online by ,harvard ,university ,library's ,open ,collections ,program1 ,women ,working #ahjj - #aicj47 ,illustration ,how ,girls ,can ,help ,their ,country ,adapted from ,agnes ,baden-,powell and ,sir ,robert ,baden-,powell's ,handbook #aiag ,,copyright1 #aiag ,,by ,,juliette ,,low ,transcriber's note3 ,italics are signified by underscores1 1 and bold is signified by tildes1 1 around the words4 ,in one spot in the text ,v is used to describe a ,v with a line above it and ,v signifies a ,v with a line below it4 ,contents ,part ,i4 ,,page ,,history #a ,,how ,,to ,,begin #d ,,laws #g ,,self-,,improvement #i ,part ,,ii4 ,,membership #bj ,,qualifications ,,for ,,grades ,,and ,,rank #be ,,enrollment #bg ,,badges ,,and ,,awards #bi ,,tests ,,for ,,merit ,,badges #ca ,part ,,iii4 ,,games #dh ,,camping #eg ,,scoutcraft #fh ,,stars #hc ,,gardening #ib ,part ,,iv4 ,,sanitation #id ,,health #ih ,,home ,,life #ajf ,part ,v4 ,,first ,,aid #abd ,part ,,vi4 ,,patriotism #acf ,,list ,,of ,,books ,,to ,,read #adb ,,index #aec ,copies of this book may be obtained from ,girl ,scout ,national ,headquarters1 #ebg ,fifth ,avenue1 ,city of ,new ,york2 price #cj cents1 postpaid4 ,,patronesses ,,of ,,girl ,,scouts4 ,,mrs4 ,,philip ,,brown ,new ,york ,,arthur ,,choate ,,powers ,,farr ,,snowdon ,,marshall ,,henry ,,parish1 ,,jr4 ,,theodore ,,price ,,douglas ,,robinson ,,samuel ,,van ,,dusen ,,leonard ,,wood ,,wm4 ,j4 ,,boardman ,washington1 ,d4 ,c4 ,,albert ,,burleson ,,jas4 ,,marion ,,johnston ,,joseph ,r4 ,,lamar ,,richard ,g4 ,,lay ,,oscar ,,underwood ,,john ,,van ,,rensselaer ,,edward ,,douglas ,,white ,h4 ,c4 ,,greene ,boston1 ,mass4 ,,miss ,,katherine ,,loring ,,louisa ,,loring ,,mrs4 ,,ronald ,,lyman ,,henry ,,parkman ,,william ,,lowell ,,putnam ,,lawrence ,,rotch ,,william ,w4 ,,vaughan ,,barrett ,,wendell ,,roger ,,wolcott ,,william ,,ruffin ,,cox ,richmond1 ,va4 ,,hunter ,,mcguire ,,geo4 ,,hyde ,,clark ,cooperstown1 ,n4 ,y4 ,,herbert ,,barry ,orange1 ,n4 ,j4 ,,thomas ,,edison ,,philip ,,mck4 ,,garrison ,,george ,,merck ,b4 ,,palmer ,,axson ,savannah1 ,ga4 ,,george ,j4 ,,baldwin ,,miss ,,elizabeth ,,beckwith ,,mrs4 ,,rockwell ,s4 ,,brank ,w4 ,w4 ,,gordon ,,louis ,w4 ,,haskell ,,miss ,,hortense ,,orcutt ,,nina ,,pape ,,mrs4 ,,frederick ,f4 ,,reese ,,samuel ,,drury ,st4 ,paul's ,school1 ,concord1 ,n4 ,h4 ,,orton ,,brown ,berlin1 ,n4 ,h4 ,,frederick ,,frelinghuysen ,newark1 ,n4 ,j4 ,,wayne ,,parker ,,douglas ,,gorman ,baltimore1 ,md4 ,,miss ,,manly ,,mrs4 ,,jas4 ,,houstoun ,,johnston ,birmingham1 ,ala4 ,,william ,s4 ,,lovell ,,robert ,c4 ,,alston ,,john ,b4 ,,gordon ,atlanta1 ,ga4 ,,cleland ,,kinloch ,,nelson ,,john ,m4 ,,slaton ,,carter ,,harrison ,chicago1 ,ill4 ,,herbert ,,havemeyer ,,cyrus ,,mccormick1 ,,senior ,,miss ,,skinner ,,frederica ,,skinner ,,mrs4 ,,mark ,,willing ,,charles ,g4 ,,washburn ,worcester1 ,mass4 ,,miss ,,katherine ,,hutchinson ,philadelphia1 ,pa4 ,,mrs4 ,,robert ,,leslie ,,john ,,markoe ,,alfonso ,,munoz ,,miss ,,anne ,,thompson ,,mrs4 ,,charles ,,dobney ,cincinnati1 ,ohio ,,james ,,perkins ,,miss ,,josephine ,,simrall ,,mrs4 ,,robert ,,taft1 ,,junior ,,max ,,hirsch ,g4 ,s4 ,,rafter ,washington1 ,d4 ,c4 ,part ,i ,,history ,,of ,,girl ,,scouts ,girl ,scouts1 like ,boy ,scouts1 are found all over the world4 ,when ,sir ,robert ,baden-,powell formed the first troops of ,boy ,scouts1 six thousand girls enrolled themselves1 but1 as ,sir ,robert's project did not include the admission of girls1 he asked his sister1 ,miss ,baden-,powell1 to found a similar organization for girls1 based on the ,boy ,scout laws1 with activities and occupations properly adapted for girls4 ,she then founded the ,girl ,guide organization4 ,in ,america1 in ,march1 #aiab1 the first patrols of ,girl ,guides were enrolled by ,juliette ,low1 in ,savannah1 ,georgia4 ,in #aiac1 the ,national ,headquarters were established by her in ,washington1 ,d4 ,c41 and ,miss ,edith ,johnston became the ,national ,secretary4 ,the name ,girl ,guides was then changed to ,girl ,scouts because the object of the organization is to promote the ten ,scout ,laws3 ,,truth1 ,,loyalty1 ,,helpfulness1 ,,friendliness1 ,,courtesy1 ,,kindness1 ,,obedience1 ,,cheerfulness1 ,,purity1 and ,,thrift4 ,the movement then grew and spread in a remarkable way4 ,the success of the movement is due1 in a great measure1 to the work of the ,national ,secretary1 ,miss ,cora ,neal1 who built up the organization during the most difficult years of its existence4 ,in #aiaf1 ,headquarters were removed from ,washington to ,new ,york1 and the machinery for unifying the national work of the organization is now placed on an efficient basis4 ,the training of ,girl ,scouts is set forth in the ,handbook1 written by ,lieut4-,general ,sir ,robert ,baden-,powell and ,miss ,baden-,powell4 ,juliette ,low obtained the rights of their book and1 with the help of committees and experts from all parts of ,america1 adapted it to the use of the ,girl ,scouts of the ,united ,states4 ,it is impossible to train ,girl ,scouts without the ,handbook4 ,in #aiae1 a ,convention of ,girl ,scout leaders from most of the large cities was held and a ,national ,council was formed1 composed of delegates from the cities or communities where more than one hundred ,girl ,scouts were enrolled4 ,this ,national ,council met in ,washington1 ,d4 ,c41 on ,june #aj1 #aiae1 and put the management of the business of the ,national ,organization in the hands of an ,executive ,committee1 composed of3 ,a ,president4 ,a ,secretary or ,executive ,officer4 ,a ,treasurer4 ,a ,vice-,president4 ,chief ,commissioner4 ,six or more members of the ,national ,council4 ,the ,duties of the ,executive ,committee are3 7#a7 ,to grant charters to the ,local ,councils of ,girl ,scouts4 7#b7 ,to manufacture and copyright the badges4 7#c7 ,to select uniforms and other equipment4 ,at every annual meeting of the ,national ,council there is an election of the ,executive ,committee4 ,this committee has the power to cancel a charter4 ,national ,headquarters ,the ,national ,headquarters has a staff of officers to do the work of the organization1 holding their positions at the pleasure of the ,executive ,board4 ,the ,national ,secretary is appointed by the ,president and holds office at the pleasure of the ,president4 ,each city or locality has a ,local ,council of twelve or more members1 according to the size of the community4 ,these local ,councils are under the direction of the ,national ,council and obtain their charters from ,headquarters4 ,where one hundred or more ,girl ,scouts have been enrolled1 the ,local ,council has the right to send one representative to the ,national ,council for the annual meeting4 ,the salute is three fingers raised1 the little finger held down by the thumb4 ,illustration3 ,the ,salute ,handshake with the left hand while the right hand is raised in half salute--that is three fingers raised and held on the line with the shoulder4 ,this is the salute given between one ,girl ,scout and another1 and the full salute is when the fingers are raised to the temple on a level with the brow4 ,this is given to officers and to the ,united ,states flag4 7,in saluting1 the hand is always held upright1 never in a horizontal position47 ,,how ,,to ,,begin ,it is not intended that ,girl ,scouts should necessarily form a new club separated from all others4 ,girls who belong to any kind of existing organization1 such as school clubs or ,y4 ,w4 ,c4 ,a4's may also undertake1 in addition to their other work or play1 the ,girl ,scouts' training and games1 especially on ,saturdays and ,sundays4 ,it is not meant that girls should play or work on ,sunday1 but that they may take walks where they can carry on a study of plants and animals4 ,groups or bands of girls not already belonging to any club may be organized directly as a ,girl ,scout ,patrol or ,troop4 ,how to ,start a ,patrol ,eight girls in any town1 school1 or settlement may join together to form a ,patrol4 ,they should have a ,captain who must be at least twenty-one years old4 ,the ,captain selects a ,lieutenant1 or second in command1 and the girls elect a ,patrol leader4 ,the girls should be from ten to seventeen years of age4 ,it is best if all the girls in each ,patrol are about the same age4 ,a less number than eight girls can begin the movement1 but eight girls are required to form a ,patrol4 ,a girl may not become a ,lieutenant until she has reached the age of eighteen1 or a ,captain until she is twenty-one4 ,in ,europe1 ,girl ,scout ,patrols are sometimes formed by grown women who wish to carry out the ,girl ,scout program of preparedness4 ,members of such ,patrols are called ,senior ,scouts4 ,senior ,scouts make the three promises and accept the ,scout law4 ,they are enrolled as ,scouts but do not meet regularly in the same manner as girls' ,troops4 ,they are organized in classes to learn first aid1 signalling1 marksmanship1 or any other subject of the ,girl ,scout program of training4 ,senior ,scouts may well practice what they learn in such classes by teaching1 for one or two months1 ,patrols of younger ,girl ,scouts4 ,thus they improve their command of what they have learned1 and serve as an example to the younger ,scouts1 stimulating their interest in being prepared and especially in the subject taught4 ,the ,first ,meeting ,at the first meeting1 the ,scout ,captain1 who has previously studied the plan1 principles1 and object of the ,girl ,scout organization1 explains the laws1 promises1 and obligations of the ,girl ,scouts to the members who are to form the troops4 ,the names and addresses of the girls are recorded1 the day set for the regular meeting1 and the length of time for each meeting determined4 ,fifteen minutes may be spent on knot-tying1 the ,scout ,captain first explaining the parts of the knot1 and the requirements for knot-tying4 ,three-quarters of an hour to an hour should be spent on recreation out of doors4 ,succeeding ,meetings ,the second1 third1 and fourth meetings should be spent in learning the requirements for the ,tenderfoot tests4 ,each meeting should open with the formation of the troop in rank1 by patrols1 facing the ,scout ,captain4 ,the first salute should be given to the ,scout ,captain1 followed by the pledge to the flag1 and inspection of the troop by the captain4 ,after inspection the troop should break ranks and hold a short business meeting4 ,elections may be held at the second or third meeting for the patrol leader1 corporal1 secretary1 treasurer1 and any other officers the members of the troop may desire4 ,the ,scout ,captain should instruct the troop how to conduct a business meeting1 and explain the nomination and election of officers4 ,weekly dues may be determined1 and some decision had on the disposition of the funds4 ,after the business meeting1 the work or the tests should be studied1 and the proper time spent on recreation4 ,every meeting should have a formal closing as well as a regular opening4 ,for the closing1 the troop should line up as for the opening routine1 and give the good-bye salute4 ,a definite time should be decided upon for the examination for ,tenderfoot ,scout1 and the examination held at that time4 ,every ,girl ,scout who passes her examination is then ready to be enrolled and to make the ,girl ,scout ,promise4 ,girl ,scout's ,promise ,each girl must promise on her honor to try to do three things3 #a4 ,to do my duty to ,god and to my country4 #b4 ,to help other people at all times4 #c4 ,to obey the laws of the ,scouts4 ,she learns the salute and the secret sign of the ,scouts4 ,the ,girl ,scout ,motto ,is ,illustration ,these laws are for the guidance of ,captains1 and the girls1 although they learn the ,law1 are not allowed to make the promise to keep the ,law until the ,captain considers they are capable of living up to its spirit4 ,,the ,,girl ,,scout ,,laws #a4 ,a ,girl ,scout's ,honor ,is to be ,trusted ,if a ,scout says1 on my honor it is so1 that means that what she says is as true as if she had taken a most solemn oath4 #b4 ,a ,girl ,scout ,is ,loyal to the ,president1 to her country1 and to her officers2 to her father1 to her mother1 and to her employers4 ,she remains true to them through thick and thin4 ,in the face of the greatest difficulties and calamities her loyalty must remain untarnished4 #c4 ,a ,girl ,scout's ,duty ,is to be ,useful and to ,help ,others ,she is to do her duty before anything else even if she gives up her own pleasure1 safety1 or comfort4 ,when in doubt as to which of two things to do she must think1 ,which is my duty8 which means1 ,which is the best for other people8 and do that at once4 ,she must be prepared at any time to save life or help the injured4 ,she should do at least one good turn to someone every day4 #d4 ,a ,girl ,scout ,is a ,friend to ,all1 and a ,sister to ,every ,other ,girl ,scout4 ,thus if a ,scout meets another ,scout1 even though a stranger to her1 she may speak to her1 and help her in any way she can1 either to carry out the duty she is then doing or by giving her food1 or as far as possible anything she may want4 ,like ,kim a ,scout should be a ,little friend to all the world4 #e4 ,a ,girl ,scout ,is ,courteous ,that is1 she is polite to all4 ,she must not take any reward for being helpful or courteous4 #f4 ,a ,girl ,scout ,keeps ,herself ,pure in thought1 word1 and deed4 #g4 ,a ,girl ,scout ,is a ,friend to ,animals ,she should save them as far as possible from pain and should not kill even the smallest unnecessarily4 ,they are all ,god's creatures4 #h4 ,a ,girl ,scout ,obeys ,orders ,under all circumstances1 when she gets an order she must obey it cheerfully and readily1 not in a slow1 sullen manner4 ,scouts never grumble1 whine1 or frown4 #i4 ,a ,girl ,scout ,is ,cheerful under all circumstances4 ,scouts never grumble at hardships1 nor whine at each other1 nor frown when put out4 ,a ,scout goes about with a smile and singing4 ,it cheers her and cheers other people1 especially in time of danger4 #aj4 ,a ,girl ,scout ,is ,thrifty ,this means1 that a ,scout avoids all useless waste of every kind2 she is careful about saving every penny she can put into the bank so that she may have a surplus in time of need4 ,she sees that food is not wasted1 and that her clothing is cared for properly4 ,the ,girl ,scout does not waste time4 ,she realizes that time is the most precious thing any one of us has4 ,the ,girl ,scout's time is spent either in useful occupations or in wholesome recreation1 and she tries to balance these two harmoniously4 ,,self-,,improvement ,a ,great ,law of ,life ,one of the most fundamental laws of life is that1 in the natural course of things1 the influence of women over men is vastly greater than that of men over one another4 ,this is what gives to girls and women a peculiar power and responsibility1 for no ,girl ,scout or other honorable woman--whether old or young--could use her influence as a woman excepting to strengthen the characters and to support the honor of the men and boys with whom she comes in contact4 ,kipling1 in ,kim1 says that there are two kinds of women1--one kind that builds men up1 and the other that pulls men down2 and there is no doubt as to where a ,girl ,scout should stand4 ,this great law is nothing to make a girl feel proud or superior to men2 but1 on the contrary1 the understanding of it should make her humble and watchful to be faithful to her trust4 ,many a boy has been strengthened in his character and his whole life made happier by the brave refusal of a girl to do wrong2 while the opposite weakness has been the cause of endless misery and wretchedness4 ,to gain and always retain the power to be a true woman friend to the men who belong in her own sphere of life is not always an easy matter for a girl1 for she cannot do it unless she keeps a watch over her own faults and weaknesses so that the best of her is always in control4 ,you can not fight for the right in the life of another unless you are first fighting for the right in your own life4 ,the chief difficulty in acquiring this happy and cheerful dignity comes from the desire to be admired1 which is a tendency inborn in the great majority of women4 ,it stands in the way of their greatest strength and usefulness1 because it takes away their real independence and keeps them thinking about themselves instead of about others4 ,it is a form of bondage which makes them vain and self-conscious and renders impossible the truest and happiest companionship between men and women friends4 ,be prepared1 therefore1 to do a true woman's full duty to her men by never allowing the desire for admiration to rule your actions1 words1 or thoughts4 ,our country needs women who are prepared4 ,prepared for what8 ,to do their duty4 ,be ,strong ,have you ever stopped to think that your most constant companion throughout life will be yourself8 ,you will always have this body1 this mind1 and this spirit that you call ,i1 but this body1 this mind1 this spirit are constantly growing and changing1 and it is quite possible for the owner to direct this growth and change4 ,in order to live well1 in order to possess the joy of life1 and to be helpful to others1 a ,scout needs to apply her motto ,be prepared to herself4 ,strength and beauty should be hers in body1 mind1 and spirit4 ,illustration ,the body responds very readily to proper care and attention4 ,in fact one may have the kind of body that she wishes1 if a beginning is made in youth1 and a plan persistently followed4 ,the joyful exercise of vigorous outdoor games gives the finest type of training to the body1 and at the same time the player enjoys the fun4 ,to be happy and merry has a good effect itself on the body1 while being angry or morose actually saturates the body with slow poisons4 ,the body and mind are very closely related4 ,things that are good for one are good for the other4 ,a girl who develops a strong agile body1 at the same time improves her brain4 ,a girl with weak1 flabby muscles cannot have the strength of character that goes with normal physical power4 ,it has been said1 that health is the vital principle of bliss1 and exercise of health4 ,be ,helpful ,to make others happy is the ,scout's first wish4 ,when you come home from work or school turn your thoughts to those you love at home and try to see what you can do to lighten their burdens or cheer them4 ,it is not beyond the power of a girl to make home peaceful and happy4 ,perhaps there are little ones to think of4 ,they are quick to copy and every good action and kind word of yours may have an effect on them through their whole lives4 ,,do ,a ,,good ,,turn to some one every day4 ,that is one of the ,scout laws4 ,tie a knot that you will have to untie every night1 and before you go to sleep think of the good turn you did that day--if you find you have forgotten1 or that the opportunity has not arisen that day1 do two next day to make up for it4 ,by your ,scout's oath you know you are in honor bound to try to do this4 ,it need be only a small thing4 ,help some one across the street or show him the way to the place he wishes to go4 ,aid a person overburdened with packages1 or pick one up that has dropped4 ,any little thing of this sort will count4 ,habits ',tis today we make tomorrow4 ,one of our wisest men has said that each one of us is a bundle of habits4 ,we are so made that once we perform any act1 that particular thing is ever afterward easier to do4 ,we tend to do the things we have already done4 ,by selecting the right things to do and always doing them1 we actually are making our destiny4 ,each one of us has her character made by her habits4 ,habits are repeated acts1 and we may choose what our habits should be by choosing our acts4 ,as ,scouts we choose to be happy1 loyal1 helpful girls4 ,as we practice the ,scout laws they become a part of us4 ,modesty ,girl ,scouts have often been complimented for their modest bearing4 ,one does not hear them talk about what they have done1 or what they are going to do4 ,they just do the thing and say nothing about it4 ,they go about their business or pleasure quietly and gently1 and never draw attention to themselves unnecessarily by behaving noisily and talking or laughing loudly in public4 ,they should be particularly careful of this when in the company of boys or men4 ,girls and boys should be comrades and should never do anything to lose the respect of older men and women4 ,girls of good feeling should be especially careful to be modest in dress and deportment on social occasions4 ,unfortunately many girls who are perfectly innocent and unconscious1 cause comment and are the cause of improper feelings being aroused among their companions4 ,girls should not risk1 by their manner of dress or method of dancing1 bringing temptation to others4 ,it is easily possible for a girl to exert an excellent influence upon her friends by setting a proper example4 ,reading ,wherever you go you will have the choice of good or bad reading1 and as reading has such a lasting effect on the mind1 you should try to read only good things4 ,if you find that you are tempted by reading rubbish1 it is easy to stop doing so4 ,once you know what your fault is you can fight it squarely4 ,ruskin says1 ,all your faults are gaining on you every hour that you do not fight them4 ,the thing is1 when there is danger before you1 don't stop and think about it1--the more you look at it the less you will like it1--but take the plunge and go boldly in at it1 and it will not be half as bad as it looked1 when you are once in it4 ,this is the way to deal with any difficulty in life4 ,if you have a job1 or if any trouble arises which seems too difficult to meet1 don't shirk it--just smile1 and try and think out a way by which you may get successfully through with it4 ,read in sop's ,fables how the old man advised his son that it was easy to break a bundle of rods1 but only if you took them one at a time4 ,economy ,more women are engaged in housekeeping than in all the other professions and employments combined4 ,this is a difficult profession and requires knowledge and training1 if good results are to be secured4 ,housekeepers need to have a plan1 and especially a budget of expenses4 ,one of the chief duties of housekeeping consists in seeing that there be no waste of any kind4 ,the efficient housekeeper prevents a waste of food1 of light1 fuel1 and of every other item4 ,the wise individual gives special care to preventing a waste of time on the part of herself and others4 ,the real orderly ,girl ,scout has a place for everything and keeps everything in its place4 ,she has a time for performing each of her duties and does it at that time4 ,thrift ,it seems easy to learn how to spend money1 but it is an art to learn how best to spend4 ,scouts gain experience by being allowed to purchase for the company1 also by keeping the accounts1 and they should always keep their own accounts neatly4 ,we have to keep accounts when we grow up1 and it is well to get into the way of measuring our expenditure from the first4 ,you will remember that one of the ,scout laws is to ,,be ,,thrifty4 ,the girl who begins making money young will go on making it as she grows older4 ,it may be difficult at first1 but it will come easier later on1 especially if you earn money by hard work4 ,if you try to make it only by easy means you are bound to lose after a time4 ,any number of poor girls have become rich1 but in nearly every case it was because they meant to do so from the first4 ,they worked for it and put every penny that could be spared into a savings account4 ,the history of the majority of the world's greatest millionaires is that they began life without a dollar4 ,to become a first-class ,scout a girl must have a certain amount in the savings bank before she can have the honor of receiving her badge4 ,by saving only two cents a week at least a dollar a year is saved4 ,employment ,stick to it the thrush sings4 ,one of the worst weaknesses of many people is that they do not have the perseverance to stick to what they have to do4 ,they are always wanting to change4 ,whatever you take up1 do it with all your might1 and stick to it4 ,besides the professions of nursing1 teaching1 stenography and type-writing1 and clerking1 there are many less crowded employments1 such as hair-dressing1 making flowers1 coloring photographs1 assisting dentists1 and gardening4 ,there are many occupations for women1 but before any new employment can be taken up one must begin while young to make plans and begin collecting information4 ,luck is like a street car2 the only way to get it is to look out for every chance and seize it--run at it and jump on2 don't sit down and wait for it to pass4 ,opportunity is a street car which has few stopping places4 ,,choose ,a ,,career3 ,be prepared for what is going to happen to you in the future4 ,try to master one trade so that you will be independent4 ,being punctual is a most important thing4 ,this counts for a great deal in filling any kind of position4 ,be ,observant ,in the early days of human development1 centuries ago1 the chief training men had was gained from fishing1 hunting1 and the other activities of savage life in the woods4 ,this is a very valuable kind of training which city people miss4 ,this knowledge of the woods1 of animals and their habits1 and of all the other phases of nature necessary for life in the open is called ,wood-craft4 ,it is possible to train ourselves to be observant of nature and to develop a keenness of sight and hearing that are very valuable4 ,it is a part of the duty of ,scouts to see and appreciate the beauties of nature1 and not be blind to them as so many people are4 ,try to see everything4 ,consider it almost a disgrace if1 when with others1 they see anything big or small1 high or low1 near or far1 that you fail to discover4 ,see it first if you can4 ,careers ,well educated women can make a good income by taking up translating1 library work1 architecture1 and many professions which formerly have been open only to men4 ,in ,russia1 a municipal fire brigade has been commanded by a young woman4 ,the medical profession offers a great opportunity to women4 ,nursing is more easily learned1 and is of the greatest advantage at the same time1 for every woman is a better wife and mother for having been a nurse first4 ,even so long ago as the first century women devoted their lives to the medical profession1 as ,zenais1 a relative of ,st4 ,paul1 ,leonilla1 and ,hildegarde of ,mont ,rupert4 ,later1 ,nicerate1 in #djd1 studied medicine and practiced with great ability4 ,fifty years ago no woman could become a doctor4 ,now it is within the power of any intelligent girl1 through study and perseverance1 to enter the medical profession1 and even to rise to distinction and to honorable celebrity4 ,mme4 ,curie has done such wonderful work in chemistry1 that the ,academy of ,paris has long debated whether she should not be made an academician for her discoveries in connection with polonium and radium4 ,study ,each one of us has her own destiny in her control1 and has her own personal problems in life to settle4 ,thus1 we all need all the knowledge and wisdom that we can secure4 ,each one of us should be a student1 ever growing in power of thought and in usefulness to others4 ,too many people think that education consists in memorizing all kinds of information exactly as it is put down in the books4 ,what each one of us really needs is to have a mind that can think definitely and intelligently upon all the problems presented in life4 ,it is possible for us to train our minds for this kind of useful and independent thought4 ,in the first place we should select subjects for study that are of real interest because they bear upon some problem that concerns us4 ,whenever we begin to read a book1 or undertake any topic of study1 it should be done with a definite purpose in mind4 ,propose to yourself some question that you expect to be answered by this book1 or by this subject4 ,do not be satisfied with the statement of one author1 but also find out what other authors say1 and what some of your friends think upon this question4 ,when you have done this1 try to arrange the different thoughts and statements according to a plan4 ,pick out the largest truth in the whole matter and arrange other statements or thoughts as they are related to this central one4 ,making an outline of a book is an excellent plan4 ,do not commit yourself entirely to the author's point of view1 if it does not agree with your own4 ,each one of us has a distinct individuality and is entitled to his own views1 to a certain extent4 ,however1 we should keep our minds open1 ready to accept new truths as they are brought to our attention4 ,science and knowledge are constantly advancing1 and what we believe now1 we may find1 some years hence1 to be only a part of the truth4 ,thus1 it is not necessary to memorize lessons and subjects until after we have thought out what the real meaning is1 and arranged the whole subject on a definite plan4 ,then1 we will usually find that we know the topic without having to memorize it formally4 ,finally we should try to put to use the ideas we have gained4 ,the real value of ideas lies in making them serve us4 ,when you have actually put into practice some bit of knowledge1 you may then feel that it really belongs to you4 ,in our work and study we need to learn to devote our whole attention to one thing1--to do this one thing with all the power that we have4 ,too many of us form a habit of dividing our attention1 trying to carry two things in mind at the same time4 ,this is a weakness that interferes with our success4 ,if we are truly interested1 we should put our whole attention upon the one matter and develop power of concentration4 ,to make what has been said about study clearer1 let us use an illustration4 ,suppose one of our ,girl ,scouts is fond of gardening4 ,the family has no garden1 and there is a vacant space in the yard that could be used for this purpose4 ,she begins the reading of one of the farmers' bulletins on this subject1 and has in mind1 all the time1 making a garden of her own4 ,this object of making her own garden is her guide in the study4 ,she wishes to learn what plants are best suited to her plot1 which ones will give her the best return for the kind of soil that she has1 and so1 as she reads1 she chooses for herself from the ideas that are presented4 ,the whole subject is arranged in her own mind around her own plan of making a garden4 ,after reading this bulletin she is likely to consult her friends who know anything about this subject1 and to read other articles4 ,finally she puts into practice the notions she has gathered1 and finds through actual trial whether they succeed or not4 ,if she is successful in growing flowers and vegetables1 the ideas have been put to a very practical and beneficial use4 ,this girl will know a great deal more about gardening than if she merely read the book4 ,patriotism ,you belong to the great ,united ,states of ,america1 one of the great world powers for enlightenment and liberty4 ,it did not just grow as circumstances chanced to form it4 ,it is the work of your forefathers who spent brains and blood to complete it4 ,even when brothers fought they fought with the wrath of conviction1 and when menaced by a foreign foe they swung into line shoulder to shoulder with no thought but for their country4 ,in all that you do think of your country first4 ,we are all twigs in the same fagot1 and every little girl goes to make up some part or parcel of our great whole nation4 ,part ,,ii ,,membership ,this ,organization is ,non-,sectarian and ,non-,political ,any girl over ten years old may become a ,girl ,scout and she may belong to other organizations at the same time4 ,she first ranks as ,tenderfoot or third-class ,girl ,scout1 then1 after one month1 she becomes1 after passing certain tests1 a second-class ,girl ,scout1 and finally attains the rank of first-class ,girl ,scout4 ,after she has reached the age of eighteen1 a girl can become a lieutenant1 and when she is twenty-one years old she may become a captain if she has passed the first-class examinations4 ,girl ,scouts' patrols in ,europe are sometimes formed by grown-up women1 who wish to carry out the ,girl ,scout program of preparedness1 and these are called ,senior ,scouts4 ,grades ,tenderfoot ,second ,class ,first ,class ,officers of the ,local ,organization ,a ,commissioner4 ,the duties of a ,commissioner are3 ,to inspect companies and patrols and advise how to conduct them according to the principles found in the ,handbook4 ,to secure the harmonious co-operation of all the captains in the district4 ,to be the authority for recommending the issue or the denial of captains' certificates before they are sent to ,headquarters4 ,to foster the movement generally throughout the district4 7,where there is no ,secretary1 the ,commissioner must organize the examinations for ,merit ,badges47 ,to forward the semi-annual reports to ,headquarters4 ,a ,secretary4 ,the duty of a ,secretary is to be the local executive officer4 ,she shall have charge of ,headquarters and other property of the local organization4 ,she shall have a general supervision of the captains and instruct new captains in their duties4 ,she shall keep a record of all the troops1 the names and addresses of the captains and the councilors of ,girl ,scouts1 and such other information in regard to them as may be necessary for her work4 ,she shall receive all the applications for ,girl ,scout captains' certificates and send these applications to ,headquarters4 ,where a local council exists1 all applications must be approved by the local council4 ,she shall render a report at the regular meetings of the local board of councilors on the condition and progress of the ,girl ,scouts4 ,she shall notify all the members of the annual1 regular1 and special meetings4 ,she shall attend all the public meetings connected with the organization4 ,a ,treasurer4 ,the duties of a ,treasurer3 ,she shall keep an itemized account of all receipts and disbursements in a book1 and present a written report at the regular meeting of the board of councilors4 ,she shall pay only those bills that have been signed by the ,commissioner and ,secretary4 ,she shall make an annual report and produce the vouchers which shall be submitted to an auditor at least one week before the annual meeting4 ,all the local organization's funds shall pass through her hands4 ,a ,captain4 ,the duties of a ,captain3 ,the captain has the power to enroll ,scouts and to recommend them to the local committee for badges and medals4 ,she also has the power to release a ,scout from her promise1 and to withdraw her badges at any time1 and to discharge her4 ,a ,scout who considers herself unjustly treated may appeal to the local council4 ,their decision shall be final4 ,the captain must apply to ,national ,headquarters for an official certificate4 ,her application must be accompanied by the names of two prominent citizens1 and in places where a local council is established her application must be sent through the local council or court of honor and be endorsed by one member of the council4 ,the qualifications for a captain shall be3 ,a general knowledge of the ,handbook for ,girl ,scouts4 ,a full appreciation of the religious and moral aim underlying the practical instruction of the entire scheme of training4 ,personal standing and character such as will insure a good moral influence over the girls1 and sufficient steadfastness of purpose to carry out the work with energy and perseverance4 ,age not less than twenty-one years4 ,a captain is assumed to have passed the first-class ,scout ,test4 ,she wears the all-round cords1 if she prefers to do so1 instead of putting on all the separate badges as the girls do4 ,captains may join the ,red ,cross or any other organization or club4 ,officers' certificates must be returned if the officer resigns or if the certificate is cancelled1 as these are the property of the ,president4 ,a ,lieutenant3 ,the duties of a lieutenant are the same as those of a captain in the absence of the captain4 ,she is chosen by the captain to work with her1 and must be over eighteen years of age4 ,lieutenants may wear captains' badges after passing the first-class test4 ,a ,patrol ,leader is selected in each patrol by the girls themselves 7or1 if the girls desire it1 by the captain74 ,she holds her office for six months or a year4 ,the girls are apt to select the right girl for the place4 ,the patrol leader must be what her name implies1 ,a ,leader1 for she stands next to the captain and lieutenant1 and takes either place in their absence4 ,the patrol must not look upon her as a ,boss4 ,this feeling must not enter into the patrol affairs at all1 but the girls must remember that they have put her there1 and they must do all they can to uphold her and support her in the work4 ,if she is the right sort of girl no such feeling will arise4 ,if a patrol leader gives an order that a ,girl ,scout does not like or think fair1 the ,scout must obey the order1 but later on she may talk it over with her patrol leader4 ,if1 still1 she is dissatisfied1 she may go to her captain1 who must decide the matter4 ,if the patrol leader is not a good officer1 the captain may reduce her to ,scout rank and have another election4 ,the patrol leader appoints one of her girls as a ,corporal1 who takes her place when she is absent1 and assists her in keeping the patrol leader's books4 ,the duties of the patrol leader are to call the roll and keep a record of attendance of her patrol4 ,the patrol leader keeps a record of the dues4 ,patrol leaders' registers may be obtained at ,headquarters4 ,the patrol leader is responsible for leaving the club room in perfect order4 ,she may have her corporal assist her in tidying up1 or she may choose some girls to help her4 ,patrol ,officers3 ,each patrol selects its own secretary or scribe4 ,the duties of a secretary3 ,to keep a record of what is done at the meetings2 to receive and answer letters4 ,patrol ,nurse4 ,the duty of a patrol nurse is to take care of any accidents to the girls during a hike or a picnic4 ,she should possess a first-aid kit4 ,,qualifications ,,for ,,the ,,three ,,grades ,,of ,,girl ,,scouts ,the ,tests ,a ,tenderfoot 7,badge1 a ,brooch7 must be ten years old4 ,before making the ,scout ,promise1 she must know3 ,how to tie four of the following knots3 reef1 sheet-bend1 clove hitch1 bowline1 fisherman's1 and sheep-shank 7see p4 #fh74 ,the name of the ,governor of the ,state and of the ,mayor of the city4 ,the ,history of the ,flag1 and how to fly it 7see p4 #ace74 ,the ten ,scout ,laws4 ,a ,second-,class ,girl ,scout 7,badge1 worn on left arm7 must have had one month's service as ,third-,class ,scout4 ,she must pass the following tests3 ,must have made a drawing of1 or cut out and made in cloth or on paper1 the ,flag of the ,united ,states4 ,know how to cook one simple dish1 such as potatoes or a quarter of a pound of meat4 ,lay a fire in stove1 or light a fire in the open with two matches4 ,make a bed properly1 and know how to make an invalid's bed4 ,know her own measurements 7see cards at ,headquarters for details of measurement74 ,must know the eight points of the compass 7see compass1 p4 #ga74 ,must know what to do in case of fire 7see p4 #abe74 ,must know remedy for poison ivy and what to do to prevent frost-bite 7see pp4 #acd and #ace74 ,must know health habits 7page #if74 ,must know how to work a button-hole1 or knit or crochet1 sew a seam and hem a garment4 ,must know ,morse alphabet or semaphore alphabet4 ,a ,first-,class ,scout 7,badge1 sewn on left sleeve above elbow1 which entitles the wearer to go in for all-round cords7 must have gained a ,second-,class ,badge4 ,must know how to set a table properly for breakfast1 dinner1 and supper4 ,bring a shirt-waist or skirt sewn by herself or equivalent needlework4 ,be able to describe how to get a specified place and walk one mile in twenty minutes4 ,must be able to dress and bathe a child two years old or younger 7see p4 #abb74 ,be able to pass an examination upon the first three chapters of the woman's edition of the ,american ,red ,cross ,abridged ,text-,book in ,first ,aid4 ,must have knowledge of signaling and of semaphore code or ,international alphabet 7p4 #ge71 writing #cb letters per minute4 ,must have #ej cents in savings bank earned by herself4 ,must produce a girl trained by herself in tests1 ,tenderfoot ,class4 ,know how to distinguish and name ten trees1 ten wild flowers1 ten wild animals1 ten wild birds4 ,must know simple laws of sanitation1 health and ventilation 7pp4 #aaa to #aae74 ,swim fifty yards in her clothes or show a list of twelve satisfactory good turns4 ,show points of compass without a compass4 ,must give correctly the ,scouts' secret passwords4 ,the subjects for proficiency badges may be undertaken after a girl becomes a ,second-,class ,girl ,scout1 and the interest in her work is thus continuous4 ,the badges for proficiency are registered and are issued only by ,headquarters4 ,,enrollment ,ceremony of ,investiture of ,scouts ,the ceremonial for a ,tenderfoot to be invested as a ,scout should be a serious and earnest function4 ,the captain calls ,fall in4 ,the patrol is formed in a horseshoe1 with captain and lieutenant in the gap1 and the ,american flag spread out4 ,the ,tenderfoot1 with her patrol leader 7who will already have taught her tests and knots71 stands just inside the circle1 opposite the captain4 ,salute4 ,all salute her4 ,the lieutenant holds the staff and hat1 shoulder-knot and badge1 and neckerchief of the ,tenderfoot4 ,when ordered to come forward by the captain1 the patrol leader brings the ,tenderfoot to the center4 ,the captain then asks3 ,do you know what your honor means8 ,the ,tenderfoot replies3 ,yes1 it means that ,i can be trusted to be truthful and honest--7or words to that effect74 ,captain3 ,can ,i trust you on your honor to be loyal to ,god and the country1 to help other people at all times1 and to obey the ,scout ,law8 ,the ,tenderfoot then makes the half salute1 and so do the whole company1 whilst she says3 ,i promise1 on my honor to be loyal to ,god and my country1 to help other people at all times1 and to obey the ,scout ,law4 ,the captain then says3 ,i trust you1 on your honor1 to keep this promise4 ,whilst the recruit is making her promises aloud1 all the ,scouts remember their own promises1 and vow anew to keep them4 ,the captain orders3 ,invest4 ,the patrol leader then steps out1 gives the ,tenderfoot her staff1 and puts her hat1 neckerchief1 and knot on her4 ,she then marches up the line to the captain1 who pins on her trefoil badge1 and explains that it is her ,scout's life4 ,if1 for misbehavior1 her trefoil or life has to be taken from her1 she becomes a dead ,scout for the time the captain orders--a day or a week--and is in disgrace4 ,the badge may be worn at all times1 but the uniform is worn only when the patrol meets4 ,the new ,scout is then initiated into the mysteries of secret passwords ,be ,prepared 7said backwards74 ,the captain orders3 ,to your patrol--quick march4 ,the whole patrol salute and shoulder staves2 the new ,scout and her patrol leader march back to their places4 ,these badges being the registered designs of the ,corps1 do not belong to the girls who have passed the tests4 ,the equipment does not belong to the girl except by special permission4 ,any person wearing ,girl ,scouts' badges without permission is liable to be prosecuted according to law1 and may incur a penalty4 ,offenses1 such as people who are not enrolled saluting1 outsiders wearing ,girl ,scouts' badges1 or ,monkey patrols wearing ,girl ,scouts' uniforms1 must be dealt with by trial at a ,court of ,honor to determine the forfeit or penalties to be imposed on the culprits4 ,captains have the power to dismiss a ,scout1 and the badge and the buttons of her uniform must then be returned4 ,,badges ,,and ,,awards ,the ,badge ,illustration ,the ,girl ,scout badge is a clover leaf1 the three leaves representing the ,girl ,scout promises3 7#a7 ,to do her duty to ,god and her country4 7#b7 ,to help other people at all times4 7#c7 ,to obey the ,scout law4 ,when to ,wear the ,badge ,a girl asked me what were the occasions on which she might wear her badge1 thinking it was not for everyday use4 ,the reply was1 ,you may wear your badge any day and any hour when you are doing what you think is right4 ,it is only when you are doing wrong that you must take it off2 as you would not then be keeping your ,scout promises4 ,thus you should either take off the badge1 or stop doing what you think is wrong4 ,the ,thanks ,badge ,the ,thanks badge may be given to any one to whom a ,girl ,scout owes gratitude4 ,every ,girl ,scout throughout the whole world when she sees the thanks badge1 recognizes that the person who wears it is a friend and it is her duty to salute and ask if she can be of service to the wearer of the badge4 ,illustration3 ,the ,thanks ,badge4 ,the approval of ,national ,headquarters must be obtained before a thanks badge is presented to any one4 ,medals for ,meritorious ,deeds ,these medals are granted only by ,headquarters1 or by the ,president on special recommendation from the captain1 who should send in a full account with written evidence from two witnesses of the case4 ,these are worn on the right breast1 and are awarded as follows3 ,life-,saving ,medals ,the ,bronze ,cross4 7,red ,ribbon47 ,presented as the highest possible award for gallantry1 this medal may be won only when the claimant has shown special heroism or has faced extraordinary risk of life in saving life4 ,the ,silver ,cross 7,blue ,ribbon7 is given for gallantry1 with considerable risk to herself4 ,illustration3 ,bronze and ,silver ,cross for ,saving ,life4 ,the ,badge of ,merit 7,gilt ,wreath4 ,white ,ribbon71 for a ,scout who does her duty exceptionally well1 though without grave risks to herself1 or for specially good work in recruiting on behalf of the ,girl ,scout movement1 or for especially good record at school for one year in attendance and lessons is awarded when full records of such deeds accompany the claim4 ,illustration3 ,gilt ,medal of ,merit4 ,how to ,become a ,golden ,eaglet ,to secure this honor a ,girl ,scout must win fourteen of the following badges3 ,ambulance1 ,clerk1 ,cook1 ,child-nurse1 ,dairy-maid1 ,matron1 ,musician1 ,needlewoman1 ,naturalist1 ,sick-nurse1 ,pathfinder1 ,pioneer1 ,signaler1 ,swimmer1 ,athletics1 ,health or ,civics4 ,in examining for tests one of the ,court of ,honor should1 if possible1 be present4 ,the ,local ,committee should be satisfied1 through the recommendation of the girls' captain1 that the tests were satisfactorily performed4 ,,tests ,,for ,,merit ,,badges ,a girl must become a ,second ,class ,scout before she is eligible for the proficiency tests4 ,merit badges are issued to those who show proficiency in the various subjects listed in this chapter4 ,these badges are registered at ,headquarters and are issued from no other source4 ,the purpose of the various tests is to secure continuity of work and interest on the part of the girls4 ,the girl who wins one of these merit badges has her interest stimulated and gains a certain knowledge of the subject4 ,it is not to be understood that the knowledge required to obtain a badge is sufficient to qualify one to earn a living in that branch of industry4 ,merit ,badges #a4 ,ambulance4 7,maltese ,red ,cross47 ,illustration ,to obtain a badge for ,first ,aid or ,ambulance a ,girl ,scout must have knowledge of the ,sylvester or ,schaefer methods of resuscitation in cases of drowning4 ,must pass examination on first three chapters of ,woman's ,edition of ,red ,cross ,abridged ,text ,book on ,first ,aid4 ,treatment and bandaging the injured 7p4 #aca74 ,how to stop bleeding 7p4 #acc74 ,how to apply a tourniquet 7p4 #acd74 ,treatment of ivy poison 7p4 #acd74 ,treatment of snake-bite 7p4 #ei74 ,treatment of frost-bite 7p4 #ace74 ,how to remove cinder from eye 7p4 #abd74 #b4 ,artist4 7,palette47 ,illustration ,to obtain an artist's badge a ,girl ,scout must draw or paint in oils or water colors from nature2 or model in clay or plasticine or modeling wax from plaster casts or from life2 or describe the process of etching1 half-tone engraving1 color printing or lithographing2 or ,arts and ,crafts3 ,carve in wood2 work in metals2 do cabinet work4 #c4 ,athletics4 7,indian ,clubs47 ,illustration ,to obtain this badge a ,scout must3 #a4 ,write a #ejj-word article on value of ,athletics to girls1 giving proper method of dressing and naming activities most beneficial4 #b4 ,be a member of a gymnasium class of supervised athletics or a member of an active team for field work4 #c4 ,understand the rules of basket ball1 volley ball1 long ball1 tether ball1 tennis and captain ball4 #d4 ,must be able to float1 swim1 dive and undress in water4 #e4 ,know and be able to teach twenty popular games4 #d4 ,attendance4 7,annual47 7,badge1 ,silver ,star47 ,must complete one year of regular attendance4 #e4 ,automobiling4 7,a ,wheel47 ,illustration #a4 ,must pass an examination equal to that required to obtain a permit or license to operate an automobile in her community4 #b4 ,know how to start a motor and be able to do it and be able to explain necessary precautions4 #c4 ,know how to extinguish burning oil or gasoline4 #d4 ,comply with such requirements as are imposed by body conducting the test for licensing drivers4 #f4 ,aviation4 7,monoplane47 ,illustration ,to obtain a merit badge for aviation1 a ,scout must3 #a4 ,have a knowledge of the theory of the aeroplane1 helicopter1 and ornithopter1 and of the spherical and dirigible balloon4 #b4 ,have made a working model of any type of heavier than air machine1 that will fly at least twenty-five yards2 and have built a box kite that will fly4 #c4 ,have a knowledge of the types and makes of engines used for aeroplanes1 of the best known makes of aeroplanes1 and of feats performed or of records made by famous aviators4 #d4 ,have a knowledge of names of famous airships 7dirigibles7 and some of their records4 #e4 ,understand the difference between aviation and aerostation1 and know the types of apparatus which come under these two heads4 #g4 ,bird ,study4 7,bird47 ,illustration ,to secure this badge a ,scout must3 #a4 ,give list of #cj well known wild birds of ,united ,states4 #b4 ,state game bird laws of her ,state4 #c4 ,give list of #cj wild birds personally observed and identified in the open4 #d4 ,give list of #aj wild birds sold as cage birds4 #e4 ,name #aj birds that destroy rats and mice4 #f4 ,give list of #be birds of value to farmers and fruit growers in the destruction of insect pests on crops and trees4 #g4 ,give name and location of #b large bird refuges1 explain the reason for their establishment and the birds they protect4 #h4 ,tell what the ,audubon ,society is and how it endeavors to conserve the birds of beautiful plumage4 #i4 ,what an aigret is1 how obtained1 and from what bird4 7,land ,birds and ,water ,birds1 ,c4 ,a4 ,reed47 7,the ,department of ,agriculture has a number of bulletins on birds4 ,see list47 #aj4 ,what methods to attract birds winter and summer4 #h4 ,boatswain4 7,anchor47 ,illustration ,to obtain a badge for seamanship a ,girl ,scout must3 #a4 ,be able to tie six knots4 #b4 ,be able to row1 pole1 scull1 or steer a boat4 #c4 ,land a boat and make fast4 #d4 ,state directions by sun and stars4 #e4 ,swim #ej yards with clothes and shoes on4 #f4 ,box the compass and have a knowledge of tides4 #g4 ,know rules of the road for steamers and power boats1 also lights for boats underway4 ,see ,pilot ,rules1 ,gov4 ,ptg4 ,office1 ,washington1 ,d4 ,c4 #i4 ,child-,nurse4 7,green ,cross47 ,illustration ,to obtain this badge a ,girl ,scout must3 #a4 ,take care of a child for two hours each day for a month1 or care for a baby for one hour a day for a month4 #b4 ,know how to bathe and dress a baby4 7,examination should be made with infant present1 if possible47 #c4 ,should understand care of children1 have elementary knowledge as to their food1 clothing1 etc4 #d4 ,know three kindergarten games and describe treatment of simple ailments4 #e4 ,be able to make poultices1 and do patching and darning4 #f4 ,know how to test bath heat and use of thermometer2 count the pulse 7p4 #abc74 #aj4 ,clerk4 7,pen and ,paper47 ,illustration #a4 ,must have legible handwriting2 ability to typewrite2 a knowledge of spelling and punctuation2 a library hand2 or1 as an alternative1 write in shorthand from dictation at twenty words a minute as a minimum4 #b4 ,ability to write a letter from memory on a subject given verbally five minutes previously4 #c4 ,knowledge of simple bookkeeping and arithmetic4 #d4 ,keep complete account of personal receipts and expenditure for six months1 or household accounts for three months4 #aa4 ,civics4 7,eight-point ,star47 ,illustration ,to obtain this badge a ,scout must3 #a4 ,be able to recite the preamble to the ,constitution4 #b4 ,be able to state the chief requirements of citizenship of a voter1 in her state1 territory or district4 #c4 ,be able to outline the principal points in the naturalization laws in the ,united ,states4 #d4 ,know how a president is elected and installed in office1 also method of electing vice-president1 senators1 representatives1 giving the term of office and salary of each4 #e4 ,be able to name the officers of the ,president's ,cabinet and their portfolios4 #f4 ,the number of ,justices of the ,supreme ,court of the ,united ,states1 the method of their appointment and the term of office4 #g4 ,know how the ,governor of her state1 the lieutenant-governor1 senators and representatives are elected and their term of office4 ,also explain the government of the ,district of ,columbia and give the method of filling the offices4 #h4 ,know the principal officers in her town or city and how elected and the term of office4 #i4 ,know the various city departments1 and their duties1 such as fire1 police1 board of health1 charities and education4 #aj4 ,be able to name and give location of public buildings and points of interest in her city or town4 #aa4 ,tell the history and object of the ,declaration of ,independence4 #ab4 ,cook4 7,gridiron47 ,illustration #a4 ,must know how to wash up1 wait on table1 light a fire1 lay a table for four1 and hand dishes correctly at table4 #b4 ,clean and dress fowl4 #c4 ,clean a fish4 #d4 ,how to make a cook place in the open4 #e4 ,make tea1 coffee or cocoa1 mix dough and make bread in oven and state approximately cost of each dish4 #f4 ,know how to make up a dish out of what was left over from the meals of the day before4 #g4 ,know the order in which a full course dinner is served4 #h4 ,know how to cook two kinds of meat4 #i4 ,boil or bake two kinds of vegetables successfully4 #aj4 ,how to make two salads4 #aa4 ,how to make a preserve of berries or fruit1 or how to can them4 #ab4 ,estimate cost of food per day for one week4 #ac4 ,invalid ,cooking4 7,a palm leaf47 ,illustration #a4 ,how to make gruel1 barley water1 milk toast1 oyster or clam soup1 beef tea1 chicken jelly4 #ad4 ,cyclist4 7,a ,wheel47 ,illustration #a4 ,own a bicycle4 #b4 ,be able to mend a tire4 #c4 ,pledge herself to give the services of her bicycle to the government in case of need4 #d4 ,if she ceases to own a bicycle1 she must return the badge4 #e4 ,read a map properly4 #f4 ,know how to make reports if sent out scouting on a road4 #ae4 ,dairy4 7,sickle47 ,illustration #a4 ,know how to test cow's milk with ,babcock ,test 7p4 #aai74 #b4 ,to make butter4 #c4 ,how to milk4 #d4 ,know how to do general dairy work1 such as cleaning pans1 etc41 sterilizing utensils4 #e4 ,know how to feed1 kill1 and dress poultry4 #f4 ,test five cows for ten days each with ,babcock ,test and make proper reports4 #af4 ,electricity4 7,lightning47 ,to obtain a merit badge for ,electricity1 a ,scout must3 #a4 ,illustrate the experiment by which the laws of electrical attraction and repulsion are shown4 #b4 ,understand the difference between a direct and an alternating current1 and show uses to which each is adapted4 ,give a method of determining which kind flows in a given circuit4 #c4 ,make a simple electro-magnet4 #d4 ,have an elementary knowledge of the construction of simple battery cells1 and of the working of electric bells and telephones4 #e4 ,be able to replace fuses and to properly splice1 solder1 and tape rubber-covered wires4 #f4 ,demonstrate how to rescue a person in contact with a live electrical wire1 and have a knowledge of the method of resuscitation of a person insensible from shock4 #ag4 ,farmer4 7,sun47 ,illustration #a4 ,incubating chickens1 feeding and rearing chickens under hens4 #b4 ,storing eggs 7p4 #aaf74 #c4 ,knowledge of bees4 #d4 ,swarming1 hiving and use of artificial combs4 #e4 ,care of pigs4 #f4 ,how to cure hams 7p4 #abj74 #g4 ,know how to pasteurize milk 7page #aaf74 #ah4 ,gardening4 7,a ,trowel47 ,illustration #a4 ,participate in the home and school garden work of her community4 #b4 ,plan1 make and care for either a back-yard garden1 or a window garden for one season4 #c4 ,give plan of her work1 the flowers or vegetables planted1 the size and cost of her plot and the profit gained therefrom4 #d4 ,she must also supervise or directly care for the home lawns1 flower beds2 attend to the watering1 the mowing of the grass1 keeping yards free from waste paper and rubbish1 to the clipping of shrubbery and hedges4 ,this test is open to scouts already in the ,girls' ,garden and ,canning ,clubs throughout the country and a duplicate of their reports1 sent in for their season's work1 to the state agricultural agents1 or agricultural colleges1 in co-operation with the ,department of ,agriculture of the ,united ,states1 may be submitted as their test material for this badge4 ,farmers' ,bulletins1 #bah1 #ahe1 #aie4 #ai4 ,personal ,health4 7,dumb-bells47 ,illustration ,to obtain a badge for personal health1 a ,scout must3 #a4 ,eat no sweets1 candy1 or cake between meals for three months4 #b4 ,drink nothing but water1 chocolate1 or cocoa for a year4 #c4 ,walk a mile daily for three months4 #d4 ,sleep with open window4 #e4 ,take a bath daily for a year1 or sponge bath4 #f4 ,write a statement of the care of the teeth1 and show that her teeth are in good condition as a result of proper care4 #g4 ,tell the difference in effect of a cold bath and a hot bath4 #h4 ,describe the effect of lack of sleep and improper nourishment on the growing girl4 #i4 ,tell how to care for the feet on a march4 #aj4 ,describe a good healthful game and state its merits4 #aa4 ,tell the dangers of specialization and over-training in the various forms of athletics1 and the advantages of an all-around development4 #ab4 ,give five rules of health which if followed will keep a girl healthy 7page #if74 #bj4 ,public ,health4 7,u4 ,s4 ,a4 ,flag47 ,illustration #a4 ,write an article1 not over #ejj words1 about the country-wide campaign against the housefly1 and why1 giving the diseases it transmits and make a diagram showing how the fly carries diseases1 typhoid1 tuberculosis and malaria4 7,see ,public ,health ,service ,bulletins on these subjects47 7,also see page #aag47 #b4 ,tell how to cleanse and purify a house after the presence of contagious disease4 #c4 ,state the laws of her community for reporting contagious disease4 #d4 ,tell how a city should protect its supplies of milk1 meat and exposed foods4 #e4 ,tell how these articles should be cared for in the home4 7,see ,farmers' ,bulletin--,care of ,food in the ,home47 7,also see pages #aae and #aaf47 #f4 ,tell how her community cares for its garbage4 #g4 ,state rules for keeping ,girl ,scout camp sanitary--disposal of garbage1 rubbish1 etc4 #ba4 ,horsemanship4 7,spur47 ,illustration #a4 ,demonstrate riding at a walk1 trot and gallop4 #b4 ,know how to saddle and bridle a horse correctly1 and how to groom a horse properly4 #c4 ,know how to harness correctly in a single or double harness1 and how to drive4 #d4 ,know how to tether and hobble and when to give feed and drink4 #e4 ,state lighting up time1 city law4 #f4 ,how to stop run-away horse 7page #ace74 #bb4 ,home-,nursing4 7,red ,cross1 ,green ,ring47 ,illustration #a4 ,must pass tests recommended by ,american ,red ,cross ,text ,book and ,elementary ,hygiene and ,home ,care of the ,sick1 by ,jane ,a4 ,delaro1 ,department of the ,american ,red ,cross4 ,these tests may be had from ,headquarters1 upon request4 #b4 ,know how to make invalid's bed4 #c4 ,know how to take temperature2 how to count pulse and respirations4 #d4 ,know how to prepare six dishes of food suitable to give an invalid4 #bc4 ,housekeeper4 7,crossed ,keys47 ,illustration #a4 ,tell how a house should be planned to give efficiency in housework4 #b4 ,know how to use a vacuum cleaner1 how to stain and polish hardwood floors1 how to clean wire window screens1 how to put away furs and flannels1 how to clean glass1 kitchen utensils1 brass and sinks4 #c4 ,marketing4 ,know three different cuts of meat and prices of each4 ,know season for chief fruits and vegetables1 fish and game4 ,know how flour1 sugar1 rice1 cereals and vegetables are sold2 whether by packages1 pound1 or bulk1 quarts1 etc4 #d4 ,tell how to choose furniture4 #e4 ,make a list of table and kitchen utensils1 dishes for dining-room and glasses necessary for a family of four people4 #f4 ,how to make a fireless cooker1 small refrigerator and window box for winter use4 #g4 ,prepare a budget showing proper per cent of income to be used for food1 shelter1 clothing1 savings1 etc4 #bd4 ,interpreter4 7,clasped ,hands47 ,illustration #a4 ,be able to carry on a simple conversation in any other language than her own4 #b4 ,write a letter in a foreign language4 #c4 ,read or translate a passage from a book or newspaper in ,french1 ,german1 ,italian1 or in any other language than her own4 #be4 ,laundress4 7,flatiron47 ,illustration #a4 ,know how to wash and iron a garment1 clear starch and how to do up a blouse4 #b4 ,press a skirt and coat4 #c4 ,know how to use soap and starch1 how to soften hard water1 and how to use a wringer or mangle4 #bf4 ,marksmanship4 7,rifles47 ,illustration #a4 ,pass tests in judging distances1 #cjj to #fjj yards and in miniature rifle shooting1 any position1 twenty rounds at #ae or #be yards1 #hj out of #ajj4 #b4 ,know how to load pistol1 how to fire and aim or use it4 #c4 ,or be proficient in fencing or archery4 #bg4 ,music4 7,harp47 ,illustration #a4 ,know how to play a musical instrument4 ,be able to do sight reading4 ,have a knowledge of note signs and terms4 #b4 ,name two master composers and two of their greatest works4 #c4 ,be able to name all of the #be instruments in the orchestra in their proper order4 #d4 ,never play rag time music1 except for dancing4 ,or1 as an alternative3 #a4 ,have a knowledge of singing4 ,have a pleasing voice4 #b4 ,know two ,scout songs and be able to sing them1 or lead the ,scout ,troop in singing4 #c4 ,be able to do sight reading4 #d4 ,have a knowledge of note signs and terms4 ,or1 as an alternative3 #a4 ,sound correctly on a ,bugle the customary army calls of the ,united ,states4 #bh4 ,naturalist4 7,flower47 ,illustration #a4 ,make a collection of fifty species of wild flowers1 ferns and grasses and correctly name them4 ,or1 #a4 ,fifty colored drawings of wild flowers1 ferns or grasses drawn by herself4 #b4 ,twelve sketches or photographs of animal life4 #bi4 ,needlewoman4 7,scissors47 ,illustration #a4 ,know how to cut and fit4 ,how to sew by hand and by machine4 #b4 ,know how to knit1 embroider or crochet4 #c4 ,bring two garments cut out by herself2 sew on hooks and eyes and buttons4 ,make a button-hole4 #d4 ,produce satisfactory examples of darning and patching4 #cj4 ,pathfinder4 7,hand47 ,illustration #a4 ,know the topography of the city1 all the public buildings1 public schools1 and monuments4 #b4 ,know how to use the fire alarm4 #c4 ,in the country know the country lanes and roads and by-paths1 so as to be able to direct and guide people at any time in finding their way4 #d4 ,know the distance to four neighboring towns and how to get to these towns4 #e4 ,draw a map of the neighborhood with roads leading to cities and towns4 #f4 ,be able to state the points of the compass by stars or the sun1 using watch as compass when sun is invisible4 #ca4 ,pioneer4 7,axes47 ,illustration #a4 ,tie six knots4 ,make a camp kitchen4 #b4 ,build a shack suitable for three occupants4 #cb4 ,photography4 7,camera47 #a4 ,know use of lens1 construction of camera1 effect of light on sensitive films and the action of developers4 #b4 ,be able to show knowledge of several printing processes4 #c4 ,produce #ab photos of scout activities1 half indoor and half outdoors1 taken1 developed and printed by herself1 also #c pictures of either birds1 animals1 or fish in their natural haunts1 #c portraits and #c landscapes4 #cc4 ,scribe4 7,open ,book47 ,illustration #a4 ,must present a certificate from teacher of her school1 showing a year's record of excellence in scholarship1 attendance and deportment4 #b4 ,describe in an article1 not to exceed a thousand words1 how a newspaper is made2 its different departments1 the functions of its staff2 how the local news is gathered2 how the news of the world is gathered and disseminated4 #c4 ,define briefly a news item4 #d4 ,define briefly an editorial4 #e4 ,define briefly a special story4 #f4 ,tell how printer's ink is made4 #g4 ,tell how paper is made4 #h4 ,describe evolution of typesetting from hand composition to machine composition4 #i4 ,write #ab news articles 7preferably one a month71 not to exceed #ejj words each1 on events that come within the observation of the ,scout that are not public news1 as for instance1 school athletic events1 entertainments of ,scouts1 church or school1 neighborhood incidents4 #aj4 ,write a special story on some phase of scout-craft1 a hike1 or camping experience1 etc4 ,or1 as an alternative3 ,write a good poem4 ,write a good story4 ,know principal ,american authors of prose and verse in the past and present century4 #cd4 ,signaling4 7,two ,flags47 ,illustration #a4 ,send and receive a message in two of the following systems of signaling3 ,semaphore1 ,morse4 ,not fewer than twenty-four letters a minute4 #b4 ,receive signals by sound1 whistle1 bugle or buzzer4 #c4 ,or general service 7,international ,morse ,code74 #ce4 ,swimmer4 7,life-buoy47 ,illustration #a4 ,swim fifty yards in clothes1 skirt and boots4 #b4 ,demonstrate diving4 #c4 ,artificial respiration4 #d4 ,flinging a life-line4 #e4 ,flinging a life-buoy4 #f4 ,saving the drowning4 ,requirements for examination must be sent to parents of candidate for approval4 ,approval must also be obtained from the family physician or some other doctor4 #cf4 ,telegraphy4 7,telegraph ,pole47 ,illustration #a4 ,be able to read and send a message in ,morse and in ,continental ,code1 twenty letters per minute1 or must obtain a certificate for wireless telegraphy4 7,these certificates are awarded by ,government instructors47 7,see p4 #gg47 ,illustration3 ,captain's ,badge ,part ,,iii ,,games ,,and ,,athletics ,,for ,,girls ,the finest type of physical vigor is developed from playing vigorous outdoor games4 ,this applies to girls as well as to boys4 ,games have the great advantage over drills and gymnastics that they are worth while for the fun alone4 ,play is a necessary and natural activity for every individual4 ,unless each one of us gives the proper share of her time to wholesome forms of recreation1 she cannot be cheerful and happy1 and thus she cannot influence those around her toward greater happiness4 ,each one of us should so plan each day that we shall spend at least one hour playing vigorous games outdoors4 ,the younger girls should use the whole afternoon for play and recreation4 ,no girl can become a normal woman without having had her share of joyful and active play4 ,girls nowadays are playing more and more1 and growing stronger and more athletic4 ,as a result they have better health and greater beauty4 ,no beauty parlor can produce the perfect complexion and bright eyes which nature gives to the out-of-doors girl4 ,illustration ,there are certain cautions which girls should use in practicing games and athletics4 ,after they are twelve or thirteen1 they should avoid sports like high or broad jumping1 which cause a heavy jar upon landing4 ,girls should not compete in long distance running1 or in games which call for violent and long-continued exertion4 ,basket-ball may easily be too severe if played according to boys' rules or for long halves4 ,in such games there should be a gradual preparation for the competition4 ,an examination of the heart by a physician is very desirable1 before this type of game is played4 ,girls frequently overdo rope-skipping4 ,no girl should jump more than fifty times in succession4 ,excessively keen competition under trying conditions frequently has a bad effect upon girls of a nervous temperament4 ,of course1 girls should rest and not take part in active games when they are physically incapacitated4 ,there are1 however1 a wide variety of games and sports in which girls may find both pleasure and profit4 ,the ideal type of exercise for girls is found in swimming1 walking and similar activities in which the exertion is not excessively violent1 and which call for long-continued or repeated efforts4 ,girls excel in endurance in such sports4 ,team games are especially valuable for girls as they need the moral discipline of learning to efface themselves as individuals and to play as a member of the team4 ,that is1 they learn to cooperate4 ,among the team games suitable for girls are3 field hockey1 soccer1 baseball played with a soft ball and basket-ball4 ,among athletic events that may be used for girls1 are3 short sprints1 usually not over fifty yards1 throwing balls for distance1 relay races and balancing competitions4 ,walking is a delightful sport when done at a good pace1 in the country4 ,all girls are fond of rope-skipping and skating4 ,novelty competitions1 in wide variety1 may easily be invented to amuse a group of ,scouts4 ,the following will suggest many other variations3 ,a short walking match1 heel and toe4 ,the distance may vary from twenty to one hundred yards or more4 ,the same competition may be conducted going backward4 ,have all the girls take a prone position1 face downward1 hands and feet in a specified position4 ,on a signal1 get up and run to the finishing line4 ,the usual signal is ,on your marks1 ,get set1 ,go4 ,there should be no movement whatever until the final signal ,go4 ,have the players hop backward or forward in a race4 ,various combinations of these will readily suggest themselves4 ,two or more teams of girls may find much fun in simple passing games4 ,arrange the teams in line1 either seated or standing4 ,have them pass such an object as a bean bag1 ball or stick in a specified way4 ,for instance1 if the girls are seated1 one behind the other1 the bean bag may be passed backward over the right shoulder with one hand1 around the back of the last girl1 and forward over the left shoulder4 ,the game starts with the bag on the ground in front of the leader1 and is finished when the leader replaces it there1 after it has passed through the hands of each girl on the team4 ,be careful to see that there are the same number of girls on each team1 and that the lines occupy1 when arranged1 the same space on the ground4 ,next let the players pass the bag backward overhead with both hands1 and forward in any manner they like4 ,the following variation will introduce an additional feature that makes the game all the livelier4 ,let the object be passed back to the last player who then runs forward and takes the place of the leading player1 every player in that line moving back one position as this player runs to the front of the line4 ,this is continued until the captain or leader has gone through every place in the line and run back to the front4 ,the team whose captain gets to the front first1 wins the game4 ,another stage of this game may be played by stretching a cord or rope across in front of the two lines1 eight or ten feet high4 ,as each player advances1 the bag or ball must be thrown over the rope from the near to the far side1 caught1 and then thrown back4 ,any player failing to catch the object must make the throw over again4 ,after she returns to the head of the line1 the object is passed back to the last player in the same manner1 and the game continues until the captain or leading player has passed through every position in the line1 and come back to the front4 ,a similar game may be played with a basket-ball and basket-ball goals1 each girl being required to shoot a goal at one or both ends of the basket-ball court4 ,in the woods or in camp a ring or hoop may be substituted for the basket-ball goal4 ,hundreds of such simple games are found in the books on games listed in the ,handbook4 ,a few of the more useful and popular games are described below4 ,three ,deep ,twenty-four or more players form a circle of pairs with space enough between the players 7who stand closely one behind the other1 facing the center of the circle7 to allow the runners to turn and run in all directions4 ,two players on the outside of the circle and at a distance from each other begin the game4 ,one of these is called the tagger1 the other is ,it4 ,she tries to tag ,it before she can secure a place in front of any of the pairs forming the circle4 ,if she succeeds1 rles are changed1 the player who has been tagged then becomes the tagger and the former tagger tries to secure a place in front of some pair4 ,but whenever the runner 7the player pursued7 has succeeded in getting in front of a pair before being tagged1 then the hindmost 7the last or third1 in the respective rank7 must take to her heels and seek to evade the unsuccessful tagger who now turns her attention to the new runner4 ,in trying to evade a tagger the successive players may run in any direction1 either left or right1 outside the circle1 but not pass in front of any one rank to another rank in such a manner as to induce wrong starts4 ,a hindmost player may also form in front of his own rank1 making the second player in such rank hindmost or third4 ,the play is always directed against the third or last of a rank1 two players being the number limited to each place4 7,when classes of players in the beginning are too large the circle may be formed by rows or ranks of threes1 instead of twos or pairs47 ,expert players may form several circles and run from circle to circle1 two pairs playing simultaneously4 ,the above play may be varied in a number of ways4 ,day and ,night ,the players divide into two parties1 form in two lines1 back to back1 about three paces apart4 ,one of the lines is named the ,day ,party the other the ,night ,party4 ,the leader has a disk painted black on one side and white on the other4 7,a coin may be used instead of the disk47 ,in front of each party is a goal4 ,the leader throws the disk into the air4 ,if the disk alights with the white side up the leader calls ,day4 ,the ,day ,party then rushes toward its goal and the ,night ,party pursues1 tagging as many players of the ,day ,party as possible4 ,these they take back to their own line4 ,the disk is thrown again1 and the party whose side turns up starts for their goal as before4 ,the game continues in this way until all the players on one of the sides are lost4 ,sculptor ,one of the players is chosen as the ,sculptor and she arranges the other players in different positions and attitudes as statues4 ,no player dares move or speak1 for as soon as she does the sculptor punishes her by beating her with a knotted handkerchief or towel 7the sack-beetle74 ,after having arranged the players to suit her fancy the sculptor leaves the playground1 saying3 ,the sculptor is not at home4 ,no sooner is she gone than the statues come to life1 sing1 dance1 jump and play havoc in general4 ,on the return of the sculptor she counts1 ,one1 two1 three1 and any player who is not in her former posture at ,three receives a beating with the knotted handkerchief from the sculptor4 ,should the sculptor punish the wrong statue all the players rush at her with knotted handkerchiefs and drive her to a goal previously decided upon1 and the game is resumed with some other player as sculptor4 ,cross ,tag ,any player who is chased may be relieved by any other player running between her and the one trying to tag her4 ,the latter must then run after the player who ran between1 till she in turn is relieved4 ,dodge ,ball ,of any even number of players1 half form a circle1 while the other half stand inside the ring1 facing outward4 ,the players in the center dodge the ball1 which1 while in play1 is thrown by any of those forming the circle4 ,those who are hit with the ball take their places among those around the circle1 and have an equal chance at those remaining in the center4 ,one is put out at a time4 ,this is kept up until no one is left1 in the circle1 after which the players exchange places1 that is1 those who were in the circle now form around the circle1 and vice versa4 ,kim's ,game ,place twenty or thirty small articles on a tray or table1 or the floor1 and cover with a cloth--different kinds of buttons1 pencils1 corks1 nuts1 string1 knives1 or other such small things4 ,make a list and have a column opposite for each player's name4 ,uncover for just one minute and then take each player by herself and check off the articles she can remember4 ,the winner is the one who remembers the most4 ,morgan's ,game ,players run quickly to a certain bill-board or shop window where an umpire is posted to time them a minute for their observation4 ,they then run back to head-quarters and report all they can remember of the advertisements on bill-board or objects in shop window4 ,scout ,meets ,scout ,patrols of ,scouts are to approach each other from a distance4 ,the first to give the signal that the other is in sight wins4 ,in this game it is not fair to disguise but hiding the approach in any way is admissible4 ,you can climb a tree1 ride in any vehicle1 or hide behind some slowly moving or stationary object4 ,but be sure to keep in touch with the one who is to give the signal4 ,it is best that others should not know the ,scouts' secret passwords1 so one is given at a time in this book for those that can search best4 ,acting ,charades may be indoors or out4 ,a very good one is for two or three players to act as if they wanted some special thing that is in sight4 ,the first who discovers what this is then selects some other players to act with her4 ,unprepared ,plays ,relate the plot of some simple play1 after which assign a part to each of several to act out4 ,let them confer for a short time and then act it4 ,this develops many fine talents and is one of the most useful games for the memory1 expression1 and imagination4 ,a ,scout always shakes hands when she loses a game and congratulates the winner4 ,,inventory ,,game4 ,let each girl go into a room for half a minute and when she comes out let her make a list of what she has seen4 ,then compare lists to find who has seen the most4 ,,testing ,,noses4 ,this is easiest with the competitors blindfolded4 ,let them smell different things and tell what they are4 ,also the objects may be placed in bags but this means much more work4 ,,chasing ,,an ,,owl4 ,another good stalking game is chasing the owl4 ,this is done in thick woods where one ,scout represents the owl hooting at intervals and then moving to one side for a distance4 ,each pursuer when seen is called out of the game and the owl1 if a real good one1 may get safely back to her stump4 ,,turkey ,,and ,,wildcat is played by the turkey blindfolded going to roost in some place where there are plenty of twigs or dry leaves to crack and rustle4 ,at the first sound the turkey jumps4 ,if not then in reach of the wildcat she is safe and another wildcat has a chance4 ,this is sometimes very laughable for the turkey being blindfolded may jump right on the wildcat4 ,,far ,,and ,,near4 ,on any walk1 preferably in patrol formation1 let each keep a list of things seen such as birds1 flowers1 different kinds of trees1 insects1 vehicles1 tracks1 or other sign4 ,score up in points at the end of the walk on return to the club rooms4 ,,athletic ,,feats ,the ,palm ,spring ,stand at a little distance from a wall with your face toward it and leaning forward until you are able to place the palm of your hand quite flat on the wall2 you must then take a spring from the hand and recover your upright position without moving either of your feet4 ,it is better to practice it first with the feet at a little distance only from the wall1 increasing the space as you gradually attain greater proficiency in the exercise4 ,foot-,throw ,put a basket-ball between your feet in such a manner that it is held between your ankles and the inner side of the feet2 then kick up backward with both your feet and in this manner try to jerk the ball over your head1 catching it when it comes down4 ,hand ,wrestling ,two players face each other1 feet planted firmly1 full stride position apart1 right hands grasped4 ,each player tries to displace the other player4 ,one foot moved displaces a player4 ,sitting ,toe ,wrestle ,two players sit on a mat facing each other1 knees bent perpendicularly1 toes touching opponent's4 ,pass stick under knees and clasp your hands in front of knees4 ,when the signal is given1 attempt to get your toes under opponent's toes and upset her4 7,an excellent list of games to be used while in camp will be found on page #ddj of ,games for the ,home1 ,school1 and ,gymnasium1 by ,jessie ,h4 ,bancroft4 ,see1 also1 additional books listed under this topic in the ,handbook47 ,,camping ,it is advisable that ,patrols or ,companies should have some place of their own at which to camp4 ,some small plot of woodland is easily secured near most any of our cities4 ,at the beaches it is frequently impossible to secure the privacy desirable4 ,the seaside is not easily fenced in4 ,if you own your camping ground all desirable sanitary conditions can be looked after and buildings of a more or less permanent nature erected4 ,even a brush house in a spot which you are allowed to use exclusively is better than having to hunt a place every time you want to camp out4 ,gypsying from place to place is unadvisable4 ,when you have your own camp1 too1 much better chances for study will be found possible4 ,you will have your own trees1 flowers1 and birds to notice and care for1 and a record of them is valuable even in a very limited space4 ,think of the beautiful work of ,white--,the ,natural ,history of ,selborne4 ,name your camp by all means4 ,long ago we formed the habit of naming all our camps using by preference the name of the first bird seen there4 ,now we use the ,seminole name4 ,so we have our ,ostata and ,tashkoka4 ,some of the names are too hard1 though1 for civilized tongues4 ,mooganaga for instance1 might hurt somebody's mouth when she tries to pronounce it4 ,when going into camp never forget matches4 ,when leaving camp ,i used to put all my spare matches into a dry empty bottle1 cork it tight1 and hide it4 ,after many years ,i have found my matches as good as new where ,i had hidden them4 ,by rubbing two sticks together one can make a fire without matches4 ,camping out is one of my hobbies4 ,walks and picnics are all very well as far as they go1 but to get the full benefit of actual contact with ,nature it is absolutely necessary to camp out4 ,that does not mean sleeping on wet bare ground but just living comfortably out of doors1 where every breath of heaven can reach you and all wild things are in easy reach4 ,a camp can be easily planned within daily reach of many of our large cities but should be far enough to escape city sounds and smells4 ,it is not a camp1 however1 if it is where a stream of strangers can pass by at any time of the day or night within sight and hearing4 ,water is a supreme requisite at any camp4 ,water to swim in may be dispensed with in extreme cases1 but you can't carry your water with you and have a comfortable time4 ,i have been where ,i had to do it so ,i know how it is4 ,also ,i have had to dig water out of the ground4 ,that is not an easy operation so be sure and camp near a well or spring4 ,wood1 too1 you will want and it must be dry4 ,don't try to cook with fat pine4 ,it's all right to kindle with but not for cooking4 ,your bacon fried over it will be as fine eating as a porous plaster4 ,fry your potatoes4 ,if you must roast them dig a hole in the ashes and cover them deep4 ,then go away and forget them4 ,let some one else come along and cook all sorts of things on top of them4 ,when you come back rake them out of the ashes and astonish every one4 ,be sure your cooking fire is not too big4 ,you must be able to get up to it comfortably close without scorching your face4 ,start a small fire and feed it as required with small dry twigs4 ,cooking over an outdoor fire is a fine art and has to be studied carefully4 ,it should be called almost a post-graduate course in the camp studies4 ,of course the regular camp-fire can be made as big and smoky as you like4 ,smoke is fine to watch but not to breathe4 ,even the mosquitoes dislike it4 ,illustration ,roughing it is all very fine to talk about1 but it is best to make your camp as comfortable as possible4 ,the ground is good to sleep upon but not stones and sticks4 ,it's really astonishing how big a stick1 no longer than your finger1 can grow in one night4 ,take my word for it and don't try it4 ,it won't pay4 ,a hammock is my preference but a cot is about as good4 ,on a pinch twigs and grass are not to be despised4 ,moss is apt to be moist but there is no possible objection to clean dry sand4 ,be sure not to let your fire get away from you and spread4 ,besides the damage to trees and fences that it may do it is impossible to tell what suffering it may cause to animal life4 ,so1 be very careful4 99 99 99 99 99 ,to prevent forest fires ,congress passed the law approved ,may #e1 #aijj1 which-- ,forbids setting fire to the woods1 and ,forbids leaving any fires unextinguished4 ,when you leave your camp clean up4 ,fragments of food--not pickles--can be put up somewhere for the birds4 ,at some of our camps we have regular places to feed the birds and they get to know what time to come there4 ,here in the woods my wrens have established for themselves the hour of sunrise1 and it is partly to escape their scolding for neglect that ,i get up with the sun4 ,mrs4 ,jenny scolds furiously but for actual singing she can beat any bird in the woods4 ,perhaps you notice that we have said nothing about snakes4 ,now it is really a very rare thing to see a snake in the woods4 ,you have to look very carefully to find them1 for they seem to be about the most timid of all creatures4 ,so far as danger from poisonous snakes is concerned you are in much more danger from the driver of a dray than from a snake4 ,take our word for it1 snakes are much more afraid of you than you are of them4 ,give them the least little bit of a chance and they will be out of the way before you can see them4 ,a gorged snake--that is one that has just taken a full meal--may be sluggish but in a majority of cases he will crawl away and hide in some secure place till the process of digestion is over4 ,do not go near a tub if you are afraid of water for you can get drowned in it about as easy as you can get bitten by a snake in the woods and to wind up the subject1 not one-tenth of the people who get snake bitten1 die from it4 ,a very few do die but most of them die from the bad treatment they receive afterwards4 ,the deadly auto will not get out of your way but all snakes will4 ,once in a while you may find clinging in a low bush a pretty little green snake4 ,it will readily submit to being handled and is perfectly harmless4 ,we have found these snakes useful in the house to kill flies4 ,the harmless snakes are the brown snake1 the common banded moccasin1 the black mountain snake1 the green snake4 ,the garter and ring-necked snakes wear ,eve's wedding-ring as a collar4 ,they cannot hurt and they eat up quantities of insects1 but beware of the yellow and brown rattlesnakes1 especially after rainy weather1 for it is said that after wet weather they cannot make any noise with their rattles and therefore you are not warned of their presence4 ,the most deadly snake1 the moccasin1 is brownish with a flat head4 ,the green lizards1 too1 will almost rid a house of flies if left to wander about at will4 ,the fence lizard1 a scaly alligator looking chap1 is just as useful but never gets tame4 ,try petting a toad some time4 ,he will get to be quite at home in a garden and pay well1 for he will eat all kinds of destructive insects4 ,some gardeners buy toads1 paying as high as a quarter apiece1 for they know how much good they can do4 ,a toad digs his hole backwards4 ,watch him and see the fun4 ,in the spring if there is water near he may be induced to sing to you4 ,if you think he is slow and clumsy you have only to see how quick he can catch a fly4 ,provisioning a ,camp ,this should be a matter of mature consideration4 ,unless there is some place near by where deficiencies can be supplied your camp may be a misery instead of a pleasure4 ,have lists made out of the things each is to bring1 if it is to be a coperative affair4 ,it may be best to have a committee1 even if it is a committee of one1 to do all the buying4 ,but even in this case individual tastes must be consulted4 ,a full list should be made out and strictly adhered to4 ,at one camp where each brought what she thought best there were six cans of soup1 four pounds of sugar1 and no tea or coffee4 ,canned goods are all very well if you do not have to carry them too far4 ,so too are potatoes4 ,for lightness on long trips1 dried fruits and meal or grits are a wise selection4 ,oatmeal is light and easy to cook4 ,prepared batter-cake flour is a pure joy to the camp cook4 ,once when camping in the mountains we had unexpected difficulties4 ,we were at such an elevation that water boiled at too low a temperature to cook many things done1 so the frying-pan there reigned supreme4 ,as to that same frying-pan be sure to select the long handled kind4 ,if not you will have to splice out the handle with a long stick4 ,never pack up your unwetables in paper bags4 ,at any time a shower or even a heavy dew at night may make you run short on salt1 sugar1 or flour4 ,covered tin cans are too cheap to make it necessary to run any such risks4 ,have a lantern and oil of course4 ,candles blow out too easily to be of much use4 ,for sudden calls for a light the pocket electric affair is very good and cheap4 ,keep it standing up4 ,the batteries waste quite fast if it is left down on the side4 ,the quantity of provisions to be taken depends on the length of stay4 ,consult any good military or naval ration list and a very good guess can be made4 ,they all seem to lay stress on beans which certainly are very good if you have the ,boston appetite4 ,keep your camp clean4 ,keep it in order4 ,let your motto be1 ,tidy as you go4 ,it is as bad to have to hunt for a thing you want in camp as it is at home and particularly exasperating if1 when you have found it1 you must wash it before using4 ,a place for everything and that place anywhere is a bad camp rule1 though it does sound as if it was a real easy way of disposing of the matter4 ,dig a hole to throw slops in and do not let them fly on the ground4 ,you may want to sit down right there4 ,whatever the birds will eat should be put aside for them4 ,all other scraps and things that may become offensive must be buried4 ,don't start to breed flies or fever4 ,when near the water some part of this rule may be dispensed with in favor of the fish and crabs4 ,they may be judiciously baited up1 but if you are going to fish for them see that they are not overfed4 ,there are times and seasons when wild fruits and berries are a most welcome addition to the camp fare1 but unless you are perfectly sure of the supply do not reckon on them too much in making up your provision list4 ,better let them be a sort of joyful surprise4 ,so too of fish and game4 ,don't count your chickens before they are hatched4 ,fresh smilax shoots can scarcely be told from asparagus4 ,palmetto cabbage well cooked is fine2 poorly prepared it is vile4 ,let some one that knows about these things do them for you4 ,the gipsy kettle is picturesque and only picturesque4 ,drive a stout crotched stake on each side of the fire and put a stout stick across them4 ,use strong wire hooks--,s-shaped on which to hang pots over the fire4 ,if hung through the handle on the stick they are apt to boil over and put out the fire before you know it4 ,they may be quickly lifted from the wire hooks as soon as they begin to look dangerous4 ,even the coffee-pot may be rigged with a wire handle by which to be hung4 ,wire and string are our special hobbies in camp4 ,fan a fire instead of blowing it4 ,your breath has lost most of its combustible gas4 ,a tin or wooden plate makes a good fan4 ,put away dry kindling every night4 ,you don't know what sort of weather it will be tomorrow4 ,use all precaution against your fire spreading4 ,this is particularly necessary where there are tents4 ,a dry tent will almost whisk up in smoke if the fire catches it4 ,rake dry leaves well away from about the fire4 ,it may be best sometimes to make a burn round the camp4 ,do this a little at a time beating out all traces of the fire in the part burnt over4 ,be in no hurry about this but be thorough4 ,leave no smouldering embers or chunks of rotten wood smoking behind you4 ,burn clean as you go4 ,camp ,oven ,the camp kitchen or camp oven is made with two lines of soda bricks1 stones1 or thick logs flattened at the top1 about six feet long1 slightly splayed from each other1 being four inches apart at one end and eight inches at the other4 ,the big end should be towards the wind1 so that a sort of tunnel is formed in the big end at windward4 ,start your fire and the draught will carry the heat along the tunnel4 ,daily ,routine in ,camp ,have a set of general orders posted every morning4 ,there should be one officer of the day and one orderly4 ,these will be appointed in turn4 ,the general order should be read before breakfast and include all duties and so far as possible the excursions and games for the day4 ,in appointing cooks and details for the various duties be sure not to work the willing horse too hard but let all share as much alike as possible4 ,some will always want to volunteer too often and some will try to avoid certain duties distasteful to themselves or swap with others4 ,this should not be allowed but helping must never be barred completely4 ,inspect camp personally at least once a day and call attention to shortcomings kindly without chiding4 ,you can help your girls to help themselves4 ,a driver in camp is sure to breed hard feelings and cause discontent4 ,the camp is a hard school for the instructor4 ,one of the necessary laws in a camp is that after lights are out at night1 no one must speak4 ,silence should reign4 99 99 99 99 99 ,in some places mosquitoes are very troublesome4 ,oil of citronella will drive them away for a time but a smudge may be necessary4 ,they won't stay in smoke or wind1 so hunt the breeze4 ,there are some other flies just as bad to which the same treatment may be applied4 ,black-flies of the northern woods are about the worst insect pest in ,america1 though the mosquitoes in some parts of the ,south1 are nearly as bad4 ,in some of the coast regions1 too1 there is a species of sand-fly or midge that is exceedingly annoying1 but all of these are readily controlled by the smudge4 ,this is a steady smoke not necessarily of an ill-smelling nature4 ,one of the very best materials for a smudge is green cedar branches4 ,they need some pretty hot coals to keep them smouldering but are very effective4 ,very few accidents need happen in camp4 ,but still it may be a wise precaution to go over with each patrol1 before the camping trip1 some simple exercise in bandaging and other ,first ,aid exercises4 ,in a book of the scope of this one it is not possible to give a full course of instruction in such matters1 so it seems best to make only casual mention and leave details to the judgment of the patrol leaders and captains4 ,illustration ,if any boating is to be a part of the program they should inform themselves carefully which of their patrol can swim and just how expert they are4 ,also instruct in methods of throwing things to a drowning person or one who has just met with some mishap in a boat--such for instance as losing an oar4 ,a board or a plank should not be thrown toward a person in the water but launched toward them4 ,when adrift in an unmanageable boat cast anchor and wait for assistance4 ,never rock a boat for fun4 ,a ,scout who so far forgets herself as to do such a foolhardy act should be forbidden to go into a boat again for some time as a punishment4 ,most drowning accidents are from some such fun4 ,it is sin--not fun4 ,when bathing obey strictly all orders regarding distance to be ventured and other rules4 ,you may think they are mere summary restrictions but you are probably not the best judge4 ,last summer a party of boys were bathing4 ,contrary to orders they scattered apart instead of keeping close together4 ,while the ,captain's back was turned looking after the smaller boys1 some of the big boys began to dare each other to go farther and farther out4 ,when the ,captain blew the whistle for them some still persisted in swimming away from the beach and one of them was drowned4 ,and to make it still worse he drowned in shallow water where1 if he had only known or had kept his wits about him1 he could have waded ashore4 ,camp ,orders ,in going into camp it is essential to have a few ,standing ,orders published1 which may be added to from time to time1 if necessary4 ,these should be carefully explained to patrol leaders1 who should then be held fully responsible for their ,scouts carrying them out exactly4 ,such orders might point out that each patrol will camp separately from the others1 and that there will be a comparison between the respective camps as to cleanliness and good order of tents and surrounding ground4 ,patrol leaders to report on the good or indifferent work of their ,scouts1 which will be recorded in the ,captain's book of marks4 ,bathing should be under strict supervision to prevent non-swimmers getting into dangerous water4 ,no girl must bathe when not well4 ,bathing picket of two good swimmers will be on duty while bathing is going on1 and ready to help any girl in distress4 ,this picket will be in the boat with bathing costume and overcoat on4 ,they may bathe only when the general bathing is over and the last of the bathers has left the water4 ,if bathing in the surf1 a stake should be driven into the sand on the beach and a rope securely fastened to the stake so that non-swimmers can hold on to the rope in the water4 ,orders as to what is to be done in case of fire alarm4 ,orders as to boundaries1 grounds to be worked over1 damages to fences1 property1 good drinking water1 etc4 ,no ,scout allowed out of bounds without leave4 ,no lads allowed inside bounds without leave4 ,camping ,equipment ,necessary for ,one ,week or ,longer #a ,transport wagon4 #b ,tents for girls4 #a ,tent for officer4 #c ,mallets and sufficient tent-pegs4 #b ,blankets for each ,scout4 #b ,blankets for officer4 #a ,kit bag each 7#b ft4 by #a ft4 or bigger74 #h ,waterproof ground sheets4 #c ,buckets4 #c ,hurricane lamps4 #b ,balls of twine 7medium74 #a ,spade4 #a ,hatchet4 ,kitchen ,equipment ,bowls4 #b ,saucepans4 #a ,large frying pan4 ,kettle4 ,gridiron4 ,butcher knife4 ,kitchen fork4 ,spoons1 ladles1 and tea strainer4 ,six tea cloths4 ,cleaning rags4 ,chopping board and knife4 ,kitchen soap and scouring powder4 #a ,dish pan4 ,clothing and ,equipment for ,each ,scout #a ,set of underwear1 cotton flannel nightgown1 and lisle or cotton stockings for each week4 ,do not take silk stockings4 #a ,dress besides ,scout uniform4 #a ,pair heavy shoes4 #a ,pair rubbers4 #c ,handkerchiefs4 #a ,apron4 #a ,sweater or coat4 ,hairbrush and comb and tooth-brush4 #c ,towels4 ,haversack4 #b ,pillow-cases4 ,soap and wash rag or sponge4 ,bathing suit4 #a ,plate4 #a ,cup and saucer4 ,hussif fitted with needles1 thread1 scissors4 ,paper pad and envelopes and pencil4 ,knife and fork4 ,teaspoon and large spoon4 #b ,woolen blankets4 ,,scoutcraft ,useful ,knots ,everyone should be able to tie knots4 ,a knowledge of knots is useful in every trade or calling1 and forms an important part of a ,girl ,scout's training4 ,as it may happen some day that a life may depend on a knot being properly tied you ought to know the proper way4 ,,the ,,bowline is a loop that will not slip after the first grip4 ,first make a loop1 then pass the end up through it1 round the back of the standing part1 and down through the loop again4 ,it is often used as a halter for horses4 ,,the ,,running ,,bowline4 ,this is the nautical slip knot4 ,first make the loop as in the ordinary bowline but allow a good length of end 7,a74 ,pass it round the standing part and up through the loop1 and continue as in the ordinary bowline4 ,,the ,,reef ,,knot4 ,it is used to join two dry ropes of the same thickness4 ,it will not slip1 and can be easily untied when wanted4 ,do not confuse it with the ,granny knot4 ,it is the only knot used in ,first ,aid work4 ,,the ,,clove ,,hitch is made with two half-hitches4 ,when fastened to a pole and pulled tight it can slip neither up nor down4 ,greatly used in pioneering work4 ,,the ,,half-,,hitch4 ,pass the end round a pole1 then round the standing part1 then through below itself again4 ,illustration3 ,bowline4 ,illustration3 ,running ,bowline4 ,illustration3 ,half ,hitch4 ,illustration3 ,reef ,knot4 ,illustration3 ,clove ,hitch4 ,illustration3 ,fisherman's ,knot4 ,illustration3 ,round ,turn and ,two ,half-,hitches4 ,illustration3 ,sheep ,shank4 ,illustration3 ,slip ,knot4 ,illustration3 ,sheet ,bend4 ,illustration3 ,middleman's ,knot4 ,illustration3 ,overhand ,loop ,knot4 ,,the ,,fisherman',s ,,knot4 ,make this knot by tying a simple knot on rope ,b with the end of rope ,a1 then tie a similar knot on rope ,a with the end of rope ,b4 ,pull the standing parts and the knots will remain fast4 ,,round ,,turn ,,and ,,two ,,half-,,hitches4 ,it is used for making fast a rope so that the strain will not jamb hitches4 ,,the ,,sheet ,,bend4 ,used for uniting two dry ropes of different thicknesses4 ,first form a loop1 then pass the end of the other rope up through the loop1 round the back of the end and standing part of loop1 and through below itself4 ,,the ,,sheep-,,shank4 ,a ,scout should never cut rope unless absolutely necessary4 ,to shorten a guy rope on tent or marquee1 gather the rope in the form of two long loops and pass a half-hitch over each loop4 ,it remains firm under a good strain and can be easily undone when required4 ,,middleman',s ,,knot4 ,somewhat similar to the fisherman's knot but in this case only one rope is used4 ,can safely be used as a halter4 ,,the ,,slip ,,knot4 ,you sometimes want to release a knot quickly so this knot is used4 ,it is simply the reef knot with one of the ends 7,a7 pushed through one of the loops4 ,to release1 pull end ,a4 ,,overhand ,,loop ,,knot4 ,when pulling a rope you may wish to gain more purchase on it or you may wish to insert a short stick to pull with4 ,use the loop knot shown in our diagram4 ,,important4 ,many of the knots shown on these pages are open so that you may more easily see their working1 but when in use they should always be drawn taut4 ,the ,mariner's ,compass ,boxing the compass consists in enumerating the points beginning with north and working around the circle as follows3 ,north ,north by ,east ,north1 ,northeast ,northeast by ,north ,northeast ,northeast by ,east ,east1 ,northeast ,east by ,north ,east ,east by ,south ,east1 ,southeast ,southeast by ,east ,southeast ,southeast by ,south ,south1 ,southeast ,south by ,east ,south ,south by ,west ,south1 ,southwest ,southwest by ,south ,southwest ,southwest by ,west ,west1 ,southwest ,west by ,south ,west ,west by ,north ,west1 ,northwest ,northwest by ,west ,northwest ,northwest by ,north ,north1 ,northwest ,north by ,west ,north ,illustration ,how to ,read a ,map ,conventional ,signs ,lettering ,used in ,field ,sketching ,illustration3 ,,conventional ,,signs ,,etc ,conventional ,signs enable you to give information on a sketch or map in a simple manner which is easily understood4 ,in addition to the sign it is often necessary to give an additional description1 e4 g41 whether a railway is double or single1 the width of roads1 the nature of woods 7oak1 pine1 etc471 etc4 ,illustration3 ,,conventional ,,signs ,,etc ,whatever lettering is used should be legible and not interfere with the detail of the sketch4 ,all lettering should be horizontal1 except the names of roads1 railways1 rivers1 and canals1 which should be written along them4 ,remember to fill in the ,north point on your sketch1 as it is useless without it4 ,leave a margin of about an inch all round your sketch and state the scale that you have made your sketch1 e4 g41 two inches to the mile4 ,illustration3 ,,conventional ,,signs ,,etc ,,signalling ,,continental ,used on ,submarine ,cables1 ,wireless and in ,foreign ,countries ,a 4- ,b -444 ,c -4-4 ,d -44 ,e 4 ,f 44-4 ,g --4 ,h 4444 ,i 44 ,j 4--- ,k -4- ,l 4-44 ,m -- ,n -4 ,o --- ,p 4--4 ,q --4- ,r 4-4 ,s 444 ,t - ,u 44- ,v 444- ,w 4-- ,x -44- ,y -4-- ,z --44 #a 4---- #b 44--- #c 444-- #d 4444- #e 44444 #f -4444 #g --444 #h ---44 #i ----4 #j ----- ,period 444444 ,comma 4-4-4- ,interrogation 44--44 ,colon ---444 ,semi-colon -4-4-4 ,quotation ,marks 4-44-4 ,the letter ,a is used for the word ,error ,k ,negative ,l ,preparatory ,n ,annulling ,o ,interrogatory ,p ,affirmative ,r ,acknowledgment ,the ,morse ,code of ,signals is not hard to learn but it requires much practice to receive even when the message is sent slowly4 ,the old-fashioned instruments were fitted with a ribbon on which the dots and dashes were recorded1 but all modern operators depend on the ear4 ,the code is as follows3 ,illustration3 ,the ,american ,morse ,telegraph ,alphabet ,a 4- ,b -444 ,c 444 ,d -44 ,e 4 ,f 4-4 ,g --4 ,h 4444 ,i 44 ,j -4-4 ,k -4- ,l - ,m -- ,n -4 ,o 4 4 ,p 44444 ,q 44-4 ,r 444 ,s 444 ,t - ,u 44- ,v 444- ,w 4-- ,x 4-44 ,y 44 44 ,z 444 4 4 444 444 4-44 ,,numerals #a4--4 #b44-44 #c444-4 #d4444- #e --- #f444444 #g --44 #h -4444 #i -44- #j -- #a long dash1 not #b regular dashes ,illustration3 ,,numerals ,punctuation ,comma1 4 --4 -- ,semi-colon1 ,si ,colon1 ,ko ,period1 44 -- --44 ,interrogation1 --44 --4 ,quotation1 ,qn ,paragraph1 -- -- -- -- ,exclamation1 -- -- -- ,parenthesis1 ,pn ,brackets1 ,bn ,dollar mark1 ,sx ,dash1 ,dx ,hyphen1 ,hx ,underline1 ,ux ,signals #d4 ,start me4 #e4 ,have you anything for me8 #i4 ,train order 7or important military message7--give away4 #ac4 ,do you understand8 ,all sorts of changes may be made when the signals are committed to memory4 ,flags--up for a dot and side for a dash is one of the commonest and easiest for the beginner2 or whistles--long and short blasts4 ,even the hand or a hat may be substituted2 coughing1 stamping1 and scratching with the foot or a bit of stick4 ,in fact endless changes may be invented for use with this ,code4 ,,commands ,,and ,,signals ,for the use of the ,girl ,scouts the following list of words of command and whistle signals has been compiled4 ,commands ,fall in 7in line74 ,alert 7stand up smartly74 ,easy 7stand at ease74 ,sit easy 7sit or lie in ranks74 ,dismiss 7break off74 ,right or ,left 7turn accordingly74 ,patrol right or patrol left 7patrol in line wheels74 ,quick march 7step off with the left foot first74 ,double 7run with arms down74 ,scouts' pace 7walk fifty paces and run fifty paces alternately74 ,whistle ,signals #a4 ,one long blast means ,silence1 ,alert1 ,listen for next signal4 #b4 ,a succession of long slow blasts means ,go out1 ,get farther away1 or ,advance1 ,extend1 ,scatter4 #c4 ,a succession of quick short blasts means ,rally1 ,close in1 ,come together1 ,fall in4 #d4 ,alternate short and long blasts mean ,alarm1 ,look out1 ,be ready1 ,man your alarm posts4 #e4 ,three short blasts followed by one long one from the ,captain calls up the patrol leaders4 ,any whistle signal must be instantly obeyed at the double as fast as you can run1 regardless of anything you may be doing4 ,by previous agreement many other signals may be arranged4 ,it all depends on the exigencies to be met or the special order or information to be conveyed4 ,but these few important signals should be strictly adhered to in all drills and exercises of ,scouts4 ,the compiler of the present volume thinks it unwise to print the secret words so they are left for the patrol leaders and ,captain to communicate verbally4 ,hand ,signals ,,advance ,swing the arm from rear to front1 below the shoulder4 ,,forward ,,retire ,circle the arm above the head4 ,,halt ,raise the arm to full extension above head4 ,,double ,the closed fist moved up and down between your shoulder and thigh4 ,,quick ,,time ,to change from the ,double to the ,quick ,time1 raise the hand to the shoulder4 ,,reinforce ,swing the arm from the rear to the front above the shoulder4 ,,lie ,,down ,with the open hand make two or three slight movements towards the ground4 ,,wheel ,extend your arm in line with your shoulder and make a circular movement in the direction required4 ,,incline ,extend your arm in line with your shoulder and make a turn with your body in the direction required4 ,indian ,signs ,burnt sticks are placed at the last camp-fire to tell the direction the ,indians have gone from this spot4 ,two of them always make a ,v point and if the third is laid at the point of the ,v it means north4 ,across the open end of the ,v it means south4 ,at one side ,v it means east and ,v would mean west4 ,now the above mark as made to indicate south would really mean southwest1 if the stick which indicates direction were a little way to the west side--,v4 ,northwest would be ,v4 ,v ,north ,v ,south ,v ,east ,v ,west ,v ,southwest ,v ,northwest ,scout ,signs4 ---------------------------------------- --------------------------------------- ,sign ,secret ,meaning4 ,patrol or ,troop ,sign4 ---------------------------------------- --------------------------------------- symbol ,road to be followed4 symbol ,letter hidden #c paces from here in direction of arrow4 symbol ,this path not to be followed4 symbol ,i have gone home4 symbol ,war or trouble about4 symbol ,peace4 symbol ,we camped here because one of us was sick4 symbol ,a long way to good water1 go in direction of arrow4 symbol ,good water not far1 in this direction4 symbol ,this is good water4 symbol ,signature of ,scout ,no4 #d of the ,fox ,patrol1 #bast ,glasgow4 ---------------------------------------- --------------------------------------- ,shaking a blanket3 ,i want to talk to you4 ,hold up a tree-branch3 ,i want to make peace4 ,hold up a weapon 7axe7 means war3 ,i am ready to fight4 ,hold up a pole horizontally1 with hands on it3 ,i have found something4 ,self-,defense ,,shooting ,all ,scouts should know how to shoot4 ,by this we do not mean that you should go all day behind some big dog and try to kill the birds he finds for you1 for that is the most useless form of shooting1 all things considered1 that can be devised4 ,what we mean is that ,scouts should know how to load and fire a gun or other firearm so as not to be at a loss for a means of defense should an emergency arise4 ,it is one of the best means to be prepared4 ,our preference for practice of this kind is a small rifle as it is less dangerous than any form of pistol and it affords excellent training for hand and eye4 ,avoid1 however1 the very high power modern firearms--that kind that shoot today and kill next week1 as there is too much danger of reaching some one that is out of sight4 ,the same may be said of the automatic pistol which fills too large a circle with missiles of sudden death4 ,,archery ,the bows and arrows of our ancestors are not to be despised as a means of training hand and eye4 ,archery is excellent practice for the eye1 and good exercise for the muscles4 ,it makes no noise1 does not disturb game or warn the enemy4 ,scouts should know how to shoot with bows and arrows1 and they can make them for themselves4 ,the arrow1 twenty-six inches long1 must be as straight as an arrow and tipped with a heavy head1 with wings to keep it level4 ,ash wood is the best4 ,the bow should be unstrung when not in use1 or it will get bent4 ,it is usually made your own height4 ,old gloves should be worn4 ,,stars ,how to ,find the ,time by the ,stars ,fig4 #a shows the stars around the northern pole of the heavens 7,pole ,star71 and the ,pointers of the ,great ,bear1 which direct us to the ,pole ,star4 ,illustration3 ,,fig4 #a4 ,since all stars appear to rise in the ,east and set in the ,west 7which is really due to our earth turning round under them71 the ,pointers revolve once around the ,pole ,star in the opposite direction to the hands of a clock1 once in twenty-four hours1 or they swing through a quarter of a circle once in six hours2 it is thus a simple matter after a little practice to judge what part of the imaginary circle they will pass through in an hour or less4 ,assuming that all the stars rise four minutes earlier each night1 and that the ,pointers of the ,plough are vertically above the ,pole at midnight at the end of ,february1 we may calculate the position of the ,pointers for any hour of the night4 ,the ,first ,twenty ,stars in ,order of ,brightness ,date of rising at #i ,p4,m4 in the ,east4 #a4 ,sirius1 the ,dog-star ,dec4 #d #b4 7,canopus1 of the ,ship7 #c4 7,alpha1 of the ,centaur7 #d4 ,vega1 of the ,lyre ,april #a #e4 ,capella1 of the ,charioteer ,aug4 #ba #f4 ,arcturus1 of the ,herdsman ,feb4 #bj #g4 ,rigel1 of ,orion ,nov4 #d #h4 ,procyon1 the ,little ,dog-star ,nov4 #bg #i4 7,achernar1 of ,eridanus7 #aj4 7,beta1 of the ,centaur7 #aa4 ,altair1 of the ,eagle ,may #bf #ab4 ,betelgeux1 of ,orion's right shoulder ,oct4 #cj #ac4 7,alpha1 of the ,southern ,cross7 #ad4 ,aldebaran1 of the ,bull's right eye ,oct4 #b #ae4 ,pollux1 of the ,twins ,nov4 #d #af4 ,spica1 of the ,virgin ,mar4 #a #ag4 ,antares1 of the ,scorpion ,may #i #ah4 ,fomalhaut1 of the ,southern ,fish ,aug4 #bg #ai4 ,deneb1 of the ,swan ,apr4 #bb #bj4 ,regulus1 of the ,lion ,jan4 #a ,orion ,then there is another set of stars representing a man wearing a sword and a belt1 named ,orion4 ,it is easily recognized by the three stars in line1 which are the belt1 and three smaller stars in another line1 close by1 which are the sword4 ,then two stars to right and left below the sword are his feet1 while two more above the belt are his shoulders1 and a group of three small stars between them make his head4 ,now the great point about ,orion is that by him you can always tell which way the ,north or ,pole ,star lies1 and which way the ,south1 as you can see him whether you are in the ,south or the ,north part of the world4 ,the ,great ,bear can be seen only when you are in the ,north1 and the ,southern ,cross when you are in the ,south4 ,illustration ,if you draw a line by holding up your staff against the sky1 from the center star of ,orion's belt through the center of his head1 and carry that line on through two big stars till it comes to a third1 that third one is the ,north or ,pole ,star4 ,then if you draw a line the other way1 beginning again with the center star of the belt1 and passing through the center star of the sword1 your line goes through another group of stars shaped like the letter ,l4 ,and if you go about as far again past ,l1 you come to the ,south ,pole1 which unfortunately is not marked by any star4 ,roughly ,orion's sword1 the three small stars1 points ,north and ,south4 ,east and ,west4 ,orion sets due west1 and rises due east1 so that1 if you can catch him rising or setting1 you know where the points of the compass are4 ,constellations1 such as ,orion1 or the ,bull1 rise in the east1 four minutes earlier each succeeding night--that is about half an hour earlier every ,saturday4 ,read ,the ,song of the ,fifty ,stars by ,arthur ,a4 ,carey1 and try to find each star on a chart and then in the ,heavens4 ,the ,song of the ,fifty ,stars ,alpherat1 ,caph1 and ,algenib--three leading stars-- ,move in front of all the host1 ,turning from ,east to ,west1 ,over the rounded dome2 ,and1 near the head of the line1 the ,star of the ,north1 ,polaris1 turns his round and marks the hub of the wheel4 ,from ,alpherat1 ,north and ,east1 ,andromeda shoots1 ,like a branch1 with ,mirach and ,almach2 while1 far in the ,south1 ,achernar shines1 a beacon-light1 at the ,end of the ,river4 ,from ,almach pass to ,algol1 of the changing face1 ,called by the ,arabs the ,demon-- ,the ,medusa of the ,greeks4 ,but1 not so fast6 lest we forget the little changing star ,whose place is ,west of ,algol1 farther ,south-- ,mira1 the ,wonderful1 in ,cetus or the ,whale4 ,algol leads to ,mirfach1 the brightest star of ,perseus1 ,who saved the captive ,andromeda1 daughter of ,cepheus1 the ,monarch1 ,and royal ,cassiopeia4 ,then comes1 surrounded by her sisters1 gentle ,alcyone1 ,the peaceful1 daughter of the ,king who rules the tempestuous winds2 ,and1 running in pursuit of these--the happy ,pleiades-- ,aldebaran1 the ,follower1 shines from the eye of the ,bull4 ,next comes ,capella--the ,mother ,goat--watching her three ,kids2 ,her yellow light the color of our ,sun4 ,capella and ,rigel move in line1 and afterwards comes ,nath1 ,who marks the horn of the butting ,bull4 ,orion1 the ,hunter1 on the ,equator--the ,giant of the ,arabs-- ,shines glorious ,north and ,south2 ,bellatrix his left shoulder2 ,mintaka marks his belt4 ,after ,mintaka comes ,betelgeux1 right shoulder of ,orion2 ,while1 between them in order1 though farther ,north1 ,is ,zeta of ,taurus1 the ,bull1 who marks the other horn4 ,the next is ,menkalinan1 the shoulder of the ,charioteer2 ,and1 two degrees to the ,eastward1 the ,circle of the ,solstice passes by4 ,while1 far down in the ,south1 ,canopus gleams from the stern of ,argo1 the ,ship4 ,sirius1 ,star of the ,greater ,dog1 brightest of all in the heavens1 ,is followed by ,castor1 one of the ,twins4 ,while ,procyon--,dog-in-advance--the bright forerunner of ,sirius1 ,is followed by ,pollux1 the greater of the ,twins4 ,next ,regulus comes in the ,lion's heart1 ,denebola1 the tip of his tail2 ,while1 between them in order1 ,merak and ,dubhe1 the pointers1 ,point to their aim in the ,north4 ,two brilliant stars in the ,southern ,cross are ,alpha and ,beta ,crucis1 ,the former a glorious double ,sun1 with a third star in attendance2 ,to see them ourselves we must travel far1 ,but we know that the glory is great in the ,south1 ,although from us it is hidden4 ,next1 in the hand of the ,virgin1 the pointed ,ear of ,wheat-- ,spica of the ,romans-- ,not far from the ,autumn ,equinox4 ,now1 back to the ,north we go1 and look for ,mizar and ,alcor-- ,the ,indian ,squaw with the little papoose on her back1 ,and the tip of the tail of the ,greater ,bear ,where ,benetnasch commands4 ,now1 again to the ,south1 where the forefeet of the ,centaur ,are marked by ,beta and ,alpha2--the former is known as ,hadar--the ,ground2-- ,the latter sun is nearest to ours ,and famous as ,serk-t1 toward whom the ancient ,egyptians ,turned their temples in homage-- ,and1 between them in order1 the great and distant ,arcturus ,shines out warm in the ,north4 ,pulcherrima--most beautiful--must be sought by those who love her2 ,for she is modest and shy in the presence of the ,great ,one4 ,nearby is ,gemma1 the ,bud1 ,in the beautiful ,northern ,crown4 ,near the point where the roof-tree crosses the ,zodiac ,ring ,is a warm1 red star in ,scorpio4 ,this is ,antares2 while1 in the ,north1 ,etanin marks the ,dragon's head4 ,mu ,sagitarii--closer still to the ,solstice and ,ecliptic-- ,marks the northern part of the heavenly ,archer's bow4 ,on summer evenings1 high above our heads1 ,vega shines with cool and brilliant light2 ,while1 to the ,south and ,east1 is ,altair of the ,eagle4 ,nearby is the ,northern ,cross1 or ,cygnus1 ,whom we call the ,swan1 ,with ,deneb ,adige marking her outspread tail4 ,the nose of ,pegasus1 the soaring horse1 ,shines out in the star ,enif1 or ,epsilon of ,pegasus--a triple star-- ,while ,fomalhaut gleams in the ,south1 ,guarding the ,fish's ,mouth4 ,now ,scheat and ,markab1 hand in hand1 watch for the stragglers-- ,bringing up the rear of all the ,fifty ,stars that have passed by4 ,the ,sun ,clock ,when you have been able to find the ,north ,star it will be very easy to set up a sun-dial4 ,this device is not so valuable now as standard time is universally used4 ,if you know the difference between sun time and standard time1 the sun-dial can be referred to with a fair amount of accuracy and many people regard it as a curiosity4 ,select a place where the sun shines all day and the ground is level4 ,set up a post or stake perpendicular and firm4 ,at night go and sight a straight stick at the ,north ,star and fasten it securely4 ,this stick will now be parallel to the axis of the earth and its shadow will fall at the same line on any given hour no matter what season of the year it may be4 ,at noon by the sun the shadows of the slanting stick and the upright one will coincide4 ,this gives you the sun noon and the time by a standard watch or clock will tell you what correction to apply to your dial to convert its time into standard4 ,having once established the noon1 or no hour mark the ,i1 ,,ii1 ,,iii1 ,,iv1 ,v1 and ,,vi with stakes4 ,then calculate the correct sun time of ,,vi ,a4,m4 by your standard watch and stake out the morning hours4 ,halves and even quarters can be marked between if you wish4 ,a flower dial can be made by having your upright post a pretty tall one1 say ten or even twenty feet1 and planting rows of flowers like spokes of a wheel along the hour lines4 ,it may be possible even to select such as are likely to open at or near the indicated hour4 ,the entire semicircle of pegs will also make a pretty finish with tall ornamental foliage plants or shrubs4 ,,practice ,make a sun-dial on the ground1 mark the hours with stones or sticks1 and see if it shows the time every day4 ,,among ,,the ,,stars ,scouts must be able to find their way by night1 but unless they practise it they are very apt to lose themselves4 ,at night distances seem much greater1 and land-marks are hard to see4 ,when patrolling in dark places1 keep closer together1 and in the dark or in the woods or caves keep in touch with each other by catching hold of the end of the next ,scout's staff4 ,the staff is also useful for feeling the way4 ,,winter ,,evenings4--,cut out a quantity of little stars from stamp edging4 ,take an old umbrella1 open1 and stick the stars inside it1 in the patterns of the chief constellations1 then hold it overhead1 and turn it once round for twenty-four hours1 making the stars rise in the east4 ,the sun and the moon appear almost the same size as a rule4 ,when we are a little nearer the sun1 in winter1 he looks a trifle larger than the moon4 ,to study the constellations1 go out when the stars are bright1 armed with a star map and a bicycle lamp to read it by1 and spread a rug on the ground to lie on1 or have a deck-chair1 or hammock4 ,watch for meteors in ,august and ,november4 ,let each girl try to draw a sketch map of a given constellation1 from memory4 ,,gardening ,now what about the gardens1 for it goes without saying that ,girl ,scouts must have gardens4 ,getting right down and smelling the fresh soil is good for any one4 ,it is mother earth's own breath4 ,watching the growth of our seeds is a veritable joy of joys4 ,but what had we better plant8 ,why not let every one plant at least one tree8 ,never mind what kind of a tree4 ,we will talk about that in a minute but decide at the outset that you will have at least one tree growing this year4 ,your trees will be a legacy to posterity1 a gift from the ,girl ,scouts to their country4 ,for in this ,united ,states of ours we have cut down too many trees and our forests are fast following the buffalo4 ,nay1 the bare face of the land has already begun to prove less attractive to the gentle rains of heaven and offers far too open a path to the raw blasts of winter4 ,in many sections of our country the climate is drier and colder than it was before so much of the forest was destroyed4 ,we are just waking up to this sad fact which it will take many years to rectify4 ,so let us plant trees4 ,a tree is a tree anyway be it large or small4 ,some are useful food producers while others are of value for ornament or timber4 ,all are good4 ,there are no bad trees4 ,so if you plant and raise a tree there can be no mistake4 ,whatever kind you select you will have done well4 ,fruit and nut trees will of course appeal most strongly to the young1 especially to those with good healthy appetites4 ,many very young trees can be made to return some fruit in a comparatively short time by being budded or grafted4 ,scouts should learn how to bud and graft4 ,it is not hard4 ,pears1 plums1 figs1 and peaches all do well in the ,south as do also some apples and grapes4 ,peach trees though are in the main short-lived4 ,but trees of different kinds can be grown all over the country4 ,apples and pears are at their best in the ,north and many kinds are very long-lived trees4 ,there are apple trees known to be a hundred years old still bearing4 ,sugar maple does well where there are long winters1 and a wood of them--locally called a sugar bush--is a paying piece of property4 ,most fruit trees are best bought from dealers or obtained from your friends4 ,they do not come true1 as it is called1 from the seed4 ,a ,baldwin apple-seed will not produce a ,baldwin apple4 ,but as all the varieties are got by selecting from seedlings we can experiment if we wish4 ,we are already saving apple-seeds for next year1 and it will certainly be grand if we can get a new kind of apple and name it the ,girl ,scout4 ,we shall not make many suggestions about flowers4 ,any and all kinds of flowers will do in your gardens but do not neglect our own wild ones4 ,take the goldenrod for instance4 ,the finest we have ever seen is grown in a city garden4 ,many other of our wild flowers will bear cultivating and some well repay the care necessary to tame them4 ,the atamasco lily seems to be perfectly at home in the garden and so does the bloodroot4 ,violets of course would be favorites if our native species were not with one exception scentless4 ,as any gardener's book will tell you all about our tame flowers it is not necessary to say much about them4 ,part ,,iv ,,sanitation ,girl ,scouts should do everything in their power to make and keep their homes healthy as well as happy4 ,most of you cannot choose your own dwelling1 but whether you live in a house1 a cottage1 a flat1 in rooms1 or even in one room of a house1 you can do a very great deal to keep it healthy and pure4 ,fresh air is your great friend2 it will help you to fight disease better than anything else4 ,open all your windows as often as you can1 so that the air may get into every nook and corner4 ,never keep an unused room shut up4 ,you know what a stagnant pool is like--no fresh water runs through it1 it is green and slimy1 and full of insects and dead things2 you would not care to bathe in it4 ,well1 still and stuffy air in a house is very much worse1 only1 unluckily1 its dangers cannot be seen1 but they are there lying in ambush for the ignorant person4 ,disease germs1 poisonous gases1 mildew1 insects1 dust1 and dirt have it all their own way in stale1 used-up air4 ,you do not like to wash in water other people have used1 but it is far worse to breathe air other people have breathed4 ,air does not flow in and flow out of the same opening at the same time any more than water does1 so you want two openings in a room--an open window to let the good air in1 and a fireplace and chimney to let the stale air out1 or1 where there is no fireplace1 a window open both at top and bottom4 ,the night air in large towns is purer than the day air1 and both in town and country you should sleep with your window open if you want to be healthy4 ,draughts are not good1 as they carry away the heat from your body too fast2 so if your bed is too near the window1 put up a shelter between it and the open window1 and cover yourself more4 ,at least one window on a staircase or landing should always be kept open1 and also the larder and the closet windows4 ,illustration ,tidiness ,motto3 ,,tidy ,,as ,,you ,,go4 ,half your time will be saved if little things are kept tidy4 ,have a place for everything1 and have everything in its place4 ,if you are not sure which is the right place for a thing1 think ,where1 if ,i wanted it1 should ,i go to look for it8 ,that place is the right one4 ,get into the habit of always making hanks of any string you get1 and keep them4 ,war must be waged against rats and mice1 or they will multiply and loot everything4 ,if you have no mouse-traps1 put a newspaper over a pail of water1 break a hole slightly in the center in the form of a star1 and place a bit of herring or cheese on the center tips of star to entice the mouse4 ,let the paper reach to the floor1 not too upright1 for the mouse to climb up4 ,try putting broken camphor into their holes2 they dislike the smell4 ,fly and wasp traps are made by tying paper over a tumbler half-filled with water and beer or treacle4 ,break a hole in the paper1 and fit in a tube of rolled paper about one inch long and one inch across4 ,try to keep yourself neat1 and see that the house you live in is clean1 sweet1 and pleasant4 ,,golden ,,health ,,habits ,,for ,,girl ,,scouts ,contributed by ,dr4 ,thomas ,d4 ,wood4 #a4 ,remember ,fresh ,air and ,sunlight ,are ,the ,best ,medicines4 ,ventilate1 therefore1 every room you occupy4 ,germs cannot live more than a few minutes in sunlight4 ,breathe deeply1 sleep out1 if you can4 ,work and play as much as possible out-of-doors4 #b4 ,be ,not the ,slave of ,unhygienic ,fashions4 ,be proud to have efficient feet4 ,wear light1 loose and porous1 but sufficient clothing4 #c4 ,eat ,slowly4 ,do not eat between meals4 ,chew food thoroughly4 ,do not overeat4 ,remember a ,girl ,scout is always cheerful and helpful4 ,she eats what is provided and is thankful for it4 7,she does not complain about her food47 ,if there are any suggestions she can make1 she reserves them until mother or the 7camp7 cook is preparing the menu or the meal4 ,eat some hard1 some bulky and some raw foods4 #d4 ,drink ,pure ,water at ,frequent ,intervals4 ,remember that not all water that looks pure is free from disease germs4 ,boil the water if the ,scout leader 7or older person7 is doubtful about it4 ,the few minutes spent in boiling and cooling water is time well spent4 ,do not drink water when there is food in the mouth4 #e4 ,be ,mistress of ,your ,time--,be ,regular in ,your ,habits of ,life4 ,go to bed early enough to get sufficient sleep4 ,be in bed #aj-a_/b to #aj hours each night4 ,get up in the morning promptly4 ,do not doze after it is time to get up4 ,if you have not had enough sleep go to bed earlier the next night4 ,be sure your bowels move regularly1 at least once a day4 ,if outside engagements are so pressing as to conflict with your personal health1 remember you have an important previous engagement with yourself for sufficient time for meals1 sleep1 out-of-door exercise and1 if necessary1 rest4 #f4 ,avoid ,infection and ,do ,not ,spread ,it4 ,wash your hands always before eating4 ,use your handkerchief to cover a sneeze or cough and try to avoid coughing1 sneezing or blowing the nose in front of others1 or at the table4 ,do not use a common towel or drinking cup1 or other appliance which may contain disease germs4 #g4 ,keep ,clean4 ,the smell of flowers has been said to be their soul4 ,try to keep your body as fresh as possible with the sweetness of cleanliness1 not perfumery4 ,take a sponge bath1 shower or quick tub bath daily4 #h4 ,play ,hard and ,fair4 ,be loyal to your team mates and generous to your opponents4 ,study hard--and in work1 study or play1 do your best4 #i4 ,remember ,dentist's ,bills are ,largely ,your ,own ,fault4 ,get the habit of cleaning your teeth and rinsing your mouth after each meal4 ,it is more than worth the habit4 #aj4 ,remember ,silence ,is ,golden4 ,in solitudes poets and philosophers have touched the heights of life4 ,it is valuable for everyone to take account of stock occasionally with oneself4 ,,health ,exercises and their ,object ,the best results of exercise are to be had outdoors from the activity of vigorous games4 ,some of us are so placed that we cannot have daily recreation outdoors and it becomes necessary to give our bodies some type of activity to keep them normal4 ,more than half the weight of the body is made up of muscular tissue4 ,if this muscle is not used the health of the whole body is affected4 ,exercise is a necessary condition of health1 just as food and sleep are4 ,the body is very responsive to the demands made upon it4 ,in fact1 each one of us can mold her own body1 very much as a sculptor fashions a statue4 ,this is done by giving the body proper care and the right forms of activity4 ,a weak1 infirm physique is nothing less than a crime4 ,it is the duty of each one of us1 both for our own sakes1 and for the benefit of future generations1 to perfect our physical frame4 ,it is a duty to be strong and beautiful in body as well as in mind and spirit4 ,the ,nose ,always breathe through the nose4 ,fifty years ago ,mr4 ,catlin wrote a book called ,shut your ,mouth and ,save your ,life1 and he showed how the ,red ,indians for a long time had adopted that method with their children to the extent of a cruel habit of tying up their jaws at night1 to ensure breathing through the nostrils4 ,breathing through the nose prevents germs of disease getting from the air into the throat and stomach2 it also prevents a growth in the back of the throat called adenoids1 which reduce the breathing capacity of the nostrils1 and also cause deafness4 ,by keeping the mouth shut you prevent yourself from getting thirsty when you are doing hard work4 ,the habit of breathing through the nose prevents snoring4 ,therefore practice keeping your mouth shut and breathing through your nose4 ,ears ,a ,scout must be able to hear well4 ,the ears are very delicate1 and once damaged are apt to become incurably deaf4 ,no sharp or hard instrument should be used in cleaning the ear4 ,the drum of the ear is a very delicate1 tightly stretched skin which is easily damaged4 ,very many children have had the drums of their ears permanently injured by getting a box on the ear4 ,eyes ,a ,scout1 of course1 must have particularly good eye-sight2 she must be able to see anything very quickly1 and to see it a long way off4 ,by practicing your eyes in looking at things at a great distance they will grow stronger4 ,while you are young you should save your eyes as much as possible1 or they will not be strong when you get older2 therefore avoid reading by lamplight or in the dusk1 and also sit with your back or side to the light when doing any work during the day2 if you sit facing the light it strains your eyes4 ,the strain of the eyes is a very common failure with growing girls1 although very often they do not know it1 and headaches come most frequently from the eyes being strained2 frowning on the part of a girl is very generally a sign that her eyes are being strained4 ,reading in bed brings headaches4 ,teeth ,bad teeth are troublesome1 and are often the cause of neuralgia1 indigestion1 abscesses1 and sleepless nights4 ,good teeth depend greatly on how you look after them when you are young4 ,attention to the first set of teeth keeps the mouth healthy for the second teeth1 which begin to come when a child is seven and these will last you to the end of your life1 if you keep them in order4 ,if one tooth is allowed to decay1 it will spread decay in all the others1 and this arises from scraps of food remaining between the teeth and decaying there4 ,a thorough ,scout always brushes her teeth inside and outside and between all1 just the last thing at night as well as other times1 so that no food remains about them to decay4 ,scouts in camps or in the wilds of the jungle cannot always buy tooth-brushes1 but should a tiger or a crocodile have borrowed yours1 you can make your teeth just as bright and white as his are by means of a frayed-out-dry1 clean stick4 ,learn how to make camp tooth-brushes out of sticks4 ,slippery elm or dragonroot sticks for cleaning teeth can be got at chemists' shops as samples4 ,,measurement ,,of ,,the ,,girl ,it is of paramount importance to teach the young citizen to assume responsibility for her own development and health4 ,physical drill is all very well as a disciplinary means of development1 but it does not give the girl any responsibility in the matter4 ,it is therefore deemed preferable to tell each girl1 according to her age1 what ought to be her height1 weight1 and various measurements 7such as chest1 waist1 arm1 leg1 etc474 ,she is then measured1 and learns in which points she fails to come up to the standard4 ,she can then be shown which exercises to practice for herself in order to develop those particular points4 ,encouragement must afterwards be given by periodical measurements1 say every three months or so4 ,cards can be obtained from the ,girl ,scouts ,office1 which1 besides giving the standard measurements for the various ages1 give columns to be filled in periodically1 showing the girl's remeasurements and progress in development4 ,if each girl has her card it is a great incentive to her to develop herself at odd times when she has a few minutes to spare4 ,my ,physical ,development ---------------------------------------- ----------------------- ,date4 ,weight4 ,height4 ,chest ,expanded4 ,neck4 ,forearm4 ,biceps4 ---------------------------------------- ----------------------- ---------------------------------------- ----------------------- ---------------------------------------- ----------------------- ---------------------------------------- ----------------------- ---------------------------------------- ----------------------- ---------------------------------------- ----------------------- ,fill in this page quarterly1 the progress shown should be a useful incentive4 ,games to ,develop ,strength ,skipping1 rowing1 fencing1 swimming1 tennis1 and handball are all valuable aids to developing strength4 ,use also3-- ,staff exercises1 to music if possible4 ,maze and spiral2 follow-my-leader1 done at a jog-trot in the open air4 ,a musical accompaniment when possible4 ,if done indoors1 all the windows in the room must be kept open top and bottom4 ,sing the tune4 ,,flags4--,choose sides2 each player lays down a flag or a handkerchief at her own goal1 and each side tries to capture the flags of the other2 once she touches the opponent's flag she cannot be taken prisoner1 but goes back with the flag to her side4 ,players can rescue a prisoner by touching her in prison4 ,players should keep moving as much as possible all the time1 and try to evade being captured4 ,,practice throwing at a mark4 ,put a pebble on the top of a staff and stand at a certain line so many paces off4 ,morris dances 7old ,english country dances7 and the folk-songs4 ,,endurance ,,is ,,useful ,have you not often heard of accidents on the ice8 ,in the winter of #ahie some schoolgirls were sliding on a frozen canal1 when one girl twelve years old ventured into the middle4 ,then there was an ominous cracking1 and in a moment she was struggling in water many feet deep4 ,miss ,alice ,white1 a teacher1 happened to witness the accident4 ,notwithstanding the warnings of several persons standing on the towing-path1 who assured her it was most dangerous1 she at once went on the ice and approached as close to the hole as she dared with safety4 ,she then lay down at full length1 so as to more equally distribute her weight1 and tried to seize the struggling child4 ,but under her weight the ice broke1 and the brave girl was precipitated into the cold water4 ,the bystanders shouted to her to forsake the child1 and at least save her own life1 but she did nothing of the kind4 ,she held on to her precious burden1 and literally fought her way out4 ,piece after piece of the ice broke off1 but she at length reached the bank in a state of great exhaustion4 ,her hands were cut in many places by the sharp ice1 but they were wounds of which any one might well have been proud4 ,miss ,white was only sixteen years old1 and it was the second time she had saved a life4 ,laying a pole or a branch across the hole is a good plan4 ,an ,easy ,way to ,grow ,strong ,it is possible for any girl1 even though she may be small and weak1 to make herself into a strong and healthy woman if she takes the trouble to do a few body exercises every day4 ,they take only about ten minutes1 and do not require any kind of apparatus4 ,this should be practiced every morning1 the first thing on getting up1 and every evening before going to bed4 ,a girl of ten years should weigh at least fifty pounds1 the average height at that age being forty-nine inches4 ,the value of this exercise is much increased if you think of the object of each move while you are doing it1 and if you are very particular to breathe the air in through your nose4 ,a great many people who are pale and ill are made so by living in rooms where the windows are seldom opened and the air is full of poisonous gases or germs4 ,open your windows1 especially at the top1 every day to let the foul air out4 ,do not exercise immediately after eating2 let your meal be digested4 ,girls who have not done these exercises before should begin them gradually with care1 bit by bit1 doing more every day4 ,brush your hair1 clean your teeth1 wash out your mouth and nose1 drink a cup of cold water1 and then go on with the following exercises4 ,it is best to carry these out with as few clothes on as possible1 either in the open air or close to an open window4 ,the movements should be executed vigorously4 ,first ,series ,,exercise ,i4 ,stand erect1 hands at side4 ,count #a4 ,bend knees deeply with trunk held vertical4 ,count #b4 ,straighten knees and return to an erect position4 ,count #c4 ,let the body fall directly forward until it reaches an angle of #de degrees1 advancing the left foot a long stride to catch the weight of the body1 and bringing the closed hands to shoulders1 palms forward1 elbows close at side1 shoulders drawn back and chest out4 ,count #d4 ,bend at the waist without moving the legs and touch the floor with both hands4 ,count #e4 ,return to the third position4 ,count #f4 ,stand erect4 ,repeat ten times1 using first one foot1 then the other4 ,at the end of one week use this exercise fifteen times4 ,continue to increase the repetitions by fives each week until you can do thirty4 ,,exercise ,,ii4 ,take five deep breaths1 inhaling and exhaling1 filling the lower part of the chest1 and at the end of the breath expelling all the air you can4 ,second ,series ,,exercise ,i4 ,run in place1 that is go through the movements of running without gaining ground1 twenty steps1 rest a minute and do fifty counts4 ,,exercise ,,ii4 ,lying on the back1 hands at side1 raise the body and touch the toes with both hands1 ten times4 ,,exercise ,,iii4 ,count #a4 ,charge sideways1 raising the arms sideways to a vertical position4 ,count #b4 ,bend and twist to the left1 touching the floor with both hands on the left side of the foot4 ,counts #c and #d4 ,make the return movements4 ,repeat ten times in each direction4 ,,exercise ,,iv4 ,deep breathing eight times4 ,third ,series ,,exercise ,i4 ,bend knees deeply1 fifteen times4 ,,exercise ,,ii4 ,lying face downward1 hands at side1 raise the head and chest from the floor as far as possible4 ,,exercise ,,iii4 ,lying face downward1 head resting on the folded arms1 raise each leg upward and backward from the hip with straight knee1 ten times4 ,,exercise ,,iv4 ,lying on the back1 hands under head1 raise both legs with straight knees to a vertical position1 toes pointed upward1 ten times4 ,,exercise ,v4 ,charge obliquely forward left1 arms in line with the body and rear leg2 touch the floor and return1 making it a four-count exercise4 ,repeat ten times in each direction4 ,,exercise ,,vi4 ,run in place for one minute1 rest and repeat4 ,,exercise ,,vii4 ,take ten deep breaths4 ,,home ,,life ,housewifery ,every ,girl ,scout is as much a hussif as she is a girl4 ,she is sure to have to keep house some day1 and whatever house she finds herself in1 it is certain that that place is the better for her being there4 ,too many odds and ends and draperies about a room are only dust-traps1 and rugs or carpet squares1 which can be taken up easily1 are better than nailed down carpets4 ,keep all the furniture clean and bright4 ,fresh air1 soap1 and water are the good housewife's best allies4 ,bars of soap should be cut up in squares1 and kept for six weeks before being used4 ,this hardens it1 and makes it last longer4 ,in scrubbing boarded floors1 the secret is not to deluge the floor2 change the water in the pail frequently4 ,in the work of cleaning1 think out your plan beforehand1 so as not to dirty what has been cleaned4 ,plan certain times for each kind of work1 and have your regular days for doing each thing4 ,,paste-,,boards ,,and ,,deal ,,tables4--,scrub hard the way of the grain4 ,hot water makes boards and tables yellow4 ,rinse in cold water1 and dry well4 ,,saucepans4--,new saucepans must not be used till they have first been filled with cold water and a little soda1 and boiled for an hour or so1 and must be well scoured4 ,after basins or saucepans have been used fill them at once with cold water to the brim2 this will prevent anything hardening on the saucepan1 and will make cleaning easier4 ,illustration ,needlework ,a stitch in time saves nine4 ,we cannot agree with this favorite saying1 because it saves so many more than nine1 besides saving time and preventing untidiness4 ,tailors1 who are such neat workers1 will say that they never pin their work first4 ,if you are not a tailor1 it is much better to place your work1 before you begin1 with plenty of pins4 ,you will never get straight lines or smooth corners if you do not plan and place it all first1 just as it has got to be1 and tack it there4 ,have you noticed that thread is very fond of tying itself into a bow2 but this can be prevented by threading the cotton into the needle before you cut it off the reel1 making your knot at the end you cut4 ,in rough measures1 one inch is equivalent to the distance across a twenty-five-cent piece1 and a yard is from nose to thumb1 as far as you can reach4 ,needlework is good for all of us2 it rests and calms the mind4 ,you can think peacefully over all the worries of ,europe whilst you are stitching4 ,sewing generally solves all the toughest problems1 chiefly other peoples'4 ,pillow lace needs a little more attention1 but is a lovely art which girls can easily master4 ,the writer was taught to make the flowers of ,honiton lace by a little ,irish girl1 and the variations you can invent are endless4 ,you would find a good sale for insertion lace of the ,torchon patterns4 ,make your own pillow1 and buy some cheap bobbins to begin learning with1 and do not try fine work at first4 ,learn to spin wool and thread2 a spinster can earn money in this way4 ,the ,girl ,scouts' ,patch ,we don't know whether you ever did such a thing as burn a hole in your dress1 but we have1 and if it is in the front1 oh1 dear6 what will mother say4 ,now1 there is a very good way that ,girl ,scouts have of making it all right and serviceable2 they put in a piece and darn it in all round4 ,if possible1 get a piece of the same stuff1 then it will not fade a different tint1 and will wear the same as the rest4 ,you may undo the hem and cut out a bit1 or perhaps you may have some scraps left over from cutting out your dress4 ,the piece must be cut three or four inches larger than the hole1 and frayed out on all four sides4 ,trim the hole with your scissors neatly all round quite square with the thread4 ,then lay your piece over the hole--of course on the back or wrong side--and tack it there with cotton4 ,now take a darning needle1 and thread each thread in turn1 and darn each one into the stuff4 ,if the ends of stuff are very short1 it is best to run your needle in and out where you are going to darn1 and then1 before pulling it through1 thread it with the wool4 ,this patching is excellent for table-linen4 ,we once had an aunt who was a thorough old ,scout1 and was rather proud of her mending4 ,she always said that she didn't mind what colored cotton you gave her to sew with1 because her stitches hardly ever showed1 they were so small1 and also she put them inside the stuff4 ,if she was putting on a patch to blue stuff1 she could do it with red cotton1 and you would never have noticed it on the right side2 her stitches were all under the edge4 ,or else she sewed it at the back1 on the wrong side1 so that it looked perfectly neat4 ,if you are not able to match the wool for a darn1 it is a good plan to use the ravelings of the stuff itself4 ,sometimes1 away in the country1 you can't go to a shop and you have nothing like the piece you want to mend4 ,a ,scout would turn it inside out and undo a little of the hem1 and ravel out the edge4 ,suppose you were to cut a hole in the front of your blue serge skirt2 if you darn it with the ravelings of the turnings of the seam or the hem1 that will be exactly the same color and the same thickness as your dress4 ,no wool you could buy would match as well4 ,or if you want to mend a jersey or knitted gloves1 you never could buy such a good match--the same sized wool and the tints4 ,illustration ,damask table-cloths should be darned to match the pattern1 following the flowers of the design1 and large holes may be mended like the ,scouts' ,patch just described4 ,to sew on buttons properly1 leave them loose enough for the iron to push4 ,on washing articles have your threads long enough to make a little stalk to the button1 which is wound round before finishing4 ,your needle should be sloped out to all sides1 so as to take up fresh stuff farther out than the holes in the button4 ,scouts may make many useful presents in their spare time1 such as cretonne covered blotters or frames1 mittens1 warm felt slippers 7for which woolly soles can be bought71 pen-wipers1 pin-cushions1 and needle-books4 ,they could also make articles for their hospitals1 such as night-clothing1 soft caps1 handkerchiefs1 pillow-cases1 and dusters4 ,,home ,,cooking ,there is a legend in ,turkey that when a rich man is engaged to marry a lady he can break it off if she is not able to cook him a dish of dates in a different way every day for a whole month4 ,a friend of ours did somewhat the same in trying a new cook2 he always tested them with nothing but cutlets for a fortnight4 ,the real test of a good cook is to see how little food she wastes4 ,she uses up all the scraps1 and old bits of bread are baked for making puddings and for frying crumbs2 she sees that nothing goes bad1 and she also buys cleverly4 ,those who do not understand cookery waste money4 ,perfect cleanliness and neatness should be insisted on1 or your food will be bad and unwholesome4 ,eggs ,is an egg lighter or heavier when cooked8 ,an experienced cook is experienced in eggs4 ,there are new laid eggs which are fresh and fresh eggs which are not2 there are cooking eggs which are liable to squeak4 ,eggs are safe in their shells1 and think you don't know whether they are fresh or not1 or whether they are raw4 ,any egg can be thrown out of a first-floor window on to the lawn without the shell breaking2 it falls like a cat1 right end upwards1 and this is not a boiled egg1 either6 ,you can tell that because it will not spin on the table1 so it must have been a raw egg4 ,a cooked egg would spin4 ,to tell a stale egg1 you will see it is more transparent at the thick end when held up to the light4 ,fresh eggs are more transparent in the middle4 ,very bad eggs will float in a pan of water4 ,poached ,eggs ,break each egg separately into a cup4 ,when your water is boiling fast1 drop in an egg sharply4 ,use a large deep pan1 with salt and vinegar in the water4 ,lift the egg very carefully in a ladle before it is set too hard4 ,place the eggs all round a soup plate1 pour over them a nice sauce made with flour and butter1 a little milk1 and some grated cheese and salt4 ,,stock ,,pot4--,keep a pot going all day1 into which you can put any broken-up bones or scraps left over1 to make nourishing broth4 ,clean turnips1 carrots1 and onions improve it4 ,before using let it get cold1 so as to skim off the fat4 ,,home ,,health ,contributed by ,dr4 ,thomas ,d4 ,wood4 #a4 ,dust 7carries germs and bacteria7-- a4 ,must be kept out of the house by #a4 ,being careful not to bring it in on shoes or clothing4 #b4 ,by really removing the dust when cleaning1 not just brushing it from place to place with dry brushes and dust cloths4 b4 ,tools needed-- #a4 ,vacuum cleaner 7if possible74 #b4 ,brooms and brushes of different kinds4 #c4 ,mops4 #d4 ,dust cloths of cotton1 outing flannel and wool4 #e4 ,soft paper4 c4 ,methods of cleaning-- #a4 ,cleansing and putting away all small movable articles first4 #b4 ,wiping walls1 pictures1 floor1 furniture1 woodwork1 etc41 using damp cloths and brushes1 if possible1 so that no dust can fly1 and gathering all dust on a dustpan that has a damp paper on it to collect dust4 #c4 ,airing and sunning each room while cleaning4 #d4 ,wiping window shades at least once a week4 #e4 ,cleaning hangings often and laundering table and cushion covers4 #f4 ,keeping every corner1 drawer1 and closet aired1 cleansed1 sunned and in order at all times to prevent accumulation of dust1 germs and household pests4 #g4 ,keeping all bathroom furnishings spotless and sweet1 always drying after cleansing4 #h4 ,scalding all cleaning tools and drying in sunshine1 if possible1 before putting away4 #b4 ,care of the ,bedroom-- ,hygiene of the ,bedroom-- #a4 ,substances that tend to make the bedroom unhealthy are-- a4 ,excretions from lungs1 skin1 kidneys4 b4 ,street dust that has settled on clothing in day4 #b4 ,relation of personal habits to healthfulness of the bedroom-- a4 ,leave outside wraps outside bedroom1 if at all possible1 at least until they have been well dusted4 b4 ,never put into the closet clothing that has been next to the skin during the day4 ,such articles should be aired by an open window during the night4 c4 ,a bath each day at some time and a thorough cleansing of face1 hands and feet before going to bed will prevent much dust and body excretions from accumulating on bed clothing4 #c4 ,preparation for the ,night-- a4 ,remove counterpane and fold carefully4 b4 ,protect blanket by covering with a sheet or other light covering4 c4 ,open windows from top and bottom4 d4 ,hang used clothing to air4 #d4 ,care of ,room on ,rising-- a4 ,remove bed clothing and hang by open window in the sun4 b4 ,air night clothing before hanging away4 c4 ,if a washstand is used1 empty all bowls and jars1 soap dishes1 etc41 wash and dry them before leaving the room for breakfast4 d4 ,when thoroughly aired1 make the bed and put the room in order4 #e4 ,making the ,bed ,properly-- a4 ,mattress must have been turned4 ,there should be a covering for the mattress under the first sheet4 b4 ,put on the under sheet1 tucking it securely under mattress at top1 bottom and sides4 c4 ,put on upper sheet and blankets1 tucking in at bottom only4 d4 ,turn upper sheet down over blankets4 e4 ,cover with counterpane and place on well-beaten pillows4 #f4 ,weekly ,cleaning-- a4 ,mattress1 rugs1 and unwashable hangings should be removed to some place in outdoor air and sunshine1 beaten and dusted4 b4 ,closets must be cleaned and dusted first1 then used to store all small articles from room after they have been thoroughly cleaned4 c4 ,clean walls1 pictures1 woodwork1 floors1 windows and shades4 d4 ,put room in order4 e4 ,such care of the rooms of a house make regular housecleaning spells unnecessary4 #c4 ,kitchen ,sanitation-- a4 ,do not wash-- #a4 ,iron 7range74 #b4 ,brass and copper4 #c4 ,tin4 #d4 ,zinc4 #e4 ,aluminum1 nickel1 silver4 ,to clean metals of grease1 use kerosene1 gasoline1 benzine1 naphtha1 chloroform1 soap suds4 b4 ,care of ,sink-- #a4 ,pour dishwater through a sieve4 #b4 ,greasy water must be changed into a soap or dissolved before being poured down to drain4 #c4 ,flush sink drain three times a week with boiling sal soda solution1 one pint sal soda to three gallons of water4 ,use at least two quarts4 c4 ,kitchen needs same treatment for general cleanliness1 removal of dust1 etc41 as other rooms and walls4 ,woodwork--floor should be often washed thoroughly in hot soapsuds1 rinsed and dried to be sure no germs develop where food is being prepared4 d4 ,care of ,ice ,chest-- #a4 ,should be emptied and thoroughly washed and dried at least twice a week to make it a wholesome place for food4 #d4 ,cellar-- #a4 ,must be kept as free of dust and rubbish as the kitchen4 #b4 ,no decaying vegetables or fruit must be found in it4 #e4 ,door-,yard and ,out-,building-- #a4 ,grass and growing things1 especially if sprayed with water daily1 will help keep dust out of houses4 #b4 ,rubbish of any kind should be burned1 for it is in such places that flies and mosquitoes breed4 #c4 ,grass should be kept cut and lawns raked to keep mosquitoes from breeding4 #d4 ,no manure from domestic animals should be allowed to be exposed on the premises1 for in such material the typhoid fly lays its eggs4 #e4 ,barns and out-houses should be screened4 #f4 ,to ,clean ,fruits and ,vegetables-- #a4 ,garden soil is the home of a multitude of small forms of life1 many quite harmless1 but some organisms causing disease4 ,for instance1 germs of tetanus are found in dust and soil4 #b4 ,top-dressing or fertilizer used to enrich the soil may contain such disease germs4 #c4 ,if fruits or vegetables come from the market instead of the garden they are quite as likely to have dust and bacteria clinging to them4 #d4 ,it is necessary1 therefore1 to wash all vegetables and fruits thoroughly before using4 #g4 ,how to ,wash ,fruit and ,vegetables-- #a4 ,put berries and small fruits in a colander1 a few at a time1 and dip lightly down and up in a basin of water1 being careful not to crush the fruit4 #b4 ,wash strawberries with hulls on4 #c4 ,firm fruits1 as grapes1 cherries1 etc41 can be washed by standing the colander under the cold water faucet for some time4 #d4 ,lettuce is best washed under the cold water faucet and celery needs scrubbing with a brush4 #e4 ,apples from exposed fruit stands should be soaked for some time and carefully dried4 #h4 ,fresh ,foods ,are ,best-- #a4 ,celery1 cabbage1 apples1 pumpkins1 beets1 squash1 white and sweet potatoes1 etc41 can be kept fresh for out of season use if carefully cleansed and stored away in a dry1 cool1 dark place4 #i4 ,methods of ,preserving ,foods-- #a4 ,salting4 #b4 ,pickling4 #c4 ,refrigeration4 #d4 ,canning4 #e4 ,preserving4 #f4 ,drying or evaporation4 #aj4 ,method of ,preserving ,eggs-- #a4 ,packing in coarse salt4 #b4 ,cover with water-glass in large stone jars1 set in cool place4 #aa4 ,care of ,milk-- #a4 ,use certified milk or inspected milk4 #b4 ,wash bottle top before removing cover4 #c4 ,pour milk in pans that have been scalded and drained dry in the sun or1 in damp weather1 by the stove4 #d4 ,as soon as cool enough put in refrigerator or in coolest place possible1 as milk spoils very quickly unless kept cold4 #ab4 ,care of ,meat-- #a4 ,wash thoroughly as soon as it arrives4 #b4 ,place on clean pan of aluminum1 porcelain or some such ware4 #c4 ,place in refrigerator until ready to cook4 #ac4 ,general ,rules ,for ,care of ,food-- #a4 ,keep food clean--7personal cleanliness1 washing food74 #b4 ,keep food dry4 #c4 ,keep food cool4 #d4 ,care for food left from each meal4 ,if carefully put away it can be used and not wasted4 ,inspected ,milk-- #a4 ,comes from sanitary farms where cows1 cases and bottles are reasonably clean2 the rules are much less strict than for certified milk4 #b4 ,cannot by law contain more than #ejj1jjj germs in each teaspoonful1 while certified milk contains not more than #ej1jjj germs4 ,pasteurized ,milk-- #a4 ,method recommended by ,department of ,health of ,chicago4 ,in a small tin pail place a saucer4 ,on the saucer stand the bottle of milk 7leaving the cap on the bottle74 ,now put sufficient hot water 7not so hot as to break the bottle7 into the pail to fill same to within three or four inches of the top of the bottle1 and then stand the pail and its contents on the top of the stove4 ,the instant the water begins to boil remove the bottle of milk from the pail and cool it as rapidly as possible4 ,keep the bottle of milk in the ice box and keep the cap on the bottle when not in use4 ,when you remove the cap do so with a clean prong1 and be careful that the milk side of the cap does not come in contact with anything dirty4 ,none but inspected or certified milk should be used4 ,milk should be kept covered with clean cheese cloth to prevent dust getting in4 ,water-- #a4 ,water will carry germs of typhoid fever1 cholera1 etc4 #b4 ,boiling and cooling all water that might be suspected4 ,unprotected and ,exposed ,food-- a4 ,prevention-- #a4 ,be sure of a pure water supply 7inspection of ,board of ,health74 #b4 ,cleanse all foods properly before eating4 ,house ,fly-- a4 ,why it is a ,disease ,carrier-- #a4 ,breeds in filth where disease germs are found4 #b4 ,construction of feet1 legs1 body1 wings1 etc41 favorable for catching and holding great numbers of filth and disease germs4 b4 ,how to ,fight the ,fly-- #a4 ,catch all flies that get in the house4 #b4 ,keep food covered4 #c4 ,trap flies out of doors4 #d4 ,screen all windows of houses1 barns or out-buildings4 ,mosquito-- #a4 ,carries germs of malaria and yellow fever4 #b4 ,turn over every pail or tub that may hold water4 #c4 ,pick up old tin cans and bottles and put them where rain cannot fill them4 #d4 ,screen rain barrels and cisterns so mosquitoes cannot get to the water and lay eggs4 #e4 ,screen the wash water if it is left standing over night4 #f4 ,change water every day in drinking pans for birds and animals4 ,rats-- ,prevention-- ,get rid of them by trapping and killing4 ,,hints ,,to ,,housekeepers ,,how ,,to ,,clean ,,wire ,,window ,,screens4 ,rub down with ,kerosene oil outside and inside4 ,,three ,,primary ,,colors are1 ,red1 ,blue and ,yellow4 ,,polishing ,,floors ,one quart of turpentine to one quarter 7#a_/d7 pound of beeswax4 ,warm1 taking care not to let any fire reach the turpentine4 ,rub in the floor with flannel and polish with hard brush4 ,a little powdered burnt umber mixed in gives a nice brown stain4 ,,to ,,put ,,away ,,flannels ,first thoroughly air and beat them1 then wrap up with cedar chips1 refuse tobacco1 or camphor1 and wrap in newspapers1 being careful to close every outlet to keep out moths4 ,babcock ,test ,the ,babcock test is a test for determining the butter fat in milk4 ,bottles are devised which are known as ,babcock milk bottles1 and are registered to show the per cent4 of fat in milk4 ,a certain amount of milk is mixed with a certain amount of ,commercial ,sulphuric acid of a specific gravity #a4hc which is added by degrees and thoroughly shaken up with the milk4 ,enough distilled water is added to fill the bottle4 ,the mixture is then centrifuged in a ,babcock ,centrifuge1 and the centrifuged fat read in per cent4 on the neck of the bottle4 ,the ,official ,travelers' ,babcock ,test can be purchased from the ,creamery ,package ,manufactory ,co41 ,chicago ,ill41 and costs between #e4jj and #f4jj4 ,all utensils used in dairy work should be sterilized by steaming or boiling for five minutes4 ,how to ,cure ,hams ,rub one tablespoonful of ,saltpetre into the face of each ham2 let it remain one day4 ,literally cover the ham with salt and pack it in a closed box4 ,leave it in box as many days as there are pounds to the ham4 ,take it out1 wash in warm water2 cover the face of the ham with black pepper1 and smoke it ten days with green hickory or red-oak chips4 ,care of ,children ,mrs4 ,benson writes3 ,there is no way in which a girl can help her country better than by fitting herself to undertake the care of children4 ,she should learn all she can about them1 and take every opportunity of helping to look after these small ,girl ,scouts and ,boy ,scouts of the future4 ,an infant cannot tell you its wants1 but a ,scout with a knowledge of the needs of children1 what to feed them on1 and the rules for good health1 may save many a baby1 for she never knows how soon the precious gift of some child's life may be placed in her hands4 ,baby does not know that fire will burn1 or that water will drown one1 so you need to guard him4 ,baby requires the proper food to build up a healthy body4 ,he prefers milk for the first months of his life1 and even up till three years old he takes mostly milk2 and as a baby cannot digest flour1 bread1 corn-flour1 and such things are so much poison to him4 ,they may injure a little baby's health for life4 ,as has been said to older children1 let him keep quiet after eating4 ,even up to three years old1 ,baby's food must be chiefly milk--biscuits1 puddings1 and fruit being gradually added4 ,he is very particular about his milk being fresh and good4 ,baby is extremely punctual4 ,he feels it keenly if you do not feed him at the fixed hour1 and will very likely let you know it1 and woe betide you if he finds out that you have not properly scalded out his bottle before and after each meal4 ,illustration ,when his digestion is not right1 his appetite will not be so good4 ,digestion means that the food you eat is turned into muscle and brain and bone4 ,we eat onions to make bone1 and oats to make brain1 but ,baby must not be allowed such food till he is older4 ,what is indigestion8 ,it means not only uncomfortable pains in the middle of the night1 but also that you have not used up the food you ate1 and that food is going bad inside you1 and making bad blood4 ,eat only the foods that you know you can digest comfortably4 ,do not give ,baby too much at a time1 or he will not be able to digest it1 and keep him to plain food4 ,air ,sun and air are life-giving4 ,put a pale withering plant or human being into the sun1 and each will recover health4 ,give a baby plenty of fresh air1 out of doors if you can1 but avoid draughty places4 ,air the rooms well4 ,you know1 too1 that the air inside the bed-clothes is impure1 so do not let ,baby sleep with his head under the sheet2 tuck it in under his chin4 ,you remember what air did in curing illness in the case of the expressman's children4 ,he had two boys and three little girls all beginning to have consumption1 and constantly requiring a doctor at great expense4 ,he got the happy idea of putting them all into his cart when he started out very early on his work1 and he drove them about every morning till school time4 ,every one of them soon got well1 and became strong and healthy4 ,bath ,no one can be healthy unless she is extremely clean4 ,baby will want his bath daily1 with soap and warmish water4 ,he likes to kick the water and splash1 as long as you support his head4 ,before starting on this swimming expedition1 you should have all his clothes1 warm1 by you1 and all that you will want must be within reach1 and he expects a warm flannel on your knees to lie on4 ,you must carefully dry all the creases in his fat body for him1 with a soft towel4 ,illnesses ,what will you do when you suddenly find that baby is ill4 ,call in the doctor8 ,yes--that is1 if there is one4 ,but when there is no doctor6 ,you will at once think of all the ,first ,aid you have learnt1 and what you know of nursing4 ,drugs are bad things4 ,you may ruin a child by giving it soothing drugs and advertised medicines4 ,they sometimes produce constipation4 ,never neglect the bowels if they become stopped1 or you may bring on inflammation4 ,children's illnesses often are brought on by damp floors2 you can trace them to the evening that the boards were washed4 ,a flood of water could not dry without damping the room and the children4 ,bowed legs come from walking too soon4 ,it does baby good to lie down and kick about1 for crawling and climbing exercise his muscles4 ,the best remedy1 if you find a child suffering from convulsions1 is to place it in a warm bath1 as hot as your bare elbow can endure4 ,childhood is the time to form the body2 it cannot be altered when you are grown up4 ,clothing ,children's clothes should be warm but light1 and the feet and legs should be kept warm and dry4 ,to put on their stockings1 turn the toe in a little way1 and poke the toes into the end1 then pull over a little at a time1 instead of putting the foot in at the knee of the stocking4 ,put the left stocking on the right foot next day1 so as to change them every day4 ,flannelette is made of cotton1 so it is not warm like wool1 and it catches fire easily1 as cotton-wool does4 ,rubber is most unhealthful1 and causes paralysis4 ,don't sit on rubber or on oilcloth unless covered1 and never put rubber next to the skin4 ,thermometers ,illustration ,to convert a given number of degrees ,fahrenheit into ,centigrade1 deduct #cb1 multiply by #e1 and divide by #i4 ,to convert into ,raumur1 deduct #cb1 multiply by #d1 and divide by #i4 ,to convert degrees ,centigrade into ,fahrenheit1 multiply by #i1 divide by #e1 and add #cb4 ,to convert ,raumur into ,fahrenheit1 multiply by #i1 divide by #d1 and add #cb4 ,the diagram shows corresponding degrees4 ,beat of ,pulse per minute ,pulse beat for normal person3 ,infant before age of one year1 #acj to #aae beats per minute4 ,infant up to two years of age1 #aae to #acj beats per minute4 ,adult1 #gj to #hj beats per minute4 ,adult in old age1 #gj to #fj in normal health4 ,part ,v ,,first ,,aid ,the ,national ,red ,cross ,society award certificates in ,first ,aid to girls over sixteen years old only1 but any ,girl ,scout can win the ,girl ,scout ,ambulance badge by passing an examination on the first three chapters of the ,woman's ,edition of the ,red ,cross ,abridged ,text-,book on ,first ,aid4 ,this training of the ,girl ,scouts awakens taste for hospital work4 ,the scope of this book is insufficient for a complete course of instruction in hospital work1 so it is best for the leaders to have lectures1 lessons1 and demonstrations4 ,there is danger in a little knowledge of such an important subject4 ,so we shall only say that the one important ,scout precept of obeying orders is in a hospital of paramount importance4 ,disobedience is certainly a crime4 ,nosebleed ,slight nosebleed does not require treatment2 no harm results from it4 ,when severe nosebleed occurs1 loosen the collar 7do not blow the nose71 apply cold to the back of the neck by means of a key or a cloth wrung out in cold water2 a roll of paper under the upper lip between it and the gum will help2 when bleeding still continues shove a cotton or a gauze plug into the nostrils leaving it there until the bleeding stops4 ,eyes ,dust1 flies1 or cinder in the eye4 ,get the person's head well back1 seize the upper eyelash and pull the upper lid well forward over the lower1 press it against the latter as it slips back into place1 and if the fly is beneath the upper lid it will be left on the lower lid4 ,if this fails1 place a match on the upper eyelid1 catch the eyelashes and turn the lid over the match1 and if you can see the cause of the trouble remove it with the corner of a handkerchief or use a camel's-hair brush4 ,a drop of castor-oil in the eye soothes it afterwards4 ,for lime in the eye use a weak solution of vinegar and water4 ,,first ,,aid ,,to ,,injured ,fire constitutes a danger1 especially if there is a panic where the fire starts4 ,never throw away a lighted match1 it may fall on inflammable material and start fire4 ,reading in bed is dangerous1 as if you go to sleep the bed-clothes may catch fire4 ,if you must dry your clothes by a fire watch them carefully4 ,cut away all dry grass around a fire in camp4 ,never carry a light into a room that smells strongly of escaped gas2 never handle gunpowder with matches in your pocket4 ,how to ,put out ,fire ,if your clothing catches fire don't run for help1 that will fan the flames2 lie down1 roll up in an overcoat or rug4 ,if nothing can be found to roll about you1 roll over slowly beating out the flames with your hands4 ,if another person is on fire throw him on the ground and smother the fire with a rug away from the face4 ,what to ,do in ,case of ,fire ,show coolness and presence of mind2 throw water 7a few bucketfuls will often put out the fire71 or blankets1 woolen clothing1 sand1 ashes1 dirt1 or even flour on fire4 ,if you discover a fire sound the alarm on the street fire-alarm post1 or telephone to the ,fire ,department4 ,the doors of a house or a room that is on fire should be closed to prevent draughts spreading the flames4 ,while searching a burning house tie a wet handkerchief over the nose and mouth4 ,remember that within six inches of the floor there is no smoke2 when you have difficulty in breathing1 crawl along the floor with the head low1 dragging any one you have rescued behind you4 ,tie the insensible person's hands together and put them over your head4 ,you can then crawl along the floor dragging the rescued person with you4 ,never jump from the window unless the flames are so close that it is your only means of escape4 ,if outside a burning building put mattresses and bedding piled high to break the jumper's fall and get a strong rug to hold1 to catch the jumper1 and let many people hold the rug4 ,in country districts organize a bucket brigade2 two lines of girls from water to fire--pass buckets1 jugs1 tumblers1 or anything that will hold water from girl to girl and throw water on the fire1 passing buckets back by another line of girls4 ,rescue from ,drowning ,there are four practical methods of bringing a drowning person to land4 ,illustration3 ,fig4 #a #a4 ,if quiet1 turn him on his back1 and grip him by the head so that the palms of the hands cover the ears1 and swim on the back4 ,keep his face above water 7,fig4 #a74 ,illustration3 ,fig4 #b #b4 ,in case of struggling1 turn him on his back4 ,then grip his arms just above the elbows and raise them until they are at right angles to his body1 and swim on the back 7,fig4 #b74 ,illustration3 ,fig4 #c #c4 ,if the arms are difficult to grasp1 push your arms under those of the subject1 bend them upwards1 and place your hands1 with the fingers separated1 flat on his chest1 the thumbs resting on his shoulder joints4 ,swim on the back 7,fig4 #c74 ,illustration3 ,fig4 #d #d4 ,in rescuing a swimmer with cramp or exhausted1 or a drowning person who is obedient and remains quiet1 the person assisted must place his hands on the rescuer's shoulders close to the neck at arm's length1 turn on his back1 and lie perfectly still with the head well back4 ,here the rescuer is uppermost2 and1 having his arms and legs free1 swims with the breast stroke4 ,this is the easiest method1 and enables the rescuer to carry the person a longer distance without much exertion 7,fig4 #d74 ,release ,a drowning person will sometimes grip his would-be rescuer in such a manner as to render it impossible to tow him to land4 ,the three following methods are recommended for releasing oneself when clutched by a drowning person4 ,illustration3 ,fig4 #e ,illustration3 ,fig4 #f #a4 ,when the rescuer is grasped by the wrists3 ,extend the arms straightforward1 bring them down until they are in a line with the hips1 and then jerk the wrists against the thumbs of the subject4 ,this will break the hold 7,figs4 #e and #f74 ,illustration3 ,fig4 #g #b4 ,when the rescuer is clasped round the neck3 ,take a deep breath and lean well over the drowning person4 ,at the same time1 place the left hand in the small of his back4 ,then pinch the nostrils close between the fingers of the right1 while resting the palm on his chin1 and push away with all possible force 7,fig4 #g74 ,illustration3 ,fig4 #h #c4 ,when the rescuer is clasped round the body3 ,take a deep breath and lean well over as before4 ,place the left hand on the subject's right shoulder and the right palm on his chin4 ,at the same time bring the right knee against the lower part of his chest4 ,then by means of a strong and sudden push1 stretch your arms and leap straight out1 throwing the whole weight of your body backwards 7,fig4 #h74 ,illustration ,artificial ,respiration ,illustration3 ,fig4 #i ,when a person is brought to land in an apparently drowned condition lose no time in attempting restoration4 ,delay may prove fatal4 ,act at once and work with caution1 continuous energy1 and perseverance4 ,life has1 in many cases1 been restored after long hours of unceasing work4 ,in all cases send for a doctor as soon as possible4 ,meanwhile proceed at once to clear the water out of the patient's lungs4 ,the following method is the simplest and is called the ,schfer system1 after the inventor4 ,incline the patient face downwards and the head downwards1 so that the water may run out of his mouth1 and pull his tongue forward4 ,after running the water out of the patient1 place him on his side with his body slightly hanging down1 and keep the tongue hanging out4 ,if he is breathing let him rest2 if he is not breathing1 you must at once endeavor to restore breathing artificially4 ,here are ,professor ,schfer's own instructions3 ,illustration3 ,fig4 #aj #a4 ,lay the patient face downwards with arms extended and the face turned to the side4 #b4 ,don't put a cushion or any support under the chest4 ,kneel or squat alongside or astride of the patient facing towards his head4 #c4 ,place your hands on the small of the patient's back1 one on each side1 with thumbs parallel and nearly touching4 #d4 ,bend forward with the arms straight1 so as to allow the weight of your body to fall on your wrists1 and then make a firm1 steady downward pressure on the loins of the patient1 while you count slowly1 one--two--three4 #e4 ,then swing your body backward so as to relieve the pressure and without removing your hands1 while you count slowly1 one--two4 ,illustration3 ,fig4 #aa ,continue this backward and forward movement1 alternately relieving and pressing the patient's stomach against the ground in order to drive the air out of his chest and mouth1 and allowing it to suck itself in again1 until gradually the patient begins to do it for himself4 ,the proper pace for the movement should be about twelve pressures to the minute4 ,as soon as the patient is breathing you can leave off the pressure2 but watch him1 and if he fails you must start again till he can breathe for himself4 ,then let him lie in a natural position and set to work to get him warm by putting hot flannels or bottles of hot water between his thighs1 and under the arms and against the soles of his feet4 ,wet clothing should be taken off and hot blankets rolled round him4 ,the patient should be disturbed as little as possible and encouraged to sleep while carefully watched for at least an hour afterwards4 ,ice ,rescue ,to rescue a person who has broken through the ice1 you should first tie a rope around your own body and have the other end tied or held in shore4 ,then get a long board or a ladder1 or the limb of a tree1 crawl out on this and push it out so that the person in the water may reach it4 ,if nothing can be found on which to support your weight don't attempt to walk to the person to be rescued1 but lie flat on your face and crawl out to him1 thus so much less weight bears on the ice at one point than walking4 ,remember1 if you break through the ice yourself1 that if you try to crawl on the broken ice it will break again with you2 better support yourself on edge of ice and await rescue4 ,gas and ,sewer ,gas ,never go to sleep in a room where the gas is burning low4 ,as gas may escape into the room1 very big fires burning in sleeping rooms are dangerous1 especially in charcoal stoves4 ,in underground sewers and wells dangerous gases are found2 if a lighted candle will not burn in such a place it is certain the air will be dangerous for any one entering it4 ,in rescuing a person from a place filled with gas1 take a few deep breaths before entering1 carry him quickly out without breathing yourself4 ,gas will not be found near the floor of a building1 so you may be able to crawl out where it would be dangerous to walk4 ,treating and ,bandaging the ,injured ,a fracture is the same thing as a broken bone4 ,when the bone pierces through the skin it is called a compound fracture4 ,when it does not1 a simple fracture4 ,if you have to deal with a broken leg or arm1 and can't get a doctor at once1 make the patient lie down4 ,place the leg in the same position as sound one1 and hold it in splints made of anything that is stiff and rigid like a flat board 7that is better than a round pole7 or a limb broken from a tree4 ,shingles make excellent splints4 ,in applying splints1 they should extend beyond the next joint above and the next joint below the broken point4 ,otherwise the movement of the joint will cause the broken part to move4 ,with a broken thigh1 the splint should be very long1 extending from armpit to below the feet2 a short splint just below the knee will do for the inner splint4 ,splints may be tied on with handkerchiefs2 tie firmly1 but not so tight as to cause severe pain4 ,in a fractured thigh it is well to bind the broken leg to the sound one by two or three pieces of cloth around both4 ,the clothing around the leg makes a padding for the splints unless it is thin summer clothing1 in which case straw and leaves should be put between the splint and the leg or arm4 ,fractures of the leg and arm are treated the same way1 with splints on inner and outer sides of broken bone4 ,a sling will be required with fractures of the arm2 this may be made with triangular bandage or triangular neck handkerchief or piece torn from your skirt or petticoat4 ,red ,cross outfits are very convenient for injuries4 ,compound ,fracture ,if the sharp edges of the broken bone pierce through the skin1 which often happens if splints are not well applied and the person moves1 the broken bone again pierces the skin4 ,if a wound is made by the broken bone1 then the wound must be treated first4 ,dressing ,wounds ,all wounds1 unless protected from germs1 are liable to become infected by matter or pus4 ,blood-poisoning or even death may result4 ,to prevent infection of wound1 a sterilized dressing should be applied2 this is a surgical dressing which has been treated so that it is free from germs and can be got at any druggist's or can be had in ,first ,aid outfits4 ,don't handle a wound with your hands1 because even though your hands appear perfectly clean1 they are not so2 neither is water free from germs1 so a wound should never be washed4 ,if you have no surgical dressing1 boil a folded towel fifteen minutes2 don't touch the inner surface4 ,apply inner surface of the towel or a clean unused handkerchief to the wound4 ,how to ,stop ,bleeding ,keep a person quiet after severe bleeding from a wound as the bleeding may recommence1 and give no stimulants unless patient is very weak4 ,there are two kinds of blood--that which flows from arteries and the blood which flows from veins2 the latter is of a dark color and flows in a steady stream and goes back to the heart4 ,a pad firmly tied on such a wound usually stops the bleeding4 ,don't be afraid of leaving a wound exposed to air4 ,when wounds bleed use ,red ,cross outfit as directed on slip contained in outfit4 ,if an artery is cut a person may bleed to death in a few minutes4 ,girls should know that the blood from a cut artery is bright red and flows in spirts and jets4 ,there are arteries in the throat4 ,the artery in the upper arm is about in a line with the inner seam of the sleeve of your coat4 ,the artery in the leg runs down from the center line from the point of the hip in the middle of the crotch in a line with the inseam of trousers4 ,pressure should be applied by putting your fingers three inches above the crotch and holding it pressed against the bone4 ,you can feel the artery beating under your fingers1 but don't put your finger in the wound as it may infect the latter4 ,while you hold the artery some one else should make a tourniquet easily improvised4 ,how to ,make a ,tourniquet ,tie a handkerchief loosely around the limb and place a cork or a smooth stone1 just above your fingers on the artery4 ,when this is placed1 put a stick about a foot long under the handkerchief at the outer side of the limb and twist the stick so that the handkerchief gets tight enough to keep the stone or cork pressing on the artery just as your fingers did at first4 ,tie the stick in position so it will not slip4 ,remember that cutting off the circulation for too long is dangerous2 don't leave the tourniquet more than an hour4 ,loosen it and be ready to tighten it quickly if the bleeding recommences4 ,another method to stay bleeding from an artery when the injury is below the knee or elbow is to place a pad in the bend and tie the arm or leg bent with the pad tight in the angle of the joint4 ,if an artery is cut at the throat1 hold tightly together the wound to stop the bleeding or the person may die instantly from loss of blood4 ,the best stimulant in cases where the patient is very weak is aromatic spirits of ammonia4 ,one teaspoonful in a half-glass of water4 ,ivy ,poisoning ,avoid poison oak or ivy4 ,if poisoned use carbolized vaseline or baking-soda and water made into a thick paste4 ,apply alcohol first4 ,to ,ease ,itching of ,midge-,bites ,for midge and sand-fly bites use listerine and ,eucalyptus--equal quantities--liquid carbonic soap--apply one drop on bite--or preparation sold by druggist4 ,frost-,bite ,to prevent frost-bite1 rub the body when exposed to cold with too little clothing on1 because rubbing brings blood to the surface4 ,when the part that was cold suddenly has no feeling1 then to restore warmth rub it first with snow or cold water1 then gradually with warm water2 if hot water is applied at first it may cause mortification in the frozen part4 ,runaway ,horses ,don't try to check a run-away horse by standing in front and waving your arms4 ,the horse only dodges you and runs faster4 ,electric ,shock ,artificial ,respiration should always be promptly given in cases of electric shock4 ,the rescuer must not touch the body of a person touching a live wire or a third rail unless his own body is thoroughly insulated4 ,he must act quickly4 ,he should1 if possible1 insulate himself by covering his hands with a rubber coat1 rubber sheeting or even several thicknesses of dry cloth4 ,silk is a good non-conductor4 ,in addition he should complete his insulation by standing on a dry board1 or a thick piece of dry paper or on a dry coat4 ,rubber gloves or boots are safer1 but they cannot usually be immediately available4 ,if a live wire is under a patient and the ground is dry it will be perfectly safe to stand upon it and pull him off with the bare hands4 ,but they should touch only his clothing and this must not be wet4 ,a live wire on a patient may with safety be flipped off with a dry board or stick4 ,a live wire may be safely cut by an axe or hatchet with a dry wooden handle and the electric current may be short circuited by dropping a crowbar or a poker on the wire4 ,they should be dropped on the side from which the current is coming and not on the further side as the latter will not short circuit the current before it has passed through the patient's body4 ,drop the metal bar1 do not place it on the wire or you will then be made a part of the short circuit and receive the current of electricity through your body4 ,from ,american ,red ,cross ,text ,book on ,elementary ,hygiene and ,home ,care of the ,sick4 ,part ,,vi ,,patriotism ,history of the ,flag ,on ,july #d1 #aggf1 the ,declaration of ,independence was signed4 ,by this the united colonies dissolved all the ties that bound them to ,england and became an independent nation1 the ,united ,states4 ,it was immediately necessary to adopt a new flag1 as the new nation would not use the union jack4 ,congress appointed a committee1 consisting of ,george ,washington1 ,robert ,morris1 and ,colonel ,ross1 to design a flag4 ,they got ,mrs4 ,betsey ,ross1 who kept an upholstery shop at #bci ,arch ,street1 ,philadelphia1 to help plan and to make the new flag4 ,they kept the thirteen stripes of the colonies' flag1 and replaced the union jack by a blue field bearing thirteen stars1 arranged in a circle4 ,on ,june #ad1 #aggg1 ,congress passed the resolution adopting this flag4 ,resolved3 ,that the flag of the thirteen ,united ,states be thirteen stripes1 alternate red and white3 that the ,union be thirteen stars1 white on a blue field1 representing a new constellation4 ,george ,washington said3 ,we take the star from ,heaven1 the red from our mother country1 separating it by white stripes1 thus showing that we have separated from her1 and the white stripes shall go down to posterity representing liberty4 ,this new flag was first carried into battle at ,port ,stanwix1 in ,august1 #aggg4 ,at first when new ,states came into the ,union1 a new stripe and a new star were added to the flag1 but it was soon evident that the added stripes would make it very unwieldy4 ,so on ,april #d1 #ahah1 ,congress passed this act1 to establish the flag of the ,united ,states4 ,,sec4 #a4 ,be it enacted1 etc4 ,that from and after the fourth day of ,july next1 the flag of the ,united ,states be thirteen horizontal stripes1 alternate red and white2 that the ,union have twenty stars1 white in a blue field4 ,,sec4 #b4 ,be it further enacted1 that1 on the admission of every new ,state into the ,union1 one star be added to the ,union of the flag2 and that such addition shall take effect on the fourth day of ,july succeeding such admission4 ,in our flag today the thirteen stripes symbolize the thirteen original ,states1 and the blue field bears forty-eight stars1 one for each ,state in the ,union4 ,the five-pointed star is used1 it is said1 at ,betsey ,ross's suggestion4 ,this five-pointed star is the seal of ,king ,solomon1 and the sign of infinity4 ,even the colors of the flag mean something3 red stands for valor1 blue for justice1 and white for purity4 ,the whole flag stands for freedom1 liberty1 and justice4 ,respect ,due the ,flag #a4 ,the flag should not be hoisted before sunrise nor allowed to remain up after sunset4 #b4 ,at retreat1 sunset1 civilian spectators should stand at attention and give the military salute4 #c4 ,when the national colors are passing on parade or review the spectators should1 if walking1 halt1 and if sitting1 rise and stand at attention and uncover4 #d4 ,when the flag is flown at half-mast as a sign of mourning it should be hoisted to full staff at the conclusion of the funeral4 ,in placing the flag at half-mast1 it should first be hoisted to the top of the staff and then be lowered to position4 ,preliminary to lowering from half-mast it should first be raised to top4 #e4 ,on ,memorial ,day1 ,may #cjth1 the flag should fly at half-mast from sunrise till noon1 and at full mast from noon to sunset4 ,the flag at half-mast is a sign of mourning4 ,the flag flown upside down is a signal of distress4 ,america ,the first home of social and religious freedom in ,america was in the ,colony of ,maryland4 ,when all the other colonies were persecuting every one that did not believe in their own peculiar religious doctrine and making the most invidious social distinctions1 ,maryland--the ,ever ,faithful--was a haven of refuge for all4 ,situated in a middle place among the colonies1 her doctrines gradually spread till today the proud boast of ,america is that she is the home of the free4 ,had the sentiments of ,massachusetts prevailed1 we would have had today a most bigoted form of religious government4 ,had ,john ,locke's ,carolina laws lasted1 we would have been under a grinding oligarchy4 ,georgia under ,oglethorpe's wise management joined hands with ,calvert in ,maryland1 and the result of their joint efforts for the betterment of mankind is the grand ,republic of the ,united ,states of today4 ,adams and ,washington1 ,franklin and ,lincoln are names which shine out from the pages of history today1 and back of each was a good and honored mother4 ,these were patriots--not politicians or place hunters4 ,throughout our history the emergency seems always to have found the man4 ,and they have been prepared by our great women4 ,for even if a man has not a wife it is seldom that any great thing is done that is not helped on by a woman4 ,girls1 know your places4 ,they are no mean positions that you are destined to hold4 ,the pages of the history of the future may hold your names in a high and honored place4 ,do well your part today4 ,the work of today is the history of tomorrow1 and we are its makers4 ,so let us strive to show just as grand names on the pages yet unwritten as are inscribed on those that we have for our proud inheritance4 ,it is not necessary that every ,scout should be proficient in all things suggested for practice4 ,all should be able to drill and know the signs--secret and open--for the use of the organization4 ,they should practice the precepts laid down for their guidance and be above all things the little friend to all that makes such a distinctive feature in the work and training of every day's meeting of ,scouts4 ,consider it a paramount duty to attend all meetings and get the most out of the opportunities offered you in the ,american ,band of ,girl ,scouts4 ,make your duties amusements and your amusements duties4 ,so will you find that you daily increase in usefulness and your pleasure in life will grow broader4 ,in union there is strength4 ,the ,union of ,scouts is to be a strong union for the good of our nation in the future and an ever-increasing bond for success to ourselves and aid to others4 ,the ,star-,spangled ,banner ,o say1 can you see1 by the dawn's early light1 ,what so proudly we hail'd at the twilight's last gleaming8 ,whose broad stripes and bright stars1 thro' the perilous fight1 ,o'er the ramparts we watched were so gallantly streaming2 ,and the rocket's red glare1 the bombs bursting in air1 ,gave proof thro' the night that our flag was still there6 ,o say1 does that star-spangled banner yet wave ,o'er the land of the free and the home of the brave8 ,on the shore1 dimly seen thro' the mists of the deep1 ,where the foe's haughty host in dread silence reposes1 ,what is that which the breeze1 o'er the towering steep1 ,as it fitfully blows1 half conceals1 half discloses8 ,now it catches the gleam of the morning's first beam1 ,in full glory reflected1 now shines on the stream-- ',tis the star-spangled banner4 ,o long may it wave ,o'er the land of the free and the home of the brave6 ,and where is that band who so vauntingly swore1 ',mid the havoc of war and the battle's confusion1 ,a home and a country they'd leave us no more8 ,their blood has washed out their foul footsteps' pollution4 ,no refuge could save the hireling and slave ,from the terror of flight1 or the gloom of the grave-- ,and the star-spangled banner in triumph shall wave1 ,o'er the land of the free and the home of the brave4 ,o thus be it ever when freemen shall stand ,between their loved homes and foul war's desolation1 ,blest with vict'ry and peace1 may the heav'n-rescued land ,praise the ,power that hath made and preserved us a nation4 ,then conquer we must1 when our cause it is just1 ,and this be our motto1 ,in ,god is our trust-- ,and the star-spangled banner in triumph shall wave1 ,while the land of the free is the home of the brave4 ,,francis ,,scott ,,key4 ,america ,my country1 'tis of thee1 ,sweet land of liberty1 ,of thee ,i sing2 ,land where my fathers died1 ,land of the ,pilgrims' pride1 ,from every mountain side ,let freedom ring4 ,my native country1 thee1 ,land of the noble free1 ,thy name ,i love2 ,i love thy rocks and rills1 ,thy woods and templed hills2 ,my heart with rapture thrills ,like that above4 ,let music swell the breeze1 ,and ring from all the trees ,sweet freedom's song2 ,let mortal tongues awake1 ,let all that breathe partake1 ,let rocks their silence break1 ,the sound prolong6 ,our father's ,god1 to ,thee1 ,author of liberty1 ,to ,thee we sing3 ,long may our land be bright ,with freedom's holy light2 ,protect us by ,thy might1 ,great ,god1 our ,king4 ,,samuel ,f4 ,,smith1 #ahcb4 ,allegiance to the ,flag ,i pledge allegiance to the flag1 and to the republic for which it stands2 one nation indivisible1 with liberty and justice for all4 ,girl ,scout ,salute to the ,flag ,a salute to the ,flag should be the first number on the program of every meeting4 ,use the ,scout full salute4 ,the salute may be accompanied by the words of the pledge4 ,let the hand reach the forehead on the word allegiance1 pointing1 palm outward1 to the flag and recite the remaining words with hand still pointing to flag4 ,,reading ,,list ,,books ,,on ,,merit ,,badge ,,subjects ,,ambulance3 ,emergencies4 ,gulick1 ,c4 ,e4 ,firebrands4 ,martin1 ,f4 ,e4 ,home ,nursing4 ,harrison1 ,e4 ,sure ,pop and the ,safety ,scouts4 ,bailey1 ,r4 ,r4 ,,astronomy3 ,story of the ,heavens4 ,ball1 ,roberts4 ,heavens with an ,opera ,glass4 ,serviss1 ,garrett4 ,the ,friendly ,stars4 ,martin1 ,m4 ,e4 ,ways of the ,planets4 ,martin1 ,m4 ,e4 ,easy ,guide to the ,constellations4 ,gall1 ,james4 ,sun ,lore of ,all ,ages4 ,olcott1 ,w4 ,t4 ,,art3 ,composition4 ,dow4 ,how to ,judge a ,picture4 ,van ,dyke4 ,,arts ,,and ,,crafts3 ,art ,crafting in ,metals for ,amateurs4 ,chandler4 ,art ,crafts for ,beginners4 ,sanford1 ,f4 ,e4 ,dan ,beard's ,books4 ,,birds3 7see also ,,naturalist47 ,birds of ,village and ,field4 ,merriam1 ,florence ,a4 ,birds and ,bees4 ,burroughs1 ,john4 ,squirrels and ,other ,fur ,bearers4 ,burroughs1 ,john4 ,sharp ,eyes4 ,gibson1 ,wm4 ,h4 ,chapman's ,books on ,birds--,according to ,locality4 ,bird ,guide4 ,reed1 ,chester ,a4 ,bird ,craft4 ,wright1 ,m4 ,a4 ,how to ,attract the ,birds4 ,trafton1 ,g4 ,,boatswain3 ,boys' ,outdoor ,vacation ,book4 ,verrill1 ,a4 ,h4 ,harper's ,boating ,book for ,boys4 ,verrill1 ,a4 ,h4 ,,child ,,nurse3 ,baby ,clothing4 ,hitching1 ,w4 ,care and ,feeding of ,children4 ,holt1 ,l4 ,e4 ,care and ,training of ,children4 ,kerr1 ,l4 ,care of ,milk and ,its ,use in the ,home4 ,u4 ,s4 ,dept4 of ,agriculture4 ,,clerk3 ,goodwin's ,improved ,bookkeeping and ,business ,manual4 ,goodwin1 ,j4 ,h4 ,handbook of ,style4 7,punctuation47 ,houghton1 ,mifflin4 ,modern ,business ,arithmetic4 ,curtis1 ,u4 ,new ,practical ,typewriting4 ,,cook1 ,,invalid ,,cooking3 ,boston ,cooking-,school ,cook ,book4 ,fanner1 ,f4 ,a4 ,food for the ,invalid and the ,convalescent4 ,gibbs1 ,w4 ,s4 ,mary ,frances ,cook ,book4 ,fryer1 ,j4 ,e4 ,when ,mother ,lets ,us ,cook4 ,johnson1 ,c4 ,,dairy ,,maid3 ,dairy ,chemistry4 ,snyder1 ,h4 ,milk and ,its ,products4 ,wing1 ,h4 ,h4 ,official ,travelers' ,babcock ,test4 ,creamery ,package ,manufacturing ,co41 ,chicago4 ,,electrician3 ,a4 ,b4 ,c4 of ,electricity4 ,meadowcroft1 ,w4 ,h4 ,boy ,electrician4 ,morgan1 ,a4 ,p4 ,electricity for ,young ,people4 ,jenks1 ,t4 ,harper's ,beginning ,electricity4 ,shafer1 ,d4 ,c4 ,harper's ,electricity ,book for ,boys4 ,adams1 ,j4 ,h4 ,,farmer3 ,bees4 7,farmers' ,bulletin #ddg47 ,u4 ,s4 ,dept4 of ,agr4 ,how to ,keep ,bees4 ,comstock1 ,a4 ,b4 ,hints to ,poultry ,raisers4 7,farmers' ,bulletin #ebh47 ,u4 ,s4 ,dept4 of ,agr4 ,incubation and ,incubators4 7,farmers' ,bulletin #bcf47 ,u4 ,s4 ,dept4 of ,agr4 ,pig ,management4 7,farmers' ,bulletin #bje47 ,u4 ,s4 ,dept4 of ,agr4 ,poultry ,management4 7,farmers' ,bulletin #bhg47 ,u4 ,s4 ,dept4 of ,agr4 ,first ,book of ,birds4 ,miller4 ,second ,book of ,birds4 ,miller4 ,our ,home ,pets4 ,miller4 ,the ,garden ,book for ,young ,people4 ,lounsberry4 ,bird ,stories from ,burroughs4 ,butterflies and ,bees4 ,morley4 ,insect ,stories4 ,kellog4 ,the ,scout ,garden4 ,bennet1 ,f4 ,h4 ,,gardens3 ,children's ,gardens for ,pleasure1 ,health and ,education4 ,parsons1 ,h4 ,g4 ,garden ,primer4 ,tabor1 ,g4 ,harper's ,book for ,young ,gardeners4 ,verrill1 ,a4 ,h4 ,school ,garden ,book4 ,weed1 ,clarence4 ,when ,mother ,lets ,us ,garden4 ,duncan1 ,f4 ,first ,book of ,birds4 ,miller1 ,o4 ,t4 ,second ,book of ,birds4 ,miller1 ,o4 ,t4 ,our ,home ,pets4 ,miller1 ,o4 ,t4 ,little ,gardens for ,boys and ,girls4 ,higgins1 ,m4 ,the ,garden ,book for ,young ,people4 ,lounsberry4 ,bird ,stories4 ,burroughs4 ,butterflies and ,bees4 ,morley4 ,insect ,stories4 ,kellog4 ,the ,scout ,garden4 ,bennet1 ,f4 ,h4 ,,health3 ,body at ,work4 ,jewett1 ,f3 ,g4 ,good ,health4 ,jewett1 ,f4 ,g4 ,personal ,hygiene4 ,pyle4 ,handbook ,girls' ,branch of ,public ,school ,athletic ,league4 ,burchenal4 ,the ,human ,mechanism4 ,hough ,sedgwick4 ,,housekeeper3 ,good ,housekeeping ,magazine4 ,gilman1 ,e4 ,h4 ,housekeeping4 7,children's ,library of ,work and ,play47 ,gilman1 ,e4 ,h4 ,how to ,live on a ,small ,income4 ,hewitt1 ,e4 ,c4 ,manual of ,household ,work and ,management4 ,butterworth4 ,mary ,frances1 ,housekeeper4 ,fryer1 ,j4 ,e4 ,,laundress3 ,laundry ,manual4 ,balderston1 ,l4 ,r4 ,housekeeping4 7,children's ,library of ,work and ,play47 ,gilman1 ,e4 ,h4 ,,musical3 ,dictionary of ,music and ,musicians4 ,gove1 ,g4 ,operas that ,every ,child ,should ,know4 ,bacon1 ,m4 ,s4 ,stories from the ,operas4 ,davidson4 ,story of ,music and ,musicians4 ,millie1 ,l4 ,c4 ,young ,people's ,story of ,music4 ,whitcomb1 ,i4 ,p4 ,intervals1 ,theory1 ,chords1 and ,ear ,training4 ,brown1 ,j4 ,p4 ,,naturalist3 ,bird-,life4 ,chapman1 ,f4 ,m4 ,bird ,neighbors4 ,blanchan1 ,n4 ,flower ,guide4 ,reed1 ,c4 ,a4 ,handbook of ,birds of ,eastern ,north ,america4 ,chapman1 ,f4 ,m4 ,how to ,attract the ,birds4 ,blanchan1 ,n4 ,how to ,know the ,wild ,flowers4 ,parsons1 ,f4 ,t4 ,land ,birds4 ,reed1 ,c4 ,a4 ,nature ,library4 ,doubleday4 ,standard ,library of ,natural ,history4 ,university ,society4 ,wild ,flowers ,every ,child ,should ,know4 ,stack1 ,f4 ,w4 ,the ,american ,flower ,garden4 ,blanchan1 ,neltye4 ,how to ,know the ,wild ,flowers4 ,mrs4 ,w4 ,m4 ,s4 ,dana4 ,how to ,know the ,ferns4 ,parsons1 ,frances ,t4 ,primer of ,forestry4 ,pinchot1 ,gifford4 ,our ,native ,trees4 ,keeler1 ,harriet ,l4 ,ways of ,wood ,fowls4 ,long1 ,wm4 ,d4 ,secrets of the ,woods4 ,long1 ,wm4 ,d4 ,lives of the ,hunted4 ,seton-,thompson1 ,ernest4 ,wild ,animals ,i ,have ,known4 ,seton-,thompson1 ,ernest4 ,jungle ,books4 ,kipling1 ,rudyard4 ,our ,national ,parks4 ,muir1 ,john4 ,earth and ,its ,story4 ,hulprin1 ,angels4 ,naturalist4 ,trafton4 ,,needlewoman3 ,easy ,steps in ,sewing4 ,fryer1 ,j4 ,e4 ,home ,art ,crochet ,book4 ,klickmann1 ,f4 ,magic of ,dress4 ,gould4 ,needlecraft4 7,children's ,library of ,work and ,play47 ,archer1 ,e4 ,a4 ,sewing for ,little ,girls4 ,foster1 ,o4 ,h4 ,three ,hundred ,things a ,bright ,girl ,can ,do4 ,kelley1 ,l4 ,e4 ,when ,mother ,lets ,us ,sew4 ,johnson1 ,c4 ,,pioneer3 ,boy's ,camp ,book4 ,cave1 ,e4 ,boy ,scout's ,hike ,book4 ,cave1 ,e4 ,camp ,cookery4 ,kephart1 ,h4 ,on the ,trail4 ,beard1 ,l4 ,,signalling3 ,official ,handbook for ,girls4 ,,swimmer3 ,swimming4 ,brewster4 ,,telegraphist3 ,official ,handbook for ,boys4 ,boy ,scouts of ,america4 ,,general ,,reading ,,famous ,,women3 ,when ,i ,was a ,girl in ,italy4 ,ambrosi1 ,m4 ,promised ,land4 ,antin1 ,m4 ,lives of ,girls ,who ,became ,famous4 ,bolton1 ,s4 ,k4 ,joan of ,arc4 de ,monvel1 ,b4 ,girls' ,book of ,famous ,queens4 ,farmer1 ,l4 ,h4 ,life of ,mary ,lyon4 ,gilchrist1 ,b4 ,b4 ,autobiography of a ,tomboy4 ,gilder1 ,j4 ,l4 ,historic ,girlhoods4 ,holland1 ,r4 ,s4 ,group of ,famous ,women4 ,horton1 ,e4 ,story of ,my ,life4 ,keller1 ,h4 ,new ,england ,girlhood4 ,larcom1 ,l4 ,heroines that ,every ,child ,should ,know4 ,mabie1 ,h4 ,w4 ,louise1 ,queen of ,prussia4 ,merz1 ,h4 ,louisa ,may ,alcott4 ,moses1 ,b4 ,life of ,alice ,freeman ,palmer4 ,palmer1 ,g4 ,h4 ,florence ,nightingale4 ,richards1 ,l4 ,e4 ,when ,i ,was ,your ,age4 ,richards1 ,l4 ,e4 ,wonder ,workers4 ,wade1 ,m4 ,h4 ,jeanne ,d',arc4 ,wilmot-,buxton4 ,queens of ,england4 ,strickland4 ,,fairy ,,tales ,,and ,,folk ,,lore3 ,arabian ,nights4 ,fairy ,tales4 ,andersen1 ,h4 ,c4 ,granny's ,wonderful ,chair4 ,browne1 ,f4 ,alice's ,adventures in ,wonderland4 ,carroll1 ,l4 ,fairy ,tales4 ,grimm ,bros4 ,uncle ,remus1 ,his ,songs and ,sayings4 ,harris4 ,celtic ,fairy ,tales4 ,jacobs1 ,j4 ,blue ,fairy ,book4 ,lang1 ,a4 ,pinocchio4 ,lorenzini1 ,c4 ,children's ,book4 ,scudder1 ,h4 ,e4 ,,history ,,of ,,literature3 ,history of the ,english ,language4 ,lounsbury1 ,t4 ,p4 ,english ,literature for ,boys and ,girls4 ,marshall1 ,h4 ,e4 ,introduction to ,american ,literature4 ,pancoast1 ,h4 ,s4 ,,poetry3 ,songs of ,innocence4 ,blake1 ,wm4 ,golden ,staircase4 ,chisholm1 ,l4 ,poems of ,childhood4 ,field1 ,e4 ,lyra ,heroica4 ,henley1 ,w4 ,boy's ,percy4 ,lanier1 ,s4 ,nonsense ,books4 ,lear1 ,e4 ,story ,telling ,poems4 ,olcott1 ,f4 ,j4 ,golden ,treasury4 ,palgrave1 ,f4 ,t4 ,book of ,famous ,verse4 ,repplier1 ,a4 ,child's ,garden of ,verse4 ,stevenson1 ,r4 ,l4 ,golden ,numbers4 ,wiggin1 ,k4 ,d4 ,pinafore ,palace4 ,wiggin1 ,k4 ,d4 ,posy ,ring4 ,wiggin1 ,k4 ,d4 ,lays of ,ancient ,rome4 ,macaulay4 ,longfellow's ,poems4 ,longfellow4 ,lady of the ,lake4 ,scott4 ,idylls of the ,king4 ,tennyson4 ,robin ,hood ,ballads4 ,parker4 ,rosemary and ,rue4 ,gordon4 ,,stories3 ,lisbeth ,longfrock4 ,aanrud1 ,a4 ,little ,men4 ,alcott1 ,l4 ,m4 ,little ,women4 ,alcott1 ,l4 ,m4 ,under the ,lilacs4 ,alcott1 ,l4 ,m4 ,marjorie ,daw4 ,aldrich1 ,t4 ,b4 ,pride and ,prejudice4 ,austen1 ,j4 ,little ,minister4 ,barrie1 ,j4 ,m4 ,lorna ,doone4 ,blackmore1 ,r4 ,d4 ,jane ,eyre4 ,bront1 ,c4 ,m4 ,last ,days of ,pompeii4 ,lytton1 ,bulwer4 ,girlhood of ,shakespeare's ,heroines4 ,clarke1 ,m4 ,c4 ,friend of ,csar4 ,davis1 ,w4 ,s4 ,egyptian ,princess4 ,ebers1 ,g4 ,m4 ,silas ,marner4 ,eliot1 ,g4 ,ramona4 ,jackson1 ,h4 ,h4 ,hypatia4 ,kingsley1 ,c4 ,mr4 ,achilles4 ,lee1 ,j4 ,scottish ,chiefs4 ,porter1 ,j4 ,cloister and the ,hearth4 ,reade1 ,c4 ,daisy ,chain4 ,yonge1 ,c4 ,m4 ,peter and ,wendy4 ,barrie1 ,j4 ,m4 ,four ,gondons4 ,brown1 ,e4 ,a4 ,peep-in-the-,world4 ,crichton1 ,f4 ,hans ,brinker4 ,dodge1 ,m4 ,m4 ,lass of the ,silver ,sword4 ,dubois1 ,m4 ,c4 ,mary's ,meadow4 ,ewing1 ,j4 ,h4 ,peterkin ,papers4 ,hale1 ,l4 ,p4 ,york and a ,lancaster ,rose4 ,keary4 ,bimbi4 ,rame4 ,queen ,hildegarde4 ,richards1 ,l4 ,e4 ,castle ,blair4 ,shaw1 ,f4 ,e4 ,heidi4 ,spyri1 ,j4 ,mother ,carey's ,chickens4 ,wiggin1 ,k4 ,d4 ,david ,copperfield4 ,dickens4 ,a ,tale of ,two ,cities4 ,dickens4 ,the ,talisman4 ,sir ,walter ,scott4 ,little ,lord ,fauntleroy4 ,burnett4 ,sarah ,crewe4 ,burnett4 ,six ,girls4 ,irving1 ,f4 ,b4 ,john ,halifax1 ,gentleman4 ,craik1 ,d4 ,m4 ,last of the ,mohicans4 ,cooper4 ,pathfinder4 ,cooper4 ,deerslayer4 ,cooper4 ,otto of ,silver ,hand4 ,pyle4 ,merry ,adventures of ,rab4 ,brown4 ,treasure ,island4 ,stevenson4 ,black ,arrow4 ,stevenson4 ,jackanapes4 ,ewing4 ,nelly's ,silver ,mine1 ,jackson4 ,robinson ,crusoe4 ,de ,foe4 ,rab and ,his ,friends4 ,brown4 ,bob1 ,son of ,battle4 ,ollivant4 ,the ,call of the ,wild4 ,london4 ,master ,skylark4 ,bennett4 ,the ,prince and the ,pauper4 ,twain4 ,harold1 the ,last of the ,saxon ,kings4 ,bulwer-,lytton4 ,the ,white ,company4 ,doyle1 ,conan ,wonderful ,adventures of ,nils4 ,lagerlf4 ,tales of ,laughter4 ,smith4 ,richard ,carvel4 ,churchill4 ,hugh ,wynne4 ,mitchell4 ,quentin ,durward4 ,scott4 ,ben ,hur4 ,wallace4 ,holiday ,house4 ,sinclair4 ,alice in ,wonderland4 ,carroll4 ,just ,so ,stories4 ,kipling4 ,eight ,cousins4 ,alcott4 ,juan and ,juanita4 ,baylor4 ,black ,beauty4 ,sewell4 ,birds' ,christmas ,carol4 ,wiggin4 ,story of ,siegfried4 ,baldwin4 ,swiss ,family ,robinson4 ,wyss4 ,six to ,sixteen4 ,ewing4 ,man ,without a ,country4 ,hale4 ,tom ,brown's ,school ,days4 ,hughes4 ,anne of ,green ,gables4 ,montgomery4 ,barnaby ,lee4 ,bennett4 ,judith ,shakespeare4 ,black4 ,colonel's ,opera ,cloak4 ,brush4 ,smith ,college ,stories4 ,daskam4 ,captains ,courageous4 ,kipling4 ,kidnapped4 ,stevenson4 ,rudder ,grange4 ,stockton4 ,a ,gentleman of ,france4 ,weyman4 ,new ,chronicles of ,rebecca4 ,wiggin4 ,polly ,oliver's ,problem4 ,wiggin4 ,dove in the ,eagle's ,nest4 ,yonge4 ,elizabeth and her ,german ,garden4 7,anonymous47 ,princess ,pricelta's ,fortnight4 ,arnim1 ,m4 ,a4 ,days of ,bruce4 ,aguilar4 ,tales of ,king ,arthur4 ,lang4 ,,books ,,of ,,reference ,,for ,,merit ,,badge ,,birds3 ,birds as ,weed ,destroyers4 ,pp4 #bba to #bcb4 ,illus4 7,from ,yearbook1 #ahih47 ,paper1 #e;c4 ,a #a4aj3acc4 ,birds that ,eat ,scale ,insects4 ,pp4 #ahi to #aih4 ,illus4 7,from ,yearbook1 #aijf47 ,paper1 #e;c4 ,a #a4aj3daf4 ,bookkeeping4 ,farm ,bookkeeping4 #aiab4 #cg pp4 ,illus4 7,farmers' ,bulletin #eaa47 ,paper1 #e;c4 ,a #a4i3eaa4 ,does it ,pay the ,farmer to ,protect ,birds8 ,pp4 #afe to #agh4 ,illus4 7,from ,yearbook1 #aijg47 ,paper1 #e;c4 ,a #a4aj3ddc4 ,economic ,value of ,predaceous ,birds and ,mammals4 ,pp4 #ahg to #aid4 ,illus4 7,from ,yearbook1 #aijh47 ,paper1 #e;c4 ,a #a4aj3dgd4 ,fifty ,common ,birds of ,farm and ,orchard4 #aiac4 #ca pp4 ,illus4 7,farmers' ,bulletin #eac47 ,paper1 #ae;c4 ,a #a4i3eac4 ,food of ,some ,well-,known ,birds of ,forest1 ,farm1 and ,garden4 #aiab4 #ce pp4 ,illus4 7,farmers' ,bulletin #ejf47 ,paper1 #e;c4 ,a #a4i3ejf4 ,how ,birds ,affect the ,orchard4 ,pp4 #bia to #cjd4 ,illus4 7,from ,yearbook1 #aijj47 ,paper1 #e;c4 ,a #a4aj3aig4 ,migratory ,movements of ,birds in ,relation to ,weather4 ,pp4 #cgi to #cij4 #a illus4 7,from ,yearbook1 #aiaj47 ,paper1 #e;c4 ,a #a4aj3ede4 ,relation of ,birds to ,fruit ,growing in ,california4 ,pp4 #bda to #bed4 7,from ,yearbook1 #aijd47 ,paper1 #e;c4 ,a #a4aj3cdd4 ,some ,common ,birds in their ,relation to ,agriculture4 ,revised1 #aijd4 #dh pp4 ,illus4 7,farmers' ,bulletin #ed47 ,paper1 #e;c4 ,a #a4i3ed4 ,some ,common ,game1 ,aquatic1 and ,rapacious ,birds in ,relation to ,man4 #aiab4 #cj pp4 ,illus4 7,farmers' ,bulletin #dig47 ,paper1 #e;c4 ,a #a4i3dig4 ,,health3 ,health and ,cleanliness--,o',shea and ,kellogg--pp4 #ed-abd4 ,,housekeeping3 ,butter4 ,butter-,making on the ,farm4 #aije4 #ca pp4 7,farmers' ,bulletin #bda47 ,paper1 #e;c4 ,a #a4i3bda4 ,canning ,vegetables in the ,home4 #aiji4 #af pp4 ,illus4 7,farmers' ,bulletin #cei47 ,paper1 #e;c4 ,a #a4i3cei4 ,school ,lessons on ,corn4 #aiaj4 #bi pp4 ,illus4 7,farmers' ,bulletin #dji47 ,paper1 #e;c4 ,a #a4i3dji4 ,the ,home and ,family--,kinne and ,cooley--pp4 #if-acg4 ,handbook of ,domestic ,science and ,household ,arts--,wilson--pp4 #bgc-bgf and #ee-eh4 ,,farm ,,houses3 ,modern ,conveniences for the ,farm ,home4 #aijf4 #dh pp4 ,illus4 7,farmers' ,bulletin #bgj47 ,paper1 #e;c4 ,a #a4i3bgj4 ,,farmers' ,,bulletins3 #cd4 ,meats1 ,composition and ,cooking4 ,paper1 #e;c4 #aca4 ,household ,tests for the ,detection of ,oleomargarine and ,renovated ,butter4 ,paper1 #e;c4 #aed4 ,home ,fruit ,garden1 ,preparation and ,care4 ,paper1 #e;c4 #aff4 ,cheese-,making on the ,farm4 ,paper1 #e;c4 #ahj4 ,game ,laws for #aijc4 ,paper1 #e;c4 #ahe4 ,beautifying the ,home ,grounds4 ,paper1 #e;c4 #ahh4 ,weeds ,used in ,medicine4 ,paper1 #e;c4 #aie4 ,annual ,flowering ,plants4 ,paper1 #e;c4 #aig4 ,importation of ,game ,birds and ,eggs for ,propagation4 ,paper1 #e;c4 #bah4 ,school ,garden4 #b;d revised edition4 ,paper1 #e;c4 #bcd4 ,guinea ,fowl and its ,use as ,food4 ,paper1 #e;c4 #cea4 ,tuberculin ,test of ,cattle for ,tuberculosis4 ,paper1 #e;c4 #cge4 ,care of ,food in ,home1 corrected to ,mar4 #be1 #aiaj4 ,paper1 #e;c4 #dji4 ,school ,lessons on ,corn4 ,paper1 #e;c4 #dei4 ,house ,flies4 ,paper1 #e;c4 #dfh4 ,forestry in ,nature ,study4 ,paper1 #e;c4 #dgh4 ,how to ,prevent ,typhoid ,fever4 ,paper1 #e;c4 #ejf4 ,food of ,some ,well-,known ,birds of ,forest1 ,farm1 and ,garden4 ,paper1 #e;c4 #eaa4 ,farm ,bookkeeping4 ,paper1 #e;c4 #eac4 ,fifty ,common ,birds of ,farm and ,orchard4 ,paper1 #ae;c4 #ebe4 ,raising ,guinea ,pigs4 ,paper1 #e;c4 ,,farms3 ,figs4 ,smyrna ,fig ,culture in ,united ,states4 ,pp4 #gi to #ajf4 ,illus4 7,from ,yearbook1 #aijj47 ,paper1 #e;c4 ,a #a4aj3aif4 ,,forest ,,fires3 ,attitude of ,lumbermen toward ,forest ,fires4 ,pp4 #acc to #adj4 ,illus4 7,from ,yearbook1 #aijd47 ,paper1 #e;c4 ,a #a4aj3ccg4 ,forestry in ,nature ,study 7with ,key to ,common ,kinds of ,trees74 #aiaa4 #dc pp4 ,illus4 7,farmers' ,bulletin #dfh47 ,paper1 #e;c4 ,a #a4i3dfh4 ,grosbeaks4 ,our ,grosbeaks and their ,value to ,agriculture4 #aiaa4 #ad pp4 ,illus4 7,farmers' ,bulletin #def47 ,paper1 #e;c4 ,a #a4i3def4 ,headache ,mixtures4 ,harmfulness of ,headache ,mixtures 7containing ,acetanilid1 ,antipyrin1 and ,phenacetin74 #aiji4 #af pp4 7,farmers' ,bulletin #cgg47 ,paper1 #e;c4 ,a #a4i3cgg4 ,,perfumery3 ,can ,perfumery ,farming ,succeed in ,united ,states8 ,pp4 #cgg to #cih4 ,illus4 7,from ,yearbook1 #ahih47 ,paper1 #e;c4 ,a #a4aj3ace4 ,,plants3 ,plants ,useful to ,attract ,birds and ,protect ,fruit4 ,pp4 #ahe to #aif4 7,from ,yearbook1 #aiji47 ,paper1 #e;c4 ,a #a4aj3ejd4 ,school ,exercises in ,plant ,production4 #aiaj4 #dh pp4 ,illus4 7,farmers' ,bulletin #djh47 ,paper1 #e;c4 ,a #a4i3djh4 ,,poisonous ,,plants3 ,some ,poisonous ,plants of ,northern ,stock ,ranges4 ,pp4 #cje to #cbd4 ,illus4 7,from ,yearbook1 #aijj47 ,paper1 #e;c4 ,a #a4aj3bjf4 ,school ,garden4 #b;d revised edition1 #aiji4 #da pp4 ,illus4 7,farmers' ,bulletin #bah47 ,paper1 #e;c4 ,yearbook4 7,separates47 #dad4 ,cage-,bird ,traffic of ,united ,states4 ,paper1 #aj;c4 #dhe4 ,manufacture of ,flavoring ,extracts4 ,paper4 #e;c4 ,farmers' ,bulletins 7,these ,bulletins can be obtained in ,washington ,agricultural ,department for five cents47 ,woman's ,edition of ,red ,cross ,abridged ,text-,book on ,first ,aid1 can be obtained for #ce cents from ,girl ,scout ,headquarters1 #ebg ,fifth ,avenue1 ,new ,york ,city4 ,elementary ,hygiene and ,home ,care of ,sick1 by ,jane ,delano4 ,,index ,accidents1 #fd1 #aca ,air1 #aba ,ambulance1 #ca ,archery1 #hb ,art1 #adb ,artificial respiration1 #abi ,artist1 #cb ,astronomy1 #hb1 #adb ,athletic feats1 #ee ,athletics1 #dh4 7,also see ,manual7 ,attendance1 #cc ,automobiling1 #cc ,aviation1 #cc ,babcock test1 #aai ,badge1 #bi ,badges1 merit1 #ca ,bandaging1 #aca ,bath1 #abb ,bathing1 precautions1 #fe ,bird ,study1 #cd1 #adb ,bleeding1 #acc ,boating1 #fd ,boatswain1 #cd1 #adb ,body1 #i ,books1 #ac1 #adf ,bronze cross1 #cj ,camping1 #eg ,camp oven1 #fc ,captain1 #bb ,career1 #ae1 #af ,carey1 ,arthur ,a41 #hf ,charades1 #ed ,child nurse1 #ce1 #abj1 #adb ,civics1 #cf ,cleaning1 #ajf1 #aaa1 #aae ,cleanliness1 #if ,clerk1 #ce1 #adc ,clothing1 #fg ,commands1 #gh4 7,also see ,manual7 ,commissioner1 #bj ,compass1 #gj1 #ga ,concentration1 #ah ,contents1 table of1 iii ,continental code1 #ge ,conventional signs1 #gb ,cook1 #cg1 #aji1 #aci ,council1 ,local1 #c ,council1 ,national1 #b ,crafts1 #adb ,dairy1 #ch1 #aaf1 #adc ,dampness1 #if ,day and ,night1 #eb ,dismissal1 #bh ,dodge ball1 #ec ,dressing wounds1 #acb ,drinking water1 #ig ,drowning1 #abf ,ears1 #ii ,economy1 #ac ,eggs1 #aaj ,electricity1 #ch1 #adc ,employment1 #ae ,endurance1 #ajb ,enrollment1 #bg ,equipment1 camp1 #ff ,executive committee1 #b ,exercise1 #ih1 #ajc ,eyes1 #ii1 #abd ,farmer1 #ci1 #adc ,fire1 #eh ,first-,class ,scout1 #bf ,flag1 #acf ,flag ,salute1 #ada ,fracture1 #acb ,frostbite1 #ace ,games1 #dh4 7,also see ,manual7 ,gardening1 #ci1 #ib1 #add ,gas1 #aca ,golden eaglet1 #cj ,grades1 #bj ,habits1 #ab ,hams1 curing1 #abj ,hand signals1 #gi ,hand-wrestling1 #ef ,headquarters1 #a1 #b ,health1 #dj1 #ih1 #add ,helpfulness1 #aa ,home life1 #ajf ,home nursing1 #da ,horsemanship1 #da ,housekeeping1 #ac1 #bc1 #aaf1 #aai and #add ,housewife1 #ajf ,hygiene1 personal1 #if4 7,see ,manual7 ,ice rescue1 #acj ,illness1 #aah ,influence of women1 #i ,insect bites1 #acd ,interpreter1 #db ,invalid cooking1 #cg ,investiture1 #bg ,ivy-poisoning1 #acj1 #acd ,kim's game1 #ec ,knots1 #fh ,laundress1 #dc ,laws1 #g ,leader1 #bc ,lieutenant1 #bc ,marksmanship1 #dc ,measurements1 #ajj ,meats1 cooking1 #aaj ,medals1 #cj ,membership1 #bj ,milk1 #aaf ,modesty1 a ,scout's1 #ab ,morgan's game1 #ed ,morse code1 #gg ,motto1 #f ,music1 #dc ,naturalist1 #da ,needlewoman1 #da ,needlework1 #ajg ,nose1 hygiene of1 #ih ,nosebleed1 #abd ,novelty competitions1 #di ,nurse1 #bd ,observation1 #ae ,officers1 #e ,orders1 camp1 #fe ,organizing1 #d ,orion1 #hd ,patch1 ,scout1 #ajg ,pathfinder1 #dd ,patriotism1 #ah1 #acf ,patronesses1 v ,photography1 #de ,physical development1 #aja 7,also see ,manual7 ,pioneer1 #de ,pledge to flag1 #ada ,promise1 ,scout's1 #f ,provisions for camp1 #fa ,pulse1 normal rate1 #abc ,reading1 #ac1 #adf ,reference books1 #adb 7,leaders1 also see ,manual7 ,respect to flag1 #ada ,routine1 camp1 #fc ,salute1 #c1 #ada ,sanitation1 #id ,scoutcraft1 #fh ,scribe1 #de ,sculptor1 #eb ,second-,class ,scout1 #be ,secretary1 #ba ,self-improvement1 #i ,shooting1 #ha ,signaling1 #ge ,signs1 #ge ,snakes1 #ei ,song of the ,fifty ,stars1 #hf ,songs1 #ada ,stars1 #hc ,star ,spangled ,banner1 #ada ,stories1 #adb1 #adc ,strength1 physical1 #ajb ,study1 #af4 7,leaders1 also see ,manual1 ,list of ,books7 ,sun clock1 #ij ,swimmer1 #df ,tag1 #ec ,team games1 #di ,teeth1 #ii ,telegraphy1 #dg ,tenderfoot1 #be ,tests1 #be ,thanks badge1 #bi ,thermometer1 #abc ,three ,deep1 #ea ,thrift1 #ad ,time by stars1 #hc ,tourniquet1 #acd ,treasurer1 #ba ,vanity1 #i ,vegetables1 #aae ,water1 drinking1 #eh1 #aag