99 99 99 99 99 ---------------------------------------- ------------------- ,transcriber's ,note3 ,inconsistent hyphenation in the original document has been preserved4 ,obvious typographical errors have been corrected4 ,for a complete list1 please see the end of this document4 ---------------------------------------- ------------------- 99 99 99 99 99 ,a ,man's ,value to ,society ,by ,,newell ,,dwight ,,hillis ,eighth ,edition ,,great ,,books ,,as ,,life-,,teachers ,,studies ,,of ,,character1 ,,real ,,and ,,ideal #abmo1 cloth1 gilt top1 #a4ej ,nineteenth ,edition ,,the ,,investment ,,of ,,influence ,a ,,study ,,of ,,social ,,sympathy ,,and ,,service #abmo1 vellum1 gilt top1 #a4be ,eighteenth ,edition ,a ,,man',s ,,value ,,to ,,society ,,studies ,,in ,,self-,,culture ,,and ,,character #abmo1 vellum1 gilt-top1 #a4be ,tenth ,edition ,,foretokens ,,of ,,immortality ,,studies ,,for ,,the ,,hour ,,when ,,the ,,immortal ,,hope ,,burns ,,low ,,in ,,the ,,heart ,long #afmo1 #ej cents2 art binding1 gilt top1 boxed1 #ge cents ,eighth ,edition ,,how ,,the ,,inner ,,light ,,failed ,a ,,study ,,of ,,the ,,atrophy ,,of ,,the ,,spiritual ,,sense ,quiet ,hour ,series1 #ahmo1 cloth1 #be cents ,,booklets ,,right ,,living ,,as ,a ,,fine ,,art ,a study of ,channing's ,symphony1 #abmo1 #ej cents4 ,,the ,,master ,,of ,,the ,,science ,,of ,,right ,,living #abmo1 #ej cents1 net4 ,,across ,,the ,,continent ,,of ,,the ,,years #afmo1 #be cents1 net4 ,a ,man's ,value to ,society ,studies in ,self-,culture and ,character ,newell ,dwight ,hillis ,author of ,the ,investment of ,influence1 ,foretokens of ,immortality1 etc4 ,spread wide thy mantle while the gods rain gold4 --,,from ,,the ,,persian4 ,,twenty-,,fifth ,,edition ,chicago ,new ,york ,toronto ,fleming ,h4 ,revell ,company ,,mcmii ,copyright1 #ahif1 by ,fleming ,h4 ,revell ,company ,copyright1 #ahig1 by ,fleming ,h4 ,revell ,company ,,to ,,my ,,wife ,,contents ,,chap4 ,,page ,i ,the ,elements of ,worth in the ,individual #i ,,ii ,character3 ,its ,materials and ,external ,teachers #cc ,,iii ,aspirations and ,ideals #ee ,,iv ,the ,physical ,basis of ,character #gg ,v ,the ,mind and the ,duty of ,right ,thinking #ii ,,vi ,the ,moral ,uses of ,memory #abc ,,vii ,the ,imagination as the ,architect of ,manhood #adc ,,viii ,the ,enthusiasm of ,friendship #afe ,,ix ,conscience and ,character #ahi ,x ,visions that ,disturb ,contentment #bac ,,xi ,the ,uses of ,books and ,reading #bce ,,xii ,the ,science of ,living with ,men #bei ,,xiii ,the ,revelators of ,character #bha ,,xiv ,making the ,most of ,one's ,self #cja ,,the ,,elements ,,of ,,worth ,,in ,,the ,,individual ,there is nothing that makes men rich and strong but that which they carry inside of them4 ,wealth is of the heart1 not of the hand4--,john ,milton4 ,until we know why the rose is sweet or the dew drop pure1 or the rainbow beautiful1 we cannot know why the poet is the best benefactor of society4 ,the soldier fights for his native land1 but the poet touches that land with the charm that makes it worth fighting for and fires the warrior's heart with energy invincible4 ,the statesman enlarges and orders liberty in the state1 but the poet fosters the core of liberty in the heart of the citizen4 ,the inventor multiplies the facilities of life1 but the poet makes life better worth living4--,george ,wm4 ,curtis4 ,not all men are of equal value4 ,not many ,platos3 only one1 to whom a thousand lesser minds look up and learn to think4 ,not many ,dantes3 one1 and a thousand poets tune their harps to his and repeat his notes4 ,not many ,raphaels3 one1 and no second4 ,but a thousand lesser artists looking up to him are lifted to his level4 ,not many royal hearts--great magazines of kindness4 ,happy the town blessed with a few great minds and a few great hearts4 ,one such citizen will civilize an entire community4--,h4 ,i ,,the ,,elements ,,of ,,worth ,,in ,,the ,,individual ,our scientific experts are investigating the wastes of society4 ,their reports indicate that man is a great spendthrift4 ,he seems not so much a husbandman1 making the most of the treasures of his life-garden1 as a robber looting a storehouse for booty4 ,travelers affirm that one part of the northern pineries has been wasted by man's careless fires and much of the rest by his reckless axe4 ,coal experts insist that a large percentage of heat passes out of the chimney4 ,the new chemistry claims that not a little of the precious ore is cast upon the slag heap4 ,in the fields the farmers overlook some ears of corn and pass by some handfuls of wheat4 ,in the work-room the scissors leave selvage and remnant4 ,in the mill the saw and plane refuse slabs and edges4 ,in the kitchen a part of what the husband carries in1 the wife's wasteful cooking casts out4 ,but the secondary wastes involve still heavier losses4 ,man's carelessness in the factory breaks delicate machinery1 his ignorance spoils raw materials1 his idleness burns out boilers1 his recklessness blows up engines2 and no skill of manager in juggling figures in ,january can retrieve the wastes of ,june4 ,passing through the country the traveler finds the plow rusting in the furrow1 mowers and reapers exposed to rain and snow2 passing through the city he sees the docks lined with boats1 the alleys full of broken vehicles1 while the streets exhibit some broken-down men4 ,a journey through life is like a journey along the trackway of a retreating army2 here a valuable ammunition wagon is abandoned because a careless smith left a flaw in the tire2 there a brass cannon is deserted because a tug was improperly stitched2 yonder a brave soldier lies dying in the thicket where he fell because excited men forgot the use of an ambulance4 ,what with the wastes of intemperance and ignorance1 of idleness and class wars1 the losses of society are enormous4 ,but man's prodigality with his material treasures does but interpret his wastefulness of the greater riches of mind and heart4 ,life's chief destructions are in the city of man's soul4 ,many persons seem to be trying to solve this problem3 ,given a soul stored with great treasure1 and three score and ten years for happiness and usefulness1 how shall one kill the time and waste the treasure8 ,man's pride over his casket stored with gems must be modified by the reflection that daily his pearls are cast before swine1 that should have been woven into coronets4 ,man's evident failure to make the most out of his material life suggests a study of the elements in each citizen that make him of value to his age and community4 ,what are the measurements of mankind1 and why is it that daily some add new treasures to the storehouse of civilization1 while others take from and waste the store already accumulated8 ,these are questions of vital import4 ,many and varied estimates of man's value have been made4 ,statisticians reckon the average man's value at #fjj a year4 ,each worker in wood1 iron or brass stands for an engine or industrial plant worth #aj1jjj1 producing at #f per cent4 an income of #fjj4 ,the death of the average workman1 therefore1 is equivalent to the destruction of a #aj1jjj mill or engine4 ,the economic loss through the non-productivity of #bj1jjj drunkards is equal to one ,chicago fire involving two hundred millions4 ,of course1 some men produce less and others more than #fjj a year2 and some there are who have no industrial value--non-producers1 according to ,adam ,smith2 paupers1 according to ,john ,stuart ,mill2 thieves1 according to ,paul1 who says1 ,let him that stole steal no more1 but rather work4 ,in this group let us include the tramps1 who hold that the world owes them a living2 these are they who fail to realize that society has given them support through infancy and childhood2 has given them language1 literature1 liberty4 ,wise men know that the noblest and strongest have received from society a thousandfold more than they can ever repay1 though they vex all the days and nights with ceaseless toil4 ,in this number of non-sufficing persons are to be included the paupers--paupers plebeian1 supported in the poorhouse by many citizens2 paupers patrician1 supported in palace by one citizen1 generally father or ancestor2 the two classes differing in that one is the foam at the top of the glass and the other the dregs at the bottom4 ,to these two groups let us add the social parasites1 represented by thieves1 drunkards1 and persons of the baser sort whose business it is to trade in human passion4 ,we revolt from the red aphides upon the plant1 the caterpillar upon the tree1 the vermin upon bird or beast4 ,how much more do we revolt from those human vermin whose business it is to propagate parasites upon the body politic6 ,the condemnation of life is that a man consumes more than he produces1 taking out of society's granary that which other hands have put in4 ,the praise of life is that one is self-sufficing1 taking less out than he put into the storehouse of civilization4 ,a man's original capital comes through his ancestry4 ,nature invests the grandsire's ability1 and compounds it for the grandson4 ,plato says3 ,the child is a charioteer driving two steeds up the long life-hill2 one steed is white1 representing our best impulses2 one steed is dark1 standing for our worst passions4 ,who gave these steeds their color8 ,our fathers1 ,plato replies1 and the child may not change one hair1 white or black4 ,oliver ,wendell ,holmes would have us think that a man's value is determined a hundred years before his birth4 ,the ancestral ground slopes upward toward the mountain-minded man4 ,the great never appear suddenly4 ,seven generations of clergymen make ready for ,emerson1 each a signboard pointing to the coming philosopher4 ,the ,mississippi has power to bear up fleets for war or peace because the storms of a thousand summers and the snows of a thousand winters have lent depth and power4 ,the measure of greatness in a man is determined by the intellectual streams and moral tides flowing down from the ancestral hills and emptying into the human soul4 ,the ,bach family included one hundred and twenty musicians4 ,paganini was born with muscles in his wrists like whipcords4 ,what was unique in ,socrates was first unique in ,sophroniscus4 ,john ran before ,jesus1 but ,zacharias foretold ,john4 ,no electricity along rope wires1 and no vital living truths along rope nerves to spongy brain4 ,there are millions in our world who have been rendered physical and moral paupers by the sins of their ancestors4 ,their forefathers doomed them to be hewers of wood and drawers of water4 ,a century must pass before one of their children can crowd his way up and show strength enough to shape a tool1 outline a code1 create an industry1 reform a wrong4 ,despotic governments have stunted men--made them thin-blooded and low-browed1 all backhead and no forehead4 ,each child has been likened to a cask whose staves represent trees growing on hills distant and widely separated2 some staves are sound and solid1 standing for right-living ancestors2 some are worm eaten1 standing for ancestors whose integrity was consumed by vices4 ,at birth all the staves are brought together in the infant cask--empty1 but to be filled by parents and teachers and friends4 ,as the waste-barrel in the alley is filled with refuse and filth1 so the orphan waifs in our streets are made receptacles of all vicious thoughts and deeds4 ,these children are not so much born as damned into life4 ,but how different is the childhood of some others4 ,on the ,easter day1 in foreign cathedrals1 a beauteous vase is placed beside the altar1 and as the multitudes crowd forward and the solemn procession moves up the aisles1 men and women cast into the vase their gifts of gold and silver and pearls and lace and rich textures4 ,the well-born child seems to be such a vase1 unspeakably beautiful1 filled with knowledges and integrities more precious than gold and pearls4 ,let him who would be great select the right parents1 was the keen dictum of ,president ,dwight4 ,by the influence of the racial element1 the laborer in northern ,europe1 viewed as a producing machine1 doubles the industrial output of his southern brother4 ,the child of the tropics is out of the race4 ,for centuries he has dozed under the banana tree1 awakening only to shake the tree and bring down ripe fruit for his hunger1 eating to sleep again4 ,his muscles are flabby1 his blood is thin1 his brain unequal to the strain of two ideas in one day4 ,when ,sir ,john ,lubbock had fed the chief in the ,south ,sea ,islands he began to ask him questions1 but within ten minutes the savage was sound asleep4 ,when awakened the old chief said3 ,ideas make me so sleepy4 ,similarly1 the warm ,venetian blood has given few great men to civilization2 but the hills of ,scotland and ,new ,england produce scholars1 statesmen1 poets1 financiers1 with the alacrity with which ,texas produces cotton or ,missouri corn4 ,history traces certain influential nations back to a single progenitor of unique strength of body and character4 ,thus ,abraham1 ,theseus1 and ,cadmus seem like springs feeding great and increasing rivers4 ,one wise and original thinker founds a tribe1 shapes the destiny of a nation1 and multiplies himself in the lives of future millions4 ,in accordance with this law1 tenacity reappears in every ,scotchman2 wit sparkles in every ,irishman2 vivacity is in every ,frenchman's blood2 the ,saxon is a colonizer and originates institutions4 ,during the construction of the ,suez ,canal it was discovered that workmen with veins filled with ,teutonic blood had a commercial value two and a half times greater than the ,egyptians4 ,similarly1 during the ,indian war1 the ,highland troops endured double the strain of the native forces4 ,napoleon shortened the stature of the ,french people two inches by choosing all the taller of his #cj1jjj1jjj subjects and killing them in war4 ,waxing indignant1 ,horace ,mann thinks the forehead of the ,irish peasantry was lowered an inch when the government made it an offense punishable with fine1 imprisonment1 and a traitor's death to be the teacher of children4 ,a wicked government can make agony1 epidemic1 brutalize a race1 and reaching forward1 fetter generations yet unborn4 ,blood tells1 says science4 ,but blood is the radical element put out at compound interest and handed forward to generations yet unborn4 ,the second measure of a man's value to society is found in his original endowment of physical strength4 ,the child's birth-stock of vital force is his capital to be traded upon4 ,other things being equal his productive value is to be estimated mathematically upon the basis of physique4 ,born weak and nerveless1 he must go to society's ambulance wagon1 and so impede the onward march4 ,born vigorous and rugged1 he can help to clear the forest roadway or lead the advancing columns4 ,fundamentally man is a muscular machine for producing the ideas that shape conduct and character4 ,all fine thinking stands with one foot on fine brain fiber4 ,given large physical organs1 lungs with capacity sufficient to oxygenate the life-currents as they pass upward2 large arteries through which the blood may have full course1 run1 and be glorified2 a brain healthy and balanced with a compact nervous system1 and you have the basis for computing what will be a man's value to society4 ,men differ1 of course1 in ways many--they differ in the number and range of their affections1 in the scope of conscience1 in taste and imagination1 and in moral energy4 ,but the original point of variance is physical4 ,some have a small body and a powerful mind1 like a ,corliss engine in a tiny boat1 whose frail structure will soon be racked to pieces4 ,others are born with large bodies and very little mind1 as if a toy engine were set to run a mudscow4 ,this means that the poor engineer must pole up stream all his life4 ,others1 by ignorance of parent1 or accident through nurse1 or through their own blunder or sin1 destroy their bodily capital4 ,soon they are like boats cast high and dry upon the beach1 doomed to sun-cracking and decay4 ,then1 in addition to these absolute weaknesses1 come the disproportions of the body1 the distemperature of various organs4 ,it is not necessary for spoiling a timepiece to break its every bearing2 one loose screw stops all the wheels4 ,thus a very slight error as to the management of the bodily mechanism is sufficient to prevent fine creative work as author1 speaker1 or inventor4 ,few men1 perhaps1 ever learn how to so manage their brain and stomach as to be capable of high-pressure brain action for days at a time--until the cumulative mental forces break through all obstacles and conquer success4 ,a great leader represents a kind of essence of common sense1 but rugged common sense is sanity of nerve and brain4 ,he who rules and leads must have mind and will1 but he must have chest and stomach also4 ,beecher says the gun carriage must be in proportion to the gun it carries4 ,when health goes the gun is spiked4 ,ideas are arrows1 and the body is the bow that sends them home4 ,the mind aims2 the body fires4 ,good health may be better than genius or wealth or honor4 ,it was when the gymnasium had made each ,athenian youth an ,apollo in health and strength that the feet of the ,greek race ran most nimbly along the paths of art and literature and philosophy4 ,another test of a man's value is an intellectual one4 ,the largest wastes of any nation are through ignorance4 ,failure is want of knowledge2 success is knowing how4 ,wealth is not in things of iron1 wood and stone4 ,wealth is in the brain that organizes the metal4 ,pig iron is worth #bj a ton2 made into horse shoes1 #ij2 into knife blades1 #bjj2 into watch springs1 #a1jjj4 ,that is1 raw iron #bj1 brain power1 #ihj4 ,millet bought a yard of canvas for #a franc1 paid #b more francs for a hair brush and some colors2 upon this canvas he spread his genius1 giving us ,the ,angelus4 ,the original investment in raw material was #fj cents2 his intelligence gave that raw material a value of #aje1jjj4 ,one of the pictures at the ,world's ,fair represented a savage standing on the bank of a stream1 anxious but ignorant as to how he could cross the flood4 ,knowledge toward the metal at his feet gave the savage an axe2 knowledge toward the tree gave him a canoe2 knowledge toward the union of canoes gave him a boat2 knowledge toward the wind added sails2 knowledge toward fire and water gave him the ocean steamer4 ,now1 if from the captain standing on the prow of that floating palace1 the ,city of ,new ,york1 we could take away man's knowledge as we remove peel after peel from an onion1 we would have from the iron steamer1 first1 a sailboat1 then a canoe1 then axe and tree1 and at last a savage1 naked and helpless to cross a little stream4 ,in the final analysis it is ignorance that wastes2 it is knowledge that saves2 it is wisdom that gives precedence4 ,if sleep is the brother of death1 ignorance is full brother to both sleep and death4 ,an untaught faculty is at once quiescent and dead4 ,an ignorant man has been defined as one whom ,god has packed up and men have not unfolded4 ,the best forces in such a one are perpetually paralyzed4 ,eyes he has1 but he cannot see the length of his hand2 ears he has1 and all the finest sounds in creation escape him2 a tongue he has1 and it is forever blundering4 ,a mechanic who has a chest of forty tools and can use only the hammer1 saw1 and gimlet1 has little chance with his fellows and soon falls far behind4 ,an educated mind is one fully awakened to all the sights and scenes and forces in the world through which he moves4 ,this does not mean that a #b1jjj man can be made out of a two-cent boy by sending him to college4 ,education is mind-husbandry2 it changes the size but not the sort4 ,but if no amount of drill will make a ,shetland pony show a two-minute gait1 neither will the thoroughbred show this speed save through long and assiduous and patient education4 ,the primary fountains of our ,nation's wealth are not in fields and forests and mines1 but in the free schools1 churches1 and printing presses4 ,ignorance breeds misery1 vice1 and crime4 ,mephistopheles was a cultured devil1 but he is the exception4 ,history knows no illiterate seer or sage or saint4 ,no ,dante or ,shakespeare ever had to make his ,x mark4 ,when ,john ,cabot ,lodge made his study of the distribution of ability in the ,united ,states1 he found that in ninety years five of the great ,western ,states had produced but twenty-seven men who were mentioned in the ,american and ,english encyclopedias1 while little ,massachusetts had #b1fhf authors1 orators1 philosophers1 and builders of ,states4 ,but analysis shows that the variance is one of education and ideas4 ,boston differs from ,quebec as differ their methods of instruction4 ,the ,new ,england settlers were ,oxford and ,cambridge men that represented the best blood1 brain1 and accumulated culture of old ,england4 ,landing in the forest they clustered their cabins around the building that was at once church1 school1 library1 and town hall4 ,rising early and sitting up late they plied their youth with ideas of liberty and intelligence4 ,they came together on ,sunday morning at nine o'clock to listen to a prayer one hour long1 a sermon of three hours1 and after a cold lunch heard a second brief sermon of two hours and a half--those who did not die became great4 ,what ,sunday began the week continued4 ,we may smile at their methods but we must admire the men they produced4 ,mark the intellectual history of ,northampton4 ,during its history this town has sent out #aad lawyers1 #aab ministers1 #ie physicians1 #ajj educators1 #g college presidents1 #cj professors1 #bd editors1 #f historians1 #ad authors1 among whom are ,george ,bancroft1 ,john ,lothrop ,motley1 ,professor ,whitney1 the late ,j4,g4 ,holland2 #ch officers of ,state1 #bh officers of the ,united ,states1 including members of the ,senate1 and one ,president4#a ,how comes it that this little colony has raised up this great company of authors1 statesmen1 reformers8 ,no mere chance is working here4 ,the relation between sunshine and harvest is not more essential than the relation between these folk and their renowned descendants4 ,fruit after his kind is the divine explanation of ,northampton's influence upon the nation4 ,education makes men great is the divine dictum4 ,george ,william ,curtis has said3 ,the ,revolutionary leaders were all trained men1 as the world's leaders always have been from the day when ,themistocles led the educated ,athenians at ,salamis1 to that when ,von ,moltke marshaled the educated ,germans against ,france4 ,the sure foundations of states are laid in knowledge1 not in ignorance2 and every sneer at education1 at book learning1 which is the recorded wisdom of the experience of mankind1 is the demagogue's sneer at intelligent liberty1 inviting national degeneration and ruin4 ,consider1 also1 how the misfits of life affect man's value4 ,the successful man grasps the handle of his being4 ,he moves in the line of least resistance4 ,that one accomplishes most whose heart sings while his hand works4 ,like animals men have varied uses4 ,the lark sings1 the ox bears burdens1 the horse is for strength and speed4 ,but men who are wise toward beasts are often foolish toward themselves4 ,multitudes drag themselves toward the factory or field who would have moved toward the forum with feet as hind's feet4 ,other multitudes fret and chafe in the office whose desires are in the streets and fields4 ,whoever scourges himself to a task he hates serves a hard master1 and the slave will get but scant pay4 ,if a farmer should hitch horses to a telescope and try to plow with it he would ruin the instrument in the summer and starve his family in the winter4 ,not the wishes of parent1 nor the vanity of wife1 nor the pride of place1 but ,god and nature choose occupation4 ,each child is unique1 as new as was the first arrival upon this planet4 ,the school is to help the boy unpack what intellectual tools he has2 education does not change1 but puts temper into these tools4 ,no man can alter his temperament1 though trying to he can break his heart4 ,how pathetic the wrecks of men who have chosen the wrong occupation6 ,the driver bathes the raw shoulder of a horse whose collar does not fit1 but when men make their misfits and the heart is sore society does not soothe1 but with whips it scourges the man to his fruitless task4 ,this large class may be counted unproductive4 ,john ,stuart ,mill placed the industrial mismatings among the heavier losses of society4 ,to this element of wisdom in relating one's self to duties must be added skill in maintaining smooth relations with one's fellows4 ,men may produce much by industry and ability1 and yet destroy more by the malign elements they carry4 ,the proud domineering employer tears down with one hand what he builds up with the other4 ,one foolish man can cost a city untold treasure4 ,how many factories have failed because the owner has no skill in managing men and mollifying difficulties4 ,history shows that stupid thrones and wars go together1 while skillful kings bring long intervals of peace4 ,contrasting the methods of two prominent men1 an editor once said3 ,the first man in making one million cost society ten millions2 but the other so produced his one million as to add ten more to society's wealth4 ,a most disastrous strike in ,england's history had its origin in ignorance of this principle4 ,the miners of a certain coal field had suffered a severe cut in wages4 ,they had determined to accept it1 though it took their children out of school1 and took away their meat dinner4 ,when the hour appointed for the conference came1 prudence would have dictated that every cause of irritation be guarded against4 ,but the employer foolishly drove his liveried carriage into the center of the vast crowd of workmen1 and for an hour flaunted his wealth before the sore-hearted miners4 ,when the men saw the footman1 the prancing horses1 the gold-plated harness1 and thought of their starving wives1 they reversed their acceptance of the cut in wages4 ,they plunged into a long strike1 taking this for their motto3 ,furs for his footmen and gold plate for his horses1 and also three meals a day for our wives and children4 ,now1 the ensuing strike and riots1 long protracted1 cost ,england #e1jjj1jjj4 ,but that bitter strike was all needless4 ,these are the men who take off the chariot wheels for ,god's advancing hosts4 ,when one comes to the front who has skill in allaying friction1 all society begins a new forward march4 ,skill in personal carriage has much to do with a man's value4 ,integrity enhances human worth4 ,iniquities devastate a city like fire and pestilence4 ,social wealth and happiness are through right living4 ,goodness is a commodity4 ,conscience in a cashier has a cash value4 ,if arts and industries are flowers and fruits1 moralities are the roots that nourish them4 ,disobedience is slavery4 ,obedience is liberty4 ,disobedience to law of fire or water or acid is death4 ,obedience to law of color gives the artist his skill2 obedience to the law of eloquence gives the orator his force2 obedience to the law of iron gives the inventor his tool2 disobedience to the law of morals gives waste and want and wretchedness4 ,that individual or nation is hastening toward poverty that does not love the right and hate the wrong4 ,so certain is the penalty of wrongdoing that sin seems infinitely stupid4 ,every transgression is like an iron plate thrown into the air2 gravity will pull it back upon the wrongdoer's head to wound him4 ,it has been said for a man to betray his trust for money1 is for him to stand on the same intellectual level with a monkey that scalds its throat with boiling water because it is thirsty4 ,a drunkard is one who exchanges ambrosia and nectar for garbage4 ,a profligate is one who declines an invitation to banquet with the gods that he may dine out of an ash barrel4 ,what blight is to the vine1 sin is to a man4 ,when the first thief appeared in ,plymouth colony a man was withdrawn from the fields to make locks for the houses2 when two thieves came a second toiler was withdrawn from the factory to serve as night watchman4 ,soon others were taken from productive industry to build a jail and to interpret and execute the law4 ,every sin costs the state much hard cash4 ,consider what wastes hatred hath wrought4 ,once ,italy and ,greece and ,central ,europe made one vast storehouse filled with precious art treasures4 ,but men turned the cathedrals into arsenals of war4 ,if the clerks in some porcelain or cut-glass store should attend to their duties in the morning1 and each afternoon have a pitched battle1 during which they should throw the vases and cups and medallions at each other1 and each night pick up a piece of vase1 here an armless ,venus and there a headless ,apollo1 to put away for future generations to study1 we should have that which answers precisely to what has gone on for centuries through hatreds and class wars4 ,an outlook upon society is much like a visit to ,lisbon after an earthquake has filled the streets with debris and shaken down homes1 palaces1 and temples4 ,history is full of the ruins of cities and empires4 ,not time1 but disobedience1 hath wrought their destruction4 ,new civilizations will be reared by coming generations2 uprightness will lay the foundations and integrity will complete the structure4 ,the temple is righteousness in which ,god dwelleth4 ,have life more abundantly4 ,man is not fated to a scant allowance nor a fixed amount1 but he is allured forward by an unmeasured possibility4 ,personality may be enlarged and enriched4 ,it has been said that ,cromwell was the best thing ,england ever produced4 ,and the mission of ,jesus ,christ is to carry each up from littleness to full-orbed largeness4 ,it has always been true that when some genius1 e4g41 ,watt1 invents a model the people have reproduced it times innumerable4 ,so what man asks for is not the increase of birth talent1 but a pattern after which this raw material can be fashioned4 ,carbon makes charcoal1 and carbon makes diamond1 too1 but the sea of light is carbon crystallized to a pattern4 ,builders lay bricks by plan2 the musician follows his score2 the value of a ,york minster is not in the number of cords of stone1 but in the plan that organized them2 and the value of a man is in the reply to this question3 ,have the raw materials of nature been wrought up into unity and harmony by the ,exemplar of human life8 ,daily he is here to stir the mind with holy ambitions2 to wing the heart with noble aspirations2 to inspire with an all-conquering courage2 to vitalize the whole manhood4 ,by making the individual rich within he creates value without4 ,for all things are first thoughts4 ,tools1 fabrics1 ships1 houses1 books are first ideas1 afterward crystallized into outer form4 ,a great picture is a beautiful conception rushing into visible expression upon the canvas4 ,wake up taste in a man and he beautifies his home4 ,wake up conscience and he drives iniquities out of his heart4 ,wake up his ideas of freedom and he fashions new laws4 ,jesus ,christ is here to inflame man's soul within that he may transform and enrich his life without4 ,no picture ever painted1 no statue ever carved1 no cathedral ever builded is half so beautiful as the ,christ-formed man4 ,what is man's value to society8 ,let him who knoweth what is in us reply3 ,what shall it profit a man if he gain the whole world and lose his own soul8 ,,footnotes3 #a ,northampton ,antiquities4 ,clark4 ,,character3 ,,its ,,materials ,,and ,,external ,,teachers ,character is more than intellect4 ,a great soul will be strong to live1 as well as to think4 ,goodness outshines genius1 as the sun makes the electric light cast a shadow4--,emerson4 ,what the superior man seeks is in himself2 what the small man seeks is in others4--,confucius4 ,after all1 the kind of world one carries about in one's self is the important thing1 and the world outside takes all its grace1 color and value from that4--,james ,russell ,lowell4 ,sow an act and you reap a habit2 sow a habit and you reap a character2 sow a character and you reap a destiny4--,anon4 ,so teach us to number our days that we may apply our hearts unto wisdom4--,psalm #ij4 ,,ii ,,character3 ,,its ,,materials ,,and ,,external ,,teachers ,dying1 ,horace ,greeley exclaimed3 ,fame is a vapor1 popularity an accident1 riches take wings1 those who cheer to-day will curse to-morrow1 only one thing endures--character6 ,these weighty words bid all remember that life's one task is the making of manhood4 ,our world is a college1 events are teachers1 happiness is the graduating point1 character is the diploma ,god gives man4 ,the forces that increase happiness are many1 including money1 friends1 position2 but one thing alone is indispensable to success--personal worth and manhood4 ,he who stands forth clothed with real weight of goodness can neither be feeble in life1 nor forgotten in death4 ,society admires its scholar1 but society reveres and loves its hero whose intellect is clothed with goodness4 ,for character is not of the intellect1 but of the disposition4 ,its qualities strike through and color the mind and heart even as summer strikes the matured fruit through with juicy ripeness4 ,of that noble ,greek who governed his city by unwritten laws1 the people said3 ,phocion's character is more than the constitution4 ,the weight of goodness in ,lamartine was such that during the bloody days in ,paris his doors were unlocked4 ,character in him was a defense beyond the force of rock walls or armed regiments4 ,emerson says there was a certain power in ,lincoln1 ,washington and ,burke not to be explained by their printed words4 ,burke the man was inexpressibly finer than anything he said4 ,as a spring is more than the cup it fills1 as a poet or architect is more than the songs he sings or the temple he rears1 so the man is more than the book or business he fashions4 ,earth holds many wondrous scenes called temples1 battle-fields1 cathedrals1 but earth holds no scene comparable for majesty and beauty to a man clothed indeed with intellect1 but adorned also with integrities and virtues4 ,beholding such a one1 well did ,milton exclaim3 ,a good man is the ripe fruit our earth holds up to ,god4 ,character has been defined as the joint product of nature and nurture4 ,nature gives the raw material1 character is the carved statue4 ,the raw material includes the racial endowment1 temperament1 degree of vital force1 mentality1 aptitude for tool or industry1 for art or science4 ,these birth-gifts are quantities1 fixed and unalterable4 ,no heart-rendings can change the two-talent nature into a ten-talent man4 ,no agony of effort can add a cubit to the stature4 ,the eagle flies over the chasm as easily as an ant crawls over the crack in the ground4 ,shakespeare writes ,hamlet as easily as ,tupper wrote his tales4 ,once an oak1 always an oak4 ,care and culture can thicken the girth of the tree1 but no degree of culture can cause an oak bough to bring forth figs instead of acorns4 ,rebellion against temperament and circumstance is sure to end in the breaking of the heart4 ,happiness and success begin with the sincere acceptance of the birth-gift and career ,god hath chosen4 ,since no man can do his best work save as he uses his strongest faculties1 the first duty of each is to search out the line of least resistance4 ,he who has a genius for moral themes but has harnessed himself to the plow or the forge1 is in danger of wrecking both happiness and character4 ,all such misfits are fatal4 ,no farmer harnesses a fawn to the plow1 or puts an ox into the speeding-wagon4 ,life's problem is to make a right inventory of the gifts one carries4 ,as no carpenter knows what tools are in the box until he lifts the lid and unwraps one shining instrument after another1 so the instruments in the soul must be unfolded by education4 ,ours is a world where the inventor accompanies the machine with a chart1 illustrating the use of each wheel and escapement4 ,but no babe lying in the cradle ever brought with it a hand-book setting forth its mental equipment and pointing out its aptitude for this occupation1 or that art or industry4 ,the gardener plants a root with perfect certainty that a rose will come up1 but no man is a prophet wise enough to tell whether this babe will unfold into quality of thinker or doer or dreamer4 ,to each ,nature whispers3 ,unsight1 unseen1 hold fast what you have4 ,for the soul is shadowless and mysterious4 ,no hand can carve its outline1 no brush portray its lineaments4 ,even the mother embosoming its infancy and carrying its weaknesses1 studying it by day and night through years1 sees not1 she cannot see1 knows not1 she cannot know1 into what splendor of maturity the child will unfold4 ,man beholds his fellows as one beholds a volume written in a foreign language2 the outer binding is seen1 the inner contents are unread4 ,within general lines phrenology and physiognomy are helpful1 but it is easier to determine what kind of a man lives in the house by looking at the knob on his front door than to determine the brain and heart within by studying the bumps upon face and forehead4 ,nature's dictum is1 ,grasp the handle of your own being4 ,each must fashion his own character4 ,nature gives trees1 but not tools2 forests1 but not furniture4 ,thus nature furnishes man with the birth materials and environment2 man must work up these materials into those qualities called industry1 integrity1 honor1 truth and love1 ever patterning after that ideal man1 ,jesus ,christ4 ,the influences shaping nature's raw material into character are many and various4 ,of old1 the seer likened the soul unto clay4 ,the mud falls upon the board before the potter1 a rude mass1 without form or comeliness4 ,but an hour afterwards the clay stands forth adorned with all the beauty of a lovely vase4 ,thus the soul begins1 a mere mass of mind1 but hands many and powerful soon shape it into the outlines of some noble man or woman4 ,these sculptors of character include home1 friendship1 occupation1 travel1 success1 love1 grief and death4 ,life's first teacher is the external world1 with its laws4 ,man begins at zero4 ,the child thrusts his finger into the fire and is burned2 thenceforth he learns to restrain himself in the presence of fire1 and makes the flames smite the vapor for driving train or ship4 ,the child errs in handling the sharp tool1 and cuts himself2 thenceforth he lifts up the axe upon the tree4 ,the child mistakes the weight of stone1 or the height of stair1 and1 falling1 hard knocks teach him the nature and use of gravity4 ,daily the thorns that pierce his feet drive him back into the smooth pathway of nature's laws4 ,the sharp pains that follow each excess teach him the pleasures of sound and right living4 ,nor is there one infraction of law that is not followed by pain4 ,as sharp guards are placed at the side of the bridge over the chasm to hold men back from the abyss1 so nature's laws are planted on either side of the way of life to prick and scourge erring feet back into the divine way4 ,at length through much smiting of the body nature forces the youth into a knowledge of the world in which he lives4 ,man learns to carry himself safely within forests1 over rivers1 through fires1 midst winds and storms4 ,soon every force in nature stands forth his willing servant2 becoming like unto the steeds of the plains1 that once were wild1 but now are trained1 and lend all their strength and force to man's loins and limbs4 ,having mastered the realm of physical law1 the youth is thrust into the realm of laws domestic and social4 ,he runs up against his mates and friends1 often overstepping his own rights and infringing the rights of others4 ,then some stronger arm falls on his1 and drives him back into his own territory4 ,occasional chastisement through the parent and teacher1 friend or enemy1 reveal to him the nature of selfishness1 and compel the recognition of others4 ,thus1 through long apprenticeship1 the youth finds out the laws that fence him round1 that press upon him at every pore1 by day and by night1 in workshop or in store1 at home or abroad4 ,slowly these laws mature manhood4 ,when ideas are thrust into raw iron1 the iron becomes a loom or an engine4 ,thus when ,god's laws are incarnated in a babe1 the child is changed into the likeness of a citizen1 a sage or seer4 ,nature1 with her laws1 is not only the earliest1 but also the most powerful1 of life's instructors4 ,temptation is another teacher4 ,protection gives innocence1 but practice gives virtue4 ,for ship timber we pass by the sheltered hothouse1 seeking the oak on the storm-swept hills4 ,in that beautiful story of the lost paradise1 ,god pulls down the hedge built around ,adam and ,eve4 ,the government through a fence outside was succeeded by self-government inside4 ,the hermit and the cloistered saint end their career with innocence4 ,but ,christ1 struggling unto blood against sin1 ends ,his career with character4 ,god educates man by giving him complete charge over himself and setting him on the barebacked horse of his own will1 leaving him to break it by his own strength4 ,travelers to ,alaska tell us that the wild berries attain a sweetness there of which our temperate clime knows nothing4 ,scientists say that the glowworm keeps its enemies at bay by the brightness of its own light4 ,man1 by his love of truth and right1 becomes his own castle and fortress4 ,cities no longer depend upon night-watchmen to guard against marauders and burglars4 ,once men trusted to safes and iron bars upon the windows4 ,now bankers ask electric lights to guard their treasure vaults4 ,for centuries ,spain's paternal laws have compelled each ,spaniard to ask his church what to think and believe4 ,this method has robbed that people of enduring and self-reliant manhood1 and made them a race of weaklings4 ,for over-protection is a peril4 ,strength comes by wrestling1 knowledge by observing1 wisdom by thinking1 and character by enduring and struggling4 ,exposure is often good fortune4 ,every ,luther and ,cromwell has been tempted and tempered against the day of danger and battle4 ,as the victorious ,old ,guard were honored in proportion to the number and severity of the wars through which they had passed1 so the temptations that seek man's destruction1 when conquered1 cover him with glory4 ,ruskin notes that the art epochs have also been epochs of war1 upheaval1 and tyranny4 ,he accounts for this by saying that when tyranny was hardest1 crime blackest1 sin ugliest1 then1 in the recoil and conflict1 beauty and heroism attained their highest development4 ,studying the rise of the ,dutch republic1 ,motley notes how the shocks and fiery baptisms of war changed those peasants into patriots4 ,this explains society's enthusiasm for its hero1 all scarred and gray4 ,we admire the child's innocence1 but it lacks ripeness and maturity2 it is only a handful of germs4 ,but every heart kindles and glows when the true hero stands forth in the person of some ,paul or ,savonarola1 some ,luther or ,lincoln1 having passed through fire1 through flood1 through all the thunder of life's battle1 ever ripening1 sweetening and enlarging1 his fineness and gentleness being the result of great strength and great wisdom1 accumulated through long life1 until he stands1 at the end of his career1 as the sun stands on a summer afternoon just before it goes down4 ,all statues and pictures become tawdry in comparison with such a rich1 ripe1 glowing1 and glorious heart1 clothed with ,christlike character4 ,life's teachers also includes newness and zest4 ,first1 man lives his life in fresh personal experiences4 ,then1 by observation1 he repeats his life in the career of his children4 ,a third time he journeys around the circle1 re-experiencing life in that of his grandchildren4 ,then1 because the newness has passed away and events no longer stimulate his mind1 death withdraws man from the scene and enters him in a new school4 ,vast is the educational value therefore attaching to the newness of life4 ,god is so rich that no day or scene need repeat a former one4 ,the proverb1 ,we never look upon the same river1 tells us that all things are ever changing1 and clothes each day with fresh fascination4 ,whilst ,i read the poets1 said ,emerson1 ,i think that nothing new can be said about morning and evening2 but when ,i see the day break ,i am not reminded of the ,homeric and ,chaucerian pictures4 ,i am cheered by the moist1 warm1 glittering1 budding1 melodious hour that breaks down the narrow walls of my soul1 and extends its life and pulsations to the very horizon4 ,thus1 each new day is a new continent to be explored4 ,each youth is a new creature1 full of delightful and mysterious possibilities4 ,each brain comes clothed with its own secret1 having its own orbit1 attaining its own unique experience4 ,ours is a world in which each individual1 each country1 each age1 each day1 has a history peculiarly its own4 ,this newness is a perpetual stimulant to curiosity and study4 ,gladstone's recipe for never growing old is1 ,search out some topic in nature or life in which you have never hitherto been interested1 and experience its fascinations4 ,for some1 once a picture or book has been seen1 the pleasure ceases4 ,delight dies with familiarity4 ,such persons look back to the days of childhood as to the days of wonder and happiness4 ,but the man of real vision ever beholds each rock1 each herb and flower with the big eyes of children1 and with a mind of perpetual wonder4 ,for him the seed is a fountain gushing with new delights4 ,every youth should repeat the experience of ,john ,ruskin4#b ,such was the enthusiasm that this author felt for ,god's world1 that when he approached some distant mountain or saw the crags hanging over the waters1 or the clouds marching through the sky1 a shiver of fear1 mingled with awe1 set him quivering with joy--such joy as the artist pupil feels in the presence of his noble master1 such a kindling of mind and heart as ,dante felt on approaching his ,beatrice4 ,phillips ,brooks grew happier as he grew older1 and at fifty-seven he said3 ,life seems a feast in which ,god keeps the best wine until the last4 ,up to the very end the great preacher grew by leaps and bounds1 because he never lost that enthusiasm for life that makes zest and newness among life's best teachers4 ,by a strange paradox men are taught by monotony as well as by newness4 ,ours is a world where the words1 ,blessed be drudgery1 are full of meaning4 ,culture and character come not through consuming excitements nor the whirl of pleasures4 ,the granary is filled1 not by the thunderous forces that appeal to the eye and ear1 but by the secret1 invisible agents2 the silent energies1 the mighty monarchs hidden in roots and in seeds4 ,what rioting storms cannot do is done by the silent sap and sunshine4 ,all the fundamental qualities called patience1 perseverance1 courage1 fidelity1 are the gains of drudgery4 ,character comes with commonplaces4 ,greatness is through tasks that have become insipid1 and by duties that are irksome4 ,the treadmill is a divine teacher4 ,he who shovels sand year in and year out needs not our pity1 for the proverb is ,every man has his own sand heap4 ,the greatest mind1 fulfilling its career1 once the freshness has worn off1 pursues a hackneyed task and finds the duties irksome4 ,it is better so4 ,a seer has suggested that the voices of earth are dulled that we may hear the whisper of ,god2 earth's colors are toned down that we may see things invisible4 ,solitude is a wise teacher4 ,going apart the youth grows great4 ,emerson speaks of sailing the sea with ,god alone4 ,the founders of astronomy dwelt on a plain of sand1 where the horizon held not one vine-clad hill nor alluring vista4 ,wearying of the yellow sea1 their thoughts journeyed along the heavenly highway and threaded the milky way1 until the man became immortal4 ,moses became the greatest of jurists1 because during the forty years when his mind was creative and at its best1 he dwelt amid the solitude of the sand hills around ,sinai1 and was free for intellectual and moral life4 ,history tells of a thousand men who have maintained virtue in adversity only to go down in hours of prosperity4 ,that is1 man is stimulated by the crisis2 conflict provokes heroism1 persecution lends strength4 ,but1 denied the exigency of a great trial1 men who seemed grand fall all to pieces4 ,triumphant in adversity1 men are vanquished by drudgery4 ,an ,english author has expressed the belief that many men achieve reputations when all eyes are focused upon them1 who fall into petty worthlessness amid obscurity and monotony4 ,life's crowning victory belongs to those who have won no brilliant battle1 suffered no crushing wrong2 who have figured in no great drama1 whose sphere was obscure1 but who have loved great principles midst small duties1 nourished sublime hopes amid vulgar cares1 and illustrated eternal principles in trifles4 ,responsibility is a teacher of righteousness4 ,god educates men by casting them upon their own resources4 ,man learns to swim by being tossed into life's maelstrom and left to make his way ashore4 ,no youth can learn to sail his life-craft in a lake sequestered and sheltered from all storms1 where other vessels never come4 ,skill comes through sailing one's craft amidst rocks and bars and opposing fleets1 amidst storms and whirls and counter currents4 ,english literature has a proverb about the incapacity of rich men's sons4 ,the rich man himself became mighty because he began in poverty1 had no hand to help him forward1 and many hands to hold him back4 ,after long wrestling with opposing force he compacted within himself the strength and foresight1 the frugality and wisdom of a score of ordinary men4 ,the school of hard knocks made him a man of might4 ,but his son1 cradled in a soft nest1 sheltered from every harsh wind1 loving ease more than industry1 is in danger of coming up without insight into the secrets of his profession or industry4 ,responsibility alone drives man to toil and brings out his best gifts4 ,for this reason the pensions given to scholars are said to have injured some men of genius4 ,johnson wrote his immortal ,rasselas to raise money to buy his mother's coffin4 ,hunger and pain drove ,lee to the invention of his loom4 ,left a widow with a family to support1 in mid-life ,mrs4 ,trollope took to authorship and wrote a score of volumes4 ,the most piteous tragedy in ,english literature is that of ,coleridge4 ,wordsworth called him the most myriad-minded man since ,shakespeare1 and ,lamb thought him an archangel slightly damaged4 ,the generosity of his friends gave the poet a home and all its comforts without the necessity of toil4 ,is it possible that ease and lack of responsibility1 with opium1 helped wreck him8 ,what did that critic mean when he said of a rich young friend1 ,he needs poverty alone to make him a great painter8 ,it is responsibility that teaches caution1 foresight1 prudence1 courage1 and turns feeblings into giants4 ,the extremes and contrasts of life do much to shape character4 ,ours is a world that moves from light to dark1 from heat to cold1 from summer to winter4 ,on the crest to-day1 the hero is in the trough to-morrow4 ,moses1 yesterday a deserted slave child1 to-day adopted by a king's daughter2 ,david1 but yesterday a shepherd boy with his harp1 and to-day dwelling in the ,king's palace2 men yesterday possessed of plenty1 to-day passing into penury--these illustrate the extremes of life4 ,these contrasts are as striking as those we find on the sunny slopes of the ,alps4 ,there the foothills are covered with vineyards1 while the summits have everlasting snow4 ,in ,wyoming hot springs gush close beside snowdrifts4 ,during man's few years1 and brief1 he experiences many reverses4 ,he flits on between light and dark4 ,it is hard for the leader to drop back into the ranks4 ,it is not easy for him who hath led a movement to its success to see his laurels fall leaf by leaf4 ,after a long and dangerous service men grown old and gray are succeeded by the youth to whom society owes no debt4 ,thus man journeys from strength to invalidism1 from prosperity to adversity1 from joy to sorrow1 or goes from misery to happiness1 from defeat to victory4 ,not one single person but sooner or later is tested by these alterations4 ,god sends prosperity to lift character to its highest levels4 ,it is an error to suppose that the higher manhood flourishes in extreme poverty4 ,watkinson has beautifully said that humility is never so lovely as when arrayed in scarlet2 moderation is never so impressive as when it sits at banquets2 simplicity is never so delightful as when it dwells amidst magnificence2 purity is never so divine as when its unsullied robes are worn in a king's palace2 gentleness is never so touching as when it exists in the powerful4 ,when men combine gold and goodness1 greatness and godliness1 genius and graces1 human nature is at its best4 ,on the other hand1 adversity is a supplement1 making up what prosperity lacks4 ,the very abundance of ,christmas gifts ofttimes causes children to forget the parents who gave them4 ,some are adorned by prosperity as mountains are adorned with rich forests4 ,others stand forth with the bareness1 but also with the grandeur and enduring strength1 of ,alpine mountains4 ,character is like every other structure--nothing tests it like extremes4 ,when friendship and love have enriched man1 and deepened all the secret springs of his being1 when grief hath refined and suffering mellowed him1 then ,god sends the ideals to stimulate men to new achievements4 ,an ideal is a pattern or plan held up before the man's eye for imitation1 realization and guidance4 ,in the heart's innermost temple of silence1 whither neither friend nor enemy may ever come1 there the soul unveils its secret ideal4 ,the pattern there erected at once proclaims what man is and prophesies what he shall be4 ,in old age men think what they are1 but in youth1 what we think1 we come to be4 ,therefore must the pattern held up before the mind's eye be of the highest and purest4 ,the legend tells us of the master's apprentice1 who1 from the small bits of glass that had been thrown away constructed a window of surpassing loveliness4 ,the ideal held up before the boy's mind organized and brought together these broken bits1 and wrought them into lines of perfect beauty4 ,thus by his inner aspirations1 man lives and builds4 ,the inner eye reveals to the toiler a better tool or law or reform1 and the realization of these visions gives social progress4 ,the vision of conscience reveals new possibilities of character1 and these give duty4 ,the vision of the heart reveals new possibilities of friendship1 and these give the home4 ,as the sun standing upon the horizon orbs itself1 first in each dewdrop1 and afterward lifts the whole earth forward1 so the ideal repeats itself1 first in the individual heart1 and afterward lifts all society forward4 ,thus unto man slowly building up his character comes the supreme ideal1 when ,jesus ,christ stands forth fully revealed in ,his splendor4 ,he is no empty abstraction1 no bloodless theory1 but bone of our bone1 brother of our own body and breath1 yet marred by no weakness1 scarred by no sin1 tossing back temptations as some ,gibraltar tosses back the sea's billows and the bits of drift-wood4 ,strong1 ,he subdued ,his strength in the day of battle1 and bore ,himself like iron4 ,yet ,he was so gentle that ,his white hand felt the fall of the rose leaf1 while ,he inflected ,his gianthood to the needs of the little child4 ,nor could ,he be holden of the bands of death1 for ,he clove a pathway through the grave1 and made death's night to shine like the day4 ,i have but one passion1 said ,tholuck4 ,it is ,he6 it is ,he6 ,as ,shakespeare first reveals to the young poet his real riches of imagination1 as ,raphael first unveils to the young artist the possibilities of color1 so man knows not his infinite capabilities until ,jesus ,christ stands forth in all ,his untroubled splendor4 ,having ,him1 man has not only his ,teacher and ,saviour1 but also his ,master and ,model1 fulfilling all the needs of the highest manhood and the noblest character4 ,,footnotes3 #b ,modern ,painters1 vol4 ,,iii1 pg4 #cfh4 ,,aspirations ,,and ,,ideals ,as some most pure and noble face1 ,seen in the thronged and hurrying street1 ,sheds o'er the world a sudden grace1 ,a flying odor sweet1 ,then passing leaves the cheated sense ,balked with a phantom excellence4 ',so in our soul1 the visions rise ,of that fair life we never led2 ,they flash a splendor past our eyes1 ,we start1 and they are fled2 ,they pass and leave us with blank gaze1 ,resigned to our ignoble days4 --,the ,fugitive ,ideal1 by ,wm4 ,watson4 ,contentment and aspiration are in every true man's life4 ,no bird can race in the great blue sky against a noble soul4 ,the eagle's wing is slow compared with the flight of hope and love4--,swing4 ,we figure to ourselves ,the thing we like1 and then we build it up-- ,as chance will have it1 on the rock or sand2 ,for time is tired of wandering o'er the world1 ,and home-bound fancy runs her bark ashore4 --,taylor4 ,,iii ,,aspirations ,,and ,,ideals4 ,man is a pilgrim journeying toward the new and beautiful city of the ,ideal4 ,aspiration1 not contentment1 is the law of his life4 ,to-day's triumph dictates new struggles to-morrow4 ,the youth flushed with success may couch down in the tent of satisfaction for one night only2 when the morning comes he must fold his tent and push on toward some new achievement4 ,that man is ready for his burial robes who lets his present laurels satisfy him4 ,god has crowded the world with antidotes to contentment and with stimulants to progress4 ,the world is not built for sluggards4 ,the earth is like a road1 a poor place for sleeping in1 a good thing to travel over4 ,the world is like a forge1 unfit for residence1 but good for putting temper in a warrior's sword4 ,life is built for waking up dull men1 making lazy men unhappy1 and the low-flying miserable4 ,when other incitements fail1 fear and remorse following behind scourge men forward2 but ideals in front are the chief stimulants to growth4 ,each morning1 waking1 the soul sees the ideal man one ought to be rising in splendor to shame the man one is4 ,columbus was tempted forward by the floating branches1 the drifting weeds1 the strange birds1 unto the new world rich in tropic-treasure4 ,so by aspirations and ideals ,god lures men forward unto the soul's undiscovered country4 ,in the long ago the star moving on before guided the wise men of the ,east to the manger where the young child lay2 and still in man's night ,god hangs aspirations--stars for guiding men away from the slough of content to the hills of paradise4 ,the soul hungers for something vast1 and ideals lure to the long voyage1 the distant harbor1 and are the stars by which the pilgrim shapes his course4 ,life's great teachers are friendship1 occupation1 travel1 books1 marriage1 and chiefly heart-hungers4 ,these yearnings within are the springs of all man's progress without4 ,sometimes philosophers say that the history of civilization is the history of great men4 ,confessing this1 let us go on and note that the history of all great men is the history of their ideal hours1 realized in conduct and character4 ,waking at midnight in his bleak garret1 the vision splendid rose before ,john ,milton4 ,the boy of twelve would fain write a poem that the world would not willingly let die4 ,he knew that whoever would write a heroic poem must first live a heroic life4 ,from that hour the youth followed the ideal that led him on1 pursuing knowledge unceasingly for seven years1 never closing book before midnight1 leaving ,cambridge with the approbation of the good1 and without stain or spot upon his life4 ,afterward1 making a pilgrimage to ,italy for study in that land of song and story1 he heard of the civil wars in ,england1 and at once returned1 putting away his ambition for culture because he thought it base to be traveling in ease and safety abroad while his fellow-citizens were fighting for liberty at home4 ,when he resisted a brutal soldier's attack who lifted his sword to say1 ,i have power to kill you1 the scholar replied3 ,and ,i have power to be killed and to despise my murderer4 ,growing old and blind1 and falling upon evil days and tongues1 out of his heroic life he wrote his immortal poem4 ,dying1 he still pursued his ideal1 for moving into the valley and shadow1 the blind poet whispered3 ,still guides the heavenly vision6 ,did men but know it1 this is the secret of all heroic greatness4 ,here is that matchless old ,greek1 ,socrates1 sitting in the prison talking with his friends of death and immortality1 of the truth and beauty he hopes to find beyond4 ,with one hand he rubs his leg1 chafed by the harsh fetters1 with the other he holds the cup of poison4 ,when the sun touched the horizon he took the cup of death from the jailer's hand1 and with shining face went down into the valley1 and midst the thick shadows passed forever from mortal sight1 still pursuing his vision splendid4 ,and here is that pure-white martyr girl1 painted by ,millais1 staked down in the sea midst the rising tide1 but looking toward the open sky1 with a great1 sweet light upon her face4 ,here is ,luther surrounded by scowling soldiers and hungry1 wolfish priests1 looking upward and then flinging out his challenge1 ,i cannot and ,i will not recant1 ,god help me4 ,here is ,john ,brown1 with body all pierced with bullets and grievously sore1 stooping to kiss the child as he went on to the gallows1 with heart as high as on his wedding day4 ,and here is that ,christian nurse who followed the line of battle close up to the rifle-pits1 and kindled her fire and prepared hot drinks for dying men2 who1 when asked by the colonel who told her to build those fires1 made answer3 ,god ,almighty1 sir6 and went right on to fulfill her vision4 ,and here is ,livingstone1 with his grand craggy head and deep-set eyes1 found in the heart of ,africa1 dead beside his couch1 with ink scarcely dry on words that interpreted his vision3 ,god bless all men who in any way help to heal this open sore of the world6 ,chiefly1 there is ,christ1 who1 from the hour when the star stayed by ,his manger in ,bethlehem1 and the light ne'er seen on land or sea shone on the luminous and transfigured mount1 on to the day of ,his uplifted cross1 ever followed the divine vision that brought ,him at last to ,olivet1 to the open sky1 the ascending cloud1 the welcoming heavens4 ,but ,god1 who hath appointed visions unto great men1 doth set each lesser human life between its dream and its task4 ,deep heart-hungers are quickened within the people1 and then some patriot1 reformer1 or hero1 is raised up to feed the aspiration4 ,afterward history stores up these noble achievements of yesterday as soul food for to day4 ,the heart1 like the body1 needs nourishment1 and finds it in the highest deeds and best qualities of those who have gone before4 ,thus the artist pupil is fed by his great master4 ,the young soldier emulates his brave general4 ,the patriot is inspired by his heroic chief4 ,history records the deeds of noble men1 not for decorating her pages1 but for strengthening the generations that come after4 ,the measure of a nation's civilization is the number of heroes it has had1 whose qualities have been harvested for children and youth4 ,full oft one hero has transformed a people4 ,the blind bard singing through the villages of ,greece met a rude and simple folk4 ,but ,homer opened up a gallery in the clouds1 and there unveiled ,achilles as the ideal ,greek4 ,it became the ambition of every ,athenian boy to fix the ,iliad in his mind and repeat ,achilles in his heart and life4 ,soon the ,achilles in the sky looked down upon #bj1jjj young ,achilles walking through the streets beneath4 ,with what admiration do men recall the intellectual achievements of ,athens6 ,what temples1 and what statues in them6 ,what orators and eloquence6 ,what dramas6 ,what lyric poems6 ,what philosophers6 ,yet one ideal man who never lived1 save in a poet's vision1 turned rude tribes into intellectual giants4 ,thus each nation hungers for heroes4 ,when it has none ,god sends poets to invent them as soul food for the nation's youth4 ,the best gift to a people is not vineyards nor overflowing granaries1 nor thronged harbors1 nor rich fleets1 but a good man and great1 whose example and influence repeat greatness in all the people4 ,as the planet hanging above our earth lifts the sea in tidal waves1 so ,god hangs illustrious men in the sky for raining down their rich treasure upon society4 ,moreover1 it is the number and kind of his aspirations that determine a man's place in the scale of manhood4 ,lowest of all is that great under class of pulseless men1 content to creep1 and without thought of wings for rising4 ,mere drifters are they1 creatures of circumstance1 indifferently remaining where birth or events have started them4 ,having food and raiment1 therewith they are content4 ,no inspirations fire them1 no ideals rebuke them1 no visions of possible excellence or advancement smite their vulgar contentment4 ,like dead leaves swept forward upon the current1 these men drift through life4 ,not really bad1 they are but indifferently good1 and therefore are the material out of which vicious men are made4 ,in malarial regions1 physicians say1 men of overflowing health are safe because the abounding vitality within crowds back the poison in the outer air1 while men who live on the border line between good health and ill1 furnish the conditions for fevers that consume away the life4 ,similarly1 men who live an indifferent1 supine life1 with no impulses upward1 are exposed to evil and become a constant menace to society4 ,higher in the scale of manhood are the men of intermittent aspirations4 ,a traveler may journey forward guided by the light of the perpetual sun1 or he may travel by night midst a thunder-storm1 when the sole light is an occasional flash of lightning1 revealing the path here and the chasm there4 ,but once the lightning has passed the darkness is thicker than before4 ,and to men come luminous hours1 rebuking the common life4 ,then does the soul revolt from any evil thought and thing and long for all that is ,god-like in character1 for honor and purity1 for valor and courage1 for fidelity to the finer convictions deep hidden in the soul's secret recesses4 ,what heroes are these--in the vision hour6 ,with what fortitude do these soldiers bear up under blows--when the battle is still in the future6 ,but once the conflict comes1 their courage goes6 ,on a winter's morning the frost upon the window pane shapes forth trees1 houses1 thrones1 castles1 cities1 but these are only frost4 ,so before the mind the imagination hangs pictures of the glory and grandeur and ,god-likeness of the higher life1 but one breath of temptation proves their evanescence4 ,better1 however1 these intermittent ideals than uninterrupted supineness and contentment4 ,but1 best of all1 that third type of men who realize in daily life their luminous hours1 and transmute their ideals into conduct and character4 ,these are the soul-architects who build their thoughts and deeds into a plan2 who travel forward1 not aimlessly1 but toward a destination2 who sail1 not anywhither1 but toward a port2 who steer1 not by the clouds1 but by the fixed stars4 ,high in the scale of manhood these who ceaselessly aspire toward life's great ,exemplar4 ,consider the use of the soul's aspirations4 ,ideals redeem life from drudgery4 ,four-fifths of the human race are so overbodied and under-brained that the mind is exhausted in securing provision for hunger and raiment4 ,no to-morrow but may bring men to sore want4 ,poverty narrows life into a treadmill existence4 ,multitudes of necessity toil in the stithy and deep mine4 ,multitudes must accustom themselves to odors offensive to the nostril4 ,men toil from morning till night midst the din of machinery from which the ear revolts4 ,myriads dig and delve1 and scorn their toil4 ,he who spends all his years sliding pins into a paper1 finds his growth in manhood threatened4 ,others are stranded midway in life4 ,recently the test exhibition of a machine was successful1 and those present gave the inventor heartiest congratulations4 ,but one man was present whose face was drawn with pain1 and whose eyes were wet with tears4 ,explaining his emotion to a questioner he said3 ,one hour ago ,i entered this room a skilled workman2 this machine sends me out that door a common laborer4 ,for years ,i have been earning five dollars a day as an expert machinist4 ,by economy ,i hoped to educate my children into a higher sphere1 but now my every hope is ruined4 ,life is crowded with these disappointments4 ,a journey among men is like a journey through a harvest field after a hailstorm has flailed off all the buds and leaves1 and pounded the young corn into the ground4 ,fulfilling such a life1 men need to be saved by hopes and aspirations4 ,then ,god sends visions in to give men wing-room1 and lift them into the realm of restfulness4 ,some hope rises to break the thrall of life4 ,the soul rises like a songbird in the sky4 ,disappointed men find that food itself is not so sweet as dreams4 ,the seamstress toiling in the attic stitches hope in with each thread1 and dreams of some knight coming to lift her out of poverty1 and her reverie mocks and consumes her woe4 ,the laborer digging in his ditch sweetens his toil and rests his weariness by the dream of the humble home labor and love will some day build4 ,many in middle life1 when it is too late1 find themselves in the wrong occupation1 but maintain their usefulness and happiness by surrounding themselves with the thoughts of the career they love and beyond may yet fulfill4 ,how does imagination enterprise everywhither6 ,by it what ships are built1 what lands are explored1 what armies are led1 what thrones are erected in thought6 ,when the seed sprang up in the prison cell1 the scholar confined there enlarged the little plant until in his mind it became a vast forest1 where all flowers bloomed and spiced shrubs grew and birds sang1 and where brooks gurgled such music as never fell on mortal ear4 ,innumerable men endure by seeing things invisible4 ,they retire from the vexations and disappointments without to their hidden-vision life4 ,their inner thoughts contrast strangely with the outer fact and life4 ,during the ,middle ,ages1 when persecution broke out against the ,jews1 these merchants were oppressed and robbed1 and saved themselves from destruction only by living a squalid life outside and a princely life in hidden quarters4 ,it has been said3 ,you might follow an old merchant1 spotted and stained with all the squalor of beggary upon him1 through byways foul to the feet and offensive to every sense1 and through some narrow lane enter what looks like the entrance of an ill-kept stable4 ,thence opens out a squalid hall of noisome odors4 ,but ascending the steps you come to a secret passage1 when1 opening the door1 you are blinded with the brilliancy that bursts upon you4 ,you are in the palace of a prince4 ,the walls are covered with adornments4 ,rare tapestries hang upon the walls4 ,the dishes that bespread the table are of silver and gold1 and the household1 who hasten to receive the parent and strip off his outward disguise1 are themselves arrayed like king's children4 ,thus the ideals make a great difference between the man without and the hidden life within4 ,seeing unseen things1 the heart sings while the hand works4 ,the vision above lifts the life out of fatigue into the realm of joy and restfulness4 ,it is also the office of these divine ideals to rebuke the lower physical life1 and smite each sordid1 selfish purpose4 ,the vision hour is the natural enemy of the vulgar mood4 ,men begin life with the high purpose of living nobly1 generously1 openly4 ,full of the choicest aspirations1 hungering for the highest things1 the youth enters triumphantly upon the pathway of life4 ,but journeying forward he meets conflict and strife1 envy and jealousy1 disappointment and defeat4 ,he finds it hard to live up to the level of his best moods4 ,self-interest biases his judgment4 ,greed bribes reason4 ,pride leads him astray4 ,selfishness tempts him to violate his finer self4 ,the struggle to maintain his ideals is like a struggle for life itself4 ,many1 alas6 after a short1 sharp conflict1 give up the warfare and break faith and fealty with the deeper convictions4 ,they quench the light that shone afar off to beckon and cheer them on4 ,persuading themselves that the ideal life is impracticable1 they strike an average between their highest moods and their low-flying hours4 ,then is the luster of life all dimmed1 and the soul is like a noble mansion in the morning after some banquet or reception4 ,in the evening1 when making ready for the brilliant feast1 all the house is illuminated4 ,each curio is in its niche4 ,the harp is in its place4 ,the air is laden with the perfume of roses4 ,but when the morning comes1 how vast is the change6 ,the windows are darkened and the halls deserted2 the wax tapers have burned to the socket1 or flicker out in smoke2 the flowers1 scorched by the heated air1 have shriveled and fallen1 and in the banquet-room only the broken meats remain4 ,gone is all the glory of the feast6 ,thus1 when men lay aside their heroic ideals and bury their visions1 the luster of life departs1 and its beauty perishes4 ,then it is that ,god sends in the heavenly vision to rebuke the poorer1 sensuous life and man's material mood4 ,above the life that is1 ,god hangs the glory1 and grandeur1 and purity of the life that might be1 and the soul looking up scorns the lower things1 and hungers and thirsts for truth and purity4 ,then man comes to himself again1 and makes his way back to his ,father's side4 ,moreover1 these vision hours come to men to give them hints and gleams of what they shall be when time and ,god's resources have wrought their purpose of strength and beauty upon the soul4 ,man is born a long way from himself and needs to see the end toward which he moves4 ,he has a body and uses a lower life1 but man is what he is in his best hours and most exalted moods4 ,the measure of strength in any living thing is its highest faculty4 ,the strength of the deer is swiftness1 of a lion strength2 but to the power of the foot the eagle adds wings1 and therefore is praised for its swift flight4 ,to the wing the bee adds genius for building with geometric skill1 and its praise lies in its rare intelligence4 ,thus man also is to be measured by his highest faculty1 in that he has power to see things unseen and work in realms invisible4 ,we are told that ,cicero had three summer villas and a winter residence1 but he prided himself not upon his wealth1 but upon his oratory and eloquence4 ,the grand old statesman of ,england has skill for lifting the axe upon the tall trees1 but he glories in his skill in statecraft4 ,incidentally man reaps treasures from the fields1 finds riches in the forests1 and wealth in the mountains2 yet his real manhood resides in reason and moral sentiment1 and the spirit that saith1 ,our ,father4 ,for him to live for the body is as if one who should inherit a magnificent palace were to close the galleries and libraries and splendid halls1 and opening only the eating-room1 there to live and feed4 ,happy the man who is a good mechanic or merchant2 but1 alas6 if he is only that4 ,happy he who prospers toward the granary and the storehouse2 but1 alas6 if he is shrunken and shriveled toward the spiritual realm4 ,to all rich in physical treasure1 but bankrupt toward the unseen realm1 comes some divine influence arousing discontent4 ,then lower joys are seen to be uncrowned1 and sordid pleasures to have no scepter4 ,the soul becomes restless and disappointed where once it was contented4 ,looking afar off it sees in its vision hours the goodly estate to which ,god shall some day bring it4 ,here we recall the peasant's dream4 ,his humble cottage while he slept lifted up its thatched roof and became a noble mansion4 ,the one room and small became many and vast4 ,the little windows became arched and beautiful1 looking out upon vast estates all his4 ,the fireplace became an altar1 o'er which hung seraphim4 ,the chimney became a golden ladder like that which ,jacob saw1 and his children1 living and dead1 passed like angels bringing treasure up and down4 ,and thus1 while the human heart muses and dreams1 ,god builds ,his sanctuary in the soul4 ,the vision the heart sees is really the pattern by which ,god works4 ,these fulfill the transformation wrought in the peasant's dream4 ,seeking to fulfill their noble ministry1 ideals have grievous enemies4 ,among these let us include vanity and pride4 ,when the wise man said1 ,seest thou a man wise in his own conceit1 there is more hope of a fool than of him1 he indicated that he had known fools cured of their folly1 but never a vain man cured of his vanity4 ,pliny said3 ,it is as hard to instruct pride as it is to fill an empty bottle with a cork in it4 ,some men are constitutionally vain4 ,they think all creation converges toward one center1 and they are that center4 ,the rash of conceit commonly runs its course very early in life4 ,with most it is like the prancing and gayety of an untrained colt2 the cure is the plow and harness4 ,failure also is a curative agent1 and so also is success4 ,but chiefly do the ideals rebuke conceit4 ,the imagination is ,god in the soul1 and lifting up the possible achievement1 the glory of what men may become1 shames and makes contemptible what men are4 ,indolence and contentment also antagonize the ideals4 ,men bring together a few generosities and integrities4 ,soul-misers1 men gloat over these1 as money-misers over their shining treasure1 content with the little virtue they have4 ,but no man has a right to fulfill a stagnant career2 life is not to be a puddle1 but a sweet and running stream4 ,no man has a right to rust2 he is bound to keep his tools bright by usage4 ,no man has a right to be paralyzed2 he is bound to enlarge and grow4 ,so ideals come in to compel men to go forward4 ,it is easier to lie down in a thorn hedge1 or to sleep in a field of stinging nettles1 than for a man to abide contentedly as he is while his ideals scourge him upward4 ,chiefly do the malign elements oppose the ideal life4 ,there is enmity between vulgarity and visions4 ,if anger comes1 mirth goes2 when greed is in the ascendency1 generosity is expelled4 ,if1 during a chorus of bird-voices in the forest1 only the shadow of an approaching hawk falls upon the ground1 every sweet voice is hushed4 ,thus1 if but one evil1 hawk-like note is heard in the heart1 all the nobler joys and aspirations depart4 ,the higher life is at enmity with the lower1 and this war is one of extermination4 ,oh1 all ye young hearts6 guard well one rock that is fatal to all excellence4 ,if ever you have broken faith with your ideals1 lift them up and renew faith4 ,cherish ideals as the traveler cherishes the north star1 and keep the guiding light pure and bright and high above the horizon4 ,the vessel may lose its sails and masts1 but if it only keeps its course and compass1 the harbor may be reached4 ,once it loses the star for steering by1 the voyage must end in shipwreck4 ,for when the heroic purpose goes1 all life's glory departs4 ,let no man think the burial of a widow's son the saddest sight on earth4 ,let men not mourn over the laying of the first born under the turf1 as though that were man's chiefest sorrow4 ,earth knows no tragedy like the death of the soul's ideals4 ,therefore1 battle for them as for life itself6 ,the cynic may ridicule them1 because1 having lost his own purity and truth1 he naturally thinks that none are pure or true2 but wise men will take counsel of aspirations and ideals4 ,even low things have power for incitement4 ,no dead tree in the forest so unsightly but that some generous woodbine will wrap a robe of beauty about its nakedness4 ,no cellar so dark but if there is a fissure through which the sunlight falls the plant will reach up its feeble tendrils to be blessed by the warming ray4 ,yet the soul is from ,god1 is higher than vine or tree1 and should aspire toward ,him who stirs these mysterious aspirations in the heart4 ,the soul is like a lost child4 ,it wanders a stranger in a strange land4 ,full oft it is heartsick1 for even the best things content it for but a little while4 ,daily1 mysterious ideals throb and throb within4 ,it struggles with a vagrant restlessness4 ,it goes yearning after what it does not find4 ,a deep1 mysterious hunger rises4 ,it would fain come to itself4 ,in its ideal hours it sees afar off the vision that tempts it on and up toward home and heaven4 ,the secret of man is the secret of his vision hours4 ,these tell him whence he came--and whither he goes4 ,then ,christ became the soul's guide2 ,god's heart1 the soul's home4 ,,the ,,physical ,,basis ,,of ,,character ,health is the vital principle of bliss4--,thompson4 ,good nature is often a mere matter of health4 ,with good digestion men are apt to be good natured2 with bad digestion1 morose4--,beecher4 ,a man so trained in youth that his body is the ready servant of his will1 and does with equal ease and pleasure all the work that as a mechanism it is capable of1--whose intellect is a clear1 cold1 logic-engine1 with all its parts of equal strength and in smooth working order1 ready like a steam engine to be turned to any kind of work1 and spin the gossamers as well as forge the anchors of the mind4--,huxley4 ,finally1 ,i have one advice which is of very great importance4 ,you are to consider that health is a thing to be attended to continually1 as the very highest of all temporal things4 ,there is no kind of an achievement equal to perfect health4 ,what to it are nuggets or millions8--,carlyle's ,address to ,students at ,edinburgh4 ,though ,i look old1 yet ,i am strong and lusty3 ,for in my youth ,i never did apply ,hot and rebellious liquors in my blood3 ,nor did not with unbashful forehead woo ,the means of weakness and debility2 ,therefore my age is as a lusty winter1 ,frosty but kindly4 --,as ,you ,like ,it1 ii3 #c4 ,,iv ,,the ,,physical ,,basis ,,of ,,character ,ancient society looked upon the human body with the utmost veneration4 ,the citizen of ,thebes or ,memphis knew no higher ambition than a competency for embalming his body4 ,men loved unto death and beyond it the physical house in which the soul dwelt4 ,every instinct of refinement and self-respect revolted from the thought of discarding the body like a cast-off garment or worn-out tool4 ,in his dying hour it was little to ,rameses that his career was to be pictured on obelisk and preserved in pyramid1 but it was very much to the ,king that the embalmer should give permanency to the body with which his soul had gone singing1 weeping and loving through three-score years and ten4 ,the papyrus found in the tombs tells us that the soldiers of that far-off age did not fear death itself more than they feared falling in some secluded spot where the body1 neglected and forgotten1 would quickly give its elements back to air and earth4 ,how noble the sentiment that attached dignity and honor to hand and foot6 ,sacred1 doubly sacred1 was the body that had served the soul long and faithfully6 ,the soul is a city1 and as ,thebes had many gateways through which passed great caravans laden with goodly treasure1 so the five senses are gateways through which journey all earth's sights and sounds4 ,through the golden gate of the ear have gone what noble truths1 companying together what messengers of affection1 what sweet friendships4 ,the eye is an ,appian ,way over which have gone all the processions of the seasons4 ,how do hand and vision protect man8 ,hunters use sharp spears for keeping back wild beasts1 but ,livingstone1 armed only with eye beams1 drove a snarling beast into the thicket1 and ,luther1 lifting his great eyes upon an assassin1 made the murderer flee4 ,what flute or harp is comparable for sweetness to the voice8 ,it carries warning and alarm4 ,it will speak for you1 plead for you1 pray for you4 ,truly it is an architect1 fulfilling ,dante's dictum1 piling up mountains of melody4 ,serving the soul well1 the body becomes sacred by service4 ,therefore man loves and guards the physical house in which he lives4 ,always objects and places associated with life's deep joys and sorrows become themselves sacred through these associations4 ,the flock passing through the forest leaves some white threads behind4 ,the bird lines its nest with down from its own bosom4 ,thus the heart1 going forward1 leaves behind some treasure1 and perfumes its path4 ,memory hangs upon the tree the whispered confession made beneath its branches4 ,no palace so memorable as the little house where you were reared1 no charter oak so historic as the trees under which you played1 no river ,nile so notable as the little brook that once sung to your sighing1 no volume or manuscript so precious as the letter and ,testament your dying father pressed into your hand4 ,understanding this principle1 nations guard the manuscript of the sage1 the sword of the general1 the flag stained with heroes' blood4 ,memorable forever the little room where ,milton wrote1 the cottage where ,shakespeare dwelt1 the spot where ,dante dreamed1 the ruin where ,phidias wrought4 ,but no building ever showed such comely handiwork as the temple built by divine skill4 ,god hath made the soul's house fair to look upon4 ,death may close its doors1 darken its windows1 and pull down its pillars2 still1 its very ruins are precious1 to be guarded with jealous care4 ,how sacred the spot where lie the parents that tended us1 the bosom that shielded our infancy1 the hands that carried our weakness everywhither4 ,men will always deem the desecration of the body or the grave blasphemous4 ,the physical house1 standing1 is the temple of ,god2 falling1 it must forever be sacred in man's memory4 ,science teaches us to look upon the body as a thinking machine4 ,as a mental mechanism it exhibits the divine being as an inventor1 who has produced a machine as much superior to ,watt's engine1 as that engine is superior to a clod or stone4 ,in this divine mechanism all intricate and enduring machines are combined in one4 ,imagine an instrument so delicate as to be at once a telescope and microscope1 at one moment witnessing the flight of a sun hundreds of millions of miles away1 then quickly adjusted for seeing the point of the finest needle6 ,imagine a machine that at one and the same moment can feel the gratefulness of the blazing fire1 taste the sweetness of an orange1 experience the sthetic delights of a picture1 recall the events in the careers of the men the artist has delineated1 recognize the entrance of a group of friends1 out of the confusion of tongues lead forth a voice not heard for years1 thrill with elation at the unexpected meeting6 ,the very mention of such an instrument1 combining audiphone1 telephone1 phonograph1 organ1 loom1 and many other mechanisms yet to be invented1 seems like some tale from the ,arabian ,nights4 ,yet the body and brain make up such a wondrous mental loom1 weaving thought-textures called conversations1 poems1 orations1 making the creations of a ,jacquard loom mere child's play4 ,the body is like a vast mental depot with lines running out into all the world4 ,everything outside has a desk inside where it transacts its special line of business4 ,there is a visual desk where sunbeams make up their accounts2 an aural desk where melodies conduct their negotiations2 a memory desk where actions and motives are recorded2 a logical desk where reasons and arguments are received and filed4 ,truly ,god hath woven the bones and sinews that fence the soul about into a mechanism fearfully and wonderfully made4 ,to-day science is writing for us the story of the ascent of the body4 ,scholars perceive that matter has fulfilled its mission now that dust stands erect1 throbbing in a thinking brain1 and beating in a glowing heart4 ,ours is a world wherein ,god hath ordained that acorns should go on toward oaks1 huts become houses1 tents temples1 babes men1 and the generations journey on to that sublime event toward which the whole creation moves4 ,in this long upward march science declares the human body has had its place4 ,professor ,drummond1 famed for his ,christian faith1 in his recent volume tells us that man's body brings forward and combines in itself all the excellencies of the whole lower animal creation4 ,as the locomotive of to-day contains the engine of ,watt and the improvements of all succeeding inventors2 as the ,hoe printing-press contains the rude hand-machine of ,guttenberg and the best features of all the machines that followed it2 so the human body contains the special gift of all earlier and lower forms of animal life4 ,in making a reaper the machinist does not begin with the sickle1 and then unite the hook with the scythe1 afterward joining thereto the rude reaper and so move on through all the improving types4 ,but in the germinal man1 nature does adopt just this method4 ,as the embryo life develops it passes into and through the likeness of each lower animal1 and ever journeying upward carries with it the special grace and gift of each creature it has left behind1 sometimes a bone1 or a muscle1 or a ganglion1 until the excellencies of many lower forms are compacted in the one higher man4 ,in the human body there are now seventy vestigial structures1 e4g41 vermiform appendices1 useful in the lower life but worse than useless in man4 ,when an anatomist discovered an organ in a certain animal he foretold its rudimentary existence in the embryonic man1 and we are told his prophecy was fulfilled through the microscope1 just as the planet ,neptune was discovered after its existence had been predicted from the disturbances produced in the orbit of ,uranus4 ,as some noble gallery owes its supremacy to centuries of toil and represents treasures brought in from every clime and country1 so the human body represents contributions from land and sea1 and members and organs from innumerable creatures that creep and walk and fly4 ,thus man's descent from the animals has been displaced by the ascent of the human body4 ,this is not degradation1 but an unspeakable exaltation4 ,man is fearfully and wonderfully made4 ,god ordained the long upward march for making his body exquisitely sensitive and fitted to be the home of a divine mind4 ,how marvelously does this view enhance the dignity of man1 and clothe ,god with majesty and glory6 ,it is a great thing for the inventor to construct a watch4 ,but what if genius were given some jeweler to construct a watch carrying the power to regulate itself1 and when worn out to reproduce itself in another watch of a new and higher form1 endowing it at the same time with power for handing forward this capacity for self-improvement8 ,is not the wisdom and skill required for making a watch that is self-adjusting1 self-improving1 and self-succeeding vastly more than the wisdom required to construct a simple timepiece8 ,should science finally establish the new view1 already adopted by practically all biologists1 it will but substitute the method of gradualism and an unfolding progression for a human body created by an instantaneous and peremptory fiat4 ,but this is a question for specialists and experts4 ,those scholars who accept this view1 including such thinkers as the late ,president ,mc,cosh1 of ,princeton2 ,dana1 of ,yale2 such teachers as ,caird1 ,drummond1 and scores who could be named1 all renowned for their ,christian belief and life1 find that these new views do not waste faith1 but rather nourish it4 ,formerly men feared and fought ,newton's doctrine of gravity1 trembling lest that principle should destroy belief4 ,to-day many are troubled because of the new views of development4 ,but it is possible for one to believe in evolution1 and still believe in ,god with all the mind and soul and strength4 ,strangely enough1 some are unwilling to have ascended progressively from an animal1 but quite willing to have come up directly from the clod4 ,but either origin is good enough providing man has ascended far enough from the clod and the animal1 and made some approach to the angel4 ,some there are for whom no descent seems possible--they can go no lower2 dwelling now with beasts2 others seem to have made no ascent whatever1 but to be even now upon the plane of things that crawl and creep4 ,let us leave the question to the scientists4 ,by whatever way the body came1 mentality and spirituality have now been engrafted upon it4 ,man is no longer animal1 but spiritual2 and the wondrous development of man upon this side of the grave is the pledge and promise of a long progress beyond the grave1 when the divine spirit by his secret resources shall lead forth from men1 emotions1 dispositions1 and aspirations as much beyond the present thought and life as the tree is beyond the seed and the low-lying roots4 ,in this new view of the human body1 science not only exhibits the growth and perfection of man as the goal toward which ,god has been moving from the first1 but also throws light upon the sinfulness of man and the conflicts that rage within the soul4 ,man is seen to be a double creature4 ,the spirit man rides a man of flesh and is often thrown thereby and trampled under foot4 ,there is a lower animal nature having all the appetites and passions that sustain the physical organization2 but super-imposed thereon1 is a spiritual man1 with reason and moral sentiment1 with affection and faith4 ,the union of the two means strife and conflict2 the doing what one would not do and the leaving undone what one would do4 ,the poet describes the condition by saying3 ,the devil squatted early on human territory1 and ,god sent an angel to dispossess him4 ,the animal nature foams out all manner of passions and lusts4 ,from thence issue also lurid lights and murky streams4 ,but the under man is not the true man4 ,the soldier rides the horse1 but is himself other than his beast4 ,man uses an animal at the bottom1 but man is what he is at the top4 ,sin is the struggle for supremacy between the animal forces and the higher spiritual powers4 ,the passions downstairs must be subordinated to the people upstairs4 ,in some men the animal impulses predominate with terrible force1 and their control is not easy4 ,it is as if a child should try to drive a chariot drawn by forty steeds of the sun4 ,when a man finds that he can not dam back the mountain stream1 nor stop up its springs1 he learns to use the stream by building a mill1 and controlling the pressure of the flood for grinding his corn4 ,similarly1 the problem of life is for the upper man to educate1 control1 and transmute the lower forces into sympathy and service4 ,the combative powers once turned against his fellows must be turned against nature and used for hewing down the forests1 bridging rivers1 piercing mountains4 ,thus every animal force and passion becomes sacred through consecration to mental and spiritual ends and aims4 ,sin therefore ceases to be philosophy or medivalism2 it becomes a concrete personal fact4 ,daily each one comes under its rule and sway4 ,the mind loves truth1 and the body tempts man to break truth4 ,the soul loves honor1 and passion tempts it to deflect its pathway4 ,man goes forth in the morning with all the springs of generosity open2 but before night selfishness has dammed up the hidden springs4 ,in the morning man goes out with love irradiating his face2 he comes back at night sullen and black with hatred and enmity4 ,in the morning the soul is like a young soldier1 parading in stainless white2 at night his garments are begrimed and soiled with self-indulgence and sin4 ,as there is a line along the tropics where two zones meet and breed perpetual storm1 so there is a middle line in man where the animal man meets the spiritual man1 and there is perpetual storm4 ,there clouds never pass away1 and the thunder never dies out of the horizon of time4#c ,this view1 appealing to universal reason1 appeals also to divine help4 ,in his daily strife man needs the brooding presence and constant stimulus of the divine being4 ,man waits for ,god's stimulus as the frozen roots wait the drawing near of ,god's sun4 ,the soul looks ever unto the hills whence cometh its help4 ,in the morning1 at noon1 and at night1 man longs for a deliverer4 ,god is the pledge of the soul's victory over the body4 ,for men floundering in the slough of sin and despond these words1 ,ye may1 ye must be born again1 are sweeter than angel songs falling from the hills of ,paradise4 ,consider the uses of the body4 ,it is ,god's schoolmaster teaching industry1 compelling economy and thrift1 and promoting all the basal moralities4 ,it contains the springs of all material civilization4 ,if we go back to the dawn of history we find that hunger and the desires1 associated with the body1 have been the chief stimulants toward industrial progress4 ,indolence is stagnation4 ,savages in the tropics are torpid and without progress4 ,hunger compels men to ask what food is in the river1 what roots are in the ground1 what fruits are on the trees1 what forces are in the air4 ,the body is peremptory in its demands4 ,hunger carries a stinging scourge4 ,necessity drives out the evil spirits of indolence and torpidity4 ,the early man threading the thickets in search of food chanced upon a sweet plum1 and because the bush grew a long way from his lodge he transplanted the root to a vale near his home4 ,thence came all man's orchards and vineyards4 ,shivering with cold1 man sought out some sheltered cave or hollow tree4 ,but soon the body asked him to hew out a second cave in addition to the one nature had provided4 ,fulfilling its requests1 man went on in the interests of his body to pile stone on stone1 and lift up carved pillars and groined arches4 ,thence came all homes4 ,for the body the sower goes forth to sow1 and the harvester looks forward to the time of sheaves and shoutings4 ,for strengthening the body the shepherd leads forth his flocks and herds1 and for its raiment the weaver makes the looms and spindles fly4 ,for the body all the trains go speeding in and out1 bringing fruits from the sunny south1 and furs from the frozen north4 ,all the lower virtues and integrities spring from its desires4 ,as an engine1 lying loose in a great ship1 would have no value1 but1 fastened down with bolts1 drives the great hull through the water1 so the body fastens and bolts the spirit to field1 forest1 and city1 and makes it useful and productive4 ,material life and civilization may be said to literally rest upon man's bones and sinews4 ,the body is also the channel of all the knowledges4 ,how scant is the child's understanding of the world-house in which he lives6 ,there are shelves enough1 but they are all empty4 ,in the interest of intelligence his mind is sheathed in this sensitive body and the world forces without report themselves to this sensitive nerve mechanism4 ,fire comes in to burn man's fingers and teach him how to make the fire smite vapor from water4 ,cold comes in to nip his ears and pinch his cheeks until he learns the economy of ice1 snow and rain4 ,steel cuts his fingers and the blood oozes out4 ,thenceforth he turns the axe toward the trees and the scythe toward the standing grain4 ,the stone falling bruises him1 compelling a knowledge of gravity and the use of trip-hammer1 weights and pulleys4 ,looking downward the eye discerns the handwriting on the rocks and the mind reads earth's romantic story4 ,looking upward1 the vision runs along the milky way for measuring the starry masses and searching out their movements4 ,the ear strains out sweet sounds1 and ,st4 ,cecilia hears melodies from the sky4 ,bending over the cradle1 the parent marvels at ,god's bounty in the face of a babe4 ,when the little one goes away the parent copies its face in rude colors1 or carves its form in marble4 ,thus all the arts1 sciences and inventions are gifts of the body to man's mental and moral life4 ,there is a beautiful story of a company of celestial beings1 who1 in disguise1 entered an ancient city upon a mission of mercy4 ,departing hurriedly1 in some way a fair young child was left behind and lost4 ,in the morning when men came upon the streets they found a sweet boy with sunny hair sitting upon the steps of the temple4 ,language had he none4 ,he answered questions with streaming eyes and frightened face4 ,while men wondered a slave drew near1 carrying a harp4 ,then the heavenly child signaled for the instrument1 for this language he could speak4 ,he threw his arms about the harp as the child about its mother's neck4 ,he touched one string4 ,upon the hushed air there stole out a note pure1 clear1 and sweet as though amethysts and pearls were melted into liquid melodies4 ,it was music1 but not such music as mortals give to mortals4 ,it was such a song as spirit would sing to spirit1 signaling across the streets of heaven4 ,it was a hymn to the mother whom he had loved and lost4 ,with tearful eye and smiling face the little stranger and the harp together wept1 and laughed1 and sobbed out their grief and song4 ,it was the speech of a child homesick for heaven4 ,what that harp was to the silent boy1 the human body is to man's soul within4 ,the soul teemed with thoughts4 ,fancies surged and thronged within4 ,then ,god gave the soul a body1 as a harp of many strings4 ,through it the soul finds voice and pours forth its rich thoughts and varied emotions4 ,consider1 also1 how nature has ordained the body as a system of moral registration4 ,nature has a record of all men's deeds1 keeping her accounts on fleshly tablets4 ,the mind may forget1 the body never4 ,the brain sees to it that the thoughts within do immediately dispose of facial tissue without4 ,mental brightness gives facial illumination4 ,the right act or true thought sets its stamp of beauty in the features2 the wrong act or foul thought sets its seal of distortion4 ,moral purity and sweetness refine and beautify the countenance4 ,the body is a show window1 advertising and exhibiting the soul's stock of goods4 ,nature condenses bough1 bud and shrub into black coal2 compacts the rich forces of air and sun and soil into peach and pear4 ,in the kingdom of morals1 there are people who seem to be of virtue1 truth and goodness all compact4 ,contrariwise1 every day you will meet men upon our streets who are solid bestiality and villainy done up in flesh and skin4 ,each feature is as eloquent of rascality as an ape's of idiocy4 ,experts skilled in physiognomy need no confession from impish lips1 but read the life-history from page to page written on features dimmed by sensuality1 convulsed by passion1 branded by remorse2 the body consumed with sloth and dishonored with selfish uses2 the bones full of the sins of youth1 the face hideous with secret vices1 the roots dried up beneath and the branches cut off above4 ,it is as natural and necessary for hidden thoughts and deeds to reveal themselves through cuticle as for root or bud in spring to unroll themselves into sight and observation4 ,here and now everything tends to obscure nature's handwriting and to veil it in mist and disguise4 ,but the body is ,god's canvas1 and nature's handwriting goes ever on4 ,each faculty is a brush1 and with it reason thinks out the portrait4 ,even the wolf may give something to the features1 and also the snake and scorpion4 ,soon will come an hour when men will hear not the voice of the sirens singing praises in the ear1 nor the plaudits of men of low deeds and conscience1 but an hour when men shall stand in the presence of the all-revealing light and see themselves as they are and review the life they have embodied and emportraited4 ,happy1 thrice happy1 those who have traversed all life's pathway and come at last to the hour when they stand face to face with themselves1 then to find therein a divine image like unto the comeliness and completion of ,him whose face was transfigured and shone as the light4 ,at length has dawned the day when science strengthens the argument for immortality4 ,the dream of the prophet and seer is confirmed in the light of modern knowledge4 ,each new discovery1 says ,john ,fiske1 but places man upon a higher pinnacle than ever1 and lights the future with the radiant color of hope4 ,leaving his body behind1 man journeys on toward an immortal destiny4 ,science has emptied a thousand new meanings into the words of ,socrates3 ,the destruction of the harp does not argue the death of the harpist4 ,nature decrees that the flower must fall when the fruit swells4 ,if the winged creature is to come forth and increase1 the chrysalis must perish and decrease4 ,when the long journey is over it is natural that the box in which the richly carved and precious statue is packed should be tossed aside4 ,swiftly youth goes on toward maturity1 age toward old age1 and the scythe awaits all4 ,but sickness and trouble can do nothing more than dim the eye1 dull the ear1 weaken the hand4 ,dying and death avail not for injuring reason1 affection1 or hope1 or love4 ,at the close of a long and arduous career the famous ,lyman ,beecher passed under a mental cloud4 ,the great man became as a little child4 ,one day after his son1 ,henry ,ward1 had preached a striking sermon1 his father entered the pulpit and beginning to speak wandered in his words4 ,with great tenderness the preacher laid his hand upon his father's shoulder and said to the audience3 ,my father is like a man who1 having long dwelt in an old house1 has made preparations for entering a new and larger home4 ,anticipating a speedy removal1 he sent on beforehand much of his soul-furniture4 ,when later the day of removal was postponed the interval seemed so brief as to render it unnecessary to bring back his mental goods4 ,oh1 beautiful words describing those whose strength is declining1 whose spirit is ebbing and senses failing1 because ,god is packing up their soul-furniture that they may be ready for the long journey that awaits us all4 ,but man's journey is not unto the grave4 ,dying is transmutation4 ,dying is not folding of the wings2 but pluming the pinions for new and larger flight4 ,dying is not striking an unseen rock1 but a speedy entrance into an open harbor4 ,death is no enemy1 letting the arrow fly toward one who sits at life's banquet-table4 ,death is a friend coming on an errand of release and divine convoy4 ,for ,god's children to be death-called is to be ,god-called2 to be ,god-called is to be ,christ-found2 to be ,christ-found is hope and home and heaven4 ,,footnotes3 #c ,see ,symposium on ,evolution1 ,homiletic ,review1 ,may1 #ahid4 ,,the ,,mind3 ,,and ,,the ,,duty ,,of ,,right ,,thinking ,all ye who possess the power of thought1 prize it well6 ,remember that its flight is infinite2 it winds about over so many mountain tops1 and so runs from poetry to eloquence1 it so flies from star to star1 it so dreams1 so loves1 so aspires1 so hangs both over mystery and fact1 that we may well call it the effort of man to explore the home1 the infinite palace of his heavenly ,father4--,swing4 ,men with empires in their brains4--,lowell4 ',tis the mind that makes the body rich4--,taming of the ,shrew4 ,like thoughts whose very sweetness yieldeth proof ,that they were born for immortality4--,wordsworth4 ,neither years nor books have yet availed to extirpate a prejudice then rooted in me that a scholar is the favorite of heaven and earth1 the excellency of his country1 the happiest of men4--,emerson4 ,happy is the man that findeth wisdom1 for the merchandise of it is better than the merchandise of silver1 and the gain thereof than fine gold4--,solomon4 ,v ,,the ,,mind2 ,,and ,,the ,,duty ,,of ,,right ,,thinking ,with fine imagery the seer of old likened the mind unto a tree4 ,the tree shakes down its fruits1 and the mind sheds forth its thoughts4 ,the boughs of the one will cover the land with forests2 the faculties of the other will sow the world with harvests that blight or harvests that bless4 ,the measure of personal worth1 therefore1 is the number and quality of thoughts issuing from man's mind4 ,for all the doing called commerce1 and all the speaking called conversation and books1 begin with the thinking called ideas4 ,each thing was first a thought4 ,a loom is ,arkwright's thought dressed up in iron clothes4 ,books are the scholar's thoughts caught and fastened upon the white page4 ,as our planet and the harvests that cover it are the thoughts of ,god rushing into visible expression1 so all houses and ships1 all cities and institutions1 are man's inner thoughts1 taking on outer and material embodiment4 ,when thoughts compacted into habits have determined character and destiny for the individual1 they go on and secure their social progress4 ,when ,god would order a great upward movement for society1 ,he drops a great idea into the mind of some leader4 ,such energies divine have these thoughts that they create new epochs in history4 ,through ,luther the thought of liberty in church and state set tyrants trembling and thrones tottering4 ,through ,cromwell the thought of personal rights became a weapon powerful enough utterly to destroy that citadel of iniquity named the divine right of kings4 ,it was a great moral thought called the ,golden ,rule that shotted the cannon of the ,north for victory and spiked the cannon of the ,south for defeat4 ,measureless is the might of a moral idea4 ,it exceeds the force of earthquakes and the might of tidal waves4 ,the reason why no scholar or historian can forecast the events and institutions of the next century is that none can tell what great idea ,god will drop into the soul of some man ordained to be its voice and prophet4 ,now the omnipotence of thoughts is not without reason4 ,man is the child of genius because he is the child of ,god4 ,those beautiful words1 made in ,his image1 tell us that the human mechanism is patterned after the divine4 ,reason and memory in man answer to those faculties in ,god1 as do conscience and the moral sentiments4 ,in creative genius man alone is a sharer with ,god4 ,as the ,infinite ,one passing through space leaves behind those shining footsteps called suns and stars1 glowing and sparkling upon planets innumerable1 so man's mind1 moving through life1 leaves behind a pathway all shining with books1 laws1 liberties and homes4 ,of all the wonderful things ,god hath made1 man the wonderer is himself the most wonderful4 ,no casket owned by a king1 filled with gems and sparkling jewels1 ever held such treasure as ,god hath put into this casket of bones and sinew4 ,the imagination cannot paint in colors too rich this being1 who is a miniature edition of infinity4 ,it is not fiction1 but fact1 to say that reason is a loom2 only where ,jacquard's mechanism weaves a few yards of silk and satin1 reason weaves conversation1 sympathy1 songs1 poems1 eloquence--textures all immortal4 ,and memory is a gallery2 only where the ,louvre holds a few pictures of the past1 memory waving her wonder-working wand brings back all faces1 living and dead1 causing mountains and battle-fields1 with all distant scenes1 to pass before the mind in solemn procession4 ,the ,bank of ,england has indeed a mechanism that tests coins and throws out all light weights4 ,but judgment is an instrument testing things invisible1 weighing arguments and motives1 testing principles and characters4 ,and the desires1 are they not like unto the richly laden argosies of commerce8 ,and fancy1 hath it not the skill of artist and architect8 ,imagination1 working in the realm of the useful1 turns iron into engines4 ,imagination1 working in realms of the beautiful1 turns pigments into pictures4 ,imagination1 working in the realms of thought1 can turn things true into sciences1 and things good into ethical systems4 ,well did the philosopher say that the greatest star is the one standing at the little end of the telescope1 the one looking1 not looked at nor looked for4 ,when some ,agassiz dredging the ,atlantic tells us what animals lived there a million years ago1 the scientist's mind seems an abyss deeper than the sea itself2 and when ,tyndall1 climbing to the top of the ,matterhorn1 reads on that rock-page all the events of the ancient world1 the mountain is dwarfed to an ant hill and becomes insignificant in the presence of the mountain-minded scholar4 ,hunters tell us that when crossing a swamp they leap from one hummock of grass to another4 ,but ,herschel and ,proctor1 exploring the heavenly world1 step from star to star4 ,the husbandman1 squeezing a cluster of grapes in his cup1 does but interpret to us the way in which the scholar squeezes planets and suns to brim the cup of knowledge for man's thirsting soul4 ,this vast and wondrous world without is matched by man's rich and various mind within6 ,well did ,emerson exclaim1 ,man1 thou palace of sight and sound1 carrying in thy senses the nights and mornings1 the summers and winters2 carrying in thy brain the geometry of the ,city of ,god1 in thy heart all the bowers of love1 and all the realms of right and wrong4 ,such being the nature of the mind1 consider its prodigious fruitfulness in thought4 ,if all the processes of the mind were reduced to material volume1 the thoughts of each moment would fill a page1 the thoughts of each hour would fill a chapter1 the thoughts of each day would fill a volume1 the emotions of a year would fill a small library of many volumes4 ,value might be wanting1 but not bulk4 ,it is given to the eye to behold the harvests wrought by the secret force of roots and sunbeams4 ,but if all the products of the soul could be made visible to the eye and ear1 how marvelous would be these exhalations1 rising and filling all the air4 ,were all the emotions and passions and dreams of one single day fully revealed1 what dramas would there be beyond all the tragedies man's hand hath ever indicated6 ,consider what fertility the mind hath6 ,consider how many trains of thought reason takes up each hour4 ,consider all that belongs to a man as an animal1 his fears and passions1 defensory in nature4 ,consider his social equipment1 with all the possible moods and combinations of affections4 ,consider the vast activities of his reason working outward1 and the imagination working upward4 ,sometimes in the morning man's thoughts are for number and strength like unto the strength of armies4 ,sometimes in the night his aspirations exhale heavenward with all the purity and beauty of the clouds4 ,consider also how life's conflicts and warfare inflame man's faculties and hasten their process4 ,consider how courage1 despondency1 hope and fear1 friendship and enmity1 increase the activities4 ,consider man's ambitions--steeds of the sun with incredible swiftness dragging forward the soul's chariot4 ,consider the rivalries among men4 ,what intensities of thought are induced thereby6 ,consider that toward one's friends the mind sends forth thoughts that are almoners of bounty and angels of mercy4 ,but consider that man is over against his enemy1 with a mind like unto a walled city filled with armed men4 ,consider how in life's conflicts1 thoughts become the swords of anger1 the clubs of envy1 stings for hissing hatred4 ,consider that in times of great excitement the soul literally blazes and burns1 exhaling emotions and thoughts as a planet exhales light and heat4 ,wondrous the power of the loom newly invented1 that with marvelous swiftness weaves in silk figures of flowers and trees and birds4 ,but the uttermost speed of those flying shuttles is slowness itself compared to the swiftness of the mental loom1 that without noise or clangor weaves fabrics eternal out of the warp and woof of affection and thought1 of passion and purpose4 ,consider that every man is not simply two men1 but a score of men4 ,all the climatic disturbances in nature1 all distemperatures through heat and cold1 wet and dry1 summer and winter1 do but answer in number and variety to the moods in man's brain4 ,not the all-producing summer is so rich in bounty as the mind is rich in thought when working its regnant and creative moods4 ,vast are the buildings man's hands have reared2 sweet are the songs man's mind hath sung2 lovely the faces man's hand hath painted2 but the silent songs the soul hears1 the invisible pictures the mind sees1 the secret buildings the imagination rears1 these are a thousand-fold more beautiful than any as yet embodied in this material world4 ,the ,spanish have a proverb that ,he who sows thoughts will reap acts1 habits1 and character1 for destiny itself is determined by thinking4 ,life is won or lost by its master thoughts4 ,as nothing reveals character like the company we like and keep1 so nothing foretells futurity like the thoughts over which we brood4 ,it was said of ,john ,keats that his face was the face of one who had seen a vision4 ,so long had his inner eye been fixed upon beauty1 so long had he loved that vision splendid1 so long had he lived with it1 that not only did his soul take on the loveliness of what he contemplated1 but the very lines of the poet's face were chiseled into beauty by those sculptors called thoughts and ideals4 ,when ,wordsworth speaks of the girl's beauty as born of murmuring sound1 the poet indicates his belief that the girl's long love of the sweet briar and the thrush's song1 her tender care of her favorite flowers1 had ended in the saturation of her own face with sweetness4 ,swiftly do we become like the thoughts we love4 ,scholars have noticed that old persons who have lived long together1 'midst sunshine and 'midst cloudy weather1 come at length to look as nearly alike as do brother and sister3 ,emerson explains this likeness by saying that long thinking the same thoughts and loving the same objects mould similarity into the features4 ,nor is there any beauty in the face of youth or maiden that can long survive sourness in the disposition or discontent in the heart4 ,contrariwise1 all have seen faces very plain naturally that have become positively radiant because the beautiful soul that is enmeshed in and stands behind the muscles has shone through and beautified all of the facial tissues4 ,two of our great novelists have made a special study of the architectural power of thoughts4 ,dickens exhibits ,monks as beginning his career as an innocent and beautiful child2 but as ending his life as a mass of solid bestiality1 a mere chunk of fleshed iniquity4 ,it was thinking upon vice and vulgarity that transformed the angel's face into the countenance of a demon4 ,hawthorne has made a similar study of ,chillingworth1 whose moral deterioration began through evil thinking when face and physique were fully matured4 ,chillingworth stood forth in middle life a thoughtful1 earnest1 and just man2 but1 during his absence1 he suffered a grievous wrong4 ,not knowing the identity of his enemy1 the physician came to suspect his friend4 ,by skillful questions he digged into ,dimmesdale's heart as the sexton might delve into the grave in search of a possible jewel upon a dead man's breast4 ,when suspicion had strengthened into certainty1 enmity became hatred4 ,then1 for two years1 ,chillingworth tortured his victim as once inquisitors tortured men by tweaking the flesh with red-hot pincers4 ,soon the face of the physician1 once so gentle and just1 took on an aspect sinister and malign4 ,children feared him1 men shivered in his presence--they knew not why4 ,once the magistrate saw the light glimmering in his eyes with flames that burned blue1 like the ghastly fire that darted out of ,bunyan's awful doorway on the hillside and quivered in the ,pilgrim's face4 ,all this is ,hawthorne's way of telling us how thoughts determine character and shape destiny4 ,he who thinks of mean and ugly things will soon show mud in the bottom of his eye4 ,ugliness within soon fouls the facial tissues4 ,but he who thinks of things true and just and lovely will1 by his thinking1 be transformed into the image of the ideal he contemplates1 even as the rose becomes red by exposing its bosom to the sunbeams and soaking each petal in the sun's fine rays4 ,not only are thoughts the builders of character for the individual2 they are also the architects of states and nations4 ,all this wonderful fabric lying over our land like a beautiful garment is a fabric spun and woven out of ideas4 ,each outer substance was builded by an inner sentiment4 ,what the eye sees are stone and brick and iron united by masons and carpenters1 but the forces that hold these material things together are not iron bands1 but thoughts and beliefs4 ,destroy the life-nerve running up through the tree1 and the rings of wood will soon fall apart4 ,destroy the thoughts and beliefs of our people1 and its homes1 colleges and institutions will decline and decay4 ,thrust a million ,mohammedans into our land1 and their inner thoughts will realize themselves in mosques1 minarets1 and harems4 ,but thrust a million ,americans into ,asia ,minor and straightway their thoughts will take on these visible shapes called houses and factories1 temples of learning1 altars of praise and prayer4 ,for what we call ,saxon civilization is only a magnificent incarnation of a certain mental type and a moral character4 ,not only individuals1 but nations are such stuff as thoughts are made of4 ,in his famous story of archery ,virgil represents ,acestes as shooting his arrow with such force that it took fire as it flew and went up into the air all aflame1 thus opening from the place where the archer stood a pathway of light into the heavens4 ,now it is given to man's thoughts to fulfill this beautiful story1 in that they open up shining pathways along which the human steps may move4 ,on the practical side1 it is by the thinking alone that man solves his bread-winning problem4 ,standing1 each in his place1 using his strongest faculty and working in the line of least resistance1 each must conquer for himself food and support4 ,to say that society owes us a living or to consume more than we produce is to sink to the level of pauper and parasite4 ,the successful man is one whose thoughts about his bread-winning problem have been wise thoughts2 paupers and tramps1 with their hunger and rags1 are men who have thought foolishly about how they could best earn a livelihood4 ,he who has one strong faculty1 the using of which would give delight and success1 yet passes it by1 to use a weaker faculty1 is doomed to mediocrity and heart-breaking failure4 ,the eagle has powerful muscles under the wings1 but slender and feeble legs2 the fawn lacks the weight of the draught horse1 but has limbs for swiftness4 ,now1 if an eagle should become a competitor in a walking race and if the fawn should enter the list of draught horses1 we should have that which answers precisely to the way in which some men seek to gain their livelihood1 by tying up their strongest gift and using their feeblest faculties4 ,when it is said that only five merchants out of a hundred succeed we perceive that the great majority of men do not think to any purpose in choosing an occupation4 ,recalling his friends who had misfitted themselves1 ,sidney ,smith once said3 ,if we represent the occupations of life by holes in a table1 some round1 some square1 some oblong1 and persons by bits of wood of like shapes1 we shall generally find that the triangular person has got into the square hole1 the oblong into the triangular1 while the square person has squeezed himself into the round hole4 ,for lack of wise thinking beforehand1 multitudes have died of broken hearts midst failure and misery who might have achieved great happiness and success had they used their thoughts in choosing their life-work4 ,he who approaches his task with a leaden heart is out of the race before he is in it4 ,success means that the heart loves what the hand does4 ,the bread-winning problem is the one that touches us first and most closely1 and to wise thoughts only is it given to solve that problem4 ,the number and value of our thoughts determine a man's value to society4 ,no investments bring so high a rate of interest as investments of brain4 ,hand work earns little1 but head work much4 ,in a ,western camp one miner put his lower brain into the pickaxe and earned #b4jj a day2 another miner put his higher brain into the stamp-mill and soon was receiving a score of dollars daily for his work2 a third youth1 toiling in the same mine1 put his genius into an electric process for extracting ore1 and sold his invention for a fortune4 ,it seems that wealth was not in the pick1 but in the thoughts that handled it4 ,had ,god intended man to do his work through the body1 man's legs would have been long enough to cover leagues at a stride1 his biceps would have been strong enough to turn the crank for steamships1 his back would have been ,atlantean for carrying freight cars across the plains4 ,but1 instead of giving man long legs1 ,god gave him a mind able to make locomotives4 ,instead of telescopic eyes1 he gave man mind to invent far-seeing glasses4 ,instead of a thousand fingers for weaving1 he gave man five fingers and genius for inventing a thousand steel fingers to do his spinning4 ,wealth is not in things1 but in the brain that shapes raw material4 ,vast was the sum of gold taken out of ,california1 but this nation might well pay down a hundred ,californias for a man to invent a process to make coal drive the engine without the intervention of steam4 ,that inventor would enable the street cars for one cent to carry the people of the tenement-house district ten miles into the country in ten minutes1 and thereby1 through sunshine and fresh air and solitude1 would solve a hundred problems that now vex the statesman and the moralist4 ,a young botanist in ,kansas has just announced his purpose to cross the milkweed and the strawberry1 so that hereafter strawberries and cream may grow upon the same bush4 ,his task may be doomed to failure1 but that youth at least understands that thought turned the wild rice into wheat2 thought turned the sweet briar into the crimson rose2 brains mixed the pigments for ,paul ,veronese1 and gave the canvas worth a few florins the value of tens of thousand of dollars4 ,already wise thoughts have turned the barbarian into a gentleman and citizen1 and some glad day thoughts will crown man with the attributes and qualities of ,god4 ,of old1 the ,greek philosopher described the origin of man4 ,one day ,ceres1 in crossing a stream1 saw a human face emerging from the soil4 ,it was the face of a man4 ,standing by this earth-born creature1 the goddess extricated his head and chest2 but left his legs fastened in the soil4 ,now1 the invisible friends that free man from his earth fetters are those divine visitors called ideas and thoughts4 ,god hath made thoughts to be golden chariots1 in which the soul is swept upward into the heavenly heights4 ,when thoughts have sown man's pathway with happiness and peace they go on to determine character and futurity4 ,each life memorable for goodness and nobility has for its motive power some noble thought4 ,each hero has climbed up to immortality upon those golden rounds called good thoughts4 ,here is that cathedral spirit1 ,john ,milton4 ,in his loneliness and blindness his mind was his kingdom4 ,he loved to think of things true and pure and of good report4 ,oft at midnight upon the poet's ear there fell the sound of celestial music1 that afterward he transposed into his ,paradise ,regained4 ,dying1 it was given him to proudly say3 ,i am not one of those who have disgraced beauty of sentiment by deformity of conduct1 nor the maxims of the freeman by the actions of the slave1 but by the grace of ,god1 ,i have kept my soul unsullied4 ,here is the immortal ,bunyan1 spending his best years in ,bedford jail because he insisted on giving men the message ,god had first given him2 but he1 too1 opened his mind only to good thoughts4 ,for him1 also1 dawned the heavenly vision4 ,as the prison doors opened before ,peter and the angel1 so the dungeon walls parted before his thoughts4 ,walking about in glad freedom1 he crossed the portals of the ,palace ,beautiful4 ,from its marble steps he saw afar off the ,delectable ,mountains4 ,hard by ran the ,river of the ,water of ,life4 ,the breezes of the hills of ,paradise cooled his hot temples and lifted his hair4 ,his regal thoughts crowned the ,bedford tinker and made him king in ,english literature4 ,here also is the carpenter's ,son rising before each earthly pilgrim like a star in the night4 ,a man of truly colossal intellect1 incomparable as ,he strides across the realms and ages1 yet always thinking the gentlest1 kindliest thoughts2 thoughts of mildness as well as of majesty2 thoughts of humanity as well as divinity4 ,his thoughts were medicines for hurt hearts2 ,his thoughts were wings to all the low-flying2 ,his thoughts freed those who had been snared in the thickets2 ,his thoughts set an angel down beside each cradle2 ,his thoughts of the incarnation rendered the human body forever sacred2 ,his thoughts of the grave sanctified the tomb4 ,dying and rising1 ,his thoughts clove an open pathway through the sky4 ,taught by ,him1 the people have learned to think--not only great thoughts1 but good ones1 and also how to turn thoughts into life4 ,bringing their thoughts to ,god1 ,god has turned thinking into character4 ,each spinner who in modesty and fidelity tends his loom1 spins indeed1 garments for others1 but also weaves himself invisible garments of everlasting life4 ,each shipbuilder fastening his timbers together with honest thoughts will find that his thoughts have become ships carrying him over the sea to the harbor of ,god4 ,each worker putting integrity into gold and silver will find that he has carved his own character into a beauty beyond that of gems and sapphires4 ,for his thoughts drag into futurity after them4 ,so deeply was ,st4 ,george ,mivart impressed by this that he said3 ,the old pauper woman whom ,i saw to-day in the poorhouse1 in her hunger saving her apple to give to the little orphan just brought in1 and unraveling her stocking and bending her twisted old fingers to knit its yarn into socks for the blue feet of the child will1 ,i verily believe1 begin her life at death with more intellectual genius--mark the words1 intellectual genius--than will begin that second life any statesman or prime minister or man famed in our day4 ,for ,i know of none who hath been faithful in his much after the fashion of the pauper woman's fidelity with her little4 ,for intellect weighs light as punk against the gold of character4 ,should ,god give us to choose between goodness and genius1 we may well say1 ,give genius to ,lucifer1 let mine be the better part4 ,intellect is cold as the ice-palace in ,quebec4 ,heart-broken and weary-worn by life's battle1 men draw near to some great-hearted men1 as pilgrims crowd close to the winter's fire4 ,men neither draw their chairs close around a block of ice1 nor about a brilliant intellect4 ,our quarrel with the foolish scientist is that he makes ,god out as infinite brain4 ,we rejoice at the revelation of ,christ1 because ,he portrays ,god as heart and not genius4 ,god be thanked for great thoughts1 but a thousand times more1 ,god be praised for good thoughts6 ,they are fuel for the fires of enthusiasm4 ,they are rudders that guide us heavenward4 ,they are seeds for great harvests of joy4 ,they fulfill the tale of the fairies who in the night while men slept bridged chasms1 builded palaces1 laid out streets and lined them with homes1 built the city around with walls4 ,for every thought is a builder1 every purpose a mansion1 and every affection a carpenter4 ,as the builders of the ,cologne ,cathedral were guided by the plan and pattern of ,von ,rile1 so man's thoughts are builded after that matchless model1 ,jesus ,christ4 ,and while our thoughts work1 ,his thoughts work1 also adding beauty to the soul's strength4 ,in the olden tale the artist pupil through very weariness fell asleep before the picture that disappointed him4 ,while he slept his master stole into the room1 and with a few swift touches corrected the errors and brought out the lines of lustrous beauty1 kindling new hope within the boy's heart4 ,and there are unexpected providences in life1 strange influences1 interventions and voices in the night4 ,these events over which we have no control1 these thoughts of the ,master above1 shape us not less than the thoughts that build from within4 ,it seems that not one1 but two are working upon the soul's structure4 ,as one day in the presence of his master ,michael ,angelo pulled down the scaffolding in the ,sistine ,chapel1 and the workmen cleared away the ropes and plaster and litter1 and looking up men saw the faces of angels and seraphs1 with their lustrous and immortal beauty1 so some glad day will that angel named ,death pull down life's scaffolding and set forever in the sunlight that structure built of thoughts1 the stately mansion reared in the mind1 the building not made with hands1 the character1 eternal in the heavens4 ,,the ,,moral ,,uses ,,of ,,memory ,without memory1 man is a perpetual infant4--,locke4 ,the memory plays a great part in ranking men4 ,quintilian reckoned it the measure of genius4 ,the poets represented the muses as the daughters of memory4--,emerson4 ,recollection is the only paradise from which we cannot be turned out4--,richter4 ,a land of promise1 a land of memory1 ,a land of promise flowing with the milk ,and honey of delicious memories4 --,tennyson4 ,i have a room wherein no one enters save ,i myself alone2 ,there sits a blessed memory on a throne4 ,there my life centers4 --,c4,g4 ,rosetti4 ,,vi ,,the ,,moral ,,uses ,,of ,,memory ,the soul is a monarch whose rule includes three realms4 ,its throne is in the present1 but its scepter extends backward over yesterday and forward over to-morrow4 ,the divinity that presides over the past is memory2 to-day is ruled by reason1 to-morrow is under the regency of hope4 ,in every age memory has been an unpopular goddess4 ,the poet ,byron pictures this divinity as sitting sorrowing midst mouldering ruins and withering leaves4 ,but the orators unveil the future as a tropic realm1 magical1 mysterious and surpassingly rich4 ,the temple where hope is worshiped is always crowded2 her shrines are never without gifts of flowers and sweet songs4 ,but at length has come a day when man perceives that the vast treasure to which the present has fallen heir was bequeathed by that friend called yesterday4 ,the soul increases in knowledge and culture1 because as it passes through life's rich fields memory plucks the ripe treasure on either hand1 leaving behind no golden sheaf4 ,philosophy1 therefore1 opposes that form of poetry that portrays yesterday by the falling tower1 the yellow leaf1 the setting sun4 ,memory is a gallery holding pictures of the past4 ,memory is a library holding wisdom for to-morrow's emergencies4 ,memory is a banqueting-hall on whose walls are the shields of vanquished enemies4 ,memory is a granary holding bread for to-morrow's hunger1 seed for to-morrow's sowing4 ,that man alone has a great to-morrow who has back of him a multitude of great yesterdays4 ,aristotle used memory as a measure of genius4 ,he believed that every great man was possessed of a great memory in his own department4 ,he was the great artist whose mind searched out and whose memory retained the beauty of each sweet child1 the loveliness of each maiden and mother4 ,he was the great scientist who remembered all the facts1 forgot no exception1 and grouped all under laws4 ,the great orator was he whose memory stood ready to furnish all truths gleaned from books and conversation1 from travel and experience--weapons these with which the orator faces his hearers in a noble cause1 controls and conquers them4 ,after driving through ,windsor ,park1 ,dor1 the artist1 recognized his debt to memory by observing that he could recall every tree he had passed1 and draw each shrub from memory4 ,we are indebted to the mechanical genius of ,watt for the steam engine2 but1 before beginning his work1 the inventive faculty asked memory to bring forward all objects1 forces and facts suggested by and relating to that steaming tea kettle4 ,genius cannot create without material upon which to work4 ,it is given to the eye and the ear and the reason to obtain the facts2 memory stores these treasures away until they are needed2 and1 selecting therefrom1 the inventive faculty fashions physical things into tools1 beautiful things into pictures1 ideas into intellectual philosophies1 morals into ethical systems4 ,the architect is helpless unless he remembers where are the quarries and what their kinds2 where the marbles and what their colors2 where the forests and what their trees4 ,thus all the creative minds1 from ,phidias to ,shakespeare1 have united strength of memory with fertility of invention4 ,as the ,gobelin tapestry1 depicting the siege of ,troy1 is woven out of myriads of tinted threads1 so each ,hamlet and each ,in ,memoriam is an intellectual texture woven out of ideas and aspirations furnished by memory4 ,indeed1 without this faculty there could be no knowledge or culture4 ,destroy memory and man would remain a perpetual infant4 ,because the mind carries forward each new idea and experience1 there comes a day when the youth stands forth a master in his chosen craft or profession4 ,it is memory that unifies man's life and thought1 and binds all his experiences into one bundle4 ,in a large sense civilization itself is a kind of racial memory4 ,moving backward toward the dawn of history1 we come to a time when man stood forth as a savage1 his house a cave1 his clothes a leather girdle1 his food locusts and berries4 ,but to-day he is surrounded by home1 and books and pictures1 by looms and trains and ships4 ,now yesterday was the friend that gave man all this rich treasure4 ,we pluck clusters from vines other generations planted4 ,we ride in trains and ships other thinkers invented4 ,we admire pictures and statues other hands painted and carved4 ,our happiness is through laws and institutions for which other multitudes died4 ,we sing songs that the past did write1 and speak a language that generations long dead did fashion4 ,when ,de ,tocqueville visited our country1 he journeyed westward until he stood upon the very frontier of civilization4 ,before him lay the forests and prairies1 stretching for thousands of miles toward the setting sun4 ,but what impressed him most deeply was the civilization behind him1 reaching to the ,atlantic--a civilization including towns and villages1 with free institutions1 with schoolroom and church and library4 ,with joy he reflected that the mental and moral harvests behind him were sufficient to sow the vast unconquered land with treasure4 ,thus each to-day is a frontier line upon which the soul stands4 ,it is the necessity of life for man to journey backward into the past for food and seed with which to sow the unconquered future4 ,for each individual yesterday holds the beginnings of art and architecture4 ,yesterday holds the beginnings of reform and philanthropy4 ,yesterday contains the rise and victory of freedom4 ,yesterday holds the first schoolroom and college and library4 ,yesterday holds the cross and all its victories over ignorance and sin4 ,yesterday is a river pouring its rich floods forward1 lending majesty and momentum to all man's enterprises4 ,yesterday is a temple whose high domes and wide walls and flaming altars other hands and hearts have built4 ,for the individual1 memory is a granary for mental treasure2 and1 for the race1 civilization is a kind of social memory4 ,consider the task laid upon memory4 ,the activity and fruitfulness of the human mind are immeasurable4 ,reason does not so much weave thoughts as exhale them4 ,objects march in caravans through the eye gate and the ear gate1 each provoking its own train of thought4 ,and the unconscious processes of the mind are of even greater number4 ,the silent songs that genius hears1 the invisible pictures that genius paints1 the hidden castles that genius builds--no building of a city without can compare for wonder and beauty and richness with the building processes of the soul within4 ,if some angelic reporter could reduce all man's thoughts to physical volume1 how vast the book would be6 ,thoughts do not go single1 but march in armies4 ,feelings and aspirations move like flocks of caroling songsters4 ,desires swarm forth from the soul like bees from a hive4 ,the soul is a city through whose gates troop innumerable caravans1 bearing treasure within1 carrying treasure forth without4 ,no ,great ,eastern ever carried a cargo that was comparable for vastness and richness with that voyaging forward in the mind4 ,now the power and skill of ,god is nowhere more manifest than in this4 ,he has endowed the mind with full power to carry forward all its joys1 its friendships and victories4 ,it is given to man to journey in a single summer over that pathway along which the human race has walked4 ,for happiness and culture the traveler lingers by some ,runnymede or ,marston ,moor2 stays by castle or cathedral1 remains long in gallery or museum4 ,it is the necessity of his body for the traveler to leave the mountain behind him when he returns to the city in the plain4 ,but it is the privilege of the mind to take up these sights and scenes and carry them away as so much treasure made portable by memory4 ,by a secret process mountains and valleys and palaces are reduced in size1 photographed and put away ready to be enlarged to the original proportions4 ,we have already heard of the inventor who planned an engine that laid its track and took it up again while it journeyed forward4 ,but this mechanical dream is literally fulfilled in memory4 ,grown old and blind1 each ,milton may pass before his mind all the panorama of the past1 to find the events of childhood more helpful in memory than they were in reality4 ,looking backward1 ,longfellow reflected that the paths of childhood had lost their roughness2 each way was bordered with flowers2 sweet songs were in the air2 the old home was more beautiful than king's palaces that had opened to his manhood's touch4 ,similarly1 ,dante1 storm-beaten1 harassed1 weary of selfishness1 voyaged and traveled into that foreign land that he called youth4 ,there he hid himself until the storms were passed4 ,for him memory held so much that was bright and beautiful that it became to him a portfolio of engravings1 a gallery of pictures1 a palace of many chambers4 ,hidden therein1 earth's troubles became as harmless as hail and snow upon tiled castle roofs4 ,men wonder oft how statesmen and generals and reformers1 oppressed beyond endurance1 have borne up under their burdens4 ,this is their secret3 they have sheltered themselves in the past1 found medicines in memory1 bathed themselves in old-time scenes that refreshed and cleansed away life's grime4 ,from the chill of arctic enmity1 it is given to the soul through memory to rise above the storm and cold and in a moment to enter the tropic atmosphere of noble friendship1 where are fragrance and beauty1 perpetual warmth and wealth4 ,it was a favorite principle with ,socrates that the lesser man never comprehends the latent strength in his reason or imagination until he witnesses its skill in the greatest4 ,he implies that the eloquence1 art1 and skill that crown the children of genius exist in rudimentary form in all men4 ,in order1 therefore1 to understand memory in its ordinary processes1 let us consider its functions in those in whom it is unique4 ,fortunately scholars in every age have preserved important facts concerning the power of recollection4 ,the classic orators contain repeated reference to traveling singers1 who could recite the entire ,iliad and ,odyssey4 ,in his ,declamations1 speaking of the inroads disease had made upon him1 ,seneca remarks that he could speak two thousand words and names in the order read to him1 and that one morning he listened to the reading of two hundred verses of poetry1 and in the afternoon recited them in their order and without mistake4 ,muretus remarks that the stories of ,seneca's memory seemed to him almost incredible1 until he witnessed a still more marvelous occurrence4 ,the sum of his statement is that at ,padua there dwelt a young ,corsican1 a brilliant and distinguished student of civil law4 ,having heard of his marvelous faculty of memory a company of gentlemen requested from him an exhibition of his power4 ,six ,venetian noblemen were judges1 though there were many other witnesses of the feat4 ,muretus dictated words1 ,latin1 ,greek1 barbaric1 disconnected and connected1 until he wearied himself and the man who wrote them down1 and the audience who were present4 ,afterward the young man repeated the entire list of words in the same order1 then backward1 then every other word1 then every fifth word1 etc41 and all without error4 ,sir ,william ,hamilton says that the librarian for the ,grand ,duke of ,tuscany read every book and pamphlet in his master's library and took a mental photograph of each page4 ,when asked where a certain passage was to be found1 he would name the alcove1 shelf1 book1 page containing the passage in question4 ,scaliger1 the scholar1 who has been called the most learned man that ever lived1 committed the ,iliad to memory in three weeks and mastered all the ,greek poets in four months4 ,ben ,jonson could repeat all he had ever written and many volumes he had read1 as could ,niebuhr1 the historian4 ,macaulay believed that he had never forgotten anything he had ever read1 seen1 or thought4 ,coleridge tells of an ignorant family servant1 who in moments of unconsciousness through fever1 recited passages of ,greek and ,hebrew4 ,the explanation was that the servant had been long in the family of an old clergyman whose habit it was to read aloud the ,bible in the originals4 ,physicians have noted instances where a foreigner coming to this country at the age of four or five has completely forgotten his native tongue4 ,grown old and gray1 in moments of unconsciousness through fever1 the aged man has talked in the forgotten language of infancy4 ,our best students of mental philosophy believe that no thought or feeling1 no enmity or aspiration1 is ever forgotten4 ,the sentiments written on clay harden into granite4 ,dormant memories are not dead4 ,at a touch they return in their old-time power and vigor4 ,science tells us that the flight of a bird1 the falling of a leaf1 the laughter of a child1 the vibration of song1 changes the whole universe4 ,the boy shying a stone from one tree to another alters the center of gravity for the earth4 ,and if the movements of dead leaves and stones are events unchangeably written down in nature1 how much more are living hopes and thoughts4 ,the soul is more sensitive than the thermometer1 more delicate than the barometer1 and all its processes are registered4 ,thoughts are events that stain the mind through in fast colors4 ,did man but know it1 no event falls through memory's net4 ,it helps us to understand the immortality of memory to notice the provision made in nature for revealing hidden facts and forces4 ,to-day chemistry shows us how events done in darkness shall be revealed in light1 and the deeds of the closet be proclaimed from the housetop4 ,in olden times princes communicated with each other by messengers4 ,then it was necessary to guard against the dispatch falling into the hands of the enemy1 so between the lines of the apparent message was a dispatch traced in letters as colorless as water4 ,but when the sheet was held before the blazing fire1 the secret writing appeared4 ,thus in the kingdom of the soul1 nature has provided for causing events to stand forth from the past4 ,under stimulus the memory performs the most astonishing feats4 ,excitement is a fire that causes the dim record to stand forth in clearness4 ,a distinguished lawyer of an ,eastern city relates that while engaged in an argument upon which vast issues depended he suddenly realized that he had forgotten to guard a most important point4 ,in that hour of excitement his faculties became greatly stimulated4 ,decisions1 authorities and precedents long since forgotten began to return to his mind4 ,dimly outlined at first1 they slowly grew plain1 until at length he read them with perfect distinctness4 ,mr4 ,beecher had a similar experience when he fronted the mob in ,liverpool4 ,he said that all events1 arguments and appeals that he had ever heard or read or written passed before his mind as oratorical weapons1 and standing there he had but to reach forth his hand and seize the weapons as they went smoking by4 ,all public men have had similar experiences--witness the testimony of ,pitt1 ,burke and ,wendell ,phillips4 ,but what event has such power to restore the records of memory as that secret excitement when the soul is like an ambassador returned home from a foreign mission to report before the throne of ,god8 ,thus1 giving in its account1 what sacred stimulus will fall upon memory6 ,in every age poets and philosophers have made much of associations as a restorer of dim memories4 ,porter has a story of a dinner party in which a reference to ,benedict ,arnold was immediately followed by someone asking the value of the ,roman denarius4 ,reflection shows that the question was directly suggested by the topic under discussion4 ,benedict ,arnold suggested ,judas ,iscariot and the thirty pieces of silver given him1 and therefore the value of the coin which he received as reward4 ,similarly there is a tradition that ,peter's face was clouded with sorrow whenever he heard the crowing of a cock4 ,bulwer ,lytton represents ,eugene ,aram as scarcely able to restrain a scream of agony when a friend chanced to drive in near the spot where in murderous hate he had struck a fatal blow4 ,thus1 no sin is ever buried1 save as a murderer buries his victim under a layer of thin sand4 ,but let him pass that way1 and a skeleton arm starts up and points to heaven and to the evil doer4 ,the philosopher affirms that the memory of the past can never perish until the tree or the river or the sea with which the dark memory is associated has been blotted out of existence4 ,thus1 the law of association ever works to bring back the ghastly phantom1 to chill the blood and sear the brain4 ,nothing is ever forgotten4 ,one touch1 one sight1 one sound1 the murmur of the stream1 the sound of a distant bell1 the barking of a dog in the still evening1 the green path in the wood with the sunlight glinting on it1 the way of the moon upon the waters1 the candlestick of the ,bishop for ,jean ,valjean1 the passing of a convict for ,dean ,maitland1 the drop of blood for ,donatello--these may1 through the events associated therewith1 turn the heart to stone and fill the life with a dumb agony of remorse4 ,moreover1 ,shakespeare indicates how conscience in its magisterial aspects has skill for reviving forgotten deeds4 ,in the laboratory scientists take two glasses1 each containing a liquid colorless as water and pour them together1 when lo6 they unite and form a substance blacker than the blackest ink4 ,as the chemical bath brings out the picture that was latent in the photographic plate1 so in its higher moods events half-remembered and half-forgotten rise into perfect recollection4 ,history tells us of the ,oriental despot who in an hour of revelry commanded his butler to slay a prophet whom he had imprisoned and bring the pale head in upon a charger4 ,long afterward there came a day when1 sitting in the seclusion of his palace1 a soldier told those around the banqueting-table the story of a wonder-worker whom he had seen upon his journey4 ,when the banqueters were wondering who this man was1 suddenly the king arose pale and trembling and cried out4 ,i know6 ,it is ,john the ,baptist whom ,i have beheaded2 he is risen from the dead6 ,this old-time story tells us that dormant memories are not dead1 but are like hibernating serpents that with warmth lift their heads to strike4 ,it fulfills1 as has been said1 the old-time story of the man groping along the wall until his fingers hit upon a hidden spring1 when the concealed door flew open and revealed the hidden skeleton4 ,it tells us that much may be forgotten in the sense of being out of mind1 but nothing is forgotten in the sense that it cannot be recalled4 ,every thought the mind thinks moves forward in character1 even as foods long forgotten report themselves in flesh and blood4 ,memory is a canvas above and the man works beneath it4 ,every faculty is a brush with which man thinks out his portrait4 ,here and now1 deceived by siren's song1 each ,macbeth thinks himself better than he is4 ,but the time comes at last when memory cleanses the portrait and causes his face to stand forth ineffaceable in full revelation4 ,but memory also hath aspects gracious and most inspiring4 ,i have lived well yesterday1 said the poet2 let to-morrow do its worst4 ,to this sentiment the statesman added3 ,i have done what ,i could for my fellows1 and my memories thereof are more precious than gold and pearls4 ,thus all they who have loved wisdom and goodness will find their treasures safe in memory's care4 ,perhaps some precious things do perish out of life4 ,the melody trembling on the chords after the song is sung sinks away into silence4 ,the light lingering in the clouds after the day is done at last dies out in darkness4 ,but as the soul is consciously immortal through personality1 it has an unconscious immortality through its tool or teaching1 through its example or influence4 ,time avails not for destroying4 ,god and the soul never forget4 ,wisdom comes to all young hearts who as yet have no past1 before whose feet lies the stream of life1 waiting to bear them into the future1 and bids them reflect that maturity1 full of successes1 is only the place where the tides of youth have emptied their rich treasures4 ,he whose yesterday is full of industry and ambition1 full of books and conversation and culture1 will find his to-morrow full of worth1 happiness and friendship4 ,but he who gives his memory no treasure to be garnered1 will find his hopes to be only the mirage in the desert1 where burning sands take on the aspect of lake and river4 ,wisdom comes also to those who in their maturity realize that the morrow is veiled in uncertainty1 and their tomb is not far distant4 ,it bids them reflect that their yesterdays are safe1 that nothing is forgotten2 that no worthy deed has fallen out of life2 that yesterday is a refuge from conflict1 anxiety and fear4 ,to patriot and parent1 to reformer and teacher1 comes the inspiring thought that ,god garners in ,his memory every helpful act4 ,no good influence is lost out of life4 ,are ,david and ,dante dead8 ,are not ,tennyson and ,milton a thousandfold more alive to-day than when they walked this earth8 ,death does but multiply the single voice and strengthen it4 ,god causes each life to fulfill the legend of the ,grecian traveler1 who1 bearing homeward a sack of corn1 sorrowed because some had been lost out through a tiny hole2 but1 years afterward1 fleeing before his enemies along that way1 he found that the seed had sprung up and multiplied into harvests for his hunger4 ,thus yesterday feeds in each pilgrim heart the faith that goodness shall triumph4 ,for memory that is little in man is large in ,god4 ,the ,infinite ,one forgets nothing save human frailty and sin4 ,remembering the great mind1 the eloquent tongue1 the large purse1 ,god remembers also the cup of cold water1 and causes the humblest deed to follow its doer unto the heavenly shores4 ,,the ,,imagination ,,as ,,the ,,architect ,,of ,,manhood ,imagination rules the world4--,napoleon4 ,the imagination is the very secret and marrow of civilization4 ,it is the very eye of faith4 ,the soul without imagination is what an observatory would be without a telescope4--,beecher4 ,in such natures the imagination seems to spire up like a ,gothic cathedral over a prodigiously solid crypt of common sense1 so that its lightness stands secure on the consciousness of an immovable basis4--,lowell4 ,man's reason is overhung by the imagination4 ,it rains rich treasures for fertilizing the barren soul4--,anon4 ,by faith ,abraham went forth1 not knowing whither he went4--,hebrews4 ,,vii ,,the ,,imagination ,,as ,,the ,,architect ,,of ,,manhood ,measured by whatsoever standard1 ,moses was the one colossal man of antiquity4 ,it may be doubted whether nature has ever produced a greater mind4 ,when we consider that law1 government and education took their rise in his single brain2 when we remember that the commonwealths of to-day rest upon foundations reared by this jurist of the desert2 when we recall his poetic and literary skill1 ,moses stands forth clothed with the proportions and grandeur of an all-comprehending genius4 ,his intellect seems the more titanic by reason of the obstacles and romantic contrasts in his career4 ,he was born in the hut of a slave1 but so strikingly did his genius flame forth that he won the approbation of the great1 and passed swiftly from the slave market to the splendor of ,pharaoh's palace4 ,fortunately1 his youth was not without the refinements and accomplishments of the schools4 ,for then ,egypt was the one radiant spot upon earth4 ,at a time when ,greece was a den of robbers and ,rome was unheard of1 ,memphis was gloriously attractive4 ,schools of art and science stood along the banks of the ,nile4 ,from ,thebes ,pythagoras carried mathematics into ,greece4 ,from ,memphis ,solon derived his wise political precepts4 ,in ,luxor1 architecture and sculpture took their rise4 ,from ,cleopatra's kingdom men stole the obelisks now in ,new ,york and ,london4 ,moses' opportunities were fully equaled by his energy and ambition to excel4 ,even in his youth he must have been renowned for his administrative genius4 ,but his moral grandeur exceeded his mentality4 ,when events compelled a choice between the luxury of the court and the love of his own people1 he did not hesitate1 for he was every inch a hero4 ,in that crisis he forsook the palace1 allied himself with his enslaved brethren1 and went forth an exile of the desert4 ,nor could any event be more dramatic than the manner of his return to ,pharaoh's palace4 ,single-handed1 he undertook the emancipation of a nation4 ,our leaders1 through vast armies1 achieved the freedom of our slaves2 this soldier1 single-handed1 freed three millions of bondsmen4 ,other generals1 with cannon1 have captured castles2 this man beat castles down with his naked fists4 ,and when he had achieved freedom for his people he led them into the desert1 and taught the crude and servile slaves the principles of law1 liberty and government4 ,under his guidance the mob became an army2 the slaves became patriots and citizens2 the savages were clothed with customs and institutions4 ,his mind became a university for millions4 ,and from that day until now the columns of society have followed the name of ,moses1 as of old the pilgrims followed the pillar of cloud by day and the pillar of fire by night4 ,greater name history does not hold1 save only the ,name that is above every name4 ,wise men will ask1 where were the hidings of this man's power8 ,whence came his herculean strength8 ,moses was the father of a race of giants4 ,he was the representative of brave men in every age1 who have laid foundations upon which others have builded2 he was the prototype of noble leaders who have scattered everywhere the seeds of civilization1 and left others to reap the harvests2 he was the forerunner of innumerable reformers and inventors1 to whom it was never given to enter into the fruit of their labors2 of soldiers and heroes who perished on the scaffold that others might be emancipated2 of men like ,huss and ,cranmer1 whose overthrow and defeat paved the way for others' victories4 ,dying1 no other man has left behind influences that have wrought so powerfully or so continuously through the centuries4 ,but when we search out the springs of his power we are amazed at his secret4 ,we are told that he endured his tremendous burdens and achieved the impossible through the sight of the invisible4 ,the sense of future victory sustained him in present defeat4 ,through the right use of the vision faculty he conquered4 ,imagination was the telescope by which he saw victory afar off4 ,imagination was the tool with which he digged and quarried his foundations4 ,imagination was the castle and tower under which he found refuge from the storms1 attacks and afflictions of life4 ,no wing ever had such power for lifting1 no spring ever had such tides for assuaging thirst4 ,he bore with savages1 because afar off he saw the slaves clothed with the qualities of patriots4 ,he endured the desert1 because imagination revealed a fruitful land flowing with milk and honey4 ,he survived lawlessness1 because he foresaw the day of law and liberty4 ,he bore up under weight of cares1 discouragements and responsibilities heavy enough to have crushed a score of men1 because he foresaw the day of final triumph4 ,of old1 when that legendary hero was in the thick of his fight against his enemies1 an invisible friend hovered above the warrior1 handing forth spear and sword as they were needed4 ,so for the great jurist imagination reached up even into the heavenly armory and plucked such weapons as the hero needed4 ,our intellectual tread will be firmer if we define the imagination and consider its uses4 ,the soul is a city2 and the external senses are gateways through which sweep all the caravans of truth and beauty4 ,through the eye gate pass all faces1 cities and landscapes4 ,through the ear gate pass all sweet sounds4 ,but when the facts of land and sea and sky have reported themselves to the soul1 reason sweeps these intellectual harvests into the granary of memory for future sowing4 ,but these harvests must be arranged4 ,in the ,orient the merchant who keeps a general store puts the swords and spears upon one shelf2 the tapestries and rugs upon another2 the books and manuscripts upon a third2 and each thing has its own shelf and drawer4 ,so judgment comes in to sort knowledges1 and puts things useful into one intellectual shelf1 things beautiful upon another shelf1 and puts things true apart by themselves4 ,afterward when the under-servant1 called reason1 has accumulated the materials1 when memory has taken care of them1 and judgment has classified all1 then the constructive imagination comes in to create new objects4 ,working in iron and steel1 the imagination of ,watt organizes an engine2 working midst the colors beautiful1 the imagination paints pictures2 working upon marble it carves statues2 working in wood and stone it rears cathedrals2 working in sound it creates symphonies2 working with ideas it fashions intellectual systems2 working in morals it constructs ethical principles2 working toward immortality1 it bids all cooling streams1 fruitful trees1 sweet sounds1 all noble friendships1 report themselves beyond the grave4 ,for faith itself is but the imagination allied with confidence that ,god is able to realize man's highest ideals4 ,imagination therefore is a prophet4 ,it is a seer for the soul4 ,it toils as artist and architect and creator4 ,it plants hard problems as seeds1 rears these germs into trees1 and from them garners the ripe fruit4 ,it wins victory before battles are fought4 ,without it1 civilization would be impossible4 ,what we call progress is but society following after and realizing the visions1 plans and patterns of the imagination4 ,now our busy1 bustling age is inclined to under-estimate the imagination4 ,men cavil at castle-building4 ,the pragmatist jeers at reveries4 ,men believe in stores1 and goods in them2 in factories1 and wealth by them2 men believe in houses and horses1 but not in ideals4 ,nevertheless1 thoughts and dreams are the stuff out of which towns and cities are builded4 ,we may despise the silent dreamer1 but in the last analysis he appears the real architect of states6 ,immeasurable the practical power of the vision faculty6 ,the heroes of yesterday have all been sustained--not by swords and guns1 but by the sight of the invisible6 ,here is the old hero in his dungeon in ,florence4 ,while he dozed1 the night before he was to be burned1 the jailer saw a rare1 sweet smile upon his face4 ,what is it8 the guard asked4 ,i hear the sounds of falling chains1 and their clangor is like sweet music in my ears4 ,then1 with smiling face he went to his martyrdom4 ,and here is ,michael ,angelo4 ,grown old and blind1 he gropes his way into the gallery of the ,vatican1 where with uplifted face his fingers feel their way over the torso of ,phidias4 ,lingering by him one day the ,cardinal ,farnese heard the old sculptor say3 ,great is this marble2 greater still the hand that carved it2 greatest of all1 the ,god who fashioned the sculptor4 ,i still learn6 ,i still learn6 ,and he too went forward sustained by his vision of perfect beauty4 ,and here is ,john ,huss1 looking between the iron bars of his prison upon an army of pikes and spears1 massed before his jail2 but the martyr endured his danger by the foresight of the day when the swords then wielded for repression of liberty of thought would flash for its emancipation4 ,and here is ,walter ,scott ruined by the failure of his publishers1 just at the hour when nature whispered that he had fulfilled his task and earned his respite4 ,but he girded himself anew for the battle1 and sustained his grievous loss through the foresight of the hour when the last debt would be paid and his again would be a spotless name4 ,and here is that youth1 ,emerson1 looking out upon a world full of noise and strife1 full of the cries of slaves and the warfare of zealots4 ,he was sustained by the foresight of a day when ,god would breathe peace o'er all the scene4 ,with hope shining in his face1 he began to take down men's idols with such reverence that it seemed an act of worship4 ,and what shall we more say8 ,by the sight of the invisible1 ,dante endured his scaffold2 the heroes1 hunted like partridges upon the mountains1 endured their caves and the winter's cold2 martyrs endured the scourge and fagot4 ,in every age1 the great1 by the sight of the invisible1 have been lifted into the realms of tranquillity4 ,outwardly1 there may have been the roar and boom of guns1 but inwardly men were lutes with singing harps4 ,as the householder sitting by his blazing hearth thinks not of the sleet and hail falling on the roof of slate1 so the soul abides in peace over which has been reared the castle and covert of ,god's presence4 ,how signal a place does the imagination hold in the realm of science and invention6 ,reason itself is only an under-servant4 ,it has no creative skill4 ,memory makes no discoveries4 ,but the imagination is a wonder-worker4 ,one day1 chancing upon a large bone of the mammoth in the ,black ,forest1 ,oken1 the ,german naturalist1 exclaimed3 ,this is a part of a spinal column4 ,the eyes of the scientist saw only one of the vertebr1 but to that one bone his imagination added frame1 limb and head1 then clothed the skeleton with skin1 and saw the giant of animals moving through the forest4 ,in that hour the imagination wrought a revolution in the science of anatomy4 ,similarly1 this creative faculty in ,gethe gave botany a new scientific basis4 ,sitting in his favorite seat near the castle of ,heidelberg one day1 the great poet was picking in pieces an oak leaf4 ,suddenly his imagination transformed the leaf4 ,under its touch the central stalk lifted itself up and became the trunk of the tree2 the veins of the leaf were extended and became boughs and branches2 each filament became a leaf and spray2 the imagination revealed each petal and stamen and pistil1 as after the leaf type1 and gave a new philosophy to the science of herbs and shrubs4 ,when a pistachio tree in ,paris with only female blossoms suddenly bore nuts1 the mind of a scientist suggested that some other rich man had imported a tree with male flowers1 and careful search revealed that tree many miles away4 ,and in every department of science this faculty bridges over chasms between discovered truths4 ,even ,newton's discovery was the gift of imagination4 ,when the eyes of the scientist saw the falling apple it was his vision faculty that leaped through space and saw the falling moon4 ,when the western trade winds1 blowing for weeks1 had cast the drift wood upon the shores of ,spain1 ,columbus' eyes fell not only upon the strange wood but also upon a pebble caught in the crevice4 ,but his imagination leaped from the pebble to the ,western continent of which the stone was a part1 and from the tree to the forest in which it grew4 ,this faculty has performed a similar work in the realm of mechanics4 ,watt tells us that his engine worked in his mind years before it worked in his shop4 ,in his biography1 ,milton recognizes the beauty of the trees and flowers he culled from earth's landscapes and gardens1 but in his ,paradise ,lost1 his imagination beheld an ,eden fairer than any scene ever found on earth4 ,napoleon believed that every battle was won by the imagination4 ,while his soldiers slept1 the great ,corsican marshaled his troops1 hurled them against the enemy1 and won the victory in his mind the night before the battle was fought4 ,even the orator like ,webster must be described as one who sees his argument in the air before he writes it upon the page1 just as ,handel thought he heard the music falling from the sky more rapidly than his hand could fasten the notes upon the musical bars4 ,thus every new tool and picture1 every new temple or law or reform1 has been the imagination's gift to man4 ,nor has the case been different with men in the humbler walks of life4 ,multitudes are doomed to delve and dig4 ,three-fourths of the race live on the verge of poverty4 ,the energies of most men are consumed in supporting the wants of the body4 ,it is given to multitudes to descend into the coal mine ere the day is risen1 to emerge only when night has fallen4 ,other multitudes toil in the smithy or tend the loom4 ,the division of labor has closed many avenues for happiness and culture4 ,the time was when the village cobbler was primarily a citizen1 and only incidentally a shoemaker4 ,in the old ,new ,england days the cobbler owned his garden and knew the orchard2 owned his horse and knew the care of animals2 had his special duties in relation to school and church1 and1 therefore1 was a student of all public questions4 ,but tending a machine that clinches tacks1 cabins and confines the soul4 ,the man who begins as a citizen ends an appendage to a wheel4 ,the life of many becomes a treadmill existence4 ,year in and year out they tend some spindle4 ,now this drudgery of modern life threatens happiness and manhood4 ,therefore it was ordained that while the hand digs the mind may soar4 ,while ,henry ,clay's hands were hoeing corn in that field in ,kentucky1 through his imagination the young orator was standing in the halls of ,congress4 ,what orations he wrote6 ,what arguments he fashioned6 ,each time his hoe cut down a weed1 his mind with an argument hewed down an opponent4 ,never was there a tool for hoeing corn like unto the imagination6 ,christine ,nilsson tells that once she toiled as a flower girl at the country fairs in ,sweden4 ,but all the time she delved she was dreaming1 and by her very dreams making herself strong against the day when she would charm vast audiences with celestial music4 ,what battles the plowboys have fought in dreams6 ,what orations they have pronounced6 ,what reforms they have achieved6 ,what tools invented6 ,what books written6 ,what business reared6 ,thus the imagination shortens the hours of labor and sweetens toil4 ,while the body tires1 the soul soars and sings4 ,this young foreigner newly arrived in our city digs downward with his spade1 but his imagination works upward into the realm of the invisible4 ,he endures the ditch and the spade through foresight of the day when his playmate will come over the sea2 when together they will own a little house1 and have a garden with vines and flowers1 with a little path leading down to the spring where the water bubbles out day and night like a little poem from the heart of the earth2 when they will have a little competence1 so that the sweet babe shall not want for knowledge4 ,by that dream the youth sustains his loneliness and poverty2 by that dream he conquers his vices and passions2 at last through that dream he is lifted up to the rank of a patriot and worthy citizen4 ,nor shall you find one hard-worked man caught to-morrow in life's swirl who does not endure the strife1 the rivalry and the selfishness of the street with this gift divine4 ,it is the noblest instrument of the soul4 ,thereby are the heavens opened4 ,imagination is the poor man's friend and saviour4 ,imagination is ,god whispering to the soul what shall be when time and the divine resources have accomplished their work upon man4 ,and when imagination has achieved for man1 his progress1 happiness1 and culture1 it goes on to help him to gain personal worth and character4 ,above every noble soul hangs a vision of things higher1 better and sweeter4 ,it causes the best men even in their best moods to feel that better things still are possible4 ,by sweet visions it tempts men upward1 just as of old the bees were lured onward by the honey dropped through the hunter's hands4 ,the vision of a higher manhood discontents men with to-day's achievement and takes the flavor out of yesterday's victory4 ,in such hours it is not enough that men have bread and raiment1 or are better than their fellows4 ,the soul is filled with nameless yearnings and longings4 ,the deeper convictions1 long hidden1 begin to stir and strain1 even as in ,june the seed aches with its hidden harvest4 ,though the youth still pursues1 he never overtakes his ideal4 ,in the process of transmutation into life the ideal is injured and dwarfed4 ,just as the poet's vision is transcendently more beautiful than the song he writes upon the page2 as the artist's dream is a glorious-creation1 but his picture is only a photograph thereof2 as the musician's song or symphony is but an echo of the ethereal music he heard in his soul1 so every purpose and ideal is marred in the effort to give it expression and embodiment4 ,these children of aspiration hold the secret of all progress for society4 ,just as of old artists drew the outline of glowing and glorious pictures1 and then with bits of colored glass and precious stones filled up the mosaic1 causing angels and seraphs to stand forth in lustrous beauty1 so imagination lifts up before the youth its glowing plans and purposes1 and asks him to give himself to the details of life in filling it up and perfecting a glorious character4 ,the patterns of life are only given upon that holy mount where1 midst clouds and darkness1 dwell ,god and the higher imagination4 ,but if the imagination has its use1 it has its abuse also4 ,if visions of truth and beauty can exalt1 visions of vice can debase and degrade4 ,in that picture where ,faust and ,satan battle together for the scholar's soul1 the angels share in the conflict4 ,plucking the roses of ,paradise1 they fling them over the battlements down upon the heads of the combatants4 ,when the roses fall on ,faust they heal his wounds2 when they fall on ,satan they turn into coals of fire4 ,thus the imagination casts inspirations down upon the pure1 but smites the evil into the abyss4 ,the miseries of men of genius like ,burns are perpetual warnings to youth against the riotings of imagination4 ,there are poems1 also novels and lurid scenes in the city1 hanging pictures before the imagination and scorching the soul like flames of fire4 ,for as of old so now1 what a man imagineth in his heart that he is4 ,for not what a man does outwardly1 but what he dreams inwardly1 determines his character4 ,most men are better than we think1 but some men are worse4 ,as steam in the boiler makes itself known by hisses1 so the evil imaginings heave and strain1 seeking escape4 ,many forbear vice and crime through fear2 their conscience is cowardice2 if they dared they would riot through life like the beasts of the field2 if all their inner imaginings were to take an outward expression in deeds1 they would be scourges1 plagues and pests4 ,in the silence of the soul they commit every vice4 ,but they who sow the wind shall reap the whirlwind2 the revealing day will come when the films of life shall be withdrawn1 and the character shall appear faithful as a portrait1 and then all the meanness and sliminess shall be seen to have given something to the soul's picture4 ,oh1 be warned against these dreams1 all ye young hearts6 ,the indulgence of the imagination is like the sultriness of a summer's day2 what began so fair ends with sharp lightnings and thunder4 ,how terrible is this word to evil-doers6 ,as a man thinketh in his heart1 so is he4 ,it is also given to this vision faculty to redeem men out of oppression and misfortune1 and through its intimations of royalty to lend victory and peace4 ,oft the days are full of storms and turbulence2 oft events grow bad as heart can wish2 full oft the next step promises the precipice4 ,there are periods in every career when troubles are so strangely increased that the world seems like an orb let loose to wander widely through space4 ,in these dark hours some endure their pain and trouble through dogged1 stoical toughness4 ,then men imitate the turtle as it draws in its head and neck1 saying to misfortune3 ,behold the shell1 and beat on that4 ,but1 ,god be thanked6 victory over trouble has been ordained4 ,in the blackest hour of the storm it is given to the vision faculty to lift man into the realm of tranquillity4 ,as travelers in the jungle climb the trees at night and draw the ladder up after them1 and dwell above the reach of wild beasts and serpents1 so the soul in its higher moods ascends into the realms of peace and rest4 ,in that dark hour just before ,jesus ,christ entered into the cloud and darkness1 and fronted ,his grievous suffering1 ,he called ,his disciples about ,him and uttered that discourse beginning3 ,let not your hearts be troubled4 ,strange wonder words2 words of matchless genius and beauty4 ,moreover1 the vision faculty furnishes man his idea and picture of ,god4 ,many suppose that all that is necessary to understand the divine nature is that it should be stated distinctly in language4 ,greater error there could not be4 ,there can be no language for causing a little child to understand the larger truths of heroism1 art or government4 ,the unripe cannot understand the mature4 ,each mind must paint its own picture of ,god4 ,nature itself is but a palette upon which ,god draws her portrait4 ,reason furnishes the materials and truths about ,god1 and the imagination unites them in some noble conception of ,his all-helpful nature4 ,everything in nature that has power or beauty or benefit has received it from ,god4 ,moving along the ,alpine valleys the traveler sees huge bowlders lying in the stream1 and1 looking to the mountain side1 his eye rests upon the very cliff from which the bowlder fell4 ,thus discerning the noble qualities in mother or patriot1 in hero or friend1 we trace their beautiful qualities back to ,god1 from whom all noble souls borrow their excellence4 ,in the largest sense all the elements of power in sea and sky and sun1 all the beauty of the fields and forests1 of summers and winters1 are letters in nature's alphabet for spelling out the name of ,god4 ,as a diamond has many facets1 and every one reflects the sun1 so the universe itself is a gem whose every facet reflects the mind and genius of ,god4 ,when reason has culled out of life and nature everything that excites awe or admiration1 everything that represents bounty and beauty1 then imagination lifts up all these ideals and sweeps them together and melts them into one glowing and glorious conception of the ,god of power1 wisdom and love4 ,but even then the heart whispers3 ,he is that1 and infinitely more than that1 even as the sun is more than the little taper man has made4 ,but if the reason and memory1 through misuse1 furnish but few of the truths about ,god1 and if the imagination has been weakened in its power1 then how poor the picture the soul paints6 ,what scant1 feeble portraits of ,god some men have6 ,what can an ,eskimo1 whose highest conception of summer is a stunted bush1 know of tropical orchards1 of luscious peach1 pear and plum8 ,if the student has seen only the broken fragments of ,phidias1 what can he know of the ,parthenon as it once stood in the zenith of its perfection1 in the splendor of its beauty8 ,but if man's reason can cull out all the lustrous facts of nature and history1 and if his imagination has strength and skill to bring them all together1 then how beautiful will be the face and name of ,god6 ,that name will fill his soul with music4 ,that thought will set his heart vibrating with tumultuous joy4 ,if all the air were filled with invisible bells1 and angels were the ringers1 and music fell in waves as sweet as melted amethyst and pearl1 we should have that which would answer to the sweetness that by day and night rains down upon the hearts of those who approach ,god--not through the eye nor ear1 not through argument nor judgment1 but through the heart1 through the imagination1 as they endure1 beholding ,him who is invisible4 ,,the ,,enthusiasm ,,of ,,friendship ,he that walketh with wise men shall be wise4--,solomon4 ,the only way to have a friend is to be one4--,emerson4 ,a talent is perfected in solitude2 a character in the stream of the world4--,gethe4 ,it is certain that either wise bearing or ignorant carriage is caught as men take diseases1 one of another2 therefore let men take heed of their company4--,shakespeare4 ,beyond all wealth1 honor or even health1 is the attachment we form to noble souls1 because to become one with the good1 generous and true1 is to become1 in a measure1 good1 generous and true ourselves4--,thomas ,arnold4 ,cicero said3 ',friendship can make riches splendid4' ,friendship can plan many things for its wealth to execute4 ,it can plan a good winter evening for a group1 and it can plan an afternoon for a hundred children4 ,it can roll in a ,christmas log for a large hearth4 ,it can spread happiness to the right and left4 ,it can spend money most beautifully and make gold to shine4 ,civilization itself is of the heart4--,swing4 ,,viii ,,the ,,enthusiasm ,,of ,,friendship ,destiny is determined by friendship4 ,fortune is made or marred when the youth selects his companions4 ,friendship has ever been the master-passion ruling the forum1 the court1 the camp4 ,the power of love is ,god-breathed1 and life has nothing like love for majesty and beauty4 ,civilization itself is more of the heart than of the mind4 ,as an eagle cannot rise with one wing1 so the soul ascends borne up equally by reason and affection4 ,plato found the measure of greatness in a man's capacity for exalted friendship4 ,all the great ones of history stand forth as unique in some master passion as in their intellectual supremacy4 ,witness ,david and ,jonathan1 with love surpassing the love of women4 ,witness ,socrates and his group of immortal friends4 ,witness ,dante and his deathless love for ,beatrice4 ,witness ,tennyson and his refrain for ,arthur ,hallam4 ,witness the disciples and ,christ1 with love as strong as death4 ,sweetness is not more truly the essence of music than is love the very soul of a deep1 strong1 harmonious manhood4 ,friendship cheers like a sunbeam2 charms like a good story2 inspires like a brave leader2 binds like a golden chain2 guides like a heavenly vision4 ,to love alone is it given to wrestle victoriously with death4 ,lord ,bacon said3 ,he who loves solitude is either a wild beast or a god4 ,the normal man is gregarious4 ,he wants companionship4 ,the very cattle go in herds4 ,the fishes go in shoals4 ,the bees go in swarms4 ,and men come together in families and cities4 ,as men go up toward greatness their need of friendship increases4 ,no mind of the first order was ever a hermit4 ,modern literature enshrines the friendships of the great and makes them memorable4 ,while letters last1 society will never forget ,charles ,lamb and his companions2 ,dr4 ,johnson and his immortal group2 ,petrarch and his helpless dependence upon ,laura2 while the letters of ,ablard and ,hloise enshrine them in everlasting remembrance4 ,in all literature there is no more touching death-bed scene than that of the patriarch ,jacob4 ,dying1 the ,prince forgot his gold and silver1 his herds and lands4 ,lifted up upon his pillows1 in tremulous excitement he took upon his lips two names--,god and ,rachel4 ,more than a score of years had passed since her death1 but in that memorable hour the great man built a monument to her who had fed his joy and deepened his life4 ,friendship carries a certain fertilizing force4 ,all biographers tell us that each epoch in a hero's life was ushered in by a new friend4 ,when ,schiller met ,gethe every latent talent awakened4 ,the poet's friendship caused the youth to grow by leaps and bounds4 ,once1 returning home after a brief visit to ,gethe's house1 one exclaimed3 ,i am amazed by the progress ,schiller can make within a single fortnight6 ,perhaps this explains why the great seem to come in groups4 ,thrust an ,emerson into any ,concord1 and his pungent presence will penetrate the entire region4 ,soon all who come within the radius of his life respond to his presence1 as flowers and trees respond with boughs brilliant and fragrant to the sunshine when spring replaces the icy winter4 ,after a little time1 each ,emerson stands girt about with ,hawthornes1 ,whittiers1 ,holmeses1 and ,lowells4 ,the greatness of each ,milton lingers in his friends1 ,cromwell and ,hampden1 as the sun lingers in the clouds after the day is done4 ,therefore the great epics and dramas1 from the ,iliad to the ,idylls of the ,king1 are stories of friendships4 ,take love out of our greatest literature1 and it is like taking a sweet babe out of the clothes that cover it4 ,man listens eagerly to tales of eloquence and heroism1 but loves most of all the stories of the heart4 ,god is not more truly the life of dead matter than is love the very life of man4 ,now1 the secret of eminence in the realm of industry or art or invention is this3 that the worker has wrought in his luminous mental moods4 ,in its passive1 inert states1 the mind is receptive4 ,then reason is like a sheathed sword4 ,thought must be struck forth as fire is struck from flint4 ,but under inspirational moods the mind begins to glow and kindle4 ,then the reason of the orator1 the poet or reformer ceases to be like a taper1 needing a match to light it1 and becomes a sun1 blazing with its own radiance4 ,spencer wrote3 ,by no political alchemy can we get golden conduct out of leaden instincts4 ,thus there is no necromancy by which the mind can get superior work out of its inferior moods4 ,when1 then1 reason approaches its task under the inspiration of enthusiasm and love1 nature yields up all her secrets4 ,here is the author sitting down to write4 ,memory refuses facts1 and reason declines to create fictions4 ,the mind is dull and dead4 ,suddenly the step of some friend long absent is heard at the door4 ,then how do the faculties awake6 ,through all the long winter evening1 the mind brings forth its treasures of wit1 of anecdote1 of instructive fact and charming allusion4 ,here is some ,edison1 with an enthusiasm for invention1 who found his electric lamps that burned well for a month had suddenly gone out1 and read in the morning paper the judgment of the scientist that his electric bulb was a good toy but a poor tool4 ,in his enthusiasm for his work1 the man exclaimed1 ,i will make a statue of that professor1 and illumine him with electric lamps1 and make his ignorance memorable4 ,then ,edison went away to begin a series of experiments that drove sleep from his eyes and slumber from his eyelids through five successive days and nights1 until love and enthusiasm helped reason to wrest victory from defeat4 ,here is the boy ,mozart1 with his love of music1 toiling through the long days at tasks he hated1 and in the darkening twilight stealing into the old church1 where he poured out his very soul over the organ keys1 sobbing out his mournful melodies4 ,here is ,lincoln1 with his enthusiasm for books1 coming in at night all aching with cold and wet1 and rising when parents slept1 to roll another log upon the blazing hearth1 while midst the grateful heat his eager eyes searched out the treasures that lay along the line of the printed page1 until his mind grew rich and strong4 ,and here are the ,scottish clansmen and patriots1 for love's sake1 following the noble chieftain1 their hearts all aflame1 who1 if they had a hundred lives1 would gladly have given them all for their heroic leader4 ,and here is the orator rising to plead the cause of the savage1 and of the slave1 before men who feel no sympathy1 and are as castles locked and barred4 ,but the love for the poor shines in ,wendell ,phillips' eyes1 trembles in his voice1 pleads in his thinking1 until the multitude become all plastic to his thought1 and his smile becomes their smile1 his tear their tear1 the throb of his heart the throb of the whole assembly4 ,here is the ,scottish girl1 in love with truth1 standing midst the sea1 within the clutches of the incoming tide4 ,she is bound down midst the rising waters4 ,doomed is she and soon must die4 ,but her eyes are turned upward toward the sky1 and a great sweet light is on her face that tells us enthusiasm and love in her have been victorious over death4 ,truly1 that ,greek did well to call enthusiasm a god within1 for love is stronger than death4 ,the historian tells us that all the liberties1 reforms and political achievements of society have been gained by nations thrilling and throbbing to one great enthusiasm4 ,the ,renaissance does not mean a single ,dante1 nor ,boccaccio1 but a national enthusiasm and a god within all minds4 ,the ,reformation is not a single ,savonarola1 nor ,luther1 but a universal enthusiasm and a god within1 all heart and conscience4 ,if we study these movements of society as typified by their leaders1 these heroes stand forth before us with hearts all aflame and with minds that grow like suns4 ,in times of great danger men develop unsuspected physical strength1 and the force of the whole body seems to rush upward and compact itself with the thumb or fist4 ,and in the mental world lawyers and orators tell us that at heated crises1 when great issues hang upon their words1 the memory achieves feats otherwise impossible4 ,in these hours the mind becomes luminous4 ,all the experience of the past passes before the orator with the majesty of a mighty wave or a rushing storm4 ,similarly1 the hero inflamed with love or liberty becomes invincible4 ,when some ,garibaldi or ,lincoln appears1 and the people behold his greatness and beauty and magnanimity1 every heart catches the sacred passion4 ,then the narrow-minded youth tumbles down his little idols1 sets up diviner ideals1 and finds new measurements for the thrones of heaven and earth4 ,then1 in a great abandonment of love1 the nation pours out its heart for the cause it loves4 ,froude tells us that self-government has cost mankind hundreds of wars and thousands of battle-fields4 ,tennyson writes of the boy who was following his father's plow when the share turned up a human skull4 ,there1 where the plow stayed1 the patriot had fallen in battle4 ,sitting upon the furrow with the child upon his knee1 the father caused his boy to see a million men in arms fighting for some great principle2 to see the battle-fields all red with blood2 the hillsides all billowy with graves2 caused him to hear the shrieking shot and shell2 pointed out the army of cripples hobbling homeward4 ,when the child shivered in fear the father whispered1 ,your ancestors would have gladly died daily for the liberty they loved4 ,and if to-day good men brood over the wrongs of ,armenia1 and breathe a silent prayer for those who struggle against desperate odds and the unspeakable ,turk1 and if to-morrow and on the morrow's morrow editors and orators unite in words of sympathy and encouragement for the patriots fighting in some ,cuba1 it is because we believe the love of liberty implies the right to liberty2 that despotism corrupts manhood2 that self-government is the best for industry1 the best for integrity1 the best for intelligence4 ,if the red plowshare of war must pass through the soil of the nations1 may it bury forever the seeds of oppression and injustice1 and sow for future generations the seeds of liberty1 intelligence and religion6 ,moreover1 an overmastering passion is the secret of all eminence in scholarship4 ,each autumn the golden gates of learning swing wide to welcome the thousands who enter our colleges and universities4 ,if it were possible for each young student to sit down and speak with the library and laboratory as with a familiar friend1 we would hear wisdom's voice uttering one report3 ,i love them that love me4 ,none of those forms of mental wealth called art or science or literature1 enters the mind unasked or stays unurged4 ,all the shelves are heavy with mental treasure1 but only the eager mind may harvest it4 ,beauty sleeps in all the quarries1 but only the eager chisel wakens it4 ,wealth is in every crack and crevice of the soil1 but nature forbids the sluggard to mine it4 ,those forms of paradise called fame1 position1 influence1 stand with gates open by day and night1 but the cherubim with flaming swords wave back all idle youth4 ,when the ,grecian king set forth upon his expedition he stayed his golden chariot at the market-place4 ,lifting up his voice he forbade any man's body to enter his chariot whose heart remained behind4 ,thus the mind is a chariot that sweeps no unwilling student upward toward those heights where wisdom and happiness dwell4 ,to-day our young men and women stand in the midst of arts1 vast1 beautiful and useful2 they are surrounded by all the facts of man's marvelous history2 they breathe an atmosphere charged with refinement4 ,but the youth who hates his books might as well be the poor savage lying on the banks of the ,niger1 whose soul sits in silence and starves to death in a silent dungeon4 ,should a kind heaven give us the power to select some charmed gift to be dropped down upon our youth1 parents and teachers could ask nothing better than that each young heart should storm the gates of learning with such enthusiasm as belonged to ,milton or ,epictetus4 ,the ,roman slave had one leg broken and twisted by a cruel master1 but in his enthusiasm for knowledge he used the dim light of his cell for copying the thoughts of great authors1 and lay awake at night reflecting upon the problems of life and death with man's mysterious nature1 and so made himself immortal by his devotion to the truth4 ,for the student1 enthusiasm is indeed a god within4 ,ignorance is want of mental animation4 ,the scientist tells us the ,patagonians sleep eighteen hours each day1 with a tendency to doze through the other six4 ,their minds are unable to make any kind of movement1 and the chief once told ,sir ,john ,lubbock that he would love to talk were it not that large ideas made him very sleepy4 ,but it is all in vain that man has reason or learning or imagination if these talents lie sleeping4 ,not long ago the ruins of an old temple were discovered in ,rome4 ,when the spade had turned up the soil1 lo1 seeds long hidden awakened to cover the soil with rich verdure4 ,for #b1jjj years these germs had slept1 waiting for the day of warmth and quickening4 ,thus each faculty of man is latent1 until some powerful enthusiasm passes over it4 ,indeed1 mental power is not in the multitude of knowledge acquired1 but in the powerful enthusiasms that drive the informed soul along some noble path4 ,power is not in the engine1 but in the steam that pounds the piston2 and the soul is a mechanism driven forward by those motives called enthusiasm for learning or influence or wealth4 ,success might be defined as a full casting of the heart into some worthy cause4 ,it is high time that our young men should recognize that prosperity and wealth are won only when the mind moves enthusiastically along the pathway of industry4 ,our young men have been deeply injured by the fact that now and then some one stumbles upon sudden wealth1 or by accident gains great treasure4 ,but for every one such fortunate person1 there are ten thousand who have failed of success for want of a purposeful enthusiasm4 ,the ,persians have a strange story of the ,golconda diamond mines4 ,once ,ali ,hafed sat with his wife looking out upon the river that flowed through their farm4 ,soon their children came through the trees bringing with them a traveler4 ,in confidence the stranger showed ,ali ,hafed a diamond that shone like a drop of condensed sunshine4 ,he told his host that one large diamond was worth whole mines of copper and silver2 that a handful would make him a prince2 that a mine of diamonds would buy a kingdom4 ,that night wealthy ,ali ,hafed went to bed a poor man1 for poverty is discontent4 ,when the morning came he sold his farm for gold1 and went forth in search of diamonds4 ,years passed4 ,old and gray he returned in rags and poverty4 ,he found his dear ones had all died in penury4 ,he also found that the peasant who bought his farm was now a prince4 ,one day1 digging in the white sand in the stream at the foot of the garden1 the peasant saw a shining something that sent his heart to his mouth4 ,running his hands through the sand1 he found it sown with gems4 ,thus were discovered the ,golconda mines4 ,had ,ali ,hafed dug in his own garden1 instead of starvation1 poverty and a broken heart1 he would have owned gems that made nations rich4 ,this legend reminds us how youth constantly throws away its opportunities4 ,each day some man exchanges a farm in ,pennsylvania for the prairies of ,dakota1 only to find that the hills he despised have developed oil that makes his successor rich4 ,each year purposeful men grow rich out of trifles that the careless cast away4 ,the sewers of ,paris have made one man wealthy with treasure beyond that of gold mines4 ,the wastes of a cotton mill founded the fortune of one of the greatest families in ,england4 ,peter ,cooper used to say that he built the ,cooper ,institute by picking up the refuse that the butcher shops threw aside4 ,a boy tugging over a shoe-last in ,haverhill1 ,mass41 was told by his mother to give himself to making better and stronger lasts4 ,twenty years of enthusiastic study ended1 and he was president of one of the greatest of our railways4 ,in #ahgj1 a youth sat upon the slag heap of a mine in ,california4 ,but he gave his full mind to each clod1 and going away for a few weeks he returned with a machine that extracted greater treasure from the slag than men had ever gained from the mines4 ,all wise men unite in telling us that ours is a world where prosperity is won by fidelity to details1 and that wealth comes through little improvements4 ,but1 best of all1 a purposeful enthusiasm gives mental wealth1 and achieves a treasure beyond gold and rubies--a worthy character4 ,nor is there any dross that love will not refine away1 nor any vice that love can not expel from the heart4 ,wordsworth was so impressed with the evil of avarice that he could compare it only to a poisoned vine that wrapped itself so tightly about his favorite tree that vine and tree became one life1 and the removal of the one meant the death of the other4 ,but in her most famous story ,george ,eliot tells us that avarice passes utterly away before the touch of love4 ,silas ,marner was the victim of blackest ingratitude4 ,his friend was a thief1 who thrust upon him the blame of a black crime4 ,suddenly1 this innocent man found all homes closed to his hand1 all shops locked to his tools1 while even the market refused his wares4 ,through two years and more1 right bravely he held his head aloft and looked all men in the face4 ,at length hunger and want drove him forth a wanderer4 ,then he shook off the dust of his feet against his false friends1 and cursed their firesides4 ,kindness in him soured into cynicism1 his sweetness became bitterness1 his faith in ,god and man fluttered feebly for awhile1 then lay without a single pulse-beat4 ,in anger he cursed ,god1 but could not die4 ,journeying afar1 the traveler at length stayed his steps in a distant village4 ,then in toil he sought to forget4 ,rising a great while before day1 he wrought with the activity of a spinning insect2 and while men slept1 his loom hummed far into the night4 ,when fifteen years had passed1 he had much gold and was a miser4 ,under the brick floor he secreted his treasure4 ,each night he locked the door1 shuttered his windows1 and poured upon the table his gold and silver4 ,he bathed his hands in the yellow river4 ,he piled his guineas up in heaps4 ,sometimes he slept with arms around his precious money-bags4 ,one evening he lifted the bricks of the floor1 to find that the hole was empty4 ,benumbed with terror1 he went everywhither seeking his treasure4 ,he kneaded his bed1 swept his oven1 peered into each crack and crevice4 ,when the full truth fell upon the miser1 he sent forth a wild1 ringing scream--the soul's cry of desolation4 ,then in his grief he rushed into the rain and the wild night1 and wandered on and on1 stupefied with pain4 ,not until morning came did he stagger in out of the storm4 ,entering1 he saw the glint of yellow by his hearth4 ,with a wild cry he sprang forward and clutched it4 ,but it was not gold2 it was something better--it was the yellow locks of a sleeping child4 ,broken-hearted1 with nothing else to live for1 ,silas ,marner took the deserted babe into his bosom4 ,as the weeks went on1 the little creature nestled into his heart4 ,for the child's sake he turned again to his loom2 love taught him thrift and industry4 ,for the child's sake he bought books and hived knowledge2 love made a scholar of him4 ,for the child's sake he planted vines1 roses and all sweet flowers2 love made him an artist4 ,for the child's sake he bought carpets for the bare floors and pictures for the wall2 love had made him generous4 ,for the child's sake he knelt one night and recited her prayer2 love would fain make him a ,christian4 ,but he hated men1 and could not forget their ingratitude4 ,one day a rich man's carriage stopped before his cottage4 ,the lord of the mansion told a strange story--how this beautiful girl of eighteen was his daughter4 ,in that hour the girl1 tall and beautiful1 turned away from palace1 lands1 position1 and1 for the love she bore him1 put her arms around ,silas ,marner and refused to leave him4 ,then something in him gave way1 and ,silas ,marner wept4 ,then confidence in man and ,god was his again4 ,love had destroyed avarice and purged away his sin4 ,for love is a civilizer2 it makes saints out of savages4 ,as an armor of ice melts before the sun1 so all vice and iniquity disappear in the presence of an overmastering affection4 ,it remains for us to consider that the absence of an enthusiastic devotion to integrity and the law of ,god explains the moral disasters and shipwrecks that have increased the tears and sorrows of mankind4 ,recently the people of this land opened their morning papers only to be deeply shocked by a rehearsal of grievous disasters1 not all of which were physical4 ,it seems that an awful cyclone had swept through a ,western community1 twisting the orchards1 destroying houses and barns1 and leaving behind a swath wide and black with destruction4 ,in addition1 the foreign news told of a volcano whose crater had suddenly poured forth a river of lurid lava1 which1 sweeping down the mountain side1 consumed the homes of the flying multitude4 ,but the saddest disaster was reserved to the last4 ,it told of the shame and sorrow1 from which there is no recovery1 that had befallen the parents and friends of three young men1 hitherto held in high honor4 ,it seems that for many years these men had been honored by their friends1 and trusted by the banks in which they were employed4 ,but in a dark hour they determined to cease to be gentlemen1 preferring1 rather1 to join the ranks of thieves4 ,despising every principle of honor1 the gold which employers committed to their care was taken1 not to the safety vault1 but distributed among gamblers and evil persons4 ,and our heavy sorrow is increased when we read in our commercial reports that last year #fbe men went astray as embezzlers1 robbing the people in forty-five states of #be1bcd1aab4 ,the time seems to have come for this nation to sit down in sackcloth and ashes4 ,to all good men comes the reflection that either this immorality must cease its ravages1 or this nation will be irretrievably disgraced4 ,were it possible to search out these unhappy men1 some of them wearing the convict's garb1 and some wandering as fugitives in foreign lands1 henceforth to be men without a country1 and question each for the cause of his deep disgrace1 from all would come this shameful confession3 ,i loved evil and hated the law of ,god4 ,not one could confess to passionate1 enthusiastic devotion to the divine laws4 ,but every tree not rooted goes down before the storm1 and every ship unanchored midst the rocks will go to pieces when the wind rises4 ,would that we could to-day cause the laws of ,god to stand forth as sharply defined as mountain peaks before the eyes of all young men2 would that we could also kindle in each a passionate love and loyal affection for these holy laws4 ,if the youth of to-day are to be the leaders of to-morrow1 and are ever to have power to stir their fellows1 to correct abuses1 revolutionize society1 or organize history1 they must1 with the enthusiasm of love1 ally themselves with ,god and ,his law1 clothing that law with flesh until it becomes visible1 clothing it with voice until it becomes eloquent1 thrilling it with power until it becomes triumphant4 ,only love fulfills law6 ,most of all does man need the enthusiasm of love toward his ,god and ,saviour4 ,in the olden time ,plato expressed a wish to have the moral law become a living personage1 that beholding1 mankind might stand amazed and entranced at her beauty4 ,the philosopher felt that abstractions were too cold to kindle the soul's enthusiasm4 ,as planets are removed from the sun1 their light and heat lessen2 their flowers fade2 their fruits lack luster2 their summers shorten4 ,thus ,neptune stands in the midst of perpetual ice and winter1 without tree or bird or human voice4 ,but as our earth approaches the direct rays of the sun1 its beauty increases1 its harvests grow heavy4 ,as if to fulfill ,plato's desire1 ,jesus ,christ drew near to our world1 not to chill man's heart1 but to strengthen his affection1 refine his reason1 enlarge his horizon4 ,how admirable ,christ's words1 how illustrious ,his work1 how divine ,his character6 ,the philosopher describes man1 but ,jesus ,christ loves man1 weeps for man1 dies for man4 ,dante inspires1 but ,jesus ,christ gives life4 ,shakespeare shines1 but ,jesus ,christ uplifts4 ,history causes the heroes of yesterday to pass before the mind1 surrounded by applauding multitudes4 ,when ,napoleon entered ,paris the people ran together with one accord1 and the tides of enthusiasm rose like a mountain freshet4 ,when ,garibaldi entered ,florence1 when ,kossuth passed up ,broadway in ,new ,york1 when ,grant1 returning homeward1 entered our own city1 the streets were filled solidly with multitudes who forgot hunger and exhaustion1 exalted by hero-worship4 ,but the divine man never stood forth in full proportion until ,jesus ,christ stepped upon this planet4 ,what strength6 ,what gentleness6 ,behold ,his exquisite sympathy6 ,behold the instinct of confidence1 that drew little children to ,his arms6 ,how did men1 defiled within and without1 throng round ,him1 while ,his presence wrought the miracle of miracles in cleansing them6 ,then for the first time in history did disheveled ones so feel the beauty of goodness that an irresistible enthusiasm drew them about ,him to kiss the very hem of ,his garment4 ,all the excellencies of life1 and more1 unite in ,him2 the orator's persuasive speech2 the artist's love of beauty2 the scholar's passion for truth2 the patriot's love of country4 ,his also is more than the love of mother1 lover1 friend1 for his is the love of ,saviour4 ,to-day ,he rises over each soul in such majesty of excellence as to include the excellencies of everything in heaven and everything on earth4 ,as the clouds sometimes1 after hanging for days and nights in the atmosphere1 at length come together and pour down their refreshing showers1 so let all that is deepest and richest and sweetest in man's thought and affection pour itself out before ,him who is worthy of the world's anthem4 ,for ,his mind will guide1 ,his mercy forgive1 ,his love redeem1 ,his hand lead--not into the abyss of death1 but unto the heavenly heights4 ,he who with ,dante looks upward to-day may behold the ,saviour's divine chariot sweeping along the confines of heaven1 a sweet light above it1 its wheels almost blocked with flowers4 ,,conscience ,,and ,,character ,there is a higher law than the constitution4--,seward4 ,whatever creed be taught1 or land be trod1 ,man's conscience is the oracle of ,god4 --,byron4 ,labor to keep alive in your breast that little spark of celestial fire called conscience4--,washington4 ,trust that man in nothing who has not a conscience in everything4--,sterne4 ,if you can find a place between the throne of ,god and the dust to which man's body crumbles1 where the fatal responsibilities of law do not weigh upon him1 ,i will find a vacuum in nature4 ,they press upon him from ,god out of eternity and from the earth out of nature1 and from every department of life1 as constant and all-surrounding as the pressure of the air4--,beecher4 ,,ix ,,conscience ,,and ,,character ,von ,humboldt said that every man1 however good1 has a yet better man within him4 ,when the outer man is unfaithful to his deeper convictions1 the hidden man whispers a protest4 ,the name of this whisper in the soul is conscience4 ,and never had monarch aspect so magisterial as when conscience terrified ,king ,herod into confession4 ,the cruel1 crafty despot had slain ,john the ,baptist to gratify the revenge of the beautiful ,jezebel1 his wife1 reproved of ,john for her outrageous sins4 ,but soon passed from memory that hateful night when the blood of a good man mingled with the red wine of the feast4 ,luxury by day and revelry by night caused the hateful incident to be forgotten4 ,soon a full year had passed over the palace with its silken seclusion4 ,one day1 when the dead prophet had long been forgotten1 a courtier at the king's table told the story of a strange carpenter1 whose name and fame were ringing through the land4 ,who is ,he8 asked the feasters1 pausing over their spiced wine4 ,who is ,he8 asked the women1 gossiping over the new sensation4 ,suddenly1 conscience touched an old memory in ,herod's heart4 ,in terror the despot rose from the banquet4 ,as in the legend1 when the murderer's finger touched the gaping wound the blood began again to flow--a silent witness against the unsuspected but guilty friend1 so ,herod's conscience opened up again his guilty secret4 ,memory1 thrusting a hooked pole into the ocean of oblivion1 brought up the pale and drowned deed4 ,the long-forgotten sin was revealed in all its ghastly atrocity4 ,it availed nothing that ,herod was a ,sadducee--the agnostic of antiquity4 ,for1 when conscience spake1 all his doubts fell away4 ,immortality and responsibility were clear as noonday4 ,holding a thousand swords in her hand1 conscience attacked the guilty king4 ,then were fulfilled ,plato's words3 ,if we could examine the heart of a king1 we would find it full of scars and black wounds4 ,for no slave was ever marked by his master's scourge as ,herod's heart was lashed by his conscience4 ,socrates told his disciples that the facts of conscience must be reckoned with as certainly as the facts of fire or wood or water4 ,none may deny the condemnation that weighed upon the soul of ,herod or ,judas1 or the approval of conscience that transfigured the face of the martyred ,stephen or ,savonarola4 ,for all happiness comes only through peace with one's self1 one's record1 and one's ,god4 ,all the great1 from schylus and ,sophocles to ,channing and ,webster1 have emphasized man's conscience as the oracle divine4 ,let the witnesses speak4 ,here is the ,judge1 famous in ,english history3 ,it became his duty to sentence a servant for murdering his master4 ,suddenly1 before the astounded onlookers1 the ,judge arose and took his place in the dock beside the prisoner4 ,he stated that1 thirty years before1 in a distant province1 he had taken the life and property of his master1 and thereby gained his present position and influence4 ,though he had never been suspected of crime1 he now begged his fellow ,judges to condemn him to the death unto which his conscience had long urged him4 ,here is the student of man and things1 ,dr4 ,samuel ,johnson3 ,in his old and honored age he goes back to ,litchfield to stand with uncovered head from morning till night in the market-place on the spot where fifteen years before he had refused to keep his father's book-stall4 ,despite the grotesque figure he made1 midst the sneers and the rain1 conscience bade him expiate his breach of filial piety4 ,and here is ,channing1 the scholar and seer3 ,a child of six years1 he lifted his stick to strike the tortoise1 as he had seen older boys do4 ,but in that moment an inner voice whispered loud and clear3 ,it is wrong4 ,in his fright the boy hastened home to fling himself into his mother's arms4 ,what was the voice8 he asked4 ,to which his mother answered3 ,men call the voice conscience2 but ,i prefer to call it the voice of ,god4 ,and always your happiness will depend upon obedience to that little voice4 ,here also is the great ,persian ,sadi4 ,one day he found a good man in the jungle1 who had been attacked by a tiger and horribly mutilated4 ,despite his dreadful agony1 the dying man's features were calm and serene4 ,great ,god1 said he1 ,i thank thee that ,i am only suffering from the fangs of the tiger and not of remorse4 ,and here is ,professor ,webster1 endungeoned for the murder of ,dr4 ,parkman4 ,one morning he sent for his jailer and asked to be placed in another cell4 ,at midnight1 he said1 the prisoners in the next cell tap on the wall and whisper1 ',thou art a murderer4' ,now there were no prisoners in the next cell4 ,the whispers were the echoes of a guilty conscience4 ,daniel ,webster also testifies3 ,once he was asked what was the greatest thought that had ever occupied his mind4 ,who are here8 ,only your friends4 ,then this colossal man answered3 ,there is no evil we can not face or flee from but the consequences of duty disregarded4 ,a sense of obligation pursues us ever4 ,it is omnipresent like the ,deity4 ,if we take to ourselves wings of the morning and dwell in the uttermost parts of the sea1 duty performed or duty violated is still with us1 for our happiness or our misery4 ,if we say that darkness shall cover us1 in the darkness as in the light1 our obligations are yet with us4 ,we can not escape their power nor fly from their presence4 ,they are with us in this life1 will be with us at its close1 and in that scene of inconceivable solemnity which lies yet farther on we shall find ourselves followed by the consciousness of duty--to pain us forever if it has been violated1 and to console us so far as ,god has given us grace to perform it4 ,weighed against conscience the world itself is but a bubble4 ,for ,god himself is in conscience lending it authority4 ,we also owe the great dramatists and novelists a debt1 in that they have portrayed and analyzed the essential facts of man's moral life4 ,that which ,shakespeare does for us in ,macbeth1 ,victor ,hugo does in his ,les ,misrables4 ,the latter work1 always ranked as one of the seven great novels1 exhibits happiness and character as fruits of obedience to the soul's inner circle4 ,jean ,valjean was an escaped convict4 ,going into a distant province he assumed a new name and began life again4 ,he invented a machine1 amassed wealth1 became mayor of the town1 was honored and beloved by all4 ,one evening the good mayor heard of an old man in another town who had been arrested for stealing fruit4 ,the officer apprehending him perceived in the old man a striking resemblance to ,jean ,valjean4 ,despite his protests he was tried as ,jean ,valjean1 and was about to be remanded to prison--this time for life4 ,unless some one cleared him he must go to the galleys4 ,only ,jean ,valjean himself can clear the stranger4 ,how clear him8 ,by confessing his identity and going himself4 ,in that hour the mayor's brain reeled4 ,he retired to his inner room4 ,then the tempest raged in his brain as a cyclone rages through the trees1 twisting off the branches and pulling up the roots4 ,must he go back again to the galleys with their profanity and obscenity8 ,must he resign his mayoralty and his wealth8 ,must he give up his life1 so useful and helpful1 and all to save a possible year or two of life for this old man8 ,were not these two young wards whom he was supporting more than this one old wreck8 ,fate had decided4 ,let the old man go to the galleys4 ,then with muscles tense as steel1 with jugular vein all swollen and purple1 ,jean ,valjean took the two candlesticks given him by the ,bishop1 his thorn cane1 the coin taken from the boy1 and cast all upon the blazing coals4 ,soon the flames had licked all up4 ,then ,victor ,hugo says3 ,jean ,valjean heard a burst of internal laughter4 ,what was it in him jeering and mocking8 ,at midnight from sheer exhaustion the mayor slept4 ,dreaming1 he seemed to be in a hall of justice where an old man was being tried4 ,there were roses in the vase1 only sin had bleached the crimson petals gray4 ,the sunlight came through the window1 only sin had washed the color from the sunbeam and left the golden rays ashen pale4 ,all the people were silent4 ,at length an officer touched the mayor and said3 ,do you know you have been dead a long while8 ,your body lives1 but you died when you slew your conscience4 ,suddenly a voice said3 ,jean ,valjean1 you may melt the candlestick1 burn your clothes1 change your face1 but ,god sees you4 ,afterward came a second burst of internal laughter4 ,then the mayor arose swiftly1 took his horse1 drove hard all night and reached the distant village to enter the courtroom just as the old man was about to be sent to the galleys4 ,ascending the prisoner's dock1 he confessed his identity4 ,victor ,hugo tells us that in that hour the judge and the lawyer saw a strange light upon the mayor's face1 and felt a light within dazzling their hearts4 ,it was the same light that fell on the ,german monk's face when before the ,emperor at ,worms he said3 ,i cannot and will not recant6 and then boldly fronted death4 ,conscience shining through made ,luther's face luminous1 as it had made the face of ,moses before him6 ,as obedience to the behests of conscience has always yielded happiness and formed character1 so disobedience has always destroyed manhood4 ,the great novelists have exhibited the deterioration of character in their hero as beginning with a sin against the sense of duty4 ,in ,romola1 ,george ,eliot exhibits ,tito as a gifted and ideal youth4 ,the orphan child was adopted by the ,greek scholar1 who lavished upon him all the gifts of affection1 all the culture and embellishments of the schools1 all the comforts of a beautiful home2 and when the longing for foreign travel came upon the youth the foster-father could not deny him1 but took passage for ,tito and himself and sailed for ,alexandria4 ,but the motto of ,tito's life was1 get all the pleasure you can1 avoid all the pain4 ,soon the old scholar became a clog and a burden4 ,one night1 conscience battled for its life with ,tito4 ,at midnight the youth arose1 unbuckled from his father's waist the leather belt stuffed with jewels1 and fled into the night1 leaving the gray-haired man among strangers whose language he could not speak4 ,then this youth sailed away to ,florence4 ,there his handsome person1 his ,southern beauty1 his grace of address1 his aptitude for affairs1 won him the admiration of the wisest statesmen and the heart of one of the noblest of women4 ,but all the time we feel toward this beautiful youth that same loathing and contempt that we feel toward a beautiful young tiger4 ,tito had no conscience toward ,romola1 no conscience toward her father's priceless library1 no conscience toward the patriots struggling for the city's liberty2 he played the traitor toward all4 ,his soul was1 indeed1 sheathed in a glowing and beautiful body2 but it was the corpse sheathed over with flowers and vines2 and so conscience becomes an avenger upon ,tito4 ,when the keystone goes from the arch1 all must crash down in ruins4 ,unconsciously but surely the youth moved toward his destruction4 ,the day of doom was delayed1 but there came an hour when conscience first drove ,tito into the ,arno's swift current1 and then became a millstone1 that sunk him into the deep abyss4 ,for ours is a world in which nature and ,god cannot afford to permit sin to prosper4 ,conscience is ,god's avenger4 ,open all the master books1 and they portray the same truth4 ,three of the seven greatest novels deal with conscience4 ,seven of the world's greatest dramas are studies of conscience and of duty4 ,the masterpieces of ,sophocles and schylus1 of ,dante and ,milton1 of ,gethe and ,byron1 are all studies of the soul's oracle1 that1 disobeyed1 hurls man into the abyss1 or1 followed1 becomes wings1 lifting him into the open sky4 ,demosthenes said that knowledge begins with definition4 ,what1 then1 is conscience8 ,many misconceptions have prevailed4 ,multitudes suppose it to be a distinct faculty4 ,the eye tests colors for beauty1 the ear tests sounds for harmony1 the reason tests arguments for truth1 and there is a popular notion that conscience is a distinct faculty1 testing deeds for morality4 ,many suppose that1 when ,god made man1 ,he implanted conscience as an automatic moral mechanism1 a kind of inner mind1 to act in his absence2 but conscience is not a single faculty4 ,it includes many faculties1 and is complex in nature4 ,it has an intellectual element1 and this is distinctly fallible and capable of education4 ,witness the ,indians1 believing it to be right to kill aged persons4 ,witness savages of old1 sacrificing their children to appease the gods4 ,just as there has been an evolution in tools1 in laws and in institutions1 so has there been an evolution of the intellectual element in conscience4 ,thucydides tells us that the time was in ,sparta when stealing was right4 ,in that far-off time a boy was praised for exhibiting skill and dexterity in pilfering4 ,stealing was disgraceful and wrong only when it was found out1 and1 if the theft was large and skillfully done1 it won honor--a condition of things that still prevails in some sections4 ,never since man stepped foot upon this planet has there been a time when conscience1 the judge1 has praised a ,david when sinning against what he believed to be the law of right2 never once has it condemned a ,daniel in doing what he believed to be right4 ,in this sense conscience is1 indeed1 infallible and is the very voice and regent of ,god4 ,since1 therefore1 conscience partakes of this divine nature and speaks as an oracle1 what are its uses and functions8 ,primarily1 the moral sense furnishes a standard and tests actions for righteousness or iniquity4 ,to its judgment-seat comes reason1 with its purposes and ambitions4 ,when his color sense is jaded the artist uses the sapphire or ruby to bring his tints up to perfection4 ,and when contact with selfishness or sordidness has soiled the soul's garments1 dulled its instruments1 and lowered its standards1 then conscience comes in to freshen the ideals and to smite vice and vulgarity4 ,in these luminous hours when conscience causes the deeper convictions to prevail1 how beautiful seem truth and purity and justice6 ,how does the soul revolt from iniquity1 even as the eye revolts from the slough or the nostril from filth6 ,conscience has also relations to judgment4 ,it pronounces upon the inner motive that colors the deeds1 for it is the motive within that makes the actions without right or wrong4 ,when ,coleridge1 the schoolboy1 was going along the street thinking of the story of ,hero and ,leander and imagining himself to be swimming the ,hellespont1 he threw wide his arms as though breasting the waves4 ,unfortunately1 his hand struck the pocket of a passer-by and knocked out a purse4 ,the outer deed was that of a pickpocket and could have sent the youth to jail4 ,the inner motive was that of an imaginative youth deeply impressed by the story he was translating from the ,greek1 and that inner motive made the owner of the purse his friend and sent young ,coleridge to college4 ,thus1 the philosopher tells us1 the motive made what was outwardly wrong to be inwardly right4 ,memory1 too1 is influenced by the moral ,faculty4 ,memory gathers up all our yesterdays4 ,often her writing is invisible1 like that of a penman writing with lemon juice1 taking note of each transgression and recording words that will appear when held up to the heat of fire4 ,very strangely does conscience bring out the processes of memory4 ,sir ,william ,hamilton tells of a little child brought to ,england at four years of age4 ,when a few brief summers and winters had passed over his head1 the language of far-off ,russia had passed completely out of the child's mind4 ,seventy years afterward1 stricken with his last illness1 in his delirium the man spoke with perfect ease in the language of childhood4 ,in moments of extreme excitement1 when ships go down or death is imminent1 conscience doth so quicken the mind that all the deeds and thoughts of an entire career are reviewed within a few minutes4 ,scholars have been deeply impressed with this unique fact4 ,seeking to interpret it1 ,walter ,scott takes us into the castle where a foul murder was committed4 ,so deeply did the red current stain the floor that1 though the servants scrubbed and scrubbed and planed and planed1 still the dull red stains oozed up through the oaken planks4 ,this is the great ,scotchman's way of saying that our deeds stain through the very fiber and substance of the soul4 ,looking backward1 we see only here and there a peak of remembrance standing out midst the sea of forgetfulness1 even as the islands in the ,west ,indies stand out midst the ocean4 ,but each of these island peaks represents a submerged continent4 ,drain off the sea1 and the mountains ease off toward the foothills and the hills toward the great plains that make up the hidden land4 ,thus the isolated memories of the past are all united1 and will at length stand forth in perfect revelation4 ,verily1 conscience is a witness1 secretly taking notes1 even as good ,latimer in his cell overheard the scratching of the pen in the chimney behind the curtain4 ,conscience is a judge1 and1 though juries nod and witnesses may be bribed1 conscience never slumbers and never sleeps4 ,conscience is a monarch1 and1 though to-day the soul's king be deposed from its throne1 to-morrow it will ascend to the judgment-seat and lift the scepter4 ,for conscience represents ,god and acts in ,his stead4 ,consider the workings of conscience in daily life4 ,the ideal man is he who is equally conscientious toward intellect and affection1 toward plan and purpose4 ,but in practical life men are ,christian only in spots and departments4 ,the soul may be likened unto a house1 and conscience is the furnace thereof4 ,sometimes the householder turns the heat into the sitting-room and parlor1 but in the other rooms he turns off the warm currents of air4 ,sometimes heat is turned into the upper rooms1 while the lower rooms are cold4 ,thus conscience1 that should govern all faculties alike1 is largely departmental in its workings4 ,some men are conscientious toward ,sunday1 but not toward the week days4 ,on ,sunday they sing like saints1 on ,monday they act like demons4 ,on the morning of ,st4 ,bartholomew's massacre1 ,charles ,,ix was conscientious toward the cathedral and attended mass during three hours2 in the evening he filled the streets of ,paris with rivers of blood4 ,john ,calvin was conscientious toward his logical system4 ,he was very faithful to his theology1 but he had no conscience toward his fellows1 and burned ,servetus without a sympathetic throb4 ,in the ,middle ,ages conscience worked toward outer forms4 ,in those days the baron and priest made a contract4 ,the general led his peasants forth to burn and pillage and kill1 and the priest absolved the murderers for five per cent of the profits4 ,men were very conscientious toward absolution1 but not at all toward the neighbor's flocks and barns4 ,in others conscience is largely superstition4 ,recently an officer of our army found himself sitting beside his host at a table containing thirteen guests4 ,the soldier1 who perhaps would have braved death on the battle-field1 was pricked by his conscience for sitting at table where the guests numbered thirteen4 ,but he was afraid to die at the dinner-table4 ,he believed that the great ,god who makes suns and stars and blazing planets to fly from ,his hand as sparks beneath the hammer of a smith1 the god of ,sirius and ,orion1 always stopped his work at six o'clock to count the guests around each table1 and if he found perchance there were thirteen1 then would lift his arrow to the bow to let fly the deadly shaft upon these awful sinners against the law of twelve chairs or fourteen4 ,singularly enough1 now and then an individual is conscientious toward some charm1 as in the case of a merchant who presently discovered that he had left his buckeye at home4 ,he had carried this for twenty years4 ,had he forgotten to pray he would not have gone home to fall upon his knees4 ,nature and ,god were in the merchant's counting-room1 but not the buckeye4 ,so he hurriedly left his office to bring back the agent that secured all his success and prosperity4 ,then1 there is a commercial conscience4 ,some men feel that the law of right is chiefly binding upon a man in his business relations4 ,they exile themselves from home1 break the laws of love and companionship with the wife whom they have engaged to cherish and love1 until they become strangers to her4 ,but conscience does not prick them4 ,home1 friends1 music1 culture1 all these may be neglected--but the business1 never4 ,others there are whose consciences work largely toward the home4 ,when they cross their own thresholds they are genial1 kind and delightful4 ,as hosts they are famed for their companionship4 ,dying1 their fame is gathered up by the expressions1 good husband1 good father1 good provider4 ,but they have no conscience toward the street4 ,they count other men their prey1 being grasping1 greedy and avaricious4 ,they feel about their fellows just as men do about the timber in the forest4 ,when a man wants timber for his house1 he says1 ,that is the tree ,i want1 and the woodsman fells it and squares it for the sill4 ,does he want stone for his foundations or marble for his finishings8 ,there are the rocks2 quarry them4 ,men go into inanimate nature and get the materials they need4 ,nor is it very different in the great world of business and ambition4 ,the giant takes one man for the foundation and cuts him down and builds him into the walls2 he selects another man and uses him up1 building his substance into the structure2 he looks upon his fellows as the shepherd upon his flocks--so much wool to be sheared4 ,nor is the work of conscience very different in the moral and spiritual realm4 ,here is one man who is conscientious toward yesterday4 ,ten years ago1 he says1 while kneeling in the field light broke through the clouds and he obtained a hope4 ,and every ,sunday since that day he has not failed to recall that scene4 ,he is not conscientious about having a new1 fresh1 crisp1 vital experience for to-day1 but he is conscientiously faithful in recalling that old experience4 ,it is all as foolish as if he should say that ten years ago he had a bath1 or ten years ago he drank at the bubbling spring1 or ten years ago he met a friend4 ,what about to-day's purity1 to-day's loaf and to-day's friendships8 ,the heart should count no manna good that is not gathered fresh each morning4 ,others there are whose conscience works largely toward doctrine and intellectual statements4 ,with them ,christianity is a function of thought in the brain4 ,these are they who want every sermon to consist of linked arguments4 ,the good deacon sits in his pew and listens to the unfolding of proofs of election or foreordination4 ,when the arguments have been piled up to sixteen or eighteen1 the good man begins to chuckle with delight1 saying1 ,verily1 this is a high day in ,israel2 my soul feasts on fat things4 ,other men want some flesh on their skeletons1 but he is fed on the dry bones of logic4 ,sometimes conscience affects only the feelings4 ,fifty years ago there was a type numbering hundreds of thousands of persons whose religion was largely emotional4 ,in great camp-meetings filled with a warm atmosphere men showed at their best4 ,the sunny spot of all the year was the month of revival meetings4 ,then they experienced the luxury of spiritual enjoyment4 ,they lived on the top of some ,mount of ,transfiguration1 while the world below was thundering with wickedness and tormented with passion4 ,men became drunk with emotions4 ,religion was an exquisite form of spiritual selfishness4 ,afterward came an era when men learned to transmute feelings into thoughts and fidelities toward friendships and business and duty4 ,at other times conscience has had unique manifestations in fidelity toward creeds4 ,now one denomination and now another1 forgetting to be conscientious in meeting together for days and weeks to plan in the interests of the pauper1 the orphans1 the tenement house or the foreign district in the great city1 will through months of excitement exhibit conscience toward some doctrinal symbol4 ,witness the recent upheaval about inspiration4 ,as water bubbling up through the spring was once rain that fell from the sky1 so the truth coming through the lips of poet or prophet was first breathed into the heart by ,god4 ,recently a good professor thought more emphasis should be laid upon the human spring4 ,but his opponents thought the emphasis should be placed upon the sky1 from which the rain fell4 ,in the broil about the nature of the water1 the spring itself was soiled1 much mud stirred up1 until multitudes wholly forgot the spring1 and many knew not whether there was any water of life4 ,but conscience in some1 means fidelity to what man and ,god did--not what ,god is doing or will do4 ,when the flowing sap under the stimulus of the sun causes the tree to grow and splits the bark1 men rejoice that the bark is rent and that new and larger growths must be inserted4 ,sometimes a child1 long feeble and sickly1 enters upon a period of very rapid growth4 ,soon the boy's old clothes are too small1 and so is his hat4 ,but what if the parents should remember only that the clothes and hat came from some famous pattern8 ,what if in their zeal to preserve the hat they should put an iron band about the boy's forehead and never permit it to increase so that the hat would not fit8 ,what if they should put a strait-jacket about the chest to restrain the stature8 ,this would show great zeal toward the hat and the coat1 but meanwhile what is to become of the boy8 ,strange that men should be so conscientious toward an intellectual symbol1 but forget to give liberty to other men's consciences who day and night seek to please ,god and be true to their beliefs4 ,thus in a thousand ways conscience is partial and fragmentary in its workings4 ,only one full-orbed man has ever trod our earth6 ,god's crowning gift to man is the gift of conscience4 ,reason is a noble and kingly faculty1 turning reveries into orations and conversations into books4 ,imagination is a stately and divine gift1 turning thoughts into poems and blocks of stone into statues4 ,great is the power of an eloquent tongue instructing men1 restraining1 inspiring1 stimulating vast multitudes4 ,great are the joys of memory1 that gallery stored with pictures of the past4 ,but there is no genius of mind or heart comparable to a vigorous conscience1 magisterial1 clear-eyed1 wide-looking4 ,he who gave all-comprehending reason1 all-judging reason1 reserved his best gift to the last--then gave the gift of conscience4 ,man is a pilgrim and conscience is the guide1 leading him safely through forests and thickets1 restraining from the paths of wrong1 pointing out the ways of right4 ,man is a voyager and conscience is his compass4 ,the sails may be swept away1 and the engines stopped1 but the voyager yet may be saved if only the compass is kept4 ,in time of danger man may be careless about his garments1 but not about his hand or foot or eye4 ,it is possible to sustain the loss of wealth1 friends and outer honors1 but no man can sustain the loss of conscience4 ,it is the soul's eye4 ,afar off it sees the face of ,god4 ,instructed1 guided1 loved1 and redeemed by ,jesus ,christ1 he who while living is at peace with his ,master and with his conscience will1 when dying1 find himself at peace with his ,god4 ,,visions ,,that ,,disturb ,,contentment ,like other gently nurtured ,boston boys1 ,wendell ,phillips began the study of law4 ,doubtless the sirens sang to him1 as to the noble youth of every country and time4 ,musing over ,coke and ,blackstone1 perhaps he saw himself succeeding ,ames and ,otis and ,webster1 the idol of society1 the applauded orator1 the brilliant champion of the elegant ease1 and the cultivated conservatism of ,massachusetts4 99 99 99 ,but one ,october day he saw an ,american citizen assailed by a furious mob in the city of ,james ,otis for saying with ,james ,otis that a man's right to liberty is inherent and inalienable4 ,as the jail doors closed upon ,garrison to save his life1 ,garrison and his cause had won their most powerful and renowned ally4 ,with the setting of that ,october sun1 vanished forever the career of prosperous ease1 the gratification of ordinary ambition1 which the genius and the accomplishments of ,wendell ,phillips had seemed to foretell4 ,yes1 the long-awaited client had come at last4 ,scarred1 scorned and forsaken1 that cowering and friendless client was wronged and degraded humanity4 ,the great soul saw and understood4--,oration on ,wendell ,phillips by ,george ,wm4 ,curtis4 ,x ,,visions ,,that ,,disturb ,,contentment ,every community holds a few happy and buoyant souls1 that are so sustained by inner hope and outer prosperity as to seem the elect children of good fortune4 ,these are they who are born only to the best things1 for whom1 as life goes on1 the years do but increase happiness and success4 ,for other men happiness is occasional1 and life offers now and then a bright interval1 even as an open glade is found here and there in the dark forest4 ,among these sunny souls1 dwelling midst constant prosperity1 let us hasten to include that youth to whom ,christ made overtures of friendship4 ,his was a frank and open nature1 his a fresh and unsullied heart4 ,he had also a certain grace and indescribable charm that clothed him with rare attraction4 ,wealth1 too1 was his1 and all the advantages that go therewith4 ,yet ease had not enervated him1 nor position made him proud4 ,he had indeed passed through the fierce fires of temptation1 but had come out with spotless garments4 ,beholding him1 ,christ loved him2 nor could it have been otherwise4 ,some men we force ourselves to like4 ,for reasons of finance or social advantage1 men ignore their faults1 while cherishing a secret dislike4 ,but others are so attractive1 they compel our friendship by a certain sweet necessity4 ,the eye must needs like the rich red rose1 and the ear can not but enjoy the sweet song4 ,and this youth stood forth clothed with such rare attraction that it is said ,christ cast one long lingering look of affection upon him2 then widening the circle of friendship1 he offered the young ruler a place therein4 ,it was an overture such as ,socrates made to the boy ,plato2 it was a proffer such as ,michael ,angelo made to the poor young artist who knocked at his door4 ,recalling the day when he met ,gethe1 ,schiller was accustomed to say his creative literary career began with ,gethe's proffer of friendship4 ,carlyle tells us that each new epoch in his life began with the acquaintance of some great man4 ,for it is not given to books nor business1 to landscapes nor clouds nor forests1 to have full power over the living man4 ,only mind can quicken mind1 only heart can quicken heart4 ,what would the youth of genius not give for the friendship of some ,bacon or ,shakespeare8 ,but when this youth won ,christ's regard1 it was as if all the children of genius had come together in ,christ's single person1 to proffer intimacy and companionship4 ,his great soul overhung his friends as the harvests overarch the fields1 filling the flowers with heat by day1 and cooling them with dews by night4 ,his friendship is like a mother's1 a lover's1 a friend's1 but larger than either1 and deeper than all4 ,the rising of a star1 that glows and sparkles with ten thousand effects1 can alone be compared to this ,son of ,man1 who flamed forth upon his friends such majesty of beauty1 such royalty of kindling influences4 ,for centuries scholars have spoken of this interview between ,christ and the young ruler as the great refusal4 ,dante1 wandering with ,virgil through the ,inferno1 thought he saw this young ruler searching for his lost opportunity4 ,for this ruler was the ,hamlet of the ,new ,testament4 ,like the ,prince of ,denmark1 he stood midway between his conscience and his task1 and indecision slew him4 ,it has been said that ,hamlet could have been happy had he remained in ignorance of his duty1 or had he boldly obeyed the vision which called him to action4 ,it was because he knew more than he had the courage to do that a discord arose1 which destroyed the symmetry and sanity of his mind4 ,his madness grew out of the breach between his enlarged and haunting sense of right and his faltering ability to face and fulfill it4 ,thus also the tragedy of this young ruler's life grew out of the fact that the new aspiration made his old contentment impossible1 and compelled him either to go on with boldness to better things1 or to go back to emptiness and misery4 ,beholding him1 ,christ loved him for what he was1 and pointed out what he might become4 ,he knew that the better was a great enemy of the best4 ,for ,christ had the double vision of the sculptor4 ,before him was the mass of marble1 rude and shapeless4 ,but the outer shapelessness concealed the inner symmetry4 ,only the flying chips could let loose the form of glowing beauty hidden within4 ,and before that youth he lifted up a vision of still better things4 ,he set the youth midway between the man he was and the man he might become4 ,he had achieved so much that ,christ would fain lead him on to perfection itself4 ,when the husbandman beholds his vines entering into leafage and blossom1 he nurtures them on into fruitage4 ,when ,arnold finds some young ,stanley ready to graduate1 he whispers3 ,one thing thou lackest2 let all thy life become one eager pursuit of knowledge4 ,and to this youth who had climbed so high came the vision of something fairer and better still4 ,going on before1 ,christ lured him forward1 even as of old the goddess lured the ,grecian boy forward by rolling rosy apples along the path4 ,but the interview ended with the great refusal4 ,and the youth went away1 not angry nor rebellious1 but sad and deeply grieved at himself4 ,for now he knew how far his aspiration outran performance4 ,like ,hamlet1 indecision palsied action4 ,contentment perished1 for the vision of perfection ever haunted him4 ,at first ,christ's words and look of earnest affection filled his heart with a tumult of joy3 but having fallen back into the old sordid self1 the very memory of his master's face became a curse and torture4 ,and so the vision blighted that should have blessed4 ,now1 the lives of great men tell us that ,god has always used visions for disturbing contentment1 destroying ease1 and securing progress4 ,witness the life of that young patrician1 ,wendell ,phillips4 ,his college mates love to describe him as they first saw him in the halls of ,cambridge4 ,his elegant person1 his accomplished manners1 his refined scholarship1 made him the idol of the ,harvard boys4 ,even in his youthful days he excelled as an orator1 and was the easy master of the platform4 ,but to him came the sirens singing of leisure1 of opulence1 and ambition4 ,full oft he looked forward to the day when he would be the champion of elegant repose and cultivated conservatism of the patrician element in his patrician state4 ,but suddenly the ,christ1 in the person of one of his little ones1 crossed the young scholar's path4 ,one golden ,october afternoon1 while ,wendell ,phillips was sitting in his office1 he heard the noise of a strange disturbance in the street4 ,looking out he saw the mob maltreating ,garrison1 as1 with blows and kicks1 they dragged him toward the jail4 ,all that night young ,phillips lay tossing on his couch1 thinking ever of this man who had been mobbed in the city where ,otis had said ,liberty of speech is inalienable4 ,all that night the vision of the slave1 scarred and scorned and forsaken1 stood before his mind1 while ever he heard a voice whispering3 ,inasmuch as ye have done it unto one of the least of these my brethren1 ye have done it unto me4 ,in that vision hour perished forever all his dreams of opulence and ease4 ,he decided to turn his back upon all preferment and ambition1 all comfort and leisure1 and follow his vision whithersoever it led4 ,soon the vision led him to the platform of ,faneuil ,hall1 where an official was justifying the murderers of ,lovejoy4 ,mr4 ,chairman1 he said1 when ,i heard the gentleman lay down principles which placed the murderers of ,alton side by side with ,otis and ,hancock1 with ,quincy and ,adams1 ,i thought those pictured lips would have broken into voice to rebuke the recreant ,american1 the slanderer of the dead4 ,and that vision lent his words such burning eloquence that ,wendell ,phillips' speech in ,faneuil ,hall ranks with ,patrick ,henry's at ,williamsburg and ,abraham ,lincoln's at ,gettysburg--and there is no fourth4 ,his vision led him unto obloquy also4 ,what revilings were his6 ,what bitter hatred6 ,what insults and scoffs6 ,at last the vision led him unto fame4 ,the very city that would have slain him builded his monument1 and men who once would not defile their lips with his name taught their children the pathway to his tomb4 ,it was that vision splendid that saved ,phillips from sodden contentment4 ,had ,christ never crossed his path1 his imagination would have lost its brightest picture1 his life its noblest impulses1 its most energetic forces4 ,and not only have visions power to shape young men's lives4 ,to the mature and the great also come dreams of ideal excellence1 smiting selfishness1 rebuking sin1 taking the sweetness out of sordid success1 and urging men on to higher achievements4 ,the biographers have never been able to fully account for the pathetic sadness and gloom of the closing days of ,daniel ,webster4 ,horace ,greeley once said that ,webster's intellect is the greatest emanation from the ,almighty mind now embodied4 ,for picturesque majesty and overpowering mentality he is doubtless our most striking figure4 ,that enormous and beautiful head1 those wonderful eyes1 that stately carriage1 that ,jove-like front1 led men to call him the godlike ,daniel4 ,when he appeared upon the ,strand in ,london a great crowd followed him1 and a ,british statesman described ,webster as one describes a majestic landscape or the sublimity of a mountain4 ,but during the last years of his life his face took on a strangely pathetic sorrow4 ,with the language of a ,dante his biographer has pictured for us an ,inferno1 in which we see one1 sublime of reason1 walking in the very prime and strength and grandeur of full manhood1 yet walking in a round of night1 in a realm of bitterness1 ever gnawed by disappointment and consumed by fierce ambition4 ,he sank into his grave1 says the historian1 under a heart-crushing load of political despair4 ,but disappointed ambition cannot account for ,daniel ,webster's sadness and woe4 ,strength was his for supporting the loss of a nomination4 ,he knew that his title1 ,defender of the ,constitution1 was fully equal to the title of ,president4 ,he was too great a man to have his heart broken by the loss of political honor4 ,what was his woe8 ,let us remember the young ruler who was sad and grieved after he met ,christ1 and had refused to obey the heavenly vision4 ,let us remember the dream that came to ,pilate1 and how1 afterward1 the great ,roman was uneasy and restless4 ,and to ,daniel ,webster there came the memory of his speech in favor of a law compelling men in the ,north to send fugitive slaves back to their masters2 and there also came the words of ,christ1 who said3 ,i am come to give deliverance to the captive4 ,and looking forward1 ,webster anticipated the judgment of the generations upon the breach between his duty and his performance4 ,that vision of higher things haunted him4 ,oft he heaved sighs of bitter regret4 ,daniel ,webster was saddened and deeply grieved at what he himself had done4 ,for the hope of the ,presidency he sacrificed his convictions as to the slave4 ,the heavenly vision bade him deliver the captives1 not send them back into slavery4 ,no political disappointment crushed ,daniel ,webster4 ,the consciousness of duty performed would have sustained him under any sorrow4 ,it was the consciousness of having sinned against the heavenly vision that broke his heart1 and brought ,webster's gray hairs down with sorrow to the grave6 ,plutarch tells us that the finest culture comes from the study of men in their best moods4 ,but always life's best moods come through these heavenly visions4 ,george ,eliot makes the destiny of each hero or heroine to turn upon the use of those critical hours when some ideal fronts the soul for acceptance or rejection4 ,to ,maggie ,tulliver came a delicious moment when her lover offered her honorable marriage1 and would have led her into a perfumed garden of perfect happiness4 ,but just in that hour when joy bubbled like a little spring in her heart1 there came the memory of the crippled boy1 to whom years before in her childhood she had plighted her troth4 ,and the vision of her duty and the thought of his disappointment led her to refuse pleasure's spiced cup1 and choose self-renunciation and a life for others4 ,that heavenly vision saved her from plunging into the abyss of selfishness1 even as the lightning's flash in the dark night reveals the precipice to the startled traveler4 ,and when the visions divine have rebuked selfishness1 they go on to conquer sin4 ,hawthorne uses the vision for redeeming his hero4 ,to ,arthur ,dimmesdale1 pursued by his enemy1 came the dream of freedom1 when1 journeying to a foreign land with ,hester and ,pearl1 he might regain health and happiness and find peace again in walking in the dear old paths of wisdom and study4 ,but the day before his ship sailed came the vision splendid1 bidding him mount the scaffold1 confess his wrong1 and free his conscience of its guilt4 ,and it was obedience thereto that redeemed his life from hypocrisy4 ,and1 having saved men from wrong1 the vision goes on to secure their service for the right4 ,here is that colored woman1 ,harriet ,tubman1 whom ,john ,brown introduced to ,wendell ,phillips as the best and bravest person upon our continent4 ,if ,frederick ,douglass wrought in the day1 ,harriet ,tubman toiled at night2 for when the man had praise and honor1 the black woman had only obscurity and neglect4 ,when this bravest of her race escaped from slavery in #ahej and reached ,canada she exclaimed exultingly1 ,i have only one more journey to make--the journey to heaven4 ,but in that hour when the tides of joy rose highest there came the vision calling her back to danger and service4 ,she was not disobedient thereto1 but turned her face again toward the cotton fields4 ,between #ahej and #ahfj she made nineteen trips into the ,south1 and rescued over three hundred slaves4 ,one day while lying in a swamp with her band of fugitives1 a black man brought her word that a reward of #dj1jjj had been offered by the slave dealers of ,virginia for her apprehension4 ,hard pressed by her pursuers1 she sent her fugitives on by a secret route and went herself to the train4 ,but when she saw in the car advertisements for her arrest she left the ,northern train and took the next one going south1 thinking by her fearlessness to escape detection1 and also to collect a new band of fugitives4 ,and so her people came to call ,harriet ,tubman the ,moses of the black race4 ,and1 following on1 the vision lifted her to a place among those whom the world will not willingly let die4 ,when the vision has redeemed bad men to good deeds it goes on to redeem good ones unto perfection4 ,here is ,channing1 with his cultured scholarship1 his refined manners1 his gentle goodness4 ,so heavy were the drafts study made upon his strength that at length came a day when the mere delivery of his sermons and orations left him physically exhausted4 ,but he went smilingly and forever from the pulpit1 and gave up also the use of his pen4 ,in that hour1 when sorrow and gloom rested heavily upon those who loved him1 the vision shone clearly for ,channing4 ,he determined to turn his whole life into a sermon and poem4 ,with pathetic eloquence he said1 ,it is1 indeed1 forbidden me to write or speak1 but not to aspire and be4 ,to live content with small means2 to seek elegance rather than luxury1 and refinement rather than fashion2 to be worthy1 not respectable1 and wealthy1 not rich2 to do all cheerfully1 bear all bravely2 to listen to stars and birds1 to babes and sages1 with open heart2 to study hard1 think quietly1 act frankly1 talk gently1 await occasions1 hurry never--in a word1 to let the spiritual1 unbidden and unconscious1 grow up through the common--this is to be my symphony4 ,into our nation also has come the disturbing vision4 ,ours is called an age of unrest4 ,we hear much about social discontent4 ,beneath all the outer activity and bustle there is an undertone of profound sadness4 ,neither wealth1 pleasure1 nor politics has availed to conceal the world's weariness4 ,strangely enough1 just at a time when prosperity is greatly increased1 when our homes are full of comforts and conveniences1 when all the forces of land and sea and sky have lent themselves to man as willing servants1 to carry his messages1 run his errands1 reap his harvests1 pull his trains1 and push his ships2 in an age when a thousand instruments that make for refinement and culture have been invented1 just at this time1 strangely enough1 unrest and disquietude have fallen upon our people4 ,why is our age so sad8 ,has ,schopenhauer carried the judgment of mankind by his favorite motto1 ,it is safer to trust fear than faith8 ,is it because our age has lost faith in ,god8 ,have doubt and skepticism burned the divine dew off the grass1 and left it sere and brown8 ,nay1 a thousand times nay6 ,the world is sad because it has found ,god1 not lost him4 ,man is weary in the midst of his wealth and pleasures for the same reason that the young ruler was grieved and sad in the midst of his great possessions4 ,our age has seen the vision splendid1 but halts undecided1 being yet unwilling to go on and fulfill its new ideals4 ,for those who have eyes to see1 ,jesus ,christ stands again in the market and the street4 ,he has given society a new vision of the earth as a possible paradise1 filled with the fruits of peace and plenty where none know surfeit1 and none know want4 ,he has given a vision of the brotherhood of man and the fatherhood of ,god1 and that vision has destroyed the old contentment4 ,our fathers were happy because what they did kept pace with what they saw4 ,and we are unhappy because we are unwilling to do what we see4 ,this vision of possible excellence will continue to haunt our generation until performance shall have overtaken the ideal promise4 ,all the processes of buying and selling without must be carried up to meet the requirements of the vision within4 ,just as in ,luther's day the vision divine disturbed ,germany and filled the land with unrest until the people achieved spiritual freedom2 just as in ,cromwell's day the vision of freedom in political relations came to ,england and gave disturbance until the doctrine of the divine right of kings was overthrown2 just as in our own day the vision of liberty for all1 without regard to race or color1 disturbed our land and filled our council chambers with conflict and strife1 and turned the ,south into one immense battle-field1 until the laws of the ,nation matched the ideals of ,god--so to-day1 the vision of the brotherhood of man in ,jesus ,christ has fallen upon the home1 the market1 and the forum1 and brought restlessness and discontent to our people4 ,our colleges are restless1 and by the university extension plans are seeking to fulfill their vision of wisdom for all4 ,the church hath seen the heavenly vision1 and1 restless and grieved at its own failures1 is rewriting its creeds1 inventing new methods of social sympathy and social help1 and is seeking eagerly to fulfill its vision4 ,wealth too1 is discontented1 and by manifold gifts is becoming the almoner of universal bounty toward school and college1 and gallery and church4 ,looking toward the council chamber1 society is becoming restless1 and feeling that the council chamber should be as sacred as a temple1 and that as of old so now evil men have turned the temple into a place for money-changing1 and made the house of ,god a den of thieves4 ,good men are again lifting the scourge of small cords4 ,the discontent is becoming universal4 ,this vision of a new order will continue to haunt and disturb men1 until at length society will make all its activities without correspond to the heavenly vision within4 ,the tradition tells us that when the young ruler who made the great refusal had returned home he found the old zest of life had gone4 ,gone forever his contentment in fields and flocks1 in houses and horses and goods2 in books and pictures6 ,he himself seemed but a shadow moving through a phantom world4 ,struggle as he would1 he could not forget the new vision1 nor find the old joy4 ,at last he ceased struggling1 and1 fulfilling his vision1 he found the cross was the magic key that opened the door of happiness4 ,and to the youth of this far-off day1 the vision splendid doth come again4 ,in strange ways come these luminous hours and exalted moods4 ,sometimes they come through memory1 and then the tones of a voice long still fall softly upon the ear like celestial bells calling us heavenward4 ,sometimes these luminous hours come through the affections1 when anticipations of joy are so bright that it seems as if the youth reaching forward had plucked beforehand the fruit from the very tree of life4 ,for some they come through sorrow1 when the soul stands dissolved in tears1 even as some perfumed shrub stands in the ,june morning making the very ground wet with falling raindrops4 ,then the soul wanders here and there1 all dumb with grief1 seeking comfort1 yet finding none4 ,then sitting near the much-loved grave1 the soul hears the night winds whispering1 ,not here1 not here6 to which the murmuring sea replies1 ,not here1 while the weeping vines and the mournful pines ever answer1 ,not here1 not here6 ,but softly falling through the pathless air comes a voice murmuring1 ,here6 ,here6 ,come up hither6 ,oh1 these luminous hours6 ,these hours of deeper conviction are life's real hours6 ,summer is sunshine and beauty1 not storm and snow4 ,there are dark and wintry days in ,march1 when spring seems a delusion4 ,there are days in ,april so cold that summer seems a snare4 ,but between the storms there are brief warm intervals when the sun falls soft on the south hillsides1 and the roots begin to stir and the seeds to ache with harvests1 and all the air is vocal4 ,the fitful snows in ,april are but reminders of what the dying winter was2 but these occasional sunny days are prophecies of what summer hath accomplished in its full ministry upon the fields and forests4 ,and after long periods of sodden selfishness and clouded sin1 suddenly the vision of better things breaks through the cloud and storm4 ,then the vision strikes clarity into reason1 memory and imagination4 ,in these hours the soul scoffs at sordid things4 ,as the flower climbs upward to escape from the slough1 as the foot turns away from the mire1 as the nostril avoids the filth1 as the ear hates discord1 so in these hours the soul scoffs at selfishness and sin4 ,oh1 how beautiful seem purity and gentleness1 and sympathy and truth6 ,and these hours are big with prophecy4 ,they tell us what the soul shall be when time and ,god's resources have wrought their will upon man4 ,they are to be cherished as the mariner cherishes the guiding star that stands upon the horizon2 they are to be cherished as some traveler1 lost in a close1 dark forest1 cherishes the moment when the sun breaks through a rift in the clouds and he takes his bearings out of the swamp and toward his home4 ,visions are ,god within the soul4 ,they come to lead man away from sin and sorrow4 ,they come to guide him to his heavenly home4 ,,the ,,uses ,,of ,,books ,,and ,,reading ,bring with the books4--,paul4 ,a good book is the precious lifeblood of a master spirit embalmed and treasured up on purpose to a life beyond life4--,milton4 ,god be thanked for books4 ,they are the voices of the distant and the dead1 and make us heirs of the spiritual life of past ages4 ,in the best books great men talk to us1 give us their most precious thoughts and pour their souls into ours4--,channing4 ,all that mankind has done1 thought or been is lying as in magic preservation in the pages of books4 ,they are the chosen possession of men4--,carlyle4 ,we need to be reminded every day how many are the books of inimitable glory1 which1 with all our eagerness after reading1 we have never taken into our hands4 ,it will astonish most of us to find how much of our very industry is given to the books which have no worth1 how often we rake in the litter of the printing press1 whilst a crown of gold and rubies is offered us in vain4--,f4 ,harrison4 ,,xi ,,the ,,uses ,,of ,,books ,,and ,,reading ,paul was at once a thinker1 a theologian1 and a statesman1 because he was always a scholar4 ,one duty he never neglected--the duty of self-culture through reading4 ,certain companions were ever with him--his favorite authors4 ,imprisoned in ,rome1 the burden of his letters to his young friend in ,ephesus was books and the duty of reading4 ,himself a ,hebrew1 by much study he became a cosmopolitan and a citizen of the wide-lying universe4 ,like ,emerson1 he believed that the scholar was a favorite of heaven and earth1 the excellency of his country1 and the happiest of men4 ,saner intellect than his never trod this earth1 and could he speak to our age1 with its fret and fever1 his message would certainly include some words about the companionship of good books4 ,the supreme privilege of our generation is not rapid transit1 nor the increase of comforts and luxuries4 ,modern civilization hath its flower and fruitage in books and culture for all through reading4 ,should the dream of the astronomer ever come true1 and science establish a code of electric signals with the people of ,mars1 our first message would not be about engines1 nor looms1 nor steamships4 ,not the telephone by which men speak across continents1 but the book by which living men and dead men converse across centuries1 would be the burden of the first message4 ,president ,porter once said that the savage visiting ,london with ,livingstone appreciated everything except the libraries4 ,the poor black man understood the gallery1 for the face of his child answered to that of ,raphael's cherub and seraph4 ,he understood the cathedral1 with its aisles and arches1 for it reminded him of his own altars and funeral hymns4 ,he understood the city1 for it seemed like many little towns brought together in one4 ,but the great library1 crowded from floor to ceiling with books1 the strange1 white pages over which bowed the reader1 while smiles flitted across his face as one sun-spot chases another over the warm ,april hills1 the black marks causing the reader's tears to flow down upon the open page1 made up a mystery the poor savage could not understand4 ,no explanation availed for the necromancy of the library4 ,for wise men the joys of reading are life's crowning pleasures4 ,books are our universities1 where souls are the professors4 ,books are the looms that weave rapidly man's inner garments4 ,books are the levelers--not by lowering the great1 but by lifting up the small4 ,a book literally fulfills the story of the ,wandering ,jew1 who sits down by our side and like a familiar friend tells us what he hath seen and heard through twenty centuries of traveling through ,europe4 ,newton's ,principia means that at last stars and suns have broken into voice4 ,agassiz's zology causes each youth to be a veritable ,noah1 to whom it is given to behold all insects and beasts and birds going two by two into the world's great ark4 ,god hath given us four inferior teachers1 including travel1 occupation1 industry1 conversation1 and four teachers superior1 including love1 grief1 death--but chiefly books4 ,wisdom and knowledge are derived from sources many and various4 ,like ancient ,thebes1 the soul is a city having gates on every side4 ,there is the eye gate1 and through it pass friends1 a multitude of strangers1 the forests1 the fields1 the marching clouds4 ,there is the ear gate1 and therein go trooping all sweet songs1 all conversation and eloquence1 all laughter with ,niobe's woe and grief4 ,there is conversation1 and thereby we cross the threshold of another's mind1 and wander through the halls of memory and the chambers of imagination4 ,but these faculties are limited4 ,the ear was made for one sweet song1 not for a thousand4 ,conversation is with one friend living1 not with ,pliny and ,pericles4 ,the vision stays upon yonder horizon2 but beyond the line where earth and sky do meet are distant lands and historic scenes2 beyond are battle-fields all stained with blood2 beyond are the ,parthenon and the pyramids4 ,so books come in to increase the power of vision4 ,books cause the arctics and the tropics1 the mountains and hills1 all the generations with their woes and wars1 their achievements for liberty and religion1 to pass before the mind for instruction and delight4 ,and when books have made men contemporaneous with ,socrates and ,cicero1 with ,emerson and ,lowell1 when they have made man a citizen of every clime and country1 they go on to add advantages still more signal4 ,when the royal messenger brought ,newton the announcement of the honor bestowed upon him by the ,queen1 the astronomer was so busy with his studies relating to the ,principia that he begrudged his visitor even an hour of his time4 ,the great man was too busy writing for thousands to talk long with a single individual about his discoveries of light and color and his proofs of the moon ever falling toward the earth4 ,not even to his best friends could the astronomer unfold through conversation what he gives us in his ,principia4 ,when an ,american author called upon ,carlyle he found him in a very peevish mood4 ,through two hours he listened to this student of heroes and heroism pour forth a savage tirade against all men and things4 ,never again was the ,american poet able to associate with ,carlyle that fine poise1 sanity1 and reserve power that belong to the greatest4 ,in his books ,carlyle gives his friends1 not the peevishness of an evening1 but the best moods of all his life1 winnowing his intellectual harvests4 ,recently an author has given the world reminiscences called ,evenings with ,browning and ,tennyson1 with ,bright and ,gladstone4 ,yet an evening avails only for a few pleasantries1 a few anecdotes1 a few reminiscences4 ,as well speak of spending an afternoon with ,egypt or making an evening call upon ,rome4 ,yet a volume of ,in ,memoriam or ,the ,idylls of the ,king enables one to overhear the richest and most masterly thoughts that occupied ,tennyson through the best creative years in his career4 ,so striking are the advantages books have over conversation that the brief biography of the ,carpenter's ,son makes us better acquainted with ,jesus ,christ than the citizens of ,samaria or ,bethlehem could possibly have been4 ,to some ,nicodemus it was given to hear ,him discourse on the new heart2 some lawyer heard ,his story of the good ,samaritan2 others midst the press and throng caught a part of the tale of the prodigal son4 ,but the momentary glimpse1 the fragmentary word1 the rumors strange and contradictory1 yielded only confusion and mental unrest4 ,but this brief biography exhibits to us ,his entire career1 sets each eager listener down beside ,christ while ,he unrolls each glowing parable1 each glorious precept1 each call to inspiration and the higher life4 ,thus books acquaint us with the best men in their best moods4 ,books have two advantages4 ,chiefly they are tools for the mind4 ,the foot's step is short1 but the engine lengthens the stride and hastens it4 ,the smith's blow is weak1 but the trip-hammer multiplies the might of man's hand4 ,thus books are mental machines1 enabling the mind of man to reap in many harvest fields and multiply the mental treasures4 ,it takes years for ,humboldt to search out the wonders of the ,andes ,mountains and other years for ,livingstone to thread his way through the jungles of ,africa4 ,but a book1 during two or three evenings by the fireside1 enables man to journey through the ,dark ,continent without the dangers of fever1 without experiencing the pain from the lion leaping out of the thicket to mutilate the arm of ,livingstone4 ,with a book we tramp over the mountains of two continents without once suffering the heavy fall over the precipice that weakened ,humboldt4 ,books enable us to visit climes1 cities1 civilizations ancient and modern1 that without them could never be seen during man's years1 so few1 and by man's strength1 so insufficient4 ,great men and rich increase their influence by surrounding themselves by servants who fulfill their commands4 ,each president and prime minister strengthens himself by a cabinet4 ,but what if the peasant or workman could surround himself with a group of counselors and advisers that included a hundred of the greatest intellects of his generation8 ,what if some ,herschel should approach the youth to say1 ,you need your night's rest for sleep2 but for you ,i will give the years for studying the stars and their movements8 ,what if some ,dana should say1 ,for you ,i will decipher the handwriting upon the rocks1 trace the movement of the ice plows1 search out the influence of the flames as they turn rocks into soil for vineyards8 ,what if some ,audubon should say1 ,for you ,i will go through all the forests to find out the life and history of the winged creatures1 from the humming-bird to hawk and eagle8 ,what if ,niebuhr should say1 ,for you ,i will decipher the monuments1 all ruins and obelisks1 all man's parchments and manuscripts for setting forth man's upward progress through the centuries8 ,but this is precisely what books do for us4 ,saving man's time and strength1 books also increase his manhood and multiply his brain forces4 ,with them1 a man of fourscore years ends his career wiser than1 without them1 he could have been1 though he had lived and wrought through ten thousand summers and winters4 ,this is what ,emerson means when he says1 ,give me a book1 health and a ,june day1 and ,i will make the pomp of kings ridiculous4 ,when the ,athenian youth1 beloved of the gods1 went forth upon his journey1 one friend brought him a wondrous armor1 proof against arrows2 another brought a horse of marvelous swiftness2 another brought a bow of great size and strength4 ,thus armed1 the youth conquered his enemies4 ,but when books have armed man against his foes1 they go on to change his enemies into friends2 they shield him against ignorance2 they free him from superstition2 they clothe him with gratitude4 ,thank ,god for books1 cheering our solitude1 soothing our sickness1 refining our passions1 out of defeat leading us to victory6 ,that youth can scarcely fail of character1 happiness and success who1 day by day1 goes to school to sages and seers2 who by night hears ,dante and ,milton discourse upon ,paradise2 who has for his mentors in office and counting-room some ,franklin or ,solomon4 ,experience1 supplemented by books1 teaches youth more in one year than experience alone will teach him in twenty4 ,books also preserve for us the spirit of earth's great ones1 just as the cellar of the king holds wines growing more precious with the lapse of years4 ,from time to time ,god sends to earth some man with a supreme gift called genius4 ,passing through our life and world1 he sees wondrous sights not beholden of our eyes1 hears melodies too fine for our dulled hearing4 ,what other men behold as bits of coal1 his genius transmutes into diamonds4 ,in the darkness he sleeps to see some ,midsummer ,night's ,dream2 in the day he wakens to behold the tragedy or comedy in his friend's career4 ,while he muses1 the fires of inspiration burn within him4 ,when the time comes1 the inner forces burst out in book or song or poem1 just as the tulip bulb when ,april comes publishes its heart of fire and gold4 ,the book he writes is the choicest wine in life1 the gold made fine in the fires of his genius4 ,seldom come these elect ones1 just as the bush burned only once during ,moses' many years in the desert4 ,many foot hills must be united to produce one vast mountain4 ,only one range of ,rockies is needed to support many states4 ,one ,mississippi also can drain a continent4 ,thinking of these great ones1 ,milton said3 ,the book is the life-blood of the master spirit4 ,just as the wisdom spoken into the phonograph makes marks there to be reproduced at will1 so books preserve and repeat the eloquence of the greatest4 ,through his ,excursion1 when ,wordsworth says1 ,i go to the fields to-day1 the youth may whisper1 and ,i go with thee4 ,he may also accompany ,layard1 going forth to study the old tablets and the monuments2 with ,scott he may ride with ,ivanhoe to castle and tournament2 with ,virgil and ,dante he may shiver at the brink of the inky river or exult over the first glimpse of ,paradise4 ,well did ,charles ,lamb suggest that men should say grace--not only over the ,christmas festival1 but also over the table spread with good books4 ,for man has no truer friends1 ,earth offers no richer banquet4 ,when ,southey grew old and dim of vision1 he was seen to totter into his library4 ,moving about from shelf to shelf the aged scholar laid his hand upon one favorite book and then upon another1 while a rare sweet smile passed over his face1 just as we lay hand tenderly upon the shoulder of some dear friend4 ,through their books his old friends1 the heroes of the past1 had told ,southey of their innermost dreams1 their passions1 their aspirations1 what braced them in hours of battle1 how they endured when death robbed them of their best4 ,poor and lonely1 full oft the poet had talked with these volumes as with familiar friends4 ,so before he died ,southey said to his books ,good night1 ere in that bright beyond he said ,good morning to their authors4 ,this divine injunction as to the companionship of books bids us search out the use and purpose of reading4 ,primarily1 books are to be read for information and mental strength4 ,the hunger of the body for bread and fruit is not more real than the hunger of the intellect for facts and principles4 ,knowledge stands in as vital relation to the growth of reason as iron and phosphate to the enrichment of the blood4 ,ignorance is weakness4 ,success is knowing how4 ,ours is a world in which the last fact conquers4 ,in addition to his own experience and reflection1 the young artist must stand in some gallery that brings together all the best masters4 ,standing beside the ,elgin marbles in the ,british ,museum1 the sculptor must bathe and soak himself in the ,greek ideal and spirit1 until the ,greek thought throbs in his brain1 and he feels the ,greek enthusiasm for strength in round1 lithe arms1 and limbs made ready for the race4 ,but in a large1 deep sense1 books are the galleries in which spirits are caught and fastened upon the pages4 ,books are storehouses into which facts and principles have been harvested4 ,just as a bit of coal tells us what ferns and flowers grew in the far-off era1 so the book gives us the very quintessence of man's thoughts about life and duty and death4 ,nor is there any other way of gaining these vital knowledges4 ,life is too short to obtain them through conversation or travel4 ,nor is any youth ready for his task until he has traced the rise and growth of houses1 tools1 governments1 schools1 industries1 religions4 ,he must also compare race with race1 land with land1 and star with star4 ,asked about his ideas of the value of education1 a man distinguished in railway circles answered3 ,i have learned that each new fact has its money value4 ,other things being equal1 the judgment of the man who knows the most must always prevail4 ,but books alone can supplement experience1 and give the information that makes man ready against his day of battle4 ,it has been said1 ,for a thousand men who can speak1 there is only one who can think2 for a thousand men who can think1 there is only one who can see4 ,since1 then1 the greatest thing in life is to have an open vision1 we need to ask the authors to teach us how to see4 ,each ,kingsley approaches a stone as a jeweler approaches a casket to unlock the hidden gems4 ,geikie causes the bit of hard coal to unroll the juicy bud1 the thick odorous leaves1 the pungent boughs1 until the bit of carbon enlarges into the beauty of a tropic forest4 ,that little book of ,grant ,allen's called ,how ,plants ,grow exhibits trees and shrubs as eating1 drinking and marrying4 ,we see certain date groves in ,palestine1 and other date groves in the desert a hundred miles away1 and the pollen of the one carried upon the trade winds to the branches of the other4 ,we see the tree with its strange system of water-works1 pumping the sap up through pipes and mains2 we see the chemical laboratory in the branches mixing flavor for the orange in one bough1 mixing the juices of the pineapple in another2 we behold the tree as a mother1 making each infant acorn ready against the long winter1 rolling it in swaths soft and warm as wool blankets1 wrapping it around with garments impervious to the rain1 and finally slipping the infant acorn into a sleeping bag1 like those the ,esquimos gave ,dr4 ,kane4 ,at length we come to feel that the ,greeks were not far wrong in thinking each tree had a ,dryad in it1 animating it1 protecting it against destruction1 dying when the tree withered4 ,some ,faraday shows us that each drop of water is a sheath for electric forces sufficient to charge #hjj1jjj ,leyden jars1 or drive an engine from ,liverpool to ,london4 ,some ,sir ,william ,thomson tells us how hydrogen gas will chew up a large iron spike as a child's molars will chew off the end of a stick of candy4 ,thus each new book opens up some new and hitherto unexplored realm of nature4 ,thus books fulfill for us the legend of the wondrous glass that showed its owner all things distant and all things hidden4 ,through books our world becomes as a bud from the bower of ,god's beauty2 the sun as a spark from the light of ,his wisdom2 the sky as a bubble on the sea of ,his ,power4 ,therefore ,mrs4 ,browning's words1 ,no child can be called fatherless who has ,god and his mother2 no youth can be called friendless who has ,god and the companionship of good books4 ,books also advantage us in that they exhibit the unity of progress1 the solidarity of the race1 and the continuity of history4 ,authors lead us back along the pathway of law1 of liberty or religion1 and set us down in front of the great man in whose brain the principle had its rise4 ,as the discoverer leads us from the mouth of the ,nile back to the headwaters of ,nyanza1 so books exhibit great ideas and institutions1 as they move forward1 ever widening and deepening1 like some ,nile feeding many civilizations4 ,for all the reforms of to-day go back to some reform of yesterday4 ,man's art goes back to ,athens and ,thebes4 ,man's laws go back to ,blackstone and ,justinian4 ,man's reapers and plows go back to the savage scratching the ground with his forked stick1 drawn by the wild bullock4 ,the heroes of liberty march forward in a solid column4 ,lincoln grasps the hand of ,washington4 ,washington received his weapons at the hands of ,hampden and ,cromwell4 ,the great ,puritans lock hands with ,luther and ,savonarola4 ,the unbroken procession brings us at length to ,him whose ,sermon on the ,mount was the very charter of liberty4 ,it puts us under a divine spell to perceive that we are all coworkers with the great men1 and yet single threads in the warp and woof of civilization4 ,and when books have related us to our own age1 and related all the epochs to ,god1 whose providence is the gulf stream of history1 these teachers go on to stimulate us to new and greater achievements4 ,alone1 man is an unlighted candle4 ,the mind needs some book to kindle its faculties4 ,before ,byron began to write he used to give half an hour to reading some favorite passage4 ,the thought of some great writer never failed to kindle ,byron into a creative glow1 even as a match lights the kindlings upon the grate4 ,in these burning1 luminous moods ,byron's mind did its best work4 ,the true book stimulates the mind as no wine can ever quicken the blood4 ,it is reading that brings us to our best1 and rouses each faculty to its most vigorous life4 ,remembering1 then1 that it is as dangerous to read the first book one chances upon as for a stranger in the city to make friends with the first person passing by1 let us consider the selection and the friendship of books4 ,frederic ,harrison tells us that there are now #b1jjj1jjj volumes in the libraries1 and that every few years the press issues enough new volumes to make a pyramid equal to ,st4 ,paul's ,cathedral4 ,lamenting the number of books of poor quality now being published1 this author questions whether or not the printing press may not be one of the scourges of mankind4 ,he tells that he reads but few books1 and those the great ones1 and describes his shipwreck on the infinite sea of printer's ink1 and his rescue as of one escaping by mercy from a region where there was water1 water everywhere but not a drop to drink4 ,let us confess that books by their very multitude bewilder1 and that careless and purposeless reading destroys the mind4 ,let us admit1 too1 that books no more mean culture than laws mean virtues4 ,doubtless1 individuality is threatened by the vast cataract of literature4 ,as children1 we trembled needlessly when the nurse told us that skies rained pitchforks1 but as men we have a right to fear when the skies rain not pitchforks but pamphlets4 ,multitudes are in the condition of the schoolboy who1 when asked what he was thinking about1 answered that he had no thoughts1 because he was so busy reading he had no time to think4 ,like that boy1 multitudes to-day cannot see the wood for the trees4 ,many stand before the vast abyss of literature as ,bunyan's pilgrim stood before the ,slough of ,despond1 crying3 ,what shall ,i do8 ,the necessity of severe selection is upon us1 but certain things all must read4 ,first of all1 every year each young man and woman should take a fresh look about the world house in which all live4 ,when ,ivanhoe waked to find himself a prisoner in a strange castle he straightway explored the mansion1 passing from chamber to banquet hall1 and from tower to moat1 and the high walls that shut him in4 ,if1 indeed1 ,god did so dearly love this star as to use its very dust for making man in ,his own image1 we ought to love and study well this world house1 wherein is enacted the drama of man's life and death4 ,longfellow thought of our earth as a granite-sheathed ship sailing through air1 with plate of mail bolted and clamped by the ,almighty mechanism1 the throbbings of ,vesuvius hinting at the deep furnaces that help to drive her forward upon the voyage through space4 ,but ,god's name for this earth house was ,paradise4 ,and a veritable paradise it is1 with its vegetable carpet1 soft and embroidered1 beneath man's feet2 with its valleys covered with corn until they laugh and sing2 with its noble architecture of the mountains covered with mighty carvings and painted legends4 ,verily1 it would be an ungracious thing for us to go on living here without taking the trouble to look upon this earth's floor1 so firm and solid1 or study the beauteous ceiling lighted with star lamps by night4 ,and the evenings of one week with ,geikie or ,dana will tell us by what furnaces of fire the granite was melted1 by what teeth of glaciers and weight of sea-waves the earth's surface was smoothed for the plow and the trowel4 ,how long it has been since the glacier was a mile thick upon the very spot where we stand1 how long since the waters of ,lake ,michigan1 now flowing over ,niagara1 ceased flowing into the ,mississippi4 ,the evenings of another week with ,professor ,gray or ,grant ,allen will tell us how all the trees and plants live and breathe and wax great2 how the lily sucks whiteness out of the slough1 and how the red rose untwists the sunbeam and pulls out the scarlet threads4 ,the evenings of another week with ,ball or ,proctor or ,langley will exhibit the sun pulling the harvests out of our planet1 even as the blazing log pulls the juices out of the apples roasting before the hot coals2 how large a house on the moon must be in order to be seen by the new telescope at ,lake ,geneva2 whether or not the spots on the sun represent great chunks of unburned material1 some of which are a full thousand miles across1 materials thrown up by gaseous explosions4 ,while ,maury will take us during another week1 in a glass boat that is water-tight1 upon a long cruise more than three thousand leagues under the sea1 showing us those graveyards called sea shells1 those cities called coral reefs1 those strange animals that have roots instead of feet1 called sponges4 ,having journeyed around the earth house1 each should study himself2 his body as an engine of mental thought1 an instrument of conduct and character2 the number and nature and uses of the forty and more faculties of mind and heart with which he is endowed4 ,from the study of the soul the mind moves easily to the upward movement of the race1 as man journeys from hut to house1 from tent to temple1 from force to self-government and education and literature1 from his flaming altar to the rising hymn and aspiring prayer4 ,this tells us what contribution each race1 ,hebrew and ,greek1 ,roman and ,teuton1 has made to civilization4 ,then come the books of life1 wherein the qualities to be emulated are capitalized in the lives of the great1 for biography is one of man's best teachers4 ,therein we see how the hero bore up against his wrongs1 his sorrows and defeats1 and how he sustained himself in times of triumph4 ,phillips ,brooks thought that the basis of every library should be biography1 memoirs1 portraits and letters4 ,nor should we forget the books of art1 wherein the facts of life are idealized and carried up to beauty4 ,witness the dramas1 poems1 or the several great novels4 ,but apart from and above all others is the book1 the ,bible4 ,alone it has civilized whole nations4 ,be our theories of inspiration what they may1 this book deals with the deepest things in man's heart and life4 ,ruskin and ,carlyle tell us that they owe more to it in the way of refinement and culture than to all the other books1 plus all the influence of colleges and universities4 ,therein the greatest geniuses of time tell us of the things they caught fresh from the skies1 the things that stormed upon them1 and surged through their souls in mighty tides1 entrancing them with matchless music2 things so precious for man's heart and conscience as to be endured and died for4 ,it is the one book that can fully lead forth the richest and deepest and sweetest things in man's nature4 ,read all other books1 philosophy1 poetry1 history1 fiction2 but if you would refine the judgment1 fertilize the reason1 wing the imagination1 attain unto the finest womanhood or the sturdiest manhood1 read this book1 reverently and prayerfully1 until its truths have dissolved like iron into the blood4 ,read1 indeed1 the hundred great books4 ,if you have no time1 make time and read4 ,read as toil the slaves in ,golconda1 casting away the rubbish and keeping the gems4 ,read to transmute facts into life1 but read daily the book of conduct and character--the ,bible4 ,for the book ,daniel ,webster placed under his pillow when dying is the book all should carry in the hand while living4 ,,the ,,science ,,of ,,living ,,with ,,men ,there is an art of right living4--,arthur ,helps4 ,the supreme art life above all other arts is the art of living together justly and charitably4 ,there is no other thing that is so taxing1 requiring so much education1 so much wisdom1 so much practice1 as the how to live with our fellow-men4 ,in importance this art exceeds all productive industries which we teach our children4 ,all skill and knowledge aside from that is as nothing4 ,the business of life is to know how to get along with our fellow-men4--,h4,w4 ,beecher4 ,as all the stars are pervaded by one law1 in one law live and move and have their being1 so all minds that reason and all hearts that beat1 act in one empire of one king2 and of that vast kingdom1 the law the most sweeping1 the most eternal1 is the law of loving kindness4--,swing4 ,the nations have turned their places of art treasure into battle-fields4 ,fancy what ,europe would be now if the delicate statues and temples of the ,greeks--if the broad and massive walls of the ,romans1 if the noble and pathetic architecture of the ,middle ,ages1 had not been ground to dust by mere human rage4 ,you talk of the scythe of time and the tooth of time2 ,i tell you time is scytheless and toothless2 it is we who gnaw like the worm1 we who smite like the scythe4 ,all these lost treasures of human intellect have been wholly destroyed by human industry of destruction2 the marble would have stood its #b1jjj years as well in the polished statue as in the ,parian cliff2 but we men have ground it to powder and mixed it with our own ashes4--,ruskin4 ,,xii ,,the ,,science ,,of ,,living ,,with ,,men ,the great writers of all ages have held themselves well away from any formal discussion of the art of right living and the science of a skillful carriage of one's faculties4 ,government1 war and eloquence have indeed received full scientific statement1 and those arts called music and sculpture have obtained abundant literary treatment4 ,but1 for some reason1 no philosopher has ever attempted a formal treatise teaching the youth how to carry his faculties so as to avoid injuring his fellows and secure for them peace1 happiness and success4 ,nevertheless1 the art of handling marble is nothing compared to the art of handling men4 ,skill in evoking melody from the harp is less than nothing compared to skill in allaying discords in the soul and calling out its noblest impulses1 its most energetic forces4 ,nor is there any science or any productive industry whatsoever that is at all comparable to the science of just1 smooth and kindly living4 ,for the business of life is not the use and control of winds and rivers2 it is not the acquisition of skill in calling out the secret energies contained in the soil or concealed in the sky4 ,the business of life is the mastery of the art of living smoothly and justly with one's fellows and the acquisition of skill in calling out the best qualities of those about us4 ,indeed1 the home and the market do but furnish practice-ground for developing expertness in carrying one's faculties4 ,sir ,arthur ,helps first coined the expression1 the art of right living1 and society can never be sufficiently grateful to this distinguished scholar for reminding us that when every other art has been secured1 every other science achieved1 there still remains for mastery the finest of all the fine arts1 the science of a right carriage of one's faculties midst all the duties and relations of home and school1 of store and street4 ,searching out for some reason why scientists have discussed friendship1 reform1 or patriotism1 but have passed by the science of right living1 we shall find the adequate explanation in the fact that this is the largest subject that can possibly be handled4 ,it concerns the right carriage of the whole man1 the handling of the body1 and the maintenance of perfect health2 the control of the temperament1 with its special talent or weakness2 the use of reason1 its development and culture2 the control of judgment1 with the correction of its aberrations2 it involves such a mastery of the emotions as men have over winds and rivers2 it concerns conscience and conversation1 friendship and commerce1 and all the elements affectional and social1 civic and moral4 ,for man stands1 as it were1 in the center of many concentric circles4 ,about himself1 as a center1 sweeps the home circle2 his immediate neighborhood relations describe a wider circle2 his business career describes one larger still2 then come his relations to the community in general1 while beyond the horizon is a circle of influence that includes the world at large4 ,when the tiny spider standing at the center of its wide-stretching and intricate web1 woven for destruction1 chances to touch any thread of the web1 immediately that thread vibrates to the uttermost extremity4 ,and man stands at the center of a vast web of wide-reaching influence1 woven not for blighting1 but for blessing1 and every one of these out-running lines1 whether related to friends near by or to citizens afar off1 thrills and vibrates with secret influences2 and there is no creature in ,god's universe so taxed as man1 having a thousand dangers to avoid1 and fulfilling ten thousand duties4 ,he who would adequately discuss the science of right living must propose a method that will enable man to carry his faculties midst all the conditions of poverty or riches1 of sickness or health1 of the friendship of men or their enmity4 ,discerning the largeness of this theme1 many question whether right living can be reduced to a science1 and1 if so1 whether it ever can be acquired as an art4 ,we know that there is a science of government1 a science of wealth1 a science of war1 and mastery in each department seems possible4 ,moreover1 long practice has lent men skill in the arts4 ,even ,paganini was born under the necessity of obtaining excellence in his art through practice4 ,titian also was a tireless student in color1 and ,macaulay himself toiled hard over his alphabet4 ,printers tell us that practice expels stiffness from the fingers and makes type-setting an automatic process4 ,daniel ,webster was counted the greatest orator of his time2 but there never lived a man who drilled himself in solitude more scrupulously1 and his excellence1 he says1 was the fruit of long study4 ,henry ,clay had a great reputation as a speaker2 but when the youth had through years practiced extemporaneous speech in the cornfields of ,kentucky1 he went on to train himself in language1 in thought1 in posture1 in gesture1 until his hand could wield the scepter1 or beckon in sweet persuasion1 until his eye could look upon his enemies and pierce them1 or beam upon his friends and call down upon them all the fruits of peace and success4 ,nor has there been one great artist1 one great poet1 one great inventor1 one great merchant1 nor one great man in any department of life whose supremacy does not1 when examined1 stand forth as the fruit of long study and careful training4 ,men are born with hands1 but without skill for using them4 ,men are born with feet and faculties1 but only by practice do their steps run swiftly along those beautiful pathways called literature or law or statesmanship4 ,man's success in mastering other sciences encourages within us the belief that it is possible for men to master the science of getting on smoothly and justly with their fellow men4 ,in importance this knowledge exceeds every other knowledge whatsoever4 ,to know what armor to put on against to-morrow's conflicts2 how to attain the ends of commerce and ambition by using men as instruments2 how to be used by men1 and how to use men1 not by injuring them1 not by cheating them1 not by marring or neglecting them2 but how through men to advance both one's self and one's fellows--this is life's task4 ,for skill in getting on with men is the test of perfect manhood4 ,no other knowledge is comparable to this4 ,it is something to know how to sail a vast ship2 it is important to understand the workings of a ,corliss engine2 man does well to aspire to the mastery of iron and wood1 and the use of cotton and wool2 most praiseworthy the ambition to master arguments and ideas2 but it is a thousand times more important to understand men4 ,to be able to analyze the underlying motives2 to attain skill in rebuking the worst impulses in men1 and skill in calling forth their best qualities2 to distinguish between selfishness and sincerity2 to allay strife and promote peace2 to maintain equanimity midst all the swirl of passion2 to meet those who storm with perfect calm2 to meet scowling men with firm gentleness2 to meet the harshness of pride with a modest bearing2 to be self-sufficing midst all the upheaval and selfishness of life--this is to be a follower of ,christ1 and ,he is the only gentleman our world has ever seen4 ,oh1 for some university for teaching the art of right living6 ,oh1 for some college teaching the science of attaining the personal ends of life without marring one's ideals6 ,for life has only one fine art--the art of getting along smoothly with ourselves and our fellows4 ,let us confess that man easily masters every other art and science4 ,his discoveries as to stars and stones and shrubs provoke ever fresh surprise4 ,his inventions1 who can number8 ,he easily masters winds and rivers4 ,he takes the sting out of the thunderbolt and makes it harmless4 ,afterward with electric lamps he illumines towns4 ,with invisible sunbeams he paints instantaneous pictures of faces1 palaces1 mountains1 and landscapes4 ,with the dark ,x-rays he photographs the bone incased in flesh1 the coins contained in the purse4 ,with his magnet the scientist throws a rope around the cathode rays and drags them whithersoever he will4 ,in the field the inventor uses an electric hoe to kill the germs of the thistle and deadly nightshade4 ,strange that he cannot invent an instrument for killing the germs of hatred and envy in his own heart6 ,the gardener easily masters the art of cultivating roses and violets1 but breaks down in trying to produce in himself those beauteous growths called love1 truth1 justice--flowers1 these1 that are rooted in heaven1 but blossom here on earth4 ,an expert driver will hold the reins over six fiery steeds1 or even eight1 but he descends from his coach to find that his own passions are steeds of the sun that run away with him1 bringing wreckage and ruin4 ,man has skill for turning poisons into medicines4 ,he changes deadly acids into balms1 but he has no skill for taking envy's poisons out of the tongue1 or sheathing the keen sword of hatred4 ,as to physical nature1 man seems rapidly approaching the time when all the forces of land and sea and sky will yield themselves as willing and obedient servants to do his will4 ,but1 having made himself monarch in every other realm1 man breaks down utterly in attempting the task of living peaceably with his friends and neighbors4 ,sublime in his integrity and strength1 he is most pitiable in the way he wrecks his own happiness1 and ruins the happiness of others4 ,pestilence in the city1 tornado in the country1 the fire in the forest--these are but feeble types of man as a destroyer4 ,one science is as yet unmastered by man--the science of right living and the art of getting along smoothly with himself and his fellows4 ,to-day the new science explains the difficulty of right living1 by the largeness of man's endowment4 ,there are few failures in the animal or vegetable world4 ,instinct guides the beast1 while the shrub attains its end by automatic processes4 ,no vine was ever troubled to decide whether it should produce grapes or thorns4 ,no fig tree ever had to go to school to learn how to avoid bearing thistles4 ,the humming bird1 flying from shrub to shrub1 hears the inner voice called instinct4 ,these instincts serve as guide books4 ,the animal creation that moves through the air or water or the forests experiences but little difficulty in finding out the appointed pathway4 ,but the problem of rose1 lark or lion is very simple and easy1 compared with the problem of man4 ,if the oak must needs bear acorns1 man is like a vine that can at will bring forth any one of a hundred fruits4 ,he is like an animal that can at its option walk or fly1 swim or run4 ,the pathway opened before the brute world is narrow and its task therefore is very simple1 while the vast number of pathways possible to man often embarrasses his judgment and sometimes works bewilderment4 ,after thousands of years man is still ignorant whether it is best for him to eat flesh or confine himself only to fruit2 whether the juice of the grape is helpful or harmful2 whether the finest culture comes from confining one's study to a single language1 as did ,socrates and ,shakespeare1 or through learning many languages1 as did ,cicero and ,milton2 whether a monarchy or democracy is better suited for securing the people's happiness and prosperity2 whether the love of ,god in front is a motive sufficient to pull a man heavenward1 or whether fear and fire kindled in the rear will not lend greater swiftness to his footsteps4 ,it is wonderful how many problems yet remain to be solved4 ,nor could it be otherwise4 ,as things increase in size and complexity the difficulty of handling them increases4 ,it is easy to manage a spinning-wheel1 but difficult to handle a ,jacquard loom having hundreds of delicate parts4 ,it is easy to use a boy's whistle1 but hard to master the pipe organ with keys rising bank upon bank4 ,out of an alphabet numbering six and twenty letters all the sciences and arts can be fashioned2 but the alphabet of man's faculties numbers four and forty letters4 ,who shall measure the divine literatures possible to all these combinations of thought1 feeling and aspiration8 ,the scientist tells us that all of the instruments and excellences distributed among the animals are united in man4 ,man has the beaver's instinct for building1 the bee's skill for hiving1 the lion's stroke is less than man's trip-hammer1 the deer's swift flight is slowness to man's electric speed1 the eagle itself cannot outrun his flying speech4 ,it is as if all the excellences of the whole animal creation were swept together and compacted in man's tiny body1 with the addition of new gifts and faculties2 but this concentration of all the gifts distributed to the animal world in man means that the dangers and difficulties that are distributed over all the rest of the animal creation will also be concentrated upon his single person4 ,the increase of his treasure carries with it the increase of danger and difficulty4 ,the vastness of his endowment opens up the possibilities of innumerable blunderings and stumblings and wanderings from the way4 ,by so much1 therefore1 as he is above the bird and the beast1 by that much does the task of carrying aright his faculties increase in magnitude4 ,moreover1 smooth living with men is difficult because of the continual conflict with evil4 ,integrity can never be good friends with iniquity1 nor liberty with tyranny1 nor purity and sweetness with filth and foulness4 ,there is no skill by which ,john can ever live in peace with ,herod4 ,paul1 the author of the ode to love1 was always at war with ,nero1 and at last had his head shorn off4 ,william ,tell could not get along smoothly with ,gesler1 the tyrant who robbed the ,swiss of their rights4 ,when doves learn to live peaceably with hawks1 and lambs learn how to get along with wolves1 good men and true will learn how to live in peace with vice and crime4 ,wickedness means warfare1 not peace4 ,deviltry cannot be overcome by diplomacy4 ,not embassies1 but regiments1 overcome intrenched oppression4 ,men of integrity and refinement can have but one attitude toward corruption1 drunkenness1 parasitism1 gilded iniquity--the attitude of uncompromising hostility4 ,languorous1 emasculated manhood may silently endure great wrongs for the sake of peace and quiet2 but robust manhood never4 ,one of the dangers of our age and nation is a tendency to conciliate wrong and smooth over wickedness through a spurious sense of charity4 ,genius gilds vice1 and wit and brilliancy transform evil into an angel of light4 ,only expel dullness and make evil artistic1 and it is condoned2 but vice attired in the garb of a queen is as truly vice as when clothed in rags and living in squalor4 ,to become accustomed to evil1 to garnish sin1 to dim and deaden sensibility to what is right and beautiful1 is to extirpate manhood and become a mere lump of flesh4 ,no man has a right to be good friends with iniquity4 ,in a wicked world the only people who are justified in peaceable living are the people in graveyards4 ,in an age and land like ours only men of mush and moonshine can be friends with everybody4 ,in view of the crime1 poverty and ignorance of our age1 for a man to live so that his friends can truthfully write on his tombstone1 ,he never had an enemy1 is for him to be eternally disgraced4 ,such a man should never be guilty of showing his face in heaven1 for he will find that the angels1 at least1 are his enemies4 ,looking toward integrity1 ,christ came to bring peace4 ,looking toward iniquity1 ,christ came to bring the sword4 ,not until every wrong has been turned to right1 not until every storm has been stilled into peace1 not until the fatherhood of ,god and the brotherhood of man have been incarnated in institutions1 will conflict cease and smooth living toward all men become an actuality4 ,ambition and the clashing of interests also mitigate against smooth living4 ,perhaps no age has offered more powerful stimulants to ambition4 ,the field is open to all1 and the rewards are great4 ,therefore ,emerson's phrase1 infinite aspiration and infinitesimal performance4 ,contentment is the exception1 aspiration is universal4 ,indeed1 the national temptation is ambition4 ,an ,american merchant lives more in a year than an ,oriental in eighty years2 more in an hour than an ,indian merchant in twenty-four4 ,so powerful are the provocatives to thinking and planning that cerebral excitement is well-nigh continuous4 ,moving forward1 the youth finds every pathway open and is told that every honor and position are possible achievements2 the result is that the individual finds himself competing with all the rest of the nation4 ,how fierce the strife6 ,what intense rivalries6 ,what battles between opponents6 ,what conflicts in business6 ,in politics1 coveting national honors1 men spend months in laying out a campaign4 ,a vast human mechanism is organized with ramifications extending through the nation4 ,as in the olden times in the court of ,king ,arthur1 knights entered the tournament and some ,lancelot clothed in steel armor rode forth to meet some ,ivanhoe in mortal combat2 so it is to-day when one plumed knight meets another in the political arena--one conquers1 and one is killed1 in that he suffers a broken heart4 ,in commerce the strife is not less fierce4 ,men literally stand over against each other like gunboats1 carrying deadly missiles4 ,if to-morrow conflict and strife should spring up in each garden--if the rose should strike its thorn into the honeysuckle2 if the violet from its lowly sphere should fling mire upon the lily's whiteness2 if the wheat should lift up its stalk to beat down the barley2 if the robin should become jealous of the lark's sweet voice1 and the oriole organize a campaign for exterminating the thrush1 we should have a conflict in nature that would answer to the strife and warfare in society4 ,the universality of the conflicts in society is indicated by the fact that ,england's national symbol is not a dove1 but a lion2 ,america's is an eagle1 and other nations' are the leopard and the bear4 ,in national wars1 where men by years of toil have planted vineyards1 reared orchards1 builded houses and cities1 they proceed to burn up the homes1 destroy the granaries1 cut down the vineyards and orchards2 and these periodic public quarrels do but typify the equally destructive private feuds and troubles4 ,darwin thought that men have descended from animals1 and some men have so literally descended4 ,some seem to have come through the wolf2 some have the fox's cunning2 some have the lion's cruelty1 and some are as combative as bull-dogs4 ,now1 it is not easy to maintain one's dignity when a little cur nips your heels behind1 and a mastiff threatens you before4 ,and some men seem to unite both elements2 they run behind you and nip1 they go before to bark and threaten4 ,under such circumstances it is not easy to live smoothly and charitably4 ,it is easy to tame lions1 but to tame men is not easy4 ,it is easy to breast the current of rivers1 but to stand against the full force of public opinion is hard4 ,but midst all life's conflicts and clashings this task is upon us4 ,we are to maintain peace1 love our enemies1 and ultimately master the art of right living with our fellows4 ,to all persons interested in the betterment of society comes the reflection that getting on with men is life's abiding aim and end4 ,schools can teach no other knowledge comparable to this4 ,it is important to train the child in music1 to drill him in public speech1 to teach him how to handle the horse and dog1 how to swim and ride1 the use of tools and engines1 the nature and production of wealth2 but it is of far greater importance that youth should be given a knowledge of men1 and become a skillful student of human nature2 to learn how to read the face as an open book4 ,if the jurist studies men and their motives to find out the truth2 if the physician studies men for reasons of diagnosis2 if the merchant studies thinking of his profit1 and the politician thinking of preferment1 the citizen must understand his fellows in the interest of securing their happiness and highest welfare4 ,incidentally1 it is important that a man should be well groomed and well kept2 should be educated and refined1 just as it is proper that the pipes of an organ should be decorated on the outside4 ,nevertheless1 the test of an organ is the melody and harmony within4 ,and the test of manhood is not outer polish1 but inner skill in carrying his faculties4 ,man is only a rudimentary man when in those stages he blunders in all his meetings with his fellows1 and cannot buy nor sell1 vote nor converse1 without harming1 marring1 depressing1 discouraging his fellow men4 ,in our age many books have been written similar to ,lyman ,abbott's volume called ,the ,study of ,human ,nature1 and the time has fully come when each child should be made ready for life's battle beforehand1 and taught how to armor himself against the tournament4 ,when the schools have trained the child to the use of tools1 given the tongue skill in speaking and the mind skill in thinking1 it remains to teach him the study of men1 the peculiarities of each of the five temperaments2 the nature and number of the animal impulses2 the use of the social and industrial impulses2 the control of the acquisitive and the spiritual powers4 ,for man's carriage of himself in the presence of fire and forest is the least of his duties4 ,that which will tax him and distress1 and perhaps destroy him1 will be the carriage of his faculties midst all the clash and conflict1 the din and battle of market and street4 ,and midst all the strife1 this is to be his ideal--to bear himself toward his enemies and toward his friends1 after the pattern of ,him who makes ,his sun to shine upon the evil and the good1 ,his rain to fall upon the just and the unjust4 ,the measure of manhood is the degree of skill attained in the art of carrying one's self so as to pour forth upon men all the inspirations of love and hope1 and to evoke good even from the meanest and wickedest of mankind4 ,passing through life1 the soul is to be a happiness producer and a joy distributer4 ,without conscious thought the violets pour forth perfume2 without volition the magnet pulls the iron filings2 with no purpose the candle pushes its beams of light into the darkness2 and such is to be the weight of goodness in each man1 that its mere presence will be felt4 ,for the soul carries power to bless or blight2 it can lift up its faculties for smiting1 as an enemy lifts the hammer above the fragile vase or delicate marble2 through speech man can fill all the sky with storms1 or he can sweep all clouds from the horizon4 ,the soul can take the sting out of man's anger1 or it can stir up anger2 it can allay strife or whet the keen edge of hatred4 ,the thermometer is not so sensitive to heat1 the barometer to weight1 the photographer's plate to light1 as is the soul to the ten thousand influences of its fellow men4 ,for majesty and beauty of subtle influence1 nothing is comparable to the soul4 ,not the sun hanging upon the horizon has such power for flower and fruitage as has a full-orbed ,christian heart1 rich in all good influences1 throbbing with kindness and sympathy1 radiant as an angel4 ,great is man's skill in handling engines of force2 marvelous man's control of winds and rivers2 wondrous the mastery of engines and ideas4 ,but man himself is greater than the tools he invents1 and man stands forth clothed with power to control and influence his fellows1 in that he can sweeten their bitterness1 allay their conflicts1 bear their burdens1 surround them with the atmosphere of hope and sympathy4 ,just in proportion as men have capacity1 talent and genius1 are they to be guardians1 teachers1 and nurses for men1 bearing themselves tenderly and sympathetically toward ignorance1 poverty and weakness4 ,all the majesty of the summer1 all the glory of the storms1 all the beauty of galleries1 is as nothing compared to the majesty and beauty of a full-orbed and symmetrical manhood4 ,should there be in every village and city a conspiracy of a few persons toward this refinement and culture1 this beauty and sweet ,christian living1 the presence of these ,christ-formed persons would transform the community4 ,one such harvestful nature carries power to civilize an entire city4 ,we no more need to demonstrate the worth of the sane1 sound1 ,christ-like character than we need to prove the value of the all-glorious summer1 when it fills the earth with fragrance1 the air with blossoms1 and all the boughs with luscious fruit4 ,each ,christian youth is to be a man-maker and man-mender4 ,he is to help and not hurt men4 ,this is to walk in love4 ,this is to overcome evil with good4 ,this is to be not a printed but a living gospel4 ,this is to be a master of the art of right living and a teacher of the science of character building4 ,,the ,,revelators ,,of ,,character ,some men move through life as a band of music moves down the street1 flinging out pleasure on every side through the air1 to every one far and near1 that can listen4--,beecher4 ,truth tyrannizes over the unwilling members of the body4 ,no man need be deceived who will study the changes of expression4 ,when a man speaks the truth in the spirit of truth1 his eye is as clear as the heavens4 ,when he has base ends1 and speaks falsely1 the eye is muddy1 and sometimes asquint4--,emerson4 ,,xiii ,,the ,,revelators ,,of ,,character ,in ancient times personal property bore the owner's trademark4 ,all flocks and herds fed together upon the common4 ,that each might know his own1 the herdsman slit the ears of his sheep1 or branded his oxen with the hot iron4 ,afterward1 as wealth increased1 men extended the marks of ownership4 ,the ,emperor stamped his image into the silver coin4 ,the ,prince wrought his initial into the palace porch4 ,the peasant moulded his name into the bricks of his cottage4 ,one form of property was slaves4 ,athens had #hj1jjj free citizens and #djj1jjj bondmen4 ,as these slaves were liable to run away1 their owners branded them4 ,sometimes a circle was burned into the palm1 or a cross upon the forehead2 and often the owner's name was tattooed upon the slave's shoulder4 ,one of the gifts of antiquity to our modern life is the use of the trademark4 ,to-day manufacturers blow their initials in the glass2 they mould the trademark in steel1 and weave it in tapestries4 ,lying in his dungeon1 everything reminded ,paul of these marks of ownership4 ,his chains bore the ,emperor's initials4 ,the slaves that brought him food carried ,nero's brand4 ,the very bricks of his dungeon floor were stamped with the tyrant's name4 ,but1 moving out from these marks of servitude1 his vision swept a wider horizon4 ,he1 too1 was property4 ,a freeman1 indeed1 was he1 yet he was not his own4 ,mind and heart were stamped with ,god's image and superscription4 ,no hot iron had mutilated him1 but trouble had wrought refinement1 and love divine had left its indelible stamp4 ,gone indeed the fresh1 bright beauty that was his when he sat a boy at ,gamaliel's feet6 ,since the day when the mob in ,lystra had lifted stones upon him2 since the time of his scourging at ,philippi1 he had carried the marks of martyrdom4 ,suffering had plowed deep furrows in his face4 ,but honorable were all his scars4 ,they bore witness to his conquest over ease and self-indulgence4 ,dear to him these marks--they bound him to his ,master1 the ,lord ,jesus4 ,they filled him with high hopes1 for the same marks that made him a bond slave to ,god and immortality freed him from earth and earthly things4 ,musing1 in kingly mood1 the scarred hero exclaimed3 ,let not hunger nor cold1 let not the scourge nor the tyrant's threat trouble me1 for ,i bear about in my body the marks of the ,lord ,jesus4 ,now1 ,god hath ordained that1 like ,paul's1 every human body shall register personal history1 publishing a man's deeds1 and proclaiming his allegiance to good or evil4 ,the human face and form are clothed with dignity in that the fleshly pages of to-day show forth the soul's deeds of yesterday4 ,experience teaches us that occupation affects the body4 ,calloused hands betray the artisan4 ,the grimy face proclaims the collier4 ,he whose garments exhale sweet odors needs not tell us that he has lingered long in the fragrant garden4 ,but the face and form are equally sensitive to the spirit's finer workings4 ,mental brightness makes facial illumination4 ,moral obliquity dulls and deadens the features4 ,there never was a handsome idiot4 ,there never can be a beautiful fool4 ,but sweetness and wisdom will glorify the plainest face4 ,physicians tell us that no intensity of disease avails for expelling dignity and majesty from a good man's countenance1 nor can physical suffering destroy the sweetness and purity of a noble woman's4 ,it is said that after his forty days in the mount ,moses' face shone4 ,all the great artists paint ,st4 ,cecilia with face uplifted1 listening to celestial music1 and all glowing with light1 as though sunbeams falling from above had transfigured the face of the sweet singer4 ,those who beheld ,daniel ,webster during his delivery of his oration on the ,pilgrim ,fathers say that the statesman's face made them think of a transparent bronze statue brilliantly lighted from within1 with the luminosity shining out through the countenance4 ,but the eyes are the soul's chiefest revelators4 ,tennyson spoke of ,king ,arthur's eyes as pools of purest love4 ,as there is sediment in the bottom of a glass of impure water1 so there is mud in the bottom of a bad man's eye4 ,thus1 in strange ways1 the body tells the story of the soul4 ,health hangs its signals out in rosy cheeks2 disease and death foretell their story in the hectic flush1 even as reddening autumn leaves foretell the winter's heavy frost2 anxious lines upon the mother's face betray her secret burdens2 the scholar's pallor is the revelation of his life1 while the closely knitted forehead of the merchant interprets the vexing problems he must solve4 ,thinking of the pathetic sadness of ,lincoln's face1 all seamed as it was and furrowed with care and anxiety1 ,secretary ,stanton said that the ,president's face was a living page1 upon which the full history of the nation's battles and victories was written4 ,we are told that when the ,waldenses could no longer bear the ghastly cruelty of the inquisitors1 they fled to the mountain fastnesses4 ,there1 worn out by suffering1 the brave leader was stricken by death4 ,coming forth from their hiding-places1 the fugitives gathered around the hero's bier4 ,stooping1 one lifted the hair from the forehead of the dead youth and said3 ,this boy's hair1 grown thin and white through heroic toil1 witnesseth his heroism4 ,these1 the marks of his fidelity4 ,thus1 for those who have skill to read the writing1 every great man's face is written all over with the literature of character4 ,his body condenses his entire history1 just as the ,declaration of ,independence is condensed into the limits of a tiny silver coin4 ,calm majesty is in the face of ,washington2 pathetic patience and divine dignity in that of ,lincoln2 unyielding granite is in ,john ,brown's face1 though sympathy hath tempered hardness into softness2 intellect is in ,newton's2 pure imagination is in ,keats' and in ,milton's2 heroic substance is in the face of ,cromwell and in that of ,luther2 pathetic sorrow is found in ,dante's eyes2 conscience and love shine in the face of ,fnelon4 ,verily1 the body is the soul's interpreter6 ,like ,paul1 each man bears about in his body the marks1 either of ignorance and sin1 of fear and remorse1 or the marks of heroism and virtue1 of love and integrity4 ,to the gospel of the page let us add the gospel of the face4 ,but let none count it a strange thing that the soul within registers its experiences in the body without4 ,god hates secrecy and loves openness4 ,he hath ordained that nature and man shall publish their secret lives4 ,each seed and germ hath an instinctive tendency toward self-revelation4 ,every rosebud aches with a desire to unroll its petals and exhibit its scarlet secret4 ,not a single piece of coal but will whisper to the microscope the full story of that far-off scene when boughs and buds and odorous blossoms were pressed together in a single piece of shining crystal4 ,the great stone slabs with the bird's track set into the rock picture forth for us the winged creatures of the olden time4 ,when travelers through the ,rocky ,mountains behold the flaming advertisements written on the rocks1 the reflection comes to all that nature also uses the rock pages for keeping her private memoranda of all those events connected with her history of fire and flood and glacier4 ,when we speak of a scientific discovery1 we mean that some keen-eyed thinker has come upon a page of nature's diary and copied it for his printer4 ,the sea shells lying upon the crest of the high hills make one chapter in the story of that age when the ocean's waves broke against the peaks of the high mountains4 ,journeying in his summer vacation into the region about ,hudson ,bay1 the traveler brings back pieces of coal containing tropic growths4 ,these carbon notebooks of nature tell us of a time when the regions of ice and snow were covered with tropical fruits and flowers1 and suggest some accident that caused our earth to tip and assume a new angle toward the sun4 ,indeed1 our earth bears about in the body the marks of its entire history1 so that the scientist is able to tell with wondrous accuracy the events of a hundred thousand years ago4 ,already the ,roentgen ray foretells the time when nothing shall be covered that shall not be revealed1 neither hid that shall not be known2 when that which was done in secret shall be proclaimed from the housetops4 ,professor ,babbage1 the mathematician1 has said that the atmosphere itself is becoming one vast phonograph upon whose sensitive cylinder shall be written all that man hath said1 or woman whispered4 ,not a word of injustice spoken1 not a cry of agony uttered1 not an argument for liberty urged1 but it is registered indelibly1 so that with a higher mathematics and a keener sight and sense1 the future scientist may trace each particle of air set in motion with as much precision as an astronomer traces the pathway of a moving star or a distant planet4 ,recently the story has been told of a burglar who accidently discharged a magnesium light connected with a kodak on the shelf4 ,the hour was midnight and everyone in the house was asleep4 ,but the kodak was awake and at work4 ,frightened by the sudden light1 the thief fled1 leaving his spoil behind4 ,but he also left his face4 ,the next day in the court the kodak convicted him4 ,thus the new science is causing each man to stand in the center of an awful photographic and telegraphic system which makes an indelible record of man's words and deeds4 ,no breath is so faint that it can escape recording itself2 no whisper so low1 no plan so secret1 no deed of evil so dark and silent4 ,memory may forget--but nature never4 ,upon the pages of the physical universe the story of every human life is perpetually before the judge of all the earth4 ,it is deeply interesting to see how each living thing bears about in its body the story of its degradation1 or the history of its rise and exaltation4 ,even in things that creep and crawl1 the whole life-history is swept together in the animal body4 ,the ship barnacle began its career with two splendid eyes4 ,but it used its vision to find an easy place upon the side of pier or ship4 ,giving up locomotion1 it grew sleek and fat1 and finally its big eyes grew dull through misuse1 and now they are dead4 ,when the squirrels left the forests in the west and journeyed out upon the open prairies1 they began to burrow in the ground4 ,finally1 for want of use1 they lost all power of climbing4 ,among the birds the lazy cuckoo began by stealing the nest another bird had built4 ,but it paid a grievous price for its theft1 for now when the cuckoo is confined by man and wants a nest of its own it toils aimlessly1 and has lost all power to make for itself a soft1 warm nesting-place4 ,in northern climes the mistletoe has a healthy normal taproot4 ,but in our rich soil it became too dainty for dirt1 and chose the life of a parasite4 ,so the little seed struck its outer roots into the bark of the oak1 and lazily sucked away the tree's rich sap4 ,soon luxury and living upon another's life ruined the mistletoe1 just as the generation of young ,romans was ruined by the father's wealth2 just as an active and healthy boy is wrecked when he begins to be a sluggard and goes to the aunt--some rich aunt--and waits for her to die4 ,and since all the lower creatures bear about in the body the marks of the full life-history1 it seems natural to expect that man's body1 through its health and beauty1 or weakness and decay1 should tell the story of how the soul within has lived and wrought4 ,a short journey through our streets will prove to us that iniquity sets its mark in the face4 ,dickens describes ,fagin as a man who was solid bestiality and villainy done up in bone and tissue4 ,each feature was as eloquent of rascality as an ape's of idiocy4 ,contrariwise1 in the kingdom of morals there are men who seem solid goodness1 kindness1 and virtue1 bound together with fleshly bands4 ,even distant ancestors leave their marks in man's body4 ,it has recently been discovered that the handwriting of one of our presidents was almost exactly that in his grandfather's will4 ,the ,bourbon family has always been distinguished by the aquiline nose4 ,one of the oldest ,new ,england families is known for its singular length and strength of arm4 ,beauty is a mark in one family1 and size is a mark in the other4 ,because man is made in the image of ,god we naturally look for those divine trademarks in man's body called comeliness and complexion1 just as we look for the artist's name on the corner of his picture1 or the sculptor's name on the pedestal of his statue4 ,by so much as a babe's cheek is higher than the blushing peach1 it ought to be more beautiful4 ,and because the trees of the forest go forward toward ,october and death arrayed in their brightest robes1 we have a right to expect that man in his old age also will reach the highest beauty and perfection4 ,but not so4 ,man's history has been a history of selfishness and sin1 and his body bears the marks thereof4 ,his features are seamed by sickness1 dimmed by sensuality1 convulsed by passion1 pinched by poverty1 shadowed by sorrow1 branded by remorse4 ,men's bodies are consumed by sloth1 broken down by labor1 tortured by disease1 dishonored by foul uses1 until beholding the marks of character in the natural face in a glass multitudes would fain forget what manner of men they are4 ,for the human face is a canvas1 and nature's writing goes ever on4 ,but as the wrong act or foul deed sets its seal of distortion on the features1 so the right act or true thought sets its stamp of beauty4 ,there is no cosmetic for homely folks like character4 ,even the plainest face becomes beautiful in noble and radiant moods4 ,he who ever beholds the vision of ,christ's face will at last so take on the likeness of his ,master as to bear about in his body also the marks of the ,lord ,jesus4 ,consider the habits and the unconscious desires as marks of character4 ,when ,arnold of ,rugby took his boys for a holiday to ,london he found the revelators of personality in the objects which they first visited4 ,the youth who had spent each spare moment in sketching made his way immediately to the gallery4 ,young ,stanley1 even then brooding upon moral themes1 turned his face toward the abbey1 whose fame he was to augment4 ,the eager aspirant for political honors rushed toward the houses of ,parliament4 ,thus also the students of physiognomy try to catch the subject off his guard1 when the unconscious and habitual lines appear in the face4 ,the kind of books one loves to read1 the amusements one seeks1 the friends he chooses1 are all revelators4 ,recently an ,english traveler published a volume of impressions concerning ,america4 ,finding little to praise1 the traveler finds much to criticise and blame4 ,during his two or three weeks' sojourn in our cities1 he tells us that he found sights and scenes that would shame ,sodom and ,gomorrah1 and bemoans the fact that in this young1 fresh land things should be as bad as in ,london and ,paris1 whither the scum and wrecks of society have drifted4 ,what a revelation6 not of the city1 but of the critic himself4 ,but because he was interested in other things1 the editor of an ,english ,review found here material for a fruitful discussion of ,the ,higher ,life of ,american ,cities4 ,multitudes have sojourned here during a score of years and have not so much as heard of orgies and excesses4 ,yet if the bee is blind to all save flowers2 if the worm cares only for rotten wood2 if the mole bores downward1 so there are natures that cannot rest until they have ferreted out that which they lovingly seek and eagerly desire to find4 ,habits also reveal personality4 ,first the river digs the channel1 then the channel controls the river1 and when the faculties1 by repetition1 have formed habits1 those habits become grooves and channels for controlling the faculties4 ,what grievous marks were in poor ,coleridge6 ,once this scholar spent a fortnight upon an annual address4 ,but while the audience was assembling ,coleridge left his friends and stepped out the rear door of the hall to go in search of his favorite drug1 leaving his audience to master its disappointment as best it could4 ,and here is ,robert ,burns1 bearing about in his body also the marks of his ownership4 ,for this matchless genius was wrecked and ruined not by the wiles of him of the cloven foot1 but by temptations that have been called godlike4 ,this glorious youth was not beguiled from the path by a desire to be a cold and calculating villain in his treatment of ,jean1 or to die of drink in his prime1 or to leave his widow and orphans in poverty4 ,burns loved upward1 loved noble things and beautiful2 and his very love of beauty and grace1 his love of good company1 of wit1 laughter and song1 and all the stormy splendors of youth at springtide--these are the snares and wiles that caught his beautiful genius and led it away captive4 ,to-day1 for him who hath eyes to see1 the marks of a like immoderation are upon our generation also4 ,what a revelation of the taste of our age is found in the new love of highly spiced literature6 ,all history holds no nobler literature than that in the ,english tongue4 ,our poetry furnishes nectar for angels6 ,our philosophies bread for giants6 ,the essayists furnish food for the gods6 ,nevertheless1 a multitude have turned from this glorious feast to the highly spiced literature of fiction4 ,a traveler tells of watching bees linger so long beside the vats of the distillery that they became maudlin4 ,and the love of high stimulants in literature is one of the character marks of our generation4 ,excess threatens our people4 ,men are anxious to be scholars and hurry along a pathway that leads straight to the grave4 ,men are anxious to find pleasure1 but they find the flowers were grown in the church-yard4 ,men are feverishly anxious for wealth1 and1 coining all time and strength into gold1 they find they have no health with which to enjoy the gathered sweetness4 ,haste in cooking the dinner has destroyed the appetite4 ,we are told that moderation and poise are the secrets of all successful art1 as they are of all successful life4 ,give the rein to appetite and passion1 and satiety1 disenchantment1 and the grave quickly come4 ,health1 happiness1 and character are through restraint4 ,thus truly1 habit and trait in the individual or the generation become a mark in the body that is the revelator of character4 ,what men call character to-day is really another one of the marks of the ,lord ,jesus4 ,now and then a man appears in society from whose very presence there emanates an atmosphere and a sense of power--power that seizes upon the imagination of the beholder and holds him breathless1 even as one stands breathless when overtaken by some sense in nature of overmastering sublimity4 ,these strangely gifted men have appeared only at intervals of centuries4 ,if an ordinary man is attacked in a lonely spot by armed footpads1 he finds himself helpless4 ,but history tells of a man who carried such reserves that1 bound and unaided1 he could deliver himself from an entire band of robbers4 ,surprised one day by a company of bandits1 he was knocked down1 robbed1 and bound4 ,but when he recovered consciousness1 he argued the ropes off his wrists1 talked his purse and rings out of the robbers' pockets back into his1 bound his enemies--not with cords1 but with linked words--led them back to the city instead of away from it1 and landed the waylayers in jail4 ,similarly1 history tells us of half a score of men during the past two thousand years who have carried this same all-commanding atmosphere4 ,for over a century students of oratory have been endeavoring to explain the eloquence of ,whitefield4 ,such power had this man that the statesmen and philosophers of ,london used to leave the metropolis on ,saturday and journey far into the country to join the crowds1 often numbering twenty thousand people1 that followed this preacher from village to village4 ,david ,hume1 the skeptic1 explained ,whitefield's charm by saying that the preacher spake to his audience with the same passionate abandon with which an ardent lover speaks to his sweetheart when he pleads for her hand4 ,but ,benjamin ,franklin tells us that the charm in ,whitefield's speech was not his musical voice1 not his stream of thought running clear as crystal1 not his sudden electric outbursts1 when the great man seemed on fire2 the something that men have tried in vain to analyze1 was his character--goodness and sincerity glowing and throbbing in and through words1 just as the electric current glows and throbs through the connecting wires4 ,another such man1 but lesser1 was ,lamartine4 ,during the ,french ,revolution1 when the mob poured through the streets1 sweeping before it the soldiers who opposed its progress1 ,lamartine made his way to the middle of the street and stood before the brutal leaders4 ,so powerful was the influence of the good man's character1 that1 when the leader said1 ,soldiers1 we are in the presence of a man who represents seventy years of noble living1 the rude mob uncovered4 ,afterward1 when the insurgents laid down their arms1 it was as a tribute to the superiority of character to guns and brute force4 ,but when we read of these all-commanding natures1 we are not to think that these inspirational beings had their influence through some strange magnetic power1 nor that they cast a spell over people like unto the spell that the cat casts over the mouse with which it plays4 ,their might has1 for the most part1 been the might of goodness4 ,the chief mark that ,paul and ,wesley and ,wilberforce1 and all the great have carried about in the body has been the mark of character4 ,what beauty is to the statue2 what ripeness is to the fruit2 what strength is to the body2 what wisdom is to the reason--that character is to the soul6 ,great is the power of bonds and gold6 ,mighty the influence of customs and institutions6 ,but the greatest force that can exist in society is the presence and power of good men4 ,as rain and soil and sunbeams are only raw materials1 to be brought together and condensed into the ripe fruit1 so tools1 knowledge1 goods1 are but raw materials1 to be wrought up into the fine substance of character4 ,happy all who have subordinated the animal impulses and the industrial faculties to the moral sentiments4 ,thrice happy they who have carried all their faculties up unto harmony and symmetry4 ,all such1 like ,paul1 bear about in the body the marks of the ,lord ,jesus4 ,,making ,,the ,,most ,,of ,,one',s ,,self ,till we all come unto the perfect man4--,st4 ,paul4 ,every soul is a seed4 ,it does not yet appear what it shall be4--,h4 ',very early1' said ,margaret ,fuller1 ',i perceived that the object of life is to grow4' ,she herself was a remarkable instance of the power of the human being to go forward and upward4 ,of her it might be said1 as ,gethe said of ,schiller3 ',if ,i did not see him for a fortnight1 ,i was astonished to find what progress he had made in the interim4'--,james ,freeman ,clarke4 ,persons who are to transform the world must be themselves transformed4 ,life must be full of inspiration4 ,if education is valuable1 the age must double it2 if art is sweet and high1 we must double its richness and might2 if philanthropy is divine1 we must double its quantity and tenderness2 if religion is valuable1 double its truths and hasten with it unto more firesides2 if man's life is great1 let him count more precious all its summers and winters4 ,the one duty of life is1 lessen every vice and enlarge every virtue4--,david ,swing4 ,,xiv ,,making ,,the ,,most ,,of ,,one',s ,,self ,two great principles run through all society4 ,first comes the principle of self-care and self-love4 ,each man is given charge of his own body and life4 ,by foresight he is to guard against danger4 ,by self-defense he is to ward off attack4 ,by fulfilling the instincts for food1 for work and rest he is to maintain the integrity of his being4 ,upon each individual rests the solemn obligation to make the most possible of himself1 and to store up resources of knowledge and virtue1 of friendship and heart treasure4 ,but when a man has treated his reason as a granary and stored it with food1 his memory as a gallery1 and filled it with pictures of a beautiful past1 his reason and will as armories1 and stored them with weapons against the day of battle1 then a second principle asserts itself4 ,responsible for his own growth and happiness1 man is made equally responsible for the happiness and welfare of those about him4 ,by so much as he has secured his own personal enrichment1 by that much he is bound to secure the enrichment and social advantage of his fellows4 ,to love one's self at the expense of one's fellows is for selfness to become malignancy4 ,to love one's neighbors more than one's self is foolishness and self-destruction4 ,whatever of value the individual has1 comes from fidelity to the first of these principles4 ,self-love working toward reason makes a man a scholar2 working toward his imagination1 makes him artist and inventor2 working toward his gift of speech1 makes him an orator2 working with pride makes him self-reliant and self-sufficing4 ,and when the principle of love for others asserts itself1 this love1 working toward poverty1 transforms man into a philanthropist2 working toward iniquity1 makes man a reformer2 working toward freedom1 makes him a patriot and a hero2 working toward ,god1 makes him a saint and a seer4 ,the new astronomy makes much of the three cosmic laws4 ,our earth1 by a form of self-love called molecular attraction1 ceases to be scattered dust1 and takes on the shape of a rich and beautiful planet4 ,but self-loved1 our earth is also sun-loved1 and drawn by invisible bands it is swept forward out of winter into summer4 ,then enters in a third principle1 by which ,neptune and ,uranus1 lying upon the edge of space1 seek fellowship with our planet and hold it at a fixed distance from the sun's fierce heat4 ,thus self-love has given the earth individuality1 the love of other planets secures stability1 while the sun's love gives movement and wealth4 ,working together1 these three principles secure the harmony and stability of the planetary world4 ,similarly1 each individual is part of a great social system4 ,each moves forward under the embrace of three laws1 called love to ,god1 love to neighbor1 and love to self4 ,upon obedience to these laws rests all social wealth and civilization4 ,we hear little of individualism1 and much of the solidarity of society4 ,a bloodless and selfish destruction of the rights of the many has threatened the very foundations of human happiness and compelled the recognition of the fact that the weakness and injury of one are the weakness and injury of all4 ,ours is a world in which the law of the survival of the fittest not only works1 but works very rapidly4 ,thus the more wealth a man has the more he can achieve4 ,to-day1 it is said1 the various members of the ,rothschild family in the different capitals of ,europe control nine billions of dollars4 ,this sum is accumulating like a rolling snowball1 and will soon surpass1 and perhaps absorb the wealth of several of the smaller ,european nations4 ,similarly1 in the realm of wisdom1 the more a man knows the more he can know4 ,sir ,william ,jones tells us that he gave five years to mastering his first language1 while six weeks were sufficient for acquiring his fortieth dialect4 ,thus1 too1 in the realm of inventive skill1 each tool becomes the parent of a score of other tools4 ,the studies preparatory to ,edison's first mechanism covered a long period of years2 but1 gaining momentum1 his inventive skill increased in geometric ratio1 until to-day the famous electrician holds nearly a thousand patents2 but1 as nothing succeeds like success1 so nothing is so ruinous as failure4 ,the weaker a man is1 the weaker he must become4 ,when a man who seeks employment is shabby and gaunt and nerveless1 his poverty lessens his chances1 but to-morrow he will be weaker and shabbier1 and day by day the rapidity of his declension will increase4 ,startled by these considerations1 our generation perceives that success feeding upon its gains will soon drink up all the energies of the earth1 while failure1 growing more ruinous1 will sweep multitudes into the abyss4 ,therefore1 society has come to fully recognize the importance of a mutual love and mutual service4 ,when a man falls we are less and less ready to kick him4 ,if the poorly born drops behind in life's race1 society is increasingly ready to set him upon some beast4 ,if some man's brain is spongy1 and his mental processes slow1 the stronger minds are belting his faculties to their swifter energies4 ,if a man's moral springtime is slow1 says one of our social reformers1 society fits up for him a little ethical conservatory1 with steam heat and southern exposure1 where the buds are given a little judicious stimulating and pushing4 ,society is recognizing the debt of strength to weakness4 ,the man who has skill in speech is becoming a voice for the dumb4 ,those who have skill toward wealth are becoming the almoners of bounty toward art1 education and morals4 ,men who selfishly get much and give little1 who have become ,dead ,seas of accumulated treasure1 are losing their standing in society4 ,more and more cities are bestowing their honors and esteem upon those who serve their fellows4 ,men are becoming magazines1 sending out kindness everywhither4 ,men are becoming gardens1 filling all the air with pungent fragrance4 ,men are becoming castles1 in which the poor find protection4 ,the floods of iniquity have long covered the earth1 but love is the dove bringing the olive branch of peace4 ,love sings the dawn of a new day4 ,our generation does well to emphasize the principle of social sympathy and social liability4 ,but1 because individual worth is being threatened1 the time seems to have fully come for also emphasizing man's duty to love and make the most of himself4 ,of late1 self-care and self-enrichment1 as a principle of life1 have been berated and harshly condemned4 ,yet ,christ recognized selfness as a principle most proper and praiseworthy and one to be used as the basis and measure of all moral worth4 ,by so much as man loves and secures for himself the physical benefits and social incitements of life1 by that much he is to love his fellows4 ,and the failure to love one's self wisely and passionately ends by making it impossible for man to love his fellows4 ,plato's thought is ever with us3 ,the granary must be filled before the poor are fed2 knowledge must be gained before knowledge is given4 ,happy the philanthropist whose generosity has founded school or library4 ,but this gift of to-day is made possible only by the industry and thrift of yesterday4 ,happy the surgeon whose skill in a crisis hour has saved some valuable life4 ,but the hand that performs what seems a miracle of surgery has back of it twenty years of vigilant study and practice4 ,ours is a world in which the amount of wisdom or wealth or friendship to be distributed is predetermined by the amount required4 ,the flow of the faucet is determined by the fullness of the reservoir4 ,the speed of the electric car is fixed by the energy stored in the power house4 ,the power of the piston is in the push of the accumulated steam4 ,the ,nile has force to feed civilizations1 because there are a thousand streams and rivers1 a thousand hills and mountains lying back of the ,nile's current1 and crowding it forward4 ,if we could sit down by the famous ,santa ,barbara vine1 and speaking with it as with a familiar friend1 ask how it came to give man a half-ton of purple treasure in a single summer1 the reply would be that this rich treasure was grown and given in one summer because two hundred summers were given to growing a vast root and trunk1 to large stems and stalks4 ,when ,nestor stood forth before the ,greek generals and counseled attack upon ,troy1 he said3 ,the secret of victory is in getting a good ready4 ,wendell ,phillips was once asked how he acquired his skill in the oratory of the lost arts4 ,the answer was3 ,by getting a hundred nights of delivery back of me4 ,shakespeare tells us all that the clouds give in rain what they get in mist1 which is the poet's way of saying that what he gave in inspiration he got by way of perspiration4 ,some years ago a young man asked a distinguished scholar and writer what he thought of the higher education4 ,if ,i were twenty1 and had but ten years to live1 answered the publicist1 ,i would spend the first nine years accumulating knowledge and getting ready for the tenth4 ,indeed1 the measure of influence in any man is the measure of his reserves4 ,the youth who will rule to-morrow is the youth who to-day is storing up resources of knowledge and wisdom1 of self-reliance and courage4 ,all history does but repeat the principle4 ,surveying the past1 we note that the nations that have made great contributions to civilization have been isolated4 ,our historians tell us that the ,hebrew gave conscience and morals1 the ,greek reason and culture1 the ,roman law and government1 the ,teuton liberty and the rise of woman4 ,but1 singularly enough1 not one of these nations lived in an open1 extended country4 ,each forceful race has dwelt upon some island or peninsula4 ,the ,hebrew was shut in between the desert and the sea1 and there restrained until he accumulated his moral treasure4 ,he was compelled to fall back upon his own resources4 ,by practice he found out that it was not best to steal2 that society lived more happily and peacefully when the property of each individual was respected4 ,similarly1 ,god gave him the work of formulating each of the ten commandments4 ,slowly the moral treasure grew4 ,the jurist gave law1 the poet sang songs1 the prophet poured out his rhapsody1 the patriot and martyr died for principle1 and the roll of the heroes lengthened4 ,at last the pages of ,jewish history were filled with names glowing and glorious as the nights with stars4 ,then came ,jesus ,christ1 filling all the land with spiritual energies4 ,soon the pressure of moral forces was so strong as to break through all restraints4 ,then these moral treasures poured forth over all the earth4 ,having given the two thousand years before ,christ to accumulating its moral energies1 the ,hebrew race acquired momentum enough to continue the civilizing tide through the two thousand years after ,christ4 ,similarly ,greece1 the mother of the arts and sciences1 was shut in between the mountains and the sea until the intellectual tides grew deep and strong4 ,but not alone does history urge us to make the most of ourselves4 ,all our great men illustrate the same principle4 ,of late attention has been called to the fact that our cities are being ruled by men whose childhood and youth were spent in the country4 ,isolated1 brooding for years in the fields and forests1 these boys developed a forceful individuality4 ,a recent canvass of the prominent men in ,new ,york ,city showed that eighty-five per cent were reared in the villages and rural districts4 ,seventeen of our twenty-three presidents came from the farm4 ,a census of the colleges and seminaries in and about ,chicago showed that the country is furnishing eighty per cent of our college students4 ,the chances of success seem one hundred to one in favor of the country boy4 ,many explain this by saying that there is a mathematical relation between a fine physique and a firm1 intellectual tread4 ,good thinking rests upon fine brain-fiber4 ,but this is only half the truth4 ,these giants from the country learned in youth not to depend upon books and newspapers1 but upon their eyes and ears4 ,having no external resources1 they turned their thoughts inward and led forth their own faculties4 ,they did not wait until they opened the journal to find out what they thought about some important subject1 but1 unaided1 they wrought out their own opinions1 and through self-reliance grew great4 ,should any sower go forth to sow in the streets of the city1 he would reap but a small harvest4 ,the hard1 beaten roadway would give the grain no lodgment2 but sown on the open furrows1 the seed roots and grows4 ,thus the mind of the city youth is a roadway beaten down by the myriad events of life4 ,his individuality is a root having little chance to grow4 ,the mornings rain newspapers1 the evenings increase events1 the very skies rain pamphlets4 ,individuality is overwhelmed with many things4 ,soon the mind ceases to develop its own mental treasure1 and is content to receive its incitements from without4 ,because schools and colleges are multiplied1 the youth who has never gone to the bottom of a single subject imagines that he is a fine student4 ,because his shelves are crowded with books1 the man deceives himself into thinking that he has read them all4 ,because our age is rich in mechanical appliances and inventions1 many who cannot drive a nail straight imagine that they have been really instrumental in ushering in this magnificent epoch4 ,many sing peans of exultation over this wondrous civilization who are mental and industrial paupers1 whose chief ground of congratulation is that they got themselves born into this particular century4 ,but power does not come that way4 ,moses will control all our jurists to-morrow because he spent forty years in the desert reflecting upon the principles of justice4 ,paul had the honor to fashion our political institutions because he gave twelve years of general preparation and three years of special application to the study of individual rights4 ,milton tells us that he spent four and thirty years of solitary and unceasing study in accumulating his material for a heroic poem that the world would not willingly let die4 ,homer wrote the ,iliad because he was blind and driven in upon his own resources4 ,dante wrote his ,inferno because he was exiled1 and in isolation had time to store up his mental treasure4 ,webster and ,lincoln spent years in the forests and fields1 reflecting and brooding1 analyzing and comparing4 ,many a long summer passed while they sowed and garnered their mental treasure4 ,pasteur gave our generation much1 because for thirty years he isolated himself and got much to give4 ,when ,lowell speaks of the attar of roses1 he reminds us of the whole fields of crimson blossoms that have been swept together in one tiny vial4 ,when ,starr ,king saw the great trees of ,california standing forth twenty-five feet in diameter and lifting their crowns three hundred feet into the sunshine1 he was so impressed by their dignity and beauty as to be touched into tears2 but the size of the trees did not explain his emotion4 ,it was the thought of the reserve energies that had been compacted into them4 ,the mountains had given their iron and rich stimulants1 the hills had given their soil1 the clouds had given their rain and snow1 a thousand summers and winters had poured forth their treasure about the vast roots4 ,thus the authors and statesmen who will help the next generation are to-day engaged in loving themselves and making the most of their talents4 ,not until they have compacted within themselves a thousand knowledges and virtues will they be able to love others4 ,with sadness let us confess that our age is sinning grievously against this principle of self-care and self-love4 ,individual worth is being sorely neglected4 ,an age is great not through a large census roll1 but through a multitude of great souls1 just as a book is valuable not by having many pages1 but by containing great ideas4 ,the paving-stones in our streets are very different from sapphires4 ,the bringing together of #fe1jjj1jjj small granite blocks will not turn these stones into diamonds4 ,it is only when each stone is a gem that the increase of number means the increase of beauty4 ,no nation is moving forward toward supremacy merely because the weak individuals began to go in droves4 ,in our education we are singing peans and praise about our schools and new methods of education4 ,meanwhile ,frederic ,harrison insists that in fifty years the public schools of ,great ,britain have turned out not one mind of the first order4 ,some of those who have achieved renown in literature or statecraft were self-educated4 ,the rest enjoyed the help of some parent or friend1 who very early in the child's career took the pains to search out the child's strongest faculty1 and then asked some tutor or teacher to assist in nourishing the special talent toward greatness4 ,at home1 ,president ,white is telling us that our authors and poets are dead1 and have no successors4 ,nor could it be otherwise4 ,when a skillful driver wishes to develop the speed of a thoroughbred colt1 he specializes upon this one animal4 ,no sensible horseman would put forty colts upon a track and try to develop their speed by driving them around in a drove4 ,it remains for the parents of this country to adopt the method of training their children in droves1 and educating them in herds4 ,our common-school system began in the necessity for the division of labor4 ,settling in the wilds of ,new ,england1 the men went into the forests with axes1 or to the field with their hoes4 ,the mothers went into the garden or to the loom4 ,rather than that their children should have no education1 many parents came together and asked some one man or woman to do the work for all4 ,thus our common schools were born out of poverty and emergency4 ,but at length has come a time when parents1 in blind worship of a system1 have farmed their children out to intellectual wet-nurses4 ,many children who possess talent of the first order in the realm of poetry or literature are compelled during the most precious period of life to spend years upon subjects that yield them no culture effect4 ,meanwhile their enthusiasm is wasted1 and their strongest faculties starved4 ,only when it is too late do they discover the cruel injustice that has been wrought upon them1 and recognize that they must remain unfulfilled prophecies4 ,our common schools have wrought most effectively for our civilization4 ,they are the hope of society4 ,but not until our parents become enthusiastic teachers1 and our homes assist the school rooms1 will men cease complaining that the nation's great men have no successors1 and that genius has departed from our people4 ,the time has fully come for the nation also to begin to love itself4 ,all perceive that the individual has no right to be so generous to-day as to have nothing to bestow to-morrow4 ,wisdom guards to-day's expenditures lest to-morrow's capital be impaired4 ,he is a poor husbandman who so overtaxes his fields or vineyards as to exhaust the soil or destroy the vine4 ,yet many events seem to prove that our nation has sorely injured itself by over-kindness4 ,it has forgotten that only ,god can love everybody4 ,in trying to help the many it has threatened its power to help any4 ,it has been like a man who on a ,january day opens his windows and tries to warm all out of doors1 only to find that he has frozen his family within the house1 and warmed no one without4 ,if we journey into the factory towns in ,new ,england1 where the youthful ,whittier and ,longfellow were trained1 we find the school-houses with windows boarded over4 ,the little churches also are deserted and the doors nailed up4 ,listening to the reformers in our parks on a ,sunday afternoon1 we are amazed by the virulent attacks upon our institutions4 ,conversing with the foreman of a large group of men laying water-pipes1 we are astonished at his statement that he has not a single man who can write well enough to keep the time and hours of these toilers4 ,standing in ,castle ,garden1 where the emigrant ship unloads its multitudes1 we hear the physician exclaim3 ,it will take this nation a hundred years to expel this vice and scrofula from its blood4 ,as some railways water their stock1 and for each dollar issue bonds for five1 in the hope that only one of the five will ever know enough to ask for their dollar1 so the intelligence of the nation has been watered and diluted4 ,sometimes a whole ballot-box full of voters' tickets does not contain the common sense of a single vote of the days of ,hamilton4 ,our nation often seems like a householder who has given his night-key to an enemy who has threatened his home with firebrands4 ,our nation has loved--not wisely1 but too well4 ,the time has come when it must choose between loving itself and becoming bankrupt in intelligence and morality4 ,for purposes of educating the nations of the world as to the true value of free institutions1 one little ,new ,england community1 where all the citizens were patriots and heroes1 scholars and ,christians1 where vulgarity and crime were unknown1 where the jail was empty and the church was full1 where all young lives moved toward the school-house--one such community has a value beyond our present millions4 ,what the world needs is not multitudes1 but examples and ideals4 ,if one ,plato can be produced1 he will lift the world4 ,our citizens ask artists to paint their pictures--not bootblacks4 ,we ask architects to erect our public buildings--not chimney sweeps4 ,loving their city1 our citizens have lined the avenues with beautiful homes and streets with stores and factories4 ,but here their self-love stops4 ,when great men have created the city1 they ask saloon-keepers to govern it4 ,well did the sage say1 it was as if we had passed by ,daniel ,webster and asked an ,african ape to speak in his stead4 ,strange--passing strange--that our nation and city should forget that all love for others begins with a wise love for self4 ,we return from our survey with the conviction that ,jesus ,christ did well to make individual worth the genius of ,christianity4 ,having moved backward along the pathway of history1 we have found the streams of civilization taking rise in some one enriched mind and heart1 even as mighty rivers issue from isolated springs4 ,looking backward we see ,moses building the ,hebrew temple2 we see ,pericles and ,plato fashioning many shapes of truth and beauty for ,athens2 we see ,dante laying the foundations of ,florence2 we see ,carlo ,zeno causing ,venice to rise out of the sands of the sea2 we see ,bacon and ,luther rearing the cathedrals of thought and worship1 under which the millions find their shelter4 ,oppressed by a sense of human ignorance and human sin1 a thousand questions arise4 ,can one poorly born journey toward greatness of stature8 ,the ,cremona violin of the sixteenth century is a mass of condensed melody4 ,each atom was soaked in a thousand songs1 until the instrument reeks with sweetness4 ,but can a human instrument1 long out of tune and sadly injured1 e'er be brought back to harmony of being8 ,in the studio of the sculptor lie blocks of deserted marble4 ,out of one emerges a hand1 another exhibits the outlines of a face4 ,but for some reason the artist has forsaken them4 ,it seems that as the chisel worked inward1 it uncovered some crack or revealed a dark stain4 ,therefore the sculptor passed it by1 preferring the flawless block of snowy marble4 ,is the soul soiled by sin1 to be cast off by the divine ,sculptor8 ,journeying across the plains1 travelers looking through the car windows behold the ,california trail4 ,the wagon ruts have become ditches1 and the old route is marked by human graves4 ,but long ago men exchanged the ox cart1 the deep wagon ruts1 and the wearisome journey1 for palace cars4 ,thus there are many paths of sin worn deep by pressure of human feet4 ,many would fain forsake them4 ,but is there any divine power to cast up some divine highway8 ,is there a happiness8 ,nature is kind to her grains and sweeps them forward toward harvests2 is kind toward her apple seeds and bids them journey unto orchards2 is kind unto the ,march days1 and bids them journey into perpetual summer4 ,and man would fain find some divine friend who will lead him unto great personal worth4 ,as if to fulfill man's deepest needs1 ,jesus ,christ enters the earthly scene4 ,he comes to hasten man's step along that pathway that leads from littleness unto largeness4 ,before our admiring vision the ,divine ,teacher seems like some sacred husbandman1 ,his garden our earth1 good men and great earth's richest fruit4 ,he asks each youth to love and make the most of himself1 that later on he may be bread to the hungry1 medicine to the wounded1 shelter to the weak4 ,he bids each love his own reason1 getting wisdom with that eager passion that ,hugh ,miller had for knowledge4 ,he bids each make the most of friendship1 emulating ,plato in his love for his noble teacher4 ,he asks each to love industry1 emulating ,peabody1 whose generosity gushed like rivers4 ,he asks each to make the most of courage and self-reliance1 emulating ,livingstone in self-denying service4 ,he bids each emulate and look up to ,jesus ,christ1 as ,dante1 midst the pitchy night1 looked up toward the star4 ,he bids each move heaven and earth to achieve for himself a worthy manhood4 ,for thus only can earth ever be moved back unto heaven4 ,,index ,ablard1 #aff ,abraham1 influence on posterity1 #af ,abundant ,life1 #bi schylus1 #aih ,agassiz1 #ajb1 #bcg ,aristotle1 #abd ,arkwright1 #ii ,arnold1 #ace1 #baf1 #bib ,thos41 #afd ,aspirations and ,ideals1 #ec number and kind1 #fa power to lift life1 #eh the use of1 #fc rebuke lower life1 #ff enemies of1 #gj ,babbage1 #bhg ,bancroft1 ,geo41 #aj ,beatrice1 #dd ,beecher1 #ai1 #ie1 #acd1 #adb1 #ahh1 #beh ,bible1 #cb1 #ih1 #adb1 #afd1 #bee ,body1 a thinking machine1 #hj delicacy of sensation1 #hj evolution1 #ha its needs as stimuli1 #hh channel of knowledges1 #hh system of moral registration1 #ib ,books and reading1 #bcc increase of power of vision1 #bch show men at their best1 #bci tools for the mind1 #bdj multiply brain forces1 #bdb preserve the spirit of great men1 #bdc give information1 #bdf show unity of progress1 #bdi choice of books1 #bej ,brooks1 ,phillips1 #dd1 #bed ,brown1 ,john1 #eh ,browning1 ,mrs41 #bdh ,bulwer ,lytton1 #ace ,bunyan1 #aad ,burns1 #aeh1 #bid ,byron1 #dh1 #ahh1 #aih1 #bej ,cadmus1 #af ,caird1 #hd ,capital1 original1 #ac ,carlyle1 #gf1 #bad1 #bcd1 #bci1 #bee ,castelar1 #dj ,channing1 #aib1 #bbe1 #bcd ,character1 #ca1 #dd defined1 #cd materials of1 #cd ,charles ,,ix41 #bjc ,clay1 #aed1 #bfb ,climate1 effect on race1 #af ,coleridge1 #dg1 #acb1 #bjj1 #bic ,columbus1 #ef1 #aeb ,confucius1 #cb ,conscience and ,character1 #ahg working of conscience1 #aia1 #bja uses and functions1 #aii standard1 #aii relation to judgment1 #bjj influence on memory1 #bja in daily life1 #bjb commercial1 #bje emotional1 #bjh to the past1 #bji ,contrasts and extremes1 teachers1 #dg ,cooper1 ,peter1 #agg ,cranmer1 #ade ,cromwell1 #ci1 #dj1 #ajj ,curtis1 ,geo4 ,wm41 #bc ,dana1 #hd ,dante1 #ba1 #gh1 #abi1 #aej1 #afe1 #aih1 #bae1 #cab1 #cah ,david1 #dh1 #afe ,death1 #ie ,demosthenes1 #aih ,de ,tocqueville1 #abf ,dickens1 #ajf ,distribution of ability in ,u4,s41 #bb ,dor1 #abd ,douglass1 ,frederick1 #bbc ,dreams1 #fd ,drummond1 #hb1 #hd ,dwight's dictum1 #ae ,edison1 #afi1 #cjd ,elements of worth in individual1 #i ,eliot1 ,geo41 #agh1 #aif1 #bbb ,emerson1 #ac1 #ca1 #cd1 #db1 #ih1 #ajc1 #abb1 #aej1 #afd ,enthusiasm1 #afh of friendship1 #afe ,epictetus1 #agd ,evolution1 #hb ,external world a teacher1 #cg ,faraday1 #bdh ,fiske1 #id ,friendship1 #afc secret of eminence1 #agc refining1 #agh ,froude1 #agb ,garibaldi1 #aga1 #ahd ,gladstone1 #dc1 #fi ,gethe1 #aea ,grant1 #ahd ,greeley1 #cc ,guttenberg printing press1 #hb ,hamilton1 #acc1 #bja ,handel1 #aec ,harrison1 ,frederic1 #bcd1 #bej1 #cad ,hawthorne1 #ajg ,health1 #ge ,helps1 ,arthur1 #bec ,heredity1 #acj ,herod1 #ahi ,heroes raised up to teach men1 #eh1 #ei ,hoe1 printing press1 #hb ,holland1 ,j4,g41 #bc ,holmes1 ,o4,w41 #ac ,homer1 #fj1 #cab ,hugo1 #aic ,huss1 #ade1 #aej ,huxley1 #gf ,ideals1 teachers1 #di ,ignorance1 #ai1 #ca ,imagination1 #ada defined1 #adg sustains men1 #adi place in science and invention1 #aeg mechanics1 #aeb helps character1 #aef abuse of1 #aeg lifts above misfortune1 #aei reveals ,god1 #afj ,integrity1 #bg ,iron1 value of raw and manufactured1 #bj ,jacob's vision1 #gj1 #aff ,jesus1 #ad1 #bi1 #cj1 #ca1 #dj1 #ea1 #ei1 #aae1 #aah1 #ahc1 #ahi1 #baj1 #bae1 #bga1 #cji1 #cah1 #cai ,john1 #ad ,johnson1 #dg1 #aff ,jones1 ,sir ,wm41 #cjd ,judas ,iscariot1 #ace ,keats1 #ajf ,king1 ,starr1 #cab ,knowledge1 #bj ,kossuth1 #ahd ,lamartine1 #cd ,lamb1 #dg1 #aff1 #bdd ,lecky1 #de ,lee1 inventor of loom1 #dg ,lincoln1 #cd1 #da1 #afi1 #bai1 #bhd1 #cab ,livingstone1 #eh1 #gh1 #bcf1 #bda ,living with men1 #beg the largest subject1 #bei training necessary1 #bfb the most important act1 #bfd the most difficult1 #bff aim and end of life1 #bgd test of manhood1 #bge ,locke1 #abb ,lodge's study of distribution of ability1 #bb ,longfellow1 #abi1 #beb ,lowell1 #ca1 #ih1 #adb1 #cab ,lubbock's inquiry of ,indian chief1 #af1 #age ,luther1 #dj1 #da1 #eh1 #gh1 #ajj1 #aga ,macaulay1 #acb1 #bfb ,making the most of one's self1 #bii self-care and self-love1 #cja debt of strength to weakness1 #cje examples from history1 #cji examples from great men1 #cji duty of the nation1 #caf teaching of ,christ1 #cah ,man a double creature1 #he ,mann1 ,horace1 #ag ,massachusetts1 education1 #bb ,mc,cosh1 #hd ,michael ,angelo1 #aah1 #adi1 #bad ,mill1 ,john ,stuart1 #ab1 #be ,millais1 ,martyr1 #eh ,millet's ,angelus1 #bj ,milton1 #cd1 #ef1 #gi1 #aad1 #abi1 #aec1 #afg1 #agd1 #aih1 #bcd1 #cab ,mind and the duty of right thinking1 #ig its wonderfulness1 #aja its fruitfulness1 #ajc determines character1 #aad ,misfits in life1 #ac ,mivart1 #aaf ,monotony1 a teacher1 #dc ,moral uses of the memory1 #aba basis of civilization1 #abe power1 #aca examples1 ,macaulay1 ,niebuhr1 etc41 #aca influenced by conscience1 #bja ,napoleon1 #ag1 #adb1 #aec1 #ahd ,newness as a teacher1 #db ,newton1 #hd1 #bcg1 #bch ,nestor1 #cjg ,niebuhr's memory1 #aca ,nilsson1 #aed ,northampton1 noted men1 #bc ,obedience to law1 #bg ,oken1 #aea ,paganini1 #ad1 #bfb ,pasteur1 #cab ,paul1 #ab1 #da1 #bcd1 #bce1 #bhb ,paupers1 plebeian and patrician1 #ab ,peter1 #ace ,petrarch1 #aff ,phillips1 #ace1 #agj1 #bag1 #cjg ,phidias1 #gi1 #abe ,phocion1 #cd ,physical basis of character1 #gd ,pitt1 #ace ,plato1 #ac1 #afc1 #ahc1 #ahi1 #bad1 #cjf ,pliny1 #gj ,proctor1 #ajc ,ptolemy1 #de ,pythagoras1 #add ,racial elements1 #ae ,rameses1 #gg ,raphael1 #ea ,rasselas1 #dg ,responsibility a teacher1 #df ,revelators of character1 #bgi the face1 #bhc instances1 #bhe body1 #bhe habits and unconscious desires1 #bib power of pure character1 #big ,richter1 #aba ,rosetti1 #aba ,ruskin1 #da1 #dc1 #bee1 #beh ,savonarola1 #da1 #aga1aia ,scaliger's memory1 #aca ,schopenhauer1 #bbg ,schiller1 #afg1 #bad ,scott1 #aej1 #bja ,seneca's memory1 #aca ,servetus1 #bjc ,seward1 #ahh ,shakespeare1 #bb1 #dg1 #ea1 #ec1 #gi1 #ig1 #abe1 #acf1 #afd1 #aic1 #cjg ,silas ,marner1 #agh ,sin1 a personal fact1 #hg ,skill in handling men1 #be ,smith1 ,adam1 #ab ,sidney1 #aaa ,socrates1 #ad1 #eg1 #ib1 #acj1 #afe1 #aij1 #bad ,solon1 #add ,sophocles1 #aih ,sophroniscus1 #adg ,southey1 #bdd ,spencer1 ,herbert1 #ej1 #afh ,stanley1 #bag1 #bib ,sterne1 #ahh ,stupidity of sin1 #be ,strength1 physical1 #ag ,strikes1 #be ,swing1 #ig1 #afd1 #bab1 #beh ,taylor1 #bab ,teachers in life external world1 #cg temptation1 #ci newness and zest1 #db monotony1 #dd responsibility1 #df contrasts and extremes1 #dg ideals1 #di ,temptation1 #ci ,tennyson1 #aba1 #afe1 #agb1 #bhd ,themistocles1 #bc ,theseus1 #af ,tholuck1 #ea ,thomson1 ,sir ,wm41 #bdh ,thompson1 #ge ,thoughts affect face's expression1 #aji ,thucydides1 #aii ,titian1 #bfb ,trademarks1 #bha ,tubman1 ,harriet1 #bbc ,tupper1 #ce ,tyndall1 #aja ,value of man1 financial1 #aa acc4 to race1 #af thoughts determine1 #aaa ,veronese1 #aac ,virgil1 #aaj ,vision hours1 #ej1 #fb1 #fh1 #bcj ,visions that disturb1 #baa shape great lives1 #bag bring life's best moods1 #bbb conquer sin1 #bbc secure service for right1 #bbc make good men perfect1 #bbd for our nation1 #bbe ,von ,humboldt1 #ahi ,moltke1 #bc ,rile1 #aah ,wastes of ,society1 #i through ignorance1 #ai hatred1 #bh ,washington1 #cd1 #ahh ,watson1 ,wm41 #bab ,watts1 #bi1 #hj1 #abe1 #aeb ,webster1 #aec1 #aib1 #bbj1 #bef1 #bfb1 #bhd1 #cab ,white1 ,pres41 #cad ,whitney1 ,prof41 #bc ,wordsworth1 #dg1 #ig1 #ajf1 #agh ,zeno1 #cah ,zacharias1 #ad 99 99 99 99 99 ---------------------------------------- ------------------- ,typographical errors corrected in text3 ,page #bg3 ,obedince replaced with ,obedience ,page #dj3 sweetnees replaced with sweetness ,page #hc3 miscroscope replaced with microscope ,page #hh3 civilzation replaced with civilization ,page #acc3 provison replaced with provision ,page #afd3 ,goethe replaced with ,gethe ,page #bcg3 eloqunce replaced with eloquence ,page #cbe3 ,m',cosh replaced with ,mc,cosh ,page #cbg3 ,thunistocles replaced with ,themistocles ,page #cbg3 ,thesnes replaced with ,theseus ,the following words are correct3 ,page #fc3 stithy1 noun meaning #a4 an anvil1 #b4 a forge or smithy4 ,page #afa3 bowlder1 an obsolete spelling for boulder ,page #bhh3 accidently1 alternate spelling for accidentally ,page #caa3 peans1 noun meaning #a4 any song of praise1 joy1 or triumph4 #b4 a hymn of invocation or thanksgiving to ,apollo or some other ancient ,greek deity4 ---------------------------------------- ------------------- 99 99 99 99 99