,,an ,,extract ,,out ,,( ,,josephus',s  
,,disc\rse ,,to ,,! ,,greeks ,,conc]n+  
,,hades  ,by ,flavius ,josephus         
,translat$ by ,william ,:i/on    #a4 ,n[
 z to ,hades1 :]e9 ! s\ls ( ! good ?+s  
!y see1 & rejoice 9 ! righte\s &        
unrighte\s are deta9$1 x is necess>y to 
speak ( x4 ,hades is a place 9 ! _w n   
regul>ly f9i%$2 a subt]rane\s region1   
:]e9 ! light ( ?is _w does n %9e2 f :i* 
circum/ance1 t 9 ?is region ! light does
 n %9e1 x _c be b !re mu/ be 9 x        
p]petual d>kness4 ,?is region is allott$
 z a place ( cu/ody = s\ls1 ill :i*     
angels are appo9t$ z gu>dians to !m1 :o 
di/ribute to !m tempor>y puni%m5ts1     
agreeable to e "o's behavior & mann]s4  
#b4 ,9 ?is region !re is a c]ta9 place  
set ap>t1 z a lake ( unqu5*able fire1   
:]e9to we suppose no "o ha? hi!rto be5  
ca/2 b x is prep>$ = a day a=e-det]m9$  
by ,god1 9 :i* "o righte\s s5t5ce %all  
des]v$ly be pass$ ^u all m52 :5 ! unju/1
 & ^? t h be5 disob$i5t to ,god1 & h    
giv5 honor to su* idols z h be5 ! va9   

op]ations ( ! h&s ( m5 z to ,god        
himself1 %all be adjudg$ to ?is ev]la/+ 
puni%m5t1 z hav+ be5 ! causes (         
defilem5t2 :ile ! j %all obta9 an       
incorruptible & nev]-fad+ k+dom4 ,^! are
 n[ inde$ conf9$ 9 ,hades1 b n 9 ! same 
place :]e9 ! unju/ are conf9$4  #c4 ,=  
!re is "o desc5t into ?is region1 at ^: 
gate we believe !re /&s an ar*angel ) an
 ho/2 :i* gate :5 ^? pass ?r\gh t are   
conduct$ d[n by ! angels appo9t$ ov]    
s\ls1 !y d n g ! same way2 b ! j are    
guid$ to ! "r h&1 & are l$ ) hymns1 sung
 by ! angels appo9t$ ov] t place1 unto a
 region ( light1 9 :i* ! j h dwelt f !  
beg9n+ ( ! _w2 n con/ra9$ by necessity1 
b ev] enjoy+ ! prospect ( ! good ?+s !y 
see1 & rejoice 9 ! expectation ( ^? new 
enjoym5ts :i* w be peculi> to e "o ( !m1
 & e/eem+ ^? ?+s beyond :at we h "h2 )  
:om !re is no place ( toil1 no burn+    
heat1 no pi]c+ cold1 nor are any bri]s  
!re2 b ! c\nt5ance ( ! & ( ! j1 :i* !y  
see1 always smiles !m1 :ile !y wait = t 
re/ & et]nal new life 9 heav51 :i* is to

 succe$ ?is region4 ,?is place we call  
,! ,bosom ( ,abraham4  #d4 ,b z to !    
unju/1 !y are dragg$ by =ce to ! left h&
 by ! angels allott$ = puni%m5t1 no     
long] go+ ) a good-w1 b z prison]s driv5
 by viol5ce2 to :om are s5t ! angels    
appo9t$ ov] !m to reproa* !m & ?reat5 !m
 ) _! t]rible looks1 & to ?ru/ !m /ill  
d[nw>ds4 ,n[ ^? angels t are set ov] ^! 
s\ls drag !m into ! neighborhood ( hell 
itself2 :o1 :5 !y are h>d by x1         
cont9ually he> ! noise ( x1 & d n /&    
cle> ( ! hot vapor itself2 b :5 !y h a  
ne> view ( ?is spectacle1 z ( a t]rible 
& exce$+ great prospect ( fire1 !y are  
/ruck ) a fe>ful expectation ( a future 
judgm5t1 & 9 effect puni%$ !reby3 & n   
only s1 b :]e !y see ! place or *oir ( !
 fa!rs & ( ! j1 ev5 h]eby are !y puni%$2
 = a *aos deep & l>ge is fix$ betwe5 !m2
 insomu* t a j man t ha? compassion ^u  
!m _c be admitt$1 nor c "o t is unju/1  
if he 7 bold en\gh to attempt x1 pass   
ov] x4  #e4 ,?is is ! disc\rse conc]n+  
,hades1 :]e9 ! s\ls ( all m5 are conf9$ 

until a prop] season1 :i* ,god ha?      
det]m9$1 :5 he w make a resurrection (  
all m5 f ! dead1 n procur+ a            
transmigration ( s\ls f "o body to      
ano!r1 b rais+ aga9 ^? v bodies1 :i* y  
,greeks1 see+ to be dissolv$1 d n       
believe _! resurrection4 ,b le>n n to   
disbelieve x2 = :ile y believe t ! s\l  
is creat$1 & yet is made immortal by    
,god1 accord+ to ! doctr9e ( ,plato1 &  
?is 9 "t1 be n incr$ul\s2 b believe t   
,god is able1 :5 he ha? rais$ to life t 
body :i* 0 made z a comp\nd ( ! same    
elem5ts1 to make x immortal2 = x mu/    
nev] be said ( ,god1 t he is able to d  
"s ?+s1 & unable to d o!rs4 ,we h !re=e 
believ$ t ! body w be rais$ aga92 =     
al?\gh x be dissolv$1 x is n p]i%$2 = ! 
e>? receives its rema9s1 & pres]ves !m2 
& :ile !y are l se$1 & are mix$ among ! 
m fruitful soil1 !y fl\ri%1 & :at is s[n
 is inde$ s[n b>e gra91 b at ! mighty   
s\nd ( ,god ! ,creator1 x w spr\t up1 & 
be rais$ 9 a clo!d & glori\s condition1 
?\gh n be=e x has be5 dissolv$1 & mix$ )

 ! e>?4 ,s t we h n ra%ly believ$ !     
resurrection ( ! body2 = al?\gh x be    
dissolv$ = a "t on acc\nt ( ! orig9al   
transgression1 x exi/s /ill1 & is ca/   
into ! e>? z into a pott]'s furnace1 9  
ord] to be =m$ aga91 n 9 ord] to rise   
aga9 su* z x 0 be=e1 b 9 a /ate (       
purity1 & s z nev] to be de/roy$ any m4 
,& to e body %all its own s\l be re/or$4
 ,& :5 x ha? clo!d itself ) t body1 x w 
n be subject to mis]y1 b1 be+ itself    
pure1 x w cont9ue ) its pure body1 &    
rejoice ) x1 ) :i* x hav+ walk$         
righte\sly n[ 9 ?is _w1 & nev] hav+ _h x
 z a sn>e1 x w receive x aga9 ) great   
gladness4 ,b z = ! unju/1 !y w receive  
_! bodies n *ang$1 n fre$ f diseases or 
di/emp]s1 nor made glori\s1 b ) ! same  
diseases :]e9 !y di$2 & su* z !y 7 9 _! 
unbelief1 ! same %all !y be :5 !y %all  
be fai?fully judg$4  #f4 ,= all m51 ! j 
z well z ! unju/1 %all be br\ght be=e   
,god ! ^w3 = to him ha? ! ,fa!r committ$
 all judgm5t3 & he1 9 ord] to fulfill ! 
w ( 8 ,fa!r1 %all come z ,judge1 :om we 

call ,*ri/4 ,= ,m9os & ,rhadaman?us are 
n ! judges1 z y ,greeks d suppose1 b he 
:om ,god & ! ,fa!r ha? glorifi$3        
,conc]n+ ,:om ,we ,h ,else:]e ,giv5 ,a  
,m ,p>ticul> ,acc\nt1 ,= ,! ,sake ,( ,^?
 ,:o ,seek ,aft] ,tru?4 ,?is p]son1     
ex]cis+ ! righte\s judgm5t ( ! ,fa!r    
t[>ds all m51 ha? prep>$ a j s5t5ce = e 
"o1 accord+ to 8 works2 at ^:           
judgm5t-seat :5 all m51 & angels1 &     
demons %all /&1 !y w s5d =? "o voice1 & 
say1 ,j ,is ,?y ,judgm5t2 ! rejo9d] to  
:i* w br+ a j s5t5ce ^u bo? p>ties1 by  
giv+ ju/ly to ^? t h done well an       
ev]la/+ fruition2 b allott+ to ! lov]s (
 wick$ works et]nal puni%m5t4 ,to ^!    
belong ! unqu5*able fire1 & t )\t end1 &
 a c]ta9 fi]y worm1 nev] dy+1 & n       
de/roy+ ! body1 b cont9u+ its eruption  
out ( ! body ) nev]-ceas+ grief3 nei!r w
 sleep give ease to ^! m51 nor w ! night
 af=d !m com=t2 dea? w n free !m f _!   
puni%m5t1 nor w ! int]c$+ pray]s ( _!   
k9dr$ pr(it !m2 = ! j are no long] se5  
by !m1 nor are !y ?\ght wor?y (         

remembrance4 ,b ! j %all rememb] only _!
 righte\s actions1 :]eby !y h atta9$ !  
heav5ly k+dom1 9 :i* !re is no sleep1 no
 sorr[1 no corruption1 no c>e1 no night1
 no day measur$ by "t1 no sun driv5 9 8 
c\rse along ! circle ( heav5 by         
necessity1 & measur+ out ! b\nds &      
conv]sions ( ! seasons1 = ! bett]       
illum9ation ( ! life ( m52 no moon      
decreas+ & increas+1 or introduc+ a     
v>iety ( seasons1 nor w %e !n moi/5 !   
e>?2 no burn+ sun1 no ,be> turn+ r\nd ! 
pole1 no ,orion to rise1 no w&]+ (      
innum]able />s4 ,! e>? w n !n be        
difficult to be pass$ ov]1 nor w x be   
h>d to f9d out ! c\rt ( p>adise1 nor w  
!re be any fe>ful ro>+ ( ! sea1 =bidd+ !
 pass5g]s to walk on x2 ev5 t w be made 
easily passable to ! j1 ?\gh x w n be   
void ( moi/ure4 ,heav5 w n !n be        
un9habitable by m51 & x w n be          
impossible to discov] ! way ( asc5d+    
?i!r4 ,! e>? w n be uncultivat$1 nor    
require too mu* labor ( m51 b w br+ =?  
its fruits ( its own accord1 & w be well

 adorn$ ) !m4 ,!re w be no m g5]ations (
 wild bea/s1 nor w ! sub/ance ( ! re/ ( 
! animals %oot out any m2 = x w n       
produce m51 b ! numb] ( ! righte\s w    
cont9ue1 & nev] fail1 toge!r ) righte\s 
angels1 & spirits ( ,god1 & ) 8 ^w1 z a 
*oir ( righte\s m5 & wom5 t nev] gr[    
old1 & cont9ue 9 an incorruptible /ate1 
s++ hymns to ,god1 :o ha? advanc$ !m to 
t happ9ess1 by ! means ( a regul>       
in/itution ( life2 ) :om ! :ole creation
 also w lift up a p]petual hymn f       
corruption1 to incorruption1 z glorifi$ 
by a spl5did & pure _s4 ,x w n !n be    
re/ra9$ by a bond ( necessity1 b ) a    
lively fre$om %all (f] up a volunt>y    
hymn1 & %all praise him t made !m1      
toge!r ) ! angels1 & spirits1 & m5 n[   
fre$ f all bondage4  #g4 ,& n[1 if y    
,g5tiles w be p]suad$ by ^! motives1 &  
leave y\r va9 imag9ations ab\t y\r      
p$igrees1 & ga9+ ( ri*es1 & philosophy1 
& w n sp5d y\r "t ab\t subtleties (     
words1 & !reby lead y\r m9ds into error1
 & if y w apply y\r e>s to ! he>+ ( !   

inspir$ prophets1 ! int]pret]s bo? (    
,god & ( 8 ^w1 & w believe 9 ,god1 y    
%all bo? be p>tak]s ( ^! ?+s1 & obta9 ! 
good ?+s t are to come2 y %all see !    
asc5t unto ! imm5se heav5 pla9ly1 & t   
k+dom :i* is !re4 ,= :at ,god ha? n[    
conceal$ 9 sil5ce w be !n made manife/1 
:at nei!r eye ha? se51 nor e> ha? he>d1 
nor ha? x ent]$ into ! he>t ( man1 ! ?+s
 t ,god ha? prep>$ = !m t love him4  #h4
 ,9 :atsoev] ways ,i %all f9d y1 9 !m   
%all ,i judge y entirely3 s cries ! ,end
 ( all ?+s4 ,& he :o ha? at fir/ liv$ a 
virtu\s lift1 b t[>ds ! latt] end falls 
into vice1 ^! labors by him be=e endur$ 
%all be altoge!r va9 & unpr(itable1 ev5 
z 9 a play1 br\ght to an ill cata/rophe4
 ,:osoev] %all h liv$ wick$ly &         
luxuri\sly may rep5t2 h[ev]1 !re w be   
ne$ ( mu* "t to conqu] an evil habit1 & 
ev5 aft] rep5tance 8 :ole life mu/ be   
gu>d$ ) great c>e & dilig5ce1 aft] !    
mann] ( a body1 :i*1 aft] x ha? be5 a   
long "t afflict$ ) a di/emp]1 requires a
 /rict] diet & me?od ( liv+2 = ?\gh x   

may be possible1 p]haps1 to break (f !  
*a9 ( our irregul> affections at once1  
yet our am5dm5t _c be secur$ )\t ! grace
 ( ,god1 ! pray]s ( good m51 ! help ( ! 
bre?r51 & our own s9c]e rep5tance &     
con/ant c>e4 ,x is a good ?+ n to s9 at 
all2 x is also good1 hav+ s9n$1 to      
rep5t2 z x is be/ to h heal? always1 b x
 is a good ?+ to recov] f a di/emp]4 ,to
 ,god be glory & dom9ion = ev] & ev]    
,am54