,transcrib]'s note3 ,= ! b5efit ( c]ta9 read]s1 explanatory names h be5 add$ to "s illu/ration tags & ^! h be5 id5tifi$ ) an a/]isk4 ,bullet9 ,numb] ,eight ,price ,?irty-five ,c5ts ,a ,,catalogue ,,( ,,play ,,equipm5t ,compil$ by ,,jean ,,lee ,,hunt ,,bureau ( ,,educational ,,exp]im5ts #af ,,we/ #h,,? ,,/reet1 ,,new ,,york #aiah ,illu/ration3 ,wood5 :eel-b>r[ & cab9et499 ,illu/ration3 ,*ildr5 at play499 ,,introduction ,:at are ! requisites ( a *ild's laboratory8 ,:at ess5tials mu/ we provide if we w\ld delib]ately plan an environm5t to promote ! developm5tal possibilities ( play8 ,^! que/ions are rais$ ) ev]-increas+ insi/5ce z ! true nature ( *ildr5's play & its educational significance come to be matt]s ( m g5]al k & ! selection ( play equipm5t assumes a correspond+ importance 9 ! s*ool & at home4 ,to indicate "s fundam5tal rules = ! *oice ( furni%+s & toys & to %[ a v>iety ( mat]ials illu/rat+ ! basis ( selection has be5 our aim 9 compil+ ! foll[+ brief catalogue4 ,we d n assume ! li/ to be complete1 nor has x be5 ! int5tion to recomm5d any make or patt]n z be+ indisp5sable or z hav+ an exclusive "r to ! field4 ,on ! contr>y1 x is our *ief hope t ! available numb] & v>iety ( su* mat]ials may be increas$ to meet a correspond+ increase ( intellig5t dem& on ! "p ( p>5ts & tea*]s = equipm5t hav+ real dignity & play value4 ,! mat]ials li/$ 7 orig9ally assembl$ 9 ! ,exhibit ( ,toys & ,s*ool ,equipm5t %[n by ! ,bureau ( ,educational ,exp]im5ts 9 ! ,spr+ & ,summ] ( #aiag1 & we wi% to make ackn[l$gm5t1 !re=e1 to ! _m :o contribut$ to t exhibit & by s do+ to ! sub/ance ( ! foll[+ pages4 ,*ief among !m are ,tea*]s ,college1 ,! ,univ]sity ( ,pittsburgh1 ,! ,e?ical ,culture ,s*ool1 ,! ,play ,s*ool & o!r exp]im5tal s*ools describ$ 9 our bullet9s1 numb]s #c1 #d & #e4 ,! cuts h be5 *os5 = ! mo/ "p f photographs ( ! ,play ,s*ool1 :]e conditions fairly approximate ^? obta9able 9 ! home & ?us (f] sugge/ions easily translatable by p>5ts into t]ms ( _! own home environm5t4 ,:ile ?is equipm5t is especially applicable to ! ne$s ( *ildr5 f\r1 five & six ye>s old1 mo/ ( x w be f\nd well adapt$ to ! int]e/s ( *ildr5 z old z eight ye>s1 & "s ( x to ^? ( y\ng] *ildr5 z well4 ,,bureau ,,( ,,educational ,,exp]im5ts4 ,new ,york ,city1 ,june1 #aiah4 ,illu/ration3 ,*ildr5 at play499 ,,out-,,(-,,door ,,furni%+s ,out-(-door ,furni%+s %\ld be ( a k9d to enc\rage creative play z well z to give ex]cise4 ,playgr\nd app>atus1 !re=e1 9 addition to provid+ = big muscle developm5t %\ld comb9e ! foll[+ requisites3 ,intr9sic value z a toy or play?+4 ,! play ( *ildr5 on x & ) x mu/ be spontane\s4,a ,adaptability to diff]5t k9ds ( play & ex]cise4 ,x mu/ appeal to ! imag9ation ( ! *ild s /rongly t new =ms ( use mu/ be con/antly f\nd by ! *ild himself 9 us+ x4,a ,adaptability to individual or gr\p use4 ,x %\ld l5d itself to solit>y play or to use by sev]al play]s at once4 ,additional requisites are3 ,safety4 ,its use %\ld be att5d$ by a m9imum ( dang]4 ,suitable design1 prop] proportions1 s\nd mat]ials & c>eful con/ruction are ess5tials4 ,durability4 ,x mu/ be made to )/& h>d use & all k9ds ( wea!r4 ,to dem& a m9imum ( repair means also to af=d a maximum ( security4 ,footnote ,a3 ,dr4 ,e4 ,h4 ,arnold1 ,"s ,inexp5sive ,playgr\nd ,app>atus4 ,bul4 #bg1 ,playgr\nd ,association ( ,am]ica4 ,illu/ration3 ,! city y>d equipp$ to give a maximum ( ex]cise & creative play ,illu/ration3 ,an outdoor play area499 ,,! ,,outdoor ,,laboratory ,9 ! c\ntry1 ready-to-h& res\rces1 trees = climb+1 ! five-b>r$ f5ce1 ! pa/ure gate1 ! /one wall1 ! wood-pile1 ,"m ,e>? to dig 91 furni% ideal equipm5t = ! muscle developm5t ( little p & ( _! own nature af=d ! ess5tial requisites = creative & dramatic play4 ,to _! surpass+ fitness = laboratory purposes ea* new g5]ation be>s te/imony4 ,if ! furni%+s ( a delib]ately plann$ environm5t are to comp>e ) !m at all !y mu/ l5d !mselves to ! same fre$om ( treatm5t4 ,! app>atus %[n "h 0 made by a local c>p5t]1 & c\ld easily be con/ruct$ by high s*ool pupils ) ! assi/ance ( ! manual tra9+ tea*]4 ,! gr\nd has be5 cov]$ ,) a lay] ( f9e scre5$ gravel1 a p>ticul>ly satisfactory treatm5t = v little *ildr51 z x is relatively clean & dries quickly aft] ra94 ,x does n l5d itself to ! requirem5ts ( organiz$ games1 h[ev]1 & s w n answ] = *ildr5 :o h rea*$ t /age ( play developm5t4 ,a numb] ( build+ bricks1 wood5 boxes ( v>i\s sizes1 pieces ( bo>d & su* odd lumb] ) a few tools & out-(-door toys complete ! y>d's equipm5t4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,see-,,saw499 ,,! ,,see ,,saw ,,bo>d--,/raight gra9 lumb]1 #a-a_/h x #i x #ab'-j4 ,two cleats #a-a_/d x #i bolt$ to ! "u side ( ! bo>d to act z a socket on ! hip ( ! horse4 ,,horse--,height #be4 ,l5g? #bb-a_/b4 ,spread ( feet at gr\nd #bj4 ,legs built ( #b x #c mat]ial4 ,hip ( #b x #c mat]ial4 ,brace "u hip ( #g_/h mat]ial4 ,,note--,all figures giv5 are = outside measurem5ts4 ,app>atus except see-saw bo>d & slid+ bo>d %\ld be pa9t$1 especially ^? p>ts :i* are to be put into ! gr\nd4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,/& ,,& ,,slide499 ,,! ,,/& ,,& ,,slide ,,/& ,,or ,,plat=m--#bf wide1 #cj long1 #e'-d high4 ,top made ( #a-c_/h tongue & groove mat]ial4 ,uprights or legs ( #b x #c mat]ial4 ,cleats nail$ to front legs #f-a_/d ap>t to =m ladd] are ( #a-a_/h x #a-c_/d mat]ial4 ,cross brac+ ( #g_/h x #b-a_/d mat]ial4 ,apron "u top made ( #g_/h x #e mat]ial nail$ ab\t #a-a_/h bel[ to act z additional brac+ & provide place ( atta*m5t = iron hooks secur$ to slid+ bo>d4 ,! /& is fa/5$ to ! gr\nd by dogs or pieces ( wood buri$ deep en\gh 7ab\t #c'7 to make x secure4 ,,slide--,/raight gra9 piece ( lumb]1 #a-a_/h x #ab x #ab'-j4 ,two hooks at upp] end ( slid+ bo>d are ( iron1 ab\t #c_/h x #a-a_/b1 set at a prop] angle to prev5t bo>d f becom+ loose4 ,hooks are ab\t #a-a_/d long4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,sw++ ,,rope499 ,,! ,,sw++ ,,rope ,,upright--#c x #c x #f'-i4 ,,top ,,piece--#c x #c x #b'-i4 ,upright & top piece are mortis$ or halv$ & bolt$ toge!r4 ,brac+ at top 7#c x #c x #bj-a_/b at long po9t ( mitre cuts7 is nail$ to top piece & upright at an angle ( ab\t #de degrees4 ,upright re/s on a base measur+ #c'-j4 ,?is is mortis$ toge!r & brac$ ) #b x #c mat]ial ab\t #bj long1 set at an angle ( ab\t #fj degrees4 ,unless !re are facilities = brac+ at ! top1 z %[n 9 ! cut1 ! upright %\ld be made long] & buri$ ab\t #c' 9 ! gr\nd4 ,! sw++ rope 7#c_/d dia47 passes ?r\gh a hole bor$ 9 ! top piece & held 9 place by a knot4 ,successive knots ti$ #h to #i ap>t & a big knot at ! bottom make sw++ easi] = little folks4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,trapeze499 ,,! ,,trapeze ,,two ,,uprights--#c x #c x #f'-aj4 ,,top ,,piece--#c x #c x #b'-aj4 ,ends ( top piece secur$ to uprights by be+ mortis$ or halv$ & bolt$ toge!r4 ,uprights re/ on bases ( #b x #c mat]ial1 #c'-g long1 connect$ by a small plat=m 9 ! =m ( an ,h4 ,bases & uprights are bolt$ to dogs or pieces ( wood #b x #d x #e'-h set 9 ! gr\nd ab\t #c'-j4 ,adju/able b> 7r\nd7 #a-c_/h dia4 #c holes bor$ 9 ea* upright provide = ! adju/able b>4 ,! fir/ hole is #c'-j above gr\nd1 ! second #c'-e1 ! ?ird #c'-aj4 ,sw+ b> 7r\nd71 #a-c_/h dia41 is #bj long4 ,%\ld hang ab\t #af bel[ top piece4 #b holes #e_/h dia4 bor$ 9 ! top piece receive a cont9u\s rope atta*$ to ! sw+ b> by be+ knott$ aft] pass+ ?r\gh holes 7#e_/h dia47 9 ea* end ( ! b>4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,ladd] ,,& ,,support499 ,,! ,,ladd] ,,& ,,support ,,ladd]--#ad x #aj'-b ,sides ( #a-a_/b x #a_/b mat]ial ,rungs #a_/d dia4 set #aj-a_/d ap>t ,at upp] ends ( ! sides a u-%ap$ cut acts z a hook = atta*+ ! ladd] to ! cross b> ( ! support4 ,^! ends are re-in=c$ ) iron to prev5t splitt+4 ,,support--,height #d'-f4 ,spread ( uprights at base #d'-b4 ,uprights ( #a-a_/b x #b-a_/b mat]ial are secur$ to a foot 7#a-a_/b x #d x #bj-a_/b7 ) braces 7#aa-a_/b x #b-a_/b x #ab7 set at an angle ( ab\t #fj4 ,tops ( ! two uprights are halv$ & bolt$ to a cross b> #a-a_/h x #b-a_/b x #aj long4 ,! uprights are secur$ ) diagonal braces #a-c_/h x #c-a_/b x #c'-i fa/5$ toge!r :]e !y int]sect4 ,illu/ration3 ,a pret5d air%ip499 ,a borr[$ /ep ladd] conv]ts ?is gymna/ic app>atus into an air%ip4 ,illu/ration3 ,a borr[$ ladd] helps ! game499 ,! ladd] deta*$ f ! support is an invaluable adjunct to build+ & o!r op]ations4 ,illu/ration3 ,! ,p>allel ,b>s499 ,,! ,,p>allel ,,b>s ,! two b>s are #b x #b-a_/d ,x #f'-aj & are set #af-a_/b to #ah-a_/b ap>t4 ,! ends are bevel$ & ! tops r\nd$4 ,ea* b> is nail$ to two uprights 7#b ,x #c ,x #e'-j7 set #e' ap>t & ext5d+ #cd above gr\nd4 ,an ov]hang ( ab\t #f is all[$ at ea* end ( ! b>4 ,illu/ration3 ,! s& box499 ,,! ,,s& ,,box ,! slop+ cov] to ! s& box pictur$ "h has be5 f\nd to h _m uses besides its obvi\s purpose ( protection aga9/ /ray animals & dirt4 ,x is a fairly good sub/itute = ! old-"t cell> door1 t mo/ important dramatic prop]ty ( a play era pa/ or rapidly pass+4 ,illu/ration3 ,s& box ) cov] clos$499 ,illu/ration3 ,box village499 ,,box ,,village ,! *ild is to be piti$ :o has n at "s "t revell$ 9 a pack+-box h\se big en\gh to get into & furni%$ by 8 own ef=ts4 ,b a village ( su* h\ses (f]s a greatly enl>g$ field ( play opportunity & has be5 ! basis ( ,miss ,m>y ,rank9's exp]im5t on ! ,tea*]s ,college ,playgr\nd4,b ,9 addition to its m obvi\s possibilities = con/ructive & manual developm5t1 ,miss ,rank9's exp]im5t (f]s social features ( unusual sugge/iv5ess1 = ! village provides a civic exp]i5ce fairly compreh5sive & free f ! artificiality t is apt to *>act]ize attempts to introduce civic cont5t into s*ool & play proc$ure4 ,footnote ,b3 ,see ,tea*]s ,college ,playgr\nd1 ,bullet9 ,no4 #d1 ,bureau ( ,educational ,exp]im5ts4 ,illu/ration3 ,( int]e/ to c>p5t]s4 ,illu/ration3 ,a boom 9 real e/ate4 ,illu/ration3 ,boy play+ pret5d piano499 ,,indoor ,,equipm5t ,! requisites = indoor equipm5t are ^!3 ,a ,suitable ,floor--,! natural place = a little *ild to play is ! floor & x is !re=e ! s9e qua non ( ! play laboratory4 ,places to ,keep ,?+s--,a maximum ( conv5i5ce to facilitate habits ( ord]4 ,tables & ,*airs--,= use z occasion dem&s1 to supplem5t ! floor1 n to take ! place ( x4 ,blocks & ,toys--,= initial play mat]ial4 ,! ,c>p5t]'s ,b5*--,) tools & lumb] = ! manufacture ( supplem5t>y toys4 ,a supply ( ,art & ,craft mat]ials--,= ! same purpose4 ,illu/ration3 ,! ,indoor ,laboratory4 ,,! ,,indoor ,,laboratory ,! floor %\ld receive fir/ consid]ation 9 plann+ ! indoor laboratory4 ,x %\ld be z spaci\s z circum/ances w p]mit & safe1 t is to say clean & protect$ f draughts & dampness4 ,a well-kept h>dwood floor is ! be/ t c be provid$4 ,individual light rugs or felt mats c be us$ = ! y\ng] *ildr5 to sit on 9 cold wea!r if any d\bt exi/s z to ! adequacy ( heat+ facilities 7see cut1 p4 #cb74 ,battle%ip l9oleum makes a good sub/itute = a h>dwood f9i%4 ,x comes 9 solid colors & c be kept immaculate4 ,deck canvas /ret*$ ov] a lay] ( c>pet felt & pa9t$ makes a w>m cov]+1 especially well adapt$ to ! ne$s ( v little *ildr51 z x has "s ( ! s(tness ( a c>pet & yet c be scrubb$ & mopp$4 ,second only 9 importance is ! supply ( lock]s1 %elves1 boxes & draw]s = ! disposal ( ! great numb] & v>iety ( small articles t make up ! tools & appliances ( ! laboratory4 ,! cut on page #bd %[s a p>ticul>ly successful arrangem5t = facilities ( ?is k9d4 ,! *airs %[n are ! ,mo%] k9d]g>t5 *airs1 :i* come 9 ?ree sizes4 ,! light tables c be fold$ by ! *ildr5 & put away 9 ! bigge/ cupbo>d space 7p4 #bd74 ,block boxes are an ess5tial "p ( ! equipm5t4 ,_! dim5sions %\ld be plann$ 9 relation to ! unit block ( ! set us$4 ,^? %[n are #ac-c_/d ,x #af-a_/b ,x #dd 7inside measurem5ts7 = use ) a set hav+ a unit #a-c_/h ,x #b-c_/d ,x #e-a_/b4 ,!y are on ca/ors & c be roll$ to any "p ( ! room4 ,! l[ blackbo>ds are #e'-e 9 height & #b'-j f ! floor4 ,all ! furni%+s ( ! laboratory %\ld l5d !mselves to use z dramatic prop]ties :5 occasion dem&s1 & a few may be kept = su* purposes alone4 ,! light scre5s 9 ! "r-h& corn] ( ! room are prop]ties ( ?is k9d & are put to an endless numb] ( uses 7see cut1 p4 #dj74 ,illu/ration3 ,! balcony 9 a room ) high ceil+4 ,illu/ration3 ,! balcony & a l[ ceil+4 ,! balcony is a device to increase floor space t has be5 us$ successfully 9 ,! ,play ,s*ool = sev]al ye>s4 ,x is v popul> ) ! *ildr5 & contributes effectively to _m play s*emes4 ,! tall block con/ruction repres5t+ an elevator %aft %[n 9 ! picture opposite w\ld nev] h rea*$ its ,s+] ,t[] proportions )\t ! balcony1 fir/ to sugge/ ! project & !n to aid 9 its execution4 ,drop %elves l ^? along ! wall ( ! gall]y 7p4 #bb7 c be us$ = "s purposes in/ead ( tables :5 space is limit$4 ,mat]ials = /orekeep+ play fill ! %elves next ! fireplace1 & ! big crock on ! he>? conta9s modell+ clay1 ! raw mat]ial ( su* objets d'art z may be se5 decorat+ ! mantlepiece 9 ! cut on page #bj4 ,illu/ration3 ,a place = ev]y?+ ,illu/ration3 ,! indoor s&box499 ,,! ,,indoor ,,s& ,,box ,! indoor ,s& ,box pictur$ "h 0 design$ by ,mrs4 ,hut*9son = use 9 ! nurs]y at ,/ony ,=d4 ,a box ( ?is k9d is ideal = ! enclos$ por* or t]race & a great res\rce 9 ra9y wea!r4 ,! usual k9d]g>t5 s& table _c provide ! same play opportunity t is af=d$ by a floor box1 b x pres5ts few] problems to ! h\sekeep] & is always a valuable adjunct to indoor equipm5t4 ,illu/ration3 ,! ,c>p5t] ,b5*499 ,,! ,,c>p5t] ,,b5* ,! c>p5t] equipm5t mu/ be a sure-en\gh bus9ess affair1 & ! tools real tools--n toys4 ,! ,%eldon b5* %[n "h is a real b5* 9 e p>ticul> except size4 ,! tool li/ is z foll[s3 ,manual tra9+ hamm]4 #ah po9t cross-cut saw4 #i po9t rip saw4 ,l>ge screw driv]1 wood5 h&le4 ,small screw driv]4 ,nail pull]4 ,/anley smoo?-plane1 ,no4 #c4 ,b5* hook4 ,brace & set ( twi/ bits4 ,manual tra9+ rule4 ,/eel rule4 ,tri squ>e4 ,utility box--) assort$ nails1 screws1 etc4 ,comb9ation ,india oil /one4 ,oil c4 ,small hat*et4 ,*oice ( lumb] mu/ be det]m9$ p>tly by ! viewpo9t ( ! adult conc]n$1 l>gely by ! laboratory budget1 & f9ally by ! supply locally available4 ,excell5t results h sometimes be5 a*iev$ :]e only boxes f ! groc]y & left-ov] pieces f ! c>p5t] %op h be5 provid$4 ,su* r\gh lumb] af=ds good exp]i5ce 9 manipulation1 & its use may help to e/abli% habits ( adapt+ mat]ials z we f9d !m to ! purposes we h 9 h&4 ,?is is ! natural attack ( *ildhood1 & x %\ld be fo/]$1 = *ildr5 c lose x & come to feel t specially prep>$ mat]ials are ess5tial1 & a consequ5t limitation to +5uity & initiative c ?us be e/abli%$4 ,on ! o!r h&1 "s projects & c]ta9 /ages ( exp]i5ce are be/ s]v$ by a supply ( good regulation /ock4 ,bo>ds ( s(t p9e1 :ite wood1 bass wood1 or cypress 9 ?icknesses ( #a_/d1 #c_/h1 #a_/b & #g_/h are especially well adapt$ = *ildr5's "w1 & /ock /rips #a_/d & #a_/b ?ick & #b & #c wide l5d !mselves to _m purposes4 ,illu/ration3 ,boy pa9t+ toy499 ,illu/ration3 ,girl play+ ) dolls h\se499 ,,toys ,! prop] basis ( selection = toys is _! effici5cy z toys1 t is3 ,!y mu/ be sugge/ive ( play & made = play4 ,!y %\ld be select$ 9 relation to ea* o!r4 ,!y %\ld be consi/5t ) ! environm5t ( ! *ild :o is to use !m4 ,!y %\ld be con/ruct$ simply s t !y may s]ve z models = o!r toys to be con/ruct$ by ! *ildr54 ,!y %\ld sugge/ some?+ besides dome/ic play s t ! *ild's int]e/ may be l$ to activities outside ! home life4 ,!y %\ld be durable because !y are ! realities ( a *ild's _w & des]ve ! dignity ( good workman%ip4 ,illu/ration3 ,*ildr5 re-create ! _w z !y see x ) ! equipm5t !y h at h& ,illu/ration3 ,a h\se ( blocks499 ,,floor ,,games ,!re comes back to me ! memory ( an enorm\s room ) its ceil+ go+ up to heav54444 ,x is ! floor ,i ?9k ( *iefly1 ov] ! oilclo? ( :i*1 assum$ to be l&1 spread t[ns & villages & =ts ( wood5 bricks444! cracks & spaces ( ! floor & ! b>e br[n surr\nd 7 ! wat] *annels & op5 sea ( t cont95t ( m9e4444 ,ju/ice has nev] be5 done to bricks & soldi]s by ^? :o write ab\t toys--my bricks & my soldi]s 7 my p]petual drama4 ,i recall an incessant v>iety ( int]e/s4 ,!re 0 ! my/]y & *>m ( ! complicat$ build+s "o c\ld make1 ) long passages & /eps & w9d[s ?r\gh :i* "o c\ld peep into _! intricacies1 & by means ( slips ( c>d "o c\ld make slant+ ways 9 !m1 & s5d m>bles roll+ f top to base & !nce out into ! hold ( a wait+ %ip4444 ,& !re 0 comm]ce2 ! %ops & m>kets & /or]ooms full ( na/urtium se$1 ?rift se$1 lup9 beans & su*-l prov5d] f ! g>d52 su* /uff "o /or$ 9 mat* boxes & pill boxes or pack$ 9 sacks ( old glove f+]s ti$ up ) ?read & s5t (f by wagons along ! great milit>y road to ! beleagu]$ =tress on ! ,indian fronti] beyond ! worn places t 7 dismal swamps4444 ,i f9d ?is empire ( ! floor mu* m vivid 9 my memory n[ ?an _m ( ! own]s ( ! skirts & legs & boots t w5t g+]ly across its t]ritories4 ,h4 ,g4 ,,wells1 ,! ,new ,ma*iavelli1 ,*apt] #b4 ,illu/ration3 ,! unsocial novice ,n[h]e else1 p]haps1 n ev5 9 8 ,floor ,games & ,little ,w>s has ,mr4 ,wells1 or any o!r au?or succe$$ 9 draw+ s conv9c+ a picture ( ! possibilities ( con/ructive play z is to be f\nd 9 ^? pages1 all too brief1 9 ,! ,new ,ma*iavelli :]e ! play laboratory at ,brom/ead is describ$4 ,"o c imag9e ! eag] boy :o play$ !re look+ back across ! ye>s /rong 9 ! conviction t x c\ld n h be5 improv$1 & yet ! picture ( a *ild at solit>y play is n1 aft] all1 ! ideal picture4 ,our laboratory1 :ile x mu/ accommodate ! unsocial novice & make provision = individual ent]prise at all ages & /ages1 mu/ be above all ! place :]e ! give & take ( gr\p play w develop along ) block villages & o!r community life 9 m9iature4 ,,floor ,,blocks ,9 8 rem9isc5ces ( 8 boyhood play ,mr4 ,wells lays emphasis on 8 great good =tune 9 possess+ a special set ( bricks made to ord] & !re=e suffici5t 9 numb] = ! ambiti\s floor games he describes4 ,comp>atively few adults c look back to ! possession ( simil> play mat]ial1 & s a majority _c realize h[ x outweighs 9 value e o!r type ( toy t c be provid$4 ,:]e ! budget = equipm5t is limit$1 floor blocks c be cut by ! local c>p5t] or1 9 a s*ool1 by ! manual tra9+ dep>tm5t4 ,! blocks 9 use at ,! ,play ,s*ool 7see cut1 p4 #bj7 are ( :ite wood1 ! unit block be+ #a-c_/h ,x #b-c_/d ,x #e-a_/b4 ,!y range 9 size f half units & diagonals to blocks f\r times ! unit 9 l5g? 7#bb74 ,illu/ration3 ,! ,hill ,floor ,blocks at ! ,gregory ,av5ue ,s*ool ,at pres5t !re is b "o set ( blocks on ! m>ket t corresponds to ! "o ,mr4 ,wells describes4 ,^! are ! ,hill ,floor ,blocks1 manufactur$ & sold by ,a4 ,s*o5hut ,co41 ( ,philadelphia4 ,!y are ( h>d maple & come 9 sev5 sizes1 f #c squ>es to oblongs ( #bd1 ! unit block be+ #f 9 l5g?4 ,!re are #fhj pieces 9 a set4 ,half & qu>t] sets are also obta9able4 ,!y are ! inv5tion ( ,pr(essor ,patty ,smi? ,hill ( ,tea*]s ,college1 ,columbia ,univ]sity1 & are us$ 9 ,! ,tea*]s ,college ,k9d]g>t5 & 9 _m o!r s*ools4 ,illu/ration3 ,useful alike to build]s & cab9et mak]s ,illu/ration3 ,advanc$ rese>* 9 ,peg-,lock con/ruction ,! ,s*ool ( ,*ildhood at ! ,univ]sity ( ,pittsburgh makes use ( sev]al v>ieties ( blocks1 "s ( comm]cial manufacture1 o!rs cut to ord]4 ,! li/ giv5 is z foll[s3,c ,a4 ,ne/ ( blocks4 ,b4 ,l>ge blocks made to ord] ( h>d maple 9 five sizes3 ,cubes1 #e ,x #e4 ,oblongs1 #b-a_/b ,x #e ,x #aj4 ,triangul> prisms made by cutt+ cube diagonally into two & f\r p>ts4 ,pill>s made by cutt+ oblongs into two p>ts4 ,pl9?s made by cutt+ oblongs into two p>ts4 ,light weight #ab bo>ds1 #c'-j to #g'-j long4 ,c4 ,froebel's enl>g$ fif? & six? gifts4 ,d4 ,/one ,an*or blocks4 ,e4 ,ar*itectural blocks = flat =ms4 ,f4 ,peg-,lock blocks4 ,z *ildr5 become m dext]\s & m ambiti\s 9 _! block con/ruction1 ! ,peg-,lock ,blocks w be f\nd increas+ly valuable4 ,^! are a type ( block unkn[n to ,mr4 ,wells1 b h[ he w\ld h revell$ 9 ! possession ( a set6 ,!y are manufactur$ by ! ,peg-,lock ,block ,co4 ( ,new ,york4 ,cut on a small] scale ?an ! o!r blocks describ$1 !y are equipp$ ) holes & pegs1 by :i* !y may be securely jo9$4 ,?is admits ( a type ( con/ruction entirely outside ! possibilities ( o!r blocks4 ,!y come 9 sets ( v>y+ sizes & 9 a great v>iety ( %apes4 ,! ,s*ool ( ,*ildhood uses !m ext5sively1 z does ,! ,play ,s*ool4 ,footnote ,c3 ,see ,univ]sity ( ,pittsburgh ,bullet91 ,report ( ! ,exp]im5tal ,"w 9 ! ,s*ool ( ,*ildhood4 ,illu/ration3 ,small wood5 toy499 ,,floor ,,toys ,! ,d-) ,toys %[n 9 ! accompany+ cuts 7 design$ by ,miss ,c>ol9e ,pratt "s ye>s ago to meet ! ne$ g5]ally felt by devotees ( ! play laboratory ( a consi/5t s]ies ( toys to be us$ ) floor blocks4 ,= if ! m>ket ( ! pres5t day c (f] some?+ m adequate 9 ! way ( blocks ?an 0 g5]ally available 9 ,mr4 ,wells' boyhood1 ! same is n true :5 x comes to facilities = peopl+ & /ock+ ! result+ f>ms & communities t develop4 ,mr4 ,wells tells u t = 8 floor games he us$ t9 soldi]s & su* animals z he c\ld get--we "k ! k9d1 ! lion small] ?an ! lamb1 & b>ny>d f[l d\btless ov]topp+ ! comm&+ (fic]4 ,su* comb9ations h be5 kn[n to *ildr5 ( all g5]ations & play ( ! k9d ,mr4 ,wells describes goes on 9 spite ( ! inconsi/5cy ( ! mat]ials suppli$4 ,illu/ration3 ,small wood5 toy499 ,b :5 we consid] fo/]+ su* play1 & develop+ its possibilities = educational ends1 ! "q arises :e!r ?is is ! be/ provision t c be made1 or if ! traditional mat]ial c\ld be improv$1 j z ! traditions conc]n+ blocks are be+ improv$4 ,illu/ration3 ,small wood5 toy499 ,a few pione]s h be5 exp]im5t+ 9 ?is field = "s ye>s pa/4 ,no "o ( !m is ready ) f9al conclusions b among !m op9ion is unanim\s t con/ructive play is /imulat$ by an initial supply ( consi/5t play mat]ial calculat$ to sugge/ supplem5t>y play mat]ial ( a k9d *ildr5 c manufacture = !mselves4 ,illu/ration3 ,small wood5 toy499 ,blocks are ( c\rse ! mo/ important type ( initial mat]ial to be provid$2 beyond ?is ! g5]ally accept$ hypo!sis is embodi$ 9 ! ,d-) s]ies :i* provides1 fir/ a doll family ( proportions suit$ to block h\ses1 !n a set ( f>m animals & c>ts1 !n a set ( wild animals1 all design$ on ! same size scale1 ( con/ruction simple en\gh to be copi$ at ! b5*1 & sugge/+1 ea* set aft] its k9d1 a ho/ ( supplem5t>y toys1 limit$ 9 v>iety & 9 numb]s only by ! exp]i5ce ( ! *ild conc]n$ & by 8 ability to con/ruct !m4 ,illu/ration3 ,small wood5 toy499 ,illu/ration3 ,small wood5 toy499 ,illu/ration3 ,small wood5 toy499 ,?is work+ hypo!sis = ! selection ( toys is z yet b little und]/ood ei!r by ^? :o buy or ^? :o sell play mat]ials4 ,! comm]cial deal] decl>es ) tru? t !re is too little dem& to ju/ify plac+ su* a s]ies on ! m>ket4 ,n only does he refuse to make ,d-)s b he provides no adequate sub/itutes4 ,8 wood5 toys are m]ely wood5 ornam5ts )\t relation to any s]ies & )\t playability1 immobile1 reasonless1 = ! philosophy ( ! play laboratory is q unkn[n to ! mak]s ( play mat]ials1 :ile ^? :o buy are guid$ almo/ entirely by conv5tion & h no bett] /&>d by :i* to e/imate :at con/itutes _! money's wor?4 ,illu/ration3 ,small wood5 toy499 ,on ! o!r h& en?usia/s raise ! "q1 :y supply any toys8 ,is x n bett] = *ildr5 to make all _! toys8 ,& z ,miss ,pratt says1 gett+ ready = play is mi/ak5 = play itself4 ,illu/ration3 ,small wood5 toy499 ,illu/ration3 ,small wood5 toy499 ,too mu* gett+ ready kills real play1 & if our purpose is to fo/] & enri* ! actual activity1 we mu/ und]/& ! subtle value ( initial play mat]ials1 ( hav+ at h& ready = ! prompt+s ( play impulse ! necess>y f\ndation /ones on :i* a sup]/ructure ( improvisation c be re>$4 ,illu/ration3 ,transportation ,toys ,illu/ration3 ,a trunk l9e ,:5 by hook or crook ! devotees ( floor games h secur$ a population & live /ock = _! block communities1 !n1 z ,mr4 ,wells rem9ds u1 comes comm]ce & 9 h] wake transportation problems to tax ! inv5tive g5ius ( ! laboratory4 ,simple transportation toys are ! next ne$1 & suitable ones c g5]ally1 ?\gh n always1 be obta9$ 9 ! %ops4 ,a few well-*os5 pieces = initial mat]ial w soon be supplem5t$ by ,peg-lock or b5*-made contrivances4 ,= railroad tracks ! block supply (f]s possibilities bett] adapt$ to ! ages we are consid]+ ?an any ( ! elaborate rail sy/ems t are sold ) ! high-pric$ me*anical toys s fasc9at+ to adult m9ds4 ,additional curv$ blocks correspond+ to ! unit block 9 wid? & ?ickness are a great boon to eng9e]s1 = :at is a railroad )\t curves6 ,transportation toys c be p]fectly satisfactory :5 n made /rictly to scale4 ,inde$1 ! exig5cies ( ! situation g5]ally dem& t reali/s be satisfi$ ) r wide dep>tures f ! g5]al rule4 ,tra9 s]vice1 h[ev]1 %\ld accommodate at lea/ "o pass5g] to a c>4 ,illu/ration3 ,play area499 ,,l>ge ,,& ,,small ,,scale ,,toys ,! floor s*eme pictur$ "h is a good illu/ration ( our pr9ciples ( selection appli$ to toys ( l>g] scale4 ,! dolls1 ! tea set1 ! *airs are f ! toy %op4 ,! little table 9 ! =egr\nd1 & ! b$ are b5* made4 ,! b$d+ is ( home manufacture1 ! j>d9i]e too1 is ( modell+ clay1 gaily pa9t$ ) wat] colors4 ,! tea table & /ove are improvis$ f blocks z is ! ba? room1 ?r\gh ! door ( :i* a block tub may be se54 ,! scre5 us$ z a p>tition at ! back is "o ( ! ,play ,s*ool prop]ties ) l>ge %eets ( pap] z panels4 7,see cut p4 #bj47 ,!re are "s important diff]5ces1 h[ev]1 betwe5 ! cont5t ( a play s*eme l ?is & "o ( ! k9d we h be5 consid]+ 7see cut page #cj74 ,^! result f ! size & "* ( ! initial play mat]ial1 = dolls l ^! invite an entirely diff]5t type ( treatm5t4 ,"o _c build villages1 or provide ext5sive railroad facilities = !m1 nor does "o reg>d !m 9 ! imp]sonal way t ! ,d-) family1 or ,mr4 ,wells' soldi]s1 are reg>d$1 z incid5tals 9 a g5]al s*eme ( ?+s4 ,^! be+s hold ! c5tre ( _! little /age4 ,!y call = affection & solicitude1 & ! k9d ( play into :i* !y fit is m limit$ 9 scope1 less /irr+ to ! imag9ation1 b m usual 9 ! exp]i5ce ( *ildr51 because play mat]ial ( ?is type is m pl5tifully provid$ ?an is any o!r &1 c5t]+ att5tion z x does on ! furni%+s & ut5sils ( ! home1 requires less contact ) or in=mation ab\t1 ! _w outside & its activities to provide ! m5tal cont5t = int]e/+ play4 ,illu/ration3 ,a ,furni%$ ,ap>tm5t at ! ,e?ical ,culture ,s*ool ,9 ! epo*s ( play developm5t int]e/ 9 ^! l>g] scale toys prec$es t 9 m complicat$ s*emes ) small] ones4 ,mr4 ,wells' /ress on ! desirability ( a toy soldi] population really reflects an adult view4 ,= play on ! toy soldi] & pap] doll scale develops late/ ( all1 & because ( ! opportunities x af=ds = s*emes ( correspond+ly great] m5tal cont5t makes special appeal to ! adult imag9ation4 ,play mat]ial small] ?an ! ,d-) models & bett] adapt$ to ?is late/ p]iod ?an are ei!r soldi]s or pap] dolls rema9s "o ( ! unexplor$ possibilities = ! toy trade ( ! future4 ,illu/ration3 ,supplem5t>y 7,a small toy tra947 ,illu/ration3 ,a play laundry499 ,,h\sekeep+ ,,play ,mat]ials = h\sekeep+ play are ( two g5]al k9ds1 accord+ to size--^? int5d$ = ! conv5i5ce ( dolls1 & ^? ( l>g] scale = *ildr5's use4 ,! l>g] k9d %\ld be /rong en\gh & well en\gh made to p]mit ( actual processes4 ,pl5tiful z su* mat]ials are 9 ! %ops1 x is difficult to assemble any?+ approa*+ a complete outfit on ! same size scale4 ,"o may sp5d days 9 ! attempt to get toge!r "o z satisfactory z t pictur$ "h4 ,! reason seems to be t = consid]ations ( trade su* toys are made & sold 9 sets ( a few pieces ea*4 ,if deal]s w\ld g a /ep fur!r & plan _! sets 9 s]ies1 made to scale & supplem5t+ ea* o!r1 !y w\ld bett] s]ve ! requirem5ts ( play1 &1 x w\ld seem1 _! own int]e/s z well4 ,,/orekeep+ ,,play ,f h\sekeep+ play to /orekeep+ play is a logical /ep & "o ab\nd+ 9 possibilities = lead+ int]e/ beyond ! horizon l9e ( home environm5t4 ,bett] ?an any toy equipm5t & )9 rea* ( e h\sehold budget is a /ore l ! "o pictur$ "h :]e real c>tons1 boxes1 t9s & j>s are us$4 ,illu/ration3 ,a ,groc]y ,/ore at ! ,e?ical ,culture ,s*ool ,s*ools c (t5 obta9 new unfill$ c>tons f manufactur]s4 ,! ,fels-,naph?a & ,national ,biscuit companies are especially cordial to reque/s ( ?is k9d1 & c>tons f ! latt] firm are good = beg9n]s1 z prices are pla9ly m>k$ & involve only dime & nickel computation4 ,! magaz9e ,educational ,f\ndations ma9ta9s a dep>tm5t :i* collects su* equipm5t & furni%es x to public s*ools on _! subscrib]s' li/4 ,sample packages add to int]e/ & a small supply ( actual /aples 9 bulk1 or ( s&1 sawdu/1 *aff1 etc41 = weigh+ & measur+ %\ld be provid$ z well z pap]1 /r+1 & pap] bags ( assort$ sizes4 ,small scales1 & inexp5sive sets ( /&>d measures1 dry & liquid1 c be obta9$ ( ,milton ,bradley & o!r s*ool supply h\ses4 ,a toy telephone & toy money w add cont5t1 & = old] *ildr5 a price & sign m>k] 7,milton ,bradley7 is a valuable addition4 ,! ,s*ool ( ,*ildhood 7,pittsburgh7 li/ includes ! foll[+ miscellane\s articles = h\se & /ore play3 spoons v>i\s siz$ boxes /ones pebbles buttons %ells spools bells enl>g$ /icks ( ! k9d]g>t5 ribbon bolts fill$ ) s& rice %ot bottles1 etc4 ,,craft ,,& ,,color ,,mat]ials ,mat]ials ( ?is k9d are a valuable "p ( any play equipm5t4 ,( ! l>ge assortm5t c>ri$ by k9d]g>t5 & s*ool supply h\ses ! foll[+ are be/ adapt$ to ! ne$s ( ! play laboratory3 ,modell+ ,mat]ials--,modell+ clay & pla/ic9e1 f> f be+ ! same1 are supplem5t>y mat]ials1 ea* adapt$ to uses = :i* ! o!r is unsuit$4 ,weav+ ,mat]ials--,raphia1 basketry re$1 color$ wor/$s1 cotton rov+1 jute & macrame cord c be us$ = _m purposes4 ,mat]ial = ,pap] ,"w--,heavy oak tag1 manila1 & bogus pap]s = cutt+ & con/ruction come 9 %eets ( diff]5t sizes4 ,color$ pap]s1 bo? coat$ 7color$ on "o side7 & eng9e color$ 7color$ on bo? sides7 are bett] adapt$ to laboratory purposes :5 obta9able 9 l>ge %eets in/ead ( ! regulation k9d]g>t5 squ>es4 ,color$ tissue pap]s1 scissors & libr>y pa/e are always 9 dem&4 ,color ,mat]ials--,crayons1 wat] color pa9ts1 *alks 7= blackbo>d use7 are be/ adapt$ to ! ne$s ( play :5 suppli$ 9 a v>iety ( colors & %ades4 ,= draw+ & pa9t+ co>se pap] %\ld be furni%$ 9 quantity & 9 %eets ( diff]+ sizes4 ,if *ildr5 are let alone ) pap] & crayons !y w quickly le>n to use ^! toys q z effectively z !y d blocks & dolls4 ,illu/ration3 ,*ildr5 play+ ) wagon499 ,,toys ,,= ,,active ,,play ,,& ,,outdoor ,,tools ,among ! _m desirable toys = active play ! foll[+ des]ve honorable m5tion3 ,express wagon ,sl$ ,horse re9s ,coa/] or ,scoot] ,velocip$e 7& o!r adaptations ( ! bicycle = beg9n]s7 ,football 7small size ,association ball7 ,indoor baseball ,rubb] balls 7v>i\s sizes7 ,bean bags ,/eam] quoits ,z 9 ! case ( ! c>p5t]'s b5* x is poor economy to supply any b good tools = ! y>d & g>d54 ,ev5 ! be/ g>d5 sets = *ildr5 are s f> inf]ior to ^? made = adults z to r5d] !m unsatisfactory & exp5sive by comp>ison4 ,x is !re=e bett] to get light weight pieces 9 ! small] /&>d sizes & cut d[n long wood5 h&les = great] conv5i5ce4 ,! "o exception to be not$ is ! boy's %ovel suppli$ by ! ,pet] ,h5d]son company4 ,?is is 9 e respect z /rong & well made z ! regulation sizes & a complete s]ies to ! same scale & ( ! same /&>d w\ld meet a decid$ ne$ 9 *ildr5's equipm5t :]e light weight is imp]ative & h>d we> unavoidable4 ,9 addition to ! g>d5 set ( %ovel1 rake1 hoe1 tr[el & :eel-b>r[1 a small cr[-b> is useful ab\t ! y>d &1 9 w9t]1 a light sn[ %ovel is an advantage4 ,,jean ,,lee ,,hunt4 ,illu/ration3 ,small wood5 toy499 ,illu/ration3 ,small wood5 toy499 ,illu/ration3 ,small wood5 toy499 ,a small p]man5t exhibit ( ! play equipm5t describ$ may be se5 at ! ,bureau ( ,educational ,exp]im5ts1 #af ,we/ #h? ,/reet1 ,new ,york1 & is occasionally loan$4 ,,sugge/$ ,,read+ ,= conv5i5ce x has seem$ well to divide ! foll[+ li/ into two p>ts--! fir/ devot$ to ! discussion ( !ory1 ! o!r (f]+ concrete sugge/ions4 ,su* a division is arbitr>y1 ( c\rse4 ,no bett] exposition ( !ory c be f\nd ?an is conta9$ 9 "s ( ^! ref]5ces deal+ ) actual laboratory usage & furni%+s4 ,on ! o!r h& ! two books by ,dr4 ,kilpatrick1 ) _! illum9at+ analysis ( didactic mat]ials1 af=d _m concrete sugge/ions1 at lea/ on ! negative side4 ,,"p ,i4 ,,*amb]l91 ,a4 ,e4 ,! ,*ild3 ,a ,/udy 9 ! ,evolution ( ,man1 ,scribn]1 #aiag4 ,*ap4 ,i1 ,! ,mean+ ( ! ,helplessness ( ,infancy4 ,*ap4 ,,ii1 ,! ,mean+ ( ,y\? & ,play4 ,*ap4 ,,iv1 ,! ,p]iods ( ,*ildhood4 ,,dewey1 ,,john ,democracy & ,education1 ,macmillan1 #aiaf4 ,*ap4 ,,xv1 ,play & ,"w 9 ! ,curriculum4 ,h[ ,we ,?9k1 ,d4 ,c4 ,hea? & ,co4 ,*ap4 ,,xvii1 ,play1 ,"w1 & ,alli$ ,=ms ( ,activity4 ,*ap4 ,,xvi1 ,process & ,product4 ,int]e/ & ,ef=t 9 ,education1 ,h\ghton ,miffl9 ,co41 #aiac4 ,*ap4 ,,iv1 ,! ,psy*ology ( ,occupations4 ,! ,s*ool & ,society1 ,univ]sity ( ,*icago ,press1 #aiaf4 ,*ap4 ,,iv1 ,! ,psy*ology ( ,occupations4 ,*ap4 ,,vii1 ,! ,developm5t ( ,att5tion4 ,cyclop$ia ( ,education1 ,edit$ by ,paul ,monroe1 ,macmillan ,co4 ,articles on ,infancy1 ,play4 ,,dopp1 ,,ka!r9e ,e4 ,! ,place ( ,indu/ries 9 ,elem5t>y ,education1 ,univ]sity ( ,*icago ,press1 #aiae4 ,,groos1 ,,k>l ,! ,play ( ,man1 ,appleton1 #aiaf4 ,,hall1 ,g4 ,,/anley ,educational ,problems1 ,appleton1 #aiaa4 ,*ap4 ,i1 ,! ,p$agogy ( ! ,k9d]g>t54 ,y\?3 ,its ,regim5 & ,hygi5e1 ,appleton1 #aiaf4 ,*ap4 ,,vi1 ,play1 ,sports & ,games4 ,,kilpatrick1 ,,william ,,he>d ,! ,montessori ,sy/em ,exam9$1 ,h\ghton ,miffl91 #aiad4 ,froebel's ,k9d]g>t5 ,pr9ciples ,critically ,exam9$1 ,macmillan1 #aiaf4 ,,lee1 ,,joseph ,play 9 ,education1 ,macmillan1 #aiae4 ,,wood1 ,,walt] ,*ildr5's ,play & ,its ,place 9 ,education1 ,duffield1 #aiac4 ,,"p ,,ii4 ,,arnold1 ,,dr4 ,e4 ,h4 ,"s ,inexp5sive ,playgr\nd ,app>atus1 ,bullet9 ,no4 #bg1 ,playgr\nd ,association ( ,am]ica & ,playgr\nd ,ext5sion ,committee ( ,! ,russell ,sage ,f\ndation4 ,,dem+1 ,,lucile ,p4 ,,& ,,o!rs ,play?+s1 ,bullet9 ,no4 ,i4 ,! ,play ,s*ool1 ,bullet9 ,no4 ,,iii4 ,! ,*ildr5's ,s*ool1 ,! ,tea*]s ,college ,playgr\nd1 ,! ,gregory ,s*ool1 ,bullet9 ,no4 ,,iv4 ,bureau ( ,educational ,exp]im5ts publications1 #aiag4 ,,*amb]s1 ,,w ,,grant ,,& ,,o!rs ,report ( ! ,exp]im5tal ,"w 9 ! ,s*ool ( ,*ildhood1 ,univ]sity ( ,pittsburgh ,bullet91 #aiaf4 ,,cook1 ,h4 ,,caldwell ,! ,play ,way1 ,/okes ,co41 #aiag4 ,,corb91 ,,alice ,m4 ,h[ to ,equip a ,playroom3 ! ,pittsburgh ,plan1 ,bullet9 ,no4 #aah1 ,playgr\nd & ,recreation ,association ( ,am]ica1 #aiac4 ,,dewey1 ,,john ,,& ,,evelyn ,s*ools ( ,to-morr[1 ,dutton1 #aiae4 ,*ap4 ,v1 ,play4 ,,hall1 ,g4 ,,/anley ,aspects ( ,*ild ,life1 ,g9n1 #aiad4 ,! ,/ory ( a ,s& ,pile4 ,,he!r+ton1 ,,cl>k ,w4 ,! ,demon/ration ,play ,s*ool ( #aiac1 ,univ]sity ( ,cali=nia ,bullet91 #aiad4 ,,hill1 ,,patty ,,smi? ,,& ,,o!rs ,exp]im5tal ,/udies 9 ,k9d]g>t5 ,education1 ,tea*]s ,college publications1 #aiae4 ,,johnson1 ,,george ,e4 ,education by ,plays & ,games1 ,g9n ,co41 #aijg4 ,,lee1 ,,joseph ,play = ,home1 ,bullet9 ,no4 #ajb1 ,playgr\nd & ,recreation ,association ( ,am]ica4 ,,read1 ,,m>y ,l4 ,! ,mo!rcraft ,manual1 ,little1 ,br[n ,co41 #aiaf4 ,,wells1 ,h4 ,g4 ,floor ,games1 ,small1 ,mayn>d ,co41 #aiab4 ,! ,new ,ma*iavelli1 ,duffield ,co41 #aiaj4 ,*ap4 ,,ii1 ,brom/ead & ,my ,fa!r4