,univ]sity ( ,mi*igan's ,mak+ ( ,am]ica 
collection47      ,transcrib]'s note    
,m9or punctuation errors h be5 *ang$ )\t
 notice4 ,pr9t] errors h be5 *ang$ & are
 li/$ at ! end4 ,all o!r inconsi/5cies  
are z 9 ! orig9al4        ,,address     
,,deliv]$ ,,by     ,,hon4 ,,h5ry ,h4    
,,crapo1     ,gov]nor ( ,mi*igan1       
,,be=e ,,!     ,,c5tral ,,mi*igan       
,,agricultural ,,society1     ,,at ,,_! 
,,%eep-,,%e>+ ,,exhibition1     ,,held  
,,at ,,! ,,agricultural ,,college ,,f>m1
     ,on ,?ursday1 ,may #bd?1 #ahff4    
,,lans+3    ,,john ,a4 ,,k]r  ,,co41    
,,/eam ,,book ,,& ,,job ,,pr9t]s4       
#ahff4     ,,address4   ,mr4 ,presid5t1 
& ,memb]s ( ! ,c5tral ,mi*4 ,ag'l       
,society3  ,,ladies ,,& ,,g5tlem53      
,remote f ! !atre ( action 9 ! late     
rebellion1 ,mi*igan has exp]i5c$        
comp>atively few ( ! evils t foll[$     
imm$iately 9 its pa?4 ,! usual pursuits 
( peaceful life1 7 "h sc>cely di/urb$1 &
 by ! p]mission ( a ,graci\s ,provid5ce1
 ! indu/ry ( ! inhabitants ( our ,/ate 0

 b little div]t$ f its legitimate       
*annels4 ,nev]!less1 :ile s _m ( h]     
patriot sons 7 engag$ 9 ! deadly /rife (
 ,s\!rn battle-fields1 & ! result ( !   
/ruggle 0 9 ! unc]ta9 future1 a sombre  
cl\d c\ld n fail to brood ov] our daily 
life1 int]f]+ ) ! full enjoym5t ( !     
bless+s we reta9$4  ,n[1 h[ev]1 ! ro> ( 
cannon & ! noise & tumult ( w> is no    
long] he>d 9 our l&2 ! sc5es ( c>nage & 
blood :i* our once peaceful & happy     
c\ntry has rec5tly witness$ are at an   
end2 ! turmoil & /rife ( arm$ ho/s 9    
deadly conflict h ceas$2 ! public m9d is
 no long] excit$1 & ! he>ts ( ! p are no
 long] pa9$1 by ! fe>ful news ( battles 
f\ght1 & ( ! t]rible slaught] ( k9dr$ & 
fri5ds4 ,social ord] aga9 invites u to  
r5ew$ ef=ts 9 our respective labor &    
call+s2 & we are p]mitt$ to beat our    
swords into pl[-%>es & our spe>s into   
prun+-hooks4  ,l ! calm & quiet repose (
 peace :5 x foll[s ! clamor & d9 ( w>1 s
 is ! delightful1 *e]+ & invigorat+     
approa* ( spr+1 z x succe$s ! *ill+     

bla/s & pelt+ /orms ( dre>y w9t]4  ,!   
tru? ( ?is is v]ifi$ to u on ! pres5t   
occasion4 ,we h come toge!r at ?is      
delightful spot1 & on ?is beautiful spr+
 day1 n only = ! enjoym5t ( a fe/ive    
season1 b also = ! improvem5t ( our m9ds
 & ! increase ( our pres5t /ock ( k on  
subjects ) :i* our sev]al int]e/s & our 
respective ta/es are m or less id5tifi$4
  ,at y\r reque/ & ^u y\r k9d           
invitation1 ,i am "h to contribute my   
%>e--small ?\gh x be--to ! g5]al fund4  
,i %\ld1 h[ev]1 h mu* pref]r$ ! position
 ( a quiet le>n] to t ( an incompet5t   
tea*]--to h li/5$ r ?an to h spok54 ,b  
be+ "h1 x w be my purpose--by y\r       
indulg5ce--to speak1 9 g5]al t]ms1 ^u   
su* topics z seem to me appropriate to !
 occasion4 ,i %all n presume to !orize1 
or to speculate2 nei!r %all ,i travel   
?r\gh unexplor$ fields ) no o!r guide   
?an imag9ation2 nor %all ,i attempt to  
ent]ta9 y ) any rhetorical fl\ri%es1 or 
figures ( spee*2 b 9 a simple mann]     
endeavor to give briefly my own views on

 ! sev]al subjects discuss$4  ,!        
occasion is und\bt$ly "o af=d+ a wide   
field = pr(itable discussion2 yet !     
space :i* y\r greate/ indulg5ce c be    
expect$ to all[ me w r5d] x necess>y t  
,i conf9e myself to a v few topics1 & w 
b>ely p]mit a ha/y glance at "s ( ^?    
only :i* may be consid]$ appropriate 9  
?is address4 ,y w !re=e1 ,i tru/1       
rememb] t 9 case ,i d n ref] to subjects
 :i* y may deem ( importance1 x w be f  
?is reason1 & n because ,i may h        
consid]$ !m unimportant4         99     
99       99       99       99  ,9 ! fir/
 place1 !n1 p]mit me a brief ref]5ce to 
?is ,association1 "u ^: auspices1 & by  
^: directions--act+ 9 connection ) !    
(fic]s ( ! ,agricultural ,college--?is  
fe/ival is held4 ,y\r ,society1 ,i      
und]/&1 ext5ds ov] ! c\nties ( ,+ham1   
,eaton1 ,cl9ton1 ,liv+/on & ,%iawassee1 
& has be5 =m$ = ! purpose ( comb9+ &    
conc5trat+ a wid] scope ( individual    
action ?an c\ld o!rwise be atta9$1 ) a  
view to an increas$ int]e/ 9 ! subject (

 ,agriculture & ( ,agricultural ,fairs2 
!reby recogniz+ ! pr9ciple t 9 union !re
 is /r5g?4  ,! ef=t is n only laudable1 
b w1 ,i h no d\bt1 be productive ( ! mo/
 b5eficial results4 ,9 fact we h 9 ?is v
 ef=t to br+ into notice & give an      
increas$ int]e/ to "o ( our mo/         
important bran*es ( husb&ry 9 our       
,/ate--! gr[? & production (            
wool--abundant evid5ce t su* w be !     
result4 ,by com+ toge!r1 z on ! pres5t  
occasion1 9 ! _s ( a free1 frank &      
social int]*ange ( ideas1 an increas$   
int]e/ _c fail ( be+ awak5$1 z well z an
 ext5sive inquiry in/itut$1 among f>m]s 
g5]ally1 n only z to ! mo/ desirable    
bre$ ( %eep1 b also z to ! be/ modes (  
t5d+ & keep+ & fe$+ ! diff]5t k9ds1 ) a 
view to ! greate/ pr(its4 ,! influ5ce ( 
su* a ga!r+ z ?is is ( mu* value--n only
 9 enc\rag+ a desire = excell5ce &      
creat+ a _s ( competition & ( laudable  
emulation1 b z furni%+ ! means = an     
active ex*ange ( ! m desirable specim5s4
 ,^? :o assemble are enabl$ to enjoy a  

season n m]ely ( relaxation f toil1 b   
also = mutual consultation & discussion2
 & a heal?y & gr[+ int]e/ 9 ev]y?+      
p]ta9+ to ,agriculture1 9 all its v>i$  
=ms & bran*es1 is !reby induc$4  ,9 ?is 
connection ,i may be p]mitt$ to make a  
few rem>ks 9 relation to ! salut>y      
influ5ce :i* our ,agricultural          
,societies _c fail to ex]t ^u ! f>m]s ( 
,mi*igan1 & ( ! b5efits :i* are c]ta9 to
 fl[ f !m4  ,!re is no employm5t :i*    
keeps man s isolat$ z t ( ,agriculture2 
& ^! societies s]ve1 9 a v great degree1
 to c\nt]act ! bad effects ( ?is by br++
 m9d into int]c\rse ) m9d4 ,!y %\ld     
receive ! unit$ & cordial support ( e   
f>m]4  ,:il/ pr(essional m5 are br\ght  
into frequ5t contact ) ea* o!r--& !     
trad] is 9 con/ant int]c\rse ) 8        
cu/om]s--& ! me*anic is associat$ ) ^?  
employ$ ) him 9 ! %ops--! f>m] sp5ds mo/
 ( 8 "t ) 8 family1 & ) 8 flocks & h]ds1
 & sees comp>atively little ( o!rs4 ,!  
,agricultural ,fair br+s--or %\ld       
br+--all ! f>m]s toge!r1 ) _! wives &   

daught]s1 :]e a heal?y1 social int]c\rse
 is enjoy$4 ,!re a high] /&>d (         
excell5ce 9 ev]y?+ is =m$4 ,he !re le>ns
 t :at ( 8 own he _h be5 l$ to believe 0
 ! be/--:e!r 9 flocks or h]ds1 or f>m   
products--may be greatly improv$1 & 8   
ambition & pride1 z well z 8 int]e/1 are
 at once excit$ to make an advance4 ,at 
! same "t ! indu/ri\s h\sewife1 & !     
blu%+ ,miss1 by an exam9ation ( ! clo?s 
& flannels--! c>pets & quilts--!        
embroid]$ skirts & capes--! coll>s &    
slipp]s1 discov] t ^! articles are wor?y
 n only ( _! admiration b ( _!          
emulation1 & !y1 too1 resolve to copy f 
a /&>d ( m]it high] ?an _! own4 ,?us is 
excit$ among ^? s br\ght toge!r a _s (  
competition1 & a desire 9 _! turn to    
excel4  ,ano!r important b5efit result+ 
f ,agricultural ,fairs1 is a m rapid &  
g5]al diffusion ( k among ! f>m]s 9     
reg>d to ! advantages & practical       
utility ( new inv5tions1 = ! sav+ ( "t &
 labor 9 agricultural op]ations4 ,?is is
 illu/rat$ v cle>ly by ! exhibition (   

,mr4 ,p>i%'s ,/ump & ,grub ,extractor1  
on exhibition "h4 ,?is ma*9e1 ,i und]/&1
 0 pat5t$ on ! fir/ day ( ! pres5t mon?1
 & n[ all 9 att5dance at ?is ,fair h _h 
an opportunity ( witness+ its op]ations 
& judg+ = !mselves ( its m]its4 ,an     
effective ma*9e ( ?is k9d is (          
incalculable value to ! f>m] 9 remov+ at
 once f 8 fields ! unsightly /umps t    
disfigure !m1 & :i* adds s mu* to !     
labor ( cultivat+ ^? fields4 ,( ! ma*9e 
itself1 ,i may be p]mitt$ to say1 by way
 ( digression1 t x surpasses 9 !        
effectiv5ess ( its op]ations any?+ ( !  
k9d :i* ,i h yet _h an opportunity (    
witness4  ,b ?is is n all4 ,! mutual    
consultation & discussion consequ5t ^u  
,agricultural ,fairs1 begets a _s (     
inquiry & a desire = in=mation 9        
relation to e subject connect$ ) !      
f>m]'s call+1 & to gratify :i* he has   
rec\rse to p]iodicals & o!r works 9 :i* 
its v>i\s bran*es are discuss$ &        
expla9$4 ,he w !re le>n :at agricultural
 *emi/ry has done = him1 & ! importance 

& value ( ! analysis ( ! diff]5t k9ds ( 
soil4 ,he w also f9d ! result ( ! v>i\s 
sy/ems ( husb&ry practic$ by o!rs z well
 z ! effects ( exp]im5ts made1 & !reby  
secure to himself _! b5efits )\t incurr+
 _! co/4 ,& al?\gh no am\nt ( read+     
alone c make a man a f>m]1 yet ! k d]iv$
 f a p]usal ( agricultural pap]s devot$ 
to ! int]e/s ( ! till]s ( ! soil w be ( 
incalculable value to him4              
,,%eep-,,husb&ry4  ,x w und\bt$ly be    
expect$ t ,%eep-,husb&ry1 n only f !    
importance ( ! subject itself1 b because
 ( its be+ ! pr9cipal feature 9 ?is     
exhibition1 %\ld receive at my h&s a due
 %>e ( consid]ation4  ,i am free to     
confess1 h[ev]1 t ! subject w be        
approa*$ ) no small degree ( hesitancy &
 di/ru/ on my "p1 n only because ( my   
want ( practical k 9 reg>d to x1 b also 
because x may be fairly reg>d$1 ,i ?9k1 
9 _m respects at lea/1 z a sort (       
debatable gr\nd4  ,diff]5t views are    
und\bt$ly ent]ta9$ by equally intellig5t
 & exp]i5c$ m51 ^u ?is z well z ^u o!r  

equally important subjects2 & ! fact ,i 
believe is well e/abli%$ t ,doctors n   
only may b d v (t5 disagree1 & t1 too1  
sometimes v t5aci\sly4 ,%\ld ,i advance 
op9ions at v>iance ) ^? ent]ta9$ by     
well-in=m$ & practical m5 :o may li/5 to
 me1 ,i w simply rem>k t ,i am n "h to  
lay d[n rules & e/abli% pr9ciples = !   
guidance ( any "o1 b to discuss         
pr9ciples & rules ( action1 z well z    
practical que/ions1 ) a view to lead    
o!rs ! m c>efully to inquire into &     
inve/igate ! same4  ,! subject (        
,%eep-,husb&ry ) u is c]ta9ly an        
important "o--wool be+ a great1 lead+   
/aple product ( our ,/ate2 & v mu*      
att5tion is n[ be+ paid to x1 :i* is    
fully ju/ifi$ by ! advantages ( our soil
 & climate = ! keep+ ( %eep4 ,! f>m]s ( 
,mi*igan are fully ar\s$ to ! importance
 ( ?is int]e/1 & h labor$ zeal\sly1 & at
 mu* exp5se & co/1 to improve _! bre$s (
 %eep1 & to fo/] & develop ?is great    
int]e/4 ,!y h c]ta9ly done mu* 9 ?is    
direction2 b m--v mu* m1 ,i             

appreh5d--rema9s yet to be done4  ,x    
mu/1 h[ev]1 be rememb]$ t a bl9d zeal1  
)\t t k :i* is ! result ( exp]i5ce1     
obs]vation & /udy1 w d v little 9 ! "r  
direction4  ,%eep1 l cattle1 %\ld be    
select$ = specific purposes1 & 9 ref]5ce
 to af=d+ ! greate/ pr(it "u exi/+1 &   
probable future circum/ances4 ,!        
exclusive cultivation ( ?is or t bre$--(
 ! f9e or co>se1 or ( ! long or %ort    
wools--:e!r kept exclusively = _! wool1 
or bo? = _! wool & ! %ambles1 %\ld nev] 
be practic$1 unless "u special & unusual
 circum/ances4 ,! f>m] 9 ?is1 z 9 e o!r 
agricultural dep>tm5t1 mu/ endeavor to  
see 8 relation to ! m]*ant1 & adopt a   
practice hav+ 9 view ! *ances (         
ultimately rea*+ ! mo/ c]ta9 z well z ! 
mo/ pr(itable m>ket2 =1 aft] all1 !     
connection betwe5 ! produc] & !         
manufactur] & m]*ant1 is b a p>tn]%ip = 
loss & ga94 ,! m]*ant w call ^u !       
manufactur] = su* wool5 goods z 8 m>ket 
dem&s1 irrespective ( ! m]e op9ion :i*  
any "o may ent]ta9 9 favor ( ?is or t   

k9d ( wool2 & ! manufactur]1 9 8 turn1 w
 call ^u ! f>m] = j :at is want$4 ,!    
f>m] %\ld !re=e1 9 ! selection ( 8      
flocks1 h 9 view ! m>ket ^u :i* he is to
 rely = ! sale ( 8 wool2 ! texture &    
weight ( fleece2 ! heal? & vigor ( body 
& con/itution1 z well z ! habits &      
economy ( ! animal4 ,he %\ld s$ul\sly   
seek to br+ 8 %eep to a high degree (   
p]fection 9 e respect4 ,9 seek+ to obta9
 quality ( fleece x is a self-evid5t    
fact t he %\ld n ov]look quantity2 & t  
quantity %\ld also be consid]$ 9        
connection ) quality4  ,x is a pat5t    
fact1 ( :i* if we ne$$ evid5ce x may be 
f\nd 9 ?is exhibition z well z 9 !      
num]\s c\nty exhibitions ( simil> "*1   
:i* h rec5tly be5 held1 :]e v r>ely any 
o!r class ( %eep are se51 t a /rong     
pref]5ce = f9e-wool$ ,m]9os is v        
g5]ally1 if n almo/ exclusively1        
ent]ta9$ at ! pres5t "t among ! f>m]s ( 
?is ,/ate1 & money 9 ! pur*ase ( t class
 is ( b little acc\nt4 ,x is well kn[n t
 v high prices are be+ paid n only =    

s+le specim5s b = :ole flocks ( ?is     
bre$4 ,?is is probably all "r1 s f> z x 
is necess>y = ! purpose ( atta9+        
excell5ce 9 flocks1 ^u po9ts already    
spok5 (4 ,to su* a pref]5ce !re %\ld be 
no objection1 if x be n c>ri$ s f> z to 
sup]9duce an unpr(itable reaction--&    
provid$ t ! dem& = ! grade ( wool       
produc$ by ^! %eep is to h no limit1 & t
 all :i* c be gr[n is sure always to    
comm& a remun]ative price4 ,b w ?is     
probably be s8 ,let u consid]4  ,z ,i h 
already intimat$1 ! dem& = any p>ticul> 
quality or k9d ( wool w n dep5d ^u !    
fact t f>m] ,a or f>m] ,b has su* wool  
to sell1 tak5 f %eep = :i* he paid v    
l>ge prices1 & ( :i* he has n[ a v l>ge 
flock2 b r because t p>ticul> k9d &     
quality ( wool is call$ = by !          
manufactur] simply to fill ! ord]s ( !  
m]*ant1 :o 9 8 turn is only desir\s to  
supply ! dem&s ( ! consum]4  ,f an      
exam9ation ( our imports1 x appe>s t 9  
#ahfc1 ( sixty millions ( wool5 goods1  
ab\t =ty millions 7 manufactur$ ( !     

long] wor/$ wool4 ,?is wool is requir$  
to make a fabric ( lu/r\s appe>ance =   
imitations ( ,alapaca1 & = a supply (   
:i* our manufactur]s n[ dep5d mo/ly on  
=eign c\ntries ,! price ( comb+ wool has
 be5 = "s "t increas+ rapidly1 9        
comp>ison ) o!r wool1 9 consequ5ce ( its
 consumption ga9+ ^u its gr[?4 ,& ,i saw
 rec5tly t ! ,briti% f>m] _h be5 urg$ to
 increase ! production ( ?is article to 
its fulle/ ext5t1 bo? f a consid]ation (
 duty z well z ( int]e/4  ,! manufactur]
 ( ,alapaca clo?s--a mo/ beautiful      
fabric ( rec5t introduction--& _!       
ext5sive use1 has n only l$ to ?is      
increas$ dem&1 b has enhanc$ ! price (  
?is k9d ( wool1 :i* w und\bt$ly be      
ma9ta9$1 z new fabrics requir+ to be    
made f long wools1 especially = ! g>m5ts
 ( ladies1 are n[ be+ introduc$ 9 great 
v>iety1 & are becom+ daily m popul> & ( 
m g5]al use4 ,ano!r cause = ! cont9u$ & 
increas+ dem& = ^! wools is ! facility )
 :i* !y c be us$ = ! purpose ( mak+     
imitations ( ,lama fabrics & ,alapacas2 

& ,i h no d\bt t factories = !          
manufacture ( ^! goods w rapidly        
multiply 9 ,new ,engl& & else:]e1 & w   
soon1 to a v great ext5t take ! place ( 
^? n[ consum+ ! f9e wools4  ,9 support (
 ^! views1 p]mit me to give ! foll[+    
extracts f ! "w ( ,mr4 ,r&all1 ! well   
kn[n & en?usia/ic *ampion ( ! ,m]9os4   
,he says3       ,9 ! ,am]ican m>ket !re 
is a mu* l>g] dem& = m$ium      ?an f9e 
wools1 & ! =m] comm&s mu* ! be/ price 9 
proportion to its co/ ( production4     
,aga9 he says3       ,am]ican produc]s (
 v f9e wool h ev] f$ an expectation1    
b nev] obta9$ ! fruition ( _! hopes4    
,^! are significant admissions1 com+ z  
!y d f su* a qu>t]4         99       99 
99       99       99  ,! ,s\? ,d[ns are 
a v>iety ( %eep ( decid$ m]it2 b h nev]1
 ,i ?9k1 be5 fully appreciat$ by ! f>m]s
 ( ,mi*igan4 ,!y are ( l>ge size &      
symmetrically =m$1 ) h>dy & robu/       
con/itutions1 & _! wool is f9e1 %ort &  
curl$1 & de/itute ( fibr\s spires t give
 to x ! felt+ prop]ties4 ,x is nei!r a  

%ort nor a long /aple1 b ranks 9 ?is    
c\ntry z middle wool4 ,! %ort] /aples   
are made into flannels & light wool5    
goods2 & ! long] are ext5sively us$ =   
comb+4 ,_! mutton is unsurpass$2 its    
flavor is delicate1 & ! fle% juicy &    
well int]mix$ ) fat4 ,!y are ! mo/      
prolific bre$]s--! proportion ( ewes    
br++ tw9s be+ at lea/ fifty p] c5t4 ,i  
rec5tly saw a f9e flock ( ,s\? ,d[n ewes
 9 ! ,/ate ( ,new ,york ( :i* m ?an     
?ree-f\r?s ( ! :ole flock _h tw9s4      
,among ! m desirable v>ieties or        
families1 = ! production ( long wool1 9 
?is climate1 are1 p]haps1 ! ,cotswolds1 
noble specim5s ( :i* y h _h an          
opportunity ( inspect+ on ?is occasion2 
& h1 ,i tru/1 ) me1 be5 highly gratifi$ 
at _! weight ( c>cass1 comb9$ ) _! f9e  
=ms & app>5t h>d9ess ( con/itution1 z   
well z ! sup]ior fleeces !y h n[ yield$4
  ,my purpose1 h[ev]1 is n to advocate !
 claims ( ?is or t class ( %eep at !    
exp5se ( any o!r1 b to pres5t su* views 
= y\r consid]ation z may lead to a m    

?or\gh & c&id inve/igation ( ! :ole     
matt]4  ,let me say 9 cont9uation ( ?is 
subject1 t 9 a comp>ison betwe5 !       
,cotswold & o!r long wool v>ieties1 ) ! 
f9e wool ,m]9os ! advantage z to weight 
( fleece is decid$ly ) ! =m]2 &         
especially s :5 _! respective fleeces   
are ?or\ghly cleans$ & sc\r$2 = :il/ !  
loss ( ! long wools v r>ely rea*es tw5ty
 p] c5t41 t ( ! ,m]9os g5]ally mu* exce$
 fifty p] c5t41 & ! fleeces ( prize rams
 (t5 m ?an sev5ty p] c5t4 ,manufactur]s 
are already beg9n+ to make a            
discrim9ation betwe5 wool t is clean & t
 :i* is n s4 ,suppose !y buy ! ,s\?     
,d[n1 ,cotswold & ,leice/] wools1 & _!  
grades1 f :i* is lo/ by sc\r+ tw5ty p]  
c5t4 only1 :il/ ^u ! f9e/ ,mi*igan wool 
!re is lo/ fifty p] c5t4 & m--mak+ ! co/
 ( ! latt]1 at ord9>y prices1 "o-?ird m 
p] p\nd ?an ! =m]1 h[ long w x be be=e  
!y w /udy to increase _! consumption (  
long wool :5 !y c make f ?irty to =ty p]
 c5t4 m clo? ) ! same money8 ,!y w      
c]ta9ly seek to avoid1 9 "s way1 !      

necessity ( buy+ ) _! wool s v l>ge a p]
 c5tage ( grease & dirt1 z !y claim !y  
are n[ do+ 9 ! pur*ase ( f9e wools4  ,! 
,s\? ,d[ns1 z ,i h already /at$1 z well 
z ! long wool %eep1 h a decid$ advantage
 9 ! quantity & value ( meat :i* !y     
yield = ! %ambles2 = no "o1 ,i appreh5d1
 w d5y ! fact !y n only yield m wool b v
 mu* m fle% to ! live weight ?an d !    
,m]9os4 ,& ?is is a fact wor?y ! s]i\s  
consid]ation ( f>m]s1 & c]ta9ly a /rong 
argum5t 9 favor ( ! m g5]al bre$+ ( long
 wool %eep4 ,! w>1 & p]haps o!r causes1 
h v s]i\sly r$uc$ our supply ( meats1 ! 
wa/e ( :i* _c soon be repair$4 ,_m ( our
 soldi]s w n aga9 return to rural life1 
:i* w be q too tame = !m aft] ! long1   
protract$ excitem5t ( w>4 ,!y w seek o!r
 occupations1 & be consum]s r ?an       
produc]s ( meats4 ,9 addition to ?is a  
tide ( =eign immigration is sett+ 9 ^u  
our %ores1 :]e !y w cont9ue to sw>m =   
ye>s to come z nev] be=e1 hungry = meat2
 & x has be5 conclusively demon/rat$ t !
 ratio ( our ord9>y increase (          

population f> exce$s ! production (     
cattle & %eep1 :i* defici5cy 9 beef &   
mutton mu/ h]eaft] be suppli$ 9 "s way4 
,i w aga9 quote f ,mr4 ,r&all's "w4 ,he 
says3       ,i am /rongly impress$ ) !  
op9ion t ! production (      mutton has 
be5 too mu* disreg>d$ z a concomitant ( 
!      production ( wool4 ,ne> l>ge meat
 m>kets mutton is ! prime               
consid]ation1 & wool b ! accessory4     
,"h1 !n1 is a pot5t comb9ation (        
circum/ances1 :i* 7 nev] be=e br\ght    
toge!r1 gu>antee+ an abundant           
remun]ation1 z ,i believe1 to ^? :o may 
engage 9 ?is p>ticul> bran* ( husb&ry2 &
 ! field1 al?\gh n[ new1 w nev]!less1 ,i
 h little d\bt1 be v soon successfully  
occupi$4 ,i _c b hope t our ambiti\s &  
ent]pris+ /ock bre$]s w secure to       
!mselves _! full %>e4  ,p]haps ,i h     
already exhau/$ y\r pati5ce by dwell+ s 
long ^u ?is subject2 b reg>d+ x--z ,i   
mo/ c]ta9ly d--z a v important "o1 & ?is
 be+ an appropriate occasion = its      
discussion1 y w1 ,i tru/1 be> ) me a    

mom5t long]1 :il/ ,i v5ture to make a   
few practical sugge/ions1 be=e tak+     
leave ( x4 ,let me !n say1 9 ?is matt] (
 ,%eep ,husb&ry1 9 addition to :at has  
already be5 said1 t y %\ld gu>d aga9/   
extreme views ( any k9d4 ,m]9os are     
und\bt$ly a valuable & a v desirable    
bre$ ( %eep1 z witness ! noble specim5s 
exhibit$ on ?is occasion2 b y d n want  
!m & no?+ else1 unless !y w pay a bett] 
pr(it ?an any o!r %eep2 nor %\ld y pay  
an extravagantly high price = !m m]ely  
to enri* ! %eep-bre$]s ( ano!r ,/ate2   
nor because x is fa%ionable to d s4 ,y  
%\ld rememb] t ! ,s\? ,d[ns1 !          
,leice/]s1 ! ,cotswolds1 z well z "s    
o!rs p]haps1 also h _! respective claims
 to favor & are wor?y ( y\r             
consid]ation4 ,my own op9ion is t a     
grade ( %eep may be produc$ by a cross  
betwe5 ! ,cotswolds & "s o!r v>ieties1  
:i* w furni% a /aple ( f9e1 long1 comb+ 
wool ( lu/r\s appe>ance1 t w prove--all 
?+s consid]$--q z remun]ative z fleeces 
f ! *oice/ ,m]9os & _! grades4  ,y %\ld1

 also1 avoid ! too common error (       
ov]/ock+ ) %eep :5 ! price ( wool is    
high4 ,%eep ,husb&ry has be5 a v        
pr(itable bran* ( bus9ess = ! f>m]s (   
?is ,/ate2 b l e o!r bus9ess x may be   
ov]done1 & is liable to fluctuations &  
*anges4 ,%eep mu/ be well f$ & c>$ = 9  
ord] to produce heavy fleeces2 & !re is 
c]ta9ly a limit to ! numb] :i* may      
pr(itably be kept ^u any f>m2 & x n     
unfrequ5tly happ5s t a flock ( fifty    
%eep on a small f>m1 w yield a l>g] net 
pr(it ?an w\ld a flock ( five hundr$ if 
kept ^u ! same f>m4  ,:5 ! price ( wool 
is high1 ! f>m]s are too reluctant to   
sell (f _! %eep1 & ?us become liable to 
an ov]/ock4 ,9 fact1 ?is is n[ ! great  
dang] ( ! wool-gr[]s ( ,mi*igan4 ,! be/ 
economy1 & ! mo/ judici\s managem5t1 w  
be to keep d[n ! numb] ( y\r flocks to  
y\r means ( pa/urage & fe$2 & con/antly 
aim to improve ! grade & quality ( ^? y 
reta9 by dispos+ ( ! less desirable     
specim5s = mutton4 ,y\r motto %\ld be to
 elevate ! /&>d ( y\r flocks1 r ?an to  

increase _! numb] beyond y\r means (    
fe$+4  ,ano!r evil is also to be gu>d$  
aga9/1--t ( giv+ y\r att5tion to %eep to
 ! exclusion ( cattle4 ,i am aw>e t 9 ! 
pa/ !re h be5--9 ?is ,/ate--few         
advocates = ! rais+ ( cattle1 & t ! s\nd
 judgm5t ( any man w\ld at once be      
br\ght into "q :o %\ld attempt to d s4  
,b ,i ?9k !re has be5 m ( prejudice ?an 
reason 9 ?is4 ,! f>m]1 z a m]e matt] (  
policy1 %\ld n conf9e himself to any "o 
?+1 z !reby ! fluctuations & *anges     
incid5t to any bran* ( bus9ess1 may v   
possibly--nay v probably--disappo9t 8   
hopes & expectations4 ,if he has only   
%eep on :i* to rely1 a sudd5 fall 9 !   
price ( %eep & wool1 or a g5]al         
preval5ce ( any ( ! diseases to :i* %eep
 are always liable1 w\ld be a s]i\s     
disa/] to him2 :]eas1 if 8 att5tion is  
direct$ to bo? %eep & cattle1 z well z  
to horses1 sw9e1 c41 8 *ances ( c]ta9 & 
cont9u$ success are v greatly multipli$4
 ,9 fact1 cattle are already comm&+     
enorm\s prices 9 consequ5ce ( a g5]al   

sc>city ev]y:]e1 n only = ! %ambles1 b =
 ! dairy1 & ?is defici5cy w n1 ,i       
appreh5d1 be v soon suppli$4 ,i h       
rec5tly visit$ "s ( ! m highly cultivat$
 portions ( ! ,/ate ( ,new ,york1 :]e ,i
 f\nd good fair c[s 7 wor? "o hundr$    
doll>s ea* & n easily to be _h at t4    
,good siz$1 fir/ quality work+ ox51 are 
n[ wor? "h #bej p] pair2 & a l>ge lot ( 
cattle has rec5tly be5 sold = beef 9    
,fl9t1 at sev5 c5ts p] p\nd1 live       
weight4 ,horses1 too1 are sc>ce1 & mu/  
cont9ue to be s = a long "t1 z _!       
de/ruction by ! late w> 0 v great1 &    
ye>s w be requir$ to replace ^? s       
de/roy$1 especially 9 ! rebel & bord]   
,/ates1 :i* mu/ be suppli$ f ! ,nor?4   
,sw9e1 also1 are n[ defici5t1 &         
pr9cipally because1 a few ye>s s9ce1 = a
 "t ! price ( pork 0 v l[1 & _! gr[? 0 9
 consequ5ce1 at once almo/ ab&on$4 ,!   
f>m] %\ld take a broad] view ( ?+s1 &   
pursue a /eady1 onw>d c\rse1 avoid+ all 
extremes1 z well z sudd5 *anges4 ,z a   
l>ge portion ( 8 f>m products are m     

adapt$ to ! fe$ ( cattle1 horses & sw9e 
?an to %eep1 he %\ld1 if = no o!r       
reason1 keep a due proportion ( ^!      
animals1 any excitem5t 9 favor ( %eep   
not)/&+4 ,my own op9ion mo/ decid$ly is1
 t ! "t has come :5 ! be/ int]e/s ( !   
f>m]s ( ,mi*igan require t a portion ( !
 att5tion n[ be+ devot$ to %eep husb&ry 
%\ld be direct$ to t ( o!r k9ds ( /ock4 
,b1 to return aga9 f ?is digression to !
 subject ( %eep & wool4  ,"o ( ! mo/    
s]i\s difficulties ) :i* ! f>m]s h to   
cont5d1 is ! comb9ations t are too (t5  
s\ght to be made by pur*as]s to secure  
_! wool at ! l[e/ possible figures4 ,!  
manufactur]s & wool buy]s1 und\bt$ly act
 9 conc]t1--at lea/ to "s consid]able   
ext5t1--to depress ! price1 & especially
 s1 be=e & ab\t ! "t ! new clip is com+ 
94 ,!y are well drill$ 9 ?is1 & _m ( _! 
op]ations are sy/ematic & effici5t4 ,at 
su* "t !y pret5d n to be 9 want (       
wool1--t ! dem& w be light1 c4 ,pur*ases
 are made v sp>+ly1 & tempor>y supplies 
are procur$ f o!r s\rces1 ev5 at a high]

 co/ ?an ! f>m]s ask4 ,?is is done ^u ! 
gr\nd t an occasional sacrifice ( ?is   
k9d pays well 9 ! end1 if !reby !y are  
able to keep d[n ! price ( ! great bulk 
( dome/ic wool4 ,sometimes fictiti\s    
sales are report$1 & v>i\s o!r means are
 employ$ to ?is end1 ) ! view t a few   
hold]s1 at lea/1--ei!r f necessity or   
timidity1--may be induc$ to sell1 & ?us 
aid _! ef=ts to e/abli% l[ prices4  ,x  
?us becomes ! duty ( ! f>m]s to act )   
mu* consid]ation1 /udy & wisdom2 &      
purely z a matt] ( self-def5se1 to adopt
 "s conc]t ( action among !mselves = !  
protection ( _! own int]e/s4 ,:5 ! price
 is l[ & ! m>ket dull at ! "t ( %e>+1   
!re %\ld n be too mu* ha/e 9 mak+ sales4
 ,9 #ahfa1 ,i ?9k x 01 ! f>m]s 7 ov]    
anxi\s to sell1 = no o!r reason ?an     
because at t "t ! price ( wool 0 v l[ & 
! m>ket dull4 ,!y !n ov]look$ ! well    
e/abli%$ comm]cial fact t depress$      
m>kets g5]ally advance1 r ?an           
retrograde1 & t ,gov]nm5t disbursem5ts  
!n c]ta9 to be made w\ld create funds & 

a high] m>ket1 & t ! dem& = ! /aple w\ld
 increase4 ,!y consequ5tly sold =       
tw5ty-five c5ts p] p\nd1 fleeces1 t 9   
less ?an ?ree mon?s comm&$ =ty-five to  
fifty c5ts4 ,!y also1 9 _m in/ances1    
(f]$ to sell _! fleeces = less ?an half 
! sum !y w\ld br+ 9 a v few weeks4 ,on !
 o!r h&1 z is too common1 :5 wool at !  
"t ( %e>+ comm&s a high price & ! m>ket 
is brisk1 ! f>m]s are incl9$ to hold on 
= /ill high] prices4 ,b ?is is ano!r    
mi/ake 9 ! opposite direction4 ,! rule  
%\ld be1--sell :5 ! m>ket is quick1 &   
prices are good2--& hold on :5 ! m>ket  
is dull & prices are l[4  ,be=e leav+   
?is subject1 p]mit me to call y\r       
att5tion to ano!r important matt] 9     
connection ) %eep husb&ry 9 ?is ,/ate4  
,suffici5t c>e has n h]et(ore be5 tak5  
to clean & o!rwise prop]ly prep>e ?is   
great & important /aple = m>ket1 & !    
consequ5ce has be5 t ! "* &             
repres5tation ( ,mi*igan wool1 ,i am    
sorry to discov]1 has be5 v s]i\sly l[]$
 9 ! m>ket1 & a great loss to ! produc]s

 has !reby be5 su/a9$4 ,x is a fact1    
p]haps n g5]ally kn[n1 t f ?is cause    
alone1 ,ohio wool sells = ab\t five to  
t5 c5ts p] p\nd m ?an ,mi*igan wool4 ,9 
an int]view :i* ,i rec5tly _h ) an      
ext5sive ea/]n manufactur]1 :o 0 induc$ 
la/ season = ! fir/ "t to pur*ase a lot 
( ,mi*igan wool1 he express$ 8 surprise 
t ! ,mi*igan wool gr[]s %\ld be s       
he$less ( _! own int]e/s z to ov]look   
?is important fact4 ,f 8 /atem5ts ,i    
le>n$ t ! prejudice ( ! manufactur]s    
aga9/ ,mi*igan wool 0 s great t _m ( !m 
w\ld n buy x at h>dly any price :5 !y   
c\ld get ,ohio wool4 ,he said a l>ge    
proportion ( our wool 0 poorly wa%$1 & t
 ?is 0 true ( a great proportion ( our  
f9e/ & be/ lots2 & t x 0 n only s5t to  
m>ket 9 ?is condition1 b 0 badly &      
slov5ly put up1 ) mu* l>g] tw9e ?an !y  
use 9 ,ohio1--! fleeces1 also hav+ a    
torn & jagg$ appe>ance2 & _m ( !m1 :5   
op5$1 7 f\nd to conta9 ! unwa%$ tags4   
,he1 h[ev]1 express$ himself highly     
pleas$ ) ! quality ( ! wool he _h       

pur*as$1 & said x comp>$ favorably 9 t  
respect ) any he _h ev] receiv$ f ,ohio2
 & he believ$ if our wool c\ld be s5t to
 m>ket z clean & 9 z good condition     
o!rwise z ! ,ohio wool1--& ! prejudice  
:i* has be5 creat$ aga9/ x1 9 consequ5ce
 ( ?is n hav+ be5 ! case h]et(ore1 c\ld 
once be remov$1 he d\bt$ n t ,mi*igan   
wool w\ld comm& 9 ! m>ket ! highe/      
prices & ! mo/ ready sales4  ,?is is    
c]ta9ly a s]i\s matt]1 & prompt &       
effici5t measures1 ( "s k9d1 %\ld at    
once be tak5 to rem$y ! evil2 & e       
wool-gr[] %\ld feel1 z he really is1    
p]sonally int]e/$ 9 ! "w4 ,i comm5d ?is 
subject1 g5tlem51 to y\r s]i\s          
consid]ation1 & tru/ "s conc]t ( action 
w be _h to prev5t a cont9uance ( ?is    
great evil1 & to place ,mi*igan wool :]e
 x %\ld mo/ c]ta9ly /&1 at ! head ( !   
li/4 ,if ?is c be done 9 no o!r way1 ,i 
w\ld sugge/ ! =mation ( a ,wool-,gr[]s  
,bo>d ( ,trade1 or "s o!r effici5t      
organization = ! purpose--if = no o!r--(
 trac+ out & hold+ up to scorn e        

individual :o %all aid 9 inflict+ s     
s]i\s an injury to ?is great int]e/1 & (
 do+ s great a wrong to 8 neighbors &   
fell[-citiz5s1 & t1 too1 f ! base &     
fraudul5t motive ( sell+ dirt & tags z  
f9e wool--= be assur$ t any imposition (
 ?is sort1 practic$ ^u manufactur]s1 w  
recoil ^u our own heads2 & :]e "o c5t w 
?us be sav$1 ?\s&s1 yes1 t5s ( ?\s&s (  
doll>s1 w1 z a necess>y consequ5ce1 be  
indirectly lo/ to ! f>m]s ( ,mi*igan4 ,&
 ! loss !y h su/a9$ f ?is cause dur+ !  
la/ ?ree or f\r ye>s w und\bt$ly exce$ !
 enorm\s sum ( two millions ( doll>s4   
,b ,i mu/ take leave ( ?is subject4     
,,! ,,/ate ,,agricultural ,,college4    
,p]mit me n[ to occupy y\r att5tion = a 
brief space :il/ ,i speak ( ?is         
,in/itution--! ,/ate ,agricultural      
,college--^u ^: gr\nds we are n[        
assembl$1 & :]e by ! k9dness & c\rtesy (
 its (fic]s1 we h be5 s cordially       
welcom$ & s pleasantly ent]ta9$4 ,x is  
n1 ,i ?9k1 inappropriate to ! occasion t
 ,i %\ld d s4  ,let me rem9d y !n1 9 !  

outset ( my rem>ks on ?is subject1 t ?is
 ,in/itution is 9 its e>ly infancy2 & t 
not)/&+ ! beautiful l&scape :i* is      
spread out be=e u2 ) its v]dant fields j
 spr++ into luxuriance1 dott$ ) ! f9e/  
specim5s ( ! *oice/ bre$s ( %eep &      
cattle1 ) ! ,college gr\nds skillfully  
laid out & n[ 9 process ( be+ ta/efully 
adorn$ by ,art1 a few ye>s only h be5   
numb]$ ) ! pa/ s9ce n only ?is spot1 b  
all ! surr\nd+ c\ntry1 z well z almo/ ! 
entire t]ritory ( our "y1 b noble & n[  
highly prosp]\s ,/ate1 0 an unbrok5     
wild]ness1 cov]$ ) ! primeval =e/1 !    
entangl$ woods giv+ %elt] & concealm5t  
to wild & f]oci\s bea/s1 z well z to !  
w&]+ & savage r$ man4 ,:at a *ange has  
?us be5 wr\ght 9 a few %ort ye>s6 !     
result ( ! toil & privation ( !         
adv5tur\s pione]s1 ( :om _m h already   
become intellig5t1 ent]pris+ & =eh&$    
f>m]s4  ,& m ?an ?is3 ,mi*igan1 al?\gh b
 rec5tly settl$1 & "o ( ! y\nge/ 9 !    
great si/]hood ( ,/ates1 has be5 ! fir/ 
to e/abli% a pr(essional s*ool = !      

agricultural education ( h] sons1 9 :i* 
is n only taught ! sci5ces & _!         
application to agriculture1 b also      
agriculture z an art1 ) su* exp]im5ts z 
are calculat$ to imp>t a m ?or\gh &     
practical k ( ! same2 & connect$ ) !    
/udy ( ^! a dep>tm5t ( manual labor2 !  
legitimate effect ( all :i* is to       
increase ! /ud5t's desire = k z well z 8
 love ( /udy1 & to remove ! b>ri] too   
(t5 exi/+ betwe5 ! educat$ & labor+     
classes--:i* c only be done by giv+ a   
bett] education to ^? :o labor1 & by    
remov+ ! prejudices ( ! educat$ aga9/   
labor4  ,b ,i propose to speak m        
def9itely ( ! aims & objects ( ?is      
,in/itution1 z well z its claims to !   
favor & support ( ! f>m]s ( ,mi*igan4   
,!y ne$ n be told1 ,i ?9k1 t its design 
is to promote _! b5efit4 ,b h ! f>m]s ( 
?is ,/ate1 z a class1 h]et(ore recogniz$
 ?is fact8 ,& h !y 9 return = !         
advantages :i* x proposes to !m1 giv5 x 
t c\nt5ance & enc\ragem5t :i* x claims  
at _! h&s8 ,i fe> n4 ,!re are1 x is     

true1 noble exceptions to ?is2 yet x is 
also true t a l>ge proportion ( _! numb]
 h look$ ^u x ) suspicion & di/ru/1 z   
?\gh its purpose 0 to d !m a wrong--to  
inflict ^u !m an evil4 ,!y h n m]ely    
)held f x _! aid & support1 b _! active 
influ5ce has too (t5 be5 ex]t$ to its   
disadvantage & prejudice4 ,?is is       
c]ta9ly wrong--v wrong6  ,let u look a  
little into ?is matt]4 ,is k--a k ( ^?  
sci5ces :i* are intimately connect$ )   
agriculture z an art--( no value to !   
f>m]8 ,is x necess>y t he %\ld be a dolt
 9 ord] to be fitt$ = 8 vocation8 ,w    
ignorance & bad husb&ry increase 8 crops
 or enable him to f9d a bett] m>ket = 8 
products8 ,or1 w 8 enjoym5t1 9 8 daily  
r\nd ( toil1 be any great] because      
unconsci\s t he is grop+ 8 way along 9 !
 d>k8 ,no6 ,= h[ev] t may h be5 9 ! pa/ 
x is c]ta9ly n ! case n[4 ,& al?\gh     
ignorance1 z x is said1 may be bliss1   
yet 9 ^! days1 at lea/1 x mu/ be a sort 
( negative bliss4  ,ignorance is c]ta9ly
 n p[]2 nor does x lead to weal? z a    

means ( com=table support &             
enjoym5t--:i* is ! legitimate end ( all 
labor4 ,w ignorance give respectability1
 or sweet5 ! toil ( ! husb&man8 ,w x    
elevate 8 ?\ghts & desires to high] &   
nobl] aims1 or inspire him to look f    
nature up to nature's ,god8 ,w x lead   
him in/ead ( a fix$ /olid gaze ^u ! e>? 
ov] :i* he walks1 to engage 9 ! /udy (  
^? great & omnipot5t laws :i* regulate  
all matt]1 & :i* s wond]fully1 yet      
c]ta9ly control bo? ! animal & vegetable
 k+doms8 ,no6 ,x w accompli% none ( ^!  
desirable ends1 b ! v rev]se ( !m all4  
,?is proposition is s self-evid5t to    
intellig5t m51 t to advance x to su* an 
audi5ce z ! "o be=e me--except z ! basis
 ( an argum5t--mu/ be entirely          
sup]flu\s4 ,b :at 0 ! social position ( 
! f>m]s1 let me ask--ev5 9 ?is highly   
favor$ c\ntry--fifty or sixty ye>s ago8 
,7 !y n !n reg>d$ z m5 )\t k--devoid    
almo/ ( s5sibilities--unfitt$ = any?+   
except ! m]e r\t9e ( daily labor &      
toil--& capable only ( delv+ 9 ! soil   

day by day8 ,& 7 !y n !n consid]$1 ev5  
by !mselves z well z by o!rs1 z occupy+ 
! v l[e/ position 9 ! scale ( society8  
,su* 7 ! facts4 ,e p]son :o 0 reg>d$ z  
too ignorant & uncultivat$ = o!r        
pursuits1 01 by common cons5t1 consid]$ 
z hav+ a prescriptive "r to f>m+ z a    
vocation4 ,9 fact ignorance 0 reg>d$ z !
 prop] & suffici5t diploma = ! f>m]4 ,& 
z a consequ5ce he 0 n only poor & )\t   
influ5ce1 b too (t5 consid]$ by o!rs z  
)\t respectability m]ely because he 0 a 
f>m]2 & all t 0 conc$$ to him--9 fact   
all t he claim$ = himself--0 a simple   
subsi/5ce ^u ! h>de/ f>e1 )\t any ( !   
luxuries1 & v (t5 ) a sc>city ( !       
necess>ies ( life4  ,rememb]1 ,i am     
speak+ ( ! f>m]s1 z a class1 fifty or   
sixty ye>s ago--be=e !re 7 any c\nty    
fairs1 or agricultural colleges1        
newspap]s or magaz9es1 & :5 agriculture 
0 ! result ( labor )\t k1 sy/em or      
calculation4  ,b al?\gh ! f>m]s h em]g$ 
f ?is condition v sl[ly1 yet :at is _!  
position n[8 ,are !y n reg>d$ z be+ on a

 level at lea/ ) ^? ( o!r call+s 9      
social importance8 ,d !y n occupy       
positions ( confid5ce & tru/ 9 society8 
,are !y n f\nd 9 our ,legislative ,halls
 9 fair proportion ) m5 ( diff]5t       
pursuits8 ,?is is c]ta9ly true3 & !     
advance alone is ! result ( a high]     
m5tal culture--( a wid] range ( ?\ght--&
 ( an increas$ fund ( k1 & consequ5tly (
 an improv$ sy/em ( f>m+4  ,& if !      
advance ( agriculture & ! condition ( ! 
f>m] h be5 t>dy1 z comp>$ ) ! improvem5t
 9 o!r dep>tm5ts ( labor--9 o!r         
avocations ( life--x is solely because  
sci5ce & /udy h n z soon be5 appli$ to  
agriculture--& because also ! f>m] has n
 be5 p]mitt$ ! advantages result+ f s   
e>ly a developm5t ( facts connect$ ) 8  
call+ z h o!r classes ( m54  ,b ! great 
"w is n[ fairly 9 progress ( elevat+ !  
f>m] to 8 true position 9 ! social ord] 
( society--( tea*+ him t 8 vocation1    
in/ead ( be+ ! dull1 un9tellectual lot (
 ! ignorant1 is ! mo/ noble & dignifi$1 
z well z ! mo/ conducive to m5's        

happ9ess 9 :i* he c be engag$2 & no?+ is
 n[ want+ to secure ! /eady advancem5t (
 ?is "w1 b = ! f>m]s to d ju/ice to     
!mselves & to _! call+1 by lay+ hold ( !
 means = t end :i* are plac$ )9 _! rea*4
 ,assum+ all ?is to be und5iably true1  
:]e c be f\nd m pot5t ag5cies 9 ! "w (  
elevation ?an ,agricultural ,colleges8  
,& :y1 !n1 %\ld any f>m] 9 ?is ,/ate    
hold back f giv+ ?is ,in/itution 8      
cordial & he>ty support8 ,& /rang]      
/ill--:y %\ld he put himself 9          
antagonism to its success8 ,su* an      
attitude1 to my m9d1 is n m]ely unwise1 
b prepo/]\s--yes1 suicidal4 ,if !       
,college is n :at x %\ld be1 ! m 8      
self-int]e/ %\ld prompt him to be/[ ^u x
 8 aid4 ,x is ! ,f>m]s'                 
,in/itution--f\nd$ = 8 b5efit1 at mu*   
co/2 & if he does n feel an int]e/ 9 x &
 labor to make x a success1 :o w8 ,:o   
%\ld8  ,b :y h a portion ( ! f>m]s (    
,mi*igan seem$ to look ) di/ru/ ^u ?is  
,in/itution1 & 9 "s cases1 ,i regret to 
say1 seem$ to reg>d x z a sort ( wrong  

to !mselves2 & if !y h n actually       
oppos$1 h1 at lea/1 )held f x _!        
support8 ,i mu/ confess1 t %\ld ,i give 
:at seem$ to me to be ! true answ] to ^!
 que/ions1 x might be reg>d$ by "s :o h 
n v c>efully look$ into ! subject1 z an 
assumption on my "p unw>rant$ by facts4 
,w\ld t x 7 s2 t ,i 7 mi/ak54 ,b hav+   
giv5 ! subject "s little ?\ght &        
inve/igation1 y w1 ,i tru/1 p]mit me !  
hone/ expression ( my own views ^u ?is  
important matt]4 ,x is = t purpose &    
none o!r1 t ,i am "h4 ,b y1 ,mr4        
,presid5t1 z well z all ^? n[ pres5t1 c 
c]ta9ly take no p]sonal exception to ^! 
views1 z ! v fact ( su* pres5ce %[s t y 
are n ( ! class to :i* ,i may allude2 & 
,i am gratifi$ 9 be+ able to say t ,i   
believe !re are v _m o!rs1 n pres5t1 :o 
are ! w>m & devot$ fri5ds ( ?is         
,in/itution2 & :o1 ) y1 ,i mo/ c]ta9ly  
hope1 con/itute ! rule & n ! exception4 
,b ! answ]3 ,& 9 giv+ :i*1 ,i w avail   
myself ( ! privilege conc$$ to a c]ta9  
class ( m51--t ( answ]+ "o "q by ask+   

ano!r4 ,:y !n d m5 ev] oppose or neglect
 _! own int]e/s8 ,to my m9d1 only f want
 ( k1 f prejudice or self-w--or "s o!r (
 ! same brood ( enemies to man's success
 9 laudable und]tak+s2 & ( :i* ignorance
 is ! *ief1 & may be reg>d$ z ! prolific
 s\rce ( all ! o!rs4 ,9 ?is case1       
und\bt$ly1 z 9 o!rs1 "s are oppos$ f a  
m]e notion ( opposition1 or f a m]e :im2
 o!rs aga91 simply to agree )1 or diff] 
f1 "s1 :o are ei!r 9 favor or oppos$2   
:il/ "s mu/ oppose :atev] !y !mselves d 
n orig9ate2--&1 o!rs aga91 h no d\bt be5
 l$ hone/ly to ent]ta9 a di/ru/ :i* has 
f9ally gr[n into an opposition1 ?r\gh ! 
influ5ce ( misrepres5tations1 or f a    
p]v]sion ( facts by ^? ^: int]e/s1 f "s 
cause1 are at v>iance ) its success4  ,b
 ,i am q c]ta9 t ! :ole opposition &    
indiff]5ce to ?is ,in/itution1 s f> z x 
may come f ! f>m]s !mselves1 is         
unnatural & fictiti\s1 & w soon pass    
away z does ev]y?+ else :i* is built ^u 
su* f\ndation4 ,x is said by "s t !     
,in/itution has be5 a mi/ake f ! beg9n+2

 t x 0 locat$ wrong2 t x 0 n />t$ "r2 t 
x has be5 badly manag$2 & t x is an     
exp5sive conc]n1 & w nev] pay2 & a great
 deal m4 ,b x is v easy to say all ?is1 
& yet !re may be v little reality 9 x1 &
 /ill less reason4  ,let me "h say to ! 
objectors & fault-f9d]s1--suppose all   
?is be true8 :o !n is to blame8 ,is !   
,in/itution itself responsible = all ^! 
mi/akes8 ,or1 are !y n r ! consequ5ces (
 unavoidable & unt[>d circum/ances1     
magnifi$ & aggravat$ by y\r opposition1 
& ov] :i* its fri5ds & manag]s c\ld h no
 possible control4 ,i admit !           
probability t ! e>ly success ( !        
,college w\ld h be5 m c]ta9ly secur$1 _h
 an old & highly cultivat$ f>m be5      
pur*as$ = ! purpose2 b = ?is ! means 7  
want+4 ,y say1 p]haps1 t ,college /ud5ts
 %\ld n be requir$ to cle> l& & dig     
/umps4 ,true2 b :5 ! (fic]s & manag]s ( 
su* an ,in/itution are compell$ to d    
?is1 & to rea* ! end desir$ z be/ !y may
 ?r\gh su* means1 !y are c]ta9ly entitl$
 to all praise1 & ri*ly des]ve ! me$ (  

comm5dation = ev5 p>tial success1 & :i* 
%\ld be all ! de>] to u because ( be+   
rea*$ "u su* adv]se circum/ances4 ,t !  
facilities :i* ! ,college n[ possesses  
are inadequate to ! prop] accommodation 
( ^? :o wi% to avail !mselves ( its     
advantages1 & ev5 to ! ext5t ( ! limit$ 
numb] ( /ud5ts n[ belong+ to x1 is      
c]ta9ly to be regrett$4 ,b ?is is an    
evil to be ov]come by ! pati5t & p]si/5t
 ef=ts ( its fri5ds1 & n by ! antagonism
 & opposition ( its enemies2 by mak+ !  
mo/ out ( ! limit$ means at comm&1 & n  
by ab&on+ ! :ole because ! means are n  
n[ all we c\ld desire4 ,t its managem5t 
may h be5 a matt] ( criticism ) ^? :o h 
kn[n b little ab\t x1 or :o h tak5      
little or no pa9s to inve/igate ! facts1
 is n /range2 yet1 = "o1 ,i am cle>ly ( 
! op9ion t--:5 all ! difficulties ) :i* 
x has _h to cont5d1 are duly            
consid]$--its managem5t1 ?us f>1 has be5
 all t any p]son c\ld reasonably hope = 
or expect2 & m--t its (fic]s & pr(essors
 are entitl$ to great cr$it & mu*       

praise1 = secur+ "u s mu* disc\ragem5t1 
t degree ( success :i* is app>5t "h ev5 
to ! casual obs]v]2 & claim ( u1 & are  
entitl$ to receive at our h&s1 a prop] &
 j recognition ( _! valuable s]vices1 & 
! fidelity ) :i* !y h be5 r5d]$4        
99       99       99       99       99  
,f>m]s ( ,mi*igan6 ,be n l$ a/ray by su*
 objections z ,i h /at$1 or by any o!rs 
( a simil> import4 ,y h "h a noble      
,in/itution1 9 fai?ful & compet5t       
h&s--"o t w soon be ( incalculable value
 to y--& "o1 too1 t w reflect mu* cr$it 
n only ^u y1 b ^u ! :ole ,/ate4 ,&      
al?\gh x may n n[ be all y c\ld wi% or  
desire1 yet :5 we consid] :at x n[ is 9 
view ( ! difficulties ) :i* x has _h to 
cont5d1 we h a sure gu>antee1 t x w yet 
be a success & w realize all y\r        
reasonable expectations4 ,let me ask (  
y1 9 all e>ne/ness & c&or1 to give x n[ 
y\r w>m1 y\r he>ty support1 s t y may n 
only assi/ 9 secur+ = y\rselves & !     
public ! great end ( its e/abli%m5t1 b t
 y may1 by & by1 safely1 & )\t ! fe> (  

successful contradiction1 lay claim to !
 honor ( be+ among its e>ly fri5ds &    
uphold]s4 ,!re is some?+ noble &        
magnanim\s 9 r5d]+ sub/antial aid &     
support to a cause 9 ! h\r ( its        
weakness & 9 ! "t ( its ne$2 :il/ !re is
 some?+ n only selfi% b mean1 9 /epp+   
=w>d ) pr(f]s ( assi/ance1 & ) spuri\s  
claims ( imag9>y or int5d$ favor1 :5 su*
 assi/ance is no long] ne$$1 & :5 ! heat
 & burd5 ( ! day has be5 borne by o!rs2 
=1 be assur$1 t ! "t is com+ :5 no f>m] 
w covet ! di/9ction ( hav+ be5 among !  
numb] ( ! enemies ( ?is ,in/itution4  ,!
 advantages ( our ,agricultural         
,college1 9 connection ) an exp]im5tal  
f>m1 are too obvi\s to e intellig5t m9d 
to require t ,i %\ld occupy y\r "t 9    
dwell+ ^u !m4 ,&1 :5 ,i speak ( an      
exp]im5tal f>m1 ,i d n mean a m]e model 
f>m1 by :i* a specim5 ( good f>m+ only  
is exhibit$2 b1 l ?is1 a f>m embrac+ a  
v>iety ( soils--adapt$ to an ext5sive   
range ( exp]im5ts--& :]e ! value ( !    
diff]5t k9ds ( gra9 may be te/$1 z well 

z ! relative advantages ( diff]5t modes 
( tillage2 ! relative effect & value1 by
 actual trial1 z well z by analysis1 (  
v>i\s manures z f]tiliz]s2 & ! economy (
 labor2 z well z ! comp>ative value ( ! 
diff]5t bre$s ( cattle1 %eep1 horses1   
sw9e1 c41 c41 ) a view to ! introduction
 & dissem9ation among ! f>m]s ( ! ,/ate1
 ( su* z %\ld prove ! mo/ pr(itable2 or 
( su* z c\ld be mo/ successfully us$ =  
obta9+ ! mo/ desirable grades4 ,su* a   
f>m z ?is1 "u ! effici5t & skillful     
managem5t ( its pres5t able & p]sev]+   
,sup]9t5d5t1 _c fail to be ( v great    
b5efit to ! f>m]s ( ?is ,/ate1 & %\ld1  
bo? z a matt] ( duty to o!rs & ( int]e/ 
to !mselves1 receive _! unit$ & g5]\s   
support4 ,& ,i am firmly ( ! op9ion t :5
 !y %all af=d ?is ,in/itution su* aid1 x
 w soon become "o ( ! fir/ among our    
noble in/itutions ( le>n+1 & w be a j   
cause ( pride1 n m]ely to ! f>m]s       
!mselves1 b to e intellig5t p]son       
?r\gh\t ! :ole ext5t ( our noble ,/ate4 
,& n[ let me invoke1 = ! future         

prosp]ity & success ( ?is ,college1 n   
m]ely ! lib]ality ( ! f>m]s--or :at !y  
may reg>d z su*--9 ! paym5t ( a trifl+  
tax = its ma9t5ance1 b :at is ( equal   
importance1 & :i* x has a "r to dem& 9  
ju/ice to itself--_! e>ne/ advocacy (   
its claims4   ,,agricultural ,,college  
,,/ud5ts4  ,b ,i h already1 ,i fe>1     
trespass$ q too f> ^u y\r pati5ce1 &    
%\ld1 p]haps1 be=e ?is1 h reliev$ y f   
fur!r infliction4 ,yet see+ be=e me1    
_m--if n all--( ! /ud5ts ( ?is ,college1
 ,i mu/ beg y\r indulg5ce = a mom5t     
long]1 :il/ ,i address to !m a v few    
rem>ks4  ,let me say1 !n1 to y1 "y      
g5tlem51 t y are n[ 9 ! enjoym5t (      
privileges = ! acquisition ( t k s      
ess5tial to success 9 aft] life1 :i* 7  
d5i$ to me--& ! abs5ce ( :i* ,i h felt z
 a great & s]i\s loss ?r\gh ! :ole p]iod
 ( my exi/5ce4 ,see to x t y place a j  
value ^u ^! privileges1 & t y d n abuse 
!m4 ,:il/ mo/ ( y1 ,i tru/1 are fitt+   
y\rselves = ! employm5t ( f>m+ z an     
avocation1 "s1 p]haps1 may be look+ =w>d

 to o!r pr(essions & pursuits4 ,i1      
h[ev]1 on ?is occasion1 mu/ conf9e my   
rem>ks to ^? ( ! =m] class4  ,& to su*  
,i w\ld briefly rem>k1 t ! value &      
importance ( an agricultural education  
to ! y\? ^: lives are to be devot$ to ! 
highly reputable occupation ( f>m+1 beg9
 n[ to be admitt$1 & happy w x be = our 
common c\ntry1 :5 su* education %all be 
reg>d$ z a necessity4 ,labor is no long]
 degrad+1 b is cr$itable & dignifi$2 &  
agricultural pursuits are no long]      
reg>d$ z disgraceful or ignoble by any  
except ! fop & ! coxcomb1 b are ( all   
employm5ts ! mo/ honorable 9 :i* m5 c be
 engag$4 ,nor is x1 z has be5 too (t5   
suppos$1 a *e]less life ( toil &        
fatigue1 b has _m sub/antial & ende>+   
*>ms4 ,x is also ! f\nta9-head = !      
supply ( all our wants2 & :5 contra/$ ) 
o!r employm5ts1 its advantages _c fail  
to be appreciat$4 ,:il/ ^? :o seek a    
pr(ession mu/ be cont5t to sp5d _m we>y 
ye>s ( wa/+ /udy--( con/ant             
/ruggle--be=e !y c beg9 to live1 ! f>m] 

has at once be=e him1 heal? & quiet1    
ease & cont5tm5t1 z well z ! enjoym5t ( 
sob] pleasures :i* d n cloy1 & :il/ !   
*ances ( ^? :o engage 9 comm]cial       
pursuits are1 t ab\t n9ety-five out ( e 
"o hundr$ are de/9$ to failure1 ! f>m]  
is exempt f su* a haz>d1 = ! *ances (   
failure ) him are f\nd to be only ab\t  
f\r 9 e "o hundr$4  ,i d n1 ( c\rse1 9  
?is comp>ison1 include ^? :o1 hav+ no l&
 ( _! own1 are oblig$ to toil = o!rs z  
labor]s1 & :o _c !re=e be rank$ z f>m]s4
  ,to ! f>m]1 if ea* day does br+ its   
labors1 x also br+s its pleasures2 & ev5
 z he toils 9 8 du/y fields1 he c d]ive 
unalloy$ pleasures1 n only f ! /udy &   
c>e ( 8 bleat+ flocks & l[+ h]ds1 b f ! 
prospect ( an abundant h>ve/ z he looks 
ov] 8 fields ( wav+ gra9 or contemplates
 8 or*>ds ( ri* & lusci\s fruits4 ,& ea*
 day r5ews to him ^! pure & sub/antial  
pleasures1 :i* af=d n only              
gratification1 b heal?4 ,) ! f>m] !re   
are no all-absorb+ c>es1 no corrod+     
anxieties1 no vitiat+ excitem5t4 ,he is 

measurably fre$ f ! s$uctions ( en]vat+ 
pleasures4 ,f ! gre5 fields & fre% air  
he dr9ks con/ant draughts ( inspiration4
 ,8 great /udy is1 or %\ld be1 ,nature &
 ,nature's ,god4 ,to him ea* season has 
its pr(its & its pleasures2 = he kn[s t 
:ile he re/s or sleeps 8 fields are     
work+ = him4 ,he is also fre$1 9 a great
 measure1 f ! baleful influ5ces :i*     
att5d t false ambition s (t5 excit$ by  
o!r pursuits4  ,my "y fri5ds1 :5 y leave
 y\r ,alma ,mat] & fix ^u y\r r\te =    
life's j\rney1 let y\r *oice ( a        
pr(ession be c>efully & wisely made2 &  
!n1 ) undeviat+ c\rse1 pursue x /eadily 
& p]si/5tly to ! end1 = 9 ?is only w be 
f\nd y\r reasonable *ances ( ultimate   
success4         99       99       99   
99       99  ,mr4 ,presid5t1 ,i h       
already deta9$ y & ?is audi5ce q too    
long2 & ) _m ?anks = y\r k9d & pati5t   
att5tion1 ,i w n[ br+ my rem>ks to a    
close4         99       99       99     
99       99  ,transcrib]'s note   ,!    
foll[+ *anges h be5 made to ! text3     

,page #aa3 rec5tly vi/$ *ang$ to rec5tly
 visit$4  ,page #ab3 n g5]ally k[n *ang$
 to n g5]ally kn[n4  ,page #ai3 kn[lege 
s ess5tial *ang$ to k s ess5tial4