,,byzant9e ,,*ur*es ,,9 ,,con/ant9ople ,,macmillan ,,& ,,co41 ,,limit$ ,,london ,,bombay ,,calcutta ,,melb\rne ,,! ,,macmillan ,,company ,,new ,,york ,,bo/on ,,*icago ,,dallas ,,san ,,francisco ,,! ,,macmillan ,,co4 ,,( ,,canada1 ,,ltd4 ,,toronto ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,i4 ,,m$iaeval ,,map ,,( ,,con/ant9ople ,,by ,,bondelmontius4 ,frontispiece4 ,,note ,,on ,,! ,,map ,,( ,,con/ant9ople ,= ! map =m+ ! frontispiece & ! foll[+ note ,i am greatly indebt$ to ,mr4 ,f4 ,w4 ,hasluck1 ( ! ,briti% ,s*ool at ,a!ns4 ,! map is tak5 f ! unpubli%$ ,insul>ium ,h5rici ,m>telli ,g]mani 7,b4,m4 ,add4 ,,mss4 #ae1gfj7 f4 #dj4 ,a %ort note on ! ,,ms41 :i* may be dat$ approximately #adij1 is giv5 9 ! ,annual ( ! ,briti% ,s*ool at ,a!ns1 xii4 #aii4 ,! map ( ,con/ant9ople is a d]ivative ( ! ,buondelmontius s]ies1 :i* dates f #adbj1 & =ms ! base ( all kn[n maps prior to ! ,conque/4 ,buondelmontius' map ( ,con/ant9ople has be5 publi%$ f sev]al ,,mss41 v>y+ consid]ably 9 leg5d & o!r details3#a ! be/ acc\nt ( ^! publications is to be f\nd 9 ,e4 ,ob]humm]'s ,kon/ant9opel unt] ,suleiman dem ,gross51 pp4 #ah ff4 ,! map 9 ,b4,m4 ,arundel1 #ic1 has s9ce be5 publi%$ 9 ,annual ,b4,s4,a4 xii4 pl4 i4 ,9 ! pres5t map ! leg5ds are z foll[s4 ,^? m>k$ ) a dagg] d n occur on hi!rto publi%$ maps4 ,ref]5ce is made bel[ to ! ,p>is ,,ms4 7be/ publi%$ by ,ob]humm]1 loc4 cit471 ! ,v5etian 7,mordtmann1 ,esquisse1 p4 #de1 ,sa?as1 ,greek3 ,mnmeia1 iii41 frontispiece71 & ! ,vatican 7,mordtmann1 loc4 cit4 p4 #gc74 ,,tracie ,,p>s--,,gala?a ,,olim ,,nvnc ,,p]a--,p]a--,s4 ,dom9icus--,arc5a--,introitus ,eux9i ,m>is4 ,,asie ,,m9oris ,,p>s ,,nvnc ,,tvr*ia4--,,tvr*ia4 ,tracie p>s--,porta ,vla*]ne--,symbol3 cross ,ab hec 7sic7 porta ,vla*]ne usque ad portam ,sancti ,demetri #f ,m4,p4 et c5tum et decem turres--,symbol3 cross ,porta ,s4 ,iohannis#a--,porta ,*amici#b--,porta ,crescu--,porta ,crescea--,symbol3 cross ,ab hec 7sic7 porta que dicitur ,crescea usque ad portam ,sancti ,demetri septem ,m4 passuum et turres c5tum nonag9ta octo4 ,et ad portam ,vla*]ne #e ,m4 passuum et turres nonag9ta sex--,receptaculum ,conticasii#c-,porta olim palacii ,imp]atoris--,porta ,s4 ,dimitri--,iudee#d--,pi/>ie p4#e--,messi p4--,*eone p4#f--,s4 ,&reas--,s4 ,iohannes de ,petra--,hic ,con/ant9us g5uflexus--,symbol3 cross ,ad ,s4 ,salvatorem--,symbol3 cross ,columna ,co7n7s8--,hic ,iu/9ianus 9 equo#g--,sancta ,sophia--,hippodromus--,s4 ,demetrius--,s4 ,georgius-,s4 ,laz>us--,domus ,pape--,domus ,s4 ,con/ant9i--,sanctorum ,apo/olorum--,porta antiquissima mire 7sic7 arte con/ructa#h--,s4 ,m>ta#i--,s4 ,&reas--,s4 ,iohannes de ,/udio--,p]leftos4 ,f4 ,w4 ,h4 #a ,s4 ,romani8 #b ,porta ,camidi1 ,vat4 #c ,receptaculum fu/>um de9 ,condoscalli1 ,p>4 #d ,porta ,judea1 ,p>4 #e ,porta ,pisc>ii1 ,p>4 #f ,porta ,la*]ne1 ,p>41 delle ,corne1 ,vat41 del ,*9igo 7i4e4 ,greek3 ,kyngi\7 9 ! xvi4 c5t4 ,v5etian maps4 #g ,!odosius 9 aequo eneo1 ,v54 ,9 hoc visus imp4 ,teod4 equo s$5s1 ,vat4 #h ,porta antiquissima pulcra1 ,p>4 #i ,/4 ,mam 7z87 ,v54 ,/s4 ,m>cus1 ,vat4 ,,byzant9e ,,*ur*es ,,9 ,,con/ant9ople ,,_! ,,hi/ory ,,& ,,ar*itecture ,,by ,,alex&] ,,van ,,mill+51 ,m4,a41 ,d4,d4 ,,pr(essor ,,( ,,hi/ory1 ,,rob]t ,,college1 ,,con/ant9ople ,,au?or ,,( ',,byzant9e ,,con/ant9ople1' ',,con/ant9ople' ,,assi/$ ,,by ,,ramsay ,,traquair1 ,a4,r4,i4,b4,a4 ,,lectur] ,,on ,,ar*itecture1 ,,college ,,( ,,art1 ,,ed9burgh ,w4 ,s4 ,,george1 ,a4,r4,c4,a41 ,,& ,a4 ,e4 ,,h5d]son1 ,f4,s4,a4 ,,) ,,maps1 ,,plans1 ,,& ,,illu/rations ,,macmillan ,,& ,,co41 ,,limit$ ,,/4 ,,m>t9',s ,,/reet1 ,,london #aiab ,,copyright ,,preface ,?is volume is a sequel to ! "w ,i publi%$1 sev]al ye>s ago1 "u ! title1 ,byzant9e ,con/ant9ople3 ! ,walls ( ! ,city1 & adjo9+ ,hi/orical ,sites4 ,9 t "w ! city 0 view$1 ma9ly1 z ! citadel ( ! ,roman ,empire 9 ! ,ea/1 & ! bulw>k ( civilization = m ?an a ?\s& ye>s4 ,b ! city ( ,con/ant9e 0 n only a mighty =tress4 ,x 01 moreov]1 ! c5tre ( a great religi\s community1 :i* elaborat$ dogmas1 fo/]$ =ms ( piety1 & controll$ an ecclesia/ical adm9i/ration t h left a pr(\nd impression ^u ! ?\ght & life ( mank9d4 ,new ,rome 0 a ,holy ,city4 ,x 0 cr[d$ ) *ur*es1 hall[$1 x 0 believ$1 by ! rema9s ( ! apo/les1 prophets1 sa9ts1 & m>tyrs ( ! ,ca?olic ,*ur*2 %r9es at :i* m5 ga!r$ to wor%ip1 f ne> & f>1 z be=e ! gates ( heav54 ,^! sanctu>ies 71 fur!rmore1 con/ruct$ & beautifi$ aft] a fa%ion :i* m>ks a di/9ct & important p]iod 9 ! hi/ory ( art1 & h mu* to int]e/ ! arti/ & ! ar*itect4 ,we h1 consequ5tly1 reasons en\gh to ju/ify our /udy ( ! *ur*es ( ,byzant9e ,con/ant9ople4 ,( ! imm5se numb] ( ! *ur*es :i* once fill$ ! city b a small remnant survives4 ,e>?quakes1 fires1 pillage1 neglect1 n to speak ( ! facility ) :i* a ,byzant9e /ructure c\ld be %orn ( its glory1 h swept ! va/ majority (f ! face ( ! e>?1 leav+ n a rack beh9d4 ,9 mo/ cases ev5 ! sites on :i* !y /ood _c be id5tifi$4 ,! places :i* knew !m "k !m no m4 ,sc>cely a score ( ! old *ur*es ( ! city are left to u1 all ) "o exception conv]t$ into mosques & sadly alt]$4 ,! visitor mu/1 !re=e1 be prep>$ = disappo9tm5t4 ,age is n always a cr[n ( glory2 nor does *ange ( own]%ip & adaptation to diff]5t ideas & ta/es necess>ily conduce to improvem5t4 ,we are n look+ at fl[]s 9 _! native clime or 9 full bloom1 b at fl[]s 9 a h]b>ium s to speak1 or left to )] & decay4 ,z we look ^u !m we h ne$ ( imag9ation to see 9 fad$ col\rs ! graceful =ms & brilliant hues :i* *>m$ & delight$ ! eyes ( m5 9 o!r days4 ,9 ! prep>ation ( ?is "w ,i h avail$ myself ( ! aid af=d$ by previ\s /ud5ts 9 ! same field ( rese>*1 & ,i h gratefully ackn[l$g$ my debt to !m :5ev] !re has be5 occasion to d s4 ,at ! same "t ?is is a fre% /udy ( ! subject1 & has be5 made ) ! hope ( confirm+ :at is true1 correct+ mi/akes1 & ga!r+ additional in=mation4 ,att5tion has be5 giv5 to bo? ! hi/ory & ! ar*itecture ( ^! build+s4 ,! mat]ials = ! =m] are1 un=tunately1 all too scanty4 ,no cont9u\s records ( any ( ^! *ur*es exi/4 ,a few incid5ts scatt]$ ov] wide tracts ( "t con/itute all t c be kn[n4 ,/ill1 disconnect$ incid5ts ?\gh !y be1 !y give u glimpses ( ! *>act]i/ic ?\ghts & feel+s ( a l>ge mass ( our humanity dur+ a long p]iod ( hi/ory4 ,! /ud5t ( ! ar*itecture ( ^! *ur*es likewise lab\rs "u s]i\s disadvantages4 ,turki% col\r-wa% frequ5tly conceals :at is necess>y = a complete survey2 :ile access to ! high] p>ts ( a build+ by means ( scaffold+ or ladd]s is (t5 impossible "u pres5t circum/ances4 ,h5ce ! ar*itect _c always speak positively1 & mu/ leave _m an int]e/+ po9t 9 susp5se4 ,c>e has be5 tak5 to di/+ui% ! orig9al p>ts ( a build+ f alt]ations made 9 ,byzant9e days or s9ce ! ,turki% conque/2 :ile1 by ! prom95ce giv5 to ! v>iety ( type :i* ! *ur*es pres5t1 ! life & movem5t obs]vable 9 ,byzant9e ecclesia/ical art has be5 made cle>1 & ! common idea t x 0 a /]eotyp$ art has be5 prov$ to be )\t f\ndation4 ,num]\s ref]5ces to ! *ur* ( ,s4 ,sophia occur 9 ! c\rse ( ?is volume1 b ! read] w n f9d t great monum5t ( ,byzant9e ar*itectural g5ius dealt ) 9 ! /udies "h (f]$4 ,! ob/acles 9 ! way ( a prop] treatm5t ( t subject prov$ insup]able1 :ile ! writ+s ( ,salz5b]g1 ,le?aby1 & ,swa9son1 & especially ! spl5did & exhau/ive monograph ( my fri5d ,mr4 ,e4 ,m4 ,antoniadi1 seem$ to make any attempt ( m9e 9 ! same direction sup]flu\s if n presumptu\s4 ,! omission w1 h[ev]1 secure "o advantage3 ! *ur*es actually /udi$ w n be ov]%ad[$ by ! gr&eur ( ! ',great ,*ur*1' b w /& cle> be=e ! view 9 all ! light t beats ^u !m4 ,i recall gratefully my obligations to ! ,sultan's ,gov]nm5t & to ! late ,sir ,ni*olas ,o',conor1 ,briti% ,ambassador at ,con/ant9ople1 = p]mission to make a sci5tific exam9ation ( ! *ur*es ( ! city4 ,to ! pres5t ,briti% ,ambassador1 ,sir ,g]>d ,l[!r1 be/ ?anks are due = ! facilities enjoy$ 9 ! /udy ( ! *ur* ( ,s4 ,ir5e4 ,i h be5 exce$+ly =tunate 9 ! ar*itects :o h giv5 me ! b5efit ( _! pr(essional k & skill 9 ! execution ( my task1 & ,i beg t _! %>e 9 ?is "w %\ld be recogniz$ & appreciat$ z fully z x des]ves4 ,to ! g5]osity ( ! ,briti% ,s*ool at ,a!ns ,i am indebt$ = be+ able to secure ! s]vices ( ,mr4 ,ramsay ,traquair1 ,associate ( ! ,royal ,in/itute ( ,briti% ,ar*itects & ,lectur] on ,ar*itecture at ! ,college ( ,art 9 ,ed9burgh4 ,mr4 ,traquair sp5t ?ree mon?s 9 ,con/ant9ople = ! express purpose ( collect+ ! mat]ials = ! plans1 illu/rations1 & notes he has contribut$ to ?is "w4 ,! *apt] on ,byzant9e ,ar*itecture is entirely f 8 p54 ,he has also describ$ ! ar*itectural features ( mo/ ( ! *ur*es2 b ,i h occasionally introduc$ in=mation f o!r s\rces1 or giv5 my own p]sonal obs]vations4 ,i am likewise "u deep obligation to ,mr4 ,a4 ,e4 ,h5d]son1 ,f4,s4,a41 = ! g5]\s k9dness ) :i* he has all[$ me to reproduce 8 ma/]ly plans ( ! *ur*es ( ,,ss4 ,s]gius & ,bac*us1 ,s4 ,m>y ,pana*rantos1 & _m ( 8 photographs & draw+s ( o!r *ur*es 9 ! city4 ,i am1 moreov]1 indebt$ to ! ,byzant9e ,rese>* & ,publication ,fund = c\rte\s p]mission to pres5t "h "s ( ! results ( ! spl5did "w done by ,mr4 ,w4 ,s4 ,george1 ,f4,s4,a41 "u unique circum/ances1 9 ! /udy ( ! *ur* ( ,s4 ,ir5e1 & ,i ?ank ,mr4 ,george p]sonally = ! cordial read9ess ) :i* he cons5t$ to all[ me ev5 to anticipate 8 own monograph on t v int]e/+ fabric4 ,x is impossible to ?ank ,pr(essor ,baldw9 ,br[n1 ( ! ,univ]sity ( ,ed9burgh1 en\gh1 = 8 unfail+ k9dness :5ev] ,i consult$ him 9 connection ) my "w4 ,nor d ,i =get h[ mu* ,i owe to ,j4 ,meade ,falkn]1 ,esq41 = k9dly und]tak+ ! irksome task ( revis+ ! pro(s ( ! book :ile go+ ?r\gh ! press4 ,i _c close )\t call+ att5tion to ! bright] day :i* has dawn$ on ! /ud5ts ( ! antiquities ( ,con/ant9ople s9ce con/itutional gov]nm5t has be5 introduc$ 9 ! ,ottoman ,empire4 ,p]mission to c>ry on excavations 9 ! city has be5 promis$ me4 ,! ar*aeology ( ,new ,rome only waits = weal?y patrons to enable x to rea* a position simil> to t occupi$ by ar*aeological rese>* 9 o!r c5tres ( anci5t & m$iaeval civilizations4 ,b ! monum5ts ( ! old5 "t are p]i%able4 ,( ! *ur*es describ$ by ,paspates 9 8 ,byzant9e ,/udies1 publi%$ 9 #ahgg1 n9e h ei!r entirely disappe>$ or lo/ m ( _! orig9al features4 ,x 0 no "p ( wisdom to let ! books ( ! cunn+ ,sibyl become r>] & k poor] by neglect+ to secure all t 0 obta9able :5 %e made h] fir/ or ev5 h] second (f]4 ,,alex&] ,,van ,,mill+54 ,,rob]t ,,college1 ,,con/ant9ople4 ,greek3 ,polis ekklsin gal\*e1 pi/es ar*ge1 or?odoxias podge4 ,,nicetas ,,*oniates4 ,,cont5ts ,,page ,,*apt] ,i ,,byzant9e ,,ar*itecture #a ,,*apt] ,,ii ,,*ur* ,,( ,s4 ,,john ,,! ,,bapti/ ,,( ,,! ,,/udion #ce ,,*apt] ,,iii ,,*ur* ,,( ,,ss4 ,,s]gius ,,& ,,bac*us #fb ,,*apt] ,,iv ,,*ur* ,,( ,s4 ,,ir5e #hd ,,*apt] ,v ,,*ur* ,,( ,s4 ,,&rew ,,9 ,,krisei #ajf ,,*apt] ,,vi ,,*ur* ,,( ,s4 ,,m>y ,,pana*rantos #abb ,,*apt] ,,vii ,,*ur* ,,( ,s4 ,,m>y ,,pammak>i/os #ach ,,*apt] ,,viii ,,*ur* ,,( ,s4 ,,!odosia #afd ,,*apt] ,,ix ,,*ur* ,,( ,s4 ,,m>y ,,diaconissa #ahc ,,*apt] ,x ,,*ur* ,,( ,,ss4 ,,pet] ,,& ,,m>k #aia ,,*apt] ,,xi ,,*ur* ,,( ,,! ,,myrelaion #aif ,,*apt] ,,xii ,,*ur* ,,( ,s4 ,,john ,,! ,,bapti/ ,,9 ,,trullo #bja ,,*apt] ,,xiii ,,*ur* ,,( ,s4 ,,!kla #bjg ,,*apt] ,,xiv ,,*ur* ,,( ,s4 ,,savi\r ,,pantepoptes #bab ,,*apt] ,,xv ,,*ur* ,,( ,s4 ,,savi\r ,,pantokrator #bai ,,*apt] ,,xvi ,,*ur* ,,( ,s4 ,,!odore #bdc ,,*apt] ,,xvii ,,mona/]y ,,( ,,manuel #bec ,,*apt] ,,xviii ,,mona/ir ,,mesj$i #bfb ,,*apt] ,,xix ,,balaban ,,aga ,,mesj$i #bfe ,,*apt] ,,xx ,,*ur* ,,( ,,! ,,ga/ria #bfh ,,*apt] ,,xxi ,,*ur* ,,( ,s4 ,,m>y ,,( ,,! ,,mongols #bgb ,,*apt] ,,xxii ,,bogdan ,,s]ai #bhj ,,*apt] ,,xxiii ,,*ur* ,,( ,s4 ,,savi\r ,,9 ,,! ,,*ora #bhh ,,*apt] ,,xxiv ,,mosaics ,,& ,,frescoes ,,9 ,,! ,,*ur* ,,( ,s4 ,,savi\r ,,9 ,,! ,,*ora #cba ,,*apt] ,,xxv ,,dat+ ,,& ,,classification ,,( ,,! ,,*ur*es #ccb ,,bibliography #ccg ,,li/ ,,( ,,emp]ors #cda ,,index #cdc ,,plans ,,& ,,illu/rations ,,fig4 ,,page #a4 ,kasr ,ibn ,w>dan #d #b4 ,d] ,aghsy #f #c4 ,d] ,aghsy 7,section7 #f #d4 ,s4 ,ni*olas1 ,myra #g #e4 ,*ur* ( ! ,koimesis1 ,nicaea #h #f4 ,*ur* ( ! ,koimesis1 ,nicaea 7,section7 #i #g4 ,map ( ,byzant9e ,con/ant9ople fac+ #ae #h4 ,! ,sauc] ,dome or ,dome-,vault #af #i4 ,! ,dome on ,p5d5tives #af #aj4 ,! ,drum ,dome #ag #aa4 ,diagram ( ,vault+ 9 ,out] ,n>!x ( ,s4 ,savi\r 9 ! ,*ora4 #bb ,,*ur* ,,( ,s4 ,,john ,,! ,,bapti/ ,,( ,,! ,,/udion #ab4 ,plan ( ! ,*ur* #ef #ac4 ,long ,section #eg #ad4 ,cross ,section1 look+ ea/ #eh #ae4 ,cross ,section1 look+ we/ #eh #af4 ,elevation ( ! ,n>!x #ei #ag4 ,longitud9al ,section ( we/]n portion ( ! ,nave--,half-cross ,section ( ! ,nave #ei #ah4 ,details ( ! ,n>!x1 ,colonnade1 ,doors1 ,w9d[s #fj #ai4 ,details ( ,doors2 ,details f ,*ur* ( ,s4 ,!odore2 ,details f ,s4 ,savi\r 9 ! ,*ora #fa ,,*ur* ,,( ,,ss4 ,,s]gius ,,& ,,bac*us #bj4 ,inscription on ! ,frieze 9 ! ,*ur* #gd #ba4 ,ext]ior ,view ( ! ,dome #gg #bb4 ,brick ,/amps 9 ! ,*ur* #gi #bc4 ,gr\nd ,plan 7look+ up7 #hj #bd4 ,gynaeceum ,plan 7look+ up7 #hj #be4 ,plan at base ( ,dome 7,cross ,section7 #ha #bf4 ,transv]se ,section #ha #bg4 ,section ?r\gh ,s\? ,aisle #ha #bh4 ,con/ructive ,section ( ! ,int]ior ,arrangem5t1 %[+ ,gynaeceum ,floor1 ,vault+1 ,ro(1 & ,spr++ ( ,dome #hb #bi4 ,con/ructive ,section ( ! ,re>1 ) ,gynaeceum1 ,floor1 & ,ro( remov$ #hb #cj4 ,sections ( ,m\ld+s #hc ,,*ur* ,,( ,s4 ,,ir5e #ca4 ,gr\nd ,plan ( ! ,atrium & ,*ur* fac+ #ajd #cb4 ,gall]y ,plan #ajd #cc4 ,longitud9al ,section #ajd #cd4 ,s\? ,elevation #ajd #ce4 ,we/ ,elevation #aje ,,*ur* ,,( ,s4 ,,&rew ,,9 ,,krisei #cf4 ,plan ( ! ,*ur* 7re/or$7 #aah #cg4 ,plan ( ! ,*ur* #aai #ch1 #ci4 ,longitud9al ,sections #abj #dj4 ,isometrical ,section 7re/or$7 #aba ,,*ur* ,,( ,s4 ,,m>y ,,pana*rantos #da4 ,details ( ! ,%afts 9 ,ea/ ,w9d[s ( ,s\? ,*ur* #abd #db4 ,inscription on ,apse ( ,nor? ,*ur* #aca #dc4 ,plan ( ! ,*ur* 7conjectural7 #ace #dd4 ,plan ( ! ,*ur* #ace #de4 ,section ?r\gh ! ,nor? ,*ur* #ace #df4 ,section ?r\gh ! ,s\? ,*ur* #ace ,,*ur* ,,( ,s4 ,,m>y ,,pammak>i/os #dg4 ,plan ( ! ,*ur* 7conjectural7 #aeb #dh4 ,brick ,details f ! ,p>ecclesion #aed #di4 ,inscrib$ ,/r+-c\rse on ,apse ( ! ,p>ecclesion #aeg #ej4 ,plan ( ! ,*ur*--,plan ( ! ,p>ecclesion--,plan ( ! ,gynaeceum 9 ! ,p>ecclesion fac+ #afj #ea4 ,cross ,section ( ! ,*ur*1 look+ ea/ #afa #eb4 ,! ,p>ecclesion1 ea/ end ( s\? side #afb #ec4 ,sections 9 ! ,p>ecclesion--,plan ( ,dome 9 ! ,gynaeceum #afc ,,*ur* ,,( ,s4 ,,!odosia #ed4 ,int]ior ( ! ,*ur*1 look+ we/ #aga #ee4 ,details f ! ,*ur*--,details f ,*ur* ( ,s4 ,!odore--,capital & ,%aft f\nd ne> ,unkapan ,gate #agd #ef4 ,gr\nd ,plan #agi #eg4 ,plan ( ! ,gynaeceum #ahj #eh4 ,section 9 ! ,gynaeceum #aha #ei4 ,longitud9al ,section ( ! ,*ur* #aha #fj4 ,isometrical ,section1 %[+ s*eme #ahb ,,*ur* ,,( ,s4 ,,m>y ,,diaconissa #fa4 ,plan ( ! ,*ur* #ahi #fb4 ,longitud9al ,section #aij ,,*ur* ,,( ,,ss4 ,,pet] ,,& ,,m>k #fc4 ,font 9 ! /reet to ! we/ ( ! ,*ur*--,a ,w9d[ 9 ,s4 ,savi\r 9 ! ,*ora #aid #fd4 ,plan ( ! ,*ur* #aie #fe4 ,longitud9al ,section #aie ,,*ur* ,,( ,,! ,,myrelaion #ff4 ,plan ( ! ,*ur* #bjj #fg4 ,longitud9al ,section #bjj ,,*ur* ,,( ,s4 ,,john ,,! ,,bapti/ ,,9 ,,trullo #fh4 ,details f ! ,*ur*--,details f ! ,pammak>i/os--,details f ! ,pantepoptes #bjc #fi4 ,details f ,s4 ,&rew 9 ,krisei--,details f ! ,*ora #bjd #gj4 ,plan ( ,s4 ,john 9 ,trullo--,longitud9al ,section--,plan ( ! ,dome #bjf ,,*ur* ,,( ,s4 ,,!kla #ga4 ,plan ( ! ,*ur*--,cross ,section #bjf ,,*ur* ,,( ,s4 ,,savi\r ,,pantepoptes #gb4 ,sket*es f ! ,*ur* #bac #gc4 ,plan ( ! ,*ur*--,longitud9al ,section #bag #gd4 ,details f ! ,*ur* #bah ,,*ur* ,,( ,s4 ,,savi\r ,,pantokrator #ge4 ,details f ! ,*ur*--,details f ,s4 ,savi\r ,pantepoptes #bbe #gf4 ,inlaid ,m>ble ,pavem5t 9 ! ,pantokrator--,tile ,pavem5t 9 ! ,gall]y ( ,s4 ,!odosia #bcd #gg4 ,plan ( ! ,pantokrator fac+ #bdj #gh4 ,longitud9al ,section ?r\gh ! ,nor? ,*ur* #bda #gi4 ,longitud9al ,section ?r\gh ! ,c5tral ,*ur* #bda #hj4 ,longitud9al ,section ?r\gh ! ,s\? ,*ur* #bdb ,,*ur* ,,( ,s4 ,,!odore #ha4 ,details f ! ,*ur* #bde #hb4 ,plan ( ! ,*ur* by ,texi] #bdi #hc4 ,"p ( ,s\? ,elevation %[+ ! ,side ,*apel by ,texi] #bdi #hd4 ,plan ( ! ,*ur* #bea #he4 ,longitud9al ,section #bea #hf4 ,front ,elevation--,half-,plan ( ,c5tral ,dome 9 ! ,n>!x #beb #hg4 ,s\? ,elevation & ,section ?r\gh ,vault$ ,bay ( ,n>!x--,half-,plan ( ,c5tral ,dome #beb ,,mona/]y ,,( ,,manuel #hh4 ,plan ( ! ,refectory #bfa ,,mona/ir ,,mesj$i #hi4 ,plan ( ! ,*ur*--,cross ,section #bfa ,,balaban ,,mesj$i #ij4 ,plan ( ! ,build+ #bfg #ia4 ,section #bfg ,,*ur* ,,( ,,! ,,ga/ria #ib4 ,plan ( ! ,*ur* #bfg ,,*ur* ,,( ,s4 ,,m>y ,,( ,,! ,,mongols #ic4 ,ext]ior ,view #bgc #id4 ,int]ior ,view #bgd #ie4 ,! ,dome 7,int]ior ,view7 #bgf #if4 ,plan ( ,*ur* #bgi #ig4 ,plan ( ,s4 ,ni*olas ,me?ana #bgi ,,bogdan ,,s]ai #ih4 ,plan ( ,upp] ,*apel--,half-,section ( ,apse--,half-,section ( ,ea/ ,end--,longitud9al ,section #bhg ,,*ur* ,,( ,s4 ,,savi\r ,,9 ,,! ,,*ora #ii4 ,details f ! ,*ur* #cje #ajj4 ,details ( a ,w9d[ 9 ! ,gall]y #cji #aja4 ,plan ( ,s4 ,sophia1 ,salonica #cac #ajb4 ,plan ( ! ,*ora 7re/or$7 #cad #ajc4 ,bay 9 ! ,*ora 7re/or$7 #cae #ajd4 ,plan ( ,*ur* ( ! ,ar*angels1 ,syg #caf #aje4 ,plan ( ! ,*ora & ! ,p>ecclesion #cag #ajf4 ,cross ,section1 look+ we/ #cah #ajg4 ,plan ( ,upp] ,gall]y #cah #ajh4 ,section ?r\gh ,*ur* #cai #aji4 ,section ?r\gh ,*apel #cai #aaj4 ,plan ( ,dome #cbj #aaa4 ,section ?r\gh ,inn] ,n>!x #cbj #aab4 ,plan ( ,gall]y betwe5 ! ,*ur* & ! ,p>ecclesion #cbj #aac4 ,section ( ,nor? ,gall]y #cbj #aad4 ,plan ( ! ,n>!xes1 indicat+ ! positions ( _! ,mosaics #cba #aae4 ,model ( ! ,*ur* 9 ! ,mosaic ov] ,ma9 ,door 9 ! ,inn] ,n>!x #cbf #aaf4 ,plan ( ! ,p>ecclesion1 indicat+ positions ( its ,frescoes #cbh ,,plates ,i4 ,m$iaeval ,map ( ,con/ant9ople by ,bondelmontius ,frontispiece ,,fac+ ,,page ,,ii4 ,! ,myrelaion 7s9ce x 0 burn$74 7#a7 ,f ! nor?-we/4 7#b7 ,f ! s\?-ea/ #bj ,,iii4 7#a7 ,! ,myrelaion 7s9ce x 0 burn$74 ,! ,int]ior1 look+ ea/4 7#b7 ,suleiman ,aga ,mesj$i #bd ,,iv4 7#a7 ,bracket 9 ,s4 ,savi\r 9 ! ,*ora4 7#b7 ,sculptur$ ,slab 9 ,s4 ,!odore4 7#c7 ,s4 ,m>y ,diaconissa4 ,heads ( ,w9d[s 9 s\? arm4 7#d7 ,sculptur$ ,slab on ! ,we/ ,wall #bh ,,*ur* ,,( ,s4 ,,john ,,( ,,! ,,/udion ,v4 7#a7 ,! ,ru9$ ,int]ior1 se5 f ! m9>et ( ! mosque4 7#b7 ,! ,we/ ,side ( ! ,*ur* #cf ,,vi4 7#a7 ,faade ( ! ,n>!x4 7#b7 ,! ,ru9$ ,int]ior1 at ! ,we/ ,end ( ! ,nor? ,side #dj ,,vii4 7#a7 ,entablature & ,anta ,capital 9 ! ,n>!x4 7#b7 ,cornice 9 ! ,n>!x1 look+ up #dd ,,viii4 ,! ,*ur* f ! s\?-ea/ #dh ,,ix4 7#a7 ,! ,ea/ ,end ( ! ,*ur*4 7#b7 ,ea/ ,end ( ! ,nor? ,side ( ! ,*ur* #eb ,x4 7#a7 ,! ,ci/]n beside ! ,*ur*4 7#b7 ,ano!r ,view ( ! same #ed ,,! ,,*ur* ,,( ,,ss4 ,,s]gius ,,& ,,bac*us ,,xi4 ,! ,int]ior ( ! ,*ur*1 look+ nor?-we/ #fb ,,xii4 7#a7 ,a ,capital 9 ! ,*ur*4 7#b7 ,a ,capital 9 ! ,n>!x ( ,s4 ,john ( ! ,/udion #ff ,,xiii4 7#a7 ,! ,*ur* f ! s\?-ea/4 7#b7 ,view 9 ! ,gall]y ov] ! ,n>!x #gj ,,xiv4 7#a7 ,! ,int]ior ( ! ,*ur*1 look+ nor?-ea/4 7#b7 ,portion ( ! ,entablature 9 ! ,*ur* #gd ,,xv4 ,! ,bapti/]y ( ! ,*ur* ( ,s4 ,sophia4 7#a7 ,! ,ext]ior f ! nor?-ea/4 7#b7 ,! ,int]ior ( ! ,dome1 %[+ ,cont9u\s ,p5d5tives #gf ,,! ,,*ur* ,,( ,s4 ,,ir5e ,,xvi4 ,! ,*ur* f ! s\?-ea/ #hd ,,xvii4 7#a7 ,! ,s\? ,side4 7#b7 ,! ,nor? ,side #hf ,,xviii4 ,! ,int]ior1 look+ ea/ #ij ,,xix4 7#a7 ,vault+ at ! nor?-we/]n ,corn] ( ! ,atrium4 7#b7 ,! ,nor!rn ,ar* ( ! ,ma9 ,dome1 se5 f ! ,s\? ,gall]y #ib ,,xx4 7#a7 ,mosaic 9 ! ,s(fit ( an ,ar*4 7#b7 ,portion ( ! ,mosaic ,inscription on ! ,out] ,ar* ( ! ,apse #if ,,xxi4 7#a7 ,! ,int]ior1 look+ we/4 7#b7 ,! ,door at ! ,ea/ ,end ( ! ,nor? ,aisle #ih ,,xxii4 7#a7 ,vault+ ov] ! ,s\? ,aisle4 7#b7 ,a ,comp>tm5t ( ,vault+ 9 ,s\? ,aisle1 look+ up #ajj ,,xxiii4 7#a7 ,a ,capital 9 ! ,s\? ,arcade4 7#b7 ,base ( a ,column 9 ! ,s\? ,aisle #ajb ,,! ,,*ur* ,,( ,s4 ,,&rew ,,9 ,,krisei ,,xxiv4 ,! ,ea/ ,end ( ! ,*ur* #ajf ,,xxv4 7#a7 ,! ,*ur* f ! s\?-we/4 7#b7 ,! ,int]ior1 look+ s\? #ajh ,,xxvi4 7#a7 ,a ,capital 9 ! ,inn] ,n>!x4 7#b7 ,a ,capital 9 ! ,arcade "u ! ,we/ ,dome ,ar* #aaj ,,xxvii4 7#a7 ,a ,capital 9 ! ,out] ,n>!x4 7#b7 ,a ,capital 9 ! ,out] ,n>!x #aab ,,xxviii4 7#a7 ,view 9 ! ,out] ,n>!x4 7#b7 ,view 9 ! ,inn] ,n>!x1 look+ s\? #aad ,,xxix4 7#a7 ,view 9 ! ,cloi/]4 7#b7 ,view 9 ! ,c\rty>d #aaf ,,xxx4 7#a1 #b1 #c7 ,?ree ,views ( ! ,decorat$ ,doorway 9 ! ,cloi/] #aah ,,! ,,*ur* ,,( ,s4 ,,m>y ,,pana*rantos ,,xxxi4 7#a7 ,vault ( ! ,passage on ! ,we/ ( ! ,dome 9 ! ,s\? ,*ur*4 7#b7 ,! ,int]ior ( ! ,nor? ,*ur*1 look+ nor? #abb ,,xxxii4 7#a7 ,! ,nor? ,*ur*1 look+ ea/4 7#b7 ,! ,nor? ,*ur*1 look+ we/ #abf ,,xxxiii4 7#a7 ,! ,diaconicon1 look+ ea/4 7#b7 ,! ,we/]n ,dome ,ar* 9 ! ,s\? ,*ur* #abh ,,xxxiv4 7#a7 ,! ,ea/ ,w9d[ ( ! ,s\? ,*ur*4 7#b7 ,! ,out] ,n>!x1 look+ s\? #acj ,,xxxv4 7#a7 ,! ,ea/ ,end ( ! ,s\? ,*ur*4 7#b7 ,! ,ea/ ,end ( ! ,nor? ,*ur* #acb ,,*ur* ,,( ,s4 ,,m>y ,,pammak>i/os ,,xxxvi4 7#a7 ,! ,*ur* f ! s\?-ea/4 7#b7 ,! ,*ur* f ! we/ #ach ,,xxxvii4 7#a7 ,! ,inn] ,n>!x1 look+ s\?4 7#b7 ,! ,dome1 look+ we/ #adb ,,xxxviii4 ,! ,p>ecclesion f ! s\?-ea/ #add ,,xxxix4 7#a7 ,! ,ea/ ,end ( ! ,p>ecclesion4 7#b7 ,! ,we/ ,column 9 ! ,p>ecclesion #adh ,,xl4 7#a7 ,! ,ea/ ,column 9 ! ,p>ecclesion4 7#b7 ,! ,column flank+ ! ,ea/ ,w9d[ 9 ! ,apse ( ! ,p>ecclesion4 7#c7 ,! ,we/ ,column 9 ! ,p>ecclesion #aej ,,xli4 7#a7 ,int]ior ,view ( ! ,dome 9 ! ,p>ecclesion4 7#b7 ,mosaic 9 ! ,dome ( ! ,p>ecclesion #aed ,,xlii4 ,s\? ,side ( ! ,p>ecclesion #aef ,,*ur* ,,( ,s4 ,,!odosia ,,xliii4 7#a7 ,! ,ea/ ,end ( ! ,*ur*4 7#b7 ,! ,*ur* f ! s\?-ea/ #afd ,,xliv4 7#a7 ,! ,int]ior1 look+ nor?-ea/4 7#b7 ,! ,ea/]n ,dome ,ar* #afh ,,xlv4 7#a7 ,! ,dome ov] ! ,/airway to ! ,gall]ies4 7#b7 ,! ,n>!x1 look+ nor?1 & ! ,/airway to ! ,gall]ies #agb ,,*ur* ,,( ,s4 ,,m>y ,,diaconissa ,,xlvi4 7#a7 ,! ,nor?-we/ ,side1 se5 f ! ,aqu$uct ( ,val5s4 7#b7 ,! ,nor? ,arm1 look+ ea/ #ahb ,,xlvii4 7#a7 ,! ,int]ior1 look+ nor?-ea/4 7#b7 ,! ,int]ior1 look+ s\?-ea/ #ahd ,,xlviii4 7#a7 ,! ,l[] ,"p ( ! ,nor? ,side ( ! ,ea/ ,end4 7#b7 ,! ,upp] ,"p ( ! ,nor? ,side ( ! ,ea/ ,end #ahf ,,xlix4 7#a7 ,s\? ,eikon ,frame4 7#b7 ,detail 9 ! ,s\? ,eikon ,frame #ahh ,l4 7#a7 ,! ,int]ior1 look+ we/4 7#b7 ,a ,capital on ! ,column at ! ,entrance to ! ,*ur* #aij ,,*ur* ,,( ,,ss4 ,,pet] ,,& ,,m>k ,,li4 7#a7 ,! ,*ur* f ! s\?-ea/4 7#b7 ,font outside ! ,*ur* #aib ,,lii4 7#a7 ,! ,dome1 look+ nor?4 7#b7 ,look+ across ! ,dome1 f ! s\?-we/ #aid ,,*ur* ,,( ,,! ,,myrelaion ,,liii4 7#a7 ,! ,s\? ,side ( ! ,*ur*4 7#b7 ,! ,n>!x1 look+ nor? #aif ,,liv4 7#a7 ,! ,int]ior1 look+ ea/4 7#b7 ,! s\?-we/ ,angle ( ! ,cross #aih ,,lv4 7#a7 ,s4 ,john 9 ,trullo f ! s\?-we/4 7#b7 ,! ,int]ior ( ,balaban ,mesj$i #bjb ,,lvi4 ,! ,*ur* ( ,s4 ,!kla4 7#a7 ,f ! nor?-we/4 7#b7 ,! ,ea/ ,end #bjh ,,! ,,*ur* ,,( ,s4 ,,savi\r ,,pantepoptes ,,lvii4 7#a7 ,door lead+ f ! ,out] to ! ,inn] ,n>!x4 7#b7 ,! ,dome1 look+ we/ #bab ,,lviii4 7#a7 ,decoration 9 ,brick on ! ,ext]ior ( ! ,s\? ,wall4 7#b7 ,bracket 9 ! ,p>ecclesion ( ,s4 ,m>y ,pammak>i/os #bad ,,*ur* ,,( ,s4 ,,savi\r ,,pantokrator ,,lix4 ,! ,*ur* f ! we/ #bbj ,,lx4 7#a7 ,! ,*ur* f ! nor?-we/4 7#b7 ,fragm5ts ( ,sculptur$ ,m>bles f\nd 9 ! ,*ur* #bbb ,,lxi4 7#a7 ,int]ior ( ! ,s\? ,*ur*1 look+ ea/4 7#b7 ,! ,s\!rn ,arm ( ! ,*ur* #bbd ,,lxii4 7#a7 ,entrance f ! ,n>!x to ! ,s\? ,*ur*4 7#b7 ,int]ior1 look+ f ! ,s\? ,*ur* ?r\gh into ! ,nor? ,*ur* #bbf ,,lxiii4 7#a7 ,! ,gall]y 9 ! ,nor? ,*ur*1 look+ s\?4 7#b7 ,int]ior ( ! ,nor? ,*ur*1 look+ ea/ #bbh ,,lxiv4 7#a7 ,ar* 9 ! ,nor? ,wall ( ! ,s\? ,*ur*1 se5 f ! ,s\? ,*ur*1 look+ nor?4 7#b7 ,ar* 9 ! ,nor? ,wall ( ! ,s\? ,*ur*1 se5 f ! ,c5tral ,*ur*1 look+ s\? #bcj ,,lxv4 7#a7 ,n>!x ( ! ,nor? ,*ur*1 look+ nor?4 7#b7 ,out] ,n>!x ( ! ,s\? ,*ur*1 look+ nor? #bcb ,,lxvi4 7#a7 ,s\? ,bay 9 ! ,gall]y ( ! ,s\? ,*ur*4 7#b7 ,view 9 ! ,nor? ,*ur*1 look+ s\? #bcd ,,lxvii4 7#a7 ,! ,pulpit 9 ! ,s\? ,*ur*4 7#b7 ,we/ ,side ( ! ,c5tral ,bay 9 ! ,gall]y ( ! ,s\? ,*ur* #bcf ,,lxviii4 7#a7 ,int]ior ( ! ,ea/ ,dome 9 ! ,c5tral ,*ur*4 7#b7 ,int]ior ( ! ,dome 9 ! ,s\? ,*ur*1 look+ nor? #bch ,,lxix4 7#a7 ,! ,ea/ ,end f ! s\?4 7#b7 ,ea/ ,w9d[ ( ! ,c5tral ,*ur*4 7#c7 ,! ,ea/ ,end f ! nor? #bdb ,,*ur* ,,( ,s4 ,,!odore ,,lxx4 7#a7 ,! ,nor? ,end ( ! ,we/]n ,faade4 7#b7 ,! ,*ur* f ! nor?-we/ #bdd ,,lxxi4 7#a7 ,! ,c5tral ,dome f ! s\?4 7#b7 ,! ,we/]n ,faade f ! s\? #bdf ,,lxxii4 7#a7 ,! ,s\? ,cross ,arm 7ext]ior7 f ! s\?-ea/4 7#b7 ,! ,ea/ ,end f ! s\? #bdh ,,lxxiii4 7#a7 ,! ,capital on ! ,s\!rnmo/ ,column 9 ! ,faade4 7#b7 ,capital 9 ! ,faade #bej ,,lxxiv4 7#a7 ,! ,out] ,n>!x1 look+ nor?4 7#b7 ,capital on ! ,nor? ,side ( ! ,door lead+ f ! ,out] to ! ,inn] ,n>!x #bed ,,lxxv4 7#a7 ,! ,int]ior1 look+ ea/4 7#b7 ,! ,int]ior 7upp] "p71 look+ ea/ #bef ,,! ,,refectory ,,( ,,! ,,mona/]y ,,( ,,manuel ,,lxxvi4 7#a7 ,f ! we/4 7#b7 ,f ! s\?-ea/ #beh ,,lxxvii4 ,ci/]n ( ,aetius #bfb ,,*ur* ,,( ,,! ,,ga/ria ,,lxxviii4 7#a7 ,! ,*ur* f ! ea/4 7#b7 ,! ,entrance #bfh ,,lxxix4 7#a7 ,! ,*ur* f ! we/4 7#b7 ,! ,int]ior #bgj ,,bogdan ,,s]ai ,,lxxx4 7#a7 ,! ,apse 9 ! ,upp] ,*apel4 7#b7 ,a ,p5d5tive ( ! ,dome4 7#c7 ,! ,*apel1 f ! nor?-we/ #bhj ,,*ur* ,,( ,s4 ,,savi\r ,,9 ,,! ,,*ora ,,lxxxi4 7#a7 ,! ,*ur* f ! we/4 7#b7 ,! ,*ur* f ! s\?-ea/ #bhh ,,lxxxii4 7#a7 ,! ,*ur* f ! nor?-ea/4 7#b7 ,! ,nor? ,side ( ! ,*ur* #bib ,,lxxxiii4 7#a7 ,! ,inn] ,n>!x1 look+ s\?4 7#b7 ,ano!r ,view ( ! same #bif ,,lxxxiv4 7#a7 ,a ,capital 9 ! ,out] ,n>!x4 7#b7 ,ano!r ,capital 9 ! ,out] ,n>!x #cjj ,,lxxxv4 7#a7 ,! ,int]ior1 look+ nor?-we/4 7#b7 ,! ,out] ,n>!x1 look+ s\? #cjd ,,lxxxvi4 7#a7 ,! ,eikon ,frame on ! ,s\?-ea/]n ,pi]4 7#b7 ,! ,int]ior1 look+ ea/ #cjh ,,lxxxvii4 7#a7 ,! ,cornice above ! ,ma9 ,door 7on ! ,int]ior74 7#b7 ,! ,ar*ivolt on ! ,nor? ,wall ( ! ,p>ecclesion4 7#c7 ,w9d[ ,heads 9 ! ,c5tral ,apse #caj ,,lxxxviii4 7#a7 ,! ,ea/ ,end ( ! ,p>ecclesion4 7#b7 ,a ,capital at ! ,entrance to ! ,p>ecclesion #cad ,,lxxxix4 7#a7 ,! ,p>ecclesion1 look+ s\?-ea/4 7#b7 ,! ,p>ecclesion1 look+ we/ #caf ,,xc4 7#a7 ,mosaic repres5t+ ! ,miracle ( ,wat] turn$ into ,w9e4 7#b7 ,mosaic repres5t+ ,m>y c>ess$ by h] p>5ts1 & bless$ by prie/s seat$ at a banquet #cbb ,,xci4 7#a7 ,mosaic repres5t+ ! ,regi/ration ( ,m>y & ,joseph at ,be?lehem4 7#b7 ,mosaic repres5t+ ,!odore ,meto*ites (f]+ ! ,*ur* to ,*ri/ #cbf ,,xcii4 ,! ,ar*ivolt on ! ,s\? ,wall ( ! ,p>ecclesion1 ) ! ,epitaph 9 hon\r ( ,tornikes #ccj ,,*apt] ,i ,,byzant9e ,,ar*itecture ,i4 ,,plann+ ,at ! beg9n+ ( ! fif? c5tury1 :i* is a suitable po9t f :i* to date ! rise ( ,byzant9e ar*itecture1 ?ree pr9cipal types ( *ur* plan prevail$ 9 ! ,roman _w3-- ,i4 ,! ,basilica3 an oblong hall divid$ into nave & aisles1 & ro($ 9 wood1 z 9 ! ,italian & ,salonican examples1 or ) /one b>rel-vaults1 z 9 ,asia ,m9or & ,c5tral ,syria4 ,,ii4 ,! ,octagonal or ,circul> plan cov]$ ) a /one or brick dome1 a type :i* may be subdivid$ accord+ z 7#a7 ! dome re/s ^u ! out] walls ( ! build+1 or 7#b7 on columns or pi]s surr\nd$ by an ambulatory4 ,! ,pan!on & ! s-call$ ,temple ( ,m9]va ,m$ica at ,rome are e>ly examples ( ! fir/ v>iety1 ! fir/ circul>1 ! second a decagon 9 plan4 ,s4 ,george at ,salonica is a lat] circul> example4 ,an e>ly in/ance ( ! second v>iety is f\nd 9 ,s4 ,con/anza at ,rome1 & a consid]able numb] ( simil> *ur*es occur 9 ,asia ,m9or1 dat+ f ! "t ( ,con/ant9e ! ,great or a little lat]4 ,,iii4 ,! ,cross plan4 ,"h we h a squ>e c5tral area cov]$ by a dome1 f :i* ext5d f\r vault$ arms con/itut+ a cross4 ,?is type also assumes two di/9ct =ms3 7#a7 ,build+s 9 :i* ! gr\nd plan is cruci=m1 s t ! cross %[s ext]nally at ! gr\nd level4 ,*ur*es ( ?is class are usually small1 & 7 probably sepul*ral *apels r ?an *ur*es = public wor%ip4 ,a good example is ! tomb ( ,galla ,placidia at ,rav5na4 7#b7 ,9 ! second =m ( ! ,cross *ur* ! cross is enclos$ )9 a squ>e1 & appe>s only above ! ro(s ( ! angle *amb]s4 ,an example is se5 9 ! late ,roman tomb at ,kusr en ,neijs 9 ,ea/]n ,pale/9e4 ,9 ?is in/ance ! c5tral squ>e area is cov]$ ) a dome on cont9u\s p5d5tives2 ! f\r arms h b>rel-vaults1 & ! angles ( ! cross are occupi$ by small *amb]s1 :i* br+ ! gr\nd-plan to ! squ>e4 ,! build+ is assign$ to ! second c5tury1 & %[s t true ?\gh cont9u\s p5d5tives 7 kn[n at an e>ly date#aj 7,fig4 #h74 ,ano!r example is ! ,praetorium at ,musmiyeh1 9 ,syria1#aa :i* probably dates f betwe5 #afj & #afi ,a4,d4 ,at "s lat] "t x 0 alt]$ to a *ur*1 & by a curi\s =e%ad[+ ( ! late ,byzant9e plan ! walls ( ! int]nal cross h entirely disappe>$ f ! gr\nd-plan4 ,! dome re/s on f\r columns plac$ at ! inn] angles ( ! cross1 & ! vault$ cross arms re/ on l9tels spann+ ! space betwe5 ! columns & ! out] walls4 ,f ^! ?ree types ( build+ are d]iv$ ! v>i\s s*emes on :i* ! *ur*es ( ! ,byzant9e ,empire 7 plann$4 ,( ! basilican =m ! only example 9 ,con/ant9ople t reta9s its orig9al plan is ,s4 ,john ! ,bapti/ ( ! ,/udion 7p4 #ef71 erect$ c4 #dfc ,a4,d4 ,! *ur* ( ,,ss4 ,s]gius & ,bac*us 7p4 #gj7 & ! bapti/]y ( ,s4 ,sophia 7p4 #gh7 repres5t respectively ! two v>ieties ( ! octagonal plan4 ,9 ! =m] ! dome re/s on pi]s surr\nd$ by an ambulatory2 9 ! latt] ! dome re/s ^u ! out] walls ( ! build+s4 ,bo? are f\ndations ( ,ju/9ian ! ,great4 ,( ! ,cross *ur* plan %[+ ! cross ext]nally at ! gr\nd level no example survives 9 ! city4 ,b at lea/ "o *ur* ( t =m 0 se5 at ,con/ant9ople 9 ! case ( ! *ur* ( ! ,holy ,apo/les4 ,?is 0 ess5tially a mausoleum1 built orig9ally by ,con/ant9e ! ,great & recon/ruct$ by ,ju/9ian to conta9 ! s>cophagi ( ! sov]eigns & ! patri>*s ( ,new ,rome4#ab ,! *ur* ( ,s4 ,m>k at ,v5ice 0 built on ! plan ( ! ,holy ,apo/les4 ,x is a cruci=m *ur* ) aisles1 b ! gall]ies :i* might h be5 expect$ above !m are omitt$4 ,! c5tral dome re/s on f\r pi]s1 & f\r small] domes cov] ! arms4 ,pr(essor ,/rzyg[ski gives examples ( cross-plann$ cells 9 ! catacombs ( ,palmyra1#ac & 9 _m ,ea/]n rock tombs4#ad ,su* cross plans are f\nd also 9 ! ,roman catacombs4 ,^! subt]ranean *apels1 ( c\rse1 d n %[ ! ext]nal treatm5t1 yet !re c be little d\bt t ! ext]nal cross plan 0 orig9ally sepul*ral1 & owes its peculi> sy/em ( plann+ to t fact4 ,on ! o!r h&1 x 0 adopt$ 9 su* *ur*es z ,s4 ,m>k's at ,v5ice & 9 ! ,fr5* examples ( ,prigord = ae/hetic or traditional reasons4 ,9 pass+ n[ to a consid]ation ( ! di/9ct =ms develop$ f ^! pre-,byzant9e types ( *ur* build+1 ! classification adopt$ by ,pr(essor ,/rzyg[ski may be foll[$4 ,9 8 ,kle9asi5 he has br\ght =w>d a s]ies ( build+s :i* %[ ! mann] 9 :i* a dome 0 fitt$ to ! oblong basilica1 produc+ ! dom$ basilica 7,kuppelbasilica71 an evolution :i* he reg>ds z ,hell5i/ic & ,ea/]n4 ,9 contra/ to ?is1 ,/rzyg[ski di/+ui%es ! dom$ cross *ur* 7,kreuzkuppelkir*e71 ( :i* ,s4 ,!odosia 9 ,con/ant9ople 7p4 #agj7 is ! typical example & :i* is a ,we/]n developm5t4 ,a comp>ison ( ! two =ms is ( great importance = ! /udy ( c]ta9 ,con/ant9ople *ur*es4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #a4--,,kasr ,,ibn ,,w>dan 7,/rzyg[ski74 ,! dom$ basilica1 z ! "n indicates1 is a basilica ) nave & aisles1 9 :i* a squ>e bay 9 ! c5tre ( ! nave is cov]$ by a dome on p5d5tives4 ,to nor? & s\?1 )9 ! ar*es support+ ! dome1 appe> ! nave & gall]y arcades ( ! basilica2 & z ! gall]i$ basilica is a usual ,ea/]n =m gall]ies are usual 9 ! dom$ basilica4 ,z se5 f ! c5tral area1 !re=e1 ! nor? & s\? dome ar*es are fill$ 9 ) arcades 9 two /ories1 & ! side aisles & gall]ies are cov]$ ) b>rel vaults runn+ p>allel to ! axis ( ! *ur*4 ,at ! we/ end a gall]y ov] ! n>!x may unite ! two side gall]ies4 ,at ,kasr ibn ,w>dan1 in/anc$ by ,/rzyg[ski z a typical dom$ basilica1#ae !re is su* a we/]n gall]y 7,fig4 #a74 ,accord+ to ,/rzyg[ski ! dom$ basilica is old] ?an ! fif? c5tury4 ,! dom$ basilica rema9s always an oblong build+1 & :il/ ! two sides to nor? & s\? are symmetrical1 ! we/]n end reta9s ! basilican *>act]i/ics--x has no gall]y or arcade communicat+ ) ! c5tral area4 ,! n>!x communicates ) ! nave by doors1 & if a gall]y is plac$ above x1 bo? n>!x & gall]y are cov]$ by b>rel vaults4 ,9 ! dom$ cross *ur* 7,kreutzkppelkir*e7 ! c5tral dome re/s on b>rel vaults :i* ext5d to ! out] walls ( ! build+ & =m ! arms ( ! cross1 ! ea/]n arm =m+ ! bema4 ,! light+ ( ! *ur* is by w9d[s 9 ! gable walls :i* t]m9ate ! nor?1 s\?1 & we/ cross arms4 ,! pro!sis & diaconicon op5 (f ! side arms1 & two small *amb]s 9 ! we/]n angles ( ! cross br+ ! plan ext]nally to ! usual rectangul> =m4 ,! dom$ cross *ur* may h gall]ies1 z 9 ,s4 ,!odosia 7p4 #agj71 or may be )\t !m1 z 9 ,,ss4 ,pet] & ,m>k 7p4 #aic74 ,:]e gall]ies are pres5t !y are plac$ 9 ! cross arms & are support$ by arcades at ! gr\nd level4 ,! vaults b5ea? ! gall]ies are cross-gro9$4 ,! dom$ cross *ur* is a c5trally plann$ *ur*1 9 contra/ to ! dom$ basilica1 :i* is oblong1 & !re=e we %\ld expect t :]e gall]ies are us$ !y w be =m$ 9 all ?ree arms ( ! cross1 z is ! case 9 ,s4 ,!odosia4 ,!re are a numb] ( *ur*es :i* v>y f ^! types1 b :i* c g5]ally be plac$ 9 "o class or ! o!r by ! consid]ation ( two ma9 *>act]i/ics3 if ! dome ar*es ext5d to ! out] walls ! build+ is a dom$ cross *ur*2 if ! gall]ies are scre5$ (f f ! c5tral area by arcades ! build+ is a dom$ basilica4 ,! *ur* at ,d] ,aghsy1#af = in/ance1 if we _h only ! plan to guide u1 w\ld appe> to be a typical dom$ basilica 7,fig4 #b71 b on exam9+ ! section we f9d t ! nor? & s\? dome ar*es ext5d ov] ! gall]ies to ! out] walls & =m cross arms 7,fig4 #c74 ,! build+ is1 9 fact1 a dom$ cross *ur* ) no gall]y 9 ! we/]n arm4 ,above ! n>!x at ! we/ end1 & sep>at$ f ! we/]n cross arm1 is a gall]y ( ! type usual 9 ! dom$ basilica1 s t ,d] ,aghsy may be reg>d$ z a dom$ cross *ur* ) features d]iv$ f ! dom$ basilica4 ,s4 ,sophia at ,con/ant9ople1 ! highe/ developm5t ( ! dom$ basilica1 has a v simil> we/]n gall]y4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #b4--;,,d] ,,aghsy 7,rott74 ,! *ur* ( ,s4 ,ni*olas at ,myra#ag 7,fig4 #d7 has a gall]y at ! we/ end1 b ! cross arms d n appe> to be c>ri$ ov] ! gall]ies4 ,! plan is oblong & ! cross-gro9$ vault is n us$4 ,! *ur*1 !re=e1 takes its place z a dom$ basilica4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #c4--;,,d] ,,aghsy--,,section 7,rott74 ,! *ur* ( ! ,koimesis at ,nicaea#ah 7,figs4 #e & #f7 has no gall]ies to ! sides4 ,! aisles op5 into ! c5tral area by arcades1 above :i* are triple w9d[s ov] ! aisle vaults4 ,at ! we/]n end is a gall]y above ! n>!x4 ,! aisles are b>rel-vault$1 & z ! *ur* is plann$ on an axis f ea/ to we/1 & is n symmetrical on all ?ree sides1 x is reg>d$ z a dom$ basilica4 ,x is su* a =m z might be develop$ f a basilica )\t gall]ies4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #d4--,s4 ,,ni*olas1 ,,myra 7,rott74 ,9 ,con/ant9ople !re are ?ree *ur*es :i* seem to con/itute a type ap>t1 ?\gh resembl+ 9 _m ways ! types j consid]$4 ,!y are ,s4 ,&rew 9 ,krisei1 7p4 #aag71 ,s4 ,m>y ,pammak>i/os 7p4 #aej71 & ,s4 ,m>y ,pana*rantos 7p4 #acj74 ,9 ^! *ur*es1 z orig9ally built1 ! c5tral dome is c>ri$ on f\r ar*es :i* rise above a "o-/ori$ aisle or ambulatory1 all[+ ( w9d[s 9 ! dome ar*es on ?ree sides--! ea/]n dome ar* be+ prolong$ to =m ! bema4 ,! dome ar*es h arcades communicat+ ) ! ambulatory on ! nor?1 s\?1 & we/4 ,! vault+ is execut$ ei!r ) b>rel or ) cross-gro9$ vaults4 ,^! *ur*es are evid5tly plann$ f a c5tre1 n1 l ! dom$ basilicas1 f a longitud9al axis4 ,at ! same "t ! abs5ce ( any cross arms diff]5tiates !m f ! dom$ cross *ur*es4 ,s4 ,&rew1 :i* /ill reta9s its we/]n arcade1 dates f at lea/ ! six? c5tury1 s t ! type 0 9 use dur+ ! great p]iod ( ,byzant9e ar*itecture4 ,inde$1 we %\ld be incl9$ to reg>d ,s4 ,&rew z a squ>e =m ( ,,ss4 ,s]gius & ,bac*us1 b )\t gall]ies4 ,! type is a natural developm5t f ! octagonal dom$ *ur* ) its surr\nd+ ambulatory4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #e4--,,! ,,*ur* ,,( ,,! ,,koimesis1 ,,nicaea 7,wulf74 ,! typical late ,byzant9e *ur* is a developm5t f ! dom$ cross plan4 ,9 ?ree examples 9 ,con/ant9ople1 ,s4 ,!odosia 7pp4 #agj1 #agb71 ,s4 ,m>y ,diaconissa 7p4 #ahe71 & ,,ss4 ,pet] & ,m>k 7p4 #aic71 we c trace ! gradual disappe>ance ( ! gall]ies4 ,s4 ,!odosia1 z has already be5 m5tion$1 has gall]ies 9 all ?ree cross arms4 ,9 ,s4 ,m>y ,diaconissa !y are conf9$ to ! f\r angles betwe5 ! cross arms2 ,,ss4 ,pet] & ,m>k is a simple cross plan )\t gall]ies4 ,9 lat] times x became cu/om>y to build _m small *ur*es1 ) ! result t ! *amb]s at ! angles ( ! cross1 ( little acc\nt ev5 9 a l>ge *ur*1 7 n[ too dim9utive to be ( any value1 & ! "q h[ to provide z mu* room z possible = ! wor%ipp]s became p>am\nt4 ,accord+ly ! dome pi]s 7 r$uc$ to m]e columns connect$ ) ! out] walls ( ! build+ by ar*es2 & ?us 0 produc$ ! typical late ,byzant9e plan--at ! gr\nd level a squ>e1 enclos+ f\r columns2 above1 a ,greek cross ) a dome on ! c5tre4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #f4--,,! ,,*ur* ,,( ,,! ,,koimesis1 ,,nicaea 7,rott74 ,f its di/+ui%+ feature ?is type has be5 /yl$ ! 'f\r column' plan4 ,x appe>s 9 _m ,con/ant9opolitan *ur*es1 z1 = example1 ,s4 ,!odore 7p4 #bdh7 & ,s4 ,savi\r ,pantepoptes 7p4 #bad74 ,! cross arms are n always equal1 & may be cov]$ ) b>rel vaults 7p4 #bad7 or ) cross-gro9$ vaults 7p4 #aih74 ,! bema is usually a bay add$ to ! ea/]n arm4 ,! angle *amb]s h ei!r cross-gro9$ vaults or flat dome vaults4 ,9 g5]al ! *ur*es ( ?is type 9 ,con/ant9ople d n diff] f ! num]\s *ur*es ( ! same class 9 ! prov9ces4#ai ,a lob$ cruci=m plan is f\nd 9 only "o *ur* 9 ,con/ant9ople1 t ( ,s4 ,m>y ( ! ,mongols 7p4 #bgg74 ,"h ! c5tral dome is support$ on f\r pi]s set across ! angles ( ! squ>e1 s t ! p5d5tives d n come to a po9t z usual1 b spr+ f ! face ( ! pi]s4 ,aga9/ ea* side ( ! squ>e a semi-dome is set1 ?us produc+ a quatrefoil plan at ! vault+ level4 ,bo? trefoil$ & quatrefoil$ *ur*es are n uncommon 9 ,arm5ia1 su* z ! ca!dral at ,ets*miadz92#bj trefoil$ *ur*es ( a lat] date are f\nd 9 ! we/]n prov9ces1 & examples h be5 publi%$ f ,s]via1#ba ,salonica1#bb & ,greece4#bc ,an unusual =m ( ! cross plan is se5 9 ! build+ kn[n z ,sanjakd> ,mesj$i 7p4 #bfg71 :]e a cross is plac$ )9 an octagon4 ,probably ! build+ 0 n orig9ally a *ur*4 ,x resembles ! octagon ne> ! ,pantokrator 7p4 #bgj71 & may1 l x1 h be5 a libr>y4 ,s+le ,hall ,*ur*es4--,! plans hi!rto consid]$ h all be5 *>act]is$ by ! pres5ce ( aisles1 gall]ies1 or o!r spaces adjo9+ ! c5tral area4 ,! *ur*es ( ! pres5t class consi/ simply ( an oblong hall1 t]m9at+ 9 an apse1 & ei!r ro($ 9 wood1 or cov]$ ) domes plac$ longitud9ally1 & re/+ to nor? & s\? on wall ar*es4 ,examples ( ?is plan are f\nd 9 ,mona/ir ,mesj$i 7p4 #bfd71 ,s4 ,!kla 7p4 #baa71 ,bogdan ,s]ai 7p4 #bhd71 & 9 ! memorial *apels atta*$ to ! ,pantokrator 7p4 #bce71 & ! ,*ora 7p4 #cji74 ,9 ! case ( ^! two memorial *apels1 _! n>r[1 long-/ret*$ plan is evid5tly due to ! desire to keep _! ea/]n apses 9 l9e ) ! ea/ end ( ! *ur*es !y adjo91 & at ! same "t to br+ ! we/]n end to ! n>!x f :i* !y 7 ent]$4 ,!y are cov]$ ) two domes1 a sy/em p]haps d]iv$ f ,s4 ,ir5e 7p4 #id74 ,kefel ,mesj$i 7p4 #beg71 :i* at fir/ sight resembles a s+le hall *ur* ro($1 9 wood1 0 a refectory4 ,its plan may be comp>$ ) t ( ! refectory at ! mona/]y ( ,s4 ,luke at ,/iris4#bd ,,ii4 ,,ar*itectural ,,features ,,& ,,details ,apses4--,a fully develop$ ,byzant9e *ur* t]m9at$ 9 ?ree apses3 a l>ge apse1 ) ! bema or presbyt]y1 9 ! c5tre2 on ! "r1 ! apse ( ! pro!sis :]e ! sacram5t 0 prep>$2 on ! left1 ! apse ( ! diaconicon1 :]e ! sacr$ vessels 7 kept4 ,al?\gh !re is pro( t ! pro!sis & ! diaconicon 7 9 use at a v e>ly p]iod1 yet _m *ur*es ( ! great p]iod1 z = example ,s4 ,john ( ! ,/udion1 ,,ss4 ,s]gius & ,bac*us1 & ,s4 ,sophia1 disp5s$ ) ^! *amb]s z di/9ct p>ts ( ! build+4 ,!y 7 also omitt$ 9 small *ur*es ( a late date1 :]e !y 7 replac$ by ni*es on ei!r side ( ! bema4 ,! ?ree apses usually project f ! ea/ wall ( ! *ur*1 b occasionally 7p4 #bdh7 ! two lat]al apses are sunk 9 ! wall1 & only ! c5tral apse %[s on ! ext]ior4 ,z a rule ! apses are circul> )9 & polygonal )\t4 ,x is r>e to f9d !m circul> on bo? ! int]ior & ! ext]ior 7p4 #bjc71 & 9 ,greece su* a feature is g5]ally an indication ( late date4 ,an octagonal plan1 9 :i* ?ree sides ( ! octagon appe>1 sometimes ) %ort returns to ! wall1 is ! mo/ common2 b 9 lat] *ur*es polygons ( m sides are us$1 especially = ! c5tral apse1 & ^! are (t5 v irregul>ly set out4 ,"s ( ! *ur*es ( ,con/ant9ople %[ five1 & ev5 sev5 sides4 ,bema4--,! bema is rectangul>1 & sometimes has concave ni*es on ea* side 7p4 #acj74 ,x is cov]$ ei!r ) a b>rel or ) a cross-gro9$ vault1 & communicates ) ! pro!sis & ! diaconicon4 ,pro!sis & ,diaconicon4--,^! *amb]s are ei!r squ>e 7p4 #bad7 or h a long limb to ! ea/ resembl+ a m9iature bema 7p4 #bad74 ,!y are l[] ?an ! c5tral apse & ! cross arms1 s t ! cruci=m figure ( ! *ur* %[s cle>ly above !m on ! ext]ior1#be ?\gh 9 "s *ur*es ) gall]ies small *apels ov]look+ ! bema are plac$ above !m at ! gall]y level 7,s4 ,!odosia74 ,!y h usually a ni*e on ?ree sides1 & are ei!r dome vault$ or h cross-gro9$ vaults4 ,! comb9ation ( a cross-gro9$ vault ) f\r ni*es spr++ f ! vault+ level is p>ticul>ly effective4 ,9 ,s4 ,savi\r 9 ! ,*ora 7p4 #cjg7 ^! *amb]s are cov]$ ) drum domes1 pi]c$ ) w9d[s1 b ?is treatm5t is q exceptional4 ,! ,gynecaeum4--,9 ! developm5t ( *ur* build+1 ! gynecaeum1 or gall]y = wom51 t5ds to become less & less important4 ,9 ,s4 ,sophia1 ,s4 ,ir5e1 & ,s4 ,!odosia1 ! gall]y is a "p ( ! /ructure4 ,9 ,s4 ,m>y ,diaconissa 7p4 #ahe7 x is r$uc$ to f\r boxes at ! angles ( ! cross1 :ile 9 ,s4 ,m>y ,pammak>i/os & ,,ss4 ,pet] & ,m>k x is abs5t 7pp4 #adi1 #aic74 ,b ?\gh no long] a /ructural "p ( ! *ur*1 a gynecaeum appe>s ov] ! n>!x 9 ! late/ type ( *ur* 7p4 #bae74 ,x is g5]ally vault$ 9 ?ree bays1 correspond+ to ! ?ree bays ( ! n>!x bel[1 & op5s by ?ree ar*es into ! c5tre cross arm ( ! *ur* & into ! aisles4 ,! ,n>!x4--,unlike ! gynecaeum1 ! n>!x t5ds 9 lat] times to become ( great] importance1 & to add a n>!x 0 a fav\rite me?od ( increas+ ! size ( a *ur*4 ,9 basilican *ur*es1 l ,s4 ,john ( ! ,/udion1 ! n>!x 0 a long hall 9 ?ree bays annex$ to ! we/ side ( ! build+1 & =m$ ! ea/ side ( ! atrium4 ,9 dom$ cross *ur*es ) gall]ies ! passage "u ! we/]n gall]y 0 us$ z a n>!x1 be+ cut (f f ! c5tral area by ! scre5 arcade :i* support$ ! gall]y4 ,su* a n>!x has be5 /yl$ a '/ructural n>!x1' z =m+ an ess5tial "p ( ! c5tral build+4 ,x occurs 9 sev]al ( ! *ur*es ( ! city 7p4 #aad74 ,9 dom$ cross *ur*es )\t gall]ies1 & 9 *ur*es ( ! 'f\r column' type1 nei!r n>!x nor gall]y 0 possible )9 ! cross1 & accord+ly ! n>!x 0 add$ to ! we/ end4 ,x is usually 9 ?ree bays & op5s into ! aisles & c5tral area4 ,frequ5tly ! ends ( ! n>!x t]m9ate 9 %all[ ni*es 7p4 #aih74 ,9 _m *ur*es a second n>!x 0 add$ 7p4 #aff7 to ! fir/1 sometimes project+ an additional bay at ea* end1 & communicat+ ) halls or *apels on ! nor? or s\?1 or on bo? sides ( ! *ur* 7p4 #abh74 ,s4 ,m>k's at ,v5ice pres5ts a f9e example ( su* an ext5sion ( ! n>!x4 ,:5 a *ur* c\ld n be suffici5tly enl>g$ by additional n>!xes1 a second *ur* 0 built alongside ! fir/1 & bo? *ur*es 7 jo9$ by a n>!x :i* ext5d$ along ! front ( ! two build+s4 ,s4 ,m>y ,pana*rantos 7p4 #abh7 is a good example ( h[ a *ur* c\ld be ?us enl>g$ f a simple squ>e build+ into a maze ( passages & domes4 ,! ,int]ior4--,! natural division1 9 height1 ( an e>ly *ur*1 :e!r basilican or domical1 0 into ?ree /ories--! gr\nd level1 ! gall]y level1 & ! cle>/ory or vault level4 ,9 ! ,we/ ^! /ructural divisions 7 develop$ into ! triple composition ( nave-arcade1 tri=ium1 & cle>/ory4 ,9 ! ,ea/1 9 conjunction ) ! dome1 ^! divisions survive 9 _m examples ( ! lat] p]iod4 ,/ill1 ,byzant9e ar*itecture 0 m conc]n$ ) spaces ?an ) l9es4 ,l>ge surfaces = m>ble1 pa9t+1 or mosaic 7 ( prime importance1 & ) ! disappe>ance ( ! gall]y ! /r+-c\rse m>k+ ! level ( ! gall]y also t5d$ to disappe>4 ,9 *ur*es ) gall]ies1 l ,s4 ,!odosia 7p4 #agj7 & ,s4 ,m>y ,diaconissa 7p4 #ahe71 ! /r+-c\rses fulfil _! function1 ! fir/ m>k+ ! gall]y level1 ! second ! spr++ ( ! vault4 ,9 ,,ss4 ,pet] & ,m>k 7p4 #aic71 :i* has no gall]y1 !re is only "o /r+-c\rse1 correspond+ 9 level to ! orig9al gall]y /r+-c\rse2 accord+ly ! ma9 ar*es are highly /ilt$ above x4 ,! abs5ce ( ! second /r+-c\rse is a faulty developm5t1 = a /r+-c\rse at ! vault level w\ld be a functional memb]1 :]eas at ! gall]y level x is mean+less4 ,9 ! ,pana*rantos 7p4 #acj71 z well z 9 o!r *ur*es )\t a gall]y1 ! gall]y /r+-c\rse is omitt$ by a m logical developm5t1 & ! /r+-c\rse at ! spr++ ( ! vault is reta9$4 ,op5+s :i* d n cut into ! vault are !n frankly ar*$1 )\t impo/ m\ld+ ( any k9d4 ,simple vault$ halls1 n>!xes1 & passages h usually a /r+-c\rse at ! vault+ level1 brok5 r\nd %all[ pila/]s z at ! ,*ora1 ,s4 ,!odosia1 & ! ,myrelaion4 ,sometimes ! /r+-c\rses or ! pila/]s or bo? are omitt$1 & _! places are respectively tak5 by horizontal & v]tical b&s4 ,decorative pila/]s flu% ) ! wall are employ$ 9 ! m>ble incru/ation ( ,s4 ,sophia4 ,9 *ur*es ( ! 'f\r column' type ! full triple division is common b ) a *ange 9 purpose4 ,a gall]y 9 a *ur* ( ?is "* is n possible1 = ! pi]s betwe5 :i* ! gall]y 0 plac$ h dw9dl$ into s+le %afts4 ,h5ce ! fir/ /r+-c\rse ceases to m>k a gall]y level & becomes ! abacus level ( ! dome columns1 z 9 ! nor? & 9 ! s\? *ur*es ( ! ,pantokrator4 ,x is !n c>ri$ r\nd ! build+1 & =ms ! impo/ m\ld+ ( ! side ar*es 9 ! bema & ( ! ea/ w9d[4 ,sometimes1 h[ev]1 x does n ext5d r\nd ! bema & apse b is conf9$ to ! c5tral "p ( ! *ur*1 z 9 ! ,myrelaion1 ,s4 ,!odore1 & ! ,pantepoptes4 ,on ! o!r h&1 9 at lea/ "o case1 ! p>ecclesion ( ! ,pammak>i/os1 ! c5tral "p ( ! *apel is design$ 9 ! usual ?ree ti]s1 b ! apse & bema vaults spr+ f ! l[] or abacus /r+-c\rse1 leav+ a lunette 9 ! dome ar* above pi]c$ by a l>ge w9d[4 ,a correspond+ lunette at ! we/ end op5s into ! gynecaeum ( ! *apel4 ,9 ,s4 ,john 9 ,trullo ! two /r+-c\rses coalesce & ! ar*es connect+ ! columns ) ! walls cut into ! /ilt$ "p ( ! dome ar*es1 ) ! result t all ! /ructural ar*es & vaults spr+ f ! same level4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #g4 7,map ( ,,byzant9e ,,con/ant9ople7 ,ar*es4--,?\gh ! po9t$ ar* 0 kn[n & employ$ 9 ci/]ns1 z 9 ! ,ci/]n ( ! ,"o ,?\s& & ,"o ,columns1 ,b9-bir-d]ek1 ! circul> ar* is inv>iably f\nd 9 "w meant to be se54 ,! difficulty att5d+ ?is =m1 9 :i* ar*es ( unequal bread? d n rise to ! same height1 0 ov]come1 z 9 ! ,we/1 by /ilt+1 t is1 by rais+ ! small] ar*es on /raight 'legs' to ! requir$ height4 ,! /ilt$ ar*1 inde$1 seems to h be5 admir$ = its own sake1 z we f9d x us$ almo/ univ]sally bo? 9 vault+ & 9 decorative ar*es ev5 :]e x 0 n /ructurally requir$4 ,9 w9d[s & 9 ! ar*es connect+ ! dome columns to ! wall /ilt+ is sometimes c>ri$ to extremes4 ,domes4--,! ea/]n dome ( ,s4 ,ir5e1 erect$ ab\t #gdj ,a4,d41 is g5]ally consid]$ to be ! fir/ example ( a dome built on a high drum1 ?\gh ,s4 ,sophia ( ,salonica1 an e>li] /ructure1 has a l[ imp]fect drum4 ,aft] ?is date ! *>act]i/ics ( ! ,byzant9e dome are ! high drum divid$ by ribs or holl[ segm5ts on ! int]ior1 polygonal on ! ext]ior1 & cr[n$ by a cornice :i* is ar*$ ov] ! w9d[s4#bf ,drumless domes are sometimes f\nd 9 ! lat] *ur*es1 z 9 ! n>!xes ( ! ,pana*rantos & ,s4 ,&rew1 ! angle domes ( ,s4 ,!odosia1 & 9 ,bogdan ,s]ai4 ,^! are ribless hemisph]ical domes ( ! type %[n 9 ,fig4 #h1 & are 9 all cases )\t w9d[s4 ,! e>li] sy/em ( pi]c+ w9d[s ?r\gh ! dome does n occur 9 ! lat] *ur*es1 ?\gh *>act]i/ic ( ,turki% "w4 ,! ?ree diagrams 7,figs4 #h1 #i1 & #aj7 illu/rate ! developm5t ( ! dome3 fir/ly1 ! l[ sauc] dome or dome-vault 9 :i* dome & p5d5tives are "p ( ! same sph]ical surface2 secondly1 ! hemisph]ical dome on p5d5tives2 & ?irdly1 ! hemisph]ical dome ) a drum int]pos$ betwe5 x & ! p5d5tives4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #h4--,,! ,,sauc] ,,dome ,,or ,,dome-,,vault4 ,flat ext]nal cornices on ! dome are n uncommon 9 ! lat] *ur*es ( ,byzant9e ,greece1 z 9 ,s4 ,sophia at ,monemvasia4#bg ,9 ,con/ant9ople only "o dome ) a flat cornice c be reg>d$ z orig9al1 t ( ,s4 ,john 9 ,trullo1 a *ur* :i* is exceptional also 9 o!r respects4 ,! _m o!r domes 9 ! *ur*es ( ,con/ant9ople on high drums & ) flat cornices are ,turki% ei!r 9 :ole or 9 "p4 ,! high ribless domes ( ! ,pana*rantos1 = in/ance1 circul> 9 plan )9 & )\t1 ) squ>e-head$ w9d[s1 pla9 /one sill1 & flat cornice 9 m\ld$ pla/]1 may be reg>d$ z typical ,turki% drum-domes4 ,z w appe> 9 ! sequel1 ! dome ov] ! nor? *ur* ( ! ,pantokrator & ! domes ( ,,ss4 ,pet] & ,m>k1 ! ,diaconissa1 & ,s4 ,!odosia1 are also ,turki%4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #i4--,,! ,,dome ,,on ,,p5d5tives4 ,x is mo/ un=tunate t ! domes ( ^! ?ree dom$ cross *ur*es h be5 alt]$1 especially z ! domes ( ,s4 ,m>y ,diaconissa & ,s4 ,!odosia are l>g] ?an any ( ! lat] domes except ! l>ge oval dome on ! c5tral *ur* ( ! ,pantokrator :i* is almo/ ( ! same size4 ,x is !re=e n[ difficult to say :at 0 ! precise =m ( ! orig9al domes4 ,mo/ probably !y 7 polygonal drum-domes1 & _! collapse ow+ to _! size may well h l$ to ! small drum-domes ( lat] times4 ,?\gh n /rictly ,byzant9e ^! ,turki% domes are ( int]e/ z %[+ ! developm5t ( ,byzant9e =ms "u ,turki% rule1 & t rev]sion to ! e>li] drumless dome :i* is s m>k$ a feature ( ! imp]ial mosques ( ! city4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #aj4--,,! ,,drum ,,dome4 ,domes are ei!r eight1 twelve1 or sixte5 sid$1 & usually h a w9d[ 9 ea* side4 ,^! numb]s arise naturally f sett+ a w9d[ at ea* ( ! c>d9al po9ts & !n plac+ "o1 two1 or ?ree w9d[s betwe51 accord+ to ! size ( ! dome4 ,int]nally ! comp>tm5ts are sep>at$ by broad1 flat ribs1 or are concave & =m a s]ies ( ridges on ! dome :i* die out t[>ds ! cr[n4 ,9 sixte5-sid$ domes ( ! latt] type ! alt]nate sides sometimes correspond to ! pi]s outside1 s t ! dome :i* has sixte5 sides )9 %[s only eight sides )\t1 z 9 ! n>!x ( ,s4 ,!odore 7p4 #bdf74 ,! octagonal dome ( ! ,myrelaion 7p4 #aih7 seems to h _h only f\r w9d[s f ! beg9n+4 ,! ribs ( a ,byzant9e dome are n con/ructive 9 ! same way z are ! ribs ( a ,go?ic vault4 ,!y 7 built along ) ! re/ ( ! dome & ( ! same mat]ial1 & are 9 no way sep>ate f ! infill+1 ?\gh !y no d\bt /r5g!n$ ! %ell ( ! dome by _! =m#bh4 ,on ! outside a circul> %aft ) a v simple cap is (t5 plac$ at ! angles ( ! pi]s1 & f ^! %afts ! brick cornice spr+s 9 a s]ies ( ar*es ov] ! w9d[s4 ,sometimes ! angle is =m$ by a po9t betwe5 two half-%afts1 z 9 ! domes ( ! n>!x 9 ,s4 ,!odore 7p4 #bdf74 ,ext]nal ,treatm5t4--,9 ! old] *ur*es ! ext]ior seems to h be5 left 9 simple masses ( brickwork1 impressive only by _! size & proportion4 ,probably ev5 ?is effect 0 n consid]$ ( great importance4 ,9 lat] times a v beautiful sy/em ( decoration ) sl5d] %all[ ni*es 0 introduc$ & 0 appli$ 9 p>ticul> to ! ea/ end & to ! apses4 ,! f9e/ examples ( ?is sy/em on a l>ge scale are se5 at ! ,pantokrator 7p4 #bce7 & ,s4 ,!odosia 7p4 #agc74 ,c>efully consid]$ or elaborate ext]nal compositions are r>e1 & ! only examples 9 ,con/ant9ople are ! side *apel ( ! ,pammak>i/os 7p4 #aed7 & ! n>!x ( ,s4 ,!odore 7p4 #bdf74 ,ext]nal ,m>ble & ,mosaic4--,m>ble & mosaic1 we h reason to "k1 7 occasionally us$ on ! ext]ior ( *ur*es1#bi ?\gh no fragm5ts rema94 ,on ! s\? side ( ! ,pantepoptes 7p4 #baf7 ! /r+-c\rse does n correspond to ! l9e ( ! walls1 b projects 9 a mann] :i* %[s t m>ble mu/ h be5 employ$ to l9e ! l>ge w9d[s4 ,a simil> projection ( ! /r+-c\rse or cornice is n uncommon else:]e1 ?\gh n s evid5t z 9 ! ,pantepoptes1 & may h be5 made to receive a m>ble or mosaic l9+4 ,doors & ,w9d[s4--,x is a prim>y rule 9 ,byzant9e ar*itecture t all con/ructive op5+s are ar*$4 ,:atev] may be ! ev5tual =m ( a door or w9d[ ! op5+ is fir/ built 9 brick ) a semicircul> head1 & into ?is op5+ ! m>ble jambs & l9+ are fitt$ leav+ a semicircul> lunette above4 ,doors are squ>e-head$1 ) heavily m\ld$ ar*itraves & cornice1 & ! l9tel is mitr$ into ! jambs in/ead ( hav+ ! m con/ructive horizontal jo9t us$ 9 ! ,we/4 ,! doors made ( wood or ( wood l9$ ) bronze1 sw+ on top & bottom pivots :i* turn$ 9 bronze-l9$ sockets 9 l9tel & ?re%old4 ,!y clos$ ) a rebate 9 ! jambs & aga9/ ! rais$ ?re%old4 ,w9d[s 7 sometimes fill$ 9 a simil> mann]1 z 9 ! palace ( ! ,porphyrog5itus & 9 ! nor? gall]y ( ,s4 ,savi\r 9 ! ,*ora 7,fig4 #ajj74 ,9 ! latt] d\ble w9d[s or %utt]s 7 employ$1 op5+ inw>ds 9 ! same way z did ! doors4 ,^! %utt]s may p]haps be reg>d$ z dome/ic1 = 9 ! *ur*es1 z is /ill se5 9 ,s4 ,sophia ?\gh ! arrangem5t has vani%$ else:]e1 ! entire ar*$ op5+ 0 usually fill$ 9 ) a pi]c$ m>ble grille4 ,9 addition to ! simple r\nd-head$ w9d[s d\ble & triple w9d[s are f\nd4 ,d\ble w9d[s 7 naturally =m$ by divid+ ! s+le ar* by a c5tral pi]4 ,?is me?od pres5t$ two v>ieties3 ei!r ! pi] 0 cont9u$ up to ! conta9+ ar*1 ?us giv+ two po9t$ lights1 or ! two lights 7 cov]$ by sep>ate ar*es )9 ! ma9 ar*4 ,bo? me?ods are us$ 9 ! n>!x ( ,s4 ,!odore 7p4 #bdg74 ,ano!r v>iety 0 produc$ by plac+ two s+le lights toge!r1 ) a %aft betwe5 !m in/ead ( ! c5tral pi]4 ,b z d\ble w9d[s are n v satisfactory1 triple w9d[s are m common4 ,9 ?is case bo? ! me?ods j describ$ ( =m+ ! w9d[s 7 adopt$4 ,a l>ge semicircul> op5+ divid$ by two pi]s w give an ar*$ light betwe5 two po9t$ lights1 or ?ree ar*$ lights1 z 9 ! n>!x ( ,s4 ,!odore4 ,9 ! =m] case1 if %afts are sub/itut$ = ! pi]s1 a little adju/m5t w produce ! beautiful =m f\nd 9 ! side-*apels ( ! ,pammak>i/os 7p4 #aeb71 & ( ,s4 ,savi\r 9 ! ,*ora 7p4 #caj71 :]e ! two side lights are cov]$ by half-ar*es ^: cr[ns abut on ! capitals ( ! %afts1 :ile betwe5 & above !m rises ! semicircul> head ( ! c5tral light4 ,! me?od ( gr\p+ ?ree ar*$ w9d[s ( ! same height is adopt$ 9 apse w9d[s1 ea* ( !m occupy+ "o side ( ! ext]ior4 ,z ! deep1 n>r[ mullions are set radiat+1 ! ar* is n>r[] inside ?an outside4 ,b ?is difficulty 0 ov]come1 p>tly by l[]+ ! inn] cr[ns1 s t ! ar* is conical1 p>tly by w9d+ ! surface4 ,9 ! ,pantokrator 7p4 #bch71 in/ead ( radiat+ to ! c5tre ( ! apse1 ! side & mullions are plac$ p>allel to ! axis ( ! *ur*1 ?us obviat+ all difficulty4 ,g5]ally ! c5tre to :i* ! mullions radiate is consid]ably beyond ! apse1 s t any necess>y little adju/m5t ( ! ar* c\ld easily be made4 ,triple w9d[s support$ on circul> columns are n infrequ5t 9 ! nor? & s\? cross arms4 ,sometimes ! c5tral light is l>g] ?an ! lat]al lights1 at o!r times1 z 9 ! ,pantepoptes1 ! ?ree lights are equal4 ,! l[] "p ( ^! w9d[s 0 probably fill$ 9 ) a brea/work ( c>v$ slabs1 z 9 ,s4 ,sophia1 :ile ! upp] "p 0 fill$ by a pi]c$ grille4 ,at pres5t ! exi/+ examples ( ^! w9d[s h be5 built up to ! abaci ( ! capitals1 b 9 ! *ur* ( ,s4 ,m>y ,diaconissa 7p4 #ahf7 ! columns /ill %[ ! orig9al =m on ! inside4 ,vault+4--,all ,byzant9e *ur*es ( any importance are vault$ 9 brick4 ,! only exception to ?is rule 9 ,con/ant9ople is ! little *ur* kn[n z ,mona/ir ,mesj$i 7p4 #bfd74 ,! diff]5t sy/ems ( ,byzant9e vault+ h be5 s fully treat$ by ,*oisy & o!r au?orities1 t 9 ! abs5ce ( any l>ge am\nt ( new mat]ial x is n necess>y to give "h m ?an a few notes on ! application ( ^! sy/ems 9 ,con/ant9ople4 ,x %\ld always be kept 9 view t1 z ^! vaults 7 con/ruct$ ) ! lighte/ ( c5t]+1 ! surfaces & curves mu/ h be5 l>gely det]m9$ by ! mason z he built1 & w\ld n necess>ily foll[ any def9ite geometrical developm5t4 ,il s]ait illusoire1 rem>ks ,*oisy1 d'attribu] t\tes les v\tes byzant9es un trace gomtrique rig\reusem5t df9i4#cj ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,ii4 7#a7 ,,! ,,myrelaion 7,,s9ce ,,x ,,0 ,,burn$71 ,,f ,,! ,,nor?-,,we/4 7#b7 ,,! ,,myrelaion 7,,s9ce ,,x ,,0 ,,burn$71 ,,f ,,! ,,s\?-,,ea/4 7,by k9d p]mission ( ,h4 ,m4 ,dwight1 ,esq47 ,to face page #bj4 ,! vaults commonly f\nd are ! b>rel vault1 ! cross-gro9$ vault1 & ! dome-vault4 ,! fir/ is frequ5tly us$ ov] ! cross arms & ! bema1 & sometimes ov] ! n>!x 9 conjunction ) ! gro9$ vault 7,diaconissa74 ,x is ! simple/ me?od ( cov]+ an oblong space1 b x does n easily admit ( side w9d[s above ! spr++4 ,a v beautiful =m ( cross-gro9$ vault is f\nd 9 ,s4 ,sophia & 9 ,,ss4 ,s]gius & ,bac*us1 9 :i* ! cr[n is consid]ably dom$1 & ! gro9s1 accord+ly1 lose !mselves 9 ! vault+ surface4 ,?is =m is f\nd 9 ,greek *ur*es ( late date1 b does n occur 9 ! lat] *ur*es ( ,con/ant9ople4 ,a full description ( ! =m & con/ruction is giv5 by ,*oisy#ca & by ,le?aby & ,swa9son4#cb ,! cross-gro9$ vault z f\nd 9 ! ,myrelaion & _m o!r *ur*es ( ! city is level 9 ! cr[n1 ) cle>ly m>k$ gro9s4 ,x is sometimes us$ ) transv]se ar*es re/+ on pila/]s1 or )\t ^! adjuncts4 ,"o ( ! mo/ int]e/+ ( ! vault =ms is ! dome-vault1 a %all[ dome ) cont9u\s p5d5tives4 ,x is di/+ui%$ 9 appe>ance f ! gro9$ vault1 z f\nd 9 ,s4 ,sophia1 by ! abs5ce ( any gro9 l9e1 & is completely diff]5t 9 con/ruction4 ,! geometrical con/ruction is t ( ! p5d5tives ( all domes4 ,! f\r support+ ar*es int]sect a hemisph]ical surface ^: diamet] is equal to ! diagonal ( ! support+ squ>e4 ,! p5d5tives produce at ! cr[n l9e ( ! ar*es a circul> plan :i* is fill$ 9 by a sauc] dome ( ! same radius z ! p5d5tives1 con/ruct$ ( circul> brick r+s1 ! jo9ts ( :i* radiate to ! c5tre4 ,if ! space to be cov]$ is n squ>e ! broad] ar*es int]sect at a high] level1 :ile ! n>r[ ar*es are n /ilt$1 b kept d[n s z to receive ! dome surface1 & 9 ?is case ! n>r[ ar*es are n semicircul>1 b segm5tal4 ,:]e ! diff]5ce 9 size betwe5 ! two sides 0 n great1 ! difficulty pres5t$ 0 easily ov]come by ! ,byzant9e build]1 :o 9 ! lat] build+s1 at any rate1 r>ely built any?+ )9 f\r in*es ( its geometrical position4 ,:]e ! diff]5ce 0 too great x 0 frankly accept$1 & we f9d segm5tal ar*es at ! n>r[ ends4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #aa4 ,! vault+ ( ! out] n>!x ( ,s4 ,savi\r 9 ! ,*ora illu/rates ?is fully 7,fig4 #aa74 ,?\gh "s ( ! bays ( t n>!x are oblong & o!rs almo/ squ>e all are cov]$ ) dome vaults4 ,! almo/ squ>e bays1 al?\gh _! sides v>y consid]ably1 are cov]$ precisely z if _! sides 7 exactly equal4 ,b 9 two ( ! oblong bays1 :i* are ne>ly ?ree times z long z !y are broad1 su* a me?od c\ld n be appli$4 ,longitud9al ar*es 7,,aa7 7 accord+ly ?r[n betwe5 ! transv]se ar*es 7,,cc7 & made to re/ on _! sp&rils4 ,! oblong =m ( ! int]v5+ space 0 ?us v mu* r$uc$1 & ov] x flat domes are ?r[n4 ,_! r+s are true circles1 & z ! space !y cov] is /ill some:at oblong !y desc5d l[]1 ) additional segm5ts ( r+s 7,,bb71 at ! ends ?an at ! sides4 ,9 ! rema9+ two oblong bays ( ! n>!x1 ! result ( introduc+ ! longitud9al ar*es is to conv]t a decid$ly oblong space 9 "o direction into a slightly oblong space 9 ! opposite direction1 an additional pro(1 if any 7 ne$$1 t ! exact %ape ( plan ) ?is =m ( vault 0 a matt] ( comp>ative indiff]5ce to ! build]4 ,9 ,s4 ,sophia ! vault spr+s f ! intrados ( ! transv]se ar*es1 t is1 f ! l[] edge4 ,9 ,,ss4 ,s]gius & ,bac*us x spr+s f a po9t s slightly rais$ z to be h>dly noticeable4 ,9 ! lat] vaults1 h[ev]1 ! transv]se ar*es1 :5 pres5t1 are boldly %[n1 & ! vault spr+s f ! extrados or out] edge 7e4g4 ,s4 ,savi\r 9 ! ,*ora1 ,s4 ,!odore74 ,con/ruction4--,mo/ ( ! *ur*es ( ! city are cov]$ ) ?ick coats ( pla/] & :itewa%1 bo? )9 & )\t4 ,only 9 a few cases1 :]e ^! coat+s h fall5 away ?r\gh neglect1 or 9 "s remote corn] ( a build+ to :i* ^! coat+s 7 nev] appli$1 c ! con/ruction & ! lay+ ( ! brickwork be /udi$4 ,! two-/ori$ *apel1 kn[n z ,bogdan ,s]ai 7p4 #bhc71 is almo/ d5ud$ ( pla/]1 & is !re=e ( importance 9 ?is connection4 ,! bricks ( ! wall ar*es on :i* its dome re/s are laid consid]ably flatt] ?an ! true radiat+ l9e1 leav+ a triangul> piece to be fill$ 9 at ! cr[n4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ! bricks ( ! transv]se ar*es "u ! dome radiate to ! c5tre4 ,x has be5 suppos$ t ! me?od foll[$ 9 ! wall ar*es 0 employ$ 9 ord] to economise c5t]+1 s9ce bricks c\ld gradually be work$ out ov] ! space1 ea* c\rse simply /ick+ to ! "o bel[4 ,?is is und\bt$ly ! case 9 "s examples4 ,b "h c5t]+ c\ld n h be5 ( any s]vice 9 ! wall ar*es1 & ! transv]se ar*es are laid )\t flatt5+ ( ! c\rses1 ?\gh t arrangem5t might h be5 useful 9 _! case4 ,x is !re=e m probable t ! flatt5+ ( ! c\rses 9 ! wall ar*es is simply a piece ( c>eless workman%ip4 ,! p5d5tives1 l all p5d5tives t c\ld be exam9$1 7 =m$ ( horizontal c\rses corbell$ out to ! circle4 ,! dome1 bema1 & ! b>rel vault 9 ! l[] /ory 7p4 #bhe7 seem to be laid ) true radiat+ jo9ts4 ,! spr++ ( ! b>rel vault is =m$ ( f\r c\rses ( /one laid horizontally & cut to ! circle1 & above !m ! entire b>rel is ( brick4 ,! dome ar*es ( ! ,sanjakd> ,mesj$i 7p4 #bgj7 are =m$ ( ?ree di/9ct r+s1 n bond$ into "o ano!r4 ,!y radiate to ! true c5tre1 & ! p5d5tives are1 z usual1 9 horizontal c\rses4 ,! transv]se ar*es ( ! out] n>!x 9 ,s4 ,savi\r 9 ! ,*ora are also built ) true radiat+ c\rses4 ,! gynecaeum ( ! side-*apel ( ! ,pammak>i/os 7p4 #aec7 has nev] be5 pla/]$1 & consequ5tly ! lay+ ( ! brickwork c be se5 !re to advantage4 ,! little /air lead+ up to ! gall]y is cov]$ ) a slop+ b>rel vault built 9 segm5ts p]p5dicul> to ! slope ( ! /air & c\ld easily h be5 built )\t c5t]+4 ,! same rem>k applies to ! cross vault at ! head ( ! /air1 :i* is simil>ly con/ruct$ 9 'slices' p>allel to ea* side 7p4 #aed74 ,! ar*es ( ! gynecaeum itself1 ! vaults1 & ! two little domes1 seem to h true radiat+ jo9ts4 ,! ribs ( ! domes are =m$ 9 ! brickwork1 & are n /ructurally sep>ate4 ,9 ^! la/ examples1 & 9 all door & w9d[ op5+s1 9 :i* ! jo9ts inv>iably radiate f ! c5tre1 a c]ta9 am\nt ( c5t]+ 0 inevitable4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,iii4 7#a7 ,,! ,,myrelaion 7,,s9ce ,,x ,,0 ,,burnt74 ,,int]ior1 ,,look+ ,,ea/4 7,by k9d p]mission ( ,h4 ,m4 ,dwight1 ,esq47 7#b7 ,,suleiman ,,aga ,,mesj$i1 ,,beside ,s4 ,,savi\r ,,pantokrator4 ,to face page #bd4 ,on ! o!r h& a little passage 9 ,s4 ,savi\r 9 ! ,*ora betwe5 ! *ur* & ! p>ecclesion 7p4 #caa71 is cov]$ ) a b>rel vault evid5tly built )\t c5t]+4 ,! space is fir/ n>r[$ by two corbell$ c\rses ( /one &1 above !m1 by ?ree project+ c\rses ( brick4 ,f ?is spr+s ! vault1 built f ea* end 9 /rongly incl9$ segm5ts4 ,^! segm5ts meet 9 ! middle1 leav+ a diamond-%ap$ space fill$ 9 ) longitud9al c\rses4 ,l ! /airs 9 ! ,pammak>i/os1 ?is passage is v n>r[1 "s #he cm41 yet ! build]s ?\ght x necess>y to corbel out five c\rses be=e v5tur+ to ?r[ a vault )\t c5t]+4 ,ne> ! ,pantokrator is an octagonal build+1 n[ ,suleiman ,aga ,mesj$i b g5]ally reg>d$ z a ,byzant9e libr>y1 :i* has on ea* side a l>ge wall ar* /rongly elliptical 9 =m 7p4 #bgj74 ,two ar*es ( some:at simil> =m & app>5tly orig9al are f\nd 9 ! s\? end ( ! gynecaeum ( ! ,pantokrator 7p4 #bcg74 ,^! ar*es may h be5 built 9 ?is mann] to economise c5t]+4 ,/ill1 9 ! libr>y !y are wall ar*es easily con/ruct$ )\t c5t]+4 ,fail+ ! exam9ation ( a l>g] numb] ( build+s 9 ,con/ant9ople we c h>dly judge ( ! lat] me?ods ( vault & ar* con/ruction1 b "o po9t may be fur!r notic$4 ,! wall int]nally is (t5 set back slightly at ea* spr+ c\rse1 s t ) ! projection ( ! c\rse a consid]able l$ge or %elf is left4 ,on ?is l$ge c5t]+ c\ld easily be support$ & w\ld h requir$ no fur!r framework to ! gr\nd4 ,c5t]+ seems to h be5 us$ = dorm1 ar*es1 vaults1 & door & w9d[ op5+s4 ,x 0 n us$ 9 small vaults4 ,b x is difficult to imag9e any me?od ( con/ruct+ su* gro9$ vaults z ^? f\nd 9 ! n>!xes ( ! ,pantokrator )\t a v consid]able am\nt ( c5t]+4 ,ties4--,z a g5]al rule tie rods or beams 7 us$1 ei!r ( iron or wood4 ,9 ! latt] case !y 7 pa9t$ ) leaf or fret ornam5ts1 & 7 evid5tly consid]$ z natural features4 ,b l>ge vaults are (t5 f\nd )\t su* ties z 9 ! n>!x ( ! ,pantokrator4 ,_m *ur*es h ties to ! dome-ar*es1 & none to ! ma9 vault2 b x is difficult to lay d[n a fix$ rule4 ,! enorm\s am\nt ( mort> 9 ! walls mu/ h made !m yield to a c]ta9 degree :5 newly built1 & "s ( ! l>g] vaults w\ld h be5 ! bett] = rods4 ,abutm5ts4--,! sy/em ( abutm5ts 9 ! ,byzant9e *ur*es ( ! great p]iod has be5 c>efully /udi$ by ,m4 ,*oisy4#cc ,9 e>ly examples ! dome spr+s directly f ! p5d5tives on ! inside1 b is ?ick5$ ext]nally ov] ! haun*es1 produc+ a d\ble curve & an app>5t drum4 ,?is is se5 v cle>ly 9 ,,ss4 ,s]gius & ,bac*us4 ,9 ,s4 ,sophia ! num]\s w9d[s are cut ?r\gh ?is drum1 s t x resembles r a s]ies ( small abutm5ts4 ,! object 0 to support ! cr[n ( ! dome by add+ weight ov] ! haun*es4 ,9 bo? ^! *ur*es ! ?ru/ ( ! dome & its support+ ar*es is tak5 by ! two-/ori$ gall]ies1 :i* =m1 9 fact1 fly+ buttresses )9 ! build+s1 & are adapt$ to _! ar*itectural requirem5ts4 ,! squ>e plan & ! enorm\s size ( ! dome 9 ,s4 ,sophia dem&$ ! great buttresses on ! sides2 :ile 9 ,,ss4 ,s]gius & ,bac*us ! eight buttresses %[ only on ! outside ( ! dome & are n c>ri$ ov] ! aisles z !y are 9 ,s4 ,sophia4 ,bel[ ! ro( ! ar*es & pi]s ( ! gall]ies & aisles are arrang$ s z to c>ry ! ?ru/ to ! ext]nal walls1 & foll[+ ! tradition ( ,roman vault+ all buttress+ is int]nal4 ,9 ,s4 ,ir5e1 :]e ! true drum dome fir/ appe>s1 ! buttresses betwe5 ! w9d[s ( ! dome /ill rema91 ?\gh mu* r$uc$ 9 size4 ,a dome rais$ on a drum c evid5tly no long] ex]cise a ?ru/ aga9/ ! dome-ar*es2 its ?ru/ mu/ be tak5 by ! drum1 & only its weight c re/ on ! ar*es4 ,! weight ( ! drum & dome re/s on ! p5d5tives & dome-ar*es4 ,_! ?ru/ is neutraliz$ by ! use ( ties & by ! b>rel vaults ( ! cross arms1 & ^! 9 _! turn dep5d on ! ?ickness ( ! walls4 ,! l[] build+s atta*$ to ! *ur* 9 ! =m ( side-*apels & ! n>!x also help$ to /iff5 & buttress ! cross walls4 ,! sy/em is by no means p]fect 9 ^! late *ur*es4 ,x 0 app>5tly f\nd impossible to con/ruct drum domes ( any size1 except at ! extreme risk ( _! fall+ 91 & probably x is = ?is reason t _m ( ! l>g] domes 9 late *ur*es1 l ,,ss4 ,pet] & ,m>k1 ,s4 ,!odosia1 ! ,*ora1 h fall54 ,no sy/em ( *a9age appe>s to h be5 us$ = domes 9 ,con/ant9ople4 ,fly+ buttresses probably ( ! n9? c5tury are us$ at ! we/ end ( ,s4 ,sophia4 ,! d\ble-fly+ buttress to ! apse ( ! ,*ora does n bond ) ! build+ & is c]ta9ly n orig9al4 ,x may be set d[n z "p ( ! ,byzant9e re/oration ( ! *ur* 9 ! f\rte5? c5tury4 ,9 any case1 su* ext]nal fly+ abutm5ts are ali5 to ! _s ( ,byzant9e ar*itecture1 & may be reg>d$ z an importation f ! ,we/4 ,fly+ buttresses1 x may "h be not$1 are n uncommon 9 ! great mosques ( ! city4 ,!y are f\nd 9 ,sultan ,bayazid1 ,ru/em ,pa%a1 ,sultan ,selim1 ! ,suleimanieh1 & ! ,%ahzad4 ,b !y are g5]ally trifl+ 9 size1 & are r ornam5ts ?an s]i\s attempts to buttress ! dome4 ,walls4--,! walls ( ! e>li] *ur*es are built ( l>ge ?9 bricks laid ) mort> jo9ts at lea/ z ?ick z ! bricks1 & (t5 ( great] ?ickness4 ,/one is us$ only 9 special cases1 z 9 ! ma9 pi]s ( ,s4 ,sophia1 b monoli?ic m>ble columns are an important "p ( ! /ructure4 ,9 ! lat] *ur*es /one is us$ 9 c\rses ) ! bricks to give a b&$ effect1 & h]r+-bone1 diamond1 & radiat+ patt]ns are frequ5tly introduc$4 ,! palace ( ! ,porphyrog5itus1 ! p>ecclesion ( ! ,pammak>i/os1 & ,bogdan ,s]ai1 exhibit ?is /yle ( "w4 ,z illu/rations ( ! me?od adopt$ 9 ! con/ruction ( walls ! foll[+ measurem5ts may be giv51 ! sizes be+ 9 c5timetres3 ---------------------------------------- ----------------------- ,brick4 ,jo9t4 ---------------------------------------- ----------------------- ,p>ecclesion ( ! ,pammak>i/os 4#jh 4#jd #d c\rses brick1 #e jo9ts 4#df --- ,s4 ,john 9 ,trullo 4#jc 4#jg to 4#ji ,refectory ( ! ,mona/]y ( ,manuel 4#jd 4#jd to 4#jf #d c\rse /one1 #c jo9ts 4#gh --- #d c\rses brick1 #e jo9ts 4#cj --- 4#jcge 4#jeb ,bogdan ,s]ai 4#jce 4#jce 4#jd 4#jd #d c\rses /one1 #h jo9ts --- 4#ee to 4#fj #d c\rses brick1 #e jo9ts --- 4#dc to 4#dg ,sanjakd>1 brick 4#jde --- ---------------------------------------- ----------------------- ,build+ ,proc$ure4--,! fir/ /ep 9 ! erection ( a build+ 0 to obta9 ! necess>y m>ble columns ) _! capitals & bases4 ,^! seem to h be5 l>gely suppli$ ready made1 & ,con/ant9ople 0 a great c5tre = ! manufacture & export ( /ock ar*itectural features4 ,!n ! ma9 walls 7 built 9 brick1 ! columns 7 ins]t$ z requir$1 ! vaults 7 ?r[n1 & ! :ole build+ 0 left to settle d[n4 ,ow+ to ! enorm\s am\nt ( mort> us$ ?is settl+ mu/ h be5 v consid]able1 & expla9s :y h>dly a plumb wall exi/s 9 ,con/ant9ople1 & :y s _m vaults %[ a pron\nc$ s9k+ 9 at ! cr[n or h fall5 9 & h be5 rebuilt4 ,aft] ! walls _h set ! m>ble fac+s1 mosaic1 & col\r 7 appli$ & c\ld be easily adapt$ to ! irregul> l9es ( ! walls4 ,byzant9e ar*itecture made little use ( m\ld+s4 ,! great ext5sion ( flat & spaci\s decoration r5d]$ unnecess>y1 or ev5 objectionable1 any /rong l9e composition4 ,ext]nal cornices are 9 c\rs$ brick1 ! alt]nate c\rses be+ laid diagonally s z to =m ! *>act]i/ic d5til4 ,! ri*e/ =m is t f\nd 9 ! ,pammak>i/os1 ,s4 ,!odosia1 & ,s4 ,!kla1 :]e ! small d5til cornice is support$ on long tap]+ corbels1 a design sugge/$ by milit>y ma*icolations4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,iv4 7#a7 ,s4 ,,savi\r ,,9 ,,! ,,*ora4 ,,bracket ,,9 ,,! ,,inn] ,,n>!x4 7#b7 ,s4 ,,!odore4 ,,sculptur$ ,,m>ble ,,slab ,,built ,,into ,,! ,,m9>et ,,( ,,! ,,mosque4 7#c7 ,s4 ,,m>y ,,diaconissa4 ,,heads ,,( ,,w9d[s ,,9 ,,s\? ,,arm4 7#d7 ,s4 ,,m>y ,,diaconissa4 ,,sculptur$ ,,slab ,,on ,,! ,,we/ ,,wall4 ,to face page #bh4 ,! /one ogee1 cavetto1 or cavetto & bead cornice is common1 b seems 9 e case to be ,turki% "w & is v common 9 ,turki% build+s4 ,int]nal cornices & /r+-c\rses are 9 m>ble1 & are all ( ! same type1 a splay & fillet4 ,! splay$ face is decorat$ ) upright leaves or ) a guillo*e b&1 ei!r c>v$ 79 ! ,pantepoptes7 or pa9t$ 79 ! ,*ora71 ! c>v+ z 9 classic "w1 s]v+ only to emphasise ! col\r4 ,! splay is sometimes slightly holl[$1 sometimes1 z 9 ! ,*ora1 work$ to an ogee4 ,doors4--,doors (t5 h elaborately m\ld$ ar*itraves & cornice4 ,9 ,s4 ,john ( ! ,/udion 7p4 #fa71 ! olde/ example1 ! jamb-m\ld+ has a l>ge half-r\nd on ! face1 ) small ogees & fillets1 all on a some:at massive scale4 ,! doors ( ,s4 ,sophia are v simil>4 ,! lat] m\ld+s are light] b ! half-r\nd on ! face rema9s a prom95t feature4 ,x is n[ und]cut & r$uc$ 9 size1 & resembles ! ,go?ic m\ld+ kn[n z ! b[tell4 ,?is is comb9$ ) s]ies ( fillets1 small ogees1 & cavettos into jamb-m\lds ( consid]able ri*ness4 ,! cornices are (t5 simply splay$ or are =m$ ( a s]ies ( ogees1 fillets1 & cavettos4 ,! jamb-m\ld+s are cut p>tly on a squ>e & p>tly on a /eep splay$ l9e4 ,9 "s1 ! portion =m+ ! +o seems to h be5 reg>d$ z a sep>at$ piece ?\gh cut f ! solid4 ,if 9 ! doors ( ! ,pantokrator or ! ,pantepoptes ! l9e ( ! inn] jamb be cont9u$ ?r\gh ! rebate1 x w correspond on ! outside ) ! b[tell m\ld+1 z ?\gh ! inn] & out] ar*itrave _h be5 cut f "o squ>e-edg$ block1 plac+ ! b[tell at ! angle & add+ ! rebate4 ,?is =mation is n foll[$ 9 ,s4 ,john ( ! ,/udion4 ,c>v+4--,c>v+ is slight1 & is conf9$ to capitals1 /r+-c\rses1 & ! slabs :i* fill$ 9 ! l[] p>ts ( scre5s & w9d[s4 ,fragm5ts ( su* slabs are f\nd ev]y:]e4 ,!y are c>v$ ) geometrical int]lac+ & floral patt]ns1 (t5 encircl+ a cross or sacr$ monogram1 or ) simply a l>ge cross4 ,su* slabs may be se5 /ill 9 position 9 ,s4 ,sophia & 9 ! n>!x ( ,s4 ,!odore4 ,9 ! latt] !y are ( v]d antique1 & are f9ely c>v$ on bo? sides4 ,9 lat] times ! emb>go on figure sculpture 0 consid]ably relax$4 ,little figures are introduc$ 9 ! cornices ( ! eikon frames 9 ! ,diaconissa 7p4 #ahf71 & bo? 9 ! p>ecclesion & ! out] n>!x ( ! ,*ora are f\nd _m small bu/s ( angels1 sa9ts1 & w>riors c>v$ ) great delicacy4 ,! c>v+ 9 ! ,*ora is ! f9e/ "w ( ! k9d except+ t 9 ,s4 ,sophia4 ,capitals4--,! developm5t ( ! capital f ! ,roman =m1 :i* 0 suitable only = ! l9tel1 to ! impo/ capital %ap$ to receive an ar* has be5 well expla9$ by ,le?aby & ,swa9son4 ,accord+ to ^! au?ors ,byzant9e capitals exhibit sev5 types4 ,i4 ,! ,impo/ capital4--,x is f\nd 9 ,,ss4 ,s]gius & ,bac*us1 ! out] n>!x ( ! ,*ora1 ! inn] n>!x ( ,s4 ,&rew & else:]e4 ,a modification ( ?is type is us$ 9 w9d[s4 ,x 0 employ$ ?r\gh\t ! /yle b especially 9 e>ly times up to ! six? c5tury1 & aga9 9 ! twelf?1 ?irte5?1 & f\rte5? c5turies4 ,,ii4 ,! ,melon type4--,?is is se5 on ! columns ( ! l[] ord] 9 ,,ss4 ,s]gius & ,bac*us & on ! columns ( ! n>!x ( ,s4 ,!odore1 :]e !y h be5 tak5 f an old] build+4 ,! melon capital 0 probably n 9 use aft] ! six? c5tury4 ,,iii4 ,! ,b[l capital4--,?is type is us$ 9 ! great ord] ( ,s4 ,sophia at ,con/ant9ople4 ,x has be5 ?\ght peculi> to ?is *ur*1 b ! capitals f ,s4 ,/eph5 at ,triglia 9 ,bi?ynia resemble ^? ( ,s4 ,sophia closely4 ,only ! peculi> volutes ( ! ,s4 ,sophia capitals are abs5t4#cd ,,iv4 ,! ,byzant9e or ',pseudo-,ionic4'--,?is is f\nd 9 ! upp] ord] ( ,,ss4 ,s]gius & ,bac*us1 & 9 ! n>!x ( ,s4 ,&rew4 ,x is an e>ly type1 n us$ aft] ! six? c5tury1 & its occurr5ce 9 ,s4 ,&rew fav\rs ! e>ly date assign$ to t *ur*4 ,v4 ,! ,bird & ,basket4--,f\nd 9 ,con/ant9ople1 only 9 ,s4 ,sophia4 ,,vi4 ,! ,byzant9e ,cor9?ian4--,?is is ! commone/ =m ( capital 9 ! lat] *ur*es1 & mu/ h be5 9 cont9u\s use f ! e>lie/ date4 ,x occurs 9 ,s4 ,john ( ! ,/udion1 ! ,diaconissa1 ! ,*ora1 & 9 _m o!r *ur*es4 ,"h ! classic =m is accurately adh]$ to1 b1 z ! curv$ abacus 0 unsuitable to ! ar*1 a l>ge splay$ abacus or impo/ block is plac$ above ! capital4 ,x is a g5]al feature ( ! ,byzant9e capital t x projects at no po9t beyond ! impo/ l9e ( ! ar*1 ?us diff]+ bo? f ! classic & ! ,go?ic =ms4 ,,vii4 ,! ,w9dbl[n ,acan?us4--,?is is f\nd 9 ! *ur*es ( ,salonica & ,rav5na4 ,?ree examples are m5tion$ z se5 9 ,con/ant9ople1 two ne> ! ,diaconissa1 =m+ bases = ! po/s ( a wood5 por* to a h\se2 "o is ! ci/]n commonly kn[n z ! ci/]n ( ,pul*]ia4 ,w9d[ ,capitals4--,9 %aft$ w9d[ ( sev]al lights1 ! impo/ pi]s betwe5 ! ar*es are ( ! full ?ickness ( ! wall1 b are v n>r[ f side to side4 ,simil>ly ! %afts are almo/ slabs plac$ across ! wall1 & sometimes1 z 9 ! ,pammak>i/os1 are c>v$ on _! n>r[ faces4 ,! capitals are cubical1 ( slight projection at ! sides1 b spread+ widely at ! ends1 :ile ! bases closely resemble capitals turn$ upside d[n4 ,z ) columns1 ! jo9ts at base & neck+ are b$d$ 9 %eet lead4 ,floors4--,! floors are usually ( ?ick r$ brick tiles1 "s 4#ca cm4 squ>e1 or1 z 9 ,s4 ,!odore1 hexagonal1 4#cd cm4 across by #de cm4 f po9t to po9t4 ,m>ble floors 7 us$ :5 possible1 inlaid ) patt]ns1 or 9 slabs surr\nd$ by bord]s ( col\r$ m>bles1 z is /ill se5 9 a portion ( ! floor 9 ! ,pantokrator 7,fig4 #gf74 ,decoration4--,( ! *ur*es ( ,con/ant9ople only ,s4 ,sophia1 ,s4 ,m>y ,diaconissa1 ! ,s\? ,*ur* ( ! ,pantokrator1 & ! ,*ora1 reta9 any consid]able "p ( _! orig9al decoration4 ,! fir/ is beyond our pres5t scope1 b f ! g5]al tone & atmosph]e :i* /ill l+] !re we are able to appreciate ! effect ( ! same /yle ( decoration :]e x survives 9 less complete =m4 ,! accept$ me?od1 z may be obs]v$ 9 ! ,*ora & ! ,diaconissa1 0 to split m>ble slabs s z to =m patt]ns 9 ! ve9+1 & !n to place !m upright on ! wall4 ,x is probable t ! f9e/ slabs 7 fir/ plac$ 9 ! c5tre po9ts ( ! wall1 & t o!r slabs or bord]s 7 !n arrang$ r\nd !m4 ,! c5tre slabs 9 ! ,*ora are ( exceptional beauty4 ,! usual design consi/s ( a dado ( upright slabs surm\nt$ by panell+ to ! cornice level1 ! panels be+ outl9$ ) pla9 or c>v$ beads4 ,9 ! ,diaconissa ! not*$ d5til =m is us$ = ! beads2 9 ! ,*ora1 a 'bead & reel4' ,! ar*es h radiat+ v\ssoirs1 or1 9 ! ,diaconissa1 a zigzag embattl$ design1 f\nd also 9 ,s4 ,demetrius ( ,salonica1 ?\gh two hundr$ ye>s mu/ h sep>at$ ! build+s4 ,9 ! ,*ora ! ar* sp&rils & cornice are inlaid ) scroll & geometrical designs 9 black1 :ite1 & col\r$ m>bles4 ,! surfaces above ! cornice & ! int]ior ( ! domes gleam$ ) mosaic1 repres5t+1 z se5 9 ! ,*ora1 figures on a gold backgr\nd4 ,! mosaic cubes are small1 measur+ #e mm4 to #g mm41 & are closely set4 ,?is is ab\t ! same size z ! mosaic cubes 9 ,s4 ,sophia1 b small] ?an ^? at ,rav5na1 :i* measure ab\t #aj mm4 ,pa9t+4--,9 ! majority ( *ur*es ?is full decoration ) m>ble & mosaic mu/ h be5 r5d]$ impossible by ! exp5se1 & accord+ly we f9d examples l ! p>ecclesion at ! ,*ora decorat$ ) pa9t+1 foll[+ exactly ! tradition ( m>ble & mosaic4 ,?is pa9t+ is 9 temp]a on ! pla/]1 & is execut$ ) a free & bold t\*4 ,conclusion4--,byzant9e ar*itecture is ess5tially an art ( spaces4 ',ar*itectural' =ms1 z we are accu/om$ to ?9k ( !m1 are noticeably abs5t1 b z comp5sation1 col\r 0 an ess5tial & insep>able "p ( ! ar*itecture4 ,! build] provid$ great un9t]rupt$ spaces brok5 only by su* l9es & features z 7 /ructurally necess>y--capitals1 columns1 /r+-c\rses1 & ov] ^! spaces ! arti/ spread a glitt]+ robe ( m>ble or mosaic4 ,no s*ool has ev] express$ its /ructure m simply1 or giv5 full] scope to ! arti/1 :e!r ar*itect or pa9t]4 ,byzant9e ar*itecture is n only a s*ool ( con/ruction1 x is also a s*ool ( pa9t+4 ,mo/ ( ! *ur*es ( ,con/ant9ople h un=tunately lo/ ! latt] "p ( _! p]sonality4 ,!y are m]e gho/s1 _! skeletons wrapp$ 9 a %r\d ( :itewa%4 ,/ill ! ,greek arti/ reta9$ 8 skill to ! la/1 & ! decorative "w ( ,s4 ,savi\r 9 ! ,*ora w /& comp>ison ev5 ) ! simil> "w 9 ,s4 ,sophia4 ,9 ,byzant9e times ! greatness ( ,s4 ,sophia t5d$ to cru% competition4 ,no o!r ecclesia/ical build+ approa*$ ! ',great ,*ur*4' ,b /ructural ability 0 only lat5t1 & display$ its old p[] aga9 9 ! erection ( ! imp]ial mosques ( ! e>ly ,turki% ,sultans1 = !y too are monum5ts ( ,greek ar*itectural g5ius4 ,! orig9s ( ,byzant9e ar*itecture h be5 discuss$ at great l5g? by ,/rzyg[ski1 ,rivoira1 & _m o!r able writ]s4 ,mu* "w /ill rema9s to be done 9 ! inve/igation ( ! lat] ,roman & e>ly ,byzant9e "w2 nor does x seem probable t ! difficult que/ions ( ! ,ea/]n or ! ,we/]n orig9 ( ,byzant9e art w ev] be f9ally settl$4 ,! beg9n+s ( ,byzant9e ar*itecture h nev] be5 satisfactorily acc\nt$ =4 ,) ,s4 ,sophia x spr+s almo/ at once into full glory2 aft] ,s4 ,sophia comes ! long decl9e4 ,x may1 h[ev]1 be not$ t ! 'end+s' ( ,roman ar*itecture are simil>ly obscure4 ,su* build+s z ! ,colosseum1 9 :i* ! ord] is appli$ to an ar*$ build+1 are evid5tly transitional1 ! ,roman con/ruction & ! ,greek decoration1 ?\gh jo9$1 n be+ m]g$ into "o p]fect /yle4 ,ev5 9 ! ba?s & o!r great build+s ( ,imp]ial ,rome ! decoration is /ill ,greek 9 =m & n yet fully adapt$ to ! ar*$ con/ruction4 ,at ,spalatro1 9 su* p>ts z ! ,porta ,aurea1 a develop$ /yle seems to be on ! po9t ( em]g+1 b x is n too mu* to say t 9 no great ,roman build+ d we f9d a p]fect & homog5e\s /yle4 ,!re is no?+ 9 ei!r ! plann+ or ! con/ruction ( ,s4 ,sophia :i* _c be d]iv$ f ! build+s ( ! ,roman ,imp]ial p]iod1 ) ! exception ( ! p5d5tive1 a feature :i* _h to be evolv$ be=e ! dome c\ld be us$ ) fre$om on any build+ plan on a squ>e4 ,! great brick-concrete vault$ con/ruction is t ( ! ,roman ba?s1 & ) ?is is unit$ a sy/em ( decoration f\nd$ on ! classic models1 b %[+ no trace ( ! ,greek beam tradition :i* _h rul$ 9 ,rome4 ,s4 ,sophia !n may be reg>d$ z ! culm9at+ po9t ( "o great ,roman-,byzant9e s*ool1 ( :i* ! art ( classic ,rome %[s ! rise1 & ! lat] ,byzant9e art ! decl9e4 ,?is view is 9 accord ) hi/ory1 = ,con/ant9ople 0 ,new ,rome1 & "h1 if any:]e1 we %\ld expect to f9d pres]v$ ! traditions ( ,old ,rome4 ,! division ( ,we/]n ,m$iaeval ,ar*itecture into ! two s*ools ( ,romanesque & ,go?ic pres5ts a p>allel case4 ,x is n[ realis$ t no logical sep>ation c be made betwe5 ! two s-call$ /yles4 ,simil>ly we may cont9ue to speak ( ! ,classic ,roman /yle & ( ! ,byzant9e /yle1 al?\gh ! two really belong to "o great era 9 ! hi/ory ( art4 #aj ,ea/]n ,pale/9e ,memoirs1 p4 #agb4 ,a simil> dome is giv5 by ,*oisy1 ,l',art de btir *ez les ,byzant9s1 ,plate ,,xv4 #aa ,de ,vog1 ,syrie c5trale1 i4 p4 #de1 ,plate ,,vii4 #ab ,drm1 ,h&bu*1 ,"p ,,ii4 vol4 iii4 pp4 #aae1 #adi4 ,a re/or$ plan is giv5 9 ,le?aby's ,m$iaeval ,art1 p4 #dg4 #ac ,ori5t od] ,rom1 p4 #ai4 #ad ,kle9asi51 p4 #aeb4 #ae ,kle9asi51 p4 #aba et seq4 #af ,osk> ,wulf1 ,die ,koimesiskir*e 9 ,nikaea1 p4 #ga4 #ag ,h4 ,rott1 ,kle9asi5s*e ,d5kml]1 p4 #cbi4 #ah ,wulf1 op4 cit4 p4 #bc4 #ai ,= local v>iations 9 late *ur*es 9 ,greece1 see ,traquair's ',*ur*es ( ,we/]n ,mani1' ,annual ( ,briti% ,s*ool at ,a!ns1 xv4 #aijh4 #bj ,/rzyg[ski1 ',das ,ets*miadz9 ,evangeli>1' ,byzant4 ,d5kml]1 i41 #ahia4 #ba ,ravanica1 ,f4 ,kanitz1 ,s]bi5s byzantis*e ,monum5te1 ,wi51 #ahfb4 #bb ,pullan & ,texi]1 ,s4 ,elias4 #bc ,g4 ,lampakis1 ,les ,antiquits *rti5nes de la ,grce1 ,a!ns1 #aijb4 #bd ,s*ultz & ,b>nsley1 ,! ,mona/]y ( ,s4 ,luke at ,/iris1 p4 #ac1 fig4 #f4 #be ,see1 h[ev]1 ,nor? ,*ur* 9 ,s4 ,m>y1 ,pana*rantos1 p4 #abh4 #bf ,/rzyg[ski's views z to ! e>ly date ( ! drum-dome are n univ]sally accept$4 ,! examples he produces seem r octagons c>ri$ up f ! gr\nd to give a cle>/ory "u ! dome ?an true drums int]pos$ betwe5 ! dome & its p5d5tives4 #bg ,annual ,b4,s4,a4 xii4 #aije-f4 ,see also ,s*ultz & ,b>nsley1 ,mona/]y ( ,s4 ,luke at ,/iris4 #bh ,see p4 #aed4 #bi ,dome ( ! ,rock at ,j]usalem4 ,s4 ,m>y ,p]ibleptos2 see ,vida de ,gran ,tamorlan y it9]>io del ,ruy ,gonzalez de ,clavijo1 p4 #eb4 #cj ,l',art de btir *ez les ,byzant9s1 p4 #eg4 #ca ,ibid4 p4 #ii4 #cb ,sancta ,sophia1 p4 #bai4 #cc ,l',art de btir *ez les ,byzant9s1 p4 #ace4 #cd ,hasluck1 ',bi?ynica1' ,annual ,b4,s4,a4 ,,xiii4 #aijf-g4 ,,*apt] ,,ii ,,! ,,*ur* ,,( ,s4 ,,john ,,! ,,bapti/ ,,( ,,! ,,/udion1 ,,emir ,,ahor ,,jamissi ,! mosque ,emir ,ahor ,jamissi1 situat$ 9 ! qu>t] ( ,psama?ia1 ne> ! mod]n ,greek *ur* ( ,s4 ,con/ant9e1 & at %ort di/ance f ! ,gold5 ,gate 7,y$i ,k\l71 is ! old *ur* ( ,s4 ,john ! ,bapti/1 :i* 0 associat$ ) ! celebrat$ mona/]y ( ,/udius1 ,greek3 h mon t\ ,/\di\4 ,x may be rea*$ by tak+ ! tra9 f ,sirkiji ,iskelessi to ,psama?ia or ,y$i ,k\l4#ce ,9 fav\r ( ! id5tification ( ! build+1 !re is1 fir/1 ! au?ority ( tradition1#cf :i* 9 ! case ( a *ur* s fam\s may be confid5tly accept$ z decisive4 ,9 ! next place1 all indications ( ! "* & position ( ! ,/udion1 h[ev] vague1 po9t to ,emir ,ahor ,jamissi z ! repres5tative ( t *ur*4 ,= ! mosque pres5ts ! *>act]i/ic features :i* belong$ to ! ,/udion z a basilica ( ! fif? c5tury1 & /&s :]e t sanctu>y /ood1 9 ! di/rict at ! s\?-we/]n angle ( ! city1#cg & on ! left h& ( ! /reet lead+ f ,s4 ,m>y ,p]ibleptos 7,s\l\ ,mona/ir7 to ! ,gold5 ,gate4#ch ,fur!rmore1 z held true ( ! ,/udion1 ! mosque is 9 ! vic9ity ( ! ,gold5 ,gate1#ci & readily accessible f a gate & l&+ 7,n>li ,kap\7 on ! %ore ( ! ,sea ( ,m>mora4#dj ,accord+ to ! hi/orian ,!ophanes1#da ! *ur* 0 erect$ 9 ! ye> #dfc by ! patrician ,/udius1 aft] :om ! *ur* & ! mona/]y atta*$ to x 7 nam$4 ,he is describ$ z a ,roman ( noble bir? & l>ge means :o devot$ 8 weal? to ! s]vice ( ,god1#db & may safely be id5tifi$ ) ,/udius :o held ! consul%ip 9 #ded dur+ ! reign ( ,m>cian4#dc ,if we may tru/ ! ,anonymus1#dd ! *ur* erect$ by ,/udius replac$ a sanctu>y :i* /ood at "o "t1 l ! ,*ora1 outside ! city4 ,see+ ! t]ritory imm$iately beyond ! ,con/ant9ian =tifications 0 well peopl$ be=e its inclusion )9 ! city limits by ,!odosius ,,ii41 !re is no?+ improbable 9 ! exi/5ce ( su* extra-mural sanctu>ies1 & z mo/1 if n all1 ( !m w\ld be small build+s1 !y w\ld naturally require enl>gem5t or recon/ruction :5 br\ght )9 ! wid] b\nds ( ! capital4 ,accord+ to ,suidas1#de ! build+ 0 at fir/ a p>o*ial *ur*2 its atta*m5t to a mona/]y 0 an aft]-?\ght ( its f\nd]4 ,! mona/]y 0 l>ge & ri*ly end[$1 capable ( accommodat+ "o ?\s& monks4#df ,its fir/ inmates 7 tak5 f a frat]nity kn[n z ! ,akoimeti1 '! sleepless'2 s nam$ because 9 successive companies !y celebrat$ div9e s]vice 9 _! *apels day & night )\t ceas+1 l ! wor%ipp]s 9 ! c\rts ( heav54 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,v4 7#a7 ,s4 ,,john ,,( ,,! ,,/udion4 ,,ru9$ ,,int]ior1 ,,se5 ,,f ,,! ,,m9>et ,,( ,,! ,,mosque4 7#b7 ,s4 ,,john ,,( ,,! ,,/udion1 ,,f ,,! ,,we/4 ,to face page #cf4 ',ev5 ?us ( old ,our ance/ors1 )9 ! /ill doma9 ,( va/ ca!dral or conv5tual *ur* ,_! vigils kept3 :]e tap]s day & night ,on ! dim alt> burn$ cont9ually4 ,9 tok5 t ! ,h\se 0 ev] m ,wat*+ to ,god4 ,religi\s m5 7 !y2 ,nor w\ld _! reason1 tutor$ to aspire ,above ?is transitory _w1 all[ ,t !re %\ld pass a mom5t ( ! ye> ,:5 9 _! l& ! ,almighty's s]vice ceas$4' ,b ?is dev\t practice does n seem to h be5 long cont9u$ at ! ,/udion2 = we nev] he> ( x 9 any acc\nt ( ! discipl9e ( ! ,h\se4 ,! monks ( ! ,/udion %\ld !re=e n be id5tifi$ ) ! ,akoimeti :o took up su* a det]m9$ & indep5d5t attitude 9 ! !ological conflicts "u ,z5o1 ,basiliscus1 & ,ju/9ian ! ,great4#dg ,9 ! c\rse ( its hi/ory ! *ur* und]w5t notewor?y repairs on two occasions4 ,x 0 fir/ tak5 9 h& = t purpose1 soon aft] ! middle ( ! elev5? c5tury1#dh by ! ,emp]or ,isaac ,comn5us 7#ajeg-eh71 :o 0 int]e/$ 9 ! ,h\se because he & 8 bro!r _h receiv$ "p ( _! education 9 t 'illu/ri\s & glori\s s*ool ( virtue4'#di ,:at ! repairs !n made exactly involv$ is un=tunately n /at$4 ,b1 accord+ to ,scylitzes1 !y 7 s ext5sive t 'to tell 9 detail :at ! emp]or & empress did = ! embelli%m5t ( ! *ur* w\ld surpass ! lab\r ( ,h]cules4'#ej ,probably !y conc]n$ *iefly ! decoration ( ! edifice4 ,! next repairs on record 7 made ab\t ! ye> #abij1 9 ! reign ( ,&ronicus ,,ii41 by 8 un=tunate bro!r ,con/ant9e ,porphyrog5itus4 ,ow+ to ! neglect ( ! build+ dur+ ! ,lat9 occupation ! ro( _h fall5 91 ! cells ( ! monks _h disappe>$1 & %eep graz$ undi/urb$ on ! grass :i* cov]$ ! gr\nds4 ,con/ant9e1 ri*1 g5]\s1 fond ( popul>ity1 did all 9 8 p[] to re/ore ! =m] glory ( ! v5]at$ %r9e4 ,! new ro( 0 a rem>kable piece ( "w2 l>ge sums 7 sp5t ^u ! prop] accommodation ( ! monks1 & ! gr\nds 7 enclos$ )9 /rong walls4#ea ,l o!r mona/ic in/itutions1 ! ,/udion suff]$ greatly at ! h&s ( ! iconocla/ emp]ors4 ,"u ,con/ant9e ,copronymus1 inde$1 ! frat]nity 0 scatt]$ to ! w9ds & practically suppress$1 s t only twelve old memb]s ( ! ,h\se 7 able to take advantage ( ! p]mission to return to _! =m] home1 ^u ! fir/ re/oration ( eikons 9 #ghg by ! ,empress ,ir5e4 ,"u ^! circum/ances a company ( monks1 ) ! fam\s abbot ,!odore at _! head1 7 ev5tually br\ght f ! mona/]y ( ,saccudio to repeople ! ,/udion1 & ) _! adv5t 9 #gii ! great era 9 ! hi/ory ( ! ,h\se began1 ! numb] ( ! monks ris+ to sev5 hundr$1 if n "o ?\s&4#eb ,!odore _h already e/abli%$ a great reputation = sanctity & moral c\rage4 ,= :5 ,con/ant9e ,,vi4 repudiat$ ! ,empress ,m>ia & m>ri$ ,!odote1 "o ( h] maids ( hon\r1 ,!odore1 ?\gh ! new empress 0 8 relative1 d5\nc$ ! m>riage & ! prie/ :o _h celebrat$ x1 insi/+ t moral pr9ciples %\ld gov]n ! highe/ & l[e/ alike1 & = ?is action he _h gladly endur$ sc\rg+ & exile4 ,! ,/udion _h1 !re=e1 a ma/] :o fe>$ ! face ( no man1 & :o c\nt$ ! mo/ t]rible suff]+s z ! small du/ ( ! balance :5 weigh$ aga9/ righte\sness1 & "u him ! ,h\se became illu/ri\s = its resi/ance to ! tyranny ( ! civil p[] 9 matt]s affect+ fai? & morals4 ,:5 ! ,emp]or ,nicephorus ord]$ ! re/oration ( ! prie/ :o _h celebrat$ ! m>riage ( ,con/ant9e ,,vi4 ) ,!odote1 n only did ,!odore & 8 bro!r ,joseph1 bi%op ( ,!ssalonica1 & _! v5]able uncle ,plato1 endure imprisonm5t & exile1 b e monk 9 ! ,/udion defi$ ! emp]or4 ,summon+ ! frat]nity into 8 pres5ce1 ,nicephorus bade all :o w\ld obey 8 ord] g to ! "r1 & all :o d>$ to disobey him g to ! left4 ,n a s+le man w5t to ! "r4 ,"u ! v eyes ( ! despot all w5t to ! left1 & 9 8 wra? ,nicephorus broke up ! community & di/ribut$ ! monks among v>i\s mona/]ies4 ,^u ! accession ( ,mi*ael ,i4 ! exil$ monks & ,!odore 7 all[$ inde$ to return to ! ,/udion1 peace be+ re/or$ by ! degradation ( ! prie/ :o _h celebrat$ ! obnoxi\s m>riage4 ,b ano!r /orm d>k5$ ! sky1 :5 ,leo ,v41 ! ,arm5ian1 9 #hac1 r5ew$ ! w> aga9/ eikons4 ,!odore ?rew himself into ! /ruggle ) all ! =ce ( 8 be+ z _! def5d]4 ,he *all5g$ ! "r ( ! imp]ial p[] to int]f]e ) religi\s que/ions2 he refus$ to keep sil5ce on ! subject2 & on ,palm ,sunday1 9 #hae1 l$ a procession ( 8 monks c>ry+ eikons 9 _! h&s 9 triumph r\nd ! mona/]y gr\nds4 ,aga9 he 0 sc\rg$ & bani%$4 ,b he c\ld n be subdu$4 ,by means ( a l>ge & active correspond5ce he cont9u$ an incessant & p[]ful agitation aga9/ ! iconocla/s ( ! day4 ,nor w\ld he come to t]ms ) ,mi*ael ,,ii41 :o _h m>ri$ a nun1 & :o all[$ ! use ( eikons only outside ! capital4 ,s ,!odore retir$1 app>5tly a defeat$ man1 to ! mona/]y ( ,acritas#ec2 & !re1 'on ,sunday1 #aa ,novemb] #hbf1 & ab\t noon1 feel+ 8 /r5g? fail1 he bade !m light c&les & s+ ! #aai? psalm1 :i* seems to h be5 sung at fun]als4 ,at ! words3 ,i w nev] =get ,?y comm&m5ts1 = ) !m ,?\ ha/ quick5$ me1 he pass$ away4' ,he 0 buri$ on ! isl& ( ,pr9kipo1 b eighte5 ye>s lat]1 :5 eikons 7 f9ally re/or$ 9 ! wor%ip ( ! ,or?odox ,*ur*1 8 body 0 transf]r$ to ! ,/udion1 & laid ) great c]emony 9 ! pres5ce ( ! ,empress ,!odora beside ! graves ( 8 uncle ,plato & 8 bro!r ,joseph1 9 sign t aft] all he _h conqu]$4#ed ,t&em hic quiescit4 ,,note ,8 rema9s 7 int]r$ at ! ea/ end ( ! s\!rn aisle1 :]e 8 uncle ,plato & 8 bro!r ,joseph _h be5 buri$ be=e him1 & :]e ,naucratius & ,ni*olas1 8 successors z abbots ( ! ,/udion1 7 laid to re/ aft] him4 ,greek3 pros t dexi m]ei en t kat' anatolas t\ ,prodromik\ tem5\s p&ox kai hi] tn m>tyrn sk1 en?a d kai t\ hosi\ patros hmn ,!odr\ h paneukles kai panseba/os timia ?k ka?idrytai 7,vita ,s4 ,nicolai ,/uditae1 ,migne1 ,p4,g4 tome #aje74 ,!re1 9 fact1 dur+ ! rec5t ,russian exploration ( ! *ur*1 ?ree c(f9s 7 discov]$3 "o conta9+ a s+le body1 ano!r f\r bodies1 & ano!r ?ree bodies4 ,! grave _h evid5tly be5 di/urb$ at "s "t1 = "s ( ! bodies _h no head1 & all ! c(f9s lay "u ! same b$ ( mort>4 ,no m>ks 7 f\nd by :i* to id5tify ! p]sons ^: rema9s 7 ?us br\ght to view4 ,b !re c be no d\bt t five ( ! bodies belong$ to ! five p]sons m5tion$ above4 ,to :om ! ?ree o!r bodies belong$ is a matt] ( pure conjecture4 ,!y might be ! rema9s ( ?ree intimate fri5ds ( ,!odore1 viz4 ,a?anasius1 ,eu!mius1 ,timo!us1 or m probably ( ! abbots1 ,sophronius 7#hea-ee71 ,a*illes 7#heh-fc71 ,!odosius 7#hfc-fd74 ,cf4 ,it94 russes1 p4 #ajj4 ,x w\ld be a mi/ake1 h[ev]1 to ?9k ( ,!odore only z a controv]sali/ & defi] ( ! civil au?ority4 ,he 0 a deeply religi\s man1 a pa/or ( s\ls1 & he reviv$ ! religi\s & moral life ( m51 f> & wide1 n only 9 8 own day1 b long aft] 8 life on e>? _h clos$4 ,he made ! ,/udion ! c5tre ( a great spiritual influ5ce1 :i* nev] :olly lo/ ! impulse ( 8 p]sonality or ! l(t9ess ( 8 ideal4 ,! =ms ( m$ival piety h become antiquat$1 & !y 7 (t5 empty & va91 b we mu/ n be bl9d to ! fact t !y 7 frequ5tly fill$ ) a passion = holy liv+1 & gave scope = ! creation ( *>act]s :i*1 not)/&+ _! limitations1 produc$ great & good m54 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,vi4 7#a7 ,s4 ,,john ,,( ,,! ,,/udion4 ,,fa,,ade ,,( ,,! ,,n>!x4 7#b7 ,s4 ,,john ,,( ,,! ,,/udion4 ,,! ,,ru9$ ,,int]ior3 ,,we/ ,,end ,,( ,,! ,,nor? ,,side4 ,to face page #dj4 ,speak+ ( ,ea/]n monks & abbots1 especially dur+ ! eigh? & n9? c5turies1 ,mr4 ,f9lay1 ! hi/orian1 ju/ly rem>ks t '! mann]s1 ! ext5sive *>ity1 & ! pure morality ( ^! abbots1 secur$ !m ! love & admiration ( ! p1 & t5d$ to dissem9ate a high] /&>d ( morality ?an _h previ\sly prevail$ 9 ,con/ant9ople4 ,?is fact mu/ n be ov]look$ 9 e/imat+ ! v>i\s causes :i* l$ to ! reg5]ation ( ! ,ea/]n ,empire "u ! iconocla/ emp]ors4 ,:ile ! ,pope w9k$ at ! disord]s 9 ! palace ( ,*>lemagne1 ! monks ( ! ,ea/ prep>$ ! public m9d = ! de?ronem5t ( ,con/ant9e ,,vi4 because he obta9$ an illegal divorce & =m$ a second m>riage4 ,! corruption ( monks & ! irregul>ities preval5t 9 ! mona/]ies ( ! ,we/ contra/ /rongly ) ! condition ( ! ,ea/]n monks4' ,c]ta9ly to no "o is ?is tribute ( praise due m ?an to ! bro!rhood 9 ! mona/]y ( ,/udius4 ,! monks ( ! ,/udion1 l mo/ ,greek monks1 liv$ "u ! rules prescrib$ by ,s4 ,basil = ! discipl9e ( m5 :o aspir$ to rea* '! angelic life4' ,!odore1 h[ev]1 quick5$ ! _s :i* f\nd expression 9 ^? rules1 & :ile inculcat+ asceticism 9 its extreme/ =m1 %[$ great] consid]ation = ! weakness ( human nature4 ,! p5alties he assign$ = transgressions 7 on ! :ole less ,draconian ?an ^? inflict$ be=e 8 "t4 ,accord+ to ! moral ideal *]i%$ 9 ! mona/]y1 ! true life ( man 0 to reg>d oneself b du/ & a%es1 &1 l ! angels1 to be ev] giv+ ,god ?anks4 ,if a monk rep9$ at su* a lot1 he 0 to ca/igate himself by eat+ only dry bread = a week & p]=m+ #ejj acts ( p5ance4 ,! prospect ( dea? 0 always to be held 9 view4 ,(t5 did ! corridors ( ! mona/]y res\nd ) ! cry1 ',we %all die1 we %all die6' ,! valley ( ! %ad[ ( dea? 0 consid]$ ! road to life et]nal4 ,a monk c\ld n call ev5 a ne$le 8 own4 ,nor 7 ! clo!s he wore 8 p]sonal prop]ty4 ,!y 7 f "t to "t ?r[n into a heap ) ! clo!s ( ! o!r memb]s ( ! ,h\se1 & e monk !n took f ! pile ! g>m5t mo/ conv5i5t to 8 h&4 ,female animals 7 =bidd5 ! mona/]y4 ,a monk 0 n all[$ to kiss 8 "m1 n ev5 at ,ea/]1 "u p5alty ( excommunication = fifty days4 ,daily he att5d$ sev5 s]vices1 & _h (t5 to keep vigil all night long4 ,!re 0 only "o set meal a day2 any?+ m 9 ! way ( food consi/$ ( ! fragm5ts :i* a monk laid aside f t meal4 ,no meat 0 eat5 unless by special p]mission = reasons ( heal?4 ,if a bro!r ate meat )\t p]mission he w5t )\t fi%1 eggs1 & *eese = =ty days4 ,! ord9>y food consi/$ ( vegetables cook$ 9 oil4 ,fi%1 *eese1 & eggs 7 luxuries4 ,two1 sometimes ?ree1 cups ( w9e 7 p]mitt$4 ,if a bro!r 0 s un=tunate z to break a di%1 he _h to /& be=e ! assembl$ monks at d9n] "t ) cov]$ head1 & hold ! brok5 article 9 view ( all 9 ! refectory4#ee ,x 0 =bidd5 to a monk to feel sad4 ,melan*oly 0 a s91 & 0 to be ov]come by pray]1 "o hundr$ & fifty g5uflexions1 & five hundr$ ,kyrie ,eleisons a day4 ,! monks 7 requir$ to read regul>ly 9 ! mona/]y libr>y4#ef ,! task ( copy+ manuscripts occupi$ a place ( hon\r1 & 0 "u /rict regulations4 ,fifty g5uflexions 7 ! p5alty prescrib$ = n keep+ "o's copy clean2 "o hundr$ & fifty su* acts ( p5ance = omitt+ an acc5t or m>k ( punctuation2 ?irty1 = los+ "o's temp] & break+ 8 p52 fa/+ on dry bread 0 ! fate ( ! copyi/ guilty ( leav+ out any "p ( ! orig9al1 & ?ree days' seclusion = d>+ to tru/ 8 memory in/ead ( foll[+ closely ! text be=e him4#eg ,ignatius ( ,smol5sk#eh f\nd ,russian monks 9 ! mona/]y employ$ 9 transcrib+ books = circulation 9 ,russia4 ,/eph5 ( ,novgorod#ei met two old fri5ds f 8 t[n busy copy+ ! ,scriptures4 ,a good mona/ic scriptorium r5d]$ an imm5se s]vice2 x did ! "w ( ! pr9t+-press4 ,yet1 not)/&+ all re/rictions1 m5 c\ld be happy at ! ,/udion4 ,"o ( its inmates = in/ance congratulates himself ?us on 8 lot !re1 ',no b>b>ian looks ^u my face2 no woman he>s my voice4 ,= a ?\s& ye>s no useless 7,greek3 apraktos7 man has ent]$ ! mona/]y ( ,/udius2 none ( ! female sex has trodd5 its c\rt4 ,i dwell 9 a cell t is l a palace2 a g>d51 an olivey>d1 & a v9ey>d surr\nd me4 ,be=e me are graceful & luxuriant cypress trees4 ,on "o h& is ! city ) its m>ket-place2 on ! o!r1 ! "m ( *ur*es & ! empire ( ! _w4'#fj ,hymnology 0 likewise cultivat$ at ! ,/udion1 _m hymns ( ! ,greek ,*ur* be+ compos$ by ,!odore & 8 bro!r ,joseph4 ,two abbots ( ! mona/]y became patri>*s3 ,antony 7#ige71fa & ,alexius 7#ajbe71fb ! latt] on ! occasion :5 he c>ri$ ! great relic ( ! ,/udion1 ! head ( ,john ! ,bapti/1 to ,basil ,,ii4 ly+ at ! po9t ( dea?4#fc ,at lea/ z e>ly z ! reign ( ,alexius ,i4 ,comn5us1 ! abbot ( ! ,/udion held ! fir/ place among 8 fell[-abbots 9 ! city4 ,8 prec$5ce is di/9ctly recognis$ 9 a ,patri>*al ,act ( #acha z a "r ( old /&+4#fd ,! _s ( indep5d5ce :i* *>act]iz$ ! mona/]y did n die ) ! abbot ,!odore4 ,! monks ( ! ,/udion 7 ! mo/ /ubborn oppon5ts ( ! fam\s ,photius :o _h be5 elevat$ to ! patri>*al ?rone directly f ! ranks ( ! laity1 & 9 ! c\rse ( ! conflict betwe5 him & ! monks dur+ ! fir/ t5ure ( 8 (fice = t5 ye>s1 ! abbots ( ! ,h\se 7 *ang$ five times4 ,inde$1 :5 ,photius appo9t$ ,santab>5us z ! abbot1 a man accus$ ( be+ a ,mani*aean1 & :o pr(ess$ to be able to communicate ) dep>t$ spirits1 _m ( ! monks1 if n all ( !m1 left _! home4 ,nor 0 ?is ! la/ ass]tion ( ! fre$om ( consci5ce = :i* ?is mona/]y 0 di/+ui%$1 & :i* makes x memorable 9 hi/ory4 ,l o!r mona/]ies ! ,/udion (t5 s]v$ z a place ( correction = (f5d]s :om x 0 exp$i5t to r5d] h>mless )\t rec\rse to ! extreme rig\r ( ! law4 ,santab>5us1 :o has j be5 m5tion$1 0 s5t 9 8 wild y\?1 aft] n>r[ly escap+ a s5t5ce ( dea? at ! h&s ( ! ,caes> ,b>das1 to ?is mona/]y 9 ! hope ( be+ re=m$ 9 ! or?odox atmosph]e ( ! ,h\se4 ,9 ! reign ( ,leo ,,vi4 7#hbf-iab71 an (ficial nam$ ,m\sikos 0 s5t hi!r to be cur$ ( ! prop5sity to accept bribes4#fe ,9 #iab1 ,gregoras & ,*oirosphacta 7 oblig$ to jo9 ! bro!rhood to rep5t at leisure = hav+ fav\r$ ! attempt ( ,con/ant9e ,ducas1 dome/ic ( ! ,s*olae1 to usurp ! ?rone ( ,con/ant9e ,,vii4 ,porphyrog5itus :5 sev5 ye>s ( age4#ff ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,vii4 7#a7 ,s4 ,,john ,,( ,,! ,,/udion4 ,,entablature ,,& ,,anta ,,capital ,,9 ,,! ,,n>!x4 7#b7 ,s4 ,,john ,,( ,,! ,,/udion4 ,,cornice ,,9 ,,! ,,n>!x1 ,,look+ ,,up4 ,to face page #dd4 ,sev]al emp]ors s\ght ! %elt] ( ! ,/udion z a refuge f dang]1 or z a retreat f ! vanity ( ! _w4 ,?i!r1 9 #ajda1 ,mi*ael ,v4 & 8 uncle ,con/ant9e fl$ f ! popul> fury excit$ by _! deposition ( ! ,empress ,zoe & ! slaught] ( ?ree ?\s& p]sons 9 ! def5ce ( ! palace4 ,! two fugitives made = ! mona/]y by boat1 & betook !mselves to ! *ur* = sanctu>y4 ,b z soon z ! place ( _! concealm5t became kn[n1 an angry cr[d =c$ a way into ! build+ to wreak v5geance ^u !m1 & creat$ a sc5e ( :i* ,psellus has left u a graphic acc\nt4 ,^u he>+ ! news ( :at 0 go+ on1 he & an (fic] ( ! imp]ial gu>d m\nt$ horse & gallop$ to ! ,/udion4 ,a fi]ce mob 0 madly attempt+ to pull d[n ! /ructure1 & x 0 ) ! utmo/ difficulty t ! two fri5ds manag$ to ent] ! *ur* & make _! way to ! alt>4 ,! build+ seem$ full ( wild animals1 gl>+ ) eyes on fire at _! victims1 & mak+ ! air res\nd ) ! mo/ t]rible cries4 ,mi*ael 0 on 8 knees clasp+ ! holy table2 ,con/ant9e /ood on ! "r2 bo? 7 dress$ l monks1 & _! features 7 s trans=m$ by t]ror z to be almo/ beyond recognition4 ,! spectacle ( greatness ?us br\ght l[ 0 s pa!tic t ,psellus bur/ into te>s & sobb$ al\d4 ,b ! cr[d only grew m fi]ce1 & drew ne>] & ne>] to ! fugitives z ?\gh to r5d !m 9 pieces4 ,only a sup]/iti\s dread re/ra9$ x f lay+ h&s ^u !m 9 a %r9e s sacr$ & v5]at$4 ,! upro> la/$ = h\rs1 ! mob cont5t mean:ile ) /rik+ t]ror & mak+ flight impossible4 ,at l5g?1 late 9 ! aft]noon1 ! prefect ( ! city appe>$ ^u ! sc5e1 accompani$ by soldi]s & foll[$ by l>ge cr[ds ( citiz5s4 ,he came ) in/ructions to br+ ,mi*ael & ,con/ant9e out ( ! *ur*4 ,9 va9 did he try ! effect ( mild words & promises ( a g5tle fate4 ,! fall5 emp]or & 8 uncle clung to ! alt> m desp]ately4 ,! prefect !n gave ord]s t ! two wret*$ m5 %\ld be dragg$ =? by ma9 =ce4 ,!y gripp$ ! alt> yet m tightly1 & 9 pite\s tones invok$ ! aid ( all ! eikons 9 ! build+4 ,! sc5e became s he>tr5d+ t mo/ ( ! spectators int]f]$ on behalf ( ! victims ( mis=tune1 & only by giv+ solemn assurance t !y w\ld n be put to dea? 0 ! prefect all[$ to proce$ to _! arre/4 ,mi*ael & ,con/ant9e 7 !n dragg$ by ! feet z f> z ! ,sigma1 above ,s4 ,m>y ,p]ibleptos 7,s\l\ ,mona/ir71 & aft] hav+ _! eyes burnt out 7 bani%$ to diff]5t mona/]ies1 to muse on ! vanity ( human greatness & rep5t ( _! misde$s4#fg ,! ,/udion appe>s 9 ! f9al rupture ( ! ,ea/]n & ,we/]n ,*ur*es4#fh ,! imm$iate occasion 0 a lett] s5t by ! ,ar*bi%op ( ,a*rida1 9 #ajec1 to ! ,bi%op ( ,trani1 condemn+ ! ,*ur* ( ,rome = ! use ( unleav5$ bread 9 ! adm9i/ration ( ! ,holy ,communion1 & = all[+ a fa/ on ,saturday4 ,nicetas ,/e!tos 7,pectoratus71 a memb] ( ! ,h\se r5[n$ = 8 asceticism1 & = 8 c\rage 9 reprov+ ! sc&al\s connection ( ,con/ant9e ,,ix4 ) ,skl]5a1 wrote a pamphlet1 9 ,lat91 9 :i*1 9 addition to ! *>ges aga9/ ,rome made by ! ,ar*bi%op ( ,a*rida1 ! en=c$ celibacy ( ! cl]gy 0 d5\nc$4 ,! pamphlet 0 widely circulat$ by ! ,patri>* ,k]ul>ios1 :o wi%$ to br+ ! dispute betwe5 ! ,*ur*es to an issue4 ,b ! emp]or n be+ prep>$ to g s f>1 invit$ ! ,pope to s5d ?ree legates to ,con/ant9ople to settle ! diff]5ces :i* di/urb$ ! ,*ri/ian _w4 ,c>d9al ,humb]t1 "o ( ! legates1 repli$ to ,nicetas 9 ! mo/ viol5t language ( !ological controv]sy1 & to br+ matt]s to a conclusion an assembly1 :i* 0 att5d$ by ! ,emp]or ,con/ant9e1 8 c\rt1 & ! ,papal legates1 met at ! ,/udion on ! #bd? ( ,june #ajed4 ,a ,greek translation ( ! pamphlet compos$ by ,nicetas 0 !n read1 & aft] ! discussion ( ! subject1 ,nicetas retract$ 8 *>ges & condemn$ all oppon5ts ( ! ,roman ,*ur*4 ,8 pamphlet 01 moreov]1 ?r[n into ! fire by ! emp]or's ord]s1 & on ! foll[+ day he call$ ^u ! ,papal legates1 :o 7 lodg$ at ! palace ( ! ,peg 7,bal\kli71 & 0 receiv$ into ! communion ( ! ,*ur* he _h lately d5\nc$4 ,b ! patri>* 0 n s fickle or pliant4 ,he w\ld n yield an iota1 & on ! #ae? ( ,july #ajed ,c>d9al ,humb]t laid on ! alt> ( ,s4 ,sophia ! bull ( excommunication aga9/ ,k]ul>ios & all 8 foll[]s1 :i* has kept ,we/]n & ,ea/]n ,*ri/5dom divid$ to ?is day4 ,:5 ,mi*ael ,,vii4 7#ajfg-gh7 saw t ! tide ( popul> feel+ _h turn$ aga9/ him 9 fav\r ( ,nicephorus ,botoniates1 he meekly retir$ to ?is ,h\se1 decl9+ to pur*ase a cr[n ) cruelty by call+ ^u ! ,v>angian gu>ds to def5d 8 ?rone ) _! battle-axes4 ,mi*ael 0 appo9t$ bi%op ( ,ephesus1 b aft] pay+ "o visit to 8 diocese he return$ to ,con/ant9ople & took up 8 abode 9 ! mona/]y ( ,manuel 7p4 #beg74fi ,to ! ,/udion1 :]e he _h /udi$ 9 8 y\? & :i* he _h embelli%$1 ! ,emp]or ,isaac ,comn5us retir$1 :5 pleurisy & ! injuries he receiv$ :ile bo>-hunt+ made him realize t he _h b a %ort "t to live4 ,9 fact1 he surviv$ 8 abdication = "o ye> only1 b dur+ t p]iod he prov$ a mo/ exempl>y monk1 %[+ ! greate/ def]5ce to 8 abbot1 & besides p]=m+ o!r l[ly duties act$ z keep] ( ! mona/]y gate4 ,h[ ?or\ghly he 0 reconcil$ to ! ex*ange ( a ?rone = a cell appe>s 9 ! rem>k made to 8 wife1 :o _h meantime tak5 ! veil at ! ,myrelaion1 ',ackn[l$ge t :5 ,i gave y ! cr[n ,i made y a slave1 & t :5 ,i took x away ,i set y free4' ,8 wid[ commemorat$ 8 dea? annually at ! ,/udion1 & on ! la/ occasion surpris$ ! abbot by mak+ a d\ble (f]+1 say+1 ',i may n live ano!r ye>1' a pres5tim5t :i* prov$ true4 ,accord+ to h] dy+ reque/1 ,aeca!r9a 0 buri$ 9 ! cemet]y ( ! ,/udion1 'z a simple nun1 )\t any sign to indicate t %e 0 born a ,bulg>ian pr9cess & _h be5 a ,roman empress4'#gj ,on ! occasion ( ! triumphal entry ( ,mi*ael ,palaeologus into ! city 9 #abfa1 ! emp]or foll[$ ! eikon ( ! ,!otokos ,hodegetria1 to :om ! recov]y ( ! ,empire 0 attribut$1 on foot z f> z ! ,/udion2 & !re1 hav+ plac$ ! eikon 9 ! *ur*1 he m\nt$ horse to proce$ to ,s4 ,sophia4#ga ,"o ( ! sons ( ,sultan ,bajazet 0 buri$ at ! ,/udion4#gb ,! pr9ce _h be5 s5t by ! ,sultan z a ho/age to ! ,byzant9e ,c\rt1 & be+ v "y att5d$ s*ool 9 ,con/ant9ople ) ,john1 ! son ( ! ,emp]or ,manuel4 ,!re he acquir$ a ta/e = ,greek lett]s1 & became a conv]t to ! ,*ri/ian fai?2 b = fe> ( ! ,sultan's displeasure he 0 long refus$ p]mission to be baptiz$4 ,only :5 ! "y man lay at ! po9t ( dea?1 9 #adag1 a victim to ! plague rag+ 9 ! city1 0 ! rite adm9i/]$1 8 s*oolmate & fri5d act+ z sponsor4 ,a tomb/one f ! cemet]y ( ! mona/]y is built into ! ,turki% wall at ! nor?-ea/]n corn] ( ! *ur*4 ,x be>s an epitaph to ! foll[+ effect3--',9 ! mon? ( ,septemb] ( ! ye> #achg1 fell asleep ! s]vant ( ,god1 ,dionysius ! ,russian1 on ! six? day ( ! mon?4' ,! patrician ,bonus1 :o def5d$ ! city aga9/ ! ,av>s 9 #fbg1 :ile ! ,emp]or ,h]aclius 0 abs5t deal+ ) ! ,p]sians1 0 buri$ at ! ,/udion4#gc ,on ! fe/ival ( ! ,decapitation ( ,s4 ,john ! ,bapti/1 ! emp]or att5d$ s]vice at ! ,/udion 9 great /ate4 ,e>ly 9 ! morn+ ! memb]s ( ! s5ate assembl$ !re=e at ! mona/]y1 :ile dignit>ies ( an inf]ior rank took _! place outside ! gate 7,n>li ,kap\7 9 ! city walls bel[ ! mona/]y1 & at ! pi] at ! foot ( ! /eep pa? t desc5ds f t gate to ! %ore ( ! ,sea ( ,m>mora1 all await+ ! arrival ( ! imp]ial b>ge f ! ,great ,palace4 ,bo? sides ( ! pa? 7 l9$ by monks ( ! ,h\se1 hold+ light$ tap]s1 & z soon z ! emp]or disemb>k$1 ! (ficials at ! pi] & ! cr[d ( monks1 ) ! abbot at _! head1 sw++ 8 silv] c5s] ( fragrant smoke1 l$ ! way up to ! gate4 ,!re a halt 0 made = ! magi/ri1 patricians1 & omphikialioi 7,greek3 omphikialioi7 to d homage to ! sov]eign & jo9 ! procession1 & !n ! long tra9 w5d$ its way ?r\gh ! op5 gr\nds atta*$ to ! mona/]y 7,greek3 dia t\ exa]\71 & ?r\gh cov]$ passages 7,greek3 dia tn ekeise diabatikn71#gd until x rea*$ ! s\?-ea/]n end ( ! n>!x 7,greek3 eis]*ontai dia t\ pros anatolikn dexi\ m]\s t\ n>?kos74 ,be=e ! entrance at t po9t1 ! emp]or put on ri*ly embroid]$ robes1 light$ tap]s1 & !n foll[$ ! cl]gy into ! *ur*1 to take 8 /& at ! ea/ end ( ! s\? aisle4 ,! mo/ important act he p]=m$ dur+ ! s]vice 0 to inc5se ! head ( ,john ! ,bapti/ en%r9$ on ! "r h& ( ! bema4 ,at ! conclusion ( ! ,(fice ( ! day1 he 0 s]v$ by ! monks ) refre%m5ts "u ! %ade ( ! trees 9 ! mona/]y gr\nds 7,greek3 anad5dradion72 &1 aft] a %ort re/1 proce$$ to 8 b>ge ) ! same c]emonial z att5d$ 8 arrival1 & return$ to ! palace4#ge ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,viii4 ,s4 ,,john ,,( ,,! ,,/udion1 ,,f ,,! ,,s\?-,,ea/4 ,to face page #dh4 ,! *ur* 0 conv]t$ into a mosque 9 ! reign ( ,bajazet ,,ii4 7#adha-aeab7 by ! ,sultan's equ]ry1 aft] :om x is n[ nam$4 ,ar*itectural ,features ,! *ur* ( ,s4 ,john ! ,bapti/ ( ! ,/udion is a basilica1 & is ( special int]e/ because ! only surviv+ example ( t type 9 ,con/ant9ople1 built :ile ! basilica 0 ! dom9ant =m ( ecclesia/ical ar*itecture 9 ! ,*ri/ian _w4 ,x has suff]$ sev]ely s9ce ! ,turki% conque/1 especially f ! fire :i*1 9 #aghb1 deva/at$ ! qu>t] 9 :i* x /&s1 & f ! fall ( its ro(1 a few w9t]s ago1 "u an unusual weight ( sn[4 ,/ill1 :at ( x rema9s & ! descriptions ( its e>li] /ate giv5 by ,gyllius1 ,g]la*1 & o!r visitors1 enable u to =m a fair idea ( its orig9al appe>ance4 ,! rec5t explorations conduct$ by ! ,russian ,in/itute at ,con/ant9ople h also add$ mu* to our k ( ! build+4 ,x is ! olde/ *ur* fabric 9 ! city1 & )9 its prec9cts we /& amid ! surr\nd+s ( e>ly ,*ri/ian congregations4 ,=1 p>tly 9 orig9al =ms1 p>tly 9 imitations1 we /ill f9d "h a basilica's *>act]i/ic features3 ! atrium1 or quadrangul> c\rt be=e ! *ur*2 on ?ree ( its sides surr\nd$ by cloi/]s2 9 its c5tre1 ! m>ble phial or f\nta91 = ! purification ( ! ga!r+ wor%ipp]s2 ! n>!x1 a pill>$ por* along ! we/]n faade1 :]e cate*um5s & p5it5ts1 unwor?y to ent] ! sanctu>y itself1 /ood af> (f2 ! int]ior area divid$ into nave & aisles by l9es ( columns2 ! semicircul> apse at ! ea/]n extremity ( ! nave = alt> & cl]gy2 & gall]ies on ! o!r sides ( ! build+ to provide ample accommodation = l>ge assemblies ( fai?ful p4 ,,note ,gyllius 7,de ,top4 ,con/ant4 l4 iv4 c4 #i7 describes ! *ur* z foll[s3 ',quod 7mona/]ium7 nunc non extat2 a$es extat1 translata 9 religionem ,mametanam2 9 cujus ve/ibulo sunt quatuor columnae cum trabeatione egregie elaborata2 9 int]iore p>te a$ium utr9que columnae sunt septem virides1 nigris maculis velut fragm5tis alt]ius g5]is lapidum ins]tis di/9ctae1 qu>um p]imet] e/ sex p$um et sex digitorum4 ,d5ique e>um ratio capitulorum1 epi/yliorum op]e ,cor9?io elaborata1 eadem e/ quae column>um ve/ibuli4 ,supra illas sex exi/unt totidem columnae 9 p>te a$is sup]iore4 ,9 area a$is ,/udianae e/ ci/]na1 cujus lat]itias cam]as su/95t vig9ti tres columnae excelsae ,cor9?iae4' ,g]la* 7,tagebu*1 p4 #bag2 cf4 pp4 #cei1 #djf7 describes x "u ! /yle ( ! *ur* ( ,s4 ,!odore1 = he conf\nds ! mona/]y ( ,/udius ) t ( ! ,p]ibleptos at ,s\l\ ,mona/ir3 ',das i/ e9e sehr hohe und weite ,kir*e 7wie die uns]n72 hat zwei ,reyh5 ,m>mel-/e9] ,sul5 mit ,cor9?is*5 ,knuf5 7capitellis71 auff e9] j$5 ,seit5 sieb52 auff d]5 j$5 wi$] e9 &]e ,sule /ehet4 ,d] ,bod5 i/ mit laut] buntem von ,vgeln und &]5 ,?i]5 gezi]t5 ,m>mel auff das s*n/e gepfl/]t4' 7,?is is a v l(ty & broad *ur* 7l our *ur*es74 ,x has two r[s ( m>ble columns ) ,cor9?ian capitals1 on ei!r side sev52 ov] ea* ( :i* /&s aga9 ano!r column4 ,! floor is pav$ 9 ! mo/ beautiful fa%ion entirely ) v>iegat$ m>ble1 adorn$ ) figures ( birds & o!r animals47 ,*oiseul ,g\ffi] 7,voyage pittoresque en ,grce1 ii4 p4 #dgg71 ,fr5* ambassador to ! ,sublime ,porte 7#aggi-ib71 speaks ( ! *ur* 9 ! foll[+ t]ms3 ',dans l'intrieur sont de *aque ct sept colonnes de v]t antique1 surmontes d'une frise de m>bre blanc p>faitem5t sculpte1 qui conti5t un ordre plus petit et trs bi5 proportionn avec le premi]4 ,je ne sais de quel m>bre sont ces secondes colonnes1 p>ce que les ,turcs qui dfigur5t t\t ont imag9 de les c\vrir de *aux4' ,ph4 ,bruun 7,con/ant9ople1 ses sanctuaires et ses reliques au comm5cem5t du ,x,ve sicle1 ,odessa1 #ahhc7 id5tifies ) ! ,/udion "o ( ! *ur*es d$icat$ to ,s4 ,john1 :i* ,ruy ,gonzalez de ,clavijo visit$ 9 ,con/ant9ople :5 on 8 way to ! ,c\rt ( ,tam]lane4 ,b t *ur* 0 'a r\nd *ur* )\t corn]s1' 'una quadra r$onda s9 esqu9as1' & _h =ty-eight columns ( v]d antique1 've9te quatro m>moles de jaspe v]de1 444 otros ve9te quatro m>moles de jaspe v]de4' ,:at *ur* ! ,spani% ambassador _h 9 view1 if 8 description is correct1 x is impossible to say4 ,no o!r writ] describes su* a *ur* 9 ,con/ant9ople4 ,see ! ,note at ! end ( ?is *apt] = ! full text ( ! ambassador's description4 ,! nor!rn wall ( ! atrium is orig9al1 z ! crosses 9 brick =m$ 9 its brickwork %[4 ,! trees :i* %ade ! c\rt1 ! ,turki% tomb/ones b5ea? !m1 & ! f\nta9 9 ! c5tre1 comb9e to =m a v beautiful approa* to ! *ur*1 & reproduce ! g5]al features & atmosph]e ( its e>li] days4 ,! n>!x is divid$ into ?ree bays1 sep>at$ by heavy ar*es4 ,x is cov]$ by a mod]n wood5 ro(1 b %[s no signs ( ev] hav+ be5 vault$4 ,! c5tre bay conta9s 9 its ext]nal wall a beautiful colonnade ( f\r m>ble columns1 dispos$1 to use a classical t]m1 '9 antis4' ,!y /& on comp>atively poor bases1 b _! ,cor9?ian capitals are exceptionally f9e1 %[+ ! ri*e/ ,byzant9e =m ( t type ( capital4 ,! little birds "u ! angles ( ! abaci %\ld n be ov]look$4 ,! entablature above ! columns1 ) its ar*itrave1 frieze1 & cornice1 foll[s ! classic =m v closely1 & is enri*$ 9 e memb]4 ,p>ticul>ly int]e/+ are ! birds1 ! crosses1 & o!r figures 9 ! spaces betwe5 ! modillions & ! heavy scroll ( ! frieze4 ,! drill has be5 v freely us$ ?r\gh\t1 & gives a pleasant sp>kle to ! "w4 ,9 ! second & f\r? int]columniations !re are doorways ) m\ld$ jambs1 l9tels1 & cornices1 b only ! upp] p>ts ( ^! doorways are n[ left op5 to s]ve z w9d[s4 ,! cornice ( ! entablature returns we/w>ds at its nor!rn & s\!rn ends1 indicat+ t a colonnade1 ) a small] cornice1 ran along ! nor!rn & s\!rn sides ( ! atrium1 if n also along its we/]n side4 ,! cloi/]s beh9d ! colonnades1 7 connect$ at _! we/ end ) ! n>!x by two l>ge & elaborately m\ld$ doorways /ill 9 position4 ,five doors lead f ! n>!x into ! *ur*2 ?ree op5+ into ! nave1 ! o!rs into ! aisles4 ,! int]ior ( ! *ur*1 n[ almo/ a total ru91 0 divid$ into nave & two aisles by colonnades ( sev5 columns ( v]d antique m>ble4 ,b only six ( ! orig9al columns h surviv$ ! injuries :i* ! build+ has su/a9$2 ! o!r columns are ,turki%1 & are con/ruct$ ( wood ) pa9t$ pla/] cov]+4 ,! colonnades support$ an entablature ( late ,cor9?ian type1 :i*1 z ! fall ( ! ,turki% pla/] t once cov]$ x has reveal$1 _h ! same m\ld+ z ! entablature 9 ! n>!x4 ,! ar*itrave 0 9 ?ree faces1 ) a small bead ornam5t to ! upp] two1 & f9i%$ above ) a small project+ m\ld+4 ,! frieze 0 an ogee1 belli$ 9 ! l[] "p4 ,( ! cornice only ! b$ m\ld1 c>v$ ) a leaf & tongue1 rema9s4 ,above ea* colonnade /ood ano!r range ( sev5#gf columns connect$1 probably1 by ar*es4 ,along ! nor!rn1 s\!rn1 & we/]n sides ( ! *ur* 7 gall]ies con/ruct$ ( wood4 ,^? to ! nor? & s\? /ill exi/ 9 a ru9$ condition1 & _m ( ! /one corbels :i* support$ ! beams rema9 9 ! walls4 ,only scanty ve/iges ( ! gall]y above ! n>!x c be n[ di/+ui%$4 ,its we/]n wall1 ! orig9al out] wall ( ! upp] "p ( ! *ur*1 has totally disappe>$4 ,its ea/]n arcade has be5 replac$ by ! ,turki% wall :i* con/itutes ! pres5t out] wall ( t "p ( ! *ur*4 ,b beyond ei!r end ( t wall are visible1 ?\gh built up1 ! old op5+s by :i* ! gall]y communicat$ ) its companion gall]ies2 :ile to ! we/ ( ! wall project ! ragg$ ends ( ! ,byzant9e walls :i* =m$ ! gall]y's nor!rn & s\!rn sides4 ,! nave rose probably to a great] height ?an x does n[1 & _h a ro( at a high] level ?an ! ro(+ ( ! aisles4 ,x d\btless resembl$ ! basilican *ur*es at ,salonica1 ei!r ) cle>/ory w9d[s1 z 9 ,s4 ,demetrius1 or )\t su* w9d[s1 z 9 ,eski ,juma ,jamissi4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,ix4 7#a7 ,s4 ,,john ,,( ,,! ,,/udion4 ,,ea/ ,,end4 ,e4 ,m4 ,antoniadi4 7#b7 ,s4 ,,john ,,( ,,! ,,/udion1 ,,nor? ,,side1 ,,ea/ ,,end4 ,to face page #eb4 ,! nave t]m9ates 9 a l>ge apse1 semicircul> )9 & %[+ ?ree sides on ! ext]ior4 ,only ! l[] "p is orig9al2 ! ,turki% sup]/ructure is l[] & on a small] scale ?an ! ,byzant9e portion x has replac$4 ,!re are no side *apels4 ,"u ! bema ! ,russian explor]s discov]$ a small cruci=m crypt4 ,! l>ge quantity ( mosaic cubes f\nd 9 ! *ur* dur+ ! rec5t ,russian excavations proves t ! *ur* 0 decorat$ ) mosaics1 :ile ! rema9s ( iron plugs 9 ! we/]n wall = hold+ m>ble slabs %[ t ! build+ _h ! cu/om>y m>ble revetm5t4 ,b :at is curi\s is to f9d ! mort> press$ ov] ! face ( ! /ones1 & broad decorative jo9ts =m$ by rul$ incis$ l9es & col\r4 ,mr4 ,w4 ,s4 ,george sugge/s t ?is 0 a tempor>y decoration execut$ p5d+ "s delay 9 ! cov]+ ( ! walls ) m>ble4 ,he also ?9ks t ! importance giv5 to ! jo9t 9 late ,byzant9e "w & 9 ,turki% "w may be a developm5t f su* e>ly treatm5t ( mort>4 ,! floor ( ! *ur* 0 pav$ ) pieces ( m>ble arrang$ 9 beautiful patt]ns1 9 :i* figures ( animals & sc5es f classic my?ology 7 inlaid4 ,g]la*#gg notic$ ! beauty ( ! pavem5t1 & ,salz5b]g#gh repres5ts a portion ( x 9 8 "w on ,s4 ,sophia4 ,b ! memb]s ( ! ,russian ,in/itute ( ,con/ant9ople h _h ! good =tune to br+ ! :ole pavem5t to light4 ,a noticeable feature is ! numb] ( doors to ! *ur*1 z 9 ,s4 ,ir5e4 ,besides ! five doors already m5tion$1 lead+ into ! int]ior f ! n>!x1 !re is a door at ! ea/]n end ( ea* aisle1 & close to ea* ( ^! doors is f\nd bo? 9 ! s\!rn & nor!rn walls ( ! build+ an additional door surm\nt$ by a w9d[4 ,! latt] doors & _! w9d[s h be5 wall$ up4 ,! ext]ior is 9 two /ories1 correspond+ to ! gr\nd floor & ! gall]ies4 ,x has two ranges ( eight l>ge semicircul>-head$ w9d[s 9 ! nor!rn & s\!rn walls1 "s ( !m modifi$1 o!rs built up1 s9ce ! build+ became a mosque4 ,! five w9d[s 9 ! gable ( ! we/]n wall are1 l ! wall itself1 ,turki%4 ,pila/]s are plac$ at ! angles & at ! apse4 ,on ! s\? side ( ! *ur* is a ci/]n1 ! ro( ( :i* re/s on tw5ty-?ree columns cr[n$ by beautiful ,cor9?ian capitals4 ,,note ,! full text ( ! description giv5 ( ! *ur* ( ,s4 ,john1 m5tion$ by ,ruy ,gonzalez de ,clavijo1 reads z foll[s3-- la prim]a p>te 7pu]ta87 de la ,iglesia es muy alta de obra rica1 delante de/a pu]ta e/ un gr& corral y luego al cu]po de la ,iglesia1 el qual cu]po es una quadra r$onda s9 esqu9as muy alta1 es c]rada al d]r$or de tres gr&es naves1 que son cubi]tas da un cielo ellas y la quadra4 ha en ella siete alt>es1 el cielo de/a quadra naves las p>$s es de obra de musayca muy ricam5te labrada1 en ello mu*as hi/orias1 la quadra e/ armada sobre ve9te quatro m>moles de jaspe v]de1 las di*as naves son sobradadas1 los sobrados dellas sal5 al cu]po de la ,iglesia1 alli avia otros ve9te quatro m>moles de jaspe v]de1 il cielo de la quadra las p>$es e de obra musayca1 los &amios de las naves sal5 sobre el cu]po de la ,iglesia1 alli d avia de av] v]jas avia m>moles pequ5os de jaspe4#gi ,) ! k9d help ( ,pr(essor ,cossio ( ,madrid1 ! ,spani% text may be r\ghly translat$ z foll[s3-- ,& ! fir/ "p 7door87 ( ! *ur* is v l(ty & ri*ly work$4 ,& be=e ?is door is a l>ge c\rt beside ! body ( ! *ur*2 & ! said body is a r\nd hall )\t corn]s 7or angles71 v l(ty1 & enclos$ r\nd ab\t by ?ree l>ge naves1 :i* are cov]$1 !y & ! hall1 by "o ro(4 ,& x 7! *ur*7 has 9 x sev5 alt>s2 & ! ro( ( ! hall & naves & ! walls are ( mosaic "w v ri*ly wr\ght1 9 :i* are 7depict$7 _m hi/ories4 ,& ! 7ro( ( !7 hall is plac$ on tw5ty-f\r m>ble columns ( gre5 jasp] 7v]d antique74 ,& ! said naves h gall]ies1 & ! gall]ies op5 on ! body ( ! *ur*1 & ^! h o!r tw5ty-f\r m>ble columns ( gre5 jasp]2 & ! ro( ( ! hall & ! walls are ( mosaic "w4 ,& ! elevat$ walks ( ! naves op5 ov] ! body ( ! *ur*1#hj & :]e a balu/rade %\ld be f\nd !re are small m>ble columns ( jasp]4 ,outside ! *ur*1 adds ! ambassador1 0 a beautiful *apel d$icat$ to ,s4 ,m>y1 rem>kable = its mosaics4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,x4 ,s4 ,,john ,,( ,,! ,,/udion4 ,,ci/]n4 ,to face page #ea4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ab4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ac4 ,illu/ration3 ,,figs4 #ad4 ,,& #ae4 ,illu/ration3 ,,figs4 #af ,,& #ag4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ah4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ai4 #ce ,! ,lat9 !sis ( ,eug5ius ,m>91 ,de ,/udio co5obio ,con/ant9opolitano1 ,p>is1 #ahig1 is a mo/ useful "w4 #cf ,gyllius1 ,de top4 ,c4,p4 p4 #cac4 #cg ,it9raires russes en ,ori5t1 p4 #cjf1 traduits p\r la ,socit de l',ori5t ,lat9 p> ,mdme4 ,b4 de ,khitrovo4 #ch ,ibid4 p4 #bca4 ,= all que/ions conc]n+ ! walls ( ! city ,i ref]1 once = all1 to my "w1 ,byzant9e ,con/ant9ople3 ! ,walls & adjo9+ ,hi/orical ,sites1 publi%$ 9 #ahhi by ,john ,murray1 ,london4 #ci ,pas*al ,*ronicle1 p4 #gbf4 #dj ,con/ant9e ,porphyrog5itus1 ,de c]emoniis1 pp4 #dfb-c4 #da ,p4 #age4 ,b accord+ to ,epigram #d 9 ! ,an?ologia ,graeca epigrammatum 7,/adt-,muell]1 #ahid7 ,/udius became consul aft] ! erection ( ! *ur* & z a rew>d = its erection4 ,"u ! head+ ,greek3 eis ton naon t\ ,prodrom\ en tois ,/\di\ x says ,greek3 t\ton ,iann1 ,*ri/\ megal !raponti1 ,/\dios aglaon oikon edeimato4 k>palims de tn kamn heureto mi/hon heln hypatida rhabdon4 ,9 ,suidas is a simil> epigram 9 hon\r ( ! erection by ,/udius ( ano!r *ur*2 ,greek3 t\ ar*i/ratg\ ,nakleias 9 ,phrygia4 #db ,!odori ,/uditae vita1 ,migne1 ,patrologia ,graeca1 tome #ii4 #dc ,pas*4 ,*ron4 p4 #eia4 #dd ,b&uri1 i4 p4 #ed4 ,9 ! rec5t excavations c>ri$ on 9 ! ,/udion by ! ,russian ,ar*aeological ,in/itute ( ,con/ant9ople1 ! f\ndations ( an e>li] build+ 7 discov]$ bel[ ! floor ( ! *ur*4 ,! l9e ( ! f\ndations ran ?r\gh ! *ur* f nor?-ea/ to s\?-we/1 p>allel to ! wall ( ! ci/]n to ! s\?-we/ ( ! *ur*4 ,p]haps x is too soon to det]m9e ! "* ( ! e>li] build+4 #de ,s4,v43 ,greek3 h tn ,/\ditn mon prot]on kai ka?oliks ekklsias n1 hy/]on de metl!n eis monn4 ,! read+ is d\btful4 ,a propos$ em5dation is1 ,greek3 tn ka?olikn ekklsia n4 #df ,cod9us1 ,de a$4 p4 #ajb4 #dg ,!ophanes1 pp4 #ahg1 #bah2 ,evagrius1 cc4 #ah1 #ai1 #ba4 ,9 ! li/ ( ! abbots :o subscrib$ "o ( ! docum5ts connect$ ) ! ,synod held at ,con/ant9ople 9 #ecf1 ! two e/abli%m5ts are cle>ly di/+ui%$4 ,!y are di/+ui%$ also by ,antony ( ,novgorod 9 #abjj1 ,it94 russes1 pp4 #ig1 #ajj4 #dh ,seylitzes1 p4 #fej4 #di ,nicephorus ,bry5nius1 p4 #aha4 #ej ,c$r5us1 ii4 p4 #fej4 #ea ,nicephorus ,gregoras1 i4 p4 #aij2 ,/eph5 ( ,novgorod1 :o saw ! *ur* 9 #acej1 ref]s to its 'v l(ty ro(1' ,it94 russes1 p4 #abc4 #eb ,!oph4 p4 #gdg2 ,life ( ,s4 ,!odore1 ,migne1 ,p4,g4 tome #ii4 #ec ,! mod]n ,t\zla at ! nor!rn head ( ! gulf ( ,nicom$ia4 ,see ! articles by ,mr4 ,sid]ides & ,mr4 ,meliop\los 9 ! ,proce$+s ( ! ,greek ,syllogos ( ,con/ant9ople1 vol4 xxxi41 #aijg-h4 #ed ,! ,engli% read] %\ld consult ! ,life ( ,!odore ( ,/udium1 by ,miss ,alice ,g>dn]1 = an excell5t pres5tation ( ! man & 8 "w4 #ee ,accord+ to ,/eph5 ( ,novgorod 7,it94 russes1 p4 #aba7 ! refectory 0 an unusually f9e hall1 situat$ ne> ! sea4 #ef ,at a %ort di/ance beyond ! nor?-ea/]n end ( ! *ur* are "s ru9$ vaults :i* ! ,turks h nam$ ,kietab ,han1 ! libr>y4 ,see ,plate ,,iii4 #eg ,= ! ,con/itution & ,epitamia ( ! ,/udion1 see ,migne1 ,p4,g4 tome #ii4 #eh ,it94 russes1 p4 #acf4 #ei ,ibid4 p4 #abb 'on envoyait beauc\p de livres de ce c\v5t en ,russie1 des rglem5ts1 des triodions et autres livres4' ,_m memb]s ( ! ,/udion 7 ,russians4 #fj ,m>91 ,de ,/udio1 p4 #aa4 ,see ,m>91 ,les ,mo9es de ,con/ant9ople1 = ! mona/ic in/itutions ( ! city 9 g5]al4 #fa ,c$r54 ii4 p4 #adg4 #fb ,ibid4 p4 #bab4 #fc ,ibid4 p4 #dgi4 #fd ,acta et diplomata patri>*atus ,con/ant9op4 t4 ii4 p4 #ab ,greek3 en tais hi]ais te kai synodikais syneleusesi2 prton m5 g> pantn ton ar*im&ritn tn ,/\di\ kai ho *ronos kate/se kai to dikaion auto4 #fe ,!oph4 ,cont4 p4 #cfb4 #ff ,ibid4 p4 #chd4 #fg ,glycas1 p4 #eib2 ,c$r5us1 ii4 p4 #eci2 ,psellus1 pp4 #hg-ic2 ,byzant9e ,texts1 edit$ by ,pr(4 ,bury2 cf4 ,s*lumb]g]1 pope byzant9e la f9 du dixime sicle1 p4 #cgb4 #fh ,see ,c$r5us1 ii4 p4 #eee2 ,w1 ,commemoratio brevis1 p4 #aej2 ,s*lumb]g]1 op4 cit4 *apitre viii4 #fi ,attaliotes1 pp4 #cjd1 #cjf2 ,glycas1 p4 #fag2 ,scylitzes1 pp4 #gch-ci4 #gj ,scylitzes1 pp4 #fdi-ea2 ,bry5nius1 p4 #bj4 #ga ,acropolita1 p4 #aig4 #gb ,ducas1 p4 #ii ,greek3 plsion t\ na\ entos ts pyls4 #gc ,pas*4 ,*ron4 pp4 #gbf-bg4 #gd ,mr4 ,pant*5ko ( ! ,russian ,in/itute at ,con/ant9ople has f\nd evid5ce t cloi/]s /ood along ! ea/ & s\? sides ( ! great ci/]n to ! s\?-we/ ( ! *ur*4 #ge ,con/ant4 ,porphyr4 ,de c]4 ii4 pp4 #efb-c4 #gf ,gyllius says six4 #gg ,see passage f 8 ,tagebu* quot$ on page #ej4 #gh ,alt*ri/li*e ,baud5kml] von ,kon/ant9opel1 ,blatt iv4 #gi ,vida del ,gran ,tamorlan y it9]>io1 pp4 #ee-ef 7,madrid1 #aghb74 #hj ,i4e4 ,f ! elevat$ floors ( ! gall]ies "o c\ld look ov] ! *ur*4 ,,*apt] ,,iii ,,! ,,*ur* ,,( ,,ss4 ,,s]gius ,,& ,,bac*us1 ,,kut*uk ,,aya ,,s(ia ,on ! level tract beside ! ,sea ( ,m>mora1 to ! s\? ( ! ,hippodrome1 & a few paces to ! nor?-we/ ( ,t*atlady ,kap\1 /&s ! anci5t *ur* ( ,,ss4 ,s]gius & ,bac*us4 ,x is commonly kn[n z ! mosque ,kut*uk ,aya ,s(ia1 ,little ,s4 ,sophia1 to d5ote at once its lik5ess & its unlik5ess to ! great *ur* ( t "n4 ,x c be rea*$ by ei!r ( ! two /reets desc5d+ f ! ,hippodrome to ! sea1 or by tak+ tra9 to ,k\m ,kap\1 & !n walk+ ea/w>ds = a %ort di/ance along ! railroad4 ,!re c be no d\bt 9 reg>d to its id5tity4 ,= ! inscription on ! entablature ( ! l[] colonnade 9 ! *ur* proclaims ! build+ to be a sanctu>y erect$ by ! ,emp]or ,ju/9ian & 8 ,empress ,!odora to ! hon\r ( ! m>tyr ,s]gius4 ,! build+ /&s1 moreov]1 z ,,ss4 ,s]gius & ,bac*us /ood1 close to ! site ( ! palace & ! h>b\r ( ,hormisdas4#ha ,:5 ,gyllius visit$ ! city ! ,greek community /ill spoke ( ! build+ z ! *ur* ( ,,ss4 ,s]gius & ,bac*us--',templum ,s]gii et ,bac*i adhuc sup]e/1 cujus nom5 duntaxat ,graeci etiam nunc ret95t4'#hb ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,xi4 ,,ss4 ,,s]gius ,,& ,,bac*us4 ,,int]ior1 ,,look+ ,,nor?-,,we/4 ,to face page #fb4 ,! f\ndations ( ! *ur* 7 laid 9 #ebg1 ! ye> ( ,ju/9ian's accession1#hc & its erection mu/ h be5 complet$ be=e #ecf1 s9ce x is m5tion$ 9 ! proce$+s ( ! ,synod held at ,con/ant9ople 9 t ye>4#hd ,accord+ to ! ,anonymus1 inde$1 ! *ur* & ! neighb\r+ *ur* ( ,,ss4 ,pet] & ,paul 7 f\nd$ aft] ! massacre 9 ! ,hippodrome :i* suppress$ ! ,nika ,riot4 ,b ! ,anonymus is n a reliable hi/orian4#he ,! *ur* did n /& alone4 ,beside x & unit$ ) x1 ,ju/9ian built also a *ur* d$icat$ to ! ,apo/les ,pet] & ,paul1#hf s t ! two build+s =m$ a d\ble sanctu>y1 hav+ a common c\rt & a cont9u\s n>!x4 ,!y 7 equal 9 size & 9 ! ri*ness ( ! mat]ials employ$ 9 _! con/ruction1 & toge!r =m$ "o ( ! *ief ornam5ts ( ! palace & ! city4 ,!re 01 h[ev]1 "o /rik+ diff]5ce betwe5 !m2 ,,ss4 ,s]gius & ,bac*us 0 a domical *ur*1 :ile ,,ss4 ,pet] & ,paul 0 a basilica4 ,/yles ( ecclesia/ical ar*itecture de/9$ soon to bl5d toge!r 9 ! gr&eur & beauty ( ,s4 ,sophia 7 "h se5 conv]g+ t[>ds ! po9t ( _! union1 l two /reams ab\t to m+le _! wat]s 9 a common tide4 ,a simil> comb9ation ( ^! /yles occurs at ,kalat-,semn 9 ! *ur* ( ,s4 ,symeon ,/ylites1 erect$ t[>ds ! end ( ! fif? c5tury1 :]e f\r basilicas =m+ ! arms ( a cross are built on f\r sides ( an octagonal c\rt4#hg ,! sa9ts to :om ! *ur* 0 d$icat$ 7 bro!r (fic]s 9 ! ,roman army1 :o suff]$ dea? 9 ! reign ( ,maximianus1#hh & ,ju/9ian's p>ticul> v5]ation = !m 0 due1 x is said1 to _! int]position 9 8 behalf at a critical mom5t 9 8 c>e]4 ,hav+ be5 implicat$1 along ) 8 uncle1 aft]w>ds ,ju/9 ,i41 9 a plot aga9/ ! ,emp]or ,ana/asius1 he lay "u s5t5ce ( dea? = high treason2 b on ! eve ( 8 execution1 a =midable figure1 z "s au?orities ma9ta91#hi or z o!rs affirm1 ! sa9ts ,s]gius & ,bac*us1 appe>$ to ! sov]eign 9 a vision & comm&$ him to sp>e ! conspirators4 ,?us ,ju/9ian liv$ to rea* ! ?rone1 & :5 ! full significance ( 8 pres]vation f dea? became cle> 9 ! lu/re ( ! imp]ial diadem1 he made 8 deliv]]s ! object ( 8 dev\t reg>d4 ,inde$1 9 8 devotion to !m he erect$ o!r sanctu>ies to _! hon\r also 9 o!r places ( ! ,empire4#ij ,/ill ?is *ur*1 f\nd$ e>ly 9 8 reign1 situat$ beside 8 resid5ce :ile heir-app>5t1 & at ! gates ( ! ,great ,palace1 & )al a gem ( art1 mu/ be consid]$ z ,ju/9ian's special ?ank(f]+ = 8 cr[n4 ,) ! *ur* ( ,,ss4 ,s]gius & ,bac*us 0 associat$ a l>ge mona/]y kn[n1 aft] ! locality 9 :i* x /ood1 z ! mona/]y ( ,hormisdas1 ,greek3 en tois ,hormisd\4 ,x 0 ri*ly end[$ by ,ju/9ian4#ia ,,note ,!re is "s obscurity 9 reg>d to ! *ur* ( ,,ss4 ,pet] & ,paul4 ,accord+ to ,!ophanes1#ib ! fir/ *ur* 9 ,con/ant9ople built 9 hon\r ( ^? apo/les 0 built at ! sugge/ion ( a ,roman s5ator ,fe/us1 :o on visit+ ! ea/]n capital1 9 #dii1 0 a/oni%$ to f9d no sanctu>y !re d$icat$ to sa9ts s em95t 9 ,*ri/ian hi/ory1 & s highly v5]at$ by ! ,*ur* ( ! ,we/4 ,z appe>s f a lett] address$ 9 #eai to ,pope ,hormisdas by ! papal repres5tative at ! c\rt ( ,con/ant9ople1 a *ur* ( t d$ication _h be5 rec5tly erect$ by ,ju/9ian :ile hold+ ! (fice ( ,comes ,dome/icorum "u 8 uncle ,ju/9 ,i4 ',y\r son1' says ! writ]1 '! magnific5t ,ju/9ian1 act+ z becomes 8 fai?1 has erect$ a basilica ( ! ,holy ,apo/les1 9 :i* he wi%es relics ( ! m>tyr ,s4 ,laur5tius %\ld be plac$4' ',filius ve/] magnificus vir ,ju/9ianus1 res conv5i5tes fidei suae faci5s1 basilicam sanctorum ,apo/olorum 9 qua desid]at ,sancti ,laur5tii m>tyris reliquias esse1 con/ituit4'#ic ,we h also a lett] to ! ,pope f ,ju/9ian himself1 9 :i* ! writ]1 9 ord] to glorify ! basilica :i* he _h built 9 hon\r ( ! apo/les 9 8 palace1 begs = "s l9ks ( ! *a9s :i* _h b\nd ! apo/les ,pet] & ,paul1 & = a portion ( ! gridiron ^u :i* ,s4 ,laur5tius 0 burnt to dea?4#id ,! reque/ 0 readily grant$ 9 ! same ye>4 ,! description ( ! basilica1 z situat$ 9 ! palace !n occupi$ by ,ju/9ian1 leaves no room = d\bt t ! sanctu>y to :i* ! lett]s j quot$ ref] 0 ! *ur* ( ,,ss4 ,pet] & ,paul :i* ,procopius describes z ne> 7,greek3 p>a7 ! palace ( ,hormisdas4 ,9 t case ! *ur* ( ,,ss4 ,pet] & ,paul 0 built be=e ! *ur* ( ,,ss4 ,s]gius & ,bac*us1 = ! inscription on ! entablature 9 ! latt] *ur*1 n to m5tion ,c$r5us1 di/9ctly assigns ! build+ to ! "t :5 ,ju/9ian & ,!odora occupi$ ! ?rone4 ,?is agrees ) ! fact t ,procopius#ie records ! f\ndation ( ,,ss4 ,pet] & ,paul be=e t ( ,,ss4 ,s]gius & ,bac*us1 & if ?is 7 all he did ! matt] w\ld be cle>4 ,b1 un=tunately1 ?is is n all ,procopius has done4 ,= aft] record+ ! erection ( ,,ss4 ,s]gius & ,bac*us1 he proce$s to say t ,ju/9ian subsequ5tly 7,greek3 epeita7 jo9$ ano!r 7,greek3 allo7 *ur*1#if a basilica1 to ! sanctu>y d$icat$ to ^? m>tyrs1 ?us leav+ ^u ! read]'s m9d ! impression t ! basilica 0 a lat] con/ruction4 ,to :om t basilica 0 consecrat$ ,procopius does n say4 ,0 t basilica ! *ur* ( ,,ss4 ,pet] & ,paul :i* ,procopius m5tion$ be=e record+ ! erection ( ,,ss4 ,s]gius & ,bac*us8 ,is he speak+ ( two or ( ?ree *ur*es8 ,! reply to ?is "q mu/ take into acc\nt two facts z beyond dispute3 fir/1 t ! *ur* ( ,,ss4 ,pet] & ,paul1 z ! lett]s cit$ above make cle>1 0 e>li] ?an ! *ur* ( ,,ss4 ,s]gius & ,bac*us2 secondly1 t ! basilica unit$ to ! latt] sanctu>y 0 d$icat$ to ! two great apo/les2 = sc5es :i*1 accord+ to "o au?ority1#ig occurr$ 9 ,s4 ,pet]'s took place1 accord+ to ano!r au?ority1#ih 9 ! *ur* ( ,,ss4 ,s]gius & ,bac*us4 ,9 ! face ( ^! facts1 ,procopius is ei!r mi/ak5 9 reg>d to ! relative age ( ! two sanctu>ies1 or he has n express$ 8 mean+ z cle>ly z he might h done4 ,to suppose t two sanctu>ies d$icat$ to ! great apo/les 7 built by ,ju/9ian )9 a %ort "t ( ea* o!r 9 ! same di/rict1 "o )9 ! palace1 ! o!r outside ! palace1 is a v improbable hypo!sis4 ,! "q on :i* side ( ,,ss4 ,s]gius & ,bac*us ! basilica ( ,,ss4 ,pet] & ,paul /ood1 seems decid$ by ! fact t !re is m room = a second build+ on ! nor? ?an on ! s\? ( ,kut*uk ,agia ,s(ia4 ,fur!rmore1 !re are traces ( op5+s 9 ! nor? wall ( ! *ur* :i* c\ld s]ve z means ( communication betwe5 ! two adjo9+ build+s4 ,eb]solt1 h[ev]1 places ,,ss4 ,pet] & ,paul on ! s\? side ( ,,ss4 ,s]gius & ,bac*us4#ii ,a rem>kable sc5e 0 witness$ 9 ! *ur* 9 ! c\rse ( ! controv]sy :i* rag$ ar\nd ! writ+s kn[n 9 ecclesia/ical hi/ory z ',! ,?ree ,*apt]s1' ! "w ( ?ree !ologians ta9t$1 x 0 alleg$1 ) ! h]etical op9ions ( ,ne/orius4 ,ju/9ian associat$ himself ) ! p>ty :i* condemn$ ^? writ+s1 & prevail$ ^u ! majority ( ! bi%ops 9 ! ,ea/ to subscribe ! imp]ial decree to t effect4 ,b ,vigilius1 ! ,pope ( ! day1 & ! bi%ops 9 ! ,we/1 diss5t$ f t judgm5t1 because ! au?ors ( ! writ+s 9 "q _h be5 acquitt$ f ! *>ge ( h]esy by ! ,c\ncil ( ,*alc$on4 ,to condemn !m aft] t acquittal 0 to c5sure ! ,c\ncil & reflect ^u its au?ority4 ,"u ^! circum/ances ,ju/9ian summon$ ,vigilius to ,con/ant9ople 9 ! hope ( w9n+ him ov] by ! bl&i%m5ts or ! t]rors ( ! c\rt ( ,new ,rome4 ,vigilius rea*$ ! city on ! #be? ( ,janu>y #edg1 & 0 deta9$ 9 ! ,ea/ = sev5 ye>s 9 connection ) ! settlem5t ( ! dispute4 ,he f\nd to 8 co/ t to decide an intricate !ological "q1 & above all to ass]t '! au?ority ( ,s4 ,pet] ve/$ 9 him' aga9/ an imp]i\s sov]eign & ! jeal\sy ( ,ea/]n ,*ri/5dom1 0 no slight und]tak+4 ,pope & ,emp]or soon came into viol5t collision1 & fe>+ ! consequ5ces ,vigilius s\ght sanctu>y 9 ! *ur* ( ,s4 ,pet]#ajj z he /yles x1 b :i* ,byzant9e writ]s#aja :o record ! sc5e "n ,s4 ,s]gius4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,xii4 7#a7 ,,ss4 ,,s]gius ,,& ,,bac*us4 ,,capital4 7#b7 ,s4 ,,john ,,( ,,! ,,/udion4 ,,capital ,,9 ,,! ,,n>!x4 ,to face page #ff4 ,ju/9ian 0 n ! man to /& ! affront4 ,he ord]$ ! praetor ( ! city to arre/ ! ,pope & conduct him to prison4 ,b :5 t (fic] appe>$1 ,vigilius grasp$ ! pill>s ( ! alt> & refus$ to surr5d]4 ,!reupon ! praetor ord]$ 8 m5 to drag ! ,pope out by ma9 =ce4 ,seiz+ ,vigilius by 8 feet1 hold+ him by 8 be>d & ! hair ( 8 head1 ! m5 pull$ ) all _! might1 b !y _h to deal ) a p[]ful man1 & he clung fa/ to ! alt> ) an iron grip4 ,9 ?is tug-(-w> ! alt> at l5g? came cra%+ to ! gr\nd1 ! ,pope's /rong h&s /ill hold+ x tight4 ,at ?is po9t1 h[ev]1 ! indignation & sympa?y ( ! spectators c\ld n be re/ra9$2 ! assailants ( ! pro/rate prelate 7 put to flight1 & he 0 left ma/] ( ! situation4 ,next day a deputation1 includ+ ,belis>ius & ,ju/91 ! heir-app>5t1 wait$ ^u ,vigilius1 & 9 ! emp]or's "n assur$ him t resi/ance to ! imp]ial w 0 useless1 :ile compliance ) x w\ld save him f fur!r ill-treatm5t4 ,yield+ to ! c\nsels ( prud5ce1 ! ,pope return$ to ! palace ( ,placidia1#ajb ! resid5ce assign$ to him dur+ 8 /ay 9 ! capital4 ,probably at ?is "t arose ! cu/om ( plac+ ! *ur*es ( ,,ss4 ,pet] & ,paul1 & ,,ss4 ,s]gius & ,bac*us at ! s]vice ( ! ,lat9 cl]gy 9 ,con/ant9ople1 especially :5 a repres5tative ( ! ,pope1 or ! ,pope himself1 visit$ ! city4 ,! fact t ! *ur* 0 d$icat$ to apo/les closely associat$ ) ,rome & held 9 highe/ hon\r !re1 w\ld make x a sanctu>y peculi>ly acceptable to cl]gy f ,we/]n ,europe4 ,?is1 h[ev]1 did n conf] ^u ,roman prie/s an exclusive "r to ! use ( ! build+1 & ! cu/om ( all[+ !m to (ficiate !re 0 (t5 m conspicu\s 9 ! brea* ?an 9 ! obs]vance4 ,/ill ! ,roman ,see always claim$ ! use ( ! *ur*1 = 9 ! lett] address$ 9 #hhj by ,pope ,julius ,,viii4 to ,basil ,i41 t emp]or is ?ank$ = p]mitt+ ,roman cl]gy to (ficiate aga9 9 ,,ss4 ,s]gius & ,bac*us accord+ to anci5t cu/om3 'mona/]ium ,sancti ,s]gii intra ve/ram regiam urbem con/itutum1 quod sancta ,romana ,ecclesia jure proprio quondam ret9uit1 div9a inspiratione repleti pro honore ,pr9cipis ,apo/olorum no/ro praesulatui r$didi/is4'#ajc ,! mo/ di/+ui%$ heg\m5os ( ! mona/]y 0 ,john ,hylilas1 bett] kn[n1 on acc\nt ( 8 le>n+1 z ! ,gramm>ian1 & nicknam$ ,lecanomantis1 ! ,bas9-,div9]1 because v]s$ 9 ! art ( div9ation by means ( a bas9 ( poli%$ brass4 ,he belong$ to a noble family ( ,arm5ian extraction1 & became prom95t dur+ ! reigns ( ,leo ,v41 ,mi*ael ,,ii41 & ,!ophilus z a det]m9$ iconocla/4 ,8 enemies /yl$ him ,jannes1 aft] "o ( ! magicians :o )/ood ,moses1 to d5ote 8 "* z a sorc]] & an oppon5t ( ! tru?4 ,hav+ occasion1 :5 conduct+ s]vice 9 ! imp]ial *apel to read ! lesson 9 :i* ! prophet ,isaiah taunts idolat]s ) ! "q1 ',to :om !n w ye lik5 ,god1 or to :at lik5ess w ye comp>e him8' ,john1 x is said1 turn$ to ,leo ,v41 & :isp]$ ! significant comm5t1 ',he>e/ ?\1 my "l1 ! words ( ! prophet8 ,!y give !e c\nsel4' ,he 0 a memb] ( ! ,commission *>g$ by t emp]or to collect passages f ! ,holy ,scriptures & ! ,fa!rs ( ! ,*ur* t condemn$ ! use ( images 9 wor%ip4 ,prom95t iconodules 7 int]n$ 9 ! mona/]y ( ,hormisdas 9 ! hope t he w\ld turn !m f ! error ( _! ways by 8 argum5ts & influ5ce4 ,he direct$ ! education ( ,!ophilus & support$ ! iconocla/ic policy pursu$ by t pupil :5 ^u ! ?rone4 ,!ophilus appo9t$ 8 tutor syncellus to ! ,patri>* ,antony1 employ$ him 9 diplomatic missions1#ajd & f9ally1 ^u ! dea? ( ,antony1 creat$ him patri>*4 ,! "n ( ,john c /ill be deciph]$ "u some:at curi\s circum/ances1 9 ! litany :i* is inscrib$ on ! bronze doors ( ! ,beautiful ,gate at ! s\? end ( ! inn] n>!x ( ,s4 ,sophia4 ,:5 ^? doors 7 set up 9 #hch1 ,!ophilus & 8 empress _h no son1 & accord+ly1 9 ! ?reefold pray] inscrib$ ^u ! doors1 ! "n ( ,john 0 associat$ ) ! names ( ! sov]eigns z a m>k ( gratitude & e/eem4 ,b 9 ! c\rse ( "t a little pr9ce1 to be kn[n 9 hi/ory z ,mi*ael ,,iii41 0 born & proclaim$ ! colleague ( 8 p>5ts4 ,x !n became necess>y to ins]t ! "n ( ! imp]ial infant 9 ! litany grav5 on ! ,beautiful ,gate ( ! ,great ,*ur*1 & to indicate ! date ( 8 accession4 ,to add ano!r "n to ! li/ ( names already !re 01 h[ev]1 impossible = lack ( room2 nor1 ev5 _h !re be5 room1 c\ld ! "n ( an emp]or foll[ t ( a subject1 ?\gh t subject 0 a patri>*4 ,! only way out ( ! difficulty1 !re=e1 0 to erase ,john's "n1 & to sub/itute ! "n ( ! little pr9ce ) ! date ( 8 com+ to ! ?rone2 ! less] light mu/ pale be=e ! great]4 ,?is 0 done1 b ! bronze prov$ too /ubborn to yield completely to ! wi%es ( c\rti]s1 & und]nea? ,mi*ael's "n has kept fa/ hold ( ! "n ,john to ?is day4 ,! orig9al date on ! gate also rema9s 9 spite ( ! attempt to oblit]ate x4 ,,ss4 ,s]gius & ,bac*us 0 "o ( ! sanctu>ies ( ! city to :i* ! emp]or paid an annual visit 9 /ate4#aje ,^u 8 arrival at ! *ur* he proce$$ to ! gall]y & light$ tap]s at an oratory :i* /ood 9 ! we/]n "p ( ! gall]y1 imm$iately above ! ,royal ,gates1 or pr9cipal entrance to ! *ur*4 ,he w5t next to ! *apel d$icat$ to ! ,!otokos1 also 9 ! gall]y1 & aft] att5d+ to 8 private devotions !re1 took 8 place 9 ! p>akypticon 7,greek3 en t p>akyptik t\ ?ysia/ri\71 at ! nor?-ea/]n or s\?-ea/]n end ( ! gall]y1 :5ce he c\ld ov]look ! bema & foll[ ! public s]vice at ! alt>4#ajf ,9 due c\rse ! ,communion elem5ts 7 br\ght & adm9i/]$ to him 9 ! *apel ( ! ,!otokos2 he !n retir$ to ! metatorion 7a portion ( ! gall]y scre5$ (f ) curta9s71 :ile ! memb]s ( 8 suite also p>took ( ! ,communion 9 t *apel4 ,at ! close ( ! s]vice he & 8 gue/s p>took ( "s light refre%m5ts1 biscuits & w9e1 9 a "p ( ! gall]y fitt$ up = t purpose1 & !reaft] return$ to ! palace4 ,ar*itectural ,features ,9 ! description ( ! ar*itectural features ( ! *ur* & = ! plans & mo/ ( ! illu/rations 9 ?is *apt] ,i am "u deep obligation to ,mr4 ,a4 ,e4 ,h5d]son1 ,f4,s4,a4 ,! in=mation ga9$ f him 9 my frequ5t visits to ! *ur* 9 8 company1 & f 8 ma/]ly article on ! *ur* :i* appe>$ 9 ! ,build] ( ,janu>y #aijf1 has be5 invaluable4 ,9 design ! *ur* is an octagonal build+ ro($ ) a dome & enclos$ by a rectangle1 ) a n>!x along ! we/ side4 ,?is 0 a fav\rite type ( ecclesia/ical ar*itecture1 & is se5 also 9 ano!r *ur* ( ! same p]iod1 ,san ,vitale ( ,rav5na1 9 :i* ,ju/9ian & ,!odora 7 int]e/$4 ,!re1 h[ev]1 ! octagonal int]ior is plac$ )9 an octagonal enclosure4 ,! adoption ( a rectangul> ext]ior 9 ! ,con/ant9opolitan sanctu>y is a *>act]i/ic ,byzant9e feature4#ajg ,s4 ,vitale 0 f\nd$ 9 #ebf1 a ye> be=e ,,ss4 ,s]gius & ,bac*us4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,xiii4 7#a7 ,,ss4 ,,s]gius ,,& ,,bac*us4 ,,f ,,! ,,s\?-,,ea/4 7#b7 ,,ss4 ,,s]gius ,,& ,,bac*us4 ,,9 ,,! ,,gall]y ,,ov] ,,! ,,n>!x4 ,to face page #gj4 ,z an exam9ation ( ! plan w %[1 ! ar*itect's design has n be5 foll[$ ) /rict accuracy1 & ! result is t bo? ! enclos+ squ>e & ! int]ior octagon are v irregul> figures4 ,fur!rmore1 ! two portions ( ! build+ h n ! same ori5tation1 s t ! octagon /&s askew )9 its rectangul> frame4 ,h[ ?is lack ( symmetry %\ld be expla9$1 :e!r due to slov5 "w or ! result ( ! ef=t to adapt ! *ur* to ! l9es ( ! e>li] *ur* ( ,,ss4 ,pet] & ,paul1 ) :i* x 0 unit$1 is difficult to decide4 ,! c\rt :i* /&s be=e ! ,turki% portico 9 front ( ! we/ side ( ! build+ repres5ts ! old atrium ( ! *ur*1 & to ! re> ( ! portico is /ill f\nd ! anci5t n>!x4 ,at ! s\? end ( ! n>!x is a /one /aircase lead+ to ! gall]y4 ,! ar* at ! foot ( ! /aircase is built ( fragm5ts f ! old ciborium or eikono/asis ( ! *ur*4 ,! great height 7#j4bd metre or #i in*es7 ( ! /eps is f\nd1 accord+ to ,mr4 ,antoniadi1 also 9 ,s4 ,sophia4 ,! ext]ior walls1 :i* are mo/ly 9 brick & rubble masonry1 exhibit poor workman%ip1 & h und]gone consid]able repair1 especially on ! ea/4 ,on ! s\? !re are two ?icknesses ( wall+4 ,! out] ?ickness has ar*$ recesses at int]vals along its l5g?1 correspond+ to op5+s 9 ! inn] ?ickness1 & ?us :ile buttress+ ! latt] also enl>ges slightly ! area ( ! *ur*4 ,! l5g? ( ! rectangul> enclosure f we/ to ea/ is #aja feet1 ) an av]age bread? ( #ggb-a_/b feet f nor? to s\?1 exclud+ ! recesses 9 ! latt] direction4 ,all ! w9d[s ( ! *ur* h be5 alt]$ by ,turki% h&s1 & are rectangul> in/ead ( %[+ semicircul> heads4 ,! passage int]v5+ betwe5 ! rectangul> enclosure & ! octagon is divid$ into two /ories1 ?us provid+ ! *ur* ) an ambulatory bel[ & a gall]y above4 ,! dom$ octagon :i* =ms ! core ( ! build+ /&s at a di/ance ( "s #ah-a_/b feet f ! rectangle )9 :i* x is plac$4 ,x measures #ec-a_/b feet by #ej-a_/b feet4 ,! eight pi]s at its angles rise to a height ( #cc-a_/b feet f ! floor to ! spr++ ( ! dome ar*es4 ,! ar*ways ?us =m$1 except ! bema ar*1 are fill$ 9 ) two pairs ( columns 9 two /ories set on ! out] plane ( ! pi]s4 ,! l[] colonnade is surm\nt$1 aft] ! classic fa%ion1 by a horizontal entablature pr(usely c>v$ :ile ! upp] columns are b\nd by ar*es1 ?us mak+ sev5 sides ( ! octagon a beautiful op5 scre5 ( f\rte5 columns & z _m triple arcades1 respl5d5t ) m>bles ( v>i\s hues & ri* ) c>v$ "w4 ,! mass ( ! pi]s is reliev$ by _! polygonal =m1 a flut$ cymatium along _! summit1 & a repeat+ design ( a fl[] betwe5 two broad leaves bel[ ! entablature4 ,?\gh ! fl[] po9ts upw>ds x has be5 mi/ak5 = a clu/] ( grapes4#ajh ,at ! f\r diagonal po9ts ! sides ( ! octagon are semicircul>1 =m+ exh$rae1 an arrangem5t :i* gives v>iety to ! l9es ( ! figure1 wid5s ! c5tral area1 secures m frontage = ! gall]y1 & helps to buttress ! dome4 ,! same feature appe>s 9 ,s4 ,sophia1 :]eas 9 ,san ,vitale all ! sides ( ! octagon1 except+ ! ea/]n side1 are semicircul>4 ,! ext5sion ( ! int]ior area ( a build+ 7squ>e or octagonal7 by means ( ni*es at ! angles or 9 ! sides1 or bo? at ! angles & 9 ! sides1 0 a common practice4#aji ,!re is consid]able diff]5ce 9 ! size ( ! pi]s & ! dome ar*es4 ,! ea/]n pi]s /& f>!r ap>t ?an _! companions1 & consequ5tly ! ar* ov] !m1 ! triumphal ar* ( ! sanctu>y1 is wid] & l(ti] ?an ! o!r ar*es4 ,! bays to ! nor?-ea/ & ! s\?-ea/ are also wid] ?an ! bays at ! opposite angles4 ,! apse is semicircul> )91 & %[s ?ree sides on ! ext]ior4 ,z 9 ,s4 ,sophia & ,s4 ,ir5e1 !re is no pro!sis or diaconicon4 ,! pairs ( columns1 bo? bel[ & above1 are alt]nately v]d antique & r$ ,synnada m>ble1 re/+ on bases ( ! blue-ve9$ :ite m>ble f ! isl& ( ,m>mora4 ,! capitals on ! l[] ord] are ( ! beautiful type kn[n z ! 'melon capital1' a =m f\nd also 9 ,san ,vitale at ,rav5na & 9 ! por* ( ,s4 ,!odore 9 ,con/ant9ople 7p4 #bdf74 ,! neck+s are work$ ) ! capitals1 & enri*$ by 'egg-&-d>t' po9t+ upw>ds4 ,9 ! c5tre ( ! capitals 0 c>v$ ! monogram ( ,ju/9ian or t ( ,!odora4 ,mo/ ( ! monograms h be5 effac$1 b ! "n ( ! empress /ill appe>s on ! capital ( ! we/]n column 9 ! s\? bay1 :ile t ( ,ju/9ian is f\nd on ! fir/ capital 9 ! s\?-we/]n bay2 on bo? capitals 9 ! nor?-we/]n bay1 accompani$ by ! title ,basileus2 &1 p>tially1 on ! la/ capital 9 ! nor?-ea/]n bay4 ,9 ! s(fit ( ! ar*itrave are sunk panels ( v>i\s patt]ns1 ! six-arm$ cross occurr+ twice4 ,! bead+s ( ! fasciae are enri*$ ) ! designs commonly kn[n z 'rope1' 'bead-&-reel1' 'egg-&-d>t1' & aga9 'bead-&-reel4' ,! frieze is 9 two heights4 ,! l[] portion is a semicircul> pulv9> adorn$ ) acan?us leaves1 deeply und]cut2 ! upp] portion is occupi$ by a long inscription 9 rais$ ornam5tal lett]s to ! hon\r ( ,ju/9ian1 ,!odora1 & ,s4 ,s]gius4 ,! cornice is decorat$ ) d5tils1 'bead-&-reel1' project+ consols1 'egg-&-d>t1' & leaves ( acan?us4 ,! inscription 7,fig4 #bj7 may be r5d]$ ?us3 ,o!r sov]eigns1 inde$1 h hon\r$ dead m5 ^: lab\r 0 useless4 ,b our sceptr$ ,ju/9ian1 fo/]+ piety1 hon\rs ) a spl5did abode ! s]vant ( ,*ri/1 ,creator ( all ?+s1 ,s]gius2 :om nor ! burn+ brea? ( fire1 nor ! sword1 nor o!r con/ra9ts ( trials di/urb$2 b :o endur$ = ! sake ( ,god ,*ri/ to be sla91 ga9+ by 8 blood heav5 z 8 home4 ,may he 9 all ?+s gu>d ! rule ( ! ev]-vigilant sov]eign1 & increase ! p[] ( ! ,god-cr[n$ ,!odora ^: m9d is bright ) piety1 ^: toil ev] is unsp>+ ef=ts to n\ri% ! de/itute4 ,! inscription is n m]e flatt]y to ! f\nd]s ( ! *ur*4 ,ju/9ian & ,!odora 7 dev\t aft] ! fa%ion ( _! day1 & took a deep int]e/ 9 ! poor4 ,! empress erect$ an asylum = fall5 wom51 ho/els = /rang]s1 hospitals = ! sick1 & homes = ! de/itute4 ',on ! spl5did piece ( tape/ry embroid]$ 9 gold :i* =m$ ! alt> clo? ( ,s4 ,sophia1 %e 0 repres5t$ ) ,ju/9ian z visit+ hospitals & *ur*es4'#aaj ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bj4 ,,inscription ,,on ,,! ,,frieze4 ,to ! re> ( ! s\!rn /raight side ( ! octagon two columns /& "u ! gall]y1 ) wide fillets work$ on bo? sides ( _! bases1 %afts1 & capitals1 %[+ t a frame ( /one or wood 0 once affix$ to !m4 ,! capitals are ( ! ord9>y cu%ion type & be> on opposite faces ! monograms ,ju/9ian1 ,basileus4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,xiv4 7#a7 ,,ss4 ,,s]gius ,,& ,,bac*us4 ,,! ,,int]ior1 ,,look+ ,,nor?-,,ea/4 7#b7 ,,ss4 ,,s]gius ,,& ,,bac*us4 ,,portion ,,( ,,! ,,entablature4 ,to face page #gd4 ,two feet above ! cornice1 or tw5ty feet f ! floor ( ! *ur*1 ! level ( ! gall]y is rea*$4#aaa ,"h ! columns are small] ?an ^? bel[1 & are b\nd toge!r by ar*es in/ead ( by an ar*itrave4 ,_! capitals repres5t ! type kn[n z ! ',pseudo-,ionic' or cu%ion capital1 9 view ( its broad head4 ,x appe>s appropriately "h z ! =m ( capital requir$ to c>ry ! impo/ ( an ar* ^u a capital4 ,at "o "t1 inde$1 t dem& 0 met by plac+ ^u ! capital a di/9ct block ( /one1 a fragm5t1 s to speak1 ( ! horizontal ar*itrave4 ,x is ! device adopt$ 9 ,san ,vitale at ,rav5na1 ,s4 ,demetrius ( ,salonica1 & else:]e1 b nev] x w\ld seem 9 ,con/ant9ople1 except 9 ! und]gr\nd ci/]ns ( ! city4 ,x 01 h[ev]1 too in>ti/ic to endure1 & ev5tually 0 sup]s$$ by capitals ) a broad flatt5$ head on :i* ! wide impo/ ( an ar* c\ld re/ securely4#aab ,a free =m ( acan?us1 deeply und]cut on ! face t[>ds ! c5tral area ( ! *ur*1 cov]s ! capitals1 & 9 ! c5tre ( t face1 on all ! capitals except ! eigh? 7c\nt+ f ! nor?-ea/7 is c>v$ ! monogram ( ! title ,basileus1 or ( ,ju/9ian1 or ( ,!odora4 ,9 ! s\? side ( ! gall]y /& two columns correspond+ to ! two columns 9 ! aisle bel[4 ,!y are poor 9 design & n orig9al4 ,! we/]n capital is ',pseudo-,ionic1'#aac ) a pla9 cross on ! nor!rn face4 ,! ea/]n capital is 9 ! basket =m ) r\ndels on ! f\r faces4 ,two additional columns are f\nd 9 ! we/]n portion ( ! gall]y4 ,!y are ( v]d antique & l>g] ?an ! o!r columns 9 ?is /ory ( ! *ur*1 & h sunk crosses 9 !m4 ,! spl5d\r ( ! int]ior decoration has c]ta9ly be5 dimm$1 = ! walls ( ! edifice once gleam$ ) m>bles & glitt]$ ) mosaics4 ',by ! %e5 ( its m>bles1' says ,procopius1#aad 'x 0 m respl5d5t ?an ! sun1 & ev]y:]e x 0 fill$ pr(usely ) gold4' ,:5 ,f]guson exam9$ ! build+1 rema9s ( frescoes or ( mosaics1 :i* h disappe>$ s9ce 8 "t1 c\ld be di/+ui%$ 9 ! n>!x4 ,! s(fit1 bo? ( ! upp] & ( ! l[] cymatium on ! pi]s1 projects suffici5tly to admit ! application ( ! cu/om>y m>ble incru/ation4 ,! proportions ( ! build+ are m>r$ by ! bo>d$ floor :i* rises sev5te5 c5timet]s above ! orig9al pavem5t1 disguis+ ! real elevation ( ! dome & ( ! columns 9 ! l[] colonnade4 ,b not)/&+ all *anges = ! worse ! build+ is /ill a beautiful /ructure4 ,v effective especially is ! happy comb9ation ( ! v>i\s l9es & =ms "h br\ght toge!r--! rectil9e> & ! semicircul> sides ( ! octagon1 ! octagonal fabric & ! r\nd dome t cr[ns x1 ! horizontal entablature /ret*$ along ! summit ( ! l[] /ory ( columns & ! ar*es t leap f column to column 9 ! gall]y4 ,?is h>moni\s v>iety ( =m has also a hi/orical significance4 ,an old ord] 9 ar*itecture & a new ord] "h meet & embrace be=e ! e>li]1 hav+ s]v$ its age1 passes away & ! lat] comes triumphant to fill ano!r era ( ! _w ) fre% beauties4 ,"h 9 ! tide ( "t we look be=e & aft]4 ,to ! /ud5t ( ar*itecture ! dome ( ?is *ur* is specially int]e/+4 ,9 ! application ( ! dome to ! octagon no p5d5tives are employ$4 ,! octagon is c>ri$ up to ! base ( ! dome1 :i* is built 9 sixte5 longitud9al comp>tm5ts t imp+e ^u "o ano!r & =m gro9s giv+ to ! dome its /r5g? & sweep4 ,on ! gro9s is a pla/] m\ld+1 probably ,byzant9e4 ,! eight comp>tm5ts directly above ! dome ar*es are flat1 & flu% ) ! inn] face ( ! octagon1 & 9 ea* ( !m is a semicircul>-head$ w9d[4 ,!y rise p]p5dicul> to a po9t a little above ! w9d[s1 & !n curve ) a radius to ! c5tre ( ! dome4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,xv4 ,,! ,,bapti/]y1 ,s4 ,,sophia1 ,,f ,,! ,,ea/4 ,,! ,,bapti/]y1 ,s4 ,,sophia4 ,,! ,,int]ior1 ,,look+ ,,we/4 ,to face page #gf4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ba4--,,view ,,( ,,! ,,ext]ior ,,( ,,! ,,dome ,,( ,,ss4 ,,s]gius ,,& ,,bac*us4 ,on ! o!r h& ! eight comp>tm5ts directly above ! angles ( ! octagon are n>r[] ?an ! prec$+ comp>tm5ts2 !y h no w9d[s1 &1 :at is ( special importance to note1 !y are deeply concave4#aae ,su* m>k$ holl[ness is f\nd 9 lat] domes z a decorative feature1 b "h x is prim>ily & supremely a con/ructive device4 ,by its means ! concave comp>tm5ts are set slightly back f ! octagon's inn] face1 leav+1 at ! spr++ l9e1 portions ( ! wall-head to appe> z little flat l$ges on ea* side ( ! angles4 ,?is is a mo/ skilful exp$i5t1 & comp>es fav\rably ) ! me?ods employ$ else:]e to apply ! dome to ! octagon4#aaf ,9 ! octagonal *ur* ( ,s4 ,lor5zo at ,milan ! octagon is turn$ into ! circle by ! introduction ( squ9*es4 ,9 ,san ,vitale a consid]able wall+ is built betwe5 ! l9e ( ! octagon & ! spr++ l9e ( ! dome1 :ile ! b$ = ! dome is =m$ by introduc+1 9 ! space ov] ! angles ( ! octagon1 ni*es :i* are work$ above to ! circle on plan4 ,on ! o!r h&1 x is int]e/+ to comp>e ) ^! me?ods ! me?od employ$ 9 ! bapti/]y ( ,s4 ,sophia1 n[ a ,sultan's ,turb1 ne> ! s\!rn entrance to ! inn] n>!x4 ,al?\gh ! walls ( ! build+ describe a squ>e on ! ext]ior1 !y =m an octagon on ! int]ior ) semicircul> bays at ! diagonals1 z 9 ,,ss4 ,s]gius & ,bac*us4 ,b 9 ! application ( ! dome ! true p5d5tive is us$4 ,! bapti/]y 0 erect$ %ortly be=e ,s4 ,sophia1 & 9 view ( ! erection ( ! great *ur*4 ,! curvature ( ! dome ( ,,ss4 ,s]gius & ,bac*us has ?ree zones1 :i* h respectively a radius ( m4 #h1 7drawn f ! c5tre ( ! octagon71 m4 #c-a_/d1 & m4 #i-a_/b1 7c5tre ab\t m4 #b1 bel[ ! spr++ ( ! dome74 ,! fir/ ext5ds to a po9t a little above ! heads ( ! dome w9d[s2 ! second ab\t m4 #b high]2 ! ?ird to ! cr[n ( ! dome4 ,! gro9s /op %ort a little bel[ ! dome's apex1 :]e !y are ar*$ into "o ano!r1 leav+ a sauc]-%ap$ cr[n n[ capp$ by a ,turki% f9ial4 ,! dome is cov]$ ) lead1 & pres5ts an undulat+ surface ow+ to ! protub]ance ( its eight concave comp>tm5ts4#aag ,! sy/em ( weight+ & buttress+ ! dome displays great skill1 & w be be/ und]/ood by /udy+ ,mr4 ,h5d]son's geometrical & con/ructive sections ( ! sy/ems 7,figs4 #bh1 #bi74 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bb4--;,,brick ,,/amps ,,9 ,,ss4 ,,s]gius ,,& ,,bac*us4 7,f rubb+s by ,mr4 ,a4 ,e4 ,h5d]son47 ,at ea/ end ( s\? aisle4 ,9 ! gall]y4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bc4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bd4 ,illu/ration3 ,,figs4 #be1 #bf1 ,,& #bg4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bh4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bi4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #cj4 #ha ,procop4 ,de a$4 i4 c4 #d2 ,b&uri1 iii4 p4 #de4 #hb ,de top4 ii4 c4 #ad4 #hc ,c$r54 ii4 pp4 #fdb-dc4 #hd ,mansi1 viii4 col4 #ajaj4 #he ,b&uri1 iii4 p4 #de4 ,! *ur* 0 visit$ by ,russian pilgrims 9 #abjj1 #acej1 #acic4--;,it94 russes1 pp4 #afj1 #abj1 #afd4 #hf ,procop4 ,de a$4 i4 p4 #ahf4 ,s4 ,pet] 'ne> ! palace' is m5tion$ 9 ! li/ ( abbots at ! ,synod ( ,c4,p4 9 #ecf4 ,mansi1 viii4 col4 #icj1 col4 #ici4 ,ano!r docum5t ( ! same ,synod1 col4 #ajaj1 is sign$ by ,pet]1 heg\m5os ( ,,ss4 ,pet] & ,paul & ( ! holy m>tyrs ,,ss4 ,s]gius & ,bac*us4 #hg ,diehl1 ,manuel d'art byzant91 p4 #ca4 ,antoniadi has drawn my att5tion to ! junction ( a basilica & a hexagonal build+ 9 a bapti/]y at ,tivoli4 ,see ,dehio und ,bezold1 ,atlas1 plate i4 fig4 #aj4 #hh ,synax1 ,oct4 #g4 #hi ,du ,cange1 iv4 p4 #ace4 #ij ,c$r54 i4 p4 #fce2 ,procop4 ,secret ,hi/ory1 c4 #f2 ,procop4 ,de a$4 ii4 p4 #bcd2 ,!oph4 p4 #cci2 ,!oph4 ,cont4 p4 #aed4 #ia ,c$r54 i4 pp4 #fdb-dc4 ,! ,synax>ia 7,sirmondi7 speak ( ?ree *ur*es ( ,s4 ,s]gius1 9 or ne> ,con/ant9ople2 ,greek3 en tais ,sophiais1 ,oct4 #g2 ,greek3 plsion ts ,aeti\ k9/]ns1 ,nov4 #i 7ne> ,mona/]y ( ,manuel1 p4 #beh72 ,greek3 p]an en ,rh\ph9ianais1 ,may #bi 7ne> ,kadikeui74 #ib ,page #bbj4 #ic ,b>onius1 ,annales ecclesia/ici1 tom4 ix4 p4 #bec1 ,luccae1 #agda3 'quam basilicam eorum hic 9 domo no/ra sub nom9e pra$ictorum v5]abilium con/ructam1 illu/r>e et illum9>e l>ge dignem9i4' #id ,ibid4 p4 #bed4 #ie ,de a$4 i4 p4 #ahf4 #if ,ut supra1 ,greek3 kai epeita kai tem5os allo ek plagi\ t\t p>akeim5on 7i4e4 ,,ss4 ,s]gius & ,bac*us74 #ig ,b>onius1 x4 p4 #dc4 #ih ,!oph4 p4 #cdi2 ,malalas1 p4 #dhe4 #ii ,le ,gr& ,palais4 ,epigram #h 9 ! ,an?ologia ,graeca epigrammatum 7vol4 i4 ,/adt-,muell]7 celebrates ! erection by ,ju/9ian ( ,,ss4 ,pet] & ,paul1 ,greek3 eis ton naon tn hagin apo/oln plsion t\ hagi\ ,s]gi\ eis ta ,hormisd\4 #ajj ,b>onius1 x4 p4 #dc 'ex domo ,placidiana1 ubi degebat1 confugit ad ibi proxime junctam ecclesiam ,s4 ,petri'2 cf4 ,vigilius' lett]1 ,ep4 vii4 t4 i4 ,ep4 ,rom4 pont4 #aja ,!oph4 p4 #cdi2 ,malalas1 p4 #dhe4 #ajb ,notitia4 ,two palaces be>+ simil> names /ood 9 ! ,fir/ ,region ( ! city1 ! ,palatium ,placidianum & ! ,domus ,placidiae ,augu/ae4 ,vigilius ref]s to ! palace 9 8 circul> lett]1 giv+ an acc\nt ( 8 treatm5t at ,con/ant9ople4 ,!re also ! legates ( ,pope ,aga?o 7 lodg$ 9 #fhj1 on ! occasion ( ! ,fir/ ,c\ncil 9 ,trullo1 & !re likewise ,pope ,con/ant9e 9 #gaj1 :5 he came to ! ,ea/ at ! comm& ( ,ju/9ian ,,ii41 took up 8 abode4--,ana/asius ,biblio!c>ius1 pp4 #ed1 #fe4 #ajc ,epi/ola ccli4 ,see ,du ,cange1 ,con/4 ,*ri/4 iv4 p4 #aaf4 #ajd ',"u ! microscope ( mod]n hi/orical criticism1 444 x is n surpris+ to f9d t ! fam\s embassy ( ,john ! ,gramm>ian to ! c\rt ( ,baghdad mu/ be reject$ z a fiction irreconcilable ) fact4'--,pr(4 ,bury 9 ! ,engli% ,hi/orical ,review1 ,april #aiji4 ,b he 0 s5t on o!r embassies4 #aje ,con/ant4 ,porphyr4 pp4 #hg-hh4 #ajf ,simil> to ! p>akypticon at ! ea/ end ( ! s\!rn gall]y 9 ,s4 ,sophia4 ,reiske 7,comm5t4 ad ,con/ant4 ,porphyr4 p4 #aie7 def9es x z ',f5e/ra1 quae 9 sacrificatorium despicit e cate*um5iis4' ,cf4 on ! :ole subject1 ,antoniadi1 ,greek3 ,ekphrasis ts ,hagias ,sophias1 vol4 ii4 p4 #bia1 note #aja2 p4 #cca1 note #aij2 p4 #ccb4 #ajg ,! plan ( ,,ss4 ,s]gius & ,bac*us is simil> to t ( ! ca!dral ( ,bosra 7#eaa-ab71 :i* 0 also d$icat$ to ! same sa9ts4 ,f]gusson1 ,hi/ory ( ,anci5t & ,m$iaeval ,ar*itecture1 vol4 i4 p4 #dcb4 #ajh ,gyllius1 ,de ,top4 ,c4,p4 ii4 c4 #af4 ,if ! design repres5t$ v9e leaves & grapes1 x surely did n allude to ! god ,bac*us1 b to ! v9e 9 ! gospel ( ,s4 ,john4 ,! small columns on ! pi]s are ,turki%4 #aji ,antoniadi1 ,s4 ,sophia1 vol4 ii1 pp4 #g-i1 draws att5tion to ! developm5t ( build+s ) sides turn$ into exh$rae1 f _! simple/ =m to _! culm9ation 9 ,s4 ,sophia4 ,he ref]s = illu/rations to plans 9 ,dehio und ,bezold1 ,die kir*li*e ,baukun/ des ,ab5dl&es1 vol4 i4 pp4 #bc-ca2 ,atlas1 vol4 i4 plate i4 figures #a1 #b1 #c1 #d1 #g2 plate iii4 figures #a1 #b1 #g4 #aaj ,c4 ,diehl1 ,!odora1 pp4 #bdb1 #cdb4 #aaa ,! ratio ( ! height ( ! gall]y above ! floor ( ! *ur* to ! height ( ! summit ( ! dome is1 accord+ to ,antoniadi1 #a_/c4e1 ! same z 9 ,s4 ,sophia z built by ,an!mius4 #aab ',pulv9s1' says ,rivoira 7,lomb>dic ,ar*itecture1 p4 #aa1 ,engli% translation71 's]ve ! purpose ( provid+ ! spr+]s ( ! ar*es ) a base correspond+ to ! wall :i* !y c>ry1 :ile all[+ ! support b5ea? to be mu* slight] )\t injur+ ! /ability ( ! /ructure4' #aac ,rivoira1 ut supra1 p4 #fb3 ',! volutes 9 ! ,pseudo-,ionic capital int5d$ to conceal ! abruptness ( ! transition f ! squ>e ( ! pulv9 to ! r\nd4' #aad ,de a$4 i4 p4 #ahg4 #aae ',! c5tres ( ! radii ( ^! concave comp>tm5ts are =m$ by hav+ ?ree po9ts giv5 ! gro9s on ei!r side & ! angle ( ! octagon 9 ! c5tre4 ,) ^! po9ts = ea* comp>tm5t ! radius is giv51 & an arc turn$ giv+ ! concavity requir$ = ea* web at its spr++4'--,a4 ,e4 ,h5d]son 9 ! ,build]1 ,janu>y #aijf1 p4 #d4 #aaf ,9 ,s4 ,george ( ,ezra 9 ,syria 7#eae71 z ,mr4 ,e4 ,m4 ,antoniadi in=ms me1 ! dome ov]hangs or ov]sails ! angles ( ! octagon4 #aag ',! dome /&s )9 a polygon ( sixte5 sides1 t rises f\r metres above ! spr++ l9e1 keep+ ! dome taut & weight+ ! haun*es4 ,aga9/ ?is polygonal cas+ are set buttresses =m$ by ! ext5sion ( ! pi]s ( ! octagon to )9 m4 #a-a_/b f ! cornice ( ! dome4 ,^! buttresses are 9 _! turn respectively /r5g!n$1 on ! re>1 by two small buttresses2 ( :i* ^? on ! nor?1 s\?1 ea/1 & we/ sides re/ on an ar* ( ! gynecaeum1 & c>ry ! ?ru/ to ! out] walls ( ! *ur*1 :ile ! o!rs re/ on ! exh$rae & ! vault+ ( ! gynecaeum4 ,fur!rmore1 f ! summit ( ! buttresses =m$ by ! pi]s ( ! octagon a small buttress is set aga9/ ! cupola itself up to ! cornice4' ,?is m>%all+ ( ! buttresses ar\nd ! dome 9 ?ree ti]s1 :ile secur+ ! /ability ( ! /ructure1 is moreov] /rik+ly arti/ic4 ,see ,fig4 #ba4 ,,*apt] ,,iv ,,! ,,*ur* ,,( ,s4 ,,ir5e #aah-adc ,! *ur* ( ,s4 ,ir5e /&s at a %ort di/ance to ! nor?-ea/ ( ,s4 ,sophia1 9 ! fir/ c\rt ( ! ,s]aglio4 ,its id5tity has nev] be5 que/ion$1 = ! build+ 0 too mu* 9 ! public eye & too ne> ! c5tre ( ! ecclesia/ical affairs ( ! city to r5d] possible any mi/ake conc]n+ its real "*4 ,x is always describ$ z close to ,s4 ,sophia4#aah ,accord+ to ! hi/orian ,socrates1#aai x 0 orig9ally "o ( ! ,*ri/ian sanctu>ies ( ! old t[n ( ,byzantium1 a /atem5t we may well believe1 see+ ,byzantium 0 ! seat ( a bi%op be=e ! f\ndation ( ,con/ant9ople4 ,! designation ( ! *ur* z '! ,anci5t' or '! ,old ,*ur*1' ,ecclesia ,antiqua1 ,greek3 h palaia1#abj & ! special reg>d *]i%$ = ! *ur* dur+ ! e>li] hi/ory ( ! city1 are also ?us be/ expla9$4 ,! orig9al sanctu>y 0 small1#aba b :5 ,byzantium became ! capital ( ! ,ea/ ! old fabric 0 enl>g$ & beautifi$ by ,con/ant9e ! ,great to h>monize ) its gr&] surr\nd+s1 & 0 d$icat$ to ,peace1 9 hon\r ( ! re/ & quiet :i* settl$ ^u ! ,roman _w :5 ! f\nd] ( ! city _h vanqui%$ all 8 rivals aft] eighte5 ye>s ( civil w>4#abb ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,xvi4 ,abdullah ,frres4 ,s4 ,,ir5e1 ,,f ,,! ,,s\?-,,ea/4 ,to face page #hd4 ,,note ,o!r *ur*es ( ! same "n 7 f\nd 9 ,con/ant9ople3 ,s4 ,ir5e 9 ! ,sev5? ,region1 accord+ to ! ,notitia4 ,s4 ,ir5e 9 ,sykai 7,galata71 ,greek3 p]an en ,sykais2 ,!ophanes1 p4 #cec4 ,s4 ,ir5e by ! ,sea1 ,greek3 pros ?alassan2 ,nicetas ,*oniates1 p4 #bfi2 ,synax41 ,jan4 #aj4 ,! la/ 0 also kn[n z ! ,new1 ,greek3 ,nea2 ,synax41 ,jan4 #bc4 ,erect$ 9 ! reign ( ! ,emp]or ,m>cian1 x 0 p>tially re/or$ by ! ,emp]or ,manuel ,comn5us aft] its de/ruction by fire2 ,nicet4 ,*on4 ut supra4 ,x 0 /yl$ likewise 'at ! ,f]ry1' ,greek3 to p]ama2 ,cod9us1 ,de a$4 p4 #hi2 ,b&uri1 ii4 p4 #ca4 ,until ! ye> #cfj1 :5 ! *ur* ( ,s4 ,sophia 0 op5$ to public wor%ip by ! ,emp]or ,con/antius1 ,s4 ,ir5e appe>s to h be5 ! ca!dral ( ! city4 ,h5ce1 probably1 ! "n sometimes giv5 to x1 ! ,patri>*ate1 ,greek3 to patri>*eion4#abc ,nor did ! *ur* lose its primacy altoge!r ev5 aft] ! erection ( ,s4 ,sophia4 ,on ! contr>y1 ! two *ur*es 7 reg>d$ z =m+ "o sanctu>y2 !y 7 enclos$ )9 ! same c\rt1 s]v$ by ! same cl]gy1 & kn[n by ! same "n1 '! ,great ,*ur*1' ,greek3 h ,megal ,ekklsia4#abd ,s4 ,ir5e 0 aga9 ! sole ca!dral build+1 :ile ,s4 ,sophia lay 9 ru9s = elev5 ye>s aft] be+ set on fire 9 #djd1 on ! occasion ( ! f9al bani%m5t ( ,john ,*ryso/om4 ,s4 ,ir5e comes prom95tly into view dur+ ! fi]ce /ruggle betwe5 ! adh]5ts ( ! ,nic5e ,cre$ & ! ,arians1 9 ! half-c5tury :i* foll[$ ! inauguration ( ,new ,rome4 ,hav+ be5 p]suad$ t ! po9t at issue betwe5 ! two !ological p>ties 0 n ess5tial1 & t ! agitation ( ! "q 0 due to love ( disputation1 ,con/ant9e ! ,great1 :o valu$ peace at almo/ any price1 attempt$ to suppress ! controv]sy by 8 au?ority1 & accord+ly ord]$ ! ,patri>* ,alex&] to admit ,arius1 !n pres5t 9 ! city1 to ! ,holy ,communion4 ,) ?is ord] ,alex&]1 a *ampion ( ! ,nic5e ,cre$1 refus$ to comply4 ,:]eupon ! foll[]s ( ,arius decid$ to h rec\rse to viol5ce4 ,b on ! v eve ( ! day fix$ to c>ry out _! purpose1 ,arius 0 tak5 sudd5ly ill 9 ! ,=um ( ,con/ant9e & di$ on ! spot4 ,! hi/orian ,socrates reg>ds ! ev5t z ! act ( ,god1 = :5 ! patri>* he>d :at ! h]etics int5d$ to d1 he retir$ to ! *ur* ( ,s4 ,ir5e1 & !re = _m days & nights1 ) fa/+ & te>s1 & ) 8 lips press$ to ! alt>1 implor$ div9e succ\r 9 8 t]rible extremity4 ',if ! op9ions ( ,arius be true1' ! patri>* pray$1 'let me die2 b if !y are false let him be judg$4' ,! tragic end ( ,arius 0 consid]$ ! answ] to t pray]4 ,^u ! dea? ( ,alex&] 9 #cdc1 at ! age ( n9ety-eight1 ! two p>ties came into collision 9 reg>d to ! "q ( 8 successor4 ,! deceas$ prelate _h recomm5d$ two p]sons z suitable to fill 8 place3 ! presbyt] ,paul1 because ( 8 abilities2 ! deacon ,mac$onius1 on acc\nt ( 8 age & v5]able appe>ance4 ,! ,arians fav\r$ ,mac$onius1 z m 9 sympa?y ) _! op9ions2 ! or?odox1 h[ev]1 c>ri$ ! election & in/all$ ,paul 9 ,s4 ,ir5e4 ,! defeat$ p>ty seems to h submitt$1 b ! ,emp]or ,con/antius1 a viol5t ,arian1 qua%$ ! election1 & appo9t$ ,eusebius ( ,nicom$ia1 a prom95t uphold] ( ! views ( ,arius1 bi%op ( ! capital4 ,^u ! dea? ( ,eusebius 9 #cdf ! !ological combatants aga9 seiz$ ! opportunity to try _! /r5g?4 ,! or?odox recall$ ,paul2 ! ,arians consecrat$ ,mac$onius4 ,inc5s$ by ^! proce$+s1 ,con/antius1 !n at ,antio*1 ord]$ ,h]mog5es1 ! magi/] militum 9 ,?race1 to proce$ to ,con/ant9ople & drive ,paul f ! city4 ,b no soon] did ,h]mog5es attempt to execute 8 in/ructions ?an ! populace rose1 burnt 8 h\se to ! gr\nd1 & aft] dragg+ him along ! /reets1 kill$ him4 ,! emp]or 0 furi\s4 ,he hurri$ back to ,con/ant9ople1 bani%$ ,paul1 & r$uc$ by "o-half ! am\nt ( free bread daily di/ribut$ among ! citiz5s4 ,nor did he fully recognize ,mac$onius z bi%op4 ,"u ^! circum/ances ,paul made 8 way to ,rome1 &1 hav+ secur$ ! support ( ! ,pope1 reappe>$ 9 ,con/ant9ople z ! rightful bi%op ( ! see4 ,b ! emp]or1 aga9 9 ,syria1 0 n to be baffl$4 ,m angry ?an ev]1 he s5t p]emptory ord]s to ,philip1 ! prefect ( ,con/ant9ople1 to expel ,paul & to recognize ,mac$onius4 ,by skilful arrangem5ts ,paul 0 quietly remov$ f ! sc5e4 ,b to in/all ,mac$onius 0 a m difficult und]tak+4 ,! prefect1 h[ev]1 ord]$ 8 *>iot1 & ) ,mac$onius seat$ by 8 side made = ,s4 ,ir5e1 "u an escort ( troops c>ry+ drawn swords4 ,! %>p1 nak$ weapons al>m$ ! cr[ds 9 ! /reets1 & )\t di/9ction ( sect or class m5 ru%$ = ! *ur*1 ev]ybody try+ to out/rip 8 neighb\r 9 ! race to get !re fir/4 ,soon all ! approa*es to ! build+ 7 pack$ to suffocation2 no "o /irr$ backw>ds or =w>ds1 & ! prefect's *>iot 0 unable to advance4 ,:at seem$ a ho/ile b>ricade ( human be+s weld$ toge!r ob/ruct$ 8 pa?4 ,9 va9 did ! soldi]s br&i% _! swords 9 ! hope ( fright5+ ! cr[d to disp]se4 ,! cr[d /ood /ock /ill1 n because x w\ld n1 b because x c\ld n move4 ,! soldi]s grew angry1 resort$ to _! weapons1 & cut a way to ! *ur* ?r\gh t compact mass ( humanity at ! co/ ( #caej lives2 "s ( ! victims be+ cru%$ to dea?1 o!rs kill$ at ! po9t ( ! sword4 ,s 0 ,mac$onius conduct$ to 8 ?rone 9 ! temple ( ,peace4#abe ,b ! conflict betwe5 ! opposite p>ties cont9u$1 & aft] six ye>s sp5t 9 ef=ts to recov] 8 position1 ,paul 0 re/or$ to (fice ?r\gh ! int]v5tion ( ! ,pope ( ,rome1 ( ! ,emp]or ,con/ans1 & ( ! ,synod ( ,s>dica4 ,x 0 a brief triumph4 ,9 #cej ,paul 0 exil$ = life to ,cucusus1 & ,mac$onius rul$ once m 9 8 /ead4#abf ,= ! next ?irty ye>s ,s4 ,ir5e ) ! o!r *ur*es ( ! capital rema9$ 9 ! h&s ( ! ,arians4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,xvii4 7#a7 ,s4 ,,ir5e1 ,,s\? ,,side4 7#b7 ,s4 ,,ir5e1 ,,nor? ,,side4 ,,9 ,,! ,,di/ance1 ,s4 ,,sophia4 ,to face page #hf4 ,dur+ t p]iod ! ,nic5e fai? 0 prea*$ by ,gregory ( ,nazianzus only 9 a small *apel1 subsequ5tly d$icat$ to ,s4 ,ana/asia4#abg ,b ) ! accession ( ,!odosius ! ,great ! adh]5ts ( ! ,cre$ ( ,nicaea prevail$1 & ! ,second ,g5]al ,c\ncil1 held 9 ,con/ant9ople 9 #cha1 adopt$ t cre$ z ! true fai? ( ! ,*ri/ian ,*ur*4 ,accord+ to ! biograph] ( ,s4 ,/eph5 ! ,y\ng]1 :o enum]ates ! six ecum5ical c\ncils1 & indicates1 9 mo/ cases1 :]e ea* met1 t fam\s ,c\ncil met 9 ! *ur* ( ,s4 ,ir5e4#abh ,b ,!odore ,lector#abi says ! ,c\ncil assembl$ 9 ! *ur* ( ,homonoia1 & expla9s ! "n ( t *ur* z commemorative ( ! h>mony :i* prevail$ among ! bi%ops :o ga!r$ !re on t occasion4 ,z a matt] ( fact1 "o ( ! *ur*es ( ! city bore ! "n ,homonoia4#acj ,possibly ! discrepancy betwe5 ! /atem5ts ( ! au?ors j m5tion$ may be due to a confusion aris+ f a simil> mean+ ( ! names ( ! two *ur*es4 ,accord+ to ! ,anonymus1#aca ! usurp] ,basiliscus took refuge ) 8 wife & *ildr5 9 ,s4 ,ir5e1 :5 he 0 ov]?r[n 9 #dgg1 & ! ,emp]or ,z5o recov]$ ! ?rone4 ,b1 accord+ to ! ,pas*al ,*ronicle1#acb ,basiliscus fl$ on t occasion to ! great bapti/]y ( ,s4 ,sophia4 ,z t bapti/]y /ood betwe5 ,s4 ,ir5e & ,s4 ,sophia & may h s]v$ bo? *ur*es1 ! diff]5ce betwe5 ! two /atem5ts is n s]i\s4 ,aft] /&+ = two c5turies ! ,con/ant9ian edifice 0 burnt to ! gr\nd by ! fire :i* ! rebel factions 9 ! ,nika ,riot set to ! (fices ( ! prefect on ,friday1 ! #af? ( ,janu>y #ecb4 ,! build+ _h n>r[ly escap$ ! same fate 9 ! fire :i* de/roy$ ,s4 ,sophia e>li] 9 ! c\rse ( ! riot1 & might h surviv$ also ! conflagration 9 :i* x actually p]i%$1 b = ! /rong w9d :i* c>ri$ ! flames f ! praetorium to ! *ur*1 dev\r+ on _! way ! ba? ( ,alex&]1 a "p ( ! hospice ( ,eubulus1 & ! hospital ( ,sampson ) its pati5ts4 ,! re/oration ( ! *ur* 0 includ$ 9 ! magnific5t s*eme ( ,ju/9ian ! ,great to build on ! wild]ness ( a%es creat$ by 8 rebel subjects ! f9e/ monum5ts ( 8 empire4 ,& s ,s4 ,ir5e rose f its ru9s1 ! l>ge/ sanctu>y 9 ,con/ant9ople1 except ,s4 ,sophia4#acc ,! bricks be>+ ! m>k '! ,great ,*ur*1' ,greek3 ,megal ',ekklsia1 :i* are built into a rais$ bank aga9/ ! nor!rn wall ( ! atrium1 af=d no indication ( ! date :5 ,s4 ,ir5e 0 rebuilt4 ,! bank is ( comp>atively rec5t orig94#acd ,9 ! mon? ( ,decemb] #efd1 ! ?irty-sev5? ye> ( ,ju/9ian's reign1 ano!r great fire ?reat5$ to de/roy ! build+s :i* t emp]or _h erect$ 9 ! qu>t] ( ! city beside ,s4 ,sophia4 ,! hospital ( ,sampson 0 aga9 burnt d[n2 ! atrium ( ! ,great ,*ur*1 kn[n z ! ,g>sono/asion1 suff]$2 two mona/]ies close to ,s4 ,ir5e p]i%$1 &1 :at mo/ conc]ns u1 ! atrium & "p ( ! n>!x ( ,s4 ,ir5e itself 7 consum$4#ace ,h[ soon ^! injuries 7 repair$ is n record$4 ,dur+ ! #agf ye>s t foll[$ ! recon/ruction ( ! *ur* by ,ju/9ian1 ,s4 ,ir5e does n appe> 9 hi/ory4 ,b 9 #gdj x 0 injur$ by ! e>?quake :i* %ook ,con/ant9ople 9 ! la/ ye> ( ! reign ( ,leo ,,iii4 ! ,isaurian4#acf ,!ophanes#acg is v precise 9 reg>d to ! "t :5 ! disa/] occurr$2 x 0 on ! #bf? ( ,octob]1 ! n9? indiction1 on a ,w$nesday1 at eight o'clock4 ,! damage done bo? 9 ! city & 9 ! t[ns ( ,?race & ,bi?ynia 0 t]rible4 ,9 ,nicaea only "o *ur* 0 left /&+1 :ile ,con/ant9ople deplor$ ! ru9 ( l>ge portions ( ! l&w>d =tifications & ! loss ( _m *ur*es1 mona/]ies1 & public monum5ts4 ,s4 ,ir5e 0 !n %ak51 &1 z ! exam9ation ( ! build+ by ,mr4 ,george has prov$1 su/a9$ mo/ s]i\s injuries4 ,! ,emp]or ,leo di$ ab\t six mon?s aft] ! disa/]1 & x is !re=e unc]ta9 :e!r ! *ur* 0 rebuilt be=e 8 dea?4 ,8 fir/ att5tion 0 naturally direct$ to ! recon/ruction ( ! =tifications ( ! city1 :]e 8 "n /ill appe>s1 ) t ( 8 son & successor ,con/ant9e ,copronymus1 z ! rebuild] ( ! fall5 bulw>ks4 ,b al?\gh !re is no record ( ! precise date at :i* ! ru9$ *ur* 0 repair$1 we may safely assume t if ! "w 0 n comm5c$ :ile ,leo ,,iii4 sat ^u ! ?rone1 x 0 und]tak5 soon aft] ! accession ( ,con/ant9e ,copronymus4 ,s4 ,ir5e 0 too important to be long neglect$1 & 0 probably rebuilt dur+ ! asc5dancy ( ! iconocla/s4 ,! *ur* reappe>s = a mom5t 9 #heg dur+ ! dispute :i* rag$ ar\nd ! p]sons ( ,ignatius & ,photius z to :i* ( !m 0 ! lawful patri>*4 ,:ile ! p>tisans ( ! latt] met 9 ! *ur* ( ! ,holy ,apo/les to depose ,ignatius1 ! few bi%ops :o upheld ! claims ( ,ignatius assembl$ 9 ,s4 ,ir5e to condemn & depose ,photius ) equal vehem5ce4#ach ,! *ur* comes into view once m 9 connection ) ! settlem5t ( ! qu>rel caus$ 9 #ijg by ! f\r? m>riage ( ,leo ,,vi4 ! ,wise4 ,z ! union 0 uncanonical1 ! ,patri>* ,ni*olas depos$ ! prie/ :o _h celebrat$ ! m>riage2 he1 moreov]1 refus$ ! ,communion to ! emp]or1 & treat$ ,zoe1 ! emp]or's f\r? wife1 z an outca/4 ,= su* conduct ,ni*olas lo/ 8 (fice1 & a m pliant ecclesia/ic 0 appo9t$ 9 8 place4 ,! inevitable result foll[$4 ,! religi\s _w 0 torn by a s*ism :i* di/urb$ ,*ur* & ,/ate = fifte5 ye>s4 ,at l5g? ,romanus ,i4 summon$ a c\ncil ( div9es to compose ! agitation1 & peace 0 re/or$ 9 #iba1 by a decree :i* condemn$ a f\r? m>riage1 b all[$ a ?ird m>riage "u v /rict limitations4 ,s important 0 ?is decision reg>d$ t x 0 read annually1 9 ,july1 f ! pulpit1 & on t occasion ! emp]or1 ) ! patri>*1 att5d$ s]vice 9 ,s4 ,ir5e1 & at its close took "p 9 a procession f ,s4 ,ir5e to ,s4 ,sophia1 on ! way back to ! ,great ,palace4#aci ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,xviii4 ,s4 ,,ir5e4 ,,! ,,int]ior1 ,,look+ ,,ea/4 7,) ! k9d p]mission ( ,pr(essor ,c4 ,gurlitt1 f 8 "w ,die ,baukun/ ,kon/ant9opels1 ,b]l91 ,e4 ,wasm?47 ,to face page #ij4 ,on ,good ,friday ! patri>* held a s]vice = cate*um5s 7,greek3 kat*sis7 9 ,s4 ,ir5e1 :i* ! patricians 7 requir$ to att5d4#adj ,! *ur* ( ,s4 ,ir5e has nev] be5 us$ z a mosque4 ,aft] its enclosure )9 ! prec9cts ( ! ,s]aglio soon aft] ! ,turki% conque/1 x 0 conv]t$ into an arm\ry1 probably because x /ood 9 ! c\rt occupi$ by ! body ( ,janiss>ies :o =m$ ! palace gu>d1 & x has s]v$ t milit>y purpose1 9 contradiction to its "n1 = ! mo/ "p ev] s9ce4 ,= sev]al ye>s x conta9$ ! fir/ collection ( antiquities made by ! ,turki% ,gov]nm5t1 & "s ( ! objects 9 t collection /ill rema9 to recall ! use ( ! build+ z a museum2 ! mo/ int]e/+ ( !m be+ ! *a9 /ret*$ across ! m\? ( ! ,gold5 ,horn dur+ ! siege ( #adec1 ! monum5t to ! *>iote] ,porphyrios1 & ! p$e/al ( ! silv] /atue ( ! ,empress ,eudocia1 :i* play$ a fatal "p 9 ! relations ( t empress to ! great bi%op ( ,con/ant9ople1 ,john ,*ryso/om4 ,s9ce ! e/abli%m5t ( ! con/itutional rgime 9 ! ,ottoman ,empire ! build+ has be5 turn$ into a ,museum ( ,arms4 ,ar*itectural ,features ,until ! rec5t e/abli%m5t ( con/itutional gov]nm5t 9 ,turkey x 0 impossible to obta9 p]mission to /udy ?is *ur* 9 a satisfactory mann]1 s jeal\sly 0 ev5 entrance into ! build+ gu>d$4 ,! ne>e/ approa* to any?+ l a prop] exam9ation ( ! build+ 0 :5 ,salz5b]g 0 all[$ to visit ! *ur* 9 #ahdh1 :ile ! *ur* ( ,s4 ,sophia 0 und]go+ repairs "u ! sup]9t5d5ce ( ! ,italian ar*itect ,fossati4 ,b ! lib]ty accord$ to ,salz5b]g 0 n complete1 &1 consequ5tly1 8 plan ( ! *ur* publi%$ 9 8 ,alt*ri/li*e ,baud5kml] von ,kon/ant9opel is m>r$ by s]i\s mi/akes4 ,happily ! new ,gov]nm5t ( ! ,empire is animat$ by an enlight5$ & lib]al _s1 & at ! reque/ ( ,8 ,excell5cy ,sir ,g]>d ,l[!r1 ,h4,b4,m4 ,ambassador to ! ,sublime ,porte1 p]mission 0 grant$ to ! ,byzant9e ,rese>* & ,publication ,fund to h ! *ur* exam9$ z ?or\ghly z its condition all[$1 & to make all ! plans1 draw+s1 & photographs requir$ 9 ! int]e/s ( a sci5tific k ( its ar*itectural "*4 ,! ,byzant9e ,rese>* & ,publication ,fund 0 =tunate 9 hav+ z its presid5t1 ,edw9 ,fre%field1 ,,ll4,d41 s long di/+ui%$ = 8 devotion to ,byzant9e ar*aeology1 & x is ma9ly due to 8 g5]osity t ! means necess>y = c>ry+ on ! /udy ( ! *ur* 7 provid$4 ,! society 01 moreov]1 mo/ happy 9 be+ able to secure ! s]vices ( an ar*itect 9 ,mr4 ,w4 ,s4 ,george1 :o already possess$ consid]able exp]i5ce 9 ! inve/igation ( ,byzant9e build+s at ,salonica & else:]e4 ,=tunately1 also1 ! build+ 0 at ! same "t plac$ "u repair1 9 view ( its conv]sion into a museum ( arms1 ?us af=d+ exceptional facilities = ! erection ( scaffold+ & ! removal ( pla/] & o!r ob/ructions4 ,mr4 ,george gave ne>ly five mon?s to ! /udy ( ! *ur*1 & ! results ( 8 c>eful inve/igations w appe> 9 a monograph to be publi%$ by ! ,byzant9e ,rese>* & ,publication ,fund4 ,b ) great c\rtesy1 9 view ( ! fact t ,i 0 engag$ on ! pres5t "w1 & also because ,i waiv$ my own application = leave to /udy ,s4 ,ir5e 9 fav\r ( ! application made by ! ,byzant9e ,fund1 ,i h be5 all[$ to anticipate t monograph by mak+ use ( "s ( ! results ( ,mr4 ,george's inve/igations4 ,= ?is p]mission ,i am v grateful1 z x w add mu* to ! value ( ?is volume4 ,i visit$ ! *ur* frequ5tly :ile ,mr4 ,george 0 at "w ^u x1 & my acc\nt ( its ar*itectural features is bas$ entirely ^u ! in=mation he !n k9dly suppli$1 & ^u ! notes he has communicat$ to me s9ce 8 return to ,engl&4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,xix4 7#a7 ,s4 ,,ir5e4 ,,vault+ ,,at ,,! ,,nor?-,,we/ ,,corn] ,,( ,,! ,,atrium4 7#b7 ,s4 ,,ir5e4 ,,! ,,nor!rn ,,ar* ,,( ,,! ,,ma9 ,,dome1 ,,se5 ,,f ,,! ,,s\? ,,gall]y4 ,to face page #ib4 ,! ar*itectural feature :i* gives to ?is build+ a peculi> int]e/1 9 ! /udy ( ! developm5t ( plann+ & con/ruction1 is ! m complete fusion ( ! basilican type ( plan ) a domical sy/em ( ro(+ :i* x pres5ts ?an is f\nd 9 any o!r example ( a simil> comb9ation4 ,on ! we/1 :]e ! gr\nd reta9s its orig9al level1 /&s ! old atrium1 ?\gh mu* modifi$ by ,turki% repairs & alt]ations4 ,x _h cov]$ arcades on ! nor?1 s\?1 & we/ sides1 b only ! out] walls ( ! nor!rn & s\!rn arcades1 ) "s portions ( _! inn] walls1 & ?ree complete vault$ bays at ! nor!rn end ( ! we/]n arcade1 are ,byzant9e4 ,! walls1 vaults1 & pi]s 9 o!r p>ts ( ! arcades are ,turki%4 ,!re is no trace ( ! we/ door :i*1 "u ord9>y circum/ances1 w\ld =m ! ma9 entrance to ! atrium1 b a ,byzant9e doorway1 n[ built up1 is f\nd close to ! n>!x1 9 ! out] wall ( ! s\? arcade4 ,! area ( ! atrium has be51 moreov]1 greatly r$uc$ by ! erection1 on its f\r sides1 ( an inn] range ( ,turki% vault+4 ,five doors l$ f ! atrium to ! n>!x1 b only ! c5tral & ! nor!rnmo/ ( ^! doors are n[ op51 ! latt] entrance /ill reta9+ its orig9al ar*itrave & cornice ( :ite m>ble1 ) ! usual m\ld+s & a cross work$ on ! cr[n+ memb] ( ! cornice4 ,! pres5t entrance to ! *ur*1 h[ev]1 is on ! nor? side ( ! build+1 ?r\gh a por* t leads d[n a slop+ ,turki% passage to ! we/]n end ( ! nor? aisle4 ,! n>!x is 9 five bays1 ! two t]m9al bays hav+ cross-gro9$ vaults1 ! ?ree c5tral1 vaults ( a domical "* ) blunt r\nd$ gro9s at ! spr++4 ,! :ole vault+ surface ( ! n>!x 0 once cov]$ ) mosaics exhibit+ ma9ly a geometrical patt]n4 ,f ! n>!x ?ree tall ar*$ op5+s conduct$ to ! nave1 & "o op5+ to ea* aisle4 ,b ! direct communication betwe5 ! n>!x & ! nor!rn aisle is n[ cut (f by ! ins]tion ( ! ,turki% entrance to ! *ur*1 al?\gh ! old doorway to ! aisle rema9s complete4 ,! nave is divid$ into two l>ge bays ( equal bread? b unequal l5g?1 ! we/]n bay be+ ! %ort]4 ,9 ! latt] ! ar*es :i* support its ro( are1 to ! ea/ & we/1 semicircul>1 :ile ^? to nor? & s\? are r\ghly elliptical1 spr++ f ! same level & ris+ to ! same height z ! semicircul> ar*es1 b be+ ( %ort] span4 ,^! elliptical ar*es ext5d to ! out] walls ( ! *ur*1 ?us p>tak+ ( ! "* ( %ort b>rel vaults4 ,^u ^! ar*es is rais$ :at has be5 call$ an elliptical dome4 ,b 9 no "p has x ! "* ( a true ellipse1 nor does x spr+ f its support+ ar*es 9 ! simple regul> mann] ( a dome1 b 9 ! complex mann] ( a vault built ^u ar*es ( unequal curvature4 ,x %\ld !re=e r be call$ a domical vault4 ,:]e x %[s above ! ro( x has ! appe>ance ( a modifi$ & v l[ cone cov]+ an irregul> elliptical drum4 ,! ea/]n bay ( ! nave is squ>e on plan1 b\nd$ by semicircul> ar*es1 all ext5d$ s z to =m %ort b>rel vaults4 ,! we/]n ar* is jo9$ to ! ea/]n ar* ( ! we/]n bay1 ?us =m+ a %ort b>rel vault common to bo? bays4 ,! vault to ! ea/ runs to ! semi-dome ( ! apse2 :il/ ! vaults to nor? & s\?1 l ! correspond+ vaults 9 ! we/]n bay1 ext5d to ! out] walls & cov] ! ea/]n portions ( ! aisles & gall]ies4 ,above ! support+ ar*es regul> p5d5tives are =m$1 & above ^! !re is a drum c>ry+ a dome4 ,! apse to ! ea/ ( ! nave is semicircul> )9 & cov]$ by a semi-dome4 ,betwe5 t semi-dome & ! ea/]n b>rel vault ( ! nave a break is int]pos$1 giv+ ! bema ar* two ord]s or faces1 ) _! ext]nal & int]nal angles r\nd$ (f1 & ! :ole surface ( ! semi-dome & ( ! bema ar* is cov]$ ) mosaic4 ,at "o "t ! mosaic ext5d$ also ov] ! surface ( ! b>rel vault4 ,! decoration 9 ! semi-dome consi/s ( a l>ge cross 9 black outl9e ^u a gold gr\nd2 bel[ ! cross !re are ?ree /eps set ^u a d\ble b& ( gre5 t runs r\nd ! base ( ! semi-dome4 ,a geometrical bord] b\nds ! semi-dome1 & !n comes ! foll[+ inscription1 an extract f ,psalm lxv4 v]ses #e1 #f 7! lxiv4 9 ! ,septuag9t v]sion71 on ! inn] face ( ! ar*3 ,greek3 7,,deut ,,ei7,,some?a ,,en ,,tois ,,aga?ois ,,t\ ,,oik\ ,,s\1 ,,hagios ,o ,,naos ,,s\ ,,?auma/os ,,en ,,dikaiosyn ,,epak\son ,h,m,n ,o ,,?,,eo,s ,o ,s,t,r ,h,m,n ,h ,,elpis ,,pant,n ,t,n ,,p]at,n ,t,s ,g,s ,,kai ,t,n ,,en ,,?alass ,,mak7,,ra7,n4 7,come we w g87 9 ! good ?+s ( ?y h\se4 ,holy is ?y temple4 ,?\ art wond]ful 9 righte\sness4 ,he> u1 ,o ,god our ,savi\r2 ! hope ( all ! ends ( ! e>? & ( !m :o are af> (f ^u ! sea4 ,! lett]s enclos$ )9 curv$ brackets & ! acc5ts#ada above !m are pa9t only2 ! lett]s )9 squ>e brackets are n 9 ! inscription1 b are suppli$ :]e evid5t contractions r5d] t c\rse necess>y4 ,! rema9+ lett]s are 9 unre/or$ mosaic4 ,probably ,greek37,deut ei7 some?a is a mi/ake ( ! re/or] = ! ^w ,greek3 pl/hsome?a 9 ! orig9al text4 ',we %all be fill$ ) ! goodness 7or ! good ?+s7 ( ?y h\se4' ,?ree o!r geometrical patt]ns 9 mosaic succe$1 aft] :i* foll[s a broad wrea? ( foliage on ! out] face ( ! bema ar* & ! words3 ,greek37,,ho ,o7,,ikodom,n ,,eis ,t7,,on ,,oikon ,,s\ ,,kai7 ,,anabas9 ,,aut\1 ,,kai ,t,n ,,epangelian 7,,t\ ,,hagi\ ,,pneumatos ,,eu ,h,,mas ,,lpeisam5 ,,eis ,,to ,o7,,noma ,a7,,ut\74 ,! mosaic above ! cr[n ( ! semi-dome has be5 injur$ & re/or$ imp]fectly 9 pla/]1 pa9t1 & gilt4 ,h5ce ! l>ge black pat* 9 x :i* includes ! upp] arm ( ! cross4 ,! lett]s enclos$ )9 curv$ brackets are 9 pa9t & are manife/ly ! "w ( a re/or] :o has spoil$ ! grammatical con/ruction ( ! words & obscur$ ! mean+ ( ! inscription4 ,! rema9+ lett]s are 9 unre/or$ mosaic4 ,i v5ture to sugge/ t ! orig9al text 0 a quotation f ,amos ix4 #f1 ) possibly "s v>iations3 ,greek3 ho oikodomn eis ton ouranon anabas9 aut\ kai tn epangelian aut\ epi ts gs !melin4 ',he :o builds 8 asc5t up to ! heav5 & 8 comm& on ! f\ndations ( ! e>?4' ,! words1 ,greek3 lpeisam5 eis to onoma aut\1 'we h hop$ 9 8 "n1' may be orig9al 7,psalm xxxii4 #ba2 ,isaiah xxvi4 #h74 ,) ^! inscriptions may be comp>$ ! beautiful collect us$ at ! consecration ( a *ur*3 ,greek3 ,akol\?ia eis enka9ia na\4 ,nai ,despota ,kyrie ho ,!os ho ,str hmn1 h elpis pantn tn p]atn ts gs1 epak\son hmn tn ham>tln deom5n s\ kai katapempson to panagion s\ ,pneuma to proskynton kai pantodynam5on kai hagiason ton oikon t\ton4 ',yea1 ,"l ,god ,almighty our ,savi\r1 ! hope ( all ! ends ( ! e>?1 he> u s9n]s :5 we call ^u !e1 & s5d ?y ,holy ,_s1 ! wor%ipful & all p[]ful1 & sanctify ?is h\se4' ,bel[ ! w9d[s ( ! apse are ranges ( seats = ! cl]gy1 =m+ a slop+ gall]y1 & consi/+ ( elev5 ris]s & elev5 treads1 s t1 accord+ to ! me?od ( seat+ adopt$1 !re are five or six or elev5 r[s ( seats4 ,!re is no ve/ige ( a special episcopal seat 9 ! c5tre1 b ! /onework has be5 di/urb$2 = "s ( ! seats are built ) portions ( ! m\ld$ base ( ! m>ble revetm5t ( ! build+4 ,und]nea? ! seats runs a n>r[ semicircul> passage orig9ally well light$ ?r\gh op5+s#adb 9 ! ris] ( "o range ( seats1 & hav+ a doorway at ea* end4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,xx4 7#a7 ,s4 ,,ir5e4 ,,mosaic ,,on ,,s(fit ,,( ,,an ,,ar* ,,betwe5 ,,! ,,n>!x ,,& ,,! ,,atrium4 7#b7 ,s4 ,,ir5e4 ,,portion ,,( ,,! ,,mosaic ,,inscription ,,on ,,! ,,out] ,,ar* ,,( ,,! ,,apse4 ,to face page #if4 ,on ei!r side ( ! nave1 t[>ds ! ea/]n end ( ea* aisle1 !re is an approximately squ>e comp>tm5t cov]$ ) a domical vault1 & hav+ an op5+ communicat+ ) ! nave imm$iately to ! we/ ( ! bema4 ,to ! ea/ ( ^! comp>tm5ts /&s :at 0 ! orig9al ea/]n wall ( ! *ur*1 & 9 x1 9 ! nor? aisle1 a l>ge doorway reta9+ its ar*itrave & cornice1 is /ill f\nd4 ,( ! correspond+ doorway 9 ! s\? aisle only ! ?re%old is left4 ,^! doorways mu/ h communicat$ ) ! out] _w to ! ea/ ( ! *ur*1 l ! doorways :i* occupy a simil> position 9 ! ,/udion 7p4 #ec74 ,! nor!rn comp>tm5t _h an op5+1 :i* is /ill surm\nt$ by ar*itrave & cornice1 also 9 its nor? wall4 ,!re are1 moreov]1 f\r o!r op5+s or recesses 9 ! nor!rn wall ( ! *ur*1 & two 9 ! s\!rn4 ,! ma9 portions ( ! aisles are divid$ f ! nave by light scre5s ( columns1 ! ea/]n & we/]n portions be+ connect$ by passages driv5 ?r\gh ! dome pi]s4 ,9 ! ea/]n nave bay !re are f\r columns1 giv+ five aisle bays on ea* side4 ,! columns are v sl5d]1 )\t any base m\ld+1 & /& ^u squ>e p$e/als1 n[ fram$ r\nd ) ,turki% woodwork4 ,on op5+ "o ( ^! frames ! p$e/al 0 f\nd to be a mutilat$ & imp]fectly squ>$ block ( /one4 ,su* blocks may h s]v$ z ! core ( a m>ble l9+1 or may be damag$ mat]ial re-us$4 ,! capitals are ( ! ',pseudo-,ionic' type1 ) r\ghly cut ,ionic volutes4 ,! s9k+ on _! l[] b$ is too l>ge = ! necks ( ! columns4 ,t[>ds ! aisles !y be> ! monograms ( ,ju/9ian & ,!odora1 id5tical ) ! monograms ( ^! sov]eigns 9 ,s4 ,sophia1 :ile on ! side t[>ds ! nave !y h a cross 9 l[ relief4 ,usually monograms are plac$ 9 ! m conspicu\s position4 ,above ! capitals ! vault+ t cov]s ! aisles & supports ! gall]ies is ( an uncommon type4 ,t[>ds ! nave ! ar*es are n>r[ & rais$ ^u v high /ilts2 f ea* capital a semicircul> ar* is ?r[n across to ! out] wall1 :]e is a range ( w9d[s1 ea* ( :i* has an extrados at a slightly high] level ?an ! extrados ( ! correspond+ nave ar*2 & ?us a long n>r[ space is left betwe5 ! f\r ar*es ( ea* vault comp>tm5t t c\ld be fill$1 :olly or 9 "p1 )\t ! use ( c5t]+4 ,! result is a n>r[1 irregul>ly curv$ vault1 %ap$ to ! backs ( ea* ( its surr\nd+ ar*es1 & hav+1 9 ! ma91 ! "* ( a sph]ical fragm5t4 ,! we/]n portion ( ea* aisle is divid$ f ! nave by an irregul> arcade support$ by a pi] & "o column1 &1 consequ5tly1 !re are ?ree aisle bays to ! we/]n nave bay1 & n f\r z %[n by ,salz5burg4 ,! :ole int]ior surfaces ( ! walls1 up to ! level ( ! spr++ ( ! gall]y vault+1 & ! nave walls1 up to ! gall]y level1 7 once fac$ ) m>ble4 ,?is is prov$ by ! pres5ce 9 ! walls ( _m m>ble plugs & "s iron holdfa/s1 z well z by rema9s ( ! m\ld$ base ( ! fac+4 ,at ! ea/]n extremity ( ! aisles !re are *amb]s =m$ by walls built1 z ! v]tical /raight jo9ts & diff]5ce ( mat]ials employ$ indicate1 at v>i\s p]iods4 ,! *amb] at ! end ( ! nor!rn aisle has an ar*way1 n[ built up1 9 its ea/]n wall1 & seems to h s]v$ z a ve/ibule4 ,x is 9 ^! *amb]s t ,salz5b]g supposes ! /aircases lead+ to ! gall]ies /ood1 b x is evid5t f ! "* ( ! walls & vault+ t no su* /aircases c\ld ev] h exi/$ !re4 ,! gall]ies ext5d ov] ! n>!x & ov] ! :ole l5g? ( ! aisles4 ,access to !m is n[ obta9$ by a wood5 /aircase & l&+ ( ,turki% con/ruction1 b h[ !y 7 rea*$ 9 ,byzant9e times is n evid5t4 ,possibly ! fragm5ts ( wall on ! ext]ior face ( ! s\? wall ( ! n>!x & ! traces ( vault+ beside !m may be ! rema9s ( a /aircase4 ,or a /aircase may h /ood to ! we/ ( ! n>!x ov] ! vault+ ( ! atrium1 :]e project+ spurs ( walls appe>4 ,! vault+ ( ! gall]y ov] ! n>!x 0 orig9ally simil> to t ( ! n>!x itself1 b only ! cross-gro9$ vaults at ! corn]s are ,byzant9e2 ! ?ree c5tral comp>tm5ts are ,turki%4 ,five w9d[s 9 ! we/]n wall look$ into ! atrium1 & z _m op5+s 9 ! ea/]n wall into ! nave & side gall]ies4 ,bel[ ! =m] range is a /r+-c\rse correspond+ to t :i* runs r\nd ! int]ior ( ! build+ at gall]y level4 ,! gall]y ov] ea* aisle consi/s ( two op5 portions "u ! dome ar*es1 divid$ f ea* o!r by ! dome pi]s1 :i* are pi]c$ to connect ! diff]5t p>ts ( ! gall]y ) ea* o!r1 & ) ! gall]y ov] ! n>!x4 ,9 ! side walls !re is a range ( w9d[s at gall]y level2 five on ea* side ( ! ea/]n nave bay1 ?ree 9 ! s\? wall ( ! we/]n nave bay1 b none1 at pres5t1 9 its nor!rn wall4 ,above ^! w9d[s are two ranges ( w9d[s 9 ea* lunette "u ! dome ar*es1 a sy/em ( five & ?ree 9 ! ea/]n bay1 & ( f\r & two 9 ! we/]n bay4 ,all ^! w9d[s1 n[ squ>e-head$1 _h orig9ally semicircul> heads4 ,! lunette fill+ ! we/]n dome ar* _h d\btless a simil> w9d[ arrangem5t1 ?\gh at pres5t x has only "o w9d[4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,xxi4 7#a7 ,s4 ,,ir5e4 ,,int]ior1 ,,look+ ,,nor?-,,we/4 7#b7 ,s4 ,,ir5e4 ,,door ,,at ,,! ,,ea/ ,,end ,,( ,,! ,,nor? ,,aisle4 ,to face page #ih4 ,! ea/]n ends ( ! side gall]ies h be5 =m$ into sep>ate *amb]s s9ce ! ,turki% occupation4 ,( ! additions beyond ! orig9al ea/ wall ( ! *ur*1 t to ! nor? 0 connect$ ) ! gall]y by a tall wide ar*1 :ile t to ! s\? 0 divid$ (f f ! gall]y ) only a small door z a means ( communication4 ,! s\!rn addition 0 divid$ into two *amb]s z on ! gr\nd floor4 ,! walls above gall]y level & ! l>ge vault+ surfaces ( ! build+ are n[ cov]$ ) pla/]1 b a close exam9ation proves t if any mosaic or m>ble revetm5t ev] exi/$ above gall]y level1 none ( x1 except+ ! mosaic 9 ! apse1 rema9s4 ,look+ next at ! ext]ior ( ! build+1 x is to be obs]v$ t ! gr\nd on ! nor?1 s\?1 & ea/ has be5 rais$ z mu* z fifte5 feet4 ,9 _m places ! walls h und]gone ,turki% repair4 ,! apse %[s ?ree sides4 ,! drum ( ! dome is pi]c$ by tw5ty semicircul>-head$ w9d[s 7( :i* only five are n[ op571 & z _! ar*es & ! dome spr+ at ab\t ! same level ! heads ( ! w9d[s imp+e ^u ! dome's surface4 ,two l[ %\ld]s cov] ! ea/]n p5d5tives4 ,! plan ( ! drum is peculi>4 ,f ! %\ld]s1 j m5tion$1 to ! w9d[s1 x is a squ>e ) r\nd$ corn]s1 "o side ( ! squ>e be+ jo9$ ) & buri$ 9 ! drum ( ! we/]n dome vault2 b ^u rea*+ ! base ( ! w9d[s x becomes an accurate circle 9 plan1 & at ! spr++ ( ! w9d[ ar*es is set back1 leav+ a portion ( ! pi]s to appe> z buttresses4 ,! upp] portion ( ! drum is c>ri$ well up above ! spr++ ( ! dome1 leav+ a l>ge mass ( mat]ial prop]ly dispos$ s z to take ! ?ru/s produc$4 ,! c>eful exam9ation ( ! build+ by ,mr4 ,george has prov$ t ! fabric is n ! "w ( "o age1 b consi/s ( p>ts con/ruct$ at diff]5t p]iods4 ,= ! full evid5ce on ! subject we mu/ await ! =?com+ monograph on ! *ur*4 ,"h1 only ! ma9 results ( ,mr4 ,george's survey c be pres5t$4 ,up to ! level ( ! spr++ ( ! aisle vaults1 ! walls ( ! ma9 body ( ! build+1 except+ ! n>!x & ! additions at ! ea/ end ( ! *ur*1 are built ( l>ge well-squ>$ /ones laid 9 regul> c\rses1 & are homog5e\s ?r\gh\t4 ,above t level ! walls are built 9 alt]nate b&s ( brick & /one1 five c\rses ( brick to five c\rses ( /one be+ ! normal arrangem5t4 ,! /ones 9 ?is portion ( ! walls are small] & mu* m r\ghly squ>$ ?an ^? bel[ ! spr++ ( ! aisle vaults4 ,?is brick & /one wall+ is1 s f> z c\ld be asc]ta9$1 homog5e\s "r up to ! domical vault & ! dome4 ,z usual ! ar*es & vaults are 9 brick4 ,a po9t to be not$ is t ! recesses or op5+s 9 ! l[] "p ( ! nor? & s\? walls ( ! *ur* d n c5tre ) ! w9d[s & vault+ above !m2 sometimes1 inde$1 ! head ( an op5+ comes imm$iately bel[ a vault+ ar* or rib4 ,aga91 at ! nor?-ea/]n ext]nal angle ( ! apse ! wall up to ! level ( ! spr++ ( ! aisle vault+ is 9 /one1 b above t level 9 brick1 & ! two portions diff] 9 ! angle :i* !y subt5d4 ,evid5tly !re has be5 rebuild+ f a level co9cid+ ) ! spr++ ( ! aisle vault+4 ,project+ above ! gr\nd at ! same place is a squ>e mass ( /onework t 0 left unbuilt ^u :5 t rebuild+ took place4 ,! n>!x is built ( brick1 ) b&s ( l>ge /one at wide int]vals1 & is sep>at$ by di/9ct jo9ts f ! upp] & l[] walls ( ! body ( ! *ur*4 ,fur!rmore1 :ile ! two ea/]n bays on ea* side ( ! we/]n portion ( ! nave cont9ue & belong to ! unusual sy/em ( vault+ foll[$ 9 ! aisles1 ! bay on ea* side imm$iately adjo9+ ! n>!x belongs to ! vault+ sy/em f\nd 9 ! n>!x1 & has1 t[>ds ! nave1 an ar* precisely simil> to ! ar*es betwe5 ! nave & ! n>!x4 ,! division betwe5 ! two sy/ems is well m>k$1 bo? 9 ! nave & 9 ! aisles1 & po9ts cle>ly to ! fact t ! n>!x & ! body ( ! *ur* are ( diff]5t dates4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,xxii4 7#a7 ,s4 ,,ir5e4 ,,vault+ ,,ov] ,,! ,,s\? ,,aisle4 7#b7 ,s4 ,,ir5e4 ,a ,,comp>tm5t ,,( ,,s\? ,,aisle ,,vault+ 7#b7 7,,look+ ,,directly ,,upw>d74 ,to face page #ajj4 ,?us ! ar*itectural survey ( ! build+ %[s t ! pr9cipal p>ts ( ! fabric repres5t "w done ^u x on ?ree great occasions1 a conclusion 9 /rik+ accord ) ! in=mation already d]iv$ f hi/ory4 ,= we h se5 7p4 #hi7 t aft] ! de/ruction ( ! orig9al ,con/ant9ian *ur* by fire 9 ! ,nika ,riot1 ,ju/9ian ! ,great erect$ a new sanctu>y ^u ! old f\ndations2 t lat] 9 8 reign ano!r fire occurr$ :i* necessitat$ ! recon/ruction ( ! n>!x ( t sanctu>y2 & t "s two c5turies lat]1 t[>ds ! close ( ! reign ( ,leo ! ,isaurian1 ! *ur* 0 %ak5 by "o ( ! mo/ viol5t e>?quakes kn[n 9 ,con/ant9ople1 & subsequ5tly re/or$ probably by t emp]or or by 8 son & successor ,con/ant9e ,copronymus4 ,accord+ly1 leav+ m9or *anges out ( acc\nt1 x is safe to sugge/ t ! walls ( ! body ( ! *ur*1 up to ! spr++ ( ! aisle vaults1 belong to ! new *ur* built by ,ju/9ian aft] ! ,nika ,riot 9 #ecb2 :ile ! n>!x1 ! aisle vaults imm$iately adjo9+ x1 & ! upp] portion ( ! we/]n end ( ! s\? wall1 repres5t ! repairs made probably by ! same emp]or aft] ! injuries to ! fabric caus$ by ! fire ( #efd4 ,! e>?quake ( #gdj mu/ !re=e h %ak5 d[n or r5d]$ un/able all ! upp] "p ( ! build+1 b left /&+ ! n>!x1 ! gall]y above x1 & ! l[] "p ( ! walls ( ! *ur*4 ,consequ5tly1 ! upp] "p ( ! build+1 ! apse1 ! dome-ar*es1 ! dome-vault1 & ! dome ) its drum1 belong to ! recon/ruction ( ! *ur* aft] t e>?quake4 ,! buttresses to ! apse :]e x jo9s ! ma9 ea/]n wall are lat] additions1 & /ill lat]1 b be=e ,turki% times1 are ! %ort walls at ! nor? & s\?-ea/]n corn]s =m+ ! small ea/]n *amb]s4 ,( ! build+ erect$ by ,con/ant9e ! ,great ! only possible ve/ige is ! squ>e projection at ! nor?-ea/]n angle ( ! apse1 b t is an op9ion ^u :i* mu* /ress %\ld n be laid4 ,9 h>mony ) ^! conclusions is ! evid5ce af=d$ by ! mosaics f\nd 9 ! *ur*4 ,^? ( ! n>!x are ( ! same "* z ! mosaics 9 ,s4 ,sophia1 ,con/ant9ople1 & may well h be5 execut$ "u ,ju/9ian4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ! mosaics 9 ! apse are *>act]i/ic ( ! iconocla/ic p]iod1 ! *ief decoration !re be+ a simple cross4 ,=1 z ,f9lay#adc has rem>k$1 ,leo ! ,isaurian 'plac$ ! cross on ! rev]se ( _m ( 8 gold1 silv]1 & copp] co9s1 & ov] ! gates ( 8 palace1 z a symbol = univ]sal adoration4' ,a simil> iconocla/ic decoration & a portion ( ! same v]ses f ,psalm lxv4 =m$ ! orig9al decoration ( ! apse 9 ,s4 ,sophia1 ,salonica4 ,?us also is ! pres5ce ( capitals be>+ ! monograms ( ,ju/9ian & ,!odora expla9$1 see+ ^? sov]eigns 7 intimately connect$ ) ! *ur*4 ,& ?us also is a reason sugge/$ :y ^? monograms face ! aisles in/ead ( ! nave2 x 0 a position :i* w\ld be assign$ to !m by a lat] re/or] ( ! *ur* :o 0 oblig$ to use old mat]ial1 & at ! same "t felt anxi\s to conceal ! fact z mu* z possible1 le/ ! glory ( ! previ\s b5efactors ( ! *ur* %\ld eclipse 8 own r5[n4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,xxiii4 7#a7 ,s4 ,,ir5e4 ,,capital ,,9 ,,s\? ,,arcade1 ,,se5 ,,f ,,! ,,s\? ,,aisle4 7#b7 ,s4 ,,ir5e4 ,,base ,,( ,,column ,,9 ,,! ,,s\? ,,aisle1 ,,se5 ,,f ,,! ,,s\? ,,aisle4 ,to face page #ajb4 ,! conclusion t 9 ! pres5t build+ we h p>ts repres5t+ diff]5t p]iods solves also ! problem ( ! elliptical domical vault4 ,= x is difficult to imag9e t a ,byzant9e ar*itect ) a free h& w\ld *oose to build su* a vault4 ,b giv5 ! supports ,mr4 ,george believes 7 left /&+ aft] ! e>?quake ( #gdj1 & giv5 also ! n>!x on ! we/1 ! ar*itect's lib]ty 0 limit$1 & he w\ld be =c$ to cov] ! space ?us b\nd$ 9 ! be/ way ! circum/ances all[$4 ,h[ ! we/]n portion ( ! *ur* 0 ro($ 9 ,ju/9ian's "t x is impossible to say ) c]ta9ty4 ,!re are buttress slips 9 ! s\? wall at gall]y level & 9 ! nave bel[1 :]e ! break occurs 9 ! arcade1 t sugge/ ! exi/5ce1 9 ! *ur* z orig9ally built by ,ju/9ian1 ( a n>!x c>ry+ a gall]y4 ,9 t case ! l5g? ( ! b>rel vault ov] ! we/]n "p ( ! *ur* w\ld be ab\t ! l5g? ( ! b>rel vault ov] ! ea/]n "p1 & ! *ur* w\ld !n %[ 9 plan a regul> cross ) a dome at ! c5tre1 two lat]al doors1 "o ( :i* is n[ built up1 giv+ access to ! ends ( ! n>!x4 ,! dates "h assign$ to ! diff]5t p>ts ( ! build+ simplify ! problem ( ! tall drum bel[ ! ma9 dome4 ,t ?is c\ld h be5 built by ,ju/9ian1 z has be5 suppos$1 is difficult ( belief if ! l>ge domes :i* are kn[n to h be5 built by him are c>efully exam9$4 ,x is true t ! drum dome ( ,s4 ,sophia1 ,salonica1 has also be5 claim$ = ,ju/9ian1 b t drum is l[ & only p>tially develop$1 & al?\gh its date is n kn[n1 ! cons5sus ( op9ion is aga9/ its be+ s e>ly4 ,! :ole "q ( ! developm5t ( ! drum /ill awaits treatm5t at ! h&s ( an inve/igator :o has ?or\ghly /udi$ ! build+s !mselves1 & p]haps ! publication ( ! results obta9$ by ,mr4 ,george at ,s4 ,sophia1 ,salonica1 & ,s4 ,ir5e1 ,con/ant9ople1 two crucial examples1 w ?r[ "s light on ! subject4 ,= ! pres5t ! date "h giv5 = ! drum ( ,s4 ,ir5e 7i4e4 t[>ds ! middle ( ! eigh? c5tury7 is an inh]5tly probable "o4 ,9 ! =ego+ description ( ,s4 ,ir5e !re is no pret5ce to an exhau/ive /atem5t ( facts1 or any claim t ! conclusions rea*$ are f9al4 ,!re is /ill too mu* pla/] on ! walls to p]mit a complete exam9ation ( ! build+4 ,b ! conclusions "h sugge/$ are ^? :i* agree be/ ) ! evid5ce :i* has be5 br\ght to light by ,mr4 ,george "u pres5t circum/ances4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ca4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #cb4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #cc4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #cd4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ce4 #aah ,socrates1 ii4 c4 #f2 ,corpus juris civilis1 ,nov4 iii4 c4 #c4 #b2 ,it94 russes1 p4 #aai4 #aai ,socrates1 ii4 c4 #af4 ,s also ! au?or ( ! ,vita ,pauli ,patr4 ,c4,p4 ,! ,*ur* ( ,s4 ,ir5e1 :i* ! ,anonymus 7,b&uri1 ii4 p4 #ca7 says _h once be5 a hea!n temple1 0 ! *ur* ( ,s4 ,ir5e1 ,greek3 to p]ama4 #abj ,notitia1 regia secunda2 ,cod94 ,de a$4 p4 #gc4 #aba ,socrates1 loc4 cit4 #abb ,ibid4 #abc ,b&uri1 ii4 p4 #eb4 #abd ,socrates1 ii4 c4 #af4 #abe ,socrates1 ii4 c4 #af4 #abf ,ibid4 ii4 #ac1 #ae1 #af4 #abg ,ibid4 v4 #g4 #abh ,vita ,s4 ,/ephani ,junioris1 ,migne1 ,p4,g4 #ajj1 col4 #aadd1 ,greek3 h deut]a en ,kplei en t na ts agias ,eirns4 #abi ,!odore ,lector1 ed4 ,valesius 7#agdh71 p4 #ecc4 ,euty*ius afflict$ by ! div9e ang] w5t ,greek3 en t euagei euktri en?a pepi/eutai anapaue/hai m]os hi]n leipsann tn !spesin ,pantaleontos kai ,m>9\1 epikal\m5\ t\ top\ ,homonoia ek t\ ekei sunel?ontas t\s hekaton p5tkonta episkop\s epi ,!odosi\ t\ megal\ basiles4 ,! passage is pres]v$ 9 ,john ,damasc5e1 ,de imag9ibus1 book iii4 #acj ,notitia1 ,regio nona1 'cont9et 9 se ecclesias duas1 ,c5opolim et ,omonaeam4' #aca ,b&uri1 ii4 p4 #be4 #acb ,ad annum #dgh4 #acc ,procop4 ,de a$4 i4 c4 #b2 ,pas*4 ,*ron4 p4 #fbb4 #acd ,= ?is in=mation ,i am indebt$ to ,mr4 ,w4 ,s4 ,george4 #ace ,!oph4 p4 #cga4 #acf ,patr4 ,nicephorus1 9 ,brevi>io4 #acg ,!oph4 p4 #fcd4 #ach ,mansi1 xv4 #baa2 xvi4 p4 #ah4 ,see ,basile ,i4 p> ,alb]t ,vogt1 p4 #bjf4 #aci ,con/4 ,porphyr4 ,de c]4 p4 #ahf2 ,c$r54 ii4 pp4 #bfe1 #bge1 #big4 ,read]s ( ,russian are ref]r$ to ,d4 ,belaev4 ',! ,*ur* ( ,s4 ,ir5e & ! ,e>?quake 9 ,c4,p4 #bh ,june #ahid1' ,vizantisky ,vre95nik1 i41 ,/4 ,pet]sburg1 #ahid1 p>ts iii4-iv4 section iii4 pp4 #gfi-gih1 & ! article by ! same au?or on ! ',int]ior & ,ext]ior ,view ( ,s4 ,ir5e' 9 ! same p]iodical1 #ahie1 p>ts i1 ii4 section i4 pp4 #agg-ahc4 ,= ! ref]5ces to ^! articles ,i am indebt$ to ,mr4 ,norman ,e4 ,baynes1 "o ( our y\ng] ,byzant9e s*ol>s4 #adj ,con/4 ,porphyr4 ,de ,c]4 p4 #agi4 #ada ,only "s ( ! acc5ts are indicat$ 9 ! transcription4 #adb ,^! op5+s are n[ cov]$ ) ,turki% wood5 /ag+1 & ! passage is !re=e q d>k4 #adc ,hi/ory ( ! ,byzant9e ,empire1 p4 #cd1 ,ev]yman ,edition4 ,,*apt] ,v ,,! ,,*ur* ,,( ,s4 ,,&rew ,,9 ,,krisei1 ,,hoja ,,mu/apha ,,pa%a ,,mesj$i ,t ! old ,byzant9e *ur* n[ conv]t$ into ! mosque /yl$ ,hoja ,mu/apha ,pa%a ,mesj$i1 9 ! qu>t] ( ,juma ,baza>1 at a %ort di/ance to ! ea/ ( ! ,gate ( ,selivria 0 ! *ur* ( ,s4 ,&rew 9 ,krisei 7,greek3 ,mon t\ ,hagi\ ,&re\ en ,krisei7#add c be e/abli%$1 by ! indications :i* ,byzant9e writ]s h giv5 ( ! site ( t fam\s *ur*1 & by ! leg5d :i* is /ill associat$ ) ! mosque4 ,accord+ to ,/eph5 ( ,novgorod#ade 7c4 #acej7 ! *ur* d$icat$ to ,s4 ,&rew ( ,crete1 :o 0 buri$1 z o!r au?orities#adf in=m u1 9 ! di/rict nam$ ,krisis1 /ood at a %ort di/ance to ! nor? ( ! mona/]y ( ! ,p]ibleptos4 ,x lay1 !re=e1 to ! nor? ( ! ,arm5ian *ur* ( ,s4 ,george 7,s\l\ ,mona/ir7 9 ! qu>t] ( ,psama?ia1 :i* repres5ts ! *ur* ( ,s4 ,m>y ,p]ibleptos4 ,! mosque ,hoja ,mu/apha ,pa%a ,mesj$i lies 9 ! same direction4 ,aga91 accord+ to ,pa*ym]es1#adg ! *ur* ( ,s4 ,&rew 9 ,krisei 0 ne> ! mona/]y ( ,ari/9a4 ,t mona/]y1 ano!r au?ority /ates1#adh 0 opposite ! *ur* ( ,s4 ,mamas4 ,! *ur* ( ,s4 ,mamas 0 on ! road betwe5 ! ,/udion & ! *ur* ( ,s4 ,&rew4#adi ,h5ce ! *ur* ( ,s4 ,&rew /ood to ! nor? ( ! ,/udion1 ! situation occupi$ by ,hoja ,mu/apha ,pa%a ,mesj$i4 ,once m1 ! site ( ! mosque corresponds to ! position assign$ to ! *ur* ( ,s4 ,&rew on ! map ( ,bondelmontius 7#adbj71 to ! ea/ ( ! ,gate ( ,selivria4 ,f9ally1 ! old *ur* is m def9itely id5tifi$ by ! leg5d ( ! judicial proc$ure :i* cl+s to ! build+4 ,9 ! picturesque c\rty>d ( ! mosque1 :]e ! col\r ( ! ,ea/ is /ill ri* & vivid1 !re /&s an old cypress tree ar\nd ^: b>e & )]$ bran*es a sl5d] iron *a9 is entw9$ l ! skeleton ( "s ext9ct s]p5t4 ,z tradition w\ld h x1 ! *a9 0 once end[$ ) ! gift ( judgm5t1 & 9 cases ( dispute c\ld indicate :i* ( ! p>ties conc]n$ told ! tru?4 ,"o day a ,jew :o _h borr[$ money f a ,turk1 on be+ summon$ to pay 8 debt1 repli$ t he _h done s already4 ,to t /atem5t ! ,turk gave ! lie direct1 & accord+ly1 debtor & cr$itor 7 br\ght to ! *a9 = ! settlem5t ( ! "q at issue4 ,be=e submitt+ to ! ordeal1 h[ev]1 ! ,jew plac$ a cane into ! h&s ( ! ,turk1 & !n /ood "u ! cypress confid5t t 8 hon\r = tru?fulness & hone/y w\ld be v9dicat$4 ,8 expectation prov$ correct1 = ! *a9 t\*$ 8 head to intimate t he _h return$ ! money he ow$4 ,:]eupon tak+ back 8 cane he left ! sc5e 9 triumph4 ,lit]ally1 ! v]dict accord$ ) fact2 = ! cane :i* ! ,jew _h h&$ to 8 cr$itor 0 holl[ & conta9$ ! sum due to ! latt]4 ,b ! v]dict display$ su* a lack ( insight1 & involv$ s gross a misc>riage ( ju/ice1 t f t day =? ! *a9 lo/ its reputation & has hung ev] s9ce a di%on\r$ oracle on ! dead arms ( ! cypress1 l a crim9al on a gibbet4 ,al?\gh ?is tale _c be trac$ to its ,byzant9e s\rce1 x is manife/ly an e*o ( ! r5[n :i* ! prec9cts ( ! mosque once enjoy$ z a ?rone ( judgm5t be=e ,turki% times1 & s]ves to prove t ,hoja ,mu/apha ,pa%a ,mesj$i is inde$ ! old *ur* ( ,s4 ,&rew 9 ,krisei4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,xxiv4 ,s4 ,,&rew ,,9 ,,krisei4 ,,ea/ ,,end4 7,f a ,photograph by ,a4 ,e4 ,h5d]son1 ,esq47 ,to face page #ajf4 ,! e>lie/ ref]5ce to ! locality kn[n z ,krisis occurs 9 ! n>rative ( ! m>tyrdom ( ,s4 ,&rew ( ,crete giv5 by ,symeon ,metaphra/es1#aej :o fl\ri%$ 9 ! latt] "p ( ! n9? c5tury4 ,a devot$ iconodule1 ,s4 ,&rew1 came f 8 native isl& to ,con/ant9ople1 9 ! reign ( ,con/ant9e ,copronymus 7#gdj-gge71 expressly to rebuke ! emp]or = oppos+ ! use ( eikons 9 religi\s wor%ip4 ,z might h be5 anticipat$1 ! zeal & c\rage ( ! sa9t only incurr$ cruel & insult+ treatm5t1 & at l5g? a m>tyr's dea?4 ,=1 :ile 8 p]secutors 7 dragg+ him "o day along ! /reets ( ! city 9 d]ision1 a half-witt$ fi%]man /abb$ him dead ) a knife4 ,s /rong 0 ! feel+ preval5t at ! "t aga9/ ! *ampion ( ! cause ( eikons t 8 body 0 flung among ! corpses ( murd]]s & ?ieves2 b ev5tually 8 admir]s succe$$ 9 remov+ x f its f\l surr\nd+s & buri$ x '9 a sacr$ place :i* 0 nam$ ,krisis' 7,greek3 eis h5a hi]on topon ho hopoios epnomazeto ,krisis74#aea ,x is evid5t f ?is /atem5t t ! "n ,krisis 0 appli$ to ! locality be=e ! int]m5t ( ,s4 ,&rew !re2 h[ long be=e1 x is impossible to say1 b probably f e>ly times4 ,! body ( ! m>tyr 0 laid 9 or beside "o ( ! two *ur*es d$icat$ to sa9ts also nam$ ,s4 ,&rew1 :i* /ood on ! ,sev5? ,hill ( ! city already 9 ! six? c5tury4#aeb ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,xxv4 7#a7 ,s4 ,,&rew ,,9 ,,krisei1 ,,f ,,! ,,s\?-,,we/4 7#b7 ,s4 ,,&rew ,,9 ,,krisei4 ,,! ,,int]ior1 ,,look+ ,,s\?4 ,to face page #ajh4 ,,note ,"o ( ^! *ur*es 0 d$icat$ to ,s4 ,&rew ! ,apo/le1 & /ood 'ne> ! column1' ,greek3 plsion t\ /yl\2#aec ! o!r to ,s4 ,&rew1 n o!rwise id5tifi$1 0 ne> ! ,gate ( ,saturn9us1 ,greek3 plsion ts portas t\ ,sat\rn9\4#aed ,x is difficult to decide :i* *ur* is repres5t$ by ! mosque4 ,= !re 7 two columns on ! ,sev5? ,hill ( ! city3 ! ,column ( ,con/ant9e ! ,great1 :i* /ood outside ! city b\nds1 giv+ "n to ! extra-mural di/rict ( ! ,exokionion n[ ,alti ,m]m]2 & ! ,column ( ,arcadius n[ ,avret ,ta%4 ,nor c ! position ( ! ,gate ( ,saturn9us be det]m9$ m accurately ?an t x 0 an entrance 9 ! portion ( ! ,con/ant9ian ,walls :i* trav]s$ ! ,sev5? ,hill1 ! ,x]olophos ( ,byzant9e days4 ,on ! :ole1 h[ev]1 ! indications fav\r ! view t ,hoja ,mu/apha ,pa%a ,mesj$i repres5ts ! *ur* ( ,s4 ,&rew ne> ! ,gate ( ,saturn9us4 ,a *ur* 9 t position1 ?\gh outside ! ,con/ant9ian =tification1 0 /ill s ne> !m t x c\ld be1 v appropriately1 describ$ z ne> "o ( ! city gates4 ,aga9 ! ,russian pilgrims#aee :o visit$ ! %r9es ( ,con/ant9ople 9 ! second qu>t] ( ! fifte5? c5tury f\nd two *ur*es d$icat$ to ,s4 ,&rew 9 ?is "p ( ! city1 "o to ,s4 ,&rew ! ,/rategos1 ! o!r to ,s4 ,&rew 'mad ) ! love ( ,god' 7',god-intoxicat$'74 ,9 proce$+ nor?w>ds f ! *ur* ( ,s4 ,diom$1 :i* /ood ne> ! ,gold5 ,gate 7,y$i ,k\l71 ! ,russian visitor rea*$ fir/ ! sanctu>y d$icat$ to ,s4 ,&rew ! ,/rategos1 & !n ! *ur* d$icat$ to ,s4 ,&rew ! ',god-intoxicat$1' :i* lay /ill f>!r to ! nor?4 ,b ?is ord] 9 ! positions ( ! two *ur*es implies t ,hoja ,mu/apha ,pa%a ,mesj$i repres5ts ! *ur* ( ,s4 ,&rew ! ,/rategos1 a m>tyr ( ! f\r? c5tury1 viz4 ! *ur* :i* ! docum5ts ( ! six? c5tury describe z ne> ! ,gate ( ,saturn9us1 )\t specify+ by :at title its patron sa9t 0 di/+ui%$4 ,?is agrees1 moreov]1 ) :at is kn[n reg>d+ ! site ( ! *ur* ( ,s4 ,&rew ! ,apo/le4 ,x /ood to ! we/ ( ! ci/]n ( ,mokius1#aef ! l>ge ru9$ ,byzant9e res]voir1 n[ ,t*\k\r ,bo/an1 to ! nor? ( ,hoja ,mu/apha ,pa%a ,mesj$i4 ,! *ur* does n appe> aga9 9 hi/ory1 "u ! designation ,greek3 en krisei1 until ! reign ( ,&ronicus ,,ii4 7#abhb-acbh71 :5 x 0 f\nd1 l s _m o!r *ur*es :i* surviv$ ! ,lat9 occupation ( ! city1 9 a /ate dem&+ ext5sive repair4 ,x 0 !n embelli%$ & enl>g$ by ! protove/i>issa ,!odora1#aeg a lady :o occupi$ a prom95t position 9 ! society ( ! day1 bo? z ! emp]or's c\s91 & on acc\nt ( h] accompli%m5ts & "*4 ,9 h] e>ly y\? %e 0 m>ri$ to ,george ,muzalon1#aeh ! fav\rite c\nsellor & tru/$ fri5d ( ,!odore ,,ii4 ,ducas ( ,nicaea4 ,:at confid5ce ,muzalon enjoy$ may be inf]r$ f ! fact t he 0 associat$ ) ! ,patri>* ,ars5ius z gu>dian ( ! emp]or's son1 ,john ,lasc>is1 :5 left ! heir to ! ?rone ( ,nicaea1 z a *ild eight ye>s old4#aei ,_h ,muzalon n met ) an untimely end he might h become ! colleague ( 8 w>d1 & ,!odora might h worn ! imp]ial cr[n4 ,! tragic murd] ( h] husb& by 8 political oppon5ts1 :ile celebrat+ ! obsequies ( ! ,emp]or ,!odore1 provok$ a t]rible outbur/ ( indignation & grief on h] "p1#afj & s vehem5t 0 h] condemnation ( ! crim9als t h] uncle1 ! trea*]\s ,mi*ael ,palaeologus1 ?reat5$ %e w\ld %>e h] husb&'s fate if %e did n control h] feel+s4#afa ,aft] ! accession ( ,mi*ael ,palaeologus to ! ?rone1 h] h& 0 be/[$ on ! protove/i>ius ,ra\l1 & h5ce %e is g5]ally kn[n by 8 "n & title z ,ra\la9a ! protove/i>issa 7,greek3 h ,rha\la9a prtobe/i>issa74 ,"o ( h] beautiful daught]s became ! wife ( ,con/ant9e ,palaeologus1 ! ill-fat$ bro!r ( ,&ronicus ,,ii4 ,b1 z already /at$1 ,!odora 0 n only highly connect$4 ,l _m noble ladies 9 ,byzant9e society1 %e cultivat$ le>n+1#afb & took a deep int]e/ 9 ! !ological discussions & ecclesia/ical affairs ( h] day4 ,%e 0 a devot$ adh]5t ( ! p>ty atta*$ to ! p]son & memory ( ! ,patri>* ,ars5ius2 ! p>ty t nev] =gave ,mi*ael ,palaeologus = bl9d+ ! "y ,john ,lasc>is & robb+ him ( ! ?rone1 ! p>ty t oppos$ ! subjection ( ! ,ea/]n ,*ur* to ! ,papal ,see1 & :i* ma9ta9$ ! fre$om ( ! ,*ur* f ! political int]f]5ce ( ! emp]or4 ,:atev] its faults1 t p>ty c]ta9ly repres5t$ ! be/ moral life ( ! p]iod4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,xxvi4 7#a7 ,s4 ,,&rew ,,9 ,,krisei4 ,,capital ,,9 ,,! ,,inn] ,,n>!x4 7#b7 ,s4 ,,&rew ,,9 ,,krisei4 ,,capital ,,9 ,,! ,,arcade ,,"u ,,! ,,we/ ,,dome ,,ar*4 ,to face page #aaj4 ,to heal ! s*ism caus$ by ! attitude ( ! ,ars5ites '0 ! s]i\s lab\r ( ! ,*ur* & ,/ate' = half a c5tury4 ,& 9 pursuance ( ! policy ( conciliation1 ,&ronicus ,,ii4 all[$ ! body ( ,ars5ius to be br\ght to ,con/ant9ople f ! isl& ( ,proconessus1 :]e he _h di$ 9 exile & be5 buri$4 ,! :ole city ga!r$ to welcome ! rema9s ( ! v5]at$ prelate1 & saw !m borne 9 solemn & /ately procession f ! l&+ at ! ,gate ( ,eug5ius 7,yali ,kiosk7 to ! *ur* ( ,s4 ,sophia4 ,!re1 rob$ 9 pontifical ve/m5ts1 ! body 0 fir/ seat$ ^u ! patri>*al ?rone1 !n laid be=e ! alt>1 :ile ! fun]al s]vice 0 inton$1 & f9ally plac$ on ! "r h& ( ! bema 9 a *e/ lock$ & seal$ = safe keep+4 ,once a week1 h[ev]1 ! body 0 expos$ to public view1 & all /rife seem$ hu%$ 9 a common devotion to ! memory ( ! sa9t4 ,x 0 soon aft] ?is ev5t t ,!odora re/or$ ! *ur* & mona/]y ( ,s4 ,&rew1 & ^u ! completion ( ! "w %e bes\ght ! emp]or to all[ ! rema9s ( ,ars5ius to be transf]r$ to t %r9e4 ,! reque/ 0 grant$1 & ! body 0 c>ri$ to ! *ur* ( ,/4 ,&rew ) z great pomp & c]emony z att5d$ its arrival 9 ! capital4 ,!re x 0 kept until ! patri>*ate ( ,niphon 7#acaa-acad71 :5 x 0 aga9 tak5 to ,s4 ,sophia to appe> 9 ! f9al conclusion ( peace betwe5 ! fri5ds & foes ( ! deceas$4#afc ,/&+ beside ! rema9s1 ,niphon pron\nc$1 9 ! "n & by ! au?ority ( ! dead man1 a g5]al absolution = all (f5ces committ$ 9 connection ) ! qu>rels :i* _h rag$ ar\nd ! "n ( ,ars5ius2 & s long z ,s4 ,sophia cont9u$ to be a ,*ri/ian sanctu>y ! rema9s 7 c\nt$ among ! great treasures ( ! ca!dral4 ',!re1' to quote ! words ( a dev\t visitor %ortly be=e ! ,turki% conque/1 'is f\nd ! body ( ! holy patri>* ,ars5ius1 ^: body1 /ill intact1 p]=ms _m miracles4'#afd ,dur+ ! clos+ ye>s ( h] life ,!odora made ! mona/]y or conv5t ( ,s4 ,&rew 9 ,krisei h] home4#afe ,to retire ?us f ! tr\bl$ sea ( secul> life to ! hav5 ( a mona/]y1 & !re prep>e = ! voyage beyond e>?ly sc5es1 0 a common practice 9 ! fa%ionable _w ( ! m5 & wom5 ( ,byzant9e days4 ,& x 0 natural = a weal?y travell] to leave at ! port ( call "s spl5did tok5 ( devotion & gratitude4 ,! protove/i>issa 0 /ill an inmate ( ! mona/]y 9 #abhi1 :5 h] fri5d ! ,patri>* ,gregory1 to :om %e 0 b\nd by _m ties1 0 compell$ to resign4#aff ,he 0 "o ( ! mo/ le>n$ m5 ( 8 "t & took an active "p 9 ! ef=ts to reconcile ! ,ars5ites4 ,x 0 dur+ 8 t5ure ( (fice t ! body ( ,ars5ius 0 br\ght to ! capital1 & subsequ5tly transf]r$ f ,s4 ,sophia to ! *ur* ( ,s4 ,&rew2 he also oppos$ ! union ( ! ,*ur*es1 & 9 ! controv]sy reg>d+ ! ',procession ( ! ,holy ,gho/' :i* divid$ ,*ri/5dom1 he vigor\sly def5d$ ! doctr9e ( ! ,greek ,communion aga9/ ,veccus1 :o *ampion$ ! ,lat9 ,cre$4 ,/rongly atta*$ to h] fri5ds1 & quick to res5t any inju/ice to !m1 ,!odora came =w>d 9 ! h\r ( ! patri>*'s disgrace & (f]$ him a refuge 9 ! mona/]y ( ,ari/9a1 :i* /ood1 z we h se51 ne> ! *ur* ( ,s4 ,&rew & 9 ! imm$iate neighb\rhood ( h] own resid5ce4#afg ,x 0 a =tunate arrangem5t1 = ,gregory soon fell s]i\sly ill & requir$ all ! sympa?y & g5]\s k9dness :i* ,!odora 0 able to ext5d to him4#afh ,^u 8 dea?1 t5 %ort mon?s aft] 8 retirem5t1 ,!odora det]m9$ to %[ aga9 h] admiration = ! man & 8 "w by hon\r+ 8 memory ) a fun]al befitt+ ! position he _h held 9 ! ,*ur*4 ,%e 0 prev5t$ f c>ry+ out h] int5tion only by ! p]emptory & reit]at$ comm&s ( ! emp]or1 t ,gregory %\ld be buri$ z a private p]son4#afi ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,xxvii4 7#a7 ,s4 ,,&rew ,,9 ,,krisei4 ,,capital ,,9 ,,! ,,out] ,,n>!x4 7#b7 ,s4 ,,&rew ,,9 ,,krisei4 ,,capital ,,9 ,,! ,,out] ,,n>!x4 7,f a ,photograph by ,a4 ,e4 ,h5d]son41 ,esq47 ,to face page #aab4 ,aft] ! dea? ( ,!odora we h only occasional glimpses ( ! *ur* & mona/]y4 ,9 #acej ,/eph5 ( ,novgorod came 'to kiss' ! relics ( ,s4 ,&rew ( ,crete1 & describes ! conv5t z 'v beautiful4'#agj ,once1 at lea/1 a si/] prov$ too frail = h] vocation2#aga sometimes a dev\t & weal?y inmate1 su* z ,!ognosia1#agb w\ld provide an end[m5t to enable poor girls to become h] heirs 9 religion2 or ! si/]hood 0 vex$ by ! di%one/y ( p>ties :o _h r5t$ ! l&s f :i* ! conv5t d]iv$ its rev5ues4#agc ,t[>ds ! end ( its ,byzant9e p]iod ano!r ,russian pilgrim#agd came to hon\r ! rema9s ( ,s4 ,&rew ! ,/rategos1 & br+ ! ,*ri/ian hi/ory ( ! *ur* to a close4 ,x 0 conv]t$ into a mosque by ,mu/apha ,pa%a1 ,gr& ,vizi] 9 ! reign ( ,selim ,i4 7#aeab-aebj74age ,! cu/om ( illum9at+ ! m9>ets ( ! mosques on ! eve ( ! ,prophet's bir?day 0 introduc$ fir/ at ?is mosque4#agf ,ar*itectural ,features ,on acc\nt ( ! s]i\s *anges made 9 ! build+ & its surr\nd+s :5 x became a mosque1 & aft] ! e>?quake ( #agfe1 its real "* is n imm$iately app>5t4 ,! pres5t entrance is 9 ! nor!rn side1 :]e a f9e ,turki% arcade has be5 erect$4 ,! mihrab is on ! s\? side1 a great] *ange = ! correct ori5tation ( a mosque ?an is usually necess>y 9 ! adaptation ( a *ur* to ! requirem5ts ( a sanctu>y 9 :i* ! wor%ipp]s turn t[>ds ,mecca4 ,to ! ea/ a hall has be5 add$ = ! accommodation ( wom5 :o att5d ! s]vices2 :ile on ! we/ is ano!r hall1 :]e ! d]vi%es ( ! ,tek atta*$ to ! mosque hold _! meet+s4 ,! nor? aisle also has be5 mu* alt]$ & is cov]$ ) ,turki% domes4 ,! fir/ impression produc$ by ! int]ior ( ! build+ is t we h "h a *ur* on ! trefoil plan1 simil> to ,s4 ,m>y ( ! ,mongols 7p4 #bgb7 or ,s4 ,elias ( ,salonica1 = ! c5tral area is flank$ by two semi-domes1 :i* ) ! ea/]n apse =m a lob$ plan at ! vault+ level4 ,a clos] exam9ation ( ! build+1 h[ev]1 w prove t we are deal+ ) a /ructure ^: orig9al features h be5 conceal$ by ext5sive ,turki% alt]ations1 & t ! trefoil =m is a sup]ficial disguise4 ,! ar*es support+ ! c5tral dome on ! nor? & s\? sides are fill$ 9 ) semi-domes :i* re/ on ar*es ?r[n diagonally across ! 'aisles' on ea* side ( ! c5tral dome4 ,^! ar*es are v clumsily set to ! sides ( an irregul> hexagon1 ) ! c5tral wall ar* mu* l>g] ?an ! side ar*es4 ,!y h no responds1 & h e appe>ance ( be+ make%ifts4 ,! ea/]n dome ar* is prolong$ into a b>rel-vault$ bema1 flank$ by %all[ ni*es lead+ to ! pro!sis & diaconicon1 & beyond ! bema is ! semicircul> apse4 ,only ! diaconicon n[ rema9s1 cov]$ by a cross-gro9$ vault1 & its apse pi]c$ by a door lead+ to ! hall ( ! ,tek4 ,! place ( ! pro!sis has be5 tak5 by a simil> door & a small ,turki% dome4 ,! we/]n dome ar* is fill$ 9 ) a triple arcade re/+ on two m>ble columns ) f9ely c>v$ cubical capitals4 ,above ! arcade is a gr\p ( ?ree w9d[s ^: heads are circul> on ! inside1 b po9t$ on ! outside4 ,to ! we/ ( ?is arcade is an oblong passage correspond+ to ! 'inn] n>!x' ( ,s4 ,!odosia4 ,x is 9 ?ree bays4 ,! c5tral long bay is b>rel-vault$2 ! two out] bays op5 into ! nor? & s\? 'aisles'2 ! bay to ! nor? is cov]$ by a ,turki% dome1 :ile t to ! s\? has a cross-gro9$ vault :i* seems to be orig9al4 ,beyond ?is to ! we/ is ! out] n>!x1 a f9e piece ( "w1 &1 f ! "* ( its details1 ( ! same p]iod z ! we/]n dome arcade4 ,x is 9 five bays4 ,! ?ree c5tral bays correspond to ! 'inn] n>!x'2 ! middle bay is cov]$ by a l[ sauc] dome on p5d5tives1 & is sep>at$ f ! two side bays by columns set aga9/ flat pila/]s4 ,! latt] bays are cov]$ by gro9$ vaults spr++ f ! impo/s ( ! capitals1 :i* are ( ! ,byzant9e ,ionic type1 ) high c>v$ impo/s4 ,!y resemble ! capitals 9 ! gall]y ( ,,ss4 ,s]gius & ,bac*us1 & are wor?y ( p>ticul> notice4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,xxviii4 7#a7 ,s4 ,,&rew ,,9 ,,krisei4 ,,out] ,,n>!x4 7#b7 ,s4 ,,&rew ,,9 ,,krisei4 ,,inn] ,,n>!x1 ,,look+ ,,s\?4 ,to face page #aad4 ,! two out] bays are sep>at$ f ! c5tral comp>tm5t ( ?ree bays by /rongly project+ pila/]s4 ,!y are cov]$ by l[ sauc] domes simil> to ! dome ov] ! c5tral bay1 & communicate on ! ea/ ) ! 'aisles4' ,bo? out] & inn] n>!xes are 9 "o /ory1 above :i* rise ! w9d[s ( ! we/]n dome ar* & ! semi-domes on nor? & s\?4 ,turn+ n[ to ! ext]ior1 ! s\? wall is ! only out] wall :i* is expos$ at ! gr\nd level4 ,x is fac$ ) f9ely dress$ & poli%$ /one1 ) ?9 jo9ts1 no tiles1 & a /one-m\ld$ cornice4 ,! w9d[s are cov]$ ) f\r c5tr$ ,turki% ar*es & are evid5t ins]tions4 ,above ! /one cornice rise ! l[ drums ( ! semi-domes4 ,^!1 z well z ! squ>e base ( ! dome & ! dome itself1 are fac$ ) poli%$ /one alt]nat+ ) c\rses ( ?ree bricks set 9 ?ick b$s ( mort>4 ,! angles are pla91 )\t %afts1 & ! drums1 dome base1 & dome are cr[n$ ) /one cornices m\ld$ to a rev]s$ ogee4 ,! nor? & s\? semi-domes are ea* pi]c$ by ?ree l>ge w9d[s1 :i* on ! int]ior cut ?r\gh ! curv$ surface ( ! domes1 & on ! ext]ior appe> z dorm]s 9 ! ro( above ! cornice4 ,accord+ly !y are d\ble glaz$1 ) "o glaz$ frame on ! inside correspond+ to ! curv$ dome surface1 & a second upright glaz$ frame on ! outside4 ,! ro(s are cov]$ ) lead4 ,! c5tral dome is circul> inside1 ) a high drum pi]c$ by eight w9d[s4 ,on ! outside x is octagonal1 ) a w9d[ on ea* side4 ,^! h circul> ar*$ heads1 b h no m\ld+1 %aft1 or inset to ei!r ar*es or sides4 ,! dome is cr[n$ by a m\ld$ /one cornice ( ! same type z t ( ! o!r walls4 ,9 attempt+ to recon/ruct ! orig9al =m ( ! *ur* we may fir/ note ^? features :i* are evid5tly ,turki%4 ,none ( ! ext]ior masonry is ,byzant9e1 z ! use ( poli%$ a%l> ) f9e jo9ts1 ( po9t$ ar*es1 & ( m\ld$ /one cornices cle>ly proves4 ,! abs5ce ( %afts at ! angles ( ! dome drums & ! unrecess$ w9d[s are additional pro(s ( ?is fact1 & we may conclude t ! entire ext]ior 0 refac$ 9 ,turki% times4 ,! diagonal ar*es "u ! nor? & s\? semi-domes are peculi>4 ,fur!rmore1 9 lob$ ,byzant9e *ur*es ! lat]al apses project beyond ! squ>e out] walls4 ,"h !y are conta9$ )9 ! walls4#agg ,nor are ! semi-domes !mselves ,byzant9e 9 "*4 ,! l>ge w9d[s 9 ! dome surface & ! lead-cov]$ dorm]s plac$ above ! flat m\ld$ cornice betray a ,turki% h&2 = w9d[s 9 ! dome are univ]sal 9 ! great ,turki% mosques1 & ! me?od ( protect+ !m on ! ext]ior ) wood5 dorm]s is q =eign to ,byzant9e ideas4 ,! =m ( ! drums & cornices %\ld be comp>$ ) ! m9or domes ( ! mosque ( ,sultan ,bayazid4 ,a c>eful exam9ation ( ! build+ has l$ to ! foll[+ conclusions4 ,! lat]al semi-domes ) _! support+ ar*es are a ,turki% addition4 ,! c5tral dome1 includ+ ! drum1 is probably entirely ,turki%1 & takes ! place ( an orig9al ribb$ dome4 ,! two ea/]nmo/ domes 9 ! nor? 'aisle' & ^? ov] ! inn] n>!x & ! pro!sis are also ,turki%1 &1 z already /at$1 ! ext]ior ( ! entire build+4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ! ea/]n apse1 ! dome ar*es1 ! arcade1 & ! w9d[s above x on ! we/ side ( ! dome1 ! inn] n>!x ) ! gr\nd vault to ! s\? ( x1 & ! entire out] n>!x1 are p>ts ( ! orig9al build+1 dat+ probably f ! six? or sev5? c5tury4 ,x %\ld be p>ticul>ly notic$ t ! w9d[s ov] ! we/]n dome arcade are circul>-head$ inside1 ?\gh !y h be5 provid$ ) po9t$ heads on ! outside 9 ! process ( refac+4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,xxix4 7#a7 ,s4 ,,&rew ,,9 ,,krisei4 ,,9 ,,! ,,cloi/] ,,on ,,! ,,s\? ,,side ,,( ,,! ,,*ur*1 ,,look+ ,,ea/4 7#b7 ,s4 ,,&rew ,,9 ,,krisei4 ,,! ,,*a9 ,,on ,,! ,,)]$ ,,tree ,,9 ,,! ,,c\rt ,,on ,,! ,,we/ ,,( ,,! ,,*ur*4 ,to face page #aaf4 ,if we /& 9 ! nor!rn lat]al apse & face ! mihrab ! reason = ! alt]ations is evid5t4 ,! orig9al ,*ri/ian ori5tation is ignor$1 & ! apses1 9 place ( be+ lat]al1 are t]m9al4 ,to ! left is ! old apse left unalt]$2 to ! "r1 ! orig9al fill+ ( ! dome ar* =ms a 'nave-arcade' simil> to t ( ! mosque ( ,sultan ,bayazid2 :ile by means ( ! additional apses ! build+ has be5 conv]t$ into a m9iature imp]ial mosque ( ! ,s4 ,sophia type1 a di/9ctly clev] piece ( ,turki% alt]ation4 ,9 its orig9al =m ! c5tral dome 0 surr\nd$ by an 'ambulatory' ( "o /ory =m$ by ! aisles & 'inn] n>!x4' ,su* a plan is common to bo? ! dom$ basilica type & ! dom$ cross type1 ! diff]5ce dep5d+ ^u ! treatm5t ( ! cross arms above4 ,9 bo? types1 h[ev]1 ! side dome ar*es are inv>iably fill$ 9 ) arcades simil> to t fill+ 9 ! we/]n ar* ( ,s4 ,&rew4 ,we are !re=e ju/ifi$ 9 re/or+ su* arcades "h4 ,! type ?us re/or$ diff]s f ! dom$ cross *ur* 9 t ! cross arms d n ext5d to ! out] walls1 & f ! dom$ basilica 9 t ! we/]n dome ar* is treat$ 9 a simil> mann] to ! lat]al ar*es4 ,to ?is type ! t]m 'ambulatory *ur*' may be appli$4 ,adjo9+ ! we/ end ( ! *ur* is ! f9e cloi/] ( ! ,tek ( d]vi%es1 probably on ! l9es ( ! old mona/]y4 ,all ! columns ar\nd ! c\rt are ,byzant9e1 & "o ( !m be>s ! inscription3 ! 7column7 (1 ,!ophane--,greek3 h ts ,!phans 7,fig4 #fi74 ,9 ! s\? wall is built a beautiful ,byzant9e doorway hav+ jambs & l9tel decorat$ on ! face ) a broad und]cut scroll ( flat leaves & f\r-petall$ fl[]s1 runn+ betwe5 two r[s ( egg & d>t1 :ile on ! intrados are two b&s ( floral ornam5ts sep>at$ by a bead m\ld+4 ,"o ( ! b&s is cle>ly a v9e scroll4 ,! me?od employ$ "h1 ( jo9+ leaves to a c5tre s z to =m spiral rosettes1 is f\nd also on "s ( ! small capitals 9 ,s4 ,sophia4 ,simil> rosettes appe> 9 ! decoration ( ! doorway to ! ,holy ,sepul*re on ! ivory 9 ! ,trivulce collection at ,milan4#agh ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #cf4--,,! ,,*ur* ,,( ,s4 ,,&rew ,,9 ,,krisei 7,,re/or$ ,,plan74 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,xxx4 ,s4 ,,&rew ,,9 ,,krisei4 ,,! ,,decorat$ ,,doorway ,,9 ,,! ,,cloi/]4 ,to face page #aah4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #cg4 ,illu/ration3 ,,figs4 #ch ,,& #ci4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #dj4 #add ,pa*ym4 ii4 pp4 #ce1 #abc4 #ade ,it94 russes1 p4 #abb4 #adf ,synax41 ,octob] #ag4 #adg ,pa*ym4 ii4 p4 #acc4 #adh ,typicon ( ,george ,kappodokes1 quot$ by ! late lam5t$ ,pre ,j4 ,p>goire 9 8 ma/]ly article on ! ',suburb & ! ,*ur*es ( ,s4 ,mamas1' publi%$ 9 ! ,proce$+s ( ! ,in/itut ar*ologique russe ,con/ant9ople1 vol4 ix4 fasc4 #a1 #cb1 #aijd4 ,9 t article ! writ] demon/rates ! errone\sness ( ! commonly receiv$ op9ion1 ma9ta9$1 ,i regret1 also 9 ,byzant9e ,con/ant9ople1 pp4 #hi-ij1 t ! suburb ( ,s4 ,mamas 0 situat$ ne> ,ey\b to ! we/ ( ! ,bla*]nae qu>t]4 ,pre ,p>goire proves t ! suburb /ood on ! ,european %ore ( ! ,bosporus ne> ,be%ikta%4 ,he also %[s t ! *ur* ( ,s4 ,mamas1 ne> ! ,gate ,xylok]k\1 /ood )9 ! l&w>d walls1 some:]e betwe5 ! ,/udion & ,s4 ,&rew 9 ,krisei4 ,cf4 ,it9raires russes1 p4 #ajb4 #adi ,! ,anonymus 7,b&uri1 iii4 p4 #ed47 places ,s4 ,mamas1 ,greek3 ta ,xylok]k\1 )9 ! city1 betwe5 ! mona/]y ( ,ga/ria & t ( ,s4 ,savi\r 9 ! ,*ora4 ,! suburb ( ,s4 ,mamas he places 7ut supra1 pp4 #eg-eh7 outside ! city betwe5 ,galata & ! ,diplokionion 7,be%ikta%74 ,?is is only "o pro( ( ! correctness ( ,pre ,p>goire's position4 ,see ,p>goire1 ut supra4 #aej ,migne1 ,patr4 ,graec4 tom4 #aae1 ,m5sis ,octobr4 p4 #aabh4 #aea ,synax41 ,octob] #ag4 #aeb ,mansi1 ,sacrorum conciliorum nova et amplissima collectio1 viii4 p4 #hhb4 #aec ,mansi1 ,sacrorum conciliorum nova et amplissima collectio1 viii4 p4 #ijf4 #aed ,it94 russes1 p4 #bcb4 #aee ,ibid4 #aef ,!oph4 ,cont4 p4 #cbc4 #aeg ,pa*ym4 ii4 p4 #he2 ,niceph4 ,greg4 i4 pp4 #afg1 #agh4 #aeh ,niceph4 ,greg4 i4 pp4 #afg1 #afh4 #aei ,pa*ym4 i4 p4 #ci4 #afj ,ibid4 pp4 #ee-fc4 #afa ,ibid4 i4 p4 #ajh4 #afb ,niceph4 ,greg4 i4 p4 #agh4 #afc ,niceph4 ,greg4 i4 p4 #bfb4 #afd ,it94 russes1 p4 #bbf2 cf4 pp4 #aag1 #ace1 #afa1 #bja4 #afe ,pa*ym4 ii4 p4 #acb4 #aff ,ibid4 ut supra4 #afg ,pa*ym4 ii4 p4 #acc2 ,niceph4 ,greg4 p4 #agh4 ,accord+ to ! latt] hi/orian1 ,!odora erect$ a special resid5ce = ,gregory ne> h] mona/]y4 #afh ,pa*ym4 ut supra4 #afi ,pa*ym4 ut supra1 p4 #aeb4 #agj ,it94 russes1 p4 #abb4 #aga ,miklosi* et ,mll]1 i4 p4 #edh1 ye> #acga4 #agb ,ibid4 ii4 p4 #cec1 ye> #adjj4 #agc ,ibid4 ii4 p4 #ejf1 ye> #adja4 #agd ,it94 russes1 p4 #bcb4 #age ,paspates1 ,greek3 ,byzant9ai ,meletai1 p4 #cai4 #agf ,ibid4 p4 #cbj4 #agg ,e4g4 ,s4 ,elias1 ,salonica2 ,*ur*es on ,mt4 ,a?os2 ,s4 ,m>y ( ! ,mongols1 ,con/ant9ople4 ,see plan1 p4 #bgi4 #agh ,see figure #bf 9 ,diehl's ,manuel d'art byzant91 p4 #gd4 ,t au?or 7pp4 #cac-ad7 assigns ! *ur* ( ,s4 ,&rew to ! sev5? c5tury1 b recognizes 9 x also features ( ! six? c5tury4 ,,*apt] ,,vi ,,! ,,*ur* ,,( ,s4 ,,m>y 7,,pana*rantos7 ,,( ,,lips1 ,,ph5] ,,isa ,,mesj$i ,! old ,byzant9e *ur*1 n[ ,ph5] ,isa ,mesj$i1 9 ! valley ( ! ,lycus1 to ! s\? ( ! mosque ( ,sultan ,mehem$1 %\ld be id5tifi$ z ! *ur* ( ! ,!otokos ( ,lips1 al?\gh ! ,patri>* ,con/antius1#agi ,sc>latus ,byzantius & ,paspates#ahj id5tify t *ur* ) ,demirjil> ,mesj$i1 a build+ :i* lay to ! ea/ ( ! mosque ( ,sultan ,mehem$1 b fell 9 ! e>?quake ( #aijd4 ,accord+ to ! writ]s j cit$1 ,ph5] ,isa ,mesj$i is ! *ur* ( ! ,!otokos ,pana*rantos :i* appe>s 9 connection ) c]ta9 incid5ts 9 ! hi/ory ( ! ,patri>* ,veccus4 ,9 ?is view !re is a curi\s m+l+ ( tru? & error4 ,=1 z a matt] ( fact1 ,con/ant9ople did possess a *ur* d$icat$ to ! ,pana*rantos :i* _h no connection ) ! mona/]y ( ,lips4 ,b t *ur* 0 n ! build+ 9 ! valley ( ! ,lycus2 x /ood 9 ! imm$iate vic9ity ( ,s4 ,sophia4 ,fur!rmore1 :ile x is c]ta9 t !re 0 9 ! city a *ur* ( ! ,pana*rantos :i* _h no?+ :atev] to d ) ! mona/]y ( ,lips1 x is equally true t ! sanctu>y atta*$ to t mona/]y 0 also d$icat$ to ! ,!otokos "u ! same /yle4 ,9 o!r words1 ,ph5] ,isa ,mesj$i 0 ! sanctu>y atta*$ to ! mona/]y ( ,lips & 0 d$icat$ to ! ,!otokos ,pana*rantos1 b 0 n ! *ur* ( t "n ) :i* x has be5 id5tifi$ by ! au?orities above m5tion$4#aha ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,xxxi4 7#a7 ,s4 ,,m>y ,,pana*rantos4 ,,vault ,,( ,,! ,,ambulatory ,,passage ,,on ,,! ,,we/ ,,( ,,! ,,dome ,,9 ,,! ,,s\? ,,*ur*1 ,,look+ ,,nor?4 7#b7 ,s4 ,,m>y ,,pana*rantos4 ,,! ,,int]ior ,,( ,,! ,,nor? ,,*ur*1 ,,look+ ,,nor?4 ,to face page #abb4 ,! correctness ( ^! positions c be readily e/abli%$4 ,fir/1 t a mona/]y ( ! ,pana*rantos & ! mona/]y ( ,lips 7 diff]5t ,h\ses is evid5t f ! express /atem5ts ( ! pilgrim ,zosimus to t effect4 ,=1 accord+ to t visitor to ! %r9es ( ! city1 a mona/]y1 'de ,panakhran1'#ahb /ood ne> ,s4 ,sophia1 'non lo9 de ,sa9te ,sophie4' ,/eph5 ( ,novgorod ref]s to ! mona/]y ( ! ',panacrante'#ahc also 9 ! same connection4 ,& ! proximity ( ! ,h\se to ! great ca!dral may be inf]r$ likewise f ! /atem5ts ( ! pilgrim ,alex&]#ahd & ( ! anonym\s pilgrim4#ahe ,on ! o!r h&1 ,zosimus speaks ( ! mona/]y ( ,lips1 'c\v5t de femmes ,lipesi1'#ahf z situat$ 9 ano!r "p ( ! city4 ,x 0 closely connect$ ) ! mona/]y ( ,kyra ,m>?a1#ahg f :i* to ,s4 ,sophia 0 a f> cry4 ,! di/9ction ( ! two mona/]ies is1 moreov]1 confirm$ by ! hi/orians ,pa*ym]es#ahh & ,nicephorus ,gregoras1#ahi :o employ ! t]ms ,pana*rantos & ,lips to designate two di/9ct mona/ic e/abli%m5ts situat$ 9 diff]5t qu>t]s ( ! capital4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #da4 ,s4 ,,m>y ,,p>a*rantos4 ,,details ,,( ,,! ,,%afts ,,9 ,,! ,,ea/ ,,w9d[s ,,( ,,! ,,s\? ,,*ur*4 ,9 ! next place1 ! mona/]y ( ,lips did n /& at ! po9t m>k$ by ,demirjil> ,mesj$i4 ,! argum5t urg$ 9 fav\r ( its position at t po9t is ! fact t ! mona/]y is describ$ z ne> ! *ur* ( ! ,holy ,apo/les 7,greek3 plsion tn hagin apo/oln74 ,b :ile proximity to ! ,holy ,apo/les mu/ m>k any edifice claim+ to be ! mona/]y ( ,lips1 t proximity alone is n suffici5t to id5tify ! build+4 ,ph5]#aij ,isa ,mesj$i satisfies t condition equally well4 ,b :at turns ! balance ( evid5ce 9 its fav\r is t x satisfies also e o!r condition t held true ( ! mona/]y ( ,lips4 ,t ,h\se 0 closely associat$ ) ! mona/]y ( ,kyra ,m>?a1 z ,phrantzes#aia expressly decl>es1 & z may be inf]r$ f ! n>ratives ( ! ,russian pilgrims4#aib ,t be+ s1 ! position ( ,kyra ,m>?a w det]m9e likewise t ( ! mona/]y ( ,lips4 ,n[1 ,kyra ,m>?a lay to ! s\? ( ! ,holy ,apo/les4 ,= x 0 rea*$1 says ! anonym\s pilgrim ( ! fifte5? c5tury#aic 'en desc5d5t 7du c\v5t7 des ,aptres dans la direction du midi'2 :ile ,/eph5 ( ,novgorod#aid rea*$ ! ,holy ,apo/les 9 proce$+ nor?w>ds f ! ,kyra ,m>?a4 ,h5ce ! mona/]y ( ,lips lay to ! s\? ( ! ,holy ,apo/les1 z ,ph5] ,isa ,mesj$i /&s to ! s\? ( ! mosque ( ,sultan ,mehem$1 :i* has replac$ t fam\s *ur*4 ,) ?is conclusion agrees1 moreov]1 ! description giv5 ( ! di/rict 9 :i* ! mona/]y ( ,lips /ood4 ,x 0 a remote & quiet "p ( ! city1 l ! di/rict 9 :i* ,ph5] ,isa ,mesj$i is situat$ to-day2 ,greek3 pros ta t\ ,liba m]1 topon apokism5on kai hsy*on4#aid ,fur!rmore1 ! mona/]y ( ,lips borr[$ its "n f its f\nd] or re/or]1 ,con/ant9e ,lips2#aif & 9 h>mony ) t fact we f9d on ! apse ( "o ( ! two *ur*es :i* comb9e to =m ,ph5] ,isa ,mesj$i an inscription 9 hon\r ( a c]ta9 ,con/ant9e4#aig ,un=tunately ! inscription is mutilat$1 & !re 7 _m ,con/ant9es besides ! "o surnam$ ,lips4 ,/ill1 ! pres5ce ( ! pr9cipal "n ( ! build] ( ! mona/]y ( ,lips on a *ur*1 :i* we h also o!r reasons to believe belong$ to t mona/]y1 adds greatly to ! cumulative =ce ( ! argum5t 9 fav\r ( ! view t ,con/ant9e ,lips is ! p]son int5d$4 ,b1 if necess>y1 ! argum5t c be /ill fur!r /r5g!n$4 ,! *ur* atta*$ to ! mona/]y ( ,lips 0 d$icat$ to ! ,!otokos1 z may be inf]r$ f ! circum/ance t ! annual /ate visit ( ! emp]or to t %r9e took place on ! fe/ival ( ! ,nativity ( ! ,virg94#aih ,s likewise 0 ! sanctu>y :i* ,ph5] ,isa ,mesj$i repres5ts1 = ! inscription x be>s invokes h] bless+ ^u ! build+ & its build] 7,fig4 #db74 ,w\ld t ! id5tity ( all ! *ur*es 9 ,con/ant9ople c\ld be z /rongly e/abli%$4 ,x rema9s to add 9 ?is connection t :ile ! mona/]y ( ,lips & t ( ! ,pana*rantos associat$ ) ,veccus 7 diff]5t ,h\ses1 ! *ur*es ( bo? mona/]ies 7 d$icat$ to ! ,!otokos "u ! same attribute--,pana*rantos1 ! ,immaculate4 ,! invocation inscrib$ on ,ph5] ,isa ,mesj$i addresses ! ,!otokos by t epi!t4 ,b to id5tify diff]5t *ur*es because ( ! same d$ication is only ano!r in/ance ( ! liability to all[ simil>ity ( names to conceal ! diff]5ce betwe5 ?+s4 ,! di/9ction ?us e/abli%$ betwe5 ! two mona/]ies is important n only 9 ! int]e/s ( accuracy2 x also ?r[s light on ! foll[+ hi/orical incid5ts4 ,9 #abde p]mission 0 grant$ = ! transf]5ce ( ! relics ( ,s4 ,philip ! ,apo/le f ! *ur* ( ! ,pana*rantos to ,we/]n ,europe4 ,! docum5t au?oris+ t act 0 sign$ by ! dean ( ! *ur* & by ! treasur] ( ,s4 ,sophia4#aii ,! int]v5tion ( ! latt] (ficial becomes m intelligible :5 we "k t ! mona/]y ( ! ,pana*rantos /ood ne> ,s4 ,sophia1 & n1 z ,paspates ma9ta9s1 at ,ph5] ,isa ,mesj$i4 ,aga91 ! ,patri>* ,veccus took refuge on two occasions 9 ! mona/]y ( ! ,pana*rantos1 once 9 #abgi & aga9 9 #abhb4 ,he c\ld d s readily & )\t obs]vation1 z ! case dem&$1 :5 ! %elt] he s\ght /ood 9 ! imm$iate vic9ity ( 8 ca!dral & (ficial resid5ce4 ,to escape to a mona/]y situat$ 9 ! valley ( ! ,lycus 01 "u ! circum/ances1 impracticable4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,xxxii4 7#a7 ,s4 ,,m>y ,,pana*rantos4 ,,! ,,nor? ,,*ur*1 ,,look+ ,,ea/4 7#b7 ,s4 ,,m>y ,,pana*rantos4 ,,! ,,nor? ,,*ur*1 ,,look+ ,,we/4 ,to face page #abf4 ,con/ant9e ,lips 0 an important p]sonage dur+ ! reign ( ,leo ! ,wise 7#hhf-iab7 & ( ,con/ant9e ,,vii4 ,porphyrog5itus 7#iab-ief74 ,"u ! =m] emp]or he held ! (fices ( protospa?>ius & dome/ic ( ! h\sehold4 ,he also w5t on sev]al missions to ! ,pr9ce ( ,t>on1 9 ! c\rse ( :i* romance m+l$ ) politics1 ) ! result t ! daught] ( ,lips became engag$ to ! son ( ! pr9ce4#bjj ,^u ! accession ( ,con/ant9e ,porphyrog5itus1 ,lips came "u a cl\d1 on suspicion ( be+ implicat$ 9 ! plot to raise ,con/ant9e ,ducas to ! ?rone1 & 0 oblig$ to flee ! capital4#bja ,ev5tually he 0 re/or$ to fav\r1 & enjoy$ ! dignities ( patrician1 proconsul1 comm&] ( ! =eign gu>d1 & drung>ius ( ! fleet4#bjb ,he fell 9 battle 9 ! w> ( #iag betwe5 ! ,empire & ! ,bulg>ians "u ,symeon4#bjc ,! mona/]y ( ,lips 0 re/or$ 9 ! reign ( ,leo ! ,wise2 ! fe/ival ( ! d$ication ( ! *ur* be+ celebrat$ 9 ! ye> #ijh1 9 ! mon? ( ,june4#bjd ,! emp]or hon\r$ ! occasion ) 8 pres5ce1 & att5d$ a banquet 9 ! refectory ( ! mona/]y4 ,b ! happy proce$+s _h n gone f>1 :5 !y 7 sudd5ly int]rupt$ by a furi\s s\?-we/ w9d :i* bur/ ^u ! city & %ook h\ses & *ur*es ) su* viol5ce t p fe>$ to rema9 "u cov] & imag9$ t ! end ( ! _w _h come1 until ! /orm 0 allay$ by a heavy d[np\r ( ra94 ,z ! s\?-we/ w9d 0 nam$ ,lips1 x is n cle> :e!r ! hi/orians :o m5tion ?is incid5t int5d to expla9 !reby ! orig9 ( ,con/ant9e's surname1 or simply po9t to a curi\s co9cid5ce4 ,ne> ! *ur* ,lips erect$ also a x5odo*eion = ! reception ( /rang]s4#bjd ,! mona/]y is m5tion$ by ! ,anonymus ( ! elev5? c5tury1#bjf b does n appe> aga9 until ! recov]y ( ! ,empire f ! ,lat9s 9 #abfa4 ,9 ! ef=ts !n made to re/ore all ?+s1 x und]w5t repairs at ! in/ance ( ! ,empress ,!odora1#bjg ! consort ( ,mi*ael ,palaeologus1 & f t "t acquir$ great] importance ?an x _h previ\sly enjoy$4 ,)9 its prec9cts1 on ! #af? ( ,febru>y #acjd1 a cold w9t] day1 ,!odora h]self 0 laid to re/ ) great pomp1 & amid ! te>s ( ! poor to :om %e _h be5 a good fri5d4#bjh ,!re1 two ye>s lat]1 a spl5did s]vice 0 celebrat$ = ! b5efit ( ! s\l ( h] son ,con/ant9e ,porphyrog5itus1#bji z "s comp5sation = ! cruel treatm5t he _h suff]$ at ! h&s ( 8 jeal\s bro!r ,&ronicus4 ,!re1 t emp]or himself became a monk two ye>s be=e 8 dea?1#baj & !re he 0 buri$ on ! #ac? ( ,febru>y #accb4 ,! mona/]y conta9$ also ! tomb ( ! ,empress ,ir5e1#baa fir/ wife ( ,&ronicus ,,iii41 & ! tomb ( ! ,russian ,pr9cess ,anna#bab :o m>ri$ ,john ,,vii4 ,palaeologus :ile cr[n pr9ce1 b di$ be=e %e c\ld asc5d ! ?rone1 a victim ( ! great plague :i* rag$ 9 ,con/ant9ople 9 #adag4 ,! mona/]y appe>s once m z ! sc5e ( a great religi\s revival1 :5 a c]ta9 nun ,?omais1 :o enjoy$ a great reputation = sanctity1 took up h] resid5ce 9 ! neighb\rhood4 ,s l>ge 7 ! cr[ds ( wom5 :o flock$ to place !mselves "u h] rule t '! mona/]y ( ,lips & ,m>?a' 0 fill$ to ov]fl[+4#bac ,! *ur* 0 conv]t$ into a mosque by ,ph5] ,isa1 :o di$ 9 #adif1 & has und]gone s]i\s alt]ations s9ce t "t4#bad ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,xxxiii4 7#a7 ,s4 ,,m>y ,,pana*rantos4 ,,! ,,diaconicon1 ,,look+ ,,ea/4 7#b7 ,s4 ,,m>y ,,pana*rantos4 ,,! ,,ar* ,,"u ,,we/ ,,side ,,( ,,! ,,c5tral ,,dome ,,9 ,,! ,,s\? ,,*ur*4 ,to face page #abh4 ,ar*itectural ,features ,! build+ comprises two *ur*es1 :i*1 :ile diff]+ 9 date & type1 /& side by side1 & communicate ) ea* o!r ?r\gh an ar*way 9 _! common wall1 & ?r\gh a passage 9 ! common wall ( _! n>!xes4 ,z if to keep ! two *ur*es m closely toge!r1 !y are b\nd by an exon>!x1 :i*1 aft] runn+ along _! we/]n front1 returns ea/w>ds along ! s\!rn wall ( ! s\? *ur* z a clos$ cloi/] or gall]y4 ,! ,nor? ,*ur*4--,! nor? *ur* is ( ! normal 'f\r column' type4 ,! f\r columns :i* orig9ally support$ ! dome 71 h[ev]1 remov$ :5 ! build+ 0 conv]t$ into a mosque 9 ,turki% times1 & h be5 replac$ by two l>ge po9t$ ar*es :i* span ! entire l5g? ( ! *ur*4 ,b ! old wall ar*es ( ! dome-columns are /ill visible z ar*$ pi]c+s 9 ! sp&rils ( ! ,turki% ar*es4 ,a simil> ,turki% 'improvem5t' 9 ! sub/itution ( an ar* = ! orig9al pair ( columns is f\nd 9 ! nor? side ( ! p>ecclesion atta*$ to ! ,pammak>i/os 7p4 #aeb74 ,! dome ) its eight w9d[s is likewise ,turki%4 ,! w9d[s are l9tell$ & ! cornice is ( ! typical ,turki% =m4 ,! bema is almo/ squ>e & is cov]$ by a b>rel vault =m$ by a prolongation ( ! ea/]n dome ar*2 ! apse is light$ by a l(ty triple w9d[4 ,by :at is an exceptional arrangem5t1 ! lat]al *apels are z l(ty bo? on ! int]ior & on ! ext]ior z is ! c5tral apse1 b !y are ent]$ by l[ doors4 ,9 ! normal arrangem5t1 z1 = in/ance1 9 ! ,myrelaion1 ! lat]al *apels are l[ & are ent]$ by vaults ris+ to ! same height z ^? ( ! angle *amb]s1 betwe5 :i* ! c5tral apse rises high] bo? ext]nally & int]nally4 ,! *apels h ni*es ar*$ above ! cornice on ?ree sides1 & are cov]$ by cross-gro9$ vaults :i* comb9e ) ! semicircul> heads ( ! ni*es to produce a v beautiful effect4 ,to ! ea/ !y h long bema ar*es flank$ by two small semicircul> ni*es1 & are light$ by small s+le w9d[s4 ,! *ur* is prec$$ by a n>!x 9 ?ree bays cov]$ by cross-gro9$ vaults support$ on /rong transv]se ar*es4 ,at ei!r end x t]m9ates 9 a l>ge semicircul> ni*e4 ,! nor!rn "o is intact1 b ( ! s\!rn ni*e only ! ar*$ head rema9s4 ,! l[] "p ( ! ni*e has be5 cut away to af=d access to ! n>!x ( ! s\? *ur*4 ,?is w\ld sugge/ t1 at lea/1 ! n>!x ( ! s\? *ur* is ( lat] date ?an ! nor? *ur*4 ,consid]$ z a :ole ! nor? *ur* is a good example ( its type1 l(ty & delicate 9 its proportions4 ,! ,s\? ,*ur*4--,! n>!x is unsymmetrical to ! *ur* & 9 its pres5t =m mu/ be ! result ( ext5sive alt]ation4 ,x is 9 two v dissimil> bays4 ,t to ! nor? is cov]$ ) a cross-gro9$ vault ( la? & pla/]1 probably on ! model ( an orig9al vault con/ruct$ ( brick4 ,a door 9 ! ea/]n wall leads to ! nor? aisle ( ! *ur*4 ,! s\!rn bay is sep>at$ f its companion by a broad ar*4 ,x is an oblong *amb] r$uc$ to a figure approa*+ a squ>e by ?r[+ broad ar*es across its ends & sett+ back ! wall ar*es f ! cornice4 ,?is arrangem5t all[s ! bay to be cov]$ by a l[ drumless dome4 ,two op5+s1 sep>at$ by a pi]1 lead respectively to ! nave & ! s\!rn aisle ( ! *ur*4 ,! int]ior ( ! *ur* has und]gone s]i\s alt]ations s9ce x has become a mosque1 b en\gh ( ! orig9al build+ has surviv$ to %[ t ! plan 0 t ( an 'ambulatory *ur*4' ,ea* side ( ! ambulatory is divid$ into ?ree bays1 cov]$ ) cross-gro9$ vaults ^: spr++s to ! c5tral area correspond exactly to ! columns ( su* an arcade z t :i* occupies ! we/ dome bay ( ,s4 ,&rew 7p4 #aad74 ,we may !re=e safely assume t triple arcades orig9ally sep>at$ ! ambulatory f ! c5tral area & fill$ 9 ! l[] "p ( ! dome ar*es4 ,! tympana ( ^! ar*es above 7 pi]c$ to nor?1 s\?1 & we/ by ?ree w9d[s n[ built up b ^: outl9es are /ill visible b5ea? ! :itewa% :i* has be5 daub$ ov] !m4 ,! angles ( ! ambulatory are cov]$ by cross vaults4 ,! po9t$ ar*es at pres5t op5+ f ! ambulatory to ! c5tral area 7 =m$ to make ! *ur* m suitable = ,moslem wor%ip1 z 7 ^? ( ! nor? *ur*4 ,9 fact we h "h a repetition ( ! treatm5t ( ! ,pammak>i/os 7p4 #aea71 :5 conv]t$ into a mosque4 ,! use ( cross-gro9$ vaults 9 ! ambulatory is a feature :i* di/+ui%es ?is *ur* f ! o!r ambulatory *ur*es ( ,con/ant9ople & connects x m closely ) ! dom$-cross *ur*4 ,! vaults 9 ! nor!rn portion ( ! ambulatory h be5 p>tially defac$ 9 ! c\rse ( ,turki% repairs4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,xxxiv4 7#a7 ,s4 ,,m>y ,,pana*rantos4 ,,ea/ ,,w9d[ ,,( ,,! ,,s\? ,,*ur*4 7#b7 ,s4 ,,m>y ,,pana*rantos4 ,,! ,,out] ,,n>!x1 ,,look+ ,,s\?4 ,to face page #acj4 ,! c5tral apse is light$ by a l>ge triple w9d[4 ,x is cov]$ by a cross-gro9$ vault & has on ea* side a tall %all[ segm5tal ni*e ^: head rises above ! spr++ cornice4 ,bel[ ?is ! ni*es h be5 mu* hack$ away4 ,! passages lead+ to ! lat]al *apels are rem>kably l[1 n m ?an #a4ij m4 high to ! cr[n ( ! ar*4 ,! s\!rn *apel is simil> to ! c5tral apse1 & is light$ by a l>ge triple w9d[4 ,! nor!rn *apel is v diff]5t4 ,x is mu* broad]2 broad] inde$ ?an ! ambulatory :i* leads to x1 & is cov]$ by b>rel vaults4 ,! ni*es 9 ! bema only rise to a %ort di/ance above ! floor1 n1 z on ! opposite side1 to above ! cornice4 ,x is light$ by a l>ge triple w9d[ simil> to ^? ( ! o!r two apses4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #db4 ,s4 ,,m>y ,,pana*rantos4 ,,inscription ,,on ,,! ,,apse ,,( ,,! ,,nor? ,,*ur*4 ,f love = ! "m ( ,god 444 beautiful temple 444 ,con/ant9e2 :i* spl5did "w 444 ( ! %9+ heav5 an inhabitant & citiz5 him %[ ,o ,immaculate ,"o2 fri5dl9ess recomp5s+ 444 ! temple 444 ! gift4 ,! out] n>!x on ! we/ ( ! two *ur*es & ! gall]y on ! s\? ( ! s\? *ur* are cov]$ ) cross-gro9$ vaults )\t transv]se ar*es4 ,! wall ( ! s\? *ur*1 :i* %[s 9 ! s\? gall]y1 =m$ ! orig9al ext]nal wall ( ! build+4 ,x is divid$ into bays ) ar*es 9 two & ?ree ord]s ( brick reveals1 & ) %all[ ni*es on ! broad] pi]s4 ,! ext]ior ( ! two *ur*es is v pla94 ,on ! we/ are %all[ wall arcades 9 "o ord]1 on ! s\? simil> arcades 9 two ord]s4 ,! nor!rn side is inaccessible ow+ to ! ,turki% h\ses built aga9/ x4 ,on ! ea/ all ! apses project boldly4 ,! c5tral apse ( ! s\? *ur* has sev5 sides & %[s ! rema9s ( a decoration ( ni*es 9 two /ories simil> to t ( ! ,pantokrator 7p4 #bce72 ! o!r apses pres5t ?ree sides4 ,! c>v$ "w on ! w9d[ %afts is ?r\gh\t good4 ,an inscription commemorat+ ! erection ( ! nor!rn *ur* is cut on a m>ble /r+-c\rse :i*1 :5 complete1 ran across ! :ole ea/]n end1 foll[+ ! project+ sides ( ! apses4 ,! lett]s are sunk & m>k$ ) drill holes4 ,wulff is ( op9ion t ! lett]s 7 orig9ally fill$ 9 ) lead1 &1 f ! evid5ce ( ?is lead infill+1 dates ! *ur* z late z ! fifte5? c5tury4 ,b x is equally possible t ! lett]s 7 m>k$ out by drill holes :i* 7 !n connect$ ) ! *isel1 & t ! c>v]1 pleas$ by ! effect giv5 by ! %>p po9ts ( %ad[ 9 ! drill holes1 delib]ately left !m4 ,! grooves d n seem suitable = reta9+ lead4 ,9 ! c\rse ( _! hi/ory bo? *ur*es 7 alt]$1 ev5 9 ,byzant9e days4 ,! s\? *ur* is ! e>li] /ructure1 b %[s signs ( sev]al rebuild+s4 ,! irregul> n>!x & unsymmetrical ea/]n side *apels are evid5tly n p>ts ( an orig9al design4 ,9 ! wall betwe5 ! two *ur*es !re are indications :i* appe> to %[ ! "* ( ^! alt]ations & ! ord] 9 :i* ! diff]5t build+s 7 erect$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,xxxv4 7#a7 ,s4 ,,m>y ,,pana*rantos4 ,,ea/ ,,end ,,( ,,! ,,s\? ,,*ur*4 7#b7 ,s4 ,,m>y ,,pana*rantos4 ,,ea/ ,,end ,,( ,,! ,,nor? ,,*ur*4 ,to face page #acb4 ,z has already be5 po9t$ out1 ! nor? side ( ! ambulatory 9 ! s\? *ur*1 :i* = two-?irds ( its l5g? is ( practically ! same wid? z ! s\!rn & we/]n sides1 sudd5ly wid5s out at ! ea/]n end & op5s into a side *apel broad] ?an t on ! opposite side4 ,! two l>ge pi]s sep>at+ ! ambulatory f ! c5tral "p ( ! nor? *ur* are evid5tly =m$ by build+ ! wall ( "o *ur* aga9/ ! pre-exi/+ wall ( ! o!r4 ,! ea/]nmo/ pi] is small] &1 z c be se5 f ! plan1 is a cont9uation ( ! wall ( ! nor? *ur*4 ,cle>ly ! nor? *ur* 0 already built :5 ! nor?-ea/]n *apel ( ! s\? *ur* 0 erect$1 & ! exi/+ wall 0 utilis$4 ,z ! ext]nal ar*itectural /yle ( ! ?ree apses ( ! s\? *ur* is id5tical1 x is reasonable to conclude t ?is "p ( ! s\? *ur* also is lat] 9 date ?an ! nor? *ur*4 ,= if ! entire s\? *ur* _h be5 built at ! same "t z ! apses1 we %\ld expect to f9d ! lat]al *apels simil>4 ,b !y are n4 ,! vault+ ( ! c5tral apse & ( ! s\!rn lat]al *apel are simil>1 :ile t ( ! nor!rn *apel is diff]5t4 ,on ! same supposition we %\ld also expect to f9d a simil> use ( ! wall ( ! nor? *ur* ?r\gh\t1 b we h se5 t two pi]s repres5t+ ! old wall ( ! s\? *ur* /ill rema94 ,! n>!x ( ! s\? *ur*1 h[ev]1 is c>ri$ up to ! l9e ( ! nor? *ur* wall4 ,! f\r column type is n f\nd previ\s to ! t5? c5tury4 ,! date ( ! nor? *ur* 0 orig9ally giv5 on ! inscription1 b is n[ oblit]at$4 ,kondak(f dates x 9 ! elev5? or twelf? c5tury4 ,wulff w\ld put x z late z ! fifte5?4 ,b if ! view t ?is *ur* 0 atta*$ to ! mona/]y ( ,lips is correct1 ! build+ mu/ belong to ! t5? c5tury4 ,! ambulatory type appe>s to be e>ly1 & ! examples 9 ,con/ant9ople seem to date f ! six? to ! n9? c5tury4 ,x may !re=e be conclud$ t1 unless !re is pro( to ! contr>y1 ! s\? *ur* is ! e>li]4 ,9 t case ! s\!rnmo/ p>ts ( ! two l>ge pi]s :i* sep>ate ! two *ur*es repres5t ! old out] wall ( ! orig9al s\? *ur*1 ^: ea/]n *apels 7 !n symmetrical4 ,to ?is ! nor? *ur* 0 add$1 b at "s subsequ5t date ! apses ( ! s\? *ur* dem&$ repair & :5 !y 7 rebuilt1 ! nor?-ea/]n *apel 0 enl>g$ by ! cutt+ away ( ! old out] wall4 ,to ?is p]iod also belongs ! pres5t inn] n>!x4 ,! fact t ! head ( ! t]m9al ni*e at ! s\? end ( ! nor? n>!x rema9s above ! communicat+ door %[s t ! s\? n>!x is lat]4 ,! out] n>!x & s\? gall]y are a /ill lat] addition4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #dc4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #dd4 ,illu/ration3 ,,figs4 #de ,,& #df4 #agi ,anci5t & ,mod]n ,c4,p4 pp4 #gj1 #gi4 #ahj ,pp4 #cbb1 #cbe4 #aha ,to ,mhlmann & ,mordtmann1 ,esq4 top4 p>agraph #abg1 belongs ! cr$it ( ! id5tification ( ,ph5] ,isa ,mesj$i ) ! mona/]y ( ,lips4 ,b ,i h n se5 any full /atem5t ( _! reasons = t op9ion4 #ahb ,it94 russes1 p4 #bjb4 #ahc ,ibid4 p4 #aai4 #ahd ,ibid4 p4 #afb4 #ahe ,ibid4 p4 #bcj4 #ahf ,ibid4 p4 #bje4 #ahg ,phrantzes1 pp4 #ada2 ,it94 russes1 pp4 #bje1 #abb1 #bcd4 #ahh i4 p4 #dee2 ii4 p4 #ai4 #ahi i4 p4 #afj4 #aij ,!oph4 ,cont4 p4 #cga4 #aia ,page #ada4 #aib ,it94 russes1 pp4 #bje1 #bcd4 #aic ,ibid4 p4 #bcd4 #aid ,ibid4 p4 #abb4 #aie ,du ,cange1 iv4 p4 #ic1 quot+ ! ,life ( ,ni*olas ( ! ,/udion4 ,! di/rict 0 nam$ ,greek3 ,m]dosag>1 ,leo ,gramm4 p4 #bhj4 #aif ,!oph4 ,cont4 p4 #cga4 #aig ,see inscription1 p4 #aca4 #aih ,cod9us1 ,de (ficiis1 p4 #hj4 #aii ,du ,cange1 iv4 p4 #ic4 #bjj ,con/4 ,porphyr4 ,de adm4 imp4 c4 #dc4 #bja ,!oph4 ,cont4 p4 #chd4 #bjb ,con/4 ,porphyr4 ut supra4 #bjc ,!oph4 ,cont4 p4 #chi4 #bjd ,ibid4 p4 #cga4 #bje ,b&uri1 iii4 p4 #eb4 #bjf ,ut supra4 #bjg ,niceph4 ,greg4 i4 p4 #afb4 #bjh ,pa*ym4 i4 p4 #cgh4 #bji ,ibid4 p4 #dbe4 #baj ,niceph4 ,greg4 i4 p4 #dfa4 #baa ,cantacuz4 i4 p4 #aic4 #bab ,phrantzes1 p4 #aaj4 #bac ,ibid4 p4 #ada4 #bad ,paspates1 p4 #cbe4 ,,*apt] ,,vii ,,! ,,*ur* ,,( ,,! ,,!otokos ,,pammak>i/os1 ,,fetiyeh ,,jamissi ,! ,byzant9e *ur*1 n[ ,fetiyeh ,jamissi1 ov]look+ ! ,gold5 ,horn f ! heights ( ! ,fif? ,hill1 0 ! *ur* ( ! ,!otokos ,pammak>i/os 7! ,all ,bless$71 atta*$ to ! mona/]y kn[n by t "n4 ,reg>d+ ! id5tity ( ! *ur* !re c be no mann] ( d\bt1 z ! build+ rema9$ 9 ! h&s ( ! ,greek community = #ach ye>s aft] ! conque/1 & 0 dur+ t p]iod ! patri>*al ca!dral4 ,! que/ions :5 & by :om ! *ur* 0 f\nd$ _c be s readily det]m9$4 ,accord+ to a manuscript 9 ! libr>y ( ! ,greek !ological college on ! isl& ( ,halki 7"o ( ! small gr\p ( isl&s kn[n z ! ,pr9ces' ,isl&s 9 ! ,sea ( ,m>mora71 an inscription 9 ! bema ( ! *ur* ascrib$ ! f\ndation ( ! build+ to ,john ,comn5us & 8 wife ,anna4#bae ,! manuscript p]i%$ 9 ! e>?quake :i* r$uc$ ! college to a heap ( ru9s 9 #ahid1 b ! inscription _h =tunately be5 copi$ 9 ! catalogue ( ! libr>y be=e t disa/] occurr$4 ,x read z foll[s3 ,greek3 ,iann\ phrontisma ,komnn\ tode ,anns te rhizs ,d\kiks ts syzyg\4 hois antid\sa pl\sian1 hagn1 *>9 taxais en oik t\ !\ monotrop\s4#baf ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,xxxvi4 7#a7 ,s4 ,,m>y ,,pammak>i/os1 ,,f ,,! ,,s\?-,,ea/4 7#b7 ,s4 ,,m>y ,,pammak>i/os1 ,,f ,,! ,,we/4 ,to face page #ach4 ,! leg5d _c ref] to ! ,emp]or ,john ,comn5us 7#aaah-aadc71 = 8 consort 0 nei!r nam$ ,anna nor relat$ to ! family ( ,ducas4 ,%e 0 a ,hung>ian pr9cess1 :o1 on becom+ ! emp]or's bride1 assum$ ! "n ,ir5e4 ,mr4 ,sid]ides1 !re=e1 sugge/s t ! p]sons m5tion$ 9 ! inscription 7 t emp]or's gr&p>5ts1 ! curopalates & gr& dome/ic ,john ,comn5us & 8 wife1 ! celebrat$ ,anna ,dalass5a1 :o bore likewise ! title ( ,duca5a4 ,9 t case1 z ! curopalates & gr& dome/ic di$ 9 #ajfg1 ! f\ndation ( ! *ur* _c be mu* lat] ?an ! middle ( ! elev5? c5tury4 ,b :e!r ! t]m ,greek3 phrontisma %\ld be und]/ood to mean t ! *ur* 0 f\nd$ by ! illu/ri\s p]sons above m5tion$1 or 0 an object already 9 exi/5ce ^u :i* !y be/[$ _! ?\ght & c>e1 is n q c]ta94 ,mr4 ,sid]ides is prep>$ to adopt ! latt] mean+1 & ! ar*itecture ( ! *ur* all[s u to assign ! f\ndation ( ! build+ to an e>li] date ?an ! age ( ! gr&p>5ts ( ! ,emp]or ,john ,comn5us4 ,b :ile ! connection ( ! *ur* ) ^? p]sonages mu/ n be ov]look$1 ! build+ und]w5t su* ext5sive repairs 9 ! ?irte5? c5tury t ! hon\r ( be+ its f\nd] 0 transf]r$ to its re/or] at t p]iod4 ,pa*ym]es#bag speaks ( ! mona/]y z ! mona/]y ( ,mi*ael ,glabas ,t>*aniotes 7,greek3 tn idian monn74 ,:ile ! poet ,philes 7#abge-acdf71 ref]r+ to a figure portray$ on ! walls ( ! *ur*1 asks ! spectator1 ,see/ ?\1 ,o /rang]1 ?is great man8 ,he is none o!r ?an ! proto/rator1 ! build] ( ?is mona/]y1 ! wond] ( ! _w1 ! noble ,glabas4 ,greek3 horas ton &ra ton polyn t\ton1 x5e2 eke9os h\tos e/9 ho prto/ratr1 ho dmi\rgos ts mons ts en?ade1 to ?auma ts gs1 ho ,glabas ho g5nadas4#bah ,9 accordance ) ^! /atem5ts1 ,g]la*#bai saw depict$ on ! walls ( ! *ur* two figures 9 ar*ducal attire1 repres5t+ ! f\nd] ( ! *ur* & 8 wife1 ) ?is leg5d beside !m3 ,mi*ael ,ducas ,glabas ,t>*aniotes1 proto/rator & f\nd]2 ,m>ia ,duca5a ,comn5a ,palaeolog9a ,bla*5a1#bai proto/ratorissa & f\ndress4 ,greek3 ,mi*al ,d\kas ,glabas ,t>*anits1 ho prto/ratr kai kttr2 ,m>ia ,d\ka9a ,komnn ,palaiolog9a ,blaka9a1#bbj h prto/ratorissa kai kttrissa4 ,mi*ael ,glabas 0 creat$ proto/rator 9 #abib1 & acquir$ ! "r to appo9t ! abbot ( ! mona/]y be=e #abie4 ,consequ5tly ! completion ( ! repair ( ! *ur* at 8 in/ance mu/ be assign$ to ! int]val betwe5 ^! dates4 ,! proto/rator ,mi*ael ,glabas ,ducas ,t>*aniotes1 :o mu/ n be conf\nd$ ) 8 namesake ! protove/i>ius ,mi*ael ,palaeologus ,t>*aniotes1#bba enjoy$ ! reputation ( an able g5]al & wise c\nsellor 9 ! reign ( ,&ronicus ,,ii41 al?\gh1 be+ a victim to g\t1 he 0 (t5 unable to s]ve 8 c\ntry 9 ! =m] capacity4 ,he 0 not$ also = 8 piety & 8 int]e/ 9 ! poor1 z may be inf]r$ f 8 re/oration ( ! ,pammak>i/os & ! erection ( a x5odo*eion4#bbb ,8 wife 0 a niece ( ! ,emp]or ,mi*ael ,palaeologus1 & relat$1 z h] titles imply1 to o!r great families 9 ! c\ntry4 ,a pi\s woman1 & devot$ to h] husb&1 %e prov$ ! s9c]ity ( h] affection by erect+ to 8 memory1 z w appe> 9 ! sequel1 ! beautiful *apel at ! s\?-ea/ end ( ! *ur*4 ,be=e h] dea? %e retir$ f ! _w & assum$ ! "n ,m>?a 9 religion4#bbc ,9 addition to ! figures ( ! re/or]s ( ! *ur*1 portraits 9 mosaic ( ! ,emp]or ,&ronicus & 8 ,empress ,anna1 z ! leg5ds beside ! portraits decl>$1 /ood on ! "r ( ! ma9 entrance to ! patri>*ate4#bbd ,symbol3 ,cross,greek3 ,&ronikos en ,* t ? pi/os basileus kai autokratr ,rhmen ho palaiologos4 ,symbol3 ,cross,greek3 ,anna en ,* t ? pi/ aug\/a h palaiolog9a4 ,z bo? ,&ronicus ,,ii4 & 8 gr&son ,&ronicus ,,iii4 7 m>ri$ to ladies nam$ ,anna1 x is n cle> :i* ( ^! imp]ial c\ples 0 "h portray$4 ,! fact t ! consort ( ! =m] emp]or di$ be=e ! re/oration ( ! *ur* by ! proto/rator ,mi*ael is c]ta9ly 9 fav\r ( ! view support$ by ,mr4 ,sid]ides t ! portraits repres5t$ ! latt] emp]or & empress4#bbd ,:y ^! p]sonages 7 ?us hon\r$ is n expla9$4 ,hav+ re/or$ ! mona/]y1 ,mi*ael ,glabas entru/$ ! direction ( its affairs to a c]ta9 monk nam$ ,cosmas1 :om he _h met & le>n$ to admire dur+ an (ficial t\r 9 ! prov9ces4 ,9 due "t ,cosmas 0 introduc$ to ,&ronicus ,,ii41 & won ! imp]ial e/eem to su* an ext5t z to be appo9t$ patri>*4#bbf ,! new prelate 0 advanc$ 9 ye>s1 mode/1 conciliatory1 b1 )al1 c\ld take a firm /& = :at he consid]$ "r4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ! piety ( ,&ronicus 0 n ( ! k9d t adh]es t5aci\sly to a pr9ciple or ignores worldly consid]ations4 ,h5ce occasions = s]i\s diff]5ces betwe5 ! two m5 on public que/ions 7 inevitable1 & 9 ! c\rse ( _! disputes ! mona/]y ( ! ,pammak>i/os1 ow+ to its association ) ,cosmas1 became ! sc5e ( conflicts betwe5 ,*ur* & ,/ate4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,xxxvii4 7#a7 ,s4 ,,m>y ,,pammak>i/os4 ,,inn] ,,n>!x1 ,,look+ ,,s\?4 7#b7 ,s4 ,,m>y ,,pammak>i/os4 ,,! ,,dome1 ,,look+ ,,we/4 ,to face page #adb4 ,no act ( ,&ronicus %ock$ ! public s5tim5t or 8 day m pa9fully ?an ! political alliance he cem5t$ by giv+ 8 daught] ,simonis1 a m]e *ild ( six ye>s1 z a bride to ! ,kraal ( ,s]via1 :o 0 =ty ye>s h] s5ior1 & _h be5 already m>ri$ ?ree times1 n always1 x 0 alleg$1 9 ! mo/ regul> mann]4#bbg ,cosmas did ev]y?+ 9 8 p[] to prev5t ! unnatural union1 & :5 8 la/ desp]ate ef=t to h an audi5ce ( ! emp]or on ! subject 0 repell$1 he left ! patri>*al resid5ce & retir$ to 8 old home at ! ,pammak>i/os4 ,!re1 dur+ ! abs5ce ( ! emp]or 9 ,!ssalonica1 :]e ! objectionable m>riage 0 celebrat$1 ,cosmas rema9$ = two ye>s1 att5d+ only to ! mo/ urg5t bus9ess ( ! diocese4#bbh ,^u ! return ( ,&ronicus to ! capital1 ,cosmas 0 conspicu\s by 8 refusal to take "p 9 ! loyal demon/rations :i* welcom$ ! emp]or back4 ,&ronicus might well h seiz$ ! opportunity to remove ! patri>* f (fice = disc\rtesy s m>k$ & (f5sive1 b1 in/ead ( do+ s1 he s5t a fri5dly message to ! ,pammak>i/os1 ask+ ,cosmas to =get all diff]5ces & resume 8 public duties4 ,a*illes 9 8 t5t 0 n to be conciliat$ s easily4 ,to ! imp]ial reque/ ,cosmas repli$ by invit+ ,&ronicus to come to ! ,pammak>i/os1 & submit ! po9ts at issue betwe5 ! emp]or & himself to a tribunal ( bi%ops & o!r ecclesia/ics specially conv5$ = ! purpose4 ,he fur!rmore decl>$ t he w\ld return to ! patri>*al resid5ce only if ! v]dict ( ! c\rt 0 9 8 fav\r1 o!rwise he w\ld resign (fice4 ,! public feel+ aga9/ ,&ronicus 0 s /rong t he deem$ x exp$i5t to comply ) ?is /range dem&1 go+ to ! mona/]y late at night to escape notice4 ,! tribunal hav+ be5 call$ to ord]1 ,cosmas produc$ 8 *>ges aga9/ ! emp]or3 ! ,s]vian m>riage2 oppressive taxes ^u salt & o!r necess>ies ( life1 :]eby a heavy burd5 0 laid ^u ! poor1 on "o h&1 & imp]ial prodigality 0 enc\rag$ on ! o!r2 failure to treat ! petitions address$ to him by ,cosmas ) ! consid]ation :i* !y des]v$4 ,! def5ce ( ,&ronicus 0 skilful4 ,he ma9ta9$ t no m>riage ( ! ,kraal _h violat$ ,canon ,law z "s p]sons claim$4 ,he t\*$ ! feel+s ( 8 audi5ce by dwell+ ^u ! sacrifice he _h made z a fa!r 9 be/[+ ! h& ( a belov$ daught] on su* a man z ! ,s]vian ,pr9ce2 only reasons ( ,/ate _h con/ra9$ him to sanction a union s pa9ful to 8 he>t4 ,! taxes to :i* objection _h be5 tak5 7 n impos$1 he plead$1 to gratify any p]sonal love ( money1 b 7 dem&$ by ! ne$s ( ! ,empire4 ,z to love ( money1 he _h reasons to believe t x 0 a weakness ( :i* 8 accus] 0 guilty1 & to prove t /atem5t1 he !re & !n s5t two memb]s ( ! c\rt to ! treasur] ( ! palace = evid5ce 9 support ( ! *>ge4 ,9 reg>d to ! accusation t he did n always fav\r ! petitions address$ to him by ! patri>*1 he rem>k$ t x 0 n an emp]or's duty to grant all ! petitions he receiv$1 b to discrim9ate betwe5 !m accord+ to _! m]its4 ,at ! same "t he express$ 8 read9ess to be m indulg5t 9 ! future4 ,mov$ by ^! explanations1 z well z by ! entreaties ( ! emp]or & ! bi%ops pres5t at ?is /range sc5e1 held 9 ! dead ( night 9 ! secrecy ( ! mona/]y1 ,cosmas rel5t$1 & return$ next day to ! patri>*ate4#bbi ,b peace betwe5 ! two p>ties 0 n ( long duration4 ,only a few weeks lat] ,&ronicus re/or$ to (fice a bi%op ( ,ephesus :o _h be5 canonically depos$4 ,cosmas prote/$1 & :5 8 remon/rances 7 disreg>d$1 he )drew aga9 to ! ,pammak>i/os1#bcj & refus$ to all[ 8 seclusion to be di/urb$ on any pretext4 ,to ! surprise ( ev]ybody1 h[ev]1 he sudd5ly resum$ 8 functions--9 ob$i5ce1 he claim$1 to a ,voice :i* said to him1 ',if ?\ love/ ,me1 fe$ ,my %eep4'#bca ,b su* conduct weak5$ 8 position4 ,8 enemies br\ght a f\l *>ge aga9/ him4 ,8 dem& = a ?or\gh inve/igation ( ! libel 0 refus$4 ,& 9 8 vexation he once m s\ght ! %elt] ( ! ,pammak>i/os1 abdicat$ ! patri>*al ?rone1 & ?rew ! ecclesia/ical _w into a turmoil4#bcb ,ev5 !n !re 7 /ill "s1 includ+ ! emp]or1 :o ?\ght ord] & peace w\ld be m spe$ily re/or$ by recall+ ,cosmas to ! (fice he _h laid d[n4 ,b ! opposition to him _h become too p[]ful1 & he 0 compell$ to bid f>ewell to ! retreat he lov$1 & to end 8 days 9 8 native city ( ,sozopolis1 a man wor/$ 9 battle4#bcc ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,xxxviii4 ,s4 ,,m>y ,,pammak>i/os4 ,,! ,,p>ecclesion ,,f ,,! ,,s\?-,,ea/4 ,to face page #add4 ,( ! life at ! ,pammak>i/os dur+ ! rema9d] ( ! p]iod be=e ! ,turki% conque/ only a few incid5ts are record$4 ,"o abbot ( ! mona/]y1 ,niphon1 0 promot$ 9 #acig to ! bi%opric ( ,old ,patras1 & ano!r nam$ ,!ophanes 0 made bi%op ( ! important ,see ( ,h]aclea4 ,an in/ance ( ! fickl5ess ( =tune 0 br\ght home to ! monks ( ! e/abli%m5t by ! disgrace ( ! logo!tes ,gabalas & 8 conf9em5t 9 "o ( _! cells1 "u ! foll[+ circum/ances3--,9 ! /ruggle betwe5 ,john ,cantacuz5e & ,apocaucus = asc5dancy at ! c\rt ( ! ,d[ag] ,empress ,anna ( ,savoy & h] son1 ,john ,,vi4 ,palaeologus1 ,gabalas#bcd _h be5 p]suad$ to jo9 ! p>ty ( ! latt] politician by ! (f]1 among o!r inducem5ts1 ( ! h& ( ,apocaucus' daught] 9 m>riage4 ,b :5 ,gabalas urg$ ! fulfilm5t ( ! promise1 he 0 in=m$ t ! "y lady & h] "m _h meantime tak5 a viol5t av]sion to him on acc\nt ( 8 corpul5t figure4 ,!reupon ,gabalas1 l a true lov]1 _h rec\rse to a me?od ( bant+ recomm5d$ by an ,italian quack4 ,b ! treatm5t fail$ to r$uce ! fle% ( ! un=tunate suitor2 x only ru9$ 8 heal?1 & made him ev5 less attractive ?an be=e4 ,ano!r promise by :i* 8 political support _h be5 ga9$ 0 ! hope t he w\ld %>e ! p[] :i* ,apocaucus %\ld w94 ,b ?is ,apocaucus 0 unwill+ to p]mit1 alleg+ z an excuse t 8 inconv5i5t p>tisan _h become obnoxi\s to ! empress4 ,! disappo9tm5t & anxiety caus$ by ?is in=mation wore s ^u ! m9d ( ! logo!tes z to alt] 8 :ole appe>ance4 ,he n[ became ?9 inde$1 z if suff]+ f consumption1 & 9 8 dread ( ! /orm ga!r+ ab\t him he remov$ 8 valuable possessions to safe hid+4 ,:]eupon ! wily ,apocaucus drew ! att5tion ( ! empress to ?is /range behavi\r1 & ar\s$ h] suspicions t ,gabalas 0 engag$ 9 "s d>k intrigue aga9/ h]4 ,no wond] t ! logo!tes obs]v$ 9 consequ5ce a m>k$ *ange 9 ! empress's mann] t[>ds him1 & 9 8 despair he took sanctu>y 9 ,s4 ,sophia1 & assum$ ! g>b ( a monk4 ,! p]fidy ( ,apocaucus might h /opp$ at ?is po9t1 & all[$ ev5ts to foll[ _! natural c\rse4 ,b ?\gh will+ to act a villa9's "p1 he wi%$ to act x "u ! mask ( a fri5d1 to betray ) a kiss4 ,accord+ly he w5t to ,s4 ,sophia to express 8 sympa?y ) ,gabalas1 & play$ ! "p ( a man ov]:elm$ ) sorr[ at a fri5d's mis=tune s well t ,gabalas =got = a :ile 8 own griefs1 & und]took ! task ( consol+ ! hypocritical m\rn]4 ,soon an imp]ial mess5g] appe>$ ^u ! sc5e ) ! ord] = ,gabalas to leave ! *ur* & proce$ to ! mona/]y ( ! ,pammak>i/os4 ,& !re he rema9$ until1 on ! *>ge ( attempt+ to escape1 he 0 conf9$ 9 a /rong] prison4 ,ano!r p]son deta9$ at ! ,pammak>i/os 0 a ,turki% rebel nam$ ,z9et1 :o 9 company ) a pret5d] to ! ?rone ( ,mehem$ ,i41 _h fl$ 9 #adah to ,con/ant9ople = protection4 ,he 0 welcom$ by ! ,byzant9e ,gov]nm5t1 :i* 0 always glad to receive refugees :om x c\ld use ei!r to gratify or to emb>rass ! ,ottoman ,c\rt1 z ! v>y+ relations betwe5 ! two empires might dictate4 ,x 0 a policy t prov$ fatal at la/1 b mean:ile x (t5 af=d$ "s advantage to ,byzant9e diplomats4 ,on ?is occasion x 0 ?\ght advisable to please ! ,sultan1 & :ile ! pret5d] 0 conf9$ else:]e1 ,z9et1 ) a suite ( t5 p]sons1 0 deta9$ 9 ! ,pammak>i/os4 ,^u ! accession ( ,murad ,,ii41 h[ev]1 ! ,gov]nm5t ( ,con/ant9ople ?\ght prop] to take ! opposite c\rse4 ,accord+ly ! pret5d] 0 lib]at$1 & ,z9et s5t to support ! ,turki% p>ty :i* disput$ ,murad's claims4 ,b life at ! ,pammak>i/os _h n won ! refugee's he>t to ! cause ( ! ,byzant9es4 ,! fanatical monks ) :om he 0 associat$ !re _h insult$ 8 fai?2 8 ,greek companions 9 arms did n af=d him all ! satisfaction he desir$1 & s ,z9et return$ at la/ to 8 natural allegiance4 ,! conduct ( ! ,byzant9e ,gov]nm5t on ?is occasion l$ to ! fir/ siege ( ,con/ant9ople1 9 #adbb1 by ! ,turks4 ,! mo/ important ev5t 9 ! hi/ory ( ! mona/]y occurr$ aft] ! city _h fall5 into ,turki% h&s4 ,! *ur* !n became ! ca!dral ( ! patri>*s ( ,con/ant9ople4 ,x is true t1 9 ! fir/ in/ance1 ! conqu]or _h giv5 ! *ur* ( ! ,holy ,apo/les to ! ,patri>* ,g5nadius z a sub/itute = ! *ur* ( ,s4 ,sophia4 ,b ! native population did n affect ! c5tral qu>t]s ( ! city1 pref]r+ to reside ne> ! ,gold5 ,horn & ! ,sea ( ,m>mora4 ,fur!rmore1 ! body ( a murd]$ ,turk 0 discov]$ "o morn+ 9 ! c\rt ( ! ,holy ,apo/les1 & excit$ among 8 c\ntrym5 ! suspicion t ! murd] _h be5 committ$ by a ,*ri/ian h&4#bce ,! few ,greeks settl$ 9 ! neighb\rhood 7 !re=e 9 dang] ( retaliation1 & ,g5nadius begg$ p]mission to )draw to ! ,pammak>i/os1 ar\nd :i* a l>ge colony ( ,greeks1 :o came f o!r cities to repeople ! capital1 _h settl$4#bcf ,! objection t nuns occupi$ ! mona/]y at t mom5t 0 easily ov]come by remov+ ! si/]hood to ! small mona/]y atta*$ to ! *ur* ( ,s4 ,john 9 ,trullo 7,a*m$ ,pa%a ,mesj$i7 9 ! imm$iate vic9ity1#bcg & = #ach ye>s !reaft] ! ?rone ( sev5te5 patri>*s ( ,con/ant9ople /ood 9 ! *ur* ( ! ,pammak>i/os1 ) ! adjo9+ mona/]y z _! (ficial resid5ce4#bch ,z ! *ief sanctu>y ( ! ,greek community1 ! build+ 0 ma9ta9$1 x w\ld appe>1 9 good ord] & display$ consid]able beauty4 ',ev5 at night1' to quote extravagant praise1 ':5 no lamp 0 burn+1 x %one l ! sun4' ,b ev5 sob] ,european visitors 9 ! sixte5? c5tury agree 9 describ+ ! int]ior ( ! *ur* z respl5d5t ) eikons & imp]ial portraits4 ,x 0 also ri* 9 relics1 "s ( !m br\ght by ,g5nadius f ! *ur* ( ! ,holy ,apo/les & f o!r sanctu>ies lo/ to ! ,greeks4 ,among ! int]e/+ objects %[n to visitors 0 a small rude s>cophagus inscrib$ ) ! imp]ial eagle & ! "n ( ! ,emp]or ,alexius ,comn5us4#bci ,x 0 s pla9 & r\gh t ,s*weigg] speaks ( x z too mean to conta9 ! du/ ( a ,g]man peasant4#bdj ,b t any s>cophagus pr(ess+ to hold ! rema9s ( ,alexius ,comn5us %\ld be f\nd at ! ,pammak>i/os is c]ta9ly surpris+4 ,t emp]or 0 buri$1 accord+ to ! hi/orian ,nicetas ,*oniates1 9 ! *ur* ( ,s4 ,savi\r ! ,philan?ropi/1#bda ne> ! palace ( ,mangana1 on ! ea/ %ore ( ! city4 ,nor c\ld ! body ( a ,byzant9e autocrator h be5 laid orig9ally 9 a s>cophagus su* z ,bren+ & ,s*weigg] describe4 ,^! difficulties 9 ! way ( reg>d+ ! monum5t z g5u9e are met by ! sugge/ion made by ,mr4 ,sid]ides1 t :5 ! *ur* ( ,*ri/ ! ,philan?ropi/ 0 appropriat$ by ! ,turks 9 connection ) ! build+ ( ! ,s]aglio1 "s patriotic h& remov$ ! rema9s ( ,alexius ,comn5us f ! spl5did c(f9 9 :i* !y 7 fir/ entomb$1 &1 plac+ !m 9 :at prov$ a conv5i5t receptacle1 c>ri$ !m = safe keep+ to ! ,pammak>i/os4 ,! /atem5t t ,anna ,comn5a1 ! celebrat$ daught] ( ,alexius ,comn5us1 0 also buri$ 9 ?is *ur* re/s ^u ! misund]/&+ ( a passage 9 ! "w ( ,m4 ,crusius1 :]e1 speak+ ( t pr9cess1 ! au?or says3 ',quae 7,anna7 anno ,dom9i #aaag vixit2 filia ,alexii ,comn5i ,imp4 cujus sepul*rum adhuc ex/at 9 templo patri>*atus ,con/ant9opli a ,d4 ,/eph4 ,g]la*io visum4'#bdb ,b cujus 7^:7 ref]s1 n to ,anna1 b to ,alexius4 ,?is r5d]+ is put beyond dispute by ! /atem5t made by ,g]la* 9 a lett] to ,crusius1 t he f\nd1 9 ! ,pammak>i/os1 'sepul*rum ,alexii ,comn5i ,greek3 autokratoros1' ! tomb ( ! ,emp]or ,alexius ,comn5us4#bdc ,! *ur* 0 conv]t$ into a mosque "u ,murad ,,iii4 7#aegd-aeib71 & be>s ! /yle ,fetiyeh1 '( ! conqu]or1' 9 hon\r ( ! conque/ ( ,georgia & ,az]baijan dur+ 8 reign4 ,accord+ to ,g]la*1 ! *ange _h be5 fe>$ = "s "t1 if = no o!r reason1 because ( ! f9e position occupi$ by ! *ur*4 ,b qu>rels betwe5 diff]5t factions ( ! ,greek cl]gy & betwe5 !m & ,gov]nm5t (ficials _h also some?+ to d ) ! confiscation ( ! build+4#bdd ,:5 ! cross1 :i* glitt]$ above ! dome & gleam$ f> & wide1 indicat+ ! seat ( ! *ief prelate ( ! ,or?odox ,communion1 0 tak5 d[n1 'a great sorr[ befell ! ,*ri/ians4'#bdd ,! humble *ur* ( ,s4 ,demetrius ,kanab\1 9 ! di/rict ( ,balat1 !n became ! patri>*al seat until #afad1 :5 t hon\r 0 conf]r$ ^u ! *ur* :i* /ill reta9s x1 ! *ur* ( ,s4 ,george 9 ! qu>t] ( ,phan>4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,xxxix4 7#a7 ,s4 ,,m>y ,,pammak>i/os4 ,,ea/ ,,end ,,( ,,! ,,p>ecclesion4 7#b7 ,s4 ,,m>y ,,pammak>i/os4 ,,! ,,we/ ,,column ,,9 ,,! ,,p>ecclesion4 ,to face page #adh4 ,ar*itectural ,features ,ow+ to ! num]\s additions & alt]ations introduc$ into ! orig9al fabric1 bo? be=e & s9ce ! ,turki% conque/1 ! orig9al plan ( ! build+ is n imm$iately app>5t4 ,nor does ! int]ior1 ) its heavy pi]s1 rais$ floor1 & nak$ walls correspond to ! acc\nts giv5 ( its =m] spl5d\r & beauty4 ,a c>eful /udy w1 h[ev]1 unravel ! tangl$ s*eme :i* ! actual condition ( ! *ur* pres5ts1 & detect "s traces ( ! beauty :i* has fad$ & pass$ away4 ,! build+ might be mi/ak5 = a dom$ *ur* ) f\r aisles1 two n>!xes1 & a p>ecclesion4 ,b not)/&+ all ! disguises due to ! *anges x has und]gone1 ! orig9al *ur* 0 unque/ionably an 'ambulatory' *ur*4 ,x _h1 moreov]1 at "o "t a ?ird n>!x1 ( :i* n[ only ! f\ndations rema9 on ! we/ side ( ! *ur*4 ,! pres5t out] n>!x is 9 five bays1 cov]$ by dome vaults on transv]se ar*es1 & is pav$ ) hexagonal tiles4 ,! c5tre bay is m>k$ by transv]se ar*es ( great] bread? & projects slightly on ! outside1 =m+ a pla9 c5tral feature4 ,at ! nor? end a door l$ to ! ?ird n>!x1 b has n[ be5 built up2 at ! s\? end is a door ins]t$ 9 ,turki% times4 ,to ! s\? ( ! c5tral bay ! ext]ior is treat$ ) pla9 arcades 9 two ord]s ( brick2 to ! nor? ^! are abs5t1 probably on acc\nt ( "s alt]ations4 ,at ! s\? end ! n>!x returns r\nd ! *ur* 9 two bays1 lead+ to ! p>ecclesion4 ,! inn] n>!x is 9 f\r bays cov]$ ) cross-gro9$ vaults )\t transv]se ar*es1 & is at pres5t sep>at$ f ! body ( ! *ur* by ?ree clumsy hexagonal pi]s1 on to :i*1 z may be se5 9 ! photograph 7,plate ,,xxxvii471 ! gro9s desc5d 9 a v irregul> mann]4 ,9 ! inn] "p ( ! *ur* is a squ>e c5tral area cov]$ by a l(ty drum-dome ( tw5ty-f\r concave comp>tm5ts1 alt]nately pi]c$ by w9d[s4 ,! int]m$iate comp>tm5ts correspond to ! pi]s1 & ! dome is !re=e twelve-sid$ on ! ext]ior ) angle half columns & ar*es 9 two ord]s4 ,int]nally ! dome ar*es are recess$ back f ! l[] wall face & spr+ f a heavy /r+-c\rse4 ,!y 7 orig9ally pi]c$ on ! nor?1 s\?1 & we/ sides by ?ree w9d[s simil> to ^? 9 ! we/ dome ar* ( ,s4 ,&rew 7p4 #aad74 ,! we/ side is n[ occupi$ by ! wood5 balcony ( a ,turki% h\se built ov] ! n>!x1 b !re are no indications ( any gall]y 9 t position4 ,bel[ ! dome ar*es ! c5tral area communicates ) ! surr\nd+ ambulatory on ! nor?1 we/1 & s\? sides by l>ge semicircul> ar*es corbell$ slightly out f ! pi]s4 ,on ! ea/ side ! dome ar* is op5 f floor to vault1 & leads by a %ort bema to a five-sid$ space cov]$ by a dome & =m+ a k9d ( triangul> apse1 on ! s\?-ea/]n side ( :i* is ! mihrab4 ,z is cle>ly %[n by ! "* ( its dome w9d[s & masonry1 ?is /ructure is a ,turki% addition tak+ ! place ( ! orig9al ?ree ea/]n apses1 & is a clev] piece ( plann+ to alt] ! ori5tation ( ! build+4 ,! ambulatory on ! ?ree sides ( ! c5tral squ>e is cov]$ by b>rel vaults on ! sides & ) cross-gro9$ vaults at ! angles4 ,to ! ea/ x op5$ into ! ea/]n lat]al *apels1 n[ swept away1 ?\gh ! passage f ! pro!sis to ! c5tral apse /ill rema9s4 ,on ! nor? side ( ! *ur* is a passage 9 ?ree bays cov]$ by dome vaults on transv]se ar*es1 communicat+ at ! we/ end ) ! inn] n>!x1 & at ! ea/ t]m9at+ 9 a small *apel cov]$ by an octagonal drum dome4 ,! upp] "p ( ! apse ( ! *apel is /ill visible on ! ext]ior1 b ! l[] "p has be5 de/roy$ & its place tak5 by a ,turki% w9d[4 ,! floor ( ! ea/]n "p ( ! *ur* is rais$ a /ep above ! g5]al level1 ?is /ep be+ c>ri$ diagonally across ! floor 9 ! c5tre "p s z to l9e ) ! side ( ! apse conta9+ ! mihrab4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,xl4 7#a7 ,s4 ,,m>y ,,pammak>i/os4 ,,! ,,ea/ ,,column ,,9 ,,! ,,p>ecclesion4 7#b7 ,s4 ,,m>y ,,pammak>i/os4 ,,column ,,flank+ ,,! ,,ea/ ,,w9d[ ,,( ,,! ,,apse ,,( ,,! ,,p>ecclesion4 7#c7 ,s4 ,,m>y ,,pammak>i/os4 ,,! ,,we/ ,,column ,,9 ,,! ,,p>ecclesion4 ,to face page #aej4 ,9 consid]+ ! orig9al =m ( ! *ur* !re is yet ano!r important po9t to be not$4 ,x w be se5 f ! plan t at ! gr\nd level ! c5tral area is n cruci=m1 b is r an oblong f ea/ to we/ ) l>ge ar*es on ! nor? & s\? sides4 ,?is oblong is1 h[ev]1 r$uc$ to a squ>e at ! dome level by ar*es ?r[n across ! ea/ & we/ ends1 & ?is1 9 conjunction ) ! sett+ back ( ! dome ar*es already m5tion$1 produces a cruci=m plan at ! spr++ level4 ,! oblong "* ( ! c5tral area is *>act]i/ic ( ! dom$ basilica & di/+ui%es ?is *ur* f ,s4 ,&rew or ,s4 ,m>y ,pana*rantos4 ,! employm5t ( b>rel vaults 9 ! ambulatory is also a po9t ( resemblance to ! dom$ basilica type1 ?\gh ! cross gro9 is us$ on ! angles4#bdf ,9 ?is feature ,s4 ,m>y ,pammak>i/os resembles ,s4 ,&rew & diff]s f ,s4 ,m>y ,pana*rantos4 ,we are probably ju/ifi$ 9 re/or+ triple arcades 9 all ! ?ree l[] ar*es simil> to ! triple arcade :i* /ill rema9s 9 ,s4 ,&rew4 ,! pres5t ar*es d n fit1 & are evid5tly lat] alt]ations = ! purpose ( ga9+ int]nal space z at ! ,pana*rantos4 ,! hexagonal pi]s betwe5 ! ambulatory & ! inn] n>!x are n orig9al1 z is evid5t f ! clumsy mann] 9 :i* ! vault+ desc5ds on to !m4 ,!y are ! rema9s ( ! old we/]n ext]nal wall ( ! *ur* left ov] :5 x 0 pi]c$ ?r\gh1 probably 9 ,turki% times1 to include ! n>!x 9 ! int]ior area ( ! build+4 ,! pi]s betwe5 ! ambulatory & ! gall]y on ! nor? side ( ! *ur* also seem to be due to op5+s made = a simil> reason 9 ! old nor!rn wall ( ! *ur* :5 t gall]y 0 add$ 9 ,byzant9e days4 ,! dott$ l9es on ! plan %[ ! orig9al =m ( ! pi]s & wall1 z %[n by ! outl9e ( ! vault spr++s above4 ,! inn] n>!x is lat] ?an ! c5tral *ur* & is ( inf]ior workman%ip4 ,! re/or$ plan %[s ! probable =m ( ! *ur* at t date4 ,! out] n>!x 0 add$ at a subsequ5t p]iod4 ,! ,p>ecclesion4--,! p>ecclesion =ms a complete *ur* ( ! 'f\r column' type ) a n>!x & gynecaeum on ! we/4 ,on ! nor? side ! two columns support+ ! dome ar*es h be5 remov$1 & _! place is tak5 by a l>ge po9t$ ,turki% ar* :i* spans ! *apel f ea/ to we/ z is done 9 ! nor? *ur* ( ! ,pana*rantos 7p4 #abi74 ,! s\!rn columns are ( gre5 m>ble ) bases ( a d>k] m>ble & f9ely c>v$ capitals bo? b$d$ 9 lead4 ,"o ( ^! columns1 t to ! ea/1 has be5 p>tly built into ! mihrab wall4 ,! arms ( ! cross & ! we/]n angle comp>tm5ts are cov]$ ) cross-gro9$ vaults1 :ile ! ea/]n angle comp>tm5ts h dome vaults4 ,! bema & ! two lat]al *apels h cross-gro9$ vaults4 ,z usual ! apse is semicircul> )9 & %[s to ! ext]ior sev5 sides1 ! ?ree c5tre sides be+ fill$ ) a triple w9d[ ) c>v$ oblong %afts & cubical capitals4 ,illu/ration3 ,s4 ,,m>y ,,pammak>i/os ,,probable ,,orig9al ,,plan ,,fig4 #dg4 ,int]nally ! *ur* is divid$ by /r+-c\rses at ! abacus level ( ! columns & at ! spr++ level ( ! vaults into ?ree /ories4 ,! l[e/ /ory is n[ pi]c$ by ,turki% w9d[s b 0 orig9ally pla92 ! middle /ory is pi]c$ by s+le-light w9d[s 9 ea* ( ! angle comp>tm5ts1 & 9 ! cross arm by a ?ree-light w9d[ ( two qu>t] ar*es & a c5tral high semicircul> ar*1 simil> to ^? 9 ! n>!x ( ! ,*ora4 ,! highe/ /ory has a s+le l>ge w9d[ 9 ! cross arm4 ,to ! ea/ ! bema ar* spr+s f ! abacus level & all ?ree apses h l[ vaults1 a some:at unusual arrangem5t4 ,?is all[s ( an ea/ w9d[ 9 ! tympanum ( ! dome ar* above ! bema4 ,! dome is 9 twelve bays1 ea* pi]c$ by a w9d[ & sep>at$ by flat project+ ribs4 ,x reta9s its mosaics1 repres5t+ ,*ri/ 9 ! c5tre surr\nd$ by twelve prophets4 ,ea* prophet holds 9 8 h& a scroll inscrib$ ) a *>act]i/ic quotation f 8 writ+s4 ,! draw+1 = :i* ,i am indebt$ to ! skill & k9dness ( ,mr4 ,ar?ur ,e4 ,h5d]son1 gives an excell5t idea ( ! s*eme ( ! mosaics4 ,speak+ ( ^! mosaics1 ,diehl rem>ks t we h "h1 z 9 ! ,*ora1 indications ( ! ,revival ( ,art 9 ! f\rte5? c5tury4 ,! ,*ri/ 9 ! c5tre ( ! dome is no long] repres5t$ z ! /]n & h>d ,pantokrator1 b %[s a c\nt5ance ( inf9ite b5ignity & sweetness4 ,! twelve prophets gr\p$ ar\nd ,him 9 ! flut+s ( ! dome reveal1 9 ! v>iety ( _! expressions1 9 _! diff]5t attitudes1 9 ! h>moni\s col\rs & elegant drap+ ( _! robes1 an arti/ :o seeks to escape f traditional types & create a liv+ "w ( 8 own4#bdg ,! n>!x is 9 ?ree bays cov]$ by cross-gro9$ vaults )\t transv]se ar*es4 ,! l[] w9d[ is a ,turki% ins]tion1 & above x1 ris+ f ! vault+ /r+-c\rse at ! level ( ! abacus c\rse 9 ! *ur*1 is a triple w9d[ ( ! type already describ$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #dh4 7,= o!r details see ,fig4 #fh47 ,above ! n>!x & approa*$ by a n>r[ /air 9 ! ?ickness ( ! we/ wall is ! small gynecaeum4 ,x is 9 ?ree bays1 sep>at$ by /rong transv]se ar*es re/+ on pila/]s1 ea* bay hav+ a deep recess to ea/ & we/4 ,! c5tre bay is cov]$ by a cross-gro9$ vault1 & ov]looks ! *ur* by a small w9d[ pi]c$ 9 ! we/ cross arm4 ,ea* ( ! side bays is cov]$ by a drum dome ( sixte5 concave bays pi]c$ ) eight w9d[s & ext]nally octagonal4 ,! pla/] has fall5 away f ^! bays1 all[+ u to see t !y are built 9 regul> c\rses ( brick ) ?ick mort> jo9ts & )\t any special /r5g!n+ at ! l9es ( juncture or ribs betwe5 ! comp>tm5ts4 ,su* domes1 !re=e1 are n /rictly ribb$ domes b r domes 9 comp>tm5ts4 ,! 'ribs' no d\bt d1 by _! extra ?ickness1 add to ! /r5g? ( ! vault1 b "h1 z 9 mo/ ,byzant9e domes1 _! purpose is prim>ily ornam5tal4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,xli4 7#a7 ,s4 ,,m>y ,,pammak>i/os4 ,,int]ior ,,view ,,( ,,! ,,dome ,,( ,,! ,,p>ecclesion4 7#b7 ,s4 ,,m>y ,,pammak>i/os4 ,,mosaic ,,9 ,,! ,,dome ,,( ,,! ,,p>ecclesion4 ,to face page #aed4 ,! ext]ior ( ! *apel1 l ! faade ( ,s4 ,!odore 7p4 #bdg71 pres5ts a c>efully consid]$ s*eme ( decoration1 *>act]i/ic ( ! lat] ,byzant9e s*ool bo? "h & 9 ! lat] s*ools outside ,con/ant9ople4 ,! s\!rn wall is divid$ ext]nally z x is also int]nally1 into ?ree /ories1 & =ms two ma9 comp>tm5ts correspond+ to ! n>!x & to ! cross arm4 ,!y are m>k$ by high ar*es ( two ord]s1 :i* enclose two triple w9d[s 9 ! upp] /ory ( ! n>!x & ( ! cross arm4 ,! clue to ! composition is giv5 by ! middle /ory1 :i* conta9s ! two l>ge triple w9d[s ( ! n>!x & ( ! cross arm1 & ! two s+le lights ( ! angle comp>tm5t1 "o on ea* side ( ! cross arm triple light4 ,^! w9d[s are enclos$ 9 brick ar*es ( two ord]s & l9k$ toge!r by semicircul> ar*$ ni*es1 ( :i* ^? flank+ ! n>!x w9d[ are slightly l>g] ?an ! re/1 ?us giv+ a cont9u\s arcade ( a v pleasant rhy?mic quality4 ,9 ! l[] /ory ! pi]s ( ! ar*es r\nd ! triple w9d[s are alone c>ri$ d[n ?r\gh ! inscrib$ /r+-c\rse :i* sep>ates ! /ories & =ms ! w9d[-sill4 ,! sy/em ( ni*es is repeat$1 flat ni*es be+ sub/itut$ = ! angle comp>tm5t w9d[s above4 ,! highe/ /ory conta9s ! l>ge s+le w9d[s :i* light ! cross arm & ! gynecaeum1 ! =m] flank$ by two semicircul> ni*es1 ! latt] by two brick r\ndels ) radiat+ jo9ts4 ,betwe5 !m1 above ! we/ angle comp>tm5t w9d[1 is a flat ni*e ) a ,turki% ar*4 ,x is possible t !re 0 orig9ally a break "h ext5d+ to ! cornice1 & t ?is 0 fill$ up dur+ ,turki% repairs4 ,! cornice has two ranges ( brick d5tils & is ar*$ ov] ! two l>ge w9d[s4 ,! domes on ! build+ h flat angle pila/]s support+ an ar*$ cornice4 ,! masonry is 9 /ripes ( brick & /one c\rses1 ) radiat+ jo9ts to ! ar*$ ni*es & a zigzag patt]n 9 ! sp&rils ( ! fir/-/ory ar*es4 ,at ?is level are f\r c>v$ /one corbels ) not*es on ! upp] side1 evid5tly to take a wood5 beam4 ,^! mu/ h support$ ! ro( ( an ext]nal wood cloi/]4 ,! inscrib$ /r+-c\rse already m5tion$ betwe5 ! gr\nd & fir/ /ories be>s a long epitaph 9 hon\r ( ,mi*ael ,glabas ,t>*aniotes4#bdh 7,fig4 #di47 ,! ?ree apses at ! ea/ end are ( equal height4 ,! side ones are mu* worn b 7 app>5tly pla94 ,! c5tre apse is 9 ?ree /ories ) alt]nately flat & circul> ni*es 9 ea* side4 ,x is cr[n$ by a ma*icolat$ cornice simil> to t on ! ea/ end ( ,s4 ,!odosia4 ,! g5]al composition1 z w be se5 f ! description1 arises v directly f ! int]nal arrangem5ts ( ! *apel & is extremely satisfactory4 ,! ranges ( ar*es1 v>y+ 9 a mann] at fir/ irregul>1 b pres5tly se5 to be p]fectly symmetrical1 give a rhy?mic sw+ to ! design4 ,! walls are n[ heavily pla/]$ & ! effect ( ! horizontal b&s ( brick & /one is lo/2 b ev5 9 its pres5t /ate ! build+ is a v delightful example ( ,byzant9e ext]nal ar*itecture4 ,evid5tly ! f\ndress ( ! *apel wi%$ ! monum5t %e re>$ to h] husb&'s memory to be z beautiful bo? )9 & )\t z ! ta/e & skill ( ! times c\ld make x4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,xlii4 ,s4 ,,m>y ,,pammak>i/os4 ,,s\? ,,side ,,( ,,! ,,p>ecclesion4 ,to face page #aef4 ,:at in=mation we h 9 reg>d to ! *apel is little1 b cle> & def9ite1 re/+ z x does on ! au?ority ( ! two epitaphs :i* ! poet ,philes compos$ to be inscrib$ on ! int]ior & ext]ior walls ( ! build+4 ,"o ( ! epitaphs1 if ev] plac$ 9 position1 has be5 de/roy$ or lies conceal$ "u ,turki% pla/]4 ,( ! o!r only fragm5ts rema91 =m+ "p ( ! s*eme ( decoration :i* adorns ! s\? wall ( ! *apel4 ,b =tunately ! complete text ( bo? epitaphs is pres]v$ 9 ! extant writ+s ( _! au?or1 & af=ds all ! in=mation !y 7 meant to record4 ,! *apel 0 d$icat$ to ,*ri/ z ! ,logos#bdi & 0 built aft] ! dea? ( ! proto/rator by 8 wife ,m>ia1 or ,m>?a 9 religion1 = a mausoleum 9 :i* to place 8 tomb4#bej ,z ! proto/rator di$ ab\t #acae1 ! *apel 0 erect$ soon aft] t date4 ,an int]e/+ incid5t occurr$ 9 ?is *apel soon aft] ! ,turki% conque/4 ,"o day :5 ! ,sultan 0 rid+ ?r\gh 8 newly acquir$ capital he came to ! ,pammak>i/os1 & ^u be+ in=m$ t x 0 ! *ur* assign$ to ! ,patri>* ,g5nadius1 alight$ to hon\r ! prelate ) a visit4 ,! meet+ took place 9 ?is p>ecclesion1 & ! conv]sation1 ( :i* a summ>y acc\nt 0 aft]w>ds s5t to ! ,sultan1 dwelt on ! dogmas ( ! ,*ri/ian ,fai?4#bea ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #di4 ,! text ( ! epitaph1 portions ( :i* appe> on ! ext]ior face ( ! s\? wall ( ! p>ecclesion ( ! *ur* ( ! ,pammak>i/os 7,c>m9a ,philae1 ccxxiii4 ed4 ,mill]1 vol4 i4 pp4 #aag-ah7 reads z foll[s3-- ,greek3 ,an]1 to phs1 to pneuma1 to prosph!gma m\1 kai t\to soi to dron ek ts syzyg\2 sy m5 g> hs agrypnos en ma*ais len hypnois1 hypel?n anti lo*ms ton taphon2 eg de soi teteu*a petraian /egn1 #e m pal9 heurn ho /ratos se syn*e1 kan deuro ton *\n ekt9axas ekrybs1 t\ pa*\s rheusantos hrpags an1 pan hoplon apheis ekkremes t pattal2 tas g> epi gs ebdelyx pa/adas #aj en eutelei tribni phygn bion kai pros not\s antetax satrapas1 /]rhan met5dys ek !\ panteu*ian4 hs o/reon g\n organ soi ton taphon1 ko*lon kalyka k5trd\s bat\2 #ae m>g>e m\1 porphyra1 gs alls rhodon1 ei kai tryg!n ekpiez tois li?ois hs kai /alagm\s prox5e9 moi dakryn1 autos de kai zn kai ,!on znta blepn hs n\s ka?>os tn pa?n tn ex hyls #bj ton son pal9 ?alamon eutrepize moi2 h syzygos pr9 tauta soi ,m>?a graphei1 prto/rator kalli/e kai te?amm5n4#beb ,o my husb&1 my light1 my brea?1 :om ,i n[ greet4 ,?is gift to !e also is f ?y wife4 ,= ?\ inde$ :o wa/ l a sleepless lion 9 battles ,sleepe/1 hav+ to endure ! grave1 in/ead 7( occupy+7 ?y lair4 ,b ,i h erect$ = !e a dwell+ ( /one1 ,le/ ! army f9d+ !e aga91 %\ld tr\ble !e1 ,al?\gh "h ?\ art hidd51 hav+ ca/ (f ?y 7body (7 clay1 ,or1 ! gross fle% hav+ dropp$ (f1 ?\ ha/ be5 transport$ above1 ,leav+ e weapon hung up on its peg4 ,= ?\ did/ abhor ! mansions 9 ! _w1#bec ,hav+ fl$ f life 9 ! *eap cloak 7( a monk71 ,& did/ confront invisible pot5tates1 ,hav+ receiv$ in/ead 7( ?9e own arm\r7 a /rong panoply f ,god4 ,!re=e ,i w con/ruct = !e ?is tomb z a pe>l oy/] %ell1 ,or %ell ( ! purple dye1 or bud on a ?orny bri]4 ,o my pe>l1 my purple1 rose ( ano!r clime1 ,ev5 ?\gh be+ pluck$ ?\ art press$ by ! /ones ,s z to cause me %$d+s ( te>s4 ,yet ?\ ?yself1 bo? liv+ & behold+ ! liv+ ,god1 ,z a m9d pure f mat]ial passions1 ,prep>e = me aga9 ?y home4 ,m>?a1#bed ?y wife =m]ly1 writes ^! ?+s to !e1 ,o proto/rator1 faire/ also ( ! dead6 ,! foll[+ epitaph 9 hon\r ( ! proto/rator ,glabas#bed 0 to be plac$ 9 ! p>ecclesion ( ! *ur* ( ! ,pammak>i/os 7,c>m9a ,philae1 ccxix41 ed4 ,mill]1 vol4 i4 pp4 #aae-af73-- ,greek3 ,epigramma eis ton naon hon kodoms5 h t\ prto/ratoros symbios apo?anonti t &ri auts4 h m5 dia s\ pasa tn ontn physis ou dynatai *re9 se tn prtn phys92 plrois g> autn alla kai plein m5eis1 ,!\ ,loge zn kai draki to pan ph]n1 kan s>x al?s heure!is p]igraph1 #e psy*ais de pi/ais my/iks enidry monn seaut pgnyn a?anaton2 ouk\n de*\ ton oikon hon teteu*a soi deiknynta saphs ts psy*s m\ tn s*es92 ton syzygon de pheu teleutsanta moi #aj kai ts *oiks apana/anta /egs1 oikison eis aph?>ton autos pa/ada1 kantau?a trn tn soron t\ leipsan\1 m tis ene*? syntrib tois o/eois4 #ae prto/rator kai tauta sn dp\ *>9 h syzygos pr91 alla nyn ,m>?a graphei4 ,! :ole nature ( exi/+ ?+s :i* ?\ ha/ made ,_c conta9 ,!e1 ! primordial nature1 ,= ,?\ fille/ x1 & yet rema9e/ m ?an x2 ,o ,logos ( ,god1 liv+ & hold+ all 9 ! holl[ ( ,?y h&1 ,al?\gh z true fle% ,?\ art circumscrib$1 ,& dwelle/1 my/ically1 9 fai?ful s\ls1 ,e/abli%+ = ,?yself an immortal habitation1 ,yet accept ! h\se :i* ,i h built = ,!e1 ,:i* %[s cle>ly ! disposition ( my s\l4 ,my husb& :o1 alas6 has di$ to me ,& gone =? f 8 h\se ( clay1 ,d ,?\ ,?yself settle 9 an incorruptible mansion1 ,gu>d+ also "h ! %r9e ( 8 rema9s1 ,le/ any injury %\ld befall 8 bones4 ,o proto/rator1 ^! ?+s1 too1 = ?y sake ,i tr[1 ,writes %e :o ere:ile 0 ?y wife1 b n[ is ,m>?a4#bef ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ej4 ,to face page #afj4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ea4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #eb4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ec4 #bae ,see ! ma/]ly articles ( ,mr4 ,sid]ides 9 ! ,proce$+s ( ! ,greek ,syllogos ( ,c4,p42 supplem5t to vols4 xx4-xxii4 pp4 #ai-cb2 vol4 xxix4 pp4 #bfe-gc4 ,i beg to ackn[l$ge my great indebt$ness to _! le>n$ au?or4 #baf ',?is is ! ?\ghtful de$ ( ,john ,comn5us & ( 8 consort ,anna ( ! family ,ducas4 ,grant to !m1 ,o ,pure ,"o1 ri* grace & appo9t !m dwell]s 9 ! h\se ( ,god4' #bag ,vol4 ii1 p4 #ahc4 #bah ,c>m9a ,philae1 vol4 i4 ode #bcg1 l9es #ba-bc4 ,codex ,p>is1 p4 #bda4 #bai ,m4 ,crusius1 ,turcograecia1 p4 #ahi4 #bbj ,x %\ld read1 ,greek3 ,brana9a4 ,see ,sid]ides1 9 ! ,proce$+s ( ! ,greek ,syllogos ( ,c4,p4 vol4 xxix4 p4 #bfg4 #bba ,= ! protove/i>ius1 see ,pa*ym4 i4 pp4 #bje1 #dfi2 ii4 pp4 #fh1 #gb1 #baj2 = ! proto/rator1 see ,pa*ym4 ii4 pp4 #ab1 #dde4 ,! =m] di$ 9 #abhd1 ! latt] ab\t #acae4 ,cf4 ,sid]ides1 ut supra4 ,see on ?is subject ! article ( ,a4 ,e4 ,m>t9i 9 ,atti della ,r4 ,academia di ar*eologia1 lett]e e belle arti1 vol4 xx41 ,napoli1 #aijj4 #bbb ,c>m9a ,philae1 vol4 i4 ,codex ,flor5t4 ode #ie1 l9es #bhj-hb4 #bbc ,see ,c>m9a ,philae1 edit$ by ,e4 ,mill]1 odes #ed1 #eg1 #ei1 #ib1 #afd1 #afe1 #bai1 #bcg1 = ref]5ces to ! proto/rator1 or to 8 wife1 or to ! ,pammak>i/os4 #bbd ,hans ,jacob ,bren+1 ,ori5talis*e ,reyss1 *ap4 xvii4 p4 #ff4 ,he visit$ ,con/ant9ople #aegi-hj4 ,! portraits /ood ',im ,e+ang auff d] re*t5 ,seit51' or1 z ano!r au?ority has x1 '9 patri>*ica porta ext]iore1 9 p>iete dext]o ab +r$i5tibus conspiciuntur1' ,turcograecia1 p4 #ge4 #bbe ,g]la* ref]s to ^! portraits1 b )\t m5tion+ ! names ( ! p]sons !y repres5t$4 ,! leg5ds 7 communicat$ to ,m4 ,crusius 7,turcograecia1 p4 #ge7 by ,!odosius ,zygomalas1 ! protonot>ius ( ! patri>* 9 ! "t ( ,g]la*4 #bbf ,pa*ym4 ii4 pp4 #ahb-hi4 ,:5 ,cosmas 0 appo9t$ patri>* a curi\s incid5t occurr$4 ,a monk ( ! mona/]y ( ! ,pantepoptes prote/$ aga9/ ! nom9ation1 because x _h be5 reveal$ to him t ! p]son :o %\ld fill ! vacant (fice w\ld be> ! "n ,john4 ,su* 0 ! impression made by ?is pr$iction t matt]s 7 s arrang$ t someh[ ,cosmas 0 able to claim t "n also4 ,:]eupon ! monk w5t on to pr$ict h[ _m ye>s ,cosmas w\ld hold (fice1 & t he w\ld lose t position be=e 8 dea?4 #bbg ,pa*ym4 ii4 pp4 #bga-gg4 #bbh ,ibid4 pp4 #bgh-hd4 #bbi ,pa*ym4 ii4 pp4 #bib-ih4 #bcj ,pa*ym4 ii4 pp4 #bih-cjj4 #bca ,ibid4 ii4 p4 #cjc4 #bcb ,ibid4 pp4 #cda-dc4 #bcc ,ibid4 #cdg-he4 #bcd ,cantacuz5e1 ii4 pp4 #ddb-dh2 ,niceph4 ,greg4 pp4 #gja1 #gaj1 #gbf4 #bce ,ducas1 pp4 #aag-ba1 #acd1 #aci-db1 #adh-eb1 #agf4 #bcf ,hi/oria politica1 p4 #af4 #bcg ,phrantzes1 p4 #cjg4 #bch ,see ,g]la*'s description 9 ,turcograecia1 pp4 #ahi-ij4 #bci ,bren+1 ,ori5talis*e ,reyss1 p4 #fh1 'zur re*t5 an d] ,maur5 ,imp4 ,alexii ,comn5i monum5tum von ,/e9w]ck auffs e9fltig/e & s*le*te/e4' #bdj ,salomon ,s*weigg]1 ,e9 newe ,reyssbes*reibung auss ,deuts*l& na* ,con/ant9opel pp4 #aai-bj1 ,*apla9 = m ?an ?ree ye>s 9 ,con/ant9ople1 at ! ,legation ( ! ,holy ,roman ,empire1 #aeha4 ,he gives ! inscription on ! s>cophagus3 ,greek3 ,alexios autokratr tn ,rhmain4 ,!re is an eagle to ! "r ( ! leg5d4 #bda ,p4 #ab1 ,greek3 eis hn eke9os edeimato ,*ri/ t philan?rp monn4 #bdb ,turcograecia1 p4 #df1 :]e ! tomb is fur!r describ$2 'e/ id lapideum1 non insi/5s #d basibus1 s$ integro lapide a t]ra surg5s1 altius quam m5sa1 ad p>ietem templi4' #bdc ,turcograecia1 p4 #ahi4 #bdd ,patr4 ,con/antius1 p4 #gb4 #bde ,hi/oria politica1 p4 #agh4 #bdf ,a b>rel vault is1 h[ev]1 us$ "u ! we/ gall]y ( ,s4 ,!odosia ?\gh cross-gro9$ vaults are us$ 9 ! side 'aisles4' #bdg ,manuel d'art byzant91 p4 #gdb4 #bdh ,! b&s ( m>ble on :i* ! inscription is f\nd 7 cut f m>ble slabs :i* once =m$ "p ( a balu/rade1 = ! upp] side ( ! b&s is cov]$ ) c>v$ "w4 #bdi ,c>m9a ,philae1 i4 pp4 #aae-af1 l9es #d1 #g4 #bej ,ibid4 ,head+ to poem1 & l9es #aj1 #ac-af4 ,second epitaph p4 #aag1 l9es #b1 #e1 #ad4 #bea ,turcograecia1 pp4 #af1 #aji1 ,greek3 endon ts mikras ekklsias kai hraias t\ p>ekklsion4 #beb ,greek3 te?amm5e 7,cod4 ,mon4 fol4 #ajb74 #bec ,alludes to ! retirem5t ( ,glabas f ! _w z a monk4 #bed ,h] "n z a nun4 #bee ,9 ! sup]scription to ?is epigram 9 ! ,flor5t9e & ,muni* ,,mss4 ! "n ,greek3 ,glabas is giv54 #bef ,9 ^! translations ,i h be5 assi/$ *iefly by ,sir ,w4 ,m4 ,ramsay1 ,pr(essor ,bury1 & ,mr4 ,e4 ,m4 ,antoniadi4 ,,*apt] ,,viii ,,*ur* ,,( ,s4 ,,!odosia1 ,,gul ,,jamissi ,!re c be no d\bt t ! mosque ,gul ,jamissi 7mosque ( ! ,rose71 t /&s )9 ! ,gate ,aya ,kap\1 ne> ! ,gold5 ,horn1 0 ! ,byzant9e *ur* ( ,s4 ,!odosia4 ,= ,aya ,kap\ is ! entrance /yl$ 9 ,byzant9e days ! ,gate ( ,s4 ,!odosia 7,greek3 pyl ts hagias ,!odosias71 because 9 ! imm$iate vic9ity ( ! *ur* ( t d$ication4#beg ,?is 0 also ! view curr5t on ! subject :5 ,gyllius#beh & ,g]la*#bei visit$ ! city 9 ! sixte5? c5tury4 ,! ,turki% epi!t ( ! gate ',aya1' ,holy1 is ?us expla9$4 ,du ,cange1#bfj contr>y to all evid5ce1 places ! *ur* ( ,s4 ,!odosia on ! nor!rn side ( ! h>b\r1 or at its head1 ultra s9um4 ,! sa9t is celebrat$ 9 ecclesia/ical hi/ory = h] opposition to ! iconocla/ic policy ( ,leo ! ,isaurian4 ,= :5 t emp]or comm&$ ! eikon ( ,*ri/ ov] ! ,bronze ,gate ( ! ,great ,palace to be remov$1 ,!odosia1 at ! head ( a b& ( wom51 ru%$ to ! spot & ov]?rew ! ladd] up :i* ! (fic]1 *>g$ ) ! execution ( ! imp]ial ord]1 0 climb+ to rea* ! image4 ,9 ! fall ! (fic] 0 kill$4 ,:]eupon a r\gh soldi] seiz$ ,!odosia1 & dragg+ h] to ! =um ( ! ,b\s 7,ak ,s]ai71 /ruck h] dead by driv+ a ram's horn ?r\gh h] neck4 ,naturally1 :5 ! cause = :i* %e sacrific$ h] life triumph$1 %e 0 hon\r$ z a m>tyr1 & m5 said1 ',! ram's horn1 9 kill+ !e1 ,o ,!odosia1 appe>$ to !e a new ,horn ( ,amal!a4'#bfa ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,xliii4 7#a7 ,s4 ,,!odosia4 ,,! ,,ea/ ,,end4 7,e4 ,m4 ,antoniadi47 7#b7 ,s4 ,,!odosia1 ,,f ,,! ,,s\?-,,ea/4 ,to face page #afd4 ,! rema9s ( ! m>tyr$ h]o9e 7 tak5 = burial to ! mona/]y ( ,dexiocrates 7,greek3 to mona/rion to onomazom5on ,dexiokrat\s71 s nam$ ei!r aft] its f\nd] or aft] ! di/rict 9 :i* x 0 situat$4#bfb ,?is expla9s :y ! ,gate ( ,s4 ,!odosia 0 also designat$ ! ,gate ( ,dexiocrates 7,greek3 ,porta ,dexiokrat\s74#bfc ,! e>lie/ ref]5ce to ! *ur* ( ,s4 ,!odosia occurs 9 ! acc\nt ( ! pilgrimage made by ,an?ony1 ,ar*bi%op ( ,novgorod1#bfd to ,con/ant9ople 9 #abjj4 ,allud+ to t %r9e he says3 ',dans un c\v5t1' to quote ! ,fr5* translation ( 8 n>rative1 'de femmes se tr\v5t les reliques de sa9te ,?odosie1 dans une *sse ouv]te en arg5t4' ,ano!r ,russian pilgrim f ,novgorod1#bfe ,/eph51 :o 0 9 ,con/ant9ople 9 #acej1 ref]s to ! conv5t expressly z ! conv5t ( ,s4 ,!odosia3 ',n\s allmes vnr] la sa9te vi]ge ,?odosie1 que 7p*eurs7 n\s baismes2 il y a l un c\v5t en son nom au bord de la m]4' ,! conv5t is aga9 m5tion$ 9 ! description ( ,con/ant9ople by ! ,russian pilgrim#bff :o visit$ ! city %ortly be=e ! ,turki% conque/ 7#adbd-ec74 ',de l 7,bla*]nae7 n\s n\s dirigemes v]s l'e/ et atteignmes le c\v5t de ,sa9te ,?odosie2 la sa9te vi]ge ,?odosie y repose dans une *sse dc\v]te4' ,two o!r ,russian pilgrims1 ,alex&] ! scribe 7#acie71 & ! deacon ,zosimus 7#adai-ba71 likewise ref] to ! relics ( ! sa9t1 b !y d s 9 t]ms :i* create "s difficulty4 ,alex&] saw ! relics 9 ! *ur* ( ! ,pantokrator1#bfg :ile ,zosimus f\nd !m 9 ! conv5t ( ! ',ev]ghetis4'#bfh ,! discrepancy betwe5 ^! /atem5ts may inde$ be expla9$ z "o ( ! mi/akes v easily committ$ by /rang]s :o sp5d only a %ort "t 9 a city1 visit a multitude ( simil> objects dur+ t brief /ay1 & write ! acc\nt ( _! travels at hurri$ mom5ts1 or aft] return+ home4 ,x is on ?is pr9ciple t ,mordtmann#bfi deals ) ! /atem5t t ! relics ( ,s4 ,!odosia 7 kept 9 ! mona/]y ( ! ',ev]ghetis4' ,9 8 op9ion ,zosimus confus$ ! mona/]y ( ,s4 ,savi\r ,eu]getes#bgj ) ! *ur* ( ,s4 ,!odosia1#bga because ( ! proximity ( ! two sanctu>ies4 ,lapses ( memory are ( c\rse possible1 b1 on ! o!r h&1 ! tru/wor?9ess ( a docum5t mu/ n be bru%$ aside too readily4 ,b ! diff]5ces 9 ! /atem5ts ( ! ,russian pilgrims1 z to ! p>ticul> *ur* 9 :i* ! relics ( ,s4 ,!odosia 7 en%r9$1 may be expla9$ )\t *>g+ any ( ! good m5 ) a mi/ake1 if we rememb] t relics ( ! same sa9t might be pres]v$ 9 sev]al sanctu>ies2 t ! cal5d> ( ! ,greek *ur* celebrates f\r sa9ts be>+ ! "n ,!odosia2#bgb &1 la/ly1 t *ur*es ( ! same d$ication /ood 9 diff]5t qu>t]s ( ! city4 ,9 fact1 a *ur* d$icat$ to ! ,!otokos ,eu]getes /ood on ! ,x]olophos above ! qu>t] ( ,psama?ia4#bgc ,/eph5 ( ,novgorod#bgd makes x p]fectly cle> t he v5]at$ ! relics ( ,s4 ,!odosia 9 two diff]5t sanctu>ies ( ! city1 "o ( !m be+ a *ur* beside ! ,gold5 ,horn1 ! o!r /&+ on ! heights above ,psama?ia4 ,s does ! anonym\s pilgrim4#bgd ,! scribe ,alex&]#bgf f\nd ! relics ( ,s4 ,!odosia bo? 9 ! ,pantokrator & 9 ! *ur* ( ,kirm>ta1 above ! qu>t] ( ,psama?ia4 ,x is cle>1 !re=e1 t ,zosimus1#bgg :o places ! relics ( ,s4 ,!odosia 9 ! mona/]y ( ',ev]ghetis1' has 9 m9d ! *ur* ( ! ,!otokos ,eu]getes above ,psama?ia1 & n ! *ur* ( ,s4 ,savi\r ,eu]getes :i* /ood ne> ,s4 ,!odosia beside ! ,gold5 ,horn4 ,,note ,:ile ,zosimus & ,alex&] agree 9 plac+ ! relics ( ,s4 ,!odosia 9 a *ur* 9 ! region ( ,psama?ia1 !y diff] z to ! "n ( t *ur*1 ! =m] nam+ x ,ev]ghetis1 :ile ! latt] /yles x ,kirm>ta4 ,z appe>s f /atem5ts f\nd on pages #ajh1 #afc1 #bje ( ! ,it9raires russes1 ! two sanctu>ies 7 closely connect$4 ,b h[ev] ?is discrepancy %\ld be treat$1 !re c be no d\bt t relics ( ,s4 ,!odosia 7 exhibit$1 n only 9 ! *ur* d$icat$ to h] beside ! ,gold5 ,horn1 b also 9 a *ur* 9 ! s\?-we/]n "p ( ! city4 ,nor c x be d\bt$ t a *ur* 9 ! latt] qu>t] 0 d$icat$ to ! ,!otokos ,eu]getes4 ,t sev]al *ur*es %\ld h claim$ to possess ! relics ( ! h]o9e :o *ampion$ ! cause ( eikons1 assum+ t all ! ,russian pilgrims _h "o & ! same ,s4 ,!odosia 9 m9d1 is n /range4 ,_m o!r popul> sa9ts 7 hon\r$ 9 a simil> fa%ion4 ,! %r9e ( ,s4 ,!odosia 0 fam$ = miracul\s cures4 ,h] horn ( pl5ty 0 fill$ ) gifts ( heal+4 ,twice a week1 on ,w$nesdays & ,fridays1 accord+ to ,/eph5 ( ,novgorod1 or on ,mondays & ,fridays1 accord+ to ano!r pilgrim1 ! relics ( ! sa9t 7 c>ri$ 9 procession & laid ^u sick & impot5t folk4#bgh ,^? 7 days ( high fe/ival4 ,all ! approa*es to ! *ur* 7 pack$ ) m5 & wom5 eag] to witness ! wond]s p]=m$4 ,pati5ts repres5t+ almo/ e compla9t to :i* human fle% is heir fill$ ! c\rt4 ,gifts ( oil & money p\r$ into ! treasury2 ! *ur* 0 a blaze ( light$ tap]s2 ! pray]s 7 long2 ! *ant+ 0 l\d4 ,mean:ile ! suff]]s 7 borne "o aft] ano!r to ! sacr$ relics1 '& :oev] 0 sick1' says ! dev\t ,/eph51 '0 heal$4' ,s pr(\nd 0 ! impression caus$ by "o ( ^! cures 9 #acjf1 t ,pa*ym]es#bgi consid]$ x 8 duty1 z ! hi/orian ( 8 day1 to record ! wond]2 & 8 example may be foll[$ to furni% an illu/ration ( ! beliefs & usages :i* bulk$ l>gely 9 ! religi\s life witness$ 9 ! *ur*es ( ,byzant9e ,con/ant9ople4 ,at ! "t ref]r$ to !re dwelt 9 ! city a deaf-mute1 a well-kn[n object ( *>ity :o support$ himself by petty s]vices 9 b5evol5t h\seholds4 ,:ile ?us employ$ by a family t resid$ ne> ! *ur* ( ! ,holy ,apo/les1 ! poor man "o night saw ,s4 ,!odosia 9 a dream1 & he>d h] comm& to repair ) tap]s & inc5se to ! *ur* d$icat$ to h] hon\r4 ,next morn+ ! deaf-mute made 8 fri5ds und]/& :at _h occurr$ dur+ 8 sleep1 & ) _! help f\nd 8 way to ! designat$ %r9e4 ,!re he 0 ano9t$ ) ! holy oil ( ! lamp be=e ! sa9t's eikon1 & b[$ long 9 humble adoration at h] feet4 ,no?+ rem>kable happ5$ at ! "t4 ,b on 8 homew>d way ! dev\t man felt a /range pa9 9 8 e>1 & ^u putt+ 8 h& to ! sore place1 :at seem$ a w+$ insect flew out & vani%$ f view4 ,wond]+ :at ?is might mean1 he ent]$ ! h\se 9 :i* he s]v$1 & set himself to prep>e ! ov5 9 :i* ! bread = ! family 0 to be bak$ t day4 ,b all 8 ef=ts to k9dle ! fire 7 9 va92 ! wood only smok$4 ,?is w5t on s long t1 l mo/ p]sons "u ! same circum/ances1 ! mu*-tri$ man lo/ 8 temp] & gave way to ! impulse to use bad language4 ,:]eupon sonor\s imprecations on ! ob/9ate fuel %ook ! air4 ,! by/&]s c\ld n believe _! e>s4 ,!y ?\ght ! s\nds proce$$ f "s my/]i\s voice 9 ! ov54 ,b ! deaf-mute prote/$ t he he>d 8 fri5ds talk+1 & assur$ !m t ! words !y he>d 7 8 own2 ,s4 ,!odosia _h op5$ 8 e>s & loos$ 8 tongue4 ,! news ( ! m>vel spread f> & wide & rea*$ ev5 ! c\rt4 ,&ronicus ,,ii4 s5t = ! "y man1 int]rogat$ him1 & 0 s deeply impress$ by ! recital ( :at _h happ5$ t he det]m9$ to proce$ to ! *ur* ( ,s4 ,!odosia 9 /ate1 & w5t ?i!r ) ! patri>* & ! s5ate1 humbly on foot1 & sp5t ! :ole night be=e ! wond]-work+ %r9e 9 pray] & ?anksgiv+4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,xliv4 7#a7 ,s4 ,,!odosia4 ,,int]ior1 ,,look+ ,,nor?-,,ea/4 7#b7 ,s4 ,,!odosia4 ,,! ,,ea/]n ,,dome ,,ar*4 ,to face page #afh4 ,! la/ sc5e witness$ 9 ?is *ur* z a ,*ri/ian sanctu>y 0 pa!tic 9 ! extreme4 ,x 0 ! vigil ( ! day sacr$ to ! memory ( ! sa9t1 ,may #bi1 #adec4 ,! siege ( ! city by ! ,turks _h rea*$ its crisis4 ,! morn+ light w\ld see ! ,que5 ( ,cities sav$ or lo/4 ,all he>ts 7 torn ) anxiety1 & ! religi\s f]v\r ( ! population rose to ! highe/ pit*4 ,already1 9 ! c\rse ( ! previ\s day1 a great procession _h gone ?r\gh ! /reets ( ! city1 invok+ ! aid ( ,god & ( all ,8 sa9ts4 ,! emp]or & ! lead+ p]sonages ( 8 c\rt 7 9 ,s4 ,sophia1 pray+1 weep+1 embrac+ "o ano!r1 =giv+ "o ano!r1 all feel+ oppress$ by a s5se ( doom4 ,9 ! t]rible d>kness ! *ur* ( ,s4 ,!odosia1 ablaze ) light$ tap]s1 gleam$ l a beacon ( hope4 ,an imm5se congregation1 includ+ _m wom51 fill$ ! build+1 & pray]s asc5d$ to ,heav5 ) unwont$ e>ne/ness--:5 sudd5ly ! tramp ( soldi]s & /range %\ts 7 he>d4 ,_h ! city inde$ fall58 ,! entrance ( ,turki% troops into ! *ur* remov$ all d\bt1 & ! m5 & wom5 :o _h ga!r$ to pray = deliv]ance 7 c>ri$ (f z prison]s ( w>4#bhj ,accord+ to ! ,belgic ,*ronicle1 ! body ( ! sa9t & o!r relics 7 ?r[n into ! mire & ca/ to ! dogs4#bha ,ar*itectural ,features ,z ! build+ has und]gone ext5sive repairs s9ce x became a mosque1 c>e mu/ be tak5 to di/+ui% betwe5 ! orig9al features ( ! fabric & ,turki% *anges & re/orations4 ,! po9t$ dome ar*es re/ on pila/]s built aga9/ ! int]nal angles ( ! cross4 ,! dome is w9d[less1 has no int]nal drum1 & ext]nally is octagonal ) a l[ drum & a flat cornice4 ,dome1 ar*es1 & pila/]s are all evid5tly ,turki% recon/ructions4 ,! gable walls ( ! transepts & ! we/]n wall are also ,turki%4 ,z ! c5tral apse co9cid$ ) ! ori5tation ( ! mosque1 x has reta9$ its orig9al =m & "s portions ( its ,byzant9e walls1 b x also has suff]$ ,turki% alt]ations4 ,! cross ar*es 9 ! s\? gall]y & 9 ! n>!x are po9t$1 &1 9 _! pres5t =m1 unque/ionably ,turki%2 b z ! vault above !m is ,byzant9e1 _! =m may be due to cutt+ away 9 ord] to secure a fre] passage r\nd ! gall]ies = ! conv5i5ce ( ,moslem wor%ipp]s4 ,! out] n>!x is ,turki%1 b ! old wall :i* =ms its f\ndation & traces ( an old pavem5t imply ! =m] exi/5ce ( a ,byzant9e n>!x4 ,9 spite1 h[ev]1 ( ^! s]i\s *anges ! build+ pres]ves its orig9al *>act]i/ic features1 & is a good example ( a dom$-cross *ur*1 ) gall]ies on ?ree sides & domes ov] ! f\r angle-*amb]s4 ,! gall]ies re/ on a triple arcade support$ by squ>e pi]s4 ,on ! nor? & s\? ! aisles are cov]$ ) cross-gro9$ vaults on oblong comp>tm5ts1 :ile ! passage or n>!x "u ! we/]n gall]y has a b>rel vault4 ,! *amb]s at ! nor?-ea/]n & s\?-ea/]n angles ( ! cross are ?r[n into ! side *apels1 :i* ?us consi/ ( two bays cov]$ ) cross-gro9$ vaults4 ,communication betwe5 ! *apels & ! bema 0 ma9ta9$ by passages op5+ 9 ! ord9>y fa%ion into ! ea/]n bays4 ,9 ! ?ickness ( ea* ( ! ea/]n dome pi]s1 & at a %ort di/ance above ! floor1 is a small *amb]4 ,! *amb] 9 ! nor?-ea/]n pi] is light$ by a small op5+ look+ s\?w>ds1 & 0 rea*$ by a door 9 ! ea/ side ( ! passage lead+ f ! bema to ! nor?-ea/]n *apel4 ,! door has be5 wall$ up1 & ! *amb] is consequ5tly inaccessible4 ,! *amb] 9 ! s\?-ea/]n pi] is light$ by a w9d[ look+ nor?w>ds1 & has a door 9 ! ea/ side ( ! passage f ! bema to ! s\?-ea/]n *apel4 ,ov] ! door is a ,turki% inscription#bhb 9 gilt lett]s to ?is effect1 ',tomb ( ! ,apo/les1 disciples ( ,jesus4 ,peace to him4' ,! *amb] is rea*$ by a %ort spiral /airway ( n9e /one /eps1 & conta9s a small m>ble tomb1 :i* is cov]$ ) %awls1 & has a turban ar\nd its head/one4 ,on a bracket 9 ! wall is a lamp ready to be light$ 9 hon\r ( ! deceas$4 ,! ro( ( ! *amb] is p]=at$ by an op5+ t runs into ! floor at ! ea/ end ( ! s\!rn gall]y1 & ov] ! op5+ is an iron grat+4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ed4--,s4 ,,!odosia4 ,,! ,,int]ior1 ,,look+ ,,we/4 7,f a ,photograph47 ,access to ! gall]ies is ga9$ by means ( a /aircase 9 ! nor!rn bay ( ! passage "u ! we/]n gall]y4 ,= "s di/ance f ! floor ( ! *ur* ! /aircase has wood5 /eps1 b f ! fir/ l&+1 :]e a door 9 ! nor!rn wall /&s on a level ) ! gr\nd outside ! *ur*1 /one /eps are employ$ = ! rema9d] ( ! way up4 ,! wood5 /eps are ,turki%1 b may replace ,byzant9e /eps ( ! same mat]ial4 ,! /one /eps are ,byzant9e1 & c\ld be rea*$ directly f outside ! *ur* ?r\gh ! door situat$ beside ! l&+ f :i* !y />t4 ,probably 9 ,byzant9e days ! /one /aircase c\ld n be rea*$ f ! floor ( ! *ur*1 & furni%$ ! only means ( access to ! gall]ies4 ,! gall]ies are cov]$ by ! b>rel vaults ( ! cross arms4 ,at ! ea/ end ( ! nor!rn & ! s\!rn gall]y are *apels cov]$ ) domes & plac$ above ! pro!sis & ! diaconicon4 ,z /at$ already1 ! ap]ture 9 ! ro( ( ! *amb] 9 ! s\?-ea/]n dome pi] op5s into ! floor ( ! s\!rn *apel1 & probably a simil> ap]ture 9 ! ro( ( ! correspond+ *amb] 9 ! nor?-ea/]n pi] op5$ into ! floor ( ! *apel at ! ea/ end ( ! nor!rn gall]y4 ,! pres5ce ( *apels 9 su* an unusual position is expla9$ by ! desire to celebrate special s]vices 9 hon\r ( ! sa9ts ^: rema9s 7 buri$ 9 ! *amb]s 9 ! pi]s1 z ?\gh 9 crypts4 ,! domes ov] ! *apels are hemisph]ical & re/ directly on ! p5d5tives4 ,!y are ribless & )\t drums4 ,! ar*es on :i* !y re/ are semicircul> &1 ) _! infill+ ( triple w9d[s1 are ,byzant9e4 ,we may safely set d[n all f\r angle domes z belong+ to ! orig9al design1 ?\gh ! ar*es by :i* !y communicate ) ! gall]ies are po9t$1 & are !re=e ,turki% ins]tions or enl>gem5ts4 ,on ! ext]ior ! ea/]n wall ( ! *ur* is fairly well pres]v$4 ,! ?ree apses project boldly2 ! c5tral apse 9 sev5 sides1 ! lat]al apses 9 ?ree sides4 ,al?\gh ! c5tral apse is unque/ionably a piece ( ,byzant9e "w x does n appe> to be ! orig9al apse ( ! build+1 b a sub/itute ins]t$ 9 ! c\rse ( repairs be=e ! ,turki% conque/4 ,?is acc\nts = its pla9 appe>ance z comp>$ ) ! lat]al apses1 :i* are decorat$ ) f\r ti]s ( five ni*es1 correspond+ to ! w9d[ height & ! vault+-level )9 ! *ur*4 ,z on ! apses ( ! ,pantokrator 7p4 #bce7 ! ni*es are %all[ segm5ts 9 plan1 set back 9 "o brick ord]1 & )\t impo/ m\ld+4 ,9 ! l[e/ ti] ?ree ar*es are introduc$ betwe5 pila/]s1 ) a w9d[ 9 ! c5tral ar*4 ,above ! f\r ti]s ( ni*es is a boldly corbell$ cornice1 l t 9 ! *apel atta*$ to ! ,pammak>i/os4 ,"o _c help admir+ h[ an effect s decid$ly ri* & beautiful 0 produc$ by v simple means4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,xlv4 7#a7 ,s4 ,,!odosia4 ,,dome ,,ov] ,,! ,,/aircase ,,to ,,! ,,gall]ies4 7#b7 ,s4 ,,!odosia4 ,,! ,,n>!x1 ,,look+ ,,nor?4 ,to face page #agb4 ,details ( ! til$ floor & ( sev]al c>v$ fragm5ts are giv5 9 ,fig4 #gf4 ,= "s "t aft] ! conque/ ! build+ 0 us$ z a naval /ore4#bhc ,x 0 conv]t$ into a mosque 9 ! reign ( ,sultan ,selim ,,ii4 7#aeff-gd7 by a weal?y c\rti]1 ,hassan ,pa%a1 & 0 kn[n z ,hassan ,pa%a ,mesj$i4#bhd ,its title1 ! mosque ( ! ,rose1 d\btless ref]s to its beauty1 j z ano!r mosque is1 = a simil> reason1 /yl$ ,laleli ,jamissi1 ! mosque ( ! ,tulip4 ,be=e leav+ ! *ur* we may consid] ! claims ( ! tradition t ! *amb] 9 ! s\?-ea/]n dome pi] conta9s ! tomb ( ! la/ ,byzant9e emp]or4 ,! tradition 0 fir/ ann\nc$ to ! g5]al public by ! ,patri>* ,con/antius 9 a lett] :i* he address$ 9 #aheb to ,mr4 ,sc>latus ,byzantius1 8 fell[-/ud5t 9 all p]ta9+ to ! antiquities & hi/ory ( ,con/ant9ople4#bhe ,accord+ to ! patri>*1 ! tradition 0 accept$ by ! ,turki% ecclesia/ical au?orities ( ! city1 & 0 curr5t among ! old m5 ( ! ,greek community resid5t 9 ! qu>t] ( ,phan>2 he himself knew ! tradition ev5 9 8 boyhood4 ,fur!rmore1 di/+ui%$ ,european visitors :o inquir$ = ,byzant9e imp]ial tombs 7 direct$ by ,turki% (ficials to ! *ur* ( ,s4 ,!odosia1 z ! re/+-place ( ! emp]or :o di$ ) ! ,empire2 & ! inscription ov] ! door ( ! *amb] ref]r$ to t *ampion ( ! ,greek cause4 ,/rangely en\gh1 ! patri>* said no?+ ab\t ?is tradition :5 treat+ ( ! *ur* ( ,s4 ,!odosia 9 8 book on ,anci5t & ,mod]n ,con/ant9ople1 publi%$ 9 #ahdd4 ,9 t "w1 inde$1 he assigns ! tomb 9 "q to "s m>tyr :o suff]$ dur+ ! iconocla/ic p]iod4#bhf ,?is /range sil5ce he expla9s 9 8 lett] writt5 9 #aheb z due to prud5ce2 he _h reason !n to 'put ! seal ( ,alex&] ^u 8 lips4' ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ee4 7,= o!r details 9 ! *ur* see ,fig4 #gf47 ,! tradition has rec5tly receiv$ ! hon\r ( be+ support$ by ,mr4 ,sid]ides1 to :om /ud5ts ( ,byzant9e ar*aeology are s deeply indebt$4 ,b :ile accept+ x 9 g5]al1 ,mr4 ,sid]ides ?9ks x is op5 to correction on two po9ts ( detail4 ,9 8 op9ion ! *ur* ( ,s4 ,!odosia 0 n ! fir/ sanctu>y to gu>d ! mortal rema9s ( ,con/ant9e ,palaeologus1 b ! second4 ,nor 0 ! body ( ! fall5 h]o1 :5 ultimately br\ght to ?is *ur*1 plac$1 z ! patri>* suppos$1 9 ! *amb] 9 ! s\?-ea/]n pi]1 b 9 ! *amb] 9 ! pi] to ! nor?-ea/4 ,! reasons urg$ 9 fav\r ( ^! modifications ( ! tradition1 z report$ by ! ,patri>* ,con/antius1 are sub/antially ! foll[+3--,9 ! fir/ place1 ! body ( ! la/ ,con/ant9e1 aft] its decapitation1 01 at ! express ord] ( ! victori\s ,sultan1 buri$ ) royal hon\rs1 ,greek3 meta basiliks tims1#bhg & !re=e1 s ,mr4 ,sid]ides ma9ta9s1 mu/ h be5 int]r$ 9 ! *ur* :i* !n enjoy$ ! highe/ rank 9 ! ,greek community ( ! city1 viz4 ! *ur* ( ! ,holy ,apo/les1 ! patri>*al ca!dral aft] ! appropriation ( ,s4 ,sophia by ! ,turks4 ,! *ur* ( ! ,holy ,apo/les1 h[ev]1 soon lo/ t di/9ction1 & 0 torn d[n to make room = ! mosque :i* be>s ! "n ( ! conqu]or ( ! city4 ,"u ^! circum/ances :at m natural1 asks ,mr4 ,sid]ides1 ?an t pi\s & patriotic h&s %\ld remove z _m objects ( hi/orical or religi\s value z possible f ! doom$ %r9e1 & deposit !m :]e m5 might /ill d !m rev]5ce--especially :5 !re 0 e facility = ! removal ( su* objects1 ow+ to ! fact t a ,*ri/ian ar*itect1 ,*ri/ob\los1 _h *>ge ( ! de/ruction ( ! *ur* & ( ! erection ( ! mosque4 ,"s ( ^? objects 7 d\btless transf]r$ to ! *ur* ( ! ,pammak>i/os1#bhh :]e ! ,patri>* ,g5nadius plac$ 8 ?rone aft] ab&on+ ! *ur* ( ! ,holy ,apo/les2 b o!rs may h be5 tak5 else:]e4 ,& = pro( t ! *ur* ( ,s4 ,!odosia _h ! hon\r ( be+ entru/$ ) ! c>e ( "s ( ! relics remov$ f ! ,holy ,apo/les1 ,mr4 ,sid]ides po9ts to ! inscription ov] ! doorway lead+ to ! *amb] 9 ! s\?-ea/]n dome pi]4 ,accord+ to ! inscription t *amb] is consecrat$ by ! rema9s ( ,*ri/'s apo/les1 i4e4 ! relics :i* =m$ ! peculi> treasure ( ! *ur* ( ! ,holy ,apo/les4 ,?is be+ s1 ,mr4 ,sid]ides argues1 on ! /r5g? ( ! tradition "u review1 t ! rema9s ( ! la/ ,con/ant9e also 7 br\ght f ! *ur* ( ! ,holy ,apo/les to ,s4 ,!odosia "u ! circum/ances describ$4 ,z to ! position ( ! imp]ial tomb :5 ?us transf]r$ to ! *ur* ( ,s4 ,!odosia1 ,mr4 ,sid]ides insi/s t x _c be 9 ! *amb] 9 ! s\?-ea/]n dome pi]3 fir/1 because ! religi\s v5]ation *]i%$ by ,moslems = ! grave 9 t *amb] is inconsi/5t ) ! idea t ! grave conta9s ! a%es ( ! enemy :o1 9 #adec1 resi/$ ! ,sultan's attack ^u ! city2 secondly1 because ! inscription ov] ! doorway lead+ to ! *amb] expressly decl>es ! *amb] to be ! re/+-place ( ,*ri/'s apo/les4 ,h5ce ,mr4 ,sid]ides concludes t if ! tradition be=e u has any value1 ! tomb ( ! la/ ,byzant9e emp]or 0 plac$ 9 ! *amb] 9 ! nor?-ea/]n pi]1 & f9ds confirmation ( t view 9 ! abs5ce ( any respect = ! rema9s deposit$ !re4 ,to ent] into a m9ute criticism ( ?is tradition & ( ! argum5ts urg$ 9 its support w\ld c>ry u f> beyond our scope4 ,nor does su* criticism seem necess>y4 ,! fact t ! la/ ,con/ant9e 0 buri$ ) royal hon\rs af=ds no pro( :atev] t he 0 laid to re/ 9 ! *ur* ( ! ,holy ,apo/les4 ,if he 0 ev] buri$ 9 ,s4 ,!odosia1 he may h be5 buri$ !re f ! fir/4 ,! lat5ess ( ! date :5 ! tradition became public makes ! :ole /ory x tells untru/wor?y4 ,be=e a /atem5t publi%$ 9 ! e>ly "p ( ! n9ete5? c5tury 9 reg>d to ! int]m5t ( ! la/ ,byzant9e emp]or c h any value1 x mu/ be %[n to re/ on in=mation furni%$ ne>] ! "t at :i* ! alleg$ ev5t occurr$4 ,no in=mation ( t k9d has be5 produc$4 ,on ! contr>y1 ! only contempor>y hi/orian ( ! siege ( #adec :o ref]s to ! site ( ! emp]or's grave in=ms u t ! head ( ! la/ ,con/ant9e 0 int]r$ 9 ,s4 ,sophia1 & 8 mutilat$ body 9 ,galata4#bhi ,! patri>*al au?orities ( ! sixte5? c5tury1 z ,mr4 ,sid]ides admits1 :ile pr(ess+ to po9t out ! exact spot :]e ,con/ant9e ,palaeologus fell1 7 ignorant ( ! place :]e he 0 buri$4 ,9 8 "w on ! mosques ( ! city1 writt5 9 #afbj1 ,evlia ,eff5di n only kn[s no?+ ( ! tradition we are consid]+1 b says expressly t ! emp]or 0 buri$ else:]e--9 ! *ur* ( ! mona/]y ( ,s4 ,m>y ,p]ibleptos1 kn[n by ! ,turks z ,s\l\ ,mona/ir1 9 ! qu>t] ( ,psama?ia4 ,9 #aheb a /ory prevail$ t ! grave ( ! la/ ,con/ant9e 0 9 ! qu>t] ( ,vefa ,meidan4#bij ,f all ^! discrepancies x is evid5t t 9 ! confusion att5d+ ! ,turki% capture ( ! city1 ! real site ( ! imp]ial grave 0 soon =gott51 & t all subsequ5t indications ( its position are m]e conjectures1 ! (fspr+ ( ! prop5sity to f9d 9 nameless graves local habitations = popul> h]oes4 ,,note ,! fir/ edition ( ,anci5t & ,mod]n ,con/ant9ople 0 publi%$ 9 #ahbd4 ,9 x !re is no m5tion ( any tomb 9 ! *ur* ( ,s4 ,!odosia4 ,! second edition ( t "w appe>$ 9 #ahdd1 & !re ! au?or speaks ( a tomb 9 ! *ur*1 & sugge/s t x 0 ! tomb ( "s m>tyr 9 ! iconocla/ic p]secution4 ,! patri>*'s lett] to ,sc>latus ,byzantius 0 writt5 9 #aheb1 & publi%$ by ! latt] 9 #ahfb4 ,9 t lett] ! patri>* reports = ! fir/ "t ! tradition t ! tomb 9 ,s4 ,!odosia 0 ! tomb ( ,con/ant9e ,palaeologus4 ,9 #ahea a ,russian visitor to ,con/ant9ople1 ,&rew ,m\ravieff1 :o publi%$ an acc\nt ( 8 travels1 says t 9 ! *ur* ( ,s4 ,!odosia he 0 %[n a tomb :i* ! (ficials ( ! mosque assur$ him 0 ! tomb ( ! la/ ,*ri/ian emp]or ( ! city4#bia ,la/ly1 b n lea/1 9 #ahcb ! *ur* ( ,s4 ,!odosia und]w5t repairs at ! ,sultan's ord]s1 & !n a neglect$ tomb 0 discov]$ 9 ! *ur* by ! ,*ri/ian ar*itect :o _h *>ge ( ! "w ( re/oration1 ,haji ,/eph5 ,gaitanaki ,madit5\ 7see lett] ( ! patri>*74#bib ,x is difficult to resi/ ! impression t ! discov]y ( ! tomb at t "t gave occasion = ! fanciful conjectures curr5t among ,turks & ,greeks 9 reg>d to ! body int]r$ 9 ! tomb4 ,see ! article ( ,mr4 ,sid]ides1 :o gives ! facts j m5tion$1 )\t draw+ ! inf]5ce ,i h sugge/$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ef4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #eg4 ,illu/ration3 ,,figs4 #eh ,,& #ei4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #fj4 #beg ,phrantzes1 p4 #bed2 ,pusculus1 iv4 #aij4 #beh ,de ,bospora ,?racio1 vi4 c4 #b4 #bei ,trkis*es ,tagebu*1 pp4 #ceh1 #ded2 ,patr4 ,con/antius1 p4 #ac4 #bfj ,con/ant4 ,*ri/4 iv4 #aij4 #bfa ,synax41 ,may #bi4-- ,greek3 ,k]as kri\ kte9on se1 ,!odosia1 ph? neon soi tes ,amal!ias k]as4 #bfb ,b&uri1 ii4 p4 #cd4 #bfc ,cod9us1 ,de ,s4 ,sophia1 p4 #adg4 #bfd ,it94 russes1 p4 #ajd4 #bfe ,ibid4 p4 #abe4 #bff ,ibid4 p4 #bcc4 #bfg ,ibid4 p4 #afb4 #bfh ,it94 russes1 p4 #bje4 #bfi ,esq4 top4 p>ags4 #fh1 #fi4 #bgj ,pa*ym4 vol4 i4 p4 #cfe2 ,*roniques grco-roma9es1 pp4 #if1 #ig4 #bga ,nicet4 ,*on4 p4 #geb4 #bgb ,synax4 ,m>* #be1 ,may #bi 7a day sacr$ to two sa9ts nam$ ,!odosia71 ,july #h4 #bgc ,it94 russes1 p4 #bje4 ,n f> f ! *ur* & ci/]n ( ,s4 ,mokius4 #bgd ,ibid4 cf4 pp4 #abb1 #abe4 #bge ,ibid4 pp4 #bcc1 #bcd4 #bgf ,ibid4 pp4 #afb1 #afc4 #bgg ,ibid4 p4 #bje4 #bgh ,it94 russes1 pp4 #bbe1 #bcc4 #bgi ,pa*ym4 i4 p4 #cfe4 #bhj ,ducas1 p4 #bic4 #bha ,du ,cange1 iv4 p4 #aij4 #bhb ,m]kadi hav>iy\n e%abi ,issa alaihusselam4 #bhc ,paspates1 p4 #cbb4 #bhd ,leunclavius1 ,p&4 ,turc4 c4 #abh4 #bhe ,greek3 ,syngraphai hai ,elassones4 #bhf ,greek3 ,melets1 ,a!ns1 #aijh3 ,greek3 ,kn/ant9\ ,palaiolog\ ?anatos1 taphos1 kai spa?4 #bhg ,phrantzes1 pp4 #bij-ia1 ,greek3 kai pro/axei aut\ hoi heure!ntes ,*ri/ianoi e?apsan to basilikon ptma meta basiliks tims4 #bhh ,e4g41 ! column at :i* ,*ri/ 0 sc\rg$ /ood 9 ! *ur* ( ! ,holy ,apo/les be=e ! conque/4 ,x 0 f\nd by ,g]la* aft] ! conque/ 9 ! ,pammak>i/os4--,turcograecia1 p4 #ahi4 #bhi ,see ! ,muscovite's acc\nt 9 ,de?i]'s ,collection ( ,docum5ts relat+ to ! ,siege ( #adec1 vol4 ii4 p4 #aaag4 #bij ,a*m$ ,m\kt> ,pa%a1 a rec5t ,turki% hi/orian ( ! siege ( #adec1 ma9ta9s t ! emp]or 0 buri$ 9 ! *ur* ( ! ,peg 7,bal\kli71 outside ! walls ( ! city4 ,!re is no p]si/5cy 9 ! tradition t associates ,con/ant9e's tomb ) ! *ur* ( ,s4 ,!odosia4 #bia ,lett]s f ! ,ea/ 79 ,russian71 vol4 ii4 pp4 #cdb-dc1 quot$ by ,mr4 ,sid]ides4 #bib ,greek3 ,syngraphai hai ,elassones4 ,,*apt] ,,ix ,,! ,,*ur* ,,( ,s4 ,,m>y ,,diaconissa1 ,,kal5d] ,,haneh ,,jamissi ,close to ! ea/]n end ( ! aqu$uct ( ,val5s1 & to ! s\? ( x1 9 ! qu>t] ( ! mosque ,%ahzad1 is a beautiful ,byzant9e *ur*1 n[ kn[n z ,kal5d] ,haneh ,jamissi4 ,x 0 visit$ by ,gyllius1#bic :o ref]s to its beautiful m>ble revetm5t--ve/ita cru/is v>ii m>moris--b has1 un=tunately1 no?+ to say conc]n+ its d$ication4 ,s9ce t travell]'s "t ! v exi/5ce ( ! *ur* 0 =gott5 by ! ,greek community ( ,con/ant9ople until ,paspates#bid discov]$ ! build+ 9 #ahgg4 ,b ev5 t indefatigable explor] ( ! anci5t rema9s ( ! city c\ld n get access to ! int]ior1 & x 0 res]v$ = ,dr4 ,fre%field 9 #ahhj to be ! fir/ ,european visitor s9ce ,gyllius to ent] ! build+1 & make its int]e/ & beauty kn[n to ! g5]al public4#bie ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,xlvi4 7#a7 ,s4 ,,m>y ,,diaconissa4 ,,view ,,( ,,! ,,nor?-,,we/ ,,side1 ,,tak5 ,,f ,,! ,,aqu$uct ,,( ,,val5s4 7#b7 ,s4 ,,m>y ,,diaconissa4 ,,! ,,nor? ,,arm1 ,,look+ ,,ea/4 ,to face page #ahb4 ,! id5tity ( ! *ur* is a matt] ( pure conjecture1 = we h no tradition or docum5t>y evid5ce on t po9t4 ,paspates#bif sugge/s t x may h be5 ! sanctu>y connect$ ei!r ) ! 'mona/]y ( ,val5s & ,daudatus1' or ) ! 'mona/]y ne> ! aqu$uct1' e/abli%m5ts 9 exi/5ce be=e ! age ( ,ju/9ian ! ,great4#big ,x _c be ! =m]1 because ! mona/]y ( ,val5s & ,daudatus1 :i* 0 d$icat$ to ,s4 ,john ! ,bapti/1 /ood ne> ! *ur* ( ! ,holy ,apo/les close to ! we/]n end ( ! aqu$uct ( ,val5s4 ,x might1 s f> z ! indication 'ne> ! aqu$uct' gives any clue1 be ! sanctu>y ( ! latt] ,h\se1 9 :i* case ! *ur* 0 d$icat$ to ,s4 ,ana/asius4#bih ,b ! ar*itectural features ( ,kal5d] ,haneh ,jamissi d n belong to ! p]iod be=e ,ju/9ian4 ,mordtmann#bii id5tifies ! build+ ) ! *ur* ( ! ,!otokos 9 ! di/rict ( ! ,deaconess 7,greek3 naos ts !otok\ ta ,diakonisss71 & 9 fav\r ( ?is view !re is ! fact t ! site ( ! mosque corresponds1 speak+ broadly1 to ! position :i* t *ur* is kn[n to h occupi$ some:]e betwe5 ! =um ( ,taurus 7n[ repres5t$ by ! ,turki% ,w> ,(fice7 & ! ,philadelphium 7! area ab\t ! mosque ( ,%ahzad71 & n f> (f ! /reet lead+ to ! ,holy ,apo/les4 ,fur!rmore1 ! ri* & beautiful decoration ( ! *ur* implies its importance1 s t x may v well be ! *ur* ( ! ,!otokos ,diaconissa1 at :i* imp]ial processions f ! ,great ,palace to ! ,holy ,apo/les /opp$ to all[ ! emp]or to place a light$ tap] ^u ! alt> ( ! %r9e4#cjj ,!ophanes1#cja ! e>lie/ writ] to m5tion ! *ur* ( ! ,diaconissa1 ascribes its f\ndation to ! ,patri>* ,kyriakos 7#eic-fje7 9 ! f\r? ye> ( 8 patri>*ate1 dur+ ! reign ( ! ,emp]or ,maurice4 ,accord+ to ! hi/orical evid5ce at our comm&1 t *ur* 0 !re=e erect$ t[>ds ! close ( ! six? c5tury4 ,dr4 ,fre%field1#cjb h[ev]1 judg+ by ! =m ( ! *ur* & ! "* ( ! dome1 ?9ks t ,kal5d] ,haneh ,jamissi is 'n e>li] ?an ! eigh? c5tury1 & n lat] ?an ! t5?4' ,le?aby#cjc places x 9 ! p]iod betwe5 ,ju/9ian ! ,great & ! elev5? c5tury4 ',! *ur*1 n[ ! ,kal5d] mosque ( ,con/ant9ople1 probably belongs to ! int]m$iate p]iod4 ,! simil> small cruci=m *ur* ( ,protaton1 ,m\nt ,a?os1 is dat$ c4 #iej4' ,h5ce if ,!ophanes & 8 foll[]s are n to cla% ) ^! au?orities on ar*itecture1 ei!r ,kal5d] ,haneh ,jamissi is n ! *ur* ( ! ,diaconissa1 or x is a recon/ruction ( ! orig9al fabric ( t sanctu>y4 ,to re/ore an old *ur* 0 n an uncommon practice 9 ,con/ant9ople1 & ,kal5d] ,haneh ,jamissi has und\bt$ly se5 *anges 9 ! c\rse ( its hi/ory4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ,diehl is ( ! op9ion t ! build+ _c be lat] ?an ! sev5? c5tury & may be e>li]4#cjd ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,xlvii4 7#a7 ,s4 ,,m>y ,,diaconissa4 ,,! ,,int]ior1 ,,look+ ,,nor?-,,ea/4 7#b7 ,s4 ,,m>y ,,diaconissa4 ,,! ,,int]ior1 ,,look+ ,,s\?-,,ea/4 ,to face page #ahd4 ,ar*itectural ,features ,! *ur* belongs to ! dom$-cross type4 ,! c5tral area is cruci=m1 ) b>rel vaults ov] ! arms & a dome on ! c5tre4 ,z ! arms are n fill$ 9 ) gall]ies ?is cruci=m plan is v m>k$ int]nally4 ,f\r small *amb]s1 9 two /ories1 9 ! arm angles br+ ! build+ to ! squ>e =m ext]nally4 ,! upp] /ories are inaccessible except by ladd]s1 b ! supposition t !y ev] =m$1 l ! simil> /ories 9 ! dome pi]s ( ,s4 ,sophia1 portions ( cont9u\s gall]ies along ! nor!rn1 we/]n1 & s\!rn walls ( ! *ur* is preclud$ by ! "* ( ! revetm5t on ! walls4 ,9 ! developm5t ( ! dom$-cross type1 ! *ur* /&s logically int]m$iate betwe5 ! v>ieties ( t type f\nd respectively 9 ! *ur* ( ,s4 ,!odosia & 9 t ( ,,ss4 ,pet] & ,m>k4 ,! l[] /ory ( ! nor?-we/]n pi] is cov]$ ) a flat circul> ro( re/+ on f\r p5d5tives1 :ile ! upp] /ory is op5 to ! timb]s1 & rises high] ?an ! ro( ( ! *ur*1 z ?\gh x 7 ! base ( "s k9d ( t[]4 ,x pres5ts no indications ( p5d5tives or ( a />t 9 vault+4 ,! orig9al ea/]n wall ( ! *ur* has be5 almo/ totally torn d[n & replac$ by a /raight wall ( ,turki% con/ruction4 ,traces ( ?ree apses at t end ( ! build+ c1 h[ev]1 /ill be disc]n$2 = ! po9ts at :i* ! curve ( ! c5tral apse />t$ are visible on ei!r side ( ! ,turki% wall1 & ! nor!rn apse %[s on ! ext]ior4 ,! nor!rn & s\!rn walls are light$ by l>ge triple w9d[s1 divid$ by %afts & desc5d+ to a m>ble p>apet ne> ! floor 7,plate ,,iv474 ,! dome1 :i* is l>ge 9 proportion to ! *ur*1 is a polygon ( sixte5 sides4 ,x re/s directly on p5d5tives1 b has a comp>atively high ext]nal drum above ! ro(4 ,x is pi]c$ by sixte5 w9d[s :i* foll[ ! curve ( ! dome4 ,! flat1 /raight ext]nal cornice above !m is ,turki%1 & !re is good reason to suspect t ! dome1 tak5 z a :ole1 is ,turki% "w1 = x /rongly resembles ! ,turki% domes f\nd 9 ,s4 ,!odosia1 ,,ss4 ,pet] & ,m>k1 & ,s4 ,&rew 9 ,krisei4 ,! vaults1 moreov]1 bel[ ! dome are v mu* di/ort$2 & ! po9t$ ea/]n ar* l ! ea/]n wall appe>s to be ,turki%4 ,:5 portions ( ! build+ s closely connect$ ) ! dome h und]gone ,turki% repairs1 x is n /range t ! dome itself %\ld also h receiv$ simil> treatm5t4 ,9 ! we/]n faces ( ! pi]s t c>ry ! ea/]n ar* l>ge m>ble frames ( consid]able beauty are ins]t$4 ,! sills are c>v$ & re/ on two %ort columns2 two sl5d] pila/]s ( v]d antique =m ! sides2 & above !m is a flat cornice enri*$ ) ov]hang+ leaves ( acan?us & a small bu/ 9 ! c5tre4 ,)9 ! frames is a l>ge m>ble slab4 ,dr4 ,fre%field ?9ks ^! frames =m$ "p ( ! eikono/asis1 b on t view ! bema w\ld h be5 unusually l>ge4 ,! m probable position ( ! eikono/asis 0 across ! ar* ne>] ! apse4 ,9 t case ! frames j describ$ =m$ "p ( ! g5]al decoration ( ! build+1 al?\gh1 at ! same "t1 !y may h enclos$ isolat$ eikons4 ,eikons 9 a simil> position are f\nd 9 ,s4 ,savi\r 9 ! ,*ora 7,plate ,,lxxxvi474 ,! m>ble cas+ ( ! *ur* is rem>kably f9e4 ,wor?y ( special notice is ! c>eful mann] 9 :i* ! col\rs & ve9+s ( ! m>ble slabs are made to correspond & mat*4 ,! zigzag inlaid patt]n ar\nd ! ar*es also des]ves p>ticul> att5tion4 ,high up 9 ! we/]n wall1 & rea*$ by ! wood5 /airs lead+ to a ,turki% wood5 gall]y on t side ( ! *ur*1 are two m>ble slabs ) a door c>v$ 9 bas-relief ^u !m4 ,!y may be symbols ( ,*ri/ z ! door ( ,8 fold 7,plate ,,iv474 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,xlviii4 7#a7 ,s4 ,,m>y ,,diaconissa4 ,,ea/ ,,end1 ,,nor? ,,side 7,,l[] ,,"p74 7#b7 ,s4 ,,m>y ,,diaconissa4 ,,ea/ ,,end1 ,,nor? ,,side 7,,upp] ,,"p74 ,to face page #ahf4 ,! *ur* has a d\ble n>!x4 ,z ! gr\nd outside ! build+ has be5 rais$ enorm\sly 7x rises #ae-bj feet above ! floor at ! ea/ end7 ! actual entrance to ! out] n>!x is ?r\gh a cutt+ 9 its vault or ?r\gh a w9d[1 & ! floor is rea*$ by a /eep flight ( /one /eps4 ,! n>!x is a long n>r[ ve/ibule1 cov]$ ) b>rel vaults1 & has a ,turki% wood5 ceil+ at ! s\!rn end4 ,! eson>!x is cov]$ ) a b>rel vault betwe5 two cross vaults4 ,! entrance into ! *ur* /&s betwe5 two ,cor9?ian columns1 b !y belong to diff]5t p]iods1 & d n correspond to any /ructure 9 ! build+4 ,9 fact1 bo? n>!xes h be5 mu* alt]$ 9 _! day1 pres5t+ _m irregul>ities & conta9+ useless pila/]s4 ,pr(essor ,goodye> ref]s to ?is *ur* 9 support ( ! !ory t 9 ,byzant9e build+s !re is an int5tional wid5+ ( ! /ructure f ! gr\nd upw>ds4 ',x w also be obs]v$1' he says1 't ! cornice is horizontal1 :]eas ! m>ble cas+ above & bel[ ! cornice is cut & fitt$ 9 oblique l9es4444 ,! outw>d b5d on ! "r side ( ! *oir is #aa-a_/b in*es 9 #cc feet4 ,! masonry surfaces /ep back above ! middle /r+-c\rse4 ,t ^! b5ds are n due to ?ru/ is abundantly app>5t f ! fact t !y are cont9u\s & uni=m 9 incl9ation up to ! solid re> wall ( ! *oir4' ,b 9 reg>d to ! exi/5ce ( an int5tional wid5+ upw>ds 9 ?is build+1 x %\ld be obs]v$3 ,fir/1 t z ! ea/]n wall ( ! *ur*1 '! re> wall ( ! *oir1' is ,turki%1 no?+ c be legitimately inf]r$ f ! features ( t wall ab\t ! "* ( ,byzant9e con/ruction4 ,secondly1 ! set back above ! middle /r+-c\rse on ! o!r walls ( ! *ur* is an ord9>y arrangem5t 9 a ,byzant9e *ur*1 & if ?is 7 all '! wid5+' = :i* ,pr(essor ,goodye> cont5d$ !re w\ld be no room = diff]5ce ( op9ion4 ,! l$ge =m$ by t set back may h s]v$ to support scaffold+4 ,9 ! next place1 due weight mu/ be giv5 to ! di/ortion :i* w\ld inevitably occur 9 ,byzant9e build+s4 ,!y 7 fabrics ( mort> ) brick r ?an ( brick ) mort>1 & consequ5tly too ela/ic n to settle to a l>ge ext5t 9 ! c\rse ( erection4 ,h5ce is x t no measurem5ts ( a ,byzant9e /ructure1 ev5 on ! gr\nd floor1 are accurate )9 m ?an #e cm41 :ile above ! gr\nd !y v>y to a mu* great] degree1 r5d]+ m9ute measurem5ts q valueless4 ,la/ly1 z ! m>ble panell+ 0 fitt$ aft] ! completion ( ! body ( ! build+1 x _h to be adapt$ to any div]g5ce t _h previ\sly occurr$ 9 ! settl+ ( ! walls or ! spread+ ( ! vaults4 ,! m>ble panell+1 x %\ld also be obs]v$1 is "h cut to ! diagonal at "o angle1 & n at ! o!r4 ,ap>t f ! set back ( ! masonry at ! middle /r+-c\rse1 ?is *ur*1 !re=e1 supplies no evid5ce = an int5tional wid5+ ( ! /ructure f ! gr\nd upw>ds4 ,any fur!r wid5+ ?an t at ! middle /r+-c\rse 0 accid5tal1 due to ! nature ( ! mat]ials employ$1 n to ! device ( ! build]1 & 0 all[$ by ! ar*itect because unavoidable4 ,su* irregul>ities are inh]5t 9 ! ,byzant9e me?ods ( build+4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,xlix4 7#a7 ,s4 ,,m>y ,,diaconissa4 ,,s\? ,,eikon ,,frame4 7#b7 ,s4 ,,m>y ,,diaconissa4 ,,detail ,,9 ,,! ,,s\? ,,eikon ,,frame4 ,to face page #ahh4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #fa4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #fb4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,l4 7#a7 ,s4 ,,m>y ,,diaconissa1 ,,look+ ,,we/4 7#b7 ,s4 ,,m>y ,,diaconissa4 ,,capital ,,on ,,column ,,at ,,! ,,entrance ,,to ,,! ,,*ur*4 ,to face page #aij4 #bic ,de top4 ,c4,p4 iii4 c4 #f4 #bid ,p4 #cea4 #bie ,ar*aeologia1 vol4 lv4 "p #b1 p4 #dca4 #bif ,p4 #ceb4 #big ,_! names appe> 9 ! ,lett] address$ to ,m5as1 by ! monks ( ! city1 at ! ,synod ( #ecf4 #bih ,9 ! ,epi/le to ,pope ,agapetus ! mona/]y 'ne> ! aqu$uct' is describ$ z ',ana/asii prope ,agogum1' ,mansi1 viii4 p4 #ijg4 #bii ,esquisses top4 p4 #gj4 #cjj ,con/4 ,porphr4 ,de c]4 i4 p4 #ge4 #cja ,p4 #dbh2 ,b&uri1 i4 p4 #ah2 viii4 pp4 #fig-ih4 #cjb ,ar*aeologia1 vol4 lv4 "p #b1 p4 #dch4 #cjc ,m$iaeval ,art1 p4 #ff4 #cjd ,manuel d'art byzant91 p4 #cab4 ,,*apt] ,x ,,! ,,*ur* ,,( ,,ss4 ,,pet] ,,& ,,m>k1 ,,hoja ,,atik ,,mu/apha ,,jamissi ,! ,byzant9e *ur*1 n[ ,hoja ,atik ,mu/apha ,jamissi1 situat$ 9 ! ,aivan ,s]ai qu>t]1 close to ! ,gold5 ,horn1 is commonly reg>d$ z ! *ur* ( ,,ss4 ,pet] & ,m>k1 because x /&s :]e ! *ur* d$icat$ to ! *ief ( ! apo/les & 8 companion /ood1 9 ! di/rict ( ,bla*]nae 7,aivan ,s]ai7 & ne> ! ,gold5 ,horn4#cje ,su* indications are too vague = a positive op9ion on ! subject1 b p]haps ! ,patri>* ,con/antius1 :o is responsible = ! id5tification1 may h reli$ ^u "s tradition 9 fav\r ( ! view he has made curr5t4#cjf ,,note ,taff]n]1 *apla9 to ! embassy f ,leopold ,i4 ( ,au/ria to ! ,ottoman ,c\rt1 speak+ ( ! patri>*al *ur* 9 8 day 7! pres5t patri>*al *ur* ( ,s4 ,george 9 ! ,phan> qu>t]71 says1 ',a$es haec 9 patri>*atum erecta e/1 po/quam ,sultan ,mehemet basilicam ,petri et ,pauli exceptam ,graecis 9 mos*eam defo$avit' 7,caes>ea legatio1 p4 #hi1 ,vi54 #affh74 ,probably by ! *ur* ( ,,ss4 ,pet] & ,paul he means ?is *ur* ( ,,ss4 ,pet] & ,m>k4 ,if s1 ! traditional "n ( ! build+ is c>ri$ back to ! sev5te5? c5tury4 ,! *ur* ( ,,ss4 ,pet] & ,m>k1 x is true1 nev] s]v$ z a patri>*al *ur*4 ,t hon\r belong$ to ! *ur* ( ,s4 ,demetrius ( ,kanabos1 :i* is 9 ! imm$iate vic9ity1 & has always rema9$ a ,*ri/ian sanctu>y4 ,taff]n] seems to h confus$ ! two *ur*es ow+ to _! proximity to ea* o!r4 ,or 8 language may mean t ! patri>*al seat 0 remov$ f ,s4 ,demetrius :5 ,,ss4 ,pet] & ,paul 0 conv]t$ into a mosque1 because too ne> a build+ :i* _h become a ,moslem place ( wor%ip4 ,! *ur* ( ,,ss4 ,pet] & ,m>k 0 f\nd$1 x is said1 by two patricians ( ,con/ant9ople1 nam$ ,galbius & ,c&idus1 9 #deh1 e>ly 9 ! reign ( ,leo ,i4 7#deg-dgd74 ,b ! pres5t build+ _c be s old4 ,x is a fair "q to ask :e!r x may n be ! *ur* ( ,s4 ,ana/asia ref]r$ to 9 a *rysob\llon ( ,john ,palaeologus 7#acdb71 & m5tion$ by ! ,russian pilgrim :o visit$ ,con/ant9ople 9 ! fifte5? c5tury 7#adbd-ec74cjg ,! *ur* ( ,,ss4 ,pet] & ,m>k 0 erect$ z a %r9e = ! suppos$ tunic ( ! ,!otokos1 a relic :i* play$ an important "p 9 ! =tunes ( ,con/ant9ople on sev]al occasions1 z '! palladium ( ! city & ! *as] away ( all diseases & w>like foes4' ,z (t5 happ5$ 9 ! acquisition ( relics1 ! g>m5t _h be5 secur$ by a pi\s fraud--a fact :i* only enhanc$ ! m]it ( ! purlo9]s1 & gave to ! a*ievem5t ! col\r ( a romantic adv5ture4 ,9 ! c\rse ( _! pilgrimage to ! ,holy ,l&1 ,galbius & ,c&idus discov]$1 9 ! h\se ( a dev\t ,hebrew lady :o ent]ta9$ !m1 a small room fitt$ up l a *apel1 fragrant ) inc5se1 illum9at$ ) lamps1 & cr[d$ ) wor%ipp]s4 ,be+ in=m$ t ! room 0 consecrat$ by ! pres5ce ( a *e/ conta9+ ! robe ( ! "m ( _! ,"l1 ! pi\s m5 begg$ leave to sp5d ! night 9 pray] beside ! relic1 & :ile ?us engag$ 7 seiz$ by an uncontrollable long+ to ga9 possession ( ! sacr$ g>m5t4 ,accord+ly !y took c>eful measurem5ts ( ! *e/ be=e !m1 & at ,j]usalem ord]$ an exact facsimile ( x to be made4 ,?us equipp$ !y lodg$ aga91 on _! homew>d j\rney1 at ! h\se ( _! ,galilean ho/ess1 & once m obta9$ leave to wor%ip 9 its *apel4 ,wat*+ _! opportunity !y ex*ang$ ! *e/s1 & =?) despat*$ ! *e/ conta9+ ! covet$ treasure /raight to ,con/ant9ople4 ,!y !mselves t>ri$ beh9d1 z ?\gh lo? to quit a spot /ill hall[$ by ! sacr$ robe4 ,^u _! return to ! capital ! pi\s ?ieves erect$ a %r9e = _! prize on l& :i* !y own$ 9 ! di/rict ( ,bla*]nae1 & d$icat$ ! build+ to ,,ss4 ,pet] & ,m>k in/ead ( to ! ,!otokos1 z w\ld h be5 m appropriate1 9 ! hope t !y w\ld ?us conceal ! preci\s relic f ! public eye1 & reta9 x = _! special b5efit4 ,b ! secret leak$ out4 ,:]eupon ! emp]or oblig$ ! two patricians to surr5d] _! treasure1 &1 aft] r5ovat+ ! neighb\r+ *ur* ( ! ,!otokos ( ,bla*]nae1 deposit$ ! relic 9 t sanctu>y z its prop] home4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,li4 7#a7 ,,ss4 ,,pet] ,,& ,,m>k1 ,,f ,,! ,,s\?-,,ea/4 7#b7 ,,ss4 ,,pet] ,,& ,,m>k4 ,,font ,,outside ,,! ,,*ur*4 ,to face page #aib4 ,! site ( t celebrat$ *ur* lies at a %ort di/ance to ! we/ ( ,hoja ,atik ,mu/apha ,jamissi1 & is m>k$ by ! ,holy ,well :i* 0 atta*$ to x4 ,! well1 9 ^: wat]s emp]ors & empresses 7 wont to ba!1 is n[ enclos$ by a mod]n ,greek *apel1 & is /ill ! resort ( ! fai?ful4 ,ar*itectural ,features ,! plan ( ! *ur* pres5ts ! simple/ =m ( ! dom$-cross type )\t gall]ies4 ,! dome1 )\t drum1 ribs1 or w9d[s1 is almo/ c]ta9ly a ,turki% recon/ruction1 b ! dome ar*es & pi]s are orig9al4 ,! arms ( ! cross & ! small *amb]s at its angles are cov]$ ) b>rel vaults1 & communicate ) "o ano!r ?r\gh l(ty1 n>r[ ar*es4 ,9 ! treatm5t ( ! nor!rn & s\!rn walls ( ! build+ consid]able ar*itectural elaboration 0 display$4 ,at ! floor level is a triple arcade2 high] up are ?ree w9d[s re/+ on ! /r+-c\rse2 & /ill high] a w9d[ divid$ into ?ree lights4 ,! ar*es 9 ! *ur* are enorm\sly /ilt$1 a feature due to ! fact t ! only /r+-c\rse 9 ! build+1 ?\gh /ructurally correspond+ to ! vault+ spr+1 has be5 plac$ at ! height ( :at w\ld prop]ly be ! column /r+-c\rse4 ,! ?ree apses1 mu* alt]$ by repairs1 project boldly1 all ( !m %[+ ?ree sides on ! ext]ior4 ,! ro( & ! cornice are ,turki%1 & ! mod]n wood5 n>!x has probably replac$ a ,byzant9e n>!x4 ,on ! opposite side ( ! /reet lies a cruci=m font t belong$ to ! bapti/]y ( ! *ur*4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #fc4 ,f a *ur* ( ?is type to ! lat] f\r-column$ plan is b a /ep4 ,! dome pi]s ( ,,ss4 ,pet] & ,m>k are /ill ,symbol3 ,l-%ap$1 & =m ! int]nal angles ( ! cross4 ,z ! ar*es betwe5 su* pi]s & ! ext]nal walls increas$ 9 size1 ! pi]s became small]1 until ev5tually !y 7 r$uc$ to ! typical f\r columns ( ! late *ur*es4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,lii4 7#a7 ,,ss4 ,,pet] ,,& ,,m>k4 ,,int]ior ,,( ,,! ,,dome1 ,,look+ ,,nor?4 7#b7 ,,ss4 ,,pet] ,,& ,,m>k4 ,,look+ ,,across ,,! ,,dome ,,f ,,! ,,s\?-,,we/4 ,to face page #aid4 ,illu/ration3 ,,figs4 #fd ,,& #fe4 #cje ,synax41 ,july #b4 #cjf ,anci5t & ,mod]n ,con/ant9ople1 p4 #hc4 #cjg ,greek3 ,neolog\ hebdomadiaia epi!rsis1 ,janu>y #c1 #ahic1 p4 #bje2 ,it94 russes1 p4 #bcc4 ,,*apt] ,,xi ,,! ,,*ur* ,,( ,,! ,,myrelaion1 ,,bodr\m ,,jamissi ,! id5tification ( ,bodr\m ,jamissi z ! *ur* atta*$ to ! mona/]y /yl$ ! ,myrelaion re/s ^u ! tradition curr5t 9 ! ,greek community :5 ,gyllius visit$ ! city4 ,accord+ to t travell]1 ! *ur* on ! hill ris+ to ! nor? ( ! ea/]n end ( ! g>d5s ( ,vlanga1 ! site ( ! anci5t h>b\r ( ,!odosius1 0 kn[n z ! ,myrelaion--',supra locum hortorum ,blan*ae nuncupatorum1 olim ,portum ,!odosianum cont95tium1 extremam p>tem ad ortum solis p]t95tem1 clivus a ,sept5trione em9et1 9 quo e/ templum vulgo nom9atum ,myreleos4'#cjh ,?is agrees1 s f>1 ) ! /atem5t ( ! ,anonymus#cji ( ! elev5? c5tury1 t ! ,myrelaion /ood on ! side ( ! city look+ t[>ds ! ,sea ( ,m>mora4 ,!re is no record ( ! date :5 ! mona/]y 0 f\nd$4 ,b ! ,h\se mu/ h be5 9 exi/5ce be=e ! eigh? c5tury1 = ,con/ant9e ,copronymus 7#gdj-gge71 ! bitt] iconocla/1 display$ 8 contempt = monks & all _! ways by scatt]+ ! frat]nity1 & *ang+ ! fragrant "n ( ! e/abli%m5t1 ,myrelaion1 ! place ( myrrh-oil1 into ! (f5sive designation1 ,ps>elaion1 ! place ( fi%-oil4#caj ,! mona/]y 0 re/or$ by ! ,emp]or ,romanus ,i4 ,lecap5us 7#iai-ide71 :o devot$ 8 resid5ce 9 ?is di/rict to t object4#caa ,h5ce ! mona/]y 0 sometimes describ$ z '9 ! palace ( ! ,myrelaion1'#cab ,greek3 en tois palatiois t\ ,myrelai\1 & z '! mona/]y ( ! ,emp]or ,romanus1'#cac ,greek3 ,mon t\ basiles ,rhman\4 ,x 0 /rictly speak+ a conv5t1 & became notewor?y = ! di/+ui%$ rank ( "s ( its inmates1 & z ! mausoleum 9 :i* ! f\nd] & _m memb]s ( 8 family 7 laid to re/4 ,"h ,romanus ,,ii4 s5t 8 si/] ,aga?a to take ! veil1 :5 he 0 oblig$ to dismiss h] f ! c\rt to soo! ! jeal\sy ( 8 beautiful b wick$ consort ,!ophano4#cad ,^u ! abdication ( ,isaac ,comn5us1 8 wife ,aeca!r9a & h] daught] ,m>ia retir$ to ! ,myrelaion1 & !re le>n$ t a cr[n may be a badge ( slav]y & ! loss ( x lib]ty4#cae ,"h 7 buri$ ,!odora1#caf ! wife ( ,romanus ,lecap5us1 9 #ibc1 &1 eight ye>s lat]1 8 belov$ son ,*ri/oph]1#cag = :om he m\rn$1 says ! hi/orian ( ! ev5t1 ) a sorr[ 'great] ?an ! griev\s m\rn+ ( ! ,egyptians4' ,"h also ,hel5a1 ! daught] ( ,romanus ,lecap5us1 & wife ( ,con/ant9e ,,vii4 ,porphyrog5itus1 0 laid to re/1 9 #iha1 aft] an impos+ fun]al1 9 :i* ! body 0 c>ri$ to ! grave on a bi] ( gold adorn$ ) pe>ls & o!r preci\s /ones4#cah ,to ?is mona/]y 7 transf]r$1 f ! mona/]y ( ,s4 ,mamas1 ne> ! ,gate ( ! ,xylok]k\1 ! ?ree s>cophagi1 "o ( !m a f9e piece ( "w1 conta9+ ! a%es ( ! ,emp]or ,maurice & 8 *ildr54 ,& "h also ,romanus ,lecap5us himself 0 int]r$ 9 #idh1 8 rema9s be+ br\ght f ! isl& ( ,prot1 :]e 8 unfilial sons1 ,/eph5 & ,con/ant9e1 _h oblig$ him to sp5d ! la/ ye>s ( 8 life z a monk4#cai ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,liii4 ,,myrelaion4 ,,! ,,s\? ,,side4 ,illu/ration3 ,,myrelaion4 ,,! ,,n>!x1 ,,look+ ,,nor?4 ,to face page #aif4 ,ar*itectural ,features ,! build+ is on ! 'f\r column' plan4 ,! dome1 plac$ on a circul> drum1 is support$ on f\r pi]s1 & divid$ into eight concave comp>tm5ts1 ) w9d[s 9 ! alt]nate comp>tm5ts4 ,! arms ( ! cross1 ! *amb]s at ! angles1 & ! bema are all cov]$ ) cross-gro9$ vaults t spr+1 l ^? 9 ! *apel ( ! ,pammak>i/os 7p4 #aea71 f ! vault+ level4 ,! apsidal *amb]s h dome vaults1 a ni*e on ! ea/ recess$ 9 an ar* to =m ! apse1 & a ni*e bo? on ! nor? & ! s\? ris+ above ! vault+ /r+-c\rse4 ,9 ! l[e/ division ( ! s\? wall /ood orig9ally a triple arcade ) a door betwe5 ! columns4 ,! arcade has be5 built up1 b ! m\ld$ jambs & cornices ( ! door1 & ! ar* above x1 n[ contract$ into a w9d[1 /ill %[ on ! ext]ior1 :ile ! columns appe> )9 ! *ur*4 ,above ! column /r+-c\rse is a range ( ?ree w9d[s1 ! c5tral w9d[ be+ l>g] ?an its companions2 high] up 9 ! gable is a s+le light4 ,! int]ior ( ! *ur* has be5 mu* pull$ ab\t & cut away4 ,! n>!x is 9 ?ree bays1 sep>at$ by /rong transv]se ar*es1 & t]m9ates at ei!r end 9 a high concave ni*e t %[s on ! outside4 ,! c5tral bay has a dome vault2 ! o!r bays h cross-gro9$ vaults4 ,! *ur* _h no gynecaeum1 al?\gh ,pulgh] indicates "o 9 8 plan4 ,a /rik+ feature ( ! ext]ior are ! l>ge semicircul> buttresses t %[ beyond ! walls ( ! *ur*--six on ! s\? side1 "o on ei!r side ( ! entrance on ! we/1 & two on ! ea/1 support+ ! apsidal *amb]s4 ,9 ! la/ case1 h[ev]1 :]e entire buttresses w\ld h be5 at once too l>ge & too close toge!r1 ! buttresses are only half semi-circles4 ,! apses project ) ?ree sides4 ,! nor!rn side ( ! *ur* & ! ro( are mod]n1 = ! build+ suff]$ sev]ely 9 #aghd f fire4#cbj ,! *ur* /&s on a plat=m1 built ov] a small ci/]n1 ! ro( ( :i* is support$ by f\r columns cr[n$ by beautiful capitals4 ,h5ce ! ,turki% "n ( ! mosque1 ,bodr\m1 signify+ a subt]ranean holl[4 ,gyllius#cba is mi/ak5 9 associat+ ?is *ur* ) ! l>ge und]gr\nd ci/]n situat$ l[] d[n ! slope ( ! hill close to ! ba? ,kyzl> ,aghassi ,hamam4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,liv4 ,,myrelaion4 ,,! ,,int]ior1 ,,look+ ,,ea/4 ,illu/ration3 ,,myrelaion4 ,,! ,,s\?-,,we/ ,,cross ,,angle4 ,to face page #aih4 ,s9ce ! above 0 9 pr9t1 ! *ur* has1 un=tunately1 be5 burnt 9 ! great fire :i* de/roy$ a l>ge "p ( ,/amb\l on ! #bcrd ,july #aiab 7see ,plates ,,ii41 ,,iii474 ,,note ,gyllius 7,de top4 ,c4,p4 iii4 c4 #h7 places ! ,horreum1 ! /atue ( ,maimas1 ! h\se ( ,crat]us1 ! ,modius1 & ! ar* be>+ ! two bronze h&s1 aft] pass+ :i* a crim9al on ! way to puni%m5t lo/ all hope ( reprieve1 ne> ?is *ur*2 bas+ t op9ion on ! /atem5t ( ,suidas t ^! build+s /ood ne> ! ,myrelaion4 ,b !re 0 a ,myrelaion also 7,cod9us1 ,de a$4 p4 #ajh7 9 ! di/rict 9 :i* ! ,%ahzad mosque is situat$4 ,! build+s above m5tion$ 7 ne> ?is second ,myrelaion4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ! ,*rysocam>on ne> ! ,myrelaion m5tion$ by ,cod9us 7,de signis1 pp4 #fe-ff7 /ood ne> ! *ur* "u our consid]ation1 = x 0 close to ! *ur* ( ,s4 ,acacius 9 ! ,heptascalon4 ,s also1 d\btless1 did ! x5odo*eion ,myrelaion 7,du ,cange1 iv4 p4 #afj71 possibly "o ( ! _m philan?ropic in/itutions support$ by ,hel5a 7,!oph4 ,cont4 p4 #deh71 ! daught] ( ,romanus ,lecap5us & wife ( ,con/ant9e ,,vii4 ,porphyrog5itus4 ,illu/ration3 ,,figs4 #ff ,,& #fg4 #cjh ,de top4 ,c4,p4 iii4 c4 #h4 #cji ,b&uri1 iii4 p4 #dh4 #caj ,ibid4 ut supra4 #caa ,!oph4 ,cont4 p4 #djb4 #cab ,scylitzes1 9 ,c$r5us1 ii4 p4 #fdi4 #cac ,!oph4 ,cont4 p4 #djd4 #cad ,ibid4 pp4 #dfa1 #geg4 #cae ,scylitzes1 ut supra1 pp4 #fdh-di4 #caf ,!oph4 ,cont4 p4 #djb4 #cag ,ibid4 p4 #dbj4 #cah ,ibid4 p4 #dgc4 #cai ,ibid4 pp4 #djc-d4 #cbj ,*evali]1 ,voyage de la ,propontide et du ,pont ,eux91 vol4 i4 p4 #ajh4 #cba ,de top4 ,c4,p4 iii4 c4 #h1 'hab5s int] se ci/]nam1 cujus cam]a lat]itia su/9etur columnis m>moreis circit] sexag9ta'2 cf4 ,die byzant4 ,wass]behlt]1 pp4 #ei1 #bbb-bc4 ,! ba? ( ,kyzl> ,aghassi ,hamam may repres5t ! ba? built by ! eunu* ,nicetas1 9 ! reign ( ,!ophilus1 & 0 probably suppli$ ) wat] f ! ci/]n beside x 7,b&uri1 vi4 p4 #acc74 ,,*apt] ,,xii ,,! ,,*ur* ,,( ,s4 ,,john ,,! ,,bapti/ ,,9 ,,trullo1 ,,a*m$ ,,pa%a ,,mesj$i ,! id5tification ( ! *ur* ( ,s4 ,john ! ,bapti/ 9 ,trullo 7,greek3 ,mon t\ hagi\ propht\ prodrom\ ,iann\ t\ en t ,tr\ll7 ) ! mosque ( ,a*m$ ,pa%a ,mesj$i is bas$ on two reasons3 fir/1 because ( _! common proximity to ! *ur* ( ! ,pammak>i/os1#cbb n[ ,fetiyeh ,jamissi2 secondly1 on ! gr\nd ( ! tradition curr5t 9 ! ,greek community on t po9t4 ,! latt] reason is 9 ?is case p>ticul>ly /rong1 see+ ! *ur* ( ! ,pammak>i/os 0 ! patri>*al ca!dral almo/ imm$iately aft] ! ,turki% conque/1 & reta9$ t hon\r until #aeia4cbc ,! highe/ ,greek ecclesia/ical au?orities 7 !re=e 9 a position to be ?or\ghly acqua9t$ ) ! d$ication ( a *ur* 9 _! close vic9ity4 ,9 #aegh ! protonot>ius ( ! patri>* %[$ ,g]la* ! site ( ! ,trullus close to ,a*m$ ,pa%a ,mesj$i4#cbd ,! *ur* is m5tion$ 9 hi/ory only by ,phrantzes1#cbe :o in=ms u t :5 ! ,patri>* ,g5nadius transf]r$ ! patri>*al seat to ! mona/]y & *ur* ( ! ,pammak>i/os1 c]ta9 nuns previ\sly accommodat$ 9 t ,h\se 7 remov$ to ! neighb\r+ mona/]y ( ,s4 ,john ,bapti/ 9 ,trullo4 ,phrantzes expla9s ! designation ( ! *ur*1 '9 ,trullo1' z d]iv$ f a palace nam$ ,trullus :i* once /ood 9 ! vic9ity to ! nor? ( ! ,pammak>i/os4 ,x 0 ! palace1 adds ! hi/orian1#cbf 9 :i* ! ,c\ncil ( ,con/ant9ople1 kn[n z ! ,concilium ,qu9isextum 7,greek3 ,p5!kt71 or ! second ,concilium ,trullanum1 assembl$ 9 #fib1 9 ! reign ( ,ju/9ian ,,ii4 ,b ! palace ,trullus1 9 :i* ! fir/ ,concilium ,trullanum met 9 #fhj1 0 "o ( ! gr\p ( build+s =m+ ! ,great ,palace#cbg beside ! ,hippodrome1 & !re ! second ,concilium ,trullanum also held its meet+s4#cbh ,phrantzes is !re=e mi/ak5 9 associat+ ! ,c\ncil ( #fib ) a palace 9 ! vic9ity ( ! ,pammak>i/os & ,a*m$ ,pa%a ,mesj$i4 ,b 8 mi/ake on t p>ticul> po9t does n preclude ! exi/5ce ( a palace nam$ ,trullus 9 ! neighb\rhood ( ! ,pammak>i/os4 ,9 fact1 ! exi/5ce ( su* a palace 9 t di/rict is ! only possible explanation ( ! atta*m5t ( ! /yle '9 ,trullo' to a *ur* on ! site ( ,a*m$ ,pa%a ,mesj$i4 ,nor is x /range to f9d a "n p]ta9+ prim>ily to a build+ 9 ! ,great ,palace transf]r$ to a simil> build+ situat$ else:]e4 ,! imp]ial resid5ce at ! ,hebdomon1 = example1 0 nam$ ,magnaura aft] "o ( ! halls 9 ! ,great ,palace4#cbi ,!re 0 an ,oaton or ,trullus 9 ! palace ( ,bla*]nae1#ccj & 9 ! palace at ,nicaea4#cca ,consequ5tly1 a palace kn[n z ! ,oaton or ! ,trullus might also be situat$ ne> ! ,pammak>i/os1 to comm& ! f9e view f t po9t ( ! city4 ,mordtmann1#ccb inde$1 ma9ta9s t ! build+ to :i* ,phrantzes ref]s 0 ! palace at ,bogdan ,s]ai1 ! subsequ5t resid5ce ( ! ,moldavian hospod> 9 ,turki% days1 & t ! *ur* ( ,s4 ,john 9 ,trullo 0 n ,a*m$ ,pa%a ,mesj$i1 b ! *ur* ( ,s4 ,john 9 ,petra 7,kesm ,kaya7 beside t palace4 ,?is op9ion1 h[ev]1 is at v>iance ) ! /atem5ts ( ,phrantzes & ,g]la*4 ,fur!rmore1 ! designation '9 ,petra' 0 s di/9ctive a m>k ( ! *ur* ( ,s4 ,john ne> ,kesm ,kaya1 t ! *ur* c\ld sc>cely h be5 recognis$ "u ano!r /yle4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,lv4 ,s4 ,,john ,,9 ,,trullo1 ,,f ,,! ,,s\?-,,we/4 ,illu/ration3 ,,balaban ,,mesj$i 7page #bfe74 ,,int]ior ,,view4 ,to face page #bjb4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #fh4 ,ar*itectural ,features ,s4 ,john 9 ,trullo belongs to ! ord9>y 'f\r column' type ( *ur* build+1 & has a n>!x4 ,its ?ree apses are semicircul> bo? )9 & )\t1 pres5t+ ! only in/ance 9 ,con/ant9ople ( apses semicircul> on ! ext]ior4 ,! c5tral apse projects m4 #c beyond ! body ( ! build+1 & 0 light$ by a l>ge b l[ w9d[1 divid$ into ?ree lights by two pila/]s cr[n$ ) c>v$ capitals 7= details see ,fig4 #fh72 ! diaconicon has be5 built up to =m ! mihrab ( ! mosque2 ! pro!sis1 to ! nor?1 has a b>rel vault4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #fi4 ,! drum dome is octagonal1 ) eight ribs & z _m w9d[s4 ,x seems l>ge = ! size ( ! *ur*1 & is l[] ?an usual inside4 ,! w9d[s d n cut into ! ext]ior cornice ( ! dome4 ,orig9ally ! dome ar*es re/$ on f\r pi]s or columns1 b ^! h be5 remov$ 9 ! c\rse ( ,turki% repairs1 & ! dome ar*es are n[ support$ by beams runn+ across ! *ur*1 "u ! impo/ ( ! ar*es4 ,! arms ( ! cross to ! nor? & s\? h b>rel vaults1 & ! walls are pi]c$ by triple w9d[s4 ,two capitals built into ! ext]ior face ( ! nor!rn wall1 & m>k$ ) a cross1 7 d\btless ! capitals ( ! %afts :i* divid$ ! nor!rn w9d[ into ?ree lights4 ,! we/]n arm ( ! cross is cov]$ by ! ro( ( ! n>!x1 & light$ by a small r\nd-head$ w9d[ above x4 ,! small n>!x is 9 ?ree bays1 cov]$ ) cross-gro9$ vaults4 ,x is n probable t ! *ur* 0 conv]t$ into a mosque be=e #aeia1 :5 ! patri>*al seat 0 remov$ f ! ,pammak>i/os to ,s4 ,demetrius beside ! ,xyloporta4 ,nor c\ld ! conv]sion h be5 lat] ?an #aeih1 ! ye> 9 :i* ,a*m$ ,pa%a--:o conv]t$ ! build+ into a mosque--di$4#ccc ,illu/ration3 ,,figs4 #gj ,,& #ga4 #cbb ,phrantzes1 p4 #cjg4 #cbc ,patr4 ,con/antius1 p4 #hj4 #cbd ,tagebu*1 p4 #def4 ,on ! way ea/w>ds f ! resid5ce ( ! ,moldavian ag5t 7,bogdan ,s]ai71 says ,g]la*1 ',auf diesem ,spazi]-weg hat mir ,!odosius au* d5 ,trullum auf d] ,seit5 des ,patri>*ats geg5 dem ,sultan ,selim gewies54 ,wel*es vor dies5 e9 sehr weit] ,platz gewes51 nun ab] ni*ts mehr da als e9 rundes getffeltes ,haus1 wie e9 kle9es ,kir*le9 i/4' ,cf4 8 /atem5t report$ by ,crusius 9 ,turcograecia1 p4 #ahi3 ',patri>*atui contiguum e/ mona/]iolum ,joannis ,bapti/ae a ,graecis sanctimonalibus inhabitatum4' #cbe ,phrantzes1 p4 #cjg2 cf4 ,turcograecia1 p4 #ahi4 #cbf ,x 0 also /yl$ ,greek3 aton1 '! ,oval1' aft] ! =m ( its ro( or ( ! body ( ! build+ itself 7,synax41 ,sept4 #ad74 ,vita ,/ephani4 ,= ! ,greek3 aton1 see ,lab>te1 ,le ,palais imprial de ,cons'ple1 pp4 #fb1 #aba1 #abb1 #ahf4 #cbg ,vita ,/ephani ,junioris1 ,migne1 ,p4,g4 tom4 #ajj1 col4 #aadd ,greek3 en t hi] palati1 en?a epilegetai ho ,tr\llos hop] hmeis aton kal\m54 #cbh ,balsamon1 vol4 i4 col4 #eja ,greek3 en t ,tr\ll t\ basilik\ palati\4 #cbi ,!oph4 p4 #eda4 #ccj ,pa*ym4 i4 p4 #dje4 #cca ,acta et diplomata ,graeca1 iii4 p4 #fe2 cf4 ,paspates1 ,great ,palace1 p4 #bdh1 ,metcalfe's translation4 #ccb ,proce$+s ( ,greek ,syllogos ( ,c4,p41 ,ar*aeological ,supplem5t to vol4 xvii4 p4 #h4 ,8 pr9cipal reason seems to be ! fact t a company ( nuns occupi$ "s ( ! cells 9 ! old mona/]y ( ,s4 ,john 9 ,petra :5 ,g]la* visit$ ! city4 ,b1 accord+ to ,g]la*1 ano!r si/]hood 0 at ! same "t accommodat$ 9 ! small conv5t ( ,s4 ,john ! ,bapti/ ne> ! patri>*ate4--,turcograecia1 p4 #ahi4 #ccc ,cf4 ,paspates1 p4 #cjd4 ,,*apt] ,,xiii ,,! ,,*ur* ,,( ,s4 ,,!kla1 ,,tokl\ ,,ibrahim ,,d$ ,,mesj$i ,9 ! qu>t] ( ,aivan ,s]ai1 a few paces to ! re> ( ! ,h]aclian ,wall1 /&s a small mosque kn[n z ,tokl\ ,ibrahim ,d$ ,mesj$i1 ! ar*itectural features ( :i* proclaim x at once to be an old ,byzant9e *apel4 ,!re is no decisive tradition 9 reg>d to ! id5tity ( ! build+4 ,! ,patri>* ,con/antius is unc]ta9 :e!r x %\ld be recognis$ z ! *ur* ( ,s4 ,ni*olas or z ! *ur* ( ,s4 ,!kla1 two sanctu>ies situat$ 9 ! qu>t] ( ,bla*]nae4 ,x _c h be5 ! =m]1 inasmu* z ! site ( t *ur* 0 ne> ! ,holy ,well1 /ill v5]at$ by ,*ri/ians & ,moslems1#ccd 9 ! area enclos$ betwe5 ! ,wall ( ,h]aclius & ! ,wall ( ,leo ! ,arm5ian1 n[ a picturesque ,turki% cemet]y4 ,"o argum5t = reg>d+ ! build+ z ! *ur* ( ,s4 ,!kla1 9 ?is "p ( ! city1 is ! /rik+ simil>ity ( its ,turki% "n ,tokl\ to ! ,greek "n ,!kla1 r5d]+ x exce$+ly probable t ! =m] is a corruption ( ! latt]1 & a rem9isc5ce ( ! orig9al designation ( ! edifice4#cce ,turki% au?orities1 h[ev]1 h _! own explanation ( ! "n ,tokl\4 ,9 ! ,hi/orical & ,geographical ,diction>y ( ,a*m$ ,rifaat ,eff5di1 we are told t a c]ta9 ,tokl\ ,d$ 0 ! gu>dian ( ! tombs ( ! companions ( ,khal$1 :o took "p 9 ! fir/ siege ( ,con/ant9ople 7#fgc7 by ! ,s>ac5s4 ',8 real "n 0 ,ghazi ,ismail2 ,dogulu 0 8 nickname4 ,n[ ,dogh is ! ,p]sian = a dr9k nam$ ,airan 7a mixture ( curds & wat]71 & he 0 call$ ,dogulu ,d$ because dur+ ! siege 8 bus9ess 0 to di/ribute t dr9k to ! troops4 ,at 8 reque/ a ,*ri/ian *ur* ne> ,aivan ,s]ai 0 conv]t$ into a mosque4 ,! *ur* 0 =m]ly nam$ aft] its f\nd]1 ,isakias4'#ccf ,ano!r ,turki% explanation ( ,tokl\ d]ives ! epi!t f ! r>e ,turki% t]m = a ye>l+ lamb1 & acc\nts = its be/[al ^u ,ibrahim ,d$ z a pet "n giv5 9 gratitude = 8 s]vices to ! ?ir/y soldi]s engag$ 9 ! siege ( ! city4#ccg ,9 keep+ ) ^! /ories is ! tradition t ! cemet]y 9 ! area betwe5 ! ,walls ( ,h]aclius & ,leo ,v4 ! ,arm5ian1 is ! re/+-place ( ,s>ac5 w>riors :o fell 9 ! siege ( #fgc4 ,b h we n "h ! fancy-br$ tales :i* ,ori5tal imag9ation weaves to veil its ignorance ( real facts8 ,:5 etymology or hi/ory fails1 romance is sub/itut$4 ,we may z well believe ! tradition t ! body ( ,ey\b1 ! /&>d-be>] ( ,mahomet1 lies buri$ at ! head ( ! ,gold5 ,horn1 9 ! mosque ( ,ey\b1 :]e ! ,sultan girds ! sword on 8 accession to ! ?rone4 ,no ,moslem graves c\ld h be5 tol]at$ betwe5 ! l9es ( ! city's =tification 9 ,byzant9e days4 ,! cemet]y betwe5 ! old walls ne> ,tokl\ ,ibrahim ,d$ ,mesj$i mu/ !re=e be lat] ?an ! ,turki% conque/4 ,& z soon z ,moslems 7 laid !re1 x 0 almo/ inevitable t a *ur* 9 ! imm$iate neighb\rhood %\ld ei!r be de/roy$ or conv]t$ into a mosque4 ,by :at "n t mosque w\ld !nce=? become kn[n 01 ( c\rse1 an op5 "q4 ,! new "n might be purely ,turki%4 ,b :5 x s\nds l ! e*o ( a "n :i* we "k belong$ to a ,byzant9e build+ 9 ?is qu>t] ( ! city be=e ,turki% times1 x is m reasonable to reg>d ! new "n z a trans=mation ( ! e>li] ,greek t]m1 ?an to d]ive x f f9e-spun etymological fancies & hi/orical blund]s4 ,! id5tification1 !re=e1 ( ,tokl\ ,ibrahim ,d$ ,mesj$i ) ! *ur* ( ,s4 ,!kla1 on ! gr\nd ( ! simil>ity ( ! two names1 has a /rong presumption 9 its fav\r4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,lvi4 ,s4 ,,!kla4 ,,nor? ,,side1 ,,f ,,! ,,nor?-,,we/4 ,illu/ration3 ,s4 ,,!kla4 ,,ea/ ,,end4 ,to face page #bjh4 ,,note ,,on ,,! ,,*ur* ,,( ,s4 ,,!kla 7,,*apt] ,,xiii47 ,on page #bji1 note #c1 ,i h said t if ! mosque ,aivas ,eff5di 7m correctly ,ivaz ,eff5di71 :i* is situat$ beh9d ! ,t[] ( ,isaac ,angelus )9 ! old area ( ! palace ( ,bla*]nae1 c\ld be prov$ to /& on ! site ( a *ur*1 ! argum5t 9 fav\r ( ! id5tification ( ! ,*ur* ( ,s4 ,!kla ) ,tokl\ ,d$ ,mesj$i w\ld be weak5$4 ,s9ce ?is book w5t to ! press1 my le>n$ fri5d ,mr4 ,x4 ,a4 ,sid]ides has %[n me a passage 9 ! hi/orical "w ( ,mu/apha ,eff5di ( ,salonica1 publi%$ 9 #ahfe1 :]e ! mosque ( ,ivaz ,eff5di is describ$ z a *ur* conv]t$ into a mosque by a c]ta9 ,ivaz ,eff5di :o di$ 9 #aehf1 at ! age ( n9ety4 ,9 t case we %\ld h a ,*ri/ian sanctu>y ^: position correspond$ /rictly ) ! position occupi$ by ! ,*ur* ( ,s4 ,!kla 9 ! palace ( ,bla*]nae1 an indication n exactly accurate 9 reg>d to ,tokl\ ,d$ ,mesj$i4 ,9 view ( ! late date ( ,mu/apha ,eff5di's "w1 & ! abs5ce1 s f> z ,i c judge1 ( ,byzant9e features 9 ! /ructure ( ! mosque1 x is difficult to decide if ! argum5ts 9 fav\r ( ! id5tification ( ! ,*ur* ( ,s4 ,!kla ) ,tokl\ ,d$ ,mesj$i are entirely ov]?r[n by ! /atem5t ( ,mu/apha ,eff5di4 ,a second consid]ation 9 support ( ?is id5tification is ! /atem5t made by ,a*m$ ,rifaat ,eff5di1 t be=e ! *ur* became a mosque x 0 kn[n by ! "n ( its f\nd]1 ',isakias4' ,= x is a matt] ( hi/ory t ! *ur* ( ,s4 ,!kla 0 re/or$ by ! ,emp]or ,isaac ,comn5us#cch 9 ! elev5? c5tury4 ,! association ( 8 "n ) ! build+ 0 !re=e p]fectly natural1 if ! build+ is inde$ ! old *ur* ( ,s4 ,!kla1 o!rwise x is difficult to acc\nt = t association4 ,!re is1 h[ev]1 "o objection to ?is id5tification t mu/ n be ov]look$4 ,accord+ to ,byzant9e au?orities1 ! *ur* ( ,s4 ,!kla /ood 9 ! palace ( ,bla*]nae 7,greek3 entos tn basilein2 en t palati tn ,bla*]nn#cci74 ,t palace occupi$ ! heights above ,aivan ,s]ai1 on :i* ! qu>t] ( ,egri ,kap\ & ! mosque ( ,aivas ,eff5di n[ /&1 )9 ! walls t enclose ! we/]n spur ( ! ,six? ,hill4 ,tokl\ ,ibrahim ,d$ ,mesj$i1 h[ev]1 does n /& )9 t enclosure1 b imm$iately to ! nor? ( x1 on ! level tract t /ret*es f ! foot ( ! ,six? ,hill to ! ,gold5 ,horn4 ,if ! reasons 9 fav\r ( reg>d+ ! mosque z ,s4 ,!kla 7 less /rong1 ?is objection w\ld1 p]haps1 be fatal4 ,b ! /rip ( l& betwe5 ! nor!rn wall ( ! palace enclosure & ! sea is s n>r[1 & 0 s closely connect$ ) ! life ( ! imp]ial resid5ce1 t a build+ on t tract might ) p>donable inaccuracy be describ$1 z '9 ! palace4'#cdj ,! *ur* is m5tion$ = ! fir/ "t 9 ! e>li] half ( ! eigh? c5tury z a *apel 7,greek3 euktrion7 :i* ,!kla1 ! elde/ daught] ( ! ,emp]or ,!ophilus1 re/or$ & atta*$ to h] resid5ce at ,bla*]nae4#cda ,! pr9cess 0 an invalid1 & d\btless retir$ to ?is "p ( ! city = ! sake ( its mild climate4 ,to d$icate ! *apel to h] patron sa9t 0 only natural4 ,z already intimat$1 ! *ur* 0 rebuilt f ! f\ndations1 9 ! elev5? c5tury1 by ,isaac ,comn5us1 9 dev\t gratitude = 8 escape f imm95t dea?#cdb 9 ! c\rse ( 8 campaign aga9/ ! b>b>\s tribes beside ! ,danube1 :5 he 0 ov]tak5 at ! foot ( ! ,lovitz m\nta9 by a furi\s tempe/ ( ra9 & sn[4 ,! pla9 on :i* 8 army 0 encamp$ soon became a %eet ( wat]1 & _m ( 8 m5 & animals 7 dr[n$ or froz5 to dea?4 ,?und]1 lightn+1 & hurricane comb9$ to produce an awful sc5e1 & !re 7 mom5ts :5 ! :ole _w seem$ on fire4 ,! emp]or took %elt] "u a l>ge oak1 b1 fe>+ ! tree might be ?r[n d[n by ! furi\s w9d1 he soon made = op5 gr\nd4 ,sc>cely _h he done s :5 ! oak 0 torn up by ! roots & hurl$ to ! e>?4 ,a few mom5ts lat] ! emp]or w\ld h be5 kill$4 ,?is n>r[ escape occurr$ on ! #bd? ,septemb]1 ! fe/ival day ( ,s4 ,!kla1 &1 !re=e1 attribut+ 8 deliv]ance to h] int]v5tion1 ,isaac rebuilt & greatly beautifi$ ! old sanctu>y d$icat$ to h] 9 ,bla*]nae1 & frequ5tly att5d$ s]vices !re 9 h] hon\r4 ,anna ,comn5a#cdc speaks ( ! re/or$ *ur* 9 ! highe/ t]ms4 ,accord+ to h] x 0 built at great co/1 display$ r>e art1 & 0 9 e way wor?y ( ! occasion :i* l$ to its erection4 ,zon>as#cdd is n s complim5t>y4 ,he describes ! *ur* z a monum5t ( ! nigg>dl9ess ( ,isaac ,comn5us4 ,9 any case1 x 0 pull$ d[n & rebuilt 9 ! foll[+ c5tury by ! ,emp]or ,john ,comn5us 9 spl5did /yle1 & d$icat$ to ! ,savi\r4#cde ,z ! beauty & weal? ( a ,byzant9e sanctu>y 7 exhibit$ 9 ! lavi% adornm5t ( ! int]ior1 x is possible t ! *ur* ( ,s4 ,!kla1 ?\gh small & outw>dly pla91 may h be5 a beautiful & ri* build+ 9 its late/ ,*ri/ian "*4 ,x _h !n ! hon\r ( see+ among ! wor%ipp]s be=e its alt> ,anna ,dalass5a1 ! "m ( ! ,comn5i4 ,=1 :5 *>g$ ) ! gov]nm5t ( ! ,empire dur+ ! abs5ce ( ,alexius ,comn5us f ! capital1 t able woman came (t5 to pray 9 ?is *ur*1 'le/ %e %\ld be imm]s$ 9 m]ely secul> affairs4'#cdf ,ar*itectural ,features 7,= ,plan see p4 #bjf7 ,! build+ is an oblong hall1 m4 #ac4ee by m4 #e4d1 divid$ into ?ree comp>tm5ts4 ,x is n[ cov]$ ) a wood5 ro(1 b ! arrangem5ts ( ! breaks or pila/]s on ! walls indicate t x _h orig9ally a dome4 ,at ! ea/ end is a s+le apse1 ! usual side-apses be+ repres5t$ by two ni*es4 ,! we/]n comp>tm5t s]v$ z a n>!x4 ,dur+ ! repairs ( ! mosque 9 #ahij1 frescoes ( ! eikons :i* once decorat$ ! walls 7 br\ght to view4 ,on ! ext]ior ! apse %[s ?ree sides1 cr[n$ ) a corbell$ cornice4 ,! c5tral side is pi]c$ by a w9d[ ( good workman%ip1 divid$ by a %aft into two lights1 & above ! w9d[ are two %ort bl9d concave ni*es4 ,high bl9d concave ni*es ind5t ! o!r sides ( ! apse4 ,9 ! nor!rn wall are ! rema9s ( a triple w9d[1 divid$ by %afts built 9 c\rses4 ,above ?is is a r[ ( ?ree small w9d[s4 #ccd ,anci5t & ,mod]n ,c4,p4 p4 #df4 #cce ,paspates1 p4 #cei4 #ccf ,= ?is in=mation ,i am indebt$ to ,rev4 ,h4 ,o4 ,dwight1 ,,ll4,d41 late ( ! ,am]ican ,bo>d ( ,missions 9 ,con/ant9ople4 #ccg ,paspates1 p4 #ceg1 note4 #cch ,anna ,comn5a1 vol4 i4 p4 #afh4 #cci ,scylitzes1 p4 #fdg 7,c$r5us1 vol4 ii472 ,zon>as1 iii4 p4 #fgb4 #cdj ,if ! mosque ,aivas ,eff5di c\ld be prov$ to /& on ! site ( a *ur*1 ! argum5t aga9/ ! id5tification ( ,tokl\ ,d$ ,mesj$i ) ! *ur* ( ,s4 ,!kla w\ld be /rong]4 #cda ,!oph4 ,cont4 p4 #adg4 #cdb ,anna ,comn5a1 vol4 i4 p4 #afh4 #cdc ,ibid4 vol4 i4 p4 #afh4 #cdd ,zon>as1 iii4 p4 #fgb4 #cde ,ibid4 ut supra4 #cdf ,anna ,comn5a1 vol4 i4 p4 #afi4 ,,*apt] ,,xiv ,,! ,,*ur* ,,( ,s4 ,,savi\r ,,pantepoptes1 ,,eski ,,im>et ,,mesj$i ,! reasons :i* fav\r ! id5tification ( ! mosque ,eski ,im>et ,mesj$i1 :i* is situat$ on ! heights above ,aya ,kap\ 7,gate ( ,s4 ,!odosia71 ) ! *ur* ( ,s4 ,savi\r ,pantepoptes1 ! ,all-,see+ 7,greek3 pantepopts71 are ! foll[+3 fir/1 ! tradition to t effect1#cdg :i* 9 ! case ( a build+ s conspicu\s c sc>cely be mi/ak52 secondly1 ! correspond5ce ( its position to t ( ! ,pantepoptes1 on a hill comm&+ an ext5sive view ( ! ,gold5 ,horn2#cdh & f9ally1 ! ar*itectural features :i* m>k x to be :at ! *ur* ( ! ,pantepoptes 01 a build+ ( ! ,comn5ian p]iod4 ,! *ur* ( ! ,pantepoptes 0 f\nd$ or re/or$ by ,anna ,dalass5a1#cdi ! "m ( ,alexius ,i4 ,comn5us 7#ajha-aaah71 "o ( ! mo/ rem>kable wom5 9 ,byzant9e hi/ory1 comb9+ to a r>e degree dome/ic virtues ) great political ambition & adm9i/rative ability4 ,= tw5ty ye>s %e 0 associat$ ) h] son 9 ! gov]nm5t ( ! ,empire1 & 0 ! p[] beh9d ! ?rone :i* he ow$ l>gely to h] en]gy & devotion4 ,ab\t ! ye> #aajj %e laid aside ! c>es ( /ate1 & )\t r5\nc+ altoge!r h] royal /yle retir$ to re/ 9 ! mona/]y %e _h built1 until h] dea?1 five ye>s lat]1 at an advanc$ age4#cej ,!re is no?+ ( special importance to record 9 ! annals ( ! ,h\se4 ,its inmates 7 occasionally di/urb$ by ! conf9em5t among !m ( "s dignit>y :o _h (f5d$ ! ,gov]nm5t1 or by ! !ological disputes t agitat$ ! ecclesia/ical circles ( ! capital4#cea ,b = ! mo/ "p life at ,pantepoptes 0 quiet & peaceful4 ,only once does ! mona/]y /& out conspicu\s be=e ! eyes ( ! _w4 ,:5 ! ,v5etian %ips "u ,h5rico ,d&olo1 ) ! army ( ! ,f\r? ,crusade on bo>d1 l9$ ! %ore ( ! ,gold5 ,horn f ,ispigas & ! *ur* ( ,s4 ,savi\r ! ,b5efactor to ,bla*]nae 7i4e4 f ,jubali ,kap\ssi to ,aivan ,s]ai7 on ,ea/] ,monday1 #ab? ,april #abjd1 ! ,emp]or ,alexius ,murtzuphlus e/abli%$ 8 headqu>t]s beside ! ,pantepoptes4 ,!re he pit*$ 8 v]milion t5t1 m>%all$ 8 be/ troops1 & wat*$ ! op]ations ( ! enemy4 ,& !nce he fl$ :5 he saw ! walls on ! %ore bel[ him c>ri$ by /orm1 & ,flemi% knights m\nt$ on horses1 :i* _h be5 l&$ f ! ho/ile fleet1 advanc+ to assault 8 position4 ,s hurri$ 0 8 flight t he left 8 t5t /&+1 & "u its %elt] ,c\nt ,baldw9 ( ,fl&]s & ,ha9ault slept away ! fatigue ( t day's victory4#ceb ,dur+ ! ,lat9 occupation ! *ur* pass$ into ! h&s ( ! ,v5etians1 & 0 robb$ ( _m ( its relics = ! b5efit ( *ur*es 9 ! ,we/4#cec ,^u ! ,turki% conque/ x s]v$ = "s "t z an im>et or refectory = ! /ud5ts & tea*]s ( ! m$ress1#ced !n 9 c\rse ( con/ruction beside ! great mosque ( ,sultan ,mehem$4 ,h5ce its ,turki% "n4 ,aft] s]v+ t purpose x 0 conv]t$ into a mosque lat] 9 ! reign ( ! conqu]or4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,lvii4 ,s4 ,,savi\r ,,pantepoptes4 ,,door ,,lead+ ,,f ,,! ,,out] ,,to ,,! ,,inn] ,,n>!x4 ,,view ,,look+ ,,nor?4 ,illu/ration3 ,s4 ,,savi\r ,,pantepoptes4 ,,! ,,dome1 ,,look+ ,,we/4 ,to face page #bab4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #gb4 ,ar*itectural ,features ,9 plan ! *ur* belongs to ! 'f\r column' type1 & has two n>!xes4 ,! dome1 plac$ on a drum1 circul> )9 & twelve-sid$ )\t1 is c>ri$ on f\r pi]s :i* ! ,turks h r$uc$ to an irregul> octagonal =m4 ,x is divid$ into twelve bays by squ>e ribs1 & is light$ by twelve semicircul>-head$ w9d[s4 ,! cornice-/r+ is adorn$ ) a runn+ leaf spray ( a pleas+ & uncommon design4 ,! arms ( ! cross h b>rel vaults1 :ile ! *amb]s at its angles are cov]$ ) cross-gro9$ vaults4 ,! apsidal *amb]s are small1 ) %all[ ni*es on ! nor?1 s\?1 & we/1 & a some:at deep] ni*e on ! ea/ :]e ! apse /&s4 ,^! ni*es are c>ri$ up ?r\gh a vault+ /r+-c\rse1 c>v$ ) a repeat+ leaf ornam5t1 & comb9e ) ! gro9$ vault above !m to produce a *>m+ canopy4 ,! s\!rn transept gable1 ?\gh mu* built up1 /ill displays ! design :i* occurs s frequ5tly 9 ,byzant9e *ur*es1 namely1 ?ree w9d[s 9 ! lunette ( ! ar* 7! c5tral light ris+ high] ?an ! sidelights71 & ?ree /ilt$ ar*es bel[ ! vault+ /r+-c\rse1 re/+ on two columns & conta9+ ?ree w9d[s :i* are c>ri$ d[n to a brea/work ( c>v$ m>ble slabs betwe5 ! columns4 ,! floor ( ! *ur* is pav$ ) squ>e r$ bricks1 except 9 ! apses1 :]e m>ble is employ$4 ,! gynecaeum1 above ! inn] n>!x1 is divid$ into ?ree bays sep>at$ by broad transv]se ar*es4 ,! c5tral bay1 :i* is l>g] ?an its companions1 is cov]$ ) a dome vault1 & looks into ! body ( ! *ur* ?r\gh a f9e triple arcade 9 ! lunette ( ! we/]n arm ( ! cross4 ,! small] bays are cov]$ ) cross-gro9$ vaults4 ,z else:]e1 ! vault+-/r+ 9 ! gynecaeum is decorat$ ) c>v$ "w4 ,! inn] n>!x1 l ! gynecaeum above x1 is divid$ into ?ree bays cov]$ ) cross-gro9$ vaults1 & communicates ) ! *ur*1 z usual1 by ?ree doors4 ,its walls seem to h be5 =m]ly revett$ ) m>ble4 ,9 ! nor!rn wall is a door1 n[ clos$1 :i* gave access to a build+ beyond t side ( ! *ur*4 ,! exon>!x is also divid$ 9 ?ree bays1 sep>at$ by transv]se ar*es1 & communicates ) ! inn] n>!x by ?ree doors & ) ! out] _w by a s+le door situat$ 9 ! c5tral bay4 ,t bay has a l[ dome )\t w9d[s1 :ile ! lat]al bays h gro9$ vaults4 ,turki% repairs %[ 9 ! pila/]s & ! po9t$ ar*es :i* support ! orig9al transv]se ar*es4 ,! doors ?r\gh\t ! build+ are fram$ 9 m>ble jambs & l9tels1 adorn$ 9 mo/ cases ) a runn+ ornam5t & crosses4 ,9 ! case ( ! doors ( ! exon>!x a r$ m>ble1 br*e r\ge1 is employ$1 z 9 ! exon>!x ( ! ,pantokrator1 ano!r erection ( ! ,comn5ian p]iod4 ,on ! ext]ior ! build+ is mu* damag$1 b nev]!less pres]ves traces ( consid]able elaboration4 ,! walls are ( brick1 int]mix$ ) c\rses ( /one1 & on ! ?ree sides ( ! c5tral apse !re are rema9s ( patt]n$ brickwork4 ,on ! buttresses to ! s\!rn wall are r\ndels ) radiat+ v\ssoirs 9 /one & brick1 & if "o may judge f ! fact t ! /r+-c\rse does n fit ! face ( ! wall1 p>ts ( ! ext]ior ( ! *ur* 7 incru/$ ) m>ble4 ,! r\nd-head$ w9d[s ( ! dome cut into its cornice4 ,"u ! *ur* is a ci/]n#cee :i* ,bondelmontius deem$ wor?y ( m5tion4#cef ,until "s tw5ty ye>s ago ext5sive sub/ructures 7 visible on ! nor?-ea/ ( ! *ur*1 af=d+ homes = poor ,greek families4#ceg ,!y 7 probably ! f\ndations ( ! l(ty mona/]y build+s ^: w9d[s comm&$ ! magnific5t view ( ! ,gold5 ,horn t d\btless sugge/$ ! epi!t ,pantepoptes1 "u :i* ! ,savi\r 0 wor%ipp$ 9 ?is sanctu>y4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,lviii4 ,s4 ,,savi\r ,,pantepoptes4 ,,ext]ior ,,decoration ,,9 ,,brick1 ,,on ,,s\? ,,side4 ,illu/ration3 ,s4 ,,m>y ,,pammak>i/os4 ,,bracket ,,at ,,! ,,s\?-,,ea/ ,,angle ,,( ,,! ,,ext]ior ,,wall ,,( ,,! ,,p>ecclesion4 ,to face page #bad4 ,s4 ,savi\r ,pantepoptes is ! mo/ c>efully built ( ! lat] *ur*es ( ,con/ant9ople4 ,! little irregul>ities ( sett+ out s common 9 ! o!r *ur*es ( ! city are "h almo/ entirely abs5t4 ,?is accuracy ( build+1 ! c>v+ ( ! /r+-c\rses1 & ! rema9s ( m>ble decoration bo? )9 & on ! ext]ior1 prove exceptional c>e4 ,= details see ,figs4 #fh1 #gb1 #ge4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #gc4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #gd4 #cdg ,patr4 ,con/antius1 pp4 #gj-hj4 #cdh ,nicet4 ,*on4 p4 #geb4 #cdi ,glycas1 p4 #fbb4 #cej ,ibid4 ,= ! c>e] ( ?is di/+ui%$ woman1 see ,diehl1 ,figures byzant9es4 #cea ,nicet4 ,*on4 pp4 #cae-af2 ,pa*ym4 i4 pp4 #cad-ae1 ii4 p4 #ahe4 #ceb ,villeh>d\91 ,la ,conqute de ,c4,p4 pp4 #ada-dd2 ,*roniques grco-roma9es1 pp4 #if1 #ig4 #cec ,riant1 ,exuviae sacrae1 p4 #agh4 #ced ,paspates1 p4 #cad4 #cee ,die byzant9is*5 ,wass]behlt] von ,k4,p41 von ,dr4 ,p4 ,=*eim] und ,dr4 ,j4 ,/rzyg[ski1 pp4 #ajf-g4 #cef ,librum insul>um ,ar*ipelagi1 #fe4 #ceg ,paspates1 p4 #cad4 ,,*apt] ,,xv ,,! ,,*ur* ,,( ,s4 ,,savi\r ,,pantokrator1 ,,ze,,rek ,,kilissi ,,jamissi ,accord+ to ! tradition curr5t 9 ! city :5 ,gyllius#ceh & ,g]la*#cei explor$ ! antiquities ( ,con/ant9ople1 ! l>ge ,byzant9e *ur*1 n[ ! mosque ,zerek ,kilissi ,jamissi1 ov]look+ ! ,gold5 ,horn f ! heights above ,oun ,kapan1 0 ! fam\s *ur* ( ,s4 ,savi\r ,pantokrator4 ,!re is no reason = d\bt+ ! accuracy ( ?is id5tification4 ,! *ur* 0 s important1 & s closely associat$ ) ev5ts :i* occurr$ late 9 ! hi/ory ( ! city1 t its id5tity c\ld n be =gott5 by ! ,greek ecclesia/ical au?orities soon aft] ! ,turki% conque/4 ,moreov]1 all indications ( ! position ( ! *ur*1 al?\gh too vague to det]m9e its precise site1 are 9 h>mony ) ! tradition on ! subject4 ,=1 accord+ to ,russian pilgrims to ! %r9es ( ,con/ant9ople1 ! ,pantokrator c\ld be rea*$ mo/ readily f ! side ( ! city on ! ,gold5 ,horn1#cfj & /ood 9 ! vic9ity ( ! *ur* ( ! ,holy ,apo/les#cfa--p>ticul>s t agree ) ! situation ( ,zerek ,kilissi ,jamissi4 ,! *ur* 0 f\nd$ by ! ,empress ,ir5e1#cfb ! consort ( ,john ,,ii4 ,comn5us 7#aaah-aadc71 & daught] ( ,ladislas1 ,k+ ( ,hung>y4 ,%e came to ,con/ant9ople %ortly be=e #aaje z ! ,pr9cess ,pyrisca1 a beautiful girl1 'a plant cov]$ ) blossoms1 promis+ ri* fruit1' to m>ry ,john ,comn5us1 !n heir-app>5t to ! cr[n ( ,alexius ,comn5us1 & adorn$ eight ye>s ( h] husb&'s reign by ! simplicity ( h] ta/es & h] great lib]ality to ! poor4 ,! mona/ic in/itutions ( ! city also enjoy$ h] fav\r1 & n long be=e h] dea? 9 #aabf %e assum$ ! veil "u ! "n ( ,x54 ,! f\ndations ( ! *ur* 71 probably1 laid soon aft] h] husb&'s accession to ! ?rone1 & to ! *ur* %e atta*$ a mona/]y capable ( accommodat+ sev5 hundr$ monks2#cfc a x5odo*eion1 a home = ag$ m51 & a hospital4#cfd ,b ! pi\s & *>itable lady _h und]tak5 m ?an %e c\ld p]=m1 & 0 oblig$ to turn to ! emp]or = sympa?y & assi/ance4 ,accord+ly %e took him1 "o day1 to see ! edifice :ile 9 c\rse ( erection1 & fall+ sudd5ly at 8 feet1 implor$ him ) te>s to complete h] "w4 ,! beauty ( ! build+ & ! devotion ( 8 wife appeal$ s /rongly to ,john ,comn5us t he =?) v[$ to make ! *ur* & mona/]y ! f9e/ 9 ! city1 & altoge!r wor?y ( ! ,pantokrator to :om !y 7 d$icat$2#cfe & s well did he keep 8 promise1 t ! hon\r ( be+ ! f\nd] ( ! *ur* has be5 be/[$ on him by ! hi/orian ,nicetas ,*oniates4#cff ,! imp]ial typicon or *>t] ( ! mona/]y1#cfg grant$ 9 #aacf1 made ! mona/]y an autonom\s in/itution1 indep5d5t ( ! patri>* or ! prefect ( ! city1 & exempt f taxes ( e description4 ,at ! same "t x 0 provid$ ) v9ey>ds & ri*ly end[$4 ,accord+ to ,sc>latus ,byzantius#cfh & ! ,patri>* ,con/antius1#cfi a mosaic 9 ! build+ portray$ ! ,emp]or ,manuel ,comn5us 7#aada-aahj7 9 ! act ( pres5t+ ! model ( ! *ur* to ,*ri/4 ,if t 0 ! case ! *ur* 0 complet$ by t emp]or4 ,z w imm$iately appe>1 ,manuel c]ta9ly enri*$ ! *ur* ) relics4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,lix4 ,s4 ,,savi\r ,,pantokrator1 ,,f ,,! ,,we/4 ,to face page #bbj4 ,! hi/ory ( ! ,pantokrator may be conv5i5tly divid$ into ?ree p]iods3 ! p]iod ( ! ,comn5i2 ! p]iod ( ! ,lat9 ,empire2 & ! p]iod ( ! ,palaeologi4 ,dur+ ! fir/ ! foll[+ incid5ts occurr$3 ,"h1 z 0 mo/ fitt+1 ! f\nd]s ( ! *ur* & mona/]y 7 laid to re/1 ! ,empress ,ir5e 9 #aabf1cgj ! ,emp]or ,john ,comn5us#cga sev5te5 ye>s lat]4 ,"h _! eld] son ,isaac 0 conf9$1 until ! succession to ! ?rone _h be5 settl$ 9 fav\r ( 8 y\ng] bro!r ,manuel4 ,t *ange 9 ! natural ord] ( ?+s _h be5 decid$ ^u by ,john ,comn5us :ile he lay dy+ 9 ,cilicia f ! effects ( a w\nd inflict$ by ! fall ( a poison$ arr[ out ( 8 own quiv]1 :5 bo>-hunt+ 9 ! =e/s ( ! ,taurus ,m\nta9s1 & 0 expla9$ z due to ,manuel's special fitness to assume ! c>e ( ! ,empire1 & n m]ely to ! fact t he 0 a fa!r's fav\rite son4 ,b :5 ! appo9tm5t 0 made ,manuel 0 ) 8 fa!r 9 ,cilicia1 :ile ,isaac 0 9 ,con/ant9ople1 9 a position to m\nt ! ?rone z soon z ! tid+s ( ,john's dea? rea*$ ! capital4 ,! prospect t ,manuel w\ld we> ! cr[n seem$ !re=e v remote4 ,b ,axu*1 an intimate fri5d & c\nsellor ( ! dy+ emp]or1 />t$ = ,con/ant9ople ! mom5t ,manuel 0 nom9at$1 & travell$ s fa/1 t he rea*$ ! city be=e ! news ( ! emp]or's dea? & ( ,manuel's nom9ation 0 kn[n !re4 ,!n1 wa/+ no "t1 ,axu* made sure ( ! p]son ( ,isaac1 remov$ him f ! palace1 & put him 9 *>ge ( ! monks ( ! ,pantokrator1 :o _h e reason to be loyal to ! wi%es ( ! deceas$ sov]eign4 ,! wily c\rti] !n set himself to w9 ! lead+ m5 9 ! capital ov] to ! cause ( ! y\ng] bro!r1 &1 by ! "t ,manuel 0 prep>$ to ent] ,con/ant9ople1 _h secur$ = him a popul> welcome & ! surr5d] ( ,isaac's claims4#cgb ,9 #aadg1 ! fam\s eikon ( ,s4 ,demetrius ( ,!ssalonia 0 transf]r$ f ! magnific5t basilica d$icat$ to ! sa9t 9 t city to ! ,pantokrator4 ,?is 0 done by ! ord] ( ,manuel ,comn5us1 at ! reque/ ( ,joseph1 !n abbot ( ! mona/]y1 & 9 accordance ) ! wi%es ( ! emp]or's p>5ts1 ! f\nd]s ( ! ,h\se4#cgc ,x 0 a great sacrifice to dem& ( ! ,mac$onian %r9e1 & by way ( comp5sation a l>g] & m arti/ic eikon ( ,s4 ,demetrius1 9 silv] & gold1 0 hung beside 8 tomb4 ,b ,con/ant9ople rejoic$ 9 ! great] sanctity & virtue ( ! e>li] picture1 & :5 tid+s ( its approa* 7 receiv$1 ! :ole frat]nity ( ! ,pantokrator1 ) ! s5ate & an imm5se cr[d ( dev\t p]sons1 w5t sev5 miles out f ! city to hail ! arrival ( ! image1 & to be> x 9 triumph to its new abode1 ) psalms & hymns1 light$ tap]s1 fragrant inc5se1 & ! gleam ( soldi]s' spe>s4 ,?us1 x 0 believ$1 ! mona/]y ga9$ m beauty & security1 ! dyna/y ( ! ,comn5i m /r5g?1 ! ,roman ,empire & ! ,que5 ( cities an invisible b mighty p[] to keep enemies af> (f4 ,9 #aaeh ,b]?a1 ! fir/ wife ( ,manuel ,comn5us1 & si/]-9-law ( ! ,emp]or ,conrad ( ,g]many1 0 buri$ 9 ! *ur*4#cgd ,tw5ty-two ye>s lat]1 ,manuel ,comn5us himself 0 laid 9 its h]on 9 a spl5did s>cophagus ( black m>ble ) a cov] cut 9 sev5 protub]ances4#cge ,beside ! tomb 0 plac$ ! porphyry slab ^u :i* ! body ( ,*ri/ 0 suppos$ to h be5 laid aft] ,8 deposition f ! cross4 ,! slab 0 plac$ !re 9 commemoration ( ! fact t :5 x 0 br\ght f ,ephesus to ,con/ant9ople1 ,manuel c>ri$ x on 8 broad %\ld]s all ! way up ! hill f ! h>b\r ( ! ,bucoleon 7at ,t*atlady ,kap\71 to ! private *apel ( ! imp]ial resid5ce ne> ,s4 ,sophia4#cgf ,nicetas ,*oniates ?\ght ! aspect ( ! tomb & ( its surr\nd+s v significant4 ,! sev5 protub]ances on its cov] repres5t$ ! sev5-hill$ city :i* _h be5 ! emp]or's ?rone2 ! porphyry slab recall$ ! mighty de$s :i* he ^: =m lay s /ill & sil5t 9 ! grave _h wr\ght 9 ! days ( 8 /r5g?2 :ile ! black m>ble told ! grief evok$ by 8 dea?4 ,rob]t ( ,cl>i1 :o saw ! tomb 9 #abjc1 extols its magnific5ce4 ',nev]1' says he1 '0 born on ?is e>? a holy man or a holy woman :o is buri$ 9 s ri* & spl5did a fa%ion z ?is emp]or 9 ?is abbey4 ,!re is f\nd ! m>ble table on :i* ,our ,"l 0 laid :5 tak5 d[n f ! cross1 & !re are /ill se5 ! te>s :i* ,our ,lady %$ ^u x4'#cgg ,"s sev5 mon?s aft] ,manuel's dea? a /range spectacle 0 witness$ at 8 tomb4 ,8 c\s91 ,&ronicus ,comn5us1 ! torm5t ( 8 life & "o ( ! wor/ *>act]s 9 ,byzant9e hi/ory1 tak+ advantage ( ! intrigues & di/urbances :i* att5d$ ! m9ority ( ,manuel's son & successor1 ,alexius ,,ii4 ,comn5us1 left 8 place ( exile 9 ,paphlagonia & appe>$ 9 ,con/ant9ople at ! head ( an army1 z ?\gh ! *ampion ( ! "y sov]eign's cause4 ,no soon] _h he rea*$ ! city ?an he proce$$ to visit ,manuel's tomb1 to %[ ! reg>d he pr(ess$ to feel = a relative & sov]eign4 ,at ! sight ( ! d>k s>cophagus ,&ronicus gave way to ! mo/ viol5t p>oxysms ( grief4 ,s deep & prolong$1 inde$1 did 8 di/ress seem1 t 8 att5dants implor$ him to control 8 feel+s & leave ! sad spot4 ,b ! m\rn] prote/$ t he c\ld n quit s ha/ily a place hall[$ by su* sacr$ & t5d] associations4 ,moreov]1 he _h n yet said all he _h to tell ! dead4 ,b5d+1 !re=e1 aga9 ov] ! grave1 ,&ronicus cont9u$ to address ! deceas$4 ,! words 7 inaudible1 b !y seem$ a fre% outp\r+ ( sorr[1 & deeply affect$ _m ( ! spectators1 =1 z ! m\rn] _h n liv$ on ! be/ t]ms ) 8 imp]ial c\s91 8 grief appe>$ to be ! victory ( a man's bett] nature4 ,b ^? :o knew ,&ronicus well int]pret$ 8 conduct z ! p]=mance ( a consummate actor1 & und]/ood 8 :isp]s to mean curses & v[s ( v5geance ^u 8 dead & helpless relative4 ,ev5ts ju/ifi$ ?is int]pretation4 ,= ,&ronicus ere long usurp$ ! ?rone1 murd]$ ,alexius1 insult$ 8 rema9s1 ord]$ 8 head to be cut (f1 & ca/ ! mutilat$ corpse into ! ,sea ( ,m>mora to ! /ra9s ( music4#cgh ,dur+ ! ,lat9 occupation ! *ur* 0 appropriat$ = wor%ip accord+ to ! ritual ( ! ,roman ,communion1 & _m ( its relics1 its vessels ( gold & silv]1 its jewels & ve/m5ts1 7 c>ri$ (f to enri* ,s4 ,m>k's at ,v5ice1 & o!r %r9es ( ,we/]n ,*ri/5dom4 ,h[ great a value 0 set ^u su* trophies1 & by :at /range me?ods !y 7 secur$1 is se5 9 ! acc\nt :i* ,gun!rus1#cgi a contempor>y hi/orian1 gives ( ! way 9 :i* "s ( ! relics ( ! *ur* 7 acquir$4 ,z soon z ! ,crusad]s captur$ ! city 9 #abjd & gave x ov] to pillage1 a num]\s b& ( loot]s made = ! ,pantokrator 9 se>* ( spoil1 hav+ he>d t _m valuables _h be5 deposit$ = safe keep+ )9 ! /rong walls ar\nd ! mona/]y4 ,among ! cr[d ha/5+ ?i!r 0 ,m>t91 abbot ( ! ,ci/]cian ,abbey ( ,p>isis 9 ,alsace1 :o accompani$ ! ,crusade z *apla9 & *ronicl]4 ,! fev] ( plund] rag+ ab\t him 0 too infecti\s = ! good man to escape4 ,:5 ev]ybody else 0 gett+ ri* he c\ld n cons5t to rema9 poor4 ,8 only scruple 0 n to defile 8 holy h&s ) ! fil?y lucre :i* worldl+s covet$4 ,to purlo9 sacr$ relics1 h[ev]1 0 lawful booty4 ,ent]+1 !re=e1 ! ,pantokrator ) 8 *apla91 ,m>t9 acco/$ a v5]able1 :ite-be>d$ man :o seem$ famili> ) ! build+1 & 9 /5torian tones dem&$ :]e ! relics ( ! *ur* 7 to be f\nd4 ,! p]son address$ 01 9 fact1 a prie/1 ?\gh ,m>t9 _h mi/ak5 him = a layman on acc\nt ( ! /rang5ess ( ! ,greek cl]ical g>b4 ,! prie/ did n und]/& ,lat9 any m ?an ! abbot und]/ood ,greek1 & ! situation became awkw>d1 = ! pit* ( ,m>t9's voice made x evid5t t he 0 n a p]son to be trifl$ )4 ,! old man !re=e tri$ :at ! ,romance patois1 :i* he _h pick$ up f =eign resid5ts 9 ! city1 c\ld d to e/abli% intelligible int]c\rse ) ! r\gh visitor4 ,=tunately ! crusad] also knew some?+ ( t patois1 & made ! purpose ( 8 visit suffici5tly cle>4 ,z soon z ! iron safe conta9+ ! covet$ relics 0 op5$1 abbot & *apla9 plung$ f\r gre$y h&s into ! ho>d & /[$ relic aft] relic "u ! ample folds ( _! robes until !re 0 no room = m4 ,?us lad51 ! pi\s ?ieves made z fa/ z !y c\ld = ! %ip 9 :i* !y _h come to ,con/ant9ople1 n /opp+ to conv]se ) fri5ds on ! way1 & giv+ to all curi\s inquiries ! brief & enigmatical reply1 ',we h done well4' ,^u rea*+ ! %ip ,m>t9 f\nd himself ! happy possessor ( no less ?an sixty-two relics1 includ+ a piece ( ! ,holy ,cross1 & drops ( '! blood %$ = man's r$emption4' ,m>t9 wi%$ to />t imm$iately = ,alsace1 b circum/ances oblig$ him to rema9 9 ,con/ant9ople = sev]al mon?s4 ,?anks1 h[ev]1 to ! prie/ ( ! ,pantokrator1 :om ! abbot _h treat$ g5]\sly1 ,m>t9 secur$ a small *apel :]e to conceal 8 spoils until an opportunity to return home %\ld occur4 ,a fell[-c\ntryman1 inde$1 ! only o!r p]son let into ! secret1 advis$ him to secure by means ( ! relics an abbot%ip1 if n a bi%opric1 9 ! ,holy ,l&4 ,b ,m>t9 0 above p]sonal ambition1 & not)/&+ all ! difficulties involv$ 9 ! attempt to c>ry ! relics to ! ,we/1 wait$ pati5tly till he c\ld smuggle !m out ( ! city4 ,at l5g? 8 *ance came2 :]eupon he emb>k$ = ,v5ice1 & aft] a h>d & t$i\s j\rney ( eight mon?s rea*$ home safely4 ,aga9 & aga9 on ! way he _h n>r[ly escap$ ! loss ( 8 treasures at ! h&s ( pirates on ! sea & ( brig&s ^u l&4 ,b all toils & dang]s 7 =gott5 :51 on ! #bd? ( ,june #abje1 at ! head ( ! bro!rhood ( :i* he 0 ! *ief1 ,m>t9 plac$ ! relics purlo9$ f ! ,pantokrator ( ,con/ant9ople ^u ! high alt> ( ! *ur* ( ,p>isis ) a conqu]or's pride & joy1 :ile ! p %\t$1 ',bless$ be ! ,"l ,god1 ! ,god ( ,israel1 :o only doe? wondr\s ?+s4' ,!re is ar*aeology ev5 9 morals4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,lxi4 ,s4 ,,savi\r ,,pantokrator4 ,,int]ior ,,( ,,! ,,s\? ,,*ur*1 ,,look+ ,,ea/4 ,illu/ration3 ,s4 ,,savi\r ,,pantokrator4 ,,! ,,s\!rn ,,arm ,,( ,,! ,,s\? ,,*ur*4 ,to face page #bbd4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ge4 ,b :ile call$ ?us to deplore ! removal ( _m ( its valu$ relics1 ! ,pantokrator came dur+ ! ,lat9 p]iod into possession ( a sacr$ object :i* comp5sat$ ! h\se abundantly = all losses ( t k9d4 ,! *ur* became ! %r9e ( ! eikon ( ! ,!otokos ,hodegetria4 ,no relic 0 held 9 high] e/imation4 ,x 0 consid]$ to be ! portrait ( ! "m ( our ,"l pa9t$ by ,s4 ,luke1 & 0 br\ght f ,j]usalem to ,con/ant9ople by ! ,empress ,eudocia1 wife ( ,!odosius ,,ii41 z a pres5t to h] si/]-9-law ,pul*]ia4 ,x l$ ! ho/s ( ! ,empire to victory1 & %>$ ! hon\rs ( _! triumphal entry into ! capital4 ,:5 enemies besieg$ ! city1 ! eikon 0 c>ri$ 9 procession ?r\gh ! /reets & ar\nd ! =tifications1 or 0 plac$ ne> ! po/ ( dang]4 ,aft] ! capture ( ! city by ! ,lat9s ! picture 0 fir/ tak5 to ,s4 ,sophia1 !n ! ca!dral ( ! ,v5etian patri>*s ( ,con/ant9ople4 ,b ! ,v5etian cl]gy ( ! ,pantokrator claim$ ! sacr$ picture z _! own1 9 virtue ( a promise made to !m by ! ,emp]or ,h5ry2 & :5 _! claim 0 ignor$1 !y p]suad$ ! pode/a ( ! ,v5etian community to break into ,s4 ,sophia & seize ! eikon by =ce4 ,9 va9 did ! patri>* appe> ^u ! sc5e ) c&le & bell to excommunicate ! pode/a1 8 c\ncil1 & 8 ag5ts = ! sacrilegi\s act4 ,! covet$ prize 0 borne (f 9 triumph to ! ,pantokrator4 ,9 va9 did ! ,papal ,legate 9 ! city confirm ! excommunication ( ! guilty p>ties1 & lay _! *ur*es "u int]dict4 ,9 va9 7 ^? p5alties confirm$ by ! ,pope himself4#chj ,! eikon kept its place 9 ! ,pantokrator not)/&+ all ana!mas until ! fall ( ! ,lat9 ,empire1 :5 x 0 remov$ f ! *ur* to lead ! procession :i* came ?r\gh ! ,gold5 ,gate on ! #ae? ,augu/ #abfa1 to celebrate ! recov]y ( ,con/ant9ople by ! ,greeks4#cha ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,lxii4 ,s4 ,,savi\r ,,pantokrator4 ,,entrance ,,f ,,! ,,n>!x ,,to ,,! ,,s\? ,,*ur*4 ,illu/ration3 ,s4 ,,savi\r ,,pantokrator4 ,,! ,,int]ior1 ,,look+ ,,f ,,! ,,s\? ,,*ur* ,,?r\gh ,,into ,,! ,,nor? ,,*ur*4 ,to face page #bbf4 ,t[>ds ! close ( ! ,lat9 occupation ! mona/]y became ! resid5ce ( ! ,lat9 emp]or1 probably because ! condition ( ! public ex*equ] made x impossible to keep ei!r ! ,great ,palace or ! palace ( ,bla*]nae 9 prop] repair4 ,money 0 n pl5tiful 9 ,con/ant9ople :5 ,baldw9 ,,ii41 ! la/ ,lat9 rul] ( ! city1 0 compell$ to sell ! lead on ! ro( ( 8 palace = a paltry sum1 & to use ! beams ( 8 ou?\ses = fuel1 nor :5 he _h to leave 8 son & heir 9 ! h&s ( ! ,capelli at ,v5ice z security = a loan4 ,/ill1 ! selection ( ! mona/]y = ! emp]or's abode1 ev5 "u ^! try+ circum/ances1 implies ! importance & comp>ative spl5d\r ( ! build+4 ,"h ,baldw9 0 9 resid5ce :5 ! =ces ( ,mi*ael ,palaeologus1 "u ! comm& ( ,alexius ,/rategop\los1 approa*$ ! city1 & "h he receiv$ ! intellig5ce1 e>ly 9 ! morn+ ( ! #be? ( ,july #abfa1 t ! ,greeks _h ent]$ ! city by ! ,gate ( ! ,peg#chb 7,selivri ,kap\ssi71 & set fire to ! capital at f\r po9ts4 ,baldw9's fir/ impulse 0 to make a brave /&4 ,b 8 fleet & ! great] "p ( 8 army 7 abs5t f ! city1 engag$ 9 ! siege ( ,daphnusium on ! coa/ ( ! ,black ,sea4 ,meantime ! fires k9dl$ by ! ,greeks 7 spread+ & draw+ ne>] & ne>] to ! ,pantokrator itself4 ,s ca/+ (f sword & helmet & e o!r m>k ( 8 /ation1 ,baldw9 took %ip & l$ ! flight ( ! ,lat9 ma/]s ( ,con/ant9ople back to _! homes 9 ! ,we/4#chc ,! fir/ incid5t 9 ! hi/ory ( ! ,pantokrator aft] ! re/oration ( ! ,greek ,empire 0 n =tunate4 ,! mona/]y !n became ! object ^u :i* ! ,g5oese1 :o _h fav\r$ t ev5t1 & be5 rew>d$ ) ! grant ( ,galata z a trad+ po/1 saw fit to v5t ! grudge !y bore aga9/ c]ta9 ,v5etians :o1 9 ! c\rse ( ! feud betwe5 ! two republics1 z competitors = ! comm]ce ( ! ,ea/1 _h injur$ a *ur* & a t[] belong+ to ! ,g5oese colony at ,acre4 ,to de/roy "s build+ 9 ,con/ant9ople associat$ ) ,v5ice 0 ?\ght to be ! be/ way to settle ! out/&+ acc\nt1 & s a b& ( ,g5oese made = ! ,pantokrator1 ov] :i* ! bann] ( ,s4 ,m>k _h rec5tly float$1 & tore ! mona/]y d[n to ! gr\nd1 mak+ x a great] ru9 ?an ! ,v5etians _h made ( ! ,g5oese build+s 9 ,syria4 ,!n1 n only to deprive ! enemy ( 8 prop]ty b to turn x also to "o's own advantage1 ! scatt]$ /ones 7 collect$ & %ipp$ to ,g5oa = ! con/ruction ( ! *ur* ( ,s4 ,george 9 t city4#chd ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,lxiii4 ,s4 ,,savi\r ,,pantokrator4 ,,gall]y ,,( ,,! ,,nor? ,,*ur*1 ,,look+ ,,s\?4 ,illu/ration3 ,s4 ,,savi\r ,,pantokrator4 ,,! ,,int]ior ,,( ,,! ,,nor? ,,*ur*1 ,,look+ ,,ea/4 ,to face page #bbh4 ,9 ! reign ( ,mi*ael ,palaeologus1 a memb] ( ! noble family ( ! pr9ces ( ! ,peloponnesus became abbot ( ! ,pantokrator1 & acquir$ great influ5ce4 ,he l$1 z we %all see1 ! mission :i* conduct$ ! emp]or's daught] ,m>ia to ! ,mongolian c\rt1 & :5 ! patri>*al seat 0 vacant 9 #abge1 a /rong p>ty fav\r$ 8 appo9tm5t to t position in/ead ( ,veccus4#che ,dur+ ! p]iod ( ! ,palaeologi ! *ur* frequ5tly s]v$ z a mausoleum = memb]s ( ! imp]ial family4 ,"h 9 #acag 0 buri$ ,ir5e1 ! second wife ( ,&ronicus ,,ii41 a ,spani% pr9cess & daught] ( ! ,m>quis ( ,monf]rat4 ,%e came to ,con/ant9ople 9 #abhe1 :5 only elev5 ye>s old1 a beautiful girl1 ,yol&e by "n1 di/+ui%$ = ! elegance ( h] mann]s1 & = a "t 0 ! idol ( ! c\rt4 ,b :at ) ! desire :i* %e develop$ to amass weal?1 & to see h] sons %>e 9 ! gov]nm5t ( ! ,empire1 %e ultimately prov$ ! cause ( mu* unhapp9ess to h] husb&4#chf ,%e des]ves to be rememb]$ = bequea?+ ! funds :i* enabl$ ,&ronicus ,,ii4 to build ! buttresses support+ ! walls ( ,s4 ,sophia on ! nor? & ea/4#chg ,"h1 9 #adbe1 ,manuel ,,ii4 0 laid to re/ aft] 8 long & tr\bl$ reign4#chh ,beside him 7 buri$ 8 wife ,ir5e 7#adej7chi & 8 ?ree sons1 ,&ronicus 7#adbi71cij ,!odore 7#addh71cia ,john ,,vi4 ,palaeologus 7#addh74cib ,"h also 0 plac$ ! tomb ( ! ,empress ,m>ia ( ! h\se ( ,trebizond1 ! f\r? wife ( ,john ,,vii4 ,palaeologus2#cic & n f> (f 0 ! grave ( ,eug5ia1 ! wife ( ! despot ,demetrius & daught] ( ! ,g5oese ,gatulazzo1 :o _h help$ to ov]?r[ ,john ,cantacuz5e & to recov] ! ?rone = ! ,palaeologi4#cid ,z we foll[ to ! grave ?is procession ( p]sonages s closely associat$ ) ! fall ( ,con/ant9ople1 "o seems to be wat*+ ! sl[ ebb+ away ( ! life-blood ( ! ,empire :i* !y c\ld n save4 ,9 #adjg ,john ,palaeologus1 !n heir-app>5t1 add$ to ! end[m5ts ( ! *ur* by giv+ x a %>e 9 ! rev5ues ( ! imp]ial doma9s at ,cass&ra4#cie ,x w\ld appe> t ! affairs ( ! mona/]y ab\t ?is "t 7 n 9 a satisfactory /ate1 = on ! advice ( ! hi/orian ,phrantzes !y 7 put = settlem5t into ! h&s ( ,mac>ius1 a monk f ,mt4 ,a?os4#cif ,a protosyngellos & abbot ( ! ,pantokrator 0 "o ( ! ambassadors s5t by ,john ,,vii4 ,palaeologus to ,pope ,m>t9 ,v4 to negotiate ! union ( ! ,*ur*es4#cig ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,lxiv4 ,s4 ,,savi\r ,,pantokrator4 ,,ar* ,,9 ,,! ,,nor? ,,wall ,,( ,,! ,,s\? ,,*ur*1 ,,se5 ,,f ,,! ,,s\? ,,*ur*1 ,,look+ ,,nor?w>ds4 ,illu/ration3 ,s4 ,,savi\r ,,pantokrator4 ,,ar* ,,9 ,,! ,,nor? ,,wall ,,( ,,! ,,s\? ,,*ur*1 ,,se5 ,,f ,,! ,,c5tral ,,*ur*1 ,,look+ ,,s\?w>ds4 ,to face page #bcj4 ,! mo/ fam\s inmate ( ! ,pantokrator 0 ,george ,s*ol>ius1 bett] kn[n z ,g5nadius1 ! fir/ patri>* ( ,con/ant9ople aft] ! ,turki% conque/4 ,on acc\nt ( 8 le>n+ & legal atta9m5ts he accompani$ ! ,emp]or ,john ,,vii4 ,palaeologus & ! ,patri>* ,joseph to ! ,c\ncil ( ,f]r>a & ,flor5ce 9 #adch1 to take "p 9 ! negotiations = ! union ( ,*ri/5dom4 ,z submission to ! ,papal dem&s 0 ! only hope ( obta9+ ! aid ( ! ,we/ = ! ,roman ,empire 9 ! ,ea/1 ! emp]or1 ) mo/ ( ! ,greek cl]gy 9 att5dance at ! c\ncil1 subscrib$ ! decrees ( t assembly1 & on ! #h? ,july #adch ! two ,*ur*es 7 (ficially reconcil$ & b\nd to common action4 ,b x 0 a union )\t suffici5t religi\s motive on ! "o side & )\t /rong political int]e/ on ! o!r4 ,in/ead ( improv+ ! situation x made matt]s worse4 ,b dr[n+ m5 clut* ev5 unsub/antial objects1 & accord+ly ! ,emp]or ,con/ant9e ,dragases1 a few ye>s lat]1 implor$ aga9 ! assi/ance ( ! ,pope1 begg+ him to s5d a commission ( ,roman ecclesia/ics to ,con/ant9ople to conf] once m ) ,greek !ologians ) ! hope ( mak+ ! union m effective4 ,9 response to t reque/ a ,commission 0 appo9t$1 hav+ at its head ,c>d9al ,isidore1 a ,greek ecclesia/ic1 :o at ! ,c\ncil ( ,flor5ce _h ca/ 9 8 lot ) ! ,lat9s & be5 creat$ c>d9al & titul> ar*bi%op ( ,kiev4 ,isidore & 8 colleagues 7 welcom$ ) great demon/rations ( joy1 & aft] sev]al meet+s ) repres5tatives ( ! ,ea/]n ,*ur* t]ms ( union 7 once m devis$4 ,! ev5t 0 celebrat$ by a religi\s s]vice 9 ,s4 ,sophia1 accord+ to ,roman rite1 9 ! pres5ce ( ! emp]or1 ! s5ate1 & a l>ge body ( ecclesia/ics4 ,9 ! ord] ( ! pray]s (f]$ t day 9 ! ca!dral ( ! ,ea/ ! "n ( ! ,pope 0 m5tion$ fir/4 ,b ^! proce$+s only exasp]at$ ! oppon5ts ( ! union1 :o _h ! advantage 9 numb]s & 9 passionate convictions4 ,seek+ = a lead] !y flock$ to ! mona/]y ( ! ,pantokrator to consult ,g5nadius4 ,x 0 a critical mom5t4 ,g5nadius retir$ to 8 cell4 ,!n op5+ ! door he affix$ 8 answ] 9 writ+ ^u x1 & aga9 %ut himself 94 ,! oracle _h spok53 ',wret*$ ,romans1 :i!r h ye /ray$1 & gone f> f hope 9 ,god to put y\r tru/ 9 ! ,franks8 ,y\r city & y\r religion w p]i% toge!r4 ,y ab&on ! fai? ( y\r fa!rs & embrace impiety4 ,woe unto y 9 ! day ( judgm5t4' ,! words spread l wildfire & enflam$ ! excit$ cr[d )9 & ar\nd ! mona/]y4 ,ana!mas1 curs+ all support]s ( ! union 9 ! pa/1 9 ! pres5t1 & 9 ! future res\nd$ on e h&4 ,! answ] ( ,g5nadius 0 c>ri$ ?r\gh ! city & f\nd an e*o among all classes ( ! population4 ,m5 ran to ! tav]ns to dr9k undilut$ w9e1 9 d]ision ( ! ,roman practice ( mix+ wat] ) ! w9e ( ! ,holy ,communion2 !y %\t$ !mselves ho>se ) mal$ictions on ! unioni/s2 !y drank to ! hon\r ( ! ,!otokos1 invok+ h] aid z 9 ! days ( old1 :5 %e deliv]$ ! city out ( ! h&s ( ! ,p]sians1 ! ,av>s1 & ! ,s>ac5s4 ,f> & wide rose ! cry1 ',away ) ! help & ! wor%ip ( ! ,lat9 eat]s ( unleav5$ bread4'#cih ,! two sc5es witness$1 on ! #ab? ,decemb] #adeb1 9 ,s4 ,sophia & at ! ,pantokrator display$ a discord t ha/5$ ! d[nfall ( ,new ,rome4 ,t day ! p>ty ) ! wat*word1 ',bett] ! turban ( ! ,turk ?an ! ti>a ( ! ,pope1' ga9$ ! victory4 ,^u ! capture ( ! city1 ! ,greek community1 ow+ to ! rec5t dea? ( ! ,patri>* ,a?anasius1 f\nd itself )\t an ecclesia/ical *ief4 ,! conqu]or1 anxi\s to conciliate 8 ,greek subjects1 proclaim$ complete religi\s tol]ation1 & gave ord]s t !y %\ld =?) proce$ to ! free election ( a new patri>*4 ,"u ! circum/ances !re c\ld be no "q z to ! "r man = ! place4 ,g5nadius1 :o _h oppos$ ! unpr(itable ,lat9 alliance1 & sav$ ! national ,*ur* not)/&+ ! ru9 ( ! ,empire1 0 unanim\sly *os5 to be ! fir/ guide ( 8 p along ! /range & difficult pa? !y 7 n[ to foll[4 ,! *oice be+ confirm$ by ! ,sultan1 ,g5nadius left ! ,pantokrator to d homage to ! new ma/] ( ! realm4 ,e m>k ( hon\r 0 paid to ! prelate4 ,he 0 invit$ to ! royal table & grant$ a long audi5ce1 at :i*1 foll[+ ! practice ( ,byzant9e emp]ors1 ! ,sultan pres5t$ him ) a magnific5t pa/oral /aff1 & promis$ to respect all ! anci5t privileges ( ! patri>*al see4 ,:5 ,g5nadius took leave1 ! ,sultan accompani$ him to ! foot ( ! /airs ( ! palace1 saw him m\nt$ on a f9e & ri*ly cap>ison$ horse1 & ord]$ ! notables ( ! c\rt to escort him to ! *ur* ( ! ,holy ,apo/les1 :i* 0 to replace ,s4 ,sophia z ! ca!dral ( ! ,greek ,communion4#cii ,x 0 c]ta9ly =tunate = ! ,or?odox ,*ur* at t cruel mom5t 9 its hi/ory to f9d 9 "o ( ! cells ( ! ,pantokrator a man able to w9 ! goodwill ( ! ,empire's conqu]or4 ,:5 no?+ c\ld save ! ,/ate1 ,g5nadius sav$ ! nation's ,*ur*1 & ) ! ,*ur* _m =ms ( national life4 ,muralt1 look+ at ^! transactions f ano!r /&po9t1 says1 ',c'e/ a9si que les ,grecs vir5t accompli leur voeu d'tre dlivrs de l'union avec les ,lat9s4'#djj ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,lxv4 ,s4 ,,savi\r ,,pantokrator4 ,,n>!x ,,( ,,! ,,nor? ,,*ur*1 ,,look+ ,,nor?4 ,illu/ration3 ,s4 ,,savi\r ,,pantokrator4 ,,out] ,,n>!x ,,( ,,! ,,s\? ,,*ur*1 ,,look+ ,,nor?4 ,to face page #bcb4 ,x w\ld appe> t ! ,pantokrator 0 ab&on$ by its ,*ri/ian own]s v soon aft] ! conque/4 ,! great decrease ( ! ,greek population t foll[$ ! d[nfall ( ! city left sev]al qu>t]s ( ,con/ant9ople ) few if any ,*ri/ian inhabitants1 & s br\ght to an end ! native religi\s s]vice 9 _m *ur*es ( ! capital4 ,= "s "t !reaft] ! des]t$ build+ 0 us$ by full]s & work]s 9 lea!r z a work%op & dwell+4#dja ,b ! edifice 0 too gr& to be all[$ to suff] p]man5t degradation1 & "s tw5ty ye>s lat] x 0 consecrat$ to ,moslem wor%ip by a c]ta9 ,zerek ,mehem$ ,eff5di4#djb ,its actual "n1 ,zerek ,kilissi ,jamissi1 recalls ! d\ble s]vice ! build+ has r5d]$1 & ! p]son :o div]t$ x f its e>li] to its lat] use4 ,ar*itectural ,features ,z x /&s ! ,pantokrator is a comb9ation ( ?ree *ur*es1 plac$ side by side1 & communicat+ ) "o ano!r ?r\gh ar*$ op5+s 9 _! common walls4 ,! ?ree build+s are n ( ! same date1 & op9ions diff] 9 reg>d to _! relative age4 ,on ! :ole1 h[ev]1 ! nor!rn *ur* may be safely consid]$ ! e>lie/ /ructure2 ! c5tral *ur* is some:at lat]2 ! s\!rn *ur* is ! late/4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #gf4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,lxvi4 ,s4 ,,savi\r ,,pantokrator4 ,,s\? ,,bay ,,9 ,,! ,,gall]y ,,( ,,! ,,s\? ,,*ur*4 ,illu/ration3 ,s4 ,,savi\r ,,pantokrator4 ,,9 ,,! ,,nor? ,,*ur*1 ,,look+ ,,s\?4 ,to face page #bcd4 ,! ,nor!rn ,*ur*4--,?is is a simple & dignifi$ build+ ( ! dom$ 'f\r column' type1 ) a gynaeceum above ! n>!x4 ,! n>!x is 9 f\r bays cov]$ ) cross-gro9$ vaults on transv]se ar*es4 ,its s\!rn bay1 h[ev]1 is a lat] ext5sion1 runn+ ab\t half-way 9 front ( ! c5tral *ur* to give access to a door into t build+4 ,only two bays ( ! orig9al n>!x h doors op5+ into ! nor? *ur*2 ! ?ird door :i* once exi/$ 9 ! nor!rn bay has be5 p>tly built up4 ,! n>!x is v mu* out ( repair1 & ! we/]n wall ?reat5s to fall outw>ds4 ,! dome1 pi]c$ by eight w9d[s1 %[s s _m ,turki% features t x may be pron\nc$ z mo/ly1 if n :olly1 a ,turki% con/ruction4 ,! f\r squ>e pi]s :i* support x are manife/ly ,turki%4 ,:5 ,gyllius visit$ ! *ur* 9 ! sixte5? c5tury ! dome ar*es re/$ on f\r columns ( ,!ban granite1 'hemisph]ium su/5tatur quatuor arcubus1 quos fulciunt quatuor columnae m>moris ,!baici4'#djc ,b>rel vaults cov] ! arms ( ! cross1 :i*1 z usual 9 *ur*es ( ?is type1 appe>s di/9ctly above ! ro( on ! ext]ior4 ,! s\!rn arm ext5ds to ! c5tral *ur* & its vault is pi]c$ by two w9d[s1 ins]t$1 probably1 to comp5sate = ! loss ( light occasion$ by ! erection ( t build+4 ,^! w9d[s furni% "o indication ( ! e>li] date ( ! nor? *ur*4 ,! gynaeceum1 l ! n>!x bel[ x1 is cov]$ ) cross-gro9$ vaults & conta9s a small fireplace4 ,! pro!sis & diaconicon h b>rel vaults & apses ) ?ree sides project+ slightly on ! ext]ior4 ,! ma9 apse has a v l(ty triple w9d[1 & %[s five sides4 ,all ! apses are decorat$ ) high %all[ bl9d ni*es1 a simple b effective ornam5t4#djd ,! ,c5tral ,*ur*4--,! c5tral *ur* is an oblong hall cov]$ by two domes1 & t]m9ates 9 a l>ge apse4 ,x is extremely irregul> 9 plan1 & does n lie p>allel to ei!r ( ! *ur*es betwe5 :i* x /&s4 ,! domes are sep>at$ by a transv]se ar*4 ,! we/]n dome1 ?\gh flatt5$ some:at on ! f\r sides1 is approximately circul>1 & divid$ into sixte5 %all[ concave comp>tm5ts1 ea* pi]c$ by a w9d[4 ,"s ( ^! w9d[s mu/ h be5 always block$ by ! ro( ( ! nor? *ur*4 ,! ea/]n dome is a pron\nc$ oval1 not)/&+ ! attempt to =m a squ>e base = x by build+ a subsidi>y ar* bo? on ! s\? & on ! nor?4 ,x is divid$ into tw5ty-f\r concave comp>tm5ts1 twelve ( :i* h w9d[s4 ,! drums ( ! domes adjo9 ea* o!r above ! transv]se ar*1 s t ! c5tral we/ w9d[ ( ! ea/]n dome is pi]c$ ?r\gh to ! we/]n dome4 ,! two w9d[s on ei!r side ( t w9d[ are bl9d1 & mu/ always h be5 s4 ,! floor 9 ! ar*way lead+ into ! s\? *ur* is pav$ ) inlaid m>bles =m+ a beautiful design 7,fig4 #gf74 ,if ! :ole floor ( ! *ur* 0 ?us decorat$ ! effect mu/ h be5 extremely ri*4 ,on ! ext]ior ! apse %[s sev5 sides1 decorat$ ) %all[ bl9d ni*es4 ,l ! *ur* x is v irregul>ly set out4 7,plate ,,lxix47 ,! c5tral *ur* probably s]v$ z a mausoleum = ! tombs ( ! imp]ial p]sonages int]r$ at ! ,pantokrator4 ,9 its =m & 9 ! arrangem5t ( its domes1 z well z 9 its position on ! s\? ( ! *ur* to :i* x /rictly belongs1 x resembles ! p>ecclesion ( ,s4 ,savi\r 9 ! ,*ora 7p4 #caj74 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,lxvii4 ,s4 ,,savi\r ,,pantokrator4 ,,! ,,pulpit ,,9 ,,! ,,s\? ,,*ur*4 ,illu/ration3 ,s4 ,,savi\r ,,pantokrator4 ,,we/ ,,side ,,( ,,! ,,c5tral ,,bay ,,9 ,,! ,,gall]y ,,( ,,! ,,s\? ,,*ur*4 ,to face page #bcf4 ,! ,s\? ,*ur*4--,! s\? *ur* is ( ! same plan z ! nor? *ur*1 b is l>g] & m ri*ly decorat$4 ,x has two n>!xes1 :i* ext5d to bo? ! nor? & s\? beyond ! body ( ! build+4 ,! out] n>!x1 ent]$ by a s+le door plac$ 9 ! c5tre1 is 9 five bays1 cov]$ ) cross-gro9$ vaults re/+ on pila/]s4 ,its floor is pav$ ) l>ge slabs ( ,proconnesian m>ble surr\nd$ by a bord] ( r$ m>ble4 ,five doors lead to ! eson>!x--! ?ree c5tral doors be+ fram$ 9 r$ m>ble1 ! o!r two 9 v]d antique4 ,on ei!r side ( ! c5tral door is a w9d[ also fram$ 9 v]d antique1 ! jambs ( ! w9d[s be+ cut f old columns1 & reta9+ ! circul> =m on _! faces4 ,ov] ! c5tral door & ! w9d[s beside x is a l>ge ar* betwe5 two small] ar*es--all ?ree1 z well z _! bracket capitals1 n[ p>tially built up4 ,!re is a door fram$ 9 v]d antique 9 ea* end bay ( ! n>!x4 ,l ! out] n>!x ! eson>!x is 9 five bays1 & 0 pav$ ) m>ble 9 a simil> fa%ion4 ,b :ile its o!r bays are cov]$ ) cross-gro9$ vaults ! c5tral bay is op5 to ! gall]y above1 & is ov]hung by a drum dome4 ,! gall]y 0 ?us divid$ into two p>ts by ! op5 c5tral bay1 & bo? gall]y & n>!x 7 light$ by ! dome4 ,! ext]ior ( ?is dome is twelve-sid$1 ) flat angle pila/]s & level m\ld$ pla/] cornice4 ,x has evid5tly be5 repair$ by ! ,turks4 ,! inside1 h[ev]1 pres]ves ! ,byzant9e "w4 ,x is 9 tw5ty-f\r concave ap>tm5ts pi]c$ by twelve w9d[s1 ( :i* ^? fac+ ! we/ cross arm ( ! *ur* are bl9d4 ,z ! orig9al we/ w9d[ /ill %[s f ! inside1 ?\gh built up1 x w\ld appe> t ! gynecaeum dome 0 add$ aft] ! completion ( ! ma9 *ur*4 ,at pres5t ! op5 bay is ceil$ by ! woodwork t =ms ! floor ( ! tribune occupi$ by ! ,sultan :5 he att5ds wor%ip 9 ! mosque4#dje ,a door 9 ! nor!rn wall ( ! nor? bay communicates ) ! n>!x ( ! nor? *ur*1 :ile a door 9 ! ea/]n wall ( ! bay gives access to ! c5tral *ur*4 ,two doors 9 simil> positions 9 ! bay at ! s\? end ( ! n>!x l$ to build+s :i* h disappe>$4 ,! ?ree doors lead+ f ! n>!x into ! *ur* are fram$ 9 r$ m>ble1 ! o!r doors 9 :ite m>ble4 ,! ma9 dome ( ! *ur* is 9 sixte5 comp>tm5ts1 & is pi]c$ by z _m w9d[s4 ,its ar*es re/ on f\r %aft$ columns1 some:at ,go?ic 9 "*1 & cr[n$ ) capitals di/9ctly ,turki%4 ,^! columns h replac$ ! columns ( porphyry1 sev5 feet 9 circumf]5ce1 :i* ,gyllius saw be>+ ! ar*es ( ! dome :5 he visit$ ! *ur*3 'maximum 7tectum7 su/5tatur quatuor columnis pyrrhopoecilis1 qu>um p]imet] habet septem p$es4'#djf ,! s\!rn wall is light$ by a triple w9d[ 9 ! gable & a r[ ( ?ree w9d[s bel[ ! /r+-c\rse4 ,! nor!rn wall 0 treat$ on ! same plan1 b ) ! modifications r5d]$ necess>y by ! union ( ! *ur* ) ! e>li] c5tral *ur*4 ,! triple w9d[s 9 ! gable ( t wall are !re=e almo/ block$ by ! ro( ( ! c5tral *ur* aga9/ :i* x is built2 :ile ! ?ree w9d[s bel[ ! /r+-c\rse are bl9d & are cut %ort by ! ar* op5+ into ! c5tral *ur*1 z t ar* rises high] ?an ! /r+-c\rse4 ,z expla9$1 ! gynaeceum above ! inn] n>!x is divid$ by ! op5 c5tral bay ( t n>!x into two comp>tm5ts1 ea* consi/+ ( two bays4 ,! bays to ! s\? are n>r[1 ) transv]se ar*es ( decid$ly elliptical =m4 ,a w9d[ divid$ by %afts 9 ?ree lights1 n[ built up1 /ood 9 ! bay at ! extreme s\?1 & simil> w9d[s look$ d[n into ! op5 bay ( ! n>!x f ! bays on ei!r h&4 ,! nor!rn comp>tm5t ( ! gynaeceum connects ) ! gynaeceum ( ! nor? *ur*4 ,9 ! int]ior ! apse reta9s a l>ge portion ( its revetm5t ( v>i\sly col\r$ m>bles1 & gives "s idea ( ! orig9al spl5d\r ( ! decoration4 ,fragm5ts ( f9e c>v+ h be5 built into ! pulpit ( ! mosque1 & ov] x is a ,byzant9e canopy support$ on tw9 columns loop$ toge!r1 l ! tw9 columns on ! faade ( ,s4 ,m>k's at ,v5ice4 ,! lat]al apses are cov]$ ) cross-gro9$ vaults1 & project 9 ?ree sides ext]nally1 :ile ! c5tral apse %[s sev5 sides4 ,all are light$ by triple w9d[s1 & decorat$ on ! ext]ior ) ni*es1 l ! o!r apses 9 ?is gr\p ( build+s1 & ^? ( ,s4 ,!odosia4 ,9 ! brickwork f\nd 9 ! fabric ( ! ,pantokrator1 z ,mr4 ,w4 ,s4 ,george has po9t$ out1 two sizes ( brick are employ$1 a l>g] & a small] size laid 9 alt]nate c\rses4 ,! l>g] bricks look l old mat]ial us$ aga94 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,lxviii4 ,s4 ,,savi\r ,,pantokrator4 ,,int]ior ,,( ,,! ,,ea/ ,,dome ,,9 ,,! ,,c5tral ,,*ur*4 ,illu/ration3 ,s4 ,,savi\r ,,pantokrator4 ,,int]ior ,,( ,,! ,,dome ,,9 ,,! ,,s\? ,,*ur*1 ,,look+ ,,nor?4 ,to face page #bch4 ,z already intimat$1 ! mona/]y 0 autonom\s 7,greek2 autodespotos1 autex\sios71 & its abbot 0 elect$ by ! bro!rhood 9 ! foll[+ mann]3--,on "s suitable occasion ! abbot = ! "t be+ plac$ secretly 9 a box ! names ( ?ree memb]s ( ! frat]nity :om he consid]$ fit to succe$ him aft] 8 dea?1 & hav+ seal$ ! box deposit$ x 9 ! sacri/y ( ! *ur*4 ,^u t abbot's dea? ! box 0 op5$ 9 ! pres5ce ( ! :ole frat]nity1 & ! names recomm5d$ by ! late *ief 7 !n put to ! vote4 ,if ! votes 7 unanim\s ! p]son ?us *os5 became ! new abbot )\t fur!r delay4 ,b 9 case ( disagreem5t1 a bro!r :o c\ld nei!r read nor write plac$ ! same names ^u ! alt> ( ! *ur*2 !re !y rema9$ = ?ree days2 & !n1 aft] ! celebration ( a solemn s]vice1 ano!r illit]ate monk drew "o "n (f ! alt>1 & 9 do+ s decid$ ! "q :o %\ld fill ! vacant (fice4 ,! *ur* 0 s]v$ by eighty prie/s & fifty assi/ants1 :o 7 divid$ into two sets1 (ficiat+ on alt]nate weeks4 ,9 connection ) ! mona/]y !re 0 a ba?1 capable ( conta9+ six p]sons1 9 :i* ! monks 7 requir$ to ba! twice a mon?1 except dur+ ,l5t1 :5 ! ba? 0 us$ only 9 cases ( illness4 ,! home = old m5 support$ by ! ,h\se accommodat$ tw5ty-f\r p]sons1 provid+ !m ) bread1 w9e1 oil1 *eese1 fuel1 m$ical att5dance1 & small gifts ( money4 ,! hospital _h fifty b$s = ! poor4 ,x 0 divid$ into five w>ds3 a w>d ( t5 b$s = surgical cases2 ano!r1 ( eight b$s1 = grave cases2 a ?ird1 ( t5 b$s1 = less s]i\s compla9ts2 ! f\r? w>d _h twelve b$s = wom52 ! fif? conta9$ t5 b$s = :at seem$ light cases4 ,ea* w>d 0 9 *>ge ( two physicians1 ?ree m$ical assi/ants1 & f\r s]vitors4 ,a lady physician1 six lady m$ical assi/ants1 & two female nurses1 took *>ge ( ! female pati5ts4 ,! sick 7 visit$ daily by a h\se doctor1 :o inquir$ :e!r !y 7 satisfi$ ) _! treatm5t1 exam9$ _! diet1 & saw to ! cleanl9ess ( ! b$s4 ,! ord9>y diet consi/$ ( bread1 beans1 onions1 oil1 & w9e4#djg ,?r\gh\t _! hi/ory ! mona/]ies ( ,con/ant9ople rememb]$ ! poor4 7,see ,plate ,,iii47 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #gg4 ,illu/ration3 ,,figs4 #gh ,,& #gi4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #hj4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,lxix4 ,s4 ,,savi\r ,,pantokrator4 ,,! ,,ea/ ,,end1 ,,f ,,! ,,s\?4 ,illu/ration3 ,s4 ,,savi\r ,,pantokrator4 ,,! ,,ea/ ,,w9d[ ,,( ,,! ,,c5tral ,,*ur*4 ,illu/ration3 ,s4 ,,savi\r ,,pantokrator4 ,,! ,,ea/ ,,end1 ,,f ,,! ,,nor?4 ,to face page #bdb4 #ceh ,de top4 ,c4,p4 iv4 c4 #b1 p4 #bhc1 '9 sup]cilio qu>ti collis v]g5te ad solis ortum visitur templum ,pantocratoris1 illu/re memoria rec5tium scriptorum4' #cei ,tagebu*1 p4 #aeg4 #cfj ,it94 russes1 pp4 #aje1 #bcc-cd4 #cfa ,du ,cange1 ,con/4 ,*ri/4 iv4 p4 #ha2 ,it94 russes1 pp4 #abc1 #bjc-d4 #cfb ,synax41 ,augu/ #ac2 ,c9namus1 p4 #i2 ,phrantzes1 p4 #baj4 #cfc ,du ,cange1 ,c4,p4 ,*ri/4 iv4 p4 #ha1 quot+ ,anselm1 bi%op ( ,havelsb]g1 :o 0 9 ,con/ant9ople z ! ambassador ( ,lo?air ! ,great to ! ,emp]or ,john 9 #aade4 #cfd ,,ms4 ,no4 #he1 9 ! ,libr>y ( ! ,!ological ,sem9>y at ,halki4 #cfe ,synax41 #ac? ,augu/4 #cff ,pp4 #ff1 #aea4 #cfg ,,ms4 ,no4 #he1 9 ! ,libr>y ( ! ,!ological ,sem9>y at ,halki4 #cfh ,vol4 i4 p4 #eee4 #cfi ,anci5t & ,mod]n ,c4,p4 p4 #fi4 #cgj ,c9namus1 p4 #ad2 ,gun!rus ,p>isi5sis 9 ,riant's ,exuviae sacrae1 p4 #aje4 ,! s>cophagus t =ms "p ( a ,turki% f\nta9 to ! we/ ( ! *ur* is usually1 b )\t any pro(1 consid]$ to be ! tomb ( ,ir5e4 ,a long flight ( /eps ne> x leads to ! ci/]n bel[ ! *ur*4 #cga ,c9namus1 p4 #ca4 #cgb ,nicet4 ,*on4 pp4 #ec1 #ef1 #ff4 #cgc ,synax41 ,octob] #bf?4 #cgd ,nicet4 ,*on4 p4 #aea4 #cge ,ibid4 p4 #bhi4 #cgf ,nicet4 ,*on4 p4 #aea4 #cgg ,riant1 ,exuviae sacrae1 ii4 p4 #bcb4 #cgh ,nicet4 ,*on4 pp4 #ccb-cc1 #ced-ee4 #cgi ,riant1 ,exuviae sacrae1 i4 pp4 #ajd seq4 #chj ,bel91 ,hi/oire de la lat9it de ,con/ant9ople1 pp4 #gc-gd1 #aac-ad4 #cha ,pa*ym4 i4 p4 #afj2 ,niceph4 ,greg4 p4 #hg2 ,g4 ,acropolita1 pp4 #aif-ig4 ,! la/ writ] says ! eikon 0 tak5 f ! mona/]y ( ! ,hodegon1 :i* 0 its prop] %r9e4 ,! eikon may h be5 remov$ f ! ,pantokrator to ! *ur* ( ,hodegetria on ! eve ( ! triumphal entry4 #chb ,niceph4 ,greg4 i4 p4 #he4 ,cf4 ,canale1 ,nuova ,/oria1 ii4 p4 #aec1 quot$ by ,bel91 ,lat9it de ,c4,p4 p4 #bb1 'ov'erano la *iesa1 la loggia1 il palazzo dei ,v5eziani1' cf4 ,bel91 p4 #ib4 #chc ,george ,acropolita1 p4 #aie4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,pa*ym]es repres5ts ,baldw9 z tak+ flight f ! palace ( ,bla*]nae1 & emb>k+ at ! ,great ,palace4 ,see vol4 i4 ( t hi/orian's works1 pp4 #acb-dh4 #chd ,bel91 ,hi/oire de la lat9it de ,c4,p4 pp4 #bb-bc1 quot+ ,canale1 ,nuova ,/oria1 ii4 p4 #aec2 cf4 ,sauli1 i4 p4 #ee4 ,accord+ to ,fanucci1 ! ,v5etians !mselves remov$ _! national emblems f ! ,pantokrator & tore d[n ! mona/]y4--,bel91 ut supra1 pp4 #hh1 #ib4 #che ,pa*ym4 i4 p4 #djb4 #chf ,ibid4 ii4 pp4 #hg-hh2 ,niceph4 ,greg4 i4 p4 #afg4 #chg ,ibid4 i4 pp4 #bgc1 #bcc-cd4 #chh ,phrantzes1 p4 #aba4 #chi ,ibid4 p4 #baj4 #cij ,ibid4 p4 #acd4 #cia ,ibid4 p4 #bjc4 #cib ,ibid4 p4 #bjc4 #cic ,ibid4 p4 #aia4 #cid ,ibid4 p4 #aia4 #cie ,muralt1 ad annum4 #cif ,phrantzes1 p4 #aef4 #cig ,ibid4 p4 #aef4 #cih ,ducas1 pp4 #beb-fj4 #cii ,phrantzes1 pp4 #cjd-g4 #djj ,essai de *ronographie byzant9e1 ii4 p4 #hhi4 #dja ,ducas1 p4 #cah4 #djb ,*adekat1 vol4 i4 p4 #aah1 quot$ by ,paspates1 p4 #cab4 #djc ,de top4 ,c4,p4 iv4 c4 #b4 #djd ',! break+ ( wall surfaces by pila/]s & bl9d ni*es is a cu/om immemorial 9 ,ori5tal brickwork4'--,! ,?\s& & ,"o ,*ur*es1 by ,sir ,w4 ,ramsay & ,miss ,lo?ian ,bell1 p4 #ddh4 #dje ,x is rea*$ by an incl9$ plane built aga9/ ! ext]ior ( ! s\? wall ( ! *ur*4 #djf ,de top4 ,c4,p4 iv4 c4 #b4 #djg ,= ^! p>ticul>s we are indebt$ to ,,ms4 #he1 =m]ly 9 ! libr>y ( ! !ological sem9>y at ,halki4 ,accord+ to ! same au?ority1 ne> ! ,pantokrator /ood a *ur* d$icat$ to ! ,!otokos ,ele\sa1 & betwe5 ! two build+s 0 ! *apel ( ,s4 ,mi*ael t conta9$ ! tombs ( ! ,emp]or ,john ,comn5us & ! ,empress ,ir5e4 ,b accord+ to ,c9namus 7pp4 #ad1 #ca71 z we h se5 7p4 #bba71 ^? tombs 7 9 ! ,pantokrator4 ,is x possible t ( ! ?ree build+s commonly /yl$ ! *ur* ( ! ,pantokrator1 "o ( ! lat]al *ur*es 0 d$icat$ specially to ! ,!otokos ,ele\sa1 & t ! c5tral build+ :i* s]v$ z a mausoleum 0 d$icat$ to ! ar*angel ,mi*ael8 ,! p>ecclesion ( ! ,*ora :]e ,tornikes 0 buri$ 7p4 #caj7 0 associat$1 z ! frescoes 9 its we/]n dome prove1 ) ! angelic ho/4 ,,*apt] ,,xvi ,,! ,,*ur* ,,( ,s4 ,,!odore1 ,,kilissi ,,mesj$i ,high up ! we/]n slope ( ! ,?ird ,hill1 9 a quiet ,turki% qu>t] rea*$ by a n>r[ /reet lead+ (f ,vefa ,meidan1 /&s a small b graceful ,byzant9e *ur*1 kn[n s9ce its use z a mosque by ! /yle ,kilissi ,mesj$i4 ,au?orities diff] 9 reg>d to its d$ication4 ,gyllius#djh 0 told t ! *ur* _h be5 d$icat$ to ,s4 ,!odore4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ,le ,noir1 on ! /r5g? ( in=mation furni%$ by ,greek fri5ds1 & aft] him ,bayet1 ,f]gusson1 ,salz5b]g1 claim x z ! *ur* ( ! ,!otokos ( ,lips4 ,b ! *ur* ( t d$ication 0 c]ta9ly else:]e 7p4 #abc74 ,mordtmann#dji sugge/s t we h "h ! *ur* ( ,s4 ,ana/asia ,ph>macolytria 7,greek3 ts ph>makolytrias71#daj & supports 8 view by ! foll[+ argum5t4 ,9 ! fir/ place ! *ur* ( ,s4 ,!odore ! ,tiro 0 situat$ 9 ! qu>t] ( ,sphorakius1#daa :i* 0 9 ! imm$iate vic9ity ( ,s4 ,sophia1#dab & !re=e n ne> ,vefa ,meidan4 ,secondly1 ! indications giv5 by ,antony ( ,novgorod & by ! ,anonymus ( ! elev5? c5tury respect+ ! position ( ,s4 ,ana/asia po9t to ! site ( ,kilissi ,mesj$i4 ,! fact t ! *ur* 0 ev] suppos$ to be d$icat$ to ,s4 ,!odore is1 9 ,mordtmann's op9ion1 a mi/ake occasion$ by ! circum/ance t bo? ,s4 ,!odore & ,s4 ,ana/asia 7 cr$it$ ) ! p[] ( expos+ sorc]y & frauds1 s t a *ur* associat$ ) "o ( ^! sa9ts might readily be transf]r$ to ! o!r1 especially 9 ! confusion :i* foll[$ ! ,turki% conque/4 ,9 reply to ?is l9e ( argum5t1 x may be urg$1 fir/1 t ! pres5ce ( a *ur* ( ,s4 ,!odore 9 ! di/rict ( ,sphorakius does n prev5t ! exi/5ce ( a *ur* ) a simil> d$ication 9 ano!r "p ( ! city4 ,s4 ,!odore 0 a popul> sa9t4 ,!re 0 a *ur* nam$ aft] him 9 ! di/rict ( ,claudius 7,greek3 ta ,klaudi\72#dac ano!r *ur* built 9 8 hon\r /ood 9 ! di/rict ,c>b\n>ia 7,greek3 ta ,k>b\n>ia72#dad ! private *apel ( ! emp]ors 9 ! ,great ,palace 0 d$icat$ to ,s4 ,!odore2#dae & accord+ to ,phrantzes1#daf a *ur* d$icat$ at once to ,s4 ,!odore ! ,tiro & ,s4 ,!odore ! ,g5]al1 z at ,a!ns1 0 erect$ 9 ,con/ant9ople 9 8 day4 ,z to ! indications suppos$ to fav\r ! view t ! *ur* ( ,s4 ,ana/asia /ood at ,kilissi ,mesj$i1 !y are1 to say ! lea/1 exce$+ly vague & inconclusive4 ,accord+ to ,antony ( ,novgorod#dag ! %r9e ( ,s4 ,ana/asia 0 f\nd ne> ! *ur* ( ! ,pantokrator1 on ! ,f\r? ,hill1 :]eas ,kilissi ,mesj$i /&s on ! ,?ird ,hill4 ,fur!rmore1 ! ord] 9 :i* ! ,anonymus#dah ref]s to ! *ur* ( ,s4 ,ana/asia ,ph>macolytria1 imm$iately be=e ! ,leomacellum1 :i* ,mordtmann id5tifies ) ! ,et ,meidan1 w\ld all[ u to place ,s4 ,ana/asia 9 ! valley ( ! ,lycus4 ,"u ^! circum/ances x is wis] to accept ! in=mation giv5 to ,gyllius z correct2 = :ile ! ,greeks ( 8 day 7 n infallible 9 _! id5tification ( ! build+s ( ! city1 !re is no evid5ce t !y 7 mi/ak5 9 ?is p>ticul> case4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,lxx4 ,s4 ,,!odore4 ,,nor? ,,end ,,( ,,! ,,we/]n ,,fa,,ade4 ,illu/ration3 ,s4 ,,!odore4 ,,! ,,*ur*1 ,,f ,,! ,,nor?-,,we/4 ,to face page #bdd4 ,paspates#dai agrees s f> ) ?is view1 b ma9ta9s1 at ! same "t1 t ! build+ 0 ! *ur* ( ,s4 ,!odore '9 ! di/rict ( ,sphorakius4' ,t id5tification is inadmissible1 = beyond all dispute ! di/rict ( ,sphorakius /ood close to ,s4 ,sophia & n at ,vefa ,meidan4 ,mhlmann#dbj likewise reg>ds ,kilissi ,mesj$i z a *ur* ( ,s4 ,!odore1 & id5tifies x ) ! *ur* d$icat$ to t sa9t 9 ! di/rict ( ,c>b\n>ia4 ,?is is possible1 al?\gh ! ,anonymus#dba m5tions ! ,c>b\n>ia be=e ! ,anemod\lion & ! =um ( ,taurus 7! region ( ! ,turki% ,w> ,(fice71 & consequ5tly sugge/s a position = ! ,c>b\n>ia mu* f>!r to ! ea/ ?an ,vefa ,meidan4 ,/ill ! ord] 9 :i* ! ,anonymus m5tions places & monum5ts _c be confid5tly appeal$ to z co9cid5t ) _! relative positions4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ha4 7,= o!r details see ,figs4 #ai1 #ed47 ,to :i* ( ! _m sa9ts nam$ ,!odore 9 ! ,greek ,cal5d> ?is *ur* 0 actually d$icat$ is a po9t op5 to discussion1 b we _c g f> wrong 9 ascrib+ x to "o ( ! two mo/ prom95t sa9ts ( t "n1 or1 z sometimes 0 ! case1 to bo? ( !m1 ,s4 ,!odore ! ,tiro & ,s4 ,!odore ! ,g5]al4 ,! =m] 0 a "y soldi] 9 ! ,roman army :o 0 tortur$ & put to dea? 9 #cjf = n tak+ "p 9 ! p]secution ( ,*ri/ians "u ,maximian4 ,! latt] 0 a g5]al 9 ! army ( ,lic9ius1 & won ! m>tyr's cr[n = refus+ to sacrifice to false gods1 & = break+ _! images 9 pieces4 ,he 0 ! titul> sa9t ( ! great *ur* 9 ,v5ice be=e t hon\r 0 be/[$ ^u ,s4 ,m>k ! ,evangeli/4 ,8 relics 7 c>ri$ to ,v5ice f ,con/ant9ople 9 #abfj1 & 8 figure /ill /&s on "o ( ! columns 9 ! ,piazzetta ( ,s4 ,m>k1 ) ! attribute ( a dragon or a crocodile1 symbolic ( ! false gods he de/roy$4#dbb ,ar*itectural ,features ,! *ur* is a good example ( ! 'f\r column' type1 ) an out] & an inn] n>!x4 ,! =m] is 9 five bays1 & ext5ds to ! nor? & s\?1 by "o bay1 beyond ! inn] n>!x & ! body ( ! *ur*4 ,! t]m9al bays1 x w\ld seem1 l$ to cloi/]s built aga9/ ! ext]ior ( ! nor!rn & s\!rn sides ( ! build+4 ,le ,noir & ,salz5b]g#dbc %[ a cloi/] along ! s\? side ( ! *ur*1 ) f\r columns & an apse at its end4 ,! c5tral bay & ! two t]m9al bays are cov]$ ) domes on high drums1 )\t w9d[s4 ,! dome ( ! c5tral bay has sixte5 lob$ bays1 :ile its companions h ea* eight flat ribs4 ,all traces ( ! mosaics :i* ,salz5b]g saw 9 ! c5tral dome h disappe>$4 ,on ! ext]ior ! ?ree domes are octagonal1 decorat$ ) flat ni*es & angle %afts support+ an ar*$ cornice4 ,! exon>!x des]ves special att5tions on acc\nt ( its faade4 ,x is a f9e composition ( two triple arcades1 sep>at$ by a solid piece ( masonry conta9+ ! door4 ,on ei!r side ( ! door1 & on ! pi]s at ea* end ( ! faade1 are sl5d] flat ni*es1 simil> to ^? :i* occur 9 ,s4 ,m>k's1 ,v5ice4 ,! f9ely c>v$ capitals ( ! columns diff] 9 type1 ! two nor!rn be+ a v>iant ( ! 'melon type1' ! pair to ! s\? be+ ,cor9?ian4 ,!y are probably old capitals re-us$4 ,?r\gh\t ! build+ are traces ( /ones f "s old] build+ recut or adapt$ to ! pres5t *ur*4 ,betwe5 ! columns is a brea/work ( c>v$ m>ble slabs simil> 9 /yle to ^? se5 9 ,s4 ,m>k's & 9 ,s4 ,fosca1 ,torcello4#dbd ,! upp] "p ( ! faade does n correspond to ! composition bel[ x1 b foll[s ! divisions ( ! int]nal vault+4 ,x is 9 five circul>-ar*$ bays1 ea* conta9+ an ar*$ w9d[4 ,! infill+ is ( brick 9 v>i\s patt]ns4 ,! cornice looks ,turki%4 ,:ile ! masonry ( ! l[] portion ( ! arcade is 9 alt]nate c\rses ( "o /one & two bricks1 t ( ! upp] portion has alt]nate c\rses ( "o /one & ?ree bricks4 ,moreov]1 :ile ! design ( ! upp] portion is det]m9$ by ! vault+ ( ! n>!x1 ! l[] portion takes a m indep5d5t l9e4 ,^! diff]5ces may indicate diff]5t p]iods ( con/ruction1 b we f9d a simil> type ( design 9 o!r ,byzant9e build+s1 z1 = example1 9 ! walls ( ! palace ( ! ,porphyrog5itus1 :]e ! diff]5t /ories are di/9ct 9 design1 & d n closely correspond to "o ano!r4 ,! out] n>!x ( ,s4 ,!odore may h be5 built entirely at "o "t1 or its upp] /ory1 vaults1 & domes may h be5 add$ to an already exi/+ l[] /ory4 ,b 9 any case1 not)/&+ all possible adv]se criticism1 ! total effect produc$ by ! faade is pleas+4 ,x pres5ts a notewor?y & successful attempt to relieve ! ord9>y pla9ness & heav9ess ( a ,byzant9e *ur* ext]ior1 & to give t ext]ior "s grace & beauty4 ,! effect is ! m impressive because ! n>!x is rais$ consid]ably above ! level ( ! gr\nd & rea*$ by a flight ( /eps4 ',tak+ x altoge!r1' says ,f]gusson1#dbe 'x is p]haps ! mo/ complete & elegant *ur* ( its class n[ kn[n to exi/ 9 or ne> ! capital1 & _m ( its details are ( great beauty & p]fection4' ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,lxxi4 ,s4 ,,!odore4 ,,! ,,c5tral ,,dome1 ,,f ,,! ,,s\?4 ,illu/ration3 ,s4 ,,!odore4 ,,! ,,we/]n ,,fa,,ade1 ,,f ,,! ,,s\?4 ,to face page #bdf4 ,! eson>!x is 9 ?ree bays cov]$ ) b>rel vaults1 & t]m9ates at bo? ends 9 a %all[ ni*e4 ,! out] ar*es spr+ f squ>e buttresses4 ,f ea* bay a door conducts into ! *ur*1 ! c5tral door be+ set 9 a m>ble frame & flank$ by two ,cor9?ian columns1 :i* support a bold wall arcade4 ,! drum ( ! dome is a polygon ( twelve sides1 & 0 light$ by ! same numb] ( w9d[s4 ,x re/s on f\r columns1 :i* 7 orig9ally squ>e1 b n[ h l>ge *amps at ! angles1 dy+ out at top & bottom4 ,b>rel vaults cov] ! arms ( ! cross1 & dome vaults surm\nt ! *amb]s at its angles4 ,z 9 ! ,pantokrator 7p4 #bce71 ! ea/]n arm is pi]c$ by two w9d[s 9 ! vault+ surface4 ,! c5tral apse is light$ by a triple w9d[1 hav+ oblong %afts1 circul> on _! inn] & out] faces1 & be>+ capitals n[ badly injur$4 ,a ni*e ind5ts ! nor!rn1 ea/]n1 & s\!rn int]ior walls ( ! apsidal *apels4 ,! w9d[s 9 ! nor!rn & s\!rn walls ( ! *ur* h be5 built up almo/ to _! full height1 leav+ only small op5+s = light at ! top4 ,!re c be little d\bt t !y 7 triple w9d[s ) a p>apet ( c>v$ m>ble slabs betwe5 ! %afts4 ,on ! ext]ior ! apse %[s five sides1 & is decorat$ by an arcade ( five ar*es & an upp] ti] ( five ni*es4 ,! lat]al apses d n project beyond ! face ( ! ea/]n wall1 b are slightly m>k$ out by cutt+ back ! sides & =m+ angul> grooves4 ,bayet#dbf assigns ! *ur* to ! n9? or t5? c5tury1 ! age ( ,leo ! ,wise & ,con/ant9e ,porphyrog5itus4 ,f]gusson#dbg is ( ! same op9ion s f> z ! e>li] portions ( ! build+ are conc]n$4 ,b t date is bas$ on ! mi/ak5 view t ! build+ is ! *ur* ( ! ,!otokos erect$ by ,con/ant9e ,lips4 ,diehl#dbh assigns ! *ur* to ! second half ( ! elev5? c5tury4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,lxxii4 ,s4 ,,!odore4 ,,s\? ,,cross ,,arm 7,,ext]ior71 ,,f ,,! ,,s\?-,,ea/4 ,illu/ration3 ,s4 ,,!odore4 ,,! ,,ea/ ,,end1 ,,f ,,! ,,s\?4 ,to face page #bdh4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #hb4--,s4 ,,!odore4 ,,plan ,,z ,,giv5 ,,by ,,texi]4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #hc4--,s4 ,,!odore4 ,,"p ,,( ,,s\? ,,elevation ,,%[+ ,,! ,,side ,,*apel ,,z ,,giv5 ,,by ,,texi]4 ,9 ! libr>y ( ! ,royal ,in/itute ( ,briti% ,ar*itects1 9 ,london1 are f\r volumes ( ,texi]'s sket*es & draw+s ( build+s 9 or ne> ,con/ant9ople4 ,9 t collection is f\nd a complete set ( draw+s ( ?is *ur*1 %[+ a *apel on bo? ! nor? & s\? sides ( ! build+1 & ev5 giv+ measurem5ts on ! s\? side4 ,texi]'s draw+s are un=tunately v inaccurate1 s t little tru/ c be plac$ 9 any ( !m4 ,9 addition to ! plan ( ! *ur* an elevation is giv51 & two sket*es cov]$ ) indications ( elaborate decoration1 b evid5tly q imag9>y4 ,! *apel on ! nor? side is notic$ by no o!r writ]1 & 0 probably add$ by ,texi] = ! sake ( symmetry4 ,t on ! s\? side1 z %[n by him1 diff]s 9 "s respects f ,salz5b]g4 ,! only ?+ c]ta9 is t a side *apel did exi/ "h4 ,?is *ur* pres5ts a good example ( ! great] int]e/ tak5 dur+ ! lat] ,byzant9e p]iod 9 ! ext]nal appe>ance ( a *ur*4 ,to ! ext]ior ( ! walls & ! apses "s decoration is n[ appli$4 ,! dome is rais$ on a polygonal drum1 ) %afts at its angles1 & an ar*$ cornice ov] its w9d[s2 ! ro( ga9s m div]sity ( =m & elevation by ! multiplication ( domes1 by ! protrusion ( ! vaults ( ! cross arms & ( ! apses1 ?us mak+ ! outw>d g>b1 s to speak1 ( ! build+ correspond m closely to ! figure & proportions ( its inn] body4 ,9 all ?is we h n yet rea*$ ! animation & grace ( a ,go?ic ca!dral1 nor ! /atel9ess t cr[ns an imp]ial mosque2 b !re is1 at all ev5ts1 a decid$ advance t[>ds a full] expression ( arti/ic feel+4 7,see ,plates ,,lxxiv41 ,,lxxv47 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,lxxiii4 ,s4 ,,!odore4 ,,capital ,,on ,,! ,,s\!rnmo/ ,,column ,,9 ,,! ,,fa,,ade4 ,illu/ration3 ,s4 ,,!odore4 ,,capital ,,9 ,,! ,,fa,,ade ,,( ,,! ,,n>!x4 ,to face page #bej4 ,illu/ration3 ,,figs4 #hd ,,& #he4 ,illu/ration3 ,,figs4 #hf ,,& #hg4 #djh ,de top4 ,c4,p4 iii4 c4 #f4 #dji ,esq4 top4 p>agraphs #aaj1 #aad1 #abd1 #abe4 #daj ,b&uri1 ii4 p4 #ch4 #daa ,ibid4 i4 p4 #aj4 #dab ,con/4 ,porphyr1 ,de c]4 p4 #fbc4 #dac ,b&uri1 iii4 pp4 #af1 #dh4 #dad ,ibid4 i4 p4 #ag4 #dae ,con/4 ,porphyr1 ,de c]4 p4 #fdj4 #daf ,p4 #adj4 #dag ,it94 russes1 pp4 #aje-f4 #dah ,b&uri1 i4 p4 #af2 ii4 p4 #ch4 #dai ,p4 #cad4 #dbj ,see 8 pap] 9 ! ,mitteilung5 des deuts*5 ,excursions-,club1 ,kon/ant9opel1 ,er/es ,heft1 #ahhh4 #dba ,b&uri1 p4 #af4 #dbb ,see ,! ,mona/]y ( ,/4 ,luke ( ,/iris1 p4 #fa4 #dbc ,alt*ri/li*e ,baud5kml] von ,k4,p4 plates #cd1 #ce4 #dbd ,pulgh]1 ,les ,anci5nes glises de ,c4,p4 p4 #bc4 #dbe ,hi/ory ( ,ar*itecture1 i4 #deh4 #dbf ,l',art byzant91 p4 #abf4 #dbg ,hi/ory ( ,ar*itecture1 vol4 i4 p4 #deh4 #dbh ,manuel d'art byzant91 p4 #dad4 ,,*apt] ,,xvii ,,! ,,mona/]y ,,( ,,manuel1 ,,kefel ,,mesj$i ,! mosque kn[n z ,kefel ,mesj$i1 9 ! qu>t] ( ,salma ,tomruk1 is commonly suppos$ to repres5t ! mona/]y f\nd$ by ,manuel1#dbi a di/+ui%$ g5]al 9 ! w>s ) ! ,s>ac5s dur+ ! reign ( ,!ophilus 7#hbc-hdb74 ,?is op9ion is d\btless bas$ ^u ! circum/ance t ! mona/]y 9 "q /ood 9 ! vic9ity ( ! ci/]n ( ,asp>1#dcj ,greek3 syn5gys t ki/]n t\ ,asp>os 7! l>ge op5 res]voir to ! ea/ ( ! ,gate ( ,adrianople71 ne> :i* ,kefel ,mesj$i is also situat$4 ,b t circum/ance alone _c be reg>d$ z suffici5t gr\nd = ! id5tification ( ! two build+s4 ,!re are at lea/ five o!r mona/]ies m5tion$ 9 ,byzant9e hi/ory1 all di/+ui%$ by ! m>k ( _! proximity to ! ci/]n ( ,asp>4#dca ,& at a %ort di/ance to ! we/ ( ,kefel ,mesj$i1 & ne>] to ! ci/]n ( ,asp>1 we f9d ! rema9s ( an old *ur*1 n[ ,odal> ,mesj$i1 :i* might ) equal =ce claim to repres5t ! mona/]y ( ,manuel4 ,! commonly receiv$ id5tification may1 h[ev]1 be correct z a happy conjecture4 ,mr4 ,sid]ides1#dcb inde$1 consid]s ! id5tification ( ! mona/]y ( ,manuel ) ,kefel ,mesj$i a mi/ake4 ,accord+ to him1 t mona/]y 0 a recon/ruction or enl>gem5t ( ! anci5t mona/]y ( ,,ss4 ,manuel1 ,sabel1 & ,i%mael1 :i* /ood on ! heights above ! ,phan>1 n[ cr[n$ by ! mosque ( ,sultan ,selim4 ,to ! objection t !re x w\ld n be ne> ! ci/]n ( ,asp>1 ,mr4 ,sid]ides replies by d5y+ ! correctness ( ! id5tification ( t ci/]n ) ! op5 res]voir 7,t*\k\r ,bo/an7 to ! ea/ ( ! gate ( ,adrianople1 & 9 ! vic9ity ( ,kefel ,mesj$i4 ,9 ,mr4 ,sid]ides' op9ion ! ci/]n ( ,asp> is ! beautiful cov]$ ci/]n1 g5]ally kn[n z ! ci/]n ( ,pui*]ia1 to ! s\?-we/ ( ! mosque ( ,sultan ,selim4#dcc ,b ! dim5sions ( ! ci/]n ascrib$ to ! fam\s si/] ( ,!odosius ,,ii4 d n accord ) ! size ( ! ci/]n ( ,asp>4 ,! latt] 0 'a v l>ge ci/]n1' ,greek3 tn megi/n k9/]nan1#dcd :ile ! =m] is only m4 #bi4a long by m4 #ah wide1 ) a ro( support$ on f\r r[s ( sev5 columns#dce--n a l>ge ci/]n z works ( t class w5t 9 ,con/ant9ople4 ,b if ! ci/]n ( ,asp> 0 n situat$ 9 ! di/rict n[ m>k$ by ! mosque ( ,sultan ,selim1 nei!r c\ld ! mona/]y ( ,manuel h be5 !re4 ,mr4 ,sid]ides1#dcf moreov]1 id5tifies ! mona/]y ( ,manuel ) t ( ,man\eli\ ,greek3 t\ ,man\li\ :i* appe>s 9 ! ,proce$+s ( ! ,synod held at ,con/ant9ople 9 #ecf "u ,ju/9ian4#dcg ,?is1 h[ev]1 does n agree ) ! /atem5t t ! mona/]y ( ,manuel 0 orig9ally ! private resid5ce ( ! well-kn[n g5]al ( t "n 9 ! n9? c5tury4 ,fur!rmore1 x is always dang]\s to assume t ! same "n c\ld n belong to diff]5t build+s1 especially :5 ! "n occurs at di/ant int]vals 9 ! hi/ory ( ! city4 ,_m mi/akes 9 ! topography ( ,con/ant9ople are due to ?is false me?od ( id5tification4 ,z a matt] ( fact1 ! mona/]y ( ,manuel ne> ! ci/]n ( ,asp> 0 n ! only ,h\se ( t "n 9 ! capital ( ! ,ea/4 ,ano!r mona/]y ( ,manuel /ood beside ! ,gold5 ,horn1 9 ! ,g5oese qu>t]1 betwe5 ! gate ( ! ,neorion 7,bagt* ,kap\ssi7 & ! gate ( ,eug5ius 7,yali ,kiosk ,kap\ssi74 ,x _h a pi]1 kn[n z ! pi] ( ! v5]able mona/]y ( ,manuel1 ,greek3 skala ts sebasmias mons t\ ,man\l4#dch ,paspates is consequ5tly wrong 9 associat+ t pi] ) ,kefel ,mesj$i4#dci ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,lxxiv4 ,s4 ,,!odore4 ,,! ,,out] ,,n>!x1 ,,look+ ,,nor?4 ,illu/ration3 ,s4 ,,!odore4 ,,capital ,,to ,,! ,,nor? ,,( ,,! ,,door ,,lead+ ,,f ,,! ,,out] ,,to ,,! ,,inn] ,,n>!x4 ,to face page #bed4 ,mordtmann#ddj accepts ! id5tification ( ,kefel ,mesj$i ) ! mona/]y ( ,manuel z correct1 b he id5tifies x also ) ! *ur* & mona/]y :i* ,g]la* f\nd 9 ?is neighb\rhood1 & describes "u ! "n ( ,aetius 7,greek3 t\ ,aeti\74#dda ,:5 visit$ by ,g]la* 9 #aegc1 ! *ur* _h be5 conv]t$ into a mosque1 & 0 a beautiful build+ 9 excell5t pres]vation4 ,if all t rema9s ( x is ! b>e /ructure ( ,kefel ,mesj$i1 ! city has to m\rn a great loss4#ddb 7,plate ,,lxxvii47 ,manuel1 ! f\nd] ( ! mona/]y1 0 ! uncle ( ! ,empress ,!odora1 wife ( ! ,emp]or ,!ophilus1 & prov$ a loyal & devot$ s]vant ( ! imp]ial family4 ,twice at ! p]il ( 8 own life he sav$ ! emp]or f capture1 if n f dea?1 dur+ ! w>s ) ! ,s>ac5s4 ,nev]!less1 be+ accus$ ( treason he fl$ to ! c\rt ( ,baghdad & took s]vice "u ! ,caliph ,mutasim1 until assur$ t ,con/ant9ople w\ld welcome him back4 ,he 0 "o ( ! ?ree c\nsellors appo9t$ by ,!ophilus to assi/ ,!odora dur+ ! m9ority ( ,mi*ael ,,iii41 & s highly 0 he e/eem$1 t he 0 acclaim$ emp]or by ! populace 9 ! ,hippodrome1 & might h worn ! cr[n b = 8 fidelity to ! little pr9ce4 ,sil5c+ ! %\ts rais$ 9 8 fav\r1 he exclaim$1 ',y h an emp]or2 my duty & highe/ hon\r is to def5d 8 infancy & to secure = him1 ev5 at ! price ( my blood1 ! h]itage ( 8 fa!r4' ,9 ! iconocla/ic controv]sy ,manuel support$ ! policy ( ,!ophilus1 & !re=e f\nd himself 9 a difficult position :5 ,!odora decid$ to re/ore ! use ( eikons4 ,! /ory is1 t :ile he lay dang]\sly ill at ! "t1 monks ( ! ,/udion assur$ him t recov]y 0 c]ta9 if he v[$ to uphold ! or?odox cause4 ,! v[ 0 tak51 & ^u 8 re/oration to heal? ,manuel fav\r$ ! measures ( ,!odora4 ,probably he felt t ! curr5t ( public feel+ on ! subject 0 too /rong = him to oppose4 ,b ! task ( work+ 9 h>mony ) 8 colleagues 9 ! reg5cy1 ,!octi/us & ,b>das1 0 soon f\nd impossible1 & rum\rs ( a plot to bl9d him & remove him f ! adm9i/ration ( affairs l$ him to retire to 8 h\se ne> ! ci/]n ( ,asp>4 ,= "s "t1 inde$1 he cont9u$ to appe> occasionally at ! palace1 b at la/ he quitt$ = ev] t sc5e ( intrigue1 & conv]t$ 8 resid5ce into a mona/]y1 :]e he might sp5d ! clos+ days ( 8 life 9 peace & f9ally be laid 9 a quiet grave4#ddc ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,lxxv4 ,s4 ,,!odore4 ,,! ,,int]ior1 ,,look+ ,,ea/4 ,illu/ration3 ,s4 ,,!odore4 ,,! ,,int]ior1 ,,look+ ,,ea/ 7,,upp] ,,"p74 ,to face page #bef4 ,! build+ :i* ,manuel bequea!d 0 recon/ruct$ almo/ f ! f\ndations1 a l>ge & beautiful edifice1 by ! celebrat$ ,patri>* ,photius4#ddd ,x und]w5t ext5sive re/oration aga9 at ! comm& ( ! ,emp]or ,romanus ,lecap5us 7#iai-ide71dde 9 tok5 ( 8 fri5d%ip = ,s]gius1 ! abbot ( ! mona/]y1 a nephew ( ,photius1 & ev5tually an occupant ( ! patri>*al ?rone = tw5ty ye>s 7#iii-ajai74 ,9 x ! ,emp]or ,romanus ,argyrus 7#ajbh-ajcd7 conf9$ ,prussianus1 a relative ( ! ,bulg>ian royal family1 on a *>ge ( treason2#ddf & !re ,mi*ael ,,vii41 nicknam$ ,p>ap9akes 7! peck-fil*]71 because he sold :eat at "o-f\r? ( its prop] weight1 & !n at an exorbitant price1 ultimately retir$ aft] 8 deposition4#ddg ,! connection ( s _m prom95t p]sons ) ! mona/]y implies ! importance ( ! ,h\se4 ,ar*itectural ,features ,kefel ,mesj$i is a l>ge oblong hall1 m4 #bb4f long by m4 #g4bb wide1 ) walls con/ruct$ 9 alt]nate c\rses ( f\r bricks & f\r /ones1 & cov]$ ) a l(ty timb] ro(4 ,x t]m9ates to ! nor? 9 an ar* & a semicircul> apse 9 brick4 ,two ni*es1 ) a w9d[ betwe5 !m1 ind5t ! walls ( ! apse1 & !re is a ni*e 9 ea* pi] ( ! ar*4 ,! build+ is ent]$ by a door situat$ 9 ! middle ( ! we/]n wall4 ,orig9ally ! ea/]n & we/]n walls1 :i* =m ! long sides ( ! build+1 7 light$ by two ranges ( r\nd-head$ w9d[s1 some:at irregul>ly spac$4 ,! upp] range is situat$ a little bel[ ! ceil+1 & =ms a sort ( cle>/ory ( t5 lights2 ! l[] range has five w9d[s1 except 9 ! we/]n wall1 :]e ! place ( "o w9d[ is occupi$ by ! entrance4 ,! s\!rn wall is also light$ by two ranges ( w9d[s1 ! l[] w9d[s be+ mu* l>g] ?an ! high]4 ,at "s "t buttresses 7 built aga9/ ! ea/]n wall4 ,"u ! we/ side is a ci/]n1 ! ro( ( :i* re/s on ?ree columns4 ,9 view ( all ^! features x is impossible to believe t ! build+ 0 a *ur*4 ,its ori5tation1 ! abs5ce ( lat]al apses 9 a /ructure ( su* dim5sions1 ! position ( ! entrance1 are all incompatible ) t "*4 ,we h "h1 und\bt$ly1 ! refectory & n ! sanctu>y ( ! mona/ic e/abli%m5t4 ,x resembles ! refectory ( ! ,laura on ,mt4 ,a?os1#ddh & t ( ,daphni ne> ,a!ns4 ,x recalls ! 'long & l(ty build+1' adorn$ ) pictures ( sa9ts1 :i* =m$ ! refectory ( ! ,p]ibleptos at ,psama?ia4#ddi ,!re is a tradition t ! use ( ! build+ 0 grant$ at ! conque/ to ! ,arm5ian colony :i* 0 br\ght f ,kaffa 9 #adge to repeople ! capital1 ,h5ce ! ,turki% "n ( ! build+4#dej ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,lxxvi4 ,,! ,,refectory ,,( ,,! ,,mona/]y ,,( ,,manuel1 ,,f ,,! ,,we/4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,refectory ,,( ,,! ,,mona/]y ,,( ,,manuel1 ,,f ,,! ,,s\?-,,ea/4 ,to face page #beh4 ,,note ,z ,g]la*'s "w is r>e1 ! read] may wi% to see 8 description ( ! *ur* ( ,aetius 9 ! orig9al 7,tagebu*1 pp4 #dee-ef73--,ni*t weit hi]von ! *ur* ( ,s4 ,john 9 ,petra i/ e9e sehr s*ne ,kir*e1 ,greek3 ts ,aeti\1 da vor ,zeit5 e9 sehr gross und weites ,clo/] gewes5 seyn und viel ,hus] d] ,lehr] und ,l]n5d5 9 si* gehabt hab5 solle4 ,jetzt wird ni*ts mehr davon geseh5 als das z]fall5e ,gemu] e9] h]rli*5 ,p=t5 und e9e trock5e ,zit]n51 d>9n5 die ,jud5 die ,seid5 sp9n51 zwirn5 und b]eit5 7s]ica nectunt fila74 ,vor d] ,kir*5 i/ e9 weit] ,h(f1 r+s ab] umb d5selbe h]umb e9 b$eckt] ,gang 7porticus71 wel*] mit s*n5 auff v]gldt5 vi]ecki*t5 gls]n ,taffeln kn/li* gemahlt5 ,figur5 auss dem ,alt5 und ,neu5 ,te/am5t1 und mit grie*is*5 b]s*rifft5 gezi]et i/1 ab] alte ,gesi*t] d]selb5 aussgekratzet s9d4 ,die ,wnde dies] ,umbgnge s9d mit ,m>mel von all]h& ,f>b5 bekleidet4 ,hat au* #c od] #d hohe ,crepid9es od] ,abstze mit d] ,prophet51 ,apo/el und ,*ri/i ,bildnss5 von ,gold4 ,d] ,hauss- od] vielmehr ,bau- h]r od] au* d] ,/ifft] 7,greek3 ho kttr71 und se9 ,weib1 s9d da au* gemahlet 9 e9em ,habit1 fa/ wie man heut zu ,tage gehet1 ab] mit e9] ganz fremd5 ,hauptzi]de 7capellitii g5]e71 class man d>auss abnehm5 kan1 er sey e9] aus d5 vornehm/5 ,kys]li* ,b$i5t5 gewes51 dann diese ,zi]de siehet auss fa/ wie e9 ,h]tzogs ,b>eht von ,seid5 & ,beltzw]ck1 d] ,bund od] das ,umgewund5e 7c9ctura7 von man*]ley ,f>b51 wie heut zu ,tage die ,jud5 und ,arm5i] weiss und blau dur*e9&] trag54 ,se9 ,weib hat e95 ,s*ley] 7peplum7 fa/ wie die ,grie*9n54 ,d] b$ecte ,gang und die ,kir*e s9d e9 ,gebu 7porticus muro etiam templi cont9etur71 und gehet man dur* zwey hohe ,p=t5 h9e91 wel*e #d ,!il 9 si* begreifft1 od] 9 #d ,!il abge!ilet i/4 #a4 d] b$eckte 7,porticus7 ,gang1 dess5 ,wnde mit ,m>mel/e9 biss auff die ,helffte bekleidet s9d4 ,d] ,ob]!il1 da die ,s*wibbg5 7,laque>ia7 anheb51 hat er wie au* die ,s*wibbg5 selb] die ,gemhlde4 ,9 diesem ,gang od] ,halle 7porticu7 /eh5 die ,weib]1 und komm5 ni*t 9 die ,kir*5 h9e91 wie au* 9 &]e ,kir*5 ni*t1 als wann sie zum ,ab5dmahl geh54 #b4 i/ die ,kir*e fr si* s mit ,trckis*5 ,deppi*5 7aoreis7 beleget und hat nur e9 ,?or4 ,i/ e9 hohes ,gewlb 7laque>ia7 und wie au* die b]ige #b ,gewlbe 7laque>ia7 ganz v]gldet und b]mahlet1 und die ,wnde von unt5 an biss an die ,s*wibbg5 mit dem s*n/5 ,m>mel/e9 bekleidet4 ,auss diesem gehet man #c4 dur* e95 ni$]n ,crepid9em 9 dem dritt5 ,!il d] ,kir*51 da d] ,bauh]r od] ,/ifft] mit &]n sehr s*n5 ,bildnss5 mit ,gold gemahlet /eh51 mit e9em etwas ni$]n als d] vorige ,s*wibbg5 7laque>ia74 ,auss diesem gehet man 9 d5 #dt5 gewlbt5 au* gemahlt5 ab] etwas f9/]n und viel kle9e ,f5/] 9 si* halt5d5 ,ort4 ,auss5 an d] ,kir*maur5 /ehet diese ,s*rift4 ,illu/ration3 ,monogram 9 ,greek4 ,vor dem ,vorh(f 7ve/ibulo1 ,greek3 propili7 dies] ,kir*5 ,greek3 ts ',aeti\ zeigte mir ,!odosius d5 ,ort1 da d] letzte ,*ri/li*e ,kys] ,con/ant9us als er bey d] ,trckis*5 ,erob]ung d] ,/adt flieh5 woll51 von ,pf]de ge/rtzet1 und tod gefund5 seyn solle4 ',n f> f "h is a v beautiful *ur* :]e !re is said to h be5 9 times pa/ a v l>ge mona/]y ) _m h\ses = tea*]s & s*ol>s )9 its walls4 ,no?+ ( all t is to be se5 n[ except ! ru9s ( a spl5did gate & a dry ci/]n 9 :i* ! ,jews sp91 ?r[1 & prep>e silk4 ,9 front ( ! *ur* !re is a l>ge c\rt surr\nd$ by a cov]$ passage 7porticus71 :i* is adorn$ ) beautiful figures f ! ,old & ,new ,te/am5ts pa9t$ on gild$ quadrangul> glass cubes ) ,greek inscriptions2 b ! anci5t faces ( ^! 7figures7 are scrat*$ out4 ,! walls ( ?is passage are cov]$ ) m>ble ( diff]5t col\rs4 ,x has also ?ree or f\r high crepid9es#dea or vault$ comp>tm5ts 787 ) ! pictures ( ! prophets1 ( ! apo/les1 & ( ,*ri/ 9 gold4 ,! ma/] ( ! h\se1 or r ! build]1 or p]haps ! f\nd]1 ,greek3 ho kttr1 & 8 wife are also pa9t$ !re 9 a co/ume v mu* ! same z is worn to-day1 b ) a v /range head-ornam5t1 f :i* we may conclude t he 0 "o ( ! mo/ di/+ui%$ ( ! imp]ial /aff1 = ?is ornam5t looks almo/ l a duke's biretta ( silk & fur2 ! belt 7c9ctura7 is ( diff]5t col\rs1 su* z n[adays ! ,jews or ,arm5ians we>1 :ite & blue mix$4 ,8 wife has a veil 7peplum7 almo/ l t :i* ,greek wom5 h4 ,! cov]$ passage & ! *ur* =m "o build+ 7porticus muro etiam templi cont9etur71 ent]$ by two high gates1 & compris+ f\r p>ts1 or divid$ into f\r p>ts4 #a4 ,! cov]$ passage 7porticus71 ! walls ( :i* z f> z half _! height are cov]$ ) m>ble4 ,on ! upp] "p1 :]e ! ar*es beg91 & on ! ar*es !mselves are ! pa9t+s4 ,9 ?is passage or hall /& ! wom51 & d n ent] ! *ur* z !y d n ent] o!r *ur*es1 unless !y g to ! ,"l's supp]4 #b4 ,is ! *ur*1 z su*1 cov]$ ) ,turki% rugs1 & has only "o gate4 ,x has a high dome1 :i*1 l ! rema9+ two domes1 is entirely gild$ & pa9t$1 & ! walls up to ! ar*es are cov]$ ) ! mo/ beautiful m>ble4 ,f ?is "o ent]s #c4 ?r\gh a l[ vault$ comp>tm5t1 ) a some:at l[] ar* ?an ! =esaid ar*es1 ! ?ird "p ( ! *ur*1 :]e ! f\nd] ) o!r v beautiful portraits 7pictures7 is pa9t$ 9 gold4 ,f ?is "o ent]s #d4 a vault$ & also pa9t$1 b r d>k place1 ) _m small w9d[s4 ,on ! outside ( ! walls ( ! *ur* !re is ?is inscription#deb-- ,illu/ration3 ,monogram 9 ,greek4 ,9 front ( ! por*1 ve/ibulo1 ,greek3 propili ( ?is *ur* ,!odosius %[$ me ! place :]e ! la/ ,*ri/ian emp]or ,con/ant9e1 int5d+ to flee at ! ,turki% conque/ ( ! city1 is said to h fall5 f 8 horse & to h be5 f\nd dead4' ,illu/ration3 ,,figs4 #hh ,,& #hi4 #dbi ,sc>latus ,byzantius1 p4 #cfi2 ,patr4 ,con/antius1 p4 #ha2 ,paspates1 p4 #cjd4 #dcj ,leo ,gramm4 pp4 #bah1 #bbb4 #dca ,sid]ides1 9 ,proce$+s ( ! ,greek ,syllogos ( ,c4,p4 vol4 xxviii4 p4 #bfe4 #dcb ,ibid4 p4 #bfc4 #dcc ,proce$+s ( ! ,greek ,syllogos ( ,c4,p41 ut supra1 p4 #beh4 #dcd ,pas*4 ,*ron4 p4 #eic4 #dce ,die byzant9is*5 ,wass]behlt] von ,kon/ant9opel1 von ,dr4 ,=s*eim] und ,dr4 ,/rzyg[ski1 pp4 #fb-fc1 #age-agf4 #dcf ,ut supra4 #dcg ,mansi1 viii4 col4 #iij1 col4 #ajed4 #dch ,miklosi* et ,mll]1 pp4 #bh1 #ej1 #ec1 #ed4 #dci ,p4 #cje4 ,on p4 #afc he places ! pi] 9 its prop] position4 #ddj ,esq4 top4 p4 #gf2 ,ar*aeological ,supplem5t to vol4 xviii4 ( ! ,proce$+s ( ! ,greek ,syllogos ( ,c4,p4 p4 #i4 #dda ,trkis*es ,tagebu*1 pp4 #dee-ef2 cf4 ,crusius1 ,turcograecia p4 #aij4 #ddb ,! "q ?us rais$ pres5ts s]i\s difficulties4 ,t "s build+,a 9 ! neighb\rhood ( ,kefel ,mesj$i 0 kn[n by ! "n ( ,aetius,b is und\bt$4 ,x 0 a ci/]n 7,du ,cange1 i4 p4 #if71 & =m$ "o ( ! l&m>ks by :i* ! *ur* ( ,s4 ,john 9 ,petra1 situat$ 9 ?is qu>t] ( ! city1 0 di/+ui%$ 7,du ,cange1 iv4 p4 #aeb ,greek3 engi/a t\ ,aeti\74 ,b :ile t is ! case1 ,gyllius 7,de top4 ,c4,p4 iv471 :o explor$ ?is "p ( ! city 9 #aeej1 does n m5tion any ,byzant9e *ur* t answ]s at all to ,g]la*'s description ( ! *ur* ( ,aetius1 unless x be ! ,*ora4 ,t ,gyllius %\ld h ov]look$ s beautiful a monum5t ( ,byzant9e days z ! *ur* ( ,aetius1 if diff]5t f ! ,*ora1 is c]ta9ly v /range4 ,b x is n less /range to f9d t ,g]la* does n speak ( ! ,*ora4 ,c ! difficulty ?us pres5t$ be remov$ by ! supposition t ,g]la* ref]s to ! ,*ora "u ! "n ( ,aetius8 ,! position he assigns to ! *ur* ( ,aetius 9 relation to ! *ur* ( ,s4 ,john 9 ,petra & to ! palace ( ,con/ant9e 7,tekf\r ,s]ai7 fav\rs t view1 = he places ! *ur* ( ,aetius betwe5 ,s4 ,john & ! palace1 exactly :]e ! ,*ora w\ld /& 9 t s]ies ( build+s4 ,look+ t[>ds ! nor?-we/ f ! w9d[s ( a h\se a little to ! ea/ ( ! ,pammak>i/os1 ,g]la* says ',ad ,occasum1 ,boream v]sus1 ,prodromi ,greek3 mon e/1 olim ,greek3 petra2 longius inde1 ,aetii ,greek3 mon2 po/ea1 ,palatium ,con/ant9i' 7,turcograecia1 p4 #aij74 ,on ! o!r h&1 ,g]la*'s description ( ! *ur* ( ,aetius diff]s 9 s _m p>ticul>s f :at holds true ( ! ,*ora1 t x is difficult1 if n impossible1 to believe t 9 t description he _h ! latt] *ur* 9 m9d4 ,unless1 !n1 we are prep>$ to admit grave mi/akes 9 ,g]la*'s description1 we mu/ ei!r assume an extraord9>y failure on 8 "p & on ! "p ( ,gyllius to notice a mo/ int]e/+ ,byzant9e monum5t1 directly on ! pa? ( bo? explor]s 9 ?is qu>t] ( ! city1 or regret ! disappe>ance ( an anci5t sanctu>y t rivall$ ! ,*ora 9 spl5d\r4 ,a ,x 0 probably ! ru9$ ci/]n ) tw5ty-f\r columns arrang$ 9 f\r r[s ( sev5 pill>s ea*1 ne> ! mosque ,kassim ,aga1 a %ort di/ance above ,kefel ,mesj$i4 ,g]la* associates x ) ! *ur* ( ,aetius4 ,b ,tagebu*1 pp4 #dee-ef2 cf4 ,crusius1 ,turcograecia1 p4 #aij4 ,9 ! docum5ts associat$ ) ! ,synod ( #ecf 9 ,con/ant9ople ! ci/]n ( ,aetius s]ves to id5tify ! mona/]y ( ,m>a 7,mansi1 viii4 cols4 #iaj1 #icj1 #iij74 ,cf4 ,b&uri1 iii4 p4 #di2 v4 p4 #ajf4 #ddc ,!re is "s unc]ta9ty z to ! id5tity ( ,manuel4 ,"s au?orities di/+ui% ,manuel ! g5]al f ,manuel ! uncle ( ,!odora1 on ! gr\nd t ! =m] is said to h di$ ( w\nds receiv$ 9 battle dur+ ! reign ( ,!ophilus 7see ,leo ,gramm4 p4 #bbb74 ,b x w\ld be /range = diff]5t ,manuels to reside ne> ! ci/]n ( ,asp>1 & to conv]t _! resid5ces into ! mona/]y ( ,manuel 9 t vic9ity4 ,= o!r reasons = ! id5tification see ,bury1 ,ea/]n ,roman ,empire1 ,app5dix viii4 p4 #dgf4 #ddd ,!odore ,balsamon1 vol4 i4 p4 #ajda2 ,canon ,,vii4 ( ! ,synod ( ,con/ant9ople held "u ,photius4 #dde ,!oph4 ,cont4 p4 #dcc1 ,greek3 mon t\ ,man\l\4 #ddf ,c$r5us1 ii4 p4 #dhg4 #ddg ,scylitzes1 9 ,c$r5us1 ii1 p4 #gch4 #ddh ,h4 ,brockhaus1 ,die ,kun/ 9 d5 ,a?os-,kl/]n1 p4 #cd2 ,g4 ,millet1 ,le ,mona/re de ,daphn4 #ddi ,g]la*1 ,tagebu*1 p4 #ccg4 #dej ,paspates1 p4 #cie4 #dea ,9 ,p>k]'s ,gloss>y ( ,ar*itecture1 p4 #ejf1 ! t]m is def9$ 'quae vulg>it] a volta dicitur' 7,matt4 ,p>4 #ajef74 ,du ,cange def9es ! ^w 'cav]na ubi viae conv5iunt4' #deb ,accord+ to ! ,patri>* ,con/antius 7,anci5t & ,mod]n ,con/ant9ople1 p4 #gf71 ! monogram-- ,illu/ration3 ,monogram 9 ,greek4 0 to be se5 9 8 day on ! ext]ior we/]n wall ( ! ,*ora4 ,,*apt] ,,xviii ,,mona/ir ,,mesj$i ,at a %ort di/ance )9 ,top ,kap\ssi 7,gate ( ,s4 ,romanus7 t pi]ces ! l&w>d walls ( ! city1 & a little to ! s\? ( ! /reet lead+ to t entrance1 9 ! qu>t] ( ,ta% ,mektep1 ,mu/apha ,t*a\%1 /&s a lonely ,byzant9e *apel :i* n[ goes by ! "n ,mona/ir ,mesj$i1 ! ,*apel ( ! ,mona/]y4 ,its pres5t designation tells u all t is c]ta9 9 reg>d to ! hi/ory ( ! edifice2 x 0 orig9ally a *apel atta*$ to a ,*ri/ian mona/]y1 & aft] ! ,turki% conque/ became a ,moslem place ( wor%p4 ,paspates#dec is dispos$ to id5tify ! build+ ) ! *apel ( ! ,!otokos erect$ 9 ?is vic9ity1 9 ! ?irte5? or f\rte5? c5tury1 by ,phocas ,m>\les#ded on ! site ( ! anci5t *ur* d$icat$ to ! ?ree m>tyr si/]s ,m5odora1 ,metrodora1 & ,nymphodora4#dee ,! *apel built by ,m>\les 9 fact belong$ to a conv5t1 & ow+ to its comp>atively rec5t date might well be /&+ to ?is day4 ,b ! evid5ce 9 fav\r ( ! propos$ id5tification is slight4 ,9 a city cr[d$ ) sanctu>ies m ?an "o small *apel c\ld be situat$ ne> ! gate ( ,s4 ,romanus4 ,an old font1 turn$ upside d[n & made to s]ve z a well-head by hav+ its bottom knock$ out1 lies on a vacant lot on ! same side ( ! /reet z ,mona/ir ,mesj$i1 b ne>] ! gate ( ,s4 ,romanus1 & seems to m>k ! site ( ano!r sanctu>y4 ,s likewise d ! f\r columns cr[n$ ) anci5t capitals :i* =m ! por* ( ! mosque ,kurkju ,jamissi1 on ! nor? side ( ! /reet4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,lxxvii4 ,,! ,,ci/]n ,,( ,,aetius4 ,) ! k9d p]mission ( ,sir ,b5jam9 ,/one4 ,to face page #bfb4 ,phocas ,m>\les 0 dome/ic ( ! imp]ial table "u ,&ronicus ,,ii4 ,palaeologus 7#abhb-acbh74 ,he appe>s also z ! comm&] ( ! gu>ds on ! city walls t scre5$ ! palace ( ,bla*]nae1 :5 ,&ronicus ,,iii4 ,palaeologus1 accompani$ by ,john ,cantacuz5e1 ! proto/rator ,synad5us1 & an escort ( ?irty soldi]s1 /ood be=e ! gate ( ,gyrolimn to p>ley ) ! eld] emp]or4 ,! dome/ic 0 ! be>] ( ! messages ex*ang$ betwe5 ! imp]ial relatives on t occasion4 ,x 0 a ?ankless task4 ,b :at tr\bl$ ! m9d ( ,m>\les mo/ 0 h[ to avoid giv+ (f5ce to bo? sov]eigns & succe$ 9 s]v+ two ma/]s4 ,to salute ! gr&son z became 8 rank & pret5sions w\ld incur ! gr&fa!r's displeasure2 to treat rudely ! "y pr9ce1 :o _h come on a fri5dly err&1 & address$ ! dome/ic 9 graci\s t]ms1 0 an impropriety :i* ! reputation ( ,m>\les z a p>agon ( polit5ess w\ld n all[ him to commit4 ,fur!rmore1 =tune be+ fickle1 he felt b\nd z a prud5t man to consult h] caprices4 ,accord+ly1 all[+ less discreet (ficials beside him to insult ! y\ng] emp]or z mu* z !y pleas$1 he himself refra9$ bo? f all taunts & f all c\rte\s spee*4 ,9 response to ! greet+s ( ,&ronicus ,,iii4 he said no?+1 b at ! same "t made a respectful b[1 ?us ma9ta9+ 8 good mann]s & yet gu>d+ 8 int]e/s :atev] turn ! dispute betwe5 ! two emp]ors might take4 ,john ,cantacuz5e1 a k9dr$ _s1 extols ! behavi\r ( ,m>\les 9 ?is dilemma z beyond all praise4#def ,aft] ! dea? ( ,m>\les 8 wid[ & son attempt$ to turn ! conv5t into a mona/]y4 ,b ! patri>*al c\rt1 be=e :i* ! case came 9 #acda1 decid$ 9 fav\r ( ! claims ( ! nuns1 on ! pr9ciple t ! int5tion ( ! f\nd] %\ld 9 su* matt]s be always respect$4 ,h5ce conv5ts 7 n all[$ to be *ang$ into mona/]ies1 nor mona/]ies into conv5ts4#deg ,ar*itectural ,features 7,= ,plan see p4 #bfa47 ,! build+ is a small oblong hall ro($ 9 wood1 & t]m9ates at its ea/]n end 9 ?ree semicircul> apses4 ,x is divid$ into two unequal comp>tm5ts by a triple arcade plac$ ne> ! we/]n end4 ,! side apses are %all[ recesses1 sc>cely sep>at$ f ! c5tral apse1 & %[ ?ree sides on ! ext]ior4 ,! c5tral apse projects six sides1 & is n[ light$ by a l>ge ,turki% w9d[4 ,! we/]n comp>tm5t1 =m+ ! n>!x1 is 9 ?ree bays cov]$ ) cross-gro9$ vaults4 ,! cu%ion capitals on ! columns ( ! arcade are decorat$1 on ! ea/ & we/1 ) a rudely cut leaf2 & on ! nor? & s\? ) a cross 9 a circle4 ,along ! ext]ior ( ! s\? wall are traces ( a /r+-c\rse1 ( a cloi/]1 & ( a door lead+ to ! we/]n comp>tm5t4 ,on ! same wall ,paspates#deh saw1 z late z #ahgg1 eikons pa9t$ 9 fresco4 ,! we/]n entrance /&s betwe5 two pila/]s1 & ne> x is an upright %aft1 buri$ = ! mo/ "p 9 ! gr\nd1 probably ! ve/ige ( a n>!x4 ,9 ! draw+ ( ! *ur* giv5 by ,paspates1#dei ?ree additional %afts are %[n beside ! build+4 #dec ,p4 #cgf4 #ded ,miklosi* et ,mll]1 i4 #bba4 #dee ,= lives ( ^! sa9ts1 see ,synax41 ,septemb] #aj2 ,symeon ,metaphra/es1 ii4 p4 #fec4 #def ,cantacuz5e1 i4 p4 #bee2 ,niceph4 ,greg4 ix4 pp4 #djg1 #dji4 #deg ,miklosi* et ,mll]1 i4 p4 #bba4 #deh ,p4 #cgf4 #dei ,ut supra4 ,,*apt] ,,xix ,,balaban ,,aga ,,mesj$i ,a small ,byzant9e build+1 n[ us$ = ,moslem wor%ip "u ! "n ( ,balaban ,aga ,mesj$i1 is situat$ 9 ! qu>t] ( ,%ahzad1 (f ! s\? side ( ! /reet lead+ to ! mosque ( ,sultan ,mehem$ & ! gate ,edirne ,kap\ssi4 ,mordtmann#dfj proposes to id5tify x ) ! *ur* ( ! ,!otokos 9 ! di/rict ( ! ,curator 7,greek3 t\ ,k\ratoros71 ! f\ndation ( :i* is ascrib$ to ,v]9a1 ! consort ( ,leo ,macellus 7#deg-dgd74dfa ,! only reason = ?is conjecture is t ! *ur* 9 "q /ood :]e ,balaban ,aga ,mesj$i /&s1 9 ! neighb\rhood ( ! =um ( ,taurus1#dfb n[ repres5t$ by ! op5 area beside ! ,w> ,(fice & ! mosque ( ,sultan ,bajazet4 ,b ! plan ( ! build+ does n correspond to ! description giv5 ( ! ,!otokos 9 ! di/rict ( ! ,curator4 ,! latt] resembl$ ! ,holy ,sepul*re at ,j]usalem1#dfc & 0 !re=e circul>1 :]eas ,balaban ,aga ,mesj$i is a hexagon4 ,inde$1 x may be que/ion$ :e!r ! build+ 0 ev] a *ur*1 see+ x has no room = ei!r a b]m1 or an apse1 or an eikono/osis4 ,x may h be5 ! libr>y ( a mona/ic e/abli%m5t4 ,ar*itectural ,features 7,= ,plans see p4 #bfg47 ,int]nally ! build+ is an accurate hexagon1 ) a deeply ar*$ recess 9 ea* side4 ,five recesses h a w9d[1 :ile 9 ! six? recess1 in/ead ( a w9d[1 !re is a door4 ,! cornice & wood5 ceil+ are ,turki%4 ,ext]nally ! edifice %[s f\r sides1 two circul> & two flat project+ bays1 arrang$ 9 alt]nate ord]4 ,9 ea* ( ! circul> sides are two w9d[s1 :ile ! fif? w9d[ & ! entrance are respectively 9 ! flat sides4 ,a ,turki% n>!x fronts "o-half ( ! build+4 7,plate ,,lv47 ,illu/ration3 ,,figs4 #ij1 #ia1 ,,& #ib4 #dfj ,esq4 top4 p4 #gj4 #dfa ,b&uri1 i4 p4 #ah4 #dfb ,synax41 ,july #bbnd1 ,decemb] #g?4 #dfc ,b&uri1 ut supra4 ,,*apt] ,,xx ,,! ,,*ur* ,,( ,,! ,,ga/ria1 ,,sanjakd> ,,mesj$i ,?is mosque is situat$ 9 ! qu>t] ( ,psama?ia1 at a %ort di/ance to ! nor? ( ! ,arm5ian *ur* ( ,s4 ,george 7,s\l\ ,mona/ir71 :i* /&s on ! site ( ! ,byzant9e *ur* ( ,s4 ,m>y ,p]ibleptos4 ,paspates1#dfd :o fir/ recogniz$ ! ,byzant9e "* ( ! edifice1 reg>ds x z ! *apel atta*$ to ! conv5t ( ! ,ga/ria 7,greek3 ,mon tn ,ga/rin1 ta ,ga/ria1 i4e4 9 ! di/rict ( ! ,fl[]-pots74 ,8 reasons = t op9ion are3 fir/1 ! build+ is situat$ 9 ! di/rict ( ,psama?ia1 :]e ! conv5t ( ! ,ga/ria /ood2 secondly1 x is 9 ! neighb\rhood ( ! ,/udion1 ) :i* ! conv5t ( ! ,ga/ria 0 closely associat$ dur+ ! iconocla/ic controv]sy2 ?irdly1 ! copi\s & p]5nial /ream ( wat] t fl[s ?r\gh ! gr\nds bel[ ! mosque w\ld fav\r ! exi/5ce ( a fl[]-g>d5 9 ?is "p ( ! city1 & ?us give occasion = ! be/[al ( ! "n ,ga/ria ^u ! locality4 ,! argum5t is by no means conclusive4 ,a m fanciful explanation ( ! "n ( ! di/rict is giv5 by ,byzant9e etymologi/s aft] _! wont4 ,accord+ to !m ! "n 0 due to ! circum/ance t ! ,empress ,hel5a1 ^u h] return f ,j]usalem ) h] great discov]y ( ! ,holy ,cross1 disemb>k$ at ,psama?ia1 & hav+ f\nd$ a conv5t !re1 adorn$ its g>d5 ) ! pots 7,greek3 ta ga/ria7 ( fragrant %rubs :i* accompani$ ! sacr$ tree on ! voyage f ,pale/9e4#dfe ,m sob] hi/orians ascribe ! f\ndation ( ! conv5t to ,euphrosyne1 ! /ep-"m ( ! ,emp]or ,!ophilus1#dff or to 8 "m-9-law ,!octi/a4#dfg ,bo? ladies1 x is c]ta91 7 int]e/$ 9 ! ,h\se1 ! =m] tak+ ! veil !re1#dfh :ile ! latt] resid$ 9 ! imm$iate neighb\rhood4#dfi ,probably ! conv5t 0 indebt$ to bo? ^? pi\s wom5 = b5efactions1 & x 0 unque/ionably 9 _! day t ! mona/]y acquir$ its greate/ fame z ! c5tre ( female influ5ce 9 support ( ! cause ( eikons4 ,!octi/a 0 especially active 9 t cause1 & ?r\gh h] connection ) ! c\rt n only /r5g!n$ ! opposition to ! policy ( h] son-9-law1 b also di/urb$ ! dome/ic peace ( ! imp]ial family4 ,:5ev] ! daught]s ( ,!ophilus visit$ h] %e took ! opportunity to condemn _! fa!r's views1 & w\ld press h] eikons on ! girls' lips = adoration4 ,"o day1 aft] su* a visit1 ,pul*]ia1 ! y\nge/ pr9cess1 a m]e *ild1 9 giv+ an acc\nt ( :at _h transpir$1 innoc5tly told h] fa!r t %e _h se5 & kiss$ "s v beautiful dolls at h] gr&mo!r's h\se4 ,:]eupon ,!ophilus1 suspect+ ! real facts1 =bade 8 daught] to visit ,!octi/a aga94 ,on ano!r occasion ! c\rt fool1 ,d5d]is1 surpris$ ! ,empress ,!odora 9 h] private *amb] kiss+ eikons & plac+ !m ov] h] eyes4 ',:at are ^! ?+s8' he inquir$4 ',my beautiful dolls :i* ,i love1' %e repli$4 ,n long aft]w>ds ! je/] 0 summon$ to amuse ,!ophilus :ile sitt+ at table4 ',:at is ! late/ news8' ask$ ! emp]or4 ',:5 ,i la/ visit$ mamma 7! je/]'s famili> "n = ! empress7 ,i saw mo/ beautiful dolls 9 h] room4' ,in/antly ! emp]or rose1 beside himself ) rage1 & ru%+ to 8 wife's ap>tm5ts viol5tly d5\nc$ h] z a hea!n & idolat]4 ',n at all1' answ]$ ,!odora1 9 h] s(te/ acc5ts1 't fool ( y\rs saw me & my maid5s look+ into a mirror & mi/ook ! faces reflect$ !re = dolls4' ,! emp]or did n press ! case1 b a few days lat] ! s]vants ( ,!odora caught ,d5d]is & gave him a s\nd ?ra%+ = tell+ tales1 dismiss+ him ) ! advice to let dolls alone 9 ! future4 ,9 consequ5ce ( ?is exp]i5ce1 :5ev] ! je/] 0 aft]w>ds ask$ :e!r he _h se5 8 'mamma's' dolls rec5tly1 he put "o h& to 8 m\? & ! o!r f> d[n 8 back & :isp]$1 ',don't speak to me ab\t dolls4'#dgj ,su* 7 ! pleasantries t reliev$ ! /]n w>f>e aga9/ eikons4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,lxxviii4 ,,ga/ria 7,,sanjak>1 ,,mesj$i74 ,,ea/ ,,end4 ,illu/ration3 ,,ga/ria 7,,sanjak>1 ,,mesj$i74 ,,! ,,entrance4 ,to face page #bfh4 ,on ! occasion ( ! brea* betwe5 ,!odora & h] son ,mi*ael ,,iii41 on acc\nt ( ! murd] ( h] fri5d & c\nsellor ,!octi/os at ,mi*ael's ord]1 %e & h] f\r daught]s1 ,!kla1 ,ana/asia1 ,anna1 & ,pul*]ia1 7 conf9$ 9 ! ,ga/ria1 & !re1 ) ! exception ( ,anna1 !y 7 ev5tually buri$4#dga ,at ! ,ga/ria 7 %[n also ! tombs ( ,!octi/a1 h] son ,petronas1 ,ir5e ! daught] ( ,b>das1 & a small *e/ conta9+ ! l[] jaw ( ,b>das#dgb himself4 ,x is ?is connection ) ! family ( ,!ophilus1 9 life & 9 dea?1 t l5ds *ief int]e/ to ! ,ga/ria4 ,ar*itectural ,features 7,= ,plan see p4 #bfg47 ,al?\gh ! build+ is n[ almo/ a complete ru91 x /ill pres]ves "s ar*itectural int]e/4 ,on ! ext]ior x is an octagonal /ructure1 ) a l>ge ar* on ea* side ris+ to ! cornice1 & ?us pres5ts a /rong lik5ess to ! ,byzant9e build+ kn[n z ,%eik ,suleiman ,mesj$i1 ne> ! ,pantokrator 7p4 #be74 ,! nor!rn1 s\!rn1 & we/]n ar*es are pi]c$ by w9d[s4 ,! entrance is 9 ! we/]n ar*4 ,! int]ior pres5ts ! =m ( an equal-arm$ cross1 ! arms be+ deep recesses cov]$ ) semicircul> vaults4 ,! dome ov] ! c5tral area has fall5 94 ,! apse1 semicircul> )9 & %[+ five sides on ! ext]ior1 is atta*$ to ! ea/]n arm4 ,its ?ree c5tral sides are occupi$ by a triple-%aft$ w9d[4 ,two %all[ ni*es repres5t ! usual apsidal *amb]s4 ,a simil> ni*e is f\nd also on bo? sides ( ! entrance & on ! ea/]n side ( ! nor!rn arm ( ! cross4 ,9 ! wall to ! we/ ( ! s\!rn ar* is a small *amb]4 ,! jo9t betwe5 ! apse & ! body ( ! build+ is /raight1 ) no bond 9 ! masonry2 nor is ! masonry ( ! two p>ts ( ! same "*4 ,9 ! =m] x is 9 alt]nate c\rses ( brick & /one1 :ile 9 ! latt] we f9d _m brick c\rses & only an occasional /one b&4 ,evid5tly ! apse is a lat] addition4 ,9 view ( ^! facts1 ! probable conclusion is t ! build+ 0 orig9ally n a *ur* b a libr>y1 & t x 0 trans=m$ into a *ur* at "s subsequ5t p]iod 9 its hi/ory to meet "s special dem&4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,lxxix4 ,,ga/ria 7,,sanjak>74 ,,f ,,! ,,we/4 ,illu/ration3 ,,ga/ria 7,,sanjak>74 ,,! ,,int]ior4 ,to face page #bgj4 #dfd ,p4 #cjd4 #dfe ,b&uri1 iii4 p4 #ed4 #dff ,leo ,gram4 p4 #bad4 #dfg ,zon>as1 iii4 p4 #ceh4 #dfh ,!oph4 ,cont4 pp4 #fbe1 #fbh1 #gij4 #dfi ,ibid4 p4 #ij4 #dgj ,!oph4 ,cont4 pp4 #ia-ib4 #dga ,ibid4 pp4 #agd1 #feh1 #hbc2 ,cod9us1 p4 #bjh4 ,! ,anonymus 7,b&uri1 iii4 p4 #eb7 & ,cod9us 7,de a$4 p4 #ig7 say t ,!odora & h] daught]s 7 conf9$ 9 ! conv5t ( ,euphrosyne at ! ,libadia1 ,greek3 ta ,libadia4 ,_! mi/ake is due to ! fact t ! conv5t at ,ga/ria & ! conv5t at ,libadia 7 bo? connect$ ) ladies nam$ ,euphrosyne4 ,cf4 ,cod9us1 p4 #bjg4 #dgb ,con/ant4 ,porphyr4 p4 #fdg4 ,,*apt] ,,xxi ,,! ,,*ur* ,,( ,s4 ,,m>y ,,( ,,! ,,mongols ,! *ur* ( ,s4 ,m>y ( ! ,mongols 7,greek3 tn ,mongolin1 tn ,m\g\lin1 t\ ,m\*li\1 ,m\*litissa71 :i* /&s on ! heights above ! qu>t] ( ,phan>1 a %ort di/ance to ! we/ ( ! ,greek ,communal ,s*ool1 0 f\nd$ 9 ! ?irte5? c5tury by ,m>ia ,palaeolog9a1 a natural daught] ( ! ,emp]or ,mi*ael ,palaeologus 7#abfa-abhb74 ,z ! *ur* has be5 9 ,greek h&s ev] s9ce its f\ndation its id5tity _c be disput$4 ,! epi!t giv5 to ! ,!otokos 9 association ) ?is sanctu>y alludes to ! fact t ,m>ia ,palaeolog9a m>ri$ a ,khan ( ! ,mongols1#dgc & bore ! title ( ,despo9a ( ! ,mongols 7,greek3 ,despo9a tn ,m\g\lin74#dgd ,! m>riage 0 prompt$ by no romantic s5tim5t1 b =m$ "p ( ! policy by :i* h] fa!r hop$ to secure ! goodwill ( ! _w = ! newly re/or$ ,empire ( ,con/ant9ople4 ,:ile endeav\r+ to dis>m ! ho/ility ( ,we/]n ,europe by promot+ ! union ( ! ,lat9 & ,greek ,*ur*es1 he s\ght to conciliate ! p ne>] 8 dom9ion by matrimonial alliances ) _! rul]s4 ,x 0 9 ?is way t he c\rt$1 ) great] or less success1 ! fri5d%ip ( ,s]via1 ,bulg>ia1 ! ,du*y ( ,!bes1 & ! ,empire ( ,trebizond4 ,& by ! same me?od he tri$ to w9 ! fri5d%ip ( ! =midable ,mongols settl$ 9 ,russia & ,p]sia4 ,accord+ly he be/[$ ! h& ( "o natural daught]1 ,euphrosyne1 ^u ,nogaya1#dge :o _h e/abli%$ a ,mongolian pr9cipality ne> ! ,black ,sea1 :ile ! h& ( ,m>ia 0 int5d$ = ,holagu1 fam\s 9 hi/ory z ! de/roy] 9 #abeh ( ! caliphate ( ,baghdad4 ,m>ia left ,con/ant9ople = h] future home 9 #abfe ) a great ret9ue1 conduct$ by ,!odosius de ,villeh>d\91 abbot ( ! mona/]y ( ! ,pantokrator1 :o 0 /yl$ ! ',pr9ce1' because relat$ to ! pr9ces ( ,a*aia & ! ,peloponnesus4 ,a ri* tr\sseau accompani$ ! bride-elect1 & a t5t ( silk = a *apel1 furni%$ ) eikons ( gold affix$ to crosses1 & ) co/ly vessels = ! celebration ( ! ,holy ,sacrifice4 ,:5 ! mission rea*$ ,caes>ea news came t ,holagu 0 dead1 b s9ce reasons ( /ate inspir$ ! propos$ m>riage1 ! bridal p>ty cont9u$ its j\rney to ! ,mongolian c\rt1 & !re 9 due "t ,m>ia 0 w$d$ to ,abaga1 ! son & successor ( ,holagu1 aft] ! bridegroom _h receiv$1 x is said1 ,*ri/ian baptism4#dgf ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ic4--,s4 ,,m>y ,,( ,,! ,,mongols4 ,,ext]ior4 7,f a ,photograph47 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #id4--,s4 ,,m>y ,,( ,,! ,,mongols4 ,,int]ior4 ,9 #abha ,abaga 0 poison$ by 8 bro!r ,a*m$1#dgg & ,m>ia deem$ x prud5t1 & d\btless welcome1 aft] an abs5ce ( sixte5 ye>s1 to return to ,con/ant9ople4 ,%e appe>s aga9 9 hi/ory dur+ ! reign ( h] bro!r ,&ronicus ,,ii4 ,palaeologus1 :5 = ! second "t %e 0 (f]$ z a bride to ! ,mongolian pr9ce1 ,*>b&a1 :o !n rul$ 9 ,p]sia1#dgh ! object ( ?is new matrimonial alliance be+ to obta9 ! aid ( ! ,mongols aga9/ ! ,turks1 :o "u ,o?man _h become a dang]\s foe & 7 ?reat5+ ,nicaea4 ,) ?is purpose 9 view ,m>ia proce$$ to t city1 bo? to enc\rage ! def5ce ( an important /rategic position & to press =w>d ! negotiations ) ,*>b&a4 ,! ,despo9a ( ! ,mongols1 h[ev]1 did n compreh5d ! "* ( ! enemy ) :om %e _h to deal4 ,h] contemptu\s demean\r t[>ds ,o?man1 & h] ?reats to br+ ! ,mongols aga9/ him1 only r\s$ ! _s ( ! ,turki% *iefta91 & be=e ! ,greeks c\ld d]ive any advantage f ! #cj1jjj ,mongolian troops s5t to _! aid1 ,o?man /orm$ ! =tress ( ,tricocca1 an outpo/ ( ,nicaea1 & made x ! base ( 8 subsequ5t op]ations4#dgi ,! *ur* 0 built = ! use ( a conv5t :i* ! ,despo9a ( ! ,mongols1 l _m o!r ladies 9 ,byzant9e times1 erect$ z a hav5 ( refuge = s\ls :o _h d$icat$ _! lives to ! s]vice ( ,god 7,greek3 lim5a psy*n kata !on pro/hem5n bi\n74 ,%e also end[$ x ) prop]ty 9 ! imm$iate neighb\rhood 7,greek3 p]i tn topo!sian t\ ,phan>i71 z well z ) o!r l&s bo? )9 & beyond ! city1 & :ile ,m>ia liv$ ! nuns _h no reason = compla9t4 ,b aft] h] dea? ! prop]ty ( ! ,h\se pass$ into ! h&s ( ,isaac ,palaeologus ,asanes1 ! husb& ( a c]ta9 ,!odora1 :om ,m>ia _h treat$ z a daught]1 & to :om %e bequea!d a %>e 9 ! conv5t's rev5ues4 ,he1 z soon z ,!odora di$1 appropriat$ ! prop]ty = ! b5efit ( 8 family1 ) ! result t ! si/]hood fell into debt & 0 ?reat5$ ) ext9ction4 ,9 _! di/ress ! nuns appeal$ to ,&ronicus ,,iii4 ,palaeologus = protection1 & by ! decision ( ! patri>*al c\rt1 to :i* ! case 0 ref]r$ z ! prop] tribunal 9 su* disputes1 ! conv5t 9 #acea rega9$ its rights4#dhj ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ie4--,s4 ,,m>y ,,( ,,! ,,mongols4 ,,! ,,dome4 ,z already intimat$1 to ?is *ur* belongs ! int]e/ ( hav+ always pres]v$ its orig9al "* z a sanctu>y ( ! ,greek ,or?odox ,communion4 ,?is di/9ction x owes to ! fact t ! *ur* 0 giv5 to ,*ri/ob\los1 ! ,greek ar*itect ( ! mosque ( ,sultan ,mehem$1 z 8 private prop]ty1 to m>k ! conqu]or's satisfaction ) ! build]'s "w4 ,! grant 0 confirm$ by ,bajazet ,,ii4 9 recognition ( ! s]vices ( ! nephew ( ,*ri/ob\los 9 ! con/ruction ( ! mosque :i* be>s t ,sultan's "n4 ,twice1 inde$1 attempts 7 subsequ5tly made to deprive ! ,greek community ( ! *ur*1 once "u ,selim ,i4 & aga9 "u ,a*m$ ,,iii4 ,b1 l ! law ( ! ,m$es & ,p]sians1 a ,sultan's decree alt]e? n1 & by pres5t+ ! hatti %]iff ( ,sultan ,mehem$ ! ef=ts to expropriate ! build+ 7 fru/rat$4#dha ,among ! ,turks ! build+ is kn[n z ,kan ,kilisse1 ! *ur* ( ,blood1 & ! adjo9+ /reet goes by ! "n ,sanjakd> ,y\k\s\1 ! asc5t ( ! /&>d-be>]1#dhb t]ms :i* ref] to ! desp]ate /ruggle betwe5 ,greeks & ,turks at ?is po9t on ! morn+ ( ! capture ( ! city4#dhc ,ar*itectural ,features ,al?\gh ! build+ has always be5 9 ,*ri/ian h&s x has suff]$ alt]ations almo/ m dra/ic ?an any und]gone by *ur*es conv]t$ into mosques4 ,! int]ior has be5 /ripp$ ( its orig9al decoration1 & is s block$ by eikons1 *&eli]s1 & o!r ornam5ts z to r5d] a prop] exam9ation ( ! *ur* extremely difficult4 ,9 plan ! *ur* is a dom$ quatrefoil build+1 ! only example ( t type f\nd 9 ,con/ant9ople4 ,! c5tral dome re/s on a cross =m$ by f\r semi-domes1 :i* are fur!r enl>g$ bel[ ! vault+ level by ?ree l>ge semicircul> ni*es4 ,x is plac$ on a drum ( eight concave comp>tm5ts pi]c$ by w9d[s to ! outside circul> & cr[n$ ) a flat cornice4 ,ext]nally ! semi-domes & apse are five-sid$4 ,f ! int]ior face ( ! apse & on its nor!rn wall projects a capital1 adorn$ ) acan?us leaves1 :i*1 z x c\ld nev] h /ood free 9 ?is position1 probably =m$ "p ( an eikono/asis 9 /one4 ,! n>!x is 9 ?ree bays1 ! c5tral bay be+ cov]$ by a b>rel vault1 :ile ! lat]al bays h l[ drumless domes on p5d5tives4 ,! entrance is by a door 9 ! c5tral bay1 & f t bay ! *ur* is ent]$ ?r\gh a passage cut 9 ! c5tral ni*e ( ! we/]n semi-dome1 & slightly wid] ?an ! ni*e4 ,! end bays op51 respectively1 into ! nor!rn & s\!rn semi-domes by passages or aisles t]m9at+ 9 a diagonal ar*4 ,! ar*es betwe5 ^! aisles & ! we/]n semi-dome are pi]c$1 & ?us isolate ! we/]n dome pi]s4 ,on ! s\? ! *ur* has be5 greatly alt]$2 = ! entire s\!rn semi-dome & ! s\!rn bay ( ! n>!x h be5 remov$ & replac$ by ?ree aisles ( two bays ea*4 ,^! bays are equal 9 height1 & are cov]$ by cross-gro9$ vaults ) /rong transv]se po9t$ ar*es support$ on squ>e pi]s1 ! :ole =m+ a l>ge hall held up by two pi]s1 & %[+ ! di/9ct influ5ce ( ,italian ,go?ic "w4 ,?is "p ( ! build+ is mod]n4 ,on ! ea/]n wall is a l>ge picture ( ! ,la/ ,judgm5t4 ,! plan ( ?is *ur* may be comp>$ ) t ( ,s4 ,ni*olas ,me?ana 7,fig4 #ig74 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #if4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ig4 ,s4 ,,ni*olas ,,me?ana 7,lampakes74 #dgc ,pa*ym4 i4 pp4 #agd-ge4 #dgd ,ibid4 ii4 pp4 #fbj-cg4 #dge ,ibid4 i4 p4 #bca #dgf ,pa*ym4 ii4 pp4 #agd-ge4 #dgg ,muralt1 ,essai de *ronographie byzant9e1 vol4 ii4 ad annum4 #dgh ,pa*ym4 ii4 pp4 #fbj-ba4 #dgi ,ibid4 pp4 #fcg-ch4 #dhj ,miklosi* et ,mll]1 i4 pp4 #cab1 #cag4 #dha ,patr4 ,con/antius1 pp4 #hd-hf4 ,! ,greek community reta9s also o!r *ur*es f\nd$ be=e ! ,turki% conque/1 b !y are :olly mod]n build+s4 #dhb ,ibid4 pp4 #he-hf4 #dhc ,n4 ,b>b>o1 p4 #hah4 ,,*apt] ,,xxii ,,bogdan ,,s]ai ,9 a vacant lot ( gr\nd on ! ea/]n declivity ( ! hill above ! qu>t] ( ,balat1 & at a %ort di/ance to ! ea/ ( a mass ( rock kn[n z ,kesm ,kaya1 /&s a ,byzant9e *apel to :i* ! "n ,bogdan ,s]ai cl+s4 ,al?\gh n[ degrad$ to ! uses ( a c[-h\se x reta9s consid]able int]e/4 ,its "n recalls ! fact t ! build+ once =m$ ! private *apel atta*$ to ! resid5ce ( ! envoys ( ! hospod>s ( ,moldavia 79 ,turki% ,bogdan7 at ! ,sublime ,porte2 j z ! /yle ,vla* ,s]ai giv5 to ! *ur* ( ! ,virg91 l[] d[n ! hill & ne>] ! ,gold5 ,horn1 is d]iv$ f ! resid5ce ( ! envoys ( ! ,walla*ian hospod>s ) :i* t *ur* 0 connect$4 ,accord+ to ,hypselantes1#dhd ! ,moldavian resid5ce 0 erect$ e>ly 9 ! sixte5? c5tury by ,teutal ,longophetes1 ! envoy :o pres5t$ ! submission ( 8 c\ntry to ,suleiman ! ,magnific5t at ,buda 9 #aeaf1 :5 ! ,sultan 0 on 8 way to ! siege ( ,vi5na4 ,^u ! return ( ,suleiman to ,con/ant9ople ! hospod> ( ! pr9cipality came 9 p]son to ! capital to pay tribute1 & to be inve/$ 9 8 (fice ) ! insignia ( two horse-tails1 a fur coat1 & ! head-dress ( a comm&] 9 ! corps ( janiss>ies4 ,g]la*#dhe gives ano!r acc\nt ( ! matt]4 ,accord+ to 8 in=mants1 ! mansion belong$ orig9ally to a c]ta9 ,ra\l1 :o _h emigrat$ to ,russia 9 #aeah1 & aft] 8 dea? 0 pur*as$ by ,mi*ael ,cantacuz5e z a home = ! ,moldavian envoys4 ,x mu/ h be5 an attractive h\se1 surr\nd$ by l>ge gr\nds1 & enjoy+ a sup]b view ( ! city & ! ,gold5 ,horn4 ,x 0 burnt#dhf 9 ! fire :i* deva/at$ ! di/rict on ! #be? ,june #aghd1 & s9ce t cata/rophe its gr\nds h be5 conv]t$ into m>ket g>d5s or left wa/e1 & its *apel has be5 a desecrat$ pile4 ,b its pr\d "n /ill haunts ! site1 call+ to m9d political relations :i* h long ceas$ to exi/4 ,! *apel /ood at ! nor?-we/]n end ( ! resid5ce & =m$ an integral "p ( ! /ructure4 ,= high up 9 ! ext]ior side ( ! s\?-ea/]n wall are ! mortises :i* held ! beams support+ ! floor ( ! upp] /ory ( ! resid5ce2 :ile l[] d[n 9 ! same wall is a doorway :i* communicat$ ) ! resid5ce on t level4 ,"s ( ! sub/ructures ( ! resid5ce are /ill visible4 ,x is n impossible t ! h\se1 or at lea/ "s portion ( x1 0 an old ,byzant9e mansion4 ,mordtmann1#dhg inde$1 sugge/s t x 0 ! palace to :i* ,phrantzes ref]s "u ! "n ,trullus 7,greek3 en t ,tr\l74#dhh ,b t palace /ood to ! nor? ( ! *ur* ( ! ,pammak>i/os 7,fetiyeh ,jamissi71 & _h disappe>$ :5 ,phrantzes wrote4 ,g]la*1#dhi moreov]1 foll[+ ! op9ion ( 8 ,greek fri5ds1 di/+ui%es betwe5 ! ,trullus & ! ,moldavian resid5ce1 & places ! site ( ! =m] ne> ! ,byzant9e *apel n[ conv]t$ into ,a*m$ ,pa%a ,mesj$i1 to ! s\? ( ! *ur* ( ! ,pammak>i/os4#dij ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,lxxx4 ,,bogdan ,,s]ai4 ,,apse ,,( ,,! ,,upp] ,,*apel4 ,illu/ration3 ,,bogdan ,,s]ai4 ,a ,,p5d5tive ,,( ,,! ,,dome4 ,illu/ration3 ,,bogdan ,,s]ai4 ,,! ,,*apel ,,f ,,! ,,nor?-,,we/4 ,to face page #bhj4 ,op9ions diff] 9 reg>d to ! d$ication ( ! *apel4 ,paspates1#dia foll[+ ! view curr5t among ! g>d5]s :o cultivat$ ! m>ket-g>d5s 9 ! neighb\rhood1 ma9ta9$ t ! *apel 0 d$icat$ to ,s4 ,ni*olas4 ,h5ce ! late ,canon ,curtis1 ( ! ,crimean ,memorial ,*ur* 9 ,con/ant9ople1 believ$ t ?is 0 ! *ur* ( ,,ss4 ,ni*olas & ,augu/9e ( ,cant]bury1 f\nd$ by a ,saxon noble :o fl$ to ,con/ant9ople aft] ! ,norman conque/ ( ,engl&4 ,:at is c]ta9 is t 9 ! sev5te5? c5tury ! *apel 0 d$icat$ to ! ,!otokos4 ,du ,cange m5tions x "u ! "n1 ,ecclesia ,deip>ae ,s]ai ,bogdaniae4#dib ,mordtmann has prov$#dic t ,bogdan ,s]ai m>ks ! site ( ! celebrat$ mona/]y & *ur* ( ,s4 ,john ! ,bapti/ 9 ,petra1--! title '9 ,petra' be+ d]iv$ f ! neighb\r+ mass ( rock1 :i* ! ,byzant9es knew z ,greek3 ,palaia ,petra1 & :i* ! ,turks /yle ,kesm ,kaya1 ! ,*opp$ ,rock4 ,accord+ to a memb] ( ! mona/]y1 :o fl\ri%$ 9 ! elev5? c5tury1 ! ,h\se 0 f\nd$ by a monk nam$ ,b>a 9 ! reign ( ,ana/asius ,i4 7#dia-eah7 ne> an old half-ru9$ *apel d$icat$ to ,s4 ,john ! ,bapti/1 9 :at 0 !n a lonely qu>t] ( ! city1 betwe5 ! ,gate ( ,s4 ,romanus 7,top ,kap\ssi7 & ,bla*]nae4 ,! mona/]y becomes conspicu\s 9 ! n>ratives ( ! ,russian pilgrims to ! %r9es ( ! city1 "u ! designation1 ! mona/]y ( ,s4 ,john1 ,ri*-9-,god1 because ! in/itution 0 un5d[$ & dep5d5t ^u ! freewill (f]+s ( ! fai?ful1 :i* 'by ! grace ( ,god & ! c>e & pray]s ( ,john' 7 g5]\s4 ,?rice a ye>1 on ! fe/ivals ( ! ,bapti/ & at ,ea/]1 ! public 0 admitt$ to ! mona/]y & hospitably ent]ta9$4 ,x seems to h suff]$ dur+ ! ,lat9 occupation1 = x is describ$ 9 ! reign ( ,&ronicus ,,ii4 z /&+ ab&on$ 9 a v9ey>d4 ,b x 0 re/or$1 & attract$ visitors by ! beauty ( its mosaics & ! sanctity ( its relics4#did ,9 #acha a patri>*al decision conf]r$ ^u ! abbot ! titles ( ar*im&rite & protosyngellos1 & gave him ! ?ird place 9 ! ord] ( prec$5ce among ! *iefs ( ! mona/]ies ( ! city1 't ?us ! outw>d hon\rs ( ! h\se might reflect ! virtue & piety :i* adorn$ its inn] life4'#die ,ow+ to ! proximity ( ! h\se to ! l&w>d walls1 x 0 "o ( ! fir/ %r9es#dif to become ! spoil ( ! ,turks on ! #bi? ( ,may #adec1 & 0 soon us$ z a qu>ry to furni% mat]ials = new build+s aft] ! conque/4 ,gyllius visit$ ! ru9s1 & mi/ak+ ! fabric = ! *ur* ( ,s4 ,john ! ,bapti/ at ! ,hebdomon1 gave rise to ! s]i\s error ( plac+ t suburb 9 ?is "p ( ! city in/ead ( at ,makrikeui beside ! ,sea ( ,m>mora4#dig ,g]la*#dih describes ! *ur* z clos$ because ne> a mosque4 ,portions1 h[ev]1 ( ! mona/ic build+s & ( ! /rong wall ar\nd !m /ill surviv$1 & eikons ( celebrat$ sa9ts /ill decorat$ ! por*4 ,on an eikon ( ,*ri/ ! title ( ! mona/]y1 ,petra1 0 inscrib$4 ,"s ( ! old cells 7 !n occupi$ by nuns1 :o 7 ma9ta9$ by ! *>itable gifts ( weal?y memb]s ( ! ,greek community4 ,ar*itectural ,features ,! build+ is 9 two /ories1 & may be describ$ z a *apel ov] a crypt4 ,x po9ts nor?-ea/1 a peculi> ori5tation probably due to ! adaptation ( ! *apel to ! position ( ! resid5ce ) :i* x 0 associat$4 ,! masonry is v f9e & regul>1 built 9 c\rses ( squ>$ /one alt]nat+ ) f\r c\rses ( brick1 all laid 9 ?ick mort> jo9ts1 & pi]c$ ) num]\s putlog holes runn+ ?r\gh ! walls4 ,x pres5ts a /rik+ lik5ess to ! masonry 9 ! =tifications ( ! city4 ,! l[] /ory is an oblong hall cov]$ ) a b>rel vault1 & t]m9ates 9 an ar* & apse4 ,9 ! we/ side ( "o ( ! jambs ( ! ar* is a small ni*e4 ,! vault = "o-?ird ( its height is =m$ by ?ree c\rses ( /one laid horizontally & cut to ! circle2 above ?is x is ( brick ) radiat+ jo9ts4 ,"h c[s are kept4 ,! upp] /ory is m4 #c4ge above ! pres5t level ( ! gr\nd4 ,x is a s+le hall m4 #h4hj 9 l5g? & m4 #c4gj wide1 t]m9at+ 9 a bema & a circul> apse 9 brick4 ,ov] ! bema is a b>rel vault4 ,a dome1 )\t drum or w9d[s1 re/+ on two %all[ flat ar*es 9 ! lat]al walls & two deep transv]se ar*es /r5g!n$ by a second ord] ( ar*es1 cov]s ! build+4 ,9 ! wall t[>ds ! nor?-we/ !re is a w9d[ betwe5 two l[ ni*es2 & a simil> arrangem5t is se5 9 ! opposite wall1 except t ! door :i* communicat$ ) ! resid5ce occupies ! place ( ! w9d[4 ,! apsidal *amb]s1 usual 9 a *ur*1 are "h repres5t$ by two ni*es 9 ! bema4 ,ext]nally ! apse %[s five sides1 & is decorat$ by a flat ni*e pi]c$ by a s+le light 9 ! c5tral side1 & a bl9d concave ni*e1 ) head ( patt]n$ brickwork1 9 ! two adjac5t sides4 ,! dome1 apse1 vaults1 & transv]se ar*es are 9 brick1 laid 9 true radiat+ c\rses4 ,! abs5ce ( w9d[s 9 ! dome is an unusual feature1 :i* occurs also 9 ! angle domes ( ,s4 ,!odosia4 ,! p5d5tives are 9 horizontal c\rses1 corbell$ out to ! c5tre1 & at ea* angle ( ! p5d5tives is emb$d$ an e>!nw>e j>1 ei!r = ! sake ( lightness1 or to improve1 z "s ?9k1 ! ac\/ics ( ! build+4 ,?is /ory ( ! *apel is us$ z a hayl(t4 ,a c>eful survey ( ! build+ %[s cle>ly t ! domical "* ( ! *apel is n orig9al1 & t ! /ructure :5 fir/ erect$ 0 a simple hall cov]$ ) a wood5 ro(4 ,bo? ! %all[ wall ar*es & ! deep transv]se ar*es "u ! dome are ins]tions 9 ! walls ( an old] fabric4 ,!y are n support$ on pila/]s1 z is ! practice else:]e1 b re/ on corbels1 &1 9 ord] to accommodate ^! corbels1 ! lat]al ni*es1 orig9ally ( ! same height z ! c5tral w9d[1 h be5 r$uc$ 9 height4 ,a fragm5t ( ! orig9al ar* /ill rema9s1 cut into by ! wall ar* ( ! dome4 ,! flat second>y ar*es cross+ ! *apel at ea* end are simil>ly support$ on corbels4 ,?is view is confirm$ by ! exam9ation ( ! pla/] left ^u ! walls4 ,t pla/] has f\r di/9ct coats or lay]s1 ^u all ( :i* eikons 9 temp]a are pa9t$4#dii ,! inn]mo/ coat is laid betwe5 ! transv]se dome ar*es & ! walls aga9/ :i* !y are built4 ,^? ar*es1 !re=e1 c\ld n h =m$ p>ts ( ! build+ :5 ! fir/ coat ( pla/] 0 laid1 b mu/ be lat] additions4 ,9 keep+ ) ?is fact1 ! second coat ( pa9t$ pla/] is f\nd laid bo? on ! ar*es & on ^? portions ( ! old "w :i* ! ar*es did n cov]4 ,! second>y ar*es "u ! transv]se ar*es at ea* end belong to a yet lat] p]iod1 = :]e !y h sep>at$ f ! ar*es above !m1 decorat$ pla/]1 :i* at "o "t =m$ "p ( ! g5]al ornam5tation ( ! build+1 is expos$ to view4 ,at ?is /age 9 ! hi/ory ( ! *apel ! ?ird coat ( pla/] 0 spread ov] ! walls1 ?us giv+ ?ree coats on ! olde/ p>ts :]e unalt]$--two coats on ! fir/ alt]ations1 & "o coat on ! second alt]ations4 ,! f\r? coat ( pla/] is /ill lat]1 m>k+ "s less s]i\s repair ( ! *apel4 ,! v\ssoirs ( ! lat]al dome ar*es %\ld be notic$4 ,!y d n radiate to ! c5tre1 b are laid flatt] & radiate to a po9t above ! c5tre4 ,?is =m ( con/ruction1 occurr+ frequ5tly 9 ,byzant9e ar*es1 is reg>d$ by "s au?orities z a me?od ( =m+ an ar* )\t c5t]+4 ,b 9 ! case ( ! lat]al wall ar*es be=e u x occurs :]e c5t]+ c\ld nev] h be5 requir$2 :ile ! apse ar*1 :]e c5t]+ w\ld h _h /ructural value1 is =m$ ) true radiat+ v\ssoirs4 ,! failure ( ! v\ssoirs to radiate to ! c5tre !re=e seems to be simply ! result ( us+ untap]$ v\ssoirs 9 :i* ! ar* =m mu/ be obta9$ by w$ge-%ap$ jo9ts4 ,= if ^! jo9ts are c>elessly =m$1 ! cr[n may v well be rea*$ be=e ! requisite am\nt ( radiation has be5 obta9$4 ,on ! o!r h&1 if full c5t]+ _h be5 us$1 we %\ld expect to f9d m>ks ( ! c5t]+ bo>ds on ! mort> 9 ! enorm\sly ?ick jo9ts4 ,b nei!r "h nor 9 any in/ance :]e ! jo9t+ 0 visible h su* m>ks be5 f\nd4 ,/ill1 :5 we consid] ! l>ge am\nt ( mort> employ$ 9 ,byzant9e "w1 x seems impossible t great] di/ortions ?an we actually meet ) 9 ,byzant9e edifices w\ld n h occurr$1 ev5 dur+ ! build+1 _h no support :atev] be5 giv54 ,x seems1 !re=e1 safe to assume ! use ( at any rate light scaffold+ & c5t]+ to all ,byzant9e ar*es4#ejj ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ih4 #dhd ,greek3 ,meta tn hals91 p4 #fa2 cf4 ,paspates1 p4 #cfa4 #dhe ,tagebu*1 p4 #def4 #dhf ,hypselantes1 ut supra1 p4 #fch4 #dhg ,ar*aeological ,supplem5t to ! ,proce$+s ( ! ,greek ,syllogos ( ,c4,p4 vol4 xviii4 p4 #h4 #dhh ,phrantzes1 p4 #cjg4 #dhi ,tagebu*1 p4 #def4 #dij ,see ,*ap4 ,,xii4 #dia ,p4 #cfj4 #dib ,con/ant4 ,*ri/4 iv4 p4 #afb4 #dic ,see ,ar*aeological ,supplem5t to ! ,proce$+s ( ! ,greek ,syllogos ( ,c4,p4 vol4 xviii4 p4 #h4 #did ,ruy ,gonzalez de ,clavijo 9 #adjc1 ,vida de ,gran ,tamorlan y it9]>io1 p4 #ej 7,madrid1 #aghb73 ',san ,juan del a ,pi$ra e/ c]ca del palacio del ,emp]ador' 7i4e4 ne> ! palace ( ,bla*]nae74 #die ,miklosi* et ,mll]1 i4 ii4 pp4 #ba-bc4 #dif ,ducas1 p4 #bhh4 #dig ,de top4 ,c4,p4 iv4 c4 #d4 #dih ,tagebu*1 p4 #dee4 #dii ,:5 ,paspates 7p4 #cfj7 visit$ ! *apel1 ! eikons 7 m di/9ctly visible ?an at pres5t1 al?\gh !y bore m>ks ( delib]ate injury by ,moslem iconocla/s4 #ejj ,see p4 #bc4 ,,*apt] ,,xxiii ,,! ,,*ur* ,,( ,s4 ,,savi\r ,,9 ,,! ,,*ora1 ,,kahri ,,jamissi ,accord+ to ! hi/orian ,nicephorus ,gregoras1#eja :o 0 long & closely connect$ ) ! *ur*1 ! ,*ora 0 f\nd$ by ,ju/9ian ! ,great1 & !n pres5t$ ! =m ( a basilica4 ,b !re is reason to believe t ! edifice erect$ by t emp]or 0 ! recon/ruction ( an old] %r9e4 ,! fame ( a re/or] (t5 eclips$ ! memory ( ! f\nd] ( a sanctu>y1 especially :5 ! re/or] 0 ! sup]ior 9 rank & re>$ a l>g] & m beautiful build+4 ,accord+ to ,symeon ,metaphra/es1#ejb ! site ( ! ,*ora 0 fir/ consecrat$ by ! int]m5t ( ,s4 ,babylas & 8 eighty-f\r disciples1 :o 7 m>tyr$ 9 #bih dur+ ! reign ( ,maximianus4 ,! sc5e ( _! execution1 inde$1 0 ,nicom$ia2 b fri5dly h&s obta9$ possession ( ! bodies ( ! *ampions ( ! fai?1 & tak+ !m to ,con/ant9ople1 buri$ !m outside ! walls ( ! city1 t[>ds ! nor?1 9 ! place subsequ5tly occupi$ by ! mona/]y ( ! ,*ora4 ,z w appe>1 ! relics ( ,s4 ,babylas & 8 disciples =m$ "p ( ! treasures ( ! ,*ora 9 ! n9? c5tury4#ejc ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,lxxxi4 ,s4 ,,savi\r ,,9 ,,! ,,*ora1 ,,f ,,! ,,we/4 ,illu/ration3 ,s4 ,,savi\r ,,9 ,,! ,,*ora1 ,,f ,,! ,,s\?-,,ea/4 ,to face page #bhh4 ,! settlem5t ( ! approximate date ( ! f\ndation ( ! *ur* dep5ds1 ultimately1 ^u ! mean+ to be atta*$ to ! t]m ,*ora 7,greek3 ,*ra74 ,!re are "s writ]s :o incl9e to ! idea t 9 ?is connection t t]m 0 employ$ f ! fir/ 9 a my/ical s5se1 to d5ote ! attribute ( ,*ri/ z ! sph]e ( man's highe/ life2 & !re c be no d\bt t ! ^w 0 us$ 9 t s5se 9 ! f\rte5? c5tury4 ,t is unque/ionably its mean+ 9 ! leg5ds inscrib$ on mosaics :i* adorn ! walls ( ! build+4 ,greek3 ,,ic ,,xc ,m,r ,,?y ,h ,,*,,ra ,h ,,*,,ra ,,t\ ,t,n ,z,,nt,n ,,a*,r,,t\ ,& x is 9 t s5se t ! t]m is employ$ by ,cantacuz5e#ejd & ,phrantzes4#eje ,on ?is view ! description ( ! *ur* z '9 ! ,*ora' ?r[s no light on ! date ( ! *ur*'s f\ndation4 ,o!r au?orities1#ejf h[ev]1 ma9ta9 t ! t]m ,*ora 0 orig9ally associat$ ) ! *ur* 9 ! obvi\s topographical signification ( ! ^w1 to d5ote t]ritory outside ! city limits1 & t its religi\s ref]5ce came into vogue only :5 *anges 9 ! b\nd>ies ( ,con/ant9ople made ! lit]al mean+ ( ,*ora no long] applicable4 ,accord+ to ?is op9ion ! *ur* 01 !re=e1 f\nd$ :ile its site lay beyond ! city walls1 & consequ5tly be=e ! ye> #dac1 aft] :i* ! site 0 includ$ )9 ! capital by ! erection ( ! ,!odosian wall4 ,h5ce1 ! phrase '9 ! ,*ora' _h ! same signification z ! /yle '9 ! fields' :i* is atta*$ to ! *ur* ( ,s4 ,m>t9 9 ,london1 or ! /yle fuore le mura :i* belongs to ! basilica ( ,s4 ,paul & o!r *ur*es beyond ! walls ( ,rome to ?is day4 ,x is c]ta9ly 9 ?is topographical s5se t ! t]m ,*ora is und]/ood by ! ,byzant9e writ]s 9 ^: works x fir/ appe>s4 ,t is h[ ! t]m is us$ by ,simeon ,metaphra/es#ejg 9 8 description ( ! site ( ! mona/]y 9 8 day1 & t is h[ ! ,anonymus#ejh ( ! elev5? c5tury & 8 foll[] ,cod9us#eji und]/& ! t]m2 = !y take special c>e to expla9 h[ a build+ :i* lay )9 ! city 9 _! day c\ld be /yl$ ',*ora'2 because1 say !y1 x once /ood )\t ! walls1 on t]ritory1 !re=e1 call$ by ! ,byzant9es1 ,greek3 *rion1 ! c\ntry4 ,! lit]al mean+ ( a ^w is e>li] ?an its artificial & poetical signification4 ,& "o c easily conceive h[1 :5 ! /yle ,*ora 0 no long] lit]ally correct1 m5 ab&on$ ! sob] gr\nd ( common-s5se & hi/ory to inv5t recondite mean+s inspir$ by imag9ation & s5tim5t4 ,?is conclusion is confirm$ by ! hi/ory ( ! ,*ora giv5 9 ! ,life ( ,s4 ,!odore1#eaj an abbot ( ! mona/]y1 :i* ,mr4 ,g$eon discov]$ 9 ! libr>y ( ! ,pantokrator on ,m\nt ,a?os4 ,accord+ to t biography1 ,s4 ,!odore 0 a relative ( ,!odora1 ! wife ( ,ju/9ian ! ,great1 & aft] s]v+ ) di/9ction 9 ! ,p]sian w>s1 & w9n+ great] r5[n z a monk ne> ,antio*1 came to ,con/ant9ople ab\t ! ye> #ecj1 at ! invitation ( 8 imp]ial relatives1 to assi/ 9 ! settlem5t ( ! !ological controv]sies ( ! day4 ,once !re he 0 induc$ to make ! capital 8 p]man5t abode by p]mission to build a mona/]y1 :]e he c\ld foll[ 8 high call+ z fully z 9 8 ,syrian retreat4 ,= t purpose he select$ a site on ! prop]ty ( a c]ta9 ,*>isius1 situat$1 z ! ,*ora is1 on ! slope ( a hill1 desc5d+ on ! "o h& /eeply to ! sea1 & ris+1 on ! o!r1 to ! highe/ po9t 9 ! l9e ( ! ,!odosian walls1 ! po9t m>k$ by ! gate nam$ aft] ,*>isius 7n[ ,edirn ,kap\ssi74 ,! site 0 already hall[$1 says ! biograph] ( ,s4 ,!odore1 by ! pres5ce ( a humble mona/ic retreat & a small *apel4 ,! edifice erect$ by ,s4 ,!odore 01 h[ev]1 soon ov]?r[n by ! sev]e e>?quake :i* %ook ! city 9 #eeh1 & all ! hopes ( ! good man w\ld also h be5 da%$ to ! gr\nd _h ! disa/] n call$ =? ! sympa?y & aid ( ,ju/9ian4 ,9 ! room ( ! ru9$ build+s ! emp]or erect$ a magnific5t e/abli%m5t1 ) *apels d$icat$ to ! ,!otokos1 ! ,ar*angel ,mi*ael1 ,s4 ,an?imus ( ,nicom$ia1 & ! ,=ty ,m>tyrs ( ,seba/e4 ,!re also /ood a ho/el = ! special accommodation ( ,syrian monks on a visit to ,con/ant9ople1 & a hospital = diseases ( ! eye4#eaa ,9 ?is acc\nt ( ! e>ly hi/ory ( ! ,*ora1 !re may be1 z ,s*mitt#eab ?9ks1 _m inaccuracies4 ,x 0 easy1 ev5 = a memb] ( ! ,h\se :o aspir$ to au?or%ip1 to confuse p]sons1 to err 9 ! matt] ( dates1 & to ov]look ! *anges :i* ! build+s ) :i* he 0 famili> _h und]gone be=e 8 day4 ,b surely ! biograph] ( ,s4 ,!odore c be tru/$ :]e 8 /atem5ts are support$ by m reliable au?orities1 & we may !re=e accept 8 te/imony on ! foll[+ po9ts3 t ! orig9al *ur* ( ! ,*ora 0 e>li] ?an ! reign ( ,ju/9ian2 t "u ,ju/9ian ! old sanctu>y 0 replac$ by a new & /ateli] build+2 t ! ,*ora ma9ta9$ intimate relations ) mona/]ies 9 ,syria2 & t ) x 0 associat$ a *ur* d$icat$ to ! ,ar*angel ,mi*ael4 ,,note ,! association ( a *ur* d$icat$ to ,s4 ,mi*ael ) ! ,*ora1 & ! fact t ! ,*ora /ood on ! prop]ty ( ,*>isius1 raise an int]e/+ "q4 ,= among ! subscriptions to ! lett] ( ! monks to ,pope ,hormisdas 9 #eah1 & ! subscriptions to ! ,acts ( ! ,synod held 9 ,con/ant9ople 9 #ecf1 /&s ! "n ( ! abbot ( ! mona/]y ( ! ,ar*angel ,mi*ael ( ,*>isius4#eac ,0 t mona/]y id5tical ) ! ,*ora8 ,if x 01 t fact w\ld be additional evid5ce t ! ,*ora 0 e>li] ?an ,ju/9ian's "t4 ,on ! o!r h&1 x is always dang]\s to id5tify build+s because !y 7 situat$ 9 ! same qu>t] ( ! city & d$icat$ to ! same sa9t4 ,! abs5ce ( all ref]5ce to ! mona/]y ( ,s4 ,mi*ael ( ,*>isius aft] ! reign ( ,ju/9ian1 & yet ! association ( a *ur* ( ,s4 ,mi*ael ) ! ,*ora aft] 8 reign1 may be due ei!r to ! ru9 ( t mona/]y 9 ! e>?quake ( #eeh1 or to ! subsequ5t union ( ! two e/abli%m5ts on acc\nt ( _! proximity4 ,! next important ev5t 9 ! hi/ory ( ! ,h\se 0 ! conf9em5t !re ( ! celebrat$ g5]al ,priscus1 ,c\nt ( ! ,excubiti1 at ! comm& ( ! ,emp]or ,h]aclius 7#faj-fda74ead ,priscus _h tak5 a lead+ "p 9 ! revolution :i* ov]?rew 8 fa!r-9-law1 ! infam\s ,phocas1 & plac$ ,h]aclius ^u ! ?rone4 ,b not)/&+ t s]vice1 ! attitude ( ! g5]al t[>ds ! new rgime 0 n consid]$ satisfactory1 & ) ! cruel taunt1 ',wret*1 ?\ did/ n make a good son-9-law2 h[ can/ ?\ be a true fri5d8' ,h]aclius relegat$ him to political non5tity by =c+ him to become a monk at ! ,*ora4 ,! new bro!r did n live long1 b 8 weal? furni%$ ! frat]nity ) ! means = ! erection ( a l>ge & beautiful *ur*4 ,s*mitt1 inde$1 ?9ks t ! biograph] ( ,s4 ,!odore1 already cit$1 fail$ to recognise ! id5tity ( ! p]son conc]n+ :om he wrote1 & assign$ ev5ts :i* occurr$ 9 ! "t ( ,h]aclius to ! reign ( ,ju/9ian4 ,accord+ to ,s*mitt1 ,s4 ,!odore is really ,priscus "u 8 "n 9 religion1 & to him1 & n to ,ju/9ian1 0 ! ,*ora indebt$ = its fir/ great era ( prosp]ity4 ,"o ?+ is c]ta91 ! spl5did *ur* ) :i* ! biograph] ( ,s4 ,!odore 0 acqua9t$1 & ! weal? & beauty ( :i* he extols 9 extravagant t]ms1 0 n ! *ur* erect$ by ,ju/9ian at ! ,*ora4 ,! latt] 0 a basilica2#eae :ile ! *ur* allud$ to 9 ! biography ( ,s4 ,!odore 0 a domical build+4#eaf ,probably ! fame ( ,ju/9ian veil$ n only :at o!rs _h done = ! ,*ora be=e him1 b also ! s]vices p]=m$ by o!rs aft] 8 day4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,lxxxii4 ,s4 ,,savi\r ,,9 ,,! ,,*ora1 ,,f ,,! ,,nor?-,,ea/4 ,illu/ration3 ,s4 ,,savi\r ,,9 ,,! ,,*ora4 ,,! ,,nor? ,,side4 ,to face page #bib4 ,9 #gab ! ,patri>* ,kyros 0 conf9$ 9 ! ,*ora by ! ,emp]or ,philippicus = adh]5ce to ! t5ets ( ! ,six? ,g5]al ,c\ncil 7#fhj71eag :i* condemn$ ! attribution ( a s+le w to ! p]son ( ,*ri/4 ,! fidelity ( ! patri>* to or?odox op9ion 0 commemorat$ annually 9 ! s]vices held at ! ,*ora1 z well z 9 ,s4 ,sophia1 on ! #h? ( ,janu>y4 ,! mona/]y 0 also hon\r$ by ! burial !re1 9 #gdj1 ( ! ,patri>* ,g]manus 7#gad-gcj71 fam\s = 8 piety1 8 le>n+1 & above all = 8 opposition to ,leo ! ,isaurian1 :5 t emp]or comm5c$ ! crusade aga9/ eikons4 ,! tomb ( ! patri>* 0 reput$ to p]=m wond]ful cures4#eah ,ano!r notable p]sonage buri$ at ! ,*ora 0 ! patrician ,bactagius1 an associate ( ,artavasdos 9 ! ef=t1 made 9 #gdc1 to drive ,con/ant9e ,copronymus f ! ?rone4 ,^u ! failure ( t attempt ,bactagius 0 captur$1 behead$ 9 ! ,kynegion1 & :ile 8 head 0 display$ to public view 9 ! ,milion = ?ree days1 8 mutilat$ body 0 tak5 to ! ,*ora4 ,?is might h seem$ suffici5t rev5ge4 ,b ! rebel's (f5ce s rankl$ 9 ! emp]or's memory1 t ev5 aft] ! lapse ( "s ?irty ye>s 8 res5tm5t 0 n allay$4 ,! wid[ ( ,bactagius 0 !n =c$ to proce$ to ! ,*ora to dis9t] ! bones ( h] husb& f _! re/+-place 9 holy e>?1 & c>ry !m 9 h] cloak to ! dre>y burial-gr\nd ( ,pelagion1 :]e ! corpses ( p]sons :o committ$ suicide 7 ?r[n4#eai ,l simil> in/itutions ! ,*ora suff]$ sev]ely dur+ ! iconocla/ic p]iod4 ,because ( its connection ) ! ,patri>* ,g]manus x became ! special object ( ! hatr$ ( ,con/ant9e ,copronymus = monks & 0 almo/ ru9$4 ,:at he left ( x 0 turn$ into a secul> resid5ce1 & devot$ to ! conf9em5t ( ,artavasdos & 8 family4 ,!re also t rebel1 & 8 n9e *ildr5 & 8 wife1 ,con/ant9e's si/]1 7 ev5tually buri$4#ebj ,) ! triumph ( ! iconodules1 9 #hdb1 "u ,mi*ael ,,iii4 & 8 "m ! ,empress ,!odora1 happi] days dawn$ ^u ! ,*ora4 ,x 0 !n =tunate 9 ! appo9tm5t ( ,mi*ael ,syncellus z its abbot1 & "u 8 rule x rapidly recov]$ f pov]ty & desolation4 ,! new abbot 0 a ,syrian monk di/+ui%$ = 8 ability1 8 sanctity1 & 8 devotion to eikons4 ,he came to ,con/ant9ople 9 #had1 to remon/rate aga9/ ! religi\s policy ( ,leo ! ,arm5ian1 &1 accord+ to ! cu/om ( monks f ,pale/9e on a visit to ! capital1 lodg$ at ! ,*ora4 ,b s f> f succe$+ 9 ! object ( 8 visit1 ,mi*ael 0 imprison$ & !n bani%$ to "o ( ! mona/]ies on ,m\nt ,olympus 9 ,bi?ynia4 ,accord+ly1 :5 ! cause = :i* he suff]$ prov$ victori\s1 no hon\r seem$ too great to be/[ ^u ! m>tyr4 ,x 0 ev5 propos$ to create him patri>*1 b he decl9$ ! (fice1 & support$ ! appo9tm5t ( 8 fri5d ,me?odius to t position4 ,me?odius1 9 return1 made ,mi*ael 8 syncellus & abbot ( ! ,*ora4#eba ,"u ^! circum/ances x is n surpris+ t funds 7 secur$ = ! re/oration ( ! mona/]y1 & t ! bro!rhood soon ga9$ great influ5ce 9 ! religi\s circles ( ! capital4 ,!re is1 h[ev]1 no m5tion n[ ( ! *ur* ( ! ,ar*angel ,mi*ael or ( ! *ur* d$icat$ to ! ,!otokos4 ,possibly ! dea? ( ! abbot 9 #hdf & lack ( money prev5t$ ! recon/ruction ( ^? sanctu>ies4 ,! only *ur*es atta*$ to ! ,*ora notic$ 9 ! biography ( ,mi*ael ,syncellus are ! *ur* ( ,s4 ,an?imus1 conta9+ ! relics ( ,s4 ,babylas & 8 eighty-f\r disciples1 ! dep5d5t *apel ( ,s4 ,ignatius1 & ! *ur* ( ! ,=ty ,m>tyrs4#ebb ,let x also be not$ t !re is yet no m5tion ( a *ur* specially consecrat$ to ! ,savi\r4 ,aft] its re/oration 9 ! #i? c5tury ! ,*ora does n appe> aga9 9 hi/ory until ! reign ( ,alexius ,i4 ,comn5us 7#ajha-aaah71 :51 ow+ to its great age1 x 0 f\nd 9 a /ate ( almo/ complete ru94#ebc ,if = no o!r reason1 ! proximity ( ! *ur* to ! palace or ,bla*]nae1 :i* _h become ! fav\rite resid5ce ( ! c\rt1 br\ght ! dilapidat$ pile into notice1 & its re/oration 0 und]tak5 by ! emp]or's "m-9-law1 ,m>ia1 ! beautiful & tal5t$ gr&daught] ( ,samuel1 ! fam\s k+ ( ,bulg>ia1 & niece ( ,aeca!r9a1 ! consort ( ,isaac ,i4 ,comn5us4 ,m>ia _h m>ri$ ,&ronicus ,ducas1 a son ( ,mi*ael ,,vii41 & ! m>riage ( h] daught] ,ir5e ,duca5a to ,alexius 0 design$ to unite ! rival pret5sions ( ! families ( ! ,comn5i & ! ,ducas to ! ?rone4 ,x _h be5 /r5u\sly oppos$ by ,anna ,dalass5a1 ! "m ( ,alexius1 & its accompli%m5t 9 #ajgg1 not)/&+ su* =midable opposition1 is no slight pro( ( ! diplomatic skill & det]m9ation ( ! "m ( ! bride4 ,nor c x be d\bt$ t ,ir5e's "m act$ a consid]able "p 9 p]suad+ ,alexius1 :5 he m\nt$ ! ?rone1 n to repudiate 8 "y wife1 z he 0 tempt$ to d 9 fav\r ( a fair] face4 ,p]haps ! re/oration ( ! ,*ora 0 a tok5 ( gratitude = ! triumph ( h] mat]nal devotion4 ,! *ur* 0 rebuilt on ! plan :i* x pres5ts to-day1 = 9 ! acc\nt ( ! repairs made 9 ! f\rte5? c5tury x is di/9ctly /at$ t !y conc]n$ *iefly ! out] portion ( ! edifice4#ebd ,to ,alexius' "m-9-law1 !re=e1 may be assign$ ! c5tral "p ( ! /ructure1 a cruci=m hall2 ! dome1 s f> z x is n ,turki%1 ! beautiful m>ble incru/ation ^u ! walls1 ! mosaic eikons ( ! ,savi\r & ( ! ,!otokos on ! pi]s ( ! ea/]n dome-ar*1 & ! exquisite m>ble c>v+ above ! latt] eikon--all eloqu5t 9 praise ( ! ta/e & munific5ce t *>act]is$ ! elev5? c5tury 9 ,con/ant9ople4 ,probably ! *ur* 0 !n d$icat$ to ! ,savi\r1 l ! ?ree o!r ,comn5ian *ur*es 9 ! city1 ! ,pantepoptes1 ! ,pantokrator1 & ,s4 ,!kla4 ,! "m-9-law ( ,alexius ,i4 01 h[ev]1 n alone 9 h] int]e/ 9 ! ,*ora4 ,h] devotion to ! mona/]y 0 %>$ also by h] gr&son ! seba/ocrator ,isaac4 ,tall1 h&some1 brave1 b ambiti\s & wayw>d1 ,isaac 0 gift$ ) ! arti/ic temp]am5t1 z 8 spl5did manuscript ( ! fir/ eight books ( ! ,old ,te/am5t1 embelli%$ ) m9iatures by 8 own h&1 makes cle>4#ebe ,if ! inscription on ! mosaic repres5t+ ! ,deesis f\nd 9 ! inn] n>!x really ref]s to him1 x proves t 8 influ5ce 0 felt 9 ! decoration ( ! build+4#ebf ,he c]ta9ly erect$ a magnific5t mausoleum = himself 9 ! *ur*4 ,lat] 9 8 life1 inde$1 he became int]e/$ 9 ! re/oration ( ! mona/]y ( ,!otokos ,kosmosoteira at ,viros1 & ord]$ t mausoleum to be dismantl$1 & ! m>bles1 bronze rail+1 & portraits ( 8 p>5ts :i* adorn$ x to be transport$ to ,viros2 b he /ill all[$ 8 own portrait 'made 9 ! days ( 8 y\?ful vanity' to rema9 9 ! ,*ora4#ebg ,,note ,usp5ski has id5tifi$ ,viros ) ,f]ejik1 a village situat$ #cj kilometres f ,d$eagat*1 & #bj-be kilometres f ,enos1 'aux emb\*ures ds]tes et m>cageuses de la ,m>itza4' ,! *ur* is n[ ! mosque ( ! village4 ,x has five domes & ?ree apses4 ,! c5tral apse is pi]c$ by a mod]n door4 ,! exon>!x has disappe>$ & ! old pr9cipal entrance is wall$ up4 ,! plan ( ! *ur* is almo/ id5tical ) ! plan ( ! ,*ora4 ,:ile ! ar*itectural details are poor & indicate ha/e1 ! dim5sions ( ! build+ imply consid]able exp5se & ! weal? ( ! re/or]4 ,!re are traces ( pa9t+ on ! walls ( ! int]ior1 especially 9 ! domes 7! ,virg97 & 9 ! two lat]al apses4 ,an epitaph ( sev5 l9es 9 ! middle ( ! mosque conta9s ! title 'despotes4' ,accord+ to ,usp5ski1 ! seba/ocrator di$ soon aft] #aahb1 ! ye> dur+ :i* he 0 engag$ on ! ,typicon ( ! mona/]y at ,viros4 ,! mona/]y 0 visit$ by ! ,emp]or ,&ronicus ,comn5us 9 #aahe1 by ,isaac ,angelus 9 #aaie1 & by ,villeh>d\9 9 #abje4 ,e>ly 9 ! f\rte5? c5tury x 0 conv]t$ into a =tress1 & ! c\ntry r\nd x 0 ravag$ 9 #acbb by ! ,bulg>ians4 ,x 0 attack$ 9 va9 by ,john ,cantucuz5e1 b 0 captur$ 9 #acee by ,john ,,vi4 ,palaeologus4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,lxxxiii4 ,s4 ,,savi\r ,,9 ,,! ,,*ora4 ,,! ,,inn] ,,n>!x1 ,,look+ ,,s\?4 ,illu/ration3 ,s4 ,,savi\r ,,9 ,,! ,,*ora4 ,,! ,,inn] ,,n>!x1 ,,look+ ,,s\?4 ,to face page #bif4 ,ano!r "n associat$ ) ! ,*ora at ?is p]iod is t ( ! ,patri>* ,cosmas1 :o 0 commemorat$ annually 9 ! *ur* on ! #bnd ( ,janu>y4 ,he _h occupi$ ! patri>*al seat 9 days tr\bl$ by ! intrigues & conflicts :i* drove fir/ ,mi*ael ,,vii4 ,ducas1 & !n ,nicephorus ,botoniates f ! ?rone1 & inve/$ ,alexius ,comn5us ) ! purple4 ,!y 7 n days mo/ suitable to a man :o1 ?\gh highly e/eem$ = 8 virtues1 0 )\t education or exp]i5ce 9 public affairs1 & ne>ly n9ety ye>s old4 ,/ill1 to 8 hon\r be x said1 x 0 at 8 e>ne/ reque/ t ,botoniates f9ally agre$ to =ego a bloody conte/ ) ! ,comn5i1 & to )draw quietly to ! mona/]y ( ! ,p]ibleptos4 ,moreov]1 :5 x seem$ unc]ta9 :e!r ! victori\s ,alexius w\ld rema9 fai?ful to ,ir5e ,duca5a & raise h] to ! ?rone1 ,cosmas1 not)/&+ all ! ef=ts ( ,anna ,dalass5a 7:o 0 ill-dispos$ t[>ds ,ir5e7 to p]suade him to lay d[n 8 (fice1 firmly refus$ to resign until he _h plac$ ! imp]ial cr[n ^u ! emp]or's lawful wife4 ,soon aft] t ev5t1 on ! #g? ( ,may #ajha1 ! fe/ival ( ,s4 ,john ! ,evangeli/1 ,cosmas1 hav+ celebrat$ s]vice 9 ! *ur* d$icat$ to t apo/le at ! ,hebdomon 7,makrikeui71 turn$ to 8 deacon1 say+1 ',take my ,psalt] & come ) me2 we h no?+ m to d "h1' & retir$ to ! mona/]y ( ,kall\4 ,8 /r5g? = battle 0 sp5t4 ,aft] its re/oration "u ! ,comn5i1 ! ,*ora aga9 disappe>s f view until ! reign ( ,mi*ael ,palaeologus 7#abfa-abhb74 ,9 ! int]val ! =tunes ( ! ,empire _h suff]$ s]i\s rev]ses1 :at ) dome/ic /rifes & =eign w>s4 ,bulg>ia _h reass]t$ h] indep5d5ce & e/abli%$ ! capital ( a new k+dom at ,tirnovo1 :ile ,con/ant9ople itself _h be5 captur$ by ! =ces ( ! ,f\r? ,crusade & made ! seat ( a ,lat9 k+dom4 ,consequ5tly1 x is n surpris+ to f9d t ! ,*ora1 l o!r *ur*es ( ! ravag$ city1 0 9 a deplorable condition at ! close ( ^? calamit\s days4 ,no?+ seem$ to h be5 done = ! repair ( ! *ur* imm$iately ^u ! recov]y ( ! capital 9 #abfa4 ,! ru9 :i* ! ,lat9 occupants ( ,con/ant9ople left beh9d !m 0 too great to be remov$ at once4 ,! fir/ ref]5ce to ! ,*ora at ?is p]iod occurs "s f\rte5 ye>s aft] ! re/oration ( ! ,byzant9e ,empire1 :5 ! mona/]y1 ow+ to its proximity to ! palace ( ,bla*]nae1 0 assign$ to ! ,patri>* ,veccus z ! h\se 9 :i* to lodge on ! occasion ( 8 audi5ces ) ,mi*ael ,palaeologus1 on ,tuesdays1 to pres5t petitions = ! ex]cise ( imp]ial g5]osity or ju/ice4 ,b ! decay into :i* ! e/abli%m5t _h fall5 c\ld n be long ignor$1 & a weal?y1 tal5t$1 & influ5tial citiz5 :o resid$ 9 ! neighb\rhood1 ,!odore ,meto*ites1#ebh decid$ to re/ore ! edifice z a monum5t ( ! arti/ic revival ( 8 own day4 ,!odore ,meto*ites 0 "o ( ! mo/ rem>kable m5 ( 8 day4 ,8 tall1 l>ge1 well-proportion$ figure1 8 bright c\nt5ance1 comm&$ att5tion :]ev] he appe>$4 ,he 01 moreov]1 a great /ud5t ( anci5t ,greek lit]ature & ( ! lit]ature ( lat] times1 & al?\gh nev] a ma/] ( /yle1 became an au?or & attempt$ v]se4 ,he 0 mu* int]e/$ 9 a/ronomy1 & "o ( 8 pupils1 ! hi/orian ,nicephorus ,gregoras1 recognis$ ! true l5g? ( ! ye> & propos$ ! re=m ( ! cal5d> c5turies be=e ,pope ,gregory4 ,!odore's memory 0 s ret5tive t he c\ld conv]se on any topic ) :i* he 0 famili>1 z if read+ f a book1 & !re 0 sc>cely a subject on :i* he 0 n able to speak ) ! au?ority ( an exp]t4 ,he seem$ a liv+ libr>y1 'walk+ encyclopa$ia4' ,9 fact1 he belong$ to ! class ( brilliant ,greek s*ol>s :o might h reg5]at$ ! ,ea/ _h n ! un=tunate political situation ( _! c\ntry driv5 !m to ,italy to h]ald & promote ! ,r5aissance 9 ,we/]n ,europe4 ,!odore ,meto*ites 01 moreov]1 a politician4 ,he took an active "p 9 ! adm9i/ration ( affairs dur+ ! reign ( ,&ronicus ,,ii41 hold+ ! (fice ( ,gr& ,logo!tes ( ! ,treasury2 & su* 0 8 devotion to politics1 t :5 act+ z a /atesman x might be =gott5 t he 0 a s*ol>4 ,! unhappy /rife betwe5 ,&ronicus ,,ii4 & ,&ronicus ,,iii4 caus$ ,!odore ,meto*ites ! pr(\nde/ anxiety1 & x 0 n 8 fault if ! feud betwe5 ! gr&fa!r & ! gr&son refus$ to be heal$4 ,8 ef=ts to br+ t disgraceful & disa/r\s qu>rel to an end involv$ great self-sacrifice & wreck$ 8 c>e]4 ,= ! c\nsels he address$ to ,&ronicus ,,iii4 gave mortal (f5ce1 & :5 ! "y emp]or ent]$ ! capital & took up 8 qu>t]s 9 ! palace ( ! ,porphyrog5itus 7,tekf\r ,s]ai71 8 troops sack$ & demoli%$ ,!odore's mansion 9 t vic9ity4 ,! beautiful m>bles :i* adorn$ ! resid5ce 7 s5t z an imp]ial pres5t to a ,scy?ian pr9ce1 :ile ! fall5 /atesman 0 bani%$ to ,didymotica = two ye>s4 ,^u 8 return f exile ,!odore f\nd a %elt] 9 ! mona/]y :i* he _h re/or$ 9 8 prosp]\s days4 ,b !re also1 = "s two ye>s long]1 ! cup ( sorr[ 0 press$ to 8 lips4 ,a malady f :i* he suff]$ caus$ him excruciat+ pa92 8 sons 7 implicat$ 9 a political plot & ?r[n into prison2 ,&ronicus ,,ii41 betwe5 :om & himself all communication _h be5 =bidd51 di$2 & s ! worn-out man assum$ ! habit ( a monk1 & lay d[n to die on ! #ac? ( ,m>* #acca1 a mon? aft] 8 imp]ial fri5d4 ,8 "o consolation 0 ! beautiful *ur* he bequea!d to succe$+ g5]ations = ! wor%ip ( ,god4 ,to ! r5ovation ( ! *ur* ,!odore ,meto*ites devot$ himself he>t & s\l1 & sp5t money = t object on a lavi% scale4 ,z ! c5tral portion ( ! build+ 0 comp>atively well pres]v$1#ebi x 0 to ! out] "p ( ! edifice t he direct$ 8 *ief att5tion--! two n>!xes & ! p>ecclesion4 ,^! 7 to a l>ge ext5t rebuilt & decorat$ ) ! m>bles & mosaics1 :i* aft] six c5turies1 & not)/&+ ! neglect & injuries !y h suff]$ dur+ ! great] "p ( t p]iod1 /ill excite ! admiration !y awak5$ :5 fre% f ! arti/'s h&4 ,! connection ( ,!odore ,meto*ites ) ?is spl5did "w is immortalis$ n only by hi/orians ( 8 day & by himself1#ecj b also by ! mosaic :i* surm\nts ! ma9 entrance to ! *ur* f ! inn] n>!x4 ,!re ! re/or] ( ! build+1 array$ 9 8 (ficial robes1 & on b5d$ knees1 holds a model ( ! *ur* 9 8 h&s & (f]s x to ! ,savi\r seat$ on a ?rone4 ,beside ! kneel+ figure is ! leg5d1 ,greek3 ho kttr logo!ts t\ g5nik\ ,!odros ho ,meto*its1 ',! build]1 ,logo!tes ( ! ,treasury1 ,!odore ! ,meto*ites' 7,plate ,,xci474 ,! re/oration ( ! *ur* mu/ h be5 complet$ be=e ! ye> #acba1 = 9 t ye> ,nicephorus ,gregoras#eca describes x z !n rec5tly 7,greek3 arti7 r5ovat$1 & 9 use = ! celebration ( div9e s]vice4 ,h[ long be=e #acba ! "w ( repair precisely comm5c$ _c be det]m9$1 b x 0 9 process z e>ly z #acjc1 = t date is inscrib$ 9 ,arabic num]als on ! mosaic depict+ ! miracle at ,cana1 :i* /&s to ! "r ( ! figure ( ,*ri/ ov] ! door lead+ f ! out] to ! inn] n>!x4 ,b to h rea*$ ! /age at :i* mosaics c\ld be appli$ ! "w ( re/oration mu/ h be5 comm5c$ sometime be=e #acjc4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,lxxxiv4 ,s4 ,,savi\r ,,9 ,,! ,,*ora4 ,,capital ,,9 ,,! ,,out] ,,n>!x4 ,illu/ration3 ,s4 ,,savi\r ,,9 ,,! ,,*ora4 ,,capital ,,9 ,,! ,,out] ,,n>!x4 ,to face page #cjj4 ,"o ( ! mo/ di/+ui%$ memb]s ( ! ,*ora 0 ! hi/orian ,nicephorus ,gregoras1 :o le>n$ to "k ! mona/]y ?r\gh 8 fri5d%ip ) ,!odore ,meto*ites4 ,! two m5 met fir/ :5 ,nicephorus came f 8 native t[n ,h]aclea on ! ,black ,sea to ,con/ant9ople1 a y\? eag] to acquire ! k t fl\ri%$ 9 ! capital4 ,be+ specially int]e/$ 9 ! sci5ce ( a/ronomy1 ! /ud5t plac$ himself "u ! in/ruction ( ,!odore1 !n ! greate/ au?ority on ! subject1 & won ! e/eem & confid5ce ( 8 ma/] to a degree t rip5$ into ! w>me/ fri5d%ip & ! mo/ unres]v$ intellectual int]c\rse4 ,9 8 turn1 ,nicephorus ,gregoras became ! in/ructor ( ! *ildr5 ( ! gr& logo!tes1 & 0 treat$ z a memb] ( ! family4 ,he 0 also associat$ ) ! re/oration ( ! ,*ora1 att5d+ p>ticul>ly to ! collection ( ! co/ly mat]ials requir$ = ! embelli%m5t ( ! *ur*4 ,?us ! mona/]y became 8 home f y\? to old age1 & aft] ,!odore's dea? 0 entru/$ to 8 c>e4#ecb ,dur+ ! fi]ce controv]sy :i* rag$ ar\nd ! "q :e!r ! light beheld at ! ,transfiguration =m$ "p ( ! div9e ess5ce1 & c\ld be se5 aga9 aft] prolong$ fa/+ & gaz+ ^u "o's navel1 z ! monks ( ,m\nt ,a?os & _! support]s ma9ta9$1 ,nicephorus ,gregoras1 :o reject$ t idea1 retir$ f public life to def5d :at he deem$ ! cause ( tru? m effectively4 ,b to cont5d ) a ma/] ( legions is ev] an unequal /ruggle4 ,! ,emp]or ,john ,cantacuz5e1 tak+ ! side ( ! monks1 condemn$ _! oppon5t to sil5ce 9 ! ,*ora1 & !re = "s ?ree ye>s ,nicephorus ,gregoras discov]$ h[ sc5es ( happ9ess c be turn$ into a v]itable hell by imp]ial disfav\r & !ological odium4 ,not)/&+ 8 age1 8 physical infirmities1 8 s]vices to ! mona/]y1 8 intellectual em95ce1 he 0 treat$ by ! frat]nity 9 a mann] s inhuman t he w\ld h pref]r$ to be expos$ on ! m\nta9s to wild bea/s4 ,he 0 oblig$ to fet* wat] = himself f ! mona/]y well1 & :51 on "o occasion1 he 0 laid up = sev]al days by an injury to 8 foot1 none ( ! bro!rs ev] ?\ght ( br++ him wat]4 ,9 w9t] he 0 all[$ no fire1 & he _h (t5 to wait till ! froz5 wat] 9 8 cell 0 melt$ by ! sun be=e he c\ld wa% or dr9k4 ,! vision ( ! light ( ! ,transfiguration did n transfigure ! "* ( its behold]s4 ,dur+ ?is try+ p]iod ( 8 life "o ray ( com=t w&]$ into ! cell ( ! p]secut$ man4 ,on ! #ac? ,decemb] #acea1 9 ! dead ( night1 :ile ! prec9cts ( ! mona/]y 7 cr[d$ ) wor%ipp]s att5d+ ! vigil ( ! fe/ival ( ! ,conception ( ! ,!otokos1 a /range figure climb$ into ! prison]'s room ?r\gh an op5 w9d[4 ,x prov$ to be an old fri5d & =m] pupil nam$ ,aga?angelus1 :o _h n be5 se5 = t5 ye>s ow+ to 8 abs5ce f ! city4 ,tak+ advantage ( ! d>kness & ( ! absorption ( ! monks 9 ! s]vices ( ! fe/ival1 he _h made ?is attempt to visit 8 rev]$ ma/]4 ,eag]ly & hurri$ly1 = ! "t at _! comm& 0 %ort1 ! two fri5ds rec\nt$ ! /ory ( _! lives :ile sep>at$4 ,rapidly ,aga?angelus sket*$ ! c\rse ( affairs 9 ,/ate & ,*ur* s9ce ! seclusion ( ,nicephorus ,gregoras2 & ! brief visit end$ & seem$ a dream4 ,b ! devot$ disciple 0 n satisfi$ ) a s+le int]view4 ,six mon?s lat] he contriv$ to see 8 ma/] aga91 &1 enc\rag$ by success1 saw him aga9 ?ree times1 ?\gh at long int]vals1 dur+ ! ?ree ye>s t ,nicephorus ,gregoras 0 deta9$ 9 ! ,*ora4 ,"o great object ( ^! visits 0 to keep ! prison] in=m$ ( ev5ts 9 ! _w beyond ! walls ( 8 cell1 & on ! basis ( ! in=mation ?us suppli$ ,nicephorus ,gregoras wrote "p ( 8 important hi/ory4 ,:5 at l5g?1 9 #aced1 ,john ,cantucuz5e 0 driv5 f ! ?rone1 & ,john ,palaeologus reign$ 9 8 /ead1 ,nicephorus 0 lib]at$1#ecc & to ! la/ def5d$ ! op9ions = :i* he _h suff]$4 ,ano!r "n associat$ ) ! ,*ora at ?is "t is t ( ,mi*ael ,tornikes1 ,gr& ,con/able 9 ! reign ( ,&ronicus ,,ii4 ,he 0 relat$1 on 8 "m's side1 to ! emp]or1 & /ood 9 high fav\r at c\rt n only on acc\nt ( t k9%ip1 b because ( ! tal5ts1 "*1 & adm9i/rative ability :i* he display$4 ,he 01 moreov]1 a fri5d ( ,!odore ,meto*ites1 & 8 political support] 9 ! ef=ts made to end ! /rife betwe5 ,&ronicus ,,ii4 & ,&ronicus ,,iii4#ecd ,^u 8 dea?1 ,tornikes 0 buri$ 9 ! p>ecclesion ( ! ,*ora1 & ! epitaph compos$ 9 8 hon\r has kept its place !re to ?is day 7,plate ,,xcii474 ,9 #acdb1 ,sabbas1 a monk ( ! mona/]y ( ,vatop$i1 :o came to ,con/ant9ople z a memb] ( a deputation f ,m\nt ,a?os to reconcile ! ,reg5t ,anna ( ,savoy ) ,cantacuz5e1 0 conf9$ 9 ! ,*ora on ! failure ( t mission4#ece ,9 view ( its proximity to ! l&w>d walls1 ! ,*ora acquir$ great importance dur+ ! fatal siege ( #adec4 ,= ! inhabitants ( ! beleagur$ capital plac$ _! hope = deliv]ance m ^u ! sa9ts !y wor%ipp$ ?an ^u _! own pr[ess2 ! spiritual ho/ en%r9$ 9 _! *ur*es 0 deem$ mighti] ?an ! w>riors :o mann$ ! t[]s ( ! =tifications4 ,! sanctu>ies beside ! walls con/itut$ ! /ronge/ bulw>ks f :i* ! ',god protect$ city' 0 to be def5d$1 n ) e>?ly1 b ) heav5ly weapons4 ,! eikon ( ! ,!otokos ,hodegetria 01 !re=e1 tak5 to ! ,*ora to gu>d ! po/ ( dang]4 ,x repres5t$ ! ,!otokos z ! ,lead] ( ,god's p 9 w>1 & ar\nd x ga!r$ memories ( wond]ful deliv]ances & glori\s triumphs1 mak+ x seem ! bann] ( w+less victory4 ,:5 ! ,s>ac5s besieg$ ! city ! eikon 0 c>ri$ r\nd ! =tifications1 & ! enemy _h fl$4 ,x l$ ,zimisces 9 8 victori\s campaign aga9/ ! ,russians2 x 0 borne r\nd ! =tifications :5 ,branas assail$ ! capital 9 ! reign ( ,isaac ,angelus1 & ! foe disappe>$2 & :5 ,con/ant9ople 0 recov]$ f ! ,lat9s1 ,mi*ael ,palaeologus only express$ ! g5]al s5tim5t 9 plac+ ! eikon on a triumphal c>1 & caus+ x to ent] ! city be=e him1 :ile he humbly foll[$ on foot z f> z ! ,/udion4 ,b ! glory ( ! days ( old _h dep>t$1 & no soon] did ! troops ( ,sultan ,mehem$ =ce ! ,gate ( ,*>isius 7,edirn ,kap\ssi7 ?an !y made = ! ,*ora1 & cut ! image to pieces4 ,! *ur* ( ,s4 ,savi\r 9 ! ,*ora 0 ! fir/ ,*ri/ian sanctu>y to fall into ! h&s ( ! ,moslem ma/]s ( ,con/ant9ople4 ,! build+ 0 conv]t$ into a mosque by ,ali ,atik ,pa%a1 ,gr& ,vizi]1 betwe5 #adie & #aeaa1 9 ! reign ( ,bajazet ,,ii4 ,gyllius visit$ ! *ur* 9 #aehj1 & expatiates ^u ! beauty ( its m>ble revetm5t1 b makes no ref]5ce to its mosaics & frescoes4#ecf ,?is1 "s au?orities ?9k1 proves t ^! decorations 7 !n conceal$ f view1 because objectionable 9 a place consecrat$ to ,moslem wor%ip4 ,b ! sil5ce ( ! travell] may be due to ! brevity ( 8 description ( ! *ur*4 ,!re is evid5ce t ! build+ has suff]$ mu* s9ce ! ,turki% conque/ f e>?quake & f fire1 b ! precise dates ( ^! disa/]s _c be accurately det]m9$4 ,! mosque disappe>$ f g5]al view until #ahfj1 :5 x 0 discov]$ by a ,greek ar*itect1 ! late ,pelopidas ,d4 ,k\ppas4 ,mr4 ,c>lton ,cumb]bat*1 !n ! ,briti% ,consul at ,con/ant9ople1 0 in=m$ ( ! fact & spread ! news ( ! =tunate f9d4 ,! build+ 0 9 a pitiful condition4 ,! pr9cipal dome & ! dome ( ! diaconicon _h fall5 92 ! walls & vaults 7 crack$ 9 _m places & black ) smoke2 w9d1 & ra91 & sn[ _h long _h free c\rse to d :at mis*ief !y pleas$4 ,happily !re /ill rema9$ too mu* beauty to be ignor$1 & ! ,gov]nm5t 0 p]suad$ to take ! "w ( re/oration 9 h&4 ,! build+ n[ takes rank ) ! mo/ int]e/+ sights ( ! capital1 pres5t+ "o ( ! f9e/ embodim5ts ( ! ideal :i* inspir$ ,byzant9e art4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,lxxxv4 ,s4 ,,savi\r ,,9 ,,! ,,*ora4 ,,! ,,int]ior1 ,,look+ ,,nor?-,,we/4 ,illu/ration3 ,s4 ,,savi\r ,,9 ,,! ,,*ora4 ,,! ,,out] ,,n>!x1 ,,look+ ,,s\?4 ,to face page #cjd4 ,ar*itectural ,features ,z ! hi/ory ( ! *ur* prep>es u to expect1 ! build+ pres5ts a v irregul> plan4 ,! c5tral area is a %ort-arm$ ,greek cross surm\nt$ by a dome1 & t]m9at+ to ! ea/ 9 a l>ge apse flank$ by side *apels n[ disconnect$ f x4 ,to ! we/ are two n>!xes1 on ! s\? a p>ecclesion1 & on ! nor? a gall]y 9 two /ories4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ii4 ,z ! c5tral "p ( ! *ur* is ! olde/ & ( ! greate/ int]e/1 ! description w beg9 ) ! int]ior1 & deal aft]w>ds ) ! lat] ext]ior accretions4 ,only two doors lead f ! inn] n>!x to ! *ur*1 "o ( !m 9 ! c5tre ( ! axis & ! o!r to ! nor?4 ,! abs5ce ( ! correspond+ & cu/om>y ?ird door1 = :i* !re is space on ! s\? side1 %\ld be notic$1 z x ?r[s light on ! orig9al plan ( ! build+4 ,! doors are beautifully treat$ ) m>ble m\ld+s & panell$ +oes2 ! door to ! nor? recalls ! sculptur$ door 9 ! s\? gall]y ( ,s4 ,sophia1 b1 un=tunately1 ! c>v$ "w ( ! panels has be5 de/roy$4 ,above ! c5tral door1 on ! int]ior1 is a porphyry cornice c>v$ ) peacocks dr9k+ at f\nta9s 7,plate ,,lxxxvii474 ,l>ge portions ( ! beautiful m>ble revetm5t on ! walls ( ! *ur* happily rema9 intact1 & n[h]e else 9 ,con/ant9ople1 except 9 ,s4 ,sophia1 c ?is spl5did me?od ( col\r decoration be /udi$ to great] advantage4 ,slabs ( v>i\s m>bles h be5 split & plac$ on ! walls s z to =m patt]ns 9 ! ve9+4 ,! l[] "p is design$ z a dado 9 ,proconessian /rip$ m>ble1 ) upright po/s ( d>k r$ at ! angles & at int]vals on ! long] /ret*es ( wall1 & re/s on a m\ld$ m>ble base4 ,above ! dado are two b&s1 r$ & gre51 sep>at$ f ! dado & f ea* o!r by :ite fillets4 ,! upp] "p is fill$ 9 ) l>ge panels1 especially f9e slabs ( br[n1 gre51 or purple hav+ be5 select$ to =m ! c5tre panels4 ,! pla9] slabs ( ! side panels are fram$ 9 r$ or gre5 bord]s1 & outl9$ ) fillets ( :ite m>ble ei!r pla9 or c>v$ ) ! 'bead & reel4' ,! ar*es h radiat+ v\ssoirs1 & ! ar* sp&rils & ! frieze "u ! cornice are inlaid ) scroll & geometrical designs 9 black1 :ite1 & col\r$ m>bles4 ,! cornice is ( grey m>ble ) a 'cyma recta' section1 & is c>v$ ) an upright leaf4#ecg ,on ! ea/]n walls ( ! nor? & s\? cross arms1 & flank+ ! apse1 eikon frames simil> to ^? 9 ! ,diaconissa 7p4 #ahf7 are ins]t$4 ,! nor!rn frame encloses a mosaic figure ( ,*ri/ hold+ 9 ,8 h&s an op5 book1 on :i* are ! words1 ',come unto ,me all ye :o lab\r & are heavy lad54'#ech ,9 ! correspond+ frame to ! s\? is ! figure ( ! ,virg91 &1 above x1 an ar* ( ov]hang+ acan?us leaves enclos$ )9 a squ>e frame ) half figures ( angels 9 ! sp&rils4 ,! ar* encloses a m$allion bu/1 ! head ( :i* is defac$1 b :i* repres5t$ ! ,savi\r1 z is prov$ by ! indication ( a cross on ! aureola4 ,! spaces at ! sides ( ! m$allion are fill$ 9 ) a pi]c$ scroll %[+ a d>k slab ( porphyry beh9d x1 mak+ a v beautiful arrangem5t4 ,^! frames are di/ant f ! eikono/asis1 :i* /ret*$ across ! front ( ! bema ar*1 ne>] to ! apse4 ,on ! s\? side are two doors lead+ to ! p>ecclesion1 & on ! nor? side above ! cornice is a small w9d[ f ! nor? gall]y4 ,! dome re/s on a ribb$ drum ( sixte5 concave segm5ts1 & is pi]c$ by eight w9d[s correspond+ to ! octagonal =m ( ! ext]ior4 ,! orig9al cr[n has fall5 & be5 replac$ by ! pres5t pla9 ,turki% dome4 ,! pro!sis & ! diaconicon are repres5t$ by *apels to nor? & s\? ( ! apse4 ,z already /at$1 !y d n n[ communicate ) ! bema1 al?\gh ! position ( ! old passages betwe5 !m & ! bema is m>k$ by ni*es 9 ! m>ble revetm5t4 ,f ! fact t ! ,byzant9e m>ble "w is cont9u$ across ^! passages x is evid5t t ! *apels 7 cut (f f ! apse 9 ,byzant9e days4 ,! nor? *apel is cov]$ by a drum dome ( eight concave sections1 & is ent]$ f ! l[] /ory ( ! gall]y on ! nor? side ( ! *ur*4 ,x %\ld be notic$ t ! *apel is n plac$ axially to ?is gall]y4 ,! s\? *apel is cov]$ by a pla9 drum dome1 & is n[ ent]$ f ! p>ecclesion1 evid5tly z ! result ( ! alt]ations made :5 ! p>ecclesion 0 add$4 ,! ext]ior is v simply treat$4 ,! side apses %[ ?ree sides ( an octagon4 ,! c5tral apse has five sides ( a v flat polygon1 & is decorat$ ) holl[ ni*es on ea* side ( a l>ge triple w9d[4 ,x 0 at "o "t support$ by a l>ge d\ble fly+ buttress1 b ! l[] ar* has fall5 94 ,z ! buttress does n bond ) ! wall x 0 evid5tly a lat] addition4 ,! inn] n>!x is ent]$ f ! out] n>!x by a door to ! we/4 ,x is ) its respl5d5t m>ble revetm5t & brilliant mosaics a s+ul>ly p]fect & beautiful piece ( "w1 "o ( ! f9e/ gems ( ,byzant9e ,art4 ,x is divid$ into f\r bays1 & is n symmetrically plac$ to ! *ur*4 ,! door /&s opposite to ! l>ge door ( ! *ur* & is 9 ! c5tral axis ( ! build+4 ,! bay :i* x occupies & t imm$iately to ! nor? are cov]$ by dome vaults re/+ on /rong transv]se ar*es & %all[ segm5tal wall ar*es4#eci ,! nor!rn end bay is cov]$ ) a drum dome ( sixte5 holl[ segm5ts pi]c$ by eight w9d[s4 ,! bay to ! s\? ( ! door is consid]ably l>g] ?an ! o!r bays1 & is cov]$ by a dome simil> 9 "* to t ov] ! nor!rn end bay b ( great] diamet]4 ,at ! s\? end ( ! n>!x a small door leads to ! return bay ( ! out] n>!x 9 front ( ! p>ecclesion4 ,! d\ble-/ori$ annex or gall]y on ! nor? ( ! build+ is ent]$ by a door 9 ! nor? bay ( ! inn] n>!x4 ,! l[] /ory is cov]$ by a b>rel vault ) /rong transv]se ar*es at int]vals4 ,its door to ! outside at ! we/ end is n[ built up4 ,at ! ea/ end a door1 unsymmetrically plac$1 leads to ! small *apel :i* 0 orig9ally ! pro!sis4 ,?is /ory ( ! gall]y seems nev] to h _h w9d[s4 ,! upp] /ory1 rea*$ by a /one /air at ! we/ end 9 ! ?ickness ( ! ext]nal wall1 is pav$ 9 r$ tiles1 cov]$ ) a b>rel vault1 & light$ by two small w9d[s 9 ! nor? wall & "o at ! ea/ end4 ,^! w9d[s /ill %[ grooves & bolt holes = casem5t w9d[s or %utt]s op5+ inw>ds 9 two leaves 7,figs4 #ai1 #ajj74 ,9 ! s\? wall is ! little w9d[ ov]look+ ! *ur*4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,lxxxvi4 ,s4 ,,savi\r ,,9 ,,! ,,*ora4 ,,eikon ,,frame ,,on ,,! ,,s\?-,,ea/]n ,,pi]4 ,illu/ration3 ,s4 ,,savi\r ,,9 ,,! ,,*ora4 ,,! ,,int]ior1 ,,look+ ,,ea/4 ,to face page #cjh4 ,! out] n>!x has a s+le door to ! ext]ior1 plac$ on ! c5tral axial l9e1 & is plann$ symmetrically4 ,! c5tral bay is l>g] ?an ! o!rs1 & is cov]$ by a dome vault re/+ on %all[ wall ar*es4 ,on ea* side are two bays cov]$ by simil> dome vaults1 b z ! bays are oblong1 ! wall ar*es are br\ght =w>d /rongly s z to give a =m m approa*+ ! squ>e z a base = ! dome4 ,! transv]se ar*es are /rongly pron\nc$ & h wood5 tie beams4 ,at ! s\? end two bays are return$ to =m an entrance to ! p>ecclesion4 ,9 ^! ! transv]se ar*es are ev5 m /rongly m>k$ & re/ on m>ble columns set aga9/ %all[ pila/]s4 ,! cubical capitals are ( :ite m>ble & v beautifully c>v$ ) figures ( angels & acan?us wrea?s4 ,any m>ble revetm5t :i* may once h cov]$ ! walls has disappe>$1 b mosaics depict+ sc5es 9 ! ,savi\r's life /ill decorate ! vault+ & ! lunettes ( ! ar*es1 :il/ figures ( sa9ts appe> ^u ! s(fits4 ,! mosaics are damag$ & h lo/ "s ( _! brilliancy2 ! backgr\nd is ( gold1 & ! mosaic cubes are small1 av]ag+ ab\t #a_/h to #c_/af ( an in*4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ajj4 ,! p>ecclesion is ent]$ f ! return bays ( ! out] n>!x ?r\gh a triple arcade1 n[ p>tly built up4 ,! capitals ( ! columns are ,byzant9e ,cor9?ian1 & reta9 suffici5t traces ( _! =m] decoration 9 d>k blue1 gold1 & r$ to give "s idea ( ! effect ( col\r on m>ble 9 ,byzant9e *ur*es4 ,! p>ecclesion is 9 two bays4 ,! we/]n bay is cov]$ by a high twelve-sid$ drum dome1 ) w9d[s 9 ea* side sep>at$ by flat ribs4 ,9 ! comp>tm5ts are figures ( ! ar*angels 9 temp]a1 ) ! leg5d1 ',holy1 ,holy1 ,holy1 is ! ,"l ,god4' ,! ea/]n bay is cov]$ by a dome vault1 & t]m9ates 9 an apse semicircul> )9 & light$ by a triple w9d[4 ,x has nei!r pro!sis nor diaconicon ( its own1 b communicates ) ! orig9al diaconicon ( ! ma9 *ur*4 ,! ?ree transv]se ar*es 9 ! bay are ti$ ) wood5 tie beams c>v$ ) arabesques & reta9+ traces ( gild+4 ,on ! nor? & s\? walls ( ! we/]n bay are l>ge ar*es enclos$ 9 squ>e frames & ) f9ely c>v$ ar*ivolts4 ,above ! s\? ar* is a slab inscrib$ ) ! epitaph to ! memory ( ! celebrat$ g5]al ,tornikes4 ,!re are no indications ( an entrance "u ! ar*4 ,x may h cov]$ a ni*e1 n[ built up1 int5d$ to receive a tomb1 possibly ! tomb ( ! seba/ocrator ,isaac4 ,! ar*ivolt ( ! ar* 9 ! nor? wall is =m$ ( acan?us leaves turn$ ov] at ! po9ts2 ! sp&rils are fill$ ) ! figures ( ! ar*angels ,mi*ael & ,gabriel1 be>+ appropriate emblems1 & above ! cr[n ( ! ar* is a small bu/ ( ,*ri/4 ,9 bo? ar*es ! c>v$ "w is exactly l t ( ! eikon frame 9 ! s\?-ea/]n pi] ( ! *ur*1 & closely resembles ! "w on ! l9tel ( ! eikon frames 9 ! *ur* ( ! ,diaconissa4 ,bo? ar*ivolts 7 orig9ally col\r$1 ! backgr\nd blue1 ! c>v$ ornam5t gilt4 ,! use ( figures 9 ! decoration ( ! *ur* is rem>kable4 ,!y are 9 bold relief & execut$ freely1 b %[n only f ! wai/ up4 ,! w9d[s1 l ^? 9 ! out] n>!x1 h a c5tral ar* betwe5 two semi-circles 7,fig4 #fc74 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,lxxxvii4 ,s4 ,,savi\r ,,9 ,,! ,,*ora4 ,,int]ior ,,cornice ,,ov] ,,ma9 ,,door ,,( ,,! ,,*ur*4 ,illu/ration3 ,s4 ,,savi\r ,,9 ,,! ,,*ora4 ,,ar*ivolt ,,on ,,! ,,nor? ,,side ,,( ,,! ,,p>ecclesion4 ,illu/ration3 ,s4 ,,savi\r ,,9 ,,! ,,*ora4 ,,w9d[ ,,heads ,,9 ,,! ,,c5tral ,,apse4 ,to face page #caj4 ,two passages1 :i* cut ?r\gh ! nor? wall1 lead f ! p>ecclesion to ! *ur*4 ,(f ! passage to ! we/ is a small *amb] ^: use is n app>5t4 ,x may be simply a space left ov] :5 ! *apel 0 add$4 ,high] up1 9 ! ?ickness ( ! wall1 ab\t t5 feet f ! floor1 & a little above ! spr++ level ( ! vault+ 9 ! p>ecclesion1 is a long1 n>r[ passage1 light$ by a w9d[ at ! ea/ end1 & cov]$ by a small b>rel vault1 corbell$ at ! spr++1 on two c\rses ( /one & ?ree c\rses ( brick laid horizontally1 ?us n>r[+ ! space to a consid]able degree4 ,f ?is corbell+ spr+ ! vault+ c\rses1 :i* are /eeply incl9$ & run f bo? ends to ! c5tre1 :]e ! resultant diamond-%ap$ op5+ is fill$ 9 ) horizontal c\rses 7,fig4 #dh74 ,on ! nor? side ( ! passage is a broad op5+ r\ghly built up1 b :i* seems orig9ally to h communicat$ ) ! s\? cross arm4 ,! op5+ is almo/ c5tral to ! cross-arm1 & is directly above ! doors lead+ f ! *ur* to ! p>ecclesion4 ,! ext]ior ( ! p>ecclesion & ! out] n>!x are treat$ ) arcades 9 two ord]s ( ! usual type4 ,on ! pi]s ( ! arcades are semicircul> %afts :i* 9 ! p>ecclesion rise to ! cornice1 b on ! we/ front /op at ! spr++ c\rse4 ,"h !y may h support$ ! wood5 ro( ( a cloi/] or por*4 ,! apse ( ! p>ecclesion has five sides ) angle %afts & ni*es1 alt]nately flat & concave 9 ?ree /ories4 ,! nor? wall is a f9e example ( simple masonry 9 /ripes ( brick & /one1 & ) small ar*+s & zigzag patt]ns 9 ! sp&rils ( ! ar*es4 ,bel[ ! p>ecclesion are two long n>r[ ci/]ns hav+ _! entrance on ! outside ( ! apse4#edj ,! orig9al plan ( ! *ur* 7,fig4 #ajb74 ,! great] "p ( ! alt]ations made 9 ! *ur* date f ,byzant9e times1 & ! m>ble cov]+s !n plac$ ^u ! walls h effectually cov]$ up any traces :i* might h giv5 a clue to ! orig9al =m ( ! build+4 ,9 consequ5ce any attempt at re/oration mu/ be ( a v t5tative "*4 ,x is evid5t t !re has be5 a s]i\s movem5t 9 ! /ructure due to ! weight ( ! dome & ! ?ru/ ( ! dome ar*es1 = ! walls bel[ ! dome are b5t outw>ds 9 a v pron\nc$ mann]4 ,x 0 9 ord] to *eck ?is movem5t t ! fly+ buttress 0 appli$ to ! apse1 & 9 all probability ! enorm\s ?ickness ( ! walls surr\nd+ ! c5tral cross is due to ! same cause4 ,_h ! walls orig9ally be5 z ?ick z at pres5t x is h>d to imag9e t movem5t c\ld h tak5 place4 ,! axial l9e f ea/ to we/1 pass+ ?r\gh ! doors ( bo? n>!xes1 divides ! pres5t build+ into two dissimil> p>ts4 ,we "k t ! p>ecclesion is a lat] addition1 & if x be remov$ & ! plan ( ! nor? side repeat$ to ! s\? ! result+ plan be>s a /rik+ resemblance to ,s4 ,sophia at ,salonica 7,fig4 #aja74 ,! position ( ! pro!sis & diaconicon 9 p>ticul> is id5tical 9 ! two *ur*es4 ,"s pro( t ?is 0 ! orig9al =m ( ! build+ is giv5 by ! small *amb] 9 ! wall ?ickness betwe5 ! *ur* & ! p>ecclesion4 ,= x corresponds to ! angle ( ! s\? 'aisle1' & on its we/ wall is a v]tical break 9 ! masonry :i* may be ! jamb ( ! old door to ! n>!x4 ,?is plan gives a n>!x 9 five bays--! ?ree c5tre ones l[1 ! two out] cov]$ by domes & lead+ to ! 'aisles4' ,:5 ! p>ecclesion 0 add$1 ! s\? gall]y & two bays ( ! inn] n>!x 7 swept away4 ,! ?ird door lead+ into ! *ur* 0 built up1 & ! pres5t l>ge dom$ bay add$ to ! %ort5$ n>!x4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #aja4--,s4 ,,sophia1 ,,salonica4 ,traces ( ! old] /ructure rema9 9 ! wall betwe5 ! *ur* & ! p>ecclesion4 ,! space already describ$1 :i* orig9ally op5$ f ! passage at ! high] level to ! s\? cross-arm1 corresponds 9 wid? bo? to ! w9d[ above & to ! space occupi$ by ! doors bel[4 ,at ,s4 ,sophia1 ,salonica1 ! side-arms are fill$ 9 ) arcades 9 two /ories =m+ an aisle & gall]y4 ,?is is ! normal dom$ basilica con/ruction4 ,"h1 if we reg>d ! floor ( ! upp] passage 7,b on plan1 p4 #cah7 z ! rema9s ( ! old gall]y floor1--& no o!r view seems to acc\nt = its exi/5ce1--! int]nal elevation 0 9 ?ree /ories1 an aisle at ! gr\nd level1 above x a gall]y1 & above t1 9 ! ar* tympanum1 a triple w9d[4 ,su* an arrangem5t is1 s f> z we "k1 unique 9 a small *ur*1 b x is ! arrangem5t us$ 9 ,s4 ,sophia1 ,con/ant9ople1 & may well h be5 d]iv$ f t *ur*4 ,! op5+ is only ab\t "o-half ( ! space1 leav+ a broad pi] at ea* side4 ,9 ?is x diff]s f ,s4 ,sophia1 ,salonica1 b su* side pi]s are pres5t 9 ,s4 ,sophia1 ,con/ant9ople4 ,! diagrams %[ a re/oration ( ! plan & int]nal bay bas$ on ^! conclusions 7,figs4 #ajb1 #ajc74 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ajb4--,s4 ,,savi\r ,,9 ,,! ,,*ora 7re/or$ plan74 ,! gall]y on ! nor? side is an addition4 ,! "* ( ! brickwork & ( ! w9d[s is lat] ?an ! c5tral *ur*1 b ! lack ( w9d[s on ! gr\nd floor sugge/s t ! 'aisle' 0 orig9ally light$ f ! body ( ! *ur*4 ,! vault+ gives no clue1 nor are !re traces ( an op5+ 9 ! wall betwe5 ! 'aisle' & ! *ur*4 ,! floor level is mu* high] ?an t ( ! passage ',b' 7p4 #cah7 on ! opposite side1 & seems to be a new level introduc$ :5 ! addition 0 made & ! wall ?ick5$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,lxxxviii4 ,s4 ,,savi\r ,,9 ,,! ,,*ora4 ,,ea/ ,,end ,,( ,,! ,,p>ecclesion4 ,illu/ration3 ,s4 ,,savi\r ,,9 ,,! ,,*ora4 ,,capital ,,at ,,! ,,entrance ,,to ,,! ,,p>ecclesion4 ,to face page #cad4 ,if ^! conclusions are correct ! *ur* 0 orig9ally a dom$ basilica resembl+ ,s4 ,sophia1 ,salonica1 9 plan & ,s4 ,sophia1 ,con/ant9ople1 9 elevation4 ,! side dome ar*es _h d\ble arcades 9 two /ories1 & above !m w9d[s 9 ! dome ar*es4 ,!re are at pres5t no traces ( a we/]n gall]y1 b su* may h exi/$ bel[ ! pres5t we/ w9d[s4 ,lat] 9 ! hi/ory ( ! *ur* came alt]ations1 :i* includ$ ! ribb$ domes & ! gall]y on ! nor? side4 ,! side aisles /ill communicat$ ) ! *ur* & ! lat]al *apels ) ! bema4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ajc4--,s4 ,,savi\r ,,9 ,,! ,,*ora 7re/or$ bay74 ,! fill+ up ( ! arcades1 ! ?ick5+ ( ! walls1 ! isolation ( ! lat]al *apels1 ! removal ( ! s\!rn aisle1 ! alt]ation ( ! n>!x1 ! build+ ( ! p>ecclesion & out] n>!x1 & mo/ ( ! decoration :i* =ms ! glory ( ! *ur*1 belong to ! great "w ( re/oration by ,!odore ,meto*ites e>ly 9 ! f\rte5? c5tury4 ,! repres5tation ( ! *ur* 9 ! mosaic panel above ! l>ge door to ! *ur* %[s a build+ ) a c5tral dome1 a n>!x t]m9at+ 9 dom$ bays1 & a w9d[ 9 ! we/ dome ar*4 ,x seems to repres5t ! *ur* z ! arti/ 0 accu/om$ to see x previ\s to ! additions 7,fig4 #aae74 ,pla9 cross plans1 or cross plans ) only "o lat]al gall]y1 are n unkn[n4 ,! *ur* ( ! ,ar*angels1 ,syg1#eda %[s su* a plan & is "h reproduc$ = purposes ( comp>ison4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,lxxxix4 ,s4 ,,savi\r ,,9 ,,! ,,*ora4 ,,! ,,p>ecclesion1 ,,look+ ,,s\?-,,ea/4 ,illu/ration3 ,s4 ,,savi\r ,,9 ,,! ,,*ora4 ,,! ,,p>ecclesion1 ,,look+ ,,we/4 ,to face page #caf4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ajd4--;,,*ur* ,,( ,,! ,,ar*angels ,,at ,,syg4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #aje4 ,illu/ration3 ,,figs4 #ajf ,,& #ajg4 ,illu/ration3 ,,figs4 #ajh ,,& #aji4 ,illu/ration3 ,,figs4 #aaj1 #aaa1 #aab1 ,,& #aac4 #eja ,vol4 i4 p4 #dei4 #ejb ,synax41 ,sept4 #d1 ,greek3 pi/oi de t9es eusebeis nyktos el?ontes kai ta leipsana en akati embalontes eis to ,byzantion diakomiz\si kai en t borei m]ei ex tei*en en trisi l>naxi kata!ntes1 en?a e/i mon ,*ra eponomazom51 doxan kai eu*>i/ian t ,! anepempsan4 #ejc ,proce$+s ( ! ,greek ,syllogos ( ,c4,p4 vol4 xxiv41 #ahif1 ,supplem5t1 p4 #cc4 #ejd ,vol4 iii4 p4 #agb4 #eje ,p4 #cf4 #ejf ,paspates1 p4 #cbf4 #ejg ,synax41 ,sept4 #d4 #ejh ,b&uri1 iii4 p4 #ed1 ,greek3 *rion n ekeise ex t\ ,byzanti\4 #eji ,de a$4 p4 #aba1 ,greek3 ekl? de *ra dioti tn ,byzantin *rion n ekei1 ka?a kai h t\ ,/\di\ mon1 ex ts poles hypr*54 #eaj ,writt5 9 ! second qu>t] ( ! n9? c5tury4 #eaa ,supplem5t to vol4 xxiv4 ( ! ,proce$+s ( ! ,greek ,syllogos ( ,c4,p4 p4 #bc4 ,cf4 ,s*mitt1 p4 #bh4 #eab ,9 8 great monograph on ,kahri ,jamissi publi%$ by ! ,russian ,in/itute ( ,con/ant9ople1 #aijf4 #eac ,mansi1 ,sacrorum ,conciliorum ,collectio1 tomus viii4 col4 #ijf1 col4 #hhb1 ,greek3 t\ hagi\ ,mi*al tn ,*>isi\3 ts epikln tn ,*>isi\4 #ead ,b&uri1 iii4 p4 #ed2 ,cod9us4 ,de a$4 p4 #aba ,greek3 h *ra prton m5 euktrion n1 ,priskos ho ep>*os kai gambros t\ ,phka t\ tyrann\ p]iori/heis ekei p>a t\ idi\ ektise tautn monn eis kallos kai mege?os1 apo*>isam5os kai ktmata polla4 #eae ,niceph4 ,greg4 iii4 p4 #dei4 #eaf ,s*mitt1 p4 #bh4 #eag ,!oph4 pp4 #eed1 #eef2 ,synax4 ad diem2 ,c$r5us1 i4 p4 #ghd4 #eah ,!oph4 pp4 #fbf-fhj2 ,synax41 ,may #ab4 #eai ,!oph4 pp4 #fdg-h4 #ebj ,life ( ,mi*ael ,syncellus1 p4 #ca1 9 supplem5t to vol4 xxiv4 ( ! ,proce$+s ( ! ,greek ,syllogos ( ,c4,p42 cf4 ,s*mitt1 p4 #bea4 #eba ,life ( ,mi*ael ,syncellus1 ut supra1 pp4 #cj1 #ca4 #ebb ,see supplem5t to vol4 xxiv4 ( ! ,proce$+s ( ! ,greek ,syllogos ( ,con/ant9ople1 p4 #cc2 cf4 ,s*mitt1 pp4 #beg-h4 #ebc ,niceph4 ,greg4 iii4 p4 #dei4 #ebd ,ibid4 i4 p4 #dei4 #ebe ,! manuscript 0 discov]$ 9 ! ,s]aglio ,libr>y by ,pr(essor ,t4 ,usp5ski1 & has be5 photographically reproduc$ by ! ,russian ,in/itute ( ,con/ant9ople4 #ebf ,! inscription has be5 injur$4 ,x n[ reads3-- ,symbol3 cross4,greek3 ho 44 os t\ pslo 44 t\ 444 siles 444 444 xi\ 444 44 ou 444 ,see ,s*mitt1 pp4 #ch-ci1 :o re/ores ! inscription ?us3 ,greek3 ho hyios t\ hypslotat\ basiles ,alexi\ t\ ,komnn\4 #ebg ,see ,s*mitt1 pp4 #ci-dj4 #ebh ,niceph4 ,greg4 i4 p4 #dei4 #ebi ,niceph4 ,greg4 i4 p4 #dei4 ,greek3 h\tos habrot]a *rsam5os dexia1 pln t\ mesaitat\ ne panta kals epeskeuase1 cf4 ii4 p4 #ajde4 #ecj ,!odori ,meto*itae c>m9a1 ed4 ,treu4 ,a #ajjd1 et passim4 #eca ,niceph4 ,greg4 i4 p4 #cjc ,greek3 arti t\ ne\rge9 epepauto tn ts ,*ras monn1 hopsos ho endon etyn*ane kosmos4 #ecb ,niceph4 ,greg4 ii4 pp4 #ajde-f4 #ecc ,niceph4 ,greg4 iii4 p4 #bdc4 #ecd ,cantacuz5e1 i4 p4 #ed4 #ece ,cantacuz5e1 ii4 p4 #bji4 #ecf ,de top4 ,c4,p4 iv4 c4 #d3--;,int] palatium ,con/ant9i et portam urbis ,adrianopolitanam extat des 9 septimo 787 colle1 qu etsi jam tot secula sit intra urbem tam5 etiamnum ,greek3 *ri/os *ras appellatur1 ex eo1 quod olim esset extra urbem4 ,ex tribus p>tibus1 ut mos e/ ,grcorum dium sacr>um1 porticu c+itur4 ,p>ietes ejus intr9secus ve/iti cru/is m>moris v>ii quadratis1 ita int] se conjunctis ut di/+uantur ab immo sursum v]sus modulis a/ragalorum1 aliorum baccatorum1 aliorum t] etiam s9e baccis4 ,supra quadratas cru/as discurrunt tres fasci et tres velut a/ragali1 quorum duo t]etes1 supremus quadratus velut regula4 ,supra fasciam1 d5ticuli2 supra d5ticulos1 folia ,cor9?ia4 ,d5ique m>mor sic m5sulis di/+uitur ut 9 commissuris eluceat labor ,cor9?icus4 ,s$ is pl5ior app>et 9 de ,sophi4 #ecg ,cf4 description by ,gyllius1 ,de top4 ,c4,p4 iv4 c4 #d4 #ech ,greek3 deute pros me pantes hoi kopintes kai pephortism5oi kag4444--,matt4 xi4 #bh4 #eci ,= ! description ( ^! vaults see p4 #bb4 #edj ,s*mitt 7op4 cit4 pp4 #ib-id7 ma9ta9s t ! p>ecclesion 0 orig9ally ! refectory ( ! mona/]y4 ,b a refectory !re w\ld occupy a v unusual position4 ,nor d ! frescoes on ! walls ( ! p>ecclesion correspond to ! decoration ( ! refectory ) repres5tations ( fl[]s & ( ,*ri/'s miracles1 z describ$ by ,!odore ,meto*ites3 444 ,greek3 kekosmatai an!si poikiloi i te p\ly*r\oisi te baphn 444 kai te diap]es apgeatai my/ria ?ymata ,*ri/\4 #eda ,f4 ,w4 ,hasluck4 ,bi?ynica1 ,b4,s4,a4 ,annual ,,xiii41 #aijf-g4 ,,*apt] ,,xxiv ,,! ,,mosaics ,,9 ,s4 ,,savi\r ,,9 ,,! ,,*ora ,z /at$ already1 ! mosaics on ! vaults & lunettes ( ! ar*es 9 ! out] n>!x ( ! *ur* portray sc5es f ! life ( ,*ri/1 z record$ 9 ! canonical & ! apocryphal ,gospels1 :ile on ! faces & s(fits ( ! ar*es are depict$ ! figures ( sa9ts ':o desir$ to look into ^! ?+s4' ,sc5es f ! ,savi\r's life are also portray$ 9 ! two bays to ! we/ ( ! p>ecclesion1 & 9 ! domes & s\!rn bay ( ! inn] n>!x4 ,inscriptions on ! mosaics expla9 ! subjects depict$4 ,! sc5es w be describ$ accord+ to ! gr\ps !y =m 9 ! comp>tm5ts ( ! n>!x4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #aad4--,,plan ,,( ,,! ,,n>!xes ,,( ,,! ,,*ur*1 ,,indicat+ ,,position ,,( ,,_! ,,mosaics4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,xc4 7#a7 ,s4 ,,savi\r ,,9 ,,! ,,*ora4 ,,mosaic ,,repres5t+ ,,! ,,miracle ,,( ,,wat] ,,turn$ ,,into ,,w9e4 ,,! ,,date #fhaa 7,a4,d4 #acjc71 ,,9 ,,arabic ,,num]als1 ,,is ,,above ,,! ,,la/ ,,figure ,,on ,,! ,,"r4 ,sebah & ,joailli]4 7#b7 ,s4 ,,savi\r ,,9 ,,! ,,*ora4 ,,mosaic ,,repres5t+ ,,! ,,c>ess+ ,,( ,,m>y ,,by ,,h] ,,p>5ts1 ,,& ,,! ,,bless+ ,,( ,,m>y ,,by ,,prie/s ,,at ,a ,,banquet4 ,to face page #cbb4 ,,out] ,,n>!x ,fir/ ,bay 7at ! nor? end74 #a4 ,9 ! nor!rn lunette4--,! angel ann\nc+ to ,joseph1 9 a dream1 ! bir? ( ,jesus4 ,to ! "r1 j\rney ( ,joseph & ,m>y f ,naz>e? to ,be?lehem4 ,simon ! son ( ,joseph walks ahead1 c>ry+ a bundle4 ,9 ! backgr\nd1 meet+ ( ,m>y & ,elizabe?4 #b4 ,9 ! ea/]n lunette4--,! regi/ration ( ,joseph & ,m>y at ,be?lehem be=e ,cyr5ius4 7,said to be unique 9 ! ,ea/4#edb7 ,on ! ar* ov] ! ea/]n lunette4--,bu/s 79 m$allions7 ( ,,ss4 ,m>d>ius1 ,aux5tius 7only "o lett] ( ! "n rema9s71 ,,ss4 ,eu/ratius1 ,ore/es4 #c4 ,on ! we/]n lunette4--,! ,holy ,family on ! way to ! fir/ passov] ( ,jesus at ,j]usalem4 ,on ! ar* ov] ! we/]n lunette4--,! bu/s 79 m$allions7 ( ,,ss4 ,anempodi/us1 ,elpidephorus1 ,ak9dynus1 ,aph?onius1 ,pegasius4 #d4 ,9 ! vault4--,! sc5e has disappe>$4 ,possibly x repres5t$ ,jesus among ! doctors 9 ! temple4 #e4 ,on ! s(fit ( ! transv]se ar*1 betwe5 ! fir/ & second bays4--,to ! ea/1 ,s4 ,&ronicus2 to ! we/1 ,s4 ,t>a*us4 ,second ,bay #f4 ,9 ! ea/]n lunette4--,! bir? ( ,jesus4 ,9 ! backgr\nd1 to left1 ! angel appe>+ to ! %eph]ds2 to "r1 ! magi behold+ ! /> %9+ ov] ! mang] 9 :i* lies ! ,holy ,*ild1 :ile an ox & an ass fe$ 9 x4 ,9 ! c5tre1 ,m>y on a c\*4 ,9 ! =egr\nd1 to left1 two wom5 ba?+ ! ,holy ,*ild2 to ! "r1 ,joseph seat$ on ! gr\nd & gaz+ at ! ,holy ,*ild4 ,on ! ar* above ! ea/]n lunette4--,! bu/s 79 m$allions7 ( ,,ss4 ,philemon1 ,leukius1 ,kall9ikus1 ,?yrsus1 ,apollonius4 #g4 ,9 ! we/]n lunette4--,return ( ! ,holy ,family f ,egypt to ,naz>e?4 ,9 ! ar* above ! we/]n lunette4--,! bu/s 79 m$allions7 ( ,,ss4 ,engraphus 7871 ,m5as1 ,h]mog5es1 ,laurus1 ,florus1 ,m5as1 ,victor1 ,vik5tius4 #h4 ,9 ! vault4--,! baptism ( ,jesus2 ! sc5es 9 ! temptation ( ,jesus4 #i4 ,on ! second transv]se ar*4--,to ! ea/1 ,s4 ,george2 to ! we/1 ,s4 ,demetrius4 ,! ,?ird or ,c5tral ,bay #aj4 ,9 ! ea/]n lunette1 ov] ! door lead+ to ! inn] n>!x4--,*ri/ 9 ! act ( b5$iction4 #aa4 ,9 ! we/]n lunette4--,! ,!otokos1 9 ! attitude ( pray]1 ) ! ,holy ,*ild1 9 a nimbus1 on h] brea/2 ! leg5d ,greek3 ,,mr ,,?y ,h ,,*,,ra ,,t\ ,,a*,,ret\ 7! c\ntry ( ! ,inf9ite72 on ! "r & left1 an angel4 #ab4 ,9 ! vault4--,9 ! nor?-ea/]n corn]1 ! miracle ( wat] turn$ into w9e4 ,! date #acjc1 9 ,arabic num]als1 is on ?is mosaic4 ,9 ! s\?-ea/]n corn]1 ! miracle ( ! loaves4 ,^! mosaics1 plac$ on ei!r side ( ! figure ( ,*ri/1 are emblems ( ,8 "* z ! ,giv] ( ,life4 ,9 ! nor?-we/]n corn]4--,! sacrifice ( a :ite bullock4 ,9 ! s\?-ea/]n corn]4--,! second miracle ( ! loaves4 #ac4 ,on ! ?ird transv]se ar*4--,two sa9ts1 n nam$4 ,! ,f\r? ,bay #ad4 ,9 ! ea/]n lunette4--,to ! left1 ! magi1 on horseback1 guid$ by a />1 on _! way to ,j]usalem2 to ! "r1 ! magi be=e ,h]od4 ,on ! ar* above4--,! bu/s 79 m$allions7 ( ,,ss4 ,abibus1 ,gh\rias1 ,samonas4 #ae4 ,9 ! we/]n lunette4--,elizabe? flee+ ) h] *ild ,john f a soldi] :o pursues h] ) a drawn sword 9 8 h&4 ,! sc5es 9 ! vault h disappe>$4 #af4 ,on ! f\r? transv]se ar*4--,two sa9ts1 n nam$4 ,! ,fif? ,bay #ag4 ,9 ! ea/]n lunette4--,h]od inquir+ ( ! prie/s :]e ! ,*ri/ %\ld be born4 ,! bu/s ( ?ree sa9ts on ! ar* above h disappe>$4 #ah4 ,9 ! we/]n lunette4--,mo!rs at ,be?lehem seat$ on ! gr\nd1 & m\rn+ ! dea? ( _! infant *ildr54 ,! mosaics 9 o!r p>ts ( ?is bay h disappe>$4 ,! ,out] ,bay front+ ! p>ecclesion ,9 ! ea/]n p5d5tive4--,to ! left 7#ai7 ! heal+ ( a p>alytic2 to ! "r 7#bj7 ! heal+ ( ! man sick ( ! dropsy4 #ba4 ,9 ! we/]n p5d5tive4--,to ! left1 ! heal+ ( ano!r p>alytic2 to ! "r1 ,*ri/ ) ! ,sam>itan woman at ! well ( ,sy*>2 9 ! lunette1 ! massacre ( ! ,innoc5ts at ,be?lehem4 #bb4 ,9 ! s\!rn lunette4--,to ! left1 ,h]od ord]s ! massacre ( ! ,innoc5ts at ,be?lehem2 to ! "r1 ! massacre ( ! ,innoc5ts4 ,! o!r mosaics 9 ?is bay h disappe>$4 ,! ,inn] ,bay front+ ! p>ecclesion #bc4 ,9 ! vault4--,9 ! s\?-we/]n corn]4 ,unc]ta94 ,possibly1 ! fall ( ! idols 9 ,egypt at ! pres5ce ( ! ,holy ,*ild2 to ! s\? ( t sc5e1 ,zac*aeus on ! sycamore tree4 ,,inn] ,,n>!x ,fir/ ,bay 7at ! s\? end ( ! n>!x7 #bd4 ,on ! s(fit ( ! fir/ transv]se ar*4--,to ! ea/1 ! heal+ ( ! man ) a )]$ arm2 to ! we/1 ! heal+ ( a lep]4 ,s\? ,dome #be4 ,9 ! cr[n4--,*ri/ ! ,pantokrator4 ,9 ! flut+s1 ?irty-n9e figures1 arrang$ 9 two ti]s1 repres5t+ ! ance/ors ( ,*ri/ f ,adam to ,esrom1 ,japhet1 & ! elev5 sons ( ,jacob n 9 ! l9e ( ance/ry4 #bf4 ,on ! s\?-ea/]n p5d5tive4--,! heal+ ( ! woman ) a bloody issue4 #bg4 ,on ! nor?-ea/]n p5d5tive4--,! heal+ ( ,pet]'s "m-9-law4 #bh4 ,on ! s\?-we/]n p5d5tive4--,! heal+ ( a deaf & dumb man4 #bi4 ,on ! nor?-we/]n p5d5tive4--,! heal+ ( two bl9d m5 at ,j]i*o4 #cj4 ,on ! ea/]n wall bel[ ! dome1 colossal figures ( ,m>y & ,*ri/1 te*nically nam$ ! ,desis4 #ca4 ,on ! opposite wall4--,*ri/ heal+ div]s diseases4 ,! mosaics 9 ! ?ree o!r bays ( ?is n>!x depict sc5es 9 ! life ( ,m>y z describ$ 9 ! apocryphal ,protoevangelium ( ,s4 ,james & o!r apocryphal ,gospels4#edc ,fir/ ,bay 7at nor!rn end74--,! ,nor? ,dome #cb4 ,9 ! c5tre4--,! ,!otokos2 9 ! flut+s1 tw5ty-sev5 figures arrang$ 9 two ti]s repres5t+ sixte5 royal ance/ors ( ,*ri/1 f ,david to ,sala?iel1 & ,mel*is$ec1 ,ananias1 ,az>ias1 ,misael1 ,daniel1 ,jo%ua1 ,moses1 ,a>on1 ,ur1 ,samuel1 ,job4 #cc4 ,9 ! nor?-ea/]n p5d5tive4--,! sc5e has disappe>$4 #cd4 ,9 ! s\?-ea/]n p5d5tive4--,s4 ,joa*im 7,m>y's fa!r7 ) 8 %eep 9 ! des]t1 pray+ & m\rn+ t 8 (f]+s h be5 reject$ because he 0 *ildless4 #ce4 ,9 ! nor?-we/]n p5d5tive4--,! ,high ,prie/ judg+ ,m>y4 #cf4 ,9 ! s\?-we/]n p5d5tive4--,! ,annunciation to ,m>y4 #cg4 ,9 ! ea/]n lunette bel[ ! dome4--,! ,annunciation to ,s4 ,anna1 ! "m ( ,m>y4 #ch4 ,on ! s(fit ( ! transv]se ar* betwe5 ! fir/ & second bays4--,to ! ea/1 ! meet+ ( ,s4 ,anna & ,s4 ,joa*im2 to ! we/1 ,joseph tak+ leave ( ,m>y be=e 8 home1 & proce$+ to 8 "w 9 ano!r "p ( ! c\ntry1 accompani$ by a s]vant4 ,second ,bay #ci4 ,9 ! ea/]n lunette4--,! bir? ( ,m>y4 #dj4 ,9 ! we/]n lunette4--,joseph receiv+ ! rod :i* m>ks him ! successful suitor = ,m>y's h&1 & tak+ h] z 8 bride-elect4 #da4 ,9 ! vault4--,to ! ea/1 ,m>y held 9 ! arms ( ,s4 ,joa*im1 receiv+ ! bless+ ( ?ree prie/s seat$ at a banquet2 to ! we/1 ! *ild ,m>y c>ess$ by h] p>5ts4 ,?is sc5e %[s mu* feel+4 #db4 ,on ! s(fit ( ! transv]se ar*4--,to ! ea/1 ,m>y tak+ h] fir/ sev5 /eps ,greek3 h heptabmatiz\sa2 to ! we/1 ! high prie/ pray+ be=e ! rods1 "o ( :i*1 by blossom+1 w designate ! future husb& ( ,m>y4 #dc4 ,on ! ea/]n wall1 to ! nor? ( ! ma9 entrance into ! *ur*4--,! ,apo/le ,pet] ) ! keys 9 8 h&4 ,! ,?ird ,bay #dd4 ,9 ! lunette ov] ! ma9 entrance to ! *ur*4--,!odore ,meto*ites on 8 knees (f]+ ! *ur* to ,*ri/ seat$ on a ?rone4 ,! leg5d ,greek3 ho kttr logo!ts t\ g5nik\ ,!odros ho ,meto*its4#edd ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,xci4 ,sebah & ,joailli]4 7#a7 ,s4 ,,savi\r ,,9 ,,! ,,*ora4 ,,mosaic ,,repres5t+ ,,! ,,regi/ration ,,( ,,joseph ,,& ,,m>y ,,at ,,be?lehem4 ,sebah & ,joailli]4 7#b7 ,s4 ,,savi\r ,,9 ,,! ,,*ora4 ,,mosaic ,,repres5t+ ,,!odore ,,meto*ites ,,(f]+ ,,! ,,*ur* ,,to ,,*ri/4 ,to face page #cbf4 #de4 ,9 ! we/]n lunette4--,m>y receiv+ purple & sc>let wool to weave 9 ! veil ( ! temple4 #df4 ,9 ! vault4--,on ! ea/1 ,m>y admitt$ to ! ,holy ( ,holies :5 ?ree ye>s ( age1 le/ %e %\ld g back to ! _w2 on ! we/1 ! procession ( maid5s escort+ ,m>y to ! temple4 #dg4 ,! ?ird transv]se ar*4--,to ! ea/1 ,m>y 9 ! temple receiv+ bread f ! ar*angel ,gabriel2 to ! we/1 ,m>y 9 ! temple receiv+ in/ruction4 #dh4 ,on ! ea/]n wall1 to ! s\? side ( ! ma9 entrance to ! *ur*4--,! ,apo/le ,paul4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #aae4--,,model ,,( ,,! ,,*ur* ,,( ,s4 ,,savi\r ,,9 ,,! ,,*ora4 ,! sc5es repres5t$ on ^! mosaics are n peculi> to ?is *ur*1 b are a selection f cycles ( subjects :i* f ! elev5? c5tury became fav\rite !mes = pictorial treatm5t on ! walls ( important *ur*es 9 ! ,byzant9e _w4 ,sev]al ( ^! sc5es are f\nd portray$ also at ,daphni1 ,mi/ra1 ,s4 ,sophia at ,kiev1 9 ! *ur*es ( ,mt4 ,a?os1 on dipty*s & manuscripts1#ede z well z 9 ! *apel ( ! ar5a at ,padua4 ,! cycle ( subjects tak5 f ! life ( ,m>y 0 develop$ ma9ly 9 ,syria1 & ,s*mitt#edf goes s f> z to ma9ta9 t ! mosaics ( ! ,*ora are copies ( ,syrian mosaics execut$ by a ,syrian arti/1 :5 ! *ur* 0 re/or$ 9 ! n9? c5tury by ,mi*ael ,syncellus1 :o1 x w be rememb]$1 came f ,syria4 ,kondak(f assigns mo/ ( ! mosaics to ! ,comn5ian re/oration ( ! *ur* by ,m>ia ,duca5a 9 ! elev5? or twelf? c5tury4 ,"o ( !m at lea/1 ! ,desis1 has surviv$2 & !re may be o!rs ( t p]iod1 =1 z t mosaic proves1 ! n>!x ( ! *ur* 0 decorat$ :5 ! *ur* 0 re/or$ by t b5efactress ( ! ,*ora4 ,b ! te/imony ( ,nicephorus ,gregoras1#edg ( ,!odore ,meto*ites1#edh & ! date m>k$ on ! sc5e repres5t+ ! miracle ( ! w9e at ,cana1 on ! "r ( ! figure ( ,*ri/ ov] ! door lead+ f ! out] to ! inn] n>!x1 prove ^! mosaics to be z a :ole ! production ( ! f\rte5? c5tury4 ,& ?is conclusion is confirm$ by _! unlik5ess to mosaic "w 9 ! twelf? c5tury1 & by _! aff9ity to o!r "w ( ! same "* done 9 ! f\rte5? c5tury4#edi ,9 fact1 ! mosaics 9 ! ,*ora repres5t a rem>kable revival 9 ! hi/ory ( ,byzant9e art4 ,!y are *>act]is$ by a comp>ative fre$om f tradition1 by clos] approximation to reality & nature1 by a *>m & a sympa!tic quality1 & by a s*eme ( col\r t indicate ! com+ ( a new age & _s4 ,curi\sly en\gh1 !y are contempor>y ) ! frescoes ( ,giotto at ,padua 7#acjc-acjf74 ,b :atev] po9ts ( simil>ity may be detect$ betwe5 !m & ! "w ( ! ,italian arti/1 or betwe5 !m & ! ,italian s*ool be=e ,giotto1 %\ld be expla9$ z due to a common /ock ( traditions & to ! simultane\s awak5+ ( a new intellectual & arti/ic life 9 ! ,ea/ & ! ,we/1 r ?an to any direct influ5ce ( "o s*ool ( art ^u ano!r4 ,! mosaics ( ! ,*ora are ?or\ghly ,byzant9e4#eej ,! ,frescoes 9 ! ,p>ecclesion3-- #a4 ,r\nd ! apse3 ,six ,fa!rs ( ! ,*ur* 7only "o figure rema9s1 & t badly damag$4 ,no names are inscrib$74 #b4 ,9 ! vault ( ! apse3 a full-l5g? figure ( ,*ri/ 9 a vesica dott$ ) />s4 ,on ei!r side are gr\ps ( figures4 #c4 ,9 ! cr[n ( ! apse-ar*3 an angel 9 a m$allion4 #d4 ,9 ! nor!rn wall1 next ! apse3 ,*ri/ ) two att5dants2 9 ! backgr\nd a wall$ city4 ,! ,ea/]n ,bay4 ,on ! nor!rn wall3 #e4 ,above ! ar*$ recess3 two m$allion heads ( ,,ss4 ,s]gius & ,bac*us4 #f4 ,portions ( ! figure ( a w>rior4 #g4 ,9 ! ar* above ,nos4 #e & #f3 ! ,gate ( ,p>adise4 #h4 ,9 ! c5tre1 "o ( ! *]ubims on a pill>4 ,on ! left h&1 a multitude1 pa9t$ on black backgr\nd outside ,p>adise2 on ! "r1 ,p>adise1 a g>d5 full ( trees on a :ite backgr\nd4 ,"h also are ,john ! ,bapti/ & a figure1 probably ! ,virg9 & ,*ild1 on a ?rone1 att5d$ by two angels4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #aaf4--,,plan ,,( ,,! ,,p>ecclesion1 ,,indicat+ ,,positions ,,( ,,its ,,frescoes4 ,on ! s\!rn wall3 #h4 ,a portion ( ! figure ( an arm$ angel4 ,above ,no4 #h & at ! side ( ! w9d[3 #i4 ,two m5 c>ry+ a bi] or plat=m4 ,9 front ( !m a ?ird p]son giv+ directions4 #aj4 ,9 ! ar*$ recess3 full-l5g? figures ( ,&ronicus ,,ii4 & 8 family4 ,9 ! s(fit ( ! ar*1 ! head ( ,*ri/ 9 a m$allion1 ) rays issu+ f beh9d ! aureola4 #aa4 & #ab4 ,9 ! sp&rils above ! recess3 two heads 9 m$allions4 #ac4 ,9 ! dome vault3 ! ,la/ ,judgm5t4 ,*ri/ 9 judgm5t fills ! c5tre2 beh9d ,him are ! tw5ty-f\r eld]s seat$ on a long ?rone2 f>!r back is ga!r$ ! heav5ly ho/4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,xcii4 ,s4 ,,savi\r ,,9 ,,! ,,*ora4 ,,ar*ivolt ,,on ,,! ,,s\? ,,wall ,,( ,,! ,,p>ecclesion1 ,,) ,,! ,,epitaph ,,9 ,,hon\r ,,( ,,tornikes4 ,to face page #ccj4 #ad4 ,on ! nor?-ea/]n p5d5tive3 ! ,virg9 & ,*ild 9 a ,p>adise1 ) trees on a :ite backgr\nd4 #ae4 ,on ! s\?-ea/]n p5d5tive3 ! ,m\? ( ,hell4 #af4 ,on ! s\? pila/] ( ! dome3 an arm$ angel4 #ag4 ,above t angel1 on ! ar*3 a man be>+ ! ,sev5-,bran*$ ,c&le/ick1 & beside him ano!r man be>+ ) bo? h&s "s object above 8 head1 p]haps ! ,table ( ,%ew ,bread4 #ah4 ,on ! nor!rn pila/]3 a w>rior4 #ai4 ,9 ! c5tre ( ! ar*3 ! ,head ( ,*ri/ 9 a m$allion4 ,! ,we/]n ,bay4 #bj4 ,at ! s\?-we/]n corn] :]e ! wall is mu* damag$1 a sa9t4 #ba4 ,above ,no4 #bj1 to ! we/ ( ! w9d[3 ,*ri/ appe>+ to ,8 disciples4 #bb4 ,to ! ea/ ( ! w9d[1 an indi/9ct sc5e1 p]haps ! ,entombm5t4 #bc4 ,at ! nor?-we/]n corn]3 ,s4 ,samona4 #bd4 ,a sa9t1 n nam$4 #be4 ,ov] ! door two sa9ts1 "o ( :om holds a cross4 #bf4 ,! nor!rn ar*way3 ,9 ! c5tre is ! door to ! n>r[ passage betwe5 ! p>ecclesion & ! *ur*4 ,to ! left1 ,jacob's ,ladd]2 to ! "r1 ,moses at ! ,burn+ ,bu%4 ,9 ! bu% is a m$allion ( ! ,virg9 & ,*ild1 & f ! bu% an angel addresses ,moses1 :o holds 8 veil 9 8 h&4 #bg1 #bh1 #bi1 #cj4 ,9 ! p5d5tives ( ! dome3 ! ,f\r ,evangeli/s sitt+ at desks4 #ca4 ,! dome is divid$ into twelve segm5ts by ribs1 & is pi]c$ by twelve w9d[s4 ,above ea* w9d[ is an angel hold+ a spe>1 & bel[ him is ! leg5d ',holy4' ,9 ! cr[n are ! ,virg9 & ,*ild 9 a m$allion4 #cb4 ,a sa9t hold+ a small cross2 bel[1 9 ! s\? wall1 ! ar*ivolt ) ! epitaph to ,tornikes above x4 #cc4 ,a w>rior sa9t ) 8 sword & %ield4 #cd4 ,above ,nos4 #cb & #cc on ! ar*1 a figure1 clad 9 a :ite mantle & blue robe ) a scroll 9 8 h&1 po9ts to an angel1 :o holds 8 drawn sword 9 ! "r h& & ! scabb>d 9 ! left h&1 & seems to be attack+ sev]al p]sons 9 ! "r-h& corn]4 ,beh9d him is a wall$ & =tifi$ city1 probably ,j]i*o4 #ce4 ,on ! nor? wall3 ,s4 ,eutadius4 #cf4 ,! ,adoration by ! magi4 #cg1 #ch4 ,on ! we/ wall3 ! figures ( two sa9ts1 n nam$4 ,epitaph 9 hon\r ( ,tornikes3-- ,greek3 hos\s an ha?roizoi tis en?ade krot\s nekr\s ho tapheis exel5xei ,torniks1 ho tris ari/eus kon/aulos megas1 hsp] mim\s1 belti/e1 pi?k\s leon4 hos1 basilikn apote*!is haimatn1 #e p>es*5 autois prosphy kai ton tropon4 poion g> ouk n arets eidos ph]n1 hs ho prepn heka/on eztei *ronos8 b\lphoros d' oun1 kai pro ts hlikias kai dmaggos1 kai krits n an*9\s4 #aj kai pros m5 e*?r\s taktikn epnei phloga1 k]aunos n aphyktos autois a?roois1 t de /ratia patriks epe/atei1 phr\rn ta ko9a1 m klap to symph]on4 kd\s de ty*n eug5\s kai kosmi\ #ae kai basilikon proslabn au?is g5os kai lampron hypodeigma p>eis ton bion1 keitai mona/s eutels en o/eois4 hlie kai g kai teleutaioi krotoi4 p5!i de mikr\ pan to ,rhmain g5os1 #bj hoson p] auton agno\n ou tyn*anei4 all' mone1 zn kai me?i/n tas physeis1 ei p\ ti kai pepra*5 aut m prepon lys9 p>as*n tn ,ed5 klron did\4 ,9 l9e #g ! inscription reads 99,greek3 phcrn99 in/ead ( ,greek3 ph]n2 9 l9e #bc 99,greek3 propon99 = ,greek3 prepon4 ,good ,fri5d6 ,h[ev] _m dead applauses 7celebrities7 ,"o may collect "h1 ,! entomb$ ,tornikes1 :o 0 ?rice a =emo/ man or ,gr& ,con/able1 ,w put !m to %ame z a lion w put to %ame mimick+ apes4 ,he :o 0 by bir? ( royal blood1 ,pres5t$ also a mann] ( life con=m$ to t desc5t4 ,= :at =m ( virtue did he n possess ,su* z ! fitt+ occasion dem&$ ea*8 ,!re=e he 0 a c\ncillor be=e ! usual age1 ,& a popul> lead] & an acute judge1 ,& ^u enemies he brea!d a /rategic flame 7su* z milit>y rules requir$71 ,& 0 an irresi/ible ?und]bolt ^u _! s]ri$ ranks4 ,he presid$ ov] ! army l a fa!r1 ,gu>d+ ! commonweal le/ any advantage to x %\ld be /ol54 ,contract+ a highly-born & seemly m>riage connection1 ,& secur+ ?us aga9 royal aff9ity1#eea ,& leav+ 8 life z a spl5did example1 ,he lies a poor monk among bones6 ,o sun1 ,o e>?1 ,o f9al applauses6 ,well-nigh ! :ole ,roman race lam5ts him1 ,z mu* ( x z is n ignorant ( him4 ,b ,o only liv+ ,"o & trans=m] ( natures1 ,if p]*ance he did aught t 0 n fitt+ = him1 ,grant+ him p>don1 give him ,ed5 z 8 inh]itance4#eeb #edb ,diehl1 tudes byzant9es3 ,les mosaques de ,kahri ,djami4 #edc ,an ,engli% translation ( ! ,protoevangelium is f\nd 9 ! ,ante-,nic5e ,*ri/ian ,libr>y1 vol4 xvi4 #edd ,! rem>kable head-dress he we>s 0 giv5 him z a special di/9ction by ! ,emp]or ,&ronicus ,,ii4 ,palaeologus4 ,! poet ,philes 7ode #da 9 ! app5dix to vol4 ii4 ( 8 works1 l9es #aag-ai7 says ,greek3 phor\nta *rysn ery?ran tn kalyptran hn dron aut synane*onti kratos ,anax ho lampros ,&ronikos p>es*e4 #ede ,a "w reproduc+1 "u ! ,pope's au?ority1 ! eighty-two m9iatures illu/rat+ ! ,life ( ! ,madonna1 :i* 0 compos$ by a monk ,james 9 ! twelf? c5tury 7,cod4 ,vatic4 ,gr4 #aafb71 is ann\nc$ 7,danesi1 ,editore1 ,roma1 #aiaa71 ) a preface & descriptions ( ! m9iatures by ,cosimo ,/ornajolo4 ,! m9iatures are said to rival ^? ( ! ,greek ,codex #ajbh 9 ! ,national ,libr>y 9 ,p>is4 #edf ,op4 cit4 pp4 #acd-da4 #edg i4 p4 #cjc4 #edh ,c>m9a 7ed4 ,treu71 ,a4 #ajjd1 #ajci-ajdb2 ,b4 #cbb-ccd4 #edi ,diehl1 tudes byzant9es3 ,les mosaques de ,kahri ,djami4 #eej ,see on ! :ole subject1 ,c4 ,diehl1 9 ! ,gazette des ,beaux-,arts1 troisime priode1 tome #cc1 & 9 8 ,manuel d'art byzant91 pp4 #gcb-da2 ,s*mitt 9 8 monograph on ! ,*ora2 ,mhlmann1 ,ar*iv fr *ri/li*e ,kun/1 #ahhf-hg4 #eea ,alludes to 8 m>riage ) a relative ( ! imp]ial family4 #eeb ,9 ! translation ,i h be5 assi/$ by ,sir ,w4 ,m4 ,ramsay1 ,pr(essor ,bury1 & ,mr4 ,e4 ,m4 ,antoniadi4 ,! mean+ ( ,greek3 teleutaioi krotoi is n cle>4 ,v>i\s int]pretations h be5 sugge/$2 to read ,greek3 brotoi1 mortals1 in/ead ( ,greek3 krotoi1 & to con/rue ,greek3 teleutaioi adv]bially1 'f9ally1 ,o mortals6'2 to und]/& a ref]5ce to ! judgm5t day1 ',o applauses giv5 at ! f9al judgm5t'2 to take ! phrase z equival5t to1 ',o celebrities at 7or to7 ! v end ( "t'2 to und]/& x z signify+ ! eulogies actually giv5 to ! deceas$ by ! poet4 ,pr(essor ,t5ds1 ( ,a!ns1 :om ,i ?ank = 8 c\rtesy 9 ?is connection1 sugge/s t ! mean+ is simil> to t ( ! phrase ,greek3 ta teleutaia 9 ! mod]n ,greek =m ( eulogy1 ,greek3 ekame polla1 alla ta teleutaia t\4444 ',he did _m ?+s1 b 8 la/ p]=mances6' 7surpass$ all 8 previ\s de$s74 ,"h ! mean+ w\ld !re=e be1 ',o gr&e/ a*ievem5ts t m5 praise6' ,,*apt] ,,xxv ,,! ,,dat+ ,,& ,,! ,,classification ,,( ,,! ,,*ur*es ,! dat+ ( ! ,con/ant9ople *ur*es is a problem ( great difficulty1 &1 9 ! abs5ce ( docum5t>y evid5ce1 we mu/ (t5 be cont5t$ ) v indef9ite sugge/ions4 ,_m *ur*es are kn[n to h be5 f\nd$ at dates :i* are evid5tly e>li] ?an ! exi/+ build+s1 & h app>5tly be5 rebuilt at "s lat] date ( :i* ! record has be5 lo/4 ,o!r *ur*es are kn[n to h be5 'repair$1' & "h ! "q ( h[ f> 'repair' means 'rebuild+' is sometimes insoluble4 ,repair may mean simply a fre% coat ( pa9t4 ,! ar*itectural *>act]i/ics af=d a c]ta9 clue1 & ! foll[+ *ronological s*eme has be5 drawn up by _! guidance3-- ,! pre-,ju/9ian p]iod is *>act]is$ by simple con/ruction & detail ( a late ,roman type4 ,( ?is we h "o example--! basilica ( ,s4 ,john ( ! ,/udion1 f\nd$ ab\t #dfc4 ,! exi/+ build+ appe>s to be orig9al4 ,! ,ju/9ian p]iod comm5ces ) ! beg9n+ ( ! six? c5tury4 ,x is *>act]is$ by ! developm5t ( ! drumless dome on p5d5tives4 ,! plan is complicat$1 & ! build+s are l>ge 9 comp>ison ) ^? ( lat] date4 ,to ?is p]iod belong ,,ss4 ,s]gius & ,bac*us 7#ebg ,a4,d471 ! bapti/]y ( ,s4 ,sophia1 & ! ',great ,*ur*' ( ,s4 ,sophia itself4 ,s4 ,&rew 9 ,krisei & ,s4 ,savi\r 9 ! ,*ora probably date f ?is p]iod4 ,! c>v$ detail ( ! =m] closely resembles t ( ,,ss4 ,s]gius & ,bac*us1 & ! plan ( ! latt] connects x ) ,s4 ,sophia1 ,salonica 7six? c5tury74 ,! ,ju/9ian p]iod r\ghly includes ! sev5? c5tury1 & is foll[$ by a long decl9e1 m>k$ by ! great iconocla/ic controv]sy :i* la/$ almo/ until ! middle ( ! n9? c5tury4 ,to ?is p]iod belongs ,s4 ,ir5e 7#gdj ,a4,d474 ,9 plan x is a d\ble-dom$ cross *ur*4 ,9 ! arrangem5t ( ! dome-ar*es & gall]ies x resembles ,s4 ,!odosia1 :il/ 9 ! pres5ce ( a we/]n gall]y ov] ! n>!x & 9 ! numb] ( columns 9 ! 'nave arcade' x is l ,s4 ,sophia4 ,! accession ( ,basil ! ,mac$onian 7#hfg ,a4,d47 m>ks ! beg9n+ ( ! second great p]iod--! ',basilian ,r5aissance4' ,we "k t ?is 0 a p]iod ( great religi\s activity1 & ?\gh we h1 un=tunately1 no kn[n dates to guide u1 ! developm5t ( plan leads u to place a gr\p ( *ur*es 9 ! n9?1 t5?1 & elev5? c5turies4 ,^! are ,s4 ,m>y ,pammak>i/os1 ,s4 ,m>y ,pana*rantos1 ,s4 ,!odosia1 ,s4 ,m>y ,diaconissa1 & ,,ss4 ,pet] & ,m>k4 ,!y are all *ur*es ( consid]able size2 ,s4 ,m>y ,diaconissa & ,s4 ,!odosia be+ inde$ l>ge4 ,!y are *>act]is$ by ! use ( ! ambulatory & dom$ cross plans4 ,! c>v+ is co>se & ! capitals are ( ! clumsy ,byzant9e ,cor9?ian type4 ,! dome is rais$ on a high drum 9 ,s4 ,m>y ,pammak>i/os & ,s4 ,m>y ,pana*rantos1 ?\gh ?is may be a lat] addition4 ,! domes ( ! o!r ?ree *ur*es seem to be ,turki%4 ,s4 ,m>y ,pammak>i/os & ! s\? *ur* 9 ,s4 ,m>y ,pana*rantos are id5tical 9 plan ) ,s4 ,&rew 9 ,krisei1 & x w\ld be possible to date !m e>li] _h we any evid5ce :atsoev]4 ,un=tunately bo? h be5 v mu* alt]$4 ,s4 ,!odosia1 ,s4 ,m>y ,diaconissa1 & ,,ss4 ,pet] & ,m>k1 tak5 9 ?is ord]1 =m a s]ies %[+ ! gradual disappe>ance ( ! gall]ies & ! evolution ( ! dom$ cross *ur* into ! 'f\r column$' *ur* ( ! next p]iod4 ,! ,myrelaion 7#iai-ide71 if ! pres5t *ur* is ( t date1 is an unusually e>ly example ( ?is f\r-column$ type4 ,x is g5]ally consid]$ t ?is plan type dates at ! e>lie/ f ! elev5? c5tury4 ,!re is1 h[ev]1 no reason to believe t ! *ur* 0 rebuilt lat]2 x is a p]fectly normal example ( its class1 & n[h]e is an e>ly example m probable ?an 9 ,con/ant9ople4 ,! ,myrelaion may accord+ly be tak5 z m>k+ ! comm5cem5t ( ! late ,byzant9e p]iod 9 ,con/ant9ople4 ,! *ur*es are n[ small]2 ! gynecaeum1 :]e pres5t1 is plac$ ov] ! n>!x2 ! use ( patt]n+ 9 ! brickwork ( ! ext]ior1 :i* occurs 9 "s ( ! ,basilian *ur*es 7e4g4 ! cornice ( ,s4 ,!odosia71 n[ becomes important1 & alt]nate c\rs+ 9 brick & /one is us$ ) great effect4 ,f ?is "t onw>ds n>!xes 7 frequ5tly add$ to ! exi/+ *ur*es4 ,s4 ,savi\r ,pantokrator 7#aaah-aadc ,a4,d47 is ! l>ge/ late *ur* 9 ,con/ant9ople1 & is an unusually l>ge *ur* ( its type4 ,s4 ,savi\r ,pantepoptes 7#ajha-aaah71 ,s4 ,!odore1 & ,s4 ,john 9 ,trullo1 belong to ! same class4 ,! la/1 ) its circul> dome & apse1 is probably ! late/ ( ! ?ree4 ,s4 ,!kla 7#ajeg-ajei7 & ,bogdan ,s]ai are examples ( hall *ur*es ( ! same p]iod4 ,! mona/]y ( ,manuel 0 f\nd$ 9 #hbi-hdb ,a4,d41 b ! build+ believ$ to be ! refectory is probably mu* lat]4 ,z "p ( ! mona/]y x might1 ( c\rse1 h be5 built at any date subsequ5t to ! f\ndation ( ! ,h\se4 ,! ar*itecture ( ! ,sanjakd> does n correspond to ! date ( ! f\ndation ( ! mona/]y ( ! ,ga/ria 9 ! n9? c5tury4 ,! build+ is c]ta9ly ( late date1 subsequ5t to ! elev5? c5tury4 ,( ! ,balaban ,mesj$i x is impossible to say any?+4 ,x is ! remnant ( "s ,byzant9e /ructure4 ,f #abjd to #abfa1 dur+ ! ,lat9 ,empire1 we ne$ n look = mu* build+ 9 ! ,greek ,*ur*4 ,soon aft] ! fall ( t empire comes ! erection ( ,s4 ,m>y ( ! ,mongols 7#abfa-abhb7 & ,mona/ir ,jamissi 7#abhb-acbh74 ,9 bo? cases ! ar*itectural "* is :at we %\ld expect4 ,foll[+ on ?is we h1 9 ! f\rte5? c5tury1 ! alt]ations made 9 ,s4 ,savi\r 9 ! ,*ora 7c4 #acjj71 & ! p>ecclesion ( ! ,pammak>i/os 7c4 #acae74 ,?is 0 ! la/ ef=t ( pure ,byzant9e ar*itecture 9 ,con/ant9ople4 ,dur+ ! hundr$ ye>s prec$+ ! ,turki% conque/ 9 #adec ! gradually increas+ pressure f ! ,ea/ put a /op to all ar*itectural s*emes2 ! craftsm5 & arti/s fl$ to ,italy1 & !re took _! "p 9 ! great revival kn[n z ',! ,r5aissance4' ,,sugge/$ ,,*ronological ,,table ,c5tury4 ,v4 ,s4 ,john ( ! ,/udion1 #dfc4 ,,vi4 ,,ss4 ,s]gius & ,bac*us1 #ebg-cf4 ,s4 ,sophia1 #ecb-cg4 ,s4 ,savi\r 9 ! ,*ora 7! ,ju/9ian f\ndation74 ,s4 ,&rew 9 ,krisei4 ,,viii4 ,s4 ,ir5e1 #gdj4 ,s4 ,m>y ,pana*rantos 7,s\? ,*ur*72 possibly e>li]4 ,s4 ,m>y ,pammak>i/os2 possibly e>li]4 ,,ix4 ,s4 ,!odosia4 ,s4 ,m>y ,diaconissa4 ,,ss4 ,pet] & ,m>k4 ,x4 ,! ,myrelaion4 ,s4 ,m>y ,pana*rantos 7,s\? ,*ur*74 ,,xi4 ,s4 ,!kla4 ,s4 ,savi\r 9 ! ,*ora 7re/oration 9 ! reign ( ,alexius ,i4 ,comn5us74 ,s4 ,savi\r ,pantepoptes4 ,s4 ,savi\r ,pantokrator4 ,,xii4 ,s4 ,!odore4 ,s4 ,john 9 ,trullo4 ,refectory ( ! mona/]y ( ,manuel8 ,bogdan ,s]ai8 ,,xiii4 ,s4 ,m>y ( ! ,mongols4 ,mona/ir ,jamissi4 ,,xiv4 ,s4 ,savi\r 9 ! ,*ora1 #acjf4 ,f9al re/oration by ,!odore ,meto*ites4 ,p>ecclesion ( ! *ur* ( ,s4 ,m>y ,pammak>i/os1 c4 #acae4 ,sanjakd> ,mesj$i 7,ga/ria78 ,balaban ,mesj$i8 ,,classification ,,( ,,! ,,*ur*es ,,accord+ ,,to ,,_! ,,type ,basilica4--,s4 ,john ( ! ,/udion4 ,octagon4--,,ss4 ,s]gius & ,bac*us4 ,dom$ ,basilica4--,s4 ,savi\r 9 ! ,*ora4 ,ambulatory4--,s4 ,&rew 9 ,krisei2 ,s4 ,m>y ,pana*rantos 7,s\? ,*ur*72 ,s4 ,m>y ,pammak>i/os4 ,dom$ ,cross ,*ur*4--,s4 ,ir5e2 ,s4 ,!odosia2 ,s4 ,m>y ,diaconissa2 ,,ss4 ,pet] & ,m>k4 ,f\r ,column ,*ur*4--,myrelaion2 ,s4 ,savi\r ,pantepoptes2 ,s4 ,savi\r ,pantokrator2 ,s4 ,john 9 ,trullo2 ,s4 ,m>y ,pana*rantos 7,nor? ,*ur*72 ,p>ecclesion ( ,s4 ,m>y ,pammak>i/os4 ,foil$ ,plan4--,s4 ,m>y ( ! ,mongols4 ,halls4--,bogdan ,s]ai2 ,c5tral ,*ur* ( ! ,pantokrator2 ,mona/ir ,mesj$i2 ,refectory ( ! mona/]y ( ,manuel2 ,p>ecclesion ( ,s4 ,savi\r 9 ! ,*ora2 ,s4 ,!kla4 ,irregul>4--,sanjakd> ,mesj$i2 ,balaban ,mesj$i4 ,,books ,,consult$ ,,9 ,,! ,,prep>ation ,,( ,,?is ,,"w ,ante-,nic5e ,*ri/ian ,libr>y4 ,an?ologia ,graeca epigrammatum1 ,/adt-,muell]1 #ahid4 ,,antoniadi1 ,e4 ,m4 ,greek3 ,ekphrasis ts ,hagias ,sophias4 ,,b&uri1 ,,anselmi4 ,imp]ium ,ori5tale1 sive ,antiquitates ,con/ant9opolitanae4 ,p>is1 #agaa4 ,,b>onius4 ,annales ecclesia/ici4 ,luccae1 #agda4 ,,bel91 ,m4 ,a4 ,hi/oire de la ,lat9it de ,con/ant9ople4 #bme dition4 ,,bell1 ,miss ,,lo?ian4 ,notes on a ,j\rney ?r\gh ,cilicia & ,lycaonia4 ,,bondelmontius4 ,librum insul>um ,ar*ipelagi4 ,,brockhaus4 ,die ,kun/ 9 d5 ,a?oskl/]n4 ,leipzig1 #ahia4 ,,brunn1 ,,ph4 ,con/ant9ople1 ses sanctuaires et ses rliques au comm5cem5t du ,,xv sicle4 ,odessa1 #ahhc4 ,,butl]4 ,ar*itecture & o!r ,arts1 ,,ii4 ,syria4 ,new ,york1 #aijc4 ,,*evali]1 ,j4 ,b4 ,voyage de la ,propontide et du ,pont-,eux94 ,p>is1 #ahjj4 ,,*oisy4 ,l',art de btir *ez les ,byzant9s4 ,p>is1 #ahhc4 ,,*oiseul-,,g\ffi]4 ,voyage pittoresque en ,grce4 ,,clavijo1 ,,ruy ,,gonzalez ,,de4 ,vida de ,gran ,tamorlan y it9]>io4 ,madrid1 #aghb4 ,,con/antius1 ,patri>*4 ,greek3 ,kon/ant9ias ,palaia te kai ,net]a1 ,anci5t & ,mod]n ,con/ant9ople1 ,translation by ,j4 ,p4 ,br[n4 ,london1 #ahfh2 ,greek3 ,syngraphai hai ,elassones4 ,kn/ant9\polis1 #ahff4 ,corpus ,scriptorum ,hi/oriae ,byzant9ae4 ,bonn4 ,,crusius1 ,m4 ,turcograecia4 ,,dehio und ,bezold4 ,die kir*li*e ,baukun/ des ,ab5dl&es4 ,,de?i]1 ,,ph4 ,a4 ,sige de ,con/ant9ople4 ,,didron4 ,*ri/ian ,iconography 7,translation f ! ,fr5*74 ,london1 #aiaj4 ,,diehl1 ,c4 ,manuel d'art byzant92 ,figures byzant9es4 ,,du ,,cange1 ,c4 ,hi/oria ,byzant9a1 ,p>s ,,ii4 ,con/ant9opolis ,*ri/iana4 ,p>is1 #afhj4poss4 typo = #ahfj8 ,d,,rm4 ,h&bu*4 ,ea/]n ,pale/9e ,memoirs4 ,,eb]solt4 ,le ,gr& ,palais de ,con/ant9ople4 ,,f]gusson1 ,,james4 ,hi/ory ( ,anci5t & ,m$iaeval ,ar*itecture4 ,,f9lay1 ,g4 ,hi/ory ( ! ,byzant9e ,empire4 ,,fre%field1 ,,edw94 ,ar*aeologia4 ,,g>dn]1 ,,miss ,,alice4 ,!odore ( ,/udium4 ,,g]la*4 ,tagebu* d] ,ges&t%aft an die ,ottomanis*e ,p=te dur* ,david ,ungnad1 #aegc-gh4 ,,goodye>1 ,w4 ,h4 ,catalogue ( an ,exhibition ( ,ar*itectural ,ref9em5ts4 ,ed9burgh1 #aije4 ,,gyllius1 ,p4 ,de ,con/ant9opoleos ,topographia4 ,elzevir ed4 #afcb4 ,de ,bosporo ,?racio4 ,elzevir ed4 #afcb4 ,,hasluck1 ,f4 ,w4 ,bi?ynica4 ,,h5d]son1 ,a4 ,e4 ,build]1 ,janu>y #aijf4 ,,kanitz4 ,s]bi5s byzant9is*e ,monum5te4 ,,khitrovo1 ,madame de4 ,it9raires russes 7,translation f ,russian74 ,,lab>te1 ,,jules4 ,le ,palais imprial de ,con/ant9ople4 ,,lampakis1 ,pr(essor4 ,les ,antiquits *rti5nes de la ,grce4 ,a!ns1 #aijb4 ,,l5oir4 ,ar*itecture mona/ique au moy5 ge4 ,,le?aby4 ,m$iaeval ,art4 ,,le?aby & ,swa9son4 ,sancta ,sophia4 ,,leunclavius4 ,p&ectes hi/oriae ,turcicae4 7,migne1 vol4 clix47 ,,mansi4 ,sacrorum ,conciliorum collectio4 ,,m>91 ,abb4 ,les ,mo9es de ,con/ant9ople4 ,,migne4 ,patrologia ,graeca4 ,,miklosi* et ,m,,ll]4 ,acta et diplomata ,graeca4 ,vi5na1 #ahfe4 ,,mill+51 ,a4 ,,van4 ,byzant9e ,con/ant9ople4 ,,mordtmann4 ,esquisse topographique de ,con/ant9ople4 ,m,,hlmann4 ,ar*iv fr *ri/li*e ,kun/1 #ahhf-hg4 ,,muralt1 ,,d\>d ,,de4 ,essai de *ronographie byzant9e4 ,g5eva1 #ahgc4 ,,notitia ,,dignitatum4 ,ed4 ,seeck4 ,,p>goire1 ,pre ,j4 ,les ,mamas de ,con/ant9ople4 ,,p>k]4 ,gloss>y ( ,ar*itecture4 ,,paspates1 ,a4 ,greek3 ,meletai ,byzant9ai4 ,! ,great ,palace4 ,translation f ! ,greek by ,mr4 ,metcalfe4 ,,philes4 ,c>m9a4 ,,pulgh]1 ,d4 ,les glises byzant9es de ,con/ant9ople4 ,vi5na1 #ahgh4 ,,ramsay1 ,sir ,william1 & ,miss ,lo?ian ,bell4 ,! ,?\s& & ,"o ,*ur*es4 ,,riant1 ,conte de4 ,exuviae sacrae4 ,,rivoira1 ,t4 ,g4 ,lomb>dic ,ar*itecture4 7,translation f ,italian47 ,london1 #aiaj4 ,,rott1 ,h4 ,kle9asiatis*e ,d5kml]4 ,leipzig1 #aijh4 ,,salz5b]g4 ,alt*ri/li*e ,baud5kml] ,con/ant9opels4 ,,sc>latus ,,byzantius4 ,greek3 ,h ,kn/ant9\polis4 ,a!ns1 #ahfb4 ,,s*lumb]g]1 ,g4 ,l'pope byzant9e la f9 du sixime sicle4 ,,s*mitt1 ,f4 ,g4 ,kahri ,djamissi4 ,,s*ultz & ,b>nsley4 ,! ,mona/]y ( ,s4 ,luke ( ,/iris4 ,london1 #aija4 ,,s*weigg]1 ,,solomon4 ,e9 neue ,reyssbes*reibung auss ,deuts*l& na* ,con/ant9opel1 #aeha4 ,,sid]ides4 ,articles 9 ! ,proce$+s ( ! ,greek ,syllogos ( ,con/ant9ople4 ,,socrates4 ,ecclesia/ical ,hi/ory4 ,,/rzyg[ski1 ,j4 ,ori5t od] ,rom4 ,leipzig1 #aija4 ,kle9asi51 ,die byzant9is*5 ,wass]behlt] von4 ,dr4 ,p4 ,=*eim] & ,dr4 ,j4 ,/rzyg[ski4 ,,texi]4 ,f\r volumes ( ,sket*es 9 ! ,libr>y ( ! ,royal ,in/itute ( ,briti% ,ar*itects4 ,london4 ,,texi] ,,& ,,pullan4 ,byzant9e ,ar*itecture4 ,,usp5ski1 ,t4 ,articles 9 ! ,j\rnal ( ! ,russian ,in/itute at ,con/ant9ople4 ,,villeh>d\94 ,la ,conqute de ,con/ant9ople4 ,,vog ,,de4 ,la ,syrie c5trale4 ,,wulff1 ,o4 ,die ,koimisiskir*e 9 ,nikaia4 ,/rasburg1 #aijc4 ,,p]iodicals ,atti della ,r4 ,accademia di ar*eologia1 lett]e1 e belle arte1 vol4 xx4 ,napoli1 #aijj4 ,revue ,ar*ologique4 ,byzant9is*e ,zeits*rift4 ,bullet9 de correspondance hellnique4 ,annual ( ! ,briti% ,s*ool at ,a!ns4 ,proce$+s ( ! ,greek ,syllogos ( ,con/ant9ople4 ,mitteilung5 des ,deuts*5 ,excursions-,club1 ,kon/ant9opel4 ,engli% ,hi/orical ,review4 ,,li/ ,,( ,,emp]ors ,con/ant9e ,i4 ! ,great #cjf-ccg ,con/antius ,,ii4 #ccg-cfa ,julian #cfa-cfc ,jovian #cfc-cfd ,val5s #cfd-cgh ,!odosius ,i4 ! ,great #cgh-cie ,arcadius #cie-djh ,!odosius ,,ii4 #djh-dej ,m>cian #dej-deg ,leo ,i4 #deg-dgd ,leo ,,ii4 #dgd-dgd ,z5o #dgd-dia ,ana/asius ,i4 #dia-eah ,ju/9 ,i4 #eah-ebg ,ju/9ian ,i4 ! ,great #ebg-efe ,ju/9 ,,ii4 #efe-egh ,tib]ius #egh-ehb ,maurice #ehb-fjb ,phocas #fjb-faj ,h]aclius #faj-fda ,h]aclius ,con/ant9e ,,iii4 & ,h]acleonas #fda-fdb ,con/ans ,,ii4 #fdb-ffh ,con/ant9e ,,iv4 #ffh-fhe ,ju/9ian ,,ii4 #fhe-fie ,leontius #fie-fig ,tib]ius ,,iii4 #fig-gje ,ju/9ian ,,ii4 7re/or$7 #gje-gaa ,philippicus #gaa-gac ,ana/asius ,,ii4 #gac-gae ,!odosius ,,iii4 #gae-gag ,leo ,,iii4 ! ,isaurian #gag-gdj ,con/ant9e ,v4 ,copronymus #gdj-gge ,leo ,,iv4 #gge-ggi ,con/ant9e ,,vi4 #ggi-gig ,ir5e #gig-hjb ,nicephorus ,i4 #hjb-haa ,/auracius #haa ,mi*ael ,i4 ,rhangabe #haa-hac ,leo ,v4 ! ,arm5ian #hac-hbj ,mi*ael ,,ii4 ! ,amorian #hbj-hbi ,!ophilus #hbi-hdb ,mi*ael ,,iii4 #hdb-hfg ,basil ,i4 #hfg-hhf ,leo ,,vi4 ! ,wise #hhf-iab ,con/ant9e ,,vii4 ,porphyrog5itus #iab-ieh ,co-,emp]ors ,alex&] #iab-iac ,romanus ,i4 ,lecap5us #iai-ide ,con/ant9e ,,viii4 & ,/ephanus1 sons ( ,romanus ,i4 reign$ five weeks 9 #idd ,romanus ,,ii4 #ieh-ifc ,basil ,,ii4 ,bulg>oktonos #ifc-ajbe ,co-,emp]ors ,nicephorus ,,ii4 ,phocas #ife-ifi ,john ,i4 ,zimisces #ifi-igf ,con/ant9e ,,ix4 #igf-ajbe ,con/ant9e ,,ix4 7sole ,emp]or7 #ajbe-ajbh ,romanus ,,iii4 ,argyrus #ajbh-ajcd ,mi*ael ,,iv4 #ajcd-ajdb ,mi*ael ,v4 #ajdb ,zoe & ,!odora #ajdb ,con/ant9e ,x4 ,monoma*us #ajdb-ajed ,!odora 7re/or$7 #ajed-ajef ,mi*ael ,,vi4 ,/ratioticus #ajef-ajeg ,isaac ,i4 ,comn5us #ajeg-ajei ,con/ant9e ,,xi4 ,ducas #ajei-ajfg ,mi*ael ,,vii4 ,ducas #ajfg-ajgh ,co-,emp]or ,romanus ,,iv4 ,diog5es #ajfg-ajgh ,nicephorus ,,iii4 ,botoniates #ajgh-ajha ,alexius ,i4 ,comn5us #ajha-aaah ,john ,,ii4 ,comn5us #aaah-aadc ,manuel ,i4 ,comn5us #aadc-aahj ,alexius ,,ii4 ,comn5us #aahj-aahc ,&ronicus ,i4 ,comn5us #aahc-aahe ,isaac ,,ii4 ,angelus #aahe-aaie ,alexius ,,iii4 ,angelus #aaie-abjc ,isaac ,,ii4 ,angelus 7re/or$71 ,alexius ,,iv4 ,angelus #abjc-abjd ,nicolas ,canabus #abjd ,alexius ,v4 ,ducas ,murtzuphlus #abjd ,,lat9 ,,emp]ors ,,( ,,con/ant9ople ,baldw9 ,i4 #abjd-abje ,h5ry #abje-abaf ,pet] #abag-abai ,rob]t #abai-abbh ,john ( ,bri5ne #abbh-abcg ,baldw9 ,,ii4 #abbg-acfa ,,byzant9e ,,emp]ors ,,at ,,nicaea ,!odore ,i4 ,lasc>is #abjd-abbb ,john ,,iii4 ,ducas #abbb-abed ,!odore ,,ii4 ,ducas #abed-abei ,john ,,iv4 ,ducas #abei-abfj ,,"u ,,! ,,re/or$ ,,byzant9e ,,empire ,mi*ael ,,viii4 ,palaeologus #abfj-abhb ,&ronicus ,,ii4 ,palaeologus #abhb-acbh ,co-,emp]or ,mi*ael ,,ix4 #abie-acbj ,&ronicus ,,iii4 ,palaeologus #acbh-acda ,john ,v4 ,palaeologus #acda-acia ,co-,emp]or ,john ,,vi4 ,cantacuz5e #acda-acee ,manuel ,,ii4 ,palaeologus #acia-adbe ,john ,,vii4 ,palaeologus #adbe-addh ,con/ant9e ,,xii4 ,palaeologus #addh-adec ,,index ,abaga1 #bgd ,a*aia1 #bgc ,a*illes1 ,abbot ( ! ,/udion1 #dj ,a*m$1 ,mongolian ,khan1 #bgd ,a*m$ ,pa%a1 #bje ,a*m$ ,,iii41 ,sultan1 #bgf ,a*rida1 #df ,acre1 #bbh ,acritas1 #ci ,adrianople4 ,see ,gate ,aeca!r9a1 ,empress1 #dg1 #aig1 #bie ,aetius4 ,see ,*ur*1 ,ci/]n ,agapetus1 ,pope1 #ahd ,aga?a1 #aig ,aga?angelus1 #cjb ,aga?o1 ,pope1 #fg ,aivan ,s]ai1 #aia1 #bjg1 #bjh1 #bji1 #bac ,akoimeti1 #cf1 #cg ,ak ,s]ai4 ,see ,=um ( ! ,b\s ,alex&]1 ba? (1 #hh ,alex&]1 ,patri>*1 #he1 #hf ,alexius1 ,patri>*1 #dc ,alexius ,/rategop\los1 #bbh ,ali ,atik ,mu/apha ,pa%a1 #cjd ,alsace1 #bbd1 #bbf ,alti ,m]m]4 ,see ,exokionion ,ana/asia1 daught] ( ,emp]or ,!ophilus1 #bgj ,&rew ( ,crete1 #ajh ,&ronicus ,ducas1 #bie ,&ronicus1 son ( ,manuel ,,ii41 #bbi ,anemod\lion1 #bde ,anna ,comn5a1 #adg ,anna ,dalass5a1 #ach1 #aci1 #baa1 #bab1 #bie1 #big ,anna1 wife ( ,&ronicus ,,ii41 #ada ,anna ( ,savoy1 wife ( ,&ronicus ,,iii41 #add1 #cjc ,anna1 wife ( ,john ,,vii4 ,palaeologus1 #abh ,anna1 daught] ( ,emp]or ,!ophilus1 #bgj ,anselm1 ,bi%op ( ,havalsb]g1 #bbj ,an!mius1 #gd ,an?imus1 ,sa9t1 #bia1 #bid ,antio*1 #hf1 #bij ,antony1 ,patri>*1 #dc1 #fi ,apocaucus1 #add1 #ade ,aqu$uct ( ,val5s1 #ahc1 #ahd4 ,arian1 ,arius1 #he1 #hf ,arm5ia1 ,arm5ian1 #aj1 #ci1 #beh1 #bfh ,ars5ius1 ,patri>*1 #aaj1 #aaa1 #aab ,artavasdos1 #bic ,asia ,m9or1 #a ,asp>4 ,see ,ci/]n ,a?anasius1 ,patri>*1 #bcb ,a!ns1 #beh ,a?os1 ,m\nt1 #aaf1 #ahe1 #bcj1 #beh1 #bij1 #cja1 #cjc1 #cbf ,av>s1 #dh1 #bcb ,avret ,ta%4 ,see ,column ( ,arcadius ,axu*1 #bba ,az]baijan1 #adh ,babylas1 ,sa9t1 #bhh1 #bid ,bactagius1 #bic ,baghdad1 #fi1 #bee1 #bgb ,bagt* ,kap\ssi4 ,see ,gate ( ! ,neorion ,bajazet ,i41 ,sultan1 #dg ,bajazet ,,ii41 ,sultan1 #di1 #bgf1 #cjd4 ,see ,mosque ,balat1 #adh1 #bhj ,baldw91 ,c\nt1 #bad ,bal\kli4 ,see ,peg ,bapti/]y ( ,s4 ,sophia1 #b1 #gh1 #ccb ,b>a1 monk1 #bhb ,b>das1 ,caes>1 #dd1 #bef1 #bgj ,basil1 ,sa9t1 #da ,belis>ius1 #fg ,b]?a1 wife ( ,manuel ,i4 ,comn5us1 #bbb ,be%ikta%1 #ajg ,bi?ynia1 #cj1 #hi1 #bid ,bla*]nae1 di/rict (1 #ajf1 #afe1 #aia1 #aic1 #bji1 #baj1 #bac1 #bhb4 ,see ,palace ,black ,sea1 #bbh1 #bgb1 #cjj ,bogdan ,s]ai4 ,see ,*ur* ,bonus1 #dh ,branas1 #cjc ,bucoleon4 ,see ,h>b\r1 ,palace ,buda1 #bhj ,bulg>ia1 ,bulg>ian1 #beg1 #bgb1 #bie1 #big ,byzantium1 #hd ,caes>ea1 #bgc ,cana1 #cbg ,c&idus1 #aib ,cantacuz5e1 ,mi*ael1 #bhj ,capelli1 #bbh ,c>b\n>ia1 di/rict (1 #bdd1 #bde ,cass&ra1 #bcj ,*alc$on4 ,see ,c\ncil ,*>ab&a1 #bge ,*>isius1 #bij1 #bia4 ,see ,gate ,*oirosphacta1 #dd ,*ri/ob\los1 #bgf ,*ri/oph]1 son ( ,romanus ,i41 #aig ,*rysocam]on1 #aii ,*ryso/om1 ,s4 ,john1 #ia ,*ur*1 ,*apel1 ,mona/]y1 (-- ,note4--,"u ?is head ! ref]5ces indicate only ! passages 9 :i* a *ur* is m5tion$ outside ! special *apt] devot$ to x4 ,s4 ,acacius1 #aii ,acritas1 #dj ,aetius1 #bee1 #bef1 #bei ,s4 ,ana/asia ,ph>macolytria1 #bdc ,s4 ,ana/asius1 #ahd ,s4 ,&rew ! ,apo/le1 #aji ,s4 ,&rew1 ne> ! ,gate ( ,saturn9us1 #aji ,s4 ,&rew ',god-,intoxicat$1' #aji ,s4 ,&rew 9 ,krisei1 #g1 #h1 #ae1 #cj1 #acj1 #aej1 #aea1 #ahf1 #ccb1 #ccc1 #cce1 #ccf ,s4 ,&rew ,/rategos1 #aji ,s4 ,an?imus1 #bia1 #bid ,apo/les1 ,holy1 #c1 #fd1 #ij1 #abc1 #abd1 #adf1 #adg1 #afh1 #age1 #agf1 #ahd1 #bai1 #bcc ,ar*angels1 ,syg1 #caf ,s4 ,ari/9a1 #ajf1 #aab ,balaban ,aga ,mesj$i1 #ccd1 #cce1 #ccf ,bogdan ,s]ai1 #aj1 #ae1 #bc1 #bg1 #bh1 #bja1 #bhb1 #ccd1 #cce1 #ccf ,bosra1 #gj ,c5opolis1 #hh ,crimean ,memorial ,*ur*1 #bha ,s4 ,con/ant9e1 #ce ,s4 ,con/anza1 #a ,daudatus1 #ahc ,s4 ,demetrius1 ,salonica1 #cb1 #ec1 #ge1 #bbb ,s4 ,demetrius1 ,kanab\1 #adh1 #aia1 #aib1 #bje ,d] ,aghsy1 #e ,dexiocrates1 #afe ,s4 ,diom$1 #aji ,s4 ,elias1 ,salonica1 #aj1 #aad1 #aaf ,ets*miadz91 #aj ,euphrosyn1 ,libadia1 #bgj ,=ty ,m>tyrs ( ,seba/1 #bia1 #bid ,s4 ,fosca1 ,torcello1 #bdg ,ga/ria 7,sanjakd> ,mesj$i71 #aj1 #bd1 #bh1 #ajg1 #ccd1 #cce1 #ccf ,s4 ,george1 ,ezra1 #gh ,s4 ,george1 ,g5oa1 #bbi ,s4 ,george1 ,phan>1 #adi1 #aia ,s4 ,george1 ,psama?ia 7,s\l\ ,mona/ir71 #ajf1 #agg1 #bfh ,s4 ,george1 ,salonica1 #a ,homonia1 #hh ,hormisdas1 #fd1 #fh ,s4 ,ignatius1 #bid ,s4 ,ir5e1 #aa1 #ab1 #ae1 #bf1 #ec1 #gb1 #hd1 #he1 #ccc1 #cce1 #ccf ,s4 ,john ! ,bapti/1 ,hebdomon1 #bhc ,s4 ,john ! ,bapti/ 9 ,petra1 #bjc1 #bee1 #bhb ,s4 ,john ,bapti/ ( ! ,/udion1 #b1 #aa1 #ab1 #bi1 #ca1 #ajg1 #bef1 #beh1 #bfh1 #cjc1 #ccb1 #cce1 #ccf ,s4 ,john ! ,bapti/ 9 ,trullo1 #ae1 #af1 #bh1 #adg1 #bha1 #ccd1 #cce1 #ccf ,s4 ,john ,evangeli/1 ,hebdomon1 #big ,kall\1 #big ,kefel ,mesj$i4 ,see ,manuel ,s4 ,lor5zo1 ,milan1 #gh ,s4 ,luke1 ,/iris1 #aa1 #af ,s4 ,mamas1 #ajf1 #ajg1 #aig ,man\eli\1 #bed ,manuel1 #aa1 #bh1 #dg1 #fd1 #bed1 #ccd1 #cce ,,ss4 ,manuel1 ,sabel1 ,i%mael1 #bec ,m>a1 #bee ,s4 ,m>k's1 ,v5ice1 #c1 #ac1 #bbd1 #bch1 #bdf1 #bdg ,kyra ,m>?a1 #abc1 #abd1 #abh1 #aff1 #afg ,s4 ,m>t9's1 ,london1 #bhi ,s4 ,m>y 7,!otokos7 ( ,bla*]nae1 #aic ,s4 ,m>y1 ,curator1 #bfe ,s4 ,m>y ,diaconissa1 #i1 #ab1 #ac1 #af1 #ag1 #bj1 #bf1 #cj1 #ca1 #cb1 #cjf1 #caj1 #ccc1 #cce1 #ccf ,s4 ,m>y ,ele\ssa1 #bdj ,s4 ,m>y ,eu]getes1 #afd1 #afe1 #aff1 #afg ,s4 ,m>y ,hodegetria1 #bbg4 ,see ,eikon ,s4 ,m>y ,koimesis1 ,nicaea1 #g ,s4 ,m>y ,kosmosot]ia1 #bif ,s4 ,m>y ( ! ,mongols1 #aj1 #aad1 #aaf1 #ccd1 #cce1 #ccf ,s4 ,m>y ,pammak>i/os1 #g1 #ab1 #ad1 #ah1 #bj1 #bd1 #be1 #bg1 #bh1 #ca1 #abi1 #acj1 #agc1 #age1 #aih1 #bja1 #bjb1 #bje1 #bee1 #bha1 #ccc1 #cce1 #ccf ,s4 ,m>y ,pana*rantos1 ( ,lips1 #g1 #ab1 #ac1 #ad1 #ae1 #af1 #aea1 #aeb1 #bdc1 #bdh1 #ccc1 #cce1 #ccf ,s4 ,m>y ,pana*rantos1 ne> ,s4 ,sophia1 #abc1 #abe1 #abf ,s4 ,m>y1 ,peg1 #agg ,s4 ,m>y ,p]ibleptos1 #ah1 #ce1 #de1 #ej1 #ajf1 #agg1 #beh1 #bfh1 #big ,s4 ,m>y ( ,vla* ,s]ai1 #bhj ,s4 ,m>y1 ,*apel1 9 ,,ss4 ,s]gius & ,bac*us1 #fi1 #gj ,s4 ,m>y1 #ee ,s4 ,mi*ael ! ,ar*angel1 #bci1 #bia1 #bib1 #bid ,s4 ,mokius1 #aff ,mona/ir ,mesj$i1 #aj1 #bj1 #bfb1 #ccd1 #cce ,myrelaion1 #ad1 #ag1 #dg1 #abi1 #ccc1 #ccd1 #cce1 #ccf ,s4 ,ni*olas1 #bjg ,,ss4 ,ni*olas & ,augu/9e1 #bha ,s4 ,ni*olas1 ,me?ana1 #bgh ,s4 ,ni*olas1 ,myra1 #f ,s4 ,paul1 ,rome1 #bhi ,,ss4 ,pet] & ,m>k1 #e1 #i1 #ab1 #ac1 #af1 #bg1 #ahe1 #ahf1 #ccc1 #cce1 #ccf ,,ss4 ,pet] & ,paul1 #fc1 #fd1 #fe1 #ff1 #aia1 #aib ,protaton1 ,mt4 ,a?os1 #ahe ,saccudio1 #ch ,sanjakd> ,mesj$i4 ,see ,ga/ria ,s4 ,savi\r 9 ! ,*ora1 #aj1 #ab1 #ai1 #bj1 #bb1 #bc1 #bd1 #bg1 #bi1 #cj1 #ca1 #cb1 #cc1 #cf1 #ajg1 #aec1 #ahf1 #bcf1 #bdj1 #bee1 #bef1 #ccb1 #cce1 #ccf ,s4 ,savi\r ,eu]getes1 #a1 #aff1 #afg1 #bac ,s4 ,savi\r ,pantepoptes1 #i1 #ad1 #ah1 #bi1 #ada1 #bie1 #ccd1 #cce1 #ccf ,s4 ,savi\r ,pantokrator1 ,mt4 ,a?os1 #bij ,s4 ,savi\r ,pantokrator1 ,con/ant9ople1 #aj1 #ad1 #af1 #ag1 #ah1 #bj1 #be1 #bf1 #bi1 #ca1 #acb1 #aec1 #afe1 #aff1 #agc1 #bae1 #bai1 #bdd1 #bdg1 #bgj1 #bgc1 #bie1 #ccd1 #cce1 #ccf ,s4 ,savi\r ,philan?ropos1 #adg1 #adh ,sepul*re1 ,holy1 #aah1 #bfe ,,ss4 ,s]gius & ,bac*us1 #b1 #h1 #aa1 #ba1 #bc1 #bf1 #cj1 #aae1 #ccb1 #ccc1 #cce1 #ccf ,s4 ,sophia1 ,con/ant9ople1 #b1 #e1 #aa1 #ab1 #ad1 #ai1 #bj1 #ba1 #bc1 #bf1 #bg1 #bi1 #cj1 #ca1 #cb1 #cc1 #cd1 #df1 #dg1 #fb1 #fc1 #fi1 #ga1 #gb1 #gd1 #gh1 #hd1 #he1 #hh1 #hi1 #ij1 #ia1 #ig1 #ajb1 #aaa1 #aab1 #aag1 #aah1 #abb1 #abc1 #abf1 #ade1 #adf1 #afi1 #age1 #agf1 #ahe1 #bbc1 #bbg1 #bbi1 #bca1 #bcc1 #bdc1 #bdd1 #bic1 #cje1 #cjf1 #cac1 #cad1 #cae1 #ccb1 #ccc1 #cce ,s4 ,sophia1 ,kiev1 #cbf ,s4 ,sophia1 ,monemvasia1 #ah ,s4 ,sophia1 ,salonica1 #ae1 #ajb1 #ajc1 #caj1 #cad1 #cae1 #ccc ,s\l\ ,mona/ir4 ,see ,s4 ,george1 ,psama?ia ,s4 ,/eph51 ,triglia1 #cj ,s4 ,symeon ,/ylites1 #fc ,s4 ,!kla1 #aj1 #bh1 #bie1 #ccd1 #cce1 #ccf ,s4 ,!odore1 ,a!ns1 #bdd ,s4 ,!odore ! ,g5]al1 #bdd ,s4 ,!odore 7,vefa ,meidan71 #i1 #ad1 #ag1 #ai1 #bi1 #ca1 #ej1 #gc1 #aee1 #ccd1 #cce ,s4 ,!odore1 ,c>b\n>ia1 #bdd ,s4 ,!odore1 di/rict ( ,claudius1 #bdd ,s4 ,!odore1 9 ! ,great ,palace1 #bdd ,s4 ,!odore1 di/rict ( ,sphorakius1 #bdd ,s4 ,!odosia1 #c1 #e1 #i1 #ab1 #ac1 #ad1 #ae1 #af1 #ag1 #ah1 #bc1 #bg1 #bh1 #cj1 #aad1 #aea1 #aef1 #ahe1 #ahf1 #bch1 #bhc1 #ccc1 #ccd1 #cce1 #ccf ,val5s & ,daudatus1 #ahc ,vatop$i1 #cjc ,s4 ,vitale1 #gj1 #gb1 #gc1 #ge1 #gh ,cilicia1 #bba ,ci/]cian ,abbey1 #bbd ,ci/]n-- ,aetius1 #fd1 #bee4 ,see ,plate ,,lxxvii4 fac+ p4 #bfb ,asp>1 #bec1 #bed1 #bef1 #beg ,b9-b9-d]ek 7,"o ,?\s& & ,"o ,columns71 #ae ,mokius1 #aji1 #aff ,pul*]ia1 #aca1 #bed ,/udion1 #dh1 #ej1 #ed4 ,see ,plate ,x4 fac+ p4 #ed ,claudius1 di/rict (1 #bdd ,colosseum1 #cc ,column (-- ,arcadius1 #aji ,con/ant9e ! ,great 7,exokionion71 #aji ,con/ant9e ,ducas1 #dd1 #abf ,con/ant9e ,lips1 #abe1 #abf1 #abg ,con/ant9e1 ,nobilissimus1 #dd1 #de ,con/ant9e ,porphyrog5itus 7son ( ,mi*ael ,,viii471 #ch1 #aaj1 #abg ,con/ant9e1 son ( ,romanus ,i41 #aig ,con/ant9e1 ,pope1 #fg ,cosmas1 ,patri>*s1 #adj1 #ada1 #adb1 #adc1 #big ,c\ncil-- ,! 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,/udion1 #dj ,s\l\ ,mona/ir4 ,see ,s4 ,m>y ,p]ibleptos ,sozopolis1 #add ,spalato1 #cc ,sphorakius1 #bdc1 #bdd ,/eph51 son ( ,romanus ,i41 #aig ,/rategop\los1 ,alexius1 #bbh ,/iris1 #aa1 #af ,/udius1 #ce1 #cf ,suleiman1 ,sultan1 #bhj ,syg1 #caf ,sykai1 #he ,symeon1 ,k+ ( ,bulg>ia1 #abg ,synad5us1 #bfc ,synnada1 #gb ,synod ( ,con/ant9ople 79 #ecf71 #bia ,synod ( ,con/ant9ople 7"u ,photius71 #beg ,synod ( ,s>dica 79 #cdg71 #hg ,syria1 ,syrian1 #a1 #b1 #hf1 #bij1 #bia1 #cbf ,tam]lane1 #ea ,t>*aniotes4 ,see ,mi*ael ,t>on1 ,pr9ce (1 #abf ,ta% ,mektep1 #bfb ,taurus ,m\nta9s1 #bba ,t*\k\r ,bo/an1 #aji1 #bed ,tekf\r ,s>ai4 ,see ,palace ,teutal ,l\gophetes1 #bhj ,!bes1 ,du*y (1 #bgb ,!kla1 daught] ( ,emp]or ,!ophilus1 #bji1 #bgj ,!octi/a1 #bfi1 #bgj ,!octi/os1 #bef1 #bgj ,!odora-- ,empress ( ,ju/9ian ! ,great1 #fb1 #gj1 #gc1 #gd1 #ge1 #ig1 #ajb1 #bij ,empress ( ,emp]or ,!ophilus1 #dj1 #fi1 #bee1 #bef1 #bfi1 #bgj1 #bid ,empress ( ,mi*ael ,,viii4 ,palaeologus1 #abg wife ( ,romanus ,i4 ,lecap5us1 #aig ,protove/i>issa1 #aaj1 #aaa1 #aab1 #aac nun1 #bge ,!odore-- ,abbot ( ,s4 ,savi\r 9 ! ,*ora1 #bij1 #bia1 #bib ,abbot ( ! ,/udion1 #ch1 #ci1 #dj1 #da1 #dc son ( ,manuel ,,ii41 #bbi ,!odore ,meto*ites1 #big1 #bih1 #bii1 #cjj1 #cja ,!odosia1 ,sa9t1 #afd ,!odosius1 ,abbot ( ! ,/udion1 #dj ,!odosius de ,villeh>d\91 ,abbot ( ! ,pantokrator1 #bbi1 #bgc ,!odote1 #ch1 #ci ,!ognosia1 #aac ,!ophane1 #aag ,!ophanes1 ,bi%op ( ,h]aclea1 #add ,!ophano1 wife ( ,romanus ,,ii4 & ,nicephorus ,phocas1 #aig ,?ird ,hill1 #bdc1 #bdd ,?omais1 nun1 #abh ,?race1 #hf1 #hi ,timo!us1 #dj ,timovo1 #bih ,tivoli1 #fc ,tokl\ ,d$4 ,see ,*ur* ( ,s4 ,!kla ,top ,kap\4 ,see ,gate ,s4 ,romanus ,torcello1 #bdg ,tornikes1 #bci1 #cjb1 #cjc1 #caj1 #ccj ,trani1 #df ,trebizond1 #bbi1 #bgb ,tricocca1 #bge ,triglia1 #cj ,trivulce1 #aah ,trullus4 ,see ,c\ncil1 ,palace ,turks1 #bge1 #bhc ,v>angians1 #df ,vatop$i1 #cjc ,veecus1 ,patri>*1 #aab1 #abb1 #abe1 #abf1 #bbi1 #big ,vefa ,meidan1 #agg1 #bdc1 #bdd1 #bde ,v5etian1 #bac1 #bad1 #bbg1 #bbh ,v5ice1 #c1 #bbd1 #bbf1 #bbg1 #bbh1 #bch1 #bdf ,v]9a1 ,empress1 #bfe ,vi5na1 #bhj ,vigilius1 ,pope1 #ff1 #fg ,villeh>d\91 #big ,viros1 #bif1 #big ,vla* ,s]ai1 #bhj ,vlanga1 #aif ,walla*ian1 #bhj ,wall ( ,con/ant9e1 #aji ,wall ( ,h]aclius1 #bjg1 #bjh ,wall ( ,leo1 #bjg1 #bjh ,walls ( ,!odosius ,,ii41 #bhi1 #bij ,w> ,(fice1 #bdd1 #bfe ,x51 #bbj ,x]olophos1 #ajh1 #aji ,yali ,kiosk ,kap\ssi4 ,see ,gate ( ,eug5ius ,y$i ,k\l4 ,see ,gold5 ,gate ,yol&e1 #bbi ,zeirek ,mehem$ ,eff5di1 #bcc ,z9et1 #add1 #ade ,zoe-- ,empress ( ,leo ,,vi41 #ij ,empress1 daught] ( ,con/ant9e ,,viii41 #dd ,,! ,,end ,pr9t$ by ,r4 ,r4 ,,cl>k1 ,limit$1 ,ed9burgh4 ,transcrib]'s note3 99 is us$ ar\nd words to m>k bold text4