,,essays ,,on ,,c5sor%ip ,,& ,,art   ,by
 ,john ,galswor?y              ,je v\s  
dirai que l'exces e/ t\j\rs un mal4     
--,,anatole ,,france    ,,table ,,(     
,,cont5ts3           ,,ab\t ,,c5sor%ip  
,,vague ,,?\ghts ,,on ,,art     ,,ab\t  
,,c5sor%ip  ,s9ce1 "t & aga91 x has be5 
prov$1 9 ?is c\ntry ( free in/itutions1 
t ! great majority ( our fell[-c\ntrym5 
consid] ! only ,c5sor%ip t n[ obta9s    
among/ u1 namely ! ,c5sor%ip ( ,plays1 a
 bulw>k = ! pres]vation ( _! com=t &    
s5sibility aga9/ ! spiritual rese>*es & 
speculations ( bold] & too active       
spirits--x has become "t to consid] :e!r
 we %\ld n s]i\sly ext5d a pr9ciple1 s  
grateful to ! majority1 to all our      
in/itutions4  ,= no "o c d5y t 9        
practice ! ,c5sor%ip ( ,drama works ) a 
smoo? swiftness--a lack ( delay &       
friction unexampl$ 9 any public (fice4  
,no tr\blesome publicity & t$i\s        
po/ponem5t = ! purpose ( appeal m> its  
effici5cy4  ,x is nei!r hamp]$ by ! ,law
 nor by ! sl[ process ( popul> election4

  ,welcom$ by ! ov]:elm+ majority ( !   
public2 object$ to only by su* p]sons z 
suff] f x1 & a negligible faction1 :o1  
w$d$ p$antically to lib]ty ( ! subject1 
are res5tful ( summ>y p[]s ve/$ 9 a s+le
 p]son responsible only to 8 own        
'consci5ce'--x is amaz+ly1 triumphantly1
 successful4  ,:y1 !n1 9 a democratic   
,/ate1 is s valuable a protector ( ! w1 
! int]e/s1 & pleasure ( ! majority n    
be/[$ on o!r bran*es ( ! public be+8    
,oppon5ts ( ! ,c5sor%ip ( ,plays h be5  
l$ by ! abs5ce ( su* o!r ,c5sor%ips to  
conclude t ?is ,(fice is an ar*aic      
survival1 p]si/+ into times t h outgr[n 
x4  ,!y h be5 kn[n to allege t ! reason 
( its survival is simply ! fact t       
,dramatic ,au?ors1 ^: reputation & means
 ( livelihood x ?reat5s1 h ev] be5 few 9
 numb] & poorly organis$--t ! reason1 9 
%ort1 is ! helplessness & weakness ( !  
int]e/s conc]n$4  ,we mu/ all combat )  
=ce su* an asp]sion on our ,legislature4
  ,c x ev5 = a second be suppos$ t a    
,/ate :i* gives trial by ,jury to !     

meane/1 poore/1 mo/ helpless ( its      
citiz5s1 & conc$es to ! greate/ crim9als
 ! "r ( appeal1 c\ld h deb>r$ a body (  
reputable m5 f ! ord9>y rights (        
citiz5%ip = s cynical a reason z t _!   
numb]s 7 small1 _! int]e/s unjo9$1 _!   
prote/s feeble8  ,su* a supposition 7   
intol]able6  ,we d n 9 ?is c\ntry       
deprive a class ( citiz5s ( _! ord9>y   
rights1 we d n place _! produce "u !    
irresponsible control ( "o n am5able to 
,law1 by any sort ( political accid5t6  
,t w\ld inde$ be to laugh at ,ju/ice 9  
?is ,k+dom6  ,t w\ld inde$ be cynical & 
uns\nd6  ,we mu/ nev] admit t !re is no 
basic ,ju/ice controll+ ! edifice ( our 
,civic ,rights4  ,we d1 we mu/1 conclude
 t a j & well-consid]$ pr9ciple und]lies
 ?is despotic ,in/itution2 = surely1    
else1 x w\ld n be suff]$ to survive = a 
s+le mom5t6  ,pom6  ,pom6  ,if1 !n1 !   
,c5sor%ip ( ,plays be j1 b5efic5t1 &    
bas$ on a well-consid]$ pr9ciple1 we mu/
 rightly inquire :at good & logical     
reason !re is = ! abs5ce ( ,c5sor%ip 9  

o!r dep>tm5ts ( ! national life4  ,if   
,c5sor%ip ( ! ,drama be 9 ! real int]e/s
 ( ! p1 or at all ev5ts 9 :at ! ,c5sor =
 ! "t be+ conceives to be _! int]e/--!n 
,c5sor%ips ( ,art1 ,lit]ature1          
,religion1 ,sci5ce1 & ,politics are 9 ! 
int]e/s ( ! p1 unless x c be prov$ t !re
 exi/s ess5tial diff]5ce betwe5 ! ,drama
 & ^! o!r bran*es ( ! public be+4  ,let 
u consid] :e!r !re is any su* ess5tial  
diff]5ce4  ,x is fact1 beyond dispute1 t
 e ye> numb]s ( books appe> :i* /ra9 !  
av]age read]'s intellig5ce &            
s5sibilities to an un5durable ext5t2    
books ^: speculations are totally       
unsuit$ to normal ?9k+ p[]s2 books :i*  
conta9 views ( morality div]g5t f !     
cu/om>y1 & discussions ( !mes unsuit$ to
 ! "y p]son2 books :i*1 9 f9e1 provide !
 great] ,public ) no pleasure :atsoev]1 
&1 ei!r by h>r[+ _! feel+s or (f5d+ _!  
good ta/e1 cause !m real pa94  ,x is    
true t1 precisely z 9 ! case ( ,plays1 !
 ,public are protect$ by a vigilant &   
critical ,press f works ( ?is           

description2 t1 fur!r1 !y are protect$  
by ! comm]cial in/9ct ( ! ,libr>ies1 :o 
w n /ock an article :i* may (f5d _!     
cu/om]s--j z1 9 ! case ( ,plays1 !      
,public are protect$ by ! common-s5se ( 
!atrical ,manag]s2 t1 f9ally1 !y are    
protect$ by ! ,police & ! ,common ,law (
 ! l&4  ,b despite all ^! protections1 x
 is no uncommon ?+ = an av]age citiz5 to
 pur*ase "o ( ^! di/urb+ or dubi\s      
books4  ,has he1 on discov]+ its true   
nature1 ! "r to call on ! booksell] to  
refund its value8  ,he has n4  ,& ?us he
 runs a dang] obviat$ 9 ! case ( !      
,drama :i* has ! protection ( a         
prud5tial ,c5sor%ip4  ,= ?is reason     
alone1 h[ mu* bett]1 !n1 t !re %\ld exi/
 a pat]nal au?ority 7"s1 no d\bt1 w call
 x gr&-mat]nal--b sne]s mu/ n be        
conf\nd$ ) argum5t7 to suppress ^! books
 be=e appe>ance1 & safegu>d u f ! dang] 
( buy+ & possibly read+ undesirable or  
pa9ful lit]ature6  ,a speci\s reason1   
h[ev]1 is advanc$ = exempt+ ,lit]ature f
 ! ,c5sor%ip accord$ to ,plays4  ,he--x 

is said--:o att5ds ! p]=mance ( a play1 
att5ds x 9 public1 :]e 8 feel+s may be  
h>r[$ & 8 ta/e (f5d$1 *eek by j[l )     
boys1 or wom5 ( all ages2 x may ev5     
*ance t he has tak5 to ?is ent]ta9m5t 8 
wife1 or ! "y p]sons ( 8 h\sehold4      
,he--on ! o!r h&--:o reads a book1 reads
 x 9 privacy4  ,true2 b ! wield] ( ?is  
argum5t has clasp$ 8 f+]s r\nd a        
two-edg$ blade4  ,! v fact t ! book has 
no mix$ audi5ce removes f ,lit]ature an 
elem5t :i* is ev] ! greate/ *eck on     
lic5ti\sness 9 ,drama4  ,no manag] ( a  
!atre1--a man ( ! _w engag$ 9 !         
acquisition ( 8 livelihood1 unless      
gu>ante$ by ! lic5se ( ! ,c5sor1 d>e    
risk ! pres5tm5t be=e a mix$ audi5ce ( t
 :i* might cause an 'emeute' among 8    
cli5ts4  ,x has1 inde$1 always be5      
obs]v$ t ! !atrical manag]1 almo/ )\t   
exception1 ?\ghtfully recoils f !       
responsibility t w\ld be ?ru/ on him by 
! abolition ( ! ,c5sor%ip4  ,! fe> ( !  
mix$ audi5ce is ev] susp5d$ above 8     
head4  ,no su* fe> ?reat5s ! publi%]1 :o

 displays 8 w>es to "o man at a "t4  ,& 
= ?is v reason ( ! mix$ audi5ce2        
p]petually & p]v]sely cit$ to ! contr>y 
by su* z h no firm grasp ( ?is matt]1   
!re is a great] necessity = a ,c5sor%ip 
on ,lit]ature ?an = "o on ,plays4       
,fur!r1 if !re 7 b a ,c5sor%ip (        
,lit]ature1 no matt] h[ dubi\s ! books t
 7 all[$ to pass1 ! consci5ce ( no read]
 ne$ ev] be tr\bl$4  ,=1 t ! p]fect re/ 
( ! public consci5ce is ! fir/ result ( 
,c5sor%ip1 is prov$ to c]ta9ty by !     
protect$ ,drama1 s9ce _m dubi\s plays   
are ye>ly put be=e ! play-go+ ,public   
)\t t5d+ 9 any way to di/urb a          
complac5cy eng5d]$ by ! security f h>m  
gu>ante$ by ?is b5efic5t1 if despotic1  
,in/itution4  ,pundits :o1 to ! discom=t
 ( ! populace1 fo/] ?is exemption (     
,lit]ature f discipl9e1 cl+ to !        
old-fa%ion$ notion t ulc]s %\ld be      
enc\rag$ to dis*>ge !mselves ^u !       
surface1 in/ead ( be+ quietly & dec5tly 
driv5 into ! sy/em & all[$ to fe/] !re4 
,! rema9+ plea = exempt+ ,lit]ature f   

,c5sor%ip1 put =w>d by unreflect+       
p]sons3 ,t x w\ld require too _m        
,c5sors--besides be+ unwor?y1 is1 on !  
face ( x1 errone\s4 ,special te/s h nev]
 be5 ?\ght necess>y 9 appo9t+ ,exam9]s (
 ,plays4  ,!y w\ld1 inde$1 n only be    
unnecess>y1 b positively dang]\s1 see+ t
 ! ess5tial function ( ,c5sor%ip is     
protection ( ! ord9>y prejudices & =ms (
 ?\ght4  ,!re w\ld1 !n1 be no difficulty
 9 secur+ tomorr[ z _m ,c5sors (        
,lit]ature z might be necess>y 7say     
tw5ty or ?irty72 s9ce all t w\ld be     
requir$ ( ea* "o ( !m w\ld be t he %\ld 
secretly ex]cise1 9 8 uncontroll$       
discretion1 8 individual ta/e4  ,9 a ^w1
 ?is ,free ,lit]ature ( ours protects   
advanc+ ?\ght & speculation2 & ^? :o    
believe 9 civic fre$om subject only to  
,common ,law1 & esp\se ! cause ( free   
lit]ature1 are *ampion+ a sy/em :i* is  
ess5tially undemocratic1 ess5tially     
inimical to ! w ( ! majority1 :o h      
c]ta9ly no desire = any su* ?+s z       
advanc+ ?\ght & speculation4  ,su*      

p]sons1 inde$1 m]ely hold ! fai? t ! ,p1
 z a :ole1 unprotect$ by ! despotic     
judgm5ts ( s+le p]sons1 h en\gh /r5g? & 
wisdom to "k :at is & :at is n h>mful to
 !mselves4  ,!y put _! tru/ 9 a ,public 
,press & a ,common ,law1 :i* d]iv+ f !  
,consci5ce ( ! ,c\ntry1 is op5ly        
adm9i/]$ & )9 ! rea* ( all4  ,h[ absurd1
 h[ inadequate ?is all is we see f !    
exi/5ce ( ! ,c5sor%ip on ,drama4  ,hav+ 
obs]v$ t !re is no reason :atev] = !    
exemption ( ,lit]ature1 let u n[ turn to
 ! case ( ,art4  ,e picture hung 9 a    
gall]y1 e /atue plac$ on a p$e/al1 is   
expos$ to ! public />e ( a mix$ company4
  ,:y1 !n1 h we no ,c5sor%ip to protect 
u f ! possibility ( enc\nt]+ works t br+
 blu%es to ! *eek ( ! "y p]son8  ,!     
reason _c be t ! proprietors ( ,gall]ies
 are m wor?y ( tru/ ?an ! manag]s (     
,!atres2 ?is w\ld be to make an odi\s   
di/9ction :i* ^? v ,manag]s :o uphold ! 
,c5sor%ip ( ,plays w\ld be ! fir/ to    
res5t4  ,x is true t ,societies ( arti/s
 & ! proprietors ( ,gall]ies are subject

 to ! prosecution ( ! ,law if !y (f5d   
aga9/ ! ord9>y /&>ds ( public dec5cy2 b 
precisely ! same liability atta*es to   
!atrical manag]s & proprietors (        
,!atres1 9 ^: case x has be5 f\nd       
necess>y & b5eficial to add ! ,c5sor%ip4
  ,& 9 ?is connection let x once m be   
not$ h[ mu* m easily ! ord9>y /&>ds (   
public dec5cy c be assess$ by a s+le    
p]son responsible to no "o1 ?an by !    
clumsy 7if m op57 process ( public      
prote/4 ,:at1 !n1 9 ! light ( ! prov$   
ju/ice & effici5cy ( ! ,c5sor%ip (      
,drama1 is ! reason = ! abs5ce ( !      
,c5sor%ip ( ,art8  ,! m closely ! matt] 
is reg>d$1 ! m pla9 x is1 t !re is none6
  ,at any mom5t we may h to look ^u "s  
pa9t+1 or contemplate "s /atue1 z       
tragic1 he>t-r5d+1 & dubi\sly delicate 9
 !me z t c5sur$ play ,! ,c5ci1 by "o    
,%elley2 z dang]\s to prejudice1 &      
sugge/ive ( new ?\ght z ! c5sur$ ,gho/s1
 by "o ,ibs54  ,let u prote/ aga9/ ?is  
p]il susp5d$ ov] our heads1 & dem& !    
imm$iate appo9tm5t ( a s+le p]son n     

select$ = any pret5ti\sly arti/ic       
feel+s1 b end[$ ) summ>y p[]s (         
prohibit+ ! exhibition1 9 public        
gall]ies or places1 ( su* works z he    
%all deem1 9 8 uncontroll$ discretion1  
unsuit$ to av]age intellig5ce or        
s5sibility4  ,let u dem& x 9 ! int]e/1 n
 only ( ! "y p]son1 b ( ^? :ole sections
 ( ! community :i* _c be expect$ to take
 an int]e/ 9 ,art1 & to :om ! purpose1  
speculations1 & a*ievem5ts ( great      
arti/s1 work+ n only = to-day b =       
to-morr[1 mu/ naturally be d>k riddles4 
,let u ev5 require t ?is (ficial %\ld be
 emp[]$ to ord] ! de/ruction ( ! works  
:i* he has deem$ unsuit$ to av]age      
intellig5ce & s5sibility1 le/ _!        
creators %\ld1 by private sale1 make a  
pr(it out ( !m1 su* z1 9 ! nature ( !   
case1 ,dramatic ,au?ors are deb>r$ f    
mak+ out ( plays :i*1 hav+ be5 c5sur$1  
_c be play$ = money4  ,let u ask ?is )  
confid5ce2 = x is n compatible ) common 
ju/ice t !re %\ld be any fav\r+ ( ,pa9t]
 ov] ,playwright4  ,!y are bo?          

arti/s--let !m bo? be measur$ by ! same 
la/6  ,b let u n[ consid] ! case (      
,sci5ce4  ,x w n1 inde$ _c1 be cont5d$ t
 ! inve/igations ( sci5tific m51 :e!r   
committ$ to writ+ or to spee*1 are      
always suit$ to ! ta/e & capacities (   
our g5]al public4  ,!re 01 = example1 ! 
well-kn[n doctr9e ( ,evolution1 ! tea*+s
 ( ,*>les ,d>w9 & ,alfr$ ,russet        
,wallace1 :o ga!r$ up c]ta9 facts1      
hi!rto b vaguely kn[n1 into pres5tm5ts1 
irrev]5t & />tl+1 :i*1 at ! "t1 pr(\ndly
 di/urb$ e normal m9d4  ,n only did     
religion1 z !n accept$1 suff] 9 ?is     
cataclysm1 b our ta/e & feel+ 7         
inexpressibly %ock$ by ! discov]y1 s    
emphasis$ by ,?omas ,h5ry ,huxley1 (    
,man's desc5t f ,apes4  ,x 0 felt1 & is 
felt by _m to ?is day1 t ! advancem5t ( 
t !ory grossly & dang]\sly violat$ e    
canon ( dec5cy4 ,:at pa91 !n1 might h   
be5 av]t$1 :at f>-rea*+ consequ5ces &   
incalculable subv]sion ( primitive fai?s
 *eck$1 if "s judici\s ,c5sor (         
sci5tific ?\ght _h exi/$ 9 ^? days to   

dem&1 9 accordance ) 8 private e/imate (
 ! w & temp] ( ! majority1 ! suppression
 ( ! doctr9e ( ,evolution4  ,innum]able 
inve/igations ( sci5ti/s on subjects su*
 z ! date ( ! _w's creation1 h f "t to  
"t be5 summ>is$ & inconsid]ately sprung 
on a ,public %ock$ & />tl$ by !         
revelation t facts :i* !y 7 accu/om$ to 
rev]e 7 conspicu\sly at fault4  ,s1 too1
 9 ! range ( m$ic9e1 x w\ld be difficult
 to cite any radical discov]y 7su* z !  
prev5tive p[] ( vacc9ation71 ^: un*eck$ 
publication has n violat$ ! prejudices &
 di/urb$ ! imm$iate com=t ( ! common    
m9d4  ,_h ^! discov]ies be5 judici\sly  
suppress$1 or p>$ away to suit :at a    
,c5sor%ip conceiv$ to be ! popul> palate
 ( ! "t1 all ?is di/urbance & discom=t  
might h be5 avoid$4  ,x w d\btless be   
cont5d$ 7= !re are no su* viol5t        
oppon5ts ( ,c5sor%ip z ^? :o are ?reat5$
 ) ! same7 t to comp>e a mom5t\s        
disclosure1 su* z ! doctr9e (           
,evolution1 to a m]e drama1 7           
unpr(itable4  ,! answ] to ?is ung5]\s   

cont5tion is =tunately pla94  ,_h a     
judici\s ,c5sor%ip exi/$ ov] our        
sci5tific matt]s1 su* z = two hundr$    
ye>s has exi/$ ov] our ,drama1 sci5tific
 discov]ies w\ld h be5 no m di/urb+ &   
mom5t\s ?an ^? :i* we are accu/om$ to   
see made on our nicely prun$ & tutor$   
/age4 ,= n only w\ld ! m dang]\s &      
p5etrat+ sci5tific tru?s h be5 c>efully 
de/roy$ at bir?1 b sci5ti/s1 aw>e t !   
results ( inve/igations (f5sive to      
accept$ notions w\ld be suppress$1 w\ld 
long h ceas$ to wa/e _! "t 9 se>* ( a k 
repugnant to av]age intellig5ce1 & ?us  
=$oom$1 & h occupi$ !mselves ) s]vices m
 agreeable to ! public ta/e1 su* z !    
r$iscov]y ( tru?s already kn[n &        
publi%$4  ,indissolubly connect$ ) !    
desirability ( a ,c5sor%ip ( ,sci5ce1 is
 ! ne$ = ,religi\s ,c5sor%ip4  ,= 9 ?is1
 assur$ly n ! lea/ important dep>tm5t ( 
! nation's life1 we are witness+ week by
 week & ye> by ye>1 :at 9 ! light ( !   
security gu>ante$ by ! ,c5sor%ip (      
,drama1 we are ju/ifi$ 9 t]m+ an al>m+  

spectacle4  ,?\s&s ( m5 are lic5s$ to   
proclaim f _! pulpits1 ,sunday aft]     
,sunday1 _! individual beliefs1 q       
reg>dless ( ! settl$ convictions ( !    
masses ( _! congregations4  ,x is true1 
inde$1 t ! va/ majority ( s]mons 7l !   
va/ majority ( plays7 are1 & w always   
be1 h>moni\s ) ! feel+s--( ! av]age     
citiz52 = nei!r prie/ nor playwright h  
cu/om>ily any su* peculi> gift (        
spiritual d>+ z might r5d] !m unsafe    
m5tors ( _! fell[s2 & !re is n want+ !  
det]r5t ( common-s5se to keep !m 9      
b\nds4  ,yet x c h>dly be d5i$ t !re    
spr+ up at times m5--l ,john ,wesley or 
,g5]al ,boo?--( su* incurable temp]am5t 
z to be capable ( abus+ _! fre$om by !  
promulgation ( doctr9e or proc$ure1     
div]g5t f ! curr5t traditions (         
religion4  ,nor mu/ x be =gott5 t       
s]mons1 l plays1 are address$ to a mix$ 
audi5ce ( families1 & t ! spiritual     
tea*+s ( a lifetime may be de/roy$ by t5
 m9utes ( unc5sor$ pron\ncem5t f a      
pulpit1 ! :ile p>5ts are sitt+1 n1 z 9 a

 !atre ve/$ ) ! "r ( prote/1 b dumb &   
excoriat$ to ! s\l1 wat*+ _! *ildr51    
p]haps ( t5d] age1 eag]ly dr9k+ 9 words 
at v>iance ) t :i* !y !mselves h be5 at 
su* pa9s to in/il4  ,if a set (         
,c5sors--= x w\ld1 z 9 ! case (         
,lit]ature1 indubitably require m ?an "o
 7p]haps "o hundr$ & eighty1 b1 =       
reasons already giv51 !re %\ld be no    
difficulty :atev] 9 procur+ !m7 end[$ ) 
! swift p[]s conf]r$ by fre$om f ! dull 
t$ium ( responsibility1 & n rem>kable = 
religi\s temp]am5t1 7 appo9t$1 to :om   
all s]mons & public addresses on        
religi\s subjects mu/ be submitt$ be=e  
deliv]y1 & ^: duty aft] p]usal %\ld be  
to excise all portions n con=mable to _!
 private ideas ( :at 0 at ! mom5t       
suitable to ! ,public's e>s1 we %\ld be 
f> on ! road t[>d t prop] pres]vation ( 
! /atus quo s desirable if ! fai?s &    
e?ical /&>ds ( ! less exub]antly        
spiritual masses are to be ma9ta9$ 9 _! 
full bloom4 ,z ?+s n[ /&1 ! nation has  
absolutely no?+ to safegu>d x aga9/     

religi\s progress4  ,we h se51 !n1 t    
,c5sor%ip is at lea/ z necess>y ov]     
,lit]ature1 ,art1 ,sci5ce1 & ,religion z
 x is ov] our ,drama4  ,we h n[ to call 
att5tion to ! cr[n+ ne$--! want ( a     
,c5sor%ip 9 ,politics4  ,if ,c5sor%ip be
 bas$ on ju/ice1 if x be prov$ to s]ve !
 ,public & to be successful 9 its lonely
 vigil ov] ,drama1 x %\ld1 & logically  
mu/ be1 ext5d$ to all p>allel cases2 x  
_c1 x d>e n1 /op %ort at--,politics4    
,=1 precisely 9 ?is supreme bran* ( !   
public life are we mo/ m5ac$ by ! rule &
 lic5se ( ! lead+ _s4  ,to appreciate   
?is fact1 we ne$ only exam9e !          
,con/itution ( ! ,h\se ( ,commons4  ,six
 hundr$ & sev5ty p]sons *os5 f a        
population numb]+ f\r & =ty millions1   
mu/ necess>ily1 :atev] _! individual    
defects1 be citiz5s ( m ?an av]age      
ent]prise1 res\rce1 & resolution4 ,!y   
are elect$ = a p]iod t may la/ five     
ye>s4  ,_m ( !m are ambiti\s2 "s        
uncompromis+2 n a few en?usia/ically    
eag] to d some?+ = _! c\ntry2 fill$ )   

designs & aspirations = national or     
social bett]m5t1 ) :i* ! masses1 sunk 9 
! imm$iate pursuits ( life1 c 9 ! nature
 ( ?+s h little sympa?y4  ,& yet we f9d 
^! m5 lic5s$ to p\r =? at pleasure1 be=e
 mix$ audi5ces1 *eck$ only by ,common   
,law & ,common ,s5se political utt]ances
 :i* may h ! grave/1 ! mo/ t]rific      
consequ5ces2 utt]ances :i* may at any   
mom5t let loose revolution1 or plunge ! 
c\ntry into w>2 :i* (t51 z a fact1      
excite an utt] dete/ation1 t]ror1 &     
mi/ru/2 or %ock ! mo/ sacr$ dome/ic &   
propriet>y convictions 9 ! brea/s ( va/ 
majorities ( _! fell[-c\ntrym56  ,& we  
incur ?is appall+ risk = ! want ( a     
s+le1 or at ! mo/1 a h&ful ( ,c5sors1   
inve/$ ) a simple b limitless discretion
 to excise or to suppress entirely su*  
political utt]ances z may seem to _!    
private judgm5ts calculat$ to cause pa9 
or moral di/urbance 9 ! av]age man4  ,! 
masses1 x is true1 h _! protection &    
rem$y aga9/ injudici\s or inflammatory  
politicians 9 ! ,law & ! s-call$        

democratic process ( election2 b we h   
se5 t !atre audi5ces h also ! protection
 ( ! ,law1 & ! rem$y ( boycott1 & t 9 _!
 case1 ?is protection & ?is rem$y are n 
deem$ en\gh4  ,:at1 !n1 %all we say ( ! 
case ( ,politics1 :]e ! dang]s att5d+   
inflammatory or subv]sive utt]ance are  
great] a million fold1 & ! rem$y a ?\s& 
times less exp$iti\s8  ,our ,legislators
 h laid d[n ,c5sor%ip z ! basic pr9ciple
 ( ,ju/ice und]ly+ ! civic rights (     
dramati/s4  ,!n1 let ,c5sor%ip = all be 
_! motto1 & ?is c\ntry no long] be ridd5
 & de/roy$ by free ,in/itutions6  ,let  
!m n only e/abli% =?) ,c5sor%ips (      
,lit]ature1 ,art1 ,sci5ce1 & ,religion1 
b also place !mselves b5ea? ! regim5 )  
:i* !y h calmly fett]$ ,dramatic        
,au?ors4  ,!y _c deem x becom+ to _!    
reg>d = ju/ice1 to _! hon\r2 to _! s5se 
( hum\r1 to recoil f a re/riction :i*1 9
 a p>allel case !y h impos$ on o!rs4  ,x
 is an old & homely say+ t good (fic]s  
nev] place _! m5 9 positions !y w\ld n  
!mselves be will+ to fill4  ,& we are n 

entitl$ to believe t our ,legislators1  
hav+ set ,dramatic ,au?ors :]e !y h be5 
set1 w--n[ t _! duty is made pla9--= a  
mom5t hesitate to /ep d[n & /&          
alongside4  ,b if by any *ance !y %\ld  
recoil1 & ?us make answ]3 ,we are ready 
at all times to submit to ! ,law & !    
,p's w1 & to b[ to _! dem&s1 b we _c &  
mu/ n be ask$ to place our call+1 our   
duty1 & our hon\r b5ea? ! irresponsible 
rule ( an arbitr>y autocrat1 h[ev]      
sympa!tic ) ! g5]ality he may *ance to  
be6  ,!n1 we w\ld ask3 ,sirs1 did y ev] 
he> ( t great say+3 ',d unto o!rs z ye  
w\ld !y %\ld d unto y6'  ,= x is b fair 
presumption t ! ,dramati/s1 :om our     
,legislators h plac$ 9 bondage to a     
despot1 are1 no less ?an ^?             
,legislators1 pr\d ( _! call+1 consci\s 
( _! duty1 & jeal\s ( _! hon\r4 #aiji4  
,,vague ,,?\ghts ,,on ,,art  ,x 0 on a  
day ( r>e beauty t ,i w5t out into !    
fields to try & ga!r ^! few ?\ghts4  ,s 
gold5 & sweetly hot x 01 t !y came      
lazily1 & ) a flight no m coh]5t or     

responsible ?an ! swoop ( ! v swall[s2  
&1 z 9 a play or poem1 ! result is      
condition$ by ! conceiv+ mood1 s ,i knew
 w\ld be ! nature ( my div+1 dipp+1     
pale-?roat$1 =k-tail$ words4  ,b1 aft]  
all--,i ?\ght1 sitt+ !re--,i ne$ n take 
my critical pron\ncem5ts s]i\sly4  ,i h 
n ! firm s\l ( ! critic4  ,x is n my    
pr(ession to "k '?+s = c]ta91 & to make 
o!rs feel t c]ta9ty4  ,on ! contr>y1 ,i 
am (t5 wrong--a luxury no critic c af=d4
  ,& s1 invad+ z ,i 0 ! realm ( o!rs1 ,i
 advanc$ ) a light p51 feel+ t none1 &  
lea/ ( all myself1 ne$ expect me to be  
"r4  ,:at !n--,i ?\ght--is ,art8  ,= ,i 
p]ceiv$ t to ?9k ab\t x ,i mu/ fir/     
def9e x2 & ,i almo/ /opp$ ?9k+ at all   
be=e ! fe>some nature ( t task4  ,!n    
sl[ly 9 my m9d ga!r$ ?is gr\p ( words3  
,art is t imag9ative expression ( human 
en]gy1 :i*1 ?r\gh te*nical concretion ( 
feel+ & p]ception1 t5ds to reconcile !  
individual ) ! univ]sal1 by excit+ 9 him
 imp]sonal emotion4 ,& ! greate/ ,art is
 t :i* excites ! greate/ imp]sonal      

emotion 9 an hypo!cat$ p]fect human be+4
  ,imp]sonal emotion6  ,& :at--,i ?\ght 
d ,i mean by t8  ,surely ,i mean3 ,t is 
n ,art1 :i*1 :ile ,i1 am contemplat+ x1 
inspires me ) any active or directive   
impulse2 t is ,art1 :51 = h[ev] brief a 
mom5t1 x replaces )9 me int]e/ 9 myself 
by int]e/ 9 itself4  ,=1 let me suppose 
myself 9 ! pres5ce ( a c>v$ m>ble ba?4  
,if my ?\ghts be ,:at c\ld ,i buy t =8  
,impulse ( acquisition2 or3 ,f :at qu>ry
 did x come8  ,impulse ( inquiry2 or3   
,:i* w\ld be ! "r end = my head8  ,mix$ 
impulse ( inquiry & acquisition--,i am  
at t mom5t ins5sible to x z a "w ( ,art4
  ,b1 if ,i /& be=e x vibrat+ at sight (
 its col\r & =ms1 if ev] s little & =   
ev] s %ort a "t1 unhaunt$ by any def9ite
 practical ?\ght or impulse--to t ext5t 
& = t mom5t x has /ol5 me away out (    
myself & put itself !re in/ead2 has l9k$
 me to ! univ]sal by mak+ me =get !     
individual 9 me4  ,& = t mom5t1 & only  
:ile t mom5t la/s1 x is to me a "w (    
,art4  ,! ^w imp]sonal1 !n1 is b us$ 9  

?is my def9ition to signify mom5t>y     
=getfulness ( "o's own p]sonality & its 
active wants4  ,s ,art--,i ?\ght--is t  
:i*1 he>d1 read1 or look$ on1 :ile      
produc+ no directive impulse1 w>ms "o ) 
unconsci\s vibration4 ,nor c ,i imag9e  
any means ( def9+ :at is ! greate/ ,art1
 )\t hypo!cat+ a p]fect human be+4  ,b  
s9ce we %all nev] see1 or "k if we d    
see1 t desirable creature--dogmatism is 
bani%$1 ,academy is dead to !           
discussion1 dead] ?an ev5 ,tol/oy left x
 aft] 8 fam\s treatise ,:at is ,art8    
,=1 hav+ de/roy$ all ! old ,judges &    
,academies1 ,tol/oy1 by say+ t ! greate/
 ,art 0 t :i* appeal$ to ! greate/ numb]
 ( liv+ human be+s1 rais$ up ! masses ( 
mank9d to be a def9ite new ,judge or    
,academy1 z tyrannical & n>r[ z ev] 7 ^?
 :om he _h de/roy$4  ,?is1 at all       
ev5ts--,i ?\ght is z f> z ,i d>e g 9    
def9+ :at ,art is4  ,b let me try to    
make pla9 to myself :at is ! ess5tial   
quality t gives to ,art ! p[] ( excit+  
?is unconsci\s vibration1 ?is imp]sonal 

emotion4  ,x has be5 call$ ,beauty6  ,an
 awkw>d ^w--a p]petual begg+ ( ! "q2 too
 curr5t 9 use1 too ambigu\s altoge!r2 n[
 too n>r[1 n[ too wide--a ^w1 9 fact1   
too glib to "k at all :at x means4  ,&  
h[ dang]\s a ^w--(t5 mislead+ u into    
slabb+ ) extrane\s floridities :at w\ld 
o!rwise1 on its own plane1 be ,art6  ,to
 be decorative :]e decoration is n      
suitable1 to be lyrical :]e lyricism is 
out ( place1 is assur$ly to spoil ,art1 
n to a*ieve x4  ,b ?is ess5tial quality 
( ,art has also1 & m happily1 be5 call$ 
,rhy?m4  ,&1 :at is ,rhy?m if n t       
my/]i\s h>mony betwe5 "p & "p1 & "p &   
:ole1 :i* gives :at is call$ life2 t    
exact proportion1 ! my/]y ( :i* is be/  
grasp$ 9 obs]v+ h[ life leaves an       
animate creature :5 ! ess5tial relation 
( "p to :ole has be5 suffici5tly        
di/urb$4  ,& ,i agree t ?is rhy?mic     
relation ( "p to "p1 & "p to :ole--9    
%ort1 vitality--is ! "o quality         
insep>able f a "w ( ,art4  ,= no?+ :i*  
does n seem to a man possess$ ( ?is     

rhy?mic vitality1 c ev] /eal him out (  
himself4  ,& hav+ got ?us f> 9 my       
?\ghts1 ,i paus$1 wat*+ ! swall[s2 = !y 
seem$ to me ! symbol1 9 _! swift1 sure  
curvett+1 all d>+ & balance & surprise1 
( ! delicate poise & motion ( ,art1 t   
visits no two m5 alike1 9 a _w :]e no   
two ?+s ( all ! ?+s !re be1 are q !     
same4  ,yes--,i ?\ght--& ?is ,art is !  
"o =m ( human en]gy 9 ! :ole _w1 :i*    
really works = union1 & de/roys ! b>ri]s
 betwe5 man & man4  ,x is ! cont9ual1   
unconsci\s replacem5t1 h[ev] fleet+1 (  
oneself by ano!r2 ! real cem5t ( human  
life2 ! ev]la/+ refre%m5t & r5ewal4  ,=1
 :at is griev\s1 dompt+1 grim1 ab\t our 
lives is t we are %ut up )9 ourselves1 )
 an it* to get outside ourselves4  ,& to
 be /ol5 away f ourselves by ,art is a  
mom5t>y relaxation f t it*+1 a m9ute's  
pr(\nd1 & z x 7 secret1 enfran*isem5t4  
,! active amusem5ts & relaxations ( life
 c only re/ c]ta9 ( our faculties1 by   
indulg+ o!rs2 ! :ole self is nev] re/$  
save ?r\gh t unconsci\sness ( self1 :i* 

comes ?r\gh rapt contemplation ( ,nature
 or ( ,art4  ,& sudd5ly ,i rememb]$ t "s
 believe t ,art does n produce          
unconsci\sness ( self1 b r v vivid      
self-realisation4  ,ah6 b--,i ?\gh--t is
 n ! fir/ & in/ant effect ( ,art2 ! new 
impetus is ! aft] effect ( t mom5t>y    
replacem5t ( oneself by ! self ( ! "w   
be=e u2 x is surely ! result ( t brief  
span ( enl>gem5t1 enfran*isem5t1 & re/4 
,yes1 ,art is ! great & univ]sal        
refre%m5t4  ,= ,art is nev] dogmatic2   
holds no brief = itself y may take x or 
y may leave x4 ,x does n =ce itself     
rudely :]e x is n want$4  ,x is rev]5t  
to all temp]s1 to all po9ts ( view4  ,b 
x is wilful--! v w9d 9 ! com+s & go+s ( 
its influ5ce1 an uncapturable fugitive1 
visit+ our he>ts at vagrant1 sweet      
mom5ts2 s9ce we (t5 /& ev5 be=e !       
greate/ works ( ,art )\t be+ able q to  
lose ourselves6  ,t re/ful oblivion     
comes1 we nev] q "k :5--& x is gone6  ,b
 :5 x comes1 x is a _s hov]+ ) cool w+s1
 bless+ u f lea/ to greate/1 accord+ to 

our p[]s2 a _s dea?less & v>i$ z human  
life itself4  ,& 9 :at sort ( age--,i   
?\ght--are arti/s liv+ n[8  ,are        
conditions fav\rable8  ,life is v       
multiple2 full ( movem5ts1 facts1 &     
news2 ) ! limelight t]ribly turn$ on--& 
all ?is is adv]se to ! arti/4  ,yet1    
leisure is abundant2 ! facilities = /udy
 great2 ,lib]ty is respect$--m or less4 
,b1 !re is "o great reason :y1 9 ?is age
 ( ours1 ,art1 x seems1 mu/ fl\ri%4  ,=1
 j z cross-bre$+ 9 ,nature--if x be n   
too viol5t--(t5 gives an extra vitality 
to ! (fspr+1 s does cross-bre$+ (       
philosophies make = vitality 9 ,art4  ,i
 _c help ?9k+ t hi/orians1 look+ back f 
! f> future1 w record ?is age z ! ,?ird 
,r5aissance4  ,we :o are lo/ 9 x1 work+ 
or look+ on1 c nei!r tell :at we are    
do+1 nor :]e /&+2 b we _c help obs]v+1  
t1 j z 9 ! ,greek ,r5aissance1 worn-out 
,pagan or?odoxy 0 p5etrat$ by new       
philosophy2 j z 9 ! ,italian            
,r5aissance1 ,pagan philosophy1 reass]t+
 itself1 f]tilis$ aga9 an already too   

inbr$ ,*ri/ian cre$2 s n[ ,or?odoxy     
f]tilis$ by ,sci5ce is produc+ a fre% & 
full] conception ( life--a1 love (      
,p]fection1 n = hope ( rew>d1 n = fe> ( 
puni%m5t1 b = ,p]fection's sake4 ,sl[ly1
 "u our feet1 b5ea? our consci\sness1 is
 =m+ t new philosophy1 & x is 9 times ( 
new philosophies t ,art1 itself 9 ess5ce
 always a discov]y1 mu/ fl\ri%4  ,^? ^: 
sacr$ suns & moons are ev] 9 ! pa/1 tell
 u t our ,art is go+ to ! dogs2 & x is1 
inde$1 true t we are 9 confusion6  ,!   
wat]s are brok51 & e n]ve & s9ew ( !    
arti/ is /ra9$ to discov] 8 own safety4 
,x is an age ( /ir & *ange1 a season (  
new w9e & old bottles4  ,yet1 assur$ly1 
9 spite ( breakages & wa/e1 a w9e wor? !
 dr9k+ is all ! "t be+ made4  ,i ceas$  
aga9 to ?9k1 = ! sun _h dipp$ l[1 & !   
midges 7 bit+ me2 & ! s\nds ( ev5+ _h   
begun1 ^? innum]able f>-travell+ s\nds (
 man & bird & bea/--s cle> & intimate--(
 remote c\ntrysides at sunset4  ,& =    
long ,i li/5$1 too vague to move my p54 
,new philosophy--a vigor\s ,art6  ,are  

!re n all ! signs ( x8  ,9 music1       
sculpture1 pa9t+2 9 fiction--& drama2 9 
danc+2 9 criticism itself1 if criticism 
be an ,art4  ,yes1 we are rea*+ out to a
 new fai? n yet cry/allis$1 to a new    
,art n yet p]fect$2 ! =ms /ill to f9d-! 
fl[]s /ill to fa%ion6  ,& h[ has x come1
 ?is sl[ly gr[+ fai? 9 ,p]fection =     
,p]fection's sake8  ,surely l ?is3 ,!   
,we/]n _w awoke "o day to f9d t x no    
long] believ$ corporately & = c]ta9 9   
future life = ! individual consci\sness4
  ,x began to feel3 ,i _c say m ?an t   
!re may be--,dea? may be ! end ( man1 or
 ,dea? may be no?+4  ,& x began to ask  
itself 9 ?is unc]ta9ty3 ,d ,i !n desire 
to g on liv+8  ,n[1 s9ce x f\nd t x     
desir$ to g on liv+ at lea/ z e>ne/ly z 
ev] x did be=e1 x began to inquire :y4  
,& sl[ly x p]ceiv$ t !re 01 inborn )9 x1
 a passionate in/9ct ( :i* x _h h>dly   
till !n be5 consci\s--a sacr$ in/9ct to 
p]fect itself1 n[1 z well z 9 a possible
 h]eaft]2 to p]fect itself because      
,p]fection 0 desirable1 a vision to be  

ador$1 & /riv5 =2 a dream motive fa/5$  
)9 ! ,univ]se2 ! v ess5tial ,cause (    
ev]y?+4  ,& x began to see t ?is        
,p]fection1 cosmically1 0 no?+ b p]fect 
,equanimity & ,h>mony2 & 9 human        
relations1 no?+ b p]fect ,love &        
,ju/ice4 ,& ,p]fection began to gl[ be=e
 ! eyes ( ! ,we/]n _w l a new />1 ^:    
light t\*$ ) glam\r all ?+s z !y came =?
 f ,my/]y1 till to ,my/]y !y 7 ready to 
return4  ,?is--,i ?\ght is surely :at ! 
,we/]n _w has dimly be5 r$iscov]+4  ,!re
 has crept into our m9ds once m ! feel+ 
t ! ,univ]se is all ( a piece1          
,equipoise supreme2 & all ?+s equally   
wond]ful1 & my/]i\s1 & valuable4  ,we h 
begun1 9 fact1 to h a glimm]+ ( !       
arti/'s cre$1 t no?+ may we despise or  
neglect--t ev]y?+ is wor? ! do+ well1 ! 
mak+ fair--t our ,god1 ,p]fection1 is   
implicit ev]y:]e1 & ! revelation ( ,him 
! bus9ess ( our ,art4  ,& z ,i jott$ d[n
 ^! words ,i notic$ t "s real />s _h    
crept up into ! sky1 s gradually d>k5+  
above ! poll>d lime-trees2 cuckoos1 :o  

_h be5 call+ on ! ?orn-trees all !      
aft]noon1 7 sil5t2 ! swall[s no long]   
flirt$ pa/1 b a bat 0 already 9 c>e] ov]
 ! holly h$ge2 & r\nd me ! butt]cups 7  
clos+4 ,! :ole =m & feel+ ( ! _w _h     
*ang$1 s t ,i seem$ to h be=e me a new  
picture hang+4  ,ah6  ,i ?\ght ,art mu/ 
inde$ be prie/ ( ?is new fai? 9         
,p]fection1 ^: motto is3 ,h>mony1       
,proportion1 ,balance4  ,= by ,art alone
 c true h>mony 9 human affairs be fo/]$1
 true ,proportion reveal$1 & true       
,equipoise pres]v$4  ,is n ! tra9+ ( an 
arti/ a tra9+ 9 ! due relation ( "o ?+ )
 ano!r1 & 9 ! faculty ( express+ t      
relation cle>ly2 &1 ev5 m1 a tra9+ 9 !  
faculty ( dis5gag+ f self ! v ess5ce (  
self--& pass+ t ess5ce into o!r selves  
by s delicate means t none %all see h[ x
 is done1 yet be ins5sibly unifi$8  ,is 
n ! arti/1 ( all m51 foe & nullifi] (   
p>tisan%ip & p>o*ialism1 ( di/ortions & 
extravagance1 ! discov]] ( t            
jack-o'-lant]n--,tru?2 =1 if ,tru? be n 
,spiritual ,proportion ,i "k n :at x is4

  ,tru? x seems to me--is no absolute   
?+1 b always relative1 ! ess5tial       
symmetry 9 ! v>y+ relation%ips ( life2 &
 ! mo/ p]fect tru? is b ! concrete      
expression ( ! mo/ p5etrat+ vision4     
,life se5 ?r\gh\t z a c\ntless %[ ( !   
f9e/ works ( ,art2 ,life %ap$1 & purg$ (
 ! irrelevant1 ! gross1 & ! extravagant2
 ,life1 z x 71 spiritually select$--t is
 ,tru?2 a ?+ z multiple1 & *ang+1 z     
subtle1 & /range1 z ,life itself1 & z   
little to be b\nd by dogma4  ,tru?      
admits b ! "o rule3 ,no defici5cy1 & no 
excess6  ,disob$i5t to t rule--no?+     
atta9s full vitality4  ,& secretly      
fett]$ by t rule is ,art1 ^: bus9ess is 
! creation ( vital ?+s4  ,t ae/hete1 to 
be sure1 0 "r1 :5 he said3 ,x is ,/yle t
 makes "o believe 9 a ?+2 no?+ b ,/yle4 
,=1 :at is ,/yle 9 its true & broade/   
s5se save fidelity to idea & mood1 &    
p]fect balance 9 ! clo?+ ( !m8  ,& ,i   
?\ght3 ,c "o believe 9 ! decad5ce ( ,art
 9 an age :i*1 h[ev] unconsci\sly z yet1
 is beg9n+ to wor%ip t :i* ,art         

wor%ips--,p]fection-,/yle8  ,! faults ( 
our ,arts to-day are ! faults ( zeal & (
 adv5ture1 ! faults & crudities (       
pione]s1 ! errors & mi%aps ( ! explor]4 
,!y mu/ pass ?r\gh _m fev]s1 & _m times 
lose _! way2 b at all ev5ts !y %all n g 
dy+ 9 _! b$s1 & be buri$ at ,k5sal      
,gre54  ,&1 "h & !re1 amid ! disa/]s &  
wreckage ( _! voyages ( discov]y1 !y w  
f9d some?+ new1 "s fre% way ( embelli%+ 
life1 or ( reveal+ ! he>t ( ?+s4 ,t     
*>act]i/ic ( to-day's ,art--! /riv+ (   
ea* bran* ( ,art to bur/ its own        
b\nd>ies--:i* to _m spells de/ruction1  
is surely ( happy om54  ,! novel /ra9+  
to become ! play1 ! play ! novel1 bo?   
try+ to pa9t2 music /riv+ to become     
/ory2 poetry gasp+ to be music2 pa9t+   
pant+ to be philosophy2 =ms1 canons1    
rules1 all melt+ 9 ! pot2 /agnation     
brok5 up6  ,9 all ?is havoc !re is mu*  
to %ock & j> ev5 ! mo/ eag] & adv5tur\s4
  ,we _c /& ^! new-fangl$ fell[s6  ,!y h
 no =m6  ,!y ru% 9 :]e angels fe> to    
tread4  ,!y h lo/ all ! good ( ! old1 & 

giv5 u no?+ 9 its place6  ,& yet--only  
out ( /ir & *ange is born new salvation4
  ,to d5y t is to d5y belief 9 man1 to  
turn our backs on c\rage6  ,x is well1  
inde$1 t "s %\ld live 9 clos$ /udies ) !
 pa9t+s & ! books ( ye/]day--su* devot$ 
/ud5ts s]ve ,art 9 _! own way4  ,b !    
fre%-air _w w ev] want new =ms4  ,we    
%all n get !m )\t fai? en\gh to risk !  
old6  ,! good w live1 ! bad w die2 &    
tomorr[ only c tell u :i* is :i*6       
,yes--,i ?\ght--we naturally take a too 
impati5t view ( ! ,art ( our own "t1    
s9ce we c nei!r see ! ends t[>d :i* x is
 almo/ bl9dly grop+1 nor ! few p]fect$  
creations t w be left /&+ amid/ ! rubble
 ( abortive ef=t4  ,an age mu/ always   
decry itself & extol its =be>s4  ,!     
unwritt5 hi/ory ( e ,art w %[ u t4      
,consid] ! novel--t mo/ rec5t =m ( ,art6
  ,did n ! age :i* foll[$ ,field+ lam5t 
! trea*]y ( au?ors to ! ,pic>esque      
tradition1 compla9+ t !y 7 n z ,field+ &
 ,smollett 78  ,be sure !y did4  ,v     
sl[ly & 9 spite ( opposition did ! novel

 atta9 9 ?is c\ntry ! fulness ( t       
biographical =m a*iev$ "u ,?ack]ay4  ,v 
sl[ly1 & 9 face ( condemnation1 x has   
be5 los+ t =m 9 fav\r ( a great]        
vividness :i* places be=e ! read]'s     
bra91 n hi/orical /atem5ts1 z x 71 (    
motives & ( facts1 b ^w-pa9t+s ( ?+s &  
p]sons1 s *os5 & arrang$ t ! read] may  
see1 z if at fir/ h&1 ! _s ( ,life at "w
 be=e him4  ,! new novel has z _m       
bemoan]s z ! old novel _h :5 x 0 new4   
,x is no "q ( bett] or worse1 b ( diff]+
 =ms--( *ange dictat$ by gradual        
suitability to ! *ang+ conditions ( our 
social life1 & to ! ev] fre% discov]ies 
( craftsm51 9 ! intoxication ( :i*1 old 
& equally wor?y craftsman%ip is--by !   
way--too (t5 = ! mom5t mislaid4 ,! ve/$ 
int]e/s ( life fav\r ! l9e ( lea/       
resi/ance--dislik+ & revolt+ aga9/      
di/urbance2 b "o mu/ always rememb] t a 
spuri\s glam\r is incl9$ to ga!r ar\nd  
:at is new4  ,&1 because ( ^! two       
deflect+ factors1 ^? :o break ?r\gh old 
=ms mu/ well expect to be dead be=e !   

new =ms !y h unconsci\sly creat$ h f\nd 
_! true level1 high or l[1 9 ! _w (     
,art4  ,:5 a ?+ is new h[ %all x be     
judg$8  ,9 ! flu/] ( meet+ novelty1 we h
 ev5 se5 coh]5ce attempt+ to b9d toge!r 
two p]sonalities s fundam5tally oppos$ z
 ^? ( ,ibs5 & ,b]n>d ,%aw dramati/s )   
h>dly a quality 9 common2 no id5tity (  
tradition1 or belief2 n ! fa9te/        
resemblance 9 me?ods ( con/ruction or   
te*nique4 ,yet contempor>y2 e/imate     
talks ( !m (t5 9 ! same brea?4 ,!y are  
new6  ,x is en\gh4  ,& o!rs1 z utt]ly   
unlike !m bo?4  ,!y too are new4  ,!y h 
z yet no label ( _! own !n put on "s "o 
else's6  ,& s--,i ?\ght x mu/ always be2
 = ,"t is ess5tial to ! prop] plac+ &   
e/imate ( all ,art4  ,& is x n ?is      
feel+1 t contempor>y judgm5ts are apt to
 turn out a little ludicr\s1 :i* has    
conv]t$ mu* criticism ( late f judgm5t  
pron\nc$ into impression                
record$--recreative /atem5t--a k9d1 9   
fact1 ( expression ( ! critic's self1   
elicit$ ?r\gh contemplation ( a book1 a 

play1 a symphony1 a picture8  ,= ?is k9d
 ( criticism !re has ev5 rec5tly be5    
claim$ an actual id5tity ) creation4    
,e/hetic judgm5t & creative p[]         
id5tical6  ,t is a h>d say+4  ,=1 h[ev] 
sympa!tic "o may feel t[>d ?is new      
criticism1 h[ev] "o may recognise t !   
record+ ( impression has a wid]1 m      
ela/ic1 & m la/+ value ?an ! deliv]y (  
arbitr>y judgm5t bas$ on rigid laws (   
ta/e2 h[ev] "o may admit t x approa*es !
 creative gift 9 s f> z x dem&s !       
qualities ( receptivity &               
reproduction--is !re n /ill lack+ to ?is
 new critic some?+ ( t ?ir/+ _s (       
discov]y1 :i* prec$es ! creation--hi!rto
 s-call$--( any?+8  ,criticism1 ta/e1   
ae/hetic judgm5t1 by ! v nature ( _!    
task1 wait till life has be5 focuss$ by 
! arti/s be=e !y attempt to reproduce ! 
image :i* t imprison$ fragm5t ( life    
makes on ! mirror ( _! m9ds4  ,b a ?+   
creat$ spr+s f a g]m unconsci\sly       
implant$ by ! direct impact ( unfett]$  
life on ! :ole range1 ( ! creator's     

temp]am5t2 & r\nd ! g]m ?us eng5d]$1 !  
creative arti/--ev] p5etrat+1 discov]+1 
select+--goes on build+ cell on cell1   
ga!r$ f a million little fre% impacts & 
visions4  ,& to say t ?is is also       
exactly :at ! recreative critic does1 is
 to say t ! int]pretative musician is   
creator 9 ! same s5se z is ! compos] ( !
 music t he int]prets4  ,if1 inde$1 ^!  
processes be ! same 9 k9d1 !y are 9     
degree s f> ap>t t "o w\ld ?9k ! ^w     
creative un=tunately us$ ( bo?4444  ,b  
?is speculation--,i ?\ght--is go+ beyond
 ! b\nds ( vagu5ess4 ,let !re be "s     
?read ( coh]5ce 9 y\r ?\ghts1 z !re is 9
 ! progress ( ?is ev5+1 fa/ fad+ into   
night4 ,return to ! consid]ation ( !    
nature & purposes ( ,art6  ,& recognize 
t mu* ( :at y h ?\ght w seem on ! face (
 x h]esy to ! s*ool ^: doctr9e 0        
inc>nat$ by ,osc> ,wilde 9 t admirable  
apo!osis ( half-tru?s3 ,! ,decay ( !    
,art ( ,ly+4  ,= !re9 he said3 ,no great
 arti/ ev] sees ?+s z !y really are4    
,yet1 t half-tru? might also be put ?us3

 ,! see+ ( ?+s z !y really are--! see+ (
 a proportion veil$ f o!r eyes 7toge!r )
 ! p[] ( expression71 is :at makes a man
 an arti/4  ,:at makes him a great arti/
 is a high f]v\r ( _s1 :i* produces a   
sup]lative1 in/ead ( a comp>ative1      
cl>ity ( vision4  ,close to my h\se !re 
is a gr\p ( p9es ) gn>l$ r$ limbs flank$
 by bee*-trees4  ,& !re is (t5 a v deep 
blue sky beh9d4 ,g5]ally1 t is all ,i   
see4  ,b1 once 9 a way1 9 ^? trees aga9/
 t sky ,i seem to see all ! passionate  
life & gl[ t ,titian pa9t$ into 8 pagan 
pictures4  ,i h a vision ( my/]i\s      
mean+1 ( a my/]i\s relation betwe5 t sky
 & ^? trees ) _! gn>l$ r$ limbs & ,life 
z ,i "k x4  ,& :5 ,i h _h t vision ,i   
always feel1 ?is is reality1 & all ^?   
o!r times1 :5 ,i h no su* vision1 simple
 unreality4  ,if ,i 7 a pa9t]1 x is =   
su* f]v5t vision ,i %\ld wait1 be=e mov+
 bru%3 ,?is1 s intimate1 inn] vision (  
reality1 inde$1 seems 9 dull] mom5ts    
well-nigh grotesque2 & h5ce t o!r glib  
half-tru?3 ,art is great] ?an ,life     

itself4  ,art is1 inde$1 great] ?an     
,life 9 ! s5se t ! p[] ( ,art is !      
dis5gagem5t f ,life ( its real _s &     
significance4  ,b 9 any o!r s5se1 to say
 t ,art is great] ?an ,life f :i* x     
em]ges1 & into :i* x mu/ rem]ge1 c b    
susp5d ! arti/ ov] ,life1 ) 8 feet 9 !  
air & 8 head 9 ! cl\ds--,prig masqu]ad+ 
z ,demi-god4  ,nature is no great ,"m :o
 has borne u4  ,%e is our creation4  ,x 
is 9 our bra9 t %e quick5s to life4     
,su* is ! highe/ hyp]bole ( ! ae/hetic  
cre$4 ,b :at is creative in/9ct1 if n an
 incessant liv+ sympa?y ) ,nature1 a    
con/ant crav+ l t ( ,nature's own1 to   
fa%ion some?+ new out ( all t comes )9 !
 grasp ( ^? faculties ) :i* ,nature has 
end[$ u8  ,! qualities ( vision1 (      
fancy1 & ( imag9ative p[]1 are no m     
divorc$ f ,nature1 ?an are ! qualities (
 common-s5se & c\rage4  ,!y are r>]1 t  
is all4  ,b 9 tru?1 no "o holds su*     
views4  ,n ev5 ^? :o utt] !m4  ,!y are !
 rhetoric1 ! ov]-/atem5t ( half-tru?s1  
by su* z wi% to condemn :at !y call     

,realism1 )\t be+ temp]am5tally capable 
( und]/&+ :at ,realism really is4  ,&   
:at--,i ?\ght--is ,realism8  ,:at is !  
mean+ ( t ^w s wildly us$8  ,is x       
descriptive ( te*nique1 or descriptive (
 ! _s ( ! arti/2 or bo?1 or nei!r8  ,0  
,turg5ev a reali/8  ,no great] poet ev] 
wrote 9 prose1 nor any "o :o m closely  
br\ght ! actual %apes ( m5 & ?+s be=e u4
  ,no m f]v5t ideali/s ?an ,ibs5 &      
,tol/oy ev] liv$2 & none m c>eful to    
make _! p real4  ,7 !y reali/s8  ,no m  
deeply fanta/ic writ] c ,i conceive ?an 
,do/oievsky1 nor any :o has describ$    
actual situations m vividly4  ,0 he a   
reali/8  ,! late ,/eph5 ,crane 0 call$ a
 reali/4  ,?an :om no m impressioni/ic  
writ] ev] pa9t$ ) words4  ,:at !n is !  
he>t ( ?is t]m /ill (t5 us$ z an        
expression almo/ ( abuse8  ,to me1 at   
all ev5ts--,i ?\ght--! words realism1   
reali/ic1 h no long] ref]5ce to         
te*nique1 = :i* ! words naturalism1     
naturali/ic1 s]ve f> bett]4  ,nor h !y  
to d ) ! "q ( imag9ative p[]--z mu*     

dem&$ by realism z by romanticism4  ,=  
me1 a reali/ is by no means ti$ to      
naturali/ic te*nique--he may be poetic1 
ideali/ic1 fanta/ic1 impressioni/ic1    
any?+ b--romantic2 t1 9 s f> z he is a  
reali/1 he _c be4 ,! ^w1 9 fact1        
*>act]ises t arti/ ^: temp]am5tal       
preoccupation is ) revelation ( ! actual
 int]-relat+ _s ( life1 "*1 & ?\ght1 ) a
 view to enlight5 himself & o!rs2 z     
di/+ui%$ f t arti/ :om ,i call          
romantic--^: temp]a m5tal purpose is    
inv5tion ( tale or design ) a view to   
delight himself & o!rs4  ,x is a "q (   
temp]am5tal antec$5t motive 9 ! arti/1 &
 no?+ m4  ,reali/--,romantici/6         
,enlight5m5t--,delight6  ,t is ! true   
apposition4  ,to make a revelation--to  
tell a fairy-tale6  ,& ei!r ( ^! arti/s 
may use :at =m he likes--naturali/ic1   
fanta/ic1 poetic1 impressioni/ic4  ,= x 
is n by ! =m1 b by ! purpose & mood ( 8 
art t he %all be kn[n1 z "o or z ! o!r4 
,reali/s inde$--includ+ ! half (        
,%akespe>e t 0 reali/ n be+ prim>ily    

conc]n$ to amuse _! audi5ce1 are /ill   
comp>atively unpopul> 9 a _w made up = !
 great] "p ( m5 ( action1 :o in/9ctively
 reject all art t does n di/ract !m )\t 
caus+ !m to ?9k4  ,= ?\ght makes dem&s  
on an en]gy already 9 full use2 ?\ght   
causes introspection2 & introspection   
causes discom=t1 & di/urbs ! grooves (  
action4  ,to say t ! object ( ! reali/  
is to enlight5 r ?an to delight1 is n to
 say t 9 8 art ! reali/ is n amus+      
himself z mu* z ev] is ! tell] ( a      
fairy-tale1 ?\gh he does n delib]ately  
/>t out to d s2 he is amus+1 too1 a l>ge
 "p ( mank9d4  ,=1 admitt$ t ! abject1 &
 ! te/ ( ,art1 is always ! awak5+ (     
vibration1 ( imp]sonal emotion1 x is    
/ill usually =gott5 t m5 fall1 r\ghly   
speak+1 into two flocks3 ,^? ^:         
intellig5ce is un9quir+ 9 ! face ( ,art1
 & does n dem& to be appeas$ be=e _!    
emotions c be /irr$2 & ^? :o1 hav+ a    
speculative b5t ( m9d1 mu/ fir/ be      
satisfi$ by an enlight5+ quality 9 a "w 
( ,art1 be=e t "w ( ,art c awak5 9 !m   

feel+4  ,! audi5ce ( ! reali/ is drawn f
 ?is latt] type ( man2 ! mu* l>g]       
audi5ce ( ! romantic arti/ f ! =m]2     
toge!r )1 9 bo? cases1 ^? fa/idi\s few =
 :om all ,art is /yle & only /yle1 & :o 
welcome ei!r k9d1 s long z x is good    
en\gh4  ,to me1 !n--,i ?\ght--?is       
division into ,realism & ,romance1 s    
und]/ood1 is ! ma9 cleavage 9 all !     
,arts2 b x is h>d to f9d pure examples (
 ei!r k9d4  ,= ev5 ! mo/ det]m9$ reali/ 
has m ?an a /reak 9 him ( ! romantici/1 
& ! mo/ resolute romantici/ f9ds x      
impossible at times to be q unreal4     
,guido ,r5i1 ,watteau1 ,leighton 7 !y n 
p]haps some:at pure romantici/s2        
,rembr&t1 ,hog>?1 ,manet ma9ly reali/s2 
,botticelli1 ,titian1 ,raphael1 a bl5d4 
,dumas p]e1 & ,scott1 surely romantic2  
,flaub]t & ,tol/oy z surely reali/s2    
,dick5s & ,c]vantes1 bl5d$4  ,keats &   
,sw9burne romantic2 ,br[n+ &            
,:itman--reali/ic2 ,%akespe>e & ,goe!1  
bo?4 ,! ,greek dramati/s--reali/s4  ,!  
,arabian ,nights & ,malory romantic4 ,! 

,iliad1 ! ,odyssey1 & ! ,old ,te/am5t1  
bo? realism & romance4 ,& if 9 !        
vagu5ess ( my ?\ghts ,i 7 to seek =     
illu/ration less g5]al & vague to %[ !  
ess5ce ( ?is temp]am5tal cleavage 9 all 
,art1 ,i w\ld take ! two noveli/s       
,turg5ev & ,/ev5son4  ,= ,turg5ev       
express$ himself 9 /ories t mu/ be call$
 romances1 & ,/ev5son employ$ almo/     
always a naturali/ic te*nique4  ,yet no 
"o w\ld ev] call ,turg5ev a romantici/1 
or ,/ev5son a reali/4  ,! _s ( ! fir/   
brood$ ov] life1 f\nd 9 x a p]petual    
voyage ( spiritual adv5ture1 0 set on   
discov]+ & mak+ cle> to himself & all1 !
 v>y+ traits & emotions ( human "*--!   
v>y+ moods ( ,nature2 & ?\gh he c\*$ all
 ?is discov]y 9 caskets ( engag+ /ory1 x
 0 always cle> z day :at mood x 0 t     
drove him to dip p5 9 ink4  ,! _s ( !   
second1 ,i ?9k1 almo/ dread$ to discov]2
 he felt life1 ,i believe1 too ke5ly to 
want to probe into x2 he spun 8 gossam] 
to lure himself & all away f life4 ,t 0 
8 driv+ mood2 b ! craftsman 9 him1 long+

 to be cle> & poignant1 made him m      
natural1 m actual ?an mo/ reali/s4  ,s1 
h[ ?9 (t5 is ! h$ge6  ,& h[ poor a      
bus9ess ! p>tisan abuse ( ei!r k9d ( art
 9 a _w :]e ea* sort ( m9d has full "r  
to its own due expression1 & grumbl+    
lawful only :5 due expression is n      
atta9$4  ,"o may n c>e = a ,rembr&t     
portrait ( a pla9 old woman2 a graceful 
,watteau decoration may leave ano!r cold
 b fooli% w he be :o d5ies t bo? are    
fai?ful to _! conceiv+ moods1 & s       
proportion$ "p to "p1 & "p to :ole1 z to
 h1 ea* 9 its own way1 t inh]5t rhy?m or
 vitality :i* is ! hall-m>k ( ,art4  ,he
 is b a poor philosoph] :o holds a view 
s n>r[ z to exclude =ms n to 8 p]sonal  
ta/e4  ,no reali/ c love romantic ,art s
 mu* z he loves 8 own1 b :5 t ,art      
fulfils ! laws ( its peculi> be+1 if he 
w\ld be no bl9d p>tisan1 he mu/ admit x4
 ,! romantici/ w nev] be amus$ by       
realism1 b let him n = t reason be s    
p>o*ial z to ?9k t realism1 :5 x a*ieves
 vitality1 is n ,art4  ,= :at is ,art b 

! p]fect$ expression ( self 9 contact ) 
! _w2 & :e!r t self be ( enlight5+1 or (
 fairy-tell+ temp]am5t1 is ( no mom5t   
:atsoev]4  ,! toss+ ( abuse f reali/ to 
romantici/ & back is b ! sword-play (   
two "o-ey$ m5 ) _! bl9d side turn$ t[>d 
ea* o!r4  ,%all n ea* attempt be judg$  
on its own m]its8 ,if f\nd n %oddy1     
fak$1 or =c$1 b true to itself1 true to 
its conceiv+ mood1 & fair-proportion$ "p
 to :ole2 s t x lives--!n1 reali/ic or  
romantic1 9 ! "n ( ,fairness let x pass6
 ,( all k9ds ( human en]gy1 ,art is     
surely ! mo/ free1 ! lea/ p>o*ial2 &    
dem&s ( u an ess5tial tol]ance ( all its
 =ms4 ,%all we wa/e brea? & ink 9       
condemnation ( arti/s1 because _!       
temp]am5ts are n our own8  ,b ! %apes & 
col\rs ( ! day 7 n[ all blurr$2 e tree &
 /one entangl$ 9 ! dusk4  ,h[ diff]5t ! 
_w seem$ f t 9 :i* ,i _h fir/ sat d[n1 )
 ! swall[s flirt+ pa/4  ,& my mood 0    
diff]5t2 = ea* ( ^? worlds _h br\ght to 
my he>t its prop] feel+--pa9t$ on my    
eyes ! j picture4  ,& ,night1 t 0 com+1 

w\ld br+ me yet ano!r mood t w\ld frame 
itself ) consci\sness at its own fair   
mom5t1 & hang be=e me4  ,a quiet owl    
/ole by 9 ! geld bel[1 & vani%$ into !  
he>t ( a tree4  ,& sudd5ly above !      
moor-l9e ,i saw ! l>ge moon ris+4       
,c9namon-col\r$1 x made all ?+s swim1   
made me unc]ta9 ( my ?\ghts1 vague )    
mazy feel+4 ,%apes seem$ b drifts (     
moon-du/1 & true reality no?+ save a    
sort ( /ill li/5+ to ! w9d4  ,& = long  
,i sat1 j wat*+ ! moon creep up1 & he>+ 
! ?91 dry ru/le ( ! leaves along ! holly
 h$ge4  ,& !re came to me ?is ?\ght3    
,:at is ?is ,univ]se--t nev] _h beg9n+ &
 w nev] h an end--b a myriad /riv+ to   
p]fect pictures nev] ! same1 s bl5d+ &  
fad+ "o into ano!r1 t all =m "o great   
p]fect$ picture8  ,& :at are we--ripples
 on ! tides ( a bir?less1 dea?less1     
equipois$ ,creative-,purpose--b little  
works ( ,art8  ,try+ to record t ?\ght1 
,i notic$ t my note-book 0 damp ) dew4  
,! cattle 7 ly+ d[n4  ,x 0 too d>k to   
see4 #aiaa