,religion 9 ,japan3 ,%9toism--,buddhism--,*ri/ianity4 ,by ,george ,a4 ,cobbold1 ,b4,a4 ,pembroke ,college1 ,ox=d ,) ,illu/rations4 ,pr9t$ ,"u ,! ,direction ( ! ,tract ,committee4 ,london3 ,society ,= ,promot+ ,*ri/ian ,k1 ,nor?umb]l& ,av5ue1 ,w4,c42 #dc1 ,que5 ,victoria ,/reet1 ,e4,c4 ,brighton3 #abi1 ,nor? ,/reet ,new ,york3 ,e4 ,s4 ,gorham #aije ,,cont5ts ,introductory4 ,i4 ,%9toism4 ,,ii4 ,buddhism4 ,,iii4 ,buddhism ,9 ,japan4 ,,iv4 ,buddhism ,& ,*ri/ianity4 ,v4 ,*ri/ianity ,9 ,japan4 ,publications ,( ,! ,society = ,promot+ ,*ri/ian ,k4 ,footnotes ,,introductory4 ,x may well be que/ion$ :e!r1 9 ! c\rse ( a l p]iod ( "t1 any c\ntry has ev] und]gone great] transitions1 or made m rapid /rides along ! pa? ( civilization ?an has ,japan dur+ ! la/ qu>t] ( a c5tury4 ,a gr\p ( num]\s isl&s1 situat$ on ! high-road & ?or\ghf>e ( m>itime traffic across ! ,pacific1 betwe5 ! ,ea/]n & ,we/]n hemisph]es1 & 9 area consid]ably exce$+ ,great ,brita9 & ,irel&1--,japan1 until ?irty ye>s ago1 0 a t]ra incognita to ! re/ ( ! _w2 exce$+ ev5 ,*9a 9 its cons]vatism & exclusiv5ess4 ,& n[1 )9 a space ( "s five-&-tw5ty ye>s1 su* *anges h come ab\t z to h giv5 bir? to ! expression1--8! trans=mation ( ,japan40 ,! m conspicu\s ( ^! *anges are summ$ up by a rec5t writ] 9 ! foll[+ words3--8,new & enlight5$ crim9al codes h be5 enact$2 ! me?ods ( judicial proc$ure h be5 entirely *ang$2 ?or\ghly effici5t sy/ems ( police1 ( po/s1 ( telegraphs1 & ( national education h be5 organiz$2 an army & a navy modell$ aft] ,we/]n patt]ns h be5 =m$2 ! f9ances ( ! ,empire h be5 plac$ on a s\nd basis2 railways1 roads1 & h>b\rs h be5 con/ruct$2 an effici5t m]cantile m>9e has sprung into exi/5ce2 ! jail sy/em has be5 radically improv$2 an ext5sive s*eme ( local gov]nm5t has be5 put into op]ation2 a competitive civil s]vice has be5 organiz$2 ! :ole fiscal sy/em has be5 revis$2 an influ5tial & widely-read newspap] press has gr[n up ) extraord9>y rapidity2 & gov]nm5t by p>liam5t has be5 sub/itut$ = mon>*ical absolutism407#a7 ,at ! pres5t day1 an ,engli%man travell+ 9 ,japan is con/antly meet+ numb]s ( 8 c\ntrym51 int5t on ei!r bus9ess or pleasure2 :ile at all ! pr9cipal cities & places ( resort1 h&some new hotels1 fitt$ 9 ,we/]n /yle1 are to be f\nd4 ,! ,mikado may be se5 driv+ ?r\gh 8 ,capital 9 a c>riage t w\ld n be out ( place 9 ! ,p>ks ( ,london or ,p>is2 & at ,c\rt c]emonies ,european dress is de rigueur4 ,engli% is taught 9 all ! bett]-class s*ools1 & at ! ,univ]sities ! works ( su* au?ors z ,bacon1 ,locke1 ,macaulay1 ,d>w91 ,john ,/u>t ,mill1 ,h]b]t ,sp5c]1 are 9 con/ant reque/ ) ! /ud5ts4 ,9 %ort1 on e side evid5ce is af=d$1 t be x = bett] or = worse1 ! old ord] is fa/ *ang+ & giv+ place to new4 ,! circum/ances :i* h br\ght ab\t ^! wond]ful *anges c only be v briefly indicat$ "h4 ,x 0 t[>ds ! middle ( ! sixte5? c5tury t ,japan fir/ came into contact ) ! ,we/]n _w2 ! fir/ trad]s to arrive be+ ! ,portuguese1 :o 7 foll[$ "s sixty ye>s lat] by ! ,dut*1 & 9 #afac by a few ,engli% %ips4 ,to all ( ^! alike a hospitable reception appe>s to h be5 accord$2 nor is !re any d\bt t ,japanese exclusiv5ess 0 a ?+ ( subsequ5t gr[?1 & t x 0 bas$ only on a s9c]e conviction t ! nation's well-be+ & happ9ess w\ld be be/ consult$ by refus+ to h deal+s ) ! out] _w4 ,& inde$1 t ! ,japanese %\ld h arriv$ at ?is decision is by no means to be wond]$ at2 _! fir/ exp]i5ce ( =eign int]c\rse hav+ be5 s+ul>ly un=tunate4 ,! unhappy brea*1 :i* ev5tually l$ to ,japan entirely clos+ h] ports to =eign traffic1 01 x w\ld seem1 due p>tly to ! attitude ( h>% intol]ance & g5]al int]f]5ce adopt$ by c]ta9 ( ! ,roman ,ca?olic mission>ies1 :o by ?is "t _h arriv$ 9 ! c\ntry3 & p>tly to ! ins9uations made by ! ,dut* t ! ,portuguese 7 aim+ at t]ritorial aggr&izem5t4 ,anyh[1 9 #afbd1 ,japan 0 entirely clos$ to =eign trade1 save = "s concessions1--accompani$ by ! sev]e/ re/rictions1--p]mitt$ to ! ,dut*2 no =eign]s 7 all[$ to ent]1 & no natives to leave1 ! empire2 ! mission>ies 7 expell$1 & ,*ri/ianity 0 prohibit$ "u pa9 ( dea?4 ,! ,japanese1 z has be5 said1 8suspect$ ev]ybody & %ut out ! _w40 ,previ\s to ?is crisis ! ,engli% _h retir$2 b :51 9 #afgc1 our c\ntry s\ght to resume fri5dly relations1 ! connexion exi/+ betwe5 ! ,engli% & ,portuguese c\rts prov$ an insup]able ob/acle47#b7 ,subsequ5t ov]tures made 9 #ahdi1 7 c\rte\sly b firmly reject$2 ?\gh ! p]iod ( ,japan's isolation 01 z lat] ev5ts prov$1 almo/ at an end4 ,9 #ahec1 ! ,gov]nm5t ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates despat*$ a fleet across ! ,pacific1 "u ! comm& ( ,commodore ,p]ry1 to insi/ ^u ! surr5d] ( a policy :i*1 x 0 urg$1 no "o nation ( ! _w _h a "r to adopt t[>ds ! re/4 ,:e!r ! argum5ts ) :i* ?is position 0 advanc$ w\ld ( !mselves h prevail$1 is impossible to say2 b s9ce x 0 evid5t t %\ld words fail1 /]n] measures w\ld be resort$ to1 ,japan _h no *oice b to submit4 ,treaties 7 accord+ly conclud$1 fir/ ) ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 & subsequ5tly ) ,engl& & o!r ,european p[]s2 by virtue ( :i* a few ports 7 grudg+ly op5$1 & ,japanese subjects p]mitt$ to engage 9 comm]cial transactions ) ! outside _w4 ,= ! fir/ few ye>s1 x is c]ta9 t a /rong feel+ ( suspicion & dislike t[>ds =eign]s 0 rife2 b 9 #ahfh ev5ts occurr$ :i* br\ght ab\t a complete *ange 9 ! :ole situation4 ,= "s six hundr$ ye>s a dual sy/em ( gov]nm5t _h exi/$ 9 ,japan4 ,on ! "o h&1 0 ! ,mikado1 suppos$ to trace a l9eage ( unbrok5 desc5t f ! gods1 & accord$ a v5]ation semi-div9e1 b liv+ 9 seclusion at ! city ( ,kyoto1 ) su* p[]s ( adm9i/ration z he /ill reta9$ conf9$ to matt]s ( religion & education4 ,on ! o!r h&1 0 ! ,%ogun1 or ,tycoon1 ! ackn[l$g$ head ( a feudalism1 :i*1 :ile nom9ally recogniz+ ! ,mikado's au?ority1 _h usurp$ ! sov]eign p[]1 & really gov]n$ ! c\ntry4 ,b 9 #ahfh1 ! alt]$ circum/ances 9 :i* ,japan f\nd h]self br\ght ab\t a revolution4 ,! anci5t nobility 7 fill$ ) indignation & disgu/ at ! ,tycoon s f> violat+ ,japanese tradition z to ent] into treaties ) =eign c\ntries2 &1 z a consequ5ce ( ?is rupture1 ! ,%ogunate1 ^: p[] _h = "s "t be5 wan+1 completely collaps$4 ,! ,mikado 0 re/or$ to imp]ial p[]1 & at once ent]$ ^u a policy :i* has be5 consi/5tly adh]$ to1 & receiv$ ) fav\r by ! p g5]ally1 :o _h gr[n impati5t ( ! re/ra9t :i* environ$ !m4 ,t policy may be t]m$ ! ,europeanization ( ! ,empire2 & 9 x we h ! explanation ( ! ,japan ( to-day4 ,x is n surpris+ t ! int]e/ excit$ 9 ,engl&1 ) reg>d to a c\ntry :i* has exp]i5c$ su* rem>kable *anges1 %\ld be ( ! greate/--especially :5 x is rememb]$ 9 h[ l>ge a degree ,engli% influ5ce has contribut$ to produce !m4 ,we may be c]ta91 also1 t ! /ill fur!r developm5ts ! future has 9 /ore1 w be foll[$ 9 our own c\ntry ) a close att5tion4 ,equally natural is x t1 9 ^! days ( s great fa%ion & facility = travell+1 increas+ numb]s ( ,engli% p %\ld avail !mselves ( ! opportunity ( explor+ a c\ntry s entirely unique1 & s ri* 9 its attractions ( nature & ( art4 ,^! circum/ances h comb9$ to call into exi/5ce a l>ge numb] ( books on ,japan1 f :i* any1 :o are unable to visit x 9 p]son1 may obta9 z good an idea z is possible by read+ ( ! c\ntry1 its p1 & its cu/oms4 ,inde$ x is by no means easy = any writ] n[ to fa/5 ^u an aspect ( ! subject1 9 :i* he does n f9d himself =e/all$4 ,t1 h[ev]1 on :i*1 s f> z ,i und]/&1 lea/ has be5 writt51 is precisely t t[>ds :i* my own ma9 att5tion 0 direct$ f ! "t ( my leav+ ,engl&1 & ?r\gh\t ! p]iod ( my visit to ! c\ntry1--namely1 ! religi\s aspect4 ,t ! foll[+ pages mu/ be v imp]fect 9 ! /atem5t !y supply1 ,i am well aw>e2 & t1 despite my ef=ts to obta9 tru/wor?y in=mation1 !y w n prove free f inaccuracy or mi/ake is extremely probable4 ,b ,i 0 induc$ to ent] ^u _! prep>ation by a s]ies ( circum/ances t appe>$ to fav\r su* a task1 & ne$ n be specifi$ "h4 ,= ! mat]ial suppli$ to me1 h[ev]1 by "o k9d fri5d 9 p>ticul>1 )\t ^: assi/ance ^! articles w\ld nev] h be5 attempt$1 ,i mu/ express my special obligation4 ,i w\ld gladly ref] to him by "n1 did ,i feel at lib]ty to d s )\t obta9+ 8 p]mission1 :i* ,i h n1 at ! "t ( writ+1 ! opportunity ( ask+4 ,also1 among ! books ,i h consult$ on ! subject1 ,i mu/ ackn[l$ge my great indebt$ness to ,messrs4 ,*amb]la9 & ,mason's excell5t ,h&book = ,japan 7,murray1 #ahia72 & to a copy ( ,dr4 ,e4 ,j4 ,eitel's ,lectures on ,buddhism 7,trbn]1 #ahga71 giv5 me by ! au?or1 at ! close ( a mo/ int]e/+ day sp5t "u 8 guidance4 ,! sket* ,map ( ,japan is ins]t$ by ! k9d p]mission ( ! 8,guild ( ,/4 ,paul40 ,novemb]1 #ahic4 ,i4 ,,%9toism4 ,:51 9 ! six? c5tury ( ! ,*ri/ian era1 ,buddhism 0 introduc$ into ,japan f ,*9a1 by way ( ,korea1 ! ne$ 0 felt ( "s t]m by :i* ! anci5t indig5\s religion ( ! c\ntry might be di/+ui%$ f ! new importation4 ,! t]m ?us adopt$ 0 ,%9to1 or ,kami-no-mi*i2 ! =m] be+ a ,*9ese ^w1 & ! latt] its ,japanese equival5t4 ,! mean+ ( ei!r1 9 ,engli%1 is ! 8,way ( ! ,g5ii1 or ,spirits407#c7 ,x w1 accord+ly1 be se5 t ! ^w 8,%9to0 has only be5 9 use = "s ?irte5 c5turies1 :ile ! cre$ x designates claims to trace its orig9 f ! remote/ antiquity4 ,inde$1 ! inve/igation ( ,%9toism takes u back n m]ely to ! e>lie/ annals ( ,japanese hi/ory1 b to ! fabul\s leg5ds ( a my?ological p]iod4 ,! hi/ory ( ,japan is commonly reckon$ to comm5ce ) ! accession ( ! ,emp]or ,jimmu ,t5no1 ! date ( :i* is giv5 z ,febru>y #aa1 #ffj ,b4,c42 & :51 9 #ahhi1 ! new ,con/itution 0 promulgat$1 ! anniv]s>y ( ?is ev5t 0 ! day select$--! idea evid5tly be+ to confirm ! popul> belief 9 ! cont9uity ( ! c\ntry's hi/ory4 ,?is ,jimmu ,t5no--acc\nt$ by ! ,japanese _! fir/ human sov]eign--is suppos$ to h be5 desc5d$ f ,ama-t]asu1 ! sun-goddess1 :o 0 born f ! left eye ( ,izanagi1 ! creator ( ,japan2 & ?is x is t acc\nts = ! semi-deification 9 :i* ! ,emp]ors ( ,japan h ev] be5 held4 ,x is1 !n1 ! c\ntless h]oes & demi-gods ( ! my?ological age ref]r$ to--! *ildr5 ( ,izanagi reign+ ov] ,japan1 g5]ation aft] g5]ation1 = _m ?\s&s ( ye>s--t are ! *ief objects ( ,%9to v5]ation2 = :ile x is usual to speak ( ,%9toism z be+ a comb9ation ( ance/or-wor%ip & nature-wor%ip1 x w\ld seem t ! latt] ( ^! elem5ts 0 l>gely due to ! contact ( ,japan ) ! ,ta\ism ( ,*9a1 & ) metaphysical ,buddhism4 ,?us ! ess5tial pr9ciple ( ,%9toism1 x w be se51 is closely ak9 to t filial piety1 :i* =ms s conspicu\s a feature 9 ! religi\s1 political1 & social life ( ,*9a1 & :i*--des]v+ z x is1 9 _m ways1 ( respect & admiration--pres5ts1 :5 c>ri$ to excess1 s va/ a h9drance to developm5t & progress4 8,%9toism10 9 ! words ( ,diayoro ,goh1 ,*ancellor ( ! ,japanese ,consulate ,g5]al 9 ,london1 8orig9at$ 9 ! wor%ip (f]$ by a b>b>\s p to ! my?ological p]sons ( its own inv5tion40 ,to speak accurately1 x is n s mu* a religion z patriotism exalt$ to ! rank ( a cre$4 ,x is a v5]ation ( ! c\ntry's h]oes & b5efactors ( e age1 leg5d>y & hi/orical1 anci5t & m rec5t2 ! spirits ( ^! be+ appeal$ to = protection4 ,int]wov5 ) ?is1 its fundam5tal *>act]i/ic1 & to a great ext5t obscur+ x1 is a wor%ip ( ! p]sonifi$ =ces ( nature2 express+ itself (t5 9 ! mo/ abject sup]/ition1 &1 until lately1 also 9 t gross] symbolism ) :i* ! religion ( ,anci5t ,egypt ab\nd$4 ,?is latt] feature 0 widely preval5t 9 ,japan at ! "t t ! c\ntry 0 fir/ op5$ to =eign]s2 b aft] ! ,revolution 9 #ahfh1 x 0 ev]y:]e suppress$4 ,x w\ld appe> t ! p]sonal cleanl9ess = :i* ! ,japanese1 z a nation1 are celebrat$1 _h its orig9 9 ! idea ( ! purification ( ! body symboliz+ ! cleans+ ( ! s\l2 & 9 a vague & hazy sort ( way1 ,%9toism w\ld seem to recognize a future /ate ( bliss or mis]y1 = :i* ! pres5t life is a p]iod ( probation4 ,practically1 h[ev]1 ?is is ! only _w ) :i* ,%9toism conc]ns itself2 nor does x inculcate any laws ( morality or conduct1 consci5ce & ! he>t be+ acc\nt$ suffici5t guides4 ,x provides nei!r public wor%ip1 nor s]mons2 :ile its application is limit$ to subjects ( ! ,mikado4 8,x is ! lea/ exact+ ( all religions40 ,:5 ?is is once und]/ood1 !re ceases to be any?+ surpris+ 9 ! fact ( two religions--( :i* ,%9toism 0 "o1 & ! o!r a cre$ s accommodat+ z ,buddhism--runn+1 side by side1 = c5turies 9 ! same c\ntry1 & be+ pr(ess$ simultane\sly by ! same p1 until ! two 7 s closely int]wov5 t x became sc>cely possible to di/+ui% _! respective elem5ts4 ,9 ! eighte5? c5tury an attempt 0 made to re/ore ,%9toism to its primitive simplicity1 & to m\ld x into a philosophical sy/em :i* might m9i/] to ! high] aspirations ( humanity4 ,b ! movem5t 0 a failure1 & ! ,ryobu-,%9to1 or 8d\ble religion10--! comb9ation1 t is to say1 ( ,%9toism & ,buddhism--cont9u$ z be=e4 ,x 0 only s lately z ! ye> #ahfh t any important *ange took place 9 ! religi\s hi/ory ( ,japan4 ,9 t ye>1 ,%9toism--= reasons :olly political--0 adopt$ z ! ,/ate1 or 8e/abli%$0 religion2 ,buddhism hav+ always be5 ! religion fav\r$ by ! ,%ogunate1 & ! anci5t nobility :om ! ,%ogun repres5t$4 ,^u ?is1 e temple 0 requir$ to decl>e itself ei!r ,%9to or ,buddhi/1 & to remove ! emblems & ornam5ts peculi> to ! disc>d$ cult1 :i*ev] t might be4 ,t no little excitem5t & dispute foll[$ ^u ?is proclamation1 w be readily und]/ood2 especially :5 we be> 9 m9d t1 = sev]al hundr$ ye>s1 ,buddhi/ & ,%9to cl]gy _h tak5 _! turns ( (ficiat+ 9 ! same build+s & at ! same alt>s47#d7 ,a grant ( "s #fj1jjj a ye> 0 made by ! ,gov]nm5t = ! ma9t5ance ( ! ,%9to temples & %r9es1 :i* are said to numb] 9 all ab\t #ih1jjj1 & to be d$icat$ to no less ?an #c1gjj diff]5t ,g5ii1 or ,kami4 ,already1 h[ev]1 ,%9toism has lo/ ! great] "p ( ! importance into :i* x 0 br\ght at ! "t ( ! ,revolution2 &1 ap>t f ! fact t x is support$ out ( ! imp]ial rev5ues1 & t ! pres5ce ( its pr9cipal (ficials is requir$ at c]ta9 ( ! /ate functions1 its g5]al position has 9 no way improv$4 ,! p /ill practise ! obs]vances ( bo? religions alike2 ! only diff]5ce be+ t1 to effect ?is1 !y h n[ to visit two temples in/ead ( "o4 ,a new-born *ild1 = in/ance1 is tak5 by its p>5ts to bo? ,%9to & ,buddhi/ temples1 = ! purpose ( solemn d$ication4 ,ano!r ( ! *anges br\ght ab\t is t1 in/ead ( all fun]als be+ conduct$ by ,buddhi/ prie/s1 z 0 ! case until #ahfh1 ! dead are n[ buri$ by ei!r ,%9to or ,buddhi/ cl]gy1 z ! relatives may pref]4 ,( ! _m signs :i* indicate t ,%9toism has well nigh run its c\rse1 n ! lea/ rem>kable 0 ! ann\ncem5t made la/ ye> 7#ahib7 by ! ,gov]nm5t itself1 to ! effect t its rites 7 to be reg>d$ z simply traditional & commemorative1 & devoid ( any real religi\s significance4 ,! relief ?us af=d$ to ! m9ds & consci5ces ( ,*ri/ians 9 ,japan 01 z might be suppos$1 v great4 ,( ! v>i\s sects ! ,zhikko1--f\nd$ #aeda ,a4,d41--is1 p]haps1 ! mo/ influ5tial4 ,?is sect--z inde$ d ,%9toi/s g5]ally--recognizes "o et]nal absolute ,deity1 a be+ ( inf9ite b5evol5ce2 & "h--z 9 o!r hea!n religions--we f9d vague ref]5ces to a ,tr9ity engag$ 9 ! "w ( ,creation4 ,illu/ration4 ,gr\p ( ,%9to ,prie/s ,) ,torii4 ,despite ! dissociation ( ! two religions1 _m ( ! ,%9to temples /ill reta9 traces ( ! ,buddhi/ influ5ce4 ,( ,%9toism prop] ! prevail+ *>act]i/ic is a m>k$ simplicity1 :i*1 h[ev]1 is (t5 f\nd comb9$ ) great arti/ic beauty4 ,sometimes ! %r9e consi/s only ( a rude alt>1 situat$ amid a grove ( trees2 b1 ev5 9 ! case ( l>ge temples ) a complete gr\p ( build+s1 ! ar*itecture is extremely pla91 ! mat]ial employ$ be+ unornam5t$ :ite wood ) a ?at* ( *amaecyp>is4 ,! entrance to ! temple gr\nds is always ?r\gh gateways1 call$ ,torii2 ^! are made sometimes ( /one1 b m prop]ly ( wood1 & consi/ ( two unpa9t$ tree-trunks1 ) ano!r on ! top & a horizontal beam b5ea?4 ,ne> ! entrance are commonly f\nd /one figures ( dogs or lions1 :i* are suppos$ to act z gu>dians4 ,! pr9cipal %r9e1 or ,hon%a1 is situat$ at ! fur!r end ( ! sacr$ enclosure1 & is divid$ by a rail+ into an ante-room & an inn] sanctu>y4 ,)9 ! sanctu>y an alt> is erect$1 on :i*1 h[ev]1 no images or adornm5ts are se51 b simply (f]+s ( rice1 fruit1 w9e1 c4 ,above ! alt>1 9 a conspicu\s position1 a l>ge mirror is g5]ally plac$2 & 9 a box b5ea? are usually kept a sword1 & a /one4 ,^! ?ree1--! mirror1 ! sword1 & ! /one1--con/itute ! ,japanese regalia1 & !y are all connect$ ) ! e>ly leg5ds4 ,"o ( ! traditions respect+ ! sacr$ mirror des]ves quotation4 8,:5 ! "t 0 come t ,izanagi & 8 consort %\ld return toge!r to ! cele/ial regions1 he call$ 8 *ildr5 toge!r1 bidd+ !m dry _! te>s1 & li/5 att5tively to 8 la/ wi%es4 ,he !n committ$ to !m a disc ( poli%$ silv]1 bidd+ !m ea* morn+ place !mselves on _! knees be=e x1 & !re see reflect$ on _! c\nt5ances ! impress ( any evil passions delib]ately indulg$2 & aga9 ea* night c>efully to exam9e !mselves1 t _! la/ ?\ghts might be aft] ! happ9ess ( t high] _w :i!r _! p>5ts _h prec$$ !m40 ,! leg5d goes on to relate ) :at fai?fulness 8! *ildr5 ( ,izanagi1 & aft]w>ds _! desc5dants1 c>ri$ out ^! injunctions2 erect+ an alt> ( wood to receive ! sacr$ mirror1 & plac+ ^u x vases & fl[]s1--& h[1 z a rew>d = _! ob$i5ce & devotion1 !y became 9 _! turn1 ! spirits ( good1 ! undy+ ,kami407#e7 ,ano!r ( ! mo/ common ( ! ,%9to emblems is a slim w& ( unpa9t$ wood1 call$ ,gohei1 to :i* /rips ( :ite pap]--orig9ally !y 7 ( clo?--are atta*$4 ,^! are ?\ght to attract ! deities1 & are held 9 great v5]ation4 ,leav+ ! pr9cipal %r9e1 & proce$+ to make ! t\r ( ! gr\nds1 ! visitor comes1 9 turn1 to ! build+s :]e ! bus9ess arrangem5ts ( ! temple are transact$1 & :]e ! prie/s1 9 "s cases1 reside2 to small] %r9es & oratories2 to ci/]ns = ! purpose ( c]emonial ablution1 c4 ,sometimes1 also1 at ! m important temples is f\nd a long cov]$ plat=m1 call$ ! ,kagura-d1 :]e1 on fe/ivals & special occasions1 a numb] ( girls--^? ,i saw at ,n>a 7 /ill q *ildr5--p]=m ! ,kagura1 or sacr$ dance4 ,! danc+ is 9 hon\r ( ! div9ity to :om ! temple is d$icat$2 & commemorates a suppos$ incid5t ( ! my?ological p]iod4 ,9 ! gr\nds ( ,%9to & ,buddhi/ temples alike are frequ5tly f\nd num]\s /one-lant]ns1 erect$ by way ( votive (f]+s1 & light$ on any great occasions4 ,x has already be5 rem>k$ t ,%9toism has no?+ correspond+ to our public wor%ip2 b e morn+ & ev5+ ! prie/s--^: (fice seems held 9 no p>ticul> sanctity1 & :o are at lib]ty1 at any "t1 to adopt a m secul> call+--p]=m a s]vice be=e ! alt>1 ve/$ 9 :ite dresses1 some:at resembl+ albs & conf9$ at ! wai/ by a girdle4 ,! s]vice consi/s ( ! pres5tation ( (f]+s & ( ! recital ( v>i\s invocations1 *iefly laudatory4 ,! devotions ( ! p are rem>kable = _! brevity & simplicity4 ,! wor%ipp]1 on arriv+ at ! %r9e1 r+s a bell1 or s\nds a gong1 to engage ! att5tion ( ! deity he desires to invoke2 ?r[s a co9 ( ! smalle/ possible value on to ! matt+ )9 ! sanctu>y rails2 makes "o or two pro/rations2 & !n1 clapp+ 8 h&s1 to intimate to 8 patron t 8 bus9ess ) him is ov]1 retires--x n be+ consid]$ necess>y to give to ! petition any v]bal expression4 ,! mak+ ( pilgrimages1 h[ev]1 /ill occupies a prom95t place 9 ! ,%9to sy/em1 & ?\gh ( late ye>s ! numb] ( pilgrims has consid]ably decreas$1 long j\rneys are /ill und]tak5 to ! great temple ( ! sun-goddess at ,ise--! 8,mecca ( ,japan10--& o!r celebrat$ %r9es4 ,! *ief object ( ! pilgrimage is ! pur*ase ( ,o-h>ai1 or sacr$ *>ms1 :i* c only be obta9$ on ! spot4 ,^!1 :5 br\ght home1 are plac$ on ! ,kamidana1 or god-%elf--a m9iature temple ( wood1 f\nd 9 e ,%9to h\se1 to :i* are atta*$ ! names ( v>i\s patron deities1 & ! monum5tal tablets ( ! family4 ,8 pur*ase ( ! ,o-h>ai complet$1 ! pilgrim betakes himself to ! enjoym5t ( ! v>i\s %[s & o!r amusem5ts provid$ = him 9 ! neighb\rhood ( ! temple4 ,to conclude ?is brief sket* ( ,%9toism4 ,su* influ5ce z ! cult /ill possesses may be attribut$ to ! sup]/ition ( ! poor & illit]ate2 & to a reluctance1 on ! "p ( ! m educat$1 to break ) s v5]able a pa/4 ,! latt]1 h[ev]1 ?\gh !y cont9ue to con=m to !m1 d n reg>d its obs]vances s]i\sly2 :ile ! importance atta*$ to !m by ! ,/ate is1 z we h se51 :olly political4 ,9 ! words ( ,diayoro ,goh1 spok5 9 ! c\rse ( a lecture deliv]$ 9 ,london two or ?ree ye>s s9ce3 8,%9toism1 be+ s re/rict$ 9 its sph]e1 (f]s little ob/acle to ! introduction ( ano!r religion10--provid$1 z he add$1 t ! v5]ation ( ! ,mikado1 :i* has always =m$ ! fundam5tal feature ( ,japanese gov]nm5t1 is n int]f]$ )4 ,! tru? ( ?is /atem5t has already be5 abundantly exemplifi$ 9 ! position :i* ,buddhism = s _m c5turies held 9 ! religi\s life ( ,japan4 ,9 ! same way1 :51 ?ree hundr$ ye>s ago1 ,*ri/ianity 0 introduc$ into ! c\ntry by ! ,portuguese1 x 0 l>gely ow+ to ! attitude :i* "s ( ! mission>ies adopt$ t[>ds ^! national rites1 t ! complications arose1 :i* ev5tually l$ to ! expulsion ( =eign]s1 & ! p]secution ( ,*ri/ians4 ,& surely1 :5 we ?9k ( x1 x is n /range t an int5se jeal\sy %\ld be exhibit$ on behalf ( obs]vances & c]emonies1 traceable back to su* remote antiquity1 & s intimately b\nd up ) ! :ole political & social life ( ! nation4 ,x is1 inde$1 highly probable t1 9 ! great *anges ,japan is und]go+1 %e w f9d o!r me?ods ( *]i%+ ! cont9uity ( h]1 9 _m ways1 illu/ri\s pa/4 ,b mean:ile1 ,*ri/ians 9 ,japan may rejoice t !y are p]mitt$1 ) a quiet consci5ce1 to manife/ a respectful reg>d = a sy/em t is by no means de/itute ( praisewor?y features4 ,,ii4 ,,buddhism4 ,x is q possible t to "s ( ! read]s ( ^! pages ! v "n ( ,%9toism 0 unkn[n2 :]eas all w h he>d & read at lea/ some?+ ( ,buddhism1 "o ( ! f\r mo/ preval5t religions ( ! _w1 & claim+ at ! pres5t day consid]ably m ?an f\r hundr$ millions ( adh]5ts47#f7 ,at ! same "t1 our inquiry into ,buddhism _c be compris$ )9 su* n>r[ limits z suffic$ = our exam9ation ( ! indig5\s religion ( ,japan2 ! subject be+ "o ( ! va/e/ dim5sions4 ,p]haps1 !n1 x may be bett] if1 at ! outset1 ,i allude to "s ( ! lit]ature1 publi%$ )9 ! la/ few ye>s1 :i* has be5 mo/ in/rum5tal 9 attract+ att5tion1 bo? 9 ,engl& & ,am]ica1 to ! subject4 ,nor1 9 ?is connexion1 c all ref]5ce be omitt$ to ! writ+s ( ! late ,madame ,blavatsky1 ,mr4 ,s9nett1 & _! s*ool2 ?\gh ,i ref] to !m only 9 ord] to caution my read]s aga9/ =m+ f !m any e/imate ( ,buddhism4 ,! only lit]ature1 z f> z ,i "k1 t has appe>$ 9 ,engl& f :at claims to be an en?usia/ic ,buddhi/ /&-po9t1 ^! writ+s are1 ,i believe1 calculat$ to convey a curi\sly errone\s idea ( ! great sy/em ) :i* we are n[ conc]n$1 to any :o w\ld turn = in=mation to !m exclusively4 ,?is1 inde$1 becomes obvi\s :5 x is und]/ood t ! ,buddhism1 ( :i* ^! books pr(ess to treat1 is n ! ,buddhism ( hi/ory & ! sacr$ books1 n ! ,buddhism :i* =ms ! popul> religion ( hundr$s ( millions ( ,asiatics at ! pres5t day1 b an 8esot]ic0 ,buddhism1 a k ( :i*1 x is admitt$1 is conf9$ to a comp>ative few1 ev5 9 ! c\ntry :]e x is said to be mo/ preval5t47#g7 ,9 %ort1 ! 8esot]ic ,buddhism0 ( ,mr4 ,s9nett & 8 fri5ds w\ld seem to be sc>cely1 if at all1 di/+ui%able f ! movem5t :i* has rec5tly acquir$ a brief notoriety 9 ,engl& "u ! "n ( ,!osophy2 & ) ?is1 ,buddhism prop]--i4e4 ! hi/orical1 popul> ,buddhism ) :i* we h to d--c h>dly be said to h any?+ 9 common4 ,) ! book1 h[ev]1 :i* probably m ?an any o!r "w ( ! day has be5 ! means ( draw+ ! att5tion ( ,engli%-speak+ p to ,buddhism1 we _c deal 9 s summ>y a fa%ion4 ,= 9 ,sir ,edw9 ,arnold's poem1 ,! ,light ( ,asia1 we h a "w :i* is simply a r5d]+ ( ! life ( ,buddha1 9 g5]al accordance ) ! receiv$ traditions1 & "o1 moreov]1 :i* has met ) a cordial welcome at ! h&s ( ,buddhi/s4 ,nor c x be que/ion$ t ! book is a production ( great p[]1 or t x appeals altoge!r to a v diff]5t class ( read]s f t likely to be influ5c$ by ! ,occult ,_w1 or ,isis ,unveil$4 ,x is inde$1 ! great beauty ( its poetry1 & ! book's consequ5t popul>ity1 t only make ! m necess>y a ref]5ce :i* mu/ to "s ext5t take ! =m ( a prote/4 ,to put x briefly1 ! case is ?is3--,m5 & wom5 h ris5 f a p]usal ( ! ,light ( ,asia ) a s5se ( damage done to _! ,*ri/ian fai?1 & ) a feel+--confus$1 p]haps1 b n ! less real--t 9 ,gautama ,buddha !y h be5 confront$ ) a =midable rival to ,jesus ,*ri/4 ,h[ f> ! poem is responsible = ?is result we w n attempt to det]m9e2 & t su* 0 no "p ( ! au?or's int5tion we may readily believe4 ,b t ! m9ds ( n a few h be5 p]plex$ & di/urb$ by ! read+ ( ?is book is a c]ta9 fact2 mak+ x nei!r surpris+ nor regrettable t its publication %\ld h be5 foll[$ by works on ! subject1 writt5 f an emphatically ,*ri/ian po9t ( view4 ,to ! fulle/ & able/ ( ^!1--! ,rev4 ,s4 ,h4 ,kellogg's ,! ,light ( ,asia & ! ,light ( ! ,_w3 a ,comp>ison ( ! ,leg5d1 ! ,doctr9e & ! ,e?ics ( ! ,buddha1 ) ! ,/ory1 ! ,doctr9e & ! ,e?ics ( ,*ri/ 7,macmillan1 #ahhe71--;,i w\ld ref] ^? desir\s ( inve/igat+ fully ! po9ts at issue2 cont5t+ myself n[ ) a few brief obs]vations4 ,x is1 !n1 important to be> 9 m9d t ,sir ,e4 ,arnold's poem is writt5 9 ! p]son1 & f ! /&-po9t ( an imag9>y ,buddhi/4 ,?is is indicat$ pla9ly on ! title-page1 9 ! preface1 & 9 ! c\rse ( ! poem itself2 & :5 ! book comes to be read by ! light ( ?is explanation1 a limitation is ca/ ab\t mu* ( its m />tl+ language4 ,to take1 = in/ance1 su* expressions z 8,our ,"l10 8,savi\r10 8come to save ! _w10 con/antly assign$ to ,buddha 9 ! c\rse ( ! poem4 ,h[ev] accu/om$ ,*ri/ians may be to associate su* t]ms ) ,"o only1 & h[ev] pa9$ !y may feel at _! be+ ref]r$1 "u any circum/ances & ) any re/rictions1 to ano!r1 /ill x is obvi\s t _! use becomes less op5 to objection1 :5 plac$ 9 ! m\? ( a disciple1 s++ ! praise ( 8 ,ma/]1--& t ,ma/]1 "o :o1 x c h>dly be disput$1 wr\ght no mean "w ( deliv]ance on ! e>?4 ,f> less admitt+ ( satisfactory explanation are passages 9 ! book 9 :i* we f9d transf]r$ to ,buddha & ,buddhism ideas & language di/9ctively ,*ri/ian2 ! solemn say+ ( ,simeon to ! ,holy ,"m1 8,a sword %all pi]ce ?r\gh ?9e own s\l also10 & ! /ill m solemn1 8,x is f9i%$0 ( ! ,cross1 be+ made to supply p>ticul>ly di/ress+ in/ances ( su* treatm5t47#h7 ,or once aga93 b :at ,i w\ld say n[ has already be5 urg$ by ,dr4 ,eitel1 9 words :i* ,i _c d bett] ?an quote4 8,i believe10 he says1 8x w\ld be unju/ to pick out any ( ^? que] & *ildi% say+s ) :i* ! ,buddhi/ ,scriptures & especially popul> ,buddhi/ books ab\nd1 & to lead p to imag9e t ,buddhism is little bett] ?an a /r+ ( nons5se4 ,x is ev5 d\btful :e!r ! e>lie/ ,buddhi/ texts conta9$ su* /atem5ts at all2 =1 unlike our ,bible1 ! ,buddhi/ canon has und]gone :olesale textual alt]ations4444 ,z to ! popul> lit]ature ( ,buddhism1 & its absurdities1 we might z well collect ^? little pamphlets on dreams1 on sorc]y1 on lucky & unlucky days1 on ! lives & miracles ( sa9ts1 :i* circulate among ,roman ,ca?olic peasants1--b w\ld t give u a true picture ( ,roman ,ca?olicism8 ,?us x is ) ,buddhism407#i7 ,9 o!r words1 ,dr4 ,eitel w\ld urge t 9 ord] to deal fairly ) su* a subject1 we mu/ try to di/+ui% ! ess5ce ( ! ?+ itself f ! abuses & follies t may1 f "t to "t1 h ga!r$ r\nd x2 & ?is1 x is to be fe>$1 has n always be5 done by ,engli% writ]s1 9 treat+ ( ,buddhism4 ,= ! sake ( cle>ness1 we may next proce$ to trace a brief outl9e ( ! life ( ,buddha1 accord+ to ! belief ( ,buddhi/s g5]ally1 & /ripp$ ( su* leg5ds & sup]/itions z f9d no cr$5ce ) ! m educat$ & intellectual4 ,x is true t a d\bt has sometimes be5 express$ z to ! exi/5ce ( ,gautama ,buddha at all2 :ile ev5 s em95t an au?ority z ,mr4 ,sp5ce ,h>dy decl>es 8 conviction t1 ow+ to ! lack ( really au!ntic in=mation1 8x is impossible to rely implicitly on any s+le /atem5t made 9 relation to him407#aj7 ,b ev5 suppos+ ! ,buddha ( ! commonly-receiv$ traditions to be1 :e!r 9 "p or 9 entirety1 a m]e creation ( ,indian ?\ght1 ! case und]goes no vital alt]ation2 see+ t x is ) ! religion ( ,buddhism t we are ma9ly conc]n$1 & only 9 q a subord9ate degree ) ! p]son ( its suppos$ f\nd]4 ,! po9t is "o t des]ves c>eful att5tion1 sugge/+ z x does at once ! ess5tial diff]5ce betwe5 ,buddhism & ,*ri/ianity1 & ! immeasurable di/ance :i* divides ! two4 ,= ( ,*ri/ianity x is no exagg]ation to say t ^u ! tru? ( ! receiv$ acc\nts ( its ,f\nd]'s ,life & ,p]son its :ole position absolutely dep5ds2 :]eas1 c\ld x be prov$ t ,gautama nev] ev5 liv$1 ! sy/em associat$ ) 8 "n w\ld suff] no mat]ial loss1--& ?is1 because 9 ,buddha we are invit$ to contemplate only a tea*] & a guide1 "o :o w\ld h m5 seek purification & deliv]ance by ! same means z he himself ne$$ to employ1 & "o :o nev] claim$ to be m ?an human4 ,mo/ p]sons1 h[ev]1 w pref] to accept z1 9 ! ma91 hi/orically correct ! commonly accept$ outl9e ( ! life ( ,buddha :i* may ?us be giv5-- ,! reput$ f\nd] ( ,buddhism 0 "o ,siddh>?a1 kn[n 9 lat] life z ,gautama1 & lat] /ill1 by ! title ( ,buddha1 or ! 8,enlight5$ ,"o40 ,siddh>?a 0 a pr9ce ( ! ,sakya tribe1 ^: t]ritories 7 situat$ "s hundr$ miles nor?-ea/ ( ! city ( ,b5>es4 ,h5ce he is (t5 spok5 ( "u ! "n ( ,sakya-muni1 or ! 8,sakya sage40 ,z reg>ds 8 date1 widely diff]5t op9ions are held2 sometimes x is plac$ z e>ly z ! t5?1 & sometimes z late z ! ?ird c5tury ,b4,c4 ,! mo/ compet5t au?orities1 h[ev]1 agree 9 foll[+ ! ,buddhi/s ( ,ceylon1 & take #edc ,b4,c4 z ! date ( 8 dea?47#aa7 ,8 fa!r's "n 0 ,suddhodana2 8 "m 0 call$ ,maia4 ,( ! e>li] ye>s ( ,siddh>?a's life we h little in=mation t is at all to be reli$ on2 b 8 e>ly manhood appe>s to h be5 sp5t amid ! luxury & self-indulg5ce cu/om>y ) ,ori5tal pr9ces4 ,gautama1 h[ev]1 0 a man ( great b5evol5ce1 & we are told t1 :ile /ill q "y1 he pond]$ deeply on ! my/]y ( ! pa9 & suff]+ :i* held ! human race 9 bondage4 ,pres5tly1 becom+ dissatisfi$ ) 8 own life ( ease & pleasure1 he made ! 8,great ,r5unciation20 turn+ 8 back1 at ! age ( ?irty1 on wife & p>5ts1 home & weal?4 ,aft] sp5d+ "s ye>s 9 travel1 he retir$ to ! =e/1 :]e he atta*$ himself to a little b& ( ascetics1 & practis$ sev]e =ms ( discipl9e & self-mortification2 hop+ ?us to discov] ! secret ( release f suff]+4 ,b meet+ ) no success1 & /ill fa/ b\nd by ! trammels ( ignorance1 he betook himself to contemplation2 until "o day1 z he 0 seat$ b5ea? ! ,bo-tree1--h5ce=? to be acc\nt$ sacr$7#ab7--! /ruggles ( 8 s\l prevail$1 & he pass$ out ( d>kness into light4 ,he 0 n[ ,buddha1 ,he :o ,knew1 ! ,enlight5$4 ,! f\r tru?s to ! k ( :i* ,gautama ?us atta9$1 & :i* =m ! v f\ndation ( ! ,buddhi/ doctr9e1 are ^!--7i7 ,t man is born to suff]+1 bo? m5tal & physical3 he exp]i5ces x himself1 he inflicts x ^u o!rs2 7ii7 t ?is suff]+ is occasion$ by desire2 7iii7 t ! condition ( suff]+ 9 :i* man f9ds himself admits ( amelioration & relief2 7iv7 ! way ( release1 & ! atta9m5t to ,nirvana4 ,"h we mu/ pause to make ! inquiry1 ,:at is meant by ,nirvana1--! goal ( ! ,buddhi/'s hope & aim8 ,lit]ally1 ! ^w means 8ext9ction02 & h5ce x has (t5 come to be reg>d$ z a m]e synonym = annihilation4 ,! v>iety ( op9ions held by ,european s*ol>s z to its mean+ is1 !re is little d\bt1 due to ! fact t ,buddhi/s !mselves are by no means agre$ z to its precise significance4 ,is ,nirvana a /ate ( consci\sness or unconsci\sness8 ,is ! p]sonality p]petuat$1 or is ! ego absorb$1--i4e4 into ,buddha8 ,su* que/ions are diff]5tly answ]$ by ! diff]5t s*ools4 ,conc]n+ ! nature ( ,nirvana1 ,buddha himself1 9 8 agno/icism1 w\ld seem to h be5 almo/ :olly sil5t4 ,he appe>s to h simply taught t by ! suppression & 8ext9ction0 ( ! natural passions & desires--ang]1 av>ice1 sorr[1 & ! l7#ac7--;x 0 possible ev5 "h to ent] ^u a /ate ( tranquillity1 re/1 & peace1 :i* %\ld atta9 h]eaft] to m p]fect fulfilm5t4 ,( ! v>i\s mean+s atta*$ to ,nirvana by ! diff]5t ,buddhi/ sects1 "o extreme makes x sc>cely di/+ui%able f complete annihilation1 :ile ! opposite extreme introduces u to ! doctr9e ( ! ,p>adise ( ! ,we/1 ! ,pure ,l& presid$ ov] by ,amitabha ,buddha1 ! abode ( p]fect happ9ess & delight4 ,?is rem>kable developm5t ( ,buddhism w claim our att5tion lat]47#ad7 ,illu/ration4 ,daibatsu ,at ,kamakura4 ,to return4 ,aft] 8 enlight5m5t1 x is said t ,gautama 0 seiz$ by ! temptation to ent] at once into ,nirvana1 )\t proclaim+ 8 doctr9e to ! _w4 ,b putt+ ! temptation f him1 he began 8 m9i/ry by ann\nc+ ! tid+s ( release to ! companions ( 8 ascetic life1 :o1 aft] sc(f+ = a:ile1 7 at l5g? conv9c$4 ,9 ! c\rse ( ?is1 8 fir/ s]mon1 ,buddha proce$$ to enunciate ! eight /eps on ! pa? :i* leads to ,nirvana--7i7 ,"r fai?1 7ii7 "r resolution1 7iii7 "r spee*1 7iv7 "r action1 7v7 "r liv+1 7vi7 "r ef=t1 7vii7 "r ?\ght1 7viii7 "r self-conc5tration4 ,z "t w5t on1 ,gautama began to ga!r r\nd him a numb] ( disciples1 :o became 8 con/ant companions4 ,"p ( ea* ye> he sp5t 9 re/ & retirem5t2 tea*+ & tra9+ 8 disciples1 & receiv+ su* z1 attract$ by 8 gr[+ reputation1 s\ght him out4 ,! rema9+ mon?s he occupi$ 9 travell+ f place to place1 proclaim+ ! good news ( deliv]ance 9 ! t[ns & villages ?r\gh :i* he pass$4 ,soon we f9d him e/abli%+ a ,society or ,bro!rhood2 ! memb]s ( :i* sev]$ _! connexion ) all worldly ?+s1 h&$ ov] _! prop]ty to ! ,ord]1 adopt$ ! tonsure & a di/9ctive dress1 &1 foll[+ ! ,ma/]'s doctr9e ) /rictness !mselves1 devot$ _! lives to its propagation4 ,any memb]1 h[ev]1 0 at lib]ty to leave ! ,bro!rhood1 %\ld he wi% to d s4 ,x is noticeable t ,buddha's e>lie/ foll[]s 7 *iefly drawn--n1 z 9 ! case ( a ,great] ?an he1 f ! ranks ( ! poor & simple--b f ! upp] classes4 ,inde$1 ,gautama seems to h reg>d$ ! weak & ignorant z incapable ( receiv+ 8 tea*+4 ,*ildr5 are h>dly m5tion$ 9 ! e>ly ,buddhi/ writ+s2 & ) reg>d to wom51 x 0 only ) great reluctance t ,sakya-muni ev5tually cons5t$ to ! =mation ( a ,si/]hood1 ! memb]s ( :i* 71 z f> z possible1 to obs]ve ! same rules z ! m5--toge!r ) sev]al additional ones1 *iefly conc]n$ ) _! subjection to ! ,bre?r54 ,9 ! same way1 x is /ill ! tea*+ ( ,buddhism t x %\ld be a woman's highe/ aspiration to be reborn z a man1 9 a future /ate ( exi/5ce4 ,:51 h[ev]1 ! two ,ord]s--= m5 & = wom5--_h be5 =m$1 !re /ill rema9$ a l>ge numb] ( ei!r sex1 :o1 )\t leav+ _! places 9 ! _w1 7 desir\s ( be+ reckon$ among ,buddha's foll[]s4 ,^! 7 admitt$ z lay-adh]5ts1 "o ( _! *ief obligations be+ to contribute to ! ma9t5ance ( ! ,bre?r54 ,hav+ ex]cis$ 8 public m9i/ry = =ty ye>s--)\t1 z w\ld appe>1 enc\nt]+ any great opposition--& hav+ committ$ 8 "w to ! ,bro!rhood1 to c>ry on aft] 8 decease1 ,buddha di$1 ag$ ab\t eighty1 & 0 buri$ ) great pomp4 ,x is record$ t1 z ! "t ( 8 dep>ture drew nigh1 he repli$ to 8 disciples' expressions ( appreh5sion & sorr[1 by say+ t :5 he %\ld no long] be ) !m 9 p]son1 he w\ld /ill be pres5t ) !m 9 8 say+s1 9 8 doctr9e4 ,ano!r po9t on :i* he laid great /ress be=e 8 dea? 0 t ! ,bro!rhood %\ld regul>ly assemble 9 convocation4 ,h5ce x came ab\t t f v e>ly times1 ! decl>ation1 8,i seek refuge 9 ,buddha1 ,dh>ma 7! ,law71 ,samgha 7! ,bro!rhood710 0 adopt$ z ! =mula :i* any "o1 desir\s ( becom+ a ,buddhi/1 0 requir$ to pr(ess4 ,& x is ! ,tr9ity ?us =m$1 :i*1 repres5t$ to-day by ! ?ree great images above ! alt> ( _m a ,buddhi/ temple1 has its multitude ( ignorant wor%ipp]s1 :o d\bt n t ?ree sev]al div9ities are ! objects ( _! adoration & _! pray]4 ,su*1 !n1 z w\ld appe>1 0 ! orig9 ( ,buddhism4 ,/rictly speak+1 & ap>t f its lat] developm5ts1 ,buddhism is a religion :i* kn[s no ,god1 :i* atta*es no value to pray]1 :i* has no place = a prie/hood4 ,n[h]e1 p]haps1 is its agno/icism m conspicu\s ?an 9 ! five ma9 prohibitions1 :i* are address$ alike to cl]gy & laity4 ,! fir/ ( ^! =bids ! tak+ ( life1--human life *iefly1 b o!r life z well2 ! second is aga9/ !ft1 :e!r by =ce or fraud2 ! ?ird is aga9/ falsehood2 ! f\r? =bids impurity1 9 act1 ^w1 or ?\ght2 ! fif? requires ab/95ce f all intoxicants4 ,! :ole idea ( ,,god1 x w be notic$1 is entirely abs5t f ! ,buddhi/ ,comm&m5ts4 ,inf9itely remov$ above t o!r agno/icism1 :i* cries1 8,let u eat & dr9k1 = to-morr[ we die10 ,buddhism />ts ) ! idea ( ! entire abnegation ( self4 ,b a self-d5ial t is und]tak51 n = ,god1 & 9 ,god = man1 b m]ely to secure "o's own peace & well-be+--:at is ?is b selfi%ness aft] all8 ,enjo9+ a rule ( life t is ess5tially negative--! natural product ( t blank despair ( ! _w & ( human nature :i* l$ to ! ,great ,r5unciation--,buddhism1 z a religi\s sy/em1 has yield$ b scanty fruits ( positive hol9ess1 ( active b5evol5ce4 ,& yet1--:olly inadequate z su* a sy/em z ?is1 ev5 at its pure/ & be/1 mu/ be to meet ! ne$s ( humanity1--false & ev5 debas$ z are sometimes its tea*+s1--! "o great message t ,buddhism proclaims is a message ( und5iable1 if mo/ imp]fect1 tru?3 ! tru? t w\ld h man cultivate self-reliance1 & atta9 to self-deliv]ance by means ( self-control4 8,"w out y\r own salvation0 is ! injunction ( ,*ri/ianity4 8,by "o's self10 taught ,sakya-muni1 8! evil is "o2 by "o's self mu/ come rem$y & release40 ,s f> ! two sy/ems are at "o2 ! diff]5ce betwe5 !m lies 9 ! fact t ! "o places 9 our h&s ^? sup]natural weapons :i* alone make real victory possible1 & t ^! ! o!r kn[s n h[ to supply4 ,hi!rto1 we h made no ref]5ce to ! relation ( ,buddhism to ,brahmanism4 ,& yet we c no m hope to und]/& ! "w ( ,sakya-muni1 )\t obs]v+ its connexion ) ,brahmanism1 ?an we c\ld af=d to omit all m5tion ( ! ,jewi% ,law & ( ,jewi% ,ph>isaism1 9 speak+ ( ! lib]ation wr\ght by our ,"l ,jesus ,*ri/4 ,! "w & doctr9e ( ,gautama ,buddha1--) _! mean betwe5 an ascetic sev]ity1 on ! "o h&1 & a lic5ti\s self-indulg5ce on ! o!r--_! disreg>d ( ca/e di/9ctions--_! rejection ( burd5some & pr(itless traditions--may be said to be> to ! heavy yoke ( ,brahmanism a relation n dissimil> to t :i* fre$om has to bondage4 ,lay+ hold ( t :i* 0 ready to 8 h&1 if s be he might m\ld & purify x1 ,buddha 0 a lib]ator & re=m] 9 respect to :at _h gone be=e4 ,let u take1 = example1 ! doctr9e ( metempsy*osis1 or1 z x is commonly call$1 ! 8transmigration ( s\ls40 ,no d\bt1 !re is a great deal connect$ ) ?is doctr9e 9 ! ,buddhi/ books t _c b appe> to u pu]ile & %ock+2 b /ill1 we d n well1 we d n ju/ly1 if1 z d s _m1 we fa/5 su* /range fancies on ,buddha1 or on ,buddhism1 z ?\gh x 7 f ^! t !y sprang4 ,s f> f ,sakya-muni be+ ! orig9ator ( ! !ory ( transmigration1 a belief 9 x _h1 = c5turies previ\sly1 be5 almo/ univ]sal ?r\gh\t ! ,ea/2 & 8 doctr9e ( ,nirvana suppli$ an antidote to ! belief 9 a practically int]m9able s]ies ( metempsy*oses curr5t at ! "t4 ,) ! !ory ( transmigration accept$ on all sides1 ,buddha seems to h made use ( x to ! ext5t t he did1 z af=d+ a conv5i5t solution ( ! difficulty pres5t$ by ! unequal di/ribution ( happ9ess 9 ?is life1 & ! abs5ce ( any satisfactory ex]cise ( ju/ice 9 ! way ( rew>d or puni%m5t4 ,t ! doctr9e ( metempsy*osis %\ld h be5 appli$ by ,buddhi/s to _! great ,ma/] himself1 is only :at we %\ld expect to f9d4 ,gautama is accr$it$ by ,buddhi/s ) "s five hundr$ previ\s exi/5ces1 9 ! c\rse ( :i* he pass$ ?r\gh num]\s /ages ( vegetable1 animal & human life1 until at l5g? he atta9$ to ! highe/ degree ( manhood4 ,?r\gh\t ! *ang+ circum/ances ( 8 be+1 he is said to h exhibit$ a transc5d5t & ev]-increas+ unselfi%ness & *>ity1 :i* culm9at$ 9 8 freely giv+ himself to be re-born z ,buddha = ! _w's deliv]ance4 ,& x is ?is belief1 probably1 :i* has be5 ! mo/ pot5t factor 9 exalt+ ! ,philosoph] & ! ,guide to a height1 :i* is sc>cely1 if at all1 di/+ui%able f ! ,?rone ( ,god4 ,i may conclude ?is *apt] by quot+ a passage f ! late ,dean ,/anley's ,hi/ory ( ! ,jewi% ,*ur*1 :]e he is ref]r+ to ,gautama ,buddha3 8,x is difficult = ^? :o believe ! p]man5t elem5ts ( ! ,jewi% & ,*ri/ian religion to be univ]sal & ,div9e n to hail ^! correspond+ =ms ( tru? & goodness else:]e1 or to recognize t ! m]e appe>ance ( su* sa9t-l & god-l *>act]s 9 o!r p>ts ( ! e>?1 if n directly prep>+ ! way = a great] manife/ation1 illu/rates t manife/ation by %[+ h[ mighty has be5 ! witness borne to x ev5 "u circum/ances ( su* disc\ragem5t1 & ev5 ) effects inadequate to _! gr&eur407#ae7 ,,iii4 ,,buddhism ,,9 ,,japan4 ,9 ! la/ ,*apt] we sket*$ 9 outl9e ! life & tea*+ ( ,gautama ,buddha2 omitt+ ! _m fanciful leg5ds t h ga!r$ r\nd 8 "n1 & conf9+ ourselves to :at w\ld be accept$ by ,buddhi/s g5]ally4 ,( ! long p]iod t divides ! dea? ( ,sakya-muni f ! introduction ( ,buddhism into ,japan ab\t #eej ,a4,d41 x is no "p ( our purpose to treat 9 detail4 ,b en\gh mu/ be said to connect 9 "s intelligible way ^! two ev5ts4 ,aft] ! dea? ( ,gautama1 8 disciples are said to h ga!r$ toge!r1 & recit$ all t !y rememb]$ ( 8 tea*+1 arrang+ x 9 ?ree divisions4 ,?is 0 ! orig9 ( ! sacr$ books kn[n z ! ,tripitaca1 i4e4 ! 8?ree baskets10 ! 8?ree receptacles40 ,! fir/ ( ^!--consi/+ ( say+s1 aphorisms1 p>ables1 c41 attribut$ to ,buddha1 toge!r ) 8 fir/ s]mon address$ to ! ascetics1 7! 8,:eel ( ! ,law107--is kn[n z ! ,sutra or 8,canon20 ! second is call$ ! ,v9aya or 8,book ( ,discipl9e20 & ! ?ird1 ! ,abhidh>ma1 i4e4 ! 8,book ( ,metaphysics10 ! 8,fur!r ,doctr9e40 ,( ! ?ree books1 ! ,sutra1 be+ ma9ly e?ical1 w\ld h a m g5]al application ?an ! o!r two2 :ile ! ,v9aya w\ld be *iefly applicable to ! ,bro!rhood1 & ! ,abhidh>ma conc]n$ ) ab/ruse philosophical diss]tations4 ,! ,tripitaca1 ( :i* ! ,buddhi/s ( ,ceylon are ! cu/odians1 are writt5 9 ,pali1 an e>ly modification ( ,sanskrit1 & ! sacr$ language ( ,buddhism2 & !y are1 und\bt$ly1 ! olde/ & pure/ ( ! num]\s ,buddhi/ scriptures4 ,! ,sutra1 9 p>ticul>1 is believ$ to be a fai?ful record ( ! actual tea*+ ( ,gautama4 ,at ! same "t1 x mu/ be rememb]$ t = "s c5turies aft] ,sakya-muni's dea?1 !re is no pro( ( ! exi/5ce ( any writt5 ,canon2 ! probability be+ t 8 tea*+ 01 = ! mo/ "p1 transmitt$ orally f g5]ation to g5]ation1 & t x und]w5t 9 ! process consid]able alt]ation & addition4 ,) reg>d to ! hi/ory ( ,buddhism1 f ! "t ( its f\nd]'s dea? until ! middle ( ! ?ird c5tury ,b4,c41 we are practically )\t in=mation4 ,x appe>s1 h[ev]1 t p>ties & s*ools 7 already beg9n+ to be =m$4 ,b ab\t #bfj ,b4,c41 ,india1 f be+ divid$ into a numb] ( petty k+doms1 became almo/ :olly unit$ "u ! rule ( "o ,asoka4 ,asoka's gr&fa!r--! f\nd] ( ! empire t 0 soon to assume su* va/ proportions--_h rev5g$ himself = ! contempt 9 :i*1 = 8 l[ bir?1 he 0 held by ! ,brahmans1 by patroniz+ ,buddhism2 & ,asoka1 9 turn1 be/[$ ^u x all possible support4 ,he made ,buddhism ! /ate religion1 f\nd$ an imm5se numb] ( mona/]ies1 & s5t =? mission>ies 9 all directions4 ,*9a 0 "o ( ! c\ntries visit$2 :ile a mission to ,ceylon1 9 :i* ,mah5dra1 ,asoka's own son1 took a prom95t "p1 result$ 9 ! conv]sion ( ! :ole isl&4 ,%ortly1 h[ev]1 aft] ,asoka's dea?1 8 empire collaps$1 & ,buddhism nev] aft]w>ds ex]t$ ! same influ5ce 9 ,india2 ?\gh x rema9$ widely preval5t until ! eigh? c5tury ,a4,d41 & x 0 n until f\r c5turies lat] t x became practically ext9ct4 ,! ,brahmans n[ rega9$ _! =m] asc5d5cy2 decl>$ ,gautama to be an 8avat>0--or inc>nation--( _! god ,vi%nu2 proce$$ to incorporate into _! own cre$ "s ( ! mo/ popul> features ( ! ,buddhi/ sy/em2 & !n ent]$ ^u a de/ruction ( ! mona/]ies1 & a sev]e p]secution ( all ,buddhi/s liv+ 9 ,india4 ,b1 z 9 ! hi/ory ( ! ,*ri/ian ,*ur*1 p]secution only result$ 9 ! ,gospel be+ af=d$ a wid] area1 s 0 x n[ ) ,buddhism4 8,!y t 7 scatt]$ abroad w5t ev]y:]e1 prea*+ ! ^w40 ,among o!r c\ntries to :i* ! doctr9e ( ,sakya-muni p5etrat$ 0 ,ca%m]e1 ^: k+1 ,kani%ka1 a contempor>y ( ,*ri/1 ext5d$ to x 8 en?usia/ic support4 ,at ?is po9t 0 rea*$ an important crisis 9 ! hi/ory ( ,buddhism4 ,already controv]sies ab\t discipl9e & v>i\s m9or que/ions _h call$ into exi/5ce sev]al diff]5t s*ools2 b n[ a brea* occurr$1 ( su* magnitude & de/9$ to prove s la/+ 9 its results1 z to (t5 h sugge/$ comp>ison ) ! s*ism betwe5 ,we/]n & ,ea/]n ,*ri/5dom4 ,a c\ncil 0 held "u k+ ,kani%ka1 :i* ! ,ceylon ,buddhi/s refus$ to recognize2 & f t "t ,buddhism has be5 divid$ into two ma9 bran*es1 kn[n z ! ,mahayana & ,h9ayana1--! 8,great] & ,less] ,vehicles40 ,! division ?us br\ght ab\t became1 to a great ext5t1 a geographical "o2 ! ,h9ayana hav+ its home 9 ,ceylon1 &1 some:at less exclusively1 9 ,burmah & ,siam1 :ile ! s*ools ( ! ,mahayana pr$om9ate 9 ,ca%m]e1 ,?ibet1 ,*9a & ,japan4 ,let u glance1 = a mom5t1 at _! respective *>act]i/ics4 ,! ,h9ayana & ! ,mahayana1 !n1 are ! names giv5 to two great sy/ems1 or 8s*ools ( ?\ght10 :i* (f] to 8c>ry0 or 8convey0 _! foll[]s to ! re/ ( ,nirvana4 ,( ! two1 ! ,h9ayana1 or ,less] ,conveyance1 pres5ts a mu* clos] resemblance to e>ly ,buddhism4 ,! di/+ui%+ features ( ! ,h9ayana may be decl>$ to be its adh]5ce to ! /rict morality ( primitive ,buddhism1 its great] simplicity ( wor%ip1 its small] ,canon ( scripture1 & ! fact t x appeals r to ! comp>atively few1 to ^?1 t is to say1 :o are able & will+ to make ! surr5d] x requires4 ,:]eas1 9 ! ,mahayana1 or ,great] ,vehicle1 we see a sy/em *>act]iz$ by t increas$ ease & laxity1 :i* too (t5 accompany a season ( repose & ! cessation ( ! en?usiasm t att5ds ! e/abli%m5t ( a new movem5t4 ,! *ief features ( ! ,mahayana may be pron\nc$ to be its less exact+ /&>d ( practical morality1 its will+ness to desc5d to ! level ( ! multitude1 its subtle metaphysical di/9ctions1 its m$itative inactivity1 its elaborate c]emonial1 & its m ext5sive ,canon ( scripture4 ,we are n[1 at la/1 9 a position to exam9e ! hi/ory ( ,japanese ,buddhism4 ,if an apology seems ne$$ = ! l5g? ( our digression1 ,i c only say t x appe>$ to me necess>y = any pr(itable treatm5t ( our subject4 ,we h already se5 h[1 z e>ly z #bej ,b4,c41 ,*9a 0 visit$ by ,buddhi/ mission>ies f ,india4 ,^! are said to h be5 eighte5 9 numb]2 & _! effigies may be se5 9 _m a ,*9ese temple1 :]e !y are held 9 great v5]ation4 ,9 ! fir/ c5tury ,a4,d41 ,buddhism 9 ,*9a began to receive imp]ial patronage2 "s ( its books be+ ab\t ! same "t translat$ into ! language ( ! c\ntry4 ,! _s ( accommodation & adaptation1 :i* has always =m$ s conspicu\s a feature ( ,buddhism1 manife/$ itself n[ 9 an association ) ,ta\ism :i* has cont9u$ ev] s9ce4 #eeb ,a4,d4 is ! date assign$ to ! introduction ( ,buddhism into ,japan1 by way ( ,korea4 ,at fir/1 x appe>s to h made little progress1 until ! diplomatic action ( "o ( its cl]gy br\ght x into fav\r ) ! ,c\rt4 ,pro/rat+ himself "o day1 be=e ! little son ( ! ,mikado1 ! prie/ decl>$ t he recogniz$ 9 him ! re-inc>nation ( "o ( ! disciples ( ,buddha1 & "o :o 0 de/9$ to effect a great spiritual "w 9 ,japan4 ,! ,mikado 0 prevail$ ^u to confide ! boy's education to ! ,buddhi/ prie/s2 ) ! result t1 :5 he grew up1 he support$ _! cause ) su* zeal z to cause him to be sometimes spok5 ( z ! 8,con/ant9e ( ,japanese ,buddhism40 ,%otoku ,tai%i--= su* 0 8 "n--act$ = "s "t z reg5t1 b nev] himself asc5d$ ! ?rone4 ,!re is no d\bt t ! progress ( ,buddhism 9 ,japan 0 l>gely facilitat$ by ! adoption ( tactics1 :i* _h be5 successfully employ$ 9 deal+ ) ! b>b>\s tribes ( ,india1 &--z we h j notic$1--) ,*9a also4 ,inde$1 its read9ess to adapt itself to ! circum/ances1 in/9cts1 & prejudices ( ! p1 ) :om x has to d1 is1 z has already be5 impli$1 "o ( ! mo/ p[]ful & mo/ /rik+ peculi>ities ( ,buddhism4 ,9 ,japan1 ! ,%9to demi-gods 7 ,buddhaiz$1 & decl>$ to be manife/ations ( ,gautama2 :ile practices borr[$ f ! anci5t national cre$ 7 introduc$ into ! ,buddhi/ c]emonial4 ,9 ! eigh? c5tury1 we f9d ord]s issu$ = ! erection ( two temples & a pagoda 9 e prov9ce2 until1 ab\t ! twelf? c5tury1 ! two religions became associat$ 9 ! mann] indicat$ 9 our fir/ *apt]1--,buddhi/ & ,%9to cl]gy (ficiat+ by turns 9 ! same build+s1 & ! ,%9to temples becom+ fill$ ) images1 alike ( _! own demi-gods1 & ( ,buddha & 8 companions4 ,?is /ate ( ?+s cont9u$ until #ahfh1 :5 ! ,%9to cult 0 *os5 to receive ! exclusive recognition ( ! ,/ate1 _m ( ! ,buddhi/ mona/]ies at ! same "t suff]+ spoliation4 ,)9 ! la/ few ye>s1 h[ev]1 ,buddhism has be5 mak+ /r5u\s ef=ts to recov] its =m] p[] & position1 & !re is little d\bt t x /ill ex]ts a real influ5ce 9 ,japan2 :ile ! collapse ( ,%9toism is1 z c]ta9ly1 a matt] ( no di/ant "t4 ,at ,tokio1 ! capital1 :]e ! numb] ( temples is enorm\s1 ! proportion ( ,buddhi/ to ,%9to is 9 ! ratio ( t5 to "o2 & on sev]al occasions dur+ my /ay 9 ,japan ,i notic$ h&some new ,buddhi/ temples 9 c\rse ( erection1 or old ones be+ r$ecorat$ & re/or$4 ,on ! o!r h&1 numb]s are clos$1 or fall+ to pieces1 = want ( funds to ma9ta9 !m4 ,at ! pres5t "t1 !re are "s twelve or m pr9cipal ,buddhi/ sects 9 ,japan1 sev]al ( ^! be+ subdivid$4 ,! di/9ction betwe5 ! v>i\s s*ools is mu* m closely pres]v$ ?an 9 ,*9a2 &1 at lea/ 9 ! l>g] cities1 ea* sect w be f\nd repres5t$ by a temple ( its own4 ,! diff]5ce betwe5 ! s*ools consi/s n only 9 ! v>i$ attitudes adopt$ t[>ds "s controv]t$ "q1 b frequ5tly also 9 ! degrees ( importance atta*$ to "s po9t :i* is held by all 9 common4 ,=1 z _c be too emphatically /at$1 ,buddhism is a _m-sid$ religion47#af7 ,! foll[+ extract f ,sir ,moni] ,williams' ,buddhism1 = in/ance1 draws att5tion to ! v>iety ( aspects1 f :i* x may1 & inde$ ne$s to be reg>d$ by ! /ud5t4 8,9 diff]5t places & at diff]5t times1 its tea*+ has become bo? negative & positive1 agno/ic & gno/ic4 ,x passes f app>5t a!ism & mat]ialism to !ism1 poly!ism1 & spiritualism4 ,x is1 "u "o aspect1 m]e pessimism2 "u ano!r1 pure philan?ropy2 "u ano!r1 mona/ic communion2 "u ano!r1 high morality2 "u ano!r1 a v>iety ( mat]iali/ic philosophy2 "u ano!r1 simple demonology2 "u ano!r1 a m]e f>rago ( sup]/itions1 includ+ necromancy1 wit*craft1 idolatry1 & feti%ism4 ,9 "s =m or o!r x may be held ) almo/ any religion1 & embraces some?+ f almo/ e cre$40 ,to ! same effect writes ,dr4 ,eitel 9 8 ,lectures on ,buddhism 7pp4 #a-b73 8,buddhism is a sy/em ( va/ magnitude1 = x comprises ! e>lie/ grop+s aft] sci5ce ?r\gh\t ^? v>i\s bran*es ( k :i* our ,we/]n nations h long be5 accu/om$ to divide = sep>ate /udy4 ,x embodies 9 "o liv+ /ructure gr& & peculi> views ( physical sci5ce1 ref9$ & subtle !orems on ab/ract metaphysics1 an edifice ( fanciful my/icism1 a mo/ elaborate & f>-rea*+ sy/em ( practical morality1 & f9ally a *ur* organization z broad 9 its pr9ciples & z f9ely wr\ght 9 its mo/ intricate network z any 9 ! _w40 ,x w\ld h>dly be wor? :ile to attempt any detail$ description ( ! _m ,buddhi/ sects repres5t$ 9 ,japan4 ,to obs]ve ! ma9 *>act]i/ics ( ! pr9cipal ones1 & _! po9ts ( diff]5ce f "o ano!r1 w be amply suffici5t = our purpose4 ,! great] numb] ( ! s*ools 7 introduc$ f ,*9a1 b a few are ,japanese developm5ts4 ,let u take1 fir/ ( all1 ! s*ools ( ! ,h9ayana1 or ,m9or ,vehicle1 :i*1 z we %\ld expect1 is n ext5sively repres5t$ 9 ,japan4 ,! ,h9ayana is repres5t$ by f\r philosophical s*ools1 9 two ( :i* ! mat]iali/ic elem5t pr$om9ates1 & 9 ! two o!r ! ideali/ic2 :ile es*atological que/ions af=d fur!r gr\nd = diff]5ce4 ,! po9ts 9 dispute betwe5 ^! philosophical s*ools ( ,buddhism are altoge!r s subtle & ab/ruse z to be extremely difficult ( compreh5sion to any n ?or\ghly v]s$ 9 su* di/9ctions4 ,( ! f\r sects ref]r$ to1 "o1 call$ ! ,ku%a1 has = its *>act]i/ic ! fact t x bases its tea*+ on ! ,abhidh>ma ,pitaca4 ,to ! ,m9or ,vehicle belongs ! curi\s sy/em kn[n z ! 8,holy ,pa?40 ,?is has be5 describ$ z a 8debtor & cr$itor acc\nt kept ) div9e ju/ice40 ,mu* less common ?an 9 ,*9a1 ! sy/em ( ! 8,holy ,pa?0 is yet widely practis$ 9 ,japan4 ,elaborate tables are drawn up1 conta9+ a li/ ( all good & bad actions x is possible to p]=m1 ) ! numb]s add$ :i* ea* c\nts on ! side ( m]it or dem]it4 ,! numb]s range f "o to a hundr$1 or ev5 m2 & ! tables af=d an insight into ! relative importance 9 :i* all k9ds ( actions pres5t !mselves to ! ,ori5tal m9d4 ,he :o w\ld tread life's j\rney along ! ,holy ,pa? mu/1 at lea/1 aim at sett+ (f 8 bad de$s by a correspond+ numb] ( good acts ( equal value4 ,at ! end ( ea* ye>1 ! acc\nt is balanc$1 & ! ov]plus or deficit is transf]r$ to ! succe$+ "o4 ,t su* a sy/em is liable to ! grave/ abuse1 especially 9 ! case ( ! m ignorant1 is obvi\s2 ?\gh1 :5 consci5ti\sly practis$1 x ne$ n be suppos$ to be unproductive ( good47#ag7 ,at pres5t we h made no m5tion ( ! ,madhyameka1 or ,middle ,vehicle1 :i*1 z its "n implies1 occupies an int]m$iate place betwe5 ! ,great] & ,less] ,conveyances4 ,a compromise betwe5 ^! two great sy/ems1 ! ,madhyameka may be said to be *>act]iz$ by a m>k$ mod]ation1 i4e4 betwe5 an excessive /rictness1 on ! "o h&1 & a too great lib]ty on ! o!r4 ,b ?\gh x is ?us a fai?ful expon5t ( ,sakya-muni's orig9al doctr9e1 ! ,madhyameka has nev] attract$ any ext5sive foll[+4 ,x is repres5t$ 9 ,japan by ! sect call$ ! ,sanron4 ,we pass on to exam9e ! s*ools ( ! ,great] ,vehicle4 ,9 ! same way t ! ,ku%a sect reg>ds z its *ief au?ority ! ,abhidh>ma ,pitaca1 !re are two s*ools belong+ to ! ,great] ,vehicle1 :i* base _! tea*+ on ! ,sutra & ,v9aya ,pitacas respectively4 ,! ,kagon make ! p>ables & say+s ( ,buddha conta9$ 9 ! ,sutra _! especial /udy2 :ile ! ,ritzu1 z adh]+ to ! m ascetic side ( ,buddhism1 h = _! fav\rite book ! ,v9aya1 or 8,discipl9e40 ,! ,dhyana or ,z5 sect is a ,*9ese s*ool ) num]\s sub-divisions4 ,its di/+ui%+ feature is ! prom95ce x assigns to ! life ( contemplation4 ,my/icism is repres5t$ by ! ,%+on1 ! ,mantra s*ool ( ,india transf]r$ ?r\gh ,*9a to ,japan2 & also by ! ,t5dai1 s call$ f a m\nta9 9 ,*9a1 :]e ! head-qu>t]s ( ! sect are situat$4 ,! temples ( ! ,%+on may usually be recogniz$ by ! two gu>dian figures at ! entrance1 ) op5 & %ut m\?s1 sugge/+ ! my/ic syllable ,a-,,um4 ,a peculi>ity ( bo? ( ^! sects is ! use ( ! pray]-:eels & cyl9d]s s common 9 ,?ibet4 ,an elem5t ( my/icism also p]vades ! influ5tial ,hokkai sect1 a ,japanese (f%oot ( ! ,t5dai1 f\nd$ 9 ! ?irte5? c5tury by a prie/ nam$ ,ni*ir51 :o is said to h be5 born sup]naturally ( a virg9 "m4 ,! ,hokkai are mo/ jeal\sly atta*$ to _! own ritual1 & to o!r obs]vances peculi> to !mselves2 &1 inh]it+ ! disposition attribut$ to _! f\nd]1 exhibit a n>r[ness & intol]ance r>ely met ) 9 ,japan4 ,_! *>act]i/ic may be said to consi/ 9 an emotional fanaticism2 & a visitor to "o ( _! temples w g5]ally f9d a numb] ( devotees1--:o ?us rema9 engag$ = h\rs at a "t1--*ant+ ! invocation ( ! sect1 8,adoration to ! ,lotus ( ! ,law10 to a deaf5+ accompanim5t ( drums4 ,two sects only n[ rema91 b ^! by no means ! lea/ int]e/+ or lea/ popul>3 ! ,jodo & ! ,%9-,jodo 7i4e4 ! ,new-,jodo74 ,! di/+ui%+ features ( ^! sects1--:i* also f9d a place 9 ! sy/em ( ! ,hokkai1--are _! ackn[l$gem5t ( ! ne$ ( ext]nal aid1 & _! doctr9e ( ! ,we/]n ,p>adise1 presid$ ov] by ,amitabha ,buddha4 ,h[ m>k$ a dep>ture f ! orig9al tea*+ ( ,sakya-muni1 z obs]v$ by u1 ^! s*ools pres5t is suffici5tly obvi\s2 nev]!less1 x is alleg$ t ! revelation ( ! ,p>adise 9 ! ,we/ 0 fir/ made by ,buddha himself to "o ( 8 pr9cipal disciples4 ,9 ! di/ant ,we/ is said to dwell "o nam$ ,amida1 or ,amitabha1 t is to say 8,illimitable ,light40 ,immortal himself1 immortal also & fre$ f all ! trammels ( transmigration are ! va/ multitudes ( m57#ah7 :o inhabit ! b\ndless regions :i* he rules4 ,9 t 8,pure ,l&107#ai7 t 8,undefil$ ,gr\nd10 ev]y?+ beautiful & en*ant+ has a place1 nei!r is pa9 or sorr[ kn[n2 & ?i!r n\ght t is evil or t defile? c come4 ,:osoev] w\ld atta9 to ?is heav5ly c\ntry mu/ rely1 mo/ ( all1 on fai?ful invocation ( ! "n ( ,amida2 he hav+1 z is record$1 made a v[ t he w\ld only accept ,buddhahood on condition t salvation %\ld be plac$ )9 rea* ( all s9c]ely desir\s ( a*iev+ x4 ,su* is ! doctr9e ( ! ,we/]n ,p>adise1 "s ( ! descriptions ( :i* read almo/ l e*oes ( ! la/ *apt]s ( ! ,bible4 ,unkn[n to ! ,buddhism ( ,ceylon1 ,siam1 & ,burmah1 x c be trac$ back z f> z ! second c5tury ,a4,d41 :5 x 0 c]ta9ly kn[n 9 ,ca%m]e1 ?\gh x 0 n until ?ree c5turies lat] t x began to spread widely ov] ,nor!rn ,buddhism4 ,b ! :ole "q ( its orig9 rema9s wrapp$ 9 obscurity4 ,at ! pres5t day1 ! devotion to ,amida is v widely practis$ 9 ,japan1 & x is extremely popul>4 ,no d\bt1 ! m educat$ & intellectual ,buddhi/1--& ! di/9ction ?us sugge/$ ne$s con/antly to be insi/$ on1--w\ld expla9 ! ,p>adise ( ! ,we/ z be+ a m]e allegory1 & reg>d ,amitabha1 z he 0 orig9ally conceiv$ to be1 z m]ely an ideal p]sonification ( b\ndless light4 ,b to ! p g5]ally ! ,undefil$ ,gr\nd & its presid+ deity are actual1 lit]al1 realities4 ,illu/ration4 ,kiyomizu-,d]a1 ,kyoto4 ,we h said t ! two sects 9 :i* ! doctr9e ( ! ,we/]n ,p>adise appe>s 9 greate/ prom95ce are call$ ! ,jodo & ,%9-,jodo4 ,! =m] ( ^! is ,*9ese 9 orig91 b 0 e/abli%$ 9 ,japan ab\t #abjj ,a4,d4 by a prie/1 ,enko ,dai%i by "n1 :o 0 also a memb] ( ! imp]ial family4 ,! head-qu>t]s ( ?is sect are at ,kyoto1 :]e ! magnific5t mona/]y ( ,*ion-9 =ms "o ( ! pr9cipal sights ( t mo/ int]e/+ ( ,japanese cities4 ,b ( all ! temples ( ,japan1 ^? ( ! ,new-,jodo 7or ,monto7 sect are at once ! mo/ h&some1 ! mo/ frequ5t$1 & ! mo/ attractive to ! ,european travell]4 ,ev]y?+ "h1 too1 is ( a dignifi$ & /ately "*2 !re is a /rik+ abs5ce ( ! tawdry & ! pu]ile4 ,f\nd$ 9 ! ye> #abfb1 ?is sect is1 at ! pres5t day1 =emo/ 9 le>n+1 influ5ce1 & activity4 ,ano!r purely ,japanese developm5t1 x is--ow+ to diff]5ces ab\t 8*ur* gov]nm5t0--compos$ ( two sub-divisions1 ! ,ni%i-,hongwanji & ! ,higa%i-,hongwanji1 or ! ,ea/]n & ,we/]n ,divisions ( ! ,true ,petition1--! ref]5ce be+ to ! v[ ( ,amida4 ,9 mo/ ( ! l>g] t[ns1 h&some temples ( ei!r bran* are to be f\nd1 situat$ usually 9 ! poor] di/ricts4 ,x is 9 ! temples ( ! ,%9-,jodo t ! rem>kable simil>ity1 ( :i* e "o has he>d1 betwe5 ! ,buddhi/ c]emonial & t ( ! ,roman ,*ur* is mo/ conspicu\s4 ,n[h]e1 p]haps1 did ! resemblance 9 "q1--to :i* ,i %all h occasion to ref] aga91--impress me m =cibly ?an x did 9 ! ,new-,jodo temple at ,nagasaki1 at ! fir/ ,buddhi/ s]vice at :i* ,i 0 ev] pres5t4 ,! day ( our visit *anc$ to be ! f\nd]'s anniv]s>y1 & f a rais$ lect]n 9 ! *ancel1 a v5]able prie/1 ( b5ign c\nt5ance1--we>+ a ri* ve/m5t n unlike a dalmatic1 & a cap resembl+ a biretta1--0 rec\nt+ to a congregation1 compos$ *iefly ( wom51 old m51 & *ildr51 ! virtues ( _! deceas$ b5efactor4 ,pres5tly1 ! s]mon came to an end1 & ! colloquial deliv]y ( ! disc\rse 0 *ang$ = ! monotone ( a litany recitation3 ! p answ]+ ) ready response1 & _m ( !m employ+ ! aid ( _! ros>ies4 ,! fragrance ( inc5se fill$ ! air2 tap]s & fl[]s adorn$ ! alt>1 above :i* 0 ! /atue1 n--z "o ent]+ by *ance might almo/ h expect$ to see--( a ,*ri/ian sa9t1 b ( "s manife/ation ( ,gautama ,buddha4 ,despite1 h[ev]1 its elaborate ritual1 ! ,%9-,jodo sect has be5 call$ ! 8,prote/antism ( ,japan20 ! reason be+ t x sanctions ! m>riage ( its cl]gy1 approves ! read+ ( ! scriptures 9 ! 8vulg> tongue10 p]mits a wid] fre$om 9 respect to food & dr9k1 & af=ds o!r indications ( a 8re=m+ _s40 ,! prie/hood 9 ?is sect is1 practically1 a h]$it>y (fice4 ,9 ! ,great ,indian ,religions ( ! late ,mr4 ,bettany1 !re is giv5 a summ>y ( ! ,%9-,jodo ,belief1 9 ! words ( "o ( its pr9cipal tea*]s4 ,i w take ! lib]ty ( re-quot+ x "h4 8,reject+ all religi\s au/]ities & o!r action1 giv+ up all idea ( self-p[]1 we rely ^u ,amida ,buddha ) ! :ole he>t = our salvation 9 ! future life1 :i* is ! mo/ important ?+3 believ+ t at ! mom5t ( putt+ our fai? 9 ,amida ,buddha our salvation is settl$4 ,f t mom5t invocation ( 8 "n is obs]v$ z an expression ( gratitude & ?ankfulness = ,buddha's m]cy4 ,moreov]1 be+ ?ankful = ! reception ( ?is doctr9e f ! f\nd] & succe$+ *ief prie/s ^: tea*+s 7 s b5evol5t1 & z welcome z light 9 a d>k night1 we mu/ also keep ! laws :i* are fix$ = our duty dur+ our :ole life40 ,! mutual relation ( fai? & works is especially to be notic$2 & inde$ ! /rik+ly evangelical "* ( ! :ole ,confession4 ,illu/ration4 ,/atues ( ,kwannon1 ,san-,ju-,san-,g5-,d4 ,va/1 h[ev]1 z is ! p[] attribut$ to ,amitabha1 & great z is ! m]it to be acquir$ by ! invocation ( 8 "n1 !re is f\nd 9 ! temples 9 :i* he is wor%ipp$ an image :i* receives ev5 m v5]ation ?an 84 ,t colossal female effigy1 ) ! _m heads & c\ntless h&s1 be=e :i* a numb] ( vot>ies1 compos$ l>gely ( wom51 are kneel+ 9 pray]1 is meant to repres5t ! mighty ,avalokitesv>a1 or--to sub/itute = ! ,sanskrit ! less =midable titles by :i* %e is kn[n 9 ,*9a & ,japan1--! all-p[]ful ,kwany9 or ,kwannon4 ,"h1 aga91 we are confront$ ) a devotion ! orig9 ( :i* is wrapp$ 9 unc]ta9ty1 b :i*1 closely connect$ ) ! doctr9e ( ! ,we/]n ,p>adise1 seems to h aris5 "s ?ree c5turies aft] ! comm5cem5t ( our era4 ,at ! pres5t day1 x is spread ext5sively ov] ,?ibet1 ,mongolia1 ,*9a1 & ,japan2 b x is unkn[n to ! c\ntries ( ,s\!rn ,buddhism4 ,) reg>d to ! mean+ ( ?is great image be=e u1 ,kwannon is commonly expla9$ to be ! reflex or spiritual son ( ,amitabha ,buddha1 s5t by him to e>? to preside on e>? ov] ! ,buddhi/ fai?1 & appe>+1 at fir/ 9 male & subsequ5tly 9 female %ape4 ,b ! probability is t ! v>i\s p]sonages1 ) :om ,kwannon is suppos$ to be id5tifi$1 _h m]ely a fictiti\s exi/5ce2 & t 9 h] /atues1 we see simply an apo!osis ( ,m]cy1 an allegorical ,mat] ,mis]icordiae1 ^: _m eyes & h&s are int5d$ to signify ! unremitt+ vigilance & ! untir+ en]gy ) :i* %e m9i/]s to all sorr[ & di/ress47#bj7 ,! isl& ( ,pootau1 (f ,n+-po1 9 ! ,*usan ,ar*ipelago1 is ! great c5tre ( ,kwannon wor%ip2 ! mo/ popul> ( ! _m leg5ds conc]n+ h] associat+ h] ) ?is locality1 & (f]+ an explanation ( h] ?\s& heads & h&s m clumsy ev5 ?an is ! mann] ( su* my?s4 ,! isl& belongs to ! ,buddhi/ prie/hood1 & is a great resort ( pilgrims4 ,9 ,japan1 ! %r9es & /atues ( ,kwannon are to be met ) ev]y:]e3 _m ( h] images be+ ( enorm\s size1 ri*ly gilt & beautifully wr\ght4 ,sometimes ! /atues are kept conceal$ f view1 ei!r on acc\nt ( alleg$ miracul\s prop]ties1 or = "s o!r reason ( special sanctity4 ,! highly-v5]at$ image1 = in/ance1 at ! ,asakusa temple1 ,tokio1 is nev] %[n2 x is only two in*es high1 & is accr$it$ ) sup]natural qualities4 ,b ( all ! %r9es ( ,kwannon1 x may be d\bt$ :e!r ! impression creat$ by any is great] ?an by h] temple ( ,san-ju-san-g5-d at ,kyoto1 :]e no less ?an #cc1ccc images ( ! goddess may be se54 ,( ^! a ?\s& are gild$ /atues1 five feet 9 height1 & rang$ 9 ti]s along a va/ gall]y4 ,! rema9+ effigies are depict$ on ! =eheads1 h&s & nimbi ( ! l>g] ones4 ,! temple & its cont5ts orig9at$ 9 ! votive (f]+ ( a ,mikado ( ! twelf? c5tury = recov]y f sickness4 ,illu/ration4 ,! ,alt> ( ,san-,ju-,san-,g5-,d4 ,,iv4 ,,buddhism ,,& ,,*ri/ianity4 ,illu/ration4 ,gu>dian ,nio4 ,! ,buddhi/ temples 9 ,japan are = ! mo/ "p built on a mu* gr&] & m elaborate scale ?an ^? belong+ to ! ,%9to wor%ip4 ,! ro(+ is n ( ?at*1 b ( tiles2 & in/ead ( ! torii1 ! entrance is ?r\gh a ,sammon1 or two-/ori$ gateway1 9 ! recesses ( :i* /& two huge figures ( f]oci\s appe>ance4 ,^! are call$ ,nio1 & _! (fice is to gu>d ! sacr$ prec9cts f ! approa* ( evil spirits4 ,^! images are commonly se5 spott$ all ov] ) pellets ( pap]4 8,a wor%ipp] writes 8 petition on pap]1 or bett] /ill1 has x writt5 = him by ! prie/1 *ews x to a pulp1 & spits x at ! div9ity4 ,if1 hav+ be5 well aim$1 ! pap] /icks1 x is a good om540 ,pass+ ?r\gh ! ,sammon1 & proce$+ 9 a /raight direction--(t5 betwe5 r[s ( votive /one-lant]ns--! visitor soon arrives at ! two l>ge/ build+s ( ! temple gr\p4 ,"o ( ^! is ! ,hondo1 or ma9 %r9e2 :ile ! o!r may be ei!r ! ,hall ( ! ,f\nd] ( ! p>ticul> sect to :i* ! ,temple belongs1 or x may conta9 a colossal image ( ,amida1 & be specially d$icat$ to 8 wor%ip4 ,sometimes1 aga91 ?is second build+ is kn[n z ! ,refectory1 f ! spiritual n\ri%m5t suppli$ !re 9 ! =m ( s]mons1 = :i* ! prea*] takes z 8 text "s passage ( ! ,sutra1 or1 x may be1 "s say+ ( ,confucius47#ba7 ,remov+ our boots1 :i* we leave at ! foot ( ! wood5 /eps1 we asc5d to ! ,hondo1 &1 if ne$ be1 pu% aside ! slid+-doors ( pap]-cov]$ woodwork1 :i* af=d access to ! build+4 ,%\ld no s]vice *ance to be 9 progress1 a little company ( prie/s1 acolytes1 c41 w probably be f\nd1 seat$ on ! matt+ ) :i* ! floor is cov]$1--engag$ 9 ! p]usal ( book or newspap]1 or *att+ toge!r ov] m9iature cups ( tea1 &1 if x be w9t]-"t1 spread+ _! h&s to receive ! grateful w>m? ( ! hiba*i47#bb7 ,beside !m1 on ! floor1 is arrang$ a miscellane\s assortm5t ( sacr$ pictures1 leaflets1 c&les1 inc5se-/icks1 *>ms1 & o!r articles2 any ( :i* may be pur*as$ by a v mode/ exp5diture4 ,z we ent]1 we obs]ve t sev]al pairs ( eyes are fa/5$ on u 9 undisguis$ curiosity2 b our l[ salutation is promptly respond$ to1 if inde$ x has n be5 anticipat$1 & "o ( ! gr\p w c\rte\sly come =w>d to supply u ) any assi/ance or in=mation we require4 ,be=e ! rail+1 :i* encloses ! sanctu>y1 two or ?ree wor%ipp]s are kneel+ 9 pray]2 & ^! also exam9e u = a :ile ) close att5tion4 ,or1 x may be t at ! "t ( our visit "s religi\s function is proce$+4 ,if s1 ! cl]gy ) _! s]v]s are f\nd )9 ! *ancel1 clad 9 gorge\s yell[ robes1 & g5uflect+ n[ & aga9 be=e ! images :i* /& above ! ri*ly-ve/$ alt>4 ,outside ! sanctu>y rails1 ! congregation is assembl$ 9 great] or less numb]s1 accord+ to ! importance ( ! day4 ,ar\nd is a pr(usion ( lights & fl[]s2 :ile ! air is fragrant ) ! fumes ( inc5se4 ,! pray]s1 :i* ! (ficiat+ prie/ recites 9 monotone1 are 9 ,pali1 a =m ( ,sanskrit2 & if an air ( p]functor9ess p]vades 8 devotions1 let x be rememb]$ t e day1 mon? aft] mon?1 & ye> aft] ye>1 he may be f\nd *ant+ ^! same litanies1 ( ! significance ( :i* he has b ! vague/ idea4 ,n1 h[ev]1 t he is )\t belief 9 _! efficacy2 nay1 x may be t 8 v ignorance ( _! mean+ causes ! words he utt]s to h1 9 8 eyes1 a transc5d5t value4 ,above ! high alt>1 9 seat$ po/ure on lotus-blossoms17#bc7 are ?ree colossal images1 cunn+ly wr\ght & ri*ly gild$1 & be>+ on _! c\nt5ances an expression ( placid repose4 ,p]haps1 x is ! ,triratna1 or ,?ree ,jewels1 t ^! repres5t1 ! ,tr9ity ( ,buddha1 ! ,law1 & ! ,ord]4 ,or1 possibly1 ?is is ,buddha1 9 8 triple =ms ( exi/5ce3--z ,sakya-muni1 ! =m "u :i* he liv$ z man among m52 z ,amitabha1 8 metaphysical exi/5ce 9 ,nirvana2 z ,avalokitesv>a1 8 reflex 9 ! _w ( =ms1 8 spiritual son1 g5]at$ to propagate ! religion e/abli%$ by him dur+ 8 e>?ly c>e]4 ,or once aga91 ^! ?ree images may portray ! ,buddhas ( ! ,pa/1 ,pres5t1 & ,future3--,gautama :o 01 ! hi/oric f\nd] ( ,buddhism2 ,kwannon1 or ,avalokitesv>a1 ! head ( ! pres5t ,buddhi/ hi]>*y1 ! ,buddha :o is2 & ,maitreya1 or ,m]oku1 ! deliv]] yet to come1 ! rehabilitation ( pa/ ,buddhas =etold by ,sakya-muni4 ,n[ & aga9 "o may meet ) a ,buddhi/ ( sup]ior intellectual atta9m5ts1 :o w\ld expla9 ! acts ( wor%ip he (f]s to ^! images1 z signify+ m]ely rev]5ce = ,gautama's tea*+2 b to ! multitude1 z has be5 se5 already1 ! images repres5t di/9ct & all-p[]ful deities4 ,inde$1 ! p are enc\rag$ ?us to reg>d !m by _! ecclesia/ical sup]iors2 x be+ "o ( ! me?ods ( ,buddhism ?us to adapt its tea*+ to ! capacity ( d5se & ignorant m9ds4 ,& ?us x comes ab\t t a religion1 comm5c+ ) agno/icism1 meets ! 8crav+ = div9ity10 s deeply implant$ 9 ! nature ( our race1 by pass+ into :at is1 practically1 a deification ( humanity4 ,illu/ration4 ,pagoda at ,nikko4 ,leav+ ! ,hondo1 we next proce$ to explore ! gr\nds & rema9+ build+s connect$ ) ! temple4 ,?is l(ty ,pagoda1 = in/ance1 sev]al /ories high1 is erect$ ov] "s holy relic1--p]haps ! vitrifi$ rema9s ( ! f\nd]1 aft] cremation4 ,a little fur!r on1 we come to ! ,r9zo1 or ,revolv+ ,libr>y1 conta9+ an entire set ( ! ,buddhi/ scriptures4 ,z ^! consi/ altoge!r ( "s #f1gjj or #f1hjj l>ge volumes1 x is cle>ly impossible = any "o p]son to read !m all4 ,?is1 h[ev]1 ne$ n be regrett$ see+ t :atev] m]it might be obta9$ by a complete p]usal1 is freely ext5d$ to all1 :o w take ! tr\ble to make ?is huge /& revolve2 ! /ructure be+ s arrang$ t a s+le pu% is suffici5t = ! purpose6 ,! ,r9zo 0 an inv5tion ( a ,*9ese prie/1 & is said to date f ! six? c5tury4 ,ow+ to _! co/l9ess !y are r>ely met )2 & ! only two ,i rememb] see+ 7 at ,asakusa1 ,tokio1 & at ,ikegami1 ! head-qu>t]s ( ! ,hokkai sect4 ,else:]e 9 ! gr\nds we come ^u ! ,%oro1 or ,great ,bell1--us$ n = summon+ ! fai?ful1 b = ! purpose ( invocation & wor%ip2--! ,koro1 or ,drum-t[]2 ! ,emado1 or 8,ex-voto0 ,%$1 ! walls ( :i* are cov]$ ) pictures1 *>ms1 & o!r (f]+s2 ci/]ns = ! purpose ( c]emonial purification2 a pr9t+ & publi%+ dep>tm5t2 &1 p]haps1 a grotto ) gha/ly repres5tations ( ! suff]+s endur$ 9 ! ,buddhi/ hells4 ,usually1 too1 to be f\nd 9 ! sacr$ prec9cts1 is a specim5 ( ! ,ficus religiosa1 or sacr$ tree1 "u :i* ,sakya-muni atta9$ 8 enlight5m5t4 ,at ! re> ( ! temple build+s are situat$ ! prie/s' ap>tm5ts1--(t5 a quadrangle enclos$ by a colonnade1--! reception-rooms ( :i* are beautifully decorat$ ) kakemonos4 ,"h ! visitor is sometimes invit$ to a light repa/ ( tea1 cake1 & fruit2 ! prie/s wait+ on him ! :ile ) ! mo/ c\rte\s att5tion4 ,& "h may ,i be p]mitt$ to say a ^w ab\t ! ,buddhi/ prie/s ( ,japan z ,i f\nd !m8 ,!y are commonly spok5 ( z lazy & ignorant1 m]c5>y & corrupt2 & x is to be fe>$ t ) reg>d to _m1 especially ( ! l[] ord]s ( ! cl]gy1 ?is witness is true4 ,b speak+ ( ^? ) :om ,i came into direct contact--! prie/s1 = ! mo/ "p1 atta*$ to ! m important temples--,i feel b\nd to say1 t ! impression ,i =m$ ( !m 01 on ! :ole1 a di/9ctly fav\rable "o4 ,) c\nt5ances (t5 indicat+ close spiritual application1 !y appe>$ to p]=m _! sacr$ duties ) rev]5ce & att5tion2 :ile ( ! dis9t]e/$ k9dness & hospitality ,i receiv$ at _! h&s1 z well z ( ! c\rtesy & pati5ce ) :i* !y repli$ to my num]\s que/ions1 ,i w\ld speak 9 t]ms ( grateful appreciation4 ,illu/ration4 ,plan ,( ,buddhi/ ,temple ,at ,ikegami1 ,ne> ,tokio4 7,head-qu>t]s ( ! ,hokkai or ,ni*ir5 sect47 ,! pa? to ! left f ! ,entrance ,gate leads to ! ,ma9 ,temple2 t to ! "r to ! ,f\nd]'s ,hall4 ,to ! "r ( ! plan are ! ,drum-t[] & ,pagoda4 ,beh9d ! ,ma9 ,temple is ! ,r9zo or ,revolv+ ,libr>y2 & 9 ! l[] left-h& corn] ( ! picture is ! ,reliqu>y4 ,! two small build+s 9 ! =egr\nd are ! ,belfry & ! ,emado4 ,9 ! backgr\nd are ! ,prie/s' ,ap>tm5ts & ,reception-rooms4 ,a visit to a ,buddhi/ temple1 h[ev]1 c h>dly fail to sugge/ to any1 :o are at all famili> ) ! obs]vances ( ! ,roman ritual1 a comp>ison to :i* we h already ref]r$1--,i mean ! /rik+ resemblance betwe5 ! ,buddhi/ c]emonies & su* z h f\nd place 9 ! ,*ri/ian ,*ur*4 ,! high-alt> ) its halo$ /atues1 fl[]s1 c&elabra1 & ev]-burn+ lamps2 ! side-alt>s1 simil>ly adorn$1 above "o ( :i*1 x may be1 is se5 ! image ( ,maia1 ! "m ( ,gautama1 be>+ h] infant-son 9 h] arms2 ! prie/s1 tonsur$1 mitr$1 array$ 9 _! ri* ve/m5ts1 & att5d$ by _! acolytes2 ! p1 b5d+ l[ 9 adoration1 or tell+ _! ros>ies z !y pray2 ! t9kl+ ( bells & ! p]fume ( inc5se2 ! dim light ( ! sanctu>y1 & ! monoton\s *ant1 9 ! unkn[n tongue1 ( ! litanies uplift$ = liv+ & = dead3--^! are only "s ( ! po9ts ( correspond5ce ) ,roman ,ca?olic obs]vances :i* meet u 9 almo/ e ,buddhi/ temple4 ,inde$1 to attempt to specify su* resemblances 9 detail w\ld prove a labori\s task4 ,b :ile ! simil>ity to :i* ,i ref] is f> too close & rem>kable to be acc\nt$ = by m]e co9cid5ce1 its explanation is by no means easy4 ,"s w\ld solve ! difficulty by ref]r+ to ! unque/ionable fact t _m ( ! c]emonies practis$ 9 ! ,*ri/ian ,*ur* are adaptations ( anci5t hea!n rites3 a lead+ captive ( captivity ( :i*1 z x seems to me1 ,*ri/ianity has f> m reason to be pr\d ?an a%am$4 ,b ?\gh ! ,buddhi/ obs]vances are1 )\t d\bt1 ( consid]able antiquity1 ?is explanation _c be said to be adequate to ! requirem5ts ( ! case4 ,f> m satisfactory is ! !ory t ascribes ! ph5om5on to an e>ly contact ( ,*9a ) "s =m ( ,*ri/ianity--probably ,ne/orianism--& to ! read9ess :i* ,buddhism has ev] exhibit$ to ext5d its influ5ce by a con=mity to o!r fai?s4 ,! problem1 h[ev]1 is "o :i* we mu/1 to a great ext5t1 be satisfi$ to leave unsolv$2 ! mo/ em95t au?orities 9 ,ori5talism hav+ confess$ !mselves baffl$4 ,x is only ! fact ( ! resemblance t admits ( no dispute4 ,illu/ration4 ,a ,buddhi/ ,prie/4 ,x is curi\s to notice ! diff]5t effects produc$ by an obs]vation ( ! ,buddhi/ c]emonial on ! m9ds ( ,roman ,ca?olic mission>ies ^u _! fir/ arrival 9 ! ,ea/4 ,by "s its lik5ess to _! own ritual has be5 reg>d$ z a manuvre ( ,satan1 design$ = ! h9drance ( ,*ri/ian tru?2 :ile o!rs h reg>d$ ! resemblance ) satisfaction1 z calculat$ to dim9i% ! difficulties ( _! "w4 ,)\t ent]+ fur!r into ?is "q1 ,i may be all[$ to express ! conviction t an elaborate c]emonial =ms at any rate no necess>y factor ( ,*ri/ian "w 9 ,japan4 ,s f> f ?is be+ ! case1 ,i 0 in=m$1 on no prejudic$ au?ority1 t1 ! brea* once made ) ! old associations1 conv]ts are dispos$ to reg>d any?+ t5d+ ev5 remotely to sugge/ !m z m ( a h9drance ?an a help2 & ?is view f9ds support 9 ! l>ge numb] ( adh]5ts ga9$ by sev]al ( ! ,prote/ant ,missions1 ) :om any?+ 9 ! way ( c]emonial is r$uc$ to a m9imum4 ,on ! o!r h&1 mu/ be rememb]$ ! v successful "w accompli%$ 9 ,japan1 alike by ! ,roman & ,or?odox ,*ur*es1 ^: comb9$ total ( "s #fe1jjj adh]5ts is m ?an d\ble t ( ! v>i\s ,prote/ant sects1--! ,*ur*es ( ,engl& & ,am]ica1 ) #d1jjj memb]s1 n be+ includ$ 9 ?is computation4 ,hi!rto1 ,i h ref]r$ only to ! resemblance outw>dly exi/+ betwe5 ! c]emonies & obs]vances ( ,*ri/ianity & ,buddhism4 ,b an ext5sion ( ! comp>ison results 9 :at is1 at fir/ sight1 an ev5 m />tl+ simil>ity betwe5 incid5ts record$ ( ,gautama ,buddha1 & ev5ts 9 ! life ( ,jesus ,*ri/1 z n>rat$ 9 ! ,gospels4 ,?us1 we are told t ,gautama 0 born ( a virg9 "m2 t angels appe>$ at 8 nativity2 t an anci5t se] pro/rat$ himself be=e him1 & salut$ him z "o come d[n f heav52 t1 z a *ild1 he conf\nd$ 8 tea*]s by ! und]/&+ he display$1 & ! que/ions :i* he ask$2 t1 assail$ by ! ,evil ,"o7#bd7 ) ! ke5e/ temptations1--includ+ ! (f] ( ,sov]eignty ov] all ! _w1 if he w\ld r5\nce 8 mission1--he yet em]g$ victori\s f all2 t once1 be+ on a m\nta91 he 0 envelop$ 9 a cl\d ( heav5ly light2 t he w5t d[n into hell2 & t he asc5d$ into heav54 ,inde$1 ! ,*ri/ian may be p>don$ if1 = ! mom5t1 he feels completely /agg]$ at all t he f9ds advanc$ on behalf ( ,sakya-muni2 & if 8 p]plexity only beg9s to give place to relief1 :5 he discov]s t !re is absolutely no trace ( su* extraord9>y co9cid5ce 9 ! e>ly ,buddhi/ writ+s1 & t !re is no reason = suppos+ t ^! alleg$ ev5ts 9 ! life ( ,gautama 7 ev] he>d ( until ! ,*ri/ian era 0 already sev]al c5turies old4 ,we h n[1 z f> z our limits p]mit1 made an exam9ation ( ,buddhism ) especial ref]5ce to ,japan4 ,b be=e leav+ ?is "p ( our subject1 ,i w\ld humbly1 b v e>ne/ly1 submit ! "q1 ,is !re 9 ,buddhism g5]ally1--is !re 9 ,buddhism z x exi/s 9 ,japan at ! pres5t day1--no?+ ^u :i* ,*ri/ianity may pr(itably fa/51 no?+ to :i* ,*ri/ianity may prop]ly appeal8 ,is t great proclamation ( ,*ri/ian tact1 :i*1 eighte5 c5turies ago1 ! ,apo/le ,paul deliv]$ on ! ,areopagus at ,a!ns1 8,:om ye ignorantly wor%ip1 ,him decl>e ,i unto y10 "o t _c1 m (t5 ?an x does1 f9d a place on ! lips ( our mission>ies ( to-day8 ,is ! position a useless "o to take1 t bo? ! fai?s ( ,jesus ,*ri/ & ( ,buddha agree 9 ?is1 t ei!r has = its object ! amelioration ( man's lot1 "h & h]eaft]1 & 8 release f ! curse ( suff]+2 only1 z we believe1 ) ?is great diff]5ce1 t ! f\nd] ( ,*ri/ianity 0 possess$ ( res\rces to :i* ,sakya-muni laid no claim8 ,^! are que/ions :i* 7 con/antly pres5t+ !mselves to my m9d dur+ my visit to ,japan2 b !y are que/ions also :i* ,i he>d ask$ m ?an once by m5 :o _h closely /udi$ ! :ole subject & 7 deeply int]e/$ 9 mission "w4 ,b :atev] ! true answ] to ^! que/ions be1 ( ?is we may be c]ta93 t by no reckless d5unciation ( a cre$1 ( ! v elem5ts ( :i* ! d5\nc] is cont5t to be 9 ignorance1 w any victory ( ,*ri/'s ,cross be a*iev$4 ,be ! errors & %ortcom+s ( ,buddhism :at !y may1--& we mu/1 to be hone/1 pron\nce !m 9 our judgm5t to be _m & great1--x is1 at lea/1 a sy/em ( v great antiquity1 9 ^: /r5g? ?\s&s ( millions ( our fell[-creatures h liv$ & di$1 bo? bett] & happi]4 ,m5 _c be expect$ lightly to ab&on _! allegiance to su* a fai? z ?is1 nor w\ld x be to _! cr$it if !y did2 :ile 9 ,*ri/ianity1 ev5 :5 fai?fully repres5t$1 !re is v mu* calculat$ to p]plex & e/range "o :o has be5 tra9$ 9 ! t5ets ( ,buddhism4 ,moreov]1 h[ev] little he may agree ) !m1 ! ,buddhi/ holds t ! religi\s convictions ( o!rs are entitl$ to respect1 & t _! feel+s %\ld nev] be w\nd$1 if ?is c be avoid$2 x is only natural t he1 9 8 turn1 %\ld be quickly ali5at$ by unsympa!tic treatm5t4 ,i 0 told by an ,engli% resid5t ( long /&+ t infidelity is l>gely on ! increase 9 ,japan1 especially among ! m5 ( ! upp] & middle classes2 & t among ! causes ( ?is 0 c]ta9ly to be reckon$ ! contemptu\s & m]ely de/ructive attitude t[>ds ,buddhism1 ) :i* "s--let u hope !y are ! v few--w\ld ?9k to s]ve ! cause ( ,jesus ,*ri/4 8,dep5d ^u x10 x 0 said to me1 8x is irreligion t commonly succe$s to ! vacant place1 n ,*ri/ianity4 ,c>lyle 0 "r :5 he said1 #8,bett] ev5 to believe a lie ?an to believe no?+4' 0 ,& ,buddhism is n all a lie6 8,! p]i%+ hea!n40 ,_m ( u h be5 revolt$ by su* expressions :5 he>d at home4 ,b x is only :5 "o is liv+ 9 ! mid/ ( ! p ( :om !y are spok51 t x is possible to realize ! full horror ( _! mean+4 ,t m51 wom51 & little *ildr51 :o are di/+ui%$ by s _m good qualities17#be7 & :o--)1 z we believe1 su* immeasurably inf]ior opportunities--pres5t1 9 _m po9ts1 s fav\rable a contra/ to ourselves1 %\ld be condemn$ to a future ( hopeless & un5d+ mis]y1 = n believ+ t ( :i*1 x may be1 !y h n ev5 he>d1 or he>d only 9 crude1 di/ort$ /atem5t--c any man really ?9k ?is1 :o recognizes ! provid5ce ( a ,fa!r ( ,love2 nay1 ,i w d>e to say1 ( a ,deity ( b>e ,ju/ice8 ,& yet language ?us fe>fully misrepres5t+ ! ,fai? ( ,*ri/ is /ill us$ by "s :o are call$ by ,8 "n2 & t x is us$ is kn[n by ! p ( ,japan47#bf7 ,b aga94 ,!re is1 ,i h obs]v$1 mu* 9 ! s*eme ( ,*ri/ianity calculat$ to prove a /umbl+-block to ^? :o h be5 educat$ 9 ! doctr9es ( ,buddhism4 ,let me proce$ to /ate "s ( ! difficulties t w\ld be exp]i5c$1 "s ( ! objections t w\ld be rais$1 by a ,buddhi/ ( a c]ta9 am\nt ( intellectual capacity1 :5 confront$ ) ! claims ( ! ,*ri/ian ,fai?4 ,?us1 7a7 ! ,bible4 8,we are unable10 ! ,buddhi/ w\ld say1 8to recognize 9 y\r ,old & ,new ,te/am5ts an inspir$ revelation4 ,:y %\ld we accept y\r ,scriptures1 ) all _! alleg$ miracles & sup]natural occurr5ces1 :5 y reject ours8 ,besides1 y are n agre$ among y\rselves z to inspiration1 au!nticity1 translation1 int]pretation4 ,"s ( y1 aga91 are = diffus+ ! ,bible broadca/1 o!rs w\ld keep x 9 ! backgr\nd4 ,aga91 ! ,*ri/ian doctr9e ( immortality appe>s to u entirely abs5t f ! pages ( ! ,old ,te/am5t2 :ile ev5 ! ,jews1 #8,god's *os5 p1' refuse to see 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t ! fulfilm5t ( ! ,old40 7b7 ,! ,old ,te/am5t4 8,we _c reg>d ! /ory ( ,creation1 z giv5 9 ! ,book ( ,g5esis1 z any?+ m ?an a my?1 conta9+ a g]m ( tru?4 ,nei!r c we accept1 z hi/orically true1 ! /ory ( ! temptation 9 ! ,g>d5 ( ,ed54 ,& yet1 ^u ?is is made to re/ y\r :ole !ory ( ! ,fall1 ( ,orig9al ,s91 & ( ,*ri/ian ,r$emption4 ,z = ! hi/ory ( ! ,jewi% p1 we c see 9 x no?+ b "o long /ory ( cruelty & blood%$2 h[ c a ,creator1 a ,god ( ,love1 be suppos$ to h p]mitt$ & approv$ su* ?+s80 7c7 ,! ,inc>nation4 ,! :ole doctr9e ( ! ,inc>nation is full ( difficulty to ! m9d ( an ,ori5tal2 n because ( its /rang5ess & novelty1 b ow+ to 8 v famili>ity ) /ories ( miracul\s bir? 9 8 own leg5ds4 7d7 ,! ,atonem5t4 8,:y %\ld ,jehovah require ! sacrifice ( ,8 own ,son80 ,?is is a difficulty t w\ld pres5t itself ) especial =ce to ! ,buddhi/2 by :om all life is held sacr$1 & :om su* texts z 8,)\t %$d+ ( blood !re is no remission10 fill ) repugnance4 ,! explanation (f]$ by ,buddhi/s !mselves ( ! ,*ri/ian doctr9e ( ,atonem5t is1 t its orig9 mu/ be s\ght 9 ! fact t1 f ! mo/ anci5t times1 ! idea ( sacrifice1 & ( human sacrifice1 has exi/$2 & ?is explanation !y g on to apply to ! ,holy ,eu*>i/4 7e7 ,et]nal ,puni%m5t4 8,h[10 x is ask$1 8is y\r doctr9e ( ,ev]la/+ ,puni%m5t consi/5t ) t ( ! ,remission ( ,s9s8 ,& h[1 on ! o!r h&1 is n y\r s*eme ( salvation e?ically wrong1 if x all[s p1 aft] s9n+ all _! lives1 to be =giv5 on _! dea?-b$s1 t s !y may ent] a ,p>adise1 :]e9 good & bad alike h a place80 7f7 ,fai? & ,belief4 8,:at "r h y to ask u to believe any?+ t does n accord ) sci5ce & exp]i5ce1 :5 y h no bett] opportunities ( kn[+ ?an we80 7g7 ,*ri/ian ,e?ics4 8,"s ( ^!--e4g4 ! doctr9e ( ! ,s]mon on ! ,m\nt--we admit to be good2 b !y are n peculi> to ,*ri/ianity--our own tea*+ is v simil>4 ,9 o!r ( y\r e?ics1 we see only an ignoble & selfi% /or+ ( treasure2 x appe>s to u t a good action1 done = ! sake ( rew>d or ga91 mu/ entirely lose its m]it40 7h7 ,mission>y ,"w4 8,we d n claim t our religion is ! only way ( salvation1 b readily recognize ! good po9ts 9 o!r sy/ems z well4 ,y1 on ! contr>y1 appe> to hold t !re is no o!r way b y\r own2 & inde$ x is only on ?is supposition t we c und]/& ! /r5u\s ef=ts :i* y make to br+ u to ab&on our religion = y\rs407#bg7 ,x =ms no "p ( my purpose to discuss ^! objections2 :i*1 let me add1 are m]ely repres5tative1 & by no means exhau/ive4 ,) _m ( !m we are already famili> at home2 & ! ,japanese1 ,i w\ld m5tion1 are fully aw>e ( ! unbelief preval5t 9 ,engl&1 & well acqua9t$ ) its argum5ts4 ,inde$1 few ,engli% p1 x is probable1 h any idea h[ closely _! hi/ory & _! lit]ature are /udi$ by nations liv+ at ! o!r side ( ! globe1 :o are to !m simply 8! hea!n40 ,"s1 aga91 ( ! above objections w\ld seem to h be5 sugge/$ by imp]fect & di/ort$ /atem5ts ( ,*ri/ian tru?4 ,i h ?\ght x wor? :ile to ref] to !m1 9 ! hope t ! fact ( su* que/ions be+ rais$ may s]ve to impress ^u u ^! two important po9ts3--7i7 ! ne$ ( mission>ies1 at ! pres5t day1 be+ n only m5 ( holy & devot$ lives1 b also fully equal 9 intellectual equipm5t & culture to our home cl]gy2 & 7ii7 ! fallacy ( tru/+ to ! circulation ( ! ,bible1 z an in/rum5t ( mission "w1 unless x be accompani$--or r prec$$--by ! tea*+ ( ! liv+ ag5t4 ,x mu/ n1 h[ev]1 be imag9$ t ! ob/acles to ! progress ( ! ,gospel 9 ,japan are :olly1 or ev5 ma9ly1 ( ! "* ,i h ref]r$ to4 ,ano!r great h9drance is mo/ unque/ionably pres5t$ 9 ! l>ge numb] ( compet+ sects & organizations1 :i*1 "h z 9 o!r c\ntries :]e mission "w is be+ c>ri$ on1 address ! p 9 ! "n ( ,*ri/ianity4 ,x is true t ,buddhi/s !mselves are divid$ into num]\s sects & s*ools2 b betwe5 ^! !re c sc>cely be said to be any?+ ( p>ty animosity & /rife4 ,x w1 inde$1 be he>d ) satisfaction t ! feel+ t[>ds "o ano!r ( ! v>i\s ,*ri/ian bodies 9 ,japan is1 speak+ g5]ally1 free f bitt]ness2 & t ea* w\ld appe> desir\s ( do+ its own "w1 9 ! wide field be=e x1 )\t int]f]5ce ) ! ef=ts ( o!rs4 8,! feel+ "h10 x 0 obs]v$ to me1 8is no?+ l s bad z x is at home407#bh7 ,& z 9 ,engl& bigotry & suspicion are /eadily giv+ place to mutual tol]ation & respect1 s may we hope t1 bo? 9 our colonies & abroad1 c\nsels ( *>ity may m & m prevail4 ,/ill1 at ! be/1 s long z ,romani/s1 ,or?odox1 ,anglicans1 & ,sect>ians adh]e to ! positions !y at pres5t occupy1 s long mu/ any real unity ( action be impossible2 nei!r c peace be s\ght by surr5d] or compromise ( pr9ciple4 ,b mean:ile !re is1 ( c\rse1 a lam5table want ( compactness among ! conv]ts--z a rec5t writ] 9 ! ,japan ,mail1 rem>k$ 8!y are m l scatt]$ gr\ps ( soldi]s ?an an army02--:ile ! p]plexity occasion$ to ^? we are seek+ to conv9ce is t]rible & great4 ,! foll[+ extract f ,miss ,bick]/e?'s rec5tly-publi%$ ,japan z we saw x 7,sampson ,l[1 #ahic71 draws an able contra/ betwe5 ! religi\s condition ( ,japan at ! pres5t day & ! position ( ,*ri/ianity 9 ! "t ( ,/4 ,francis ,xavi]4 8,x 0 impossible n to be /ruck ) ! pres5t complication ( religi\s matt]s 9 ! c\ntry z comp>$ ) ! days ( ,xavi]4 ,!n1 on ! "o side1 !re 0 ! ,buddhi/-,%9to cre$1 und]m9$ by no ,we/]n sci5ce1 /ill p[]ful 9 its attraction = ! popul> m9d1 & pres5t+ a m or less solid resi/ance to ! =eign mission>y2 &1 on ! o!r1 ,*ri/ianity z repres5t$ by ,roman ,ca?olicism1 imp]fect truly1 b )\t a rival 9 dogma or 9 ritual4 ,n[ ! ranks ( ,buddhi/-,%9toism are hopelessly brok52 ! sup]/ition ( its vot>ies is expos$ by ! /rong light ( mod]n sci5ce1 & _! en?usiasm too (t5 qu5*$ 9 ! deep] d>kness ( a!ism4 ,*ri/ianity1 ?\gh pres5t 9 mu* great] =ce ?an 9 ! days ( ,xavi]1 is1 alas1 n proportionately /rong]4 ,! divisions ( ,*ri/5dom are n[h]e m evid5t ?an 9 its =eign missions to an intellectual p l ! ,japanese4 ,! ,greek1 ! ,roman1 ! ,anglican *ur*es1 ! endless #8splits' ( ,noncon=mity1 mu/ & d pres5t to ! ,japanese m9d a bewild]+ selection ( possibilities 9 religi\s tru?40 ,to ref] to b "o o!r h9drance to ,*ri/ian progress 9 ,japan--:i*1 al?\gh ! la/ m5tion$1 is by no means ! lea/ s]i\s--,i mean ! e/imate =m$ by ! natives ( ! practical influ5ce ( ! ,*ri/ian religion ^u ,engli% p & ^u o!r nations pr(ess+ x4 ,apply+ to ,*ri/ianity ! te/ ( its results1 !y urge t x has1 at any rate1 only v p>tially succe$$4 ,= in/ance1 ! ,japanese comm5t ^u ! fact t numb]s ( ,engli%m5 9 ,japan nev] att5d ! s]vices ( _! ,*ur*2 & t ! lives ( _m ( !m display a flagrant disreg>d = ! pr9ciples :i* %\ld regulate ! conduct ( ,*ri/ians4 ,)\t1 h[ev]1 d5y+ ei!r ! ju/ice ( ^! *>ges1 or ! reasonabl5ess ( ! mood :i* advances !m1 ,i ?9k x may be urg$ ) fairness t ! influ5ce ( ,*ri/ianity on u z a nation _c rightly be e/imat$ 9 ?is p>ticul> way4 ,z a rule1 ! ,engli%man c sc>cely be said to appe> to advantage abroad4 ,too (t5 he assumes an attitude ( insol5t sup]iority to ! p ^: gue/ he is2 :ile ! position 9 :i* our c\ntrym5 are plac$ 9 a c\ntry l ,japan--c\pl$ ) ! fre$om f re/ra9t1 s mu* great] ?an at home--has1 = reasons :i* we ne$ n n[ ent] into1 its peculi> difficulties4 ,nei!r is x by any means c]ta9 t a ,japanese1 pay+ a %ort visit to ,engl&1 w ga!r any j impression ( :at hold ,*ri/ianity has on u z a p4 ,9 all probability ! range ( 8 obs]vations w be v limit$ & sup]ficial2 8 w&]+s w be *iefly conf9$ to ! great ?or\ghf>es ( ! pr9cipal cities2 :ile ! circle ( 8 acqua9tance w1 x is likely1 be equally re/rict$1 & equally unrepres5tative ( ,engli% life4 ,n t1 9 say+ ?is1 we w\ld seek to excuse ourselves1 or d5y t !re is f> m tru? ?an we c\ld wi%1 & ?an !re ought to be1 9 ! *>ges br\ght aga9/ u4 ,we w\ld m]ely submit t !re is ano!r side to ! picture :i* ought n1 9 fairness1 to be ov]look$4 ,admitt+ z we mu/1 = in/ance1 ! great preval5ce ( infidelity 9 our ,engl& ( to-day1 !re is yet to be plac$ ov] aga9/ x1--& may ,i n add1 draw+ x out into ! light8--! increas$ activity ( ! ,*ur* dur+ ?is la/ half-c5tury1 ! rem>kable p[] %e has exhibit$ ( adapt+ h]self to meet ! ne$s ( h] times1 ! influ5ce = good t %e has n only be5 9 ! pa/1 b rema9s at ! pres5t day1 9 ! nation at l>ge1 & 9 ?\s&s & ?\s&s ( ,engli% homes4 8,by _! fruits ye %all "k !m03 & ,*ri/ianity mu/ n & ne$ n deprecate ! application ( t te/ to h]self4 ,only1 we w\ld urge1 t is n a fair judgm5t1 :i* takes acc\nt only ( :at ! ,*ur* ( ,jesus ,*ri/ has fail$ to d1 )\t recogniz+ also all t1 9 ! /r5g? ( h] ,div9e ,head1 %e has be5 p]mitt$ to accompli%4 ,v4 ,,*ri/ianity ,,9 ,,japan4 ,i propose n[ to place be=e my read]s "s acc\nt ( ! v>i\s ,missions at "w 9 ,japan4 ,i am enabl$ to d ?is ! bett] f hav+ obta9$1 9 ! c\rse ( my visit1 a useful table1 compil$ by ! ,rev4 ,h4 ,loomis1 ( ! ,am]ican ,bible ,society1 ,yokohama1 giv+ /ati/ics ( ! diff]5t organizations up to ! beg9n+ ( ! ye> #ahic4 ,! plan adopt$ by ,mr4 ,loomis is to arrange 8 /ati/ics into ?ree classes3 7#a7 8,prote/ant ,missions10 7#b7 8,ca?olic ,missions10 & 7#c7 8,! ,greek ,*ur* 9 ,japan40 ,"u ! head ( 8,prote/ant ,missions10 are includ$ ! ,*ur* ( ,engl&1 ! ,episcopal ,*ur* ( ,am]ica1 a l>ge numb] ( o!r ,am]ican d5om9ations1 ! ,presbyt]ian ,*ur* ( ,scotl&1 ! ,swiss ,evangelical ,prote/ant ,mission1 ! ,society ( ,fri5ds1 ,u4,s4,a41 ,univ]sali/s1 ,unit>ians & o!rs2 :ile "u ! head ( 8,ca?olic ,missions0 we f9d p>ticul>s ( only "o bran* ( ! ,holy ,ca?olic ,*ur*--! ,*ur* ( ,rome4 ,?is is n ! arrangem5t ,i %\ld h made myself2 b1 z a matt] ( conv5i5ce1 we w foll[ x m or less closely47#bi7 ,x is "r to add t ( ! ?irty 8,prote/ant ,missions0 sev5 are gr\p$ toge!r "u ! title ( ! 8,*ur* ( ,*ri/ 9 ,japan10 & "w1 x w\ld appe>1 9 g5]al h>mony on ,presbyt]ian pr9ciples4 ,9 ! same way1 ! ,am]ican ,episcopal ,*ur*1 ! ,*ur* ( ,engl&--repres5t$ by bo? ! ,*ur* ,mission>y ,society & ! ,society = ! ,propagation ( ! ,gospel--& ! ,mission ( ,wyckliffe ,college1 ,canada1 are associat$ toge!r2 leav+ "s tw5ty sects work+ indep5d5tly47#cj7 ,be=e1 h[ev]1 proce$+ to an exam9ation ( ,mr4 ,loomis' table1 we mu/ briefly obs]ve ! pa/ hi/ory ( ,*ri/ianity 9 ,japan4 ,?is dates f ! arrival ( ,/4 ,francis ,xavi] 9 #aedi1 sev5 ye>s aft] ! c\ntry 0 discov]$ by ! ,portuguese4 ,= "s :ile ! mission>ies 7 p]mitt$ to prosecute _! "w )\t mole/ation1 & consid]able progress 0 be+ effect$4 ,a deputation ( native prie/s appeal$ to ! ,tycoon1 b _! remon/rances 7 unhe$$4 ,) ?irty-five religi\s sects already repres5t$ 9 ,japan1 ! c\ntry1 he answ]$1 might v well f9d room = a ?irty-six? religion1 viz4 ,*ri/ianity4 ,pres5tly1 h[ev]1 ! ,jesuits be+ foll[$ by ! ,dom9icans & ,franciscans1 mutual factions broke out2 :ile1 elat$ by _! success1 "s ( ! mission>ies began to adopt an attitude ( high-h&$ intol]ance & int]f]5ce4 ,= ! fir/ "t 9 _! hi/ory1 ! ,japanese f\nd !mselves entangl$ 9 all ! turmoil & animosity ( religi\s /rife4 ,9 #aehg ! fir/ p]secution ( ! ,*ri/ians took place1 b app>5tly soon subsid$4 ,! w>n+1 h[ev]1 0 disreg>d$2 & ! fatal policy ( arrogance & oppression 0 /ill p]si/$ 94 ,native prie/s 7 put to dea?2 ,buddhi/ mona/]ies 7 de/roy$2 ! ,inquisition 0 set up4 ,9 #afad we f9d a ,japanese embassy despat*$ to ,rome1 9 ord]1 s x is said1 to make an act ( submission to ! spiritual supremacy ( ! ,pope4 ,mean:ile ! ,dut*1 jeal\s ( ! position t 0 be+ ga9$ by ! ,portuguese trad]s1 accus$ ! ,roman propag&i/s to ! ,japanese au?orities ( aim+ at a t]ritorial asc5d5cy2 & t intrigues 7 actually be+ c>ri$ on by ! ,jesuits = ! ov]?r[ ( ! ,%ogun !re seems little d\bt4 ,9 ! massacre :i* ensu$ sev]al ?\s& ,*ri/ians 7 put to dea?4 8,_! unfl9*+ devotion compels our admiration4 ,"o may se>* ! grim hi/ory ( e>ly ,*ri/ian m>tyrology )\t f9d+ any?+ to surpass ! h]oism ( ! ,roman ,ca?olic ,m>tyrs ( ,japan4 ,burnt on /akes made ( crosses1 torn limb f limb1 buri$ alive1 !y yet refus$ to recant4 ,we are told ( "o ,jesuit prie/1 ,*ri/oph] ,f]reya1 :o1 aft] endur+ horrible tortures1 0 at l5g? hung by 8 feet 9 su* a way t 8 head 0 buri$ 9 a hole 9 ! gr\nd f :i* air & light 7 exclud$4 ,8 "r-h& 0 left loose t he might make ! sign ( recantation4 ,he hung = f\r h\rs1 & !n made ! sign2 :]eupon1 ) a r>e ref9em5t ( cruelty1 he 0 appo9t$ ! presid5t ( ! tribunal be=e :i* ,*ri/ians 7 br\ght = condemnation4 ,!n1 aft] a lull1 9 #afcg ?\s&s ( ,*ri/ians rose 9 arm$ rebellion4 ,aft] two mon?s !y 7 =c$ to surr5d]1 & #cg1jjj 7 slaught]$4 ,/]n decrees 7 !n issu$1 =bidd+ ! admission ( any =eign vessel2 an exception be+ made 9 fav\r ( ! ,*9ese & ,dut*4 ,= m ?an two hundr$ ye>s1 notice-bo>ds /ood beside highways1 f]ries1 & m\nta9-passes1 conta9+1 among o!r prohibitions1 ! foll[+3--#8,s long z ! sun %all w>m ! e>?1 let no ,*ri/ian be s bold z to come to ,japan2 & let all "k t ! ,k+ ( ,spa9 himself1 or ! ,*ri/ians' ,god1 or ! great ,god ( all1 if he violate ?is comm&m5t1 %all pay = x ) 8 head4' ,= c5turies ! "n #8,*ri/ian' w\ld blan* ! *eek & pale ! lip4 ,*ri/ianity 0 rememb]$ only z an awful sc> on ! national annals4 ,b 9 ! ,s\!rn ,isl& ! sm\ld]+ fire 0 nev] q ext+ui%$2 :ile1 z rec5tly z #ahbi1 six m5 & an old woman 7 crucifi$ at ,osaka407#ca7 ,at ! "t ( ! clos+ ( ! c\ntry to =eign]s1 an exception 0 made ( ! "o port ( ,nagasaki1 ! sc5e ( ! f9al great massacre1 :5 ?\s&s ( native ,*ri/ians 7 hurl$ f a rocky islet into ! sea4 ,"h1 h[ev]1 z has be5 already m5tion$1 ! ,dut* 7 ! only ,europeans p]mitt$ to trade2 !y be+ closely conf9$ to ! small isl& ( ,de%ima4 ,9 addition to hav+ pay a heavy r5tal1 !y 7 subject$ to ! close/ espionage1 n be+ suff]$1 "u any circum/ances1 to pass beyond ! n>r[ limits assign$ to !m4 ,sev]al times 9 ea* ye> !y 7 summon$ be=e ! au?orities1 & requir$ to tread "u foot ! ,crucifix1 & o!r symbols ( ! ,ca?olic ,fai?4 ,sev]al ( ! trampl+-bo>ds employ$ on ^! occasions are /ill to be se5 at ! ,u5o ,museum1 ,tokio4 ,! ,dut*1 x w\ld appe>1 quiet$ any qualms ( consci5ce by reg>d+ _! action z am\nt+ to an abnegation1 n ( ,*ri/ianity1 b ( ,romanism4 ,x 0 n until ?irty ye>s ago t int]c\rse betwe5 ,japan & o!r nations began to be resum$2 & t1 aft] a %ort p]iod ( ill-feel+ & suspicion1 circum/ances 7 br\ght ab\t :i* enabl$ bo? ,roman ,ca?olics & o!r ,*ri/ians to "w )\t h9drance4 ,9 #ahgb ! int]dict aga9/ ,*ri/ianity 0 =mally remov$2 & ! release f imprisonm5t & return f bani%m5t ( hundr$s ( ,*ri/ians took place4 ,su* is ! pa/ hi/ory ( ,*ri/ianity 9 ,japan4 ,x has1 inde$1 its elem5ts ( glori\s & h]oic m>tyrdom1 b x has elem5ts1 also1 on :i* few ( u c look back )\t a deep s5se ( %ame4 ,let u tru/ t by ?is "t ! p ( ,japan h come to und]/& t ! conflict ( _! =efa!rs 0 n ) ,*ri/ianity1 b r ) ,*ri/ians :o _h =gott5 8:at _s !y 7 (40 ,turn+ n[ to ! condition ( ,*ri/ian ,missions at ! pres5t day1 x seems "r to comm5ce ) ^? ( ! ,roman ,*ur*4 ,n only has ! ,roman ,*ur* 9 ,japan a hi/ory :i* ext5ds ov] ?ree hundr$ ye>s1 b x reckons at ! pres5t "t consid]ably m ?an d\ble ! numb] ( adh]5ts claim$ by any o!r ,*ri/ian body4 ,! ,roman influ5ce has be5 p>ticul>ly successful 9 ! ,goto ,isl&s1 9 ! neighb\rhood ( ,nagasaki1 :]e ! devot$ lab\rs ( ! mission>ies h won ov] a consid]able portion ( ! population4 ,to come to ! /ati/ics4 ,^! give "o ,ar*bi%op1 ?ree ,bi%ops1 sev5ty-eight mission>y1 & fifte5 native prie/s1 ) ov] #cjj 7native7 m9or cl]gy & cate*i/s2 #ahe *ur*es & *apels1 ) #bdd congregations4 ,sev5ty-six si/]s ( ! ,ord] ( ,/4 ,paul de ,*>tres are /ation$ 9 ,japan1 & !re are fur!r n9ete5 native novices4 ,o!r /ati/ics include sev5te5 orphanages1 ) an av]age ( ov] #ajj *ildr52 tw5ty ,indu/rial ,s*ools2 eight ,nurs+ e/abli%m5ts2 a ,hospital = ! ,ag$2 & a ,hospital = ,lep]s1 ) sixty-two inmates1 situat$ at ,gotemba1 at ! foot ( ,fuji-san4 ,! numb] ( infant baptisms = #ahib is giv5 z1 *ildr5 ( ,*ri/ian p>5ts #a1ccg1 & ,hea!n p>5ts #a1aff2 ^!1 ) #b1hjf adult baptisms1 & =ty-five 8conv]sions ( h]etics10 br++ ! total ( baptisms & conv]sions = ! ye> to #e1ced4 ,! "w t is be+ done by ! ,roman mission>ies is comm5d$ on all sides2 a prom95t feature 9 _! me?ods be+ a consid]ation =1 & adaptation to1 ! habits & prejudices ( ! p1 t greatly facilitate _! progress1 especially among ! poor ( ! c\ntry di/ricts4 ,! :ole numb] ( ,roman ,ca?olics 9 ,japan am\nts1 z has be5 said already1 to ab\t #de1jjj4 ,i pass on to speak ( ! condition ( ! ,greek1 or ,or?odox ,russian1 ,*ur* 9 ,japan2 ^: relations ) ! ,*ur* ( ,engl& are "h1 z else:]e1 ( a fri5dly ?\gh n1 ( c\rse1 ( a v intimate "*4 ,its head-qu>t]s are at ,tokio1 :]e an impos+ ,ca!dral1 situat$ on high gr\nd & 9 a c5tral position1 has rec5tly be5 erect$4 ,un=tunately our in=mation 9 ?is case is v incomplete2 b assum+ ! correctness ( ! numb]s be=e u1 "o is /ruck by ! paucity ( mission>y cl]gy1 viz4 "o bi%op & ?ree prie/s4 ,to ^! mu/ be add$ eighte5 native cl]gy1 & #abh unorda9$ tea*]s & work]s4 ,!re are 9 all #bai congregations4 ,! numb] ( adult baptisms 9 #ahib is giv5 z #ieb2 & ! total memb]%ip at ! pres5t "t exce$s #bj1jjj4 ,scanty z ^! details are1 !y indicate mu* activity & progress4 ,! proximity ( ,russian t]ritory to ,japan--,vladivo/ock be+ only "s #gjj miles ,n4 ( ,nagasaki--is1 ( c\rse1 a circum/ance highly fav\rable to ! ,or?odox ,mission4 ,com+ n[ to ! v>i\s bodies arrang$ by ,mr4 ,loomis "u ! title ( 8,prote/ant10 we w take fir/ ! ,nippon ,sei ,kokwai1 or ,*ur* ( ,japan1 :i* is ! "n giv5 to ! union =m$ by ! ,missions ( ! ,am]ican ,episcopal ,*ur*1 ! ,*ur* ( ,engl&1 & ! ,engli% ,*ur* 9 ,canada4 ,x is1 h[ev]1 only fair to say t ! total numb] ( adh]5ts ( ! ,nippon ,sei ,kokwai are greatly less ?an half ! numb] claim$ by ! ,presbyt]ian ,*ur*es1 z also by ! ,*ur*es ( ! ,am]ican ,bo>d's ,mission4 ,! ,missions1 !n1 ( ! ,am]ican ,*ur* & ( ! ,*ur* ( ,engl& are to a great ext5t work$ indep5d5tly ( ea* o!r1 ea* be+ "u its own ,episcopal control2 b at ! same "t1 ! two ,*ur*es enjoy1 ( c\rse1 full int]communion1 & are practically "o1--(t5 tak+ c\nsel toge!r1 & divid+ ! v>i\s di/ricts by mutual arrangem5t 9 su* a way z to make ! be/ use ( _! res\rces4 ,to ! ,am]ican ,*ur* belongs ! hon\r ( be+ ! fir/ body to comm5ce ,*ri/ian "w 9 ,japan 9 ! pres5t c5tury2 ! ,rev4 ,c4 ,m4 ,williams1 aft]w>ds ,bi%op = ,japan & ,*9a1 e/abli%+ himself at ,tokio 9 #ahei1 & proce$+ at once to translate portions ( ! ,bible & ,pray]-,book1 hold s]vices = ! b5efit ( ,engli%-speak+ p1 & set on foot s*emes = ! /udy ( our language4 ,!re are n[ twelve mission>y cl]gy at "w1 & tw5ty-"o female mission>ies2 toge!r ) sev5 native cl]gy & n9ete5 unorda9$ work]s & prea*]s4 ,( ! tw5ty-sev5 organiz$ *ur*es only "o is :olly self-support+4 ,! numb] ( baptisms 9 #ahib 01 adults #bjh1 *ildr5 fifty-eight2 :ile ! total memb]%ip am\nts to ov] #a1djj1 ) a l numb] ( *ildr5 receiv+ in/ruction 9 ,sunday ,s*ools4 ,9 #ahgc1 ,dr4 ,h5ry ,lam+ 0 appo9t$ mission>y physician1 & arriv$ at ,osaka1 :]e he has done & is /ill do+ an excell5t "w4 ,a good deal ( secul> educational "w is also c>ri$ on 9 connexion ) ! mission4 ,illu/ration4 ,sket* ,map ( ,japan4 ,we next come to ! "w ( ! ,*ur* ,mission>y ,society1 :i* comm5c$ op]ations 9 ,japan 9 #ahfi4 ,! ,society has n[ tw5ty-two mission>y & sev5 native cl]gy engag$2 =ty-two female mission>ies1 & sixty unorda9$ prea*]s4 ,( its sixte5 organiz$ *ur*es "o is self-support+4 ,! numb] ( baptisms 9 #ahib 01 adults #bfg1 *ildr5 #aba2 & ! total memb]%ip at ! pres5t "t am\nts to #b1abf1 ) #fjj *ildr5 9 ,sunday ,s*ools4 ,! ,society = ! ,propagation ( ! ,gospel comm5c$ "w 9 #ahgc2 & has its headqu>t]s at ,tokio4 ,! "w ( ! two ,community ,missions1 f\nd$ by ,bi%op ,bick]/e? 9 #ahhg1 is app>5tly includ$ 9 ! /ati/ics assign$ to ! ,s4 ,p4 ,g4 9 ! table be=e u4 ,at ,/4 ,&rew's ,univ]sity ,mission1 five cl]gy--all ( :om are ,univ]sity ,graduates1--live 9 community ) sev]al native /ud5ts prep>+ = ,ord9ation1 :ile at ,/4 ,hilda's ,mission1 a /aff ( ,engli% ladies is engag$ 9 "w1 :i* includes s*ools1 a hospital1 & a home = mission wom54 ,bo? ^! ,missions are support$ by ! 8,guild ( ,/4 ,paul10--a society :i* has bran*es all ov] ,engl&1--^: occasional pap]s are full ( int]e/+ in=mation4 ,sev]al o!r prie/s ( ! ,s4 ,p4 ,g4 are engag$ at v>i\s mission /ations2 & ^!1 ) sev5 native m9i/]s1 make 9 all "s n9ete5 cl]gy at "w 9 ,japan4 ,! adult baptisms 9 #ahib numb]$ #aea1 & ! memb]%ip at ! pres5t "t is giv5 z #ghd4 ,! ,wyckliffe ,college ,mission 0 s5t out by ! ,canadian ,*ur* 9 #ahhh4 ,at pres5t x provides only ?ree cl]gy1 :o are engag$ at ,nagoya1 a fl\ri%+ comm]cial city situat$ ab\t midway betwe5 ,kyoto & ,tokio4 ,bi%op ,bick]/e?1 h[ev]1 9 8 rec5t ,pa/oral ,lett]1 ref]s to its "w 9 hopeful & appreciative t]ms4 ,! total numb] ( adh]5ts ( ! ,nippon ,sei ,kokwai w ?us be se5 to be ab\t #d1cjj 7) upw>ds ( #b1jjj ,sunday ,s*ol>s72 & ( ^! ! ,*ur* ( ,engl& c claim b>ely #c1jjj4 ,at ! same "t evid5ce is by no means lack+ t ! "w is be+ c>ri$ on ^u ?or\ghly s\nd pr9ciples & along "r l9es2 & !re are _m reasons = believ+ t1 ) adequate res\rces1 a future awaits x1 "u ,god1 f> exce$+ ! calculations t might be sugge/$ by its pres5t num]ical /r5g?4 ,"s ( ! read]s ( ^! pages may1 possibly1 be 9 great] sympa?y ) ! g5]al position ( ! ,s4 ,p4 ,g4 ?an ( ! ,c4 ,m4 ,s2 b no consid]ation ( ?is sort %\ld all[ u to be inappreciative ( ! spl5did "w :i* ! ,c4 ,m4 ,s4 has done 9 ! pa/1 & is /ill do+ 9 non-,*ri/ian c\ntries4 ,its *ief c5tre 9 ,japan is at ,osaka1 ano!r huge comm]cial city1 "s tw5ty miles f ,kyoto :]e !re is a consid]able ,european settlem5t4 ,bi%op ,bick]/e?--z does also ! ,am]ican ,bi%op1 ,dr4 ,williams7#cb7--resides at ,tokio1 ! capital2 :]e ! s]vices at ,/4 ,&rew's ,*ur*1 adjo9+ ! ,episcopal resid5ce1 are su* z may well gladd5 ! he>t ( an ,engli% ,*ur*man1 :o f9ds himself #aa1jjj miles f home4 ,!y include1 ,i may m5tion1 a ,daily ,celebration4 ,a /rik+ feature ( ! ,nippon ,sei ,kokwai is pres5t$ 9 its ,bi5nial ,synods1 ?ree1 if n f\r1 ( :i* h already be5 held4 ,! ,synods are compos$ ( cl]gy & laity1 e congregation ( tw5ty p]sons be+ entitl$ to s5d its repres5tative2 & !y indicate a /age ( organization r>ely1 if ev]1 atta9$ to by s y\?ful a ,*ur*4 ,9 a ^w1 :at is be+ aim$ at ?r\gh\t is n to ,europeanize1 b to ,*ri/ianize2 n to =m a 8bran* ( ! ,*ur* ( ,engl&10 b to e/abli%1 on ^? l9es ( ,ca?olic & ,apo/olic ,*ri/ianity :i* we believe ! ,*ur* ( ,engl& fai?fully repres5ts1 a ,japanese ,*ur*1 :i* may be committ$1 z soon z ev] circum/ances all[1 entirely into ! h&s ( ! ,japanese !mselves4 ,! ,bi%op's ,pa/oral ,lett] to 8 ,cl]gy 7,adv5t #ahib7 treats1 among o!r matt]s1 ( ! ,m>riage ,law ( ! ,*ur*1 ( ,old ,te/am5t ,criticism1--9 ! c\rse ( 8 comm5ts ^u :i*1 he makes ! quotation1 8,! c5tral object ( our ,fai? is n ! ,bible1 b our ,"l0--& ( ! ,bi%op ( ,l9coln's case4 ,x exhibits ?r\gh\t a tone ( e>ne/ ,ca?olicity1 ( sanctifi$ prud5ce1 & ( ,apo/olic *>ity4 ,! ,bi%op's obs]vations on ! confirmation by ! ,privy ,c\ncil ( ! ,lambe? ,judgm5t w be read ) satisfaction by _m3-- 8,! pr9ciple ( all[$ v>iety 9 matt]s ( ritual has n[ be5 au?oritatively recogniz$4 ,su* recognition is ess5tial to ! welf>e ( a great & liv+ ,*ur* 9 our day4 ,among o!r good results :i* may foll[ f ! decision1 ,i _c b hope w be ! lib]ation ( ! en]gies & int]e/s ( a great & hi/oric p>ty1 hi!rto f> too closely conf9$ )9 ! b\nd>ies ( our own c\ntry1 = wid] & m ext5d$ "w1 above all 9 ea/]n c\ntries4 ,its own position is n[ legally secur$4 ,any out/&+ que/ions ( ritual c\ld be spe$ily settl$ by ! application to !m ( ! same pr9ciples :i* are embodi$ 9 ! rec5t judgm5ts4 ,?is is s pla9 t probably no su* decisions w be *all5g$4 ,may x n !n be hop$ t !re w %ortly be a m>k$ cessation ( controv]sy at home1 z = "s ye>s pa/ we are told !re has be5 9 our si/] ,*ur* 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 & co9cid5tly a f> m det]m9$ ef=t on ! "p ( ! :ole ,*ur* ?an has yet be5 kn[n1 inspir$ & su/a9$ by ! ,holy ,_s ( ,tru?1 to w9 ! ,ea/ to ! ,fai? ( ,*ri/80 ,we come next to ! ,*ur* ( ,*ri/ 9 ,japan1 ano!r amalgamation ( religi\s bodies2 compris+1 9 ?is case1 ! ,presbyt]ian ,*ur* ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 two or ?ree o!r ,am]ican sects1 & ! ,unit$ ,presbyt]ian ,*ur* ( ,scotl&4 ,by f> ! great] numb] ( d5om9ations engag$ 9 ,japan are ( ,am]ican orig92 & ?is is1 practically1 an ,am]ican "w2 ! ,scot* ,presbyt]ians be+ repres5t$ by only two mission>ies ) a s+le /ation1 & only jo9+ ! ,mission 9 #ahge--;fifte5 ye>s aft] two ( ! ,am]ican bodies _h comm5c$ _! "w4 ,! numb] ( male mission>ies 9 connexion ) ?is movem5t am\nts to fifty-two2 & to ^! mu/ be add$ fifty-?ree native m9i/]s1 #ajj female mission>ies1 & ov] #ajj lay prea*]s & work]s4 ,( ! sev5ty-f\r organiz$ *ur*es no less ?an "o-?ird are :olly self-support+4 ,baptisms 9 #ahib 71 adults #ghi1 *ildr5 #ajj2 & ! total pres5t memb]%ip am\nts to #aa1aij1 ) ov] #b1jjj *ildr5 9 ,sunday ,s*ools4 ,! fact t ! ,presbyt]ians ( ,japan h rec5tly adopt$ ! ,apo/les' ,cre$ z _! ,confession ( ,fai?1 9 place ( ! =mul>ies ) :i* _! bodies h hi!rto be5 associat$1 is h>dly ! occasion = satisfaction t w\ld at fir/ sight appe>2 ! c\rse 9 "q be+1 ,i und]/&1 to "s ext5t due to ! preval5ce ( views simil> to ^? held by a l>ge numb] ( ! ,congregationali/s ( ,japan1 to :i* ,i %all pres5tly ref]4 ,! "w ( ! ,presbyt]ians h[ev]1 mu/ be acc\nt$ among ! mo/ successful ef=ts = ! evangelization ( ! c\ntry2 :ile !y h _h f ! beg9n+ ! advantage ( be+ support$ by m5 ( national reputation & position4 ,we come n[ to ! ,kumi-ai ,*ur*es 9 connexion ) ! ,am]ican ,bo>d's ,mission2 i4e4 ! ,congregationali/s4 ,?is "w owes its f\ndation to a ,japanese g5tleman1--a ,mr4 ,neesima1--:o 0 conv]t$ to ,*ri/ianity1 :il/ on a visit to ,am]ica4 ,its head-qu>t]s are at ,kyoto4 ,/>t+ 9 #ahfi--sev]al ye>s aft] ! ,presbyt]ians1 _! relations ) :om are ( a cordial "*1--! ,congregationali/s v closely approa* !m 9 num]ical /r5g?4 ,! ,mission is work$ by tw5ty-six mission>y & tw5ty-eight native m9i/]s2 ) fifty-sev5 female mission>ies & #ajj lay ag5ts4 ,( n9ety-two organiz$ *ur*es "o half are self-support+2 a l>ge proportion ( ! conv]ts belong+ to ! middle & upp] classes4 #a1jif adults 7 baptiz$ 9 #ahib & sixty-six *ildr54 ,total adh]5ts #aj1gjj1 ) upw>ds ( #f1jjj *ildr5 9 ,sunday ,s*ools4 ,9 connexion ) ?is ,mission is a l>ge college1 9 :i* ! great] numb] ( ! /ud5ts are ,*ri/ians1 & _m ( ^! c&idates = ! m9i/ry2 & m5tion mu/ also be made ( two hospitals "u ! c>e ( mission>y physicians4 ,! above figures1 )\t d\bt1 be> witness to great en]gy on ! "p ( ! ,congregationali/ body2 & x is ) regret t we f9d ourselves compell$ to reg>d !m ) some:at modifi$ satisfaction4 8,speak+ g5]ally1 x _c be too cle>ly felt t sy/ems :i* d n def9itely tea* ! tru?s conta9$ 9 ! ,apo/olic & ,nic5e ,cre$s1 :atev] b5efits may accrue to individuals f ! moral tea*+ :i* !y imp>t1 are n m]ely negative 9 t5d5cy & results1 b ret>d ! progress ( ! ,k+dom ( ,*ri/ 9 ,ea/]n l&s40 ,su* are ! weighty words ( ,bi%op ,bick]/e?17#cc7 ! occasion :i* drew !m =? be+ ! adoption by ! ,congregationali/s ( ,japan ( ! foll[+ ,decl>ation ( ,belief3--8,we believe 7i7 9 ! ,"o ,god1 7ii7 9 ,jesus ,*ri/ :o came on e>? to save s9n]s1 7iii7 9 ! ,holy ,_s f ,:om we receive new life1 7iv7 9 ! ,bible :i* %ews u ! way ( salvation1 & 7v7 9 ,baptism & ! ,holy ,supp]1 9 puni%m5ts & rew>ds giv5 by ,god accord+ to our m]its1 9 ev]la/+ life if we are righte\s1 & 9 ! ,resurrection ( ! ,dead40 ,sev]al ( ! clauses 9 ?is /atem5t are op5 to grave objection2 b ! fact t ! second clause 0 delib]ately adopt$ 9 place ( ! words1 89 ,jesus ,*ri/1 ! ,only-,begott5 ,son ( ,god1 ,:o suff]$ & di$ to atone = ! s9s ( ! _w0--an alt]ation :i* 0 he>tily welcom$ by ! ,unit>ians ( ,japan--is full ( pa9ful significance4 ,! ,bi%op1 :ile express+ 8 ?ankfulness t !re are l>ge numb]s 9 ! ,congregationali/ body1 :o h no %>e 9 ! prevail+ scepticism1 po9ts out t 9 deal+ ) o!rs1 ) :om ?is is n ! case1 no?+ c be ga9$ by any attempt at co-op]ation4 8,at su* times a sev]e exclusiv5ess may be ! true/ exhibition ( a he>tfelt sympa?y40 ,to ! rema9+ ,missions at "w 9 ,japan we c only v briefly ref]4 ,! ,am]ican ,me?odi/ ,episcopal ,*ur* has eighte5 mission>ies & tw5ty-n9e native m9i/]s2 fifty-eight *ur*es2 & a total foll[+ ( ne>ly #d1jjj1 exclusive ( *ildr5 9 ,sunday ,s*ools4 ,! ,canadian ,me?odi/s numb] ov] #a1hjj adults2 & ! ,bapti/ ,mission>y ,union 7,u4,s4,a47 ab\t #a1cjj4 ,two o!r ,am]ican sects place _! total at #ejj ea*4 ,! ,g]man ,swiss ,prote/ants numb] #bdj2 ! 8,univ]sali/s0 sev5ty-eight2 & ! ,society ( ,fri5ds 7,u4,s4,a47 =ty-?ree4 ,! ,sc&9avian ,*ur*1 ^: mission has only rec5tly comm5c$ its "w1 has sev5 cl]gy engag$2 & ! ,unit>ians are repres5t$ by two m9i/]s--my only reason = m5tion+ ^! la/-nam$ bodies toge!r be+ t no fur!r p>ticul>s ( ei!r are to h&4 ,b x is "t to be br++ ^! rem>ks to a conclusion4 ,we may1 !n1 decl>e ! total numb] 9 ,japan ( ^? pr(ess+ ,*ri/ianity 9 any =m--,i %\ld1 by ! way1 h m5tion$ t ! numb] ( male conv]ts w\ld appe> to exce$ by ab\t "o-?ird ! numb] ( wom51--to be n m ?an #ajj1jjj2 :ile ! entire population ( ! c\ntry is e/imat$ at f ?irty-eight to =ty millions4 ,9 o!r words1 n m ?an "o p]son 9 e #djj c be said to be1 9 any s5se1 a ,*ri/ian4 ,i emphasize ?is fact1 n because ,i ?9k x disc\rag+1 b because x seems becom+ ! fa%ion = ! cause ( ,*ri/ianity 9 ,japan to be spok5 ( z already won4 ,t ,japan has /ill great *anges & developm5ts to und]go 9 ! ne> future sc>cely admits ( "q4 8,! nation is work+ out its spiritual r$emption20 &1 z ,mr4 ,loomis well says 9 8 lett] to ,! ,*ri/ian be=e ref]r$ to1 8,z ,japanese society advances1 !re w be all ! m a place = ,*ri/ian influ5ce4 ,! social problems ( ! p c only f9d solution ?r\gh religion40 ,we may well believe & hope t1 z "t goes on1 ! true fai? ( ,jesus ,*ri/ & ( ,8 ,*ur* w m & m prevail4 ,s1 too1 we may rejoice t ! f\ndations h be5 laid1 & t "s real & /eady progress has be5 effect$2 we may hope t m is1 ev5 n[1 be+ accompli%$ by ! leav5 ( influ5ce ?an c at pres5t f9d place 9 tables & /ati/ics4 ,& yet1 z we look ! position boldly 9 ! face1 we mu/ see t elem5ts to occasion anxiety are by no means lack+2 & especially mu/ we see h[ mu* m rema9s to be done t has already be5 a*iev$4 ,! possibility ( "s =m ( ,*ri/ianity be+ adopt$ z ! national religion1 is a matt] z to ! desirability ( :i* x is extremely difficult to express an op9ion1 until ! proposition assumes a m def9ite %ape ?an is likely = "s "t to be ! case4 ,t bo? ,*ri/ianity & ,*ri/ians are subject$ to se>*+ criticism at ! h&s ( ! m educat$ natives we h already se52 :ile1 f "t to "t1 tid+s are receiv$ ( bitt] opposition enc\nt]$ by ^? engag$ 9 ! "w ( evangelization among ! poor ( ! c\ntry di/ricts4 ,moreov]1 9 t _s ( accommodation to :i* we h sev]al times ref]r$1 z =m+ s /rik+ a feature ( ! sy/em1 ,buddhism appe>s n[ to be /riv+ to ma9ta9 its position 9 ,japan1 by a re-/atem5t ( its doctr9es 9 su* t]ms z to place itself 9 accordance ) ! mod]n sy/ems ( philosophy1 :i* h f\nd su* fav\r & acceptance ) ! educat$ classes4 ,at ! same "t1 !re is1 )\t d\bt1 a widespread p]suasion ?r\gh\t ,japan--9 _m cases mo/ reluctantly arriv$ at--t ! =m] asc5d5cy ( ,buddhism has = ev] pass$ away4 8,a dull apa?y z reg>ds religion has settl$ d[n ^u ! educat$ classes ( ,japan4 ,! gods ( hea!nism h crumbl$ to no?+ be=e mod]n sci5ce & civilization1 & ! glimm] ( light & tru? to :i* !y po9t$ has gone z well407#cd7 ,sometimes1 aga91 ,*ri/ianity is spok5 ( by ,buddhi/s 9 t]ms :i* enc\rage u to hope t !re are ^? :o1 :ile !y h n z yet tak5 ! decisive /ep1 are /ill 8n f> f ! k+dom ( ,god40 ,take1 = examples1 ^! words ( a ,mr4 ,nakani%i4 8,x is ! glory ( mank9d t ,jesus liv$4 ,mu* t ,*ri/ taught w nev] decay4 ,did ,*ri/'s tea*+ come f man1 or f above man8 ,e ^w1 e phrase1 ( ,*ri/ %\ld influ5ce u4 ,9 ! ,f\r ,gospels1 ! noble/ & wise/ morality ( ! _w appe>s4 ,s simple is x1 s easily und]/ood & appli$4 #8,love ,god & love man1' z c5tral pr9ciples1 suffice to reg5]ate society & lead m5 to heav54 ,*ri/'s "* & tea*+s /& = ev]40 ,) a brief ref]5ce to "o or two fur!r po9ts sugge/$ by ,mr4 ,loomis' table1 ,i w br+ ?is1 my la/ *apt]1 to a close4 ,"o ( ^! is ! di/9ction he draws--& x is a di/9ction q wor? draw+--betwe5 m>ri$ & unm>ri$ mission>ies4 ,( c\rse1 ! ,roman cl]gy are all unm>ri$1 z are also ! f\r mission>ies ( ! ,or?odox ,*ur*2 b :5 we come to ! 8,prote/ant ,missions10 we f9d ! numb]s ( m>ri$ & unm>ri$ cl]gy to be #bje & ?irty-sev5 respectively4 ,inde$1 ) ! exception ( ! ,*ur* ( ,engl&1 ! ,sc&9avian ,alliance1 & ! ,am]ican ,me?odi/ ,episcopal ,*ur*1 :i* supply six ea*1 !re is no mission ) m ?an two unm>ri$ cl]gy1 & sev]al h n ev5 "o4 ,n[ x is c]ta9 t ?is is n ! way 9 :i* great mission "w has be5 done 9 ! pa/2 b is ! new] way bett] ?an ! old8 ,beyond obs]v+ t ! pres5ce ( female mission>ies is 9 a v special degree ne$$ 9 ,japan1 be !y ! wives ( ! cl]gy or n1 ,i w n presume to answ] t "q myself2 b ,i may1 p]haps1 be all[$ to record ! op9ion1 emphatically express$ to me1 ( "o :o has liv$ 9 ! ,ea/ = a great _m ye>s1 & is by no means 9 sympa?y ) ! compulsory celibacy ( ! ,roman prie/hood4 8,x is10 he rem>k$1 8f> too ha/ily assum$ t ! fact ( ! m>ri$ mission>y usually br++ ano!r valuable ally to ! "w suffici5tly det]m9es ! "q4 ,b ,i am conv9c$ t1 speak+ g5]ally1 x is to ! unm>ri$ mission>y t wid] opportunities ( usefulness are ext5d$4 ,nor is x m]ely t 8 movem5ts are entirely free & unhamp]$--t he is exempt f dome/ic obligations & anxieties--t he has m "t = /udy--& t he is ?r[n m 9 ! society ( 8 bro!r cl]gy4 ,z a man's *ildr5 beg9 to gr[ up1 educational & o!r consid]ations 9 connexion ) ^!1 urge ^u him ! desirability ( return+ home1 ) ! result t1 j z he has begun to ma/] ! difficulties ( language1 & to ent] into ! ?\ght & habits ( ! p1 8 place is tak5 by a tyro1 :o1 h[ev] well-mean+1 _c b h all 8 exp]i5ce to ga940 ,no d\bt1 !re is pl5ty ( room = bo? m>ri$ & unm>ri$ cl]gy 9 ! mission field2 b ! great prepond]ance ( ! m>ri$ 9 ! case be=e u may well s]ve to sugge/ ! consid]ation3--,might n m ( t l>ge & possibly increas+ numb] ( unm>ri$ cl]gy 9 ,engl& be drawn to take "p 9 a "w ( su* fasc9at+ int]e/--8a "w10 if ,i may once m quote ! words ( our ,bi%op 9 ,japan1 8t mu/ be done at once if x is to be done at all40 ,ano!r po9t t c sc>cely fail to /rike u z we exam9e ,mr4 ,loomis' /ati/ics1 is ! l>ge numb] ( 8dismissals & exclusions0 made by ^? bodies :i* supply in=mation "u ?is head1 & am\nt+ 9 "s cases to sev]al hundr$s 9 a ye>4 ,t su* measures are n resort$ to )\t grave reason may be assum$1 & t "s ex]cise ( discipl9e is especially necess>y 9 deal+ ) a "y & nasc5t *ur* admits ( no dispute4 ,!re is inde$ e reason to hope t by f> ! great] numb] ( conv]ts are actuat$ by an int5se s9c]ity1 & evid5ce ( ?is is af=d$ 9 ! self-sacrifice to :i* !y1 9 _m ways1 readily submit = ! ,fai? !y h embrac$4 ,b1 at ! same "t1 x is probable t ! numb]s 9 "q indicate an ev5 l>g] proportion ( 8failures10 ?an is ! case ) mission "w g5]ally2 & t !y po9t n only to losses ?r\gh 8back-slid+10 b to _m in/ances ( ins9c]ity on ! "p ( ^? pr(ess+ conv]sion4 ,x has be5 rem>k$ t x does n belong to ! ,japanese temp]am5t to 8take ?+s au gr& s]ieux20 & ?is *>act]i/ic ext5ds to matt]s ( religion4 ,! "y fell[1 = in/ance1 :o1 = "s reason or ano!r1 ?9ks x 8wor? 8 :ile0 to con=m to ,*ri/ianity = a "t1 w h ! v smalle/ scruples ab\t do+ s2 & t1 ) a semblance ( e>ne/ness t w baffle1 at any rate = "s "t1 ! c>eful scrut9y to :i* c&idates are rightly subject$ by mo/1 if n all1 ( ! mission>y bodies4 ,! mission>ies1 ,i fe>1 are (t5 impos$ on2 & yet--any?+1 surely1 is bett] ?an be+ ov] suspici\s & sev]e4 ,aft] all1 :at we want to d is to %[ ^! diff]5t nations to :om we g1 t ,*ri/ & ,8 ,*ur*1 & we1 ,8 memb]s1 d really c>e = !m1 alike 9 ?+s temporal & et]nal4 ,our ,fai?1 to be really prea*$1 ne$s to be boldly1 hopefully practis$4 ,& especially 9 ,japan1 :]e ! only idea t su* a phrase z 8et]nal life0 w\ld commonly sugge/ is t ( a s]ies ( pa9ful & endless transmigrations1 mu/ ,*ri/ianity be ready to prove h]self man's fri5d 9 ! ?+s ( ?is life1 if %e w\ld be look$ to ) confid5ce = ! ?+s t lie beyond4 ,,publications ,,( ,,! ,,society ,,= ,,promot+ ,,*ri/ian ,,k4 ,*ur* ,hymns4 ,new ,edition4 ,conta9+ #feh ,hymns4 ,words ,only4 ,edition ,a4 ,long ,prim]1 demy #ahmo4 ,9 v>i\s b9d+s f #as4 to #ds4 #f;d4 ,edition ,b4 ,small ,pica1 small po/ #hvo4 ,9 v>i\s b9d+s f #as4 #f;d4 to #ds4 #f;d4 ,edition ,c4 ,pe>l1 m$ium #cbmo4 ,pap] cov]1 #a;d42 limp clo?1 cut flu%1 #b;d4 ,edition ,d4 ,diamond1 m$ium #cbmo4 ,limp clo?1 cut flu%1 #d;d4 ,words ,& ,music4 ,edition ,e4 ,nonp>eil #hvo4 ,9 v>i\s b9d+s f #bs4 #d;d4 to #es4 #f;d4 ,edition ,f4 ,long ,prim]1 ,imp]ial #afmo4 ,9 v>i\s b9d+s f #ds4 #f;d4 to #is4 ,works ,by ,mrs4 ,rundle ,*>les1 ,au?or ,( 8,! ,*ronicles ( ! ,s*nb]g-,cotta ,family40 ,! ,beatitudes4 ,?\ghts = ,all ,sa9ts' ,day4 ,po/ #hvo4 ,clo? bo>ds4 #as4 8,by ! ,my/]y ( ,?y ,holy ,inc>nation40 ,po/ #hvo4 ,clo? bo>ds4 #as4 8,by ,?y ,cross & ,passion40 ,?\ghts on ! words spok5 ar\nd & on ! ,cross4 ,po/ #hvo4 ,clo? bo>ds4 #as4 8,by ,?y ,glori\s ,resurrection & ,asc5sion40 ,ea/] ,?\ghts4 ,po/ #hvo4 ,clo? bo>ds4 #as4 8,by ! ,com+ ( ! ,holy ,gho/40 ,?\ghts = ,:itsuntide4 ,po/ #hvo4 ,clo? bo>ds4 #as4 ,! ,true ,v9e4 ,po/ #hvo4 ,clo? bo>ds4 #as4 ,! ,great ,pray] ( ,*ri/5dom4 ,?\ghts on ! ,"l's ,pray]4 ,po/ #hvo4 ,clo? bo>ds4 #as4 ,an ,old ,/ory ( ,be?lehem4 ,"o l9k 9 ! great ,p$igree4 ,fcap4 #dto1 ) six plates1 beautifully pr9t$ 9 col\rs4 ,clo? bo>ds4 #bs4 ,joan ! ,maid1 ,deliv]] ( ,engl& & ,france4 ,demy #hvo4 ,clo? bo>ds4 #bs4 #f;d4 ,songs1 ,old & ,new4 ,demy #afmo4 ,clo? bo>ds4 #bs4 #f;d4 ,ecce ,ancilla ,dom9i4 ,m>y ! ,"m ( our ,"l4 ,/udies 9 ! ,ideal ( ,womanhood4 ,po/ #hvo4 ,clo? bo>ds4 #as4 #f;d4 ,ecce ,homo1 ,ecce ,rex4 ,pages f ! ,/ory ( ! ,moral ,conque/s ( ,*ri/ianity4 ,cr[n #hvo4 ,clo? bo>ds4 #bs4 #f;d4 ,?ree ,m>tyrs ( ! ,n9ete5? ,c5tury4 ,/udies f ! ,lives ( ,gordon1 ,liv+/one1 & ,patteson4 ,cr[n #hvo4 ,clo? bo>ds4 #bs4 #f;d4 ,m>tyrs & ,sa9ts ( ! ,fir/ ,twelve ,c5turies4 ,/udies f ! ,lives ( ! ,black-lett] ,sa9ts ( ! ,engli% ,cal5d>4 ,cr[n #hvo4 ,clo? bo>ds4 #cs4 #f;d4 ,aga9/ ! ,/ream4 ,! ,/ory ( an ,h]oic ,age 9 ,engl&4 ,) eight page woodcuts4 ,cr[n #hvo4 ,clo? bo>ds4 #bs4 #f;d4 ,conqu]+ & to ,conqu]4 ,a ,/ory ( ,rome 9 ! days ( ,/4 ,j]ome4 ,illu/rat$4 ,cr[n #hvo4 ,clo? bo>ds4 #bs4 ,attila & 8 ,conqu]ors4 ,a ,/ory ( ! days ( ,/4 ,patrick & ,/4 ,leo ! ,great4 ,cr[n #hvo4 ,clo? bo>ds4 #bs4 99,e>ly ,*ri/ian ,missions ( ,irel&1 ,scotl&1 & ,engl&499 ,cr[n #hvo4 ,clo? bo>ds4 #bs4 #f;d4 99,laps$1 n ,lo/499 ,a ,/ory ( ,roman ,c>?age4 ,cr[n #hvo4 ,clo? bo>ds4 #bs4 99,)9 ! ,veil499 ,/udies 9 ! ,epi/le to ! ,hebrews4 ,po/ #hvo4 ,clo? bo>ds4 #as4 99,! ,book ( ! ,unveil+499 ,/udies 9 ! ,revelation ( ,/4 ,john ! ,div9e4 ,po/ #hvo4 ,clo? bo>ds4 #as4 99,lady ,augu/a ,/anley499 ,rem9isc5ces4 #ahmo4 ,limp clo?4 #f;d4 99,sket*es ( ! ,wom5 ( ,*ri/5dom499 ,cr[n #hvo4 #bs4 #f;d4 99,?\ghts & ,*>act]s499 ,be+ ,selections f ! ,writ+s ( ,mrs4 ,,*>les4 ,cr[n #hvo4 ,clo? bo>ds4 #bs4 #f;d4 ,e>ly ,brita94 ,?is ,s]ies has = its aim ! pres5tation ( ,e>ly ,brita9 at great hi/oric p]iods4 ,ea* volume is ! "w ( an accr$it$ speciali/1 & ! :ole gives ! result ( rec5t critical exam9ations ( our ,e>ly ,records4 99,anglo-,saxon ,brita9499 ,by ! late ,,grant ,,all54 ,) ,map4 #bs4 #f;d4 99,celtic ,brita9499 ,by ,pr(essor ,,rhys4 ,) two ,maps4 #cs4 99,norman ,brita9499 ,by ! ,rev4 ,w4 ,,hunt4 ,) ,map4 #bs4 99,po/-,norman ,brita9499 ,by ,,h5ry ,g4 ,,hewlett4 ,) ,map4 #cs4 99,roman ,brita9499 ,by ! ,rev4 ,e4 ,,conybe>e4 ,) ,map4 #cs4 #f;d4 99,roman ,roads 9 ,brita9499 ,by ,,?omas ,,codr+ton1 ,m4,in/4 ,c4,e41 ,f4,g4,s4 ,) sev]al ,maps4 #es4 ,conv]sion ,( ,! ,we/4 ,^! are int5d$ to %[ ! condition ( ! *ief races ( ! ,we/ be=e !y 7 br\ght into contact ) ,*ri/ianity2 & h[ _! ,conv]sion 0 br\ght ab\t1 & ! imm$iate results4 99,fcap4 #hvo1 ) ,map1 clo? bo>ds1 #bs4 ea*499 99,! ,cont95tal ,teutons991 by ! late ,v ,rev4 ,c4 ,,m]ivale4 99,! ,engli%991 by ! late ,rev4 ,g4 ,f4 ,,macle>1 ,d4,d4 99,! ,nor?m5991 by ! late ,rev4 ,g4 ,f4 ,,macle>1 ,d4,d4 99,! ,slavs991 by ! late ,rev4 ,g4 ,f4 ,,macle>1 ,d4,d4 ,! ,dawn ,( ,european ,lit]ature4 ,a set ( ,works design$ to pres5t ! *ief races ( ,europe z !y em]ge out ( pre-hi/oric d>kness into ! light furni%$ by _! e>lie/ record$ words4 ,po/ #hvo1 clo? bo>ds1 #bs4 #f;d4 ea*4 ,anglo ,saxon ,lit]ature4 ,by ! ,rev4 ,pr(essor ,,e>le4 ,fr5* ,lit]ature4 ,by ! late ,,gu/ave ,,masson1 ,b4,a4 ,slavonic ,lit]ature4 ,by ,w4 ,r4 ,,morfill1 ,m4,a4 ,! ,greek ,epic4 ,by ,george ,c4 ,w4 ,,w>r1 ,m4,a4 #cs4 ,! ,fa!rs ,= ,engli% ,read]s4 ,a ,s]ies ( ,monograms on ! ,*ief ,fa!rs ( ! ,*ur*1 ! ,fa!rs select$ be+ c5tres ( influ5ce at important p]iods ( ,*ur* ,hi/ory1 & 9 important sph]es ( action4 ,fcap4 #hvo1 clo? bo>ds1 #bs4 ea*4 99,boniface994 ,by ! ,rev4 ,canon ,,gregory ,,smi?4 #as4 #f;d4 99,clem5t ( ,alex&ria994 ,by ! ,rev4 ,f4 ,r4 ,,montgom]y ,,hit*cock1 ,b4,d4 #cs4 99,leo ! ,great994 ,by ! ,"r ,rev4 ,c4 ,,gore1 ,d4,d4 99,gregory ! ,great994 ,by ! late ,rev4 ,j4 ,,b>mby1 ,b4,d4 99,sa9t ,ambrose993 8 ,life1 ,times1 & ,tea*+4 ,by ! ,rev4 ,r4 ,,?ornton1 ,d4,d4 99,sa9t ,a?anasius993 8 ,life & ,times4 ,by ! ,rev4 ,r4 ,,:el] ,,bu%4 #bs4 #f;d4 99,sa9t ,augu/9e994 ,by ! late ,rev4 ,e4 ,l4 ,,cutts1 ,d4,d4 99,sa9t ,basil ! ,great994 ,by ! ,rev4 ,r4 ,t4 ,,smi?1 ,b4,d4 99,sa9t ,b]n>d993 ,abbot ( ,clairvaux1 ,a4,d4 #ajia-aaec4 ,by ,rev4 ,s4 ,j4 ,eales4 #bs4 #f;d4 99,sa9t ,j]ome994 ,by ! late ,rev4 ,,edw>d ,l4 ,,cutts1 ,d4,d4 99,sa9t ,hil>y ( ,poiti]s1 & ,sa9t ,m>t9 ( ,t\rs499 ,by ! ,rev4 ,j4 ,,gibson ,,caz5ove1 ,d4,d4 99,sa9t ,john ( ,damascus994 ,by ! ,rev4 ,j4 ,h4 ,,lupton4 99,sa9t ,patrick993 8 ,life & ,tea*+4 ,by ! ,rev4 ,e4 ,j4 ,,newell1 ,m4,a4 #bs4 #f;d4 99,synesius ( ,cyr5e991 ,philosoph] & ,bi%op4 ,by ,,alice ,,g>dn]4 99,! ,apo/olic ,fa!rs994 ,by ! ,rev4 ,canon ,,scott ,,holl&4 99,! ,def5d]s ( ! ,fai?992 or1 ,! ,*ri/ian ,apologi/s ( ! ,second & ,?ird ,c5turies4 ,by ! ,rev4 ,f4 ,,watson1 ,d4,d4 99,! ,v5]able ,b$e994 ,by ! ,"r ,rev4 ,g4 ,f4 ,,br[ne4 ,! ,hi/ory ,( ,! ,anci5t ,peoples ,( ,! ,classic ,ea/4 ,by ,pr(essor ,,masp]o4 ,edit$ by ! ,rev4 ,pr(essor ,,sayce4 ,translat$ by ,m4 ,l4 ,,mcclure4 ,ea* volume conta9s ,maps1 col\r$ ,plates1 & num]\s o!r ,illu/rations4 ,demy #dto1 clo?1 bevell$ bo>ds4 ,volume ,i4 99,! ,dawn ( ,civilization3 ,egypt & ,*aldaea499 ,f\r? ,edition4 #bds42 half-morocco1 #dhs4 ,volume ,,ii4 99,! ,/ruggle ( ! ,nations3 ,egypt1 ,syria1 & ,assyria499 #bes42 half-morocco1 #ejs4 ,volume ,,iii4 99,! ,pass+ ( ! ,empires1 #hej 9999,b4,c49999--#ccj 9999,b4,c499 #bes42 half-morocco1 #ejs4 ,anci5t ,hi/ory ,f ,! ,monum5ts4 ,fcap4 #hvo1 clo? bo>ds1 #bs4 ea*4 99,assyria1 f ! ,e>lie/ ,times to ! ,fall ( ,n9eveh499 ,by ! late ,,george ,,smi?1 ( ! ,briti% ,museum4 ,a ,new & ,revis$ ,edition1 by ! ,rev4 ,pr(essor ,,sayce4 99,s9ai1 f ! ,f\r? ,egyptian ,dyna/y to ! ,pres5t ,day499 ,by ! late ,,h5ry ,s4 ,,palm]4 ,a ,new ,edition1 revis$ ?r\gh\t by ! ,rev4 ,pr(essor ,,sayce4 ,) ,map4 99,babylonia 7,! ,hi/ory (7499 ,by ! late ,,george ,,smi?4 ,edit$ & br\ght up to date by ! ,rev4 ,pr(essor ,,sayce4 99,p]sia1 f ! ,e>lie/ ,p]iod to ! ,arab ,conque/499 ,by ! late ,w4 ,s4 ,w4 ,,vaux1 ,m4,a4 ,a ,new & ,revis$ ,edition1 by ! ,rev4 ,pr(essor ,,sayce4 99,! 999989999,high] ,criticism999909999 & ! ,v]dict ( ! ,monum5ts499 ,by ! ,rev4 ,pr(essor ,a4 ,h4 ,,sayce4 ,demy #hvo4 ,buckram1 bevell$ bo>ds1 #gs4 #f;d4 ,*ief ,anci5t ,philosophies4 ,?is ,s]ies deals ) ! *ief sy/ems ( ,anci5t ,?\ght1 n m]ely z dry matt]s ( ,hi/ory1 b z hav+ a be>+ on ,mod]n ,speculation4 ,fcap4 #hvo1 clo? bo>ds1 #bs4 #f;d4 ea*4 99,neoplatonism499 ,by ! ,rev4 99,c4 ,bigg1 ,d4,d499 #cs4 99,platonism499 ,by ! ,rev4 ,,?omas ,b4 ,,/rong1 ,m4,a4 #cs4 99,epicureanism499 ,by ! late ,pr(essor ,,william ,,wallace4 99,/oicism499 ,by ,rev4 ,w4 ,w4 ,,capes1 ,fell[ ( ,h]t=d ,college4 99,ari/otelianism499 ,! ,e?ics ( ,ari/otle4 ,by ! ,rev4 ,i4 ,,gregory ,,smi?4 ,! ,logical ,treatises1 ! ,metaphysics1 ! ,psy*ology1 ! ,politics4 ,by ! ,rev4 ,w4 ,,grundy4 ,diocesan ,hi/ories4 ,?is ,s]ies furni%es a p]fect ,libr>y ( ,engli% ,ecclesia/ical ,hi/ory4 ,ea* volume is complete 9 itself1 & ! possibility ( repetition has be5 c>efully gu>d$ aga9/4 ,fcap4 #hvo1 ) ,map1 clo? bo>ds4 99,ba? & ,wells499 ,by ! ,rev4 ,w4 ,,hunt4 #bs4 #f;d4 99,cant]bury499 ,by ! late ,rev4 ,r4 ,c4 ,,j5k9s4 #cs4 #f;d4 99,c>lisle499 ,by ! late ,,ri*>d ,s4 ,,f]guson4 #bs4 #f;d4 99,*e/]499 ,by ! ,rev4 ,rup]t ,h4 ,morris4 ,) ,map4 99,*i*e/]499 ,by ! late ,v ,rev4 ,w4 ,r4 ,w4 ,,/eph5s4 ,) ,map & ,plan4 #bs4 #f;d4 99,durham499 ,by ,rev4 ,j4 ,l4 ,,l[4 ,) ,map & ,plan4 #bs4 #f;d4 99,h]e=d499 ,by ! late ,rev4 ,canon ,,phillpott4 #cs4 99,li*field499 ,by ! ,rev4 ,w4 ,,b]es=d4 #bs4 #f;d4 99,l9coln499 ,by ! late ,rev4 ,canon ,e4 ,,v5ables1 & ! late ,v54 ,ar*deacon ,,p]ry4 ,) ,map4 #ds4 99,ll&aff499 ,by ! ,rev4 ,e4 ,j4 ,,newell1 ,m4,a4 ,) ,map4 #cs4 #f;d4 99,norwi*499 ,by ! ,rev4 ,a4 ,,jessopp1 ,d4,d4 #bs4 #f;d4 99,ox=d499 ,by ! ,rev4 ,e4 ,,m>%all4 #bs4 #f;d4 99,pet]bor\gh499 ,by ! ,rev4 ,g4 ,a4 ,,poole1 ,m4,a4 #bs4 #f;d4 99,ro*e/]499 ,by ! ,rev4 ,a4 ,j4 ,,pe>man4 ,) ,map4 #ds4 99,salisbury499 ,by ! ,rev4 ,w4 ,h4 ,,jones4 ,) ,map4 #bs4 #f;d4 99,sodor & ,man499 ,by ,a4 ,w4 ,,moore1 ,m4,a4 #cs4 99,/4 ,asaph499 ,by ! ,v54 ,ar*deacon ,,?omas4 #bs4 99,/4 ,david's499 ,by ! ,rev4 ,canon ,,bevan4 ,) ,map4 #bs4 #f;d4 99,w9*e/]499 ,by ! ,rev4 ,w4 ,,b5ham1 ,b4,d4 #cs4 99,worce/]499 ,by ! ,rev4 ,i4 ,,gregory ,,smi? & ,rev4 ,,phipps ,,onsl[4 #cs4 #f;d4 99,york499 ,by ! ,rev4 ,canon ,,ornsby1 ,m4,a41 ,f4,s4,a4 #cs4 #f;d4 ,non-,*ri/ian ,religi\s ,sy/ems4 ,fcap4 #hvo1 clo? bo>ds1 #bs4 #f;d4 ea*4 99,buddhism993 be+ a sket* ( ! ,life & ,tea*+s ( ,gautama1 ! ,buddha4 ,by ,t4 ,w4 ,,rhys ,,davids1 ,m4,a41 ,ph4,d4 ,) ,map4 99,buddhism 9 ,*9a499 ,by ! ,rev4 ,s4 ,,beal4 ,) ,map4 99,*ri/ianity & ,buddhism3 a ,comp>ison & a ,contra/499 ,by ! ,rev4 ,t4 ,,/]l+ ,,b]ry1 ,d4,d4 99,confucianism & ,ta\ism499 ,by ,pr(essor ,,rob]t ,k4 ,,d\glas1 ( ! ,briti% ,museum4 ,) ,map4 99,h9duism499 ,by ! late ,sir ,m4 ,,moni]-,,williams1 ,m4,a41 ,d4,c4,l4 ,) ,map4 99,islam & its ,f\nd]499 ,by ,j4 ,w4 ,h4 ,,/ob>t4 ,) ,map4 99,islam z a ,mission>y ,religion499 ,by ,,*>les ,r4 ,,ha9es4 #bs4 99,/udies ( ,non-,*ri/ian ,religions499 ,by ,,eliot ,,h[>d4 #bs4 #f;d4 99,! ,coran399 its ,composition & ,tea*+1 & ! ,te/imony x be>s to ! ,holy ,scriptures4 ,by ,sir ,,william ,,muir1 ,k4,c4,s4,i4 99,! ,religion ( ! ,cresc5t1 or ,islam399 its ,/r5g?1 its ,weakness1 its ,orig91 its ,influ5ce4 ,by ! ,rev4 ,w4 ,,/4 ,,clair ,,tisdall1 ,m4,a4 #ds4 ,colonial ,*ur* ,hi/ories4 ,fcap4 #hvo1 ) ,map1 clo? bo>ds4 99,diocese ( ,mack5zie ,riv]991 by ! ,"r ,rev4 ,w4 ,c4 ,,bompas1 ,d4,d41 ,bi%op ( ! ,diocese4 #bs4 99,new ,zeal&991 by ! late ,v ,rev4 ,,h5ry ,,jacobs1 ,d4,d41 ,dean ( ,*ri/*ur*4 ,conta9+ ! ,dioceses ( ,auckl&1 ,*ri/*ur*1 ,dun$91 ,nelson1 ,waiapu1 ,well+ton & ,melanesia4 #es4 99,hi/ory ( ! ,*ur* 9 ,ea/]n ,canada & ,newf\ndl&991 by ! ,rev4 ,j4 ,,langtry4 #cs4 99,! ,*ur* 9 ! ,we/ ,indies991 by ! ,rev4 ,a4 ,,caldecott4 ,b4,d4 #cs4 #f;d4 99,! ,/ory ( ! ,au/ralian ,*ur*199 by ! ,rev4 ,e4 ,,symonds4 #bs4 #f;d4 ,e>ly ,*ur* ,classics4 ,small po/ #hvo1 clo? bo>ds1 #as4 ea*4 99,a ,homily ( ,clem5t ( ,alex&ria991 entitl$1 ,:o is ! ,ri* ,man t is ,be+ ,sav$8 ,by ,rev4 ,p4 ,,mordaunt ,,b>n>d4 99,bi%op ,s>apion's ,pray]-,book993 ,an ,egyptian ,pontifical dat$ probably ab\t #cej-cef ,a4,d4 ,translat$ f ! ,edition ( ,dr4 ,g4 ,,wobb]m94 ,) ,introduction1 ,notes1 & ,indices1 by ! ,"r ,rev4 ,,john ,,wordswor?1 ,d4,d4 #as4 #f;d4 99,/4 ,cyprian on ! ,"l's ,pray]499 ,an ,engli% ,translation ) ,introduction4 ,by ! ,rev4 ,t4 ,,h]b]t ,,b9dley1 ,m4,a41 ,d4,d4 #as4 #f;d4 99,/4 ,polyc>p1 ,bi%op ( ,smyrna499 ,by ! ,rev4 ,,blomfield ,,jackson1 ,m4,a4 99,! ,doctr9e ( ! ,twelve ,apo/les499 ,translat$ into ,engli%1 ) ,introduction & ,notes1 by ! ,rev4 ,,*>les ,,bigg1 ,d4,d4 99,! ,epi/le ( ,/4 ,clem5t1 ,bi%op ( ,rome499 ,by ! ,rev4 ,john ,a4 ,f4 ,,gregg1 ,m4,a4 99,/4 ,augu/9e's ,treatise on ! ,city ( ,god499 ,by ,rev4 ,f4 ,r4 ,m4 ,,hit*cock1 ,m4,a41 ,b4,d4 #as4 #f;d4 99,! ,epi/le ( ! ,gallican ,*ur*es993 ,lugdunum & ,vi5na4 ,) an ,app5dix conta9+ ,t]tullian's ,address to ,m>tyrs & ! ,passion ( ,/4 ,p]petua4 ,translat$1 ) ,introduction & ,notes1 by ,rev4 ,t4 ,,h]b]t ,,b9dley1 ,d4,d4 99,! ,epi/les ( ,/4 ,ignatius1 ,bi%op ( ,antio*499 ,by ,rev4 ,j4 ,h4 ,,srawley1 ,m4,a4 ,9 two volumes4 #as4 ea*4 99,! ,liturgy ( ! ,eigh? ,book ( 999989999! ,apo/olic ,con/itutions19999099 commonly call$ ! ,clem5t9e ,liturgy4 ,translat$ into ,engli%1 ) ,introduction & ,notes1 by ,rev4 ,r4 ,h4 ,,cresswell1 ,m4,a4 #as4 #f;d4 99,! ,%eph]d ( ,h]mas499 ,by ! ,rev4 ,c4 ,,taylor1 ,d4,d41 ,ma/] ( ,/4 ,john's ,college1 ,cambridge4 ,vol4 ,i4 #bs4 ,,footnotes #a ,sir ,edw9 ,arnold's ,seas & ,l&s1 *ap4 xxvii4 #b ,*>les ,,ii's que51 x w be rememb]$1 0 ,ka?>9e ( ,braganza4 #c ,?is r5d]+ seems pref]able to ! m usual 8,way ( ! ,gods40 ,! t]m ,poly!ism is n1 /rictly speak+1 applicable to ,%9to4 #d ,"o ( ! great temples at ,%iba1 ,tokio1 0 burnt by ! ,buddhi/s to prev5t its fall+ into ! h&s ( ! ,%9to prie/s4 ,x may be m5tion$ "h1 z an in/ance ( ! lib]al feel+ ( ! pres5t 7,%9to7 gov]nm5t1 t "o ( ?is same gr\p ( build+s 0 l5t = ! ,*ur* ( ,engl& s]vices1 be=e ,/4 ,&rew's *ur* 0 built4 ,x is ! old nobility :o h be5 ?r\gh\t ! uncompromis+ oppon5ts ( ,*ri/ianity1 & inde$ ( all *ange2 & ! mo/ zeal\s support]s ( ,buddhism4 #e ,ed5's ,japan1 ,hi/orical & ,descriptive4 #f ,ev5 an approximate total is difficult to calculate4 ,at ! l[e/ e/imate we h a numb] consid]ably exce$+ ! :ole mass ( ,*ri/ians4 ,b x is important to be> 9 m9d t 9 ,*9a1 :i* supplies m ?an ?ree-f\r?s ( ! total numb]1 bo? ,ta\ism & ,confucianism are pr(ess$ 9 conjunction ) ,buddhism4 ,see ,rhys ,davids' ,buddhism1 *ap4 ,i 7,s4,p4,c4,k474 #g ,?ibet4 #h ,light ( ,asia1 i4 #adb1 & vi4 #fhh4 #i ,lectures on ,buddhism1 pp4 #fb-c4 #aj ,leg5ds & ,!ories ( ! ,buddhi/s1 p4 #ahg4 #aa ,pr(4 ,max ,mll]1 h[ev] 7,hibb]t ,lectures1 #ahgh1 p4 #acd note71 gives weighty reasons = reg>d+ #dgg ,b4,c4 z ! ye> ( ,buddha's dea?4 #ab 8,! ,buddhi/s look ^u ! ,bo-tree z mo/ ,*ri/ians h look$ ^u ! ,cross40--,rhys ,davids' ,buddhism1 p4 #cg note4 #ac ,x is1 no d\bt1 ow+ l>gely to ! influ5ce ( ,buddhism t ! passion ( ang] is almo/ unkn[n 9 ,japan4 ,9 ! same way1 a ,japanese1 ?\gh ! he>t 7 well-nigh break+1 w\ld consid] x a mo/ unwor?y ?+ to let 8 grief betray itself4 #ad ,miss ,isabella ,bird 7,mrs4 ,bi%op71 au?oress ( ,unbeat5 ,tracks 9 ,japan1 well describes ! impression produc$ on ! spectator by ! ,daibutsus1 or colossal images ( ,buddha1 s common 9 ,japan3--8,he is n sleep+1 he is n wak+1 he is n act+1 he is n ?9k+1 8 consci\sness is d\btful2 he exi/s1--t is all2 8 "w is done1 a hazy beatitude1 a negation rema94 ,?is is ! ,nirvana 9 :i* ! dev\t ,buddhi/ may aspire to p>ticipate40 ,! ,daibutsu at ,kamakura1 ( :i* an illu/ration is giv5 opposite1 is "o ( ! l>ge/ 9 ,japan4 ,x is fifty feet high1 &1 z a "w ( art1 is )\t a rival4 ,! boss protrud+ f ! =ehead is suppos$ to repres5t a jewel1 & to symbolize ,illum9ation4 #ae ,hi/ory ( ! ,jewi% ,*ur*1 ,vol4 iii1 ,lecture xlv4 #af ,?is is sc>cely less true ( ,*ri/ianity2 & x mu/ be true1 9 "s measure1 ( e religi\s sy/em :i* attempts to m9i/] to ! ne$s ( be+s1 s diff]5tly con/itut$1 & s dissimil>ly circum/anc$1 z are ! memb]s ( ! human race4 ,z we proce$ 9 ?is *apt] to ref] to ! v>i\s s*ools ( ,buddhism & _! *>act]i/ics1 we c h>dly fail to h sugge/$ to u1 m ?an once1 ^? diff]5t aspects ( ,*ri/ianity1 :i* h be5 ! occasion ( all our 8s*ools ( ?\ght10 &1 alas1 ( h[ _m ( our divisions6 #ag ,^? :o w\ld inve/igate ! subject fur!r are ref]r$ to ,alaba/]'s ,! ,mod]n ,buddhi/ 7,trbn]1 #ahgj74 #ah ,= x is m5 only :o inhabit ?is ,cele/ial ,region3 wom51 wor?y ( atta9+ to x1 h *ang$ _! sex4 #ai ,jodo means ! 8,pure ,l&40 #bj ,avalokitesv>a8,! ,"l :o looks d[n f heav540 ,! female =m tak+ ! place ( ! male is1 no d\bt1 due to ! idea ( ! woman's be+ suppos$ to be ! m compassionate nature2 j z1 too (t5 9 ! ,*ri/ian ,*ur*1 ! ,bless$ ,"m has1 = a l reason1 be5 made to encroa* ^u ! pr]ogatives ( h] ,div9e ,son4 ,in/ances are record$ ( ! ,*9ese1 :5 conv]s+ ) ,europeans1 giv+ ! "n ( ,kwany9 to ! /atues ( ! ,bless$ ,virg9 9 ! ,roman ,*ur*es4 7,davis' ,! ,*9ese1 *ap1 xiv47 #ba ,i h n ?\ght x necess>y 9 ?is little volume to introduce ! subject ( ,confucianism4 ,ev5 9 ,*9a x is less a religion ?an a sy/em ( philosophy--political1 social1 moral4 ,x may1 h[ev]1 be rem>k$ t ! writ+s ( ,confucius are highly e/eem$ 9 ,japan1 & t1 9 ! pa/ at any rate1 !y h _h a consid]able influ5ce 9 =m+ ! ?\ght & "* ( its p4 ,! e?ics ( ,confucius be+ mat]iali/ic1 i4e4 conc]n$ ) ! ?+s ( ?is pres5t life1 & ! ,buddhi/ e?ics be+ ma9ly spirituali/ic1 ! two mutually supplem5t ea* o!r4 ,! great ,confucian ,temple at ,y$do 0 until #ahfh ! *ief ,univ]sity ( ,japan4 ,n[1--s entirely h ! ,we/]n sy/ems ( education supplant$ ! tea*+ ( ! ,*9ese sage1--! build+ has be5 conv]t$ into a ,museum4 #bb ,*>coal-brazi]4 #bc 8,! only reason ,i c asc]ta9 = ! con/ant recurr5ce ( ! lotus 9 ,buddhi/ art & c]emonial is ! idea ( its be+ ! symbol ( purity4 ,its sc5t & aspect are alike delightful1 & ?\gh root$ 9 mud & slime x abhors all defilem5t4 ,if1 !re=e1 m5 w\ld b take x z _! model1 !y w\ld escape all ! contam9ation ( ?is corrupt _w4 ,e man1 x is said1 has a lotus 9 8 bosom1 :i* w blossom =? if he call 9 ! assi/ance ( ,buddha40 ,unbeat5 ,tracks 9 ,japan1 ,vol4 i4 p4 #bib4 #bd ,buddhi/s believe 9 ! exi/5ce ( a p]sonal wick$ _s1 nam$ ,m>a1 ^: object is to solicit m5 to evil4 #be ,cf4 ! foll[+ extract f ! spee* ( ! ,bi%op ( ,exet] at ! ,annual ,meet+ ( ! ,c4,m4,s4 #ahib3--8;,if y _h be5 ask$ to sket* an ideal l&1 mo/ suitable = ,*ri/ian ,missions1 & :5 itself ,*ri/ianiz$ m suit$ = evangeli/ic "w among ! nations ( ! f> ,ea/1 :at1 ,i ask1 w\ld be ! special *>act]i/ics ( ! l& & p t y w\ld h desir$8 ,p]haps1 fir/1 z ,engli%m5 or ,iri%m51 y w\ld h said1 #8,give u isl&s1 insep>ably & = ev] unit$1 give u isl&s :i* c hold _! sea-girt indep5d5ce1 & yet ne> en\gh to ! ma9l& to ex]t influ5ce !re4' ,su* is ,japan--! ,l& ( ! ,ris+ ,sun4 #8,give u a h>dy race1 n untra9$ 9 w> by l& & sea2 = a nation ( soldi]s1 :5 won = ,*ri/1 fights be/ "u ! bann] ( ! ,cross--= we are ( ! ,*ur* militant "h on e>?3 give u brave m52' & su* are ! desc5dants ( ! old ,daimios & two-sword$ ,samurai ( ,japan4 #8,give u an indu/rial race1 n idl]s nor l\ng]s1 en]vat$ by a luxuri\s climate1 b m5 :o delight 9 toil1 labori\s husb&m51 p]sev]+ craftsm51 %rewd m5 ( bus9ess2' & su* are ! ,japanese agriculturi/s1 :o w9 two h>ve/s a ye> f _! grateful soil--su* are ! h&icraftsm5 !re1 ^: "w is ! envy ( ,we/]n l&s2 su* are ! m]*ants1 :o hold _! own ) u 9 comm]ce4 #8,give u m5 ( culture1 ) noble traditions1 b n s w$d$ to ! pa/ t !y w n grasp ! pres5t & salute ! future2' & su* are ! quick-witt$1 myriad-m9d$ ,japanese1 :o1 ) a m>vell\s p[] ( imitation1 ev] someh[ contrive to engraft _! own specialities ^u ^? ( ,we/]n l&s4 ,witness _! ,con/itution1 _! ,p>liam5t1 _! #cj1jjj s*ools 9 active op]ation2 witness _! museums & hospitals2 witness _! colleges & univ]sities4 #8,b1' y w\ld also h said1 #8give u a race ^: wom5 are homespun & ref9$1 c\rte\s & w9some1 n tott]+ on tortur$ feet1 nor immur$ 9 z5anas & h>ems1 b :o freely m+le 9 social life1 & adorn all !y t\*2' & su*1 )\t controv]sy1 are ! wom5 ( ,japan4 ,above all1 #8give u a rev]5t & a religi\s p1 :o yet are consci\s t ! religion ( _! fa!rs is unsatisfy+ & unreal1 & :o are !re=e ready to welcome ! ,*ri/ ( ,god2' & su* are ! ?\ghtful races ( ,japan40 #bf ,see on ?is subject ,/udy ,,vi 9 ! late ,dean ,plumptre's ,! ,spirits 9 ,prison4 ,! ,*ri/ian c sc>cely d\bt t ,gautama has1 long ere ?is1 fall5 at ! feet ( ! ,crucifi$1--kn[+ at la/ ! ,"n :]eby he has be5 sav$1--& has he>d f ! ,div9e lips ! graci\s approval1 wait+ to be be/[$ on all m5 ( good-w1 ( :atev] age1 ( :atev] l&1 :o h 8work$ righte\sness10 & h fai?fully respond$ to :atev] measure ( light & opportunity has be5 accord$ !m by ,god4 #bg ,i may obs]ve t ! language1 n only ( ! ,new ,te/am5t1 b ( ! ,a?anasian ,cre$1 0 quot$ to me 9 ?is connexion by a ,buddhi/ prie/ 9 ,japan4 ,i endeav\r$ to po9t out to him1--h[ f> conv9c+ly ,i _c say1--:at at ! pres5t day at lea/ is g5]ally recogniz$ among/ u2 t = ! ,*ri/ian ,*ur* to w>n h] own *ildr51 9 t]ms ! mo/ emphatic j because ! mo/ lov+1 aga9/ becom+ entangl$ 9 ! deadly errors preval5t at ! "t :5 ! ,cre$ 0 drawn up1 is a ?+ :olly di/9ct f pass+ any s5t5ce ( et]nal condemnation on1 or1 inde$1 express+ any op9ion z to ! future /ate (1 su* z live & die )\t ev] hav+ be5 br\ght to a k ( ! ,fai?4 ,i add$1 ( c\rse1 t any acqua9tance ) ! claims ( ,*ri/ianity is a responsibility = :i* we believe all w h to give acc\nt4 #bh ,i d\bt if ! speak]1 9 8 long abs5ce f ,engl&1 q realiz$ ! ext5t to :i*1 ( ! la/ few ye>s1 bitt]ness & intol]ance h effac$ !mselves1 at any rate )9 ! limits ( ! ,*ur* ( ,engl&2 or 0 aw>e ( ! m>k$ improvem5t t is exhibit$ among/ u 9 deal+ ) su* matt]s ( controv]sy z /ill rema94 #bi ,9 ! c\rse ( a lett] appe>+ 9 ,! ,*ri/ian ( ,april #bj1 #ahic1 ! ,rev4 ,h4 ,loomis writes1 8,let ! =ty ?\s& ,*ri/ians ( ,japan b d$icate !mselves to ! welf>e ( ! c\ntry 9 all its relations1 & ! true new ,japan w be f\nd$40 ,b ,mr4 ,loomis himself has plac$ ! total memb]%ip ( 8,prote/ant ,missions0 at #ce1ejj1 ( ! ,or?odox ,*ur* at #bj1cjj1 & ( ! ,roman ,*ur* at #dd1hjj4 ,to :i* sixty ?\s& ( ^! does ,mr4 ,loomis--presumably--refuse ! title ( 8,*ri/ian08 & are we ju/ifi$ 9 act+ ?us t[>ds any :o believe 9 ! ,holy ,tr9ity1 & h accept$ ,jesus ,*ri/ z ! ,savi\r ( ! ,_w1 ,v ,god & ,v ,man8 #cj ,ev5 ,mr4 ,loomis' li/ does n appe> to be exhau/ive6 ,! 8,plym\? ,bre?r510 e4g41 are c]ta9ly repres5t$ at ,tokio4 #ca ,! above is an abridgem5t ( a passage 9 ! ,conque/s ( ! ,cross 7,messrs4 ,cassell ,co474 #cb ,9 ! c\rse ( ! pres5t ye> 7#ahic71 ! ,rev4 ,j4 ,mc,kim has be5 rais$ to ! ,am]ican ,episcopate 9 ,japan2 ,dr4 ,williams cont9u+ to reside at ,tokio4 ,x is also ann\nc$ t two new ,anglican ,bi%ops are to be consecrat$ = ! ,isl&s ( ,kyu%u & ,yezo respectively4 ,"o ( ^! is ! ,rev4 ,h4 ,ev+ton1 ,exam9+ ,*apla9 to ,bi%op ,bick]/e?1 :o has be5 connect$ ) ! ,c4 ,m4 ,s4 ,mission to ,japan s9ce #ahgd4 #cc ,pa/oral ,lett] to 8 ,cl]gy1 ,adv5t1 #ahib4 #cd ,occasional ,pap]1 ,guild ( ,/4 ,paul1 ,oct4 #ahic4