,j\rnals47            ,,blackwood',s    
,,ed9burgh ,,magaz9e4    ,no4 ,,ccclx4  
,,octob]1 #ahde4 ,vol4 ,,lviii4         
,,cont5ts4    ,montesquieu1             
#chi   ,a ,rem9isc5ce ( ,boyhood4 ,by   
,delta1                   #djh   ,de    
,burt9 on ,pictures1                    
#dac   ,mann] & ,matt]1                 
#dca   ,m>/on2 or1 ! ,memoirs ( a       
,/atesman4 ,conclusion4   #dci   ,h[ we 
,got ,up ! ,gl5mut*k9 ,railway1         
#dec   ,! ,sci5ce ( ,languages4         
,kavanagh1                    #dfg      
,scrambles 9 ,monm\?%ire1               
#dgd   ,neapolitan ,sket*es1            
#dhf   ,a ,m$itation1                   
#did   ,on ! ,old ,ye>1                 
#die   ,corali1                         
ib4   ,biographical ,sket* ( ,frank     
,abney ,ha/+s1           #dif           
,,ed9burgh3   ,,william ,,blackwood ,,& 
,,sons1 #de1 ,,george ,,/reet2   ,,&    
#cg1 ,,pat]no/] ,,r[1 ,,london4    ,to  
:om all ,communications 7po/ paid7 mu/  
be address$4    ,,sold ,,by ,,all ,,!   

,,booksell]s ,,9 ,,! ,,unit$ ,,k+dom4   
,,pr9t$ ,,by ,,ballantyne ,,& ,,hughes1 
,,ed9burgh4     ,,blackwood',s          
,,ed9burgh ,,magaz9e4  ,no4 ,,ccclx4    
,,octob]1 #ahde4 ,vol4 ,,lviii4         
,,montesquieu4   ,montesquieu is beyond 
all d\bt ! f\nd] ( ! philosophy (       
hi/ory4 ,9 _m ( its mo/ important       
bran*es1 he has c>ri$ x to a degree (   
p]fection :i* has nev] s9ce be5         
surpass$4 ,he fir/ look$ on human       
affairs ) ! eye ( philosophic           
obs]vation2 he fir/ s\ght to discov] !  
la/+ causes :i* influ5ce ! fate (       
mank9d2 he fir/ trac$ ! g5]al laws :i* 9
 e age det]m9e ! rise or decl9e (       
nations4 ,"s ( 8 conclusions 7 ha/y2 _m 
( 8 analogies fanciful2 b he fir/ turn$ 
! human m9d 9 t direction4 ,x is by     
repeat$ly deviat+ into error t x c alone
 be discov]$ :]e tru? really lies3 !re  
is an al*emy 9 ! moral1 n less ?an 9 !  
mat]ial _w1 9 :i* a va/ am\nt ( g5ius   
mu/ be lo/ be=e x is discov]$ t x has   
tak5 ! wrong direction4 ,b 9            

,montesquieu1 besides su* occasional &  
unavoidable ab]rations1 !re is an       
invaluable treasure ( pr(\nd views &    
orig9al ?\ght--( lum9\s obs]vation &    
deep reflection--( philosophic          
obs]vation & j g5]alization4 ,8 fame has
 be5 long e/abli%$2 x has become        
,european2 8 say+s are quot$ & repeat$ f
 "o end ( ! _w to ! o!r2 b to ! great]  
"p ( ,engli% read]s1 8 greatness is kn[n
 r f ! di/ant e*o ( cont95tal fame1 ?an 
f any practical acqua9tance ) ! writ+s f
 :i* x has aris54  ,?\gh ,montesquieu1  
h[ev]1 is ! fa!r ( ! philosophy (       
hi/ory1 x is due to ,tacitus & ,ma*iavel
 to say1 t he is n ! au?or ( political  
?\ght4 ,9 ! fir/ ( ^! writ]s is to be   
f\nd ! mo/ pr(\nd obs]vations on ! work+
 ( ! human m9d1 :e!r 9 individuals or   
bodies ( m51 t ev] 7 =m$ by human       
sagacity3 9 ! latt]1 a s]ies ( rem>ks on
 ,roman hi/ory1 & ! correspond+ ev5ts 9 
! republics ( mod]n ,italy1 :i*1 9 po9t 
( deep political wisdom & p5etration1   
nev] 7 surpass$4 ,"l ,bacon1 too1 _h 9 8

 ,essays put =? may maxims ( political  
tru?1 ) t pr(\nd sagacity & un]r+ wisdom
 by :i* 8 ?\ghts 7 s preem95tly         
di/+ui%$4 ,b /ill ^! m51 great z !y 71 &
 mu* z !y add$ to ! mat]ials ( !        
philosophy ( hi/ory1 c h>dly be said to 
h ma/]$ t philosophy itself4 ,x 0 n _!  
object to d s2 x did n belong to ! age 9
 :i* !y liv$ to make any su* attempt4   
,!y gave incomp>able obs]vations ^u     
deta*$ po9ts 9 human annals1 b !y did n 
take a g5]al view ( _! t5d5cy4 ,!y did n
 consid] :5ce ! _w _h come1 or :i!r x 0 
go+4 ,!y =m$ no connect$ sy/em 9 reg>d  
to ! m>* ( human ev5ts4 ,!y saw cle>ly !
 effects ( p>ticul> measures or sy/ems (
 gov]nm5t at ! "t1 b !y did n reflect on
 ! *a9 ( causes :i* fir/ rais$ up1 &    
aft]w>ds und]m9$ x4 ,ari/otle1 ! mo/    
p[]ful intellect ( ! anci5t _w1 0 ( !   
same calibre z a political obs]v]4 ,he  
consid]$ only ! effects ( ! v>i\s =ms ( 
gov]nm5t :i* he saw e/abli%$ ar\nd him4 
,9 t survey he 0 admirable1 b he nev]   
w5t beyond x4 ,bossuet's ,univ]sal      

,hi/ory is little m ?an a hi/ory ( !    
,jews2 he ref]s e ?+ to ! direct &      
imm$iate ag5cy ( ,provid5ce1            
irrespective ( ! fre$om ( ! human w4    
,montesquieu fir/ fix$ 8 eyes ^u ! rise1
 progress1 & decay ( nations1 z work$   
out by ! actions ( free ag5ts4 ,!       
,gr&eur et ,dcad5ce des ,roma9s is z    
orig9al z ! ,pr9cipia1 & laid !         
f\ndation ( a sci5ce z sublime1 & p]haps
 /ill m important to man ?an ! laws ( ! 
planet>y bodies4  ,*>les ,secondat1     
,b>on de la ,br$e & ,montesquieu1 0 born
 at ! *ateau ( ,la ,br$e1 ne> ,b\rdeaux1
 on ! #ah? ,janu>y #afhi4 ,! e/ate ( ,la
 ,br$e _h be5 long 9 8 family1 :i* 0 a v
 anci5t "o2 x _h be5 erect$ into a b>ony
 9 fav\r ( ,jacob de ,secondat1 8       
great-great-gr&fa!r1 by ,h5ry ,,iv4 ,!  
(fice ( ,presid5t ( ! ,p>liam5t 7or     
,local ,c\rt ( ,ju/ice7 ( ,b\rdeaux1 _h 
be5 acquir$ by 8 family 9 consequ5ce ( !
 m>riage ( 8 fa!r ) ! daught] ( ! fir/  
presid5t ( t tribunal4 ,f 8 e>lie/ ye>s 
"y ,montesquieu ev9c$ rem>kable read9ess

 & vivacity ( m9d2 a circum/ance :i*    
det]m9$ 8 fa!r to bre$ him up to !      
magi/racy1 z x 0 t]m$ 9 ,france--a      
pr(ession midway1 z x 71 betwe5 ! c>e] (
 arms peculi> to ! noble1 & ! lab\rs ( !
 b> conf9$ to p]sons ( plebeian orig91 &
 f :i* _m ( ! greate/ m51 & ne>ly all ! 
di/+ui%$ /atesm5 ( ,france took _! rise4
 ,montesquieu ent]$ ) ! *>act]i/ic ard\r
 ( 8 disposition into ! /udies suit$ = t
 de/9ation2 & at ! age ( tw5ty he _h    
already collect$ ! mat]ials ( ! ,esprit 
des ,loix1 & ev9c$ ! *>act]i/ic turn ( 8
 m9d = g5]alization1 by an imm5se dige/ 
:i* he _h made ( ! civil law4 ,b ^! dry1
 ?\gh important /udies1 did n           
exclusively occupy 8 m9d2 he c>ri$ on1  
at ! same "t1 a great v>iety ( o!r      
pursuits4 ,l all m5 ( an active &       
intellectual turn ( m9d1 8 recreation 0 
f\nd n 9 repose1 b 9 *ange ( occupation4
 ,books ( voyages & travels 7 collect$1 
& read ) avidity2 he dev\r$ r ?an read !
 classical rema9s ( ,greece & ,rome4 ,t 
antiquity1 said he1 en*ants me1 & ,i am 

always ready to say ) ,pl9y--,y are go+ 
to ,a!ns2 %[ respect to ! gods4  ,x 0 "u
 ?is feel+ ( dev\t gratitude to ! ma/]  
m9ds ( ! anci5t _w1 t he made 8 fir/    
essay 9 lit]ature1 :i* came out 9 a     
small "w 9 ! =m ( lett]s1 ! object ( :i*
 0 to %[1 t ! idolatry ( mo/ ,pagans did
 ( itself n m]it et]nal damnation4      
,probably !re are few good ,*ri/ians1 f 
,fnlon & ,tillotson d[nw>ds1 :o w be (  
an opposite op9ion4 ,ev5 9 t juv5ile    
production are to be f\nd traces ( !    
s\nd judgm5t1 correct ta/e1 & g5]al     
?\ght :i* *>act]is$ 8 lat] works4 ,b he 
0 soon ?r[n into ! prop] lab\rs ( 8     
pr(ession4 ,on ! #bd? ,febru>y #agad1 he
 0 admitt$ into ! p>liam5t ( ,b\rdeaux z
 a c\ncillor2 & 8 pat]nal uncle1 :o held
 ! presid5t's *air1 hav+ di$ two ye>s   
aft]1 "y ,montesquieu 01 on ! #ac? ,july
 #agaf1 appo9t$ to t important (fice1   
?\gh only tw5ty-sev5 ye>s ( age4        
,probably 8 be+ ?r[n ?us e>ly 9 life    
into ! dis*>ge ( on]\s & important      
duties1 _h an important effect 9 produc+

 t firmness & maturity ( judgm5t by :i* 
8 m9d 0 subsequ5tly di/+ui%$4 ,"s ye>s  
aft]w>ds1 he gave a conv9c+ pro( ( 8    
fitness = ! situation1 9 ! vig\r ) :i*  
he remon/rat$ aga9/ ! imposition ( a    
fre% tax on w9e1 :i* _h ! effect (      
procur+ its removal at ! "t1 ?\gh !     
necessities ( gov]nm5t l$ to its be+    
reimpos$ "s ye>s aft]4 ,b 8 ard5t m9d 0 
n conf9$ to pr(essional pursuits4 ,he   
concurr$ 9 ! =mation ( an academy (     
sci5ces at ,b\rdeaux1 & read "s pap]s 9 
x on natural hi/ory2 & 8 att5tion be+ 9 
?is way turn$ to physical sci5ce1 he    
wrote & publi%$ 9 ! j\rnals1 a project =
 a ,physical ,hi/ory ( ! ,e>?1 ,anci5t &
 ,mod]n4  ,b 9 no human be+ 0 m         
completely exemplifi$ ! fam\s l9e--     
,! prop] /udy ( mank9d is man4          
,montesquieu's g5ius 0 ess5tially moral 
& political2 x 0 on man himself1 n !    
mat]ial _w ) :i* he 0 surr\nd$1 t 8     
?\ghts 7 fix$4 ,?is /rong b5t soon      
appe>$ 9 8 writ+s4 ,he next read at !   
academy at ,b\rdeaux1 a ,life ( ! ,duke 

( ,b]wick1 & an ,essay on ! ,policy ( ! 
,romans 9 ,religion1 :i* 0 ! basis ( !  
immortal "w :i* he aft]w>ds compos$ on !
 rise & fall ( t extraord9>y p4 ,^!     
desultory essays gave no indication ( ! 
fir/ consid]able "w :i* he publi%$1 :i* 
0 ! fam\s ,lettres ,p]sanes4 ,!y appe>$ 
9 #agba1 :5 he 0 ?irty-two ye>s ( age4  
,_! success 0 imm$iate & prodigi\s2 a   
c]ta9 indication 9 matt]s ( ?\ght1 t !y 
7 n de/9$ to durable fame4 ,!y fell 9 ) 
! ideas & passions ( ! "t2 !y 7 n be=e  
x2 !nce _! e>ly popul>ity & ultimate    
oblivion4 ,! "w 0 publi%$ anonym\sly2 = 
! ke5 b delicate satire on ,fr5* mann]s 
& vices :i* x conta9$1 might h endang]$ 
! au?or1 & z x 0 he _h no small         
difficulty1 :5 x 0 kn[n he 0 ! writ]1 9 
escap+ f its effects4 ,x consi/s 9 a    
s]ies ( lett]s f an imag9>y "*1 ,usbeck1
 a ,p]sian travell]1 detail+ ! vices1   
mann]s1 & cu/oms ( ! ,fr5* metropolis4  
,! +5uity1 s>casm1 & tru?1 :i* t once   
celebrat$ production conta9s1 mu/ n make
 u %ut our eyes to its gl>+ defects2 !  

vices ( ! age1 z !y ma9ly contribut$ to 
its e>ly popul>ity1 h be5 ! *ief cause (
 its subsequ5t decl9e4 ,x conta9s _m    
passages improp]ly w>m & voluptu\s1 & "s
 :i*1 "u ! mask ( attacks on ! ,jesuits1
 _h ! appe>ance1 at lea/1 ( be+ levell$ 
at religion itself4 ,no "w1 at t p]iod1 
c\ld attract att5tion 9 ,france :i* 0 n 
disfigur$ by ^! blemi%es4 ,ev5 ! great  
m9d ( ,montesquieu1 9 its fir/ essay    
be=e ! public1 did n escape ! contagion 
( ! age4  ,b1 erelong1 ! g5ius ( ?is    
pr(\nd ?9k] 0 devot$ to m cong5ial &    
wor?y objects4 ,9 #agbf1 he sold 8 (fice
 ( presid5t ( ! p>liam5t ( ,b\rdeaux1   
p>tly 9 ord] to escape f ! toils ( legal
 pursuit & judicial bus9ess1 :i*1 9 t   
m]cantile & ris+ community1 0 att5d$ )  
great lab\r2 p>tly 9 ord] to be enabl$  
to travel1 & /udy ! in/itutions & "* (  
diff]5t nations--a pursuit ( :i* he 0   
passionately fond1 & :i*1 )\t d\bt1 _h a
 p[]ful effect 9 giv+ him t va/ comm& ( 
deta*$ facts 9 political sci5ce1 & t    
lib]al view ( in/itutions1 habits1 &    

mann]s1 diff]+ 9 "s degree f 8 own1 by  
:i* 8 philosophical writ+s are s em95tly
 di/+ui%$4 ,"h1 z 9 ! biography ( almo/ 
all o!r really great m51 x is f\nd1 t "s
 circum/ances app>5tly trivial or       
accid5tal h giv5 a p]man5t b5t to _!    
m9d2 h /or$ x ) ! appropriate k1 & turn$
 x1 z x 71 into ! allott$ sph]e1 &      
contribut$ to =m ! matrix 9 :i* orig9al 
?\ght 0 =m$1 & new tru? communicat$ by  
,provid5ce to mank9d4 ,9 ! c\rse ( 8    
travels1 :i* la/$ sev]al ye>s1 he visit$
 successively ,au/ria1 ,hung>y1 ,italy1 
,switz]l&1 ! ,rh9e1 ,fl&]s1 ,holl&1 &   
,engl&--9 ! latt] ( :i* he liv$ two     
ye>s4 ,dur+ ^! v>i$ travels1 he made    
notes on all ! c\ntries :i* he visit$1  
:i* contribut$ l>gely to ! great /ock ( 
political in=mation :i* he possess$4 ,^!
 notes are /ill extant2 b1 un=tunately1 
n 9 su* a /ate ( maturity z to admit (  
publication4  ,on 8 return to ,france1  
:i* took place 9 #agcb1 he retir$ to 8  
native *ateau ( ,la ,br$e1 & comm5c$ 9  
good e>ne/ ! great bus9ess ( 8 life4 ,! 

fruit ( 8 /udies & reflections appe>$ 9 
! ,consid]ations sur les ,causes de la  
,gr&eur et de la ,dcad5ce des ,roma9s1  
:i* 0 publi%$ 9 #agcb4 ,great & orig9al 
z ?is "w--! mo/ p]fect ( all 8          
compositions--01 x did n give v5t to !  
:ole ideas :i* fill$ 8 capaci\s m9d4    
,rome1 great z x 01 0 b a s+le /ate2 x 0
 ! comp>ison ) o!r /ates1 ! developm5t (
 ! g5]al pr9ciples :i* run ?r\gh !      
jurisprud5ce & in/itutions ( all        
nations1 :i* occupi$ 8 ?\ghts4 ,!       
success :i* att5d$ 8 essay on !         
in/itutions & progress ( a s+le p1      
enc\rag$ him to enl>ge 8 views & ext5d 8
 lab\rs4 ,he came to embrace ! :ole kn[n
 _w1 civiliz$ & unciviliz$1 9 8 plan2 & 
aft] f\rte5 ye>s ( assidu\s lab\rs &    
toil1 ! immortal ,_s ( ,laws appe>$4  ,!
 hi/ory ( ,montesquieu's m9d1 dur+ !    
progress ( ?is great "w1 is s+ul>ly     
curi\s & int]e/+4 ,at times he wrote to 
8 fri5ds t 8 great "w advanc$  pas de   
gant2 at o!rs1 he 0 depress$ by ! sl[   
progress :i* x made1 & ov]:elm$ by !    

prodigi\s mass ( mat]ials :i* requir$ to
 be work$ into its composition4 ,s      
di/ru/ful 0 he ( its success1 ev5 aft] !
 va/ lab\r he _h employ$ 9 its          
composition1 t he s5t 8 manuscript be=e 
publication to a fri5d on ^: judgm5t he 
c\ld rely--,helvetius4 ,t fri5d1 not)/&+
 all 8 p5etration1 0 s mi/ak5 9 8       
reckon+1 t he conceiv$ ! mo/ s]i\s      
disquietude z to ! ru9 ( ,montesquieu's 
reputation by ! publication ( su* a "w4 
,su* 0 8 al>m t he did n v5ture to write
 to ! au?or on ! subject1 b gave !      
manuscript to ano!r critic1 ,saur91 !   
au?or ( a "w entitl$ ,sp>tacus1 long    
s9ce ext9ct1 :o pass$ ! same judgm5t ^u 
x4 ,bo? concurr$ 9 ?9k+ t ! reputation (
 ,montesquieu w\ld be entirely ru9$ by !
 publication ( ! new manuscript2 !      
brilliant au?or ( ! semi-voluptu\s1     
semi-infidel ,lettres ,p]sanes1 w\ld s9k
 into a m]e ,legi/1 a dull comm5tator on
 p&ects & /atutes1 if he publi%$ !      
,esprit des ,loix1 ,t1 said ,helvetius1 
is :at afflicts me = him1 & = humanity1 

:i* he 0 s well qualifi$ to h s]v$4 ,x 0
 agre$ betwe5 !m t ,helvetius %\ld write
 to ,montesquieu to give him an acc\nt (
 _! jo9t op9ion1 t he %\ld n give ! "w  
to ! _w 9 its pres5t /ate4 ,saur91 ) "s 
reason1 0 afraid t ,montesquieu w\ld be 
hurt at _! communication2 b ,helvetius  
wrote to him--,be n uneasy2 he is n hurt
 at our advice2 he loves frankness 9 8  
fri5ds4 ,he is will+ to be> )           
discussions1 b answ]s only by sallies1 &
 r>ely *anges 8 op9ions4 ,i h n giv5 him
 ours f any idea t he w\ld ei!r *ange 8 
conduct or modify 8 preconceiv$ ideas1 b
 f a s5se ( ! duty ( s9c]ity co/ :at x  
w1 ) fri5ds4 ,:5 ! light ( tru? %all h  
dispell$ ! illusions ( self-love1 he w  
at lea/ n be able to reproa* u ) hav+   
be5 less indulg5t ?an ! public4         
,montesquieu1 h[ev]1 0 n disc\rag$4 ,he 
s5t 8 manuscript to ! press ) h>dly any 
alt]ation1 & took = 8 motto1 ,prolem s9e
 matre creatam2#a 9 allusion to !       
orig9ality ( 8 conception1 & ! total    
want ( any previ\s model on :i* x _h be5

 =m$4 ,! "w appe>$ 9 ! mon? ( ,july     
#agdh2 & its success1 s f> z ! sale w5t1
 0 prodigi\s4 ,be=e two ye>s _h elaps$1 
x _h gone ?r\gh tw5ty-two editions1 &   
be5 translat$ into mo/ ( ! ,european    
languages4 ,?is e>ly success1 r>e 9     
works ( pr(\nd & orig9al ?\ght1 %[$1 t  
?\gh x 0 9 advance ( ! age1 x 0 b a     
little 9 advance2 & t x _h /ruck a key  
:i* 0 ready to vibrate 9 ! national m9d4
 ,l all di/+ui%$ works1 if x 0 mu* read 
& admir$ by "s1 x 0 z ke5ly criticiz$ & 
cut to pieces by o!rs4 ,madame de ,deff&
 said x 0 n ! ,esprit des ,loix he _h   
writt51 b ,esprit sur les ,loix4 ,?is   
expression made a great noise2 x _h a   
c]ta9 degree ( tru?1 j en\gh1 :5 c\pl$ )
 epigrammatic brevity1 to make ! =tune (
 ! say]4 ,enc\rag$ by its success1 !    
enemies ( orig9al g5ius1 ev] ready to   
assail x1 unit$ _! =ces1 & ,montesquieu 
0 soon ! object ( repeat$ & env5om$     
attacks4 ,x 0 said1 t to e/abli% c]ta9  
fav\rite !ories1 he avail$ himself ( !  
te/imony ( travell]s obscure & ( d\btful

 cr$it2 t he leapt too rapidly f        
p>ticul>s to g5]al conclusions2 t he    
ascrib$ to ! influ5ce ( climate &       
physical laws :at 0 9 fact ! result (   
moral or political causes2 t he _h split
 ! same subject into small *apt]s1 s    
confus$ly arrang$ t !re 0 no ord] or    
sy/em 9 ! "w2 t x 0 /ill incomplete1 &  
want$ ! ma/]-h& :i* 0 to put x toge!r2 &
 t x resembl$ ! deta*$ pieces ( a mosaic
 pavem5t1 ea* ( :i* is fair or brilliant
 9 itself1 b :i* h no mean+ or          
expression till dispos$ by ! ta/e &     
skill ( ! arti/4 ,!re 0 "s tru? 9 all ^!
 criticisms2 x is r>e t x is o!rwise ) !
 reproa*es made aga9/ a "w ( orig9al    
?\ght4 ,envy g5]ally discov]s a blot to 
hit4 ,malignity is seldom at a loss = "s
 blemi% to po9t out4 ,x is by exagg]at+ 
slight defects1 & pres]v+ sil5ce on     
great m]its1 t lit]>y jeal\sy ev] tries 
to "w out its wret*$ spite4 ,! wisdom ( 
an au?or is n to res5t or ov]look1 b 9  
sil5ce to pr(it by su* sallies2 conv]t+ 
?us ! indu/ry & envy ( 8 enemies into a 

s\rce ( advantage to himself4           
,montesquieu1 9 pursuance ( ^!          
pr9ciples1 pass$ ov] 9 sil5ce !         
malignant attacks ( a h]d ( critics1 ^: 
works are n[ buri$ 9 ! *>nel-h\se ( "t1 
b :o /rove ) all ! fury ( envy &        
disappo9tm5t to ext+ui% 8 ris+ fame4 ,:5
 press$ by "s ( 8 fri5ds to answ] "s (  
^! attacks1 he repli$--,x is unnecess>y2
 ,i am suffici5tly av5g$ on "s by !     
neglect ( ! public1 on o!rs by its      
indignation4 ,! only in/ance 9 :i* he   
deviat$ f ?is wise resolution 0 9 reply+
 to ! attacks ( an anonym\s critic1 :o1 
9 a ,j\rnal entitl$ ! ,n\velles         
,ecclesia/iques1 _h repres5t$ him z an  
a!i/4 ,9 8 ,lettres ,p]sanes1 ?\gh he _h
 nev] assail$ ! great pr9ciples ( 8     
religion1 he _h1 9 8 sallies aga9/ !    
,jesuits1 gone f> to w>rant ! belief t  
he 0 incl9$ to d s2 & _h already done   
en\gh 9 ! e/imation ( ! tyrannical &    
bigot$ ecclesia/ics :o at t p]iod rul$ !
 ,*ur* ( ,france1 to w>rant 8 be+       
includ$ 9 ! class ( infidel writ]s4 ,b 8

 m9d1 *a/5$ by ye>s1 enlight5$ by       
travell+ & reflection1 _h come to ca/ (f
 ^! prejudices ( 8 age & c\ntry1 !      
necess>y result ( ! ,romi% tyranny by   
:i* x _h be5 oppress$1 b unwor?y ( an   
intellect ( su* grasp & c&\r4 ,9 !      
,prote/ant c\ntries ( ,europe1          
p>ticul>ly ,holl& & ,engl&1 he _h se5 ! 
work+ ( ,*ri/ianity deta*$ f ! rigid    
despotism by :i* ! ,*ur* ( ,rome fett]s 
belief1 & ! well-conceiv$ appliances by 
:i* x /imulates imag9ation1 & op5s a    
refuge = frailty4 ,impress$ ) ! new     
ideas ?us awak5$ 9 8 m9d1 he _h 9 8     
,esprit des ,loix pron\nc$ a /udi\s &   
s9c]e eulogium on ,*ri/ianity2 recomm5d+
 x1 n only z ! mo/ p]fect ( all sy/ems (
 religi\s belief1 b z ! only secure     
basis ( social ord] & improvem5t4 ,x 0  
mat]ial to correct ! impression1 p>tly  
j1 p>tly errone\s1 :i* 8 e>li] & m      
indiscreet writ+s _h produc$2 & ) ?is   
view he wrote & publi%$ 8 ,def5ce de l' 
,esprit des ,loix4 ,?is little piece is 
a model ( j & c&id reason+1 accompani$ )

 a ref9$ & delicate ve9 ( ridicule1 :i* 
dis>m$ opposition )\t giv+ gr\nd =      
res5tm5t4 ,he congratulat$ himself on ! 
f9e satire ) :i* he _h ov]?r[n 8        
enemies4--,:at pleases me 9 my ,def5ce1 
is n s mu*1 said he1 to h floor$ !      
,ecclesia/ics1 z to h let !m fall s     
g5tly4 ,po/]ity w f9d a m valuable *>m 9
 ?is little production2 x is1 t ! au?or 
9 x has unconsci\sly pa9t$ himself4 ,8  
contempor>ies h record$1 t 9 read+ x !y 
c\ld believe !y he>d ! writ] speak2 &   
?is proves t 8 tal5ts 9 conv]sation _h  
be5 equal to ^? he display$ 9 writ+--a  
comb9ation v r>e 9 p]sons ( ! highe/    
class 9 lit]ature4  ,! fame (           
,montesquieu1 great z x 0 9 8 own       
c\ntry1 0 ev5 great] 9 =eign ones4 ,9   
,great ,brita9 9 p>ticul>1 ! ,esprit des
 ,loix e>ly acquir$ a prodigi\s         
reputation4 ,x 0 read & admir$ by all   
p]sons ( ?\ght & education4 ,?is 0 p>tly
 ! consequ5ce ( ,engl& be+ s mu* 9      
advance ( ,france 9 ! c>e] (            
lib]ty--alike 9 matt]s civil &          

ecclesia/ical4 ,! new ideas1 h>dy       
?\ghts1 & orig9al conceptions ( ! great 
"w met ) a ready reception1 & cordial   
admiration1 9 ! l& ( fre$om & !         
,re=mation--9 ! c\ntry :]e m$itation _h 
s long be5 turn$ to political subjects1 
contemplation to religi\s tru?4 ,b ano!r
 cause ( la/+ influ5ce also contribut$  
to ! same effect4 ,orig9al g5ius is ev] 
m readily & will+ly admir$ 9 =eign /ates
 ?an its own3 a prophet has no hon\r 9 8
 own c\ntry4 ,he int]f]es too mu* )     
exi/+ influ5ces or reputations4 ,to     
=eign]s1 he is m remote--m l a dead man4
 ,human vanity is less hurt by 8        
elevation4  ,! latt] ye>s (             
,montesquieu's life 7 sp5t almo/        
entirely 9 retirem5t at 8 pat]nal *ateau
 ( ,la ,br$e1 v>i$ occasionally by      
visits to ! great _w at ,p>is4 ,he 0    
occupi$ 9 agriculture & g>d5+--t5aci\s (
 8 seignorial rights1 b indulg5t to !   
la/ degree to 8 t5antry1 by :om he 0    
ador$4 ,nev] 0 exemplifi$ 9 a m         
rem>kable mann] ! soo?+ influ5ce ( !    

recollections ( a well-sp5t life on !   
felicity ( its lat] ye>s1 or ! f\nta9s (
 happ9ess :i* may be op5$ 9 ! brea/     
itself f ! calm s]5ity ( consci\s p[] & 
great a*ievem5t4 ,he conv]s$ mu*1 ) !   
f>m]s & peasants on 8 e/ate1 ^: h\ses he
 frequ5tly ent]$1 & ^: convivialities1  
on occasion ( a m>riage or a bir?1 he   
seldom fail$ to att5d4 ,he (t5 pref]r$  
_! conv]sation to t ( p]sons _! sup]iors
 9 rank or in=mation--=1 said he1 !y are
 n le>n$ en\gh to ent] into argum5t2 !y 
only tell y :at !y "k1 :i* frequ5tly y d
 n "k y\rself4 ,?\gh he liv$ ) ! great  
:5 9 ,p>is1 p>tly f necessity1 p>tly f  
incl9ation1 yet _! society 0 n[ays      
necess>y to 8 happ9ess4 ,he flew z soon 
z he c\ld f _! brilliant assemblies to !
 retirem5t ( 8 e/ate1 :]e he f\nd ) joy1
 philosophy1 books1 & repose4 ,surr\nd$ 
by ! p ( ! c\ntry 9 _! h\rs ( leisure1  
aft] hav+ /udi$ man 9 ! int]c\rse ( ! _w
 & ! hi/ory ( nations1 he /udi$ x 9 ^?  
simple m9ds :i* nature alone _h taught2 
& he f\nd some?+ to le>n !re4 ,he       

conv]s$ *e]fully ) !m2 l ,socrates1 he  
drew out _! tal5ts & in=mation2 he      
appe>$ to take z mu* pleasure 9 _!      
conv]sation z 9 t ( ! brilliant circles 
by :i* he 0 c\rt$ 9 ! capital2 he       
t]m9at$ _! disputes by 8 wisdom1 assuag$
 _! suff]+s by 8 b5efic5ce4  ,9 society 
he 0 uni=mly affable1 *e]ful1 &         
consid]ate4 ,8 conv]sation 0 light1     
agreeable1 & in/ructive1 ab\nd+ )       
anecdotes ( ! great numb] ( em95t m5 )  
:om he _h liv$4 ,l 8 /yle 9 writ+1 x 0  
brief1 tran*ant1 & epigrammatic1 full ( 
wit & obs]vation1 b )\t a p>ticle (     
bitt]ness or satire4 ,9 common ) all m5 
( ! highe/ class ( intellect1 he 0      
totally devoid ( envy or jeal\sy4 ,none 
m readily applaud$ g5ius or m]it 9 o!rs1
 or 0 m desir\s on all occasions to br+ 
x =w>d1 & give x ! due rew>d4 ,no "o    
rec\nt$ anecdotes ) m vivacity1 a happi]
 effect1 or less t$ium4 ,he knew t !    
close ( all su* n>ratives conta9s 9     
g5]al all t is pleas+ 9 !m2 & !re=e he  
ha/5$ to arrive at x be=e ! pati5ce ( 8 

he>]s c\ld be exhau/$4 ,he _h a p]fect  
horror at long /ories4 ,he 0 frequ5tly  
abs5t1 & rema9$ 9 society = "s "t wrapt 
9 ?\ght1 )\t speak+2 b nev] fail$1 on   
su* occasions1 to make am5ds by "s      
unexpect$ rem>k or anecdote1 :i* reviv$ 
! langui%+ conv]sation4 ,8 m9d 0 full3  
no subject c\ld be m5tion$ on :i* he 0 n
 in=m$2 b he nev] br\ght 8 k o/5tati\sly
 =w>d1 & s\ght r to draw out ^? ar\nd   
him1 & lead ! conv]sation s z to make   
o!rs %9e1 ?an to d s himself4  ,he 0    
regul> & me?odical 9 8 life2 & ?is arose
 n m]ely f 8 "* & disposition1 b ! ord] 
he _h prescrib$ to himself 9 8 /udies4  
,?\gh capable ( long-cont9u$ ef=t &     
pr(\nd m$itation1 he nev] exhau/$ 8     
/r5g?2 he uni=mly *ang$ ! subject ( 8   
lab\r1 or book1 to "s recreation1 be=e  
feel+ ! s5sation ( fatigue4 ,temp]ate 9 
8 habits1 s]5e & unruffl$ 9 8 m9d1 he   
enjoy$ a mu* l>g] %>e ( happ9ess ?an    
falls to ! lot ( mo/ m54 ,he 0 =tunately
 m>ri$2 _h affectionate *ildr51 ^:      
k9dness & att5tions solac$ 8 decl9+     

ye>s2 & 8 rem>kable prud5ce & economy n 
only pres]v$ him f ^? pecuni>y          
emb>rassm5ts s common to m5 ( g5ius1 b  
enabl$ him frequ5tly to indulge !       
b5evol5ce ( 8 disposition by spl5did    
acts ( g5]osity4 ,he frequ5tly said t he
 _h nev] exp]i5c$ a *agr9 9 life :i* an 
h\r's read+ did n dissipate4 ,9 8 lat]  
ye>s1 :5 8 eyesight 0 affect$ he dep5d$ 
*iefly on li/5+ to read+ al\d1 :i* 0    
done alt]nately by 8 secret>y & "o ( 8  
daught]s4 ,he _h e ?+ :i* c\ld make life
 happy2 an ample =tune1 affectionate    
family1 fame nev] conte/$1 !            
consci\sness ( great p[]s nobly         
appli$--,i h nev] ?r\gh life1 said he 9 
8 old age1 _h a *agr91 /ill less an h\r 
( ennui4 ,i wak5 9 ! morn+ ) a secret   
pleasure at behold+ ! light4 ,i gaze ^u 
x ) species ( ravi%m5t4 ,all ! day ,i am
 cont5t4 ,9 ! ev5+ :5 ,i retire to re/1 
,i fall into a sort ( rev]ie :i* prev5ts
 ! ef=t ( ?\ght1 & ,i pass ! night )\t  
once wak+4  ,no man ev] possess$ a high]
 s5se ( ! dignity ( intellectual p[]1 ( 

its great & glori\s mission1 ( its      
sup]iority to all ! _w calls great1 & ( 
! consequ5t jeal\sy & av]sion ) :i* x is
 sure to be reg>d$ by ! deposit>ies (   
political au?ority4 ,he 0 neglect$ by   
!m2 he knew x1 & expect$ x2 x nev] gave 
him a mom5t's *agr94 ,he 0 n ins5sible1 
says ,d',alemb]t1 to glory2 b he _h no  
desire to w9 b by des]v+ x4 ,nev] did he
 attempt to enhance 8 reputation by !   
und]h& devices & secret ma*9ations by   
:i* second-rate m5 s (t5 /rive to su/a9 
_! lit]>y =tunes4 ,wor?y ( e eloge & ( e
 recomp5se1 he ask$ no?+1 & 0 n[ays     
surpris$ at be+ =got4 ,b he _h c\rage   
en\gh 9 critical circum/ances to solicit
 ! protection at c\rt ( m5 ( lett]s     
p]secut$ & un=tunate1 & he obta9$ _!    
re/oration to fav\r4 ,:at a picture ( ! 
fir/ man ( 8 age1 liv+ 9 retirem5t1 ask+
 no?+1 n[ays surpris$ at be+ =got6 ,he  
knew human nature well :o act$ ?us aft] 
writ+ ! ,esprit des ,loix4 ,p[] loves   
tal5t z long z x s]ves itself1 :5 x is  
useful b manageable2 x hates x :5 x     

becomes its in/ructor4 ,self-love is    
gratifi$ by ! subs]vi5ce ( g5ius 9 !    
fir/ case2 x is mortifi$ by its         
sup]iority 9 ! la/4  ,b ?is hon\r$ &    
happy life 0 draw+ to a close4 ,%ortly  
aft] ! publication ( ! ,esprit des      
,loix1 ! /r5g? ( ,montesquieu rapidly   
decl9$2 x seem$ z if nature _h be5      
exhau/$ by t great production4 ,i _h    
int5d$1 said he 9 8 j\rnal1 to give m   
ext5t & dep? to "s p>ts ( ! ,esprit des 
,loix1 b ,i h become incapable ( x4     
,read+ has weak5$ my eyes2 & x seems z  
if ! little light t /ill rema9s to !m1  
is b ! dawn ( ! day :5 !y w close = ev]4
 ,8 anticipations 7 n long ( be+ c>ri$  
into effect4 ,9 ,febru>y #agee1 he 0    
seiz$ ) an inflammatory fev] :5 on a    
visit at ,p>is4 ,! utmo/ c>e & att5tion 
0 be/[$ on him by a numb] ( fri5ds      
especially ! ,duc de ,niv]nois & !      
,du*esse d',aiguillon1 two ( 8 olde/    
fri5ds2 b he sunk "u ! malady at ! end (
 ?irte5 days4 ,! sweetness ( 8 temp] &  
s]5ity ( 8 disposition nev] des]t$ him  

dur+ ?is illness4 ,f ! fir/ he 0 aw>e ( 
its dang]\s nature1 b n a groan1 a      
compla9t1 or a murmur ev] escap$ 8 lips4
 ,! ,jesuits made /r5u\s endeav\rs to   
get possession ( him dur+ 8 la/ mom5ts2 
b1 ?\gh /rongly impress$ ) religions    
pr9ciple1 he resi/$ all _! ef=ts to     
extract f him a decl>ation 9 fav\r ( _! 
peculi> t5ets4 ,i h always respect$     
religion1 said he2 ! morality ( !       
,gospel is ! noble/ gift ev] be/[$ by   
,god on man4 ,! ,jesuits /r5u\sly urg$  
him to put into _! h&s a correct$ copy (
 ! ,lettres ,p]sanes1 9 :i* he _h       
expung$ ! passages hav+ an irreligi\s   
t5d5cy1 b he refus$ to give x to !m2 b  
he gave ! copy to ! ,du*esse            
d',aiguillon1 & ,madame ,dupr de ,/     
,maur1 :o 7 9 ! ap>tm5t1 ) in/ructions =
 its publication1 say+1 ,i w sacrifice e
 ?+ to religion1 b no?+ to ! ,jesuits4  
,%ortly aft] he receiv$ extreme unction 
f ! h&s ( ! cur ( ! p>i%4 ,sir1 said !  
prie/1 y n[ feel h[ great is ,god4 ,yes1
 he repli$1 & h[ little man4 ,^! 7 8 la/

 words4 ,he di$ on ! #aj? ( ,febru>y    
#agee4  ,montesquieu left a great numb] 
( manuscripts & notes2 b !y 7 9 s       
incomplete a /ate1 t a few deta*$       
fragm5ts only h be5 deem$ fit =         
publication4 ,he _h writt5 a j\rnal ( 8 
travels1 & 9 p>ticul> a set ( ,notes on 
,engl&1 :i* w\ld h be5 ( mu* value _h !y
 be5 work$ up to a mature =m2 b dea?    
int]rupt$ him :5 he 0 only 9 !          
comm5cem5t ( t great und]tak+4 ,he _h   
begun a hi/ory ( ,france "u ,l\is ,,xi41
 :i* is /ill extant1 ?\gh v little      
progress 0 made 9 ! "w4 ,! introduction1
 conta9+ a sket* ( ! /ate ( ,europe at t
 p]iod1 is said to equal ! mo/ brilliant
 picture left by 8 immortal h&4 ,x is   
writt5 9 ! t]se1 epigrammatic /yle :i*  
is s *>act]i/ic ( its au?or2 & a few    
/rik+ expressions pres]v$ by ^? :o h _h 
access to ! manuscript1 w convey an idea
 ( :at ! "w w\ld h be54 ,he saw only1   
said he1 9 ! comm5cem5t ( 8 reign1 !    
comm5cem5t ( v5geance4 ,t]m9at+ a       
p>allel ( ,l\is ,,xi4 & ,ri*elieu1 :i*  

he drew mu* to ! advantage ( ! latt]1 he
 obs]v$1 ,he made ! mon>* play ! second 
"p 9 ! mon>*y1 b ! fir/ 9 ,europe--he   
l[]$ ! k+1 b he rais$ ! ,k+dom4 ,^! &   
simil> expressions are 9 ,montesquieu's 
peculi> & n]v\s /yle1 & !y prove t ! "w 
w\ld h conta9$1 if complet$1 _m         
brilliant passages2 b !y d n w>rant !   
conclusion t ! hi/ory itself w\ld h be5 
( mu* value4 ,!re is no?+ m dang]\s to  
an hi/orian ?an great p[]s (            
epigrammatic expression2 x almo/        
inevitably leads to ! sacrifice ( tru? &
 c&\r to po9t & anti!sis4 ,x is well =  
,tacitus t we h n ! o!r side ( 8 /ory   
rec\nt$ by a writ] ( equal p[]1 b less  
p>ty _s & =ce ( expression4 ,9 tru?1 x  
is probable ! _w has n lo/ mu* by       
,montesquieu's num]\s unpubli%$         
manuscripts hav+ be5 left 9 an          
incomplete /ate4 ,!re is no end to !    
writ+ ( romances1 or ! annals ( human   
ev5ts1 b !re is a v e>ly limit to !     
production ( orig9al ideas1 ev5 to !    
greate/ intellects2 to ,plato1 ,bacon1  

,newton1 ,smi?1 or ,montesquieu1 !y are 
giv5 only 9 a limit$ numb]4 ,h5ce _!    
frequ5t repetition ( ! same ?\ghts1 :5  
_! writ+s become volum9\s4 ,montesquieu 
has done en\gh2 8 mission to man has be5
 amply fulfill$4  ,9 common ) o!r m5 ^: 
?\ghts h made a great & wide-spread     
impression on mank9d1 ! orig9ality &    
value ( ,montesquieu's conceptions _c be
 rightly appreciat$ by subsequ5t ages4  
,t is ! consequ5ce ( _! v orig9ality &  
importance4 ,!y h sunk s deep1 & spread 
s f> among mank9d1 t !y h become common 
& almo/ trite4 ,l ! expressions (       
,%akspe>e1 ,gray1 or ,milton1 !y h      
become h\sehold words2 on read+ 8 works1
 we are a/oni%$ to f9d h[ va/ a         
proportion ( our habitual ?\ghts &      
expressions h sprung f t s\rce4 ,?is1   
h[ev]1 f> f be+ a reproa* to an au?or1  
is 8 highe/ comm5dation2 x demon/rates  
at once ! impression 8 ?\ghts h made on 
mank9d4 ,if we w\ld discov] ! /ep a     
great man has made1 we mu/ recur to !   
au?ors 9 ! same l9e :o h prec$$ him1 &  

!n ! *ange appe>s great inde$4 ,! highe/
 praise :i* c be be/[$ on an au?or (    
orig9al ?\ght1 is to say1 t 8 ideas 7   
unkn[n to ! au?ors :o prec$$1 trite ) ^?
 :o foll[$ him4  ,! great *>act]i/ic (  
,montesquieu's ?\ghts1 is ! trac+ !     
op]ation ( g5]al & la/+ causes on human 
affairs4 ,be=e 8 "t1 ! m>* ( political  
or social ev5ts 0 ascrib$ by div9es to !
 imm$iate & direct ag5cy ( ! ,deity     
guid+ human actions1 z a g5]al moves an 
army2 by m5 ( ! _w1 to *ance1 or ! ma/]+
 influ5ce ( individual en]gy & tal5t4   
,bossuet may be consid]$ z ! mo/ em95t (
 ! =m] class4 ,voltaire br\ght !        
doctr9es ( ! latt] to _! highe/         
p]fection4 ,9 opposition to bo?1        
,montesquieu /r5u\sly ass]t$ ! op]ation 
( g5]al laws1 emanat+ d\btless orig9ally
 f ! in/itutions ( ! ,deity1 & !        
adaptation ( ! human m9d to !           
circum/ances 9 :i* man is plac$ 9       
society1 b act+ at subsequ5t p]iods     
?r\gh ! in/rum5tality ( free ag5ts1 & ( 
p]man5t & la/+ op]ation 9 all ages ( !  

_w4 ,ma*iavel _h frequ5tly got sight (  
?is sublime !ory 9 8 political writ+s2 &
 9 8 ,discorsi on ,roman ,hi/ory1 _m ( !
 mo/ pr(\nd obs]vations ev] made by man 
on ! work+ ( ! human m9d "u free        
in/itutions1 & ( ! correspond+ effects (
 simil> pr9ciples ( action 9 ! republics
 ( antiquity1 & ( ^? ( ,italy 9 mod]n   
times1 are to be f\nd4 ,b x 0           
,montesquieu :o fir/ c>ri$ out ! doctr9e
 to its full ext5t1 & trac$ its op]ation
 ?r\gh an inf9ity ( hi/orical ev5ts &   
political in/itutions4 ,x is to !       
success ) :i* he has done ?is1 & !      
comb9$ philosophical dep? & grasp (     
details :i* 8 writ+s exhibit1 t 8       
colossal reputation has be5 ow+4 ,he _h 
prodigi\s acqua9tance ) individual      
facts1 unit$ to ! p[] ( classify+ !m "u 
_! prop] heads1 & d$uc+ f !m _! g5]al & 
common pr9ciples4 ,l ! /eam-eng9e1 he   
c\ld1 by turns1 turn a ?read r\nd a     
sp9dle1 & elevate a sev5ty-f\r 9 ! air4 
,he 0 ! ,kepl] ( sci5ce2 l ! immortal   
,g]man1 he _h made eighty ?\s&          

obs]vations 9 ! social _w2 b1 l him1 he 
c\ld d$uce ! few laws ( national advance
 or decl9e f ! regul> irregul>ity ( _!  
motion4  ,! expression1 ,esprit des     
,loix1 select$ z ! title (              
,montesquieu's great "w1 0 n happily    
*os54 ,:at he meant 0 n ! ,_s ( ,laws1 b
 ! causes f :i* laws h aris52 ! ,leges  
,legum1 z ,cic]o said1 to :i* !y 7 ow+1 
& f :i* !y _h sprung4 ,he ascrib$ v     
little influ5ce to human in/itutions 9  
m\ld+ ! "* or det]m9+ ! felicity ( man4 
,on ! contr>y1 he ?\ght t ^! in/itutions
 7 9 g5]al an effect1 n a cause4 ,he    
conceiv$ t !y arose1 9 e c\ntry1 f      
some?+ peculi> 9 ! race f :i* ! nature  
desc5d$1 or ! climate1 employm5ts1 or   
mode ( e>n+ subsi/5ce to :i* x 0 *a9$ 9 
subsequ5t times by ! physical           
circum/ance 9 :i* x 0 plac$4 ,a c]ta9   
type or "* 0 impr9t$ on e p1 ei!r by !  
in]adicable influ5ce ( blood1 :i*       
desc5ds to ! remote/ g5]ations1 or ! n  
less irremovable effect ( ext]nal &     
physical circum/ances :i* atta*es to !m 

?r\gh all ages4 ,x 0 ?is blood & ^?     
circum/ances :i* =m$ ! national "*1 &   
?r\gh x1 9 ! c\rse ( g5]ations1 m\ld$ ! 
national cu/oms & in/itutions4 ,su*     
cu/oms & in/itutions 7 ^? :i*1 hav+ be5 
fram$ by necessity1 or ! dictates (     
exp$i5ce1 accord+ to ! circum/ances 9   
:i* ea* p 7 plac$1 7 be/ adapt$ to _!   
temp] & situation4 ,true wisdom consi/$ 
n 9 alt]+ b foll[+ out ! _s ( exi/+ laws
 & cu/oms2 &1 9 8 own words--,no nation 
ev] yet rose to la/+ greatness b f      
in/itutions 9 con=mity to its _s4 ,no   
calamities 7 s great or irrem$iable z ^?
 :i* arose f disreg>d+ ! sep>ate *>act]s
 /amp$ on ! diff]5t races & nations ( m5
 by ! h& ( ! ,almighty1 or seek+ to =ce 
^u "o p or "o race ! in/itutions :i* h  
aris5 among1 & are adapt$ to1 ano!r4    
,su* are ! fundam5tal pr9ciples :i* run 
?r\gh ,montesquieu's writ+s1 & to !     
elucidation ( :i* he devot$ ! fifte5 be/
 ye>s ( 8 life4 ,x w readily be p]ceiv$ 
t !y are entirely at v>iance ) ! :ole   
doctr9es ( ! ,fr5* philosoph]s ( ! latt]

 "p ( ! eighte5? c5tury1 & :i* 7        
practically en=c$ & c>ri$ into effect 9 
_! great ,revolution4 ,) !m in/itutions 
7 e ?+2 national "*1 desc5t1 employm5t1 
or physical circum/ances1 no?+4 ,all    
mank9d w\ld be ! same if !y only enjoy$ 
! same lib]ty1 laws1 & in/itutions4 ,!  
diff]5ces obs]vable among !m 7 entirely 
! result ( ! diff]5t gov]nm5ts =c$ ^u   
m51 9 v>i\s /ages ( _! progress1 by !   
tyranny ( k+s1 ! =ce ( conque/1 or !    
ma*9ations ( prie/s4 ,"o frame (        
in/itutions1 "o code ( laws1 "o set (   
gov]nm5t maxims1 7 adapt$ = all ! _w1 & 
if practically act$ ^u w\ld e :]e       
produce ! same pure & upright "* 9 ! p4 
,vice & wick$ness 7 ! hateful effect (  
ari/ocratic pride1 k+ly lu/s1 or        
sac]dotal delusion2 ! human he>t 0      
naturally innoc5t1 & b5t only ^u virtue2
 :5 ! debas+ influ5ce ( ^! corrupt]s (  
m5 0 remov$1 x w\ld univ]sally resume   
its natural direction4 ,h5ce ! maxim (  
,robespi]re--,le peuple e/ t\j\rs bon1  
le magi/rat t\j\rs corruptible4 ,h5ce ! 

read9ess ) :i* ! con/itution-mong]s at  
,p>is set !mselves to prep>e skeletons (
 gov]nm5t = all nations1 & _! univ]sal  
id5tity ) t orig9ally ca/ dur+ ! f]v\r (
 ! ,revolution = ! ,great ,nation4 ,h5ce
 also1 x may be add$1 _! exp]i5c$ evils1
 %ort duration1 & univ]sal sweep+ away1 
)9 a few ye>s1 be=e ! accumulat$ suff]+ 
& ar\s$ indignation ( mank9d4  ,x 0 ow+ 
to ?is fundam5tal v>iance betwe5 !      
doctr9es ( ,montesquieu & ^? ( ! great] 
"p ( 8 contempor>ies1 & ne>ly ! :ole    
g5]ation :i* succe$$ him1 t ! comp>ative
 obscurity ( 8 fame aft] 8 dea?1 & !    
neglect :i* 8 writ+s = long exp]i5c$ 9  
,france1 are to be ascrib$4 ,:5 we      
contemplate ! pr(\nd nature ( 8 ?\ghts1 
! happy t]s5ess & epigrammatic =ce ( 8  
expressions1 & ! great e>ly fame :i* 8  
writ+s acquir$1 no?+ appe>s m           
extraord9>y ?an ! subsequ5t neglect into
 :i*1 = above half a c5tury aft] 8 dea?1
 he fell4#b ,voltaire1 ,r\sseau1        
,helvetius1 ,condorcet1 ,turgot1 & !    
,encyclopdi/s1 7 !n at ! acme ( _!      

reputation2 & _! doctr9es z to ! natural
 innoc5ce ( man1 & ! univ]sal m\ld+ (   
human "* by political in/itutions1 n (  
political in/itutions by human "*1 7 too
 mu* at v>iance ) ,montesquieu's        
d$uctions & conclusions to admit ( _!   
coexi/+ toge!r4 ,! exp]i5ce ( !         
,revolution1 bo? abroad & at home1      
h[ev]1 erelong spread a d\bt among _m   
?9k+ m51 :e!r ^! doctr9es 7 9 reality z 
well f\nd$ z !y 7 univ]sally repres5t$  
to be by ! philosoph]s ( ! prec$+ age4  
,napoleon1 :o 0 ?or\ghly conv9c$ ( _!   
errone\s nature1 _h a high admiration = 
,montesquieu1 & frequ5tly quot$ 8       
s5tim5ts4 ,b /ill ! opposite set (      
op9ions1 diffus$ ov] ! _w ) ! tricolor  
flag1 ma9ta9 _! gr\nd ) ! great majority
 ev5 ( well-in=m$ m51 at lea/ 9 all     
republican /ates & con/itutional        
mon>*ies4 ,! policy ( ,engl& 9 enc\rag+ 
! revolutions ( ,belgium1 ,portugal1    
,spa91 & ! ,s\? ,am]ican republics1 has1
 = ! la/ ?irty ye>s1 be5 ma9ly f\nd$ on 
! pr9ciple1 t in/itutions simil> to ^? (

 ,brita9 may ) safety be transf]r$ to   
o!r /ates1 & t x is among !m alone t we 
are to look = durable alliances or      
cordial support4 ,! wret*$ fate ( all ! 
c\ntries1 /rang]s to ! ,anglo-,saxon    
blood1 :o h be5 curs$ ) ^! ali5         
con/itutions1 :e!r 9 ! ,spani% or       
,italian ,p59sulas1 or ! ,s\? ,am]ican  
/ates--! jeal\s _s & frequ5t undisguis$ 
ho/ility ( ,am]ica--! total failure (   
,engli% in/itutions 9 ,irel&1 h _h no   
effect ) ! great majority ( m5 9 ?is    
c\ntry1 9 root+ out ^! fatal errors4 ,m 
?an "o g5]ation1 x is app>5t1 mu/ desc5d
 to _! graves be=e !y are fairly expell$
 f g5]al ?\ght by exp]i5ce & suff]+4 ,s 
ob/9ately d m5 cl+ to doctr9es1 :i* are 
flatt]+ to human vanity1 9 opposition   
alike to ! dictates ( wisdom & ! lessons
 ( exp]i5ce2 & s true 9 all ages is !   
doctr9e ( ! ,roman ,ca?olic *ur*1 t     
pride is ! la/ s9 :i* c be conqu]$ 9 !  
human he>t4  ,"o rem>kable in/ance w    
illu/rate ! mann] 9 :i* ,montesquieu    
support$ ! opposite pr9ciples1 t        

in/itutions are m\ld$ by ! "* &         
circum/ances ( nations1 n ! m\ld]s ( !m4
 ,x is well kn[n t primog5iture1 ?\gh   
nei!r ! law ( succession 9 ! ,roman     
empire1 nor orig9ally ( ! nations (     
,nor!rn ,europe1 9 :om ! allodial cu/oms
 at fir/ g5]ally prevail$1 came to be   
univ]sally introduc$ ) ! feudal sy/em1 &
 ! ?or\gh e/abli%m5t ( a milit>y        
ari/ocracy 9 e c\ntry ( ,europe4 ,b1    
/range to say1 !re are "s places :]e !  
rule is j ! rev]se1 & ! y\nge/ son      
succe$s to ! :ole movable e/ate ( !     
fa!r1 z is /ill ! cu/om ( "s bor\ghs 9  
,engl&4#c ,montesquieu ascribes1 &      
app>5tly ) reason1 ^! opposite rules (  
succession to a simil> feel+ ( exp$i5ce 
& necessity 9 ! diff]5t circum/ances 9  
:i* ! same race ( ,nor?m5 7 plac$ 9     
diff]5t p]iods ( _! progress4 ,!        
succession ( ! y\nge/ son to ! fa!r's   
e/ate 0 ! beque/ ( ! patri>*al ages1 :5 
! y\nge/ son g5]ally rema9$ la/ at home 
) 8 ag$ p>5t1 8 eld] bro!rs hav+        
previ\sly hiv$ (f ) _! h]ds & flocks4   

,he !re=e naturally succe$$ to !        
movables ( :i* he 0 alone 9 possession1 
jo9tly ) 8 fa!r1 at ! latt]'s dea?4  ,on
 ! o!r h&1 ! desc5t ( ! :ole l&$ e/ate  
to ! elde/ son1 to ! exclusion ( 8 y\ng]
 bro!rs & si/]s1 0 naturally sugge/$ by 
! settlem5t ( a brave & m>tial race (   
conqu]ors 9 ext5sive di/ricts ga9$ by _!
 val\r1 & :i* c\ld be ma9ta9$ only 9 !  
l&s !y _h won by ! sword4 ,to divide !  
e/ate 9 su* circum/ances ( p]il1 0 to   
expose x to c]ta9 de/ruction2 unity (   
op]ation 9 all its =ms1 "o head1 "o     
ca/le1 0 z indisp5sable z "o g5]al to an
 army1 or "o sov]eign to a k+dom4 ,! old
 maxim1 divide et imp]a1 0 univ]sally   
felt to be ( fe>ful application4        
,empires1 du*ies1 pr9cipalities1        
e>ldoms1 b>onies1 private e/ates1 c\ld  
alone be pres]v$ entire1 amid/ ! g5]al  
ho/ility ) :i* all 7 surr\nd$1 by       
desc5d+ to a s+le occupant4 ,t occupant 
0 naturally ! elde/ son1 ! fir/-born ( !
 family1 ! fir/ :o arriv$ at man's      
e/ate1 & ! mo/ capable on t acc\nt to   

r5d] ! necess>y protection to its v>i\s 
memb]s & dep5dants4 ,h5ce ! g5]al       
e/abli%m5t ( ! law ( primog5iture 9 all 
! c\ntries ( ,europe4 ,& = a simil>     
reason1 :5 ! necessity :i* at fir/      
occasion$ ?is g5]al deviation f ! feel+s
 ( equal affection to (fspr+ 0 remov$ by
 ! e/abli%m5t ( regul> gov]nm5t1 & g5]al
 security1 & ! spread ( comm]ce1 ) !    
necessity ( capital to fit out sons &   
daught]s1 _h be5 g5]ally felt1 ?is cu/om
 0 sil5tly abrogat$ at lea/ 9 !         
comm]cial & middle classes1 & a division
 ( ! succession1 :e!r 9 l& or money1    
into ne>ly equal p>ts1 v g5]ally took   
place4  ,x may readily be inf]r$ f ^!   
obs]vations1 t ! doctr9es (             
,montesquieu1 z to ! m\ld+ ( in/itutions
 by ext]nal circum/ances1 & ! "* (      
nations1 n ( ! "* ( nations by          
in/itutions & =ms ( gov]nm5t1 is "o ( ! 
v highe/ importance1 n m]ely to         
speculative philosoph]s1 b practical    
/atesm54 ,9 tru?1 x is ! "q ( que/ions2 
! "o ?+ ne$ful to be und]/ood bo? by !  

lead]s ( ?\ght & ! rul]s ( m54 ,unless  
correct & rational views are ent]ta9$ on
 ?is subject1 int]nal legislation w be  
p]petually at fault1 ext]nal policy 9 a 
false direction4 ,re=m w deg5]ate into  
revolution1 conque/ into desolation4 ,! 
greate/ calamities1 bo? social & =eign1 
record$ 9 ! hi/ory ( ! la/ half c5tury1 
h aris5 f a neglect ( ! maxims (        
,montesquieu1 z to ! indelible influ5ce 
( race & ext]nal circum/ances on human  
"*1 & ! adoption 9 _! /ead ( ! doctr9es 
( ,voltaire & ,r\sseau1 on ! p>am\nt    
influ5ce ( political in/itutions & g5]al
 education on human felicity4 ,our      
policy1 bo? social & =eign1 is /ill     
ma9ly f\nd$ on ! latt] basis4 ,if       
,montesquieu's pr9ciples z to no nation 
ev] arriv+ at durable greatness b by    
in/itutions 9 h>mony ) its _s & orig91  
_h be5 g5]ally adopt$1 ! ,fr5*          
,revolution1 :i* orig9at$ 9 ! ,anglo &  
,am]ican mania1 & ! desire to transplant
 ,engli% in/itutions into ! soil (      
,france1 w\ld nev] h tak5 place4 ,_h !  

same views prevail$ 9 ! ,briti% ,cab9et1
 ! iniquit\s support ( ! revolt ( ! ,s\?
 ,am]ican colonies 9 #ahba & #ahbb1 & ! 
insidi\s enc\ragem5t ( ! ru9\s          
revolutions ( ,spa9 & ,portugal dur+ !  
,c>li/ w>1 w\ld n h /a9$ ! hon\r (      
,engl&1 & ru9$ ! prospects ( ! ,p59sula4
 ,_h !y p]vad$ ! ,briti% community1 !   
two fatal mi/akes ( policy 9 our "t1 !  
sudd5 emancipation ( ! negro slaves 9 ! 
,we/ ,indies1 & ! unloos+ all ! bonds ( 
gov]nm5t 9 ,irel&1 by ! transplantation 
( ,anglo-,saxon in/itutions1 & ! temp]$ 
fre$om ( ,engl&1 into ! mid/ ( ! ,celtic
 blood & semi-b>b>\s passions ( ,irel&1 
w\ld nev] h be5 committ$4 ,! great "q at
 issue1 9 %ort1 betwe5 ,montesquieu & ! 
,encyclopdi/s1 z to :e!r man is m\ld$ by
 in/itutions1 or in/itutions by man1 is 
! fundam5tal "q1 n only speculative1 b  
practical1 ( ! age2 & )\t correct ideas 
on :i*1 int]nal legislation & ext]nal   
policy are equally c]ta9 to be          
precipitat$ into error1 & b5evol5ce     
itself to become ! p>5t ( unb\nd$       

calamities4  ,& yet1 if ! matt] be      
consid]$ dispassionately1 & )\t !       
di/urb+ influ5ce ( human pride &        
democratic ambition1 :i* h obscur$ !    
visions ( ?ree g5]ations ( ! able/ m5 9 
,europe1 x seems extraord9>y h[ any d\bt
 c\ld ev] h be5 ent]ta9$ on ! subject4  
,:at are laws & in/itutions b ! "w ( m51
 ! conc5tration ( ! national w 9 times  
pa/1 or at ! pres5t mom5t8 ,if s1 h[    
c\ld !y h aris5 b f ! w ( ! p8 ,x is    
only remov+ ! difficulty a /ep fur!r    
back to say1 z has s (t5 be5 done1 t !y 
7 impos$1 n by ! w ( ! nation1 b by !   
p[] ( ! tyrants :o _h oppress$1 or !    
prie/s :o _h delud$ x4 ,= :o 7 ^!       
tyrants or ^! prie/s8 ,n "o 9 tw5ty ?\s&
 to ! :ole community4 ,if !y 7 emp[]$ & 
enabl$ to impose arbitr>y or debas+     
in/itutions1 x mu/ h be5 because !      
imm5se majority devolv$ to !m ! task2   
because1 consci\s ( inability to gov]n  
!mselves1 or want+ ! incl9ation to d s1 
!y will+ly resign$ !mselves to !        
guidance & direction ( o!rs4 ,! ,cz> at 

,/4 ,pet]sburg1 ! ,sultaun at           
,con/ant9ople1 ! ,emp]or at ,pek91 reign
 j z mu* by ! national w1 & 9 a mann] j 
z con=mable to ! national wi%1 z !      
,consuls ( ,rome1 ! ,committee ( ,public
 ,salvation at ,p>is1 or ! pres5t       
con/itutional ,mon>*s ( ,france or      
,engl&4 ,! pro( ( ?is is1 t :5 ! p are  
dissatisfi$ ) _! adm9i/ration1 or       
displeas$ ) ! sov]eign1 !y h no         
difficulty 9 dispat*+ him4 ,! twi/+ ( a 
sa% r\nd ! neck 9 ,russia1 ! b[/r+ 9    
,con/ant9ople or ,ispahan1 are v        
effectual monitors--fully z mu* s z a   
ho/ile ,p>liam5t>y majority 9 ! h\se (  
,commons or ,*amb] ( ,deputies4 ,9 a ^w1
 gov]nm5t 9 e c\ntry be+ conduct$ by !  
few ov] ! _m by ! hundr$s ov] ! hundr$  
?\s&s1 x is altoge!r impossible t !     
adm9i/ration or in/itutions c be1 = any 
l5g? ( "t1 at v>iance ) ! g5]al w2      
because1 if x 01 x w\ld n be submitt$   
to4 ,x may be1 inde$1 despotic &        
tyrannical 9 ! highe/ degree1 b t is no 
indication t x is contr>y to ! g5]al w2 

x is only an indication t ! g5]al w is  
to be slaves--no unusual occurr5ce among
 m54  ,?is fundam5tal pr9ciple (        
,montesquieu z to ! p]petual &          
in]adicable influ5ce ( race1 climate1 & 
physical circum/ances1 9 =m+ national   
"*1 & m\ld+ national in/itutions1 is    
unque/ionably ! true doctr9e on !       
subject1 ?\gh probably sev]al g5]ations 
mu/ pass away1 & an incalculable am\nt (
 suff]+ be endur$ by mank9d1 be=e x is  
g5]ally admitt$4 ,c\pl$ ) ! c>d9al po9t 
( ! ,*ri/ian fai?1 ! inh]5t & univ]sal  
corruption ( ! human he>t1 x =ms ! only 
f\ndation ( a salut>y or durable        
gov]nm5t4 ,decisive pro( ( ?is may be   
f\nd 9 ! fact1 t ! revolution>y p>ty1   
all ! _w ov]1 ma9ta9 directly ! rev]se2 
viz4 t free political in/itutions1 &    
g5]al education1 are all 9 all2 & t1 if 
e/abli%$1 ! native virtue ( ! human he>t
 af=ds a suffici5t gu>antee = g5]al     
happ9ess4 ,montesquieu's pr9ciples lead 
to ! conclusion t all re=m &            
amelioration ( exi/+ in/itutions1 to be 

ei!r durable or b5eficial1 mu/ be m\ld$ 
on ! old prec$5ts1 & deviate z little z 
may be1 & t only f obvi\s necessity or  
exp$i5ce1 f !m4 ,!y utt]ly repudiate all
 transplantation ( con/itutions1 or =c+ 
^u "o p ! in/itutions or privileges (   
ano!r4 ,!y po9t to exp]i5ce z ! great & 
only sure guide 9 social or political   
*ange1 & = ! obvi\s reason1 t x alone c 
tell :at has be5 f\nd to be suitable to 
! circum/ances1 & adapt$ to ! "* &      
wants1 ( ! nation among :om x has tak5  
place4 ,x is n t our ance/ors 7 9 ! lea/
 wis] ?an we are2 d\btless !y did _m    
fooli% ?+s1 z we d4 ,x is t "t has      
consign$ _! fooli% ?+s1 :e!r laws or    
measures1 to ! grave2 & no?+ has desc5d$
 to our "t b ^? in/itutions :i* h be5   
f\nd to be b5eficial 9 _! t5d5cy4 ,!    
portions ( our pres5t legislation :i*   
are suitable to ! c\ntry1 w 9 l mann]   
desc5d to po/]ity1 & ! folly & absurdity
 w 9 a few g5]ations be he>d ( no m4  ,x
 has be5 already rem>k$1 t ! ,gr&eur et 
,dcad5ce des ,roma9s is a m complete1 & 

9 "s respects pr(\nd "w1 ?an ! ,esprit  
des ,loix4 ,a few quotations w ju/ify1 x
 is ?\ght1 ?is high eulogium--       ,! 
circum/ance ( all o!rs :i* contribut$   
mo/ to !      ultimate greatness (      
,rome1 0 ! long-cont9u$ w>s 9      :i*  
its p 7 e>ly involv$4 ,! ,italian p _h  
no      ma*9es = conduct+ sieges2 & 9   
addition to ?is1 z !      soldi]s e :]e 
s]v$ )\t pay1 x 0 impossible to         
reta9 !m long be=e a =tifi$ t[n2 ?us few
 ( _! w>s      7 decisive4 ,!y f\ght = !
 pillage ( a camp1 or !      booty ( !  
fields1 aft] :i* victors & vanqui%$     
retir$      alike into _! respective    
cities4 ,x 0 ?is circum/ance      :i*   
occasion$ ! long resi/ance ( ! ,italian 
cities1 &1      at ! same "t1 ! ob/9acy 
( ! ,romans 9 _! endeav\rs      to      
subjugate !m2 x 0 t :i* gave !m         
victories :i*      did n en]vate1 &     
conque/s :i* left !m _! pov]ty4      ,_h
 !y rapidly conqu]$ ! neighb\r+ cities1 
!y w\ld      h arriv$ at _! decl9e be=e 
! days ( ,pyrrhus1 ( !      ,gauls1 & ( 

,hannibal2 &1 foll[+ ! de/9y ( all !    
nations 9 ! _w1 !y w\ld too quickly h   
gone ?r\gh      ! transition f pov]ty to
 ri*es1 & f ri*es to                    
corruption4--,c4 #a4   ,:at a subject = 
reflection is pres5t$ 9 ?is s+le        
p>agraph6 ,rome1 )\t any k ( siege      
equipage1 ?r[n 9 ! mid/ ( ! ,italian    
/ates bri/l+ ) /rongholds2 & sl[ly      
le>n+1 dur+ c5turies ( indecisive1 & (t5
 calamit\s conte/s1 t milit>y art by :i*
 %e 0 aft]w>ds to subdue ! _w6 ,x 0 9 l 
mann]1 9 ! long1 bloody1 & ne>ly balanc$
 conte/s ( ! ,grecian republics ) ea*   
o!r1 t ! discipl9e 0 le>n$ :i* gave     
,alex&] & ! ,mac$onian phalanx ! empire 
( ,asia2 & 9 ! protract$ /ruggles ( !   
,anglo-,saxons1 fir/ ) ea* o!r 9 !      
,hept>*y1 & !n ) ! ,danes & ,normans 9  
def5ce ( _! coa/s1 t ! f\ndation 0 laid 
( ! en]gy & p]sev]ance :i* h giv5 !     
,briti% race _! pres5t em95ce & dom9ion 
among m54       ,x has be5 (t5 obs]v$1  
says ,montesquieu1 t our armies         
g5]ally melt away "u ! fatigue ( !      

soldi]s1 :ile      ^? ( ! ,romans nev]  
fail$ to pres]ve _! heal? by x4      ,! 
reason is1 t _! fatigues 7 cont9u$2     
:]eas our      soldi]s are de/roy$ by   
pass+ f a life ( almo/ total            
inactivity to "o ( vehem5t ex]tion--! ?+
 ( all o!rs      mo/ de/ructive to      
heal?4 ,n only 7 ! ,roman soldi]s       
accu/om$1 dur+ w>1 to incessant m>*+1 & 
=tify+ (      ! camps1 b 9 peace !y 7   
daily tra9$ to ! same      active       
habits4 ,!y 7 all habituat$ to ! milit>y
 /ep1      t is1 to g tw5ty miles1 &    
sometimes tw5ty-f\r1 9 five      h\rs4  
,!y did ?is be>+ burd5s ( sixty p\nds4  
,!y 7      daily tra9$ to run & leap )  
_! :ole equipm5t on2 9      _! ord9>y   
drills ! swords1 javel9s1 & arr[s 7 ( a 
weight d\ble ( t us$ 9 w>1 & ! ex]cises 
7      cont9u$4--,c4 #b4   ,!re c be no 
d\bt t ?is passage bo? expla9s mu* ( !  
a/oni%+ conque/s ( ! ,roman legions1 &  
furni%es ample subject = reflection to a
 mod]n obs]v]4 ,! con/ant employm5t ( ^!
 troops 9 ! con/ruction ( great public  

works1 z highways1 bridges1 h>b\rs1 or !
 l1 0 at once ! be/ security = ! heal? (
 ! soldi]s & ! circum/ance1 ( all o!rs1 
:i* r5d]$ _! ma9t5ance tol]able to ! p4 
,if we exam9e ! inscriptions f\nd 9 all 
p>ts ( ! _w1 :]e ,roman rema9s are to be
 met )1 we %all f9d t !y 7 rais$ by !   
h&s ( ! legions4 ,x 0 _! p]sev]+ &      
incessant toil :i* =m$ ! magnific5t     
highways1 :i*1 emanat+ f ! ,roman ,=um1 
ext5d$ to ! fur!/ extremity ( ! empire4 
,! prodigi\s lab\r requir$ = ^! great   
und]tak+s2 ! va/ bridges & viaducts :i* 
requir$ to be con/ruct$2 ! m\nta9s to be
 levell$2 morasses & valleys to be fill$
 up1 habituat$ ! legion>y soldi]s to su*
 an am\nt ( daily lab\r1 t _! engag+ 9 !
 fatigues ( a campaign 0 felt r z a     
recreation ?an a burd54 ,h5ce1 !        
dreadful sickness :i* 9 mod]n armies    
inv>iably att5ds ! comm5cem5t ( a       
campaign1 & 9 g5]al halves its num]ical 
/r5g? be=e a sword has be5 drawn1 0 = ! 
mo/ "p unkn[n1 & h5ce1 too1 !           
extraord9>y a*ievem5ts p]=m$ by small   

bodies ( ^! iron vet]ans4 ,h[ great !   
diff]5ce 9 mod]n times1 :]e ! naval &   
milit>y =ces are e :]e kept up dur+     
peace 9 almo/ total idl5ess2 & !        
consequ5ce is1 t !y are at once an      
eyesore to ! citiz5s ^: sub/ance !y     
consume 9 :at is deem$ useless          
o/5tation1 & are depriv$ ( half _!      
num]ical /r5g?1 & m ?an half _!         
effici5cy1 on fir/ engag+ 9 ! fatigues (
 real w>f>e4  ,no prov9ce hails !       
arrival ( a mod]n division ( troops1 no 
seaport longs = ! pres5ce ( a man-(-w>1 
z ! signal = ! comm5cem5t ( great &     
b5efic5t pacific und]tak+s1 z 0 ! case 9
 ! ,roman empire4 ,( :at incalculable   
use might ! ,briti% navy be1 if ev5 a "p
 ( x 0 employ$ 9 transport+ ! hundr$    
?\s& coloni/s :o annually seek 9 our    
di/ant possessions1 or 9 ! ,am]ican     
,/ates1 t pr(itable m>ket = _! indu/ry1 
:i* !y _c f9d amid/ our cr[d$           
manufactories at home8 ,& ?is is an     
in/ance ( ! mann] 9 :i* ! reflections ( 
,montesquieu1 ?\gh made 9 ref]5ce only  

to ! ,roman empire1 are 9 tru?          
applicable to all ages & c\ntries2 z !  
p>ables 9 ! ,gospels1 ?\gh deliv]$ only 
to ! fi%]m5 ( ,judea1 conta9 ! rules (  
conduct = ! human race to ! end ( ! _w4 
,reg>d+ ! comp>ative causes ( corruption
 9 a milit>y & comm]cial /ate1          
,montesquieu makes ! foll[+ obs]vation4 
,let him t feels x n applicable to ?is  
nation & ourselves1 ?r[ ! fir/ /one3--  
,c>?age hav+ become ri*] ?an ,rome1 0   
also m      corrupt$4 ,= ?is reason1    
:ile at ,rome public employm5ts      7  
*iefly aw>d$ to ability & virtue1 &     
conf]r$ no      advantage1 b a great]   
%>e ( fatigues to be endur$1 &          
dang]s incurr$1 e ?+ :i* ! public _h to 
be/[ 0      sold at ,c>?age1 & e s]vice 
r5d]$ by individuals 0      paid by !   
/ate4 ,! tyranny ( a pr9ce does n br+ a 
despotic /ate ne>] its ru9 ?an          
indiff]5ce to ! public      good does a 
republic4 ,! advantage ( a free /ate    
consi/s 9      ?is1 t its rev5ues are 9 
g5]al bett] adm9i/]$2 &      ev5 :]e ?is

 is n ! case1 x has at fir/ ! advantage 
(      n be+ gov]n$ by c\rt fav\rites4  
,b1 on ! o!r h&1      ! corrupt+ p[] 9 a
 democracy1 :5 once br\ght into         
action1 erelong becomes m dissolv+ ?an 9
 a despotism2 =      in/ead ( pay+ c\rt 
m]ely to ! fri5ds & relations (      !  
pr9ce1 x becomes necess>y to provide = !
 fri5ds &      relations ( ! multitude  
:o h a %>e 9 political p[]4      ,all is
 !n lo/4 ,! laws are elud$ 9 a m dang]\s
 mann]      ?an by ! viol5ce ( a despot2
 = !y are s by !      int]e/s ( ! *ang+ 
_m1 n ! passions ( "o1 ^:      position 
at ! head ( ! /ate be+ fix$ &           
un*angeable1      gives him a la/+      
int]e/ 9 its pres]vation4--,c4 #d4   ,h[
 _m reflections does ?is passage1 writt5
 9 ,france above a c5tury ago1 awak5 9 !
 brea/ ( a ,briti% citiz5 at ?is        
"t6--,si monum5tum quris1 circumspice6  
,s true x is1 t real political tru?     
belongs to no age or locality--non alia 
,rom1 alia ,a!nis2 x is ( et]nal        
application1 & is de/9$ to receive      

confirmation f ! exp]i5ce ( m51 & !     
lessons ( hi/ory1 to ! end ( ! _w4      
,p[]s1 says ,montesquieu1 :i* owe _!    
greatness to      comm]ce1 may exi/ long
 9 m$iocrity1 b _! gr&eur c      nev] be
 ( long duration4 ,! reason is1 t !y    
rise to      greatness by little &      
little1 )\t any "o be+ aw>e (      _!   
gr[?1 z !y h done no?+ :i* attracts     
att5tion1      awak5s al>m1 or indicates
 _! p[]4 ,b :5 x has ris5 to      t     
po9t1 t no "o c avoid see+ x1 all !     
surr\nd+      nations secretly endeav\r 
to deprive ! great comm]cial /ate      (
 advantages :i* !y all envy1 & :i* h    
tak5 !m1 z      x 71 by surprise4--,c4  
#d4   ,few p]sons :o contemplate !      
pres5t /ate ( ! ,briti% empire1 its     
a/oni%+ rise to greatness 9 ! space (   
less ?an a c5tury--! g5]al1 x may be    
said univ]sal jeal\sy ) :i* x is reg>d$1
 & ! p]il\s p9nacle on :i* x n[ /&s1 w  
d5y ! ju/ice ( ?is obs]vation4 ,may !   
rem>k1 z to ! %ort duration ( p[] f\nd$ 
on su* a basis1 n receive an additional1

 & ev5 m memorable confirmation 9       
ourselves6 ,b "o ?+ is p]fectly cle>4   
,?is rem>k indicates ! impossibility (  
conciliat+ ! adjo9+ & poor] /ates :ile  
our comm]cial sup]iority cont9ues1 & ?us
 /rikes at ! v f\ndation ( ! reciprocity
 sy/em1 on :i* our :ole comm]cial policy
 = ! la/ qu>t] ( a c5tury has be5 f\nd$4
 ,t sy/em proce$s on ! pr9ciple1 t by   
op5+ to ! adjo9+ /ates a fair           
communication ( advantages1 x is 9 ! p[]
 ( a great comm]cial /ate1 n only to    
conciliate _! good-w1 b obta9 ) !m a    
great & mutually b5eficial m]cantile    
int]c\rse4 ,montesquieu's obs]vation    
po9ts to ! undy+ & univ]sal jeal\sy by  
its neighb\rs ) :i* su* a p[] is ev]    
surr\nd$1 & ! futility ( all attempts1  
:ile its sup]iority exi/s1 to av]t _!   
m]cantile ho/ility1 or pres]ve ) !m any 
consid]able comm]cial traffic4 ,:i* is !
 bett] option1 let ! h$ge ( ho/ile      
t>iffs ) :i*1 aft] b\ndless concessions 
to pur*ase comm]cial good-w1 we are     
surr\nd$ 9 e direction1 give ! answ]4   

,on ! comp>ative value ( infantry &     
cavalry 9 w>1 ,montesquieu1 ?\gh no     
pr(essional soldi]1 makes ! foll[+      
obs]vation1 on :i* ^? :o are s1 w\ld d  
well to pond]3--       ,! ,c>?ag9ian    
cavalry 0 sup]ior to t ( ! ,romans1 =   
two reasons4 ,"o 01 t ! ,numidian &     
,spani% horses 7      bett] ?an ^? (    
,italy2 ! o!r1 t ! ,roman cavalry 0     
ill arm$2 = ,polybius tells u1 t x 0 n  
till !y _h      c>ri$ on w> 9 ,greece1 t
 !y *ang$ _! mann] (      equipp+ t limb
 ( milit>y /r5g?4 ,9 ! fir/ ,punic      
w>1 ,regulus 0 beat z soon z !          
,c>?ag9ians made *oice (      pla9s =   
combat1 :]e _! cavalry c\ld act to      
advantage2 9      ! second1 ,hannibal   
ow$ to ! ,numidian horse 8 pr9cipal     
victories4 ,x 0 n till :ole corps ( !m  
began to g ov]      to ! ,romans 9      
,italy1 t ! latt] began to brea!4       
,scipio      hav+ conqu]$ ,spa91 &      
contract$ an alliance )      ,mas9issa1 
depriv$ ! ,c>?ag9ians ( t advantage4 ,he
 did      m1 he ga9$ x = himself4 ,x 0 !

 ,numidian cavalry :i*      ga9$ !      
battle ( ,zama1 & t]m9at$ ! w> 9 fav\r (
      ! ,romans4--,c4 #d4   ,x is       
impossible to read ! admirable acc\nt ( 
,hannibal's campaign 9 ! la/ volume (   
,arnold's ,hi/ory ( ,rome1 )\t p]ceiv+ t
 ?is obs]vation1 z to ! decisive effect 
( ! ,numidian cavalry ^u ! =tunes ( !   
w>1 9 fir/ giv+ victory to ! ,c>?ag9ians
 :5 !y 7 entirely on _! side1 &         
gradually1 & at l5g? decisively re/or+ x
 to t ( ! ,romans1 :5 !y 7 won ov] to _!
 eagles1 is entirely well-f\nd$4        
,napoleon 0 ( ! same op9ion1 & has      
repeat$ly express$ x 9 v>i\s p>ts ( 8   
works4 ,give me1 said t great man1 !    
,fr5* infantry & ! ,mameluke horse1 & ,i
 w conqu] ! _w4 ,x 0 8 con/ant          
affirmation t cavalry1 equally brave &  
skillfully l$1 %\ld always1 o!r ?+s be+ 
equal1 ov]?r[ infantry2 & t ! contr>y   
op9ion :i* g5]ally prevails1 0 ow+ to   
horse1 consid]$ z ! sole /r5g? ( w> dur+
 ! feudal ages1 hav+ be5 unduly decri$  
s9ce ! inv5tion ( fire-arms4 ,all ! _w  

kn[s ! imm5se use he made ( 8 heavy     
cavalry 9 all 8 campaigns2 h[ (t51 9    
circum/ances ! mo/ critical1 x *a9$     
victory to 8 /&>ds2 h[ ne>ly x          
re-e/abli%$ 8 affairs1 & replac$ !      
imp]ial cr[n ^u 8 head on ! field (     
,wat]loo4 ,h[ /rik+ a pro( ( human      
sagacity t ! philosophic sage1 9 ! e>ly 
"p ( ! sev5te5? c5tury1 %\ld h div9$ a  
tru? :i* ! rese>*es ( ! hi/orian & !    
exploits ( ! conqu]or 7 to confirm 9 !  
middle ( ! eighte5?6       ,^? :o are   
gov]n$ by a k+1 says ,montesquieu1 are  
less      torm5t$ by envy & jeal\sy1 ?an
 ^? :o live "u an      h]$it>y          
ari/ocracy4 ,! pr9ce is s f> di/ant f 8 
subjects1 t he is r>ely se5 by !m2 he is
 s f> above !m      t no?+ 9 8 situation
 c mortify 8 self-love4 ,b !      nobles
 :o gov]n 9 an ari/ocracy are "u ! eyes 
( all1      & !y are n s elevat$1 b t   
odi\s comp>isons are      made )\t      
ceas+4 ,?us 9 all ages we h se5 ! p     
dete/ _! s5ators1 ?\gh !y frequ5tly love
 _! k+4      ,republics1 :]e bir? conf]s

 no title to p[]1 are 9 t      respect 9
 a bett] situation ?an ari/ocracies2 = !
 p      feel less jeal\sy ( an au?ority 
:i* !y give to :om !y      please1 &    
take f :om !y incl9e4--,c4 #h4   ,h[ _m 
confirmations ( ?is rem>k h ! hi/ory (  
,france dur+ ! ,revolution1 & ( ,engl&  
dur+ ! ,re=m mania af=d$6 ,& ?is af=ds  
an illu/ration ( a tru?1 :i*1 ! m hi/ory
 is /udi$1 w be r5d]$ m app>5t1 viz41 t 
! pr9ciples :i* lie at ! bottom ( !     
greate/ *anges 9 ! political _w1 &      
produce ! mo/ deva/at+ evils to society1
 are 9 reality ! same :i* we see act+ e 
day ar\nd u 9 common life4 ,9 !         
jeal\sies ( ! tea-table1 ! animosities (
 ! m>ket-place1 ! envy ( trade1 we may  
see ! passions work+1 :i*1 infus$ into a
 :ole p1 te> society 9 pieces4 ,x is    
only suppos+ ! same malevol5t or selfi% 
desires work+ 9 e brea/1 direct$ aga9/  
"o object1 & r5d]$ irresi/ible f t v    
multiplication1 & we h ! envy ( ! cot]ie
 trans=m$ into ! fury ( revolution4     
,:oev] w closely obs]ve ! work+ ( t     

ma9spr+ ( human actions--selfi%ness--on 
! society1 :e!r 9 a village1 a city1 a  
c\ntry1 or a metropolis 9 :i* he        
resides1 w h no difficulty 9 disc]n+ !  
real b secret1 & !re=e unobs]v$ spr+ ( !
 greate/ *anges t ev] occur 9 !         
political & social _w4 ,voltaire said ! 
factions at ,g5eva 7 /orms 9 a teacup2  
if any man w /udy ! motion ( wat] 9 a   
teacup1 he w be at no loss to und]/& !  
hurricanes ( ! ,atlantic4  ,on !        
division ( ! ,roman p into c5turies &   
tribes1 :i* 0 ! c>d9al po9t ( _!        
con/itution1 ,montesquieu makes ! foll[+
 important obs]vation3--       ,s]vius  
,tullius 0 ! au?or ( ! fam\s division ( 
!      p into c5turies1 :i* ,livy &     
,dionysius ,halic>nassus      h s well  
describ$4 ,he di/ribut$ an hundr$ &     
n9ety-?ree c5turies into six classes1 & 
put ! :ole l[]      p into ! la/ c5tury1
 :i* s+ly =m$ ! six?      class4 ,x is  
easy to see t t arrangem5t virtually    
exclud$      ! l[] classes f ! suffrage1
 n de jure1 b de      facto4            

,subsequ5tly x 0 agre$1 t except 9 "s   
p>ticul> cases !y %\ld1 9 vot+1 foll[ ! 
division into      tribes4 ,!re 7       
?irty-five ( ^! tribes :o gave ea*      
_! vote3 f\r 7 f ! city1 ?irty-"o f !   
c\ntry4 ,! pr9cipal citiz5s1 be+ all    
rural proprietors1      7 naturally     
class$ 9 ! c\ntry tribes3 ! l[] p      7
 all mass$ toge!r 9 ! f\r urban ones4   
,?is      circum/ance 0 reg>d$1 & )     
reason1 z ! salvation (      ! republic4
 ,appius ,claudius _h di/ribut$ ! l[] p 
among ! :ole tribes1 b ,fabius class$ !n
 aga9 9 ! f\r      urban ones1 & !nce   
acquir$ ! surname ( ',maximus4' ,!      
,c5sors v five ye>s took a survey ( !   
citiz5s1 &      di/ribut$ ! p 9 ! tribes
 to :i* !y legally      belong$2 s t !  
ambiti\s c\ld n r5d] !mselves      ma/]s
 ( _! suffrages1 nor ! p abuse _! own   
p[]4--,c4 #h4   ,! ,romans _h good      
reason = /yl+ ,fabius ,maximus1 :o      
discov]$ ?is way ( prev5t+ ! l[]        
classes1 by _! numb]1 f acquir+ an      
ov]:elm+ sup]iority 9 ! gov]nm5t ( !    

/ate4 ,he a*iev$ z great a good = 8     
c\ntry by s do+1 z by baffl+ ,hannibal  
aft] ! battle ( ,cann4 ,b = t           
circum/ance ! ,roman con/itution w\ld h 
become1 aft] ! *ange ( ,appius          
,claudius1 a m]e prototype ( ! ,am]ican 
democracy2 a gov]nm5t con/antly sway$ by
 a num]ical majority ( ! l[e/ class (   
citiz5s4 ,!re c be no d\bt t ! matt] at 
issue1 9 ?is "q1 is ! mo/ mat]ial :i* c 
engage ! att5tion ( political           
philosoph]s & /atesm5 9 a free c\ntry1 &
 t1 on its det]m9ation1 its ultimate    
fate is entirely dep5dant4 ,s great is !
 numb] ( ! work+-classes 9 e old &      
opul5t community1 comp>$ to ^? :o       
possess ! advantages ( prop]ty & sup]ior
 education1 t no?+ is m c]ta9 ?an t1 if 
! elective fran*ise be widely diffus$1 &
 no mode ( classify+ ! votes1 z at      
,rome1 has be5 discov]$1 ! sway ( a     
num]ical majority ( incompet5t electors 
w1 erelong1 become irresi/ible4 ,c]ta9  
ru9 !n awaits ! /ate4 ,x 0 t :i* ru9$   
,a!ns 9 anci5t1 :i* has de/roy$ ,pol& 9 

mod]n times1 & is fa/ und]m9+ !         
f\ndations ( ! social union 9 ,am]ica4  
,! ,roman me?od ( giv+ e citiz5 a vote1 
b classify+ !m 9 su* a way t ! p>am\nt  
influ5ce ( a m]e num]ical majority 0    
prev5t$1 & ! practical direction (      
affairs 0 ?r[n into ! h&s ( ! bett]     
class ( citiz5s1 ?\gh n free f          
objection1 is ! mo/ p]fect me?od (      
comb9+ univ]sal suffrage 9 ! citiz5s1 ) 
! real direction ( affairs by ^? fitt$  
to conduct !m1 :i* ! wit ( man has ev]  
div9$4  ,9 tru?1 x des]ves consid]ation 
by ^? :o ?9k on human affairs1 & !      
probable =m ( gov]nm5t :i* may be       
expect$ to prevail 9 future among m51   
:e!r univ]sal suffrage is ! real evil to
 be dread$2 & :e!r equality ( suffrage  
is n ! real poison :i* de/roys society4 
,ab/ractly consid]$1 !re is mu* ju/ice 9
 ! plea s con/antly advanc$ by !        
work+-classes1 t be+ memb]s ( !         
community1 & contribut+ to its support  
or opul5ce by _! lab\r1 !y are entitl$  
to a c]ta9 voice 9 ! direction ( its    

affairs4 ,if no "o has a voice at all b 
! sov]eign1 z 9 a despotism1 or no "o   
except a few magnates1 z 9 an           
ari/ocracy1 ! humbl] classes _c compla9 
at lea/ ( inconsi/5cy1 :atev] !y may (  
inju/ice1 if !y are exclud$4 ,b if a va/
 body ( electors1 z 9 ,great ,brita91   
are admitt$1 & /ill ! great bulk ( !    
work+-classes are exclud$1 x is n easy  
to see on :at pr9ciple ! exclusion ( "s 
c be r5d]$ consi/5t ) ! admission (     
o!rs4 ,x des]ves consid]ation :e!r !    
true pr9ciple w\ld n be to give e       
able-bodi$ work+ man1 major & n receiv+ 
p>o*ial relief1 a vote1 b a vote ( mu*  
less weight ?an 8 sup]iors 9            
intellig5ce1 prop]ty1 or /ation4 ,?is   
might be done ei!r z ! ,romans did1 by  
mak+ ! votes be tak5 by c5turies1 &     
class+ all ! votes ( ! poor] electors 9 
a limit$ numb] ( c5turies1 or giv+ ea*  
man a p]sonal vote1 & giv+ ! hold]s (   
prop]ty1 9 addition1 m votes = _!       
prop]ty2 z "o = e p\nd ( direct taxes   
paid4 ,l\is ,,xvi4 propos$ a plan ( ?is 

sort to ,turgot be=e ! ,revolution2 b t 
m9i/]1 deeply embu$ ) ! pr9ciples (     
democracy1 reject$ x2 & ,neck>1 foll[+  
out 8 views1 practically e/abli%$       
univ]sal suffrage4 ,possibly ! plan1 if 
adopt$ & hone/ly c>ri$ into execution1  
might h prev5t$ ! :ole calamities ( !   
,revolution4  ,( ! dang]s ( su* a       
multiplication ( votes1 )\t any         
re/riction1 ,roman hi/ory af=ds a       
memorable example4       ,rome1 says    
,montesquieu1 _h conqu]$ ! _w ) ! aid   
( ! ,italian cities1 &1 9 return1 %e _h 
communicat$ to      !m a great v>iety ( 
privileges4 ,at fir/ !y c>$ little      
= ^! advantages2 b :5 ! rights ( ,roman 
citiz5%ip      0 t ( univ]sal empire1 :5
 no "o 0 any ?+ 9 !      _w if he 0 n a 
,roman citiz51 & ) t little he 0      e 
?+1 ! ,italian p resolv$ to p]i% or     
acquire      t envi$ di/9ction4 ,be+    
unable to atta9 ?is object by           
pray]s & remon/rances1 !y _h rec\rse to 
arms3 ! :ole      allies on ! ,ea/]n    
coa/ ( ! ,p59sula revolt$1 ^? on      ! 

,we/]n side 7 ab\t to foll[ _! example4 
,rome1      oblig$ to combat z x 7 ! h&s
 by :i* x _h conqu]$      ! _w1 0 lo/2 x
 0 ab\t to be r$uc$ to its walls1       
:5 x extricat$ itself f ! difficulty by 
ext5d+ !      privilege to ! allies :o  
_h rema9$ fai?ful1 & %ortly      aft] to
 ! :ole4       ,f t mom5t ,rome ceas$ to
 be a city ( :i* ! p      _h ! same _s1 
! same int]e/1 ! same love ( fre$om1    
! same rev]5ce = ! ,s5ate4 ,! p ( ,italy
 hav+      become citiz5s1 e t[n br\ght 
?i!r its dispositions1 its      sep>ate 
int]e/s1 its dep5d5ce on "s neighb\r+   
protector4 ,! city1 torn ) divisions1   
=m$ no long] a      :ole2 & z ! va/     
majority ( ! citiz5s 7 s only by a      
species ( fiction1 _h nei!r ! same      
magi/rates1 ! same      walls1 ! same   
temples1 ! same gods1 nor ! same places 
(      sepulture1 ,rome 0 no long] se5 )
 ! same eyes2 !      undivid$ love (    
c\ntry 0 gone2 ,rome 0 no m4 ,!         
inhabitants ( :ole prov9ces & cities 7  
br\ght up to !      capital to give _!  

suffrages1 or compel o!rs to give !m2   
! popul> assemblies deg5]at$ into va/   
conspiracies1 a      troop or s$iti\s b&
 usurp$ ! sacr$ "n ( ,comitia2 !        
au?ority ( ! p1 _! laws1 ev5 !mselves1  
became a      m]e *im]a2 & ! an>*y rose 
to su* a po9t t x became      impossible
 to tell :e!r ! p _h made an ord9ance1  
or      _h n4 ,writ]s are nev] tir$ (   
descant+ on ! divisions      :i* ru9$   
,rome2 b !y h n se5 t ^? divisions      
always exi/$1 & ev] mu/ exi/ 9 a free   
community4 ,x 0      solely ! greatness 
( ! republic :i* 0 ! cause ( !          
evil1 by *ang+ popul> tumults into civil
 w>s4 ,faction 0      unavoidable 9     
,rome2 its w>riors1 s fi]ce1 s pr\d1 s  
t]rible abroad1 w\ld n be mod]ate at    
home4 ,to expect 9 a      free /ate m5  
at once bold 9 w>1 & timid 9 peace1 is  
to      look = an impossibility4 ,x may 
be assum$ z a fix$      pr9ciple1 t     
:]ev] y see e "o tranquil 9 a /ate      
:i* be>s ! "n ( a republic1 lib]ty !re  
has be5 long      s9ce ext9ct4--,c4 #i4 

,! repres5tative sy/em has sav$ ,great  
,brita9 & ,am]ica f ^! t]rible popul>   
comitia1 9 :i*1 z ,montesquieu has truly
 said1 ! mobs ( ! p became ! convulsions
 ( an empire2 & :i* tore 9 pieces ,pol& 
9 mod]n1 z x _h done ,rome 9 anci5t     
times4 ,b does n ! real evil exi/1      
despite ?is lib]ation f ! actual tumult1
 9 ! repres5tative gov]nm5t ( a great   
empire1 z mu* z 9 ! /ormy comitia ( an  
ov]gr[n republic8 ,x is n ! m]e /rife 9 
! /reets1 & %$d+ ( blood 9 civil w>f>e1 
bad z x is1 & truly z ! bellum plusquam 
civile exce$s all o!rs 9 horror1 :i* is 
! only evil4 ,! sep>ation ( int]e/s1 !  
disreg>d ( common objects 9 ! /ruggle = 
individual elevation1 ! tyranny ( "o    
class by ano!r class1 is ! ?+ :i* really
 dissolves ! national bonds 9 e         
wide-spread & free community4 ,we see   
?is s\rce ( discord op]at+ ) z mu* =ce 9
 ! divid$ repres5tation ( great popul>  
/ates1 z 9 ! bloody conte/s ( ! ,roman  
=um or ! pla9 ( ,volo 9 ,pol&4 ,!       
nullification ( ,s\? ,c>ol9a1 ! obnoxi\s

 t>iff ( ,am]ica1 ! fi]ce dem&s = !     
repeal ( ! union 9 ,irel&1 ! sacrifice (
 agricultural & produc+1 to comm]cial & 
moni$ int]e/s 9 ,great ,brita91 prove t 
^! evils are 9 full op]ation among      
ourselves1 z well z our desc5dants on ! 
o!r side ( ! ,atlantic4 ,!re is a       
confusion ( tongues1 & sep>ation (      
mank9d f ! undue amalgamation ( int]e/s1
 z well z individuals4 ,provid5ce has a 
sure way to puni% ! selfi%ness &        
presumption ( m5 :o seek to build up a  
,babel ( human con/ruction2 & t is to   
leave !m to ! consequ5ces ( _! own      
extravagance4  ,! /yle ( ,montesquieu   
may be judg$ f ! extracts1 few &        
imp]fect z !y are1 giv5 9 ! prec$+      
pages4 ,x is n vehem5t1 eloqu5t1 or     
=cible2 b cond5s$1 n]v\s1 &             
epigrammatic4 ,no writ] has furni%$ to  
succe$+ times s _m brilliant passages to
 quote2 b !re are _m :o c be read en    
suite ) m satisfaction4 ,?is is n       
unfrequ5tly ! case ) writ]s on          
philosophical subjects ( ! highe/ class 

( intellect2 & x arises f ! v>iety &    
orig9ality ( _! ideas4 ,! m9d ( ! read] 
is fatigu$ by foll[+ out ! multitude (  
?\ghts :i* _! works eng5d]4 ,at ! close 
( e p>agraph almo/1 y involunt>ily close
 ! book1 to reflect on ! subjects (     
m$itation :i* x has pres5t$4 ,! same    
peculi>ity may be rem>k$ 9 ! annals (   
,tacitus1 ! essays ( ,bacon1 ! poetry ( 
,milton1 ! ,inf]no ( ,dante1 ! ,discorsi
 ( ,ma*iavel4 ,9 ! habit ( expansion :i*
 has aris5 9 m rec5t times f !          
multiplication ( books1 ! pr(its made by
 writ+1 & ! necessity ( satisfy+ ! crav+
 ( a voraci\s public = some?+ new1 is to
 be f\nd ! cause ( ! rem>kable diff]5ce 
9 ! modes ( composition :i* has s9ce    
become preval5t4 ,:5 m5 write = ! mon?ly
 or qu>t]ly press1 !re is no "t to be   
cond5s$ or pr(\nd4 ,:at has be5 ga9$1   
h[ev]1 9 animation & f]v\r1 has too (t5 
be5 lo/ 9 ?\ght2 & x may be d\bt$ :e!r1 
among ! _m writ]s ( ! pres5t day1 :e!r 9
 ,great ,brita9 or ! ,cont95t1 !re is "o
 ^: works1 a c5tury h5ce1 w be deem$ to 

conta9 z mu* ( orig9al & valuable ideas 
z ev5 ! prec$+ sket*1 imp]fect z x is1  
has pres5t$ 9 ,montesquieu4     ,a      
,,rem9isc5ce ,,( ,,boyhood4  ,by ,delta4
      ,life is a dream1 ^: seem+ tru?   
,is moraliz$ 9 age & y\?2     ,:5 all ! 
com=ts man c %>e     ,z w&]+ z 8 fancies
 are3     ,till 9 a mi/ ( d>k decay     
,! dream] vani% q away4                 
,bi%op ,k+4                             
,i4      ',twas a bli! morn+ 9 ! aureate
 mon?     ,( ,july1 :51 9 pride ( summ] 
p[]1     ,! sun enliv5'd nature3        
dew-bespr5t1     ,a wild]ness ( fl[]s _!
 sc5t exhal$     ,into ! s(t1 w>m       
zephyr2 e>ly a-foot1     ,on public     
roads1 & by ea* h$ge-way pa?1     ,f !  
f> ,nor?1 & f ,hyb]nia's /r&1     ,)    
ve/ures _m-hu$1 & ceaseless *at1     ,! 
reap]s to ! com+ h>ve/ pli$--     ,fa!r 
& "m1 /ripl+ & "y *ild1     ,on back or 
%\ld] borne4 ,i trode aga9     ,a sc5e (
 y\?1 bright 9 its natural l9es     ,ev5
 to a /rang]'s eyes :5 fir/ "t se51     
,b sanctifi$ to m9e by _m a fond     ,& 

fai?ful recognition4 ,o'er ! ,esk1      
,swoln by nocturnal %[]s1 ! haw?orn hung
     ,its g>l& ( gre5 b]ries1 & !       
bramble     ,trail'd 'mid ! camomile its
 rip5+ fruit4     ,mo/ lovely 0 ! v]dure
 ( ! hills--     ,a ri* luxuriant gre51 
o'er :i* ! sky     ,( blue1 transluc5t1 
cle> )\t a cl\d1     ,outspread its ar*+
 amplitude s]5e4     ,) _m a gu% (      
music1 f ea* brake     ,sang =? ! *oral 
l9nets2 & ! l>k1     ,asc5d+ f ! clov]  
field1 by fits     ,so>'d z x sang1 &   
dw9dl$ f ! sight4     ',mid ! tall mead[
 grass ! ox recl9$1     ,or b5t 8 knee1 
or f b5ea? ! %ade     ,( ! broad bee*1 )
 rum9ant m\?1 gaz$ =?4     ,ru/l+ )     
weal?1 a tissue ( fair fields1          
,out/ret*'d to left & "r 9 luxury2      
,& ! fir =e/s on ! upl& slopes          
,contra/$ d>kly ) ! gold5 gra94         
,,ii4        ,p5sively by ! riv]'s bank 
,i /ray'd--     ,n[ gaz+ on !           
corn-fields ripe & ri*2     ,n[ li/5+ to
 ! c>ol ( ! birds     ,f bu% & brake1 t 
) melliflu\s notes     ,fill'd ! wide   

air2 & n[ 9 m\rnful ?\ght--     ,t yet 0
 full ( pleasure--runn+ ?r\gh     ,!    
mazy pa/4 ,i "k n h[ x 01     ,b f !    
s\nds--! season--& ! sc5e--     ,s(t5'd 
my he>t2 &1 z ! swall[ w+s     ,9 autumn
 back to s(t] sunni] climes--     ,:5   
summ]1 l a bright fallaci\s dream1      
,ha? ) its fl[]s & fragrance pass'd     
away--     ,s1 f ! turmoil ( matur]     
ye>s1     ,9 boyi% ?\ghts my _s s\ght   
relief4                       ,,iii4    
,emba!d 9 beauty pass'd be=e my sight1  
,l blossoms t ) sunlight %ut & ope1     
,! half-lo/ dreams ( _m a holiday1      
,9 boyhood sp5t on t blue riv] side     
,) ^? ^: names1 ev5 n[1 z ali5 s\nds    
,r+ 9 ! e>1 ?\gh !n our cordial arms    
,enwrea!d ea* o!r's necks1 :ile on we   
roam'd1     ,s++ or sil5t1 pranksome1   
nev] at re/1     ,z life 7 b a jocund   
pilgrimage1     ,^: pleasant w&]+s f\nd 
a goal 9 heav54     ,b :5 ,i rea*'d a   
w9d+ ( ! /ream1     ,by hazels ov]>*'d1 
^: swoll5 nuts     ,hung 9 ri* clu/]s1 f
 8 m>g9al bank     ,( yell[ s&1 ribb'd  

by rec$+ waves1     ,i sc>$ ! ousel1 t1 
l elf9 sprite1     ,amid ! wat]-lilies  
li! & gre51     ,zig-zagg'd f /one to   
/one2 &1 turn+ r\nd     ,! sudd5 jut1   
reveal'd be=e me /ood1     ,sil5t1 )9 t 
solit>y place--     ,9 t gre5 solitude s
 calm & deep--     ,an ag$ angl]1 ply+  
wi/fully1     ,amid o'erhang+ banks &   
%elvy rocks1     ,f> f ! bu/le & ! d9 ( 
m51     ,8 s9less pa/ime4 ,silv] 7 8    
locks1     ,8 figure lank2 8 d>k eye1 l 
a hawk's1     ,gli/5'd b5ea? 8 hat (    
:ite/ /raw1     ,lightsome ( we>1 )     
flies & gut begirt3     ,! osi] creel1  
a?w>t 8 %\ld]s slung1     ,became full  
well 8 coat ( velvete51                 
,squ>e-tail'd1 f\r-pocket'd1 & worn =   
ye>s1     ,z told by wea!r /a9s4 ,8     
qu>t]-boots1     ,la%'d ) /\t lea!r     
?ongs1 & ankles b>e1     ,spoke !       
adept--& ( full _m a day1     ,?r\gh _m 
a *angeable & *ecqu]'d ye>1     ,by     
m\nta9 torr5t1 or smoo? mead[ /ream1    
,to t calm sport devot$4 ,o'er him      
spread     ,a tall1 broad sycamore2 &1  

at 8 feet1     ,amid ! yell[ ragwort1   
r\gh & high1     ,an undi/urb+ spaniel  
lay1 ^: lids1     ,half-op5+1 told 8    
ma/] my approa*4                        
,,iv4        ,i turn'd away1 ,i c\ld n  
be> to gaze     ,on t grey angl] ) 8 rod
 & l9e2     ,i turn'd away--= to my he>t
 ! sight     ,br\ght back1 f out !      
twilight labyr9?     ,( bypa/ ?+s1 !    
memory ( a day1     ,s sev]'d f ! pres5t
 by ! lapse     ,( _m a motley'd1       
life-de/roy+ ye>1     ,t on my ?\ghts ! 
recognition came     ,fa9tly at fir/--z 
breaks ! timid dawn     ,above ! sea1 or
 ev5+'s e>lie/ />     ,?r\gh ! pavilion 
( ! twilight dim--     ,fa9tly at       
fir/--!n k9dl+ to ! gl[     ,( t        
refulg5t sun%9e1 only kn[n     ,to      
boyhood's c>eless & uncl\d$ h\rs4       
,v4        ,ev5 yet ,i feel ar\nd my    
he>t ! flu%     ,( t calm1 w9dless      
morn+1 glorifi$     ,) summ] sun%9e     
brilliant & int5se6     ,a t9y boy1     
sc>cely t5 summ]s old1     ,along blue  
,esk1 "u ! :isp]+ trees1     ,& by !    

crumbl+ banks1 daisy-o'ergr[n1     ,a   
cl\dless1 livelong day ,i trode ) "o    
,^: s\l 0 9 8 pa/ime1 & ^: skill     ,^u
 its %ores t day no equal saw3--        
,o'er my small %\ld]s 0 ! wick] creel   
,slung pr\dly1 & ! net ^: me%es held    
,! m9n[1 f ! %all[s deftly rais$4       
,h\r aft] h\r augm5t+ our success1      
,turn'd :at 0 pleasure fir/1 to pleasant
 toil1     ,l5t languor to my loit]+    
/eps1 & gave     ,r$ to ! *eek1 &       
dew-damp to ! br[3     ,x 0 a day t _c  
be =got--     ,a jubilee 9 *ildhood's   
cal5d>--     ,a gre5 hill-top se5 o'er !
 bill[y wa/e     ,( dim oblivion's      
flood3--& s x is1     ,t on my morn+    
c\*--:at "t ! sun     ,t+es !           
honeysuckle fl[]s ) gold1     ,t clu/]  
r\nd ! por*--& 9 ! calm     ,( ev5+     
m$itation1 :5 ! pa/     ,spontane\sly   
unfolds ! treasuries     ,( half-=gott5 
& fragm5tal ?+s1     ,to memory's       
ceaseless roam+s--x comes back1         
,fragrant & fre%1 z if 'tw]e ye/]day4   
,f morn till noon1 8 light assidu\s toil

     ,! angl] pli$2 & :5 ! mid-day sun  
,0 high 9 heav51 "u a spread+ tree1     
7,me?9ks ,i he> ! hum amid its leaves67 
,^u a c\* ( wild-fl[]s1 d[n we sat      
,) heal?ful palates to our slight repa/ 
,( biscuits1 & ( *eese1 & bottl$ milk2  
,! sw>d our table1 & ! b\ghs our ro(3   
,& oh6 9 banquet hall1 :]e ri*e/ cates  
,luxuri\s woo ! pamp]'d appetite1       
,nev] did vi&s pr(f] su* delight1       
,to ,syb>ite ^u 8 silk5 c\*1     ,z did 
to u our simple fair t day4             
,,vi4        ,bright %one ! aft]noon1   
say r burn'd1     ,9 floods ( molt5     
gold1 ) all its ri*     ,array (        
blossoms by t riv]'s side--     ,wild   
camomile1 & ly*nis 9 ^: cups     ,! bee 
delights to murmur1 h>ebells blue1      
,& violets brea?+ fragrance2 nor remote 
,! aureate furze1 t to ! we/-w9ds sigh1 
,l5t its peculi> p]fume bl&ly s(t4      
,at times we ne>'d ! wild-duck & h]     
brood     ,9 ! f> angle ( "s dim-se5    
pool1     ,sil5t & sable1 und]nea? !    
b\ghs     ,( l[ hung will[2 &1 at times1

 ! bleat     ,( a /ray lamb w\ld bid u  
raise our eyes     ,to :]e x /ood above 
u on ! rock1     ,knee-deep amid !      
broom--a sportive elf4     ,en%r9$ 9    
recollection--sleep ^? h\rs     ,s      
brilliant & s beautiful--! sc5e     ,s  
full ( pa/oral lovel9ess--! he>t     ,) 
pleasure ov]fl[+--& ! sky               
,pavilion'd ov] all1 an ar* ( peace--   
,god ) 8 fair creation reconcil$3     ,&
 oh6 to be =gott5 only )     ,! la/ fond
 ?\ghts ( memory1 ,i behold     ,t gr& &
 gorge\s ev5+1 9 ^: blaze     ,homew>d )
 lad5 pani]s we return'd4     ,?r\gh !  
gre5 woods out%ot ! level rays     ,(   
flood+ sunlight1 t++ ! ho> b>k     ,( ! 
old p9e-trees1 & 9 crimson dyes         
,ba?+ ! wa/e ( fl[]s t sprang b5ea?2    
,x 0 an h\r ( ,p>adise re/or$--     ,ed5
 =? mirror'd to ! view aga91     ,z yet 
ere ,happ9ess =sook its b[]s1     ,or   
s9less creatures own'd ! sway ( dea?4   
,all 0 repose--& peace--& h>mony2     ,!
 flocks ^u ! s(t knolls re/+ lay1       
,or /ray+ nibbl$ at ! pa/ures gre52     

,up f its clov]y lurk+-place1 ! h>e     
,arose2 ! pheasant f ! coppice /ray'd2  
,! cony f its hole disport+ leapt2      
,! cattle 9 ! bloomy mead[s lay         
,rum9ant2 ! %y foal sc>cely sw]v$ aside 
,at our approa* f "u ! tall tree     ,( 
8 delight1 %ak+ 8 =elocks long     ,9   
wanton play2 :ile1 ov]head1 8 hymn1     
,z 'tw]e to h]ald ! approa* ( night1    
,) all h] ga!r+ />s1 ! blackbird sang   
,melodi\sly1 melliflu\sly1 & ,e>?       
,look'd up1 reflect+ back ! smiles (    
,heav56     ,= ,innoc5ce1 o'er hill &   
dale aga9     ,seem'd to h spread h]    
mantle1 & ! voice     ,( all b joy 9    
grove & glade 0 hu%'d4                  
,,vii4        ,?ro' ! deep gl5 (        
,rosl9--:]e arise     ,pr\d ca/le &     
*apelle ( high ,/ ,clair1     ,&        
,scotl&'s pr[ess speak+--we _h trac$    
,! mazy ,esk by cav]n'd ,haw?ornd51     
,p]*'d l an eagle's ne/ ^u ! cliffs1    
,& eloqu5t = aye ) ,drummond's song--   
,?r\gh ,melville's fl[]y glades--& d[n !
 p>k     ,( fair ,dalkei?1 sc>+ !       

antl]'d de]     ',nea? ! huge oaks (    
,morton & ( ,monk1     ,:isp]+1 z /ir _!
 b\ghs ! midnight w9ds4     ,^! left    
beh9d1 ) purpl+ ev5+1 n[     ,we /ood   
beside ,/ ,mi*ael's holy fane1     ,)   
its n9e c5turies ( grave/ones girt2     
,&1 f ! slopes ( ,inv]esk1 gaz$ d[n     
,^u ! ,fri? ( ,=?1 ^: waveless tide     
,gl['d l a pla9 ( fire4 ,9 maje/y1      
,o'ercanopi$ ) _m-ve/ur$ cl\ds1     ,!  
mighty sun1 l[ 9 ! f>!/ we/1     ,) orb 
dilat$1 o'er ! ,grampian *a91           
,m\nta9 up-pil$ on m\nta91 huge & blue1 
,0 %$d+ 8 la/ rays1 adorn'd ! %ores     
,( ,fife1 ) all its t[ns1 & woods1 &    
fields1     ,& ba?+ ,b5-,ean &          
,b5-,l$i's peaks     ,9 hues ( ame?y/4  
,ray aft] ray1     ,f ! tw9 ,lomond's   
conic heights decl9$1     ,& di$ away ! 
glory2 &1 at l5g?1     ,z sank ! la/1 l[
 horizontal beams1     ,& ,twilight drew
 h] azure curta9s r\nd1     ,f out !    
s\?1 tw9kl$ ! ,ev5+ />6                 
,,viii4        ,s9ce !n full (t5 ha? !  
sn[-drop %[n     ,its e>ly fl[]--ha?    

summ] wav$ its corn--     ,ha? autumn %$
 its leaves--& ,arctic gales     ,br\ght
 w9try desolation on _! w+s6     ,:5    
,memory pond]s on t boyi% sc5e1         
,brok5 seems almo/ e tie t l9ks     ,t  
day to ?is--& to ! *ild ! man3     ,! _w
 is alt]'d q 9 all its ?\ghts--     ,9  
all its works & ways--its sights &      
s\nds--     ,) ! same "n x is ano!r     
sph]e1     ,& by ano!r race inhabit$4   
,! old famili> dwell+s1 ) _! trees      
,coeval1 m\ld]+ wall1 & dovecot r5t--   
,! old famili> faces f ! /reets1     ,"o
 aft] "o1 h n[ all disappe>'d1     ,&   
sob] sires are !y :o !n 7 sons1         
,giddy & gay3--a g5]ation new           
,dwells :]e !y dwelt--^: tongues are    
sil5t q--     ,^: bodily =ms are        
rem9isc5ces     ,fad+3--! lead5 talisman
 ( ,tru?     ,ha? dis5*ant$ ( its ra9b[ 
hues     ,! sky1 & robb'd ! fields (    
half _! bloom4     ,i />t1 to conjure f 
! gulf ( dea?     ,! myriads t h gone to
 come no m3--     ,& :]e is he1 !       
,angl]1 by ^: side     ,t livelong day  

delight$ly ,i roam'd1     ,:ile life to 
bo? a sunny pa/ime seem'd8     ,ask ( ! 
w9ds t f ! ,atlantic bl[1     ,:5 la/ !y
 /irr'd ! wild-fl[]s on 8 grave6        
,,de ,,burt9 ,,on ,,pictures4   ,!      
writ+s ( en?usia/s1 h[ev] dry ! subjects
 ^u :i* !y employ _! p5s1 h always "s   
p[] ( fasc9ation4 ,_m a "o :o has nev]  
hook$ a fi%1 has f\nd delight 9 ,isaac  
,walton4 ,he is /ill ! pleasant         
companion by riv] & brooklet1 & ! cause 
:y1      ,he t has fi%+ lov$ %\ld fi% ! 
m1     ,& he %\ld fi% :o nev] fi%'d     
be=e4  ,b !n ! subject is ! lovelie/ (  
arts1 ,pa9t+--embrac+ z x does !        
beautiful1 ! great1 & ! pa!tic1 :atev]  
*>ms ! eye & moves ! he>t--we are       
s5sible ( m ?an common pleasure1 &      
become soo!d into dreams & visions ( our
 own1 ev5 by ! g5tle g>rulity ( a       
connoisseur4 ,is !re any "o :o pret5ds  
to acqua9tance ) lit]ature1 h[ev]       
un9itiat$ he may be 9 ! my/]ies ( !     
arts1 :o has n read ! ,disc\rses ( ,sir 
,jo%ua ,reynolds1 & :o has n wi%$1 aft] 

read+ !m1 to be enabl$ to say1 an*e io  
son pittore8 ,:5 we are told ( picture  
gall]ies ) _! ?\s& works ( art1 & are   
w>m$ by ! descriptions1 feeble ?\gh !y  
mu/ be1 ( _m ( !m1 we seem to be sudd5ly
 l$ by a lamp ( m magical p[] ?an       
,aladd9's2 = :at 0 8 gall]y (           
fruit-trees be>+1 preci\s /ones1 to a   
gall]y ri* 9 pictures1 ! /ill bright]   
fruits ( g5ius1 pres5t+ endless v>iety1 
ea* "o almo/ a _w 9 itself1 & all1      
entic+ ! imag9ation into regions        
unb\nd$1 ( *>m & lovel9ess1 sugge/$1    
?\gh n made visible1 b to ! m9d's eye8  
,we rememb] 9 our s*ool days giv+       
,virgil cr$it = mu* tact 9 endeav\r+ to 
make a g5tleman ( neas1 & succe$+ too = 
a :ile 9 rais+ ! m ?an equivocal "* ( 8 
h]o1 by plac+ him 9 ! picture-gall]y ( !
 ,que5 ( ,c>?age1 & giv+ him leisure to 
contemplate & to criticise1 & poetically
 to describe to 8 sil5t & spiritless    
l\ng]-fri5d _m noble & _m t\*+ works4 ,9
 ?is passage we also obta9 ! great ,lat9
 poet's op9ion ( ! ameliorat+ effect (  

collections4 ,! h]o ( ! neid knew       
imm$iately he 0 among an amiable p4 ,!  
picture-gall]y 0 ! nova res oblata :i*  
timorem l5iit--      ,hic primum neas   
sp]>e salutem     ,ausus1 et afflictis  
melius confid]e rebus2     ,namque----  
,x is s+ul> t all ! c\rts ( ,europe h1 =
 m ?an two c5turies1 be5 e>ne/ly engag$ 
9 =m+ public gall]ies1 a national b5efit
 & hon\r :i* ,engl& _h neglect$ ) h]    
great weal?1 & ) opportunities s+ul>ly  
fav\rable1 until )9 a few ye>s2 & ev5 n[
 we are mak+ b v sl[ progress1 & works (
 art ( ! old5 & gold5 "t are becom+ m   
r>e1 & imm5sely ris+ 9 value4 ,_h we1 z 
a nation1 collect$ ev5 fifty ye>s       
ago--speak+ ( ! transactions z a money  
speculation1 9 :i* view1 accord+ to !   
ta/e ( ! day1 we mu/ look at e ?+--our  
pur*ases w\ld n[ h be5 wor? treble !    
fir/ co/ 9 money4 ,! unhappy fate (     
,*>les ,i4 0 mo/ adv]se to ! arts "h4 ,x
 n only scatt]$ ! collection made by    
him1 b1 by ! triumph ( ,puritanism1     
plung$ ! c\ntry fir/ into a dislike (1  

&1 = long subsequ5t p]iods1 into an     
indiff]5ce = art4 ,we ev5 d\bt if ?is   
gross feel+ has altoge!r subsid$4 ,we d 
n yet take a national pride 9 works (   
g5ius1 unless !y imm$iately be> ^u ! art
 ( liv+4 ,no c\ntry is s ri* z ours 9   
private1 & none s poor 9 public         
collections4 ,& if we progress s sl[ly 9
 our ,national ,gall]y1 we c sc>cely    
wond] t public in/itutions ( ! k9d h n  
be5 dream$ ( 9 ! prov9ces4 ,we s9c]ely  
hope t ! movem5t ,mr ,ew>t is mak+ w be 
cr[n$ ) success1 & t 9 "t collections 9 
our cities & t[ns w be ! result4  ,!    
,muse ( ,p>is1 9 #ahdd1 conta9$ upw>ds (
 fifte5 hundr$ pictures4 ,accord+ to !  
catalogue compil$ 9 #agha1 ! ,imp]ial   
,gall]y ( ,vi5na !n conta9$ twelve      
hundr$ & ?irty-f\r4 ,accord+ to !       
catalogue ( #ahci1 ! ,dresd5 gall]y     
conta9$ eighte5 hundr$ & fifty-sev54 ,at
 ,muni*1 ! pres5t k+ has erect$ a       
spaci\s build+1 into :i* he has draught$
 a selection1 f among sev]al ?\s&s1 (   
ab\t fifte5 hundr$4 ,& :at h we done to 

improve ! national ta/e8 ,& /range1     
inde$1 does x appe>1 t :5ev] su* a      
subject is br\ght be=e ! public m9d 9   
,p>liam5t1 x is solely ) a view to !    
connexion ( art ) manufactures4 ,!re mu/
 be 9 ! nature ( ?+s a c]ta9 connexion2 
b unnecess>ily to b9d !m 9 union is to  
b9d !n unnaturally1 & to put ! %ackles  
^u ! high]1 :i* _c be> !m )\t           
degradation4 ,we hail ) great pleasure e
 publication ^: object is to promote a  
love = ! f9e arts2 & m p>ticul>ly ^? :i*
 %[ a due rev]5ce = ! old ma/]s2 =1     
h[ev] unwill+ we may be to limit ! p[] (
 g5ius1 no "o :o has any pret5sions to  
ta/e1 & is ( a cultivat$ m9d1 w d5y t1  
if _! works are n p]fection1 !y are at  
lea/ 9 a "r direction4 ,! novelties :i* 
m mod]n art has s\ght w pass away1 we   
are p]suad$1 z n f\nd$ ^u true          
pr9ciples1 & we %all be/ advance by     
prop]ly appreciat+ :at has be5 done be=e
 u4 ,we w n "h ent] into ! subject ( !  
dcad5ce ( art1 nor its causes4 ,we      
believe t if adequate national &        

prov9cial gall]ies 7 =m$1 m especially  
at our univ]sities1 ! improv$ public    
ta/e w\ld create a dem& :i* ?is c\ntry  
w\ld n lack g5ius to supply4 ,we are n 9
 ! exact condition ( ,italy at ! sudd5  
rise ( art !re4 ,! public1 9 ! days (   
,raffaelle & ,mi*ael ,angelo1 _h no?+1  
or b little to unle>n2 ! previ\s aim _h 
=tunately n be5 v multif>i\s2 ! s5tim5t 
( art 0 "r1 & ! direction true4 ,x      
rema9$ only to enl>ge ! sph]e2 !        
pr9ciples 7 9 be+2 !y requir$ b         
confirmation4 ,grace & p[] naturally    
arose2 = !re 0 no c\nt]act+ education1  
no?+ positively bad altoge!r to lay     
aside1 ?\gh !re 0 some?+ to correct4 ,n[
 ) u1 on ! contr>y1 art has run into v  
/range vag>ies2 ! enl>gem5t ( ! b\nd>ies
 has be5 unlimit$1 b x has be5 9 regions
 f> bel[ ! ,p>nassian ,m\nt4 ,we h talk$
 ( ! ,high ,ideal1 & practis$ & enc\rag$
 ad inf9itum ! ,l[ ,natural1 & too (t5 h
 desc5d$ to ! worse1 ! ,l[ ,unnatural2 s
 t1 ^u ! :ole1 we h to unle>n v mu* be=e
 we c be said to be 9 ! rudim5ts ( ,real

 ,art4 ,let u suppose "o born ) e       
natural end[m5t1 ) imag9ation1 & a p[] (
 imitation4 ,! m9d1 aft] all1 is f$ )   
realities2 !re is 9 x also process (    
dige/ion1 :i* conv]ts ! real into !     
imag9ative4 ,n[1 9 e>ly ye>s1 h[ r>e x  
is t ! naturally end[$ arti/ is n ill   
f$--unheal?y diet ( ! m9d entices him e 
:]e4 ,if 9 ! c\ntry1 he is sp>+ly       
f$--sees little or no?+ ( ,art1 little  
p]haps beyond ! ,sign ( an ,inn--& is   
sc>cely1 f o!r s\rces ( education1      
taught to look ) ! m9d's eye1 ?r\gh !   
undignifi$ appe>ance1 to ! actual       
dignity ev5 ( ! nature he sees3--if he  
has liv$ 9 ! city1 ! ,pr9t %ops are     
inevitable lures to *eat him by little &
 little out ( 8 natural ta/e1 if !re be 
"o2 = at fir/ x c be b a m]e g]m4 ,!    
works ( greatness1 ( goodness1 w be !   
la/ ?+s t he w see2 = seldom inde$ w !y 
be pres5t$ to 8 sight4 ,= ! pure1 !     
sweet1 ! graceful1 ! dignifi$1 he w h   
?ru/ be=e 8 eyes gaudy1 tawdry c>icature
 & grimace2 &1 worse /ill1 p]haps :olly 

vulg> obsc5ities4 ,7 he 9 8 boyhood giv5
 a pres5t 9 ! pictorial l9e1 x w\ld be (
 an ,op]a-danc] or a race-c\rse1 or an  
abom9ation ( ,london l[ life4 ,:at slang
 is to ! e>1 s w\ld x be to ! eye2 & su*
 is 9 n9e cases out ( t5 ! fir/         
education ( ^? aspirants 9 art1 :o1 ere 
!y h unle>n$ any ?+1 set up =           
!mselves--& abuse ! old ma/]s4 ,g5]ally 
speak+1 !y are br\ght up 9 an anti-ideal
 s*ool2 ! p[]s1 !re=e1 t nature has giv5
 !m1 are n only uncultivat$1 b l$ a/ray2
 & simil> education & simil> ta/es 9 !  
public1 f9d !m a m>ket = v l[1 v        
wor?less commodities4 ,we h1 9 fact1 a  
great deal to unle>n4 ,! fir/ /ep ) u   
all1 is1 to unle>n4 ,c\ld we see no?+   
bad x w\ld n be s4 ,t :i* w\ld1 at fir/ 
view1 be ?\ght ! greate/ b5efit to art1 
engrav+1 has b spread ! wid] ! pe/il5ce 
( false ta/e4 ,x is f all ?is ! e>li] & 
great] pa9t]s 7 free4 ,! evil1 h[ev]1   
hav+ once s spread1 is n to be easily   
correct$4 ,bad ta/e has claim$ a        
p]petuity ( copyright4 ,good ta/e mu/   

proce$ f an opposite s\rce1 & "w 9 spite
 ( ! bad4 ,x mu/ come f publications1 j 
criticisms1 lives ( pa9t]s1#d famili>   
treatises on ! pr9ciples ( art2 & m     
especially f national & o!r public      
gall]ies1 to direct att5tion1 & inde$ to
 create a dem& = ^? o!r auxili>y works4 
,p w seek to und]/& & feel t :i* is     
cont9ually put be=e !m4 ,c\ld !y nev]   
see any b f9e productions1 !y w\ld soon 
h a reli% = !m t n[ is impossible2 b by 
little & little1 ! sight ( :at is good w
 create a lik+1 & ! lik+ w soon rea* an 
adoration1 & ! unle>n+ process is       
imp]ceptibly go+ on4 ,corrupt$ z our    
eyes n[ are1 we w\ld v5ture to ass]t1 t 
7 y to (f]1 ei!r 9 pr9ts or orig9als1 to
 boys ( f\r? & fif? =ms at our public   
s*ools1 9 "o h& a vile & gaudy horse &  
jockey1 & 9 ! o!r a pure & lovely       
picture by ,raffaelle1 ! =m] w\ld be    
tak54 ,"h is a lam5table neglect 9      
education2 ! e> mu/ suff] ! prob+ & !   
torture ( metres & v]se-mak+1 b ! eye is
 left ungu>d$1 unprotect$1 to %ift =    

itself1 or to yield to ! fasc9ations !  
fir/ p&] ( evil *ooses to (f]4 ,!       
s*ool-boy might be improv$ at !         
univ]sities2 b !re1 too1 is ! same      
neglect4 ,9 our "t1 x 0 a r>e ?+ to see 
a man's room )\t _m engrav+s2 & t       
suffici5tly %[s h[ mu* a s*ool ( art is 
want$ 9 ^? places1 & :at a hold !y w\ld 
h ^u y\?4 ,b we _c say mu* = ! ta/e ( ! 
productions1 t g5]ally we w n say grac$ 
! walls4 ,we _h hop$ t ! ,taylor beque/ 
w\ld h e/abli%$ at ,ox=d1 n only a      
picture gall]y1 b a pr(essor%ip ( ,pa9t+
 & ,sculpture4 ,a l>ge ,build+ has be5  
erect$2 & we h he>d ( an int5tion to    
remove to x "s rubbi% call$ pictures4   
,if t ?reat be accompli%$1 we %all      
despair ( see+ !m remov$ to give place  
to bett] ?+s4 ,! majority w be satisfi$ 
) see+ walls cov]$1 & look no fur!r4 ,we
 h he>d likewise t "s v valuable        
pictures h be5 (f]$ ^u v fav\rable t]ms 
to ! univ]sity4 ,if !re be among/ any an
 int5tion ( =m+ a gall]y1 we w\ld urge  
!m to use _! be/ endeav\rs to make z    

soon z may be a beg9n+4 ,= e succe$+ ye>
 n only increases ! difficulty 9 obta9+ 
! concurr5ce ( influ5tial p]sons1 b !   
annually ris+ value ( pictures makes    
delay an imprud5ce4 ,besides1 if a      
beg9n+ 7 once made--7 x once %[n t !    
univ]sities are 9 e>ne/--valuable       
beque/s might greatly promote ! great   
object4 ,& ?is is an advantage t admits 
n ( be+ put (f to ! morr[4  ,we h       
digress$ f our purpose1 :i* 0 to        
ackn[l$ge ! pleasure we h receiv$ f !   
pages ( ,m4 de ,burt9's "w2 or we %\ld r
 say1 f ,mr ,:ite's translation4 ,we h  
be5 "s ye>s acqua9t$ ) ! orig9al "w 9   
,fr5*4 ,its value 9 its pres5t =m is n  
less5$ by ! numb] ( ye>s t h pass$      
betwe5 ! orig9al ,fr5* edition & !      
translation2 = g5]al rem>ks on art are (
 all times1 & !re is mu* 9 ! p>ticul>   
in=mation ! volume conta9s1 su* z li/s (
 prices1 & "s o!r matt]s1 f :i* useful  
comp>isons may be n[ made4  ,! au?or v  
mode/ly1 9 8 introduction1 pr(esses n to
 write = arti/s nor accompli%$          

connoisseurs2 yet to su*1 we believe1 ! 
volume1 9 its compress$ =m1 w be ( mo/  
value4 ,he has ! hone/y to confess t he 
has le>n$ 8 connoisseur%ip at "s co/--t 
he has be5 victimiz$ into a k ( art4 ,& 
z ?is is g5]ally ! case ) mo/ collectors
 9 ! beg9n+1 & n unfrequ5tly 9 ! end    
too1 he ?9ks he may be ( "s use to o!rs 
9 %[+ h[ to judge pictures well--:at is 
a good picture2 & n ( ! lea/ value1 h[  
to use x :5 y h x4 ,8 qualification z   
tea*] _c be d5i$2 = he has n only       
collect$1 b travell$ mu*1 visit$ all !  
important collections1 & by comp>+      
picture ) picture1 & /yle ) /yle1 he has
 be5 enabl$ to speak ) accuracy ^u !    
di/+ui%+ m>ks ( s*ools & ma/]s4 ,a      
univ]sal admiration1 a love t w embrace 
all s*ools & all /yles1 is ( v r>e      
atta9m5t1 & p]haps h>dly to be desir$2 =
 e man ( any /r5g?1 ( any fix$ tone (   
"*1 mu/ necess>ily h a bias4 ,& besides1
 "o man naturally receives m p[]fully   
impressions ?r\gh =m1 ano!r ?r\gh col\r4
 ,x is n inconsi/5t t a p]fect          

connoisseur %\ld be equally affect$ by  
bo?2 b ! m9d is n all[$ ! same latitude 
) reg>d to subject2 ! passion w ev] be =
 t :i* is cong5ial2 :atev] is =eign to x
 w receive b a cold & pass+ admiration4 
,we %\ld collect f ! :ole cont5ts ( ?is 
volume1 t ! au?or 0 nev] an en?usia/ic  
admir] ( :at is t]m$ high ,italian art4 
,he seldom dwells ^u ! sublime &        
beautiful4 ,gift$ r ) a complac5t       
acquiesc5ce 9 :at is great1 ?an /irr$ by
 x to any heat ( rapture1 x is probable 
t at lea/ ! sph]e ( 8 pleasures 0       
enl>g$2 & 8 nice s5se ( ! beauty1 t\*1 &
 col\r1 r5d]$ pictures1 ( subjects (    
little int]e/1 m pleas+ to him1 ?an !y  
c\ld be to ! connoisseur ( m exclusive  
ta/e4 ,8 pr$ilection is1 h[ev]1 =       
,col\r2 & we agree ) him1 t )\t ! sci5ce
 ( col\r+1 t s difficult sci5ce1 ab\t   
:i* ! exclusive p>tisans ( ideal beauty 
tr\ble !mselves s little1 _! antiques & 
_! ideal p]fection may produce designs1 
b nev] c pictures4  ,two def9itions are 
laid d[n1 :i*1 z frequ5t ref]5ce is made

 to !m1 we copy4 ,def9ition ( pa9t+--,! 
art ( apply+ col\rs1 )\t relief1 ^u a   
pla9 surface1 s z to imitate any object 
9 ! mann] 9 :i* x is se51 or may be     
conceiv$ visible 9 nature4 ,a good      
picture he def9es to be1 a good *oice ( 
subject well repres5t$4 ,if we knew     
precisely :at is "h meant by nature1 a  
^w us$ by all writ]s on art 9 v v>i\s   
s5ses1 & commonly v vaguely1 we might n 
f9d fault ) ! def9ition2 b g5ius1 :i*   
has      ,exhau/$ worlds1 & !n imag9$   
new1  is n too /rictly to be limit$ to !
 actualities ( ext]nal nature4 ,x is !  
nature ( ! m9d1 "u c]ta9 impulses &     
impressions1 to exagg]ate1 to comb9e f  
memory1 n f sight1 ev5 to ! v]ge ( !    
impossible2 = ev5 ?is extravagance is ! 
product ( human passion1 :i* by its     
nature disda9s common b\nd>ies2 & ?is1 9
 pa9t+1 is especially ! prov9ce (       
,col\r1 :i* may be said to be ! poetical
 language ( art1 & admits diff]5ces ( ! 
same k9d z exi/ betwe5 common spee* &   
poetical & figurative diction4  ,! pa9t]

 z well z poet may col\r some:at highly1
      ,& brea! a br[n] horror o'er !    
woods4  ,critics too (t5 write ( art z  
if x _h only to d ) :at actually exi/s2 
:]eas x is giv5 to x z to poetry to     
make1 to create--all t is requir$ is a  
c]ta9 connexion ) ! real1 sometimes     
exce$+ly slight1 :i* %all be suffici5tly
 delusive = pres5t purpose4 ,! agile m9d
 c pass ov] a deep & =midable *asm ^u a 
sl5d] ?read2 & :5 ov]1 is too mu*       
occupi$ 9 ! new region to turn back &   
measure ! means ( passage4 ,we suspect  
our au?or's view ( nature is too limit$4
  ,^u a good *oice ( subject are "s good
 rem>ks4 ,disgu/+ subjects are ju/ly    
condemn$4 ,x is evid5t t an animal1     
flay$ or emb[ell$1 entrails1 meat raw or
 mangl$1 blood1 excrem5ts1 dea?'s-heads1
 c>casses1 & simil> objects1 if !y /rike
 ^u ! view too mu*1 w be z disgu/+ 9 a  
picture z !y are 9 nature2 & t grimaces1
 hide\s or mon/r\s de=mities1 :e!r moral
 or physical1 w be z %ock+ 9 ! "o z !   
o!r4 ,ev5ts :i* are suffici5tly         

unnatural1 b>b>\s1 & cruel1 to %ake     
viol5tly ! s\l1 & cause x to tremble )  
insurm\ntable horror1 create an         
agitation too frightful = x to resi/1   
mu* less to be pleas$ )4 ,subjects ( s  
bad a *oice1 7:i* ,horace sev]ely       
prohibits f be+ introduc$ ^u ! sc5e17 d 
little hon\r to ! pa9t]4 ,!y become ev5 
m insupportable 9 proportion z !y       
approa* ne>] to reality by ! p]fection (
 _! execution4 ,! translator ?9ks 8     
au?or has /at$ ?is too broadly2 &       
in/ances1 z pictures ( ?is k9d to be    
admir$ = _! tru?1 ,! ,lesson ( ,anatomy1
 by ,rembr&t2 ,prome!us ,dev\r$ by !    
,vulture1 by ,salvator ,rosa2 ,rais+ (  
,laz>us1 by ,seba/ian del ,piombo4 ,( ! 
two fir/ subjects1 we ?9k !y are to be  
condemn$1 if1 9 ! ,prome!us1 ! endur+   
m9d ( ,prome!us be n ! subject4 ,b      
surely ! gr& picture ( ,piombo1 ?\gh x  
is all awful1 has 9 x no?+ disgu/+1 or t
 comes )9 ! condemn$ li/4 ,! "q to be   
ask$ 9 all ^! cases is1 :at is ! object1
 z well z :at is ! subject4 ,is x to    

tea*1 to improve1 to s(t5 ! m9d by human
 love & sympa?y1 or to excite x to a j &
 hopeful indignation1 = !re9 is a s\rce 
( pleasure8 ,! rule ( trag$y %\ld be    
applicable "h4 ,und\bt$ly1 we receive   
pleasure f tragic repres5tations4       
,isolat$1 b>b>ism1 cruelty w\ld be      
intol]ably disgu/+4 ,b 9 e good trag$y1 
!re are always good & lovely *>act]s )  
:om we c sympa?ise4 ,we are bett]$ by   
?us unit+ ourselves ) :at is lovely2 &  
are cont5t to take at second-h&1 & ?us  
feel only 9 a safe degree1 ! di/resses  
to :i*1 z human nature ourselves1 we are
 liable4 ,9 pictur$ repres5tation1      
h[ev]1 we h to gu>d aga9/ ! too vivid1 &
 at ! same "t too p]man5t1 z be+ a fix$ 
expression1 :i*1 by ! art & p[] (       
language1 we are n all[$ to dwell ^u too
 exclusively2 & relief is (f]$ 9 *ange &
 div]sity4 ,!re are "s v judici\s rem>ks
 ^u disgu/+ subjects 9 ,an ,essay on !  
,*oice ( ,subjects 9 ,pa9t+1 read1 we   
believe1 "s ye>s ago1 by ,mr ,duncan1 at
 ! ,in/itution at ,ba?4 ,we rememb] an  

acc\nt 9 ! ,essay ( a v ridicul\s       
burlesque 7x is n int5d$ s to be7 ( "s (
 ! horrific leg5ds ( ! ,italian s*ools4 
,! picture 0 exhibit$ 9 ! *apel (       
,johanna ,s\?cote1 at ,new+ton ,butts1  
ne> ,london4 ,/ ,johanna 0 repres5t$ 9 a
 sky-blue dress1 lead+ ! devil ) a long 
*a91 l a danc+-be>1 surr\nd$ by ador+   
angels4 ,is n ?is d\btful8 ,i add1 t1   
except+ man1 t ,k+ ( ,nature1 ^: head   
pres5ts to a pa9t] ! subject t is mo/   
int]e/+ = "*1 grace1 dignity1 &         
expression ( ! :ole m9d1 ( :i* x is !   
mirror1 no animal1 dead or alive1 af=ds1
 9 any "o "p ( its frame1 :atev] c>e may
 be tak5 9 ! execution1 m ?an a subject 
= a /udy1 or w by any means =m :at c be 
call$ a picture4 ,?is surely is n q     
true4 ,!re is a v f9e picture ( a       
lioness1 dimly se5 at ! m\? ( h] d51 9  
grim repose1 t is v gr&4 ,"o col\r      
p]vades ! :ole--!re is no?+ =c$2 b ! v  
col\r is ( ! /eal?9ess ( ! animal's     
nature2 x is s dim1 t ! animal is n     
/rik+ly discov]able1 b gr[s out ^u !    

sight1 & we feel ! s5se ( dang] ) ! k ( 
security4 ,& surely ?is is ! sublime (  
art4 ,_h ! au?or se5 "s ( ! noble       
animals1 gift$ ) noble *>act]s by       
nature1 & by ! h& ( our ,l&se]1 he w\ld 
h hesitat$ ere he pron\nc$ ?us /rongly4 
,! *oice ( a subject is consid]$ z      
belong+ solely to inv5tion1 irrespective
 ( composition or disposition4 ,! hon\r 
( inv5t+ truly belongs to him ^:        
imag9ation creates all1 or almo/ all1 ( 
new4 ,a di/9ction is made betwe5        
composition & design3 inde$1 accord+ to 
our au?or1 !re are ?ree p>ts (          
inv5tion--composition1 disposition1 &   
design4 ,!re is a repetition ( ! *>ge ( 
disproportion 9 objects1 br\ght aga9/   
,raffaelle1 to :i* we d n implicitly b[4
 ,he is consid]$ z hav+ committ$ two    
/rik+ faults aga9/ nature & l9eal       
p]spective1 9 8 fam\s picture ( !       
,transfiguration1 by ! ridicul\s        
smallness ( 8 ,m\nt ,tabor1 & by !      
disproportionable size ( ! ,*ri/ & ( !  
two ,prophets4 ,b we "q if ! m9d1 9 t   

/ate ( feel+ 9 :i* x beholds a miracul\s
 & altoge!r ov]:elm+ subject1 is n      
necess>ily 9 a condition to ov]/ep !    
actual rules ( nature1 & to receive a   
type ( ?+s = ! reality1 admitt+ ! small 
to /& = ! great4 ,7 x consci\s ( v exact
 =mal tru?1 ! p[] ( ! subject w\ld be   
r$uc$4 ,actual p]spective w\ld h1 9     
,raffaelle's case1 ru9$ ! picture4 ,!re 
0 t boldness ( g5ius :i* ,%akspe>e1 :5 !
 nature ( ! subject requir$ x1 adopt$1  
:i* made ! "o1 leap ov] "t1 & ! o!r1    
space & proportion4  ,"u ! head         
disposition ( ! subject1 !re is a       
some:at unsatisfactory s5t5ce4 ,x       
contributes to ! 'goodness' ( ! picture1
 if x avoid uni=mity & positions t are  
too symmetrical2 if x di/ribute ! light 
well2 if by means ( x ! gr\ps pyramid & 
unite well2 & if x give value to all !  
p>ts ( ! picture by means ( ea* o!r1 9  
su* a mann] z t ! result %all be a      
satisfactory :ole4 ,!re is mu* "h t is  
true2 b !re is some?+ false4 ,& t :i* is
 false 9 x1 has (t5 /rangely misl$      

arti/s 9 _! arrangem5t & gr\p+4 ,!re are
 "s subjects ( a p]fectly symmetrical   
"*2 h[ev] r>e !y may be1 !re are "s4    
,raffaelle1 9 8 c>toon ( deliv]+ ! keys 
to ,pet]1 pa9ts1 z ne>ly z may be1 all !
 apo/les' heads 9 "o l9e4 ,is n ! "* (  
,go?ic ar*itecture symmetrical8 ,pa9t]s 
( ar*itectural subjects v commonly      
ov]look ?is1 & by p]spective diff]5ce   
de/roy ?is ord]ly "*4 ,few make ! c5tre 
! po9t ( sight2 :i* is1 h[ev]1 ! prop]  
"o = repres5tation1 z x alone %[s !     
exact con=mity & ord]1 ! idea ( :i* x 0 
! purpose ( ! ar*itect to pres5t1 & :i* 
con/itutes ! beauty4 ,! pyramid rule is 
manife/ly absurd1 & seldom has ev5 a    
tol]ably good effect4 ,x 0 ! quack]y ( a
 day4#e ,! good ma/]s did n "w ^u x4 ,x 
is1 9 fact1 a little tru? tak5 out ( a  
great]1 & misappli$--a "p ( t circul> "*
 ( composition1 z x 7 a pr9ciple (      
reflection1 by :i* l9es close 9 ^u or   
rec$e f ea* o!r4 ,we h1 9 a =m] pap] 9  
?is ,magaz9e1 treat$ ( ?is pr9ciple--to 
dwell on x n[ w\ld take u f> f our      

purpose4 ,z to ! ability ( all p]sons to
 judge ( ! naturalness ( a picture1 !   
translator d\bts ! correctness ( !      
affirmative op9ion ( 8 au?or4 ,he       
rem>ks1 t x requires consid]able        
practice & exp]i5ce to enable "o to     
judge h[ mu* art c d2 :at is ! exact    
m$ium betwe5 feebl5ess & exagg]ation1   
:i* con/itutes ! all-surpass+ quality ( 
tru?1 ( :i* he decl>es himself a        
p>tisan2 & 9 :at mann] "o pa9t] diff]s f
 or excels ano!r 9 ! repres5tation ( x4 
,x may also be obs]v$1 t p 9 g5]al h    
uncultivat$ eyes1 & see n ! :ole        
beauties ( any "o object2 !y are        
commonly q ignorant ( ideal & s5tim5tal 
beauty1 almo/ :olly aris+ out ( ! p[] ( 
art--! repres5t+ ! imag9ation4 ,x is :5 
su* p]sons are call$ ^u to see nature 9 
a picture1 t !y %[ h[ imp]fect _! sight 
has be54 ,see+ ! repres5tation 9 a      
frame1 !y "k x to be a "w ( art1 &      
g5]ally object to %ad[2 :]eas1 c\ld !y  
see ! picture plac$ at an op5 w9d[ or "s
 deceiv+ position1 !y w\ld be deceiv$4  

,_m1 kn[+ ! int5tion is to deceive !m1  
are ready arm$ ) objections1 :i*1 h[ev]1
 !y make because !y h s\ght !m1 n       
because !y h felt !m4 ,:at we t]m local 
col\r1 is t]m$ by ,m4 de ,burt9 prop]   
col\r2 local col\r he consid]s z ! col\r
 made v>iable by space1 by locality1    
air1 light1 & surr\nd+ bodies4 ,!       
di/9ction may be useful2 b prop] col\r w
 itself be difficult to discov]1 = we   
nev] c see x entirely sep>at$ f "s =eign
 influ5ce4 ,9 a picture x w\ld be p]haps
 be/ to consid] t ! prop] col\r :i* w\ld
 be prop] to ! half-tone1 :e!r modifi$  
by a]ial p]spective or n4 ,he consid]s t
 prop] col\r is n %[n mo/ly 9 objects 9 
! =egr\nd1 = !re ! light :i* de/roys x  
is mo/ p[]ful2 light de/roys prop]      
col\r1 & sub/itutes its own4 ,x is !    
p]fect und]/&+ ( ?is int]e/+ pr9ciple1  
:i* r5d]s ! works ( ,rub5s1 & ( 8 be/   
s*ol>s1 s sup]ior = _! magic tru? (     
col\r4 ,x is ?is :i* expla9s :y !y make 
! col\r ( ! blood to appe> ?r\gh ! f9e &
 transp>5t sk9 ( _! ,flem+s1 p>ticul>ly 

( ! wom51 only 9 proportion z ! effect (
 ! light is lo/ 9 ! retir+ p>ts2 & :y ! 
r$ prevails m 9 ^! p>ts 9 g5]al1 :i* are
 illum9at$ only by a reflect$ light too 
feeble to *ange ! natural col\r4 ,!     
latt] may (t5 be ev5 /r5g!n$ by ! col\r 
( ! object f :i* ! reflect$ light       
proce$s1 :i* happ5s :5 "o fle% "p is    
reflect$ ^u ano!r1 z may be rem>k$ m    
p>ticul>ly t[>ds ! extremities4  ,!     
foll[+ quotation is well wor?           
consid]+--! obs]vation x conta9s is new4
 ,z to ! influ5ce ( light ^u ! local    
col\rs1 "o ( ! pla9e/ pro(s ( x is1 t ! 
col\r ( objects se5 9 broad day1        
dim9i%es 9 =ce ! m t ! sun enlight5s !  
di/ant pla9 on :i* !y are plac$4 ,?is   
obs]vation1 & _m o!r analog\s ones1     
conv9ce me t ! light 9 a picture 9 g5]al
 ex]ts a great] influ5ce ^u ! local     
col\rs ?an ev5 ! air1 al?\gh ^? :o h    
writt5 ^u ! art seem to attribute !     
local col\rs exclusively to !           
int]position ( ! air & ! vap\rs ) :i* x 
is *>g$4 ,! above rem>k1 ?\gh useful to 

all pa9t]s1 becomes ! m indisp5sable to 
^? :o h to d ) l&scape1 see+ t )\t      
att5tion to x1 ! a]ial p]spective w\ld  
r5d] useless1 by a false & mann]$       
repres5tation1 ! j proportions & ! exact
 cont\rs dictat$ by l9e> p]spective4    
,ano!r rem>k1 n less int]e/+1 is1 t !   
col\r ( ca/ %ad[s dep5ds1 beyond e ?+1  
on t ( ! light1 & consequ5tly on ! /ate 
( ! atmosph]e & ! "t ( ! day1 z well z !
 season ( ! ye>4 ,h5ce is x t ! br[n    
%ad[s ( art1 :i* are adopt$ = ! sake (  
w>m1 are1 9 good pa9t]s su* z ,v&yke1   
always bl5d$ ) ! silv]y grey4  ,( !     
g5]al tone ( col\r4--,?is "p ( ! subject
 is treat$ r ) reg>d to /rict obs]vation
 ( nature1 ?an its poetical             
applicability to art4 ,= surely !re is a
 di/9ction2 !re %\ld be a tone ( col\r  
belong+ to ! subject1 irrespective ( !  
actual col\r ( place or "t ( day1       
prop]ly belong+ to ! action repres5t$4  
,x is well obs]v$1 t ! arg5t9e or silv]y
 tone s mu* admir$ & s\ght aft] by      
amateurs1 is no?+ b ! fai?ful imitation 

( ! tone assum$ by nature 9 c\ntries :]e
 ! rays ( ! sun are n too p]p5dicul>1 e 
"t t ! air is 9 t /ate ( transp>5cy     
requir$ to temp] to ! necess>y degree ! 
too brilliant blue ( a pure sky1 &      
itself to receive & transmit ?is        
desirable silv]y tone :i* delights !    
spectator4 ,by ?is x w\ld appe> t our   
arti/s' dreams ( c\ntries1 alio sub     
sole1 are n likely to br+ beauty ( col\r
 to _! pictures--t ! fables ( ,ea/]n    
skies are1 ) reg>d to art1 fables2 &    
?\gh !re is n[ always an attempt1 & t by
 no mean p[]s1 to drag ! spectators at  
our exhibitions "u ! v *>iot ( ! sun1   
sub curru nimium prop9qui solis1 real   
beauty ( col\r w be f\nd mu* ne>] home4 
,we are some:at surpris$ by1 z x w\ld   
appe> f ! g5]al obs]vations ( ,de       
,burt91 an accid5tal tru? :i* he has n  
else:]e foll[$ to its consequ5ces4 ,if  
pictures (f5d aga9/ nature1 & become    
cold by ! employm5t ( cold col\rs ^u !m1
 su* z black1 :ite1 blue1 & gre51 ei!r  
pure or blui%1 & by ! omission ( !      

glaz+s :i* ! tone ( ! light requires1 or
 if !y become s f ! natural coldness (  
night & ( sn[1 n rem$i$ by art1 ! pa9t] 
ought to correct ! fault 9 ! mann] ,i h 
previ\sly h9t$ at4 ,9 ! foll[+ rem>k1 we
 c see ! great defect 9 ! col\r+ (      
,murillo's pictures1 especially 9 8     
backgr\nds1 :o appe>s always to h pa9t$ 
on a wet & d+y day4 ,b no?+ c correct ! 
cold ( a sky conceal$ by ! k9d ( cl\ds  
la/ m5tion$1 or r5d]$ totally invisible 
by mi/4 ,he rescues ! cle>-obscure f !  
mean+ commonly atta*$ to x z light &    
%ade4 ,9 ! lit]al s5se1 ?is ^w means    
no?+ b ! obscure :i* is at ! same "t    
cle>4 ,x %\ld r be def9$ to be light 9  
%ad[2 b x w be difficult to e/abli% any 
o!r s5se = x ?an ! disposition ( ! light
 & %ade 9 a picture4 ,! inv5tor ( x1 =  
practical use1 0 ,leon>do da ,v9ci4 ,(  
?is *i>oscuro he says3 ,x is ?is1 9 f9e1
 aga9/ :i* s _m r5[n$ ,italian ma/]s h  
s9n$1 b 9 :i* ! immortal ,correggio is s
 em95tly di/+ui%$1 & :i* proves h[ !y   
err :o h nam$ ,titian ! pr9ce (         

col\ri/s4 ,= h[ mu* soev] he may possess
 9 a supreme degree v _m o!r p>ts (     
col\r+1 he has s misund]/ood ?is "o 9 8 
g5]al h>mony1 t 8 gr\nds are r>ely 9    
agreem5t ) ! re/ ( 8 picture1 & are (t5 
all black4 ,8 ,v5us1 9 ! ,dresd5 gall]y1
 & 8 ,ecce ,homo1 9 t ( ,vi5na1 two ( 8 
mo/ r5[n$ pictures b especially ! latt]1
 pres5t /rik+ pro(s1 among v _m o!rs1 ( 
! correctness ( my op9ion on ?is great  
col\ri/4  ,^? :o object1 z "s v5ture to 
d1 to ,titian's col\r1 especially 9 8   
backgr\nds1 we believe ov]look 8        
int5tion1 & are n aw>e h[ mu* :at !y    
consid] defects affect ! :ole4          
,objections h be5 made to ! backgr\nd ( 
! ,pet] ,m>tyr1 )\t consid]+ h[         
appropriate ! col\r+ is to ! subject4   
,!re are "s j obs]vations on ! necessity
 ( transp>5cy1 :i* %\ld n be conf9$ to  
%ad[s & demi-t9ts1 :i* _c d )\t x4 ,x   
has be5 said t ,titian & ,correggio     
glaz$ ov] e "p ( ! picture1 !reby giv+  
ev5 ! lights a sort ( transp>5cy4 ,(    
h>mony ( col\r1 he says1 ,"u ! p5cil (  

an intellig5t arti/1 local col\rs1 ev5 !
 lea/ agreeable1 & ^? :i* h ! lea/      
aff9ity among !mselves1 may become v    
agreeable to ! eye1 & contribute        
p[]fully to ! h>mony ( ! picture ?r\gh !
 int]position ( "s o!r col\r1 z 9 music 
discordant tones are happily unit$ by   
means ( int]m$iate ones4 ,! translator  
app5ds to ?is a note 9 :i* he quotes f  
,m5gs1 t ,! ?ree prim>y col\rs be+ r$1  
blue1 & yell[1 :5 any "o ( !m is        
prom95tly us$1 x %\ld be accompani$ by  
"o :i* unites ! o!r two4 ,?us1 if pure  
r$ be us$1 x %\ld be accompani$ by gre51
 :i* is a comp\nd ( blue & yell[4 ,?is  
comp\nd col\r is call$ ! contra/+ col\r1
 & is always us$ sp>+ly4 ,b ! h>moniz+  
col\r is said to be ! comp\nd made by   
any "o col\r itself1 along ) ! next     
adjo9+ to x on ei!r side ( ! spectrum4  
,?us r$ w be h>moniz$ by purple1 ! col\r
 produc$ by comp\nd+ x ) blue on ! "o   
side ( x1 & x w also be h>moniz$ by     
orange1 :i* is ! col\r produc$ by       
comp\nd+ x ) ! yell[1 next to x on ! o!r

 side ( ! spectrum4 ,9 treat+ ( ! effect
 ( a picture1 al?\gh ! au?or ) a k9d (  
reluctance admits1 or w n condemn       
absolutely factiti\s effects1 he has no 
pr$ilection = !m1 & blames = !          
extravagant use ( !m ,c>ravagio & o!rs (
 ! ,italian s*ools4 ,unque/ionably !y   
af=d a p[] :i* %\ld be us$ ) judgm5t1 !n
 mo/ applicable :5 ! sup]natural ( !    
subject ov]p[]s ! famili>ity ( m natural
 effects4 ,( ! empa/o1 s mu* spok5 ( by 
connoisseurs1 he is an admir]4 ,he      
directs t ! col\rs :i* compose ! empa/o 
%\ld be p]fectly well gr\nd1 & ! gr\nd  
p]fectly smoo!d4 ,yet ?is 0 n always !  
case 9 ! empa/o ( ,paul ,v]onese1 ^:    
empa/o 0 (t5 ( a brok5 & mort>y surface2
 & x w\ld appe>1 f an exam9ation ( su*  
p>ts ( 8 pictures1 z if he _h purposely 
us$ wat] ) 8 oil-pa9t1 :i* w\ld h !     
effect ( slightly sep>at+ ! p>ticles1 & 
!reby giv+ brilliancy f ! brok5 surface 
( refract+ p>ticles4 ,?is seems to h    
escap$ ! notice ( ,m4 de ,burt9 9 ?is   
place4 ,x has be5 said ( ,mi*ael        

,angelo1 t he nev] pa9t$ m ?an "o       
picture 9 oil4 ,l ! relics ( sa9ts1 t "o
 has wond]fully multipli$4 ,our au?or   
speaks ( "o 9 8 own possession1 :i* is  
c]ta9ly n describ$ z accord+ to ! mann] 
we %\ld expect on t great ma/]4 ,a truly
 unique picture1 by ! great ,mi*ael     
,angelo ,buon>roti1 9 my possession1    
proves to :at an a/oni%+ degree art c   
imitate gold1 silv]1 & /ones1 )\t us+ ! 
orig9als1 by ! magic illusion ) :i* !   
r>e g5ius has pa9t$ !m z ornam5ts4 ,!y  
look z if reliev$ on ! arm\r ( ! two    
cavali]s1 insomu* t "o w\ld believe !m  
to be truly ! "w ( an actual *isel4 ,he 
admires ! smoo? empa/o2 & among ! pa9t]s
 :o practis$ x1 laudably m5tions ,v&]   
,w]ff4 ,b he blames o!rs less kn[n =    
c>ry+ x out to an extreme f9i%4 ,to our 
ta/e1 ! smoo? empa/o ( ,v&] ,w]ff is mo/
 displeas+2 r5d]+ fle% ivory1 &1 9 t    
ma/]1 ivory )\t its true & pleas+ col\r4
 ,?is bran* ( ! subject ends ) rem>ks on
 t\*1 :i* completes ! li/ ( ! p>ts t    
contribute to make a good picture4 ,!   

mann] ( a pa9t] is 9 no?+ s di/+ui%$ z 9
 8 t\*4 ,!re mu/1 !n1 be great v>iety 9 
! t\* ( pa9t]s4 ,to be a judge ( ma/]s1 
x is necess>y1 z ! fir/ /ep to          
connoisseur%ip1 to be acqua9t$ ) ?is    
executive "p ( _! art4 ,s9ce x is       
correct to say t )\t a good t\* !re _c  
be a good picture1 "o may say likewise1 
t he is n a good ma/] :o has n a good   
t\*1 & :o does n "k h[ to avoid us+ x   
too mu*4 ,x is a m>k ( a defective m9d1 
:5 ! pa9t] is too mu* pleas$ ) !        
dext]ity ( 8 h&4 ,_m h[ev]1 require ?is 
h9t2 _! pictures are s ov]laid ) t\*1 t 
! autographs sup]s$e ! subject4  ,!     
incipi5t connoisseur w d well to read ! 
*apt] 9 ?is volume :i* w tell him h[ to 
judge pictures well4 ,x w tell him ev5 9
 :at position to see a picture4 ,he     
disapproves ( ! use ( ! mirror1 9 :i* ! 
picture is reflect$ z giv+ a s(tness &  
h>mony n g5u9e2 b z x 0 ! practice (    
,giorgione & ,correggio1 9 ord] to le>n 
! effect ( ! col\rs1 ( ! masses1 & ( !  
"w z a :ole1 he recomm5ds x to ! pa9t]4 

,he expects1 h[ev]1 f ! amateur an      
imp>tiality almo/ impossible to atta91  
:5 x is expect$ to rea* su* a po9t t all
 s*ools1 all ma/]s1 all mann]s1 & all   
classes ( pictures w be a matt] (       
indiff]5ce to him4 ,we fe> t an amateur 
:o c\ld rea* ?is indiff]5ce1 w\ld be r a
 g5]al admir] ?an a good lov]4 ,!       
amateur ?us advanc$1 w soon be able to  
weigh imp>tially ! gr\nds ( ! dispute   
betwe5 ! p>tisans ( ideal beauty on ! "o
 h&1 & ! beauty :i* exi/s 9 nature on ! 
o!r4 ,b "h is a mi/ake 9 initio2 = is n 
! ,ideal1 too1 ,nature8 ,we %\ld h r    
expect$ a disquisition to elucidate ?is 
po9t2 b our au?or pref]s pass+ away f ! 
real "q to indulge 9 a little sev]ity on
 ! admir]s ( ! ,ideal1 :i* ,ideal we are
 p]suad$ he nev] und]/ood2 = he consid]s
 evid5tly t ! ideal beauties1 ) ! magic 
tru? ( ! ,dut* s*ool 9 execution1 w\ld  
be p]fection4 ,he w\ld view a "w pa9t$  
"u ?is union z p]fection4 ,to u x w\ld1 
we feel q sure1 be an intol]able        
p]=mance4 ,= ?is little bit ( bad ta/e  

he is call$ to acc\nt by 8 translator4  
,! au?or's ta/e 01 aft] all1 we suspect1
 r incomplete2 r ! product ( an educat$ 
eye ?an ( a m9d educat$ to embrace !    
,ideal4 ,! fact is1 ! ,ideal 9 practice 
mu/ be ! rea* ( a some?+ :i* ! eye1     
h[ev] educat$1 does n altoge!r f9d 9    
ext]nal nature2 b :i*1 f ! data (       
ext]nal nature1 ! m9d creates1 p>tly by 
comb9ation1 & p>tly f a p[] ( its own   
inv5tion altoge!r4 ,! ext]nal s5ses 9   
educat$ man are ob$i5t to ?is inv5tive  
direction ( ! m9d1 & at l5g? receive _! 
great]1 p]haps (t5 only1 pleasures f x4 
,x is easy to imag9e h[ ! m evid5t &    
real beauties ( ! inf]ior s*ools1 = we d
 n hesitate to speak ( ! ,italian z !   
high]1 m easily captivate1 especially1 !
 incipi5t lov]s ( art4 ,!y beg9 by      
collect+ ! ,dut*2 b z !y advance 9 ta/e 
& k1 & acquire ! legitimate feel+ = art1
 !y are sure to end ) ! ,italian4 ,!    
un9itiat$ may wond] to be told !re is   
any difficulty 9 judg+ :e!r a picture is
 9 good pres]vation or n4 ,yet "h is a  

*apt] to tea* ?is useful k4 ,! p]ils t  
fle% is heir to1 are no?+ if comp>$ to !
 p]ils t environ ! similitudes ( fle%4  
,nos no/raque morti debemur4 ,m5 &      
pictures suff] f ! doctors z well z f   
"t4 ,pictures1 too1 are (t5 9 ! h& ( !  
spoil]1 & are subject1 ) _! own]s1 to a 
n v dissimil> quack]y ( potion & lotion1
 und]go z _m purifications1 nor d !y    
escape ! knife & sc>ification2 are laid 
^u _! backs1 rubb$ & scrubb$1 sk9n$1 &  
(t5times r$uc$ to ! v ribs & dead col\r+
 ( :at !y 74 ,x is surpris+ h[ great a  
numb] ( pictures are ru9$ by ! clean]s4 
,we are sorry to read ?is acc\nt (      
,correggio's celebrat$ ,notte4 ,ev5 :5  
!y d n de/roy ! picture entirely1 !y1 at
 all ev5ts1 leave ! mo/ injuri\s traces 
beh9d1 depriv+ x ( its transp>5cy &     
h>mony1 & mu* ( ! effect1 r5d]+ x h>d1  
cold1 & weak4 ,( ?is ! admirable        
',night' ( ,correggio at ,dresd5 pres5ts
 a v sad example4  ,we look ^u !        
audaci\s man :o d>es to repa9t ^u an old
 picture unnecess>ily1 & by :olesale1 z 

guilty ( a crime4 ,x is ! murd] ( ano!r 
man's (fspr+1 & ( 8 "n & fame at ! same 
"t4 ,we h he>d ( a man half a c5tury ago
 go+ ab\t ! c\ntry to pa9t new wigs ^u !
 ,v&ykes4 ,we w\ld h su* a p]petrator   
ba/9ado$ on ! soles ( 8 feet4 ,i 0      
pres5t1 says our au?or1 at ,am/]dam dur+
 a dispute betwe5 "o :o _h j sold a     
l&scape = sev]al ?\s& flor9s1 & ! ag5t  
:o _h made ! pur*ase on commission4 ,!  
latt] requir$ an important *ange to be  
made t[>ds ! c5tre ( ! picture1 :i* he  
cont5d$ w\ld be v mu* improv$ !reby4 ,x 
0 9 va9 t ! sell]1 ) :om ,i agre$ 9     
op9ion ^u ! po9t1 p]si/$ 9 refus+ to    
repa9t a "w 9 su* good pres]vation1 & by
 s great a ma/]2 = ! brok] clos$ 8 lips 
by prote/+1 t unless ! dem& 7 compli$ )1
 he 0 in/ruct$ to ?r[ up ! b>ga94 ,we   
look ) equal horror on buy] & sell]4    
,w\ld n ! latt] h sold 8 fa!r1 "m1      
bro!rs1 si/]s1 aunts1 & c\s9s8 ,x has   
be5 said t1 9 complim5t to ,william     
,,iii41 _m ( ! portraits ( ! ance/ors ( 
! c\rti]s ( ! day 7 re-pa9t$ ) aquil9e  

noses4 ,m4 de ,burt9 v ju/ly obs]ves1 t 
! new t\*es on old pictures d n pres]ve 
_! tone1 b he does n give ! true reason4
 ,he seems to ent]ta9 no notion t       
pictures 7 pa9t$ ) any o!r vehicle ?an  
common oil2 &1 9 a %ort discussion ^u   
,van ,eyck's discov]y1 he only %[s t he 
takes up :at o!rs h said1 & nev] himself
 c\ld h read :at ! monk ,!ophilus really
 wrote2 =1 l ,m4 ,m]ime1 he supposes !  
monk to say :at he nev] did say4 ,x is  
only surpris+ t1 9 8 num]\s clean+s1 he 
did n discov] ! diff]5ce betwe5 ! old   
pa9t ( "o date & ( ano!r1 & h[ !y       
require diff]5t solv5ts4 ,!re is a *apt]
 ^u ! mann] ( kn[+ & appreciat+ copies1 
f :i* ! beg9n]1 9 collect+1 may take "s 
useful h9ts4 ,he repeats ! well-kn[n    
anecdote ( ! copy f ,raffaelle by ,&rea 
del ,s>to1 :i* ,julio ,romano1 :o _h    
work$ ^u ! picture1 believ$ to be !     
orig9al1 ?\gh assur$ be=eh& by ,vas>i t 
x 0 a copy4 ,) reg>d to ,rub5s1 by f> ! 
great] numb] ( pictures said to be by   
him1 are by ! h&s ( 8 s*ol>s1 to :om he 

gave ! design & outl9e m]ely1 sometimes 
t\*+ up ! pictures ) 8 own h&4 ,?is has 
be5 a common & a ju/ifiable practice )  
great pa9t]s1 bo? anci5t & mod]n1 or x  
w\ld h be5 impossible = any "o pair (   
h&s to h done ! works :i* be> ! names ( 
"s well-employ$ pa9t]s4 ,! few pictures 
entirely by ! h& ( ,rub5s confirm !     
suspicion z to o!rs1 by _! sup]iority4  
,contempor>y copies he consid]s 9 a v   
diff]5t light f m mod]n1 because ! mod]n
 be+ f ! old aft] !y _h deep5$1 deep5   
/ill m1 & 9 a few ye>s sc>cely resemble 
9 tone ! orig9als4 ,x is f su* copies t 
an ill "n has be5 giv5 to all copies4   
,we h v little feel+ = amateurs 9 _!    
annoyances & emb>rassm5ts1 :o discov] t 
!y h only pur*as$ a copy2 = !y did n    
judge accord+ to ! m]its ( ! picture1 b 
! "n "u :i* x 0 admitt$4  ,! six? *apt]1
 ^u ,! mann] ( analys+ & describ+       
pictures1 furni%es "s good h9ts to      
catalogue-mak]s & auctione]s4 ,!        
examples are +5i\sly word$1 & ) no      
little precision4 ,! numb] giv5 is b a  

selection f ab\t #bdj pages4 ,:oev] w   
try 8 h& at a descriptive catalogue1 w  
f9d x n s easy a task z he imag9$4 ,we  
%\ld h p]haps ent]ta9$ a high] op9ion ( 
! au?or's judgm5t1 ?\gh n a high] ( 8   
descriptive p[]1 suppos+ x to h be5     
ex]cis$ z a disciple ( ! not$ ,mr ,puff1
 :o took a d\ble fir/ 9 ^? arts1 _h !   
translator k9dly omitt$ an outl9e ( a   
picture by ,poelemburg--,! ,adoration ( 
! ,%eph]ds4 ,x is c]ta9ly well describ$ 
9 g5]ality & detail2 b nev] 0 any ?+ m l
 ,mr ,puff's /yle ?an !                 
foll[+3--,poelemburg has "h surpass$    
himself by ! exactness ( ! design1 & !  
f9e =m ( ! figures4 ,he has c>ri$ to !  
highe/ degree _! graci\s & simple       
expression4 ,! picture is n less        
di/+ui%$ = ! attractive effect ( light  
well di/ribut$1 = h>mony & ! cle>       
obscure1 = ! agreeable & sweet tone ( ! 
prop] col\rs1 & = t tru?1 c4 c4 c4--b   
alas6 ! outl9e6 ,look on ?is picture &  
on ?is4 ,x may h be5 a pretty picture1  
?\gh ! subject is mu* above ,poelemburg2

 b--%all we pron\nce x8--! design is    
wret*$--we _c help x1 & w\ld sp>e x if  
we c\ld4 ,/range are ! blund]s made 9   
descriptive catalogues4 ,an in/ance is  
giv5--an amus+ specim5 f a well-e/abli%$
 manufactory4 ,! fam\s picture (        
,raffaelle1 pa9t$ = ! *ur* ( ,/ ,john at
 ,bologna1 repres5t+ ,/ ,cecilia hold+ a
 musical in/rum5t 9 h] h&s1 ) o!rs at h]
 feet1 af=ds an example ( ! errors      
allud$ to4 ,%e li/5s ) rapt att5tion to 
a *oir ( angels borne on ! cl\ds1 & s++4
 ,on h] "r h& are ,/ ,paul & ,/ ,john ! 
,evangeli/1 /rongly *>act]iz$2 ! "o by 8
 sword1 ! o!r by 8 eagle1 & bo? by !    
airs ( ! heads4 ,on h] left are ,/      
,magdal5e ) h] cup1 & ,/ ,augu/9e ) 8   
cross & pontifical g>m5ts4 ,hi!rto all !
 _w _h be5 agre$ ^u ! ju/ness ( !       
description2 b ! au?or ( ! ,manual ( !  
,fr5* ,museum1 pr9t$ 9 #ahjc1 judg$ x   
prop] to make "o ( 8 own1 ( :i* behold !
 title & ! sub/ance--,! ,m>tyrdom ( ,/  
,cecilia4  ,raffaelle w\ld n repres5t ! 
m>tyrdom ( a "y virg9 l ! execution ( a 

malefactor4 ,"h ,cecilia advances t[>ds 
! place :]e ! palm ( m>tyrdom awaits h]4
 ,h] feet only /ill belong to ?is e>?4  
,h] uprais$ eyes tell t h] ?\ghts are   
already 9 heav54 ,! man :o be>s ! sword 
is n an execution] ^: /]n f]ocity       
augm5ts t ( ! spectacle4 ,"h ! headsman 
has an air ( compassion4 ,beh9d ! sa9t  
walks a prie/ :o assi/s h]4 ,8          
physiognomy is common1 b sweet4 ,he     
applauds ! tranquil resignation ( !     
victim1 :o seems already to he> !       
cele/ial conc]t t is go+ on above4 ,!   
angels celebrate h] com+ be=e h&6 ,"o ( 
! companions ( ,cecilia po9ts !m out to 
h] ) 8 f+]1 & seems to d s z an         
enc\ragem5t to h]4 ,a "y man foll[s !   
sa9t4 ,8 action is too expressive to    
suppose x t ( a p>5t or conv]t4 ,?is is 
inde$ a v f9e specim51 bo? = :at is said
 & :at is unsaid--! surmise is p]fectly 
,fr5*1 & ! pity+ t5d] famili>ity (      
,cecilia1 = commis]ation's sake robb$ ( 
h] sa9t%ip1 w\ld be en\gh to melt an    
auction-room to te>s1 7 ! picture to be 

sold & ?us describ$4  ,! v be/ auction  
description ( a picture we rememb] ev]  
to h he>d1 0 "o mo/ flu5tly giv51 & ) a 
mo/ w9n+ & g5tlemanly mann]1 by ,mr     
,*ri/ie1 ! fa!r ( ! pres5t ju/ly        
appreciat$ ,mr ,*ri/ie1 z true &        
hon\rable z un]r+ 9 8 judgm5t (         
pictures4 ,x 0 _m ye>s ago4 ,! picture  
to be sold 0 ! celebrat$ "o ( ! ?ree    
goddesses1 ,! ,judgm5t ( ,p>is1 a l>ge  
picture4 ,n[ ! difficulty ( ! case lay 9
 ?is1 t x 0 well kn[n t !re 7 ?ree      
pictures ( ! subject1 all claim+ to be  
orig9als4 ,?is 0 well kn[n & talk$ ab\t4
 ,!re 7 9 fact ?ree pictures ( ! judgm5t
 ( ,p>is4 ,aft] m9utely & mo/ ably      
describ+ ! picture1 ,mr ,*ri/ie came to 
?is delicate ackn[l$gm5t4 ,he admitt$   
!re 7 ?ree2 ! great pa9t]1 delight$ ) 8 
subject1 enam\r$ ( ! beauties he _h     
creat$1 _h1 z x 71 ?rice ?r[n himself at
 ! feet ( ea* goddess4 ,! ?ree pictures 
7 an (f]+ & homage to ea*4 ,none c\ld   
det]m9e :i* 0 be/4 ,! subject 0 !       
,judgm5t ( ,p>is--x 0 an enviable       

opportunity = a happy pur*as] to ?r[ !  
gold5 apple4 ,we d n pret5d to give1 )  
any exactness1 ! eloqu5t word+ ( ?is    
address2 nor c we describe ! p]fect     
grace ) :i* x 0 deliv]$4 ,e "o 9 ! room 
seem$ to "k t he 0 li/5+ to a s*ol> & a 
g5tleman1 & felt a confid5ce4 ,b to     
return to ,de ,burt94 ,! *apt] on !     
g5]al s*ools ( pa9t+1 conta9s bo? useful
 in=mation & judici\s rem>ks4 ,he       
m5tions ! emb>rassm5t ! amateur mu/     
feel1 see+ t au?ors are n agre$ among   
!mselves 9 ! numb] & classification (   
s*ools4 ,"s reckon ?ree1 "s five1 "s    
eight1 "s ext5d ! numb] to twelve4      
,lanzi ev5 makes f\rte5 ( ! ,italian    
s*ools alone4 ,9 ord] t ! s*ool ( a     
p>ticul> city or c\ntry may take its    
place among ! g5]al s*ools1 x is        
necess>y1 9 my op9ion1 t x %all h       
produc$ a great _m ma/]s celebrat$ = _! 
m]it1 & t ^! %all h 9 _! /yle & mann]   
some?+ common to !m all1 :i* p>ticul>ly 
*>act]izes !m1 & :i* is suffici5tly     
rem>kable to di/+ui% _! s*ool f all     

o!rs4 ,^u ?is pr9ciple1 ,i reckon eight 
s*ools 9 all2 & ^! are1 ! ,flor5t9e or  
,tuscan1 ! ,roman1 ! ,lomb>d1 !         
,v5etian1 ! ,flemi%1 ! ,dut*1 ! ,fr5*1 &
 ! ,g]man4 ,if x 7 suffici5t to h giv5  
to ! _w arti/s r5[n$ = _! m]it1 !       
,spani% might likewise claim a place    
among ! g5]al s*ools1 7 x only f hav+   
possess$ a ,morales1 a ,velasquez1 & a  
,murillo4 ,naples1 too1 might enjoy !   
same privilege1 f ! names (             
,spagnoletto1 ,calabrese1 ,salvator     
,rosa1 & ,luca ,giordano4 ,g5oa1        
likewise1 f ,ca/iglione1 ,/rozzi1       
,ca/elli1 & ,cambiasi4 ,b ! want ( a    
g5]al di/9ctive "* prev5ts _! be+ rank$ 
"u ! g5]al s*ools1 & ! ma/]s are1 = !   
mo/ "p1 plac$ sep>ately 9 t "o or o!r ( 
! ackn[l$g$ s*ools to :i* _! mann]      
approa*es mo/ ne>ly1 or to :i* _! ma/]  
belong$4 ,! di/+ui%+ m>ks ( ! s*ools are
 ably laid d[n4 ,! au?or confesses t he 
feels a difficulty 9 g5]aliz+ !         
*>act]i/ics ( ! ,flor5t9e s*ool4 ,he    
adopts ! some:at exagg]at$ 7z he all[s7 

acc\nt ( ,m4 ,levesque4 ,8 *>act]i/ics  
are--f9e movem5t1 a c]ta9 sombre        
au/]ity1 an expression ( vig\r1 :i*     
excludes p]haps t ( grace1 a "* (       
design1 ! gr&eur ( :i* is 9 "s sort     
gigantic4 ,!y may be reproa*$ ) a k9d ( 
exagg]ation2 b x _c be d5i$ t !re is 9  
?is exagg]ation an ideal maje/y1 :i*    
elevates human nature above ! weak &    
p]i%+ nature ( reality4 ,! ,tuscan      
arti/s1 satisfi$ ) comm&+ admiration1   
seem to disda9 seek+ to please4 ,!      
description ( ! ,roman s*ool we conceive
 to be n s =tunate4 ,its excell5ce is   
attribut$ to ! antique1 di/+ui%$ by     
great beauty 9 ! =ms1 a composition     
elegant1 al?\gh (t5 s+ul>1 & by         
expressions ideal r ?an natural1 ( :i* a
 "p is (t5 sacrific$ to ! pres]vation ( 
beauty4 ,if we receive z models ( ^! two
 mo/ celebrat$ s*ools1 ,mi*ael ,angelo  
,buon>roti1 & ,raffaelle1 7?\gh x %\ld  
be obs]v$1 if we look to ! actual g5ius 
( ^! great m51 we mu/ n =get ! e>ly age 
at :i* ,raffaelle di$17 su* di/9ction z 

?is may be drawn4 ,t ! ,flor5t9e s*ool  
_h = its object ! p]sonal1 ! absolute   
bodily p[] & dignity ( man1 & su* /rong 
intellect & en]gy z w\ld be consid]$ 9  
necess>y agreem5t ) t p]fect condition (
 ! human =m4 ,t !re is !re=e1 9 _!      
vigor\s del9eations1 a great & simple1  
&1 z x 71 gigantic rud5ess v p]ceptible4
 ,on ! contr>y1 9 ! ,roman1 !           
subord9ation ( ! p]son to ! cultivat$   
m9d is decid$ly m>k$4 ,x is ! del9eation
 ( man fur!r (f f 8 rud] /ate1 %[+ 9    
aspect1 & ev5 9 bodily movem5ts1 ! m5tal
 cultivation4 ,! "o s*ool is ( an       
,ant$iluvian1 ! o!r ( a ,*ri/ian race4  
,h5ce1 9 ! latt]1 "u ! pr]ogative (     
love1 grace & a nic] beauty are assum$2 
& a delicacy & purity aris+ f m9ds      
educat$ to be>1 to =be>1 *a/5$ by trial1
 end[$ ) a new greatness n inconsi/5t ) 
g5tl5ess4 ,yet 0 simplicity /rongly m>k$
 9 ! ,roman s*ool2 nor d we ?9k ! blame 
?r[n ^u _! col\r+ ju/ly ?r[n1 z x 0 mo/ 
consi/5t ) ! *>act]i/ic dignifi$        
simplicity2 nor d we agree ) ^? :o ?9k x

 inh>moni\s 9 itself4 ,b>occio is       
prais$1 9 t he add$ some:at ( ! col\r+ (
 ,correggio to ! /udy ( ! antique & !   
works ( ,raffaelle2 b x is m ?an d\btful
 if ! innovation ^u ! ,roman simplicity 
be n a det]ioration ( ! s*ool4 ,!       
col\r+1 ! *ief *>act]i/ic ( ! ,v5etian  
s*ool1 repres5ts mank9d 9 a /ill fur!r  
onw>d 7we use n ! ^w advanc$1 because x 
may be misund]/ood7 /ate1 9 ! /ate ( m  
conv5tion1 ( mann]s1 & ( luxury4 ,h5ce  
ev5 mo/ ref9$ subjects ( ! ,v5etian are1
 ) reg>d to purity1 & moral &           
intellectual beauty1 9 a grade (        
inf]iority to ! ,roman & ,flor5t9e4 ,!y 
are ( ! age ( a civil gov]nm5t r ?an ( a
 religi\s influ5ce4 ,! c\nt5ances       
indicate ! bus9ess ( ! _w2 ! m v>i$     
co/ume1 ! m ri* cov]+ ( ! figures1 )    
less ( ! nude1 are m>ks ( m]*&ise &     
traffic4 ,?is is p]ceptible1 & possibly 
some:at to ! disp>agem5t ( ! full       
display ( ! subject1 9 ! gr& picture (  
,del ,piombo1 ! ,rais+ ( ,laz>us1 ?\gh  
p]haps t picture1 be>+ su* evid5ce ( !  

design if n ! h& ( ,mi*ael ,angelo1 may 
by "s n be admitt$ z belong+ to !       
,v5etian s*ool4 ,we mean n to say t !   
,v5etian s*ool did n advance ! art by ! 
new p[] ( col\r1 ! inv5tion ( t s*ool2 x
 op5$ ! way to a new class ( subjects1  
:i* /ill admitt$ mu* ( ! gr& & ! pa!tic4
 ,x c]ta9ly did m2 x %[$ t !re 0 a gr& &
 a pa!tic 9 col\r alone1 a pr9ciple (   
art :i*1 ?\gh fir/ %[n1 & n 9 its p]fect
 degree by ! ,v5etians1 has nev] yet be5
 c>ri$ out z a pr9ciple4 ,we he> mu* (  
its beauty1 its h>mony1 9 a limit$ s5se 
( its p[]1 b seldom ( its s5tim5t4  ,!  
rem>ks ( ,m4 de ,burt9 ^u ! ,pet] ,m>tyr
 ( ,titian are v /range4 ,he mu/ h be5  
mu* deceiv$ :5 he saw ?is wond]ful      
picture1 ei!r by its position or ! /ate 
( 8 own vision4 ,we saw ! picture out ( 
its frame1 & d[n aga9/ ! wall1 & saw no 
factiti\s unnatural effect1 nor any     
black & :ite4 ,?is picture1 he says1 s  
full ( m]it 9 o!r respects1 pres5ts a   
/rik+ example ( ! factiti\s & unnatural 
effect produc$ by ! extraord9>y         

opposition ( black & :ite4 ,i am well   
aw>e t gay & brilliant col\r+ w\ld n be 
appropriate to a cruel action2 b a      
measure is to be obs]v$ 9 e ?+1 & ,i _c 
be conv9c$ t !re c\ld occur1 9 broad    
day1 & 9 ! op5 air1 a sc5e 9 :i* all 0  
obscure & black except ! figures4       
,obscurity & blackness 9 ,titian's ,pet]
 ,m>tyr6 ,our au?or has atta*$ ! s*ool (
 ,bologne to t ( ,lomb>dy1 z o!rs h     
done1 9 consid]ation t ! ,c>acci 9 =m+  
_! s*ool greatly /udi$ ,correggio4 ,yet 
und\bt$ly ,correggio /&s q ap>t f !     
,c>acci4 ,! ,bologna 0 9 fact a         
,composite s*ool4 ,if ! ,v5etian s*ool 0
 indicative ( bus9ess1 ( ! activities ( 
society z a mass1 ! ,lomb>d s*ool1 z    
fir/ di/+ui%$ by ,correggio1 assum$ m   
homely grace1 x 0 dome/ic1 ( ! he>?--!  
*]i%$ love1 ! sweet famili> grace4 ,?is 
0 its *>act]i/ic2 x bore a k9d ( g>d5   
luxuriance & ri*] embelli%m5t ( col\r1 n
 ! embelli%m5t ( civic pomp z se5 9 !   
,v5etian1 b a col\r$ ri*ness z ( ! fruit
 & fl[] ( a new ,ed54 ,! ,holy ,families

 ( ,correggio are 9 fragrant repose4 ,! 
e>? pays ! homage ( h] pr(usion1 &1 z   
consci\s ( ! pres5ce ( him t %all remove
 h] curse1 puts on h] gorge\s app>el4 ,!
 next desc5t f ?is grade ( art w\ld be  
to ! pa/oral4 ,m4 de ,burt9 objects to !
 airs ( ! heads1 graceful & smil+ felt n
 to be altoge!r appropriate :5 ! action 
is sad or viol5t4 ,we c imag9e t he     
alludes to ! picture ( ! ,m>tyrdom ( ,/ 
,placidus & ,flavia at ,p>ma4 ,! smil+  
sa9t receiv+ ! sword 9 h] bosom1 z a    
boon 9 ?ankfulness or t com+ bliss :i*  
is already h]s 9 vision1 is p]haps z    
t\*+ z any expression ev] pa9t$ by      
,correggio4 ,did our au?or miss ! mean+ 
( t devotional & m ?an hopeful smile8   
,?is picture1 l "s o!rs ( ,correggio1 is
 v grey1 & has probably _h mu* ( its    
glaz+ remov$4 ,9 ,m4 de ,burt9's notice 
( ! ,flemi% s*ool1 we entirely pass ov] 
! discussion respect+ ,van ,eyck & 8    
discov]y2 en\gh has be5 said ^u t       
subject4 ,! p>tiality ( our au?or =     
,rub5s is v p]ceptible4 ,! *>act]i/ics (

 ! ,flemi% s*ool are conf9$ to          
,hi/orical pa9t+1 & ev5 9 t class !re is
 sc>cely m ?an "o example1 ,rub5s4      
,betwe5 ,rub5s & ,v&yke !re is c]ta9ly  
aff9ity beyond t ( col\r+1 ?\gh 9 col\r+
 to a limit$ degree4 ,betwe5 ,rub5s &   
,t5i]s !re is surely a gap ( _m classes4
 ,if !re be any *>act]i/ic m>k common to
 bo?1 x mu/ lie 9 ! silv]y lightness (  
col\r+1 di/9ctness & fre$om ( t\*1 z if 
bo? _h us$ ! same vehicle1 & 9 ! same   
mann]1 all[ance be+ made = ! size &     
subjects ( _! pictures4 ,we are n       
dispos$ to detract f ! reputation (     
,rub5s z a col\ri/2 no pa9t] p]haps     
bett] und]/ood !oretically & practically
 ! sci5ce ( ! h>mony ( col\rs1 & _!     
application to natural repres5tation4 ,b
 he 0 entirely c>eless z to s5tim5t (   
col\r+4 ,action ev5 to its utmo/        
sup]iority 0 8 =te1 & = ?is "o          
expression 8 col\r+1 by its vivid p[] & 
contra/s1 0 c]ta9ly v admirable4  ,!    
,dut* s*ool is s bl5d$ ) ! ,flemi%1     
sep>at+ f bo? ,rub5s & ,v&yke1 & _!     

imm$iate s*ol>s1 t x is difficult to    
speak ( !m z di/9ct s*ools4 ,fasc9at+ z 
!y und\bt$ly are1 !y utt]ly ab&on ! p[] 
to tea* = ! art ( pleas+4 ,!y are n = ! 
public2 h little to d ) ev5ts ( any     
great int]e/4 ,!re is a manife/ desc5t f
 ! high pret5sions ( art2 ! aim is to   
gratify ! m]e love ( exact imitation1 & 
to int]e/ by portraiture ( mann]s4 ,if1 
!n1 says our au?or1 tru? ( imitation is 
! fir/ bus9ess ( works ( art2 if1 )\t t1
 no picture is 9 a situation to please2 
if all t is visible ov] ! :ole face (   
nature be includ$ 9 ! doma9 ( pa9t+1 h[ 
is x t among ! exclusive p>tisans (     
hi/orical subjects1 !re are p]sons s    
bl9d z n to see t ! m>vell\s productions
 ( ?is s*ool1 & ( ! ,flemi%1 h fill$ )  
admirable success ! imm5se gaps :i* _!  
vaunt$ ,italian s*ools h left 9 diff]5t 
p>ts ( art8  ,! v fir/ s5t5ce ( ?is     
passage is ( v undef9$ s5se2 we c guess 
at :at is meant by ! sne] ^u ! vaunt$   
,italian s*ools4 ,!re are n only imm5se 
gaps1 b great gulfs1 ov] :i* !re is no  

legitimate passage4 ,if ^! s*ools h done
 s mu* hon\r to ! art ( pa9t+1 z ,m4 de 
,burt9 ass]ts t !y h1 x has r be5 9 _!  
p]petuat+ x z a practical art1 ?an by   
add+ to its dignity or importance4 ,if1 
h[ev]1 x be all[able to sep>ate ,rub5s f
 ! ,flemi% s*ool1 we may ) /ill great]  
propriety set ap>t by himself t         
extraord9>y man ,rembr&t1 :o1 if any1 _h
 "s insight ( ! s5tim5t ( col\r4  ,v    
little complim5t is paid to ! ,fr5*     
s*ool by ,de ,burt94 ,he consid]s t x   
has no *>act]i/ic b t ( ! imitation (   
all s*ools4 ,x %\ld be obs]v$ 9 ju/ice  
to m mod]n ,fr5* pa9t]s1 t ?is 0 writt5 
9 #ahjh4 ,! v opposite op9ions ( ,m4    
,levesque aga9/1 & ,lairesse 9 fav\r (  
,simon ,v\et1 ! f\nd] ( ! s*ool1 are    
quot$4 ,! op9ions ( nei!r w weigh mu* ) 
mod]n critics1 ev5 ?\gh x 7 c]ta9 t ^?  
ascrib$ to ,lairesse 7 84 ,nei!r ,claude
 nor ,nicolas ,p\ss9 are all[$ to belong
 to ! ,fr5* s*ool4 ,we presume ,de      
,burt9 _h b little ta/e = l&scape1 = he 
does n m5tion1 we believe1 9 ?is :ole   

"w1 ,gasp> ,p\ss9--nor does he dwell mu*
 ^u ,claude4 ,x is extraord9>y t 9      
m5tion+ ! "o1 he %\ld take no notice ( 8
 great contempor>y4  ,& "h we may       
obs]ve1 t writ]s on art h ev] be5       
neglectful 9 ! extreme ) reg>d to ?is "p
 ( art--we %\ld add1 ?is delightful "p1 
& s capable ( s5tim5t4 ,!y take a va/   
jump f ! high ,italian ,hi/oric 7(      
,figures7 to ! l[ ,flemi% & ,dut*1 n ev5
 9 ^? latt] s*ools discrim9at+ ! bett]  
portion ( ! l&scape f ! l[]4  ,!re is   
want+ a new classification1 "o n s mu* (
 s*ools1 nor ( /yles p] se1 z (         
subjects--9 :i* ! ,s*ool ( ,l&scape w\ld
 require an ample treatm5t4 ,x is a     
s*ool :i*1 by ! neglect ( critics1 has  
be5 all[$ to desc5d to its l[e/ dep?2   
yet is x "o :i* is daily becom+ m !     
public ta/e--a ta/e1 nev]!less1 :i* has 
z yet giv5 to x b little ( its =m]      
elevation1 :i* x _h entirely lo/ be=e x 
rea*$ u ?r\gh ! det]ioration ( ! ,dut* &
 ,flemi% s*ools4  ,! ,g]man s*ool1 !    
fir/ 9 antiquity1 0 ext+ui%$ ) its      

ma/]s4 ,x 0 f\nd$ by ,alb]t ,dur]1 ^:   
g5ius 0 ackn[l$g$ & admir$ by ,raffaelle
 himself4 ,! mod]n ,g]man s*ool 0 n 9   
exi/5ce at ! date ( ?is publication 9   
#ahjh4  ,an entire *apt] is giv5 ^u !   
causes ( ! *>act]i/ics :i* di/+ui% !    
diff]5t s*ools f ea* o!r4 ,!re is1      
h[ev]1 no?+ new said ^u ?is subject4    
,und\bt$ly !re is mu* tru? 9 ! foll[+   
passage3 ,s mu* did ! lib]ty :i* ! ,dut*
 _h j recov]$ f ! ,spani>ds1 by unhe>d-(
 ef=ts1 become fatal among !m to ! same 
class ( art1 ! f\ndations ( :i* !y sapp$
 by _! resolution to bani% _! prie/s1 & 
to sub/itute a religion t suff]s nei!r  
pictures nor /atues ( sa9ts 9 _! *ur*es4
 ,f t "t all ! views ( _! pa9t]s 7      
necess>ily turn$ to ! o!r classes ( art1
 m susceptible ( a small =m1 & !re=e m  
suitable to ! private h\ses ( ! ,dut*1  
:i*1 ?\gh neat & commodi\s1 are n       
suffici5tly l>ge = pictures ( great     
size4 ,if ! dignity ( art is to be      
recov]$1 x w be by national gall]ies1 & 
we might yet p]haps hope1 by re-op5+ our

 *ur*es = ! admission ( scriptural      
pictures4  ,! *apt] ^u ! division (     
pictures into classes1 is by no means   
satisfactory4 ,x is admitt$ by !        
translator to be incomplete4 ,at its    
conclusion is a quotation f ,pl9y1 :i*1 
z x is int5d$ to ju/ify ,de ,burt9's    
ta/e = ! l[ ,flemi% & ,dut* s*ools1 does
 n indicate a v high ta/e 9 ei!r ,pl9y  
or himself4 ,pl9y says ( ,pyreicus1 t   
few arti/s des]ve to be pref]r$ to him4 
,t he pa9t$1 9 small1 b>b]s' & %oemak]s'
 /alls1 asses1 be>s1 & su* ?+s4 ,he     
fur!r adds1 t 8 works obta9$ l>g] prices
 ?an o!r arti/s ( nobl] subjects obta9$1
 & t he 0 n degrad$ by *oos+ su* l[     
subjects4 ,we beg p>don ( ,pl9y1 b we   
w\ld n give ?ree f>?+s = 8 pictorial    
judgm5t4 ,inde$1 _h n ,lucian giv5 u "s 
mo/ vivid descriptions ( "s ( ! anci5t  
pictures1 we %\ld h _h no v high op9ion 
( !m4 ,= ! well-kn[n anecdotes speak    
only 9 fav\r ( me*anical excell5ce4 ,our
 au?or1 9 8 *apt] on ! art ( describ+   
pictures1 might h tak5 ,lucian = 8 model

 ) great propriety4 ,!re is 9 ?is *apt] 
on division into classes1 mu* nons5se   
ab\t beauty1 ,ideal & ,physical4 ,de    
,burt9 ?9ks we h n any in/9ctive feel+ =
 physical beauty z ( moral beauty2 t a  
fix$ proportion ( p>ts nei!r 9 m5 nor   
animals1 any m ?an 9 ar*itecture1 is !  
f\ndation ( beauty--:i* is p]fectly     
ridicul\s1 & n wor? an argum5t4 ,ideal  
beauty he "h treats ) great contempt1 & 
po9ts out two tru?s on ?is matt]        
demon/rat$ by comp>ative anatomy2 ! "o (
 :i* is1 t ! beauty ( ! antique heads   
dep5ds *iefly on ! facial l9e 9 !m1 mak+
 an angle ( #ajj degrees ) ! horizontal 
l9e2 ! o!r is1 t x is c]ta9 t su* a head
 is nev] f\nd 9 nature4  ,9 ! t5? *apt] 
he treats ( ! causes ( ! sup]iority ( ! 
pictures ( ! #af? & #ag? c5turies ov] ^?
 ( ! pa/ c5tury4 ,he looks ^u ,rome & ! 
,antique z ! *ief cause1 & t arti/s g   
!re be=e !y h e/abli%$ pr9ciples ( art4 
,x is n1 he ass]ts1 9 diff]5ce ( col\rs2
 = ,giorgione & ,titian nei!r made ?is  
!mselves1 nor br\ght !m f af>1 b b\ght  

!n uni=mly 9 ! %ops at ,v5ice4 ,he      
appe>s to ent]ta9 no suspicion ( loss or
 det]ioration ( vehicle2 on ! contr>y1  
?9ks "s arti/s h be5 v successful 9     
copies1 "h r contradict+ 8 =m] rem>ks ^u
 ! diff]5ce betwe5 old copies & new2 b1 
above all1 he attributes ?is dcad5ce (  
art to ! neglect ( col\r4 ,t1 h[ev]1 is 
evid5tly only "o "p ( ! art4 ,we are    
almo/ induc$ to smile ei!r at 8 flatt]y 
or 8 simplicity 9 nam+ c]ta9 exceptions 
( mod]n times1 ^: names w be little kn[n
 to1 & ^? kn[n n mu* 9 ! admiration (1 !
 ,engli% collector1 all ( :om h c>ri$ _!
 art to a v high degree ( p]fection4 ,9 
8 *apt] on ! diff]5t mann]s ( ! ma/]s1 x
 is obs]vable h[ little he has to say ( 
! ,italian s*ools2 almo/ all ! subsequ5t
 rem>ks 9 ! volume are conf9$ to !      
,flemi% & ,dut*4 ,he greatly praises    
,dietrici = 8 mann]1 :i* to u is n      
pleas+1 & :i* we %\ld t]m an imitat+    
flippancy4 ,he tells an anecdote (      
,titian1 :i*1 if x re/ ^u any good      
au?ority1 t5ds to prove t ,titian's     

m$ium mu/ h be5 "o :i* admitt$ ! mixture
 ( wat] ) oil4 ,( ,titian he says1 t at 
! end ( 8 life he us$ to daub 8 be/     
works anew ) r$ pa9t1 because he ?\ght !
 col\r too feeble4 ,b happily 8 pupils  
_h ! address to prev5t ! fatal effects (
 8 fooli%ness1 by mak+ up 8 col\rs )    
wat] only1 or ) an oil t 0 n ( a dry+   
nature4 ,) col\rs gr\nd1 ,titian c\ld n 
h mix$ 8 p5cil 9 oil alone & unmix$--&  
he w\ld himself h imm$iately discov]$ ! 
*eat1 = x w\ld h dri$ z di/emp] dead1 & 
crumbl$ away "u 8 h&4 ,he might h s     
pa9t$1 if oil & wat] _h be5 comb9$1 & ! 
vehicle r5d]$ saponace\s1 :i* x probably
 04 ,_m arti/s h be5 l$1 he obs]ves1 to 
*ange ! mann] f good to bad4 ,we h a    
rem>kable in/ance 9 our ,ga9sbor\gh1 ^: 
latt] scrat*y1 slov5ly mann] is mo/     
displeas+2 nor _h he at any "t an       
imag9ation to ju/ify x1 or r to qualify 
x by ! p[] ( 8 compositions4  ,x is     
/range t he attributes slov5l9ess (     
mann] to ,rembr&t1 f ,av>ice4 ,docum5ts 
h rec5tly be5 produc$ %[+ t ,rembr&t's  

goods 7 seiz$ = paym5t ( no v l>ge debt4
 ,b is n ,m4 de ,burt9 altoge!r mi/ak5 9
 ?is mann] ( ,rembr&t8 ,any ( 8 pictures
 t %[ ?is slov5l9ess1 are1 we %\ld      
suspect1 9 ^? p>ts m]ely sket*$ 9--a    
me?od agreeable to 8 practice1 :i* 0 to 
"w ^u & ^u1 glaz+1 & heap+ col\r--a     
me?od :i* requir$1 9 ! fir/ in/ance1 a  
loose & undef9$ sket*y mann]4 ,"s few   
ye>s ago !re 0 a picture by him exhibit$
 at ! ,in/itution1 ,pall-,mall--dead    
game1 wond]fully pa9t$1 & evid5tly      
unf9i%$2 a boy 9 ! backgr\nd 01 z we    
might t]m x1 daub$ 9 9 a v slov5ly      
mann]1 & ) a gre5i% col\r1 evid5tly = ! 
sake ( t col\r z an und]gr\nd4 ,"u !    
head ,hi/orical 9 ?is *apt]1 x is /range
 to f9d b sev5 names1 ,rub5s1 ,v&yke1   
,rembr&t1 ,lairesse1 ,poelemburg1 ,alb]t
 ,dur]1 & ,hans ,holbe94 ,ev5 ) "s ( ^! 
names x is too mu* hon\r to place       
,lairesse & ,poelemburg4  ,9 ref]5ce to 
! l[] classes ( subjects1 we ?9k ju/ice 
is h>dly done to ,jan ,/e51 ( :om1      
consid]+ him ev5 z a col\ri/1 m %\ld h  

be5 said1 ?an t he is di/+ui%$ by !     
droll]y ( 8 subjects1 & by ! mo/ true & 
+5i\sly simple expression ( ! feel+s (  
common life4 ,all ?is might be said ( _m
 o!rs2 ! *>act]i/ic ( ,jan ,/e5 is /ill 
want+4 ,s we ?9k z to ,philip ,w\v]man2 
no notice is tak5 ( 8 too great s(tness1
 ! evid5t fault ( 8 mann]4 ,nor are we  
satisfi$ ) ! description ( ,backhuys54  
,x %\ld h be5 notic$ 9 :at he is        
di/+ui%$ f ,v&]velde4 ,8 defect 9       
composition is s /rik+1 z frequ5tly to  
%[ a want ( p]spective 9 design1 & (t5  
he has no pr9cipal object 9 8 picture4  
,8 vessels are ei!r too l>ge or too     
small = ! sc5e2 & 8 execution 0 likewise
 too s(t5$4 ,he w9ds up ?is "p ( !      
subject ) a quotation f ,did]ot1 t he _c
 be mann]'d1 ei!r 9 design or col\r+1 :o
 imitates nature scrupul\sly1 & t       
mann]ism comes ( ! ma/] ( ! academy1 ( !
 s*ool1 & ( ! ,antique1 :i* we v mu*    
d\bt1 = ! mann]ism is (t5 9 ! m9d1 !    
peculi>1 ! autographic "* ( ! pa9t]1 :i*
 he /amps ev5 ^u nature4 ,7 a ,wynantz1 

& a ,claude or ,p\ss91 put d[n be=e !   
same sc5e1 h[ diff]5t w\ld be _!        
pictures1 h[ diff]5t ! vision 9 ! eye ( 
! ?ree6 ,a ,claude w\ld see ! di/ances1 
a ,gasp> ,p\ss9 ! middle di/ances & fl[+
 l9es1 & ,wynantz ! docks & ?i/les4 ,!  
*apt] on ! signatures ( ! ,ma/]s1 w be  
f\nd useful to collectors4 ,he says t   
:]e !re is a false signature x is remov$
 by spirits ( w9e1 & t is ! pro( t x is 
false4 ,he does n draw ! inf]5ce1 t z   
spirits ( w9e de/roy ! "o vehicle & n ! 
o!r1 ! old & orig9al1 !y mu/ diff]4     
,ano!r *apt] is devot$ to ,! fam\s      
balance compos$ by ,de ,piles = e/imat+ 
! diff]5t degrees ( m]it 9 ! pr9cipal   
hi/orical pa9t]s4 ,?is fam\s balance is 
a piece ( critical coxcombry ) :i* we   
nev] c\ld h tol]able pati5ce4 ,x is an  
absurd assumption ( sup]iority 9 !      
critic ov] all ! ma/]s t ev] 72 z if he 
alone 7 able to conceive p]fection1 to  
:i* no pa9t] has ev] be5 able to        
advance2 t p]fection on :i* ! critic1 or
 r ,de ,piles1 _h 8 eye1 is ,numb] #bj2 

t no ,pa9t] has approa*$ x ne>] ?an     
n9ete54 ,x comm5ces ) a falsehood 9     
supposition1 t ! critic is above !      
,pa9t]1 or ,art1 or ! only "o really    
cognisant ( x4 ,! fact be+ q ! rev]se1 =
 we "k no?+ t we h n be5 absolutely     
taught by g5ius4 ,x is g5ius t prec$es2 
x is ! mak]1 ! work]1 ! inv5tor1 :o     
alone sees ! /ep beyond4 ,did ! critic  
see ?is /ep he w\ld cease to be !       
critic1 & become ! mak]4 ,he w\ld become
 ! g5ius4 ,9 ! arts1 :e!r ( poetry1     
pa9t+1 or music1 we "k no?+ b :at       
practical g5ius tells u1 %[s u1 tea*es  
u2 seldom is x1 inde$1 t ! s*ol> critic 
compreh5ds fully ! lessons taught2 b to 
pret5d to g be=e ! ma/]s1 & to set up a 
po/ ) 8 ,numb] #bj m>k$ ^u x1 & to bid 8
 ma/] rea* x if he c1 is ! pu]ile play (
 an infant9e intellect1 or v conceit$   
m9d6 ,& s we give ,m4 ,de ,piles1 & all 
8 foll[]s1 a slap 9 ! face1 & bid !m g  
pack+ ) ,numb] #bj4 ,we w n condesc5d to
 pull to pieces ?is fanta/ic s*eme1 :i* 
is 9 its di/9ctions1 & weigh+s &        

calculations1 appreciations &           
depreciations1 z false z x mu/          
necess>ily be1 aris+ f a m9d capable (  
lay+ d[n any su* s*eme at all4 ,! *apt] 
on prices1 & ! li/s conta9$1 w be       
consult$ ) advantage by collectors4 ,x  
conta9s valuable docum5ts1 %[+ !        
fluctuations ( public ta/e4 ,!re is mu* 
useful in=mation ^u clean+ pictures1 &  
on v>ni%es4 ,some?+ has be5 rec5tly said
 to br+ into practice aga9 ! v>ni%+ )   
:ite ( egg4 ,m4 de ,burt9 is decid$ly   
aga9/ ! practice4 ,z to ! v>ni%es (     
wat]1 is+lass1 & :ite ( egg1 e prud5t   
amateur w attack !m ! in/ant t he       
discov]s su* dang]\s enemies1 & w use e 
ef=t to free 8 pictures f !m4 ,we ?9k   
him utt]ly mi/ak5 9 ! foll[+ passage4 ,9
 op]at+ ^u a "w ( art1 :e!r to clean x  
or to raise ! v>ni%1 x ought to be      
rememb]$1 t ! col\rs gr[ h>d only by !  
lapse ( "t4 ,if s1 surely a hundr$ ye>s 
w\ld be "t en\gh to h>d5--b ! *emical   
te/s :i* t\* ! h>d pa9t1 if x be h>d1 ( 
a c5tury old1 w n be applicable to ^? ( 

/ill old] date1 & ( bett] "t4 ,he _h %[n
 ?is unconsci\sly 9 :at he _h said (    
spirits ( w9e4 ,we h tak5 "s pa9s 9 !   
pages ( ,maga to disabuse ! public )    
reg>d to ! imag9>y b5efit ( pa9t+ 9     
v>ni%--a mo/ p]nici\s practice2 & t x is
 s1 we h else:]e giv5 bo? pro( &        
au?orities4 ,we are glad to f9d our     
au?or on our side4 ,besides1 no "o at ! 
pres5t day 7#ahjh7 is ignorant ( _!     
absurd me?od ( pa9t+ 9 v>ni%1 :i*       
corrupts ! col\rs1 & prev5ts !m ev]     
atta9+ ! requisite h>dness4 ,!re is mu* 
useful matt] ^u v>ni%+1 :i* x w be well 
t collectors & keep]s ( public gall]ies 
%\ld read ) att5tion4 ,we d n say foll[1
 b read2 = x is inde$ a v s]i\s matt] to
 recomm5d a v>ni%1 see+ h[ _m pictures  
are totally ru9$ by bad applications4   
,we h be5 told t dry+ oil mix$ ) ma/ic  
v>ni% has be51 ?\gh n v rec5tly1 us$ 9  
our ,national ,gall]y4 ,we hope x is a  
mi/ake1 & t !re has be5 no su* practice4
 ,! effect mu/ be to make !m dull &     
horny1 & to de/roy all brilliancy 9 "t4 

,we say no m ^u t subject1 believ+ t our
 ,national ,gall]y is intru/$ to good   
h&s1 & t :atev] is done1 w be done )    
judgm5t1 & n )\t mu* reflection4 ,a new 
v>ni% has appe>$1 ,b5tley's4 ,we believe
 x is copal1 b r5d]$ removable z ma/ic4 
,x is c]ta9ly v brilliant1 n1 or b      
slightly1 subject to *ill1 & is m       
p]man5t1 z well z almo/ col\rless4 ,de  
,burt9 n only d5\nces ! use ( oil 9     
v>ni%es1 b speaks ( a m disgu/+         
practice1 common 9 ,italy1 ( rubb+      
pictures ) fat1 oil1 or l>d1 or o!r     
animal grease4444 ,s de/ructive a       
practice comes 9 process ( "t to rot !  
picture1 s t x w n hold toge!r4 ,we %\ld
 sc>cely h ?\ght x wor? :ile to notice  
?is1 _h we n se5 pictures s treat$ 9 ?is
 c\ntry4 ,behold a specim5 ( folly &    
haz>d\s exp]im5t3--,at t "t1 ,i frequ5t$
 ! ,dresd5 gall]y e morn+1 & got f ,m4  
,ri$al all ! details ( 8 practice4 ,he  
in=m$ me t1 among/ o!rs1 ! *ief works ( 
,correggio1 ,raffaelle1 ,titian1 &      
,procacc9i1 aft] hav+ und]gone 8        

prep>atory op]ations1 _h got a coat ( 8 
'oil ( fl[]s1' :i* he w\ld repeat1 until
 e "p became 'p]fectly bright4' ,& on my
 rem>k+1 t 9 ! admirable ',v5us' (      
,titian1 ! c>nations alone 7 bright1 &  
all ! re/ flat1 he told me ) p]fect     
coolness1 t 'hav+ only z yet giv5 x ?ree
 coats ( 8 oil1 t x 0 n a/oni%+1 b t he 
w\ld put x all 9 unison by multiply+ !  
coats4' ,! man %\ld h be5 suffocat$ 9 8 
oil ( fl[]s1 pres]v$ 9 !m1 & hung up 9 !
 gall]y 9 t]rorem4 ,c\ld gho/s walk &   
puni%1 we w\ld n h be5 9 8 sk91 ?\gh    
p]fum$ ) 8 pres]vative oil ( fl[]s1 "u !
 visitations ( ! gho/s ( ,correggio1    
,raffaelle1 ,titian1 & ,procacc9i4 ,su*1
 adds ,m4 de ,burt91 0 8 ?reat at ! v   
mom5t t ,i felt ov]p[]$ ) *agr91 to see 
! sup]b c>nations ( ,titian acquir+ a   
yell[i%1 sad1 & monoton\s tone1 ?r\gh ! 
coats t he _h already giv5 to x4  ,we h 
notic$1 at consid]able l5g?1 ?is "w1 & h
 be5 l$ on by ! int]e/ ( ! subject4 ,!  
p]usal ( ?is translation w repay !      
connoisseur1 & we ?9k ! arti/4 ,! =m]1 9

 ?is c\ntry1 w be surpris$ to f9d names 
( arti/s1 ^: works w n be f\nd 9 our    
collections1 at lea/ ) _! titles4 ,!    
arti/ w f9d "s useful in=mation1 & w    
always f9d 8 flame ( en?usiasm f$ by    
read+ works ^u ! subject ( art1 ?\gh !y 
%\ld be v inf]ior to ! pres5t useful    
volume4 ,we recomm5d x z n unamus+ to   
all :o wi% to ?9k ^u art1 & to acquire !
 n[ almo/ necess>y accompli%m5t ( a ta/e
 = pictures4     ,,mann] ,,& ,,matt]4   
,a ,,tale4   ,,*apt] ,i4  ,along ! du/y 
highway1 & und]nea? a ,july sun1 a man  
ab\t fifty1 t5d+ some:at to ! corpul5t1 
& dress$ 9 heavy p>sonic black1 might h 
be5 se5 tread+ sl[ly--tread+ ) all t    
quiet caution :i* "o uses :o1 consci\s (
 fat1 tru/s 8 p]son to ! influ5ce ( a   
summ] sky4 ,mr ,simpson1 su* 0 ! "n (   
?is wor?y p$e/rian1 pass$ "u !          
d5om9ation ( a ma!matical tutor1 ?\gh x 
0 n[ "s "t s9ce he _h be5 kn[n to h any 
pupil4 ,he 0 n[ b5t f ! village ( ------
 to ! c\ntry-seat ( ,sir ,john ,/ev5ton1
 :i* lay 9 its neighb\rhood4 ,he _h     

receiv$ ! unusual hon\r ( an invitation 
to d9n] at ! great man's h\se1 & x 0    
evid5tly necess>y t he %\ld pres5t      
himself1 bo? 8 visage & 8 toilet1 9 a   
/ate ( z mu* composure z possible4 ,!   
du/ ^u 8 v %9+ boot1 ?is a t\* f 8      
pocket-h&k]*ief1 be=e ent]+ ! h\se1 c\ld
 remove1 & s f> all traces ( ! road w\ld
 be oblit]at$2 b %\ld ?is wick$         
p]spiration once fairly break its b\nds1
 he well knew t no?+ b ! lapse ( "t1 & !
 fall ( night1 w\ld recov] him f ?is    
palpable disord]4 ,!re=e x 0 t he walk$ 
) wond]ful placidity1 mak+ no "o movem5t
 ( body or m9d t 0 n absolutely necess>y
 to ! task ( progression1 & hold+       
himself up1 s to speak1 )9 8 habilim5ts 
z if he & !y1 ?\gh unavoidably          
companions on ! same j\rney1 7 by no    
means intimate or will+ associates4 ,!re
 0 a n>r[ /rip ( %ade f ! h$ge t ran    
beside ! road1 & al?\gh ! %ad[ /ill left
 ! nobl] half ( 8 p]son expos$ to ! rays
 ( ! sun1 he kept c>efully )9 su* %elt] 
z x af=d$4 ,if he enc\nt]$ any "o1 he   

/ood /ill & exam9$ ! foliage ( ! h$ge4  
,to dispute ! pa? 9 any o!r mann]1 ) !  
m]e/ ur*9 he might meet1 0 out ( ! "q4  
,x w\ld h caus$ excitem5t4 ,moreov] he 0
 a meek man1 & 9 all d\btful po9ts      
yield$ to ! claim ( o!rs4 ,groc]y-boys &
 b>r[-wom5 always _h ! wall ( him4 ,our 
travell] proce$$ s tranquilly1 t a sp>r[
 boldly hopp$ d[n ^u ! gr\nd be=e him2  
he 0 s resolv$ to ent] into conflict )  
no liv+ creature1 t he paus$ till x _h  
hopp$ (f aga94  ,mr ,simpson's toilet1  
?\gh x _h be5 t day a subject ( great   
anxiety ) him1 pres5t$1 we fe>1 to !    
eyes ( ! _w no?+ rem>kable4 ,a c>eless  
obs]v]1 if que/ion$ on ! app>ition he _h
 met )1 w\ld h repli$ v briefly1 t x 0 !
 figure ( an old p$ant dress$ 9 a suit (
 ru/y black4 ,suit ( ru/y black6 ,& s he
 w\ld dismiss ! aggregate ( all t 0     
*oice1 res]v$1 & preci\s 9 ! w>drobe (  
,mr ,simpson4 ,ru/y black1 inde$6 ,:y1 t
 dress coat1 :i* _h be5 set ap>t = ye>s 
= high & solemn occasions1 _h contract$ 
a fre% dignity & importance f e         

solemnity ) :i* x _h be5 associat$4 ,&  
^? respectable ne!r-g>m5ts1 _h !y n     
always be5 dismiss$ f s]vice ! mom5t he 
re-ent]$ 8 own du/y ap>tm5t8 ,_h !y n   
be5 religi\sly pres]v$ f all abrasion ( 
! surface1 :e!r f cane-bottom$ *air1 or 
t "u portion ( ! libr>y table :i*1 to   
/ud5ts :o cross _! legs1 is f\nd to be s
 peculi>ly p]nici\s to ! nap ( clo?8    
,:at c\ld h made !m worse = we>8 ,w\ld a
 ?\ghtless _w conf\nd ! influ5ce ( !    
all-embrac+ atmosph]e1 ) ! we> & te>    
prop] to clo? habilim5ts8 ,& !n 8       
l95--w\ld a c>eless public refuse to    
take notice t n a s+le button 0 miss+ f 
! %irt1 :i*1 9 g5]al1 _h b "o solit>y   
button rema9+--j "o at ! neck1 probably 
fa/5$ by 8 own h&8 ,above all1 0 x n    
noticeable t he 0 n to-day "u !         
necessity ( hid+ "o h& beh9d him "u !   
lappets ( 8 coat1 & slipp+ ! o!r d[n 8  
half-op5 umbrella1 to conceal !         
dilapidat$ gloves1 b c\ld display bo?   
h&s ) p]fect c&\r to public scrut9y8 ,7 
all ^! s+ul> m]its to pass unackn[l$g$1 

to be se5 by no "o1 or se5 only by      
himself8  ,x 0 an excell5t wi% (        
,burns'--      ,oh1 w\ld "s p[] ! giftie
 gie u1     ,to see ourselves z o!rs see
 u6   ,b x w\ld be a /ill m conv5i5t ?+ 
if "s p[] w\ld give ! re/ ( ! _w !      
faculty ( see+ u z we see ourselves4 ,x 
w\ld produce a mo/ com=table /ate (     
public op9ion2 & on no subject w\ld x   
op]ate m fav\rably ?an on t ( dress4    
,c\ld we spread ov] behold]s ! same     
happy delusion t re/s on ourselves1 :at 
a magical *ange w\ld take place 9 !     
ext]nal appe>ance ( society6 ,mr        
,simpson is n ! only p]son :o might     
compla9 t ! _w w n reg>d 8 sev]al       
articles ( attire f ! same po9t ( view z
 himself4 ,we "k a v *>m+ lady1 :o1 :5  
%e exam9es h] kid gloves1 d\bles h]     
little fi/1 & !n pron\nces--!y w        
d--=getful t %e is n 9 ! habit ( d\bl+  
h] pretty fi/ 9 ! face ( e "o t %e      
speaks to--& t1 !re=e1 o!rs w n take    
exactly ! same po9t ( view z h]self4    
,not)/&+ ! heat ( ! sun1 our ma!matician

 contriv$ to deliv] himself 9 a tol]able
 /ate ( pres]vation at ! mansion ( ,sir 
,john ,/ev5ton4 ,we pass ov] ! c]emony (
 d9n]1 & draw up ! curta9 j at t "t :5 !
 ladies & g5tlem5 h re-assembl$ 9 !     
draw+-room4  ,we look r\nd ! well-dress$
 circle1 & x is "s "t be=e we c discov] 
our wor?y fri5d4 ,at l5g?1 aft] a m9ute 
rese>*1 we f9d him /&+ alone 9 ! remote/
 corn] ( ! room4 ,he is app>5tly engag$ 
9 exam9+ ! bu/ ( ! proprietor ( !       
mansion1 :i* /&s !re ^u its m>ble       
p$e/al4 ,he has almo/ turn$ 8 back ^u ! 
company4 ,any "o1 f 8 attitude1 might   
take him = a connoisseur1 p]haps an     
arti/1 absorb$ 9 8 critical survey4 ,b s
 f> is he f be+ at ! pres5t mom5t drawn 
away by 8 admiration ( ! f9e arts1 t we 
"q :e!r he ev5 sees ! bu/ t is /&+      
upright1 face to face1 be=e him4 ,he has
 got into t corn]1 & kn[s n h[ to move f
 x4 ,he kn[s n :]e else to put himself1 
or :at else to be look+ at4 ,! sc5e 9   
:i* he f9ds himself has1 f ! solitude ( 
8 lat] ye>s1 become /range & emb>rass+4 

,! long] he /&s !re1 ! m impossible does
 x seem = him to get away1 or ev5 to    
turn r\nd & face ! company4 ,! position 
( ! valor\s ,s*melzle1 :o hav+ read ^u a
 bo>d ! notice t spr+ guns 7 set ^u !   
premises1 trembl$ z mu* to retreat z to 
advance1 to move a foot backw>ds or     
=w>ds1 or 9 any direction1 b /ood gaz+  
at ! =midable ann\ncem5t1 0 sc>cely m   
pa9ful ?an t ( ,simpson4 ,al?\gh        
probably n a s+le p]son 9 ! room 0 tak+ 
! lea/ notice ( 8 movem5ts1 he felt t e 
eye 0 ^u him4 ,! col\r 0 m\nt+ 9 8 *eek4
 ,e mom5t 8 situation 0 becom+ m        
intol]able4 ,we are afraid t he w\ld    
soon h committ$ some?+ v absurd--h brok5
 f 8 moor+s ) a %\t--or dispell$ ! sort 
( nightm>e t 0 /ifl+ him by "s viol5t   
ge/ure1 p]haps by deal+ a bl[ at t bu/  
:i* /ood !re s placidly be=e him1 j z ! 
poor y\? did at ! ,briti% ,museum1 :o   
?rew a /one at ! ,portl& vase1 to prove 
t he also 0 a man1 & _h volition1 & 0 n 
to be look$ into /one by ! ,gorgon (    
society4 ,=tunately1 h[ev]1 ,sir ,john  

,/ev5ton himself came to ! rescue4      
,well1 ,mr ,simpson1 said ! b>onet po9t+
 to ! bu/1 d y trace a resemblance8  ,mr
 ,simpson 0 s ov]joy$ to h at l5g? "s "o
 at h& to :om he might speak1 or seem to
 be speak+1 & s connect himself ) !     
society ar\nd him1 t to ! simple "q he  
made n "o only1 b sev]al answ]s1 & v    
dissimil> ones too4 ,9 ! same brea? he  
f\nd x a lik5ess1 yet n v l1 & end$ )   
ask+ = :om x 0 int5d$4  ,sir ,john      
,/ev5ton smil$1 & aft] "o or two        
indiff]5t obs]vations1 l$ ,mr ,simpson  
ap>t into a little /udy or sanctum ( 8  
own1 :i* communicat$ ) ! draw+-room4 ,x 
w be naturally conclud$ t !re exi/$ "s  
peculi> reason = ! invitation pass$ on  
our humble ma!matician1 :o 0 n altoge!r 
! p]son1 "u ord9>y circum/ances1 to f9d 
himself a gue/ at ri* m5's tables4 ,!   
foll[+ conv]sation w expla9 ?is dep>ture
 f ! usual c\rse ( ?+s1 & ! respectable 
conv5tions ( society4  ,y 7 "s ye>s1    
said ,sir ,john1 a tutor 9 ! family ( ! 
late ,mr ,scott8  ,i 01 respond$ ,mr    

,simpson1 & prep>$ 8 son = ,cambridge4  
,_h ! "y man liv$----  ,he w\ld1 ,i am  
sure1 politely int]rupt$ ,sir ,john1 h  
borne te/imony to ! value ( y\r         
in/ruction4 ,i am1 z y may be aw>e1 !   
executor ( ,mr ,scott4 ,t g5tleman 0 s  
well satisfi$ ) ! ex]tions y made1 & !  
int]e/ y took 9 8 son1 t1 on y\r quitt+ 
him1 he pres5t$ y1 ,i believe1 ) an     
annuity ( fifty p\nds1 to be enjoy$ dur+
 y\r life4 ,?is is1 if ,i may be all[$  
to say s1 ! *ief s\rce ( y\r income4  ,!
 only "o1 answ]$ ,mr ,simpson4 ,= al?\gh
 ,i will+ly proclaim myself tutor (     
ma!matics1 because a title1 no matt]    
:at1 is a protection f ! idle curiosity 
( neighb\rs2 yet1 if ,i may v5ture to   
say s1 my life is1 inde$1 devot$ to     
sci5ce = ! love ( sci5ce itself1 & ) !  
hope ( enroll+ my "n1 al?\gh ! v la/ &  
humble/1 among/ ^? :o h p]fect$ our k ( 
! ma!matics1 & ext5d$ _! application4 ,i
 h already conceiv$1 & 9 "p execut$ a   
"w4  ,mr ,simpson 0 laun*+ on ! full    
tide ( 8 fav\rite subject4 ,he ?\ght1 z 

good simple creatures always d1 t he    
c\ld n make a bett] return = !          
hospitalities ( ! ri* man1 ?an by p\r+  
out 8 :ole he>t be=e him4 ,sad mi/ake   
:i* ^! simple p fall into6 ,! ri* man   
c>es no?+ = _! he>t1 & is v susceptible 
to ennui4  ,v good1 int]rupt$ ,sir      
,john1 v good2 b ) reg>d to ?is annuity4
 ,i h n yet look$ ov] ! pap]s relat+ to 
x1 & ,i hope1 = y\r sake1 ,i %all f9d x 
prop]ly secur$4  ,i h a de$ =mally drawn
 up4  ,true1 true2 & ,i hope all w be   
f\nd /raight=w>d 9 ?is1 & 9 o!r affairs 
( ! te/ator1 & t no?+ w compel me to    
call 9 ! assi/ance or sanction ( ! ,c\rt
 ( ,*anc]y 9 adm9i/]+ ! e/ate4 ,9 t     
case1 al?\gh y\r claim might be         
ultimately sub/antiat$1 yet ! paym5t (  
y\r annuity might1 = "s ye>s1 be        
susp5d$4  ,i pray ,god n6 exclaim$ our  
man ( sci5ce ) "s trepidation4 ,i h liv$
 s mu* alone1 s entirely among/ my      
figures & diagrams1 t ,i h n a fri5d 9 !
 _w ( :om ,i c\ld borr[ sixp5ce4  ,well1
 ,i tru/1 resum$ ,sir ,john1 aft] a %ort

 pause1 t !re w be no occasion = apply+ 
to a ,c\rt ( ,*anc]y4 ,!re ought to be  
none4 ,!re is b "o *ild1 ,mrs ,v9c5t1   
:om y h se5 ?is ev5+ 9 ! draw+-room4 ,! 
great ess5tial is to keep pry+ &        
m$dlesome attorneys f ?ru/+ !mselves    
into ! bus9ess4 ,y act$ z confid5tial   
secret>y z well z tutor1 :ile y 7       
domicil$ ) ,mr ,scott4  ,i did4  ,!re 0 
a pecuni>y transaction betwe5 myself &  
,mr ,scott1 to :i* ,i ?9k y 7 privy4  ,a
 loan ( t5 ?\s& p\nds1 = :i* y gave y\r 
bond4  ,exactly4 ,i see y are in=m$ ( t 
circum/ance4 ,y are n1 p]haps1 equally  
well in=m$ t t bond 0 cancell$2 t !     
debt1 9 %ort1 0 paid4 ,?is happ5$ aft] y
 _h left ,mr ,scott4 ,b al?\gh1 z ,i    
tell y1 ?is debt no long] exi/s1 yet x  
might create a great emb>rassm5t to me1 
& to e p]son int]e/$ 9 ! e/ate ( !      
te/ator1 if x 7 kn[n t su* a debt ev] _h
 exi/$4 ,mrs ,v9c5t has j return$ f     
,india1 expect+ a v consid]able =tune f 
h] late fa!r4 ,to h]1 9 g5]al t]ms1 !   
:ole prop]ty is left4 ,%e w be          

disappo9t$4 ,!re is mu* less ?an %e     
anticipates4 ,h[ev]1 n to make a long   
/ory ( ?is matt]1 all ,i h to reque/ ( y
 is ?is1 if any "o %\ld "q y z to !     
prop]ty ( y\r late patron1 & especially 
z to ?is transaction1 be y sil5t--"k    
no?+4 ,y h ev] be5 a man ( books1 buri$ 
9 ab/ractions1 ! answ] w appe> q        
natural4 ,?is w save y1 be assur$1 f mu*
 vexation1 disquietude1 & griev\s       
int]ruption to y\r /udies1 & ,i %all re/
 y\r debtor = y\r consid]ate behavi\r4  
,a contr>y c\rse w create emb>rassm5t to
 all p>ties1 & put 9 jeop>dy y\r own    
annuity1 on :i*1 z y say1 y dep5d =     
subsi/5ce1 & ! c>ry+ out ( y\r sci5tific
 projects4  ,z ,mr ,simpson sat sil5t   
dur+ ?is communication1 ,sir ,john      
cont9u$ "s "t long] 9 ! same /ra94 ,he  
made no d\bt t ! simple ma!matician be=e
 him 0 q "u 8 influ5ce--0 completely 9 8
 p[]4 ,t simple p]son1 h[ev]1 :o liv$ 9 
obscurity1 almo/ 9 p5ury--to society an 
object ( its wisely direct$ ridicule--0 
a man ( hon\r4 ,little _h he to d ) !   

_w2 ev5 its good op9ion 0 sc>cely ( any 
importance to him4 ,:at to him 0 !      
fa/idi\sness ( virtue--to him :om pov]ty
 exclud$ f ! ref9$ portion ( society1 & 
k & education f ! vulg> & illit]ate8    
,:at c\ld he pr(it by x8 ,no?+1         
absolutely no?+4 ,& yet !re 0 no p[] on 
e>? c\ld h made ?is man false to 8      
hon\r4 ,p>tly1 p]haps1 f 8 v e/rangem5t 
f ! bus9ess ( ! _w1 8 s5se ( virtue _h  
reta9$ its fre% & y\?ful susceptibility4
 ,z is ! case ) all su* m51 he 0 sl[ to 
attribute villany to o!rs4 ,?is x 0 _h  
kept him sil5t2 he wait$ to be q conv9c$
 t he und]/ood ,sir ,john4 ,:5 ! tru?   
/ood pla9ly reveal$1 :5 x became evid5t 
to him t ?is debt ( t5 ?\s& p\nds 0 n   
paid1 & t he 0 br\ght !re to be brib$ or
 intimidat$ into a guilty secrecy1 8    
:ole s\l fir$ up ) indignation4  ,he _h 
li/5$1 z we say1 9 sil5ce4 ,:5 satisfi$ 
t he p]fectly compreh5d$ ,sir ,john1 he 
rose f 8 seat1 & briefly intimat+ t he  
%\ld n leave him long 9 d\bt z to !     
mann] 9 :i* he %\ld act1 turn$1 &       

abruptly left ! ap>tm5t4 ,sir ,john _h  
no "t to arre/ him1 & c\ld only foll[1 &
 be a witness to 8 movem5ts4 ,he        
re-ent]$ ! draw+-room4 ,:]e 7 n[ all !  
t]rors ( t sc5e8 ,:]e ! awe :i* its easy
 elegant c]emonial inspir$8 ,gone1      
utt]ly gone4 ,he _h n[ a duty to fulfil4
 ,y w\ld h said x 0 ano!r man4 ,_h he   
be5 ! proprietor ( ! mansion1 he c\ld n 
h ent]$ ) a m assur$ & unemb>rass$ air4 
,!re 0 a p]fect fre$om & dignity 9 8    
demean\r z he /epp$ across ! room4 ,9 ! 
c5tre ( ! room1 ?ron$1 z x 71 ^u ! s(a1 
sat two ladies1 rem>kable above all !   
o!rs1 = ! f9i%$ elegance ( _! mann]1 & !
 spl5d\r ( _! toilet4 ,! "o 0 ,lady     
,/ev5ton1 ! o!r ,mrs ,v9c5t4 ,"s m9utes 
ago1 n = all ! _w w\ld he h /ood alone  
^u t piece ( c>pet 9 front ( ?is s(a4   
,no c\rti]1 assur$ ( ! mo/ smil+        
reception1 c\ld h drawn 8 *air ) m ease 
to ! vacant spot beside ,mrs ,v9c5t1 ?an
 did n[ ,mr ,simpson4 ,he imm$iately    
ent]$ into conv]sation on ! subject t at
 ! mom5t engross$ all 8 ?\ghts2 he      

rem9d$ h] ( ! confid5tial intimacy :i*  
_h subsi/$ betwe5 himself & h] late     
fa!r2 pr(f]$ 8 assi/ance to aid h] 9 !  
arrangem5t ( h] affairs2 &1 9 p>ticul>1 
gave a succ9ct acc\nt ( ! transaction   
:i* ,sir ,john _h manife/$ s great      
anxiety to conceal4  ,! mann] 9 :i* all 
?is 0 said1 s entirely took ,sir ,john  
,/ev5ton by surprise1 t he 0 unable to  
int]f]e ) a s+le ^w4 ,mrs ,v9c5t1 to :om
 ! in=mation 0 evid5tly q new1 conceal$ 
! emb>rassm5t %e felt 9 "s g5]al        
expressions ( ?anks to ,mr ,simpson4    
,he1 :5 he _h fulfill$ 8 object1 rose1 &
 mak+ a pr(\nd b[ to 8 ho/ & ho/ess1    
quitt$ ! h\se4 ,8 demean\r 0 su*1 t 8   
ho/ involunt>ily return$ 8 salutation ) 
"o ( m>k$ def]5ce & respect4   ,,*apt]  
,,ii4  ,a ye> _h roll$ r\nd1 & ,mrs     
,v9c5t 0 e/abli%$ 9 all h] rights4 ,sir 
,john ,/ev5ton _h be5 disappo9t$ 9 !    
fraudul5t s*eme he _h devis$2 n         
disappo9t$1 h[ev]1 z he deem$1 9 !      
rev5ge he _h tak5 on ! man :o _h        
fru/rat$ x4 ,paym5t ( ,mr ,simpson's    

annuity 0 resi/$1 & ! poor ma!matician 0
 9 great /raits = ^? necess>ies ( life1 
:i*1 necess>y z !y may be1 are (t5 ) a  
great portion ( ! human family v        
=tuit\s4 ,ask n on :at legal pretexts   
,sir ,john _h be5 successful 9 inflict+ 
?is rev5ge4 ,su* pretexts are ?ick z    
blackb]ries4 ,facilis e/ desc5sus--,no  
ri* suitor ev] s\ght long = admission   
into ! ,c\rt ( ,*anc]y1 h[ev] difficult 
ev5 he may h f\nd ! escape f x4 ,nei!r1 
d we appreh5d1 is !re any rem$y = ?is   
abuse ( law1 9 ! legal re=ms usually    
contemplat$ by our legislators4 ,! only 
effective rem$y1 if we may be "h p]mitt$
 to give a rem>k1 w\ld be ?is--t ! /ate 
adm9i/] civil ju/ice at its own exp5se  
to ri* & poor alike--t1 z x protects ea*
 man's life & limb1 s x %\ld protect ea*
 man's prop]ty1 :i* is ! means ( life1  
:i* is (t5 z ess5tial to him z ! limbs  
by :i* he moves4 ,?is is ! only mode (  
realiz+ t equal ju/ice :i* at pres5t is 
! va9 boa/ ( e sy/em ( jurisprud5ce1 :5 
! suitor has to pay = protection to 8   

prop]ty4  ,poor ,simpson1 :o _h liv$ =  
"s ye>s on 8 scanty annuity1 & _h liv$  
cont5t1 = 8 wants 7 few1 & 8 m9d utt]ly 
absorb$ 9 8 sci5ce1 n[ f\nd himself )\t 
! simple/ means ( subsi/5ce4 ,he _h     
escap$1 z he ?\ght1 = ev]1 f ! necessity
 ( apply+ 8 sci5ce to satisfy m]e animal
 wants2 he began to ?9k he %\ld be v    
=tunate if all 8 sci5ce w\ld procure =  
him ! commone/ bo>d & lodg+6 ,:5 a man  
has ceas$ to cultivate 8 relation%ip )  
society1 & wi%es1 aft] a "t1 to return  
to !m1 he w f9d t a blank wall has be5  
built up betwe5 him & ! _w4 ,!re is n   
ev5 a door to knock at1 let alone !     
*ance ( its op5+ :5 he knocks4 ,our     
ma!matician knew n :]e to look = a      
pupil1 nor = a fri5d :o w\ld recomm5d   
him4 ,"s unavail+ attempts he made to   
obta9 8 rights ?r\gh litigation2 b he   
soon f\nd1 t to ! loss ( 8 money he 0   
add+ only ! loss ( all tranquillity (   
m9d4 ,! lawy] he employ$ neglect$ 7& v  
naturally7 a suit :i* w\ld h requir$ on 
8 "p l>ge advances1 ! repaym5t ( :i* 0 v

 prec>i\s4  ,9 ?is pr$icam5t he be?\ght 
himself ( mak+ an appeal to ,mrs ,v9c5t1
 ! lady :om he _h b5efit$ by 8 simple & 
/raight=w>d hone/y2 n t he held h] "u   
any peculi> obligation to him2 :at he _h
 done 0 by no means to oblige h]2 x 0   
/rictly a self-obligation2 he c\ld n h  
act$ o!rwise1 let ! consequ5ces h be5   
:at !y might4 ,b he reason$ ) himself1 t
 ! annuity ( :i* he 0 depriv$ w\ld fall 
into ! g5]al residue ( ! e/ate1 & be 9  
fact paid to h]2 & z he c\ld n believe t
 %e w\ld wi% to pr(it by ! villany (    
,sir ,john1 he ?\ght !re c\ld be no?+   
d]ogatory to him1 nor exact+ ^u h]1 if  
he propos$ to rel9qui% entirely 8 legal 
claim ^u ! e/ate1 & receive ! annuity f 
h] h&s4 ,%e mu/ surely be desir\s1 he   
?\ght1 to fulfil ! solemn engagem5ts (  
h] deceas$ p>5t4 ,full ( ^! cogitations1
 he betook himself to ,london1 :]e ,mrs 
,v9c5t _h e/abli%$ h]self4  ,! read] mu/
 imag9e himself introduc$ into an       
elegantly furni%$ draw+-room1 9 "o ( !  
mo/ fa%ionable qu>t]s ( ! metropolis4   

,_h we any tal5t = ! description ( !    
miracles ( uphol/]y1 x w\ld be a s9 to  
pass ov] s sup]b & ta/eful a sc5e )\t a 
^w4 ,b ! little descriptive p[] we      
possess mu/ be res]v$ = ! lady :o 0     
sitt+ 9 ! mid/ ( "o ( ^? dome/ic        
m9iature palaces1 ( :i* ! int]iors (    
,london c\ld pres5t s great a numb]4    
,mrs ,v9c5t _h lately become a wid[1 at 
! op5+ ( our n>rative1 & 0 !re=e /ill   
dress$ 9 black4 ,b ?\gh 9 black1 or r   
p]haps on t v acc\nt1 h] attire 0       
peculi>ly co/ly4 ,9 black only c        
magnific5ce ( app>el be p]fectly alli$ )
 purity ( ta/e4 ,& c]ta9ly no?+ c\ld    
h>monize bett] ?an ! ri* sat9 dress1 & !
 sup]b sc>f ( lace :i* fell ov] x ) su* 
a gorge\s levity4 ,a pope 9 8 highe/ day
 ( fe/ival might h covet$ t lace4       
,betwe5 ! black sat9 & ! light folds ( !
 sc>f1 reliev$ by ! "o1 & temp]$1 &     
sometimes half hidd5 by ! o!r1 play$ a  
diamond cross1 :i* might h be5 ! ransom 
( a ,great ,mogul4 ,! features ( ,mrs   
,v9c5t 7 rem>kably delicate1 & h] pale  

beauty 0 ( t ord] :i* especially int]e/s
 ! imag9ation4 ,%e wore h] hair pla9ly  
p>t$ ^u ei!r side1 reveal+ ! *>m+ cont\r
 ( h] well-%ap$ head4 ,a patri>* w\ld h 
glori$ 9 8 age if x gave him ! privilege
 to take t de> head betwe5 8 h&s1 &     
impr9t 8 holy kiss ^u ! =ehead4 ,h]     
little girl1 h] sole companion & *ief   
treasure 9 ! _w1 /ood prattl+ be=e h]2 &
 ! beauty ( ! "y "m 0 t5fold increas$ by
 ! utt] =getfulness ( h]self1 :i* %e    
manife/$ z %e b5t ov] h] *ild1 absorb$ 9
 ! beauty ( t de> little image :i* %e 0 
nev] we>y ( c>ess+4  ,mrs ,v9c5t 0 ev5 m
 fasc9at+ 9 mann] ?an 9 appe>ance4 ,%e 0
 "o ( ^? *>m+ little p]sonages :om e "o 
idolizes1 :om m5 & wom5 alike cons5t to 
pet4 ,x 0 impossible to be 9 ! same room
 ) h] half an h\r )\t be+ p]fectly ready
 to d e ?+1 reasonable or unreasonable1 
t %e c\ld reque/ ( y4 ,! *>m ( h]       
conv]sation1 or r ( h] society1 0       
irresi/ible2 !re 0 a sweet subdu$ gaiety
 9 h] spee*1 acc5t1 & ge/ures :i* made y
 happy1 y knew n :y2 & ?\gh by no means 

a wit1 nor lay+ ! lea/ claim to be a    
clev] p]son1 !re 0 a sprightly music 9  
h] tones1 & a spontane\s vivacity 9 h]  
language1 :i* left a f> m delightful    
impression ?an ! mo/ decid$ wit4  ,:]e  
%all we f9d a m beautiful picture ?an t 
( a "y "m1 & t "m a wid[1 b5d+ ov] !    
glossy tresses ( h] *ild8 ,nev] is woman
 s attractive1 s subdu+2 nev] does %e s 
t5d]ly claim our protection2 nev] is %e 
s completely protect$1 s unassailable1 s
 pr$om9ant4 ,poor ,simpson felt 8 he>t  
p5etrat$ ) ! holie/ love & v5]ation :5  
he ent]$ ! room4  ,no?+ c\ld exce$ !    
graceful & b5evol5t mann] 9 :i* ,mrs    
,v9c5t receiv$ him4 ,he _h be5 ! tri$   
fri5d ( h] fa!r1 ! belov$ tutor ( h]    
bro!r2 he _h lately be5 ( signal s]vice 
to h]self4 ,mr ,simpson 0 ov]p[]$ ) 8   
reception4 ,! object ( 8 visit seem$    
already accompli%$4 ,h>dly did x appe>  
necess>y to proce$ ) any v]bal /atem5t2 
surely %e knew 8 position1 & ?is 0      
en\gh4 ,%e _h be5 re/or$ to h] rights2  
%e w\ld n1 %e c\ld n1 all[ him to suff] 

by an act :i* l$ to t re/oration2 /ill  
less w\ld %e cons5t to reap h]self !    
b5efit ( an inju/ice p]petrat$ ^u him4  
,"s explanation1 h[ev]1 ( ! object ( 8  
visit he f\nd x necess>y to make4 ,:5 he
 _h conclud$ ! brief /atem5t :i* he     
?\ght suffici5t1 ! lady answ]$ 9 ! s(te/
 voice 9 ! _w--t %e 0 sorry %e c\ld n   
ent] ^u t subject1 z %e _h promis$ ,sir 
,john ,/ev5ton n to int]f]e betwe5 him &
 ,mr ,simpson--t ,sir ,john _h exact$   
?is promise1 & %e _h giv5 x1 z necess>y 
to facilitate ! arrangem5t ( h] affairs4
 ,:at c\ld %e d1 an unprotect$ woman1 ) 
! int]e/s ( h] *ild dep5d+ ^u h]8 ,%e 0 
b\nd1 !re=e1 %e regrett$ to say1 n to   
int]m$dle 9 ! bus9ess4 ,b !n ,mr        
,simpson c\ld proce$ ) 8 legal rem$ies4 
,%e did n presume to pass an op9ion ^u !
 ju/ice ( 8 claim1 or to advise him n to
 prosecute x4  ,9 brief1 %e _h giv5 up !
 brave & hon\rable man1 :o _h befri5d$  
h] at ! p]il ( 8 =tune1 to ! rev5ge ( ! 
weal?y1 unscrupul\s b>onet1 :o _h int5d$
 to defraud h]4 ,x 0 s agreeable to be  

on amicable t]ms ) h] fa!r's executor4  
,our ma!matician d\bt$ 8 e>s4 ,yet s x  
04 ,& x 0 all repeat$ to him 9 ! bl&e/  
mann] 9 ! _w4 ,%e seem$ to ?9k t a duty 
to any "o else b h] *ild 0 out ( ! "q4  
,we believe t _m int]e/+ & beautiful    
mo!rs h ! same idea4  ,mr ,simpson gasp$
 = brea?4 ,"s q g5]al rem>k 0 ! only "o 
t rose to 8 lip4 ,y are angels--to look 
^u1 he half-murmur$ to himself4  ,x 0 n 
9 8 disposition to play ! petition]1 &  
/ill less to give v5t to feel+s (       
indignation1 :i* w\ld be ?\ght to h _!  
orig9 only 9 8 own p]sonal injuries4 ,x 
0 /ill surprise t 0 pr$om9ant 9 him1 z  
at l5g? he exclaim$--,b surely1 madam1 y
 d n und]/& ?is matt]4 ,?is annuity 0   
hone/ly won by long s]vices r5d]$ to y\r
 fa!r1 & to 8 son4 ,in/ead ( receiv+ o!r
 paym5ts1 ,i _h pref]r$ to be f9ally    
remun]at$ 9 ?is =m--x 0 my desire to    
obta9 :at 9 my humble ideas 0 an        
indep5d5ce1 t ,i might devote my life to
 sci5ce4 ,well1 ?is annuity1 x is my    
all--x /&s betwe5 me & absolute p5ury--x

 is ! plank on :i* ,i sail ov] ! wat]s (
 life4 ,i h1 too1 an object = my        
exi/5ce1 :i* ?is alone r5d]s possible4  
,i h /udies to pursue1 discov]ies to    
make4 ,?is sum ( money is m ?an my life1
 x is my lic5se to /udy & to ?9k4  ,oh1 
b1 ,mr ,simpson1 int]rupt$ ! lady ) a   
smile1 ,i und]/& no?+ ( ma!matics4  ,mr 
,simpson *eck$ himself4 ,no1 %e did n   
und]/& him4 ,:at 0 8 love ( sci5ce or 8 
hope ( fame to h]8 ,:at to h] 0 any "o (
 ! pa9s & pleasures t con/itut$ 8       
exi/5ce8  ,besides1 add$ ! lady1 y are a
 ba*elor1 ,mr ,simpson4 ,y h no *ildr54 
,x c matt] little----  ,a grim smile    
play$ ^u ! features ( ! ma!matician4 ,he
 0 probably ab\t to prove to h]1 t z    
*ildr5 are de/9$ to become m51 ! int]e/s
 ( a man may n be an unwor?y subject (  
anxiety4 ,h[ev] important a p]son a *ild
 may be1 a man is some?+ m4 ,b at ?is   
mom5t a s]vant ent]$1 & ann\nc$ ,sir    
,john ,/ev5ton6  ,on p]ceiv+ ,mr        
,simpson1 t g5tleman 0 ab\t to retreat1 
& ) a look ( some?+ l di/ru/ at ,mrs    

,v9c5t1 he said t he w\ld call aga94    
,nay1 come 96 exclaim$ ! ma!matician ) a
 cle> voice4 ,come 96 ,! lady has n     
brok5 h] ^w1 nor by me %all %e be       
petition$ to d s4 ,x is ,i :o w quit ?is
 place4 ,y h succe$$1 ,sir ,john1 9 y\r 
rev5ge--y h succe$$1 & yet p]haps x is  
an imp]fect success4 ,y %all n rack !   
he>t1 ?\gh y %\ld />ve ! body4 ,y ?9k1  
p]haps1 ,i %all pursue y ) objurgation  
or entreaty4 ,y are mi/ak54 ,i leave y  
to ! enjoym5t ( y\r triumph1 & to !     
peace :i* a blunt$ consci5ce w1 ,i "k1  
be/[ ^u y4  ,sir ,john mutt]$1 9 reply1 
t he c\ld n debate matt]s ( bus9ess1 b  
mu/ ref] him to 8 solicitor4  ,nei!r    
p]sonally1 cont9u$ ,mr ,simpson1 nor by 
y\r solicitor1 w y he> m ( me4 ,i %all  
=get y1 ,sir ,john4 ,:atev] suff]+s y   
may inflict1 y %all n fill my he>t )    
bitt]ness4 ,y\r memory %all n call =? a 
s+le curse f me4 ,approa*4 ,be fri5dly  
to ?is lady4 ,be mutually c\rte\s1 bl&1 
& affable--:at o!r virtues d y "k8  ,he 
/rode out ( ! room4 ,8 p>t+ ^w 0 no idle

 boa/4 ,sir ,john he>d ( him & ( 8 j    
claims no m2 & ! brave-he>t$ man swept !
 memory ( ! villa9 f 8 s\l4 ,he w\ld n h
 x !re4  ,! b>onet soo!d 8 consci5ce1 if
 x ev] gave him any uneas9ess1 by !     
supposition t ! ag$ ma!matician _h f\nd 
"s pupils--t probably he ek$ out z      
com=table a subsi/5ce z be=e1 & _h only 
ex*ang$ ! dreamy pursuit ( sci5tific    
fame1 = ! m practical lab\rs ( tuition4 
,b no su* =tune att5d$ ,mr ,simpson4 ,he
 _h liv$ too long out ( ! _w to f9d ei!r
 fri5ds or pupils1 & ! m manife/ 8      
pov]ty1 ! m hopeless became 8           
applications4 ,mean:ile1 utt] de/itution
 /ood face to face be=e him4 ,did he    
sp5d 8 la/ co9 9 ! pur*ase ( ! mortal   
dose8 ,did he leap at night f any ( !   
bridges ( ! metropolis8 ,he 0 built (   
/\t] /uff4 ,he collect$ toge!r 8        
manuscripts1 a book or two1 :i* _h      
happily = him be5 unsaleable1 8         
ink-bottle & an iron p51 & m>*$         
/raight--to ! p>i% workh\se4 ,!re 0 no  
refus+ 8 claim "h4 ,pov]ty & fam9e 7    

legible 9 e g>m5t1 & on e feature4 ,9 t 
asylum he end$ 8 days1 unkn[n1 uns\ght  
=4  ,"o ( 8 companions1 dress$ l        
himself1 9 ! workh\se co/ume1 :o _h     
ga!r$ t he 0 ! suff]] by "s act (       
inju/ice ( a ri* oppressor1 ?\ght1 on "o
 occasion1 to console him by !          
reflection1 t 8 wrongdo] w\ld c]ta9ly   
suff] = x 9 ! next _w--9 8 own en]getic 
language1 t he w\ld c]ta9ly be d----d4  
,n on my acc\nt--n1 ,i hope1 on my      
acc\nt1 said ! ma!matician1 ) ! greate/ 
simplicity 9 ! _w4 ,no rev5ge ei!r "h or
 h]eaft]4 ,b if civil gov]nm5t des]v$ ! 
"n1 x w\ld h giv5 me ju/ice n[4 ,_h ,i  
be5 robb$ ( sixp5ce on ! highway1 !re   
w\ld h be5 hue & cry--! (fic]s (        
gov]nm5t w\ld n h re/$ till !y _h f\nd &
 puni%$ ! culprit4 ,i am robb$ ( all2 &1
 because ,i am poor &                   
unfri5d$--circum/ances :i* make ! loss  
irrem$iable--! law puts =? no h& to help
 me4 ,m5 w prate ab\t ! exp5se--! burd5 
on ! national rev5ue--z if ju/ice to all
 7 n ! v fir/ object ( gov]nm5t--z if--b

 truce to ?is4 ,my good fri5d1 y see ^! 
fragm5ts ( snuff t ,i h collect$--c\ld y
 get !m ex*ang$ = me = a little ink8    
,,m>/on2 ,,or1 ,,! ,,memoirs ,,( ,a     
,,/atesman4                  ,"p ,,xx4  
,h ,i n 9 my "t he>d lions ro>8     ,h  
,i n he>d ! sea1 puft up ) w9d1         
,rage l an angry bo> *af$ ) sweat8      
,h ,i n he>d great ordnance 9 ! field1  
,& ,heav5's artill]y ?und] 9 ! skies8   
,h ,i n 9 ! pit*$ battle he>d     ,l\d  
'l>ums1 neigh+ /e$s1 & trumpets clang8  
,%akspe>e4   ,z my mission 0 b tempor>y1
 & might be att5d$ ) p]sonal haz>d1 ,i  
_h left ,clotilde 9 ,engl&1 mu* to h]   
regret1 & travell$ ) z small a ret9ue z 
possible2 & 9 g5]al by unfrequ5t$ ways1 
to avoid ! ,fr5* patroles :i* 7 already 
spread ?r\gh ! neighb\rhood ( !         
high-roads4 ,b1 at ,burgos1 ! ,spani%   
comm&ant1 on ! deliv]y ( my passport1   
insi/$ s /rongly on ! necessity = an    
escort1 plac+ ! wi% on a feel+ ( 8      
p]sonal responsibility1 9 case ( my     
fall+ into ! enemy's h&s1 t to save !   

seor's consci5ce1 or 8 commission1 ,i   
cons5t$ to take a few troop]s1 ) "o ( 8 
aides-de-camp1 to see me 9 safety ?r\gh 
! ,si]ra ,mor5a4  ,! aide-de-camp 0 a   
"*2 a little meagre be+1 :o1 aft] a long
 life ( idl5ess & half-pay1 0 sudd5ly   
call$ into s]vice2 & n[ figur$ 9 a      
/aff-coat & fea!r4 ,8 fir/ commission _h
 be5 9 ! luckless exp$ition ( ,c\nt     
,o',reilly aga9/ ! ,moors2 & x _h       
probably s]v$ him z a topic1 f t "t to !
 mom5t :5 he pl$g$ 8 r5[n = my safe     
deliv]y into ! h&s ( ! junta ( ,ca/ile4 
,he _h ?ree lead+ ideas1 :i* =m$ !      
elem5ts ( 8 body & s\l1--8 exploits 9 ! 
,moori% campaign2 8 contempt = ! monks2 
& 8 value = ! tal5ts1 c\rage1 & fame (  
,don ,ignacio ,tru5o ,relampago1 !      
illu/ri\s appellative ( ! little        
aide-de-camp himself4 ,he talk$ )\t m]cy
 z we rode along2 & gave 8 op9ions ) all
 ! easy conviction ( an (fic] on ! /aff1
 & all ! fre$om ( ! wild]ness4 ,!       
exp$ition to ,africa _h fail$ solely =  
want ( adopt+ ! tactics :i* he w\ld h   

advis$2 & 8 public s]vices 9 secur+ !   
retreat w\ld h done hon\r to ! ,cid1 or 
to ,alex&] ! ,great1 _h n milit>y       
jeal\sy refus$ to transmit !m to !      
national e>4 ,8 op9ion ( ,spani%        
politics 01 t !y ow$ _! occasional      
mi/akes solely to ! culpable neglig5ce (
 ! w>-m9i/] 9 ov]look+ ! gallant        
subalt]ns ( ! national army4 ,spa9 he   
reg>d$ z ! natural sov]eign ( ,europe2  
&1 ( c\rse1 ( all mank9d--its fall+     
occasionally into ! backgr\nd be+       
satisfactorily acc\nt$ = by ! ,fr5*     
desc5t ( h] exi/+ dyna/y1 by ! visible  
det]ioration 9 ! royal manufacture (    
cig>s1 &1 m ?an ei!r1 by ! t>d9ess (    
milit>y promotion4 ,?is la/ grievance 0 
! /+4 ,if ju/ice _h be5 done1 exclaim$ !
 new-fea!r$ w>rior1 ris+ 9 8 /irrups1 & 
wav+ 8 h&1 z if he 0 9 ! act ( cleav+   
d[n a ,moor1 ,i %\ld long s9ce h be5 a  
g5]al4 ,if ,i _h be5 a g5]al1 ! armies (
 ,spa9 w\ld long s9ce h be5 on a v      
diff]5t foot+4 ,m5 ( m]it w\ld h be5    
plac$ 9 _! prop] positions2 ! troops    

w\ld h emulat$ ! exploits ( _! =efa!rs 9
 ! age ( ,f]d9& & ,isabella2 &1 in/ead (
 receiv+ a k+ f ,france1 we %\ld h giv5 
h] "o2 :ile1 in/ead ( see+ a ,fr5*      
emp]or c>ry+ (f our pr9ces1 z ! hawk    
c>ries (f pigeons1 or z a gipsy picks   
y\r pocket "u pret5ce ( tell+ y\r =tune1
 we %\ld h be5 g>rison+ ,p>is ) our     
battalions1 & s5d+ a vic]oy to !        
,tuil]ies4  ,i laugh$2 b my ill-tim$    
mir? _h ne>ly co/ me an affair ( hon\r )
 ! little reg5]ator4 ,8 h& 0 in/antly on
 ! hilt ( 8 sword1 & e wr9kle on 8 br[n 
visage 0 swell+ ) wra?2 :5 my bett]     
g5ius prevail$1 ,he probably recollect$ 
t he 0 s5t z my protector1 & t ! (fice  
w\ld n h be5 fulfill$ accord+ to 8      
in/ructions1 by runn+ me ?r\gh !        
midriff4 ,b1 ) all 8 pomposity1 he _h ! 
national good-nature2 & :5 we sat d[n to
 our *ick5 & bottle ( ,t9to 9 "o ( ^?   
delici\s valleys1 he 0 full ( remorse = 
8 bur/ ( patriotic temp]4  ,! day _h be5
 a cont9u$ blaze ( sun%9e1 ! road a     
burn+ s&1 & ! contra/ ( ! spot :]e we   

made our halt 0 tempt+4 ,! sc5e 0 ri* & 
riant1 ! ev5+ lovely1 & ! w9e good4 ,i  
c\ld h repos$ !re = a mon?1 or a ye>1 or
 = ev]4 ,x w\ld h be5 en\gh to make a   
man turn h]mit2 & ,i in/9ctively gaz$   
r\nd1 to look = ! conv5t :i* mu/ lie 9 s
 luxuri\s a site4 ,my companion in=m$ me
 t ,i 0 p]fectly "r 9 my conjecture1 t  
spot hav+ be5 ! position ( "o ( ! ri*e/ 
bro!rhoods ( ,spa94 ,b its opul5ce _h   
be5 unluckily display$ 9 r too o/5tati\s
 a /yle 9 ! eyes ( a ,fr5* brigade2 :o1 
9 consequ5ce1 pack$ up ! plate 9 _!     
baggage1 &1 9 ! c\rse ( a tumult :i*    
foll[$ ) ! peasantry1 burn$ ! build+ to 
! gr\nd4  ,yet1 ?is mis=tune 0 ! s\rce (
 b slight condol5ce on ! "p ( my fri5d4 
,he 0 p]fectly ( ! new s*ool4 ,!y 7     
,!at9es1 said he--z bad z ! ,jesuits 9 e
 ?+ b hypocrisy--p[]ful1 insol5t1       
bold-fac$ knaves2 & aft] _! robb+ me ( !
 inh]itance ( my old1 ri* uncle1 :i* "o 
( ^? crafty padres contriv$ to make !   
old devotee give !m on 8 dea?-b$1 ,i _h 
dry eyes = _! ill luck4 ,b1 ,i suppose1 

add$ he1 y "k _! cre$8 ,i ackn[l$g$ my  
ignorance4 ,well1 y %all he> x4 ,x is   
incomp>ably true2 ?\gh1 :e!r writt5 = !m
 by ,morat9 or ,cald]on1 ,i leave to !  
antiqu>ians4 ,he !n *ant$ x 9 ! /yle ( !
 monki% s]vice1 & ) ge/iculations1      
groans1 & upturn+ ( eyes1 :i* /rongly   
gave me ! idea t he _h employ$ 8        
leisure1 if n reliev$ 8 s5se ( !        
w>-m9i/]'s neglect1 by ex]t+ 8 tal5ts z 
! ,gracioso ( "s /roll+ company4 ,!     
troop]s ga!r$ r\nd u1 ) t odd mixture ( 
famili>ity & respect :i* belongs to all 
! l[] ranks ( ,spa92 & ! p]=m] evid5tly 
acquir$ new spirits f ! laught] ( 8     
audi5ce1 z he da%+ly sang 8 burlesque3--
                  ,cancion4      ,los   
m&ami5tos de los ,teat9os1#f4     ,mas  
humanos son que div9os4                 
,coro4--,tra l>a1 tra l>a4              
,primo--,adquirir mu*o d9]o4 ,tra l>a1  
c4     ,segundo--,sujet> todo il mondo4 
,tra l>a1 c4     ,t]c]o--,bu5 capon1 bu5
 c>n]o4 ,tra l>a1 c4     ,qu>to--,compr>
 b>ato1 y v5d] c>o4 ,tra l>a1 c4        

,qu9to--,con el blanco agu> el t9to4    
,tra l>a1 c4     ,sexto--,t5] siempre el
 lomo en sie/o4 ,tra l>a1 c4            
,septimo--,gu>dase bi5 del s]5o4 ,tra   
l>a1 c4     ,octavo--,obr> la suya1 y lo
 ag5o4 ,tra l>a1 c4     ,nono--,haz> del
 p5it5te esclavo4 ,tra l>a1 c4          
,decimo--,mescl>se en cosas d'e/ado4    
,tra l>a1 c4      ,coro4--,e/es diez    
m&ami5tos se enci]ran en dos--          
,todo p>a mi1 y nada p>a vos4           
,tra l>a1 tra l>a1 c4   ,! :ole p]=mance
 0 receiv$ ) an applause :i* awoke !    
little aide-de-camp's g5ius to su* an   
ext5t1 t he volunte]$ to s+ "s /anzas ( 
8 own1 immeasurably m poignant4 ,he 0 9 
! act ( fill+ a bump] to ! d[nfall ( all
 monk]y on ! face ( ! e>?1 :5 ! report (
 a musket 0 he>d1 & ! bottle 0 %iv]$ 9 8
 h&4 ,! hon\r ( ,don ,ignacio ,tru5o    
,relampago 0 nev] 9 great] dang]1 = he  
in/antly turn$ mu* :it] ?an 8 own       
pocket-h&k]*ief3 b ! ,spani>d is a brave
 fell[1 aft] all2 & see+ t ,i drew out  
my pi/ols1 he drew 8 sword1 ord]$ 8     

troop]s to m\nt1 & prep>$ = battle4 ,b1 
:o c fight aga9/ =tune8 ,our horses1 :i*
 _h be5 picket$ at a few y>ds' di/ance 9
 ! dep? ( ! %ade1 7 gone4 ,a ,fr5*      
battalion ( tirailleurs1 accid5tally    
com+ on our r\te1 _h surr\nd$ ! grove1 &
 c>ri$ (f ! horses unp]ceiv$1 :ile our  
gallant troop]s 7 *orus+ ! song/]4 ,!   
s5t9el left 9 *>ge ( !m _h1 ( c\rse1    
giv5 way to ! allurem5ts ( sweet        
nature's k9d re/or]1 balmy sleep1 &     
awoke only to f9d himself 9 ,fr5* h&s4  
,don ,ignacio w\ld h f\ght a legion (   
fi5ds2 b sev5 hundr$ & fifty %>p%oot]s 7
 a mu* m unmanageable affair2 & on our  
hold+ a c\ncil ( w>1 7:i* nev] fights17 
& ) a :ole circle ( bayonets glitt]+ at 
our brea/s1 ,i advis$ a surr5d] )\t loss
 ( "t4 ,! troop]s 7 already dis>m$1 & ! 
,don1 appeal+ to me z evid5ce t he _h   
done all t c\ld be requir$ by ! mo/     
punctili\s val\r1 surr5d]$ 8 sword ) !  
grace ( a h]o ( romance4 ,! ,fr5*m5     
enjoy$ ! entire sc5e prodigi\sly1 laugh$
 a great deal1 drank our heal?s 9 our   

own bottles1 & f9i%$ by a g5]al reque/ t
 ! ,don w\ld indulge !m ) an encore ( ! 
*ant :i* _h s tickl$ _! e>s dur+ _!     
advance 9 ! wood4 ,! ,don compli$1      
malgr1 bongr2 & at ! conclusion ( ?is   
feat1 ! ,fr5* colonel1 resolv$ n to be  
outdone 9 any ?+1 call$ on "o ( 8       
subalt]ns = a song4 ,! subalt]n         
hopelessly se>*$ 8 memory = its lyrical 
/ores2 b aft] half a doz5 snat*es (     
*ansons1 & break+ d[n 9 !m all1 he      
volunte]$1 9 despair1 :at he pron\nc$1 !
 mo/ popul> love-song 9 all ,italy4     
,probably n a syllable ( x 0 und]/ood by
 any "o pres5t b myself2 yet ?is did n  
prev5t its be+ applaud$ to ! skies1 &   
pron\nc$ "o ( ! mo/ brilliant specim5s (
 ,italian s5sibility4 ,x 0 9 ,lat91 & a 
fi]ce attack on ! ,jesuits1 :i* ! "y    
(fic]1 a palpable philosophe1 _h br\ght 
) him f ! symposia ( ! ,ecole           
,polyte*nique3--      ,mortem norunt    
anim>e#g     ,et tumultus suscit>e1     
,int] reges1 et s$>e4      ,tanquam     
sancti adorantur1     ,tanquam reges    

dom9antur1     ,tanquam fures           
deprdantur4      ,dom9antur temporale1  
,dom9antur spirituale1     ,dom9antur   
omnia male4      ,hos igitur ,jesuitas1 
,heluones1 hypocritas1     ,fuge1 si    
cle/ia quras4      ,vita namque         
,*ri/iana     ,abhorret ab hac doctr91  
,tanquam fict et insan4   ,! colonel ( !
 tirailleurs 0 a complete specim5 ( !   
revolution>y soldi]4 ,he 0 a da%+       
figure1 ) a bronz$ face2 at lea/ s mu* (
 x z ,i c\ld discov] ?r\gh ! mo/        
inord9ate pair ( mu/a*es ev] worn by a  
w>rior4 ,he 0 ignorant ( e ?+ on e>? b 8
 pr(ession1 & laugh$ at ! wa/e ( "t 9   
por+ ov] books2 8 travell+-libr>y       
consi/+ ( b two--! imp]ial army-li/1 & !
 mu/]-roll ( 8 regim5t4 ,8 family       
recollections w5t no high] ?an 8 fa!r1 a
 cobbl] 9 ,langu$oc4 ,b he 0 a capital  
(fic]1 & ! v mat]ial = a                
*ef-de-bataillon--r\gh1 brave1 quick1 & 
z h>dy z iron4 ,half a doz5 sc>s gave   
evid5ce ( 8 hav+ %>$ ! glories ( ,france
 on ! ,rh9e1 ! ,po1 & ! ,danube2 & a    

cross ( ! ,legion ( ,hon\r %[$ t 8      
emp]or 0 a diff]5t p]son f ! object (   
,don ,ignacio's cureless wra?1 !        
w>-m9i/] :o made a po9t ( neglect+ all  
possible m]it bel[ t ( a field-m>%al4   
,! ,fr5*man1 ) all 81 brusqu]ie1 0 civil
 en\gh to regret my capture1 peculi>ly z
 x laid him "u ! necessity ( tak+ me f> 
f my r\te2 8 regim5t !n mak+ =c$ m>*es  
to ,&alusia1 to jo9 ,dupont's division2 
& = ! purpose ( secrecy1 ! /ricte/ ord]s
 hav+ be5 giv5 t ! prison]s :i* !y might
 make 9 ! way %\ld be c>ri$ along ) !m4 
,z ,i _h =w>d$ my (ficial pap]s f       
,galicia to ,ca/ile1 & 0 reg>d$ simply z
 an ,engli% t\ri/1 ,i _h no s5se (      
p]sonal haz>d2 & putt+ ! be/ complexion 
:i* ,i c\ld ^u my misadv5ture1 ,i rode  
along ) ! column ov] hill & dale1 enjoy+
 ! v>i\s aspects ( "o ( ! mo/ v>i$ &    
picturesque c\ntries 9 ! _w4 ,our m>*es 
7 rapid1 b *iefly by night2 ?us evad+ at
 once ! intol]able heat ( ! ,spani% day1
 & collisions ) ! p4 ,we biv\ack$ 9 !   
%elt] ( woods1 or 9 ! %ade ( hills1 dur+

 ! sultry h\rs2 & recomm5c$ our m>* 9 ! 
cool ( ! eve1 ) %ort halts1 until       
sunrise4 ,!n we flung ourselves aga9 "u 
! %elt] ( ! trees1 & enjoy$ ^? delights 
( re/ & appetite1 :i* are unkn[n to all 
b to ! m>*]s & fa/]s = twelve h\rs      
toge!r4  ,b1 on our cross+ ! ,si]ra     
,mor5a1 & tak+ ! direction ( ,&alusia1 !
 sc5e 0 :olly *ang$4 ,! c\ntry 0 l "o   
va/ field ( battle4 ,! peasants 7 e :]e 
9 arms1 villages 7 se5 burn+ along !    
horizon1 & our con/ant vigilance 0      
necess>y to gu>d aga9/ a surprise4 ,e   
soldi] :o lay d[n to re/ b a few y>ds f 
! column1 or :o attempt$ to =age 9 !    
villages1 0 sure to be %ot or /iletto$2 
provisions 7 burn$ be=e our faces2 & ev5
 :]e we 7 n actually fir$ on1 ! fr[ns ( 
! population %[$ suffici5tly t ! evil   
day 0 at h&4 ,at l5g? we rea*$ ! range (
 hills :i* surr\nd ! pla9 ( ,cordova2   
yet only j 9 "t to see ! army ( ,dupont 
m>*+ out f ! city gates1 9 ! direction (
 ,&uj>4 ,z ,i /ood beside ! colonel1 ,i 
c\ld obs]ve1 by ! knitt+ ( 8 br[1 t !   

movem5t did n satisfy 8 milit>y         
sagacity4 ,:at a quantity ( baggage6 he 
murmur$3 h[ w x be possible to c>ry su* 
a tra9 ?r\gh ! c\ntry1 or h[ to fight1 )
 su* an encumbrance emb>rass+ e /ep8    
,unless ! ,spani% g5]als are ! greate/  
fools on e>?1 or unless ,dupont has a   
miracle work$ = him1 he mu/ ei!r ab&on  
?ree-f\r?s ( 8 waggons1 or be ru9$4  ,b 
,i 0 n[ to h a ne>] int]e/ 9 !          
exp$ition4 ,! battalion _h no soon] jo9$
 ! army on its advance1 ?an ,i 0 ord]$  
to appe> be=e ! *ief ( ! /aff4 ,!       
language ( ?is (fic] 0 brief1 b         
expressive4  ,y are a spy4  ,y are      
mis9=m$4 ,i am a g5tleman & an          
,engli%man4  ,look "h4 ,he produc$ a    
copy ( my lett] to ! junta ( ,ca/ile1   
:i* "s cl]k 9 ! ,fr5* pay _h trea*]\sly 
transmitt$ f ,madrid4 ,:at answ] h y to 
?is8  ,i flung ! lett] on ! table4  ,:at
 "r h y to require an answ]8 ,i h n come
 volunt>ily to ! qu>t]s ( ! ,fr5* army2 
,i am a prison]2 ,i am n ev5 9 a milit>y
 capacity4 ,y w\ld only act 9 con=mity  

to ! law ( nations by giv+ me my lib]ty 
?is mom5t2 & ,i dem& t y %all d y\r     
duty4  ,i %all d x6 ,if y h any         
arrangem5ts to make1 y _h bett] lose no 
"t2 = ,i wait only ! g5]al's signature  
to my report1 to h y %ot4 ,he turn$ on 8
 heel4 ,a s]geant ) a c\ple ( gr5adi]s  
ent]$1 & ,i 0 consign$ = ! night to !   
provo/-m>%al4 ,h[ anxi\sly ,i sp5t t    
night1 ,i ne$ n say4 ,i 0 9 ! h&s (     
viol5t m51 exasp]at$ by ! popul>        
resi/ance1 & accu/om$ to disreg>d life4 
,i brac$ myself up to meet my unt[>d    
cata/rophe1 & det]m9$ at lea/ n to      
disgrace my c\ntry by helpless          
solicitation4 ,i wrote a few lett]s1    
committ$ myself to a protection above ! 
passions & vices ( man1 wrapp$ my cloak 
r\nd me1 & sank into a s\nd slumb]4  ,i 
0 ar\s$ by a dis*>ge ( cannon1 & f\nd ! 
camp 9 commotion4 ,! ,spani>ds1 "u ,r$+ 
& ,ca/anos1 _h1 z ! colonel anticipat$1 
fall5 ^u our l9e ( m>* at daybreak1 &   
cut (f a l>ge portion ( ! baggage-tra94 
,x _h be5 load$ ) ! *ur*-plate1 & g5]al 

plund] ( ,cordova2 & ! av>ice ( ! ,fr5* 
_h obvi\sly involv$ !m 9 =midable       
difficulty4 ,b1 ev5 9 ! univ]sal tumult1
 ! importance ( my seizure 0 n =gott52 &
 ,i 0 ord]$ to ! re> 9 *>ge ( a gu>d4 ,!
 action n[ began on all sides2 !        
cannonade rapidly deep5+ on ! flank &   
c5tre ( ! ,fr5* position1 & ! musketry  
already beg9n+ to rattle on v>i\s po9ts 
( ! l9e4 ,f ! height on :i* ,i /ood1 !  
:ole sc5e lay b5ea? my eye2 & no?+ c\ld 
h be5 bett] wor? ! speculation ( any    
man--:o 0 n "u s5t5ce ( be+ %ot z soon z
 ! /ruggle 0 ov]6  ,i 0 aw>e ( !        
reputation ( ! ,fr5* g5]al4 ,he held a  
high "n among ! braves ( ! imp]ial army 
= ! la/ t5 ye>s1 & he _h be5 =emo/      
ev]y:]e4 ,9 ! desp]ate ,italian campaign
 aga9/ ! ,au/rians & ,russians2 9 !     
victori\s campaign ( ,au/]litz2 9 !     
sangu9>y campaign ( ,eylau--,dupont 0 "o
 ( ! mo/ d>+ ( g5]als ( brigade4 ,b 8   
pillage ( ,cordova _h r\s$ ! ,spani%    
wra? into fury2 & ! ef=t to c>ry (f 8   
plund] made x impossible = him to resi/ 

a vigor\s attack1 ev5 ) 8 tw5ty ?\s&    
vet]ans4 ,he _h indulg$ himself 9       
,cordova1 until ! brok5 armies ( ! s\?  
_h f\nd "t to rally2 & a =ce ( fifty    
?\s& m5 0 n[ ru%+ d[n ^u 8 c5tre4 ,!    
hills1 z f> z ! eye c\ld range1 7 cov]$ 
) ! arm$ peasantry1 mov+ l d>k cl\ds ov]
 _! sides1 & desc5d+ by ?\s&s to !      
field4 ,! battle n[ rag$ furi\sly 9 !   
c5tre1 & ! *>ges ( ! ,fr5* cavalry made 
fe>ful gaps 9 ! ,spani% battalions4 ,at 
l5g?1 ! ris+ ( ! du/ on ! "r %[$ t a    
/rong column 0 approa*+1 :i* might      
decide ! day4 ,my he>t beat sl[ z ,i saw
 ! tricolor float+ above its bayonets4  
,x 0 ! advanc$ gu>d1 ) ,dupont at its   
head--a =ce ( ?ree ?\s& m51 :i* _h      
return$ rapidly on its /eps1 z soon z ! 
s\nd ( ! attack _h rea*$ x4 ,x 0 boldly 
resi/$ by ! ,swiss & ,walloon brigades (
 ! ,spani% l9e3 b ! ,fr5* fire 0 heavy1 
its manoeuvre 0 d>+1 & ,i began to fe> =
 ! fate ( ! day2 :5 a l\d explosion1 & a
 hurri$ movem5t at ! extreme ( ! ,fr5*  
position1 turn$ my eyes to ! left w+4   

,!re ! ,spani% attack _h swept e ?+ be=e
 x4 ,brigade aft] brigade 0 giv+ way1 & 
! c\ntry 0 cov]$ ) scatt]$ horsem51     
infantry retir+ 9 disord]1 & brok5 &    
captur$ guns4 ,! peasantry1 too1 _h jo9$
 9 ! pursuit1 & ! w+ seem$ utt]ly ru9$4 
,to retrieve ?is disord] 0 n[ hopeless1 
= ! ,fr5* g5]al _h ext5d$ 8 l9e to !    
extraord9>y l5g? ( t5 miles4 ,8         
baggage-tra9 0 8 ru94 ,! :ole ,spani%   
l9e n[ advanc$1 %\t+1 & only halt+ at   
int]vals to cannonade ! enemy4 ,! ,fr5* 
return$ a feeble fire1 & began to       
retreat4 ,b retreat 0 n[ impossible1 &  
!y mu/ fight1 or be massacr$4 ,at ?is   
mom5t ,i saw an (fic]1 f ! spot :]e     
,dupont sat on 8 *>g] surr\nd$ by 8     
/aff1 gallop betwe5 ! two armies4 ,he 0 
met by a ,spani% (fic]4 ,! fir+ ceas$4  
,dupont _h surr5d]$1 ) all ! troops 9   
,&alusia6  ,i 0 n[ at lib]ty1 & ,i 0    
receiv$ by ! ,spani% comm&]-9-*ief ) !  
hon\rs due to my mission & my c\ntry4   
,aft] mutual congratulations on ?is mo/ 
brilliant day1 ,i express$ my wi% to set

 (f = ,madrid )\t delay4 ,an escort (   
cavalry 0 ord]$ = me1 & by midnight ,i  
_h left beh9d me ! slaught] & ! triumph1
 ! noble/ ( ,spani% fields1 ! immortal  
,bayl56  ,! night 0 s+ul>ly d>k2 & z !  
by-roads ( ! ,p59sula are confess$ly    
among ! mo/ orig9al specim5s ( !        
road-mak+ art1 our att5tion 0 *iefly    
occupi$1 = ! fir/ h\r1 9 f9d+ our way 9 
,indian file4 ,at l5g?1 on ! c\ntry's   
op5+1 ,i rode =w>d to ! head ( ! troops1
 & address$ "s que/ions1 on our di/ance 
f ! next t[n1 to ! (fic]4 ,he at once   
pron\nc$ my "n1 & my a/oni%m5t 0 n less 
?an 8 own4 ,9 ! comm&ant ( ! escort ,i  
f\nd my gallant1 ?\gh mo/ wayw>d1 "y    
fri5d1 ,m>iamne's lov]1 ,lafonta9e6 ,8  
/ory 0 brief4 ,9 despair ( remov+ h]    
fa!r's reluctance to _! m>riage1 & :olly
 unable to br+ ov] ,m>iamne to 8 own    
op9ion1 t %e w\ld act ! wis] "p 9 tak+ !
 *ances ( ! _w along ) himself1 he _h   
resolv$ to ent] ! ,russian or ! ,turki% 
s]vice1 or any o!r 9 :i* he _h ! spe$ie/
 probability ( end+ 8 c>e] by a bullet  

or a sabre-bl[4 ,! accid5tal r5contre ( 
"o ( 8 relations1 an (fic] high 9 !     
,spani% s]vice1 _h l$ him into !        
,p59sula2 :]e1 z a ,royali/1 he 0 w>mly 
receiv$ by a p devot$ to _! k+s2 & _h j 
receiv$ a commission 9 ! cavalry ( !    
gu>d1 :5 ! ,fr5* w> broke out4 ,he felt 
no scruples 9 act+ z a soldi] ( ,spa92  
=1 ) ! dea? ( ,l\is1 he _h reg>d$ all   
ties z brok51 & he 0 n[ a citiz5 ( ! _w4
 ,i v5tur$ to m5tion ! "n ( ,m>iamne2 & 
,i f\nd t1 !re at lea/1 ! incon/ancy    
*>g$ on 8 nation _h no place4 ,he spoke 
( h] ) eloqu5t t5d]ness1 & x 0 evid5t t1
 ) all 8 despair ( ev] see+ h] aga91 %e 
/ill held ! fir/ place 9 8 he>t4 ,9 ?is 
w&]+1 yet by no means pa9ful1 int]*ange 
( ?\ghts1 we mov$ on = "s h\rs2 :5 "o ( 
! advanc$ troop]s rode back1 to tell u t
 he _h he>d %ots 9 ! di/ance1 & o!r     
s\nds ( /ruggle4 ,we gallop$ =w>d1 & f !
 br[ ( ! next hill saw flames ris+ f a  
village 9 ! valley b5ea?1 & a skirmi%   
go+ on betwe5 "s m>aud+ troops & !      
peasantry4 ,lafonta9e in/antly ord]$ an 

advance2 & our :ole troop 7 soon 9 !    
c5tre ( ! village1 busily employ$ ) !   
pi/ol & sabre4 ,! ,fr5*1 tak5 by        
surprise1 made b a slight resi/ance1 &1 
aft] a few r&om %ots1 ran to a neighb\r+
 wood4 ,b z ,i 0 look+ r\nd1 to         
congratulate my fri5d on 8 success1 ,i  
saw him1 to my inf9ite al>m1 reel 9 8   
saddle1 & _h only "t to save him f fall+
 to ! gr\nd4  ,! accommodation ( !      
,v5tas & ,posadas is habitually wret*$1 
& ,i dem&$ :e!r !re 0 n a h\se ( "s     
hidalgo 9 ! neighb\rhood1 to :i* ! w\nd$
 (fic] might be c>ri$4 ,"o ( ! la/ %ots 
( ! skirmi% _h /ruck him 9 ! arm1 & he 0
 n[ fa9t+ ) pa94 ,! h\se 0 po9t$ out1 & 
we c>ri$ my un=tunate fri5d !re1 9 a    
swoon4 ,ev5 9 t mom5t ( anxiety1 & )    
sc>cely m ?an ! fir/ dawn to guide u1 ,i
 c\ld n help be+ /ruck ) ! cultivat$    
beauty ( ! av5ue ?r\gh :i* we pass$1 & !
 pr(usion & v>iety ( ! fl[]s1 :i* n[    
began to brea! _! op5+ inc5se to ! dawn4
 ,! h\se 0 old1 b l>ge & h&some1 & !    
furniture ( ! ap>tm5t into :i* we 7 %[n1

 0 s+ul>ly ta/eful & co/ly4 ,:o ! own]  
01 0 sc>cely kn[n among ! bold fell[s :o
 accompani$ u2 b by _! po9t+s to _!     
=eheads1 & _! mak+ ! sign ( ! cross at e
 repetition ( my enquiries1 ,i 0 incl9$ 
to ?9k him "s escap$ lunatic4 ,i %ortly1
 h[ev]1 receiv$ a message f him1 to tell
 me1 t s soon z ! cr[d %\ld be dismiss$1
 he w\ld visit ! (fic]4 ,! ap>tm5t 0    
cle>$ & he came4 ,?is 0 a new wond] =   
me4 ,x 0 ,mordecai t ent]$ ! room4 ,!   
light 0 /ill s imp]fect1 t = a:ile he   
c\ld n recognise ei!r ( u2 & :5 ,i      
advanc$ to take 8 h&1 & address$ him by 
8 "n1 he />t$ back z if he _h trod ^u a 
snake4 ,h[ev]1 8 habitual pres5ce ( m9d 
soon enabl$ him to answ] all my         
enquiries1 &1 among ! fir/1 "o = ! heal?
 & happ9ess ( 8 daught]4 ,fe>ful ( !    
effects ( 8 intellig5ce1 :e!r good or   
evil1 on ! n]ves ( ,lafonta9e1 :o /ill  
lay on ! s(a1 almo/ invisible 9 ! dusk1 
,i begg$ to foll[ him to ano!r room1 &  
!re ,i li/5$ to 8 :ole anxi\s hi/ory    
s9ce our p>t+4--,m>iamne _h sudd5ly gr[n

 discont5t$ ) ,pol&2 :i* to ,mordecai   
himself _h become a we>y resid5ce1 f !  
ravages ( ! ,fr5* w>4 ,= "s reason1     
unacc\ntable to me1 said ! old man1 %e  
set h] he>t ^u ,spa91 & _h n[ be5       
domicil$ 9 ?is seclud$ spot = a ye>4 ,b 
%e 0 visibly fad+ away4 ,%e read & wrote
 mu*1 & 0 ev5 m atta*$ to h] h>p & h]   
fl[]s ?an ev]2 yet decl>$ t %e _h bid   
f>ewell to ! _w4 ,! fa!r wept z he      
spoke1 b 8 7 ! te>s ( sorr[ r ?an (     
angui%4 ,!y /ole quietly d[n 8 *eeks1 & 
%[$ t ! /]n & haughty _s 0 subdu$ )9    
him4 ,i _h n v5tur$ to allude to        
,lafonta9e2 b ! curr5t ( 8 own ?\ghts at
 l5g? l$ to t =bidd5 topic4 ,i am       
afraid1 ,mr ,m>/on1 said he1 t ,i h be5 
too h>% ) my *ild4 ,i look$ = h]        
alliance ) "s ( ! opul5t among my own   
k9dr$2 or ,i %\ld h rejoic$ if y\r      
reg>ds _h be5 fix$ on h]1 & h]s on y4 ,&
 9 ^? dreams1 ,i =got t ! affections mu/
 *oose = !mselves4 ,i _h no objection to
 ! "y ,fr5*man1 b t he 0 a /rang]1 & 0  
poor4--,yet are n we ourselves /rang]s8 

& if he 0 poor1 0 n ,i ri*8 ,b all is   
ov] n[2 & ,i %all only h to foll[ my    
poor ,m>iamne1 :]e ,i %\ld h mu* r      
prec$$ h]1--to ! grave4  ,i n[ reque/$  
to see ,m>iamne4 ,%e met me ) almo/ a   
cry ( joy1 & ) a *eek ( sudd5 crimson2  
b1 :5 ! fir/ flu% pass$ away1 h] looks  
gave pa9ful pro( ( ! effect ( solitude &
 sorr[4 ,! r\nd$ beauty ( h] *eek 0     
gone1 h] eyes1 once danc+ ) e emotion1 7
 fix$ & holl[1 & h] frame1 once         
rem>kable = symmetry1 0 ?9 & feeble4 ,b1
 h] he>t 0 buoyant /ill1 & :5 ,i talk$ (
 pa/ sc5es & recollections1 h] eye      
sp>kl$ once m4 ,/ill1 h] mann] 0        
*ang$--x 0 s(t] & less caprici\s2 h]    
language1 ev5 h] voice1 0 subdu$2 & m   
?an once ,i saw a te> /eal+ on h] eye4  
,at l5g?1 aft] he>+ "s slight detail (  
h] w&]+s1 & h] fe>s t ! tr\bles ( ,spa9 
might drive h] f a c\ntry 9 ^: g5ial    
climate & fl[]y fields %e _h hop$ to end
 h] days2 ,i incid5tally ask$--:e!r1 9  
all h] w&]+s1 %e _h he>d ( my fri5d1    
,lafonta9e4 ,h[ impossible is x to      

deceive ! in/9ct ( ! female he>t6 ,!    
look :i* %e gave me1 ! se>*+ glance ( h]
 f9e eyes1 :i* fla%$ ) all _! =m] lu/re1
 & ! sudd5 quiv]+ ( h] lip1 told me h[  
deeply 8 image 0 fix$ 9 h] recollection4
 ,%e saw at once t ,i _h tid+s ( h]     
lov]2 & %e hung ^u ! h& :i* ,i held out 
to h]1 ) brea?less & besee*+ anxiety4   
,aft] "s precautions1 ,i reveal$ to h] !
 facts--t he 0 z fai?fully devot$ to h] 
z ev]1 &--t he 0 ev5 "u h] ro(6  ,i     
leave ! re/ ( h] /ory to be conjectur$4 
,i %all only say1 t ,i saw h] made      
happy2 ! burd5 tak5 (f h] spirits :i* _h
 exhau/$ h] frame2 h] =m] vivacity      
re/or$1 h] eye sp>kl+ once m2 & ev5 !   
he>t ( h] fa!r *e]$1 & ackn[l$g+ t !re 0
 happ9ess 9 ! _w1 if m5 did n m> x =    
!mselves4 ,! c\rse ( true love _h1 at   
la/1 run smoo?4 ,i 0 pres5t at ! m>riage
 ( ,lafonta9e4 ,! trials ( =tune _h be5 
( inf9ite s]vice to him2 !y _h sob]$ 8  
ecc5tricity1 taught him ! value ( a     
quiet m9d1 & prep>$ him = t manli] c>e] 
:i* belongs to ! husb& & ! fa!r4 ,i left

 !m1 ?ank+ me 9 all ! language (        
gratitude1 promis+ to visit me 9 ,engl&4
         99       99       99       99  
99  ,my mission to ! junta 0 spe$ily &  
successfully accompli%$4 ,spa91 9 want (
 e ?+ b t :i* no subsidy c\ld supply1 a 
det]m9ation to die 9 ! la/ intr5*m5t1 0 
(f]$ arms1 ammunition1 & ! aid ( an     
,engli% army4 ,9 h] pride1 & yet a pride
 :i* none c\ld blame1 %e pr(ess$ h]self 
able to conqu] by h] own intrepidity4   
,lat] exp]i5ce %[$ h]1 by _m a suff]+1 !
 value ( ,engl& z ! guide1 su/a9]1 &    
example ( h] national /r5g?4 ,b ,spa9 _h
 /ill ! gallant di/9ction ( be+ ! fir/  
nation :i*1 z "o man1 d>$ to defy !     
conqu]or ( all ! great milit>y p[]s ( ! 
,cont95t4 ,! sieges ( ,s>agossa & ,g]ona
 w immortalize ! c\rage ( ! ,spani%     
soldi]2 ! gu]illa campaigns w           
immortalize ! c\rage ( ! ,spani%        
peasant2 & ! memorable confession ( !   
,fr5* ,emp]or1 t ,spa9 0 8 greate/      
error1 & 8 ultimate ru91 is a te/imonial
 m la/+ ?an ! pr\de/ trophy1 to !       

magnanim\s w>f>e ( ! ,p59sula4  ,?is 0 !
 ,crisis4 ,! _s ( ! :ole ,european w> n[
 assum$ a bold]1 l(ti]1 & m triumphant  
=m4 ,a sudd5 conviction fill$ ! g5]al   
he>t1 t ! =tunes ( ! field 7 ab\t to    
*ange4 ,nations :i* _h1 till !n1 be5    
only emul\s 9 pro/ration to ! univ]sal  
conqu]or1 n[ assum$ ! port ( c\rage1    
prep>$ _! arms1 & long$ to try _! cause 
aga9 9 battle4 ,! outcry ( ,spa91 answ]$
 by ! trumpet ( ,engl&1 pi]c$ to ! dep?s
 ( t dungeon 9 :i* ! intrigue & ! p[] ( 
,france _h lab\r$ to inclose ! cont95tal
 nations4 ,! w> ( ! ,revolution has     
already f\nd hi/orians1 ( eloqu5ce & k  
wor?y ( s magnific5t an era ( human     
*ange4 ,b1 to me1 ! *ief int]e/ arose f 
its successive developm5ts ( ! ,european
 m9d4 ,! :ole p]iod 0 a cont9u$ awak5+ (
 faculties1 hi!rto almo/ unkn[n1 9 !    
great body ( ! p4 ,! fir/ bur/ ( !      
,revolution1 l ! fir/ use ( gunp[d]1 _h 
only %[n ! b\ndless =ce ( a new elem5t (
 de/ruction4 ,! ,spani% insurrection %[$
 its protect+ & pres]vative p[]4 ,!     

trem5d\s en]gy :i* seem$ to defy all    
control1 0 !re se5 effect+ ! highe/     
results ( national def5ce1 & giv+ pro( (
 ! irresi/ible /r5g? provid$ 9 !        
population ( e l&4 ,:at nation ( ,europe
 does n possess a million ( m5 = its    
def5ce2 & :at invad] c\ld confront a    
million ( m5 on _! own soil8 ,let ?is   
tru? be felt1 & aggression becomes      
hopeless1 & w> ceases to exi/ among m54 
,= ! fir/ "t 9 ! hi/ory ( w>1 x 0       
discov]$1 t ! true =ce ( k+doms _h be5  
mi/ak5--a mi/ake :i* _h la/$ = a ?\s&   
ye>s2 t armies 7 b spl5did ma*9es2 & t1 
:ile !y might be cru%$ by ! impulse (   
ma*9es m rapid1 /rong]1 & m skilfully   
urg$1 no?+ c\ld cru% ! vig\r ( def5ce1  
:ile x 0 suppli$ by a p4  ,! leve en    
masse ( ,france 0 b ! rude/1 z x 0 !    
e>lie/1 =m ( ! new discov]y4 ,!re1 t]ror
 0 ! mov+ pr9ciple4 ,! conscription 0 ! 
recruit+-(fic]4 ,! guillot9e 0 ! comm&] 
:o manoeuvr$ ! g5]als1 ! troops1 & !    
nation4 ,yet1 ! revolution>y armies     
diff]$ 9 no?+ f ! mon>*ical1 b 9 !      

sup]iority ( _! numb]s1 & ! inf]iority (
 _! discipl9e4  ,! w> ( ,spa9 0 ano!r1 &
 a nobl] advance4 ,x 0 ! w> ( a nation4 
,9 ,france ! w> 0 ! conspiracy ( a      
faction4 ,9 ,spa9 ! loss ( ! capital    
only inflam$ ! ho/ility ( ! prov9ces4 ,9
 ,france ! loss ( ! capital w\ld h      
ext+ui%$ ! ,revolution2 z x aft]w>ds    
ext+ui%$ ! ,empire4 ,i ?9k t ,i c see ! 
provision = a /ill bold] & m b5efic5t   
advance1 ev5 9 ^? p[]ful developm5ts (  
national capabilities4 ,x w1 p]haps1 be 
left to o!r nations4 ,spa9 & ,france h a
 yoke ^u _! m9ds1 :i* w disqualify !m   
bo? f act+ ! nobl] "p ( guides to       
,europe4 ,sup]/ition conta9s 9 itself ! 
cank] ( slav]y2 p]fect fre$om is        
ess5tial to p]fect p[]2 & ! nation :i*1 
f ! cradle1 pro/rates itself to ! prie/1
 mu/ reta9 ! e>ly flexure ( its sp9e4 ,!
 great exp]im5t mu/ be res]v$ = a nobl] 
public m9d2 = a p religi\s )\t          
fanaticism1 & free )\t lic5ti\sness2    
hon\r+ ! wisdom ( _! fa!rs1 )\t reject+ 
! wisdom ( ! liv+ age2 aspir+ b to !    

m9i/ration ( univ]sal good1 & feel+ t   
its opul5ce1 k1 & gr&eur are only gifts 
= mank9d4  ,! sy/em ( ! w> 0 n[ fully   
e/abli%$4 ,all ! feel+s ( ,engl& 7 fix$ 
on ! ,p59sula1 & all ! politics ( h]    
/atesm5 & _! rivals 7 alike guid$ by !  
c\rse ( ! conflict4 ,! pr$iction 0      
gallantly fulfill$--t ! ,fr5* empire    
w\ld !re expose its flank to ,engli%    
intrepidity2 t ! brea*+ batt]y :i* 0 to 
op5 ! way to ,p>is1 w\ld be fix$ on !   
,pyr5ees2 t ! true sign ( conque/ 0 !   
bann] ( ,engl&4  ,! battle ( ! ,m9i/ry 0
 f\ght 9 ,spa91 & z victori\sly z !     
battle ( our army4 ,we saw ,opposition  
gradually ?r[ away its arms1 & gradually
 dim9i% 9 ! popul> view1 until its      
exi/5ce 0 sc>cely visible4 ,successive  
*anges v>i$ ! cab9et1 b none %ook its   
/ability4 ,successive m9i/]s sank into !
 grave1 b ! m9i/ry /ood4 ,! _s ( !      
nation1 ju/ly pr\d ( its triumphs1      
disda9$ to li/5 to ! :isp]s ( a p>ty1 :o
 murmur$ defeat ) victory be=e _! eyes2 
:o conjur$ up visions ( ru91 only to be 

rebuk$ by realities ( triumph2 & to :om 
! national scorn ( pusillanimity1 & !   
national rejoic+ 9 ! pr\de/ success1    
c\ld n untea* ! language ( despair4     
,p]ceval1 ! ov]?r[] ( ! ,foxite m9i/ry1 
p]i%$2 b ! political sy/em ( ! cab9et   
rema9$ un*ang$4                         
,ca/l]eaghp]i%$--,liv]pool p]i%$2 b !   
political sy/em /ill rema9$4 ,!         
successive pilots might give up ! helm1 
b ! c\rse ( ! great vessel cont9u$ !    
same--guid$ by ! same sci5ce1 & mak+ h] 
way ?r\gh sun%9e1 & ?r\gh /orm1 to !    
same po9t ( de/9ation4  ,! ?ree         
successive m9i/]s 7 m5 ( high ability = 
gov]nm5t1 ?\gh _! "* ( ability exhibit$ 
! mo/ rem>kable di/9ctions4 ,p]ceval _h 
be5 a lawy]1 & _h ris5 to ! rank (      
attorney-g5]al4 ,9 ! ,h\se1 he c>ri$ !  
acut5ess1 ! logic1 & ev5 ! mann]1 ( 8   
pr(ession ) him4 ,)\t pret5d+ to ! p[] (
 eloqu5ce1 he s+ul>ly possess$ ! p[] (  
conviction2 )\t effect+ *anges 9 ! !ory 
( ! con/itution1 he put its tru?s 9 a   
new light2 & )\t a trace ( bigotry1 he  

def5d$1 ) consci5ti\s vig\r1 ! rights ( 
! national religion4 ,su/a9+ a bold     
/ruggle at ! head ( ! feeble/ m9ority   
p]haps ev] kn[n 9 ,p>liam5t1 he _h %[n  
un%ak5 c\rage & undismay$ pr9ciple 9 !  
day ( ! ,foxite supremacy4 ,?is def5ce 0
 at l5g? turn$ into assault1 & 8        
oppon5ts 7 driv5 f p[]4 ,8 m9i/ry 0 too 
brief = 8 fame4 ,b1 :5 he fell by ! h& (
 a maniac1 he left a univ]sal impression
 on ! m9d ( ! empire1 t ! bl[ _h depriv$
 x ( a great m9i/]ial m9d4  ,"l         
,ca/l]eagh exhibit$ a "* ( a totally    
diff]5t ord]1 yet equally fitt$ = 8 "t4 
,an ,iri%man1 he _h ! habitual          
intrepidity ( 8 c\ntrym51 comb9$ ) !    
indefatigable dilig5ce ( ,engl&4 ,nobly 
connect$1 & plac$ high 9 public life by 
t connexion1 he %[$ himself capable (   
su/a9+ 8 m9i/]ial rank by p]sonal       
capacity4 ,c>eless ( ! /yle ( 8 spee*es1
 he 0 yet a grave1 solid1 & fully-in=m$ 
debat]4 ,b x 0 9 ! c\ncil t 8 value to !
 c\ntry 0 mo/ ackn[l$g$4 ,8 conception (
 ! rights1 ! influ5ce1 & ! s]vices (    

,engl&1 0 l(ty2 &1 :5 ! p]iod came =    
decid+ on h] rank 9 ! pres5ce (         
cont95tal diplomacy1 he 0 h] *os51 & h] 
successful1 repres5tative4 ,8 natural   
place 0 among ! c\ncils ( camps1 :]e    
sov]eigns 7 ! soldi]s4 ,! m>* to ,p>is 0
 due to 8 c\rage2 & ! fir/ fall (       
,napoleon 0 effect$ by ! ambassador (   
,engl&4  ,"l ,liv]pool 0 a man equally  
fitt$ = 8 "t4 ,! w> _h triumphantly     
clos$4 ,b1 a p]iod ( p]turb$ feel+s &   
f9ancial necessities foll[$4 ,x requir$ 
9 ! m9i/] a comb9ation ( s\nd s5se &    
practical vig\r--( def]5ce = ! public   
feel+s1 yet respect = ! laws--(         
promptitude 9 discov]+ national         
res\rces1 & yet ( firmness 9 repell+    
facti\s *ange4 ,! head ( ! cab9et       
possess$ ^? qualities4 ,)\t brilliancy1 
)\t eloqu5ce1 )\t accompli%$ lit]ature2 
/ill1 no man =m$ 8 views ) a cle>]      
intellig5ce2 & no man pursu$ !m ) m     
/eady det]m9ation4 ,p]haps disda9+ !    
glitt] ( popul>ity1 no m9i/]1 = ! la/   
half c5tury1 _h be5 s s+ul>ly exempt f  

all ! s>casms ( public op9ion4 ,! nation
 reli$ on 8 s9c]ity1 hon\r$ 8 purity (  
pr9ciple1 & will+ly confid$ its safety  
to h&s :i* none believ$ capable ( a /a94
  ,b ! *>act]s ( ^? ?ree m9i/]s 7 /rik+ 
9 a /ill high] po9t ( view4 ,_!         
qualities seem to h be5 expressly       
con/ruct$ to meet ! peculi> exig5cy ( _!
 times4 ,p]ceval--acute1 /rict1 & )     
/rong religi\s conceptions--to meet a   
p]iod1 :5 religi\s laxity 9 ! cab9et _h 
already enfeebl$ ! def5ce ( ! national  
religion4 ,ca/l]eagh--/ately1 bold1 &   
high-ton$--to meet a p]iod1 :5 ! fate ( 
,europe 0 to be remov$ f cab9ets to !   
field1 & :5 he 0 to c>ry ! w ( ,engl&   
among assembl$ mon>*s4 ,liv]pool--calm1 
rational1 & practical2 ! man ( consci5ce
 & common s5se--= ! p]iod1 :5 ! great   
que/ions ( religion _h be5 quiet$1 !    
great que/ions ( ! w> _h di$ ) ! w>1 &  
:5 ! supreme difficulty ( gov]nm5t 01 to
 reconcile ! pressure ( f9ancial exig5cy
 ) ! progress ( ! p--to invigorate !    
public frame )\t inflam+ x by dang]\s   

innovation--& to recon/ruct ! :ole      
comm]cial con/itution1 )\t infr++ on ^? 
pr9ciples :i* _h f\nd$ ! prosp]ity ( !  
empire4  ,at l5g? ! consummation came3 !
 ,fr5* empire fell on ! field by ! h& ( 
,engl&4 ,all ! sov]eigns ( ,europe ru%$ 
9 to /rip ! corpse1 & ea* c>ri$ back a  
portion ( ! spoils4 ,b ! conqu]or 0     
cont5t ) ! triumph1 & ask$ no m ( glory 
?an ! lib]ation ( mank9d4  ,:ile all 0  
public exultation = ?is cr[n+ ev5t1     
=tune _h n neglect$ to rew>d ! g5tl]    
virtues ( "o wor?y ( its noble/ gifts4  
,9 my fir/ campaign ) ! ,prussian troops
 9 ,france1 ,i _h intru/$ to ! c>e ( !  
old dome/ic :om ,i f\nd 9 ! ,*ateau de  
,montauban1 an escritoire & a picture1  
belong+ to ! family ( ,clotilde4 ,! old 
man _h disappe>$2 & ,i took x = grant$ t
 he _h be5 plund]$1 or _h di$4  ,b "o   
day1 aft] my return f "o ( ^? spl5did   
ent]ta9m5ts ) :i* ! ,reg5t welcom$ !    
,alli$ sov]eigns1 ,i f\nd ,clotilde     
deeply agitat$4 ,! picture ( h] relative
 0 be=e h]1 & %e 0 gaz+ at its s+ul>ly  

expressive & lovely c\nt5ance ) int5se  
int]e/4  ,%e flew into my arms4 ,i h    
long$ = y\r com+1 said %e1 ) gl[+ lips &
 te>ful eyes1 to (f] at lea/ "o pro( (  
gratitude = ye>s ( ! true/ protection1 &
 ! mo/ g5]\s love4 ,mi*elle1 ! husb& (  
my nurse1 has arriv$2 & he tells me1 t  
?is escritoire conta9s ! title-de$s ( my
 family4 ,i 0 resolv$ t y alone %\ld op5
 x4 ,9 ! frame ( t picture1 9 a secret  
draw]1 is ! key4 ,! spr+ 0 t\*$1 ! key 0
 f\nd2 & 9 ! little *e/ 0 discov]$1     
unt\*$ by *ance or "t1 ! docum5t entitl+
 my beautiful & high-he>t$ wife to "o ( 
! f9e/ possessions 9 ,france4 ,by a     
s+ul> in/ance ( good =tune1 ! prop]ty _h
 n be5 ali5at$1 l s _m ( ! e/ates ( !   
noblesse2 & x n[ lay op5 to ! claims ( !
 orig9al proprietor%ip4 ,i ha/5$ to     
,p>is4 ,my claim 0 ackn[l$g$ by !       
return$ ,b\rbon1 & ,clotilde _h !       
delight ( once m sitt+ "u ! v9e & !     
fig-tree ( h] ance/ors4 ,! old dome/ic  
_h made x ! bus9ess ( ye>s to obta9 !   
means ( rea*+ ,engl&4 ,b ! w> _h plac$  

ob/acles 9 8 way e :]e1 & he devot$     
himself !nce=? to ! gu>dian%ip ( 8      
preci\s deposit1 z ! duty ( 8 life4 ,he 
0 almo/ pa!tic1 9 8 n>ration ( ! haz>ds 
to :i* x _h be5 expos$ 9 ! p]petual     
convulsions ( ! c\ntry1 & 9 ! rejoic+ ) 
:i* he felt himself at la/ enabl$ to    
place x 9 ! h&s ( its rightful mi/ress1 
! la/ desc5dant ( ! noble h\se ( ,de    
,t\rville4--,b ,i _h /ill to exp]i5ce   
ano!r gift ( =tune4  ,on ! ev5+ ( my    
bir?-day1 ,clotilde _h giv5 a ru/ic fte 
to ! *ildr5 ( h] t5antry2 & all 7 danc+ 
9 front ( ! *ateau1 ) ! gaiety & ) !    
grace :i* nature seems to h conf]r$ z an
 especial gift on ev5 ! humble/ classes 
( ,france4  ,! day 0 "o ( ! luxury (    
summ]4 ,! l&scape be=e me 0 a ri* ext5t 
( pla9 & hill2 ! fragrance ( ! va/ g>d5s
 ( ! *ateau z ris+ z ! twilight         
approa*$2 my infants 7 clu/]+ r\nd my   
knee2 & 9 t ?ankfulness ( he>t1 :i* is n
 less s9c]e = its n be+ express$ 9      
words1 ,i came to ! conclusion1 t no    
access ( weal?1 or ( hon\rs1 c\ld add to

 my sub/antial happ9ess at t h\r4  ,my  
rev]ie 0 brok5 by ! s\nd ( a cal*e driv+
 up ! av5ue4 ,a c\ri] alight$ f x1 :o   
br\ght a lett] ) a black seal1 address$ 
to me4 ,x 0 f ! family solicitor4 ,my   
noble bro!r _h di$ 9 ,madeira2 :]e he _h
 gone 9 ! hopeless attempt to recruit a 
frame :i* he _h exhau/$ by a life (     
excess4 ,9 t h\r1 ,i gave him ! regrets 
:i* belong$ to ! tie ( blood4 ,i =got 8 
selfi%ness1 & =gave 8 ali5ation4 ,i     
?\ght ( him only z ! rememb]$ playfell[ 
( my e>ly days2 & c\ld say 9            
he>t--,alas1 my bro!r6 ,! l&scape be=e  
me at la/ sank into night2 & ) feel+s   
d>k5$ l x1 yet calm & /ill1 ,i saw !    
clos+ ( a day :i*1 pa9ful z 0 ! cause1  
yet call$ me to new duties1 gave me a   
/rong] hold ^u society1 & plac$ me 9 t  
position :i* ,i fully believe to comb9e 
m ( ! true mat]ials ( happ9ess & hon\r  
?an any o!r on e>?--t ( an opul5t       
,engli% nobleman4  ,my bro!r1 dy+       
*ildless1 _h devolv$ ! family e/ates to 
me1 disburd5$ ( ! results ( 8           

prodigality2 b ,i _h /ill mu* to occupy 
me1 9 re/or+ !m f ! neglect ( ye>s4 ,!  
life ( ! memb] ( gov]nm5t 0 n[ to       
alt]nate ) ! life ( ! c\ntry g5tleman2 &
 my transf] to ! ,h\se ( ,pe]s gave me !
 comp>ative leisure1 ess5tial to !      
fulfilm5t ( ! l>ge & lib]al duties :i*  
belong to ! ,engli% l&hold]4 ,to *e] !  
c\ntry life by rational hospitality2 to 
make fri5ds ( ^? :om nature _h made     
dep5d5ts2 to su/a9 ^? laws :i* _h turn$ 
,engl& into a g>d52 & to protect t bold 
peasantry1 :o ought to be ! pride1 z !y 
are ! /r5g? ( _! c\ntry2 to excite !    
c\ntry g5tlem5 to ! sci5tific /udy ( !  
noble/ ( all arts1 z x 0 ! fir/1 !      
cultivation ( ! soil2 to ma9ta9 among t 
gallant race a high s5se ( _! purposes1 
_! p[]s1 & _! position2 to invigorate ! 
pr9ciples :i* _h made !m ! sure/ def5d]s
 ( ! ?rone 9 its day ( adv]sity2 & to   
fix 9 _! m9ds by example1 m effectual   
?an precept1 a solemn fidelity to ! fai?
 & to ! fre$om ( _! =efa!rs3--^! 7 !    
objects :i* ,i propos$ to myself1 & :i* 

! l(tie/ intellect1 or ! ample/ opul5ce1
 might be well employ$ 9 attempt+ to    
fulfil4  ,^? objects _h be5 plac$ be=e  
,engl&1 f ! day :5 ! light ( !          
,re=mation broke ?r\gh ! d>kness ( a    
?\s& ye>s1 & h] br[ 0 fir/ design$ = !  
diadem4 ,by ^? %e 0 made ! univ]sal     
protector ( ,europe1 9 its day (        
fugitive pr9ces & fall+ ?rones2 & by ^? 
alone w be erect$ r\nd h]1 if %e %all   
rema9 true to h] allegiance1 a wall (   
fire1 9 ! days ( t approa*+ conte/ :i*  
%all br+ ! p[]s ( good & evil front to  
front1 9 /r5g? & ho/ility unkn[n be=e1 &
 consummate ! w>s ( ! _w4  ,yet ) ^?    
tranquil & retir$ pursuits1 ,i /ill took
 my %>e 9 ! activity ( public life4 ,i 0
 /ill m9i/]1 & bore my "p 9 !           
discussions ( ! legislature4 ,b ! great 
que/ions :i* _h once s\nd$ 9 my e>1 l ! 
call to battle 9 ! e> ( ! w>rior1 _h    
pass$ away4 ,! m9ds t rode 9 ! :irlw9d1 
& rul$ ! /orm1 _h vani%$ ) ! /orm4 ,!   
surge _h gone d[n2 & nei!r ! dang]s ( my
 e>li] day1 nor ! p[]s :i* 7 summon$ to 

resi/ !m1 7 to be f\nd 9 ! liv+         
g5]ation4 ,yet1 let x n be ?\ght t ,i   
reg>d ! m9d ( ,engl& z exhau/$1 or ev5 z
 exhau/ible4 ,! only di/9ction betwe5 ! 
p]iods is1 t "o gave ! impulse1 & t !   
o!r only cont9ues x4 ,:5 p]il comes     
aga91 we %all aga9 see ! developm5t (   
p[]4 ,we might z well d\bt ! exi/5ce (  
lightn+1 because ! day is s]5e1 ! sun   
%9+1 & no cl\d rolls across ! heav54 ,b 
:5 ! balance ( ! elem5ts dem&s to be    
re/or$1 we %all aga9 be dazzl$ by !     
fla%1 & aw$ by ! ?und]4  ,b "t has      
taught me additional lessons4 ,i h le>n$
 to see a h&1 9 all its cl\ds1 :i*      
guides man & k+doms ) m ?an human p[]4  
,9 ^! remembrances1 ,i h spok5 b little 
( religion4 ,x belongs to ! *amb] m ?an 
to ! c\ncil2 & x is less hon\r$ ?an     
humiliat$ by be+ br\ght idly be=e m54 ,b
 by t light ,i h be5 able to see1 :]e   
subtl] m9ds h be5 bl9d4 ,! man may be   
bewild]$ by ! gl>e ( ! tor* 9 8 h&1 :o  
w\ld h f\nd 8 way by tru/+ to ! mild]   
lu/re ( ! />s4 ,9 ! great w> ( our "t1 !

 greate/ s9ce ! fall ( ! ,roman         
empire--! w> ( ! ,fr5* ,revolution--,i  
?9k1 t ,i c trace a div9e protection1   
di/9ctly giv5 to ,engl& z ! *ampion (   
ju/ice1 hon\r1 & religion4 ,i (f] b !   
outl9e ( ?is view2 b to me ! pro( is    
demon/rative4--,9 e in/ance 9 :i*       
,france aim$ an especial bl[ at ,engl&1 
t bl[ 0 retort$ by an especial          
retribution2 :ile h] assaults on !      
cont95tal k+doms 7 made ) triumphant    
impunity4  ,i give ! examples4--,! ,fr5*
 exp$ition to ,egypt 0 =m$ ) ! express  
object ( break+ d[n ! influ5ce ( ,engl& 
9 ! ,ea/1 & ultimately subv]t+ h]       
,indian empire--t exp$ition 0 ! fir/ :i*
 t>ni%$ ! milit>y r5[n ( ! ,republic1   
co/ h] a fleet1 & lo/ h] an army4 ,( !  
army :i* ,napoleon l$ to ,egypt1 n a    
battalion return$ to ,europe b z !      
prison]s ( ,engl&6  ,! ,fr5* invasion ( 
,spa9 0 a bl[ aim$ expressly at ,engl&4 
,its object 0 ! invasion ( ,engl&--!    
,spani% w> broke d[n ! milit>y r5[n ( ! 
,empire1 & 0 pron\nc$ by ,napoleon to be

 ! orig9 ( 8 ru96  ,! invasion ( ,russia
 0 a bl[ aim$ expressly at ,engl&4 ,its 
object 0 ! ext9ction ( ,engli% comm]ce 9
 ! :ole sea-l9e ( ! nor?--t invasion 0  
puni%$1 by ! ru9 ( ! :ole vet]an army ( 
,france6  ,napoleon himself at l5g? met 
! troops ( ,engl&4 ,he met !m ) an      
arrogant assumption ( victory--,ah6 je  
les ti5s1 ces ,anglais4 ,nev] 0         
presumption m deeply puni%$4 ,?is s+le  
conflict de/roy$ him2 8 laurels1 8      
diadem1 & 8 dyna/y1 7 bla/$ toge!r6  ,x 
is n less memorable1 t dur+ ! entire    
,revolution>y w>1 ,france 0 nev] suff]$ 
to inflict an injury on ,engl&2 ) "o    
exception--! p]fidi\s seizure ( !       
,engli% travell+ 9 ! ,fr5* t]ritories "u
 ! safegu>d ( ! ,imp]ial passports4 ,b  
?is1 too1 _h its puni%m5t--& "o ( ! mo/ 
especial & *>act]i/ic                   
retribution--,napoleon himself 0 s5t to 
a dungeon6 ,by a fate unhe>d ( ev5 among
 fall5 pr9ces1 ! man :o _h trea*]\sly   
made prison]s ( ! ,engli% 0 himself made
 a prison]1 0 deliv]$ into ,engli% h&s1 

0 consign$ to captivity 9 an ,engli%    
isl&1 & di$ ! prison] ( ,engl&6  ,i     
speak ( ev5ts l ^!1 n 9 ! _s (          
sup]/ition1 nor 9 ! fond presumption (  
be+ an int]pret] ( ! my/]i\s ways (     
,provid5ce4 ,i record !m1 9 a full      
consci\sness ( ! immeasurable di/ance   
betwe5 ! intellect ( man & ! wisdom ( ! 
supreme ,dispos]4 ,b !y convey1 at lea/ 
to my own feel+s1 a confid5ce1 a solemn 
security1 a calm yet ard5t conviction1 t
 *ance has no %>e 9 ! gov]nm5t ( ! _w2 t
 ! great tide ( ?+s1 9 its rise & fall1 
has laws1 :i*1 if unapproa*$ by !       
feebl5ess ( human faculties1 are n !    
less true1 va/1 & imp]i%able2 t if1 l ! 
air1 ! ag5cy ( t rul+ & b\ndless        
au?ority is invisible1 we may yet feel  
its exi/5ce 9 its effects1 rejoice 9 !  
ackn[l$gm5t ( a p[] :i* no?+ c exhau/1 &
 take to our bosoms ! high consolation1 
t ! good ( man is ! supreme pr9ciple ( !
 sy/em4         99       99       99    
99       99  ,m5 actively employ$ 9     
public life1 are /rangely apt to ?9k t  

!re is no progress outside _! circle4   
,b1 on my return to ,mortim] ,ca/le1 ,i 
f\nd ?is conception amply confut$4 ,! _w
 _h mov$ z rapidly 9 ^? %ades1 z 9 !    
c5tre ( cab9ets & c\rts4 ,"t _h done its
 "w1 9 *ang+ ! condition ( almo/ e human
 be+ :om ,i _h kn[n 9 my e>ly days4 ,!  
bro!rs & si/]s1 :om ,i _h left *ildr51 7
 n[ 9 ! full beauty ( _! prime2 my      
bro!rs %[y & /irr+ y\?s2 my si/]s fair &
 g5tle girls1 j rea*+ t p]iod ( life :5 
! c\nt5ance & m9d are 9 _! bloom toge!r1
 & ! highborn woman ( ,engl& is !       
lovelie/ p]haps 9 ! _w4 ,! extravagance 
( my eld] bro!r _h dilapidat$ !         
provision int5d$ = ! y\ng] bran*es ( 8  
h\se4 ,my habits1 le>n$ 9 a /]n] s*ool1 
enabl$ me to retrieve _! =tunes1 & ,i   
?us secur$ a new tie to _! reg>ds4      
,ju/ice is ess5tial to all gratitude1 & 
,i f\nd !m ready to pay ! tribute1 to ! 
full4  ,among my fir/ visits 0 "o to my 
old fri5d & tutor1 ,v9c5t4 ,i f\nd him  
/ill resid5t on 8 liv+2 & ) spirits1 on 
:i* "t _h wr\ght no *ange4 ,ye>s _h     

pass$ lightly ov] 8 head4 ,8 eye 0 z    
vivid1 & 8 m9d z active z ev]4 ,he      
p]haps /oop$ a little m1 & 8 frame _h   
lo/ some?+ ( t ela/icity ( /ep :i* _h s 
(t5 tri$ my "y n]ves 9 our rambl+s ov] !
 hills4 ,b he 0 ! same cordial1 animat$1
 & high-ton$ be+1 9 all 8 feel+s1 t ,i  
_h se5 him f ! fir/ h\r4 ,i f\nd him 9 8
 g>d51 arrang+1 select+1 & enjoy+ 8     
fl[]-b$s ) all ! _s ( a horticulturi/4  
,b he apologis$ = :at he t]m$1 its      
disord]4 ,=1 said he1 ,i h lo/ all my   
g>d5]s4 ,on my look+ d\btful1 ,all my   
girls1 said he1 are gone2 all m>ri$2 all
 w$d$ to "o neighb\r or ano!r4 ,su* is !
 way 9 :i* ,i h be5 left alone4 ,i made 
my condol5ces on 8 solitude1 9 due =m4  
,yet ,i am n q solit>y1 add$ ! gay old  
man1 aft] all2 or my solitude dep5ds ^u 
myself4 ,my girls are all m>ri$ to our  
squires1 hone/ fell[s1 & "s ( !m well   
en\gh (f 9 ! _w4 ,b ,i made a           
/ipulation1 t none ( !m %\ld m>ry out ( 
sight f ! gazebo on ! top ( yond] hill2 
& :5 ,i want _! company1 ,i h only to   

hoi/ a flag4 ,y see t ,i h n altoge!r   
=gott5 my days ( ! sabre & ! signal-po/2
 my telegraph works well1 & ,i h !m all 
troop+ ov] "h ) ! regul>ity ( a         
squadron4  ,! approa* ( w9t] made !     
ca/le a sc5e ( increas$ livel9ess4 ,i _h
 always look$ ) /rong di/a/e on ! habit 
( fly+ to wat]+-places at ! season :5 ! 
pres5ce ( ! lead+ families ( a c\nty is 
mo/ important to ! com=ts ( ! t5antry1 &
 to ! intellig5t & social int]c\rse ( ! 
high] ranks4 ,i s5t a reque/ to         
,lafonta9e & 8 wife1 t !y %\ld p]=m _!  
cov5ant1 & v5ture to see h[ ,engli% life
 contriv$ to get ?r\gh ! dulness ( its  
,decemb]s4 ,my reque/ 0 c\nt]sign$ by   
,clotilde1 & ?is 0 irresi/ible4 ,!y     
came1 & 7 receiv$ ) a joy\s welcome4 ,!y
 too _h und]gone a *ange4 ,lafonta9e 0  
grav]1 & 0 mu* ! bett] = 8 gravity4 ,he 
0 n[ ! s9c]e & k9d-he>t$ be+ = :i*      
nature _h int5d$ him4 ,! coxcombry (    
,fr5* e>ly life _h disappe>$1 & left    
beh9d x only t g5]al grace & _s :i*     
makes ! maturity ( a =eign life its mo/ 

int]e/+ portion4 ,m>iamne 0 /ill m      
advantage\sly *ang$4 ,h] wild vivacity 0
 less subdu$ ?an trans=m$ into elegance 
( mann]2 h] features 7 /ill h&some1     
travel _h giv5 h] k1 & h] natural tal5ts
 _h be5 cultivat$ by ! solit>y h\rs1 9  
:i* b = t cultivation %e might h sunk   
into ! grave4 ,%e _h br\ght ) h]1 too1  
ano!r remembrance1 & "o ( t ord] :i*    
produces ! mo/ p[]ful effect ^u ! :ole  
"* ( woman4 ,%e _h br\ght h] fir/-born1 
a lovely infant1 9 :i* h] :ole s\l seem$
 to be absorb$1 & 9 :i* %e already      
discov]$ m beauties & good qualities ?an
 fate or =tune _h ev] giv5 to human     
nature4 ,b ! c5tre ( our circle1 & !    
admiration & love ( all1 sat my wife1 my
 g5]\s1 noble1 pure-spirit$ ,clotilde4  
,"t1 too1 _h wr\ght its *ange on h]2 b x
 0 only to give h] deep] claims on !    
feel+s ( a he>t :i* c\ld n imag9e       
happ9ess )\t h]4 ,! h]o9e _h :olly      
disappe>$1 & giv5 place to ! woman2 ! "*
 ( resi/ance to ! %ocks & fr[ns ( =tune1
 :i* adv]sity _h made ess5tial p]haps to

 h] be+1 _h pass$ away ) h] day (       
suff]+4 ,%e 0 n[ s(t1 mild1 t5d]1 &     
confid+4 ,%e (t5 rem9d$ me ( "s ( ^?    
plants :i*1 :5 expos$ to ! /orm1        
contract & dim9i% _! =m & foliage2 b1 :5
 %elt]$1 resume _! orig9al luxuriance & 
lovel9ess4 ,clotilde1 9 ! suff]+s ( !   
emigration1 9 ! t]rors ( ! ,revolution1 
& 9 ! m>* ?r\gh ! ,v5de1 might h p]i%$1 
b = t l(t9ess ( s\l :i* 0 awak5$ by !   
exig5cy ( ! trial4 ,b n[1 surr\nd$ ) all
 ! security ( rank1 & ) opul5ce = h]    
enjoym5t1 & ) love to *]i% h]1 %e       
display$ ! =ce ( h] nature only 9 !     
fondness ( h] affections4 ,?us surr\nd$1
 ?us *e]$1 ?us look$ up to by be+s :om  
,i lov$2 :at _h ,i to ask = m8 ,no?+4 ,i
 "h close my page ( life4 ,i /ill       
vividly reta9 all ! s5se ( duty1 all !  
feel+ ( patriotism1 & all !             
consci\sness1 t age w nei!r dull my he>t
 t[>ds ^? :om ,i h s long lov$1 nor %ut 
up !irs to me4 ,i believe 9 !           
possibility ( fri5d%ip unta9t$ by       
selfi%ness1 & ,i am firm 9 ! fai?1 (    

love t kn[s no decl9e4 ,i look r\nd me1 
& am s]5ely happy4 ,i look above me1 &  
am sacr$ly ?ankful4     ,,h[ ,,we ,,got 
,,up ,,! ,,gl5mut*k9 ,,railway1 ,,& ,,h[
 ,,we ,,got ,,out ,,( ,,x4   ,i 0       
conf\nd$ly h>d up4 ,my patrimony1 nev] (
 ! l>ge/1 _h be5 = ! la/ ye> on !       
decrease--a h]ald w\ld h emblazon$ x1   
,,arg5t1 a money-bag improp]1 9         
detrim5t--& ?\gh ! att5uat+ process 0 n 
excessively rapid1 x 01 nev]!less1      
proce$+ at a /eady ratio4 ,z = ! ord9>y 
means & appliances by :i* m5 contrive to
 recruit _! exhau/$ ex*equ]s1 ,i knew   
none ( !m4 ,"w ,i abhorr$ ) a dete/ation
 wor?y ( a scion ( nobility2 &1 ,i      
believe1 y c\ld j z soon h p]suad$ !    
l9eal repres5tative ( ! ,h[>ds or ,p]cys
 to exhibit himself 9 ! "* ( a          
m\ntebank1 z h got me to tru/ my p]son  
on ! p9nacle ( a ?ree-legg$ /ool4 ,!    
rule ( ?ree is all v well = base        
me*anical s\ls2 b ,i flatt] myself ,i h 
an intellect too l>ge to be limit$ to a 
l$g]4 ,augu/us1 said my poor "m to me1  

"o day :ile /rok+ my hyac9?9e           
tresses--,augu/us1 my de> boy1 :atev] y 
d1 nev] =get t y are a g5tleman4 ,!     
mat]nal maxim sunk deeply into my he>t1 
& ,i nev] = a mom5t h =gott5 x4         
,not)/&+ ?is ari/ocratical resolution1 !
 great practical "q1 ,h[ am ,i to live8 
began to ?ru/ itself unpleasantly be=e  
me4 ,i am "o ( t un=tunate class :o h   
nei!r uncles nor aunts4 ,= me1 no yell[ 
liv]less individual1 ) *>act]i/ic bamboo
 & pigtail--emblems ( half a            
million--return$ to 8 native %ores f    
,ceylon or remote ,p5ang4 ,= me1 no     
v5]able sp9/] ho>d$ 9 ! ,trongate1      
p]mitt+ h]self few luxuries dur+ a      
long-protract$ life1 save a lass & a    
lan?orn1 a p>rot1 & ! inv>iable baudrons
 ( antiquity4 ,no su* luck 0 m9e4 ,_h   
all ,glasg[ p]i%$ by "s va/ epidemic1 ,i
 %\ld n h f\nd myself "o f>?+ ! ri*]4   
,!re w\ld h be5 no gold5 balsam = me 9 !
 accumulat$ woes ( ,trade/[n1           
,%ettle/on1 & ,camla*ie4 ,! "t has be5  
:5--accord+ to ,wa%+ton ,irv+ & o!r     

v]aci\s hi/orians--a "y man _h no soon] 
got into difficulties ?an a gu>dian     
angel appe>$ to him 9 a dream1 ) !      
in=mation t at su* & su* a bridge1 or "u
 su* & su* a tree1 he might f9d1 at a   
slight exp5diture ( lab\r1 a gallipot   
secur$ ) bladd]1 & fill$ ) glitt]+      
tomauns2 or 9 ! extremity ( despair1 !  
y\? _h only to app5d himself to a cord1 
& /raightaway ! o!r end !re(1 =sak+ its 
/aple 9 ! ro(1 w\ld disclose amid/ !    
fractur$ ceil+ ! glories ( a pr(itable  
pose4 ,^! bless$ days h long s9ce gone  
by--at any rate1 no su* luck 0 m9e4 ,my 
gu>dian angel 0 ei!r woefully ignorant (
 metallurgy1 or ! /ores _h be5          
surreptiti\sly ransack$2 & z to ! o!r   
exp$i5t1 ,i frankly confess ,i %\ld h   
lik$ "s bett] security = its result1 ?an
 ! prec$5t ( ! ,heir ( ,lynn4  ,x is a  
great consolation amid/ all ! evils (   
life1 to "k t1 h[ev] bad y\r            
circum/ances may be1 !re is always      
somebody else 9 ne>ly ! same pr$icam5t4 
,my *os5 fri5d & ally1 ,bob             

,m',cork9dale1 0 equally h>d up )       
myself1 &1 if possible1 m av]se to      
ex]tion4 ,bob 0 ess5tially a speculative
 man--t is1 9 a philosophical s5se4 ,he 
_h once got hold ( a /ray volume ( ,adam
 ,smi?1 & muddl$ 8 bra9s = a :ole week  
ov] ! intricacies ( ! ,weal? ( ,nations4
 ,! result 0 a crude f>rago ( notions   
reg>d+ ! true nature ( money1 ! s\ndness
 ( curr5cy1 & relative value ( capital1 
) :i* he nightly fav\r$ an admir+       
audi5ce at ,! ,cr[2 = ,bob 0 by no      
means--9 ! lit]al acceptation ( ! ^w--a 
dry philosoph]4 ,on ! contr>y1 he       
p]fectly appreciat$ ! m]its ( ea* di/9ct
 di/ill]y2 & 0 und]/ood to be ! compil] 
( a /ati/ical "w1 entitl$1 ,a ,t\r ?r\gh
 ! ,alcoholic ,di/ricts ( ,scotl&4 ,x _h
 v e>ly occurr$ to me1 :o knew z mu* (  
political economy z ( ! bagpipes1 t a   
g5tleman s well v]s$ 9 ! art (          
accumulat+ national weal?1 mu/ h "s     
remote ideas ( apply+ 8 pr9ciples       
pr(itably on a small] scale4 ,accord+ly1
 ,i gave ,m',cork9dale an unlimit$      

invitation to my lodg+s2 &1 l a good    
he>ty fell[ z he 01 he avail$ himself e 
ev5+ ( ! lic5se2 = ,i _h laid 9 a f\rte5
 gallon cask ( ,oban :isky1 & ! quality 
( ! malt 0 und5iable4  ,^! 7 ! fir/     
glori\s days ( g5]al speculation4       
,railroads 7 em]g+ f ! h&s ( ! great]   
into ! f+]s ( ! less] capitali/s4 ,two  
successful h>ve/s _h giv5 a fe>ful      
/imulus to ! national en]gy2 & x appe>$ 
p]fectly c]ta9 t all ! popul\s t[ns w\ld
 be unit$1 & ! ri* agricultural di/ricts
 int]sect$1 by ! magical b&s ( iron4 ,! 
columns ( ! newspap]s teem$ e week ) !  
p>turition ( novel s*emes2 & ! %>es 7 no
 soon] ann\nc$ ?an !y 7 rapidly         
subscrib$ =4 ,b :at is ! use ( my say+  
any ?+ m ab\t ! hi/ory ( la/ ye>8 ,e "o 
( u rememb]s x p]fectly well4 ,x 0 a    
capital ye> on ! :ole1 & put money into 
_m a pocket4 ,ab\t t "t1 ,bob & ,i      
comm5c$ op]ations4 ,our available       
capital1 or negotiable bullion1 9 !     
language ( my fri5d1 am\nt$ to ab\t ?ree
 hundr$ p\nds1 :i* we set aside z a jo9t

 fund = speculation4 ,bob1 9 a s]ies (  
le>n$ disc\rses1 _h conv9c$ me t x 0 n  
only folly1 b a positive s91 to leave   
?is sum ly+ 9 ! bank at a pitiful rate (
 int]e/1 & o!rwise unemploy$1 :il/ e "o 
else 9 ! k+dom 0 hav+ a pluck at !      
public pigeon4 ,someh[ or o!r1 we 7     
unlucky 9 our fir/ attempts4            
,speculators are l wasps2 = :5 !y h once
 got hold ( a rip5+ & pea*-l project1 !y
 keep x rigidly = _! own sw>m1 & repel !
 approa* ( int]lop]s4 ,not)/&+ all our  
ef=ts1 & v +5i\s ones !y 71 we nev]1 9 a
 s+le in/ance1 succe$$ 9 procur+ an     
allocation ( orig9al %>es2 & ?\gh we did
 n[ & !n make a hit by pur*ase1 we m    
frequ5tly b\ght at a premium1 & p>t$ )  
our scrip at a disc\nt4 ,at ! end ( six 
mon?s1 we 7 n tw5ty p\nds ri*] ?an be=e4
  ,?is w nev] d1 said ,bob1 z he sat "o 
ev5+ 9 my rooms comp\nd+ 8 second       
tumbl]4 ,i ?\ght we 7 liv+ 9 an         
enlight5$ age2 b ,i f9d ,i 0 mi/ak54 ,t 
brutal _s ( monopoly is /ill abroad &   
uncurb$4 ,! pr9ciples2 ( free-trade are 

utt]ly =gott51 or misund]/ood4 ,else h[ 
comes x t ,david ,spreul receiv$ b      
ye/]day an allocation ( two hundr$ %>es 
9 ! ,we/]midd5 ,junction2 :il/ y\r      
application & m9e1 = a ?\s& ea*1 7      
ov]look$8 ,is ?is a /ate ( ?+s to be    
tol]at$8 ,:y %\ld he1 ) 8 fifty ?\s&    
p\nds1 receive a slapp+ premium1 :il/   
our ?ree hundr$ ( available capital     
rema9s unrepres5t$8 ,! fact is mon/r\s1 
& dem&s ! imm$iate & s]i\s int]f]5ce ( !
 legislature4  ,x is a bloody %ame1 said
 ,i1 fully alive to ! manifold          
advantages ( a premium4  ,i'll tell y   
:at1 ,dun%unn]1 rejo9$ ,m',cork9dale1   
x's no use go+ on 9 ?is way4 ,we hav5't 
%[n half pluck en\gh4 ,^! fell[s consid]
 u z snobs1 because we don't take ! bull
 by ! horns4 ,n['s ! "t = a bold /roke4 
,! public are q ready to subscribe = any
 ?+--& we'll />t a railway = ourselves4 
,/>t a railway ) ?ree hundr$ p\nds (    
capital6  ,p%aw1 man6 y don't "k :at    
y're talk+ ab\t--we've a great deal m   
capital ?an t4 ,h n ,i told y sev5ty    

times ov]1 t e ?+ a man has--8 coat1 8  
hat1 ! tumbl]s he dr9ks f1 nay1 8 v     
corporeal exi/5ce--is absolute m>ketable
 capital8 ,:at d y call t f\rte5-gallon 
cask1 ,i %\ld l to "k8  ,a comp\nd (    
hoops & /aves1 conta9+ ab\t a qu>t & a  
half ( spirits--y h effectually acc\nt$ 
= ! re/4  ,!n x has gone to ! fund (    
pr(it & loss1 t's all4 ,nev] let me he> 
y sport ^? old !ories aga94 ,capital is 
inde/ructible1 z ,i am ready to prove to
 y any day1 9 half an h\r4 ,b let u sit 
d[n s]i\sly to bus9ess4 ,we are ri*     
en\gh to pay = ! adv]tisem5ts1 & t is   
all we ne$ c>e = 9 ! mean "t4 ,! public 
is sure to /ep 91 & be> u out h&somely )
 ! re/4  ,b :]e 9 ! face ( ! habitable  
globe %all ! railway be8 ,engl& is out (
 ! "q1 & ,i h>dly "k a spot 9 ! ,l[l&s t
 is n occupi$ already4  ,:at d y say to 
a ,spani% s*eme--! ,alcant>a ,union8    
,hang me if ,i "k :e!r ,alcant>a is 9   
,spa9 or ,portugal2 b nobody else does1 
& ! "o is q z good z ! o!r4 ,or :at w\ld
 y ?9k ( ! ,pal]mo ,railway1 ) a bran*  

to ! sulphur m9es8--t w\ld be popul> 9 !
 ,nor?--or ! ,pyr5ees ,direct8 ,!y w\ld 
all g to a premium4  ,i mu/ confess ,i  
%\ld pref] a l9e at home4  ,well1 !n1 :y
 n try ! ,highl&s8 ,!re mu/ be lots (   
traffic !re 9 ! %ape ( %eep1 gr\se1 &   
,cockney t\ri/s1 n to m5tion salmon &   
o!r et cet]as4 ,c\ldn't we tip !m a     
railway some:]e 9 ! we/8  ,!re's        
,gl5mut*k91 = in/ance----  ,capital1 my 
de> fell[6 ,glori\s6 ,by ,jove1         
fir/-rate6 %\t$ ,bob 9 an ec/asy (      
delight4 ,!re's a di/ill]y !re1 y "k1 & 
a fi%+ village at ! foot2 at lea/ !re   
us$ to be six ye>s ago1 :5 ,i 0 liv+ ) !
 exciseman4 ,!re may be "s bo!r ab\t !  
population1 ?\gh4 ,! la/ laird %ipp$ e  
"m's son ( ! orig9al ,celts to ,am]ica2 
b1 aft] all1 t's n ( mu* consequ5ce4 ,i 
see ! :ole ?+6 ,unrivall$ sc5]y--/up5d\s
 wat]falls--h]ds ( black cattle--spot   
:]e ,pr9ce ,*>les ,edw>d met ,macgrug> (
 ,gl5grug> & 8 clan6 ,we c\ld n possibly
 h light$ on a m promis+ place4 ,h& u   
ov] t %eet ( pap]1 l a good fell[1 & a  

p54 ,!re is no "t to be lo/1 & ! soon]  
we get out ! prospectus ! bett]4  ,b1   
,heav5 bless y1 ,bob1 !re's a great deal
 to be ?\ght ( fir/4 ,:o are we to get =
 a provisional committee8  ,t's v true1 
said ,bob mus+ly4 ,we mu/ treat !m to "s
 respectable names1 t is1 good s\nd+    
ones4 ,i'm afraid !re is little *ance ( 
our produc+ a ,pe] to beg9 )8  ,none    
:atev]--unless we c\ld inv5t "o1 & t's  
h>dly safe--,burke's ,pe]age has gone   
?r\gh too _m editions4 ,c\ldn't we try !
 ,dormants8  ,t w\ld be r dang]\s 9 !   
tee? ( ! /&+ ord]s4 ,b :at d y say to a 
b>onet8 ,!re's ,sir ,polloxf5 ,trem5s4  
,he got himself s]v$ ! o!r day to a     
,nova ,scotia b>onetcy1 ) j z mu* title 
z y or ,i h2 & he has sport$ ! rib&1 &  
d9$ out on ! /r5g? ( x ev] s9ce4 ,he'll 
jo9 u at once1 = he has n a sixp5ce to  
lose4  ,d[n ) him1 !n1 & we head$ !     
,provisional li/ ) ! pseudo             
,orange-tawney4  ,n[1 said ,bob1 x's q  
indisp5sable1 z ?is is a ,highl& l9e1 t 
we %\ld put =w>d a ,*ief or two4 ,t has 

always a great effect ^u ! ,engli%1 ^:  
feudal notions are r ( ! mi/ie/1 &      
pr9cipally d]iv$ f ,wav]ley4  ,:y n     
write y\rself d[n z ! ,laird (          
,m',cork9dale8 said ,i4 ,i d>esay y w\ld
 n be negativ$ by a c\nt]-claim4  ,t    
w\ld h>dly d1 repli$ ,bob1 z ,i int5d to
 be ,secret>y4 ,aft] all1 :at's ! use ( 
?9k+ ab\t x8 ,"h goes = an extempore    
,*ief1 & ! villa9 wrote d[n ! "n (      
,tavi% ,m',tavi% ( ,inv]tavi%4  ,i say1 
?\gh1 said ,i1 we mu/ h a real ,highl&] 
on ! li/4 ,if we g on ?is way1 x w      
become a ,ju/ici>y matt]4  ,y're devili%
 scrupul\s1 ,gus1 said ,bob1 :o1 if left
 to himself1 w\ld h /uck 9 ! names ( !  
hea!n gods & godesses1 or borr[$ 8      
directors f ! ,ossianic *ronicles1 r ?an
 h delay$ ! prospectus4 ,:]e ! mis*ief  
are we to f9d ! m58 ,i c ?9k ( no o!rs  
likely to g ! :ole hog2 c y8  ,i don't  
"k a s+le ,celt 9 ,glasg[ except old    
,m',closkie1 ! drunk5 port] at ! corn] (
 ,jamaica ,/reet4  ,he's ! v man6 ,i    
suppose1 aft] ! mann] ( 8 tribe1 he w d 

any ?+ = a p9t ( :isky4 ,b :at %all we  
call him8 ,jamaica ,/reet1 ,i fe>1 w    
h>dly d = a designation4  ,call him ,,! 
,m',,closkie4 ,x w be sonor\s 9 ! e>s ( 
! ,saxon6  ,bravo6 & ano!r ,*ief 0 add$ 
to ! roll ( ! clans4  ,n[1 said ,bob1 we
 mu/ put y d[n4 ,recollect1 all !       
managem5t--t is1 ! allocation--w be     
entru/$ to y4 ,augu/us--y hav5't a      
middle "n ,i ?9k8--well1 !n1 suppose we 
int]polate ',reg9ald2' x has a smack ( !
 ,crusades4 ,augu/us ,reg9ald ,dun%unn]1
 ,esq4 ( ---- :]e1 9 ! "n ( ,mun*aus58  
,i'm sure ,i don't "k4 ,i nev] _h any l&
 beyond ! cont5ts ( a fl[]-pot4 ,/ay--,i
 r ?9k ,i h a sup]iority some:]e ab\t   
,paisley4  ,j ! ?+1 cri$ ,bob4 ,x's     
h]itable prop]ty1 & !re=e titul>4 ,:at's
 ! d5om9ation8  ,/ ,mirr5s4  ,beautiful6
 ,dun%unn] ( ,/ ,mirr5s1 ,i give y joy6 
,_h y discov]$ t a little soon]--& ,i   
wond] y did n ?9k ( x--we might bo? ( u 
h _h lots ( allocations4 ,^! are n !    
times to conceal h]$it>y di/9ctions4 ,b 
n[ comes ! s]i\s "w4 ,we mu/ h "o or two

 m5 ( kn[n weal? ^u ! li/4 ,! *aff is   
no?+ )\t a decoy-bird4 ,n[1 c't y help  
me ) a "n8  ,9 t case1 said ,i1 ! game  
is up1 & ! :ole s*eme explod$4 ,i w\ld z
 soon und]take to evoke ! gho/ (        
,croesus4  ,dun%unn]1 said ,bob v       
s]i\sly1 to be a man ( in=mation1 y are 
possess$ ( m>vell\s few res\rces4 ,i am 
q a%am$ ( y4 ,n[ li/5 to me4 ,i h ?\ght 
deeply ^u ?is subject1 & am q conv9c$ t 
) "s little tr\ble we may secure !      
co-op]ation ( a mo/ weal?y & influ5tial 
body--"o1 too1 t is g5]ally suppos$ to h
 /ood alo( f all speculation ( ! k9d1 & 
^: "n w\ld be a t[] ( /r5g? 9 ! moni$   
qu>t]s4 ,i allude1 cont9u$ ,bob1 rea*+  
across = ! kettle1 to ! great ,diss5t+  
,int]e/4  ,! :at8 cri$ ,i agha/4  ,!    
great ,diss5t+ ,int]e/4 ,y c't h fail$  
to obs]ve ! r[ !y h lately be5 mak+ ab\t
 ,sunday travell+ & education4 ,old ,sam
 ,sawley1 ! c(f9-mak]1 is _! pr9cipal   
spokesman "h2 & :]ev] he goes ! re/ w   
foll[1 l a flock ( %eep b\nd+ aft] a    
patri>*al ram4 ,i propose1 !re=e1 to    

wait ^u him to-morr[1 & reque/ 8        
co-op]ation 9 a s*eme :i* is n only to  
prove pr(itable1 b to make head aga9/ ! 
lax pr9ciples ( ! pres5t age4 ,leave me 
alone to tickle him4 ,i consid] 8 "n1 & 
^? ( "o or two o!rs belong+ to ! same   
meet+-h\se--fell[s ) bank-/ock1 & all   
sorts ( t9--z p]fectly secure4 ,^!      
diss5t]s smell a premium f an almo/     
incr$ible di/ance4 ,we c fill up ! re/ (
 ! committee ) ciph]s1 & ! :ole ?+ is   
done4  ,b ! eng9e]--we mu/ ann\nce su*  
an (fic] z a matt] ( c\rse4  ,i nev]    
?\ght ( t1 said ,bob4 ,c\ldn't we hire a
 fell[ f "o ( ! /eam-boats8  ,i fe> t   
might get u into tr\ble3 ,y "k !re are  
su* ?+s z gradi5ts & sections to be     
prep>$4 ,b !re's ,watty ,sold]1 !       
gasfitt]1 :o fail$ ! o!r day4 ,he's a   
sort ( civil eng9e] by trade1 & w jump  
at ! proposal l a tr\t at ! tail ( a    
,may fly4  ,agre$4 ,n[1 !n1 let's fix ! 
numb] ( %>es4 ,?is is our fir/ exp]im5t1
 & ,i ?9k we ought to be mod]ate4 ,no   
s\nd political economi/ is av>ici\s4    

,let u say twelve ?\s&1 at tw5ty p\nds  
a-piece4  ,s be x4  ,well1 !n1 t's      
arrang$4 ,i'll see ,sawley & ! re/      
to-morr[2 settle ) ,sold]1 & !n write   
out ! prospectus4 ,y look 9 ^u me 9 !   
ev5+1 & we'll revise x toge!r4 ,n[1 by  
y\r leave1 let's h 9 ! ,wel% rabbit &   
ano!r tumbl] to dr9k success & prosp]ity
 to ! ,gl5mut*k9 railway4  ,i confess1 t
 :5 ,i rose on ! morr[1 ) a slight      
heada*e & a tongue indiff]5tly p>*$1 ,i 
recall$ to memory1 n )\t p]turbation (  
consci5ce1 & "s int]nal qualms1 !       
conv]sation ( ! previ\s ev5+4 ,i felt   
reliev$1 h[ev]1 aft] two spoonfuls (    
c>bonate ( soda1 & a glance at !        
newspap]1 :]e9 ,i p]ceiv$ ! ann\ncem5t (
 no less ?an f\r o!r s*emes equally     
prepo/]\s ) our own4 ,b1 aft] all1 :at  
"r _h ,i to assume t ! ,gl5mut*k9       
project w\ld prove an ultimate failure8 
,i _h n a scrap ( /ati/ical in=mation t 
might entitle me to =m su* an op9ion4   
,at any rate1 ,p>liam5t1 by sub/itut+ ! 
,bo>d ( ,trade z an initiat+ body (     

enquiry1 _h creat$ a responsible        
tribunal1 & fre$ u f ! *ance ( obloquy4 
,i saw be=e me a vision ( six mon?s'    
/eady gambl+1 at manife/ advantage1 9 ! 
%>es1 be=e a report c\ld possibly be    
pron\nc$1 or our proce$+s 9 any way     
ov]haul$4 ,( c\rse ,i att5d$ t ev5+     
punctually at my fri5d ,m',cork9dale's4 
,bob 0 9 high fea!r2 = ,sawley no soon] 
he>d ( ! pr9ciples ^u :i* ! railway 0 to
 be conduct$1 & 8 own nom9ation z a     
director1 ?an he gave 9 8 adhesion1 &   
promis$ 8 unfl9*+ support to ! utt]mo/4 
,! ,prospectus ran z foll[s3--          
,,direct ,,gl5mut*k9 ,,railway4     ,9  
#ab1jjj ,%>es ( ,l4#bj ea*4 ,deposit    
,l4#a p] ,%>e4                          
,provisional ,committee4     ,,sir      
,,polloxf5 ,,trem5s1 ,b>t4 ( ,toddyma9s4
     ,,tavi% ,m',,tavi% ( ,inv]tavi%4   
,,! ,m',,closkie4     ,,augu/us         
,,reg9ald ,,dun%unn]1 ,esq4 ( ,/        
,mirr5s4     ,,samuel ,,sawley1 ,esq41  
,m]*ant4                                
,,mhic-,,mhac-,,vi*-,,induibh4          

,,phelim ,o',,f9lan1 ,esq4 (            
,ca/le-rook1 ,irel&4     ,,! ,,capta9 ( 
,m',,alcohol4     ,,factor =            
,,gl5tumbl]s4     ,,john ,,job ,,jobson1
 ,esq41 ,manufactur]4     ,,evan        
,m',,claw ( ,gl5sc>t & ,inv]yewky4      
,,joseph ,,heckles1 ,esq4     ,,habbakuk
 ,,grabbie1 ,portion] 9                 
,ramo?-,drumclog4                       
,eng9e]--,,walt] ,,sold]1 ,esq4         
,int]im ,secret>y--,,rob]t              
,m',,cork9dale1 ,esq4       ,! necessity
 ( a direct l9e ( ,railway communication
 ?r\gh      ! f]tile & popul\s di/rict  
kn[n z ! ,,valley (      ,,gl5mut*k91   
has be5 long felt & univ]sally          
ackn[l$g$4      ,indep5d5t ( ! surpass+ 
gr&eur ( its m\nta9 sc5]y1      :i* %all
 imm$iately be ref]r$ to1 & o!r         
consid]ations      ( ev5 great]         
importance1 ,,gl5mut*k9 is kn[n to !    
capitali/ z ! mo/ important ,,bre$+     
,,/ation 9 !      ,highl&s ( ,scotl&1 & 
inde$ z ! great emporium f      :i* !   
s\!rn m>kets are suppli$4 ,x has be5    

calculat$      by a mo/ em95t au?ority1 
t e acre 9 ! /ra? is      capable ( re>+
 tw5ty head ( cattle2 &1 z has be5      
asc]ta9$ aft] a c>eful admeasurem5t1 t  
!re are n      less ?an ,,two ,,hundr$  
,,?\s& improvable acres imm$iately      
contigu\s to ! propos$ l9e ( ,railway1 x
 may confid5tly be      assum$ t ! numb]
 ( cattle to be convey$ along ! l9e     
w am\nt to ,,f\r ,,millions annually1   
:i*1 at ! l[e/      e/imate1 w\ld yield 
a rev5ue l>g]1 9 proportion to !        
capital subscrib$1 ?an t ( any ,railway 
z yet complet$      )9 ! ,unit$ ,k+dom4 
,f ?is e/imate ! traffic 9      ,%eep & 
,goats1 ) :i* ! m\nta9s are lit]ally    
cov]$1      has be5 c>efully exclud$1 x 
hav+ be5 f\nd q      impossible 7f its  
ext5t7 to compute ! actual rev5ue to be 
drawn f t mo/ important bran*4 ,x may1  
h[ev]1 be      r\ghly assum$ z f sev5te5
 to n9ete5 p] c5t ^u !      :ole1 aft]  
d$uction ( ! work+ exp5ses4       ,!    
population ( ,gl5mut*k9 is extremely    
d5se4 ,its situation      on ! we/ coa/ 

has af=d$ x ! means ( direct            
communication ) ,am]ica1 ( :i* = _m ye>s
 !      inhabitants h actively avail$   
!mselves4 ,inde$ ! am\nt      (         
exportation ( live /ock f ?is "p ( !    
,highl&s to      ! ,we/]n cont95t1 has m
 ?an once attract$ !      att5tion (    
,p>liam5t4 ,! ,manufactures are l>ge &  
compreh5sive1 & include ! mo/ fam\s     
di/ill]ies 9 !      _w4 ,! ,m9]als are  
mo/ abundant1 & among/ ^! may be        
reckon$ qu>tz1 porphyry1 felsp>1        
mala*ite1 manganese1 &      basalt4     
,at ! foot ( ! valley1 & close to ! sea1
 lies !      important village kn[n z ! 
,,cla*an ( ,,inv]/>ve4 ,x is            
suppos$ by v>i\s em95t antiqu>ies to h  
be5 ! capital      ( ! ,picts1 &1 among/
 ! busy inroads ( comm]cial             
prosp]ity1 x /ill reta9s "s int]e/+     
traces ( its      =m] gr&eur4 ,!re is a 
l>ge fi%+ /ation "h1 to :i*      vessels
 f e nation resort1 & ! dem& = =eign    
produce is daily & /eadily increas+4    
,z a sport+ c\ntry ,gl5mut*k9 is        

unrivall$2 b x is by      ! t\ri/s t its
 beauties w mo/ gre$ily be s\ght4       
,^! consi/ ( e comb9ation :i* pla/ic    
nature c      af=d--cliffs ( unusual    
magnitude & gr&eur--wat]falls only      
second to ! sublime cascades (          
,norway--woods1 ( :i* !      b>k is a   
rem>kably valuable commodity4 ,x ne$    
sc>cely be      add$1 to r\se !         
en?usiasm insep>able f ?is glori\s      
gl51 t "h1 9 #agde1 ,pr9ce ,*>les ,edw>d
 ,/u>t1 !n 9      ! z5i? ( 8 hopes1 0   
jo9$ by ! brave ,sir ,grug>             
,m',grug> at ! head ( 8 devot$ clan4    
,! ,railway w be twelve miles long1 & c 
be complet$      )9 six mon?s aft] !    
,act ( ,p>liam5t is obta9$4 ,!          
gradi5ts are easy1 & ! curves obtuse4   
,!re are no viaducts      ( any         
importance1 & only f\r tunnels along !  
:ole l5g?      ( ! l9e4 ,! %orte/ ( ^?  
does n exce$ a mile & a      half4      
,9 conclusion1 ! projectors ( ?is       
,railway beg to /ate t      !y h        
det]m9$1 z a pr9ciple1 to set _! face   

,,aga9/      ,,all ,,sunday ,,travell+  
,,:atsoev]1 & to oppose ,,e ,,bill :i*  
may h]eaft] be br\ght into ,p>liam5t1   
unless x %all conta9      a clause to t 
effect4 ,x is also _! int5tion to take  
up      ! cause ( ! poor & neglect$     
,,/ok]1 = ^:      accommodation1 &      
social1 moral1 religi\s1 & intellectual 
improvem5t a l>ge /ock ( evangelical    
tracts w spe$ily be      requir$4 ,t5d]s
 ( ^!1 9 quantities ( n less ?an        
#ab1jjj1 may be s5t 9 to ! int]im       
secret>y4 ,%>es mu/ be      appli$ = )9 
t5 days f ! pres5t date4      ,by ord] (
 ! ,provisional ,committee1     ,,robt4 
,m',,cork9dale1 ,secret>y4   ,!re6 said 
,bob1 slapp+ d[n ! prospectus on !      
table1 ) ! jaunt9ess ( a ,cockney       
v\*saf+ a p9t ( ,h]mitage to 8          
gue/s--,:at d y ?9k ( t8 ,if x doesn't d
 ! bus9ess effectually1 ,i %all submit  
to be call$ a ,dut*man4 ,t la/ t\* ab\t 
! /ok] w br+ u 9 ! subscriptions ( ! old
 ladies by ! score4  ,v ma/]ly1 inde$1  
said ,i4 ,b :o ! deuce is               

,mhic-,mhac-vi*-,induibh8  ,a bona-fide 
*ief1 ,i assure y1 ?\gh a little r$uc$3 
,i pick$ him up ^u ! ,broomielaw4 ,8    
gr&fa!r _h an isl& some:]e to ! we/ ( ! 
,hebrides2 b x is n laid d[n 9 ! maps4  
,& ! ,capta9 ( ,m',alcohol8  ,a crack   
di/ill]4  ,& ! ,factor = ,gl5tumbl]s8   
,8 pr9cipal cu/om]4 ,b1 bless y1 my de> 
,/ ,mirr5s6 don't tr\ble y\rself any m  
ab\t ! committee4 ,!y are z respectable 
a set--on pap] at lea/--z y w\ld wi% to 
see ( a summ]'s morn+1 & ! beauty ( x is
 t !y w give u no mann] ( tr\ble4 ,n[   
ab\t ! allocation4 ,y & ,i mu/ re/rict  
ourselves to a c\ple ( ?\s& %>es        
a-piece4 ,t's only a ?ird ( ! :ole1 b x 
wont d to be gre$y4  ,b1 ,bob1 consid]6 
,:]e on e>? are we to f9d ! money to pay
 up ! deposits8  ,c y1 ! pr9cipal       
director ( ! ,gl5mut*k9 ,railway1 ask   
me1 ! secret>y1 su* a "q8 ,don't y "k t 
any ( ! banks w give u tick to ! am\nt  
'( half ! deposits4' ,all t is settl$   
already1 & y c get y\r two ?\s& p\nds   
:5ev] y please m]ely = ! sign+ ( a bill4

 ,sawley mu/ get a ?\s& accord+ to      
/ipulation--,jobson1 ,heckles1 &        
,grabbie1 at lea/ five hundr$ a-piece1 &
 ano!r five hundr$1 ,i %\ld ?9k1 w      
exhau/ ! rema9+ means ( ! committee4 ,s 
t1 out ( our :ole /ock1 !re rema9 j five
 ?\s& %>es to be allocat$ to !          
speculative & evangelical public4 ,my   
eyes6 won't !re be a scramble = !m8     
,next day our prospectus appe>$ 9 !     
newspap]s4 ,x 0 read1 canvass$1 &       
g5]ally approv$ (4 ,dur+ ! aft]noon1 ,i 
took an opportunity ( look+ into !      
,tont9e1 & :il/ "u %elt] ( ! ,glasg[    
,h]ald1 my e>s 7 solac$ ) su*           
ejaculations z ! foll[+3--  ,i say1     
,jimsy1 hae ye se5 ?is gr& new          
prospectus = a railway tae ,gl5mut*k98  
,ay--x looks no t ill4 ,! ,hiel& lairds 
are pitt+ _! be/ fit =emo/4 ,w ye apply 
= %>es8  ,i ?9k ,i'll tak' twa hundr$4  
,:a's ,sir ,polloxf5 ,trem5s8  ,he'll be
 y9 o' ! ,ayr%ire folk4 ,he us$ to r9   
horses at ! ,paisley races4  7,! devil  
he did6 ?\ght ,i47  ,d'ye k5 ony o' !   

directors1 ,jimsy8  ,i k5 ,sawley f9e4  
,ye may dep5d on't1 x's a gude ?+ if    
he's 9't1 = he's a h[k9' body4  ,!n x's 
sure to gae up4 ,:at prem4 d'ye ?9k x w 
br+8  ,twa pund a %>e1 & maybe mair4    
',od1 ,i'll apply = ?ree hundr$6  ,heav5
 bless y1 my de> c\ntrym56 ?\ght ,i1 z  
,i salli$ =? to refre% myself ) a bas9 (
 s\p1 d b ma9ta9 ?is lib]al & patriotic 
feel+--?is ?ir/ = national improvem5t1  
int]nal communication1 & premiums--a    
%ort :ile long]1 & ,i "k ^: =tune w be  
made4  ,on ! foll[+ morn+ my            
breakfa/-table 0 cov]$ ) %oals ( lett]s1
 f fell[s :om ,i sc>cely ev] _h spok5   
to--or :o1 to use a frank] phraseology1 
_h sc>cely ev] condesc5d$ to speak to   
me--entreat+ my influ5ce z a director to
 obta9 !m %>es 9 ! new und]tak+4 ,i nev]
 bore malice 9 my life1 s ,i *alk$ !m   
d[n1 )\t fav\ritism1 = a c]ta9          
proportion4 ,:il/ engag$ 9 ?is *>itable 
"w1 ! door flew op51 & ,m',cork9dale1   
look+ utt]ly hagg>d ) excitem5t1 ru%$ 94
  ,y may buy an e/ate :5ev] y please1   

,dun%unn]1 cri$ he1 ! _w's gone p]fectly
 mad4 ,i h be5 to ,blazes ! brok]1 & he 
tells me t ! :ole am\nt ( ! /ock has be5
 subscrib$ = f\r times ov] already1 & he
 has n yet got 9 ! returns f ,ed9burgh &
 ,liv]pool6  ,are !y good names ?\gh1   
,bob--sure c>ds--none ( y\r ,m',closkies
 & ,m',alcohols8  ,! fir/ names 9 !     
city1 ,i assure y1 & mo/ ( !m hold]s =  
inve/m5t4 ,i w\ldn't take t5 millions = 
_! capital4  ,!n ! soon] we close ! li/ 
! bett]4  ,i ?9k s too4 ,i suspect a    
rival company w be out be=e long4       
,blazes says ! %>es are sell+ already   
conditionally on allotm5t1 at sev5 &    
sixp5ce premium4  ,! deuce !y are6 ,i   
say1 ,bob1 s9ce we h ! c>ds 9 our h&s1  
w\ld x n be wise to fav\r !m ) a few    
hundr$s at t rate8 ,a bird 9 ! h&1 y "k1
 is wor? two 9 ! bu%1 eh8  ,i "k no su* 
maxim 9 political economy1 repli$ !     
secret>y4 ,are y mad1 ,dun%unn]8 ,h[ are
 ! %>es ev] to g up1 if x gets w9d t !  
directors are sell+ already8 ,our       
bus9ess j n[1 is to bull ! l9e1 n to be>

 x2 & if y w tru/ me1 ,i %all %[ !m su* 
an op]ation on ! asc5d+ scale1 z ! ,/ock
 ,ex*ange has n witness$ = ?is long & _m
 a-day4 ,!n1 to-morr[1 ,i %all adv]tise 
9 ! pap]s1 t ! committee hav+ receiv$   
applications = t5 times ! am\nt ( /ock1 
h be5 compell$1 unwill+ly1 to close !   
li/s4 ,t w be a slap 9 ! face to !      
dilatory g5tlem51 & s5d up ! %>es l     
wildfire4  ,bob 0 "r4 ,no soon] did !   
adv]tisem5t appe>1 ?an a simultane\s    
groan 0 utt]$ by "s hundr$s ( disappo9t$
 speculators1 :o ) unwont$ & unnecess>y 
caution1 _h be5 anxi\s to see _! way a  
little1 be=e committ+ !mselves to our   
spl5did ent]prise4 ,9 consequ5ce1 !y    
ru%$ into ! m>ket1 ) int5se anxiety to  
make :at t]ms !y c\ld at ! e>lie/ /age1 
& ! sev5-&-sixp5ce ( premium 0 d\bl$ 9 !
 c\rse ( a =5oon4  ,! allocation pass$  
ov] v peaceably4 ,sawley1 ,heckles1     
,jobson1 ,grabbie1 & ! ,capta9 (        
,m',alcohol1 besides myself1 att5d$1 &  
took "p 9 ! bus9ess4 ,we 7 also ?reat5$ 
) ! pres5ce ( ! ,m',closkie &           

,vi*-,induibh2 b ,m',cork9dale1 ent]ta9+
 "s reasonable d\bts z to ! effect :i*  
_! corporeal appe>ance might h ^u !     
repres5tatives ( ! diss5t+ int]e/1 _h   
tak5 ! precaution to get !m snugly h\s$ 
9 a tav]n1 :]e an unb\nd$ supply (      
gratuit\s ,f]nto% depriv$ u ( ! b5efit (
 _! exp]i5ce4 ,we1 h[ev]1 allott$ !m    
tw5ty %>es a-piece4 ,sir ,polloxf5      
,trem5s s5t a h&some1 ?\gh r illegible  
lett] ( apology1 dat$ f an isl& 9       
,lo*lomond1 :]e he 0 said to be deta9$  
on p>ticul> bus9ess4  ,mr ,sawley1 :o   
(ficiat$ z our *airman1 0 k9d en\gh1    
be=e p>t+1 to pass a v flatt]+ eulogium 
^u ! excell5ce & c&\r ( all ! prelim9>y 
arrangem5ts4 ,x w\ld n[1 he said1 g =?  
to ! public t ?is l9e 0 n1 l "s o!rs he 
c\ld m5tion1 a m]e bubble1 emanat+ f !  
/ank ( private int]e/1 b a solid1 la/+  
sup]/ructure1 bas$ ^u ! pr9ciples ( s\nd
 return = capital1 & s]i\s evangelical  
tru?1 7he>1 he>47 ,! "t 0 fa/ approa*+1 
:5 ! grave/one1 ) ! words ,,hic ,,obiit1
 *isell$ ^u x1 w\ld be plac$ at ! head (

 all ! o!r l9es :i* reject$ ! gr&       
opportunity ( convey+ education to !    
/ok]4 ,! /ok]1 9 8 7,mr ,sawley's7      
op9ion1 _h a "r to ask ! all important  
"q1 ,am ,i n a man & a bro!r8 7,*e]s47  
,mu* _h be5 said & writt5 lately ab\t a 
"w call$ ,tracts = ! ,times4 ,) !       
op9ions conta9$ 9 t publication1 he 0 n 
conv]sant1 z x 0 conduct$ by p]sons (   
ano!r community f t to :i* he 7,mr      
,sawley7 _h ! privilege to belong4 ,b he
 hop$ v soon1 "u ! auspices ( !         
,gl5mut*k9 ,railway ,company1 to see a  
new p]iodical e/abli%$1 "u ! title (    
,tracts = ! ,tra9s4 ,he nev] = a mom5t  
w\ld relax 8 ef=ts to knock a nail into 
! c(f91 :i*1 he might say1 0 already    
made1 & measur$1 & clo?-cov]$ = !       
reception ( all e/abli%m5ts2 & ) ^!     
s5tim5ts & ! conviction t ! %>es mu/    
rise1 c\ld x be d\bt$ t he w\ld rema9 a 
fa/ fri5d to ! int]e/s ( ?is ,company = 
ev]8 7,mu* *e]+47  ,aft] hav+ deliv]$   
?is address1 ,mr ,sawley affectionately 
squeez$ ! h&s ( 8 bro!r directors1 &    

dep>t$1 leav+ sev]al ( u mu* ov]come4   
,z1 h[ev]1 ,m',cork9dale _h told me t e 
"o ( ,sawley's %>es _h be5 dispos$ ( 9 !
 m>ket ! day be=e1 ,i felt less         
compunction at hav+ refus$ to all[ t    
excell5t man an extra ?\s& beyond !     
am\nt he _h appli$ =1 not)/&+ ( 8       
broade/ h9ts1 & ev5 private entreaties4 
,conf\nd ! gre$y hypocrite6 said ,bob2  
does he ?9k we %all let him ,burke ! l9e
 = no?+8 ,no--no6 let him g to ! brok]s 
& buy 8 %>es back1 if he ?9ks !y are    
likely to rise4 ,i'll be b\nd he has    
made a cool five hundr$ out ( !m        
already4  ,on ! day :i* succe$$ !       
allocation1 ! foll[+ entry appe>$ 9 !   
,glasg[ %>e li/s4 ,direct ,gl5mut*k9    
,railway4 #aes4 #aes4#f;d4 #aes4#f;d4   
#afs4 #aes4#f;d4 #afs4 #afs4#f;d4       
#afs4#f;d4 #afs4 #ags #ahs4 #ahs4       
#ais4#f;d4 #bas4 #bas4 #bbs4#f;d4 #bds4 
#bes4 #f;d4 #bgs4 #bis4 #bis4#f;d4 #cjs4
 #cas4 pm4  ,!y might g high]1 & !y     
ought to g high]1 said ,bob mus+ly2 b   
!re's n mu* m /ock to come & g ^u1 & ^! 

two %>e-%>ks1 ,jobson & ,grabbie1 ,i "k1
 w be 9 ! m>ket to-morr[4 ,we mu/ n let 
!m h ! :ip-h& ( u4 ,i ?9k ^u ! :ole1    
,dun%unn]1 ?\gh x's lett+ !m g dog *eap1
 t we ought to sell half our %>es at !  
pres5t premium1 :il/ !re is a c]ta9ty ( 
gett+ x4  ,:y n sell ! :ole8 ,i'm sure  
,i h no objections to "p ) e /iv] ( !   
scrip on su* t]ms4  ,p]haps1 said ,bob1 
^u g5]al pr9ciples y may be "r2 b !n    
rememb] t we h a ve/$ int]e/ 9 ! l9e4   
,ve/$ int]e/ be hang$6  ,t's v well--at 
! same "t x is no use to kill y\r salmon
 9 a hurry4 ,! bulls h done _! "w pretty
 well = u1 & we ought to keep some?+ on 
h& = ! be>s2 !y are snuffl+ at x        
already4 ,i c\ld almo/ swe> t "s ( ^?   
fell[s :o h sold to-day are work+ = a   
"t-b>ga94  ,we accord+ly got rid ( a    
c\ple ( ?\s& %>es1 ! proce$s ( :i* n    
only enabl$ u to dis*>ge ! deposit loan1
 b left u a mat]ial surplus4 ,"u ^!     
circum/ances1 a two-h&$ banquet 0       
propos$ & unanim\sly c>ri$1 ! comm5cem5t
 ( :i* ,i di/9ctly rememb]1 b am r      

dubi\s z to ! end4 ,s _m /ories h lately
 be5 circulat$ to ! prejudice ( railway 
directors1 t ,i ?9k x my duty to /ate t 
?is ent]ta9m5t 0 scrupul\sly defray$ by 
ourselves1 & n c>ri$ to acc\nt1 ei!r ( !
 prelim9>y survey1 or ! exp5ses ( !     
provisional committee4  ,no?+ effects s 
great a metamorphosis 9 ! be>+ ( ! out] 
man1 z a sudd5 *ange ( =tune4 ,! anemone
 ( ! g>d5 diff]s sc>cely m f its        
unpret5d+ prototype ( ! woods1 ?an      
,rob]t ,m',cork9dale1 ,esq41 ,secret>y &
 ,projector ( ! ,gl5mut*k9 ,railway1    
diff]$ f ,bob ,m',cork9dale1 ! se$y     
frequ5t] ( ,! ,cr[4 ,9 ! days ( yore1 m5
 ey$ ! surt\t--napless at ! velvet      
coll>1 & pret]naturally :ite at !       
seams--:i* ,bob v\*saf$ to we>1 ) looks 
( dim suspicion1 z if "s fa9t           
rem9isc5ce1 simil> to t :i* is said to  
recall ! memory ( a =m] /ate ( exi/5ce1 
sugge/$ to !m a vision t ! g>m5t _h once
 be5 _! own4 ,inde$1 8 :ole appe>ance 0 
!n wond]fully second-h&4 ,n[ he _h ca/ 8
 sl\gh4 ,a mo/ und5iable ,taglioni1 )   

trimm+s j bord]+ ^u frogs1 gave dignity 
to 8 demean\r & tw(old amplitude to 8   
*e/4 ,! horn eyeglass 0 ex*ang$ = "o (  
pure/ gold1 ! d+y high-l[s = well-wax$  
,well+tons1 ! ,paisley fogle = ! fabric 
( ! ,*9a loom4 ,moreov]1 he walk$ ) a   
swagg]1 & affect$ 9 common conv]sation a
 peculi> dialect :i* he op9$ to be !    
pure/ ,engli%1 b :i* no "o--except a    
bagman--c\ld be reasonably expect$ to   
und]/&4 ,8 pockets 7 inv>iably cramm$ ) 
%>e li/s2 & he quot$1 if he did n       
compreh5d1 ! money article f ! ,times4  
,?is sort ( assumption1 ?\gh v ludicr\s 
9 itself1 goes d[n wond]fully4 ,bob     
gradually became a sort ( au?ority1 & 8 
op9ions got quot$ on ',*ange4 ,he 0 no  
ass1 not)/&+ 8 peculi>ities1 & made good
 use ( 8 opportunity4  ,= myself1 ,i    
bore my new dignities ) an air ( mode/  
meekness4 ,a c]ta9 degree ( />*ness is  
indisp5sable = a railway director1 if he
 means to g =w>d 9 8 high call+ &       
prosp]2 he mu/ ab&on all juv5ile        
ecc5tricities1 & aim at ! appe>ance ( a 

decid$ enemy to free trade 9 ! article (
 ,wild ,oats4 ,accord+ly1 z ! fir/ /ep  
t[>ds respectability1 ,i es*ew$ col\r$  
wai/coats1 & gave out t ,i 0 a m>ry+    
man4 ,no man "u =ty1 unless he is a     
positive idiot1 w /& =? z a !oretical   
ba*elor4 ,x is all nons5se to say t !re 
is any ?+ unpleasant 9 be+ c\rt$4       
,att5tion1 :e!r f male or female1       
tickles ! vanity1 & al?\gh ,i h a       
reasonable1 &1 ,i hope1 n un:olesome    
reg>d1 = ! gratification ( my o!r       
appetites1 ,i confess t ?is same vanity 
is by f> ! mo/ poignant ( ! :ole4 ,i    
!re=e surr5d]$ myself freely to ! s(t   
allurem5ts ?r[n 9 my way by su* matronly
 d5iz5s ( ,glasg[ z 7 possess$ ( /ock 9 
! %ape ( m>riageable daught]s2 & walk$ !
 m readily into _! toils1 because e     
p>ty1 ?\gh nom9ally = ! purposes ( tea1 
w\nd up ) a hot supp]1 & some?+ hott]   
/ill by way ( assi/+ ! dige/ion4  ,i    
don't "k :e!r x 0 my det]m9$ conduct at 
! allocation1 my t]ritorial title1 or a 
mo/ exagg]at$ idea ( my circum/ances1 t 

work$ ^u ! m9d ( ,mr ,sawley4 ,possibly 
x 0 a comb9ation ( ! ?ree2 b sure en\gh 
few days _h elaps$ be=e ,i receiv$ a    
=mal c>d ( invitation to a tea & s]i\s  
conv]sation4 ,n[ s]i\s conv]sation is a 
sort ( ?+ t ,i nev] %one 91 possibly    
because my e>ly /udies 7 fram$ 9 a      
diff]5t direction2 b z ,i really 0      
unwill+ to (f5d ! respectable c(f9-mak]1
 & z ,i f\nd t ! ,capta9 (              
,m',alcohol--a decid$ trump 9 8 way--_h 
also receiv$ a summons1 ,i notifi$ my   
acceptance4  ,m',alcohol & ,i w5t       
toge!r4 ,! ,capta91 an enorm\s brawny   
,celt1 ) sup]human :isk]s1 & a %ock ( ! 
fi]ie/ hair1 _h figg$ himself out1 m    
majorum1 9 ! full ,highl& co/ume4 ,i    
nev] saw ,rob ,roy on ! /age look half s
 dignifi$ or f]oci\s4 ,he glitt]$ f head
 to foot1 ) dirk1 pi/ol1 & skean-dhu1 & 
at lea/ a hundr$-weight ( cairngorums   
ca/ a prismatic glory ar\nd 8 p]son4 ,i 
felt q aba%$ beside him4  ,we 7 u%]$    
into ,mr ,sawley's draw+-room4 ,r\nd !  
walls1 & at consid]able di/ances f ea*  

o!r1 7 seat$ ab\t a doz5 *>act]s male & 
female1 all ( !m dress$ 9 sable1 & we>+ 
c\nt5ances ( woe4 ,sawley advanc$1 &    
wrung me by ! h& ) s pite\s an          
expression ( visage1 t ,i c\ld n help   
?9k+ "s awful cata/rophe _h j befall5 8 
family4  ,y are welcome1 ,mr ,dun%unn]1 
welcome to my humble tab]nacle4 ,let me 
pres5t y to ,mrs ,sawley--& a lady1 :o  
seem$ to h ba!d 9 ! ,yell[ ,sea1 rose f 
h] seat1 & fav\r$ me ) a pr(\nd curtsy4 
,my daught]--,miss ,sel9a ,sawley4  ,i  
felt 9 my bra9 ! scor*+ glance ( ! two  
d>ke/ eyes x ev] 0 my =tune to behold1 z
 ! beaute\s ,sel9a look$ up f ! p]usal (
 h] h&k]*ief hem4 ,x 0 a pity t ! o!r   
features 7 n correspond+2 = ! nose 0    
flat1 & ! m\? ( su* dim5sions1 t a      
,h>lequ9 might h jump$ d[n x )          
impunity--b ! eyes 7 spl5did4  ,9       
ob$i5ce to a sign f ! ho/ess1 ,i sank   
into a *air beside ,sel9a2 & n kn[+     
exactly :at to say1 haz>d$ "s obs]vation
 ab\t ! wea!r4  ,yes1 x is inde$ a      
sugge/ive season4 ,h[ deeply1 ,mr       

,dun%unn]1 we ought to feel ! p5sive    
progress ( autumn t[>ds a s(t &         
premature decay6 ,i always ?9k1 ab\t ?is
 "t ( ! ye>1 t nature is fall+ into a   
consumption6  ,to be sure1 ma'am1 said  
,i1 r tak5 aback by ?is /yle ( colloquy 
! trees are look+ devili%ly hectic4     
,ah1 y h rem>k$ t too6 ,/range6 x 0 b   
ye/]day t ,i 0 w&]+ ?r\gh ,kelv9 ,grove1
 & z ! phantom breeze br\ght d[n ! )]$  
foliage f ! spray1 ,i ?\ght1 h[ probable
 x 01 t !y might erelong ru/le ov] "y & 
gl[+ he>ts deposit$ prematurely 9 !     
tomb6  ,?is1 :i* /ruck me z a v passable
 imitation ( ,dick5s's pa!tic writ+s1 0 
a pos]4 ,9 default ( language1 ,i look$ 
,miss ,sawley /raight 9 ! face1 &       
attempt$ a sub/itute = a sigh4 ,i 0     
rew>d$ ) a t5d] glance4  ,ah6 said %e1  
,i see y are a cong5ial _s4 ,h[         
delightful1 & yet h[ r>e x is to meet ) 
any "o :o ?9ks 9 unison ) y\rself6 ,d y 
ev] walk 9 ! ,necropolis1 ,mr ,dun%unn]8
 ,x is my fav\rite haunt ( a morn+4 ,!re
 we c wean ourselves1 z x 71 f life1 &1 

b5ea? ! melan*oly yew & cypress1        
anticipate ! sett+ />4 ,h[ (t5 !re h ,i 
se5 ! procession--! fun]al ( "s v1 v    
little *ild----  ,sel9a1 my love1 said  
,mrs ,sawley1 h ! k9dness to r+ = !     
cookies4  ,i1 z 9 duty b\nd1 />t$ up to 
save ! fair en?usia/ ! tr\ble1 & 0 n    
sorry to obs]ve my seat imm$iately      
occupi$ by a v cadav]\s g5tleman1 :o 0  
evid5tly jeal\s ( ! progress ,i 0       
rapidly mak+4 ,sawley1 ) an air ( great 
my/]y1 in=m$ me t ?is 0 a ,mr ,dalglei% 
( ,raxma?rapple1 ! repres5tative ( an   
anci5t ,scotti% family :o claim$ an     
important h]itable (fice4 ,! "n1 ,i     
?\ght1 0 famili> to me1 b !re 0 some?+ 9
 ! appe>ance ( ,mr ,dalglei% :i*1       
not)/&+ ! smiles ( ,miss ,sel9a1 r5d]$ a
 rival%ip 9 t qu>t] utt]ly out ( ! "q4  
,i hate inju/ice1 s let me d due hon\r 9
 description to ! ,sawley banquet4 ,!   
tea-urn mo/ lit]ally correspond$ to its 
"n4 ,! table 0 deck$ out ) div]s        
platt]s1 conta9+ se$-cakes cut into     
rhomboids1 almond biscuits1 & ratafia   

drops2 b someh[ or o!r !y all look$     
clammy & damp1 &1 = ! life ( me1 ,i c\ld
 n dive/ myself ( ! idea t ! selfsame   
vi&s _h figur$1 n long be=e1 z fun]al   
refre%m5ts at a dirgie4 ,no su*         
suspicion seem$ to cross ! m9d (        
,m',alcohol1 :o hi!rto _h rema9$        
uneasily survey+ 8 nails 9 a corn]1 b at
 ! fir/ symptom ( food />t$ =w>ds1 & 0 9
 ! act ( mak+ a clean sweep ( ! *9a1 :5 
,sawley propos$ ! s+ul> prelim9>y ( a   
hymn4  ,! hymn 0 accord+ly sung4 ,i am  
?ankful to say x 0 su* a "o z ,i nev]   
he>d be=e1 or expect to he> aga92 &     
unless x 0 compos$ by ! ,rev]5d ,saund]s
 ,p$5 9 an h\r ( p>oxysm on ! moors1 ,i 
_c conjecture ! au?or4 ,aft] ?is orig9al
 symphony1 tea 0 discuss$1 & aft] tea1  
to my amazem5t1 m hot br&y & wat] ?an ,i
 ev] rememb] to h se5 circulat$ at ! mo/
 convivial p>ty4 ,( c\rse ?is effect$ a 
radical *ange 9 ! spirits & conv]sation 
( ! circle4 ,x 0 aga9 my lot to be plac$
 by ! side ( ! fasc9at+ ,sel9a1 ^:      
s5tim5tality gradually ?aw$ away b5ea? !

 influ5ce ( sundry sips1 :i* %e accept$ 
) a delicate reluctance4 ,?is "t        
,dalglei% ( ,raxma?rapple _h n ! remote/
 *ance4 ,m',alcohol got furi\s1 sang    
,gaelic songs1 & ev5 deliv]$ a s]mon 9  
g5u9e ,erse1 )\t incurr+ a rebuke2 :il/1
 = my own "p1 ,i mu/ ne$s confess t ,i  
wax$ unnecess>ily amor\s1 & ! la/ ?+ ,i 
recollect 0 ! pressure ( ,mr ,sawley's  
h& at ! door1 z he d5om9at$ me 8 de>    
boy1 & hop$ ,i w\ld soon come back &    
visit ,mrs ,sawley & ,sel9a4 ,!         
recollection ( ^! passages next morn+ 0 
! sure/ antidote to my return4  ,?ree   
weeks _h elaps$1 & /ill ! ,gl5mut*k9    
,railway %>es 7 at a premium1 ?\gh r l[]
 ?an :5 we sold4 ,our eng9e]1 ,watty    
,sold]1 return$ f 8 fir/ survey ( ! l9e1
 along ) an assi/ant :o really appe>$ to
 h "s remote glimm]+s ( ! sci5ce &      
practice ( m5suration4 ,x seem$1 f a    
v]bal report1 t ! l9e 0 actually        
practicable2 & ! survey w\ld h be5      
complet$ 9 a v %ort "t--,if1 accord+ to 
! acc\nt ( ,sold]1 !re _h be5 ae hoos 9 

! gl54 ,b ev] s9' ! di/ill]y /oppit--& t
 0 twa ye> la/ ,m>t9mas--!re wasna a    
hole :aur a ,*ri/ian c\ld lay 8 head1   
muckle less get :ite sug> to 8 toddy1   
=bye ! *ange-h\se at ! cla*an2 & ! auld 
luckie t keepit x 0 sair =fo*t5 wi' !   
palsy1 & mai/ 9 ! dead-?raws4 ,!re 0    
naebody else liv+ )9 twal miles o' !    
l9e1 b>r+ a tacksman1 a lamit]1 & a     
bauldie4  ,we _h "s difficulty 9 prev5t+
 ,mr ,sold] f mak+ ?is report op5 &     
pat5t to ! public1 :i* premature        
disclosure might h int]f]$ mat]ially ) !
 prep>ation ( our traffic tables1 n to  
m5tion ! m>ketable value ( ! %>es4 ,we  
!re=e kept him /eadily at "w out (      
,glasg[1 ^u a v lib]al all[ance1 to :i*1
 app>5tly1 he did n object4  ,dun%unn]1 
said ,m',cork9dale to me "o day1 ,i     
suspect t !re is some?+ go+ on ab\t our 
railway m ?an we are aw>e (4 ,h y obs]v$
 t ! %>es are pret]naturally high j n[8 
,s mu* ! bett]4 ,let's sell4  ,i did s  
?is morn+--bo? y\rs & m9e1 at two p\nds 
t5 %ill+s premium4  ,! deuce y did6 ,!n 

we're out ( ! :ole conc]n4  ,n q4 ,if my
 suspicions are correct1 !re's a good   
deal m money yet to be got f !          
speculation4 ,somebody has be5 bull+ !  
/ock )\t ord]s2 &1 z !y c h no in=mation
 :i* we are n p]fectly up to1 dep5d ^u  
x1 x is done = a purpose4 ,i suspect    
,sawley & 8 fri5ds4 ,!y h nev] be5 q    
happy s9ce ! allocation2 & ,i caught him
 ye/]day pump+ our brok] 9 ! back %op4  
,we'll see 9 a day or two4 ,if !y are   
beg9n+ a be>+ op]ation1 ,i "k h[ to cat*
 !m4  ,&1 9 effect1 ! be>+ op]ation     
comm5c$4 ,next day1 heavy sales 7       
effect$ = deliv]y 9 ?ree weeks2 & !     
/ock1 z if wat]-logg$1 began to s9k4 ,! 
same ?+ cont9u$ = ! foll[+ two days1    
until ! premium became ne>ly nom9al4 ,9 
! mean "t1 ,bob & ,i1 9 conjunction )   
two lead+ capitali/s :om we let into !  
secret1 b\ght up /eadily e %>e t 0 (f]$2
 & at ! end ( a =tnight we f\nd t we _h 
pur*as$ r m ?an d\ble ! am\nt ( ! :ole  
orig9al /ock4 ,sawley & 8 disciples1 :o1
 z ,m',cork9dale suspect$1 7 at ! bottom

 ( ! :ole transaction1 hav+ be>$ to _!  
he>t's cont5t1 n[ came into ! m>ket to  
pur*ase1 9 ord] to r$eem _! engagem5ts4 
,! foll[+ extract f ! weekly %>e-li/s w 
%[ ! result ( _! endeav\rs to rega9 _!  
lo/ position3--                         
,sat4    ,mon4   ,tues4    ,w$4   ,?urs4
 ,gl5mut*k9 ,rail1 ,l4#a paid14  #a     
#b_/h  #b #a_/d  #d #c_/h  #g #a_/b  #aj
 #c_/d                                  
,frid4   ,sat4                          
#ae #c_/h   #ag1  & ,monday 0 ! day (   
deliv]y4  ,i h no means ( kn[+ 9 :at    
frame ( m9d ,mr ,sawley sp5t ! ,sunday1 
or :e!r he _h rec\rse = m5tal           
consolation to ,p$52 b on ,monday morn+ 
he pres5t$ himself at my door 9 full    
fun]al co/ume1 ) ab\t a qu>t] ( a mile (
 crape swa!d r\nd 8 hat1 black gloves1 &
 a c\nt5ance inf9itely m doleful ?an if 
he _h be5 att5d+ ! int]m5t ( 8 belov$   
wife4  ,walk 91 ,mr ,sawley1 said ,i    
*e]fully4 ,:at a long "t x is s9ce ,i h 
_h ! pleasure ( see+ y--too long inde$ =
 bro!r directors4 ,h[ are ,mrs ,sawley &

 ,miss ,sel9a--won't y take a cup (     
c(fee8  ,grass1 sir1 grass6 said ,mr    
,sawley1 ) a sigh l ! groan ( a         
furnace-bell[s4 ,we are all fl[]s ( !   
ov5--weak1 err+ creatures1 e "o ( u4    
,ah6 ,mr ,dun%unn]6 y h be5 a great     
/rang] at ,lykewake ,t]race6  ,take a   
muff91 ,mr ,sawley4 ,any ?+ new 9 !     
railway _w8  ,ah1 my de> sir--my good   
,mr ,augu/us ,reg9ald--,i want$ to h "s 
s]i\s conv]sation ) y on t v po9t4 ,i am
 afraid !re is some?+ f> wrong inde$ 9 !
 pres5t /ate ( our /ock4  ,:y1 to be    
sure x is high2 b t1 y "k1 is a tok5 ( !
 public confid5ce 9 ! l9e4 ,aft] all1 ! 
rise is no?+ comp>$ to t ( sev]al       
,engli% railways2 & individually1 ,i    
suppose1 nei!r ( u h any reason to      
compla94  ,i don't l x1 said ,sawley1   
wat*+ me ov] ! m>g9 ( 8 c(fee-cup4 ,i   
don't l x4 ,x sav\rs too mu* ( gambl+ = 
a man ( my habits4 ,sel9a1 :o is a      
s5sible girl1 has s]i\s qualms on !     
subject4  ,!n1 :y n get out ( x8 ,i h no
 objection to run ! risk1 &1 if y l to  

transact ) me ,i w pay y ready money = e
 %>e y h at ! pres5t m>ket price4       
,sawley wri!d uneasily 9 8 *air4  ,w y  
sell me five hundr$1 ,mr ,sawley8 ,say !
 ^w & x is a b>ga94  ,a "t b>ga98 quav]$
 ! c(f9-mak]4  ,no4 ,money d[n1 & scrip 
h&$ ov]4  ,i--,i c't4 ,! fact is1 my de>
 "y fri5d1 ,i h sold all my /ock        
already6  ,!n p]mit me to ask1 ,mr      
,sawley1 :at possible objection y c h to
 ! pres5t aspect ( affairs8 ,y d n      
surely suppose t we are go+ to issue new
 %>es & br+ d[n ! m>ket1 simply because 
y h realiz$ at a h&some premium8  ,a    
h&some premium6 ,o ,"l6 moan$ ,sawley4  
,:y1 :at did y get = !m8  ,f\r1 ?ree1 & 
two & a half4  ,a v consid]able pr(it   
inde$1 said ,i2 & y ought to be         
abundantly ?ankful4 ,we %all talk ?is   
matt] ov] at ano!r "t1 ,mr ,sawley1 b j 
n[ ,i mu/ beg y to excuse me4 ,i h a    
p>ticul> engagem5t ?is morn+ ) my       
brok]--r a heavy transaction to         
settle--& s----  ,x's no use beat+ ab\t 
! bu% any long]1 said ,mr ,sawley 9 an  

excit$ tone1 at ! same "t da%+ d[n 8    
crape-cov]$ ca/or on ! floor4 ,did y ev]
 see a ru9$ man ) a l>ge family8 ,look  
at me1 ,mr ,dun%unn]--,i'm "o1 & y've   
done x6  ,mr ,sawley6 are y 9 y\r s5ses8
  ,t dep5ds on circum/ances4 ,hav5't y  
be5 buy+ /ock lately8  ,i am glad to say
 ,i h--two ?\s& ,gl5mut*k9s1 ,i ?9k1 &  
?is is ! day ( deliv]y4  ,well1 !n--c't 
y see h[ ! matt] /&s8 ,x 0 ,i :o sold   
!m6  ,well6  ,"m ( ,moses1 sir6 don't y 
see ,i'm ru9$8  ,by no means--b y mu/ n 
swe>4 ,i pay ov] ! money = y\r scrip1 & 
y pocket a premium4 ,x seems to me a v  
simple transaction4  ,b ,i tell y ,i    
hav5't got ! scrip6 cri$ ,sawley1 gna%+ 
8 tee?1 :il/ ! cold beads ( p]spiration 
ga!r$ l>gely on 8 br[4  ,t is v         
un=tunate6 ,h y lo/ x8  ,no6--! devil   
tempt$ me1 & ,i ov]sold6  ,!re 0 a v    
long pause1 dur+ :i* ,i assum$ an aspect
 ( s]i\s & dignifi$ rebuke4  ,is x      
possible8 said ,i 9 a l[ tone1 aft] !   
mann] ( ,kean's (f5d$ fa!rs4 ,:at6 y1   
,mr ,sawley--! /ok]'s fri5d--! enemy (  

gambl+--! fa!r ( ,sel9a--condesc5d to s 
equivocal a transaction8 ,y amaze me6 ,b
 ,i nev] 0 ! man to press heavily on a  
fri5d--"h ,sawley bright5$ up--y\r      
secret is safe ) me1 & x %all be y\r own
 fault if x rea*es ! e>s ( ! ,session4  
,pay me ov] ! diff]5ce at ! pres5t m>ket
 price1 & ,i release y ( y\r obligation4
  ,!n ,i'm 9 ! ,gazette1 t's all1 said  
,sawley dogg$ly1 & a wife & n9e         
beautiful babes ^u ! p>i%6 ,i _h hop$   
o!r ?+s f y1 ,mr ,dun%unn]--,i ?\ght y &
 ,sel9a----  ,nons5se1 man6 ,nobody goes
 into ! ,gazette j n[--x w be "t en\gh  
:5 ! g5]al cra% comes4 ,out ) y\r       
*ecque-book1 & write me an ord] =       
f\r-&-tw5ty ?\s&4 ,conf\nd fractions6 9 
^! days "o c af=d to be lib]al4  ,i     
hav5't got x1 said ,sawley4 ,y h no idea
 h[ bad our trade has be5 ( late1 =     
nobody seems to ?9k ( dy+4 ,i h n sold a
 gross ( c(f9s ?is =tnight4 ,b ,i'll    
tell :at--,i'll give y five ?\s& d[n 9  
ca%1 & t5 ?\s& 9 %>es--fur!r ,i c't g4  
,n[1 ,mr ,sawley'1 said ,i1 ,i may be   

blam$ by worldly-m9d$ p]sons = :at ,i am
 go+ to d2 b ,i am a man ( pr9ciple1 &  
feel deeply = ! situation ( y\r amiable 
wife & family4 ,i be> no malice1 ?\gh x 
is q cle> t y int5d$ to make me !       
suff]]4 ,pay me fifte5 ?\s& ov] ! c\nt]1
 & we cry quits = ev]4  ,won't y take   
,camla*ie ,cemet]y %>es8 ,!y are sure to
 g up4  ,no4  ,twelve hundr$ ,c[cadd5s' 
,wat]1 ) an issue ( new /ock next week8 
,n if !y dissem9at$ ! ,ganges4  ,a ?\s& 
,ram%orn ,gas--f\r p] c5t gu>ante$ until
 ! act8  ,n if !y promis$ tw5ty1 & melt$
 d[n ! sun 9 _! retort6  ,blawwe>y      
,iron8 ,be/ spec4 go+4  ,no1 ,i tell y  
once = all4 ,if y don't l my (f]--& x is
 an uncommonly lib]al "o--say s1 & ,i'll
 expose y ?is aft]noon ^u ',*ange4      
,well1 !n--!re's a *ecque4 ,b may !---- 
,/op1 sir6 ,any su* pr(ane expressions1 
& ,i %all insi/ ^u ! orig9al b>ga94 ,s1 
!n--n[ we're quits4 ,i wi% y a v        
good-morn+1 ,mr ,sawley1 & bett] luck   
next "t4 ,pray rememb] me to y\r amiable
 family4  ,! door _h h>dly clos$ ^u !   

discomfit$ c(f9-mak]1 & ,i 0 /ill 9 !   
prelim9>y /eps ( an extempore pas seul1 
int5d$ z ! outw>d demon/ration ( exce$+ 
inw>d joy1 :5 ,bob ,m',cork9dale ent]$4 
,i told him ! result ( ! morn+'s        
conf]5ce4  ,y h let him (f too easily1  
said ! ,political ,economi/4 ,_h ,i be5 
8 cr$itor1 ,i c]ta9ly %\ld h sack$ !    
%>es into ! b>ga94 ,!re is no?+ l rigid 
deal+ betwe5 man & man4  ,i am cont5t$ )
 mod]ate pr(its1 said ,i2 besides1 !    
image ( ,sel9a ov]came me4 ,h[ goes x ) 
,jobson & ,grabbie8  ,jobson has paid1 &
 ,grabbie comp\nd$4 ,heckles--may he die
 an evil dea?6--has repudiat$1 become a 
lame duck1 & waddl$2 b no d\bt 8 e/ate w
 pay a divid5d4  ,s1 !n1 we are cle> ( !
 :ole ,gl5mut*k9 bus9ess1 & at a h&some 
pr(it4  ,a fair int]e/ = ! outlay (     
capital--no?+ m4 ,b ,i'm n q done ) !   
conc]n yet4  ,h[ s8 n ano!r be>+        
op]ation8  ,no2 t cock w\ld h>dly fight4
 ,b y =get t ,i am secret>y to !        
company1 & h a small acc\nt aga9/ !m =  
s]vices already r5d]$4 ,i mu/ d :at ,i c

 to c>ry ! bill ?r\gh ,p>liam5t2 &1 z y 
h n[ sold y\r :ole %>es1 ,i advise y to 
resign f ! direction1 g d[n /raight to  
,gl5mut*k91 & qualify y\rself = a       
witness4 ,we %all give y five gu9eas    
a-day1 & pay all y\r exp5ses4  ,n a bad 
notion4 ,b :at has become ( ,m',closkie1
 & ! o!r fell[ ) ! jaw-break+ "n8       
,vi*-,induibh8 ,i h look$ aft] _!       
int]e/s1 z 9 duty b\nd1 sold _! %>es at 
a l>ge premium1 & dispat*$ !m to _!     
native hills on annuities4  ,& ,sir     
,polloxf58  ,di$ ye/]day ( spontane\s   
combu/ion4  ,z ! company seem$ break+   
up1 ,i ?\ght ,i c\ld n d bett] ?an take 
,m',cork9dale's h9t1 & accord+ly betook 
myself to ,gl5mut*k91 along ) ! ,capta9 
( ,m',alcohol1 & we qu>t]$ ourselves ^u 
! ,factor = ,gl5tumbl]s4 ,we f\nd ,watty
 ,sold] v %akey1 & 8 assi/ant also laps+
 into habits ( pa9ful inebriety4 ,we saw
 little ( !m except ( an ev5+1 = we %ot 
& fi%$ ! :ole day1 & made ourselves     
rem>kably com=table4 ,by s+ul>          
good-luck1 ! plans & sections 7 lodg$ 9 

"t1 & ! ,bo>d ( ,trade v h&somely       
report$ 9 our fav\r1 ) a recomm5dation (
 :at !y 7 pleas$ to call ! ,gl5mut*k9   
sy/em1 & a hope t x might g5]ally be    
c>ri$ out4 ,:at ?is sy/em 01 ,i nev]    
cle>ly und]/ood2 b1 ( c\rse1 none ( u _h
 any objections4 ,?is circum/ance gave  
an additional impetus to ! %>es1 & !y   
once m w5t up4 ,i 01 h[ev]1 too cauti\s 
to plunge a second "t into ,*>ybdis1 b  
,m',cork9dale did1 & aga9 em]g$ )       
plund]4  ,:5 ! "t came = ! p>liam5t>y   
conte/1 we all emigrat$ to ,london4 ,i  
/ill recollect1 ) lively satisfaction1 !
 _m pleasant days we sp5t 9 ! metropolis
 at ! company's exp5se4 ,!re 7 j a neat 
fifty ( u1 & we occupi$ ! :ole ( an     
hotel4 ,! discussion be=e ! committee 0 
long & =midable4 ,we 7 oppos$ by f\r o!r
 companies :o patronis$ l9es1 ( :i* !   
ne>e/ 0 at lea/ a hundr$ miles di/ant f 
,gl5mut*k92 b z !y f\nd$ _! opposition  
^u diss5t f ! ,gl5mut*k9 sy/em g5]ally1 
! committee all[$ !m to be he>d4 ,we    
f\ght = ?ree weeks a mo/ desp]ate       

battle1 & might 9 ! end h be5 victori\s1
 _h n our la/ antagoni/1 at ! v close ( 
8 case1 po9t$ out no less ?an           
sev5ty-?ree fatal errors 9 ! p>liam5t>y 
plan deposit$ by ! un=tunate ,sold]4 ,:y
 ?is 0 n done e>li]1 ,i nev] exactly    
und]/ood2 x may be1 t our oppon5ts1 )   
g5tlemanly consid]ation1 7 unwill+ to   
curtail our soj\rn 9 ,london--& _! own4 
,! drama 0 n[ f9ally clos$1 & aft] all  
prelim9>y exp5ses 7 paid1 sixp5ce p] %>e
 0 return$ to ! hold]s ^u surr5d] ( _!  
scrip4  ,su* is an accurate hi/ory ( !  
,orig91 ,rise1 ,progress1 & ,fall ( !   
,direct ,gl5mut*k9 ,railway4 ,x conta9s 
a deep moral1 if any body has s5se en\gh
 to see x2 if n1 ,i h a new project 9 my
 eye = next session1 ( :i* timely notice
 %all be giv54     ,,! ,,sci5ce ,,(     
,,languages4#h   ,! pa/ hi/ory ( ,mr    
,morgan ,kavanagh is probably z little  
kn[n to our read]s z x is to ourselves4 
,b 8 future de/9y is n equally obscure4 
,we h x1 on 8 own au?ority1 t he has    
made a discov]y ( unp>allel$ m]it &     

magnitude1 z simple z x is surpris+1 &  
calculat$1 9 an equal degree1 to b5efit 
mank9d1 & immortalize its au?or4 ,he has
 discov]$ ! sci5ce ( languages--a sci5ce
 9 :i* ! wise/ hi!rto h be5 smatt]]s1 b 
9 :i* ! mo/ %all[ may h5ce=w>d be       
pr(\nd4 ,9 ! prophetic _s ( consci\s    
g5ius1 ,horace1 ,ovid1 & o!r great m51 h
 boa/$ ( ! p]petuity ( fame a*iev$ by _!
 ef=ts2 & ,kavanagh1 app>5tly "u a      
simil> inspiration1 indulges ! pleas+   
anticipation1 t he has complet$ a       
monum5t m la/+ ?an brass--( :i* mat]ial1
 x may be obs]v$1 he does n appe> to h a
 defici5t supply4 ,he confesses1 t on s 
trite a subject1 ! presumption is aga9/ 
him ( s great an a*ievem5t2 b he /icks  
to 8 po9t1 & is sure t he has atta9$ an 
undy+ "n by 8 ine/imable disclosures3-- 
,a discov]y equall+ 9 magnitude ! "o to 
:i* ,i lay claim1      mu/ appe> to all1
 be=e exam9+ its accompany+ pro(s1      
j ab\t z probable z ! discov]y1 9 !     
neighb\rhood (      ! ,briti% ,*annel1 (
 "s ri* & ext5sive isl& t _h      escap$

 till n[ ! m>9]'s notice4 ,!n am ,i ei!r
      egregi\sly 9 error1 or1 ?r\gh my  
humble means1 "o ( !      greate/ & mo/ 
important discov]ies on record has be5  
made4  ,! alt]native "h all[$ u is      
irresi/ible--ei!r our au?or is          
egregi\sly 9 error1 or he has made a    
great discov]y4 ,:o c d\bt x8 ,we feel  
at once driv5 to ! wall by ! horns ( s  
dext]\s a dilemma2 & unable z we are1 9 
! k9dness ( our he>ts1 to adopt ! m     
uncivil supposition1 we succumb1 )\t a  
/ruggle1 to ! only *oice left u1 &      
conc$e to su* a disputant all t he c    
dem&4  ,mr ,kavanagh is det]m9$ t !     
importance ( 8 discov]y %all lose no?+ f
 8 reluctance to put x 9 ! /ronge/      
light3--       ,if1 f hav+ tak5 a view (
 ! human m9d diff]5t f      any o!r     
hi!rto tak51 & f hav+ f\nd$ a rational  
pr9ciple1 9 con=mity ) ?is view1 ,i c   
(f] su* a      def9ition ( words z may  
be> ! /ricte/ inve/igation1 &      :i*  
all may und]/&2 & if a *ild1 by adh]+ to
 ?is      pr9ciple1 may be able to      

acc\nt = words ) all _!      *anges &   
v>iations1 & %[ !m su* z !y mu/ h       
be51 n only ages be=e ! ,bible & !      
,iliad _h be5      writt51 b ev5 z !y 7 
at _! v bir?2 !n x w1      ,i d>e hope1 
be admitt$1 t ,i %all n only h surm\nt$ 
innum]able difficulties1 b h discov]$ ! 
real sci5ce (      languages4 ,yet all  
?is1 & a great deal m1 may be done by   
! application ( ! pr9ciple by :i* ,i am 
guid$4   ,aga9 he says3--       ,i am   
sorry t ! resolution ,i h =m$1 ( frankly
 speak+      my m9d ?r\gh\t ?is "w1     
obliges me to express myself z ,i      d
 "h & else:]e ) su* an app>5t want (    
mode/y2 b      7 ,i to adopt1 ) reg>d to
 ?is discov]y1 & ! k      we h hi!rto _h
 ( ! sci5ce ( gramm>1 :at is            
und]/ood by a m becom+ & humble tone1 ,i
 %\ld1 by do+      s1 lose 9 tru? :at ,i
 might ga9 by affect$ mode/y1 s9ce ,i   
%\ld n only be speak+ falsely1 b be     
lead+ ! read]      into error by        
conceal+ f him my real op9ion1 :i* ,i   
%\ld      by no means d4 ,& if :ile x be

 all[$1 z ,i am sure x mu/1      t ?\gh 
,i d well to speak z ,i ?9k1 x be obs]v$
 t      ?is is n a reason :y ,i %\ld ?9k
 z ,i d--t is1 s      presumptu\sly--,i 
beg to reply1 t if ,i _h nev] ?\ght s1  
?is discov]y _h nev] be5 attempt$1 & mu*
 less made2 =      not)/&+ :at ! _w may 
say ab\t ! mode/y (      c]ta9 great m51
 ,i d 9 my he>t believe t su* mode/y has
      be5 ev] affect$1 & t x is :olly   
impossible t any      ?+ great may be   
und]tak5 or a*iev$1 b :]e !re is at     
bottom great presumption1 :i* is1 aft]  
all1 no?+ m ?an      a consci\sness (   
"o's own /r5g?4   ,?is is all "r1 & no  
apology 0 necess>y4 ,:y %\ld a man be   
mode/1 :o1 9 ! six ?\s&? ye> ( !        
creation1 has f\nd out1 = ! fir/ "t1 !  
sci5ce ( languages8 ,?\gh entirely      
devoid ( orig9ality ourselves1 we c     
sympa?ize ) ! pr\d exultation ( ^? :o h 
produc$ a new & glori\s bir?4 ,f !      
cackl+ ( ! h5 :5 %e has laid an egg1 to 
! ,greek3 heur*a ( ,ar*im$es :5 he      
discov]$ hydro/atics1 we see ! in/9ctive

 impulse "u :i* ^? :o h br\ght to light 
a great result1 are con/ra9$ to proclaim
 x al\d2 & we %\ld be ?ankful :5 !      
mighty inv5tor c refra9 f ru%+ out1 9   
native nudity1 into ! public way4  ,!   
discov]] ( ! sci5ce ( languages1 h[ev]1 
does n come =? ^u u1 l ,ar*im$es1 9 a   
/ate ( di%abille4 ,attir$ 9 ! same      
fa%ionable g>b1 rejoic+ 9 ! same pap] & 
type1 & issu+ f ! %elves ( ! same       
respectable publi%]s1 ,mr ,kavanagh's   
two goodly octavos may fitly range1 z f>
 z ext]ior is conc]n$1 ) ! collect$     
productions ( ,jeffrey & ,macaulay1 :o w
 no d\bt feel hon\r$ by su* good        
company4 ,! fly-leaf at ! beg9n+ ( ! "w 
w>ns all pirates & poa*]s t x is private
 prop]ty1 protect$ by ! late ,copyright 
,act2 & a foot-note seems to in=m u t a 
,fr5* edition is simultane\sly to appe> 
9 ,p>is4 ,:o c\ld d\bt t su* mighty     
notes ( prep>ation 7 to u%] 9 "s magnum 
opus1 wor?y ( ! expectations ?us excit$8
  ,mr ,kavanagh appe>s to u to h liv$ = 
"s "t 9 ,france1 & if s1 he has n liv$  

!re 9 va94 ,he has acquir$ ! knack (    
fram+ a bill ( f>e1 t w\ld d hon\r to ! 
reign+ pr9ce ( re/aurateurs1 :oev] he   
may be1 & w\ld create an appetite "u !  
ribs ( dea?4 ,take ! foll[+ exc]pts f ! 
cont5ts3--       ,:at ! au?or %\ld d    
be=e attempt+ to prove !      discov]y (
 ! sci5ce ( languages4 ,?is he does1 & a
 great      deal m4       ,view ( !     
human m9d4 ,t tak5 by em95t philosoph]s 
inquir$ into1 & f\nd to be errone\s4 ,! 
au?or's view (      x4       ,pro( t !re
 are no su* words z sub/antives or n\ns4
       ,pron\ns1 suppos$ l n\ns1 b      
errone\sly1 to repres5t      sub/ances4 
,!y nev] repres5t n\ns1 z !y h be5      
suppos$ to d4 ,pro( t !y nev] /& =      
sub/ances1 nor      c be1 any m ?an     
n\ns1 ! subject ( propositions4 ,_!     
real nature %[n1 & difficulties &       
locutions connect$ )      !m acc\nt$ =4 
,! orig9al =m ( oh me6 & ah me6         
,?us f> ! au?or pret5ds to h %[n t !re  
is b "o      "p ( spee*4       ,!       
au?or's acc\nt ( ! v]b4 ,:y x _c be     

comp>$ l      ! adjective4 ,! v]b is an 
adjective or "n 9 ! f\r?      degree4 ,x
 does n repres5t an action4 ,,to & ,,d4 
,%[n h[ x      does n repres5t an       
action1 & h[ gramm>ians h be5 l$      to
 suppose t x does4       ,h[ m5 express$
 !mselves 9 ! beg9n+ ( ! _w1 :5      !y 
_h occasion to make use ( ! v]b ,,to    
,,be4       ,! nature ( a pa/ p>ticiple 
9 ,engli% & ,fr5*4 ,?is      k ( a pa/  
p>ticiple 9 ,fr5* leads to a preci\s    
discov]y4       ,h[ to f9d ! etymology (
 words4 ,in/ances giv53 ! mean+      (  
fri5d1 m9d1 bl9d1 c41 %[n4       ,!     
orig9 ( ! t]m9ation i% discov]$4 ,!     
etymology (      ! words1 ,irel&1       
,scotl&1 ,dubl91 ) _m o!r               
etymologies4       ,! fem99e & plural ( 
mon1 ton1 son1 expla9$4      ,mes1 tes1 
& ses1 n plural numb]s4 ,notre & votre  
d n come f ! ,lat9 words no/] & ve/]4   
,no      language d]iv$ f ano!r4        
,! fir/ names man ev] _h = 8 own dwell+1
 ) sev]al      o!r etymologies1 su* z   
b>rack1 good-by1 prop]ty1      co91     

copp]1 mai/re1 ca/or1 out-ca/1 cas]ne1  
quoit1 cat1 quiet1 discus1 ,apollo1     
tranquil1 keel1      cuisse1 c4       ,!
 delicate mean+ ( c]ta9 words4       ,! 
extraord9>y wisdom display$ 9 ! =mation 
( words3      diff]5t acc\nts ( ! words 
man1 woman1 ,adam1 c4 ,!      mean+s (  
anim>e1 animal1 animation1 beget1 amo1  
,v5us1 %ame1 honte1 c4       ,!         
etymology ( squat1 c[]1 squ>e1 f\r1 ye>1
      fair1 faire1 c4       ,9 ! acc\nt 
giv5 ( ! lett]s ( ! ,greek alphabet are 
to      be f\nd expla9$ ! lett]s ( all  
languages4 ,to :at ?is      k may lead4 
,%[n h[ ! tw5ty-f\r lett]s make b       
"o4 ,! dot ov] ! i4 ,a /raight l9e1 a   
circle1 c4       ,! + 9 be+ acc\nt$ =4  
,mean+ ( big1 wig1      mig1 c42 ( hat1 
oy/]1 c42 ( eight1 octo1 c42 (          
nigh1 ne>1 night1 c4 ,! lit]al mean+ (  
negatives &      affirmatives4 ,:at     
man's fir/ oa?s 74       ,big1 once a "n
 = ! ,div9ity4       ,h[ all numb]s make
 b "o4 ,no su* ?+ z a plural numb]4     
,exam9ation ( ! t5 figures1 #a1 #b1 #c1 

c4 ,ea* ( !m means      "o4             
,conclud+ obs]vations resum$4 ,!        
difficulty ( believ+ 9      ?is         
discov]y4 ,! great wisdom x conta9s4 ,! 
language      suppos$ to be spok5 9     
heav54       ,! advantages to be d]iv$ f
 ?is discov]y4 ,h[      ,ma!maticians1  
,!ologians1 ,gramm>ians1 ,lexicograph]s1
      ,logicians1 & ,philosoph]s1 are   
likely to consid] ?is      discov]y4    
,o!r works propos$4       ,! memb]s ( ! 
press4 ,bookmak+4 ,! _m important       
discov]ies 9 ?is "w lie 9 ! way ( its   
imm$iate success      ) su* m9ds z _c   
receive new ideas4 ,! view :i* !        
man ( enl>g$ ideas is likely to take (  
x4 ,! au?or's      pret5sions4 ,8       
confid5ce 9 ! ultimate success ( ?is    
discov]y4   ,we confess we felt our m\? 
wat] at ! glimpses ?us af=d$ ( ! com+   
fea/2 & we are happy to ackn[l$ge t :at 
we expect$ 0 fully realiz$4  ,x mu/ n be
 imag9$ t we are go+ to furni%1 9 ^!    
trivial pages1 a full disclosure ( ,mr  
,kavanagh's discov]y4 ,!re are sev]al   

reasons = our n do+ s4 ,fir/1 we c\ld n1
 9 common ju/ice1 ?9k ( spoil+ ! sale ( 
,mr ,kavanagh's book4 ,secondly1 we are 
n sangu9e t1 9 ! space all[$ u1 we c\ld 
make ! discov]y und]/ood by our read]s4 
,& ?irdly1 we are n sure t we und]/& x  
ourselves4 ,b1 z f> z consi/5t ) ^!     
consid]ations1 we %all endeav\r to give 
su* a view ( x z may excite1 )\t        
satiat+1 curiosity1 & may give ! means (
 conjectur+ :at ! book itself mu/ be1 ( 
:i* we are enabl$ to (f] su* specim5s4  
,x is a common & all[able artifice1 9 ^?
 attempt+ to lead u up ! hill ( sci5ce1 
to po9t to "s attractive object t is to 
be rea*$ at ! summit4 ,mr ,kavanagh     
employs ?is exp$i5t ) great effect4 ,he 
%[s u1 ne> ! outset ( our j\rney1 "o    
a/oni%+ result to :i* x is to conduct u1
 & :i* necess>ily inflames our eag]ness 
to get ov] ! gr\nd3--       ,t ! read]  
may h 9 advance "s notion ( ?is mann]   
( analys+ words1 & discov]+ _! hidd5    
mean+1 ,i beg      "h to give1 = !      
pres5t1 ! cont5ts ( ! analysis (      ! 

,engli% alphabet collectively consid]$2 
t is1 n z      to :at ea* lett] means :5
 read by itself1 b z to :at      !y all 
mean :5 read toge!r 9 ! foll[+ ord]3--  
,a ,b ,c ,d ,e ,f ,g ,h ,i 7or ,j7 ,k ,l
 ,m ,n ,o ,p ,q                     ,r  
,s ,t ,u 7or ,v7 ,w ,x ,y ,z2       (   
:i* ! lit]al mean+ 9 mod]n ,engli%      
is--,?is fir/      book is _h ( ! ,jews2
 x op5s ! m9d1 & is good bre$+      &   
wisdom4 ,i %all %[ 9 ! prop] place h[   
?is mean+      may be f\nd 9 ! above    
*>act]s4   ,! /eps by :i* we are to rea*
 a mighty secret l ?is1 are giv5 by our 
au?or 9 great detail2 =1 z he c&idly    
obs]ves--       ,?\gh my discov]ies are 
mo/ly ab\t z evid5t z any ?+      9     
,euclid1 /ill1 z !y are new to ! _w1 &  
require1      previ\s to _! be+ receiv$ 
z tru?s1 ! disagreeable      admission t
 we h be5 hi!rto 9 error2 "s art1       
besides      d[n-"r logical p]suasion1 w
 be necess>y t[>ds br++      ! m9d      
fri5dly to !m4   ,! fir/ discov]y ,mr   
,kavanagh seems to h made is1 t he knew 

no?+ ( gramm>2 & _h he /opp$ "h1 he w\ld
 h be5 entitl$ to no small praise =     
disc]nm5t4 ,b ?is 0 b a /epp+-/one to   
great] ?+s4  ,mr ,kavanagh seems by & by
 to h f\nd out t !re are no su* words z 
sub/antives or n\ns2 t is to say1 words 
/&+ = sub/ances1 or repres5t+ sub/ances 
9 any mann]4 ,he discov]$ t su* words1 &
 inde$ all words1 are1 :e!r x be true or
 n1 s\nds to our e>s n altoge!r new4 ,we
 _h a notion t1 at lea/1 ! t]m n\n1 nom1
 & nom51 meant prop]ly a "n1 b ( c\rse  
,mr ,kavanagh mu/ "k bett]4 ,we mu/     
decl9e1 h[ev]1 to foll[ him ?r\gh 8     
explanation on ?is foot+ ( ! real       
pres5ce4  ,b !n comes an ann\ncem5t (   
und\bt$ orig9ality1 t all words call$   
sub/antives are b names 9 ! f\r? degree 
( comp>ison2 t is to say1 9 a degree    
above ! "o commonly call$ ! sup]lative4 
,we dur/ n d\bt t ,mr ,kavanagh is "h   
"r2 b1 = p]sons ( sl[ p]ception l       
ourselves1 we %\ld h lik$ to see a      
little m fully expla9$ :at are ! fir/1  
second1 & ?ird degrees ( comp>ison ( ^? 

names1 ( :i* hat1 /ick1 ?+1 h&1 foot1   
c41 are ! f\r? degrees4 ,discov]]s %\ld 
be> a little ) beg9n]s2 & we sugge/ t1 9
 a second edition1 a full table %\ld be 
giv5 ( :at we desid]ate4  ,! view ?us   
tak5 ( n\ns1 leads1 x seems1 to         
important results1 &1 9 p>ticul>1       
enables u to expla9 :at ,mr ,kavanagh _h
 be5 puzzl+ himself ab\t = half 8       
lifetime--! mean+ ( ! expressions1 ,?is 
is ,john's book1 & ?is is a book (      
,john's4 ,we _h always ?\ght t ! fir/ ( 
^! phrases 0 pla9 sail+1 & t ! second   
meant1 ?is a book ( ,john's books--or1  
"o ( ,john's books1 ex libris ,joannis4 
,b ^! simple suppositions _c satisfy m5 
( sci5ce1 :o require a discov]y to      
expla9 :at o!r m5 ?9k !y und]/& )\t     
"o3--       ,we c n[ acc\nt = :at has   
hi!rto puzzl$ all gramm>ians1           
namely1 ! d\ble possessive4 ,?is book ( 
,john's means1 ?is      book ( all      
,john's2 t is1 ?is book =m+ a "p ( all  
,john's1 ( all ?+s belong+ to ,john4    
,& h[ ri* & full ! mean+ ( ?is new      

possessive6 ,:at      an image x br+s   
be=e ! m9d1 comp>$ to ! wret*$          
mean+ our ignorance ( ?is noble sci5ce  
has hi!rto taught      u to all[ x to h6
 ,?is book is ,john's1 means1 we h be5  
told1 ?is book is ,john's book4 ,h[     
frivol\s1 h[ poor1 comp>$      to1 '?is 
book is "p ( all ?+s corporeal & ideal  
belong+ to ,john4' ,h[ useless ?is      
repetition ( ! same ^w      book6 & h[  
incorrect6 s9ce if ,john possess$ only  
"o book1      & t we said1 '?is book (  
,john's is bett] ?an m9e1' we      7    
imm$iately /opt1 z we _c say1 ?is book (
 ,john's      book is bett] ?an m9e4 ,b 
n[ we "k t ?is book (      ,john's1 c41 
means1 '?is book is a "p ( all ,john's1'
 c4   ,our discov]] !reaft] proce$s to  
analyse ! p]sonal t]m9ations ( v]bs1 (  
:i* he seems to give an elucidation     
highly satisfactory to himself1 & :i*1  
we hope1 w be equally s to 8 read]s4 ,x 
is obvi\sly ( ori5tal orig91 be+        
analog\s to ! a/ronomical !ory ( !      
elephant & tortoise1 by :i* ! ,h9doos   

are said s cle>ly to acc\nt = ! support 
( our t]re/rial planet4 ,love1 love/1   
love?1 or loves1 c41 h be5 =m$ by comb9+
 ! root ) ! inflections ( ! auxili>y    
v]b1 to h4 ,he gives a v di/9ct table by
 :i*       ,we see t love ha/ has be5   
%ort5$ to love/2 love      has1 to      
loves2 love ha? to love?2 love _h to    
lov$2      & love had/ to lov$/4 ,! ha  
has be5 omitt$      ?r\gh\t1 z1 love    
ha/2 love has2 love ha?2 love had2      
love had/4   ,?is is rem>kably +5i\s1 & 
x mu/ be f a v unphilosophical curiosity
 t ignorant p]sons l ourselves are      
tempt$ to ask h[ ,mr ,kavanagh expla9s !
 orig9 ( ! inflections h1 ha/1 ha?1 _h1 
c4 ,we h be5 accu/om$ to reg>d ^!       
t]m9ations1 ?\gh 9 a contract$ =m1 z    
hav+ ! same orig9 z ^? ( o!r v]bs2 & we 
d\bt if x w\ld comm& g5]al acquiesc5ce  
to say t ha? 0 a comp\nd ( h ha?4 ,b ^! 
are probably fooli% d\bts1 only %[+ !   
small progress ( our sci5tific          
enlight5m5t2 & we feel assur$ t !y w\ld 
occur to no "o :o 0 once fully imbu$ )  

,mr ,kavanagh's pr9ciples4  ,a simil>   
!ory is appli$ by ,mr ,kavanagh ) equal 
success to ! ,lat9 sy/em ( conjugation2 
b we ?9k x bett] to ref] our read]s to !
 book itself1 ?an weak5 its effect by   
any attempt at an ab/ract ( x4 ,we _c1  
h[ev]1 resi/ quot+ ,mr ,kavanagh's      
acc\nt ( ! advantages to :i* 8 !ories   
directly t5d4       ,& ?is inquiry has  
l$ me to ! mo/ important ( all my       
discov]ies2 s9ce x n only %[$ me !      
orig9al ( !      end+s ( ! ,lat9 v]bs1 b
 also ^? ( ! sev]al      decl5sions (   
,lat9 n\ns1 adjectives1 pron\ns1        
p>ticiples1      c41 ) _! sev]al cases1 
g5d]s1 numb]s1 c4 ,& ?is      k w n only
 apply to ! ,lat9 language1 b (         
c\rse to all ! languages 9 ! _w4 ,f ?is 
,i h be5      also l$ to discov] ! real 
nature ( a pron\n1 & h[ words      h be5
 made 9 ! beg9n+ ( "t1 & h[ !y h        
increas$ f a s+le lett]1 or at mo/ f    
two1 to all :i*      !y h at pres5t3 by 
:i* means we may see ! /ate (           
languages at diff]5t p]iods ( ! _w1 ev5 

su* z !y      mu/ h be5 ages be=e !     
build+ ( ! t[] ( ,babel2      :i* k w1 x
 is presum$1 ?r[ great light on !       
anci5t hi/ory ( ! _w1 s9ce m5 mu/1 9 !  
composition      ( words1 h ev] made    
allusion to ?+s already kn[n1 &      su*
 z might s]ve to expla9 ! words !y made4
 ,?us is x      ev5 9 our own times1 &  
?us has x ev] be54 ,i int5d      t[>ds !
 end ( ?is "w to give num]\s in/ances ( 
h[      words 7 at fir/ =m$1 & ! v>i\s  
=ms !y bore at      diff]5t times2 s t  
no d\bt may rema9 on any man's m9d1     
ei!r z to ! tru? ( ?is1 ! mo/ important 
"p ( my      discov]y1 or z to !        
advantages :i* may1 f our foll[+      x 
up1 arise f x4   ,9 pursu+ ?is int]e/+  
subject1 ,mr ,kavanagh %[s ! important  
"p 9 etymology play$ by ! ,lat9 v]b     
esse4       ,no?+ ( ?is has1 h[ev]1 be5 
kn[n4 ,! greate/      lexicograph]s h n 
ev5 suspect$ t sagesse 0 =              
sage-esse 7sage-tre17 s %ort-sight$ is  
man )\t !      light ( sci5ce2 !n mu*   
less did !y suspect t = to      be1 & to

 g !re 01 :il/ languages 7 yet 9 _!     
infancy1 b "o ^w4 ,! le>n$1 f _! n kn[+ 
t      sagesse is = sage-esse1 mu/ h lo/
 discov]+ !      etymology ( a va/ numb]
 ( words 9 all languages4 ,?us1 all     
! ,fr5* words end+ 9 esse1 z1 c>esse1   
f9esse1 p>esse1      c41 h nev] be5     
acc\nt$ =2 &1 9 l mann]1 !              
etymology ( all ,engli% words end+ 9 ess
 & ness1 z1      c>ess1 happiness1 c41  
has be5 unkn[n4 ,b "h !      read]1 z he
 has n yet se5 h[ we are to discov] 9   
words      _! own def9itions1 may say1 t
 ?\gh he c admit c>ess      & c>esse to 
be = c>a or c>us esse 7to be de>17 &    
f9esse to be = f9-esse 7tre f917 he _c s
 readily      all[ p>esse & happ9ess to 
be acc\nt$ = aft] a      simil> mann]1  
s9ce p>esse mu/ h5ce become p>-esse1 &  
happ9ess1 happ9-esse1 :i* words p> &    
happ9 "h      (f] no mean+4 ,b a little 
f>!r on1 he w "k t      p> "h signifies 
on ! gr\nd2 s t p>esse lit]ally         
means on ! gr\nd to be1 t is1 to be ly+ 
d[n1 or do+      no?+4 ,he w also see1 t

 ! t]m9ation ness has n      ! ridicul\s
 mean+ assign$ x by ! le>n$1 namely1 !  
top or ! foot ( a hill 7,i =get :i*17 b 
t x      lit]ally means ! be+ 7en-esse17
 s t happ9ess 0      fir/ en-esse-happy1
 7! be+ happy1 ! ?+ happy17 aft]        
:i*1 en-esse became contract$ to ness1 &
 s fell beh9d      happy1 mak+ happ9ess4
       ,"h1 n to p]plex ! read]'s & my  
own m9d1 by !      consid]+ ( too _m ?+s
 at once1 ,i am really oblig$ to        
turn my view f ! _m important discov]ies
 t ru% ^u      me1 all emanat+ out ( ?is
 little ^w be1 or g1 7no      matt] :i* 
we call x17 9 ord] m]ely to %[ h[ v]bs 9
      ,lat9 h1 f ?is s+le ^w1 =m$ _!    
end+s4   ,by & by x appe>s t if we are s
 mu* indebt$ to ! ,lat9 = _! v]b esse1 !
 ,lat9 is no less indebt$ to u = our v]b
 am4        ,b ,i h n %[n by :at        
artifice ?is pa/ "t 7ibam7 (      eo is 
=m$4 ,x is1 we may see1 compos$ ( two   
words1 ib      & am2 yet ! latt] ^w am  
has all ! appe>ance ( a      pres5t "t  
or a future2 z we may see x 9 eam1      

legam1 &      audiam4 ,!n x is evid5tly 
to ! ^w ib we are indebt$      = ?is ^w 
ibam hav+ a pa/ signification2 & z !re  
is n[ no su* ,lat9 ^w1 we are l$ to     
believe t ib mu/      be a contraction1 
& ?is at once leads u ^u ibi1 :i*       
means1 !n1 or1 at t "t4 ,h5ce1 ibam is a
 contraction      ( ibi am1 !re be+ only
 ! lett] i omitt$4 ,n[1 z      am is    
evid5tly a pres5t "t1 & ! same am we h 9
      ,engli%1 x means1 ,i exi/5ce2 s t 
:5 ibi is add$ to      x1 bo? words     
mean1 ,i exi/5ce !n1 or at t "t2 &      
x is 9 ?is mann] t m51 9 ! beg9n+1 made 
a pa/      "t4 ,if we n[ turn to ! pa/  
"t ( sum 7eram1 eras1      erat1 c47 we 
%all f9d t ! same me?od has be5 adh]$   
to4 ,! am "h is ! am 9 ibam2 & n[ we h  
to look      to ! ^w er by :i* x is     
prec$$1 9 ord] to f9d its      pa/      
signification4 ,?is br+s u to era1 or z 
x is n[      writt5 9 ,lat91 ra :i*1 l  
ibi1 ref]s also to a pa/      "t1 mean+ 
t epo*4 ,!n eram1 :i* might z well be   
writt5 ram1 is a contraction ( raam1 !re

 be+1 z      be=e1 b a s+le lett]       
omitt$1 7! a17 & ! mean+      is z be=e1
 ,i exi/5ce !n1 or at t epo*4   ,c]ta9ly
 if ev] !re 0 a man :o exi/5c$ at an era
 or epo*1 or r :o 0 himself ! era1 ,mr  
,kavanagh may claim ! di/9ction4  ,we   
are in=m$ by ! pr9t] t our space is     
ne>ly out1 & we mu/ !re=e draw to a     
close4 ,we _c bett] fill up ! limits    
all[$ u1 ?an by select+ a few examples (
 our au?or's successful treatm5t (      
etymology4 ,x w be se5 t 9 ! zoological 
dep>tm5t ( ?is subject he is p>ticul>ly 
happy4       ,! ?ird p]son plural1      
toi5t1 is a v curi\s ^w3 x      lit]ally
 means ! great lives--& !re is = ?is a v
      wise reason4 ,:5 ?is ^w fir/      
receiv$ ?is "n1 p]sons      7 n ref]r$  
to1 b ! w9ds ( heav52 & h5ce !          
propriety ( ! "n great lives or great   
be+s2 & also      ( mak+ ?is "n signify 
aft]w>ds p]sons or be+s      gone1 s9ce 
no?+ c1 to all appe>ance1 be m gone ?an 
! w9ds t h pass$ by4 ,:5 oi5t means !   
great      lives1 x is to be ?us        

analys$3 oi-iv-x2 or ?us1      ii-iv-x2 
or ?us1 iv-iv-x4 ,b :5 consid]$ z mean+ 
b a s+le idea1 x may be indiff]5tly     
writt5 w5t or      iv5t4 ,x is easy to  
p]ceive t iv5t is no o!r ?an      v5t1 !
 ,fr5* ( w9d1 ! i hav+ be5 dropp$4 ,?us 
we      discov] ! orig9 ( ! ,engli% ^w  
w5t3 we see t x is      ! same z v5t or 
w9d4       ,z ! ,fr5* ^w s\v5t means1 :5
 analys$1 all !      w9d 7is-oii-v5t71 x
 w\ld appe> t m5 9 ! beg9n+      ( "t   
receiv$ also ! idea ( frequ5cy f ! w9ds4
 ,b      9 a c\ntry r>ely visit$ by !m1 
?is idea mu/ h be5      borr[$ f "s o!r 
natural object4 ,?us ! ,lat9 ^w =       
(t5 7sep7 takes1 :5 analys$1 ?is =m1    
is--ip-1      :i* lit]ally means1 is !  
bees4 ,"h ! ^w bees is      repres5t$ by
 ip-1 ( :i* ! mean+ is bee1 bee2 b      
to avoid ! repetition ( ! second bee1 a 
pron\n1 t is      1 & :i* means life or 
be+1 has be5 put 9 its place4      ,:5 x
 is rem>k$ t ?is pron\n might z well be 
is or      es z :at x is1 x w be admitt$
 t sp might z well      be writt5 spes4 

,i make ?is rem>k to %[ h[ slight !     
diff]5ce betwe5 apes1 ! ,lat9 ( bees &  
ap 9      is-ap1 :i* means also ! bees4 
,n[ ! ,engli% ^w      (t5 becomes1 :5   
analys$1 en-ov-x1 ( :i* ! lit]al        
mean+ is ! %eep-%eep2 ! pron\n x s]v+ "h
 z 9      ! la/ in/ance1 & = ! same     
reason1 z a sub/itute =      ! second ^w
 %eep2 b ?is x might z well be es or    
is4 ,9 ,lat9 ! ^w = %eep is ov is1 :i*  
mu/ h      fir/ be5 is ov2 t is1 ! %eep3
 b :5 ! is fell      beh9d1 x became    
ovis1 & x has no o!r mean+ ?an !      "o
 life 7is-o-vie74 ,?us we p]ceive t !   
w9ds1 bees1      & %eep1 h1 9 ?ree      
diff]5t c\ntries1 giv5 bir? to      !   
same idea4   ,mr ,kavanagh adds 9 a     
foot-note z to ! ^w %eep--       ,?is is
 = %e-bay2 t is1 ! female-bay1 ?is      
animal be+      s call$ f its cry+ bay4 
,h5ce x w\ld appe> t !      ^w %eep     
7%e-bay7 did n 9 ! beg9n+ apply equally 
to      bo? g5d]s1 b t x 0 only 9 !     
fem99e4 ,:5 we      recollect t ! b & ! 
p are frequ5tly conf\nd$1 x      c be   

easily admitt$ t1 ) our great love =    
contraction1      %eep %\ld be us$      
in/ead ( %eeb4 ,an analysis ( !         
,fr5* ^w = %eep 7brebis7 confirms :at ,i
 h "h /at$      ) reg>d to ?is animal's 
be+ call$ aft] its bleat4 ,:5           
analys$1 x is is-bre-be2 ( :i* ! lit]al 
mean+ is1      ! bray bay2 t is1 ! cry  
bay or ! brea? bay1 =      ! ^w brea?   
7bray !7 is no o!r ?an ! bray :i*       
became brea? f ! article ! fall+ beh9d  
bray4 ,&      ?is aga9 is confirm$ by an
 analysis ( ! ^w bleat1 :i*      makes  
x-,,be-il-ea1 or x bay il 1 & means1 !  
bay x      is1 t is1 x is ! cry ( !     
%eep4       ,mons1 says ,mr ,kavanagh1  
is ! orig9al ( mon/] 9      ,engli%1 (  
mon/re 9 ,fr5*1 & mon/rum 9 ,lat94 ,!n  
! lit]al mean+ ( ^! words is--mon/]1 x  
is to be a      m\nta92 e/ er lit]ally  
means 'x is ! ?+1' &1 (      c\rse1 ^!  
two words fir/ prec$$ mon1 ?us1 e/ er   
mon      7x is ! ?+ m\nta947 ,mon/re is 
= mon e/re1 ?is      e/re be+ !         
inf9itive tre1 & ! same z e/ re 7x      

is ! ?+47 ,mon/rum is m mod]n 9 its =m  
?an ei!r      ! ,engli% ^w mon/]1 or !  
,fr5* ^w mon/re1 s9ce      x has 9 its  
composition ! pron\n um1 besides :at ^! 
two words h4 ,!n ! ,lat9s _h mon/re or  
mon/] be=e      !y _h mon/rum2 & !y mu/ 
h said um mon/re or um      mon/] j z ! 
,fr5* say n[ le mon/re4       ,! ^w *i5 
becomes :5 analys$ 7& ! explanation (   
! alphabet w %[ h[ ?is happ5s7 ic iv i52
 or1 z      i5 c be r$uc$ to iv1 we may 
say x is equal to ic iv      iv4 ,no    
matt] :i* ( ^! two =ms we adopt1 !      
analysis (      *i5 w be /ill ! same1   
s9ce bo? are expressive (      ha/e4 ,ic
 iv i5 means ! ?+ come or g1 or life    
life4 ,?us if we contract iv i5 to "o   
^w1 we h vi51      s t ic vi5 w mean !  
come2 & ?is ^w is we "k      expressive 
( ha/e1 s9ce v5ir1 z we h se5 9 !       
acc\nt giv5 ( oi5t1 means ! w9d 7ir v574
 ,9 l      mann] ic iv iv may mean !    
life life1 :i* we "k f      ! repetition
 ( life mu/ imply quickness4 ,& h5ce x  
is      t iv iv become :5 contract$1    

vive1 t is1 be alive4      ,n[ :5 we    
contract iv i5 to vi51 if we give to ic 
its      primitive mean+1 :i* is t ( "h1
 we %all1 by all[+      t vi5 9 ! beg9n+
 w5t be=e ic1 h = !      mean+ ( bo?    
words1 come "h 7vi5 ic74 ,h5ce x is we  
/ill he> a dog call$ ^u 9 ,engli% by    
,"h6 "h6 & 9      ,fr5* by ! ^w ,ici ) !
 dog's "n atta*$ to x4 ,!      ,engli%  
^w dog is also1 :5 analys$1 expressive (
 ha/e1      s9ce x makes id eo ge or    
id-o-ge1 :i* implies ! ?+      g1 or !  
g1 g4   ,we conclude ?is brief1 &1 we   
fe>1 imp]fect notice ( s great a "w1 by 
sugge/+ = ! au?or's consid]ation1 :e!r1 
9 a revisal ( 8 views1 he might n be/[  
"s att5tion on "o or two o!r languages  
?an ,engli% & ,fr5*4 ,8 atta9m5ts 9 ^!  
seem to be ( a sup]ior ord]1 & he seems 
also to h made consid]able progress 9 ! 
,lat9 rudim5ts4 ,we d n hold t ,greek is
 ess5tial1 b we respectfully submit t ! 
acquisition ( ,anglo-,saxon1 & "s o!r   
old] dialects ( ,europe1 ) :i* ,engli%  
is g5]ally suppos$ to h "s connexion1   

might ) advantage be attempt$4 ,n t we  
imag9e ,mr ,kavanagh's views w\ld !n be 
*ang$ or improv$4 ,! etymologi/'s eye1 9
 a f9e fr5zy roll+1 may h intuitive     
p]ceptions ( results su* z no c\rse (   
/udy c\ld atta94 ,b /ill !re is a vulg> 
prejudice to :i* we ?9k x prud5t to pay 
"s def]5ce1 & :i* recomm5ds t1 be=e     
writ+ on a subject1 we %\ld "k some?+   
ab\t x4  ,?is1 h[ev]1 is a second>y     
matt]1 :i* we m]ely submit 9 pass+4 ,z x
 is1 ,mr ,kavanagh has tak5 8 place z a 
philologi/ on an elevation :i* only a   
few c hope to atta94 ,he may be said to 
h done = language 9 g5]al :at has hi!rto
 only be5 attempt$ 9 ! field ( ,celtic  
speculation2 b x is no light matt] to h 
foll[$ & out/ripp$ 9 _! c\rse !         
illu/ri\s m5 :o h excell$ 9 t m limit$  
prov9ce4 ,h5ce=? ! "n ( ,morgan         
,kavanagh w be entw9$ 9 ! same undy+    
wrea? ) ^? ( ,la*lan ,maclean & ,sir    
,william ,be?am4     ,,scrambles ,,9    
,,monm\?%ire4  ,a ,,sequel ,,to         
,,h\se-,,hunt+ ,,9 ,,wales4   ,z we sat 

9 ! /ate ( m9d :i* has become *>act]i/ic
 ( ! gallant ,widdr+ton--9 ! l>ge room  
at ! ,angel inn at ,ab]gav5ny1 wond]+ :5
 our pilgrimage among ! hotels w\ld come
 to an end--a mess5g] ( joyful tid+s    
made 8 appe>ance 9 ! p]son ( our fri5dly
 l&lord4 ,he _h j rememb]$ t a h\se ab\t
 ?ree miles (f 0 occasionally let--he   
?\ght x 0 unlet at t mom5t--x 0 ! l>g]  
portion ( a f>m-h\se1 orig9ally occupi$ 
by ! 'squire1 b n[ 9 ! h&s ( a mo/      
respectable f>m]4 ,we w\ld he> no m2 9  
t5 m9utes f ?is communication we 7 c>e]+
 along 9 a "o-horse c> to judge =       
ourselves--our imag9ations fill$ ) !    
same cele/ial visions t ble/ ! slumb]s (
 ! fri>1 9 ! song--      ,all night long
 ( heav5 ,i dream--     ,b t is fat     
pullets & cl\t$ cream--  & be=e we _h   
conjur$ up "o-half ! delights ( a       
resid5ce 9 a real f>m-h\se1 we turn$ 9  
at "s iron gates1 drove up a gravell$   
av5ue1 & /ood at ! door ( a v nice1     
com=table-look+ h\se1 t 9 _m            
adv]tisem5ts w\ld pass v well = a quiet 

& g5tlemanly mansion1 fit = a family ( !
 fir/ di/9ction4 ,! rooms 7 ( good      
size--a beautiful lawn be=e ! door--a   
well-fill$ g>d5 beh9d--fields1 h$ges1   
trees all r\nd--& ! riv] w9d+ ?r\gh     
bru%wood a few hundr$ y>ds 9 front4 ,x  
did n take long to settle ab\t t]ms4 ,we
 7 in/all$ ! v next day2 &1 aft] our t5 
days' w&]+s1 x 0 no little satisfaction 
to f9d once m      ,all t ! he>t c dream
 ( heav5         --a home6  ,trunks 7   
unpack$1 books laid on ! table1 &1 9    
spite ( ! season ( ! ye>1 a ro>+ fire   
w5t ru%+ up ! *imney2 & z we look$ r\nd1
 aft] c&les 7 br\ght 91 & ! novel skies 
& unaccu/om$ e>? %ut out1 we c\ld h>dly 
believe we _h gone ?r\gh su* a          
succession ( coa*es & c>s1 boats1       
busses1 & flies--,yorks1 ,we/]ns1       
,beau=ts1 ,angels1 ,swans1 ,lions1 & o!r
 bea/s ( hospitable incl9ations--b t we 
_h long be5 completely settl$ 9 our     
pres5t qu>t]s1 :ile all ^! conveyances &
 hotels 7 ! phantasmata ( a dreadful    
dream4  ,ev5 9 ! be/ furni%$ h\ses1 9   

,aladd9's palace itself1 new-com]s      
always discov] "s defici5cy2 & a few ?+s
 7 want+ 9 ?is to complete our          
felicity2--b ,fate1 :i* _h fr[n$ f e    
sign-bo>d on u = a long "t1 0 n[ det]m9$
 to make up = h] bad behavi\r1 & at t   
mom5t put into our h&s a catalogue (    
h\sehold goods to be sold ! v next day1 
a few miles (f1 at ,oakfield ,lodge4 ,! 
"o-horse c> 0 aga9 put 9 requisition1 & 
our ho/ess--! k9de/ ( wom5--accompani$ u
 to ! sale1 & by nodd+ at int]vals to ! 
auctione]1 procur$ all ! articles       
requir$4  ,a sale is always a melan*oly 
ev5t4 ,a h\se looks s mis]able ) all its
 c>pets & *airs & tables pil$ 9 useless 
heaps--! b$s dismantl$--& ! rooms fill$ 
) a />+ cr[d1 h&l+ e ?+1 & pass+ its    
vulg> judgm5t ^u curta9s & drap]y t !   
proprietor p]haps ?\ght f9] ?an ^? ( a  
,grecian /atue--on pi]-glasses :i* _h   
reflect$ %apes ( love or beauty--on !   
poli% ( mahogany t _h be5 set 9 a ro> ) 
wit1--a l[1 mean1 savage-he>t$ cr[d1 b5t
 on mak+ b>ga9s1 & c>+ no?+ = !         

associations t make commone/ furniture m
 valuable ?an c$> & ebony4 ,! auction on
 ?is occasion la/$ ne>ly a week2 & day  
aft] day ! :ole population ( !          
neighb\rhood /ream$ to x l a fair4 ,x 0 
a h&some h\se1 & ! arrangem5t ( ! rooms 
spoke audibly ( ta/e & com=t4 ,sell+ !  
?+s t agre$ toge!r s well1 to g into    
sep>ate situations--! libr>y table to "o
 t[n--! libr>y *airs to ano!r--seem$ v l
 sell+ a family ( slaves to diff]5t     
ma/]s2 s1 aft] a cursory glance at !    
dwell+1 we betook ourselves 9 solit>y   
rum9ation to ! banks ( ! riv]4 ,& a     
quiet1 /eady1 calm1 respectable k9d (   
riv] ! ,usk is--n ( ! high ari/ocratic  
appe>ance ( ! ,wye1 ) wild outbur/s (   
y\?ful petulance s(t5$ imm$iately into  
grace & elegance--b a s$ate individual1 
l a retir$ citiz51 well to d 9 ! _w1 &  
glad to jog on z un9t]rupt$ly z he c4 ,!
 gr\nds ( ,oakfield slope d[n to !      
wat]--& beautiful gr\nds !y are--a l9e (
 ri* mead[s1 %ad$ ) /ately trees1 &     
divid$ into num]\s portions by invisible

 wires1 /ret*es = sev]al miles along !  
banks2 & ! abrupt elevation1 b\nd+ ?is  
level sweep ( grass & /ream1 af=ds an   
admirable site = two or ?ree ( !        
mod]ate-siz$ & ta/eful villas t seem !  
*>act]i/ics ( ?is vic9ity4 ,on pursu+   
our way ?r\gh field & fell t[>ds !      
susp5sion bridge ov] ! riv]1 we saw1    
em]g+ f a wood1 a figure t ,isaac       
,walton w\ld h adopt$ imm$iately = 8 son
 & heir4 ,he 0 a good-look+ "y man1 b s 
piscatorially habilim5t$ t !re 0 no mak+
 out 8 ord] or degree f 8 ext]nal       
sophi/ications4 ,r\nd 8 hat 7 tw9$ sp>e 
l9es2 on 8 back1 z ,p>is's quiv] hung   
ov] 8 %\ld] broad1 0 susp5d$ a          
fi%-basket2 an iron blade ( a foot or s 
9 l5g? =m$ ! end ( 8 rod2 &1 z if he _h 
be5 afraid ( ! disciples ( ! g5tle      
,rebecca1 he bore an in/rum5t some?+    
betwe5 a ,highl& claymore & a           
reap+-hook2 & z we look$ on 8           
acc\trem5ts1 we ?\ght we w\ld n be a    
tr\t 9 su* a neighb\rhood on any        
consid]ation4 ,escape mu/ be impossible 

= ev]y?+ ) f9s1 f a ?irty-p\nd salmon to
 a m9n[4 ,z we got ne> him1 he h&l$ 8   
rod ) a skill & dext]ity t left ! "y    
wat]man f> beh9d 9 ! managem5t ( 8 o>s2 
&1 aft] a :isk or too 9 ! upp] air1 he  
deposit$ ! hook & l9e1 n on ! ripple 9 !
 middle ( ! ,usk1 b on ! b\gh ( an      
elm-tree4  ,"h's a mess6 he said1 ) a   
half-despair+1 half-angry look at !     
entanglem5t4 ,he pull$1 & x seem$ firm] 
at e tug4 ,we approa*$ to r5d] :at aid  
we c\ld4  ,"h's a mess6 aga9 he said4   
,y c sc>cely call x a kettle ( fi%1 0   
our sympa?iz+ reply2 & by ! aid ( crook$
 /icks to hold ! b\gh )1 & ! w>like     
weapon1 :i* cut (f "s ( ! bran*es1 !    
hook 0 rega9$1 ! fly f\nd un9jur$1 & )  
mutual good wi%es we ea* took (f 8      
sev]al way4  ,!re seems a good deal (   
amateur fi%+ 9 ?is c\ntry4 ,9 ! c\rse ( 
our walk to ! bridge1 we saw ?ree or f\r
 individuals flogg+ ! wat] ) great      
en]gy1 :o _h evid5tly be5 fitt$ out 9   
,bond ,/reet1 or :o 7 p]haps tak+ out ! 
value ( ! dresses 9 :i* !y _h enact$    

piscators at ! fancy ball2 b _! success1
 we are sorry to say1 0 9 no degree     
proportion$ to ! complet5ess ( _!       
prep>ations2 & we suspect t p ) less    
adornm5ts1 & a mu* m scanty app>atus (  
flies & fi%-baskets1 are ! real         
discov]]s ( ! treasures ( ! deep 9 !    
%ape ( tr\t & sew94 ,?is latt] fi%1 !   
sew91 we may add 9 pass+1 is a luxury ( 
:i* ! ,usk has great reason to boa/2 = x
 is bett] ?an any ?+ we rememb] ( !     
salmon k9d1 except ! inimitable grilses 
at ,/irl+4  ,on return+ f ! sale1 ) !   
c>riage load$ ) our pur*ases1 we dispos$
 our new acquisitions 9 ! diff]5t rooms1
 & laid ourselves out = a few weeks'    
enjoym5t ( ! ble/ retirem5t--fri5d to   
life's decl9e--:i* we _h /ruggl$ s h>d  
to ga91 & :i* n[ look$ s satisfy+ 9 e   
po9t4  ,!re is no?+ to be comp>$1 =     
com=t & beauty1 to a dairy-f>m4 ,arable 
l&s are dete/able2 & ! w9d[s ( ! h\se   
g5]ally look into a horrible y>d1 :]e ! 
pres5t agonies ( ! nose are made        
tol]able only by ! hope ( ! ri* crop to 

come4 ,"h our w9d[s look$ ^u a slop+    
gre5 field1 b\nd$ f ! road by a good    
?ick h$ge1 at ! di/ance ( sev5ty or     
eighty y>ds4 ,beyond ! road /ret*$ f9e  
luxuriant mead[s1 ea* bord]$ ) its f5ce 
( noble elms1 d[n to ! riv]2 s t we _h  
no?+ to d b cross ! road1 & w&] among   
fields & h$g][s1 miles & miles1 ei!r ea/
 or we/--always )9 he>+ ( ! g5tle voice 
( ! ,usk1 & (t5 9 sight ( ! long1 /ill  
rea*es ( ! riv]1 t look$ l beautiful    
lakes1 fr+$ to ! wat] side ) will[s &   
fl[]+ %rubs4 ,sev5te5 or eighte5 c[s 7  
our fell[-lodg]s at ! f>m2 & no sight is
 m fasc9at+1 especially if y are fond ( 
w>m milk1 ?an ! long maje/ic m>*1 &     
musical invocations1 ( ! milky mo!rs1 z 
!y come home at ev5+ f ! pa/ures4 ,be=e 
?ree days 7 ov]1 ! names ( all ! c[s 7  
h\sehold words among ! "y ones2 _! v    
voices 7 di/+ui%$2 & x 0 decid$ t ! fl[]
 ( ! flock1 z to beauty1 0 ,glo'/]1 ?\gh
 "s ( u /\tly ma9ta9$ t ! :it5ess (     
,h&some entitl$ h] to ! prize4 ,!n !re 7
 ab\t ?irty %eep2 b ) !m 79 spite (     

frequ5t int]c\rse7 we c\ld only make out
 a g5]al acqua9tance--= we disbelieve   
altoge!r 9 ! possibility ( di/+ui%+ "o (
 ! flock f ! o!rs4 ,x mu/ be ! easie/ ?+
 9 ! _w = a %eep to e/abli% an alibi2 & 
we are r surpris$ t ! impossibility (   
detection does n enc\rage "s ( ! bold] (
 ! woolly-sid$ h]oes to "s desp]ate     
outrage4 ,!re c\ld be no id5tify+ !     
culprit4 ,b we saw no in/ance ( _s among
 !m1 except a wick$ attempt on ! "p ( a 
"y lamb to ov]?r[ au?orities & p[]s2 &  
we are sorry to say x 0 successful4 ,our
 fri5d ! f>m] discov]$ ! pres5ce ( "s   
insects 9 ! wool1 or r 9 ! body1 ( "o ( 
! ye>l+s4 ,he proce$$1 att5d$ by u all1 
to extirpate ?is fatal enemy ) 8 %e>s2  
&1 hav+ seiz$ ! suff]]1 put its head    
betwe5 8 knees1 & proce$$ to lay b>e !  
hid+-place ( ! dev\r+ grub4 ,by "s      
unlucky *ance1 ! lamb got its head      
loose1 pu%$ =w>d ) two or ?ree trem5d\s 
jumps1 & ! op]ator 0 ?r[n on 8 back1 8  
feet 9 ! air1 & ! %e>s held helplessly  
up 9 8 discomfit$ h&s4 ,x creat$ great  

con/]nation among ! spectators2 & ! two 
y\ng] *ildr51 aft] look+ on 9 spee*less 
amazem5t1 ?\ght1 probably1 t ! assailant
 0 a tig] 9 disguise1 & s\ght safety    
ignom9i\sly 9 flight4 ,! pati5t--! lamb1
 we mean--0 aga9 submitt$ to ! %e>s1 !  
grub extirpat$1 & ! cure1 we believe1   
effect$4 ,! muscul> p[] ( a %eep is     
trem5d\s2 &1 if x 7 to get its head     
betwe5 ! ankles ( ! braz5 ,a*illes1 d[n 
w\ld fall ! glory ( ,hyde ,p>k4 ,x is   
lucky !y h n f\nd out ! secret ( _!     
/r5g?1 z !y might take su* a dang]\s    
attitude z mat]ially to raise ! price ( 
mutton--a consummation by no means to be
 wi%$4  ,9 addition to ! c[s & %eep1 &  
innum]able multitudes ( *ick5s &        
turkeys1 ! f>m boa/$ a goodly array (   
horses4 ,^! w\ld h made a poor figure at
 ,newm>ket1 z !y 7 no k9 to ,godolph9 or
 ,eclipse--b 9 pl\gh or h>r[ !y look$   
respectable4 ,!re 0 an old m>e1 & h]    
daught]1 & h] daught]'s                 
daught]--,grannie1 & ,polly1 & ,rose by 
"n4 ,!re 7 also ano!r m>e & h] foal2 b  

our acqua9tance 0 conf9$ to ! ?ree      
g5]ations--or r to ! two--= ,grannie 0  
old & /upid2 & z ! f>m] sport$ a f9e    
old-fa%ion$ /rong r\gh gig1 we          
occasionally press$ ,polly into !       
s]vice1 put two or ?ree *ildr5 on       
foot/ools 9 ! front1 br&i%$ a :ip t _h  
done duty at ! pl\gh1 & trott$ (f ) !   
easy dignity ( f\r miles an h\r1 &      
lioniz$ ! :ole neighb\rhood4 ,amid/     
bumps1 & ?umps1 & bur/s ( laught] at !  
unwieldy turn-out1 ! excursion 0        
pleasant] ?an if made 9 a *>iot & f\r4  
,"o day we />t$ (f to visit ,ragl&      
,ca/le2 ! di/ance 0 five or six miles1 !
 day beautiful1 ! m>e 9 spl5did ord]1 & 
! :ip ornam5t$ ) a new la%4 ,disreg>d+ !
 :9ny+s & neigh+s ) :i* ! family receiv$
 our /e$ z we pass$ ! field :]e !y 7 all
 assembl$ to see u at ! gate1 f ,grannie
 d[n to ! foal1 we appli$ ! ?ong        
vigor\sly1 & *irrup$1 & :i/l$1 & cri$   
,gee6 & ,hi!r6 & got fairly into a trot2
 & an easy ?+ x is to ma9ta9 ! pace aft]
 y h once got into x--9 fact1 y f9d "s  

difficulty 9 gett+ into a sl[] rate2 &  
if by any *ance we pull$ up altoge!r to 
see a view1 ,polly1 :o 0 no judge ( !   
picturesque1 0 v apt to turn r\nd & run 
away home--if ! ^w run away c be appli$ 
to a v det]m9$ walk1 ) no reg>d :atev]  
to bit & re94 ,a /ruggle ( ?is sort 0 v 
apt to occur at ,llansa9tfra$ ,lodge1   
mean+1 we are told1 9 ! orig9al1 ! ,*ur*
 ( ,/ ,bridget--& a pretty *ur* x is4 ,x
 is 9 a p>k ( mod]ate size1 cr[n+ a     
g5tle elevation2 a c>riage-drive leads  
to x1 nicely gravell$1 = x is ! approa* 
to ,llansa9tfra$ ,h\se4 ,! *ur*1 :5 we  
saw x1 0 all fe/oon$ ov] ! por* & a     
portion ( ! walls1 ) honeysuckle 9 full 
%[2 roses & o!r fl[]s 7 plant$ all r\nd1
 & a f9e solid /one cross ?rew its      
beautiful %ad[ ov] ! graves4 ,! *ur* is 
v small & v old1 & owes a "p ( its good 
condition to ! good =tune ( hav+ _h !   
late ,bi%op ( ,ll&aff = a p>i%ion]4 ,"s 
ye>s ago he occupi$ ,llansa9tfra$ ,h\se1
 & rescu$ ! p>i% f ! disgrace ( a ru9\s 
& neglect$ *ur*4 ,x is only to be wi%$ t

 e p>i% _h its manor occupi$ s well--= a
 di/rict ) *ur*es s %amefully fall5 into
 disrepair we nev] saw4 ,9 all !        
*ur*y>ds1 = in/ance1 ! piety ( our      
=efa!rs _h rais$ a cross2 & x surely    
does n argue a man to be a ,puseyite1 if
 he ?9ks highly ( su* an emblem 9 su* a 
place2 & 9 e in/ance1 except ?is "o (   
,llansa9tfra$1 ! h& ( ! spoil] ha? be5  
^u x4 ,! cross1 9 e in/ance1 is brok51 &
 only a portion ( ! brok5 pill> rema9+4 
,if ! ar*deacon disapproves ( ! cross1  
let x be remov$ altoge!r2 b if n1 let x 
be repair$1 & n left to affront !       
p>i%ion]s ) ! daily spectacle ( !       
rate-pay]s' meanness & ! cl]gyman's     
neglect4 ,s1 hav+ manag$ to get ,polly's
 head r\nd aga9--= %e _h avail$ h]self (
 our pause to :isk homew>d--we proce$ on
 our way to ,ragl&4 ,wel% precisians1 we
 p]ceive1 call x ,rhaglan--& probably   
atta* a nobl] mean+ to ! "n ?an c be =c$
 out ( ! ,saxon ,rag & ,l&2 b z noveli/s
 & hi/orians h agre$ 9 call+ x ,ragl&1  
we %all keep to ! old spell+ 9 spite (  

s5na*ie & b>d4 ,a %ort way beyond       
,llansa9tfra$ is ! h&some gate &        
beautiful p>k ( ,cly?a2 ! gate surm\nt$ 
by a magnific5t & highly ornam5t$ ,go?ic
 ar*1 & ! mansion-h\se pure ,grecian--an
 allegory1 p]haps1 ( ! gradual          
civilization ( mank9d1 or ! process by  
:i* *ivalr\s knights are turn$ into     
,*ri/ian g5tlem54 ,! h\se is mod]n1 &   
ev5 ! ar* )\t mu* pret5sion to          
antiquity2 b ! family /ret*+ f> back    
into ! gloom ( ages1 & l9eal ance/ors ( 
! ant$iluvian patri>*s4 ,s9ce ! ,deluge1
 h[ev]1 !y h re/rict$ !mselves to ?is "p
 ( ,monm\?%ire2 & judg+ f ! numb] (     
,joneses--:i* is ! great "n 9 !         
neighb\rhood--!re seems no great *ance (
 ! g5ealogical tree be+ 9 want (        
bran*es4 ,!re is no?+ s /range 9 a new  
vic9ity z ! diff]5t weight atta*$ to    
family names4 ,we h kn[n di/ricts :]e ! 
^w ,smi? itself1 ev5 )\t ! fictiti\s    
dignity ( y 9 ! middle & e at ! end1 0  
pron\nc$ ) great v5]ation4              
,jones--else:]e sacr$ to ! comic        

muse--is ( z pot5t syllable--unluckily x
 has only "o--along ! banks ( ! ,usk1 z 
,scott or ,d\glas on ! ,ni? & ,y>r[4 ,& 
su* is ! effect ( t]ritorial or moral   
association1 t we %all will+ly )draw an 
objection we made to a l9e 9 ! trag$y ( 
our late fri5d ,j---- ,s----1 :]e "s "o1
 speak+ ( ! patriot ,pym--to eye & e> ! 
mo/ pi?less & contemptible (            
cognom5s--says1      ,!re is a s\nd (   
?und] 9 ! "n4  ,we h no d\bt !re 0 a v  
di/9ct peal ( heav5's dread artill]y 9 !
 e> ( t bitt]-he>t$ ,r\ndhead e "t he   
he>d ! magic ^w--,pym4  ,! family highe/
 9 m]e antiquity 9 ,monm\?%ire1 we are  
told1 rejoices 9 ! curi\s-look+ "n (    
,prog]s4 ,f !m are desc5d$ ! noble      
,beau=ts1 & ev5 ! ,joneses ( ,cly?a4 ,= 
hundr$s ( ye>s1 ! ,prog]ses _h kept go+ 
d[n-hill2 e/ate aft] e/ate _h disappe>$2
 f>m aft] f>m took to flight2 till1     
?irty or =ty ye>s ago1 ! blood ( !      
,prog]ses fl[$ 9 ! ve9s ( a poor        
g5tleman ) ab\t two hundr$ a-ye>1 a h\se
 9 v bad repair1 & family pride t seem$ 

to fl\ri% 9 proportion z e ?+ else      
decay$4 ,"s t\ri/1 9 ! c\rse ( 8        
rese>*es1 enc\nt]$ ?is ,monm\?%ire ,m>9s
 sitt+ among ! ru9s ( 8 =m] /ate4 ,!    
t\ri/ 0 ( a g5ealogical turn ( m9d1 & ! 
,desdi*ado p\r$ =? 8 ho>d$ boa/s 9 8    
sympa?iz+ e>4 ,out ( ?is h\se1 he said1 
po9t+ me*anically to ! tott]+ walls ( 8 
family mansion1 b metaphorically allud+ 
to ! ,h\se ( ,prog]s1 came ! ,joneses ( 
,cly?a & ,llan]?--out ( ?is h\se came ! 
noble ,som]sets1 n[ ,dukes ( ,beau=t2 & 
s he w5t on1 relat+ all ! great & p[]ful
 names t _h ow$ _! orig9 to 8 h\se4 ,!  
t\ri/ seems also to h _h "s k (         
ar*itecture1 = 8 answ] to ! catalogue   
0--,well1 sir1 x's my advice to y to    
come out ( ?is h\se y\rself z quickly z 
y c1 or x w be d[n ^u y "s ( ^! days to 
a c]ta9ty4  ,on pass+ ,cly?a1 we ent]   
into a t]ritory :i* might m ju/ly be    
call$ ,som]set%ire ?an ! c\nty ! o!r    
side ( ! *annel4 ,! ,dukes ( ,beau=t    
seem p>am\nt :]ev] y g2 & 9 e t[n1 & ev5
 9 all ! villages1 !re is sure to be a  

h\se ( ent]ta9m5t ) ! royal portcullis  
on ! signpo/1 & ! "n ( ! ,beau=t ,arms4 
,! doma9s ( ! family mu/ be l>g] ?an    
half a doz5 =eign pr9cipalities2 &1 f   
all we he>d1 ! conduct ( ! pres5t noble 
,som]set is wor?y ( 8 high              
position--lib]al1 k9d-he>t$1 magnific5t4
 ,"o ?+ v pleasant to see 0 ! little    
g>d5-gr\nd tak5 f ! road1 & atta*$ to   
nice clean cottages1 almo/ all ! way4   
,little portions1 ab\t ?irty feet 9     
dep?1 & consid]able l5g?1 =m$ ! weal? & 
ornam5t ( ! wayside dwell+s4 ,!y 7 all  
well fill$ ) apple & o!r fruit-trees1 & 
/ock$ ) useful vegetables4 ,if ?is is ! 
plan ( enclos+ commons1 we wi% we 7 9   
,p>liam5t to give ,"l ,worsley our aid2 
= a few p]*es1 well h$g$ & c>efully     
kept1 are wor? all ! rights ( pa/ure1   
:e!r ( c[s1 geese1 or donkeys1 t ev] !  
poor possess$4 ,inside ( ?is fr+e (     
ru/ic indep5d5cies1 snug f>m-h\ses rose 
up 9 all directions2 b1 ) a p]v]s5ess   
:i* seems *>act]i/ic ( ! :ole c\nty1 & n
 limit$ to f>m-h\ses1 or ev5 semi-g5teel

 villas1 no soon] does a man fix on a   
nice situation--a ris+ knoll beside a   
riv]--a g5tle slope--or beautiful level 
gre5--no soon] does he re> a mode/1 or  
p]haps an ornam5tal1 mansion on ! site1 
?an 8 next c>e is to plant z ?ick r\nd x
 z ! trees w /&4 ,elms1 popl>s1 oaks1 & 
l>*es1 9 a few ye>s block up ! view2 &  
arbutus1 rodod5drons1 & enorm\s         
,portugal laurels1 /& z an imp5etrable  
scre5 be=e e w9d[2 s t a h\se1 :i* by   
its ar*itecture ought to be an ornam5t  
to ! neighb\rhood1 & %\ld comm& noble   
hills & ri* valleys1 might z well be a  
wigwam 9 an ,indian =e/4 ,!re seems a   
great] t5d5cy to rheumatism ?an romance 
among ! inhabitants2 &1 by ! by1 we     
obs]v$ on all ! walls ,wel% plac>ds (   
,p>r's pills4 ,b 9 spite ( ! l>ge       
lett]s1 & ! popul\sness ( ! t[ns &      
villages :]e !y 7 po/$ up1 we did n see 
a s+le individual read+ ! ann\ncem5ts4  
,qu]y1 c ! ,wel% peasantry read ,wel%8  
or is _! book-le>n+ limit$ to ,engli%1 &
 _! native tongue left to its oral      

fre$om1 untrammel$ ) ,a1 ,b1 ,c8 ,9     
addition to ! usual f5ce ( imp5etrable  
trees & %rubs1 we notic$ "o pretty      
little dwell+1 newly built1 a mile or   
two f ! village ( ,ragl&1 ta/efully     
ornam5t$ ) an imm5se heap ( compo/1 :i* 
ne>ly b>ricad$ ! draw+-room w9d[4 ,!    
inhabitant mu/ h be5 a prodigi\s        
agriculturi/2 & probably pref]r$ !      
useful1 b unromantic heap1 to any o!r   
object 9 ! view4 ,we gave x ! "n (      
,guano ,hall4  ,b :]e1 all ?is :ile1 is 
,ragl& ,ca/le1 & :5 w ! old m>e jiggle  
joggle to ! end ( our c\rse8 ,all eyes 7
 kept 9 con/ant motion to cat* a glimpse
 ( ! t[]s & p9nacles1 ( :i* we felt sure
 we 7 n[ )9 a mile4 ,trees1 trees1 &    
no?+ b trees1 ) sometimes a glimpse (   
blue hills f> (f1 & wrea?s ( smoke f    
cottages or f>ms ris+ above ! wild]ness 
( leaves4 ,at la/1 on a little elevation
 on ! left h&1 ris+ solemnly1 into !    
sil5t air1 we caught sight ( ! old ru91 
) great pond]\s walls1 cov]$ ) ivy1 & ! 
sky se5 ?r\gh ! op5 ar*es ( its imm5se  

w9d[s4 ,a beautiful mass ( build+1 ) su*
 r5ts & fissures 9 x1 t y wond]$ :e!r x 
0 ev] entire2 & ! walls s ?ick & massive
 t y wond]$ aga9 h[ x ev] fell into     
decay4 ,we hobbl$ into ! village1 keep+ 
! ca/le 9 view ! :ole "t1 got good      
qu>t]s = ! m>e at ! fir/ ho/el we       
enc\nt]$1 & proce$$ up a c\ntry lane to 
sp5d an h\r or two among ! ru9s4 ,!     
entrance is v f9e1 & might give rise to 
gr& hi/oric emotions 9 p fond ( ! feudal
 & sublime2 b 9 our in/ance su* a tra9 (
 ?\ght w\ld h be5 impossible1 = j inside
 ( ! maje/ic portal sat an old h>p]     
?rumm+ away at ! pa!tic melody ( ,j5ny  
,jones4 ,he might z well h play$ ,jim   
,cr[ at once1 = romance 0 put to flight1
 & we spe$ily got z f> z we c\ld f !    
desc5dant ( ,taless94 ,! ,duke ( ,beau=t
 has fitt$ up ! ru9s 9 a way t w\ld h   
gratifi$ ! he>t ( ,mrs ,radcliffe4 ,w9d+
 /airs lead1 9 ! ?ickness ( ! walls1 f  
t[] to t[]1 & ! dim corridors & dizzy+  
b>tizans are made safe to ! mo/ timid ( 
,cockneys by /\t wood5 bani/]s1 t enable

 y to /& z securely on a crumbl+        
battlem5t z on ! top ( ,salisbury pla94 
,we saw ! c\rts & quadrangles1 admir$ ! 
spl5did w9d[s1 & only wond]$ at ! l[ness
 ( ! ceil+s ( "s ( ! pr9cipal rooms1 z f
 floor to floor c\ld n h be5 m ?an sev5 
feet & a half4 ,!re 7 f\nta9 c\rts )\t a
 f\nta92 & *apel-y>ds ) no *apel2 :y    
%\ld we speak ( kit*5s1 conjur+ up      
visions ( roa/$ ox51 & butt]ies         
sugge/ive ( hog%eads ( home-brew$ ale1  
:5 fire-places are n[ *ok$ up1 & no?+ is
 left ( ! butt]y b a pile ( brok5 /ones8
 ,at fir/1 on go+ 91 we dilat$ on ! gr& 
?+s we %\ld d 9 ! way ( re/oration if we
 7 ! "l ( ! ca/le4 ,fir/1 we w\ld fit x 
up exactly z x 0 9 ! brave days ( old3  
we %\ld h new floors put 9 !            
audi5ce-*amb]2 a ro( on ! great         
d9+-hall2 a /ately dais at ! upp] end1 &
 get x f ! h&s ( ,pug9--! id5tical ca/le
 ( ! days ( ,elizabe?4 ,b1 on clos]     
inspection1 we came to ! conclusion t ! 
natural condition ( su* build+s is t (  
int]e/+ rema9s4 ,! rooms are l[1 !      

passages are d>k1 ! b$-rooms dog-k5nels1
 ! /airs ladd]s1 ! c\rt-y>ds damp1 !    
w9d[s all turn$ ! wrong way1 &1 9 %ort1 
! sixte5? c5tury an excell5t trimm] (   
popes & conqu]or ( armadas1 b a v bad   
ar*itect4  ,9 "o ( ! c\rt-y>ds 0 a flock
 ( %eep nibbl+ at ! grass t _h be5      
trodd5 by ! great m>quis1 z he walk$ d[n
 aft] 8 noble def5ce1 to deliv] 8 sword 
to ! ,p>liam5t>ian ,fairfax4 ,has       
,catt]mole or ,*>les ,l&se] nev] ?\ght (
 ! brave old cavali]1 at ! age (        
eighty-five1 surr5d]+ 8 ance/ral        
home1--surr\nd$ by 8 sorr[+ g>rison1 &  
be>+ himself ) ! true dignity ( a h]oic 
noble8 ,let !m ?9k ( ?is1 & s5d u a pro(
 pr9t4  ,lead] ( ! %eep 0 ! mo/         
beautiful ram t ev] 0 se5 s9ce ,aries 0 
made a />4 ,all our common-place muttons
 at home sank into insignificance at    
once4 ,! *ildr5 patt$ x1 & f$ x1 & kiss$
 x1--& to all _! ende>m5ts x answ]$ 9 ! 
mo/ bewit*+ mann]4 ,x foll[$ !m l a dog1
 & rubb$ its head aga9/ !m1 & x 0 soon v
 evid5t t ! greate/ beauty ( ,ragl&     

,ca/le1 9 c]ta9 eyes1 0 ?ickly cas$ 9   
wool4 ,! anci5t g>d5] told u x _h once  
tak5 su* a fancy to "o ( ! visitors1 t x
 _h foll[$ h] up a hundr$ & sixty /eps  
to ! v top ( ! signal t[]1--& ! old lady
 0 s pleas$ ) x1 %e wi%$ to take x home 
) h]1 ?\gh %e liv$ two or ?ree hundr$   
miles (f4 ,& c]ta9ly if ev] a pet ( su* 
a size 0 all[able1 x mu/ h be5 ! g5tle  
creature be=e u4 ,b all ?+s are         
deceitful--g5tle-look+ rams among !     
numb]1--= on ! discont9uance ( our      
gifts1 he wax$ all ( a sudd5 v wro?1 &  
fav\r$ ! y\nge/ ( ! p>ty ) a butt1 t    
made h] n "k :e!r %e 0 on h] head or h] 
heels--:i* is an extraord9>y specim5 (  
ignorance1 = %e 0 exactly half-way      
betwe5 bo?4 ,s1 conv]t+ our admiration (
 ! gold5 fleece into a kick1 we rais$ ! 
a/oni%$ victim ( 8 ang]1 & aft] a       
delightful /roll got into our gig aga91 
& 9 due "t arriv$ at our com=table home4
  ,we h he>d ( p be+ a mon? at ,cairo1 &
 nev] go+ to see ! ,pyramids1--a        
circum/ance :i* does n give a v l(ty    

idea ( _! activity4 ,we det]m9$ to %[ ^?
 /ay-at-homes a good example1 & n rema9 
a week 9 ,monm\?%ire )\t visit+ ! ,wye4 
,aga9 ! old gig 0 put 9 requisition2 b  
on ?is occasion we succe$$ 9 borr[+ a   
horse ( a neighb\r+ f>m]1 t trott$      
m]rily up & d[n hill at a reasonable    
pace2 & away we />t$ on "o ( ! few w>m  
days ( ?is hyp]borean summ]1 on our way 
to ! t[n ( ,monm\?4 ,great is ! enjoym5t
 ( pass+ ?r\gh a beautiful c\ntry on a  
f9e cle> day 9 ,june4 ,!re 0 no du/--!  
sun 0 n too hot--! h$ges 7 9 full leaf1 
& no drawback to our felicity except a  
pret]natural dread ( /one heaps by !    
roadside1 on ! "p ( our /e$1 :i*3 kept u
 on ! al]t to try & pull 9 ! prop]      
direction ! mom5t he %i$ to ! side4 ,all
 o!r objects 9 nature or art x pass$ ) !
 equanimity ( a sage2 tilt$ waggons ) ! 
w9d flapp+ _! canvass cov]+s ) a s\nd & 
motion t w\ld ju/ify a little tremor 9 !
 he>t ( ,bucephalus--/agecoa*es1 load$ )
 m5 & luggage1 ru%+ d[n-hill at fifte5  
miles an h\r1 & app>5tly det]m9$ to =ce 

_! way ov] our v heads4 ,aga9/ all ^! x 
%[$ ! mo/ unfl9*+ c\rage2 b if x came to
 a heap ( /ones1 l>ge or small1 brok5 or
 entire1 x lo/ its pres5ce ( m9d 9 a    
mom5t1 & w\ld h jump$ = safety into !   
dit* at ! o!r side ( ! road1 if n       
re/ra9$ by a pull at ! re91 & a good cut
 ( ! :ip sci5tifically appli$4 ,ev5 !   
mile/one 0 an object ( great al>m2 & z  
!re 7 twelve ( !m on ! way1 & ! c[>dly  
creature nev] by any *ance miss$ see+   
!m1 h[ev] deep !y 7 sunk 9 h$ges1 or    
buri$ 9 grassy banks1 we nev] requir$ to
 di/+ui% ! figures on ! /ones1 b        
calculat$ ! progress we made by ! numb] 
( />ts & /ruggles4 ,aft] a doz5 ( ^!    
debates1 :i* creat$ great amusem5t among
 ! juv5iles ( ! p>ty1 we arriv$ at !    
clean delightful t[n ( ,monm\?--& "h let
 u make am5ds = ! disp>ag+ m5tion ( ?is 
place 9 our =m] n>rative ( ,h\se-,hunt+ 
9 ,wales4 ,! wea!r on t occasion 0 v    
bad1 & ! inn we lun*$ at a v poor &     
uncom=table "o4 ,:5 a p]son's pr9cipal  
acqua9tance ) a t[n consi/s 9 8 exp]i5ce

 ( its wet /reets & t\gh beef /eaks1 x  
is no wond] t 8 impressions are n ( !   
mo/ agreeable k9d4 ,on ! pres5t occasion
 we drove to ! ,beau=t ,arms1 &1 9      
imitation ( ! ,m>quis ( ,exet]1 we pull$
 at ! bell ) a lordly air4 ,! ho/l] & 8 
curates ru%$ zeal\sly f ! fur!r end ( ! 
y>d1 & receiv$ u ) a/oni%+ comm& (      
face--n a gr9 0 visible1 ev5 ! wait]s   
/ood ) decor\s solemnity1 :ile *ild aft]
 *ild 0 lift$ d[n1 & all out ( "o gig4  
,!y r look$ on ) ! pleas$ expression we 
h se5 on ! c\nt5ances ( a rural audi5ce 
:5 ,mr ,+ilby1 or o!r juggl]1 produc$1  
out ( "s unacc\ntably prolific hat1 a   
/ew+-pan1 a salt cell>1 a c\ple ( eggs1 
a brood ( *ick5s1 & f9ally ! mat]nal h54
 ,we ord]$ a cold d9n] to be put into   
baskets1 ) a mod]ate accompanim5t (     
bottles & glasses--enquir$ if a boat 0  
to be _h to take u up ! ,wye--7         
recomm5d$ to a c]ta9 b>ge-ma/] ( ! "n ( 
,williams2 &1 9 a v %ort space ( "t1 7  
safely /[$ 9 a beautiful clipp]1 ?irty  
feet long1 ) only n9e in*es draught (   

wat]1 ) a gorge\s morn+ ov] our heads1  
luxuri\s cu%ions on ! seats1 a tug1 9 ! 
%ape ( a mo/ /rong1 active fell[1 pull+ 
u by ! t[+-pa?1 &1 seat$ at ! helm1 !   
mo/ civil1 ! mo/ polite1 ! mo/          
communicative1 & ! mo/ talkative man t x
 ev] 0 our =tune to meet4 ,he unit$ 9 8 
own p]son a va/ multiplicity ( trades & 
(fices4 ,he 0 innkeep]1 boat-build]1    
boat-own]1 pilot1 turn]1 ,bri/ol-trad]1 
wood-m]*ant1 coracle-mak]1 fi%]man1     
hi/orian1 &1 above all1 a w>rior ( ! mo/
 trem5d\s c\rage4 ,9 all ( ^! capacities
 he _h no rival2 & z x 0 8 own boat1 8  
native t[n1 8 own riv]1 & we 7 m]ely 8  
pass5g]s1 he _h x all 8 own way4 ,he    
/ood up 9 ! excitem5t ( 8 disc\rse1 &   
talk$ )\t a mom5t's                     
int]mission--sometimes to u--sometimes  
to a little boy he _h br\ght on bo>d to 
look aft] ! baskets--sometimes to ! man 
on ! t[+-pa?--& sometimes to himself2 b 
at all times !re fell ?ick & fa/ ab\t   
our e>s ! words ( ,?omas ,williams2 & ( 
all 8 words1 ,?omas ,williams 0 ! h]o4  

,z p get us$ to ! noise ( a wat]fall1 at
 la/ we /ood ! p]petual s\nd )\t any    
inconv5i5ce1 & c>ri$ on quiet           
conv]sation1 or sank into sil5t         
admiration1 z we float$ pa/ ! bold      
cliffs1 or s(t-wood$ %ores1 ( ! sylvan  
,wye4  ,= ! fir/ mile or two f ,monm\?1 
! h]mit ( ! woods is no?+ to boa/ (4 ,! 
banks are l[2 ! wat] sluggi%2 & ! sc5]y 
common-place4 ,! beauties beg9 at a b5d 
( ! riv]1 :]e ,mr ,blakemore has built a
 l>ge & com=table-look+ h\se4 ,on a     
high1 conical hill above ! mansion1 !re 
/&s a l(ty gazebo ( op5 iron-"w1 comm&+ 
a view ( we don't rememb] h[ _m c\nties2
 b be=e our cic]one _h got half-way into
 an acc\nt ( ea* ( !m1 ) _! capital     
t[ns1 ! names ( ! pres5t mayors1 & !    
noble families he _h suppli$ )          
cricket-bats1 we _h pass$ f> away among 
! noble sc5]y ( ! oak di/rict2 & our    
fri5d laun*$ into a description ( oak   
plantations 9 g5]al--! value ( oaks p]  
acre--! sum paid to ,"l ,george = 8     
e/ate1 :i* 0 b\ght by gov]nm5t f\rte5   

ye>s ago1 ! la/ "t ! duke 0 9 p[]--     
,:at duke8  ,an unlucky "q1 = x l$ into 
a disquisition o all dukes1 anci5t &    
mod]n1 & an encomium on ! late ,duke (  
,beau=t1 z ! be/ soldi] t ,engl& _h ev] 
produc$4 ,he 0 a true soldi]'s fri5d1 & 
flogg$ e s\l t came on p>ade-gr\nd ) a  
dirty %irt4 ,i don't ?9k !re 0 ev] se5  
su* a militia regim5t--!re 0 a sight m  
flogg+ 9 x ?an ! reg'l>s--s x 0 q a     
com=t to "s fell]s t didn't l x1 to g   
into ! l9e4 ,i 0 9 x myself2 b ,i lik$ !
 duke1 ?\gh he w\ld h flogg$ me z soon z
 look at me4 ,& su* d9n]s he gave u :5  
our "t 0 ov]--x 0 dreadful--six ( our   
corporals di$ ( dr9k+ 9 "o mon?4 ,he 0  
c]ta9ly ! greate/ (fic] ev] ,i see4 ,i 0
 ?reat5$ myself ) a ?+ !y call delirium 
trem5s1 = he d9$ u 9 t5ts = a =tnight at
 a "t4 ,x's a pity ! ,fr5* nev] l&$2 we 
w\ld h lick$ !m l sacks4 ,i hates a     
,fr5*man1 & hope to h a fl+ at 'em yet4 
,9 ! mean "t we _h glid$ fur!r & fur!r  
into ! leafy recesses ( ! riv]4 ,su*    
banks are n[h]e else to be se5--high    

p]p5dicul> cliffs1 brok5 (f 9 all mann] 
( fanta/ic %apes2 sometimes a great rock
 /&+ up b>e1 smoo?1 & maje/ic1 l a va/  
t[] ( "s gigantic ca!dral2 sometimes a  
solit>y column1 high] & m massive ?an   
any ( an ar*itect's design+1 ) its      
capital ornam5t$ ) self-s[n %rubs1 & its
 base wa%$ by ! rippl+ wat]4 ,ea* ( ^!  
call$ =? an anecdote f our guide1       
philosoph]1 & fri5d--"o 0 ! sc5e ( !    
great fight betwe5 ,*>act]us & !        
,romans4 ,! ,romans lick$ 'em2 = !m     
,wel% 0 nev] no great %akes4 ,i c\ld    
lick any ?ree anci5t ,britons ,i ev] saw
 myself--& !y kn[s x4 ,&1 z to          
,*>act]us1 he c\ld be no great g5]al1 or
 he nev] w\ld h f\ght on t side ( !     
wat]4 ,he %\ld h come across to ! o!r   
side1 & he w\ld h lick$ !m ,romans to a 
c]ta9ty4  ,we ?\ght x 0 a pity ,mr      
,williams1 :o1 9 spite ( 8 contempt = ! 
anci5t ,britons1 0 z true a ,wel%man z  
ev] ate 8 leek1 _h n be5 ( ! c\ncil ( w>
 ( ,c>actacus--= x 0 ! sc5e ( 8 great   
/ruggle we 7 pass+4 ,! gr\nd /ill be>s !

 "n ( ,slaught] ,field1 & 0 a fit alt>  
on :i* to (f] ! la/ victims to national 
fre$om4 ,! sc5]y all r\nd x is ( !      
noble/ "*--rock & wood1 & ! m\nta9 *a9 t
 !y hop$ _h %ut out ! invad]4 ,! riv]   
b5ds r\nd x1 & enables y to keep = a    
long "t 9 view ! pla9 :]e ! battle 0    
f\ght1 & ! rude rema9s ( :at is consid]$
 to h be5 ! ,roman encampm5t4 ,aft] an  
h\r or two delightfully sp5t 9 glid+ "u 
enorm\s cliffs1 & w9d+ among woods ( all
 hues & sizes1 hang+ ov] ! precipice1 & 
wav+ _! bran*es almo/ d[n to ! wat]'s   
edge1 we arriv$ at our po9t ( de/9ation1
 a high rock call$ ,simon's ,yatt1 :i*  
our agreeable companion describ$ z !    
f9e/ ?+ 9 ! _w4 ,on br++ to at !        
l&+-place1 we f\nd we _h ne>ly a mile to
 walk up a /eep road1 newly esc>p$ on ! 
side ( ! hill2 & sett+ ourselves        
manfully to ! ef=t1 we began our        
m>*--,williams insi/$ on be+ ! useful   
memb] ( ! p>ty4 ,he (f]$1 9 ! pl5itude (
 8 /r5g?1 to c>ry ! %awls1 to c>ry a    
c\ple ( *ildr51 to c>ry ourselves2 he   

?\ght no?+ ( weights2 he 0 us$ to h>d   
lab\r2 he r lik$ "s difficult ?+ to d2 &
 f9ally1 ne>ly broke d[n "u ! burd5 ( "o
 ( ! provision baskets2 /opp+ e n[ & !n 
to re/1 & evid5tly ov]-task$4 ,! day 0 v
 hot--! soil 0 a r$ iron/one--!re 0 no  
%elt] f ! p]vad+ sun--& ! asc5t 0 on an 
incl9ation ( at lea/ "o foot 9 six2 at  
la/1 h[ev]1 urg$ on by a desire to enjoy
 ! prospect--& ! lun*--& also ) a       
malici\s int5tion1 %>$ by ! :ole p>ty1  
to walk our companion to dea?1 we       
surm\nt$ all difficulties1 w\nd r\nd a  
rocky em95ce at ! top1 & sudd5ly f\nd   
ourselves on a beautifully wood$ plat=m1
 six or sev5 hundr$ feet above ! riv]1 &
 9 ! enjoym5t ( ! mo/ surpris+ view we  
ev] saw4 ,! riv] ,wye takes a %>p turn  
r\nd ! foot ( ?is enorm\s projection1 n 
only w9d+ r\nd ! extremity1 b actually  
fl[+ d[n on "o side exactly z x fl[$ up 
on ! o!r1 leav+ ,simon's ,yatt z a sort 
( w$ge ins]t$ 9 its c\rse2 & pres5ts !  
extraord9>y effect ( ! same riv] at !   
same mom5t runn+ bo? nor? & s\?4 ,!     

summit ( ,simon's ,yatt is n above fifty
 feet wide1 & ! desc5t on "o side is    
p]p5dicul>1 %[+ ! riv] directly "u y\r  
feet1 & on ! o!r is ne>ly precipit\s1   
leav+ only room1 betwe5 its base & !    
riv]1 = a mo/ picturesque assemblage (  
cottages call$ ! ,new-,weir village4    
,directly 9 front is ! ri* level        
*ampaign1 conta9+ ! t[n ( ,ross at a    
consid]able di/ance1 ,goodri* ,priory1 &
 _m o!r resid5ces1 f ! feudal ,ca/le to 
! undat$ ,grange4 ,on ! horizon-l9e y   
recognise ,l$bury1 ! ,malv]n hills2 & ! 
:ole outl9e ( ! ,black m\nta9s4 ,on !   
"r1 :]e ! riv] c>e]s along 9 its backw>d
 c\rse1 y see ! int]m9able foliage ( !  
=e/ ( ,dean1 & ! ri* valleys (          
,glo'/]%ire4 ,a v h&some h\se1 ab\t a   
mile d[n ! riv]1 attract$ our att5tion4 
,x's a reg'l> good billet1 said ,mr     
,williams1 break+ (f f "s o!r piece (   
in=mation ) :i* he 0 regal+ ! idle w9d1 
= by ?is "t we _h acquir$ a p[] ( n he>+
 a ^w he said2 & x's a great %ame1 ! g5t
 z owns x nev] lives 9 x4 ,he is a v    

great man 9 =eign p>ts2 & ! ,pope is 8  
uncle4 ,s1 9 c\rse1 he always lives 9   
,france to be ne> 8 great relations4 ,no
 cross-exam9ation c\ld %ake 8 /atem5t ( 
?is g5ealogical curiosity2 s we look$ ) 
increas$ int]e/ on ! mansion ( ! ,pope's
 nephew1 ^: pr9cipal m]it by ! by1 9 ,mr
 ,william's eyes1 01 t he _h once       
furni%$ him ) a coracle4 ,aft] gratify+ 
our eyes = a long "t ) ! surpris+       
prospect1 we f\nd a nice %ady spot 9 a  
plantation at a little di/ance2 spread  
%awls & cloaks ^u ! grass1 & 7 soon     
engag$ 9 ! my/]ies ( cold meat1         
h>d-boil$ eggs1 an excell5t salad1 &    
,gu9ness's port]--n to m5tion a         
beautiful gooseb]ry t>t & sp>kl+        
g+]-be]4 ,"s fea/s h be5 m spl5did1 & "s
 p]haps m season$ ) eloqu5ce &          
wisdom--b1 z ! ,vic> ( ,wakefield says (
 ! unit$ p>ty ( ! ,primroses & !        
,flambor\ghs1 ,if !re 0 n mu* wit among 
! company1 !re 0 a great deal ( laught]1
 & t did j z well4 ,s we laugh$ a good  
h\r among ! %ady walks at ,simon's      

,yatt--manag$ = five :ole m9utes to /op 
our companion's conv]sation by fill+ 8  
m\? ) beef & port]1 di/ribut$ ! fragm5ts
 among a hungry & admir+ population ( "y
 coal-heav]s :o look$ on--l a gr\p />t+ 
out ( ,murillo's pictures--& ) empty    
baskets & joy\s he>ts set (f on our     
homew>d way4 ,we glid$ at our own sweet 
w d[n ! riv]1 ex*ang$ ! b>k = our       
ple?oric gig1 & 9 due c\rse ( "t1 aft]  
twelve />ts at ! twelve mile/ones1      
arriv$ 9 safety at our home4  ,by ?is "t
 !re 7 no symptoms left ( defici5t heal?
 & /r5g?--! invalid w\ld h done = an    
honor>y memb] ( ! club ( fat p record$ 9
 ! ,spectator2 & we look$1 ) disda9 on !
 level t]ritory on ! banks ( ! ,usk1 &  
long$ = hills to climb1 & walls to get  
ov]1 & rocks to ov]come1 l              
knights-errant 9 se>* ( adv5tures4 ,no  
walk 0 too great = u4 ,we ?\ght (       
*all5g+ ,capta9 ,b>clay to a mat* aga9/ 
"t1 or ( travell+ ?r\gh ,engl& z !      
,p$e/rian ,wond]s4 ,walk]1 ! twop5ny    
po/man1 w\ld h _h no *ance aga9/ u4 ,s1 

m]ely by way ( practice1 we />t$ (f "o  
day1 ) /raw-hats & %ort summ] frocks1 & 
e o!r accompanim5t ( a pr(ess$          
p$e/rian's turn-out1 & away we w5t on a 
pilgrimage to ! *ur*y>d ( ,llanvair     
,kilgid54 ,?r\gh ri* fields ( grass we  
saunt]$--ov] /iles we leapt--?r\gh h$ges
 we da%$--& occasionally became prosaic 
en\gh to walk on = half a mile or s 9 a 
c\ntry lane1 b g5]ally we pref]r$       
trespass+ ?r\gh a corn-field1 & los+ our
 way 9 se>*+ = a %ort cut across a      
plantation2 & at la/1 aft] _m hairbread?
 'scapes--aft] be+ t]rifi$ by ! bell[+ (
 a bull1 :i* turn$ out to be a s5tim5tal
 c[ giv+ v5t to h] agitat$ feel+s 9 :at 
somebody calls a g5tle voice & l[--aft] 
ne>ly los+ half ! p>ty by ! fai?lessness
 ( a plank t cross$ a dit* t sw>m$ ) an 
innum]able multitude ( tadpoles--aft]   
surpass+ ^!1 & _m o!r p]ils1 we at la/  
got into ! quiet road t leads f ,p5ty   
,goitre bridge d[n to ! *ur* (          
,llanvair--a l>ge1 solemn-look+ *ur*y>d1
 ornam5t$ ) a goodly array ( spl5did    

yew-trees1 & boa/+1 at "s =m] p]iod1 a  
maje/ic /one cross1 n[ ( c\rse defac$1 &
 ! v squ>e x /ood ^u moss-gr[n & 9 ru9s4
 ,! *ur* itself is a pla9 quiet         
/ructure1 b ! sylvan beauty & peaceful  
seclusion ( ! situation _c be surpass$4 
,we measur$ ! great yews1 & sev]al ( !m 
7 tw5ty-f\r or tw5ty-five feet 9        
circumf]5ce at f\r feet f ! gr\nd4 ,!re 
7 "s graves enclos$ 9 rail+s1 & surr\nd$
 by ev]gre5s & rose-trees2 & ! s5tim5t (
 ! place 0 n de/roy$ by a few nibbl+    
%eep t cropp$ ! %ort grass on ! graves  
:]e ! rude =efa!rs ( ! hamlet slept4 ,c 
! sepul*ral muses h f\nd _! way to s    
remote a di/rict z ?is8 ,h afflictions  
sore & va9 physicians obta9$ a sculptor 
among ! head/ones ( ?is out-(-!-way     
place8 ,we made a survey ( !            
inscriptions1 z a v sure guide to ! /ate
 ( education among ! peasantry1 & are   
compell$ to confess t ! s*oolma/] _h    
decid$ly gone abroad4 ,ev5 monum5ts ( "s
 pret5sion to gr&eur1 ) full-*eek$ *]ubs
 on ! sides1 & solid /ones on ! top1    

(f]$ no bett] specim5s ( spell+ &       
composition t ?is3--      ,lad5 ) age my
 ye>s !y flew--     ,! ,"l is holy1 j1 &
 trew4   ,& on ! slab1 ov] a *ild ( ?ree
 ye>s old1 ! foll[+ pi?y obs]vation3--  
,if life & c>e c\ld dea? perv5t1     ,my
 days w\ld n s soon be5 sp5t4   ,!      
sculptor1 9 _m in/ances1 7be+ tir$      
probably ( *isell+ ! same words ov] &   
ov]17 _h attempt$ an improvem5t by alt]+
 ! arrangem5t ( ! l9es1--an +5i\s device
 on 8 "p1 & a pleas+ puzzle to !        
spectator3--      ,a t5d] husb& & a fa!r
     de>1 a fai?ful fri5d lies     buri$
 he>1 he 0 true &     j 9 all 8 ways1 he
 d     des]ve ?is wor!y praise4   ,to ! 
memory ( ,m>g>et1 wife ( ,john ,hall1   
appe>$ "s l9es ( a sup]ior k9d1 ) :i* we
 nev] met else:]e3--      ,y see ar\nd  
me ri*] neighb\rs lie     ,z deep & /ill
 9 ?is cold gr\nd z ,i2     ,f ease &   
pl5ty !y 7 call$ away--     ,c\ld ,i 9  
l+]+ sickness wi% to /ay8     ,:5 fai?  
supports ! body worn ) pa91     ,to live
 is no?+ b to die is ga94   ,b z if to  

%[ t ! muse _h made a v fly+ visit to ! 
hamlet1 & _h left ! mason1 on ! next    
occasion1 to 8 own unassi/$ g5ius1 !    
epitaph on two o!r memb]s ( ! same      
family runs ?us3--      ,:5 9 ! _w we   
did rema91     ,our latt] days 0 grief &
 pa91     ,b ,god above he ?\ght x be/  
,to take we to a place ( re/4   ,:at c x
 be t induces p1 :o 7 probably z        
unpoetical z ,audrey 9 _! lives1 to wi% 
! ornam5t ( v]se ^u _! tomb/ones8 ,!    
effect mu/ be almo/ ludicr\s ^u ^? :o 7 
acqua9t$ ) ! liv+ individual1 to he> !  
long res\nd+ m>* & en]gy div9e ( h]oics 
& ,alex&r9es proce$+ f him1 n[ he is    
dead4 ,philosophy put by ! epitaph-writ]
 9 ! m\?s ( a *aw-bacon--moral          
reflections on ! lovel9ess ( virtue 9 ! 
m\? ( a poor-law ov]se]--& noble        
incitem5ts to foll[ a good example 9 !  
m\? ( ! bully or drunk>d ( ! p>i%1 mu/  
be f> f useful to ! surviv+ g5]ation4   
,we !re=e highly approve ( ! rem>ks ( a 
s5t5ti\s g5tleman 9 ?is *ur*y>d1 :o     
seems to lay no great claim to          

extraord9>y m]it himself1 b fav\rs 8    
co-p>i%ion]s ) v useful advice3--       
,f>ewell1 va9 _w1 ,i've se5 en\gh ( !e1 
,& n[ am c>eless :at ?\ say'/ ( me1--   
,?y smiles ,i c\rt n1 nor ?y fr[ns ,i   
fe>2     ,my c>es are pa/2 my head lies 
quiet "h--     ,:at faults ?\ see'/ 9 me
 take c>e to %un--     ,look well at    
home2 en\gh !re's to be done4   ,by ! "t
 we _h transf]r$ ^! & o!r inscriptions  
to our note-book1 ! p>ty 7 refre%$ &    
ready = ! homew>d walk4 ,we got ov] !   
same /iles & und]w5t ! same dang]s z    
be=e1 & happily complet$ our voyage (   
discov]y to ! beautiful *ur*y>d (       
,llanvair4  ,day aft] day saw u all busy
 9 f]ret+ out f9e views or old          
manor-h\ses--! little ,skirrid or old   
,llangattock4 ,sometimes we cross$ !    
riv] & w&]$ ?r\gh ! delici\s lanes (    
,llanov]1 or pass$ ?r\gh ,llanell5 on   
our way to ! ,blor5ge4 ,z our c\rage &  
/r5g? exp&$1 we tri$ bold] flights--sp5t
 a day among ! smoke & ?und] ( !        
,nantiglo ironworks--) processions (    

?\s&s ( m5 hurry+ (f amid/ music1 & %\ts
 ( ! mo/ trem5d\s l\dness1 to a d9n] at 
_! club4 ,great1 h>d-featur$1           
savage-look+ fell[s !y 71 ?\gh 9 _!     
holiday attire1 & accompani$ by "o or   
two ( ! ,bailey family--! real iron k+s 
( ! neighb\rhood2 & a sight ( _! grim   
features & brawny arms gave u a m vivid 
respect = ! c\rage ( ,sir ,?omas        
,philips1 :o drove !m back f ! sack &   
massacre ( ,newport2 & also a cle>] idea
 ( ! almo/ ju/ifiable h>dihood ( !      
wor%ipful ,mi/] ,fro/1 9 ?9k+ t ) t5 or 
twelve ?\s& s\ls1 made ( fire1 & *ildr5 
( ! m9e1 he c\ld upset ,old ,engl&1 & be
 himself ! legitimate successor ( ,k+   
,coal4  ,ano!r day we sp5t among ! ru9s 
( ,llantony ,abbey1 "o ( ! f9e/ rema9s (
 ecclesia/ical ar*itecture 9 ! k+dom4 ,!
 p]son :o owns ! gr\nd & ! ru9s1 is a   
poet1 a philosoph]1 a s*ol>1 s at lea/  
he wi%es to be ?\ght2 b f ! condition ( 
! abbey1 7a small pot-h\se protrud+ its 
vulg> sign f "o ( ! noble entrances1 & a
 skittle-gr\nd be+ e/abli%$ 9 ! ma9     

aisle--desolation1 neglect1 & dirt9ess  
all ar\nd17 we =m$ no v high e/imate ( !
 ta/e or feel+ ( ,mr ,walt] ,savage     
,l&or4 ,if he _h no high] object ?an    
m]ely to keep up ! beauty ( ! build+1 y 
might expect t he w\ld h gu>d$ x f !    
degradation ( be]1 tobacco1 & ,briti%   
spirits4 ,a man ( a poetical m9d w\ld h 
tak5 c>e to prev5t su* mis]able         
associations z are suppli$ by a tap &   
skittle-gr\nd2--a p]son ( l(ti] & pur]  
s5tim5ts w\ld h %[n m rev]5ce = ! g5ius 
loci1 & w\ld h rememb]$ t ! walls 7 once
 vocal ) ,*ri/ian pray]s1 & t :at 9 o!r 
in/ances w\ld be only neglig5ce1 is     
pr(anation "h4 ,b probably ! innkeep]   
pays 8 r5t regul>ly1 & we hope w be made
 ! int]locutor 9 an imag9>y conv]sation 
) ! la/ abbot ( ,llantony4  ,! object we
 _h 9 com+ into ,wales 0 n[ entirely    
ga9$2 & aft] t5 weeks mo/ happy w&]+s   
ov] hill & dale1 & con/antly brea?+ !   
cle> fre% air ( ,monm\?%ire1 we pack$ up
 bag & baggage1 & return$ to our home ) 
a /ock ( heal? laid 9 = w9t] use1 :i* w 

keep u con/antly 9 m9d ( ! b5efits we   
d]iv$ f *ange ( sc5e4     ,,neapolitan  
,,sket*es4  ,,g>d5 ,,( ,,! ,,villa      
,,reale4   ,?is g>d5--:i*1 dur+ ! w9t]  
mon?s1 is ! l\nge ( ! ,engli% idl] at   
,naples1 & !n looks z fl[]less & d+y z  
,k5s+ton 9 an ea/ w9d--assumes a v      
diff]5t appe>ance 9 spr+4 ,on ! #g? (   
,may1 we1 :o _h pass$ ! w9t] at ,rome1 7
 at once /ruck ) ! brilliancy ( unusual 
blossoms1 & ! numb] ( di/+ui%$ vegetable
 =eign]s :o lift$ _! heads out (        
p>t]res1 ( ! v exi/5ce ( :i* 9 w9t] "o  
is sc>cely consci\s4 ,! =mal l9e ( clipt
 ,ilex t looks t[>ds ! sea1 _h *ang$ its
 dusky hue = a w>m] t9t2 /atues t _h be5
 do+ s5t9el all ! w9t] )\t relief1 n[   
seem to b5d delight$ ov] fragrant       
fl[]-b$s1 & enjoy ! spr+4 ,two high     
%rubs 9 fl[] 7,metresiglias7 hoi/ f     
opposite b$s1 ! "o its :ite1 ! o!r its  
r$ bann]4 ,two ( ! ,muses1 ! ,speciosa &
 ,p>avisogna1 or bread-tree plant1 7    
rais+ _! light spiry trunks out ( a     
corbeille tall] ?an a life-gu>dsman4 ,!y

 want no ho?\se 9 ,naples3--w\ld y %ade 
y\r face f ! sun1 an else:]e exotic1 !  
,brazilian ,cam>otta at y\r feet1       
furni%es y ) a scre54 ,! :ite flocks ( !
 ,acacia v]ticillata are peep+ out f !  
ranks ( ^? small triangul> leaves1 :i*  
are s s+ul>ly atta*$1 )\t /alks1 by "o (
 ^! angles to ! /em4 ,amid/ ^! pleasant 
p]fumes camphor w\ld be unwelcome1 b !re
 is ! laurel t yields x4 ,f5nel has "h  
become a tree1 9 :i*1 l ! mu/>d ( !     
,gospels1 ! f[ls ( ! air may lodge2 we  
are dw>fs beside x6 ,?ree k9ds ( ! s(t1 
slimy ,mall[ ( ! ,m>% are "h s mu*      
,,woody & s tall1 t we mu/ pick _! fl[]s
 on tiptoe4 ,! flatt5$ disk ( ! sky-blue
 ,nana arborea contra/s ) ! ,betula     
sangu9ea1 gl[+ deeply 9 ! fl[]-b$ ( _m  
light]-col\r$ petals2 ! sweet-sc5t$     
,african laurel gr[s aga9/ ! long-leaf$ 
,babylonian will[1 :i* susurrates       
droop+ly ov] y\r head1 z if x 7 by !    
wat]s ( ,babylon4 ,! f\nta9s1 ) _!      
hydrophil\s tribes1 add to ! *>m2 & _m a
 beautiful ,laun>ia aquatica _h already 

buoy$ himself up on 8 l>ge cordate      
leaves on ! surface ( ! tazza1 & 0 fill+
 8 vegetable sk9 ) wat]4 ,all ^!        
beauties & peculi>ities1 a m]e scantl+ (
 ! :ole ( ! ,villa ,reale1 escape !     
l\ng]1 & ! nurs]ymaids1 & *ildr51 & ^? (
 ei!r sex :o h appo9tm5ts to keep1 or to
 look out =2 & ! soldi]s1 & ! police1 & 
! ,neapolitan nobility & g5try1 & !     
pickpockets1 & o!rs3--to ! nurs]yman &  
botani/1 ?+s n to be =gott52 & at pres5t
 ! wea!r is n too hot to int]f]e ) _!   
enjoym5t4   ,,s]vi ,,di ,,p5a4  ,at     
,ca/el ,nuovo1 a p5al settlem5t (       
,naples1 we held conv]sation ) a man    
s5t5c$ to ! galleys1 & we>+1 accord+ly1 
a yell[ jacket2 b yell[ is n "h1 z at   
,leghorn1 ! deepe/ dye4 ,"h1 x is r$    
clo? & manacles t g toge!r4 ,we ask$ him
 8 crime4 ,un piccolo omicidio4 ,a small
 homicide1 provok$ by a dispute = a s+le
 ducat6 ,i qu>rell$ ) a man n[ 9        
p>adise4 ,i kill$ him at "o /ab1 b !    
devil possess$ me to give him ano!r     
colpo di coltello aft] he _h fall52 & z 

! judges ask$ me :y ,i did ?is1 & ,i    
c\ld n p]fectly satisfy !m1 !y conclud$ 
,i 0 a sangu9>y fell[1 & gave me eighte5
 ye>s galleys--b1 z y see1 ,i h no *a9s2
 nor ev] _h--mai6 mai6 & he ext5d$ 8 h&s
 9 some:at ( ! attitude ( ,raphael's    
,paul be=e ,fe/us1 to suit ! action to !
 ^w4 ,no6 he 0 ( a v diff]5t ord] (     
crim9als to a boatful ( birboni 9 r$    
jackets1 all bad cases ( homicide &     
robb]y6  ,:at d y call bad cases8  ,:y1 
,i call x a bad case to kill a man =    
,,no?+4  ,well1 b !ft to any am\nt is n 
s bad z tak+ away life4  ,oh6 z to t1 ! 
police are q "r6 ,a dec5t & a dev\t man 
does n commit homicides e day3 b he t   
/eals at all1 /eals always6 ,s t our    
culprit reason$1 l ,paley1 on ! t5d5cy (
 crimes4 ,x 0 8 ,*apt] ( ! ,silv]       
,spoon1 ) a new exposition f ! m\? ( a  
,galeote6 ,& !y pluck m5 at ,cambridge =
 n gett+ up _! ,paley6 ,our             
philosophical crim9al seem$ satisfi$ ) 8
 lot4       ,we are n s badly (f aft]   
all3 we walk out ) an oblig+            

escort1 :o let u d pretty mu* z we l2 & 
all our "w is      conf9$ to sweep+ !   
c\rts 9 front ( ! k+'s palace4 ,we      
are free ( ! ca/le1 & all[$ to conduct  
/rang]s ov] x1      z 9 y\r case4 ,oh6 =
 ! fell[s at ,/ ,/efano1 x is q         
ano!r matt]2 z a "p ( _! puni%m5t1 !y   
are      compell$ to be idle6   ,our    
rascal 0 all[$ a new coat once e eighte5
 mon?s1 ) two pair ( draw]s & z _m      
%irts1 & a p5ny a-day = pocket-money6   
,^! piccoli omicidii at home d n get (f 
s *eap1 b /abb+ is endemic at ,naples4  
,:5 a que5 ( ,naples br+s ! ,neapolitans
 a new pr9ce--great joy ( c\rse6--all ! 
p5al settlem5ts except ,/ ,/efano       
receive ?ree ye>s' mitigation ( _!      
s5t5ce2 b ! crimes t consign to t isl&  
are s5za grazia--! rays ( royal b\nty d 
n rea* ^? d>k & solit>y cells4 ,! ,/    
,/efano convicts =m a body ( ?ree hundr$
 doom$ m51 incorrigible h\sebreak]s or  
sy/ematic assass9s4 ,! food ( all       
classes ( crim9als is ! same1 :atev] !  
(f5ce1 & consi/s ( tw5ty-f\r ounces (   

bread1 ) half-a-p9t measure ( beans & "s
 oil--a bas9 ( cabbage s\p1 )\t meat1 = 
d9n]1 & meat once 9 f\rte5 days3 !re are
 eight ?\s& out-(-doors convicts1 _m (  
:om be+ "u s5t5ce = a less space ?an two
 ye>s1 "w 9 _! own clo!s--:i* is1 (     
c\rse1 a consid]able sav+ to gov]nm5t4  
,al?\gh all ! galley-slave e/abli%m5ts  
are full1 no place sw>ms l ,naples ) s  
_m m]itori\s c&idates = ! r$ & yell[    
liv]ies ( ! /ate4   ,,/ ,,c>lo1 c4  ,/  
,c>lo is1 z ! guide-books tell u1 a v   
f9e !atre4 ,:at we p>ticul>ly l1 is !   
abs5ce ( all side-lights r\nd its boxes4
 ,two hundr$ burn]s1 arrang$ 9 ?ree r[s 
r\nd a small *&eli]1 give j light en\gh 
to set (f ! f9e *a/5$ :ite & gold1 & !  
"o quiet fresco :i* embelli%es ! ceil+4 
,a pit ( va/ size1 divid$ into com=table
 sitt+s1 six ti]s ( boxes1 & an or*e/ra 
( great space1 suit$ to ! extraord9>y   
size ( ! h\se1 secure a f> less         
adult]at$ playh\se atmosph]e ?an we are 
us$ to2 & s exempt f ! ord9>y           
inconv5i5ces1 t we 7 able to sit out !  

,semiramide1 ev5 ) ,ronzi di ,begnis1 n[
 old & out ( keep+1 = ! h]o9e4 ,surely  
%e nev] %\ld h be5 ,semiramis1 ev5 9 h] 
palmy day6 ,actors & actresses w n "k t 
words writt5 = !m1 sc5]y & dresses      
adapt$ = !m1 & attitudes inv5t$ = !m1 c 
nev] make !m ! p]sonages m5tion$ 9 !    
playbill4 ,on return+ home1 we /ood at  
our balcony gaz+ on ! lovely face ( a   
true ,naples night--a night beyond      
description6--! :ole vault ( heav5      
light$ by "o light3 a full moon1 l a    
subdu$ sun%9e ov] e>? & wat]4 ,a _w (   
light1 t %one on a _w ( d>kness1 t++ !  
air1 gild+ ! m\nta9-tops1 & mak+ ! sea  
run l melt$ phosphorus4 ,& :at a sil5ce 
abroad6 n ! p]il\s cessation ( s\nd :i* 
s (t5 only anticipates ! /orm2 nor !    
sultry /illness ( an exhau/+ noon2 b a  
mighty & godlike display1 z x 71 ( !    
fir/ full moon aft] creation %9+ on an  
entranc$ _w6   ,,pozzuoli4  ,an         
amphi!atre is "o ( ^? few ru9s t leave  
no problem to solve4 ,"h we h a grey    
antiquity )\t any mutilation ( =m1 &    

m]ely spoliat$ ( its b5*es4 ,! patron   
sa9t ( ,naples 01 !y say1 imprison$ "h4 
,a little *apel asc]ta9s ! spot1 b he   
does no miracles on ?is ar5a4 ,:5 we    
come to temples1 we are always at a     
great loss = proprietors4 ,! v l>ge "o  
"h is call$ ( ,jupit] ,s]apis4 ,! rema9+
 columns ( ?is temple1 :atev] x 01      
exhibit a v rem>kable appe>ance4 ,?ree  
pill>s1 =ty-two feet 9 height1 up to    
ab\t twelve feet above _! p$e/als1 h !  
surface ( ! m>ble z smoo? z any 9 !     
,=um2 !n comes a portion ( n9e or t5    
feet1 ( :i* ! m>ble has be5 bor$1 drill$
 9 all directions1 by t p]sev]+ bivalve 
! ,li?odomus2 ! p]=ations are s         
consid]able1 & g s deep1 z to prove !   
long-cont9u$ abode ( ^! animals )9 !    
/one1 & by consequ5ce1 z ,mr ,lyell     
obs]ves1 a long-cont9u$ imm]sion ( !    
columns 9 ! sea at "s p]iod rec5t1      
comp>atively1 ) t ( its erection4       
,inde$1 !re is abundant evid5ce adduc$ 9
 ! f\r? volume ( 8 ,geology to %[1 t all
 ?is gr\nd 0 at a no v di/ant p]iod "u !

 sea1 l ,monte ,nuovo 9 its             
neighb\rhood1 & 0 ?ru/ out ( ! wat] to  
its pres5t level4 ,:5 ! gr\nd on :i* ?is
 temple /ood1 collaps$1 ! bottom "p (   
its columns 0 protect$ by ! rubbi% (    
decay$ build+s & /rata ( turf2 ! middle 
or p]=at$ "p 0 left expos$ to ! action (
 ! sea bivalves above allud$ to2 & !    
upp] "p1 :i* 0 nev] "u ! wat]1 rema9$   
smoo? & free f p]=ation4 ,b ^! columns n
 only prove by int]nal evid5ce ! g5]al  
fact ( ! gr\nd on :i* !y /& hav+ be5    
subm]g$--!y also furni% an exact measure
 ( ! degree to :i* x sunk2 viz4 tw5ty   
feet--i4e4 ! height :]e ^! p]=ations    
t]m9ate at pres5t4 ,y c only cross !    
floor ( ?is build+ on /epp+-/ones2 & z y
 d s1 y see %oals ( small sea-fi% d>t+  
ab\t 9 ! %all[ wat] :i* occupies its    
area1 into :i* ! sea has be5 admitt$ on 
purpose1 to prev5t ! accumulation ( !   
/agnant wat] t _h infect$ ?is p>ticul>  
spot ) int5se mal>ia4   ,,bai4  ,we took
 a hot ba? "u ! soi-disant villa (      
,lucullus4 ,/eam1 sulphur1 & hot wat]1  

may be _h *eap any :]e along ?is coa/4  
,an awful place x 0 to ent] nak$1 & be  
kept 9 ! d>k1 /ifl+1 z we 71 = "s       
seconds :i* seem$ m9utes1 till our guide
 return$ ) a milord's dress+-g[n1 :i* he
 assur$ u _h be5 hung up z a votive (f]+
 = cur$ rheumatism4 ,be+ c&idates       
ourselves = a simil> b5efit1 we desir$  
to be rubb$ d[n l milord1 till alum9\s  
p]spiration /ood ?ick ^u u1 ! alum be+  
deposit$ f ! walls & atmosph]e ( !      
place4 ,we 7 soon oblig$ to beg = qu>t]4
 ,! milord1 ^: dress+-g[n we 7 possess$ 
(1 0 s bad z to be oblig$ to be rubb$   
sitt+2 b s p[]ful is ! rem$y1 t aft]    
fifte5 su* sitt+s1 he walk$ r\nd ! lake 
7two miles71 & w5t home 9 8 c>riage     
gu]ito6 ,su* ba?s6 t _h cur$ he knew n  
h[ _m p]sons3--      ,m5 :o'd sp5t all  
^u physician's fees1     ,:o'd nev]     
slept1 nor _h a mom5t's ease1     ,7 n[ 
z roa*es s\nd1 & all z brisk z          
bees6--,,crabbe4   ,:at ) its hot wat]1 
sulphur1 vap\r1 & alum1 we too %\ld h   
fanci$ ,naples might h be5 comp>atively 

exempt f rheumatisms & sk9 diseases1 9  
bo? ( :i* x ab\nds4   ,,lucr9e ,,&      
,,av]nus ,,lakes4  ,f ! sea & its inlet 
call$ ! ,lucr9e ,lake1 we pass along a  
pleasant gre5 lane1 ab\t a mile long1   
:i* issues on ,av]nus1 ^: wat]s we f9d  
bo? limpid & cle>2 b are in/ruct$ t two 
mon?s lat] w *ange !m to a d>k-r$ col\r1
 & t ! neighb\rhood w !n become v       
mal>i\s & unsafe4 ,a piece ( semicircul>
 wall on "o side ( ! lake1 indicates !  
:]eab\ts ( a temple ( ,pros]p9e1 or     
,apollo1 or any god or goddess y please4
 ,we 7 s absurd z to pay a scudo to be  
tak5 ?r\gh a vile tunnel1 accompani$ by 
two tor*-be>]s1 & two o!r dirty wret*es1
 :o (t5 c>ry u pick-a-back ?r\gh "o     
black hole into ano!r1 spla%+ u ?r\gh   
d>k pools1 putt+ u d[n "h & !re z !y    
pleas$1 pick+ u up aga91 gr9n+ l demons1
 & by d9t ( %ak+ _! tor*es above1 &     
di/urb+ ! wat] bel[1 rais+ f\l smells   
en\gh to intoxicate fifty ,sybils4 ,at  
l5g?1 half suffocat$ by ^? classical    
delights1 we cry ,en\gh6 en\gh6 & beg to

 be put into our saddles aga94 ,! ,/ufa 
di ,n]one1 a little fur!r on !          
high-road1 is ano!r volcanic calid>ium 9
 full activity1 :]e y may boil eggs or  
scald y\rself 9 a d>k cav]n4 ,!re y may 
deposit y\r mattrass & y\rself 9 any "o 
( a /ore ( b]?s wr\ght into t mo/       
unpicturesque tufa1 ( :i* ! ext]ior face
 con/itutes ! :ole ( ! sea view ( ,bai4 
,if ev] !re 7 decorations 9 ^! cav]ns1  
!y are gone2 b !re probably nev] 74     
,diana1 ,m]cury1 ,v5us1 & ,apollo all   
claim brick t5em5ts1 call$ temples1 9   
?is little bay1 all close toge!r on !   
seaside1 & none hav+ any claim at pres5t
 ei!r on ! arti/ or ! poet4  ,we quit ! 
seaside at ?is spot1 & rea* ! summit ( !
 hill above1 :]e !re is m tor*-"w & m   
disappo9tm5t = ^? t g a ,sybil-seek+ ) !
 six? book ( ,virgil = a guide4 ,^? :o l
 x may also grope _! way ?r\gh ,n]o's   
prisons1 & desc5d into ! ,pisc9a        
,mirabilis1 t va/ pila/]$ cell> l an    
und]gr\nd diss5t+ *apel4 ,!y say !      
,roman fleet 0 suppli$ ) wat] f ?is huge

 tank2 b if ?is _h be5 ! int5tion ( its 
con/ruction1 :y ob/ruct x ) m pill>s or 
supports ( squ>e masonry ?an ! ro(      
absolutely requir$1 )\t :i* incumbrances
 a res]voir ( half its size w\ld h held 
m wat]1--& = wat] x 0 evid5tly meant8   
,asc5d+ ! hill we see a man or two work+
 away at a newly-discov]$ tomb1 f :i* he
 told u he _h remov$ sev]al skulls 9    
p]fect pres]vation1 ev5 to ! tee? ( bo? 
jaws1 toge!r ) "s small sepul*ral lamps 
& old copp] co9s4 ,we d9e on ! summit ( 
a l[ hill1 imm$iately opposite a cape   
bett] kn[n to fame ?an ! ,cape ( ,good  
,hope--! promontory ( ,mis5um1 )        
,procida & ,is*ia on our "r1 & ,nisida )
 its :ite laz>etto1 & ,puteoli          
7,pozzuoli17 :]e ,/ ,paul l&$1 on our   
left4 ,we took to plant collect+ aft]   
d9n]1 & 7 glad to le>n t we %\ld f9d at 
,puzzuoli a celebrat$ botani/ ( !       
locality1 :o c\ld decl>e to u ! unkn[n (
 all we %\ld collect4 ,on our return1   
!re=e1 ! man ( sci5ce 0 fet*$ to look at
 our wild nose-gay & at u4 ,we %[ him a 

specim52 he calls x by "s outl&i% "n2 we
 tell him :at we want is its ,lat9 "o4  
,x is ,lat91 he says1 :i* he is actually
 speak+6 ,we ?\ght n4 ,a cr[d ( fi%]m5 &
 ru/ics are fa/ collect+ ar\nd u2 we try
 him ) ano!r "o ( ! grasses4 ,que/o     
asp>ago1 cries a bumpk91 unask$1 f      
beh9d4 ,*e asp>agi8 says il mio ,mae/ro1
  ,pimp9ella4 ,we %[ him a ,cytisus1 &  
he calls x a ,campanula4 ,see+ t s great
 a diff]5ce exi/s betwe5 our fri5d &    
,l9nu1 we ask no fur!r que/ions4  ,t5* &
 eels ab\nd 9 ,av]nus1 & coot & teal    
also blund] "h occasionally1 z if to    
contradict ,virgil & confute            
etymology--= ,av]nus is ,greek3 aornos  
7birdless17 & ,lat9is$ z e "o kn[s4     
,h[ev]1 few birds are to be f\nd "h4 ,! 
,lucr9e is n[ a m]e salt-wat] pond (    
small ext5t1 af=d+ ! little sea fi%1 9  
r\gh wea!r1 a sort ( playgr\nd4 ,no     
,lucr9e oy/]s n[1 ?\gh ^! da9ties are ( 
excell5t quality at ,naples1 & might h  
satisfi$ ,montanus himself4 ,z to ! ,m>e
 ,mortuum1 x is ano!r rank1 un:olesome1 

unpicturesque pond4 ,we walk$ all r\nd  
x1 & h a "r to say s2 &1 if we _h done s
 twice aft] sunset1 might p]*ance h _h  
to say m4   ,,procida4  ,ego vel        
,pro*ytam prpono ,suburr1 says ,juv5al1 
& s w\ld we if compell$ to live 9 t na/y
 ,/ ,giles's beyond ! ,coliseum2 b z !  
vel seems /rangely misappli$--= !       
situation ( ,procida mu/ always h be5   
delightful--! poet's pref]5ce mu/ be    
und]/ood z ( a dull unlively place1 )   
few inhabitants or res\rces1 to a d5se &
 dang]\s population4 ,bai itself is n   
?ree miles f ,procida2 b ! ,roman ,bai 0
 ?rong$ ) good society1 & ?is little    
isl& 0 d\btless !n z unpeopl$ z x is n[ 
popul\s4 ,procida is ab\t ?ree-f\r?s (  
an h\r's fair r[+ f ,m9iseol1 on !      
,baian side2 b y may run y\r boat ov] on
 a f9e day 9 half an h\r4 ,z y approa* !
 h\ses1 y disc]n ! n unpicturesque      
frontage ( a little fi%+ t[n2 b all is z
 revolt+ )9 z fair )\t4 ,some?+ ( !     
,greek or ,albanese co/ume is /ill      
pres]v$ "h1 & !y (f] to dress up "o ( _!

 families 9 full p>ure = our fur!r      
satisfaction1 if we w pay !m4 ,! view f 
! leads ( ! =t 7"u :i* ! galley-slaves  
are conf9$7 is f9e inde$6 ,is*ia &      
,vesuvius1 & ! :ole /ret* ( ! bay1 &    
,sorr5to1 & ! promontory ( ,m9]va4      
,procida builds good en\gh trad+        
vessels4 ,we saw two 9 ! h>b\r ( ,bai1 z
 we r[$ back on a delici\s ev5+ t[>ds   
sunset2 !y 7 go+ on a fir/ voyage1 b\nd 
= our ,london docks2--&  propos ( !     
,london docks1 all ?is c\ntry is1 z x   
always 01 ri* 9 productive v9ey>ds & bad
 w9e4 ,e hill once gave its own epi!t to
 w9es celebrat$ 9 longs & %orts (       
immortal celebrity1 :]eas ! l& r\nd     
,rome c\ld nev] h be5 v9if]\s4 ,y may   
/ill dr9k ,fal]nian1 if s m9d$1 on its  
native seat ( ,/ ,aga?a4 ,! w9e (       
,gaurus has n des]t$ ,monte ,bab>o1 &   
,la*ryma1 ?\gh n classical1 has its own 
celebrity2 & ! isl&s ( ,is*ia & ,procida
 also produce a /rong1 heat+1 :ite w9e4 
,b !re is n any w9e1 f ! ,alps to       
,mess9a1 to be comp>$ to ^? ( ! ,g>onne1

 & ! ,rh9e1 or ! ,moselle4 ,! ,b>b>ians 
subdu$ by ! ,roman legions h long _h x  
all _! own way1 n only 9 ?is1 b 9 e o!r 
good ?+ except sun%9e2 b ! v9e1 gr[+ z x
 gr[s1 susp5d$ z x is susp5d$1 & wrea!d 
r\nd ! hills ( ,italy1 is /ill ! plant  
:i* secures ! l\de/ admiration ( !      
=eign]4 ,! v9e ( ,italy = ev]6--s we jo9
 ! *orus ( all travell]s1 & say-till x  
lies bruis$1 ble$+1 f]m5t+ 9 ! vat6 !n  
comm5d u to ! ,bac*us ( l&s f> ne>]     
home4 ,& "h1 feel+ ourselves call$ ^u = 
a song1 we w s+ "o4           ,a        
,,v9tage ,,song4      ,,abridg$ ,,f     
,b,,rang]4      ,amid/ ! ,celtic hordes 
( old     ,t ga!r'd r\nd 8 wayworn b&1  
,! cumbr\s booty to behold     ,br\ght f
 ,ausonia's sunny l&1     ,?us ,br5nus  
spake--',?is lance ( m9e     ,be>s      
,rome's be/ gift--,behold--! ,v9e6      
,plant1 plant ! ,v9e1 to ^: fair reign  
belong         ,! arts ( ,peace1 & all !
 realms ( ,song6      ',!y told u ( its 
wondr\s juice2     ,we f\ght to ta/e x1 
& h won6     ,n[ o'er y\r hills new     

weal? diffuse     ,& *]i% well !        
w>rior's boon4         ,plant1 plant !  
,v9e1 c4      ',nor = ourselves alone we
 tore     ,t /em away2 y\r %ips %all be>
     ,! freight$ joy to _m a %ore1      
,& spread ! unkn[n gladness !re4        
,plant1 plant ! ,v9e1 c4'      ,he end$1
 & 9 face ( all1     ,:ile deep 9 e>? he
 /rikes ! lance     ,& plants !         
%oot--unconsci\s ,gaul     ,prep>es !   
_w's va/ v9ey>d--,france6#i   ,,!       
,,palace ,,( ,,cas]ta4  ,ab\t ?irte5    
miles f ,naples is "o ( ! f9e/ k+ly     
resid5ces 9 ,europe--s say all !        
guide-books1 & !y are "r4 ,vanvitelli is
 ! v ,mi*ael ,angelo ( palace-re>+6 ,its
 %ape is a p>allelogram approa*+ to a   
squ>e4 ,c\nt+ mezzan9es1 x has six      
/ories besides ! attics2 & is pi]c$ ) no
 less ?an #agjj w9d[s4 ,its /air1 ! v   
p]fection ( t sort ( con/ruction1 is va/
 9 all its dim5sions1 & s v easy1 t y   
look d[n f its summit admir+1 ) untri$  
lungs1 ! enorm\s height y h rea*$4 ,x   
/>ts d\ble f ! gr\nd1 & tw5ty p]sons    

might asc5t ei!r bran* abrea/1 & meet "o
 ano!r at ! spot :]e x beg9s to return  
^u itself2 s t ! noble octagonal l&+    
above f9ds itself j ov] ! />t+-place    
bel[4 ,f ?is po/ f\r l>ge w9d[s comm&   
f\r spaci\s c\rts1 & ! simple           
con/ruction ( ?is gigantic edifice /&s  
unveil$4 ,y n[ beg9 y\r j\rney ?r\gh    
va/1 l(ty1 magnific5tly m>bl$1 & v      
ill-furni%$ ap>tm5ts1 ( :i*1 be=e y h   
complet$ ! half circuit ( a s+le floor1 
y are he>tily tir$1 =1 beyond !         
ar*itecture1 !re is no?+ to see4 ,!     
commone/ brok]'s %op w\ld furni% bett]  
pictures4 ,bo>-hunts ( c\rse1 to        
repres5t h[ ,neapolitan k+s kill bo>s at
 ,portici1 & %oot wild-ducks on ! ,lago 
di ,fus9a4 ,!re is also an ample        
hi/orical fresco on ! ceil+ ( !         
ante*amb] to ! ?rone-room1 on :i* ,murat
 _h caus$ to be repres5t$ "s notable    
*>ge :]e he prov$ victori\s2 b aft] he 0
 %ot1 ,f]d9&1 ) great ta/e1 judgm5t1 &  
good feel+1 eras$1 int]polat$1 & alt]$ !
 picture into a h>mless battle (        

,trojans aga9/ ,greeks1 or "s su* ?+6 ,!
 palace has two !atres & a *apel2 & y   
mu/ *ange y\r conductor f\r times if y  
w\ld be l$ ?r\gh ! :ole4 ,= ?is enorm\s 
edifice boa/s ( only twelve s]vants1 at 
elev5 doll>s a-mon? f ! privy purse4    
,cas]ta1 :i*1 ev5 9 its pres5t imp]fect 
/ate1 has co/ #g1jjj1jjj scudi1 is rais$
 amid/ a sw>m ( paup]s1 :o are p]mitt$  
to besiege ! /rang]1 & imp$e 8 progress1
 ) an importunity su* z c\ld be %[n by  
none b m5 on ! eve ( fami%+4 ,we nev]   
saw su* a population ( begg>s z ^? :i*  
infe/ ! walls ( ?is mo/ sumptu\s palace 
& its p>k--b ! p>k is a p>k inde$6 ,x   
may h some?+ ( ! =mality ( ,v]sailles or
 ,*antilly2 b its lead+ features are    
ess5tially ,engli%2 its ?ickets & copses
 ab\nd 9 h>es & pheasants4 ,! ilex      
atta9s twice ! height we rememb] to h   
se5 x rea* else:]e4 ,its isl&s &        
fi%ponds1 its kit*5 & fl[]-g>d5s1 put "o
 9 m9d ( a fir/-rate ,engli%            
c\ntry-seat4 ,! ornam5tal wat] is fet*$1
 by an aqu$uct wor?y ( old ,rome1 f     

m\nta9s sev5 miles (f1 fir/ empty+ its  
:ole *>ge ov] a high l$ge ( rock1 mak+ a
 wat]fall 7:i* y see f ! draw+-room     
w9d[7 ov] a s]ies ( /eps & t]races1 :i* 
get wid] z !y get l[]1 till !y t]m9ate 9
 a sup]b bas9 )9 a qu>t] ( a mile ( !   
palace1 :]e ! wat] makes its la/ b\nd1 &
 =ms a broad lake fit = ,diana & h]     
nymphs1 amid/ woods fit = ,actaeon & 8  
dogs4 ,( c\rse we ask$ to be conduct$ to
 ^! /one t]races1 ov] :i* ! da% ( !     
m\nta9 /ream into ! lake is effect$3 b z
 we pass$ ! latt]1 we 7 surpris$ by our 
guide approa*+ ! wat]1 &1 beg9n+ to     
:i/le1 he begs u to obs]ve ! wat] beg9s 
to be tr\bl$ at a di/ance1 & ! m he     
:i/les ! m ! commotion increases4 ,t51  
tw5ty1 & 9 half a second hundr$s (      
imm5se fi% come troop+ up1 &1 undet]r$  
by our pres5ce1 approa* z ne> z !y d>e  
to ! surface ( ! wat] :]e he /&s2 !y    
swim backw>ds & =w>ds1 & la% ! wat] ) _!
 tails4 ,:at is ! matt]8 ,:y6 !y come to
 be f$6 & su* is ! f]oci\s impati5ce (  
?is aquatic m5ag]ie1 t we long to assi/ 

9 quell+ x2 & s we dip our h& into !    
man's basket ( frogs1 & drop a few "r   
ov] ! sw>m--& n[ ! wat] is bubbl+ &     
la!r+ ) ! work+s & plung+s ( ^! mad fi%2
 & s l>ge are !y1 s /rong1 s num]\s1 t1 
all angl] z we are1 we really felt      
unpleasantly1 nor w\ld we1 aft] :at we  
saw1 h tru/$ h& or foot 9 ! doma9 ( su* 
%>k-l rapacity4 ,!y consume five        
basketsful ( frogs & m9n[s a-day4       
,except t ( ! ,cas]ta begg>s1 we nev]   
saw any ?+ l ! hung] ( ! ,cas]ta fi%4   
,,! ,,silk ,,manufactory4  ,! silk      
manufactory at ,cas]ta is wor? a visit4 
,! lab\r is *iefly accompli%$ by ! h&1 z
 is all lab\r 9 ,naples4 ,silk is w\nd  
(f into ske9s by a mill turn$ by !      
artificial falls ( ! aqu$uct4 ,at "o    
extremity y see ! unpromis+ cocoons2 at 
! o!r ! mo/ r>e & beautiful velvets &   
gros de ,naples4 ,! locality ( ?is      
manufactory is delightful1 & ! old que5 
pref]r$ its com=ts & *e]fulness to !    
solit>y gr&eur ( ! palace 9 ! pla94 ,9  
place ( occupy+ & pay+ ! poor r\nd 8    

palace to make silk & sat9s = 8 c\rt & !
 ,pope1 ! pres5t k+ sp5ds 8 money 9     
gunp[d] & soldi]+4 ,!y accuse him ( hav+
 less compassion = ! mis=tunes ( ! poor 
?an ev5 8 fa!r ,francis1 or 8 gr&fa!r   
,f]d9& ( bless$ memory4 ,! view f ?is   
spot ( ! huge palace itself1 ) ,vesuvius
 smok+ to our "r1 & ,capri %9+ be=e x1  
is "o ( ^? n to be =gott54   ,,! ,,snake
 ,,tam]4  ,behold ! old snake-f9d] ) 8  
sack6 ,ola6 vec*io1 *e cosa avete       
pigliato que/' oggi8 0 a "q put f our   
"o-horse c>t1 till !n go+ at a great    
rate ?r\gh ! village ( ,somma1 to a     
little old man1 ) a humpback1 a sack1 & 
a l>ge %all[ box4 ,he 0 dress$ 9 a que] 
co/ume1 _h a wolf's bru% 9 8 hat1 &     
rem>kably tight-fitt+ lea!r legg+s4     
,tre6 fra altri una vip]a mes*ia4 ,oh6  
oh6 aspetta1 add$ we--we mu/ see ! vip]4
 ,^u :i* !re 0 a broad gr9 all r\nd !   
circle2 b ! driv] /opp$1 & d[n we got4  
,! old man1 see+ our int5tion to be     
s]i\s1 got a *air = u f a cottage1 &    
putt+ 8 box on 8 knee1 look$ kn[+1 & ?us

 began4  ,g5tlem51 y h all se5 a vip]1  
ba/a f]oce--a reptile t e "o runs f     
except me1 & ^? :o "k1 z ,i d1 h[ to    
hum\r him4 ,i h a vip] 9 ?is box :om ,i 
h s p]fectly tam$1 t he lives ) two     
o!rs1 & nev] qu>rels ) !m4 ,i w op5 !   
box1 &1 z y w see1 !y w all lie z if !y 
7 dead1 until ,i notice "o1 :5 he w put 
up 8 head t ,i may take him out4  ,he   
op5$ ! box1 :]e lay coil$1 & p]fectly   
/ill1 a spott$ vip]1 an imm5se black    
snake1 & "o v light & silv]y l an eel4  
,"h's my family1 said ! old man2 & cat*+
 ! vip] r\nd ! middle1 br\ght him out1  
:ile ! o!rs wriggl$ a little1 z if 9    
expectation ( be+ c>ess$ 9 _! turn4 ,?is
 animal1 signor1 is n s bad 9 8 temp] z 
y h be5 told4 ,x is only :5 he is mak+  
love t he is poison\s--to all b 8       
females2 b 9 ?is1 g5tlem51 he is sc>cely
 worse ?an _m ( y\rselves1 :om x is n   
safe !n to approa*4  ,bravo1 bravo1     
vec*accio6 ancora6 ,g x aga96 s\nds e   
:]e f ! circle collect$ r\nd ! old      
snake-*>m]4  ,if y tread ^u 8 tail1     

g5tlem51 :at c y expect b a bite8 ,w\ld 
n y bite if y _h y\r tails trodd5 on8   
,! vip] n[ rais$ 8 head1 & d>t$ x out1 )
 ab\t half ( 8 body beh9d x1 at ! cr[d4 
,! two ne>e/ peasants fell back4 ,!     
vip]1 miss+ 8 spr+1 turns r\nd to bite !
 h& t is hold+ him1 b no soon] t\*es x1 
?an (f x glides f ! horny f+]1 wriggl+  
bo? head & tail at a great rate4  ,he   
has be5 w>m$ by my h&1 sirs1 & wants to 
escape6 ,+rato6 ,come1 ,i h some?+ to   
tell y t ^! g5tlem5 mu/ n he>6  ,& he   
op5$ 8 mon?1 & ! vip] ?ru/ 8 head betwe5
 8 lips2 ^u :i* ! old man closes !m &   
makes believe to mumble ! horrid head1 !
 body appe>+ viol5tly convuls$1 z if x  
really suff]$ viol5ce4  ,he has lo/ 8   
tee?1 said "o1 & c't bite4  ,sicuro1    
said ano!r1 & began to yawn4  ,no1 said 
! old man1 8 tee? are all 9 8 head4 ,y  
d\bt x1 d y8 ,see "h1 !n4  ,& cat*+ him 
by ! head1 & draw+ d[n 8 l[] jaw1 hav+  
=c$ ! m\? to its full /ret*1 he drew !  
r$ surface ( 8 upp]-jaw sm>tly ov] !    
back ( 8 own h& two or ?ree times1 s z  

to br+ blood f six or sev5 orifices4    
,!n1 dry+ ! blood (f 8 h&1 he returns 8 
vip] to ! box1 & asks a baiocco = !     
exhibition4  ,:at's ! price ( y\r vip]8 
ask we4  ,two c>l9es1 excell5za4  ,"h1  
tie him up = me 9 my h&k]*ief4 ,:i* 0   
accord+ly done1 & we popp$ him into     
spirits ( w9e1 z a s\v5ir ( ,monte      
,somma1 & ( ! old man :om we saw h&l+   
him4  ,does he ga9 a livelihood by 8    
trade8 we enquir$4  ,he tea*es p h[ to  
cat* s]p5ts2 & by famili>iz+ !m ) !     
dang]1 !y "w 9 great] com=t1 & are n    
afraid ( go+ ov] any "p ( ,monte ,somma1
 :i*1 z x ab\nds 9 vip]s & snakes1 /ill 
det]s ! unpractis$ a little4 ,besides1  
!y l to see ! snake caught & exhibit$1 &
 e body gives him some?+4     ,a        
,,m$itation4       ,"s hidd5            
disappo9tm5t cl+s       ,to all (       
man--to all 8 s*emes1     ,& life has   
little fair x br+s1       ,save idle    
dreams4      ,! peace t may be ours     
to-day1       ,sc>ce he$ we1 look+ = !  
morr[2     ,! slight$ mom5ts /eal away1 

,& !n comes sorr[4      ,! light (      
promise t may gl[       ,:]e life %9es  
fair 9 bud or bloom1     ,ere fruit ha? 
rip5'd =? to %[1       ,is qu5*'d 9     
gloom4      ,! rapture s(te/ blu%       
imp>ts1       ,dies ) ! bloom t fades   
away1     ,& glory f ! wave dep>ts      
,at close ( day4      ,:]e we h g>n]'d  
up our he>ts1       ,& fix$ our e>ne/   
love & tru/1     ,! v life-blood !nce   
dep>ts1       ,& all is du/4      ,!n1  
,nature1 let u turn to !e2       ,= 9 ?y
 c\ntless *anges ?\     ,/ill be>e/     
immortality       ,^u !y br[4      ,?y  
seasons1 9 _! endless r\nd       ,(     
sun%9e1 tempe/1 calm or blight1     ,yet
 leave !e l an empress cr[n'd       ,)  
jewels bright4      ,?y v /orms are life
 to !e1       ',tis b a sleep ?y seem+  
dea?2     ,we see !e wake 9 fl[] & tree 
,at spr+'s s(t brea?4      ,we view !   
ru9 ( our y\?1       ,decay's wan trace 
on all we *]i%2     ,b ?\1 9 ?9e unfail+
 tru?1       ,can/ nev] p]i%4           
,j4,d4     ,,on ,,! ,,old ,,ye>4        

,) m\rnful tone ,i he> !e say1          
,alas1 ano!r ye> ha? sp$6     ,z if )9 t
 circlet lay       ,life's g>l& dead4   
,va9 ?\ght6 ,?y measure is n ,"t's2     
,n ?us yields life ea* gl[+ hue2        
,fair fruit may fall--! t5dril climbs1  
,& clasps anew4      ,"t ha? mute l&m>ks
 ( 8 own2       ,!y are n su* z man may 
raise2     ,n 8 ! rudely numb]'d /one   
,on life's broad ways4      ,! record   
measur+ 8 spe$       ,is b a %ad[ s(t]  
spread--     ,a br[n] leaf--a brok5 re$1
       ,or mildew %$4      ,& if 8      
footfall cru% ! fl[]1       ,h[ sweet ! 
spicy p]fume spr+s6     ,8 mildew /a9 ^u
 ! t[]       ,a glory br+s4      ,!n let
 ! murmur+ voice be /ill1       ,! he>t 
hold fa/ its treasure bright2     ,!    
he>? gl[s w>m :5 sunbeams *ill2         
,life ha? no night4                     
,j4,d4     ,,corali4       ,s(t-br['d1  
maje/ic ,corali6       ,?\ l a memory   
s]5e     ,seeme/ to me--or melody1      
,or moonlight sc5e4      ,) !e life 9   
s(t plumage glides1       ,z on ! ruffl$

 lake ! swan1     ,^: d[ny brea/ !      
/ruggle hides       ,t spe$s x on4      
,9 ?y fair pres5ce wakes no c>e2        
,h>% discords into music melt2     ,?y  
h>mony alone is !re--       ,alone is   
felt4      ,! he>t1 unsway'd by hope or 
dread1       ,safe hav5'd 9 a clime (   
balm1     ,nor *a9'd 9 ice1 nor         
tempe/-sp$1       ,lies rock'd 9 calm4  
,j4,d4     ,,biographical ,,sket* ,,(   
,,frank ,,abney ,,ha/+s4      ,man      
wrongs & "t av5ges1 & my "n     ,may =m 
a monum5t n all obscure4   ,! success ( 
! ,greek insurrection aga9/ ! ,turks1 is
 ! ev5t 9 contempor>y hi/ory conc]n+ :i*
 x is mo/ difficult to =m a precise &   
correct idea4 ,causes & effects seem1 to
 ! ord9>y obs]v]1 to be utt]ly          
disproportionate4 ,its progress set !   
calculations ( /atesm5 at defiance2 &   
:ile congresses1 ambassadors1 &         
protocols1 7 attempt+ to fett] x 9 "o   
direction1 x g5]ally advanc$ ) increas$ 
spe$ 9 "s o!r1 totally unexpect$4  ,x 0 
v natural t ! ,greeks %\ld take up arms 

to emancipate !mselves f ,turki%        
oppression1 ! mom5t a fav\rable         
opportunity pres5t$ itself2 b c]ta9ly1  
few =eign]s conceiv$ t ! "t !y select$  
af=d$ !m mu* *ance ( success4           
,kolocotroni1 h[ev]1 appe>s to h        
und]/ood ! int]nal condition ( !        
,ottoman empire r bett] ?an ,mett]ni*4  
,! unw>like habits ( ! majority ( !     
,greek population1 contra/$ ) ! milit>y 
feel+s ( ! ,turks1 & ) ! numb]s & val\r 
( ! ,ottoman armies1 r5d]$ _! cause     
desp]ate = "s ye>s1 ev5 9 ! op9ion ( _! 
mo/ en?usia/ic fri5ds4 ,! :ole progress 
( ! ,revolution 0 fill$ ) anomal\s      
occurr5ces2 & ! wisdom ( ! /atesman1 & !
 skill ( ! w>rior1 7 con/antly set at   
n\ght by ev5ts1 ! causes ( :i* h /ill   
be5 too g5]ally ov]look$ by !           
pr(essional politicians ( all nations :o
 mix 9 ! affairs ( ,greece4             
,unque/ionably1 !re=e1 !re exi/s mu* 9 !
 condition ( ! ,greek nation1 & 9 ! "* (
 ! p1 :i* has be5 completely misund]/ood
 by =eign]s4 ,nor d we ent]ta9 any hope 

( see+ ! affairs ( ,greece plac$ on a   
bett] foot+1 until ! ,greeks !mselves   
collect & publi% detail$ in=mation      
conc]n+ ! /ati/ics & ! adm9i/ration ( ! 
k+dom4  ,hi!rto1 n a s+le report ( any  
value has be5 publi%$ on any bran* ( !  
public s]vice2 s t ! =eign m9i/]s at    
,a!ns are1 f absolute want ( mat]ials1  
compell$ to conf9e _! active ex]tions = 
! good ( ,greece to recomm5d+ ,k+ ,o?o  
to *oose p>ticul> individuals1 devot$ to
 ! ,engli%1 ,fr5*1 or ,russian p>ty1 z !
 case may be1 to ! (fice ( cab9et       
m9i/]s4 ,n ev5 an army li/ has yet be5  
publi%$ 9 ,greece1 ?\gh ! ,hell5ic k+dom
 is 9 ! twelf? ye> ( its exi/5ce4 ,b z !
 publication ( an army li/ w\ld put "s  
re/ra9t on political jobb+ & m9i/]ial   
patronage1 ea* m9i/] leaves x to be done
 by 8 successor4  ,! fate ( all !       
=eign]s :o h tak5 an active "p 9 !      
,greek ,revolution is wor?y ( notice4   
,_m p]sons ( high1 & ( des]v$ly high1   
reputation emb>k$ 9 ! cause1 yet n "o ( 
! numb] add$ to 8 previ\s fame by 8     

exploits4 ,al?\gh ! names ( ,byron1     
,co*rane1 & ,capo d',i/rias appe> 9 !   
annals ( ,greece1 x is d\btful :e!r _!  
actions 9 ! c\ntry ex]cis$ any direct   
influ5ce on ! c\rse ( ev5ts4 ,we ?9k we 
may safely ass]t t !y did n1 & t ^!     
di/+ui%$ & able m5 7 all c>ri$ along by 
! curr5t ( ev5ts4 ,to u1 x appe>s t !   
fate ( ,greece w\ld h und]gone no *ange 
if ^! great m5 _h *ang$ places2--if     
,capo d',i/rias _h enact$ ! "p ( "l high
 admiral1 ,"l ,co*rane t ( comm&]-9-*ief
 at ,missolonghi1 & ,"l ,byron1 9 8 day1
 t ( presid5t ( ! ,greek republic1 ?+s  
w\ld h be5 little bett] & no worse4 ,!  
ambassadors ) _! treaties & protocols at
 ,london1 & ! admirals ) _! unt[>d ev5t 
at ,nav>91 7 almo/ z un=tunate z all o!r
 volunte]s 9 ! ,greek cause4 ,!         
ambassadors 7 occupi$ = ye>s 9 try+ to  
h9d] ! ,greek /ate f atta9+ ! =m x      
ultimately assum$2 &1 9 spite ( ! battle
 ( ,nav>91 ,ibrahim ,pa%a c>ri$ away f !
 ,peloponnesus an imm5se numb] ( ,greek 
prison]s1 9 ! v fleet ! alli$ admirals  

suppos$ !y _h de/roy$4  ,!              
insignificance ( individual ex]tions 9  
?is truly national ,revolution1 has be5 
equally rem>kable among ! ,greeks       
!mselves4 ,inde$ x has be5 made a       
capital *>ge aga9/ !m by /rang]s1 t no  
man ( di/+ui%$ tal5t has aris5 to direct
 ! de/9ies ( ! c\ntry4 ,p]haps !re is a 
worse feature ?an ?is prom95t 9 ! ,greek
 community1 & ?is is a disposition to   
calumniate :atev] little m]it may exi/4 
,"h aga91 h[ev]1 we _c refra9 f rem>k+1 
t a s+ul> resemblance may be trac$      
betwe5 ! conduct ( ! /rang]s 9 ,greece1 
& ! ,greeks !mselves4 ,a vice s         
pr$om9ant mu/ d\btless be n\ri%$ by "s  
inh]5t defect 9 ! con/itution ( society 
9 ,greece1 r ?an 9 ! *>act]s (          
individuals4  ,if no ,greek has succe$$ 
9 ga9+ a glori\s pre-em95ce by !        
,revolution1 we mu/ recollect t !       
=eign]s :o h visit$ ! c\ntry h contriv$ 
to bury !re all ! fame !y br\ght ) !m4  
,s+ul> too z x may appe>1 a love (      
qu>rell+ & a passion = calumny h be5    

f\nd to be z decid$ly *>act]i/ic ( !    
=eign]s 9 ,greece1 z ( ! natives4 ,!    
,philhell5es 7 notori\sly a mo/         
insubord9ate body2 ! ,engli% 9 ,greece h
 nev] be5 able to live toge!r 9 amity & 
concord2 ! ?ree ,european p[]s :o sign$ 
a treaty to aid & protect ,greece1 h    
r>ely be5 able to agree on ! means (    
c>ry+ _! good int5tions into execution  
on a sy/ematic plan4 ,! ,reg5cy s5t to  
civilize ! c\ntry dur+ ,k+ ,o?o's       
m9ority1 ?\gh consi/+ ( only ?ree       
memb]s1 set ! ,greeks an example ( :at !
 ,litany calls bl9dness ( he>t1 pride1  
va9-glory1 & hypocrisy1 envy1 hatr$1 &  
malice1 & all un*>itabl5ess4 ,! corps   
diplomatique has (t5 a/\nd$ ! ,greeks by
 its feuds & diss5sions4 ,! ,bav>ians   
made _! soj\rn 9 ! c\ntry "o prolong$   
qu]elle d',allem&e4 ,ev5 ! ,am]ican     
mission>ies at ,a!ns h n escap$ sev]e   
attacks ( ! univ]sal epidemic1 & dur+ ! 
p>oxysms ( ! malady h made all ,greece  
spectators ( _! qu>rels4#aj  ,! s+le    
exception :i* s (t5 occurs to confirm ! 

g5]al rul]1 exi/s 9 ?is case z 9 s _m   
o!rs4 ,"o ,european (fic] r5d]$ v       
important s]vices to ,greece1 & s       
conduct$ himself z to acquire ! respect 
& e/eem ( e p>ty 9 t s+ul>ly facti\s l&4
 ,?is (fic] 0 ,frank ,abney ,ha/+s2 b he
 always made x 8 rule ( life to act1    
amid/ ! lic5se & an>*y ( society 9      
,greece1 precisely z he w\ld h felt     
himself call$ ^u to act 9 simil>        
circum/ances1 c\ld !y h occurr$1 9      
,engl&4 ,we %all n[ attempt to erect a  
humble monum5t to 8 memory4 ,! pages (  
,maga h frequ5tly rescu$ mu* t is good f
 ! %ad[ ( oblivion2 &1 9 ?is in/ance1 we
 hope t a %ort acc\nt ( ! actions ( !   
be/ ( ! ,philhell5es w n only d hon\r to
 8 memory1 b w likewise ?r[ "s new light
 on ! hi/ory ( ! ,greek ,revolution4    
,frank ,abney ,ha/+s 0 ! y\ng] son ( !  
late ,lieut5ant-g5]al ,sir ,*>les       
,ha/+s1 ,b>t41 & 8 eld] bro!r ,sir      
,*>les ,abney ,ha/+s inh]it$ ! b>onetcy4
 ,! late ,sir ,*>les ,ha/+s 0 colonel ( 
! #ab? foot1 & knight gr& cross ( !     

,guelphic ord]2 he possess$ a l>ge      
=tune1 & he 0 well kn[n = 8 s+ul>ity at 
,c>lton ,h\se1 & 9 ! fa%ionable circles 
( ,london1 ab\t ! beg9n+ ( ! pres5t     
c5tury4 ,! pres5t b>onet1 ,sir ,*>les   
,abney ,ha/+s1 ent]$ ! army :5 "y1 b    
retir$ aft] hav+ s]v$ "s "t 9 !         
,m$it]ranean4 ,frank 0 born on ! #ad? ( 
,febru>y #agid1 & 0 plac$ 9 ! navy :5   
ab\t elev5 ye>s old4 ,h>dly six mon?s   
aft] he became a mid%ipman1 he 0 pres5t 
at ! battle ( ,trafalg> on bo>d !       
,neptune4 ,an explosion ( p[d] betwe5 ! 
decks ( ! ,neptune dur+ ! action1 by :i*
 sev]al m5 7 kill$ & w\nd$1 e>ly direct$
 8 att5tion to ! s]vice ( artill]y on   
bo>d %ip2 & ! sci5ce ( gunn]y became 8  
fav\rite /udy4 ,ha/+s 0 subsequ5tly s]v+
 9 ! ,seahorse :5 t frigate engag$ two  
,turki% m5-(-w>1 & captur$ "o ( !m1 :i* 
prov$ to be a frigate mu* l>g] ?an      
h]self4 ,dur+ 8 c>e] ( s]vice1 he visit$
 e qu>t] ( ! globe4  ,aft] hav+ s]v$    
ne>ly fifte5 ye>s1 he 0 s5t to ! ,we/   
,indies 9 comm& ( ! ,kang>oo1 a vessel  

de/9$ = ! survey+ s]vice1 c>ry+ out 8   
commission z comm&]4 ,on arriv+ 9 !     
h>b\r ( ,port-,royal1 9 ,jamaica1 he 0  
suppos$ to h br\ght ! ,kang>oo to an    
an*or 9 an improp] mann]4 ,! flag-capta9
 ( ! admiral's %ip1 !n 9 ! h>b\r        
consid]$ ?is (f5ce s extraord9>y1 t he  
took a /ill m extraord9>y mann] (       
express+ 8 dissatisfaction4 ,we _c give 
our read]s a bett] idea ( ! circum/ance 
?an by transcrib+ ! words ( a lett] :i* 
,ha/+s1 on 8 return to ,engl&1 address$ 
to ,"l ,melville1 !n fir/ "l ( !        
,admiralty4 ,he ?\ght prop] to hail me 9
 a voice t rang ?r\gh ! :ole (          
,port-,royal1 say+--',y h ov]lay$ our   
an*or--y ought to be a%am$ ( y\rself--y 
damn$ lubb]1 y--:o are y8' ,( c\rse su* 
an insult1 bo? p]sonal & pr(essional1   
c\ld nev] be ov]look$4 ,ha/+s1 h[ev]1   
feel+ ! importance ( any /ep he might   
take to 8 future reputation1 bo? z a    
sailor & a g5tleman1 wait$ until he _h  
deliv]$ up ! comm& ( ! ,kang>oo to !    
(fic] appo9t$ to conduct ! survey2 &    

hav+ receiv$ 8 commission z comm&]1 &   
be+ ready to return to ,engl& on        
half-pay1 he s5t a *all5ge to !         
flag-capta9 :o _h ?us insult$ him4  ,!  
admiral on ! /ation 01 by "s            
circum/ance1 in=m$ ( ?is *all5ge1 & on 8
 repres5tation ( ! affair to !          
,admiralty1 ,ha/+s 0 dismiss$ ! s]vice4 
,we %all conclude our m5tion ( ?is mo/  
un=tunate bus9ess by quot+ a few m words
 f ! lett] ( ,ha/+s to ,"l ,melville1   
:i* we h already allud$ to3--,i h s]v$  
f\rte5 ye>s "u v>i\s capta9s1 & on almo/
 all /ations4 ,i h c]ta9ly se5 great]   
errors committ$ be=e2 yet ,i nev] 0     
witness to su* language us$ to ! comm&] 
( a ,briti% vessel be>+ a p5dant4 ,y\r  
lord%ip may1 p]haps1 f9d (fic]s t w     
submit to su* language1 b ,i d n envy !m
 _! de>ly pur*as$ rank2 & ,god =bid t ! 
,briti% navy %\ld h no bett] support]s (
 its "* ?an su* spiritless creatures4   
,^! words express ! deep atta*m5t he    
always felt to ! s]vice4      ,alas6 h[ 
bitt] is 8 c\ntry's curse     ,to him :o

 = t c\ntry w\ld expire4   ,ha/+s n[    
f\nd t all 8 hopes ( advancem5t at home 
7 bla/$1 &1 )\t any loss ( "t1 he       
det]m9$ to qualify himself = =eign      
s]vice4 ,he flatt]$ himself t he might  
acquire a reputation abroad1 :i* w\ld "o
 day obta9 = him ! re/oration ( 8 rank 9
 ! navy 9 a di/+ui%$ mann]4 ,he resid$ 9
 ,france = "s "t1 9 ord] to acquire a   
?or\gh k ( ! ,fr5* language1 :i*1 by d9t
 ( close application1 he soon spoke &   
wrote ) ease & correctness4  ,ab\t ?ree 
ye>s aft] 8 dismissal f ! navy1 !       
position ( ! ,greeks induc$ him to      
believe t 9 ,greece he %\ld f9d an      
opportunity ( putt+ 9 practice sev]al   
plans = ! improvem5t ( m>itime w>f>e :i*
 he _h long m$itat$4 ,he emb>k$ at      
,m>seilles on ! #ab? ( ,m>* #ahbb1 &    
arriv$ at ,hydra on ! #c;d ( ,april4 ,"h
 he 0 k9dly receiv$ by ! two bro!rs     
,jakomaki & ,manoli ,tombazis1 & _!     
acqua9tance soon rip5$ into fri5d%ip4   
,! ,greek fleet 0 prep>+ to sail f      
,hydra to enc\nt] ! ,turks1 & ,ha/+s 0  

anxi\s to accompany x1 9 ord] to witness
 ! mann] 9 :i* ! ,greeks & ,turks       
conduct$ _! naval w>f>e4 ,z x 0 necess>y
 = a /rang] to receive an au?orization f
 ! g5]al gov]nm5t be=e emb>k+ 9 ! fleet1
 ,ha/+s repair$ to ,cor9?1 :i* 0 !n !   
seat ( ! executive p[]4 ,! ho/ility     
display$ to ! ,greek cause by ,sir      
,?omas ,maitl&1 ! "l high commission] 9 
! ,ionian isl&s1 _h r5d]$ ! ,briti% "n  
exce$+ly unpopul> at ?is "t1 9 ,greece1 
& ,alex&] ,maurocordatos1 7call$ at t   
p]iod ,pr9ce ,maurocordatos17 :o 0      
presid5t ( ! ,greek ,republic1 p>took ( 
! popul> prejudice aga9/ ,engli%m54  ,on
 arriv+ at ,cor9? ,ha/+s met ) a v cool 
reception1 & spies 7 plac$ to wat* 8    
conduct2 = ?\gh ! presid5t _h made no   
progress 9 organiz+ ! naval1 milit>y1 or
 f9ancial adm9i/ration1 he _h already   
e/abli%$ a num]\s & active secret       
police4 ,= sev]al days ,ha/+s 0 unable  
to obta9 an audi5ce ( ,maurocordatos2 b 
an ,am]ican1 ,mr ,j>vis1 7aft]w>ds a    
lieut5ant-g5]al 9 ! ,greek s]vice17 to  

:om ,ha/+s _h giv5 a passage f          
,m>seilles1 0 receiv$ ) great att5tion4 
,j>vis1 z well z ,ha/+s1 obs]v$ t !     
police 0 v sev]e & vigilant 9 ,cor9?2 & 
on ! #ae? ( ,april he wrote ?us3--,i    
paid my respects to ! pr9ce1 & 0 invit$ 
to come 9 ! ev5+4 ,i _h a long          
conv]sation ) him1 & he 0 p>ticul>ly k9d
 to me1 & lik$ me ! m1 z he said1 = be+ 
an ,am]ican4 ,he told me _m ( ! bad     
actions ( ! ,engli%1 & pla9ly told me he
 & ! re/ took my fri5d & companion = a  
spy4 ,i !n answ]$ :at 0                 
necess>y--approv$ 8 dislike ( ! ,engli% 
& 8 =esight1 b %[$ him t he 0 9 ! wrong 
9 ?is case4  ,^! suspicions be+ m5tion$ 
to ,ha/+s1 he imm$iately address$ a     
lett] to ! presid5t1 dem&+ t 8 (f] (    
s]v+ on bo>d ! fleet %\ld be ei!r       
def9itely refus$ or accept$ by ! ,greek 
gov]nm5t4 ,he1 at ! same "t1 po9t$ out  
to ,maurocordatos ! absurdity ( suspect+
 him z a spy4 ,we translate 8 own lett]1
 :i* is 9 ,fr5*4 ,i am suspect$ by y\r  
excell5cy ( be+ an ,engli% spy4         

,consid]+ ! conduct ( ! ,briti% gov]nm5t
 to ,greece1 ,i expect$ to meet ) "s    
prejudice aga9/ ! ,engli% among !       
ignorant2 b ,i own ,i 0 n prep>$ to f9d 
?is illib]ality among m5 ( rank &       
education4 ,if ! ,engli% gov]nm5t       
requir$ a spy 9 ,greece1 x w\ld n       
address itself to a p]son ( my          
condition4 ,i am ! y\ng] son ( ,sir     
,*>les ,ha/+s1 ,b>onet1 a g5]al 9 !     
army1 & :o 0 educat$ 9 8 y\? ) ! ,m>quis
 ( ,ha/+s1 gov]nor-g5]al ( ,india2 s t  
,i c\ld surely f9d a m lucrative1 less  
dang]\s1 & m respectable employm5t 9    
,india ?an t ( a spy 9 ,greece4 ,i      
quitt$ ,engl& because ,i consid]$ !     
gov]nm5t treat$ me ) inju/ice1 9        
arbitr>ily dismiss+ me f ! navy1 aft] m 
?an f\rte5 ye>s ( active s]vice1 = an   
affair ( hon\r1 :ile ,i 0 on half-pay4  
,?is lett] obta9$ = ,ha/+s an audi5ce ( 
! presid5t1 & 8 s]vices 7 at l5g?       
accept$4  ,on ! #c;d ( ,may #ahbb1 !    
,greek fleet began to get "u weigh at   
,hydra1 & ,ha/+s emb>k$ z a volunte] on 

bo>d ! ,!mi/ocles1 a corvette belong+ to
 ! bro!rs ,tombazis4 ,! sc5e pres5t$ by 
! ,hydriote %ips haul+ out ( h>b\r 0    
calculat$ to depress ! hopes ( ! mo/    
sangu9e fri5d ( ,greece4 ,^? ( ! crew :o
 *ose to come on bo>d did s2 ! re/      
rema9$ on %ore1 & came (f z x suit$ _!  
conv5i5ce4 ,:5 x became necess>y to make
 sail1 ! m5 loos$ ! sails1 b %ortly f\nd
 t no %eets 7 rove1 & ! b[-l9es b5t to !
 bunt l9e cr+les4 ,at la/ %eets 7 rove4 
,b z ! %ips 7 gett+ cle> ( ! h>b\r1 a   
squall came on2 !n e man on bo>d %\t$ to
 take 9 sail2 b !re 7 no clue-l9es b5t1 
& ! m5 7 oblig$ to g out on ! jib-boom  
to haul d[n ! sail by h&4 ,! same ?+    
occurr$ ) ! topgallant sails4 ,! crews1 
h[ev]1 7 gradually collect$2 ?+s assum$ 
"s slight appe>ance ( ord]2 & aft] ?is  
s+ul> exhibition ( an>*y & confusion1 ! 
fleet bore up = ,ps>a4  ,x is ne$less to
 describe ! sc5es ( mis]y ,ha/+s        
witness$ :5 ! fleet arriv$ at ,scio1 z !
 p>ticul>s ( ! frightful mann] 9 :i* t  
isl& _h be5 deva/at$ by ! ,turks are    

g5]ally kn[n4 ,! w> 0 at ?is p]iod c>ri$
 on ) unexampl$ b>b>ity1 bo? by !       
,greeks & ,turks4 ,z an illu/ration ( ! 
mann] 9 :i* naval w>f>e _h be5 previ\sly
 conduct$ 9 ! ,levant1 we %all quote !  
acc\nt giv5 by an ,engli% sailor ( !    
conduct ( ! ,russo-,greek private]s 9   
#aghh4 ,! mod]n atrocities 7 n p]petrat$
 on s l>ge a scale1 & ! (fic]s r>ely    
c\nt5anc$ !m1 b /ill x w\ld be too      
invidi\s to cite s+le examples4 ,we %all
 !re=e copy a %ort extract f ,davidson's
 n>rative ( a cruise on bo>d "o ( !     
vessels connect$ ) ! exp$ition ( ! fam\s
 ,greek private] & pirate1 ,lambro4 ,!  
prize _h on bo>d eighty-five h&s1 :i* we
 took on bo>d u1 & conf9$ 9 ! hold until
 next day2 :5 !y 7 call$ up "o by "o1 & 
_h _! heads cut (f 9 ! same mann] z we  
cut (f ducks' heads at home1 & we !n    
?rew !m ov]bo>d4 ,?is 0 ! fir/ "t we 7  
oblig$ to take x by turns to put !m to  
dea?4 ,! ,engli%1 :5 call$ ^u1 at fir/  
refus$ x2 b :5 ! capta9 told !m !y 7    
c[>ds1 & t he c\ld n believe !y 7       

,engli%m51 !y w5t & did ! same z ! re/2 
& aft]w>ds 7 ev5 worse ?an ! o!rs1 = !y 
always 7 fir/ :5 su* "w 0 go+ on4       
,sometimes we _h ?ree or f\r 9 a day to 
put to dea? = ea* man's %>e4 ,?+s are   
c]ta9ly bett] ?an ?is 9 our times2 b !  
/atesm5 :o h con/itut$ ! k+dom ( ,greece
 %\ld recollect1 t ^! occurr5ces took   
place 9 ! dom9ions ( ,k+ ,o?o on ! #ba/ 
( ,may #aghi1 & t simil> sc5es1 ?\gh n  
on s ext5sive a scale1 7 witness$ by    
,ha/+s 9 ! mon? ( ,may #ahbb4  ,! ,greek
 naval =ce at ?is p]iod consi/$ entirely
 ( m]*ant %ips1 fitt$ out at ! private  
exp5se ( _! own]s4 ,^! vessels 7 g5]ally
 comm&$ ei!r by ! own]s or _! ne>       
relations1 ^: :ole =tune frequ5tly      
consi/$ 9 ! vessel !y 7 to lead into    
action4 ,x is n surpris+ t "u su*       
circum/ances _m brave m51 :o w\ld       
will+ly h expos$ _! lives1 felt "s      
hesitation 9 risk+ _! prop]ty4 ,! ,greek
 %ips1 previ\sly to ! break+ out ( !    
,revolution1 _h be5 navigat$ by crews   
int]e/$ 9 c]ta9 fix$ proportions 9 !    

pr(its ( ! c>go4 ,z ! proprietor ( !    
%ip1 ! capta91 & ! sailors =m$ a k9d (  
jo9t-/ock company1 !y 7 9 ! habit (     
delib]at+ toge!r on ! measures to be    
adopt$1 & 9 discuss+ ! de/9ation ( !    
vessel4 ,! disord] & want ( discipl9e   
naturally aris+ f su* habits1 7 greatly 
increas$ by ! practice :i* 0 introduc$  
at ! break+ out ( ! ,revolution1 (      
always pay+ ! sailors _! wages 9        
advance4 ,9 a fleet s compos$ & mann$1  
,ha/+s soon p]ceiv$ t !re 0 no hope (   
execut+ any ( 8 projects = ! improvem5t 
( naval artill]y4 ,aft] fitt+ locks &   
sights to ! guns 9 ! ,!mi/ocles1 &      
build+ up a furnace = heat+ %ot 9 h]    
hold1 he f\nd t all 8 arrangem5ts 7 ( no
 avail4 ,"s ord] 0 absolutely necess>y1 
b he discov]$ by exp]i5ce t !re 0 no?+ !
 ,albanians ( ,hydra held 9 s mu* hon\r 
z disord]4  ,! naval campaign ( #ahbb 0 
signaliz$ by ! successful attack ( !    
,greek fire-%ips on ! fleet ( ! ,capitan
 ,pa%a (f ,scio4 ,kan>is1 :o conduct$ 8 
vessel ) admirable c\rage & pres5ce (   

m9d1 set fire to ! %ip be>+ ! pa%a's    
flag1 :i* 0 completely de/roy$4 ,pep9os1
 :o comm&$ ! ,hydriot fire-%ip1 0 n s   
=tunate 9 8 attack on ! %ip ( ! ,reala  
,bey4 ,8 vessel 0 dis5gag$1 & ?\gh x    
drift$ on bo>d ano!r l9e-(-battle %ip1 !
 ,turks succe$$ 9 ext+ui%+ ! flames 9   
bo?4  ,ha/+s1 hav+ fail$ to p]suade !   
,greeks to fit out "o or two gun-boats )
 long guns ( l>ge calibre & furnaces =  
heat+ %ot1 became disgu/$ ) ! s]vice on 
bo>d ! fleet1 :i* 0 conf9$ to s5d+      
m>aud+ p>ties to ! coa/ ( ,asia ,m9or1  
:]e ! plund] 0 (t5] tak5 f ! poor ,greek
 villag]s ?an f _! ,ottoman ma/]s4 ,^!  
exp$itions 7 conduct$ ) unp>allel$      
disord]1 & )\t any plan4 ,be=e quitt+ ! 
fleet1 ,ha/+s made a la/ attempt to     
inspire ! c\ncils ( ! admiral ) "s ( 8  
own en]gy4 ,he wait$ on ! celebrat$     
,admiral ,mia\lis ) a plan = captur+ a  
,turki% frigate !n an*or$ at ,t5$os4    
,?is int]view betwe5 ^! two rem>kable m5
 is ( great importance = ! appreciation 
( _! respective *>act]s & views at ?is  

p]iod4 ,9 ord] to convey to our read]s z
 vividly z possible ! impression :i* x  
produc$ on ! m9d ( ,ha/+s1 we %all      
transcribe ! acc\nt ( x 9 8 own words4  
,i propos$ to direct a fire-%ip & ?ree  
o!r vessels ^u ! frigate1 &1 :5 ne> !   
enemy1 to set fire to c]ta9 combu/ibles 
:i* %\ld ?r[ out a great flame2 ! enemy 
w\ld naturally conclude !y 7 all        
fire-%ips4 ,! vessels 7 !n to atta*     
!mselves to ! frigate1 fire broadsides  
d\ble-%ott$1 ?r[+ on bo>d ! enemy at !  
same "t combu/ible balls :i* give a     
great smoke )\t flame4 ,?is w\ld        
d\btless induce him to believe he 0 on  
fire1 & give a mo/ fav\rable opportunity
 = bo>d+ him4 ,h[ev]1 ! admiral return$ 
my plan1 say+ only ,greek3 *alho1 )\t   
ask+ a s+le "q1 or wi%+ me to expla9 its
 details2 & ,i obs]v$ a k9d ( insol5t   
contempt 9 8 mann]1 :i* no d\bt arose f 
! late success ( ,kan>is4 ,?is int]view 
) ! admiral disgu/$ me4 ,!y place y 9 a 
position 9 :i* x is impossible to r5d]  
any s]vice1 & !n !y boa/ ( _! own       

sup]iority1 & ( ! uselessness ( !       
,franks 7z !y call u7 9 ,turki% w>f>e4  
,x mu/ be recollect$1 9 ju/ification (  
,mia\lis1 t he _h n !n _h "t to avail   
himself ( ! enl>g$ exp]i5ce he          
subsequ5tly acquir$ 9 8 capacity (      
admiral ( ! ,greek fleet4 ,he 0 !n      
little m ?an a judici\s & c\rage\s      
capta9 ( a m]*ant brig1 j elect$ by !   
suffrage ( 8 equals to lead !m4 ,z "o ( 
! own]s ( ! %ips hir$ by gov]nm5t1 8    
att5tion 0 naturally r direct$ to !     
de/ruction ?an to ! capture ( ! l>ge    
,turki% m5-(-w>2 & x is probable t he   
consid]$ ! total want ( discipl9e among 
! ,hydriotes z pres5t+ insup]able       
difficulties to ! execution ( ! plan1 & 
z likely to r5d] ! ,turki% frigate1 ev5 
if captur$1 utt]ly useless to ! ,greeks1
 :o w\ld d\btless h all[$ h] to rot 9   
port4  ,%ortly aft] ?is disagreeable    
affair1 ,ha/+s _h an opportunity (      
acquir+ consid]able p]sonal reputation  
among ! ,hydriote sailors1 by sav+ !    
corvette ( ,tombazis 9 circum/ances (   

great dang]4 ,9 pursu+ "s ,turki%       
sakolevas (f ! nor? ( ,mytil5e1 !y ran 9
 ne> ,cape ,baba1 & made = ! %ore "u a  
cliff1 :]e a consid]able numb] ( arm$ m5
 soon collect$ f ! neighb\r+ t[n4 ,!    
capta9 & crew ( ! ,!mi/ocles1 eag] =    
prizes1 pursu$ !m2 :5 ! %ip 0 sudd5ly   
becalm$ )9 gun-%ot ( a batt]y at ! t[n1 
:i* op5$ a well-direct$ fire on !       
corvette4 ,9 gett+ f "u ! fire ( !      
batt]y1 a baffl+ w9d & /rong curr5t     
drove ! %ip )9 sixty y>ds ( ! high rocky
 cliff :]e ! ,turki% soldi]s 7 po/$4 ,^!
 troops op5$ a %>p b ill-direct$ fire ( 
musketry on ! deck ( ! ,!mi/ocles2 & on 
?is occasion ! total want ( ord]1 & !   
disrespect habitually %[n to ! (fic]s1  
_h v ne>ly caus$ ! loss ( ! vessel4 ,!  
:ole crew s\ght %elt] f ! ,turki% fire  
"u ! bulw>ks1 & no "o c\ld be induc$ to 
obey ! ord]s :i* e "o issu$4 ,a s+le man
 w\ld spr+ =w>d = a few seconds1 at     
int]vals1 to execute ! mo/ necess>y     
manoeuvre4 ,ha/+s 0 ! only p]son on deck
 :o rema9$ sil5tly wat*+ ! %ip sl[ly    

drift+ t[>ds ! rocks4 ,he 0 =tunately ! 
fir/ to p]ceive ! *ange 9 ! direction ( 
a light breeze :i* sprang up1 & by      
imm$iately spr++ =w>d on ! b[sprit1 he  
succe$$ 9 gett+ ! %ip's head r\nd4 ,h]  
sails soon fill$1 & %e mov$ out ( h]    
awkw>d position4 ,z upw>ds ( two hundr$ 
& fifty ,turks 7 assembl$ on ! rocks    
above1 & fre% m5 7 arriv+ e mom5t1 !re c
 be no d\bt t 9 a %ort "t ! enemy w\ld h
 br\ght a piece ( artill]y to be> on !  
,!mi/ocles f a position inaccessible to 
h] fire2 s t1 ev5 if %e _h escap$ go+ on
 %ore on ! rocks1 h] de/ruction seem$   
inevitable1 _h %e rema9$ an h\r )9      
gun-%ot ( ! cliff4 ,?us1 ! f9e/ vessel 9
 ! ,greek fleet 0 9 imm95t dang] ( be+  
lo/1 ?r\gh ! c>elessness & ob/9acy ( !  
capta91 :o1 ?\gh repeat$ly entreat$ by  
,ha/+s to h a small an*or con/antly 9   
read9ess1 c\ld nev] be induc$ to take   
?is necess>y precaution4  ,on ?is       
occasion1 h[ev]1 bo? ! capta9 & ! crew (
 ! ,!mi/ocles did ,ha/+s ample ju/ice4  
,?\gh !y _h refus$ to avail !mselves ( 8

 skill1 & neglect$ 8 advice1 !y n[ %[$  
no jeal\sy 9 ackn[l$g+ 8 gallant        
conduct1 & he became a p]man5t fav\rite 
) ! crew ev] aft] ?is exploit4 ,?\gh he 
treat$ all ) great res]ve & coldness1 z 
a means ( insur+ respect1 !re 0 n a man 
on bo>d t 0 n always ready to d him any 
s]vice4 ,inde$ ! c&id & he>ty way 9 :i* 
!y ackn[l$g$ ! c\rage ( ,ha/+s1 & blam$ 
_! own conduct 9 all[+ a /rang] to      
expose 8 life 9 s dang]\s a mann] to    
save !m1 af=d$ unque/ionable pro( t s   
mu* real g5]osity 0 insep>able f c\rage1
 & t1 ) prop] discipl9e & good (fic]s1 !
 sailors ( ! ,greek fleet w\ld h _h few 
sup]iors4  ,:5 ! naval campaign 0       
conclud$1 ,ha/+s jo9$ ! troops engag$ 9 
! siege ( ,nauplia4 ,t =ce 0 expos$ to !
 greate/ dang] by ! irruption ( a l>ge  
,turki% army into ! ,morea1 comm&$ by   
,dramali ,pa%a4 ,:ile engag$ 9 def5d+ ! 
little =t ( ,b\rdzi 9 ! port ( ,nauplia1
 & "u ! guns ( t =tress1 he became      
intimately acqua9t$ ) ,mr ,hane1 a "y   
artill]y (fic]1 :o subsequ5tly s]v$ "u 8

 ord]s ) great di/9ction4 ,at ?is "t    
,ha/+s rais$ a company ( fifty m51 :om  
he arm$ & equipp$ at 8 own exp5se4 ,b z 
8 actions on %ore are n imm$iately      
connect$ ) ! great results ( 8 s]vices  
to ,greece1 we %all conf9e ?is sket*    
exclusively to ! %>e he took 9 ! naval  
w>f>e4 ,he s]v$ ! campaign ( #ahbc 9    
,crete1 z comm&] ( ! artill]y2 b a      
viol5t fev] compell+ him to quit t isl& 
9 autumn1 he f\nd1 on 8 return to       
,hydra1 t ,"l ,byron _h arriv$ at       
,cephalonia4  ,x 0 ( great importance to
 ! ,greek cause t ! s]vices ( ,"l ,byron
 %\ld be usefully direct$1 & x 0 equally
 necess>y t ! funds collect$ by ! ,greek
 committee 9 ,london %\ld be exp5d$ 9 ! 
way mo/ likely to be ( p]man5t advantage
 to ,greece4 ,! mom5t appe>$ suitable = 
"o :o1 l ,ha/+s1 _h acquir$ "s exp]i5ce 
by active s]vice1 bo? ) ! fleet & army1 
to (f] 8 advice4 ,he accord+ly drew up a
 project = ! con/ruction & armam5t ( a  
/eam-vessel1 :i* he recomm5d$ z ! mo/   
effectual mode ( advanc+ ! ,greek cause1

 by giv+ ! fleet a decid$ sup]iority ov]
 ! ,turks at sea4 ,x appe>$ to ,ha/+s t 
x 0 only by ! introduction ( a          
well-discipl9$ naval =ce1 directly      
dep5d5t on ! c5tral gov]nm5t1 t ord]    
c\ld be introduc$ into ! adm9i/ration1 z
 well z a sup]iority secur$ ov] ! enemy4
 ,x is n necess>y to ent] into all !    
pr(essional details ( ?is memoir1 z we  
%all h occasion to /ate ! mann] 9 :i*   
,ha/+s c>ri$ 8 views into execution a   
few ye>s lat]4 ,its conclusion 0 to     
recomm5d ,"l ,byron to direct 8 att5tion
 to ! pur*ase or con/ruction ( a        
/eam-vessel1 arm$ ) heavy guns1 & fitt$ 
up = ! use ( hot %ot & %ells z its      
ord9>y projectiles4  ,nei!r ,"l ,byron  
nor ,colonel ,/anhope1 ! ag5t ( ! ,greek
 committee1 seem to h appreciat$ !      
milit>y sci5ce ( ,ha/+s1 & ! plan met ) 
little support f ei!r4  ,! ,greek       
gov]nm5t %ortly aft] ?is obta9$ its fir/
 loan 9 ,engl&2 &1 dur+ ! summ] ( #ahbd1
 ,ha/+s endeav\r$ to impress its memb]s 
) ! necessity ( r5d]+ ! national cause n

 entirely dep5d5t on ! disord]ly &      
tumultu\s m]*ant m>9e1 :i* x 0 compell$ 
to hire at an exorbitant price4 ,x is   
ne$less to record all ! difficulties &  
opposition he met ) f a gov]nm5t consi/+
 9 "p ( %ip[n]s1 eag] to obta9 a %>e ( !
 loan z hire = _! %ips4 ,^! %ips 7 9 "s 
dang] ( rott+ 9 h>b\r1 9 case a national
 navy %\ld be =m$4 ,! loan1 h[ev]1      
appe>$ inexhau/ible2 & 9 ! autumn (     
#ahbd1 ,ha/+s return$ to ,engl&1 ) a    
promise t ! ,greek gov]nm5t w\ld lose no
 "t 9 in/ruct+ _! deputies 9 ,london to 
procure a /eam-vessel to be arm$ "u 8   
inspection1 & ( :i* he 0 promis$ !      
comm&4 ,?is promise 0 soon =gott52 a    
numb] ( fav\rable accid5ts delud$ !     
memb]s ( ! ,greek gov]nm5t into ! belief
 t _! deliv]ance f ! ,turki% yoke 0     
already a*iev$1 & !y began to neglect ! 
dictates ( common prud5ce4 ,! ,greek    
committee 9 ,london emulat$ ! example ( 
! ,greek gov]nm5t at ,nauplia2 & 9 place
 ( act+ accord+ to ! sugge/ions ( common
 s5se & common hone/y1 t body engag$ 9 a

 numb] ( tortu\s transactions1 end+ 9 ! 
concoction ( a di% call$ ! ,greek pie4  
,ibrahim ,pa%a awak5$ ! h]oes at        
,nauplia f _! dreams1 & ,cobbett di/urb$
 ! rev]ies ( ! sages 9 ,london4  ,!     
success :i* att5d$ ,ibrahim ,pa%a on 8  
l&+ 9 ! ,peloponnesus 9 #ahbe1 & !      
improvem5t display$ by ! ,turks 9 _!    
naval op]ations1 s]i\sly al>m$ !        
,greeks4 ,! advice ( ,ha/+s occurr$ to  
_! remembrance2 b1 ev5 !n1 x requir$ !  
active ex]tions ( two judici\s fri5ds ( 
,greece 9 ,london to induce ! ,greek    
deputies to take ! necess>y measures =  
fitt+ out a /eam]4 ,ha/+s1 9 a lett]    
address$ to ! ,greeks1 :i* he wrote on 8
 return to ,greece1 decl>$ di/9ctly t ! 
gratitude ( ! ,greek nation 0 due to !  
,"r ,hon\rable ,edw>d ,ellice & to ,sir 
,john ,hobh\se1 & n to ! ,greek deputies
 9 ,london1 if ! /eam-vessel he comm&$  
prov$ ( any s]vice to ! cause4  ,greece 
0 !n 9 a desp]ate condition4 ,nav>9 0   
tak5 by ,ibrahim ,pa%a1 ! ,romeliat army
 0 completely defeat$1 & ! ,egyptians   

encamp$ 9 ! c5tre ( ! ,peloponnesus1    
aft] r\t+ e body ( troops :i* attempt$  
to arre/ _! progress4 ,! ,turki% &      
,egyptian fleets kept ! sea 9 spite ( ! 
gallant attacks ( ,mia\lis2 & ! p>tial  
successes ( ! ,greeks 7 m hon\rable to  
_! c\rage ?an injuri\s to ! real /r5g? (
 _! enemies4 ,9 ! mean "t1 ! ,greek     
gov]nm5t _h lo/ all p[] ( comm&+ ei!r   
respect or ob$i5ce at home1 9 consequ5ce
 ( ! civil w>s :i* prevail$ previ\sly to
 ! arrival ( ! ,egyptians1 & ! intrigues
 ( ,maurocordatos & ,kolettis to obta9 !
 sole direction ( affairs4  ,at ?is     
conjuncture1 ,"l ,co*rane's "n excit$   
univ]sal att5tion 9 ,engl&1 & he 0      
engag$ by ! ,greek deputies1 & "s fri5ds
 ( ! cause1 to ent] ! ,greek s]vice4 ,he
 receiv$ = 8 s]vices #cg1jjj /]l+1 9    
ca%2 & an additional sum ( #bj1jjj 0    
paid into ! h&s ( ,sir ,francis         
,burdett1 to be giv5 to ,"l ,co*rane    
:5ev] ! indep5d5ce ( ,greece %\ld be    
secur$4  ,?is transaction happ5$ 9 !    
mon? ( ,augu/ #ahbe2 b 9 ! mon? ( ,m>*1 

a /eam-vessel1 call$ ! ,p]sev]ance1 (   
ab\t f\r hundr$ tons1 _h already be5    
ord]$2 & ,ha/+s _h be5 nam$ to comm& h]1
 & receiv$ au?ority to arm h] )         
sixty-eight p\nd]s1 accord+ to ! plan he
 _h submitt$ to ! ,greek gov]nm5t4 ,:5  
,"l ,co*rane 0 appo9t$ comm&]-9-*ief ( !
 ,greek fleet1 five m /eam-vessels 7    
ord]$ to be built2 b x may be obs]v$1 t 
only two ( ^! ev] rea*$ ,greece4 ,!     
equipm5t ( ! ,p]sev]ance 0 !n kept back1
 9 ord] t ! :ole squadron might sail    
toge!r "u ! auspices ( ,"l ,co*rane4 ,! 
news ( ! tak+ ( ,missolonghi by ! ,turks
 at la/ ?rew ! fri5ds ( ,greece into su*
 a /ate ( al>m1 & ! outcry aga9/ !      
dilatory mann] 9 :i* ! /eam-boat        
exp$ition 9 ! ,?ames 0 fitt+ out1 became
 s viol5t ov] all ,europe1 t !          
,p]sev]ance 0 ha/ily complet$1 & all[$  
to sail alone4  ,aft] a s]ies (         
difficulties & disappo9tm5ts1 :i* x     
requir$ all ! extraord9>y p]sev]ance &  
en]gy ( ,ha/+s to ov]come1 he 0 hurri$  
away f ,dept=d on ! tw5ty-six? ( ,may   

#ahbf1 ?\gh ! eng9e ( ! ,p]sev]ance 0   
evid5tly 9 a v defective /ate4 ,! boil] 
bur/ 9 ! ,m$it]ranean2 & ! %ip 0 deta9$ 
at ,cagli>i1 recon/ruct+ a boil]1 until 
! tw5ty-eigh? ( ,augu/4 ,%e arriv$ 9    
,greece too late to be ( any use 9 !    
naval campaign ( t ye>4 ,! w9t] 0 sp5t 9
 aid+ ! op]ations ( ! army1 :i* 0       
endeav\r+ to raise ! siege ( ,a!ns4  ,! 
,k>t]ia1 :i* 0 ! "n ( ! ,p]sev]ance 9 ! 
,greek navy1 0 arm$ on ! pr9ciple :i*   
,ha/+s _h laid d[n z necess>y to place !
 ,greeks ) small vessels on "s degree ( 
equality ) ! l9e-(-battle %ips & l>ge   
frigates ( ! ,turks3 namely1 t ( us+    
projectiles m de/ructive ?an ! %ot ( !  
enemy4 ,^! projectiles 7 hot %ot &      
%ells1 in/ead ( ! cold r\nd-%ot ( !     
,turks4 ,we h already m5tion$ t !       
,k>t]ia 0 arm$ ) sixty-eight p\nd]s4 ,( 
^! %e m\nt$ eight2 f\r 7 c>ronades ( !  
gov]nm5t patt]n1 & f\r 7 guns ( a new   
=m1 ca/ aft] a model prep>$ by ,ha/+s   
himself4 ,^! guns 7 sev5 feet f\r in*es 
long 9 ! bore1 & weigh$ fifty-eight     

hundr$-weight4 ,!y _h ! =m ( c>ronades 9
 e ?+ b ! addition ( trunnions to m\nt  
!m l long guns2 ^! trunnions1 h[ev]1 71 
contr>y to ! usual practice1 plac$ s t  
_! c5tre int]sect$ a l9e ?r\gh ! c5tre (
 ! bore ( ! gun4 ,!y 7 m\nt$ on t5-in*  
h[itz] c>riages1 :i* answ]$ ! purpose   
admirably4 ,! %ells us$ 7 g5]ally /rapp$
 to wood5 bottoms2 b !y 7 m ?an once    
employ$ )\t any precaution1 except t (  
putt+ !m 9 ! gun ) ! fusees t[>ds !     
muzzle4 ,! hot %ot 7 heat$ 9 ! eng9e    
fires1 & 7 br\ght on deck by two m5 9 a 
ma*9e resembl+ a d\ble coal-box1 :i* 0  
easily tilt$ up at ! muzzle ( ! gun to  
be load$4  ,ha/+s fir$ ab\t eighte5 ?\s&
 %ells f ! ,k>t]ia 9 ! ye>s #ahbf &     
#ahbg1 ) a miscellane\s crew compos$ (  
,engli%m51 ,sw$es1 & ,greeks1 & nev] _h 
a s+le accid5t f explosion4 ,z a v small
 numb] ( hot %ot c be heat$ at once1 & z
 an iron ball ( eight in*es diamet]     
loses its sph]ical =m if kept = any l5g?
 ( "t r$ hot1 ?is projectile c\ld only  
be us$ 9 p>ticul> circum/ances4 ,x      

happ5$ m ?an once on bo>d ! ,k>t]ia1 t  
%ot :i* _h rema9$ = "s "t 9 ! eng9e     
fires1 _h s lo/ _! =m z n to ent] !     
muzzle ( ! guns4 ,) reg>d to ! great    
dang] :i* is suppos$ to att5d ! use (   
hot %ot on bo>d %ips1 ,ha/+s ?us /ates 8
 op9ion 9 a ,memoir on ! use ( ,%ells1  
,hot ,%ot1 & ,c>cass ,%ells1 f %ip      
artill]y3#aa ,i h cont9ually us$ hot %ot
 ) p]fect safety2 my p hav+ become s    
famili> ) !m1 t !y employ !m ) z little 
appreh5sion z if us+ cold %ot4  ,we %all
 n[ give a regul> acc\nt ( ! c>e] (     
active s]vice 9 :i* ,ha/+s 0 engag$1 z  
capta9 ( ! ,greek /eam-frigate ,k>t]ia1 
extract$ 9 "p f 8 own (ficial reports & 
private lett]s1 & drawn 9 "p f !        
te/imony ( eyewitnesses ( all 8 actions4
  ,9 ,febru>y #ahbg1 ,capta9 ,ha/+s 0   
ord]$ by ! ,greek gov]nm5t to co-op]ate 
) ! troops "u ,g5]al ,gordon1 de/9$ to  
relieve ,a!ns4 ,capta9 ,ha/+s1 sail+ f  
,eg9a1 pass$ r\nd ! isl& ( ,salamis1 &  
ent]+ ! we/]n /rait betwe5 x & ,meg>a1  
arriv$1 unobs]v$ by ! ,turks1 9 ! bay   

:]e ! battle ( ,salamis 0 f\ght--n[     
call$ ! port ( ,ambelaki4 ,?is 0 ! fir/ 
"t ! passage _h ev] be5 attempt$ by a   
mod]n man-(-w>4 ,dur+ ! presid5cy (     
,c\nt ,capo-d',i/rias1 ,sir ,edmund     
,lyons c>ri$ ,h4,m4,s4 ,blonde ?r\gh !  
same passage4  ,! troops "u ,g5]al      
,gordon 7 l&$ 9 ! night1 & !y occupi$ & 
=tifi$ ! hill ( ,muny*ia )\t any loss ( 
"t4 ,x 0 !n resolv$ to drive ! ,turks f 
a mona/]y at ! ,piru1 9 :i* !y kept a   
g>rison to comm& ! port4 ,! troops 7    
ord]$ to attack ! build+ on ! l& side1 &
 ,ha/+s ent]$ ! ,piru to bomb>d x f !   
sea4 ,a practicable brea* 0 soon made2 b
 ! ,greek troops1 ?\gh support$ by !    
fire ( a c\ple ( field-pieces1 7        
completely defeat$ 9 _! feeble attempts 
to /orm ?is mona/]y4 ,! ,turks1 on ! o!r
 h&1 display$ ! greate/ activity2 & !   
,s]aski] ,kutayhi ,pa%a1 :o comm&$ !    
army besieg+ ,a!ns1 soon arriv$ ) a     
p[]ful escort ( cavalry1 & br++ ) him   
two long five-in* h[itz]s ) %ells1 boa/+
 t ) ^! he w\ld s9k ! ,k>t]ia4 ,z !     

object ( ! ,greek attack _h completely  
fail$1 & ! troops _h retir$1 ! ,k>t]ia  
quitt$ ! port j z ! ,turks op5$ _! fire 
on h]4  ,a few days aft] ?is1 ! ,turks1 
hav+ defeat$ a division ( ! ,greek army 
de/9$ to make a div]sion f ! pla9 (     
,eleusis1 attempt$ to c>ry ! camp (     
,g5]al ,gordon by /orm4 ,capta9 ,ha/+s  
n[ ent]$ ! ,piru aga91 ev5 at ! risk (  
expos+ ! ,k>t]ia to ! ,turki% %ells2 z  
he saw t by 8 p[]ful fire ( grape he    
c\ld prev5t ! ,turks f =m+ 9 any =ce to 
attack ! mo/ vuln]able "p ( ! camp4 ,!  
fire ( ! ,k>t]ia soon produc$ its       
effect2 b x drew all ! att5tion ( !     
,pa%a to ! vessel1 z he p]ceiv$ x 0 va9 
to p]si/ 9 attack+ ! troops until he    
compell$ ! /eam] to quit ! ,piru4 ,five 
guns direct$ _! fire aga9/ h]1 & ?\gh   
?ree 7 ei!r dism\nt$ by h] fire1 or     
r5d]$ useless by _! c>riages break+1    
/ill two elongat$ five-in* h[itz]s be+  
plac$ betwe5 ! mona/]y & an adjo9+ t[]1 
:i* cov]$ !m f ! fire ( ! ,k>t]ia1      
contriv$ to keep up a well-support$     

fire4 ,! effect produc$ by ! %ells f !  
,turki% guns 0 soon consid]able1 ?\gh   
sev]al ( ^? :i* /ruck ! ,k>t]ia did n   
explode4 ,"o1 h[ev]1 fix$ 9 ! c>riage ( 
a long sixty-eight p\nd]1 & explod$ !re1
 ?\gh =tunately )\t injur+ ei!r ,capta9 
,hane1 ! artill]y-(fic] engag$ 9 po9t+ !
 gun1 or any ( ! m5 :o 7 work+ x4 ,ano!r
 explod$ 9 ! ,k>t]ia's c\nt]1 & tore out
 ! plank+ ( two /reaks = a l5g? ( six   
feet1 & />t$ out ! plank+ f ! two       
adjac5t /reaks4 ,z ?is %ell /ruck !     
vessel on ! wat]'s edge1 a %ip built 9 !
 ord9>y mann] w\ld h be5 sunk by ?is    
explosion ( ab\t n9e ounces ( p[d]2 b ! 
,k>t]ia 0 9 no dang]1 z %e 0 built ) h] 
timb]s close & caulk$ toge!r4 ,%e 0 also
 con/ruct$ ) two solid bulkheads enclos+
 ! eng9e-room1 caulk$ & l9$1 s z to be  
wat]-tight2 consequ5tly1 any "o ( h]    
comp>tm5ts might h fill$ ) wat] f a     
%ot-hole )\t h] s9k+4 ,! attack ( !     
,turks on ! ,greek camp hav+ be5        
repuls$1 no?+ rema9$ = ,ha/+s b to      
retreat f 8 dang]\s position 9 ! ,piru z

 spe$ily z possible4 ,?is1 h[ev]1 he did
 n effect )\t loss2 all 8 boats 7 %ot   
?r\gh1 & he _h to enc\nt] a sev]e fire (
 musketry f ! ,turks /ation$ on ea*     
side1 z he mov$ ?r\gh ! pill>s at !     
entrance ( ! port4  ,9 ! mon? ( ,m>* an 
exp$ition 0 plann$ by ,g5]al ,heideck1  
:o 0 aft]w>ds "o ( ! memb]s ( ! unhappy 
reg5cy :i* misgov]n$ ,greece dur+ !     
m9ority ( ,k+ ,o?o4 ,! object ( ?is     
exp$ition 0 to de/roy ! magaz9es (      
provisions & /ores :i* ! ,turks possess$
 at ,oropos1 &1 by occupy+ _! l9es (    
communication ) ,negropont1 to compel !m
 to raise ! siege ( ,a!ns4 ,?is 0 ! only
 feasible me?od by :i* ! ,greeks c\ld   
ev] h hop$ to defeat ! ,turks2 b :5 !   
execution ( x 0 propos$1 x always met ) 
"s opposition4 ,:5 x 0 at la/ und]tak5  
by a =eign]1 ! op]ation 0 conduct$ 9 s  
weak & desultory a mann]1 z to end 9    
complete disgrace4  ,! naval =ce :i*    
accompani$ ,g5]al ,heideck 0 unusually  
p[]ful1 z he 0 !n ! ackn[l$g$ ag5t ( !  
,k+ ( ,bav>ia4 ,x consi/$ ( ! frigate   

,hellas ( sixty-f\r guns1 ) ! flag (    
,admiral ,mia\lis1 ! ,k>t]ia1 & "s      
small] vessels z transports4 ,! ,greek  
vessels arriv$ be=e ,oropos 9 !         
aft]noon1 & z ! ,hellas 0 compell$ to   
an*or ab\t a mile f ! ,turki% camp1     
,capta9 ,ha/+s imm$iately /eam$ into !  
port4 ,he captur$ two transports lad5 ) 
gra9 & fl\r1 :i* _h j arriv$ f          
,negropont2 & hav+ an*or$ )9 two hundr$ 
y>ds ( ! ,turki% batt]ies1 he op5$ on !m
 a fire1 :i* 9 a %ort "t dism\nt$ e gun 
:i* !y c\ld br+ to be> on 8 %ip4 ,a     
c>cass-%ell lodg+ 9 ! fasc9es ( :i* !   
pr9cipal batt]y 0 con/ruct$1 soon       
envelop$ ! :ole 9 flames--! p[d]-magaz9e
 explod$1 & ! c>riages ( ! guns 7 r5d]$ 
useless4  ,at ?is mom5t ! ,greek troops1
 ( :om "o hundr$ & fifty 7 on bo>d !    
,k>t]ia1 l\dly dem&$ to be l$ to attack 
! camp2 & an (fic] f ,g5]al ,heideck1 :o
 _h rema9$ on bo>d ! ,hellas1 0 expect$ 
e mom5t to place himself at _! head4 ,no
 ord]s1 h[ev]1 arriv$4 ,ha/+s rema9$ all
 night 9 ! port1 & x 0 n until dawn next

 morn+ t ! troops 7 l&$4 ,! ,turks1 9 ! 
mean "t1 _h be5 m active2 !y _h also    
receiv$ consid]able re9=cem5ts2 ! day 0 
consum$ )\t ,g5]al ,heideck go+ on %ore1
 & a l>ge body ( ,turki% cavalry mak+   
its appe>ance 9 ! aft]noon1 he issu$    
ord]s to re-emb>k ! troops1 & sail$ back
 to ,eg9a4  ,! public att5tion 0 sudd5ly
 div]t$ f ?is disgraceful exhibition (  
,european milit>y sci5ce by ! arrival ( 
,"l ,co*rane 9 ,greece4 ,he came1 h[ev]1
 9 an ,engli% ya*t1 :i* _h be5 pur*as$  
to exp$ite 8 dep>ture1 b unaccompani$ by
 a s+le "o ( ! five /eam]s :i* 7 /ill   
unf9i%$ 9 ! ,?ames4 ,8 lord%ip 0 soon   
aft] appo9t$ "l high admiral ( ,greece2 
,g5]al ,*ur* 0 at ! same "t nam$        
g5]alissimo ( ! l& =ces2 & bo? (fic]s   
direct$ all _! att5tion to rais+ ! siege
 ( ,a!ns1 :i* ,kutayhi cont9u$ to attack
 ) ! greate/ con/ancy4  ,capta9 ,ha/+s 0
 n[ deta*$ = ! fir/ "t ) an indep5d5t   
naval comm&4 ,! ,turks drew _! supplies 
= c>ry+ on ! siege ( ,a!ns f a great    
di/ance 9 _! re>1 z all ! prov9ces (    

,greece 7 9 a /ate ( desolation4 ,?is   
circum/ance expos$ _! l9es (            
communication1 bo? by l& & sea1 to be   
attack$ by ! ,greeks 9 _m diff]5t po9ts4
 ,volo 0 "o ( ! pr9cipal depots at :i* !
 supplies transmitt$ f ,!ssalonica &    
,con/ant9ople 7 secur$2 & f ?is /ation  
!y 7 =w>d$ by ! *annel ( ,euboea to !   
=tress ( ,negropont1 & !nce to ,oropos4 
,f ,oropos ^! supplies 7 transport$ on  
horses & mules to ! camp ( ! ,pa%a at   
,patissia1 ne> ,a!ns4 ,capta9 ,ha/+s 0  
n[ *>g$ ) ! duty ( cutt+ (f !           
communications ( ! ,turks betwe5 ,volo &
 ,oropos1 & in/ruct$ to use e ex]tion to
 capture _! transports & de/roy _!      
magaz9es4 ,= ?is purpose he sail$ f     
,poros ) a small squadron1 consi/+ ( !  
,k>t]ia & f\r hir$ vessels--! corvette  
,!mi/ocles1 belong+ to ! ,tombazis2 !   
,ares1 belong+ to ! ,admiral ,mia\lis2 &
 two small s*oon]s4  ,on ! aft]noon ( a 
beautiful cle> day1 ! little fleet ent]$
 ! bay ( ,volo1 9 :i* eight ,turki%     
transports 7 se5 at an*or4 ,x 0 "s "t   

be=e ! enemy 0 p]suad$ t ! ,greek       
vessels 7 be>+ d[n to attack !m1 = !y   
consid]$ ! an*orage p]fectly def5d$ by  
two batt]ies :i* !y _h erect$ on ! cape1
 enclos+ ! h>b\r1 opposite ! ca/le (    
,volo4 ,! ca/le itself is a squ>e =t 9 a
 dilapidat$ condition1 ) only a few guns
 m\nt$4  ,at half-pa/ f\r o'clock1 !    
,!mi/ocles & ,ares receiv$ ord]s to     
an*or be=e ! batt]ies1 j out ( ! rea* ( 
musketry1 & n to wa/e a s+le %ot be=e !y
 _h tak5 up _! positions4 ,!y 7 !n      
direct$ to op5 a heavy fire ( grape &   
r\nd %ot on ! enemy4 ,:ile !y 7 execut+ 
^! ord]s1 ,ha/+s ent]$ ! port1 & op5$ 8 
fire ( %ells on ! intr5*m5ts ( ! ,turks1
 & ( grape on ! transports1 :i* 7 fill$ 
) m5 to prev5t _! capture4 ,! heavy fire
 ( ! ,k>t]ia1 :i* p\r$ on ! enemy ?ree  
hundr$ two-ounce balls f ea* ( its guns1
 soon ?rew ! ,turks into confusion2 & ! 
boats 7 mann$1 & s5t to bo>d !          
transports4 ,five vessels be+ heavily   
lad51 ?\gh !y _h be5 run agr\nd1 7 n    
close to ! %ore1 & ^! 7 soon captur$2 b 

two brigs be+ empty1 7 plac$ close "u ! 
fire ( ! troops 9 ! intr5*m5ts4 ,?\gh !y
 7 attack$ by all ! boats ( ! squadron1 
!y 7 n tak5 until aft] an ob/9ate       
resi/ance4 ,! ,engli% boatswa9 ( !      
,k>t]ia1 :o 0 ! fir/ to m\nt ! side (   
"o1 0 w\nd$2 b he succe$$ 9 ga9+ ! deck1
 & haul+ d[n ! ,turki% flag4 ,a ,turk1  
h[ev]1 :o _h no idea ( surr5d]+ to an   
infidel1 ru%$ at him1 & fir$ a pi/ol at 
8 head4 ,! ball1 =tunately1 only graz$ 8
 =ehead4 ,! ,turk !n leap$ ov]bo>d1 &   
endeav\r$ to swim on %ore2 b "o ( !     
,engli% sailors1 consid]+ 8 conduct s   
unfair z to m]it dea?1 jump$ into ! sea 
aft] him1 &1 hav+ ov]tak5 him1          
delib]ately cut 8 ?roat ) a clasp-knife1
 z he _h no o!r weapon1 & !n return$ on 
bo>d4 ,! ,greek ,revolution too (t5 gave
 occasions = display+      ,! in/9ct ( !
 fir/-born ,ca91     ,:i* ev] lurks     
some:]e 9 human he>ts4   ,x 0 f\nd      
impossible to get ! two brigs afloat2 &1
 z _! sails _h be5 l&$1 x w\ld h be5    
impossible to navigate !m4 ,!y 7 !re=e  

burnt2 & ano!r small] vessel1 :i* 0 s   
plac$ t ,ha/+s w\ld n expose 8 m5 by    
attempt+ to take possession ( h]1 0     
de/roy$ by %ells4 ,a %ell1 explod+ 9 h] 
hull1 blew h] =e-ma/ into ! wat]4 ,= f\r
 h\rs ! ,k>t]ia rema9$ 9 ! h>b\r (      
,volo4 ,! corvette & brig _h s          
completely sil5c$ ! fire ( ! batt]ies1 t
 !y appe>$ to be ab&on$2 :ile ! guns ( !
 ca/le only kept up an irregul> &       
ill-direct$ fire on ! ,k>t]ia4 ,!       
magaz9es 7 all 9 flames f ! effect ( !  
r$-hot %ot fir$ into !m2 &1 z night     
approa*$1 ! ,k>t]ia made ! signal = all 
! vessels to make sail out ( ! h>b\r ) a
 light breeze f ! l&4 ,! spectacle (f]$ 
by ! bay z x grew d>k 0 peculi>ly gr&4  
,on ! sombre outl9e ( ! hills r\nd !    
gulf1 innum]able fires 7 se52 & a       
cont9u$ dis*>ge ( musketry 0 he>d       
proclaim+ ! arrival ( ea* little b& (   
troops :i* rea*$ ! camp at ,volo4 ,!    
lurid light ?r[n out by ! flames f !    
burn+ magaz9es1 & ! reflection ( ! blaz+
 transports1 :i* 7 quickly consum$ to ! 

wat]'s edge1 enabl$ ! /eam]1 9 dep>t+1  
to de/roy ! c>riages ( two guns :i* !   
,turks 7 endeav\r+ to get ready to      
salute ! dep>t+ squadron4  ,ha/+s _h    
expect$ to f9d at ,volo a l>ge ,turki%  
man-(-w>1 m\nt+ sixte5 heavy guns1 & two
 mort>s :i* _h be5 con/ruct$ = ! siege (
 ,missolonghi1 b :i* _h n ev5 got s f> z
 ,volo until aft] ! fall ( t place4 ,?is
 vessel 0 n[ wait+ until ! ,turks %\ld  
require h] to bomb>d "s seaport 9 !     
possession ( ! ,greeks4 ,a ,greek       
fi%+-boat came alongside to in=m ,ha/+s 
t ! ,pa%a _h ord]$ ?is vessel to ,tri*]i
 = great] security1 :]e %e 0 moor$1 )   
?ree s*oon]s tak5 f ! ,greeks at ,ps>a1 
9 a small bay protect$ by a batt]y (    
twelve guns4 ,9 ?is position1 %e 0      
consid]$ p]fectly safe f ! attacks ( !  
:ole ,greek fleet1 aid$ by !            
fire-frigate h]self1 z ! ,turks call$ ! 
,k>t]ia4 ,ha/+s proce$$ imm$iately to   
,tri*]i1 hop+ to surprise ! enemy by an 
attack dur+ ! night2 b he f\nd ! ,turks 
on ! al]t1 & _! well-direct$ fire (     

musketry r5d]$ x impossible to cont9ue !
 attack ) ! smalle/ *ance ( success4    
,at daylight next morn+1 ,ha/+s exam9$ !
 position ( ! enemy ) c>e1 b he saw !re 
0 no hope ( captur+ ! bomb-ket* or any (
 ! s*oon]s2 he !re=e det]m9$ to conf9e 8
 op]ations to de/roy+ !m4 ,aft] gett+ up
 ! /eam & heat+ a few %ot1 he /ood 9 to 
ab\t ?ree-qu>t]s ( a mile ( ! ,turki%   
%ip1 & go+ sl[ly r\nd 9 a l>ge circle1  
he br\ght 8 long guns to be>            
successively1 & fir$ !m ) ! greate/     
delib]ation4 ,he !n mov$ out ( gun-%ot (
 ! ,turki% batt]y to obs]ve ! effect ( 8
 fire4 ,9 ab\t half an h\r1 a quantity (
 smoke 0 obs]v$ to issue f ! l>ge       
,turki% vessel1 :i* ! enemy appe>$ at   
fir/ to disreg>d2 b1 9 a %ort "t1 !y    
seem$ to discov] t _! %ip 0 on fire1 =  
!y 7 se5 hurry+ d[n & ru%+ on bo>d 9    
great numb]s4 ,! c>ronades 7 n[ reload$ 
) %ells1 & ! long guns ) l>ge grape1 & !
 ,k>t]ia /ood 9 to prev5t ! enemy f     
cont9u+ 8 endeav\rs to ext+ui% ! fire4  
,! att5tion ( ! ,turks 0 ?us di/ract$2 !

 flames soon bur/ ?r\gh ! decks ( ! %ip1
 &1 cat*+ ! rigg+1 r5d]$ all approa* to 
h] impossible4 ,9 a %ort "t %e 0 a mass 
( flame2 & h] guns to ! l&-side1 hav+   
be5 load$1 w5t (f1 dis*>g+ _! %ot into !
 batt]y =m$ = h] protection4 ,z h] upp] 
works burn$ away1 %e drift$ f h] /ation2
 b gett+ aga9 on %ore aga9/ ! rocks1 h] 
magaz9e explod$1 & ! rema9s ( h] hull1 )
 all h] guns1 sank 9 deep wat]4 ,! ?ree 
s*oon]s also receiv$ sev]al %ells1 & 7 s
 injur$1 z to be r5d]$ unable to put to 
sea )\t und]go+ great repairs4  ,! loss 
( ! ,greek squadron 9 ?is exp$ition 0 v 
small2 only ?ree m5 7 kill$ & two w\nd$4
 ,b "o ( ! kill$ 0 ,james ,hall1 an     
,engli%man on bo>d ! ,k>t]ia--an old    
sailor ( a mo/ excell5t "*1 & possess$ (
 consid]able k 9 e bran* ( 8 pr(ession4 
,he 0 kill$ by a twelve-p\nd %ot f !    
batt]y at ,tri*]i4 ,?is %ot1 aft] break+
 ! claw ( an an*or1 reb\nd$1 &1 9 fall+1
 /ruck ,hall 9 ! pit ( ! /oma*1 & roll$ 
on ! deck1 z if x _h h>dly t\*$ 8 clo!s4
 ,he fell in/antly1 & 0 tak5 up q       

dead--! usual tranquil smile 8 features 
bore /ill l+]+ on 8 lips4 ,hall 0 n only
 a mo/ excell5t sailor1 b1 a truly hone/
 man1 & he 0 long rememb]$ & deeply     
regrett$ by all on bo>d ! ,k>t]ia4 ,8   
rema9s 7 committ$ to ! deep1 ,capta9    
,ha/+s read+ ! fun]al s]vice2 = !       
,engli% insi/$ t he w\ld h pref]r$ a    
sailor's fun]al to be+ int]r$ on %ore 9 
a ,greek *ur*y>d4  ,james ,hall 0 ! only
 human _s among ! rude crew ( ! ,k>t]ia1
 & aft] 8 dea? mo/ ( ! ,engli% sailors  
display$ ! feel+s ( savages4 ,"o old    
man-(-w>'s man1 :o _h s]v$ 9 _m a       
well-f\ght action1 decl>$ t he w\ld kill
 e ,turki% prison] tak5 9 ! prizes at   
,volo2 & he attempt$ "o night to break  
into ! cab9 abaft ! l>bo>d paddle-box1 9
 :i* "s ( ^! ,turks 7 conf9$4 ,arm$ ) a 
l>ge knife1 he proclaim$ t he 0 det]m9$ 
to kill ! prison]s1 & he call$ on ! o!r 
sailors to assi/ him4 ,he argu$1 t ! w> 
) ! ,turks 0 an irregul> w>f>e2 & z !   
,turks kill$ _! prison]s1 on ! gr\nd t  
!y 7 ei!r rebels or outlaws1 x 0 ! duty 

( ! ,greeks to kill e ,turk :o fell into
 _! p[]4 ,:5 br\ght be=e ,capta9 ,ha/+s1
 he p]si/$ 9 8 det]m9ation2 & ?\gh he 0 
p]fectly sob]1 he at la/ decl>$ t he    
w\ld quit ! s]vice1 unless ! ,engli% 7  
all[$ 9 future to kill ! prison]s4      
,ha/+s tri$ to reason ) him1 b 9 va94 ,x
 0 necess>y to put him "u arre/1 & :5 ! 
,kat]ia return$ to ,poros1 he dem&$ 8   
dis*>ge1 & quitt$ ,greece4  ,! ,k>t]ia  
suff]$ v sev]ely 9 h] hull & rigg+1 f ! 
fire ( ! ca/le at ,volo1 & ! batt]y at  
,tri*]i4 ,%e lo/ h] jib-boom1           
ma9-topma/1 gaff1 & l>bo>d cat-head1 &  
receiv$ mu* o!r damage2 s t x 0 necess>y
 to proce$ to ,poros to give h] a ?or\gh
 repair4 ,on h] way1 %e 0 =tunate en\gh 
to capture f\r vessels lad5 ) /ores &   
provisions = ! ,turks ( ,negropont4  ,at
 ,poros1 ,ha/+s f\nd ! affairs ( ! navy 
v little improv$ by ,"l ,co*rane's      
pres5ce 9 ,greece2 & we ?9k t we _c     
convey a bett] idea ( _! /ate1 ?an is   
conta9$ 9 a lett] :i* he address$ to 8  
lord%ip on ! #cj? ( ,april #ahbg4 ,x is 

) deep regret ,i see ! extreme discont5t
 on bo>d ! ,sauveur brig1 :i* seems to  
me to be greatly increas$ by1 if n      
entirely ow+ to1 ! ,greeks be+ paid 9   
advance1 & ! ,engli% be+ 9 arre>s (     
wages4 ,9 ?is c\ntry1 ,i mu/ repeat1 my 
"l1 no?+ c be done )\t regul> paym5ts4  
,by pay+ out ( my own funds :5 o!rs c\ld
 n be obta9$1 ,i h e/abli%$ ! confid5ce 
bo? ( ,greeks & ,engli% 9 ?is vessel1 z 
f> z money is conc]n$2 b ,i _c cont9ue  
to pay out ( my own pocket4 ,if funds   
are n =?com+1 ,i beg leave to resign4   
,:il/ ,i am on bo>d1 ! p w always       
consid] me p]sonally responsible = _!   
wages2 & ,i mu/ aga9 rem>k1 ,i h suff]$ 
already mu* too sev]ely 9 my private    
=tune 9 ?is s]vice to admit ( my mak+   
fur!r sacrifices4 ,besides wages = !    
crew1 ,i h v>i\s exp5ses to repair      
damages su/a9$ 9 ! late actions at ,volo
 & ,tri*]i4 ,capta9 ,ha/+s 01 h[ev]1 at 
?is "t1 easily induc$ to cont9ue 8      
s]vices on bo>d ! ,k>t]ia1 z ! defeat ( 
! ,greek army be=e ,a!ns on ! #f? (     

,may1 & ! dep>ture ( ,g5]al ,gordon1    
,c\nt ,porro1 & sev]al o!r ,philhell5es1
 :o consid]$ ! cause utt]ly hopeless1   
r5d]$ ! mom5t unsuitable = 8            
resignation4  ,! ,k>t]ia 0 aga9 fitt$ = 
sea ) ! greate/ exp$ition1 & jo9$ ,"l   
,co*rane1 :5 he made an unsuccessful    
attempt to surprise & capture ,ibrahim  
,pa%a at ,cl>5za4 ,ha/+s 0 sep>at$ f !  
,hellas by bad wea!r1 & 9 return+ to !  
r5dezv\s at ,spetzia1 he lo/ two ( 8    
ma/s & two m51 9 a hurricane (f ,cape   
,malea4 ,%ortly aft] 8 return to ,poros1
 :]e he 0 aga9 compell$ to refit1 he    
receiv$ ! foll[+ laconic communication f
 ,"l ,co*rane1 9 :i* all m5tion ( a     
r5dezv\s 0 omitt$4       ,memo4--,if !  
,p]sev]ance is fit = s]vice1 please jo9 
!      squadron )\t delay4              
,,co*rane4         ,hellas1 #g? ,june   
#ahbg4         ,capta9 ,ha/+s1          
,p]sev]ance4   ,9 consequ5ce ( ?is ord]1
 ,capta9 ,ha/+s set out 9 se>* ( ,"l    
,co*rane4 ,a s]ies ( fruitless cruises  
foll[$1 9 :i* e division ( ! ,turki%    

fleet contriv$ to escape ! ,greeks4 ,at 
la/1 x 0 resolv$ t an attack %\ld be    
made on ,vasiladhi1 ! little =t :i*     
comm&s ! entrance into ! lagoons (      
,missolonghi2 & ! :ole fleet1 "u ! comm&
 ( ,"l ,co*rane 9 p]son1 appe>$ (f t    
place4 ,! attempt 0 only p]si/$ 9 = a   
%ort "t1 & x fail$4  ,! treaty ( ! #f? (
 ,july #ahbg1 = ! pacification ( !      
affairs ( ,greece1 betwe5 ,great        
,brita91 ,france1 & ,russia1 n[ became  
kn[n to ! ,greeks2 & ! news /imulat$ bo?
 !m & _! fri5ds to make increas$        
ex]tions1 9 ord] t ! ,allies might f9d z
 mu* ( ! c\ntry z possible already      
deliv]$ f ! ,turki% yoke4 ,a small      
squadron ( t5 ,turki% brigs hav+ ent]$ !
 ,gulf ( ,lepanto1 ,"l ,co*rane gave    
,ha/+s an ord] to pursue !m1 conceiv$ 9 
! foll[+ flatt]+ t]ms3--      ,(f       
,missolonghi1 #ah? ,sept4 #ahbg4        
,y h be5 good en\gh to volunte] to      
proce$ into ! ,gulf      ( ,lepanto1    
into :i*1 "u exi/+ circum/ances1 ,i %\ld
      n h ord]$ ! ,p]sev]ance 7,k>t]ia47

 ,i !re=e leave      all ! proce$+s to  
y\r judgm5t1 intimat+ only1 t !         
transport+ ( ,g5]al ,*ur*'s troops to ! 
nor? ( ! gulf1      & ! de/ruction or   
capture ( ! enemy's vessels1 w be       
s]vices ( high importance to ! cause (  
,greece4   ,capta9 ,ha/+s imm$iately    
ent]$ ! gulf1 pass+ ?r\gh ! =midable    
/rait betwe5 ! ca/les ( ! ,morea &      
,r\melia1 call$ ! ,d>danelles (         
,lepanto1 dur+ ! night4 ,on ! #bi? (    
,septemb]1 hav+ collect$ 8 little       
squadron1 consi/+ ( ! ,k>t]ia1 ! brig   
,sauveur ( eighte5 guns1 comm&$ by      
,capta9 ,?omas1 & two gun-boats1 ea*    
m\nt+ a long ?irty-two p\nd]2 ,ha/+s    
/ood into ! bay ( ,salona 7,amphissa7 to
 attack a ,turki% squadron1 consi/+ (   
n9e vessels1 an*or$ "u ! protection (   
batt]ies1 & a l>ge body ( troops plac$  
at ! ,scala ( ,salona4 ,?ree ,au/rian   
m]*antm5 9 ! port 7 also fill$ ) arm$   
m51 9 spite ( ! remon/rances ( _! ma/]s1
 & assi/$ 9 def5d+ ! squadron at an*or4 
,ab\t t5 o'clock ,a4,m41 ! ,k>t]ia1     

foll[$ by ! ,sauveur & ! two gun-boats1 
/ood into ! bay to attack ?is =midable  
position4 ,! ,turks 7 s confid5t (      
victory1 t !y 7 eag] to see ! ,greek    
%ips an*or z ne> !m z possible4 ,!y     
!re=e )held _! fire until ,capta9 ,ha/+s
 made ! signal = an*or+4 ,! ,k>t]ia     
proce$$ mu* ne>] ! %ore ?an ! sail+     
vessels1 & hav+ an*or$ )9 five hundr$   
y>ds1 opposite ! vessel :i* bore ! flag 
( ! ,turki% commodore1 %e op5$ h] fire4 
,! ,turks !n comm5c$ a furi\s cannonade 
f upw>ds ( sixty pieces ( artill]y2 b !y
 _h h>dly "t to reload ! great] "p ( !  
guns on bo>d _! %ips4 ,capta9 ,ha/+s1   
be=e go+ into action1 _h heat$ sev]al   
%ells1 ?9k+ t sixty-eight p\nd %ot might
 pass ?r\gh bo? sides ( ! vessels he 0  
ab\t to engage s ne>1 z !y 7 pr9cipally 
con/ruct$ ( fir4 ,aft] fir+ "o broadside
 ( cold %ot to make sure ( ! range1 8   
second consi/$ ( two hot %ells f ! long 
guns1 & two c>cass-%ells f ! c>ronades4 
,"o ( ^! lodg$ 9 ! hull ( ! ,turki%     
commodore1 &1 rea*+ ! p[d]-magaz9e1 !   

action comm5c$ by bl[+ up 8 %ip4#ab ,a  
c>cass-%ell explod+ 9 ! b[s ( ! brig    
an*or$ next to ! commodore1 %e sank     
=w>d1 :ile a hot %ell /rik+ h] /]n1 :i* 
/ood up 9 ! %all[ wat]1 x 0 soon        
envelop$ 9 flames4 ,9 a few m9utes1     
ano!r vessel 0 p]ceiv$ to be on fire2 & 
a f9e ,alg]9e s*oon]1 m\nt+ tw5ty long  
brass guns1 hav+ receiv$ a %ell :i*     
explod$ betwe5 h] decks1 0 ab&on$ by h] 
crew4  ,! battle ( ,salona af=d$ ! mo/  
satisfactory pro(s ( ! effici5cy ( !    
armam5t ( /eam-boats1 ) heavy guns1 :i* 
,capta9 ,ha/+s _h s long & s w>mly      
advocat$4 ,! t]rific & rapid mann] 9 :i*
 a =ce s greatly sup]ior to 8 own 0     
utt]ly annihilat$ by ! hot %ot & %ells (
 ! ,k>t]ia1 sil5c$ ! oppon5ts ( ,capta9 
,ha/+s' plan ?r\gh\t all ,europe4 ,f t  
day x became evid5t to all :o /udi$ !   
progress ( naval w>f>e1 t e nation 9    
,europe mu/ adopt 8 pr9ciples ( m>9e    
artill]y1 & arm "s vessels 9 _! fleets  
on ! model he _h giv5 !m4 ,9 ,greece !  
"q ( cont9u+ to hire m]*ant %ips to =m a

 fleet 0 put to re/2 & ! necessity (    
comm5c+ ! =mation ( a national navy 0 n[
 admitt$ by ,hydriotes1 ,spetziotes1 &  
,ps>iotes4  ,! s]vices ( ! o!r vessels 9
 ! ,greek squadron at ,salona1 ?\gh     
eclips$ by ! sup]ior armam5t ( ! ,k>t]ia
 ought n to be ov]look$4 ,capta9 ,?omas1
 :o comm&$ ! ,sauveur1 display$ all !   
c\rage1 activity1 & skill ( an exp]i5c$ 
,engli% (fic]2 he sil5c$ ! two batt]ies1
 on :i* ! ,turks _h plac$ great         
dep5d5ce1 z alone suffici5t to prev5t ! 
,greeks f ent]+ ! port2 & by a          
well-direct$ fire ( grape1 he compell$ !
 troops :i* l9$ ! %ore to get "u ! cov] 
( ! irregul> gr\nd 9 ! neighb\rhood4    
,ha/+s !n made ! signal = all ! boats ( 
! squadron to take possession ( !       
,alg]9e s*oon] & ! two o!r brigs :i* 7 n
 on fire4  ,a sev]e conte/ took place 9 
ord] to ga9 possession ( ! s*oon]2 = !  
fire ( ! ,greek %ips be+ susp5d$ z !    
boats approa*$ h]1 ! ,turki% troops     
sprang f _! hid+-places1 & ru%$ to !    
edge ( ! rocks1 :i* comm&$ a view ( h]  

deck4 ,f ?is position !y op5$ a heavy   
fire ( musketry on ^? :o _h m\nt$ h]    
sides4 ,! fire ( ! gun-boats aga9 cle>$ 
! bea*2 b ! ,turks contriv$ to keep up a
 sev]e fire at int]vals1 & ,mr ,scanlan1
 ! fir/ lieut5ant ( ! ,sauveur1 0 kill$1
 & sev]al o!rs w\nd$1 9 attempt+ to get 
h] "u weigh4 ,capta9 ,ha/+s /eam$ up to 
! s*oon] at la/1 & hav+ got h]          
/ream-cable made fa/1 attempt$ to move  
h]2 b ! cable broke1 & x became evid5t t
 ! fall+ tide 9 ! bay _h fix$ h] firmly 
on ! gr\nd4 ,) incr$ible ex]tions h]    
long brass guns 7 all sav$1 & %e 0 !n   
set on fire4 ,mr ,phalangas1 a ,greek   
(fic]1 ! fir/ lieut5ant ( ! ,k>t]ia1 0  
also w\nd$ 9 sett+ fire to a brig an*or$
 at "s di/ance f ! re/4 ,! boats !n     
conclud$ ! day by driv+ ! ,turks f !    
,au/rian m]*antm51 & br++ out ^! vessels
 z prizes4  ,9 ?is engagem5t n9e ,turki%
 vessels 7 de/roy$1 ?\gh def5d$ by      
batt]ies on %ore & upw>ds ( #ejj vet]an 
troops2 yet x co/ ! assailants only six 
m5 kill$ & a few w\nd$4 ,9 ! despat* (  

,capta9 ,ha/+s1 ann\nc+ ! victory1 he   
pays a high tribute to ! m]its ( ,capta9
 ,hane1 :o _h s]v$ ) him at ! siege (   
,nauplia 9 #ahbb1 & 9 ,crete dur+ !     
campaign ( #ahbc4 ,! s]vices ( ,capta9  
,hane ( ! artill]y1 s]v+ on bo>d ?is    
vessel1 are too well kn[n on e =m]      
occasion to make x necess>y = me to say 
m ?an t ,i am equally indebt$ to him n[ 
z on o!r occasions4  ,ibrahim ,pa%a 0 at
 ,nav>9 ) an imm5se fleet1 :5 he he>d ( 
! de/ruction ( 8 %ips 9 ! bay ( ,salona4
 ,sir ,edw>d ,codr+ton & ,admiral de    
,rigny _h1 on ! #be? ( ,septemb]1 ent]$ 
into conv5tion ) him to susp5d all      
ho/ilities aga9/ ! ,greeks until he %\ld
 receive answ]s f ,con/ant9ople &       
,alex&ria to ! communications made on ! 
"p ( ! ?ree alli$ p[]s2 b nei!r ,ha/+s  
nor ! ,turki% commodore 9 ! ,gulf (     
,lepanto 7 aw>e ( ?is circum/ance4 ,!   
rage ( ,ibrahim :5 he he>d ( ! result ( 
! affair at ,salona knew no b\nds1 & he 
det]m9$ to inflict ! sev]e/ v5geance on 
,ha/+s1 ^: little squadron he ?\ght he  

c\ld easily annihilate4  ,sir ,edw>d    
,codr+ton1 aft] arrang+ ! t]ms ( !      
conv5tion1 _h repair$ to ,zante to wait 
! arrival ( sev]al vessels he expect$1 &
 ,admiral de ,rigny _h left ,nav>9 to   
collect ! ,fr5* =ce 9 ! ,ar*ipelago4    
,ibrahim1 see+ t !re 7 no %ips ( !      
allies at ,nav>9 capable ( /opp+ 8      
fleet1 ord]$ tw5ty-six m5-(-w> to put to
 sea on ! #cj? ( ,septemb]4 ,he emb>k$  
himself ) ?is division ( 8 fleet1       
det]m9$ to witness ! de/ruction ( !     
,greek squadron4 ,a viol5t gale1 h[ev]1 
compell$ him to put back on ! #c;d (    
,octob]2 b a "p ( 8 fleet1 "u ! comm& ( 
! ,patrona ,bey1 p]si/+ 9 its endeav\rs 
to ent] ! ,gulf ( ,lepanto1 0 pursu$ by 
,admiral ,codr+ton1 :o =c$ x to return  
to ,nav>91 b n until he _h f\nd himself 
oblig$ to fire into sev]al ( ! ,ottoman 
%ips4 ,z ! ,engli% admiral _h at ! "t a 
v small =ce at ,zante1 _m ( ! ,turki%   
%ips might1 9 spite ( all 8 ex]tions1 h 
escap$ into ! gulf1 unless he _h be5    
aid$ 9 arre/+ _! progress by a          

succession ( gales :i* blew on ! #d?1   
#e?1 & #f? ( ,octob]4 ,^! gales assi/$  
,sir ,edw>d ,codr+ton 9 compell+ ! :ole 
( ! disp]s$ fleet ( ! ,patrona ,bey to  
seek refuge 9 ! port ( ,nav>94  ,9 !    
mean "t ! position ( ,capta9 ,ha/+s 0 "o
 ( extreme dang]1 & ,"l ,co*rane1 :o    
address$ 8 la/ (ficial communication to 
him on ! #ab? ( ,octob]1 conveys 8 p>t+ 
words ( praise & confid5ce 9 ! foll[+   
t]ms3--,y h done s mu* good1 & s mu* is 
anticipat$ f y\r keep+ op5 !            
communications betwe5 ! %ores ( ! gulf1 
t ,i ?9k y w\ld d well to rema9 = a :ile
 :]e y are4 ,y occupy1 h[ev]1 a position
 ( risk1 if ! reports are true reg>d+ ! 
fleet be+ (f ,patras2 & !re=e ,i leave y
 to act 9 all ?+s z y judge be/ = !     
public s]vice4 ,ha/+s1 z soon z he 0    
in=m$ ( ,ibrahim ,pa%a's int5tion to    
attack him1 & be=e he _h receiv$ ! news 
( 8 deliv]ance by ! movem5t ( ,sir      
,edw>d ,codr+ton's squadron1 _h select$ 
! spot 9 :i* he hop$ to be able to defy 
! attacks ( ! :ole fleet s5t aga9/ him4 

,he *ose a small bay at ! ea/]n         
extremity ( ! ,gulf ( ,cor9?1 =m$ 9 !   
rocky precipices ( ,m\nt ,g]anion1 & op5
 to ! ,alcyonian sea4 ,?is little bay or
 port is call$ ,/rav4 ,its entrance is  
protect$ by two rocky isl&s1 & x is     
b\nd$ on ! cont95t by a succession (    
precipices cov]$ by p9e woods1 :i* r5d] 
! deb>kation ( a l>ge =ce 9 !           
neighb\rhood v difficult4 ,ha/+s propos$
 to def5d ?is position by l&+ f\r ( 8   
guns on ! ma9l& & ! isl&s2 & he made e  
prep>ation = receiv+ ! ,egyptians ) a   
well-su/a9$ fire ( hot %ot1 :ile a numb]
 ( ,greek troops 7 assembl$ to man !    
rocks ar\nd4  ,!re c be no d\bt t       
,ibrahim ,pa%a committ$ a blund] 9      
violat+ ! conv5tion into :i* he _h j    
ent]$1 & 8 attempt at tak+ v5geance into
 8 own h&s1 in/ead ( appeal+ to ! ?ree  
alli$ p[]s1 creat$ great di/ru/ on ! "p 
( ! admirals4 ,!y naturally en\gh       
conceiv$ t he w\ld always hold himself  
ready to take e advantage ( _! abs5ce1 &
 _! only me?od ( effectually wat*+ !    

imm5se fleet assembl$ at ,nav>9 0 by    
br++ _! own squadrons to an an*or 9 t   
imm5se h>b\r4 ,! battle ( ,nav>91 on !  
#bj? ( ,octob]1 0 ! natural consequ5ce (
 ! di/ru/ on ! "o side1 & ! eag] desire 
( rev5ge on ! o!r1 :i* r5d]$ ! proximity
 ( ! diff]5t fleets necess>y4 ,! affair 
( ,capta9 ,ha/+s at ,salona1 z "o ( !   
proximate causes ( ?is great naval      
engagem5t1 acquires an hi/orical        
importance f> exce$+ its m]e milit>y    
results4 ,9 ! eyes ( ! ,greeks & ,turks 
x v ju/ly occupies a prom95t place 9 !  
hi/ory ( ! ,greek w>1 z x is by !m      
always view$ z ! l9k :i* connects _!    
milit>y op]ations ) ! celebrat$ battle (
 ,nav>94  ,! de/ruction ( ! ,turki% &   
,egyptian fleets deliv]$ ,greece f      
imm95t p]il2 b 9 ! exultation creat$ by 
! assurance t _! indep5d5ce 0 firmly    
e/abli%$1 ! ,greek gov]nm5t began to    
=get ! s]vices :i* ! ,k>t]ia _h r5d]$ 9 
! days ( _! despair4 ,no supplies ( any 
k9d 7 =w>d$ to ,capta9 ,ha/+s1 :o rema9$
 9 ! gulf2 bo? ,"l ,co*rane & ! gov]nm5t

 all[$ him to rema9 )\t provisions1 & 8 
crew w\ld h 9 great "p quitt$ him1      
unless he _h paid ! m5 _! wages f 8 own 
=tune4 ,on ! #ag? ( ,novemb] he wrote to
 ,"l ,co*rane1 urg+ ! necessity ( s5d+  
him "s assi/ance4 ,?is lett]1 :i* rema9$
 unansw]$1 conta9s ! foll[+             
passages3--,i am n[ sev5 ?\s& p\nds out 
( pocket by my s]vices 9 ,greece1 & ,i  
am daily exp5d+ my own money = ! public 
s]vice4 ,our prizes are s]v+ z          
transports = ! army1 & we mu/ ei!r      
%ortly ab&on ?is position or be paid4   
,)\t money ,i _c any long] ma9ta9 ?is   
vessel4 ,i w d all ,i c2 b ,i mu/       
repeat1 t x is n q fair ,i %\ld end a   
begg>1 aft] all ! lab\r1 vexation1 &    
disappo9tm5t ,i h exp]i5c$ = s _m ye>s4 
,! only body ( troops available = any   
national purpose1 :i* _h be5 kept toge!r
 aft] ! loss ( ,a!ns1 ) ! exception ( ! 
corps ( regul> troops "u ,g5]al ,fabvi]1
 0 t assembl$ by ,g5]al ,*ur* on ! s\!rn
 %ores ( ! ,gulf ( ,lepanto4 ,z soon z !
 battle ( ,nav>9 _h p>alys$ ! movem5ts (

 ! ,turks1 ,g5]al ,*ur* det]m9$ to      
transport 8 troops f ! ,morea into      
,ac>nania1 :]e ! ,greek capta9s1 :o _h  
submitt$ to ! ,turks1 (f]$ aga9 to take 
up arms1 if an adequate =ce appe>$ 9 !  
prov9ce to support !m4 ,! pr9cipal      
object :i* deta9$ ! ,k>t]ia 9 ! gulf _h 
be5 to assi/ ! movem5ts ( ,g5]al ,*ur*1 
:o n[ resolv$ to cross ov] to ,ac>nania 
f ,cape ,papas4 ,on ! ev5+ ( ! #ag? (   
,novemb]1 ,capta9 ,ha/+s receiv$ a      
communication f ,g5]al ,*ur*1 reque/+   
him to appe> (f ,cape ,papas next day4  
,9 ord] to arrive at ! r5dezv\s 9 "t1   
,ha/+s 0 compell$ to quit ! gulf 9 !    
daytime1 & consequ5tly to expose 8 own  
%ip & ! ?ree prizes to ! fire ( ! ca/les
 ( ! ,morea & ,romelia--an act ( ra%ness
 ( :i* he w\ld n will+ly h be5 guilty4  
,! ca/le ( ! ,morea m\nt$ ab\t sixty    
guns1 & t ( ,romelia tw5ty-sev52 ^?     
comm&+ ! /raights 7 ( l>ge calibre4 ,z  
_! fire cross$1 ! passage ( !           
,d>danelles ( ,lepanto 0 always consid]$
 a dang]\s ent]prise2 & c]ta9ly1 if !   

batt]ies _h be5 s]v$ by good artill]ym51
 no %ip c\ld h v5tur$ "u _! fire )\t be+
 de/roy$4 ,ev5 ) ! gunn]s ( ,ibrahim    
,pa%a's army1 ! passage 0 att5d$ )      
consid]able risk4  ,! little squadron ( 
,capta9 ,ha/+s approa*$ ! ca/les ab\t   
noon on a beautiful day4 ,! ,k>t]ia1    
lead+ ) a fav\rable w9d1 & spread+ an   
imm5se ext5t ( canvass f h] f\r l[ ma/s1
 glid$ along ) ! aid ( h] /eam at an    
amaz+ rate4 ,h] ?ree prizes1 foll[$ ) e 
sail set1 & two ,greek mi/icos avail$   
!mselves ( ! opportunity ( quitt+ ! gulf
 9 ord] to cruise z private]s betwe5    
,patras & ,missolonghi4 ,! mom5t !      
,k>t]ia came )9 gun-%ot ( ! ,turki%     
ca/les1 !y op5$ _! fire2 & = "s "t !    
balls fell ?ick ar\nd h]--^? ( bo?      
ca/les pass+ ov] h] hull1 & fall+ beyond
 _! m>k4 ,sev]al %ot1 h[ev]1 /ruck h]   
sails1 & ! sl[ & regul> mann] 9 :i* ea* 
gun 0 dis*>g$ z x came to be>1 indicat$ 
t ! passage 0 n likely to be effect$ )\t
 "s loss4 ,=tunately v few %ot /ruck !  
hull ( ! ,k>t]ia1 yet ! damage %e       

receiv$ 0 n inconsid]able4 ,! funnel 0  
%ot ?r\gh1 a pat5t w9dlass 0 brok5 to   
pieces1 & ! fragm5ts ( ! iron :eels     
scatt]$ ab\t ! decks l a %[] ( grape4   
,sev]al paddles 7 wr5*$ (f ! />bo>d     
paddle-:eel1 & "o %ot pass$ ?r\gh ! side
 ne> ! wat]'s edge4 ,two ( ! be/ sailors
 on bo>d 7 kill$ by a tw5ty-f\r p\nd %ot
 :ile work+ a gun on ! qu>t]-deck4 ,! h&
 ( a boy 0 c>ri$ away by ano!r1 & yet   
all ?is loss 0 su/a9$ ere ! ,k>t]ia _h  
rea*$ ! c5tre ( ! passage4 ,at ! mom5t  
:5 e %ot 0 tak+ effect1 ! ,turks sudd5ly
 lo/ ! range4 ,e succe$+ %ot pass$ ov] !
 /eam]1 & %e proce$$ along "u ! fire ( m
 ?an half ! guns1 )\t receiv+ any       
additional damage4 ,! ,turks 7 only able
 to reload a few guns to dis*>ge at !   
re/ ( ! squadron1 :i* escap$ un9jur$4   
,! loss ( two m5 kill$ & "o w\nd$1      
di/ress$ ,capta9 ,ha/+s4 ,he 0 sure !   
,turks at ,patras w\ld soon receive an  
exagg]at$ acc\nt ( ! damage he _h       
su/a9$1 f _! spies at ,zante2 & z ?is   
w\ld embold5 ^? :o furni%$ _! camp )    

provisions1 he 0 extremely anxi\s to    
de/roy any vessels t might be an*or$ at 
,patras1 9 ord] to conv9ce ! enemy t !  
,k>t]ia 0 to be dread$1 ev5 aft] receiv+
 ! greate/ injury4 ,a fav\rable         
opportunity =tunately (f]$ itself (     
display+ ! p[] ( ! /eam] to ,ibrahim    
,pa%a's camp at ,patras4 ,on approa*+ ! 
road/ead1 a brig heavily lad5 0 se5 at  
an*or1 :i* _h evid5tly arriv$ ! prec$+  
night1 little expect+ t ! ,greek        
squadron w\ld quit ! gulf 9 ! daytime4  
,ha/+s imm$iately made e prep>ation =   
cutt+ h] out1 b ! ,au/rian consul 0 se5 
approa*+ 9 a small boat1 ) a flag l !   
ensign ( a ?ree-deck]4 ,! foll[+        
dialogue took place betwe5 him & ,ha/+s 
alongside ! ,k>t]ia1 :ile ! ,au/rians 9 
! brig 7 actively engag$ 9 gett+ e ?+   
ready to haul _! vessel1 at a mom5t's   
w>n+1 "u a batt]y ( ,turki% field-pieces
 plac$ on ! bea*4  ,ha/+s4--,z ,au/rian 
consul1 y mu/ be aw>e t ! ,greek        
gov]nm5t h be5 blockad+ ,patras = "s "t1
 & t !re is n[ a gun-boat cruis+ (f !   

port4  ,au/rian ,consul4--,my gov]nm5t  
ackn[l$ges no su* au?ority z a ,greek   
gov]nm5t1 &1 consequ5tly1 does n admit !
 validity ( its acts4  ,ha/+s4--,my     
ord]s1 h[ev]1 are to en=ce ^? acts4 ,i  
mu/1 !re=e1 reque/ y to proce$          
imm$iately to ! ,au/rian brig at an*or 9
 ! ,h>b\r1 & ord] ! ma/] to come on bo>d
 ) 8 pap]s4  ,au/rian ,consul4--,i      
believe ,i am speak+ to an ,engli%man2 &
 nei!r ,au/ria nor ,turkey be+ at w> )  
,engl&1 y are b\nd to respect ! ,au/rian
 flag4  ,ha/+s4--,y are speak+1 sir1 to 
an (fic] 9 ! ,greek s]vice1 comm&+ !    
squadron blockad+ ,patras2 & if !       
,au/rian brig does n place itself "u my 
protection 9 five m9utes1 ,i %all fire  
into ! ,turki% camp1 & x w be de/roy$4  
,9 say+ ?is1 ,capta9 ,ha/+s took out 8  
wat* & left ! consul1 :o va9ly endeav\r$
 to r5ew ! conv]sation 9 ord] to ga9 "t4
 ,:5 he quitt$ ! ,k>t]ia1 he pull$ t[>ds
 ! %ore1 in/ead ( proce$+ to communicate
 ,ha/+s' ord]s to ! ma/] ( ! brig4 ,?is 
be+1 app>5tly1 a conc]t$ signal1 !      

greate/ ex]tions 7 sudd5ly comm5ce to   
haul ! ,au/rian vessel "u ! guns ( !    
batt]y4  ,ha/+s all[$ ! ,au/rian consul 
five m9utes to rea* ! %ore2 & z he 0 n  
incl9$ to expose 8 crew to any loss 9   
tak+ possession ( a prize :i* he c\ld   
easily de/roy )\t dang]1 he direct$ 8   
fire aga9/ ! ,au/rian brig4 ,z soon z he
 f\nd t he 0 approa*+ ! range ( !       
,turki% batt]y1 he fir$ a few %ells into
 x & ! ,au/rian vessel4 ,"o ( ^! explod+
 9 h] hull ne> ! wat]'s edge1 tore out  
great "p ( h] side1 & %e sank almo/     
in/antane\sly1 b>ely leav+ "t = ! crew  
to escape 9 ! long-boat4  ,on ! #bh? (  
,novemb]1 ,g5]al ,*ur* rea*$ ,cape      
,papas ) ! fir/ division ( 8 army1      
consi/+ ( only six hundr$ m51 :i* 0     
emb>k$ & transport$ to ,dragome/r4 ,two 
days aft]1 ! squadron return$1 & convey$
 ov] to ,romelia ! rema9d] ( ! ,greek   
troops1 n exce$+ sev5 hundr$ soldi]s2 s 
t ,g5]al ,*ur* op5$ 8 w9t] campaign 9   
,ac>nania1 :i* l$ to ! conque/ ( t      
prov9ce1 ) a =ce ( only "o ?\s& ?ree    

hundr$ fight+ m54  ,:ile ! ,greek army 0
 engag$ 9 =tify+ its position at        
,dragome/r1 ,capta9 ,ha/+s resolv$ to   
attack ,vasiladhi--! small insul> =t    
comm&+ ! entrance into ! lagoons (      
,missolonghi & ,anatolikon1 :i* ,"l     
,co*rane _h attempt$ 9 va9 to capture   
ab\t ?ree mon?s be=e4 ,on ! #bb;d (     
,decemb] he an*or$ ab\t ?ree ?\s& y>ds f
 ! =t1 f9d+ t x 0 impossible to br+ !   
,k>t]ia any ne>]4 ,= ne>ly a mile r\nd  
,vasiladhi1 ! dep? ( ! wat] does n exce$
 ?ree feet1 & ! =t itself rises little m
 ?an six feet above ! level ( ! sea4 ,! 
bomb>dm5t ( su* a place 0 a delicate    
op]ation1 requir+ ! mo/ fav\rable wea!r1
 & ! v be/ artill]y practice4 ,! fir/   
day ! attempt 0 made1 two hundr$ %ells 7
 fir$ )\t produc+ any effect4 ,:5 fir$  
en rico*et1 !y div]g$ to ! "r & left 9 a
 mann] :i* gave ,vasiladhi ! appe>ance (
 an en*ant$ spot4 ,capta9 ,ha/+s        
conjectur$ t ?is s+ul> circum/ance 0 ow+
 to ! %all[ness ( ! wat]2 ! mud approa*+
 ! surface close to ! =t1 af=d$ s mu* m 

resi/ance to ! %ells :i* fell 9 its     
imm$iate vic9ity1 z to cause a m m>k$   
deviation 9 ! l9e ( _! prim>y direction4
  ,at ! same "t x 0 f\nd t ^? %ells :i* 
7 fir$ ) a *>ge ( eight p\nds ( p[d]1 at
 tw5ty-?ree degrees ( elevation--!      
highe/ elevation t c\ld be giv5 to !    
long guns--all v>i$ to ! "r1 ?\gh ! day 
0 p]fectly calm4 ,?is v>iation appe>$ to
 be caus$ by a /rong curr5t ( air at "s 
height above ! e>?'s surface2 b x 0 s   
irregul> t x 0 f\nd impossible to make  
any correct all[ance = x2 & x 0 s+ul>1 t
 any w9d p]ceptible on ! deck ( !       
,k>t]ia blew 9 ! contr>y direction4  ,= 
"s days aft] ?is unsuccessful attempt1 !
 wea!r 0 too /ormy to ?9k ( r5ew+ !     
attack2 b on ! #bi? ( ,decemb] ! day 0  
p]fectly calm1 & ! atmosph]e ( t        
transp>5t cle>ness :i* *>act]ises !     
climate ( ,greece4 ,ha/+s det]m9$ to    
bomb>d ,vasiladhi a second "t4 ,! fir/  
%ell fir$ indicat$ t ! circum/ances 7 n[
 fav\rable2 & ! f\r?1 :i* ,capta9 ,ha/+s
 fir$ ) 8 own h&1 explod$ 9 !           

p[d]-magaz9e4 ,all ! boats 7 in/antly   
ord]$ out to /orm ! place2 b ! ,turks 7 
?r[n into su* a /ate ( confusion by !   
explosion ( ! p[d]1 & ! fire :i* bur/   
out 9 _! huts1 t !y 7 unable to (f] any 
resi/ance2 & ! assailants1 comm&$ by    
,capta9 ,hane ( ! artill]y1 ent]$ !     
place1 seiz$ ! arms ( ! ,turks1 & set !m
 to "w at ext+ui%+ ! fire1 :i* 0 spread+
 to ! magaz9e ( provisions1 z if !y _h  
only arriv$ to assi/ _! fri5ds4 ,!re 7  
fifty-"o ,turks 9 ! =t2 twelve _h be5   
kill$ by ! explosion4  ,capta9 ,ha/+s   
ord]$ all ! prison]s to be transport$ on
 bo>d ! ,k>t]ia2 & z he c\ld ill sp>e   
any ( 8 provisions1 & c\ld n encumb] 8  
vessel ) enemies :o requir$ to be gu>d$1
 he resolv$ to release !m imm$iately4   
,he !re=e in=m$ ! ,turki% comm&ant t he 
w\ld s5d him to ,missolonghi 9 a        
monoxylon1 or canoe us$ 9 ! lagoons1 9  
ord] to procure two l>ge flat-bottom$   
boats to take away ! prison]s4 ,! ,turk1
 :o consid]$ ?is 0 only a polite way (  
lett+ him "k t he 0 to be dr[n$ or      

suffocat$ 9 ! mud1 %[$1 nev]!less1 no   
signs ( fe> or ang]4 ,he ?ank$ ,capta9  
,ha/+s = ! soldi]-l mann] 9 :i* he _h   
be5 treat$1 & said t1 z a prison]1 x 0 8
 duty to meet dea? 9 any way 8 conqu]or 
might det]m9e4 ,! sc5e at la/ began to  
assume a comic "*2--= ,ha/+s 0 ! la/    
p]son on bo>d to p]ceive t 8 prison]    
suppos$ t he 0 ab\t to be murd]$ by 8   
ord]s2 & ! ,turki% comm&ant 0 ! only "o 
:o did n und]/& t x 0 really ,ha/+s'    
int5tion to s5d him to ,missolonghi 9   
p]fect safety4 ,:5 ! ,turk 0 conduct$ to
 ! monoxylon1 9 :i* "o ( 8 own m5 0     
seat$1 9 ord] to paddle ! boat ?r\gh !  
lagoon1 he 0 conv9c$ ( 8 error1 & 8     
expressions ( gratitude to ,ha/+s 7 w>m1
 ?\gh z dignifi$ z 8 previ\s conduct4   
,! flat-bottom$ boats arriv$ next day1 &
 took away ! prison]s4 ,!y br\ght a %eep
 & a sabre z a pres5t to ,capta9 ,ha/+s 
f ! ,turki% comm&ant1 accompani$ by a   
lett] express+ 8 regret t !             
comm&]-9-*ief 9 ,missolonghi w\ld n all[
 him to come himself to visit 8         

b5efactor4  ,! conque/ ( ,vasiladhi did 
n dim9i% ! difficulties ) :i* ,ha/+s 0  
surr\nd$1 nor remove any ( !            
disagreeable circum/ances att5dant on ! 
neglect ) :i* he 0 treat$ by ,"l        
,co*rane & ! ,greek gov]nm5t4 ,on ! #g? 
( ,janu>y #ahbh1 he wrote to a fri5d 9 !
 foll[+ despond+ t]ms3--,i am full (    
mis]y4 ,i h n a doll>4 ,i owe my p ?ree 
mon?s' pay1 & five doll>s a man gratuity
 = ,vasiladhi4 ,i h no provisions4 ,i h 
lo/ an an*or & *a94 ,if ,i c get out (  
my pres5t difficulties1 ,i may p]haps g 
into ! gulf4  ,on ! #af? ( ,janu>y he   
wrote to ! ,greek gov]nm5t1 /at+ all !  
difficulties ( 8 position1 & compla9+ ( 
! mann] 9 :i* ! ,k>t]ia _h be5 left     
entirely dep5d5t on 8 private res\rces4 
,he wrote3 ,x has become an e/abli%$    
maxim to leave ?is vessel )\t any       
supplies4 ,dr ,goss has j be5 at ,zante1
 & has left ?ree hundr$ doll>s = !      
,helvetia1 n[ s]v+ "u my ord]s--b n "o  
f>?+1 no provisions1 & n ev5 a s+le ^w1 
= me4 ,five mon?s ago1 ,i 0 eight ?\s&  

doll>s 9 advance = ! pay ( my crew2 &1  
s9ce t "t1 ,i h only receiv$ "o ?\s&    
doll>s f ! naval *e/ ( ,"l ,co*rane1 &  
six hundr$ f ! milit>y ( ,g5]al ,*ur*4  
,?is la/ sum is n ev5 suffici5t to pay !
 exp5ses incurr$ by ! det5tion ( our    
prizes 9 ord] to s]ve z transports = !  
army4 ,i h1 9 addition to ! ord9>y      
exp5ses ( ?is vessel1 be5 oblig$ to     
pur*ase wood = our /eam-eng9e1 &        
provisions = ! gun-boat ,helvetia--to   
:i* ,i h also furni%$ two hundr$ doll>s 
9 money to pay ! crew4 ,! capture (     
,vasiladhi has co/ me two ?\s& doll>s2  
yet ,i h n tak5 ! brass cannon 9 t =t1 &
 replac$ !m ) ! iron guns ( our prizes1 
9 ord] to assi/ me 9 meet+ my exp5ses4  
,ab\t ?is "t ,c\nt ,capo d',i/rias      
arriv$ 9 ,greece to assume ! presid5cy (
 ! republic2 & ,capta9 ,ha/+s1 z soon z 
he 0 in=m$ ( 8 arrival1 transmitt$ him a
 v valuable lett]1 9 :i* he gave a      
lum9\s picture ( ! /ate ( affairs 9     
,we/]n ,greece4 ,?is lett] is p>ticul>ly
 in/ructive1 z x gives an admirable     

summ>y ( ! l9e ( conduct :i* ga9$ ,ha/+s
 8 great reputation 9 ,greece4 ,f ! h\r 
( my receiv+ ! comm& ( ! ,k>t]ia1 ,i    
det]m9$ to break d[n ! sy/em exi/+ 9 !  
navy ( pay+ ! sailors 9 advance1 z su* a
 practice is de/ructive ( all discipl9e4
 ,! ,greek gov]nm5t & ,"l ,co*rane1     
h[ev]1 did n adopt ?is rule4 ,!y paid _!
 own equipages 9 advance1 & !y left m9e 
unpaid4  ,c\nt ,capo d',i/rias1 ?\gh a v
 able diplomati/1 0 n a milit>y man2 &  
he paid no att5tion to ,ha/+s' lett]4   
,"l ,co*rane1 :o _h long ceas$ to hold  
any communication ) ,capta9 ,ha/+s1 _h1 
a %ort "t previ\s to ! arrival ( ,c\nt  
,capo d',i/rias1 sudd5ly disappe>$ f    
,greece1 9 ! ,engli% ya*t 9 :i* he      
arriv$1 )\t giv+ ! ,greek gov]nm5t any  
notice ( 8 int5tion4 ,9 ?is /ate ( ?+s1 
x 0 n wond]ful t ! naval affairs ( !    
c\ntry fell into ! mo/ deplorable an>*y2
 & ! disord] became s pa9ful to ,capta9 
,ha/+s1 t he resign$ ! comm& ( ! ,kat]ia
 & resolv$ to quit ,greece4  ,!         
importance ( prev5t+ s di/+ui%$ a       

,philhell5e f quitt+ ,greece s %ortly   
aft] 8 own arrival1 /ruck ,c\nt ,capo   
d',i/rias v =cibly1 & he resolv$ to d e 
?+ 9 8 p[] to reta9 ,capta9 ,ha/+s 9 8  
s]vice4 ,to effect ?is1 he invit$ him to
 a p]sonal int]view at ,poros1 9 ord]1 z
 he said1 to avail himself ( ! valuable 
exp]i5ce ( s tri$ a fri5d to ! cause ( 8
 c\ntry4 ,:5 !y met1 x 0 easy = ,capo   
d',i/rias to p]suade ,ha/+s to resume ! 
comm& ( ! naval division 9 ! ,gulf (    
,cor9?2 p>ticul>ly z ! presid5t promis$ 
to adopt ! pr9ciples :i* ,ha/+s laid d[n
 z necess>y = ! =mation ( a national    
navy1 & engag$ to foll[ 8 advice 9      
organiz+ ?is =ce4 ,no?+1 inde$1 c\ld h  
gratifi$ ! ambition ( ,capta9 ,ha/+s s  
mu* z be+ employ$ 9 ?is way1 s9ce he    
c\ld ?us hope to raise a durable monum5t
 ( 8 naval skill1 & a la/+ memorial ( 8 
s]vice 9 ,greece4  ,aft] comm5c+ !      
=mation ( a naval ars5al at ,poros1 &   
lay+ ! f\ndation = "s sup]/ructure (    
ord] 9 ! naval adm9i/ration1 ,ha/+s aga9
 assum$ ! comm& ( ! ,k>t]ia2 & on ! #i? 

( ,may #ahbh1 an*or$ (f ,vasiladhi1 9   
ord] to co-op]ate ) ! troops "u ,g5]al  
,*ur*4 ,! unit$ =ces _h be5 direct$ by !
 presid5t to act aga9/ ,anatolikon &    
,missolonghi1 :i*1 x 0 hop$1 w\ld easily
 be compell$ to surr5d]4 ,aft]          
reconnoitr+ ! approa*es to ,anatolikon1 
:i* ,g5]al ,*ur* _h resolv$ to attack   
fir/1 ,capta9 ,ha/+s1 ) 8 usual         
activity1 prep>$ rocket-frames1 & br\ght
 all 8 boats into ! lagoons4 ,on ! #ae?1
 an attempt 0 made to set fire to ! t[n 
by ! dis*>ge ( a numb] ( six &          
twelve-p\nd rockets2 b1 ?\gh _m ent]$ ! 
place1 no conflagration ensu$1 & !      
attack fail$4 ,x 0 !n det]m9$ to bomb>d 
,anatolikon2 &1 "u ! cov] ( a heavy fire
 ( %ells f ! batt]ies1 & gr5ades f !    
gun-boats1 to make an attempt to c>ry ! 
place by /orm4  ,! #be? ( ,may 0 fix$ = 
! assault2 & ,capta9 ,ha/+s1 :o felt !  
necessity ( en=c+ ord]1 & sett+ an      
example ( c\rage 9 s important a crisis1
 det]m9$ to direct ! attack ( ! naval   
=ces 9 p]son4 ,un=tunately1 a division (

 ! l& =ces1 :i* 7 totally de/itute ( all
 discipl9e1 & n ev5 (fic]$ 9 a regul>   
mann]1 _h be5 emb>k$ 9 ! boats ( "s     
,greek private]s1 = ! purpose ( assi/+ 9
 ! attack4 ,! real object ( ^! troops 0 
to try to get fir/ into ! place 9 ord]  
to pillage4 ,be=e ! artill]y _h produc$ 
any effect1 & be=e ,capta9 ,ha/+s _h    
made all ! necess>y dispositions = !    
assault1 ^! irregul> troops advanc$ to !
 attack4 ,two (fic]s ( ! m>9e1 :o comm&$
 ! gun-boats at ! greate/ di/ance f !   
boats ( ! ,k>t]ia1 see+ ! attack        
comm5c+1 & suppos+ t ! signal _h be5    
giv5 by ,capta9 ,ha/+s1 pu%$ =w>d4 ,no  
alt]native n[ rema9$ betwe5 c>ry+ !     
place1 or witness+ a total defeat ( a   
consid]able "p ( ! =ce "u 8 comm&2      
,ha/+s1 !re=e1 )\t a mom5t's hesitation1
 endeav\r$ to repair ! error already    
committ$1 by r5d]+ ! attack z g5]al z   
possible4 ,mak+ ! signal ( attack1 he l$
 ! boats ( ! ,k>t]ia to ! assault4  ,!  
ard\r ( ! troops :o ra%ly comm5c$ !     
attack abat$1 z soon z !y f\nd t !      

,turks receiv$ !m ) a well-direct$ fire 
( musketry4 ,aft] "s feeble attempts to 
approa* ! enemy1 9 :i* !y su/a9$ no     
loss1 !y kept _! boats /ation>y f> out (
 musket-%ot ( ,anatolikon4 ,on ! o!r    
side1 ! boats ( ! ,greek squadron       
advanc$ ) great gallantry & /ead9ess2 b 
! ,turks _h assembl$ a p[]ful =ce1 :i* 0
 po/$ 9 a well-protect$ position1 & op5$
 a sev]e fire on ! assailants4 ,! %all[ 
wat]1 & intricate *annel ?r\gh ! lagoon1
 ret>d$ ! progress ( ! two gun-boats2 & 
,capta9 ,&rea1 :o comm&$ t 9 advance1   
hav+ be5 kill$1 & "s ( 8 m5 w\nd$1 8    
crew 0 ?r[n into disord]4 ,capta9       
,ha/+s1 pu%+ =w>d 9 8 gig to repair ?is 
loss1 0 almo/ imm$iately aft] /ruck by a
 rifle-ball 9 ! left arm1 & fell d[n4 ,8
 fall 0 ! signal = a g5]al retreat4  ,:5
 ! boats return$ to ! ,k>t]ia1 ! w\nd ( 
,capta9 ,ha/+s 0 exam9$ & b&ag$4 ,by a  
mo/ un=tunate accid5t1 !re 0 no surgeon 
atta*$ to ! %ip at ! "t2 "o surgeon hav+
 left a few days be=e1 & 8 successor n  
hav+ arriv$4 ,a m$ical man _h1 h[ev]1   

)\t any loss ( "t1 be5 procur$ f ! camp 
on %ore2 & aft] he _h dress$ ! w\nd1 he 
decl>$ t x 0 n al>m+1 & t ! arm 0 9 no  
dang]4 ,?\gh he suff]$ great pa91       
,capta9 ,ha/+s soon began to turn 8     
att5tion to repair+ ! loss ! ,greek arms
 _h su/a9$4 ,on ! #bh? ( ,may1 he wrote 
a report ( ! proce$+s be=e ,anatolikon1 
address$ to ! m9i/] ( ! m>9e2 & 9 x he  
express$ ! hope1 t 9 a few days 8 w\nd  
w\ld be s f> heal$ z to all[ him aga9 to
 assume ! direction ( ! op]ations aga9/ 
,anatolikon 9 p]son4  ,b1 9 spite ( !   
fav\rable op9ion express$ by ! surgeon (
 ! troops1 x became evid5t t ! w\nd 0   
rapidly becom+ worse2 & x 0 decid$ t    
amputation 0 necess>y4 ,9 ord] to entru/
 ! op]ation to a m skilful surgeon ?an !
 "o :o _h hi!rto att5d$ him1 x 0        
necess>y t ,capta9 ,ha/+s %\ld proce$ to
 ,zante4 ,?is decision _h un=tunately   
be5 delay$ too long4 ,tetanus _h ensu$  
be=e ! ,k>t]ia rea*$ ! port2 &1 on ! #a/
 ( ,june1 ,frank ,abney ,ha/+s expir$ at
 ,zante1 on bo>d ! ,k>t]ia1 :i* he _h s 

glori\sly comm&$4  ,! mom5t 8 dea? 0    
kn[n 9 ,greece1 ! great value ( 8       
s]vices 0 univ]sally felt4 ,all hope (  
organiz+ ! ,greek navy p]i%$ ) him2 &   
not)/&+ ! advice & assi/ance ( !        
,european p[]s1 & ! adoption ( _m plans 
prep>$ by ! allies ( ,greece1 ! naval   
=ce ( t c\ntry is 9 a mu* worse         
condition to-day ?an x 0 at ! "t (      
,capta9 ,ha/+s' dea? 9 #ahbh4 ,e hon\r 0
 paid to 8 memory4 ,! presid5t (        
,greece1 ,c\nt ,capo d',i/rias1 decre$ t
 8 rema9s %\ld receive a public fun]al2 
& by an ord9ance address$ to ,mr ,alex&]
 ,maurocordatos1 ! m9i/] ( ! m>9e1 & ,mr
 ,george ,f9lay & ,mr ,ni*olas ,kal]gy1 
! p]sonal fri5ds ( ! deceas$1 he *>g$ ^!
 g5tlem5 ) ?is sacr$ duty4 ,mr ,tric\pi 
pron\nc$ ! fun]al oration :5 ! int]m5t  
took place at ,poros2 & he conclud$ 8   
disc\rse ) ! foll[+ words1 z ! pray] ( !
 assembl$ cl]gy 9 ! "n ( ! :ole ,greek  
nation3--,o ,,"l6 ,,9 ,,?y ,,heav5ly    
,,k+dom ,,rememb] ,,frank ,,abney       
,,ha/+s1 ,,:o ,,di$ ,,9 ,,def5ce ,,( ,,8

 ,,suff]+ ,,fell[-,,creatures4  ,b      
nations are prov]bially ungrateful4     
,ne>ly sev5te5 ye>s h n[ elaps$ s9ce !  
dea? ( ,ha/+s1 ! be/ & able/ ,engli%man 
:o1 ev5 to ! pres5t h\r1 has be5        
connect$ 9 any way ) ! public affairs ( 
,greece2 yet nei!r ! ,greek gov]nm5t nor
 ! ,greek p1 ?\gh (t5 revell+ 9 millions
 ra%ly furni%$ !m by _! injudici\s      
fri5ds1 h ev] ?\ght ( pay+ _! debt (    
gratitude to ! memory ( ,frank ,abney   
,ha/+s4 ,:ile />s & rib&s h be5 lavi%ly 
conf]r$ on ^? ^: p[] 0 suppos$ to       
influ5ce ! arrival ( expect$ millions1 !
 heirs ( ,ha/+s 7 =gott54 ,we are b\nd1 
h[ev]1 to absolve a consid]able portion 
( ! nation f ! *>ge ( +ratitude &       
av>ice1 :i* we only !reby conc5trate    
aga9/ ! gov]nm5t1 & ! lead+ /atesm5 ( ! 
c\ntry4  ,:5 ! num]\s ,greek sailors :o 
_h s]v$ "u ! ord]s ( ,ha/+s he>d ( 8    
dea?1 _m ( !m happ5$ to be at ,eg9a4 ,!y
 imm$iately collect$ a sum ( money among
 !mselves1 & engag$ ! cl]gy at ,eg9a to 
celebrate ! fun]al s]vice 9 ! pr9cipal  

*ur*1 ) all ! pomp & c]emony possible 9 
^? tr\bl$ times4 ,nev] probably 0 a     
brav] man m s9c]ely m\rn$ by a vet]an b&
 ( /rang]s1 :o1 9 a =eign l&1 griev$ m  
deeply = 8 untimely loss4  ,x may appe> 
surpris+ to _m ( our read]s t we %\ld   
give to ! "n ( ,ha/+s s v prom95t a     
position 9 ! hi/ory ( ! latt] days ( !  
,greek ,revolution1 :5 t "n is          
comp>atively unkn[n at home4 ,to make   
?is app>5t1 we %all endeav\r to expla9 !
 mann] 9 :i* ! ,greeks c>ri$ on _! w>f>e
 ) ! ,turks2 & x w !n appe> t ,european 
(fic]s 7 n g5]ally likely to =m ei!r a  
correct or a fav\rable op9ion ( !       
milit>y affairs ( ! c\ntry4 ,x is n1    
!re=e1 surpris+ t false ideas ( ! /ate (
 ,greece h prevail$1 or inde$ t !y /ill 
cont9ue to prevail1 ev5 among ! =eign]s 
long resid5t 9 ! new ,greek k+dom4 ,!   
milit>y op]ations ( ! ,greeks1 bo? at   
sea & on %ore1 7 rem>kable1 n only = a  
total want ( all sci5tific k1 b also = !
 abs5ce ( e %ad[ ( discipl9e1 & ! fir/  
elem5ts ( ord] & subord9ation4 ,! troops

 consi/$ ( a numb] ( sep>ate corps1 ea* 
"u its own capta91 :o regulat$ !        
movem5ts1 & provid$ = ! supply ( 8 m51 f
 day to day4 ,e soldi] jo9$ 8 /&>d1 &   
left x1 :5 he ?\ght fit1 unless :5 x    
happ5$ t he _h receiv$ "s pay 9 advance2
 9 :i* case1 he 0 b\nd 9 hon\r to rema9 
9 ! camp = ! t]m he 0 engag$4 ,) su* an 
army1 any sy/ematic plan ( campaign1 &  
all /rategetical comb9ations1 7 cle>ly  
impossible2 & :5 !y h be5 attempt$ by ! 
diff]5t ,european (fic]s :o h comm&$ !  
,greeks1 !y h inv>iably end$ 9 ! mo/    
complete defeats ! ,greeks h ev] su/a9$4
 ,s entirely 7 ! op]ations ( ! w> an    
affair ( *ance1 t ! m\nta9 skirmi%es1 9 
:i* ! ,greek troops excell$1 7 usually  
br\ght on by accid5t4  ,9 su* an army1 x
 is evid5t t ! s]vices ( _m an able     
(fic] w\ld be useless4 ,a ,greek g5]al  
c\ld only acquire & ma9ta9 a due        
influ5ce ov] 8 troops by tak+ a rifle 9 
8 h&1 & b\nd+ ov] ! rocks 9 advance ( 8 
soldi]s4 ,! be/ g5]al1 !re=e1 9 !       
e/imation ( ! soldi]s1 0 ! (fic] :o c\ld

 run fa/e/1 see fur!/1 & fire ) true/   
aim f beh9d ! smalle/ possible          
projection ( a rock4 ,9 cases :]e x     
became absolutely necess>y to en=ce     
ob$i5ce to an ord]1 ! capta9 requir$ to 
be bo? able & will+ to knock d[n ! fir/ 
man :o d>$ to %[ any signs (            
dissatisfaction ) ! butt ( 8 pi/ol4 ,_m 
excell5t ,european g5]als 7 n compet5t  
to emulate ! fame to be ga9$ 9 su* a    
s]vice4  ,matt]s 7 v little bett] 9 !   
fleet4 ,! sailors 7 always paid 9       
advance1 or !y refus$ to emb>k2 if on a 
cruise1 :5 ! t]m = :i* !y _h be5 paid   
expir$1 !y always return$ home1 unless  
prev5t$ by an additional paym5t4 ,:ile  
at sea1 !y frequ5tly held c\ncils to    
discuss ! movem5ts ( _! %ips1 &         
repeat$ly compell$ _! capta9s to alt] ! 
plans adopt$ by ! admiral2 & sometimes  
!y h be5 kn[n to c>ry _! %ips home 9    
defiance ( _! (fic]s4 ,ev5 ! brilliant  
exploits ( ! fire-%ips :i* de/roy$ !    
,turki% ?ree-deck]s1 7 entirely p]=m$ by
 volunte]s1 & are r due to ! d>+ c\rage 

( ,kan>is1 & a few o!r individuals1 ?an 
to ! naval skill ( ! ,greek fleet4 ,9 ! 
latt] ye>s ( ! w>1 :5 ! ,turks &        
,egyptians _h1 by ! ex]tions ( ,sultan  
,mahm\d & ,mohamm$ ,ali1 made "s small  
progress 9 naval affairs1 ! fire-%ips ( 
! ,greeks fail$ to produce any important
 results4  ,capta9 ,ha/+s1 obs]v+ !     
total diff]5ce betwe5 ,greek & ,european
 w>f>e1 avoid$ ! error into :i* =eign]s 
g5]ally fell1 ( all[+ _! au?ority to be 
mix$ up ) t ( o!rs1 ov] ^: actions !y   
c\ld n ex]cise any effici5t control4    
,in/ead ( seek+ a comm&1 ! impos+ title 
( :i* might flatt] 8 vanity1 & impose on
 ! re/ ( ,europe1 ,ha/+s /eadily refus$ 
to accept any rank1 or place himself 9  
any comm&1 :]e he w\ld h be5 unable to  
en=ce ob$i5ce to 8 ord]s4 ,by ?is means1
 & by ! sacrifice ( v l>ge sums ( money 
f 8 private =tune1 9 pay+ n only ! m51 b
 ev5 all ! (fic]s :o bore commissions on
 bo>d ! ,k>t]ia1 he 0 enabl$ to ma9ta9  
"s ord] & discipl9e 9 t vessel4 ,?\gh he
 0 at ! head ( ! smalle/ deta*$ =ce     

comm&$ by a =eign] 9 ,greece1 !re c be  
no d\bt t1 ( all ! =eign]s :o h visit$  
,greece1 he r5d]$ ! greate/ s]vice to ! 
cause ( h] indep5d5ce4 ,at ! same "t1 x 
is n wond]ful t all o!r =eign]s h felt b
 little incl9$ to give ! due me$ (      
praise to a l9e ( conduct :i* !y h nev] 
_h /r5g? ( m9d to imitate4  ,x may be   
obs]v$ "h1 t ! naval op]ations ( ,capta9
 ,ha/+s possess consid]able int]e/ 9    
connexion ) ! mod]n hi/ory ( m>itime    
w>f>e 9 ,europe4 ,! ,k>t]ia 0 ! fir/    
/eam-vessel arm$ ) long sixty-eight     
p\nd]s2 %e 0 ! fir/ vessel f :i*        
eight-in* %ells & hot %ot 7 us$ z ord9>y
 projectiles4 ,& ?is great *ange 9 !    
employm5t ( de/ructive elem5ts ( w>f>e 0
 introduc$ by ,capta9 ,ha/+s among a p  
:]e he _h to tea* ! fir/ pr9ciples (    
milit>y discipl9e4 ,yet he ov]came e    
difficulty2 & ) v little assi/ance1 ei!r
 f ! ,greek gov]nm5t1 or ! (fic]s :o 7 8
 sup]iors 9 ! ,greek navy1 he succe$$ 9 
giv+ all ! naval p[]s ( ,europe a       
valuable practical lesson 9 m>9e        

artill]y4 ,great ,brita9 is especially  
call$ ^u to ackn[l$ge h] obligations to 
,capta9 ,ha/+s4 ,%e has imitat$ !       
armam5t ( ! ,greek /eam-frigate ,k>t]ia 
9 sev]al vessels2 & ?\gh ! admiralty h  
d\btless add$ _m improvem5ts 9 our %ips1
 we are only ! m explicitly b\nd to     
recognise ! debt ( gratitude we owe4 ,by
 r5d]+ naval w>f>e n only m de/ructive1 
b at ! same "t mak+ x m dep5d5t on a    
comb9ation ( good gunn]y & me*anical k )
 pr(\nd naval skill1 he has increas$ !  
naval p[] ( ,great ,brita91 :]e all ^!  
qualities are cultivat$ 9 ! highe/      
degree4 ,at ! same "t1 ! civiliz$ _w is 
indebt$ to him = r5d]+ battles s t]rible
 z to be h5ce=? less frequ5t2 & = putt+ 
an end to naval w>f>e z a means ( amus+ 
k+s1 & gratify+ ! ambition ( pr9cely    
admirals1 or va9-glori\s /ates4  ,9     
conclud+ ?is sket* ( ! biography (      
,ha/+s1 we regret t we h to record !    
dea? ( ,colonel ,hane ( ! ,greek army1 s
 long 8 companion dur+ ! w>1 & :o is s  
(t5 & s hon\rably m5tion$ 9 8 despat*es 

z ,capta9 ,hane ( ! artill]y4 ,8 dea? is
 ano!r blot on ,greece1 & on :at is     
call$ ! ,engli% p>ty 9 ,greece1 by :om  
he 0 treat$ ) ! greate/ neglect4        
,colonel ,hane 0 remov$ f active        
employm5t 9 #ahdb1 :5 ,k+ ,o?o plac$ _m 
,philhell5es & ,greeks on a trifl+      
pittance ( half-pay1 9 ord] to reta9 a  
numb] ( ,bav>ian (fic]s 9 8 s]vice1 :o 7
 ri*ly end[$ ) /aff-appo9tm5ts4 ,z a    
,philhell5e1 a con/itutionali/1 & an    
,engli%man1 x 0 natural t ,colonel ,hane
 %\ld be treat$ ) ! utmo/ sev]ity by !  
c\rt & ! ,bav>ian adm9i/ration4  ,!     
adoption ( ! con/itution on ! #ae?      
,septemb] 7#c;d ,o4,s47 #ahdc1 caus$ all
 ! ,bav>ians to be dismiss$ f ! ,greek  
s]vice2 b !re 7 s _m ,greeks m eag] 9 _!
 solicitations = appo9tm5ts ?an ,colonel
 ,hane1 & m9i/]s are always s mu* m     
ready to li/5 to ! claims ( _! p>ty ?an 
_! c\ntry1 t ! title ( a /rang] to !    
gratitude ( ,greece 0 easily =gott54 ,:5
 ,mr ,alex&] ,maurocordatos1 h[ev]1     
became prime-m9i/]1 8 subs]vi5cy to     

,engli% diplomacy 0 suppos$ by _m to    
indicate a feel+ ( atta*m5t to ,engli%  
views1 & an e/eem = ! ,engli% "*4 ,"u   
?is impression1 ,mr ,bracebridge1 ,dr   
,h[e1 & ,mr ,george ,f9lay1 solicit$    
,sir ,edmund ,lyons to ex]t 8 influ5ce  
to prev5t an ,engli%man1 :o1 =          
tw5ty-?ree ye>s1 _h s]v$ ,greece )      
c\rage & fidelity1 f dy+ ( absolute     
want4 ,mr ,maurocordatos gave ,sir      
,edmund ,lyons "s promises1 b ^?        
promises 7 nev] fulfill$2 & ,colonel    
,hane di$ ( a brok5 he>t at ,a!ns1 on ! 
#ah? ( ,septemb] #ahdd1 leav+ a "y wife 
& ?ree *ildr5 9 ! mo/ de/itute          
condition4  ,x 0 well kn[n to e body 9  
,a!ns1 f ,k+ ,o?o to ! y\nge/ soldi]s 9 
! army1 t ,colonel ,hane _h = "s "t     
suff]$ ! sev]e/ privations ( pov]ty1 :i*
 he _h va9ly endeav\r$ to conceal4 ,t 8 
la/ h\rs 7 soo!d by ! possession ( !    
necess>ies ( life1 0 ow+ to ! delicacy )
 :i* ,dr ,h[e & ,mr ,bracebridge        
contriv$ to make ! assi/ance !y suppli$ 
z soo?+ to 8 m9d1 z x 0 indisp5sable = !

 com=t ( 8 decl9+ heal?4  ,frank ,abney 
,ha/+s1 ! h]o :o comm&$ ! ,k>t]ia1 &    
,john ,hane1 ! gallant (fic] :o f\ght by
 8 side1 n[ re/ 9 peace4 ,two volunte]s1
 _! fri5ds & companions 9 _m a *eck]$   
sc5e ( life1 /ill survive to *]i% !     
memory ( ! days sp5t toge!r on bo>d !   
,k>t]ia4 ,"o has acquir$ a wide-ext5d$  
reputation 9 ,am]ica & ,europe1 by !    
intellig5ce1 activity1 & we may truly   
say g5ius1 ) :i* he has lab\r$ to       
alleviate ! suff]+s ( humanity4 ,b = an 
acc\nt ( ,dr ,h[e's ex]tions to ext5d ! 
bless+s ( education to ! bl9d1 ! deaf1 &
 ! dumb1 we mu/ ref] to ,dick5s'        
,am]ican ,notes4 ,! o!r /ill wat*es !   
sl[ progress ( ! ,greeks t[>ds t free & 
indep5d5t condition ( :i* ^! fri5ds ( _!
 cause once fanci$ !y beheld ! approa*+ 
dawn4 ,we may1 !re=e1 all[ ! names (    
,ha/+s1 ,hane1 ,h[e1 & ,f9lay1 to /&    
unit$ on our page--      ,z 9 ?is       
glori\s & well f\ght5 field     ,!y /ood
 toge!r 9 _! *ivalry4    ,ed9burgh3     
,pr9t$ by ,ballantyne & ,hughes1 ,paul's

 ,"w4     ,footnotes3  #a ,an (fspr+    
creat$ )\t a "m4  #b ,!re is no "o n[   
?9ks ( read+ ,montesquieu1 said !       
,m>quis ( ,mirabeau1 au?or ( ,l',ami des
 ,hommes1 & a di/+ui%$ economi/1 to !   
,k+ ( ,sw$51 9 #aggb1 at ,p>is4--,see   
,biog4 ,univ4 xxix4 #hi4  #c ,?is is    
/ill ! case 9 "s p>ts ( ,engl&1 accord+ 
to ! cu/om call$ ,bor\gh-,engli%1       
,black/one1 ii4 #ic4 ,duhalde m5tions t 
a simil> rule ( desc5t prevails among "s
 ( ! ,t>t> tribes :om he visit$ on !    
fronti]s ( ,*9a3 a curi\s indication ( !
 ju/ice ( ,montesquieu's speculation z  
to its orig94  #d ,we 7 once told by ,mr
 ,we/1 ! presid5t1 t ! read+ (          
,ri*>dson1 7to use 8 own words17 light$ 
up a fire 9 8 brea/ t _h nev] be5       
ext+ui%$2 & t he _h 9 consequ5ce1 &     
contr>y to ! wi%es ( 8 fri5ds &         
relatives1 :o 7 ,quak]s at              
,philadelphia1 resolv$ to become a      
pa9t]4 ,by a v curi\s circum/ance1 ?is  
id5tical volume is n[ 9 our possession1 
! legacy ( ! v man1 ^: hi/ory is wor?   

relat+1 :o l5t x to ,mr ,we/ :5 a boy4  
#e ,fuseli objects t ! pr9cipal figures 
& *ief action 9 ! ,rais+ ( ,laz>us1 by  
,seba/ian del ,piombo1 are cr[d$ into a 
corn]4 ,he w\ld h _h !m pyramid2 s does 
receiv$ quack]y ov]p[] ! judgm5t ( m5 ( 
s5se1 & acute reason+4  #f ,,*ant4      
,! ,!at9es' comm&m5ts t5     ,h less to 
d ) sa9ts ?an m54                       
,*orus4--,tra l>a1 tra l>a4      #a--,( 
money make sure4 ,tra l>a1 c4           
#b--;,entrap ri* & poor4                
#c--;,always get a good d9n]4           
#d--;,9 all b>ga9s be w9n]4             
#e--;,cool y\r r$ w9e ) :ite4           
#f--,turn day into night4     #g--;,give
 ! bailiff ! slip4     #h--,make ! _w   
fill y\r scrip4     #i--,make y\r conv]t
 a slave4     #aj--,to y\r k+ play !    
knave4      ,*orus4--,^? t5 comm&m5ts   
make b two--          ,all ?+s = me1 &  
none = y4                           ,tra
 l>a1 tra l>a4  #g      ,bre$]s ( all   
=eign w>s1     ,bre$]s ( all h\sehold   
j>s1     ,snugly 'scap+ all ! sc>s4     

,wor%ipp'd1 l ! sa9ts !y make2          
,tyrants1 =c+ fools to quake2           
,grasp+ all we brew or bake4      ,all  
our s\ls & bodies rul+1     ,all our    
passions hotly s*ool+1     ,all our wit 
& wisdom fool+4      ,lords ( all our   
goods & *attels1     ,firebr&s ( our    
bigot battles4     ,:5 y see !m1 spr+   
y\r rattles4      ,%un !m1 z y'd %un !  
,pe/2     ,%un !m1 tea*]1 fri5d1 & gue/2
     ,%un !m1 nor?1 s\?1 ea/1 & we/4    
,france1 h] true disease has hit2       
,france has made ! vagrants flit2       
,france has swamp'd ! ,jesuit4  #h ,!   
,discov]y ( ! ,sci5ce ( ,languages4 ,by 
,,morgan ,,kavanagh4 ,london3 ,longman1 
,br[n1 ,gre51 & ,longmans4 #ahdd4  #i ,!
 poets are a little at v>iance1 & d n   
all celebrate ! same w9e--7z "s ( u l   
,port1 & "s ,madeira7--"s1 d\btless1    
dealt ) bett] w9e-m]*ants ?an o!rs4     
,poets h ! privilege ( celebrat+ pla9   
wom51 & w9e t nobody else c dr9k4 ,r$i  
talks ( ,monte ,fiascone & ,monte       
,pulciano--bo? rais9 w9es to ,engli% or 

,fr5* /oma*s4 ,flor5ce _h no fame 9 ^?  
days1 & n[ makes by f> ! be/ w9e 9      
,italy--give u good ,*ianti1 & none (   
y\r ,aleatico or ,v9o ,santo4 ,at ,rome1
 !re is n a flask ( any ?+ fit to dr9k2 
& we recollect :5 bad ,spani% w9e 0     
br\ght up ! ,tib] to meet ! defici5cy4  
,orvieto is f> f :olesome2 yet1 9       
,juv5al's "t1 ,albano furni%$ a w9e (   
sup]lative quality4      ,albani vet]is 
pretiosa s5ectus2  ! same passage d5\nc+
 ,fal]nian by ! epi!t ( acris--a w9e1 he
 says1 to make faces at4 ,aga91 ,cuma & 
,gaurus--! privilege ( dr9k+ ^? w9es 0 =
 ! ri* only--are n[ ! common dr9k ( !   
peasants :o cultivate !m4      ,te      
,trifol9us ag] fecundis vitibus implet1 
,suspectumque jugum ,cumis1 et ,gaurus  
inanis4  ,! v9um ,set9um1 w9e fit =     
patriots to dr9k on ! bir?days ( ,brutus
 & ,cassius1 0 nev] he>d ( by a subject 
( ! ,pope1 nor w\ld be wor? above a paul
 a flask4 ,b ! day is f> (f :5 ,italy w 
quaff a g5]\s goblet on any su*         
solemnity1 or p\r out a cup      ,quale 

coronati ,?rasca1 ,helvidiusque         
bibebant1     ,brut rum et ,cass        
natablibus4  #aj ,dur+ ! diss5sions ( ! 
,reg5cy & ! corps diplomatique1 old     
,kolocotroni1 :o 0 !n conf9$ 9 ! =tress 
above ! t[n ( ,nauplia1 once rem>k$--,^!
 ,franks abuse u = qu>rell+1 b--& "h he 
?rew out 8 "r h& ) ! f+]s wide ap>t     
t[>ds ! t[n ( ,nauplia bel[ him1        
exclaim+1 ,greek3 na1 ) true ,greek     
en]gy--!y worry "o ano!r l dogs--to     
un%ame u4 ,greek3 ,trg\ntai san s*ulia  
dia na mas ex5tropiasan4  #aa ,publi%$  
by ,,ridgway4 #ahbh4  #ab ,9 a          
description ( ! engagem5t1 =w>d$ by !   
,au/rian consul at ,patras to !         
consul-g5]al 9 ! ,ionian isl&s1 :i* 0   
captur$ by ! ,greeks1 ! foll[+ is !     
acc\nt giv5 by ! ,au/rians3--,il        
comm&ante della flottiglia ,ottomana con
 t]zo del ,vapore & p] aria1 av5dogli   
que/o gettato una granata 9 ,santa      
,b>b>a4   ,transcrib]'s ,note3   ,!     
orig9al text includ$ ,greek *>act]s4 ,= 
?is text v]sion ^!     lett]s h be5     

replac$ ) translit]ations set (f by     
,greek3      tags4    ,mispr9ts         
correct$3     ,lairisse correct$ to     
,lairesse 7page #dbi7     sb ject       
correct$ to subject 7page #dfd7         
unnecess>y lead+ ac- remov$ 7page #dff7 
head to he>d 7page #dhj7     rul]       
correct$ to rule 7page #dig7            
,additional spac+ aft] "s ( ! poetry &  
block quotes is   int5tional to indicate
 bo? ! end ( a quotation & ! beg9n+   ( 
a new p>agraph z is 9 ! orig9al text4