,or?odoxy3 ,its ,tru?s ,& ,errors ,by ,james ,freeman ,cl>ke 8,soleo enim 9 all5a ca/ra transire1 non tanquam transfuga1 s$ tanquam explorator40--,,s5eca1 ,epi/ol1 #b4 8,fiat lux4 ,cupio refelli1 ubi ab]r>im2 nihil majus1 nihil aliud quam v]itatem efflagito40--,,?omas ,,burnet1 ,ar*4 ,phil4 ,f\rte5? ,edition4 ,bo/on3 ,am]ican ,unit>ian ,association4 #ahhj4 ,,cont5ts ,preface4 ,*apt] ,i4 ,introduction4 #a4 ,object & ,"* ( ?is ,book4 #b4 ,progress requires t we %\ld look back z well z =w>d4 #c4 ,or?odoxy z ,"r ,belief4 #d4 ,or?odoxy z ! ,doctr9e ( ! ,majority4 ,objections4 #e4 ,or?odoxy z ! ,olde/ ,doctr9e4 ,objections4 #f4 ,or?odoxy z ! ,doctr9e held by all4 #g4 ,or?odoxy1 z a ,=mula1 n to be f\nd4 #h4 ,or?odoxy z ,convictions und]ly+ ,op9ions4 #i4 ,sub/antial ,tru? & ,=mal ,error 9 all great ,doctr9al ,sy/ems4 #aj4 ,importance ( ?is ,di/9ction4 #aa4 ,! ,or?odox & ,lib]al ,p>ties 9 ,new ,engl&4 ,*apt] ,,ii4 ,! ,pr9ciple ,& ,idea ,( ,or?odoxy ,/at$ ,& ,exam9$4 #a4 ,! ,pr9ciple ( ,or?odoxy def9$4 #b4 ,logical ,g5esis ( ! ,pr9ciple ( ,or?odoxy4 #c4 ,or?odoxy assum$ to be ! ,belief ( ! ,majority4 #d4 ,het]odoxy ?us becomes s9ful4 #e4 ,! ,doctr9e ( ,ess5tials & ,non-ess5tials leads to ,rome4 #f4 ,fallacy 9 ?is ,or?odox ,argum5t4 #g4 ,! ?ree ,t5d5cies 9 ! ,*ur*4 #h4 ,! ,p>ty ( ,works4 #i4 ,! ,p>ty ( ,emotion 9 ,*ri/ianity4 #aj4 ,! ,fai? ,p>ty 9 ,religion4 #aa4 ,tru? 9 ! ,or?odox ,idea4 #ab4 ,error 9 ! ,or?odox ,pr9ciple4 #ac4 ,fai?1 ,k1 ,belief1 ,op9ion4 ,*apt] ,,iii4 ,! ,or?odox ,idea ,( ,natural ,& ,reveal$ ,religion2 ,or1 ,naturalism ,& ,sup]naturalism4 #a4 ,mean+ ( ,natural & ,sup]natural4 #b4 ,! ,creation ,sup]natural4 #c4 ,! ,"q /at$4 #d4 ,argum5t ( ! ,sup]naturali/ f successive ,geologic ,creations4 #e4 ,sup]natural ,argum5t f ,human ,fre$om4 #f4 ,sup]natural ,ev5ts n necess>ily ,violations ( ,law4 #g4 ,life & ,hi/ory conta9 ,sup]natural ,ev5ts4 #h4 ,! ,error ( ,or?odox ,sup]naturalism4 #i4 ,no ,conflict betwe5 ,naturalism & ,sup]naturalism4 #aj4 ,fur!r ,errors ( ,or?odox ,sup]naturalism--,gulf betwe5 ,*ri/ianity & all o!r ,religions4 #aa4 ,*ri/ianity consid]$ unnatural1 z well z sup]natural by be+ made ho/ile to ! ,nature ( ,man4 ,*apt] ,,iv4 ,tru?s ,& ,errors ,z ,reg>ds ,miracles4 #a4 ,! ,subject /at$4 ,f\r ,que/ions conc]n+ ,miracles4 #b4 ,! ,def9ition ( a ,miracle4 #c4 ,! diff]5t ,explanations ( ! ,miracles ( ! ,bible4 #d4 ,criticism on ^! ,diff]5t ,views ( ,miracles4 #e4 ,miracles no ,pro( ( ,*ri/ianity4 #f4 ,b ,or?odoxy is "r 9 ma9ta9+ _! ,reality z ,hi/oric ,facts4 #g4 ,analogy ) o!r ,simil> ,ev5ts record$ 9 ,hi/ory4 #h4 ,miracle ( ! ,resurrection4 ,sceptical ,objections4 #i4 ,f9al ,result ( ?is ,exam9ation4 ,*apt] ,v4 ,or?odox ,idea ,( ,! ,inspiration ,& ,au?ority ,( ,! ,bible4 #a4 ,subject ( ?is ,*apt]4 ,?ree ,views conc]n+ ! ,bible4 #b4 ,! ,difficulty4 ,antiquity ( ! ,_w1 & ,age ( ,mank9d4 #c4 ,basis ( ! ,or?odox ,!ory ( ,inspiration4 #d4 ,inspiration 9 g5]al1 or ,natural ,inspiration4 #e4 ,*ri/ian or ,sup]natural ,inspiration4 #f4 ,inspiration ( ! ,scriptures1 especially ( ! ,new ,te/am5t ,scriptures4 #g4 ,au?ority ( ! ,scriptures4 #h4 ,! ,*ri/ian ,prepossession4 #i4 ,conclusion4 ,*apt] ,,vi4 ,or?odox ,idea ,( ,s91 ,z ,depravity ,& ,z ,guilt4 #a4 ,! ,"q /at$4 #b4 ,! f\r ,mom5ts or ,*>act]s ( ,evil4 ,! ,fall1 ,natural ,depravity1 ,total ,depravity1 ,inability4 #c4 ,or?odox & ,lib]al ,view ( ,man1 z morally diseas$ or o!rwise4 #d4 ,s9 z ,disease4 #e4 ,doctr9e ( ! ,fall 9 ,adam1 & ,natural ,depravity4 ,_! ,tru? & ,error4 #f4 ,exam9ation ( ,romans1 #e3ab-ba4 #g4 ,or?odox ,view ( ,total ,depravity & ,inability4 #h4 ,pro( ,texts4 #i4 ,tru? 9 ! ,doctr9e ( ,total ,depravity4 #aj4 ,ability & ,inability4 #aa4 ,or?odox ,doctr9e ( ,inability4 #ab4 ,"s fur!r ,features ( ,or?odox ,!ology conc]n+ ,human ,s9fulness4 ,*apt] ,,vii4 ,conv]sion ,& ,reg5]ation4 #a4 ,or?odoxy recognizes only two ,conditions 9 :i* ,man c be f\nd4 #b4 ,crisis & ,developm5t4 #c4 ,nature ( ! ,*ange4 #d4 ,its ,reality & ,importance4 #e4 ,is x ! ,"w ( ,god1 or ( ! ,man himself8 ,or?odox ,difficulty4 #f4 ,solv$ by ! ,di/9ction betwe5 ,conv]sion & ,reg5]ation4 #g4 ,m5 may be divid$1 religi\sly1 into ?ree ,classes1 n two4 #h4 ,diff]5ce betwe5 ,conv]sion & ,reg5]ation4 #i4 ,unsatisfactory ,attitude ( ! ,or?odox ,*ur*4 #aj4 ,! ,ess5tial ,?+ = ,man is to rep5t & be conv]t$2 t is1 to make x 8 ,purpose to obey ,god 9 all ,?+s4 #aa4 ,reg5]ation is ,god's ,"w 9 ! ,s\l4 ,exam9ation ( ! ,classical ,passage1 or conv]sation ( ,jesus ) ,nicodemus4 #ab4 ,evid5ces ( ,reg5]ation4 ,*apt] ,,viii4 ,! ,or?odox ,idea ,( ,! ,son ,( ,god4 #a4 ,or?odox ,doctr9e /at$4 #b4 ,?is ,doctr9e gradually develop$4 #c4 ,unit>ian ,objections4 #d4 ,sub/antial ,tru? 9 ?is ,doctr9e4 #e4 ,=mal ,error ( ! ,or?odox ,/atem5t4 #f4 ,errors ( ,arianism & ,naturalism4 ,*apt] ,,ix4 ,ju/ification ,by ,fai?4 #a4 ,?is ,doctr9e ( ,paul n obsolete4 #b4 ,its ,mean+ & ,importance4 #c4 ,ne$ ( ,ju/ification = ! ,consci5ce4 #d4 ,reaction ( ,s9 on ! ,s\l4 #e4 ,diff]5t ,me?ods ( obta9+ ,=giv5ess4 #f4 ,me?od 9 ,*ri/ianity4 #g4 ,result4 #h4 ,its ,hi/ory 9 ! ,*ur*4 #i4 ,or?odox ,errors1 at ! pres5t ,"t1 9 ,reg>d to ,ju/ification by ,fai?4 #aj4 ,errors ( ,lib]al ,*ri/ians4 ,*apt] ,x4 ,or?odox ,idea ,( ,! ,atonem5t4 #a4 ,confusion 9 ! ,or?odox ,/atem5t4 #b4 ,great ,importance attribut$ to ?is ,doctr9e4 #c4 ,/ress laid on ! ,dea? ( ,jesus 9 ! ,scripture4 #d4 ,difficulty 9 int]pret+ ^! ,scripture ,passages4 #e4 ,!ological ,!ories bas$ on ! ,figurative ,language ( ! ,new ,te/am5t4 #f4 ,! ?ree pr9cipal ,views ( ! ,atonem5t--w>like1 legal1 & gov]nm5tal4 #g4 ,impression made by ,*ri/'s ,dea? on ! ,m9ds ( 8 ,disciples4 ,fir/ ,!ory on ! ,subject 9 ! ,epi/le to ! ,hebrews4 #h4 ,value ( ,suff]+ z a ,means ( ,education4 #i4 ,! ,human ,consci5ce sugge/s ! ,ne$ ( "s ,satisfaction 9 ord] to our ,=giv5ess4 #aj4 ,h[ ! ,dea? ( ,jesus br+s ,m5 to ,god4 #aa4 ,?is ,law ( ,vic>i\s ,suff]+ univ]sal4 #ab4 ,?is ,law illu/rat$ f ,hi/ory--9 ! ,dea? ( ,socrates1 ,joan ( ,arc1 ,savon>ola1 & ,abraham ,l9coln4 #ac4 ,dr4 ,bu%nell's ,view ( ! ,atonem5t4 #ad4 ,results ( ?is ,discussion4 ,*apt] ,,xi4 ,call+1 ,election1 ,& ,reprobation4 #a4 ,or?odox ,doctr9e4 #b4 ,scripture ,basis = ?is ,doctr9e4 #c4 ,relation ( ! ,div9e ,decree to ,human ,fre$om4 #d4 ,hi/ory ( ! ,doctr9e ( ,election & ,pr$e/9ation4 #e4 ,election is to ,"w & ,opportunity "h1 n to ,heav5 h]eaft]4 ,h[ ,jacob 0 elect$1 & h[ ! ,jews 7 a ,*os5 ,p4 #f4 ,h[ o!r ,nations 7 elect$ & call$4 #g4 ,h[ diff]5t ,d5om9ations are elect$4 #h4 ,h[ ,individuals are elect$4 #i4 ,h[ ,jesus 0 elect$ to be ! ,*ri/4 #aj4 ,o!r ,illu/rations ( ,individual ,call+ & ,election4 ,*apt] ,,xii4 ,immortality ,& ,! ,resurrection4 #a4 ,or?odox ,doctr9e4 #b4 ,! ,doctr9e ( ,immortality z taught by ,reason1 ! ,in/9ctive ,consci\sness1 & ,scripture4 #c4 ,! ,?ree ,pr9cipal ,views ( ,dea?--! ,pagan1 ,jewi%1 & ,*ri/ian4 #d4 ,et]nal ,life1 z taught 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t1 n endless ,future ,exi/5ce1 b pres5t ,spiritual ,life4 #e4 ,resurrection1 & its real ,mean+1 z a ,ris+ up1 & n a ,ris+ aga94 #f4 ,resurrection ( ! ,body1 z taught 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t1 n a ,ris+ aga9 ( ! same ,body1 b ! ,asc5t into a high] ,body4 ,*apt] ,,xiii4 ,*ri/'s ,com+1 ,usually ,call$ ,! 8,second ,com+10 ,& ,*ri/ ,! ,judge ,( ,! ,_w4 #a4 ,! ,com+ ( ,*ri/ is n :olly future1 n :olly outw>d1 n local1 nor mat]ial4 #b4 ,no ,second ,com+ ( ,*ri/ is m5tion$ 9 ,scripture4 #c4 ,7 ! ,apo/les mi/ak5 9 expect+ a spe$y ,com+ ( ,*ri/8 #d4 ,exam9ation ( ! ,acc\nt ( ,*ri/'s ,com+ giv5 by ,jesus 9 ,mat!w 7*apt]s #bd-bf74 #e4 ,com+ ( ,*ri/ 9 ,human ,hi/ory at diff]5t ,times4 #f4 ,relation ( ! ,p>able ( ! ,virg9s1 & ( ! ,tal5ts1 to ,*ri/'s ,com+4 #g4 ,relation ( ! ,acc\nt ( ! ,judgm5t by ! ,messiah1 9 ,matt4 *4 #be1 to 8 ,com+4 #h4 ,h[ ,*ri/ is1 & h[ he is n1 to judge ! ,_w4 #i4 ,:5 ,*ri/'s ,judgm5t takes ,place4 #aj4 ,paul's ,view ( ! ,judgm5t by ,*ri/4 #aa4 ,f9al ,result4 ,*apt] ,,xiv4 ,et]nal ,puni%m5t1 ,annihilation1 ,univ]sal ,re/oration4 #a4 ,diff]5t ,views conc]n+ ! ,condition ( ! ,imp5it5t h]eaft]4 #b4 ,! ,doctr9e ( ,ev]la/+ ,puni%m5t1 z held by ! ,or?odox at ! ,pres5t ,"t4 #c4 ,app>5t ,contradictions1 bo? 9 ,scripture & ,reason1 9 ,reg>d to ?is ,doctr9e4 #d4 ,ev]la/+ ,puni%m5t limits ! ,sov]eignty ( ,god4 #e4 ,ev]la/+ ,puni%m5t contradicts ! ,fa!rly ,love ( ,god4 #f4 ,attempts to modify & s(t5 ! ,doctr9e ( ,ev]la/+ ,puni%m5t4 #g4 ,! mean+ ( ,et]nal ,puni%m5t 9 ,scripture4 #h4 ,h[ ,judgm5t by ,*ri/ is connect$ ) ,puni%m5t4 #i4 ,! ,doctr9e ( ,annihilation4 #aj4 ,! ,doctr9e ( ,univ]sal ,re/oration4 ,*apt] ,,xv4 ,! ,*ri/ian ,*ur*4 #a4 ,! ,"q /at$4 #b4 ,or?odox ,doctr9e ( ! ,*ur*--,roman ,ca?olic & ,high ,*ur*4 #c4 ,! ,prote/ant ,or?odox ,idea ( ! ,*ur*4 #d4 ,*ri/'s ,idea ( a ,*ur*1 or ! ,k+dom ( ,heav54 #e4 ,*ur* ( ! ,leav51 or ! ,invisible ,*ur*4 #f4 ,! ,*ur* ( ! ,mu/>d-se$4 #g4 ,primitive & ,apo/olic ,*ur*1 or ,*ur* z x 04 #h4 ,! ,actual ,*ur*1 or ! ,*ur* z x is4 #i4 ,! ,*ur* ,ideal1 or ,*ur* z x ought to be4 #aj4 ,! ,*ur* ,possible1 or ,*ur* z x c be4 ,*apt] ,,xvi4 ,! ,tr9ity4 #a4 ,def9ition ( ! ,*ur* ,doctr9e4 #b4 ,hi/ory ( ! ,doctr9e4 #c4 ,errors 9 ! ,*ur* ,doctr9e ( ! ,tr9ity4 #d4 ,! ,tr9ity ( ,manife/ations f\nd$ 9 ! ,tru? ( ,?+s4 #e4 ,x is 9 ,h>mony ) ,scripture4 #f4 ,practical value ( ! ,tr9ity1 :5 rightly und]/ood4 ,app5dix4 ,critical ,notices4 #a4 ,on ! ,def5ce ( ,nesci5ce 9 ,!ology1 by ,h]b]t ,sp5c] & ,h5ry ,l4 ,mansel4 #b4 ,on ! ,def5ce ( ,v]bal ,inspiration by ,gauss54 #c4 ,def5ce ( ! ,doctr9e t ,s9 is a ,nature1 by ,pr(essor ,%$d4 #d4 ,def5ce ( ,ev]la/+ ,puni%m5t1 by ,dr4 ,nehemiah ,adams & ,dr4 ,j4 ,p4 ,?ompson4 #e4 ,def5ce ( ! ,tr9ity1 by ,fr$]ick ,d4 ,hunt+ton1 ,d4 ,d4 ,footnotes ,,preface4 ,! ,prote/ant ,re=mation has its ,pr9ciple & its ,me?od4 ,its ,pr9ciple is ,salvation by ,fai?1 n by ,sacram5ts4 ,its ,me?od is ,private ,judgm5t1 n ,*ur* ,au?ority4 ,b private judgm5t g5]ates au?ority2 au?ority1 fir/ legitimate1 t ( k1 gr[s into ! illegitimate au?ority ( prescription1 call+ itself ,or?odoxy4 ,!n ,private ,judgm5t comes =? aga9 to criticise & re=m4 ,x ?us becomes ! duty ( ea* individual to judge ! ,*ur*2 & out ( innum]able individual judgm5ts ! insight ( ! ,*ur* is kept liv+ & progressive4 ,we contribute "o su* private judgm5t2 n1 we tru/1 9 conceit1 b 9 ! hope ( provok+ o!r m9ds to fur!r exam9ations4 ,,*apt] ,i4 ,,introduction4 #a4 ,object & ,"* ( ?is ,book4 ,! peculi>ity ( ! book n[ (f]$ to ! religi\s public by ! gov]nm5t ( ! ,am]ican ,unit>ian ,association1 is ?is--t x is an hone/ attempt to f9d & /ate ! tru? conta9$ 9 ! doctr9es ( _! oppon5ts4 ,x is1 p]haps1 some?+ new = an association e/abli%$ to def5d c]ta9 !ological op9ions1 & baptiz$ ) a special !ological "n1 to publi% a "w int5d$ to d ju/ice to ho/ile !ories4 ,! too usual c\rse ( ea* sect has be51 ?r\gh all its organs1 to attack1 d5\nce1 und]value1 & vilify ! positions tak5 by its antagoni/s4 ,?is has be5 consid]$ z only an hone/ zeal = tru?4 ,! consequ5ce has be51 t no dep>tm5t ( lit]ature has be5 s un*ri/ian 9 its tone & temp] z t ( sect>ian controv]sy4 ,political j\rnals heap abuse on _! oppon5ts1 9 ! int]e/ ( _! p>ty4 ,b ?\gh m noisy ?an ! !ological p>tisans1 !y are by no means s cold1 h>d1 or unrel5t+4 ,p>ty _s1 comp>$ ) sect>ian _s1 seems r mild47#a7 ,x is true t !ologians d n n[ use 9 controv]sy ! epi!ts :i* 7 =m]ly univ]sal4 ,we h gr[n m civil 9 our language ?an 7 our fa!rs4 ,x is also true t we (t5 meet ) !ological discussions conduct$ 9 a _s ( ju/ice t[>ds "o's oppon5ts47#b7 ,b to say1 8,fas e/ ab ho/e doc]i10 is a /ep z yet beyond ! ability ( mo/ controv]siali/s4 ,to admit t y\r antagoni/ may h se5 "s tru? n visible to y\rself1 & to read 8 "w 9 ?is s5se1--9 ord] to le>n1 & n m]ely to confute1--is n yet common4 ,?is we are ab\t to und]take 9 ! pres5t treatise4 ,we /& 9 ! ,unit>ian position1 b %all endeavor to see if !re be n "s tru?s 9 ,or?odoxy :i* ,unit>ians h n yet adequately recogniz$4 ,to use ! language ( our motto--we come 8n z des]t]s1 b z explor]s0 into ! camp ( ,or?odoxy4 ,we are satisfi$ ) our ,unit>ian position1 z a /&-po9t f :i* to survey t ( o!rs4 ,& especially are we grateful to x1 s9ce x enc\rages u by all its traditions1 by all its ideas & pr9ciples1 to look aft] z well z be=e--to see if !re be no tru? beh9d u :i* we h dropp$ 9 our ha/y advance1 z well z tru? beyond u to :i* we h n yet atta9$4 #b4 ,progress requires t we %\ld look back z well z =w>d4 ,su* a /udy z ?is may be und]tak5 9 ! int]e/ ( true progress1 z well z t ( hone/ inquiry4 ,= :at s frequ5tly *ecks progress1 causes its advocates to falt]1 & produces :at we call a reaction t[>ds ! old doctr9es1 z some?+ %all[ 9 ! re=m itself8 ,*ri/ians h relaps$ into ,judaism1 ,prote/ants into ,romanism1 ,unit>ians into ,or?odoxy--because some?+ true & good 9 ! old sy/em _h dropp$ out ( ! new1 & attract$ ! conv]ts back to _! old home4 ,all true progress is express$ 9 ! say+ ( ,jesus1 8,i h n come to de/roy1 b to fulfil40 ,! old sy/em _c pass away until all its tru?s are fulfill$1 by be+ tak5 up into ! new sy/em 9 a high] =m4 ,judaism w n pass away till x is fulfill$ 9 ,*ri/ianity--! ,roman ,ca?olic ,*ur* w n pass away till x is fulfill$ 9 ,prote/antism--,or?odoxy w n pass away till x is fulfill$ by ,rational ,*ri/ianity4 ,judaism cont9ues z a /&+ prote/1 on behalf ( ! unity ( ,god1 aga9/ ,tr9it>ianism4 ,& yet we believe t1 9 ! religi\s progress ( ! race1 ,*ri/ianity is an advance on ,judaism1 ,prote/ant ,*ri/ianity an advance on ,roman ,ca?olic ,*ri/ianity1 & ,lib]al & ,rational ,*ri/ianity an advance on ,*ur* ,or?odoxy4 ,b all su* advances are subject to reaction & relapse4 ,reaction diff]s f relapse 9 ?is1 t x is an oscillation1 n a fall4 ,reaction is ! backw>d sw+ ( ! wave1 :i* w pres5tly return1 go+ f>!r =w>d ?an be=e4 ,relapse is ! fall ( ! tide1 :i* leaves ! %ips agr\nd1 & ! bea* uncov]$4 ,reaction is go+ back to recov] "s sub/antial tru?1 left beh9d 9 a too ha/y advance4 ,relapse is fall+ back into ! old =ms1 an entire apo/asy f ! high] /&-po9t to ! l[]1 f want ( /r5g? to ma9ta9 "o's self 9 ! advance4 ,! ,epi/le to ! ,hebrews des]ves especial /udy by ^? :o desire to und]/& ! philosophy ( intellectual & spiritual progress4 ,x 0 writt5 to c\nt]act a t5d5cy among ! ,jewi% ,*ri/ians to relapse into ,judaism4 ,^! ,*ri/ians miss$ ! antiquity1 ! c]emony1 ! au?ority ( ! old ritual4 ,_! /ate ( m9d resembl$ t ( ! extreme ,high ,*ur* p>ty 9 ! ,*ur* ( ,engl&1 :o are usually call$ ,puseyites4 ,!y 7 n apo/ates or r5egades1 b backslid]s4 ,!y 7 always lam5t+ ! inf]iority ( ,*ri/ianity to ,judaism1 9 ! abs5ce ( a prie/hood1 fe/ival1 sacrifices4 ,x h>dly seem$ to !m a *ur* at all4 ,! ,galatians1 to :om ,paul wrote1 _h actually gone ov] & accept$ ,jewi% ,*ri/ianity 9 ! place ( ,*ri/ianity 9 its simplicity & purity4 ,! ,hebrews _h n gone ov]1 b 7 look+ t way4 ,!re=e ! writ] ( ! ,epi/le to ! ,hebrews endeavors to %[ !m t all :i* 0 really good 9 ! ,jewi% prie/hood1 temple1 ritual1 0 repres5t$ 9 ,*ri/ianity 9 a high] =m4 ,x _h be5 fulfill$ 9 ! ,new ,cov5ant4 ,no?+ real & good c pass away till x is fulfill$ 9 some?+ bett]4 ,?us ! ,roman ,ca?olic ,*ur* /&s1 z a con/ant pro( t ,prote/ant ,*ri/ianity yet lacks "s important ,*ri/ian elem5t :i* ,romanism possesses4 ,or?odoxy1 confut$1 z we suppose1 ov] & ov] aga91 by ! mo/ logical argum5ts1 /&s firm1 & goes =w>d4 ,let u1 !n1 rexam9e ! positions ( our antagoni/s--n n[ m]ely 9 ord] to f9d ! weak places 9 _! l9e ( battle1 b to discov] ! /rong ones4 ,let u see if !re be any ess5tial1 sub/antial tru? 9 ?is v5]able sy/em1 to :i* we h z yet n done ju/ice4 ,if !re be1 ju/ice & progress w bo? be s]v$ by f9d+ & decl>+ x4 ,we ask1 ,:at are ! sub/antial tru?s1 & :at ! =mal errors1 ( ,or?odoxy8 ,b :at d we mean by ^! t]ms8 #c4 ,or?odoxy z ,"r ,belief4 ,by ,or?odoxy 9 g5]al is meant ! "r sy/em ( belief4 ,?is is ! diction>y def9ition4 ,b z ! _w & ! ,*ur* diff] z to :i* is ! "r sy/em ( belief--z !re are a va/ multitude ( sy/ems--& z all sects & p>ties1 & all m51 believe ! sy/em !y !mselves hold to be ! "r belief--,or?odoxy1 9 ?is s5se ( "r belief1 means no?+4 ,9 ?is s5se !re are z _m or?odoxies z !re are believ]s1 = no two m51 ev5 9 ! same ,*ur*1 ?9k exactly alike4 ,unless1 !re=e1 we h "s fur!r te/1 by :i* to f9d out :i* or?odoxy1 among all ^! or?odoxies1 is ! true or?odoxy--we accompli% little by giv+ to any "o sy/em t "n4 ,"h1 = in/ance1 9 ,new ,engl&1 we h a sy/em ( belief :i* goes by ! "n ( ,or?odoxy2 :i*1 h[ev]1 is consid]$ v het]odox out ( ,new ,engl&4 ,! man :o is ?\ght s\nd by ,&ov] is consid]$ v uns\nd by ,pr9ceton4 ,! ,g5]al ,assembly ( ! ,presbyt]ian ,*ur*1 9 #ahcg1 cut (f f\r synods1 conta9+ "s =ty ?\s& memb]s1 because !y 7 suppos$ n to be s\nd 9 doctr9al belief4 ,b ^! excommunicat$ synods =m$ a ,new ,s*ool ,presbyt]ian ,*ur*1 hav+ its own or?odoxy4 ,&ov] consid]s itself m or?odox ?an ,cambridge2 b ! ,new ,s*ool ,presbyt]ians ?9k !mselves m or?odox ?an ,&ov]--! ,old ,s*ool ,presbyt]ians ?9k !mselves m or?odox ?an ! ,new ,s*ool4 ,b ! mo/ or?odox ,prote/ant is call$ a h]etic by ! ,roman ,ca?olics4 ,! ,roman ,ca?olics1 aga91 are call$ h]etics by ! ,greek ,*ur*4 ,s t or?odoxy1 9 ?is s5se1 seems an impossible ?+--some?+ :i*1 if x exi/s1 c nev] be c]ta9ly asc]ta9$4 ,:5ev] a body ( believ]s assumes ! "n ( ,or?odox1 int5d+ !reby t !y are "r1 & _! oppon5ts wrong1 !y evid5tly assume ! v po9t 9 dispute4 ,!y commit ! fallacy call$ 9 logic a petitio pr9cipii4 ,!y beg ! "q1 in/ead ( discuss+ x4 ,!y put w 9 ! place ( reason4 ,!y say1 9 ! v title page ( _! book1 9 ! fir/ /ep ( _! argum5t1 t _! book is satisfactory & _! argum5t conclusive4 ,x w\ld be m mode/ to wait till ! discussion is conclud$ be=e !y proce$ ?us to /ate :at ! conclusion is4 ,?is is an arrogance l t :i* ! ,*ur* ( ,rome commits1 9 call+ itself ,ca?olic or ,univ]sal1 :ile exclud+ m ?an half ( ,*ri/5dom f its communion47#c7 ,a political p>ty does n (f] su* an affront to its oppon5ts4 ,x may "n itself ,democratic1 ,republican1 ,f$]al2 x may call itself ! ,cons]vative p>ty1 or t ( ,re=m4 ,by ^! titles x indicates its lead+ idea--x signifies t x be>s ! /&>d ( re=m1 or t x /&s by ! old in/itutions ( ! c\ntry4 ,b no political p>ty ev] takes a "n signify+ t x is all "r & its oppon5ts all wrong4 ,?is assumption 0 left to religi\s sects1 & to ^? :o consid] humility ! f\ndation ( all ! virtues4 ,! t]m 8,evangelical0 is1 p]haps1 n z objectionable z ,or?odox1 ?\gh x c>ries ) x a simil> slur on ^? ( o!r beliefs4 ,x says1 8,we are !y :o believe ! gospel ( ,*ri/2 ^? :o diff] f u d n believe x40 ,x is l ! assumption by "s ( ! ,cor9?ians ( ! exclusive "n ( ,*ri/ians4 8,we are ( ,*ri/10 said !y--mean+ t ! foll[]s ( ,paul & ,apollos 7 n s4 ,probably ! bett] "p ( ^? :o take ! "n ( ,or?odox1 or ,evangelical1 int5d no su* arrogance4 ,all !y want is "s ^w by :i* to di/+ui% !mselves f ,unit>ians1 ,univ]sali/s1 c4 ,!y might say1 8,we h z good a "r to compla9 ( y\r call+ y\rselves #8,rational ,*ri/ians' or #8,lib]al ,*ri/ians'--assum+ !reby t o!rs are n rational or lib]al4 ,y mean no su* assumption1 p]haps2 nei!r d we :5 we call ourselves #8,or?odox' or #8,evangelical4' ,:5 we c f9d ano!r t]m1 bett] ?an ^!1 by :i* to express ! diff]5ce betwe5 u1 we w use x4 ,we d n int5d by us+ ^! words to =eclose argum5t or to beg ! "q4 ,we d n mean by ,or?odoxy1 "r belief2 b only a c]ta9 well-kn[n =m ( doctr9e40 ,?is is all well4 ,yet n q well--s9ce we h _h occasion to notice ! surprise & disgu/ felt by ^? :o _h call$ !mselves 8,! ,or?odox10 9 f9d+ !mselves 9 a community :]e o!rs _h assum$ t title1 & refus$ to !m any %>e 9 x4 ,!re=e x is well to emphasize ! decl>ation t ,or?odoxy 9 ! s5se ( 8"r belief0 is an unmean+ expression1 signify+ no?+4 #d4 ,or?odoxy z ! ,doctr9e ( ! ,majority4 ,objections4 ,! majority1 9 any p>ticul> place1 is apt to call itself or?odox1 & to call its oppon5ts h]etics4 ,b ! majority 9 "o place may be ! m9ority 9 ano!r4 ,! majority 9 ,massa*usetts is ! m9ority 9 ,virg9ia4 ,! majority 9 ,engl& is ! m9ority 9 ,rome or ,con/ant9ople4 ,! ,ar*bi%op ( ,cant]bury1 ! ,primate ( all ,engl&1 gave ,mr4 ,c>zon a lett] ( introduction to ! ,patri>* ( ,con/ant9ople1 ! head ( ! ,greek ,*ur*4 ,b ! ,patri>* _h nev] he>d ( ! ,ar*bi%op ( ,cant]bury1 & inquir$1 8,:o is he80 ,nev]!less1 x is a v common argum5t t su* & su* a doctr9e1 be+ held by ! great majority ( ,*ri/ians1 mu/ necess>ily be true4 ,?us x is said t s9ce ! great majority ( ,*ri/ians believe ! doctr9e ( ! ,tr9ity1 t doctr9e mu/ be true4 8,is x possible10 x is said1 8t ! great majority ( ,*ri/ian believ]s %\ld be n[1 & h be5 s long1 left 9 error on su* a fundam5tal doctr9e z ?is80 ,ev5 s intellig5t a man z ,dr4 ,hunt+ton seems to h be5 greatly influ5c$ by ?is argum5t 9 becom+ a ,tr9it>ian4 ,! same argum5t has c>ri$ _m ,prote/ants into ! ,roman ,ca?olic ,*ur*4 ,&1 no d\bt1 !re is a tru? 9 ! argum5t--a tru?1 inde$1 :i* is impli$ all ?r\gh ! pres5t "w--t doctr9es ?us held by great multitudes dur+ long p]iods _c be :olly false4 ,b x by no means proves !m to be :olly true4 ,o!rwise1 tru? w\ld *ange z ! majorities *ange4 ,9 "o c5tury ! ,arians _h ! majority2 & ,arianism1 !re=e1 9 t c5tury w\ld h be5 true4 ,moreov]1 mo/ ( ^? :o adh]e to a doctr9e h n exam9$ x1 & d n h any def9$ op9ion conc]n+ x4 ,!y accept x1 z x is taught !m1 )\t reflection4 ,& aga91 mo/ tru?s are1 at fir/1 9 a m9ority ( "o4 ,*ri/ianity1 9 ! fir/ c5tury1 0 9 a v small m9ority4 ,prote/antism1 9 ! "t ( ,lu!r1 0 all 9 ! bra9 & he>t ( "o man4 ,to assume1 !re=e1 t ,or?odoxy1 or ! true belief1 is t ( ! majority1 is to =bid all progress1 to d5\nce all new tru?1 & to resi/ ! revelation & inspiration ( ,god1 until x has conqu]$ = itself ! support ( ! majority ( mank9d4 ,accord+ to ?is pr9ciple1 z ,*ri/ianity is /ill 9 a m9ority z comp>$ ) paganism1 we ought all to become foll[]s ( ,boodh4 ,su* a view _c be> a mom5t's s]i\s exam9ation4 ,e prophet1 sage1 m>tyr1 & h]oic *ampion ( tru? has sp5t 8 life & won ! admiration & grateful love ( ! _w by oppos+ ! majority 9 behalf ( "s neglect$ or unpopul> tru?4 #e4 ,or?odoxy z ! ,olde/ ,doctr9e4 ,objections4 ,"s p ?9k t ,or?odoxy means ! olde/ doctr9e1 & t if !y c only f9d out :at doctr9e 0 believ$ by ! ,*ur* 9 ! fir/ c5tury1 !y %all h ! true or?odox doctr9e4 ,b ! e>ly ,*ur* held "s op9ions :i* all n[ believe to be false4 ,!y believ$1 = in/ance1 t ,jesus 0 to return visibly1 9 t age1 & set up 8 *ur* 9 p]son1 & reign 9 ! _w 9 outw>d =m--a ?+ :i* did n take place4 ,!y !re=e believ$ 9 ! e>ly *ur* some?+ :i* 0 n true--consequ5tly :at !y believ$ _c be a c]ta9 te/ ( ,or?odoxy4 ,! ,high ,*ur* p>ty 9 ! ,*ur* ( ,engl&1 9 def5d+ !mselves aga9/ ! ,roman ,ca?olic argum5t f antiquity1 h appeal$ to a high] antiquity1 & e/abli%$ !mselves on ! suppos$ fai? ( ! fir/ ?ree c5turies4 ,b ,isaac ,taylor1 9 8 8,anci5t ,*ri/ianity10 has suffici5tly %[n t dur+ no p]iod 9 ^? e>ly c5turies 0 any?+ l mod]n or?odoxy satisfactorily e/abli%$47#d7 ,! ,*ur* doctr9e 0 develop$ gradually dur+ a long p]iod ( debate & controv]sy4 ,! ,*ri/ology ( ! ,*ur* 0 elaborat$ amid ! fi]ce conflicts ( ,arians & ,a?anasians1 ,mono!lites & ,monophysites1 ,ne/orians & ,euty*ians4 ,! an?ropology ( ! ,*ur* 0 hamm]$ & beat5 into %ape by ! p[]ful arm ( ,augu/9e & 8 successors1 on ! anvils ( ! fif? c5tury1 amid ! fi]y disputes ( ,pelagians1 ,semi-,pelagians1 & _! oppon5ts4 ,_m doctr9es g5]ally believ$ 9 ! e>ly *ur* are univ]sally reject$ n[4 ,! doctr9e ( *iliasm1 or ! mill5nial reign ( ,*ri/ on e>?2 ! doctr9e ( ! "u _w1 or ,hades1 :]e all s\ls w5t aft] dea?2 ! doctr9e ( ! atonem5t made by ,*ri/ to ! devil1--su* 7 "s ( ! prevail+ views held 9 ! e>ly ages ( ! ,*ur*4 ,! olde/ doctr9e is n c]ta9ly ! true/2 or1 z ,!odore ,p>k] once said to a prie/ 9 ,rome1 :o told him t ! primacy ( ,pet] 0 ass]t$ 9 ! second c5tury1 8,a lie is no bett] because x is an old "o40 #f4 ,or?odoxy z ! ,doctr9e held by all4 ,b1 x may be said1 if ,or?odoxy does n mean ! absolutely "r sy/em ( belief1 nor ! sy/em held by ! majority1 nor ! olde/ doctr9e ( ! ,*ur*1 x may1 nev]!less1 mean ! ess5tial tru?s held 9 all ,*ri/ian ,*ur*es1 9 all ages & times2 9 %ort1 accord+ to ! anci5t =mula--t :i* has be5 believ$ always1 by all p]sons1 & ev]y:]e--8quod semp]1 quod ab omnibus1 quod ubique40 ,9 ?is s5se no "o w\ld object to ,or?odoxy4 ,only make y\r ,ca?olicity l>ge en\gh to include e "o1 & :o w\ld n be a ,ca?olic8 ,b ?is fam\s def9ition1 if x be /rictly tak51 seems z mu* too l>ge z ! o!rs are too n>r[4 ,if y only admit to be or?odox :at all ,*ri/ian p]sons h believ$1 !n ! ,tr9ity ceases to be or?odox2 = _m1 9 all ages1 h disbeliev$ x4 ,et]nal puni%m5t is n or?odox1 = t1 too1 has (t5 be5 d5i$ 9 ! ,*ur*4 ,sacram5ts are n or?odox1 = ! ,quak]s h reject$ !m4 ,! resurrection is n or?odox1 = !re 7 "s ,*ri/ians 9 ! ,*ur* at ,cor9? :o said !re 0 no resurrection ( ! dead4 #g4 ,or?odoxy1 z a ,=mula1 n to be f\nd4 ,any attempt1 !re=e1 rigidly to def9e ,or?odoxy1 de/roys x4 ,reg>d$ z a precise /atem5t1 9 a fix$ or def9ite =m1 x is an impossibility4 ,!re is no su* ?+1 & nev] has be54 ,no cre$ ev] made satisfi$ ev5 ! majority4 ,h[1 inde$1 c any /atem5t proce$+ f ! human bra9 be an adequate & p]man5t expression ( et]nal tru?8 ,ev5 ! apo/le says1 8,i "k 9 "p1 & ,i prophesy 9 "p1 b :5 t :i* is p]fect is come1 !n t :i* is 9 "p %all be done away40 ,! apo/le decl>es t 8 sight ( tru? is only p>tial1 & t ev]y?+ p>tial is imp]fect1 & t ev]y?+ imp]fect mu/ pass away2 s t our pres5t k ( tru? is transi5t4 8,:e!r !re be k1 x %all pass away40 ,if ! apo/le ,paul decl>$ t he _h n ! p[] ( mak+ a p]fect & p]man5t /atem5t ( tru?1 h[ c we believe t any "o else c ev] d x8 #h4 ,or?odoxy z ,convictions und]ly+ ,op9ions4 ,if1 !re=e1 e doctr9al /atem5t is *angeable & *ang+2 if ! hi/ory ( op9ions %[s ! rise & fall ( cre$s1--"o aft] ! o!r becom+ dom9ant1 & !n pass+ away2 if no =mula has ev] ga9$ ! univ]sal ass5t ( ,*ri/5dom2 if ! olde/ cre$s conta9$ errors n[ univ]sally reject$1--:at !n rema9s z ,or?odoxy8 ,we answ]1 no "o /atem5t1 b some?+ und]ly+ all /atem5ts--no "o sy/em ( !ology1 b c]ta9 convictions1 p]haps1 p]vad+ all ! rul+ sy/ems4 ,man's m9d1 capable ( insight1 sees ) ! inw>d eye ! same great spiritual realities1 j z ) 8 outw>d eye he sees ! same l&scape1 sky1 ocean4 ,accord+ to ! purity & =ce ( 8 insight1 & ! dep? ( 8 exp]i5ce1 he sees ! same tru?4 ,!re is "o tru?1 b _m ways ( /at+ x--"o _s1 b _m =ms4 8,! "o rema9s1 ! _m *ange & pass2 ,heav5's light =ev] %9es1 e>?'s %ad[s fly40 ,are !re any su* great convictions und]ly+ & in=m+ all ! cre$s8 ,i ?9k !re are4 ,i ?9k1 = example1 x has always be5 believ$ 9 ! ,*ur* t 9 "s s5se man is a s9n]1 & 9 "s s5se ,*ri/ is a ,savi\r f s92 t ,*ri/ianity is 9 "s way a sup]natural revelation ( ! div9e w & love2 t ,scripture is someh[ an inspir$ book1 & has au?ority ov] our belief & life2 t !re is a ,*ur*1 compos$ ( disciples ( ,jesus1 ^: "w 9 ! _w is to aid him 9 sav+ ! lo/ & help+ ! fall5 & wret*$2 t someh[ man ne$s to be *ang$ f 8 natural /ate into a high] /ate1 & to beg9 a new life1 9 ord] to see ,god2 t !re is su* a ?+ z heav51 & su* a ?+ z hell2 t ^? :o love ,god & man belong to heav51 & t ! selfi% & s5sual belong to hell4 ,^! ideas h be5 ! ess5tial ideas ( ! ,*ur*1 & con/itute ! ess5ce ( its ,or?odoxy4 ,or?odoxy1 !n1 is n any def9ite cre$1 or /atem5t ( tru?4 ,x is n ( ! lett]1 b ( ! _s4 ,! lett] kills4 ,consequ5tly ^? :o cl+ to ! lett] ( ,or?odoxy kill its _s4 ,! greate/ enemy ( ,or?odoxy is dead ,or?odoxy4 ,! old /atem5ts reta9$ aft] _! life is gone1--! old phrases made ,%ibbole?s by :i* tru? is to be =ev] te/$1--^! gradually make ! :ole sy/em seem false to ! advanc+ intellect ( ! human race4 ,!n h]esies come up1 j z provid5tial1 & j z necess>y1 z ,or?odoxy1 to compel ! ,*ur* to make re/atem5ts ( ! et]nal tru?4 ,h]esies1 9 ?is s5se1 are z true z ,or?odoxy1 & make "p1 inde$1 ( a high] ,or?odoxy4 ,by ,or?odoxy1 !re=e1 we d n mean ! op9ions held by any p>ticul> d5om9ation 9 ,new ,engl& or else:]e4 ,we d n mean ! op9ions ( ,new ,engl& ,calv9i/s or ( ,s\!rn ,presbyt]ians2 n ! cre$ ( ,&ov]1 ( ,new ,hav51 or ( ,pr9ceton3 b we mean t great sy/em ( belief :i* gradually took =m 9 ! ,*ri/ian ,*ur*1 9 ! c\rse ( c5turies1 z its /&>d !ology4 ,! pivotal po9ts ( ?is sy/em are s9 & salvation4 ,9 x man appe>s z a s9n]1 & ,*ri/ z a ,savi\r4 ,man is sav$ by an inw>d *ange ( he>t1 result+ 9 an outw>d *ange ( life1 & produc$ by ! sight ( ! two facts ( s9 & salvation4 ,! sight ( 8 s9 & its consequ5ces leads him to rep5tance2 ! sight ( salvation leads him to fai?1 hope1 & love2 & ! sight ( bo? results 9 reg5]ation1 or a new life4 ,?is sy/em also ass]ts ! div9ity ( ,*ri/1 ! triune nature ( ,god1 ! div9e decrees1 ! pl5>y inspiration ( ,scripture1 et]nal puni%m5t1 & et]nal life4 #i4 ,sub/antial ,tru? & ,=mal ,error 9 all great ,doctr9al ,sy/ems4 ,)9 ! la/ tw5ty-five ye>s1 a new dep>tm5t ( !ological lit]ature has aris5 9 ,g]many1 :i* treats ( ! hi/ory ( doctr9es4 ,! object ( ?is is to trace ! doctr9al op9ions held 9 ! ,*ur* 9 all ages4 ,by ?is c\rse ( /udy1 two facts are app>5t--fir/1 t ! same great views h be5 sub/antially held by ! majority ( ,*ri/ians 9 all ages2 &1 secondly1 t ! =ms ( doctr9e h be5 v diff]5t4 ,! tru?s !mselves h be5 receiv$ by ,*ri/ians1 z _! /r5g?1 _! hope1 & _! joy1 9 all "t2 b ! =mal /atem5t ( ^! tru?s has be5 wr\ght out diff]5tly by individual intellects4 ,! univ]sal body ( ,*ri/ians has tak5 c>e ( ,*ri/ian tru?2 :ile ! ,*ur* ,fa!rs1 or doctors1 h held 9 _! h&s ! task ( def9+ x doctr9ally = ! intellect4 ,by sub/antial tru? we mean ?is--t 9 all ! great sy/ems ( op9ion :i* h _h a deep hold on ! human m9d1 ov] broad spaces & ?r\gh long p]iods1 !re is some?+ suit$ to man's nature1 & correspond+ ) ! facts ( ! case4 ,! m9d ( man 0 made = tru?1 & n = error4 ,error is transi5t3 tru? only is p]man5t4 ,m5 d n love error = its own sake1 b = ! sake ( some?+ ) :i* x is connect$4 ,aft] a :ile1 errors are elim9at$1 & ! sub/ance reta9$4 ,! great1 univ]sal1 abid+ convictions ( m5 mu/1 !re=e1 conta9 tru?4 ,if x 7 n s1 we might well despair2 =1 if ! m9d ( ! race c\ld fall into unmix$ error1 ! only rem$y by :i* ! he>t c be cur$1 & ! life r$eem$ f evil1 w\ld be tak5 away4 ,b x is n s4 ,god has made ! m9d = tru?1 z he has adapt$ ! ta/e to its appropriate food4 ,9 ! ma91 & 9 ! long run1 :at m5 believe is ! tru?2 & all ca?olic beliefs are valid beliefs4 ,op9ions held by all m51 ev]y:]e & at all times1 mu/ be sub/antially true4 ,b error c]ta9ly exi/s1 & always has exi/$4 ,if ! human m9d is made = tru?1 h[ does x fall into error8 ,!re nev] has be5 any important "q ^u :i* m5 h n tak5 two sides2 &1 :]e !y take two sides1 "o side mu/ be 9 error4 ,sometimes ^! two p>ties are equally balanc$1 & t = long p]iods4 ,) :i* has ! tru? be58 ,is ,god always ) ! majority8 ,if s1 we mu/ at once r5\nce our ,unit>ian belief = ! ,tr9ity1 z an imm5se majority ( votes are giv5 9 its favor4 ,b1 !n1 we mu/ also r5\nce ,prote/antism2 = ,prote/antism has only eighty or n9ety millions aga9/ a hundr$ & =ty millions :o are ,ca?olics4 ,&1 /ill fur!r1 we mu/ r5\nce ,*ri/ianity 9 favor ( ,hea!nism2 s9ce all ! diff]5t ,*ri/ian sects & *ur*es unit$ make up b ?ree hundr$ millions1 :ile ! ,buddhi/s alone probably exce$ t numb]4 ,moreov]1 tru? is always 9 a m9ority at fir/1--usually 9 a m9ority ( "o2 &1 if m5 ought to wait until x has a majority on its side be=e !y accept x1 x nev] w h a majority on its side4 ,^! objections lead u to ! only possible answ]1 :i* consi/s 9 di/+ui%+ betwe5 ! sub/ance & ! =m4 ,:5 we ass]t t all cre$s1 widely held & long reta9$1 h tru?1 we mean sub/antial tru?4 ,we d n mean t !y are true 9 _! =mal /atem5t1 :i* may be an errone\s /atem5t1 b t !y are true z to _! cont5ts4 ,! sub/ance ( ! belief is ! fact inw>dly beheld by ! m9d2 ! =m is ! v]bal /atem5t :i* ! m9d makes ( :at x has se54 ,x has se5 some?+ real2 b1 :5 x attempts to describe :at x has se51 x may easily commit errors4 ,?us !re may be1 9 ! same cre$1 sub/antial tru? & =mal error2 & all great & widely-ext5d$ beliefs1 z we ass]t1 mu/ conta9 sub/antial tru? & =mal error4 ,)\t sub/antial tru?1 !re w\ld be no?+ 9 !m to fe$ ! m9d1 & !y w\ld n be reta9$2 &1 if !y 7 n m or less errone\s 9 =m1 x w\ld imply infallibility on ! "p ( ^? :o give !m _! =m4 #aj4 ,importance ( ?is ,di/9ction4 ,?is di/9ction is "o ( imm5se importance2 because1 be+ prop]ly appreh5d$1 x w\ld1 by de/roy+ dogmatism1 de/roy bigotry also4 ,dogmatism consi/s 9 assum+ t ! ess5ce ( tru? lies 9 its =mal /atem5t4 ,correctly assum+ t ! life ( ! s\l comes f ! sight ( tru?1 x falsely inf]s t ! ess5ce ( tru? is 9 ! v]bal =mula4 ,consequ5tly1 ?is =mula mu/ necess>ily seem ( supreme importance1 & ! v salvation ( ! s\l to dep5d on hold+ ! correct op9ion4 ,) ?is conviction1 "o mu/ & ought to be bigot$2 he ought to cl+ to ! m9ute/ syllable ( 8 cre$ z ! dr[n+ man cl+s to ! float+ plank4 ,hold+ ?is view1 we _c blame m5 = be+ bigot$3 x is _! duty to be bigot$4 ,b1 :5 ! di/9ction is recogniz$1 !y w cl+ to ! sub/ance1 kn[+ t ! vital tru? lies !re4 ,x is ! sight ( ! fact :i* is ! s\rce ( our life1 & n ! /atem5t :i* we make1 9 words1 z to :at we h se54 ,!n ! sight becomes ! ?+ ( imm5se importance2 ! cre$ 9 :i* x is express$1 ( comp>ative unimportance4 ,?is di/9ction w\ld t5d to br+ ! ,*ur* to a true unity--! unity ( ! _s4 ,all w\ld /rive = ! same insight1 all tol]ate v>iety ( expression4 ,in/ead ( ass5t+ outw>dly to ! same cre$1 e man ought1 9 fact1 to make 8 own cre$2 & !re %\ld be z _m diff]5t cre$s z !re are diff]5t m54 ,nor %\ld my cre$ ( to-day be ! same z t ( ye/]day2 =1 in/ead ( re/+ on a pa/ exp]i5ce1 ,i %\ld cont9ually endeavor to obta9 new sights ( ! "o un*angeable tru?4 ,see+ m ( x to-day ?an ,i did ye/]day1 my ye/]day's cre$ w\ld seem inadequate1 & ,i %\ld wi% to make a new "o4 ,sub/antial tru? means ! tru? :i* we see--! inw>d sight1 ! radical exp]i5ce4 ,=mal tru? is ! v]bal /atem5t1 & consi/s 9 accuracy ( expression4 ,& s ( error4 ,sub/antial error means error 9 reg>d to ! sub/ance1 & is necess>ily inadequacy ( inw>d exp]i5ce4 ,/rictly speak+1 !re _c be sub/antial error2 = error1 9 reg>d to ! sub/ance ( tru?1 is purely negative4 ,x is n-see+4 ,x is fail+ to p]ceive ! tru?1 ei!r f want ( opportunity1 weakness ( vision1 or neglect 9 look+4 ,b =mal error is n m]ely defect3 x may also be mi/ake4 ,we may mis/ate ! tru?1 & say :at is radically false4 ,f ?is s\rce come contradictions2 &1 :]e two /atem5ts are contradictory1 bo? _c be true4 ,falsehood1 !re=e1 orig9ates ) ! /atem5t4 ,! errors ( insight are m]ely defects2 b ! errors ( /atem5t may be positive falsehoods4 ,?is leads u to take a special view ( !ological controv]sies4 ,9 all great controv]sies1 9 ! conflicts ( ages1 :]e ! good & wise h /ood oppos$ to ea* o!r1 c5tury aft] c5tury1 x is probable t !re are tru? & error on bo? sides4 ,ea* side may hold "s tru? :i* ! o!r has n se54 ,!re is1 !re=e1 also sub/antial error on bo? sides2 = ea* may h fail$ to see "s phase ( tru? :i* ! o!r has recogniz$4 ,b !re may be =mal error1 or error ( /atem5t1 ev5 :]e !re is sub/antial tru?2 = ! tru? may be ov]/at$1 or und]/at$1 or mis/at$1 & a false expression giv5 to a true obs]vation4 ,:at1 !n1 is ! duty ( ^? :o /& oppos$ to ea* o!r 9 ^! controv]sies--( ,ca?olics & ,prote/ants1 ,*ri/ians & ,dei/s1 ,or?odox & ,unit>ians8 ,!y h pla9ly a tw(old duty to !mselves z well z to _! oppon5ts4 ,!y ought to increase _! insight1 & to improve _! /atem5ts2 to deep5 & wid5 _! hold ( ! sub/ance2 to correct & improve _! expression ( ! =m4 ,! fir/ is ! "w ( religion2 ! second1 t ( !ology4 ,! fir/ is inf9itely ! mo/ important1 because ! life ( ! s\l dep5ds on ! sight ( tru?4 ,?is is its food1 )\t :i* x w />ve & die4 ,b x is also important t x %\ld improve its !ology1 because a correct !ology is a help to insight1 & a gr\nd ( m5tal communion4 #aa4 ,! ,or?odox & ,lib]al ,p>ties 9 ,new ,engl&4 ,! ,lib]al p>ty 9 ,new ,engl& h c>ri$ on a !ological controv]sy = "s =ty ye>s ) ! ,or?odox4 ,?is controv]sy 0 inevitable4 ,calv9ism _h neglect$ important tru?s :i* ! human s\l ne$$1 & )\t :i* x w\ld />ve4 ,unit>ianism came to ass]t & v9dicate ^? tru?s4 ,at fir/1 x 0 inevitable t ! /atem5ts on ei!r side %\ld be n>r[ & mutually exclusive4 ,b1 z a battle goes on1 ! position ( ! oppos+ armies *anges4 ,! po9ts ( attack & def5ce alt]4 ,old positions are ab&on$1 & new ones occupi$4 ,seldom does x happ5 to ei!r army to sleep on ! field ( battle4 ,nor has x s happ5$ to u4 ,nei!r ! ,unit>ians nor ! ,tr9it>ians h ga9$ a complete victory3 ea* has tak5 "s important position1 & yield$ "s o!r4 ,we h a book call$ 8,concessions ( ,tr9it>ians30 ano!r might be writt5 conta9+ ! 8,concessions ( ,unit>ians40 ,nei!r side has conc$$1 or ought to conc$e1 any real tru? ( exp]i5ce or ( /atem5t2 b x is honorable to ea* to conc$e its own p>tial & inadequate /atem5ts4 ,we int5d1 9 ?is volume1 to endeavor1 f our own po9t ( view1 to ga9 :at sight we c ( ! radical1 vital tru? und]ly+ ea* great ,or?odox doctr9e4 ,at ! same "t1 we %all freely criticise ! =ms1 especially ! m rec5t ones1 9 :i* ,or?odox doctr9es h be5 /at$4 ,we assume1 at ! outset1 t ea* doctr9e does cov] "s tru? ( exp]i5ce1 "s real solid fact1 :i* is z important to u z to our oppon5ts4 ,we assume1 t1 ?\gh ! doctr9es may be false1 !re may be an exp]i5ce beh9d !m :i* is true4 ,we h satisfi$ ourselves ( ! =mal error ( _! /atem5ts4 ,we consid] x impossible = a s\nd ,unit>ian intellect to accept ! ,or?odox !ology z a :ole1 )\t be+ untrue to itself2 b !re is no reason :y we %\ld n break ?is %ell ( doctr9e1 & f9d ! vital tru?s :i* x conta9s4 ,& if x be said1 8,:o made y a judge or a divid] on ^! subjects80 we reply1 t only by contributions f all qu>t]s c a f9al judgm5t be rea*$4 ,meantime1 x is ! "r & duty ( e s]i\s ?9k] to add 8 own op9ion to ! common /ock2 will+ to be refut$ :5 wrong1--glad1 if "r1 to be helpful 9 any degree t[>ds ! ultimate result4 ,?is is ! object ( ! pres5t "w1 :i*1 ?\gh writt5 by a ,unit>ian1 & f a ,unit>ian /&-po9t1 & ?\gh publi%$ by ! ,am]ican ,unit>ian ,association1 w1 we tru/1 be suffici5tly unsect>ian4 ,,*apt] ,,ii4 ,,! ,,pr9ciple ,,& ,,idea ,,( ,,or?odoxy ,,/at$ ,,& ,,exam9$4 #a4 ,! ,pr9ciple ( ,or?odoxy def9$4 ,! pr9ciple ( ,or?odoxy is1 t !re is "o true sy/em ( ,*ri/ian doctr9e1 & t all o!rs are false2 t ?is sy/em c be1 & has be51 s /at$ 9 words z to di/+ui% x f all ! false sy/ems or h]esies2 & t ?is true sy/em ( doctr9e is ! "o :i* is n[ held1 & always has be5 held1 by ! majority ( ,*ri/ians2 &1 f9ally1 t ! belief ( ?is sy/em is1 z a rule1 ess5tial to salvation--s t ^? :o may be sav$1 :ile n accept+ x1 w be sav$ 7if at all7 by way ( exception1 & n accord+ to rule4 #b4 ,logical ,g5esis ( ! ,pr9ciple ( ,or?odoxy4 ,! pr9ciple ( ,or?odoxy seems to h aris51 & to h ma9ta9$ itself 9 ! ,*ur*1 9 "s su* way z ?is4 ,jesus ,*ri/1 x is assum$1 came to save ! s\l f s9 & evil4 ,he saves ! s\l by ! ^w ( tru?4 ,9 ord] t ?is tru? %all become sav+ tru?1 x mu/ be believ$1 & s /rongly believ$ z to h a practical influ5ce on life & action4 ,we are !re=e sav$ by believ+ ! tru? taught by ,*ri/4 ,b 9 ord] to be believ$1 x mu/ be express$ 9 "s def9ite /atem5t1 or 9 :at we call ,*ri/ian doctr9e4 ,b tru? is "o1 & !re=e ! doctr9e :i* expresses x mu/ also be "o4 ,!re=e !re mu/ be "o sy/em ( ,*ri/ian doctr9e1 conta9+ 9 itself ! sub/ance ( ,*ri/ian tru?1 & con/itut+ ! object ( ,*ri/ian fai?4 ,?is sy/em1 ?\gh x may v>y 9 its uness5tial p>ts1 mu/ 9 its ess5ce be un*angeable4 ,9 proportion z any sy/em ( belief v>ies f x1 su* sy/em is het]odox & dang]\s1 :ile ?is sy/em alone is or?odox & safe4 ,ano!r =m ( ?is argum5t w\ld be z foll[s3 ,*ri/ came to reveal some?+ to m54 ,if reveal$1 x mu/ be made kn[n4 ,if made kn[n1 x mu/ be capable ( be+ s express$ t !re c be no reasonable d\bt conc]n+ x4 ,o!rwise1 ,*ri/ianity w\ld n be a revelation4 ,b if express$ s z to ent] ! human m9d1 x mu/ be express$ 9 human language4 ,a v]bal revelation1 !re=e1 is ess5tial = ! purposes ( ,*ri/ianity4 ,su* a revelation is no?+ else ?an a sy/em ( doctr9e1 or t :i* c be sy/ematiz$ into doctr9e4 ,& ?is sy/em mu/ be "o & ! same f age to age1 or x is n a p]man5t div9e revelation1 b only a transi5t human seek+ = su* a revelation4 #c4 ,or?odoxy assum$ to be ! ,belief ( ! ,majority4 ,! natural te/ ( ,or?odoxy is assum$ to be ! belief ( ! majority ( ,*ri/ians2 = if ,*ri/ianity be a revelation ( tru?1 its ess5tial cont5ts mu/ be easy to appreh5d1 & :5 appreh5d$1 !y mu/ be g5]ally accept$4 ,! revelations ( ,god 9 nature are se5 & accept$ by ! human intellect1 & s become matt]s ( sci5ce4 ,or?odox sci5ce is t :i* ! great majority ( sci5tific m5 h accept$ z su*2 & ,or?odox ,*ri/ianity1 9 l mann]1 mu/ be t :i* ! majority ( ,*ri/ian believ]s accept z su*4 ,h5ce x is tak5 = grant$1 z reg>ds ,or?odox doctr9e1 t x meets ! te/1 8,quod semp]1 quod ubique1 quod ab omnibus40 #d4 ,het]odoxy ?us becomes s9ful4 ,b if ! ess5tial tru? ( ,*ri/ianity be ?us pla91 ^? :o d n receive x mu/ be ei!r /upid or wilful4 ,its rejection argues a want ( intellect or a bad he>t4 ,h]etics1 !re=e1 ought logically to become to ! ,or?odox objects ei!r ( contempt or hatr$4 ,if !y _c see :at is s pla91 !y mu/ be intellectually imbecile4 ,if !y w n see x1 !y mu/ be morally deprav$4 ,!re=e intellig5t p :o accept & tea* h]esies ought to be consid]$ wick$ p by logical ,or?odox m9ds4 ,moreov]1 !y are ! mo/ dang]\s p]sons 9 ! community1 because1 by d5y+ t tru? by :i* ! s\l is to be sav$1 !y endang] n m]ely ! temporal1 b also ! et]nal1 welf>e ( ^? :om !y s$uce4 ,& if we h a "r to abate a nuisance :i* only int]f]es ) ! e>?ly com=t & peace ( society1 h[ mu* m "o :i* attacks its spiritual peace & et]nal welf>e6 ,h n ! majority a "r to protect !mselves1 _! *ildr51 & society f t :i* !y n m]ely believe1 b "k1 to be evil8 ,= ,or?odoxy assumes to be n m]ely op9ion1 b k4 ,h5ce ,or?odoxy legitimates p]secution47#e7 ,p]secution is only ! judici\s repression ( crim9al attempts to p]v]t & injure society4 ,moreov]1 ,or?odoxy1 accord+ to its pr9ciple1 ought to disc\rage inquiry 9 relation to its own fundam5tal pr9ciples4 ,= :y cont9ue to discuss & debate ab\t t :i* is kn[n8 ,progress consi/s 9 advanc+ f ! kn[n to ! unkn[n4 ,! unkn[n1 & n ! kn[n1 is ! prop] subject = inquiry4 ,! sy/em ( ,or?odoxy1 !re=e1 accord+ to its own pr9ciple1 %\ld be )drawn f fur!r exam9ation4 ,intellectual advance requires u to take = grant$ some?+--to =get t :i* is beh9d 9 ord] to press =w>d to t :i* is be=e4 ,! doctr9es ( ,or?odoxy !re=e1 :5 once e/abli%$1 %\ld aft]w>ds be assum$1 & ne$ n be prov$4 ,we d n call a sci5tific man a bigot because he refuses to discuss fundam5tal pr9ciples4 ,if ,or?odoxy be sci5ce1 :y accuse x ( bigotry :5 x foll[s ! same c\rse8 #e4 ,! ,doctr9e ( ,ess5tials & ,non-ess5tials leads to ,rome4 ,if ,or?odoxy consi/s 9 a /atem5t ( op9ions ! belief ( :i* is ess5tial to salvation1 ! "q arises1 ,are all ^! op9ions ess5tial1 or only a "p8 ,x is g5]ally admitt$ t ! great sy/em call$ ,or?odoxy conta9s "s ?+s n ess5tial to salvation4 ,h[ %all ^! be di/+ui%$8 ,moreov]1 "s v>iation ( /atem5t is judg$ all[able4 ,no ,or?odox cre$ is assum$ to be inspir$ z to its language4 ,! same ess5tial tru? may be express$ 9 diff]5t t]ms4 ,h[1 !n1 are we to def9e ! limits ( expression s z to "k :at error ( op9ion is v5ial1 & :at vital8 ,or?odoxy assures u t our salvation dep5ds on accept+ its /atem5ts4 ,9 :i* p>ticul> =m1 !n1 mu/ we accept !m8 ,9 s important a matt] z ?is1 :]e salvation is assum$ to dep5d on accept+ ! "r =m ( doctr9e1 "o surely ought to be able to "k :i* ! "r =m is4 ,n[1 ! rule ( ,or?odoxy1 z giv5 above1 is1 t no?+ is ,or?odox1 z ess5tial doctr9e1 :i* has n be5 believ$ 8always1 ev]y:]e1 & by all40 ,b ?is raises an hi/orical "q1 & "o ( no little difficulty4 ,= s9ce h]esies h always exi/$1 & "s "o has always be5 f\nd some:]e to d5y ! mo/ ess5tial doctr9es ( ,or?odoxy1 ! "q is some:at intricate :o ^! 8all0 are :o h nev] disbeliev$ ! ,or?odox sy/em4 ,x is pla9 t ! majority ( ,*ri/ians h nei!r "t nor ability = ^! inve/igations4 ,! hi/orical inquiry mu/ be conduct$ = !m by o!rs4 ,& "h seems to come 9 ! law ( ,*ur* au?ority z aga9/ private judgm5t4 ,& s ! pr9ciple ( ,or?odoxy1 c>ri$ out to its legitimate results1 appe>s to l& u at la/ 9 ! ,roman ,ca?olic ,*ur*1 to set aside ! "r ( private judgm5t1 & to ju/ify intol]ance & ! =cible suppression ( h]esy4 ,b z ^! results are n accept$ by ^? :o yet accept ! pr9ciples ( ,or?odoxy1 x is necess>y to see if !re is a fallacy any:]e 9 our c\rse ( ?\ght1 & at :at precise po9t ! fallacy has come 94 #f4 ,fallacy 9 ?is ,or?odox ,argum5t4 ,! fallacy 9 all ?is argum5t lies "h--t fai? is conf\nd$ ) belief2 k ) op9ion2 ! sight ( tru? ) its intellectual /atem5t 9 ! =m ( doctr9e4 ,und\bt$ly !re is only "o fai?1 b !re may be _m ways ( /at+ x 9 ! =m ( op9ion4 ,moreov]1 no man1 no *ur*1 no age1 sees ! :ole ( tru?4 ,tru? is multilat]al1 b m5's m9ds are unilat]al4 ,!y are mirrors :i* reflect1 & t imp]fectly1 ! side ( ! object :i* is t[>ds !m4 ,!re=e ev5 k 9 any f9ite m9d is p>tial1 consequ5tly imp]fect2 & consequ5tly ne$s o!r k to complete x4 ,?is1 app>5tly1 is :at ! apo/le ,paul means 7#a ,cor4 #ac3h-ab7 9 8 /atem5t conc]n+ ! relation betwe5 k & love4 ,k 7,gnosis7 8%all pass away40 ,! ^w "h us$ is else:]e translat$ by 8de/roy$10 8br\ght to n\ght10 8aboli%$10 8made ( none effect40 8,k0 "h probably ref]s to def9ite & sy/ematic /atem5ts ( real insights4 ,x is some?+ m ?an op9ion1 b some?+ less ?an fai?4 ,fai? abides1 b k passes away4 ,fai? abides1 because x is a positive sight ( tru?4 ,x is an exp]i5ce ( ! s\l1 by :i* x op5s itself 9 tru/1 & becomes receptive ( spiritual influ5ce4 ,fai?1 !re=e1 rema9s1 & its results are p]man5t 9 ! s\l4 ,!y make ! sub/ance ( our k z reg>ds ! spiritual _w4 ,?is sub/ance becomes a "p ( ! s\l itself1 & con/itutes a basis ( self-consci\sness z real z is its exp]i5ce ( ! ext]nal _w4 ,b ,gnosis is ?is fai?1 translat$ by ! intellect into sy/ematic =m4 ,su* sy/ems embody real exp]i5ce1 & are necess>y = m5tal & moral progress4 ,!y are ! bodies ( ?\ght4 ,b all bodies mu/ die1 soon] or lat]2 & s all sy/ems ( k mu/ pass away4 ,! body1 at fir/1 helps ! gr[? ( ?\ght1 helps ! gr[? ( ! s\l2 b aft]w>ds x h9d]s x4 ,! new w9e mu/ be put into new bottles4 ,!re=e ! apo/le ,paul1 ! great tea*] ( doctr9al !ology 9 ! ,*ri/ian ,*ur*1 di/9ctly recognizes "h1 t e sy/em ( doctr9e1 no matt] h[ mu* tru? x conta9s1 is p>tial1 & !re=e transi5t4 ,he makes no exception 9 favor ev5 ( inspir$ /atem5ts--he does n except 8 own4 ,all bodies mu/ die2 all =ms are fugitive2 no?+ cont9ues b ! sub/ance ( k1 :i* is fai?2 ! inw>d sight ( ,god's goodness produc+ t endless expectation :i* is call$ hope2 & ! l>ge spiritual communion ) ,god & 8 creatures1 "h call$ ,agape1 or love4 ,! apo/le speaks 9 ! fir/ p]son :5 he says t k passes away--8,we "k 9 "p1 & we prophesy or tea* 9 "p40 ,he speaks = himself & 8 fell[-apo/les4 ,we see1 !re=e1 t ! great ma/] & head ( ,or?odoxy 9 ! ,*ur* has himself decl>$ e =m ( ,or?odoxy to be transi5t4 ,we conclude1 !re=e1 t ! apo/le ,paul1 9 ?is fam\s passage1 ov]turns ! :ole pr9ciple ( v]bal ,or?odoxy4 ,he takes away its f\ndation4 ,n d5y+ ! reality & p]man5ce ( religi\s exp]i5ce1 n d5y+ ! sav+ p[] ( tru?1 he decl>es t no express$ sy/em ( tru? is p]man5t4 ,! basis ( doctr9al ,or?odoxy is ! assumption t its own p>ticul> =m ( belief is ess5tial to salvation4 ,b ! apo/le decl>es t all =ms are transi5t1 &1 !re=e1 none ess5tial4 ,all /atem5t is a limitation1 & ! mom5t t we make a def9ition1 we say some?+ :i* is incomplete4 ,:5 ,paul says1 8,we "k 9 "p10 he says ! same ?+ :i* is said by ,kant1 by ,sir ,william ,hamilton1 by ,augu/e ,comte1 by ,mr4 ,mansell1 & mo/ mod]n ?9k]s1 :5 !y decl>e ! relativity ( k4 ,all ?9k+ is limitation4 8,to ?9k10 says ,sir ,william ,hamilton1 8is to condition40 ,we only "k a ?+1 says ?is s*ool1 by its be+ diff]5t f some?+ else4 ,! s*ool ( ,kant decl>es all k to be ph5om5al1 & t all ph5om5al k consi/s ( two p>ts--! "p giv5 by ! ?+1 & ! "p add$ by ! m9d4 ,h]b]t ,sp5c] 79 8,fir/ ,pr9ciples07 insi/s on ! c]ta9ty ( ! exi/5ce ( ?+s 9 !mselves1 b also on _! absolute & et]nal unkn[abl5ess4 ,accord+ to ,john ,/u>t ,mill1 ! same view ( ! unkn[abl5ess ( ,n\m5a is tak5 by ,m4 ,augu/e ,comte4 ,^! mod]n philosoph]s1 x w be se51 g mu* f>!r ?an ,paul1 & lay d[n positions :i* inaugurate a univ]sal scepticism4 ,accord+ to !m !re is no?+ c]ta9 & no?+ fix$4 ,mr4 ,mansell virtually tea*es u t we _c "k any?+ ( ,god1 duty1 or immortality2 & t fai? means1 tak+ = grant$ on "s outw>d au?ority4 ,to use a /rik+ expression ( ,presid5t ,james ,walk]1 8,we are n to believe1 b to make believe40 ,t is1 we are n to believe ) our intellect1 b ) our w4 ,or1 9 o!r words1 we are to believe n :at is true1 b :at is exp$i5t4 ,?is he calls regulative tru?1 z oppos$ to speculative tru?4 ,b ?is is by no means ! doctr9e ( ! apo/le ,paul4 ,he tea*es ! c]ta9ty ( sub/antive k1 b ! fallibility ( =mal k4 ,he ?us avoids ! two extremes ( dogmatism on ! "o side1 & scepticism on ! o!r4 ,! sub/ance ( ,gnosis1 :i* is ! sight ( tru?1 is a reality1 &1 l all t is real1 has its root 9 ,god1 & %>es 8 et]nity4 ,! =m ( ,gnosis is subjective1 relative1 & transi5t4 ,ev]y?+ :i* is se5 is temporal2 only t :i* is n se5 is et]nal4 ,all t takes outw>d1 visible =m1 comes "u ! law ( *ange2 ! roots ( our k1 fix$ 9 ,god1 are un*angeable4 #g4 ,! ?ree ,t5d5cies 9 ! ,*ur*4 ,! human s\l1 a unit1 indivisible1 & )\t p>ts1 nev]!less acts 9 ?ree directions--( w1 affection1 intellect4 ,^! are di/+ui%able1 ?\gh n divisible4 ,e "o kn[s ! diff]5ce betwe5 an act2 an emotion ( ang]1 pity1 sorr[1 love2 & a process ( logic1 or an intellectual argum5t4 ,^! are ! ?ree prim>y /ates ( ! m9d1 evid5tly di/9ct4 ,x is impossible to mi/ake ei!r = ! o!r4 ,i may direct my m9d t[>ds action1 t[>ds ?\ght1 or t[>ds emotion4 ,! fir/ ( ^!1 action1 is ! mo/ )9 my own p[]1 dep5ds *iefly on myself1 lies ne>e/ ! w4 ,w passes in/antane\sly into action4 ,i w to lift my arm1 & x is done4 ,on ! o!r h&1 feel+ or emotion lies ! f>!/ f ?is c5tre ( w1 dep5ds lea/ ( all on my own *oice1 & 9 x ,i am mo/ passive4 ,b ! sph]e ( intellect is int]m$iate4 ,i am m free :5 ,i ?9k ?an :5 ,i feel2 less free ?an :5 ,i act4 ,9 ! doma9 ( w1 ,i act ^u ext]nal ?+s2 9 ! doma9 ( feel+1 ,i am act$ ^u by ext]nal ?+s2 9 ! doma9 ( intellect1 ,i nei!r act nor am act$ ^u1 b ,i see !m4 ,9 all ?9k+1 9 proportion z x is pure ?\ght1 bo? w & emotion are exclud$4 ,we are nei!r actors nor suff]]s1 b spectators4 ,?+s se5 pass into our life ?r\gh ! intellect1 & become s\rces ( emotion & action4 ,love ( tru? causes u to desire to "k x2 ?is desire leads u to put our m9d 9 ! pres5ce ( tru?1 b :5 !re1 ! functions ( emotion & w cease1 & all we h to d is to look4 ,n[1 !re h always be5 9 ! ,*ur* ?ree p>ties1 or at lea/ ?ree t5d5cies1 9 reg>d to ! basis ( religion4 ,"o ( ^! makes ! basis ( ! religi\s life to consi/ 9 ?\ght1 "o posits x 9 feel+1 ! ?ird 9 action4 ,) "o1 ! intellect mu/ take ! initiative2 ) ! second1 ! he>t2 ) ! ?ird1 ! w1 or p[] ( det]m9ation4 ,! ?ree p>ties 9 ! ,*ur*1 bas$ on ^! ?ree t5d5cies1 may be *>act]iz$ z ! ,or?odoxi/s1 ! ,emotionali/s1 & ! p>ty ( ,works4 ,! fir/ says1 8,we are sav$ by fai?20 ! second says1 8,we are sav$ by love20 ! ?ird says1 8,we are sav$ by ob$i5ce40 ,! fir/ assumes t ! sight ( tru? mu/ take ! lead 9 all ,*ri/ian exp]i5ce2 ! second believes t love = goodness is ! true basis 9 religion2 ! ?ird ma9ta9s t ! fir/ ?+ to be done1 9 ord] to become a religi\s man1 is to obey ! law ( duty4 ,x is evid5tly v important to decide :i* ( ^! answ]s is ! true "o4 ,:at are we to d fir/1 if we wi% to become ,*ri/ian m5 or wom58 ,are we to /udy1 read1 reflect1 9 ord] to "k ! tru?8 ,are we to g to *ur* & li/5 to s]mons1 jo9 ,bible classes & /udy ! ,scriptures1 read comp5ds ( doctr9e & books ( ,*ri/ian evid5ce8 ,or are we to seek = emotion1 to pray = a *ange ( he>t1 to put ourselves "u excit+ influ5ces1 to g :]e a revival is 9 progress1 to att5d protract$ meet+s1 to be influ5c$ ?r\gh sympa?y till we are fill$ full ( emotions ( anxiety1 fe>1 remorse1 foll[$ by emotions ( hope1 tru/1 gratitude1 p>don1 peace1 joy8 ,or are we to d nei!r ( ^! ?+s1 b to beg9 by ob$i5ce1 try+ to d "r 9 ord] to be "r1 beg9n+ by ! p]=mance ( ! humble/ duties1 ! ne>e/ duties1 lett+ fidelity 9 ! lea/ op5 ! way to m8 ,%all we "k ! tru? 9 ord] to love x & d x8 ,or %all we love ! tru? 9 ord] to see x & d x8 ,or %all we d "r 9 ord] to "k x & love x8 ,l>ge numb]s 9 ! ,*ur* h foll[$ ea* ( ^! ?ree me?ods1 & made ea* ! basis ( its action4 ,"o has said1 8,we are sav$ by works20 a second1 8,we are sav$ by fai?20 a ?ird1 8,we are sav$ by love40 #h4 ,! ,p>ty ( ,works4 ,two t5d5cies h jo9$ 9 tea*+ salvation by works1 or1 m /rictly1 9 tea*+ ! initiative ( ! w 9 religion4 ,^! are ! ,*ur*-t5d5cy & ! ,moral-t5d5cy 9 ,*ri/ianity4 ,! ,*ur* p>ty 9 ,*ri/ianity tea*es t ! fir/ duty t[>ds a *ild is to make x a memb] ( ! ,*ri/ian ,*ur* by baptism1 & t ! fir/ duty ( e baptiz$ p]son is to obey ! comm&s ( ! ,*ur*4 ,! ,*ur* ?us becomes a s*ool1 9 :i* baptiz$ p]sons are educat$ z ,*ri/ians4 ,! ,*ur* ( ,rome1 & ! ,high ,*ur* p>ty 9 ! ,*ur* ( ,engl& & 9 ! ,episcopal ,*ur* ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 tea* ?is doctr9e ( salvation by works4 ,?is sy/em by no means disp5ses ) ,*ri/ian belief or ,*ri/ian feel+1 b makes !m bo? subord9ate4 ,! ,*ur* says to its fai?ful1 ,we d n require y to believe or to feel1 b to obey4 ,if we said1 8,believe10 or 8,feel10 y might ju/ly reply1 8,we _c believe or feel :5 we *oose1 & y h !re=e no "r to ask u to d s40 ,!re=e ! ,*ur* only dem&s ob$i5ce1 :i* x is 9 ! p[] ( all to r5d]4 ,x1 inde$1 requires an ass5t to its cre$1 & =bids h]esy4 ,b ?is only means1 8,receive ! cre$ z true until y are able to see h[ x is true40 ,! ,*ur* also insi/s greatly on love1 & its sa9ts h be5 fill$ ) ! highe/ raptures ( piety4 ,b x nev] requires feel+4 ,x says1 8,use ! means we put into y\r h&s1 & feel+ w come4 ,pray1 z we comm& y to d1 :e!r y feel deeply or n4 ,feel+ w come by & by40 ,discipl9e1 !re=e1 & n illum9ation1 has be5 ! me?od ( ! ,*ur* ( ,rome1 & is also ! me?od ( all o!r ,*ur*es1 s f> z !y are ecclesia/ical ,*ur*es4 ,all su* ,*ur*es tea* t by a fai?ful con=mity to _! ritual1 me?ods1 sacram5ts1 s]vices1 discipl9e1 ! ,*ri/ian life w surely come4 ,! "o ?+ ne$ful & prim>y ) !m all is ob$i5ce1 & ! result ( ob$i5ce is k & love4 ,ess5tially ! same view is tak5 by ! ,e?ical p>ty1 or ,morali/s1 9 ,*ri/ianity4 ,_! /atem5t1 also1 ( ! f\ndation ( religion is1 t x lies 9 ob$i5ce4 ,!y diff] only f ! ,*ur* p>ty z reg>ds ! au?ority to be obey$4 ,) !m x is n ! ,*ur*1 b ! ,moral ,law1 z made kn[n to m5 9 revelation1 or 9 ! natural in/9cts ( consci5ce4 ,! f\ndation ( all goodness & religion is "r do+4 ,?is leads to "r ?9k+ & "r feel+2 or1 :5 x does n lead to ^!1 x is /ill suffici5t1 & is satisfactory to ,god4 8,:at do? ! ,"l require ( !e10 say !y1 8b to d ju/ly1 & love m]cy1 & walk humbly ) ?y ,god80 ,at ?is po9t ! extremes meet1 & ! ,roman ,ca?olic ,*ur*1 or ! extreme "r1 (f]s its h& to ! ,lib]al ,*ri/ians1 or ! extreme left4 ,?is is ! po9t ( contact betwe5 ! two1 :i* sometimes1 also1 becomes a bridge by :i* proselytes pass ei!r way1 f "o to ! o!r4 ,b ! practical "q is1 ,is ?is answ] s\nd8 ,does ! w lead ! way 9 religion8 ,is ob$i5ce ! fir/ /ep to be tak5 at e po9t ( ! way8 ,is ! initiative 9 ! religi\s life always an action8 ,are we sav$ by works8 ,! objection to ?is view is1 t a religi\s action1 )\t a religi\s ?\ght & a religi\s affection beh9d x1 is n 9 any s5se religi\s4 ,x has 9 x no?+ ( ! ess5ce ( religion4 ,religion1 reg>d$ m]ely z ob$i5ce to ,god1 implies ! k ( ,god4 ,we mu/ "k ,god 9 ord] to obey him2 we mu/ "k ,god 9 ord] to love him4 ,k1 !re=e1 mu/ prec$e ob$i5ce1 & n ! contr>y4 ,o!rwise ob$i5ce is an empty =m1 hav+ no religi\s "*4 ,unless we see ! tru? & ju/ice ( ob$i5ce1 we are only yield+ to human p]suasion1 to human au?ority1 & n to ! au?ority ( ,god4 ,x may be well1 or x may be ill1 to yield to su* human au?ority2 b !re is no religion 9 x1 or only a religion ( dead works4 #i4 ,! ,p>ty ( ,emotion 9 ,*ri/ianity4 ,!re are ^?1 & always h be5 ^?1 :o h plac$ ! sub/ance ( religion 9 love1 9 :i* !y h1 p]haps1 n be5 mi/ak54 ,b !y h (t5 tak5 ano!r /ep1 by degrad+ love into m]e emotion4 ,!y h consid]$ t feel+ 0 ! basis ( religion2 n ?\ght1 nor action4 ,!y too h texts to quote 9 support ( _! view4 ,!y say t 8) ! he>t m5 believe unto righte\sness20 t we mu/ 8be root$ & gr\nd$ 9 love20 t ! fir/ comm&m5t is to 8love ,god ) all ! he>t40 ,z ) !m religi\s emotion con/itutes ! ess5ce ( religion1 !y make use ( all means ( produc+ x1 & especially ! excitem5t :i* comes f sympa?y4 ,! ,me?odi/ ,*ur* has1 p]haps1 gone f>!r ?an any o!r t[>ds mak+ ?is a pr9ciple4 ,?is great & noble body has done its va/ "w = ,*ri/ianity by mak+ prom95t ! love-pr9ciple 9 all its op]ations4 ,if ! ,*ur* p>ty /&s at "o extreme1 ,me?odism1 9 all its =ms1 /&s at ! o!r4 ,! ,roman ,ca?olic ,*ur* sums up all ! inspirations ( ! pa/1 collects 9 its l>ge rep]toire all anci5t liturgies1 all sa9tly lives1 all sacr$ cu/oms1 & s br+s an impos+ au?ority1 a rev]5d antiquity1 made up ( ! be/ hi/ory ( man4 ,me?odism drops ! pa/1 & f9ds ,god 9 ! pres5t--9 pres5t inspirations1 9 ! newly-conv]t$ s\l1 born out ( d>kness into light1 by ! imm$iate com+ ( ! ,_s ( ,god4 ,accord+ to ! ,ca?olic ,*ur* ! ,*ri/ian life comm5ces ) an outw>d act1--t ( baptism1--& is c>ri$ on by outw>d sacram5ts2 accord+ to ,me?odism1 ! ,*ri/ian life beg9s ) an inw>d emotional exp]i5ce1--! spiritual new bir?1--& is c>ri$ on by successive emotions ( p5it5ce1 fai?1 hope1 joy1 & pi\s devotion4 ,accord+ to ,ca?olicism1 ! "o ?+ ne$ful is ! outw>d sacram5tal union ) ! ,*ur*2 accord+ to ,me?odism1 ! "o ?+ ne$ful is ! inw>d emotional union ) ! ,holy ,_s4 #aj4 ,! ,fai? ,p>ty 9 ,religion4 ,if ,*ur*ism & ,moralism place ! ess5ce ( ,*ri/ianity 9 action1 & ,emotionalism puts x 9 feel+1 ,or?odoxy places x 9 some?+ intellectual1 :i* x calls fai?4 ,all ! sects ( ,*ri/5dom d1 inde$1 place fai? at ! root ( ! ,*ri/ian life2 b "s make x ess5tially an intellectual act1 o!rs ess5tially affectionate1 & o!rs an act ( w4 ,or?odoxy makes x1 9 sub/ance1 a sight ( fai?1 or an act ( look+ at spiritual realities4 ,sometimes x is call$ a realiz+ s5se ( spiritual ?+s4 ,b1 at all ev5ts1 ! sight ( tru? is consid]$ ! beg9n+ & root ( religion by ! ,or?odox p>ty 9 ! ,*ur*4 ,we are sav$ by ! ^w ( tru?2 & ! ,savi\r himself is call$ 8! ,^w10--belief 9 :om con/itutes et]nal life4 ,rationally1 x is argu$ t ! ess5tial diff]5ce betwe5 ! ,*ri/ian & ! unbeliev]1 or ! un*ri/ian1 mu/ lie 9 see+ ,*ri/ or n see+ him4 ,! fir/ /ep 9 ! religi\s life always consi/s 9 look+ at ! tru?4 #aa4 ,tru? 9 ! ,or?odox ,idea4 ,admitt+1 !n1 :at all ^! sy/ems & p>ties 9 ! ,*ur* unite 9 ass]t+1--t an act ( fai? is always at ! f\ndation ( e ,*ri/ian /ate & ( all ,*ri/ian exp]i5ce1--we ask1 ,:i* is ! mo/ ess5tial elem5t 9 fai?--w1 intellect1 or affection8 ,is an act ( fai? *iefly an act ( ! w1 a det]m9ation1 or is x a lov+ desire1 or a /ate ( k1 a look+ at tru?8 ,suppose we call x a /ate ( love1 = ?is reason1 t 9 ord] to be good1 ! fir/ ?+ requisite is to wi% to be good4 ,a long+ = goodness1 x may be said1 mu/ prec$e ev]y?+ else4 ,b :at makes u long = goodness1 if we d desire x8 ,:at %all produce t long+1 if x does n exi/8 ,! only answ] mu/ be1 ,! sight ( tru?4 ,! sight ( ,god's hol9ess & ( ,god's t5d]ness1 ! sight ( law & gospel1 :atev] %[s u ! beauty ( goodness & ! meanness ( s91 mu/ come fir/ to awak5 ?is desire4 ,or suppose x be said t ! ess5tial ?+ 9 fai? is ! active elem5t1 because x is submitt+ to ,god's law1 tru/+ 9 8 help1 com+ to ! tru?1 op5+ ! he>t to ! ,holy ,_s1--all ( :i* are det]m9ations ( ! w4 ,we mu/ reply1 ,true2 b ^! det]m9ations w nev] be tak5 unless we fir/ see ! w ( ,god to :i* we submit1 see ! salvation ( ,god on :i* we lean1 "k t !re is a tru? to :i* we may come1 "k t !re is a ,holy ,_s1 9 ord] to ask = x4 ,s t1 on ! :ole1 we may say t ,or?odoxy is "r 9 mak+ ! sight ( tru? ! beg9n+ ( ! ,*ri/ian life1 & ! beg9n+ ( e ,*ri/ian /ate1 act1 or exp]i5ce4 ,all human goodness is ! reflection ( ,god's goodness2 x all has its s\rce 9 ! sight ( a div9e hol9ess1 tru?1 beauty4 ,?is is ! fundam5tal idea ( ,or?odoxy1 & 9 ?is ,or?odoxy is "r4 ,x is no answ] to ?is to say t man has an in/9ctive long+ = goodness1 :i* causes him to feel aft] ,god be=e he f9ds him4 ,= :at are ^! in/9cts !mselves1 z soon z !y beg9 to act1 b ! voice ( ,god speak+ 9 ! s\l1 %[+ x "s glimpses ( a div9e tru?8 ,! long+ 9 ! s\l mu/ be ar\s$ by ! sight or k ( some?+ bett] ?an t :i* "o has or is4 ,consequ5tly1 we say aga91 t ! sight ( tru? is t :i* saves ! s\l1 & fir/ creates 9 x a bett] life4 ,if we make ,*ri/ianity to be ess5tially ob$i5ce1 we make ( x1 at la/1 an oppressive =m4 ,if we consid] x z ess5tially an emotional exp]i5ce1 we de/roy its moral "*2 = emotion is bo? passive & bl9d1 :ile ! def9ition ( morality is ! freely *oos+ :at we see to be "r4 ,ecclesia/icism & ,emotionalism bo? t5d to demoralize ,*ri/ianity4 ,!y remove f x ! elem5t ( moral fre$om 9 ! int]e/ ei!r ( ,*ur* au?ority or ( my/ical piety4 ,!n ,*ri/ianity mu/ come anew1 9 ! =m ( tru?1 to purify ! air1 & r5ew ! moral life ( society4 ,prote/antism arose 9 ?is way1 to salt ! corrupt+ ,*ur*4 ,ecclesia/icism1 9 its well-meant ef=ts at tra9+ m51 by a complete discipl9e1 to a p]fect virtue1 _h suppress$ ! individual love ( tru? to su* an ext5t1 t religion _h become a m]e surface1 )\t sub/ance4 ,jesuitism aboli%$ ! di/9ction betwe5 ?+s "r & wrong 9 !mselves1 & made "r to consi/ solely 9 ! int5tion2 t is1 made x :olly subjective4 ,! ,lu!ran re=mation 0 ! revival ( ! intellect 9 reg>d to religion--! dem& = conviction in/ead ( ass5t2 = ! sight ( ,god 9 place ( ob$i5ce to ! ,*ur*4 ,x repeat$1 ) an emphasis adapt$ to ! ne$s ( ! sixte5? c5tury1 ! words ( ,jesus1 8,?is is life et]nal1 to "k !e1 ! only true ,god1 & ,jesus ,*ri/ :om ?\ ha/ s5t40 ,9 ^! words is ! suffici5t def5ce ( ,prote/antism4 ,x 0 ! cry ( ! s\l to "k ,god1 & n m]ely to ass5t to :at ! ,*ur* taught conc]n+ him2 x 0 ! long+ to "k ,*ri/1 & n to repeat by rote ! cre$s ( ! fir/ c5turies1 & ! def9itions ( m$ival doctors 9 reg>d to him4 ,9 a subsequ5t *apt] we %all consid] ! tru? & error 9 ! ,prote/ant pr9ciple ( ju/ification by fai?4 ,our purpose "h is to %[ t ! tru? 9 ,or?odoxy is id5tical ) ! tru? 9 ,prote/antism4 ,bo? place1 z ! root ( all religion1 an individual p]sonal sight ( ,god & tru?4 ,to ?is1 fre$om ( ?\ght is an ess5tial means4 ,"r ?9k+ involves free ?9k+4 ,if to "k ! tru? makes u free1 fre$om1 aga91 is ! condition ( kn[+ ! tru?4 ,prote/antism & ,or?odoxy h (t5 attempt$ to limit ! application ( ?is pr9ciple4 ,prote/ants1 z well z ,ca?olics1 h p]secut$ h]etics4 ,b :ile ,ca?olics1 9 do+ ?is1 h be5 fai?ful to _! own idea1 & h !re=e made ( p]secution a sy/em1 ,prote/ants h be5 vacillat+ & undecid$ p]secutors4 ,!y h be5 drawn 9 opposite directions by antagoni/ pr9ciples4 ,fundam5tally1 ,prote/antism1 z su*1 claims = all ! rights ( private judgm5t1 & is1 !re=e1 9 its :ole /ress & influ5ce1 oppos$ to p]secution1 & 9 favor ( religi\s lib]ty4 ,x has conqu]$ ! ,ca?olic ,*ur* on ?is po9t s f> z to compel x to r5\nce ! practice ( p]secution1 if x has n rel9qui%$ ! !ory4 ,dur+ ?ree c5turies ,prote/antism has be51 m & m1 emancipat+ ! human m9d--mak+ x ! duty1 & consequ5tly ! "r1 ( e human be+ to see tru? = himself4 ,x has be5 drawn into inconsi/5cies by its belief 9 ! sav+ p[] ( c]ta9 doctr9es1 & ! supreme importance ( believ+ !m4 ,on "o h& x has claim$1 ) a trumpet voice1 ! fre$om ( consci5ce & op9ion = all1 & !n has cri$ out aga9/ ^? :o freely came to op9ions diff]+ f its own4 ,b1 not)/&+ ^! inconsi/5cies1 ,prote/antism has /eadily giv5 fre$om ( _s to mank9d4 ,& ) ! awak5$ & emancipat$ intellect all ! elem5ts ( progress h %[n !mselves 9 ,prote/ant l&s4 ,9 #aeag1 :5 ,lu!r nail$ 8 !ses to ! *ur* door1 ,italy1 ,spa91 & ,portugal 7 f> 9 advance ( ,nor!rn ,europe 9 civilization4 ,9 comm]ce1 art1 & lit]ature1 ,italy 0 ! que5 ( ,europe4 ,9 milit>y =ce1 ext5t ( possessions1 & unb\nd$ weal?1 ,spa9 0 ! lead+ p[] ( ! _w4 ,! ,portuguese m>9]s _h ransack$ e sea1 & discov]$ new cont95ts & isl&s 9 e zone4 ,h[ insignificant1 9 comp>ison ) ^! great nations1 7 ,engl&1 ,holl&1 & ,g]many6 ,b ,engl&1 ,holl&1 & ,g]many became ,prote/ant2 ,italy1 ,spa91 & ,portugal rema9$ ,ca?olic2 :ile ,france & ,au/ria adopt$ a half-way ,ca?olicism4 ,! result has be51 9 ! c\rse ( ?ree c5turies1 a complete rev]sal ( ! position4 ,! la/ h become fir/1 & ! fir/ la/4 ,:at n[ has become ( ! t]rible p[] ( ,spa91 ! ent]prise ( ,portugal1 ! art & lit]ature ( ,italy8 ,:5 ! elem5t ( ,prote/antism 0 cru%$ out ( ^! nations by ! ,inquisition1 ! pr9ciple ( national progress 0 also de/roy$4 ,b ! nor!rn p[]s :o accept$ ! ,lu!ran re=m receiv$ ) x ! g]ms ( progress4 ,holl&1 ,d5m>k1 ,norway1 ,sw$51 ,prussia1 ,saxony1 ,engl&1 & ,scotl&1 h1 by a /eady progress 9 civilization1 weal?1 k1 & morality1 conclusively demon/rat$ ! impulse ( progress conta9$ 9 ! ,prote/ant idea4 ,s f>1 !re=e1 z ?is great exp]im5t1 cont9u$ dur+ ?ree hundr$ ye>s1 c prove any?+1 x proves ! tru? ( ! c5tral idea ( ,prote/antism & ,or?odoxy1 namely1 t sav+ fai? is ess5tially n emotional nor volitional1 b intellectual4 #ab4 ,error 9 ! ,or?odox ,pr9ciple4 ,we are well aw>e ( ! reply :i* might be made1 f ! /&-po9t ( ,ecclesia/icism1 to ! hi/orical argum5t j giv54 ,! ,roman ,ca?olic might answ] ?us3 8,we admit t ! tree mu/ be kn[n by its fruits2 b ! tree ( true ,*ri/ianity is kn[n by be>+ ! fruits ( ,*ri/ianity1 n ^? ( worldly civilization4 ,suppose t ,engl& is to-day ri*] ?an ,italy1 m p[]ful ?an ,spa92 is %e bett]8 ,are !re m piety & m morality 9 ,prote/ant ?an 9 ,ca?olic c\ntries8 ,9 :i* communities d y f9d ! mo/ humility1 simplicity1 religi\s fai?1 rev]5ce = religi\s in/itutions1 fe> ( ,god8 ,9 :i* d y f9d mo/ ( sympa?y1 k9dl9ess1 good w f man to man8 ,! fi]ce civilization ( ,prote/antism is h>d1 cold1 & cruel4 ,x tramples "u its feet ! weak4 ,x accumulates weal? & p[]2 b are ^! ,*ri/ianity8 ,is ,london or ,rome ! be/ model ( a ,*ri/ian city8 ,is x ,london1 ) its t]rible contra/s ( enorm\s weal? & nak$ want1 its pr\d ari/ocracy & brutaliz$ mob1 its empty *ur*es & illum9at$ g9-%ops8 or is x n r ,rome1 poor] 9 mat]ial weal? & luxury1 b ri* 9 grace--,rome1 ) its odor ( sanctity ab\t x2 its num]\s *ur*es1 on :i* art has lavi%$ h] res\rces to make !m wor?y to be ! temples ( ,god--,rome1 ) its prie/s & monks2 its religi\s h\ses1 ! c5tres ( ! great religi\s ord]s1 ^: missions h be5 kn[n 9 ! f\r qu>t]s ( ! e>?8 ,prote/ant c\ntries may h a high] worldly civilization1 m education & intellig5ce1 m manufactures & comm]ce2 b ,ca?olic c\ntries h m humility & rev]5ce1 a m habitual piety1 m g5tle mann]s4 ,if ,prote/ants h m k1 ,ca?olics h m love40 ,& we1 ?\gh ,prote/ants ( ! ,prote/ants1 mu/ admit t !re is "s tru? 9 ?is4 ,! discipl9e ( ,romanism has repress$ "s am\nt ( evil :i* ! lib]ty ( ,prote/ant l&s has all[$ to appe>4 ,b repress$ evil is none ! less evil1 & (t5 works a great] inw>d corruption ?an :5 x is all[$ to %[ itself z x is4 ,we may also admit t :ile 9 ,prote/antism !re is m ( ,,tru?1 & all ! virtues :i* g !re)1--su* z hone/y1 manl9ess1 self-respect1 consci5ti\sness1--9 ,ca?olic c\ntries !re is m ( ,,love1 & all ! virtues :i* foll[ x1--z k9dly1 g5ial mann]s1 ready sympa?y ) suff]+1 a _s ( dep5d5ce & tru/4 ,/ill1 ?is does n prove t !re is m real ,*ri/ianity among ,ca?olics2 = love :i* does n gr[ out ( ! sight ( tru? is n g5u9e nor heal?y4 ,its life is weak4 ,prote/ant ,*ri/ianity is an immature fruit1 h>% because n q ripe4 ,ca?olic ,*ri/ianity is a fruit ov]-ripe1 & s rott54 ,!re=e we /ill cont5d t ,prote/antism & ,or?odoxy are "r 9 mak+ ! free & indep5d5t sight ( tru? ! root ( all religion4 ,b ! mi/ake ( ,or?odoxy has be5 9 conf\nd+ tru? ) doctr9e--! sight ( ! ?+ ) ! !ory ab\t t sight4 ,f h5ce come ! h>dness & coldness ( ,or?odoxy4 ,pure ?\ght is always cold1 & ought to be4 ,! sight ( spiritual ?+s is tru? & love 9 "o2 b :5 we beg9 to reflect on t sight1 ! love drops out1 & ! tru? becomes cold4 ,! defect ( ! ,or?odox pr9ciple1 !re=e1 is ! confusion ( tru? ) belief4 ,out ( ?is mi/ake come dogmatism1 bigotry1 & all _! natural consequ5ces4 ,x is !re=e well1 be=e go+ f>!r1 to expla9 m fully ?is di/9ction & its importance4 #ac4 ,fai?1 ,k1 ,belief1 ,op9ion4 ,religion orig9ates at e mom5t1 f look+ at tru?4 ,n[1 !re are f\r k9ds ( look+2 fai?1 :i* is intuitive look+2 k1 :i* is ! intuition itself look$ at by reflection1 & s br\ght to consci\sness2 ?ird1 belief1 :i* arranges ! products ( k 9 sy/ematic =m1 & makes !m congru\s ) ea* o!r2 & la/ly comes op9ion1 :i* does n deal at all ) ?+s1 b only ) ?\ghts ab\t ?+s4 ,by fai? we see ,god2 by k we become consci\s t we see ,god2 by belief we arrange 9 ord] :at we see2 & by op9ion we feel & grope among our ?\ghts1 seek+ :at we may f9d ( 8 works & ways4 ,e act ( fai? br+s u into ! pres5ce ( ,god himself1 & makes u p>tak]s ( ! div9e nature4 ,?us fai? is /rictly & lit]ally ! sub/ance ( ?+s hop$ =1 or ! sub/ance ( hope47#f7 ,sub/ance "h has its etymological s5se1 & is ! same ^w 9 ,greek & ,engli%1 mean+ basis1 f\ndation1 support1 or sub/ruction4 ,x is ! inw>d exp]i5ce by :i* we come 9 contact ) invisible ?+s1 z p]ception is ! exp]i5ce by :i* we come 9 contact ) visible ?+s4 ,^! /eps ( intellectual activity may be call$ by o!r names ?an ^!4 ,:at we 7) ,jacobi7 call fai?17#g7 may be d5om9at$ 8intuition0 7) ! transc5d5tali/s71 reason 7) ,col]idge71 ,god-consci\sness 7) ,s*lei]ma*]71 or ans*auungs-v]mg5 7) ,s*ell+ & o!rs74 ,b1 by :atev] "n we call ?is p[]1 we say !re is a p[] 9 man by :i* he c see spiritual facts1 z ) 8 e>?ly s5ses he c p]ceive s5sible facts4 ,if he has no su* p[]1 he is incapable ( kn[+ ,god1 b c only h an op9ion t !re is a ,god4 ,b if he c "k ,god1 ?is k re/s on some?+ back ( reason+ or reflection2 x mu/ re/ on an intuition or spiritual p]ception4 ,& ?is1 = our pres5t purpose1 we call fai?4 ,by means ( x we "k ! spiritual _w1 j z we "k ! mat]ial _w ?r\gh sight1 t\*1 & he>+4 ,! s5ses are ! organs by :i* we p]ceive mat]ial ?+s2 intuition1 or fai?1 ! organ by :i* we p]ceive spiritual ?+s4 ,he :o d5ies ! exi/5ce ( su* a p[] 9 man1 falls necess>ily into dogmatism on ! "o h&1 or rationalism on ! o!r4 ,b z ^! words also take a v diff]5t s5se on diff]5t lips1 we expla9 ourselves by say+ t he puts ei!r a !ory or an inf]5ce 9 ! place ( ,god4 ,if or?odox1 he puts a !ory2 if sceptical1 an inf]5ce4 ,mr4 ,mansell does ! fir/1 ,h]b]t ,sp5c] ! o!r4 ,nei!r ( !m believes t we c "k ,god's exi/5ce4 ,s dogmatism & scepticism jo9 h&s4 ,all ! consequ5ces describ$ 9 ! beg9n+ ( ?is *apt] foll[ z a matt] ( c\rse :5 an op9ion or !ory is put 9 ! place ( tru?4 ,!n come ! inflexible n>r[ness ( bigotry1 ! hot zeal ( ! p]secutor1 ! sect>ian /rife :i* has torn ! ,*ur* 9 twa94 ,! rem$y & prev5tion = ^! are to recognize t ! basis ( religion is 9 fai?1 9 a liv+ sight ( ,god1 ! s\l1 duty1 immortality1 :i* are always & =ev] ! same4 ,! be/ def9itions ( fai?1 by !ologians ( all s*ools1 include ! notion ( insight1 w1 & affection4 ,x is an act ( ! s\l by :i* x looks at tru?4 ,b ?is act implies a desire to see & "k ! tru?4 ,n[1 su* an act z ?is lies at ! root ( all our k1 bo? ( ! mat]ial & spiritual _w4 ,h[ d ,i "k ! outw>d _w8 ,! passive ex]cise ( s5sation w\ld nev] give su* k4 ,! sights :i* ent] ! passive eye1 ! s\nds :i* fill ! passive e>1 ! feel+s :i* affect ! passive s5se1 give no real k ( outw>d ?+s4 ,t comes1 n f s5sation m]ely1 b f s5sation *ang$ into exp]i5ce by a volunt>y activity4 ,we mu/ n only see1 b look2 n only he>1 b li/52 n only feel1 b t\*1 9 ord] to "k4 ,life1 !re=e1 ! con/ant syn!sis ( ^! ?ree elem5ts1--life :i*1 9 e act1 at once ?9ks1 feels1 & does1--alone gives u k4 ,divorce ?\ght f affection & w1 & let x act by itself1 & x does n give k2 x only gives belief or op9ion4 ,k comes only f exp]i5ce--& exp]i5ce means communion4 ,communion ) ,nature by ?\ght1 desire1 & action gives u ! k ( ,nature2 communion ) ,god by ?\ght1 desire1 & act1 gives u ! k ( ,god4 ,! organ by :i* we commune ) ,god is fai?2 x includes ! desire ( kn[+ ,god1 & ! act ( look+ to him 9 ord] to "k him4 ,,k ( ,god1 ( immortality1 & ( spiritual ?+s does n come f any process ( reason+ on ! "o h&1 nor f any s+le intuition ( reason4 ,j s we d n "k ! mat]ial _w by a process ( reason+ on ! "o h&1 or any s+le s5sible p]ception on ! o!r4 ,all k comes f life2 or1 z ! apo/le ,john expresses x1 8,life is ! light ( man40 ,we become acqua9t$ ) outw>d nature by liv+ processes--by repeat$ acts ( sight1 he>+1 t\*1 ta/e4 ,s we become acqua9t$ ) ! spiritual _w by repeat$ spiritual acts2 by repeat$ processes ( fai?2 by cont9u$ /eps ( devotion1 submission1 ob$i5ce1 tru/1 love1 pray]4 ,9 ?is way we come to "k ,god j z c]ta9ly1 & j 9 ! same way1 z we "k ?+s visible or ?+s audible4 ,b k is n belief4 ,k is ! root$ conviction ( ! reality ( c]ta9 facts or p]sons1 d]iv$ f commun+ ) ^? facts or p]sons4 ,belief is ! intellectual ass5t to a proposition--a proposition =m$ by analytic & syn!tic me?ods4 ,we analyze our notion conc]n+ any subject1 & !n arrange ! results ( ?is analysis 9 ord]1 & d$uce f !m a proposition1 a law4 ,?is we call our belief1 or cre$1 conc]n+ x4 ,! sub/ance ( ?is belief is giv5 u 9 life2 ! =m ( x comes f ?9k+ or reason+4 ,b x is evid5t t su* a belief diff]s 9 ea* individual accord+ to 8 exp]i5ce1 & accord+ to 8 habits ( reason+1 & ev5 accord+ to 8 facility 9 expression4 ,moreov]1 k & belief diff] also 9 ?is1 t k places u 9 ! pres5ce ( ! reality1 belief only 9 ! pres5ce ( a proposition conc]n+ x4 ,?us ,john & ,james are fri5ds4 ,john kn[s ,james ?r\gh a long int]c\rse4 ,he is j z c]ta9 9 reg>d to ! ess5tial "* ( ,james z he is ab\t 8 own4 ,b if he tries to express ?is k ( ,james 9 ! =m ( belief1 he may evid5tly express x badly4 ,he may fail f a defective analysis1 or f imp]fect p[]s ( language4 ,on ! o!r h& ,john may n "k ,james at all4 ,he may nev] h se5 him4 ,b he has he>d ab\t him f a mutual fri5d1 9 ^: judgm5t he tru/s1 or f sev]al p]sons1 & s he has =m$ a v decid$ belief 9 reg>d to ,james4 ,he has a cre$ ab\t him1 ?\gh he has nev] kn[n him4 ,9 ! same way ^? :o "k ,god truly & well1 by ! exp]i5ce ( ob$i5ce & pray]1 may h a v errone\s belief conc]n+ him4 ,^? :o d n "k him at all1 by any p]sonal exp]i5ce1 may h a v correct belief conc]n+ him4 ,b :i* saves ! s\l8 ,:i* gov]ns ! life8 ,:i* affects ! he>t8 ,evid5tly n ! belief1 b ! k4 ,we are n sav$ by any belief :atsoev] conc]n+ ,god or ,*ri/1 conc]n+ s9 or salvation1 conc]n+ duty or de/9y4 ,belief br+s u into contact ) ! images ( ?+s1 n ! ?+s !mselves4 ,belief has no sav+ p[]4 ,b k has4 8,?is is life et]nal1 to ,,"k !e1 ! only true ,god1 & ,jesus ,*ri/1 :om ?\ ha/ s5t40 ,x is !re=e a great mi/ake :5 ,or?odoxy or ,rationalism rev]ses ! axiom ( ,john1 & in/ead ( say+1 8,life is ! light ( man10 tells u t 8,light is ! life ( man40 ,k comes f life4 ,belief comes f k1 & n ! contr>y4 ,! ,,pr9ciple ( ,or?odoxy1 z /at$ at ! comm5cem5t ( ?is *apt] 79 #a71 is1 t !re is "o true sy/em ( ,*ri/ian doctr9e1 & t all o!rs are false4 ,! ,,idea ( ,or?odoxy1 z /at$ 9 #aj ( ?is *apt]1 is1 t ! s\l is sav$ by ! sight ( tru?4 ,! idea ( ,or?odoxy is true--its pr9ciple is false4 ,! sight ( tru?--t is1 ( ! great spiritual realities--saves u1 = only by t sight are we lift$ above our feeble & imp]fect selves1 & enabl$ to p>take ( ! nature ( ,god4 ,b :ile tru? is ev] "o & ! same1 doctr9e v>ies f age to age1 v>ies f man to man4 ,ea* man's /atem5t is limit$ by 8 position1 8 mode ( ?\ght1 8 p[] ( spee*4 ,nor c any c\ncil1 assembly1 conf]5ce1 synod escape f simil> limitations4 ,let ! di/9ction be once cle>ly recogniz$ betwe5 tru? z se5 & tru? z /at$1--betwe5 k & belief1--& we see ! end ( dogmatism1 bigotry1 intol]ance1 & sup]/ition4 ,we %all !n see t religion is "o ?+ & !ology q ano!r1 & t ! te/ & evid5ce ( a s\nd religi\s exp]i5ce are n :at a man says1 b :at he is4 ,! sight ( tru? rema9s1 z always1 ! s\rce ( our moral & spiritual life1 b ?is sight ( tru? mu/ pass into k1 by means ( life1 9 ord] to r5ew ! s\l4 ,,fai?1 or ! act by :i* ! s\l1 desir\s ( good1 puts itself 9 ! pres5ce ( tru?1 is always ! beg9n+ ( ea* spiritual /ate4 ,,k1 born ( ?is fai?1 ?r\gh repeat$ acts ( consci5ce1 love1 ob$i5ce1 pray]1 is ! next /ep1 & t :i* fixes ! tru? 9 ! s\l4 ,,belief comes aft]w>ds1 result+ f ! k ?us obta9$1 analyz$1 & arrang$ by ! sy/ematiz+ intellect4 ,& !ory1 or op9ion1 goes =w>d1 l ! skirmi%]s be=e an army1 exam9+ ! r\te & op5+ ! way1 b incapable ( resi/+ any attack1 or hold+ p]man5tly any position4 ,,*apt] ,,iii4 ,,! ,,or?odox ,,idea ,,( ,,natural ,,& ,,reveal$ ,,religion2 ,,or1 ,,naturalism ,,& ,,sup]naturalism4 #a4 ,mean+ ( ,natural & ,sup]natural4 ,or?odox ,*ri/ianity claims t ,*ri/ianity is a sup]natural revelation1 consi/+ ( tru?s reveal$ by ,god1 n accord+ to ! me?od ( nature1 b outside ( x4 ,b n m]ely ! or?odox1 ! het]odox too1 ,unit>ians1 ,univ]sali/s1 ,quak]s1 ,sw$5borgians1 all hold to ,*ri/ianity z a sup]natural fai?4 ,:at d !y mean by ?is1 & :y d !y insi/ on x s /rongly8 ,?is is our fir/ "q1 & ! next w be1 8,:at d ^? :o hold to naturalism mean by x1 & :y d !y insi/ on _! view80 ,! di/9ction betwe5 ! two seems to be ?is3 ,! naturali/s 9 !ology ass]t t ,god comes to man ?r\gh nature1 & nature only2 ! sup]naturali/ decl>es t ,god comes to man1 n only ?r\gh nature1 b also by o!r me?ods outside ( nature1 or above nature4 ,!re is no "q betwe5 !m z to natural religion4 ,bo? admit t2 sup]naturali/s believe all t naturali/s believe1 only !y believe some?+ m4 ,b h[ is nature to be def9$8 ,:at is meant by nature8 ,v>i\s def9itions are giv52 b we wi% = "o n[ :i* %all really express ! issue tak5 9 ?is controv]sy4 ,s we may def9e nature z law4 ,all ! nexus or web ( exi/+ sub/ances & =ces :i* are "u law belong to nature4 ,all t happ5s outside ( ^! laws is ei!r pret]natural1 unnatural1 subt]natural1 or sup]natural4 ,if x is some?+ outside ( law1 b n violat+ x1 nor com+ f a high] s\rce1 we call x pret]natural2 l magic1 gho/s1 sorc]y1 fairies1 g5ii1 & ! l4 ,:at violates law is unnatural4 ,:at is s l[ d[n t x lies bel[ law1 z *aos be=e creation2 or nebul\s matt] n yet beg9n+ to obey ! law ( gravitation2 or intellig5ces1 l ,mephi/opheles or ,satan1 :o h sunk s l[ 9 s9 z to h lo/ ! p]ception ( "r & wrong1 is subt]natural1 bel[ nature4 ,:at belongs to a religion above ! laws ( "t & space1 above ! f9ite1 is sup]natural4 ,?us brutes1 & m5 l brutes1 :o are bel[ ! moral law1 are subt]natural z reg>ds t law4 ,we d n call x a s9 9 a tig] to kill a man1 = he is bel[ law z reg>ds s94 ,he is bel[ ! moral law4 ,aga91 we c conceive ( angels s high up z to be above ! moral law1 9 "p ( its doma91 n capable ei!r ( common virtue or ( common s91 accord+ to our /&>ds ( morality1 ?\gh p]haps "u "s high] code ( e?ics4 ,!y are sup]natural be+s z reg>ds t law--! moral law ( ?is _w4 ,z reg>ds "s p>ts ( ! moral law1 !re are1 no d\bt1 multitudes ( human be+s above x ev5 9 ?is _w4 ,!re are _m p]sons q incapable ( swe>+1 ly+1 /eal+1 gett+ drunk1 fly+ into a passion1 & to :om1 !re=e1 x is no virtue to avoid ^! vices4 ,!y are simply above t "p ( ! moral law4 ,!y are sup]natural be+s z respects t "p ( human "*4 ,aft] ^! illu/rations1 we c see :at is meant by sup]naturalism4 ,if !re is any?+ 9 ?is _w :i* comes f above ! _w1 & n f ! exi/+ laws ( be+1 t is sup]natural4 #b4 ,! ,creation ,sup]natural4 ,9 ?is s5se1 all b a!i/s mu/ admit ! sup]natural4 ,if1 = example1 y admit ! creation ( ! _w by ,god1 t 0 a sup]natural act2 t did n come f ! exi/+ laws ( ! _w1 because x creat$ ^? laws4 ,all ! ord] & beauty ( ! _w1 its v>iety & h>mony1 its inf9ite adaptation ( "p to "p1 & ea* to all1--^! exi/$ 9 ,god's m9d be=e !y exi/$ 9 nature4 ,!y 7 sup]natural1 z ideas1 be=e !y appe>$ 9 nature z facts4 ,& if1 z mo/ geologi/s suppose1 ! cru/ ( ! e>? d5otes a long s]ies ( creations1 successive epo*s1 at ! close ( ea* ( :i* new =ms ( vegetable & animal life appe>$1 !n ea* ( ^! 0 a new creation2 t is1 a new sup]natural act ( ! ,almighty4 ,! physical _w1 !re=e1 %[s a p[] above itself4 ,! natural te/ifies to ! sup]natural1 ! all to ! ov]-all4 ,! exi/+ web ( laws gives evid5ce ( ,,m9d1 outside ( itself1 above itself1 arrang+ & gov]n+ x4 #c4 ,! ,"q /at$4 ,?is be+ grant$1 ! "q betwe5 naturalism & sup]naturalism is1 :e!r ?is sup]9t5d+ m9d1 :i* came f above ! _w into x by acts ( creation1 :5 ! _w 0 made1 has or has n come into x subsequ5tly4 ,we h a s]ies ( creations d[n to ! "t t man arriv$ on ! e>?4 ,:5 he came1 he 0 a sup]natural be+1 & 8 com+ a sup]natural ev5t4 ,unless we assume t he 0 develop$1 by exi/+ laws1 out ( "s ape1 gorilla1 or *impanzee1 8 com+ 0 sup]natural4 ,n[1 did sup]natural ev5ts cease !n1 & s9ce t "t has ! _w gone on ( itself8 or h !re be5 subsequ5t incursions f a high] sph]e--a new influx f above1 f "t to "t1 add+ some?+ new to nature8 ,naturalism says no2 sup]naturalism says yes4 #d4 ,argum5t ( ! ,sup]naturali/ f successive ,geologic ,creations4 ,! sup]naturali/ says1 ,god comes to u 9 bo? ways--?r\gh nature2 t is1 ?r\gh ! ord] ( ?+s already e/abli%$2 & also by new creative impulses1 com+ 91 f "t to "t1 f above4 ,he cont5ds t su* a new creative impulse came into ! _w ?r\gh ,jesus ,*ri/1 add+ a new sub/ance & new =ms to ^? already exi/+--a new life n be=e 9 ! _w1 proce$+ accord+ to new laws4 ,?is new creation1 z ! ,scriptures !mselves t]m x1 is ,*ri/ianity4 ,?is is also said to be 9 analogy ) ! c\rse ( ev5ts4 ,=1 if !re has be5 a s]ies ( creations be=e1 br++ animals into ! _w1 & high] =ms ( physical life1--if ^! h be5 creat$ by new sup]natural impulses com+ 9 at int]vals ( hundr$s ( ?\s&s ( ye>s1--:y d5y t ano!r impulse may h come 9 f\r ?\s& ye>s1 or =ty ?\s& ye>s1 aft] man 0 creat$1 to add a new =m ( spiritual life to society8 ,9 ! _w1 z x 0 at fir/1 !re 0 n a liv+ plant or animal2 aft] ?\s&s ( ye>s1 or millions ( ye>s1 !re came into ! broad seas ( ! l[] ,silurian epo*1 "s ( ! l[e/ k9ds ( animals & seawe$s1 a few trilobites & mollusks1 b no plants save fucoids4 ,next came1 aft] a long "t1 a few c>tilag9\s fi%es & corals4 ,a long "t pass$--?\s&s ( ye>s roll$ by3 !n came real fi%es & l& plants 9 :at is call$ ! ,devonian p]iod1 or ! old r$ s&/one4 ,aft] a great :ile came ! p]iod to :i* belongs all ! coal =mation2 & 9 t c>bonif]\s epo* fir/ appe>s a :ole vegetable _w ( trees & plants1 to ! numb] ( n9e hundr$ & ?irty-f\r species4 ,"s insects arriv$ at ?is "t1 z beetles1 crickets1 & cockroa*es1 :i* are1 !re=e1 mu* m v5]able ?an man4 ,m ?\s&s ( ye>s g by3 !n ! e>? receives a new creation 9 ! =m ( gigantic frogs1 enorm\s reptiles1 & /range fi%es4 ,b z yet no mammal has come--n a bird nor a quadrup$ has be5 se5 on ! e>?4 ,!n1 aft] ano!r long p]iod1 ^! appe>1 9 :at is call$ ! t]ti>y p]iod2 until1 at la/1 "s rema9s ( man are f\nd1 9 ! diluvium1 or gravel4 ,geology ?us1 once ?\ght to be a!i/ic1 gives its te/imony to a long s]ies ( sup]natural facts2 t is1 to ! successive creation1 aft] long int]vals1 ( entirely new g5]a & species ( vegetables & animals4 ,z y turn ^! great /one leaves ( t maje/ic manuscript roll writt5 by ,god's h&1 :i* we call ! e>?1 y & he has be5 writ+ new ?+s on ea* page1 new facts & laws1 n on any =m] leaf4 ,new types ( life1 n prep>$ = by any previ\s "o1--by no sl[ evolution1 b by a sudd5 /ep1--break 94 ,on ! previ\s rocky page is to be f\nd n "o ( _! species1 g5us1 ord]1 or ev5 class1 to po9t back to any possible prog5itor4 ,s t ! globe itself says1 f ^! et]nal monum5ts ( rock1 8,behold ! hi/ory ( sup]natural ev5ts writt5 on me40 ,ea* creation is high] ?an ! la/3 f9ally man is creat$4 ,b /ill f above1 f outside ! _w1 ! creative life is ready to be p\r$ 94 ,only ! next creation is to be moral & spiritual1 n physical4 ,no new physical =ms are n[ add$1 b a new moral life is p\r$ into man1 mak+ him a new creation ( ,god4 8,= if any man is 9 ,*ri/1 he is a new creature40 ,! analogy 0 s /rik+1 t ! apo/les notic$ x1 & con/antly speak ( ,*ri/ z ! m$ium ( a new creation4 #e4 ,sup]natural ,argum5t f ,human ,fre$om4 ,b !re is ano!r example ( ! sup]natural elem5t 9 ! _w4 ,dr4 ,bu%nell1 9 8 book call$ 8,nature & ! ,sup]natural10 cont5ds t man is capable ( sup]natural acts2 t1 9 fact1 e really free act is1 & mu/ be1 a sup]natural act4 ,to ^? :o hold ! doctr9e ( necessity1 ?is is1 ( c\rse1 no argum5t4 ,b !y :o believe1 9 ! te/imony ( _! own consci\sness1 t !y are free be+s2 :o feel t !y are n dragg$ helplessly by ! /ronge/ motive1 b c resi/ x or yield to x2 :o1 !re=e1 feel !mselves responsible = :at !y d1 or omit to d1 !y c see t 9 a real s5se !y create new influ5ces4 ,_! actions are n results ( previ\s causes1 b are new causes1 n be=e 9 ! _w4 ,"s sup]natural p[] dwells 9 man's w j z f> z x is made free by reason & *oice4 ,man /&s betwe5 good & evil1 "r & wrong1 tru? & error1 ) ! p[] ( *oos+ ei!r "o or ! o!r4 ,if he *ooses "o1 he s5ds a p[] into society1 life1 humanity1 to help x =w>d2 if ! o!r1 he s5ds 9 a p[] to hold x back4 ,?is p[] is n f man's nature1 b f some?+ 9 him outside 8 nature4 ,:5 he acts f habit1 impulse1 passion1 & n f *oice1 he is simply a natural be+2 :5 he acts f *oice1 he is n a natural be+1 b ei!r a sup]natural or a subt]natural be+1 accord+ z he *ooses good or evil4 ,:5 he *ooses good1 he rises above ! natural man into ! sph]e ( angels2 :5 he *ooses evil1 he s9ks bel[ ! natural man into ! sph]e ( brutes or demons4 #f4 ,sup]natural ,ev5ts n necess>ily ,violations ( ,law4 ,n[1 says ! sup]naturali/1 if we h all ?is evid5ce to %[ t ,god n only acts ?r\gh nature1 by c>ry+ on exi/+ =ces & laws1 b also has repeat$ly come into nature ) new creations1 n !re be=e1--& if ev5 man himself has a c]ta9 limit$ b /rictly sup]natural p[]1 s z to be able to /& outside ( ! nexus ( law1 & act ^u x1--:y d5y1 z incr$ible1 t ,god %\ld h made a new moral creation 9 ,*ri/ianity8 %\ld h creat$ a new class1 ord]1 g5us1 & species ( spiritual be+s1 n repres5t$ be=e by any exi/+ cong5]s8 ,& :y "q t :at we call miracles--t is1 physical int]f]5ces ) natural laws--%\ld h att5d$ ?is sudd5 influx ( spiritual life8 ,we d n claim1 says ! judici\s sup]naturali/ 7l ,dr4 ,bu%nell1 = example71 t miracles are susp5sions or violations ( natural laws2 b t !y are ! natural modification ( ! ag5cy ( su* laws by a new & p[]ful influ5ce4 ,( ?is1 too1 !re is ample analogy 9 nature4 ,! m9]al k+dom1 = example1 is passively subject to me*anical & *emical laws1 :i* are resi/$ & modifi$ by plants & animals4 ,a /one obeys passively ! law ( gravitation2 a plant resi/s x1 rises into ! air 9 opposition to x4 ,su* a proce$+ on ! "p ( a plant mu/ seem to a /one a pure miracle4 ,if a piece ( granite %\ld write a book ( !ology1 x w\ld probably say t ! plant1 9 gr[+ up1 _h violat$ or susp5d$ a law ( nature4 ,b x has n4 ,! =ce ( gravitation has work$ on accord+ to its own law2 x has be5 dragg+ ! plant d[nw>d all ! "t1 only ! vital p[] 9 ! plant has ov]come its =ce1 & modifi$ ! result4 ,&1 aga91 a tree1 see+ a dog run to & fro1 might call t a miracle4 ,! tree1 unable to move f its place1 c\ld n conceive ( ! possibility ( volunt>y motion4 ,b no law ( nature is violat$2 only a high] p[] comes 9--! p[] ( animal life4 ,to a dog1 aga91 ! proce$+s ( a man are /rictly miracul\s4 ,to plant corn1 reap x1 ?re% x1 gr9d x1 & bake bread out ( x1 is exactly z mu* a miracle to ! dog1 z ! multiplication ( loaves1 or turn+ wat] into w9e1 by ,*ri/1 is a miracle to u4 ,b no law ( nature 0 violat$ 9 ei!r case4 ,reason 9 ! "o case1 "s pr(\nd] spiritual p[] 9 ! o!r1 may h modifi$ ! usual op]ation ( law1 & produc$ ^! results4 ,! ,or?odox sup]naturali/ !re=e cont5ds t ! sup]natural is a con/ant elem5t ( life4 ,high] natures are all sup]natural to l[] natures1 b natural 9 !mselves1 because ob$i5t to ! laws ( _! own nature4 ,nature1 )\t ?is sup]natural elem5t1 is only a ma*9e1 ( :i* ,god1 /&+ outside1 turns ! h&le4 ,?is is a l[ conception bo? ( nature & ( ,god4 ,z ,goe! says1 9 "o ( 8 immortal lyrics1-- 8,n s1 outside1 do? ! ,creator l+]1 ,nor let ! all ( ?+s run r\nd 8 f+]1 ,b moves its c5tre1 n its out] rim2 ,comes d[n to nature1 draws x up to him2 ,mov+ )91 inspir+ f above1 ,) curr5ts ev] new ( light & love40 #g4 ,life & ,hi/ory conta9 ,sup]natural ,ev5ts4 ,& besides all ?is1 says ! sup]naturali/1 we h cont9u$ & con/ant evid5ces1 9 all hi/ory & 9 all human exp]i5ce1 ( ! exi/5ce ( ?is sup]natural elem5t4 ,only a small m9ority ( mank9d h ev] d\bt$ x2 & ^? are m5 s imm]s$ 9 physical sci5ce1 or s hamp]$ by "s logical manacles1 or s /eep$ 9 purely worldly affairs1 z to be incapable ( see+ ! sup]natural facts :i* are recurr5t ev]more4 ,*ri/ianity itself has be5 an un9t]rupt$ s]ies ( sup]natural ev5ts4 ,! physical miracles ( ,*ri/ are no?+ to ! spiritual miracles :i* ,*ri/ianity is always work+4 ,bad m5 are made good1 weak m5 /rong1 c[>dly m5 brave1 ignorant & fooli% m5 wise1 by a sup]natural influ5ce giv5 9 answ] to pray]1 p\r$ d[n into he>ts & m9ds :i* op5 !mselves to receive x4 ,! conv]sion ( a bad man by ! p[] ( ,*ri/ianity is a miracle4 ,! p[] ( fai?1 hope1 love1 :i* e ,*ri/ian has exp]i5c$1 com+ into him1 n ?r\gh any op]ation ( 8 nature1 b simply p\r$ into 8 s\l f "s high] sph]e1--?is makes all argum5t unnecess>y to "o :o has _h ev] s little ,*ri/ian exp]i5ce4 ,?is is ! sub/ance ( ,or?odox sup]naturalism2 & ?is seems to me to be its tru?1 sep>at$ f its errors4 ,! naturalism ( ! pres5t "t we conceive to be p>tly direct$ aga9/ a false sup]naturalism1 & p>tly to be a mi/ake aris+ f a too exclusive att5tion to ! ord] ( ! univ]se1 z express$ 9 law4 #h4 ,! ,error ( ,or?odox ,sup]naturalism4 ,sup]naturalism has g5]ally disreg>d$ ,god 9 nature1 & only sees him 9 revelation4 ,x has all[$ a sort ( natural religion1 b only 9 ! way ( an argum5t to prove ! exi/5ce ( ,god by :at he did a long "t ago4 ,b x has n gone habitually to nature to see ,god !re1 inc>nate 9 sun1 moon1 & />s2 incorporate 9 spr+1 summ]1 autumn1 & w9t]2 9 day & night2 9 ! human s\l1 reason1 love1 w4 ,god has be5 all ar\nd u1 nev] f> f u2 b !ology has only be5 will+ to see him 9 ,jewi% hi/ory1 9 sacr$ books1 or on ,sundays 9 *ur*4 ,let u see him !re all we c1 b see him also 9 e rippl+ brook1 9 e t5d] fl[]1 9 all beauty1 all sublimity1 all arrangem5t & adaptation ( ?is _w4 ,no wond] t naturalism %\ld come to d :at ! ,*ur* has left undone--to f9d its ,god & ,fa!r 9 ?is great & wond]ful _w :i* he has made = u4 ,! cre$ says1 8,god ! ,fa!r1 ,god ! ,son1 & ,god ! ,holy ,gho/20 t is1 ,god ! ,creator1 se5 9 ,nature & ,provid5ce2 ,god ! ,r$eem]1 se5 9 ,*ri/ianity2 & ,god ! ,sanctifi]1 se5 9 e righte\s & holy s\l4 ,b ! ,*ur* has neglect$ its own cre$1 & omitt$ ,god ! ,creator1 (t5 also ,god ! ,sanctifi]1 & has only se5 ,god 9 ,*ri/ianity1 9 its hi/ory1 its ,*ur*1 its doctr9es1 its c]emonies47#h7 ,aga9/ ?is1 naturalism comes z a great & ne$$ prote/1 & calls u to see ,god also 9 nature & life4 ,!n ! ,*ur* has be5 too apt to tea* a miracul\s revelation1 9 :i* ! miracles are violations ( law4 ,b z ,god is confess$ly ! au?or ( law1 x has made ! ,deity violate 8 own laws2 t is1 has made him inconsi/5t1 arbitr>y1 irregul>1 & wilful4 ,deep 9 ! human m9d ,god has himself root$ a firm fai? 9 ! immutability ( law2 s t :5 miracles are ?us def9$1 naturalism ju/ly objects to !m4 #i4 ,no ,conflict betwe5 ,naturalism & ,sup]naturalism4 ,b betwe5 true naturalism & true sup]naturalism we d n ?9k !re ne$ be any w>4 ,we "k t !re are _m m5 s root$ 9 _! fai? 9 nature1 t !y _c see any?+ outside ( x1 or beyond x4 ,to !m ,god is law1 & law only4 ,ev5 creation is repugnant to !m1 because !y see t creation is really a sup]natural ?+4 ,h5ce come ! !ories ( developm5t2 ! 8,ve/iges ( ,creation20 ! nebul> hypo!sis2 ! ,d>w9ian !ory ( =mation ( species by natural selection2 ! notion ( man com+ out ( an ape2 pan!i/ic notions ( a ,god s imm]s$ 9 nature z to be n its intellig5t guide1 b only its unconsci\s s\l2 ! :ole univ]se proce$+ accord+ to an ord] :i* is j z mu* above ,god's k z above ours4 ,n[1 ! be/ geologi/s assure u t !re is no evid5ce 9 support ( ! transmutation ( species4 ,mr4 ,d>w9's !ory ( ! =mation ( species by natural selection is ?is3 ,9 ! /ruggle = life1 ! /ronge/ & be/ adapt$ animal lives1 ! re/ die4 ,?is animal transmits to its (fspr+ its own sup]ior qualities2 s a high] animal is gradually develop$4 ,= example1 ! giraffe 0 n made by ,god ) a long neck 9 ord] t x might br[se on ! leaves ( high trees4 ,b :5 leaves 7 sc>ce1 ! animal :o happ5$ to h a neck a little long] ?an ! re/ 0 able to get leaves4 ,s he liv$1 & ! re/ di$4 ,8 *ildr5 _h long] necks by ! law ( h]$it>y transmission4 ,s1 9 ! c\rse ( ages1 animals 7 gradually f\nd ) v long necks4 ,?us ! walrus has a curv$ horn gr[+ d[nw>ds f 8 l[] jaw1 by :i* he climbs on to ! float+ ice4 ,we mu/ n suppose1 h[ev]1 t ,god gave him ! tusk = t purpose2 b ! walrus1 or seal1 :o happ5$ to h a little horny bone "u 8 *91 c\ld climb on ! ice & get 8 food m easily1 & s he liv$1 :ile ! re/ di$2 & 8 desc5dants 9 ! c\rse ( a few hundr$s ( ?\s&s ( ye>s came1 by repeat+ ?is process1 to h horns1 & s ?is species ( phoca arriv$4 ,x is c]ta9ly possible to believe ?is !ory4 ,b 9 believ+ x we h to suppose two ?+s2 fir/1 a happy accid5t1 & !n a law ( transmission ( h]$it>y qualities4 ,n[1 ! !ory sub/itutes ?is law ( transmission & ^! happy accid5ts = ! creative design4 ,is any?+ ga9$ !reby8 ,! doma9 ( law is ext5d$ a little4 ,b ext5d x z mu* z y w1 y mu/ at la/ come to some?+ above law4 ,suppose ^! laws by :i* walrus & giraffe came1 7 all 9 ! orig9al nebula1 s t no ,creator has be5 ne$$ s9ce1 & no?+ sup]natural--nature has done x all s9ce4 ,b :o put ! laws !re to beg9 )8 ,y h to take ! sup]natural at la/1 or else suppose an accid5t to beg9 )4 ,accid5tally1 all ^! wond]ful laws happ5$ to be 9 a p>ticul> nebula4 ,he :o %r9ks f ?is supposition accepts ! sup]natural1 all at once1 at ! beg9n+1 in/ead ( ! sup]natural all ! way along1 8,:at does he ga9 by x80 ,he ga9s m]ely ?is1 t he puts ! ,creator out ( sight2 or r1 puts himself out ( sight ( ! ,creator4 ,he wor%ips ! great god ,developm5t in/ead4 ,equally satisfactory to ! intellect1 to say ! lea/1 & mu* m satisfactory to ! be/ human in/9cts1 is ! view ( ,god :i* sees him com+ ev]more into nature f above nature4 ,?is view says1 8,god is n only ord]1 b also fre$om4 ,he is n only law1 b also love4 ,he is 9 ! _w z law & ord]1 b he is above ! _w z ?\ght & love2 z ,provid5ce1 z ! heav5ly ,fa!r4 ,he comes to u to meet our exig5cies1 to inspire our d\bt+ he>ts1 to lift u into life & light4 ,he does n set a gr& ma*9e go+1 & !n look on & see x "w2 b he is 9 ! _w1 & ) u always4 ,! sup]natural dwells by ! side ( ! natural4 ,j z a wise & good fa!r has rules & laws by :i* to gov]n 8 *ildr5--rew>d+ & puni%+ !m z !y obey or disobey2 b besides t1 does a ?\s& ?+s = !m1 tak+ ! initiative himself2 s ,god gov]ns u by law1 b also (t5 takes ! initiative1 giv+ u :at we nev] ask$ =1 & knew no?+ (40 #aj4 ,fur!r ,errors ( ,or?odox ,sup]naturalism--,gulf betwe5 ,*ri/ianity & all o!r ,religions4 ,or?odoxy has err$1 z x w\ld seem1 9 plac+ too great a gulf betwe5 ,*ri/ianity & all o!r religions4 ,*ri/ianity is suffici5tly di/+ui%$ f all o!r religions by be+ reg>d$ z ! p]fect1 & !re=e univ]sal1 religion ( mank9d4 ,x is to all prec$+ religions :at man is to all previ\s races4 ,^! are sep>at$ f man by v>i\s indelible *>act]s2 yet !y are 8 fell[-creatures1 proce$+ f ! same creative m9d1 accord+ to "o creative plan4 ,s ! previ\s religions ( our race--,feti*ism1 ,brahmanism1 ,buddhism1 ! religion ( ,confucius1 ( ,zoroa/]1 ( ,egypt1 ( ,sc&9avia1 ( ,judea1 ( ,greece & ,rome--are di/+ui%$ f ,*ri/ianity by indelible *>act]s2 b !y1 too1 proce$$ f ! same creative m9d1 accord+ to "o creative plan4 ,*ri/ianity %\ld reg>d ^! humanely1 z its fell[-creatures4 ,! o!r animals prep>$ man's way on ! e>?1 & s9ce man's arrival we h se5 no subsequ5t creation4 ,s ! e?nic religions prep>$ ! way = ,*ri/ianity1 & s9ce ,*ri/ianity came no new religion has appe>$2 = ,mohamm$anism is only a mlange drawn f ! ,old & ,new ,te/am5ts1 & may !re=e be consid]$ z an outly+ ,*ri/ian sect4 ,s1 too1 ! gigantic ab/ractions ( ,gno/icism 7 hybrid sy/ems1 =m$ ( ! union betwe5 ,ori5tal ?\ght & ,*ri/ian life4 ,! analogy may be trac$ /ill f>!r4 ,man is ! only animal :o possesses ! :ole e>?4 ,e o!r race has its habitat 9 "s geographical c5tre1 f :i* x may emigrate1 inde$1 to "s ext5t1 b :]e only x ?rives4 ,to man1 only1 ! :ole e>? belongs4 ,s ! primitive religions are all e?nic2 t is1 religions ( races4 ,! religion ( ,confucius belongs to ,*9a1 t ( ,brahmanism to ,india1 t ( ,zoroa/] to ! ,p]sians2 ! religion ( ,egypt is only = ! ,egyptians4 ,exceptions to ?is law 7l t ( ,buddhism1 = example7 are only app>5t4 ,! rule is inv>iable4 ,*ri/ianity alone is a cosmic or univ]sal religion4 ,x only has pass$ ! b\nd>ies ( race1 s inflexible to all o!r religions4 ,born a ,semitic religion1 x soon took possession ( ! ,indo-,european races1 conv]t+ ,romans1 ,greeks1 ,teutons1 ,kelts1 & ,sclaves4 ,x f9ds ! ,african m9d docile to its influ5ce4 ,its mission>ies h made believ]s f among ! races ( ,am]ica1 ,india1 ,*9a1 & ! ,pacific ,isl&s4 ,x is evid5tly de/9$ to be ! religion ( humanity4 ,b1 if s1 :y %\ld x be put into antagonism ) ! religions :i* prec$$ x8 ,^! are also creations ( ,god1 n ! "w ( man4 ,!ologians h f\nd multitudes ( types ( ,*ri/ 9 ,jewi% books & ,jewi% hi/ory4 ,b !y might also f9d types ( ,*ri/ianity 9 ! s-call$ hea!n religions4 ,= z com+ ev5ts ca/ _! %ad[s be=e1 s com+ revelations are se5 be=eh& 9 %ad[y preludes & homologons4 ,! l(ty spiritualism ( ! ,brahmanical books1 ! moral devotion ( ! ,z5dave/a1 ! law ( ! s\l's progress 9 ,buddhism1--^! are all types ( :at 0 to appe> 9 a great] fulness & high] developm5t 9 ,*ri/ianity4 ,fir/ ! natural1 aft]w>ds t :i* is spiritual4 ,b ^! =egleams ( ,*ri/ian tru?1 irradiat+ ! night-side ( hi/ory1 are all t\*+ pro(s t ,god nev] leaves himself )\t a witness 9 ! _w or 9 human he>ts4 ,in/ead1 !re=e1 ( plac+ an impassable gulf betwe5 ,*ri/ianity & o!r human religions1 we %\ld consid] ^! are prep>ations & /epp+-/ones to some?+ high]4 ,nor w !y pass away until ,*ri/ianity has purifi$ itself f ! errors :i* /ill cl+ to x4 ,judaism 0 n to pass till x 0 fulfill$ 9 ,*ri/ianity2 & nei!r w ! o!r religions ( ! _w pass away till !y also are fulfill$ 9 ,*ri/ianity4 ,n[1 ! common tea*+ 9 our *ur*es & religi\s books & newspap]s t5ds to depreciate all natural religion 9 ! int]e/ ( reveal$ religion4 ,x is commonly said t ! light ( nature helps u a v little way 9 ! k ( ,god4 8,look at ! hea!n10 x is said2 8see _! religi\s ignorance1 _! awful sup]/itions1 _! degrad+ wor%ip ( idols1 & _! subjection to prie/craft4 ,?is is y\r boa/$ light ( nature1 & ^! are its results--! ,feti*ism ( ,africa1 ! devil-wor%ip ( ! ,nor? ,am]ican ,indians1 ! cannibalism ( ! ,feejee ,isl&s1 ! human sacrifices ( ,mexico & ( ! anci5t ,phnicia40 8,!n10 x is cont9u$1 8look at ! obs]vations ( ! wise/ intellects ap>t f revelation6 ,h[ little !y knew ) c]ta9ty6 ,_! views ( ! ,deity v>i$ f pan!ism to idolatry2 _! views ( immortality 7 :olly vague & indi/9ct2 _! ideas ( duty confus$ & false40 ,to :i* we might reply1 8,is n ! same ?+ true among ,*ri/ians8 ,are !re no sup]/itions among !m8 ,7 n wit*es hang$ & burn$ dur+ sixte5 c5turies 9 ,*ri/5dom8 ,if ! hea!n are ignorant1 :at multitudes 9 ,ca?olic c\ntries also d n read ! ,bible6 ,h[ _m are !re ev5 9 ,prote/ant *ur*es :o c give a reason = _! belief8 ,if ! hea!n wor%ip degrades mank9d because x is a sup]/ition1 ) fe> = its motive1 h[ l>ge a "p ( ,*ri/ian prea*+ consi/s also ( an appeal to t]ror6 ,is n ! fe> ( ev]la/+ torm5t 9 hell ! motive p[] ( mu* :i* is call$ ,*ri/ianity8 ,consid] ,ca?olics eat+ _! ,god3 is t ! wor%ip ( ! ,fa!r 9 _s & tru?8 ,?9k ( ! religi\s w>s1 ( ! religi\s p]secutions3 did natural religion ev] d any?+ z bad z ?is8 ,we cry out aga9/ ,n]o1 :o cov]$ ,*ri/ians ) pit*1 & burn$ !m z tor*es 9 ! amphi!atre4 ,b h[ _m 7 ?us tortur$8 ,p]haps t51 p]haps tw5ty1 or let u say a hundr$4 ,b1 accord+ to ,llor5te1 ! ,holy ,(fice ( ! ,inquisition1 9 ,spa91 burn$ alive1 "u ,torquemada1 #hhjj3 "u ,deza1 #affi2 "u ,xim5es1 #becf2 9 all1 f #adhc to #adih1--t is1 9 fifte5 ye>s1--x burn$ alive #ca1iab p]sons = h]esy1 & subject$ to rigor\s pa9s & p5alties #bia1dej p]sons40 ,x is n "r to judge ( any doctr9e by ! corrupt practices :i* h tak5 place "u x1 unless x c be %[n t ^! are its legitimate fruits4 ,we ma9ta9 t ,*ri/ianity is n fairly responsible = ^! p]secutions2 b let u make ! same all[ance = ! religions :i* prep>$ its way4 #aa4 ,*ri/ianity consid]$ unnatural1 z well z sup]natural by be+ made ho/ile to ! ,nature ( ,man4 ,if ! nature ( man be reg>d$ z :olly evil1 !n ,*ri/ianity is n m]ely a sup]natural religion1 b an unnatural "o4 ,?is has be5 v commonly taught4 ,man's nature has be5 decl>$ s totally corrupt & ali5 f all good1 z to be radically opposite to ! love ( ,god & man4 ,*ri/ianity1 !re=e1 comes1 n to help him atta9 t :i* he is seek+ aft]1 b to *ange 8 :ole purpose & aim--to give him a :olly new nature4 ,?is is ! result ( ! doctr9e ( total depravity1 s long taught 9 ! ,*ur* z ,or?odoxy4 ,x has taught t all natural t5d5cies & desires 9 man 7 :olly evil1 & to be root$ out4 ,x has ?us made ,*ri/ianity unattractive1 & has driv5 m5 away f x4 ,b ( ?is x is n necess>y to speak "h1 z we %all discuss ?is doctr9e & its influ5ce h]eaft]4 ,,*apt] ,,iv4 ,,tru?s ,,& ,,errors ,,z ,,reg>ds ,,miracles4 #a4 ,! ,subject /at$4 ,f\r ,que/ions conc]n+ ,miracles4 ,9 consid]+ ! tru? & error 9 ! ,or?odox doctr9e conc]n+ miracles1 we mu/1 fir/1 f9d out :at ?is doctr9e is2 secondly1 see :at objections h be5 urg$ aga9/ x2 & s1 la/ly1 we may come to "s conclusion z to :]e ! tru? or ! error lies4 ,!re are1 h[ev]1 f\r di/9ct que/ions 9 reg>d to miracles1 ea* ( :i* may be consid]$ sep>ately4 ,!re is ! philosophic "q1 or def9ition ( a miracle1 :i* asks1 ,:at is a miracle8 ,!n !re is ! hi/orical "q1 :i* asks1 ,did su* facts actually occur8 ,next is ! !ological "q1 ,:at are ! value & weight ( ^! facts 9 det]m9+ our ,*ri/ian belief8 ,& la/ly comes ! religi\s "q1 ,:at are ! spiritual mean+ ( miracles1 & _! influ5ce on ! he>t & life8 #b4 ,! ,def9ition ( a ,miracle4 ,z ! cre$s give no au?oritative def9ition ( a miracle1 we mu/ exam9e individual /atem5ts1 9 ord] to get ! ,or?odox idea4 ,to answ] ! "q1 ,:at is a miracle8 is n z easy z x w\ld seem1 z w appe> f consid]+ ! diff]5t def9itions giv5 by diff]5t au?orities1 tak+ fir/ ^? ( ! diction>y4 ,,johnson4 8,miracle4 ,a wond]--some?+ above human p[]4 7,9 !ology47 ,an effect above human or natural p[]1 p]=m$ 9 atte/ation ( "s tru?40 ,,web/]4 8,miracle4 7,9 !ology47 ,an ev5t or effect contr>y to ! e/abli%$ con/itution & c\rse ( ?+s1 or a deviation f ! kn[n laws ( nature2 a sup]natural ev5t40 ,,rob9son',s ,,bible ,,diction>y4 8,miracle4 ,a sign1 wond]1 prodigy4 ,^! t]ms are commonly us$ 9 ,scripture to d5ote an action1 ev5t1 or effect1 sup]ior 7or contr>y7 to ! g5]al & e/abli%$ laws ( nature4 ,& !y are giv51 n only to true miracles1 wr\ght by sa9ts or prophets s5t by ,god1 b also to ! false miracles ( impo/ors1 & to wond]s wr\ght by ! wick$1 by false prophets or by devils40 ,aft] giv+ examples ( ?is f ! ,scriptures1 ,rob9son adds1 8,miracles & prodigies1 !re=e1 are n always sure signs ( ! sanctity ( ^? :o p]=m !m1 nor pro(s ( ! tru? ( ! doctr9e !y deliv]1 nor c]ta9 te/imonies ( _! div9e mission40 ,,am]ican ,,encyclop,,dia4 ,miracle4 8,x is usually def9$ to be a deviation f ! c\rse ( nature4 ,b ?is def9ition seems to omit "o ( ! elem5ts ( a miracle1 viz41 t x is an ev5t produc$ by ! int]position ( an intellig5t p[] = moral purposes2 =1 o!rwise1 we mu/ consid] e /range ph5om5on1 :i* our k w n p]mit u to expla91 z a miracul\s ev5t4 ,a revelation is itself a miracle4 ,if "o claims to be a tea*] f ,god1 he ass]ts a miracul\s communication ) ,god2 ?is communication1 h[ev]1 _c be visible1 & visible miracles may !re=e be necess>y to give cr$ibility to 8 pret5sions4 ,! use1 !n1 ( a miracul\s int]position 9 *ang+ ! usual c\rse ( nature is to prove ! moral gov]nm5t ( ,god1 & to expla9 ! "* ( x40 ,,!odore ,,p>k]4 8,a miracle is "o ( ?ree ?+s4 8#a4 ,x is a transgression ( all law :i* ,god has made2 or1 8#b4 ,a transgression ( all kn[n laws1 or ob$i5ce to a law :i* we may yet discov]2 or1 8#c4 ,a transgression ( all law kn[n or kn[able by man1 b yet 9 con=mity ) "s law out ( our rea*40 ,he says t a miracle1 accord+ to ! fir/ def9ition1 is impossible2 accord+ to ! second x is no miracle at all2 b t !re is no antec$5t objection to a miracle accord+ to ! ?ird hypo!sis4 ,,pascal4 8,a miracle is an effect :i* exce$s ! natural =ce ( ! means employ$ to br+ x ab\t40 ,,hume4 8,a miracle is a violation ( a law ( nature40 ,,dr4 ,,?omas ,,br[n4 8,a miracle is z little contr>y to any law ( nature z any o!r ph5om5on4 ,x is only an extraord9>y ev5t1 ! result ( extraord9>y circum/ances2 an effect t indicates a p[] ( a high] ord] ?an ^? we are accu/om$ to trace 9 ph5om5a m famili> to u1 b ^: exi/5ce only ! a!i/ d5ies4 ,x is a new consequ5t ( a new antec$5t40 ,,horne',s ,,introduction ,,to ,,! ,,new ,,te/am5t4 8,a miracle def9$ is an effect or ev5t diff]5t f ! e/abli%$ con/itution or c\rse ( ?+s1 or a sign obvi\s to ! s5ses t ,god has int]pos$ ?is p[] to control ! e/abli%$ p[]s ( nature 7commonly t]m$ ! laws ( nature71 :i* effect or sign is wr\ght ei!r by ! imm$iate act1 or by ! assi/ance1 or by ! p]mission1 ( ,god1 & accompani$ ) a previ\s notice or decl>ation t x is p]=m$ accord+ to ! purpose & by ! p[] ( ,god1 = ! pro( or evid5ce ( "s p>ticul> doctr9e1 or 9 atte/ation ( ! au?ority or div9e mission ( "s p>ticul> p]son40--,vol4 ,i4 p4 #bjc4 8,s9ce1 z we already h _h occasion to obs]ve1 ! prop] effect ( a miracle is cle>ly to m>k ! div9e int]position1 x mu/ !re=e h *>act]s prop] to indicate su* int]position2 & ^! crit]ia are six 9 numb]4 8#a4 ,x is requir$1 !n1 9 ! fir/ place1 t a fact or ev5t :i* is /at$ to be miracul\s %\ld h an important end1 wor?y ( its au?or4 8#b4 ,x mu/ be in/antane\sly & publicly p]=m$4 8#c4 ,x mu/ be s5sible 7t is1 obvi\s to ! s5ses7 & easy to be obs]v$2 9 o!r words1 ! fact or ev5t mu/ be su* t ! s5ses ( mank9d c cle>ly & fully judge ( x4 8#d4 ,x mu/ be indep5d5t ( second causes4 8#e4 ,n only public monum5ts mu/ be kept up1 b "s outw>d actions mu/ be con/antly p]=m$ 9 memory ( ! fact ?us publicly wr\ght4 8#f4 ,& su* monum5ts mu/ be set up1 & su* actions & obs]vances be in/itut$1 at ! v "t :5 ^? ev5ts took place1 & aft]w>ds be cont9u$ )\t int]ruption40--,vol4 ,i4 p4 #bad & #bae4 ,f ^! examples we may see :at diff]5t def9itions h be5 giv5 ( miracles1 & t ! def9ition is n s easy a ?+ z "o might at fir/ suppose4 ,all dep5ds on ! po9t ( view :i* we take4 ,if we look only at ! outw>d fact1 a miracle is a wond]ful ev5t1 a port5t1 some?+ out ( ! common c\rse ( nature1 & unp>allel$ 9 common human exp]i5ce4 ,b if we look at x z reg>ds ! "* ( him :o works ! miracle1 x !n becomes a sup]natural "w1 or a pret]natural "w1 hav+ a div9e or a demoniac orig94 ,b1 on ! :ole1 ! ,or?odox doctr9e ( a miracle seems to be ?is--t x is a wond]ful "w1 contr>y to ! laws ( nature1 wr\ght by ! direct ag5cy ( ,god1 9 pro( ( ! div9e commission ( him by :om x is done4 ,! two ess5tial po9ts ( ! def9ition are1 t a miracle is contr>y to ! laws ( nature2 & t x is ! only logical pro( ( ! div9e au?ority ( ! miracle-work]4 ,we call ?is ! or?odox def9ition1 al?\gh we mu/ admit t no "o 9 mod]n times has pres5t$ ?is view m =cibly & decid$ly ?an ! ,unit>ian ,&rews ,norton1 & ?\gh _m ,or?odox m5 h tak5 a diff]5t view4 #c4 ,! diff]5t ,explanations ( ! ,miracles ( ! ,bible4 ,! f\r explanations ( ! miracles ( ! ,new ,te/am5t 7to :i* we n[ conf9e ourselves7 are ^!3-- ,i4 ,! ,natural ,explanation4--,accord+ to ?is1 ! miracul\s facts ( ! ,new ,te/am5t are to be expla9$ z result+ f natural causes4 ,!y are on ! plane ( our common human life4 ,!y are su* ev5ts z might easily happ5 any:]e at ! pres5t "t4 ,*ri/ himself 0 b a natural g5ius ( a high ord]4 ,8 miracles 7 m]ely ! natural results ( 8 intellect & /r5g? ( w1 or !y 7 mi/akes on ! "p ( ! obs]v]s & n>rators1 or my?s :i* h gr[n up subsequ5tly 9 ! ,*ur*4 ,great +5uity has be5 us$ 9 attempt+ to %[ h[ ea* miracle may be expla9$ s z to be no?+ v extraord9>y1 aft] all4 ,b ^! explanations are (t5 v =c$4 ,"s ev5ts :i* are at fir/ sight seem+ly miracul\s1 are (t5 expla9$ z natural ev5ts by ! majority ( comm5tators4 ,?us ! acc\nt ( ! angel :o w5t d[n into ! pool & tr\bl$ ! wat] is usually int]pret$ z a natural ph5om5on1 & no real miracle4 ,mod]n travell]s h notic$ t ?is pool ( ,be!sda is an int]mitt5t spr+1 :i* may h possess$ m$ic9al qualities4 ,! old-fa%ion$ naturalism1 h[ev]1 has mo/ly gone by4 ,its explanations 7 too =c$ & unnatural to cont9ue long4 ,! m common acc\nt at pres5t is t :i* assumes t ! n>rators 7 mi/ak5 9 ! /ories :i* !y h giv5 u4 ,mr4 ,p>k] ?9ks t !re is n suffici5t evid5ce ( ! miracles4 ,if !re 7 m he w\ld believe !m4 ,he gives no explanation ( _! orig9 f>!r ?an ?is4 ,b ,/rauss attempts an explanation bas$ ^u an unconsci\s action ( ! fancy & feel+s on ! "p ( ! ,new ,te/am5t writ]s1 caus+ !m to create ^! incid5ts out ( "s trifl+ basis ( fact or ( hi/ory4 ,r5an foll[s 9 ! same g5]al direction4 ,,ii4 ,! ,unnatural ,explanation4--,a miracle is a violation or a susp5sion ( a law ( nature4 ,?is1 until rec5tly1 has be5 ! favorite view ( miracles among !ologians1 & is ! view ( miracles aga9/ :i* ! argum5ts ( ^? :o reject !m h be5 *iefly direct$4 ,! argum5ts 9 favor ( ?is view are ^!3-- #a4 ,! miracles ( ! ,new ,te/am5t seem to be violations ( laws ( nature4 ,= example3 ! turn+ wat] into w9e2 heal+ by a ^w or t\*2 /ill+ ! tempe/2 fe$+ five ?\s&2 walk+ on ! sea2 transfiguration2 rais+ ( ,laz>us2 ,*ri/'s own resurrection4 ,! law ( gravitation seems to h be5 susp5d$ :5 he walk$ on ! sea1 c4 #b4 ,miracles are appeal$ to by ,*ri/ & 8 apo/les 9 pro( t ,god 0 ) him4 ,b1 unless ^! miracles _h susp5d$ ! laws ( nature1 !y w\ld n be pro(s ( ?is4 ,^! are ! two pr9cipal reasons = ?is view ( miracles4 ,objections4--,on ! o!r h&1 x is object$1-- #a4 ,t app>5t violations may n be real violations ( ! laws ( nature4 ,examples3 ,! ,arab emir 9 8,! ,talisman0 :o 0 told t wat] sometimes became solid1 s z to support a man on horseback2 a /eamboat sail+ aga9/ w9d & curr5t2 ! telegraph2 ! dagu]rotype4 ,9 all su* cases ! laws ( nature are n violat$ or susp5d$1 b new p[]s come 94 #b4 ,*ri/ appeals to ! moral "* ( 8 miracles1 & n m]ely to _! sup]natural "*4 ,!y are miracles ( b5evol5ce4 #c4 ,if ! pro( ( ,*ri/'s mission dep5ds on ?is view ( miracles1 x c nev] be prov$4 ,we c nev] be sure t ! ev5t is a violation ( a law ( nature4 #d4 ,on ?is view ! sceptic's objections to miracles are unansw]able4 ,s says ,dr4 ,?omas ,br[n1 9 an article repr9t$ by ,dr4 ,noyes1 ( ,cambridge1 9 ! 8,!ological ,essays0 publi%$ by ! ,am]ican ,unit>ian ,association4 ,he admits ! pr9ciple ( ,hume's ,essay on ,miracles1 b says t 8 error lies 9 ! false def9ition ( ! miracle z a violation ( ! laws ( nature4 ,false1 because1-- 7a47 ,on ! pr9ciple ( cont9u$ uni=mity ( sequ5ce our :ole belief ( causation1 & consequ5tly ( ! div9e ,be+1 is f\nd$4 7b47 ,gives an air ( inconsi/5cy1 & almo/ ( absurdity1 to a miracle4 7c47 ,laws ( nature are n violat$ :5 a new antec$5t is foll[$ by a new consequ5t1 b :51 ! antec$5t be+ exactly ! same1 a diff]5t consequ5t is ! result4 7d47 ,no te/imony c\ld prove su* a miracle4 ,suppose te/imony s /rong t its falsehood w\ld be an absolute miracle2 !n we %\ld h to believe1 9 ei!r case1 t a law ( nature has be5 violat$4 ,no gr\nd ( pref]5ce betwe5 !m4 #e4 ,a miracle may be sup]natural1 or above nature1 )\t be+ unnatural1 or aga9/ nature4 #f4 ,! greate/ *ur* tea*]s h ma9ta9$ t miracles 7 n aga9/ law or )\t law1 b above common law4 ,hahn1 aft] m5tion+ ! view ( a miracle z a susp5sion ( law1 & call+ x "o nei!r scriptural nor conceivable1 proce$s to quote ,augu/9e & o!r writ]s1 :o held t miracles 7 by no means oppos$ to law47#i7 ,,iii4 ,! ,pret]natural ,view ( ,miracles4--,?is view admits ! reality ( ! ph5om5a1 b expla9s !m z result+ f my/]i\s =ces1 :i* are nei!r div9e on ! "o h&1 nor human on ! o!r1 b :i* are outside ( nature4 ,?is is ! demoniacal view1 or t :i* supposes t evil spirits1 dep>t$ s\ls1 or spirits nei!r good nor bad1 surr\nd ! e>?1 & c be rea*$ by magic1 wit*craft1 sorc]y1 magnetism1 or :at is n[ call$ ,spiritualism4 ,?is !ory supposes t ! works ( ,jesus 7 p]=m$ by ! aid ( spiritual be+s4 ,! objections to ?is view are1-- #a4 ,if x is suppos$1 z x 0 by ! ,jews1 t ,jesus _h ! aid ( evil spirits1 ! suffici5t answ] is1 t 8 works 7 good works4 #b4 ,if x is argu$ t he p]=m$ 8 miracles by ! aid ( dep>t$ spirits :o 7 good spirits1 ! answ] is1 t he himself nev] took ?is view1 b always decl>$1 8,my ,fa!r1 :o dwelle? 9 me1 he doe? ! works40 ,moreov]1 ! :ole "* ( ! miracles ( ,jesus diff]s n only f ev]y?+ ev] done by magnetism or spiritualism1 b f ev]y?+ ev] claim$ to be done4 ,,iv4 ,! ,sup]natural ,view ( ,miracles4--,?is view ass]ts t ! miracles 7 p]=m$ by high] =ces1 :i* came into ?is _w f a high] _w ?an ?is4 ,x ass]ts t besides ! =ces :i* are at "w regul>ly 9 ! _w1 !re are o!r =ces outside ( ! _w1 :i* may f "t to "t come into x4 ,we call !m high] =ces n only because !y are m p[]ful ?an ! =ces be=e at "w 9 ! _w1 by ov]com+ :i* !y produce ! extraord9>y outw>d ph5om5a1 b because !y always t5d to elevate ! _w ne>] to ,god4 ,!y are ?us prov$ to come f a _w :i* is ne>] to ,god ?an ?is4 ,! reasons 9 support ( ?is view are1 z be=e sugge/$4-- #a4 ,geology tea*es x4 ,! rocks %[ n only an orig9al creation ( ! _w1 b successive creations ( vegetable & animal life4 #b4 ,! creation ( ! _w tea*es x4 ,creation 0 a miracle 9 ?is s5se ( ! ^w4 #c4 ,!re seems to be 9 ! con/itution ( man a faculty provid$ = recogniz+ ! sup]natural elem5t4 ,phr5ologi/s call x ! organ ( m>vell\sness4 ,su* a faculty w\ld argue ! exi/5ce ( an appropriate object on :i* x might be ex]cis$4 #d4 ,! :ole life & "* ( ,jesus 7 sup]natural & miracul\s 9 ?is s5se4 ,!y _c be satisfactorily expla9$ z ! result ( any?+ exi/+ 9 ! _w be=e4 #d4 ,criticism on ^! ,diff]5t ,views ( ,miracles4 ,9 attempt+ to discov] ! tru?s & errors conta9$ 9 ^! /atem5ts x is a great satisfaction to feel t our fai? 9 ,*ri/ & ,*ri/ianity is n dep5d+ on !m4 ,if we believ$ ) ^? :o consid] miracles ! only or ! pr9cipal pro( ( ,*ri/ianity1 we c\ld h>dly hope to be c&id & j 9 exam9+ ! argum5ts ( ^? :o d5y ! m>vell\s facts ( ! ,new ,te/am5t4 ,!re is no d\bt t ! numb] ( religi\s & ,*ri/ian m5 :o h rel9qui%$ all belief 9 ! m>vell\s "p ( ! ,bible has l>gely increas$ )9 a few ye>s4 ,at ! pres5t "t !re is a /rong t5d5cy to disbelieve & d5y all miracles z incr$ible & impossible4 ,r5an1 9 8 8,life ( ,jesus10 says1 8,miracles nev] happ5 except among p dispos$ to believe !m4 ,we bani% miracles f hi/ory 9 ! "n ( a con/ant exp]i5ce4 ,no miracle has1 z yet1 be5 prov$40 ,r5an adds1 t 8if a commission ( m5 ( sci5ce %\ld decide t a man _h be5 rais$ f ! dead he w\ld believe x40 8,till !n10 he says1 8x is ! duty ( ! hi/orian n to admit a sup]natural fact1 b to f9d1 if he c1 :at "p cr$ulity & imposition h _h 9 x40 ,accord+ly1 ,r5an writes 8 8,life ( ,jesus0 9 ?is s5se1 disc>d+ mo/ ( ! miracles1 or expla9+ !m away1 & try+ to put toge!r into "s k9d ( %ape ! fragm5ts :i* rema94 ,b ,r5an does n g f> en\gh to satisfy "s o!rs4 ,g]ritt ,smi?1 = example1 9 a rec5t lecture :i* he has publi%$1 call$ 8,be ,natural10 says1 8,jesus nei!r p]=m$ nor attempt$ to p]=m miracles4 ,8 wisdom & s9c]ity =bid ! supposition4 ,am ,i an unbeliev] 9 ! hi/orical ,jesus because ,i hold him innoc5t ( ! absurdities :i* sup]/ition & folly tax him )8 ,no m ?an ,i %\ld disbelieve 9 ,%akespe>e1 by d5y+ t he walk$ on ! ,avon1 or *ang$ its wat]s into w9e4 ,m4 ,r5an ought to h made no acc\nt ( ^! /ories ( miracles4 ,he %\ld h dropp$ !m entirely1 z did ,rammohun ,roy 9 8 ,h9doo translation ( ! ,new ,te/am5t4 ,let ! cr$ul\s fe$ on ^! creations ( sup]/ition1 b let m5 ( s5se turn away f !m40 ,! reason :y s _m intellig5t m5 f9d x impossible to believe ! miracles ( ! ,new ,te/am5t1 :ile !y f9d x v easy to believe ! religi\s & moral tea*+ ( ,jesus is p>tly due to ! _s ( ! age4 ,! intellect ( ?is age is m & m sci5tific4 ,n[1 sci5ce is ! k ( facts & laws4 ,a miracle is oppos$ to all usual obs]vation ( facts1 & is (t5 call$ by !ologians a violation ( ! laws ( nature4 ,x is n !re=e /range t m5 imbu$ ) ! _s ( sci5ce %\ld dislike ! notion ( miracles4 #e4 ,miracles no ,pro( ( ,*ri/ianity4 ,n[1 we %\ld h little objection1 on purely !ological gr\nds1 to give up ! miracles ( ! ,new ,te/am5t4 ,!ologians h built up ! pro( ( ,*ri/ianity on miracles4 ,!y h decl>$ !m ! *ief evid5ce ( ,*ri/ianity4 ,!y h said1 8,a miracle is a violation ( a law ( nature4 ,n[1 no "o b ,god c violate a law ( nature4 ,if ,jesus violat$ a law ( nature1 x prov$ t ,god 0 ) him4 ,b t he did s we "k f ! ,new ,te/am5t4 ,t x tells ! tru? we "k1 because x 0 writt51 by eye-witnesses1 :o c\ld n h be5 mi/ak51 because !y saw ! miracles ) _! own eyes1 & 7 n li>s1 because !y laid d[n _! lives 9 te/imony ( ! tru? ( :at !y ass]t$40 ,!re=e1 x is argu$1 8,*ri/ work$ miracles2 !re=e he _h ,god's help & p[]2 !re=e he has ,god's au?ority to tea* ! religion ( ! ,new ,te/am5t40 ,n[1 = ^? :o hold ?is view ( ,*ri/ianity1 if !y r5\nce miracles1 x is evid5t t ! f\ndation ( fai? is gone4 ,no wond]1 !re=e1 t !y bitt]ly oppose all attacks ( miracles4 ,9 def5d+ miracles1 !y are fight+ = _! lives4 ,b we ne$ n hold ?is view ( ! f\ndation ( ,*ri/ianity4 ,*ri/ianity does n re/ necess>ily on ! physical miracles ( ,*ri/1 b on 8 moral miracles1 :i* no "o has ev] d\bt$1 or c d\bt4 ,*ri/ianity proce$$ f ,jesus1 & 0 transmitt$ by him1 n z a philosophy1 b z a p[]1 a life1 :i* r5ew$ ! old _w1 & creat$ a new disp5sation4 ,?is is ! great miracle4 ,we d n really believe ,*ri/ianity on ! gr\nd ( miracles1 b we believe miracles on ! gr\nd ( ,*ri/ianity4 ,let u expla9 ?is4 ,if miracles _h be5 ass]t$ to be wr\ght by ,god 9 ord] to prove ! tru? ( a doctr9e irrational1 self-contradictory1 odi\s to ! consci5ce & to ! he>t1--to prove1 = example1 ! ju/ice ( ! ,spani% ,inquisition1 ! lawfulness ( slav]y1 or t ,god loves "s ( 8 *ildr5 & hates ! re/1--!n all ! outw>d evid5ce 9 ! _w w\ld n h conv9c$ u t ,god _h taught su* a doctr9e & confirm$ x by miracles4 ,if we _h se5 ) our own eyes a dead man rais$ to life1 or if ,m4 ,r5an's committee ( sci5tific m5 _h te/ifi$ t !y _h se5 x1 we %\ld ei!r say !y 7 deceiv$1 or we %\ld say1 ) ! ,jews1 8,x is done by "s devili% p[]1 n by a div9e p[]4 ,x is n sup]natural1 x is pret]natural40 ,b ,*ri/ianity itself is ! great miracle ( human hi/ory4 ,x is m m>vell\s ?an rais+ a dead man1 = x 0 ! resurrection ( a dead _w--( a dead humanity4 ,read ,gibbon4 ,he is an infidel writ]1 b he is a p]fect hi/orian4 ,he %[s y ,*ri/ianity1 z a liv+ =ce1 com+ into hi/ory1 p\r+ a tide ( life into ! decay+ civilization ( ,rome1 ov]fl[+ ^u ! ,g]man tribes1 & *ang+ _! :ole "*1 s z to make out ( ^? savage w>riors m]ciful & rev]5tial soldi]s1 :o knew h[ to p>don & h[ to sp>e4 ,n[1 !re seems some?+ q z sup]natural 9 ?is z 9 ! com+ ( new trees & plants into ! _w 9 ! c>bonif]\s epo*1 or ! com+ 9 ( mammalia1 a hundr$ ?\s& ye>s or s aft]4 ,x seems z if ,god came ne> ! _w1 & t\*$ x 9 ,jesus ,*ri/2 = ! p[] ( "o man 0 :olly inadequate to su* results z foll[$ 8 com+4 ,i believe ,*ri/ianity a div9e religion1 a religion f ,god1 because x lifts ! s\l ne>] to ,god--because x has lift$ mank9d ne>] to ,god1 & enabl$ m5 to believe ,god a fri5d--n a tyrant1 n a /]n k+--b a fa!r4 ,*ri/ianity is div9e1 because its tru? & love are div9e--because x purifies1 consoles1 & elevates human he>ts2 because ! life ( ,jesus is1 by ! te/imony ( su* m5 z ,!odore ,p>k]1 ,r\sseau1 & ,r5an1 inf9itely sup]ior to all o!r lives ev] liv$ 9 ?is _w4 ,n[1 believ+ 9 ,*ri/ianity & ,*ri/ on su* gr\nds1 we may look ) mu* m def]5ce & respect ^u ! /ories ( miracles :i* are int]tw9$ 9 8 life4 ,we %\ld n att5d to !m at all if we f\nd !m told ab\t only common m52 b told ab\t ,jesus1 we are l$ to exam9e !m m critically1 & ask :e!r x is1 or is n1 possible = !m to h be51 9 ! ma91 real facts4 ,! ,or?odox doctr9e has be51 & /ill is1 t ,*ri/ianity re/s on miracles4 ,our view is1 t miracles re/ on ,*ri/ianity4 ,b we close ?is section ) extracts f ,lu!r1 ,*ann+1 ,tr5*1 & ,walk]1 to %[ t ! view = :i* we cont5d is n )\t able support]s 9 all p>ts ( ! ,*ur*4 ,m>t9 ,lu!r says1-- 8,p cry x up z a great miracle1 t ,*ri/ made ! bl9d see1 ! deaf he>1 & ! lep]s clean2 & x is true su* works are miracul\s signs2 b ,*ri/ reg>ds 8 influ5ce on ! s\l z f> m important ?an t on ! body2 = z ! s\l excels ! body1 s d ! miracles wr\ght on ! =m] excel ^? wr\ght on ! latt]4444 8,! miracles :i* ,*ri/ wr\ght on ! body are small & almo/ *ildi%1 comp>$ ) ! high & true miracles :i* he con/antly p]=ms 9 ! ,*ri/ian _w by 8 div9e1 almighty p[]2 = in/ance1 t ,*ri/ianity is pres]v$ on ! e>?2 t ! ^w ( ,god & fai? 9 him c yet hold out2 yea1 t a ,*ri/ian c survive on e>? aga9/ ! devil & all 8 angels2 also aga9/ s _m tyrants & factions2 yea1 aga9/ our own fle% & blood4 ,! fact t ! gospel rema9s & improves ! human he>t1--?is is inde$ to ca/ out ! devil1 & tread on s]p5ts1 & speak ) tongues2 = ^? visible miracles 7 m]ely signs = ! ignorant1 unbeliev+ cr[d1 & = ^? :o 7 yet to be br\ght 92 b = u1 :o "k & believe1 :at ne$ is !re ( !m8 ,= ! hea!n1 inde$1 ,*ri/ mu/ ne$s give ext]nal signs1 :i* !y c\ld see & take hold (2 b ,*ri/ians mu/ ne$s h f> high] signs1 comp>$ ) :i* ! =m] are e>?ly4 ,x 0 necess>y to br+ ov] ! ignorant ) ext]nal miracles1 & to ?r[ out su* apples & pe>s to !m z *ildr52 b we1 on ! contr>y1 %\ld boa/ ( ! great miracles :i* ,*ri/ daily p]=ms 9 8 *ur*40 ,9 ! 8,*ri/ian ,exam9]10 ,dr4 ,james ,walk] says1-- 8,*ri/ianity embodies a collection ( moral & vital tru?s1 & ^! tru?s1 ap>t f all hi/ory or philosophy1 con/itute ,*ri/ianity itself4 ,in/ead1 !re=e1 ( p]plex+ & conf\nd+ ! "y ) :at are call$ ! evid5ces ( ,*ri/ianity1 give !m ,*ri/ianity itself4 ,beg9 by giv+ !m ,*ri/ianity itself1 z exhibit$ 9 ! life & "* ( ! ,"l ,jesus1 z illu/rat$ by 8 simple1 beautiful & t\*+ p>ables1 & z x brea!s ?r\gh all 8 disc\rses4 ,!y w feel x to be true4 ,dep5d ^u x1 p>adoxical z x may s\nd1 *ildr5 w be mu* m likely to believe ,*ri/ianity )\t :at are call$ ! evid5ces1 ?an ) !m2 & ! rem>k applies to "s :o are n *ildr54 8,:y talk to "o ab\t ! argum5t f prophecy1 or ! argum5t f miracles1 :5 ^! are ! v po9ts1 & ! only po9ts1 on :i* 8 m9d1 f "s peculi>ity 9 its orig9al con/itution1 or f limit$ in=mation1 *iefly labors4 ,give him ,*ri/ianity itself1 by :i* we mean ! body ( moral & vital tru?s :i* con/itute ,*ri/ianity4 ,obs]ve x :5 y w1 y w f9d t ! d\bts & difficulties sugge/$ by *ildr5 relate almo/ exclusively to ! hi/ory ( ,*ri/ianity1 or to :at are call$ ! ext]nal evid5ces ( ,*ri/ianity1 & n to ! tru? ( ,*ri/ianity itself4 ,give !m ,*ri/ianity itself3 = if !y believe 9 t1 x is en\gh4 ,no?+ c be m injudici\s ?an to p]si/ 9 urg+ ! argum5t f miracles on a m9d1 t1 f any cause1 has ?us become indiff]5t1 & p]haps impati5t ( x4 ,h[ idle to ?9k to conv9ce a p]son ( ,*ri/ianity by miracles1 :5 x is ^! v miracles1 & n ,*ri/ianity1 t he d\bts6 ,! in/ances1 we suspect1 are n r>e1 ev5 ( adults1 :o are fir/ conv]t$ to ,*ri/ianity itself1 & aft]w>ds1 ?r\gh ! moral & spiritual *ange :i* ,*ri/ianity induces1 are br\ght to believe entirely & dev\tly 9 its miracul\s orig9 & hi/ory40 ,dr4 ,*ann+ says1-- 8,!re is ano!r evid5ce ( ,*ri/ianity /ill m int]nal ?an any on :i* ,i h yet dwelt2 an evid5ce to be felt r ?an describ$1 b n less real because f\nd$ on feel+4 ,i ref] to t conviction ( ! div9e orig9al ( our religion :i* spr+s up & cont9ually ga9s /r5g? 9 ^? :o apply x habitually to _! temp]s & lives1 & :o imbibe its _s & hopes4 ,9 su* m5 !re is a consci\sness ( ! adaptation ( ,*ri/ianity to _! noble/ faculties2 a consci\sness ( its exalt+ & consol+ influ5ces1 ( its p[] to conf] ! true happ9ess ( human nature1 to give t peace :i* ! _w _c give2 :i* assures !m t x is n ( e>?ly orig91 b a ray f ! ev]la/+ ,light1 a /ream f ! f\nta9 ( heav5ly ,wisdom & ,love4 ,?is is ! evid5ce :i* su/a9s ! fai? ( ?\s&s1 :o nev] read & _c und]/& ! le>n$ books ( ,*ri/ian apologi/s1 :o want1 p]haps1 words to expla9 ! gr\nd ( _! belief1 b ^: fai? is ( adamant9e firmness1 :o hold ! gospel ) a conviction m intimate & unwav]+ ?an m]e argum5ts ev] produc$40 ,& "h is an extract f ano!r writ]3-- 8,d\btless ,*ri/'s spiritual glory is 9 itself z di/+ui%+1 & z pla9ly %[+ 8 div9ity1 z 8 outw>d glory1 & a great deal m2 = 8 spiritual glory is t :]e9 8 div9ity consi/s1 & ! outw>d glory ( 8 transfiguration %[$ him to be div9e only z x 0 a rem>kable image or repres5tation ( t spiritual glory4 ,d\btless1 !re=e1 he t has _h a cle> sight ( ! spiritual glory ( ,*ri/ may say1 #8,i h n foll[$ cunn+ly devis$ fables1 b h be5 an eye-witness ( 8 maje/y1' ^u z good gr\nds z ! apo/le1 :5 he _h respect to ! outw>d glory ( ,*ri/ t he _h se54 ,a true s5se ( ! div9e excell5cy ( ! ?+s ( ,god's ,^w do? m directly & imm$iately conv9ce ( ! tru? ( !m2 & t because ! excell5cy ( ^! ?+s is s sup]lative4 ,!re is a beauty 9 !m t is s div9e & godlike1 t is greatly & evid5tly di/+ui%+ ( !m f ?+s m]ely human1 or t m5 are ! au?ors & inv5tors (1--a glory t is s high & great1 t :5 cle>ly se51 comm&s ass5t to _! div9ity & reality4 ,! evid5ce :i* !y :o are spiritually enlight5$ h ( ! tru? ( ! ?+s ( religion1 is a k9d ( intuition & imm$iate evid5ce4 ,!y believe ! doctr9es ( ,god's ,^w to be div9e1 because !y see div9ity 9 !m4 ,t is1 !y see a div9e1 & transc5d5t1 & mo/ evid5tly di/+ui%+ glory 9 !m2 su* a glory z1 if cle>ly se51 does n leave room to d\bt ( _! be+ ( ,god1 & n ( m540 ,tr5*1 also1 d5ies t ! miracle c h absolute au?ority1 s9ce ,satanic p[]s may "w evil too4 ,?is conv9ces u1 he says1 t miracles _c be appeal$ to 9 pro( ( ! doctr9e or ( ! div9e mission ( him :o br+s x to pass4 ,! doctr9e mu/ fir/ comm5d itself to ! consci5ce z be+ good2 !n ! miracle %[s x to be a new ^w f ,god4 ,b :5 ! m9d & consci5ce reject ! doctr9e1 ! miracle mu/ be reject$ too4 ,! great act ( fai? is to believe1 9 despite ( all miracles1 :at ,god has reveal$ to ! s\l ( ! holy & ! true2 n to believe ano!r gospel1 ?\gh an angel f heav5 %\ld br+ x4 ,in/ead ( compell+ ass5t1 miracles are !n r w>n+s to u t we keep alo(2 = !y tell u n m]ely t lies are "h1 b t he :o utt]s !m is an in/rum5t ( ,satan4 ,false miracles1 or ly+ wond]s1 are di/+ui%$ f ! true1 n by ! intellect1 b by ! moral s5se1 :i* f9ds 9 !m some?+ immoral1 or o/5tati\s1 or futile1 lead+ to no?+4 ,orig5 says ! miracles ( ,moses issu$ 9 a ,jewi% polity2 ^? ( our ,"l 9 a ,*ri/ian ,*ur*4 ,b :at fruits h ! miracles ( ,apollonius or sculapius to %[8 ,! miracles ( ,*ri/ are r$emptive4 ,mod]n writ]s ( evid5ces make a dang]\s omission :5 !y fail to say t ! doctr9e is to try ! miracle1 z well z ! miracle to seal ! doctr9e4 ,to tea* m5 to believe 9 ,*ri/ on no o!r gr\nds ?an 8 wond]ful works is to pave ! way ( ,anti*ri/4 ,^? books ( ,*ri/ian evid5ces are utt]ly maim$ & imp]fect1 fraught ) ! mo/ p]il\s consequ5ces1 :i* rev]5ce 9 ! miracle only its p[]47#aj7 #f4 ,b ,or?odoxy is "r 9 ma9ta9+ _! ,reality z ,hi/oric ,facts4 ,! fir/ ?+ we notice ab\t ! miracles ( ,jesus is1 t !y are int]tw9$ inextricably ) ! :ole n>rative4 ,x is almo/ impossible to dis5tangle !m1 & to leave any solid hi/oric residuum4 ,!re is a /ory 9 ,goe! ( a /atue ( iron & silv]1 ) ve9s ( gold4 ,! flames lick$ out ! gold ve9s ( ! colossus1 & x rema9$ /&+ a little :ile2 b :5 at la/ ! t5d]e/ filam5ts _h be5 lick$ out1 ! image cra%$ toge!r1 & fell 9 a %apeless1 mis]able heap4 ,s :5 ! tongue ( criticism %all h eat5 out ! sup]natural elem5ts ( ! gospel n>rative1 ! h]oic figure w fall1 z x has already 9 ,r5an's con/ruction1 into an amorph\s mass ( unhi/oric rubbi%4 ,!n we see t mo/ ( ^! miracles are miracles ( heal+1 :i* h _! analogues 9 _m simil> ev5ts scatt]$ ?r\gh hi/ory4 ,_m su* facts might be collect$ to %[ t !re is 9 man a lat5t p[] ( ov]com+ disease1 9 himself & o!rs1 by a great ex]tion ( w4 ,if 9 common m5 !re is su* a p[]1 lat5t1 & z yet undevelop$1 :y %\ld x be an unnatural ?+ t "o s full ( a sup]human life z ,jesus %\ld be rais$ to a position :]e1 by 8 v ^w or t\*1 he c\ld cure disease1 & t ev5 at a di/ance8 ,we see su* wond]ful discov]ies made e day ( lat5t p[]s 9 nature1 & secrets hidd5 till n[ f all m51 t we d n "k :]e to put limits to ! possibility ( ! wond]ful4 ,to g into a telegraphic (fice 9 ,bo/on1 & speak to a man 9 ,new ,york or ,wa%+ton1 & h an answ] 9 five m9utes2 to h y\r portrait pa9t$ 9 a mom5t by ! rays ( ! sun1--su* ?+s z ^! w\ld h seem$ miracles to u a few ye>s ago4 ,to be able to tell :at metals !re are 9 ! sun's atmosph]e1 & :at n !re2 to say1 8,9 ! atmosph]e ( ! sun !re is silv]1 b n gold2 !re are iron1 & antimony1 & lead1 & alum9um1 b no copp] nor z9c10--does n ?is seem incr$ible8 ,b we "k t we c n[ tell j t4 ,:5 we read ! ,gospels1 we f9d ev]y?+ 9 !m s simple1 s unpret5d+1 s little ( an attempt at mak+ out a consi/5t /ory1 su* a h>mony 9 ! "* ( ! works attribut$ to ,jesus 7) "o or two exceptions71 t we are irresi/ibly incl9$ to say1 8,^! /ories mu/ be simple facts4 ,delusion nev] spoke 9 ?is tone1--s cle>1 s lum9\s1--9 language s hone/ & s9c]e40 ,i d n d5y t "s mi/akes or misappreh5sions may h crept into ! records4 ,occasionally we c see signs ( some?+ be+ mi/ak5 = a miracle :i* 0 really n "o4 ,= example1 ! f9d+ ( a piece ( money 9 ! fi%'s m\? may h be5 ! mi/ake ( a prov]bial expression1 common among fi%]m51 & us$ by ,mat!w 9 8 orig9al ,hebrew ,gospel1 b :i* ! ,greek translator1 ignorant ( ! popul> phrase1 consid]$ to be meant = a miracle4 ,! mo/ natural supposition is1 t a wond]ful p[] dwelt 9 ,jesus1 :i* enabl$ him to heal ! sick1 cure ! insane1 & sometimes ev5 br+ back life to ! dead4 ,:at d we "k ab\t dea?8 ,! la/ brea? has be5 drawn4 ,! he>t has ceas$ to beat1 ! lungs to move4 ,we say1 8,he is dead40 ,b p h la9 two or ?ree days 9 ?is /ate1 decl>$ dead by ! physicians1 & !n h come to life aga9 by natural causes4 ,a dr[n$ man has all ! m>ks ( dea?2 b aft] ly+ 9 ?is /ate half an h\r1 he is br\ght to life aga94 ,:at1 !n1 might n h be5 done by t sup]natural p[] ( life :i*1 z hi/ory %[s1 dwelt 9 ,jesus ( ,naz>e?8 #g4 ,analogy ) o!r ,simil> ,ev5ts record$ 9 ,hi/ory4 ,x may v prop]ly be ask$ :e!r miracles h occurr$ s9ce ! ,bible record 0 clos$2 & if n1 :y n4 ,s9ce we h reg>d$ ! miracles ( ! ,new ,te/am5t z no violations ( law1 b ! com+ 9 ( high] laws or =ces ?an ^? usually at "w 9 ! _w1 :y may !y n h tak5 place 9 our own "t8 ,if ,*ri/'s miracles diff] only f o!r miracles 9 be+ high] & m p]fect1 :at are ! miracles ( a l[] class8 ,c we po9t out any ev5ts belong+ to ! same class ( ph5om5a :i* h happ5$ dur+ ! la/ ?\s& ye>s8 ,9 reply to ?is "q1 we w proce$ to m5tion c]ta9 ph5om5a :i* seem to belong to ! same ord] z ! works ( ,jesus4 ,! di/9ction betwe5 ! miracles ( ,*ri/ & all ^? port5ts w be po9t$ out h]eaft]4 ,9 ! 8,atlantic ,mon?ly0 = ,febru>y & ,m>*1 #ahfd1 !re appe>$ an acc\nt 7writt51 we believe1 by ,r4 ,dale ,ow571 ( ! ,convulsioni/s ( ,/4 ,md>d4 ,! facts !re9 /at$ seem to contradict all ! kn[n laws ( physiology4 ,! l[] side ( miracles1 namely1 _! app>5t violation ( physical laws1 "h appe>s z fully develop$ & z fully atte/$ z ! mo/ c>eful sceptic c\ld desire4 ,if1 !re=e1 any "o objects to believ+ ! miracles ( ,jesus on ! gr\nd t !y seem to be violations ( physical laws1 we ask :at !y mean to d ) ^! facts1 s extraord9>y1 & yet s fully atte/$4 ,if believ$1 !re is no reason1 bas$ on ! abnormal "* ( ,*ri/'s works1 = reject+ ^?4 ,b if disbeliev$1 x c be done only by sett+ aside all ! ord9>y rules ( evid5ce1 & all ! laws ( belief1 9 favor ( a negative prepossession ( a purely empirical "*4 ,ph5om5a some:at simil> to ^! h occurr$ else:]e1 among ,prote/ants z well z ,ca?olics1 dur+ p]iods ( great religi\s excitem5t4 ,! beg9n+s ( mo/ religi\s sy/ems--,me?odism1 ,quak]ism1 c4--h /ories l ^! ( sup]natural influ5ces4 ,!y h usually be5 disbeliev$ because _! fri5ds h claim$ too mu*3 !y h claim$ t su* ph5om5a 7 div9e atte/ations to ! tru? ( ! doctr9e prea*$4 ,:at is prov$ by !m is ! simple fact t ! s\l ( man is capable1 "u high excitem5t1 ( susp5d+1 or r ov]com+1 all common physiological laws4 ,we h se5 simil> results foll[ (t5 f su* causes1 only 9 ord9>y ways4 ,a sick p]son is made well 9 a mom5t by "s moral influ5ce2 a weak & sickly "m w nurse a sick *ild1 night aft] night1 )\t re/ or sleep1 & keep well1 :]e a /rong man w\ld break d[n4 ,mesm]ism br+s =w>d multitudes ( l facts4 ,!re are1 = example1 ! well-atte/$ facts conc]n+ ! transf] ( ! s5ses3 t p "u ! influ5ce ( animal magnetism c read ) _! =ehead1 ! pit ( _! /oma*1 or ! back ( _! head4 ,we h se5 a weak boy1 "s ?irte5 ye>s old1 :5 magnetiz$1 lift a *air ) ?ree heavy m5 /&+ on x4 ,clairvoyance1 or see+ ?+s at a di/ance1 ?\gh n s well prov$1 is confirm$ by a va/ numb] ( facts4 ,we come1 !n1 to our f9al /atem5t conc]n+ miracles1 :i* is ?is3-- ,i4 ,!re is 9 man a p[]1 z yet undevelop$1 & only occasionally se5 9 exceptional conditions1 ( ov]com+ ! common laws ( nature by =ce ( w2 & ?is is sometimes volunt>y1 & sometimes involunt>y4 ,,ii4 ,?is ph5om5on takes ^! =ms3-- ,a4 ,p[] ( ! s\l ov] ! body 7a47 to resi/ pa91 z 9 ! case ( m>tyrs1 :o are burn$ alive )\t any appe>ance ( suff]+2 7b47 to resi/ physical injury1 z 9 ! case ( ! ,convulsioni/s2 7c47 to disp5se ) ! usual s]vice ( ! s5ses1 z 9 ! case ( ! girl at ,worce/] ,insane ,asylum1 ,massa*usetts1 "u ! c>e ( ,dr4 ,woodw>d1 :o c\ld read a book 9 a p]fectly d>k room & ) b&ag$ eyes2 7d47 to give a pret]natural en]gy & /r5g? to ! body4 ,b4 ,pret]natural k--su* cases z t n>rat$ by ,dr4 ,bu%nell1 ( ,yonnt1 9 ,cali=nia2 or k ?r\gh dreams1 wak+ pres5tim5ts2 cases ( =esight1 or prophecy2 ( insight1 or k ( :at is pass+ 9 o!r m9ds2 ( clairvoyance1 or k ( :at is happ5+ at a di/ance1 ( :i* multitudes ( facts are n>rat$ 9 su* books z ! 8,se]ess ( ,provor/10 ,mrs4 ,cr[e's 8,night ,side ( ,nature10 ,rob]t ,dale ,ow5's 8,footfalls f ! ,b\nd>y ( ! ,unse5 ,_w10 :i*1 aft] be+ sift$ by a fair criticism1 w leave a l>ge residuum ( irresolvable facts4 ,c4 ,high] ?an ^! is a pret]natural elevation ( ! :ole "*1 z 9 su* cases z t ( ,,joan ,,( ,,arc1 :]e a "y girl1 ignorant1 a peasant1 de/itute ( all common means ( influ5c+ any "o1 by ! simple p[] ( fai?1 because %e believ$ h]self inspir$ & commission$1 succe$$ 9 ga9+ ! comm& ( ! armies ( ,france1 & !n ( a*iev+ a s]ies ( victories1 equal1 on ! :ole1 z m]e milit>y exploits1 to ^? ( ! fir/ capta9s ( ! _w4 ,9 all ^! cases we see manife/ations ( a p[] 9 ! s\l ov] nature1 body1 m51 & ! laws ( "t & space4 ,s we say1 secondly1-- ,,iii4 ,?is p[] 0 possess$ 9 ! highe/ degree kn[n 9 ?is _w by ,jesus ( ,naz>e?1 & x diff]$ 9 him f ^! o!r cases 9 ^! po9ts3-- #a4 ,x 0 always volunt>y 9 its ex]cise1 nev] involunt>y4 ,he 0 n possess$ by x1 he possess$ x4 ,he us$ x j :5 & :]e he *ose to use x4 ,x 0 always at 8 comm&2 he nev] appe>s to h tri$ to "w a miracle1 & fail$4 ,s1-- #b4 ,x 0 9 him con/ant1 & n occasional4 ,9 o!r cases :]e ! miracul\s elem5t appe>s1 x seems to come & g2 b to ,jesus ! _s 0 n giv5 by measure4 ,he _h x always4 #c4 ,?is p[] 9 him 0 total1 & n p>tial4 ,x 0 !re=e h>moni\s--9 h>mony ) all 8 o!r qualities4 ,he _h p[] ov] diseases ( ! body1 & also ^? ( ! s\l4 ,he knew :at 0 9 man1 & :at 0 9 nature--9 ! pres5t1 & 9 ! future4 ,!re 0 no?+ ec/atic1 en?usia/ic1 no?+ ( excitem5t1 ab\t him2 b ev]y?+ d5ot$ a fulness1 a ,,pl]oma1 ( ?is spiritual life4 #d4 ,! ex]cise ( ?is p[] 9 ,*ri/ 0 always em95tly moral1 nev] wilful4 ,! "o or two seem+ exceptions1 z1 = example1 ! curs+ ! fig tree1 & ! caus+ ! evil spirits to g into ! sw9e1 ought to be expla9$ 9 h>mony ) ! va/ majority ( 8 actions1 :i* always are guid$ by love1 & ju/ice1 & a holy s5se ( :at is true & good4 #e?ly1 & la/ly4 ,! miracle p[] ( ,jesus rea*$ a high] po9t ( developm5t ?an 9 any "o else4 ,! rais+ ( ! dead to life1 & ! my/]i\s p[] ov] nature indicat$ by ! turn+ ( wat] into w9e1 by ! miracle ( ! loaves & fi%es1 calm+ ! /orm1 if facts1 are facts unp>allel$ 9 any o!r biography1 b seem possible1 h[ev] un9telligible1 :5 consid]$ z emanat+ f su* a ma/]ly & comm&+ _s z t ( ,jesus4 ,& ?is f9ally br+s u to ! miracle ( ! resurrection1 conc]n+ :i* we w fir/ quote f an article 9 a late numb] ( ! 8,we/m9/] ,review10 to %[ ! mo/ rec5t ideas ( ! critical & negative s*ool on ?is po9t4 #h4 ,miracle ( ! ,resurrection4 ,sceptical ,objections4 ,9 an article 9 ! 8,we/m9/] ,review10 9 8,! ,life ( ,*ri/1 by ,/rauss10 occurs ! foll[+ passage3-- 8,= ( ! two alt]natives op5 to free inquiry1 t if ,jesus di$ he nev] reappe>$1 or if he reappe>$ he nev] di$1 ,/rauss consid]s ! =m] n only pref]able1 b ! only t5able "o2 = he _c p]suade himself t a feeble suff]]1 :o at fir/ _h sc>cely /r5g? to leave ! tomb1 & 9 ! end succumb$ to dea?1 c\ld h contriv$ to inspire 8 foll[]s ) ! conviction t he 0 ! ,pr9ce ( life1 ! ,conqu]or ( ! grave4 ,/rauss ?us admits t fai? 9 ! sup]natural revival ( ! buri$ ,naz>5e 0 und\bt$ly ! pr(ession ( ! ,*ri/ian ,*ur*1 ! unconditional antec$5t )\t :i* ,*ri/ianity c\ld h _h no exi/5ce4 ,if1 !n1 we refuse to assume ! resurrection to be an hi/orical fact1 we h to expla9 ! orig9 ( ! ,*ur*'s belief 9 x4 ,! solution :i* satisfies ,/rauss1 & :i* seems to u also an adequate int]pretation ( ! problem1 is dep5d5t on ! two foll[+ positions3 #a4 ,! appe>ance ( ,jesus 0 lit]ally an appe>ance1 an halluc9ation1 a psy*ological ph5om5on4 #b4 ,x 0 also a sort ( practical fallacy ( confusion1 a case ( mi/ak5 id5tity4 8,b x w be said t ?is natural solution ( ! problem implies a =egone conclusion--! rejection ( ! ,or?odox or sup]natural solution4 ,( c\rse x does2 & accord+ly ,/rauss has be5 accus$ ( dogmatical or unphilosophical assumption4 ,b ! rejection ( ! !ological solution is n ! result ( ignorant prejudice1 b ( enlight5$ inve/igation4 ,anti-sup]naturalism is ! f9al irrev]sible s5t5ce ( sci5tific philosophy1 & ! real dogmati/ & hypo!sis-mak] is ! !ologian4 ,t ! _w is gov]n$ by uni=m laws is ! fir/ article 9 ! cre$ ( sci5ce1 & to disbelieve :atev] is at v>iance ) ^? uni=m laws1 :atev] contradicts a complete induction1 is an imp]ative1 intellectual duty4 ,a p>ticul> miracle is cr$ible to him alone :o already believes 9 sup]natural ag5cy4 ,its cr$ibility re/s on an assumption--! exi/5ce ( su* ag5cy4 ,b our mo/ compreh5sive sci5tific exp]i5ce has detect$ no su* ag5cy4 ,!re is no miracle 9 nature2 !re is no evid5ce ( any miracle-work+ en]gy 9 nature2 !re is no fact 9 nature to ju/ify ! expectation ( miracle4 ,rightly has x be5 said by an ,engli% savant & div9e1 t te/imony is a second-h& assurance1 a bl9d guide1 t c avail no?+ aga9/ reason2 & t to h any evid5ce ( a ,deity work+ miracles1 we mu/ g out ( nature & beyond reason4 8,/rauss's prepossession1 !re=e1 is ju/ifiable4 ,x is ! prepossession ( ! rational !i/1 :o does n believe 9 a ,god :o *anges 8 m9d & improves ) practice--! pr5tice mak] ( ! _w2 x is ! prepossession ( ! pan!i/1 9 ^: !ory ( ! p]fect gov]nm5t ( an imman5t ,god1 miracle is an extravagance & absurdity2 x is ! prepossession ( ! philosophical naturali/1 ^: exp]i5ce ( ! op]ations ( nature recognizes no extra-mundane int]v5tionalism40 ,we h quot$ ?is passage z conta9+ ! mo/ di/9ct /atem5t ( an extreme anti-sup]naturalism4 ,admitt+ ! dea? ( ,jesus z a fact1 x d5ies 8 resurrection z a fact1 & t on doctr9al & !oretic gr\nds4 ,decl>+ anti-sup]naturalism to be ! f9al irrev]sible s5t5ce ( sci5tific philosophy1 x assumes sup]naturalism to be a d5ial t ! _w is gov]n$ by uni=m laws4 ,x assumes ! resurrection ( ,*ri/ to be at v>iance ) ^? uni=m laws4 ,x d5ies ! exi/5ce ( any sup]natural ag5cy 9 ! affairs ( ?is _w4 ,x d5ies t !re ev] has be5 a miracle 9 nature1 or any extra-mundane int]v5tion 9 ! hi/ory ( nature or man4 ,?is is :at claims to be sci5ce1 at ! pres5t "t4 ,we d5y t x is sci5ce1 & ass]t x to be pure dogmatism & !ory1 contradict$ by num]\s facts4 ,x is pure !ory to assume ! resurrection ( ,jesus to be a violation ( law4 ,x is pure !ory to def9e a miracle to be some?+ oppos$ to law4 ,x is pure !ory to assume t ! miracul\s facts ascrib$ to ,jesus 9 ! ,gospels mu/ h be51 if !y occurr$1 violations ( law4 ,x is an assumption1 contradict$ by geology1 t !re is no?+ 9 ! exp]i5ce ( ! naturali/ ( ! op]ations ( nature to %[ any extra-mundane int]v5tion4 ,we h admitt$1 inde$1 t ^! same assumptions h be5 made by ,or?odox !ology4 ,or?odox !ologians h also assum$ ! miracles ( ,*ri/ to be violations ( ! laws ( nature4 ,b "s ( ! mo/ di/+ui%$ !ologians1 9 all ages ( ! ,*ur*1 h n s def9$ !m4 ,& !re is no reason :y ! man ( sci5ce %\ld d5y ! possibility ( fact because an unsci5tific explanation has be5 giv5 ( t fact by o!rs4 ,?is writ] virtually says1 8,i w n believe t ,*ri/ appe>$ aft] 8 dea?1 on any am\nt ( te/imony1 because "s p]sons h def9$ su* appe>ances z be+ oppos$ to ! laws ( nature40 ,x is c]ta9ly true t we _c fully believe 9 ! reality ( any ph5om5on :i* seems to u to be a violation ( law4 ,x is also true t ! report$ facts conc]n+ ! appe>ances ( ,jesus seem l a violation ( law4 ,b ! sci5tific c\rse is nei!r to d5y ! facts1 nor to expla9 !m away1 b to /udy !m1 9 ord] to see :e!r1 aft] all1 !y may n lead u to "s new laws1 be=e unkn[n4 ,! resurrection ( ,jesus des]ves ?is /udy1 s9ce1 accord+ to ! confession ( sci5ce itself1 ! ,*ri/ian ,*ur* re/s ^u t belief4 ,/rauss admits t ,*ri/ianity c\ld n h exi/$ )\t x4 ,b1 ha/ily assum+ t ! real appe>ance ( ,jesus himself w\ld be a violation ( a law ( nature1 he supposes ?is imm5se fact ( ,*ri/5dom to re/ on an halluc9ation & a case ( mi/ak5 id5tity4 ,b p]haps1 aft] all1 ! resurrection may h be5 an example ( a univ]sal law4 ,l o!r miracles1 :i* are sporadic in/ances1 9 ?is _w1 ( laws :i* may be ! nature ( o!r worlds1 s ! resurrection may h be5 z natural an ev5t z any o!r 9 ! life ( ,jesus4 ,p]haps x is a law ( nature t all s\ls %all become dis5gag$ f ! e>?ly body on ! ?ird day aft] dea?4 ,p]haps !y all rise 9 a spiritual body1 sub/antial & real1 b n usually p]ceptible by ! s5ses4 ,p]haps1 9 ! case ( ,jesus1 t same sup]ior comm& ( miracul\s =ce1 :i* appe>$ dur+ 8 life1 enabl$ him to %[ himself easily & freely :5ev] he w\ld4 ,:at became ( ! e>?ly body we d n "k2 x may h be5 remov$ by ! prie/s or soldi]s to prev5t ! disciples f gett+ possession ( x4 ,! body 9 :i* ,*ri/ appe>$ diff]$ evid5tly f ! e>?ly body 9 v>i\s ways4 ,x came & w5t my/]i\sly2 x 0 sometimes recogniz$1 & sometimes n2 & x asc5d$ into ! spiritual _w in/ead ( pass+ aga9 to dea? & ! grave4 ,p]haps1 !re=e1 x may be a univ]sal law t s\ls rise out ( ! mat]ial body into a high] /ate1 clo!d 9 ano!r body1 sub/antial & real1 b n mat]ial4 ,! ess5ce ( ! resurrection is ?is3 ,resurrection is n com+ to life aga9 ) ! same body1 b asc5t into a high] life ) a new body4 ,x may be said t all ?is is only a p]haps4 ,v well2 x is only a p]haps1 b t is all we want 9 ord] to refute ! logic ( ! article j quot$4 ,! sci5tific sceptic says1 8,i w n believe t ,jesus 0 really se5 aft] dea?1 because t w\ld be a violation ( a law ( nature40 ,we reply1 8,no1 n necess>ily4 ,x might p]haps h be5 ?us & s40 ,t w d2 = if we c %[ t x is n necess>ily a violation ( a law ( nature1 we :olly remove ! objection4 ,b we may g f>!r1 & ass]t t su* a supposition z we h made n only accords ) ! /ory 9 ! ,gospels1 b also ) ! :ole _s ( ,*ri/ianity1 & ) all ! analogies ( nature4 ,! resurrection ( ,jesus1 s reg>d$1 becomes ! mo/ natural ?+ 9 ! _w4 ,if s\ls live aft] dea?1 z ev5 natural in/9ct tea*es1 !y live some:]e4 ,z by ! analogy ( nature we see an asc5d+ scale ( bodily exi/5ce up to man1 ^: body is sup]ior to t ( all o!r animals1 because fitt$ = ! v highe/ uses1 s if man is to live h]eaft] & else:]e1 & n 9 ?is e>?ly body1 analogy w\ld anticipate t he %\ld live 9 a body /ill1 b 9 a high] =m4 ,if ,jesus1 !re=e1 rose 9 ?is high] body1 & appe>$ to 8 disciples1 x 0 to lift !m above fe> ( dea? by %[+ t ?is corruptible mu/ put on incorruption4 ,s 8 resurrection 0 n m]ely com+ to life aga9 9 ! same body1 b ris+ up into a high] body & a high] /ate1 to %[ u h[ we are to be1 to give u a glimpse ( ! h]eaft]1 to bridge ov] ! gulf betwe5 ?is life & t to come4 #i4 ,f9al ,result ( ?is ,exam9ation4 ,we h ?us exam9$1 z ?or\ghly z our limit$ space w all[1 ! que/ions at issue1 on ! subject ( miracles1 betwe5 ! old ,or?odox & rec5t het]odox views2 & ! result to :i* we h arriv$ may be ?us /at$3-- #a4 ,we may believe1 on ! te/imony ( hi/ory1 t ?r\gh ,jesus ( ,naz>e? !re ent]$ ! _w a great impulse ( creative moral life1 :i* has be51 & is n[1 r5ew+ society4 ,?is new impulse ( life may be reg>d$ z miracul\s or sup]natural4 #b4 ,we may believe1 ?\gh p]haps less /rongly1 b /ill decid$ly1 t dur+ ! /ay ( ,jesus on e>? _m extraord9>y ph5om5a took place1 su* z ! sudd5 heal+ ( ! sick1 ! rais+ ( ! dead to life1 a display ( miracul\s insight & =esight1 or k ( ! pres5t & ! future1 & "s influ5ce ov] organic & mat]ial life1 & ov] ! lifeless =ces ( nature4 ,! precise limits ( ?is we d n "k1 & ne$ n pret5d to def9e4 ,we ne$ n ?9k x ess5tial to fix ! b\nd>y4 ,x may be int]e/+ z speculation1 b x is n important z religion4 #c4 ,=1 9 ! ?ird place1 we may say t ^! miracles ( ,jesus h v little direct be>+ on our religion4 ,z !y illu/rate 8 "*1 !y are valuable1 & also z !y help u to believe t ! laws ( nature are n /iff & rigid1 l ! movem5t ( a ma*9e1 b t !re is =ce above =ce1 a vortex ( liv+ p[]s1 9 ! univ]se1 ris+ high] & high] t[>ds ! f\nta9 ( all =ce & life 9 ,god4 ,all port5ts & wond]s are useful1 z !y %ake u out ( ! me*anical view ( ?+s1 & %[ t ev5 ! outw>d1 s5sible _w is full ( spiritual p[]4 #d4 ,we may also believe ! miracles ( ,jesus to be natural 9 ?is s5se--t "u ! same conditions !y c\ld h be5 done by o!rs1 & t !y are probably prophetic ( a "t 9 :i* !y %all be done by o!rs4 ,look$ at z m]e signs or port5ts1 he himself disc\rag$ any att5tion be+ paid to !m4 ,look$ at z logical pro(s to conv9ce an unbeliev]1 he nev] br\ght !m =w>d4 ,8 object 9 miracles1 z /at$ by ,mr4 ,furness1 0 simply to express 8 "*4 ,"s1 inde$1 7 symbolical1 z ! curs+ ( ! fig tree4 ,x is ! cu/om 9 ! ,ea/ = tea*]s to speak 9 symbolic language4 ,miracles 7 at fir/ believ$1 on l[ gr\nds1 z violations ( law by a ,god outside ( ! _w4 ,n[ !y are disbeliev$ on sci5tific gr\nds4 ,!y may possibly be believ$ aga9 on gr\nds ( philosophy & hi/oric evid5ce1 n z port5ts1 n z violations ( law1 n z ! basis ( a logical argum5t1 b z ! natural efflu5ce & outcome ( a s\l l t ( ,jesus1 into :i* a sup]natural influx ( light & life _h desc5d$4 ,!y are n m wond]ful ?an nature2 !y are n s wond]ful z ! *ange ( he>t by :i* a bad man becomes a good man4 ,b !y w f9d _! prop] place z evid5ce h[ pla/ic ! l[] laws are to ! influ5ce ( a high] life4 ,,*apt] ,v4 ,,or?odox ,,idea ,,( ,,! ,,inspiration ,,& ,,au?ority ,,( ,,! ,,bible4 #a4 ,subject ( ?is ,*apt]4 ,?ree ,views conc]n+ ! ,bible4 ,! subject ( ?is *apt] is ! ,or?odox idea conc]n+ ! inspiration & au?ority ( ! ,bible4 ,we %all consid] ! conflict ( op9ion betwe5 ^? :o believe 9 ! full inspiration ( e ^w ( ,scripture1 & ^? :o treat x l a common book1 & endeavor to see h[ f> we ought to believe a fact or a doctr9e1 because x is ass]t$1 or seems to be ass]t$1 by "s writ] 9 ! ,bible4 ,su* que/ions are c]ta9ly ( great importance to u all at ! pres5t "t1 :5 op9ions on ^! subjects are unsettl$1 & few p "k exactly :at to believe4 ,especially 9 reg>d to ! ,old ,te/am5t1 n _m p]sons h any di/9ct notions4 ,!y d n "k :at is its inspiration or its au?ority2 !y d n "k :e!r !y are to believe ! acc\nt ( ! creation & ( ! deluge 9 ! book ( ,g5esis1 9 opposition to ! geologi/s1 or believe ! geologi/s1 9 opposition to ,g5esis4 ,c]ta9ly x is desirable1 if we c1 to h "s cle> & di/9ct op9ions on ^! po9ts4 ,&1 fir/1 9 reg>d to ,inspiration3 !re are ?ree ma9 & lead+ views ( ! inspiration ( ! ,bible4 ,!re _c be a f\r?4 ,!re may be modifications ( ^!1 b no?+ ess5tially diff]5t4 ,^! ?ree views are1-- 7a47 ,pl5>y ,inspiration4--,t is1 t ev]y?+ 9 ! ,bible is ! ^w ( ,god4 ,all ! canonical books are inspir$ by ,god1 s z to make !m infallible guides to fai? & practice4 ,e ^w :i* really belongs to ^! books is ,god's tru?1 & to be receiv$ )\t "q z tru?1 no matt] h[ mu* x may seem oppos$ to reason1 to ! facts ( nature1 to common s5se1 & common morality4 ,?is is ! ,or?odox !ory ev5 at ! pres5t "t4 ,any v>iation f ?is is consid]$ a deviation into h]esy4 ,no d\bt1 9 practice x is deviat$ f1 by v ,or?odox p2 b all ,prote/ant sects1 claim+ to be ,or?odox1 pr(ess to hold to ! pl5>y inspiration ( ! ,bible4 7b47 ,! ,rationali/ or ,naturali/ic ,view ( ! ,bible4--,! ,bible is n inspir$ at all1 or at lea/ 9 no way diff]+ f any o!r book4 ,its au?ors 7 inspir$1 p]haps1 j z ,hom]1 or ,?ucydides1 or ,cic]o 7 inspir$1 b n diff]5tly4 ,x has no au?ority1 !re=e1 ov] any o!r book1 & is j z liable to be 9 error z any o!r4 ,if y %\ld b9d 9 "o volume ! hi/ories ( ,h]odotus1 ,tacitus1 ,gibbon1 & ,mr4 ,bancr(t1 ! poems ( ,horace1 ,hafiz1 & ,dante1 & ! lett]s ( ,cic]o & ,horace ,walpole1 ?is collection w\ld h to ! ,naturali/ j z mu* au?ority z ! ,bible4 7c47 ,! m$iatorial view ( ! ,bible1 or ! view :i* m$iates betwe5 ! o!rs4 ,?is view endeavors to reconcile ! o!rs1 by accept+ ! tru?s 9 ea*1 & elim9at+ _! errors or defects4 ,to ?is ?ird division ( op9ions belong ^? ( a l>ge class1 :o are n prep>$ to accept ei!r ! fir/ or ! second4 ,!y _c believe e ^w 9 ! ,bible to be ! ^w ( ,god1 = !y f9d ?+s 9 x contradict+ ! evid5ce ( hi/ory & ! intuitions ( reason1 & also contradict+ o!r tea*+s ( ! same book4 ,!y _c see :y1 z ,*ri/ians1 !y %\ld believe ev]y?+ 9 ! ,jewi% ,scriptures4 ,z ,*ri/ians1 !y g to ! ,new ,te/am5t z a ma9 s\rce ( fai? & practice1 b d n see :y !y %\ld g to ! ,old ,te/am5t = ,*ri/ian tru?4 ,on ! o!r h&1 !y _c look ^u ! ,bible z a common book4 ,!y rememb] t x has be5 a light to ! _w = ?\s&s ( ye>s1 t x has be5 ! means ( awak5+ ! human intellect & he>t1 ( re=m+ society1 & purify+ life4 ,ev5 9 ! ,old ,te/am5t !y f9d ! noble/ tru? & ! t5d]e/ piety4 ,! ,bible has be5 ! litany1 pray]-book1 inspir]1 com=t] ( nations & c5turies4 ,!y _c & w\ld n emancipate !mselves f ! traditions 9 :i* !y 7 born1 nor cut (f hi/ory beh9d !m4 ,! ,*ri/ian ,*ur* is _! "m2 %e has taught !m out ( ?is book to "k ,god1 & out ( ?is book to pray to him1 & !y _c reg>d x )\t a c]ta9 prepossession4 ,to ?is ?ird class ,i myself belong4 ,i w\ld n be unju/ to ! pa/ or to ! future4 ,i w\ld be loyal to tru?1 & n %ut my eyes to :at ,god reveals :i* is new2 & ,i w\ld n be unfai?ful to :at has already be5 taught me1 or ungrateful = ! love :i* has taught ! _w by ! m\?s ( pa/ prophets & apo/les4 #b4 ,! ,difficulty4 ,antiquity ( ! ,_w1 & ,age ( ,mank9d4 ,let u !n see1 fir/1 :at ! problem be=e u is2 & ?is c p]haps be be/ und]/ood by means ( an example4 ,! common op9ion among ,*ri/ians is1 t ! _w 0 made f\r ?\s& & f\r ye>s be=e ,*ri/1 & t all mank9d are desc5d$ f ,adam & ,eve4 ,^! op9ions are d]iv$ f ! book ( ,g5esis1 :i* tells u t aft] ,god _h made ! _w & o!r ?+s 9 five days1 on ! six? day he made man 9 8 own image2 & t1 :5 ! fir/ man1 ,adam1 0 a hundr$ & ?irty ye>s old1 he _h a son1 nam$ ,se?2 & f ,se?1 accord+ to ,g5esis1 are desc5d$1 by a g5ealogy giv5 9 ! fif? *apt] ( ,g5esis1 ,noah & 8 sons2 & ! ages be+ giv5 f ,adam d[n to ,abraham1 & f ,abraham to ,*ri/1 ! age ( ! _w & ! age ( ! human race h be5 comput$4 ,z long z !re 0 no reason = suppos+ any diff]5t p]iod = ! antiquity ( ! _w1 ^! numb]s 7 quietly accept$4 ,b v>i\s new facts h be5 notic$1 & new sci5ces h aris51 )9 ! pa/ fifty ye>s1 :i* h ?r[n d\bt ^u ?is *ronology4 ,9 ! fir/ place ! great sci5ce ( geology has exam9$ ! rocky leaves :i* envelop ! surface ( ! e>?1 & has f\nd writt5 ^u !m pro(s ( an imm5se antiquity4 ,x is f\nd t ! e>?1 in/ead ( be+ creat$ f\r ?\s& ye>s ago1 mu/ h exi/$ = myriads ( ye>s1 9 ord] to h giv5 "t = ! *anges :i* h tak5 place 9 its /ructure4 ,?is evid5ce 0 long d\bt$ & resi/$ by !ologians1 z !y suppos$ 9 ! int]e/ ( ,scripture2 b ! evid5ce 0 too /rong to be d5i$1 & no intellig5t !ologian1 h[ev] ,or?odox1 n[ believes ! _w to h be5 made 9 six days1 or to h be5 creat$ only six ?\s& ye>s ago4 ,) "s1 ! six days /& = imm5se p]iods ( "t2 ) o!rs1 ! :ole /ory is consid]$ a vision1 or a symbolical acc\nt ( geological ev5ts2 b no "o takes x lit]ally4 ,?is result has come f ! ov]:elm+ am\nt ( evid5ce = ! antiquity ( ! e>?1 d]iv$ ma9ly f ! fossil rocks4 ,( ^! fossilif]\s rocks !re are ov] ?irty di/9ct /rata1 ly+ sup]impos$1 9 a regul> s]ies1 ea* fill$ ) ! rema9s ( di/9ct v>ieties ( animals or ( plants4 ,^! rocks mu/ ea* h be5 an imm5se p]iod ( "t 9 be+ =m$1 = ! %ells :i* !y conta91 al?\gh v delicate1 are unbrok51 & c\ld only be sl[ly deposit$ 9 ! quiet dep?s ( a great ocean4 ,!re are also evid5ces t aft] ^? /rata 7 =m$1 viol5t & sudd5 upheavals took place1 ?r[+ !m into new positions1 !n sl[ upris+s ( ! bottom ( ! sea1 or sl[ subsid+s ( ! l&4 ,at "o "t ! nor!rn p>ts ( ,europe & ,am]ica 7 cov]$ ) ice4 ,great glaci]s ext5d$ ov] ! :ole ( ,switz]l&1 & iceb]gs float$ f ! m\nta9s ( ,b]k%ire 9 ,massa*usetts ^u a sea :i* fill$ ! valley ( ! ,connecticut ,riv]1 dropp+ erratic blocks ( /one1 tak5 f ^? m\nta9s1 9 /raight l9es1 p>allel ) ea* o!r1 half way across ! valley1 :]e !y /ill lie4 ,simil> iceb]gs float$ f ,sn[don1 9 ,wales1 & ,b5 ,lomond1 9 ,scotl&1 ov] ! subm]g$ isl&s ( ,great ,brita94 ,at "o "t ! :ole surface ( ! e>?1 in/ead ( be+ cov]$ ) icy glaci]s1 0 fill$ ) a hot1 damp atmosph]e1 lad5 ) c>bonic gas1 :i* no creature c\ld brea!1 b 9 :i* grew great =e/s ( a /range tropical vegetation4 ,!n came ano!r p]iod1 9 :i* all ^! =e/s 7 subm]g$ & buri$1 & at la/ turn$ into coal4 ,long aft] ?is hot p]iod _h pass$1 & long aft] ! cold1 glacial p]iod1 :i* foll[$ x1 _h dep>t$1 came a "t :5 ! elephant1 ! rh9oc]os1 & ! hippopotamus cov]$ ! :ole ( ,europe1 & ! mammo? roam$ 9 ,nor? ,am]ica4 ,su* facts z ^!1 inconte/ably e/abli%$ by ! ample/ evid5ce1 h made x impossible = any reasonable man to believe t ! e>? 0 made 9 six days1 or t x 0 made only six ?\s& ye>s ago4 ,b ?is "q be+ ?us dispos$ (1 o!r que/ions arise 9 _! turn4 ,are all mank9d desc5d$ f "o pair1 or f _m8 ,has ! human race exi/$ on ! e>? only six ?\s& ye>s1 or dur+ a long] p]iod8 ,0 ! deluge ( ,noah a real ev5t8 & if s1 0 x univ]sal or p>tial8 ,did ! sun /& /ill at ! comm& ( ,jo%ua8 or is t only a poetic image tak5 f an anci5t book ( poems--! book ( ,ja%]8 ,is !re any tru? 9 ! /ory ( ! passage ( ! ,r$ ,sea by ! ,israelites8 ( ! passage ( ! ,jordan8 ( ! walls ( ,j]i*o fall+ :5 ! trumpets 7 bl[n8 ( ! /ory ( ,samson8 ,if we once beg9 to d\bt & disbelieve ! acc\nts 9 ! ,bible1 :]e %all we /op8 ,:at rule %all we h by :i* to di/+ui% ! true f ! false8 ,is x safe to beg9 to "q & d5y8 ,is x n saf] to accept ! :ole book z ! ^w ( ,god1 & to let ev]y?+ 9 x /& unexam9$8 ,no6 8,x is nev] safe10 said ,lu!r1 8to d any?+ aga9/ ! tru?60 ,tru? alone is safe2 & 8 s\l only is safe :o loves & honors tru? m ?an human approbation--m ?an ease1 com=t1 or life4 ,x is n safe to pret5d to believe :at we d n4 ,& 9 ?is in/ance1 half ( ! infidelity ( ! age & c\ntry has come f ! tea*+ t ev]y?+ 9 ! ,bible is ! ^w ( ,god4 ,s9c]e m5 h be5 disgu/$ :5 told !y mu/ believe ?+s contr>y to _! common s5se & reason4 ,ano!r "q1 :i* is n[ be+ inve/igat$1 is ! age ( mank9d--! antiquity ( ! human race4 ,! ,bible gives ! li/ ( g5]ations f ,adam to ,abraham2 & ! l5g? ( ea*1 & o!r data1 giv5 9 ,scripture1 make six ?\s& ye>s = ! life ( man on ?is e>?4 ,greek hi/ory only goes back "s tw5ty-?ree hundr$ ye>s2 ! ,egyptian monum5ts g back fifte5 hundr$ or two ?\s& ye>s e>li]--to #bjjj ,b4,c41 or #cjjj ,b4,c4 ,! 8,v$as10 9 ,india1 may h be5 writt5 #aejj ,b4,c42 ! 8,k+s10 9 ,*9a1 be=e t4 ,b rec5tly we h be5 c>ri$ back to a yet e>li] p]iod1--to a "t :5 man exi/$ on ! e>?1 be=e any writt5 monum5t or sculptur$ /one :i* n[ exi/s4 ,two diff]5t s\rces h be5 discov]$ )9 a few ye>s1--"o ( !m by philology1 ! o!r by geology4 ,x has be5 f\nd t ! languages spok5 by ,europeans1 9 _! airy s\nds1 are m p]man5t monum5ts ?an granite or endur+ brass4 ,/amp$ on ^! light1 impond]able words are m>ks ( a gray antiquity go+ back to times be=e ,h]odotus1 be=e ,moses & ! book ( ,g5esis1 be=e ! ,v$as 9 ,india1 be=e ! ,z5dave/a 9 ,p]sia4 ,x has be5 prov$1 fir/1 t ne>ly all ! languages ( ,europe belong to "o l+ui/ic family1 & !re=e t ^? :o speak !m 7 orig9ally ( "o race4 ,^! diff]5t languages--sev5 si/] languages1 daught]s ( a language n[ :olly gone--are ! ,sanscrit or anci5t ,h9doo1 ! ,z5d or anci5t ,p]sian1 ! ,greek1 ! ,lat91 ! ,keltic1 ! ,g]man1 & ! ,slavic languages4 ,by a comp>ison ( ^!1 x has be5 f\nd t orig9ally !re liv$1 ea/ ( ! ,caspian1 a race ( %eph]ds & hunt]s1 call+ !mselves ,aryan2 t "o bran* desc5d$ into ,india at lea/ five ?\s& ye>s ago1 & drove out ! aborig9al inhabitants1 a second bran* w5t into ,p]sia1 a ?ird into ,italy1 a f\r? into ,greece1 a fif? va/ immigration fill$ ,nor!rn ,europe ) ! ,kelts1 a six? ) ,sc&9avians & ,g]mans1 & a sev5? ) ! ,slaves4 ,b long ago z ?is immigration 01--be=e all hi/ory1--x f\nd aborig9al inhabitants ev]y:]e1 ^: desc5dants rema94 ,! ,lapps & ,f9ns 9 ,nor!rn1 ,europe1 ! ,basques 9 ,spa91 & ,magy>s 9 ,hung>y1 are probably desc5d$ f ?is e>li] ,european race4 ,x is difficult to suppose mank9d only six ?\s& ye>s old1 :5 we f9d su* great movem5ts tak+ place f\r or five ?\s& ye>s ago4 ,b n[ come ! geologi/s1 & tell u t !y f9d evid5ce ( ?ree diff]5t races exi/+ 9 ,europe 9 ?ree di/9ct p]iods ( civilization1 "s ( :i* probably prec$$ ! immigration ( ^! ,indo-,european races4 ,^! ?ree belong to :at !y call ! ,/one1 ! ,bronze1 & ! ,iron ,age4 ,9 ! gravel & drift1 f t5 to tw5ty feet bel[ ! surface1 along ) ! bones ( ! elephant & ! rh9oc]os1 & o!r animals long s9ce ext9ct1 are f\nd hundr$s ( fl9t in/rum5ts1 axes1 arr[-heads1 & tools1 indicat+ t m5 liv$ 9 ,europe 9 great numb]s1 contempor>ies ) ^! ext9ct animals4 ,if ?is %\ld be prov$1 we %\ld !n be br\ght to admit1 ) respect to ! antiquity ( man1 :at we h already admitt$ ) reg>d to ! antiquity ( ! _w1 t ! acc\nt 9 ,g5esis is n to be und]/ood z !ologians h hi!rto taught2 t is1 t we mu/ n g to ,g5esis1 b to philology & geology1 = our k ( ! mo/ anci5t hi/ory4 ,9 ?is case1 !n1 x w be evid5t t ! old notion ( a lit]al inspiration _c be ma9ta9$4 ,god c]ta9ly did n inspire m5 to tea* any?+ ab\t ! creation :i* 0 adapt$ to mislead & deceive m5 = two ?\s& ye>s4 ,we %all be oblig$ to say1 !n1 t ,moses 0 n inspir$ to tea* geology or hi/ory2 t :at he taught on ^! subjects he taught f su* s\rces z 7 available to him1 & t he 0 liable to error4 ,! old ,or?odox !ory ( pl5>y inspiration has receiv$ v damag+ bl[s f su* sci5tific rese>*es z ^! :i* we h be5 describ+4 ,! lett] ( ! ,bible seems1 9 su* cases1 to be at w> ) ! facts ( nature4 #c4 ,basis ( ! ,or?odox ,!ory ( ,inspiration4 ,:y1 !n1 %\ld ! ,or?odox doctr9e be s /\tly ma9ta9$8 ,:at are ! reasons us$ 9 its def5ce8 ,:at its argum5ts8 ,:at is its basis8 ,on :at does x re/8 ,d ! writ]s ( ! ,bible say t !y 7 inspir$ by ,god to write ^! books8 ,n at all4 ,d !y claim infallibility8 ,n[h]e4 ,d !y lay d[n any doctr9e ( pl5>y1 v]bal1 lit]al inspiration8 ,no4 ,we d n ev5 "k :o wrote _m ( ^! books4 ,we d n "k :o collect$ !m1 or :y j ^! books 7 put into ! collection1 & no o!rs4 ,! ,or?odox !ory re/s on few facts1 b is ma9ly an assumption4 ,x seem$ necess>y t !re %\ld be au?ority some:]e2 & :5 ,prote/ants reject$ ! au?ority ( ! ,*ur*1 !y took ! ,bible 9 its place4 ,! doctr9e ( inspiration1 !re=e1 0 adopt$ z a basis = ! au?ority ( ! ,bible4 ,! pr9cipal reason giv5 by ^? :o believe 9 ! pl5>y inspiration ( ! ,bible1 = hold+ to ?is doctr9e1 is ! necessity ( "s au?ority4 ,! argum5t is ?is3 ,unless e "p ( ! ,bible is believ$ to be fully inspir$1 "s "p ( x may be believ$ to be errone\s2 & if we admit error 9 any "p1 ! ,bible loses its au?ority1 & we d n "k :at to believe4 ,! doctr9e ( lit]al & pl5>y inspiration re/s1 !re=e1 9 ! la/ analysis1 on no basis ( fact1 b on a purely a priori argum5t4 ,let u !re=e exam9e ?is argum5t1 & see :at is its =ce4 ,revelation1 x is said1 is a communication ( tru? ) au?ority4 ,x is tru? %[n to u by ,god1 n tru? reason$ out by man4 ,its value is1 t we c rely ^u x entirely1 live by x1 die by x1 )\t d\bt or hesitation4 ,we d n want speculation1 op9ion1 probability2 we want c]ta9ty2 o!rwise religion ceases to be a p[]1 & becomes a m]e intellectual amusem5t4 ,! only religion1 x is add$1 :i* is ( any real value1 is t :i* c>ries ) x ?is au?ority4 ,! outw>d _w1 ) its influ5ces & its temptations1 is s /rong1 t we %all be swept away by x unless we c oppose to x "s inw>d conviction z solid & real4 ,amid ! temptations ( ! s5ses1 ! allurem5ts ( pleasure1 ! deceitfulness ( ri*es1 w x enable a man to hold fa/ to hone/y1 temp]ance1 purity1 g5]osity--to believe t 9 all probability ^! ?+s are "r1 & t !re is some?+ to be said 9 favor ( ! op9ion t ,god approves ( !m8 ,w x help him1 to ?9k t unless ! writ] ( ! ,gospel is mi/ak51 or 8 words mi/ranslat$1 ,*ri/ may h said t goodness leads to heav51 & s9 to hell8 ,no4 ,we ne$ au?ority 9 ord] to h c]ta9ty2 & we ne$ c]ta9ty 9 our convictions 9 ord] t !y %\ld influ5ce u deeply & p]man5tly4 ,?is is ! *ief argum5t 9 favor ( ! pl5>y inspiration7#aa7 ( ! ,bible4 ,we see x am\nts to ?is--t x is v desirable1 = practical purposes1 t we %\ld believe ev]y?+ 9 ! ,bible to be true47#ab7 ,9 reply to ?is1 we ought fir/ to say1 t ! "q 9 all ^! cases is n1 ,:at is desirable8 b1 ,:at is true8 ,we %\ld beg9 by inve/igat+ ! facts4 ,we %\ld ask1 ,does ! ,bible any:]e say ( itself t x is inspir$ 9 ?is s5se8 ,d any ( ! writ]s ( ! ,bible decl>e !mselves to be ?us inspir$1 s t all t !y say is absolutely true 9 e p>ticul>8 ,does ,*ri/ say t ^? :o are to write ! ,gospels or ! ,epi/les ( ! ,new ,te/am5t %all be ?us gu>d$ aga9/ e possible error8 ,or is !re any evid5ce 9 ! books !mselves t ! writ]s 7 ?us protect$8 ,d !y nev] contradict ea* o!r or !mselves8 ,d !y nev] contradict facts ( nature or facts ( hi/ory8 ,n[1 to all ^! que/ions1 we are oblig$ to say1 ,no4 ,! ,bible claims no su* absolute inspiration = itself4 ,x says t 8holy m5 ( old spake z !y 7 mov$ by ! ,holy ,_s10 b x does n say t ! ,holy ,_s made !m infallible4 ,x says1 8,all ,scripture is giv5 by inspiration1 & is pr(itable = doctr9e10 b x does n say :at are ! limits ( ,scripture2 & to be pr(itable or useful = doctr9e is surely n ! same ?+ z to h infallible au?ority ov] belief4 ,besides1 if ^? :o wrote c]ta9 ,scriptures 7 infallibly inspir$1 ^? :o collect$ ! pres5t books ( ! ,old & ,new ,te/am5t1 & made our canon1 7 n s inspir$4 ,^? :o transcrib$ _! autographic manuscripts 7 n inspir$4 ,! manuscripts ( ! ,gospels & ,epi/les1 writt5 by _! au?ors1 h long s9ce p]i%$4 ,!re 7 no autograph collectors 9 anci5t times4 ,!re 0 no su* rev]5ce !n paid to ! lett] ( religion1 to cause ! orig9al manuscript ( an apo/le to be kept 9 a *ur* z a sacr$ relic4 ,we h pl5ty ( pieces ( wood claim+ to be p>ts ( ! true cross1 b n a manuscript claim+ to be ! orig9al writ+ ( an apo/le4 ,! e>lie/ manuscript goes only to ! f\r? c5tury1 & t conta9s ! ,epi/le ( ,b>nabas4 ,if1 !n1 ! writ]s ( ! ,new ,te/am5t 7 inspir$1 ^? :o collect$ _! writ+s 7 n inspir$1 & may h left out ! "r books1 & put 9 ! wrong ones4 ,^? :o copi$ _! manuscripts 7 n inspir$1 & may h left out ! "r words1 & put 9 wrong ones4 ,^? :o translat$ _! manuscripts 7 n inspir$1 & may h made mi/akes 9 _! translat+4 ,s t1 aft] all1 ! pl5>y inspiration ( ! apo/les does n be/[ t infallibility ^u our ,engli% ,bible :i* ?is !ory dem&s 9 ord] to give x au?ority4 ,& yet we admit ! importance ( hav+ "s au?ority4 ,tru? :i* does n come ) au?ority is n tru?2 x is only speculation2 x _c influ5ce life4 ,revelation & philosophy diff] 9 ?is1 t philosophy tells u :at m5 ?9k ab\t ,god1 revelation :at ,god ?9ks ab\t m54 ,revelation is ! draw+ aside ( ! veil :i* hides ,god1 duty1 immortality4 ,x does n give u speculations ab\t !m1 b %[s u ! ?+s !mselves4 ,if1 !re=e1 we c %[ t ! ,bible c be au?ority )\t be+ pl5>ily inspir$1 v possibly ,or?odoxy w\ld no long] cl+ to ?is doctr9e ) su* rem>kable t5acity4 ,?is po9t ( au?ority we %all consid] 9 ano!r section ( ?is *apt]1 & s we w say no m ab\t x n[4 ,we %all try to %[1 !n1 t ! ,bible may be1 & is au?ority1 )\t be+ inspir$ z reg>ds e page & ^w1 & t inspiration is "o ?+ & infallibility ano!r4 ,at pres5t we desire to see ! tru? !re is 9 ! ,or?odox doctr9e ( inspiration4 #d4 ,inspiration 9 g5]al1 or ,natural ,inspiration4 ,!re is a f\ndation = inspiration 9 human nature1 a capacity = inspiration :i* all possess4 ,7 x n s1 ,*ri/ian inspiration w\ld be some?+ unnatural1 & n 9 ! ord] ( provid5ce4 ,moreov]1 we commonly speak ( ! inspiration ( ! poet1 ! pa9t]1 ! inv5tor1 ! man ( g5ius4 ,! man ( g5ius is he :o has m ( ?is capacity = inspiration ?an o!r m54 ,b all m5 h x 9 a great] or a less degree4 ,all m5 h _! h\rs or mom5ts ( inspiration4 ,by ^! exp]i5ces ( _! own1 !y und]/& ! l>g] inspirations ( g5ius4 ,if we di/ribute ! ?\ghts we possess accord+ to _! s\rce1 we %all f9d t we h obta9$ !m all1 ei!r f o!r p]sons1 or by means ( m5tal ef=t1 or by inspiration4 ,! l>ge/ "p ( our ?\ghts & op9ions we h tak5 9 ready made1 & reproduc$ !m j z we receiv$ !m4 ,we suppose ourselves ?9k+1 :5 we utt] !m1 b we are only rememb]+4 ,a mu* small] proportion ( our ?\ghts we h obta9$ reflectively1 by p]sonal ef=ts ( ! active intellect4 ,ano!r "p are ^? :i* h come to u 9 "s happy mom5ts1 :5 ! inn] eye 0 uncl\d$1 & :5 we seem to see at a glance tru? & beauty4 ,^! inspir$ mom5ts give u ! mo/ solid k we h4 ,!y are m5tal exp]i5ces1 :i* are ! ma/] lights ( all our be+4 ,!y give direction & unity to all our o!r ?\ghts & op9ions4 ,!y con/itute m5tal orig9ality4 ,! peculi>ity ( inspiration1 9 ?is g5]al s5se1 does n lie 9 ! subjects ( ! ?\ghts1 b 9 ! mann] ( _! com+4 ,ideas & ?\ghts ( v diff]5t k9ds may all be inspir$ ?\ghts4 ,! poet1 ! arti/1 h _! inspirations4 ,b ! s*ol>1 ! ?9k]1 has 8 also4 ,! man :o inv5ts a ma*9e (t5 has ! idea come to him by an inspiration4 ,! man :o discov]s a cont95t has se5 x 9 idea be=e he sees x 9 reality4 ,if ,%akespe>e 0 an inspir$ man1 s 0 ,newton1 s 0 ,columbus1 s 0 ,"l ,bacon1 s 0 ,fau/ :5 he discov]$ pr9t+1 ,watt :5 he improv$ ! /eam eng9e1 & ,dagu]re :5 he f\nd out photographic pictures2 =1 9 all great discov]ies & inv5tions1 & 9 small ones too1 ! orig9al idea is an inspiration1 ?\gh x has to be work$ out me*anically by h>d ?9k+4 ,x w be se51 !n1 :at we und]/& by inspiration1 9 ?is g5]al s5se4 ,x is a m5tal sight1 correspond+ z ne>ly z any?+ c to physical sight4 ,x seems1 9 ! inspir$ mom5t1 z if we look$ into ano!r _w1 & saw new tru?s & facts !re4 ,we d n br+ !m up out ( our memory2 we see !m 9 all _! own fre% life & reality4 ,we d n ?9k !m out by an ef=t ( ! w2 we /& /ill & see !m4 ,all t our w has to d ) x is negative r ?an positive4 ,x is to keep (f di/urb+ influ5ces ( memory & s5se1 to hold ! m9d /ill1 att5tive1 receptive1 & ready4 ,if we believe 9 ^! inspirations1 we c ?us prep>e ! way = !m1 b no?+ m4 ,we c wait & look1 till ! vision is pres5t$1 & !n we %all see x2 b ?is is all4 ,! man ( g5ius is he :o believes 9 ^! inspirations1 & s looks = !m4 ,:at he %all see w dep5d on :at he looks =4 ,! man ^: ta/e is 9 ! _w ( imag9ation looks = =ms ( poetic or arti/ic beauty1 & s sees ^!4 ,e man looks = t :i* he is mo/ int]e/$ 91 :e!r he be metaphysician or me*anic4 ,! _w ( ideal beauty & tru?1 :i* ov]hangs ours1 has a ?\s& portals1 & we c pass 9 ?r\gh "o or ano!r1 & see t :i* suits our v>i\s ta/es & desires4 ,memory1 reflection1 & sight1--^! are ! ?ree s\rces ( our ?\ghts4 ,! inspir$ man is a se]--he has insight & =esight2 & ^! objects ( m5tal sight are to him m real & c]ta9 ?an any o!rs4 ,b he is unable to prove _! reality or ju/ify !m to ! sceptic4 ,& h5ce 8 fate is (t5 t ( ,cass&ra1--to be a true prophet1 b n to be believ$1 until by & by ! /r5g? ( 8 own conviction w9s its way1 & produces fai? 9 o!rs4 ,!re are1 !re=e1 two pr9cipal intellectual /ates ( ! m9d--! "o receptive1 ! o!r pla/ic2 ! "o by :i* x takes 9 tru?1 ! o!r by :i* x works x up into %ape4 ,by ! "o x obta9s ! sub/ance ( ?\ght1 by ! o!r ! =m ( ?\ght4 ,! "o may be call$ ! p]ceptive /ate1 ! o!r ! reflective /ate4 ,?us1 too1 we see t ! p]ceptive faculty may be ex]cis$ 9 two directions1 outw>dly & inw>dly4 ,x is ! same intellectual faculty :i*1 ?r\gh ! s5ses1 looks at & p]ceives ! outw>d mat]ial univ]se1 & ?r\gh ! m9d itself1 ! inw>d _w ( ?\ght4 ,x is ?is p[] ( look+ inw>d :i* gives u all t we call inspiration4 ,we h1 ?us1 outsight & insight4 ,!re is1 !n1 a univ]sal inspiration1 on :i* ! special inspiration ( ! ,old & ,new ,te/am5t re/s4 ,!re are inspir$ m5 & un9spir$ m54 ,!re are inspir$ writ+s & un9spir$ writ+s4 ,!re is a g5]al inspiration1 out ( :i* ! p>ticul> inspiration ( ,bible writ]s grew4 ,univ]sal inspiration is a g5us1 ( :i* ?is is a species4 ,we _c und]/& ! inspiration ( ! writ]s ( ! ,bible till we und]/& ?is univ]sal inspiration on :i* x re/s4 ,we c be/ expla9 ! special inspiration ( ,scripture by fir/ kn[+ ! g5]al inspirations ( mank9d4 ,mr4 ,em]son1 9 "o ( 8 poems1 call$ ! 8,problem10 describes ?is univ]sal inspiration4 ,he describes ,phidias z be+ inspir$ to make 8 ,jupit]1 z well z ! prophets to write _! burd5s4 ,he says ! ar*itect t made ,/4 ,pet]'s 0 guid$ by "s div9e in/9ct 9 8 he>t--he wr\ght 9 a sad s9c]ity4 ,he says we _c tell h[ su* build+s z ! ,p>!non & ,/4 ,pet]'s 7 built1 any m ?an h[ ! bird builds its ne/2 !y 7 =m$ by a natural ar*itecture2 !y grew z ! grass gr[s2 !y came out ( ?\ght's int]ior sph]e1 j z ! p9e tree adds a myriad ( new leaves to its old arms e ye>4 8,! passive ma/] l5t 8 h& ,to ! va/ s\l t o'er him plann$2 ,& ! same p[] t re>$ ! %r9e ,be/rode ! tribes t knelt )940 #e4 ,*ri/ian or ,sup]natural ,inspiration4 ,hav+ ?us spok5 ( inspiration 9 g5]al1 we proce$ to speak ( ,*ri/ian inspiration 9 p>ticul>4 ,*ri/ian inspiration is ! "w ( ! ,holy ,_s on ! he>t4 ,x is t influ5ce :i* came to ! apo/les1 & to all ,*ri/ians aft] ,jesus _h left ! e>?1 to unite !m inw>dly ) ,*ri/1 & to %[ !m ! true ,*ri/4 ,x is t ( :i* ,paul speaks1 :5 he says1 ,x pleas$ ,god to reveal 8 ,son 9 me4 ,all ,*ri/ians 7 baptiz$ ) ! ,holy ,gho/2 _h ! _s ( ,*ri/ dwell+ 9 !m2 7 l$ by ! _s ( ,god2 receiv$ ! _s ( adoption1 :i* bore witness t !y 7 ! sons ( ,god2 :i* help$ _! infirmities2 help$ !m to pray2 enabl$ !m to mortify ! de$s ( ! body1 & produc$ _m gifts & graces4 ,x is q c]ta9 t all ,*ri/ians 7 expect$ to p>take ( ?is ,*ri/ian inspiration4 ,?is enabl$ !m inw>dly to see & "k ,*ri/--! true ,*ri/4 ,& only ?us c\ld !y become truly 84 ,n[1 ! ,*ri/ian inspiration1 s necess>y at fir/1 is equally necess>y n[1 = its object is1 z x 0 !n1 to turn nom9al ,*ri/ians into liv+ ,*ri/ians2 to turn hi/orical ,*ri/ianity into vital ,*ri/ianity2 to enable ^? :o already "k ,*ri/ aft] ! fle%1 also to "k him aft] ! _s4 ,:at is x :i* we ne$ = com=t1 improvem5t1 usefulness8 ,we ne$ a liv+1 practical fai? 9 ,god's tru? & love4 ,we ne$ to see x z we n[ see ! outw>d _w4 ,we believe 9 ! inevitable retribution ( ,god's laws4 ,we ne$ to see ?is2 to see t selfi%ness is dea?1 & g5]osity life2 to see t humility is exaltation1 & t pride is abasem5t4 ,hav+ se5 law1 we ne$ also to see grace1 ! reality ( =giv5ess1 ! reality ( a ,fa!r's love4 ,we ne$ to see immortality & et]nity1 :ile we are yet surr\nd$ ) ! _w ( s5se & "t2 to see t ! two worlds are n two1 b "o1 all temporal ?+s hav+ _! roots 9 spiritual ?+s4 ,?is is :at we ne$ = com=t1 = no h>d%ip w\ld seem h>d :ile we 7 ?us look+ at ! ?+s :i* are et]nal1 & kn[+ t e light affliction works out an et]nal weight ( glory4 ,?is is :at we ne$ = improvem5t4 ,= no ef=ts at improvem5t c accompli% t :i* ?is inw>d inspiration c d4 ,x is a tide :i* be>s u on4 ,x takes f u ! weight ( ye>s4 ,x is ! sap :i* rises into e bran*1 p5etrates e twig1 swells ! buds1 exp&s ! leaves1 op5s ! blossoms1 rip5s ! fruit1 & causes univ]sal gr[?4 ,& x is :at we ne$ = usefulness4 ,= h[ me*anical & lifeless are ef=ts at usefulness :i* proce$ m]ely f ! s5se ( duty6 ,h[ bless$ are ^? :i* proce$ f a he>t fill$ ) love & peace6 ,*ri/ian inspiration1 !n1 reveals inw>dly ! _s ( ,*ri/1 & s gives u a new he>t1 & makes ( u new creatures4 ,x is ! mo/ ess5tial & vital "p ( ,*ri/ianity1 yet x is t "p ( ,*ri/ianity :i* is ! lea/ kn[n & priz$4 ,h[ _m dogmati/s !re are fight+ = doctr9es2 h[ _m c]emoniali/s e>ne/ ab\t =ms2 h[ _m consci5ti\s ,*ri/ians try+ h>d to d _! duties2--to "o spiritual ,*ri/ian1 ^: ,*ri/ianity consi/s 9 liv+ 9 ! _s1 t he may walk 9 ! _s6 ,"o reason = ?is seems to be ! preval5ce ( false views conc]n+ ! nature ( ,*ri/ian inspiration4 ,x has be5 reg>d$ z :olly diff]5t 9 its laws f o!r inspiration1 z an arbitr>y influ5ce )\t laws or conditions4 ,n[1 9 fact1 ! inspiration ( ! ,*ri/ian1 :ile x diff]s 9 its subject f t ( ! poet1 re/s on ! same m5tal faculty1 & has analog\s conditions4 ,! condition ( ! poet's inspiration is1 t lov+ ! outw>d beauty ( ! natural _w1 & fai?fully /udy+ its tru?1 he %\ld !n hold himself ready1 9 /rong desire1 to see1 inw>dly1 ideal tru? & ideal beauty4 ,& s ! ,*ri/ian1 believ+ 9 ! outw>d ,*ri/1 & lov+ him1 holds himself expectant ( an inw>d revelation ( t same ,jesus 9 8 glorifi$ & high] influ5ce4 ,all inspiration has its conditions & laws4 ,! poet's eye1 9 its f9e fr5zy1 mu/ look f heav5 to e>?1 & f e>? to heav54 ,8 inw>d inspiration is 9 /rict accordance ) 8 outw>d occupation & 8 outw>d fidelity4 ,e man is inw>dly inspir$1 accord+ to ! nature ( 8 outw>d "w4 ,%akespe>e _c discov] ,am]ica1 nor ,columbus write ,hamlet4 ,& x is only he :o believes 9 ,*ri/1 & s endeavors to obey & s]ve him1 :o receives an inw>d sight ( 8 ess5tial _s4 ,*ri/ian inspiration is n arbitr>y1 is n unnatural1 is n limit$4 ,x is ! life ( ,*ri/1 fl[+ /eadily & con/antly into all he>ts :i* are prep>$ = x1 :i* long = x1 & :i* hold !mselves ready to receive x4 ,we are ?us prep>$ to /ate m di/9ctly ! diff]5ce betwe5 inspiration 9 g5]al & ,*ri/ian inspiration 9 p>ticul>4 7a47 ,^! two inspirations resemble ea* o!r 9 result+ f ! ex]cise ( ! same m5tal faculties1 s9ce ! /ate ( m9d 9 bo? cases is n t ( reflection1 b p]ception2 & ! p]ception is inw>d p]ception4 ,newton fixes 8 m9d /eadily ^u ! confus$ ma!matical ?\ght )9 till x becomes cle>4 ,milton fixes 8 m9d ^u ! inw>d image ( ideal tru? & beauty till x gr[s s di/9ct t he c put x into correspond+ words4 ,columbus m$itates ^u ! ?\ght ( a ,we/]n ,cont95t till x seems s pla9 to him t he is ready to set sail = x4 ,& s ,paul & ,john look /eadily at ! ,*ri/ =m$ )9 !m till !y see cle>ly :at is ,*ri/'s ?\ght conc]n+ e "q1 e subject4 7b47 ,! two inspirations also are alike 9 ?is1 t ! tru? se5 is 9 bo? cases1 z to its sub/ance1 giv5 to u by ,god4 ,= ! tru?s se5 by ,newton1 ,milton1 ,desc>tes1 & ,columbus 7 n inv5tions ( !irs1 b div9e realities %[n to !m by ,god4 7c47 ,9 bo? cases ! =m ( ! tru? se5 comes f ! ex]cise ( ! human faculties ( ea* individual ^u ! sub/ance ?us giv54 ,= ,paul & ,john1 no less ?an ,newton & ,milton1 work$ up 9 _! own m9ds ! tru? se54 ,?is is evid5t f ! fact1 t1 :ile _! writ+s agree 9 cont5ts & sub/ance ) ea* o!r1 !y diff] f ea* o!r 9 =m & /yle4 ,ea* writ] ( ! ,new ,te/am5t has 8 own di/9ctly m>k$ /yle1 n only ( expression1 b also ( ?\ght4 7d47 ,!y are alike also 9 comb9+ tru? ( sub/ance ) fallibility ( /atem5t4 ,! sub/ance ( e inspir$ man's ?\ght is tru?1 because x is ! reality %[n to him by ,god4 ,! =m 9 :i* he expresses x v>ies m or less f ?is tru?1 because t comes f ! ex]cise ( 8 own f9ite faculties4 ,newton & ,milton look$ at ,god's tru?s1 & utt]$ !m z well z !y 7 able4 ,s did ,paul & ,john4 ,t ^! la/ 7 liable to err 9 matt]s ( /atem5t appe>s f ! fact t !y did err 9 "s matt]s1 z1 = example1 9 reg>d to ! spe$y com+ ( ,*ri/4 ,^! be+ ! resemblances betwe5 natural & sup]natural inspiration1 :at are diff]5ces8 7a47 ,! fir/ diff]5ce is 9 ! k9d ( tru?s se54 ,! tru?s se5 by ,newton & ,milton belong to ! natural _w1 ^? se5 by ,paul & ,john to ! sup]natural _w4 ,! sub/ance ( ! inspiration 9 ! "o case is nature1 9 ! o!r case x is ,*ri/4 ,int]c\rse ) nature _h f$ ! m9ds ( ,newton & ,milton ) ! tru?1 =m+ ! mat]ial ^u :i* _! inspiration c\ld "w4 ,int]c\rse ) ,*ri/1 9 ! fle% & 9 ! _s1 _h fill$ ! m9ds ( ,paul & ,john ) ! mat]ial on :i* _! inspiration c\ld be ex]cis$4 ,*ri/ _h come to !m outw>dly & inw>dly1 & ?is 0 ! sub/ance ( _! inspiration4 7b47 ,! inspiration ( ,newton & ,milton implies g5ius2 t is1 a special faculty 9 ea* individual4 ,?is possession ( g5ius1 or special faculty1 is a condition s9e qua non1 ( natural inspiration4 ,x is solit>y1 x is individual4 ,b ! inspiration ( ! writ]s ( ! ,new ,te/am5t does n imply g5ius4 ,( ! eight writ]s ( ! ,new ,te/am5t1 only "o1 viz41 ,paul1 appe>s to h be5 a man ( natural g5ius4 ,he 0 great by end[m5t1 ! o!rs 7 made great by _! inspiration4 ,9 ! "o case ! uncommon man f9ds wond]ful ?+s 9 ! common _w2 9 ! o!r case ! uncommon _w %[s wond]ful ?+s to ! common man4 7c47 ,natural & sup]natural inspiration diff] also 9 _! occasion4 ,a miracul\s ev5t1 namely1 ! com+ ( ,*ri/ inw>dly to _! s\ls on ! day ( ,p5teco/1 0 ! occasion ( ! apo/olic inspiration4 ,?is com+ ( ! ,holy ,gho/ 0 ! second ( ! two sup]natural ev5ts ( ,*ri/ianity1 ( :i* ! o!r 0 ! bir? ( ,*ri/4 ,! miracul\s ev5ts 9 ! life ( ,jesus may h be5 ! natural results ( ! com+ ( su* a be+ into ! _w4 ,! miracles ( ,*ri/'s life1 includ+ 8 resurrection1 may h be5 natural to a sup]natural be+4 ,!y are ! evid5ce ( a break 9 ! s]ies ( causation 9 ! outw>d _w4 ,9 l mann] ! inw>d com+ ( ,*ri/ to ! he>ts ( 8 disciples 9 :at is call$ ! influ5ce ( ! ,holy ,_s1 is ano!r sup]natural ev5t1 ! natural result ( :i* is ! f\nd+ ( ! ,*ur*1 ! writ+ ( ! ,new ,te/am5t1 & ! newly creat$ life 9 individual s\ls4 ,^! two inspirations1 !re=e1 diff] 9 _! sub/ance1 s\rce1 & me?od4 ,! sub/ance ( "o consi/s ( tru?s ( ! natural ord]1 ! o!r ( ! sup]natural ord]4 ,! s\rce ( "o is ! _w ( nature1 ! s\rce ( ! o!r is ! inw>d ,*ri/4 ,& ! me?od ( ! "o is t ( individual g5ius1 :i* is solit>y1 :ile ! me?od ( ! o!r is t ( love or communion4 #f4 ,inspiration ( ! ,scriptures1 especially ( ! ,new ,te/am5t ,scriptures4 ,we n[ pass on to ask1 ,:at is ! inspiration ( ! ,new ,te/am5t1 or ( its writ]s8 ,! writ]s ( ! ,new ,te/am5t _h no diff]5t inspiration f t ( all o!r ,*ri/ians4 ,we n[h]e he> ( any "o receiv+ an inspiration to enable him to write a ,gospel or an ,epi/le4 ,!y di/9ctly repel ! idea ( any su* special or di/9ct inspiration4 8,by "o _s we h all be5 baptiz$ into "o body1 & h be5 all made to dr9k into "o _s40 ,gifts are diff]5t1 b ! _s is "o & ! same 9 all4 ,b ev5 among ^! div]sities ( gifts1 no?+ is said ( any gift = writ+ ,gospels or ,epi/les4 ,probably1 !re=e1 ! inspiration by :i* ^! 7 writt5 0 precisely ! same z t by :i* !y prea*$ to ! ,g5tiles or taught 9 ! ,*ur*4 ,x 0 an inw>d sight ( ,*ri/1 an inw>d sight ( 8 tru? & love1 :i* enabl$ !m to speak & write ) au?ority--! au?ority ( ^? :o saw :at !y said1 & knew x to be true4 8,we speak :at we "k1 & te/ify :at we h se540 ,h5ce x is t we f9d 9 _! writ+s s mu* sub/ance1 s mu* compreh5siv5ess1 s mu* insight4 ,!y are 9 con/ant communion ) an invisible _w ( tru?4 ,!y describe :at is be=e _! eyes4 ,a book giv5 by inspiration is n a book made p]fect by miracle1 b a book1 ! writ] ( :i* 0 9 a /ate op5 to influ5ces f a high] sph]e4 ,all books :i* ! human race has accept$ z inspir$--,v$as1 ,koran1 ,z5dave/a--are sacr$ scriptures2 all t la/s is inspir$4 ,p]petuity1 n infallibility1 is ! sign ( inspiration4 8,! ^w unto ! prophet spok5 ,0 writ on tables yet unbrok52 ,! ^w by se]s or sibyls told ,9 groves ( oak or fanes ( gold ,/ill floats ^u ! morn+ w9d1 ,/ill :isp]s to ! will+ m9d4 ,"o acc5t ( ! ,holy ,gho/ ,! he$less _w has nev] lo/40 ,! fam\s pro(-text on ?is subject is t 9 ! ,second ,epi/le ( ,paul to ,timo?y3 8,all ,scripture is giv5 by inspiration ( ,god1 & is pr(itable = doctr9e1 repro(1 correction1 & in/ruction 9 righte\sness40 ,to :at ,scripture did ,paul ref]8 ,"s say to ! ,jewi% ,scripture4 ,"s say to ! ,jewi% & ,*ri/ian writ+s4 ,b ! ,*ri/ian writ+s 7 n !n all writt51 & 7 n collect$ into :at we call ! ,new ,te/am5t4 ,! apo/le does n limit himself to ^!4 ,he says1 8,all ,scripture is inspir$0--n m]ely ,jewi% or ,*ri/ian ,scripture1 b all sacr$ writ+4 ,all ! writ+s ( e age :i* are look$ ^u z ,scripture1 :i* m5 f age to age rev]5ce & honor z su*1 7 n ( man's inv5tion1 n ( man's device1 b came f "s irrepressible influ5ce act+ on ! s\l f )94 ,! poet be=e quot$ says truly1-- 8,out f ! he>t ( nature roll$ ,! burd5s ( ! ,bible old4 ,! litanies ( nations came1 ,l ! volcano's tongue ( flame1 ,up f ! burn+ cone bel[1 ,! canticles ( love & woe4 ,! h& t r\nd$ ,pet]'s dome1 ,& gro9$ ! aisles ( ,*ri/ian ,rome1 ,wr\ght 9 a sad s9c]ity4 ,himself f ,god he c\ld n free2 ,he build$ bett] ?an he knew2 ,! consci\s /one to beauty grew40 ,!re is a tru? 9 ?is--a pr(\nd tru?4 ,! ,bible is n an exceptional book 9 ?is1 t x has no p>allels 9 nature to its me?od ( production4 ,x is true t ,phidias 0 inspir$ to make 8 /atue & to build ! ,p>!non4 8,su* & s grew ^? holy piles1 ,:ile love & t]ror laid ! tiles4 ,e>? pr\dly we>s ! ,p>!non ,z ! be/ gem ^u h] zone1 ,& morn+ opes 9 ha/e h] lids ,to gaze ^u ! ,pyramids2 ,o'er ,engl&'s abbeys b5ds ! sky ,z on its fri5ds ) k9dr$ eye2 ,= out ( ?\ght's int]ior sph]e ,^! wond]s rose to upp] air40 ,:5 ,mr4 ,em]son & ,!odore ,p>k] comp>e 9 ?is way ! ,bible ) ! ,v$as or ! ,p>!non1 we (t5 feel t x degrades ! ,bible1 & takes away its special sanctity4 ,b ?is is n necess>ily ! case4 ,!re may be a wide gulf betwe5 ! inspiration ( ! ,bible & t ( ! ,v$as1 or ( ,hom] or ,plato2 & yet !y may all belong to ! same class ( works4 ,!re is a wide gulf betwe5 man & ! highe/ ( ! inf]ior animals2 & yet we put man into ! class ,,mammalia1 along ) ox51 :ales1 & cats1 & into ! same ,ord] ) apes & bats4 ,we d n ?9k t man is degrad$ by be+ ?us classifi$4 ,he occupies a di/9ct species 9 ?is ord] & class4 ,s ! ,new ,te/am5t & ,old ,te/am5t con/itute two di/9ct species1 ( :i* !y are ! sole repres5tatives ( "o g5us ( inspir$ books2 b t g5us belongs to ! same ord] z ! ,v$as1 ,edda1 ,z5dave/a1 & ,koran1 & t ord] belongs to ! same class z ! poems ( ,hom] & ,dante1 ! ar*itecture ( ! ,p>!non & ! ,/rasburg ,m9/]1 ! discov]y ( ,am]ica by ,columbus1 & ( ! law ( gravitation by ,newton4 ,! class ( works :i* we call inspir$ compreh5ds1 z we h be=e said1 all :i* come to man by a c]ta9 influx into 8 s\l--n by look+ out ( himself1 b by look+ into himself4 ,sometimes we g & se>* & f9d ?\ghts2 sometimes ?\ghts come & f9d u4 8,!y fla% ^u our inn] eye20 !y haunt u1 & pursue u1 & take possession ( u4 ,s ,columbus 0 haunt$ by ! idea ( a cont95t 9 ! we/2 s ,newton 0 haunt$ by 8 discov]y long be=e he made x2 s ! 8,p>adise ,lo/0 pursu$ ,milton long be=e x 0 writt54 ,e really great "w mu/ h 9 x m or less ( ?is elem5t :i* we call inspiration4 ,b :ile ! great works ( g5ius belong to ! class ( inspir$ works1 we make a di/9ct ord] out ( ! great religi\s works :i* h be5 ! sacr$ ,scriptures ( races ( m54 ,!y evid5tly came f a high] inspiration ?an ! works ( sci5ce & ! works ( art4 ,!y h rul$ m5's s\ls = ?\s&s ( ye>s4 ,^!1 !n1 we place 9 an ,ord] by !mselves1 & x is no discr$it to ! ,bible to be rank$ ) ! works ( ,confucius1 :i* h kept ! ,*9ese ord]ly1 peaceful1 indu/ri\s1 & happy = almo/ tw5ty-six c5turies4 ,b /ill1 among ^! sacr$ books ! ,bible may be said to con/itute a di/9ct g5us1 because x diff]s f all ! re/ 9 two ways--9 tea*+ ! hol9ess ( ,god & ! unity ( ,god4 ,! writ] has be5 a c>eful read] ( all ^! sacr$ books = tw5ty ye>s2 he has read !m ) respect2 9 no capti\s _s2 wi%+ to f9d 9 !m all ! tru? he c\ld4 ,he has f\nd 9 !m mu* tru?--mu* 9 accordance ) ,*ri/ianity4 ,b he sees a wide diff]5ce betwe5 !m all & ! ,bible4 ,!y are all pr(itable = doctr9e1 = repro(1 = in/ruction2 b !y are n ,holy ,scriptures 9 ! s5se 9 :i* we ascribe t ^w to ! ,bible4 ,! ,old ,te/am5t1 ?\gh hav+ 9 x _m h>% & h>d features1 belong+ to ! ,jewi% m9d1 has /ra9s :i* rise into a high] region ?an any?+ 9 ! ,v$as or ! ,z5dave/a4 ,! ,prov]bs ( ,solomon are ab\t on a level ) ! books ( ,confucius4 ,b n[h]e 9 all ^! ,e?nic ,scriptures are /ra9s l "s ( ! ,psalms--l passages 9 ,isaiah & ,j]emiah4 ,! laws ( ,m5u are l[ comp>$ ) ! ,p5tateu*4 ,b if ! ,old & ,new ,te/am5t make a g5us by !mselves1 !y divide aga9 into two species4 ,!re is a specific diff]5ce betwe5 ! ,new ,te/am5t & ! ,old4 ,! ,new ,te/am5t inspiration is ( a f> deep]1 high]1 & broad] "* ?an ! o!r4 ,9 fact1 we ought1 p]haps1 to make a special ord] by itself f ! ,new ,te/am5t writ+s4 ,!y are s full ( life1 light1 & love--!y are s /rong yet s t5d]--s pure yet s free6 ,!y h no cant ( piety1 no =malism1 b brea! ?r\gh\t a heav5ly atmosph]e4 ,_! inspiration is ( ! highe/ k9d ( all4 ,b :at is ?is ,holy ,_s8 ,:at does x tea*8 ,sci5tific tru?8 ,no4 ,sci5tific tru? has be5 taught ! _w by o!r *annels4 ,bacon & ,newton1 ,la ,place & ,cuvi]1 ,l9nu & ,de ,c&olle1 h be5 inspir$ to tea* sci5ce4 ,_! k came1 n only by obs]vation1 n only by /udy1 b by pati5tly op5+ _! m9ds to receive impressions f above4 ,7 ! writ]s ( ! ,bible inspir$ to tea* hi/ory8 ,we ?9k n4 ,!re are hi/ories ( ! ,jews 9 ! ,bible1 & !y are likely to be z au!ntic1 z hi/ories1 z are ^? ( ,h]odotus & ,livy1 & o!r pa9/ak+ & s9c]e hi/orians4 ,b ! special inspiration ( ! ,bible does n appe> 9 ! hi/oric books4 ,b are n all p>ts ( ! ,bible equally inspir$ by ?is ,holy ,_s8 ,by no means4 ,we c easily see t !y are n4 ,x is evid5t t !re is no?+ spiritually edify+ 9 a l>ge "p ( ! hi/ory ( ! ,old ,te/am5t--! acc\nt ( ,samson1 ! /ory ( ,gideon1 l>ge p>ts ( ! books ( ,judges & ,*ronicles1 ! ,song ( ,solomon1 ! book ( ,e/h]4 ,! book ( ,ecclesia/es is full1 ?r\gh\t1 ( a d>k & t]rible scepticism4 ,n[1 all ^! books are valuable1 exce$+ly s1 z hi/ory1 b n z proce$+ f ! ,holy ,_s4 ,b x may be said1 8,if ! hi/ory ( ! ,bible is n inspir$1 x may be errone\s40 ,c]ta9ly x may4 ,we h se5 t ! acc\nt ( creation 9 ! book ( ,g5esis is probably errone\s4 ,x conta9s "o great fai?1 lum9\s ?r\gh\t--namely1 t !re is "o ,god1 ,creator ( all worlds & ( mank9d4 ,b z to ! ord] ( creation1--! six days1 ! g>d5 ( ,ed51--all we c say is1 t !re may be "s way by :i* ,moses c\ld1 9 vision1 h se5 ^! ?+s1 repres5t$ 9 picture1 z !y happ5$ long be=e4 ,!re may be su* a k9d ( unveil+ ( ! pa/ be=e ! inn] eye ( ! s\l4 ,we d n d5y x1 = x is n wise to d5y :]e we "k no?+4 ,b we c ass]t t ,*ri/ianity does n require u to believe ^? *apt]s ( ,g5esis to conta9 hi/oric tru?4 ,x may be allegorical tru?4 ,x may be a p>able1 repres5t+ h[ e little *ild comes into an ,ed5 ( innoc5ce1 & is tempt$ by t wily s]p5t1 ! sophi/ical und]/&+1 & is betray$ by desire1 8 ,eve1 & goes out ( 8 g>d5 ( *ildhood1 :]e all life proce$s spontane\sly & by impulse1 into a _w ( "w & labor4 ,if x be su* an allegory z t1 x tea*es u q z mu* z if x 7 hi/ory4 #g4 ,au?ority ( ! ,scriptures4 ,we h se5 t ! ,bible1 ?\gh inspir$1 is n infallible4 ,b1 x is said1 unless ! ,bible is infallible x has no au?ority4 ,?is we d5y4 ,inspiration is n infallibility1 b inspiration is au?ority4 ,! inspir$ man is always an au?ority4 ,phidias & ,mi*ael ,angelo are au?orities 9 sculpture2 ,titian & ,rafaelle are au?orities 9 pa9t+2 ,moz>t & ,bee?ov5 9 music2 & ,paul1 ,john1 ,pet]1 9 religion4 ,au?ority )\t infallibility is ! problem be=e u4 ,x is evid5t t au?ority is desirable2 x is equally evid5t t infallibility is impossible4 ,c !re1 !re=e1 be ! "o )\t ! o!r8 ,c ,god reveal himself to man ?r\gh a fallible m$ium8 ,c ! writ]s ( ! ,new ,te/am5t be s inspir$ z to be able to communicate tru?1 & yet s inspir$ z n to be infallible8 ,to all ^! que/ions we answ]1 ,yes2 & w try to %[ x to be s4 ,suppose t y are go+ ?r\gh a =e/ 9 company ) o!rs4 ,y h lo/ y\r way4 ,no "o kn[s :i* way to g2 dang]s are ar\nd y--dang]s f cold1 hung]1 wild bea/s1 enemies4 ,if y g ! wrong way1 y may all p]i%2 if y g ! "r way1 y w rea* y\r de/9ation & be safe4 ,"u ^! circum/ances1 "o ( ! p>ty climbs a tree1 & :5 he has rea*$ ! top he cries out ) joy1 8,i see ! way we ought to g4 ,we mu/ g to ! "r4 ,i see ! ocean 9 t direction1 & ! spires ( ! city to :i* we are b\nd40 ,y all imm$iately g ! way t he directs4 ,he has become an au?ority to y4 ,y foll[ 8 guidance implicitly1 & put y\r lives into 8 h&s1 dep5d+ ^u ! tru? ( :at he says4 ,:y8 ,because he has be5 :]e y h n be51 & has se5 :at y h n se51 & y believe him hone/ & true4 ,he has no motive to deceive y4 ,?is is 8 au?ority4 ,b is x equival5t to infallibility8 ,by no means4 ,no "o supposes him to be infallible4 ,if1 aft] foll[+ 8 direction = a :ile1 y see no signs to %[ t y are 9 ! "r way1 y beg9 to ?9k t he may h be5 mi/ak51 & "s "o else climbs a tree to v]ify 8 judgm5t1 or to correct x4 ,b if1 in/ead1 signs beg9 to appe> to %[ t y are 9 ! "r way1 y\r fai? 9 y\r guide is confirm$1 & 8 au?ority is practically increas$4 ,:at gives a man au?ority z a guide1 tea*]1 c\nsellor1 is n our belief 9 8 infallibility1 b our belief 9 8 k2 if we believe t he kn[s some?+ we d n "k1 he becomes !reby an au?ority to u4 ,if he has be5 :]e we h n be51 & se5 :at we h n se51 he is an au?ority4 ,a man :o has j come f ,europe or f ,cali=nia1 :o has be5 9 ! mid/ ( a great battle1 :o has /udi$ a subject :i* o!rs h n /udi$1 & made himself famili> ) x1 su* a man is an au?ority to o!rs4 ,obs]ve m5 li/5+ to him4 ,all def] to him :ile he is speak+ on ?is subject4 ,he may be mu* m ignorant ?an !y are 9 reg>d to o!r ?+s1 b1 if he has _h sup]ior opportunities 9 reg>d to ?is subject1 he is an au?ority4 ,yet !y d n believe him infallible2 = if1 9 ! c\rse ( 8 conv]sation1 he says any?+ :i* seems contradictory1 incr$ible1 absurd1 !y beg9 to )draw _! confid5ce1 & may )draw x :olly4 ,b if1 on ! o!r h&1 :at he says is cle>1 consi/5t1 solid ) in=mation1 8 au?ority is increas$ cont9ually1 & 8 be>]s def] to him m & m4 ,n[1 ! au?ority ( ! writ]s ( ! ,new ,te/am5t is exactly ( ?is k9d4 ,! au?ority ( inspiration ev]y:]e is ( ?is k9d4 ,an inspir$ man is "o :o is believ$ to h be5 :]e we h n be51 & to h se5 :at we h n se54 ,9 ,coop]'s novels !re is a "* :om he calls ,lea!r/ock+1 famili> ) ! woods1 kn[+ all _! signs1 acqua9t$ ) ! habits ( bird1 bea/1 & ,indian4 ,he guides ! travell]s ?r\gh ! wild]ness1 &1 by 8 sup]ior k1 saves !m f ! ,indian ambu% & ! pursu+ savage4 ,!y commit !mselves implicitly to 8 guidance1 tru/ _! lives to him4 ,:y8 ,because !y confide 9 8 k ( woodcraft & 9 8 fidelity4 ,z reg>ds all matt]s p]ta9+ to ! =e/1 he is an au?ority2 _! tea*] if !y want in=mation1 _! guide if !y are ignorant ( ! way1 _! savi\r 9 imm95t p]il f savage bea/s & savage m54 ,he is an au?ority to !m1 a p]fect au?ority2 = !y confide 9 him entirely1 )\t a %ade ( d\bt4 ,b no "o ?9ks him infallible1 nor supposes x necess>y to believe him infallible1 9 ord] to tru/ him entirely4 ,j s a %ip on a lee %ore1 9 ! mid/ ( a driv+ /orm1 ?r[s up signal rockets or fires a gun = a pilot4 ,a :ite sail em]ges f ! mi/2 x is ! pilot-boat4 ,a man climbs on bo>d1 & ! capta9 gives to him ! comm& ( ! %ip4 ,all 8 ord]s are obey$ implicitly4 ,! %ip1 lad5 ) a preci\s c>go & hundr$s ( lives1 is confid$ to a r\gh-look+ man :om no "o ev] saw be=e1 :o is to guide !m ?r\gh a n>r[ *annel1 :]e to v>y a few fa?oms to ! "r or left w be utt] de/ruction4 ,! pilot is inve/$ ) absolute au?ority z reg>ds br++ ! vessel into port4 ,:5 ,columbus came back f 8 fir/ voyage1 & report$ ! discov]y ( ,am]ica1 0 he n an au?ority8 ,did n m5 ?rong ar\nd him1 to he> ( :at he _h se5 & done8 ,yet :o believ$ him infallible4 ,he :o has be5 :]e ,i h n be51 & se5 :at ,i h n se51 is an au?ority to me4 ,if ,i believe him hone/1 & no impo/or1 !n ,i le>n f him1 & dep5d on 8 te/imony4 ,n[1 ! writ]s ( ! ,new ,te/am5t h be5 :]e we h n be54 ,!y h asc5d$ heights1 & s\nd$ dep?s 9 ! spiritual _w unkn[n to u4 ,s !y are au?orities to u1 provid$ we h en\gh ( _! _s 9 u to enable u to see & "k _! inspiration4 ,=1 unless ,i h "s musical _s 9 me1 ,i _c disc]n ! inspiration ( ,moz>t2 unless ,i h "s ma!matical _s 9 me1 ,i _c disc]n ! ma!matical inspiration ( ,newton & ,kepl]4 ,s ! natural man 7! man :o has no?+ 9 him correspond+ to ! ,*ri/ian inspiration7 _c disc]n ! ?+s ( ! ,_s ( ,god2 = !y are fooli%ness to him1 = !y are spiritually disc]n$ or judg$4 ,he lives 9 ext]nal ?+s1 z babes d4 ,! au?ority ( ! ,_s 9 ! ,bible is t x awak5s & appeals to :atev] spiritual elem5t exi/s 9 our s\l1 & compels x to feel & admit its tru?4 ,jesus1 x is said1 9 giv+ ! ,s]mon on ! ,m\nt1 taught z "o hav+ au?ority1 & n z ! ,scribes4 ,:at 0 8 au?ority1 !n8 ,n (ficial au?ority1 = he 0 n yet kn[n to be ! ,*ri/1 h>dly yet kn[n to be a prophet4 ,n m]ely ! au?ority com+ f an impos+ mann]2 n an au?oritative air1 or tone1 or mann]1 c]ta9ly4 ,t 0 precisely ! tone & mann] :i* ! ,scribes did h 9 _! tea*+4 ,b ! au?ority is 9 ! ,s]mon itself4 ,its tru?s are s wond]fully di/9ct & self-evid5t1 !y c>ry conviction ) !m4 ,jesus sees s pla9ly all t he says--!re is no hesitation1 no obscurity1 no p]hapses 9 8 language4 ,he is l "o describ+ :at is be=e 8 eyes1 :at he kn[s to be true because he sees x :ile he is say+ x4 ,x is1 9 %ort1 ! au?ority :i* always att5ds k4 ,he :o kn[s any?+1 & c speak ) c]ta9ty1 c>ries conviction ) him1 ?\gh we d n suppose him to be infallible1 nor is x ?\ght necess>y to believe him s1 9 ord] to give to him ?is au?ority4 ,by su* examples1 we see t 9 e>?ly matt]s ( ! v highe/ importance we ascribe au?ority )\t suppos+ infallibility4 ,n[1 if we analyze ! s\rce ( ?is au?ority1 we %all f9d t x comes1 fir/1 f ! te/imony ( o!rs1 &1 secondly1 f our own exp]i5ce4 ,lea!r/ock+ comes recomm5d$ to ! travell]s z a skilful & fai?ful guide1 & !y tru/ him1 at fir/1 on ! simple gr\nd ( t recomm5dation4 ,b !y d n tru/ him entirely or fully on t gr\nd4 ,!y wat* him :ile !y tru/ him1--p]haps we ought r to say1 !y try him1 ?an t !y tru/ him4 ,b1 aft] !y h tri$ him day by day1 week by week1 & f9d him always skilful1 always fai?ful1 !y come to place a m & m implicit tru/ 9 8 guidance2 he becomes m & m an au?ority4 ,s ! pilot comes at fir/ recomm5d$ only by 8 (fice4 ,8 (fice implies ! te/imony ( ^? :o ought to "k t he is able to guide ! vessel into ! h>bor4 ,b if1 besides ?is1 !re is "s "o on bo>d :o kn[s 8 ability & fidelity by previ\s exp]i5ce1 & says1 8,we are all safe n[2 ?is is ! fam\s ,john ,smi? or ,william ,br[n1 ! be/ pilot 9 ! h>bor10 !n ev]ybody is ready to tru/ him m entirely4 ,k & fidelity1 n infallibility1 ^! make a man an au?ority to o!rs 9 ?+s p]ta9+ to ?is life--k & fidelity1 evid5c$ to u1 fir/ by ! te/imony ( o!rs1 & secondly by our own exp]i5ce4 ,te/imony leads u to try a man & tru/ him p>tially1 tru/ him1 b wat* him4 ,add to ?is our own exp]i5ce ( 8 k & fidelity1 & we tru/ him :olly4 ,!re are two worlds ( k--outw>d & inw>d4 ,k ( ! outw>d _w comes to u ?r\gh ! s5ses1 by obs]vation2 k ( ! inw>d _w comes to u ?r\gh ! consci\sness1 by insight or inspiration4 ,e man's k has come to him by bo? ( ^! me?ods4 ,! s\l has a p]ceptive p[] ) :i* x c look ei!r way4 ,x looks outw>d ?r\gh ! s5ses1 & p]ceives an ext]nal _w2 x looks inw>d ?r\gh ! consci\sness1 & p]ceives an int]nal _w4 ,x looks outw>d1 & p]ceives =ms1 he>s s\nds1 becomes acqua9t$ ) ext]nal nature4 ,x looks inw>d1 & becomes acqua9t$ ) ju/ice1 hol9ess1 love1 fre$om1 duty1 s91 immortality1 ! inf9ite1 ! et]nal1 ,god4 ,b j z x dep5ds on v>i\s conditions z to :at a man %all see ?r\gh ! s5ses 9 "t & space1 s x dep5ds on o!r conditions z to :at a man %all see beyond "t & space 9 ! spiritual _w4 ,! conditions 9 ! fir/ in/ance are1 good p]ceptive organs1 a g5ius = obs]vation1 educat$ p[]s = obs]vation1 k ( :at to obs]ve1 & f9ally opportunities = obs]vation1 or be+ able to g :]e ! ?+s are :i* are to be se54 ,a bl9d man /&+ 9 front ( ! ,p>!non w\ld be no au?ority to u z to its ar*itecture2 nei!r w\ld ! mo/ %>p-sight$ p]son :o %\ld happ5 9 be 9 ,am]ica1 in/ead ( ,greece4 ,s an ,indian1 ) ! f9e/ p]ceptive faculty1 & /&+ directly 9 front ( ?is maje/ic temple1 w\ld give a v poor acc\nt ( x1 f want ( previ\s k4 ,he1 only1 w\ld be an au?ority to u 9 reg>d to su* a build+1 :o %\ld comb9e ) good p]ceptive organs1 & "s k ( ! subject1 an opportunity = look+ at x4 ,:5 we speak ( inspiration1 we mean1 9 reg>d to ! inw>d _w1 exactly ! same ?+4 ,we mean t a man has 8 spiritual organs 9 a heal?y condition1 t he has "s k ( spiritual ?+s1 & t he has be5 plac$ by div9e ,provid5ce :]e he is able to see !m4 ,"s m5 are lift$ into a _w ( spiritual p]ception1 :5 !y see ?+s n se5 by o!r m54 ,!y become prophets1 apo/les1 lawgiv]s to ! human race4 ,!y are inve/$ ) au?ority4 ,m5 believe :at !y say1 & d :at !y comm&1 & put _! s\ls into _! h&s1 j z !y tru/ _! bodies to ! guide ( ! pilot4 ,^! are ! inspir$ m5--! m5 to :om revelations h be5 made4 ,!y h au?ority1 because !y h be5 :]e we h n be51 & se5 :at we h n se54 ,b !y h n infallibility1 because1 z ! apo/le says1 !y h ?is treasure 9 e>!n vessels4 ,?is div9e k is conta9$ 9 a f9ite1 & !re=e fallible m9d4 ,b we see by means ( our =m] illu/rations t to grant _! fallibility does n detract at all f _! au?ority4 ,& aga91 _! au?ority is c]tifi$ to u exactly z 9 ! o!r in/ances4 ,!y come recomm5d$ by ext]nal te/imony1 & on ! /r5g? ( t te/imony we confide 9 !m & try !m4 ,if we f9d t !y are n able to tea* u1 !y cease to be au?orities to u4 ,b if we f9d t !y are full ( tru?1 !y become our guides & tea*]s1 & _! au?ority is m & m confirm$2 t !y are good & true guides1 is evid5c$ by _! be+ able to guide u4 ,!y lead u into deep] dep?s ( tru? & love4 ,!y become ! tea*]s ( _! race4 ,! c5turies :i* pass add m & m weight to _! au?ority4 ,!y inspire u1 !re=e !y are !mselves inspir$4 ,x is no m necess>y1 aft] ?is1 to prove _! inspiration1 9 ! s5se :i* ,i h giv51 ?an to prove t ! sun %9es4 ,"o rem>kable illu/ration ( ?is process1 by :i* ! te/ ( ,scripture1 z inspir$1 is t x %\ld be pr(itable = doctr9e1 repro(1 & in/ruction1 is to be f\nd 9 ! ,epi/le ( ,b>nabas4 ,b>nabas introduc$ ,paul to ! apo/les at ,j]usalem1 & is call$1 9 ! book ( ,acts1 a good man1 & full ( ! ,holy ,gho/4 ,he 0 s5t on a mission to ,antio* by ! apo/les2 aft]w>ds 0 specially po9t$ out by ! ,holy ,gho/ to g ) ,paul on 8 mission4 7,acts #ac3b47 ,he is /yl$ a prophet 9 ?is place1 & we read t ! ,holy ,_s said1 8,sep>ate me ,b>nabas & ,saul = ! "w :]eunto ,i h call$ !m40 ,dur+ ?is mission ,b>nabas seems to h be5 ! m important ( ! two1 = at ,ly/ra ! p call$ him ,jupit]1 & ,paul ,m]cury4 ,b>nabas & ,paul appe>$ be=e ! fir/ c\ncil at ,j]usalem2 & ! apo/les1 9 _! lett]1 say1 8,our belov$ ,b>nabas1 & a man t has haz>d$ 8 life = ! "n ( ! ,"l ,jesus40 ,n[1 ?is ,b>nabas1 call$ an apo/le 9 ! book ( ,acts1 companion ( ,paul1 s5t on a mission by ! ,holy ,_s1 & comm5d$ by ! apo/les at ,j]usalem1 0 believ$ by ! e>ly ,*ur* to h writt5 an ,epi/le4 ,x is quot$ z 81 sev5 times by ,clem5t ( ,alex&ria1 9 ! second c5tury1 ?ree times by ,orig51 & by o!r writ]s4 ,accord+ly1 x 0 orig9ally includ$ 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t1 & = ne>ly f\r hundr$ ye>s made a "p ( x4 ,! olde/ manuscript ( ! ,new ,te/am5t 9 ! _w1 suppos$ to h be5 writt5 9 ! f\r? c5tury1 conta9s ! ,epi/le ( ,b>nabas2 & "o reason = believ+ ! manuscript s old1 is t x does conta9 x4 ,?is manuscript 0 f\nd by ! celebrat$ ,g]man critic ,tis*5dorf1 9 #ahei1 9 ! conv5t ( ,/4 ,ca?>9e1 at ,m\nt ,s9ai4 ,:y1 !n1 is n ?is ,epi/le ( ,b>nabas pr9t$ 9 our ,new ,te/am5t8 ,:oev] reads x w easily see ! reason4 ,x is because x does n des]ve to be !re2 x does n h ! m>ks ( a high inspiration2 x is made up 9 a great degree ( quotations f ! ,old ,te/am5t1 ( imitations ( ,/4 ,paul1 & ( allegories4 ,x evid5tly dropp$ out ( ! ,bible by its own weight4 ,x _h e opportunity (f]$ x to become a "p ( sacr$ ,scripture2 b be+ tri$ by ,paul's te/1 x 0 f\nd n to be pr(itable = doctr9e1 repro(1 or any?+ else1 & s ! copyi/s sav$ _! "t1 labor1 & vellum by leav+ x out4 ,x 0 receiv$ on te/imony1 & disc>d$ aft] exp]i5ce4 ,x _h au?ority at fir/1 because ( its suppos$ au?or2 x lo/ x aft]w>ds1 by means ( its empty self4 ,?is1 !n1 is ! au?ority ( ! writ]s ( ! ,bible4 ,x is ! au?ority ( inspir$ m5--m5 :o h be5 into spiritual regions :]e mo/ m5 h n gone1 & se5 :at mo/ m5 h n se54 ,x is n infallibility4 ,!y are capable ( mi/akes & error4 ,_! be+ 9 ! ,bible is only s f> a pro( t !y are inspir$1 z x gives ! te/imony ( ! ,*ur* t x has f\nd ! pro(s ( inspiration 9 _! writ+s4 ,! ,*ri/ian community has foll[$ ! apo/olic direction1 & tri$ ! spirits :e!r !y 7 ( ,god or n1 & has come to ! conclusion t ^! ,new ,te/am5t writ]s h ! m>ks ( inspiration4 ,= y w obs]ve t ! pres5t code ( ! ,new ,te/am5t 0 gradually =m$1 & t n by ! votes ( c\ncils or ! decisions ( bi%ops1 b by ! feel+s ( ! ,*ri/ian community4 ,an inw>d in/9ct1 & no ext]nal au?ority1 presid$ ov] ! collection ( ! ,scriptures1 gradually dropp+ out "s books 7l ,b>nabas1 ,h]mas1 & ! ,revelation ( ,pet]71 & tak+ 9 o!rs4 ,s ! ,*ri/ian ,*ur* says to u1 ( ! ,new ,te/am5t1 8,"h is a book conc]n+ :i* we te/ify t ! writ+s 9 x are pr(itable = doctr9e2 t its writ]s h sup]ior k 9 reg>d to spiritual ?+s2 t !y are inspir$ m51 :o h be5 tak5 up into a region :]e mo/ m5 h nev] gone1 & se5 :at mo/ m5 h nev] se51 & !re=e "k m ?an mo/ ( u ab\t spiritual tru?40 ,b y may say1 8,if inspiration gives k1 & ^! writ]s are inspir$1 !n !y d m ?an believe or ?9k :at !y say ab\t ,god1 duty1 & immortality4 ,!y "k2 & if !y "k1 does n t mean t !y are infallible80 ,no1 k is n infallibility4 ,x is true t inspiration gives k1 :ile speculation only gives op9ion4 ,?is is ! reason :y inspir$ m5 speak ) au?ority1 & philosoph]s )\t x4 ,b k1 ?\gh x gives au?ority1 does n give infallibility4 ,a ,fr5*man kn[s ! ,fr5* language2 /ill he may make mi/akes 9 speak+ x4 ,! man f ,cali=nia kn[s t c\ntry1 b he may be mi/ak5 ab\t x4 ,?us1 if ^! writ]s are n infallible1 !y may make mi/akes2 & if s1 h[ are we to di/+ui% betwe5 _! tru? & _! error8 ,?is is a fair "q3 let u try to answ] x4 ,let u return to our =m] comp>ison ( travell]s & _! guide4 ,h[ are y to di/+ui% betwe5 y\r guide's k & 8 errors8 ,probably1 :5 y\r guide beg9s to be unc]ta9 z to ! way1 he w %[ 8 unc]ta9ty 9 8 behavior4 ,he w become d\btful1 hesitat+1 undecid$2 he w1 by & by1 suppos+ him hone/1 beg9 to express 8 unc]ta9ty1 & say1 8,i am n q sure ( ?is pa?40 ,x is j s ) inspir$ writ]s4 ,:ile _! inspiration runs 9 a full tide1 !y speak confid5tly2 !y are di/9ct 9 _! /atem5ts4 ,aga91 if y\r guide beg9s to speak ( ?+s outside ( 8 prov9ce1 he does n c>ry mu* au?ority4 ,if ,lea!r/ock+ discusses ,%akespe>e1 or ! pilot beg9s to talk ab\t politics1 8 op9ions c>ry no weight except :at is inh]5t to !m4 ,s :5 ! writ]s ( ! ,bible1 leav+ !mes ( religion & morals1 describe natural objects1 z ! levia?an or behemo?1 we give no m cr$it to _! descriptions ?an we %\ld to ^? ( any o!r writ] ( _! day4 ,a "q w\ld arise "h :e!r hi/ory 0 a subject ( inspiration or n2 t is1 :e!r an inspir$ writ]1 :5 he comes to speak ( hi/oric facts1 has any m au?ority ?an ano!r4 ,!re may be "s way by :i* pa/ ev5ts might be pres5t$ by inspiration to ! m9d ( "o caught up by ! _s into ano!r _w4 ,b ! writ]s ( ! ,old & ,new ,te/am5t are c>eless ab\t dates & numb]s1 & d n seem to be made accurate by any special gift4 ,i %\ld1 !re=e1 incl9e to ! op9ion t ! hi/oric books ( ! ,bible h no au?ority except t ( _! reasonabl5ess & con=mity to :at we might believe on o!r gr\nds4 ,z fragm5ts ( hi/ory1 com+ f s remote a pa/1 !y are invaluable1 :5 we treat !m z simple1 hone/ records ( :at 0 !n believ$ or kn[n4 ,take1 = in/ance1 ! /ory ( ! deluge1 & comp>e x ) simil> /ories 9 o!r my?ologies4 ,we f9d x s corroborat$ by ^!1 t we may believe t !re is a basis ( reality 9 x4 #h4 ,! ,*ri/ian ,prepossession4 ,x is a great ?+ to read a book ) expectation in/ead ( di/ru/4 ,expectation op5s ! m9d to light1 & makes x easy to see4 ,di/ru/ closes x4 ,if ,i h read ,%akespe>e till ,i feel sure ( 8 poetic inspiration1 !n ,i read ) expectation all he writes2 ,i am look+ = tru? & beauty1 & s ,i f9d x4 ,if ,i _h nev] read ,%akespe>e1 nor he>d ( him1 & ,hamlet 7 put into my h&1 ,i %\ld probably be displeas$ ) some?+ or o!r1 & ?r[ x aside1 & s lose ! deepness & lovel9ess ( t wond]ful creation4 ,h[ mu* we f9d 9 ! words ( ,jesus & ,paul1 because we read !m ) expectation & hope6 because we read !m always look+ = :at is deep & high6 ,nev]!less _m p]sons recomm5d a contr>y c\rse4 ,!y say t we ought to =get all t has be5 told u ab\t ! ,book1 & read x z if we _h nev] se5 x be=e4 ,b ?is me?od is nei!r practicable nor desirable4 ,x is impossible to look at ! ,bible z ?\gh x 7 an unkn[n book2 impossible to =get t x is ! text book ( ,*ri/ianity2 reg>d$ z sacr$ by millions ( our fell[-m52 ! s\rce ( spiritual & moral life to ! _w = ! la/ fifte5 hundr$ ye>s2 t our p>5ts & fri5ds h f\nd 9 x /r5g? = duty1 com=t 9 trial1 hope 9 ! h\r ( dea?4 ,y might z well tell ! *ild :o beg9s to /udy geography to =get t he lives 9 ,am]ica1 or :5 he /udies ! hi/ory ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 to =get t x is ! hi/ory ( 8 own l&4 ,nor w\ld x be desirable to /udy ! ,new ,te/am5t ?us4 ,= x is ?is gr& belief conc]n+ x :i* makes u desire to /udy x at all4 ,7 x n = ?is belief x might be occasionally read by a /ud5t 9 ! int]e/ ( sci5ce1 b nev] by ! mass ( ! community4 ,fai? 9 its div9e orig9 & div9e purpose1 causes x to be read 9 families1 s*ools1 *ur*es1 to be us$ z a manual ( pray] 9 ! closet1 & to gr[ famili> 9 e home4 ,! ,book is surr\nd$ by a traditional halo ( wond]1 rev]5ce1 & hope1 & ?is gives u motive & p[] ) :i* to read x4 ,if a cold criticism1 a sceptical _s1 %all ev] succe$ 9 caus+ ! ,new ,te/am5t to be reg>d$ z a common book1 on ! natural plane ( human ?\ght1 full ( errors & imp]fections1 inspir$ only z ,plato is inspir$1 !n x w be read z ,plato is read1 t is1 by "o man 9 a million4 ,x is n desirable to lose ! rev]5ce :i* causes u to expect extraord9>y tru? & good 9 c]ta9 books1 m51 & in/itutions2 = s we lose ! be/ motive p[] ( ! s\l2 s life becomes tame1 ! day empty1 & ev5ts unmean+4 ,x is1 !re=e1 p]fectly "r = ! ,*ur* to surr\nd ,*ri/ & ,*ri/ianity ) ?is div9e aureola ( rev]5ce & wond]1 n exagg]at+ x1 b nei!r und]/at+ x4 ,= ?is wond] & rev]5ce1 :5 legitimate1 is a great treasure ( spiritual life1 animat+ & elevat+1 :i* ! ,*ur* possesses 9 ord] t x may communicate x4 ,x is cont9ually proclaim+ its good news2 con/antly ass]t+ t ?r\gh ,*ri/ ,god has giv5 x a div9e peace2 t 9 ,*ri/ !re is a m>vell\s tru? & beauty2 & t ! ,gospels & ,epi/les1 :i* conta9 8 life & tru?1 h a /range p[] ( rais+ u above ourselves1 & br++ u into communion ) an et]nal _w4 ,:5 ?is is said1 n by rote1 or z a m]e =m1 b f s9c]e conviction1 ! _s ( fai? creates fai?1 & fai? is ! great motive :i* leads to action4 ,z x is ! duty ( ! ,*ur* to excite our int]e/ 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t1 by decl>+ its own love & respect = x1 s x is "r = ! /ud5t ( ! ,new ,te/am5t to give a c]ta9 prelim9>y weight to ?is te/imony ( ! ,*ur* 9 comm5c+ 8 /udy4 ,?is is :at we call ! ,*ri/ian prepossession4 ,& x reg>ds ! ,new ,te/am5t exactly z :5 a fri5d ^: judgm5t we respect e>ne/ly recomm5ds to u "s book :i* he has read1 & :i* has done him good4 ,he recomm5ds x to u z a good book1 & he recomm5ds x ) en?usiasm4 ,8 en?usiasm produces 9 u a desire to become acqua9t$ ) ! book1 & a c]ta9 hope t we %all f9d 9 x :at our fri5d has f\nd4 ,?is hope leads on t[>ds fruition1 & is "o ( its conditions4 ,x ought n1 !re=e1 to be rel9qui%$2 b nei!r %\ld x lead u to accept bl9dly ev]y?+ :i* we are told4 ,we mu/ look ) our own eyes1 ?9k ) our own m9d1 feel ) our own he>t4 ,to wi% to come to ! /udy ( ! ,bible )\t prepossession 9 its favor is1 !re=e1 a fooli% wi%2 =1 )\t prepossession 9 its favor1 we %\ld h little motive = /udy+ x at all4 ,x is our fai? 9 ! ,bible t leads u to read x2 & fai? "h1 z ev]y:]e1 is ! motive p[] :i* reason has only to guide & re/ra94 ,fai? is ! brave /e$ :i* c>ries u =w>d1 full ( fire & full ( pride4 ,reason is ! bridle by :i* he is guid$1 support$1 & re/ra9$4 ,!re is a /ory ( a ?ief s skilful t he c\ld /eal a man's horse f "u him )\t 8 kn[+ x1 & s leave him hold+ ! bridle 9 8 h&1 & suppos+ himself to be /ill on horseback4 ,s are ^? deceiv$ :o ?9k to live by reason )\t fai?4 ,! motive p[] ( _! life has be5 tak5 away f !m1 & !y d n "k x2 !y suppose t !y c ride ) a bridle & saddle1 )\t a horse4 ,to read ! ,new ,te/am5t to any purpose1 we mu/1 !re=e1 read ) ! fai? t !re is "s great good to be got f x4 ,b :at is ! true f\ndation ( ?is fai?8 ,is x legitimate1 or is x an illusion8 ,! basis ( ?is fai? is to be f\nd 9 ! fact t ! ,bible has done s mu*1 & is do+ s mu*1 = ! _w--a fact :i* _c be /at$ bett] ?an 9 ^! words ( "o :o is n commonly suppos$ to h too high a rev]5ce = ! ,bible3-- 8,?is collection ( books has tak5 su* a hold on ! _w z no o!r4 ,! lit]ature ( ,greece1 :i* goes up l inc5se f t l& ( temples & h]oic de$s1 has n half ! influ5ce ( ?is book f a nation alike despis$ 9 anci5t & mod]n times4 ,x is read ( a ,sabba? 9 all ! t5 ?\s& pulpits ( our l&4 ,9 all ! temples ( ,*ri/5dom is its voice lift$ up week by week4 ,! sun nev] sets on its gleam+ page4 ,x goes equally to ! cottage ( ! pla9 man & ! palace ( ! k+4 ,x is wov5 into ! lit]ature ( ! s*ol>1 & colors ! talk ( ! /reet4 ,! b>k ( ! m]*ant _c sail ! sea )\t x1 no %ip ( w> g to ! conflict b ! ,bible is !re4 ,x ent]s m5's closets2 m+les 9 all ! grief & *e]fulness ( life4 ,! affianc$ maid5 prays ,god 9 ,scripture = /r5g? 9 h] new duties2 m5 are m>ri$ by ,scripture4 ,! ,bible att5ds !m 9 _! sickness2 :5 ! fev] ( ! _w is on !m4 ,! a*+ head f9ds a s(t] pill[ :5 ! ,bible lies und]nea?4 ,! m>9]1 escap+ f %ipwreck1 clut*es ?is fir/ ( 8 treasures1 & keeps x sacr$ to ,god4 ,x goes ) ! p$l] 9 8 cr[d$ pack2 *e]s him at ev5tide1 :5 he sits d[n du/y & fatigu$2 bright5s ! fre%ness ( 8 morn+ face4 ,x blesses u :5 we are born2 gives names to half ,*ri/5dom2 rejoices ) u2 has sympa?y = our m\rn+2 temp]s our grief to f9] issues4 ,x is ! bett] "p ( our s]mons4 ,x lifts man above himself2 our be/ ( utt]$ pray]s are 9 its /ori$ spee*1 :]e) our fa!rs & ! patri>*s pray$4 ,! timid man1 ab\t awak+ f ?is dream ( life1 looks ?r\gh ! glass ( ,scripture1 & 8 eye gr[s bright2 he does n fe> to /& alone1 to tread ! way unkn[n & di/ant1 to take ! dea?-angel by ! h&1 & bid f>ewell to wife1 & babes1 & home4 ,m5 re/ on ?is _! de>e/ hopes4 ,x tells !m ( ,god1 & ( 8 bless$ ,son2 ( e>?ly duties & ( heav5ly re/4 ,fooli% m5 f9d x ! s\rce ( ,plato's wisdom1 & ! sci5ce ( ,newton1 & ! art ( ,raphael4 ,m5 :o believe no?+ else t is spiritual believe ! ,bible all ?r\gh2 )\t ?is !y w\ld n confess1 say !y1 ev5 t !re 0 a ,god40--,!odore ,p>k]1 ,disc\rse ( ,religion4 ,a book :i* ex]cises ?is great influ5ce ov] our fell[-m5 ought to be approa*$ ) rev]5ce4 ,x is = ! same reason t we approa* ) fai? & expectation ! writ+s ( ,%akespe>e & ,milton4 ,we read !m expect+ to f9d 9 !m great tru?s1 & ?is expectation enables u to f9d !m4 8,seek & ye %all f9d0 is ! law4 ,h[ (t5 we %\ld h be5 disappo9t$ & dissatisfi$ ) su* books1 & h ?r[n !m aside impati5tly1 _h we n rememb]$ ! great univ]sal te/imony to _! surpass+ excell5ce6 ,?is ,*ri/ian prepossession is1 h[ev]1 only a g5]al confid5ce t !re is some?+ exce$+ly good 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t2 t x is a book conta9+ 9 "s way a div9e revelation1 9 "s way or o!r inspir$1 9 "s way likely to be a great help & com=t to our spiritual nature1 & ! be/ guide we c h = ?is life & t[>ds ! next4 ,x is an expectation ( all ?is1 an expectation bas$ on ! te/imony ( mank9d4 ,s f> x is a reasonable expectation4 ,s f> x is "r & j to ent]ta9 x4 ,x is ! natural inh]itance to :i* we 7 born1 by be+ born ,*ri/ians4 ,to ?r[ x away1 or to try to ?r[ x away1 w\ld be z ?\gh "o %\ld try to ?r[ away ! habits ( civilization :i* he inh]its by be+ born 9 a civiliz$ community1 & try to g back & />t z a savage4 ,x is nei!r m futile nor m fooli% 9 ! "o case ?an 9 ! o!r4 ,b1 ?\gh ?is ,*ri/ian prepossession is a p]fectly legitimate "o ) :i* to beg91 x is n a legitimate "o 9 :i* to rema94 ,x is our bus9ess1 by ! free action ( our intellect1 to *ange ?is g5]al & vague expectation into a di/9ct op9ion ( "o k9d or ano!r4 ,prote/antism all[s u to take our fai? 9 ! ,bible f ! ,*ur*1 b n to take f ! ,*ur* our op9ions ab\t ! ,bible4 ,fai? may1 & ought to be1 receiv$1 b op9ions are to be =m$4 ,an op9ion or belief receiv$ f ano!r man is 8 op9ion1 & n ours4 ,) reg>d to any o!r book ?is w\ld be self-evid5t4 ,= example1 suppose t ,i h nev] read ! play ( ,hamlet4 ,i he> x univ]sally spok5 ( z "o ( ! greate/ works ( ! human intellect4 ,t naturally & prop]ly creates 9 my m9d ! expectation ( f9d+ x s4 ,x produces ! g5]al belief t x is a great "w ( g5ius4 ,b suppose t1 besides ?is g5]al expectation1 ,i %\ld also accept f my neighbors _! p>ticul> op9ions conc]n+ ! play4 ,i he> !m say t x is m philosophical1 b less dramatic1 ?an ,macbe?2 t ! "* ( ,hamlet is ov]*>g$ ) intellect1 & ! l4 ,if1 n[1 ,i adopt & repeat ^! op9ions1 )\t hav+ read ! play1 x is evid5t t ,i am only a p>rot or an e*o4 ,x is evid5t t !y are n my op9ions at all1 & t !y inde$ int]f]e ) my hav+ any op9ions4 ,fifty ?\s& e*oes ( a voice leave u only "o voice & fifty ?\s& e*oes4 ,?is di/9ction betwe5 fai? & op9ion1 :i* we h already spok5 (1 is ( ! utmo/ practical importance4 ,we may add "h t1 = want ( x1 intellectual p try to g to ! /udy ( ! ,bible )\t fai? 9 ! ,bible1 & religi\s p ?9k !y mu/ accept all _! op9ions f o!rs1 & take !m 9 ready made4 ,x is n absolutely ess5tial to h op9ions2 b if we d h !m1 !y ought to be our own4 ,fai? mu/ be receiv$1 op9ions mu/ be =m$4 ,all p]sons1 !re=e1 ought to =m op9ions = !mselves ab\t ! ,new ,te/am5t4 ,!y may br+ to ! "w a fai? 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t1 z be+ 9 "s s5se or o!r a revelation1 z be+ writt5 9 "s way or o!r by inspir$ m51 z be+ someh[ or o!r a holy book1 ! legitimate s\rce ( spiritual life1 moral goodness1 & inw>d peace4 #i4 ,conclusion4 ,if ! views giv5 9 ?is *apt] are reasonable1 we %all conclude t ,or?odoxy is "r 9 ma9ta9+ ! supreme excell5ce & value ( ! ,*ri/ian ,scriptures1 b wrong 9 claim+ = !m infallible accuracy4 ,x is "r 9 say+ t !y are writt5 by inspir$ m51 b wrong 9 consid]+ ?is inspiration a gu>antee aga9/ all possible error or mi/ake4 ,x is "r 9 call+ ! ,bible 8,! ,holy ,scripture10 b wrong 9 d5y+ to ! scriptures ( o!r religi\s "s div9e influx & "s religi\s life4 ,x is "r 9 ask+ t ! ,bible be read ) fai? & expectation2 wrong 9 dem&+ = x unreason+1 uncritical submission4 ,let rev]5ce = its _s & criticism ( its lett] g h& 9 h&2 = rev]5ce & criticism1 fai? & reason1 docility to great ma/]s & fre$om 9 seek+ = ourselves1 are antagoni/1 inde$1 b n contradictory4 ,!y are n ho/ile1 b helpful1 ?\gh act+ 9 opposite directions--l ! opposition ( ! ?umb & f+]s 9 ! human h&1 :i* makes ( x su* a wond]ful s]vant ( ! ?\ght4 ,!y belong to ! gr\p ( si/]ly p[]s :i* ! ,creator has plac$ 9 ! human s\l--v>i$1 complex1 l & unlike4 8,facies non omnibus una1 ,nec div]sa tam51 qualis decet esse sororum40 ,,*apt] ,,vi4 ,,or?odox ,,idea ,,( ,,s91 ,,z ,,depravity ,,& ,,z ,,guilt4 #a4 ,! ,"q /at$4 ,we n[ approa* ! or?odoxy ( ,or?odoxy--! sy/em ( s9 & r$emption1 :i* con/itutes its mo/ ess5tial "*4 ,! que/ions hi!rto treat$--! natural & sup]natural1 miracles1 ! ,scriptures--belong to univ]sal religion4 ,on ^! po9ts h]etics & ! ,or?odox may agree4 ,b ! ess5ce ( h]esy1 9 ! eyes ( an ,or?odox man1 is to v>y f ! /&>ds ( belief 9 reg>d to s9 & salvation4 ,we comm5ce ) ! subject ( human s9fulness2 9 o!r words1 ) ! "* ( man 9 relation to ,or?odoxy4 ,! !ology ( ! ,ea/ ask$1 8,:at is ,god80 & ent]$ on its c\rse f ! specially !ological side4 ,x began ) ontology1 & proce$$ to psy*ology4 ,9 ?is1 ,ori5tal !ology foll[$ 9 ! pa? ( ,ori5tal philosophy4 ,b ,occid5tal !ology1 orig9at+ /rictly ) ,augu/9e1 foll[$ ! practical & exp]im5tal me?od ( ,european ?\ght1 &1 in/ead ( ask+1 8,:at is ,god80 ask$1 in/ead1 8,:at is man80 ,we beg91 !re=e1 ) ! great "q1 8,:at is man80 ,?is is ! radical "q 9 practical1 exp]im5tal !ology1 z ! "q1 8,:at is ,god80 is ! radical "q 9 speculative !ology4 ,b we are n[ conc]n$ 9 ! !ology ( exp]i5ce & ( life4 ,we are seek+ = human wants4 ,kn[+ :at man is1 we c next ask :at he ne$s4 #b4 ,! f\r ,mom5ts or ,*>act]s ( ,evil4 ,! ,fall1 ,natural ,depravity1 ,total ,depravity1 ,inability4 ,or?odoxy answ]s ! "q1 8,:at is man80 by say+1 8,man is a s9n]20 & ?is answ] has ^! f\r mom5ts3-- #a4 ,man 0 creat$ at fir/ righte\s & good4 #b4 ,man fell1 9 & ) ,adam1 & became a s9n]4 #c4 ,all n[ born are born totally corrupt & evil2-- #d4 ,& are utt]ly disabl$ to all good1 s z n to h ! p[] ( rep5t+1 or ev5 ( wi%+ to rep5t4 ,^! f\r ideas are1-- ,fir/1 t ( ,,! ,,fall1 or ,,inh]it$ ,,evil4 ,second1 ( ,,natural ,,depravity4 ,?ird1 ( ,,total ,,depravity4 ,f\r?1 ( ,,inability4 ,^! po9ts are fully /at$ 9 ! foll[+ passage f ! 8,assembly's ,confession ( ,fai?10 *ap4 #f3-- 8#a4 ,our fir/ p>5ts1 be+ s$uc$ by ! subtlety & temptation ( ,satan1 s9n$ 9 eat+ ! =bidd5 fruit4 ,?is _! s9 ,god 0 pleas$1 accord+ to 8 wise & holy c\nsel1 to p]mit2 hav+ purpos$ to ord] x to 8 own glory4 8#b4 ,by ?is s9 !y fell f _! orig9al righte\sness1 & communion ) ,god2 & s became dead 9 s91 & :olly defil$ 9 all ! faculties & p>ts ( s\l & body4 8#c4 ,!y be+ ! root ( all mank9d1 ! guilt ( ?is s9 0 ,,imput$1 & ! same dea? 9 s91 & corrupt$ nature1 ,,convey$1 to all _! po/]ity1 desc5d+ f !m by ord9>y g5]ation4 8#d4 ,f ?is orig9al corruption1 :]eby we are utt]ly indispos$1 disabl$1 & made opposite to all good1 & :olly incl9$ to all evil1 d proce$ all actual transgressions4 8#e4 ,?is corruption ( nature dur+ ?is life do? rema9 9 ^? t are reg5]at$2 & al?\gh x be1 ?r\gh ,*ri/1 p>don$ & mortifi$1 yet bo? itself & all ! motions !re( are truly & prop]ly s94 8#f4 ,e s91 bo? orig9al & actual1 be+ a transgression ( ! righte\s law ( ,god1 & contr>y !reunto1 do? 9 its own nature br+ guilt ^u ! s9n]1 :]eby he is b\nd ov] to ! wra? ( ,god & curse ( ! law1 & s made subject to dea?1 ) all mis]ies1 spiritual1 temporal1 & et]nal407#ac7 ,we assume ! 8,assembly's ,cate*ism0 z almo/ ! /&>d ( ,or?odoxy4 ,x 0 prep>$ ) ! concurr5ce ( ! be/ m9ds 9 ,engl&1 9 an age :5 !ological discussion _h %>p5$ all wits 9 t direction4 ,?or\ghly ,calv9i/ic1 x is also a wond]fully cle> & precise /atem5t ( ,calv9ism4 ,fram$ aft] long controv]sies1 x _h ! advantage ( all ! di/9ctions :i* are made only dur+ controv]sy4 ,x is a =tress made def5sible at all po9ts1 because x has be5 attack$ s (t5 t all its weak places h be5 se5 & m>k$4 ,x is a ma/]piece ( /atem5t4 ,n[1 x is v easy1 & :at has (t5 be5 done1 to /& on ! outside & %[ ! actual error & logical absurdity ( ?is cre$2 to %[ t m5 are n by nature totally deprav$1 & t1 if !y 71 ?is w\ld n be guilt2 t1 if !y h no p[] to rep5t1 !y are n to blame = n rep5t+2 & t ,god1 z a ,god ( ju/ice ev5 7to say no?+ ( m]cy1 ( love1 ( a heav5ly ,fa!r71 _c condemn & puni% u = a deprav$ nature inh]it$ f ,adam4 ,x is easy to say all ?is4 ,b x has (t5 be5 said2 & ) :at result8 ,unit>ians h be51 by su* argum5ts1 confirm$ 9 _! ,unit>ianism2 b ! ,or?odox h n1 by su* argum5ts1 be5 conv9c$ ( ! falsity ( _! cre$4 ,let u see1 !n1 if we _c f9d "s tru? 9 ?is sy/em1--"s vital1 exp]im5tal tru?1--= ! sake ( :i* ! ,or?odox cl+ to ^! imm5se & incr$ible inconsi/5cies4 ,let u take an inside view ( ,or?odoxy1 & see :y1 be+ unreasonable1 x yet comm5ds itself to s _m m9ds ( ! highe/ ord] ( reason4 #c4 ,or?odox & ,lib]al ,view ( ,man1 z morally diseas$ or o!rwise4 ,let u beg9 ) ! sub/ance ( ,or?odoxy 7neglect+1 at pres5t1 its =m71 & say1 9 g5]al1 t x reg>ds human nature z be+ 9 an abnormal or diseas$ condition4 ,! fir/ ?+ to be done ) man1 accord+ to ,calv9ism1 is to cure him4 ,_m sy/ems1 diff]+ f ea* o!r 9 "n1 agree 9 ?is--t !y d n believe 9 any su* diseas$ condition ( man4 ,accord+ to !m1 he is n to be cur$1 b to be educat$4 ,! ,*ur* is n a hospital1 b an academy4 ,man ne$s1 ma9ly1 in/ruction4 ,8 purposes1 9 ! ma91 are "r2 b he errs z to :at he has to d4 ,:at he requires is precept & example4 ,z ,or?odoxy believes man to be diseas$1 its object is tw(old1 & ! tru?s :i* x employs are ( two k9ds4 ,fir/1 x seeks to conv9ce man t he really has a dang]\s disease2 & !n to conv9ce him1 t1 by us+ ! "r means1 he c be cur$4 ,x !re=e con/antly dwells ^u two classes ( tru?s3 fir/1 ^? :i* reveal man's s9fulness & 8 ru9$ condition2 &1 secondly1 ^? :i* reveal ! plan ( sav+ him f ?is condition--a plan :i* has be5 devis$ by ! ,almighty1 & :i* is accompli%$ 9 ,*ri/ianity4 ,or?odoxy dwells ^u s9 & salvation3 ^! are its two pivotal doctr9es4 ,on ! o!r h&1 all ! sy/ems :i* may be associat$ "u ! t]m 8,lib]al ,*ri/ianity0 reg>d man1 n z 9 a /ate ( disease1 & ne$+ m$ic9e1 b z 9 a /ate ( heal?1 ne$+ diet1 ex]cise1 & favorable circum/ances1 9 ord] t he may gr[ up a well-develop$ individual4 ,x reg>ds s91 n z a radical disease ) :i* all are born1 b z a tempor>y malady to :i* all are liable4 ,x does n1 !re=e1 ma9ly dwell on s9 & salvation1 b on duty & improvem5t4 ,man's nature x reg>ds1 n z radically evil1 b z radically good2 & ev5 z div9e1 because made by ,god4 ,"h1 !n1 9 ! doctr9e ( evil1 lies ! ess5tial di/9ction betwe5 ! two great s*ools ( ?\ght :i* h divid$ ! ,*ur*4 ,:at is evil8 & h[ is x to be reg>d$8 ,?is is1 p]haps1 ! mo/ radical "q 9 ,*ri/ian !ology4 ,is evil positive1 or only negative8 ,is x a reality1 or only a =m8 ,:at is x8 ,:5ce comes x8 ,until ^! que/ions are exhau/ively discuss$1 !re is little hope ( union 9 !ology4 #d4 ,s9 z ,disease4 ,we reg>d ,or?odoxy z sub/antially "r 9 its views ( s9 z be+ a deep & radical disease4 ,our ,savi\r says1 8,i came n to call ! righte\s1 b s9n]s1 to rep5tance40 8,! ,son ( man came to seek & to save t :i* is lo/40 ,b ! "q recurs1 ,is !re only "o k9d ( s91--namely1 volunt>y & consci\s transgression ( ,god's law1 orig9at+ ) ! individual himself1 & 9 ! mom5t ( committ+ x1 by means ( 8 free w1 :i* is its only seat8 or is !re s9 :i* is a t5d5cy 9 man's nature1 some?+ p]man5t1 involunt>y1 ( :i* he is n consci\s1 & :i* has its seat n m]ely 9 ! w1 b 9 ! desires & affections4 ,to ?is "q ,lib]al ,*ri/ianity has commonly said1 8,no10 & ,or?odoxy has said1 8,yes40 ,& on ?is po9t ,i concur ) ,or?odoxy4 ,besides ! s9 :i* consi/s 9 free *oice1 & :i* is ess5tially transi5t1 !re is also ! s9 :i* consi/s 9 wrong desire1 & :i* is ess5tially p]man5t1 because x is a habit ( ! m9d4 ,if x 7 n s1 !re c\ld be no su* ?+ z a bad "*1 & no su* ?+ z a vici\s habit4 ,if we attempt to analyze evil1 we %all f9d t x may be conv5i5tly di/ribut$ into ^! divisions3-- #a4 ,,physical ,,evil4 7a47 ,pa94 7b47 ,weakness4 7c47 ,physical disease4 #b4 ,,intellectual ,,or ,,m5tal ,,evil4 7a47 ,ignorance4 7b47 ,error1 or mi/ake4 7c47 ,sophism1 or falsehood4 #c4 ,,moral ,,evil4 ,,disob$i5ce ,,to ,,! ,,moral ,,law4 7a47 ,ignorant & accid5tal1 or transgression4 7b47 ,habitual disob$i5ce1 or vice4 7c47 ,wilful violation ( human law2 crime4 7d47 ,diseas$ moral /ate1 z selfi%ness1 bad temp]1 c4 #d4 ,,spiritual ,,evil4 7a47 ,wilful ali5ation f ,god1 or p]v]se *oice4 7b47 ,spiritual inability4 ,n[1 we see t 9 all ^! divisions ( evil1--physical1 intellectual1 moral1 & spiritual1--x is f\nd 9 ! two =ms ( active & passive evil4 ,9 ! latt] =m x is disease1 & indep5d5t ( ! w4 ,return+1 !n1 to ! ,or?odox view ( evil1 :i* x is our bus9ess to exam9e1 we f9d already t x has ! advantage ( ! ,lib]al !ology 9 recogniz+ ?is passive side ( evil1 :i* we may call disease4 ,x is true t ,or?odoxy has n yet succe$$ 9 com+ to any cle>ness on ?is "q1 & has n yet any firm1 intellectual hold ( ! ma9 po9ts ( its argum5t4 ,examples ( ?is confusion are q common4 ,n to g back to ! ,calv9i/ic & ,arm9ian controv]sies1 :i* 7 b a revival ( ! ,augu/9ian & ,pelagian dispute2 n to recur ev5 to ! ,hopk9sian & ,edw>dian discussions1--we h only to ref] to ! diff]5ces betwe5 new & old s*ool !ology 9 ! ,presbyt]ian ,*ur*2 to ! trial ( ,dr4 ,bee*]2 to ! book ( 8 son ,edw>d2 to ! div]g5ce ( ,&ov] f ,new ,hav51 & ,pr9ceton f ,&ov]4 ,unsettl$1 because sup]ficial1 views ( evil are at ! roots ( all ^! controv]sies4 #e4 ,doctr9e ( ! ,fall 9 ,adam1 & ,natural ,depravity4 ,_! ,tru? & ,error4 ,! fir/ po9t ( ! doctr9e ( evil reg>ds ! ,fall1 includ+ ! doctr9e ( depravity4 ,mod]n ,fr5* philosoph]s h dwelt mu* on :at !y call ! solid>ity ( ! human race4 ,by ?is !y mean t two individuals are n indep5d5t ( ea* o!r1 l two trees /&+ side by side1 b l two buds on ! same tree or b\gh4 ,!re is a common life-sap fl[+ ?r\gh !m all4 ,let ! life ( ! tree be attack$ any:]e1--9 its roots1 its trunk1 its limbs1--& all ^! individual buds feel x4 ,yet ea* bud has also a life ( its own1 & develops its own /alk1 leaves1 blossom1 fruit4 ,x c be tak5 f its own tree1 & put into ano!r tree1 & gr[4 ,s x is ) sep>ate m5 graft$ into ! great tree ( mank9d4 ,no "o lives to himself1 nor dies to himself4 ,if "o suff]s1 all suff]4 ,! life ( mank9d1 becom+ diseas$1 p\rs disease into all individual m54 ,n[1 is !re n some?+ 9 ?is doctr9e to :i* our in/9cts ass5t8 ,d n we feel x true t we inh]it n our own life m]ely1 b t ( our race8 & is n ?is ! ess5tial tru? 9 ! doctr9e ( ! fall8 ,x is true t we fell 9 ,adam4 ,x is also true t we fell 9 e act ( s91 9 e weakness & folly1 ( any subsequ5t *ild ( ,adam4 ,we are all drawn d[nw>d by e s92 we are lift$ upw>d1 too1 by e act ( h]oic virtue1 n by example only1 b also by t my/]i\s influ5ce1 t subtile contagion1 f9] ?an any?+ visible1 pond]able1 or tangible1--t efflu5ce f eye1 voice1 tone1 mann]1 :i*1 accord+ to ! "* :i* is beh9d1 communicates an impulse ( fai? & c\rage1 or an impulse ( c[>dice & untru?2 :i* may be transmitt$ onw>d1 =w>d1 on e side1 l ! wid5+ circles 9 a di/urb$ lake1--circles :i* meet & cross ea* o!r )\t di/urbance1 & ^: influ5ce may be /rictly illimitable & inf9ite4 ,no d\bt1 s9 began ) ! hi/orical ,adam--! fir/ man :o liv$4 8,by "o man s9 ent]$ into ! _w1 & dea? by s940 ,b /ill m true is x t we fell 9 ! typical ,adam--,adam :o /&s = innoc5t1 ignorant human nature be=e temptation2 true/ ( all1 t we fall 9 ,adam1 because we are1 ea* ( u1 at fir/ an ,adam4 ,we are all 9 ! g>d52 we are at fir/ plac$ 9 p>adise2 & ea* has 9 himself all ! f\r dramatis p]son--,adam1 ,eve1 ! ,s]p5t1 & ! ,voice ( ,god4 ,adam is ! w1 ! p[] ( *oice1 ! mascul9e elem5t1 9 man2 ,eve is ! affection1 ! desire1 ! fem99e elem5t1 9 man2 ! ,voice ( ,god is ! high] reason 9 ! s\l1 ?r\gh :i* inf9ite tru? comm&s1--i4e41 ! high] law2 & ! ,s]p5t1 ! l[] reason 9 ! s\l1 ! cunn+ elem5t1 ! sophi/ical und]/&+1 :i* c put evil = good1 & good = evil4 ,! g>d5 is our e>ly innoc5ce1 :]e !re is no /ruggle1 no remorse1 no anxiety2 :]e goodness is n labor1 b impulse4 ,b1 :5 we g out ( ! g>d51 we ent] a life ( trial1 till we rea* ! high] p>adise1 ! k+dom ( heav52 & !n joy & duty become "o aga94 ,!n-- 8,love is an un]r+ light1 ,& joy its own security40 ,f p>adise1 ?r\gh ! _w1 to heav52 f ,egypt1 ?r\gh ! wild]ness1 to ,canaan2 f innoc5ce1 ?r\gh temptation1 s91 rep5tance1 fai?1 to reg5]ation1--su* is ! progress ( man4 ,to me1 ! belief t ,i fell 9 ,adam is n an op9ion fraught only ) sadness4 ,?is tide ( life :i* comes p\r+ ?r\gh me comes f t5 ?\s& ance/ors4 ,all _! sorr[s & joys1 temptations & /ruggles1 s9s & virtues1 h help$ to make x :at x is4 ,i am a memb] ( a great body4 ,i am will+ to be s--to be> ! =tunes & mis=tunes ( my race4 ,x is true t ,i f9d evil t5d5cies 9 me1 :i* ,i did n cause2 b ,i "k1 t1 = :atev] "p ,i am n ! cause1 ,i am n acc\ntable4 ,= ?is "p ( my life ,i d n dread ! wra?1 b r claim ! pity1 ( my ,god4 ,my nature ,i f9d to be diseas$--n well2 ne$+ cure1 & n m]ely food & ex]cise4 ,i c1 !re=e1 ! m easily believe t ,god has s5t me a physician1 & t ,i %all be cur$ by him4 ,i c believe 9 a future emancipation f ^! t5d5cies to vanity1 s5suality1 indol5ce1 ang]1 wilfulness1 impati5ce1 ob/9acy--t5d5cies :i* are1 9 me1 n crime1 b disease2 & ,i c see h[ to say ) ,paul1 8,n[1 !n1 x is no m ,i t d x1 b ,,s9 ,,t ,,dwelle? ,,9 ,,me40 ,if1 n[1 we return to ! consid]ation ( ! ,or?odox doctr9e ( ! fall1 z set =? by ! ,we/m9/] ,assembly1 we %all f9d x to be half true & half false4 ,x /ates truly 7*ap4 #f1 #a7 t our fir/ p>5ts s9n$1 & also 7 #b7 t by ?is s9 !y fell f _! orig9al righte\sness2 = ?is only means t ! fir/ consci\s act ( disob$i5ce by man produc$ ali5ation f ,god1 & deg5]acy ( nature4 ,?is 0 no arbitr>y puni%m5t1 b ! natural consequ5ce4 ,! cre$ also says truly 7 #c7 t ?is corrupt$ nature 0 convey$ to all _! po/]ity2 = ?is only means1 t1 by ! laws ( desc5t1 good & evil qualities are transmitt$2 :i* all wise obs]v]s ( human nature knew to be ! fact4 ,x is also true 7 #e7 t ?is corrupt nature does rema9 7to "s ext5t at lea/71 ev5 9 ! reg5]ate1 9 ?is life4 ,s f>1 s true4 ,s91 z disease1 began ) ! fir/ man1 9 8 fir/ s91 & has be5 transmitt$1 by physical1 moral1 & spiritual influ5ces1 f him to u all4 ,b n[ we f9d complicat$ ) ^! tru?s o!r /atem5ts1 :i* we mu/ ne$ reg>d z falsehoods4 ,tri$ ei!r by reason or ,scripture1 !y are palpably untrue1 & are v dang]\s errors4 ,! fir/ error ( ,or?odoxy is 9 decl>+ transmitt$ or inh]it$ evil to be total4 ,x decl>es t our fir/ p>5ts 87 :olly defil$ 9 all faculties & p>ts ( s\l & body10 & t we1 9 consequ5ce1 8are utt]ly indispos$1 disabl$1 & made opposite to all good1 & :olly incl9$ to all evil40 ,?is /atem5t is indef5sible4 ,b we %all consid] ?is 9 ano!r section on 8,total ,depravity10 & only allude to x n[ 9 pass+4 ,ano!r error1 h[ev]1 & a v important "o1 is to attribute ! guilt ( ,adam & ,eve to _! desc5dants4 ,?is is ! fam\s doctr9e ( imputation1 :i* is n[ reject$ by all ! lead+ s*ools ( mod]n ,or?odoxy4 ,t we c be guilty ( ,adam's s91 ei!r by imputation or 9 any o!r way1 seems too absurd & immoral a /atem5t to be n[ receiv$4 ,b ?\gh _m intellig5t ,or?odox tea*]s & believ]s d n[ reject ! imputation ( ,adam's s91 !y admit :at is j z false & j z immoral a doctr9e4 ,!y make u guilty = t "p ( s9 :i* is depravity1 z well z = t :i* is wilful4 ,:atev]1 ei!r ( moral good or moral evil1 proce$s f our nature1 & n f our w1 has no "* ( m]it or dem]it4 ,! reason is evid5t1 & is /at$ by ! apo/le ,paul4 ,we are only guilty = :at we d ourselves1 we are only m]itori\s = :at we d ourselves3 b :at our nature does1 we d n d4 8,n[1 !n1 x is no m ,i t d x1 b s9 t dwelle? 9 me40 ,pr(essor ,%$d1 late ( ,&ov]1 "s ye>s ago publi%$ a v able essay 9 ! 8,*ri/ian ,review10 ! title ( :i* 01 8,s9 a ,nature1 & t ,nature ,guilt40 ,?is title is a suffici5t refutation ( ! essay4 ,a man c\ld n utt] a m palpable contradiction1 if he said1 8,! sun solid1 & t solid fluid10 or1 8,! e>? black1 & t black :ite407#ad7 ,!re are two k9ds ( moral good & two k9ds ( moral evil1 :i* are ess5tially diff]5t4 ,! two k9ds ( moral good may be nam$ moral virtue & moral beauty2 ! two k9ds ( moral evil may be nam$ guilt & depravity4 ,n[1 s f> z goodness proce$s f a beautiful nature1 x is n virtu\s1 & s f> z s9 proce$s f a deprav$ nature1 x is n guilty4 ,we c conceive ( an angelic nature ) no capacity ( virtue1 because incapable ( guilt4 ,we c also conceive ( a nature s deprav$ z to be incapable ( guilt1 because incapable ( virtue4 #f4 ,exam9ation ( ,romans1 #e3ab-ba4 ,! fam\s passage 9 ,paul 7,rom4 #e3ab-ba71 :i* is ! direct scriptural f\ndation claim$ = ! doctr9e ( ,adam's fall produc+ guilt 9 8 po/]ity1 is 9 reality a support ( our view4 ,! only o!r passage 7#a ,cor4 #ae3bb7 :]e ,adam is ref]r$ to1 decl>es t we all die 9 him1 b by no means ass]ts t we s9 9 him4 ,! passage ref]r$ to runs ?us 7,rom4 #e3ab-ah73-- ,v]se #ab3 8,z by "o man s9 ent]$ into ! _w10-- 7,paul "h ref]s to ! fact t s9 ,,began ) ! fir/ man47 8,& dea? by s920-- 7,by means ( ! s9 ( "o man1 dea? ent]$47 8,& s dea? pass$ ^u all m51 = t all h s9n$40 7,r 8dea? came ^u all m51 because all h s9n$40 ,! ,vulgate has "h 9 quo1 89 :om20 t is1 9 ,adam4 ,s ,augu/9e4 ,b ev5 ^? :o1 l ,ol%aus51 cont5d = ,augu/9e's views1 admit t "h is a conjunction1 equival5t to because1 & n a relative47 ,! next five v]ses 7#ac1 #ad1 #ae1 #af1 #ag7 con/itute a p>5!sis1 & ref] to an objection :i* is n /at$4 ,"s "o might say1 8,h[ c\ld all s91 f ,adam to ,moses1 :5 !re 0 no law till ,moses8 & y1 ,paul1 h said 7,rom4 #d3ae71 t #8:]e !re is no law !re is no transgression4' 0 ,paul replies t 8s9 is n imput$ )\t law20 t is1 z ,i ?9k evid5t1 x is n reg>d$ z guilt4 ,a man :o s9s ignorantly is n guilty2 b he suff]s ! consequ5ces ( 8 s91 :i* are depravity ( 8 nature1 or moral dea?4 8,s9 is n imput$10 says ,paul2 8b dea? reigns40 ,^? :o d n s9 8aft] ! similitude ( ,adam's transgression10--t is1 :o d n violate a positive comm&1--nev]!less are deprav$ morally1 & are dead spiritually4 ,! ,hott5tots & ,fejee ,isl&]s violate no positive law giv5 !m by ,god1 & consequ5tly are n guilty ( t2 b because !y violate 7ev5 ignorantly7 ! laws ( _! moral nature1 !y are deprav$ morally4 ,we see1 !n1 t ,paul di/9ctly recognizes ! di/9ction made above betwe5 s9 z guilt & s9 z depravity4 ,he di/+ui%es betwe5 s9 z s9fulness1 or unconsci\s transgression 7 71 & s9 z consci\s transgression ( a kn[n comm& 774 ,! consequ5ce ( ! fir/ is dea?1 or moral & spiritual depravity2 ! consequ5ce ( ! second is condemnation1 or a s5se ( guilt4 ,s9fulness1 br++ ) x depravity 7! g5]al demoralization ( human nature71 began ) ,adam4 ,all became involv$ 9 s9fulness1 & consequ5tly all p>took ( ! depravity :i* belongs to x z its wages4 ,x %\ld1 h[ev]1 be obs]v$ t x is n ! purpose ( ,paul to tea* any?+ ab\t ,adam4 ,8 int5tion is to tea* some?+ ab\t ,*ri/4 ,he ref]s to ,adam's case z some?+ !y all are acqua9t$ )2 he comp>es ,*ri/'s case ) x bo? by contra/ & resemblance4 ,b 8 object is n to in/ruct u ab\t ,adam1 b ab\t ,*ri/4 ,he uses ,adam z an example to en=ce 8 doctr9e ab\t ,*ri/4 ,?r\gh ,*ri/1 goodness & happ9ess 7 to come into ! _w4 ,he illu/rat$ ?is fact1 & made x appe> probable1 by ! fact :i* !y already knew--t ?r\gh ,adam s9 & dea? _h ent]$ ! _w4 ,if x seem$ /range1 9 an age 9 :i* m5 7 s disunit$1 t "o man %\ld be ! m$ium ( communicat+ goodness to ! :ole human race1 !y might rememb] t ,adam also _h be5 ! m$ium ( introduc+ s9 to ! :ole human race4 ,if ! ,jews wond]$ t ,*ri/ %\ld br+ salvation to ^? :o 7 n "u ! law1 !y might rememb] t ,adam _h br\ght dea? to ^? n "u ! law1 & :o did n s9 z he did4 ,if !y d\bt$ h[ ,*ri/'s goodness c\ld help to make m5 righte\s1 !y might rememb] t 9 "s way ,adam's transgression _h help$ to make m5 s9n]s4 ,yet1 aft] all1 ! ma9 fact :i* he /ates is 9 ! twelf? v]se1 *apt] five--8t by "o man s9 ent]$ into ! _w1 & dea? by s940 ,?is am\nts to say+ t s9 began ) ,adam4 ,!n he adds1 9 ! same v]se1 8t dea? has pass$ ^u all m51 because all h s9n$40 ,he !re=e di/9ctly decl>es t e man is puni%$ = 8 own s91 & n = ! s9 ( ,adam4 ,9 ! o!r passage 7#a ,cor4 #ae3bb71 ,paul says1 8,z 9 ,adam all die1 ev5 s1 9 ,*ri/1 %all all be made alive40 ,he does n say "h1 ei!r t 8all s9n$ 9 ,adam10 or t 8all fell 9 ,adam10 or t 8all di$ 9 ,adam40 ,x is ! pres5t t5se1 8all die 9 ,adam40 ,:at he means by ?is1 he expla9s himself aft]w>ds4 ,he tells u t z 8s\ls0 desc5d$ f ,adam1 we are liable to dea?2 z spirits quick5$ by ,*ri/1 we are fill$ ) spiritual & immortal life4 ,9 ! =ty-f\r? v]se he gives ! explanation4 ,! body 8is s[n a natural body0 7 7--lit]ally a s\l-body1 a body vitaliz$ by ! s\l4 8,x is rais$ a spiritual body0--lit]ally _s-body 7 71 a body vitaliz$ by ! _s4 8,!re is a s\l-body1 & !re 9 a _s-body40 8,& s x is writt51 ,! fir/ man1 ,adam1 0 made a liv+ s\l0 7:i* is a quotation f ,g5esis #b3g--8;& man became a liv+ s\l071 8b ! la/ ,adam10 says ,paul 7mean+ ,*ri/71 8became a life-mak+ _s40 ,b1 cont9ues ,paul1 ! s\l-man 7psy*ical man7 comes fir/2 ! spiritual-man aft]w>ds1 accord+ to a regul> ord]4 8,! fir/ man is ( ! e>?1 e>?y2 ! second is ! ,"l f heav540 ,& !n he adds1--& ?is is ! key to ! :ole passage1--8,z we h borne ! image ( ! e>?y1 we %all also be> ! image ( ! heav5ly40 ,! doctr9e1 !n1 is pla9ly ?is3 t we h two natures--a s\l-nature1 :i* we d]ive f ,adam1 & %>e ) all mank9d1 :i* nature is liable to weakness1 s91 & dea?2 & a _s-nature1 :i* we d]ive f ,god1 :i* ,*ri/ comes to quick5 & vitalize1 & ! life ( :i* con/itutes our true immortality4 ,! apo/le ,paul1 !re=e1 does n by any means tea* ,calv9ism4 ,! ,cate*ism says t 8our fir/ p>5ts be+ ! root ( all mank9d1 ! guilt ( _! s9 0 imput$ to all _! po/]ity40 ,b ,paul says1 8,s dea? pass$ ^u all m51 because all h s9n$40 ,! ,cate*ism says t 8?is same dea? 9 s91 & corrupt$ nature1 be+ convey$ to _! po/]ity1 makes u utt]ly indispos$ & opposite to all good10 & t 8f ?is orig9al corruption d proce$ all actual transgressions40 ,b if ?is is s1 !re has be5 no su* ?+ 9 ! _w z guilt s9ce ,adam fell4 ,if all actual transgressions proce$ f orig9al corruption1 & orig9al corruption comes f ! fir/ transgression ( ,adam1 x logically foll[s t !re has be5 b "o s9 committ$ 9 ! _w s9ce x 0 made1 namely1 ! s9 ( ,adam4 ,all o!r s9s h be5 pure mis=tunes2 8 alone 0 guilt4 ,8 transgression alone came f a free *oice2 all o!rs h come f an involunt>y necessity ( nature4 ,no?+ c be m c]ta9 f reason & ,scripture ?an ?is--t transgressions :i* come f a corrupt nature are j s f> done 9 u1 & n done by u4 ,?is ! apo/le di/9ctly affirms :5 he says 7#g3ag71 8,n[1 !n1 x is no m ,i t d x1 b s9 t dwelle? 9 me40 ,no man is responsible = disease1 :5 he has n br\ght t disease on himself1 b inh]it$ x f 8 ance/ors4 ,! disease may make him v odi\s1 v disagreeable1 b _c make him blamable4 ,!re=e1 :5 ,calv9 says t h]$it>y depravity 8r5d]s u obnoxi\s to ! div9e wra?10 he utt]s an absurdity4 ,?is confusion ( ideas runs ?r\gh all ,or?odox /atem5ts on ! subject1 & ! only cure is1 t we %\ld le>n h[ to make ?is di/9ction betwe5 natural evil & moral evil1 or ! evil :i* proce$s f a corrupt nature & ! evil :i* comes f a free w4 ,if we 7 to sum up ! doctr9e ( ! apo/le ,paul on ?is subject1 x w\ld be ?us3-- #a4 ,! fir/ man1 ,adam1 consi/$1 z we all consi/1 ( nature & w4 ,8 nature consi/$ ( innoc5t t5d5cies & appetites4 ,none 7 excessive2 all 7 well balanc$4 ,8 nature incl9$ him no m to evil ?an to good1 b ea* faculty 0 9 prop] poise4 ,! fir/ s91 !re=e1 c\ld n h be5 a gross "o2 x 0 a simple transgression2 b its effect 0 to introduce :at ! apo/le calls dea?2 t is1 a diseas$ or corrupt nature4 ,! process is ?is3 ,) ! fir/ consci\s & free transgression !re arises a s5se ( guilt4 ,?is s5se ( guilt leads ! s\l away f ,god4 ,adam & ,eve hide 9 ! g>d54 ,e act ( s9 t5ds to create a habit1 & s de/roys ! moral equipoise4 ,!re h5ce arises a t5d5cy t[>ds evil1 & f good2 & ?is is call$ dea?1 because x takes u away f ,god1 :o is ! s\rce ( life4 #b4 ,a t5d5cy t[>ds evil is ?us introduc$ into ! _w by ! transgression ( ! fir/ man4 ,8 desc5dants are n[ born ) a nature :i* is n 9 equipoise1 b :i* leans m t[>ds evil ?an t[>ds good4 ,_! w rema9s free z be=e2 b !y _c p]=m ! same am\nt ( good z be=e4 ,^! corrupt t5d5cies tempt to great] s9 ?an ! pure t5d5cies did1 &1 :5ev] yield$ to1 br+ a great] am\nt ( moral evil into ! race4 #c4 ,?+s1 !re=e1 are ?us gr[+ worse cont9ually2 = e new act ( s9 makes x easi] to s9 aga94 ,& ?is t5d5cy to dea?1 or e/rangem5t f ,god1 mu/ g on increas+1 unless "s antagoni/ pr9ciple c be communicat$ to ! race4 ,?is is actually done by ,jesus ,*ri/4 ,! pr9ciple ( life :i* ,*ri/ introduces consi/s 9 reconciliation to ,god4 ,s9 sep>ates u f ,god1 & !re=e t5ds to dea?4 ,*ri/ reconciles u to ,god1 & s gives life4 ,! way 9 :i* ,*ri/ reconciles u to ,god is by manife/+ ,god's p>don+ & sav+ love to ! s9ful s\l4 ,9 8 own life1 b especially by 8 dea?1 he communicates ?is p>don+ love1 & s produces ! atonem5t4 ,?is is ! c5tral1 ,paul9e view ( ! relation ( ,adam & ,*ri/ to ! race4 ,adam introduces dea? into ! _w3 ,*ri/ introduces life4 ,he does n speak at all ( imputation1 or transf] ( guilt2 b he speaks ( an actual communication ( dea? & life4 ,adam & ,*ri/ bo? /& 9 actual1 & n m]ely ideal1 connection ) ! :ole race ( man4 ,adam is a liv+ s\l2 ,*ri/1 a life-giv+ _s4 ,by inh]itance1 we receive a deprav$ life ( ! s\l f ,adam2 by communion1 we receive an et]nal or spiritual life f ,*ri/4 ,&1 9 reg>d to bo? ( ^! acts1 ! notion ( blame or m]it is entirely exclud$4 ,we are n to blame = our inh]it$ depravity d]iv$ f ,adam4 ,we des]ve no cr$it = ! salvation :i* comes to u f ,*ri/4 ,! comp5sation = ! mis=tune ( inh]it$ evil is ! free gift ( div9e goodness 9 ,jesus4 ,we h ?us consid]$ ! tru? & ! error conta9$ 9 ! ,or?odox doctr9e ( ! fall4 ,! tru? ( x is 9 its ass]tion ( a depravity ( nature1 to :i* we are liable 9 consequ5ce ( ance/ral s9s3 ! error is 9 imput+ guilt to u 9 consequ5ce ( !m4 #g4 ,or?odox ,view ( ,total ,depravity & ,inability4 ,9 speak+ ( ! fall ( man1 we necess>ily anticipat$ some:at ! doctr9e ( total depravity4 ,/ill1 we mu/ say some?+ fur!r on ?is doctr9e1 because x is s important 9 ! ,*ur* sy/em3 x is1 inde$1 at its f\ndation4 ,^? :o accept1 9 its /rictness1 ! doctr9e ( total depravity _c avoid any po9t ( ! sev]e/ ,calv9ism4 ,s*lei]ma*] has %[n1 9 8 8,essay on ,election10 t ?is latt] doctr9e necess>ily foll[s ! doctr9e ( total depravity2 =1 if man is :olly deprav$1 he has no p[] to d any?+ = 8 own conv]sion2 !re=e ,god mu/ d x4 ,& if "s are conv]t$1 & n o!rs1 x mu/ be because ,god *ooses to conv]t "s1 & does n *oose to conv]t o!rs4 ,let u look1 !n1 at :at ,or?odoxy says ( ! ext5t ( human depravity4 ,9 all ! pr9cipal cre$s1 ?is is /at$ to be unlimit$4 ,man's s9 is total & entire4 ,!re is no?+ good 9 him4 ,! ,we/m9/] ,confession & ! ,confession ( ! ,new ,engl& ,congregational *ur*es describe him z 8dead 9 s91 & :olly defil$ 9 all ! faculties & p>ts ( s\l & body40 ,o!r cre$s use simil> language4 ,9 consid]+ ?is !ory1 we are /ruck at fir/ by ! circum/ance1 t ! ,bible gives x v little support4 ,! ,bible cont9ually speaks ( man z a s9n]2 b !re are v few texts :i* c1 )\t /ra9+1 be made to seem to tea* t he is totally deprav$4 ,let u exam9e a few ( !m4 #h4 ,pro( ,texts4 #a4 ,a text (t5 cit$ is ,g5esis #f3e1--! reason giv5 = de/roy+ ! human race1 9 ! "t ( ,noah1 by ! deluge3 8,& ,god saw t ! wick$ness ( man 0 great 9 ! e>?1 & t e imag9ation ( ! ?\ghts ( 8 he>t 0 only evil cont9ually40 ,b ?is seems to be a description ( ! /ate ( ! _w at t p>ticul> "t1 n ( its "* 9 all ages4 ,x is n a description ( man's natural condition1 b ( an extremely deg5]ate condition4 ,if ! /ate ( ! _w "h describ$ 0 its natural /ate1 x w\ld r be a reason = n hav+ creat$ ! race at fir/2 or1 if x 0 a reason = de/roy+ x1 x w\ld1 at be/1 seem to be z /rong a "o aga9/ creat+ x aga94 ,if a man plants a tree 9 8 g>d51 ^: nature he kn[s is to produce a c]ta9 k9d ( fruit1 x w\ld seem h>dly a good reason = cutt+ x d[n1 t x produc$ t k9d ( fruit3 c]ta9ly x w\ld n be a good reason = cutt+ x d[n1 & plant+ ano!r ( precisely ! same k9d 9 its place4 ,! reason :y ! race ( m5 0 de/roy$ 01 t x _h deg5]at$4 ,b !re 7 "s good ev5 !n2 = 9 ! n9? v]se we are told t 8,noah 0 a j man1 & p]fect 9 8 g5]ation1 & walk$ ) ,god40 #b4 ,!re is ano!r passage1 9 ! f\rte5? ,psalm :i* is quot$ by ,paul 9 ,rom4 #c3 8,!re is none righte\s2 no1 n "o3 !re is none t und]/&e?1 none t seeke? aft] ,god4 ,!y h all gone out ( ! way1 !y are toge!r become unpr(itable3 !re is none t doe? good2 no1 n "o4 ,!re is no fe> ( ,god be=e _! eyes40 ,?is passage is reli$ on to prove total depravity4 ,b we may reply1 t-- ,?is also is a deg5]ate condition1 n a natural "o4 ,x 0 a condition into :i* m5 _h fall51 n "o 9 :i* !y 7 born4 8,!y h all gone out ( ! way2 !y are toge!r become unpr(itable40 ,x does n1 !re=e1 apply to m5 univ]sally1 b to m5 9 ^? p>ticul> times4 ,x 0 n true ( all1 ev5 at t p>ticul> "t4 ,x 0 n true ( ,david himself1 t he did n seek aft] ,god1 or h ! fe> ( ,god be=e 8 eyes2 or else o!r passages 9 ! same book are n true1 9 :i* he says ! contr>y4 8,o ,god6 e>ly w ,i seek !e3 my s\l ?ir/e? = !e2 my fle% longe? = !e40 ,he also frequ5tly speaks ( & to ^? :o fe> ! ,"l1 & says1 8,i am a companion to all ^? t fe> !e40 ,! 8all0 is n to be tak5 /rictly4 ,x means p g5]ally at t "t4 ,j s x is said1 8,!re w5t out to him ,j]usalem & all ,judea1 & all ! region r\nd ab\t ,jordan20 :i* does n imply t no "o /aid at home4 8,b10 x may be said1 8does n ,paul tea* t ?is is to be tak5 univ]sally1 :5 he quotes x1 & adds1 #8,n[ we "k t :at ! law sai?1 x sai? to ^? "u ! law1 t e m\? be /opp$1 & all ! _w guilty be=e ,god' 08 ,we ?9k he means to say1 t1 z ?is is said to ,jews1 x proves t ,jews1 z well z ,g5tiles1 are v guilty4 ,he is address+ ! ,jews1 :o boa/$ ( _! k ( ! law4 ,*ap4 #b3 8,behold1 ?\ art call$ a ,jew10 c4 #c4 ,j]4 #ag3i4 8,! he>t is deceitful above all ?+s1 & desp]ately wick$40 ,if we suppose t we are to take ?is z an unlimit$ expression1 & n m]ely a /rong decl>ation ( ! wick$ness ( ! ,jews1 x /ill does n prove total depravity ( ! nature1 b m]ely t ( ! affections1 or 8! he>t40 ,man's nature has o!r ?+s besides desire3 x has consci5ce1 reason1 & w2 & x does n foll[ t ^! are also deprav$4 #d4 ,rom4 #h3g4 8,! c>nal m9d is enmity aga9/ ,god40 ,?is does n int5d t ! m9d ( man1 9 its natural /ate1 is enmity1 b 9 its c>nal /ate2 t is1 :5 subject to fle%ly desires4 ,ne>ly ! same phrase is us$ 9 ! v]se be=e1 & is translat$1 8,to be c>nally m9d$ is dea?40 #e4 ,!re is "o fam\s passage1 h[ev]1 :i* seems to say t ,god is angry ) u on acc\nt ( our nature4 ,?is is a passage v mu* quot$1 & we he> x s (t5 t x seems z if ! ,bible 0 full ( su* texts4 ,x is 9 ,eph4 #b3c4 8,we 7 by nature *ildr5 ( wra?1 ev5 z o!rs40 ,?is is quot$ to prove t ,god is angry ) m5 = _! natures1 & hates !m = be+ born evil--j z we may hate a snake1 a scorpion1 or spid]1 = its nature4 ,b1 z x happ5s1 ! v next v]ses %[ t ?is is impossible1 unless ,god c be hat+ "o ( 8 creatures & lov+ x at ! v same mom5t4 ,=1 9 ! next v]se ,paul says t ,god lov$ u ) a great love :5 we 7 dead 9 trespasses & s9s1 & *ildr5 ( wra?4 ,x is !re=e evid5t t 8*ildr5 ( wra?0 mu/ mean some?+ else4 ,x may mean t m5 outside ( ,*ri/ianity--,jews & ,g5tiles--7 afraid ( ,god2 liv+ "u a con/ant s5se ( 8 displeasure2 t ,god seem$ to !m a t]rible be+1 always dispos$ to puni% !m ) sev]ity4 ,?is 0 ! fact4 ,jews & ,g5tiles 7 afraid ( _! gods1 be=e ,*ri/ came1 & s 7 8*ildr5 ( wra?40 ,or x may mean t m5 are expos$ to ! consequ5ces ( s92 =1 9 ,scripture language1-- 8,god's wra?ful said to be1 :5 he do? d ,t )\t wra? :i* wra? do? =ce u to40 ,moreov]1 8nature10 9 ,scripture usage1 does n necess>ily mean1 8z human be+s40 ,x (t5 int5ds ext]nal position1 orig91 & race4 ,s 79 ,gal4 #b3ae7 we read1 8,jews by nature20 & s 79 ,rom4 #b3bg7 8uncircumcision1 :i* is by nature40 ,! same ^w is us$ twice 9 ,james #c3g1 & is translat$ k9d4 8,e k9d ( bea/s1 birds1 s]p5ts1 ?+s 9 ! sea1 is tam$ ( man-k9d30 lit]ally1 8! :ole animal race is tam$ by ! human race40 ,if "h meant 8con/itutional depravity10 ! same ^w 9 ,rom4 #b3ad mu/ mean con/itutional goodness1 :]e we are told t "s 8d by nature ! ?+s conta9$ 9 ! law40 ,s1 too1 we read ( ! olive tree1 wild by nature1 9 ,rom4 #aa3bd4 8,by nature10 "h1 pla9ly means ! orig9al condition1 n ! orig9al con/itution4 ,j s we say t wild animals are 9 a /ate ( nature1 & call savages ! *ildr5 ( nature4 ,^! five texts are ! /ronge/ 9 ! ,bible to support ! doctr9e ( total depravity1 &1 z su*1 are con/antly quot$4 ,!y h v little weight1 & n "o ( !m is f ! words ( ,jesus4 ,on ! o!r h&1 !re are _m passages :i* seem to decl>e t !re is some?+ good 9 man 9 8 unconv]t$ or natural /ate1 & t ev5 9 t /ate he may turn t[>ds ! light1 & /ruggle aga9/ evil4 ,john #c3bj1 #ba4 8,e "o t doe? tru? come? to ! light40 ,matt4 #bf3da4 8444 ,! _s is will+1 ! fle% is weak40 ,rom4 #b3bd4 8,g5tiles1 :o h n ! law1 d by nature ! ?+s conta9$ 9 ! law1 & %[ ! "w ( t law :i* is writt5 9 ! he>t40 ,acts #aj3ce4 8,9 e nation1 he t fe>e? ,god1 & worke? righte\sness1 is accept$ ( him40 ,b ! passage mo/ /rik+ly & ?or\ghly oppos$ to ! doctr9e ( total depravity1 is ! description1 9 ! sev5? *apt] ( ,romans1 ( ! conflict betwe5 ! law 9 ! memb]s & ! law ( ! m9d4 ,paul1 speak+ evid5tly f 8 own exp]i5ce 9 8 unconv]t$ /ate1 describes ! condition ( "o morally deprav$1 :o is try+ to d "r1 b is prev5t$ by evil habits :i* h become a "p ( himself4 ,he describes ?is z moral dea?1 b n guilt4 ,he says1 8,x is no m ,i t d x1 b s9 t dwelle? 9 me40 ,he describes himself z morally impot5t--wi%+ to d "r1 b unable to d x4 ,he says he delights 9 ! law ( ,god aft] ! inn] man4 ,! inmo/ is "r1 b outside ( t are evil habits1 9 ! body1 :i* drag d[n ! s\l & enslave x4 ,paul !re=e di/9ctly says t a man 9 su* a condition is n himself a s9n]1 because he does n commit ! s94 ,?us he makes cle> & /rong ! di/9ction we ref]r$ to above1 betwe5 depravity & guilt--betwe5 natural evil & moral evil4 ,paul tea*es t man is n totally deprav$1 b t ev5 9 ! c>nal man !re is a good pr9ciple1 only t x is conqu]$ by ! evil4 ,if ! m9d delights 9 ! law ( ,god1 & ! w to d "r is pres5t ) u1 we evid5tly are n totally deprav$2 b ! total depravity1 if any:]e1 is 9 ! fle% only1 z ,paul pla9ly says3 8,i "k t 9 me 7t is1 9 my fle%7 dwelle? no good ?+20 t is1 ! depravity is physical1 n moral4 ,b physical depravity is n guilt1 b only disease4 #i4 ,tru? 9 ! ,doctr9e ( ,total ,depravity4 ,nev]!less !re is a s5se 9 :i* man may be said to be (t5 totally s9ful2 b ?is is only 9 a total ali5ation ( ! w f ,god4 ,x is n a total depravity1 b a total ali5ation4 ,!re is a natural depravity1 b x is n total4 ,b ! *oice may be totally p]v]t$1 :5 x *ooses d>kness in/ead ( light1 evil in/ead ( good4 ,let u see :at !re is ( ?is 9 man4 ,! gospel ( ,*ri/1 z we und]/& x1 und]takes to effect an entire *ange1 a radical re=mation1 9 human "*4 ,x proposes to re=m ! life by *ang+ ! he>t1 by giv+ new aims1 new affections1 new aspirations1 new objects ( love & pursuit4 ,jesus does n endeavor to alt] & improve1 a little "h & a little !re1 on ! outside ( ! "*1 to improve a little our modes ( action 9 ?is & ! o!r p>ticul>2 b he alt]s ! conduct & "* by alt]+ ! fundam5tal ideas1 & inspir+ an inw>d life4 ,?is wond]ful *ange1 :i* takes place 9 ! pr(\nde/ dep? ( our nature1 "u ! influ5ce ( ! ,gospel1--?is great ev5t ( life1 :i* =ms ! turn+-po9t ( our be+ & hi/ory1--is call$ 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t 8! new bir?10 8reg5]ation10 8to be born aga910 8conv]sion10 8a new creation10 8to be born ( ,god10 8to be baptiz$ ) ! ,holy ,gho/ & ) fire10 8to put (f ! old man10 8to h ,*ri/ =m$ )9 u40 ,x is a v sup]ficial view :i* expla9s away ! mean+ ( all ^! pr(\nd expressions1 & supposes t !y only signify a little outw>d improvem5t & re=mation4 ,we ne$ j su* a *ange z is "h describ$--a radical "o1 n a sup]ficial "o4 ,all ne$ x4 ,^? :o are ! mo/ pure 9 he>t & mo/ blameless 9 "* 7spotless *ildr51 z !y seem to u1 ( a heav5ly _w7 feel _! own ne$ ( ?is *ange no less ?an d ! pr(ligate & op5ly vici\s4 ,p>5ts & fri5ds say1 8,we h no fault to f9d ) !m40 ,!y d n say !y h no fault to f9d ) !mselves4 ,!y feel !y h all k9ds ( fault to f9d ) !mselves1 & no?+ is s pa9ful to !m z ?is comm5dation4 ,!y say1 8,outw>dly we may seem innoc5t1 b we feel an inw>d want t weighs on our he>t l a fro/40 8,?is is a true say+1 & wor?y ( all acceptation1 t ,*ri/ ,jesus came into ! _w to save s9n]s40 ,x is because we are s9n]s t we ne$ to exp]i5ce ?is great *ange4 ,we d n wi% to exagg]ate ! am\nt ( human s9fulness4 ,!ologians h c>ri$ _! attacks on human nature q too f>1 & ! result has (t5 be5 t m5 h look$ on s9 z a sort ( !ological matt]1 :i* has no?+ to d ) actual life4 ,!y h *e]fully admitt$ t !y 7 totally deprav$ by nature1 & c\ld n ?9k or w a good ?+1 & !n h ?\ght no worse ( !mselves ?an be=e4 ,we "k t !re is some?+ good 9 man1 some?+ :i* ,god loves1 "s pure aspiration ev5 9 ! natural he>t1 "s ?robs ( g5]osity1 "s w>n+s ( consci5ce1 "s pure love1 "s c\rage\s virtue1 9 ! humble/1 ! mo/ deprav$1 ! mo/ ab&on$4 ,!re are "s fl[]s ( sweete/ p]fume :i* spr+ up 9 ! uncultivat$ soil ( ! natural he>t on :i* ,god & 8 angels smile1 = ! se$s ( ^? fl[]s ,god himself plant$4 ,we h se5 h>ebells1 graceful & lovely z ! sweete/ gre5h\se plant1 gr[+ out ( a s&-heap2 & we h se5 "s dis9t]e/$1 g5]\s b5evol5ce 9 ! m9d ( a h>d5$ pr(ligate4 ,x is n1 !re=e1 because !re is no?+ good 9 man t he ne$s a *ange ( he>t1 b because he is de/itute ( a deep-root$ & liv+ goodness till ?is *ange has tak5 place4 ,look at ! actual s9s ( m54 ,! majority ( m51 9 a civiliz$ community l ours1 d n commit great crimes1 or fall into flagrant vices1 because !y h little to attract !m to su* a c\rse1 & mu* to det] !m f x4 ,!y are aim+ at ^? objects :i* !y ne$ ! c\nt5ance1 aid1 & good op9ion ( _! fell[-m5 to obta91 to be gl>+ly vici\s w\ld make x impossible4 ,also1 !re is a c]ta9 am\nt ( consci5ce :i* re/ra9s !m--! influ5ce ( good education & good habits :i* pres]ves a c]ta9 uprightness & purity ( "*4 ,b is x a deep pr9ciple8 ,if s1 :y d ! va/ majority ( m5 all[ !mselves 9 _m small violations ( ! same laws :i* !y w\ld n break on a l>ge scale8 ,!y w\ld n /eal2 yet !y commit e day "s slight acts n p]fectly hone/2 !y take advantage ( o!rs 9 little ?+s4 ,!y w\ld n lie2 yet !y exagg]ate1 & conceal "p ( ! tru?1 & color _! /atem5ts to produce an effect4 ,!y w\ld n kill2 b !y are will+ to injure "o :o has int]f]$ ) _! int]e/s4 ,) ^! t5d5cies & feel+s1 :y w\ld !y n1 "u diff]5t influ5ces1 commit great] crimes8 ,h[ (t5 d we feel1 9 talk+ ) ! crim9al & ab&on$1 t1 9 _! circum/ances & ) _! temptations1 we might h be5 z bad z !y6 ,does n all ?is %[ t !re is a deep & hidd5 f\nta9 ( evil )9 our he>ts :i* is re/ra9$ by ext]nal influ5ces1 by *ecks & b>ri]s ) :i* ,god has k9dly surr\nd$ u8 & if ^! 7 tak5 away1 x w\ld break out into some?+ f> worse ?an n[ appe>s4 ,h[ mu* !re is ( evil "u ! smoo? surface ( ref9$ society6 ,h[ _m ?\ghts ( s9 pass to & fro 9 ! he>t :ile ! c\nt5ance seems pure & calm6 ,:o ev] look$ into ! int]ior dep?s ( our mo/ moral community1 & saw all ! secret s9s & pollutions :i* are hidd5 !re8 ,e n[ & !n !re occurs 9 ! mid/ ( ! mo/ ref9$ classes "s />tl+ revelation ( long-conceal$ wick$ness :i* makes m5 look ea* o!r 9 ! face & draw a long brea?1 z ?\gh !y %\ld say1 8,:i* ( u w next fall80 ,s 9 ! mid/ ( a fruitful c\ntry1 ( lakes1 & valleys1 & v9e-clad hills1 ! e>? w sometimes op51 & a riv] ( melt$ lava p\r =?1 desolat+ all ar\nd4 ,we he> ( ?is ) wond]1 & d n ?9k t "r b5ea? our own feet1 a few miles d[n1 "u ^! smoo? fields & g5tle pla9s1 t same fi]y ocean is roll+ its r$ bill[s4 ,god has laid 8 h& ^u our he>t1 & re/ra9s its lawless passions z he re/ra9s ! tornadoes1 & e>?quakes1 & volcanic fires2 else !y might easily hurry u to swift de/ruction4 ,/ill1 if ?is 7 all1 no radical *ange might be necess>y4 ,x might be en\gh t by ef=t1 & self-discipl9e1 & direction ( ! ?\ghts1 we gradually ov]come our evil habits & t5d5cies2 b :5 we resolve to d s1 & make ! ef=t1 we meet ) an unexpect$ resi/ance4 8,! _s is will+1 b ! fle% is weak40 8,i f9d a law 9 my memb]s w>r+ aga9/ ! law ( my m9d1 & br++ me into captivity to ! law ( s9 9 my memb]s40 ,! ,*ur* has long ass]t$ ! doctr9e ( an h]$it>y depravity2 & we h se5 t !re is m tru? 9 x ?an we h sometimes suppos$4 ,x is n total1 b x is real4 ,besides ! s9s ( our own committ+1 !re are ! s9s :i* our ance/ors h committ$1 :i* h made !mselves "p ( our bone & fle%4 ,we are n exactly balanc$ 9 our natural /ate2 !re is a prepond]at+ t5d5cy t[>ds evil 9 "o or ano!r direction4 ,?is =ms too fe>ful an alliance ) circum/ances1 ! mom5t !y become p[]ful to draw u away f good4 ,a fri5d ( ours1 "s ye>s s9ce1 0 mak+ a trip up ! ,lakes1 late 9 ! season4 ,z !y ent]$ ,lake ,huron f ! ,riv] ,/4 ,clair 9 ! noble /eam]1 ! skies 7 s]5e1 & %e pl\gh$ h] way on t[>ds ! nor?1 s t by night ! l& _h sunk almo/ out ( sight4 ,b !n ! w9d began to fre%51 ! sea rose1 & z ! night advanc$1 & ! w9d blew h>d] & h>d]1 ! boat /ra9$ & /agg]$ along1 occasionally /ruck h>d by a heavi] sea1 till at la/ "o ( h] :eels 0 c>ri$ away1 & ! fires 7 put out by ! wat]4 ,h[ long & anxi\s 0 t night6 ,h[ _m pray$ !n :o nev] pray$ be=e6 ,:5 morn+ came1 ! boat 0 f\nd to be drift+ be=e ! w9d & waves1 directly ^u a rocky %ore on ! s\?-ea/ side ( ! lake4 ,!re 0 no help 9 man2 b a graci\s ,provid5ce all at once caus$ ! /orm to lull1 s t a fire c\ld be built1 & ) "o :eel ! boat got into a h>bor4 ,man seems a p[]ful be+ :5 he is surr\nd$ by favorable circum/ances1 & is go+ ) a fair w9d & fair wea!r2 b let ! w9d *ange1 & 8 weakness becomes app>5t4 ,he :o j n[ brea/$ ! tide1 is n[ drift+ helplessly be=e x4 ,b !re is a difficulty f> worse ?an any we h m5tion$4 ,we might conqu] ! s9 :i* mo/ easily besets u1 we might conqu] our inh]5t evil t5d5cies1 & outgr[ !m1 if we really wi%$ to d s2 b ! deepe/ ( all evils is a want ( love = ,god & = goodness4 ,we "k t we ought to love & obey ,god2 b our he>t is ali5at$ f him4 ,! great mass ( m5 are liv+ away f ,god4 ,!y are n consci\s ( 8 pres5ce1 ?\gh !y "k t he is ne> to !m4 ,?\gh !y "k t 8 eye is ^u !m1 x does n re/ra9 !m f s94 ,?\gh !y "k t _! heav5ly ,fa!r & be/ ,fri5d is close at h&1 h[ seldom d !y pray6 h[ seldom look up ) gratitude = all _! m]cies & joys6 ,?is %[s a t]rible e/rangem5t ( s\l f ,god4 ,! veil is on _! he>ts1 n on _! m9ds4 ,! "q is sometimes ask$1 8:e!r s9 is a positive or m]ely a negative evil40 ,n[1 :atev] may be ! case ) o!r k9ds ( s91 ?is ali5ation ( ! he>t seems to u a v positive evil2 = x is an antagonism1 & resi/ance ( goodness4 ,if ! supreme goodness ( ,god does n attract u1 does n excite our affection1 does n irresi/ibly draw u to him1 !n x repels u2 x makes ! ?\ght ( 8 pres5ce a re/ra9t & burd52 x makes u wi% to g away f ,god4 ,! goodness ( ,god is s v positive a ?+1 t we _c be indiff]5t to x2 we _c be neutral 9 reg>d to x4 ,if we d n love x1 x is disagreeable1 & we are uncom=table 9 ! ?\ght ( x4 ,sw$5borg relates t c]ta9 wick$ p]sons 7 all[$ to ent] heav5 on a c]ta9 occasion2 b !y imm$iately became almo/ lifeless1 &1 f ! torm5t & pa9 9 _! head & body1 pro/rat$ !mselves on ! gr\nd1 & wri!d l worms2 b1 be+ tak5 & c>ri$ into hell1 became comp>atively com=table4 ,:at c be m t]rible ?an ! idea ?us convey$ ( our av]sion to goodness1 :i* makes heav5 intol]able1 & ! pres5ce ( ,god insuff]able torture6 ,c any?+ express1 m ?an ?is1 ! ne$ ( a *ange ( he>t8 ,jesus1 we ?9k1 ass]ts a simil> view :5 he says1 8,he t is n ) me is aga9/ me40 8,no man c s]ve two ma/]s2 = he w ei!r love ! fir/ & hate ! la/1 or love ! la/ & hate ! fir/40 ,he w n be indiff]5t to ei!r1 if _! *>act]s & comm&s are ( an opposite k9d4 ,we d n mean to say t we hate ,god2 b we mean t !re is some?+ )9 u1 :ile our he>ts are n :olly 81 :i* makes x unpleasant & burd5some to ?9k ( ,god & pray to him4 ,we feel a c]ta9 repugnance to a famili> & happy int]c\rse ) our heav5ly ,fa!r4 ,our pray]s1 if we pray1 are =mal & cold2 our he>ts are h>d1 & _! affections d n fl[ easily upw>d4 ,n[1 if !re be su* a ?+ z a *ange ( he>t1 :i* w make x a pleasure to pray1 a joy to ?9k ( ,god2 :i* w make x natural to u to approa* him1 & dwell on ! ?\ght ( 8 goodness2 :i* w enable u to see him 9 ! maje/y & sweetness ( nature1 9 ! rise ( empires or ! dea? ( an infant1 9 ! com+ ( ,*ri/1 & 9 e good ?\ght :i* swells 9 our s\ls1--!n x is evid5t t ?is is :at we ne$4 ,let u dig deep1 & build our h\se ^u a rock4 ,we %all see 9 ano!r section t !re is su* a *ange ( he>t z we h describ$4 ,jesus saves s9n]s by tak+ away ! he>t ( /one1 & giv+ a he>t ( fle%4 ,he saw ! :ole dep? & ext5t ( ! disease :i* he came to cure4 ,!re are "s prea*]s :o d n "k h[ great an evil s9 is1 & w\ld n "k :at to d = a p5it5t & anxi\s s\l :i* really saw ! greatness ( its ne$s4 ,?us1 :5 ,george ,fox w5t to ! rector ( 8 *ur* to ask advice = ! di/ress ( 8 s\l1 he 0 told to amuse himself & div]t 8 m9d4 ,b ,jesus saw all ! ext5t ( s91 & yet 0 ready to enc\rage & help ! s9n]4 ,he knew t 8 rem$y 0 equal to ! em]g5cy4 ,! gospel ( ,*ri/ c give to u love to ,god & love to man2 c s(t5 our he>ts 9 humility1 c enable u to fight ) & conqu] ev5 ! h]$it>y evil ( our organization2 c ultimately r$eem u f all evil4 ,?is is ! depravity we are to conqu]2 n ( nature1 b ( w1 & aim1 & purpose4 #aj4 ,ability & ,inability4 ,"o ( ! pivotal po9ts 9 ! ,or?odox !ory ( evil is t ( moral inability4 ,inde$1 ! doctr9e ( total depravity seems to be taught = ! sake ( ?is4 ,total depravity resolves itself1 9 ! m9d ( ! ,or?odox tea*]1 into total inability1 & means t man1 unable to d "r by any p[] 9 himself1 mu/ ?r[ himself :olly & absolutely on ! div9e grace4 ,! secret motive ( ! :ole ,or?odox doctr9e ( evil is to lead ?r\gh a s5se ( s9 to humility1 & at la/ to dep5d5ce4 ,or?odoxy "h becomes intelligible1 s soon z we p]ceive t its purpose is n speculative1 b practical4 ,z religion consi/s s greatly 9 ! s5tim5t ( dep5d5ce1 x is a lead+ purpose 9 ! ,or?odox sy/em to produce ?is s5se ( dep5d5ce4 ,t gr\p ( graces--rev]5ce1 humility1 submission1 tru/1 pray]--:i* l5d su* an ineffable *>m to ! moral nature1 :i* purify & ref9e x to its inmo/ dep?s1--^! spr+ almo/ :olly f ! s5se ( dep5d5ce on a high] & bett] be+ ?an ourselves4 ,^! be+ abs5t1 ! elevat+ pr9ciple is want+2 ! man _c rise above himself4 ,!re may be tru?1 c\rage1 consci5ce1 purity1 b !y are all /oical & self-rely+4 ,x is only he :o relies on a high] p[]1 cl+s to a high] be+1 & draws 8 moral life f above1 :o c asc5d4 ,he :o humbles himself1 & he only1 %all be exalt$4 ,b humility does n consi/ 9 look+ d[n1 b 9 look+ up4 ,x does n come f look+ at our own meanness1 b at some?+ high] & bett] ?an ourselves4 ,! s5se ( s9 is only elevat+ :5 connect$ ) ! sight ( a high] beauty & hol9ess4 ,x is1 !re=e1 9 ord] to produce a conviction ( absolute dep5d5ce t ,or?odoxy urges s /rongly ! doctr9es ( total depravity & total inability4 ,a man w n pray1 says ! ,or?odox sy/em1 till he feels himself helpless4 ,he w n seek a ,savi\r s long z he hopes to save himself4 ,he mu/ see t he c d no?+ m = himself2 & !n1 = ! fir/ "t1 he ex]cises a real fai? 9 ,god1 & ca/s himself on ! div9e m]cy4 ,reason+ 9 ?is way1 consci\sly or unconsci\sly1 ,or?odoxy has built up its doctr9e ( human inability1 :i* we w proce$ to /ate1--fir/1 h[ev]1 indicat+ ! scriptural view ( ?is subject4 ,scripture tea*es t man is able to *oose ! "r1 b n always able to p]=m x4 ,he is free 9 8 _s1 b b\nd by circum/ances ( position1 & by bodily organization4 ,he is free to *oose1 b n free to d4 ,8 fre$om is 9 ef=t1 n necess>ily 9 accompli%m5t4 ,he c always try2 he _c always effect :at he tries4 ,?us ,jesus says 7,matt4 #bf3da71 8,wat* & pray1 t ye ent] n into temptation2 ! _s inde$ is will+1 b ! fle% is weak40 ,& s ,paul says1 9 ! passage on ?is subject be=e ref]r$ to 7,rom4 #g3ah71 8,to w is pres5t ) me1 b h[ to p]=m t :i* ,i w1 ,i f9d n40 ,)\t attempt+ "h to ent] into ! torm5t$ "q ( fate & fre$om1 ( necessity s irrefragably demon/rat$ by ! logic ( ,edw>ds & o!rs1--( free-w p]petually reass]t$ by ! intuitive reason 9 ! s\l1--we may say ?is3 ,:e!r !re be su* a ?+ z metaphysical fre$om or n1 !re is su* a ?+ z moral fre$om4 ,9 proportion z man s9ks into ! doma9 ( nature1 he is b\nd by irresi/ible laws4 ,9 proportion z he rises into ! sph]e ( reason1 ju/ice1 tru?1 love1 he is emancipat$1 & c direct 8 own c\rse4 8,ye %all "k ! tru?1 & ! tru? %all make y free40 8,if ! ,son1 !re=e1 %all make y free1 ye %all be free inde$40 7,john #h3cb1 #cf47 8,/& fa/ 9 ! lib]ty :]e) ,*ri/ ha? made u free40 7,gal4 #e3a47 ,x is !re=e true t only z we direct our c\rse by et]nal laws1 we rise above ! controll+ influ5ce ( habit1 prejudice1 public op9ion1 inh]it$ & orig9al t5d5cies ( ! blood & bra94 ,accord+ to ,paul 7,rom4 #f3af-bb71 man mu/ be ei!r ! s]vant ( s9 or ! s]vant ( ,god4 ,he mu/ s]ve1 will+ly or unwill+ly4 ,he mu/ be ! degrad$ slave ( desire & selfi%ness1 or ! will+1 loyal subject ( tru? & "r4 ,p>adoxically en\gh1 h[ev]1 he only feels free 9 ^! two cases4 ,= 9 ^! two /ates he is do+ :at he *ooses to d4 ,:5 he is bl9dly & will+ly foll[+ 8 l[] in/9cts he feels free4 ,:5 he is rationally & freely *oos+ "r1 & do+ x1 he also feels free4 ,b :5 half way betwe5 ^! two /ates1 :5 8 consci5ce is pull+ "o way & 8 desires draw+ him ! o!r1 :5 he is *oos+ "r & do+ wrong1 he feels himself a slave4 ,!re are !re=e ^! ?ree conditions ( ! w1 correspond+ to ! ,paul9e division ( man into _s1 s\l1 & body 7#a ,tim4 #e3bc7--;a view ( man :i* 0 held ?r\gh\t antiquity4 ,! c>nal man 77 is "o 9 :om ! e>?ly appetites are supreme1 & ! s\l1 77 & _s 77 subord9ate4 ,! natural man 7 1 #a ,cor4 #b3ad7 is "o 9 :om ! s\l1 or c5tral pr9ciple1 ! f9ite w1 is supreme4 ,! spiritual man 71 #a ,cor4 #b3ae7 is he 9 :om ! inf9ite pr9ciple1 ! s5se ( et]nal tru? & "r1 is supreme4 ,9 ! fir/ condition--t ( ! c>nal man--"o is ! slave ( s91 b )\t kn[+ x1 because !re is no wi% to become any?+ diff]5t4 ,9 ! second /ate--t ( ! natural man 7or psy*ical man7--! s\l *ooses ! good1 b is drawn d[n by ! evil4 ,! law ( ! m9d is w>r+ aga9/ ! law ( ! memb]s1 & ! man is torn asund] by ?is conflict4 ,he tries to d "r1 & does wrong4 ,he n[ fir/ feels himself a slave2 yet he is 9 reality less a slave ?an be=e1 = n[ he is endeavor+ to escape4 ,8 w is emancipat$1 ?\gh 8 habits ( conduct1 8 habits ( ?\ght1 8 habits ( feel+1 /ill b9d him fa/4 ,9 ! ?ird condition1 t ( ! spiritual man1 he has brok5 ^! *a9s4 ,he n only wills to d "r1 b does x4 ,8 body %>es 9 ! new life ( 8 s\l4 ,he n[ is made free by ! tru? & ! _s f ! s]vice ( evil1 & %>es 9 8! glori\s lib]ty ( ! *ildr5 ( ,god40 ,9 all ^! conditions ! human be+ has "s fre$om1 b diff]+ 9 degree 9 ea*4 ,9 ! l[e/ /ate he has fre$om ( action1 = he does :at he wi%es to d2 b he has n fre$om ( *oice1 = he does n *oose at all4 ,he acts n by intellig5t *oice1 b by bl9d in/9ct1 habit or cu/om4 ,9 ! middle /ate he has fre$om ( *oice1 b n ( action4 ,he *ooses ! good1 b p]=ms ! evil4 ,?is is ! condition describ$ by ,ovid1 & o!r pr(ane writ]s1 be=e ,paul describ$ x 9 ! sev5? *apt] ( ,romans47#ae7 ,b 9 ! highe/ /ate--a spiritual condition--he has bo? fre$oms2 he c bo? *oose & p]=m4 ,! c>nal man seems to be free1 b is mo/ ?or\ghly enslav$ ( all4 ,! psy*ical man seems to himself to be enslav$1 b has begun to be free4 ,! spiritual man bo? seems to be free & is s4 ,! app>5t fre$om ( ! c>nal man diff]s f ! real fre$om ( ! spiritual man 9 ?is--! spiritual man c\ld d wrong if he *ose to d s1 b *ooses to d "r4 ,b ! c>nal man c\ld n d "r if he %\ld *oose4 ,a good man1 if he *ose to d s1 might lie1 & /eal1 & dr9k1 & be pr(ane2 b a bad man c\ld n1 by *oos+1 become temp]ate1 pure1 tru?ful1 & hone/4 ,scripture & exp]i5ce give1 !re=e1 ! same acc\nt ( human ability & inability4 ,9 ! l[e/ /ate man is ! s]vant ( s5se1 & c nei!r w nor d "r4 ,9 ! high] condition he c w1 b _c p]=m2 = 8 ideal aim is above 8 actual p[]4 ,9 ! highe/1 or reg5]ate1 /ate he c bo? w & d4 ,body1 z well z s\l1 s]ve ! _s4 ------------------------------------- ,^! are ! tru?s :i* lie at ! basis ( ! ,or?odox doctr9e ( inability4 ,b ,or?odoxy1 9 its desire to awak5 a s5se ( dep5d5ce1 has pu%$ !m to an unreasonable extreme4 ,x ass]ts t man1 9 8 natural /ate1 be=e he is reg5]at$1 has no p[] to w or to d "r4 ,x is evid5t1 h[ev]1 t all m5 h p[] to w & to d _m "r ?+s4 ,ev5 9 ! l[e/ condition1 a man wills & does mu* t is "r4 ,?\gh ! gov]n+ pr9ciple be ! l[e/ "o1 he c yet p]=m _m good actions4 ,9 ! second condition also1 ! psy*ical man1 ?\gh n able always to d "r1 (t5 succe$s 9 do+ s4 ,& 9 ?is /ate ! apo/le decl>es t he does n d ! evil1 b 8s9 t dwells 9 him40 ,s long z 8 purpose is "r1 he is "r4 #aa4 ,or?odox ,doctr9e ( ,inability4 ,let u see :at ,or?odoxy says ( ! inability ( ! unreg5]ate man4 ,! ,assembly's ,confession decl>es 7*ap4 #f1 #d71 t by our corrupt nature 8we are utt]ly indispos$1 disabl$1 & made opposite to all good1 & :olly incl9$ to all evil40 ,9 *ap4 #i1 #c1 x says t 8man1 by 8 fall into a /ate ( s91 ha? :olly lo/ all ability ( w to any spiritual good accompany+ salvation40 ,?is seems pla9 en\gh4 ,x w\ld ju/ify ! *>ge made by ,dr4 ,cox1 t !re are ^? :o tea* t 8a man has no ability to d 8 duty107#af7 & 8t1 :]e ! means ( grace are abundantly v\*saf$1 a man c d no?+ =1 b c only c\nt]act1 8 own salvation40 ,x w\ld also seem to lay a fit f\ndation = t k9d ( ,calv9i/ic prea*+ :i*1 accord+ to ,pr(essor ,f9ney1 ( ,ob]l9 7see 8,revival ,lectures071 virtually am\nts to say+1 8,y c1 & y c't2 ,y %all1 & y %an't2 ,y w1 & y won't2 ,y'll be damn$ if y don't40 ,^! *>ges1 x mu/ be notic$1 are br\ght aga9/ ,calv9ism1 n by u1 b by ,presbyt]ian div9es1 !mselves hold+ to ?is same ,we/m9/] ,confession4 ,b let u look at "s ( ! expositions giv5 to ?is doctr9e ( inability by mod]n ,or?odox au?orities4 7a47 ,! ,old ,s*ool ,presbyt]ians4--,z /at$ by "o ( _! own numb] 7,pr(essor ,atwat]1 ( ,pr9ceton ,college1 ,biblio!ca ,sacra1 ,janu>y1 #ahfd71 !y hold an inability 8moral1 s9ful1 & real10 8irremovable by ! s9n]'s own p[]40 ,he sets aside ! objection t we are n b\nd to d :at we are unable to d1 by say+ t ?is applies to actions only1 n to s9ful dispositions4 ,he illu/rates ?is by say+ t an irrepressible disposition to sl&] w\ld be only s mu* m culpable4 ,b 9 ?is he is evid5tly wrong4 ,su* a habit has become a disease1 & ! un=tunate victim is no long] acc\ntable = :at he does4 7b47 ,! ,new ,s*ool ,presbyt]ians4--7,rev4 ,george ,duffield1 9 ,biblio!ca ,sacra1 ,july1 #ahfc47 ,al?\gh ,dr4 ,duffield objects to ! language ( ! ,old ,s*ool ,presbyt]ians 9 d5y+ 8free ag5cy10 & reg>d+ man 8z de/itute ( ability z a block ( m>ble10 he yet decl>es t ! ,new ,s*ool1 z well z ! ,old1 believe t 9 ! unconv]t$ /ate 8man c d no?+ morally good40 ,/ill1 he adds1 m5 c accept ! (f]s ( salvation made by ,jesus ,*ri/4 ,b he positively d5ies t 8man1 9 8 natural /ate1 indep5d5t ( ! gospel & ,_s ( ,*ri/1 has ability p]fectly to obey all ! comm&m5ts ( ,god40 ,we suppose t mo/ p]sons w\ld agree ) him 9 ?is /atem5t4 7c47 ,! ,old ,s*ool 9 ,new ,engl& ,!ology4--7,biblio!ca ,sacra1 ,april1 #ahfc4 ,article by ,pr(essor ,lawr5ce1 ,ea/ ,w9dsor1 ,connecticut47 ,?is writ] cont5ds t human inability is moral1 & n natural--a di/9ction mu* dwelt ^u by ! ,hopk9sians1 b reject$ by ! ,old ,s*ool ,presbyt]ians4 ,?is sy/em diff]s f ! ,arm9ian or ,me?odi/ view 9 insi/+ t man has p[] en\gh to s91 ?\gh n en\gh to obey4 7d47 ,hopk9sianism4--7,biblio!ca ,sacra1 ,july1 #ahfb47 ,! ,hopk9sians pr(ess to cont5d = free ag5cy1 9 ord] to save responsibility4 ,!y adopt ! ideas ( ,edw>ds on free ag5cy4 ,b fre$om1 ) !m1 consi/s only 9 *oice4 ,:atev] we *oose1 we *oose freely4 ,! c>nal man is z free 9 *oos+ evil z ! spiritual man 9 *oos+ good4 ,all real fre$om 9 ?is sy/em disappe>s 9 a juggle ( words4 ,! result ( ?is exam9ation w %[ t ! great body ( ! ,or?odox1 ( all s*ools1 cont9ues to d5y any real ability 9 ! unreg5]ate man to d ! w ( ,god4 ,!y d n say t 8man has no p[] to d 8 duty10 b t is ! impression left by _! tea*+4 ,! di/9ction betwe5 natural & moral inability is insuffici5t2 = x is z absurd to say t a man is unable n to s91 :5 y only mean t he *ooses to s91 z x w\ld he to say1 :5 invit$ to eat y\r d9n]1 8,i am unable to eat10 mean+ only t y 7 unwill+4 ,besides1 if inability is moral1 x is 9 ! w1 & n 9 ! nature1 & s is n natural depravity at all4 ,x is also mak+ ,god unju/ to tea* t he consid]s u guilty = a mis=tune4 ,if we d]ive a corrupt$ nature f ,adam1 t is our mis=tune1 & n our fault1 & ,god owes u n ang]1 b pity4 ,in/ead ( puni%+ u1 he %\ld comp5sate u = ?is disa/]4 ,!re=e ! unreason1 ! want ( logic1 & ! abs5ce ( any j view ( ,god1 appe>1 m or less1 ?r\gh\t ^! /atem5ts4 ,= :]e !re is no ability1 !re c be no guilt4 ,j z soon z man ceases to h ! p[] to d "r1 he ceases to h ! p[] to d wrong4 ,inability & guilt1 :i* are connect$ by all ^! cre$s1 logically exclude ea* o!r4 ,if our nature is incapable ( do+ good1 !n x is incapable ( committ+ s94 ,"o or ! o!r mu/ be giv5 up4 ,keep :i* y w1 b y _c keep bo?4 ,we may be totally deprav$ by our nature2 b !n we cease to be s9n]s1 & cease to be guilty4 ,or we may be go+ :olly wrong1 & s be s9ful1 b !n we h ! p[] ( go+ "r4 ,?is is ! inconsi/5cy 9 almo/ all ,or?odox sy/ems4 ,by dwell+ s mu* on human weakness1 !y de/roy at la/ ! s5se ( responsibility4 #ab4 ,"s fur!r ,features ( ,or?odox ,!ology conc]n+ ,human ,s9fulness4 ,9 ! article 9 ! ,biblio!ca ,sacra be=e ref]r$ to 7,april1 #ahfc71 by ,edw>d ,a4 ,lawr5ce1 ,d4 ,d41 ,pr(essor at ,ea/ ,w9dsor1 ,connecticut1 on 8,! ,old ,s*ool 9 ,new ,engl& ,!ology10 ! writ] gives ! foll[+ acc\nt ( ! doctr9es ( ?is body conc]n+ s93-- 8,god creat$ man a holy be+4 ,he 0 n m]ely innoc5t1 z n hav+ committ$ s91 n m]ely pure1 z n inh]it+ any d]iv$ evil1 b 0 positively holy 9 8 v be+40 ,?is1 we suppose1 mu/ mean t he 0 incl9$ by nature to d "r1 r ?an wrong4 ,x 0 z natural = him to love ,god z = a fi% to swim or a bird to fly4 ,no?+ less ?an ?is1 c]ta9ly1 w\ld des]ve to be call$ 8hol9ess ( be+40 8,! fir/ man10 says ,pr(essor ,lawr5ce1 80 ! f$]al head ( ?is race1 repres5tatively & by cov5ant1 z no o!r fa!r has be5 or c be ) 8 *ildr540 ,?is is illu/rat$ by ! fact ( a legal corporation1 ^: memb]s are responsible 9 law = ! actions ( _! ag5t4 ,pr(essor ,lawr5ce expla9s ! belief ( ! ,old ,s*ool 9 ! imputation ( ,adam's s9 ?us3 ,x 0 n ! p]sonal guilt ( ,adam :i* 0 imput$ to 8 desc5dants1 b 8c]ta9 disa/r\s consequ5ces40 ,!y1 z well z he1 became 8subject to temporal & et]nal dea?40 ,! next consequ5ce ( ,adam's s9 we mu/ give 9 ,pr(essor ,lawr5ce's own language1 9 ord] n to misrepres5t him4 8,! fir/ evil disposition :i* l$ to ! evil *oice 0 n only confirm$ 9 him z an individual1 b also z a quality ( human nature1 & x reappe>s1 successively1 9 ea* "o ( !m40 ,imputation1 !re=e1 means n ! transf] ( guilt1 b ( a corrupt nature4 8,x is n a s9 to be born s9ful2 b ! s9 ) :i* m5 are born is nev]!less s9ful40 ,!n foll[s ?is /atem5t3 8,we are /rictly guilty only = our own s92 b ! s9fulness ) :i* we are born is z really ours z if x orig9at$ 9 our own act40 ,?is1 aga91 is expla9$ by def9+ guilt z liability to puni%m5t on acc\nt ( ! acts ( ano!r1 8z :5 ! memb]s ( a corporation suff] f ! ill managem5t ( its ag5t40 ,?is he calls corporate guilt4 ,! ,old ,s*ool doctr9e1 accord+ to ?is writ]1 conc]n+ s91 makes x a /ate r ?an an act4 ,x is n m]ely ! act ( disob$i5ce1 b ! wrong bias ( ! w1 out ( :i* ! act proce$s4 ,he ?9ks x wrong to call 8s9 a nature10 = nei!r ! sub/ance ( ! s\l1 nor its faculties1 are s9ful4 ,! depravity ( nature is n *oice1 s mu* z t5d5cy :i* leads to *oice4 ,x is h]$it>y1 be+ transmitt$ f fa!r to son4 ,! old !ology1 !re=e1 pr$icates s9fulness ( human nature2 affirms s9 to be a wrong /ate or bias ( w2 consid]s x to be h]$it>y2 reg>ds new-born infants z deprav$1 b ?9ks t ^? ( !m :o die 9 infancy1 be=e actual transgression1 are r5ew$ & sav$ by ! blood ( ,*ri/2 & consid]s temporal dea? z a "p ( ! p5alty ( s94 ,^u ?is /atem5t ( ! ,old ,s*ool doctr9e1 ! foll[+ criticisms naturally occur3-- ,fir/4 ,if orig9al righte\sness 0 hol9ess ( nature1 & n m]e innoc5ce2 if x 0 a positive t5d5cy to good1 & n m]ely a /ate ( indiff]5ce betwe5 good & evil2 !n1 we ask1 ,:at produc$ ! fall8 ,:at motive l$ to ! commission ( ! fir/ s98 ,if ! nature ( ! fir/ man 0 holy1 !re 0 no?+ 9 x :i* c\ld lead him to s91 & any ext]nal temptation address$ to su* a nature mu/ fall p[]less be=e x4 ,x w\ld be l try+ to tempt a fi% to fly 9 ! air1 or l tempt+ a bird to g into ! wat]4 ,ev5 if ! fir/ man c\ld h be5 induc$ by any deception or ext]nal influ5ce to commit a wrong act1 ?is w\ld n be s9ful1 because !re w\ld be no s9ful motive beh9d x4 ,a wrong act proce$+ f a holy nature is ei!r an impossibility or a m]e innoc5t mi/ake4 ,our fir/ criticism1 !re=e1 on ! ,old ,s*ool doctr9e ( s91 is1 t x makes ,adam's fall an impossibility4 ,second4 ,z reg>ds ,adam's f$]al head%ip & ! illu/ration ( a corporation1 we say1 t ! memb]s ( a corporation are n consid]$ guilty 9 consequ5ce ( ! acts ( _! ag5t1 al?\gh !y may suff] 9 consequ5ce ( ^! acts4 ,if he commits =g]y !y may lose money !reby1 b no "o w\ld ?9k ( call+ !m =g]s4 ,! s9 ( a p>5t may be visit$ ^u 8 *ildr5 to ! ?ird or f\r? g5]ation1 b 9 _! case x is nei!r puni%m5t nor guilt1 b only mis=tune4 ,:5 ,pr(essor ,lawr5ce1 !re=e1 says1 t 8we are guilty = ! s9fulness ) :i* we are born1 because x is really ours10 he utt]s a moral absurdity1 & /rikes at ! root ( all moral di/9ctions4 ,he says1 8,! s9fulness ) :i* we are born is really ours20 b 9 :at s5se ours8 ,only z any cong5ital disease may be call$ ours4 ,if a man is born ) a t5d5cy to consumption1 bl9dness1 lam5ess1 he may say1 8my lam5ess1 my ne>-sight$ness40 ,b no "o w\ld suppose t he meant !reby to hold himself responsible = !m1 or to consid] himself guilty because ( !m4 ,x is absurd to speak ( 8corporate guilt40 ,! corporate guilt1 = example1 ( ! /ockhold]s ( a bank1 because ( ! crime ( an abscond+ tell]6 ,! natural objection to ?is illu/ration ( a corporation is1 t ^? :o ent] into a corporation d x by a free act1 & make !mselves volunt>ily responsible4 ,b we did n cons5t t ,adam %\ld be our ag5t4 ,we did n agree t if ,adam %\ld commit a s+le act ( disob$i5ce we %\ld be born totally deprav$1 & liable to ev]la/+ torm5ts 9 consequ5ce4 ,pr(essor ,lawr5ce replies1 t x w\ld h be5 impossible = ,god to ask our cons5t1 & !re=e1 app>5tly he supposes t ,god took = grant$ t we w\ld cons5t4 ,?is seems to be no answ] to ! objection4 ,if x 0 impossible = ,god to obta9 our cons5t1 be=e we 7 born1 to incur ?is awful dang]1 he 0 n compell$ to expose u to x4 ,x is an insult to ! ju/ice ( ! ,almighty to assume t he c\ld h done s4 ,?ird4 ,pr(essor ,lawr5ce does n ?9k x correct to say t 8s9 is a nature40 ,b :y n1 if x be a univ]sal & con/ant elem5t1 an orig9al & p]man5t /ate ( ! s\l8 ,to say t human nature is s9ful1 b d5y t s9 is a nature1 seems to be mak+ a di/9ction )\t a diff]5ce4 ,x is a disposition to s9 born ) ! *ild4 ,n[1 say :at we w1 su* a disposition to s9 ?us born ) u is n guilt b mis=tune4 ,a j ,god w n hold u responsible = x1 b w hold himself responsible to help u out ( x4 ,z a fai?ful ,creator1 he is b\nd to d s1 & w d s4 ,x is common = !ologians to d5y all su* ass]tions z ^! la/4 ,!y hold x irrev]5t to say t ,god owes any?+ to 8 creatures4 ,!y accumulate responsibility ^u man1 b d5y responsibility to ,god4 ,b 9 do+ ?is !y take f ! ,almighty all moral "*4 ,calv9ism1 especially1 makes ( ! ,deity inf9ite p[] & inf9ite w4 ,b no blasphemy is worse ?an t :i*1 ?\gh ) ! be/ int5tions1 virtually de/roys ! moral "* ( ! ,almighty1 r$uc+ him to an inf9ite w3 t is1 mak+ ( him an inf9ite tyrant4 ,= ! ess5ce ( tyranny is ! union ( p[] & w 9 a rul]1 :o recognizes no obligations t[>ds 8 subjects4 ,! book ( ,job seems to h be5 writt5 p>tly to refute ?is sort ( ,calv9ism4 ,! fri5ds ( ,job 7 ,calv9i/s 9 ?is s5se4 ,! sum ( _! argum5t 0 t1 s9ce ,god 0 all-p[]ful1 !re=e :atev] he did mu/ be "r2 &1 s9ce he puni%$ ,job1 ,job mu/ be a s9n]1 & ought to confess 8 s9 :e!r he saw x or n4 ,?is has be51 9 all ages1 ! sub/ance ( ,calv9ism--,jewi% ,calv9ism1 ,mohamm$an ,calv9ism1 ,*ri/ian ,calv9ism4 ,x decl>es t we are b\nd to submit to ,god1 n because he is good1 b because he is p[]ful4 ,b ! answ] ( ,job to 8 fri5ds is a rebuke to ! same _s :]ev] %[n4 ,he asks !m 8if !y w speak ) unfairness = ,god10 & 8speak deceitfully = him10 & 8accept 8 p]son40 ,he decl>es t if he c\ld f9d ,god he w\ld g be=e 8 ?rone & def5d 8 own cause4 8,w\ld he cont5d ) me ) 8 mighty p[]8 ,no6 he w\ld h reg>d unto me40 ,?is is ! s9 ( ,calv9ism1 t x 8accepts ! p]son ( ! ,almighty10 assum+ t he has a "r to d z he pleases ) 8 creatures1 & t !y h no rights :i* he is b\nd to respect1 except t ( be+ puni%$4 ,?us x de/roys ! moral "* ( ! ,almighty4 ,f\r?4 ,pr(essor ,lawr5ce says1 8,x is ! g5]al belief ( ! ,old ,s*ool t ^? :o die 9 infancy be=e actual transgression1 are r5ew$ & sav$ by ! blood ( ,*ri/40 ,! p[] ( infancy is wond]ful4 ,x c ev5 break d[n ! logic ( ,calv9ism4 ,wordswor? 0 "r 9 call+ ! infant-- 8,mighty prophet6 ,se] ble/6 ,on :om ^? tru?s d re/ ,:i* we are toil+ all our lives to f9d40 ,e k9d ( !ology1 h[ev] savage & bitt] x may be aga9/ adult s9n]s1 s5d+ !m into an et]nal hell )\t ! lea/ hesitation or remorse1 hesitates & /amm]s :5 x comes to speak ( little *ildr54 ,ev5 ! idolatr\s ,jews1 sacrific+ _! *ildr5 to ,molo* 9 ! valley ( ,h9nom1 beat drums to dr[n _! cries1 :i* !y c\ld n be> to he>4 ,bo? s*ools ( !ology1 ,old & ,new1 ha/5 to say t infants are n to be damn$4 ,b :y n1 if !y are born ) a deprav$ nature1 & die )\t be+ conv]t$8 ,bo? ! great s*ools ( ,presbyt]ian !ology hold to ! doctr9e ( ! ,assembly's ,cate*ism1 :i* decl>es 7*ap4 #f1 #f71 t 8e s91 bo? orig9al & actual1 be+ a transgression ( ! righte\s law ( ,god1 & contr>y !reunto1 do?1 9 its own nature1 br+ guilt ^u ! s9n]1 :]eby he is b\nd ov] to ! wra? ( ,god40 ,!re=e ! infant :o dies be=e he has ex]cis$ rep5tance & fai? 9 ,*ri/1 is "u ! wra? ( ,god4 ,or?odoxy does n all[ ( rep5tance 9 ! o!r life3 h[1 !n1 c infants be sav$ accord+ to ,or?odoxy8 ,pr(essor ,lawr5ce c only reply1 t x is a g5]al belief t !y w be sav$4 ,! ,cate*ism decl>es1 less decid$ly1 t 8elect infants0 w be sav$4 ,dr4 ,:$on 7,biblio!ca ,sacra1 ,april1 #ahfb71 on behalf ( ! ,me?odi/s1 says1 8,t ! dy+ infant is sav$1 & sav$ by ! atonem5t1 all agree40 ,b h[ he is sav$1 or :at reason !y h to ?9k him sav$1 except _! wi% to believe x1 no "o c tell4 ,dea?1 9 fact1 becomes to ! infant a sav+ sacram5t4 ,z long z he lives he is believ$ unreg5]ate & unconv]t$4 ,z soon z he dies he is consid]$ ready = heav54 ,b he _c be ready = heav5 until he is reg5]ate2 & aft] dea? !re is no su* ?+ z obta9+ a new he>t1 & no opportunity = rep5tance4 ,logically1 !re=e1 ! infant is conv]t$ by ! m]e act ( dy+4 ,we presume t no ,or?odox !ologians w\ld ass]t ?is2 & yet we really d n see h[ !y c avoid ! conclusion4 ,b :y is x any worse = *ildr5 to be damn$ 9 consequ5ce ( ,adam's s9 ?an = adults to be damn$8 ,or?odoxy assures u t 9 consequ5ce ( ,adam's s9 we are born deprav$4 ,dr4 ,duffield1 /at+ & def5d+ ! doctr9es ( ! ,new ,s*ool ,presbyt]ian ,*ur* 7,biblio!ca ,sacra1 ,july1 #ahfc71 says t ,adam subject$ 8 po/]ity to su* a loss t !y are born )\t any righte\sness1 are expos$ to ! consequ5ces ( 8 transgression1 & all become s9n]s z soon z !y are capable ( x4 ,he quotes ) approbation f a prote/ ( ! ,new ,s*ool m9ority1 9 ! ,g5]al ,assembly ( #ahcg 7:i* he calls a docum5t ( great hi/oric value71 an ass]tion t 8by reason ( ! s9 ( ,adam1 ! race are treat$ z if !y _h s9n$20 & f ano!r docum5t ( ! same s*ool :i* says1 t 8we are all born ) a t5d5cy to s91 :i* makes x morally c]ta9 t we %all d s40 ,n[1 we d n see :y x is any worse to s5d infants to hell because ( ?is deprav$ nature1 ?an to s5d gr[n p]sons !re :o h s9n$ 9 consequ5ce ( possess+ su* a deprav$ nature4 ,if x be said t adults h _h an opportunity to rep5t1 & h n accept$ x1 we reply1 t to ! mass ( mank9d no su* opportunity is (f]$2 t1 :]e x is (f]$1 no "o has ! p[] to accept x1 except he be "o ( ! elect2 & t at all ev5ts1 s9ce infants are sure to be sav$1 & a v l>ge proportion ( adults are v likely to be lo/1 dea? 9 infancy is ! mo/ desirable ?+ possible4 ,accord+ to ?is doctr9e1 *ild-murd] becomes almo/ a virtue4 ,! radical difficulty 9 all ^! !ories consi/s 9 refus+ to apply to ,god ! same rules ( ju/ice :i* we apply to man4 ,to d s implies no irrev]5ce1 b ! highe/ rev]5ce4 ,!re is no?+ m honorable to ! ,almighty ?an to believe him to be actuat$ by ! same great pr9ciples ( "r :i* he has writt5 9 our consci5ce & he>t4 ,^? laws ( et]nal ju/ice1 s deeply engrav5 on ! fle%ly tables ( ! he>t1 are a revelation ( ! "* ( ,god himself4 ,if we ?9k to honor him by reject+ ^! intuitions ( ! reason1 & by sub/itut+ = ?is div9e idea ( a ,god ( ju/ice t ( a be+ ( arbitr>y w1 :o is "u no obligations to 8 creatures1 we deeply di%onor ! ,almighty & fatally injure our own "*4 ,f ?is p]v]t$ view ( ,god comes a cynical view ( man4 ,:5 we make w supreme 9 ,god1 we legitimate all tyranny & contempt f man to man4 ,!n comes ! /ate ( ?+s describ$ by ,%akespe>e3-- 8,=ce %\ld be "r1 or1 r1 "r & wrong 7,betwe5 ^: endless j> ju/ice resides7 ,%\ld lose _! names1 & s %\ld ju/ice too4 ,!n ev]y?+ includes itself 9 p[]1 ,p[] into w1 w into appetite2 ,& appetite1 a univ]sal wolf1 ,s d\bly second$ ) w & p[]1 ,mu/ make p]=ce a univ]sal prey1 ,&1 la/1 eat up himself40 ,%akespe>e1 ,troilus & ,cressida4 ,,*apt] ,,vii4 ,,conv]sion ,,& ,,reg5]ation4 #a4 ,or?odoxy recognizes only two ,conditions 9 :i* ,man c be f\nd4 ,or?odoxy kn[s only two /ates 9 :i* man c be f\nd4 ,man is ei!r 9 ! natural /ate1 & !n he is totally deprav$2 or he is 9 ! sup]natural /ate1 9 :i* ! *a9 ( s9 has be5 brok54 ,he is ei!r imp5it5t or p5it5t1 ei!r unreg5]at$ or reg5]ate1 unconv]t$ or conv]t$1 a s9n] or a sa9t4 ,!re is no gradation1 no %ad+ (f1 no twilight betwe5 ?is midnight gloom & midday spl5dor4 ,to ! common eye1 & 9 ! judgm5t ( _! fri5ds & neighbors1 ! p :o ent] a *ur* seem ( all degrees ( goodness2 & e "o has good & bad qualities mix$ up toge!r 9 8 "*4 ,b1 z ! ,or?odox m9i/] looks at !m f ! pulpit1 !y in/antly fall into two classes1 & become 8my imp5it5t he>]s10 & 8my p5it5t he>]s40 ,moreov]1 x is assum$ t ! di/9ction betwe5 ^! two classes is s m>k$ & pla91 t x c be recogniz$ by any "o :o w4 ,or?odox p inquire1 8,is he pi\s80 j z !y w\ld ask1 8,is he m>ri$80 ,aga91 ! *ange f "o /ate to ! o!r is assum$ to be s di/9ct & m>k$1 t he :o runs c read4 ,"o may say to ano!r1 8,:]e 7 y conv]t$80 j z !y may say1 8,:]e did y g to college80 8,:]e 7 y born80 said an ,engli% bi%op to ,summ]field1 ! ,me?odi/ prea*]4 8,9 ,dubl9 & ,liv]pool10 he answ]$4 8,7 y born 9 two places80 said ! bi%op4 8 #8,art ?\ a ma/] 9 ,israel1 & kn[e/ n ^! ?+s8' 0 repli$ ,summ]field4 ,on ! o!r h&1 x is q common among ,lib]al ,*ri/ians to d\bt ! reality1 or d5y ! importance1 ( su* *anges altoge!r4 ,) !m ! ,*ri/ian life consi/s1 n 9 *ange1 b 9 progress4 ,9 ! ,*ri/ian s\rce1 ,or?odoxy lays ! ma9 /ress on ! comm5cem5t2 ,lib]al ,*ri/ianity1 on ! progress4 ,! "o wi%es y to beg9 ! j\rney1 )\t seem+ to c>e :e!r y g =w>d3 ! o!r urges y to g =w>d1 )\t inquir+ :e!r y h begun to g4 ,accord+ to "o1 ,*ri/ianity is no?+ b a ,,crisis2 accord+ to ! o!r1 no?+ b a ,,developm5t4 #b4 ,crisis & ,developm5t4 ,is !re any tru? 9 ?is ,or?odox view ( man8 any?+ ess5tial1 sub/antial1 vital8 ,& is !re any =mal error8 ,if !re is1 :at is x8 ,is ,*ri/ianity crisis or developm5t1 or bo?8 ,common s5se & ! analogies ( common life mu/ answ]1 8,bo?40 ,if ,*ri/ianity is a life1 x mu/ beg9 ) a bir?2 if a j\rney1 x _c be tak5 except we set out2 if an education1 we mu/ det]m9e to comm5ce ! education2 if labor 9 ,god's v9ey>d1 we mu/ g into ! v9ey>d1 & beg94 ,!re are only two classes--^? :o are alive1 & ^? :o are n alive2 ^? :o are tak+ ! j\rney1 & ^? :o h n yet set out2 ^? :o are /udy+1 & ^? :o h n yet begun to /udy2 ^? :o are at "w = ,god1 & ^? :o are /&+ idle4 ,! di/9ction into two classes seems1 !re=e1 sub/antial & real4 ,x does n foll[1 to be sure1 t ^! two classes c be di/+ui%$ s easily by ! eye ( man2 b !y c]ta9ly c be by ! eye ( ,god4 ,nor does ?is prim>y di/9ction int]f]e ) o!r di/9ctions & _m degrees ( diff]5ce--great] or less diff]5ces & degrees ( progress1 usefulness1 goodness4 ,nor does x foll[ t ^? :o are n[ on ! "r side may n *ange aga9 to ! wrong1 & aga9 to ! "r4 ,!re may be conv]sion1 & re-conv]sion2 b t1 at any mom5t1 e p]son mu/ be ei!r endeavor+ to d "r1 or n s endeavor+1 is evid5t4 ,?is view is confirm$ by ! ,new ,te/am5t3 8,no man c s]ve two ma/]s40 ,t 9 ! religi\s life !re %\ld be bo? crisis & developm5t1 accords ) ! analogies ( nature4 ,! se$ lies 9 ! gr\nd 9 a dormant /ate1 p]haps = a long p]iod4 ,aft] a "t comes a crisis2 ?rills ( life vibrate ?r\gh x2 ! g]m is /irr$2 x s5ds its roots d[nw>d2 its /alk pi]ces ! m\ld1 mov+ upw>d into light & air4 ,aft] ?is great *ange1 !re comes a p]iod ( progress & developm5t4 ,! plant gr[s2 its roots multiply2 its /alk asc5ds1 & divides into leaves4 ,!n !re comes a second crisis4 ,! plant blossoms4 ,9 ! c\rse ( a few h\rs1 aft] weeks ( gr[?1 ! bud bur/s into beautiful petals1 surr\nd+ ! delicate /am5s & preci\s pi/il4 ,!n !re comes a second long p]iod ( sl[ developm5t4 ,! petals fall1 & ! fruit sl[ly swells ?r\gh _m weeks ( gr[?4 ,at la/ !re comes a day :5 ! fruit is ripe4 ,ye/]day x 0 n ripe2 to-day x is4 ,?is is ! ?ird crisis4 ,& s1 9 human life1 long p]iods ( developm5t t]m9ate 9 critical h\rs--! se$s ( ano!r long gr[?4 ,s x is 9 o!r ?+s2 s also 9 religion4 #c4 ,nature ( ! ,*ange4 ,! next position ( ,or?odoxy is1 t man1 9 ! second or reg5]ate /ate1 is a new creature4 ,x ass]ts ! *ange to be entire & radical1 & ! diff]5ce imm5se4 ,n only ! :ole direction ( ! life is *ang$1 b ! motive p[] is diff]5t1 & ! _s diff]5t4 ,in/ead ( ambition1 !re is cont5t2 9 ! place ( s5sitive vanity1 !re comes humility2 in/ead ( anxiety1 tru/ 9 ,god4 ,! burd5 ( s9 is tak5 away2 ! s5se ( our unwor?9ess no long] torm5ts u3 = ,god has =giv5 our s9s4 ,duty no long] seems ardu\s & difficult2 = !re is joy 9 do+ any?+ = ! sake ( ,god4 ,! law is writt5 9 ! he>t4 ,we are born into a new life1 ! pr9ciple ( :i* is fai?4 8,! life ,i n[ live 9 ! fle%1 ,i live by fai? 9 ! ,son ( ,god40 ,?is fai? enables u to see ,god z he is1 n z a /]n ,k+1 or a di/ant ,p[]1 or an ab/ract ,law1 b z a ,fri5d1 ,fa!r1 wat*ful ,provid5ce1 surr\nd+ ,love1 infl[+ ,life2 ,s\rce f :i* we are always com+1 & t[>ds :i* we are always t5d+4 ,?is life ( fai? makes all ?+s new4 ,old ?+s h pass$ away1 & ! outw>d _w is fre% z on ! fir/ morn+ ( creation4 ,our inw>d & outw>d life are bo? new4 ,we h new convictions1 new affections1 new aims1 new hopes1 new joys4 ,nature is new1 life is new1 ! ,bible is new1 ! future _w is new4 ,su* & s great is ! *ange :i* ,or?odoxy assumes z ! result ( conv]sion4 #d4 ,its ,reality & ,importance4 ,& ! exp]i5ce ( ! :ole ,*ur*1 ! biographies ( ! sa9ts 9 e d5om9ation1 assure u ( ! sub/antial tru? ( ?is description4 ,ev5 9 *ur*es :i* are n ,or?odox1--*ur*es l our own1 :i* insi/ m ^u developm5t ?an ^u crisis1--obs]vation v]ifies ?is description4 ,ev5 ^? :o d n expect su* a *ange1 nor believe 9 x1 (t5 come to x unexpect$ly4 ,9 ! c\rse ( ea* "o's exp]i5ce z a ,*ri/ian m9i/]1 ?\gh he may nev] h insi/$ on ! importance ( sudd5 *anges1 & ?\gh he may be no revival prea*]1 he mu/ h kn[n num]\s in/ances ( ^? :o seem to h pass$ f dea? to life 9 ! c\rse ( a day or an h\r4 ,& is n ?is *ange1 ei!r sudd5 or gradual1 t :i* makes ,*ri/ianity a gospel8 ,x is ! good news1 n ( a future & di/ant heav51 b ( a pres5t heav51--a heav5 n outw>d1 b inw>d2 a pres5t salvation f ! p[] ( s92 a pres5t relief f ! s5se ( guilt2 a pres5t joy & peace 9 believ+2 happ9ess 9 s]v+ ,god2 sympa?y & good-w to man1 in/ead ( envy & un*>itabl5ess2 peace ) ,god1 ) man1 ) ourselves1 ) our condition & circum/ances4 ,t su* a /ate is possible = e human be+ :o desires x1 is ! good news :i* ,*ri/ br+s2 & ! exp]i5ce ( t5 ?\s& times t5 ?\s& grateful he>ts decl>es t x is a reality4 #e4 ,is x ! ,"w ( ,god1 or ( ! ,man himself8 ,or?odox ,difficulty4 ,b n[ comes a difficulty 9 ! ,or?odox /atem5t4 ,or?odoxy decl>es t ?is reg5]ate /ate is ! result ( fai?1 n ( works2 & t fai? is ! gift ( ,god2 & h]e9 ,or?odoxy foll[s ! ,scripture4 ,yet ,or?odoxy calls ^u u to rep5t & be conv]t$1 t our s9s may be blott$ out2 & h]e9 likewise ,or?odoxy foll[s ! ,scripture4 ,is1 !n1 conv]sion an exp]i5ce1 or is x an action8 ,is x some?+ ,god gives1 or some?+ :i* he comm&s8 ,is x a duty to be done1 or a gift to be receiv$8 ,is x submission to 8 w1 or joy 9 8 love8 a new life ( ob$i5ce1 or a new he>t ( fai?8 ,if x is submission1 !n we c all *ange our he>ts at once1 & make ourselves love ,god & love man4 ,b :o c love by an ef=t ( ! w8 ,yet1 if ! new life is a gift1 !n we h no p[] to procure x1 & c only wait till ,god sees fit to s5d x2 & h[1 !n1 c we be call$ ^u to be conv]t$8 ,"h is a difficulty :i* x seems to u ,or?odoxy does n solve2 & yet we ?9k t a solution is to be f\nd 9 a v simple di/9ction1 :i*1 l all o!r true & real di/9ctions1 ?r[s light on _m o!r difficulties4 #f4 ,solv$ by ! ,di/9ction betwe5 ,conv]sion & ,reg5]ation4 ,! di/9ction ( :i* we speak is betwe5 rep5tance or conv]sion on ! "o side1 & reg5]ation or a new life on ! o!r side4 ,rep5tance or conv]sion consi/s 9 r5\nc+ all s91 & resolv+ to =sake x2 9 turn+ to ,god1 ) ! purpose ( submitt+ to 8 w & obey+ 8 law4 ,?is conv]sion or rep5tance is an act proce$+ f ! w1 & 9 ob$i5ce to ! consci5ce4 ,?is is :at ,god comm&s1 & :at we c & ought to d4 ,e consci5ti\s p]son1 e p]son :o is endeavor+ to d "r & is ready to act up to 8 light1 is a conv]t$ p]son4 ,e "o :o hates 8 s9s1 resi/s temptation1 wat*es & prays aga9/ x1 is a p5it5t p]son4 ,?is is ! great1 broad di/9ction betwe5 man & man4 ,?is divides all m5 into two classes--^? :o1 9 _! w & purpose1 are = ,god1 tru?1 & "r2 & ^? :o1 because !y are n = ,god1 are really aga9/ him4 ,b1 besides ?is broad di/9ction1 !re is ano!r second>y di/9ction--a di/9ction among ^? :o are consci5ti\sly endeavor+ to d ,god's w4 ,among ! conv]t$ !re are two classes--! reg5]ate & ! unreg5]ate4 ,a man may be conv]t$1 & n be reg5]ate2 = a man may rep5t ( 8 s9 & turn t[>ds ,god1 & yet n h ! life ( love & joy :i* we h describ$4 ,he is "u law1 n "u grace4 ,he is /ruggl+ to d "r1 b is n borne =w>d on a joyful tide-wave ( love4 #g4 ,m5 may be divid$1 religi\sly1 into ?ree ,classes1 n two4 ,if ?is be s1 we may divide m5 into ?ree classes1 & n into two4 ,! fir/ class is ( ^? :o are nei!r conv]t$ nor reg5]ate2 ! second1 :o are conv]t$1 b n reg5]ate2 ! ?ird1 :o are conv]t$1 & also reg5]ate4 ,! fir/ are l ! prodigal 9 ! p>able1--liv+ )\t ,god2 ! second1 l ! hir$ s]vants 9 ! same /ory1--s]v+ ,god = wages2 ! ?ird are sons1 s]v+ f love1 ev] ) _! ,fa!r1 & all t he has is !irs4 ,! motive ( ! fir/ class is selfi% w1 selfi% pleasure2 ! motive ( ! second is duty2 t ( ! ?ird1 love4 ,! fir/ are )\t law1 ! second "u law1 ! ?ird "u grace4 ,& s we might multiply di/9ctions4 ,b is x n cle> to common obs]vation1 t ?is ?reefold classification meets ! facts ( life bett] ?an ! o!r8 ,!re are ?ree degrees ( "*4 ,!re is ! worldly man1 :o is j z good or bad z society ar\nd him leads him to be2 ^: virtues result m]ely f a happy organization1 or =tunate influ5ces1 b :o has no pr9ciple ( goodness1 no purpose ( righte\sness1 no s]i\s aim 9 life4 ,!n !re is ! consci5ti\s man1 :o means to live1 & does live1 by a /&>d ( morality2 :o has a s]i\s aim1 b :o is n yet deeply & joyfully religi\s2 ^: religion1 at any rate1 is h>d "w1 n confid+1 *ild-l fai?4 ,& !n !re is ! ,*ri/ian believ]1 :o has begun to live f fai?2 :o beg9s to feel a high] life p\r+ into 8 he>t f on high2 :o has help & /r5g? f above4 ,f 8 he>t ! burd5 has be5 lift$1 & he has become aga9 z a little *ild4 ,he kn[s h[ to pray ! pray] ( fai?4 ,he may n be s v mu* bett] ?an ! o!r 9 outw>d "*2 b he has ! pr9ciple )9 him :i* w make all ?+s new1 soon] or lat]4 ,! ,new ,te/am5t confirms ?is view ( a ?reefold division4 ,we saw1 9 our la/ *apt]1 t ! apo/le ,paul1 :o consid]s human nature to consi/ ( ?ree elem5ts1--_s1 s\l1 & body1--divides mank9d into ! c>nal man1 ! natural 7psy*ical or s\li%7 man1 & ! spiritual man4 ,! c>nal man is he 9 :om ! bodily in/9cts & appetites are supreme4 8,he is n subject to ! law ( ,god1 nei!r inde$ c be40 ,! natural man is he 9 :om ! s\l is supreme3 he is nei!r c>nal on "o side1 nor spiritual on ! o!r4 8,he _c receive ! ?+s ( ! ,_s ( ,god20 yet he is n 9 opposition & ho/ility to !m1 l ! c>nal man1 ^: m9d is enmity aga9/ ,god4 ,/ill m pla9ly does ! apo/le indicate ! di/9ction :5 speak+ ( ^? :o are )\t law1 ^? :o are "u law1 & ^? :o are free f law & above x4 ,! fir/ /ate he describes 9 su* words z ^!3 8,i 0 alive )\t ! law once0--! glad1 natural life & fre$om be=e consci5ce is develop$4 ,b consci5ce does awake 9 all3 8,! comm&m5t came1 s9 reviv$1 & ,i di$40 ,:5 man sees t he ought to s]ve ,god1 yet cont9ues to s]ve ! fle% & ! _w1 he is spok5 ( z dead 9 s92 = all ! pr9ciple ( progress ceases4 ,b if he does endeavor to d "r1 !n ,paul speaks ( him z "u law1 & on 8 way to a high] /ate4 ,t high] /ate he speaks ( z be+ 8deliv]$ f ! law1 to s]ve 9 newness ( _s1 & n 9 oldness ( lett]40 ,?us we see t all religi\s exp]i5ces co9cide4 ,! exp]i5ce ( ! apo/le ,paul is exactly ! same1 9 its ess5tials1 ) t ( e s\l1 h[ev] humble1 t beg9s & goes =w>d 9 ! ,*ri/ian life4 ,if ?is di/9ction betwe5 conv]sion & reg5]ation be correct1 x removes ! difficulty 9 ! ,or?odox /atem5t4 #h4 ,diff]5ce betwe5 ,conv]sion & ,reg5]ation4 ,conv]sion is an act1 reg5]ation an exp]i5ce4 8,turn ye1 turn ye2 = :y w ye die80 is ! comm& ( ! ,old ,te/am5t4 8,rep5t1 & be conv]t$1 t y\r s9s may be blott$ out20 8,rep5t1 & be baptiz$1 & ye %all receive ! gift ( ! ,holy ,gho/10 is ! comm& ( ! ,new ,te/am5t4 ,x is a duty to rep5t2 b to become reg5]ate is n a duty3 t is a gift1 to be receiv$ aft]w>ds4 ,god comm&s conv]sion3 he be/[s reg5]ation4 ,submission is an act ( our own3 fai? is ! gift ( ,god4 ,a *ange ( outw>d life & conduct we c accompli% ourselves2 at lea/1 we c endeavor to accompli% x2 b ! *ange ( he>t ,god himself w be/[4 ,conv]sion1 a turn+ r\nd1 is necess>ily in/antane\s3 x is a *ange4 ,b reg5]ation1 or reception ( div9e ,love1 is a /ate1 n sudd51 b pass+ by gradations into a deep] & deep] life ( fai? & joy4 ,s1 too1 conv]sion may be repeat$3 we may (t5 f9d t we h aga9 turn$ r\nd1 & are go+ ! wrong way4 ,b ! infl[ ( life1 :5 begun1 _c be begun aga94 ,:5 ,god has t\*$ ! he>t ) 8 love1 x is =ev] lift$ by t div9e exp]i5ce beyond ! region ( m]e law4 ,we c nev] =get x4 ,^! are !3 8,tru?s :i* wake ,to p]i% nev]2 ,:i* nei!r li/lessness nor mad endeavor1 ,nor man nor boy1 ,nor aught t is at enmity ) joy1 ,c utt]ly aboli% or de/roy40 ,& h]e9 lies ! basis ( ! tru? 9 ! doctr9e ( ! 8p]sev]ance ( sa9ts40 #i4 ,unsatisfactory ,attitude ( ! ,or?odox ,*ur*4 ,we _c b ?9k ! attitude ( ,or?odoxy t[>ds ?is "p ( ,*ri/ianity to be s+ul>ly unsatisfactory & ineffici5t4 ,! "w ( ! ,*ur*1 all admit1 is to conv]t ! _w to ,god1 & s save x f ! p[] & evil ( s94 ,b if ?is is a "w :i* ! ,*ur* has to d1 x ought surely to h "s fix$ me?od or rule by :i* to act4 ,x %\ld n be a matt] ( accid5t :e!r x c d its "w or n4 ,x %\ld n be 9 d\bt1 e day1 z to ! success to come f its ef=ts4 ,if its "w is to make m5 ,*ri/ians1 x ought to "k h[ to d x1 be able to d x1 & "k :5 x is done4 ,su* is ! case ) all o!r "w4 ,if a man is to build a h\se1 he does n br+ toge!r 8 mat]ials1 hire 8 c>p5t]s & masons1 &1 :5 all are on ! gr\nd1 sit d[n ) !m1 & wait = "s emotion or int]ior *ange by :i* !y w be enabl$ to g on & d _! "w4 ,if we are me*anics1 m]*ants1 lawy]s1 physicians1 tea*]s1 we d n wait = a revival be=e we c prop]ly fulfil our engagem5ts4 ,x is only 9 ! "w ( conv]t+ ! _w to ,god--! greate/ & mo/ important ( all--t su* a /range sy/em is adopt$4 ,we are told to put ourselves 9 ! prop] place1 namely1 ! ,*ur*2 collect our mat]ials1 t is1 ! means ( grace2 & !n we are to wait until1 someh[ or o!r1 we may be able to get religion4 ,religion is made a spasm1 a /ruggle1 an agony--n a regul> "w1 n a /eady gr[?4 ,ev]y?+ ab\t x is unc]ta9 & t5tative4 ,no "o kn[s :5 he w become a ,*ri/ian1 b hopes1 "s "t or o!r1 t he %all be made "o4 ,! common ?\ght1 produc$ by ! common ,or?odox sy/em ( prea*+1 0 express$ once 9 a public meet+ by ,h5ry ,clay4 8,i am n10 he said1 8a ,*ri/ian4 ,i am sorry ,i am n4 ,i wi% ,i 74 ,i hope t1 "s day1 ,i %all be40 ,he did n mean by ?is to say t he 0 an unbeliev]2 b he _h adopt$ ! helpless1 passive sy/em by :i* he 0 taught t he _h no?+ to d b wait till "s great *ange %\ld take place 9 8 s\l4 ,out ( ?is way ( ?\ght comes ! revival sy/em1 :i* is a curi\s bl5d+ ( ma*9]y & expectation1 ( adroit & c>eful managem5t ) reliance on "s great inspiration4 ,crisis & developm5t are to be expect$1 no d\bt2 b we d n set a trap to cat* ! ,spr+4 ,x is ours to plant & to wat]1 b x is ,god's to give ! increase4 ,t1 !re=e1 %\ld be left to him4 ,! revival sy/em is ,arm9ianism graft$ on ,calv9ism4 ,x is an attempt to unite ! belief t man is :olly passive 9 conv]sion1 & is n able to prep>e himself !reunto1 ) ! opposite doctr9e t by a use ( means he c become a ,*ri/ian4 ,x is an attempt to unite ! ,calv9i/ic article t ,god1 :5 he *ooses1 calls ^? he has pr$e/9$ to et]nal life1 ) ! attempt to make him *oose our "t & way4 ,su* a sy/em1 disjo9t$ at its c5tre1 mu/ necess>ily "w badly1 & result 9 an alt]nation ( fev]i% heats & agui% *ills4 ,to c>ry on ! "w ( ! ,*ur* by revivals is z unreasonable z x w\ld be to c>ry on a s*ool1 or a cotton factory1 by a revival sy/em--alt]nations ( viol5t /udy & "w1 foll[$ by relapses into indol5ce & slo?4 ,! ,*ur* ( ,rome has a great advantage ov] ,prote/ant ,or?odoxy 9 ?is respect4 ,x1 too1 admits revivals1 & has its p]iods ( extraord9>y att5tion to religion4 ,b !re is ?is great diff]5ce4 ,x does n dep5d on !m = creat+ ,*ri/ianity 9 ! s\l2 x uses !m only = increas+ its w>m? & p[]4 ,9 ! ,roman ,*ur* e baptiz$ p]son is a ,*ri/ian s long z he does n cont9ue 9 mortal s91 b by ! regul> use ( ! sacram5ts pres]ves 8 ,*ri/ian life4 ,! ess5tial "w ( ! ,*ur* is done by its regul> me?ods--by baptism1 confession1 & its ritual s]vice4 ,9 ! ,*ur* ( ,rome1 all connect$ ) x are ,*ri/ians1 & 9 ! way ( salvation4 ,9 ,prote/ant ,or?odox *ur*es1 if any ( ^? born & br\ght up 9 x are ,*ri/ians1 x is1 s f> z !y are conc]n$1 a happy accid5t4 ,all ?is %[s some?+ wrong 9 ! common !ory ( conv]sion4 ,e "o 9 a ,*ri/ian community :o desires to be a ,*ri/ian ought to be able to become "o4 ,*ri/ianity is a gospel1 because x op5s ! k+dom ( heav5 to all4 ,! call ( ! ,*ur* at ! beg9n+ 0 to foll[ ,*ri/4 ,any "o :o 0 will+ to foll[ ,*ri/ 0 baptiz$ at once1 & became a ,*ri/ian4 ,no "o wait$ till he %\ld exp]i5ce "s rem>kable int]ior *ange1 or "s influ5ce ( ! ,holy ,gho/4 ,! promise at fir/ 01 t :osoev] became a ,*ri/ian %\ld receive ! ,holy ,gho/ aft]w>ds4 ,spiritual influ5ces 7 n ! condition ( ,*ri/ianity1 b ! result ( ,*ri/ianity4 ,"o bad consequ5ce ( ! ,or?odox idea is disc\ragem5t on ! "o side1 & spiritual pride on ! o!r4 ,^? :o are n conv]t$ are disc\rag$1 & depriv$ ( ! com=ts ( ,*ri/ian fai?4 ,^? :o ?9k !y h be5 conv]t$ are satisfi$ ) ?is pa/ exp]i5ce1 & believe !mselves ,*ri/ians on ! /r5g? ( x4 ,because "s spiritual commotion took place 9 _! s\ls at a c]ta9 "t & place1 !y consid] !mselves *ildr5 ( ,god & heirs ( 8 favor1 ?\gh 9 _! daily lives !y may %[ little pro( ( practical ,*ri/ianity4 ,& ! result ( ?is1 aga91 is a pr(ess$ di/ru/1 by ! majority ( s5sible m51 ( su* conv]sions4 ,m5 ( ! _w d n f9d t pr(ess$ ,*ri/ians are bett] ?an !mselves4 ,(t51 inde$1 *ur* memb]s are n s j1 hone/1 manly1 or tru?ful z ^? :o make no claim to religion4 ,& ! reason is simply ?is--t !y h be5 taught to believe t ! ess5ce ( ,*ri/ianity does n consi/ 9 righte\sness1 b 9 c]ta9 religi\s exp]i5ces4 #aj4 ,! ,ess5tial ,?+ = ,man is to rep5t & be conv]t$2 t is1 to make x 8 ,purpose to obey ,god 9 all ,?+s4 ,z f> z man is conc]n$1 rep5tance is ! "o ?+ ne$ful4 ,b by rep5tance we d n mean sorr[ or contrition1 b simply turn+ r\nd :5ev] we are go+ wrong1 & beg9n+ at once to g "r4 ,?is is some?+ 9 e man's p[]1 & ?is makes him a ,*ri/ian2 ?is gives him a claim to all ! promises & hopes ( ! gospel "h & h]eaft]4 ,x w\ld seem t !re ne$ be no d\bt z to ! nature ( rep5tance :ile ! p>able ( ! prodigal son /&s 9 ! ,bible4 ,t div9e /ory gives u ! :ole !ory ( rep5tance & reg5]ation--rep5tance be+ t :i* comes f man1 reg5]ation t :i* is giv5 by ,god4 ,:5 ! prodigal son 0 aw>e ( 8 s9 & sorr[1 & said1 8,i w arise1 & g to my fa!r20 & :5 he arose1 & w5t to 8 fa!r1 & confess$ 8 s9 & ne$1 !n he _h rep5t$4 ,x 0 simply go+ to 8 fa!r ) ! purpose ( ob$i5ce4 ,& :5 ! fa!r receiv$ him1 n ) reproa*1 b ) p>don & joy1 !n he 0 born aga91 introduc$ into a new life1 into ! peace1 & love1 & fre$om ( 8 own home4 8,"o ?+ is ne$ful10 said ,jesus2 t is1 to sit at ! feet ( ! ,ma/]1 to foll[ him1 to become 8 disciple4 ,t is all we h to d2 !n we are safe4 ,we c tru/ ,god to d 8 "p if we d ours4 ,he w give u 8 ,holy ,_s2 he w give u a new he>t2 he w put 8 peace & /r5g? into our s\ls4 ,x is n necess>y to be anxi\s1 or to be inspect+ our feel+s to see if we are feel+ "r4 ,all su* introspection is unnecess>y if we h fai? 9 ,god & 8 promises4 ,we are ,*ri/ians j z long z we are obey+ ,god & foll[+ ,*ri/4 ,:5 we f9d ourselves disob$i5t1 selfi%1 go+ wrong1 !n ! "o ?+ ne$ful is to rep5t & be conv]t$4 ,we are to come back to our duty4 ,! g5]al impression 9 ,or?odox *ur*es1 result+ f ! prea*+1 is1 t n mu* is ga9$ by do+ "o's duty unless "o is reg5]ate4 ,do+ our duty does n make u ,*ri/ians1 does n save ! s\l2 s1 :y be p>ticul> 9 do+ m ?an o!rs1 or be+ bett] ?an o!rs8 ,or?odox congregations believe 9 ! new life1 b n 9 ob$i5ce z its necess>y antec$5t4 ,unit>ians1 on ! o!r h&1 believe 9 ob$i5ce1 b h little fai? 9 a high] life z atta9able "h4 ,h5ce a ,unit>ian congregation usually consi/s ( intellig5t1 virtu\s1 well-mean+ p1 b de/itute ( en?usiasm1 & ) little confid5ce 9 ! new bir? or religi\s life4 ,unit>ians believe 9 ob$i5ce z ! "o ?+ ne$ful2 & 9 ?is !y are "r4 ,b !y are wrong 9 n expect+ ! influ5ces :i* ,god is always ready to give1 :i* *ange ! he>t1 & fill x ) a peace pass+ und]/&+1 :i* make duties easy1 :i* fill life ) joy1 & take ! /+ f dea?4 ,! ,or?odox believe 9 all ^! high] emotions & /ates ( ! s\l1 b un=tunately d n believe 9 ob$i5ce z ! "o ?+ ne$ful4 ,!y ?9k t "s emotional transaction 9 ! s\l is ! "o ?+ ne$ful4 #aa4 ,reg5]ation is ,god's ,"w 9 ! ,s\l4 ,exam9ation ( ! ,classical ,passage1 or conv]sation ( ,jesus ) ,nicodemus4 ,9 ! ?ird *apt] ( ,john we h ! conv]sation :i* has be5 made ! basis ( ! doctr9e ( ! new bir?4 ,9 ?is conv]sation ( ,jesus ) ,nicodemus we h ! old argum5t1 :i* is always be+ r5ew$1 betwe5 ! lett] & ! _s1 betwe5 k & insight1 betwe5 r\t9e & g5ius1 c]emony & inspiration1 ! pa/ & ! future1 ! goodness ( habit & ! hol9ess born out ( ! liv+ vision ( good4 ,9 fact ?is little dialogue may be consid]$ z a r5ewal1 on a high] plane1 ( ! picture giv5 u by ,luke ( ! boy ,jesus 9 ! temple talk+ ) ! doctors4 ,! common doctr9e ( ! ,or?odox *ur*es ab\t ?is *apt] is1 t ,jesus tea*es "h t no man c be a ,*ri/ian or a good man unless he passes ?r\gh "s my/]i\s exp]i5ce1 usually sudd51 ( :i* he mu/ be consci\s1 :i* gives him a c]ta9 def9ite s]ies ( v deep feel+s4 ,fir/1 he mu/ feel v deeply t he is a s9n]2 !n t he _c by any ef=t ( 8 own become diff]5t2 ?irdly1 t1 unless ,god makes him diff]5t1 he nev] c be sav$2 &1 la/ly1 he mu/ feel t ,god w *ange 8 he>t1 & save him4 ,hav+ pass$ ?r\gh ?is k9d ( exp]i5ce1 x is assum$ t he is 8born aga920 t he is a ,*ri/ian2 t he is a new creature2 t he has a new he>t2 t if he dies n[ he w g to heav52 :]eas1 if he _h di$ be=e1 he w\ld h gone to hell4 ,x is also ,or?odox to believe t a man c d no?+ himself to produce ?is *ange ( he>t1 or facilitate x4 ,a v int]e/+ book 0 publi%$ n long ago1 writt5 by ,miss ,ca!r9e ,bee*]1 9 :i* %e describes ! suff]+s caus$ 9 h] own exp]i5ce by ?is !ory ( reg5]ation4 ,h] fa!r fully believ$ 9 x1 & ?\ght x necess>y to c>ry all 8 *ildr5 ?r\gh x someh[ or o!r4 ,_! conv]sions1 to be sure1 7 n all q 9 rule2 especially t ( ,h5ry seems to h be5 a little abnormal1 if we may tru/ an acc\nt giv5 by himself 9 an article on ! dissolution ( ! ,b[do9 ,/reet ,*ur* & congregation1 ,bo/on1 ( :i* 8 fa!r 0 ! fir/ m9i/]4 ,! description is s sugge/ive t we w quote ! passage3-- 8,if somebody w look 9 ! old records ( ,hanov] ,/reet ,*ur* ab\t #ahbi1 !y w f9d a "n !re ( a boy ab\t fifte5 ye>s old1 :o 0 br\ght into ! ,*ur* on a sympa!tic wave1 & :o well rememb]s h[ cold & almo/ p>alyz$ he felt :ile ! committee que/ion$ him ab\t 8 #8hope' & #8evid5ces1' :i* ^u review am\nt$ to ?is--t ! son ( su* a fa!r ought to be a good & pi\s boy4 ,be+ t5d]-he>t$ & quick to respond to moral sympa?y1 he _h be5 caught & inflam$ 9 a s*ool excitem5t1 b 0 j gett+ ov] x :5 summon$ to ,bo/on to jo9 ! *ur*6 ,on ! morn+ ( ! day1 he w5t to *ur* )\t see+ any?+ he look$ at4 ,he he>d 8 "n call$ f ! pulpit among _m o!rs1 & trembl$2 rose up ) e emotion petrifi$2 c\nt$ ! spots on ! c>pet2 look$ pite\sly up at ! cornice2 he>d ! fans creak 9 ! pews ne> him2 felt ?ankful to a fly t lit on 8 face1 z if some?+ famili> at la/ _h come to break an awful trance2 he>d fa9tly a read+ ( ! articles ( fai?2 wond]$ :e!r he %\ld be /ruck dead = n feel+ m--:e!r he %\ld g to hell = t\*+ ! bread & w9e t he did n d>e to take nor to refuse2 sp5t ! morn+ s]vice unc]ta9 :e!r dream+1 or out ( ! body1 or 9 a trance2 & at la/ walk$ home cry+1 & wi%+ he knew :at1 n[ t he 0 a ,*ri/ian1 he %\ld d1 & h[ he 0 to d x4 ,ah1 well2 !re is a _w ( ?+s 9 *ildr5's m9ds t gr[n-up p d n imag9e1 ?\gh !y1 too1 once 7 "y60 ,n[1 if 8 /ate ( m9d1 ?us describ$1 _h be5 at t "t expos$ & told1 x w\ld n h be5 ?\ght a v s\nd ,or?odox exp]i5ce4 ,b 9 reality ! boy 0 at t v "t z good a ,*ri/ian = a boy z he is n[ = a man4 ,b ,miss ,bee*]1 9 ! book ref]r$ to1 tells u t :5 "o ( h] o!r bro!rs 0 /riv+ 9 pray] = ?is *ange ( he>t1 ) groans & /ruggles1 ! h\se 0 l a tomb4 ,! poor "y man 0 9 8 *amb] alone1 & 8 groans & cries 7 he>d ?r\gh ! :ole h\se4 ,all ! o!r memb]s ( ! family /aid 9 _! own rooms 9 sil5ce1 until at la/1 by "s natural reaction ( feel+1 !re came a s5se ( re/ & peace to 8 m9d1 :i* !y believ$ to be ! new bir?4 ,%e also describes ! way 9 :i* ,dr4 ,payson1 ( ,portl&1 tortur$ 8 little daught]1 ?ree ye>s old1 by a torture z well meant1 z consci5ti\s1 & m t]rible ?an t ( ! ,holy ,inquisition4 ,he told 8 little daught] t %e hat$ ,god2 t %e mu/ h a *ange ( he>t1 b t %e c\ld n get x = h]self2 & t ev5 h] pray]s1 until %e 0 conv]t$1 7 only mak+ h] worse4 ,! poor little girl d5i$ t %e hat$ ,god2 %e said %e 0 sure %e lov$ him4 ,!n ! misguid$ fa!r br\ght up all h] little *ildi% faults z a pro( t %e hat$ ,god2 = if %e lov$ him %e w\ld nev] d wrong4 ,& s1 f ?ree ye>s ( age till %e 0 ?irte51 ?is poor1 infatuat$ p>5t torm5t$ ?is little *ild by keep+ h] on ?is spiritual rack--all because ( a false view ( ! passages conc]n+ reg5]ation 9 ! ,bible4 ,& :5 we ?9k ( ! tw5ty ?\s& pulpits :i* to-day are tea*+ 9 ?is c\ntry ?is same sort ( belief1 x is evid5t t x is our duty to see :at ! ,ma/] really meant to tea* u by ?is passage4 ,nicodemus is ! type ( a class ( m5 common 9 all times4 ,we h se5 ,nicodemus v (t54 ,he is a good man ^: goodness has no life 9 x4 ,8 goodness is a sort ( an automaton--all ma*9]y & no s\l4 ,he is s ?or\ghly "r 9 all he does2 ev]y?+ ab\t him is s prop]2 he is s p]fectly en rgle 9 8 own eyes1--t we sometimes wi% t he might be betray$ into "s impropriety1 commit "s n too great folly1 h "s escapade ( ra% en?usiasm4 ,y respect him s mu*1 y wond] :y y d n love him m4 ,x is because he is n op5 to influ5ce4 ,8 goodness is s rigid1 8 op9ions s decl>$1 8 "* s pron\nc$1 t !re is no crack any:]e by :i* ,god or man c rea* him4 ,he has a :ole armor ( op9ions all r\nd him1 & y _c get ?r\gh x4 ,he has n>r[$ himself1 & %ut himself 91 s t he feels no influ5ce ( sympa?y com+ f ! wide ocean ( humanity ar\nd1 no influ5ce ( love f ! deep heav5 ( ,god above4 ,he is a sort ( good rh9oc]os1 ) a sk9 s ?ick t no?+ c pi]ce x4 ,nicodemus 0 su* a man1 & he came to ,jesus ) all 8 op9ions cut & dri$1 ready = an argum5t4 ,he beg9s 9 a v =mal & precise way4 8,rabbi1 we "k ?\ art a tea*] come f ,god1 = no man c d ^! miracles t ?\ doe/ except ,god be ) him40 ,he obs]ves all proprieties2 he calls ,jesus ,doctor1--8,rabbi10--b takes good c>e n to call him ,*ri/4 ,he gives 8 reason = ?9k+ ,jesus a tea*] come f ,god1 namely1 8 miracles4 ,n 8 hol9ess1 n 8 inspiration1 n 8 supreme sweetness1 n t he is a *annel ?r\gh :i* ,god's t5d]ness runs d[n into our he>ts4 ,no2 he sees no su* spiritual pro( z ?is1 b a m]ely logical "o1 express$ almo/ 9 ! =m ( a syllogism4 ,major proposition--8,no man c "w miracles )\t ,god's help40 ,m9or proposition--8,jesus works miracles40 ,conclusion--8,!re=e ,jesus has ,god's help40 ,n[1 :at does ,jesus reply8 ,evid5tly mu* ( ! conv]sation has be5 omitt$4 ,we h only ! sub/ance ( x "h4 8,y believe 9 ! k+dom ( heav51 ,nicodemus40 8,c]ta9ly40 8,h[ d y expect to "k x :5 y see x80 8,by "s great outw>d signs2 some?+ :i* %all %ake heav5 & e>?2 ! ,messiah com+ 9 ! sky1 ) angels40 8,nicodemus1 y _c ev5 see ! k+dom :5 x is "h1 if y look = x s2 y mu/ be born aga9 y\rself2 y mu/ be *ang$1 & become z a little *ild1 9 ord] to ent] ! k+dom40 ,we rememb] t ,pet]1 :o 0 probably n half z good z ,nicodemus1 an impulsive s\l1 0 nev]!less en\gh ( a little *ild1 9 op5ness ( he>t1 to see t ?is 0 ! k+dom ( heav51--?is tea*+ & life ( ,jesus1--& t ,jesus 0 ! ,messiah4 ,b ,nicodemus says1 8,no4 ,a ,g5tile1 a hea!n1 ought1 no d\bt1 to beg9 at ! beg9n+1 give up all 8 old op9ions1 & be born ( wat] by be+ baptiz$4 ,he %\ld beg9 by a recantation4 ,i suppose t is :at y mean by be+ born aga94 ,b ,i ought n1 = ,i am a ,jew1 gr[n up 9 ! true k ( ,god1 le>n$ f ,moses & ! prophets4 ,s ,i ne$ n beg9 my life aga940 ,jesus !n replies1 8,! =m is no?+4 ,y mu/ be born n only ( wat]1 b ( ! ,_s1 9 ord] to ent] ! k+dom ( ,god4 ,y ne$ n only to wa% (f all y\r old op9ions & conduct1 z ! ,g5tiles mu/ d2 b also y mu/ be made a little *ild by lay+ y\r he>t op5 to ,god's ,_s1 & lett+ x lead y\r ?\ghts into new ways1 y\r he>t into new love1 & y\r life into new action4 ,y mu/ be will+ to foll[ me1 n by night only1 b 9 ! day4 ,if !y turn y out ( ! ,sanh$rim1 y mu/ n m9d t2 y mu/ f9d y\r happ9ess 9 gett+ good & do+ good2 receiv+ ,god's love into y\r s\l1 & lett+ x g out aga94 ,y mu/ give y\rself up to ?is div9e influ5ce40 ,!n ,nicodemus says1 8,h[ c ^! ?+s be80 ,he wi%es to see ! way1 to h x all m>k$ out2 to h a cre$ ) all its articles ( belief fix$2 a programme ( :at he is to d arrang$4 ,! _s he does n q und]/&4 ,give x to him 9 ! lett]1 & he c d x4 ,he wants a map ( ! op]ations ( ! ,holy ,_s4 8,are y a tea*] ( ,israel1 & d n "k ?is80 replies ,jesus4 8,! :ole ,old ,te/am5t is full ( ?is inspiration2 full ( ! ,_s ( ,god com+ & go+1 9 a ?\s& ways1 & n by any special rule or me?od2 go+ z ! w9d comes & goes 9 ! sky1 we d n "k :5ce or h[40 ,x is well t "s ?+s _c be arrang$ be=eh&--well t no almanac c tell if ! w9d to-morr[ is to be ea/ or we/1 nor? or s\?4 ,i sit 9 ! sweet autumn woods4 ,i see ! squirrel leap f bran* to bran*4 ,i he> ! woodpeck] tapp+ ! trunk ) sagaci\s beak1 wat*+ :5 ! s\nd %all indicate t a worm has hidd5 himself bel[ ! b>k4 ,all else is calm & /ill4 ,i look up & see ! :ite cl\ds drift+ ?r\gh ! deep ocean ( blue above4 ,!n !re comes a sudd5 %iv] ?r\gh ! tree-tops1 a spr9kl+ ( dry leaves on ! grass1 a :isp]1 a ru% ( air2 & n[ e tree is sw++ its bran*es 9 ! breeze4 ,s is e "o t is born ( ! ,_s6 ,god comes to u all 9 ^! uncalculat$1 incalculable ways4 ,he moves our consci5ce by ! light ( loyalty & fidelity 9 ano!r s\l4 ,!re comes ?r\gh all ! l& a fre% breeze ( ju/ice & "r1 & all at once we feel t we ought to lead bett] lives1 m manly1 m true4 ,!re comes a revival ( hone/y1 z well z ( piety4 ,ye/]day y did n c>e = x2 n[ y d4 ,god's holy air ( tru? & "r is sweep+ ?r\gh ! l&4 ,we all arise & say1 8,no matt] :at our fa!rs cons5t$ to2 no matt] :at we h cons5t$ to 9 pa/ times2 we w h no m compromises ) evil & s91 no m concessions to tyranny & cruelty40 ,:5 ?is _s comes to a nation1 or to a community1 x is z mu* a revival s5t by ,god1 z ! re=mation ( ,lu!r1 or ! re=mation ( ,wesley4 ,jesus means to tea* u "h t ! ,_s ( ,god comes 9 a great _m diff]5t ways1 comes unexpect$ & un=ese51 comes unapp>5t z ! invisible air4 ,s came ! re=mation ( ,lu!r4 ,lu!r did n mean to make a re=mation1 or to build a new ,*ur*47#ag7 ,all recollect ! /ory ( ! ,quak]1 ,george ,fox1 h[ he w5t f ,*ur* to ,*ur*1 & got no good1 & at la/ op5$ 8 s\l to ,god1 & 0 l$ by ! ,_s into new & /range ?\ghts & purposes1 & became a re=m]1 & f\nd] ( a d5om9ation1 un9t5tionally4 ,& s ! ,quak] movem5t came--! mo/ radical re=m :i* ev] sprang up 9 ! ,*ri/ian ,*ur*4 ,x aboli%$ ! m9i/ry & sacram5ts1 baptism1 & ! ,"l's supp]4 ,x re=m$ ! !ology ( ,*ri/5dom1 putt+ ! inn] light above ! writt5 words4 ,x re=m$ life1 oppos+ w>1 oa?s1 slav]y1 & fa%ion4 ,& z x came1 s is x pass+ away1 hav+ done its "w4 ,z ! breeze dies s(tly1 & ! leaves cease to glitt] 9 ! sunlight1 & ! r$ leaf on ! top-mo/ twig1 f> up 9 ! sky1 leaves (f its airy dance1 & at la/ hangs motionless1 s ! wild air :i* /irr$ 9 ! dep?s ( all he>ts dies away 9 sil5ce1 & old op9ions & old cu/oms resume _! places1 yet all purifi$ & *ang$4 ,only ^? :i* 7 s :olly dead t ! w9d blew !m entirely away1 are gone =ev]4 ,s are ! *anges :i* come 9 human he>ts1 we "k n :5ce or h[4 ,x is a great mi/ake 9 ! ,*ur* to h a /]eotyp$ exp]i5ce1 to :i* all mu/ con=m4 ,procru/es only lopp$ ! limbs to suit ! measure ( 8 b$2 b ^! rules & m\lds = ! spiritual life1 cut d[n ! new man1 :o is made by ,god's ,_s1 to ! e>?ly /&>d ( "s n>r[ /unt$ exp]i5ce ( o!r times4 ,?is x is 8to grieve ! ,_s10 & to 8qu5* ! ,_s40 ,= ,god's ,_s goes ev]y:]e1 & :]e x goes x produces ! be/ evid5ce ( ,*ri/ianity 9 sweet1 holy1 ,*ri/ian lives4 ,x is ! w9d :i* bl[s :]e x w1 :i* does n run on a railroad ?r\gh ! sky1 or /op at any p>ticul> /ations 9 ! cl\ds1 or g by any "t-table4 ,god's ,_s comes & goes n accord+ to any rules ( ours4 ,! publicans & s9n]s h x1 & %[ x1 sometimes1 in/ead ( ! ,scribes & ,ph>isees4 ,= s ! apo/le decl>es t !re are 8diff]5ces ( op]ation1 b ! same ,_s40 ,sometimes y see a h>d man1 a man ( ! _w1 :o has be5 fight+ 8 way ?r\gh life1 till he has come to rely :olly on himself1 & feels l "s ( ^? rocky reefs :i* /& out 9 ! sea on our ,new ,engl& coa/1 & h borne ! onset ( a ?\s& /orms4 ,yet at la/ he is s(t5$4 ,we see x1 we feel x4 ,!re is a /range s(tness 9 8 tone1 a g5tl5ess 9 8 mann]1 a suspicion ( moi/ure 9 8 eye4 ,! good ,god has be5 mov+ 9 8 he>t2 p]haps x 0 by "s trial or disappo9tm5t1 or ! loss ( "s curly-head$ d>l+1 :o w5t up to heav51 & left ! doors op5 beh9d1 s t ! joyful music :i* welcom$ h] came d[n to 8 e>s & t\*$ 8 s\l4 ,:5 m5 see t1 !y say1 8,well1 !re is some?+ 9 religion1 aft] all1 if x c t\* su* a he>t z 840 ,sometimes we see a ,*ri/ian :o is at fir/ all consci5ce1 all "w4 ,religion means to him1 do+ 8 duty4 ,he int5ds to be a ,*ri/ian1 & wi%es o!rs to be s4 ,b x is a piece ( h>d "w4 ,8 ,*ri/ianity rem9ds "o ( ! poor woman :o ?\ght x 8a *ore to live40 ,b aft] a :ile1 we see a *ange--v gradual1 b /ill v c]ta94 ,he is beg9n+ to get acqua9t$ ) ! gospel side ( ,*ri/ianity4 ,he le>ns to =give himself 8 own s9s1 & s he c =give o!rs4 ,8 face beg9s to reflect m & m ( heav54 ,x is ! *ange :i* comes to ! grapes 9 ,octob]4 ,p]haps y h "s ,catawba grapes on ! s\? side ( y\r h\se1 & !y gr[ v nicely all ?r\gh ! summ]4 ,!y are good1 l>ge grapes well =m$1 good clu/]s1 b v s\r4 ,b by & by !re comes ! f9al *ange2 ! juice gr[s sweet )9 ! b]ry4 ,!re is b a v little diff]5ce 9 its appe>ance1 b a v great *ange )94 ,:5 we see ?is alt]ation 9 a man1 we say1 8,!re is surely some?+ 9 ,*ri/ianity to produce su* a *ange4 ,:y1 :at a v sweet ,*ri/ian he has gr[n to be60 ,x took all ! summ] & "p ( ! fall to d ! "w2 b no matt]4 ,god is n 9 a hurry4 ,"s fruit rip5s soon]1 & "s lat]2 t is all4 ,i look$ up f my table z ,i wrote ^! words1 & saw f my w9d[ a tulip tree & a maple1 ea* dress$ 9 its royal robes ( beauty--! gift ( ! decl9+ ye>2 ! gre5 leaves ( ! "o t\*$ ) gold1 & ! o!r ) its crimson & sc>let glories4 ,!y 7 full ( sunlight1 & made ! :ole l&scape glad & gay4 ,no ,tyrian loom c\ld rival ! purple spl5dors & deep crimson ( ^! trees4 ,:y does ,god give all ?is v>i$ beauty to ! ,octob] woods1 s t ,solomon 9 all 8 glory 0 n array$ l "o ( ^! oaks or maples8 ,is n ?is also to t\* our he>ts ) a s5se ( 8 love8 ,an autumn ride is also a means ( grace2 q z mu* s1 p]haps1 z a tract or s]mon4 ,if we see ,god 9 nature1 !n nature may also be ! s\rce ( a new bir? to u4 8,"o impulse f ! autumn wood ,may tea* u m ( man1 ,( moral evil & ( good1 ,?an all ! sages c40 ,:at ,i und]/& ,jesus1 !n1 to tea* 9 ?is passage1 is1 t we mu/ become z little *ildr51 9 ord] to see heav5ly ?+s2 t1 l new-born babes1 we mu/ receive meekly ! milk ( ! ^w ( ,god2 t spiritual influ5ces are all ar\nd u1 invisible--incalculable3 t n by ! regul> outw>d means ( religion alone1 b by a ?\s& o!r ways1 ,god comes to u4 ,he means t we %\ld believe 9 ! pres5ce & ne>ness ( ,god's ,_s always2 t we %\ld op5 our he>ts & m9ds to be l$ by x into tru? & love4 ,he meant ! v opposite ( :at he has be5 made to mean4 ,he did n mean t all s\ls mu/ pass ?r\gh "o & ! same religions exp]i5ce1 b t1 z ! w9d bl[s a ?\s& ways1 s ,god's ,_s comes to ! he>t by a ?\s& ways4 ,s com+1 x makes ! h>d he>t t5d]1 ! rude w g5tle1 ! selfi% s\l g5]\s1 gives ! reckless a new s5se ( responsibility4 ,jesus means t we %\ld n be disc\rag$ because we f9d x h>d to correct our faults1 or to ent] into ,god's love4 ,god's ,_s comes to u :5 we _c g to f9d x4 ,god's love comes into our he>ts :5 we long = x1 look = x1 wait = x4 ,look up1 !n1 poor trembl+ he>t2 look up1 & see ,god ne>4 ,look up1 h>d he>t1 & feel ! s(t %[]s ( div9e grace com+ d[n to make ev]y?+ t5d]4 ,look up1 & be made new creatures1 become z little *ildr51 be born anew1 e day1 into a fre% inspiration1 fai?1 & hope2 & s ent] e day ! k+dom ( heav56 #ab4 ,evid5ces ( ,reg5]ation4 ,! common ,or?odox me?od is to require & expect evid5ce ( ! ,*ri/ian *ange4 ,z we h already said1 a ,*ri/ian is expect$ to "k & to be able to tell :51 :]e1 & "u :at circum/ances he ent]$ into ! new life4 ,b1 p]haps1 ! prelim9>y "q is1 ,ought we to h1 & c we h1 any evid5ce at all ( ! new life8 ,& to ?is "q _m reply 9 ! negative1 & ) v good reason4 ,! new life is a hidd5 life2 a 8life hid ) ,*ri/ 9 ,god40 ,its ess5ce is love1 & love is an inw>d s5tim5t1 n an outw>d act4 ,conviction dem&s utt]ance2 actions speak l\d] ?an words2 b love is accu/om$ to hide itself away 9 ! he>t1 & to be kn[n only to its object1 & t indirectly4 ,evid5ces ( love6 ,:at %\ld we ?9k ( ask+ ( "y p com+ to be m>ri$1 ! evid5ces t !y lov$ ea* o!r2 oblig+ !m to give an acc\nt ( _! exp]i5ce2 to say :51 :]e1 & h[ !y began fir/ to c>e = ea* o!r2 & !n1 if ! evid5ce 0 satisfactory1 all[+ !m to be m>ri$6 ,:y1 !n1 ask ( ! s\l wi%+ to be unit$ ) ,god & ,*ri/ 9 a ,*ri/ian cov5ant1 to te> op5 ! fold$ bud ( ?is t5d] affection1 analyze x metaphysically1 measure x ma!matically1 & cross-exam9e x z a witness suspect$ ( falsehood is que/ion$ by lawy]s be=e a jury8 ,:at d we "k ( ?is new life8 :at c we tell ( x8 ,almo/ always x comes to u gradually & unconsci\sly4 ,x is veil$ 9 %ad[s1 mi/y lights1 & neutral t9ts4 ,! second life comes l ! fir/4 ,! *ild is born1 & kn[s n ( ! awful *ange f n be+ to be+--! imm5se ev5t ( passage f unconsci\s exi/5ce to consci\s life4 ,= consci\sness dawns sl[ly1 imp]ceptibly4 ,! infant is long imm]s$ 9 outw>d ?+s4 ,ye>s pass be=e x becomes aw>e ( ! fact t x exi/s1 be=e x beg9s to look 9 & see itself 9 ! mirror ( reflection4 ,s1 probably1 w x also be1 :5 we pass f ?is life into ! next4 ,we %all1 p]haps1 awak5 v gradually1 9 ! future life1 to ! k t we are 9 ano!r /ate4 ,z ! little *ild becomes q at home 9 ?is _w be=e he ?9ks to ask h[ he came "h1 s probably 9 ! o!r _w we %all become q at home ) ! angels1 be=e we %all beg9 to say1 8,i am 9 heav540 ,all ! bir?s ( "t p>take ( ?is quality4 ,!y d n reflect on !mselves1 are n surpris$ at !mselves1 b come z a matt] ( c\rse4 ,ye>s aft]1 :5 ! e>ly heat ( ! new life has gr[n cold1 ! hi/orians & biograph]s arrive to exam9e x 9 ! crucible ( _! pa9ful analysis1 & to tell u h[ wond]ful x is4 ,h[ c any man prove t he is alive8 ,:y %\ld he prove x8 ,let 8 life %[ itself1 b n try to prove itself4 ,let its light %9e1 & ^? :o see its good & joy w glorify ! ,fa!r 9 heav5 :o has s5t x4 ,! mi/ake "h1 z be=e1 is 9 conf\nd+ conv]sion & reg5]ation4 ,includ+ 9 ! t]ms 8conv]sion0 & 8rep5tance0 ! :ole activity ( ! w1 ! religi\s purpose1 ! aim ( life1 x is1 no d\bt1 ( ! utmo/ importance to see1 cont9ually1 :at x is4 8,"k ?yself0 is a heav5-desc5d$ maxim1 if we und]/& by x t we are to wat* ourselves always1 & see :i!r we are go+4 ,we ne$ cont9ually to "k ! direction ( our life1 :e!r x is to ,god or f him2 :e!r x is upw>d or d[nw>d2 :e!r we are foll[+ tru?1 & ju/ice1 & love1 or foll[+ our own selfi% desires & w4 ,9 ?is s5se self-exam9ation is bo? possible & necess>y4 ,:5 ! great ocean /eam] is 9 ! mid/ ( ! mighty ,atlantic1 x is necess>y to wat* cont9ually its direction1 & keep x always head+ ! "r way4 ,day & night1 !re=e1 ! man /&s sleepless at ! helm1 8 eye always turn+ f ! compass to ! %ip's head1 ) unfail+ vigilance4 ,b x is n ?\ght necess>y to inspect ! int]ior ( ! boil]s1 or to exam9e ! quality ( ! fire4 ,if /eam en\gh is made1 & ! :eels revolve1 t is en\gh4 ,! new life into :i* we ent] by ! new bir? has ?is "o "*--t x gives u = a motive1 n fe>1 b hope2 n law1 b love2 n con/ra9t1 b joy4 ,pray] is n a duty1 b ! spontane\s impulse ( ! *ild1 to seek & f9d its fa!r4 ,"w is n drudg]y b satisfaction1 :5 ! motive is to s]ve ! great cause ( ,*ri/4 ,! only real evid5ce1 !re=e1 t we are born ( ,god1 is1 t we h ! fruits ( ! ,_s1 love1 joy1 & peace4 ,! tree is kn[n by its fruits1 & ^! are ! appropriate fruits ( ! new life4 ,:5 we f9d !m1 let u gladly receive !m2 b if we d n f9d !m1 let u at lea/ be glad t if n yet new-born1 we are1 nev]!less1 conv]t$2 if n sons1 at lea/ s]vants4 ,we h ! "o ?+ ne$ful :5 we h ! "r purpose2 soon] or lat]1 we %all also h ! happy life4 ,:5 we d "r1 we s[ to ! ,_s1 & we %all1 9 due season1 reap life ev]la/+4 ,z reg>ds ! evid5ce ( ! new life1 too mu* /ress1 we ?9k1 has be5 laid on outw>d pr(ession1 c]emonies1 religi\s language1 religi\s acts4 ,because a man pr(esses religion1 x is no evid5ce t he is religi\s4 ,because he p>takes ( ! ,"l's supp]1 or prays op5ly1 or speaks 9 ! habitual religi\s language ( 8 sect1 x is no evid5ce ( 8 religi\s life4 ,_m p]sons are q com=t$ if "o :o has l$ an immoral life says on 8 dea?-b$ t he 8tru/s 9 ! aton+ blood ( ,*ri/40 ,b ?is may be a m]e ^w4 ,all c]emonies & pray]s are means1 b none ( !m are evid5ce1 ( a /ate4 ,! only evid5ces are ! fruits ( ! ,_s4 8,! tree is kn[n by its fruits40 8,! fruits ( ! ,_s are love1 joy1 peace1 long-suff]+1 g5tl5ess1 goodness1 fai?1 meekness1 temp]ance40 ,let u rememb] t ?\gh a man may be conv]t$1 & n z yet be reg5]ate1 he _c be reg5]ate unless he is conv]t$2 t is1 !re c be no true piety1 no love1 no fai?1 no spiritual religion1 except !re be a s9c]e & det]m9$ purpose ( righte\sness b5ea? x4 ,!re may be true morality )\t piety1 b !re _c be a true piety )\t a true morality4 ,! law mu/ prec$e ! gospel4 ,consci5ti\sness mu/ g be=e love1 to prep>e its way4 8,t is n fir/ :i* is spiritual1 b t :i* is natural1 & aft]w>ds t :i* is spiritual40 ,! fir/ "q1 !re=e1 to ask ourselves1 is n1 8,d ,i love ,god80 b1 8,d ,i obey ,god80 ,e man's own s\l1 if s9c]e1 c answ] t "q4 8,if our he>t condemn u1 ,god is great] ?an our he>t40 8,if our he>t condemn u n1 !n h we confid5ce t[>ds ,god40 ,b if we are obey+ ,god1 !n let u believe 9 a high] life :i* ,god has to be/[1 & believ+1 seek = x4 ,x is n e>n$1 x is n a rew>d1 x is n by works2 b x is v nigh & close at h&2 x is ready to be giv5 to ^? :o believe 9 x & look = x4 ,s1 if ! "q be ask$1 8,is man active or passive 9 ?is process80 ! answ] is1 t he is active 9 conv]sion1 receptive 9 reg5]ation4 ,s 9 reg>d to fai? & works4 8,we are ju/ifi$ by fai?20 b ju/ification is ! s5se ( ,god's =giv+ love :i* is receiv$ into an op5 he>t4 ,ju/ification is n salvation2 x is only a /ep 9 t direction1 & a prep>ation = x4 ,& n[ we ask1 8,:y is x1 if ?is new life is a gift1 d n all good m5 receive x80 ,! answ] is1 8,!re are conditions4 ,all good m5 d n believe 9 x4 ,"s believe t duty is e ?+2 t ,*ri/ianity consi/s :olly 9 ob$i5ce4 ,!y "k no?+ high]1 & !re=e seek = no?+ high]4 ,reg5]ation !y he> (1 b ?9k x some?+ my/ical1 miracul\s1 unnatural1 &1 to say ! tru?1 n v attractive4 ,if !y believ$ 9 a life ( love & tru/1 a life free f ! burd5 ( anxiety1 !y w\ld surely desire x40 ,^? also :o believe 9 x d n always believe x is = !mselves4 ,!y ?9k x n meant = common p 9 ! mid/ ( common life1 b = "s special sa9t%ip4 ,!y d n believe 9 ?is div9e life fl[+ into e he>t & s\l1 high & l[1 wise & ignorant1 be x only s9c]e1 hone/1 & believ+4 ,yet x is l ! life ( nature1 :i* 9 ! ab\nd+ spr+-"t comes d[n f ! skies1 & fl[s n only into ! maje/ic tree1 swell+ at once its myriad buds1 b also into e se$1 & root1 & we$1 awak5+ !m all4 ,?is is :at we ne$ = peace1 = real progress1 = pres5t com=t1 = future joy4 ,x is communion ) ,god1 x is receiv+ 8 love1 x is accept+ 8 =giv5ess1 & liv+ day by day z 8 belov$ *ildr54 ,,*apt] ,,viii4 ,,! ,,or?odox ,,idea ,,( ,,! ,,son ,,( ,,god4 #a4 ,or?odox ,doctr9e /at$4 ,hav+ consid]$ ! ,or?odox idea ( man 9 8 natural /ate1 & ( man 9 8 sup]natural /ate1 we next pass to consid] ! ,or?odox idea ( ,*ri/'s p]son & ( ,*ri/'s "w4 ,9 ?is *apt] we %all consid] ! ,or?odox view ( ! p]son ( ,*ri/1 & ask :at is its sub/antial tru?1 & :at its =mal error4 ,! ,or?odox op9ion conc]n+ ,*ri/ is ?us /at$ 9 ! ,assembly's ,confession ( ,fai?3 8,! ,son ( ,god1 ! second p]son 9 ! ,tr9ity1 be+ v & et]nal ,god1 ( "o sub/ance & equal ) ! ,fa!r1 did1 :5 ! fulness ( "t 0 come1 take ^u him man's nature1 ) all ! ess5tial prop]ties & common infirmities !re(1 yet )\t s92 s t two :ole1 p]fect1 & di/9ct natures--! ,godhead & ! ,manhood--7 insep>ably jo9$ toge!r 9 "o p]son1 :i* p]son is v ,god & v ,man40 ,*ri/1 !re=e1 0 p]fectly ,god & p]fectly man4 ,! =mula is1 8two natures1 b "o p]son40 ,! ,or?odox doctr9e is n ( ,god dwell+ 9 a human body z its s\l 7:i* seems to be ! view ( ,sw$5borg71 b x is ( ,god unit$ ) a human s\l & body z "o p]son or "o consci\sness4 #b4 ,?is ,doctr9e gradually develop$4 ,?is idea ( ,*ri/1 z we "k1 0 gradually =m$ 9 ! ,*ri/ian ,*ur*1 & did n become ,or?odox until aft] _m /ruggles4 ,fir/ came ! "q :e!r ! ,deity ( ,*ri/ 0 equal or subord9ate to t ( ! ,fa!r4 ,h>dly _h ! ,or?odox doctr9e triumph$ ov] t ( subord9ation1 aga9/ ^? :o d5i$ ! equal ,deity1 ?an x 0 oblig$ to turn r\nd & cont5d aga9/ ^? on ! o!r side1 :o d5i$ ! humanity ( ,*ri/ altoge!r4 ,! ,ebionites consid]$ ,jesus z a m]e man4 ,!odotus1 9 ! ye> #bjj1 taught ! same1 ) ,artemon & ,praxeas4 ,9 ! next c5tury ! ,arians & ,sabellians oppos$ ,or?odoxy f opposite sides1--! "o conf\nd+ ! p]sons ( ! ,godhead1 & ! o!r divid+ ! sub/ance4 ,s = sev]al c5turies ! p5dulum ( op9ion swung f "o side to ! o!r be=e x re/$ 9 ! gold5 mean ( ,or?odoxy4 ,! ,ne/orians sep>at$ ! two natures ( ,*ri/1 & ma9ta9$ t 8 ,div9ity consi/$ only 9 ! indwell+ ( ,god4 ,b sc>cely _h ,ne/orius be5 bani%$ = sep>at+ ! two natures ?an ,euty*es plung$ into h]esy on ! o!r side1 by conf\nd+ !m toge!r4 ,?is 0 ! ,monophysite h]esy2 & no soon] 0 ?is ov]?r[n1 & x 0 decid$ to be wrong to say t ,*ri/ _h only "o nature1 ?an o!rs began to cont5d t he _h only "o w4 ,^! 7 ! ,mono!lites4 ,b ?r\gh all ^! controv]sies1 ! ma9 doctr9e ( ,or?odoxy cont9ues to %9e out lum9\s & di/9ct1 ass]t+ t ,*ri/ comb9es ! fulness ( ,deity & ! fulness ( ,humanity4 #c4 ,unit>ian ,objections4 ,z ?is view ( ! ,deity ( ,*ri/ has be5 /at$1 x seems1 9 its doctr9al =m1 contradictory to ,scripture z well z to reason4 ,t ! inf9ite ,god1 :o fills ! univ]se1 & su/a9s x2 pres5t 9 ! smalle/ insect2 pres5t 9 ! mo/ di/ant nebula1 ^: light j arriv+ at our eye has be5 a million ( ye>s on its j\rney1--t ?is inf9ite ,be+ %\ld h be5 born 9 ,pale/9e1 seems to confute itself by its v /atem5t4 ,:o took c>e ( ! univ]se :5 ,god 0 an infant 9 ! arms ( ! ,virg9 ,m>y8 ,jesus 0 born1 & di$2 b ,god _c be born1 & _c die4 ,jesus suff]$ f hung]1 fatigue1 & pa92 b ,god _c suff]4 ,jesus 0 se5 by human eyes1 & t\*$ by human h&s2 b no man ha? se5 ,god at any "t4 ,jesus _h a f9ite body2 b ,god is ,_s4 ,jesus 0 tempt$2 b ,god _c be tempt$ ) evil4 ,jesus pray$2 b ,god _c pray4 ,jesus said1 8,my ,fa!r is great] ?an ,i20 b ,god has no "o great] ?an himself4 ,jesus said1 8,i c ( m9e own self d no?+20 b ,god c ( 8 own self d ev]y?+4 ,jesus said 8t he came d[n f heav5 n to d 8 own w20 b ,god always does 8 own w4 ,jesus said t !re 7 "s ?+s he did n "k2 b ,god kn[s ev]y?+4 ,he decl>$ t all p[] 0 giv5 to him 9 heav5 & e>?2 b ,god's p[] _c be giv5 to him4 ,scripture1 !re=e1 z well z common s5se1 seems to d5y ! ,or?odox doctr9e ( ! ,deity ( ,*ri/4 ,! common ,tr9it>ian answ] to ^! texts is1 t ,*ri/ is speak+ 9 8 human nature :5 he ass]ts ^! limitations4 ,b ?is answ]1 z ,dr4 ,bu%nell has well %[n1 is no answ]2 =1 z he says1 8x n only does an affront to ! pla9 language ( ,scripture1 b virtually d5ies any real unity betwe5 ! human & ! div9e40 ,jesus does n say1 8,all p[] 9 heav5 & e>? is giv5 to my human nature10 b 8to me20 & :5 ! ,tr9it>ian himself decl>es t 9 ,*ri/1 ) two natures1 !re is b "o p]son1 ! "q is conc]n+ t "o p]son1 :e!r t is f9ite or inf9ite1 absolute or dep5d5t1 omnisci5t or n s1 omnipres5t or n s1 omnipot5t or n s4 ,! "q does n conc]n 8 nature1 b himself4 ,! "o p]son mu/ be ei!r f9ite or inf9ite3 x _c be bo?4 #d4 ,sub/antial ,tru? 9 ?is ,doctr9e4 ,b n[ we ask1 ,:at sub/antial tru? und]lies ?is =mal error8 ,:at tru? ( life und]lies ?is error ( doctr9e8 ,let u rememb] h[ empty ! _w 0 ( ,god at ! "t ( ,*ri/'s com+4 ,! wise/ m5 c\ld speak ?us ) ,pl9y3 8,all religion is ! (fspr+ ( necessity1 weakness1 & fe>4 ,:at ,god is1--if 9 tru? he be any?+ di/9ct f ! _w1--x is beyond ! p[] ( man's und]/&+ to "k40 ,all intellig5t m5 agre$ t if ,god exi/$ he c\ld n possibly take any int]e/ 9 ! affairs ( ! _w or ( individuals4 ,ph>iseeism on ! "o h&1 & ,sadduceeism on ! o!r1--a religion h>d5$ into =ms1 & an empty scepticism1 cold & dead1--divid$ ! _w betwe5 !m4 ,b m5 _c live )\t ,god1 & be satisfi$4 ,!y 7 feel+ aft] him1 if haply !y might f9d him1 :o is n f> f any "o ( u4 ,!n ,*ri/ came2 & 9 all t he said & did1 he spoke f ! k ( ,god2 he act$ f ! life ( ,god4 ,"h 0 "o1 !n1 at la/1 to :om ,god 0 n an op9ion1 b a reality2 ?r\gh ^: life fl[$ ! life ( ,god 9 a /eady curr5t4 ,we see t all s9c]e s\ls :o came ne> ,jesus receiv$ f him ! same sight ( ,god :i* he possess$2 = fai? 9 a liv+ & pres5t ,god is s cong5ial to ! nature ( man1 t x c>ries conviction ) x :]ev] x is n a m]e op9ion1 b a /ate ( ! s\l4 ,^?1 !re=e1 :o c\ld f9d ,god n[h]e else1 f\nd him 9 ,*ri/4 ,^? :o saw him1 saw ! ,fa!r4 ,z :5 ?r\gh a w9d[ we behold ! heav5s1 z :5 9 a mirror we see an image ( ! sun1 we d n speak ( ! w9d[ or ! mirror1 b say t we see ! sun & ! heav5s1 s ^? :o look$ at ,*ri/ said t !y saw ,god4 ,! apo/le said t ,god 0 9 ,*ri/2 & ?is 0 :olly true4 ,*ri/ians aft]w>ds said t ,*ri/ 0 ,god2 & !y ?\ght !y 7 only say+ ! same ?+4 ,!y said t ,*ri/ _h a div9e nature z well z a human nature2 & 9 ?is also !re 0 no ess5tial falsehood1 = :5 we speak ( our nature1 we int5d m]ely by x ^? elem5ts ( "* :i* are orig9al & p]man5t1 :i* are n acquir$1 d n alt]1 & are nev] lo/4 ,god dwelt 9 ! s\l ( ,*ri/ ?us con/antly1 ?us p]man5tly4 ,! ,^w ?us 8became fle%1 & dwelt among u40 ,! ^w ( ! ,"l came to ! prophets1 b x dwelt 9 ,*ri/4 ,he & 8 ,fa!r 7 "o4 ,! vital tru? ( all ?is 0 t m5 7 n[ able to see ,god manife/$ 9 man z a liv+1 pres5t reality4 8,"h10 !y said1 8is ,god4 ,we h f\nd ,god4 ,he is 9 ,*ri/4 ,we c see him !re40 ,is x any wond] t m5 %\ld h call$ ,jesus ,god8 t !y %\ld call him s /ill8 ,9 him truly 8dwelt ! fulness ( ! ,godhead bodily20 & ?is indwell+ ,_s express$ itself 9 :at he said & :at he did4 ,:5 ,jesus speaks1 x is z if ,god speaks4 ,:5 ,jesus does any?+1 x is z if we saw ,god d x4 ,x becomes to u an expression ( ! div9e "*4 ,:5 ,jesus says to ! s9n]1 8,g & s9 no m10 we see 9 ?is a manife/ation n m]ely ( 8 own compassion1 b ( ,god's =giv+ love2 & :5 he dies1 al?\gh ,god _c die1 yet he dies accord+ to ! div9e w1 & ?us expresses ,god's will+ness to suff] = ! r$emption ( ! _w4 #e4 ,=mal ,error ( ! ,or?odox ,/atem5t4 ,:5 we look at ,*ri/'s ,div9ity f ?is po9t ( view1 ! di/9ction betwe5 ! ,tr9it>ian & ,unit>ian seems almo/ to disappe>4 ,/ill ! "q rema9s1 ,is x "r to call him ,god8 ,! di/9ction rema9s betwe5 say+1 8,god 0 9 ,*ri/10 & say+1 8,*ri/ 0 ,god40 ,9 %ort1 0 ! p]son ( ,*ri/ human or div9e8 ,we agree ) ! ,or?odox 9 say+ t ,*ri/ _h two natures--a div9e nature & a human nature4 ,we also ma9ta9 ) !m t he _h "o p]son4 ,b ! "q comes1 ,0 t "o p]son div9e or human1 f9ite or inf9ite1 dep5d5t or absolute8 ,! consci\sness ( ! "o p]son is a s+le consci\sness4 ,*ri/ c\ld n at ! same "t h be5 consci\s ( kn[+ all ?+s & ( n kn[+ all ?+s1 ( hav+ all p[] & ( n hav+ x1 ( dep5d+ on ,god = all ?+s & ( n dep5d+ = any?+4 ,"o ( two ?+s alone is possible4 ,ei!r ,*ri/ 0 ,god unit$ ) a human s\l1 or he 0 a human s\l unit$ ) ,god4 ,:5 ,*ri/ uses ! p]sonal pron\n 8,i10 he mu/ mean by t 8,i0 ei!r ! f9ite man or ! inf9ite ,god4 ,i believe ! ,unit>ian is "r 9 say+ t ?is p]sonal pron\n 8,i0 always ref]s to ! f9ite be+ & consci\sness1 & n to ! inf9ite ,be+4 ,= example3 8,i am n alone1 b ,i & ! ,fa!r t s5t me40 8,i proce$$ =? & came f ,god2 nei!r came ,i ( myself1 b he s5t me40 ,god _c proce$ f ,god2 ,god _c s5d ,god4 ,aga93 8,if ,i honor myself1 my honor is no?+2 x is my ,fa!r t honore? me40 ,?is _c mean1 8,if ,god honors ,god1 8 honor is no?+2 b x is ,god t honors him40 ,x mu/ mean t ! human be+1 ,*ri/1 receives 8 honor f ! div9e ,be+4 ,?is view--t ! p]son ( ,*ri/ is human1 b is intimately unit$ & 9 p]fect union ) ! indwell+ ,god--makes all ,scripture intelligible4 ,any o!r view is ei!r un9telligible or contradictory4 ,?is view ( ! div9e nature ( ,*ri/ unit$ ) ! human p]son1 ( ,god dwell+ 9 ! fle%1 does n conf\nd ! m9d l ! common ,tr9it>ian view1 & yet has a value = ! he>t ( p>am\nt importance4 ,if ,*ri/ is really a man l ourselves1 made 9 all respects l 8 bre?r51 & yet is ?us at "o ) ,god1 ?us full ( ,god1 x %[s u t s9 & sep>ation f ,god are accid5tal ?+s1 & n any?+ necess>y4 ,if ,jesus is truly a man1 he r$eems & exalts humanity4 ,:at he has be5 is a type ( :at all m5 may be4 ,?us ! apo/le ,paul speaks :5 he says t all ?+s 7 creat$ 9 ,*ri/1 :o is ! beg9n+1 ! fir/-born f ! dead1 t he might g be=e u1 or be our lead] 9 all ?+s2 :i* is a mu* high] view ?an ! common und]/&+ ( ! passage1 :i* m]ely supposes him to h be5 ,god's in/rum5t 9 creat+ ! physical univ]se4 ,he is ! image ( ! invisible ,god--! fir/-born ( ! :ole creation4 ,?is creation is ! new creation--t :i* is int5d$ 9 ,revelation 7#c3ad71 :]e ,*ri/ is spok5 ( z ! ,am51 ! fai?ful & true ,witness1 ! ,beg9n+ ( ! creation ( ,god1 & t :i* ,paul means :5 he says t 9 ,*ri/ ,jesus nei!r circumcision nor uncircumcision is wor? any?+1 8b ! new creation40 ,all su* passages ref]1 z x seems to u1 n to a pa/ natural creation1 b to a sup]natural creation--a creation ( life et]nal1 :i*1 beg9n+ 9 ,*ri/1 is to embrace ! :ole ( humanity4 #f4 ,errors ( ,arianism & ,naturalism4 ,& we _c b ?9k ?is doctr9e f> tru]1 z well z m ,or?odox1 ?an ! ,arianism :i* s long /ruggl$ 9 ! ,*ur* = supremacy4 ,t view :i* suppos$ t ,*ri/ 0 nei!r truly man nor truly ,god1 b "s high1 prexi/+ be+ betwe5 ! two1 appe>s to u to be ! false/ & mo/ unsatisfactory ( all ! doctr9es conc]n+ ,*ri/'s p]son4 ,x sep>ates him m entirely f our sympa?ies ?an ei!r ( ! o!rs4 ,x de/roys bo? 8 div9ity & 8 humanity1 &1 by giv+ u some?+ int]m$iate1 gives u really no?+4 ,x makes 8 app>5t human life a delusion1 8 temptation unreal1 8 human sympa?ies & sorr[s deceptive4 ,we ?9k1 !re=e1 t ! ,*ur* 0 "r 9 reject+ ! ,arian doctr9e4 ,we ?9k x 0 also "r 9 reject+ ! ,humanit>ian doctr9e1 or t ( m]e ,naturalism4 ,*ri/ 0 some?+ m ?an m]e man1--some?+ m ?an ,moses & ,elijah1--some?+ m ?an a man ( great religi\s g5ius4 ,! peculi>ity ( ,*ri/ 01 t he 0 *os5 by ,god's wisdom1 & prep>$ by ,god's provid5ce1 to be ! typical man ( ! race1--! ,god-man1 9 :om ! div9e ,_s & human s\l become "o 9 a p]fect union4 ,he 01 p]haps1 plac$1 by an exceptional bir?1 :]e ! fir/ ,adam /ood1--rescu$ f inh]it$ depravity1 made 9 ! image ( ,god4 ,!n ! ,_s 0 giv5 him )\t measure4 ,! ^w ( ,god dwelt 9 him1 & did n m]ely come to him z a transi5t influ5ce = a special purpose4 ,add to ?is a freely *os5 aim ( life1 & a fidelity :i* 0 always ab\t 8 ,fa!r's bus9ess1 & aim+ to f9i% ! "w :i* 0 giv5 him to d1 & we h a be+ 9 :om we c see ei!r a manife/ation ( ,god or a manife/ation ( man4 ,! ,_s 9 ,*ri/ 0 "o ) ,god2 ! s\l & body 7 human4 ,,*apt] ,,ix4 ,,ju/ification ,,by ,,fai?4 #a4 ,?is ,doctr9e ( ,paul n obsolete4 ,t portion ( ! ,new ,te/am5t :i* speaks s e>ne/ly ( ju/ification by fai? is by _m suppos$ to h become obsolete = all useful purposes at ! pres5t "t4 ,! doctr9e t 8we are ju/ifi$ by fai?1 & n by works10 x is suppos$1 0 int5d$ = ! b5efit ( ! ,jews alone1 & to am\nt to ?is--t admittance to ! privileges ( ! gospel is to be obta9$1 n by practis+ ! c]emonies & ext]nal ritual ( ! ,jewi% law1 b by a simple belief 9 ,jesus ,*ri/4 ,accord+ly1 z no "o n[adays endeavors to become a ,*ri/ian by practis+ ! ,jewi% c]emonies1 we suppose t !re is no pres5t ne$ ( ?is doctr9e2 & :5 we come ^u x 9 ! ,scripture1 we turn ov] ! pages 9 se>* ( some?+ m practical & pr(itable4 ,z1 9 ! book ( ,acts1 we read1 t1 8:5 ,paul 0 ab\t to op5 8 m\?1 ,gallio said unto ! ,jews1 ,if x 7 a matt] ( wrong or wick$ lewdness1 ,o ,jews1 reason w\ld t ,i %\ld be> ) y2 b if x be a "q ( words & names1 & ( y\r law1 look ye to x2 = ,i w be no judge ( su* matt]s10 s we1 :5 ,paul is ab\t to op5 8 m\? to speak to u ( ?is doctr9e1 ?9k x a m]e "q ( words & names1 & ( ! ,jewi% law1 & int]rupt him to ask him = some?+ practical4 ,if he has any?+ to say to u ( wrong-do+ or wick$ conduct1 x w\ld be reasonable to he> him2 b we w be no judge ( su* matt]s z ?is4 ,!re are also _m p]sons1 :o1 :ile !y c und]/& ! ,gospels & enjoy !m1 f9d x difficult to und]/& & enjoy ! writ+s ( ! apo/le ,paul4 ,among ^! writ+s1 ! mo/ difficult is ! ,epi/le to ! ,romans1 & especially t "p ( x :i* treats ( ?is doctr9e ( ju/ification by fai?4 ,any?+ :i* c be done to remove ?is difficulty w d good2 = ! writ+s ( ,paul are s intimately connect$ ) ! re/ ( ! ,new ,te/am5t1 t x is n easy to reject !m1 & yet to believe ! re/4 ,x c be done1 no d\bt2 b x is done ) difficulty4 ,x is z if "o "p ( ! f\ndation ( ! h\se _h giv5 way3 p]haps ! h\se w n fall2 b x has become unsafe4 ,x is z if a "p ( ! wall ( a city _h be5 batt]$ d[n3 ! brea* may be def5sible f )92 b x is also practicable f )\t4 ,at all ev5ts1 we miss ! satisfaction ( a complete fai?1 p]fect & entire1 r\nd & full4 ,besides1 may !re n be some?+ important = u to "k 9 ?is "p ( ! ,new ,te/am5t8 ,are we q sure we d n ne$ ^! v doctr9es1 & t !y w d u good8 ,we h said t x is sometimes ?\ght t ! que/ions discuss$ by ,paul 7 only ,jewi% que/ions1--n human que/ions2 t !y belong$ only to t "t1 n to all "t4 ,b1 ?\gh ! =m :i* !y assum$ 0 tempor>y & local1 !re is reason to believe t ! sub/ance ( ! "q is "o belong+ to human nature 9 e age2 t x is ! "q ( ! _s & ! lett]1 ! sub/ance & ! =m1 ! root & ! bran*es1 ! inside ( religion & ! outside4 ,:ile cont5d+ aga9/ a p>ticul> ,jewi% error1 ! apo/le unfold$ pr9ciples by :i* simil> errors may be oppos$ & refut$ 9 e age4 ,at all ev5ts1 x is a matt] ( fact1 t !re seldom has be5 9 ! ,*ur* any great religi\s movem5t :i* has n imm$iately gone back to ! apo/le ,paul1 & plant$ itself on 8 doctr9e ( ju/ification by fai?4 ,?is 0 ! wat*word ( ,lu!r1 & ! s\l ( ! re=mation4 ,lu!r & 8 companions arm$ !mselves ) ?is doctr9e to cont5d aga9/ ! great p[] ( ! ,papacy & ! ,romi% ,*ur*4 ,let u1 !n1 endeavor to see :at we c ( ! tru? !re may be 9 ?is doctr9e4 #b4 ,its ,mean+ & ,importance4 ,&1 fir/1 let u see :at ! doctr9e does n mean1 & :at x does mean4 ,to be ju/ifi$ by fai? does n mean t we are to be sav$ by our op9ions4 ,to say t a man c be sav$ by hold+ c]ta9 op9ions1 in/ead ( c]ta9 o!r op9ions1 is to say :at is contradict$ by all exp]i5ce2 = exp]i5ce %[s u t !re are good m5 hold+ e v>iety ( op9ion1 & bad m5 hold+ e v>iety ( op9ion4 ,b ,god saves m5 by mak+ !m good3 !re=e m5 are n sav$ by _! op9ions4 ,let u suppose t m5 are to be sav$ by ! op9ion t ,jesus is ! ,*ri/3 !n we ought to f9d t all m5 hold+ t op9ion are on ! way ( salvation2 t is1 are becom+ good m54 ,b ?is is f> f be+ ! case4 ,9 fact1 ! connection betwe5 m]e op9ion ( any k9d1 & goodness1 is v di/ant & indirect4 ,no d\bt1 9 ! long run1 op9ion affects "*2 b x is only 9 ! long run t x does s4 ,&1 at all ev5ts1 ! doctr9e ( ! ,new ,te/am5t is v di/9ct & decid$1 t m5 may hold v s\nd op9ions1 & yet n be 9 ! way ( salvation4 ,! ,scribes & ,ph>isees held v s\nd op9ions2 & ,jesus told 8 disciples to d :atev] !y said1 b n to imitate _! works2 = _! doctr9e 0 mu* bett] ?an _! lives4 ,nor does ! apo/le mean to say t "o c be sav$ )\t morality4 ,he c]ta9ly does n mean to und]value goodness2 =1 9 t case1 he w\ld contradict 8 own tea*+s1 :i* uni=mly decl>e1 z all ! re/ ( ! ,bible decl>es1 t )\t hol9ess no man c see ! ,"l4 ,x is c]ta9ly a v sup]ficial view :i* is satisfi$ ) suppos+ t an e>ne/ man1 z ! apo/le c]ta9ly 01 devot+ 8 life1 z he c]ta9ly did1 to ! tea*+ ( ,*ri/ianity1 ) su* a gr& intellect z he c]ta9ly possess$1 c\ld ass]t ) s mu* en]gy a doctr9e pla9ly contradict+ common s5se1 daily obs]vation1 ! pla9 tea*+s ( ,jesus1 & 8 own uni=m doctr9e else:]e4 ,"s p]sons h a %ort me?od ( gett+ ov] ! difficulty by say+ t ,paul did n himself "k :at he meant4 ,!y assume t he 0 talk+ at r&om4 ,x w\ld be ab\t z wise1 :5 we op5 ,newton's 8,pr9cipia10 & _c und]/& x1 to say t ,newton 0 talk+ at r&om2 or1 :5 we _c und]/& ,plato or "s o!r pr(\nd metaphysician1 to decl>e directly t he did n himself "k :at he 0 talk+ ab\t4 ,no d\bt1 ?is is ! %orte/ & easie/ way ( gett+ out ( su* difficulties1 b p]haps n ! mo/ mode/1 nor ! mo/ wise4 ,:5 an e>ne/ man1 a pr(\nd man1 a man 9 ! highe/ degree practical1 a man :o has done ! greate/ "w = ,*ri/ianity :i* has be5 done s9ce its f\ndation1 sums up 8 doctr9e 9 a compreh5sive maxim l ?is1 x is1 p]haps1 wise to admit1 at once1 t he _h a mean+1 & probably an important "o4 8,no d\bt he _h a mean+10 x may be said2 8b has he any mean+ n[8 ,8 =mula meant some?+ = ! ,jews2 b does x mean any?+ = u8 ,is n ?is m]ely a ,jewi% "q1 ) :i* we h no?+ to d80 ,?is is ano!r easy way ( gett+ ov] difficulties4 ,9 read+ ! ,new ,te/am5t1 :5 we come to a place :]e we are /opp$ by some?+ :i* looks deep & is d>k1 we are (t5 told1 8,t d>kness is n dep?3 x is ! %ad[ ( a ,jewi% error :i* lies across ! pa?40 ,h we n (t5 felt dissatisfi$1 :51 approa*+ "s great say+ ( ,*ri/ & 8 apo/les f :i* we hop$ to ga9 new insight1 we h be5 told1 8,t has no?+ to d ) u4 ,! ,jews _h su* & su* an op9ion1 & ?is 0 meant to %[ !m _! mi/ake08 ,s ! great & e>ne/ words ( ! ,bible1 :i* we ?\ght to be full ( _s & life1 are f\nd to be only fossil rema9s ( old op9ions1 ( op9ions long s9ce pass$ away--good = no?+ b to be put into ! museums ( antiqu>ies1 & p>ad$ by s*ola/ic p$ants4 ,b1 aft] all1 take x on ! l[e/ gr\nd1 7 n ! ,jews m58 ,did !y n1 z a race1 repres5t "s elem5t1 common1 9 a less degree1 to ! re/ ( mank9d8 & !re=e is !re n 9 ea* ( u some?+ ( t ,jewi% elem5t8 ,are n we also sometimes ,jews1 !re=e liable to ,jewi% errors1 & ne$+ to h !m correct$8 ,! ,jews did n live 9 va93 _! /ruggles1 errors1 hopes1 7 = ! b5efit ( humanity4 ,we 7 to le>n some?+ by _! mi/akes1 & to be taught some?+ by _! exp]i5ce4 ,ano!r way ( treat+ su* a passage is to translate x into "s trivial1 insignificant commonplace4 ,?us1 we are told1 our doctr9e only means t 8,god does n approve a man m]ely = go+ ?r\gh a r\t9e ( outw>d1 =mal c]emonies1 b = a ?or\ghly religi\s life40 ,?is explanation assumes t ! apo/le is "h talk+ to simpletons1 & t :at he says is no m wor? li/5+ to by u ?an ! prattle ( a nurse to h] infant4 ,!re are1 !re=e1 f\r ways ( expla9+ ?is passage1 none ( :i* are satisfactory4 ,^! are1 t ,paul1-- #a4 ,0 tea*+ a self-evid5t absurdity2 #b4 ,0 tea*+ a self-evid5t truism2 #c4 ,0 tea*+ no?+1 & only talk+ at r&om2 #d4 ,0 correct+ a ,jewi% error1 :i* only ! ,jews ev] _h1 or are ev] likely to h4 ,if ^! views are n satisfactory to u1 ! simple/ way w\ld seem to be1 fir/1 to endeavor to und]/& precisely :at ! ,jewi% error 01 & !n to see if !re is any?+ l x 9 ourselves1 & if !re be any?+ :i* we c le>n f ?is old argum5t :i* w be1 n old1 b new = our "t & = all "t1 because a "p ( ! t5d5cies ( man4 ,let u translate ^! old t]ms--ju/ification1 fai?1 works--into _! mod]n equival5ts1 & see :at !y mean = u at ! pres5t "t4 ,we h %[n t we may be mi/ak5 9 suppos+ ?is ,or?odox doctr9e ( ju/ification to be ( m]ely local & tempor>y int]e/1 hav+ no p]man5t value4 ,x is n likely t a man l ,paul1 ( s l>ge1 s deep1 s philosophic a m9d1 %\ld h devot$ himself s e>ne/ly1 & return$ s fondly1 to a !me involv+ no univ]sal & et]nal pr9ciples1 ^: int]e/ 0 to p]i% ) ! h\r4 ,x is n probable t1 9 ?is small volume ( writ+s ( ! new cov5ant1--?is preci\s gift ( ,god to ! _w 9 all ages & 9 e nation1--s l>ge a portion %\ld be devot$ to a :olly tempor>y argum5t2 &1 m ?an all1 x is a mo/ rem>kable fact1 t :5ev] !re arises a man unit+ a deep] _s ( piety ) a l>g] s5se ( lib]ty ?an o!r m51--a man commission$ by ,god to give a new religi\s impulse to 8 age1 & to help ,*ri/ianity to %ake itself free f ! cumbr\s mass ( human =ms & traditions :i* h cru%$ x1 & to g =? 9 its native grace & lovel9ess aga91--"s pr(\nd in/9ct %\ld always lead him to ?is doctr9e z to a weapon effectual = pull+ d[n ! /rongholds ( bigotry1 scepticism1 & spiritual dea?4 ,sir ,james ,mack9to% some:]e says1 t ! great movem5t :i* %ook ,*ri/5dom to its c5tre1 & did m to *ange & re=m society ?an ! political revolutions & w>s ( a ?\s& ye>s1 orig9at$ ) an obscure ,augu/9ian monk prea*+ ! doctr9e ( ju/ification by fai?4 ,?is acute ,scot*man saw1 :at all mu/ see :o read ,lu!r's writ+s ) any att5tion1 t x 0 no accid5t1 no temporal int]e/1 :i* l$ him to lay su* /ress on ?is doctr9e4 ,x 0 ! s\l ( 8 prea*+1 ! ess5ce ( 8 doctr9e1 ! secret ( 8 /r5g?1 ! life ( 8 life4 ,& s1 :5 ,wesley & ! e>ly ,me?odi/s 7 call$ ^u to p\r new religi\s life into ! ,engli% ,*ur*1 !y fell back on ?is doctr9e--?is anci5t sword ( ! ,_s4 ,& s we may believe t x has a value = all ages2 t x did n relate m]ely to ,jewi% usages1 b is a pr9ciple ( vital & ev]la/+ application4 ,no d\bt t if by fai? we und]/& intellectual belief1 or ! ass5t to op9ions1 & if by works we und]/& true ob$i5ce1 & by ju/ification f9al salvation or actual goodness1 !re c sc>cely be a great] absurdity ?an to say t a man is ju/ifi$ by fai?1 & n by works4 ,to say t goodness1 9 ! sight ( ,god1 consi/s 9 receiv+ c]ta9 op9ions1 r ?an 9 true ob$i5ce1 is a mo/ unscriptural & irrational doctr9e4 ,b none ( ! great re=m]s ( :om ,i h spok51 & no pr(\nd !ologians ( any sect or s*ool1 h ev] held ! doctr9es ( ju/ification by fai? 9 ?is way4 ,nei!r ,lu!r nor ,wesley ev] made fai? synonym\s ) intellectual belief or op9ion4 8,:at is fai?80 said ,wesley4 8,n an op9ion1 nor any numb] ( op9ions put toge!r1 be !y ev] s true4 ,a /r+ ( op9ions is no m ,*ri/ian fai? ?an a /r+ ( beads is ,*ri/ian hol9ess4 ,x is n an ass5t to any op9ion1 or any numb] ( op9ions4 ,a man may ass5t to ?ree or ?ree & tw5ty cre$s1 he may ass5t to all ! ,old & ,new ,te/am5t1 & yet h no ,*ri/ian fai? at all40 ,b :at is ! true doctr9e ( ju/ification by fai?1 z taught 9 ! ,scriptures1 & z inspir+ ^! great re=m]s8 ,?is is naturally our next inquiry4 #c4 ,ne$ ( ,ju/ification = ! ,consci5ce4 ,!re is no?+ 9 ! nature ( man m p>adoxical ?an consci5ce4 ,x is t :i* lifts him to ,god2 & yet x is t :i* makes him capable ( s91 & )\t :i* he c\ld n be a s9n]4 ,x gives him ! s5se ( "r1 b at ! same "t makes him consci\s ( wrong4 ,x makes him capable ( duty1 b !reby also capable ( disob$i5ce4 ,x %[s u :at we ought to d1 )\t giv+ u ! lea/ /r5g? :]e) to d x4 ,x condemns u = n do+ "r1 ev5 :5 we h no p[] to d any?+ b :at is wrong4 ,x %[s u a great ideal ( goodness to :i* we ought to aspire1 & disc\rages u by ! v l(t9ess ( ! /&>d4 ,x tells u 9 ! same brea? t we are s9n]s1 & t we ought to be angels4 ,x seems at ! same "t to elevate & degrade u4 ,x elevates u by giv+ a great object to life1 & mak+ x s]i\s & e>ne/2 b x degrades u by mak+ u con/antly a%am$ ( ourselves1 & keep+ u 9 a p]petual /ate ( humiliation4 ,n[1 "o ( ! *ief peculi>ities ( ! consci5ce is1 t beyond a c]ta9 po9t1 ! m we try to obey x1 ! less satisfaction we h4 ,we "k t ?is is n ! usual !ory4 ,we are commonly told t ! consci5ti\s man is always cont5t$ & happy1--satisfi$ ) himself1 & at peace ) ,god4 ,b facts contradict ?is !ory4 ,! consci5ti\s man is apt to be v mu* dissatisfi$ ) himself1--mu*1 m s ?an ! man ^: consci5ce is torpid & indiff]5t4 ,!re is com=t 9 fai?ful "w2 no d\bt !re is great cont5t 9 ! /eady p]=mance ( regul> duties2 b "h consci5ce is subord9ate to "w4 ,x is "w :i* gives cont5tm5t2 b ,,consci5ce1 :5 ?or\ghly r\s$ by ! /rong meat ( a div9e law1 is ! s\rce ( mu* self-dissatisfaction4 ,h[ c x be o!rwise8 ,x %[s u t we ought to love ,god & love man ) all our he>t1 s\l1 m9d1 /r5g?4 ,:i* ( u does x8 ,d y8 ,d ,i8 ,h[ l>ge a "p ( our life h we giv5 to ! s]vice ( ,god8 h[ l>ge a "p to ! s]vice ( our neighbor8 ,h[ (t5 d we ?ank ,god = 8 goodness8 ,h[ (t5 d we pray to him8 h[ (t5 ?9k ( him8 ,if we d n ?9k ( him1 ( c\rse we d n love him4 ,love makes u v ?\ghtful ( ano!r's wi%es4 ,:5 p love ea* o!r1 !y joy 9 ?9k+ ( ea* o!r2 !y treasure s\v5irs ( ea* o!r2 !y l to make ea* o!r pres5ts ( ?+s !y ?9k w please2 !y /eal an h\r f daily c>es or nightly re/ to write lett]s to ea* o!r4 ,our heav5ly ,fa!r's arms are ar\nd u all day1--8 inf9ite b\nty bless+ u1 8 c>eful provid5ce mak+ = u home1 fri5ds1 all2 yet we d n ?9k ( him1 or wi% to d any?+ to please him4 ,consci5ce tells u t our he>t is h>d & cold to our be/ ,fri5d2 & t is by no means a pleasant piece ( in=mation4 ,moreov]1 x is evid5t t ?is condition ( self-dissatisfaction is n a good "o4 ,self-reproa* may be a :olesome m$ic9e1 b x is a bad food4 ,we _c d our "w :ile we are f9d+ fault ) ourselves4 ,! man ^: consci5ce is always torm5t+ him is 9 a morbid /ate4 ,he is a spiritually sick man1--sick ( too mu* m$ic9e4 ,:at mu/ be done8 ,he is always look+ at 8 s9s1 & t disqualifies him = do+ 8 duties4 ,:at %all he d8 ,?is "q 9 its ,jewi% =m is /at$ ?us3 ,,h[ ,,%all ,,he ,,be ,,ju/ifi$ ,,be=e ,,god8 ,if ,god c excuse him1 he c excuse himself4 ,h[1 !n1 c he "k t ,god looks at him n z a s9n]1 b z a j man1 s t he c look on himself n z a s9n]1 b z a j man8 ,?is is ! problem4 ,:at are its solutions8 ,9 ! ,jewi% m9d1 ! ,jewi% law _h br\ght ! consci5ce into an extremely irritable /ate4 ,! same effect1 9 a less degree1 is produc$ by ! ,ca?olic confessional4 #d4 ,reaction ( ,s9 on ! ,s\l4 ,n[1 ! consequ5ces ( s9 are ^!3 ,fir/1 e act ( s9 br+s aft] x natural evil consequ5ces4 ,x weak5s ! /r5g? ( ! s\l1 x d>k5s ! spiritual eye1 x h>d5s ! he>t1 x adds a new l9k to ! *a9 ( evil habit4 ,by a result z inevitable z ! law ( gravitation1 e act ( s9 pollutes1 d>k5s1 weak5s ! spiritual pr9ciple 9 man4 8,he :o s[s to ! fle% %all ( ! fle% reap corruption40 ,we may call ^! results ! ext]nal consequ5ces ( s91 because !y *ange our spiritual relation & position 9 ,god's ext]nal univ]se4 ,b !re is ano!r m awful & z inevitable consequ5ce ( s94 ,x ali5ates u f ,god himself4 ,x turns our face f ! ,s\rce ( life & love4 ,x makes u at w> ) him4 ,x fills u ) ! s5se ( 8 displeasure1 & burd5s u ) ! consci\sness ( guilt4 ,to escape ! dreadful s5se ( 8 ang]1 we hide ourselves f him1 z ,adam did4 ,x is a law ( ! human m9d t we dread ! sight ( any "o :om we h wrong$1 because x condemns u4 ,p]haps he may be p]fectly will+ to =give u2 p]haps he does n ev5 "k t we h wrong$ him2 b we _c be> to see him1 not)/&+4 ,x 0 a pr(\nd feel+ ( ?is law :i* l$ an anci5t hi/orian to say1 8,he hat$ him because he _h injur$ him40 ,?us an active consci5ce1 if x does n make a man bett]1 w make him worse3 to escape its torture he w plunge into new crimes4 ,"s ( ! d>ke/ crimes :i* /a9 ! page ( hi/ory may be trac$ to ?is s\rce1--to ! op]ation ( a consci5ce /rong en\gh to produce ! s5se ( guilt1 b n /rong en\gh to produce ! det]m9ation to re=m4 ,x is relat$ t :5 ! "m ( ,*>les ,,ix4 ( ,france & 8 uncles 7 urg+ ! "y k+ to cons5t to ! execution ( "s ( ! pr9cipal ,prote/ants to :om he 0 /rongly atta*$1 aft] a long resi/ance1 :5 he at la/ gave way1 x 0 ) ^! rem>kable words3 8,i cons5t1 !n1 b only on "o condition1--t y d n leave a ,hugu5ot 9 ,france to reproa* me ) x407#ah7 ,& h5ce ! ,b>?olomew ,massacre1 :i* its au?ors _h int5d$ be=e only to include a few individuals4 ,s s9 takes occasion by ! law1 & ! comm&m5t orda9$ = life becomes dea?4 ,! same pr9ciple op]ates ) respect to ,god4 ,we h brok5 8 law4 ,we feel t he mu/ be displeas$ ) u2 we !re=e hide ourselves f him1 turn away f him1 avoid ! ?\ght ( him1 are ali5at$ f him4 ,?is is ! greate/ evil ( s91 & ?is we may call ! inw>d consequ5ce ( s91 because x affects our inw>d relation to ,god r ?an our outw>d relation to ! univ]se4 ,& n[1 h[ are we to be reconcil$ to ,god8 ,h[ are we to be fre$ f ?is s5se ( guilt :i* falls on u 9 8 pres5ce1 & makes u fe> & %un him8 #e4 ,diff]5t ,me?ods ( obta9+ ,=giv5ess4 ,!re are two ways 9 :i*1 :5 we h injur$ our bro!r1 & s h become e/rang$ f him1 we may become reconcil$ aga91 & fre$ f a s5se ( %ame 9 8 pres5ce4 ,"o is by endeavor+ to atone = ! evil we h done by acts ( k9dness1 by expressions ( p5it5ce4 ,s at la/ we may feel t we h done him f> m good ?an evil2 & ?\gh he may n =give u or be reconcil$ to u1 we1 on our "p1 may feel fre$ f any %ame 9 8 pres5ce1 & be reconcil$ to him4 ,! o!r way is by 8 com+ to u1 & prov+ to u1 by 8 conduct & words1 t he is n e/rang$ f u by our bad conduct2 t he loves u z ev]4 ,s he w ov]come our evil by 8 good1 & reconcile u to him4 ,! pagan nations 9 all ages & l&s h tak5 ! fir/ way ( be+ reconcil$ to ,god4 ,oppress$ by a guilty fe> ( _! t]rible idols1 !y h br\ght z gifts to _! alt>s :at !y _h mo/ valuable2 !y h hung _! gold1 _! jewels1 9 ! temple2 !y h sla9 _! cattle on ! %r9e4 ,/ill unable to pacify _! trembl+ he>ts1 !y h gone f>!r1 & s\ght to prove ! s9c]ity at lea/ ( _! rep5tance by self-inflict$ tortures1 & by giv+ ev5 _! *ildr5's lives to ! bloody p[] :om !y wor%ipp$4 ,h5ce sacrifices3 !y orig9at$ 9 ! v same feel+ :i* induces a man to give a pres5t to "o :om he has wrong$1 to appease him4 ,pagan religions are f\nd$1 !re=e1 :olly on ! fir/ mode ( reconciliation4 ,! (f5d+ p>ty comes to him :om he has injur$1 & does some?+ to pacify him4 ,b ^! religions nev] br\ght peace to ! he>t ( ! wor%ipp]4 ,aft] ! wret*$ "m _h dropp$ h] infant into ! burn+ arms ( ,molo*1 %e /ill _h no evid5ce t 8 wra? 0 turn$ away4 ,9 ! religion ( ,moses1 ! fir/ mode ( reconciliation 0 unit$ ) ! second4 ,pity+ ! weakness ( man1 ! law all[$ him to br+ 8 sacrifice ( birds or bea/s or ! fruits ( ! soil1 & place x on ,god's alt> z an expiation & aton+ (f]+ = 8 s92 & !n1 ! suppliant1 hav+ fai? 9 ! p]man5t pres5ce ( ,god 9 ! holy ( holies1 0 receiv$ aga9 to favor & assur$ ( p>don4 ,! ,jew1 :o _h brok5 any ( ! laws ( ,jehovah1 knew exactly :at to d 9 ord] to be reconcil$ to 8 national ,god & ,k+4 ,god _h po9t$ out ! way :i* he w\ld accept4 ,by c]ta9 acts ( sacrifice & re/itution1 ! ,jew became once m wor?y ( liv+ "u ! protect+ c>e ( ,jehovah4 ,?is mode ( reconciliation "u ! law 0 f> sup]ior to t 9 pagan religions4 ,x gave tempor>y peace to ! consci5ce1 ?\gh n p]man5t4 ,x prev5t$ ! s9n] f go+ f>!r f ,god1 ?\gh x did n unite him ) ,god 9 unbrok5 union4 ,x kept ! consci5ce awake1 & prev5t$ x f be+ h>d5$4 ,x 0 a s*oolma/] to br+ ! ,jews to ,*ri/4 ,x 0 a prep>ation = a m excell5t way4 ,9 ! ,epi/le to ! ,hebrews1 ! writ] decl>es t ! law 0 b ! %ad[ ( t :i* 0 to come2 t x c\ld n1 8by ! sacrifices (f]$ ye> by ye>1 make ! com]s !reunto p]fect2 = !n w\ld !y h ceas$ to h be5 (f]$1 because ! wor%ipp]s1 once purg$1 w\ld h _h no m consci5ce ( s940 ,! sacrifice made no revelation ( ,god's "* & love1 plant$ no root ( piety 9 ! he>t3 x reliev$ ! consci5ce only = ?is once1 only ) respect to ?is "o s92 & !re its influ5ce end$4 ,& !re=e 0 a new cov5ant necess>y1 & promis$ by ! prophets1 & look$ =w>d to by holy m51 :5 !y %\ld be reconcil$ n by works1 b by fai?4 ,we h se5 t !re are two modes by :i* ali5ation may be remov$3 fir/1 by ! (f5d+ p>ty do+ some?+ to atone = 8 (f5ce2 second1 by ! injur$ "o %[+ t he has =giv5 ! (f5ce1 & is ready to be reconcil$ )\t an atonem5t4 ,! fir/ mode is ! way ( reconciliation 9 pagan religions2 ! fir/ & second are unit$ 9 ! ,jewi% religion2 ! second is ! mode 9 ! ,*ri/ian religion4 #f4 ,me?od 9 ,*ri/ianity4 ,9 ,*ri/ianity1 9 ! gospel ( grace1 ,god (f]s p>don freely to ^? :o are will+ to accept x4 ,he is ready n[ to receive ^? :o are ready to come to him4 ,x is only necess>y to believe ?is 9 ord] to be reconcil$4 ,we are1 !re=e1 reconcil$ by fai?4 ,b we are said to be reconcil$ by ! dea? & blood ( ,*ri/4 ,h[ is ?is8 ,we h se5 ! s\rce ( our ali5ation3 x lay n 9 ,god1 b 9 ourselves4 ,god _h n gone away f u2 we w5t away f him4 ,he _h n ceas$ to love u2 b by a t]rible reaction f our s9fulness1 we _h ceas$ to believe 9 8 love4 8,god's h&10 says ! prophet 7,isa4 #ei3b71 8is n %ort5$1 t he _c save1 nor is 8 e> gr[n dull1 t he _c he>2 b y\r iniquities h sep>at$ y f y\r ,god1 & y\r s9s h hidd5 8 face f y1 t he do? n he>40 ,by an immutable law ( our m9d1 ,god's wra? abides on u1 & we _c believe 9 8 love4 ,"h is ! s\rce ( our ali5ation4 ,n[1 m]ely to be told t ,god is m]ciful does n :olly help ! matt]4 ,true1 we say1 ,he is m]ciful1 b n to u2 we h s9n$ too long & deeply4 ,some?+ mu/ be done1 !n1 to conv9ce u t ,god is ready to =give & receive u freely4 ,! dea? ( ,*ri/ is ! fact :i* produces ?is conviction4 ,! dea? ( ,*ri/1 !re=e1 is n m]ely an emblem ( ,god's love1 b an act ( ,god's love4 ,x draws u to him4 ,x *anges our he>ts4 ,x melts our d\bt1 our di/ru/4 ,x reveals to u our ,fa!r's love4 ,! blood ( ,*ri/ makes ^? :o 7 af> (f nigh4 ,?is all exp]i5ce tea*es z a matt] ( fact4 ,x is ! cross ( ,*ri/1 borne by ! simple mission>y1 prea*$ by ! dev\t ,moravian1 :i*1 amid ! ice ( ,gre5l& or b5ea? ! burn+ sun ( ! tropic1 reconciles ! s9n] to ,god4 ,& if "o asks h[ ! dea? ( ,*ri/ does ?is1 we w briefly indicate :at we believe to be ! way 9 :i* x op]ates4 ,we look at ,*ri/1 & see ! brightness ( ,god's glory & express image ( 8 p]son4 ,we see a hol9ess pure & p]fect1 a "* inf9itely beautiful & lovely4 ,we see h[ de> & ne> su* a "o mu/ h be5 to ,god2 & we he> ,god say1 8,?is is my belov$ ,son1 9 :om ,i am well pleas$20 & we he> him say ( ,god1 8,my ,fa!r has n left me alone2 = ,i d always ! ?+s :i* please him40 ,& n[ we look at ! _w1 & see x 8ly+ 9 wick$ness20 we see m5 trampl+ on ,god's law1 pollut+ 8 image1 cruelly oppress+ ea* o!r1 & boldly defy+ & mock+ at ! ,almighty4 ,:at does he !n8 ,= ! sake ( ^! mis]able1 weak1 & wret*$ s9n]s1 :o seem sc>cely wor? ! sav+1 he s5ds 8 holy *ild among !m2 he s5ds ?is pure be+ to h 8 he>t r5t ) ! sight & k ( human s92 he s5ds him to be cruelly & %amefully kill$ by a dea? ( agony1 9 ord] t we1 s9ful & mis]able1 may be reconcil$4 ,we say1 9 ! view ( all ?is1 8,he :o sp>$ n 8 own ,son1 b deliv]$ him up = u1 h[ %all he n ) him freely give u all ?+s80 ,we say1 8,god comm5d$ 8 love t[>ds u1 9 t1 :ile we 7 s9n]s1 ,*ri/ di$ = u40 8,h]e9 is love2 n t we lov$ ,god1 b t he lov$ u40 ,*ri/1 8be+ lift$ up1 draws all m5 unto him40 ,?us1 9 ! mid/ ( ! gloom ( t horrible sc5e on ,calv>y1 :5 ! p[] ( d>kness 0 at its height1--t crisis ( ! _w1 :5 human s9 /ood at ! flood1--! heav5s 7 op5$1 & a new ray ( div9e love p\r$ into ! _w4 #g4 ,result4 ,let u sum up1 !n1 ! doctr9e ( ju/ification by fai?1 z we h n[ expla9$ x4 #a4 ,,ju/ification is n ! do+ away ) all ! consequ5ces ( s91 b only ! consequ5ce :i* consi/s 9 pres5t ali5ation f ,god4 ,x is objectively1 z a div9e act1 :at =giv5ess is subjectively1 z a human exp]i5ce4 ,x relates to pres5t acceptance ) ,god2 x is n ! cancell+ ( ! results ( our pa/ s9s on ! "*1 nor is x ! hope ( future salvation4 ,x relates to ! pres5t4 ,! foll[+ passages %[ t ju/ification is equival5t to reconciliation or =giv5ess4 ,rom4 #e3h-aj3 8,b ,god comm5de? 8 love t[>d u1 9 t1 :ile we 7 yet s9n]s1 ,*ri/ di$ = u4 ,mu* m !n1 be+ n[ ju/ifi$ by 8 blood1 we %all be sav$ f wra? ?r\gh him4 ,= if1 :5 we 7 enemies1 we 7 reconcil$ to ,god by ! dea? ( 8 ,son1 mu* m1 be+ reconcil$1 we %all be sav$ by 8 life40 ,rom4 #d3f-h3 8,david also describe? ! bless$ness ( ! man unto :om ,god impute? righte\sness )\t works2 say+1 ,bless$ are !y ^: iniquities are =giv51 & ^: s9s are cov]$4 ,bless$ is ! man to :om ! ,"l w n impute s940 #b4 ,,fai? is n m]e intellectual belief or op9ion2 nor is x m]e feel+1 nor a my/ical emotion 9 :i* we are :olly passive2 b a s5tim5t1 9 :i* belief1 feel+1 & det]m9ation are bl5d$ toge!r4 ,! belief is t ,*ri/ is ! ,son ( ,god2 ! feel+ is tru/ & joy 9 ! love ( ,god se5 9 him2 & ! det]m9ation is to rely on him z a ,m$iator & ,savi\r4 ,t fai? is n a m]e intellectual belief1 b involves also a feel+ ( tru/1 appe>s f su* passages z ^!3 8,if ?\ believe 9 ?y he>t20 8,an evil he>t ( unbelief40 ,t fai? is n a m]e emotion1 9 :i* we are :olly passive1 appe>s f su* cases z ^? :]e m5 are exhort$ to believe1 z a ?+ 9 _! own p[]4 #c4 ,,works1 9 ?is doctr9e1 include e ef=t to reconcile ,god by (f]+ him any?+ 9 expiation ( our s91 :e!r sacrifices1 sacram5ts1 ! ass5t to cre$s1 ! /ruggle aft] feel+s & exp]i5ces1 or re=mation ( "*4 ,& ! :ole doctr9e ( ju/ification by fai? may be ?us express$3-- ,if y are burd5$ ) a s5se ( unwor?9ess & guilt2 if some?+ seems to sep>ate y\r he>t f ,god2 if y want confid5ce to come to him boldly 9 pray]1--d n try to remove ?is difficulty by any ef=t to d some?+ diff]5t1 or become some?+ diff]5t2 b simply look at ,jesus 9 8 suff]+s & dea?1 & see y\r heav5ly ,fa!r call+ y to him n[ to be =giv54 ,g at once to ,god ?r\gh ,*ri/4 ,repose on t love t w cleanse y1 t w save y2 & nev]more d\bt1 ev5 9 y\r d>ke/ h\r1 t y\r ,fa!r is ready to he>1 to =give1 & bless y4 #h4 ,its ,hi/ory 9 ! ,*ur*4 ,we h se5 ! orig91 nature1 & value ( ?is doctr9e4 ,let u n[ look at its hi/ory4 ,! apo/olic ,*ur* 0 f\nd$ on ! simple doctr9e ( fai? 9 ,*ri/4 ,x 0 n f\nd$ on any !ory or speculation ab\t ,*ri/1 or ab\t 8 plan ( salvation1 b on ,*ri/ himself z ! ,savi\r4 ,all t ! fir/ ,*ri/ians pr(ess$ 0 fai? 9 ,jesus z ! ,son ( ,god4 ,!y _h be5 reconcil$ to ,god by him2 !y 7 at peace ) ,god2 !y 7 wa%$ 9 ! blood ( ! ,lamb2 & !y 7 happy4 ,a deep & wond]ful joy brood$ ov] ! e>ly *ur*4 ,a hurricane ( p]secution & w> rag$ ar\nd !m3 )9 ! ,*ur*1 all 0 security & peace4 ,h[ beautiful are ! expressions by :i* ! apo/les describe ! s]5ity & joy ( ! ,*ur*6 8,!y ate _! meat 9 gladness & s+l5ess ( he>t1 prais+ ,god1 & hav+ favor ) all ! p40 ,new conv]ts 8gladly receiv$ ! ^w1 & 7 baptiz$0 by ?\s&s1 9 ! face ( ! bitt]e/ p]secution4 8,! multitude ( !m t believ$ 7 ( "o he>t & "o s\l2 nei!r said any ( !m1 t aught ( ! ?+s t he possess$ 0 8 own40 ,:5ce came all ?is peace & union 9 ! e>ly ,*ur*8 ,0 x because !y _h atta9$ to su* cle> views ( tru?1 & all held ! same op9ions8 ,s f> f x1 "s _h n he>d t !re 0 a ,holy ,gho/2 o!rs did n believe 9 a resurrection ( ! dead2 & _m ?\ght ! :ole ,jewi% ritual ess5tial to salvation4 ,0 x t !y _h become sudd5ly pure 9 he>t1 & holy 9 life1 & fre$ f s98 ,s f> f x1 we f9d ! apo/les exhort+ !m aga9/ v great vices1--aga9/ murd]1 !ft1 & lic5ti\sness1--& condemn+ !m = hav+ practis$ gross immoralities4 ,x came f ! simplicity ( _! fai?4 ,!y look$ to ,jesus1 & _! faces 7 light5$4 ,!y saw ! love ( ,god 9 him2 !y felt x 9 _! he>ts2 !y repos$ on x und\bt+ly4 ,9 quietness & confid5ce 0 _! /r5g?4 ,o1 happy days6 9 :i* m5's m9ds _h n yet be5 h>ass$ by ?\s&s ( va9 controv]sies & empty v]bal disputes2 by que/ions1 & /rifes ( words2 by mo/ pr(\nd !ological discussions1 end+ 9 no?+ b we>9ess2 b 7 satisfi$1 t1 if m5 w\ld g to ,*ri/1 !y w\ld f9d tru?4 ,o1 happy "t6 9 :i* m5 _h n le>n$ to dissect _! own he>ts1 & pry curi\sly into _! feel+s1 & torture !mselves by anxi\s ef=ts to feel "r1 & torm5t+ d\bts z to :e!r _! inw>d exp]i5ces 7 z !y ought to be1 b believ$ t all good feel+s w\ld come 9 _! own "t out ( ,*ri/ian fai?4 ,o1 happy1 gold5 h\r6 :5 love1 & joy1 & duty 7 all "o2 :5 m5 did n prescribe = !mselves & o!rs a task-"w1 an outw>d r\t9e ( duties2 b _h confid5ce1 t1 if !y liv$ 9 ! ,_s1 !y w\ld also walk 9 ! ,_s4 ,t h\r ( simple1 *ild-l fai? pass$ away4 ,its decay appe>$ 9 a return to ! old mode ( ju/ification4 ,in/ead ( simply rely+ on :at ,god _h done1 m5 mu/ d some?+ !mselves to atone = _! s9s2 !y mu/ d p5ance1 & h prie/s1 & sacram5ts1 & masses1 & c\ntless c]emonies to come betwe5 !m & ,god2 !y mu/ pile up a cumbr\s fabric ( religi\s & moral works1 by :i* to climb up to ,god2 until1 at la/1 ?\gh ! doctr9e ( ju/ification by fai? 0 nev] giv5 up1 x 0 made ( none effect by ! rubbi% ( human c]emonies heap$ be=e x4 ,& !n came ,lu!r1 arm$ ) ! old doctr9e1 to sweep ^! all away1 & call m5 back to ! simple fai? 9 ! ,savi\r4 ,! pure ^w ( fai? w5t =? ?r\gh all l&s1 conqu]+ & to conqu]4 ,b !re is a cont9ual t5d5cy to fall back aga9 f fai? ^u works4 ,ev] z ! life ( religion weak5s1 ev] z ! /r5g? ( holy confid5ce decays1 m5 betake !mselves to "s outw>d =ms or ef=ts4 ,:5 !y cease to lean on ! love ( ,god1 !y beg9 to lean on sacram5ts & c]emonies1 on op9ions & doctr9es1 on feel+s & exp]i5ces1 on morality & works ( duty4 ,ev]1 z ! cold w9t] ( worldl9ess & s9 causes ! /ream ( holy fai? to %r9k back into its *annel1 ! ice ( =ms accumulates along its %ores2 & !n1 z ! inevitable consequ5ce & sign ( ! decay ( fai?1 we f9d ! ,*ur* becom+ anxi\s & tr\bl$1 confid5ce giv+ way to anxiety1 *e]fulness to gloom1 hope to fe>4 ,ev]y?+ t]rifies ! unbeliev+ ,*ur*2 new op9ions t]rify x2 new measures t]rify x4 ,x has a%es in/ead ( beauty1 m\rn+ = joy1 ! _s ( heav9ess in/ead ( ! g>m5t ( praise4 #i4 ,or?odox ,errors1 at ! pres5t ,"t1 9 ,reg>d to ,ju/ification by ,fai?4 ,we h said t !re is a con/ant t5d5cy to fall back f fai? to works ( "s k9d or o!r4 ,! important "q comes1 ,h[ is x ) u n[8 ,does ?is t5d5cy %[ itself 9 our pres5t *ur*es8 ,& ! answ] we am compell$ to make is1 t x does1 c]ta9ly to "s ext5t1 & 9 all ! *ur*es4 ,or?odox *ur*es h fall5 away1 m or less1 f ! doctr9e ( ju/ification by fai?4 ,!y h fall5 back f ! c5tral po9t ( ,*ri/ianity1 fai? 9 ,jesus1 9 diff]5t directions1 & seek to be ju/ifi$ by a law1--"s ^u a law ( belief1 & o!rs on a law ( emotion4 ,d n und]/& u z say+ t any ( ! *ur*es h d5i$1 or t !y d n con/antly tea*1 ! doctr9e ( ju/ification by fai?4 ,?is is n ! po9t4 ,! ,romi% ,*ur* nev] d5i$1 nor ceas$ to tea*1 ?is doctr9e2 b %e virtually aboli%$ x1 & made x ( none effect by tea*+ o!r ?+s also4 ,is n ?is1 to "s degree1 ! case n[8 ,are !re n _m ,or?odox ,*ri/ians1 at ! pres5t "t1 :o seek to make _! peace ) ,god1 n by rely+ on ,jesus himself1 b on "s !ory ) respect to 8 nature or p]son2 n on 8 dea?1 b on "s speculation ab\t 8 dea?1--"s !ory1 s*eme1 or plan8 ,is x n ! idea ( _m1 t !y are to be br\ght to ,god1 n by fai? 9 ,jesus & 8 dea?1 b by ass5t+ to ! correct doctr9e ab\t x8 & accord+ly !y anxi\sly labor1 & make x a ,,"w1 to believe 9 ! true !ory1 9 ord] t !y may be br\ght to ,god4 ,we d n say t correct op9ions on ^! po9ts are unimportant2 b we say t ! fai? 9 ,*ri/ :i* ju/ifies u does n come f believ+ "r op9ions1 b t "r op9ions come f ! ju/ify+ fai?4 ,are religi\s tea*]s n[ will+ to d z ,paul did1 & say simply1 8,believe on ! ,"l ,jesus ,*ri/08 or d !y n r f9d x necess>y to say1 8,believe ?is1 t1 & ! o!r ?+1 ab\t ,jesus ,*ri/08 ,& aga93 is x n ?\ght by ,or?odox p1 t1 9 ord] to be ju/ifi$ & h peace ) ,god ?r\gh ,jesus ,*ri/1 x is necess>y t a p]son %\ld exp]i5ce c]ta9 feel+s1 beg9n+ ) a s5se ( guilt1 a fe> ( puni%m5t1 & pass+ into a /ate ( hope & assurance8 ,&1 accord+ly1 m5 make x a ,,"w1 & labor1 to h ^! feel+s 9 ! precise ord] & mann]1 &1 until !y c exp]i5ce ^! feel+s1 believe t !y c h no access to ,god4 ,z be=e1 we d n mean t ^! feel+s are unimportant1 b only t we %\ld n try to "w ourselves up into c]ta9 feel+s 9 ord] to be j be=e ,god4 ,x is fai? 9 ,jesus :i* is ! s\rce1 n ! result1 ( piety z well z ( hol9ess4 ,x is fai? 9 ,god's love to u :i* enables u to love him4 ,! s5se ( p>don produces bo? ! feel+ ( gratitude & ( unwor?9ess4 ,god does n =give u because we h _h ! "r feel+s1 b t we may h !m4 ,^? love mu* to :om mu* is =giv52 b to :om little is =giv51 ! same love little4 ,7 we ev] /ruck ) ! rem>kable contra/ betwe5 ! conv]sions to ,god 9 ! apo/olic "t & ^? :i* we he> ( n[8 ,h[ mu* m simple !y 76 ,a man is rid+ 9 a *>iot1 read+ 8 ,bible1 & try+ 9 va9 to compreh5d x4 ,an apo/le comes1 & expla9s to him ! prophecy1 & applies x to ,jesus4 ,pres5tly !y come to wat]1 & he says1 8,see1 "h is wat]20 he is baptiz$1 & goes on 8 way rejoic+4 ,we fe> !re are n _m *ur*es n[ :o w\ld receive t ,e?iopian z a memb]1 if he c\ld give no fur!r acc\nt ( 8 religi\s exp]i5ce ?an is record$ 9 ! book ( ,acts4 ,b is x n1 we say aga91 rem>kable1 t n only 9 ?is case1 b 9 all ! cases ( conv]sion record$ & describ$ 9 ! ,acts1 !re %\ld be no?+ ( ! descriptions :i* we read e week 9 our religi\s newspap]s8 ,9 ! case ( ! ?ree ?\s& baptiz$ on ! day ( ,p5teco/1 we only read t !y 7 cut to ! he>t2 said1 8,:at %all we d80 7 told to rep5t & be baptiz$2 joyfully receiv$ ! ^w1 & 7 baptiz$4 ,ev5 ! rem>kable conv]sion ( ,paul 0 no?+ l :at we n[ h4 ,h[ is ?is--t n[ we are n will+ to tru/ to a simple act ( fai? 9 ,jesus ,*ri/1 & 9 turn+ to ,god2 b we h a scale & rule ( religi\s exp]i5ce--a "w :i* all mu/ g ?r\gh 9 ord] to be ju/ifi$8 ,& :at is ! result ( ?us sub/itut+ = ju/ification by fai?1 ju/ification by belief 9 op9ions1 & by processes ( feel+8 ,look at ! *ur*es :]e ?is has be5 c>ri$ f>!/1 & see ! result4 ,religion becomes gloomy1 anxi\s1 & au/]e2 x ceases to brea! *e]fulness & joy ar\nd2 ! g5tl] graces die be=e x2 fe> treads fa/ 9 ! foot/eps ( hope2 a /iff =mality introduces cant 9 ! place ( :at is natural & artless2 ! he>t is /ret*$ on a rack ( self-tortur+ d\bts & anxieties4 ,! biographies & private j\rnals ( _m em95t sa9ts %[ u h[ little happ9ess !y _h 9 _! religion1--h[ !y 7 tortur$ by spiritual d\bts1 p]plexities1 & anxieties4 ,! reason is1 t !y rely on _! own feel+s1 in/ead ( rely+ on ,*ri/4 ,& ) ! reliance plac$ on !ory & op9ion vani%es ! union ( ! ,*ur*4 ,!re are five sects 9 ?is c\ntry1 all hold+ to ! ,assembly's ,cate*ism--a l>ge & m9ute comp5dium ( op9ions1--& yet :i* (t5 d n all[ ea* o!r to commune at ! ,"l's table4 ,! ,new ,s*ool ,presbyt]ians might p]mit ! o!rs to commune ) !m1 b are !mselves exclud$4 ,! ,old ,s*ool ,presbyt]ians w\ld commune ) all b ! ,new1 b are n p]mitt$4 ,nay1 ! ,associate ,re=m$1 ! ,cov5ant]s1 & ! ,sec$]s c>ry x s f> z to discipl9e & excommunicate _! memb]s = :at is call$ occasional he>+2 i4e41 att5d+ wor%ip at o!r *ur*es ?an _! own4 ,!re 0 9 ! ,/ate ( ,indiana an ,old ,s*ool prea*]1 & presid5t ( a college1 :o refus$ to all[ a ,unit>ian to give a lit]>y address :i* ! /ud5ts _h ask$ him to give1 & :i* he _h gone to deliv]1 &1 9 def5d+ himself = ?is1 call$ him a 8public propagator ( infidelity20 & )9 a mile or two ( 8 college !re 0 a society ( ,sec$]s1 or ,cov5ant]s1 hold+1 l himself1 ! ,assembly's ,confession1 :o w\ld excommunicate any ( _! memb]s :o %\ld g to he> him prea*4 ,!re is1 !n1 a t5d5cy among ! ,or?odox to rely on _! own op9ion & _! own feel+s1 r ?an on ,jesus ,*ri/4 #aj4 ,errors ( ,lib]al ,*ri/ians4 ,lib]al ,*ri/ians h fall5 into error ( a diff]5t sort4 ,!y seek to be ju/ifi$1 n by op9ion nor by feel+1 b by action2 by works ( righte\sness1 hone/y1 *>ity2 by ! fai?ful p]=mance ( social duties2 by an active ob$i5ce to ! law ( ,god4 ,look+ at ! ,scriptures1 & see+ 9 h[ _m places we are pla9ly taught t we are to "w out our own salvation2 to be rew>d$ & puni%$ accord+ to our active goodness2 to be judg$ by our works1--!y say t a man is =giv5 :5 he has correct$ 8 fault1 & n be=e2 t rep5tance & re=mation are ! only means ( atonem5t ) ,god2 t1 if we wi% to be =giv51 we mu/ re=m our conduct & *ange our "*4 ,accord+ly1 !y lay great /ress on ,,duty1 & are cont9ually exhort+ m5 to ! p]=mance ( _! duties 9 ord] to be =giv54 ,b !re is a mi/ake "h also1 :i* arises f conf\nd+ two v diff]5t ?+s2 namely1 ju/ification & f9al salvation4 ,we h se5 t ! consequ5ces ( s9 are tw(old--ext]nal & int]nal4 ,! inw>d consequ5ce ( s9 is sep>ation f ,god2 ! ext]nal is ! weak5+ & debas+ ( ! s\l4 ,! fir/ consequ5ce is remov$ by fai?2 ! second1 by ob$i5ce4 ,e act ( s9 pollutes1 d>k5s1 & ru9s ! s\l2 e act ( ob$i5ce /r5g!ns1 elevates1 & saves x4 ,ob$i5ce1 p]sev]$ 9 to ! end1 insures ! salvation ( ! s\l4 ,b1 9 ord] t we may obey1 we mu/ fir/ be ju/ifi$2 = :at is to give u ! /r5g? & ! he>t to obey1 except ! p>don+ love ( ,god8 ,x is ?is s5se ( reconciliation1--x is ?is _s ( adoption1 :]eby we cry1 8,abba1 ,fa!r10--:i* gives u ! p[] to obey4 ,we d n obey ,god to be =giv52 b we are =giv5 t we may obey4 ,h we read ! ,gospels1 & h we =gott5 all ! in/ances 9 :i* ,jesus said1 8,?y s9s are =giv5 !e10 be=e !re _h be5 any *ange ( conduct1 or re=m ( "*8 & h we =gott5 ! memorable passage 9 :i* he expla9s to ! capti\s ,ph>isee :y he does ?is 7,luke #g3cf-ej71--on ! pr9ciple t ! "o to :om ! mo/ is =giv5 w love ! mo/8 ,to po9t out to m5 _! duties1 & tell !m to d !m1 does n enable !m to d !m2 b ! sight ( ,god's love 9 ,jesus ,*ri/ does create 9 !m new /r5g?4 ,t true foll[] ( ,jesus1 ! fir/ ( our ,m9i/]s at ,l>ge1 ,dr4 ,tuck]man1 did n say to ! poor victim ( s91 t :5 he re=m$ 8 conduct1 he w\ld be 8 fri5d4 ,no3 l 8 ,ma/]1 he %[$ himself 8 fri5d :ile he 0 yet a s9n]1 & s gave him hope & c\rage to break away f 8 s94 ,he has left on record "o ( ! mo/ t\*+ in/ances ( ! p[] ( love to melt d[n ! imp5it5t he>t1 9 ! case ( a convict :om he p]si/$ 9 visit+1 ?\gh he 0 p]fectly h>d5$1 & fill$ ) bitt]ness & rage4 ,he p]si/$ 9 pati5t attempts to s(t5 8 he>t1 till he succe$$1 by ! irresi/ible p[] ( love1 9 mak+ him humble z a little *ild4 ,suppose he _h s5t him ^w1 t if he rep5t$1 & %[$ ! prop] _s1 he w\ld come & visit him4 ,he _h n s le>n$ ,god or ,*ri/4 ,he knew t he mu/ ov]come evil ) good4 ,exactly s does ,god ov]come our evil ) good4 ,to tell m5 to d _! duties t !y may be =giv51 is to tell !m to d :at !y h no p[] to d4 ,a confid5t reliance on ,god's love1 & /eadfa/ communion ) him1 are ! only s\rce ( real improvem5t4 ,:5 we feel ^!1 we are "o ) ,god2 :5 we c g to him confid5tly1 z *ildr5 to a fa!r2 :5 we c betake ourselves to 8 love 9 e em]g5cy ( life1--we h a s\rce ( real /r5g?1 & gr[?1 & improvem5t )9 u4 ,b1 )\t ?is feel+ ( peace ) ,god1 ! ef=t to d our duties only h>asses & irritates our consci5ce3 x produces we>9ess ( he>t1 a con/ant feel+ ( unwor?9ess & failure1 a con/ant s5se ( obligations & responsibilities :i* we d n & _c fulfil4 ,duty is a we>y task1 a heavy burd52 & our life is cru%$ d[n by con/ant anxiety & c>e4 ,b if we beg9 "r1 & come to ,god fir/1 & lean on 8 love1 & rely on 8 promise1 !n we are fill$ ) hope & joyful assurance1 & failure does n dismay u1 = we say1 8,god's tru? is pl$g$ = our success2 & if1 :ile we 7 enemies1 we 7 reconcil$ to ,god by ! dea? ( 8 ,son1 mu* m1 be+ reconcil$1 we %all be sav$ by 8 life40 ,x may be object$ t x is dang]\s to religion to admit t we c be ju/ifi$ be=e we h believ$ c]ta9 important doctr9es or exp]i5c$ c]ta9 peculi> feel+s4 ,x may also be object$1 on ! o!r h&1 t x is dang]\s to morality to suppose t p>don c prec$e re=mation4 ,b ! m we read ! ,scriptures1 ! m we look into our own he>t1 & ! m we become acqua9t$ ) our fell[-m51 ! deep] is our conviction1 t !re is b "o s\rce ( true piety & s\nd morality--a he>t reconcil$ to ,god1 & at peace ) him4 ,we d n und]value correct belief1 deep feel+1 or active ob$i5ce2 b we place !m :]e !y belong4 ,!y are ! fruit ( ! tree1 n ! root ( ! tree4 ,! root & s\rce & beg9n+ ( all piety & hol9ess is simple fai? 9 ,god ?r\gh ,*ri/4 ,we mu/ ask ourselves1 !re=e1 fir/ ( all1 8,are we reconcil$ to ,god1 or are we n8 ,are we liv+ 9 filial communion ) him1 or liv+ )\t him 9 ! _w80 ,if unreconcil$1 we mu/ n ?9k to "w ourselves up into a degree ( goodness or pi\s feel+ )\t ,god4 ,!re is no /r5g? :]e !re is no confid5ce1 :]e !re is no?+ to lean on1 :]e !re is holl[ness )94 ,we ought to come at once to ,god4 ,we ought to lift our he>ts to him1 n say+1 8,:o %all g up to heav5 = u1 to br+ him to u8 ,:o %all g ov] ! sea = u80 ,= 8 ^w is v nigh1 9 our m\? & he>t4 ,! above discussion w %[ :at we consid] to be ! tru?s1 & :at ! errors1 9 ! ,or?odox view ( ju/ification by fai?4 ,,*apt] ,x4 ,,or?odox ,,idea ,,( ,,! ,,atonem5t4 #a4 ,confusion 9 ! ,or?odox ,/atem5t4 ,! subject ( ?is *apt] is ! ,or?odox doctr9e ( ! "w ( ,*ri/1 & especially ( ! atonem5t4 ,no doctr9e ( ,or?odoxy is m difficult to /ate to ! satisfaction ( ! ,or?odox ?an ?is4 ,! reason is1 t !re is no doctr9e conc]n+ :i* ! ,or?odox diff] s mu* among !mselves4 ,!re is no difficulty 9 /at+ ! ,or?odox doctr9e ( ! ,tr9ity2 = ?is is ! same1 or ne>ly ! same1 9 ! symbols ( all ! ,or?odox sects4 ,! ,roman ,ca?olic doctr9e ( ! ,tr9ity is ess5tially ! same ) t ( ! ,presbyt]ian1 ,lu!ran1 ,me?odi/1 & ,episcopal ,*ur*es4 ,b n s ) ! doctr9e ( ,*ri/'s reconcil+ & aton+ "w4 ,?is has tak5 e =m 9 pa/ hi/ory1 & is altoge!r unsettl$ at ! pres5t "t4 ,usually1 _m views are m+l$ toge!r 9 mod]n ,or?odoxy2 & :ile all ,or?odox tea*]s use ! same language1 speak+ ( ! dea? ( ,*ri/ z 8atonem5t10 8expiation10 8vic>i\s sacrifice10 8s9-(f]+10 8sub/itution10 8satisfaction10 yet !y connect ) ^! words v diff]5t ideas4 ,su* is ! te/imony ( an em95t ,or?odox div9e1 :o speaks ?us3-- 8,!re is a g5]al concurr5ce 9 ! words vic>i\s1 expiation1 (f]+1 sub/itute1 & ! l1 b no agreem5t z to ! mann] 9 :i* !y are to get _! mean+4 ,sometimes ! analogy ( crim9al law is tak52 & !n our s9s are spok5 ( z be+ transf]r$ to ,*ri/1 or he z hav+ accept$ !m to be> _! p5alty4 ,sometimes ! civil or comm]cial law furni%es ! analogy2 & !n1 our s9s be+ tak5 z a debt1 ,*ri/ (f]s himself z a ransom = u4 ,or ! analogy ( ! c]emonial law is accept$2 & !n ,*ri/ is set =? z a propitiatory or expiatory (f]+ to obta9 remission ( s9s = u4 ,reg>d+ ,*ri/ z suff]+ = u 9 "o or ano!r ( ^! ,scripture =ms or figures tak5 z ! lit]al dogmatic tru?1 we h z _m di/9ct !ories4 ,!n1 aga91 diff]5t z ^! figures are f ea* o!r1 !y w yet be us$ int]*angeably1 all 9 ! s5se ( "o or ano!r ( !m4 ,& !n1 aga91 to d\ble ! confusion yet once m1 we h two sets ( repres5tations produc$ "u ea*1 accord+ly z ,*ri/ is conceiv$ to (f] himself to ,jehovah's ju/ice1 or z ,jehovah is conceiv$ himself to prep>e ! (f]+ out ( 8 own m]cy4 8,on ! :ole1 ,i "k ( no def9ite & fix$ po9t on :i* ! ,or?odox view1 s call$1 may be said to hang1 unless x be ?is1 viz41 t ,*ri/ suff]s evil z evil1 or 9 direct & simple sub/itution = evil t 0 to be suff]$ by u2 s t ,god accepts "o evil 9 place ( ! o!r1 &1 be+ satisfi$ 9 ?is mann]1 is able to ju/ify or p>don4 8,z to ! measure ( ?is evil1 !re are diff]5t op9ions4 ,calv9 ma9ta9$ ! truly horrible doctr9e1 t ,*ri/ desc5d$ into hell :5 crucifi$1 & suff]$ ! pa9s ( ! damn$ = ?ree days4 ,a v great numb] ( ! ,*ri/ian tea*]s1 ev5 at ?is day1 ma9ta9 t ,*ri/ suff]$ exactly z mu* pa9 z all ! r$eem$ w\ld h suff]$ "u ! p5alties ( et]nal ju/ice4 ,b ?is p5al view ( ,*ri/'s dea? has be5 gradually giv+ way1 till n[1 "u its mo/ mod]n1 mo/ mitigat$1 & lea/ objectionable =m1 he is only said to h suff]$ "u a law ( expression4 8,?us ,god w\ld h express$ a c]ta9 abhorr5ce ( s9 by ! puni%m5t ( ! _w4 ,*ri/ n[ suff]s only z mu* pa9 z w express ! same am\nt ( abhorr5ce4 ,& consid]+ ! dignity ( ! ,suff]]1 & 8 relations to ! ,fa!r1 !re 0 no ne$ ( suff]+ ! same1 or ev5 any proximate am\nt ( pa91 to make an expression ( abhorr5ce to s91 t is1 ( ju/ice1 equal to t produc$ by ! lit]al puni%m5t ( ! race4 ,/ill1 x w be se5 to be a "p ( ?is m mitigat$ view1 t ,*ri/ suff]s evil z evil2 :i* evil suff]$ is accept$ z a comp5sative expression ( ,god's indignation aga9/ s94 ,accord+ly1 9 ! agony ( ,ge?semane1 & :5 ! ,savi\r exclaims 9 8 passion1 #8,my ,god1 my ,god1 :y ha/ ?\ =sak5 me8' x w be tak5 = lit]al tru?1 t ! fr[n ( ,god1 or div9e ju/ice1 re/$ on 8 s\l4 8,x w probably be "r1 !n1 to di/ribute ! views ( ^? :o are accept$ n[ z ,or?odox tea*]s1 into two classes--"o :o consid] ! dea? ( ,*ri/ z avail+ by :at x is2 ! o!r1 by =ce ( :at x expresses2 ! =m] hold+ x z a lit]al sub/itution ( evil endur$ = evil t 0 to be endur$2 ! latt] hold+ x z an expression ( abhorr5ce to s91 made1 ?r\gh ! suff]+ ( "o1 9 place ( ! same expression t 0 to be made by ! suff]+ ( _m4 8,z reg>ds ! =m] class ( repres5tations1 we may say1 compreh5sively1 t !y are capable1 "o & all1 ( no light 9 :i* !y d n ev5 (f5d "s "r moral s5tim5t ( our be+4 ,inde$1 !y raise up moral objections ) su* m>vell\s fecundity1 t we c h>dly /ate !m z fa/ z !y occur to u407#ai7 #b4 ,great ,importance attribut$ to ?is ,doctr9e4 ,b1 not)/&+ ! fact t !re is su* confusion 9 ! m9ds ( ! ,or?odox ab\t ?is doctr9e1 !re is1 nev]!less1 no doctr9e ! belief 9 :i* is reg>d$ z s important4 ,) respect to o!r doctr9es1--! ,tr9ity1 = example1--dogmatic ,*ri/ianity decl>es our salvation to dep5d ^u our belief ( x2 b 9 reg>d to ! atonem5t1 x goes f>!r1 & makes our salvation dep5d on us+ ! phraseology ( ! doctr9e4 ,o!r doctr9es w save u1 on ! condition ( believ+ !m2 ?is1 on ! condition ( us+ ! language4 ,if a man %all lead a life ( purity & goodness1 b expresses d\bts conc]n+ ?is doctr9e1 8 ,or?odox fri5ds w h sc>cely any hope ( 8 salvation2 b if ! mo/ deprav$ crim9al1 aft] a life /eep$ 9 wick$ness1 %all m]ely say on 8 dea?-b$1 t he hopes 8to be sav$ by ! aton+ blood ( ,*ri/10 he is ?\ght imm$iately to be on ! fair way to heav54 ,no matt] h[ good a man is1 if he does n accept ! ,or?odox language on ?is po9t1 8 fri5ds fe> = him3 no matt] h[ bad he is1 if he does accept x1 !y hope = him4 ,!re is a sort ( magical p[] attribut$ to ! v words4 ,!y are almo/ suppos$ to act l a talisman or a *>m4 ,n[1 :ile we reject all su* sup]/iti\s views ( ! p[] ( m]e words1 :ile we reject all false mean+ & all no mean+1 x is prop] to ?9k t !re may be "s sub/antial tru? 9 ^! ,or?odox op9ions conc]n+ ! atonem5t4 ,let u endeavor to f9d :at ?is vital tru? really is1 & :y ?is doctr9e is s de> to ! he>t ( ,or?odoxy4 #c4 ,/ress laid on ! ,dea? ( ,jesus 9 ! ,scripture4 ,consid] ! /ress laid on ! suff]+s ( ,jesus 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t4 ,notice :at our ,savi\r says himself3 8,?is is my blood ( ! ,new ,cov5ant1 :i* is %$ = _m = ! remission ( s9s40 8,! bread t ,i w give is my fle%1 :i* ,i w give = ! life ( ! _w40 8,= z ,moses lift$ up ! s]p5t 9 ! wild]ness1 ev5 s mu/ ! ,son ( man be lift$ up1 t :osoev] believe? 9 him %\ld n p]i%1 b h et]nal life40 8,i am ! good %eph]d3 ! good %eph]d give? 8 life = ! %eep40 ,consid]1 aga91 :at is said on ?is subject 9 ! ,epi/les4 8,jesus ,*ri/1 :om ,god ha? set =? z a m]cy seat ?r\gh fai? 9 8 blood40 8,:5 we 7 enemies we 7 reconcil$ to ,god by ! dea? ( 8 ,son40 8,he di$ = our s9s40 8,he is sacrific$ = u40 8,he gave himself = our s9s40 8,we h r$emption ?r\gh 8 blood1 ev5 ! =giv5ess ( s940 8,hav+ made peace ?r\gh ! blood ( 8 cross40 8,he gave himself a ransom = all40 8,he wa%$ u f our s9s ?r\gh 8 blood40 8,by ^: /ripes we are heal$40 8,?\gh he 7 a ,son1 yet le>n$ he ob$i5ce by ! ?+s :i* he suff]$1 & be+ made p]fect1 became ! au?or ( et]nal salvation unto all !m t obey him40 ,aga93 8,b we see ,jesus1 :o 0 made a little l[] ?an ! angels1 = ! suff]+ ( dea?1 cr[n$ ) glory & honor1 t he1 by ! grace ( ,god1 %\ld ta/e dea? = e man4 ,= x became him1 = :om are all ?+s1 & by :om are all ?+s1 9 br++ _m sons unto glory1 to make ! ,capta9 ( _! salvation p]fect ?r\gh suff]+s40 8,:]e=e 9 all ?+s x behoov$ him to be made l unto 8 bre?r51 t he might be a m]ciful & fai?ful high prie/ 9 ?+s p]ta9+ to ,god1 to make reconciliation = ! s9s ( ! p4 ,= 9 t he himself ha? suff]$1 be+ tempt$1 he is able to succor !m t are tempt$40 ,^! are "s ( ! passages :i* connect ! suff]+s ( ,jesus ,*ri/ ) s9 on ! "o h&1 & salvation on ! o!r4 #d4 ,difficulty 9 int]pret+ ^! ,scripture ,passages4 ,!re is a difficulty1 h[ev]1 9 und]/&+ ! mean+ & feel+ ! =ce ( su* texts z ^!4 ,?is difficulty consi/s 9 ! fact t ^! passages are con/antly quot$ z pro( texts4 ,f our *ildhood up we h he>d !m br\ght =w>d to prove ! tru? ( "s p>ticul> doctr9e or !ory ( atonem5t1 & :5 we read ^! v]ses1 we imm$iately associate !m ) "s doctr9e :i* we l or dislike4 ,our feel+s & prejudices are involv$ 9 int]pret+ ! passage "o way or ! o!r1 s t we are unable to look at x fairly4 ,9 ord] to ov]come ?is difficulty1 we mu/ make ?is obvi\s di/9ction4 ,we mu/ di/+ui% betwe5 ! /atem5t ( a fact & ! !ory conc]n+ x4 ,! fact :i* ! ,bible /ates is simply ?is--t ! s9s ( man 7 ! occasion ( ,*ri/'s dea?1 & t by 8 dea? he saves u f our s94 ,?is is ! fact :i* ! ,scriptures ass]t4 ,! way 9 :i* he saves u is a matt] ( !ory4 ,:y x 0 t human s9 made x necess>y = ,*ri/ to die1 h[ x is t 8 dea? reconciles u to ,god1--?is belongs to ! !ory4 ,n[1 :ile ! ,scriptures say a great deal ab\t ! fact t ,*ri/'s suff]+s save u f our s9s1 !y say v little z reg>ds ! way 9 :i* !y save u f our s9s4 #e4 ,!ological ,!ories bas$ on ! ,figurative ,language ( ! ,new ,te/am5t4 ,! ,scriptures /ate ! fact2 ! !ologians h suppli$ ! explanations4 ,innum]able h be5 ! !ories devis$ by !ology to %[ 9 :at way ! suff]+s ( ,*ri/ h avail$ = ! salvation ( m5--!ories ( imputation1 !ories ( sub/itution1 !ories ( satisfaction4 ,he 0 puni%$ 9 our place2 he paid our debt2 he 0 our f$]al head & repres5tative2 he satisfi$ ! ju/ice ( ,god2 he appeas$ ! wra? ( ,god4 ,b especially are ! figures & metaphors ( ! ,new ,te/am5t press$ into ! s]vice ( !ology1 & made ! basis ( grave !ories4 ,?us are metaphors turn$ into metaphysics1 & rhetoric *ang$ to logic4 ,! images ( ! ,new ,te/am5t 7 naturally tak5 f famili> objects & transactions1 especially f w>1 f slav]y1 & f ! ,jewi% ritual4 ,s9 is our enemy1 :o has conqu]$ u 9 battle1 & made u 8 prison]s4 ,*ri/ r$eems u f ?is captivity1 & pays our ransom4 ,s9 is a cruel ma/]1 & we are 8 slaves4 ,he is ab\t to torture u ) ! rod4 ,*ri/ comes & takes our puni%m5t on himself4 ,he be>s our /ripes4 ,accord+ to ! ,jewi% ritual ! pas*al fea/ 0 a commemoration ( ,god's m]cy4 ,x 0 to ! ,jews :at ,?anksgiv+ ,day is to ! p ( ,new ,engl&4 ,s ! ,*ri/ians said ,*ri/ is our ,passov]4 ,9 ! ,jewi% ritual ,god 0 believ$ to manife/ himself ov] ! m]cy seat 9 ! inn] sanctu>y ( ! temple4 ,! ,*ri/ians said1 ,*ri/ is our m]cy seat4 ,all ?is 0 natural2 b ^! images h be5 turn$ into elaborate !ories by ! !ologians :o h argu$ t ,*ri/'s dea? 0 a lit]al ransom1 a lit]al m]cy seat1 & a lit]al passov]4 ,^! !ories h mo/ly pass$ by4 ,! common ,or?odox !ory 9 ,new ,engl& n[ is mu* m reasonable1 b un=tunately mu* less scriptural4 ,x is f\nd$ on ! analogy ( human gov]nm5t4 ,god is comp>$ to a wise & k9d rul]1 :o gov]ns by law1 & :o wi%es to p>don ! p5it5t crim9al1 b fe>s t if he does s1 he w impair ! respect felt = 8 law1 & !re=e ?9ks x necess>y to d some?+ to %[ ! evil ( disob$i5ce be=e he c p>don4 ,*ri/ is will+ to die 9 ord] to make ?is impression on ! m9ds ( m54 ,& ?is he accord+ly does4 ,b un=tunately1 z we said1 !re is no?+ 9 ! ,scripture1 n ev5 a metaphorical expression1 to support ?is !ory4 ,! apo/les did n h rec\rse = _! figures & images to su* usage ( gov]nm5t1 & t = ! simple reason t no su* usage or necessity !n exi/$4 ,! gov]nm5ts 7 all despotic1 & no despot1 wi%+ to p>don1 _h any difficulty on ! gr\nd t ! sanctity ( 8 laws might be impair$4 ,w>1 slav]y1 & ! ,jewi% ritual1 & h\sehold usages exi/$4 ,_! images 7 tak5 f ^!4 ,!y spoke ( ransom1 ( /ripes1 ( ! passov]1 & ! m]cy seat1 ( wa%+ & heal+1 b n ( gov]nm5ts & laws4 ,s9 is our conqu]or1 & ,*ri/ r$eems u4 ,s9 is a slav]y1 & ,*ri/ ransoms u4 ,s9 is defilem5t1 & ,*ri/ wa%es u4 ,s9 is a disease1 & ,*ri/ heals u4 ,all ?is occurs aga9 & aga91 b no?+ occurs ab\t con/itutional gov]nm5ts1 or conflicts betwe5 ! claims ( ju/ice & m]cy4 #f4 ,! ?ree pr9cipal ,views ( ! ,atonem5t--w>like1 legal1 & gov]nm5tal4 ,?ree pr9cipal views on ?is subject h prevail$ 9 ! ,*ri/ian ,*ur* z ,or?odox4 ,! fir/ may be call$ ! w>like view ( ,*ri/'s "w1 ! second may be call$ ! legal view1 & ! ?ird ! gov]nm5tal view4 ,! fir/ 0 ! prevail+ ,or?odox view f ! e>lie/ times till ! middle ages1 & is bas$ on ! idea ( a conflict or w> betwe5 ,*ri/ & ! ,devil = ! s\l ( man4 ,! ,devil _h ga9$ possession ( ! human race 9 consequ5ce ( its s94 ,! "r ( ! ,devil ov] m5 0 fully admitt$4 ,augu/9e consid]$ x z ! "r ( prop]ty1 ,leo ! ,great z ! "r ( a conqu]or4 ,*ri/ gave 8 own life to ! ,devil z a ransom1 :i* 0 adequate to r$eem ! :ole race4 ,?is !ory re/$ on ! lit]al int]pretation ( ! words 8ransom0 & 8r$emption40 ,if ,*ri/'s dea? 0 a ransom1 if he came 8to give 8 life a ransom = _m10 ! "q naturally arose1 8,f ^: p[] 7 m5 r$eem$1 & to :om 0 ! ransom paid80 ,c]ta9ly1 m5 7 n r$eem$ f ! p[] ( ,god4 ,! ransom c\ld n h be5 paid to ,god1 b to "s enemy :o held u z 8 prison]s4 ,! only possible answ]1 !re=e1 is1 t ! ransom 0 paid to ! ,devil4 ,! ,devil 0 ! cruel tyrant :o _h enslav$ u4 ,he _h a "r to d s2 = we _h become 8 slaves ?r\gh our s94 ,b he _h no "r ov] ,*ri/1 = ,*ri/ _h committ$ no s92 s t ! dea? ( ,*ri/ 0 a free (f]+ to ! ,devil to r$eem ! race4 ,accord+ to ?is view1 !re=e1 ! atonem5t 0 made to ! ,devil4 ,b 9 ! middle ages ano!r view ( ! atonem5t became ,or?odox1 f\nd$ n ^u ! idea ( a ransom1 b on t ( a debt4 ,accord+ to ?is view ! div9e law requires t ! debt :i* man owes to ,god1 :i* is p]fect ob$i5ce1 %all be paid1 ei!r by himself or by "s "o else4 ,anselm1 ! f\nd] ( ?is !ory1 def9$ s9 8z n giv+ to ,god 8 due40 ,man _c pay ?is debt himself1 & !re=e ,*ri/ pays x = him4 ,?is is ! legal view ( ! atonem5t1 or p]haps we might r call x ! comm]cial view4 ,b ?is !ory1 aft] hav+ endur$ z ,or?odox = "s five hundr$ ye>s1 gave place to a ?ird1 bas$ n on ! idea ( a ransom or ( a debt1 b ( a /ate necessity4 ,x w\ld n d = ,god1 z a moral ,gov]nor1 to =give s91 unless by "s great example an impression c\ld be made ( ! evil ( s94 ,?is impression is produc$ by ! dea? ( ,*ri/1 :o !re=e di$ n to atone = pa/ s91 b to prev5t future s91 or1 9 o!r words1 to make a moral impression on ! human m9d4 ,?is is ! popul> !ory ( ! atonem5t held by ! ,or?odox at ! pres5t "t4 ,b x is v mu* mix$ up ) ! o!rs4 ,! diff]5t views held by mod]n ,or?odoxy range all ! way f ! old ,calv9ism ( ,pr9ceton1 ?r\gh ! v>i\s %ades ( ,new ,engl& !ology1 to ! late/ =m express$ by ,dr4 ,horace ,bu%nell 9 8 rec5t "w on 8,vic>i\s ,sacrifice40 #g4 ,impression made by ,*ri/'s ,dea? on ! ,m9ds ( 8 ,disciples4 ,fir/ ,!ory on ! ,subject 9 ! ,epi/le to ! ,hebrews4 ,! suff]+s ( ,jesus produc$ a wond]ful impression on ! m9ds ( 8 disciples4 ,?is impression 0 comp\nd$ ( a/oni%m5t1 t5d]ness1 & gratitude4 ,t a man s div9e 9 "*1 9 wisdom1 9 a comm& ov] nature1 %\ld submit will+ly to su* labor1 ignom9y1 & angui%1 0 a wond] to !m4 ,b !re 0 a my/]y ( sorr[ b5ea? ! visible sorr[1 a pa9 )9 ! pa91 a dep? ( grief felt n = himself1 b = o!rs1 an angui% on acc\nt ( ! s9 ( ! _w1 :i* especially aw$ & t\*$ !m4 ,*ri/ plung$ into ! mid/ ( s9 to save s\ls1 z a h]o ru%es into ! mid/ ( burn+ flames to save lives4 ,no man l ,jesus _h ev] felt su* angui% & horror at ! sight ( s92 b in/ead ( fly+ f x1 he came into ! mid/ ( x to save ! s9n]4 ,?is 0 ! secret ( 8 agony1 ! bitt]ness ( 8 cup4 ,m>tyrs at ! /ake are borne up by _! own triumphant self-approval4 ,b ,jesus1 9 8 angui%1 did n ?9k ( 8 own triumph1 b ! s9 & sorr[ ( ^? :o afflict$ him4 8,daught]s ( ,j]usalem1 weep n = me1 b weep = y\rselves & y\r *ildr540 8,fa!r1 =give !m2 !y "k n :at !y d40 ,?is is ! secret ( ,*ri/'s angui%--?is inf9ite horror ( s9 jo9$ to an inf9ite love = ! s9n]4 ,?r\gh ?is dep? ( sorr[ !re came to ! m9ds ( ! apo/les a revelation ( ! evil ( s9 & ! inf9ite compassion ( ,god1 :i* produc$ p5it5ce1 hope1 & love4 ,! dy+ ,*ri/ reconcil$ !m to ,god4 ,?is !y felt & decl>$2 !y did n attempt to expla9 h[1 b by images & metaphors drawn f all famili> objects1 !y decl>$ t ,*ri/'s sorr[s m ?an 8 glory1 8 pati5ce r ?an 8 p[]1 8 dea? m ?an 8 life1 _h )drawn _! he>ts f s91 & giv5 !m peace ) ,god4 ,"o writ] alone 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t attempts an explanation ( ?is influ5ce4 ,x is only an attempt1 a m]e h9t1 ! g]m ( a !ology3 x is f\nd 9 ! ,epi/le to ! ,hebrews47#bj7 ,accord+ to ^! passages ,*ri/ suff]$1--#a4 ,to le>n ob$i5ce2 #b4 ,t he might ?us become p]fect2 #c4 ,by an entire cultivation ( 8 sympa?ies ) ! tempt$2 #d4 ,s z to become to !m ! au?or ( et]nal salvation by reconcil+ !m to ,god4 ,?is1 we may obs]ve1 s f> z x goes1 is really a !ory ( atonem5t1 & n a m]e /atem5t ( ! fact4 ,moreov]1 x seems to u to conta9 ! g]m ( a f> nobl] & deep] !ory ?an any 9 :i* ! ,*ur* has hi!rto believ$4 ,x is m human1 m rational1 connect$ m ) real exp]i5ce & ! solid facts ( life4 #h4 ,value ( ,suff]+ z a ,means ( ,education4 ,! suff]+s ( ,*ri/ 7 necess>y = 8 own p]fection1 & suff]+ 9 "s =m or o!r is necess>y = all p]fection4 ,x is (t5 said t suff]+ 9 ?is _w is casual1 an accid5tal ?+1 aris+ f human mi/akes1 & t ! "t w come 9 :i* man w gr[ up into p]fection )\t suff]+4 ,a p]petual sunlight is ?\ght to be ! be/ condition = ! human plant4 ,pa9 & want /unt its gr[?1 w9t] /orms arre/ its developm5t2 & s x is suppos$ t if we c get rid ( ?is elem5t ( suff]+1 human be+s w soon become all !y ought to be4 ,b ! poet speaks m wisely :o says1-- 8,to ea* _! suff]+s3 all are m5 ,condemn$ alike to groan2 ,! feel+ = ano!r's woe1 ,! unfeel+ = 8 own40 ,= suppose t we c\ld remove f ! _w all outw>d evil--get rid ( sickness1 pa91 pov]ty1 dea?4 ,w\ld n ! wor/ "p ( evil /ill rema98 ,w\ld n discont5t1 selfi%ness1 envy1 wilfulness1 cruelty1 self-indulg5ce cont9ue8 ,all ^! exi/--p]haps exi/ mo/ frequ5tly--:]e !re is ! lea/ ( outw>d evil2 & ! outw>d evil is ! bitt] m$ic9e :i* comes by & by z a cure4 #i4 ,! ,human ,consci5ce sugge/s ! ,ne$ ( "s ,satisfaction 9 ord] to our ,=giv5ess4 ,! c5tral idea ( ! atonem5t is1 t ,*ri/ has done some?+ :i* enables ,god to =give u our s92 & ! reason :y ?is doctr9e ( atonem5t seems s preci\s is1 t we feel t !re is a real difficulty 9 ! way ( =giv5ess1--z if some?+ else 7 necess>y besides rep5tance1--z if "s comp5sation or rep>ation %\ld be made someh[ to ! (f5d$ law ( ,god1 or to ! aggriev$ hol9ess ( ,god4 ,we d n say t ?is feel+ is a true feel+3 t "q we mu/ consid] aft]w>ds4 ,b x is1 at any rate1 a natural feel+1 :e!r x be f\nd$ on our k ( ,god or our ignorance ( ,god4 ,x is h>d to believe t a man :om we h injur$ w =give u t injury m]ely because we ask him to d s1 & are sorry = :at we h done4 ,we feel t we mu/ make "s rep>ation be=e he c or ought to =give u4 ,unque/ionably1 ! consci5ce is ! s\rce ( ?is feel+4 ,x l$ ,zac*eus to say1 8,if ,i h done any man wrong1 ,i re/ore him f\r-fold40 ,a full rep>ation = an injury1 accompani$ ) sorr[ = hav+ done x1 ! expression ( :i* sorr[ is confession1 satisfies ! consci5ce4 ,hav+ done ?is1 we feel t we h a "r to be =giv54 ,b x is v seldom t su* full rep>ation c be made4 ,! consequ5ces ( our wrong acts _c usually be remov$ or effac$4 ,wrong-do+ is l ! gate ( hell--easy to op51 b difficult1 if n impossible1 to close aga94 8,%e op5$1 b to %ut excell$ h] p[]40 ,in/ead ( rep>ation1 !re=e1 ! consci5ce sub/itutes retribution--ei!r rep>ation or ! p5alty2 & ! natural =m ( ! p5alty is an equival5t4 ,natural ju/ice says1 8,an eye = an eye1 a too? = a too?40 ,?is ! consci5ce ?9ks "r2 ?is is ju/ice4 ,all less ?an ?is is m]cy2 all m ?an ?is is rev5ge4 ,we ?9k t if we analyze ! feel+ :i* ! consci5ce gives u conc]n+ ! consequ5ces ( wrong-do+1 x is ?is3 ,fir/1 consci5ce dem&s rep>ation to ! injur$ p>ty2 second1 x dem&s puni%m5t z a satisfaction to be made to ! law ( "r1 & ?is suff]+ to be accept$ z j by ! guilty p>ty2 & ?irdly1 x decl>es t guilt %\ld produce an ali5ation or sep>ation betwe5 ! guilty p>ty & ^? :o are n guilty4 ,to illu/rate all ?is1 let u suppose a case4 ,a man1 hi!rto respect$ & tru/$ by society commits "s great brea* ( tru/1 & robs ! community4 ,:at does ! consci5ce 9 su* a case dem&8 ,fir/1 t he %\ld give up 8 prop]ty1 & make1 if he c1 full re/itution2 second1 t he %\ld endure "s suff]+--t he %\ld n cont9ue to enjoy1 z be=e1 all 8 accu/om$ privileges2 & ?ird1 t he %\ld n reta9 8 /&+ 9 society1 & receive1 z be=e1 ! c\nt5ance & e/eem ( honorable p]sons4 ,consci5ce requires t he %\ld make atonem5t to ^? he has injur$ by re/itution2 to ! law ( "r1 :i* he has (f5d$1 by suff]+ "s puni%m5t2 & to honorable m5 by keep+ out ( _! way4 ,?is1 :i* ! consci5ce tea*es ( an injury done to man1 x also tea*es ( an injury done to ,god4 ,! (f5ce aga9/ man is a crime2 ! (f5ce aga9/ ,god is a s94 ,= a crime1 ! consci5ce requires re/itution1 puni%m5t ) confession1 & ali5ation f ! good1 :i* is %ame4 ,= a s91 ! consci5ce requires1 9 l mann]1 re/itution1 puni%m5t1 & ali5ation4 ,x m]ely transf]s to ,god's ju/ice ! ideas ( atonem5t :i* human ju/ice has giv5 to x4 ,b ,god's ju/ice is n l man's4 ,! ideas ( atonem5t s ab/ract$ are ess5tially false2 & to conv9ce u ( _! falsehood is "o ( ! objects ( ,*ri/'s dea?4 ,x is to %[ u t ,god does n dem& ?is full re/itution1 does n int5d to inflict ?is puni%m5t1 & is n ali5at$ f ! p5it5t s9n]4 ,! dea? ( ,*ri/ has done ?is4 #aj4 ,h[ ! ,dea? ( ,jesus br+s ,m5 to ,god4 ,z a matt] ( fact1 ! dea? ( ,*ri/ has enabl$ m5 to come to ,god4 8,!y :o 7 af> (f are made nigh by ! blood ( ,*ri/40 ,z a matt] ( fact1 x has lift$ m5 above ! fe> ( ,god into ! love ( ,god4 ,& ?is mu/ be a div9e "w4 ,n ! m]e dea? ( ! human be+ c\ld h done ?is2 b ! ,god :o dwelt 9 him has utt]$ 8 t5d] love1 8 =giv+ grace1 f ! cross4 8,god 0 9 ,*ri/1 reconcil+ ! _w unto himself40 ,! dea? ( ,*ri/ is an expression ( ,god's free grace4 ,if we reg>d ,*ri/1 9 8 life & "*1 z a manife/ation ( ,god's w1 !n 8 pa!tic & t5d] dea? reveals to u t ,god loves u ev5 :5 we are s9n]s1 be=e rep>ation or rep5tance2 8=1 :ile we 7 s9n]s1 ,*ri/ di$ = u40 ,!re is1 h[ev]1 a difficulty 9 believ+ t we c be =giv54 ,?is difficulty is 9 ! consci5ce2 &1-- 7a47 ,to say !re is no difficulty1 w n remove x4 7b47 ,to say t rep5tance & good works are en\gh1 w n remove x4 7c47 ,to say t ,god is m]ciful1 w n remove x2 = ! difficulty lies 9 ! consci5ce1 :i* decl>es t e s9 is1-- #a4 ,an injury done to ,god4 #b4 ,an injury to ! moral univ]se2 inasmu* z x is an example ( evil1 & a defiance ( "r4 #c4 ,an injury to ourselves1 by putt+ u away f ,god1 ! s\rce ( life1 & ali5at+ u f him4 ,n[1 x is true t ! ,new ,te/am5t says1 8,rep5t1 & be conv]t$1 & y\r s9s %all be blott$ out20 8,believe1 & be sav$40 ,x is true t if we w believe ourselves =giv51 we %all be =giv54 ,b h[ c we believe x1 :5 ! inw>d voice ( consci5ce is always say+ t ,god ought n to =give u )\t "s rep>ation made = ! injury done to himself1 to ! univ]se1 & to ourselves8 ,we ne$ some?+ to believe 9--"s manife/ation1 "s object4 ,some?+ we ne$ done by ,god to assure u t he is 9 e>ne/ 9 desir+ u to come & be reconcil$ to him4 ,n[1 ! suff]+s & dea? ( ,*ri/ seem to be ?is object3 !y enable u to believe 9 =giv5ess1 & s to be =giv52 !y meet ! difficulty ( ! consci5ce1 & relieve x ( its ?reefold emb>rassm5t4 ,=1 9 reg>d to ! injury done to ,god1 ,*ri/'s suff]+s are sub/itution1 or vic>i\s suff]+4 ,i d n say vic>i\s puni%m5t4 ,! innoc5t _c be puni%$ 9 ! place ( ! guilty2 b he c suff]1 & con/antly does suff]1 9 ! place ( ! guilty4 ,^! two laws are ann\nc$ 9 ! ,old ,te/am5t3 8,! s\l t s9ne?1 x %all die20 8,! wick$ness ( p>5ts %all be on ! *ildr540 ,if a man is alone1 he mu/ be> all ! consequ5ces ( 8 s9s2 b if he h fri5ds & *ildr51 !y w relieve him ( "s by _! self-sacrific+ k9dness3 _! suff]+s take ! place ( 8 puni%m5t4 ,h[ (t5 a wife does ?is6--int]pos+ h] suff]+s betwe5 h] husb&'s s9s & _! p5alty4 ,& :at a pr(\nd impression is made by x ( ! evil ( s96 ,x torm5ts innoc5t wom5 & *ildr52 x %ipwrecks ! peace ( a family4 ,:at an effect is produc$ on ! man himself6 ,:at a reproa* & t5d] rebuke to him is ?is6 ,! suff]+s ( ,*ri/ are sub/itut$ 9 ?is way = ours1 accord+ to ?is law2 & ?is div9e sub/itution is cont9u$ 9 ! sacrifices ( ,*ri/ians4 ,mission>ies & m>tyrs1 by _! zeal1 pati5ce1 & g5]osity1 c>ry out ! sacrifice ( ,*ri/4 ,?is is ,god 9 ,*ri/ work+ 9 u & 9 ! ,*ur*1 & work+ = s9n]s4 ,!n1 z to ! injury to ! _w by ! contempt s9 does to ! law1 ! suff]+s ( ,*ri/ are satisfaction3 !y satisfy ! div9e law2 !y make an impression ( ! importance ( ! law4 ,b "h1 aga91 x is n m]ely ,*ri/ alone :o does x1 b ,god 9 ,*ri/1 & ,*ri/ 9 ! ,*ur*1 :o honor ! div9e law by ! respect produc$ = x4 ,!y br+ u to rep5tance2 !y make u feel ! s9fulness ( s92 %[ u ! mis]y x causes to ^? :o love u1--h[ x pa9s ,god1 pa9s ,*ri/1 pa9s ! good1 & pa9s our fri5ds4 ,s we feel x1 & %[ x by true p5it5ce1 & s honor ! law4 ,! law is satisfi$ :5 ! suff]+s ( ,*ri/ & 8 foll[]s1 caus$ by s91 lead m5 to abhor s91 & love righte\sness4 ,z to ! injury :i* s9 does to a man himself by sep>at+ him f ,god's love1 & mak+ him at enmity ) ,god1 & ,god's wra? on him1 ! suff]+s ( ,*ri/ are reconciliation4 8,god 0 9 ,*ri/1 reconcil+ ! _w to himself40 ,:y 0 ,god ali5at$ f man8 ,because he is holy4 ,h[ c an unholy p]son be at "o ) a holy ,god8 ,! answ] is ?is3 ,god comes into 8 he>t by ,*ri/1 to =m ,*ri/ )9 him1 & to make him holy z ,*ri/ 0 holy4 ,he sees t :5 unit$ ) ,*ri/ 8 s9fulness is kill$ 9 its roots1 & a se$ ( p]fect purity is plant$ 9 8 s\l2 & s ,god is able to be at "o ) him ?r\gh 8 union ) ,*ri/3 8,i 9 !m1 & ?\ 9 me1 t we may be p]fectly at "o40 ,a love = ,*ri/ 9 ! he>t =ms ,*ri/ )9 u4 ,he is our life1 our motive p[]1 our aim2 & s he ca/s out ! root ( our s91 & br+s u to ,god4 ,?us we see t1 ev5 ?\gh we %\ld reject all ! ,or?odox !ories ab\t atonem5t1 we may accept ! fact4 ,we c believe t ,god 9 ,*ri/ does reconcile ! _w to himself1--does create a s5se ( p>don$ s91--does remove ! weight ( transgression1--does take away ! ob/acle 9 our consci5ce1--does help u into a liv+ fai?1 hope1 peace1 & joy4 ,moreov]1 ,*ri/ is really a sacrifice = s9--a real & true s9-(f]+4 ,= :at 7 ! s9-(f]+s "u ! law8 ,h[ did !y remove s98 ,n by !mselves 7x 0 impossible = ! blood ( bulls & goats to remove s971 b because !y 7 an appo9tm5t ( ,god1 & s %[$ ,god's disposition4 ,!y %[$ t 8 hol9ess 0 displeas$ ) evil2 !y %[$ t he lov$ ! s9n]1 & wi%$ to make him holy4 ,s ! dea? ( ,*ri/ is a true sacrifice 9 exactly ! same way1 b 9 a high] degree1 conv9c+ u ( ! evil ( s9 & ! love ( ,god4 ,! exp]i5ce ( ! :ole ,*ur* tea*es ! p[] ( ?is fai? to create 9 our s\ls a new life ( love4 ,see+ ,god com+ to u 9 ,*ri/ to reconcile u to himself1 & freely =giv+ our s9s1 removes f our he>ts d\bt1 anxiety1 & ! burd5 ( h>d responsibility1 & fills ! s\l ) a deep peace & joy 9 believ+4 ,s felt ! apo/le ,pet] :5 ! ,ma/] =gave him 8 d5ial4 ,f ! f\nta9 ( t =giv5ess fl[$ =? a riv] ( devotion4 ,s felt ,paul :5 =giv5 by ,jesus2 s felt ,augu/9e1 s ,ambrose1 s ,lu!r1 s ,wesley3 because !y _h be5 =giv5 mu*1 !y lov$ mu*2 = to :om little is =giv51 ! same love? little4 ,! practical conclusion is1 t x is less important to speculate z to ! h[1 ?an to endeavor to see ! fact4 ,:at we ne$ is fai? 9 ,god's p>don+1 r$eem+1 sav+ love 9 ,*ri/ ,jesus--fai? t our s9s are blott$ out2 t we c come at once to our ,fa!r2 t we c come boldly to ! ?rone ( grace2 t ! inf9ite ,fa!r looks at u ) love :5 we are a great way (f1 & says1 8,?is my son 0 dead1 & is alive aga92 0 lo/1 & is f\nd40 ,we may !re=e1 :5 we are consci\s ( go+ wrong & ( do+ wrong1 in/ead ( try+ to re=m ourselves alone by our own /r5g?1 g fir/ to ,god1 & be =giv5 ?r\gh fai? 9 ! great sacrifice ( ,*ri/3 8,:5 ,god ha? set =? to be a propitiation 7or m]cy seat71 ?r\gh fai? 9 8 blood1 to decl>e 8 righte\sness = ! remission ( s9s t are pa/1 ?r\gh ! =be>ance ( ,god1 t he might be j1 & ! ju/ifi] ( him :i* believe? 9 ,jesus40 #aa4 ,?is ,law ( ,vic>i\s ,suff]+ univ]sal4 ,or?odoxy1 9 all its !ories conc]n+ ! influ5ce ( ! dea? ( ,jesus1 has suppos$ 8 case exceptional & 8 "w peculi>4 ,x w\ld be v %ock+ to mo/ ,or?odox m9ds to suppose t ! same law ( vic>i\s sacrifice applies to o!rs2 t ! suff]+s & dea? ( ! good1 9 all ages1 h help$ to atone = evil2 h enabl$ s9n]s to obta9 p>don4 ,b su*1 we believe1 is ! fact4 ,jesus ,*ri/ came1 provid5tially1 z ! typical & p]fect man--! "o :o 0 s5t by ,god1 9 8 provid5ce1 to illu/rate :at humanity is to be & to d4 ,if ?is is s1 !n ,*ri/ did ess5tially no?+ b t :i* is f9ally to be done by all1 9 "s degree1 or "s way4 ,he is a *annel1 a m$iator1 ?r\gh :om ,god's life fl[s into ours2 b !n he makes u also m$iators1 by :om 8 life %all fl[ to o!rs4 ,he is ! image ( ,god2 b e true ,*ri/ian is1 aga91 ! image ( ,*ri/4 ,= :at ,*ri/ did1 & 01 0 no aft]?\ght1 no exception1 b a "p ( ! plan ( ! univ]se4 ,he 0 8=eorda9$ be=e ! f\ndation ( ! _w1 b manife/ 9 ^! la/ times40 ,he 0 ! 8,lamb ( ,god1 sla9 f ! f\ndation ( ! _w40 ,t is1 8 com+1 8 "*1 8 dea?1 8 resurrection1 8 miracles1 7 all a "p ( a div9e law4 ,& all ,god's laws are ! same 8ye/]day1 to-day1 & =ev]40 ,if ?is 7 n s1 we c\ld n und]/& ,*ri/1 nor sympa?ize ) him4 ,8 life w\ld be1 n only sup]natural1 :i* x is1 b unnatural1 :i* x is n4 ,8 miracles w\ld be1 n :at !y truly are1--,god's high] life fl[+ into nature1 & ! ,_s ov]com+ ! mat]ial resi/ance ( ?+s1--b !y w\ld be magical2 !y w\ld be l sorc]y & en*antm5t--violations ( ! c\rse ( ev5ts4 ,all ( ,*ri/'s life1 !n1 is typical ( our future lives1 9 ?is _w or 9 "s o!r _w4 ,x w\ld be easy to prove ?is out ( ,scripture4 ,ev]y?+ ass]t$ ( ,*ri/ is1 some:]e & 9 "s way1 ass]t$ also ( 8 disciples1 & ( all ,*ri/ians4 ,is he said to be "o ) ,god8 8,i & my ,fa!r are "o40 ,!y also are said to be "o ) ,god3 8,t !y all may be "o1 z we are "o2 ,i 9 !m1 & ?\ 9 me4 ,z ?\1 ,fa!r1 art 9 me1 & ,i 9 !e1 t !y also may be "o 9 u40 ,0 ,*ri/ said to "k all ?+s8 ,x is also said ( 8 disciples1 8,ye h an unction f ! ,holy ,gho/1 & "k all ?+s40 ,did ,*ri/ "w miracles8 ,he says to 8 disciples1 8,great] works ?an ^! %all ye d80 ,did ,god give to ,*ri/ glory :i* he _h be=e ! _w 08 ,he himself says ( 8 disciples1 8,! glory ?\ gave/ me ,i h giv5 !m40 ,did ,*ri/ rise f ! dead into a high] life8 ,we %all d ! same4 8,z we h borne ! image ( ! e>?ly1 we %all also be> ! image ( ! heav5ly40 ,*ri/1 9 8 high & p]fect life1 may be reg>d$ z a prophecy ( :at man is to become3 we may look on him z a revelation ( ! high] laws ( human nature1 z a type ( all humanity4 ,z reg>ds 8 aton+ dea?1 8 reconcil+ suff]+s1 ! same ?+ is true4 ,z he di$ = man1 s mu/ we die = ea* o!r4 ,?us says ! apo/le ,john3 8,h]e9 is love2 n t we lov$ ,god1 b t he lov$ u1 & s5t 8 ,son to be ! propitiation = our s9s4 ,belov$1 if ,god s lov$ u1 we ought also to love "o ano!r40 ,& aga91 8,because he laid d[n 8 life = u1 we ought also to lay d[n our lives = ! bre?r540 ,& ,paul1 aft] hav+ spok5 ( 8,*ri/'s hav+ made peace by ! blood ( ! cross10 says ( himself t he rejoices 9 8 own suff]+s = _! sake--rejoices to 8fill up t :i* is beh9d ( ! afflictions ( ,*ri/20 t is1 make up any defici5cy 9 ,*ri/'s suff]+s = !m4 8,*ri/'s suff]+s10 he says else:]e1 8ab\nd 9 u10 8 disciples4 8,we are p>tak]s ( 8 suff]+s10 says ! apo/le ,pet]4 ,if he ?\ght ,*ri/'s suff]+s entirely diff]5t 9 _! nature & mean+ f all o!r suff]+s1 he w\ld sc>cely h said t he 8p>took0 ( !m4 #ab4 ,?is ,law illu/rat$ f ,hi/ory--9 ! ,dea? ( ,socrates1 ,joan ( ,arc1 ,savon>ola1 & ,abraham ,l9coln4 ,! dea? ( ,jesus1 !re=e1 manife/$ 9 a high] degree ! same law :i* is illu/rat$ 9 ! dea?s ( all good & great s\ls1 m>tyrs to a pr9ciple1 or to an idea4 ,9 proportion to ! greatness & univ]sality ( ! idea1 & ! greatness & hol9ess ( ! m>tyr1 is ! impression pr(\nd4 ,we w give a few in/ances ( ?is f hi/ory1 to see t ! dea? ( ,jesus 0 n some?+ :olly outside ( law1 :olly exceptional1 b ! highe/ example ( ! great effect produc$ by "o :o walks /raight into dea? = a great idea4 ,! fir/ in/ance we take %all be t ( ,socrates4 ,:5 we ?9k ( ,socrates1 we ?9k ( 8 dea?4 ,he1 l ,jesus1 sp5t ! "t be=e 8 dea? conv]s+ ) 8 fri5ds conc]n+ ! highe/ !mes4 ,he talk$ ( immortality ?r\gh ! long summ] day4 ,he %[$ ! sup]iority ( ! s\l to ! body 9 :i* x dwelt2 & he _h lo/ all fe> ( dy+4 ,he _h sil5c$ :at ,plato calls 8! *ild )9 u1 :o trembles be=e dea?40 ,9 fact1 ! :ole tone ( 8 def5ce be=e ! judges %[s t he did n c>e to save 8 life4 ,! v]dict ( guilty 0 pron\nc$ by a majority ( five or six1 9 a vote ( five hundr$ & fifty-sev5 dica/s4 ,he made no prep>ation = 8 def5ce1 & said t a blameless life 0 ! be/ def5ce4 ,:5 he came to speak be=e ^? ^: vote 0 to decide on 8 life or dea?1 8 spee* seems a sort ( confid5tial cle>+ ( 8 brea/ ( all 8 op9ions4 ,he decl>es he has be5 ! greate/ b5efactor ( ,a!ns4 ,he tells !m !y ought n to be (f5d$ at ! resolute tone ( 8 def5ce1 s9ce x w\ld be unmanly = him to beg & plead = life2 = 8 duty 0 to in/ruct !m1 b n to supplicate4 ,x 0 /range t s small a majority 0 ca/ aga9/ him aft] su* a spee*4 ,!n ! cu/om requir$ him to say himself :at puni%m5t he %\ld suff]4 ,8 accus] _h call$ = dea?4 ,if he _h nam$ some?+ less sev]e1 z exile1 f9e1 imprisonm5t1 no d\bt 8 life _h be5 sav$4 ,in/ead1 he said1 8,i propose t ,i be rew>d$ z a public b5efactor1 by be+ support$ at ! public exp5se1 z a tea*] ( ! p4 ,/ill1 z my fri5ds wi% me to "n a f9e1 ,i w say ?irty m940 ,!y took ?is z an insult1 & s5t5c$ him to dea?4 ,!n he sp5t 8 h\rs 9 ^? immortal conv]sations :i* w be rememb]$ :5 all ! re/ ( ! glory & beauty ( ,greek lit]ature & art has pass$ away4 ,e mom5t ( 8 la/ h\rs has be5 c>efully record$2 & ! dea? ( ,socrates gave a p[] to 8 life1 & 8 life an influ5ce to 8 dea?1 :i* plac$ him among ! names :i* w nev] p]i% f human memory & gratitude4 ,!re is ano!r "n1 :i* comes out ( ! d>kness & cruelty ( ! middle ages1 ) a sweet1 s]5e1 & noble beauty--a pure life glorifi$ by a dea? ( m>tyrdom4 ,i mean t ( ,joan ( ,arc--! ,maid ( ,orleans4 ,on h] trial1 ! read9ess & beauty ( h] answ]s a/oni%$ h] prejudic$ judges4 ,! poor girl1 only n9ete5 ye>s old1 a prison] 9 *a9s1 be=e ^! doctors & lawy]s1 %[$ z mu* c\rage z on ! field ( battle4 ,!y ask$ :y %e let ! p kiss h] feet & g>m5ts4 ,%e answ]$1 8,! poor p came to me because ,i did !m no wrong1 & help$ !m :5 ,i c\ld40 8,0 x well to attack ,p>is on ,our ,lady's day80 8,x is well to keep ! fe/ivals ( ,our ,lady always40 8,d y\r sa9ts love ! ,engli%80 8,!y love :at ,god loves1 & hate :at he hates40 8,does ,god hate ! ,engli%80 8,z to 8 love or hate = _! s\ls ,i "k no?+2 b ,i "k he w drive !m f ,france40 8,c y tell :e!r y w escape dea?80 8,t ,i leave 9 ,god's h&s40 ,:5 %e w5t to dea?1 h] purity & tru? _h s t\*$ m5's he>ts t a great tide ( remorse & pity began to swell up aga9/ h] p]secutors4 ,a prie/1 :o _h play$ ! "p ( ,judas1 & betray$ h]1 rep5t$ l ,judas1 & flung himself d[n be=e h]1 accus+ himself ( 8 trea*]y4 ,! soldi]s :o /ood by 7 melt$4 ,!y said1 8,we h burn$ a sa9t40 ,! execution] decl>$ t ,god w\ld nev] =give him4 ,f ! day ( h] dea?1 all m5 began to believe 9 h] hol9ess & tru?4 ,come d[n to ! end ( ! same c5tury1 & take ano!r in/ance 9 ,savon>ola1 ! ,flor5t9e fri>--! man :o 0 at once ! patriot1 lead+ ! m9ds ( ! p ( ,flor5ce to republican in/itutions2 ! re=m]1 seek+ to root out ! abuses ( ! ,*ur*2 & ! prophetic tea*]1 prea*]1 religi\s inspir]4 ,he also climb$ to ! height ( 8 glory on 8 fun]al pile4 ,z ,a!ns 0 glorifi$ by ! dea? ( ,socrates1 z ! ,maid ( ,orleans has be5 a vision ( beauty 9 ! squ>e ( ,r\51 s ! place 9 ,flor5ce :]e ,savon>ola 0 murd]$1 9 front ( ! ,palazzo ,vec*io1 is memorable z ! sc5e ( virtue triumph+ ov] its enemies & ov] evil1 :5 x seem$ to be conqu]$4 ,t day1 also1 w nev] be =gott51 :5 he & 8 two companions walk$ ?r\gh ! furi\s rabble to _! dea?1 calm z if to a m>riage fea/4 ,savon>ola 0 s absorb$ 9 ! ?\ght ( ! life to come1 says 8 biograph]1 t he appe>$ already to h left ! e>?4 ,he 0 put to dea? by ! ord] ( ,alex&] ,six?1 ! wor/ pope & wor/ man ( mod]n times2 b 9 tw5ty ye>s ,rafaelle 0 pa9t+ ! monk's portrait on ! walls ( ! ,vatican by ord] ( ano!r pope4 ,s x is t dea? glorifies life4 ,if ,john ,br[n _h escap$ f 8 prison1 & gone to ,canada1 :at w\ld h be5 8 influ5ce8 ,he w\ld only h be5 rememb]$ z a crazy fanatic4 ,b n[ !re rema9s 9 all m9ds ! picture ( ! old man go+ quietly & peacefully to die1 kiss+ ! little negro *ild on ! way1 look+ up at ! surr\nd+ hills1 & admir+ ! beauty ( ! sc5]y4 ,dea? set its seal on 8 life1 & s 8 s\l became ! lead] ( ! armies ( ! ,union1 go+ be=e !m to victory4 ,& h[ mu*1 also1 0 ,abraham ,l9coln glorifi$ by 8 m>tyr dea?6 ,h[ he rose at once into a great figure 9 hi/ory--a monum5tal =m be=e :i* enmity 0 sil5c$6 ,all m5 =got _! ho/ility1 _! criticisms1 _! sne]s--=got t !y _h ev] done any?+ b honor him4 ,! assass91 :o ?\ght to rev5ge ! wrongs ( ! s\!rn slavehold]s on ,l9coln1 gave to him a la/+ ni*e 9 ! temple ( fame4 ,n[1 we are n by any means comp>+ ! "w ( ^! p]sons ) t ( our great ,ma/]1 ,jesus ,*ri/4 ,su* is n our object4 ,we are only po9t+ out ! law by :i* a p]son :o has devot$ himself to a great cause1 :5 he comes to die 9 its s]vice1 gives to t cause an imm5se help1 & seems to sanctify & glorify ! cause & himself4 ,!re is a my/]y ab\t x :i* we d n fully und]/&1--:i* is n acc\nt$ = by say+ t dea? proves a man's s9c]ity1 & makes him a m compet5t witness1 or t dea? conciliates 8 enemies1 & puts an end to p]sonal dislike4 ,no2 !re is some?+ m ?an ?is4 ,:5 m5 live = a cause outside ( !mselves1 :5 !y labor = public objects1 !y are n se5 :ile !y live4 ,^? ^: int]e/s are int]f]$ ) by _! action1 misrepres5t !m1 & surr\nd !m ) a cl\d ( suspicion1 jeal\sy1 & sl&]4 ,:5 !y g to dea? = _! cause1 all ^! sl&]\s voices are hu%$1 & !y em]ge f ?is cl\d ( prejudice1 & are se5 z !y are4 ,!y are glorifi$ !n 9 _! cause1 & _! cause is glorifi$ 9 !m4 ,! cause = :i* ,socrates liv$ 0 ! education ( ! p ( ,a!ns to tru? & ju/ice4 ,all ! ,sophi/s 7 8 enemies4 ,ari/ophanes ridicul$ him z no o!r re=m] has ev] be5 ridicul$1 hold+ him up1 by 8 inimitable wit1 to ! scorn ( ! cr[d$ !atre4 ,:5 he di$1 & di$ 9 ! fai?1 all ?is end$4 ,socrates & 8 great cause ( ju/ice rose at once1 & drew all m5 to !m4 ,s ,savon>ola1 :o liv$ only ) ! purpose ( help+ on ! triumph ( pure religion 9 ! ,*ur*1 & pure lib]ty 9 ! /ate1 0 mock$ & abus$ 9 8 life2 b 8 dea? made him an undy+ p[]1 & be+ dead1 he spoke across ! rapid ye>s to ,m>t9 ,lu!r & ! re=m]s :o came aft]4 ,john ,br[n liv$ & di$ = univ]sal fre$om2 ,abraham ,l9coln liv$ & di$ = ! exi/5ce & deliv]ance ( ! nation4 ,( !m1 exactly z ( ,*ri/1 we may say t :5 !y di$ ! h\r came = !m to be glorifi$4 ,!y di$1 & !y rose aga94 ,! resurrection1 9 ^! in/ances1 came close aft] ! crucifixion2 n se5 9 _! cases1 z is t ( ,jesus1 by ! visible eye1 b ess5tially ! same ?+ inw>dly z 84 ,!y & _! cause w5t up1 in/ead ( go+ d[n1 by _! dea?4 ,:5 !y 7 lift$ up1 !y drew all m5 to !m4 ,9 all su* dea?s1 also1 !re is a c]ta9 aton+1 reconcil+ influ5ce4 ,dea? br+s toge!r1 9 h>mony1 conflict+ int]e/s2 x sil5ces hatr$s1 & breaks d[n _m a p>tition wall ( sep>ation47#ba7 ,! diff]5ce betwe5 ,*ri/'s dea? & all ( ^! is1 t ,*ri/ liv$ & di$ n m]ely = popul> education1 = patriotism1 = philan?ropy1 b to be ! p[] ( ,god = ! salvation ( ! _w2 to f\nd a univ]sal religion ( love to ,god & man2 to reveal ,god z a ,fa!r1 n a ,k+2 to %[ man to man z bro!r4 ,b ! effect ( 8 dea?1 z 9 all ^! o!r cases1 0 simply to glorify 8 life & 8 cause4 ,! same law work$ 9 8 case & 9 !irs1 only on a high] plane1 & = a va/ly great] object4 ,we may obs]ve t mo/ ( ! passages conc]n+ ! effect ( ,*ri/'s dea? are f ! apo/le ,paul4 ,!y are writt5 ?irty ye>s aft] t dea? by "o :o probably _h nev] se5 him1 at lea/ nev] knew him4 ,b ,paul _h se5 ! actual effect ( ! dea? ( ,jesus on ! m9ds & he>ts ( ! p4 ,x 0 a reconcil+ effect2 x did away ) _! hatr$ to 8 religion1 & enabl$ !m to see x1 & be l$ by x to ,god4 ,x made 8^? :o 7 af> (f1 nigh40 ,x made peace betwe5 man & ,god1--betwe5 man & man4 ,:5 ,jesus di$1 m5's eyes seem$ at once to op51 & !y saw = ! fir/ "t ! beauty & hol9ess ( 8 life4 ,8 dea?1 !re=e1 did :at 8 life _h n done4 ,we1 misl$ by a false !ology1 imag9e ,paul to be speak+ ( "s transc5d5tal transaction 9 ! spiritual _w by :i* ! dea? ( ,jesus act$ on ,god's m9d to make him placable2 :]eas1 9 tru?1 he is speak+ ( ! simple hi/oric fact t ! dea? ( ,*ri/ did draw m5 to 8 religion1 & s to ,god2 did1 !re=e1 br+ !m to see ,god's =giv+ love2 did unite !m ) ea* o!r4 ,s ,paul says t he 8is n a%am$ ( ! cross ( ,*ri/10--n a%am$ ( ! fact t ,*ri/ 0 hang$ z a malefactor1 s9ce t v dea? 0 ! p[] ( ,god to br+ man to salvation4 ,x made m5 j1 & k9d1 & true1 & s 0 ! p[] ( ,god4 #ac4 ,dr4 ,bu%nell's ,view ( ! ,atonem5t4 ,9 8 book1 lately publi%$1 ,dr4 ,bu%nell tea*es t ! vic>i\s sacrifice ( ,jesus consi/s 9 8 sympa?y ) s9n]s4 ,he suff]s ) !m & = !m1 z a fri5d suff]s = a fri5d1 or a "m = a *ild1--9 ! same way1 & 9 no exceptional or uncommon way4 ,he did n die (ficially1 b naturally4 ,he did n come "h to die1 b he di$ because he 0 "h4 ,we are p]suad$ t ?is is ! "r view4 ,we are sure t "o day we %all all see t ,*ri/'s suff]+s & dea?1 & _! influ5ce1 are z simple1 z natural1 z :olly 9 accordance ) human nature1 z t ( any o!r sa9t or m>tyr2 t ! diff]5ce is ( degree1 n ( k9d2 & ,*ri/ w g be=e ! _w1 its great ,r$eem] & ,lead]1 all ! m c]ta9ly because "o ( u1--educat$1 z we are1 by trial & sorr[2 tempt$ z we are1 b )\t s92 cry+ out1 z we d1 f ! dep?s ( our despair1 8,my ,god6 :y ha/ ?\ =sak5 me80 & ris+1 z we d1 ?r\gh dea? to a high] life1 ?r\gh sorr[ to a complet] joy1 ?r\gh ! pa9s ( e>? to ! glories ( heav54 8,= x became him = :om are all ?+s1 & by :om are all ?+s1 9 br++ _m sons unto glory1 to make ! ,capta9 ( _! salvation p]fect ?r\gh suff]+2 :]e=e 9 all ?+s x behoov$ him to be made l unto 8 bre?r51 t he might be a m]ciful ,high ,prie/2 = 9 t he himself ha? suff]$1 be+ tempt$1 he is able also to succor ^? :o are tempt$4 ,= we h n a ,high ,prie/ :o _c be t\*$ ) ! feel+ ( our infirmities1 ,,b ,,0 ,,9 ,,all ,,po9ts ,,tempt$ ,,z ,,we ,,are1 yet )\t s92 :o c h compassion on ! ignorant1 z he also himself is compass$ ) infirmity1 & ?\gh a ,son1 yet le>n$ ob$i5ce by ! ?+s he suff]$40 #ad4 ,results ( ?is ,discussion4 ,! ,or?odox doctr9e ( ! atonem5t conta9s a fact & a !ory :i* ought to be c>efully discrim9at$4 ,! fact ass]t$ by ,or?odoxy is1 t ,jesus ,*ri/ has done some?+ by means ( :i* we obta9 ,god's =giv5ess = our s9s4 ,! !ory attempts to expla9 :at is ! difficulty 9 ! way ( our =giv5ess1 & h[ ,*ri/ removes x4 ,?us ,or?odoxy attempts to answ] ?ree que/ions3 8,:at80 8,:y80 & 8,h[80 ,! fir/ ( ^! reg>ds ! fact4 8,:at has ,*ri/ done80 ,& ! answ] is1 t he has br\ght to man =giv5ess ( s94 ,! second & ?ird que/ions reg>d ! !ory4 8,:y 0 x necess>y = ,*ri/ to d & suff] :at he did80 &1 8,h[ did he accompli% 8 "w80 ,n[1 z conc]ns ! matt] ( fact1 ,or?odoxy is 9 full accordance ) ! ,scriptures1 :i* ev]y:]e tea* t ?r\gh ,*ri/ we h r$emption1 ?r\gh 8 blood1 ev5 ! =giv5ess ( our s9s4 ,b ! ,scriptures are p]fectly sil5t conc]n+ ! !ory4 ,!y d n tell u :y x 0 necess>y = ,jesus to die1 nor h[ 8 dea? procur$ =giv5ess4 ,! only exception is1 z we h se51 9 ! /atem5t1 9 ! ,epi/le to ! ,hebrews1 t ! suff]+s ( ,*ri/ 7 necess>y to make him p]fect1 & to enable him to be t\*$ ) a feel+ ( our infirmities4 ,( ! ?ree !ories :i* 9 turn h be5 reg>d$ z ,or?odox 9 ! ,*ur*1 two h completely brok5 d[n1 & ! ?ird re/s on su* an insecure f\ndation t we may be v sure t x w foll[ ! o!rs z soon z any bett] "o comes to take its place4 ,! w>like !ory & ! legal !ory ( ! atonem5t h gone to _! place1 & are no m believ$ by m54 ,! gov]nm5tal !ory mu/ soon foll[4 ,nev]!less1 9 ea* ( ^! ?ree !ories !re is "o con/ant elem5t4 ,& x is due to ,or?odoxy to /ate x4 ,?is elem5t is1 t ! necessity ( ! dea? ( ,*ri/ lay 9 ! div9e attribute ( ju/ice4 ,accord+ to ! fir/ !ory1 ,*ri/ di$ to satisfy :at 0 due by ,god to ! ,devil2 accord+ to ! second1 he di$ to satisfy :at 0 due by ,god to himself2 accord+ to ! ?ird1 he di$ to satisfy :at 0 due by ,god to ! moral univ]se4 ,div9e ju/ice1 9 ! fir/ !ory1 ow$ a ransom to ! ,devil1 :i* ,*ri/ paid2 9 ! second1 x ow$ a debt to ! div9e honor1 :i* ,*ri/ paid2 9 ! ?ird1 x ow$ protection to ! univ]se f ! dang] ( evil example4 ,! difficulty to be remov$ be=e ,god c =give s91 lay1 accord+ to all ( ^! !ories1 9 ! div9e ju/ice4 ,*ri/ di$ to reconcile ju/ice & m]cy1 s z to make ju/ice m]ciful1 & m]cy j4 ,b1 9 opposition to ?is view1 ! ,unit>ian argum5t is s =midable z to seem q unansw]able4 ,on gr\nds ( reason1 ! ,unit>ian ma9ta9s t !re c be no su* conflict among ! div9e attributes1 wait+ till an ev5t %\ld occur 9 human hi/ory by :i* !y %\ld be reconcil$4 ,t ,god's ju/ice & m]cy %\ld h be5 9 a /ate ( antagonism d[n to ,a4,m4 #djcd1 :5 ,jesus di$1 is an incr$ible supposition4 ,no ev5t tak+ place 9 "t & space c be ! condition s9e qu non ( div9e p]fection4 ,& any /ruggle or conflict l t suppos$ implies imp]fection4 ,moreov]1 ! ,unit>ian truly ma9ta9s t ! ,or?odox !ory t m5 _c be =giv5 on ! simple condition ( rep5tance1 is :olly unscriptural4 ,! ,scriptures pla9ly tea* t =giv5ess foll[s rep5tance4 ,9 ! classic passage ( ! ,old ,te/am5t 7,ezek4 #ah3bj-cb71 ! ,jews 7 taught1 unequivocally1 t ! dea? :i* is ! wages ( s91 is always remov$ by ! simple act ( rep5tance4 ,if ! mod]n doctr9e ( ,or?odoxy be true1 t 9 ord] to be sav$ x is necess>y n only to rep5t1 b also to believe 9 ! aton+ sacrifice1 ! ,jews 7 fatally misl$ by ?is tea*+ ( ! prophet4 ,& s 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t1 ! p>able ( ! prodigal son tea*es u pla9ly t :5 we rep5t & return to ,god1 we %all be receiv$1 & t )\t any ref]5ce to belief 9 ! atonem5t4 ,moreov]1 ! ,unit>ians are fully ju/ifi$ 9 say+ t ! ,new ,te/am5t n[h]e ass]ts t ! prim>y & imm$iate influ5ce ( ! dea? ( ,jesus is ^u ! div9e attributes4 ,9 e in/ance ,*ri/ is said to reconcile u to ,god1 nev] to reconcile ,god to u4 7,see ,rom4 #e3aj1 #aa2 #aa3ae4 #b ,cor4 #e3ah1 #ai1 #bj4 ,eph4 #b3ac1 #af4 ,coloss4 #a3bj1 #ba4 #a ,pet] #c3ah47 ,x is we 8:o 7 af> (f1 & h be5 made nigh1 by ! blood ( ,*ri/40 ,x is we1 8:o1 :5 we 7 enemies1 7 reconcil$ to ,god by ! dea? ( 8 ,son20 n ,god1 :o 0 af> (f1 :o has be5 br\ght nigh to u2 n ,god1 :o has be5 reconcil$ to u4 ,x is 8we1 :o h receiv$ ! atonem5t40 ,*ri/ has suff]$ = s9s1 8to br+ u to ,god10 n to br+ ,god to u4 ,all ?is is pla91 positive1 & unequivocal4 ,& yet1 not)/&+ t ! ,old & ,new ,te/am5ts decl>e ! =giv5ess ( s9 to ! p5it5t1 we nev]!less f9d a difficulty 9 believ+ x4 ,x seems z if ,god ought n to =give u our s9s on s simple a condition4 ,& x is on ?is v feel+ t ! :ole ,or?odox !ory ( ! atonem5t re/s4 ,! explanation ( ?is is1 t man is oblig$ to und]/& ,god by himself4 ,s9ce man 0 made 9 ! image ( ,god1 he c "k ,god only by und]/&+ ! moral & spiritual laws ( 8 own s\l4 ,n[1 9 himself1 he f9ds ! con/ant antagonism ( tru? & love1 ju/ice & m]cy1 consci5ce & desire4 ,f ?is ess5tial orig9al antagonism ( tru? & love spr+ all ! moral conflicts :i* make cases ( consci5ce4 ,:5ev] we see be=e u a divid$ duty1 on be+ analyz$1 x resolves itself into ?is conflict betwe5 tru? & love4 ,we naturally1 & almo/ necess>ily1 transf] ?is same conflict to ! m9d ( ,god4 ,:5ev] we wi% to =give an (f5d]1 b feel z if we ought n to d s1 we tea* ourselves to reg>d ,god z feel+ ! same difficulty4 ,consci5ce tells u t we are n fit to be =giv51 t x w\ld be wrong = ,god to =give u4 ,or?odoxy plants itself on ?is in/9ct1 & elaborates its v>i\s !ories1 :i* m5 accept = a "t z a suffici5t explanation ( _! difficulty1 & !n reject :5 _! inconsi/5cies appe>4 ,! deep-ly+ difficulty is ! s5se ( our want ( hol9ess1 & ! in/9ctive feel+ ( ! et]nal mutual repulsion ( good & evil4 ,s9ce ,god is good1 & we are evil1 h[ c he =give u8 ,if =giv5ess m]ely meant ! remitt+ ( p5alty1 x might be done aft] suffici5t expiation4 ,if =giv5ess meant lay+ aside ( ang]1 we c well believe t ,god _c reta9 wra? aga9/ 8 *ildr54 ,b =giv5ess means communion1 ! mutual love ( fa!r & *ild1 ! be+ always 9 ! pres5ce ( ,god4 ,& = ?is1 ev5 aft] we h rep5t$1 & are endeavor+ to d "r1 we d n feel ourselves qualifi$4 ,?is is ! real difficulty4 ,*ri/ did n die to pay a debt to ,god1 or to appease 8 wra?1 b 8to br+ u to ,god10 & to put ! ,_s into our he>t by :i* we c say1 8,abba1 ,fa!r60 ,! atonem5t is made to ! div9e ju/ice--b n to di/ributive ju/ice1 :i* rew>ds & puni%es1 b to div9e ju/ice 9 its highe/ =m1 z hol9ess4 ,& ?is consi/s 9 mak+ u fit to appe> be=e ,god1 not)/&+ our s9fulness1 because we h receiv$ a pr9ciple ( hol9ess :i* w ultimately ca/ out all our s94 ,:5 we h fai? 9 ,*ri/1 we h ,*ri/ =m$ )9 u1 ! hope ( glory4 ,god1 look+ on u1 sees u n z we are n[1 b z we %all be :5 we are *ang$ into t same image f glory to great] glory4 ,?is sugge/s ! !ory :i* may replace ! re/1 & reconcile all ^? :o believe 9 ,*ri/ z ! ,savi\r & ,r$eem] ( m54 ,*ri/ saves u by p\r+ into u 8 own life1 :i* is love4 ,:5 ,*ri/ian love is =m$ )9 u1 x has kill$ ! roots ( s9 9 ! s\l1 & fitt$ u to be =giv51 & to ent] ! pres5ce ( ,god4 ,9 conclusion1 we may say t ,or?odoxy is "r 9 ma9ta9+ t ,jesus has by 8 suff]+s & dea? br\ght =giv5ess to mank9d--n by propitiat+ ,god or appeas+ 8 ang]1 n by pay+ our debt or remov+ a difficulty 9 ! div9e m9d1 b by help+ u to see t ! love ( ,god is able to lift u out ( our s91 & pres5t u spotless 9 ! pres5ce ( 8 glory ) exce$+ joy4 ,! way 9 :i* 8 dea? produces ?is result is ! sympa?y ) human s9fulness & sorr[1 :i* f9ds 9 x its highe/ expression4 ,^? :om m5 _c =give1 & :o _c =give !mselves1 see t ,god1 speak+ ?r\gh ! suff]+s ( ,jesus1 is able to =give !m4 ,s ! love ( ,god br+s !m to rep5tance1 & ^? :o 7 af> (f are made nigh by ! blood ( ,*ri/4 ,,*apt] ,,xi4 ,,call+1 ,,election1 ,,& ,,reprobation4 #a4 ,or?odox ,doctr9e4 ,! ,assembly's ,cate*ism1 ) its usual frankness1 /ates ?is doctr9e ?us3--7*ap4 #c74 ,i4 8,god1 f all et]nity1 did1 by ! mo/ wise & holy c\nsel ( 8 own w1 freely & un*angeably orda9 :atsoev] come? to pass1 yet s t nei!r is ,god ! au?or ( s91 nor is viol5ce (f]$ to ! w ( ! creatures1 nor is ! lib]ty or cont+5cy ( second causes tak5 away1 b r e/abli%$4 ,,ii4 8,al?\gh ,god kn[s :atsoev] may or c come to pass ^u all suppos$ conditions1 yet ha? he n decre$ any?+ because he =esaw x z future1 or z t :i* w\ld come to pass ^u su* conditions4 ,,iii4 8,by ! decree ( ,god1 = ! manife/ation ( 8 glory1 "s m5 & angels are pr$e/9at$ unto ev]la/+ life1 & o!rs =eorda9$ to ev]la/+ dea?4 ,,iv4 8,^! angels & m51 ?us pr$e/9at$ & =eorda9$1 are p>ticul>ly & un*angeably design$1 & _! numb] is s c]ta9 & def9ite1 t x _c be ei!r increas$ or dim9i%$4 ,v4 8,^? ( mank9d t are pr$e/9at$ unto life1 ,god1 be=e ! f\ndation ( ! _w 0 laid1 accord+ to 8 et]nal & immutable purpose1 & ! secret c\nsel & good pleasure ( 8 w1 ha? *os5 9 ,*ri/ unto ev]la/+ glory1 out ( 8 m]e free grace & love1 )\t any =esight ( fai? or good works1 or p]sev]ance 9 ei!r ( !m1 or any o!r ?+ 9 ! creature1 z conditions or causes mov+ him !reunto1 & all to ! praise ( 8 glori\s grace4 ,,vi4 8,z ,god ha? appo9t$ ! elect unto glory1 s ha? he1 by ! et]nal & mo/ free purpose ( 8 w1 =eorda9$ all ! means !reunto4 ,:]e=e !y :o are elect$1 be+ fall5 9 ,adam1 are r$eem$ by ,*ri/2 are effectually call$ unto fai? 9 ,*ri/1 by 8 ,_s work+ 9 due season2 are ju/ifi$1 adopt$1 sanctifi$1 & kept by 8 p[] ?r\gh fai? unto salvation4 ,nei!r are any o!r r$eem$ by ,*ri/1 effectually call$1 ju/ifi$1 adopt$1 sanctifi$1 & sav$1 b ! elect only4 ,,vii4 8,! re/ ( mank9d ,god 0 pleas$1 accord+ to ! unse>*able c\nsel ( 8 own w1 :]eby he ext5de? or )holde? m]cy z he please?1 = ! glory ( 8 sov]eign p[] ov] 8 creatures1 to pass by1 & to orda9 !m to di%onor & wra? = _! s91 to ! praise ( 8 glori\s ju/ice40 ,?is /atem5t is conta9$ 9 ! cre$ ( m ?an ?ree ?\s& *ur*es 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,s f> z x is believ$ by ^? :o pr(ess x1 x conveys ! idea ( a ,god :o is pure w--a ,god1 9 %ort1 :o does z he pleases1 sav+ "s ( 8 creatures & damn+ o!rs1 )\t reason or ju/ice4 ,he does n rew>d virtue nor puni% s91 b scatt]s ! joys ( heav5 & ! torm5ts ( hell out ( a m]e caprice1 z an ,ea/]n despot gives a man a purse ( gold1 or inflicts ! ba/9ado1 )\t reason1 simply to gratify 8 s5se ( p[]4 ,! ess5tial "* ( su* a ,be+ is arbitr>y w1 & ?is cre$ ( ,calv9ism places an inf9ite caprice on ! ?rone ( ! univ]se1 in/ead ( ! ,be+ :om ! ,gospels call 8,our ,fa!r40 ,let u see h[ f> ?is view ( ,god is mitigat$ by mod]n explanations4 ,! ,old ,s*ool ,presbyt]ianism1 or ,pr9ceton ,or?odoxy1 accepts x 9 its entir5ess4 ,!y simply d5y ! consequ5ces suppos$ to be drawn f x4 ,!y d5y t x makes ,god ! au?or ( s91 or t s9ful dispositions are creat$ by ,god4 ,!y d5y t ?is doctr9e int]f]es ) fre$om ( w 9 man4 ,b !y are oblig$ to admit t1 accord+ to _! cre$1 ,god decrees ?+s :i* he =bids2 =1 8inasmu* z _m ?+s occur contr>y to 8 comm&s1 :ile yet he =eorda9s all ?+s1 x mu/ be t 9 ^! cases he purposes "o ?+ & comm&s ano!r407#bb7 ,9 o!r words1 ,god s5ds 8 prophets1 & apo/les1 & ,son1 to comm& m5 to d ju/ly & love m]cy1 :5 he has already det]m9$ t !y %all commit s94 ,?is s*ool rejects ! ,arm9ian doctr9e t ,god's decree is f\nd$ on 8 =ekn[l$ge1 & ass]ts t 8 =ekn[l$ge is bas$ on 8 decree4 ,! ,old ,s*ool 9 ,new ,engl& d n g q s f> z ,pr9ceton4 ,!y say1 decid$ly1 t ,god =eorda9s s9 only by p]mitt+ x4 ,/ill1 !y reject1 z /\tly z _! /]n] confrres1 ! ,arm9ian view1 & insi/ t ,god's decrees are n bas$ on 8 =ekn[l$ge47#bc7 ,accord+ to ,dr4 ,duffield1 ( ,detroit1 ! ,new ,s*ool ,presbyt]ians escape ! p9* ( ?is conflict by tak+ refuge 9 _! ignorance4 ,!y are n 8,ultra-,calv9i/s10 & !y are n 8,arm9ians10 & especially !y 8d n wi% to be wise above :at is writt5407#bd7 ,dr4 ,d4 ass]ts t ! ,old ,s*ool makes ! decree 9 election to be :olly arbitr>y1 :ile ! ,new ,s*ool believes t x has a reason1 ?\gh "o :olly unkn[n4 ,b ! ,hopk9sians7#be7 say t 8! sov]eignty ( ,god belongs to him z ! ,supreme ,dispos]1 & consi/s 9 8 p]fect "r & p]fect ability to d u he pleases40 ,( c\rse1 hav+ made ! w ( ,god :olly arbitr>y1 !y proce$ to d5y t x is arbitr>y1 or t wilfulness 9 ,god c possibly be wilful4 ,b all ?is is us+ 8words ( w9d = ! ,almighty10 & 8accept+ 8 p]son40 ,me?odism1 on ! contr>y1 d5ies t ,god =eorda9s :atsoev] comes to pass1 hold+ =eord9ation to be a causative act47#bf7 ,x also d5ies t man is guilty = inh]it$ s91 or is any way responsible = 8 deprav$ nature4 ,he only becomes responsible :5 he beg9s to act freely4 ,he may suff] = inh]it$ evil1 b _c ju/ly be puni%$ = x4 ,?us ,me?odism avoids ! rude inju/ice ( ! ,calv9i/ic sy/em4 ,& yet1 z ,s*lei]ma*] has %[n17#bg7 if x accepts total depravity1 x mu/ also consi/5tly accept ! ,calv9i/ic doctr9e ( election4 ,= if man is totally deprav$1 he _c take a s+le /ep t[>ds 8 own salvation4 ,god mu/1 9 e case1 take ! initiative1 & beg9 ! conv]sion ( ea* man :o is conv]t$4 ,!re=e1 if we ask :y "o man is conv]t$1 & ano!r n1 ! only answ] possible is ?is--t ,god *ose to conv]t "o1 & n ! o!r4 ,s*lei]ma*] accepts & def5ds ! doctr9e ( election1 b by connect+ x ) t ( univ]sal re/oration1 :i* r$uces x to ! /atem5t t ,god saves all1 b 9 a c]ta9 ord]1 :i* ord] is det]m9$ by himself1 )\t reg>d to any =esight ( m]it or dem]it 9 man4 #b4 ,scripture ,basis = ?is ,doctr9e4 ,! pr9cipal passages reli$ ^u = ! doctr9e ( absolute decrees are f\nd 9 ,rom4 #h3cj1 & #i3h-bd4 ,9 ^! passages1 ,paul is1 no d\bt1 speak+ ( an unconditional election4 ,9 ! fir/1 he decl>es t ! gift ( ,*ri/ianity to ^? :o receiv$ x 0 no accid5t4 ,god _h kn[n !m long ago z individuals1 kn[n !m be=e !y 7 born1 kn[n ! "* !y 7 to h4 ,he _h =eorda9$ !m to become ,*ri/ians1 to be made into ! lik5ess ( ,*ri/4 ,he _h call$ !m to be ,*ri/ians by 8 provid5ce2 he _h =giv5 !m _! s9s2 he _h glorifi$ !m1 fill+ !m ) ! glory ( ! new life ( fai? & love4 ,9 ! o!r passage1 ,paul %[s ! ,jews t ,god selects races & families1 n accord+ to any m]it ( !irs1 b = reasons ( 8 own1 to d 8 "w4 ,i%mael z well z ,isaac 0 a *ild ( ,abraham1 b ,isaac 0 select$4 ,esau z well z ,jacob 0 a *ild ( ,isaac1 b ,jacob 0 select$4 ,x is no m]it ( ! man :i* causes him to be *os51 no fault :i* causes him to be reject$1 b t "o is made = ! "w1 & ! o!r n4 ,"o is influ5c$ to obey & s]ve2 "o is all[$ to resi/ ,god's w2 & yet bo? ( !m--he :o obeys & he :o resi/s--s]ve ! div9e purpose4 ,! ,jewi% ,*ri/ians1 !re=e1 may believe t _! nation1 9 resi/+ ,*ri/1 is bl9dly s]v+ ! provid5tial designs ( ,god1 & mak+ way = ! ,g5tiles to come 92 & !n1 ! ,g5tiles1 9 turn1 w help !m to come 91 8& s all ,israel %all be sav$40 ,b 9 nei!r ( ^! passages is any ref]5ce to f9al salvation or damnation4 ,all t is spok5 ( is ! pr$e/9$ & div9ely arrang$ ord]1 ! provid5tial me?od1 9 :i* gifts are be/[$ & opportunities (f]$4 ,9 fact1 9 ,rom4 #aa3bh1 election is =mally oppos$ to ! gospel4 ,z reg>ds ! ,,gospel1 or ! reception ( ,*ri/ianity1 ! ,jews are enemies2 t is1 are left out ( ! circle ( ,god's gifts1 9 ord] t ! ,g5tiles may come 94 ,b z reg>ds ! ,,election1 !y are /ill ! *os5 p1 inh]it+ all ! qualities1 p[]s1 position1 :i* _! fa!rs _h be=e !m1 s9ce ,god nev] takes back 8 gifts47#bh7 ,s also 9 ,ephesians #a3e1 #aa1 ,paul says t we1 ,*ri/ians1 h be5 *os5 9 ,*ri/ be=e ! f\ndation ( ! _w1 & pr$e/9$ to be adopt$ z *ildr51 & obta9$ an inh]itance 9 ,*ri/ianity4 ,b nei!r "h is any?+ int5d$ conc]n+ f9al salvation4 ,x all ref]s to _! hav+ receiv$ ! gift ( ,*ri/ian fai?1 9 ! plan ( ,god1 by a wise provid5ce ( 81 & n by accid5t4 ,s also1 9 ,timo?y 7#b ,tim4 #a3i71 ,paul says t ,god ha? sav$ u out ( ! _w1 & call$ u to be ,*ri/ians1 n because ( any m]it ( ours1 b simply accord+ to a graci\s purpose :i* he always _h1 t ! ,g5tiles %\ld come into 8 k+dom ) ! ,jews4 ,9 none ( ^! passages is any f9al doom or de/9y h]eaft] int5d$3 all ( !m ref] to ! gift ( ,*ri/ianity 9 ?is _w4 ,! apo/le s(t5s ! exultation ( ! ,g5tiles1 & consoles ! sorr[ ( ! ,jewi% ,*ri/ians1 by tell+ !m t ! acceptance ( ! ,g5tiles & rejection ( ! majority ( ! ,jews is "p ( a great plan ( ,provid5ce1 :i* w f9ally r$\nd to ! good ( bo?4 #c4 ,relation ( ! ,div9e ,decree to ,human ,fre$om4 ,9 ord] t ,god %all be ! ,rul] ( ! _w1 & its provid5ce1 he mu/ "k ! c\rse ( ev5ts1 & det]m9e !m4 ,9 ord] t man %all be responsible1 & a moral be+1 he mu/ be free to *oose1 at e mom5t1 betwe5 "r & wrong1 good & evil4 ,9 "p ( 8 nature & life1 man is a creature ( de/9y2 9 "p1 he is ! creator ( de/9y4 ,e man's "* is ! result ( ?ree factors--organization1 education1 & fre$om4 ,! "* he has n[ has come to him1 p>tly f ! organization ) :i* he 0 born1 p>tly f ! influ5ces by :i* he has be5 educat$1 & p>tly f :at he has done or omitt$ to d at e mom5t ( 8 life4 ,n[1 ! two fir/ ( ^! factors are out ( 8 p[]4 ,a man born 9 ,africa1 or desc5d$ f ,*9ese p>5ts1 _c1 by any *oice or ef=t1 become :at a man born ( ,fr5* or ,g]man p>5ts may become4 ,a man born among ! ,turks or ,arabs1 & educat$ by ! circum/ances surr\nd+ him !re1 mu/ be a :olly diff]5t man f "o born 9 ,new ,engl&4 ,man's fre$om1 !re=e1 may be lik5$ to ! p[] ( ! helmsman to direct a vessel4 ,he _c det]m9e :at sort ( a vessel he %all be 91 nor :at sort ( wea!r or curr5ts %all come3 all he c d at any mom5t is to /e] x to ! "r or left4 ,if1 n[1 9 /e]+1 he guides himself by a compass turn+ to a fix$ po9t1 & by a *>t giv+ ! true position ( cont95ts & isl&s1 !n ?is p[] enables him1 9 spite ( /orms & calms1 to take ! vessel r\nd ! _w1 to ! h>bor he seeks4 ,b if he has no *>t & compass1 b /e]s z he *ooses f mom5t to mom5t1 he goes n[h]e4 ,8 vessel w !n drift be=e ! /eady w9ds & con/ant curr5ts4 ,s is human fre$om a great p[] :5 x guides itself by et]nal tru?s & fix$ laws4 ,b if x does n1 !n x is n fre$om1 b only wilfulness1 & x accompli%es no?+4 ,man's fre$om is ?us surr\nd$ by div9e provid5ce4 ,god det]m9es ! orig9al organization ( e human be+2 ,god det]m9es ! circum/ances :i* educate him2 & ,god has fix$ ! laws by :i* he mu/ guide himself 9 ord] to become really free4 ,he _c !re=e resi/ ! div9e w1 except tempor>ily4 ,he c po/pone ! "t :5 ,god's k+dom %all come1 & 8 w be done2 b t is all4 #d4 ,hi/ory ( ! ,doctr9e ( ,election & ,pr$e/9ation4 ,be=e ,augu/9e1 all ! ,greek & ,lat9 ,fa!rs ( ! ,*ur* taught ! concurr5ce ( free w & grace 9 human conv]sion4 ,!y taught t man mu/ beg9 ! "w1 & t ,god w\ld aid him4 ,god & man mu/ "w toge!r4 ,!n came ! controv]sy betwe5 ,augu/9e & ,pelagius4 ,! latt]1 be+ at ,rome1 he>d ?is s5t5ce read f ! writ+s ( ! =m]3 8,da quod jubes1 et jube quod vis0--,give :at ?\ comm&e/1 & comm& :at ?\ wille/4 ,pelagius object$ to ?is =mula4 ,he said1 8,s9ce man ought to be )\t s91 he c be )\t s940 8,!re is10 said he1 89 man1 a #8,c ,d1' a #8,w ,d1' & a #8,d4' 0 ,! fir/ is f ,god2 9 ! o!rs ,god & man unite4 ,augu/9e object$ t ,god work$ 9 u bo? to w & to d4 ,he _h fir/ taught t ,god s5ds motives :i* we c obey or resi/2 b he saw t if ,god works 9 u to w1 he mu/ also conqu] our resi/ance1 & "w ! p[] by :i* we cons5t4 ,b to ?is ,pelagius repli$1 8,!n !re is no fre$om 9 man40 ,augu/9e answ]$1 8,god does n move u z we move a /one1 b rationally2 he makes u w :at is good1 & does n =ce u aga9/ our w4 ,he frees ! w f its proclivity to evil1 by #8prep>+ grace1' & det]m9es x to good by #8effect+ grace4' ,t "s d n yield to ?is1 is n because ( _! great] resi/ance1 b because ,god does n *oose to conqu] _! resi/ance40 ,?is is ! po9t :]e grace passes into pr$e/9ation4 ,! ,old ,*ur* _h ma9ta9$ t ,god pr$e/9$ to life ^? :om he =esaw w\ld rep5t & obey him4 ,8 =ekn[l$ge did n cause ?is to happ51 b he =eknew x because x w\ld happ54 ,x did n take place because he =esaw x1 b he =esaw x because x w\ld take place4 ,election1 accord+ to ! e>ly ,fa!rs1 0 no?+ arbitr>y4 ,x dep5d$ on man to be sav$ or lo/4 ,s taught ,ju/9 ,m>tyr1 ,orig51 ,basil1 ,hil>y4 ,basil said1 8,god h>d5$ ,ph>aoh's he>t by 8 judgm5ts1 :i* 7 s5t to %[ h[ h>d x 01 because he saw he w\ld n rep5t40 ,orig5 adds1 8,l a wise physician1 ,god did n cure ,ph>aoh too soon1 = fe> ( a relapse4 ,he let him dr9k ! cup ( s9 to ! bottom 9 ?is life1 s z to cure him m ?or\ghly h]eaft]40 ,pelagius 7& ,augu/9e at fir/7 took ! same view4 ,!y said t ,god =esees & p]mits evil1 & decrees ! consequ5ce ( x4 ,augu/9e said1 8,god has *os5 "s m5 9 ,*ri/1 n because he =esaw !y w\ld be good1 b because he det]m9$ to make !m s40 ,! reason ( ?is *oice1 !re=e1 lay n 9 man1 b 9 ,god's arbitr>y w4 ,pelagius said1 8,?is is fatalism1 "u ! "n ( grace1 & is say+ t ,god accepts ! p]sons ( m540 ,augu/9e answ]$1 8,all m5 9 ,adam are 9 ru94 ,god saves "s ( !m4 ,if he let all die1 we c\ld n blame him3 h[ mu* less = sav+ "s60 ,b :y does he n save all8 ,! answ] is1-- ,because ! elect see 9 ! fate ( ! non-elect :at !y h escap$1 & ,god's ju/ice is reveal$ ) 8 goodness4 ,none ( ! elect p]i%1 ?\gh !y may die unbaptiz$1 & be ev] s bad 9 _! lives2 b !y w be all conv]t$ be=e !y die4 ,! non-elect may be (t5 bett] m5 ?an ! elect2 b !y w n be sav$4 ,! only place :]e ,augu/9e all[s fre$om is 9 ,adam1 :o might h turn$ ei!r way4 ,semi-,pelagianism consi/s ess5tially 9 say+1 8,man beg9s ! "w2 ,god aids him40 ,augu/9e's view 0 c>ri$ out aft]w>ds ?us3 8,if ,god does all1 x is no use to prea*1 exhort1 or read ,scripture1 or use any means ( grace40 ,augu/9e _h said t reprobation 0 n a decree to s91 b to puni%m5t4 ,b ,gotts*alk1 8 foll[]1 said x 0 a decree to s94 ,! ,*ur* reject$ ?is /atem5t1 & s(t5$ ! doctr9e4 ,?omas ,aqu9as reviv$ x aga94 ,lu!r & ,calv9 bo? ma9ta9$ t !re is no good 9 man aft] ! fall4 ,flacius said t orig9al s9 is ! sub/ance ( human nature1 & human nature n[ be>s ! image ( ! devil4 ,lu!r made fre$om ( ! w to consi/ 9 do+ evil ) pleasure1 & n by con/ra9t4 ,calv9 d5i$ t !re is any free w4 8,:y give x su* a l(ty title80 he said4 ,he seem$ to ?9k t all ! p[] left to m5 is s mu* tak5 f ,god4 ,:5 ,god says1 8,d ?is & live10 x is1 says ,lu!r1 m]ely irony on 8 "p1 z ?\gh he _h said1 8,see if y c d x6 ,try x40 ,lu!r actually taught t ,god's w 9 reveal$ ,scripture 01 t all %\ld be sav$1 b 8 real & secret w 01 t n all %\ld be sav$4 ,melanc?on said1 8,man has no p[] by himself to d "r2 b :5 grace is (f]$1 he c receive x or reject x40 ,calv9 w5t beyond ,augu/9e4 ,he taught t1-- #a4 ,! decree ( pr$e/9ation 0 n m]ely a decree to puni%m5t1 b to s94 ,he rejects ) scorn ! di/9ction betwe5 p]mitt+ & caus+1 betwe5 =ekn[l$ge & pr$e/9ation4 ,he says x is improp] to h ,god's decree wait+ on m5's *oice4 #b4 ,he taught t ,adam's s9 0 decre$ by ,god4 ,! ,infralaps>ian taught t ,god =esaw t ,adam w\ld s91 & s decre$ "s m5 to life1 & o!rs to dea?4 ,! ,supralaps>ian taught t ,god det]m9$ to reveal 8 maje/y1 & m]cy1 & ju/ice4 ,he creat$ m51 & made !m mis]able to %[ 8 m]cy1 & made !m s9ful to %[ 8 ju/ice4 #c4 ,if m5 compla9 t ,god has s creat$ !m1 ,calv9 answ]s1 ,god has ! same "r t ! pott] has ov] ! clay4 ,if !y compla9 t ,god has *os5 "s1 & n o!rs1 to life1 he replies1 t s ox51 horses1 & %eep might compla9 t !y 7 n m54 #d4 ,god causes ! s9 :i* he =bids4 ,?is is n a contradiction 9 him1 = 8 nature is diff]5t f ours4 ,god creat$ all = 8 own glory1 & s9n]s to glorify 8 ju/ice4 ,f9ally1 ,calv9 himself admits t ?is is 8a horrible decree40 #e4 ,election is to ,"w & ,opportunity "h1 n to ,heav5 h]eaft]4 ,h[ ,jacob 0 elect$1 & h[ ! ,jews 7 a ,*os5 ,p4 ,?is r$uctio ad absurdum disproves ! common idea ( election4 ,if a man 7 elect$ by ,god to heav51 & s c\ld n help go+ to heav51 x w\ld n be wor? 8 :ile to give dilig5ce to make 8 call+ & election sure4 ,x is sure already1 )\t any dilig5ce4 ,! common ,or?odox idea ( election is1 !re=e1 a false "o4 ,god does n elect1 or *oose u1 = passive enjoym5t1 b = active duty4 ,he elects u to opportunities4 ,he elects1 or1 z we may say1 selects1 u = c]ta9 special "w1 gives u c]ta9 special privileges1 & holds u to an acc\ntability = ! use ( !m4 ,9 ! p>able ( ! tal5ts1 ,god elect$1 or select$1 "o man to ! possession ( five tal5ts1 ano!r to ! possession ( two1 & ano!r "o4 ,ea* 0 elect$2 b ea* 0 elect$ to opportunities1 & ea* to a diff]5t opportunity2 b !y all _h to give dilig5ce to make _! call+ & election sure4 ,! ^w 8elect0 0 fir/ appli$ to ! ,jews4 ,!y 7 an elect or *os5 p4 ,!y 7 select$ f among all nations = a great duty & opportunity4 ,!y 7 taught ! unity ( ,god & 8 hol9ess4 ,!y 7 a city set on a hill1 a light %9+ 9 ! d>kness ( ! _w1 to proclaim ^! tru?s4 ,t 0 _! opportunity4 ,x 0 n happ9ess1 or heav51 or ev5 goodness1 t !y 7 *os5 =1 b ,,"w4 ,z long z !y cont9u$ to d ?is "w1 !y cont9u$ to be ,god's *os5 or select$ p4 ,b :5 !y h>d5$ into ! bigotry ( ,ph>iseeism1 & froze into ! scepticism ( ,sadduceeism1 :5 !y ceas$ to d ! "w1 !n !y ceas$ to be ! elect p4 ,:ile !y 7 dilig5t to make _! election sure1 !y 7 ! elect1 b no long]4 ,god select$ ,jacob & reject$ ,esau4 8,jacob h ,i lov$1 & ,esau h ,i hat$40 ,b h[ did ,god love ,jacob8 ,he lov$ him by giv+ him opportunity4 ,& :y8 ,n because he 0 bett] ?an ,esau1 b because he 0 diff]5t4 ,jacob 0 select$ to be fa!r ( ! *os5 p because he _h ! qualities requir$ = 8 "w4 ,esau 0 wild1 reckless1 m>tial4 ,jacob 0 indu/ri\s1 money-mak+1 fond ( small trade2 pa/oral1 r ?an w>like2 t5aci\s ( 8 ideas ev5 to ob/9acy4 ,^! 7 ! qualities requir$ 9 a p :o 7 s few t if !y _h be5 w>like !y w\ld h be5 swept f ! e>?4 ,!y nev] f\ght = ! pleasure ( fight+1 b only :5 !y c\ld n help x1 or :5 a political necessity compell$ x4 ,?\gh surr\nd$ by nations mu* m p[]ful ?an !mselves1--! ,assyrians on ! nor?-ea/ at ,n9eveh1 ! ,egyptians on ! s\?-we/1 ! ,babylonians on ! ea/1 ! ,tyrians on ! we/1 & ! ,greeks on ! nor?-we/1--!y saw ! fall ( all ^! great nations & empires1 b !y cont9u$4 ,_m waves ( w> swept ov] _! ,syrian hills1 & left !m /ill !re1 peaceful1 indu/ri\s1 wor%ipp+ ,jehovah 9 _! sacr$ city1 (f]+ no motive = conque/1 too poor to tempt invasion1 too f> f ! sea to gr[ ri* by comm]ce1 l ! ,phnicians4 ,_! obscurity1 pov]ty1 & unh]oic qualities 7 _! salvation1 & ^! !y d]iv$ app>5tly f ,jacob1 _! ance/or4 ,?us we see t ! ,jews 7 a *os5 p1 & we see :at !y 7 *os5 =1 & also t !y 7 *os5 n because ( sup]ior virtue1 b = sup]ior capacity4 #f4 ,h[ o!r ,nations 7 elect$ & call$4 ,o!r nations 7 *os51 too1 = o!r purposes4 ,! ,greeks also 7 a *os5 p--*os5 to develop ! idea ( beauty1 z ! ,jews t ( religion4 ,_! mission 0 beauty 9 art & 9 lit]ature4 ,x 0 no accid5t t !y came z !y did f conflu5t races1 fl[+ toge!r f ,india & ,phnicia1 & settl+ 9 t sweet climate & romantic l&1 :]e ! lovely gean1 toss+ its s(t blue wat]s on ! res\nd+ %ore1 tempt$ !m to navigation1 & awak5$ _! intellect by ! sight ( _m l&s4 ,!re !y did _! "w4 ,!y made _! call+ & election sure4 ,greek ar*itecture--"o bir? ( beauty aft] ano!r--0 born4 ,a!ns 0 cr[n$ ) m>vell\s temples1 ^: exquisite proportions amaze & *>m u to-day--inimitable creations ( beauty4 ,hom] came1 & !n epic poetry 0 born4 s*ylus & trag$y came2 ,p9d> & ! lyric song2 ,!ophra/us & pa/oral music2 ,anacreon & ! /ra9 :i* be>s 8 special "n4 ,& s ,phidias & 8 companions creat$ sculpture1 ,h]odotus hi/ory1 ,demo/h5es oratory1 ,plato & ,ari/otle philosophy1 ,zeuxis pa9t+1 & ,p]icles /atesman%ip4 ,?is 0 _! election1 & !y made x sure4 ,! ,romans also _h _! *os5 "w4 ,!y 7 elect$ to develop ! idea ( ,,law4 ,a prosaic p1 b fill$ ) notions ( ju/ice1 !y develop$ jurisprud5ce4 ,to %[ t a nation c be gov]n$ n by despotic w1 nor by popul> w1 b by law1--?is 0 ! (fice ( ,rome4 ,z long z x did ?is "w x prosp]$2 :5 x ceas$ to d x1 x fell4 ,all o!r races1 no d\bt1 h _! special call+ too4 ,"s make x sure2 o!rs seem to fail ( mak+ x sure1 & s disappe>4 ,?us ! election ( ! ,jews %[s a pr9ciple ( ,god's gov]nm5t1 & is n an exceptional case4 ,t :i* is true ( nations & races is also true ( religions & ( ,*ri/ian d5om9ations4 ,all ,*ri/ians are a *os5 p4 ,!y are *os5 = ! "w ( tea*+ to ! human race ! great doctr9es ( ! fa!rhood ( ,god & ! bro!rhood ( man4 ,o!r religions 7 s5t to m5 too4 ,mohamm$ _h 8 mission--to conv]t ! idolatr\s ,arabs to ,mono!ism4 ,! religions ( ,asia 7 int5d$ to prep>e ! way = ,*ri/ianity by tea*+ ! elem5t>y ideas ( religion & morality4 #g4 ,h[ diff]5t ,d5om9ations are elect$4 ,e great d5om9ation1 & small ones1 too1 are *os5 to unfold "s "o ,*ri/ian idea4 ,! ,ca?olic ,*ur* 0 *os5 to c>ry =w>d ! great c5tral idea ( unity--"o ,"l1 "o fai?1 "o baptism4 ,b ! ,ca?olic ,*ur* is n ca?olic en\gh3 x has turn$ itself into a sect by exclud+ ^? :o c\ld n accept all its /atem5ts & me?ods1 ?\gh !y accept$ ,*ri/4 ,! ,jewi% ,*ur* committ$ ! same mi/ake4 ,:5 x became n>r[1 bigot$1 exclusive1 x left its fir/ love2 x !n ceas$ to enl>ge itself1 & 0 oblig$ to disappe>4 ,! ,jewi% religion1 & all positive religions1 are l vases 9 :i* a plant is gr[+4 ,:ile ! plants are "y1 !y hold !m easily2 b z ! plants gr[1 ! vases1 incapable ( expansion1 are %iv]$ by ! enl>g+ roots4 ,s t1 unless ! ,roman ,ca?olic ,*ur* c be lib]aliz$ & enl>g$1 x mu/ break to pieces4 ,:atev] is said ( ,jews z ! *os5 & elect p is int5d$ to %[ u a pr9ciple :i* mu/ be appli$ to o!rs4 ,x is a pr9ciple v visible 9 _! case1 b n conf9$ to !m4 ,x is ! law ( div9e ,provid5ce4 ,by :at we see ( its work+ 9 _! case1 we are able to see x 9 o!r cases1 :]e x is less di/9ct & less app>5t4 #h4 ,h[ ,individuals are elect$4 ,& n[ let u apply ! doctr9e ( election to individuals4 ,:5 "o is elect$ he is always elect$ to "s special opportunity1 :i* he c improve or n1 & = :i* he is held acc\ntable4 ,:5 ,god s5ds into ! _w a great & orig9al g5ius1 l ,columbus1 ,sir ,isaac ,newton1 ,dante1 ,%akespe>e1 ,moz>t1 ,mi*ael ,angelo1 ,frankl91 ,wa%+ton1 ,byron1 ,napoleon1 x is v pla9 t !y are s5t1 provid$ ) c]ta9 qualities1 to d a c]ta9 "w4 ,x is evid5t t ,god meant ,columbus to discov] ,am]ica1 & ,dante to write a poem4 ,if ,columbus _h tri$ to write ! 8,inf]no10 & ,dante _h devot$ himself to inv5t+ a /eam-eng9e1 if ,frankl9 _h writt5 sonnets & pa/orals1 & ,isaac ,newton _h gone into trade1 if ,wa%+ton _h compos$ symphonies1 & ,bee?ov5 _h travell$ to discov] ! s\rce ( ! ,nile1 !y w\ld n h made _! call+ & election sure4 ,b su* m5 7) an occasional exception1 l t ( ,napoleon & ,byron7 7 all fai?ful to _! own inspiration1 & ea* *ose to abide 9 ! call+ 9 :i* he 0 call$2 & s ea* did ! "w ,god gave him to d 9 ! _w4 ,napoleon & ,byron did _! "w only p>tially1 = !y all[$ _! egotism to bl9d !m1 s z to lose sight ( _! mission aft] a :ile4 ,god s5t ,napoleon to b9d toge!r & organize ! in/itutions ( a new "t--to organize lib]ty4 ,he did x = a season1 & !n s\ght1 egoti/ically1 only to build up himself & 8 dyna/y2 !n 8 "w came to a sudd5 end4 ,= x is vanity & egotism :i* make u fail4 ,we wi% = "s call+ f9] or nobl] ?an ! call+ ,god gives u2 s we come to no?+4 ,9 ^! great & %9+ examples we are taught h[ ,god elects m51 h[ he elects all m51 & h[ he elects all to "w4 ,^! are n ! exceptional cases1 z we are apt to suppose1 b !y are ! illu/rations ( a univ]sal rule4 ,e human be+ has 8 own gift & opportunity f ,god2 "s aft] ?is fa%ion1 & o!rs aft] t4 ,if fai?ful1 he c see :at x is4 ,if 8 eye is s+le1 8 :ole body is full ( light4 ,if he is true to ! light )9 8 s\l1 x gr[s m & m cle> to him :at ,god wants him to d4 ,n e man's bus9ess is to d great works 9 ! _w2 b e "o is s5t to d some?+ & to be some?+--some?+ :i* %all br+ him ne>] to ,god--some?+ :i* %all make him m useful to man4 ,at fir/ he is confus$2 he _c tell :at 8 call+ is4 ,b ea* day1 if he be fai?ful to ea* day's call1 causes ! :ole call+ ( 8 life to become m lum9\s & cle>4 ,s we see t consci5ti\s & fai?ful p1 z !y cont9ue to live1 gr[ m & m into specialty ( "w1 & h m & m ( a special place & duty4 ,?us we see t all ,god's call+s are special1 & none vague or g5]al4 8,e man has 8 prop] gift f ! ,"l2 "o aft] ?is fa%ion1 & ano!r aft] t40 ,p]haps x is n a %9+ gift1 x w n make him fam\s1 b x is always a good "o--always useful & noble4 ,if we foll[ ,god's lead+s1 we %all always come out "r4 8,let e man10 says ! apo/le1 8abide 9 ! call+ 9 :i* he is call$40 ,let him n be impati5t ( 8 own gift1 nor covet\s ( ano!r's2 let him n be uneasy 9 8 place1 nor /ra9+ = some?+ beyond 8 rea*4 ,b if fai?ful e day to 8 own gift1 he may be sure t x w gr[ at la/ into some?+ truly good1 satisfactory1 & suffici5t4 #i4 ,h[ ,jesus 0 elect$ to be ! ,*ri/4 ,p]haps we c n[ bett] und]/& h[ ,*ri/ 0 8! *os5 "o ( ,god40 ,if ,columbus 0 *os5 & s5t to discov] a _w1 if ,dante 0 s5t to be a great poet1 if ,moz>t1 ,rafaelle1 _h ea* 8 mission1 c we d\bt t ,jesus also 0 specially select$ & end[$ = ! "w :i* he has actually done1 to be ! lead] ( ! human race 9 religion & goodness--to lead x up to ,god8 ,yet ^? :o w admit ! mission 9 all o!r cases1 "q x 9 8 case4 ,b :at 0 true 9 !m 0 mu* m s 9 him4 ,he 0 consci\s f ! fir/ t he 0 select$4 8,wi/ ye n t ,i mu/ be ab\t my ,fa!r's bus9ess80 8,to ?is end ,i 0 born1 t ,i might be> witness to ! tru?40 8,god s5t n 8 ,son into ! _w to condemn ! _w1 b t ! _w1 ?r\gh him1 might be sav$40 8,= ?is cause came ,i to ?is h\r40 8,i h f9i%$ ! "w giv5 me to d40 ,jesus1 by 8 nature & organization1 by 8 education1 by ! v "t ( 8 bir?1 by ! inspiration & influ5ce ( ! ,holy ,_s1 0 elect$ & call$4 ,& he fulfill$ 8 "p p]fectly2 & s1 ! two conditions be+ met1 he became ,savi\r ( ! _w1 & p]petual ,rul] ( ! moral & spiritual nature ( man4 #aj4 ,o!r ,illu/rations ( ,individual ,call+ & ,election4 ,b x is n m]ely great m51 & m5 ( g5ius1 :o are ?us provid5tially *os5 & s5t4 ,e man is *os5 = some?+1 & t some?+ n vague & g5]al1 b special & di/9ct4 ,y g into "s c\ntry village ( ,new ,engl&4 ,y f9d !re "s pla9 f>m]1 ( no great education1 p]haps1 b end[$ ) admirable insight & sagacity1 & ( a k9d & b5evol5t nature4 ,he has come to be ! c\nsellor & advis] ( ! :ole community4 ,he has no title2 he is n ev5 a 8squire40 ,he has no (fice2 he is n ev5 a ju/ice ( ! peace4 ,b he fulfils ! mission ( peace-mak] & ( sagaci\s c\nsellor4 ,he is judge )\t a seat on ! b5*2 he is spiritual guide )\t be+ call$ 8rev]5d20 he is ! /ay1 ! c5tre1 ! mo/ ess5tial p]son 9 ! place4 ,he has _h an evid5t call+ f ,god1 n f man1 & he has made x sure by 8 dilig5ce & fidelity 9 8 "w4 ,& p]haps 9 ! same village is a woman1 poor1 old1 & un$ucat$4 ,b %e1 too1 has a call+ f ,god4 ,%e is always s5t = 9 ! h\r ( trial4 ,if any accid5t happ5s1 %e is !re4 ,h] sagacity & exp]i5ce help h] to d :at is ne$$4 ,%e has no m$ical diploma1 b %e is ! good physician ( ! place4 ,god gave to h] native sagacity1 gave to h] b5evol5ce1 gave h] acute obs]vation & a good memory1 & %e has made h] election sure by h] own fidelity4 ,"s p]sons are call$ to love & tea* little *ildr53 t is _! "w4 ,!y are happy ) *ildr51 & *ildr5 are happy ) !m4 ,"s are call$ to sympa?ize2 _! natures ov]fl[ ) sympa?y2 !y ent] readily into all trials & into ! tr\bles ( e s\l1 & !y p\r oil & w9e into ! w\nds ( ! he>t4 ,god call$ !m to be 8 good ,sam>itans1 & !y he> ! call & obey4 8,a place = ev]y?+1 & ev]y?+ 9 its place10 says ! prud5t h\sekeep]4 8,a place = e man1 & e man 9 8 place10 says ! div9e ,h\sekeep]1 :o has s _m mansions 9 8 h\se1 & ^: ,son said he w5t to prep>e a place = u !re 9 ! o!r _w--a work+ place1 probably1 & a sph]e ( labor !re z "h4 ,b 9 ?is _w1 too1 :at a delight x is to see any "o 9 8 "r place6 ,!re are diff]5t ways 9 :i* ,god calls u1 & diff]5t k9ds ( call+s4 ,b e call+ ( ,god is good & noble4 ,he calls u to "w2 he calls u to ,*ri/ian goodness2 he calls u to heav5ly joy1 to glory1 honor1 & immortality4 ,^! are ! ?ree great call+s ( man--,*ri/ian "w fir/1 ,*ri/ian goodness next1 ,*ri/ian glory la/4 ,s9ce ,god made e "o ( u1 he made e "o ( u = some?+2 he has appo9t$ a de/9y = ea* "o1 & he calls u to x4 ,if we d n he> ! g5tle call1 ! :isp] ( 8 grace1 he calls u by trial1 by disa/]1 by disappo9tm5t4 ,he *a/5s u = our pr(it4 ,he prunes our too luxuriant bran*es t we may br+ =? m fruit4 ,s ?is doctr9e ( election1 9 its o!r =m1 z usually taught by ,or?odoxy1 s h>% & t]rible1--8horrible decretum10--s di%onorable to ,god1 s de/ructive to morality1 s palsy+ to ef=t1 gr[s lovely & enc\rag+ :5 look$ at aright4 ,z "o gr[s old1 & looks back ov] 8 pa/ life1 he sees ! work+ ( ?is div9e decree--work+ :]e he concurr$ ) x1 work+ :]e he resi/$ x4 ,he sees m & m cle>ly :at 8 election 01 & h[ he has fulfill$ x1 h[ f> fail$4 ,he sees himself z a y\?1 fi]y & ard5t1 /riv+ = "o ?+1 educat$ by ,god = ano!r4 ,he sees h[ he 0 p>tly l$ & p>tly driv5 into 8 true "w2 h[ he has be5 made an in/rum5t by ,god = good he nev] dream$ ( to ,god's o!r *ildr54 ,he says1 8,x is no do+ ( m9e4 ,x is ! ,"l's do+4 ,he *ose me = x be=e ! f\ndation ( ! _w4 ,i build$ bett] ?an ,i knew4 ,i h fail$ 9 a ?\s& plans ( my own1 b ,i h ignorantly fulfill$ ,god's plans4 ,i am l ,saul1 ! son ( ,ki%1 :o w5t out to seek 8 fa!r's asses1 & f\nd a k+dom4 ,i am l ,s*ill]'s explor]1 :o w5t to sea ) a ?\s& vessels1 & came to %ore sav$ 9 a s+le boat1 yet hav+ 9 t boat ! be/ result ( ! :ole voyage40 ,,*apt] ,,xii4 ,,immortality ,,& ,,! ,,resurrection4 #a4 ,or?odox ,doctr9e4 ,! ,or?odox doctr9e ( ! future life is ?us /at$ 9 ! ,assembly's ,cate*ism1 *apt] #cb3-- 8,i4 ,! bodies ( m51 aft] dea?1 return to du/1 & see corruption2 b _! s\ls 7:i* nei!r die nor sleep7 hav+ an immortal subsi/5ce1 imm$iately return to ,god :o gave !m4 ,! s\ls ( ! righte\s1 be+ !n made p]fect 9 hol9ess1 are receiv$ into ! highe/ heav5s1 :]e !y behold ! face ( ,god1 9 light & glory1 wait+ = ! full r$emption ( _! bodies4 ,& ! s\ls ( ! wick$ are ca/ into hell1 :]e !y rema9 9 torm5ts & utt] d>kness1 res]v$ to ! judgm5t ( ! great day4 ,besides ^! two places = s\ls sep>at$ f _! bodies1 ! ,scripture ackn[l$g$ none4 8,,ii4 ,at ! la/ day1 su* z are f\nd alive %all n die1 b be *ang$2 & all ! dead %all be rais$ up ) ! selfsame bodies1 & none o!r1 al?\gh ) diff]5t qualities1 :i* %all be unit$ aga9 ) _! s\ls =ev]4 8,,iii4 ,! bodies ( ! unju/ %all1 by ! p[] ( ,*ri/1 be rais$ to di%onor2 ! bodies ( ! j by 8 ,_s unto honor1 & be made con=mable to 8 own glori\s body40 ,! views "h giv5 may be consid]$1 on ! :ole1 ! ,or?odox notions on ?is subject1 al?\gh ,or?odoxy is by no means rigor\s on ^! po9ts4 ,consid]able div]sity ( op9ion is "h all[$4 ,! nature ( ! life betwe5 dea? & ! resurrection1 & ! nature ( ! resurrection body1 are diff]5tly appreh5d$1 )\t any discr$it to ! ,or?odoxy ( ! belief4 ,b1 on ! :ole1 we may say t ! ,or?odox views on ^! topics include ! foll[+ heads3-- #a4 ,man consi/s ( s\l & body4 #b4 ,! s\l ( man is naturally immortal4 #c4 ,! only satisfactory pro( ( ?is immortality is ! resurrection ( ,*ri/4 #d4 ,*ri/'s resurrection consi/$ 9 8 return to e>? 9 ! same body z t ) :i* he di$1 ?\gh glorifi$4 #e4 ,our resurrection w consi/ 9 our tak+ aga9 ! same bodies :i* we h n[1 glorifi$ if we are ,*ri/ians1 b degrad$ if we are n4 ------------------------------------- ,on ! o!r h&1 ^? views :i* incl9e t[>ds rationalism & spiritualism agree 9 "p ) ^! /atem5ts1 & 9 "p diff]2 ?us3-- #a4 ,!y usually agree ) ,or?odoxy 9 believ+ man to consi/ ( s\l & body4 #b4 ,!y also agree 9 believ+ ! s\l ( man naturally immortal4 #c4 ,!y diff] f ,or?odoxy 9 ?9k+ ! pro( ( immortality to be f\nd 9 human consci\sness1 n at all 9 ! resurrection ( ,jesus4 ,we w !re=e exam9e ^! two po9ts ( immortality & ! resurrection1 to see :at ! true doctr9e ( ,scripture is conc]n+ !m4 #b4 ,! ,doctr9e ( ,immortality z taught by ,reason1 ! ,in/9ctive ,consci\sness1 & ,scripture4 ,! fir/ class ( pro(s usually adduc$ = immortality are ! rational pro(s1 :i* are su* z ^!3-- ,,! ,,metaphysical ,,pro(4--,?is is bas$ on ! di/9ction ( s\l & body4 ,! exi/5ce ( ! s\l is prov$ exactly z we prove ! exi/5ce ( ! body4 ,if we c prove ! "o1 we c equally prove ! o!r4 ,if any "o asks1 ,h[ d we "k !re is su* a ?+ z body8 we reply t we "k x by ! s5ses2 we c t\*1 ta/e1 smell1 & see x4 ,b to ?is ! answ] is1 t ! s5ses only give u s5sations1 & t ^! s5sations are 9 ! m9d1 n out ( x4 ,we h a s5sation ( resi/ance1 ( color1 ( p]fume1 & ! l2 b h[ d we "k t !re is any?+ outside ( ! m9d correspond+ to !m8 ,! answ] to ?is is1 t by a necess>y law ( ! reason1 :5 we h a s5sation1 we inf] "s ext]nal sub/ance f :i* x proce$s4 ,we look at a book1 = example4 ,we h a s5sation ( %ape & color2 we inf] some?+ outside ( our m9d f :i* x proce$s4 ,9 o!r words1 we p]ceive qualities & inf] sub/ance4 ,?is inf]5ce is a spontane\s & inevitable act ( ! m9d4 ,n[1 we are consci\s ( ano!r gr\p ( feel+s :i* are n s5sations1 :i* d n come f )\t1 b f )94 ,^! are m5tal & moral4 ,b !y1 too1 are qualities2 &1 z 9 ! o!r case1 p]ceiv+ qualities1 we inf] a sub/ance 9 :i* !y inh]e4 ,?is latt] sub/ance we "n s\l1 & we "k x exactly z we "k body4 ,x is kn[n by u z a simple sub/ance1 hav+ p]sonal unity4 ,! p]sonality1 ! 8,i10 is a fundam5tal idea4 ,n[1 z soon z we p]ceive ! exi/5ce ( s\l1 x becomes evid5t t s\l _c die4 ,x may be annihilat$1 b x _c die4 ,= :at is dea? :5 appli$ to ! body8 ,dissolution or sep>ation ( ! p>ts1 b n de/ruction ( ! simple elem5ts4 ,dea? is decomposition ( ^! elem5ts1 & _! resolution into new comb9ations4 ,n[1 ! s\l1 be+ kn[n by u z a simple sub/ance1 is incapable ( dissolution4 ,?is is ! metaphysical pro( ( immortality4 ,!n comes ! ,,teleologic pro(1 or t f f9al causes4 ,man's end is n rea*$ 9 ?is life4 ,we see ev]y?+ 9 ?is _w made = an end4 ,! body is made = an end1 & atta9s x1 & !n decays & is dissolv$4 ,! s\l1 ) all its great p[]s1 goes on & on1 b ! body dies be=e ! s\l is ev] p]fect$4 ,e human life is l an unf9i%$ tale 9 a magaz9e1 ) 8to be cont9u$0 writt5 at its close1 to %[ t x is n yet end$4 ,& besides ^! pro(s ( immortality1 !re is ! ,,!ological pro(1 f\nd$ on ! attributes ( ,god2 & ! ,,moral pro(1 bas$ on ! conflict betwe5 consci5ce & self-love2 & ! ,,analogical pro(1 bas$ on ! law ( progress 9 nature2 & ! ,,cosmic pro(1 f\nd$ on ! relation ( ! s\l to ! univ]se2 & ! ,,hi/oric pro(1 re/+ on ! univ]sal belief 9 immortality2 & la/ly1 ! ,,psy*ologic pro(1 or ! in/9ct ( life 9 man1 :i* c>ries ) x its own evid5ce ( cont9uity4 ,b aft] all ^! pro(s h be5 consid]$1 ! f9al result is probability4 ,only ! la/ gives m1 & ?is acts n z an argum5t1 b z conviction4 ,& ! /r5g? ( ?is conviction dep5ds on ! /r5g? 9 any individual ( ?is in/9ct4 ,"s h m ( ! in/9ct ( life1 o!rs less47#bi7 ,^? :o h mu* are easily conv9c$ by ^! v>i\s argum5ts4 ,b ^? :o h less1 feel z ,cic]o did aft] read+ ! ,phd ( ,plato47#cj7 ,?is in/9ct ( life appe>s n only to be diff]5t f ! fe> ( dea?1 b its exact opposite4 ,:5 we h mo/ ( ! "o1 we h ! lea/ ( ! o!r4 ,any great excitem5t lifts u tempor>ily above ! fe> ( dea? by giv+ u m life4 ,s a man w plunge into ! sea1 & risk 8 own life to save t ( ano!r4 ,s :ole armies g to die *e]fully 9 ! great rage ( battle4 ,b ?is in/9ct receives a p]man5t /r5g? by all t elevates ! s\l4 ,all greatness ( aim1 all devotion to duty1 all g5]\s love1 take away ! fe> ( dea? by add+ to ! quantum ( life 9 ! s\l47#ca7 ,if x be ask$ :at ! ,scriptures tea* conc]n+ immortality1 x mu/ be admitt$ t !y h n mu* to say4 ,!y speak ( life & ( et]nal life2 b ?is1 z we %all discov]1 is q ano!r ?+ f cont9u$ exi/5ce4 ,x ref]s to ! quality & quantity ( be+1 & n m]ely to its duration4 #c4 ,! ,?ree ,pr9cipal ,views ( ,dea?--! ,pagan1 ,jewi%1 & ,*ri/ian4 ,!re are ?ree pr9cipal views ( dea?--! ,pagan view1 ! ,jewi% view1 & ! ,*ri/ian view4 ,,paganism1 9 all its v>i\s =ms1 is *iefly di/+ui%$ by its transf]r+ to ! o!r life ! ta/es1 feel+s1 habits ( ?is life4 ,! o!r _w is ?is "o1 %ad$ (f & ton$ d[n4 ,x is gray 9 its hue1 want+ ! color ( ?is _w2 & is really inf]ior to x1 & only its pale reflection4 ,to ! gods ( ,olympus ! do+s ( m5 are matt]s ( *ief int]e/4 ,t>t>us & ! ,elysian ,fields are occupi$ by lymphatic gho/s1 mi/y spectres1 unsub/antial & unoccupi$4 ,:5 a liv+ man ent]s1 l ,ulysses1 neas1 or ,dante1 !y ?rong ar\nd him1 delight$ to h some?+ 9 :i* !y c take a real int]e/4 8,bett] be a pl\gh-boy on e>? ?an a k+ among ! gho/s40 ,?is expresses ! ,pagan idea ( ! o!r _w4 ,?is _w is m real ?an ! o!r1 to ! ,pagan4 ,,judaism1 9 its view ( h]eaft]1 is mu* m positive4 ,x began ) no idea ( a h]eaft]4 ,no?+ is taught conc]n+ a future life by ,moses1 & little is to be f\nd conc]n+ x ev5 9 ! prophets4 ,! explanation is simple4 ,m5 h>d at "w 9 ! pres5t d n ?9k mu* ( ! future2 & ! "w ( ! ,jews 0 to be s]vants ( ,jehovah & do]s ( 8 law "h4 ,h[ev]1 all m5 mu/ ?9k a little ( ! region beyond dea?4 ,:5 ! ,jews ?\ght ( x1 !y project$ _! ,,law ^u its blank spaces4 ,x 0 a place :]e ,jehovah w\ld v9dicate 8 law--:]e ! j %\ld be happy1 ! unju/ mis]able4 ,! p]plexity :i* torm5t$ ,job1 ,david1 & ,elijah--namely1 t bad m5 %\ld succe$ 9 ?is _w & good m5 fail--0 to f9d its solution !re4 ,judgm5t 0 ! ,jewi% idea ( h]eaft]--a judgm5t to come4 8,i h a hope t[>d ,god1 z !y !mselves also all[10 said ,paul1 speak+ ( ! ,ph>isees1 8t !re %all be a resurrection ( ! dead1 ( ! j1 & also ( ! unju/40 ,! ,,*ri/ian view ( dea? is1 t x is aboli%$--x has ceas$ to be any?+4 ,! ,new ,te/am5t di/9ctly says1 8:o has aboli%$ dea?1 & br\ght life & immortality to light407#cb7 ,dea?1 to a ,*ri/ian1 is b a po9t on ! l9e ( advanc+ be+2 a door ?r\gh :i* we pass2 a mom5t>y sleep betwe5 two days4 ,9 ! same s5se ! ,savi\r says1 8,he t live? & believe? on me %all nev] die40 ,s also he spoke ( ,laz>us z be+ only asleep1 & said ( ! daught] ( ,jairus1 8,%e is n dead1 b sleepe?40 ,c]ta9ly ,jesus c\ld n h spok5 ( dea? 9 ?is way if he reg>d$ x z ! awful & solemn ?+ :i* mo/ believ]s consid] x4 ,if x is ! mom5t t decides our et]nal de/9y1 :i* %uts ! gate ( probation1 :i* t]m9ates = ! s9n] all opportunity ( rep5tance & conv]sion1 = ! sa9t all dang] ( relapse & fall1--!n dea? is surely some?+1 & some?+ ( ! mo/ imm5se importance4 ,b ,*ri/ has really de/roy$ dea? bo? 9 ! ,pagan & 9 ! ,jewi% feel+ conc]n+ x4 ,he de/roys ! ,pagan idea ( dea? z a plunge d[nw>d f some?+ into no?+1 a desc5t into non-entity or half-entity1 a dim9ution ( our be+1 a passage f ! sub/antial to ! %ad[y & unreal4 ,=1 accord+ to ,*ri/ianity1 we d n desc5d 9 dea?2 we asc5d into m ( reality1 into high] life4 ,dea? is a passage onw>d & upw>d4 ,! pro( ( ?is we f9d 9 ! ,*ri/ian doctr9e ( ! ,,resurrection4 ,! mean+ ( ! resurrection ( ,*ri/ is n1 z has be5 (t5 suppos$1 t aft] dea? he came to life aga91 b t at dea? he rose2 t 8 dea? 0 ris+ up1 asc5t4 ,?is we %all %[ 9 a future section ( ?is *apt]4 ,"o p[] ( ,*ri/'s resurrection 0 to aboli% ! fe> ( dea?4 ,x br\ght life & immortality to light4 ,x %[$ m5 _! immortality4 ,! fe> ( dea? is natural to all m51 b x is easily remov$4 ,! smalle/ & l[e/ p[] ( ! resurrection is %[n 9 remov+ x4 ,! fe> ( dea? is natural4 ,x consi/s 9 ?is--t we are1 9 a great "p ( our nature1 imm]s$ 9 ! f9ite & p]i%+4 8,:5 we look at ! ?+s :i* are se510 :i* 8are temporal10 we h an inw>d feel+ ( in/ability--no?+ sub/antial4 ,!re=e x is said1 8,9 ,adam all die10 = ! ,adam1 ! fir/ man 9 all ( u1 is ! animal s\l4 8,! fir/ man is ( ! e>?1 e>?y40 ,! law ( our life is1 t x comes f our love4 ,:5 we love ! f9ite1 our life is f9ite4 ,b besides ! f9ite elem5t 9 man1 ! animal s\l1 or ,adam1 is ! spiritual elem5t1 or ,*ri/1 ! life fl[+ f ?+s unse51 b et]nal4 ,*ri/ has aboli%$ dea?4 ,!re is n[ to ! ,*ri/ian no su* ?+ z dea?1 9 ! common s5se ( ! t]m4 ,! only dea? is ! s5se ( dea?1 ! fe> ( dea?1 :i* insn>es & enslaves4 ,jesus deliv]s u f ?is by inspir+ u ) fai?4 ,we rise ) him :5 we look ) him at ! ?+s unse54 ,fai? 9 et]nal ?+s br+s into ! s\l a s5se ( et]nity4 ,dea? is only a sleep3 outw>d dea? is ! sleep ( ! bodily life2 inw>d dea? is ! sleep ( ! high] life4 ,we awake & rise f ! dead :5 ,*ri/ gives u life2 & :5 he1 :o is our life1 %all appe>1 we %all also appe> ) him4 ,! philosoph] ,less+ says1 8,?us 0 ,*ri/ ! fir/ practical tea*] ( ! immortality ( ! s\l4 ,= x is "o ?+ to conjecture1 to wi%1 to hope =1 to believe 9 immortality z a philosophical speculation--ano!r ?+ to arrange all our plans & purposes1 all our inw>d & our outw>d life1 9 accordance to x40 ,jesus also de/roys ! ,jewi% idea ( dea?1 z a passage f a _w :]e ! good suff] & ! bad triumph1 to a _w :]e ?is /ate ( ?+s is rev]s$4 ,! k+dom ( heav51 ) him1 beg9s "h1 9 ?is _w4 ,judgm5t is "h z well z h]eaft]4 ,! ,jew liv$1 & all ,judaiz+ ,*ri/ians live1 "u a fe>ful look+ = ( judgm5t aft] dea?4 ,! ,*ri/ian sees t judgm5t is always tak+ place2 t ,*ri/ is always judg+ ! _w2 t ,god's moral laws & _! retributions are n kept 9 a /ate ( susp5se till we die--t !y op]ate n[ daily4 ,! ,*ri/ian kn[s t heav5 & hell are bo? "h1 & he expects to f9d !m h]eaft]1 because he f9ds !m "h4 ,he believes 9 law1 b n 9 law only4 ,he believes 9 some?+ high] ?an law1 namely1 love--! love ( a pres5t1 helpful ,fa!r1 ( a fri5d ne> at h&1 ( an inspiration f on high1 ( a ,god :o =gives all s9s :5 !y are rep5t$ (1 & saves all :o tru/ 9 him4 ,he is n "u law1 b "u grace4 ,:5 he looks =w>d to ! o!r _w1 x is n z to a place :]e he goes to be s5t5c$ by a /]n & absolute judge1 b :]e judgm5t & m]cy g h& 9 h&1 :]e law rema9s1 b is fulfill$ by love4 ,?is is :at ,paul means :5 he says1 8,! /+ ( dea? is s91 & ! /r5g? ( s9 is ! law2 b ?anks be to ,god1 :o ha? giv5 u ! victory ?r\gh our ,"l ,jesus ,*ri/40 ,! only real dea? is ! fe> ( dea?--! ,pagan fe> ( dea?1 :i* is a dread ( loss1 *ange1 degradation ( be+1 to foll[ ! dissolution ( ! body2 & ! ,jewi% fe> ( dea?1 :i* is a fe>ful look+ = ( judgm5t1 & ! /+ ( :i* is s94 ,*ri/ aboli%es bo? ( ^! fe>s 9 e believ+ he>t4 ,he aboli%es !m 9 two ways--by ! life & ! resurrection4 ,he is bo? resurrection & life3 by inspir+ u ) spiritual or et]nal life1 he aboli%es all fe> ( dissolution2 & by %[+ u t he has asc5d$ into a high] /ate by 8 resurrection1 he gives u ! belief t dea? is n go+ d[n1 b go+ up4 ,=1 ?\gh 8x do? n yet appe> :at we %all be1 yet we "k ?is1 t :5 he %all appe>1 we %all be l him40 ,b1 un=tunately1 ,*ri/ians are /ill subject to ! fe> ( dea?4 ,?is fe> has be5 aggravat$ by ! curr5t tea*+ 9 pulpits pr(ess$ly ,*ri/ian4 ,! fe> ( t 8some?+ aft] dea?0 has be5 made use ( to palsy ! w2 & consci5ce1 z in/ruct$ by ,*ri/ian tea*]s1 has made c[>ds ( u all2 s t few p]sons c really say1 8,?anks be to ,god1 :o has giv5 u ! victory ?r\gh our ,"l ,jesus ,*ri/40 ,x is v c]ta9 t ! ,pagan view ( dea? & ! ,jewi% view ( dea? /ill l+] 9 ! ,*ur*1 & are enc\rag$ by ,*ri/ian tea*]s4 ,dea? is made t]rible by false doctr9e & false tea*+ 9 ! ,*ur*4 ,*ri/ has n aboli%$ dea? to ! majority ( ,*ri/ians4 ,*ri/ians are almo/ z mu* afraid ( dea? z ! hea!n--sometimes m s4 ,actual ,*ri/ianity is a v diff]5t ?+ f ideal ,*ri/ianity4 ,ideal ,*ri/ianity is ,*ri/ianity z se5 & liv$ by ,jesus2 ! gospel :i* he saw & spoke2 ! ^w ( ,god made fle% 9 him4 ,b actual ,*ri/ianity is an amalgam2 a portion ( real ,*ri/ianity mix$ ) a portion ( ! belief & habits ( feel+ exi/+ 9 m5's m9ds be=e !y became ,*ri/ians4 ,! ,jews took a l>ge quantity ( ,judaism into ,*ri/ianity2 ! ,pagans a l>ge quantity ( ,paganism4 ,! ,*ri/ian ,*ur* f ! v beg9n+ ,judaiz$ & ,paganiz$4 ,paul cont5d$ aga9/ its ,judaism on ! "o h& & its ,paganism on ! o!r4 ,b ,judaism & ,paganism h always /uck to ! ,*ri/ian ,*ur*4 ,%e has nev] ris5 above !m :olly to ?is day4 ,!y m+le ) all h] doctr9es1 c]emonies1 & habits ( life4 ,! ,romi% ,*ur* has m ( ! ,pagan elem5t1 ! ,prote/ant m ( ! ,jewi%4 ,! m$iatorial sy/em ( ,rome is ess5tially ,pagan4 ,its asc5d+ s]ies ( deacons1 sub-deacons1 prie/s1 bi%ops1 ar*bi%ops1 patri>*s1 c>d9als1 & pope 9 ! ,*ur* bel[2 & beatifi$ & sanctifi$ spirits1 angels1 & ar*angels 9 ! ,*ur* above2 its processions1 pilgrimages1 dresses1 its mona/ic in/itutions1 its ros>ies1 relics1 daily sacrifice1 votive (f]+s--ev]y?+ peculi> to ! ,roman ,*ur*1 exi/$ be=e1 some:]e1 9 ,paganism4 ,s ,prote/antism has tak5 f ! ,jews its ,sabba?1 its idea ( ,god z ,k+ & ,judge1 its exclusion f ,god's favor ( all b ! elect1 its view ( ! div9e sov]eignty1 its doctr9e ( pr$e/9ation1 day ( judgm5t1 resurrection ( ! body1 mat]ial heav5 & mat]ial hell4 ,i d n mean to say t !re is no tru? 9 ^! ?+s4 ,!re is1 because !re is "s tru? 9 ,paganism & 9 ,judaism4 ,we are all ,pagans & ,jews be=e we become ,*ri/ians4 ,! ,jewi% & ,pagan elem5t is 9 e human s\l1 & 9 all con/ants 9 man !re is tru?4 ,b ! ,pagan & ,jewi% tru?s are b /epp+-/ones to ! high] ,*ri/ian tru?4 ,! law & ,paganism are s*ool-ma/]s to br+ u to ,*ri/4 ,! evil is1 t ,*ri/ianity has n be5 kept supreme2 x has (t5 be5 sunk & lo/ 9 ! e>li] elem5ts4 ,z ! fooli% ,galatians 7 bewit*$1 & relaps$ f ! gospel to ! law1--turn+ aga9 to weak & begg>ly elem5ts1 desir+ to be 9 bondage to !m aga91 go+ back to _! m9ority "u tutors & gov]nors1--s ! ,*ur* has be5 relaps+1 go+ back to weak & begg>ly elem5ts1 n keep+ ,*ri/ianity supreme 9 ?\ght1 he>t1 & life1 b lett+ ,paganism or ,judaism get ! upp] h&4 ,s x has be5 9 reg>d to ?is subject4 ,we ,paganize & ,judaize 9 our view ( dea?4 ,we re/abli% aga9 :at ,*ri/ has aboli%$4 ,we make dea? some?+ :]e ,*ri/ made x no?+4 ,x is made ! great duty ( life to 8prep>e = dea?40 ,no su* duty is po9t$ out 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t4 ,our duty is to prep>e e day to live2 !n1 :5 we die1 we %all be tak5 c>e ( by ,god4 ,we c safely leave ! o!r _w & its int]e/s to ,him :o has %[n himself s capable ( tak+ c>e ( u "h4 ,! gloom ( dea? has be5 height5$ by artificial means4 ,m\rn+ dresses1 solemn faces1 fun]al addresses1 ! grave1--all h _h an unnatural dep? ( awe add$ to ! natural s5se ( b]eavem5t4 ,! ,or?odox ,*ur* has delib]ately & sy/ematically ,paganiz$ & ,judaiz$ 9 :at x has said & done ab\t dea?4 ,its object has be5 always to make use ( ! great lev] ( fe> ( a h]eaft] 9 ord] to en=ce ,*ri/ian belief & action4 ,h5ce ,dea? has be5 made ! k+ ( t]rors1 ! close ( probation1 ! beg9n+ ( judgm5t1 ! awful entrance to ! f9al decision ( an endless doom4 ,all ?is is :olly un*ri/ian1 unkn[n to apo/olic times1 a relapse t[>ds ,paganism4 ,x is utt]ly oppos$ to ! great decl>ation t 8,,*ri/ ,,has ,,aboli%$ ,,dea?1 ,,& ,,br\ght ,,life ,,& ,,immortality ,,to ,,light ,,?r\gh ,,! ,,gospel40 ,:at is call$ fai? 9 immortality1 !re=e1 is ( two k9ds3 x is an in/9ct1 & x is a belief4 ,9 ! ,new ,te/am5t ^! are pla9ly di/+ui%$4 ,9 ! passage j quot$1 x is said t ,jesus 8br\ght life ,,& immortality to light40 ,jesus himself says1 8,i am ! resurrection ,,& ! life40 8,he t believe? 9 me ha? et]nal life abid+ 9 him1 ,,& ,i w raise him up at ! la/ day40 ,life is a matt] ( consci\sness4 ,x is a pres5t possession1 some?+ abid+ 9 u n[4 ,immortality1 or ! resurrection1 is an object ( intellectual belief4 ,x is some?+ future4 ,we feel life2 we believe 9 ! resurrection4 ,we w pass on1 9 ! next sections1 to consid] ea* ( ^!4 #d4 ,et]nal ,life1 z taught 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t1 n endless ,future ,exi/5ce1 b pres5t ,spiritual ,life4 ,x is only necess>y c>efully to exam9e ! passages 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t :]e ! phrase 8et]nal life0 7 7 occurs1 to see t x does n ref] to ! duration1 b to ! quality1 ( exi/5ce4 ,temporal life is t life ( ! s\l :i* ?r\gh ! body is subject to ! vicissitudes ( "t4 ,et]nal 7or ev]la/+7 life is t life ( ! _s :i* is indep5d5t ( *ange1 & is ap>t f duration4 ,god's be+ 0 reg>d$ by ! ,semitic races z outside ( "t & space1 z a p]petual ,n[1 )\t be=e or aft]4 78,i am ! ,i ,am40 ,exod4 #c3ad47 ,man1 made 9 ! image ( ,god1 becomes a 8p>tak] ( ! div9e nature0 7#b ,pet] #b3d7 by ! gift ( et]nal life4 ,t 8et]nal life0 is n an endless temporal exi/5ce appe>s1-- 7a47 ,f ! passages 9 :i* x is spok5 ( z some?+ to be obta9$ by "o's own ef=ts1 z 7,matt4 #ai3af7 :5 ! "y man asks ( ,jesus :at good ?+ he %all d t he may h et]nal life1 & ,jesus replies t he mu/ keep ! comm&m5ts1 give 8 possessions to ! poor1 & come & foll[ him4 ,c]ta9ly t 0 n ! me?od to obta9 an endless exi/5ce1 b x 0 ! true prep>ation = receiv+ spiritual good4 ,s ,jesus tells ,pet] 7,m>k #aj3cj7 t ^? :o make sacrifices = ! sake ( tru? %all receive temporal rew>ds 89 ?is "t20 & 89 ! com+ age et]nal life0 78 074 ,! com+ age is ! age ( ! ,messiah1 :5 ! gift ( ! ,holy ,gho/ %\ld be be/[$4 7b47 ,passages 9 :i* et]nal life is spok5 ( z a pres5t possession1 n a future expectation4 7,john #c3cf47 8,he t believe? on ! ,son ha? 77 et]nal life40 ,s ,john #f3dg1 #ed1 c4 7c47 ,passages 9 :i* et]nal life is def9$ expressly z a /ate ( ! s\l4 7,john #ag3c47 8,?is is life et]nal1 t !y may "k !e ! only true ,god1 & ,jesus ,*ri/ :om ?\ ha/ s5t10 c4 ,s 7,gal4 #f3h7 x is repres5t$ z ! natural result ( 8s[+ to ! ,_s20 7,rom4 #b3g7 ( 8pati5t cont9uance 9 well-do+20 z 8! gift ( ,god0 7,rom4 #f3bc72 z some?+ :i* we 8lay hold (0 7#a ,tim4 #f3ab1 #ai74 ,?is view ( 8et]nal life0 is tak5 by all ! be/ critics4 ,pr(essor ,hovey ?us sums up _! te/imony3--7#cc7 8,on a c]ta9 occasion1 ,*ri/ pron\nc$ x necess>y = ! ,son ( ,man to be lift$ up1 #8t :osoev] believe? 9 him %\ld n p]i%1 b h et]nal life' 7,john #c3ae7-- 4 1 says ,mey]1 :o is1 p]haps1 ! be/ comm5tator on ! ,new ,te/am5t1 ( mod]n times1 #8signifies ! et]nal ,messianic life1 :i*1 h[ev]1 ! believ] already possesses----9 ?is 1 t is1 9 ! temporal developm5t ( t moral & bless$ life :i* is indep5d5t ( dea?1 & :i* w culm9ate 9 p]fection & glory at ! com+ ( ,*ri/4' ,& ,lcke1 ^: comm5t>y on ! ,gospel ( ,john is "o ( ! mo/ ?or\gh & attractive 9 ! ,g]man language1 says t ! 1 :i* is ! exact opposite ( 7de/ruction71 or 7dea?71 is ! sum ( ,messianic bless$ness4 ,x is pla91 we ?9k1 t ! life "h spok5 ( z ! pres5t possession ( e believ] 9 ,*ri/ is m ?an endless exi/5ce2 x is life 9 ! fulle/ & highe/ s5se ( ! ^w1 ! free1 holy1 & bless$ action ( ! :ole man1 t is to say1 ! prop]1 normal liv+ ( a rational & moral be+4 ,! g]m1 ! pr9ciple ( ?is life1 exi/s 9 ! he>t ( e believ]2 x is a pres5t possession4 #8,:osoev]1' says ,*ri/1 #8dr9ke? ( ! wat] t ,i %all give him %all nev] ?ir/2 b ! wat] t ,i %all give him %all be 9 him a f\nta9----( wat]1 spr++ up into ev]la/+ life4' 7,john #d3ad47 ,9 ano!r place our ,savi\r utt]s ^! words3 #8,he t he>e? my ^w1 & believe? on him t s5t me1 ha? et]nal life1 & %all n come into condemnation1 b has pass$ f dea? into life' 7,john #e3bd7-- 4 ,"h1 aga91 ! believ] is said to h et]nal life1 ev5 n[2 = he has pass$ f dea? into life4 ,+5s saltus1 rem>ks ,b5gel1 ) 8 cu/om>y brevity & graphic p[]4 ,we translate a "p ( ,lcke's ample & in/ructive note on ?is important v]se4 8 #8,! words1 8,has pass$ f dea? into life0 det]m9e t 7ha?7 mu/ be tak5 z a /rict pres5t4 ,= ! v]b 7has pass$7 affirms t ! transition f dea? into life took place ) ! he>+ & believ+4 ,only if an impossible ?\ght 7 ?us express$1 c\ld we cons5t1 z 9 a case ( extreme necessity1 to und]/& ! pres5t & ! pres5t p]fect z futures4 ,& !n we %\ld be compell$ to say t ,john _h express$ himself v /rangely4 ,b if a high] k9d ( life1 a resurrection process prior to bodily dea?1 is repres5t$ by 8ha?10 & 8ha? pass$10 !n & are n to be und]/ood ( a life comm5c+ aft] bodily dea?1 b ( ! true & et]nal ,messianic life or salvation1 beg9n+ ev5 "h4 ,?is life does n1 to be sure1 exclude natural dea?1 b nei!r does x fir/ beg9 aft] ?is dea?4 7,cf4 #e3dj47 ,ev5 s _c be und]/ood ( bodily1 b only ( spiritual dea?1 ( ly+ 9 ! d>kness ( ! _w4 ,?is int]pretation w\ld be ju/ifi$ "h1 ev5 if else:]e 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t d5ot$ uni=mly no?+ b bodily dea?4 ,b ! metaphorical idea ( dea? /&s out cle>ly 9 #a ,john #c3ad2 #e3af1 #ag2 ,john #h3ea1 #eb2 #b ,cor4 #b3af2 #g3aj4 ,simil>1 also1 is ! use ( ! words 7,rom4 #g3d2 #h3ac71 & 1 1 7,matt4 #h3bb2 ,eph4 #e3ad2 ,heb4 #f3a2 ,col4 #c3e2 ,gal4 #b3ai74' 8,) ! passage n[ exam9$ may be comp>$ a /atem5t ( ! apo/le ,john to ! same effect1 namely3 #8,we "k t we h pass$ f dea? into life1 because we love ! bre?r52 he t love? n abide? 9 dea?4' 7#a ,john #c3ad47 ,?is language1 expla9$ ) a due reg>d to ! prec$+ context1 speaks1 evid5tly1 ( spiritual dea? & life1 ( a pass+ f "o moral condition into ano!r & opposite "o4 ,to say t ?is new moral condition & bless$ /ate is to endure & improve =ev]1 may d\btless be to utt] an important tru?1 b "o :i* does n conflict 9 ! slighte/ degree ) its pres5t exi/5ce4 ,x beg9s 9 ?is life2 x cont9ues =ev] & ev]4 8,aga93 we f9d our ,savi\r say+1 #8,he t believe? on me ha? ev]la/+ life2' #8,except ye eat ! fle% ( ! ,son ( man1 & dr9k 8 blood1 ye h no life 9 y2' &1 #8,! words t ,i speak unto y are _s1 & are life4' 7,john #f3dg1 #ec1 #fc47 ,by ^! v]ses we are taught once m1 t ! ,greek t]ms :i* d5ote life & dea?1 liv+ & dy+1 7 appli$ by ,*ri/ to opposite moral /ates ( ! s\l4 ,=1 obs]ve1 7#a47 he m ?an intimates t 8 words1 8 doctr9es1 are ! s\rce ( pres5t life to ^? :o receive !m1 & t1 by eat+ 8 fle% & dr9k+ 8 blood1 he signifies a reception ( 8 words1 & s ( himself z ! ,lamb ( ,god4 ,&1 7#b47 he decl>es t "o :o believes has et]nal life2 t "o :o eats ( ! true bread %all n die1 b %all live =ev]2 & t "o :o does n eat ! fle% & dr9k ! blood ( ! ,son ( man ha? n life 9 himself4 8,is x n pla9 t ! words life & dea?1 z well z ! words bread1 fle%1 & blood1 eat+ & dr9k+1 are "h us$ 9 a spiritual s5se8 ,is x n pla9 t ,jesus "h speaks ( some?+ 9 ! believ]'s s\l :i* is n\ri%$ by ,*ri/ian tru?1 & :i* is at ! same "t call$ life8 ,b x is ! function ( tru? to quick5 ?\ght & feel+1 to det]m9e ! modes ( consci\s life1 ! "* or moral condition ( ! human s\l2 & h5ce ! rejection ( x may involve ! utt] want ( c]ta9 spiritual qualities & bless$ emotions1 b n ! want ( p]sonal exi/5ce4 ,9 /ill ano!r place we read1 #8,jesus said unto h]1 ,i am ! resurrection & ! life3 he t believe? 9 me1 ?\gh he 7 dead1 yet %all he live2 & :osoev] live? & believe? 9 me %all nev] die4' 7,john #aa3be1 #bf47 ,*ri/ "h affirms t e believ] is exempt$ f dea?4 ,& x matt]s n = our pres5t purpose :e!r ! ^w 1 translat$ 9 our v]sion #8live?1' ref]s 9 ?is passage to physical or to moral life4 ,if x ref]s to physical life1 !n our ,savi\r pron\nces ! ,*ri/ian to be already1 9 "t1 deliv]$ f ! p[] ( dea?1 & 9 possession ( a true & immortal life4 ,b if x ref]s to moral life1 ,*ri/ decl>es t :oev] possesses ?is life1 :e!r 9 ! body or out ( ! body1 is deliv]$ f ! p[] ( dea?2 t is1 8 union ) ,god & delight 9 him1 :i* alone con/itute ! normal liv+ ( ! s\l1 %all nev] be int]rupt$3 --he %all nev] die4444 8 #8,& ?is is life et]nal1' says ! ,great ,tea*]1 #8t !y %\ld "k !e1 ! only true ,god1 & ,jesus ,*ri/1 :om ?\ ha/ s5t4' 7,john #ag3c47 ,! be/ anci5t & mod]n int]pret]s hold ?is v]se to be a def9ition by ,*ri/ himself ( ! expression #8life et]nal1' s (t5 us$ by him1 accord+ to ! record ( ,john4 ,de ,wette says1 #8,& ?is is 7!re9 consi/s7 ! life et]nal2 n1 ?is is ! means ( ! et]nal life2 = ! vital k ( ,god & ,*ri/ is itself ! et]nal life1 :i* beg9s ev5 "h1 & p5etrates ! :ole life ( ! human _s4' ,mey] translates ?us3 #8,!re9 consi/s ! et]nal life1' & says1 #8,?is k1 will$ ( ,god1 is ! 8et]nal life10 inasmu* z x is ! ess5tial subjective pr9ciple ( ! latt]1 its endur+1 et]nally unfold+ g]m & f\nta91 bo? n[1 9 ! temporal developm5t ( ! et]nal life1 & h]eaft]1 :5 ! k+dom is set up1 9 :i* fai?1 hope1 & *>ity abide1 ^: ess5ce is t k4'7#cd7 ,! same view1 sub/antially1 is pres5t$ by ,ol%aus51 ,lcke1 ,b5gel1 ,al=d1 & _m o!rs40 ,et]nal life is ! gift ( ,god to ! s\l ?r\gh ,jesus ,*ri/4 ,x is ,god's life communicat$ to man--! life ( ,god 9 ! s\l ( man4 ,?is is di/9ctly /at$ 9 ! ,fir/ ,epi/le ( ,john 7*ap4 #a3a71 z ! life :i* 0 f ! beg9n+1 ! et]nal life :i* 0 ) ! ,fa!r1 b is manife/$ to u1 giv+ u fell[%ip ) ! ,fa!r & ) 8 ,son4 ,! root ( ?is et]nal life is 9 e human be+4 ,x is :at we call 8! _s0 9 man1 z di/+ui%$ f ! s\l & body4 ,x is ! side ( ea* p]son :i* t\*es ! inf9ite & et]nal4 ,fi*te1 ! mo/ spiritual ( ,g]man philosoph]s1 says1 8,love is life4 ,:]e ,i love1 ,i live4 ,:at ,i love1 ,i live f t407#ce7 ,:5 we love e>?ly ?+s1 our life is e>?ly1 t is1 temporal2 :5 we love ! true1 ! "r1 ! good1 our life is spiritual & et]nal4 ,!n we h et]nal life abid+ 9 u4 ,!n all fe> ( dea? dep>ts4 ,! great gift ( ,god ?r\gh ,*ri/ 0 to make ! "r & true also lovely1 s t lov+ !m1 we c\ld draw our life f !m4 ,:5 ,god becomes lovely to u1 by be+ %[n to u z ,jesus %[s him1 !n by lov+ ,god we live f ,god1 & s h et]nal life abid+ 9 u4 ,! natural in/9ct ( immortality is ! _s1 or s5se ( ! inf9ite & et]nal4 ,b x ne$s to be ren=c$ by ! influ5ce ( ,*ri/ian conviction1 hope1 & exp]i5ce1 9 ord] completely to conqu] ! s5se ( dea?4 ,x is n by logical argum5ts 9 pro( ( a future exi/5ce t immortality becomes cle> to u1 b by liv+ an immortal life4 ,dr4 ,*ann+ says truly1 8,immortality mu/ beg9 "h40 ,& s ,hase 7,dogmatic1 #ib7 says1 8,any pro( :i* %\ld demon/rate1 ) ma!matical c]ta9ty1 to ! und]/&+1 or to ! s5ses1 ! bless+s or t]rors ( our future immortality1 w\ld de/roy morality 9 its v roots4 ,! belief 9 immortality is !re=e at fir/ only a wi%1 & a belief on ! au?ority ( o!rs2 b ! m t any "o assures to himself 8 spiritual life by 8 own free ef=ts & a pure love = goodness1 ! m c]ta9 also does et]nity become1 n m]ely z some?+ future1 b z some?+ already begun407#cf7 ,:5ev] ,jesus is said to give et]nal life1 or to be ! life ( ! _w2 :5ev] ! apo/les decl>e ,*ri/ to be _! life1 or say t z 9 ,adam all die1 s 9 ,*ri/ %all all be made alive2 :5 ,paul says1 8,! law ( ! ,_s ( life 9 ,*ri/ ,jesus has made me free f ! law ( s9 & dea?20 8to be spiritually m9d$ is life & peace20 8! life ( ,jesus is manife/$ 9 our dy+ 7mortal7 fle%20 :5 ,john says1 8,he t ha? ! ,son ha? life20 :5 9 ,revelation we read ( ! book ( life1 & wat] ( life1 & tree ( life1--! mean+ is always ! same4 ,x ref]s to ! spiritual vitality add$ to ! s\l by ! influ5ce ( ,jesus1 :o communicates ,god's love1 & s enables u to ,,love ,god1 in/ead ( m]ely fe>+ him or obey+ him4 ,love ca/s out all fe>1 ! fe> ( dea? includ$4 ,he :o looks at ! ?+s unse5 & et]nal1 p>takes ( _! et]nal nature1 & ?\gh 8 outw>d human nature p]i%es1 8 inw>d spiritual nature is r5ew$ day by day4 #e4 ,resurrection1 & its real ,mean+1 z a ,ris+ up1 & n a ,ris+ aga94 ,"o "p ( ! ,*ri/ian doctr9e ( immortality is convey$ 9 ! t]m 8et]nal life20 ! o!r "p 9 ! o!r t]m1 usually associat$ ) x--8! resurrection40 ,! common ,or?odox doctr9e ( ! resurrection1 is t ! dead %all rise ) ! same bodies z ^? laid 9 e>?2 & ?is id5tity is usually made to consi/ 9 id5tity ( matt]1 ?\gh ,paul expressly says1 8,?\ s[e/ n t body t %all be40 ,on ! o!r h&1 _m lib]al ?9k]s ( ! ,spiritual ,s*ool d5y any resurrection1 & ?9k ! :ole doctr9e ( ! resurrection a ,jewi% error1 believ+ 9 a purely spiritual exi/5ce h]eaft]4 ,o!rs1 l ,sw$5borg1 tea* t ! s\l h]eaft] dwells 9 a body1 ?\gh ( a m ref9$ & sublimat$ "*2 & 9 ?is we ?9k !y approa* m ne>ly ! tea*+ ( ! ,new ,te/am5t4 ,x is a rem>kable fact t ! ,greek words indicat+ ! ris+ ( m5 %\ld h be5 translat$1 9 our ,engli% ,bible1 by t]ms signify+ some?+ :olly diff]5t1 & convey+ ano!r s5se ?an t 9 ! orig9al4 ,x is equally extraord9>y t ?is *ange ( mean+ %\ld seldom or nev] be allud$ to by !ological writ]s4 ,^! words1 translat$ 8resurrection10 8rise aga910 & ! l1 all h1 9 ! ,greek1 ! s5se ( ris+ ,,up1 n ( ris+ ,,aga94 ,!y signify n return1 b asc5t2 n com+ back to ?is life1 b go+ =w>d to a high]4 ,! diff]5ce 9 mean+ is app>5t & v important4 ,x is "o ?+ to say1 t at dea? we g d[n into ,hades1 or into dissolution1 & at ! resurrection we come back to consci\s exi/5ce1 or to ! same life we _h be=e1 & q a diff]5t ?+ to say t :at we call dea? is no?+2 b t we rise up1 & g =w>d :5 we seem to die4 ,?is la/ is ! doctr9e ( ! ,new ,te/am5t1 ?\gh ! =m] is ! "o usually believ$ to be taught 9 x4 ,! imm5se /ress laid1 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t1 on ! resurrection ( ,jesus is by no means expla9$ by suppos+ t aft] 8 dea? he came to life aga91 & s prov$ t !re is a life aft] dea?4 ,:at he %[$ 8 disciples 01 t dea? 0 n go+ d[n1 b go+ up2 n desc5t into ! grave1 or ,hades1 b asc5t to a high] _w4 ,?is is ! evid5t s5se ( su* passages z ^!4 ,we h n room to g ov] all ! passages :i* %\ld be notic$ 9 a critical exam9ation1 b select a few ( ! mo/ prom95t4 #a4 1 commonly translat$ 8resurrection10 or 8ris+ aga910 b :i* lit]ally means 8ris+ up40 7,s ,brets*neid]1 8,lexicon ,man4 9 lib4 ,nov4 ,te/40 def9es x z 8resurrectio1 rectius surrectio4077#cg7 ,?is ^w occurs =ty-two times 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t4 ,9 none ( !m 7unless !re be a s+le exception1 :i* we %all pres5tly consid]7 does x necess>ily mean a ris+ aga91 or com+ back to ! same level ( life z be=e4 ,9 a l>ge numb] ( in/ances ! ^w c only mean a ris+ up1 or asc5t to a high] /ate4 ,( ^! cases we w cite a few examples4 ,t5 ( ! passages 9 :i* ! ^w occurs1 are 9 ! acc\nt by ! ,synoptics ( ! discussion betwe5 ,jesus & ! ,sadducees conc]n+ ! case ( ! woman m>ri$ to sev5 bro!rs4 ,aft] /at+ ! case1 !y say1 8,!re=e1 9 ! resurrection1 ^: wife ( !m is %e80 ,x is pla9 t ! ^w 8resurrection0 "h is equival5t to 8! future /ate10 & _c be limit$ to a return to life4 ,?is becomes m app>5t 9 ! answ] ( ,jesus1 z giv51 some:at v>i$1 by ! ?ree ,synoptics3 8,9 ! resurrection !y nei!r m>ry nor are giv5 9 m>riage1 b are z ! angels ( ,god 9 heav540 7,matt4 #bb3cj47 ,m>k1 in/ead ( 8! resurrection10 has ! correspond+ v]b1 8:5 !y %all rise f ! dead40 ,?is c]ta9ly means1 n ris+ aga91 b ris+ up1 asc5d+ to a high] /ate4 ,& ,luke adds ano!r elem5t1 %[+ t ! 8resurrection0 is a /ate to :i* all may n atta91 b :i* is dep5d5t on "*2 evid5tly !re=e a high] /ate4 8,!y :i* %all be acc\nt$ wor?y to obta9 t _w 7 71 & ! resurrection f ! dead1 nei!r m>ry nor are giv5 9 m>riage2 nei!r c !y die any m1 = !y are equal unto ! angels0 7or r 8are l ! angels07 8& are *ildr5 ( ,god1 be+ *ildr5 ( ! resurrection40 7,luke #bj3ce1 #cf47 ,?is la/ phrase1 8*ildr5 ( ! resurrection10 is v significant1 & int5ds a "* correspond+ to ?is high] /ate4 ,!re seems1 inde$1 to be a contradiction betwe5 ?is passage1 :i* makes ! resurrection conditional1 & ^? :i* decl>e x univ]sal4 7,see ,john #e3bi1 & #a ,cor4 *4 #ae47 ,b p]haps ! reconciliation c be f\nd 9 ! apo/olic /atem5t 7#a ,cor4 #ae3bc7 8e "o 9 8 ord]40 ,all %all asc5d into ! high] /ate1 call$ 8! resurrection10 b only z !y become prep>$ = x4 ,all are n n[ prep>$ to he> ! voice ( ! ,son ( man 7or ( div9e tru?71 :i* %all causes !m to rise to ! resurrection ( life & ( judgm5t2 b1 9 due season1 all %all come =? f _! graves1 & he> x4 ,ano!r passage 9 :i* ?is ^w occurs is 9 ,luke #b3cd1 :]e ,simon says1 8,?is *ild is set = ! fall & ris+ aga9 77 ( _m 9 ,israel40 ,a moral fall & ris+ are "h evid5t2 & only if ! r$uplication be dropp$1 & we read 8= ! fall & ! ris+ up10 d we get ! true idea4 ,x is n meant t ,jesus comes to degrade u morally1 & !n lift u up aga9 morally4 ,r x means t he comes to te/ ! /ate ( ! he>ts ( m53 "s _c be> ! te/1 & fall be=e x2 o!rs1 bett] prep>$1 rise high]4 ,"h1 also1 means ris+ up1 & n ris+ aga94 ,! mo/ rem>kable use ( ?is ^w1 h[ev]1 is 9 t fam\s passage :]e ! common mean+ is :olly un9telligible1 9 ! /ory ( ,laz>us4 7,john #aa3bd1 #be47 ,jesus says1 8,i am ! resurrection & ! life40 ,if resurrection means com+ back to life aft] dea?1 9 :at s5se c ,jesus be 8! resurrection & ! life08 ,!n ,jesus said t he 0 8! com+ back to life10 :i* is un9telligible4 ,b if ! resurrection means ! asc5t to a high] /ate1 !n ,jesus decl>es t he is ! way ( asc5t to a high] /ate1 j z he says else:]e1 8,i am ! way20 8,i am ! door40 ,x is ! p[] ( ,*ri/ )9 ! s\l1 ! p[] ( 8 _s ( fai?1 hope1 & love1 :i* enables u to g =w>d & upw>d4 ,*ri/ is n ! pr9ciple ( resuscitation to an e>?ly exi/5ce1 or a m]ely human immortality4 ,he does n br+ u to life aga91 b he lifts u up4 ,s he adds1 8,he :o believe? 9 me1 ?\gh he 7 dead1 yet %all he live40 ,n1 %all come to life aga92 no1 b1 %all rise out ( dea? into life1 asc5d into a high] condition ( be+4 ,!n he adds t to "o :o has fai? 9 him1 :o has adopt$ 8 ideas1 !re is no long] any su* ?+ z dea?4 ,dea? has disappe>$--is aboli%$4 8,he :o live? & believe? 9 me %all nev] die40 ,b1 x may be object$1 if spiritual dea? & life are "h spok5 (1--if ! passage means t he :o believe? 9 ,*ri/ %all h inw>d religi\s spiritual life1 a heav5ly & cele/ial life1--!n h[ c\ld t com=t ,m>?a1 or apply to h] case1 :o 0 m\rn+1 n ! spiritual1 b ! natural1 dea? ( h] bro!r8 ,*ri/ is ess5tially a manife/ation ( ! tru? & love ( ,god4 ,to believe 9 him is !re=e to believe 9 ,god's tru? & love4 ,b belief 9 ?is fills ! s\l ) life4 ,& ! s\l full ( life _c die4 ,:at seems dea? is only *ange1 & a *ange f a l[] to a high] /ate1 !re=e ris+ up1 or resurrection4 ,*ri/1 !n1 ! love & tru? ( ,god 9 ! s\l1 is ! life & ! resurrection4 ,he fills ! s\l ) t life :i* causes x to rise ) e *ange1 to g up & on ev]more to a high] /ate4 ,t :i* seems dea? is no?+2 ! only real dea? is ! imm]sion ( ! s\l 9 s5se & evil1 ! turn+ away f tru? & ,god4 ,n[1 ,m>?a believ$1 z mo/ ( u believe1 9 a future resurrection4 ,%e believ$ t1 aft] ly+ a long "t 9 ! grave1 "o w\ld come out ( x at la/1 on a great day ( judgm5t1 & someh[ ! s\l & body be reunit$4 ,%e believ$ ?is1 = x 0 ! g5]al belief ( ! ,jews 9 h] day4 ,x is ! g5]al belief ( ,*ri/ians n[4 ,! majority ( ,*ri/ians h n got v f> beyond t4 ,!y talk ( ! resurrection1 z ?\gh x 7 m]ely ! return ( ! s\l into ! old body2 & :5 y com=t !m ov] _! dead by say+1 8,y\r dead w rise10 reply1 8,i "k x--at ! resurrection1 at ! la/ day40 ,b ,jesus tells ,m>?a1 & all ! ,m>?a ,*ri/ians ( ! pres5t "t1 t he is ! resurrection & ! life4 ,y\r bro!r is n to sleep 9 ! du/ till ! la/ day1 & !n rise4 ,he does n die at all4 ,he rises ) ,*ri/ "h1 & 9 :atev] o!r _w4 ,8 nature is to g up1 n d[n1 :5 he is ,*ri/ianiz$4 ,n[ or !n1 to-day or at ! la/ day1 if he has ! liv+ fai? ( a son ( ,god1 he w be rais$ by t ,*ri/ )9 him1 :o is 8 life4 ,?is1 x seems to u1 is ! only adequate explanation ( ?is passage1 & %[s conclusively t resurrection mu/ mean1 9 ?is place1 a ris+ up to a high] exi/5ce1 & n a m]e return to ?is life4 ,x appe>s1 f #a ,cor4 *4 #ae1 t !re 7 "s 9 ! ,*ri/ian *ur* :o said !re 0 no resurrection ( ! dead 7 17 or t x 0 pa/ already4 7#b ,tim4 #b3ah47 ,^! ,*ri/ians did n d5y ! doctr9e ( immortality1 or a future life4 ,x is difficult to imag9e ! motive :i* c\ld induce any "o1 9 ^? days1 to jo9 ! ,*ri/ian *ur*1 if he d5i$ a future life4 ,probably1 !re=e1 !y assum$ t ! only real resurrection takes place 9 ! s\l :5 we rise ) ,*ri/4 ,!y said1 8,if we are to rise into a high] life aft] ?is1 h[ %all we rise1 & ) :at bodies80 7#a ,cor4 #ae3ce47 ,!y pr(ess$ to believe 9 a simple immortality ( ! s\l1 b n an asc5t ( ! p]sonal be+1 s\l & body toge!r1 to ! pres5ce ( ,god4 ,!y did n "q a future life1 b a high] life to :i* s\l & body %\ld g up toge!r4 ,to ^! d\bt+ ,*ri/ians1 :o c\ld n ga!r /r5g? to believe 9 su* a great progress z ?is1 ,paul says t if man does n rise1 if x is contr>y to 8 nature to rise1 !n ,jesus1 be+ a man1 has n ris51 b gone d[n to ,hades ) o!r s\ls4 ,!n he is n above u1 ) ,god1 s5d+ d[n /r5g? & inspiration f our "w4 ,?is fai? ( ours1 :i* has be5 our great support1 is an illusion4 ,we h all be5 deceiv$--deceiv$ 9 prea*+ =giv5ess ( s9s ?r\gh ,*ri/ f ,god2 deceiv$ 9 prea*+ a high] life above u1 into :i* ,*ri/ has gone1 & :]e he is wait+ to receive u4 ,b we h n be5 deceiv$--,*ri/ has ris51 & ris5 z ! fir/ fruits ( humanity4 ,he leads ! way up1 & 9 proportion z we %>e 8 life1 we also h 9 ourselves ! pr9ciple ( asc5t1 & %all g up too4 ,he goes fir/2 !n all :o are l him foll[ & f9ally1 9 due ord]1 all mank9d4 ,dea? & ,hades h be5 conqu]$ by ?is new influx ( life 9 ,*ri/4 ,in/ead ( rema9+ pale gho/s1 nak$ s\ls1 we %all rise into a full]1 ri*]1 l>g] life1 ( s\l & body4 ,!re is "o passage1 h[ev]1 :]e !re seems a difficulty 9 consid]+ 1 or resurrection1 z imply+ an asc5t ( condition4 ,x is 9 ,john #e3bh1 #bi4 ,our common translation reads ?us3 8,! h\r is com+ 9 :i* all t are 9 ! graves %all he> 8 voice 7t is1 ! voice ( ! ,son ( man71 & %all come =?1 !y t h done good unto ! resurrection ( life1 & !y t h done evil unto ! resurrection ( damnation40 ,at fir/ sight x c]ta9ly seems t ! 8resurrection ( damnation0 7 7 c\ld h>dly be consid]$ a high] /ate4 ,all dep5ds1 h[ev]1 on ! mean+ ( ! ^w1 "h translat$ 8damnation40 ,! ^w1 9 ! ,greek1 is ! g5itive ( 4 ,n[1 by turn+ to ! ,concordance1 we f9d t ?is ^w occurs "s =ty-eight times 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t4 ,9 ^! places1-- ,x is translat$ #c times by 8damnation40 ,x is translat$ #b times by 8condemnation40 ,x is translat$ #b times by 8accusation40 ,x is translat$ #da times by 8judgm5t40 ,x is evid5t1 !re=e1 t our translators consid]$ judgm5t to be ! prim>y & usual mean+ ( ! ^w4 ,:y1 !n1 did !y n translate x "h1 8ris+ to judgm5t10 or 8resurrection ( judgm5t08 ,x mu/ h be5 because !y believ$ ei!r t 7#a47 8judgm5t0 w\ld make no s5se "h2 7#b47 t 8damnation0 w\ld make bett] s5se2 or1 7#c47 t 8damnation0 0 m 9 accordance ) ! analogy ( fai?4 ,b we c decide ^! po9ts = ourselves4 8,judgm5t0 is ! bett] ^w "h1 = x accords ) ! doctr9e ( ! ,new ,te/am5t1 t 9 proportion z man goes wrong1 he dulls 8 moral s5se1 & ne$s a revelation ( tru? to %[ him :at he is4 ,a true man1 :o has liv$ accord+ to ! tru? "h1 has judg$ himself1 & w n ne$ to be judg$ h]eaft]4 7#a ,cor4 #aa3ca47 ,he rises into ! resurrection ( life4 ,b ^? :o foll[ falsehood "h1 ne$ to see ! tru?2 & !y rise into ! resurrection ( judgm5t4 ,! tru? judges & condemns !m4 ,b ?is is really an asc5t to !m also4 ,x is go+ up high]1 to see ! tru?1 ev5 :5 x condemns !m4 ,?is passage1 !n1 is no exception to ! pr9ciple t :]ev] 8resurrection0 77 occurs 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t1 x implies go+ up into a high] /ate4 ,all ! o!r places :]e ! ^w occurs ei!r evid5tly h ?is mean+1 or c be> x z easily z ! o!r4 ,?us 7,luke #ad3ad71 8,?\ %alt be recomp5s$ 9 ! high] /ate ( ! j40 7#bj3bg71 ! ,sadducees 8d5y a high] /ate40 7,acts #a3ba71 8he is to be a witness ) u ( ! asc5d$ /ate ( ,jesus40 7,acts #d3b71 8prea*$1 ?r\gh ,jesus1 ! high] /ate ( ! dead40 7#ag3ah71 8prea*$ to !m ,jesus & ! high] /ate40 7#bj3bc71 t ,*ri/ 8%\ld be ! fir/ to rise into ! high] /ate40 7,laz>us & o!rs _h return$ to life aga9 be=e ,jesus1 s t 9 ?is s5se he 0 n ! fir/ fruits47 7,rom4 #f3e71 8plant$ 9 ! lik5ess ( 8 resurrection40 ,?is c only mean z ,*ri/ pass$ ?r\gh ! grave into a high] /ate1 s we pass ?r\gh baptism into a high] /ate4 ,! only text :i* pres5ts any real difficulty is ,heb4 #aa3ce1 translat$1 8wom5 receiv$ _! dead rais$ to life aga910 lit]ally1 8wom5 receiv$ f ! resurrection _! dead0 7 71 :i* may ref] to a return to ?is life1 z 9 ! case ( ! *ild ( ! wid[ ( ,s>epta 7#a ,k+s #ag3ag71 & ( ! ,%unamite 7#b ,k+s #d3ag747ch7 ,b 9 ! same v]se1 ! o!r & 8bett]0 resurrection is spok5 (1 = ! sake ( :i* ^! m>tyrs refus$ to return to ?is life4 ,! case ref]r$ to is probably t ( ! record ( ! sev5 bro!rs put to dea? by ,antio*us 7#b ,macc4 #g3i71 :o refus$ life (f]$ on condition ( eat+ sw9e's fle%1 & said1 :5 dy+1 8,! ,k+ ( ! _w %all raise u up1 :o h di$ = 8 laws1 unto ev]la/+ life0 7 71 lit]ally1 8to an et]nal r5ewal ( our life407#ci7 ,?is v]se %[s1 !re=e1 t ?\gh may mean a return to ?is life1 yet t ! o!r s5se ( a high] life is expressly contra/$ ) x1 ev5 "h4 ,our conclusion1 !re=e1 ) reg>d to ?is t]m 1 is1 t its mean+1 9 ,new ,te/am5t usage1 is n 8ris+ aga910 b 8ris+ up10 or 8asc5t40 #b4 4 ,?is ^w is ! root ( ! =m]4 ,x is us$ "o hundr$ & twelve times 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t4 ,x is translat$ ) aga9 7z1 8he mu/ rise aga9 f ! dead07 fifte5 times4 ,x is translat$ ?irty-six times 8rise up0 or 8raise up0 7z1 8,i w raise him up at ! la/ day071 & n9ety-six times )\t ! 8aga940 ,x is r5d]$ 8he arose10 8%all rise10 8/ood up10 8raise up10 8arise10 & 9 simil> ways4 #c4 4 ,?is ^w is also frequ5tly us$ 9 relation to ! resurrection1 & is translat$ 8to awak510 8ar\se10 8animate10 8revive40 ,! natural & usual mean+ is asc5t to a high] /ate1 & n m]ely a 8ris+ aga940 ------------------------------------- ,f ^! consid]ations we see t ! primitive & c5tral mean+ ( ! t]ms us$ to express ! resurrection is t ( ,,asc5t4 ,x is ,,go+ ,,up4 ,?is is ! ess5tial ,*ri/ian idea4 ,b x soon became implicat$ ) ! ,pagan idea ( immortality1 or cont9u$ exi/5ce ( ! s\l1 & ! ,jewi% idea ( a bodily resurrection at ! la/ day4 ,b ?\gh !re is a tru? 9 ea* ( ^! beliefs1 ! ,*ri/ian doctr9e is nei!r "o nor ! o!r4 ,! gospel assumes1 b does n tea*1 a cont9u$ exi/5ce ( ! s\l4 ,s9ce ! great] includes ! less1 9 tea*+ t ! ,,man rises at dea? into a high] life1 x necess>ily implies t he cont9ues to live4 ,& 9 tea*+ t he is to exi/ z man1 ) s\l & body1 9 a high] condition ( developm5t1 x tea*es necess>ily ! bodily resurrection ( ! ,jews4 ,*ri/1 :o came 8n to de/roy1 b to fulfil10 ,,fulfils bo? ,pagan & ,jewi% ideas ( ! future /ate 9 ?is doctr9e ( an ,,asc5sion at dea?4 ,! pr9cipal po9ts ( ! tea*+ ( ,jesus conc]n+ ! life :i* foll[s ! dissolution ( ! body are ^!3 ,fir/4 ,z aga9/ ! ,sadducees1 he argues t ! dead are liv+ 7,matt4 #bb3ca1 & ! p>allel passages71 f ! simple fact t ,god calls !m 84 ,if ,god ?9ks ( !m z 81 t is en\gh4 ,8 ?9k+ ( !m makes !m alive4 ,no "o c p]i% :ile ,god is ?9k+ ( him ) love4 ,su* an argum5t1 c>ry+ no weight to ! m]e und]/&+1 is conv9c+ 9 proportion z "o is fill$ ) a spiritual conception ( ,god4 ,secondly4 ,jesus aboli%es dea? by tea*+ t !re is no su* ?+ to ! s\l :i* %>es 8 ideas conc]n+ ,god & ! univ]se4 ,?is is impli$ 9 ! phrases1 8,he t live? & believe? 9 me %all nev] die40 7,john #aa3bf47 8,he t believe? on me ha? ev]la/+ life40 7,john #f3dg47 8,i am ! liv+ bread1 :]e( if a man eat1 he %all live =ev]40 7,john #f3ea47 8,:oso eate? my fle%1 & dr9ke? my blood1 ha? et]nal life40 7,john #f3ed47 8,if a man keep my say+1 he %all nev] see dea?40 ,"h1 8eat+ ,*ri/'s fle%1 & dr9k+ 8 blood10 is pla9ly equival5t to 8keep+ 8 say+10 & 8believ+ on him40 ,z 8food :i* we eat & dr9k *anges itself s z to become a "p ( our own body by assimilation10 s ,*ri/ int5ds t 8 tru? %all n be m]ely tak5 into ! memory1 & reproduc$ 9 words1 b %all be tak5 into ! life1 & reproduc$ 9 "*4 ,?irdly4 ,he tea*es t z fe$+ on 8 tru? *anges our natural life into spiritual life1 & lifts temporal exi/5ce into et]nal be+1 s x w also place u outw>dly 9 a high] /ate & high] relations1 to :i* /ate he applies ! famili> t]m ! 8resurrection0 or 8asc5t10 ! 8go+ up40 8,i w raise him up at ! la/ day40 ,! 8la/ day10 9 ,jewi% & ,new ,te/am5t usage1 means ! ,messianic times1 z appe>s f su* passages z ,acts #b3ag1 :]e ! t]m is us$ ( ! day ( ,p5teco/2 ,heb4 #a3b1 8ha? 9 ^! la/ days spok5 unto u by 8 ,son20 #a ,john #b3ah1 8,little *ildr51 x is ! la/ "t40 ,jesus tells 8 disciples t he is go+ to ! ,fa!r 7,john #ad3ae71 9 ^: h\se are _m mansions1 :]e he is to prep>e a place = 8 disciples4 7,john #ad3b47 ,t 8resurrection0 0 und]/ood to mean a pres5t high] /ate1 & n a future return to life1 appe>s also f its use by ! apo/les4 ,*ri/ians are spok5 ( z hav+ already 8ris5 ) ,*ri/0 7,col4 #c3a72 8ris5 ) him 9 baptism0 7,col4 #c3a72 walk+ 89 ! lik5ess ( 8 resurrection0 7,rom4 #f3e74 ,&1 no d\bt1 x 0 by mak+ ?is idea ( a pres5t resurrection too exclusive1 t "s ,*ri/ians ma9ta9$ t x 0 :olly a pres5t resurrection1 & n at all future--t 8x 0 pa/ already40 ,?is ,*ri/ian fai? 9 8resurrection0 z asc5t to a high] condition ( be+ at dea? is practically borne witness to by su* common expressions conc]n+ dep>t$ fri5ds z ^!3 8,he has gone to a bett] _w20 8,he is 9 a high] _w ?an ?is20 8,we ought n to grieve = him--he is bett] (f ?an he 040 ,! practical s5se ( ,*ri/5dom has tak5 ?is fai? f ! ,gospels1 ?\gh ! ,cre$s d n au?orize x4 ,! ,cre$s tea* t ! s\ls ( ! good ei!r sleep till a future resurrection1 or are absorb$ into ,god until !n1 :ile ! s\ls ( ! imp5it5t desc5d to a l[] sph]e4 ,*ri/ tea*es t at dea? all rise to a high] /ate--( life & love to ! lov+1 or judgm5t by ! sight ( tru? to ! selfi%2 b high] to all4 ,paul decl>es t 8z 9 ,adam ,,all die1 ev5 s 9 ,*ri/ %all ,,all be made alive10 mak+ ! rise equival5t 9 ext5t to ! fall4 ,! great *ange 9 ! fai? ( ! apo/les1 9 consequ5ce ( ! resurrection or asc5t ( ,*ri/1 0 ?is3 ,!y be=e believ$ t at dea? all w5t to ,hades1 to ! gloomy und]world ( %ad[s1 !re to rema9 till ! f9al resurrection4 ,b ! belief t ,*ri/1 in/ead ( go+ d[n1 _h gone up1 & _h assur$ !m t all :o _h fai? 9 him _h ! pr9ciple ( asc5t 9 _! s\ls1 & 7 already spiritually ris51--?is took ! victory f ,hades & ! /+ f dea?4 ,to ,*ri/ians1 at lea/1 ,hades is no m any?+2 all :o h a liv+ fai? rise ) ,*ri/2 & soon] or lat]1 ea* 9 8 ord]1 all %all rise4 ,?is 0 ! 8p[] ( ! resurrection0 ( ,jesus to de/roy ! fe> ( dea?1 to enable !m 8to atta90 n[ 8to ! resurrection ( ! dead0 7,phil4 #c3aj71 tea*+ t 8if ! ,_s ( ,him :o rais$ up ,jesus f ! dead dwell 9 y1 he t rais$ up ,jesus f ! dead %all also quick5 y\r mortal bodies by 8 ,_s t dwells 9 y40 8,= x is ,*ri/ t di$1 yea1 r1 t is ris51 :o is ev5 at ! "r h& ( ,god1 :o also make? int]cession = u40 ,x 01 !re=e1 ! duty ( all ,*ri/ians1 s9ce !y 7 ris5 9 ,*ri/1 8to seek ! ?+s :i* are above40 #f4 ,resurrection ( ! ,body1 z taught 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t1 n a ,ris+ aga9 ( ! same ,body1 b ! ,asc5t into a high] ,body4 ,x is rem>kable t ^? :o pr(ess to believe 9 ! lit]al inspiration ( ! ,new ,te/am5t %\ld nev]!less v g5]ally tea* t ! future body is mat]ially ! same z ?is4 ,we (t5 he> labor$ argum5ts to %[ h[ ! id5tical *emical p>ticles :i* compose ! body at dea? may be re-collect$ f all qu>t]s at ! resurrection4 ,yet ! only place :]e any acc\nt is giv5 ( ! future body1 decl>es explicitly t x is diff]5t f ! pres5t1 j z ! /alk :i* comes out ( ! gr\nd diff]s f ! se$ plant$4 8,we s[ n ! body :i* %all be1 b b>e gra91 & ,god give? x a body z please? him40 ,_m p]sons1 h[ev]1 take an opposite view1 & h no belief 9 any future bodily exi/5ce4 ,!y speak mu* m frequ5tly ( ! immortality ( ! s\l4 ,b ! resurrection ( ! body is unque/ionably a doctr9e ( ! ,new ,te/am5t1 :ile ! immortality ( ! s\l is n4 ,! ,new ,te/am5t kn[s no?+ ( a purely spiritual exi/5ce h]eaft]1 no?+ ( an ab/ract disembodi$ immortality4 ,! reaction f mat]ialism to idealism has caus$ u n[ to und]value bodily exi/5ce4 ,s x did among ! ,cor9?ians to :om ,paul wrote1 8,h[ say "s among y t !re is no resurrection ( ! dead80 ,^! ,cor9?ians 7 n ,sadducees1 nor ,epicureans4 ,!re is no evid5ce t ^! sects _h any influ5ce on ! ,*ri/ian ,*ur*4 ,!y did n d5y a future exi/5ce1 b !y d5i$ a ris+ up & a future bodily exi/5ce4 ,!y believ$1 l u1 9 an immortality ( ! s\l1 d5y+ ! possibility 7probably on philosophical gr\nds7 ( ! resurrection ( ! body4 ,s ,paul proce$s1 9 ! fifte5? *apt] ( ,cor9?ians1 fir/ to prove ! fact1 & !n to expla9 ! nature ( a bodily resurrection4 ,let u consid]1 fir/1 :at is meant by a resurrection ( ! body4 ,?is ^w resurrection t5ds to mislead u by sugge/+ ! ris+ f ! grave ( ! mat]ial body !re deposit$2 & accord+ly we h ! !ory :i* makes ! future body ! m]e revival ( ! same p>ticles ( matt] compos+ ! pres5t body4 ,b ! ,greek ^w1 z we h fully %[n1 means n m]ely ris+ out ( ! grave1 b ris+ to a high] /ate ( exi/5ce4 ,! ana/asis ( ! body is its elevation & spiritualizalion4 ,by ! resurrection ( ! body1 we mean t 9 ! future life ( man1 he %all n exi/ 9 ! same mat]ial & fle%ly envelope z n[1 nor yet z a purely disembodi$ _s4 ,! true doctr9e avoids bo? extremes--! extreme ( pure idealism on ! "o h&1 & ( pure mat]ialism on ! o!r4 ,x ass]ts ?ree ?+s3 fir/1 t we h a real body h]eaft]2 second1 t ?is w be id5tical ) our true body n[2 ?ird1 t x w be ?is true body 9 a high] /ate ( developm5t ?an at pres5t1 a spiritual in/ead ( a natural body4 ,fir/1 x w be a real body4 ,a real body is an organization ) :i* ! s\l is connect$1 & by means ( :i* x comes into connection ) ! mat]ial univ]se1 & "u ! laws ( space & "t4 ,?is organization may be m or less ref9$ & subtle2 x may n come "u ! cognizance ( our pres5t s5ses2 b if x is an organization by means ( :i* we may commune ) ! physical univ]se1 x is ess5tially a body4 ,aga91 ! future body is id5tical ) ! pres5t true body ( man4 ,= :at is our true body8 ,n ! p>ticles ( fle% & blood1 b ! pr9ciple ( its organization4 ,! id5tity ( our body does n consi/ 9 ! id5tity ( its mat]ial p>ticles1 = ^! come & g1 are 9 con/ant flux1 & are :olly *ang$1 x is said1 e sev5 ye>s4 ,b1 not)/&+ ?is *ange1 ! body ( ! man is ! same ) t ( ! *ild4 ,! same features1 figure1 temp]am5t1 morbid & passional t5d5cies1 are reproduc$ ye> aft] ye>4 ,^! fly+ p>ticles1 ga!r$ f e>? & air1 are manufactur$ into bra91 bone1 blood1 accord+ to an unv>y+ law1 & !n giv5 back aga9 to air & e>?4 ,!re is1 !re=e1 a hidd5 my/]i\s pr9ciple ( organization work+ on dur+ ! :ole sev5ty ye>s ( our e>?ly exi/5ce1 :i* makes ! body ( ! infant & ! *ild id5tical ) t ( ! man & ! old man4 ,?is is ! true body2 & ?is1 extricat$ at dea? f its pres5t envelope1 & clo!d ^u ) a high] spiritual & immortal =m1 w con/itute ! future body4 ,b aga91 x w be a high] developm5t ( ! body4 ,paul pla9ly tea*es ?is4 ,he uses ! analogy ( ! se$1 %[+ t ! future body is relat$ to ?is2 & diff]5c$ f ?is1 z ! plant is relat$ to ! se$1 & yet diff]5t f x4 8,?\ s[e/ n t body t %all be1 b b>e gra940 ,y d n s[ ! /alk1 b ! k]nel2 y d n s[ ! oak1 b ! acorn4 ,yet ! oak is conta9$ pot5tially 9 ! acorn1 & s ! future body is conta9$ pot5tially 9 ! pres5t4 ,! condition ( ! g]m9ation ( ! acorn is its dissolution2 !n ! g]m is able to sep>ate itself f ! re/ ( ! se$1 & />t =w>d 9 a new c>e] ( developm5t4 ,9 l mann] ! spiritual body _c be develop$ until ! pres5t organization is dissolv$4 ,paul goes on to say t 8!re is a natural body & !re is a spiritual40 ,?is body is ! natural body2 ! future w be ! spiritual4 ,two ?+s may be impli$ 9 ?is di/9ction4 ,z by ! natural body we come into communion ) ! natural _w1 ! _w ( ph5om5a1 s by ! spiritual we commune ) ! spiritual _w1 ! _w ( ess5tial be+ & cause4 ,"h & n[ we see ?+s ?r\gh a glass1 d>kly1 !n face to face4 ,"h we look at ?+s on ! outside only2 b h[ (t5 a long+ seizes u to "k ! ess5ces1 to p5etrate to _! int]ior life6 ,t long+ is an in/9ctive prophecy ( its own fulfilm5t h]eaft]4 ,! spiritual body mu/ also manife/ ! _s h]eaft]1 z ! natural or s\l body n[ manife/s ! s\l4 ,= :ile ! pres5t body expresses adequately en\gh pres5t wi%es & emotions1 x fails ( express+ ! spiritual emotions1 & fails ( be+ a true s]vant ( ! high] life4 ,?is1 !n1 con/itutes ! future body4 ,fir/1 x is an organization connect+ u ) ! outw>d univ]se ( space & "t4 ,second1 x is id5tical ) ! pres5t true body4 ,?ird1 x is a developm5t & advance ( ?is into a high] organization4 ,let u n[ inquire :at are ! evid5ces & pro(s ( ?is future body4 ,h[ d we "k1 or :y d we ?9k1 t we %all h any su* body8 ,! fir/ pro( ( a future bodily exi/5ce is its reasonabl5ess4 ,!re is a law ( gradation 9 ! univ]se by :i* ! se$ unfolds gradually into ! /alk1 ! bud into ! fl[]1 ! fl[] into ! fruit4 ,we see a gradual progress ( vegetable life into animal1 & a gradual transition f ! l[] =ms ( animal exi/5ce to ! high]4 ,! transition is s gradual t x is v difficult to say :]e vegetables end & :]e animals beg94 ,radiat$ animals asc5d t[>ds ! mollusks1 ! mollusks t[>ds ! articulata1 ! articulata t[>ds ! v]tebrata4 ,& ?r\gh ?is la/ class we see a /eady asc5t f "o =m ( organization to ano!r2 f fi%es to reptiles1 f reptiles to birds1 f birds to mammalia1 until by /eady rise we rea* ! human body1 9 delicacy1 beauty1 & faculty ! cr[n ( all4 ,:y %\ld we suppose ?is ! end ( bodily exi/5ce8 ,:y n r t ?is is to pass into a /ill m noble & beautiful type ( organization8 ,aft] ?is gradual developm5t1 :y suppose ! enorm\s *ange to a purely spiritual exi/5ce8 ,is x n m reasonable to suppose1 in/ead1 a high] ord] ( bodily life8 ,if we may look at ! "q = a mom5t f a metaphysical po9t ( view1 we %all f9d x h>d to compreh5d ! possibility ( p]sonal exi/5ce h]eaft] ap>t f bodily organization4 ,ev]y?+ :i* is1 mu/ be ei!r some:]e1 or ev]y:]e1 or n[h]e2 t is1 x mu/ be pres5t 9 "s p>ticul> po9t ( space1 or omnipres5t ?r\gh all space1 or :olly out ( space4 ,b to be :olly out ( space is to lose t :i* di/+ui%es "o ?+ f ano!r1 = all di/9ctions :i* we c conceive ( are di/9ctions 9 space & "t4 ,to be ev]y:]e is to be omnipres5t1 :i* is an attribute belong+ to ,god & n to f9ite be+1 & w\ld imply absorption into ! div9e nature4 ,!re=e p]sonal exi/5ce is exi/5ce some:]e 9 space1 b locality 9 space is an attribute ( body1 n ( _s1 & implies bodily exi/5ce4 ,moreov]1 %all we suppose t aft] dea? we are to h no m communion ) ! mat]ial univ]se1 no m k ( ?is va/ ord] & beauty1 :i* is a p]petual manife/ation ( ,god1 ! g>m5t :i* he we>s1 "o ( 8 gr& me?ods ( revelation8 ,^! myriads ( suns & worlds1 ^! con/ellations ( />s peopl+ space1 ?is city ( ,god full ( wond] & inf9ite v>iety1 are !y to be no?+ to u aft] ! few ye>s ( mortal life are ov]8 ,we _c believe x4 ,if1 !n1 we are /ill to p]ceive ! mat]ial univ]se1 ! faculties by :i* we p]ceive x w be m int5se bodily faculties4 ,if spiritual ?+s are spiritually disc]n$1 bodily ?+s are disc]n$ 9 a bodily mann]4 ,su* consid]ations z ^! %[ t a future bodily exi/5ce is reasonable2 b ! pro( ( x mu/ come1 if at all1 ei!r f revelation or exp]i5ce4 ,let u see1 !n1 :at be>+ ! resurrection ( ,jesus has ^u ?is "q4 ,accord+ to ! ,gospels1 ,jesus rose f ! dead 9 bodily =m4 ,?is body resembl$ 8 =m] "o1 s z to be recogniz$ by 8 disciples2 x _h ! m>ks ( ! spe> & nails2 x c\ld be t\*$1 & 0 capable ( eat+ food4 ,9 all ^! respects x seems exactly ! same body he _h be=e4 ,?is1 too1 is confirm$ by ! fact t he came f ! tomb :]e 8 body _h be5 plac$1 & t ?is _h disappe>$4 ,b1 on ! o!r h&1 _m peculi>ities indicate a diff]5ce2 su* z 8 n be+ recogniz$ at once by ,m>y 9 ! g>d51 nor by ! disciples dur+ ! :ole walk to ,emmaus2 8 appe>+ & disappe>+ sudd5ly2 8 com+ ?r\gh ! clos$ doors4 ,aga91 if ! body ( ,jesus 0 exactly l t :i* he _h be=e dea?1 x is evid5t t he w\ld h to lay x aside aga9 be=e asc5d+ into ! spiritual _w1 = fle% & blood _c inh]it ! k+dom ( ,god4 ,b if he 0 to lay x aside aga91 ?is w\ld be equival5t to dy+ a second "t1 :i* w\ld de/roy ! :ole mean+ & value ( 8 resurrection1 mak+ x no?+ b a m]e revival1 or com+ to life aga91 l t ( a p]son :o has be5 app>5tly dr[n$4 ,su* a revival w\ld h produc$ no results1 & ! fai? ( ! ,*ur* :i* has come f ! resurrection ( ,jesus w\ld nev] h tak5 place4 ,accord+ly1 we mu/ conclude t ,jesus rose ) a high] spiritual body4 ,& ?is gives to ! asc5sion its mean+4 ,= o!rwise1 ! asc5sion w\ld be only a disappe>ance2 :]eas1 9 ?is view1 ! disciples saw him pass away 9 ! %ape & =m he 0 to cont9ue to we> 9 ! o!r _w4 ,!n ! gulf 0 bridg$ ov]1 9 _! m9ds1 & !y _h look$ into heav54 ,?is 0 :at ! resurrection ( ,jesus did = ! apo/les4 ,x *ang$ d\bt & despair into fai? & hope2 *ang$ !oretical belief into practical assurance2 imp>t$ t comm&+ en]gy ( conviction & utt]ance :i* only comes f life4 ,animat$ ?us !mselves1 !y 7 enabl$ to animate o!rs4 ,& s ! resurrection ( ,*ri/ 0 ! resurrection ( ,*ri/ianity1 ! resurrection ( a ,*ri/ian fai? & hope inf9itely deep] & /rong] ?an _h be=e exi/$ 9 ! m9ds ( ! disciples4 ,we d n l ! usual me?od ( reg>d+ ! resurrection ( ,jesus z a great exceptional ev5t1 & an a/\nd+ violation ( ! laws ( nature4 ,its p[] seems r to h consi/$ 9 ?is1 t x 0 a glori\s confirmation ( ^? ev]la/+ laws ann\nc$ by ,jesus--laws b\ndless z ! univ]se4 ,! v ess5ce ( ! gospel is ! decl>ation t good is n only bett] ?an evil1 :i* we all knew be=e1 b /rong] ?an evil1 :i* we weakly d\bt4 ,! gospel assures u t love is /rong] ?an hatr$1 peace ?an w>1 hol9ess ?an evil1 tru? ?an error4 ,x is ! m>riage ( ! goodness ( motive & ! goodness ( atta9m5t2 goodness 9 ! s\l & goodness 9 outw>d life2 heav5 h]eaft] & heav5 "h4 ,x ass]ts t ! good man is always 9 reality successful2 t he :o humbles himself is exalt$1 he :o =gives is =giv51 he :o gives to o!rs receives aga9 himself1 he :o hung]s aft] righte\sness is fill$4 ,?is 0 ! fai? :i* ,*ri/ express$1 9 :i* & out ( :i* he liv$ & act$2 x 0 ?is fai? :i* made him ,*ri/ ! ,k+1 ,k+ ( human m9ds & he>ts4 ,0 x !n all false8 ,did 8 dea? prove x s8 ,0 t ! end1 ! e>?ly end1 ( 8 ef=ts = man8 ,7 tru? & love /ruck d[n !n by ! p[] ( d>kness8 ,t 0 ! "q :i* 8 resurrection answ]$2 x %[$ him pass+ ?r\gh dea? to high] life1 ?r\gh an app>5t ov]?r[ to a real triumph2 x gave "o visible illu/ration to laws usually invisible 9 _! op]ation1 & set ,god's seal to _! tru?4 ,?r\gh t dea? :i* seem$ ! de/ruction ( all hope1 ,jesus w5t up to be ! ,*ri/1 ! ,k+4 ,9 ?is po9t ( view we see ! value & importance ( ! resurrection ( ,jesus1 & :y ,ea/] ,sunday %\ld be ! *ief fe/ival ( ,*ri/ianity4 ,x 0 ! great triumph ( life ov] dea?1 ( good ov] evil4 ,x 0 ! apt symbol & illu/ration ( ! :ole gospel4 ,if1 !n1 ! resurrection ( ,*ri/ means t ,*ri/ asc5d$ ?r\gh dea? to a high] /ate2 if our resurrection means t we pass up ?r\gh dea?1 & n d[n2 n into ! grave1 b into a condition ( high] life2 if ! resurrection ( ! body does n mean ! rais+ aga9 out ( ! e>? ! mat]ial p>ticles deposit$ !re1 b ! s\l clo?+ itself ) a high] & m p]fect organization2 if x is1 !n1 ! rais+ ( ! body to a m p]fect condition ( developm5t1--!n is !re n good reason :y su* /ress %\ld be laid ^u ?is great fact8 ,all ! pro( re/s on ! hi/oric fact ( ! resurrection4 ,0 ,*ri/ se5 9 ?is high] spiritual & bodily /ate1 or 0 he n8 ,if he 01 !n we h a fact ( hi/ory & exp]i5ce to rely ^u to %[ u t ! future life involves an asc5t bo? spiritual & bodily4 ,& ?is is ! reason :y su* /ress has be5 laid on ! resurrection4 ,?is rais+ ( man1 ?r\gh ! p[] ( ,*ri/'s life1 to a high] /ate1 is n a m]e matt] ( speculation1 !n1 n an op9ion1 n some?+ pleasant to ?9k ( & hope =1 b x is a fundam5tal fact ( ,*ri/ian fai?4 ,because ,*ri/ has aris5 & pass$ up1 we mu/ all arise & pass up1 too1 ) him4 ,he is ! fir/ fruits ( ^? :o sleep4 ,9 proportion z ! ,_s ( ,*ri/ is 9 u1 9 t proportion is ! p[] 9 u :i* %all c>ry u upw>d t[>ds him4 ,he wi%es t ^? :o believe 9 him %all be :]e he is4 ,we %all belong to him & to 8 high] _w1 n arbitr>ily1 b naturally2 n by any positive decree ( ,god1 b by ! nature ( ?+s4 ,! ess5tial fact 9 ! resurrection is1 t ,*ri/ rose1 ?r\gh dea?1 to a high] /ate4 ,! ess5tial doctr9e ( ! resurrection is1 t dea? is ! transition f a l[] to a high] condition 9 all :o h ! life :i* makes !m capable ( x4 ,,*apt] ,,xiii4 ,,*ri/',s ,,com+1 ,,usually ,,call$ ,,! 8,,second ,,com+10 ,,& ,,*ri/ ,,! ,,judge ,,( ,,! ,,_w4 #a4 ,! ,com+ ( ,*ri/ is n :olly future1 n :olly outw>d1 n local1 nor mat]ial4 ,x is a curi\s fact t1 9 direct contradiction to ,*ri/'s own explanations conc]n+ 8 com+1 ?is %\ld frequ5tly be consid]$ by ! ,or?odox1 7#a47 z :olly future2 7#b47 z :olly outw>d2 7#c47 z local2 7#d47 z bodily & mat]ial4 ,x _c be :olly future1 = if x 71 ,jesus 0 mi/ak5 9 say+ ( ! signs ( 8 com+1 8,?is g5]ation %all n pass away until all ^! ?+s be fulfill$40 7,m>k #ac3cj47 ,nor c x be :olly outw>d1 = if x 71 ,jesus 0 mi/ak5 :5 he decl>$ ( ! signs ( 8 com+1 8,! k+dom ( ,god come? n ) obs]vation0 7,luke #ag3bj72 8,! k+dom ( ,god is )9 y 0 7,luke #ag3ba72 8,my k+dom is n ( ?is _w0 7,john #ah3cf74 ,see also ,m>k #d3bf1bg1 & ,matt4 #ac3cc1 :]e 8 k+dom is comp>$ ) se$ spr\t+ & leav5 work+ secretly4 ,nor is ,*ri/'s com+ local1 t is1 9 a c]ta9 place1 = if x 71 ,jesus 0 mi/ak5 9 tell+ 8 disciples n to believe ^? :o said1 8,lo1 "h60 or 8,lo1 !re60 n to g into ! des]t :5 m5 say1 8,behold1 he is !re10 & n to believe ^? :o decl>e t he is hidd5 some:]e 9 ! city1 = t ! com+ ( ! ,son ( man %\ld be l t ( ! lightn+1 :i* %9es all r\nd ! sky1 & seems to be ev]y:]e at once4 7,matt4 #bd3bf47 ,& if n local1 nei!r c x be a bodily com+2 = all bodily com+ mu/ be 9 "s "o place4 ,s9ce1 !re=e1 ,jesus di/9ctly d5ies t 8 com+ is to be 8"h0 or 8!re10--t is1 local1--x mu/ be a spiritual com+1 a com+ 9 _s & 9 p[]4 ,all ! mat]ial images connect$ ) x--! cl\ds1 ! trumpet1 c4--are to be consid]$ symbolical4 ,! 8cl\ds ( heav50 may symbolize spiritual movem5ts & influ5ces2 ! 8trumpet10 ! awak5+ p[] ( new tru?47#dj7 #b4 ,no ,second ,com+ ( ,*ri/ is m5tion$ 9 ,scripture4 ,x is also a rem>kable fact t only "o com+ ( ,*ri/ is m5tion$ 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t4 ,or?odoxy speaks cont9ually ( ,*ri/'s second com+1 b )\t any w>rant4 ,x assumes t ! manife/ation ( ,jesus 9 ! fle% 0 8 fir/ com+ z ! ,*ri/1 & t consequ5tly ! pr$ictions 79 ,matt4 *4 #bd1 & ! p>allels7 mu/ ref] to a second com+4 ,h5ce ! phrase 8second com+0 has be5 introduc$1 & naturaliz$ 9 !ology4 ,b1 9 tru?1 ! life ( ,jesus on e>? 0 n reg>d$ z 8 com+ z ! ,messiah47#da7 ,:at ! disciples expect$ 0 8 manife/ation or inve/iture z ! ,messiah1 :i* evid5tly _h n tak5 place at ! "t ( _! conv]sation4 ,& ?is 0 to be1 n 8at ! end ( ! _w10 b at ! end ( ! age4 ,!y1 l o!r ,jews1 divid$ "t into two p]iods1 8! pres5t age10 or times previ\s to ! ,messiah1 & 8! com+ age10 or times ( ! ,messiah's reign4 ,:51 !re=e1 ,jesus 0 ) !m1 only tea*+ & heal+1 !y did n at all consid] him to h come z ! ,messiah4 ,b :5 he spoke ( ! de/ruction ( ! ,temple1 z t indicat$ ! end ( ! exi/+ economy1 !y und]/ood x to be syn*ron\s ) 8 com+ z ! ,*ri/4 ,s !y said1 8,:at %all be ! sign ( ?y ,,com+1 & ( ! ,,end ,,( ,,! ,,age80 ,& s ?r\gh ! ,epi/les1 :5 ! 8com+ ( ,*ri/0 is spok5 (1 is meant 8 manife/ation 9 ! _w z ! ,messiah4 ,?is 0 a s+le ev5t1 to take place once1 n to be repeat$4 ,su* a ?+ z 8,*ri/'s second com+0 is unkn[n to ! ,scriptures47#db7 #c4 ,7 ! ,apo/les mi/ak5 9 expect+ a spe$y ,com+ ( ,*ri/8 ,x is (t5 said t ! apo/les !mselves 7 mi/ak5 9 expect+ a spe$y com+ ( ,*ri/4 ,no d\bt !y did expect 8 spe$y com+1 & ) reason2 = he himself _h told !m t ! exi/+ g5]ation %\ld n pass away till all ^? ?+s 7 fulfill$4 ,!re=e !y 7 ju/ifi$ 9 look+ = a ne> com+ ( ,jesus z ! ,*ri/4 ,we admit t !y expect$ 8 spe$y com+2 b we ?9k !y 7 n mi/ak51 = he did come4 ,he came1 ?\gh n p]haps 9 ! mann] !y anticipat$4 ,possibly !y int]pret$ too lit]ally :at he said conc]n+ 8 com+4 ,= ?\gh ,*ri/ spoke s mu* 9 symbols & p>ables1 lit]al p took him lit]ally4 ,& s !y d /ill4 ,:5 he said t except m5 ate 8 fle% & drank 8 blood !y c\ld n be 81 ! lit]ali/s said1 8,h[ c ?is man give u 8 fle% to eat80 ,& s _m p]sons /ill ?9k t someh[ ,*ri/'s actual body is to be eat5 9 ! ,"l's supp]4 ,s1 :5 he said t ! ,son ( man %\ld be se5 8com+ 9 ! cl\ds ( heav5 ) p[] & great glory1 & s5d 8 angels ) ! s\nd ( a trumpet1 & ga!r 8 elect f ! f\r w9ds10 !y took x lit]ally4 ,8 apo/les1 ev51 may h suppos$ t he 0 to be se5 up 9 ! air 9 physical =m17#dc7 & t a mat]ial trumpet 0 to be bl[n4 ,b all ?is 0 ! fle%1 ! g>b ( 8 ?\ght4 ,! _s ( 8 ?\ght only is ( value2 ! fle% pr(its no?+4 ,! apo/les 7 wrong 9 suppos+--if !y did suppose x--t ,*ri/ 0 to come 9 _! day 9 ! air1 9 an outw>d physical fa%ion1 ) an outw>d noise1 mak+ a great demon/ration to ! s5ses ( sight & he>+4 ,*ri/ nev] came s1 & he nev] w come s4 ,! only com+ ( ,*ri/ possible is spiritual com+1 = ,*ri/ is _s4 ,he did come1 !re=e1 9 ! days ( ! apo/les1 9 ! great access ( fai? & p[] 9 _! own s\ls1 & 9 ! s\ls ( ^? :om !y conv]t$4 ,he came 9 p[] & great glory1 :5 8 tru? came to human m9ds1 & 8 love to human he>ts4 ,he s5t 8 angels !n1 & ga!r$ 8 elect f ! f\r qu>t]s ( ! heav5s4 ,:5 ,paul 0 conv]t$1 ,*ri/ came to him2 :5 ! negro *amb]la9 ( ! ,que5 ( ,e?iopia 0 conv]t$1 ,*ri/ came to him2 :5 ! p ( ,ephesus & ,cor9?1 ,philippi & ,rome1 7 conv]t$1 ,*ri/ came to !m4 ,! trumpet s\nd$1 b x 0 9 _! s\ls t x s\nd$2 ! angels summon$ ! elect1 b ^! angels 7 ! convictions s5t into _! reason1 & ! long+s awak5$ 9 _! he>ts4 ,mat]iali/s & ,lit]ali/s are always ! same4 ,! apo/les soon rose out ( _! lit]alism1 & soon spoke ( ,*ri/ z be+ reveal$ )9 !m1 n outside ( !m2 dwell+1 n 9 ! air1 b 9 _! he>ts4 ,b lit]ali/s1 d[n to ?is day1 h always imag9$ ! com+ ( ,*ri/ to be to ! s5ses1 r ?an to ! s\l4 ,!y d n see t a great noise 9 ! air is n s glori\s a ?+ z a voice he>d 9 ! dep?s ( ! he>t1 & a great outw>d conflagration someh[ seems to !m m impos+ ?an ! burn+ up ( falsehood & s9 9 ! _w4 ,s we are always he>+ p pr$ict t ,*ri/ is to come 9 #ahdf1 or #ahef1 or #ahff1 mean+ !reby t !y expect "s great outw>d ev5t !n1 visible to eyes & e>s4 8,fools1 & sl[ ( he>t10 n to see t ! only possible com+ ( ,him :o is _s & love is a com+ 9 ! s\l1 & t he has come1 & is com+1 & is to come m & m abundantly1 f day to day4 ,s !y read ab\t ! heav5s & e>? be+ burn$ up1 & ( a new heav5s & e>?2 & !y imag9e t ! sky is someh[ to be burn$ ) mat]ial fire1 & ! surface ( ! e>? to s9k into ! flam+ abyss b5ea? u4 ,b if ?is %\ld happ51 t w\ld h no?+ to d ) ! com+ ( ,*ri/4 ,! heav5s & e>? :i* he consumes ) ! brea? ( 8 m\?1 & de/roys ) ! brightness ( 8 com+1 are ! religions & moralities1 ! in/itutions & works1 ( m54 ,& ! new heav5s & new e>? :i* take _! place are ! high]1 nobl]1 pur] religions & moralities :i* fl[ out ( ! ,_s ( ,*ri/4 #d4 ,exam9ation ( ! ,acc\nt ( ,*ri/'s ,com+ giv5 by ,jesus 9 ,mat!w 7*apt]s #bd-bf74 ,a great difficulty 9 reg>d to ! com+ ( ,*ri/ is to comb9e 9 "o view ! diff]5t notions giv5 9 ,scripture conc]n+ x4 ,_m ( ^! ideas indicate t ! com+ ( ,*ri/ took place at ! de/ruction ( ,j]usalem1 z1 = example1 ! description ( w>s1 de/ruction ( ! ,temple1 & especially ! decl>ation t 8?is g5]ation %all n pass away till all ^! ?+s be fulfill$40 ,on ! o!r h&1 ! com+ ( ,*ri/ is expressly connect$1 9 our translation1 ) 8! end ( ! _w10 & ) ! g5]al judgm5t4 ,h5ce a difficulty 9 int]pret+ ^! passages1 "s p]sons ?9k+ t ! com+ ( ,*ri/ took place at ! de/ruction ( ,j]usalem2 o!rs ?9k+ t x is yet to take place at ! end ( ! _w2 o!rs1 aga91 ma9ta9+ two or m com+s ( ,*ri/2 & o!rs spiritualiz+ ! :ole ( x1 & mak+ x mean ! spread ( ! _s ( ,*ri/ianity4 ,let u1 !re=e1 exam9e ! passage 9 :i* ,*ri/'s com+ is spok5 (1 & endeavor to f9d its natural & obvi\s mean+1 & s see h[ f> ! common ,or?odox conception is correct4 ,! subject is n unimportant4 ,sev]al *apt]s 9 ! ,gospel ( ,mat!w 7#bd-bf7 are devot$ to ! description ( ?is ev5t4 ,all ( ! ,epi/les conta9 frequ5t allusions to x4 ,! apo/les unque/ionably expect$ ,*ri/'s com+ 9 _! day1 & !y _h a "r to d s1 inasmu* z ,jesus himself _h di/9ctly said t _! g5]ation w\ld n pass away till all 0 fulfill$4 ,& 9 ! ma9 fact !y 7 n mi/ak51 h[ev] !y may h be5 deceiv$1 z we h be=e said1 9 tak+ too outw>d a view ( ! att5d+ circum/ances4 ,= if ,*ri/'s com+ did n take place 9 _! day1 n only 7 !y !mselves mi/ak5 on a mo/ important po9t1 b ,jesus 0 mi/ak5 likewise4 ,"s ( ! o!r po9ts 9 ! description ( ?is ev5t are ^!3 ,*ri/'s com+ 0 to be l t ( ! ?ief 9 ! night--t is1 x 0 to be unexpect$1 & to take m5 unprep>$4 ,x 0 to be prec$$ by w>s1 commotions1 & mis]y 9 e =m2 prec$$ also by ! prea*+ ( ! tru? 9 _m l&s4 ,x 0 to be z difficult to locate ,*ri/ at 8 com+1 z to fix ! lightn+1 :i* comes out ( ! ea/ & %9es to ! we/4 ,x 0 to be att5d$ ) great spiritual d>kness1 ev5 9 ! m9ds ( ! wise & good4 ,! sun1 & moon1 & />s ( ! moral _w 7 to be d>k5$1 & ! p[]s ( ! heav5s to be %ak52 & ( t5 virg9s1 all go+ toge!r to meet ! bridegroom1 half w\ld be f\nd spiritually asleep :5 he came4 ,*ri/'s com+ w\ld be especially judgm5t & puni%m5t4 ,he w\ld "p ! %eep f ! goats4 ,he w\ld consume ) ! brightness ( 8 com+ ! man ( s94 ,su* are "s ( ! traits ) :i* ! com+ ( ,jesus is describ$ by himself & by 8 apo/les4 ,h[ are ^! to be reconcil$ ) ! facts1 & :at 0 8 com+8 ,! be/ way to get at ! facts is to beg9 at ! beg9n+1 & ask :at ! disciples meant :5 !y ask$ = ! signs ( ,*ri/'s com+4 ,!y 7 sitt+ ) ,jesus on ! ,m\nt ( ,olives1 look+ across ! valley betwe51 at ! ,temple4 ,!y saw & admir$ ! gorge\s magnific5ce ( ?is va/ edifice t[]+ be=e !m1 :ite ) m>ble & yell[ ) gold1 aga9/ ! deep blue sky ( t sunny l&1 & z !y admir$ x1 ,jesus told !m t e /one ( t div9e /ructure %\ld be ca/ d[n4 ,& !n !y ask$1 8,:5 %all ^! ?+s be8 & :at %all be ! signs ( ?y com+1 & ( ! end ( ! _w80 ,:at 0 ! connection1 9 _! m9ds1 betwe5 ! ?ree ev5ts8 ,:y %\ld !y h at once inf]r$ t ! de/ruction ( ! ,temple 0 to take place at ! com+ ( ,*ri/1 & t ! com+ ( ,*ri/ 0 to take place at ! end ( ! _w8 ,!re 0 no connection at all1 accord+ to ! common notions on ?is subject4 ,if ! com+ ( ,*ri/ 0 to be a great outw>d manife/ation 9 ! sky1 to take place long aft] 8 dea?1 aft] ! lapse ( ?\s&s ( ye>s1 & at ! de/ruction ( ! visible univ]se1 :at _h t to d ) ! ,jewi% ,temple8 or1 inde$1 :at _h t to d ) any ( _! ideas conc]n+ _! ,ma/]8 ,b ! notion 9 _! m9ds1 :5 !y ask$ ! "q1 0 some?+ v diff]5t2 n ! pres5t ,*ri/ian idea1 b ! usual ,jewi% idea4 ,!y spoke z ,jews1 out ( ! notions ( _! day4 ,*ri/ answ]$ :at 0 9 _! m9ds1 n :at is 9 ours4 ,if we wi% to "k :at he meant1 we mu/ place ourselves on _! /&-po9t1 look out ( _! eyes1 & li/5 ) _! e>s4 ,! com+ ( ,*ri/ _h a v di/9ct mean+ to ! ,jewi% m9d4 ,x meant ! manife/ation ( ! ,messiah1 z su*4 ,x meant 8 com+ to reign z k+4 ,x meant 8 manife/ation 9 ,judea1 9 ,j]usalem1 z ! great ,son ( ,david1 & ! submission ( ! ,jews1 & ,g5tiles ) !m1 to 8 au?ority4 ,! disciples ( ,jesus1 believ+ him to be ! ,*ri/1 believ$ t he 0 to come z su*4 ,he _h come z ,prophet1 z ,tea*]1 z a work] ( b5efic5t miracles1 b he _h n yet come z ,*ri/1 z ,k+4 ,!y 7 n ask+ ab\t any second com+ aft] 8 dea? & resurrection1 = !y did n believe t he 0 to die4 ,!y 7 ask+ = 8 pres5t triumphant manife/ation & inve/iture z ! ,messiah4 ,nor 7 !y ask+--z our translators make !m ask--= 8! end ( ! _w40 ,b !y 7 ask+ = ! end ( ! age--t is1 ( ! fir/ age4 ,we h said t ! ,jews divid$ all "t into two great p]iods2 "o ! age prec$+ ! ,messiah1 ! o!r ! age ( ! ,messiah4 ,! fir/ 0 call$ ?is age1 or ! pres5t age2 ! o!r ! com+ age4 ,! end ( ! fir/ p]iod & beg9n+ ( ! second 7 call$ ! ends ( ! age2 z :]e ,paul says1 8,^! are writt5 = our admonition1 ^u :om ! ends ( ! _w are come20 & :]e he says t ,*ri/ has 8n[ once appe>$ 9 ! end ( ! _w to put away s940 ,^! 7 ! ideas ( ! ,jews1 z we "k f hi/ory4 ,:51 !re=e1 ,*ri/ spoke ( ! ov]?r[ ( ! ,temple1 !y inf]r$ t he 0 speak+ ( ! beg9n+ ( ! ,messianic age2 s9ce ! ,temple w\ld n be ov]?r[n :ile ! ,jewi% !ocratic & ,levitical gov]nm5t cont9u$4 ,n[1 z ! ,jewi% age did come to an end at ! de/ruction ( ,j]usalem1 & ,*ri/ianity1 z ! univ]sal religion1 took ! place ( ,judaism 9 ! education ( ! human race1 ?is really 0 ! com+ ( ! ,messiah & ! end ( ! age4 ,we und]/&1 !re=e1 ,*ri/ to h be5 really speak+ ( 8 com+1 z an ev5t soon to take place1 & :i* did soon take place1 :51 at ! de/ruction ( ,j]usalem1 ! ,jewi% ,*ri/ians 7 scatt]$ ?r\gh ! _w1 & ,*ri/ianity took its place z a univ]sal religion47#dd7 ,if ?is exhau/$ ! mean+ ( ! idea1 x w\ld be ( v little int]e/ to u4 ,b ! cont5ts ( ! passage are m ri* & full2 &1 l mo/ ( ,*ri/'s say+s1 besides its pres5t & imm$iate application1 x has m univ]sal & f>-rea*+ mean+s4 ,! pr9ciples ( ,*ri/ianity :i* 7 manife/$ !n1 cont9ue to be manife/$ 9 o!r =ms to-day4 ,jesus said on "o occasion1 8,! h\r is com+1 & n[ is1 :5 all t are 9 _! graves %all he> ! voice ( ! ,son ( man40 ,& on ano!r occasion1 8,! h\r is com+1 & n[ is1 :5 ! true wor%ipp]s %all wor%ip ! ,fa!r40 ,! h\r _h come 9 its fir/ manife/ation1 b 0 to come aga9 9 o!r & ri*] manife/ations ( ! same pr9ciple4 ,s ,*ri/ himself came z ,k+ at ! tak+ ( ,j]usalem1 b has come s9ce1 aga9 & aga91 m pla9ly & fully1 9 o!r triumphs ( 8 tru?1 9 o!r manife/ations ( 8 p[]4 ,we believe t ! com+ ( ,*ri/ took place at ! de/ruction ( ,j]usalem4 ,we believe t x has tak5 place s9ce1 9 o!r hi/orical ev5ts4 ,we believe t x is to take place m fully h]eaft]1 9 ?is life & 9 ! o!r life4 ,let u look & consid] h[ ?is may be4 #e4 ,com+ ( ,*ri/ 9 ,human ,hi/ory at diff]5t ,times4 ,z we look back ?r\gh ! eighte5 c5turies ( ,*ri/ian hi/ory1 we c obs]ve _m ev5ts :i* may n[ be se5 to h be5 ea* a com+ ( ,*ri/4 ,:51 at ! de/ruction ( ,j]usalem1 ! ,mosaic !ocracy w5t d[n be=e ! iron p[] ( ,rome1 amid ^? sc5es ( horror ! firme/ believ]s 9 ,*ri/ might h fe>$ only evil4 ,x seem$ to be ! ov]?r[ ( ev]y?+ mo/ sacr$--! triumph ( ,paganism ov] ! wor%ip ( ,jehovah4 ,yet :at 0 ! result8 ,jesus !n ceas$ to be ! ,jewi% ,messiah1 & began to reign ov] all nations z ! _w-tea*]1 ! ,son ( ,god1 ! prophet = mank9d4 ,s9ce !n1 m & m1 ! _w has gone to him z to its great ,ma/]4 ,?is1 !re=e1 0 a com+ ( ,*ri/4 ,look aga94 ,! e>ly c5turies are disgrac$ ) !ological w>s4 ,fi]ce conflicts are c>ri$ on ab\t ! ,tr9ity1 & ! rank ( ,jesus 9 ! univ]se4 ,all reg>d = ! pure1 div9e tru? ( ,*ri/ianity seems =gott5 9 ! fury ( ^! controv]sies4 ,yet1 nev]!less1 amid all ! absurdity & contradiction1 "o tru? em]ges1 ev]y:]e recogniz$--t 9 ,jesus 0 some?+ div9e2 t ,god 0 m fully manife/ 9 him ?an else:]e2 t he is ! moral image ( ! ,inf9ite ,"o4 ,?is is ano!r com+ ( ,*ri/4 ,he comes n[ n m]ely z a prophet1 b z ! reveal] ( div9e love & tru?1 9 8 own "*4 ,! !ological doctr9es1 9 :i* ?is tru? has be5 wrapp$1 are ! husks & %ells :i* ! _w w ?r[ away4 ,b ?r\gh\t ,*ri/5dom ! idea ( ,god is d]iv$ f ! "* ( ,jesus1 & 9 ?is way ,jesus has come to rule ! he>ts ( m5 z _! div9e ,k+4 ,o!r c5turies pass$ by1 & we f9d new & /range ideas tak+ possession ( m5's m9ds4 ,a horror ( life1 a dread ( ! s9s ( ! _w1 drive m5 into ! des]t1 to live z h]mits & an*orites4 ,?\s&s & t5s ( ?\s&s ( monks )drew f ! _w into ! wild]ness4 ,all ,*ri/ianity appe>$ to be *ang+ into a new =m ( hea!ni%1 self-inflict$ torture4 ,its bless$ humanity1 its g5ial influ5ces on social life1 seem$ to be fa/ disappe>+4 ,nev]!less1 out ( all ?is error "o tru? em]g$1 "o ,*ri/ian idea 0 develop$--t ( self-discipl9e & self-culture4 ,& 9 ! developm5t ( ?is idea ,*ri/ came to reign ov] ! individual s\l z its ,ma/]1 ,guide1 & ,r$eem] f all s94 ,aft] ?is arose ! ,papacy4 ,! ,*ur*1 z a p[]ful in/itution1 became ambiti\s to rule ! /ate & ! _w4 ,a spiritual despotism appe>$1 surr\nd+ itself ) e>?ly spl5dor1 grasp+ ! sword ( e>?ly p[]1 & ! f>!/ remov$ f ! humble & g5tle _s ( its ,ma/]4 ,x w\ld tol]ate no opposition to its w1 9 high places or l[4 ,x hurl$ its ?und]s at ! head ( k+s1 & s5t crusad+ armies to p]secute & torture ! peasants ( ! ,pi$mont valleys4 ,no?+ c\ld seem m full ( ! _s ( ,anti*ri/ ?an ?is spiritual despotism embodi$ 9 ! ,papacy4 ,& yet1 ev5 ?r\gh ?is evil !re 0 develop$ a tru?--t !re 0 some?+ 9 ! _w high] ?an k+s1 great] ?an ! /ate4 ,papacy1 ) all its evils1 0 a /&+ pro(1 9 an age ( brute =ce1 ( ! supremacy ( m9d ov] matt]4 ,s t1 ev5 "h1 ! pride & selfi%ness ( ! prie/s & ! popes h be5 ov]rul$1 9 ! provid5ce ( ,god1 to give asc5d5cy to a ,*ri/ian idea1 & to cause ,*ri/ to come z ! ,k+ ( ! _w4 ,consid] ano!r important ev5t 9 ! hi/ory ( ,europe3 ! conv]sion ( ! b>b>\s tribes to ,*ri/ianity4 ,:5 ! nations ( ! nor? p\r$ f ! =e/s ( ,g]many & ! des]ts ( ,sc&9avia ov] ! ,roman empire1--:5 ,go?s & ,v&als1 ,franks1 ,lomb>ds1 & ,normans1 qu5*$ ! light ( civilization & br\ght ! d>k ages ov] ,europe1--h[ t]rible seem$ ! gloom1 & h[ hopeless ! prospects1 ( ! human race6 ,b we n[ see ! result 9 mod]n civilization4 ,we see all ^! diff]5t nations subdu$ by ! p[] ( ,*ri/ianity1 & a new unity1 a high] h>mony1 z ! result4 ,we see ! great idea ( ! unity ( ! race1 ! h>mony ( nations1 result+ f all ?is d>kness & mis]y4 ,s ,*ri/ has come aga9 z ! ,pr9ce ( ,peace1 break+ d[n ! p>tition walls1 & proclaim+ a bro!rhood ( man4 ,let u look at "o m ev5t ( hi/ory--! ,lu!ran ,re=mation4 ,:at evils att5d$ x6 ,:at w>s came out ( x6 ,h[ has ! impulse to fre$om giv5 by ,lu!r deg5]at$ into lic5ti\sness1 run out 9 infidelity & unbelief6 ,& yet1 :5 we consid] ! ideas ( p]sonal responsibility & individual indep5d5ce :i* h be5 born ( x1--:5 we consid] :at an impulse x has giv5 to ?\ght1 to free inquiry1 to e>ne/ inve/igation ( tru?1 all ! results ( ?is fruitful pr9ciple1--we _c d\bt t ?is also 0 a com+ ( ,jesus1 ! unfold+ ( a new & high] p[] 9 ,*ri/ianity4 ,?us has ,*ri/ come f age to age1 & 9 ! mid/ ( app>5t failure1 increas+ error1 gr[+ unbelief1 & all =ms ( human wick$ness1 has acquir$ new p[] ov] ! human m9d4 ,at ! pres5t day he is m ! ,k+ ( ! _w ?an ev]4 ,:5 he seems to g1 !n he comes4 ,:5 iniquity mo/ ab\nds1 !n he is ne>e/4 ,:5 love gr[s cold 9 ! he>ts ( 8 disciples1 !n a new impulse ( fai? is ab\t to be giv54 ,:5 false prophets rise up & deceive _m1 !n new *ampions ( ! tru? are ne> at h&4 ,*ri/ comes amid w>s & p]secutions4 ,he comes unexpect$ly1 l ! ?ief 9 ! night2 comes )\t obs]vation2 & :ile m5 say1 8,lo1 "h60 & 8,lo1 !re60 ! k+dom ( heav5 is 9 ! mid/ ( !m4 ,he is n to be f\nd 9 ! des]t1 nor 9 ! secret *amb]s2 nei!r 9 public nor private2 locat$ nei!r 9 ?is nor t p>ticul> place2 inc>nate nei!r 9 ?is nor t p>ticul> p]son4 ,b ,*ri/ comes l ! lightn+1 se5 ov] ! :ole heav5 at once1 9 a new _s p]vad+ all p>ts ( life1 all p>ts ( society4 #f4 ,relation ( ! ,p>able ( ! ,virg9s1 & ( ! ,tal5ts1 to ,*ri/'s ,com+4 ,we n[ see :at is meant by ! p>able ( ! fooli% & wise virg9s1 & ( ! tal5ts1 :i* foll[s x4 ,we see _! application to ?is description ( ,*ri/'s com+4 ,if ! com+ ( ,*ri/ be ?us unexpect$1 he w n be recogniz$ by ! sleep+ s]vant1 nor by ^? :o beat _! fell[-s]vants4 ,slo?ful ,*ri/ians :o make no ef=t to improve1 p]secut+ ,*ri/ians :o sp5d _! "t 9 d5\nc+ h]etics1 & say+1 8,my ,"l delaye? 8 com+10 nev] und]/& ! signs ( ! times1 nor recognize any new influx ( div9e light 9 ! _w4 ,at ea* new com+ ( ,*ri/ ^? :o h be5 fai?ful are rew>d$ by m light4 ,to ^? :o h1 %all be giv51 & ! fai?less lose :at !y _h be=e4 ,f him :o ha? n1 %all be tak5 away ev5 :at he seems to h4 ,! capacity ( see+ ,*ri/ :5 he comes1 ( recogniz+ him 9 any new manife/ation ( tru?1 dep5ds on 8 previ\s fidelity4 #g4 ,relation ( ! ,acc\nt ( ! ,judgm5t by ! ,messiah1 9 ,matt4 *4 #be1 to 8 ,com+4 ,b :at is meant by ! judgm5t describ$ 9 ! #be? *apt] ( ,mat!w1 comm5c+1 8,:5 ! ,son ( man %all come 9 8 glory1 & all ! angels ) him1 !n %all he sit ^u ! ?rone ( 8 glory1 & be=e him %all be ga!r$ all nations1 & he %all sep>ate !m "o f ano!r1 z a %eph]d divide? ! %eep f ! goats40 ,?is /&s 9 su* close connection ) :at goes be=e1 t _m ref] ?is also to ! de/ruction ( ,j]usalem4 ,b ! moral mean+ is s prom95t1 t o!rs apply x entirely to ! f9al judgm5t 9 ! future life4 ,! difficulties on bo? sides disappe> if we reflect t ! pr9ciples :i* gov]n ?is life & ! next are id5tical--t :e!r ,*ri/ came at ,j]usalem1 comes to-day1 or comes 9 ! future life1 ! laws ( ,*ri/ian retribution are ! same4 ,:]ev] ,*ri/ judges m51 ! %eep g to ! "r1 & ! goats to ! left4 ,! g5]\s1 humane1 & dis9t]e/$ he> always ! words1 8,come1 ye bless$ ( my ,fa!r2 inh]it ! k+dom prep>$ = y f ! f\ndation ( ! _w40 ,! judgm5t 9 ?is _w1 x may be1 is only he>d 9 ! dep?s ( ! s\l4 ,x may be t no o!r mortal kn[s ( x4 ,/ill x is ! voice ( ,*ri/ :i* speaks4 ,/ill x is ! real k+dom :i* !y inh]it4 ,! judgm5t 9 ! future life1 may be or may n be1 be=e assembl$ multitudes :om no man c numb]1 & ! k+dom !n inh]it$ may be "o %>$ ) ! angels1 & ext5d+ ov] worlds4 ,/ill ! s5t5ce is ! same 9 bo? cases4 ,! judgm5t ( ,*ri/ is "o 9 all worlds4 ,x 01 & is1 & %all be4 ,jesus ,*ri/ is ! same ye/]day1 to-day1 & =ev]4 ,x may be said1 ?is is to make ! com+ ( ,*ri/ m]ely figurative--! com+ ( ideas & pr9ciples only2 only ! com+ ( 8 religion2 & ?is is b an invisible ab/raction4 ,we reply1 t accord+ to our view1 ,*ri/ianity _c be conceiv$ ( z an ab/raction1 ap>t f ! p]son ( ,jesus1 nor c 8 religion come unless he comes ) x4 ,jesus is ) u always1 9 ! _w always1 & none ! less really1 because invisibly4 ,x is no figure ( spee* to say t ,*ri/ is ) 8 ,*ur*1 & ) 8 tru?2 t :]e x goes1 he goes2 t :5 he comes1 x comes4 ,x may ev5 be t 8 pres5ce w n always be an invisible "o4 ,x may be t :at we n[ believe1 we %all "o day see & "k4 ,b !n ^? only w recognize _! ,ma/]'s pres5ce :o are awake & wat*+ = him4 ,to ! o!rs x w seem a m]e illusion or en?usiasm4 #h4 ,h[ ,*ri/ is1 & h[ he is n1 to judge ! ,_w4 ,9 "s places ,jesus says t he is made ,judge ( mank9d1 & 9 o!r places d5ies t he is to judge any "o4 ,take1 = example1 ! foll[+ passages1 select$ because !y seem to contradict ea* o!r4 ,!y are all 9 ! ,gospel ( ,john1 & !re=e ! contradiction is n 9 ! diff]5t limitations or special misconceptions ( ! diff]5t evangeli/s4 ,! passages are1 ,john #c3ag2 #i3ci2 #e3bb2 #h3ae2 #ab3dg4 ,! fir/ is z foll[s3 8,= ,god s5t n 8 ,son into ! _w to condemn ! _w1 b t ! _w ?r\gh him might be sav$40 ,! ^w "h translat$ 8condemn0 is precisely ! same z t :i* else:]e is translat$ 8judge40 ,consequ5tly we %\ld "h read t ,god s5t ,*ri/ into ! _w1 n to judge ! _w1 b to save x4 ,b ! next text ref]r$ to 7,john #i3ci7 is "o 9 :i* ,jesus says1 8,= judgm5t h ,i come into ! _w1 t !y :i* see n may see1 & t !y :i* see might be made bl9d40 ,aga9 79 ,john #e3bb7 x is said1 t 8! ,fa!r judge? no man1 b ha? committ$ all judgm5t unto ! ,son40 ,b 9 ! foll[+ passage 7,john #h3ae7 ,jesus says1 8,ye judge aft] ! fle%4 ,i judge no man40 ,& 9 ! la/ text he repeats ! same idea4 8,& if any man he> my words & believe n1 ,i judge him n2 = ,i came n to judge ! _w1 b to save ! _w40 ,we h1 !re=e1 9 ^! passages1 ?is app>5t contradiction--t ! ,savi\r seems 9 "s places to decl>e t he is to judge ! _w1 & 9 o!rs t he is n to judge ! _w4 ,we !re=e %all d well to inquire h[ ^! are to be und]/ood1 & 9 :at way at all !y are to be reconcil$ ) ea* o!r1 & ) ! common ,or?odox doctr9e conc]n+ judgm5t4 ,& "h we may rem>k1 9 pass+1 t !re are _m su* seem+ contradictions z ^! 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t1 & t to ! /ud5t ( ! ,gospels1 :o is a s9c]e seek] ( tru?1 !y are v preci\s & valuable4 ,su* a "o is always glad at f9d+ /atem5ts 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t :i* ?us appe> oppos$ to ea* o!r2 = he kn[s1 by exp]i5ce1 t !y are ! v passages f :i* he may le>n ! mo/1 & :]e he w be likely to f9d "s hi!rto unnotic$ tru? conc]n+ ,*ri/ or 8 gospel4 ,su* tru?1 h[ev]1 w n be f\nd if he attempts to remove ! contradiction by any artificial1 ha/y1 or =c$ process4 ,if 8 object is m]ely to f9d pro(-texts 9 support ( ! doctr9es he already believes1 su* p>adoxes w af=d him no?+ b b>r5 difficulties1 & a sph]e = ! ex]cise ( sophi/ry & misplac$ +5uity4 ,b if he c be> to admit 8 ignorance1 & is will+ to exam9e ^! difficulties 9 ord] to correct 8 own errors1 enl>ge 8 own views1 & le>n some?+ really new1 he w (t5 f9d "h ! clew to deep] insight & to a l>g] k4 ,:at1 !n1 is ! explanation ( ^! passages8 ,9 :at way is ,*ri/ to judge8 ,h[ is x t he has come into ?is _w = judgm5t8 & h[ has ! ,fa!r committ$ all judgm5t unto ! ,son8 & h[1 nev]!less1 c be say1 8,i judge no man2 = ,i came n to judge ! _w08 ,*ri/'s com+ 0 simply to d good2 to make m5 bett]2 to save !m f _! s9s2 to reveal p>don2 to (f] salvation2 to manife/ ,god's love4 8,! law 0 giv5 by ,moses1 b grace & tru? came by ,jesus ,*ri/40 ,x is ! law1 & n ! gospel1 :i* judges & condemns ! evil-do]4 ,! law giv5 by ,moses1 or ! law giv5 9 ! consci5ce1 9 ! reason1 9 ! nature ( ?+s1 writt5 on ! face ( nature1 writt5 9 ! s\l ( man1--?is law has n be5 made m /rict by ! com+ ( ,*ri/4 ,m5 7 b\nd be=e1 by ! law ( nature & ! law ( ,moses1 to love ,god ) all _! he>t1 & _! neighbor z !mselves2 & !y are n b\nd to d m n[4 ,!y 7 b\nd by nature & reason to obey _! consci5ce1 to d ! be/ !y c\ld always1 & !y are n b\nd to d any m n[4 ,! :ole influ5ce ( ! gospel is a b\ntiful & graci\s "o1 int5d$ & adapt$ to make x easi] to d "r1 to add new motives to virtue4 ,*ri/ is no /rict1 sev]e judge1 decid+ by ! lett] ( ! law1 b\nd by 8 (fice to %[ no favor or compassion1 b ! s9n]'s advocate & fri5d4 ,& h5ce x may truly be said t he came n to judge ! _w1 b to save ! _w4 ,nev]!less1 x is also true t ! greate/ bless+s & ! be/ gifts ( ,god are also judgm5ts4 ,!y te/ ! "*4 ,!y %[ :at x is4 ,accord+ to ! /ate ( m9d & he>t 9 :i* a man is1 s does he receive1 or reject1 or neglect ! (f]$ good4 ,if he loves light1 he comes to ! light4 ,if he loves d>kness1 he goes away4 ,if 8 de$s are good1 he gratefully receives any revelation :i* br+s him ne>] to ,god4 ,if 8 de$s are evil1 he rejects su* revelation1 avoids x1 dislikes ! ?\ght ( x4 ,s x necess>ily is t ! be/ & k9de/ ( m5 :o wi%es only to d good to all1 nev]!less1 by 8 v pres5ce & 8 (f]s ( good1 judges & condemns ! wick$4 ,b :at are ! judgm5t & ! s5t5ce8 ,simply ?is--t light has come into ! _w1 & t !y h *os5 d>kness r ?an light1 because _! de$s are evil4 ,!re=e x 0 necess>ily ! case t ! com+ ( ,jesus into ! _w 0 a judgm5t1 & t ?\gh he ev]y:]e w5t ) ! purpose ( sav+ & bless+ m51 yet t he necess>ily 0 also a judge4 ,! ?\ghts ( _m he>ts 7 reveal$ by 8 pres5ce4 ,! pure 9 he>t came to him 9 humility1 p5it5ce1 & fai?4 ,! pr\d 9 he>t1 ! self-will$1 ! self-righte\s1 turn$ away f him1 & s judg$ !mselves unwor?y ( receiv+ 8 tru?4 ,! ,galilean peasants1 ! common p1 he>d him gladly4 ,! ,scribes & ,ph>isees murmur$ aga9/ him & reject$ him4 ,?is 0 really a judgm5t on bo?3 ! %eep w5t to ! "r h&1 & ! goats to ! left4 ,?us x is a law ( human nature t all high tru? by its com+ judges m51 & %[s by its influ5ce ^u !m :at is _! real /ate4 ,& 9 ?is way1 z ,*ri/'s tru? 0 ! highe/ ( all1 s he 01 & is1 a judge 9 ! highe/ s5se4 ,b ?is is n q all4 ,! com+ ( su* tru? n only %[s ! good & evil :i* are 9 m51 b x develops !m1 br+s !m out1 increases ! good1 increases also ! evil4 ,x is necess>ily s2 x _c be o!rwise4 ,:5 good comes to u1 if x does n make u bett]1 x makes u worse4 ,tru? & goodness are l ! magnet4 ,!y h two poles4 ,!y attract & !y repel4 ,?us x 0 writt5 t ! com+ ( ,jesus w\ld be = ! fall or ! ris+ ( _m4 ,?us he said1 8,= judgm5t ,i h come into ! _w1 t ^? :i* see n may see1 & t ^? :o see may be made bl9d40 ,pet] 0 made bett]1 ,judas 0 made worse1 by be+ 9 ! company ( ,*ri/4 ,8 com+ 0 n only judgm5t1 b also rew>d & puni%m5t4 ,he came to ! fi%]m5 ( ,galilee3 !y 7 pure 9 he>t1 !y 7 lov]s ( tru? & goodness1 & 8 com+ trans=m$ !m into apo/les1 sa9ts1 & m>tyrs4 ,he came to ! ,scribes & ,ph>isees3 !y 7 n pure 9 he>t4 ,!y 7 pr\d ( _! position1 _! influ5ce1 _! piety1 & 8 com+ trans=m$ !m into murd]]s4 ,we are n[ prep>$ to decide :at is meant by ,jesus 9 say+ t he came to judge ! _w1 & yet t he came n to judge1 b to save4 ,x 0 n ! purpose ( 8 mission to judge4 ,! direct object ( 8 com+ 0 n to judge1 b to save2 b indirectly1 & z a matt] ( necessity1 "o ( ! consequ5ces ( 8 com+ 01 t m5 7 judg$ by ! ^w :i* he spoke1 by ! tru? :i* he manife/$1 by ! hol9ess ( 8 life1 by ! bliss :i* he (f]$1 & :i* !y reject$4 ,& yet x 0 true t he did n judge !m1 & t he did n mean to judge !m4 ,!y 7 already judg$ by _! own *oice & det]m9ation4 ,!re=e he says1 8,he :o believe? n on me is judg$ already1 because he ha? n believ$ on ! "n ( ! only begott5 ,son ( ,god40 ,x 0 n ! w ( ,*ri/1 b ! tru? itself1 :i* pron\nc$ ! s5t5ce ^u him4 8,! ^w t ,i h spok51 ! same %all judge him at ! la/ day40 ,& ?us x is said1 t ,god is ! ,judge ( all1 & yet aga91 t ! ,fa!r judge? no man1 b ha? committ$ all judgm5t unto ! ,son1 & ha? giv5 him au?ority to execute judgm5t also1 because he is ! ,son ( man4 ,! explanation is1 t m5 are judg$ by ! tru?4 ,b ?is tru? is n ab/ract1 b ! tru? embodi$ 9 ! life & tea*+ ( ,jesus4 ,god does n come into ! _w himself to %[ m5 _! s9s1 b he embodies 8 tru? & hol9ess 9 ! life ( 8 ,son1 & s judges ! _w4 ,9 giv+ ?is explanation1 we h look$ /eadily at ! ess5tial ?+ 9 judgm5t4 ,we h reg>d$ ! sub/ance1 n ! =m4 ,if we ?9k ( judgm5t z some?+ outw>d1 ! judge seat$ on 8 ?rone1 ! crim9al /&+ be=e him1 & a =mal s5t5ce pron\nc$1 ( acquittal or condemnation1 we confess t we %\ld f9d x difficult to reconcile ^! diff]5t passages ( ,scripture1 "s ( :i* decl>e t ,*ri/ is to be ! judge1 & o!rs t he is n to be4 ,b :at is ! ess5tial ?+ 9 judgm5t8 ,x is t ju/ice %all be done1 & t tru? & "r %all be v9dicat$2 t ! good %all be rew>d$1 & ! wick$ puni%$2 t virtue & tru? %all be se5 & recogniz$ 9 ! consci5ces ( m5 = :at !y are4 ,?is is ! ess5tial ?+4 ,h[ ?is is done1 :e!r 9 an op5 tribunal1 be=e ! assembl$ univ]se1 or 9 ! secret places ( e man's s\l1 belongs n to ! ess5ce1 b to ! =m1 & is comp>atively unimportant4 #i4 ,:5 ,*ri/'s ,judgm5t takes ,place4 ,nev]!less1 !re is a m important "q to be answ]$ 9 relation to ! "t ( judgm5t4 ,:5 is ! judgm5t8 ,= x may be ?\ght1 f :at we h said1 t we consid] judgm5t z tak+ place only 9 ?is _w4 ,b su* is n ! fact4 ,*ri/'s judgm5ts take place at ,*ri/'s com+1 :e!r "h or h]eaft]4 ,:5ev] ,*ri/ comes1 he comes to judge4 ,8 fir/ com+1 9 ,judea1 0 a judgm5t2 & he said1 8,n[ is ! judgm5t ( ! _w40 ,8 com+ judg$ all ^? :o 7 ne> him2 reveal$ ! /ate ( _! m9ds & he>ts2 %[$ !m :at !y 74 ,:]ev] he w5t1 m5 arrang$ !mselves at once accord+ to _! real *>act]s1 & ! ?\ghts ( _m he>ts 7 reveal$4 ,x is true t p at t day did n und]/& t !y 7 ?us condemn+ !mselves4 ,!y did n "k t ! awful judgm5t ( ,god 0 be+ pron\nc$ ^u !m2 t !y 7 /&+ be=e 8 b> 9 ! pres5ce ( angels4 ,!y did n "k t ! day ( judgm5t _h come1 & t !y 7 giv+ an acc\nt ( e idle ^w ev5 !n4 ,b s x 04 ,:5 !y sc(f$ at ,jesus & said1 8,he is a glutton\s man & a w9e-bibb]10 !y may h =gott5 _! words almo/ be=e !y left _! m\?s4 ,b !re !y /&1 record$ aga9/ !m =ev]--an ev]la/+ pro( ( _! bl9dness ( m9d & _! h>dness ( he>t4 ,:5 ! p5it5t woman br\ght ! o9tm5t & ano9t$ ! feet ( ,jesus1 & ba!d !m ) h] te>s1 little did %e ?9k t x 0 h] day ( judgm5t also1 & t ! approv+ s5t5ce ( h] act w\ld be read by angels 9 heav5 & c\ntless myriads on e>?4 ,none ( !m knew t x 0 a judgm5t !n2 b x 0 s4 ,b 0 t ! only judgm5t8 ,no2 = :5ev] ,jesus comes1 he comes to judge2 & s9ce t1 8 fir/ com+1 he has come aga9 & aga9 to individuals & to ! _w1 & e com+ has be5 a new judgm5t on ! /ate ( ! human m9d & he>t4 ,x has !re=e be5 well said1 t ! hi/ory ( ! _w is ! judgm5t ( ! _w4 ,& x is always true t ?is judgm5t is n und]/ood :5 x is pron\nc$1 b is se5 & recogniz$ aft]w>ds4 ,x is s ) individuals2 x is s ) communities4 ,:o is !re :o1 9 look+ back ov] 8 pa/ life1 does n witness _m an h\r 9 :i* ! tru? has come to him1 & he refus$ to admit x1 & s s5t5c$ himself to receive a lie8 9 :i* he has _h opportunities ( improvem5t1 opportunities ( do+ good1 & has refus$ to accept !m1 & s ! tal5t has be5 tak5 f him & giv5 to ano!r4 ,?is is ! judgm5t--t light has come into ! _w1 & we h *os5 d>kness4 ,at ! "t we did n "k x3 bl9d$ by prejudice1 heat$ by passion1 we ru%$ recklessly on4 ,b soon] or lat] comes ! calm h\r ( recollection1 & we see ourselves z we are4 ,b is ?is judgm5t :i* takes place 9 ?is _w ! only "o8 ,x is unreasonable to ?9k s4 ,!re are1 9 fact1 two extreme views on ?is subject4 ,! views ( ^? :o say t all judgm5t is 9 ?is life1 & ! views ( ^? :o say t no judgm5t is 9 ?is life4 ,! ,new ,te/am5t tea*es t we are judg$ "h1 & t we are also judg$ h]eaft]4 ,! com+ ( ,*ri/ is "h1 & also h]eaft]2 & ! judgm5t :i* comm5c$ ) 8 fir/ com+ w n be complet$ till all ( u /& be=e ! judgm5t seat to give an acc\nt ( ! de$s done 9 ! body1 :e!r !y be good or evil4 8,x is appo9t$ unto m5 once to die1 b aft] ?is ! judgm5t40 ,!re is a judgm5t 9 ?is life1 & ano!r to come4 ,b ^? w be be/ prep>$ = t future judgm5t :o und]/& ! pres5t judgm5t4 ,"h is an example ( ! nature ( ! judgm5ts :i* take place 9 ?is _w4 ,9 ! ye> #afcc1 an old man 0 br\ght be=e ! ,c\rt ( ! ,inquisition1 consi/+ ( sev5 c>d9als ( ! ,roman ,ca?olic ,*ur*1 to he> a s5t5ce & to pron\nce a recantation4 ,! crime he _h committ$ 0 ! publication ( a book 9 ! =m ( a dialogue1 ma9ta9+ t ! sun /ood /ill1 & t ! e>? mov$2 :i* proposition ^! holy c>d9als pron\nc$ to be absurd1 false 9 philosophy1 & =mally h]etical1 see+ t x 0 expressly contr>y to ,holy ,scripture4 ,:]eupon !y call ^u him to abjure1 execrate1 & dete/ ^! errors & h]esies2 prohibit+ 8 book & condemn+ him to conf9em5t1 ) ! p5ance ( recit+ once a week1 = ?ree ye>s1 ! sev5 p5it5tial psalms4 ,& !reupon1 ?is man1 ,galileo ,galilei1 ( ! age ( sev5ty1 on 8 knees1 ) 8 h&s on ! ,gospels1 abjures 8 op9ion4 ,^! sev5 c>d9als ?\ght t !y 7 pron\nc+ s5t5ce on ,galileo & on ! ,cop]nican sy/em4 ,b1 9 reality1 !y pron\nc$ s5t5ce on !mselves & _! own *ur*4 ,!y put x ^u record =ev]1 t ! ,roman ,ca?olic ,*ur*1 claim+ to be infallible 9 matt]s ( fai?1 _h1 by its highe/ judicature1 decl>$ ! ,cop]nican sy/em a h]esy1 & ?us decl>$ its own claim to infallibility a lie4 ,?is 0 ! condemnation--t light _h come into ! _w1 & !y *ose d>kness r ?an light4 ,s x is :5ev] a new tru? comes into ! _w3 x attracts ! free-m9d$1 ! lov]s ( tru?2 x repels ^? b\nd by int]e/ or passion4 ,^? :o believe1 ) ,solomon1 t a liv+ dog is bett] ?an a dead lion1 leave beh9d !m ! pa/1 & ) op5 eyes g =w>d1 leav+ ! dead to bury ! dead4 ,^? :o *ange ! maxim1 & love a dead dog m ?an a liv+ lion1 turn _! backs to ! ea/ & to ! ris+ sun1 & hug _! mu*-lov$ errors to _! he>ts4 ,s ! tru? /&s 9 _! mid/1 awful 9 its beauty1 & judges !m--s5d+ away its foes1 draw+ its fri5ds to its embrace4 ,b x is n 9 ab/ract tru?1 :e!r ( sci5ce or !ology1 t ,*ri/ comes to u n[4 ,x is 9 ! tru? 9 its concrete %ape1 embodi$ 9 ! re=ms :i* ov]?r[ evil1 9 ! great moral improvem5ts :i* d away ) ! s9 & woe ( ! _w4 ,e new cause ( ?is sort p>ts ! %eep f ! goats1 & causes ! ?\ghts ( _m he>ts to be reveal$4 ,we d n mean to ass]t t all :o sympa?ize ) any p>ticul> re=matory measures1 or any p>ticul> re=matory p>ty1 are on ! side ( ,*ri/1 & all :o disapprove ^! measures1 or ?is p>ty1 are aga9/ him4 ,su* an ass]tion w\ld be ! sign ( ! n>r[e/ bigotry or ! mo/ fooli% ignorance ( human nature4 ,b we mean to say1 t :5 any great human & moral movem5t comes to r\se m5's m9ds to a great evil--su* z ! evil ( w>1 slav]y1 intemp]ance1 lic5ti\sness1 popul> ignorance1 paup]ism1 infidelity1 x is impossible = good m5 n to take an int]e/ 9 x1 & 9 _! own way to aid x4 ,if m5 neglect & ridicule su* movem5ts1 f9d fault ) all t is done1 & d no?+ !mselves1 !y %[ !reby t !y d n c>e s mu* = _! bro!r's happ9ess z = _! own ease & com=t4 ,9 ?is way x becomes true t 8,"s great cause1 ,god's new ,messiah1 (f]+ ea* ! bloom or blight1 ,p>ts ! goats ^u ! left h&1 p>ts ! %eep ^u ! "r1 ,& ! *oice goes by =ev] 'twixt t d>kness & ! light40 ,we read 9 ! book ( ,acts1 t aft] ,paul & ,b>nabas _h prea*$ ! gospel to ! ,jews 9 ,antio*1 ! ,g5tiles 7 int]e/$ also1 & great multitudes came toge!r to he> ! ^w ( ,god4 ,b :5 ! ,jews saw ! multitudes1 !y 7 fill$ ) envy1 & contradict$ ,paul & blasphem$4 ,!n ,paul & ,b>nabas wax$ bold1 & said1 8,x 0 necess>y t ! ^w ( ,god %\ld be fir/ prea*$ to y2 b s9ce y put x f y1 & judge y\rselves unwor?y ( et]nal life1 lo1 we turn to ! ,g5tiles40 ,a h>d judgm5t = a man to pron\nce on himself--t he is n wor?y ( et]nal life6 ,b d we n (t5 all d ! same8 ,*ri/ comes to u 9 ! =m ( a new tru?1 :i* w correct our errors & enl>ge our he>ts4 ,b lov+ our own little cre$ bett] ?an ! tru?1 we reject x )\t exam9ation1 & s judge ourselves unwor?y ( ! light1 /r5g?1 & peace x might be/[4 ,*ri/ comes aga9 9 "s opportunity ( usefulness to our neighbor4 ,b lov+ our own selfi% ease1 we excuse ourselves1 & s judge ourselves unwor?y ( ! happ9ess we %\ld enjoy 9 do+ ! k9d action4 ,he comes 9 "s deep conviction1 call+ u to a new life4 ,we feel t we ought to leave our frivolity1 & live = ,god & et]nity--live = :at is real & p]man5t4 ,b we /ifle ^! convictions1 & g back to our old lives1 & s judge t we are n wor?y to become ! fri5ds & fell[-work]s ( ,jesus1 & companions ( ! pure & good4 ,! great fea/ is ready1 & ! invitation is s5t to u1 & we1 ) "o cons5t1 beg9 to make excuse4 ,d we ?9k t 9 t mom5t we are /&+ be=e ! judgm5t seat ( ,god1 & pron\nc+ s5t5ce on ourselves8 ,x is our own he>t t condemns u1 & ,god1 & ,*ri/1 & ! ev]la/+ tru? ( ?+s mu/ confirm ! s5t5ce4 #aj4 ,paul's ,view ( ! ,judgm5t by ,*ri/4 ,:at 7 ! views ( ! apo/le ,paul conc]n+ a future judgm5t8 ,"o ( ! passages is 9 ,romans4 7#b3e-af47 ,9 ?is passage ,paul describes a day1 or "t1 :5 ,god %\ld judge & br+ to light ! secrets ( ! human he>t4 ,he ref]s probably to ! com+ ( ,*ri/1 z describ$ 9 ! tw5ty-fif? *apt] ( ,mat!w4 ,*ri/'s com+ is repres5t$ z 8t day0 ! 8day ( judgm5t10 z1 8x %all be m tol]able = ,sodom & ,gomorrah 9 ! day ( judgm5t40 ,x 0 n1 we h se51 z is commonly suppos$1 only a judgm5t 9 ! o!r _w aft] dea?1 b also a judgm5t 9 ?is _w4 ,x 0 n :5 we %\ld g to ,*ri/ 9 ! o!r _w1 b :5 ,*ri/ %\ld come to u 9 ?is _w4 ,x is spok5 ( z a p>ticul> day1 or "t1 &1 no d\bt1 x 0 ?\ght at fir/ by ,paul1 z by ! o!r apo/les1 t ! com+ ( ,*ri/ 0 to be sudd5 & outw>d--an impos+ visible transaction4 ,b1 gradually1 ,paul's views on ?is subject *ang$1 "u ! influ5ce ( a gr[+ spiritual insight4 ,at fir/ he int]prets lit]ally :at ,jesus says ( 8 com+4 ,b aft]w>ds1 9 8 lat] ,epi/les to ! ,ephesians & ,colossians1 he ceases to dwell on ! outw>d com+1 & speaks ( ! inw>d revelation ( ,*ri/ 9 ! he>t--speaks ( our n[ sitt+ 9 heav5ly places ) ,*ri/4 ,we may1 !re=e1 suppose t ! apo/le believ$ ! ess5ce ( ! judgm5t to be 9 ?is--t ei!r 9 ?is _w or ! next1 or bo?1 !re %all be a revelation ( ,god's tru? to ! s\l1 s t e s\l %all see itself z ,god sees x--see its own evil or good1 & s be rew>d$ or puni%$ by t sight4 ,?is idea is giv5 by ,jesus himself1 9 8 description ( ! judgm5t :i* 0 to take place be=e t g5]ation pass$ away--a judgm5t 9 :i* ! ,son ( man %\ld be seat$ on ! ?rone ( 8 glory1 ) all 8 angels1 & all nations be collect$ be=e him4 ,! judgm5t consi/s 9 %[+ to ! good1 t :5 !y did any?+ good to man1 !y did x to ,*ri/ & ,god2 & 9 %[+ to ! bad1 t :5 !y refus$ any?+ to _! poor bre?r5 9 want1 !y refus$ x to ,*ri/ & ,god4 ,! judgm5t is !re=e mak+ kn[n to ea* man 8 own real "*4 ,! consequ5ce ( t revelation is1 t "s m5 imm$iately g into spiritual happ9ess1 & o!rs into spiritual suff]+4 ,?is is ! sub/ance ( ! ,*ri/ian doctr9e ( judgm5t1 z taught 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t4 ,all else is accessory1 & belongs to ! rhetoric--is "p ( ! mise en scne2 b !re are two po9ts 9 ! views ( ! apo/le conc]n+ judgm5t1 :i* des]ve fur!r notice4 ,! fir/ is 9 #a ,cor4 #f3b1 :]e he says1 8,"k ye n t ! sa9ts %all judge ! _w80 & 7v]se #c71 8,"k ye n t we %all judge angels80 ,he speaks ( ?is z ( some?+ :i* !y already knew1 or at any rate c\ld "k2 some?+ l an axiom1 z :5 he says 7v]se #i71 8,"k ye n t ! unrighte\s %all n inh]it ! k+dom ( ,god80 or 7v]se #ai71 8,"k ye n t y\r body is ! temple ( ! ,holy ,_s80 ,?is notion is bas$ on ! idea ( ! unity ( ,*ri/ & 8 disciples4 ,*ri/ians are jo9t heirs ) ,*ri/4 ,:atev] ,*ri/ inh]its1 !y receive & %>e ) him4 ,if he judges ! _w1 & judges angels1 !y d ! same ) him1 because !y %>e 8 _s ( insight4 ,paul ?9ks ! ess5ce ( ,*ri/ianity to be s pr(\nd1 t ev5 ! angels1 desir+ to look into x1 may n h se5 x4 ,!re=e ,*ri/ians1 to ^: he>t ,god has reveal$ x by 8 ,_s1 may be able to set ! angels "r 9 "s matt]s4 ,b ?is does away ) ! notion ( a lit]al day ( judgm5t2 = we c h>dly imag9e ,*ri/ians to be assembl$ toge!r & seat$ on a ?rone by ! side ( ,*ri/1 9 ord] to judge ! _w4 ,"s millions ( ,*ri/ians seat$ on a local ?rone z judges1 ) millions ( m5 & angels /&+ be=e !m1 is an impossible picture4 ,! o!r po9t is ! passage 9 #a ,cor4 #aa3ca3 8,if we w\ld judge ourselves1 we %\ld n be judg$40 ,"h a pr9ciple seems to be laid d[n--t j s f> z we apply ,god's tru? to our own he>ts & consci5ces1 we d n ne$ to h x appli$ by ,god4 ,& ?is corresponds ) ! acc\nt ( ! judgm5t to :i* we h be=e ref]r$1 9 ! tw5ty-fif? *apt] ( ,mat!w4 ,^? :o are !re call$ up = judgm5t1 & :o /& be=e ! ?rone1 are n ,jews or ,*ri/ians1 b ,g5tiles 7 74 ,! holy angels are ) ,*ri/ 9 8 glory4 ,! hea!n appe> be=e him2 ^? :o h be5 do+ good )\t kn[+ x are receiv$ by him into 8 k+dom1 z ^? :o h be5 bless$ by 8 ,fa!r4 ,!y are ,*ri/ians1 x appe>s1 )\t kn[+ x4 ,!y inh]it ! k+dom1 f :i* ! orig9al heirs :o h be5 wick$ & slo?ful s]vants1 & :o h buri$ _! tal5t 9 ! napk91 are exclud$4 ,*ri/ians :o h judg$ !mselves1 & appli$ ,*ri/ianity by _! own lives1 are n to be judg$ at ! com+ ( ,*ri/1 b only ^? :o h be5 do+ "r or wrong ignorantly47#de7 #aa4 ,f9al ,result4 ,! c\rse ( our inve/igations 9 ! pres5t *apt] has br\ght u to ?is result4 ,or?odoxy is "r 9 expect+ ! com+ ( ,*ri/ 9 ?is _w1 b wrong 9 suppos+ x :olly future & :olly outw>d4 ,x is "r 9 mak+ x a p]sonal com+1 & n m]ely ! com+ ( 8 tru? ap>t f him1 b wrong 9 conceiv+ ( ?is p]sonal com+1 z mat]ial to ! s5ses1 in/ead ( spiritual to ! s\l4 ,x is "r 9 expect+ a judgm5t1 b wrong 9 plac+ x only 9 ! o!r _w4 ,x is "r 9 suppos+ t all mank9d1 ! conv]t$1 ! unconv]t$1 & ! hea!n1 are to be judg$ by ,*ri/ian tru?1 b wrong 9 suppos+ t ?is judgm5t mu/ occur 9 "o place or at "o "t4 ,f9ally1 9 ?is1 z 9 reg>d to _m o!r doctr9es1 ,or?odoxy fails by neglect+ ! great say+ ( ,jesus1 8,,! ,,_s ,,quick5e?1 ,,! ,,fle% ,,pr(ite? ,,no?+10 & ! simil> /atem5t ( ,paul1 8,,! ,,lett] ,,kille?40 ,,*apt] ,,xiv4 ,,et]nal ,,puni%m5t1 ,,annihilation1 ,,univ]sal ,,re/oration4 #a4 ,diff]5t ,views conc]n+ ! ,condition ( ! ,imp5it5t h]eaft]4 ,! diff]5t views conc]n+ ! future /ate1 held by ! ,*ri/ian ,*ur*1 may be ?us classifi$2 arrang+ !m1 exhau/ively1 "u eight divisions3-- ,i4 ,! ,roman ,ca?olic ,*ur* makes ?ree conditions h]eaft]2 viz41-- #a4 ,ev]la/+ joy4 #b4 ,ev]la/+ suff]+4 #c4 ,temporal sorr[ 9 purgatory4 ,,ii4 ,! ,or?odox ,prote/ant ,*ur* makes two conditions h]eaft]2 viz41-- #a4 ,unmix$ & ev]la/+ joy4 #b4 ,unmix$ & ev]la/+ suff]+4 ,,iii4 ,! ,old ,s*ool ,univ]sali/s make "o condition h]eaft]2 viz41-- #a4 ,et]nal joy4 ,,iv4 ,new ,s*ool ,univ]sali/s & ,re/orationi/s make two conditions h]eaft]2 viz41-- #a4 ,et]nal joy4 #b4 ,temporal & f9ite suff]+4 ,v4 ,unit>ians make an indef9ite numb] ( conditions h]eaft]1 accord+ to ! v>i\s *>act]s & moral /ates ( m54 ,,vi4 ,! ,sw$5borgians make an indef9ite b limit$ numb] ( heav5s & hells1 suit$ to ! v>ieties ( "*1 b hav+ a sup]natural orig94 ,,vii4 ,! ,spirituali/s make ! o!r _w l ?is _w1 ) no ess5tial diff]5ces1 mak+ x a cont9uation ( ! natural life4 ,,viii4 ,! ,annihilationi/s believe t ! f9ally imp5it5t w p]i% :olly1 & come to no?+4 ,?is /atem5t includes all1 or ne>ly all1 ( ! views held 9 ! ,*ri/ian ,*ur* conc]n+ ! condition ( dep>t$ s\ls 9 ! o!r _w4 ,we d n propose to exam9e !m all at ! pres5t "t2 b we %all exam9e at "s l5g? ?ree ( !m4 ,et]nal puni%m5t1 annihilation1 & univ]sal re/oration are ! ?ree pr9cipal views tak5 9 ! ,*ur* ( ! condition h]eaft] ( ^? :o die imp5it5t1 & 9 a /ate ( ho/ility to ,god4 ,! wick$ may h]eaft] be re=m$1 may be annihilat$1 or may be kept 9 a /ate ( p]man5t puni%m5t4 ,"o ( ^! views is held by ! ,univ]sali/s2 ano!r by ,or?odoxy2 ! ?ird is n[ adopt$ by ^? :o are dissatisfi$ ) ! horrors ( ,or?odoxy1 b n yet ready to accept ! ,optimism ( ! ,univ]sali/ hope4 ,we w consid] ^!1 beg9n+ ) ! ,or?odox doctr9e ( ev]la/+ puni%m5t4 ,we wi% we c\ld say t ?is doctr9e 0 n fully & decid$ly ,or?odox4 ,b x is q z mu* s z ! ,tr9ity1 ! deity ( ,*ri/1 or ! atonem5t4 ,no "o is all[$ to h any d\bts or que/ions conc]n+ x4 ,x seems to be believ$ t ! :ole sy/em ( ,or?odoxy w\ld be endang]$1 if ?is t]ror 0 n held to its bosom ) an unfalt]+ grasp4 #b4 ,! ,doctr9e ( ,ev]la/+ ,puni%m5t1 z held by ! ,or?odox at ! ,pres5t ,"t4 ,:at is ?is doctr9e1 z x is taught at ! pres5t day 9 all ,or?odox *ur*es1 & z x /&s 9 all ,or?odox cre$s8 ,x is1 t ! mom5t ( dea? decides1 & decides =ev]1 ! de/9y ( man2 t ^? :o die imp5it5t1 unbeliev+1 & unconv]t$ are =ev] lo/1 )\t ! possibility ( return2 t ^? ?us lo/ are to suff] =ev] & ev]1 )\t end1 ! mo/ griev\s torm5ts 9 s\l & body4 ,^! torm5ts consi/ 9 bani%m5t f ! pres5ce ( ,god1 & positive suff]+s1 9 addition !reto1 ( an awful k9d4 ,precisely :at !y are1 x is n1 p]haps1 necess>y = an ,or?odox man to believe4 ,!re is no ,or?odox def9ition :i* is au?oritative on t po9t2 & consid]able range1 !re=e1 is all[able4 ,! suff]+ may be t ( lit]al fire1 or x may n4 ,x may be physical suff]+1 or ! pangs ( consci5ce1 ! abs5ce ( love1 & ! s5se ( empt9ess4 ,on ^! po9ts !re is "s lib]ty ( op9ion1 d\btless4 ,b we presume t x w\ld n be ,or?odox to admit a prepond]ance1 9 hell1 ( good ov] evil2 or to admit1 ) ,sw$5borg1 ! exi/5ce ( pleasure !re1 ev5 ?\gh x be only a diabolical & s9ful pleasure4 ,! doctr9e ( ,or?odoxy c]ta9ly is1 t evil pr$om9ates ov] good1 & pa9 ov] pleasure1 9 ! condition ( ! damn$2 s t !re exi/5ce is a curse1 & n a bless+4 ,especially is hope %ut out3 !re is no hope ( return1 no possibility ( escape1 no *ance ( rep5tance1 ev5 at ! end ( myriads ( ye>s4 ,! man :o is condemn$ to imprisonm5t = life1 9 solit>y conf9em5t1 is 9 an un=tunate condition2 b he has hope1--hope ( escape1 hope ( p>don1--sure hope1 at all ev5ts1 ( deliv]ance1 "o day1 by dea?1 f 8 condition1 & a *ange to some?+ bett]1 or at lea/ to some?+ diff]5t4 ,b1 9 ! ,or?odox op9ion1 !re is no su* alleviation z ?is to ! suff]+s ( ! future /ate4 ,x is usual1 we "k1 = _m ,or?odox prea*]s to int5sify 9 description ! suff]+s ( ! future /ate1 & to task _! imag9ation = multipli$ pictures ( horror2 & we %all pres5tly give "s examples to %[ h[ f> ?is is c>ri$4 ,we h no d\bt t !re are _m ,or?odox m5 :o are z mu* %ock$ by ^! gross descriptions z ^? are :o d5y ev]la/+ puni%m5t4 ,b are !y n !mselves really responsible = !m8 ,^? :o admit ! pr9ciple t ,god c torm5t 8 *ildr5 =ev]1 9 ! o!r life1 = s9s committ$ 9 ?is1 h accept$ ! pr9ciple1 f :i* any view ( ! ,deity1 h[ev] %ock+1 may v legitimately proce$4 ,b let u1 = ! pres5t1 only assume t ,or?odoxy ass]ts a prepond]ance ( evil ov] good 9 ! o!r _w1 & t ?is prepond]ance is to be cont9u$ )\t end--=ev]4 ,let u see :at ?is means4 ,x means t ! suff]+ to be endur$ h]eaft] by ea* individual s\l1 z a puni%m5t = s9s committ$ 9 ?is _w1 w inf9itely exce$ 9 am\nt all ! suff]+ borne on ! surface ( ! e>?1 by its total population1 f ! creation ( ,adam to ! de/ruction ( ! _w4 ,ea* lo/ s\l w suff] n only m1 b inf9itely m1 ?an all ! accumulat$ suff]+s ( ! human race ?r\gh\t all "t4 ,we %udd] z we read ! acc\nt ( ! suff]+s f hydrophobia1 or ! burn+ alive ( a slave at ! ,s\?1 or ! tortures inflict$ by ! ,holy ,inquisition1 or ! horrors ( a field ( battle1 or ! cruelties inflict$ by savages ^u _! victims2 b all ( ^!1 add$ toge!r1 are f9ite1 & ! suff]+s ( a s+le s\l h]eaft] are inf9ite4 ,t is to say1 all ! pa9 & evil ( ?is _w1 result+ f all human s91 ?r\gh all "t1 is inf9itely small & insignificant :5 comp>$ ) ! puni%m5t endur$ by a s+le s\l h]eaft] = 8 %>e ( t s94 ,& all ?is is inflict$ by ,god2 & he is a ,god ( love4 ,!re are "s doctr9es1 ! /atem5t ( :i* is _! refutation4 ,?is1 we ?9k1 is "o ( !m4 ,b x mu/ also be consid]$1 t ?is doctr9e1 :i* ?r[s su* d>kness ov] ! future1 also s5ds d[n a rayless night ov] ! pres5t4 ,x refutes e !odicy2 x nullifies e solution ( evil4 ,! consolation = ! suff]+s ( ?is _w is1 t ! fa%ion ( ?is _w passes away1 & t !re is a bett] _w to come4 ,! explanation ( ! evils ( ?is life is1 t !y are f9ite1 & t !y are1 !re=e1 to be swall[$ up & to disappe> 9 an inf9ite good4 ,! ,*ri/ian f9ds relief1 9 consid]+ ! suff]+s ( ?is _w1 by reg>d+ !m z ! means ( a great] ultimate joy2 by look+ =w>d to ! "t :5 all te>s %all be wip$ away2 & by a firm fai? t love is /rong] ?an selfi%ness1 good /rong] ?an evil4 ,b ! doctr9e ( et]nal puni%m5t gives u1 9 ! condition ( a s+le lo/ s\l1 a great] am\nt ( evil h]eaft] ?an all ! evil1 :i* is to be ?us expla9$1 "h2 & ! myriads ( lo/ s\ls1 ea* ( :i* is to suff] inf9itely m ?an all ! suff]+s ( ! pres5t _w1 pres5t u ) a problem1 9 ! future1 s appall+1 t ! problem ( pres5t evil1 va/ z x is1 becomes insignificant by its side4 ,we are torm5t$ ) evil "h4 ,we seek a solution ( ! problem3 we f9d x 9 ! limit$1 f9ite1 & ancill>y nature ( evil4 ,b t solution is :olly tak5 away :5 we are told t evil is inf9ite & et]nal4 ,x seems to u impossible to hold ! common doctr9e on ?is subject1 )\t hav+ ! gospel view ( ! div9e "* ess5tially %ak52 x is n possible to reg>d ,him z a be+ 9 :om love is ! ess5tial attribute4 ,if ?is is s1 z we %all pres5tly und]take to prove1 x becomes a matt] ( vital importance t ! doctr9e %\ld be disprov$ & reject$4 ,x is n en\gh t x %\ld be quietly laid aside3 x is due to ! tru? t x %\ld be di/9ctly & fully confut$4 ,= ?is doctr9e1 if x be false1 is deeply di%onorable to ,god3 x takes away 8 highe/ glory2 x sub/itutes fe> ( him1 9 ! place ( love1 9 ! human he>t2 x neutralizes ! peculi> p[] ( ! gospel2 x degrades ! quality ( ,*ri/ian piety1 & poisons religion 9 its f\nta94 ,! ,or?odox doctr9e ( future puni%m5t is1 !n1 exce$+ly simple4 ,!re is to be a judgm5t 9 ! la/ day1 univ]sal & f9al4 ,all mank9d are to be collect$ be=e ! judgm5t seat ( ,*ri/1 & !re to be divid$ into two classes1--"o on ! "r h&1 & ! o!r on ! left4 ,^! are to g upw>d1 to heav51 to be et]nally happy2 ^? d[nw>d1 to hell1 to be et]nally mis]able4 ,!re are no degrees ( suff]+2 = ! torm5ts ( hell are inf9ite 9 degree1 z well z ev]la/+ 9 duration4 ,usually ! suff]+ is made int5sively z well z ext5sively inf9ite4 ,sometimes degrees are all[$ 9 suff]+4 ,no all[ance is made = ignorance1 or want ( opportunity2 = inh]it$ evil1 or evil result+ f =ce ( circum/ances4 ,! pure/ & be/ ( m51 :o does n believe ! precise ,or?odox !ory conc]n+ ! ,tr9ity1 sits 9 hell side by side ) ,z+is ,khan1 :o murd]$ 9 cold blood hundr$s ( ?\s&s ( m51 wom51 & *ildr51 m>k+ 8 bloody r\te by pyramids ( skulls4 ,! unbaptiz$ *ild1 :o goes to hell because ( ! orig9al s9 d]iv$ f ,adam1 is expos$ to ,god's wra? no less ?an ,pope ,alex&] ,,vi1 :o outrag$ e law ( ,god & man1 & :o1 says ,ma*iavelli1 80 foll[$ to ! tomb by ! holy feet ( 8 ?ree de> companions--,luxury1 ,simony1 & ,cruelty407#df7 ,?is is ! doctr9e :i* e d5om9ation & sect 9 ,*ri/5dom1 except ! ,unit>ians & ,univ]sali/s1 ma9ta9 z ess5tial to ,or?odoxy4 ,x is b a ye> or two s9ce tw5ty-"o bi%ops ( ! ,prote/ant ,episcopal ,*ur* issu$ a decl>ation ( _! belief t ?is doctr9e is ma9ta9$1 )\t res]ve or qualification1 by ! ,*ur* ( ,engl&4 ,only rec5tly an ecclesia/ical c\ncil ( ,congregationali/s refus$ ! fell[%ip ( ! *ur*es to a g5tleman elect$ z its pa/or by ! ,?ird ,congregational ,*ur* 9 ,portl&1 ,ma9e4 ,9 ! report ( ! result1 ! c\ncil says t x believes ! c&idate to be g5]ally s\nd 9 8 belief1 & exempl>y 9 8 ,*ri/ian _s1 & he>tily ext5ds to him its ,*ri/ian sympa?y4 ,b x decl9es to in/all him z pa/or1 because x 8und]/&s him z say+1 t he does n "k b !re may be ano!r /ate ( probation & (f] ( salvation1 aft] dea?1 = all to :om ,*ri/ is n p]sonally prea*$2 & t1 :il/ believ+ 9 a future retribution1 he says t ! ev]la/+ puni%m5t ( ! wick$ may be an ext9ction ( ! wick$ by annihilation40 ,s t a m]e d\bt on ?is subject is consid]$ a suffici5t reason1 by ! mo/ advanc$ & lib]al ( ! :ole ,or?odox body at ! pres5t day1 = refus+ *ur* fell[%ip4 ,! ,am]ican ,tract ,society floods ! l& ) loose leaves1 all appeal+ to ! fe> ( an et]nal hell4 ,we h "o be=e u n[1 call$ 8,are y insur$80 :i* repres5ts ,*ri/ianity z a contrivance = escap+ f ev]la/+ torm5t1 z a spiritual insurance (fice1 :]e "o mu/ 8take out a policy10 & s escape ev]la/+ fire47#dg7 ,!re is no !ological j\rnal1 be>+ ! ,or?odox "n1 :i* is m rational & lib]al ?an ! 8,new ,york ,indep5d5t40 ,b 9 its issue ( ,janu>y #e1 #ahfj1 x speaks ( future endless mis]y ?us1 say+ t !re is a 8va/ am\nt & weight ( evid5ce to ! po9t--evid5ce en\gh to prove x1 if provable2 all nature1 all law1 all revelation utt]+ ! doctr9e1 s t x is an amaz+ /ret* & en]gy ( unbelief n to believe x1 imply+ a moral /ate & position t w n believe x on any te/imony1 h[ev] cle>ly & unqualifi$ly1 ev5 to ! exhau/ion ( ! capabilities ( language1 ,god himself may decl>e & affirm x40 ,!re is evid5tly an en]getic attempt made 9 "s qu>t]s to revive ! decay+ belief 9 ! doctr9e ( ev]la/+ puni%m5t 9 ! future /ate1 z a p5alty = ! s9s ( ?is4 ,dr4 ,?ompson1 ( ,new ,york1 has publi%$ a "w to ?is end1 call$ 8,love & ,p5alty40 ,dr4 ,j4 ,p4 ,?ompson1 ! au?or ( ?is book1 is consid]$ ! lead] ( ,new ,hav5 !ology--! ,eli%a on ^: %\ld]s ! mantle ( ,dr4 ,taylor1 ( ,new ,hav51 has fall54 ,dr4 ,nehemiah ,adams1 ( ,bo/on1 has labor$ 9 ! same field1 ex]t+ himself to prove ?is doctr9e 9 v>i\s tracts & o!r works4 ,pr(essor ,hovey1 ( ! ,bapti/ ,sem9>y ( ,newton1 has publi%$ a little book on ! same subject4 ,x is probably ?\ght dang]\s by ^! g5tlem5 to relax at all ! t]rors ( futurity4 ,&1 no d\bt1 if all ^? :o h be5 re/ra9$ f evil by fe> ( et]nal puni%m5t 7 to lose t belief sudd5ly1 ! consequ5ces1 at fir/1 w\ld be sometimes bad4 ,if y h ex]t$ y\r :ole =ce 9 produc+ fe> ( hell1 in/ead ( fe> ( s91 !n1 ! t]ror ( hell be+ tak5 away1 m5 might ru% at fir/ into lic5se4 ,b ! dread ( a future hell is by no means s efficaci\s a motive z is (t5 ?\ght4 ,we become h>d5$ to ev]y?+1 & nei!r ! cl]gyman nor 8 p>i% eat any less he>tily ( _! ,sunday d9n]1 nor sleep any less s\ndly on ,sunday night1 9 consequ5ce ( ! t]rible descriptions ( et]nal torm5ts conta9$ 9 ! morn+'s s]mon47#dh7 #c4 ,app>5t ,contradictions1 bo? 9 ,scripture & ,reason1 9 ,reg>d to ?is ,doctr9e4 ,beside ! practical motive = ma9ta9+ ?is doctr9e1 :i* we h intimat$1 !re are also scriptural & philosophical reasons4 ,scripture & reason bo? d1 9 fact1 seem to tea* opposite doctr9es on ?is subject4 ,!re are passages 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t :i* appe> to tea* nev]-end+ suff]+1 & o!rs :i* appe> to tea* a f9al1 univ]sal re/oration4 ,x is writt51 8,^! %all g away into et]nal puni%m5t20 b x is also writt51 t ,*ri/ 8%all reign till all ?+s are subdu$ unto him20 :5 8! ,son also himself %all be subject to ,him :o did put all ?+s "u him1 t ,god may be all 9 all40 ,z ! same ^w is us$ to express ! way 9 :i* all enemies are to be subject to ,*ri/1 & ! way 9 :i* ,*ri/ himself is to be subject to ,god1 x foll[s t ! enemies1 :5 subject$1 %all be fri5ds4 ,x is said t ! wick$ %all be puni%$ 8) ev]la/+ de/ruction f ! pres5ce ( ,god20 b x is also said t 89 ! disp5sation ( ! fulness ( times1 ,god w ga!r 9 "o all ?+s 9 ,*ri/1 bo? :i* are 9 heav5 & on e>?20 & 8t at ! "n ( ,jesus e knee %\ld b[1 9 heav51 9 e>?1 & "u ! e>?2 & t e tongue %\ld confess t ,jesus ,*ri/ is ,"l1 to ! glory ( ,god ! ,fa!r40 ,x is said ( ! wick$1 t 8_! worm nev] dies1 & _! fire is n qu5*$20 b x is also said t 8x pleas$ ! ,fa!r1 hav+ made peace ?r\gh ! blood ( ! cross1 by ,*ri/ to reconcile all ?+s unto himself1 :e!r !y be ?+s 9 e>? or ?+s 9 heav540 ,s t ,scripture1 at fir/ sight1 seems to tea* bo? et]nal puni%m5t & univ]sal re/oration4 ,!re is a simil> contradiction on ?is subject1 if consid]$ 9 ! light ( pure reason4 ,:5 look$ at f ! div9e attributes1 ! unavoidable conclusion seems to be1 t all m5 mu/ be f9ally sav$4 ,= ,god is inf9itely b5evol5t1 & !re=e mu/ wi% to save all2 is inf9itely wise1 & !re=e mu/ "k h[ to save all2 is inf9itely p[]ful1 & !re=e mu/ be able to ov]come all difficulties 9 ! way ( sav+ all3 h5ce all mu/ be sav$4 ,b1 on ! o!r h&1 :5 we consid] ! subject f ! position ( man's nature1 an opposite conclusion seems to foll[4 ,= man1 be+ free1 is able to *oose ei!r evil or good at any mom5t2 &1 z long z he cont9ues to be ess5tially man1 he mu/ reta9 ?is fre$om2 & !re=e1 at any p]iod ( 8 future exi/5ce1 h[ev] remote1 he may pref] evil to good--t is1 may pref] hell to heav54 ,b ,god w n compel him to be good aga9/ 8 w 7= unwill+ goodness is n goodness72 & !re=e x foll[s t !re is no po9t ( "t 9 ! inf9ite future ( :i* we c c]ta9ly say t !n all m5 w be sav$4 ,( c\rse ^! seem+ contradictions ( ,scripture & ant9omies ( reason are n real contradictions4 ,god does n contradict himself ei!r 9 revelation or 9 reason4 ,:e!r we c reconcile su* antagonisms n[1 or n1 we "k t !y w be reconcil$4 ,meantime1 x is our duty to disbelieve :atev] is di%onorable to ,god1 or oppos$ to ! "* ascrib$ to him by ,jesus ,*ri/4 ,*ri/ has taught u to reg>d ,god z our ,fa!r4 ,x is our duty to refuse cr$5ce to any doctr9e conc]n+ him :i* is pla9ly oppos$ to ?is "*4 ,if ,i h =m$ my op9ion ( my fri5d's "* f a l>ge exp]i5ce1 ,i ought to refuse to believe1 ev5 on good evid5ce1 any?+ oppos$ to x4 ,:at is fai? 9 man1 or 9 ,god1 good =1 t is unable to resi/ evil reports conc]n+ !m8 ,if ,i am told t my fri5d has become a ?ief or a sw9dl]1 & he :o tells me says1 8,i "k t x is s--"h is ! evid5ce10 ,i reply1 8,i d n c>e = y\r evid5ce4 ,i "k t x is impossible40 ,s1 if all ! *ur*es 9 ! _w1 ,ca?olic & ,prote/ant1 tell me t ,jesus tea*es ev]la/+ puni%m5t inflict$ by ,god = ! s9s ( ?is life1 & produce *apt] & v]se 9 support ( _! /atem5t1 ,i reply1 8,if ,i h le>n$ any?+ ab\t ,god f ! tea*+s ( ,jesus1 x is t y\r ass]tion is impossible4 ,ab\t ! mean+ ( ^! passages y may be mi/ak51 = ! lett] kille?2 b ,i _c be mi/ak5 9 reg>d to ! fa!rly "* ( ! ,almighty40 ,^! contradictions we %all consid] 9 a pap] pr9t$ 9 ! ,app5dix 7an exam9ation ( ,dr4 ,neheimiah ,adams's tract on ! 8,reasonabl5ess ( ,ev]la/+ ,puni%m5t074 ,at pres5t we w only say t we %\ld hold x less di%onorable to ,god to d5y 8 exi/5ce ?an to believe ?is doctr9e conc]n+ him4 ,we ?9k t 9 ! la/ day x w appe> t ! a!i/ has done less to di%onor ! "n ( ,god ?an ^? :o p]si/5tly tea* ?is view4 ,= :at says ,"l ,bacon8 7,essays1 ,,xvii4 ,( ,sup]/ition47 8,x 7 bett] to h no op9ion ( ,god at all ?an su* an op9ion z is unwor?y ( him2 = ! "o is unbelief1 ! o!r is contumely2 & c]ta9ly sup]/ition is ! reproa* ( ! ,deity4 ,plut>* sai? well to t purpose4 #8,surely1' sai? he1 #8,i _h r a great deal m5 %\ld say !re 7 no su* man at all z ,plut>*1 ?an t !y %\ld say !re 0 "o ,plut>* t w\ld eat 8 *ildr5 z soon z !y 7 born1' z ! poets speak ( ,saturn4 ,& z ! contumely is great] t[>ds ,god1 s is ! dang] great] t[>ds m540 ,! doctr9e ( ev]la/+ puni%m5t1 be+ ess5tially a hea!n & n a ,*ri/ian doctr9e1 _c d any ,*ri/ian good to any "o4 ,x is ! want ( fai? 9 ! ,*ur* :i* makes x afraid ( giv+ x up4 ,! ,*ri/ian ,*ur* has n fai? en\gh to believe 9 ! p[] ( tru? & love4 ,x /ill ?9ks t m5 mu/ be fright5$ into goodness1 or driv5 into x4 ,fe> is a becom+ & useful motive no less ?an hope2 b fe> ( :at8 ,n fe> ( ,god2 b fe> ( s91 fe> ( ourselves1 fe> ( temptation4 ,to be afraid ( ,god nev] did any "o any good4 ,^! doctr9es drive m5 away f ,god2 or1 if !y drive !m to ,god1 drive !m z slaves1 z sycophants1 z s]vants1 n z sons4 ,we are sav$ by becom+ ! sons ( ,god2 b y _c drive a man into son%ip by t]ror4 ,y may make him pr(ess religion1 & g ?r\gh c]emonies1 & h an outw>d =m ( s]vice2 b y _c make him love ,god by means ( fe>4 ,b good m5 tea* ^! ?+s1 no d\bt4 ,m5 f> bett] ?an mo/ ( u believe !m & tea* !m4 ,x always has be5 s4 ,! be/ m5 h always be5 ! *ief support]s ( bad doctr9es4 ,a good man1 humble & mode/1 is apt to %r9k f d\bt+ or oppos+ :at ! ,*ur* has taught4 ,he accepts x1 & tea*es x too4 ,:5 ,god wants a re=m]1 he does n take "o ( ^! good1 mode/1 humble m54 ,he does n take a sa9t4 ,he takes a man :o has ev] s mu* w1 a little ob/9acy1 & a great love ( fight+2 & he makes ! wra? ( su* a man to s]ve him4 ,nei!r ,/4 ,t]esa nor ,fnlon c\ld h re=m$ ! ,ca?olic ,*ur*4 ,x took r\gh old ,m>t9 ,lu!r & h>d-he>t$ ,john ,calv9 to d x4 ,! fir/ ,univ]sali/s1 ! ,abolitioni/s1 all re=m]s1 are necess>ily m5 ( t sort4 ,!y are rude debat]s1 n /&+ on c]emony or polit5ess4 ,!y are h>d-head$ logicians1 go+ /raight to _! po9t1 c>eless ( elegances & proprieties4 ,!y are ,god's pione]s1 r\gh backwoodsm51 hew+ _! way ) ! axe ?r\gh ! wild]ness4 ,aft] !m %all come ! peaceful f>m]1 ) pl\gh & spade1 to turn ! l& into :eat fields1 or*>ds1 & g>d5s4 #d4 ,ev]la/+ ,puni%m5t limits ! ,sov]eignty ( ,god4 ,x is c]ta9 t ! doctr9e ( et]nal puni%m5t1 9 ! common =m1 c only be ma9ta9$ by giv+ up "s ( ! inf9ite attributes ( ! ,almighty4 ,if puni%m5t is to exi/ )\t end2 if hell is always to co-exi/ ) heav52 if c]ta9 be+s are to be cont9u$ =ev] 9 exi/5ce m]ely z s9ful suff]]s1--!n1 x is cle>1 ,god is n omnipot5t4 ,he %>es 8 ?rone =ev] ) ,satan4 ,satan & ,god divide betwe5 !m ! univ]se4 ,god reigns 9 heav51 ,satan 9 hell4 ,god desires t all %all be sav$2 b ?is desire is absolutely & =ev] defeat$ by a fate great] ?an ,deity4 ,law divorc$ f love--t is1 nature 9 its old ,pagan aspect--is high] ?an ,god4 ,god is n ! ,almighty to any "o :o really believes et]nal puni%m5t4 ,god is n ! ,sov]eign ( ! univ]se1 b only ( a "p ( x4 ,! doctr9e ( et]nal puni%m5t1 9 its common =m1 does1 !re=e1 virtually de?rone ,god47#di7 ,x is1 9 fact1 impossible to conceive ( an et]nal hell co-exi/+ ) an et]nal heav51 )\t also see+ t x limits et]nally ! div9e ,omnipot5ce2 = ! omnipot5ce ( ,god is 9 c>ry+ out 8 w to h all m5 sav$ by becom+ holy4 ,unless ,god's laws are obey$1 ,god is n obey$2 & he is n sov]eign if n obey$4 ,hell is a condition ( ?+s ho/ile to ,god's w3 x is a p]man5t & successful rebellion ( a "p ( ! univ]se4 ,x is no answ] to say1 t x is %ut up1 & re/ra9$1 & made to suff]2 = x is n conqu]$4 ,god has conqu]$ s9 only :5 he has r$uc$ x to ob$i5ce4 ,hell is no m subject to ,god ?an ! ,conf$]ate ,/ates1 dur+ ! rebellion1 7 subject to ! ,unit$ ,/ates gov]nm5t4 ,!y 7 %ut up by a blockade2 !y 7 re/ra9$ by great armies & navies2 !y 7 made to suff]2 b !y 7 n r$uc$ to submission & ob$i5ce4 ,nor is x any answ] to say1 t ! exi/5ce ( s9 & suff]+ h]eaft] no m limits ,god's omnipot5ce ?an _! exi/5ce "h & n[ limits 8 omnipot5ce4 ,= ! "q is ( ,,et]nal suff]+4 ,temporal suff]+ h]eaft]1 we grant1 is no objection to ! div9e ,omnipot5ce4 ,limit$ & f9ite evil1 9 ?is _w or ! o!r1 is no philosophical difficulty2 & = ?is reason--t f9ite evil1 :5 comp>$ ) inf9ite good1 becomes logically & ma!matically no evil4 ,! f9ite disappe>s 9 relation to ! inf9ite4 ,all ! suff]+s & s9s ( e>?1 ?r\gh all ages1 are /rictly no?+ :5 view$ 9 ! light ( ! et]nal joy & hol9ess :i* are to result f !m4 ,?is is a po/ulate ( pure reason4 ,make evil f9ite1 & good inf9ite1--make evil temporal1 & good et]nal1--& evil ceases to be any?+4 ,b make evil et]nal1 z is done by ?is doctr9e1 & !n we h ,mani*eism--an inf9ite dualism--on ! ?rone ( ! univ]se4 #e4 ,ev]la/+ ,puni%m5t contradicts ! ,fa!rly ,love ( ,god4 ,?is doctr9e is a relapse on ,paganism1 & d]iv$ f x4 ,x has no?+ to d ) ,*ri/ianity1 except to corrupt x4 ,no man 0 ev] made bett] by believ+ x3 multitudes h be5 made worse4 ,x attributes to our heav5ly ,fa!r conduct t1 if done by ! wor/ ( m51 w\ld add a %ade ( increas$ wick$ness to _! "*4 ,x assumes t ,god has made intellig5t creatures ) ! int5tion ( torm5t+ "s ( !m =ev]4 ,x assumes t ^? :o are ?us creat$1 expos$ to ?is awful risk1 are to be ?us torm5t$1 unless !y happ5 to pass ?r\gh :at is call$ an ,or?odox conv]sion 9 ?is %ort e>?ly life4 ,god keeps !m alive =ev] 9 ord] to torture !m =ev]4 ,! b>b>ity ( ?is op9ion exce$s all p[] ( language to express4 ,we are accu/om$ to m\rn ov] ! angui% & mis]y t are 9 ?is _w4 ,! problem ( e>?ly evil has be5 a burd5 & anxiety to good m5 9 all times1 a great "q = ?9k]s 9 all ages4 ,! only satisfactory solution is1 t x is tempor>y & educational2 t x is to pass away1 &1 9 pass+1 to create a high] joy & goodness ?an c\ld o!rwise h come4 ,b ! doctr9e ( ev]la/+ puni%m5t n only annuls ?is explanation1 & makes x impossible to expla9 e>?ly evil1 b adds to x a t5fold great] my/]y4 ,! fa!rly "* ( ,god disappe>s 9 ,pagan d>kness1 9 view ( ?is horrid doctr9e2 = ! ev]la/+ suff]+ ( "o human be+ conta9s 9 itself m evil ?an ! accumulat$ suff]+s ( all mank9d f ! creation ( ! _w to ! end ( x4 ,add toge!r all ! sicknesses1 b]eavem5ts1 disappo9tm5ts1 ( all mank9d2 all ! w>s1 fam9es1 pe/il5ces1 t h torm5t$ humanity2 add to ^! all ! m5tal & moral pangs produc$ by selfi%ness & s9 9 all ages1 & all t are to be to ! end ( "t1--& ^! all comb9$ are logically & ma!matically no?+1 comp>$ ) ! suff]+s ( "o human be+ de/9$ to be ev]la/+ly puni%$4 ,= all temporal suff]+s add$ toge!r are f9ite2 b ?is is inf9ite4 ,n[1 ! be+ :o c\ld inflict su* torture z ?is is n ! ,god & ,fa!r ( our ,"l ,jesus ,*ri/4 ,!re may be "s deity ( cruelty1 "s inc>nation ( wra? & despotism1 9 ! ,h9doo ,pan!on1 capable ( su* t]rific wick$ness4 ,x is no answ] to say t ,god inflicts suff]+ n[ 9 ?is _w1 & !re=e he may inflict ev]la/+ suff]+ 9 ! o!r2 = ^? are all f9ite2 t is inf9ite4 ,f9ite suff]+ may result 9 great] good1 may be an education to good2 b ev]la/+ suff]+ _c4 ,! f9ite & inf9ite _c be comp>$ toge!r4 ,!re is no analogy betwe5 !m4 ,! ,god ( ! ,new ,te/am5t is our ,fa!r4 ,if he inflicts suff]+1 x is = our good2 8n = 8 pleasure1 b = our pr(it1 t we may be p>tak]s ( 8 hol9ess40 ,all e>?ly suff]+ f9ds ?is solution1 & accords ) ! fa!rly "* ( ,god 9 ?is po9t ( view4 ,mu*1 no d\bt1 _c be n[ fully und]/ood4 ,we d n see h[ x t5ds to good2 b all suff]+ t ends ,,may end 9 good4 ,suff]+ t does n end ,,_c end 9 good4 ,if human be+s are ev]la/+ly puni%$1 x mu/ ei!r be t !y g on s9n+ =ev]1 & _c rep5t1 lose all p[] ( rep5tance1 & s cease to be moral ag5ts1 or else t !y reta9 ! p[] ( rep5t+1 & !re=e may rep5t4 ,9 ! fir/ case1 ,god cont9ues to puni% =ev] ^? :o h ceas$ to s91 because _! fre$om & moral p[] h ceas$2 or else he puni%es =ev] ^? :o h rep5t$1 & s ceas$ s9n+4 ,9 ei!r case1 ,god mu/ puni% ev]la/+ly ^? :o h ceas$ to be s9n]s2 :i* is incr$ible4 ,if ,god is a ,fa!r1 he is at lea/ z good z ! be/ e>?ly fa!r4 ,n[1 :at fa!r or "m w\ld ev] cons5t to place a *ild 9 a situation :]e !re 0 ev5 a *ance ( its runn+ su* an awful risk8 ,god has creat$ u ) ^! liabilities to s92 he has 7accord+ to ,or?odoxy7 *os5 & det]m9$ t we %all be born :olly prone to evil1 & sure to fall into et]nal & un5d+ ru91 unless he saves u by a special act ( grace4 8,:at man among y1 be+ a fa!r10 w\ld d s8 ,cu/om dulls our s5se to ^! horrors4 ,let u !re=e imag9e a case f> less t]rible4 ,suppose t a numb] ( p>5ts %\ld e/abli% a s*ool1 to :i* to s5d _! *ildr54 ,suppose !y %\ld arrange a code ( laws = ! s*ool ( su* a /r+5t "* t all ! *ildr5 are sure to break x4 ,"u ! s*ool are vaults conta9+ in/rum5ts ( torture4 ,= ea* (f5ce aga9/ ! laws ( ! s*ool 7(f5ces :i* ! *ildr5 _c fail to commit7 !y are to be puni%$ by imprisonm5t = life 9 ^! cells1 ) daily torture1 f racks1 ?umb-screws1 & ! l4 ,a few ( !m are to be select$ f ! re/1 n = any m]it ( _! own1 b by an arbitr>y decree ( ! p>5ts1 & are to be rew>d$ 7n = _! sup]ior good conduct1 b accord+ to ! caprice ( ! p>5ts7 ) e luxury & privilege4 ,among ^! privileges is includ$ t ( tak+ a daily walk ?r\gh ! cells1 & witness+ ! horrible suff]+s ( _! bro!rs & companions1 & he>+ _! %rieks ( angui%1 & prais+ ! ,,ju/ice ( _! p>5ts 9 ?us puni%+ "s & rew>d+ ! re/4 ,b ?is1 y may say1 is n a p>allel case4 ,no1 we grant x is n1 = :at are ^! torm5ts to t ( a nev]-end+ futurity8 ,!y are all z no?+4 ,!re=e e su* comp>ison mu/ utt]ly fail ( do+ ju/ice to ! diabolic cruelty ascrib$ to ! ,almighty by ?is ,or?odox doctr9e4 8,b :at "r10 says ! ,or?odox def5d] ( ?is doctr9e1 8h we to reason 9 ?is way conc]n+ ! div9e proce$+s1 by ! analogy ( e>?ly p>5ts8 ,:at "r h we to comp>e ,god's do+s ) ^? ( a human fa!r80 ,no "r1 p]haps1 z philosoph]s2 b z ,*ri/ians we h n only ! "r to d x1 b x is our duty to d s4 ,jesus has himself taught u to use ?is analogy1 9 ord] to acquire confid5ce 9 ,god's ways1 & to assure ourselves t ,god _c fail ( act+ z we %\ld expect a good & wise e>?ly p>5t to act4 8,:at man is !re ( y1 :om1 if 8 son ask bread1 w he give him a /one8 ,or if he ask a fi%1 w he give him a s]p5t8 ,if ye !n1 be+ evil1 "k h[ to give good gifts unto y\r *ildr51 h[ mu* m %all y\r ,fa!r1 :i* is 9 heav51 give good ?+s to !m t ask him80 7,matt4 #g3i-aa47 ,jesus au?orizes & comm&s u to reason f ! p>5tal nature 9 man to t 9 ,god4 ,in/ead ( simply assur+ u ( x1 on ! gr\nd ( 8 own au?ority to tea* u2 in/ead ( say+1 8,believe ?is1 because ,i say x10 he says1 8,believe x1 because x accords ) y\r own convictions & ) human nature40 #f4 ,attempts to modify & s(t5 ! ,doctr9e ( ,ev]la/+ ,puni%m5t4 ,! reasons = ! late ef=ts to support ?is t]rific doctr9e are probably to be f\nd 9 a widespread & increas+ disbelief conc]n+ x1 p]vad+ ! *ur*es nom9ally ,or?odox4 ,?is has come f ! gr[+ intellig5ce & progressive movem5ts ( ?\ght 9 ! ,*ri/ian ,*ur*4 ,! evid5ces ( ?is belief are num]\s & increas+4 ,^? :o reject ! ,or?odox view are a num]\s body1 b divid$ into sev]al p>ties4 ,!re are ! old-fa%ion$ ,univ]sali/s1 a valiant race1--m5 ( w> f _! y\?1--:o1 "u ! lead ( su* m5 z ,hosea ,ball\ & ,?omas ,:ittemore1 h sp5t _! lives 9 fight+ ! doctr9e ( ev]la/+ puni%m5t4 ,v naturally1 p]haps1 !y w5t to ! opposite extreme ( op9ion1 & d5i$ all future suff]+4 ,b ?is view has1 we ?9k1 ceas$ to be ! prevail+ "o among ! ,univ]sali/s4 ,! doctr9e ( ultimate re/oration has v g5]ally tak5 its place4 ,?is doctr9e also prevails widely 9 o!r d5om9ations2 n only among ! lib]al bodies1 l ! ,unit>ians1 b also among ,me?odi/s1 ,presbyt]ians1 & ,congregationali/s4 ,x has widely spread1 z is well kn[n1 9 ,g]many4 ,x 0 held by ,s*lei]ma*]1 ! fa!r ( mod]n ,g]man !ology4 ,x t+es ! writ+s ( su* ,or?odox m5 z ,?oluck1 ,hahn1 & ,ol%aus54 ,o!rs pr(ess to believe 9 ev]la/+ puni%m5t1 b make x a m]ely negative consequ5ce ( lo/ "t & opportunity3 "o w be always worse (f h]eaft] 9 consequ5ce ( ! neglect ( duty4 ,o!rs foll[ ,sw$5borg1 & make ! suff]+s ( hell r agreeable ?an o!rwise to ^? :o be> !m4 ,v>i\s ineffectual attempts h inde$ be5 made1 9 all ages ( ! ,*ur*1 to s(t5 ! au/]ity ( ?is doctr9e4 ,f ! days ( ,orig51 ^! m]ciful doctors7#ej7 h always be5 try+ to s(t5 ?is au/]e dogma1 b ineffectually2 = ! dread ( an et]nal hell has be5 "o ( ! *ief motives :i* ! ,*ur* has us$ 9 conv]t+ m5 f s9 to hol9ess4 ,any sugge/ion ( ! possibility ( future re/oration w\ld1 x is fe>$1 cut ! s9ews ( effective prea*+4 ,= ! baptiz$ :o are n fit = heav5 ! ,roman ,ca?olic ,*ur* has e/abli%$1 inde$1 a tempor>y hell1 ) torm5ts ( an inf]ior sort2 = bad ,ca?olics !re is purgatory1 ) ! hope ( ultimate escape f x2 b = ! unbaptiz$ hea!n1 = h]etics1 & = excommunicat$ p]sons1 !re is no?+ b et]nal puni%m5t4 ,_m1 9 all ages1 h made ! ev]la/+ cont9uance ( puni%m5t n absolute1 b hypo!tical--dep5d+ on ! "q1 8,w ! s9n] cont9ue =ev] to s9807#ea7 ,o!rs h made future puni%m5t relatively ev]la/+2 t is1 because ev5 ! rep5tant s9n] w be always j s f> beh9d ! position he w\ld h _h if he _h n s9n$4 ,?is1 h[ev]1 is tak+ a mat]ial view ( progress1 z ?\gh x 0 limit$1 l ! go+ ( a horse1 to s _m miles a day4 ,_m ( ! e>ly fa!rs1 & "s ( ! m$ival doctors1 took mild] views ( ! future suff]+s ( ! imp5it5t or unconv]t$4 ,proce$+ f ! idea ( fre$om1 z inde/ructible 9 ! human s\l1 ,orig5 decl>$ t1 no matt] h[ l[ any moral be+ has fall51 a way to return is always op5 to him4 ,ev5 ! devil may1 9 "t1 rega9 ! highe/ position 9 ! angelic hi]>*y47#eb7 ,no d\bt ,orig5 admitt$ ! ne$ ( ext]nal conditions = ?is re/oration2 b he said1 ,god is able to heal ! damage done to any "p ( 8 works47#ec7 ,he w re/ore all ?+s to _! orig91 unit+ ! end & ! beg9n+1 & s becom+ inde$ ! ,alpha & ,omega4 ,?is may require long processes1 ?r\gh _m ages47#ed7 ,s9ce ,jesus speaks ( a s9 :i* _c be =giv5 9 ?is age 77 nor ! next1 x foll[s1 says ,orig51 t !re is a s]ies ( ages1 or worlds1 ?r\gh :i* we pass1 & _m ( ^! ages ( ages 7scula sculorum7 mu/ pass away be=e all bad m5 & angels %all h return$ to _! orig9al /ate4 ,quot+ ! passage1 8,! la/ enemy t %all be de/roy$10 he says t he %all n be de/roy$ z to 8 sub/ance1 b z to 8 enmity4 ,8 be+ 0 made by ,god1 & _c p]i%2 8 ho/ile w proce$$ f himself1 & %all be de/roy$4 ,mr4 ,br[nson 7or r a writ] 9 ,br[nson's 8,qu>t]ly ,review10 ,july1 #ahfc7 takes ano!r way ( s(t5+ ! t]rors ( hell4 ,) him too1 hell is an ev]la/+ /ate2 b he ma9ta9s t ! ,roman ,*ur* has n made x an article ( fai? to believe t !re is any positive suff]+ !re94 ,if y believe 9 an et]nal hell1 t is en\gh2 y are n preclud$ f s(t5+ its horrors to any ext5t y c4 ,?us he ma9ta9s t ! great ,augu/9e all[s hell to be only a negative /ate--only ! abs5ce ( ! exquisite beatitude ( heav54 ,?is writ] 7:o is said by ! editor to be a le>n$ ,ca?olic prie/7 ass]ts t !re is a gr[+ repugnance to ! popul> doctr9e ^u et]nal puni%m5t among ! mo/ intellig5t ( ! ,ca?olic laity1 & ?is reluctance is ! *ief ob/acle to ! reception ( ! fai? by a l>ge class ( non-,ca?olics4 ,he attempts to meet ?is /ate ( m9d by %[+ t nei!r ! doctr9e ( ,/4 ,augu/9e nor t ( ! ,ca?olic ,*ur* supports ?is popul> view1 b all[s a mu* mild] "o4 ,he proce$s to make ^! po9ts3-- #a4 ,/4 ,augu/9e n[h]e tea*es t human nature is intr9sically evil1 b he inv>iably tea*es t x is sub/antially good4 78,omnis natura 9 quantum natura e/ bona e/40 8,omnis sub/antia aut ,deus e/ aut ex ,deo40 ,de ,lib4 ,arbit47 ,!re=e x foll[s t ! v notion ( total depravity is impossible4 ,/4 ,augu/9e di/9ctly says t 8! v unclean _s himself is good1 inasmu* z he is a _s1 b evil inasmu* z he is unclean40 ,h5ce1 n ev5 ! nature ( ! devil himself is evil4 ,s ,/4 ,?omas 78,diabolus1 9 quantum habet esse1 e/ bonus071 8! devil1 s f> z he is1 is good40 #b4 ,/4 ,augu/9e tea*es 9 explicit t]ms t exi/5ce is a good ev5 to angels & m5 :o are et]nally b\nd by ! consequ5ces ( evil4 #c4 ,et]nal dea?1 accord+ to ,/4 ,augu/9e1 is a subsid5ce into a l[] =m ( life1 a privation ( ! highe/ vital influx f ,god 9 ord] to ev]la/+ life1 or supreme beatitude1 b n ( all vital influx 9 ord] to an endless exi/5ce1 :i* is a p>tial & incomplete p>ticipation 9 good4 ,^! s9ful s\ls1 !re=e1 fulfil 9 a measure ! end ( _! creation1 & h a place & a function 9 h>mony ) ! g5]al ord] ( ! cosmos4 ,!re is no trace1 9 ?is view ( ,augu/9e1 t ,god hates a portion ( 8 creatures ) an absolute1 inf9ite1 & et]nal hatr$1 & is hat$ by !m 9 return4 ,! orig9al act ( creative love is an endur+ & et]nal act1 9 :i* ev5 ,satan is includ$4 8,_! nature /ill rema9s ess5tially good1 & f> sup]ior 9 excell5ce & beauty to mat]ial light1 :i* is ! highe/ corporeal sub/ance40 #d4 ,hell1 !re=e 7,inf]nus71 is simply a l[] /ate ( in*oate & imp]fect be+1 8( sa9ts nipp$ 9 ! bud40 ,infant damnation is only a g5tle sadness--8levis tri/itia40 ,all positive suff]+ 9 hell is probably temporal1 & !re=e mu/ at la/ cease4 ,! lo/ s\ls w enjoy !re q z mu* z !y c d "h1 m9us ! temporal suff]+s ( ?is life4 ,!y cont9ue natural be+s1 & !re=e c enjoy all natural joy2 & t :i* !y lose1 be+ ! 8beatific vision10 ( :i* !y h no conception1 is a loss ( :i* !y are :olly unconsci\s4 ,sw$5borg ma9ta9s1 9 ! same way1 ! ev]la/+ "* ( ! puni%m5t ( ^? :o h pass$ ! f9al judgm5t1 b admits _m palliations to its suff]+s4 ,he tea*es t delight is ! univ]sal sub/ance ( heav51 & also ( hell1 & t evil spirits are 9 ! delight ( evil1 z good spirits 9 t ( good4 ,an evil _s w\ld be z unhappy 9 heav5 z a good "o w\ld be 9 hell4 #g4 ,! mean+ ( ,et]nal ,puni%m5t 9 ,scripture4 ,b :at1 !n1 is ! vital tru? 9 ! doctr9e ( et]nal puni%m5t8 ,*ri/ says1 8,^! %all g away into et]nal puni%m5t407#ee7 ,:at is ?is 8et]nal puni%m5t08 ,x is commonly suppos$ to mean ! same ?+ z puni%m5t :i* %all nev] end1 or puni%m5t cont9u$ ?r\gh all "t4 ,b ?is is to misund]/& bo? ! philosophical & scriptural mean+ ( ! ^w 8et]nal40 ,et]nal puni%m5ts are ! opposite ( temporal puni%m5ts3 !y h no?+ to d ) "t at all2 !y are puni%m5ts outside ( "t4 ,to attempt to realize et]nity by add+ up any numb] ( myriads ( ye>s ( "t1 is necess>ily a failure2 = "t & et]nity are diff]5t ?+s4 ,y might z well attempt to produce ?\ght or love1 by add+ up millions ( miles ( di/ance1 z1 by add+ up millions ( ye>s ( "t1 to get any idea ( et]nity4 ,et]nal life1 9 ! language ( ,scripture1 has no?+ to d ) ! future or ! pa/4 ,x is a pres5t life 9 ! s\l1 awak5$ )9 by ! k ( ,god & ,*ri/4 8,?is is life et]nal1 to "k !e1 ! only true ,god1 & ,jesus ,*ri/1 :om ?\ ha/ s5t40 8,et]nal life & et]nal dea? bo? come f ! k ( ,god & ( ,*ri/40 ,to "o x is a savor ( life1 to ano!r ( dea?4 ,et]nal puni%m5t & et]nal life are ! puni%m5ts & ! rew>ds ( et]nity1 di/+ui%$ f ^? ( "t1 & hav+ _! root 9 ! k ( ,god :i* comes ?r\gh ,*ri/4 ,et]nal life & et]nal puni%m5t bo? comm5ce "h1 f ! judgm5ts :i* takes place n[3 b ! la/ judgm5t1 or ! judgm5t ( ! la/ day1 is t :i* w take place h]eaft]1 :5 ! s\l %all h a full k ( itself & ( ,god2 see its :ole life z x really is2 h all self-deceptions tak5 away1 all disguises remov$1 & "k itself z x is kn[n4 ,god's love1 :5 reveal$1 attracts & repels4 ,l all real =ce1 x is a pol> =ce4 ,! "o pole is its attractive p[] ov] ^? :o are 9 a tru?-lov+ /ate2 ! o!r pole is its repell+ p[] to ^? :o are 9 a tru?-hat+ /ate4 ,love attracts ! tru?ful1 & repels ! wilful4 ,et]nal puni%m5t1 !n1 is ! repugnance to ,god ( ! s\l :i* is inw>dly selfi% 9 its w1--lov+ itself m ?an tru? & "r4 ,x is ! s5se ( indignation & wra?1 ali5ation & pov]ty1 :i* re/s on x :ile 9 ?is condition4 ,x is ! out] d>kness2 x is ! f> c\ntry2 x is ! fam9e1 :i* comes z a holy & bless$ evil1 s5t to save1 by br++ to rep5tance1 ! prodigal *ild1 :o has n yet 8come to himself40 ,f ?is k ( ,god & ( itself1 !re=e1--f ?is judgm5t ( ! la/ day1--w fl[ et]nal life to ! "o class1 & et]nal puni%m5t or suff]+ to ! o!r4 ,^? :o h be5 consci5ti\s & g5]\s2 :o h endeavor$ fai?fully to live = tru? & "r2 :o h made sacrifices1 & n boa/$ ( !m2 :o h clo!d ! nak$ & f$ ! hungry1 mak+ ! _w bett] & happi] by _! pres5ce1--w he> ! ,savi\r say1 8,come1 ye bless$ ( my ,fa!r1 inh]it ! k+dom prep>$ = y f ! f\ndation ( ! _w2 = ,i 0 hungry1 & ye gave me meat40 ,p]haps !y h nev] ev5 he>d ! "n ( ,*ri/2 p]haps !y 7 ! ,buddhi/s ( ,burmah1 ( :om ,mr4 ,malcom speaks1 :o br\ght food to him1 ?\gh a /rang] to !m4 8,i 0 sc>cely seat$10 says he1 8:5 a woman br\ght a nice mat = me to lie on2 ano!r1 cool wat]2 & a man w5t & pick$ me a half doz5 f9e oranges4 ,none s\ght or expect$ ! lea/ rew>d1 b disappe>$1 & left me to my repose40 ,or p]haps !y w be ! poor black wom5 9 ,africa1 :o took su* k9d c>e ( ,mungo ,p>k1 s++1 8,let u pity ! :ite man3 he has no "m to br+ him milk1 no wife to gr9d him corn40 ,! rew>d ( _! fidelity w be ! gift ( a great] p[] ( goodness1 com+ f a k ( ,god & ,*ri/4 ,!y 7 help+ ,*ri/1 ?\gh !y did n "k him4 ,!y w say1 8,"l1 :5 saw we !e an hung]$80 ,^! ,g5tiles1 )\t ! law1 :o d by nature ! ?+s conta9$ 9 ! law1 w come to "k ,*ri/1 & receive a spiritual life--life fl[+ f t k4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ^? :o h n endeavor$ to d :at !y knew to be "r w receive f ! same k ( ,god & ,*ri/ a spiritual or et]nal puni%m5t4 ,p]haps !y h receiv$ "s ( x already 9 ?is _w2 b a deep] k ( ! tru? w br+ a ke5] self-reproa*4 ,! worm t nev] dies is ?is gnaw+7#ef7 too? ( consci5ce4 ,! fire :i* is n qu5*$ is ! he>t /ill selfi%1 turn$ to evil1 jo9$ ) a consci5ce :i* sees ! good4 ,= man1 z long z he is man1 _c get away f himself4 ,he may sophi/icate himself ) falsehoods1 put 8 consci5ce to sleep1 & imag9e t he has escap$ all ! p5alties ( evil2 b he _c escape f himself4 ,! long] & deep] ! sleep ( consci5ce1 ! m t]rible its f9al awak5+4 ,et]nal puni%m5t1 !re=e1 is ! puni%m5t :i* comes to man f 8 spiritual nature2 f t side ( man :i* connects him ) et]nity1 9 contradi/9ction f temporal puni%m5t1 :i* is t :i* comes f 8 temporal nature & ! temporal _w4 ,?r\gh ! body he receives temporal pleasure or pa9 f ! _w ( "t & space2 ?r\gh ! _s he receives spiritual joy or sorr[ f ! _w ( et]nity & inf9ity4 ,?us intimately are judgm5t & retribution connect$4 ,!re is no?+ arbitr>y ab\t rew>ds or puni%m5ts4 ,!y foll[ naturally & necess>ily f ! revelation ( div9e & et]nal tru?4 ,soon] or lat]1 ! ev]la/+ di/9ctions betwe5 "r & wrong1 good & evil1 make !mselves se5 & kn[n4 ,! di/9ctions betwe5 "r & wrong are et]nal4 ,! idea ( duration is n connect$ ) et]nal puni%m5t or et]nal life2 = ! idea ( duration belongs to "t1 & n to et]nity4 ,human law s5t5ces m51 = crime1 to be puni%$ by imprisonm5t = six mon?s1 ?ree ye>s1 t5 ye>s1 or = life2 b 9 ,god's _w !re is n1 & _c be1 any relation betwe5 a man's guilt & ! precise "t he is to suff]4 ,he mu/ suff] :ile he is guilty1 be ! "t long] or %ort]4 ,:5 he ceases to be guilty1 he mu/ cease to suff]4 ,he !re=e fixes ! duration ( 8 suff]+ himself3 t makes no "p ( ! div9e s5t5ce4 ,if he judges himself unwor?y ( et]nal life dur+ five1 t51 "o hundr$1 or t5 ?\s& million ye>s1 t is = himself to say4 ,god w nev] save him aga9/ 8 w2 & ,god c wait4 ,! sph]e ( "t belongs to man's fre$om2 t ( et]nity1 to ! fre$om ( ,god4 ,& ?is reconciles ! philosophic difficulty4 ,man1 be+ free1 c po/pone 8 submission & ob$i5ce indef9itely2 b1 be+ f9ite1 _c po/pone x inf9itely4 ,at any po9t ( "t1 he may /ill resolve to resi/ ! influx ( et]nal life1 & cont9ue 9 ! sph]e ( dea?3 b et]nity surr\nds "t1 & infolds x2 & 9 et]nity ,god's purposes w be realiz$1 & e knee b[1 ( ?+s 9 heav51 & 9 e>?1 & "u ! e>?4 ,univ]sal h>mony mu/ prevail at la/4 8,et]nal0 & 8ev]la/+0 are two :olly diff]5t ideas4 ,we fully believe 9 et]nal puni%m5t1 b n 9 ev]la/+ puni%m5t4 ,et]nal life is spiritual life3 et]nal suff]+ is spiritual suff]+4 ,! :ole ( antiquity recognizes ?is di/9ction2 & ! ,bible is saturat$ ) x4 ,:5 ,jesus says1 8,he :o believes 9 me has et]nal life abid+ 9 him10 !re is no?+ ab\t duration int5d$ 9 t4 ,:5 he says1 8,?is is life et]nal1 to "k !e ! only true ,god10 !re is no?+ ab\t duration impli$4 ,x is ! quality ( ! life :i* is convey$--spiritual life1 life fl[+ f ! sight ( ,god & ,*ri/4 ,we believe 9 et]nal puni%m5t2 b1 because x is et]nal1 !re=e x is n ev]la/+4 ,et]nal suff]+1 fl[+ f ! sight ( ! et]nal tru? & love ( ,god1 is real suff]+1 because x involves ! sight ( s91 ! consci\sness ( failure1 ! deep conviction ( :at we ought to d & h n done2 b all ?is leads to rep5tance & salvation4 ,:5 ! ,"l turn$ & look$ on ,pet]1 ,pet] w5t into et]nal suff]+4 ,he saw 8 own guilt & ! inf9ite goodness ( 8 ,ma/] at ! same "t4 ,! "o produc$ p5it5ce2 ! o!r1 hope4 ,b1 :5 ,judas hang$ himself1 he did n g into et]nal puni%m5t1 b into temporal4 ,he saw 8 own bas5ess & 8 own folly2 b he did n see ,god's love4 ,if he _h se5 ,god's love & ,*ri/'s p>don+ m]cy1 toge!r ) 8 s91 he w\ld n h hang$ himself2 b1 l ,pet]1 he w\ld h rep5t$1 & gone =? to prea* ! gospel4 ,:5 we see ,god's tru? & love1 we g into et]nal life or into et]nal suff]+1 accord+ to ! direction ( our lives & he>ts4 ,if we are foll[+ ,*ri/1 & try+ to d "r1--if we are n selfi%1 b g5]\s1--!n ! sight ( ,god's love & tru? 9 ,*ri/ leads u directly into spiritual joy2 b if we are selfi%1 & seek+ only our own good1 if we are indiff]5t to ! rights ( our fell[-m51 !n we g into et]nal or spiritual suff]+4 ,! =ce ( et]nal puni%m5t1 !re=e1 is n 9 ! /atem5t t x is nev] to end2 nor 9 any description1 h[ev] vivid1 ( outw>d physical torm5ts4 ,su* descriptions produce excitem5t1 agitation1 t]ror4 ,b ?is is n conviction4 ,! doctr9e1 n be+ 9 h>mony ) ! attributes ( ,god or ! nature ( man1 c nev] be s9c]ely or pr(\ndly believ$4 ,x is inw>dly oppos$ by e ,*ri/ian conviction 9 ! human s\l2 = x is n ,*ri/ian1 b ,pagan4 ,x is a relapse into ,paganism1 an importation ( ,pagan t]rors into ,*ri/ianity4 ,x degrades e s\l t tea*es x1 or t accepts x1 9 ! same way t idolatry degrades x4 ,x puts a veil betwe5 ! s\l & ! true ,god4 ,b ! true ,*ri/ian doctr9e ( et]nal puni%m5t is1 t ! s\l :i* s9s %all et]nally suff]2 t !re is an et]nal di/9ction betwe5 tru? & falsehood1 good & evil2 t spiritual di/9ctions are positive & real2 & t evil is n a m]e negative ?+1 imply+ a little less ( good1 b positive1 be+ ! /ate ( a s\l :i* is repell$1 n attract$1 by ! div9e goodness2 :i* keeps away f ,god1 z ! %ad[ keeps on ! side ( ! globe :i* is away f ! sun4 ,aga93 et]nal suff]+ is ! suff]+ ( et]nity1 z di/+ui%$ f temporal suff]+1 :i* has its root 9 "t4 ,?is is some?+ :i* comes f )91 :ile temporal suff]+ comes f )\t4 ,till man is reconcil$ to ,god by ob$i5ce & love1 he has ! s5t5ce ( dea? 9 himself4 ,?is suff]+ is n arbitr>y1 b fix$ 9 ! nature ( ?+s4 ,z a s9n]1 man mu/ be et]nally sep>at$ inw>dly f ,god1 & !re=e f bliss4 ,8 hell is )9 him1 n )\t4 ,& x is also "h1 z well z h]eaft]1 s9ce et]nity is "h1 no less ?an "t4 ,9 ?is view ( et]nal puni%m5t1 !re is an important tru?--tru? ess5tial to ! j spiritual gr[? ( man4 ,x is ne$$ to resi/ ! t5d5cy to make light ( s94 ,x is ne$$ to oppose ! view :i* makes evil1 z well z good1 a natural gr[?1 & tea*es t all m5 are on _! way upw>d1 & w ultimately fall into heav5 by "s specific levity4 ,x is ne$$ to rem9d u t we mu/ *oose :om we w s]ve1 & t1 consci\sly or unconsci\sly1 we are at all mom5ts t5d+ ei!r upw>d or d[nw>d--ei!r t[>ds ,god or away f him4 ,?is is ! great tru? :i* is (t5 lo/ sight ( by ,lib]al ,*ri/ianity1 & by t easy optimism :i* decl>es t 8:atev] is1 is "r20 b d>kly taught1 because dimly se51 by ,or?odoxy4 ,pagan 9 its =m1 !re is (t5 an ess5tially ,*ri/ian idea communicat$ by ! ,or?odox pulpit4 ,! ,pagan =m may be neglect$ & disbeliev$3 ! ,*ri/ian impression may rema94 ,x tight5s ! n]ves ( ! s\l1 z a cold ba? invigorates ! body made languid by too mu* w>m? & ease4 ,yet1 z long z ! ,pagan =m rema9s1 ! int]ior tru? is %orn ( its full p[]4 ,let u pray t ! tru?1 dive/$ ( its d>k errors1 may at la/ be recogniz$ by ! ,*ri/ian ,*ur*4 ,= v (t5 ! words ( a great writ] & ?9k] 7:o also 0 an e>ne/ oppon5t ( ! ,or?odox =m ( ?is doctr9e7 recur to u 9 ^! /udies3 8,few see ! ?+s !mselves1 b only ! =ms ( ?+s1 9 ! mirror ( reflection1 z images4 ,b we %all at la/ see ! ?+s !mselves face to face1 z x is said1 & )\t a veil1 if x please ,god1 9 "p be=e ! close ( ?is pres5t life1 m fully 9 ! life to come407#eg7 #h4 ,h[ ,judgm5t by ,*ri/ is connect$ ) ,puni%m5t4 ,to :at we h said ( judgm5t by ,*ri/1 9 ! previ\s *apt]1 we add "h "s fur!r ?\ghts 9 reg>d to its connection ) puni%m5t4 ,or?odoxy makes ?is connection arbitr>y & outw>d4 ,= su* s9s1 x says1 ,god has appo9t$ su* a puni%m5t2 & ! object ( judgm5t is to glorify ,god1 by %[+ h[ exact he is 9 f9d+ out e s9n]1 & fulfill+ 8 e ?reat aga9/ evil4 ,b1 accord+ to a bett] view1 :i* alone c comm5d itself to m9ds ( any l>ge range--future judgm5t is simply ! act by :i* ,god %[s to a man ! tru? conc]n+ himself1 s t he c see x4 ,a deaf & dumb *ild be+ ask$1 8,:at is judgm5t80 repli$1 8,judgm5t is to see ourselves z we are1 & to see ,god z he is40 ,?is is ! ess5tial ?+ 9 judgm5t2 & 9 ?is s5se ,*ri/ is decl>$ 8to be ! judge ( ! quick & ! dead20 t is1 he judges u 9 ?is _w1 & w judge u 9 ! o!r _w4 ,8 judgm5ts are n ext]nal1 s5t5c+ u to ext]nal puni%m5ts2 b !y are int]nal1 caus+ u to judge ourselves4 ,he %[s u :at we are4 ,:5ev] he comes1 he comes to judgm5t1 sep>at+ ! good f ! evil1 te/+ ! /ate ( ! he>t1 caus+ m5 to g to ! "r or ! left4 ,8 com+ always makes an issue :i* _c be avoid$2 calls ^u u to decide :i* c\rse we %all take1 :at ?+ we %all d1 :at ma/] we w s]ve4 ,:5 ,*ri/ fir/ came1 he came = judgm5t1 t ! ?\ghts ( _m he>ts might be reveal$1--reveal$ to !mselves & to o!rs4 ,:]ev] he came1 m5 imm$iately 7 divid$ into two classes1--becom+ 8 disciples1 or becom+ 8 oppon5ts4 ,no long] 0 any compromise possible betwe5 tru? & error1 betwe5 "r & wrong4 ,!y 7 oblig$ to *oose :i* to s]ve2 & !y *ose accord+ to ! inw>d t5d5cy ( _! he>ts4 ,!y ^: he>ts 7 "r1 *ose ! "r3 !y ^: he>ts 7 wrong1 *ose ! wrong4 ,*ri/ is ?us ! ,judge ( ! liv+ z well z ! dead4 ,(t5 9 our lives he comes to u ?us to be our ,judge4 ,e "t he calls ^u u to d any?+ = him1 he judges ! /ate ( our he>t4 ,e "t he (f]s an opportunity to ! _w ( improvem5t or progress1 he judges ! _w4 ,:5 he 0 on trial be=e ,caiaphas & be=e ,pilate1 !y 7 on trial1 & n he4 ,:5 !y s5t5c$ him1 !y condemn$ !mselves4 ,dur+ ! :ole ( ^? d>k h\rs1 :5 ,*ri/ 0 buffet$1 spit ^u1 cr[n$ ) ?orns1 to ! eyes ( angels he 0 se5 to be sitt+ on ! ?rone ( 8 glory4 ,caiaphas & ! ,jewi% prie/s1 ,pontius ,pilate & ! ,roman soldi]s1 ,judas ,isc>iot1 ! ,jewi% p1 ea* 9 turn receiv$ _! s5t5ce1 & pass$ to ! left h&4 ,& s ev] s9ce1 :5ev] any great opportunity has be5 giv5 to ! _w to decide betwe5 "r & wrong1 ! _w has pron\nc$ judgm5t on itself2 has gone to ! "r h& ) ! %eep1 or to ! left h& ) ! goats4 ,:5 ,paul (f]$ ,*ri/ianity to ! ,jews1 & !y reject$ x1 he said 8x 0 necess>y t ! ^w ( ,god %\ld fir/ h be5 spok5 to y2 b see+ y put x f y1 & judge y\rselves unwor?y ( et]nal life1 lo1 we turn to ! ,g5tiles40 ,s x always is4 ,god does n judge u1 nor ,*ri/2 b we judge ourselves4 ,= ?is reason ,jesus says1 8,if any man he> me1 & believe n1 ,i judge him n2 = ,i came n to judge ! _w40 ,& aga9 he says1 8,! ^w :i* ,i h spok51 ! same %all judge him at ! la/ day40 ,& yet aga91 8,?is is ! judgm5t1 t light has come into ! _w1 & t m5 h *os5 d>kness r ?an light1 because _! de$s are evil40 ,! acc\nt ( judgm5t 79 ! #be? *apt] ( ,mat!w7 at ,*ri/'s com+ we consid]$ 9 ! la/ *apt]4 ,x w1 h[ev]1 be> a little fur!r exam9ation4 ,!re are ?ree diff]5t judgm5ts indicat$ 9 ! ?ree p>ables ( ! virg9s1 ! tal5ts1 & ! %eep & goats4 ,! fir/ is ! judgm5t ( opportunity1 ! second ( "w1 ! ?ird ( k4 ,9 ! fir/ & second we judge ourselves1 9 ! la/ we are judg$4 ,^! two occur 9 "t1 ! o!r 9 et]nity4 ,! fir/ two are ! judgm5ts :i* take place at ,*ri/'s com+ "h2 ! ?ird is ! judgm5t ( 8! la/ day40 ,! fir/ takes place :5ev] we are 8call$0 by a new opportunity2 ! second comes 9 all retribution2 ! ?ird by ! inw>d revelation ( ,god's tru?1 %[+ m5 :at !y are1 & :at ,god is4 ,! wise & fooli% virg9s repres5t ^? :o are invit$ to receive ,*ri/ianity2 ! s]vants ) ! tal5ts1 believ]s :o h receiv$ x 9 diff]5t degrees2 & ! nations 7hea!n1 77#eh7 ^? 79 ,*ri/5dom or outside ( x7 to :om ,*ri/ianity has nev] come4 #i4 ,! ,doctr9e ( ,annihilation4 ,?is view ( ! f9al results ( moral evil1 z de/roy+ p]sonal exi/5ce1 is h>dly an ,or?odox doctr9e1 ?\gh quasi-,or?odox4 ,x is ! refuge ( t class ( m9ds :i* are unable to accept univ]sal re/oration on ! "o side1 or ev]la/+ puni%m5t on ! o!r4 ,to !m a l>ge numb] ( human be+s seem 8too good = bann+1 & too bad = bless+10 & 9 _! op9ion w be suff]$ quietly to drop out ( consci\s exi/5ce4 ,! analogies ( nature1 9 :i* out ( _m se$s & _m eggs produc$1 only a few atta9 to ! condition ( plants & animals1 t5d to confirm ?is view4 ,! /ate ( human "* "h appe>s also to favor x1 s9ce multitudes pass out ( ?is _w 9 an undevelop$ condition1 seem+ :olly to h fail$ ( ! end ( _! be+4 ,! *ief scriptural argum5t 9 favor ( ! doctr9e is f\nd 9 ! assumption t 8life ?r\gh ,*ri/0 is equival5t to cont9u$ consci\s exi/5ce1 & t 8dea?0 z ! puni%m5t ( s91 is equival5t to annihilation4 ,we h s fully discuss$ ! mean+ ( ^! t]ms 9 ! previ\s *apt]1 t x is n desirable to argue ?is po9t "h4 ,we agree ) ! ,or?odox view1 & diff] f t ( ! annihilationi/s on ?is po9t4 ,! ,god ( ! gospel is ! ,fa!r ( all 8 *ildr5--( ! weake/1 feeble/1 & mo/ s9ful4 ,if he is ! ,god ( all1 !n he is 8! ,god1 n ( ! dead1 b ( ! liv+1 = all live to him40 ,indian tribes & hea!n nations may be will+ t ! sickly infants1 & ^? worn ) age1 %\ld p]i%2 !y may expose female infants1 ?9k+ !m n wor? br++ up2 b ,*ri/ian nations e/abli% s*ools & hospitals = ! deaf & dumb1 ! insane1 ! inebriates1 ! idiotic4 ,if we1 !n1 be+ evil1 "k h[ to c>e = ! weak1 undevelop$1 & vegetative natures1 h[ mu* m %all _! ,fa!r 9 heav5 c>e = !m6 ,! doctr9e ( annihilation re/s fundam5tally on a ,pagan view ( ,god4 #aj4 ,! ,doctr9e ( ,univ]sal ,re/oration4 ,?is op9ion has its roots1 we ?9k1 9 ! gospel4 ,x has prevail$ 9 ! *ur* f ! e>lie/ times1 hav+ be5 held1 z we h se51 by ,orig51 & a great numb] ( em95t *ur* fa!rs & doctors4 ,:at m ,*ri/ian ^w has come to u f ! e>lie/ c5turies ?an ! cry out ( ! he>t ( ! great ,alex&rian tea*]1 8,my ,savi\r1 ev5 n[1 m\rns = my s9s4 ,my ,savi\r _c be happy :ile ,i rema9 9 my iniquity4 ,he does n wi% to dr9k ! cup ( joy alone 9 ! k+dom ( ,god2 he is wait+ till we %all come & jo9 him !re407#ei7 ,our object 9 ?is *apt] is to consid] ! ,or?odox view1 & we %all n1 !re=e1 ent] into any ext5sive argum5t conc]n+ univ]sal salvation4 ,we w only "h indicate ! g5]al scriptural evid5ce 9 its support4 ,! alt]native to ! ,or?odox view ( ev]la/+ puni%m5t is n1 z we h %[n1 necess>ily ,univ]salism4 ,x may be annihilation1 or x may be1 "u ! "n ( et]nal puni%m5t1 a negative evil1 be+ ! privation ( ! highe/ k9d ( happ9ess4 ,/ill1 x seems prop] to sugge/1 if only v briefly1 "s reasons giv5 by ,univ]sali/s = _! belief4 ,9 ! ,epi/les ( ,paul !re are five or six passages1 :i* appe> to tea*1 or to imply1 an ultimate re/oration ( salvation ( all moral be+s4 ,among !m are ^!3-- #a4 ,eph4 #a3i1 #aj4 8,hav+ made kn[n to u ! my/]y ( 8 w1 accord+ to 8 good pleasure1 :i* he ha? purpos$ 9 himself1 t 9 ! disp5sation ( ! fulness ( times he might ga!r toge!r 9 "o all ?+s 9 ,*ri/1 bo? :i* are 9 heav5 & :i* are on e>?1 ev5 9 him40 ,! apo/le is speak+ ( ! 8ri*es ( ,god's grace10 :]e9 8he ha? ab\nd$ t[>d u10 & gives z ! pro( ?is revelation made 9 ,*ri/ ( a great my/]y--t 89 ! disp5sation economy ( ! fulness ( times0 he might br+ into "o 7"u "o head7 8all ?+s 9 heav5 & on e>?40 ,! idea ( ! passage seems evid5tly to be t 9 ! economy1 or ord]1 ( ! div9e plan1 :i* ext5ds ?r\gh indef9ite p]iods ( "t1 all ?+s %all be unit$ "u "o head 9 ,*ri/4 ,b if br\ght "u "o head 7z ! ,greek ^w signifies71 !n all become ,*ri/ians1 all 89 heav5 & e>?40 ,?is w\ld seem to be a v pla9 /atem5t ( a univ]sal re/oration4 ,z su*1 ,ol%aus51 "o ( ! mo/ ,or?odox ( comm5tators1 reg>ds x4 ,he rejects all ! explanations (f]$ by ! advocates ( ev]la/+ puni%m5t z unsatisfactory4 8,x _c be disput$10 he says1 8t 9 x ! re/oration ( all ?+s seems to be aga9 favor$--a view :i* ,paul 9 g5]al1 z has already be5 rem>k$ 7on ,rom4 #aa3cb2 #a ,cor4 #ae3bd2 ,gal4 #c3bb7 says m to support ?an ! o!r writ]s ( ! ,new ,te/am5t40 ,ol%aus5 decl>es ! int]pretations :i* suppose a m]ely ext]nal subjection ( ! _w to ,*ri/ to be entirely inadequate1 & h left unresolv$ ! pr9cipal difficulty1 :i* is1 8h[ ,paul c\ld say t all h a %>e 9 r$emption1 if he held ! common view t ! numb]less ho/s ( angels :o fell1 along ) ! f> greate/ "p ( mank9d 7,matt4 #g3ac1 #ad7 are et]nally damn$1 & ?us %ut out f ! h>mony ( ! univ]se40 ,! def5d]s ( univ]sal re/oration1 says ,ol%aus51 8und]/& ! h>mony ( ! univ]se s]i\sly1 9 its lit]al mean+1 & seem1 accord+ to t1 to be "h 9 ! "r40 #b4 ,phil4 #b3i1 #aj4 8,:]e=e ,god ha? highly exalt$ him1 & giv5 him a "n :i* is above e "n1 t at ! "n ( ,jesus e knee %\ld b[1 ( ?+s 9 heav51 & ?+s on e>?1 & ?+s "u ! e>?1 & t e tongue %\ld confess t ,jesus ,*ri/ is ,"l1 to ! glory ( ,god ! ,fa!r40 ,"h we h 8?+s "u ! e>?0 77 add$ to 8?+s 9 heav5 & on e>?40 ,?is ^w only occurs "h 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t1 b is by ,brets*neid] 7,lex4 ,man47 translat$ 8subt]ranean0 or 8inf]nal10 & appli$ to ! inhabitants ( ,hades1 ) a ref]5ce to ,orig51 :o uses ! ^w 9 relation to ! demons4 ,de ,wette applies ! language to angels1 liv+ m51 & ! dead4 ,at all ev5ts1 x appe>s to include all moral be+s1 & to decl>e t ! :ole human race %all b[ to ,*ri/1 & accept him z ,ma/]4 ,b ?is _c mean a m]ely outw>d submission1 = su* a =c$ & reluctant homage w\ld br+ little honor to ,god1 nor be wor? su* admiration on ! "p ( ! apo/le4 ,x mu/ !re=e mean t all m51 n only all :o n[ live1 b all :o h liv$1 %all f9ally become ,*ri/ians & ent] into ! glory ( ,god4 #c4 ,col4 #a3bj4 8,&1 hav+ made peace by ! blood ( ! cross1 by him to reconcile all ?+s to himself2 by him1 ,i say1 :e!r !y be ?+s 9 e>? or ?+s 9 heav540 ,"h a new feature is add$ to ! /atem5t by ! ^w 8reconcile10 :i* evid5tly expresses ! entire conv]sion ( ! he>t1 & !re=e ( human be+s1 to ! law ( ,*ri/4 #d4 #a ,cor4 #ae3bb4 8,z 9 ,adam all die1 ev5 s 9 ,*ri/ %all all be made alive40 ,! 8all0 mu/ be z ext5sive on "o side z ! o!r4 ,n[1 :e!r ! dea? 9 ,adam be physical or moral1 :e!r x mean ! dissolution ( ! e>?ly body1 or ! loss ( innoc5ce by s91 x c]ta9ly includes all human be+s1 9 ! fulle/ s5se4 ,all m5 die1 & all m5 s94 ,x w\ld !re=e seem t ! o!r 8all0 mu/ be q z compreh5sive4 ,x mu/ include all human be+s4 ,all m5 %all 8be made alive 9 ,*ri/40 ,b ?is _c mean a m]e physical immortality1 or an immortality 9 mis]y2 = "o _c be said to be 8alive 9 ,*ri/0 :o is suff]+ endless torm5t4 ,to be 8alive 9 ,*ri/0 means to be spiritually alive1 = 8he t ha? ! ,son ha? life40 #e4 #a ,cor4 #bd3bh4 ,9 ?is passage ,paul decl>es t all enemies %all be subject to ,*ri/4 ,b ?is1 aga91 _c mean a =c$ submission1 = t is 9 no s5se be+ subject to ,*ri/4 ,*ri/'s subjects are will+ subjects4 ,x !re=e mu/ mean t1 f9ally1 all human be+s %all become ,*ri/ian 9 conviction & 9 he>t4 ,^! five texts f ! apo/le ,paul seem to u v pla9 & conclusive z to 8 op9ions4 ,b p]haps ! /ronge/ evid5ce 9 pro( ( a univ]sal re/oration is to be f\nd 9 ,*ri/'s own p>able ( ! prodigal son4 ,= 9 ?is ! g5u9e _s & purpose ( ! gospel is %[n to be t ,god nev] loses 8 fa!rly love = 8 rebelli\s & lo/ *ildr54 ,on ! contr>y1 8 he>t ye>ns t[>ds !m ) a m e>ne/ affection ?an t[>ds ! holy & good4 ,! prodigal son repres5ts ^? :o are 8dead 9 s940 7,luke #ae3bd-cb47 ,! p>able tea*es t ,god loves !m all ! :ile !y are away1 & t 8!re is m joy 9 heav5 ov] "o s9n] t rep5te? ?an ov] n9ety & n9e j p]sons :o ne$ no rep5tance40 ,n[1 if ,god loves ! s9n]s ?us ^: bodies are yet alive1 does he cease to love !m :5 ! bodily *ange takes place :i* we call dea?8 ,does 8 nature *ange !n8 ,& if n1 does x ev] *ange8 ,aft] millions ( ye>s1 if !y h be5 lo/ & dead s long1 has 8 love become we>y ( wait+1 or does 88 m]cy endure =ev]08 ,to u x seems cle>1 t if ! p>able ( ! prodigal son is to be tak5 z a true /atem5t ( ! feel+ ( ,god t[>ds e s9n]1 t e s9n] mu/ at la/ be br\ght back by ! mighty p[] ( ?is r$eem+ love4 ,! p[] ( ! human w to resi/ ,god is inde$ indef9ite2 b ! p[] ( love is inf9ite4 ,soon] or lat]1 !n1 9 ! economy ( ! ages1 all s9n]s mu/ come back1 9 p5it5ce & %ame1 to _! ,fa!r's h\se1 say+1 8,make u z ?y hir$ s]vants40 ,if s1 if univ]sal re/oration does n mean prim>ily re/oration to outw>d happ9ess1 b to inw>d ob$i5ce1 x seems to u t ! doctr9e may be s /at$ z to be a new motive = pres5t rep5tance & ob$i5ce4 ,may we n say to ! s9n]1 ,y may resi/ ,god to-day1 to-morr[1 = a million ye>s2 b1 soon] or lat]1 y mu/ return1 obey1 rep5t1 & submit8 ,god w sp>e no means to br+ y4 ,8 love to y requires him to use all me?ods1 all t]rors1 all suff]+4 ,! 8worm t nev] dies10 ! 8fire t is nev] qu5*$10 ! 8out] d>kness10--^! are all bless$ means1 9 ! provid5ce ( ! ,almighty1 to br+ ! s9n] back to a s5se ( 8 evil /ate4 ,9 ! o!r _w1 z 9 ?is _w1 ,god w 8*a/5 u1 n = 8 pleasure1 b = our pr(it1 t we may be p>tak]s ( 8 hol9ess40 ,,*apt] ,,xv4 ,,! ,,*ri/ian ,,*ur*4 #a4 ,! ,"q /at$4 ,"o ( ! mo/ int]e/+ que/ions ( ! pres5t "t1 9 practical !ology1 conc]ns ! nature1 au?ority1 organization1 functions1 & future ( ! ,*ri/ian ,*ur*4 ,! int]e/ 9 ?is subject has rec5tly mu* reviv$1 9 consequ5ce ( a reaction t[>ds ! ,roman ,ca?olic or ,high ,*ur* view4 ,?is has appe>$ 9 ! t5d5cy among ,prote/ants to jo9 ! ,ca?olic ,*ur* z ! only true & sav+ ,*ur* ( ,*ri/4 ,! same t5d5cy has tak5 into ! ,*ur* ( ,engl&1 & into ! ,episcopal ,*ur* ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 ^? :o 7 n ready to g z f> z ,rome4 ,x is !re=e important & useful to ask1 ,:at is ! tru? & :at ! error 9 ! diff]5t views conc]n+ ! ,*ur*8 ,^! diff] v widely4 ,! ,roman ,ca?olics decl>e t !irs is ! only true ,*ur*1 & t out ( x is no salvation4 ,_m ,prote/ants reply t ! ,roman ,ca?olic ,*ur* is ,anti*ri/1 & ! only true ,*ur*es are ^? :i* hold ! ,evangelical or ,or?odox cre$4 ,! ,sw$5borgians say t ! ,old ,*ur* came to an end 9 #ageh1 & t s9ce !n ! ,new ,*ur* has tak5 its place4 ,f9ally1 a consid]able numb] ( p]sons ma9ta9 t all ^! *ur*es are worse ?an useless1 & t x is ! duty ( ,*ri/ians to come out1 & be sep>ate f !m all4 ,!y d n believe 9 ! ne$ ( any *ur*1 b w\ld sub/itute = x societies = special purposes1--lyceums & lit]>y clubs = purposes ( m5tal in/ruction2 temp]ance societies1 peace societies1 & o!r associations = moral purposes2 & ,odd-,fell[s associations1 ,masonic associations1 & clubs = social purposes4 ,! "q !n is1 ,is a ,*ri/ian ,*ur* ne$$ = ! p]man5t wants ( man8 ,0 su* a ,*ur* e/abli%$ by ,*ri/8 ,if s1 :i* ,*ur* is x8 ,& :at is to be its future "* & mode ( organization8 ,x is sc>cely necess>y to discuss "h ! ab/ract "q--,is a *ur* an ess5tial want ( man1 s z to be ne$$ by him =ev]8 ,x is en\gh to %[ t a *ur* is ne$$ n[1 & w be1 = a long "t to come4 ,e religion has _h its *ur*4 ,no soon] does a new idea arise1 ?an x is incorporat$ 9 "s outw>d union4 ,! new w9e is put into new bottles4 ,confucius has 8 *ur*1 ,mohamm$ has 8 *ur*2 ev5 ,mormonism & ,spiritualism h e/abli%$ _! *ur*es4 ,! ,*ri/ian ,*ur* arose imm$iately aft] ! asc5sion ( ,jesus2 x came z a matt] ( necessity1 born n ( fle%1 nor ( ! w ( man1 b ( ,god4 ,x has cont9u$ ev] s9ce1 9 ev]-v>y+ =ms1 b "o undy+ body4 ,o!r in/itutions h ris5 & pass$ away4 ,! ,roman empire has disappe>$4 ,! b>b>\s nations ov]fl[$ ,europe1 & !n 7 civiliz$1 ,*ri/ianiz$1 & absorb$ into ! ,*ri/ian ,*ur*4 ,prote/antism sep>at$ f ,romanism1 b ! ,*ur* rema9$ 9 bo?4 ,o!r sects1 ,presbyt]ian1 ,indep5d5t1 ,quak]1 ,me?odi/1 ,bapti/1 ,sw$5borgian1 ,unit>ian1 ,univ]sali/1 sep>at$ f ! ma9 ,prote/ant body1 b ea* took ) x ! *ur*2 ea* has its own *ur*4 ,ev5 ! ,quak]s1 ! mo/ un*ur*$ app>5tly ( any1 :o r5\nc$ ! visible m9i/ry1 & ! visible sacram5ts1 made !mselves pres5tly into ! mo/ compact *ur* ( all4 ,s ! ^w cont9ues ev]more to be made fle%4 ,s all _s pres5tly becomes inc>nate 9 body4 ,! body is outw>d & visible2 ! _s inw>d & invisible4 ,bo? are necess>y to ! life1 gr[?1 & active influ5ce ( ! gospel4 ,)\t ! _s ( ,*ri/ianity1 ! body w\ld be good = no?+2 x w\ld be only a corpse4 ,)\t ! body ( ,*ri/ianity1 ! _s w\ld be comp>atively inactive2 x w\ld be only a gho/4 ,a body )\t _s corrupts & is (f5sive2 a _s )\t body is inop]ative & al>m+4 ,?r\gh body alone ! _s c act2 ?r\gh _s alone ! body c live4 ,)\t ask+1 !re=e1 = any o!r au?ority = ! ,*ur*1 ?an its adaptation to human wants1 we may safely say1 t x is a great mi/ake to suppose we c disp5se ) *ur*es4 ,y _c ov]?r[ ! *ur*es1 n ! weake/ ( !m1 by any ag5cy y c use2 = all came up to meet & supply a want ( ! human s\l4 ,!y are built on t rock4 ,:at w y put 9 _! place8 ,a lyceum8 ,a debat+ society8 ,a re=m club8 ,:at are y to say to ! s\ls ( m51 hung]+ & ?ir/+ = ,god8 ,:at to ! s9n]1 borne d[n by ! mighty weight ( transgression8 ,:at to ! dy+ man1 :o kn[s n h[ to prep>e to meet 8 ,god8 ,we ne$ ! ,*ur* ( ,*ri/--! ,*ur* ^: great aim x is1 & always has be51 to r5ew & reg5]ate ! s\l f its f\ndation1 to lay ! axe at ! root ( ! tree ( evil1 & ! v s\nd ( ^: bell1 roll+ its waves ( music ov] ! sleep+ hills on ! ,sabba? morn+1 is wor? m to ! s\l ?an a ?\s& lyceums & debat+ societies4 ,no2 ! ,*ur* is n to be de/roy$2 x is to be r5ew$ ) a deep] & full] life4 ,we want a bett] ,*ur*1 no d\bt--"o m free 9 its ?\ght1 m active 9 its *>ity1 ) m ( bro!rhood 9 x4 ,we want an apo/olic ,*ur*1 fitt$ to ! ne$s ( ! n9ete5? c5tury4 ,! !ological prea*+ :i* satisfi$ our p>5ts is n :at we wi% n[4 ,we ne$ ,*ri/ianity appli$ to life--! life ( ! individual & ( ! /ate4 ,a bett] ,*ur*1 no d\bt1 is ne$$2 b we want ! *ur*es fulfill$1 n de/roy$4 #b4 ,or?odox ,doctr9e ( ! ,*ur*--,roman ,ca?olic & ,high ,*ur*4 ,admitt+1 !n1 ! p]man5cy ( ! ,*ri/ian ,*ur*1 we next ask1 8,:at is its true =m80 or1 8,:i* is ! true ,*ur*80 or1 aga91 to /ate x 9 ano!r way1 8,is ! =m ( ! ,*ur* p]man5t1 or only its sub/ance8 ,is any union = ,*ri/ian purposes1 = wor%ip & "w1 a ,*ur*1 or mu/ x be f\nd 9 "s p>ticul> organic =m80 ,to ?is "q ,romanism & ,high ,*ur* ,episcopacy reply1 8,x mu/40 ,! re/ ( ,prote/antism answ]s1 8,no40 ,romanism says--,jesus e/abli%$ an ess5tial =m = 8 ,*ur*1 z well z an ess5tial sub/ance4 ,! true ,*ur* is an organization z well def9$ z any corporation = secul> purposes4 ,x has ! monopoly ( sav+ s\ls1 a pat5t "r ( communicat+ spiritual life1 :i* _c lawfully be infr+$ by any o!r corporation4 ,?is "r 0 orig9ally be/[$ on ,/4 ,pet]1 & has be5 transmitt$ by him to 8 successors1 bi%ops ( ,rome4 ,! pro( is 9 ! orig9al de$ ( gift1 8,?\ art ,pet]10 c41 & 9 ! regul>ity ( ! succession ( subsequ5t bi%ops4 8,accord+ to ! ,ca?olic dogma10 says ,gu]icke17#fj7 8! ,*ur* is an outw>d community1 by :i* all communion ) ,*ri/ is condition$ & m$iat$4 ,?is outw>d community is ! true ,*ur*1 ) ! signs ( unity1 univ]sality1 apo/olicity1 & hol9ess1 & is bo? ! only infallible ,*ur*1 & only "o :i* c save ! s\l40 ,?is ,*ur*1 accord+ to ,bell>m9e1 is a :olly visible & outw>d association2 z mu* s z ! k+dom ( ,france or republic ( ,v5ice47#fa7 ,accord+ to ,moehl]17#fb7 ! ,*ur* 8is ! visible community ( believ]s1 f\nd$ by ,*ri/1 9 :i*1 by means ( an endur+ apo/le%ip1 c41 ! works wr\ght by him dur+ 8 e>?ly life are cont9u$ to ! end ( ! _w40 ,! ,roman ,ca?olic idea is ( a visible ,*ur* only1 & n ( a ,*ur* at once visible & invisible1 :i* is ! ,prote/ant notion4 ,x is compos$ ( good & bad1 :ile ! ,prote/ant notion makes ! true ,*ur* consi/ only ( ! reg5]ate47#fc7 ,! *ief refutation ( ?is claim ( ! ,romi% ,*ur* is to be f\nd 9 ! v va/ness ( its assumption4 ,assum+ itself to be ! only true ,*ur*1 & ! only "o f\nd$ by ,*ri/1 we ( c\rse require full & exact evid5ce 9 pro( ( its ass]tion4 ,x mu/ prove1 7#a47 ,t ,jesus f\nd$ an outw>d ,*ur* ( ?is k9d2 7#b47 ,t he made ,pet] its head2 7#c47 ,t he gave ,pet] p[] to cont9ue 8 au?ority to 8 successors2 7#d47 ,t ! bi%ops ( ,rome are ! successors ( ,pet]2 7#e47 ,t ?is succession has be5 p]fect & un9t]rupt$2 7#f47 ,t ! ,roman ,ca?olic ,*ur* is infallible1 & has nev] committ$ any mi/ake2 7#g47 ,t x is ,ca?olic1 & includes all true ,*ri/ians2 7#h47 ,t x is at "o ) itself1 hav+ nev] kn[n divisions2 7#i47 ,t x is ! only holy ,*ur*1 be>+ ! fruits ( ,*ri/ian "* 9 a quality & quantity :i* no o!r ,*ur* c rival4 ,if any "o ( ^! n9e propositions fail1 ! :ole claim ( ,rome falls pro/rate4 ,b !y all fail1 n "o be+ susceptible ( pro(4 ,x _c be made to appe> t ,jesus ev] int5d$ to f\nd a ,*ur* hav+ su* a monopoly ( salvation2 nor t ! apo/le ,pet] 0 ev] plac$ at its head1 ) supreme au?ority27#fd7 nor1 if he _h ?is au?ority1 t he ev] 0 bi%op ( ,rome2 nor1 if he 71 t he transmitt$ 8 au?ority to 8 successors2 nor1 if he did1 t ! bi%ops ( ,rome are 8 successors2 nor1 if !y are1 t ! succession has be5 unbrok52 nor t ! *ur* has be5 actually infallible2 nor t x includes all true ,*ri/ians2 nor t x has be5 free f s*isms2 nor t x has always be5 s pure & holy z to %[ t ,romanism is em95tly ,*ri/ian1 & ,prote/antism n s4 ,! *a9 ( pro(1 !re=e1 :i*1 if "o l9k p>t$1 w\ld be a brok5 *a91 is brok5 at e l9k1 & _c c>ry conviction to any unbiass$ m9d4 ,9 a little "w lately publi%$ 9 ,france by ! ,prote/ant ,pa/or1 ,mr4 ,bo/17#fe7 ! au?or gives z a reason = n be+ a ,ca?olic1 t :ile ! ,*ur* calls on u to submit to its au?ority1 x _c tell :]e ! au?ority resides47#ff7 ,! ,ultramontanes place x 9 ! p]son ( ! pope2 b ! ,gallicans h nev] admitt$ ?is idea1 & place ! supreme au?ority 9 a univ]sal c\ncil4 ,besides1 :at sort ( infallibility is t :i* has tol]at$ ! ,inquisition1 applaud$ ! ,/4 ,b>?olomew massacre1 prea*$ crusades aga9/ ! h]etics 9 ,france1 massacr$ ! ,prote/ants 9 ,holl&1 burn$ t5 ?\s&s at ! /ake 9 ,spa98 ,if x be said t ,prote/ants also h p]secut$1 we reply1 t !y did x aga9/ _! own pr9ciples1 b t ! ,ca?olics p]secut$ 9 accordance ) !irs2 & t ! ,*ur* :i* claims exclusive infallibility & hol9ess has no "r to excuse itself because x has done no worse ?an ^? :i* x d5\nces z be+ 9 error & s94 #c4 ,! ,prote/ant ,or?odox ,idea ( ! ,*ur*4 ,prote/antism does n claim = its ,*ur* exclusive hol9ess or infallibility4 ,x def9es ! ,*ur* to be 8a congregation ( fai?ful m51 9 :i* ! pure ^w ( ,god is prea*$1 & ! sacram5ts duly adm9i/]$407#fg7 ,:y1 !n1 ! reaction t[>ds ,romanism8 ,x is p>tly ow+ to ! passive elem5t 9 man--! wi% to be gov]n$1 ! we>9ess ( indep5d5t ?\ght1 :i* l$ ,wordswor? to say1-- 8,me ?is un*>t]$ fre$om tires10-- & :i*1 9 8,van ,artevelde10 decl>es t1-- ,?\ght is tir$ ( w&]+ ?r\gh ! _w1 ,& homew>d fancy runs its b>k a%ore1-- & p>tly because ! ,prote/ant ,*ur*es are (t5 less active & dilig5t 9 ! practical "p ( ,*ri/ian "w ?an ! ,roman ,ca?olic ,*ur*es4 ,in/ead ( a manly ,prote/antism1 !y give u a dilut$ ,ca?olicism4 ,!y insi/ on a cre$ :i* has nei!r antiquity nor au?ority to recomm5d x1 on sacram5ts t are no real sacram5ts1 b only symbols1 & on a ritual :i* has nei!r ! beauty nor v>iety ( ! ,roman wor%ip4 ,:at does ! ,prote/ant ,*ur* propose to itself z its end8 ,to produce an ab/ract piety1 in/ead ( a concrete piety--n a piety embodi$ 9 life & conduct1 b tak+ only ! =m ( an inw>d exp]i5ce4 ,if ! *ur*es %\ld set !mselves ! "w ( fe$+ ! hungry & clo?+ ! nak$1 ( remov+ ! vices & crimes ( m51 ( help+ ! outca/s & visit+ ! prison]s1 !y w\ld h a m liv+ piety gr[+ out ( ?is active *>ity4 ,_! pray] meet+s w\ld be mu* m vigor\s :5 !y pray$ 9 ord] to "w1 ?an :5 !y pray 9 ord] to pray4 ,m5 %\ld n be admitt$ into ! ,*ur* because !y are pi\s1 b 9 ord] to become pi\s by do+ ,*ri/ian "w4 ,by lov+1 practically1 ! bro!r !y h se51 !y w\ld come to love ,god1 :om !y h n se54 ,aga93 ! ,prote/ant ,*ur* feebly imitates ! ari/ocracy ( ! ,romi% ,*ur*4 ,9 ord] to conqu] ,romanism1 we mu/ g on & leave x beh9d1 seek+ some?+ bett]1 & f9d+ "s m excell5t way4 ,n[1 ! s9 ( ,romanism is its ari/ocracy2 ,prote/antism ought1 !n1 to give u1 9 its ,*ur*1 a ,*ri/ian democracy4 ,b x keeps up ! p]nici\s di/9ction betwe5 cl]gy & laity1 mak+ ! cl]gy a sep>ate class1 & s ju/ify+ ,milton's compla9t t ! 8,presbyt] is only ! old prie/ writt5 l>ge40 ,x makes a di/9ction betwe5 m5 & wom5 9 ! ,*ur*1 n enc\rag+ ! latt] to speak or to vote4 ,x makes a di/9ction betwe5 ! ri* & poor1 sell+ its pews to ^? :o c buy !m1 & leav+ ^? :o are unable to d s outside ( ! sanctu>y4 ,x makes a di/9ction betwe5 ,or?odox & h]etics1 exclud+ ! latt]1 in/ead ( invit+ !m 9 :]e _! errors might be correct$4 ,& f9ally1 x makes an un*ri/ian di/9ction betwe5 good p & bad p2 = :ile ,jesus1 its ,ma/]1 made himself ! fri5d ( publicans & s9n]s1 ! ,*ur* too (t5 turns to !m ! cold %\ld]1 & leaves !m to be cur$ by ! law1 & n ! gospel4 ,! foll[+ say+ ( a sa9t ( ! des]t1 ,abbot ,aga?o1 is report$ by ,dr4 ,newman1 :o tells x z some?+ wise & good4 ,x seems to u to illu/rate1 ) mu* navet1 ! t5d5cy ( bo? ,ca?olic & ,prote/ant ,or?odoxy1 to put "r op9ion above "r conduct4 8,x 0 he>d by "s t ,abbot ,aga?o possess$ ! gift ( discrim9ation4 ,!re=e1 to make trial ( 8 temp]1 !y said to him1 #8,we are told t y are s5sual & haughty4' ,he answ]$1 #8,t is j x4' ,!y said aga91 #8,are y n t ,aga?o :o has su* a f\l tongue8' ,he answ]$1 #8,i am he4' ,!n !y said1 #8,are n y ,aga?o ! h]etic8' ,he made answ]1 #8,no4' ,!n !y ask$ him :y he _h be5 pati5t ( s mu*1 b w\ld n put up ) ?is la/4 ,he answ]$1 #8,by ^? ,i 0 b ca/+ on me evil2 b by ?is ,i %\ld be sev]+ me f ,god4' 0 ,accord+1 !re=e1 to ,aga?o & ,dr4 ,newman1 ! tongue 8:i* is set on fire ( hell10 does n sep>ate u f ,god1 b an error ( op9ion does4 ,pride1 8:i* comes be=e a fall10 & s5suality1 :i* makes ( a man a bea/1 d n come betwe5 ! s\l & ,god s mu* z an hone/ error ( op9ion4 ,! ,prote/ant ,*ur* fails to ov]come ! ,ca?olic ,*ur* only by be+ too mu* l ! latt]4 ,) ,prote/ant ideas1 we h semi-,ca?olic ,*ur*es4 ,we claim z our fundam5tal pr9ciple ! "r ( private judgm5t1 & !n d5\nce & exclude ^? :o diff] f u4 ,we claim t ! s\l is n to be sav$ by monki% seclusion1 by go+ away f ! _w2 & yet we d n prea* & c>ry out 9 our *ur*-action ! purpose ( sav+ ! bodies ( m5 z well z _! s\ls4 ,:5 ! ,prote/ant ,*ur* "w gets m into h>mony ) ,prote/ant ideas1 we %all !n see few] relapses into ,romanism4 #d4 ,*ri/'s ,idea ( a ,*ur*1 or ! ,k+dom ( ,heav54 ,! ,roman ,ca?olics hav+ made ! visible ,*ur*1 or outw>d ,*ri/ian community1 ! c5tral idea ( ,*ri/ianity1 & hav+ *ang$ ?is into a close corporation ( prie/s1 x 0 natural1 p]haps1 t ,prote/ants %\ld g too f> 9 ano!r direction4 ,accord+ly1 ! c5tral idea 9 ,prote/antism is n ! ,*ur*1 b ! salvation ( ! s\l2 n social1 b p]sonal religion2 n ! ,*ri/ian community1 b p]sonal developm5t2 n ! k+dom ( heav5 "h1 b heav5 9 a future life4 ,yet x is true1 & has be5 %[n lately ) great p[]17#fh7 t ! direct & imm$iate object ( ,jesus 0 to e/abli% a community ( believ]s4 ,?is 0 impli$ 9 8 be+ ! ,*ri/1--= ! ,*ri/ 0 to be ! head ( ! k+dom ( heav51--& ! k+dom ( heav5 0 to be an e>?ly & human in/itution4 ,jesus took ! idea ( ! k+dom ( ,god1 z x 0 ann\nc$ by ! prophets2 purifi$1 develop$1 deep5$1 & wid5$ x2 & x result$ 9 8 v>i$ descriptions ( ! 8k+dom ( heav510 ,?is phrase1 9 ! m\? ( ,jesus1 expresses ess5tially :at we mean by 8! ,*ur*40 ,?is w appe> m pla9ly if we sum up ! pr9cipal mean+s ( ! phrase 8k+dom ( ,god0 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t4 ,x is1-- #a4 ,some?+ ne> at h&4 ,m>k #a3ae4 8,! k+dom ( ,god is at h&40 ,luke #i3bg4 8,!re are "s /&+ "h :o %all n ta/e ( dea? till !y see ! k+dom ( ,god40 ,m>k #i3a4 8,!re be "s ( !m :i* /& "h :i* %all n ta/e ( dea? till !y h se5 ! k+dom ( ,god come ) p[]40 #b4 ,x 0 already beg9n+4 ,luke #ag3bj4 8,& :5 he 0 dem&$ ( ! ,ph>isees :5 ! k+dom ( ,god %\ld come1 he answ]$ !m & said1 ,! k+dom ( ,god come? n ) obs]vation1 nei!r %all !y say1 ,lo1 "h6 or1 ,lo1 !re6 = behold1 ! k+dom ( ,god is )9 7or #8among'7 y40 #c4 ,x 0 n ( ?is _w4 ,john #ah3cf4 ,jesus said1 8,my k+dom is n ( ?is _w40 #d4 ,b 0 to be 9 ?is _w4 ,matt4 #f3aj4 8,?y k+dom come1 ?y w be done on e>?1 z x is 9 heav540 #e4 ,9 "s respects x 0 to be an outw>d & visible k+dom1 or an outw>d in/itution4 ,p>able ( ! gra9 ( mu/>d-se$4 ,matt4 #ac3ca1 #cb4 #f4 ,x w\ld conta9 good & bad4 ,p>able ( ! net4 ,matt4 #ac3dg4 #g4 ,x w\ld belong to ,*ri/4 ,col4 #a3ac4 8,ha? translat$ u into ! k+dom ( 8 ,son40 ,luke #bb3cj4 8,ye %all eat & dr9k 9 my k+dom40 ,john #ah3cf4 8,my k+dom is n ( ?is _w40 ,matt4 #af3bh4 8,%all see ! ,son ( man com+ 9 8 k+dom40 #h4 ,x w\ld be f9ally giv5 up to ,god4 #a ,cor4 #ae3bd4 8,!n ! end2 :5 he %all h deliv]$ up ! k+dom to ,god1 ev5 ! ,fa!r10 c4 #i4 ,x is a spiritual k+dom4 ,rom4 #ad3ag4 8,= ! k+dom ( ,god is n meat & dr9k1 b righte\sness1 peace1 & joy 9 ! ,holy ,gho/40 #aj4 ,fle% & blood _c inh]it x4 #a ,cor4 #ae3ej4 8,fle% & blood _c inh]it ! k+dom ( ,god2 nei!r do? corruption inh]it incorruption40 #aa4 ,! conditions ( admission are spiritual4 ,john #c3c4 8,except a man be born aga910 c4 ,matt4 #e3c4 8,bless$ are ! poor 9 _s10 c4 #a ,cor4 #f3i4 8,! unrighte\s %all n inh]it ! k+dom ( ,god40 ,see ,gal4 #e3ba4 ,eph4 #e3e4 #ab4 ,! k+dom 0 to be e/abli%$ by ! ,son ( man at 8 com+4 ,matt4 #bd3cj2 #be3a4 8,!y %all see ! ,son ( man com+ 9 ! cl\ds ( heav510 c4 8,!n %all ! k+dom ( heav5 be lik5$407#fi7 ,*ri/1 !re=e1 _h 9 8 m9d1 z ! direct object ( 8 com+1 to cause ,god's k+dom to come1 & 8 w to be done on e>? z 9 heav54 ,x 0 n 8 direct purpose to tea* ! tru? 9 ab/ract =ms1 l ! philosoph]s2 nor to make atonem5t by 8 dea? = human s9s2 nor to set an example ( a holy life2 nor to make a revelation ( ,god & immortality2 nor to communicate new life to ! _w4 ,^! he did2 b !y came z a "p ( ! k+dom ( heav54 ,!y 7 includ$ 9 ?is great idea4 ,8 k+dom 0 a k+dom ( tru?1 9 :i* 8 ^w 0 to be ! judge4 ,he 0 to reconcile ! _w to ,god by 8 dea?4 ,he 0 to %[ :at man 0 made to be & c\ld become4 ,he 0 to reveal ,god z a ,fa!r to 8 human *ildr54 ,he 0 to set 9 motion a tide ( new spiritual life4 ,b ! ,,me?od by :i* all ?is 0 to be done 0 ! me?od ( a community ( disciples & bre?r51 :o %\ld be 8 apo/les & mission>ies4 ,!y 7 to be an outw>d1 visible association ) ! symbols ( baptism & ! supp]4 ,!y 7 also to be an influ5ce 9 ! _w1 a curr5t ( religi\s life4 ,we f9d t su* 0 ! result4 ,we see ! disciples embodi$ & unit$ 9 a visible community1 :i* spread ?r\gh all ! ,roman empire1 :i* soon _h its tea*]s1 (fic]s1 its meet+s1 its wor%ip1 its sacr$ books1 its sacr$ days4 ,b we f9d also ! l>g] & deep] curr5t ( life1 :i* con/itutes ! invisible ,*ur*1 fl[+1 l a great riv]1 d[n ?r\gh ! c5turies4 ,all ,*ri/ians 9 all ,*ri/ian l&s dr9k f ?is /ream1 & all _! ideas ( ,god1 man1 duty1 immortality1 are color$ & t+$ by x4 ,we read ! ,bible by ! light ( ! convictions we absorb$ at our "m's knee 9 our infancy4 ,we c>ry on our *ur*es 9 ! p[] ( ! holy traditions :i* h become a "p ( our nature4 ,!re is a ,*ri/ian consci\sness :i* gr[s up 9 e *ild :o is born 9 ,*ri/5dom1 & is ! be/ "p ( 8 nature4 ,?is makes him a memb] ( ! invisible ,*ur* be=e he outw>dly becomes a memb] ( ! visible ,*ri/ian community4 #e4 ,*ur* ( ! ,leav51 or ! ,invisible ,*ur*4 ,!re are two p>ables ( ,*ri/ :i* apply to ! ,*ur* visible & invisible4 ,! ,*ur* ,visible is ! ,*ur* ( ! ,mu/>d-se$2 ! ,*ur* ,invisible is ! ,*ur* ( ! ,leav54 ,! =m] is an organization1 ! latt] an influ5ce2 ! "o is body1 & ! o!r _s4 ,! ,visible ,*ur* is limit$ by c]ta9 b\nd>ies2 def9$ by its wor%ip1 cre$s1 (fic]s1 assemblies1 =ms4 ,x has its holy days1 holy places1 holy m51 holy books4 ,b ! ,invisible ,*ur* is n limit$ by any su* b\nd>ies2 x exi/s :]ev] goodness exi/s4 ,! ,*ur* ( ! ,leav5 is to be f\nd inside & outside ( ,or?odoxy2 inside & outside ( pr(ess+ ,*ri/ianity2 among ,jews1 ,mohamm$ans1 ,hea!n2 among ,dei/s & unbeliev]s ( all sorts1 :o build bett] ?an !y "k4 ,= says ,jesus1 8,! w9d bl[e? :]e x li/e?1 & we he> ! s\nd !re(4444 ,s is e "o :o is born ( ! ,_s40 ,a locomotive mu/ run on a track1 a wagon on a road4 ,b !re is no track laid ?r\gh ! sky = ! s\? w9d2 !re is no "t-table to det]m9e ! />t+ & arriv+ ( ! s(t breeze :i* comes f ! f> prairies1 lad5 ) ! sweet fragrance ( t5 ?\s& fl[]s4 8,s is e "o :o is born ( ! ,_s40 ,get out y\r ,cate*ism1 my ,or?odox fri5d2 e/abli%1 de> ,me?odi/ bro!r1 y\r exp]i5ce to det]m9e :e!r "o is conv]t$ or no4 ,settle = y\rself1 excell5t =mali/1 ! signs ( ! true ,*ur*1 out ( :i* !re is no salvation2 & :5 y h got all y\r f5ces arrang$1 & y\r gates built to y\r satisfaction1 y are oblig$ to ?r[ !m all d[n ) y\r own h&s1 to let ,,! ,,*ur* ,,( ,,! ,,leav5 pass ?r\gh4 8,nobody c be sav$10 says ,dogmatic ,*ri/ianity1 8:o does n believe 9 ! ,tr9ity & ! ,atonem5t40 8,nobody c be sav$10 says ,s5tim5tal ,*ri/ianity1 8:o has n _h a consci\s *ange ( he>t40 8 ,nobody c be sav$10 says ,=mal ,*ri/ianity1 8:o is out ( ! true ,*ur* & its sacram5ts40 ,"h are ! ?ree f5ces ( ! ,*ur* ( ! ,mu/>d-se$4 ,b see6 "h comes an innum]able multitude ( little *ildr51 :o h nev] believ$ 9 ,tr9ity or ,atonem5t2 h nev] be5 baptiz$ at all2 h nev] be5 conv]t$4 ,yet nei!r ,dogmati/1 ,s5tim5tali/1 nor ,=mali/ d>es to exclude !m f heav54 ,logic /eps aside2 good feel+ op5s ! ?ree gates2 & ! little ones all walk quietly to ! good ,%eph]d1 :o says1 8,let !m come to me1 & =bid !m n20 ga!r+ ! lambs 9 8 arms1 c>ry+ !m 9 8 bosom1 & t5d]ly lead+ !m 9 ! gre5 pa/ures beside ! /ill wat]s4 ,! little *ildr5 mu/ be all[$ to g ?r\gh2 consi/5cy requires !m to be damn$2 b consi/5cy mu/ take c>e ( itself2 s mu* ! worse = consi/5cy4 ,b :o comes next8 ,"h are all ! hea!n1 :o h n he>d ( ,*ri/4 ,mu/ !y be damn$8 ,accord+ to ! cre$s1 yes2 b mod]n ,or?odoxy has its d\bts2 its he>t has gr[n t5d]4 ,someh[ or o!r we ?9k t we %all h to let !m pass1 be=e a great :ile4 ,!n "h are all ! p :om we h kn[n & lov$4 ,!y did n believe z !y %\ld4 ,!y 7 nev] conv]t$1 s f> z we "k2 !y 7 n memb]s ( any ,*ur*1 true or false4 ,b we lov$ !m4 ,_c ! ?ree f5ces be put aside aga91 j to let ^! fri5ds ( ours pass by4 ,:at k9d-he>t$ ,or?odox man or woman 0 ev] want+ 9 an excuse = lett+ 8 h]etical fri5ds into heav54 8,he *ang$ 8 views v ess5tially be=e he di$4 ,he us$ v ,or?odox language1 to my c]ta9 k4 ,he said he reli$ on ! m]its ( ,*ri/2 or1 at lea/1 he said he believ$ 9 ,*ri/40 ,& s all ! good & k9d dead p mu/ foll[ all ! little *ildr51 & pass ! triple f5ce4 ,!y d n belong to ! ,*ur* ( ! ,mu/>d-se$2 b !y belong to ! ,*ur* ( ! ,leav54 ,^! f5ces are l ! flam+ wall 9 ,tasso2 !y seem impassable1 b z soon z "o comes up to !m !y are f\nd to be no?+4 ,bless$ be ,god t common s5se is /rong] ?an logic2 t humanity is /rong] ?an =ms2 & t l>ge1 k9d ,*ri/ian he>ts are m ?an a mat* = ! some:at n>r[ ,*ri/ian head4 #f4 ,! ,*ur* ( ! ,mu/>d-se$4 ,?is is n ! _s1 b ! body2 n ! life1 b ! organization ( t life4 ,!re is no d\bt t we ne$ a ,*ur* visible z well z a ,*ur* invisible2 ne$ a body z well z a s\l2 & x is a v important "q :at sort ( a body we %all h4 ,s\l1 no d\bt1 is inf9itely m important ?an body2 /ill we d n wi% our body to be lame1 bl9d1 or dyspeptic4 ,because s\l is bett] ?an body1 we d n l rheumatism or neuralgia4 ,our visible ,*ur*1 ! body ( ,*ri/1 is sometimes a little dyspeptic1 & goes ab\t look+ v gloomy & mis]able1 :5 x ought to be z gay z a l>k4 ,sometimes also x seems to be rheumatic2 at any rate1 x _c g & att5d to its "w4 ,x is v subject to fev] & ague2 pl5ty ( meet+s to-day1 all alive ) zeal & heat1 b to-morr[ x is cold & %iv]+4 ,x has its pulmon>y disease too2 its lungs are n /rong en\gh to speak :5 x ought2 to cry out = tru? & "r 9 ! day ( trial4 ,& z we f9d t hygi5ics are bett] ?an !rapeutics = physical diseases1 s1 p]haps1 x w be bett] = u to prev5t ! diseases ( ! ,*ur* by wise arrangem5ts1 :i* %all give x air1 ex]cise1 & a :olesome diet1 ?an to cure x1 :5 sick1 by ! usual m$ic9e ( rebuke1 repro(1 & ascetic mortification4 ,! visible ,*ur* may be look$ at 9 f\r po9ts ( view4 ,we may consid] x z1-- #a4 ,! ,primitive ,*ur*1 or ,*ur* z x 04 #b4 ,! ,*ur* ,actual1 or ,*ur* z x is4 #c4 ,! ,ideal ,*ur*1 or ,*ur* z x ought to be4 #d4 ,! ,possible ,*ur*1 or ,*ur* z x c be4 #g4 ,primitive & ,apo/olic ,*ur*1 or ,*ur* z x 04 ,if we /udy ! nature1 organization1 & "* ( ! primitive ,*ri/ian ,*ur*1 z x appe>s 9 ! book ( ,acts & 9 ! ,epi/les1 we recognize easily ! w>m1 lov+ life :i* 0 9 its spr+ "t1 :5 all buds 7 swell+1 & all fl[]s op5+4 ,x 0 f> f be+ a p]fect ,*ur*4 ,x _h _m errors1 & includ$ _m vices4 ,"s p]sons 9 ! ,*ur* did n believe 9 ! resurrection ( ! dead4 7#a ,cor4 #ae3ab47 ,"s disciples _h n he>d !re 0 a ,holy ,gho/4 7,acts #ai3b47 ,"s ev5 became intoxicat$ at ! ,"l's ,supp]4 7#a ,cor4 #aa3ba1 74 ,"s ,*ri/ians _h to be told n to /eal 7,eph4 #d3bh72 nor to lie1 7,col4 #c3i72 nor to commit o!r immoralities4 ,pet] 7suppos$ to be ! infallible head ( ! ,*ur*7 0 rebuk$ by ,paul = dissimulation4 ,paul & ,b>nabas c\ld n get along toge!r1 b qu>rell$1 & _h to sep>ate4 ,"p ( ! ,*ur* ,judaiz$1 & d5\nc$ ,paul z a false apo/le4 ,ano!r "p ,paganiz$1 & c>ri$ ,paul9e lib]ty into lic5se4 ,& yet1 ?\gh !re 0 s little ( complet$ ,*ri/ian "*1 !re 0 a great am\nt ( spiritual life 9 ! apo/olic ,*ur*4 ,!y are /yl$ sa9ts1 b nev] 0 any?+ less sa9tly ?an ! /ate ( ?+s 9 ! beg9n+4 ,b !y 7 look+ ! "r way1 & go+ 9 ! "r direction4 ,!y 7 full ( fai?1 zeal1 en?usiasm1 & inspiration2 s !y _h 9 !mselves ! promise & expectation ( sa9t%ip1 if n its reality4 ,directly aft] ! asc5sion ( ,*ri/1 & ! wond]ful exp]i5ces ( ! day ( ,p5teco/1 we f9d ! ,*ri/ian community 9 active op]ation4 ,its organization 0 z yet v indef9ite2 t 0 to come by degrees4 ,x 0 a ,*ur* )\t a cre$2 its only cre$ 0 a decl>ation ( fai? 9 ,jesus z ! ,*ri/1 ! ,son ( ,god4 ,x 0 a ,*ur* )\t a bi%op1 or a s+le head ( any k9d2 = ,pet]1 ,james1 & ,john seem all ?ree to h possess$ an equal influ5ce 9 x1 & t influ5ce 0 d]iv$ f _! "*4 ,paul tells u expressly1 9 ! ,epi/le to ! ,galatians1 t :5 he w5t up to ,j]usalem1 long aft] 8 conv]sion1 ,pet]1 ,james1 & ,john 8seem$ to be pill>s0 !re4 ,no m5tion is made any:]e 9 ! book ( ,acts ( a s+le bi%op presid+ ov] ! ,*ur* at ,j]usalem1 or ov] any o!r ,*ur*4 ,& z to ! ,romi% ,*ur*1 :i* claims to be ! olde/ ,*ur*1 & ! "m ( all ! re/1 x 0 n yet f\nd$ at all1 :5 ! ,*ur* at ,j]usalem 0 e/abli%$4 ,nor 0 ! ,*ur* at ,rome z old z ! ,*ur*es at ,antio*1 at ,ly/ra1 at ,iconium1 & else:]e1 = ,paul & ,b>nabas orda9$ eld]s 9 all ^! *ur*es1 z we are expressly told 9 ,acts #ad?2 & 9 ,acts #ae3g we f9d ,pet] /ill at ,j]usalem4 ,if !re 0 any *ur* at ,rome1 ,pet] 0 n its bi%op2 !n ei!r x 0 a *ur* )\t a bi%op1 or ,pet] 0 n its fir/ bi%op4 ,we f9d also t z ! apo/olic ,*ur* _h no cre$ & no bi%op1 nei!r _h x any fix$ or settl$ =ms4 ,its =ms & usages grew up naturally1 accord+ z conv5i5ce requir$4 ,?us 7,acts #f3a-e7 we f9d t ! apo/les recomm5d$ ! disciples to *oose sev5 p]sons to att5d to ! di/ribution ( *>ity4 8,a murmur+ arose0 because ! ,greek wid[s 7 neglect$--neglect$1 probably1 because n s well kn[n z ! o!rs4 ,?is %[s t !re 7 no fix$1 e/abli%$ =ms2 ev5 ! ord] ( deacons 0 orig9at$ to meet an occasion4 ,t !y _h no =m ( s]vice1 no fix$ ,liturgy1 9 ! apo/olic ,*ur*1 appe>s f #a ,cor4 #ad3bf4 8,h[ is x1 bre?r51 :5 ye come toge!r1 e "o ( y ha? a psalm1 a doctr9e1 a tongue1 a revelation1 an int]pretation8 ,let ! prophets speak1 two or ?ree1 & ! o!rs judge1 & if any?+ be reveal$ to ano!r t sitte? by1 let ! fir/ hold 8 peace4 ,y may all prophesy "o by "o1 t all may le>n1 & all be com=t$40 ,n[1 x is v evid5t no fix$ or =mal s]vice c\ld h be5 e/abli%$ 9 ! *ur*es :5 he recomm5d$ ?is4 ,b ?\gh ! apo/olic ,*ur* _h nei!r bi%op1 nor cre$1 nor fix$ =ms1 nor a fix$ body ( (fic]s1 x _h some?+ bett]--x _h fai? 9 ,god1 & mutual love4 8,! multitude ( !m t believ$ 7 ( "o he>t & "o s\l2 nei!r said any man t aught t he possess$ 0 8 own1 b !y _h all ?+s common40 ,we d n f9d an absolute community ( prop]ty e/abli%$ by a law ( ! ,*ur*1 z 9 ! mona/ic ord]s1 or z 9 ! s*ool ( ,py?agoras1 & "s mod]n communities1 z t ( ,/4 ,simon2 = ,pet] says to ,ananias1 ( 8 prop]ty1 8,:ile x rema9$1 0 x n ?9e own8 & aft] x 0 sold1 0 x n 9 ?9e own p[]80 ,b ?\gh _! prop]ty 0 9 _! own p[]1 !y did n call x _! own1 or consid] x s2 x belong$ to ,god3 !y 7 only /ew>ds1 & !y readily br\ght x1 & gave x to ! use ( ! ,*ur*4 ,! apo/olic ,*ur* 0 a home ( peace & joy4 ,:atev] tribulations !y might h 9 ! _w1 :5 !y met toge!r !y met ,*ri/1 & ate _! meat ) gladness & s+l5ess ( he>t4 ,!y 7 9 an atmosph]e ( love & fre$om4 ,we he> ( no rules1 no laws1 no con/ra9+ =ms2 b all 7 l$ by ! ,_s ( ,god4 ,ev5 9 _! public s]vice1 z we h se51 ?\gh ,paul recomm5d$ a great] ord]1 x 0 n bas$ on au?ority1 b on ! s5se ( propriety ( ea* individual1 because ,god 0 n ! ,god ( confusion1 b ( peace4 ,su* 0 ! orig9al ,*ur*1 z describ$ 9 ! ,acts & ,epi/les4 ,x sprang up because x 0 want$1 & ,*ri/ =esaw t x w\ld be4 ,x 0 f\nd$ n on an arbitr>y comm&1 b on ! ne$s ( human nature4 ,man is n a solit>y1 b a social be+4 ,he ne$s society 9 8 labors & 9 8 joys2 society 9 /udy1 society 9 relaxation4 ,ev5 9 ! highe/ act ( 8 life1--9 ! act ( pray]1 9 communion ) ,god2 9 t act1 call$ by an anci5t ,platoni/ 8! flight ( "o alone to ! only ,"o10--ev5 !n he _c be alone4 ,9 ! union ( man ) man 9 any natural & true relation1 8 ?\ght becomes m cle>1 8 w m firm1 8 devotion m pr(\nd1 8 affections m enl>g$4 ,! broad] & deep] ! basis ( ! union1 ! m x blesses & helps him4 ,a fri5d%ip bas$ ^u ! k & love ( ! same ,god1 :at c be bett] = u ?an ?is8 ,?us we see t ! apo/olic ,*ur* 0 a home = ,*ri/'s family 7,matt4 #ab3di72 a s*ool = 8 disciples2 a frat]nity ( bre?r54 ,= discipl9e1 x _h (fic]s1 b no cl]gy1 nor prie/hood1 = all 7 prie/s1 & all took "p 9 ! s]vices4 7#a ,pet] #b3e2 ,rom4 #a3f2 #a ,cor4 #ad3bf47 ,its only cre$ 0 a belief 9 ,jesus z ! ,*ri/1 ! ,son ( ,god4 7,acts #h3cg2 #af3ca4 #a ,john #d3ae2 #e3e1 #aj4 ,rom4 #aj3i47 ,! unity ( ! ,*ur* 0 n ! unity ( op9ion1 nor ! unity ( c]emonies1 b ! bond ( ! ,_s 7,eph4 #d3c71 & ! c5tral unities ( fai?1 n ( doctr9e 7,eph4 #d3e47 ,! object ( ! ,*ur* s]vice 0 n m]ely to p>take ! ,"l's ,supp] toge!r1 nor to ma9ta9 public wor%ip1 nor to def5d & propagate a cre$1 nor to call m5 into an outw>d organization1 nor to ga!r pi\s p toge!r1 & keep !m safe z 9 an ark1 b to d good & get good--to gr[ up 9 all ?+s into ,him :o is ! ,head4 ,& ! condition ( memb]%ip 0 to wi% to be sav$ f s91 & to h fai? 9 ,*ri/ t he c\ld save !m2 x 0 to hung] & ?ir/ aft] righte\sness4 #h4 ,! ,actual ,*ur*1 or ! ,*ur* z x is4 ,n[1 if we turn f ! ,*ur* z x 0 to ! ,*ur* z x is1--f ! apo/olic ,*ur* to ^? ar\nd u1--we see a diff]5ce4 ,in/ead ( ! fre$om & union :i* 7 9 ! e>ly ,*ur*1 we f9d 9 ! ,roman ,ca?olic communion union1 b no fre$om2 9 ! ,prote/ant ,*ur*es fre$om1 b no union4 ,9 bo? we f9d ! ,*ur* built on ! m9i/ry1 in/ead ( ! m9i/ry on ! ,*ur*2 ! prie/s ev]y?+1 ! p no?+2 fix$ =ms1 in/ead ( a free movem5t2 dead cre$s1 in/ead ( a liv+ fai?4 ,! _s ( worldl9ess has ent]$ ! *ur*es1 & !y try to s]ve ,god & ,mammon2 ,god on ,sunday1 & ,mammon on ! week days4 ,! memb]s ( ! *ur*es are m dev\t & m religi\s1 b n m moral or m humane1 ?an _m :o are out ( _! body4 ,& because !y d n love man :om !y h se51 !y f9d x h>d to love ,god1 :om !y h n se54 ,_! want ( humanity de/roys _! piety4 ,a va/ am\nt ( good is done by ! *ur*es1 ev5 9 _! pres5t /ate2 b :5 we ?9k ( :at !y might d1 x seems no?+4 ,yet x is n no?+4 ,c\ld we "k ! good done by ! m]e s\nd ( ! *ur* bells on ,sunday1 by ! quiet assembl+ ( peaceful multitudes 9 _! diff]5t *ur*es2 c\ld we measure ! am\nt ( awe & rev]5ce :i* falls ov] e m9d1 re/ra9+ ! reckless1 *eck+ _m a half-=m$ purpose ( evil1 r\s+ pur] associations & memories1 call+ up rem9isc5ces ( innoc5t *ildhood 9 ! deprav$ he>t ( man2 c\ld we "k h[ _m s\ls are r\s$ to a bett] life1 made to realize _! immortal nature1 rem9d$ ( a judgm5t to come2 c\ld we see h[ _m s\ls1 on e ,sabba?1 9 our ?\s&s ( *ur*es1 are turn$ f s9 to ,god1 h[ _m sorr[+ he>ts are consol$ by ! sweet promises ( ! gospel2 c\ld we see1 z ,god sees & ! angels see1 all ?is1--we %\ld feel t ! *ur*es1 9 _! greate/ feebl5ess1 are yet ! in/rum5ts ( an incalculable good4 ,b :5 we look at :at is to be done1 :at ought to be done1 :at c\ld be done by !m1 _! pres5t /ate seems mo/ =lorn4 ,x is "o ( ! mo/ difficult ( our duties n to despise an imp]fect good1 & yet n to be satisfi$ ) x4 ,"o ( ! greate/ evils ( our *ur*es is1 t !y are *ur*es ( ! cl]gy1 n ( ! p4 ,our cl]gy are g5]ally pure-m9d$1 well-int5tion$ m51 less selfi% & worldly ?an mo/ m52 b !y are n equal to ! dem&s ( _! position4 ,we take a "y man1 s5d him to college1 !n to a !ological s*ool1 :]e he /udies 8 ,greek v fai?fully1 & le>ns to write s]mons4 ,he comes out1 tw5ty-two ye>s old1 a pleas+ speak]1 & is imm$iately settl$ & orda9$ ov] a l>ge long-e/abli%$ *ur*4 ,z he rises 9 ! pulpit & looks d[n on 8 congregation1 "o w\ld ?9k he w\ld despair4 ,:at c he say to !m8 ,he kn[s no?+ ( human nature1 ( its /ruggles & s9s1 its temptations 9 ! %op & ! /reet4 ,m5 d n curse at him1 nor try to *eat him1 nor entice him into b>-rooms1 oy/]-cell>s1 billi>d-rooms1 & !atres4 ,he _c speak to m5 ( _! vices1 _! /ony & h>d he>ts1 _! utt] unbelief1 _! cry+ selfi%ness1 = he kn[s no?+ ( x4 ,he mu/ speak ( s9 9 ! ab/ract1 n ( s9 9 ! concrete4 ,if he did1 :at c\ld he say8 ,:at weapons has he8 ,! sword ( ! ,_s is 9 8 h&s1 b he has n tri$ x2 he has no confid5ce 9 x4 ,! awful tru?s ( ! ,bible1 :i* smite ! /\te/ s9n] to ! e>?1 ^! he might utt]1 if he d>$2 b he kn[s n h[4 ,& yet he is ! tea*] ( ^! gray-head$ m51 & _! only tea*]4 ,_h he gone out z ,jesus s5t 8 disciples1 )\t purse or %oes or two coats1 & prea*$ ! gospel = t5 ye>s by ! way-side1 9 cottages1 9 s*ool-h\ses1 liv+ h>d1 sleep+ on ! floor1 see+ m5 & wom5 ev]y:]e )\t disguise1 & tak+ no ?\ght be=eh& :at to say1 b lean+ on ,god = 8 inspiration1--!n might he h le>n$ h[ to say some?+ weighty ev5 to a great congregation4 ,or if ?is poor boy 7 surr\nd$ by a liv+ active *ur*1 help+ him by advice1 go+ ) him into ! h\se ( sorr[1 ! haunt ( s91 kneel+ ) him by ! sick c\* & dea?-b$1 & add+ to 8 small exp]i5ce ! :ole v>iety & ri*ness ( !irs1--!n might he be a man ( ,god1 ?or\ghly furni%$ = e "w4 ,if !re 7 ,judaism & ,paganism 9 ! e>ly ,*ur*1 !y /ill1 no d\bt1 l+] 9 our *ur*es to-day4 ,! ,*ur* ,judaizes 9 ?is--t x /ill puts =ms above life4 ,= example1 ! ,roman ,ca?olic ,*ur* tea*es t if y take a *ild1 & put wat] ^u him1 repeat+ ! baptismal =mula1 & ) ! int5tion ( baptiz+ him1 ! *ild becomes 9 t mom5t reg5]ate4 ,if he _h di$ ! mom5t be=e1 he w\ld h be5 damn$ =ev] 9 et]nal torm5ts2 if he dies ! mom5t aft]1 he w g to et]nal bliss 9 heav54 ,n[1 if an e>?ly p>5t %\ld cov] 8 *ild's body ) camph5e1 & !n set x on fire1 because somebody _h n baptiz$ x1 we %\ld say he 0 a v cruel p>5t4 ,b ?is conduct is attribut$ to ! good ,god by ! ,roman ,ca?olic doctr9e4 ,moreov]1 :5 an outw>d =m is made ?us ess5tial1 :5 ev]la/+ salvation or damnation dep5ds on x1 x behooves u to "k :at x is4 ,baptism consi/s ( ?ree p>ts--! wat]1 ! =mula1 & ! int5tion ( ! baptiz]4 ,b z to ! wat]1 we may ask1 ,h[ mu* is ess5tial8 ,is x ess5tial t !re be en\gh to entirely imm]se ! body8 ,! ,ca?olic ,*ur* replies1 8,no40 ,is ! aque\s vapor always pres5t 9 ! air en\gh8 ,x answ]s1 8,no1 t is n en\gh40 ,at :at precise po9t1 !n1 betwe5 ^! two1 does en\gh beg91 does baptism take place1 & ! *ild cease to be a *ild ( p]dition1 & become an heir ( salvation8 ,! ,roman ,ca?olic ,*ur*1 be+ oblig$ to answ] ?is "q1 has answ]$ x ?us3 ,!re is no baptism until wat] en\gh to run is put on ! *ild4 ,a drop :i* w n run1 does n baptize him2 a drop :i* w run1 baptizes him4 ,! diff]5ce1 !n1 betwe5 ^! two drops1 is ! diff]5ce to ! *ild betwe5 et]nal damnation & et]nal salvation47#gj7 ,h[ does ?is s\nd by ! side ( ! decl>ation ( ! apo/le ,paul--8,he is n a ,jew :o is "o outw>dly1 nei!r is circumcision outw>d 9 ! fle%2 b he is a ,jew :o is "o inw>dly1 & circumcision is ( ! he>t08 ,judaism1 if any?+1 0 an outw>d in/itution2 ,*ri/ianity1 if any?+1 is an inw>d life4 ,& yet t :i* ! apo/le ,paul said ( ,judaism we h>dly to-day w\ld v5ture to say ( ,*ri/ianity4 8,he is n a ,*ri/ian :o is "o outw>dly1 nei!r is ,*ri/ianity 9 outw>d belief1 pr(ession1 or aspect2 b he is a ,*ri/ian :o is "o inw>dly40 8,o1 no60 we say1 8!re mu/ be a di/9ction4 ,a man :o does n believe 9 ! miracles1 = example1 may be a good man1 b y mu/ n call him a ,*ri/ian40 ,b he :o foll[s ,*ri/1 we ?9k1 is a ,*ri/ian4 ,& z ,*ri/ walks be=e mank9d on ! div9e road ( goodness1 tru?1 love1 purity1 he :o walks on t road _c help be+ a foll[] ( ,*ri/1 :atev] he may call himself4 ,h[ ! ,*ur* ,judaizes ab\t ! ,sabba?--pret5d+1 fir/1 t !re is a ,sabba? 9 ,*ri/ianity1 & tea*+ p t !re is a sort ( piety 9 call+ ,sunday ! ,sabba?1 & next putt+ ?is ritual obs]vance1 ?is ab/95ce f labor & amusem5t1 on a level ) moral duties6 ,:5 m5 ti! m9t1 !y are apt to =get ju/ice & m]cy4 ,if ,jesus 7 to return1 aft] all ^! c5turies1 & 7 only to d & say j :at he did & said ab\t ! ,sabba? :5 he 0 "h be=e1 !re are _m pi\s ,prote/ants :o w\ld ?9k him r lax 9 8 religi\s pr9ciples4 ,h[ long he has be5 ) u1 & yet we h n kn[n him6 ,an ,am]ican ,prote/ant bi%op once =bade a cl]gyman ( 8 *ur* to (ficiate aga91 because ?is cl]gyman _h invit$ a ,me?odi/ m9i/] to assi/ him 9 ! adm9i/ration ( ! sacram5t4 ,?is is backslid+ a good way f ! position ( ,him :o said1 8,=bid him n3 he t is n aga9/ u is ) u40 ,& aga93 8,:osoev] wi%es to d ! w ( ,god1 ! same is my "m1 my si/]1 & my bro!r40 ,de> ,ma/]6 is ?y ,*ur* s broad z to include all :o desire to d ! w ( ,god1 & are our *ur*es s n>r[ t !y _c hold any b ^? :o agree ) u 9 our little notions ab\t c]emony & =m8 ,ha/ ?\ be5 s long "t ) u1 & yet h we n kn[n !e8 ,! ,*ur* ,actual is a timid ,*ur*4 ,x is afraid ( tru?1 & afraid ( love4 ,its cre$ is full ( my/]ies too solemn & sacr$ to be exam9$4 ,!y are ! seal$ book ( ! prophet1 :i* is giv5 to ! le>n$ cl]gy1 & to ! unle>n$ laity2 & ! answ] ( ! unle>n$ laity is1 8,we are n le>n$40 ,& ! answ] ( ! le>n$ cl]gy is1 8,x is seal$4 ,x is a my/]y4 ,we mu/ n ev5 try to und]/& x40 ,! ,actual ,*ur* is n fond ( a free exam9ation ( its t5ets1 b r represses x by ! flam+ t]rors ( p]dition imp5d+ ov] hone/ error4 ,! ,*ur* ,actual /icks 9 ! lett]4 ,h[ x idolizes ! ,bible6 ,b :5 y ask1 ,:at8 y f9d x is r ! lett] ( ! ,bible ?an its manly1 g5]\s1 humane1 & holy _s4 ,x babbles ( v]bal inspiration & lit]al inspiration1 :i* are phrases z absurd z x w\ld be to say 8bodily _s40 ,"q ! inspiration ( ! lett]1 & a ?\s& voices cry1 8,y are cutt+ away ! v f\ndations ( our fai?4 ,if we _c believe e lett] ( ! ,bible to be f ,god1 we h no?+ to hold by40 ,b ! apo/le ,paul ?\ght some:at diff]5tly1 :5 he said1 8,:o ha? also made u able m9i/]s ( ! ,new ,te/am5t1 n ( ! lett]1 b ( ! _s2 = ! lett] kille?1 b ! _s give? life40 ,! ,am]ican ,bible ,society appo9t$ a committee ( le>n$ p]sons to revise ! pres5t translation ( ! ,bible--n to make a new translation by any means1 b m]ely to correct palpable blund]s ( ! press1 palpable errors 9 ! head+s ( *apt]s1 or univ]sally admitt$ mi/akes ( ! translators4 ,! le>n$ m5 did _! "w4 ,x 0 exam9$1 pr9t$--ab\t to be publi%$4 ,b an outcry 0 made1 t ! ,bible ,society1 9 tak+ away ^! few errors ( ! press1 0 tak+ away our ,bible4 ,! ,*ri/ian public1 9 ! middle ( ! n9ete5? c5tury1 has be5 s in/ruct$1 t :5 a few errors 9 ! lett] ( ! outw>d ^w are correct$1 x cries out1 8,!y h tak5 away my ,"l1 & ,i "k n :]e !y h laid him40 ,! ,*ur* ,actual is sect>ian4 ,e *ur* is try+ to swell its numb]s at ! exp5se ( its neighbors4 ,we d n ?9k t a ,*ri/ian ,*ur* %\ld be con/ruct$ on ! pr9ciple ( a m\se-trap1 :i* x is easy en\gh to get into1 b h>d to get out (4 ,we d n ?9k x "r t "y p]sons1 9 ! gl[ ( _! piety1 %\ld be drawn into a *ur*1 )\t be+ told t if !y %\ld *ange _! views on any important po9t1 !y _c leave x except by be+ excommunicat$ publicly4 ,b !re are *ur*es 9 ,new ,engl& :i* h _m v easy & agreeable entrances1 b only two exits--v difficult & disagreeable4 ,if "o wi%es to leave1 he is dismiss$ ) a lett] direct$ to "s o!r *ur* ( ! same cre$1 & n till he has jo9$ "s su* *ur*1 & a c]tificate is s5t back to t effect1 is he releas$ f 8 obligations4 ,! ,*ur* is !re=e l a city on a hill1 ) a palisade f5ce all r\nd1 ) op5+s by :i* "o c get 91 b n out2 & hav+ only two outlets--"o by a gate kept c>efully lock$1 & ! o!r ov] a /eep wall1 fifty feet high4 ,y h y\r *oice ( ?ree ?+s3 #a4 ,/ay :]e y are2 #b4 ,g ?r\gh ! gate into ano!r palisad$ enclosure2 #c4 ,be pit*$ d[n ! ,t>peian rock ( excommunication47#ga7 ,?us we see t ! ,*ur* ,actual diff]s mu*1 & (t5 = ! worse1 f ! ,*ur* ,primitive4 ,x is n n[ a home or a frat]nity1 = its memb]s (t5 d n "k ea* o!r by sight4 ,x is n a s*ool ( disciples1 = x is ?\ght necess>y to take y\r :ole cre$ at once1 ready made1 & n le>n x by degrees4 ,! wor%ip is too (t5 by ! m9i/] & *oir1 ! p be+ only spectators4 ,in/ead ( ! simple orig9al fai? 9 ,jesus z ! ,*ri/1 ! p are taught long & complicat$ cre$s4 ,in/ead ( a unity ( conviction1 see+ ! same ?+s1 !re is only a unity ( expression1 say+ ! same ?+s4 ,in/ead ( seek+ to save ! outca/s1 infidels1 vici\s2 *ur*es are built & occupi$ by ,*ri/ians !mselves1 z ?\gh ,*ri/ came to call only ! righte\s to rep5tance4 ,!re may be1 9 our great cities1 a *ur* to e two ?\s& p]sons2 b e seat 9 e *ur* is b\ght & occupi$ by ! respectable & com=table classes4 ,! gospel is prea*$1 b no long] to ! poor4 ,!re is some?+ wrong 9 all ?is4 #i4 ,! ,*ur* ,ideal1 or ,*ur* z x ought to be4 ,! ,*ur* ,ideal is full ( life1 p[]1 love1 fre$om4 ,x is a tea*+ ,*ur*2 call+ m5 out ( d>kness into m>vell\s light1 ?r[+ light on all ! my/]ies ( human exi/5ce4 ,x takes ! little *ild & tea*es x conc]n+ its duty & de/9y4 ,x organizes s*ools ?r\gh e ,*ri/ian nation1 s t all ,*ri/ian *ildr5 %all be taught ( ,god1 & t great %all be _! peace4 ,x tea*es sy/ematically & ?or\ghly all classes ( society2 s t all1 f lea/ to ! greate/1 "k ! ,"l4 ,x organizes missions to all hea!n l&s1 & its mission>ies are s true1 noble1 k9d1 s reflect ! life ( ,jesus 9 _! own1 t ! hea!n come fly+ l cl\ds1 & l flocks ( doves1 to ! w9d[s ( ! holy home4 ,! dusky1 & sw>m+ races ( ,h9do/an1 ! mild & /udi\s ,*9am51 come fl[+ to ,*ri/1 z ! long undulat+ cl\ds ( pigeons d>k5 along ! ,octob] sky 9 our we/]n =e/s4 ,! ideal ,*ur* is a lov+ ,*ur*4 ,x loves m5 out ( _! s9s4 ,x seeks ! poor & =lorn1 ! h>d-he>t$ & imp5it5t1 & by unwe>i$ pati5ce soo!s _! h>% _s4 ,ent] its gates1 & y f9d y\rself 9 an atmosph]e ( affection4 ,! /rong be> ! infirmities ( ! weak4 ,ea* seeks ! l[e/ place = himself4 ,!y love to wa% ! disciples' feet4 ,! ,ideal ,*ur* is an active ,*ur*4 ,all ! memb]s "w toge!r = ! build+ up ( ! body2 "s aft] ?is fa%ion1 o!rs aft] t4 8,s ! :ole body1 fitly jo9$ toge!r1 & compact$ by t :i* e jo9t supplie?10 is built up 9 love4 ,is !re any ru9\s vice1 any corrod+ s91 any fe/]+ moral disease 9 ! l&8 ,! ,ideal ,*ur* se>*es = its root1 & f9ds its cure4 ,x takes ! intemp]ate man by ! h&1 & w n let him g till he ab/a9s4 ,x p5etrates into e haunt ( s9 & pollution1 & br+s =? ! half-ru9$ *ild1 triumphantly leads out ! corrupt woman1 & places !m 9 new homes4 ,! ,ideal ,*ur* does n dispute ab\t doctr9es or dogmas4 ,x says to ea*1 8,to y\r ,ma/] y %all /& or fall1 n to me40 ,!re=e ! ,ideal ,*ur* is an e>?ly heav54 ,!re is 9 x a w>m1 s]5e1 sunny atmosph]e2 a sky )\t cl\ds2 ! society ( love1 ! solitude ( m$itation1 ! inaccessible m\nta9 tops ( pray]2 ! l[-ly+1 quiet valleys1 :]e ! wick$ cease f tr\bl+1 & ! we>y are at re/4 ,b :]e is ! ,ideal ,*ur*8 ,we h se5 t x is n 9 ! pa/1 :]e _m look = x4 ,! gold5 age ( ! ,*ur*1 ! ,p>adisiacal /ate ( ,*ri/ianity1 is n beh9d u4 ,0 ! ,ideal ,*ur* t :i* p]secut$ ,paul = r5\nc+ ,judaism8 ,0 x any ( ! ,*ur*es describ$ by ,john 9 ! book ( ,revelation8 t ( ,ephesus1 :i* _h 8left its fir/ love08 t ( ,p]gamos1 :i* conta9$ h]etical tea*]s8 t ( ,?yatira1 :i* commun$ ) ,jezebel & ! dep?s ( ,satan8 t ( ,s>dis1 :i* _h 8a "n to live1 & 0 dead08 or t ( ,laodicea1 :i* 0 lukew>m8 ,0 t an ,ideal ,*ur* :]e ,paul 0 oblig$ to write to ,titus t a bi%op mu/ n be a /rik]1 nor giv5 to w9e1 nor to fil?y lucre8 & to advise ,timo?y to avoid 8pr(ane & va9 babbl+08 ,!re 0 m life 9 x ?an 9 ! ,*ur* n[2 a great /ruggl+1 b undevelop$ p[] ( life1 heav+ & toss+ ! ,*ur*1 z ) subt]ranean fire--smoke & flame bur/+ =? toge!r2 a great p[] ( life1 b little *ance ( doctr9e z yet2 little h>mony ( action2 little 9 accordance ) our ideas ( dec5cy & ord]4 ,x 0 ! spr+ "t1 & z 9 ! spr+ !re is a great p[] ( life 9 nature1 swell+ all buds1 pu%+ all %oots1 unfold+ leaves1--b all ?+s /ill b>e2 few fl[]s1 no fruit1--s x 0 9 ! ,primitive ,*ur*4 ,x 0 n ,ideal4 ,! ,ideal ,*ur* is be=e u1 n beh9d u2 x is to come4 #aj4 ,! ,*ur* ,possible1 or ,*ur* z x c be4 ,is any ,*ur* possible b ! ,actual8 ,we ?9k !re is4 ,we ?9k t a ,*ur* may be some?+ m & bett] ?an any we h n[4 ,)\t rea*+ ! ideal /&>d we c yet d some?+4 ,we ?9k x possible = a ,*ur* to be unit$ on a basis ( /udy & action r ?an on t ( atta9m5t4 ,in/ead ( hav+ x consi/ ( ^? :o h =m$ op9ions1 let x consi/ ( ^? :o wi% to =m !m4 ,in/ead ( hav+ x consi/ ( ^? :o h be5 conv]t$1 & :o believe !mselves pi\s1 let x consi/ ( ^? :o wi% to be conv]t$1 & :o desire to be pi\s4 ,in/ead ( hav+ x consi/ ( good p1 let u invite 9 ! bad p :o desire to be good4 ,d y s5d y\r *ildr5 to s*ool because !y are le>n$1 & n r because !y are ignorant8 ,:y %\ld we n become disciples ( ,*ri/ because ( our ignorance1 r ?an our k4 ,we ?9k x possible to h a ,*ur*1 & ev5 a d5om9ation1 organiz$1 n on a cre$1 b on a purpose ( work+ toge!r4 ,suppose t ! condition ( memb]%ip 0 ! desire & int5tion ( gett+ good & do+ good4 ,! memb]s ( a *ur* are n ^? :o unite 9 ord] to p>take ! ,"l's ,supp]1 b to d ! ,"l's "w4 ,! ,"l's ,supp] is _! refre%m5t aft] work+4 ,!y come toge!r sometimes to rememb] 8 love1 & to get /r5g? f him4 ,let !m sit toge!r1 express _! desires1 confess _! faults1 say :at !y h be5 try+ to d1 :]e !y h fail$1 :]e succe$$1 & s enc\rage ea* o!r to run ) dilig5ce ! race set be=e !m4 ,we !re=e ?9k x possible = a ,*ur* to be built on ,*ri/ himself1 & n on a m9i/]4 ,! ,*ur* might ev5 d )\t a s]mon2 ! memb]s might pray toge!r & s+ toge!r1 :5 !y _h no m9i/]1 & be a true family ( ,*ri/ian m5 & wom51 bro!rs & si/]s 9 ! ,"l4 ,! l[e/ view ( a ,*ri/ian ,*ur* is t :i* makes x a body ( pew-hold]s2 ! next l[e/1 t :i* makes !m an audi5ce met to he> a s]mon2 ! next l[e/1 a m]e congregation or assembly ( wor%ipp]s2 a little high] is t ( a body ( communicants1 b\nd toge!r by ! desire ( kn[+ ,*ri/2 b highe/ ( all is t :i* reg>ds a ,*ur* z ! body ( ,*ri/4 ,su* a ,*ur* is to le>n ( him1 & to d 8 w2 x is 8 eyes1 to look on all ?+s ) a ,*ri/ian vision2 8 h&s1 by :i* he %all /ill t\* & heal ! wret*$2 8 feet1 to g ?r\gh ! _w1 to se>* out its evils & s9s2 8 m\?1 ?r\gh :i* he %all speak words ( div9e/ help & enc\ragem5t4 8,! body ( ,*ri/1 & memb]s "o ( ano!r40 ,! body ( ,*ri/2 always active1 always progress+1 always advanc+2 advanc+ into a deep] & bett] k ( 8 w1 into a pur] love ( 8 k+dom1 into a fur!r & div9e life ( union ) him2 ! body fitly jo9$ toge!r1 & compact$ by t :i* e jo9t supplie?1 mak+ increase ( ! body to ! build+ ( itself up 9 love4 ,x is possible to h a ,*ur* :i* %all be ready to tea* & prea* ! gospel1 n to a few pew-hold]s only1 b to ! :ole community4 ,e *ild born 9 ,new ,engl& is taught ! elem5ts ( secul> k )\t money & )\t price4 ,are ! wat]s ( e>?ly k1 !n1 s mu* m ess5tial to ! safety ( ! /ate ?an ! wat]s ( life1 t we _c risk ! *ance ( leav+ any *ild un9/ruct$ 9 read+ & writ+1 b may leave him untaught 9 ! gospel8 ,x w\ld seem to be possible1 s9ce we h free s*ools1 to h also free ,*ur*es1 & s really to h1 :at we pr(ess to ma9ta91 ,public ,wor%ip6 ,!re is no su* ?+ n[ z public wor%ip4 ,! *ur*es are n public places--ea* belongs to a private corporation ( pew-hold]s4 ,x is possible to h a ,*ur* :i* %all consid] x its duty to obey its ,ma/]'s fir/ comm&1 & 8prea* ! gospel to e creature40 ,its mission %all be to g out into ! highways & ! h$ges1 to seek & save ! lo/4 ,x w reg>d ! _w z its field1 & ! :ole community z its sph]e ( labor--! :ole community1 accord+ to its ne$s1 to be taught1 help$1 com=t$1 & cur$ by ! gospel4 ,x is possible to h a ,*ur* :i* %all be unit$1 n on c]emonies1 nor on a cre$1 b on /udy & labor1 on lov+ & do+4 ,! condition ( admission %\ld be ! purpose to get good & d good4 ,!y %\ld ent] ?is s*ool to le>n1 & n because !y 7 already le>n$2 to become good1 & n because !y 7 already s4 ,x is possible to h a ,*ur* :i* %all make x its purpose to educate ! :ole man--_s1 s\l1 & body2 & n m]ely ! _s2 to pres5t ! human be+ to ,god p]fect & entire1 want+ no?+4 ,x is possible to h a ,*ur* :i* %all comb9e union & fre$om4 ,! ,roman ,*ur*1 aim+ at union1 & neglect+ fre$om1 has a union :i* is no real union2 :i* is an outw>d %ell ( con=mity1 )\t inw>d unity ( he>t & ?\ght4 ,! ,prote/ant ,*ur*1 desir+ fre$om & neglect+ union1 has a fre$om :i* is n really fre$om1 be+ only ! outw>d lib]ty ( tol]at$ op9ions1 b "o 9 :i* free ?\ght is disc\rag$1 & hone/ diff]5ce ( op9ion disall[$4 ,only by comb9+ 9 a liv+ :ole su* antagoni/ ne$s1 c ei!r ( ^! be fully secur$4 ,union )\t fre$om is n union2 fre$om )\t union1 n fre$om4 ,!re is no h>mony 9 ! juxtaposition ( simil> notes1 b 9 ! concord ( dissimil> ones4 ,diff]5ce )\t discord1 v>iety 9 h>mony1 ! unity ( ! _s ) div]sity ( ! lett]1 diff]5ce ( op]ation1 b ! same ,"l1 _m memb]s1 b "o body1--?is is v desirable1 & :olly possible4 ,! day is com+ 9 :i* our dogmatic ,*ur*es1 =mal ,*ur*es1 s5tim5tally pi\s ,*ur*es1 & pr(ess$ly lib]al ,*ur*es1 %all be all tak5 up into some?+ high] & bett]4 ,! v discont5t :i* prevails ev]y:]e ann\nces x4 ,x is ! work+ ( ! leav5--m9d agitat+ ! mass4 ,9 ,prote/ant c\ntries !re is a t5d5cy to ,rome2 b 9 ,roman ,ca?olic c\ntries an equal or great] t5d5cy to ,prote/antism4 ,or?odoxy t5ds to ,lib]al ,*ri/ianity4 ,lib]al ,*ri/ianity t5ds to ,or?odoxy4 ,ea* longs = its opposite1 its supplem5t1 its c\nt]p>t4 ,x is a movem5t t[>ds a l>g] lib]ty & a deep] life4 ,,*apt] ,,xvi4 ,,! ,,tr9ity4 #a4 ,def9ition ( ! ,*ur* ,doctr9e4 8,! fundam5tal =mula = ! doctr9e ( ! ,tr9ity1 z def9$ by ! ,*ur*10 says ,twe/517#gb7 8is1 t 9 "o div9e ess5ce or nature !re are ?ree p]sons1 di/+ui%$ f ea* o!r by c]ta9 *>act]i/ics1 & indivisibly p>ticipat+ 9 t "o nature40 ,! 8,augsburg ,confession10 says1 9 l mann]1 8?ree p]sons 9 "o ess5ce407#gc7 ,s ! 8,gallic ,confession10 & o!r ,*ur* ,confessions1 :i* say almo/ ! same ?+ 9 ! same words47#gd7 ,! explanations giv5 to ^! phrases v>y indef9itely4 ,nitzs* 7,sy/em d4 ,*ri/4 ,lehre1 #hj7 says1 8,we /& relat$ 9 su* a way1 ) all our ,*ri/ian exp]i5ce 7,gew]d5se9 und ,w]d571 to ! "o1 et]nal1 div9e ess5ce1 :o is love1 t 9 ! ,son we adore love z m$iat+ & speak+1 9 ! _s z fell[%ip & life1 9 ! ,fa!r z s\rce & orig940 ,s*lei]ma*] consid]s ?is doctr9e z n any imm$iate expression ( ! ,*ri/ian consci\sness1 & decl>es t 8our communion ) ,*ri/ might be j ! same if we knew no?+ at all ( ?is transc5d5t my/]y40 ,hase says17#ge7 8,?is ,*ur* dogma always has float$ betwe5 ,unit>ianism1 ,tri!ism1 & ,sabellianism1 ass]t+ ! premises ( all ?ree1 & d5y+ _! conclusions only by ma9ta9+ ! opposite40 ,all sorts ( illu/rations h be5 us$ f ! e>lie/ times--su* z f\nta91 brook1 riv]2 root1 /alk1 bran*2 memory1 und]/&+1 w27#gf7 s\l1 reason1 s5se27#gg7 ?ree p]sons 9 gramm>1 ! tea*]1 ! p]son spok5 to1 & t spok5 (47#gh7 ,"s my/ics argu$ ! necessity ( ?ree p]sons 9 ! ,deity = ! sake ( a div9e society & mutual love47#gi7 ,less+ argues t 8,god f et]nity mu/ h contemplat$ t :i* is mo/ p]fect1 b t is himself2 b to contemplate ) ,god1 is to create2 ,god's ?\ght ( himself1 !re=e1 mu/ be a be+1 b a div9e be+1 t is1 ,god1 ! ,son ,god2 b ^! two1 ,god ! ?9k] & ,god ! ?\ght1 are 9 p]fect div9e h>mony1 & ?is h>mony is ! ,_s407#hj7 ,leibnitz also consid]s ! ,tr9ity z illu/rat$ be/ by ! process ( reflection 9 ! human m9d4 ,/rauss objects to ?is class ( def9itions1 t !y are two elem5ts unit$ 9 a ?ird1 :ile ! ,*ur* doctr9e requires ?ree unit$ 9 a f\r?4 ,! ,*ur* doctr9e conc]n+ ! ,tr9ity appe>s mo/ fully develop$ 9 its ,or?odox =m 9 :at is call$ ! ,cre$ ( ,/4 ,a?anasius4 ,x 0 n writt5 by him1 b by "s "o 9 ! fif? or six? c5tury4 #a4 ,:osoev] w be sav$1 be=e all ?+s mu/ take c>e to keep ! ,ca?olic fai?3 #b4 ,:i* except "o keeps x entire & inviolate1 he %all )\t d\bt p]i% ev]la/+ly4 #c4 ,b ! ,ca?olic fai? is ?is3 t we adore "o ,god 9 ,tr9ity1 & ! ,tr9ity 9 ,unity2 #d4 ,nei!r conf\nd+ ! p]sons1 nor divid+ ! sub/ance4 #e4 ,= !re is "o p]son ( ! ,fa!r1 ano!r ( ! ,son1 & ano!r ( ! ,holy ,_s4 #f4 ,b ! div9ity ( ! ,fa!r1 ,son1 & ,_s1 is "o1 ! glory equal1 ! maje/y equal4 #g4 ,z is ! ,fa!r1 s is ! ,son1 & s is ! ,holy ,_s4 #h4 ,! ,fa!r is uncreat$1 ! ,son is uncreat$1 & ! ,holy ,_s uncreat$4 #i4 ,! ,fa!r immeasurable17#ha7 ! ,son immeasurable1 & ! ,holy ,_s immeasurable4 #aj4 ,! ,fa!r et]nal1 ! ,son et]nal1 & ! ,holy ,_s et]nal4 #aa4 ,& yet !re are n ?ree ,et]nals1 b "o ,et]nal4 #ab4 ,& s !re are n ?ree uncreat$1 nor ?ree immeasurable1 b "o uncreat$1 & "o immeasurable4 #ac4 ,s ! ,fa!r is omnipot5t1 ! ,son is omnipot5t1 & ! ,holy ,_s is omnipot5t4 #ad4 ,& yet !re are n ?ree omnipot5ts1 b "o omnipot5t4 #ae4 ,s ! ,fa!r is ,god1 ! ,son is ,god1 & ! ,holy ,_s is ,god4 #af4 ,& yet !re are n ?ree ,gods1 b "o ,god4 #ag4 ,s ! ,fa!r is ,"l1 ! ,son is ,"l1 & ! ,holy ,_s is ,"l4 #ah4 ,& yet !re are n ?ree ,lords1 b "o ,"l4 #ai4 ,= z we are compell$ by ,*ri/ian tru? to confess ( ea* "o1 t ea* p]son7#hb7 is ,god & ,"l2 s we are =bidd5 by ! ,ca?olic religion f say+ ?ree ,gods or ?ree ,lords4 #bj4 ,! ,fa!r is n made1 nor creat$1 nor begott54 #ba4 ,! ,son is f ! ,fa!r alone2 n made1 nor creat$1 b begott54 #bb4 ,! ,holy ,_s is f ! ,son & ! ,fa!r2 n creat$1 nor begott51 b proce$+4 #bc4 ,!re=e !re is "o ,fa!r1 & n ?ree2 "o ,son1 & n ?ree2 "o ,holy ,_s1 & n ?ree4 #bd4 ,& 9 ?is ,tr9ity !re is none be=e or aft]1 none great] or less1 b all ?ree ,p]sons are coet]nal & coequal4 #be4 ,s t ev]y:]e we mu/ adore ! ,unity 9 ,tr9ity1 & ! ,tr9ity 9 ,unity4 #bf4 ,:oev]1 !re=e1 w\ld be sav$1 mu/ ?9k ?us ( ! ,tr9ity4 #b4 ,hi/ory ( ! ,doctr9e4 ,9 ! ,*ri/ian ,*ur*1 ! hi/ory ( ?is doctr9e is int]e/+ & important4 ,"s sort ( ,triad1 or ,tr9ity1 exi/$ 9 v e>ly times1 al?\gh ! ,or?odox =m 0 n e/abli%$ until lat]4 ,at fir/1 ! prevail+ doctr9e is t ( subord9ation2 t is1 t ! ,son & ! ,_s are inf]ior to ! ,fa!r4 ,b1 z ! ,son & ! ,_s 7 also call$ div9e1 ^? :o ?\ght ?us 7 accus$ ( believ+ 9 ?ree ,gods47#hc7 ,"s !n said1 t ! ,fa!r 0 alone div9e2 & ^! 7 call$ ,mon>*ians4 ,o!rs1 wi%+ to reta9 ! div9ity ( ! ,son & ,_s1 & yet to believe 9 "o ,god1 said t ! div9ity 9 ! ,fa!r1 9 ! ,son1 & 9 ! ,_s1 0 ess5tially ! same1 b t ! div9ity ( ! ,fa!r 0 ! f\nta9 f :i* t ( ! ,son & ,_s 0 d]iv$4 ,?is 0 fix$ z ,or?odox at ! ,c\ncil ( ,nice1 ,a4,d4 #cbe1 & 0 ! beg9n+ ( ,or?odoxy 9 ! ,*ur*4 ,x 0 a middle c\rse betwe5 ,scylla & ,*>ybdis1 :i* 7 repres5t$ on ! "o side by ,arius1 :o ma9ta9$ t ! ,son 0 creat$ out ( no?+2 & by ,sabellius on ! o!r h&1 :o ma9ta9$ t ! ,son 0 only a mode1 manife/ation1 or "n ( ,god2 ,god be+ call$ ! ,fa!r1 z ,creator ( ! _w2 call$ ,son1 z ,r$eem] ( ! _w2 & ,_s1 z ,sanctifi] ( ! _w4 ,! ,c\ncil ( ,nice decl>$ t ! ,son 0 n a manife/ation ( ,god1 z ,sabellius said1 nor a creation by ,god1 z ,arius said1 b a d]ivation f ,god47#hd7 ,j z ! ess5ce ( ! f\nta9 fl[s into ! /ream d]iv$ f x1 s ! ess5ce ( ! ,fa!r fl[s into ! ,son1 :o is d]iv$ f him4 ,"h1 !n1 we h ! ?ree =mulas ( ! e>ly ,*ur*--t ( ,arius1 :o says1 8,! ,son 0 creat$ by ! ,fa!r1 & is inf]ior to him20 t ( ,sabellius1 :o says1 8,! ,fa!r1 ,son1 & ,_s1 are manife/ations ( ,god1 & ! same ess5ce20 & ,or?odoxy1 z ! ,c\ncil ( ,nice1 try+ to /& betwe5 !m1 & say+1 8,! ,son is d]iv$ f ! ,fa!r1 & is ( ! same ess5ce ) him40 ,! ,*ur*1 ev] s9ce1 has be5 l a %ip beat+ aga9/ head w9ds betwe5 oppos+ %ores4 ,x has /ood on "o tack to avoid ,arianism or ,tri!ism1 till x f9ds itself runn+ into ,sabellianism2 !n x goes ab\t1 & /&s away till x comes ne> ,arianism or ,tri!ism aga94 ,unit>ianism is on bo? sides3 on "o side 9 ! =m ( "o ,god1 ) a ?reefold manife/ation ( himself2 on ! o!r side 9 ! =m ( a ,supreme ,god1 ) ! ,son & ,_s subord9ate4 ,x has always be5 v h>d to be ,or?odox2 =1 to d s1 "o mu/ di/+ui% ! ,p]sons1 & yet n divide ! sub/ance1 ( ! ,deity4 ,9 keep+ ! ?ree ,p]sons di/9ctly sep>ate1 !re 0 great dang] ( mak+ ?ree di/9ct ,gods4 ,on ! o!r h&1 if "o tri$ to make ! ,unity di/9ct1 !re 0 dang] t ! ,p]sons w\ld gr[ %ad[y1 & disappe>4 ,! heavie/ *>ge aga9/ ! ,*ur* doctr9e ( ! ,tr9ity is1 t1 driv5 to despair by ^! difficulties1 x has at la/ made ,or?odoxy consi/1 n 9 any s\nd belief1 b only 9 s\nd phrases4 ,x is n believ+ any?+1 b say+ some?+1 :i* n[ makes a man ,or?odox4 ,if y w only use ! ^w 8,tr9ity0 9 any s5se1 if y w only call ,*ri/ ,god 9 any s5se1 y are ,or?odox4 #c4 ,errors 9 ! ,*ur* ,doctr9e ( ! ,tr9ity4 ,! errors 9 ! popul> view conc]n+ ! ,tr9ity1 z x is at pres5t held1 appe> to be ^!3-- #a4 ,! ,tr9ity is held z a m]e dogma1 or =m ( words1 n z a reality4 ,x is held 9 ! lett]1 n 9 ! _s4 ,!re is no p[] 9 x1 nor life 9 x2 & x is 9 no s5se an object ( fai? to ^? :o accept x4 ,!y d n believe x1 b r believe t !y ought to believe x4 ,!re are c]ta9 texts 9 ,scripture :i* seem to ass]t x1 c]ta9 elaborate argum5ts :i* appe> conv9c+ & irrefutable4 ,on ! /r5g? ( ^! texts & ^! argum5ts1 !y believe t !y ought to believe x4 ,b x is a matt] ( consci5ce1 n ( he>t2 ( logic1 n ( life2 ( law1 n ( love4 ,x is n held z a ,*ri/ian doctr9e ought to be held1 ) ! he>t2 b only philosophically1 ) ! head4 ,if x %\ld cease to be prea*$ = a few ye>s 9 ,or?odox pulpits1 x w\ld cease to be believ$2 x w\ld drop out ( ! fai?1 or r out ( ! cre$1 ( ! community4 ,unit>ianism has ext5d$ itself1 )\t be+ prea*$1 f ! simple read+ ( ! ,bible4 ,b ,tr9it>ianism _c be tru/$ to its own p[]4 ,x has no hold on ! he>t4 ,"h1 9 ,massa*usetts1 ! m9i/]s left (f prea*+ ! ,tr9ity1 & ! consequ5ce 01 t ! p became ,unit>ian4 ,unit>ianism 9 ,new ,engl& 0 n diffus$ by prea*+3 x came ( itself1 z soon z ! cl]gy left (f prea*+ ! ,tr9ity4 ,?is %[s h[ wor?less1 empty1 & s\lless ! doctr9e 0 & is4 ,in/ead ( ?is =mal doctr9e1 we want some?+ vital4 #b4 ,ano!r objection to ! pres5t =m ( ! ,tr9ity is1 t x is n only s*ola/ic1 or purely intellectual1 b t x is also negative4 ,x is n ev5 a positive doctr9e4 ,x is (t5 *>g$ aga9/ ,unit>ianism1 t x is a m]e negation2 &1 9 "o s5se1 ! *>ge is well f\nd$4 ,unit>ianism is a negation1 s f> z x is a m]e piece ( reason+ aga9/ ,or?odoxy2 b1 z ass]t+ ! div9e ,unity1 x is v positive1 ,b ! doctr9e ( ! ,tr9ity is a m]e negation1 z x is usually held2 because x is an empty =m ( d5ial4 ,x only c be def9$ or express$ negatively4 ,! ?ree ,p]sons are n sub/ances1 on ! "o h&2 nor qualities1 on ! o!r h&4 ,x is n ,sabellianism1 nor is x ,arianism4 ,e t]m connect$ ) ! ,tr9ity has be5 select$1 n to express a tru?1 b to avoid an error4 ,! t]m 8"o ess5ce0 0 *os5 9 ord] to exclude ,arianism2 ! t]m 8?ree ,p]sons10 or subsi/5ces1 0 *os5 9 ord] to avoid ,sabellianism4 ,because ! doctr9e is ?us a negation1 x has fail$ ( its *ief use4 ,x has become exclusive2 :]eas1 :5 /at$ truly1 z a positive tru?1 x w\ld become inclusive4 ,rightly /at$1 x w\ld b9d toge!r all true religion 9 "o h>moni\s :ole1 compreh5d+ 9 its univ]sal sweep ev]y?+ true 9 natural religion1 ev]y?+ true 9 reason1 & unit+ !m 9 vital union1 )\t discord & )\t confusion4 ,e manife/ation :i* ,god has made ( himself 9 nature1 9 ,*ri/1 & 9 ! human s\l1 w\ld be accept$ & vitally recogniz$ by ,*ri/ianity1 :i* comes1 n to de/roy1 b to fulfil4 ,! doctr9e ( ! ,tr9ity w\ld be ! highe/ =m ( reconciliation or atonem5t1--reconcil+ all v>ieties 9 "o great h>mony2 reconcil+ ! natural & sup]natural1 law & grace1 "t & et]nity1 fate & fre$om4 ,b1 be=e illu/rat+ ?is1 we mu/ consid] fur!r "s ( ! objections to ! common =m ( ! doctr9e4 #c4 ,x is also *>g$ aga9/ ! doctr9e ( ! ,tr9ity1 8t x is a contradiction 9 t]ms1 & !re=e ess5tially incr$ible40 ,to ?is x is repli$1 t x w\ld be a contradiction if ,god 7 call$ ,?ree 9 ! same s5se 9 :i* he is call$ ,"o2 b n o!rwise4 ,! answ] is p]fectly satisfactory2 & we !re=e proce$ to ask1 ,9 :at s5se is he call$ ,?ree1 & 9 :at s5se is he call$ ,"o8 ,! answ] is1 ,! ,unity is ( ess5ce1 or sub/ance3 ! ,tr9ity is ( p]sons4 ,?is answ]1 aga91 is satisfactory1 provid$ we "k :at is meant by ^! two t]ms4 ,b ! difficulty is to "k :at is meant by ! ^w 8p]son40 ,we are expressly in=m$1 t ?is t]m is n us$ 9 its usual s5se2 =1 if x 71 x w\ld divide ! ess5ce1 & ?ree ,p]sons w\ld be ! same z ?ree ,gods4 ,on ! o!r h&1 we are told t x means m ?an ! ?ree *>act]s or manife/ations4 ,"h lies ! difficulty1 & ! :ole ( ! rational difficulty1 9 ! doctr9e ( ! ,tr9ity4 ,x is all on ! side ( ! ,triad4 ,:5 we ask1 ,:at d y mean by 8! ?ree08 !re c be giv5 b ?ree answ]s1--two ( !m di/9ct1 & "o indi/9ct4 ,^! answ]s are1 7#a47 ,we mean ?ree some?+s1 :i* we _c def9e2 7#b47 ,we mean ?ree ,p]sons1 l ,pet]1 ,james1 & ,john2 7#c47 ,we mean ?ree manife/ations1 *>act]s1 or modes ( be+4 ,let u consid] ^! ?ree answ]s4 7a47 8,! ?ree ,p]sons are ?ree some?+s1 :i* _c be def9$4 ,x is a my/]y4 ,x is above reason4 ,!re is my/]y 9 ev]y?+1 & !re mu/ be my/]y 9 ! ,deity40 ,s ,augu/9e said1 long ago1 8,we say ?ree ,p]sons1 n because we h any?+ to say1 b because we want to say some?+407#he7 ,b if "o uses ! phrase 8?ree ,p]sons10 & refuses to def9e x positively1 m]ely def9+ x negatively1 say+1 8,x does n mean ?is1 & x does n mean t1 & ,i don't "k :at x does mean10 he avoids1 x is true1 ! difficulties1 & escapes ! objections2 b he does x by giv+ up ! article ( fai?4 ,no "o c d5y t !re may be ?ree unkn[n di/9ctions 9 ! div9e nature2 b no "o c be ask$ to believe 9 !m1 till he is told :at !y are4 ,to say1 !re=e1 t ! ,tr9ity is a my/]y1 is to ab&on x z an article ( fai?1 & make ( x only a subject ( speculation4 ,we avoid ! contradiction2 b we d x by rel9qui%+ ! doctr9e4 ,?is fact is n suffici5tly consid]$ by ,tr9it>ians4 ,!y fir/ dem& ( u to believe ! doctr9e ( ! ,tr9ity1 &1 :5 press$ to /ate di/9ctly ! doctr9e1 retire into ! protection ( my/]y1 & decl9e giv+ any di/9ct acc\nt ( x4 ,n[1 no human be+ ev] d5i$ ! exi/5ce ( my/]ies connect$ ) ,god1 & nature1 & all life4 ,to assure u1 !re=e1 t su* my/]ies exi/1 is slightly sup]flu\s4 ,b1 on ! o!r h&1 no human be+ ev] believ$1 or c\ld believe1 a my/]y1 any m ?an he c\ld see any?+ invisible or he> any?+ inaudible4 ,to believe a doctr9e1 ! fir/ condition is1 t all its t]ms %all be di/9ct & intelligible4 7b47 ,! second answ] to ! "q is1 8,we mean1 by ,p]sons1 ?ree ,p]sons1 l ,pet]1 ,james1 & ,john40 ,accord+ to ?is answ]1 ! ,tr9ity rema9s1 b ! ,unity disappe>s4 ,?is answ] leaves ! ,p]sons di/9ct1 b ! ,unity indi/9ct4 ,! ,p]sons are n conf\nd$2 b ! ess5ce is divid$4 ,! ,tri-p]sonality is ma9ta9$1 b at ! exp5se ( ! ,unity4 ,9 fact1 ?is answ] gives u ,tri!ism1 or ?ree ,gods1 ^: unity is only an entire agreem5t ( feel+ & action4 ,b ?is answ] we may set aside z unor?odox1 no less ?an unscriptural4 7c47 ,hav+ ?us dispos$ ( ea* o!r possible answ]1 !re rema9s only t :i* makes ( ! ?ree ,p]sons ?ree revelations or manife/ations ( ,god1 or repres5tations ( ,god4 ,?is answ] avoids all ! difficulties4 ,x avoids t ( contradiction2 z we d n say t ,god is "o 9 ! same s5se 9 :i* he is ?ree1 b 9 a diff]5t s5se4 ,x avoids ! objection ( obscurity2 = x is a di/9ct /atem5t4 ,x avoids ! objection ( ,tri!ism2 = x leaves ! ,unity unt\*$4 ,moreov]1 x is a real ,tr9ity1 & n m]ely nom9al4 ,! ,fa!r1 ! ,son1 & ! ,holy ,gho/ are n m]ely ?ree diff]5t names = ! same ?+1 b !y indicate ?ree diff]5t revelations1 ?ree diff]5t views :i* ,god has giv5 ( 8 "*1 :i*1 tak5 toge!r1 con/itute ! total div9e repres5tation4 ,x rema9s1 !re=e1 simply to ask1 ,is ?is view a true "o8 ,is !re any f\ndation = x 9 ,scripture1 9 reason1 & 9 ,*ri/ian consci\sness1 ! ?ree s\rces ( our k ( ! tru?8 #d4 ,! ,tr9ity ( ,manife/ations f\nd$ 9 ! ,tru? ( ,?+s4 ,we repeat1 t ?is view is an ,or?odox view ( ! ,tr9ity1 accord+ to ! tea*+ ( ! greate/ fa!rs ( ! ,*ur*4 ,if we suppose t ! ,deity has made1 & is ev]more mak+1 ?ree di/9ct & indep5d5t revelations ( himself1--ea* revelation giv+ a diff]5t view ( ! div9e ,be+1 ea* revelation %[+ ,god to man "u a diff]5t aspect1--!n ea* ( ^! is a p]sonal manife/ation4 ,ea* reveals ,god z a ,p]son4 ,if we see ,god1 = example1 9 nature1 we see him n m]ely z a p[]1 a supreme cause1 b also a liv+ ,p]son1 :o creates ev]more out ( a fulness ( div9e wisdom & love4 ,god 9 nature is1 !n1 a ,p]son4 ,aga93 if ,god reveals himself 9 ,*ri/1 x is n z ab/ract tru? or z doctr9al /atem5t4 ,b we see ,god himself1 ! p]sonal ,god1 ! ,fa!r & ,fri5d1 ! r$eem+ grace1 ! ,god :o lov$ u be=e ! f\ndation ( ! _w1 approa*+ u 9 ,*ri/ to reconcile u & save u4 ,x is a ,god :o 8s lov$ ! _w0 t we see 9 ,*ri/1 !re=e1 a ,p]son4 ,& s ! ,_s1 :i* speaks 9 ! human consci5ce & human he>t1 is n a m]e influ5ce1 or rapture1 or movem5t1 b is "o :o communes ) u2 "o :o talks ) u2 "o :o com=ts u2 "o :o he>s & answ]s u2 !re=e a ,p]son4 ,if1 !n1 !re is no antec$5t objection to ?is =m ( ! ,tr9ity z a ?reefold manife/ation ( ! div9e ,be+1 we h only to ask1 ,is x true z a matt] ( fact8 ,has su* a ?reefold manife/ation ( ,god actually tak5 place8 ,we reply1 t x is s4 ,accord+ to ,scripture1 obs]vation1 & exp]i5ce1 we f9d su* to be ! fact4 ,scripture %[s u ,god1 ! ,fa!r1 z ! s\rce ( all be+1 ! f\nta9 & end ( all ?+s2 f :om all ?+s h come1 & to :om all ?+s t5d4 ,z ! ,creator1 he reveals himself 9 nature & provid5ce 7z ! apo/le ,paul decl>es71 8be+ und]/ood by ! ?+s t are made10 & 8n leav+ himself )\t a witness40 ,supreme p[]1 wisdom1 & goodness are manife/$ 9 nature z un*ang+ law1 z p]fect ord]4 ,b ,god is se5 9 ,*ri/ aga9 z ,r$eem]1 z meet+ ! exig5cies aris+ f ! fre$om ( ! creature by :at we call miracle2 n contr>y to nature1 b diff]5t f nature1 %[+ himself z ! ,fri5d & ,help] ( ! s\l4 ,z ! ess5ce ( ! fir/ revelation ( ,god is ! sight ( 8 goodness1 & wisdom1 & p[]1 display$ 9 law1 s ! ess5ce ( ! second revelation is ( ! same ess5tial ,be+ display+ himself z love4 ,9 ! fir/ revelation1 he is ! univ]sal ,p>5t2 9 ! second1 he is ! p]sonal ,fri5d4 ,b !re is a ?ird revelation :i* ,god makes ( himself1--)9 ! s\l z life4 ,! same p[]1 wisdom1 & goodness :i* we see display$ ext]nally 9 outw>d nature1 we f9d manife/$ int]nally 9 ! s\l itself1 z its natural & its spiritual life4 ,t :i* is display$ outw>dly z p[] is manife/$ )9 ! s\l z cause2 t :i* is manife/$ outw>dly z wisdom is reveal$ inw>dly z reason2 & t :i* is manife/$ outw>dly z goodness is manife/$ inw>dly z consci5ce1 or ! law ( "r4 #e4 ,x is 9 ,h>mony ) ,scripture4 ,! ,scriptures also speak ( ! ,fa!r1 ! ,son1 & ! ,holy ,gho/4 ,:5 !y speak ( ! ,fa!r1 !y usually mean ,god z ! ,supreme ,be+4 ,matt4 #aa3be3 8,jesus said1 ,i ?ank !e1 ,o ,fa!r1 ,"l ( heav5 & e>?40 ,z omnisci5t3 8,( t day kn[e? no man1 nor ! angels1 nor ! ,son1 b ! ,fa!r only40 ,z omnipot5t3 8,abba1 ,fa!r1 all ?+s are possible to !e40 ,z hav+ life 9 himself1 & z _s3 8,!y %all wor%ip ! ,fa!r 9 _s & 9 tru?40 ,z ! s\rce ( all p[]1 life1 & au?ority ( ! ,son3 8,i came =? ( ! ,fa!r20 8! ,fa!r1 :i* ha? s5t me20 8! works :i* ! ,fa!r ha? giv5 me to d40 ,! apo/le ,paul says1 8,to u !re is b "o ,god1 ! ,fa!r20 & calls him 8! ,god ( our ,"l ,jesus20 also 8! "o ,god & ,fa!r ( all1 :o is above all1 & ?r\gh all1 & 9 u all40 ,! great ord] ( ! univ]se dep5ds on him3 8,he has put ! times & ! seasons 9 8 own p[]40 ,*ri/ w at la/ 8deliv] up ! k+dom to ,god1 ! ,fa!r40 ,by ,*ri/1 8we h access 9 "o _s to ! ,fa!r40 8,all ?+s 7 deliv]$0 to ,*ri/ 8( 8 ,fa!r10 ^: w ,*ri/ always s\ght4 ,?us is ! ,fa!r spok5 ( 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t z ! ,s\rce f :i* all ?+s h proce$$1 & ! ,end to :om all ?+s t5d4 ,! ,son 7or ,son ( ,god7 is spok5 ( 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t z di/9ct f ! ,fa!r1 b intimately unit$ ) him4 ,! ,fa!r gives p[]2 ! ,son receives x4 ,! ,fa!r gives light2 ! ,son receives x4 ,! ,son does no?+ b :at he see? ! ,fa!r d4 8,! ,fa!r ha? s5t me10 he says1 8& ,i live by ! ,fa!r40 8,i am n alone2 b ,i1 & ! ,fa!r :o s5t me40 8,! ,son is 9 ! ,fa!r1 & ! ,fa!r 9 him40 8,no man come? to ! ,fa!r b by0 him4 ,he %[s ! ,fa!r to ! _w4 ,! ,fa!r is glorifi$ 9 ! ,son4 ,he is 9 ! bosom ( ! ,fa!r4 ,! ,fa!r s5t him to be ! ,savi\r ( ! _w4 8,he t ha? ! ,son ha? life20 8,& 9 him is ev]la/+ life40 ,! ,holy ,_s1 :i* came aft] ,jesus left ! _w 7also call$ ! ,holy ,gho/ & ! ,_s ( ,god71 is an inw>d revelation ( ,god & ( ,*ri/4 ,x tea*es all ?+s1 com=ts1 conv9ces4 ,x is a _s ( life1 lifts "o above ! fle%1 makes "o feel t he is a ,son ( ,god1 communicates a v>iety ( gifts1 produces unity 9 ! ,*ur*1 sanctifies1 %$s ! love ( ,god into ! he>t1 & r5ews ! s\l4 ,! ,new ,te/am5t speaks ( joy 9 ! ,holy ,gho/1 p[] ( ! ,holy ,gho/1 & communion ( ! ,holy ,gho/4 ,accord+ to ! ,new ,te/am5t1 ! ,fa!r w\ld seem to be ! ,s\rce ( all ?+s1 ! ,creator1 ! ,f\nta9 ( be+ & ( life4 ,! ,son is spok5 ( z ! manife/ation ( t ,be+ 9 ,jesus ,*ri/2 & ! ,holy ,gho/ is spok5 ( z a spiritual influ5ce1 proce$+ f ! ,fa!r & ! ,son1 dwell+ 9 ! he>ts ( believ]s1 z ! s\rce ( _! life1--! idea ( ,god se5 9 causation1 9 reason1 & 9 consci5ce1 z mak+ ! v life ( ! s\l itself4 ,!re are ^! ?ree revelations ( ,god1 & we "k ( no o!rs4 ,!y are di/9ct f ea* o!r 9 =m1 b ! same 9 ess5ce4 ,!y are n m]ely ?ree names = ! same ?+2 b !y are real p]sonal manife/ations ( ,god1 real subsi/5ces1 s9ce he is p]sonally pres5t 9 all ( !m4 ,?is view avoids all h]esies1 s9ce x nei!r 8divides ! sub/ance0 nor 8conf\nds ! p]sons40 ,& ^! are really ! two h]esies1 :i* are ! mo/ common & ! mo/ to be avoid$4 ,we ?9k x c be easily %[n t ^! are ! great practical dang]s to be avoid$4 ,to 8divide ! sub/ance0 is s to sep>ate ! revelations ( ,god z to make !m contradict or oppose ea* o!r3 to 8conf\nd ! p]sons0 is n to recognize ea* z an indep5d5t s\rce ( tru? to ! s\l4 #f4 ,practical value ( ! ,tr9ity1 :5 rightly und]/ood4 ,!re is1 !re=e1 an ess5tial tru? hidd5 9 ! idea ( ! ,tr9ity4 ,:ile ! ,*ur* doctr9e1 9 e =m :i* x has hi!rto tak51 has fail$ to satisfy ! human intellect1 ! ,*ri/ian he>t has clung to ! sub/ance conta9$ 9 !m all4 ,let u endeavor to see :at is ! practical value ( ?is doctr9e1 = ! sake ( :i* its errors ( /atem5t h be5 p>don$4 ,:at does x say to ! ,*ri/ian consci\sness8 ,! ,tr9ity1 truly appreh5d$1 tea*es1 by its doctr9e ( ,tri-p]sonality1 t ,god is imman5t 9 nature1 9 ,*ri/1 & 9 ! s\l4 ,x tea*es t ,god is n outside ( ! _w1 mak+ x z an artisan makes a ma*9e2 nor outside ( ,*ri/1 s5d+ him1 & giv+ to him miracul\s p[]s2 nor outside ( ! s\l1 t\*+ x ab extra f "t to "t ) unnatural influ5ces1 revolutioniz+ & ov]turn+ x2 b t he is p]sonally pres5t 9 ea* & all4 ,s t1 :5 we /udy ! my/]ies & laws ( nature1 we are draw+ ne> to ,god himself1 & look+ into 8 face4 ,:5 we see ,*ri/1 we see ,god1 :o is 9 ,*ri/2 & :5 we look into ! solemn intuitions ( our s\l1 ! monitions ( consci5ce1 & ! influ5ces :i* draw our he>t to goodness1 we are meet+ & commun+ ) ,god4 ,moreov]1 ! ,tr9ity1 truly appreh5d$1 tea*es1 by its doctr9e ( ,"o ,sub/ance 7! ,homo\sion71 t ^! ?ree revelations1 ?\gh di/9ct1 are ess5tially at "o2 t nature _c contradict revelation2 t revelation _c contradict nature2 & t ! intuitions ( ! s\l _c be 9 conflict ) ei!r4 ,h5ce x tea*es t ! ,naturali/ ne$ n fe> revelation2 nor ! ,*ri/ian believ]1 natural ,!ism4 ,s9ce x is "o & ! same ,god :o dwells 9 nature1 9 ,*ri/1 & 9 ! s\l1 all 8 revelations mu/ be 9 h>mony ) ea* o!r4 ,to suppose o!rwise is to 8divide ! sub/ance0 ( ! ,tr9ity4 ,& aga93 ! ,tr9ity1 rightly und]/ood1 ass]ts ! di/9ctness ( ^! ?ree p]sonal revelations4 ,x is ! same ,god :o speaks 9 ea*2 b he says some?+ new ea* "t4 ,he reveals a new =m ( 8 be+4 ,he %[s u1 n ! same ord] & aspect ( tru? 9 ea* manife/ation1 b :olly diff]5t aspects4 ,& yet aga93 z ! doctr9e tea*es t ! ,son is begott5 ( ! ,fa!r1 & ! ,_s proce$s f ! ,fa!r & ,son1 x !reby %[s h[ ! revelation 9 nature prep>es = ! revelation 9 ,*ri/1 & bo? = ! revelation 9 ! s\l4 ,! error ( 8divid+ ! sub/ance0 is p]haps ! mo/ common4 ,! man :o sees ,god 9 nature1 sees him only !re3 !re=e ,god loses to him t p]sonal "* :i* seems especially to be se5 ?r\gh ,*ri/2 = ,god1 z a p]son1 comes to u mo/ 9 ,*ri/1 & !n is recogniz$ also 9 nature & ! s\l z a p]sonal be+4 ,s1 )\t ,*ri/1 natural religion is cold3 x wants love2 x wants life4 ,b1 on ! o!r h&1 ! ,*ri/ian believ] :o avoids see+ ,god 9 nature1 & :o f9ds him only 9 8 ,bible1 loses ! s5se ( law or ord]1 ( h>moni\s gr[?1 & becomes lit]al1 dogmatic1 & n>r[4 ,& s1 too1 ! my/ic1 believ+ only 9 ,god's revelation ?r\gh ! s\l1 & n go+ to nature or to ,*ri/1 becomes )drawn f life1 & has a morbid & gha/ly religion1 &1 hav+ no te/ by :i* to judge 8 inw>d revelations1 may become ! prey ( all fantasies & all evil spirits1 ly+ spirits1 f\l spirits1 & cruel spirits4 ,su* errors come f 8divid+ ! sub/ance20 & !y are only too common4 ,s t1 :5 ! true doctr9e ( ,tr9ity 9 ,unity is appreh5d$1 ! mo/ b5eficial results may be expect$ to fl[ into ! life ( ! ,*ur*4 ,no long] believ$ z a dead =mula1 no long] held 9 ! lett] :i* kille?1 no long] accept$ outw>dly z a dogma or au?ority1 b se51 felt1 & realiz$ 9 ! daily activity ( ! intellect & he>t1 ! :ole ,*ur* w recov] its lo/ union1 sects w disappe>1 & ! old feud betwe5 sci5ce & religion =ev] cease4 ,sci5ce w become religi\s1 & religion sci5tific4 ,sci5ce1 no long] cold & dead1 b fill$ ?r\gh & ?r\gh ) ! life ( ,god1 w rea* its h& to ,*ri/ianity4 ,piety1 no long] an outlaw f nature1 no long] exil$ f life into *ur*es & mona/]ies1 w in=m & animate all p>ts ( human daily action4 ,*ri/ianity1 no long] n>r[1 ,jewi%1 bigot$1 =mal1 b animat$ by ! great lib]ty ( a common life1 w m>* onw>d to conqu] all =ms ( error & evil 9 ! omnipot5ce ( univ]sal & h>moni\s tru?4 ,natural religion1 ,*ri/ianity1 & spiritual piety1 be+ ?us h>moniz$1 nature w be m w>m1 ,*ri/ m human1 & ! div9e influ5ces 9 ! s\l m uni=m & con/ant4 ,nature w be full ( ,god1 ) a s5se ( 8 pres5ce p5etrat+ x ev]y:]e4 ,*ri/ianity w become m natural1 & all its great facts assume ! proportion ( laws1 univ]sal z ! univ]se itself4 ,div9e influ5ces w cease to be spasmodic & irregul>1 & become calm1 s]5e1 & pure1 an indwell+ life ( ,god 9 ! s\l4 ,a simple ,unity1 z held by ! ,jews & ,mohamm$ans1 & by "s ,*ri/ian ,unit>ians1 may be a bald ,unity & an empty ,unity4 ,!n x %[s u "o ,god1 b ,god )drawn f nature1 f ,*ri/1 f ! s\l2 n imman5t 9 any1 b outside ( !m4 ,x leaves nature godless2 leaves ,*ri/ m]ely human2 leaves ! s\l a ma*9e to be mov$ by an ext]nal impulse1 n an inw>d inspiration47#hf7 ,we conclude1 f9ally1 t no doctr9e ( ,or?odoxy is s false 9 its =m1 & s true 9 its sub/ance1 z ?is4 ,!re is none s unt5able z dogma1 b none s indisp5sable z exp]i5ce & life4 ,! ,tr9ity1 truly receiv$1 w\ld h>monize sci5ce1 fai?1 & vital piety4 ,! ,tr9ity1 z x n[ /&s 9 ! belief ( ,*ri/5dom1 at once confuses ! m9d1 & leaves x empty4 ,x fe$s u ) *aff1 ) empty phrases & =ms1 ) no real infl[+ convictions4 ,x seems to lie l a vessel on ! %ore1 ( no use :]e x is1 yet difficult to remove & get afloat2 b :5 ! tide rises1 & ! vessel floats1 x w be able to be> to & fro ! k ( mank9d1 & unite v>i\s convictions 9 liv+ h>mony4 ,x is !re = some?+4 ,x is provid5tially all[$ to rema9 9 ! cre$s ( ! ,*ur* = some?+4 ,x has 9 itself ! se$ ( a gr& future2 &1 ?\gh utt]ly false & empty z x is taught & def5d$1 x is kept by ! deep] in/9ct ( ! ,*ri/ian consci\sness1 l ! ,*ri/ 9 8 tomb1 wait+ = ! resurrection4 ,,app5dix4 ,,critical ,,notices4 ,9 ?is ,app5dix we %all add a brief critical exam9ation ( c]ta9 rec5t works on po9ts connect$ ) our previ\s subjects4 ,^! criticisms w complete ! discussion 9 ^! v>i\s directions1 s f> z space w all[ "h4 ,! l>ge/ "p ( :at foll[s has be5 pr9t$ already1 ei!r 9 ! 8,*ri/ian ,exam9]10 or 9 ! 8,mon?ly ,j\rnal ( ! ,am]ican ,unit>ian ,association40 #a4 ,on ! ,def5ce ( ,nesci5ce 9 ,!ology1 by ,h]b]t ,sp5c] & ,h5ry ,l4 ,mansel4 ,mr4 ,h]b]t ,sp5c]1 9 8 book call$ 8,fir/ ,pr9ciples10 lays d[n ! doctr9e ( !ological nesci5ce1 z ! f9al result ( religi\s inquiry4 ,9 8 *apt] on 8,ultimate ,religi\s ,ideas0 he argues ?us3 ,! religi\s problem is1 ,:5ce comes ! univ]se8 ,9 answ] to ?is "q only ?ree /atem5ts are possible4 ,x is self-exi/5t4 ,x 0 self-creat$4 ,x 0 creat$ by ext]nal ag5cy4 ,n[1 none ( ^!1 says ,sp5c]1 is t5able4 ,=1 7#a47 ,self-exi/5ce means simply an exi/5ce )\t a beg9n+1 & x is n possible to conceive ( ?is4 ,! conception ( inf9ite pa/ "t is an impossibility4 7#b47 ,self-creation is ,pan!ism4 ,we c conceive1 some:at1 ( self-evolution1 b n ( a pot5tial univ]se pass+ into an actual "o4 7#c47 ,! !i/ic hypo!sis is equally inconceivable4 ,= ?is is to suppose ! _w made z a workman makes a piece ( furniture4 ,we c conceive ( ?is la/1 because ! workman has ! mat]ial giv52 he only adds =m to ! sub/ance4 ,to produce matt] out ( no?+ is ! real difficulty4 ,no simile enables u to conceive ( ?is production ( matt] out ( no?+4 ,aga91 says ,sp5c]1 space is some?+1 ! non-exi/5ce ( :i* is inconceivable2 h5ce ! creation ( space is inconceivable4 ,& la/ly1 says ,sp5c]1 if ,god creat$ ! univ]se1 ! "q returns1 ,:5ce came ,god8 ,! same ?ree answ]s recur4 ,god 0 self-exi/5t1 or he 0 self-creat$1 or he 0 creat$ ab extra4 ,! la/ !ory is useless4 ,= x leads to an endless s]ies ( pot5tial exi/5ces4 ,s ! !i/ returns to self-exi/5ce2 :i*1 h[ev]1 says ,sp5c]1 is z inconceivable z a self-exi/5t univ]se1 involv+ ! inconceivable idea ( unlimit$ duration4 ,nev]!less1 cont9ues ,sp5c]1 we are compell$ to reg>d ph5om5a z effects ( "s cause4 ,we mu/ believe 9 a cause ( t cause1 till we rea* a fir/ cause4 ,! ,fir/ ,cause mu/ be inf9ite & absolute4 ,he !n foll[s ,mansel 9 %[+ ! contradiction betwe5 ! two ideas4 ,b total negation is n ! result1--only nesci5ce4 ,a!ism1 ,pan!ism1 & ,!ism agree 9 "o belief1 namely1 t ( a problem to be solv$4 ,an unkn[n ,god is ! highe/ result ( !ology & ( philosophy4 8,if religion & sci5ce are to be reconcil$1 ! basis ( ! reconciliation mu/ be _! deepe/1 wide/1 & mo/ c]ta9 ( all facts--t ! p[] :i* ! univ]se manife/s is utt]ly inscrutable40 ,?us ,mr4 ,sp5c] proposes to take back human ?\ght eighte5 c5turies1 & ignor+ ! conque/s ( ,*ri/ian fai? 9 civilization1 !ology1 & morals1 c>ries u to ,a!ns1 9 ! "t ( ,paul1 to wor%ip at ! alt> ( an unkn[n ,god4 ,he makes a solitude 9 ! s\l1 & calls x peace4 ,he makes peace betwe5 religion & sci5ce1 by comm&+ ! fir/ to surr5d] at discretion to ! o!r4 ,sci5ce kn[s no?+ ( ,god2 !re=e !ology mu/ "k no?+ ( ,god4 ,b n s4 ,let ea* imp>t to ! o!r t :i* x possesses1 & :i* ! o!r lacks4 ,let sci5ce enl>ge !ology ) ! idea ( law1 & !ology in=m sci5ce ) ! idea ( a liv+ ,god4 ,x is n difficult to detect ! fallacies 9 ?is argum5t ( ,sp5c] = religi\s nesci5ce4 ,8 notion ( conception is t ( a purely s5sible image4 ,he assumes t we h no k b s5sible k1 & !n easily inf]s t we d n "k ,god4 ,we c conceive1 he says1 ( a rock on :i* we are /&+1 b n ( ! :ole e>?4 ,no great magnitudes1 he decl>es1 c be conceiv$4 ,! conception ( inf9ite "t is1 !re=e1 an impossibility4 ,b x is cle> to any "o1 n b\nd h& & foot by ! assumptions ( s5sationalism1 t x is j z easy to conceive ( ! :ole globe ( e>?1 z ( ! piece ( x :i* we see4 ,we _c h a visual image ( ! :ole e>?1 inde$1 b ! m5tal conception ( ! globe is z di/9ct z t ( ! /one we ?r[ f our h&4 ,& s f> f ! conception ( inf9ite duration be+ an impossibility1 n to conceive ( "t & space z inf9ite is ! impossibility4 ,x is impossible to imag9e or conceive ( ! beg9n+ ( "t1 or ! comm5cem5t ( space4 ,look+ at 8 trilemma conc]n+ ! univ]se1 namely1 t x 0 ei!r1 7#a47 ,self-exi/5t1 7#b47 ,self-creat$1 or1 7#c47 ,creat$ by an ext]nal p[]1 we say1-- #a4 ,! real objection to a self-exi/5t univ]se1 is n t we _c conceive ( exi/5ce )\t beg9n+4 ,no?+ is easi] ?an to conceive ( an ev]la/+1 un*ang+ univ]se1 )\t beg9n+ or end4 ,x is n exi/5ce1 b *ange1 t sugge/s cause4 ,ph5om5a1 ev5ts1 require u to believe 9 "s p[] :i* produces !m4 ,n[1 ! ev5ts :i* take place 9 ! univ]se sugge/ an intellig5t1 absolute1 & c5tral cause1 t is1 a cause comb9+ supreme wisdom1 p[]1 & goodness4 ,a self-exi/5t univ]se is n inconceivable1 b x is incr$ible4 #b4 ,self-creation1 he objects1 is ,pan!ism4 ,b ?is is no reason = d5y+ x1 s9ce ,pan!ism may1 = all we see at ?is /age ( ! argum5t1 be ! true explanation ( ! univ]se4 ,! real objection to ! hypo!sis ( a self-creat$ univ]se 7or ( a self-creat$ ,god71 is t x involves ! contradiction ( some?+ :i* exi/s & :i* does n exi/ at ! same mom5t2 at ! mom5t ( self-creation1 ! univ]se mu/ exi/ 9 ord] to create1 b mu/ be non-exi/5t 9 ord] to be creat$4 ,a self-creat$ univ]se1 !n1 is n incr$ible because x involves ,pan!ism1 b because x involves a contradiction4 #c4 ,he objects to ! ,!i/ic hypo!sis1 t we _c conceive ( ! production ( matt] 7m /rictly1 ( sub/ance7 out ( no?+4 ,he adds t no simile c enable u to imag9e x4 ,b ,i c produce1 out ( no?+1 some?+ visible1 tangible1 & audible4 ,!re is no motion & no s\nd4 ,i move my arm by ! p[] ( w1 & ,i produce bo? s\nd & motion4 ,! motion ( a body 9 space is a mat]ial ph5om5on2 = :atev] is p]ceiv$ by ! s5ses is mat]ial4 ,we d !n con/antly p]ceive mat]ial ph5om5a creat$ out ( no?+1 by human w4 ,8 argum5t aga9/ ! ,!i/1 t space c\ld n h be5 creat$ by ,god1 s9ce its non-exi/5ce is inconceivable1 is mu* m plausible4 ,b suppose we grant t space1 suppos$ to be a real exi/5ce1 0 n creat$ 9 "t4 ,does x foll[ f t1 t x does n proce$ f ,god8 ,n be+ an ev5t 9 "t1 x does n require a cause2 b be+ conceiv$ ( z a reality1 x may h et]nally proce$$ f ! div9e w1 & s n be indep5d5t ( ! ,creator4 ,& z reg>ds 8 trilemma conc]n+ ,deity1 t also fails 9 ! failure ( 8 !sis t et]nal duration is inconceivable4 ,8 argum5t aga9/ ! self-exi/5t ,deity1 only re/s on t assumption :i* we h %[n to be unt5able4 ,b ,mr4 ,sp5c]1 :o is n a !ologian1 is at ?is po9t ren=c$ by ,mr4 ,mansel1 on ^: =m] "w1 8,! ,limits ( ,religi\s ,?\ght10 we proce$ to (f] "s criticism4 ,?is also is an argum5t = nesci5ce 9 !ology1 9 ! presum$ int]e/s ( revelation4 ,mr4 ,m>t9eau has ably %[n ! weakness & ! dang]\s t5d5cy ( ?is :ole argum5t ( ,mansel1 9 an article to :i* we e>ne/ly ref] our read]s4 ,! "w ( ,mr4 ,mansel is a desp]ate attempt to save ,or?odox doctr9es f ! objections ( reason1 n by reply+ to ^? objections & po9t+ out _! fallacy1 b by %[+ t simil> objections c be br\ght aga9/ all religi\s belief4 ,= example1 :5 reason objects to ! ,tr9ity1 t x is a contradiction1 ,mr4 ,mansel does n attempt to %[ t x is n a contradiction1 b argues t our belief 9 ,god is ano!r contradiction ( ! same k9d4 ,8 inf]5ce !re=e is1 t z we believe 9 ,god1 not)/&+ ! contradiction1 we ought to believe 9 ! ,tr9ity also1 not)/&+ ! contradiction4 ,if we believe "o1 we may believe bo?4 ,b ?is is a dang]\s argum5t2 s9ce x is evid5t t "o might reply1 t !re rema9s ano!r alt]native2 :i* is1 to believe nei!r4 ,if ,mr4 ,mansel succe$s 9 conv9c+ 8 read]s1 ! result may be a belief 9 ! ,tr9ity1 or x may be a disbelief 9 ,god altoge!r2 "o ( two ?+s--ei!r a return to ,or?odoxy1 or a dep>ture f all religion4 ,ei!r !y w r5\nce reason 9 ord] to reta9 religion1 or !y w r5\nce religion 9 ord] to reta9 reason4 ,at ! v be/1 also1 ! help :i* ?is argum5t (f]s u is to be paid = some:at de>ly4 ,x proposes to save ,or?odoxy by giv+ up ! use ( reason 9 religion4 ,mr4 ,mansel w\ld say1 8by giv+ up ! unlimit$ use ( reason20 b1 z we %all pres5tly see1 ?is comes v mu* to ! same ?+ at la/4 ,:at1 !n1 is ! nature ( ,mr4 ,mansel's argum5t8 ,x is an argum5t f\nd$ ^u ,sir ,william ,hamilton's philosophy ( ! ,uncondition$4 ,n[1 ?is has be5 g5]ally consid]$ ! weak side ( ,hamilton's sy/em4 ,accord+ to him1 ! uncondition$ is inconceivable3 9 o!r words1 ( ! ,absolute & ,inf9ite we h no conception at all4 ,b ?is d5ies to man ! p[] ( conceiv+ ( ,god1 & s leads directly to ,a!ism4 ,?is *>ge has already be5 br\ght aga9/ ,hamilton's philosophy1 9 v>i\s qu>t]s2 = example1 9 ! 8,nor? ,briti% ,review 0 = ,may1 #ahce4 ,b we w n "h attempt any exam9ation ( ,hamilton's !ory1 b conf9e ourselves to ,mr4 ,mansel4 ,! argum5t ( ,mansel is ?is 7p4 #ge73 8,to conceive ! ,deity z he is1 we mu/ conceive him z ,fir/ ,cause1 z ,absolute1 & z ,inf9ite4 ,by ! ,fir/ ,cause is meant t :i* produces all ?+s1 & is itself produc$ ( none2 by ! ,absolute is meant t :i* exi/s 9 & by itself1 hav+ no necess>y relation to any o!r be+2 by ! ,inf9ite is meant t :i* is free f all possible limitation40 ,hav+ ?us def9$ ! ,deity z ! ,fir/ ,cause1 ! ,absolute1 & ! ,inf9ite1 ,mansel goes on to %[ t ^! ideas are mutually contradictory & de/ructive4 ,a ,fir/ ,cause necess>ily supposes effects1 & !re=e _c be absolute3 nor c ! ,inf9ite be a p]son2 = p]sonality is a limitation4 ,by a c\rse ( su* argum5ts z ^!1 ,mansel endeavors to %[ t ! reason is z incapable ( conceiv+ ,god z x is ( conceiv+ ! ,tr9ity1 ! ,atonem5t1 or any o!r ,or?odox doctr9e2 & s9ce we d n r5\nce our belief 9 ,god because ( ^! contradictions1 nei!r ought we1 because ( simil> contradictions1 to r5\nce our belief 9 ! ,tr9ity4 ,su* is ! sub/ance ( ,mansel's /atem5t1 ?\gh ! argum5ts by :i* x is prov$ are v>i$ ) great +5uity & to great ext5t4 ,?is c\rse ( ?\ght is by no means orig9al1 ei!r ) ,mr4 ,mansel or ,sir ,william ,hamilton4 ,a f> great] ?9k] ?an ei!r ( !m 7,immanuel ,kant7 _h long be=e %[n ! logical contradictions ( ! und]/&+ 9 :at he call$ ! ,ant9omies ( ! pure reason4 ,b ! important "q is1 ,if ! reason contradicts itself ?us 9 its conception ( ,deity1 h[ are we to obta9 a gr\nd = our belief 9 ,god8 ,mansel answ]s1 8,?r\gh revelation2 t is1 ?r\gh ! direct decl>ations ( ,scripture40 ,?is he calls fai?4 ,we are to believe 9 a p]sonal ,god on ! gr\nd ( a ,bible confirm$ by miracles4 ,?is result is s /range1 t x may well seem incr$ible4 ,yet we _c ?9k t we h misrepres5t$ ! t5d5cy ( ! argum5t2 ?\gh1 ( c\rse1 we h giv5 no ideas ( ! acut5ess & flexibility ( ! reason+1 ! ext5t ( ! k1 & ma/]y ( logic1 9 ?is "w4 ,t su* a position %\ld be tak5 by a religi\s man1 9 ! suppos$ int]e/ ( ,*ri/ianity1 is suffici5tly /range2 = x seems to u equally unt5able 9 its gr\nds1 unf\nd$ 9 its /atem5ts1 empty ( insight1 de/ructive 9 its results4 ,we w add1 v briefly1 a few ( ! criticisms :i* occur to u4 ,! fir/ ?+ :i* /rikes u 9 ! argum5t is1 t ev]y:]e x deals ) words r ?an ) ?+s4 ,! :ole object ( ! discussion conc]ns ! mean+ ( t]ms1 & x deals ?r\gh\t ) ! relation ( words to o!r words4 ,x is an acute philological argum5t4 ,we feel ourselves to be argu+ ab\t =ms1 & n ab\t sub/ances4 ,n[1 su* argum5ts may confuse1 b !y _c conv9ce4 ,we d n "k1 p]haps1 :at to say 9 reply2 b we rema9 unsatisfi$4 ,"o n us$ to logic may li/5 to an argum5t :i* %all conclusively prove t :ite is black2 t no?+ is great] ?an some?+2 t a man :o jumps f ! top ( ! h\se c nev] rea* ! gr\nd2 b1 ?\gh ! ?+ is prov$1 he is n conv9c$4 ,s1 :5 ,mr4 ,mansel proves to u t we _c conceive ( a ,be+ :o is at ! same "t ,inf9ite & ,p]sonal1 we are unable1 p]haps1 to reply to ! argum5t2 b we "k x to be false1 s9ce we actually h ! two conceptions 9 our m9d4 ,we d conceive ( ! ,deity z an inf9ite p]sonality4 ,( :at use to tell u t we _c h an idea1 :5 we "k t we d h x8 ,mansel tells u t we _c ?9k ! idea ( ! ,inf9ite & ,absolute4 ,he says 7p4 #aaj71 8,! ,absolute & ! ,inf9ite are ?us1 l ! ,inconceivable & ,imp]ceptible1 names indicat+1 n an object ( ?\ght or ( consci\sness at all1 b ! m]e abs5ce ( ! conditions "u :i* consci\sness is possible40 ,b1 !n1 !y are only words1 ) no mean+ atta*$2 &1 if s1 h[ c we argue ab\t !m at all8 ,all argum5t mu/ cease :5 we come to an unmean+ phrase2 !re=e ! exi/5ce ( ,mr4 ,mansel's argum5t proves ! falsehood ( 8 ass]tion4 ,s9ce he argues ab\t ! ,inf9ite1 x is evid5t t he has ! idea ( ! ,inf9ite 9 8 m9d4 ,mr4 ,mansel agrees 9 pr9ciple :olly ) ! ,a!i/s2 = ! ,a!i/s d n say t ,god does n exi/1 or t ,god _c exi/1 b t we _c "k t he exi/s4 ,s says ,mr4 ,holyoake1 a lead+ mod]n ,a!i/4 ,?is is :at ,mansel also ass]ts1 only he goes f>!r ?an !y1 cont5d+ t ! v idea ( ,god is impossible to ! human reason4 ,x is true t he believes 9 ,god on gr\nds ( revelation1 :i* ! ,a!i/s d n2 b he agrees ) !m 9 sett+ aside all natural & reasonable k ( ,deity4 ,b h[ is x possible to obta9 an idea ( ,god f revelation1 if we are be=e de/itute ( su* an idea8 ,:5 ,paul prea*$ to ! ,a!nians1 he address$ !m z hav+ already a true1 ?\gh an imp]fect1 idea ( ,god4 8,:om1 !re=e1 ye ignorantly wor%ip1 him decl>e ,i unto y40 ,b1 if !y _h n already an idea ( ,god1 h[ c\ld he h giv5 !m su* an idea8 ,suppose t he works a miracle1 & says1 8,?is miracle proves t ,god has s5t me to tea* y40 ,b1 by ! supposition1 !y "k no?+ ab\t ,god2 consequ5tly1 !y h no?+ by :i* to te/ ! tru? ( a revelation pr(ess+ to come f him4 ,nei!r miracles1 nor ! nature ( ! tru? taught1 nor ! "* ( ! tea*]1 avail any?+ z evid5ce ( a revelation f a ,be+ ( :om we "k no?+4 ,)\t a previ\s k ( ,god1 only imm$iate revelation is possible4 ,mr4 ,mansel1 !re=e1 is "o :o1 )\t a f\ndation1 builds a h\se on ! s&4 ,he attempts to erect fai? 9 ,god aft] tak+ away ! f\ndation ( reason4 ,! apo/les built reveal$ religion ^u natural religion1 reveal$ !ology ^u natural !ology1 accord+ to ! rule1 8,t is n fir/ :i* is spiritual1 b t :i* is natural2 aft]w>d t :i* is spiritual40 ,*ri/ said1 8,ye believe 9 ,god3 believe also 9 me40 ,mr4 ,mansel rev]ses all ?is1 & makes ,*ri/ say1 8,ye believe 9 me3 believe also 9 ,god40 ,b1 ev5 if x 7 possible to asc5d to belief 9 ,god ?r\gh belief 9 ,*ri/1 we mu/ ask1 ,is n belief ?\ght8 ,if ! m9d _c ?9k ! ,inf9ite1 h[ c x believe ! ,inf9ite8 ,mu/ we n appreh5d a proposition be=e we c believe x8 ,does n ! conception ( a ?+ logically prec$e ! belief ( x8 ,if x is impossible to appreh5d ! ,absolute1 if ?is is only an empty "n1 h[ is x possible to believe 9 ! ,absolute on gr\nds ( revelation1 or on any o!r gr\nds8 ,a miracle _c communicate to ! m9d an idea :i* is beyond its p[] ( conception4 ,mr4 ,mansel decl>es t our religi\s k is regulative1 b n speculative4 ,he lays great /ress on ?is di/9ction3 by :i* he means t we h ideas ( ! ,deity suffici5t to guide our practice1 b n to satisfy our intellect2 :i* tell u1 n :at ,god is 9 himself1 b h[ he wills t we %\ld ?9k ( him4 ,accord+ to ?is view1 all revelation is ov]turn$1 j z all natural religion has be5 previ\sly ov]turn$4 ,revelation does n reveal ,god on ?is !ory4 ,we h no k ( ,god 9 ! gospel1 any m ?an we _h 9 nature4 ,in/ead ( k1 we h only law4 ,b ?is seems to despoil ,*ri/ianity ( its vital =ce4 ,*ri/ says1 8,?is is life et]nal1 to "k !e1 ! only true ,god40 ,b ,mr4 ,mansel tells u t su* k ( ,god is impossible4 ,!re=e1 in/ead ( ! gospel1 he gives u ! law2 = x is c]ta9 t 8 regulative tru?s are simply moral precepts1 address$ to ! w1 n to ! intellect2 capable ( be+ obey$1 b n ( be+ und]/ood4 ,! radical error ( ,mansel seems to be ?is1--t 8 m9d works only 9 ! logical region belong+ to ! und]/&+1 & is ignorant ( ^? high] tru?s :i* are beheld by ! reason4 ,he has tri$ to f9d ,god by logical processes1 &1 ( c\rse1 has fail$4 ,he !re=e concludes t ,god _c be kn[n by ! intellect4 ,he has fully demon/rat$ t ,god _c be compreh5d$ by ! logical und]/&+2 & 9 ?is he has done a good "w4 ,b he has n %[n t ,god _c be kn[n by ! intuitive reason4 ,! und]/&+ compreh5ds3 ! reason appreh5ds4 ,! und]/&+ p]ceives ! =m3 reason takes holds ( ! sub/ance4 ,! und]/&+ sees h[ ?+s are relat$ to ea* o!r3 ! reason sees h[ ?+s are 9 !mselves4 ,! und]/&+ _c1 !re=e1 see ! inf9ite & absolute2 _c appreh5d sub/ance or cause2 kn[s no?+ ( ! et]nal4 ,b ! reason is z c]ta9 ( cause z ( effect2 kn[s et]nity z really z x kn[s "t2 x is z sure ( ! exi/5ce ( _s z x is ( matt]2 & sees ! inf9ite to be z real z ! f9ite4 ,!re=e1 ?\gh we _c compreh5d ,god by logic1 we c appreh5d him by reason4 ,we c be z sure ( 8 be+ z we are ( our own1 & we are n oblig$ to expla9 away all ^? pr(\nd scriptures :i* tea* u t ! object & end ( our be+ is to "k ,god4 ,s9ce1 !re=e1 ,mr4 ,mansel's argum5t1 ) all its acut5ess1 le>n+1 & hone/y1 t5ds directly to ,a!ism2 s9ce1 by ov]turn+ ! f\ndation ( ,*ri/ianity1 x ov]turns ,*ri/ianity itself2 s9ce x sub/itutes m]e moral laws 9 place ( ! vital =ces ( ! gospel1--x is no wond] t its positions h be5 reject$ ) mu* unanimity by ! mo/ em95t ,or?odox s*ol>s4 ,its def5ce ( ,or?odoxy co/s too mu*4 ,lead+ ?9k]s ( v diff]5t s*ools--= example1 ,mr4 ,br[nson1 ! ,roman ,ca?olic1 9 8 8,qu>t]ly ,review20 ,pr(essor ,hickok1 ! ,presbyt]ian1 9 ! 8,biblio!ca ,sacra20 & ,mr4 ,maurice1 ( ! ,*ur* ( ,engl&1 9 an able pamphlet--h oppos$ ) great =ce ! argum5ts & conclusions ( ?is volume4 ,x is true t "s ,or?odox div9es consid] t ,mr4 ,mansel has demon/rat$ t ! human consci\sness is unequal to ! speculative conception ( a ,be+ at once absolute1 inf9ite1 & p]sonal1 & seem gladly to h ! aid ( ?is book 9 def5d+ ! ,tr9ity4 ,b ! m di/+ui%$ & exp]i5c$ ?9k]s m5tion$ above are cauti\s ( accept+ ! help ( s dang]\s an ally4 #b4 ,on ! ,def5ce ( ,v]bal ,inspiration by ,gauss54 ,foll[+ ! decl>ation ( ! apo/le ,paul1 t 8! lett] kille?10 we h1 9 ! text ( ?is volume1 set aside all ! !ories ( ! ,bible :i* assume its absolute & lit]al infallibility4 ,b )9 a few ye>s1 a "w 9 def5ce ( ?is doctr9e has be5 publi%$ abroad1 by an excell5t man1 ,m4 ,gauss51 ( ,g5eva1 & translat$ & republi%$ 9 ,am]ica by ,rev4 ,dr4 ,kirk1 ( ,bo/on4 ,su* a "w1 com+ f su* s\rces1 des]ves "s exam9ation4 ,we %all1 !re=e1 %[ ! c\rse ( argum5t foll[$ 9 ?is book1 & ! reasons :i* lead u to consid] its conclusions uns\nd1 & its reason+ inadequate4 ,inspiration1 z def9$ by ,gauss51 is 8t inexplicable p[] :i* ! div9e ,_s =m]ly ex]cis$ ov] ! au?ors ( ! ,holy ,scriptures1 to guide !m ev5 9 ! employm5t ( ! words !y 7 to use1 & to pres]ve !m f all error1 z well z f e omission4 8,we aim10 says he1 8to e/abli%1 by ! ^w ( ,god1 t ! ,scriptures are f ,god--t all ! ,scriptures are f ,god--& t e "p ( ! ,scripture is f ,god40 ,let u consid] ! argum5ts 9 support ( ?is k9d ( inspiration1 & ! objections to !m4 ,argum5t ,i4 ,pl5>y ,inspiration is necess>y1 t we may "k ) c]ta9ty :at we ought to believe4 ,great /ress is laid ^u ?is suppos$ necessity1 bo? by ,gauss5 & ,kirk4 8,! book s writt510 say !y1 8is ! ,^w ( ,god1 & b9ds ! consci5ce ( ! _w2 & no?+ else does s b9d x1 ev5 ?\gh x 7 ! writ+s ( ,paul & ,pet]4 8,) ! ,infidel1 :e!r he be ,*ri/ian 9 "n or o!rwise1 ! %>p sword ( a p]fect inspiration w be f\nd1 at la/1 indisp5sable4 ,if ! gr\nd is conc$$ to him t !re is a s+le passage 9 ! ,bible t is n div9e1 !n we are dis>m$2 = he w be sure to apply ?is privilege to ! v passages :i* mo/ fully oppose 8 pride1 passion1 & error4 ,h[ is ! consci5ce ( a wick$ race to be b\nd d[n by a *a91 "o l9k ( :i* is weak80 ,reply to ,argum5t ,i4--,x is no way to prove a !ory true to assume its necessity4 ,! only legitimate pro( ( a !ory is by an induction ( facts4 ,?is me?od ( beg9n+ by a suppos$ necessity1 ?is look+ fir/ at consequ5ces1 has always be5 fruitful ( false & empty !ories4 ,! great advance 9 mod]n sci5ce has come f sub/itut+ ! inductive = ! ideological me?od4 ,f9d :at ! facts say1 & ! consequ5ces w take c>e ( !mselves4 ,an argum5t f consequ5ces is usually only an appeal to prejudices4 ,aga93 ,?is argum5t is fatal to ! argum5ts drawn f ! ,scriptures !mselves4 ,9 argu+ f ! ,scripture to prove t e passage is div9e1 we h1 ( c\rse1 no "r to assume t e passage is div9e1 = t is ! v ?+ to be prov$4 ,!n ! texts :i* we quote to prove our position may !mselves n be div9e1 & if we grant t1 8we are dis>m$40 ,=1 accord+ to ?is argum5t1 no?+ c be prov$ conclusively f ,scripture except we believe 9 pl5>y inspiration--!n pl5>y inspiration itself _c be prov$ f ,scripture4 ,b ,gauss5 admits t ?is doctr9e c be prov$ 8only by ! ,scriptures20 !re=e 7accord+ to ?is argum5t7 x _c be prov$ at all4 ,if1 !re=e1 ! doctr9e ( pl5>y inspiration is necess>y 8to b9d ! consci5ce ( ! _w10 x is a doctr9e incapable ( pro(4 ,if1 on ! o!r h&1 x c be prov$1 x is !n cle>ly n necess>y 8to b9d ! consci5ce ( ! _w40 ,b aga94 ,?is !ory ( pl5>y inspiration does n b9d ! consci5ces ( m54 ,if m5 are naturally dispos$ 7z ,messrs4 ,gauss5 & ,kirk ma9ta97 to d5y & disbelieve ! doctr9es & /atem5ts ( ! ,bible1 !y h ample opportunity ( do+ s1 not)/&+ _! belief 9 ?is !ory4 ,=1 aft] admitt+ t ! words ( ,scripture1 j z !y /&1 are p]fectly true & giv5 by ,god1 ! "q comes1 ,:at d !y mean8 ,= in/ance1 ,i wi%1 we w suppose1 to d5y ! doctr9e ( ! ,deity ( ,*ri/4 ,n[1 y quote to me ! text ,rom4 #i3e4 8,( :om1 z conc]n+ ! fle%1 ,*ri/ came1 :o is ov] all1 ,god1 bless$ =ev]10--:i* is ! /ronge/ text 9 ! ,bible 9 support ( t doctr9e4 ,n[1 ?\gh ,i believe 9 ! doctr9e ( pl5>y inspiration1 ,i am n oblig$ to accept ?is passage z pro( ( ! ,deity ( ,*ri/4 ,= ,i c1 #a4 ,ass]t t ! v]se is an int]polation2 #b4 ,ass]t t x is wrongly po9t$2 #c4 ,ass]t t x is mi/ranslat$2 #d4 ,ass]t t ,*ri/ is call$ ,god 9 an inf]ior s5se1 z ,god ov] ! ,*ur*4 ,&1 z a matt] ( fact1 ^! are ! argum5ts always us$1 ev5 by ^? :o d5y ! doctr9e ( a pl5>y inspiration4 ,!y seldom or nev] accuse ! writ] ( a mi/ake1 b always rely on a suppos$ mi/ranslation1 or mis9t]pretation1 9 ord] to avoid ! =ce ( a passage4 ,h5ce1 also1 we f9d believ]s 9 ?is doctr9e ( pl5>y inspiration1 diff]+ 9 op9ion on a ?\s& matt]s1 & ) no probability ( ev] com+ to an agreem5t4 ,argum5t ,,ii4 ,sev]al ,passages ( ! ,new ,te/am5t pla9ly tea* ! ,doctr9e ( ! ,pl5>y ,inspiration ( ! ,bible4 ,! passages quot$ by ,gauss51 & ma9ly reli$ ^u1 are #b ,tim4 #c3af4 8,all ,scripture is giv5 by inspiration10 c42 #b ,pet] #a3bg1 8,holy m5 ( ,god spake z !y 7 mov$10 c4 ,besides ^!1 he ref]s to _m passages 9 ! ,old & ,new ,te/am5ts1 b 8 *ief /ress is laid on ^!4 ,reply to ,argum5t ,,ii4--,x is well kn[n t bo? ^! passages ref] only to ! ,old ,te/am5t ,scriptures4 ,x is well kn[n t ! fir/ may be translat$ s z to read1 8,all ,scripture1 giv5 by inspiration1 is pr(itable10 c4 ,b x is reply en\gh to bo? ^! passages1 to say1 t nei!r ( !m indicates :at k9d ( inspiration is int5d$4 ,!y ass]t an inspiration1 :i* we also ma9ta94 ,b !y d n ass]t a v]bal inspiration1 nor "o :i* makes ! ,scriptures infallible1 b simply "o :i* makes !m pr(itable4 ,! /ress laid on ! passage #b ,tim4 #c3af1 8,all ,scripture10 c41 is itself an argum5t aga9/ ! !ory ( pl5>y inspiration4 ,! mo/ :i* c be made ( ?is text1 by any punctuation or translation1 is1 t all ! ,scripture is writt5 by inspir$ m54 ,:at 0 ! degree or k9d ( _! inspiration1 is n 9 ! lea/ indicat$4 ,x might h be5 v]bal1 x might h be5 ! inspiration ( sugge/ion1 or ( sup]9t5d5ce1 or ! g5]al inspiration ( all ,*ri/ians4 ,gauss5's only argum5t on ?is po9t is1 8t x is ! writ+ :i* is said to be inspir$1 & writ+ mu/ be 9 words2 h5ce ! inspiration mu/ be v]bal40 ,to ?is we mu/ reply1 t inspir$ writ+ c only mean :at is writt5 by inspir$ m54 ,! writ+ itself _c be inspir$4 ,?is argum5t is too flimsy to be dwelt ^u4 ,b fur!r /ill4 ,!re is ano!r argum5t :i* lies aga9/ e attempt to prove pl5>y inspiration out ( ! ,scripture4 ,e su* attempt is necess>ily reason+ 9 a circle4 ,gauss5 & ,kirk h labor$ e>ne/ly to reply to ?is argum5t1 b 9 va94 ,! answ] !y make is1 8,we are n reason+ ) ,infidels1 b ) ,*ri/ians4 ,we address m5 :o respect ! ,scriptures1 & :o admit _! tru?4 ,! ,scriptures are inspir$1 we affirm1 because1 be+ au!ntic & true1 !y decl>e !mselves inspir$2 & ! ,scriptures are pl5>ily inspir$1 because1 be+ inspir$1 !y say t !y are s totally1 & )\t any exception40 ,b we answ] ,messrs4 ,gauss5 & ,kirk ?us3 8,y are inde$ reason+ ) ,*ri/ians1 n ) ,dei/s2 b y are reason+ ) ,*ri/ians :o d n believe t e passage ( ,scripture is infallibly inspir$4 ,to prove y\r doctr9e f any p>ticul> passages or v]bal expressions1 y mu/ prove t ^? p>ticul> passages & expressions are n !mselves errors4 ,y y\rselves ass]t t ?is _c be done1 except we believe ^! passages to be infallibly inspir$4 ,!re=e y mu/ assume infallible inspiration 9 ord] to prove infallible inspiration4 ,9 o!r words1 y beg ! "q in/ead ( argu+ x40 ,9 ?is vici\s circle ! advocates ( a v]bal inspiration ( infallibility are necess>ily imprison$ :5ev] !y attempt to argue f ! words ( ,scripture4 ,!y cont5d t "o mu/ believe _! !ory 9 ord] to be sure t any passage is absolutely true1 & !n !y quote passages to prove _! !ory1 z if !y 7 absolutely true4 ,argum5t ,,iii4 ,! !ory ( pl5>y inspiration is simple1 precise1 intelligible1 & easy to be appli$4 ,we admit ?is to be true4 ,x has ?is m]it 9 common ) ! opposite !ory ( no inspiration4 ,bo? are simple1 precise1 & v easy ( application4 ,b simplicity is n always a sign ( tru?4 ,! facts ( nature & life are m apt to be complex ?an simple4 ,!ories di/+ui%$ by _! simplicity mo/ commonly ignore or omit a "p ( ! facts4 ,simpli/ic !ories are g5]ally "o-sid$ & p>tial4 ,mat]ialism1 ,a!ism1 ,idealism1 ,fatalism1 are all v simple !ories1 & expla9 all difficulties ) a m>vell\s rapidity4 ,?is makes !m1 at fir/1 attractive to ! intellect1 :i* always loves cle> & di/9ct views2 b aft]w>ds1 :5 x is se5 t !y obta9 cle>ness by means ( %all[ness !y are f\nd unsatisfactory4 ,argum5t ,,iv4 ,! quotations f ! ,old ,te/am5t1 by ,jesus & 8 apo/les1 %[ t !y reg>d$ its language z infallibly inspir$4 ,?is argum5t1 ^u :i* great /ress is laid1 bo? by ,pr(4 ,gauss5 & ,dr4 ,kirk1 ?\gh plausible at fir/ sight1 becomes :olly unt5able on exam9ation4 ,?us1 9 ! temptation ( ,jesus1 9 8 reply to ! tempt]1 he says1 8,?\ %alt n live by bread alone20 ! :ole =ce ( ! argum5t dep5d+ on ! s+le ^w alone4 ,reply+ to ! ,sadducees1 :o d5i$ ! resurrection1 he says1 8,h ye n read t ,god says1 ,i am ! ,god ( ,abraham1 & ( ,isaac1 & ( ,jacob8 ,god is n ! ,god ( ! dead1 b ( ! liv+40 ,!n ! :ole /ress ( ! argum5t re/s on ! use ( ! v]b 9 ! pres5t t5se1 8,i am40 ,argu+ ) ! ,ph>isees1 8,h[ did ,david1 by ! ,_s1 call him ,"l1 say+1 ,! ,"l said to my ,"l10 c48 ,"h ! argum5t dep5ds on ! use ( ! s+le ^w ,"l4 ,_m m in/ances c\ld be produc$ ( ! same k9d2 & ,gauss5 cont5ds1 t :5 ,jesus & 8 apo/les ?us re/ _! argum5t on ! =ce ( a s+le ^w ( ! ,old ,te/am5t1 !y mu/ h believ$ t ! v words 7 giv5 by inspiration4 ,= o!rwise ! writ]s might n h *os5 ! "r ^w to express _! ?\ght 9 ea* p>ticul> case4 ,& unless ! ,jews _h also believ$ 9 ! v]bal inspiration ( _! ,scriptures1 !y w\ld h repli$ t ^! p>ticul> words might h be5 errors4 ,reply to ?is ,argum5t4--,plausible z ?is argum5t may seem1 x turns out to be :olly empty & wor?less4 ,:5ev] any writ] is admitt$ to be an au?ority1 !n 8 words become au?oritative1 & argum5ts are necess>ily bas$ on s+le words & expressions4 ,9 all su* cases1 we assume t he *ose ! be/ words by :i* to convey 8 ?\ght1 & yet we d n ascribe to him any inspiration or infallibility4 ,?us1 g into our c\rts ( law1 & y w he> ! language ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates con/itution1 ( ! acts ( legislature1 ( previ\s decisions ( ! c\rts1 argu$ f1 ^w by ^w4 ,c\nsel argue by ! h\r ^u ! =ce & weight ( s+le words 9 ! au?orities4 ,judges 9 _! *>ges in/ruct ! jury to det]m9e ! life & dea? ( ! crim9al accord+ to ! lett] ( ! law4 ,& ?is !y d necess>ily1 accord+ to ! rule1 8,cum rec$it a lit]a1 judex transit 9 legislatorem40 ,b w any "o ma9ta9 t ! c\nsel & c\rt believe t ! legislature 0 infallibly inspir$ to *oose ! v language :i* w\ld convey _! mean+8 ,9 ?is v argum5t = pl5>y inspiration1 ,gauss5 & 8 associates re/ _! argum5t on ! s+le ^w 8all10 9 ! text1 8,all ,scripture is giv5 by inspiration10 c4 ,yet1 say !y1 we are n assum+ t ?is text is pl5>ily inspir$1 = t1 we admit1 w\ld be begg+ ! "q4 ,if1 !n1 ,mr4 ,gauss5 c argue f ! =ce ( ! s+le ^w all1 )\t assum+ ! doctr9e ( pl5>y inspiration1 :y c\ld n ,jesus & 8 apo/les argue f s+le words1 )\t assum+ ! doctr9e ( pl5>y inspiration8 ,!re is1 h[ev]1 a passage 9 ,paul 7,gal4 #c3af71 9 :i* ! apo/le quotes a text f ! ,old ,te/am5t1 & lays ! :ole /ress ( 8 argum5t on two lett]s4 8,he says n1 #8,& to se$s' 1 z ( _m1 b z ( "o1 #8,& to ?y se$' 40 ,accord+ to ,gauss5's argum5t1 ,paul mu/ h believ$ 9 ! inspiration ( ! lett]s4 ,b ,gauss5 is c>eful n to adduce ?is in/ance1 :i* seems at fir/ s mu* 9 8 favor4 ,=1 9 fact1 bo? 9 ,hebrew & ,greek1 z 9 ,engli%1 8se$0 is a collective n\n1 & does mean _m 9 ! s+ul>4 ,! argum5t ( ,paul1 !re=e1 falls ?r\gh2 & x is evid5t t he is no example to be imitat$ "h1 9 lay+ /ress on "o or two lett]s4 ,mo/ mod]n int]pret]s admit t he made a mi/ake2 & s1 among ! anci5ts1 did ,j]ome1 :o nev]!less1 said ! argum5t 80 good en\gh = ! fooli% ,galatians40 ,hav+ ?us repli$1 v briefly1 b we believe suffici5tly1 to ! ma9 argum5ts 9 support ( ?is !ory1 we say1 9 conclusion1 t x _c be true1 = ! foll[+ reasons1 :i* we simply /ate1 & d n n[ attempt to unfold4 #a4 ,! ,new ,te/am5t writ]s n[h]e claim to be infallibly inspir$ to write4 ,if !y _h be5 infallibly inspir$ to write ! ,gospels & ,epi/les1 !y c]ta9ly ought to h ann\nc$ ?is important fact4 ,in/ead ( :i* ,luke gives z 8 reason = writ+1 n t ,god inspir$ him to write1 b t 8inasmu* z o!rs h tak5 9 h&0 to write1 x seem$ good to him also to d ! same1 & t = ! b5efit ( ,!ophilus4 ,john & ,paul ass]t ! tru? ( :at !y say1 b n on acc\nt ( _! be+ inspir$ to write1 b because !y are disciples & apo/les4 #b4 ,! diff]5ces 9 ! acc\nts ( ! same transactions %[ t _! inspiration 0 n v]bal4 ,^! diff]5ces appe> on e page ( any ,h>mony ( ! ,new ,te/am5t4 ,!y are num]\s b unimportant2 !y g to prove ! tru? ( ! n>rative1 & give probability to ! ma9 ,gospel /atem5ts4 ,b !y utt]ly disprove ! !ory ( pl5>y inspiration4 #c4 ,paul decl>es t "s ?+s :i* he says are 8( ! ,"l10 o!r ?+s 8( himself20 t 9 reg>d to "s ?+s he 0 inspir$1 9 reg>d to o!rs1 n4 #d4 ,e writ] 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t has a /yle ( 8 own1 & !re is no appe>ance ( 8 be+ m]ely an amanu5sis4 #e4 ,:ile ! ,new ,te/am5t writ]s lay no claim to any su* inspiration z ?is !ory assumes1 !y d claim = !mselves & = all o!r ,*ri/ians ano!r k9d ( inspiration1 :i* is suffici5t = all ! facts1 & :i* gives !m ample au?ority ov] our fai? & life1 & makes !m indep5d5t s\rces ( ,*ri/ian tru?4 ,?is view we h already suffici5tly consid]$ 9 our *apt] on inspiration4 #c4 ,def5ce ( ! ,doctr9e t ,s9 is a ,nature1 by ,pr(essor ,%$d4 ,9 ! 8,*ri/ian ,review0 = #aheb appe>$ an article ( great p[]1 writt5 by a g5tleman :o has s9ce become em95t z a ?9k] & writ]--,pr(essor ,w4 ,g4 ,t4 ,%$d4 ,! title ( ! article 0 calculat$ to attract att5tion1 z a bold attempt to def5d an extreme position ( ,calv9ism--8,s9 a ,nature1 & t ,nature ,guilt40 ,! article 0 s rational & cle> t we consid] x z be+ ev5 n[ ! be/ /atem5t extant ( ?is ?or\gh-go+ ,calv9ism1 & !re=e devote a few pages "h to its exam9ation47#hg7 ,aft] "s introductory rem>ks1 :i* x is n necess>y to notice1 ! writ] lays d[n 8 fir/ position1 t s9 is a nature4 ,8 /atem5t is1 t we all s9 necess>ily & cont9ually 9 consequ5ce ( our nature1 i4e41 ! "* born ) u1 orig9al & innate4 ,! pro(s ( ?is position are1 #a4 ,! language ( ,/4 ,paul 7,eph4 #b3c71 8,we 7 by nature ! *ildr5 ( wra?1 ev5 z o!rs40 #b4 ,t we are compell$ by ! laws ( our m9d to ref] volitions to a nature1 z qualities to a sub/ance4 ,we _c /op 9 ! outw>d act ( s91 b by a m5tal in/9ct look inw>d to ! p>ticul> volition f :i* ! s9 came4 ,nor c ! m9d /op ) ?is p>ticul> volition4 ,!re is a /eady & uni=m /ate ( "*1 :i* p>ticul> volitions _c expla94 ,! in/9ct ( reason causes u to look back = "o common pr9ciple & s\rce1 :i* %all give unity to ! subject2 &1 hav+ atta9$ a view bo? c5tral & simple1 x is satisfi$4 ,z our m9d compels u to ref] all prop]ties to a sub/ance 9 :i* !y inh]e1 s x compels u to ref] all simil> volitions to a simple nature4 ,:5 we see ex]cises ( ! s\l1 we z in/9ctively ref] !m to a nature 9 t s\l1 z we ref] ! prop]ties ( a body to ! sub/ance ( t body4 #c4 ,*ri/ian exp]i5ce proves t s9 is a nature4 ,! ,*ri/ian1 especially z 8 exp]i5ce deep5s1 is tr\bl$1 n s mu* by 8 sep>ate s9ful actions & volitions1 z by ! s9ful nature :i* !y indicate1 & out ( :i* !y spr+4 ,we are compell$ to believe1 z we look inw>d1 t !re is a pr9ciple ( evil )9 u1 bel[ ^? sep>ate transgressions ( :i* we are consci\s4 ,!re is a diseas$ condition ( ! s\l1 :i* ^! transgressions1 indicate4 ,!re are secret faults f :i* we pray to be cleans$4 #d4 ,! hi/ory ( ,*ri/ian doctr9e %[s t ! ,*ur* has 9 all ages believ$ 9 a s9ful nature1 z di/+ui%$ f consci\s transgressions4 ,^! are ! pro(s ( ! fir/ position1 t s9 is a nature4 ,we h /at$ !m concisely1 b ) suffici5t di/9ctness & complet5ess4 ,let u n[ exam9e _! validity4 ,! fir/ argum5t is ! text 9 ,ephesians1 8,we 7 by nature *ildr5 ( wra?10 4 ,! ^w 1 ! writ] cont5ds1 8always d5otes some?+ orig9al & innate1 9 contradi/9ction to some?+ acquir$ by practice or habit40 ,?is text1 we "k1 is ! pro(-text ( orig9al s91 & is consid]$ by _m comm5tators z tea*+ t man's nature is :olly corrupt4 ,b pla9ly ?is is go+ too f>4 ,grant+ ! full mean+ claim$ = ! ^w 1 ! text only ass]ts t !re is some?+ 9 man's nature :i* exposes him to ! div9e displeasure by be+ ! s\rce ( s94 ,x does n ass]t ! corruption ( ! :ole nature1 nor preclude ! supposition t we are born ) t5d5cies to good1 no less ?an to evil4 ,t we are s1 ! writ] is b\nd by 8 own /atem5t to admit2 = if ?is ,greek ^w 8always d5otes some?+ orig9al & innate10 x d5otes ?is 9 ,rom4 #b3ad17hh7 :i* decl>es t ! ,g5tiles 8d by nature ! ?+s conta9$ 9 ! law40 ,accord+ to ?is passage 9 ,romans1 if !re be su* a ?+ z natural depravity1 x is n total2 & if !re be su* a ?+ z total depravity1 x is n natural4 ,^? :o wi% to ma9ta9 bo? doctr9es c only d x by admitt+ two diff]5t k9ds ( s9fulness 9 man1 "o ( :i* is natural1 b n total2 ! o!r total1 b n natural--a di/9ction :i* we e/eem a s\nd "o4 ,accord+ to ?is passage 9 ,rom #b3ad1 we mu/ und]/& z ref]r+ to ! good side ( man's nature1 & ! same ^w 9 ,eph4 #b3c z ref]r+ to ! corrupt side ( man's moral nature4 ,! fir/ ref]s to ! 8law ( ! m9d20 ! second1 to ! o!r 8law 9 ! memb]s0 7,rom4 #g3bc74 ,b !re is ano!r passage 7,gal4 #b3ae71 :i* ass]ts t ! ,jews by nature are n s9n]s1 l ! hea!n4 ,n[1 z we c h>dly suppose t ! orig9al in/9cts & innate t5d5cies ( ! ,jewi% *ild 7 radically good f bir?1 & ess5tially diff]5t f ^? ( ! hea!n1 & z su* a supposition w\ld contradict ! :ole argum5t ( ,paul 9 ,rom4 *4 #b1 x is evid5t t 9 ,gal4 #b3ae does n d5ote some?+ orig9al & innate4 ,! mean+ ( ?is v]se probably is1 t ! ,jew f bir? up1 & by ! m]e fact ( be+ born a ,jew1 came "u ! influ5ces ( a religi\s education1 :i* pres]v$ him f _m =ms ( hea!n depravity4 ,! ^w1 !re=e1 means 9 t passage1 n a ,jew by nature1 b a ,jew by bir?2 &1 if s1 we are at lib]ty1 if we *oose1 to ascribe ! same mean+ to ! ^w 9 ,ephesians1 & to und]/& ! text to tea* t we 7 by bir? plac$ "u circum/ances :i* t5d$ necess>ily to deprave ! "*4 ,?is passage1 !re=e1 quot$ by ! writ]1 does n tea* entire depravity by nature1 b a p>tial depravity1 ei!r f\nd 9 ! h]$it>y t5d5cies & in/9cts1 or acquir$ by means ( ! evil circum/ances surr\nd+ ! *ild f 8 bir?4 ,! second argum5t ( ! writ] is1 t ! laws ( m9d compel u to ref] s9ful volitions to a s9ful nature1 z !y compel u to ref] qualities to a sub/ance4 ,we admit t1 :]e we see uni=m & con/ant habits ( action1 we are compell$ to ref] ^! to a p]man5t "* or /ate ( be+4 ,if a man once 9 8 life becomes intoxicat$1 we d n inf] any habit ( intemp]ance1 or any vici\s t5d5cy2 b if he is habitually intemp]ate1 we are compell$1 z ! writ] ju/ly ass]ts1 to look b5ea? ! sep>ate s+le actions = "o common pr9ciple & s\rce4 ,b 9 assum+ t ?is s\rce is a nature br\ght ) u into ! _w1 ! writ] seems to u to jump to a conclusion4 ,x may be an acquir$ "*1 n an orig9al nature4 ,x may be an induc$ /ate ( disease ei!r ( body or m9d1 a depravity :i* has comm5c$ ?is side ( *ildhood4 ,we "k t !re are acquir$ habits bo? ( m9d & ( body2 o!rwise1 n only w\ld x be impossible = a man to gr[ worse1 b x w\ld also be impossible = him to gr[ bett]1 & !re w\ld be an end to all improvem5t & progress4 ,su* an acquir$ "* introduces unity into ! subject ( inve/igation1 z completely z does an orig9al nature1 & !re=e satisfies all ! wants ( ! m9d4 ,a precisely simil> answ] may be made to ! writ]'s ?ird argum5t1 drawn f ,*ri/ian exp]i5ce4 ,he is p]fectly "r1 we ?9k1 9 say+ t ! ,*ri/ian is tr\bl$1 n m]ely1 nor *iefly1 by ! recollection ( s+le acts & volitions ( evil1 b 9 ! evid5ce :i* !y seem to give ( a s9ful /ate ( m9d & he>t4 ,he is "r 9 consid]+ any !ory ( moral evil %all[ & inadequate :i* only takes into acc\nt s9ful actions & s9ful volitions4 ,:at e>ne/ man1 :o has s]i\sly set ab\t correct+ a fault1 or improv+ 8 "*1 b has be5 oblig$ to say1 8,to w is pres5t ) me2 b h[ to p]=m t :i* ,i w1 ,i f9d n08 ,e e>ne/ ef=t %[s u m pla9ly h[ deep ! roots ( evil run bel[ ! surface4 ,we f9d a law 9 ! memb]s w>r+ aga9/ ! law ( ! m9d1 & br++ u into captivity to ! law ( s94 ,?is is ! description :i* ,paul gives ( x4 ,x is a law2 t is1 some?+ regul>1 con/ant1 p]man5t--a /eady /ress1 a bias t[>ds evil4 ,! apo/le1 h[ev]1 diff]s f ! writ] 9 plac+ ?is law1 n 9 ! w1 b 9 ! memb]s2 & also 9 /at+ t !re is ano!r law1--t ( ! m9d1--:i* has a t5d5cy t[>ds good4 ,9 ! unreg5]ate we und]/& him to tea* t ! law ( evil is ! /rong]1 & holds ! man1 ! p]sonal w1 captive4 ,9 ! reg5]ate1 ! rev]se is ! case4 ,nor does ,paul tea* t ?is s9ful t5d5cy is guilt4 ,x is n 8,o guilty man t ,i am60 b 8,o wret*$ man t ,i am60 ,n[1 :ile we agree ) ! writ] 9 reject+ z sup]ficial & inadequate any !ory ( evil1 :e!r emanat+ f our own d5om9ation or f any o!r1 :i* does n recognize ?is evil /ate or t5d5cy ly+ bel[ ! volitions1 we diff] f him 9 t we ?9k x n always a nature1 b a "*4 ,he has n prov$1 nor begun to prove1 t ?is d>k gr\nd ( evil 9 man is always innate or orig9al4 ,x may or may n be2 b ! argum5t f ,*ri/ian exp]i5ce %[s no?+ ( ! sort4 ,! writ]'s f\r? & rema9+ argum5t is1 t ! ,*ur* has1 9 all ages1 believ$ 9 a s9ful nature1 z di/+ui%$ f consci\s transgressions4 ,if ?is 7 s1 we admit t x %\ld h weight 9 ! inquiry2 b we d5y ! fact s f>1 at lea/1 z ! s9ful nature is conc]n$47#hi7 ,! writ] proce$s ?us3 8,assum+1 !n1 t ! fact ( a s9ful nature has be5 e/abli%$1 we pass to ! second /atem5t ( ,/4 ,paul1 t man is by nature a *ild ( wra?4 ,we pass f 8 /atem5t t s91 9 its ultimate =m1 is a nature1 to 8 /atem5t t ?is nature is guilt40 ,if we h done ju/ice to ! writ]'s argum5ts1--& x has be5 our object to /ate !m fairly1 ?\gh briefly1--we submit t ! fact ( a s9ful nature has n be5 e/abli%$ by !m4 ,he has %[n t 9 man !re is a t5d5cy to evil runn+ bel[ ! consci\s1 di/9ct volitions--t !re is a p]man5t "*1 good or evil1 :i* manife/s itself1 & becomes fir/ app>5t to ourselves1 or to o!rs1 9 ^! sep>ate1 spiritual ex]cises or actions4 ,b t ?is /ress ei!r to good or evil1 ?is law ei!r ( ! m9d or memb]s1 is orig9al & inborn1 is yet to be prov$4 ,let u !n consid] ! second po9t1 namely1 :e!r ?is "* or nature1 :i*ev] x may be1 is also guilt4 ,z ! writ]'s fir/ argum5t to prove a s9ful nature 0 drawn f ! ,greek ^w 1 s 8 fir/ argum5t to prove t nature guilt is d]iv$ f ! ,greek ^w 9 ! same passage4 8,! apo/le tea*es10 he says1 8t s9ful man is a *ild ( wra?4 ,n[1 none b a guilty be+ c be ! object ( ! righte\s & holy displeasure ( ,god40 ,b ?is ^w1 translat$ wra?1 is confess$ly us$ 9 o!r s5ses besides t ( ! div9e ang] or displeasure4 ,x may mean ! suff]+s or puni%m5ts :i* come z ! result ( s91 9 :i* s5se x is us$ 9 ,matt4 #c3g1 8,:o ha? w>n$ y to flee f ! wra? to come80 & o!r places4 ,?is ^w is us$ 9 ! passage j quot$ = "s future evil2 9 ,john #c3cf1 = a pres5t evil--8,! wra? ( ,god abides on him20 & 9 #a ,!ss4 #b3af1 = a pa/ evil--8,= ! wra? is come lit4 has come on !m to ! utt]mo/40 ,x may mean ! subjective feel+ ( guilt2 ! s5se t we des]ve ! div9e displeasure1 :i* is remov$ by ! assurance ( =giv5ess4 ,x may mean ! /ate ( ali5ation f ,god1 :i* results by a law ( ! consci5ce f ?is s5se ( guilt--an ali5ation remov$ by ! div9e act by :i* ,god reconciles ! s9n] to himself4 ,& ! radical mean+1 f :i* ^! second>y mean+s fl[1 may be ! ess5tial antagonism exi/+ betwe5 ! holy nature ( ,god & all evil4 ,b :atev] x means1 x _c int5d any?+ l human ang]4 ,9 ! div9e wra? !re is nei!r selfi%ness nor passion2 & x mu/ consi/ ) an inf9ite love t[>ds its object4 ,! ^w1 !re=e1 z us$ 9 ,eph4 #b3c1 does n convey ! idea ( guilt1 a vi t]m9is4 ,x may mean z well1 t ?is s9ful t5d5cy 9 man1 manife/+ itself 9 s9ful actions1 produces a /ate ( e/rangem5t or ali5ation betwe5 man & ,god4 ,h[ f> ?is is a guilty ali5ation1 & h[ f> x is evil & sorr[ful1 is n to be le>n$ f ! t]m itself4 ,b ! ma9 pro( ( ! writ] 9 support ( 8 second position is f\nd 9 ! ass]tion1 t ?is s9ful t5d5cy 9 man1 out ( :i* evil acts cont9ually fl[1 is n a t5d5cy ( ! physical nature1 b ( ! w itself4 ,he di/+ui%es ! w prop] f ! m]e faculty ( s+le *oices1 & consid]s x to be a deep] p[] ly+ at ! v c5tre ( ! s\l1 :i* det]m9es ! :ole man ) ref]5ce to "s great & unlimit$ end ( liv+4 ,x is1 9 fact1 ! man himself--! p]son4 ,= man1 he ass]ts1 is n ess5tially intellect or feel+2 b is ess5tially & at bottom a w1 a self-det]m9+ creature4 8,8 o!r faculties ( kn[+ & feel+ are graft$ into ?is /ock & root2 & h5ce he is responsible f c5tre to circumf]5ce40 ,he !n affirms ! w1 ?us def9$1 to be ! responsible & guilty au?or ( ! s9ful nature2 be+ no?+ m nor less ?an its con/ant & total det]m9ation to self z ! ultimate end ( liv+4 ,?is volunt>y p[]1 :i* is ! man himself1 has turn$ away f ,god & direct$ itself to self z an ultimate end2 & ?is /ate ( ! w is ! s9ful nature ( man4 ,we h no disposition to qu>rel ) ! psy*ology ( ?is /atem5t4 ,we admit man to be ess5tially w1 9 ! s5se "h describ$4 ,he is ess5tially activity2 an activity limit$ ext]nally1 by special organization & circum/ances1--limit$ int]nally1 by quantity ( =ce1 & k4 ,nor1 aga91 d we d5y t 9 ! unreg5]ate /ate ! w ( man is direct$ to self r ?an to ,god z its ultimate end2 & t ?is is guilt1 & 9 a c]ta9 s5se total guilt4 ,no man c s]ve two ma/]s4 ,if he is ob$i5t to "o1 he is necess>ily disob$i5t to ! o!r4 ,?is disob$i5ce may1 or may n1 appe> 9 act2 b x is !re 9 /ate4 ,he ^: ultimate end is self-gratification is always ready to sacrifice ! w ( ,god to 8 own4 ,he ^: ultimate end is ,god is always ready to sacrifice 8 own w4 ,9 ?is s5se1 ! unreg5]ate man may be said to be :olly s9ful2 & he :o is born ( ,god1 n to commit s94 ,?us mu* we grant2 & ! admission is a l>ge "o4 ,b we mu/ n[ object to ! writ]1 t ?is is b "o side ( ! "q2 & t he has omitt$ to see ! o!r side4 ,! s\rces ( evil are n s simple z he seems to suppose2 = man is a v complex be+1 & ! _w 9 :i* he lives is a v complex _w4 ,we !re=e w\ld inquire1-- ,:at pro( h we t ?is guilty direction ( ! w is a nature1 9 ! s5se claim$1 i4e41 some?+ innate or orig9al8 ,:y may n ! w h be5 turn$ gradually 9 ?is direction z we gr[ up1 by enticem5ts ( pleasure2 & :y might n ! w1 9 l mann]1 by means ( wise culture1 h be5 gradually direct$ to ,god8 ,aga93 :at pro( h we t we are s :olly unconsci\s ( ?is direction ( ! w1 z our au?or cont5ds8 ,t a great _m ( ! acts ( ! w are unconsci\s acts1 l ! sep>ate movem5ts ( ! f+] 9 a skilful piani/1 or lift+ ( ! feet 9 walk+1 we admit2 & we are n responsible = ^! sep>ate acts1 b = ! prec$+ *oice1 by means ( :i* we det]m9e to play ! tune1 or walk ! mile4 ,9 l mann]1 ! direction ( ! s\l to self r ?an to ,god may be moral evil2 b is n moral guilt1 until we become consci\s ( x1 9 a great] or less degree4 ,!n1 :5 p>tially or :olly awak5$ to ! evil direction ( ! s\l1 if we all[ ourselves to neglect ?is discov]y1 to turn away f ! fact & =get x1 on t consci\s act presses ! :ole burd5 ( guilt1 & n on ! unconsci\s volitions :i* may result f x4 ,we say1 !re=e1 9 opposition to ! writ]1 t ?\gh !re may be depravity )\t consci\sness ( ! deprav$ /ate1 !re _c be guilt )\t consci\sness ( ! evil *oice1 or1 z ! apo/le says1 8,s9 is n imput$ :]e !re is no law40 ,aga93 we totally diss5t f ! /atem5t t ?is deep-ly+ w 9 man is unable to obey ! comm&s1 8,turn ye1 turn ye f y\r evil way1 = :y w ye die80--8,rep5t & be conv]t$1 t y\r s9s may be blott$ out10--8,make y a new he>t & a new _s10--8,*oose y ?is day :om y w s]ve10--8,believe 9 ! ,"l ,jesus ,*ri/ & be sav$40 ,! writ] says1 t 8su* a p[] z ?is1 includ+ s mu*1 & runn+ s deep1 :i* is a det]m9ation ( ! :ole s\l1 _c1 f ! v nature ( ! case1 be su* a facile & easily manag$ p[] z t by :i* we resolve to d "s p>ticul> ?+ 9 e-day life40 ,true3 n s easily manag$2 b c x n be manag$ at all8 ,x may require m self-exam9ation to und]/& :at ! direction ( ! w is1 & m conc5tration ( ?\ght & w1 & m lean+ on ,god's help2 b ) all ^! are we able or n able to turn to ,god8 ,he says1 ! great ma9 t5d5cy ( ! w to self & s9 z an ultimate end1 ?\gh hav+ a free & crim9al orig91 8is n to be rev]s$ s easily40 ,true1 aga92 b :y n less easily8 ,! writ] speaks ( ! s9ful w z a 8total det]m9ation ( itself to self20 & asks 8h[ ! p[] t is to rev]se all ?is process c possibly come out ( ! w ?us %ut up1 & entirely swall[$ 9 ! process4 ,h[ is ! process to de/roy itself80 ,b :at6 ,has man become a process8 ,he is ess5tially w1 b is ?is w bl9d me*anism8 ,has x n1 accord+ to our au?or's own !ory1 intellig5ce1 consci5ce1 affection1 root$ into x8 ,! mom5t t ! writ] beg9s to speak ( ! w1 z unable to *ange its direction1 he is compell$ to conceive ( x mat]ially & me*anically1 & n z ! moral1 responsible s\l4 ,he says1 8,! human w becomes a curr5t t becomes unmanageable simply because ( its own mom5tum40 ,& !re=e1 aga91 he is oblig$ to conceive ( ! :ole volunt>y p[] z lo/1 & lo/ be=e man 0 born2 & he r$uces all our real fre$om to ! orig9al act ( ! w previ\s to bir?1 :i* took place :5 we 7 pres5t 9 ,adam's s\l1 & committ$ ! fir/ transgression ) him4 ,?is is pla9ly ! d5ial ( all human fre$om s9ce ! fall ( ,adam4 ,we br+ into ! _w1 accord+ to ! writ]1 a w :olly & inevitably b5t to evil4 ,we h no consci\sness ( ?is t5d5cy1 & if we 7 consci\s ( x we h no p[] to *ange x2 b we yet are responsible = x1 & guilty because ( x1 inasmu* z we began ?is /ate ourselves :5 all our s\ls 7 my/ically pres5t 9 ! s\l ( ,adam4 ,( ?is !ory1 we m]ely say n[1 t1 if x be true1 man is n n[ guilty ( any s9 :i* he commits 9 8 mortal life2 = he is n n[ a free be+4 ,he is only responsible = ! s9 :i* he freely committ$ 9 ,adam4 ,he is no m responsible :5 we suppose 8 s9 to proce$ f 8 w1 ?an :5 we suppose x to proce$ f a deprav$ s5su\s nature1 or f involunt>y ignorance1 = he is no m free 9 ! "o case ?an 9 ! o!r4 ,he may be an inf9itely deprav$ & inf9itely mis]able be+1 b he c 9 no true s5se be call$ a guilty be+4 ,aga9 we say1 if ?is !ory be true1 x is an awful !ory1 & "o :i* we _c possibly reconcile ) ! ju/ice or goodness1 & /ill less ) ! fa!rly "*1 ( ,god4 ,t ,god %\ld s h con/itut$ human nature t all ! millions ( ! human race %\ld h _h ?is fatal opportunity ( de/roy+ !mselves utt]ly1 by "o simultane\s act1 9 ,adam1 is1 to say ! lea/1 an awful !ory to prop\nd conc]n+ our heav5ly ,fa!r4 ,we might put ,*ri/'s argum5t to any man n h>d5$ by !ological /udy1 z x seems to u1 ) irresi/ible =ce4 8,:at man is !re among y1 ,,be+ ,a ,,fa!r10 :o c\ld d any?+ ( ?is sort8 ,b we "k too well t all su* appeals fall h>mless f ! sev5fold %ield ( a sy/ematiz$ !ology4 ,!re=e we w only say fur!r1 conc]n+ ?is !ory1 t1 z be+ app>5tly 9 direct conflict ) ! div9e attributes z taught 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t2 z mak+ man a m]e process depriv$ ( real fre$om2 z prov+ man n guilty = any s9 committ$ 9 ?is life2 & z !reby dead5+ ! s5se ( responsibility1 & %[+ t we _c possibly obey ! comm&1 8,rep5t & turn to ,god10--?is !ory ( a s9 committ$ 9 ,adam ought to h ! ample/ pro( be=e we believe x4 ,we admit t x may be true1 ?\gh oppos$ to all our ideas ( ,god1 man1 & duty4 ,b be+ ?us oppos$1 x ought to be su/a9$ by ! mo/ unansw]able argum5ts4 ,if ,jesus & 8 apo/les h told u s pla9ly1 we w believe x if we c4 ,h[ is x1 !n8 ,n a ^w on ! subject 9 ! f\r ,gospels4 ,n a text f ! lips ( ,jesus :i* c be pret5d$ to lay d[n any su* !ory4 ,he does n ev5 m5tion ! "n ( ,adam once 9 ! ,gospels1 nor allude to him1 except :5 speak+ ( m>riage4 ,?is !ory re/s1 n on any?+ conta9$ 9 ! ,gospels1 book ( ,acts1 or ,epi/les ( ,pet]1 ,james1 or ,john1 b on two texts 9 two ,epi/les ( ,paul 7,rom4 #e3ad2 #a ,cor4 #ae3bb74 ,9 ! latt] passage ,paul says n a ^w ( ,adam's s91 b only ( 8 dea?1--! :ole *apt] treat+1 n ( s91 b ( dea? & ! resurrection4 ,?is passage1 !re=e1 c h>dly be consid]$ a pla9 /atem5t ( ! !ory4 ,! o!r1 9 ,romans1 is confess$ly s f> f pla91 t x is difficult to make x agree ) any !ory2 b ! mo/ evid5t mean+1 to "o :o has no !ory to support1 is1 t s9 began ) ,adam1 & ! consequ5ces ( s91 :i* are moral & physical evil1 began also ) him2 & z he ?us set 9 motion a s]ies ( evil t5d5cies :i* we f9d 9 our organization1 & :i* ,paul else:]e calls ! law ( ! memb]s1 & a s]ies ( evil circum/ances :i* we f9d ar\nd u 9 ! _w1 bo? ( :i* are ! occasion ( s91 we may trace back to him ! comm5cem5t ( human disob$i5ce4 ,if ! passage tea*es any?+ m ?an ?is1 x c]ta9ly does n tea* x pla9ly or explicitly4 #d4 ,def5ce ( ,ev]la/+ ,puni%m5t1 by ,dr4 ,nehemiah ,adams & ,dr4 ,j4 ,p4 ,?ompson4 ,two def5ces ( ?is dreadful doctr9e h appe>$ )9 a few ye>s--"o by ,rev4 ,nehemiah ,adams1 ,d4 ,d4 7*iefly kn[n by 8 _m & det]m9$ pleas = slav]y71 & ! o!r by ,dr4 ,?ompson ( ,new ,york4 ,we w fir/ exam9e ,dr4 ,adams's tract on 8,! ,reasonabl5ess ( ,et]nal ,future ,puni%m5t40 ,we h ^! ?ree objections to x3-- ,i4 ,x1 ?r\gh\t1 d5ies ! sov]eignty ( ,god4 ,,ii4 ,x is1 ?r\gh\t1 a sy/em ( naturalism4 ,,iii4 ,x1 ?r\gh\t1 ignores ! c5tral tru? ( ! gospel4 ,x is our bus9ess to sub/antiate ^! ass]tions by suffici5t pro(4 #a4 ,! view tak5 9 8 tract1 ( ,god1 _c be true1 because x conflicts ) 8 supreme & sov]eign deity4 ,( c\rse1 ?is is to de?rone ,god4 ,god1 if n sov]eign1 is n ,god4 ,any view :i* di/urbs1 h[ev] remotely1 ! supremacy ( ! ,deity1 mu/ be a relapse t[>ds ,pagan idolatry4 ,we *>ge ?is t5d5cy on ! :ole t5or ( ?is tract4 ,we affirm t x s]i\sly impairs t confid5ce & /r5g? :i* c only come f reliance on ,omnipot5ce1 & rem&s u to ! t]rors & n>r[ness ( ,poly!ism3 n consci\sly1 ( c\rse1 or int5tionally1 b by ! logic ( its ideas & ! t5d5cy ( its argum5t4 ,accord+ to ,dr4 ,adams's view ( ! _w1 x is a sc5e ( conflict betwe5 ,god & ! ,devil4 ,! prize cont5d$ = is ! s\ls ( m54 ,god wi%es to save !m3 ! ,devil wi%es to damn !m4 ,by imm5se ef=ts1--by ! unp>allel$ sacrifice ( himself on ! cross1--,god succe$s 9 sav+ a portion ( ?is race1 :om ! ,devil _h plung$ into fe>ful & desp]ate s94 ,z = ! re/1 ,he c d no?+ ) !m1 b mu/ g away & leave !m2 escap+ ) ! sav$ to "s o!r region1 :]e ! s9 & mis]y ( ! re/ may be lo/ sight (4 ,! only div9e supremacy :i* ,dr4 ,adams admits is t ( =ce4 ,god is1 on ! :ole1 /rong] ?an ! ,devil2 s t ,he c prev5t him f c>ry+ 8 ravages beyond c]ta9 limits4 ,god c 8hem 9 & ov]rule0 ! p[] ( s92 b he _c conqu] x4 ,he has no complete p[] ov] ! he>t & w ( m5 to become supreme !re2 b he has p[] ov] _! conduct1 & c re/ra9 t )9 c]ta9 limits4 ,god's sov]eignty1 accord+ to ,dr4 ,adams1 is only l t ( a human gov]nm5t1 & t1 aga91 a weak "o4 ,a human gov]nm5t is /rong :5 x is able to disp5se ) /&+ armies1 ) an omnipres5t police1 ) prisons & dungeons3 x is weak :5 its au?ority is only ma9ta9$ by ^!4 ,9 ! fir/ case1 x re/s on ! love ( ! p2 9 ! o!r case1 only on =ce4 ,n[1 accord+ to ,dr4 ,adam's tract1 ,god's sov]eignty is ess5tially "o ( =ce4 ,he is n sov]eign by ov]com+ s9 ?r\gh 8 own hol9ess1 b only by re/ra9+ its outbreaks by ext]nally appli$ =ce4 ,s f> f conqu]+ s91 he is repres5t$ z giv+ up all hope ( conqu]+ x4 ,he has tri$ ev]y?+ 9 8 p[]1 & has fail$4 ,he c d no?+ m4 ,dr4 ,adams speaks ( ,god's 8hav+ exp5d$ ^u u all :i* ! gospel ( 8 grace includes10 & ( 8! failure ( t :i* is ! brightness ( 8 glory40 ,n[1 ,dr4 ,adams says1 8,:at ,god w probably d is1 to g away & leave u10 ,god says1 accord+ to ! idea ( ?is tract1 8,i w place all ( y1 :o s91 9 a _w by y\rselves1 f :i* ,i & my fri5ds w =ev] )draw40 ,9 sub/ance1 ,he gives up1 & ackn[l$ges himself defeat$4 ,he is beat5 by s91 :i* is m p[]ful ?an 8 gospel4 ,s9 compels ! ,deity to compromise2 to take "s s\ls1 & to leave o!rs2 to divide ! univ]se1--love reign+ 9 "o "p ( x1 hatr$ & wick$ness 9 ano!r4 #b4 ,! second objection to ! doctr9e ( ev]la/+ puni%m5t1 z taught 9 ^! works1 is1 t x is a sy/em ( pure mat]ialism4 ,x is naturalism1 z oppos$ to sup]naturalism4 ,all its argum5ts f ,scripture int]pret ,scripture accord+ to its lett]1 & n accord+ to its _s4 ,:ile mu* /ress is laid on ! ^w 8et]nal10 no real et]nity is believ$ 91 or ev5 conceiv$ (4 ,! fundam5tal law ( religi\s k--namely1 t a man mu/ be born ( ! ,_s 9 ord] to see ! k+dom ( ,god1 & t spiritual ?+s mu/ be spiritually disc]n$--is :olly lo/ sight (4 ,! spiritual _w1 ) its bliss & its woe1 is suppos$ to be a cont9uation ( ! natural _w1 in/ead ( be+ its exact opposite4 ,! same conditions ( space & "t are suppos$ to prevail !re z "h4 ,hell is reg>d$ by ,dr4 ,adams z a l>ge place1 locat$ 9 "s remote "p ( ! univ]se1 :]e ! suff]+s & blasphemies ( damn$ s\ls & devils w n di/urb ! s5tim5tal happ9ess ( himself & 8 pi\s companions4 ,et]nity he reg>ds z an enorm\s & q inconceivable accumulation ( "t1 in/ead ( be+ ! v negation ( "t4 ,an unlimit$ quantity ( days1 mon?s1 & ye>s1 is 8 notion ( et]nity4 ,9 l mann]1 all ! argum5ts by :i* ! s*ool to :i* he belongs ma9ta9s ?is doctr9e1 are drawn f relations :i* exi/ 9 ?is _w4 ,great use is made ( ! analogies ( human gov]nm5t4 ,x is said t x w\ld n be safe = ! ,deity to =give s9s on ! simple condition ( rep5tance1 )\t an atonem5t1 because x w\ld n be safe = human gov]nm5ts to d s4 ,! gov]nm5t ( ,god is made :olly simil> to ! imp]fect & ignorant gov]nm5ts ( m54 ,:5 we say t ,god1 z describ$ 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t1 is n a ,be+ to inflict ev]la/+ suff]+ h]eaft]1 we are told t he inflicts suff]+ "h2 z ?\gh !re 7 no ess5tial di/9ction betwe5 ! f9ite & ! inf9ite1 ! temporal & ! et]nal4 ,:5 we argue t ,god w\ld n susp5d ! et]nal de/9y ( a s\l ^u ! conduct & ! det]m9ation ( a brief e>?ly life1 we h in/ances giv5 u ( great risks to :i* we are expos$1 & great evils :i* we may incur1 9 ?is _w2 z ?\gh !re 7 no diff]5ce betwe5 a p>tial loss & total de/ruction4 ,:5 we say t ! ju/ice ( ,god w n p]mit him to puni% ev]la/+ly ^? :o1 l ! hea!n1 h nev] kn[n ,*ri/1 we h in/ances giv5 ( ^? :o h ignorantly burn$ !mselves or h fall5 d[n precipices4 ,9 all su* examples1 ^! reason]s ov]look ! ess5tial di/9ction betwe5 ! f9ite & ! inf9ite4 ,!y =get t all f9ite evil c be made ! means ( a great] ultimate good1 b t inf9ite evil _c4 ,x is a curi\s fact1 t ^? :o are mo/ ,or?odox fall mo/ easily into a v h>d & dry naturalism4 ,god is to !m a k+ sitt+ on a ?rone 9 "s f> heav5 outside ( ! _w1 n a _s p]vad+ x & su/a9+ x4 ,he gov]ns m5 f )\t by (f]+ !m rew>ds & ?reat5+ !m ) puni%m5ts1 n by inw>d inspirations & influ5ce4 ,he tea*es !m f )\t by an outw>d ,*ri/1 an outw>d ,bible1 outw>d prea*]s1 pulpits1 cre$s1 ,sabba?s1 & *ur*es2 n by ,*ri/ =m$ )9 u1 n by epi/les & gospels writt5 on ! fle%ly tables ( ! he>t4 ,! day ( judgm5t is a p>ticul> "t1 :5 ,god %all sit on 8 ?rone1 & all appe> be=e him2 n ! p]petual spiritual s5t5ce pron\nc$ 9 ea* human s\l by ! div9e law4 ,& s heav5 is a place :]e !re is to be "s s++ ( psalms1 & su* amusem5ts z are "h consid]$ prop] 9 ,or?odox families2 hell1 ano!r place1 :]e s\ls are %ut up1 to suff] f physical fire1 or at lea/ f "s ext]nal infliction4 ,! doctr9e taught by ! ,savi\r 9 ! fir/ twelve v]ses ( 8 fir/ s]mon1 t ! humble1 ! g5]\s1 ! m]ciful1 are already bless$1 & h heav5 n[1 does n appe> to be at all compreh5d$4 ,t heav5 & hell are 9 ?is _w already2 t tru?1 love1 & use are its ess5ce1 :il/ falsehood & selfi%ness are ! ess5ce ( hell1--^!1 ?\gh rudim5tal facts ( ,*ri/ianity1 are commonly consid]$ m]e my/icism4 ,b ^? :o d n see all ?is h n se5 ! k+dom ( heav51 & mu/ be born aga91 into a new _w ( spiritual ideas1 9 ord] to see x4 #c4 ,! ?ird & pr9cipal argum5t aga9/ ! doctr9e ( ev]la/+ puni%m5t is1 t x is inconsi/5t ) ! div9e love to 8 creatures4 ,x is impossible = ,god to manife/ love to a human be+ by inflict+ ev]la/+ torm5t ^u him4 ,x _c d him good1 because1 accord+ to ?is !ory1 ! p]iod ( probation is pa/1 & he has no p[] n[ to rep5t4 ,z f>1 !re=e1 z ! man himself is conc]n$1 x is gratuit\s suff]+--torm5t inflict$ )\t any purpose4 ,x _c be said t ,god has any love = ! s\l :i* he is treat+ 9 ?is way4 ,he has ca/ x (f4 ,to t s\l1 nev]more1 ?r\gh\t ! ages ( an ev]la/+ exi/5ce1 %all ,god appe> z a fri5d1 b always z an enemy4 ,we sometimes he> ( a fa!r :o dis9h]its a *ild 9 consequ5ce ( "s act ( disob$i5ce4 ,9 "o ( ! mo/ t\*+ trag$ies 9 ! ,engli% language1 a fa!r refuses to =give 8 daught] :o _h m>ri$ contr>y to 8 wi%es4 ,he leaves h] to />ve1 & refuses to =give h] or to see h]4 ,no "o approves ( ?is conduct 9 ! p>5t4 ,b e ,or?odox man1 :o believes 9 ev]la/+ puni%m5t1 attributes an inf9itely great] cruelty to ,god2 inf9itely great]1 because ! ob/9acy ( ! human p>5t endures only dur+ a %ort life1 b ! sev]ity ( ,god endures =ev]4 ,! =ce ( ?is objection is su*1 t ,dr4 ,adams has felt oblig$ to add to 8 tract on 8,ev]la/+ ,puni%m5t0 ano!r tract ^u ! text1 8,god is love10 endeavor+ to %[ a consi/5cy betwe5 ! two4 ,b he does ?is by sub/itut+ some?+ else 9 ! place ( ! la/4 ,x is curi\s en\gh1 t a ma/] 9 ,israel %\ld h writt5 a tract ^u ! 8love0 ( ,god1 & %\ld h sub/itut$ 8b5evol5ce0 in/ead ( x4 ,9 o!r words1 in/ead ( t fa!rly love to e individual :i* is ! ess5tial fact reveal$ 9 ! gospel1 he gives u a g5]al good-w t[>ds ! human race4 ,su* a g5]al b5evol5ce he f9ds n inconsi/5t ) ! doctr9e ( ev]la/+ puni%m5t2 =1 if love be only g5]al good-w1 !n1 ! greate/ good ( ! greate/ numb] be+ ! object1 !re is no?+ to compla9 ( if a few are sacrific$ = ! sake ( ! re/4 ,x is n1 to be sure1 easy to see h[ ^? :o h safely rea*$ glory1 & are 9 no dang] ( relapse1 c be b5efit$ by ! k t _! old neighbors & fri5ds are 9 hell2 b !re may be "s b5efit :i* is n app>5t4 ,by quietly sub/itut+1 !re=e1 ! idea ( b5evol5ce 9 ! place ( love1 ! difficulty may be evad$1 :i* o!rwise is unansw]able4 ,b :at an entire confusion ( ideas is ?is1 :i* sub/itutes a g5]al b5evol5ce = a p]sonal affection1 good-w t[>ds ! race = love to ! individual6 ,x is1 9 fact1 aboli%+ ! idea ( ,fa!r1 & sub/itut+ t ( ,rul]4 ,! k9d rul]1 actuat$ by b5evol5ce1 desires ! good ( all 8 subjects2 b he does n love !m z individuals4 ,b ! fa!r loves ! *ild ) a :olly diff]5t feel+4 ,! tie is p]sonal1 n g5]al4 ,x is "o ( mutual k & mutual dep5d5ce4 ,we _c love "o :om we d n "k2 b we c ex]cise b5evol5ce t[>ds him v easily4 ,b5evol5ce dep5ds :olly on ! "* ( ! b5evol5t p]son2 b love is drawn out by ! object lov$4 ,i d n love my *ild because ,i am b5evol5t1 b because x is my *ild4 ,! infant draws =? a ho/ ( feel+s1 be=e unkn[n1 9 ! "m's he>t4 ,%e does n love h] infant because %e is a b5evol5t woman1 b because ! infant excites h] love4 ,a man is b5evol5t t[>ds ! suff]]s 9 ,kansas1 :om he has nev] se52 b he does n love !m4 ,he loves 8 wife1 b is n b5evol5t t[>ds h]4 ,b5evol5ce & love1 !re=e1 are n only ess5tially diff]5t 9 _! nature1 orig91 & manife/ations1 b s diff]5t z (t5 to exclude ea* o!r4 ,n[1 x has always be5 se5 t ,god is b5evol5t4 ,?is is taught by natural religion4 ,we see x 9 all ! arrangem5ts ( div9e ,provid5ce4 ,! inf9itely v>i$ provisions = ! good ( 8 creatures1 ! myriad adaptations by :i* _! wants are met1 are ample evid5ce ( ?is4 ,b ,*ri/ianity comes to tea* u some?+ else1--to tea* u t ,god is our ,fa!r1 & s to see 9 him b5evol5ce swall[$ up 9 love4 ,god does n love 8 *ildr5 because he is b5evol5t1 b because !y are 8 *ildr54 ,he does n love !m = ! sake ( o!rs1 b = _! own sake4 ,8 love does n dep5d ^u _! be+ good1 pi\s1 or ,*ri/ian2 x dep5ds only ^u ! fact t !y are 8 *ildr54 ,?is is ! doctr9e ( ! prodigal son2 9 :i* wond]ful p>able x is m di/9ctly /at$ ?an 9 any o!r "p ( ! ,new ,te/am5t4 ,! doctr9e !re taught1 t !re is m joy 9 heav5 ov] "o s9n] :o rep5ts ?an ov] n9ety & n9e j p]sons :o ne$ no rep5tance1 is some:at diff]5t f t o!r doctr9e1 t ! r$eem$ 9 heav5 look d[n ) joy ^u ! suff]+s ( ! damn$ bel[4 ,?is p>able tea*es t ,god has a p]sonal1 fa!rly love t[>ds ! imp5it5t s9n] :o has gone away f him into a f> c\ntry4 ,! fa!r's joy :5 8 *ild return$ is ! evid5ce ( ! love :i* _h cont9u$ 9 8 he>t :ile 8 *ild 0 abs5t f him4 ,?is be+ ! "* ascrib$ by ,*ri/ to ! ,deity1 we ass]t t x is :olly inconsi/5t ) ! doctr9e ( ev]la/+ puni%m5t z taught 9 ! pamphlet be=e u4 ,!re are1 x is true1 _m widely diff]5t doctr9es to :i* ! t]m 8et]nal puni%m5t0 is appli$4 ,"s ( ^! may n be inconsi/5t ) ! love ( ,god4 ,let u give "s in/ances4 ,"s1 by et]nal puni%m5t1 int5d ! puni%m5ts ( et]nity1 z di/+ui%$ f ^? ( "t4 ,!y mean spiritual puni%m5t1 z di/+ui%$ f temporal puni%m5t4 ,!y mean ! suff]+s :i* h _! root 9 ! sight ( et]nal ?+s1 z di/+ui%$ f ^? :i* orig9ate 9 ! s5se ( e>?ly ?+s--suff]+s :i* come to u f )91 & n f )\t4 8,et]nal10 9 ?is s5se1 describes ! quality1 & n ! quantity1 ( ! suff]+2 & 9 ?is s5se et]nal puni%m5t is n inconsi/5t ) ! div9e love4 ,b ?is is n ! s5se :i* ,dr4 ,adams int5ds4 ,"s mean by endless puni%m5t1 t1 z long z m5 cont9ue to s91 !y w cont9ue to suff]2 t s9 is et]nally suff]+4 ,b ?is is n ! s5se :i* ,dr4 ,adams int5ds4 ,& "s say t !y believe 9 et]nal puni%m5t2 mean+ !reby1 t ! consequ5ces ( s9 are ev]la/+1--ei!r positively1 by leav+ =ev] "s remorseful sorr[ 9 ! m9d1 or negatively1 by leav+ m5 =ev] l[] d[n 9 ! scale ( excell5ce & happ9ess ?an !y w\ld o!rwise be4 ,b ?is is n :at ,dr4 ,adams means by x4 ,& "s m5 believe 9 et]nal puni%m5t 9 ! s5se ( a d>k backgr\nd to ! univ]se1 :i* w always cont9ue1 a %ad[ z p]man5t z light1--necess>y = ! full p]fection & beauty ( an inf9ite div9e creation4 ,into ?is %ad[ man may =ev] plunge2 out ( x he may =ev] em]ge3 & x w always cont9ue s to be4 ,b ?is is n ! view tak5 by ,dr4 ,adams4 ,! view :i* ,dr4 ,adams takes is ( endless puni%m5t inflict$ z a consequ5ce ( temporal s9 committ$ 9 ?is life4 ,!re w be no opportunity to rep5t h]eaft]1 no p>don (f]$4 ,!re is no?+ done by ,god1 aft] ?is life1 to save m54 ,! hea!n :o h nev] he>d ( ,*ri/1 unconv]t$ infants1 ^? :o h be5 br\ght up 9 ! mid/ ( evil1 & h]etics :o d n accept ! !ory ( ,calv9 conc]n+ ,*ri/ianity1 are to be torm5t$ =ev] 9 ! o!r _w4 ,?is view he ?9ks n only scriptural1 b reasonable4 ,x corresponds ne>ly to ! human p5alty ( imprisonm5t = life2 except t1 in/ead ( a few ye>s ( e>?ly life1 x is a nev]-end+ exi/5ce2 &1 in/ead ( simple imprisonm5t1 x is imprisonm5t ) torture add$4 ,we are accu/om$ to compla9 ( ! 8horrors ( ! ,inquisition20 b :]e9 d !y diff] 9 pr9ciple f ! doctr9e ( ,dr4 ,adams8 ,! inquisitors tortur$ m5 = h]esy2 ,dr4 ,adams ?9ks t ,god w d ! same4 ,! p[] ( ! ,inquisition1 h[ev]1 0 limit$1 on ! pr9ciple1 ,dolor1 si dura1 brevis2 si longa1 levis4 ,b n s ) ev]la/+ puni%m5t4 ,t ?is view is absolutely inconsi/5t ) ! fa!rly love ( ,god to e s\l1 is app>5t4 ,x w\ld be impossible = a fa!r to torm5t 8 *ild =ev] 9 consequ5ce ( temporal s94 ,no e>?ly p>5t c\ld be f\nd cruel en\gh to inflict a million ye>s ( torture ^u 8 *ild = ea* s9 committ$ by him2 b a million ye>s = e s9ful action w\ld be b a trifl+ p5alty comp>$ ) ev]la/+ puni%m5t4 ,z x is absolutely impossible to def5d ?is doctr9e on ! gr\nd ( ! fa!rly love ( ,god1 x is def5d$ by ,dr4 ,adams & 8 companions on o!r gr\nds1 namely1 ( ! div9e b5evol5ce1 & ! duty ( ,god z a gov]nor4 ,! argum5t is ?is3 ,if ,god 0 de?ron$1 all sorts ( evil w\ld ensue4 ,b s9 is always endeavor+ to de?rone ,god2 !re=e x is 8 duty to use ! mo/ /r5u\s measures to prev5t ?is result4 ,^! /r5u\s measures consi/ 9 ! highe/ rew>ds (f]$ to ob$i5ce1 & ! sev]e/ puni%m5ts ?reat5$ to disob$i5ce4 ,b no puni%m5t is s sev]e z ev]la/+ puni%m5t2 !re=e ! b5evol5ce ( ,god requires him to ?reat5 x2 &1 if ?reat5$1 8 tru? requires him to inflict x4 ,?is is ! sort ( argum5t by :i* ! doctr9e is def5d$4 ,its fallacies are manife/4 ,x is bas$ on a sort ( ,mani*eism1 mak+ evil a ho/ile p[] 9 ! univ]se1 :i* ?reat5s ! supremacy ( ,god4 ,x makes ,god 9 dang] ( outw>d ov]?r[ 9 consequ5ce ( ! ext]nal assaults ( s94 ,b we h always suppos$ t ! ess5ce ( s9 0 ! /ate ( ! he>t1 & ! evil ( s9 to consi/ 9 ! e/rangem5t ( ! he>t f ,god1 & n 9 any dang] t ,omnipot5ce w\ld be de?ron$ by x4 ,besides1 ?\gh ! fe> ( future puni%m5t may re/ra9 ! outw>d act1 x _c *ange ! he>t1 & _c1 !re=e1 remove ! real evil ( s94 ,"h is ! fallacy ( ?is :ole argum5t4 ,ano!r weak po9t 9 ! argum5t = ev]la/+ puni%m5t reg>ds its pro(1 t all opportunity = rep5tance is conf9$ to ?is life4 ,only two or ?ree texts are quot$ 9 pro( ( ?is v important position4 ,"o is tak5 f ! book ( ,ecclesia/es1 & decl>es1 t1 89 ! place :]e ! tree falle?1 !re x %all be20 ( :i* !re is no evid5ce t x has any relation to ! subject2 or1 if x has1 t x c>ries ! lea/ au?ority ) x4 ,ano!r passage ass]ts t 8!re is no "w1 nor device1 nor k1 nor wisdom1 9 ! grave :i!r ?\ goe/40 ,b ?is w\ld prove too mu*2 = x w\ld prove t !re 0 no k 9 ! o!r life4 ,ano!r passage1 quot$ by ,dr4 ,adams f ! book ( ,revelation1 says1 8,let him t is unju/ be unju/ /ill20 f :i* x is inf]r$ t m5 h no opportunity h]eaft] = rep5tance4 ,b1 z ?is is said to ^? :o are 9 ?is _w wait+ = ! com+ ( ,*ri/1 x also proves too mu*1 if tak5 lit]ally2 s9ce x w\ld decl>e t m5 _c rep5t ev5 9 ?is _w4 ,su* is ! extremely slight f\ndation on :i* ?is ess5tial "p ( ! doctr9e is made to re/4 ,nev] 0 !re s weak a support = s important a position4 ,! argum5ts f reason1 by :i* our writ] supports ?is "p ( 8 doctr9e1 are all tak5 f ! plane ( ! l[e/ naturalism4 ,he ?9ks x reasonable t ! ,almighty %\ld susp5d ! ev]la/+ de/9y ( 8 creatures ^u :at !y d or omit do+ 9 ?is life1 because m51 9 e>?ly transactions1 adopt a simil> pr9ciple4 ,a railroad tra9 is adv]tis$ to />t at a c]ta9 h\r4 ,if we are !re a m9ute too late1 we lose our opportunity ( go+ on an important j\rney4 ,we ?9k ?is reasonable2 :y1 !n1 argues ,dr4 ,adams1 %\ld we ?9k x unreasonable = ,god to make u lose our *ance ?r\gh\t et]nity if we d n take ! opportunity dur+ life8 ,god has giv5 u full notice1 he says1 ( 8 int5tion2 we h be5 duly notifi$2 &1 aft] due notice1 x is ?\ght reasonable1 9 e>?ly bus9ess transactions1 = p to run _! *ance4 ,a man may commit a crime 9 a m9ute1 = :i* he is s5t5c$ to imprisonm5t = life or to capital puni%m5t4 ,we ?9k ?is reasonable2 :y %\ld we ?9k x unreasonable t ,god %\ld s5d m5 to an ev]la/+ hell 9 consequ5ce ( s9 committ$ 9 a %ort lifetime8 ,all ^! argum5ts are fallaci\s1 because !y apply to ! inf9ite1 conditions belong+ :olly to ! f9ite2 because !y transf] to ,him1 ^: ways are n z our ways1 & ^: ?\ghts are n z our ?\ghts1 ! poor necessities ( human ignorance & weakness4 ,to ^? :o reason ?us1 ! ,almighty may say1 8,?\ ?\ghte/ me altoge!r su* a "o z ?\ ?yself40 ,x is because man is weak & ignorant t he is oblig$ to live "u ^! limitations4 ,if we 7 able to d diff]5tly1 we %\ld n make su* sev]e consequ5ces fl[ f human ignorance & weakness4 ,we d su* ?+s1 n because we ?9k !m absolutely j & good1 b because we _c help x4 ,to argue t1 because x is reasonable = human weakness to d some?+ :i* x _c help1 x is reasonable = div9e ,omnipot5ce to d an inf9itely m injuri\s ?+ ( ! same k9d1 is to fly 9 ! face ( all logic & reason4 ,m5 make a rule1 t1 if ,i am n at ! /ation :5 ! tra9 />ts1 ,i %all lose my trip = t day4 ,yes2 b suppose ! rule %\ld be1 t1 if ,i arriv$ a mom5t too late1 ,i %\ld be crucifi$4 ,suppose a fa!r %\ld give full notice to 8 *ildr51 t1 :5ev] any ( !m mispron\nc$ a ^w1 he %\ld be burn$ alive4 ,b x is easi]1 accord+ to ,dr4 ,adams's !ory1 = a *ild nev] to make a mi/ake1 ?an n to commit ! s9s = :i* x is to be puni%$ ) ev]la/+ torm5t4 8,:at man among y is !re1 be+ a fa!r10 :o w\ld cause 8 *ildr5 to come into ! _w expos$ to su* fe>ful risks2 :o w\ld all[ !m to be born ) con/itutions t5d+ inevitably to s91 ! inevitable consequ5ce ( :i*1 aft] a few %ort ye>s ( life1 is nev]-end+ torm5t1 ! only possible escape f :i* is salvation ?r\gh a ,be+ ( :om ! majority nev] he>d1 accord+ to a sy/em :i* ! majority _c believe1 & by a process1 :i*1 except by a special help1 none ( !m are able to accompli%8 ,we %\ld say1 t we w\ld n h *ildr5 "u ^! conditions4 ,x 7 bett] t su* *ildr5 _h nev] be5 born4 ,if we !n1 be+ evil1 w\ld n subject our *ildr5 to su* risk1 h[ mu* less w\ld our ,fa!r 9 heav5 d any?+ ( ! k9d6 ,! reply to su* argum5ts1 by ^? :om ,?omas ,burnet calls ! 8unm]ciful doctors0 & 8f]oci\s !ologians10 is always ! same4 ,because f9ite evil exi/s1 & is n inconsi/5t ) ! div9e plan1 !re=e inf9ite evil may also exi/1 & n be inconsi/5t ) ! div9e plan4 ,because "o may suff] = a "t 9 ?is _w1 !re=e he may be compell$ to suff] =ev] 9 ! o!r _w4 ,x is assum$ t !re is no ess5tial di/9ction betwe5 "t & et]nity1 betwe5 f9ite & inf9ite evil4 ,"h is ! imm5se fallacy ( ! argum5t4 ,! diff]5ce is simply ?is3 ,all f9ite suff]+1 h[ev] great1 is z no?+ :5 comp>$ ) ev]la/+ happ9ess aft]w>ds2 b all f9ite happ9ess1 h[ev] great1 is z no?+ :5 comp>$ ) ev]la/+ suff]+ aft]w>ds4 ,if we d5y1 !re=e1 ! doctr9e ( ev]la/+ suff]+1 evil virtually disappe>s f ! univ]se2 if we accept x1 good virtually disappe>s1 z f> z ! suff]]s are conc]n$4 ,if all evil is f9ite1 ! goodness ( ,god c be fully ju/ifi$2 b1 if to any "o x is inf9ite1 no su* !odicy is possible4 ,?is is ! fatal objection to ! doctr9e ( ev]la/+ puni%m5t4 ,x cl\ds ! face ( ! heav5ly ,fa!r ) imp5etrable gloom4 ,x takes away ! be/ consolations ( ! gospel4 ,:5 ,jesus tells u to =give our enemies1 t we may be l our heav5ly ,fa!r1 :o s5ds 8 bless+s ^u ! evil & ! good1 ?is doctr9e adds1 t ,god's "* is ?us =giv+ only 9 ?is _w2 b t1 9 ! o!r _w1 he w torm5t 8 enemies =ev] 9 hopeless suff]+4 ,:5 we seek consolation amid ! griefs & sep>ations ( ?is _w by look+ to a bett] _w1 :]e all te>s w be wip$ away1 we h pres5t$ to u in/ead ?is awful vision ( unmitigat$ horror4 ,in/ead ( f9ite evil be+ swall[$ up into inf9ite good1 x d>k5s d[n into inf9ite woe4 ,dr4 ,adams quotes ,?omas ,burnet1 ,ma/] ( ! ,*>t]-h\se1 z a /rik+ in/ance ( "o1 :o1 ?\gh he d5i$ or d\bt$ ?is doctr9e1 admitt$1 nev]!less1 t ! ,scriptures 7 probably aga9/ him4 ,he quotes him correctly z say+1 8,human nature %r9ks f ! v "n ( et]nal puni%m5t2 yet ! ,scriptures seem to hold ! o!r side40 ,?\gh ,dr4 ,adams gives ! ,lat91 & ref]s to ! page ( ! book1 let u hope1 = 8 own sake1 t he quotes x at second-h&2 :i*1 z he twice misspells ! "n1 is n unlikely2 = ,dr4 ,burnet1 s f> f admitt+ t ! ,scriptures are 8probably aga9/ him10 concludes1 aft] an exam9ation ( ! lead+ passages1 t !y prove no?+ c]ta9ly z to ! et]nal duration ( future puni%m5t4 ,he quotes ! passage 9 :i* ! ,jewi% s]vant is said to become a slave =ev]1--mean+ till ! ye> ( jubilee2 9 :i* circumcision is call$ an ev]la/+ cov5ant1--mean+ t x %all be aboli%$ by ! same div9e au?ority2 9 :i* ! l& ( ,canaan 0 giv5 = an ev]la/+ possession to ,abraham & 8 se$1 f :i* !y h long s9ce be5 expell$2 c4 ,dr4 ,burnet does1 inde$1 say t ! ,scriptures seem to favor ! doctr9e he opposes2 b he !n goes on to %[ t su* is n ! case4 ,he also 8awak5s antiquity10 & calls to 8 aid ! m]ciful doctors ( ! e>ly *ur* 7,ju/9 ,m>tyr1 ,j]ome1 ! ,gregories1 c47 to support 8 hope 9 a m]ely limit$ future suff]+4 ,we w n[ consid] ! mean+ ( "s ( ! texts usually adduc$ 9 support ( ?is doctr9e4 ,( ^! texts1 !re are "s six or sev5 only ^u :i* mu* /ress is laid2 & ( ^! ! pr9cipal ones are z foll[s3-- #a4 ,matt4 #ah3h1 8,hav+ two eyes1 two h&s10 c41 8to be ca/ into hell fire10 or 8into ev]la/+ fire0 7 7--7 74 #b4 ,matt4 #be3df1 8,^! %all g away into ev]la/+ 7et]nal7 puni%m5t1 b ! righte\s into life et]nal 07 & 74 ,! same adjective is us$ 9 bo? places "h1 9 ! ,greek2 b our translators h se5 fit to r5d] x 8ev]la/+0 9 ! fir/ place1 & 8et]nal0 9 ! second4 ,!re is no au?ority = su* a diff]5t translation4 ,! ^w 1 translat$ 8puni%m5t10 occurs 9 "o o!r place 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t3 ?is is 7#a ,john #d3ah71 8,p]fect love ca/e? out fe>1 because fe> ha? torm5t40 ,9 ?is la/ in/ance1 x is evid5t t ! idea ( puni%m5t is n f\nd1 b only t ( suff]+4 ,9 ! ,,lxx4 7,ezek4 #ad3c1 #d1 #g7 x is translat$ 8/umbl+-block10 & means1 says ,s*leusn] 7,lexicon 9 ,,lxx471 8all t is ! s\rce ( mis=tune or suff]+40 ,donnegan gives z its mean+1 8! act ( clipp+ or prun+2 g5]ally1 re/riction1 re/ra9t1 repro(1 *eck1 *a/isem5t2 lit4 & met41 puni%m5t40 ,! true translation ( ! passage1 !n1 is1-- 8,^! %all g away into ! suff]+s or puni%m5ts ( et]nity2 & ! righte\s1 into ! life ( et]nity40 ,! simple1 direct1 & natural mean+1 !re=e1 ( ?is passage is1 t1 besides temporal joy & suff]+1 !re are et]nal joy & suff]+3 besides ! joys & suff]+s :i* h _! root 9 "t & 9 temporal ?+s1 !re are joys & suff]+s :i* h _! root 9 et]nity & 9 et]nal ?+s4 ,9 ! tw5ty-fif? *apt] ( ,mat!w1 ! suff]+s ( et]nity are describ$ z foll[+ directly ^u judgm5t1 & z be+ its natural consequ5ce4 ,! judgm5t on ea* s\l consi/s1 accord+ to ?is passage1 9 %[+ x its real "*4 ,bo? ! good & ! bad are repres5t$ z ne$+ su* a judgm5t z ?is4 ,until ! judgm5t takes place1 m5 are describ$ z be+ ignorant ( ! true nature ( _! own pa/ conduct4 ,!y d n "k _! own good or _! own evil3 !y d n und]/& !mselves z !y really are4 ,!y h done good & bad actions1 b h n und]/ood ! value ( ^? actions4 ,!y h n se51 t 9 e de$ ( *>ity1 9 e act ( humble b5evol5ce1 !y 7 help+ ,*ri/ & 8 cause4 ,!y h n und]/ood1 t1 by e selfi% & cruel de$1 !y 7 injur+ _! ,ma/]4 ,b ! judgm5t reveals all ?is to !m1 & lifts !m imm$iately out ( temporal joy or pa9 into et]nal joy or pa94 ,!y rise out ( temporal ?+s into et]nal ?+s1 & ! new insight is to !m a s\rce ( spiritual joy or spiritual suff]+4 ,9 "s in/ances1 if 7 translat$ 8ev]la/+0 or 8nev]-end+10 x w\ld make su* palpable nons5se1 t our translators h be5 oblig$ to give x an entirely diff]5t r5d]+4 ,?us 7#b ,tim4 #a3i2 ,tit4 #a3b7 we h ! phrase 2 :i* w\ld be1 lit]ally1 8be=e et]nity10 or 8be=e ev]la/+ "t began10 accord+ to ! common r5d]+4 ,!y h1 !re=e1 translat$ x 8be=e ! _w began40 ,9 ! same way 7,matt4 #bd3c2 #a ,cor4 #aj3aa71 !y are oblig$ to *ange _! usual r5d]+1 or !y w\ld h to say1 8,s %all x be at ! end ( =ev]20 or1 8,! ends ( et]nity h arriv$40 ,m>k #i3dc-ej1 x is said t ! 8worm does n die0 9 ,geh5na1 & 8! fire is n qu5*$40 ,?is1 !re=e1 is ?\ght to tea* ! doctr9e ( nev]-end+ puni%m5t h]eaft]2 b ?is 0 a prov]bial expression1 tak5 f ! book ( ,isaiah4 ,*ap4 #ff3bd1 ! prophet says1 t1 9 ! times ( ! ,messiah1 all m5 %all come1 & wor%ip 9 ! pres5ce ( ,jehovah2 & %all !n g out1 & look ^u ! dead bodies ( ! m5 :o _h transgress$ aga9/ ! ,"l2 8= _! worm %all n die1 nei!r %all _! fire be qu5*$2 & !y %all be an abhorr+ unto all fle%40 ,our ,savi\r1 !re=e1 is n mak+ an orig9al doctr9al /atem5t1 b he is quot+ f ,isaiah4 ,n[1 ! passage 9 ,isaiah ref]s1 n to puni%m5t ( ! s\l h]eaft]1 b to ! de/ruction ( ! bodies ( transgressors 9 ! valley ( ,h9nom4 ,! fire & ! worms 9 t valley 7 n ev]la/+ 9 any /rict s5se4 ,:5 ,isaiah says1 8,_! worm %all n die1 nor _! fire be qu5*$10 he expresses m]ely ! utt] de/ruction :i* w\ld fall ^u !m4 ,! fire & ! worms ( ! valley ( ,h9nom h long s9ce disappe>$2 b1 :ile ! fire la/$1 x 0 ! emblem1 to ! ,jews1 ( ! de/ruction :i* 0 to fall ^u ^? :o resi/$ ! w ( ,jehovah4 ,b x is n to be suppos$ t ! idea ( et]nity1 :i* is n 9 ! orig9al image1 %\ld be add$ 9 ! figure4 ,! fire & ! worms 7 to la/ 9 ! valley ( ,h9nom z long z !re 7 idolat]s to be puni%$ = _! idolatry2 & s ! spiritual suff]+ consequ5t ^u s9 la/s z long z s9 la/s4 ,s9 is p]petual mis]y2 consci5ce is a worm :i* nev] dies2 bad passions are a fire :i* is nev] ext+ui%$4 ,?is is ! simple & natural mean+ ( ?is passage4 #c4 ,matt4 #bf3bd4 ,9 ?is passage1 z x /&s 9 our translation1 ,jesus says conc]n+ ,judas1 8,woe to t man by :om ! ,son ( man is betray$6 ,x 7 good = t man if he _h nev] be5 born40 7,m>k #ad3ba47 ,! argum5t is1 t1 if x 7 good = ,judas n to h be5 born1 x mu/ be impossible t he %\ld ev] rep5t & be sav$2 because1 if he %\ld ev] be sav$1 & 8 puni%m5t %\ld cease 7?\gh at ev] s remote a p]iod71 x w\ld be bett] = him to h be5 born ?an n to h be5 born2 s9ce !re w\ld rema9 an et]nity ( happ9ess to be enjoy$ aft]w>ds4 ,& if ?is be true ( ,judas1 x may be also true ( o!rs4 ,b1 9 reply to ?is argum5t1 we say1-- #a4 ,! translation is d\btful4 ,! lit]al translation is1 8,woe to t man by :om ! ,son ( man is betray$6 ,x _h be5 good = him if t man _h nev] be5 born40 ,?is is ! lit]al r5d]+ ( ! ,greek2 & ! app>5t mean+ seems to be1 8t x _h be5 good = ! ,son ( man if ,judas _h n be5 born40 ,jesus seems to say t x is a great woe to him1 a great sorr[1 to be betray$ by "o ( 8 own fri5ds1 by a memb] ( 8 own h\sehold4 ,x w\ld h be5 good = ,jesus1 if ?is traitor1 :o 0 to w\nd 8 he>t s deeply1 _h nev] exi/$4 #b4 ,b1 reta9+ our pres5t translation1 ! natural application ( x is to ?is life4 ,x means simply ?is3 ,! e>?ly life ( ?is man is an entire failure4 ,8 life is :olly ?r[n away4 ,he _h bett] nev] h be5 9 ! _w1 ?an to /&1 z he w to all "t1 a monum5t ( ! base/ trea*]y4 ,! idea ( ! future life does n come x at all "h4 ,on ! :ole1 "o mu/ feel1 9 read+ ^! books & tracts1 t su* writ]s are m to be piti$ ?an to be blam$4 ,conf9$ 9 ! /rait-jacket ( an au/]e !ology2 /eep$ to ! lips 9 ,calv9ism2 work+ pa9fully all 8 life 9 sect>ian h>ness2 ) an angry heav5 ov] 8 head1 & a ru9$ e>? ab\t 8 feet2 8 fri5ds & neighbors dropp+ into hell by ?\s&s e ye>2 nev] hav+ _h any real sight ( ! bless$ face ( ,jesus2 hav+ = !m no hope full ( immortality1 b1 in/ead !re(1 a t5or full ( damnation1--ev5 a k9dly nature & an affectionate he>t mu/ suff]1 be dw>f$ & crippl$4 ,x is n an agreeable task to refute su* errors2 b believ+ !m equally de/ructive1 9 _! t5d5cy1 to piety & morality1--corrupt+ ! ,*ri/ian life at its c5tre1 & weak5+ its *ief s\rce ( p[]1--we feel x a duty n to be avoid$4 ,advanc+ age does n make u cons]vative 9 reg>d to su* doctr9es4 ,! long] we live1 ! m we see ( _! evil t5d5cy4 ,:5 "y1 we %rank f attack+ !m1 fe>+ le/ !y might conta9 "s tru? beyond ! range ( our limit$ exp]i5ce4 ,b1 hav+ come to see :]e9 ! ess5ce ( ,*ri/ian tru? lies 9 all v>ieties ( pi\s exp]i5ce1 we "k t ?is doctr9e is an excresc5ce1 weak5+ always ! vital p[] ( ! gospel4 ,x re/s on cu/om1 on c[>dice1 on ! fe> ( *ange1 n on any positive insight or sub/antial k4 ,b1 z ,t]tullian decl>$ ( ano!r doctr9e def5d$ by prec$5t1 8,*ri/ did n say1 #8,i am ! ,cu/om1' b1 #8,i am ! ,tru?4' 0 ,! "t w come 9 :i* ! ,*ri/ian ,*ur* w look back ^u its pa/ belief 9 ?is doctr9e z x looks back n[ on its =m] univ]sal belief 9 ! duty ( p]secution1 ! primacy ( ! pope1 or ! atonem5t made by ,*ri/ to ,satan4 ,x w reg>d x ) ! horror ) :i* x n[ reg>ds its =m] univ]sal conviction1 t ,god 0 pleas$ :5 8 *ildr5 burn$ ea* o!r alive = diff]5ce ( op9ion4 ,we n[ %udd] :5 we he> ( 8,,an ,,act ,,( ,,fai?10 consi/+ 9 burn+ at ! /ake t5 or tw5ty ,jews & ,prote/ants4 ,our *ildr5 w %udd] ) a /ill m inw>d grief t we c\ld make x an act ( fai? to believe t ,,god burns millions ( 8 own *ildr5 9 unqu5*able fire =ev] because !y d5y ,calv9's view ( ! atonem5t1 or ! ,*ur* def9ition ( ! ,tr9ity1 or because ( any possible am\nt ( s9 committ$ 9 ?is _w4 ------------------------------------- ,we n[ proce$ to add "s rem>ks ^u a rec5t "w by ,dr4 ,?ompson ( ,new ,york1 a zeal\s & favorite disciple ( ! late ,dr4 ,taylor ( ,new ,hav54 ,?is book1 ! title ( :i* is1 8,love & ,p5alty10 consi/s ( n9e lectures deliv]$ 9 ! ,broadway ,tab]nacle4 ,) ! cont5ts ( "s ( ! *apt]s we h no?+ to d4 ,all ! argum5ts = retribution1 d]iv$ f ! nature ( ,god1 ! nature ( man1 ! c\rse ( ,provid5ce1 ! dem]it ( s91 h = _! object to prove :at all ,*ri/ians fully believe4 ,unit>ians & ,univ]sali/s1 ,!odore ,p>k] & ,r4 ,w4 ,em]son1 tea* retribution1 pres5t & future1 ) a =ce :i* leaves little ne$ ( additional argum5ts f ,or?odoxy4 ,!y tea* a p]fect & inevitable retribution1 proce$+ bo? f ! tru? & goodness ( ,god1 by means ( :i* e man reaps z he s[s4 ,or?odoxy1 !y compla91 tea*es no su* full & p]fect retribution4 ,all t "p ( ?is volume1 !re=e1 :i* is int5d$ to %[ ! probability ( retribution1 is wa/$1 s f> z any oppos]s are conc]n$4 ,9 ?is "p ( 8 book1 ,dr4 ,?ompson fights z "o :o beats ! air4 ,he is v zeal\s to disprove t :i* no "o ass]ts1 to prove t :i* no "o d5ies1 & to %[ ! folly ( a position :i* no "o assumes4 ,! confusion ref]r$ to runs ?r\gh ! :ole book2 & p]haps !re is no bett] illu/ration ?an ?is volume pres5ts ( t logical fallacy :i* is call$ 8! irrelevant conclusion40 ,?is fallacy consi/s 9 prov+ "o ?+1 & mak+ m5 ?9k y h prov$ ano!r4 ,dr4 ,?ompson's he>]s saw t he prov$ future retribution1 & ?\ght t he prov$ et]nal puni%m5t4 ,we d n suppose t he int5d$ to sophi/icate !m3 ! difficulty seems r to be1 t he has sophi/icat$ himself4 ,! ignoratio el5*i is 9 8 own m9d4 ,he ?9ks1 because he sees p5alty1 t he has se5 v5geance2 t1 because he has e/abli%$ retribution1 he has demon/rat$ ev]la/+ puni%m5t4 ,a reason] has1 no d\bt1 a p]fect "r to try to prove two di/9ct & indep5d5t propositions2 b he mu/ keep !m di/9ct & indep5d5t1 & n pret5d to be prov+ "o :5 he is prov+ ! o!r4 ,he has also a p]fect "r1 if he desires to e/abli% "o proposition1 to prove ano!r1 z ! fir/ /ep t[>ds x2 b he has no "r to assume or imply t he has made out "o ( 8 po9ts1 :5 he has only %[n ! probability ( ! o!r4 ,n[1 our au?or 7p4 #ai7 decl>es t he has "o object2 viz41 to %[ ! tru? ( ! doctr9e ( ev]la/+ puni%m5t4 ,he says1 8,x w be ! aim ( ?is s]ies ( lectures to %[ t ! doctr9e ( ! et]nal puni%m5t ( ! wick$ is 9 entire h>mony ) ! pat]nal "* ( ,god40 ,he !n proce$s to give ! sub/ance ( 8 argum5t1 "u eight heads4 ,six ( ^! only prove future retribution1 & only two ( !m h any direct be>+ ^u ! ma9 "q4 ,yet1 ?r\gh all ( !m1 !re runs a quiet assumption1 t !y are be>+ directly on ! ma9 "q4 ,?is is ! radical sophism ( ! :ole volume4 ,we may see ?is m pla9ly by analyz+ "s ( 8 *apt]s4 ,8 fir/ position is ?is1 9 ,lecture ,i43 8,our own nature1 :i* is appeal$ to z refus+ to recognize ! attribute ( punitive ju/ice 9 a ,god ( love1 9 fact dem&s ?is attribute1 z ess5tial to ! moral p]fection ( ! ,deity--an attribute )\t :i* he c\ld n comm& ! confid5ce & homage ( 8 intellig5t creatures40 ,be=e attempt+ to demon/rate any !orem1 x is important to def9e its t]ms4 ,an accurate def9ition at fir/ ( :at we wi% to prove w\ld (t5 make a long discussion unnecess>y4 ,:at is meant by ! 8attribute ( punitive ju/ice08 ,does x mean t ,god's nature is su* t he causes happ9ess to fl[ f goodness1 & suff]+ f wick$ness1 9 ! con/itution ( ! univ]se8 ,if ?is is meant1 ,dr4 ,?ompson w f9d no "o to oppose him2 = all ?is c take place 9 p]fect accordance ) div9e love to ! s9n] himself4 ,:at he ne$s is suff]+3 ?is is ! way by :i* he is to be cur$ ( t s9 :i* is a great] evil ?an suff]+4 ,or does ! au?or mean1 by 8punitive ju/ice10 "s attribute ( ! div9e nature :i* f9ds pleasure 9 puni%+ ! s9n]1 )\t reg>d to any good :i* is to come f x1 ei!r to him or to any "o else8 ,app>5tly1 ?is la/ is :at he means2 = he goes on to quote f ,pagan au?orities & ,pagan religions1 to %[ t consci5ce 9 man requires t ! wick$ %\ld be puni%$1 )\t any reg>d to any good to result f x4 ,b ^! au?orities only %[1 t1 9 ! "o-sid$ action ( man's nature1 ! s5se ( ju/ice acts indep5d5tly ( love4 ,:at ,dr4 ,?ompson has und]tak5 to %[ is1 t x c act 9 ,god 9 h>mony ) love4 ,9 man1 consci5ce produces hatr$ ( s91 )\t reg>d to ! good ( ! s9n]2 b ! div9e consci5ce acts 9 no su* "o-sid$ way4 8,m]cy & tru? meet toge!r2 righte\sness & peace kiss ea* o!r40 ,! law is v9dicat$ & ! s9n] b5efit$ at ! same mom5t4 ,! atonem5t ( ,*ri/1 objectively consid]$1 consi/$ exactly 9 ?is1 t he %[$ a p]fect reconciliation1 9 8 own life1 ( ,god's hatr$ to s91 & love to ! s9n]4 ,no "o 0 ev] s av]se f s91 no "o 0 ev] s 9 sympa?y ) ! s9n]1 z ,jesus4 ,! p[] ( 8 life1 dea?1 & high] life1 lay 9 ?is union ( hol9ess & love4 ,?is 0 ! objective atonem5t 9 ,*ri/1 & 9 ?is he 0 ,god manife/ 9 ! fle%4 ,he :o has se5 him has se5 ! ,fa!r4 ,! ,*ri/ianiz$ consci5ce1 foll[+ ,*ri/1 pities ! s9n]1 :ile x abhors ! s94 ,*ri/ian legislation lays aside ! v9dictive t5d5cies ( natural law1 & seeks at ! same "t to de/roy evil1 to protect society1 & to re=m ! crim9al4 ,f ?is gospel view our au?or rem&s u to ,paganism1 & to ! dicta ( ! natural consci5ce 9 unreg5]ate man4 ,^! te/imonies only %[1 t consci5ce1 9 its unreg5]ate /ate1 dem&s t ! s9n] be puni%$1 & does n c>e :e!r t puni%m5t does him good or h>m1 makes him bett] or worse4 ,b consci5ce1 :5 ,*ri/ianiz$1 does c>e3 x wi%es to save ! s9n]1 :ile x puni%es ! s94 ,z f> z ! natural consci5ce goes1 x speaks truly 9 say+ t evil %\ld foll[ s94 ,b :y x %\ld foll[ x1 & :at %all be ! result1 x does n say4 ,t 0 left to ,*ri/ to reveal4 ,dr4 ,?ompson himself be>s witness1 unconsci\sly1 to ! tru? ( ?is di/9ction4 ,along ) 8 te/imonies f ! ,hea!n consci5ce1 he gives u two te/imonies f ! ,*ri/ian consci5ce4 ,! "o is 8 own feel+s on see+ a woman c>ri$ to ! ,tombs4 ,he says he felt sympa?y = h]1 & w\ld fa9 h sav$ h] f t %ame1 :ile he wi%$ h] crime to be puni%$4 ,! o!r is ! te/imony ( ,dr4 ,bu%nell1 t ! 8necess>y reason0 :y wick$ p1 rema9+ wick$1 %\ld n be 9 heav51 is1 t x w\ld de/roy ! happ9ess ( heav54 ,^! two ,*ri/ians1 !re=e1 h consci5ces :i* d n te/ify to puni%m5t proce$+ f nak$1 arbitr>y1 & v9dictive law1 su* z ! ,pagan consci5ce accepts1 b puni%m5t hav+ a reasonable end1 a b5evol5t purpose1 & accompani$ ) sympa?y = ! s9n]4 ,ano!r position ( ,dr4 ,?ompson is1 h[ev]1 s extraord9>y1 t x ne$s m consid]ation4 ,8 fif? proposition is ?is3 8,! high & sacr$ ,fa!rhood :i* ! gospel reveals is a ,fa!rhood 9 ,*ri/ t[>ds ^? :o love him1 & n a g5]al ,fa!rhood ( indiscrim9ate love & bless+ = ! race40 ,a c]ta9 want ( logical cle>ness 9 our au?or's m9d appe>s 9 ! v /atem5t ( ?is proposition4 ,he jo9s toge!r a positive & a negative1 :i* h no anti!tical relation4 ,we entirely agree ) him1 t ! ,fa!rhood ( ,god is n "o ( indiscrim9ate love & bless+ = ! race2 b we utt]ly reject ! proposition1 t ! ,fa!rhood :i* ,*ri/ reveals is only "o t[>ds ^? :o love him4 ,! apo/le ,john tells u t 8we love him because he fir/ lov$ u40 ,& aga93 8,h]e9 is love2 n t we lov$ ,god1 b t he lov$ u1 & s5t 8 ,son to be ! propitiation = our s9s40 ,! doctr9e ( ! apo/le is exactly opposite to t ( ,dr4 ,?ompson4 ,! mod]n div9e tea*es t ,god only loves ^? :o fir/ love him2 b ! anci5t div9e tea*es t only by ,god's lov+ u fir/ d we come to love him4 ,nor is ?is doctr9e peculi> to ,john4 ,x is a fundam5tal tru? ( ! ,new ,te/am5t1 t ,god's fa!rly love1 manife/$ to ! s\l1 creates an answ]+ love1 & t no?+ else c create x4 ,jesus said ( ! woman1 8,%e lov$ mu*2 b to :om little is =giv51 ! same love? little40 ,god's =giv+ love comes fir/1 & creates a grateful love 9 return4 ,& aga9 we read 7,john #c3af71 8,god s lov$ ! _w1 t he gave 8 only-begott5 ,son40 ,he !re=e lov$ ! _w :ile x 0 /ill ali5at$ f him4 ,& aga9 we are told by ! ,savi\r 7,matt4 #e3dd7 to 8love our enemies1 t we may be ! *ildr5 ( our ,fa!r 9 heav510 :o loves 8 enemies4 ,possibly our fri5d may say1 8,yes1 ,god loves ! s9n]2 b he does n love him ) a fa!rly love1 b only ) a g5]al love40 ,p]haps a copy ( ! ,new ,te/am5t may be us$ 9 ! ,tab]nacle ,*ur*1 ,new ,york1 :i* does n conta9 ! ,p>able ( ! ,prodigal ,son4 ,only on "s su* supposition c we acc\nt = ?is ass]tion ( ,dr4 ,?ompson1 t 8! high & sacr$ ,fa!rhood :i* ! gospel reveals is a ,fa!rhood 9 ,*ri/ t[>ds ^? :o love him40 ,is t 8high & sacr$ ,fa!rhood ( ,god0 reveal$ any:]e m fully & pla9ly ?an 9 ?is p>able8 & does x n tea* expressly t ! fa!r lov$ ! son1 :ile he 0 abs5t1 z a son8 ,is n 8 joy at ! return ( 8 son ! evid5ce ( t love :i* clung to him :ile he 0 away8 ,ev5 aft] ! son return$1 he _h n begun to love 8 fa!r z a son3 he did n ?9k he _h any "r to d s4 ,he did n expect t 8 fa!r w\ld love him aga93 he only expect$ to be z a s]vant4 ,x is evid5tly1 !n1 utt]ly false to say t ,god's ,fa!rhood1 reveal$ 9 ! gospel1 is only a ,fa!rhood t[>ds ^? :o love him3 x is a ,fa!rhood to ^? :o hate him & to ^? :o fe> him4 ,8 love creates !irs1 & is n creat$ by x4 ,su* a doctr9e z ?is ( ,dr4 ,?ompson1 if g5]ally believ$1 w\ld sap ! f\ndations ( ,*ri/ian life1 & turn ! gospel ( reconcil+ grace into a cold sy/em ( retribution4 ,z a pro( ( ?is melan*oly op9ion1--an op9ion :i* takes ! life out ( ! gospel1--! au?or relies *iefly on t passage 9 :i* ,jesus says to ! ,jews t !y 7 ( _! fa!r ! devil4 7,john #h3dd47 ,f ?is he argues t !y _h no "r to reg>d ,god z ,fa!r1 & t no "o has t "r except pi\s believ]s 9 ,*ri/4 ,b 0 n ,god at t v mom5t _! ,fa!r1 9 ! same way t ! fa!r ( ! prodigal son 0 8 fa!r :ile he 0 yet 9 ! f> c\ntry8 ,! prodigal son c\ld n see 8 fa!r's love3 :ile abs5t f him1 he c\ld n tell h[ mu* 8 fa!r lov$ him4 ,only :5 he return$1 & came back to 8 fa!r's h\se1 c\ld he behold t bless$ c\nt5ance & feel t p>don+ love4 ,b none ! less did 8 fa!r love him dur+ all t abs5ce2 none ! less did he desire 8 return4 ,:5 ,jesus said to ! unbeliev+ ,jews1 8,ye are ( y\r fa!r ! devil10 0 he describ+ ,god's /ate ( m9d1 or _! /ate ( m9d8 ,did he mean t ,god 0 ali5at$ f !m1 or t !y 7 ali5at$ f ,god8 ,he evid5tly meant to say t !y 7 9 a devili% /ate ( m9d2 t 9 _! "* & feel+s !y p>took ( ! _s ( ! devil1 & n ( ! _s ( ,god4 ,he 0 describ+ _! position 9 relation to ,god1 n ,god's position 9 relation to !m4 ,! text1 !re=e1 appe>s to h no direct be>+ on ! subject4 ,x tea*es1 inde$1 t !y c\ld h no truly filial feel+ t[>ds ,god2 b x does n %[ t he might n h a truly p>5tal feel+ t[>ds !m4 ,if !y c\ld n truly say1 8,abba1 ,fa!r10 he c\ld say1 8,my son1 give me ?y he>t40 ,we dwell on ?is because our au?or seems to u to h assum$ a position injuri\s1 if n fatal1 to ! mo/ vital =ce ( ! gospel4 ,t :i* subdues & conv]ts ! he>t1 & makes all ?+s new 9 ! s\l1 is n to be told1 t ,god w be our ,fa!r :5 we love him1 b t he is our ,fa!r n[4 8,h]e9 is love2 n t we lov$ ,god1 b t he lov$ u40 8,god comm5ds 8 love t[>d u1 t1 :ile we 7 s9n]s1 ,*ri/ di$ = u40 ,b :y multiply quotations to prove t :i* is writt5 on ! face ( ! gospel1 & to :i* all ,*ri/ian exp]i5ce be>s te/imony8 ,x is ,god's love to u1 desc5d+ 9 ,*ri/1 :ile we are e/rang$ & f> (f1 :i* draws up our affection to him3 x is n our love :i* takes ! initiative1 & draws 8 d[n4 ,! six? position argues future retribution f ! dem]it ( s91 & ass]ts t 8no puni%m5t equal to ! dem]it ( s9 is1 or c be1 inflict$ 9 ! pres5t life40 ,! boldness ( ?is proposition is only equall$ by ! pov]ty ( ! reason+ by :i* x is support$4 ,to ass]t t x is n 9 ! p[] ( ,god adequately to puni% s9 9 ?is _w1 is to pr(ess a k ( ! res\rces ( ,omnipot5ce1 & an acqua9tance ) ! des]ts ( man1 :i* x seems to u presumptu\s to claim4 ,on ?is po9t x is n necess>y to enl>ge4 ,an a priori argum5t to prove t ,god _c puni% s9 9 ?is life z mu* z x des]ves to be puni%$1 c c>ry conviction to no m9d :i* possesses any intellectual humility4 ,! sev5? position decl>es t 8!re is no conceivable mode & no reveal$ promise by :i* ! ,fa!rhood ( ,god c make "o1 dy+ 9 imp5it5ce & unbelief1 holy & bless$ 9 ! future _w40 ,?is is1 ( c\rse1 ! v key-/one ( ! argum5t 9 support ( ! doctr9e ( ev]la/+ puni%m5t4 ,! burd5 ( pro( re/s ^u ^? :o ass]t t doctr9e4 ,x is n en\gh t ,scripture does n expressly decl>e t !re is an opportunity 9 ! o!r life = rep5tance & p>don2 = ,scripture is deal+ ) u 9 ?is life1 & has no occasion to say mu* ( ! opportunities ( ! o!r4 ,^? :o wi% to prove t !re is no opportunity h]eaft] mu/ %[ "s text :i* expressly decl>es x4 ,no su* text is produc$1 & !re is no su* text 9 ! ,bible4 ,if ,jesus _h said1 8,y mu/ rep5t 9 ?is life1 = aft] dea? !re w be no opportunity20 or1 8,at dea?1 man's spiritual condition is f9ally det]m9$20 or1 8,aft] ?is life1 man _c turn f evil to good10--we %\ld h "s di/9ct pro( ( ! doctr9e4 ,b n[ we h none4 ,! ,p>able ( ,dives & ,laz>us is ref]r$ to m ?an once by our au?or 9 support ( 8 position4 ,x is suffici5t to say 9 reg>d to ?is1 t ! mo/ ,or?odox comm5tators1 provid$ !y are s*ol>s1 expressly d5y t ?is ref]s to ! doctr9e ( ev]la/+ puni%m5t4 ,ol%aus51 = in/ance1 says1 8,rightly to und]/& ! :ole del9eation1 we mu/1 above all1 keep cle>ly 9 view1 t x is n ev]la/+ salvation or condemnation :i* is "h describ$1 b ! middle /ate ( dep>t$ s\ls1 betwe5 dea? & ! resurrection40 8,9 our p>able1 !re is no possible ref]5ce to ! ev]la/+ condemnation ( ! ri* man1 inasmu* z ! g]m ( love1 & ( fai? 9 love1 is cle>ly express$ 9 8 words40 ,! ^w translat$ 8hell0 9 ?is p>able is n ,geh5na1 b ,hades4 ,our au?or says1 & says ju/ly1 t we c =m no op9ion z to ano!r probation h]eaft] f a priori reason+1 b t ! "q mu/ be answ]$ only f ,scripture4 ,hav+ said ?is1 he imm$iately proce$s to argue x1 a priori1 /at+ t !re are only ?ree conceivable modes by :i* ^? dy+ imp5it5t c be sav$2 & !n tries to %[ t nei!r is possible4 ,aft] ?is1 he quotes a few passages be>+ only indirectly1 & by inf]5ce1 ^u ! "q4 ,! ,p>able ( ! ,t5 ,virg9s is "o ( ^!1 because 9 x x is said1 8,! door is %ut20 &1 8,dep>t6 ,i "k y n40 ,) reg>d to ?is p>able1 also1 ,ol%aus5 says t 8! words #8,i "k y n' _c d5ote et]nal condemnation20 t ! fooli% virg9s 7 8sav$1 b n sanctifi$20 & t ! p>able does n di/+ui% betwe5 ! p5it5t & ! imp5it5t1 b betwe5 ! p5it5t believ]s :o wat* & ^? :o d n wat*4 ,( c\rse1 we h n be5 able to notice all ! argum5ts ( ?is book1 or all ! texts ref]r$ to2 b we h p]haps said en\gh to %[ t its positions are n all t5able1 & t its argum5ts are n absolutely unansw]able4 ,?is book ( ,dr4 ,?ompson1 ?\gh able1 _c be call$ conclusive4 #e4 ,def5ce ( ! ,tr9ity1 by ,fr$]ick ,d4 ,hunt+ton1 ,d4 ,d4 ,! la/ section ( ?is ,app5dix %all be devot$ to an exam9ation & criticism ( ,dr4 ,hunt+ton's s]mon1 pr9t$ "s "t s9ce1 9 def5ce ( ! ,tr9ity4 ,! c\rse ( our argum5t w be z foll[s4 ,we %all give ! reasons :i* h induc$ ,unit>ians to reject ! ,*ur* doctr9e ( ! ,tr9ity2 also exam9+ ,dr4 ,hunt+ton's positions & argum5ts 9 its support4 ,! pr9cipal reasons1 !n1 = reject+ ! ,*ur* doctr9e ( ! ,tr9ity1 z assign$ by ,unit>ians1 are ^!3-- #a4 ,t x is n[h]e taught 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t4 #b4 ,t e /atem5t ( ! ,tr9ity1 :i* has ev] be5 made1 has be5 ei!r1 7#a47 ,self-contradictory2 7#b47 ,un9telligible2 7#c47 ,tri!i/ic2 or1 7#d47 ,unit>ian1 9 ! =m ( ,sabellianism1 or ( ,arianism4 #c4 ,t ! argum5ts = x are inadequate4 #d4 ,t ! argum5ts aga9/ x are ov]:elm+4 #e4 ,t ! good ascrib$ to x does n belong to x1 b to ! tru?s :i* und]lie x4 #f4 ,t great evils to ! ,*ur* come f x4 #g4 ,t x is a doctr9e ( philosophy1 & n ( fai?4 #h4 ,t we c trace its gradual hi/oric =mation 9 ! ,*ri/ian ,*ur*4 #i4 ,t x is oppos$ to a belief 9 ! real div9ity ( ,*ri/1 & to a belief 9 8 real humanity2 ?us und]m9+ cont9ually ! fai? ( ! ,*ur* 9 ! div9e humanity ( ,*ri/ ,jesus ! ,"l4 ------------------------------------- ,proce$+1 !n1 to an exam9ation ( ^! reasons1 we say1-- ,i4 ,! ,*ur* doctr9e ( ! ,tr9ity is n[h]e /at$ 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t4 ,to prove ?is1 z x is a negative proposition1 w\ld require u to g ?r\gh ! :ole ,new ,te/am5t4 ,b we are sav$ ?is necessity by ! fact t we h a /atem5t on ?is po9t f "o ( ,dr4 ,hunt+ton's own witnesses1 & "o on :om he ma9ly relies4 ,he br+s =w>d ,ne&]1 ! great ,*ur* hi/orian1 z a believ] 9 ! ,tr9ity 7p4 #cfa71 & aga9 7p4 #cgh71 by an error :i* he has s9ce c&idly admitt$1 quotes him z say+1 8,x is ! fundam5tal article ( ! ,*ri/ian fai?10--:i* is j :at he d5ies 9 ! foll[+ passage4 ,we call ,ne&] to ! /&1 h[ev]1 n[1 to h 8 unimpea*able te/imony z a ,tr9it>ian 7& a ,tr9it>ian claim$ by ,dr4 ,hunt+ton ) pride7 to ! fact1 t ! doctr9e ( ! ,tr9ity is n[h]e /at$ 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t4 ,?is is :at ,ne&] says ( ! ,tr9ity1 9 ! fir/ volume ( 8 great "w on ,*ur* ,hi/ory 7p4 #egb1 ,torrey's translation73-- 8,we n[ proce$ to ! doctr9e 9 :i* ,!ism1 tak5 9 its connection ) ! prop] & fundam5tal ess5ce ( ,*ri/ianity1 or ) ! doctr9e ( r$emption1 f9ds its ultimate completion--! doctr9e ( ! ,tr9ity4 ,?is doctr9e does n /rictly belong to ! fundam5tal articles ( ! ,*ri/ian fai?1 z appe>s suffici5tly evid5t f ! fact1 t x is expressly held =? 9 no "o p>ticul> passage ( ! ,new ,te/am5t2 = ! only "o 9 :i* x is done1 ! passage relat+ to ! ?ree t1 be> record 7#a ,john #e3g71 is und\bt$ly spuri\s1 & 9 its ung5u9e %ape1 te/ifies to ! fact1 h[ =eign su* a collocation is f ! /yle ( ! ,new ,te/am5t ,scriptures4 ,we f9d 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t no o!r fundam5tal article ?an t ( :i* ! apo/le ,paul says1 t o!r f\ndation c no man lay ?an t is laid--! annunciation ( ,jesus z ! ,messiah40 ,) ?is au?ority we might be cont5t4 ,b ,dr4 ,hunt+ton diff]s f ,ne&] 9 ?9k+ t ,jesus has himself /at$ ! doctr9e ( ! ,tr9ity1 & /at$ x cle>ly & fully1 9 ! baptismal =mula4 7,matt4 #bh3ai47 ,he says t ?is is 8a cle> & full decl>ation ( ! fundam5tal article ( ,*ri/ian belief40 ,he says1 8,n[1 if ev]1 ,*ri/ w di/9ctly proclaim ! doctr9e ( ,*ri/5dom20 & he !n decl>es t ,*ri/1 9 ?is passage1 told 8 ,*ur* to baptize 89 ! ,triune "n407#ij7 ,n 9 ! ,triune "n1 c]ta9ly4 ,?is is an assumption ( our fri5d4 ,he may ?9k t ?is is impli$2 t ?is is to be inf]r$2 t ?is is :at ,*ri/ meant2 b c]ta9ly x is n :at ,*ri/ said4 ,*ri/ gives u "h ?ree objects ( baptism1 no d\bt2 b he does n say t !y are "o4 ,h[ f> ?is baptismal =mula is 8a cle> & full decl>ation0 ( ! doctr9e ( ! ,tr9ity w appe> ?us4 ,! doctr9e ( ! ,tr9ity decl>es1-- #a4 ,t ! ,fa!r is ,god4 #b4 ,t ! ,son is ,god4 #c4 ,t ! ,holy ,gho/ is ,god4 #d4 ,t ! ,holy ,gho/ is a p]son1 l ! ,fa!r & ! ,son4 #e4 ,t ^! ?ree p]sons con/itute "o ,god4 ,( ^! five propositions1 all ( :i* are ess5tial to ! doctr9e ( ! ,tr9ity1 n "o is /at$ 9 ! baptismal =mula4 ,*ri/ "h says no?+ ab\t ! deity ( ! ,fa!r1 ! ,son1 or ! ,holy ,gho/2 no?+ ab\t ! p]sonality ( ei!r ( !m2 & no?+ ab\t _! unity3 ,x is difficult to conceive1 !re=e1 h[ ,dr4 ,hunt+ton c br+ himself to call ?is a comm& to baptize 9 ! ,triune "n4 ,dr4 ,hunt+ton adds1 8,our fai? is summon$ to ! ?ree p]sons1 ( ! "o ,god40 ,b no?+ is said ( ?ree p]sons2 no?+ is said ( _! be+ "o ,god4 ,he says1 8,no h9t is giv5 t !re is any diff]5ce ( nature1 dignity1 duration1 p[]1 or glory1 betwe5 !m40 ,we admit x1 b also say1 t no h9t is giv5 ( any equality ( nature1 dignity1 duration1 p[]1 or glory1 betwe5 !m4 ,:i* way1 !n1 is ! argum5t8 ,*ri/ does n /ate1 on ! "o h&1 t ! ?ree are unequal or diff]5t3 he does n /ate1 on ! o!r h&1 t !y are equal & ! same4 ,! inf]5ce ( pro( f ?is fact seems to u to be ?is3 ,if ! apo/les1 :5 ,*ri/ spoke to !m1 7 already full believ]s 9 ! *ur* doctr9e ( ! ,tr9ity1 ! fact t ,*ri/ did n d5y x w\ld be an argum5t 9 its favor2 b if ! apo/les 71 at t "t1 :olly ignorant ( ! ,tr9ity1 !n ! fact1 t he did n ass]t x di/9ctly1 at lea/ %[s t he did n mean to tea* x at t "t4 ,t inf]5ce appe>s to u a v mode/ "o4 ,b ,dr4 ,hunt+ton w admit t !y did n "k ! doctr9e2 = he tells u t x 0 ! purpose ( ,*ri/ to tea* x to !m at t "t4 ,to :i* we c only reply1 ,if he meant to tea* ! doctr9e1 :y did he n tea* x8 ,t ! ^w ,,tr9ity is n to be f\nd 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t1 & t x 0 inv5t$ by ,t]tullian1 is a matt] ( little consequ5ce2 b t ! doctr9e itself %\ld be n[h]e /at$ 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t we conceive to be a matt] ( v great consequ5ce4 ,we h se5 t ,dr4 ,hunt+ton's attempt to %[ t x is /at$ 9 ! baptismal =mula is a failure4 ,if n /at$ !re1 we presume t he w n ma9ta9 t x is /at$ any:]e4 ,we !re=e agree ) ,ne&] 9 say+1 t1 :e!r ! doctr9e be true or n1 x is n taught di/9ctly 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t4 ,if taught at all1 x is only taught inf]5tially2 t is1 x is a matt] ( reason+1 n a matt] ( fai?4 ,x is metaphysics3 x is n religion4 ,,ii4 ,! second reason :y ,unit>ians reject ! ,*ur* doctr9e ( ! ,tr9ity is ?is3-- ,t e /atem5t ( ! ,tr9ity has prov$1 on exam9ation1 to be ei!r1 7#a47 ,a contradiction 9 t]ms2 or1 7#b47 ,un9telligible2 or1 7#c47 ,tri!i/ic2 or1 7#d47 ,unit>ianism "u a ,tr9it>ian =m4 ,let u exam9e ?is objection4 ,:at is ! g5]al /atem5t ( ! ,tr9ity1 z made by ! ,or?odox ,*ur*1 ,ca?olic & ,prote/ant8 ,=tunately1 ?is "q is easily answ]$4 ,or?odoxy has be5 consi/5t s9ce ! middle ages 9 its g5]al /atem5t1 h[ev] mu* x may h v>i$ 9 its explanations ( :at x meant by t /atem5t4 ,! doctr9e ( ! ,tr9ity1 z x /&s 9 ! cre$s ( ! *ur*es1 is ?is3-- ,!re is 9 ! nature ( ,god ?ree p]sons1--! ,fa!r1 ! ,son1 & ! ,holy ,gho/1--& ^! ?ree are "o be+4 ,!y are ! same 9 sub/ance1 equal 9 p[] & glory4 ,ea* ( ^! ?ree p]sons is v ,god1 inf9ite 9 all attributes2 & yet !re are n ?ree ,gods1 b "o ,god4 ,accord+ to ! g5]al doctr9e ( ,or?odoxy1 ! unity ( ,god is 9 be+1 ess5ce1 & sub/ance2 t is1 ,god is "o be+1 ,god is "o ess5ce1 ,god is "o sub/ance4 ,! ?reefold division /ops %ort ( ! be+ ( ,god3 x does n p5etrate to 8 ess5tial nature3 x does n divide 8 sub/ance4 ,:at1 !n1 is ! ,tr9ity8 ,x is a ,tr9ity ( p]sons4 ,b :at is meant by 8p]son10 z us$ 9 ?is doctr9e8 ,accord+ to ! common & famili> use ( ! ^w at ! pres5t "t1 ?ree p]sons are ?ree be+s4 ,p]sonality expresses ! mo/ individual exi/5ce imag9able4 ,if1 !re=e1 ! ^w 8p]son0 is to be tak5 accord+ to ! common use ( ! phrase1 ! doctr9e ( ! ,tr9ity w\ld be evid5tly a contradiction 9 t]ms4 ,x w\ld be equival5t to say+1 ,god is "o be+1 b ,god is ?ree be+s2 :i* aga9 w\ld be equival5t to say+ t "o is ?ree4 ,n[1 ,tr9it>ians g5]ally are too acute & cle>-sight$ to fall into su* a palpable contradiction z ?is4 ,x is a common accusation aga9/ !m1 t !y believe "o to be ?ree1 & ?ree "o2 b ?is *>ge is1 9 mo/ cases1 unju/4 ,?is w\ld be only true 9 case !y affirm$ t ,god is ?ree 9 ! same way 9 :i* he is "o2 b !y d n usually say ?is4 ,!y decl>e t he is "o be+1--n ?ree be+s4 ,!y decl>e t ! ?reefold di/9ction relates to p]sonality1 n to be+1 & t !y use ! ^w 8p]son10 n 9 ! common s5se1 b 9 a peculi> s5se1 to express1 z well z !y c1 a di/9ction1 :i*1 f ! pov]ty ( language1 no ^w c be f\nd to express exactly4 ,?us ,/4 ,augu/9e confess$1 long ago1 8,we say t !re are ?ree p]sons1 n 9 ord] to say any?+1 b 9 ord] n to be :olly sil5t40 ,non ut aliquid dic]etur1 s$ ut ne tac]etur4 ,& s ,ar*bi%op ,:ately1 9 ! notes to 8 ,logic1 regrets t ! ^w 8p]son0 %\ld ev] h be5 us$ by our div9es2 & says1 8,if hypo/asis1 or any o!r completely =eign ^w1 _h be5 us$ in/ead1 no idea at all w\ld h be5 convey$1 except t ( ! explanation giv52 & ?us ! dang]1 at lea/1 ( be+ misl$ by a ^w1 w\ld h be5 avoid$40 7#a47 ,! ,un9telligible ,/atem5t4 ,! ,tr9it>ian ?us avoids ask+ u to believe a contradiction2 b1 9 avoid+ ?is1 he runs ^u ano!r rock--t1 namely1 ( n ask+ u to believe any?+ at all2 = if 8p]son0 "h does n mean :at x commonly means1 & if x be impossible1 f ! pov]ty ( language1 to def9e precisely ! idea :i* is int5d$ by x1 we are !n ask$ to believe a proposition :i* ,tr9it>ians !mselves are unable to express4 ,b a proposition :i* is n express$ is no proposition4 ,a proposition1 any important t]m ( :i* is un9telligible1 is :olly un9telligible4 ,to make ?is matt] cle>1 let u put x into a conv]sational =m4 ,we w suppose t two p]sons meet toge!r1--"o a ,unit>ian1 ! o!r a ,tr9it>ian4 ,tr9it>ian4 ,y d n believe ! ,tr9ity8 ,!n y _c be sav$4 ,no "o c be sav$ :o d5ies ! ,tr9ity4 ,x is a vital & fundam5tal doctr9e4 ,unit>ian4 ,tell me :at x is1 & ,i w see if ,i c believe x4 ,:at is ! ,tr9ity8 ,tr94 ,god exi/s z "o be+1 b ?ree p]sons4 ,unit4 ,:at d y mean by 8p]son08 ,d y mean a p]son l ,pet]1 ,james1 or ,john8 ,tr94 ,no2 we use 8p]son0 f ! pov]ty ( language4 ,we d n mean t4 ,unit4 ,:at1 !n1 d y mean by x8 ,tr94 ,x is a my/]y4 ,we _c und]/& x precisely4 ,unit4 ,i h no objection to ! doctr9e be+ my/]i\s2 ,i believe a great _m ?+s :i* are my/]i\s2 b ,i don't want ! language to be my/]i\s4 ,y might z well use a ,greek1 or a ,hebrew1 or a ,*9ese ^w1 & ask me to believe t !re are ?ree hypo/ases or ?ree prosopa 9 ,deity1 if y d n tell me :at y mean by ! ^w 8p]son40 ,tr94 ,x is a great my/]y4 ,x is a matt] ( fai?1 n ( reason+4 ,y mu/ believe x1 & n speculate ab\t x4 ,unit4 ,believe x8 ,believe :at8 ,i am wait+ = y to tell me :at ,i am to believe4 ,i am ready to ex]cise my fai?2 b y are task+1 n my fai?1 b my k ( language4 ,i suppose t y d n wi% me to believe words1 b ?\ghts4 ,i wi% to look ?r\gh ! ^w1 & see :at ?\ght lies beh9d x4 ,n[1 x seems to u t ?is is a v fair dem& ( ! ,unit>ian4 ,to ask u to believe a proposition1 any important t]m ( :i* is un9telligible1 is precisely equival5t to ask+ u to believe no proposition at all4 ,let u li/5 to ,paul3 8,ev5 ?+s )\t life1 giv+ s\nd1 :e!r pipe or h>p1 except !y give a di/9ction 9 ! s\nds1 h[ %all x be kn[n :at is pip$ or h>p$8 ,=1 if ! trumpet give an unc]ta9 s\nd1 :o %all prep>e himself = battle8 ,s likewise ye1 except ye utt] by ! tongue words easy to be und]/ood1 h[ %all x be kn[n :at is spok58 = ye %all speak into ! air4444 ,=1 if ,i "k n ! mean+ ( ! voice1 ,i %all be unto him t speake? a b>b>ian2 & he t speake?1 a b>b>ian unto me40 ,x is ( no use to talk ab\t my/]y 9 ord] to excuse ourselves = n us+ intelligible language4 ,t :i* is my/]i\s is "o ?+2 t :i* is un9telligible is q ano!r ?+4 ,we may und]/& :at a my/]y is1 ?\gh we _c compreh5d h[ x is2 b t :i* is un9telligible we nei!r compreh5d nor und]/& at all4 ,we nei!r "k h[ x is1 nor :at x is4 ,?us1 = example1 ! fact ( ,god's =ekn[l$ge & man's fre$om is a my/]y4 ,i _c compreh5d h[ ,god c =ekn[ :at ,i am to d to-morr[1 & yet ,i be free to d x or n to d x4 ,i _c compreh5d h[ ,jesus %\ld be deliv]$ to dea? by ! det]m9$ c\nsel & =ekn[l$ge ( ,god1 & yet ! ,jews h be5 free ag5ts 9 crucify+ him & acc\ntable = x4 ,^! ?+s are my/]ies2 b !y are n un9telligible z doctr9es4 ,i see :at is meant by !m4 ,!re is no obscurity 9 ! ass]tion t ,god =ekn[s ev]y?+1 nor 9 ! o!r ass]tion t man is a free ag5t4 ,i c see cle>ly :at is impli$ 9 bo? /atem5ts1 al?\gh my m9d _c grasp bo?1 & br+ !m toge!r1 & %[ ! way 9 :i* !y may be reconcil$4 ,s1 too1 inf9ity is a my/]y4 ,we _c compreh5d x4 ,our m9d _c g r\nd x1 grasp x1 su/a9 x4 ,our ?\ght s9ks baffl$ be=e ! attempt to p5etrate to ! dep? ( su* a wond]ful idea4 ,b we und]/& well en\gh :at is meant by inf9ity4 ,!re is no?+ obscure 9 ! /atem5t ( ! fact1 t ! univ]se is unb\nd$4 ,s ! way 9 :i* a fl[] gr[s f its se$ is my/]i\s4 ,we _c compreh5d h[ ! wond]ful pr9ciple ( life c be wrapp$ up 9 ^? little folds1 & h[ x c cause ! root to /rike d[nw>d1 & ! airy /alk to spr+ lightly upw>d1 & ! leaves to unfold1 &1 la/ ( all1 ! bright1 consummate fl[] to op5 its _m-color$ eye4 ,b c]ta9ly we c und]/& v well ! /atem5t t a fl[] gr[s1 ?\gh we d n compreh5d h[ x gr[s4 ,d n1 !n1 tell u1 :5 y h ann\nc$ a doctr9e1 ! language ( :i* is un9telligible1 t y h told u a my/]y4 ,y h done no su* ?+4 ,y\r proposition is n my/]i\s3 x is un9telligible4 ,x is n a my/]y3 x is only a my/ification4 7#b47 ,! ,tri!i/ic ,/atem5t4 ,leav+1 !n1 ?is gr\nd ( my/]y1 & attempt+ to def9e move cle>ly :at he means by ?ree p]sons & "o sub/ance1 ! ,tr9it>ian (t5 s9ks ! ,unity 9 ! ,triplicity1 & s runs a%ore ^u ,tri!ism4 ,?is happ5s :5 he expla9s ! t]m 8p]son0 z imply+ indep5d5t exi/5ce2 9 :i* case ! ,unity is *ang$ into ,union4 ,!n we h really ?ree ,gods3 ! ,,fa!r1 :o devises ! plan ( r$emption2 ! ,,son1 :o goes =? to execute x2 & ! ,,holy ,,_s1 :o sanctifies believ]s4 ,if !re are ^! ?ree di/9ct be+s1 !y c be call$ "o ,god only z !y are "o 9 w1 9 aim1 9 purpose1--only z !y agree p]fectly on all po9ts4 ,! ,unity ( ,god1 !n1 becomes only a unity ( agreem5t1 n a unity ( be+4 ,?is is evid5tly n ! ,unity :i* is taught 9 ! ,bible1 :]e ,jesus decl>es t ! fir/ ( all ! comm&m5ts is1 8,he>1 ,o ,israel6 ! ,"l our ,god is ,,"o ,"l40 ,moreov]1 aga9/ su* a ,tr9ity z ?is !re are insup]able objections1 f gr\nds ( reason z well z ( ,scripture4 ,= ,god is ! ,supreme ,be+1 ! ,mo/ ,high2 & h[ c !re be ?ree ,supreme ,be+s1 ?ree ,mo/ ,high ,gods8 ,aga93 ,god is ! ,fir/ ,cause2 b if ! ,fa!r1 ! ,son1 & ! ,holy ,gho/ are ea* ,god1 & all equal 9 p[] & maje/y1 & h ea* an indep5d5t exi/5ce1 !n !re are ?ree fir/ causes2 :i* is evid5tly impossible4 ,aga93 "o ( ! attributes ( ,god is 8 indep5d5t or absolute exi/5ce4 ,a be+ :o dep5ds on ano!r _c be ! ,supreme ,god4 ,! ,fa!r1 ,son1 & ,_s1 !re=e1 _c dep5d on ea* o!r2 = ea*1 by dep5d+ on ano!r1 w\ld cease to be ! indep5d5t ,god4 ,b1 if !y d n dep5d on ea* o!r1 !n ea* ceases to be ,god1 :o is ! ,fir/ ,cause2 = t be+ is n ! ,fir/ ,cause :o has two o!r be+s indep5d5t ( him4 ,o!r argum5ts ( ! same k9d might be adduc$ to %[ t !re _c be ?ree necess>y be+s4 ,9 fact1 all ! argum5ts f reason1 :i* g to prove ! ,unity ( ,god1 prove a unity ( nature1 n ( agreem5t4 8,b :y argue aga9/ ,tri!ism80 y may say4 8,are any ,tri!i/s80 ,yes3 _m ,tr9it>ians are 9 reality ,tri!i/s1 by _! own acc\nt ( !mselves4 ,!re are _m :o make ! ,unity ( ,god a m]e unity ( agreem5t1 & talk ab\t ! society 9 ! ,godhead1 & ! int]c\rse betwe5 ! ,fa!r1 ,son1 & ,_s47#ia7 ,oppos$ to ?is k9d ( ,tr9ity is ano!r view1 9 :i* ! ,unity is pres]v$1 b ! ,tr9ity lo/4 ,accord+ to ?is view1 ,god is "o ,be+1 :o reveals himself 9 ?ree ways1--z ,fa!r1 z ,son1 z ,_s1--or su/a9s ?ree relations1 or manife/s himself 9 ?ree modes ( op]ation4 ,! ,tr9ity "h becomes a nom9al ?+1 & is1 9 reality1 only ,unit>ianism ) an ,or?odox "n4 ,?is k9d ( ,tr9ity also is v preval5t1 & is ! "o really ma9ta9$ by m5 ( high /&+ 9 ! ,or?odox ,*ur*1 bo? 9 ,europe & ,am]ica4 ,accord+ to ?is view1 ! ^w 8p]son0 9 ! doctr9e ( ! ,tr9ity means ! same z ! correspond+ ^w 9 ,greek & ,lat9 =m]ly meant2 namely1 ! outw>d "*1 n ! inw>d individuality4 ,?us ,cic]o says1 8,i1 be+ "o1 su/a9 ?ree p]sons or *>act]s2 my own1 t ( my cli5t1 & t ( ! judge0--,ego unus1 su/9eo tres p]sonas4 ,?is view ( ! ,tr9ity is commonly call$ ,modalism1 or ,sabellianism1 & is also widely held by ^? :o call !mselves ,tr9it>ians4 ,x is1 9 fact1 only ,unit>ianism "u a ,tr9it>ian "n47#ib7 7#c47 ,! ,subord9ation ,view4 ,avoid+ ^! two extremes1 & yet wi%+ to reta9 a di/9ct idea ( ,unity & ,tri-p]sonality1 ! ,tr9it>ian is necess>ily driv5 ^u a ?ird view1 9 :i* ! ,fa!r is ! only really ,supreme & ,indep5d5t ,be+1 ! ,son & ! ,holy ,_s subord9ate & dep5d5t4 ,?is view1 :i* is call$ ! subord9ation s*eme1 or ,arianism1 is ,unit>ianism aga9 9 ano!r =m2 & ?is view also is ent]ta9$ by _m :o /ill reta9 ! "n ( 8,tr9it>ians40 ,accord+ to ?is view1 ! ,son & ! ,holy ,gho/ are really ,god1 b are s by a d]iv$ div9ity4 ,god ! ,fa!r communicates 8 div9ity to ! ,son & ! ,holy ,gho/4 ,?is is ! view really tak5 9 ! ,nic5e ,cre$1 ?\gh adopt$ 9 opposition to ! ,arians1 & 0 ! doctr9e ( ! e>lie/ ,*ur* ,fa!rs be=e ! ,arian controv]sy began4 ,9 ! ,nic5e ,cre$1 we read t ! ,son is 8,god ( 77 ,god1 ,light ( 77 ,light1 true ,god ( true ,god20 ! 8(0 "h be+ ! same z 8f10 & d5ot+ orig9 & d]ivation4 ,?is doctr9e seems1 9 reality1 to h less 9 its favor ?an ei!r ( ! o!rs4 ,by call+ ! ,son & ,holy ,_s ,god1 x contrives to make ?ree di/9ct ,gods1 & s is ,tri!ism2 & yet1 by mak+ !m dep5d5t on ! ,fa!r1 x becomes ,unit>ianism aga94 ,?us1 s+ul>ly en\gh1 ?is attempt at mak+ a compromise betwe5 ,unity & ,tr9ity loses bo? ,unity & ,tr9ity2 = x makes ?ree ,gods1 & s loses ! ,unity2 & yet x makes ,*ri/ n 8,god ov] all10 n ! ,supreme ,be+1 & s loses ! ,tr9ity4 ,betwe5 ^! diff]5t views1 betwe5 ,tri!ism1 ,sabellianism1 & ,arianism1 ! ,or?odox ,tr9ity has always swung to & fro1--incl9+ m to "o or to ! o!r accord+ to ! /ate ( controv]sy 9 any p>ticul> age4 ,:5 ! ,arian or ,tri!i/ic views 7 proclaim$ & def5d$1 ! ,or?odoxy ( ! ,*ur* swung ov] t[>ds ,sabellianism1 mak+ ! ,unity /rong & solid2 & ! ,tr9ity became a ?9 mode or an airy ab/raction4 ,:5 ,sabellianism1 ?us enc\rag$1 came op5ly =w>d1 & def5d$ its sy/em & won adh]5ts1 !n ,*ur* ,or?odoxy w\ld ha/5 to set up b>ri]s on t side1 & w\ld fall back ^u ,tri!i/ic gr\nd1 mak+ ! ,?reefold ,p]sonality a pr(\nd & real di/9ction1 p5etrat+ ! v nature ( ,deity1 & *ang+ ! ,unity ( ,be+ into a m]e ,unity ( ,w or agreem5t4 ,we w v5ture to say1 t !re has nev] yet be5 a def9ition ( ! ,tr9ity :i* has n be5 ei!r ,tri!i/ic or ,modali/ic2 & ,*ur* ,or?odoxy has always /ood ei!r on ,tri!i/ic or on ,sabellian gr\nd4 ,9 o!r words1 ! ,or?odox ,tr9ity ( any age1 :5 se>*$ to ! bottom1 has prov$ to be ,unit>ianism1 aft] all--,unit>ianism 9 ! ,tri!i/ic or 9 ! ,sabellian disguise2 = ! ,tri!ism ( ?ree coequal1 indep5d5t1 & absolute ,gods1 is too mu* oppos$ bo? to reason & ,scripture to be able ev] to ma9ta9 itself op5ly z a !ology = any l5g? ( "t4 ,! analogies :i* are us$ to expla9 ! ,tr9ity are all ei!r ,sabellian or ,tri!i/ic4 ,nature has be5 se>*$ 9 all ages = ^! analogies1 by :i* to make ! ,tr9ity pla92 b none h ev] be5 f\nd :i* did n make ! ,tr9ity ei!r ,sabellianism or ,tri!ism4 ,!y are ei!r ?ree p>ts ( ! sub/ance1 or else ?ree qualities or modes ( ! sub/ance4 ,?us we h in/ances 9 :i* ! ?ree are made ! ?ree p>ts ( "o be+1 or sub/ance2 z 9 man1--_s1 s\l1 body2 ?\ght1 affection1 w2 head1 he>t1 h&4 ,"o ,be+ ) ?ree di/9ct faculties is ,tri!ism3 "o ,be+ act+ 9 ?ree directions is ,sabellianism4 ,"t is pa/1 pres5t1 & future4 ,syllogism has its major1 m9or1 & conclusion4 ,!re are o!r l analogies4 ,/4 ,patrick took = 8 illu/ration ! ?ree leaves ( trefoil1 or clov]4 ,o!rs h imag9$ ! ,tr9ity l a triangle2 or !y h ref]r$ to ! ?ree qualities ( space1--height1 bread?1 wid?2 or ( fire1--=m1 light1 & heat2 or ( a n\n1 :i* has its mascul9e1 fem99e1 & neut]2 or ( a gov]nm5t1 consi/+ ( k+1 lords1 & commons2 or ( executive1 legislative1 & judici>y4 ,?is survey ( ,*ur* ,tr9ity %[s t x is ei!r "o 9 :i*1-- #a4 ,! p]sons are n def9$2 or an un9telligible ,tr9ity4 #b4 ,or :i* def9es p]son & ,unity 9 ! usual s5se2 or a contradictory ,tr9ity4 #c4 ,or :i* def9es p]son z usual1 & ! ,unity z only ,union2 or ,tri!ism4 #d4 ,or :i* def9es p]son z only manife/ation2 or ,sabellianism4 ,^! f\r are all ! views ev] hi!rto giv51 & are all unt5able4 ,we might /op "h1 & say t ! ,tr9ity is utt]ly unsupport$4 ,!re is no ne$ ( go+ to ! ,scripture to see if x is taught !re2 = we h1 z yet1 no?+ to look = 9 ,scripture4 ,! ,tr9it>ian's difficulty appe>s to be 9 def9+ p]son4 ,b possibly he may say1 8,i _c1 inde$1 give a positive idea ( p]son2 b ,i c give a negative "o4 ,i _c say :at x is2 b ,i c say :at x is n4 ,x is n a m]e mode on ! "o h&2 & n be+1 on ! o!r4 ,we mu/ nei!r conf\nd ! p]sons nor divide ! sub/ance40 ,we w1 !n1 g fur!r1 & say1 z ,tr9it>ians h nev] yet def9$ p]son1 )\t mak+ x ei!r a mode or a be+1 s !y nev] c def9e x o!rwise4 ,!re is no ?ird betwe5 be+ & mode4 ,!y mu/ ei!r conf\nd ! p]sons or divide ! sub/ance4 ,aga93 t :i* diff]5ces "o p]son 9 ! ,deity f ano!r mu/ be ei!r a p]fection or an imp]fection4 ,!re is no?+ betwe5 ^!4 ,b x _c be an imp]fection2 = no imp]fection exi/s 9 ,god3 & x _c be a p]fection2 = !n ! o!r two p]sons w\ld want a div9e p]fection1 & w\ld be imp]fect4 ,,iii4 ,! argum5ts 9 support ( ! ,tr9ity are :olly inadequate4 ,s9ce1 accord+ to ,ne&]1 ! ,tr9ity is n /at$ 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t1 x foll[s t x is a doctr9e ( inf]5ce only2 t is1 a piece ( human reason+4 ,n[1 we h1 no d\bt1 a p]fect "r to inf] doctr9es f ,scripture :i* are n /at$ !re2 b1 z ,prote/ants1 we h no "r to make ^! inf]5ces fundam5tal1 or ess5tial to ! religi\s life4 ,!y may1 inde$1 be metaphysically ess5tial2 t is1 ess5tial to a well-arrang$ sy/em2 b !y are n morally ess5tial2 t is1 n ess5tial to ! moral & spiritual life ( ! s\l4 ,b ?is is j :at ,dr4 ,hunt+ton attempts to d4 ,he tries to %[ t !re is a doctr9e ess5tial to ! life1 peace1 & progress ( man1 :i* ! ,new ,te/am5t has omitt$ to /ate2 :i* is nei!r di/9ctly /at$ by our ,savi\r nor by any ( 8 apo/les2 :i* has be5 left to be inf]r$1 & inf]r$ by ! m]e processes ( unaid$ human reason4 ,:at argum5ts does he allege = ?is8 ,8 fir/ & pr9cipal argum5t is ! univ]sal belief ( ! ,*ri/ian ,*ur* 9 ! doctr9e ( ! ,tr9ity4 ,on ?is ,dr4 ,hunt+ton lays great /ress4 ,he says1-- 8,tru? is n det]m9$ by majorities2 & yet x w\ld be contr>y to ! laws ( our con/itution n to be affect$ by a te/imony s va/1 uni=m1 & sacr$ z t :i* is r5d]$ by ! common belief ( ,*ri/ian hi/ory & ! ,*ri/ian c\ntries to ! tru? ( ! ,tr9ity4 ,!re is some?+ extremely pa9ful1 n to say irrev]5t1 t[>ds ! ,provid5ce :i* has wat*$ & l$ ! true ,*ri/ian ,israel1 9 presum+ t a t5et s emphatically & gladly receiv$ 9 all ! ages & regions ( ,*ri/5dom1 z almo/ lit]ally to meet ! t]ms ( ! te/ ( ,v9c5tius1--believ$ always1 ev]y:]e1 & by all1--is unf\nd$ 9 revelation & tru?4 ,su* a conclusion puts an aspect ( unc]ta9ty ov] ! m9d ( ! ,*ur*1 sc>cely consi/5t ) any tol]able confid5ce 9 t great promise ( ! ,ma/]1 t he w\ld be ) 8 own all days40 7p4 #cei47 ,to :i* we answ]1-- 7#a47 ,t1 accord+ to ,dr4 ,bu%nell 7,dr4 ,hunt+ton's own witness71 !re nev] has be51 nor is n[1 any su* belief 9 ! doctr9e ( ! ,tr9ity z he ass]ts4 ,! l>ge/ "p ( ! ,*ur* h always 8divid$ ! sub/ance0 ( ! deity1 & ano!r l>ge portion h 8conf\nd$ ! p]sons20 & s ! majority ( ! ,*ur*1 :ile hold+ ! ^w 8,tr9ity10 h nev] believ$ 9 ! ,triunity at all4 ,dr4 ,hunt+ton summons ,dr4 ,bu%nell z a witness to ! practical value ( ! ,tr9ity2 & we may suppose some?+ su* an exam9ation z ?is to take place3-- ,dr4 ,hunt+ton4 ,tell u1 ,dr4 ,bu%nell1 :at in/ances y "k ( p]sons :o h be5 conv]t$ or deeply bless$ by ! holy doctr9e ( ! ,tr9ity4 ,dr4 ,bu%nell4 ,i h kn[n ( 8a great cl\d ( witnesses10 8liv+ myriads10 8:o h be5 rais$ to a p>ticipation ( ,god 9 ! fai? ( ?is adorable my/]y10 7,hunt+ton1 p4 #dac47 ,dr4 ,h4 ,m5tion "s ( !m4 ,dr4 ,b4 8,francis ,junius10 8two c5turies & a half ago10--a pr(essor 8at ,heidelb]g 7,leyd5871 te/ifi$ t he 01 9 fact1 conv]t$ f a!ism by ! ,*ri/ian ,tr9ity20 also 8! mild & sob] ,h[e20 8,j]emy ,taylor20 also 8! ,m>quis de ,r5tz20 8,edw>ds10 & 8,lady ,maxwell40 7,hunt+ton1 p4 #dad47 ,unit>ian4 ,say1 ,dr4 ,bu%nell1 :e!r1 9 y\r op9ion1 ! majority ( ,*ri/ians really believe 9 ! ,*ur* doctr9e ( ! ,tr9ity4 ,dr4 ,b4 8,a v l>ge portion ( ! ,*ri/ian tea*]s1 toge!r ) ! g5]al mass ( disciples1 und\bt$ly hold ?ree liv+ p]sons 9 ! int]ior nature ( ,god40 7,bu%nell3 8,god 9 ,*ri/10 p4 #acj47 ,unit4 ,is t scriptural or ,or?odox8 ,dr4 ,b4 ,no4 ,x is only 8a social ,unity40 ,x is 8a cele/ial ,tri!ocracy40 ,x 8boldly r5\nces ,or?odoxy at ! po9t opposite to ,unit>ianism40 7,bu%nell3 8,god 9 ,*ri/10 p4 #aca47 ,unit4 ,d ,i und]/& y to be n[ speak+ ( ! prop]ly ,or?odox m9i/]s & *ur*es g5]ally8 ,dr4 ,b4 8,our prop]ly ,or?odox tea*]s & *ur*es1 :ile pr(ess+ ?ree p]sons1 also reta9 ! v]bal pr(ession ( "o p]son4 ,!y suppose !mselves really to hold t ,god is "o p]son2 & yet !y mo/ c]ta9ly d n3 !y only confuse _! und]/&+1 & call _! confusion fai?4 ,?is ,i affirm on ! gr\nd ( suffici5t evid5ce2 p>tly because x _c be o!rwise1 & p>tly because x visibly is n40 7,ibid4 p4 #aca47 ,unit4 ,d y believe1 ,dr4 ,bu%nell1 t spiritual good c come f su* a belief 9 ! ,tr9ity z y describe to be 8und\bt$ly0 t ( 8! g5]al mass ( disciples08 ,dr4 ,b4 8,m\rnful evid5ce w be f\nd t a confus$ & pa9fully bewild]$ /ate is (t5 produc$ by x4 ,!y are practically at "w 9 _! ?\ghts to *oose betwe5 ! ?ree1 sometimes actually & decid$ly pref]r+ "o to ano!r2 d\bt+ h[ to adju/ _! m9d 9 wor%ip2 unc]ta91 aft]1 :i* ( ! ?ree to obey2 turn+ away1 possibly1 f "o ) a feel+ ( dread t might well be call$ av]sion2 devot+ !mselves to ano!r1 z ! ,romani/ to 8 patron sa9t4 ,?is1 9 fact1 is ,poly!ism1 & n ! cle>1 simple love ( ,god4 ,!re is true love 9 x1 d\btless2 b ! com=t ( love is n "h4 ,! m9d is involv$ 9 a dismal confusion1 :i* we _c ?9k ( )\t ! s9c]e/ pity4 ,no s\l c truly re/ 9 ,god1 :5 ,god is 9 two or ?ree1 & ^! 9 su* a s5se t a *oice betwe5 !m mu/ be cont9ually sugge/$40 7,ibid4 p4 #acd47 ,unit4 ,?is /ate ( m9d is und\bt$ly t ( ! g5]al mass ( ! disciples8 ,dr4 ,b4 ,x is4 7,ibid4 p4 #acj47 ,unit4 ,are !re o!rs1 call+ !mselves ,tr9it>ians1 :o hold ess5tially ! ,unit>ian doctr9e8 ,dr4 ,b4 ,yes4 8,x is a some:at curi\s fact 9 !ology t ! class ( tea*]s :o prote/ ov] ! ^w #8p]son1' decl>+ t !y mean only a ?reefold di/9ction1 _c %[ t !re is really a hair's bread? ( diff]5ce betwe5 _! doctr9e & ! doctr9e ass]t$ by _m ( ! lat] ,unit>ians4 ,!y may tea* or prea* 9 a v diff]5t mann]2 !y probably d3 b ! !oretic cont5ts ( _! op9ion _c be di/+ui%$4 ,?us !y say t !re is a c]ta9 div9e p]son 9 ! man ,jesus ,*ri/2 b t1 :5 !y use ! t]m #8p]son1' !y mean1 n a p]son1 b a c]ta9 indef9ite & indef9able di/9ction4 ,! lat] ,unit>ians1 meantime1 are f\nd ass]t+ t ,god is pres5t 9 ,*ri/ 9 a my/]i\s & peculi> communication ( 8 be+2 s t he is ! liv+ embodim5t & express image ( ,god4 ,if1 n[1 ! "q be rais$1 #8,:]e9 does ! indef9able di/9ction ( "o diff] f ! my/]i\s & peculi> communication ( ! o!r8' or #8,h[ does x appe> t !re is any diff]5ce8' !re is no liv+ man1 ,i am q sure1 :o c inv5t an answ]40 7,ibid4 p4 #ace47 ,unit4 ,is x n true t bo? ( ^! views are sometimes held alt]nately by ,tr9it>ians8 ,dr4 ,b4 8,probably !re is a degree ( alt]nation1 or incl9+ f "o side to ! o!r1 9 ?is view ( ,tr9ity1 z ! m9d /ruggles1 n[ to embrace "o1 & n[ ! o!r1 ( two incompatible notions4 ,"s p]sons are m habitually incl9$ to hold ! ?ree2 a v mu* small] numb]1 to hold ! "o40 7,ibid4 p4 #acd47 ,unit4 ,b c !y n hold ! ,unity ) ?is ,tr9ity8 ,dr4 ,b4 8,no man c ass]t ?ree p]sons1 mean+ ?ree consci\snesses1 wills1 & und]/&+s1 & /ill h any intellig5t mean+ 9 8 m9d1 :5 he ass]ts t !y are yet "o p]son4 ,=1 z he n[ uses ! t]m1 ! v idea ( a p]son is t ( an ess5tial1 incommunicable monad1 b\nd$ by consci\sness1 & vitaliz$ by self-active w2 :i* be+ true1 he might z well pr(ess to hold t ?ree units are yet "o unit4 ,:5 he does x1 8 words w1 ( necessity1 be only sub/itutes = s5se40 7,ibid4 p4 #aca47 7#b47 ,b suppose t ! belief ( ! ,*ur* 9 ! ,tr9ity 0 z univ]sal z ,dr4 ,hunt+ton ass]ts & ,dr4 ,bu%nell d5ies1 :at w\ld be its value8 ,8 argum5t proves too mu*4 ,if x proves ! ,tr9ity to be true1 x proves1 a =tiori1 ! ,roman ,ca?olic ,*ur* to be ! true ,*ur*1 & ,prote/antism to be an error2 = ,m>t9 ,lu!r1 at "o "t1 0 ! only ,prote/ant 9 ! _w4 ,suppose t a ,roman prie/ _h come to him !n4 ,he might h address$ him ?us3-- 8,x is c]ta9ly an impressive te/imony to ! tru? ( ! ,*ur* ( ,rome1 t ! ,*ri/ian _w h be5 s g5]ally agre$ 9 x4 ,tru? is n det]m9$ by majorities2 & yet x w\ld be contr>y to ! laws ( our con/itution n to be affect$ by a te/imony s va/1 uni=m1 & sacr$ z t :i* is r5d]$ by ! common belief ( ,*ri/ian hi/ory & ! ,*ri/ian c5turies to ! doctr9es & practices ( ! ,roman ,ca?olic ,*ur*4 ,we travel abroad1 ?r\gh ^! conv]t$ l&s1 ov] ! r\nd _w4 ,we ent]1 at ! call ( ! ,sabba? morn+ light1 ! place ( assembl$ wor%ipp]s2 let x be ! newly plant$ conv5ticle on ! edge ( ! ,we/]n =e/1 or ! mission>y /ation at ! extremity ( ! ,ea/]n cont95t2 let x be ! collection ( ,nor!rn m\nta9e]s1 or ( ! dwell]s 9 ,s\!rn valleys2 let x be 9 ! pla9 village meet+-h\se1 or 9 ! magnific5t ca!drals ( ! old cities2 let x be ! cr[d$ congregation ( ! metropolis1 or ! #8two or ?ree' t meet 9 fai? 9 upp] *amb]s1 9 log-huts or "u palm-trees2 let x be reg5]ate b&s ga!r$ to pray 9 ! isl&s ( ! ocean1 or ?ankful circles ( believ]s confess+ _! dep5d5ce & besee*+ p>don on %ips' decks1 9 ! mid/ ( ! ocean4 ,s we pass ov] ! out/ret*$ c\ntries ( bo? hemisph]es2 & x is well nigh c]ta9--s c]ta9 t ! r>e & scatt]$ exceptions drop out ( ! broad & g5]al conclusion--t ! l[ly petitions1 ! f]v5t supplications1 ! he>ty confessions1 ! eag] ?anksgiv+s1 or ! gr& peals ( *oral adoration1 :i* our e>s w he>1 w be utt]$ accord+ to ! gr& ritual ( ! ,*ur* ( ,rome4 ,?is is ! voice ( ! unhesitat+ praise t embraces & hall[s ! globe40 ,:at w\ld ,lu!r h repli$ to t8 ,he w\ld h said1 8,tru? mu/ h a beg9n+4 ,x is always1 at fir/1 9 a m9ority4 ,! gate ( x is /rait1 ! pa? to x n>r[1 & few f9d x4 ,all re=ms are1 at ! beg9n+1 9 ! h&s ( a small numb]4 ,if ,god & tru? are on our side1 :at d we c>e = y\r multitudes80 ,we c make ! same answ] n[4 ,dr4 ,hunt+ton proce$s to give 8 own cre$ 9 reg>d to ! ,tr9ity1--to /ate 8 own belief4 ,god1 9 himself1 he decl>es1 we _c "k at all4 ,we "k him only1 9 8 revelation4 8,out ( t ineffable & veil$ ,godhead--! gr\ndwork1 if we may say s1 ( all div9e manife/ation2 a !ocracy--!re em]ge to u1 9 revelation1 ! ?ree :om we rightly call p]sons--,fa!r1 ,son1 & ,holy ,gho/40 ,we c only conceive ( ,god1 he says1 9 action2 & 9 action we behold him z ?ree4 ,b action & revelation take place 9 "t4 ,! ,tr9ity1 !re=e1 accord+ to ,dr4 ,hunt+ton1 is only kn[n to u 9 temporal manife/ation3 :e!r x exi/s 9 et]nity or n1 we _c tell4 ,& yet1 9 ! next s5t5ce1 he goes on to say t 8! ,son is et]nally begott5 ( ! ,fa!r10 & 8! ,holy ,gho/ proce$s out ( ! ,fa!r1 n 9 "t20 :i* is ! v ?+ he _h a mom5t be=e pr(ess$ to "k no?+ ab\t4 ,x is v difficult1 !re=e1 to tell precisely :at 8 view is4 ,) reg>d to ! inc>nation ( ! ,son1 he is /ill m obscure4 ,he says t 8,*ri/ comes =? out ( ! ,godhead z ! ,son20 t he 8leaves ! glory he _h ) ! ,fa!r20 t1 :ile he is on e>?1 ! ,fa!r alone repres5ts ! unse5 p]sonality ( ! ,godhead1 & t !re=e ! ,son appe>s to be dep5d5t on him1 & submissive2 t tempor>ily1 :ile ! ,son is 9 ! _w1 he rema9s ignorant ( :at ! ,fa!r kn[s1 & says t 8 ,fa!r is great] ?an he4 8,he less5s himself to dep5d5cy = ! sake ( m$iation40 8,all ?is we might expect40 ,?is he calls an 8in/rum5tal inequality betwe5 ,son & ,fa!r30 x 8is wr\ght into ! biblical language1 rema9s 9 all our devotional habit1 & ought to rema9 !re40 ,9 o!r words1 ,dr4 ,hunt+ton believes t ! ,inf9ite ,god became less ?an inf9ite 9 ! inc>nation4 ,! common explanation ( ^? passages1 :]e ,*ri/ says1 = example1 8,my ,fa!r is great] ?an ,i10 does n satisfy him4 ,he is n satisfi$ t ,jesus said x 89 8 human nature40 ,no4 ,x 0 ! div9e nature :i* said x2 & x 0 really ,,god ,,! ,,son1 :o did n "k ! day nor ! h\r ( 8 own com+4 ,he lo/ a "p ( 8 omnisci5ce4 ,he ceas$ to be p]fect 9 all 8 attributes4 ,we %\ld say1 !n1 t he ceas$ to be ,god2 b ,dr4 ,hunt+ton ma9ta9s t he 0 ,god1 nev]!less2 b ,god less ?an omnipot5t1--,god less ?an omnisci5t2 ,god ! ,son1 s di/9ct f ! ,fa!r z to be ignorant ( :at ! ,fa!r knew1 & unable to p]=m :at ! ,fa!r c\ld d4 ,dr4 ,hunt+ton 7p4 #cff7 ascribes x to 8condesc5sion0 9 ,*ri/1 to say t 8( t day & h\r kn[e? n ! ,son40 8,x is condesc5sion inde$60 says he4 ,b ?is ^w 8condesc5sion0 does n well apply "h4 ,"o does n condesc5d to be ignorant ( :at he kn[s3 /ill less does a tru?ful p]son condesc5d to say he is ignorant ( :at he kn[s4 ,we may wisely condesc5d to help ! feeble1 & sympa?ize ) ! l[ly1 b h>dly to be ignorant ) !m1 or to pret5d to be ignorant4 ,x is a badly *os5 ^w1 & seems to %[ ! vacillation ( ! writ]'s ?\ght4 ,,iv4 ,! argum5ts aga9/ ! doctr9e ( ! ,tr9ity are unansw]able4 ,we inf] t !y are unansw]able f ! fact t !y are n answ]$4 ,x is to be presum$ t ,dr4 ,hunt+ton1 hav+ be5 = s _m ye>s a prea*] ( ,unit>ian doctr9e1 is acqua9t$ ) our argum5ts4 ,x is a rem>kable fact t1 9 ?is s]mon1 he has n[h]e attempt$ to reply to !m4 ,he has pass$ !m :olly by4 ,y w\ld n "k1 f read+ ! disc\rse1 t he _h ev] be5 a ,unit>ian1 or _h ev] he>d ( ! ,unit>ian objections to ! ,tr9ity2 /ill less t he _h himself prea*$ aga9/ x4 ,unit>ians1 = in/ance1 h said1 t if ! ,tr9ity be true1 & if x be s important to ! welf>e ( ! s\l z is cont5d$1 x w\ld be some:]e pla9ly taught 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t4 ,does ,dr4 ,hunt+ton answ] ?is argum5t8 ,no2 he answ]s ! argum5t f ! ^w 8,tr9ity0 n be+ 9 ! ,bible1 & 8 answ] is suffici5t2 b he does n answ] ! argum5t f ! fact1 t ! doctr9e itself is n any:]e di/9ctly taught1 & t none ( ! t]ms :i* h be5 f\nd ess5tial to any ,or?odox /atem5t ( ! doctr9e are to be met ) 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t47#ic7 ,nor does ,dr4 ,hunt+ton any:]e fairly meet ! ,unit>ian argum5t f ! impossibility ( /at+ ! doctr9e 9 intelligible language4 ,he tells u1 ) 8 usual eloqu5ce1 :at we h (t5 en\gh be5 taught be=e1 t !re are _m ?+s :i* we d n und]/&1 & t we mu/ believe _m facts ! mode ( :i* is un9telligible4 ,b :5 we say1 8,c we believe a doctr9e or proposition :i* _c be di/9ctly /at$80 ,he has no answ]4 ,! ,tr9ity is a doctr9e1 & mu/ !re=e be di/9ctly /at$ 9 ord] to be believ$4 ,x has n be5 di/9ctly /at$17#id7 & !re=e _c be believ$4 ,to ?is objection ,dr4 ,hunt+ton has no reply2 & we may conclude t x is an unansw]able objection4 ,dr4 ,hunt+ton uses an unnecess>y phrase ab\t ^? :o object to my/]y4 ,he calls ! objection 8%all[ self-illusion10 & proce$s ) ! usual decl>ation1 t all ( life is my/]i\s4 ,c he h be5 a ,unit>ian prea*] = tw5ty ye>s1 & n h kn[n t ,unit>ians object to my/]y only :5 x is us$ by ,tr9it>ians z a cov] = obscurity & vagu5ess ( /atem5t8 ,y ask u to believe a precise /atem5t1 viz41 t 8!re are ?ree p]sons 9 ! ,godhead40 ,we say1 8,:at d y mean by #8p]son'80 ,! ,tr9it>ian answ]s1 8,x is a my/]y40 ,we say1 8,we _c believe x1 !n40 ,! ,tr9it>ian replies1 8,:y1 all is a my/]y4 ,h[ ! grass gr[s is a my/]y2 yet y believe x40 8,no10 we say1 8we d n believe x4 ,:5 ! my/]y beg9s1 our belief ends2 we believe up to t po9t1 & no f>!r40 ,! /atem5t1 8! grass gr[s10 is n a my/]y2 ! fact1 8! grass gr[s10 is n a my/]y4 ,we believe ! fact & ! /atem5t4 ,! way 9 :i* x gr[s is my/]i\s2 & we d n believe any?+ ab\t x4 8,y _c und]/& h[ ! grass gr[s40 ,no2 &1 accord+ly1 we d n believe any?+ ab\t h[ ! grass gr[s4 ,b ! :ole purpose ( ! ,tr9ity is to %[ h[ ! ,fa!r1 ! ,son1 & ! ,holy ,_s exi/4 ,y are n satisfi$ t we receive :at ! ,scripture tea*es2 y try to %[ u ! h[1 & !n leave x 9 obscurity at la/4 ,nor does ,dr4 ,hunt+ton reply to ! ,unit>ian explanation ( ! ,tr9it>ian pro(-texts4 ,tr9it>ians h (t5 quot$ ! texts--8,i & my ,fa!r are "o20 8,he :o has se5 me has se5 ! ,fa!r0--9 pro( ( ! ,deity ( ,*ri/4 ,unit>ians h (t5 repli$ to bo? ( !m3 to ! fir/ passage1 t s9ce ,jesus has also said t 8 disciples 7 to be "o ) him1 z he is "o ) ,god1 x ei!r proves t ! disciples are also to be ,god1 or does n prove t ,*ri/ is ,god4 ,to ! second passage1 ,unit>ians h repli$ by read+ ! next clause1 9 :i* ,*ri/ says1 8,believe/ ?\ n t ,i am 9 ! ,fa!r80 %[+ h[ x is t he reveals ! ,fa!r4 ,he is 9 ! ,fa!r1 & 8 disciples are 9 him4 ,^? :o see him1 see ! ,fa!r2 ^? :o see 8 true disciples1 see ! face & image ( ,*ri/4 ,^! answ]s are s obvi\s1 & ,dr4 ,hunt+ton mu/ h he>d !m s (t51 t he %\ld1 z a controv]siali/1 h tak5 "s notice ( !m4 ,he has n done s4 ,he quotes ! passage f ,eph4 #a3bj1 #ba1 & says1 8,c ?is be a creature80 ,we reply1 8,c he be any?+ b a creature8--he :o 0 set by ,god 9 ?is place ( honor40 ,does ,god set ,god1 z a rew>d1 above pr9cipalities & p[]s8 ,does ,god make ,god 8head ov] all ?+s 9 ! ,*ur*08 ,aga93 ,dr4 ,hunt+ton quotes1 8t1 at ! "n ( ,jesus1 e knee %\ld b[1 & e tongue confess t he is ,"l20 b he omits ! conclusion1 8to ! glory ( ,god ! ,fa!r40 ,he ev5 quotes ! passage1 8,him ha? ,god exalt$ to give rep5tance & =giv5ess ( s940 ,& he quotes ! passage1 :i* has /agg]$ ! /ronge/ believ]s 9 ! ,tr9ity1 :]e ,paul decl>es 7#a ,cor4 *4 #ae71 t1 at ! end1 ,*ri/ w give up 8 k+dom to ! ,fa!r1 t 8,god may be all 9 all10 & expla9s x z mean+ t 8he w resume 8 place 9 ! coequal ,?ree1 ! indivisible ,"o40 ,has he left 8 place1 !n8 ,is t ,or?odox8 ,dr4 ,hunt+ton evid5tly ?9ks s2 = he says1 8,! ,son1 9 8 "* ( ,son%ip1 is retak51 s to speak1 into ! ev]la/+ undivid$ ,"o40 ,s to speak4 ,we may speak s3 8,b :at d we mean by x80 is ! "q4 ,did ,god ! ,son leave 8 place 9 ! ,godhead8 ,did he become less ?an ,god8 ,did he become ignorant8 ,did he suff] & die8 ,did he arise1 & at la/ reasc5d1 & take 8 place1 8s to speak10 9 ! ,godhead8 ,if ?is is meant z real /atem5t1 :at bett] is x ?an ! ,avat>s ( ,vi%nu8 ,:at sort ( ,unity is left to u8 ,we h a ,tr9ity ( c\ncil2 b :]e is ! ,unity1 except ( agreem5t8 ,"o div9e ,be+ desc5d+1 & leav+ ! o!r div9e ,be+ alone1 tempor>ily1 on ! ?rone ( ! univ]se1 until ! div9e ,be+ :o _h desc5d$ %\ld reasc5d to take 8 seat aga9 89 ! coequal ,?ree & indivisible ,"o06 ,"o ,unit>ian argum5t1 :i* appe>s to u unansw]able1 is 9 ! fact1 t ! v passages 9 :i* ! highe/ attributes are ascrib$ to ,*ri/ are always ^? 9 :i* 8 dep5d5ce & subord9ation are mo/ /rongly ass]t$4 ,we c\ld ?r[ aside all ! passages 9 :i* ,jesus ass]ts directly 8 inf]iority1--z1 8,my ,fa!r is great] ?an ,i20 8,( m9e own self ,i c d no?+10--& take ! /ronge/ pro(-texts ( ! ,tr9it>ians1 & ask = no bett] pro( = ! ,unit>ian doctr9e3 8,all p[] is giv5 to me 9 heav5 & e>?20 8,! image ( ! invisible ,god1 ! fir/-born ( e creature20 8,9 him dwelt all ! fulness ( ! ,godhead bodily40 ,are ^! passages writt5 ( ,*ri/ 9 8 div9e or human nature8 ,n 8 div9e nature2 = to ,god ! ,son all p[] _c be 8giv540 ,god ! ,son _c be 8! image ( ,god10 or ! 8fir/-born ( e creature40 ,! 8fulness ( ! ,godhead0 _c dwell 9 ,god ! ,son4 ,!y mu/1 !n1 be said ( him 9 8 human nature2 &1 if s1 !y %[ t ! l(tie/ titles & attributes d n prove him to be ,god4 ,v4 ,! good ascrib$ to ! doctr9e ( ! ,tr9ity does n belong to x1 b to ! tru?s :i* und]lie x4 ,dr4 ,hunt+ton ass]ts1 = example1 t 8! ,triunity ( ,god appe>s to be ! necess>y means ( manife/+ & support+ 9 ! m9d ( our race1 a fai? 9 ! true p]sonality ( ,god40 ,if s1 x is rem>kable t ! two =ms ( religion 9 :i* ! p]sonality ( ,god1 z absolute w1 is mo/ di/9ctly recogniz$ 7i4e41 ! ,jewi% religion & ! ,mohamm$an religion71 %\ld bo? be ignorant ( ! ,tr9ity4 ,x is equally rem>kable t ! mo/ ,pan!i/ic religion 9 ! _w1 9 :i* ! p]sonality ( ,god mo/ entirely disappe>s 7i4e41 ,bram9ism71 %\ld h a ,tr9ity ( its own4 ,x is also rem>kable1 on ?is hypo!sis1 t idolatry 9 ! ,*ri/ian ,*ur* 7z wor%ip ( ,m>y1 wor%ip ( sa9ts & relics1 c47 %\ld come up ) ! ,tr9ity1 & fl\ri% simultane\sly ) x4 ,no2 x is n ! ,tr9ity :i* br+s out mo/ di/9ctly ! p]sonality ( ,god1 b ! fai? 9 a div9e revelation ?r\gh inspir$ m54 ,if ,god c dwell 9 ! s\ls ( m51 tea*+ & guid+ !m1 he mu/ be a p]son l ! s\l ) :i* he communes4 ,especially does ! religi\s consci\sness ( ,jesus1 8 simple & *ild-l communion ) ! heav5ly ,fa!r1 br+ ,god ne> to ! s\l z a p]sonal be+4 ,x is n ! ,tr9ity1 b ! ,*ri/ian fai? :i* und]lies x1 :i* tea*es ! div9e p]sonality4 ,nor is x ! doctr9e ( ! ,tr9ity :i* is necess>y = a liv+ fai? 9 ,god ?r\gh ,*ri/1 reconcil+ ! _w unto himself4 ,all t ,dr4 ,hunt+ton says ( ! evil ( s9 is well said1 b has no be>+ on ! po9t be=e u4 ,accord+ to ,dr4 ,hunt+ton's own witnesses1 z we h se5 above1 ! ,tr9ity 0 unkn[n 9 ! e>li] ages ( ! ,*ur*4 ,0 reconciliation unkn[n8 ,0 ! =giv+ love ( ,*ri/ unkn[n8 ,if he _c ass]t ?is1 ! doctr9e ( ! ,tr9ity is n necess>y to a liv+ fai? 9 a reconcil+ ,god4 ,dr4 ,hunt+ton argues1 t only ! suff]+s1 & actual suff]+s1 ( ,god himself1 c t\* ! s9ful he>t2 &1 !re=e1 ! ,tr9ity is true4 ,! conclusion is a long way f ! premise1 ev5 suppos+ t to be s\nd4 ,b z reg>ds ! premise1 he has read & quot$ ,mansel4 ,has he n v]g$ t[>ds ! dogmatism :i* t writ] condemns8 ,w\ld x n be m mode/1 & bett] accord ) ,*ri/ian humility1 to be satisfi$ ) believ+ ! scriptural ass]tions1 t 8,god s lov$ ! _w1 t he gave 8 only-begott5 ,son20 t 8,he :o sp>$ n 8 own ,son1 b gave him up = u all1--%all he n1 ) him1 freely give u all ?+s80 ,is n ?is en\gh1 )\t an argum5t to prove t ! only way by :i* man c be sav$ is ! me?od ( a suff]+ ,god8 ,we w n dwell fur!r on ?is head1 nor exam9e our fri5d's argum5t to %[ t we _c consi/5tly1 z ,unit>ians1 h any piety4 ,we w try1 !n1 to h x inconsi/5tly4 ,,vi4 ,great evils to ! ,*ur* h come f ! doctr9e ( ! ,tr9ity4 ,x has t5d$ to ! belief 9 ?ree ,gods4 ,x has t5d$ to a confusion ( belief betwe5 ?ree ,gods ( equal p[] & maje/y1 unit$ only 9 c\nsel2 "o supreme & two inf]ior ,deities2 "o ,deity ) a ?reefold mann] ( manife/ation2 & a vague1 undet]m9$ use ( words1 ) no mean+ atta*$ to !m--unhappy confusion1 :i* none h be5 m ready to recognize & to po9t out ?an ,tr9it>ians !mselves4 ,& :at %all we say ( ! cont9ual /ruggles1 conflicts1 & bitt] controv]sies1 :i* ?is doctr9e has caus$ f ! "t ( its entrance into ! ,*ur*8 ,:at is !re m disgraceful 9 ! hi/ory ( ! ,*ur*1 ?an ! mutual p]secutions ( ,arians & ,a?anasians1 & ( all ! m9or sects & p>ties1 eng5d]$ by ?is disput$ doctr9e8 ,?is is :at ,dr4 ,bu%nell says ( "o ( ^! matt]s2 & 8 te/imony is1 p]haps1 suffici5t on ?is po9t1-- 8,no man c ass]t ?ree p]sons1--mean+ ?ree consci\snesses1 wills1 & und]/&+s1--& /ill h any intellig5t mean+ 9 8 m9d1 :5 he ass]ts t !y are yet "o p]son2 =1 z he n[ uses ! t]m1 ! v idea ( a p]son is t ( an ess5tial1 incommunicable monad1 b\nd$ by consci\sness1 & vitaliz$ by self-active w2 :i* be+ true1 he might z well pr(ess to hold t ?ree units are yet "o unit4 ,:5 he does x1 8 words w1 ( necessity1 be only sub/itutes = s5se4 8,at ! same "t1 !re are too _m signs ( ! m5tal confusion ,i speak ( n to believe t x exi/s4 ,?us1 if ! class ,i speak ( 7 to he> a disc\rse insi/+ on ! prop] p]sonal ,unity ( ,god1 x w\ld awak5 suspicion 9 _! m9ds1 :ile a disc\rse insi/+ on ! exi/5ce ( ?ree p]sons w\ld be only a c]ta9 pro( ( ,or?odoxy2 %[+ t !y pr(ess ?ree p]sons1 mean+ :at !y pr(ess1 & "o p]son1 really n mean+ x4 8,su* is ! confusion produc$ by attempt+ to ass]t a real & metaphysical ,tr9ity ( p]sons 9 ! div9e nature4 ,:e!r ! ^w is tak5 at its full import1 or dim9i%$ away to a m]e some?+ call$ a di/9ction1 !re is produc$ only contr>iety1 confusion1 practical negation1 n light40 ,s f> ,dr4 ,bu%nell4 ,on ano!r po9t ?us te/ifies ,twe/53-- 8,!re are _m to :om ! biblical & religi\s basis ( ! doctr9e is exce$+ sure & preci\s1 :o are dissatisfi$ ) ! ,*ur* =m ( ! doctr9e1 & ev5 feel !mselves repell$ or fett]$ by x4 ,x is to !m m negative ?an positive1 m oppos$ to errors ?an giv+ any insight into tru?4 ,x solves no difficulty1 x unseals no new revelation40 ,twe/5 goes on to admit t ! ,tr9ity has really hemm$ 9 ! free movem5t ( ! m9d1 sub/itut+ a dead uni=mity = a manifold & v>i\s life2 & yet ,twe/5 is a v /rong & able ,tr9it>ian4 ,,vii4 ,! doctr9e ( ! ,tr9ity is a doctr9e ( philosophy1 & n ( fai?4 ,z philosophy1 x might be ev] s true & important2 b1 :5 br\ght =w>d z religion 7z ,dr4 ,hunt+ton has done71 x w\ld become at once p]nici\s4 ,to (f] !ology = religion1 belief = fai?1 philosophy born ( speculative reflection 9 place ( spiritual insight & pi\s exp]i5ce1 h always be5 mo/ delet]i\s bo? to religion & to philosophy4 ,! objects ( fai? are ! ,fa!r1 ! ,son1 & ! ,holy ,_s4 ,?r\gh ,*ri/ we h access to ! ,fa!r 9 ! ,_s4 ,we see ! ,fa!r reveal$ to u 9 ! ,son2 we feel ! p[] ( ! ,_s 9 our he>ts4 ,?is is religion2 b ?is has no?+ to d ) ! doctr9e ( ! ,tr9ity4 ,,viii4 ,we c trace ! gradual =mation ( ! doctr9e 9 ! ,*ri/ian ,*ur*4 ,! foll[+ facts we suppose to be incontrov]tible3-- #a4 ,d[n to ! "t ( ! synod ( ,nice 7,a4,d4 #cbe71 ! ,son 0 consid]$ to be subord9ate1 or inf]ior to ! ,fa!r1 by ! great majority ( writ]s & tea*]s 9 ! ,*ri/ian ,*ur*1 & by ! multitude ( believ]s2 & no doctr9e ( ,tr9ity exi/$ 9 ! ,*ur*4 #b4 ,! ,nic5e symbol1 :i* decl>$ ,*ri/ to be 8,god f ,god1 ,light f ,light1 true ,god f true ,god1 ( ! same sub/ance ) ! ,fa!r107#ie7 0 direct$ aga9/ ! two ,arian positions1--t ,*ri/ 0 creat$1 & t !re 0 a "t :5 he did n exi/2 b x did n decl>e 8 equality ) ,god ! ,fa!r1 nor tea* ! p]sonality ( ! ,holy ,_s1 nor say any?+ ( ! ,tr9ity4 #c4 ,! c\ncils vacillat$ to & fro dur+ ?ree hundr$ ye>s1 gradually t5d+ t[>ds ! pres5t ,*ur* doctr9e ( ! ,tr9ity2 ?us1-- #a4 ,synod ( ,nice 7,a4,d4 #cbe7 oppos$ ! ,arian doctr9e ( ! creation ( ,*ri/ out ( no?+1 & ma9ta9$ t 8 sub/ance 0 d]iv$ f t ( ,god4 #b4 ,synod ( ,tyre 7,a4,d4 #cce7 favor$ ! ,arians1 & depos$ ,a?anasius4 #c4 ,c\ncil ( ,antio* 7,a4,d4 #cdc7 oppos$ ! views ( ! ,arians1 & also ! views ( _! oppon5ts4 #d4 ,c\ncil ( ,s>dica 7,a4,d4 #cdd7 result$ 9 a division betwe5 ! ,ea/]n & ,we/]n ,*ur*es--! ,ea/ be+ semi-,arian1 & ! ,we/1 ,a?anasian--9 _! view ( ! nature ( ,*ri/4 #e4 ,! ,we/]n ,*ur* t5d+ to ,sabellianism 7taught by ,m>cellus & 8 pupil ,phot9us71 ?is view 0 condemn$ by two c\ncils 9 ! ,ea/ & ,we/1 viz43-- ,second c\ncil ( ,antio* 7,a4,d4 #cdc74 ,c\ncil ( ,milan 7,a4,d4 #cdf74 #f4 ,con/antius1 an ,arian emp]or1 endeavor$ to make ! ,we/]n ,*ur*es accept ! ,arian doctr9e1 &1 at two synods 7,a4,d4 #cec & #cee1 at ,arelate & ,m$iolanum71 compell$ ! bi%ops to sign ! condemnation ( ,a?anasius1 depos+ ^? :o refus$ s to d4 #g4 ,! ,arians1 be+ ?us dom9ant1 imm$iately divid$ into ,arians & ,semi-,arians1--! di/9ction be+ ! fam\s di/9ction betwe5 o & oi4 ,bo? p>ties d5i$ ! ,homo\sios2 b ! ,semi-,arians admitt$ ! ,homoi\sios4 #h4 ,at ! synod ( ,ancyra 7,a4,d4 #ceh71 ! ,semi-,arian doctr9e 0 adopt$1 & ! ,arian reject$4 ,! ?ird synod ( ,sirmium 7,a4,d4 #ceh7 did ! same ?+4 #i4 ,d[n to ?is "t 7,a4,d4 #cfj71 no?+ 0 said ab\t ! ,holy ,_s 9 its relation to ! ,tr9ity4 ,! ,emp]or ,val5s1 an ,arian1 p]secut$ ! ,a?anasians f ,a4,d4 #cfd to #cgh4 ,!n ,!odosius1 an ,a?anasian emp]or1 p]secut$ ! ,arians4 ,semi-,arianism1 h[ev]1 cont9u$ ,or?odox 9 ! ,ea/4 #aj4 ,! ,ne/orian controv]sy broke out ,a4,d4 #dcj4 ,c\ncil ( ,ephesus 7,a4,d4 #dca7 condemn$ ,ne/or4 ,! ,ne/orians 7:o 7 ,unit>ians7 sep>at$ entirely f ! ,*ur*1 & became ! ,*ur* ( ! ,p]sian empire4 #aa4 ,! ,monophysite controv]sy broke out4 ,! c\ncil ( ,*alc$on 7,a4,d4 #dea7 decid$ t !re 7 two natures 9 ,*ri/2 & ! ,monophysites sep>at$1 & =m$ ! ,coptic ,*ur*4 ,_! =mula 01 t 8,god 0 crucifi$ 9 ,*ri/40 ,! ,ne/orians 7 too ,unit>ian1 & ! ,monophysites too ,a?anasian4 ,! ,*ur* decid$ 7aga9/ ! ,ne/orians7 t ,m>y 0 ,god's "m1 b decid$ 7aga9/ ! ,monophysites7 t ,god 0 n crucifi$4 #ab4 ,fir/ ,lat]an ,c\ncil 0 call$ 79 ,a4,d4 #fdj7 to settle a new po9t4 ,x hav+ be5 decid$ t !re 7 two natures 9 ,*ri/1 x 0 n[ ?\ght be/ by _m to yield to ! ,monophysites--t !re 0 only "o w 9 ,*ri/4 ,h5ce ! ,mono!letic controv]sy1 f9ally settl$ at !1-- #ac4 ,six? ,g5]al ,c\ncil 7,a4,d4 #fhj71 :5 two wills 9 ,*ri/ 7 accept$ z ! doctr9e ( ! ,*ur*4 ,?us x appe>s t x took ! ,*ur* f ,a4,d4 #cbe to ,a4,d4 #fhj to settle ! que/ions conc]n+ ! relation ( ,*ri/ to ,god4 ,dur+ all ?is "t1 op9ion vacillat$ betwe5 ,arianism on ! "o h& & ,sabellianism on ! o!r4 ,at ! end ( ?is p]iod1 ! ,*ur* _h become consolidat$1 & /rong en\gh to compel submission to its op9ions3 b ! relation ( ! ,holy ,_s to ! ,tr9ity rema9$ unsettl$ = sev]al c5turies m2 & f9ally ! ,ea/]n ,*ur* sep>at$ altoge!r f ! ,we/]n ,*ur* on ?is po9t4 ,! :ole ,greek ,*ur* rema9s1 to ?is day1 sep>at$ f ! ,lat9 ,*ur* on a "q belong+ to ?is v doctr9e ( ! ,tr9ity4 ,s mu*1 !n1 = ,dr4 ,hunt+ton's ass]tion1 t ! ,tr9ity is a doctr9e :i* c almo/ lit]ally be said to h be5 believ$ 8always1 ev]y:]e1 & by all40 ,,ix4 ,! doctr9e ( ! ,tr9ity is oppos$ to ! real div9ity ( ,*ri/ & to 8 real humanity2 ?us und]m9+ cont9ually ! fai? ( ! ,*ur* 9 ! div9e humanity ( ,jesus ,*ri/ ! ,"l4 ,our f9al & *ief objection to ! ,tr9ity is1 n t x makes ,*ri/ div9e1 b t x does n make him s4 ,x sub/itutes = ! div9ity ( ! ,fa!r1 ! ,supreme ,god1 :i* ,unit>ians believe to dwell 9 ,*ri/1 a subord9ate div9ity ( ,god ! ,son4 ,?is is subord9ate1 because d]iv$2 &1 because d]iv$1 dep5d5t4 ,! ,son may be said to be 8et]nally g5]at$20 b ?is is only an et]nal d]ivation1 & does n alt] ! dep5d5ce1 b makes x also to be et]nal4 ,! t5d5cy ( ! ,*ur* doctr9e ( ! ,tr9ity is always to a belief1 n 9 ! supreme div9ity dwell+ 9 ,*ri/1 b 9 a d]iv$ & second>y div9ity4 ,h[ is x1 = example1 ) ! ,nic5e doctr9e conc]n+ ,*ri/8 ,dr4 ,hunt+ton claims ,nice z ,tr9it>ian4 7p4 #cfa47 ,b :at says ,pr(4 ,/u>t conc]n+ ! ,nic5e doctr9e8 ,li/54 8,! ,nic5e symbol pres5ts ! ,fa!r z ! ,monas1 or prop] ,godhead1 9 & ( himself exclusively2 x repres5ts him z ! ,fons et ,pr9cipium ( ! ,son1 & !re=e gives him sup]ior p[] & glory4 ,x does n ev5 ass]t ! claims ( ! bless$ ,_s to ,godhead1 & !re=e leaves room to d\bt :e!r x means to recognize a ,tr9ity1 or only a ,duality40 7,moses ,/u>t1 ,bib4 ,repos41 #ahce1 quot$ by ,wilson1 ,tr94 ,te/41 p4 #bfd47 ,& h[ is x ) ! ante-,nic5e fa!rs1 :om ,dr4 ,hunt+ton also consid]s to be ,tr9it>ian8 else c]ta9ly 8 rule ( 8always1 ev]y:]e1 & by all10 does n hold4 ,if1 = ! fir/ ?ree hundr$ ye>s aft] ,*ri/1 !re 7 no ,tr9it>ians1 x _c be said t ! ,tr9ity has 8always0 be5 held 9 ! ,*ur*4 ,li/51 aga91 to ,pr(4 ,/u>t1 ^: le>n+ no "o c "q4 8,we f9d t all ! ,fa!rs be=e1 at1 & aft] ! ,c\ncil ( ,nice1 :o h>monize ) ! s5tim5ts !re av[$1 decl>e ! ,fa!r only to be ! self-exi/5t ,god40 7,see ! :ole p>agraph 9 ,wilson1 ,tr94 ,te/41 p4 #bfg47 8,to be ! au?or ( ! prop] sub/ance ( ! ,son & ,_s1 accord+ to ! ,patri/ical cre$2 or to be ! au?or ( ! modus exi/5di ( ! ,son & ,_s1 accord+ to ! mod]n cre$1--bo? seem to involve ! idea ( p[] & glory 9 ! ,fa!r1 immeasurably above t ( ! ,son & ,_s40 7,moses ,/u>t1 ,bib4 ,repos41 #ahce47 ,s ,col]idge ass]ts t 8bo? ,scripture & ! ,nic5e ,cre$ tea* a subord9ation ( ! ,son to ! ,fa!r1 indep5d5t ( ! inc>nation ( ! ,son4444 ,*ri/1 speak+ ( himself z ! coet]nal ,son1 says1 #8,my ,fa!r is great] ?an ,i4' 0 7,wilson1 ,tr94 ,te/41 p4 #bgj47 ,accord+ to ! ,tr9it>ian doctr9e1 !n1 we d n f9d ,god--! ,supreme ,god1 our heav5ly ,fa!r--9 ,*ri/2 b a d]iv$1 subord9ate1 & inf]ior ,deity4 ,n ! "o univ]sal ,p>5t d we approa*1 b "s my/]i\s1 d]iv$1 inscrutable ,deity1 less ?an ! ,fa!r1 & di/9ct f him4 ,d we n1 !n1 lose ! b5efit & bless+ ( ! div9ity ( ,jesus8 ,c we believe him :5 be says1 8,he :o has se5 me has se5 ! ,fa!r80 ,no2 we d n believe t1 if we are ,tr9it>ians2 b r1 t1 hav+ se5 him1 we h se5 8,,! ,,son20 :om ,col]idge decl>es to be an inf]ior ,deity2 ov] :om ,bi%op ,pe>son1 9 8 8,exposition ( ! ,cre$10 says1 ! ,fa!r holds 8preem95ce10--! ,fa!r be+ 8! ,orig91 ! ,cause1 ! ,au?or1 ! ,root1 ! ,f\nta91 ! ,head1 ( ! ,son40 ,! doctr9e ( ! ,tr9ity is !re=e oppos$1 z ,sw$5borg ably cont5ds1 to ! real div9ity ( ,*ri/47#if7 ,b x is equally oppos$ to 8 real humanity4 ,x con/antly drives out ( ! ,*ur* ! human elem5t 9 ,*ri/4 ,dr4 ,hunt+ton is a/oni%$ at ,unit>ians n p]ceiv+ t ! humanity ( ,*ri/ is z de> to ,tr9it>ians z 8 ,deity2 yet x _c be d5i$1 t ! my/]i\s dogma ( deity has q ov]%ad[$ ! simple human life ( our de> ,"l1 s t ! ,*ur* has fail$ to see ! ,son ( man4 ,all 8 highe/ human traits become unreal 9 ! light ( ?is doctr9e ( 8 deity4 ,he is tempt$2 b t is unreal1 = ,god _c be tempt$4 ,he prays1 8,our ,fa!r20 b ?is also is no real pray]1 = he is omnipot5t1 & c ne$ no?+4 ,he enc\nt]s opposition1 hatr$1 contumely1 & be>s x ) sweete/ composure2 b :at ( t8 s9ce1 z ,god1 he look$ d[n f an inf9ite height ^u ! puny opposition4 ,he agonizes 9 ! g>d52 b x is imag9>y suff]+3 h[ c ,god feel any real agony1 l man8 ,jesus ceases to be example1 ceases to be our be/ belov$ companion & bro!r1 & becomes a my/]i\s p]sonage1 inscrutable to our ?\ght1 & f> remov$ f our sympa?y4 ,,footnotes #a ,! foll[+ passage1 f an article 9 ! 8,indep5d5t10 by ,h5ry ,w>d ,bee*]1 is valuable1 p]haps1 z ! te/imony ( "o :o has 8summ]$ x & w9t]$ x0 ) ,or?odoxy3-- 8,does anybody inquire :y1 if s ?9k+1 we occasionally give su* %>p articles ^u ! great religi\s newspap]s1 #8,! ,obs]v]1' #8,! ,intellig5c]1' & ! l8 ,o1 pray d n ?9k x f any ill w4 ,x is all k9dness6 ,we only d x to keep our voice 9 practice4 ,we h made ,or?odoxy a /udy4 ,& by an att5tive exam9ation ( #8,! ,presbyt]ian1' #8,! ,obs]v]1' #8,! ,puritan ,record]1' & su* l unblemi%$ confessors1 we h p]ceiv$ t no man is truly s\nd :o does n pit* into somebody t is n s\nd2 & t a real mod]n or?odox man1 l a n]v\s wat* dog1 mu/ sit on ! door-/one ( 8 sy/em1 & b>k incessantly at ev]y?+ t comes 9 sight along ! highway4 ,& :5 !re is no?+ to b>k at1 ei!r he mu/ gr[l & gnaw 8 res]v$ bones1 or b>k at ! moon to keep up ! sonor\sness ( 8 voice4 ,& s1 = fe> t ! sweetness ( our temp] may lead m5 to ?9k t we h no !ologic zeal1 we lift up 9 objurgation n[ & !n--z mu* z to say1 #8,"h we are1 fi]ce & or?odox2 ready to gr[l :5 we _c bite4' 0 #b ,?us ,!odore ,p>k] 78,exp]i5ce z a ,m9i/]07 speaks ( a review ( 8 8,disc\rse on ,religion0 9 a ,tr9it>ian "w1 :i* did x no inju/ice4 #c ,accord+ to ! 8,*>t ( ,religi\s ,belief0 9 ,john/on's ,physical ,atlas1 !re are 9 ! _w #adj1jjj1jjj ( ,ca?olics1 #gj1jjj1jjj ( ,prote/ants1 #fh1jjj1jjj ( ! ,greek ,*ur*1 & #ad1jjj1jjj ( m9or cre$s4 ,ab\t1 9 8 8,"q ,roma9e10 gives ! ,roman ,*ur* #aci1jjj1jjj4 ,he says1 8,! ,roman ,ca?olic ,*ur*1 :i* ,i s9c]ely respect1 is compos$ ( #aci1jjj1jjj ( individuals1 n includ+ ! little ,mort>a40 #d ,mr4 ,taylor %[s t ! ,*ur*1 ,a4,d4 #cjj1 0 ess5tially corrupt 9 doctr9e & practice2 t ! ,romi% ,*ur* 0 r an improvem5t on x2 t ,j]ome1 ,ambrose1 ,gregory1 & ,a?anasius are full ( false doctr9e2 & t a ,gno/ic !ology1 a ,pagan asceticism1 & a corrupt morality prevail$ 9 ! ,*ur* 9 ^? e>ly c5turies4 #e ,( c\rse we d n mean to *>ge our ,or?odox fri5ds ) believ+ 9 p]secution4 ,we only %[ t if ,or?odoxy is 9 ! lett]1 !y ought1 consequ5tially1 to believe 9 p]secution4 ,no d\bt ,prote/antism has put an end to p]secution4 ,:5 ,lu!r came1 all believ$ 9 p]secution2 n[1 no "o does4 ,?is is because ! ,re=mation conta9$ a d\ble pr9ciple3 fir/1 t we are sav$ by fai?1 n by sacram5ts1 & t fai? is ! belief ( doctr9es2 second1 t to see !m aright1 we mu/ use our own m9ds1 & consequ5tly seek = tru? z ! p>am\nt duty ( life4 ,b 9 ord] to seek effectually1 we mu/ seek freely--h5ce ! "r ( private judgm5t z aga9/ au?ority 9 ,*ur* & ,/ate4 ,! la/ pr9ciple is t ( tol]ation2 ! fir/ is ! pr9ciple ( intol]ance4 ,! la/ has prov$ ! /rong]1 because x re/s on ! logic ( ?+s1 ! o!r only on ! logic ( words4 #f ,heb4 #aa3a4 #g ,jacobi--^: words h be5 said to let ! ?\ghts %9e ?r\gh1 z wet clo!s ar\nd ! limbs all[ ! =m to be se5--says t all k beg9s ) fai?4 ,fai? is1 accord+ to ,jacobi1 7#a7 a k proce$+ f imm$iate revelation2 7#b7 k :i* does n ne$1 & _c h1 pro(s2 7#c7 mu* m c]ta9 k ?an any d]iv$ f demon/ration2 7#d7 a p]ception ( ! sup]-s5sual _w2 7#e7 ,a well-gr\nd$ & reliable prepossession 9 favor ( c]ta9 tru?s2 7#f7 a fai? :i* sees1 & a sight :i* believes2 7#g7 a vision1 an imp5etrable my/]y1 a p]ception ( ! ?+ 9 itself4 #h ,see 8,brok5 ,lights10 p4 #bjg1 note4 #i ,a /ory is told ( a clock1 on "o ( ! high ca!dral t[]s ( ! old] _w1 s con/ruct$ t at ! close ( a c5tury x /rikes ! ye>s z x ord9>ily /rikes ! h\rs4 ,z a hundr$ ye>s come to a close1 sudd5ly1 9 ! imm5se mass ( complicat$ me*anism1 a little :eel turns1 a p9 slides into ! appo9t$ place1 & 9 ! %ad[s ( ! night ! bell tolls a requiem ov] ! g5]ations :i* dur+ a c5tury h liv$1 & labor$1 & be5 buri$ ar\nd x4 ,"o ( ^! g5]ations might live & die1 & witness no?+ peculi>4 ,! clock w\ld h :at we call an e/abli%$ ord] ( its own2 b :at %\ld we say :51 at ! midnight :i* br\ght ! c5tury to a close1 x s\nd$ ov] ! sleep+ city1 r\s+ all to li/5 to ! _w's age8 ,w\ld x be a violation ( law8 ,no2 only a v>iation ( ! accu/om$ ord]1 produc$ by ! int]v5tion ( a =ce always exi/+1 b nev] appe>+ 9 ?is way till ! appo9t$ mom5t _h arriv$4 ,! toll+ ( ! c5tury w\ld be a v>iation f ! obs]v$ ord] ( ! clock2 b to an arti/1 9 con/ruct+ x1 x w\ld h =m$ a "p ( t ord]4 ,s a miracle is a v>iation ( ! ord] ( nature z x has appe>$ to u2 b to ! ,au?or ( nature x 0 a "p ( t pr$e/9$ ord]--a "p ( t ord] ( :i* he is at all times ! imm$iate ,au?or & ,su/a9]2 miracul\s to u1 se5 f our human po9t ( view1 b no miracle to ,god2 to our circumscrib$ vision a violation ( law1 b to ,god only a "p 9 ! great plan & progress ( ! law ( ! univ]se4--,ephraim ,peabody4 #aj ,tr5*1 8,notes on ! ,miracles ( our ,"l40 #aa ,we use ! t]m 8pl5>y inspiration0 r ?an 8lit]al inspiration10 or 8v]bal inspiration10 = 8lit]al inspiration0 is a contradiction 9 t]ms1 l 8bodily _s40 #ab ,?oluck1 9 8 ,essay on ! ,doctr9e ( ,inspiration1 ascribes ! orig9 ( ! belief 9 ! infallibility ( ,scripture to ?is suppos$ ne$ ( an au?oritative outw>d rule ( fai? among ,prote/ants4 ,he says1 8,9 proportion z controv]sy1 %>p5$ by ,jesuitism1 made ! ,prote/ant p>ty s5sible ( ! necessity ( an ext]nally =tifi$ gr\nd ( combat1 9 t same proportion did ,prote/antism seek1 by ! exaltation ( ! outw>d au?oritative "* ( ! ,sacr$ ,writ+s1 to recov] t infallible au?ority :i* x _h lo/ ?r\gh its rejection ( inspir$ c\ncils & ! infallible au?ority ( ! pope4 ,9 ?is mann] arose1 n e>li] ?an ! sev5te5? c5tury1 ^? s5tim5ts :i* reg>d$ ! ,holy ,scripture z ! infallible production ( ! ,div9e ,_s1--9 its entire cont5ts & its v =m1--s t n only ! s5se1 b also ! words1 ! lett]s1 ! ,hebrew v[el po9ts1 & ! v punctuation 7 reg>d$ z proce$+ f ! ,_s ( ,god40--,?oluck's ,essay--,noyes's 8,collection40 #ac ,! doctr9e ( ! ,roman ,ca?olics1 z /at$ by ,moehl]1 a di/+ui%$ ,roman ,ca?olic1 is z foll[s3-- 8,! doctr9e ( ! ,ca?olic ,*ur* on orig9al s9 is extremely simple1 & may be r$uc$ to ! foll[+ propositions3 ,adam1 by s91 lo/ 8 orig9al ju/ice & hol9ess1 drew d[n on himself1 by 8 disob$i5ce1 ! displeasure & judgm5ts ( ! ,almighty1 incurr$ ! p5alty ( dea?1 & ?us1 9 all 8 p>ts1--9 8 body z well z s\l1--became /rangely det]iorat$4 ,?us 8 s9ful condition is transmitt$ to all 8 po/]ity z desc5d$ f him1 entail+ ! consequ5ce t man is1 ( himself1 incapable--ev5 ) ! aid ( ! mo/ p]fect e?ical law (f]$ to him f )\t 7n except+ ev5 ! "o 9 ! ,old ,cov5ant7--to act 9 a mann] agreeable to ,god1 or 9 any o!r way to be ju/ifi$ be=e him1 save only by ! m]its ( ,jesus ,*ri/40 ,! doctr9e ( ! ,*ur* ( ,engl& conc]n+ orig9al s9 & free w is 9 its n9? & t5? articles1 & decl>es t1-- 8,orig9al s9 is 444 ! fault & corruption ( ! nature ( e man1 t naturally is eng5d]$ ( ! (fspr+ ( ,adam2 :]eby man is v f> gone f orig9al righte\sness1 & is1 ( 8 own nature1 incl9$ to evil1 444 & !re=e 9 e p]son born into ! _w x des]ve? ,god's wra? & damnation4444 8,! condition ( man aft] ! fall ( ,adam is su* t he _c turn & prep>e himself by 8 own natural /r5g? & good works to fai? & call+ ^u ,god4 ,:]e=e we h no p[] to d good works1 pleasant & acceptable to ,god1 )\t ! grace ( ,god by ,*ri/ prev5t+ u1 t we may h a good w1 & work+ ) u :5 we h t good w40 ,! e>ly ,fa!rs took diff]5t views ( ! orig9 ( s94 ,t]tullian ascrib$ x to human impati5ce4 8,nunc ut comp5dio dictum sit1 omne peccatum impati5ti adscrib5dum40 7,t]tul4 ,de ,pati54 #e47 ,orig5 ?9ks laz9ess ! cause ( s92 s9 is a negation--n do+ "r4 ,ju/9 ,m>tyr ascribes ! orig9 ( s9 to s5suality4 ,orig5 7aft] ,philo7 consid]$ ! /ory ( ! fall z an allegory1 & a type ( :at takes place 9 all m54 #ad ,see1 9 ! ,app5dix1 an exam9ation ( ,pr(essor ,%$d's article4 #ae ,ovid4 ,metam4 #g3ah4 8,si possem1 sanior essem4 ,s$ trahit invitam nova vis2 aliudque cupido1 ,m5s aliud suadet1 video meliora1 proboque1 ,det]iora sequor40 ,see1 also1 ! /ory1 9 ! ,cyropdia1 ( ,araspes & 8 two s\ls4 #af ,see ,dr4 ,cox's ,s]mon on ,reg5]ation1 review$ by ,dr4 ,hodge1 9 8,essays & ,reviews40 #ag ,lu!r1 9 8 8,table-talk10 says ( 8 prea*+ aga9/ ! pope1 & ! enorm\s labors x entail$1 8,if ,i _h kn[n !n :at ,i n[ "k ( ! difficulty ( ! task1 t5 horses %\ld n h drawn me to x40 8,at t "t ,dr4 ,j]ome )/ood me1 & said1 #8,:at w y d8 ,!y w n endure x4' ,b said ,i1 #8,:at if !y mu/ endure x8' 0 #ah ,see ,raum]1 8,ges*i*te ,europas10 zweit] ,b&4 #ai ,god 9 ,*ri/1 by ,horace ,bu%nell1 p4 #aic1 c4 #bj ,heb4 #b3i1 #ag1 #ah4 #d3ae4 #e3h1 #i4 #ba ,no soon] 0 ,socrates dead ?an he rose to be ! *ief figure 9 ,greek hi/ory4 ,:at are ,miltiades1 ,p]icles1 or ,alcibiades to him8 ,tw5ty ye>s aft] ,joan ( ,arc 0 burn$ by a decree ( ! ,roman ,ca?olic ,*ur*1 ! same ,*ur* call$ a c\ncil to reconsid] & rev]se h] s5t5ce4 ,tw5ty ye>s aft] ! dea? ( ,savon>ola1 ,rafaelle pa9t$ 8 portrait among ! great doctors1 fa!rs1 & sa9ts 9 ! halls ( ! ,vatican4 ,)9 a few ye>s aft] ,john ,br[n 0 hang$1 half a million ( soldi]s m>*$ ?r\gh ! ,s\? *ant+ 8 "n 9 _! songs4 ,abraham ,l9coln 0 kill$1 & he is n[ ! mo/ influ5tial figure 9 our hi/ory4 #bb 8,doctr9al ,attitude ( ,old ,s*ool ,presbyt]ians40 ,by ,lyman ,b4 ,atwat]1 ,pr(essor ( ,m5tal & ,moral ,philosophy 9 ,pr9ceton ,college4 ,biblio!ca ,sacra1 ,janu>y1 #ahfd4 #bc 8,! ,old ,s*ool 9 ,new ,engl& ,!ology40 ,by ,pr(essor ,lawr5ce1 ( ,ea/ ,w9dsor4 ,biblio!ca ,sacra1 ,april1 #ahfc4 #bd 8,doctr9es ( ! ,new ,s*ool ,presbyt]ians40 ,by ,rev4 ,george ,duffield1 ,d4 ,d41 ( ,detroit4 ,biblio!ca ,sacra1 ,july1 #ahfc4 #be 8,hopk9sianism40 ,by ,rev4 ,eno* ,pond1 ,d4 ,d41 ,pr(essor 9 ,bangor ,!ological ,sem9>y4 ,biblio!ca ,sacra1 ,july1 #ahfb4 #bf 8,doctr9es ( ,me?odism40 ,by ,rev4 ,dr4 ,:$on4 ,biblio!ca ,sacra1 ,april1 #ahfb4 #bg 8,!ologis*e ,zeitscrift40 ,h]ausgegeb5 von ,dr4 ,fri$r4 ,s*lei]ma*]1 ,dr4 ,w4 ,m4 ,l4 ,de,wette1 und ,dr4 ,fri$r4 ,lcke4 ,er/es ,heft1 ,b]l91 #ahai4 ,ueb] die ,lehre von d] ,erwhlung4 #bh ,rom4 #aa3bi4 8,! gifts & call+s ( ,god are )\t rep5tance40 ,by ?is we und]/& ! apo/le to mean ! same ?+ z is impli$ 9 ,ecclesia/es 7#c3ad73 8,i "k t :at ,god doe?1 x is =ev]40 ,god1 hav+ *os5 ! ,jews = a "w1 w cont9ue to !m ! gifts1 & w see t someh[ or o!r1 "s "t or o!r1 ! "w is done4 #bi ,a p]son :o nev] _h an intellectual d\bt conc]n+ a future life may be s poorly provid$ ) an inw>d s5se ( immortality t he may nev] feel q will+ to die1 or confid5t 9 view ( dea?4 ,su* a man 0 ,dr4 ,johnson1 :o _h n ! lea/ scepticism2 :o 0 a dogmatic believ]1 & hat$ a h]etic2 :o1 yet1 nev] atta9$ to any sort ( com=t 9 view ( dea?1 & 0 always afraid to die4 ,s !re may be ano!r p]son :o may h no intellectual belief 9 a future life1 b :o w h ! in/9ct ( immortality s /rong z to be q easy & happy 9 look+ =w>d to dea?4 ,su* a p]son is ,miss ,m>t9eau1 :o1 9 consequ5ce ( a poor philosophy ( mat]ialism :i* %e 0 taught 9 h] *ildhood1 & has always held1 has be5 br\ght v logically at la/ to disbelieve immortality1 & ev5 ! exi/5ce ( ,god1 & yet is v cont5t$ ab\t x1 & q happy4 #cj 8,nescio1 quomodo1 dum lego1 ass5tior2 cum posui librum1 et mecum ipse de immortalitate animorum cpi cogit>e1 ass5sio omnis illa illabitur40 #ca ,?us x is said1 8,9 ,*ri/ %all all be made alive40 ,! mean+ is1 t :5 we live 9 ref]5ce to ,god1 to immortal tru?1 to ! inf9ite law ( "r1--:5 we really love any?+ out ( ourselves1--we lose all fe> ( dea?4 8,p]fect love ca/s out fe>20 t is1 pure love4 ,! love ( a "m = a *ild ca/s out fe>4 ,%e is n afraid ( dea?2 %e w run ! risk ( dea? tw5ty times ov] to save h] *ild4 ,! immortal elem5t is ar\s$ 9 h]4 ,! soldi] is r\s$ by ! g5]al's fi]y spee* to a ?rill ( patriotism1 & ?9ks x sweet & beautiful to die = 8 c\ntry4 ,love ( 8 c\ntry has ca/ out 8 fe>4 ,?is is some?+ m ?an any m]e ins5sibility4 ,m5 c h>d5 !mselves aga9/ dang] & dea?2 !y c ?9k ( some?+ else4 ,b t ins5sibility is m]ely a ?ick %ell put r\nd x--a sev5fold %ield p]haps2 b ! mortal fe> lies hidd5 all ! same )94 ,true life is v diff]5t4 #cb ,! ^w "h r5d]$ ,,aboli%$ is else:]e translat$ 8de/roy$10 8made void10 8made ( none effect10 8br\ght to no?+10 8vani%$ away10 8done away10 8put d[n40 ,! mean+ is1 t all its =ce1 importance1 value1 is tak5 out ( x4 #cc 8,! ,/ate ( ! ,imp5it5t ,dead4 ,by ,alvah ,hovey1 ,d4 ,d40 ,bo/on1 #ahei4 #cd ,= be=e a def9+ clause1 see ,john #f3bi2 #d3cd2 #a ,john #c3aa1 #bc2 #d3ba2 #b ,john #f4 #ce ,die ,be/immung des ,m5s*54 ,b]l91 #ahjj4 #cf ,9 addition to ! extracts f ,pr(essor ,hovey1 ,mey]1 ,lcke1 & ,de ,wette1 ! foll[+ passages f ,f4 ,d4 ,maurice 78,!ological ,essays07 are int]e/+1 z %[+ a concurr5ce ( te/imony f yet ano!r qu>t] to ! !sis ( ?is section3-- 8,:5 any "o v5tures to say to an ,engli% audi5ce1 t et]nity is n a m]e negation ( "t1 t x d5otes some?+ real1 sub/antial1 be=e all "t1 he is told at once t he is dep>t+ f ! simple1 intelligible mean+ ( words2 t he is introduc+ novelties2 t he is talk+ ab/ractions4 ,?is language is p]fectly hone/ 9 ! m\?s ( ^? :o use x4 ,b !y d n "k :]e !y le>n$ x4 ,!y did n get x f peasants1 or wom51 or *ildr54 ,!y did n get x f ! ,bible4 ,!y got x f ,locke4 ,& if ,i f9d t ,i _c int]pret ! language & ?\ghts ( peasants1 & wom51 & *ildr51 & t ,i _c int]pret ! pla9e/ passages ( ! ,bible1 or ! :ole context ( x1 :ile ,i look ?r\gh ! ,locke spectacles1 ,i mu/ ca/ !m aside4444 8,suppose1 in/ead ( tak+ ?is me?od ( ass]t+ ! tru? ( all ,god's words1 ! mo/ bless$ & ! mo/ trem5d\s1 we reject ! wisdom ( our =efa!rs1 & enact an article decl>+ t all are h]etics1 & d5i]s ( ! tru?1 :o d n hold t et]nal means endless1 & t !re _c be a deliv]ance f et]nal puni%m5t4 ,:at is ! consequ5ce8 ,simply ?is1 ,i believe3 ! :ole gospel ( ,god is set aside4 ,! /ate ( et]nal life & et]nal dea? is n "o we c ref] only to ! future1 or t we c 9 any wise id5tify ) ! future4 ,e man :o kn[s :at x is to h be5 9 a /ate ( s91 kn[s :at x is to h be5 9 a /ate ( dea?4 ,he _c connect t dea? ) "t2 he mu/ say t ,*ri/ has br\ght him out ( ! bonds ( et]nal dea?4 ,?r[ t idea into ! future & y deprive x ( all its reality1 ( all its p[]4 ,i "k :at x means all too well :ile y let me connect x ) my pres5t & p]sonal be+1 ) ! pangs ( consci5ce :i* ,i suff] n[4 ,x becomes a m]e vague dream & %ad[ to me :5 y project x into a di/ant _w4 ,& if y take f me ! belief t ,god is always righte\s1 always ma9ta9+ a fight ) evil1 always seek+ to br+ 8 creatures out ( x1 y take ev]y?+ f me--all hope n[1 all hope 9 ! _w to come4 ,atonem5t1 r$emption1 satisfaction1 reg5]ation1 become m]e words1 to :i* !re is no c\nt]p>t 9 reality40 #cg ,9 ! ,g]man ,bible we h ! true ^w--8,auf]/ehung40 #ch ,s ,de ,wette1 ,kurzgefas/es exegetis*es ,h&bu* zum ,n4 ,t41 ad locum4 #ci ,s ,s*leusn]1 ,lexicon 9 ,,lxx4 #dj ,s ,u/]i 7,paul9is*5 ,lehrbegriff7 says t appe>s to d5ote p>tly ! />tl+ p[] ( ! tru?1 & p>tly its p[] ( call+ m5 toge!r f all ! regions ( ! e>?4 #da ,*ri/ only comes :5 he comes to reign4 ,8 fir/ com+ 0 z ,jesus1 n z ,*ri/4 ,! human life is 8! life ( ,jesus40 ,*ri/ian hi/ory is 8! life ( ,*ri/40 ,9 8 e>?ly life he 0 ,prophet2 9 8 dea? he 0 ,prie/2 9 8 resurrection1 or ris5 /ate1 he 0 ,k+4 #db ,! book ( ! ,revelation ( ,john is ! acc\nt ( ,*ri/'s com+2 & ! true int]pretation ( t book dep5ds on ! prop] und]/&+ ( 8 com+4 ,if ,*ri/'s com+ began at ! de/ruction ( ,j]usalem1 & has cont9u$ 9 all ! developm5ts ( human hi/ory1 !n ! key to 8! ,revelation0 is to be f\nd 9 ! progress ( ,*ri/ian pr9ciples & ideas 9 ! _w4 ,b]?oldt 7,*ri/ologia ,judorum ,jesu ,apo/olorumque tate71 note to #aa1 quotes f ! ,seph] ,ikk>im ?is passage--8,! future age w come gradually to m5 aft] ! day ( ! great judgm5t1 :i* w take place aft] ! resurrection40 ,resurrection & judgm5t bo? come ) ,jesus1 & 8 7 8! la/ days40 #dc #a ,!ss4 #d3ag4 8,we1 :o are alive1 & rema91 %all be caught up toge!r ) !m1 9 ! cl\ds1 to meet ! ,"l 9 ! air40 ,u/]i 7,paul4 ,lehrbeg47 says t 8?is has no analogy 9 any o!r passage ( ! ,epi/les1 or inde$ ( ! ,new ,te/am5t40 ,b ,paul outgrew ?is lit]alism1 & 9 8 lat] ,epi/les speaks ( sitt+ already ) ,*ri/ 9 8heav5ly places40 #dd ,ol%aus51 an ,or?odox comm5tator1 speaks ?us 9 reg>d to ,*ri/'s pr$ictions conc]n+ 8 com+1 9 ,matt4 *4 #bd1 #be3-- 8,"o ( ! mo/ /rik+ examples ( ! b9d+ ( ! pres5t & future 9 "o n>rative1 & "o :i* pres5ts _m difficulties1 is to be f\nd 9 ^! passages4 ,pla9 descriptions ( ! imp5d+ de/ruction ( ,j]usalem & ( ! ,jewi% /ate bl5d ) no less app>5t descriptions ( ! com+ ( ,*ri/ 9 8 k+dom4 ,x _c be d5i$ t ! ,or?odox int]pret]s are f> less natural & un=c$ ?an ! o!rs1 9 _! treatm5t ( ?is passage4 ,_! dogmatic views lead !m to put ap>t f ea* o!r elem5ts :i* are bl5d$ toge!r by ,mat!w & by ! o!r evangeli/s4 ,= example1 ,s*ott says1 t ! description ( ,*ri/'s com+ beg9s 7,matt4 #bd3bi7 imm$iately aft] #8! tribulation1' c41 & t all be=e t belongs to ! de/ruction ( ,j]usalem4 ,b ap>t f ! impossibility ( reg>d+ ! #bi? v]se z ! beg9n+ ( some?+ entirely new1 !re are also 9 ! passages :i* foll[ di/9ct ref]5ces to ! pres5t g5]ation 7v]se #cd71 & 9 ! fir/ "p z di/9ct ref]5ces to #8! la/ "t4' ,we d n1 !re=e scruple 7says ,ol%aus57 to accept ! simple explanation :i* alone suits ! text1 t ,*ri/ speaks ( 8 com+ z co9cid5t ) ! de/ruction ( ,j]usalem1 & ) ! d[nfall ( ! ,jewi% /ate40 ,! mo/ int]e/+ "q1 p]haps1 is z to ! op9ions ( ,jesus himself ab\t 8 com+4 ,t he =saw ! ov]?r[ ( ,j]usalem & ! ,temple is c]ta94 ,ev]y?+ indicates t he possess$ a m>vell\s p[] ( read+ ! future 9 ! pres5t1 & saw 9 ! condition ( ! ,jewi% m9d ! inevitable ov]?r[ ( _! /ate4 ,he also saw t ?r\gh 8 dea? all m5 %\ld be br\ght to him1 & t he %\ld become ,k+ 9 ! way 9 :i* he describ$ to ,pilate 8 royalty1 i4e41 ,k+ ( ! tru?4 ,all :o love ! tru? %all1 soon] or lat]1 obey 8 voice4 ,9 :at way1 !n1 did he expect to come8 ,9 ! way he himself indicates ! com+ ( 8 k+dom--l leav51 work+ secretly 9 ! d\gh2 l se$1 spr\t+ my/]i\sly 9 ! gr\nd2 l lightn+1 se5 ev]y:]e at once4 ,by ^! images alone c\ld he convey to 8 disciples 8 ideas4 ,he long$ to tell !m _m ?+s m1 b !y 7 n able2 to be> !m4 #de ,! difficulties 7( :i* ,ol%aus5 & o!r c&id ,or?odox int]pret]s speak7 9 h>moniz+ ! diff]5t p>ts ( ,mat!w's two *apt]s 7#bd & #be7 ab\t ,*ri/'s com+ & judgm5t1 may p]haps be reliev$ 9 "s su* way z ?is4 7#a47 ,! end ( ! ,mosaic age & ! beg9n+ ( ! ,messianic age are fix$ at ! de/ruction ( ,j]usalem4 7#b47 ,*ri/'s com+ beg9s !re1 & cont9ues ?r\gh ,*ri/ian hi/ory1 till all mank9d are ,*ri/ians4 ,8 com+1 !re=e1 v]ifies :at ,s*ill] says ( tru?1 t x 8nimm] i/1 imm] wird40 7#c47 ,:5ev] he comes1 he judges m5 accord+ to ! /ate ( m9d 9 :i* !y are4 7#d47 ,! ?ree p>ables 7virg9s1 tal5ts1 k+ on 8 ?rone7 repres5t ! judgm5t ( ?ree diff]5t classes4 ,! fir/ class 7( wise & fooli% virg9s7 are ^? :o are n yet conv]t$1 & h n become disciples ( ,*ri/4 ,:5 he comes1 ^? ( !m :o h oil 9 _! lamps--or :o receive tru? into an hone/ he>t 7,luke #h3ae7--;are ready to receive him1 & to become ,*ri/ians2 ^? :o h no oil reject him4 ,! second class 79 ! tal5ts7 are ,*ri/ians1 :o receive m or less ( p[] & ( good1 accord+ to pa/ fidelity4 ,! ?ird class 7! 8nations 07 are ! hea!n1 & o!rs1 :o h nev] kn[n ( ,*ri/ at all1 b are ,*ri/ians outside ( ,*ri/ianity4 #df ,! late/ illu/ration ( ,or?odox ideas on ?is subject we h met ) is conta9$ 9 a little tract :i* has fall5 9 our way1 conta9+ 8extracts f a s]mon address$ to ! /ud5ts 9 ! ,unit$ ,presbyt]ian ,!ological ,sem9>y ( ,x5ia1 ,ohio1 by ,rev4 ,william ,davidson40 ,x beg9s 9 ?is some:at enigmatical way3-- 8,x is an unspeakably t]rible ?+ = any "o--= ev5 a y\? or a hea!n--to be lo/40 ,:y ?is limit+ p>ticle 8ev50 is introduc$ is n expla9$4 ,x seems to be impli$ ei!r t a y\? & a hea!n h n z mu* to lose z o!rs1 or else t we are n b\nd to feel s mu* = _! loss z = t ( o!rs4 ,aft] a little poetry 7:i* we omit1 z x is altoge!r too /]n a matt] = any s5tim5tal ornam5t71 ,mr4 ,davidson proce$s3-- 8,nor is ?is all to ^? :o suff] lea/4 ,x is n only ! loss ( all1 & a horrible lake ( ev]-burn+ fire1 b !re are horrible objects1 fill+ e s5se & e faculty2 & !re are horrible eng9es & in/rum5ts ( torture4 ,!re are ! #8*a9s ( d>kness1' ?ick1 heavy1 h>d1 & smo!r+ z ! gloom ( blank & black despair--*a9s /rong z ! cords ( omnipot5ce1 hot z ! crisp+ flames ( v5geance1 inde/ructible & et]nal z ju/ice4 ,) *a9s l ^!1 e iron l9k burn+ into ! ?robb+ he>t1 is b\nd ea* doom$1 damn$ s\l1 on a b$ ( burn+ m>l1 "u an iron ro(1 riv5 ) tempe/s1 & dripp+ ) torr5ts ( unqu5*able fire40 ,! object ( ! prea*] be+ to make z t]rific a picture z possible1 he accumulates ^! mat]ial images ( bodily torm5t 9 ord] to excite ! imag9ation to ! utmo/4 ,we c conceive ( 8 writ+ ^! s5t5ces c>efully 9 8 com=table /udy1 9 an easy *air1 by ! side ( a *e]ful fire1 ) a smile ( self-complac5cy1 z he selects ea* /rik+ expression4 ,!n he proce$s3-- 8,nor is ?is all4 ,unmortifi$ appetites1 hungry z dea?1 insatiable z ! grave1 torture x4 ,e passion burn+1 an unseal$ volcano 9 ! he>t4 ,e base lu/ a tig] un*a9$--a worm undy+1 let loose to prey on s\l & body4 ,pride1 vanity1 envy1 %ame1 trea*]y1 deceit1 falsehood1 fell rev5ge1 & black despair1 malice1 & e unholy emotion1 are s _m spr+s ( excruciat+ & ev]-increas+ agonies1 are s _m hot & /ifl+ w9ds1 toss+ ! swoon+1 swelt]+ s\l on waves ( fire4 ,& !re w be deadly hung]1 b no food2 p>*+ ?ir/1 b no wat]2 et]nal fatigue1 b no re/2 et]nal lu/ ( s5su\s & intellectual pleasures1 b no gratification4 ,& !re w be t]rible companions1 or r foes1 !re4 ,et]nal long+s aft] society1 b no companion1 no love1 & no sympa?y !re4 ,e "o utt]ly selfi%1 hateful1 & hat+4 ,e "o cunn+1 false1 malignant1 fi]ce1 fell1 & devili%4 ,all comm+le 9 ! confusion & ! c>nage ( "o wide-spread1 pitiless1 truceless1 desp]ate /rife4 ,& !re w be t]rible sights & s\nds !re4 ,fa!rs & sons1 pa/ors & p1 husb&s & wives1 bro!rs & si/]s1 ) swoll5 ve9s & blood%ot eyes1 /ra9+ t[>ds ea* o!r's ?roats & he>ts1 reprobate m51 & devils 9 =m & features1 hide\s to z great a degree z are ! beauties ( ! ble/ 9 heav5 beautiful4 ,& !re are groans & curses1 & ev]la/+ wail+s1 z h>% & horrible z heav5's songs1 %\ts1 & an!ms are sweet1 joy\s1 & enraptur+4 ,& !re w be t]rible displays ( ! div9e p[] & skill1 & inf9itely awful displays ( m]ciless & omnipot5t ju/ice1 9 ! puni%m5t ( t rebel crew1 t g5]ation ( moral vip]s full gr[n1 t congregation ( moral mon/]s40 ,all ?is1 h[ev]1 is n en\gh4 ,x is necess>y to g fur!r1 & repres5t ,god 9 ! "* ( ! devil1 9 ord] to complete ! picture4 8,^u su* an assembly1 ,god1 :o is ( pur] eyes ?an to behold iniquity1 _c look b ) utt] dete/ation4 ,8 wra? %all come up 9 8 face4 ,8 face %all be r$ 9 8 ang]4 ,he w :et 8 glitt]+ sword1 & 8 h& %all take hold on v5geance2 & he %all recomp5se4 ,he %all laun* =? 8 lightn+s1 & %oot abroad 8 arr[s4 ,he %all unseal all 8 f\nta9s1 & p\r out 8 tumbl+ cat>acts ( v5geance4 ,he %all build 8 batt]ies al(t1 & ?und] ^u !m f ! heav5s4 ,8 eye %all n pity !m1 nor %all 8 s\l sp>e = _! cry+4 ,! day ( v5geance is 9 8 he>t1 & x is :at he has 8 he>t set on4 ,he w delight 9 x4 ,he w %[ 8 wra?1 & make 8 p[] kn[n4 ,t inf9ite p[] has nev] be5 fully made kn[n yet2 b x w be !n4 ,x is b a little t we see ( x 9 creation & provid5ce2 b we %all see x1 fully reveal$1 9 ! de/ruction ( t rebel crew4 ,he w tread !m 9 8 ang]1 & trample !m 9 8 fury1 & w /a9 8 raim5t ) _! blood4 ,! cup ( ! w9e ( 8 fi]ce wra? %all conta9 no mixture ( m]cy at all4 ,& !y w n be able to resi/ t wra?1 nor w !y be able to endure x2 b !y %all1 9 s\l & body1 s9k :olly d[n into ! second dea?4 ,! iron heel ( omnipot5t & triumph+ ju/ice1 pitiless & rejoic+1 %all tread !m d[n1 & cru% !m l[] /ill1 & l[] ev]1 9 t burn+ pit :i* kn[s no bottom4 ,all ?is1 & m & worse1 d ! ,scriptures decl>e2 & t prea*] :o hesitates to proclaim x has =sworn 8 s\l1 & is a traitor to 8 tru/40 ,n[1 x is simple tru? to say t ! blasphem] & pr(ane swe>] :o sp5ds fifty ye>s 9 curs+ ,god & ,*ri/ is n s blasphem\s z ! man :o writes su* s5t5ces z ^! ab\t ! ,almighty1 & utt]s !m to "y m5 z a prep>ation = _! "w 9 ! m9i/ry4 ,! p ( ,sodom & ,gomorrah %all rise up 9 ! day ( judgm5t aga9/ ^? :o speak ?us ( ,god1 & %all condemn !m4 ,! ,pagans1 :o repres5t _! gods z horrid idols1 pleas$ ) blood & slaught]1 h an excuse1 :i* ,mr4 ,davidson has n1 = !y d n h ! gospel ( ! ,"l ,jesus 9 _! h&s4 ,?us he cont9ues3-- 8,& all ?is %all be =ev]4 ,x %all nev]1 nev] end4 7,matt4 *4 #be47 ,! wick$ g away into ev]la/+ torm5ts4 ,?is is a bitt] +r$i5t 9 _! cup ( wormwood1 a m t]rible ?+ 9 _! t]rible doom4 ,if aft] endur+ x all = twice t5 ?\s& times t5 ?\s& ye>s1 !y might h a deliv]ance1 or at lea/ "s abatem5t1 x 7 less t]rible4 ,b ?is may nev]1 nev] be4 ,_! e/ate is rem$iless4 ,!re is a great gulf fix$1 & !y _c pass f !nce4 ,or1 if aft] suff]+ all ?is z _m ye>s z !re are aque\s p>ticles 9 air & ocean1 !y might !n be deliv]$1 or if1 aft] repeat+ t amaz+ p]iod z _m times z !re are s&-gra9s 9 ! globe1 !y might !n be deliv]$1 !re w\ld be "s hope4 ,or1 if y multiply ?is latt] sum--too inf9ite to be express$ by figures1 & too limitless to be compreh5d$ by angels--by ! numb] ( atoms t compose ! univ]se1 & !re might be deliv]ance :5 !y _h pass$ ^? amaz+1 abysmal gulfs ( duration1 !n !re w\ld be "s hope4 ,b no6 :5 all is suff]$ & all is pa/1 /ill all beyond is et]nity40 #dg ,to %[ h[ "s ,roman ,ca?olics write 9 ! middle ( ! n9ete5? c5tury1 we quote ! foll[+ f a ,roman ,ca?olic book1 publi%$ 9 ,engl&1 by ,rev4 ,j4 ,furniss1 be+ especially 8a book = *ildr540 ,wi%+ to sp>e our read]s su* horrors1 we put x "h1 advis+ no "o ( weak n]ves to read its atroci\s descriptions4 8,! f\r? dungeon is #8! boil+ kettle4' ,li/53 !re is a s\nd l t ( a kettle boil+4 ,is x really a kettle :i* is boil+8 ,no4 ,!n :at is x8 ,he> :at x is4 ,! blood is boil+ 9 ! scald$ ve9s ( t boy2 ! bra9 is boil+ & bubbl+ 9 8 head2 ! m>r[ is boil+ 9 8 bones4 ,! fif? dungeon is ! #8r$-hot ov51' 9 :i* is a little *ild4 ,he> h[ x screams to come out2 see h[ x turns & twi/s itself ab\t 9 ! fire2 x beats its head aga9/ ! ro( ( ! ov54 ,x /amps its little feet on ! floor ( ! ov54 ,to ?is *ild ,god 0 v good4 ,v likely ,god saw t ?is *ild w\ld get worse & worse1 & w\ld nev] rep5t1 & s x w\ld h to be puni%$ mu* m 9 hell4 ,s ,god 9 8 m]cy call$ x out ( ! _w 9 its e>ly *ildhood40 #dh ,we take ! foll[+ f ! 8,mon?ly ,religi\s ,magaz9e30-- 8,! #8,c\ntry ,p>son1' 9 8 late "w1 ! #8,autumn ,holidays1' cont5ds t ! fe> ( future puni%m5t 9 ano!r _w has little influ5ce 9 det]r+ f crime4 ,he ought to h add$1 t ! reason may be1 t !re is s little belief 9 any spiritual _w :atev]1 among m5 ( gross] s5suality2 & t future puni%m5t1 z x is prea*$ 9 ! old !ology1 is s arbitr>y z to seem unreal1 & is los+ its p[] ov] all ?9k+ m9ds4 ,! foll[+ case is cit$ f ! exp]i5ce ( a ,scot* m9i/]4 ,no m9i/]s1 let x be rememb]$1 prea* ! lit]al flames ( a local hell 9 tones m awful ?an !y4 8,8 p>i%ion]s 7 sadly addict$ to dr9k+ to excess4 ,m5 & wom5 7 giv5 alike to ?is degrad+ vice4 ,he did all he c\ld to repress x1 b 9 va94 ,= _m ye>s he w>n$ ! drunk>ds1 9 ! mo/ solemn mann]1 ( ! doom !y might expect 9 ano!r _w2 b1 s f> z he knew1 n a pot ( ale or glass ( spirits ! less 0 drunk 9 ! p>i% 9 consequ5ce ( 8 d5unciations4 ,future woe melt$ into mi/ 9 ! pres5ce ( a repl5i%$ jug or a m>ket-day4 ,a happy ?\ght /ruck ! cl]gyman4 ,9 ! neighbor+ t[n1 !re 0 a clev] m$ical man1 a vehem5t teetotal]2 him he summon$ to 8 aid4 ,! doctor came1 & deliv]$ a lecture on ! physical consequ5ces ( drunk5ness1 illu/rat+ 8 lecture ) l>ge diagrams1 :i* gave %ock+ repres5tations ( ! /oma*1 lungs1 he>t1 & o!r vital organs z affect$ by alcohol4 ,^! ?+s came home to ! drunk>ds1 :o _h n c>$ a ru% = f9al p]dition4 ,! effect produc$ 0 trem5d\s4 ,almo/ all ! m5 & wom5 ( ! p>i% took ! total ab/95ce pl$ge2 & s9ce t day drunk5ness has ne>ly ceas$ 9 t p>i%4 ,nor 0 ! improvem5t evanesc5t2 x has la/$ two or ?ree ye>s40 #di ,s ,erig5a 7quot$ by ,/rauss71 ,de ,divis ,nat4 8,v]a ratio docet1 nullum contr>ium div9 bonitati vitque ac beatitud9i posse esse coet]num2 div9a siquidem bonitas consumet malitiam1 t]na vita absorbet mortem1 beatitudo mis]iam40 #ej ,! "n giv5 to !m by ,augu/9e 78,civ4 ,dei10 lib4 #ba1 c4 #ag73 8,d5ique hujus s5t5ti ,patronos ,s4 ,augu/9us appellat titulo non incongruo1 #8,doctores ,mis]icordes' tractatque non inhumanit]40 ,?omas ,burnet1 8,de ,/atu ,mortuum et ,resurg5tium40 ,*ap4 ,,xi4 #ea ,see ,brets*neid]1 8,dogmatik10 & ,/rauss1 8,*ri/li*e ,glaub5slehre40 #eb 8,nos et angelos futuros dmones si eg]imus neglig5t]2 et rursum dmones1 si volu]9t cap]e virtutes1 p]v5ire ad angelicam dignitatem40 ,orig51 quot$ by ,j]ome4 #ec 8,nihil enim omnipot5ti impossibile e/1 nec insanabile aliquid e/ factori suo40 #ed 8,quod tam5 non ad subitum fi]i1 s$ paulatim et p] p>tes intellig5 dum e/1 inf9itis et imm5sis lab5tibus sculis1 cum s5sim p] s+ulos em5datio fu]it et correctio prosecuta1 prcurr5tibus aliis1 aliis insequ5tibus40 ,see ^! quotations 9 ,/rauss1 ,hase1 c4 #ee ,matt4 #be3df4 ,! ,greek ^w translat$ 9 ! ,engli% z 8ev]la/+0 puni%m5t 9 ! beg9n+ ( ! v]se1 & z life 8et]nal0 at ! end1 is ! same ^w 77 9 bo? places1 & %\ld be translat$ 8et]nal0 9 bo?4 #ef ,remorse--f mordeo1 to gnaw4 ,s ,/4 ,?omas 7,summa1 ,p>s ,,iii4 #b1 #ig73 8,v]mis non debet esse intelligi corporalis s$ spiritualis1 qui e/ con sci5ti remorsus40 #eg 8,pauci res ipsas1 s$ r]um imag9es1 tanquam 9 speculo1 intu5tur3 at res ipsas1 facie ad faciem1 ut dicitur1 et ablato velo1 visuri sumus t&em si ,deo placu]it1 p>tim sub occasu hujusee mundi1 pl5ius autem 9 futuro40--,?omas ,burnet1 ,de ,/atu ,mortuorum et ,resurg5tium ,tractatus4 ,lond9i4 ,typis et imp5sis ,j4 ,hooke1 9 vico vulg dicto ,fleet ,/reet1 #agcg4--,no "o has spok5 m p[]fully & eloqu5tly ?an he aga9/ ev]la/+ puni%m5t1 p>ticul>ly 9 ! passage beg9n+ 8,nobis difficile e/ omnem exu]e humanitatem40 p4 #cji4 #eh ,is x n rem>kable 7z %[+ h[ little ! ,new ,te/am5t has z yet be5 really /udi$7 t !re %\ld be s _m discussions z to ! future doom ( ! hea!n1 :5 ,jesus himself "h di/9ctly tells u :at x w be4 ,! ^w is ! only ^w 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t :i* is ev] translat$ hea!n3 :]ev] ! ^w hea!n occurs 9 our ,bible1 x is always ?is4 ,jesus tea*es t ! hea!n 7inside & outside ( ,*ri/5dom7 w be judg$ accord+ to _! humanity1 _! ob$i5ce to ! law writt5 9 _! he>ts2 & he %[s t ?is is co9cid5t ) ! law ( ,*ri/ianity4 ,s1 :5 ! ,*ur* ( ,engl& says 79 its #ah? article7 t 8!y also are to be _h accurs$ t presume to say t e man %all be sav$ by ! law or sect he pr(esse?1 s t he be dilig5t to frame 8 life accord+ to t law & ! light ( nature20 x d5\nces ?is curse on ,*ri/ himself1 & ?us proves conclusively t x is n speak+ by ! ,_s ( ,god1 s9ce 8no man1 speak+ by ! ,_s ( ,god1 calle? ,jesus accurs$40 7#a ,cor4 #ab3c7 ,?is comes ( ! habit 7happily less common n[ ?an =m]ly7 ( ?r[+ ab\t curses at r&om1 aga9/ ^? :o diff] f our op9ions4 ,"s ( !m may ?us1 accid5tally1 hit ! ,ma/] himself4 ,x is1 p]haps1 ( less consequ5ce t ?is ana!ma also t\*es ! apo/le ,paul1 :o decl>es t ! hea!n :o h n ! law are a law to !mselves :5 !y d "r1 & are absolv$ by _! consci5ce4 7,rom4 #b3ad47 #ei ,orig51 ,homil4 9 ,levit4 #g3b4 8,salvator meus luget etiam nunc peccata mea2 ,salvator meus lt>i non pote/1 donec ego 9 iniquitate p]maneo4 ,non vult solus 9 regno ,dei bib]e v9um ltiti--nos expectat40 #fj ,gu]icke1 ,*ri/4 ,symbolik1 #gj4 #fa 8,ecclesia enim e/ ctus hom9um ita visibilis et palpabilis ut e/ ctus populi ,romani1 vel regnum ,galli1 aut respublica ,v5etorum40 ,bell>m94 ,eccles4 ,milit4 c4 #b4 #fb ,moehl]1 ,symbolism1 #cf4 #fc 8,bonos et malos ad ecclesiam p]t9]e ,ca?olica fides v]e et con/ante affirmat40 ,cat4 ,rom4 #fd ,! *ief passage 9 pro( ( ?is1 z is well kn[n1 is ,matt4 #af3ah1 #ai 8,?\ art ,pet]10 c4 ,b ev5 ,augu/9e1 ! great light ( ! ,lat9 ,*ur*1 says t 8,pet] 0 n ! ,rock1 b ,*ri/ 0 ! ,rock40 7,ne&]1 vol4 ii4 p4 #afh47 ,! same p[] 0 giv5 to ! o!r apo/les4 ,matt4 #ah3ah4 ,john #bj3bc4 ,rev4 #ba3ad4 #fe ,le ,prote/antisme ,libral p> le ,pa/eur ,bo/4 ,p>is1 ,baillire1 #ahfe4 #ff 8,il e/ de fait que le ,ca?olicisme1 qui e/ ess5tiellem5t un pr9cipe d'au?orit1 ne sait pas dire o reside cette au?orit40 #fg 8,?irty-n9e ,articles1 art4 xix40 ,s ,augs4 ,conf4 art4 #g3 8,congregatio sanctorum1 9 qua evangelium recte docetur1 et recte adm9i/rantur sacram5ta40 ,b x may be ask$1 ,:o is to decide on ! 8recte08 #fh ,9 ! rem>kable "w 8,ecce ,homo04 #fi ,?oluck1 9 8 *>m+ "w on ! ,s]mon on ! ,m\nt1 speaks ?us 78,b]gpr$igt ,*ri/4 von ,a4 ,?oluck407 8,two pr9cipal defects are f\nd 9 ! usual treatm5t ( ?is doctr9e3 fir/1 ! diff]5t aspects & relations ( ! k+dom ( ,god are by _m consid]$ z diff]5t mean+s ( ! ^w1 & are left /&+ side by side1 )\t any attempt to gr\nd _! unity 9 "s fundam5tal idea4 ,or1 secondly1 & /ill worse1 a s+le aspect ( ! t]m is tak5 up1 & ! re/ are :olly neglect$4 ,examples ( ! fir/ defect are to be f\nd 9 ,zw+le1 9 8 note to ,john #c3c4 7,"h ! k+dom ( ,god is consid]$ z div9e doctr9e & prea*+ ( ! gospel1 z 9 ,luke #ah2 sometimes x is tak5 = et]nal life1 ,matt4 #be2 ,luke #ad2 sometimes = ! *ur* & congregation ( ! fai?ful1 z ,matt4 #ac3bd47 ,! lat] lexicograph]s1 z ,s*leusn] & ,brets*neid]1 h n avoid$ ^! vague /atem5ts2 & ! la/ ( !m is p>ticul>ly defective 9 8 article on ?is phrase4 ,trahl m correctly sums up all ^! significations ( ! ^w ?us3 #8,happ9ess1 pres5t & future1 obta9$ ?r\gh ,*ri/4' ,b 9 ?is def9ition ! notion ( #8a k+dom' is omitt$4 ,! opposite defect ( tak+ only "o ( ! mean+s ( ! matt]1 to ! neglect ( ! re/1 is to be f\nd1 = example1 9 ,koppe & ,keil1 accord+ to :om ! expression relates m]ely to ! future reign ( ! ,messiah "o day to be e/abli%$4 8,our own explanation ( ?is expression />ts f ! phrase #8k+dom ( ,god1' :i* expla9s ! o!rs1 #8k+dom ( heav5' & #8k+dom ( ,*ri/4' ,we ?9k t ! fundam5tal idea has be5 grasp$ by none m correctly ?an by ,orig5 among ! anci5ts1 & by ,calv9 among ! re=m]s4 ,! phase ( ! idea pr9cipally dwelt ^u by ! ,*ur* ,fa!rs may be se5 9 _! explanation ( ! ?ird petition ( ! ,"l's ,pray]1 :i* ,augu/9e especially exam9es pr(\ndly4 ,mo/ ( !m und]/& by x ! realm ( glory1 ! future revelation ( ,*ri/4 ,orig5 alone1 9 8 book on ,pray]1 tak5 a m exact view ( ! subject4 ,9 l mann] ,calv91 9 8 ,comm5t>y on ! ,h>mony4 ,s ,lu!r1 9 8 f9e ,s]mon on ! ,k+dom ( ,god4 ,our own fundam5tal view we express ?us3 #8,a community 9 :i* ,god reigns1 n by =ce1 b by be+ obey$ freely f love1 & :i* is !re=e necess>ily unit$ 9 itself by mutual love4' ,! ,savi\r came ^u ! e>? to f\nd su* a community1 & s9ce x c only be completely e/abli%$ aft] he has conqu]$ all 8 enemies1 ?is k+dom ( ,*ri/ belongs 9 its p]fection to ! o!r _w40 #gj ,an em95t & le>n$ g5tleman told me ( ?is conv]sation :i* he _h ) a ,roman prie/3 8,:5 ! w9e ( ! ,eu*>i/ is consecrat$1 x becomes ! real blood ( ,*ri/--does x n80 ,prie/1 8,x does40 8,:at1 !n1 d y d ) t :i* rema9s 9 ! cup1 aft] communion80 ,prie/1 8,we dr9k x40 8,does n "s adh]e to ! glass80 ,prie/1 8,yes2 b we wa% ! glass40 8,:at d y d ) ! wat]80 ,prie/1 8,we dr9k x40 8,b mu/ !re n yet rema91 on ! napk91 ) :i* y wipe ! glass1 "s portion ( ! blood ( ,*ri/1 ev5 ?\gh x be an inf9itesimal portion80 ,prie/1 8,yes40 8,!n1 might x n happ5 t :5 ! napk9 is wa%$1 ?is portion ( ,*ri/'s blood may g into ! wat]1 & be p\r$ on ! gr\nd1 & be tak5 up by ! root ( a plant--say a cabbage4 ,w\ld1 !n1 ! fle% ( t cabbage conta91 or w\ld x n a portion ( ! blood ( ,*ri/80 #ga ,see1 9 ! ,new ,york 8,indep5d5t10 ,june #i1 #ahff1 ! acc\nt ( ! 8,recognition ( ,congregational ,*ur*es 9 ,philadelphia10 :]e ! exi/5ce ( ?is pr9ciple is admitt$ & def5d$ by "s em95t ,congregational m9i/]s2 admitt$ & deplor$ by o!rs4 #gb ,twe/51 8,vorlesung510 c41 vol ii41 p4 #baf4 ,he adds to ?is def9ition its ,lat9 =m1 9 :i* ! words 8c]ta9 *>act]i/ics0 /& 8c]tis *>act]ibus hypo/aticis40 #gc ,quot$ by ,s*lei]ma*]1 8,glaub5slehre10 #agj4 #gd ,see ! full discussions ( ^! t]ms 9 ,twe/5 7z above71 ,hase1 8,*ri/l4 ,glaub5slehre10 #ef4 ,/rauss1 8,*ri/l4 ,glaub5slehre10 vol4 i4 ,hase1 8,dogmatik10 c4 #ge ,dogmatik1 #bci4 #gf ,augu/9e 7de ,tr9it471 says1 8,"o life 9 man1 b ?ree faculties--memory1 intellig5ce1 w40 ,b h[ if ?is is bad psy*ology8 #gg ,erig5a1 8,! ,fa!r 9 ! s\l1 ! ,son 9 ! reason1 ! ,_s 9 ! s5se--?is makes ! mo/ lum9\s illu/ration40 #gh ,abel>d 7quot$ by ,/rauss74 #gi ,ri*>d ,/4 ,victor 7quot$ by ,hase71 8,!re c be no possible communion ( affection betwe5 a less numb] ?an ?ree p]sons40 ,s ,augu/9e1 8,cum aliquid amo1 tria sunt--ego1 et quod amo1 et ipse amor40 ,su* illu/rations are h>dly satisfactory at ! pres5t day4 ,poiret says ! ,fa!r is 8,deus a se10 ! ,son is 8,deus ex se10 ! ,holy ,_s 8,deus ad se reflu5s40 ,angelus ,silecius makes ! ,tr9ity a div9e kiss4 8,god kisses himself--! ,fa!r kisses1 ! ,son is kiss$1 ! ,_s is ! kiss40 #hj ,translat$ f ! ,lat9 9 ,hag5ba* 7,comp5d ( ! ,hi/ory ( ,doctr9es1 vol4 i4 p4 #bhi74 ,we agree ) ,/rauss1 :o says1 8,frwahr1 w] das ,symbolum ,quidcunque bes*wor5 hatte1 d] hatte die ,gesetze des m5s*li*5 ,d5k5s abges*wor540 ,s ! ,pa/or ,bo/ 7,le ,prote/antisme ,lib]al71 aft] giv+ ! ,cre$1 9 a some:at diff]5t =m1 adds1 8ubi insana faciunt1 my/]ium appellant40 #ha 8,incompreh5sible10 ,*ur* ( ,engl& ,liturgy4 #hb ,or 8ea* p]son by himself40 ,! ^w 9 ! ,lat9 is 8sigillatim10 a ^w n 9 mo/ ( ! diction>ies1 b 9 "s ( !m made equival5t to 8s+ulatim40 #hc ,t]tullian said1 we c call ,*ri/ 8,god0 :5 we speak ( him alone2 b if we m5tion him ) ! ,fa!r1 !n we mu/ call ! ,fa!r 8,god10 & call ,*ri/ only 8,"l40 8,= a ray ( light %9+ into a room1 we may call ! sun %9+ !re2 b if we speak ( ! sun at ! same "t1 !n we mu/ di/+ui% ! ray1 & call x n sun1 b sunbeam40 #hd ,! decrees ( ! ,c\ncil ( ,nice incl9$ to ,sabellianism4 ,! t]m 7( ! same ess5ce7 0 a ,sabellian t]m4 ,sabellianism c\ld1 9 fact1 /& mo/ ( ! te/s ( mod]n ,or?odoxy1 s9ce x ma9ta9s ?ree p]sons & "o ess5ce1 & 2 & ,s*lei]ma*]1 9 "o ( 8 mo/ elaborate treatises 7,ueb] d5 ,geg5satz zwis*5 d] ,sabellianis*5 und d] ,a?anasianis*5 ,vor/ellung von d] ,tr9itat4 ,!olog4 ,zeits*rift4 ,b]l91 #ahbb71 has s\ght to rehabilitate ,sabellianism4 ,moses ,/u>t translat$ ?is treatise1 & pla9ly advocat$ a simil> view4 ,hase 7,kir*5ges*i*te1 #ia7 def9es ! view ( ,sabellius z mak+ 8,fa!r1 ,son1 & ,_s ! diff]5t =ms ( revelation ( ! ,supreme ,unity unfold+ itself 9 ! _w hi/ory z ! ,triad40 ,p]haps 7see ,baur7 ! *ief peculi>ity ( ,sabellius is 9 mak+ ! ,triad beg9 & end ) ! process ( revelation4 ,! ,monad is ,god 9 himself3 ! ,triad is ,god 9 ! process ( self-revelation 7,baur1 8,*ri/li*e ,lehre von d] ,dreie9igkeit10 & 8,lehrbu* d] ,*ri/li*5 ,dogm5ges*i*te074 #he 8,dictum e/ tam5 tres p]son1 non ut illud dic]etur1 s$ ut ne tac]etur40 ,aug4 de4 ,tr941 quot$ by ,hase1 ,dog4 #bch4 #hf ,john ( ,damascus 7quot$ by ,twe/57 made 8 boa/ ( ,*ri/ianity1 t x unit$ :at 0 true 9 ,poly!ism ) :at 0 true 9 ,judaism4 8,f ! ,jews10 he says1 8we h ! on5ess ( nature1 f ! ,greeks ! di/9ction 9 hypo/ases40 #hg ,! sub/ance ( :at foll[s 9 ?is section1 appe>$ 9 ! 8,*ri/ian ,exam9]40 #hh ,! nature by :i* ! hea!n 8d ! ?+s conta9$ 9 ! law10 i4e41 obey ,god1 :i* is "h 7,rom4 #b3ae7 call$ 8! law writt5 9 ! he>t10 is 9 ,rom4 #g3bc call$ ! 8law ( ! m9d40 ,ol%aus5 7a suffici5tly ,or?odox comm5tator71 says1 8,x is :olly false to und]/& ( a m]e ideal possibility2 ! apo/le speaks evid5tly ( a real & actual ob$i5ce4 ,paul inf]s t1 because !re are actually pi\s hea!n1 !y mu/ h a law :i* !y obey40 ,ad locum4 #hi ,we h no room to ent] into an exam9ation ( ?is "q at ?is "t1 & c only give a g5]al /atem5t on ?is subject f "o ( ! au?orities :i* happ5s to be at h&3-- 8,all ! ,fa!rs0 7be=e ,augu/9e1 f\r? & fif? c5tury7 8diff]$ f ,augu/9e 9 attribut+ fre$om ( w to man 9 8 pres5t /ate4 ,?us ,ju/93 #8,e creat$ be+ is s con/itut$ z to be capable ( vice or virtue4' ,cyril ( ,j]usalem3 #8,"k t ?\ ha/ a s\l possess$ ( free w2 = ?\ do/ n s9 by bir? 7 71 nor by =tune1 b we s9 by free *oice4' ,all ! ,lat9 ,fa!rs also ma9ta9$ t free w 0 n lo/ aft] ! fall4 ,! ,fa!rs also d5i$ 9 "p1 t man is born infect$ ) ,adam's s94 ,?us ,a!nagoras says 9 8 ,apology1 #8,man is 9 a good /ate1 n only 9 respect to 8 ,creator1 b also 9 respect to 8 natural g5]ation4' 0--,wigg]s1 ,augu/9ism & ,pelagianism4 ,translat$ by ,rev4 ,ralph ,em]son1 ,pr(essor 9 ! ,!ological ,sem9>y1 ,&ov]1 ,mass4 #ij 8,abi ad ,jordonum1 et ,tr9itatem disce10 0 on e>ly notion4 #ia ,dr4 ,horace ,bu%nell1 a favorite au?ority ) ,dr4 ,hunt+ton1 :om ,dr4 ,hunt+ton quotes l>gely1 & ^: views he e>ne/ly recomm5ds1 gives u 8 te/imony to ?is po9t1 ?us 78,god 9 ,*ri/10 pp4 #acj1 #aca73-- 8,a v l>ge portion ( ,*ri/ian tea*]s1 toge!r ) ! g5]al mass ( disciples1 und\bt$ly hold ?ree real liv+ p]sons 9 ! int]ior nature ( ,god2 t is1 ?ree consci\snesses1 wills1 he>ts1 und]/&+s40 8,a v l>ge portion ( ,*ri/ian tea*]s0 hold1 !n1 to a belief 9 ?ree ,gods2 & ) !m is jo9$ 8! g5]al mass ( ! disciples40 ,! only ,unity held by ^! tea*]s is1 he goes on to say1 8a social ,unity40 ,fa!r1 ,son1 & ,holy ,gho/ are1 9 _! view1 socially unit$ only1 & preside 9 t way1 z a k9d ( cele/ial ,tri!ocracy1 ov] ! _w4 ,?is h]esy1 he says1 8because ( its cle> opposition to ,unit>ianism1 is c\nt$ safe1 & nev] treat$ z a h]esy40 ,t is1 ! ,*ri/ian ,*ur* all[s ! belief 9 ?ree ,gods1 & w n discipl9e ^? :o hold t op9ion2 b1 if y believe /rictly & only 9 "o ,god1 y _c be sav$6 #ib ,dr4 ,bu%nell goes on to say 7p4 #acc71 8,:ile ! ,unity is ?us confus$ & lo/ 9 ! ?re5ess1 p]haps ,i %\ld admit t ! ?re5ess sometimes appe>s to be cl\d$ or obscur$ by ! ,unity4 ,?us x is sometimes prote/$1 t 9 ! ^w1 #8p]son' no?+ is meant beyond a ?reefold di/9ction2 ?\gh x w always be obs]v$1 t no?+ is really meant by ! prote/ation2 t ! prote/] goes on to speak & to reason ( ! ?ree1 n z be+ only some:ats or di/9ctions1 b z metaphysical & real p]sons4444 ,inde$1 x is a some:at curi\s fact 9 !ology1 t ! class ( tea*]s :o prote/ ov] ! ^w #8p]son1' decl>+ t !y mean only a ?reefold di/9ction1 _c %[ t !re is really a hair's bread? ( diff]5ce betwe5 _! doctr9e & ! doctr9e ass]t$ by _m ( ! lat] ,unit>ians40 #ic 8,x has (t5 be5 ass]t$ & admitt$10 says ,tweat51 "o ( ! /ronge/ ( mod]n ,tr9it>ians1 8t ev5 ! pr9cipal notions ab\t :i* ! ,*ur* doctr9e turns are =eign to ! ,new ,te/am5t2 z & 1 & 1 & 407,twe/53 ,dogmatik1 vol4 ii4 p4 #bha47 #id 8,:o w v5ture to say t any ( ! def9itions h]et(ore giv5 ( p]sonality 9 ! ,godhead1 9 ,itself consid]$1--su* def9itions z h _! basis 9 ! ,nic5e or ,a?anasian ,cre$1--are intelligible & satisfactory to ! m9d8 ,at lea/1 ,i c truly say1 t ,i h n be5 able to f9d !m1 if !y d 9 fact exi/2 nor1 s f> z ,i "k1 has any "o be5 able1 by any comm5t>y on !m1 to make !m cle> & satisfactory40 7,pr(4 ,/u>t1 ,biblical ,repository1 ,april1 #ahce4 ,see ,wilson1 ,tr94 ,te/41 p4 #bgb47 #ie ,see ! cre$ 9 ,hag5ba* 7,hi/ory ( ,doct41 vol4 i4 p4 #bjh73 8 1 1 40 #if ,?us speaks ,dr4 ,bu%nell on ?is head 78,god 9 ,*ri/10 p4 #aci73-- 8,besides1 x is ano!r s\rce ( m5tal confusion1 connect$ ) ?is view ( ?ree metaphysical p]sons1 t1 ?\gh !y are all decl>$ to be inf9ite & equal1 !y really are n s4 ,! prop] deity ( ,*ri/ is n held 9 ?is view4 ,he is begott51 s5t1 support$1 direct$1 by ! ,fa!r1 9 su* a s5se z really annihilates 8 deity4 ,?is has be5 %[n 9 a truly se>*+ & conv9c+ mann] by ,s*lei]ma*]1 9 8 hi/orical essay on ! ,tr9ity2 &1 inde$1 y w see at x at a glance1 t ?is view ( a metaphysical ,tr9ity ( p]sons breaks d[n 9 ! v po9t :i* is commonly reg>d$ z its excell5ce--its ass]tion ( ! prop] deity ( ,*ri/40