,,history ,,plays for ,,the ,,grammar ,,grades ,copyrighted1 #aibb1 ,mary ,ella ,lyng ,to ,,miss ,,cora ,,gallagher ,principal of ,,mckinley ,,school ,in appreciation of a pleasant association and many kindnesses4 ,,introduction ,the play idea will always appeal to the minds of children4 ,history1 so often thought to be a dry subject1 is made a live wide awake game when the pupils live the parts4 ,the great men and women of history are made real to them4 ,this method has been worked out by the pupils in the fifth grade in the ,mc,kinley ,school in ,san ,francisco and found to be most successful4 ,the chief characters in ,mace's ,beginners ,history1 the ,california ,state ,text1 have been dramatized4 ,the children read the story and study by outline4 ,then with the help of the teacher the important events are made into a play4 ,much outside reading is encouraged4 ,this awakens an interest in good reading and an ability to do independent studying4 ,the lives of great men and women represent great things4 ,studying about these people is an inspiration to the children for the bigger and nobler things of life4 ,lives of great men1 all remind us ,we can make our lives sublime1 ,and departing leave behind us-- ,footprints on the sands of time4 --,longfellow4 ,,mary ,,ella ,,lyng ,,contents ,,christopher ,,columbus #e ,,john ,,smith and ,,pocahontas #g ,,sir ,,walter ,,raleigh #h ,,william ,,penn #aj ,,sir ,,francis ,,drake #aa ,,pilgrims #ac ,,george ,,washington #ae ,,george ,,rogers ,,clark #bj ,,andrew ,,jackson #ba ,,john ,c4 ,,fremont #bd ,,webster1 ,,clay and ,,calhoun #bg ,,the ,,story ,,of ,,abraham ,,lincoln #cc ,,grant ,,and ,,lee #ce ,,robert ,e4 ,,lee #cf ,,some ,,women ,,of ,,history #ch ,,christopher ,,columbus ,,introduction3 ,christopher ,columbus was born in ,genoa1 ,italy1 more than four hundred and fifty years ago4 ,genoa was a rich town on the ,mediterranean ,sea4 ,she had trading routes to ,india1 ,china and ,japan4 ,columbus was fond of stories of the sea and liked the study of geography4 ,he was anxious to go to sea and while a boy made his first voyage4 ,when he grew up to be a man1 he went to ,lisbon the capital of ,portugal4 ,the bold deeds of ,henry of ,portugal drew many seamen to this city4 ,lisbon was full of learned men and sailors longing to go on long voyages4 ,these sailors had tried to find a shorter way to ,india but without success4 ,columbus thought this could be done by going directly west4 ,he thought the world round although most people at that time thought it flat4 ,after many trails he laid his plans before the ,court of the ,king of ,spain4 ,the first act will be ,columbus at the ,court of ,spain4 ,,act ,i4 ,king and ,queen on throne--courtiers around4 ,columbus enters and bows before king and queen4 ,q4 ,,isabella3 ,you have come to us to talk about a shorter way to ,india8 ,,columbus3 ,yes1 your ,majesty4 ,according to this map and the proof ,i have gathered1 ,i believe ,india to be directly west4 ,i have gone on long voyages and have talked to many seamen about the signs of land to the westward4 ,i believe the world to be round and if your ,majesty could aid me ,i know ,i could find this shorter route4 ,,queen3 ,we would be glad indeed to aid you1 but at the present time ,spain has little money4 ,the war has taken so much4 ,,wise ,,man ,,of ,,spain3 ,your ,majesty1 this man thinks the world round4 ,that is foolish4 ,if you use your eyes you can see it is flat4 ,to sail westward in the hope of getting to ,india is impossible and ridiculous4 ,,wise ,,man3 ,your ,majesty1 ,i think this man right4 ,he says the world is round and ,i think if we study carefully1 we will find it is so4 ,if it is possible we should give him a chance4 ,end of ,act ,i4 ,,act ,,ii4 ,,introduction3 ,columbus receiving little encouragement and after several years of waiting1 set out to try his fortune in ,france4 ,he stopped at a convent to beg for some bread4 ,the ,prior became interested in his plan and went to the ,court of ,spain1 and begged the ,queen not to allow ,columbus to go to ,france but to help him in his plans4 ,the next act will be ,columbus talking to ,queen4 ,,queen3 ,columbus1 ,i will pledge my jewels in order to raise the money for a fleet4 ,i will fit out an expedition and make you ,governor over the land you discover4 ,,columbus3 ,thank you1 your ,majesty4 ,the lands discovered will be taken up in the name of the ,king of ,spain4 ,,queen3 ,will you take a vow to use the riches you obtain to help drive out the ,turks from the ,holy ,city of ,jerusalem8 ,,columbus3 ,i will take that vow4 7,columbus takes vow74 ,end of ,act ,,ii4 ,the voyage across the ocean was a long and tiresome one4 ,the sailors became discouraged and wanted to return to ,spain4 ,columbus kept on and finally was rewarded4 ,the next act will be the discovery of land4 ,,act ,,iii4 7,columbus talking to sailors37 ,,columbus3 ,i rejoice my friends that you have had the grace to chant the vesper hymn in so devout a spirit at a moment when there is so much reason to be grateful to ,god for ,his goodness to us4 ,what cheering signs have encouraged us to persevere4 ,the birds in the air1 the unusual fishes in the sea and the plants seldom met far from rocks where they grow4 ,i deem it probable that we reach the land this very night4 ,i call on you all to be watchful4 7,columbus and ,luis walk apart from the other sailors4 ,columbus a little in advance1 stops1 calls ,luis47 ,,columbus3 ,luis6 ,look in that direction1 seest thou aught uncommon8 ,,luis3 ,i saw a light1 ,senor4 ,,columbus3 ,thine eyes did not deceive thee4 ,,luis3 ,what think you1 ,don ,christopher8 ,,columbus3 ,land6 ,bid ,rodrigo ,sanchez of ,segovia to come hither4 7,rodrigo ,sanchez comes4 ,all look for light74 ,,columbus3 ,this is land4 ,we will behold it soon4 7,sailors come up and look4 ,all exclaim1 ,land6 ,land67 ,,columbus3 ,see the land1 ,luis8 ,,luis3 ,yes4 ,,columbus3 ,behold the ,indies6 ,praise be to ,god6 ,end of ,columbus ,act4 ,,john ,,smith and ,,pocahontas ,,introduction3 ,john ,smith was the savior of ,virginia4 ,he was an officer in the new colony sent out to ,jamestown4 ,captain ,newport one of ,raleigh's old sea captains brought a colony of one hundred settlers to ,america4 ,the first act will be ,captain ,newport talking to some ,london merchants4 ,,first ,,merchant3 ,the ,king has given us a charter for our new colony in ,america4 ,,second ,,merchant3 ,we need some men of adventure4 ,,capt4 ,,newport3 ,i know a man1 ,john ,smith1 who could make the colony a success4 ,he has had as wonderful adventures as the knights of old4 ,he has just returned from fighting the ,turks4 ,,merchant3 ,we will see if the ,king will make him one of the officers in the company4 ,end of ,act ,i4 ,,act ,,ii4 ,,introduction3 ,smith was made an officer but was not allowed to take part in governing the ,colony but resolved to help by visiting the ,indians and gathering food for the ,colony4 ,the next act will be ,smith in the ,indian village4 7,powhatan sitting around bench4 ,his wives sit at his side4 ,women and children stand around4 ,in front stood ,powhatan's fierce warriors4 ,two big stones are rolled in front of ,powhatan4 ,two warriors rush to ,smith1 drag him to the stones and force his head upon one of them74 7,pocahontas the chief's daughter rushes in47 ,,pocahontas3 ,save his life6 ,do not kill him6 ,,powhatan3 ,your life is saved4 ,you will be my son and play with my daughter4 ,end of ,act ,,ii4 ,,act ,,iii4 ,,introduction3 ,after awhile ,smith returned to ,jamestown4 ,he found much trouble among the settlers4 ,he took command and with the help of ,pocahontas the little ,indian maiden1 restored order and saved them from starvation4 ,pocahontas was ever afterwards called ,the good angel of the ,colony4 ,the next act will be ,smith talking to the settlers4 ,,smith3 7,making speech74 ,every one of us must work4 ,he that will not work shall not eat4 ,you shall not only gather for yourself1 but for those that are sick4 ,they shall not starve4 ,some of you will plant grain1 others will build better houses4 ,if this will take place we will all be happier and more contented in ,virginia4 ,end of ,smith ,act4 ,,sir ,,walter ,,raleigh ,,introduction3 ,walter ,raleigh was the ,englishman who checked the power of the ,spanish in ,america4 ,he was a friend of ,queen ,elizabeth1 and first gained her friendship1 by an interesting incident4 ,this act tells the story4 ,,act ,i4 7,walter ,raleigh1 ,blount1 and ,tracy1 walking along shore see boat of the ,queen47 ,,blount3 ,see1 the ,queen's barge lies at the stairs4 ,we had best put back and tell the ,earl what we have seen4 ,,raleigh3 ,tell the ,earl what we have seen6 ,let us do his errand1 and tell him what the ,queen says in reply4 ,,blount3 ,do1 ,i pray you1 my dear ,walter1 let us take the boat and return4 ,,raleigh3 ,not till ,i see the ,queen come forth4 7,queen comes1 ,raleigh removes his hat and stands close to ,queen as she approaches with her court4 ,she hesitates to pass miry spot4 ,raleigh takes coat from shoulder and lays it on the ground4 ,queen looks at ,raleigh and passes on74 ,,blount3 ,come along1 ,sir ,coxcomb1 your gay mantle will need the brush today1 ,i wot4 ,,raleigh3 ,this cloak shall never be brushed while in my possession4 ,,blount3 ,that will not be long1 if you learn not a little more economy4 7,member of court comes after ,raleigh4 ,queen and court at water's edge1 waiting74 ,,courtier3 ,i was sent to bring a gentleman who has no coat1 you1 sir1 ,i think4 ,please follow me4 ,,blount3 ,he is in attendance on me1 the noble ,earl of ,sussex1 ,master of ,horse4 ,,courtier3 ,i have nothing to say to that4 ,my orders are from her ,majesty4 7,walter and man walk toward ,queen74 ,,blount3 ,who in the world would have thought it6 7,raleigh is brought to ,queen1 who laughs1 and talks to attendants74 ,,queen3 ,you have this day spoiled a gay mantle in our service4 ,we thank you for your service1 though the manner of offering was something bold4 ,,raleigh3 ,in a sovereign's need1 it is each man's duty to be bold4 ,,queen3 7,speaking to attendant74 ,that is well said1 my lord4 7,to ,raleigh7 ,well1 young man1 your gallantry shall not go unrewarded4 ,thou shalt have a suit1 and that of the newest cut4 ,,raleigh3 ,may it please your majesty1 but if it became me to choose-- ,,queen3 ,thou wouldst have gold8 ,fie1 young man4 ,yet1 thou mayest be poor4 ,it shall be gold4 ,but thou shall answer to me for the use of it4 ,,raleigh3 ,i do not wish gold1 your majesty4 ,,queen3 ,how1 boy1 neither gold nor garment6 ,what then8 ,,raleigh3 ,only permission to wear the cloak which did this trifling service4 ,,queen3 ,permission to wear thine own cloak1 thou silly boy8 ,,raleigh3 ,it is no longer mine4 ,when your majesty's foot touched it1 it became a fit mantle for a prince4 ,,queen3 ,heard you ever the like1 my ,lords8 ,what is thy name and birth8 ,,raleigh3 ,raleigh is my name4 ,,queen3 ,raleigh8 ,we have heard of you4 ,you may wear thy muddy cloak1 and here1 ,i give thee this1 to wear at the collar4 7,gives him a jewel of gold1 ,raleigh kneels1 and kisses hand of ,queen74 ,,william ,,penn ,,introduction3 ,william ,penn was a ,quaker and founded the city of ,brotherly ,love4 ,he was the son of a great naval officer1 ,admiral ,penn4 ,when he became a ,quaker his family were very much disgraced4 ,his father drove him from home4 ,the next act will be the meeting of ,king ,charles and ,william ,penn and others4 ,,act ,i4 7,king ,charles and ,court enter4 ,enter ,william ,penn and others4 ,all hats removed except ,king's and ,penn4 ,king removes his47 ,,penn3 ,friend ,charles1 why dost thou remove thy hat8 ,,king3 ,because wherever ,i am1 it is customary for but one to remain covered4 7,king passes on74 7,penn's father enters47 ,,penn ,,sr43 ,sir1 ,i will not permit such conduct toward the ,king4 ,leave this place at once4 ,end of ,act ,i4 ,,act ,,ii4 ,,introduction3 ,after ,penn's father died1 the ,king gave ,penn a grant of land in payment of a debt owed to his father4 ,penn invited all persecuted ,christians to the colony4 ,he gave the colonists the right to choose their own rules and to make their own laws4 ,he also gave them land for their houses and farms4 ,the next act will be ,penn making a treaty with the ,indians4 7,indians in row--,penn and people74 ,,penn3 7,talks to ,indians74 ,we are the same as if one man's body were divided into two parts4 ,we are all one flesh and one blood4 ,,indian ,,chief3 ,we will live in love with ,william ,penn and his children as long as the moon and the sun shall endure4 7,pipe of peace is smoked47 ,end of ,play4 ,,sir ,,francis ,,drake ,,introduction3 ,sir ,francis ,drake was the ,english ,dragon who sailed the ,spanish ,main and who singed the ,king of ,spain's beard4 ,he was a most daring seaman4 ,from boyhood he had been a sailor4 ,the first act will be ,drake at the ,court of ,queen ,elizabeth4 ,,act ,i4 ,,queen ,,elizabeth ,,and ,,court ,,first ,,maid ,,of ,,honor3 ,francis ,drake has returned from his voyage around the world4 ,,queen3 ,tell me about this ,francis ,drake4 ,,second ,,maid ,,of ,,honor3 ,he is a cousin of ,captain ,hawkins and was with him when he had command of a ship against ,mexico4 ,the ,spaniards killed many of the sailors and took all they had4 ,,court3 ,he hates the ,spanish because he thought they were plotting to kill your ,majesty4 ,,queen3 ,bring me to ,francis ,drake4 ,i will visit him on his ship4 7,enter ,queen and ,court47 ,,queen3 ,how do you do1 ,francis ,drake4 ,they tell me you have made a voyage around the world4 ,,drake3 ,yes1 your ,majesty4 ,,queen3 ,tell me of your trip4 ,,drake3 7,map and pointer showing the trip74 ,we left ,england and sailed straight for the ,strait of ,magellan4 ,i was determined to sail the ,pacific4 ,we entered this harbor4 ,this is where ,magellan spent a winter when he made his trip around the world4 ,one of my men will tell you what happened here4 ,,man3 ,we sailed safely through the ,strait but a terrible storm arose4 ,one of our ships were lost and one sailed for ,england4 ,we went from here1 south and here we saw the first great treasure ship4 ,we captured four hundred pounds of gold4 ,,drake3 ,week after week we sailed northward until we reached ,peru1 ,pizarro's conquered land4 ,,man3 ,here we saw another great treasure ship4 ,we pursued her and captured more than twenty tons of silver bars1 thirteen chests of silver and a great store of precious gems4 ,,drake3 ,we sailed northward and back again southward and spent a time in this beautiful bay4 ,i named the country ,new ,albion and took possession in your ,majesty's name4 ,,man3 ,the natives believed ,francis ,drake a god and begged us to stay with them always4 ,,drake3 ,we sailed on until we saw the island where ,magellan had been4 ,we sailed on through the ,indian ,ocean1 around the ,cape of ,good ,hope and back to ,england4 ,,queen3 ,kneel ,francis ,drake 7,drake kneels and is knighted by ,queen74 ,arise1 ,sir ,francis ,drake4 ,,act ,,ii4 ,drake again went to fight the ,spaniards4 ,he sailed boldly for the coast of ,spain4 ,he captured shipload after shipload of treasure4 ,he made the ,spanish ,king very angry by his actions and the ,king resolved to crush ,england4 ,drake sailed right into the harbor of ,cadiz4 ,he burned so many ,spanish ships that it took ,spain another year to get the fleet ready4 ,the next act will be ,drake and others talking to the ,queen after the ,spanish ,armada had been destroyed4 ,,queen3 ,my brave and noble ,sir ,francis ,drake1 you have crushed the ,spanish power on the sea for all time ,i think4 ,,noble3 ,he has certainly more than singed the ,king of ,spain's beard this time4 ,,drake3 ,the terrible storm that came up helped us to destroy the ,spanish ,fleet4 ,,queen3 ,from now on our power on the sea will grow greater and greater4 ,we can now go to ,america without danger from the ,spanish4 ,end of ,play4 ,,pilgrims ,,act ,i4 ,,introduction3 ,the ,pilgrims were persecuted for their religion in ,england4 ,they went first to ,holland4 ,after a time they decided to come to ,america because they wanted their children to grow up in their own language and customs4 ,they set sail for ,america in the ,mayflower4 ,they had a long and dangerous journey1 but on ,november #bj1 #afbj they found themselves looking with glad hearts upon the sandy but heavily-wooded shores of ,cape ,cod4 ,they signed an agreement as to the government of the ,colony and elected ,john ,carver their first ,governor4 ,captain ,standish was their captain4 ,the first act will be ,captain ,miles ,standish and his sixteen men returning from an exploring party4 ,,act ,i4 ,,class3 ,the people on ,mayflower4 ,,people3 ,here come ,miles ,standish and his men6 ,welcome back to the ,mayflower6 ,what have you found1 ,standish8 ,,standish3 ,we have tramped for three days through the forests1 up and down hills along the coast but found no suitable place4 ,,first ,,one ,,of ,,men3 ,we found this4 7,corn74 ,we decided to take it up and later we will pay the ,indians double4 ,,second ,,man3 ,while we were examining an ,indian snare1 ,bradford 7points to ,bradford7 found himself swinging by one leg in the air--7much laughter74 ,we have found a new way to catch game4 ,,standish3 ,the second trip was no better but this time ,i think we have found a good place4 ,i think it is the same place found by ,capt4 ,john ,smith and named ,plymouth by him4 ,,governor ,,carver3 ,i think this will be a good place to land4 ,shall we land here8 ,,people ,,aboard ,,mayflower3 ,we will get ready to land4 ,,people3 ,it is ,god's will4 ,,act ,,ii4 ,,introduction3 ,the first winter for the ,pilgrims was a hard one4 ,many of their people died4 ,among them ,governor ,carver4 ,miles ,standish helped them in every way he could4 ,he kept his army ready for any danger4 ,the next act will be ,samoset's visit to the ,pilgrims4 ,,act ,,ii4 ,miles ,standish and several pilgrims talking over military affairs4 ,,standish3 ,we must drill every day in order to be ready for danger4 ,,bradford3 ,yes we must keep up our careful watching4 ,,brewster3 ,look at that fine looking ,indian coming toward us4 7,all look toward ,indian coming74 ,,samoset3 ,welcome6 ,welcome6 ,,standish3 ,you talk ,english8 ,,samoset3 ,me talk little4 ,me good ,injun4 ,,standish3 ,he looks like a good ,indian4 ,,samoset3 ,me bring more ,injuns4 7,enter74 ,,squanto3 ,welcome ,englishmen6 ,,bradford3 ,you talk good ,english4 ,,squanto3 ,my name ,squanto1 ,i been to ,london4 ,i show you many things4 ,how plant corn1 by putting dead fish in hill4 ,how to hoe corn and how to make into meal4 ,i show you to catch eel and how make ,indian moccasins1 canoes and lots of things4 ,,bradford3 ,we will be glad to learn all this ,squanto4 ,you are a good friend to us4 ,,act ,,iii4 ,the next act will be the ,pilgrims planning for the first ,thanksgiving4 7,men and women talking47 ,,first ,,woman3 ,our first summer is now over4 ,,first ,,man3 ,yes1 and we have a big harvest2 our houses are repaired and the health of our people is good4 ,,second ,,woman3 ,after the hardships of our first winter and the blessings from ,god we have now1 we should have a ,thanksgiving4 ,,all ,,together3 ,yes we should4 ,the time for rejoicing has come4 ,,women3 ,we will have a great feast4 ,,men3 ,we will have games and military movements4 ,,man3 ,we will invite ,massasoit and his warriors who have been so kind to us4 ,,george ,,washington and ,,other ,,heroes ,,of ,,the ,,revolution ,,introduction3 7,told by pupil74 ,we are now going to tell you the story of ,george ,washington and other heroes of the ,revolutionary ,war4 ,george ,washington was the first president of the ,united ,states and was called ,the ,father of ,his ,country4 ,as a boy he was a skilful horseback rider and liked to go into the forest with his dog and hunt4 ,he had a very good mother4 ,his father called her ,the ,rose of ,epping ,forest--a place in ,england4 7,maps are used and pupil points out the places on maps with pointer74 ,the first act will be ,george ,washington talking to his mother4 ,,act ,i4 ,,washington3 ,mother1 it is decided that ,i should go to sea1 is it not8 ,,mrs4 ,,washington3 ,yes1 ,george1 we had consented to your going to sea but ,i would much rather have you go back to school and have a good education4 ,according to these old ,virginia days the oldest son in the family1 when the father dies1 receives a plantation and your brother1 ,laurence1 has received a plantation on the ,potomac4 ,,washington3 ,well1 mother1 if ,i give up my plans of going to sea and go back to school1 what shall ,i do8 ,,mrs4 ,,washington3 ,you will receive a plantation on the ,rappahannock4 ,,washington3 ,well1 ,i shall give up all my plans and go back to school and ,i will try to excel in all my work4 ,,mrs4 ,,washington3 ,you must excel in both work and play and remember the ,golden ,rule--,do unto others as you would have them do unto you4 7,several boys knock and enter--boys bow and speak to ,mrs4 ,washington74 ,,boys3 ,how do you do1 ,mrs4 ,washington4 ,,mrs4 ,,washington3 ,how do you do1 boys4 ,,first ,,boy3 ,george1 we want you to come out and play with us4 ,,second ,,boy3 ,yes1 we want you to be our captain4 ,,third ,,boy3 ,we will take a walk in the woods4 ,,fourth ,,boy3 ,and maybe have a swim in the old swimming pool4 ,,washington3 ,may ,i go out with the boys1 mother8 ,,mrs4 ,,washington3 ,yes1 ,george1 but don't forget to come in before it gets too late4 ,end of ,act ,i4 ,,act ,,ii4 ,,introduction3 ,when ,george ,washington was sixteen1 he was made a surveyor for ,lord ,fairfax4 ,at twenty he was put in ,braddock's army and he saved the broken pieces4 ,he was later elected to the house of ,burgesses in ,virginia4 ,after ,washington's brother1 ,laurence1 died1 ,washington received the beautiful ,mt4 ,vernon plantation on the ,potomac4 ,one day while ,washington was on his way to ,williamsburg1 he met a beautiful woman named ,mrs4 ,martha ,custis1 who later became his wife4 ,the second act will be ,washington1 ,patrick ,henry and others in the house of ,burgesses in ,virginia4 7,house of ,burgesses assembled4 ,class in ,house of ,burgesses47 ,,speaker ,,at ,,desk3 ,as you know the ,french and ,indian war has left both ,england and her colonies in debt and ,king ,george1 thinking only of ,england1 put a tax on tea and a ,stamp ,act on the ,thirteen ,colonies4 ,through such great men as ,samuel ,adams and our own ,patrick ,henry1 these ,acts have been repealed4 ,now we are confronted with the trouble in ,boston4 ,shall the people of ,boston be slaves or shall the thirteen colonies fight to save that town8 7,exclamations from ,house74 ,fight6 ,fight6 ,no6 ,no6 ,fight6 ,,speaker3 ,i think ,patrick ,henry has a resolution to offer4 ,,patrick ,,henry3 ,mr4 ,speaker and ,gentlemen3 ,i offer resolutions declaring that ,virginia arm herself for the coming war4 ,,men ,,of ,,house3 ,why should we fight ,england8 ,it is the greatest country in the world and it is our ,mother ,country4 ,,second ,,man ,,of ,,house3 ,why not send petitions to the ,king asking him to send his two armies out of ,boston8 ,,third ,,man ,,of ,,house3 ,we cannot fight ,england4 ,look at ,drake4 ,he checked the ,spanish ,armada on the sea while ,raleigh checked the ,spanish on the land4 ,if we fight ,england it will leave us weaker than we are4 ,,fourth ,,man ,,of ,,house3 ,if we fight our ,mother ,country now it will spoil the little nation we are trying to build up4 ,we are not ready to fight4 ,,patrick ,,henry3 ,mr4 ,speaker4 ,,speaker3 ,mr4 ,henry4 ,,henry3 ,we must fight6 ,i repeat it1 ,sir1 we must fight4 ,an appeal to arms and the ,god of ,hosts is all that is left to us4 ,they tell us1 ,sir1 that we are weak2 unable to cope with so formidable an adversary4 ,but when shall we be stronger8 ,will it be next year1 or next week8 ,sir1 we are not weak if we make the proper use which the ,god of ,nature has placed in our power4 ,our chains are forged6 ,their clanking may be heard on the plains of ,boston6 ,the war is inevitable1 and let it come6 ,our brothers are all ready on the field4 ,why stand we here idle6 ,is life so dear or peace so sweet as to be purchased at the price of chains and slavery8 ,forbid it ,almighty ,god6 ,i know not what course others may take2 but as for me1 give me liberty1 or give me death6 7,much applause74 ,end of ,act ,,ii4 ,,act ,,iii4 ,,introduction3 ,the next act will be the second ,continental ,congress where ,george ,washington was elected ,commander in ,chief of the ,american army and where ,benjamin ,franklin1 ,thomas ,jefferson1 and others were appointed to draw up the ,declaration of ,independence4 ,,mr4 ,,hancock1 ,,speaker ,,of ,,the ,,house3 ,you all know that in the first ,continental ,congress we pledged to stand by ,boston4 ,if ,general ,gage means to make war on that town1 let him do it4 ,is there anything to say on the matter1 gentlemen8 ,,franklin3 ,mr4 ,hancock4 ,,hancock3 ,mr4 ,franklin4 ,,franklin3 ,i say that the thirteen colonies should unite in order to fight ,great ,britain4 ,,henry3 ,mr4 ,hancock4 ,,hancock3 ,mr4 ,henry4 ,,henry3 ,i agree with ,mr4 ,benjamin ,franklin4 ,i wish to repeat a statement ,i made once before4 ,the distinctions between ,virginians1 ,pennsylvanians1 ,new ,yorkers and ,new ,englanders are no more4 ,i am not a ,virginian but an ,american4 7,applause74 ,,richard ,,henry ,,lee3 ,mr4 ,hancock4 ,,hancock3 ,mr4 ,lee4 ,,lee3 ,i make a motion that the thirteen colonies unite in order to fight and that we declare ourselves free and independent of ,great ,britain4 ,,member ,,of ,,house3 ,we must show reasons for separating from our ,mother ,country4 ,,robert ,,livingston3 ,we must show great men like ,pitt and ,burke why we want to separate from ,england4 ,,member ,,of ,,congress3 ,i make a motion that a committee of men be appointed to draw up a ,declaration of ,independence4 ,r4 ,h4 ,,lee3 ,i second that motion4 ,,speaker3 ,it has been moved and seconded that a committee of men be appointed to draw up a declaration of independence4 ,all those in favor say ,aye6 ,contrary minded ,no6 ,aye6 ,aye6 ,,speaker3 ,i appoint ,thomas ,jefferson of ,virginia1 ,benjamin ,franklin of ,pennsylvania1 ,robert ,r4 ,livingston of ,new ,york1 ,roger ,sherman of ,connecticut and ,john ,adams of ,massachusetts to draw up a declaration of independence4 ,and now gentlemen1 the ,american ,army needs a head4 ,who shall it be8 ,p4 ,,henry3 ,i think ,mr4 ,adams has a man in view4 ,,hancock3 ,mr4 ,adams4 ,,adams3 ,i have but one man in mind1 a gentleman from ,virginia1 whose skill and experience as an officer1 whose independent fortune1 great talents and excellent universal character would command the approbation of all ,america and unite the ,colonies better than any other person in the ,union4 ,if you speak of solid information and sound judgment1 ,colonel ,washington is unquestionably the greatest man on the floor4 ,,lee3 ,mr4 ,president4 ,,hancock3 ,mr4 ,lee4 ,,lee3 ,i nominate ,colonel ,washington as ,commander in ,chief of the ,american ,army4 ,,member ,,of ,,congress3 ,i second that motion4 ,,hancock3 ,it has been moved and seconded that ,colonel ,washington be made ,commander in ,chief of the ,american ,army4 ,all those in favor say ,aye4 ,aye6 ,aye6 ,,hancock3 ,not in favor1 no4 7,all ,aye74 ,then ,general ,washington is ,commander in ,chief of the ,american ,army4 7,cheers74 7,goes to ante room and brings in ,washington who left during ,mr4 ,adams' speech74 ,gentlemen1 this is ,general ,washington1 ,commander in ,chief of the ,american ,army4 7,more ,cheers74 ,,washington3 ,i beg it may be remembered by every gentleman in this room that ,i this day declare with the utmost sincerity ,i do not think myself equal to the task ,i am honored with4 ,end of ,act ,,iii4 ,,act ,,iv4 ,,introduction3 ,the signing of the ,declaration of ,independence was adopted on ,july #dth1 #aggf by a ,congress of representatives of the ,colonies assembled in the ,state ,house in ,philadelphia4 ,the next act will be the signing of the ,declaration of ,independence as written by ,thomas ,jefferson of ,virginia4 ,,pres4 ,,hancock3 ,after several days of debating in ,congress the ,declaration of ,independence as written by ,thomas ,jefferson of ,virginia is about to be accepted4 ,is there anything more to say on the subject1 gentlemen8 ,mr4 ,jefferson have you8 ,,jefferson3 ,mr4 ,hancock and ,gentlemen4 ,we feel that good reasons must be shown to the world and to those brave ,englishmen1 ,pitt and ,burke who have been our defenders for breaking away from our ,mother ,country4 ,we have tried to show these causes in the paper that ,i have written4 ,,hancock3 ,mr4 ,adams4 ,,adams3 ,mr4 ,hancock4 ,we believe that all men are created equal with the right to life1 liberty and the pursuit of happiness4 ,the present ,king of ,england has shown himself a tyrant in his treatment of the ,colonies by his repeated acts4 ,thomas ,jefferson has written these facts so the world may see them4 ,,hancock3 ,mr4 ,sherman4 ,,sherman3 ,mr4 ,hancock4 ,he has taxed us unjustly1 without giving us a voice in the matter4 ,he has tried to force us to pay the debts of ,england4 ,these are more reasons we wish to give to the world for our present action4 ,,hancock3 ,mr4 ,franklin4 ,,franklin3 ,we have sent petitions to him asking him to stop these abuses4 ,he has answered with insult4 ,a prince with such a character is unfit to be the ruler of a free people4 ,we therefore1 declare we are enemies in war1 in peace friends4 ,,mr4 ,,lee3 ,mr4 ,hancock4 ,,hancock3 ,mr4 ,lee4 ,,lee3 ,i make a motion that the ,declaration of ,independence as written by ,mr4 ,jefferson be accepted and the news be given to the world that we are a free people4 ,,member ,,of ,,house3 ,i second that motion4 ,,hancock3 ,it has been moved and seconded that the ,declaration of ,independence be accepted and the news be given to the world that we are a free people4 ,all those in favor say ,aye4 ,aye6 ,aye6 ,contrary minded1 ,no4 ,and now gentlemen1 ,i sign my name in large letters so ,george ,third may read it without spectacles 7writes name74 ,we must all hang together in this matter4 ,,franklin3 ,yes1 we must all hang together1 or we will hang separately4 ,,hancock3 ,and now let the news be given to the world that we are a free people4 ,,boy3 ,ring6 ,grandpa1 ,ring6 ,oh ,ring for ,liberty6 ,end of ,washington ,act4 ,,george ,,rogers ,,clark ,,introduction3 ,george ,rogers ,clark was born in ,virginia in #ageb4 ,clark liked to roam the woods4 ,he became a surveyor and an ,indian fighter at the age of twenty-one4 ,he was a great leader in ,kentucky along with ,boone and fought the ,indians many times4 ,the ,british officers aroused the ,indians4 ,they paid a certain sum for each scalp of an ,american4 ,clark decided to strike a blow at the ,british across the ,ohio4 ,he drilled his men at ,corn ,island at the falls of the ,ohio1 the beginning of ,louisville4 ,in ,june he shot the falls and after a long march they reached the old ,french town of ,kaskaskia4 ,the first ,act will be a dance at ,kaskaskia4 ,,act ,i4 7,british and ,french dancing4 ,enter ,clark and stands at door4 ,indian lying on floor springs to feet and gives terrible war whoop4 ,the dancing stops4 ,women scream and men rush toward ,clark74 ,,clark3 ,go on with your dance but remember you dance under ,virginia and not under ,great ,britain4 7,british ,general goes up to ,clark74 ,,clark3 ,i ask you to surrender in the name of ,virginia4 ,,british ,,general3 ,i surrender4 7,hands his sword to ,clark74 7,french talk in corner4 ,father ,gibault and other men come up to talk with ,clark74 ,,father ,,gibault3 ,we beg of you1 ,colonel ,clark1 to spare our lives and the lives of our families4 ,,clark3 ,father1 your lives are safe4 ,america makes war on no church and will protect you all from insult4 ,the ,king of ,france has made a treaty with the ,united ,states and is sending ships and soldiers to help us4 ,all we want you to do is put up the ,american ,flag4 ,,father ,,gibault3 ,we are glad to hear this news4 ,it makes us all very happy indeed4 ,i will go to ,vincennes and tell the good news4 ,end of ,clark ,act4 ,,andrew ,,jackson ,,introduction3 ,andrew ,jackson was born in ,north ,carolina in #agfg4 ,his parents were ,scotch ,irish4 ,schools were few and poor and ,andy learned more from the woods than from books4 ,as a boy he was full of fun and mischief and fond of sports1 but he was very hot tempered4 ,when he was thirteen he learned what war meant for it was the time of the ,revolution4 ,colonel ,tarleton killed more than a hundred of ,jackson's neighbors and friends1 among them ,andy's own brother4 ,he never forgave the ,british4 ,at fourteen he was taken prisoner by the ,british4 ,the first act will be ,andrew ,jackson and a ,british officer4 ,enter soldiers dragging ,andrew4 ,officer at desk4 ,men salute officer4 ,,men3 ,we have found this young fellow acting in a suspicious manner around the camp1 ,colonel4 ,,officer3 ,well1 well1 a young rebel eh6 ,,andrew3 ,yes1 a rebel4 ,,officer3 ,we'll see what you are good for1 boy4 ,clean these boots4 ,,jackson3 ,i will not4 ,i am a prisoner of war and expect to be treated as such4 ,,officer3 ,you won't6 ,won't you6 7,draws sword and strikes boy on head74 7,soldiers drag him from room74 ,end of ,act ,i4 ,,act ,,ii4 ,,introduction3 ,at ,camden smallpox killed his remaining brother and left ,andrew poor and sickly looking4 ,his mother also lost her life in caring for ,american prisoners4 ,jackson was left an orphan of the ,revolution4 ,he studied law and at twenty was admitted to practice in the courts of the ,state4 ,stories from ,tennessee made him long to see that beautiful country1 so in company with nearly a hundred men1 women and children he crossed the mountains into ,tennessee4 ,the next ,act will be ,jackson and others sitting around a camp-fire1 telling stories of the ,revolution4 ,,jackson3 ,this beautiful country of ,nolichucky ,jack's is worth the trouble we have had in coming4 ,something in the stillness of the night makes me think of those dreadful ,revolutionary days4 ,what a time it was and what a lot of great heroes our country had4 ,,one ,,of ,,men3 ,yes1 those were stirring days4 ,well do ,i remember that day on the ,boston ,common4 ,on the slopes of the hill where the ,state ,house now stands there was a fine place to skate and slide4 ,we fellows learned our spelling those days for if we didn't we couldn't skate4 ,one day after school we hurried to the hillside4 ,we found the ice broken everywhere4 ,we knew the ,british ,redcoats had done the damage4 ,they thought it fun to make the ,yankees angry4 ,we went to ,general ,gage and told him what his soldiers had done4 ,he said ,you are plucky boys4 ,if my soldiers bother you again1 let me know4 ,,one ,,of ,,the ,,girls3 ,have you ever heard the story of ,lydia ,darrah8 ,no1 tell us4 ,lydia was my grandmother4 ,she lived in ,philadelphia with her husband and younger children4 ,general ,howe's adjutant took up his quarters and secured a back room in which private councils could be held4 ,just before one of these my grandmother was told to retire early as the ,british officers would require the room at seven o'clock and would remain late4 ,lydia suspected that something against the patriot army was to take place4 ,she sent the family to bed and taking off her shoes crept down the stairs and listened at the door4 ,she learned that all the ,british troops were to march out and surprise ,general ,washington and his army4 ,she knew it lay in her power to save the lives of thousands of people4 ,she decided to find a way of telling the news4 ,going to the mill for flour1 she left her sack to be filled and hurried on to the ,american camp where she told one of the officers she knew4 ,he galloped off to ,headquarters and informed ,general ,washington4 ,the ,british officers never knew who gave ,washington the information4 ,,jackson3 ,she was a brave woman4 ,there were many brave women and men4 ,,man3 ,and that fight at ,bunker ,hill4 ,of course we lost because we didn't have enough powder but how our brave boys did fight1 as long as the powder held out4 ,they cut down whole ranks of the ,british army as they advanced up the shore4 ,,jackson3 ,well folks1 ,i think we better go to bed4 ,we have a hard journey ahead of us4 ,i will keep watch4 7,jackson leans up against tree1 smoking corncob pipe74 7,suddenly the sound of an owl is heard in the distance74 ,,jackson speaks to the man with him3 ,a little too natural that owl4 ,i fear it is ,indians4 ,we must arouse the people and go4 7,goes and arouses people who get ready to leave47 ,end of ,act ,,ii4 ,,act ,,iii4 ,,introduction3 ,jackson was successful as a lawyer2 was made district attorney and was finally elected to ,congress4 ,later became a frontier judge and a man of business4 ,he won fame as a fighter in the war of #ahab1 and in many fights with the ,indians and won the name of ,old ,hickory4 ,the next act will be calling for volunteers to fight at ,new ,orleans4 ,,jackson',s ,,speech3 ,the ,british are again our enemies4 ,they are capturing our men on the high seas and forcing them to fight for ,great ,britain4 ,shall we stand this8 ,no1 ,i say no4 ,perry and other great sailors are fighting hard with our vessels4 ,the ,british1 if we are not careful1 will capture ,new ,orleans4 ,who volunteers to go with me8 ,on to ,new ,orleans and ,victory66 ,end of ,act ,,iii4 ,,act ,,iv ,,introduction3 ,after the ,battle of ,new ,orleans ,jackson was a great hero4 ,in #ahbh he was elected ,president of the ,united ,states4 ,he had bitter quarrels with ,clay1 ,calhoun and ,webster over the ,u4 ,s4 ,banks4 ,in the ,senate was another great man1 ,thomas ,h4 ,benton4 ,he and ,jackson had once fought a duel but were now good friends4 ,benton took ,jackson's part against the other men4 ,refusal of ,south ,carolina to pay the tariff caused trouble during ,jackson's time4 ,this act was called nullification4 ,the next act will be ,president ,jackson talking to ,general ,scott about ,south ,carolina4 ,,act ,,iv ,,jackson3 ,south ,carolina must be forced to obey the laws of the land4 ,the tariff will be collected by force if necessary4 ,to nullify an ,act of ,congress would be most dangerous to the ,union4 ,take soldiers and war vessels1 ,general ,scott1 to ,charleston and enforce the law at all hazards4 ,,general ,,scott3 ,i will do my best to enforce the laws of the land1 ,president ,jackson4 ,,john ,c4 ,,fremont ,,introduction3 ,john ,c4 ,fremont was born in ,savannah1 in the year #ahac1 while his parents were on a journey through the ,south4 ,his father died soon after1 and his mother moved to ,charleston1 ,south ,carolina4 ,he was well educated1 and after college spent some years in travel4 ,he joined a company of engineers to explore the mountains between ,tennessee and ,south ,carolina to find a place for a railway4 ,this region was a rough1 beautiful1 and wild country1 and it gave ,fremont a taste for exploring which never left him4 ,his longing for wild life was gratified when he was made assistant to a famous ,frenchman who went to explore the region between the ,missouri and ,canada4 ,he married ,jessie ,benton1 daughter of the famous ,senator ,benton4 ,benton was interested in the growth of the ,west4 ,he knew that ,fremont was interested in exploring1 and used his influence with ,president ,van ,buren to have ,fremont explore the ,rocky ,mountains4 ,the first act will be ,fremont talking to ,president ,van ,buren4 ,,act ,i4 7,senator ,benton talking to ,van ,buren37 ,,benton3 ,the ,west is a great country1 ,mr4 ,president4 ,we should have it explored and investigated4 ,,van ,,buren3 ,i agree with you1 ,senator ,benton4 ,the ,west should be explored4 ,if we had a good man to send on this expedition4 ,,benton3 ,i know a man1 ,mr4 ,president2 ,john ,c4 ,fremont4 ,he is an experienced engineer1 and loves the wild life of adventure4 ,,van ,,buren3 ,bring ,fremont to me4 7,fremont enters and is introduced by ,benton74 ,,van ,,buren3 ,you are an explorer of note1 ,mr4 ,fremont8 ,will you undertake a journey to the ,rocky ,mountains and bring back a report of that country8 ,,fremont3 ,yes1 ,i am very much interested in exploring the ,west1 and with your permission and the permission of ,congress1 will try to find out all that we can about that great country4 ,end of ,act ,i4 ,,act ,,ii4 ,,introduction3 ,the next act will be ,fremont telling about his first and second trip to the ,west4 ,,secretary ,,to ,,president3 ,fremont and his famous guide1 ,kit ,carson1 have returned from their second exploring trip to the ,west and await outside4 ,,president3 ,show them in4 7,enter ,fremont and party74 ,,fremont3 ,i have just returned from my explorations1 and would like to tell you of the trips4 ,on my first trip ,i left ,kansas ,city and followed the ,kansas ,river to the ,south ,pass4 ,on my second trip ,i followed the same route to the ,south ,pass1 where ,i took four men1 and continued on1 to the highest peak in the ,rocky ,mountains4 ,,one ,,of ,,the ,,men3 ,while there and on the top1 we unfurled the stars and stripes in all its glory4 ,,fremont3 ,then ,i decided to cross the mountains4 ,after many weary months we beheld a great lake4 ,,one ,,of ,,the ,,men3 ,you can imagine what feelings stirred the breasts of men shut in for months by mountains1 at seeing what appeared to us to be an ocean here in the midst of a continent4 ,,fremont3 ,as we strained our eyes along its silent shores1 ,i could hardly repress the almost desire to continue our explorations4 ,,man3 ,after making preparations1 we crossed over the mountains till we reached the ,columbia ,river1 and traveled down to ,vancouver4 ,here we were the guests of the ,governor of the ,british ,hudson ,bay ,company4 ,,fremont3 ,on ,november tenth1 we started across the ,sierra ,nevada ,mountains1 and then on1 till we came to ,sutter's ,fort4 ,,man3 ,here we met the remarkable ,captain ,sutter4 ,captain ,sutter is a native of ,switzerland4 ,he came here with the intention of building a colony4 ,the ,spanish ,governor1 ,alvarado1 gladly gave him a great tract of land4 ,captain ,sutter has great herds of cattle and many acres of grain4 ,,fremont3 ,we then decided to cross the mountains farther to the south1 where the ,san ,joaquin ,river makes a gap4 ,here we beheld a great desert4 ,,man3 ,an ,indian told us that there was neither water nor grass--nothing4 ,every animal that goes on this desert dies4 ,,fremont3 ,from here we traveled forward1 reaching ,salt ,lake2 having made a circuit of the ,great ,basin4 ,here we are1 with the story of our trip4 ,,president3 ,you have had some wonderful experiences4 ,and now1 ,mr4 ,fremont1 ,i would like you to go on a third expedition--to explore the ,pacific ,coast4 ,,fremont3 ,very well1 ,mr4 ,president4 ,end of ,act ,,ii4 ,,act ,,iii4 ,,introduction3 ,fremont did not know about the war with ,mexico4 ,on his way to the north1 he heard that ,mexicans were planning to kill every ,american in ,california4 ,jose ,castro was a ,mexican general4 ,the ,mexicans had one hundred and fifty horses4 ,the ,americans captured these horses4 ,that was the first victory in the conquest of ,california4 ,the ,bear ,flag ,rebellion4 ,the ,americans were indeed a rough looking lot4 ,mounted on horseback1 wearing leggings1 and carrying pistols and guns4 ,if the ,americans had known that war was going on1 they would have raised the ,stars and ,stripes4 ,but not knowing it they decided to make a flag of their own4 ,the next act will be the forming of the ,california ,republic4 7,men and soldiers around room74 ,,man3 ,we are now a ,republic1 and must have a ,declaration of ,independence4 ,,other ,,man3 ,yes1 and we must have a flag4 ,here is one4 ,mr4 ,todd made it4 ,a bear is drawn on it1 and a star4 ,underneath are the words1 ,california ,republic4 ,,other ,,man3 ,we will raise this flag on the flagstaff of ,sonoma4 ,now we are an independent ,republic4 ,end of ,act ,,iii4 ,,act ,,iv ,,introduction3 ,the conquest of ,california came when a treaty was signed at the ,rancho de ,cahuenga4 7,ca-wen-ga74 ,the next act will be the ,californians and ,fremont at the ,rancho de ,cahuenga4 ,,fremont3 ,general ,flores1 ,general ,vallejo1 ,general ,pico1 and ,californians3 ,you know why you have been called to this meeting8 ,,general ,,flores3 ,yes1 ,captain ,fremont1 we know why we have been called4 ,if we sign a treaty1 and promise not to take up arms against the ,united ,states we will be pardoned for revolting4 ,,fremont3 ,yes1 you will be pardoned under those conditions4 ,do you promise8 ,,californians3 ,we promise4 ,,fremont3 ,very well1 sign here4 7,they sign47 ,,fremont3 ,that will do1 you are pardoned4 ,good afternoon1 gentlemen4 ,,californians3 ,good afternoon1 ,captain ,fremont4 ,,webster1 ,,clay and ,,calhoun ,,introduction3 ,we are going to tell you the story of ,webster1 ,clay and ,calhoun4 ,daniel ,webster was born in ,new ,hampshire in #aghb4 ,he was a very weakly child1 no one thought that some day he would have an iron body4 ,he spent most of his time playing in the woods and fields4 ,he loved the animals that he found there4 ,he had a brother named ,ezekiel4 ,one day as they were walking through the field1 they noticed that some of the cabbage had been eaten so they planned to catch the thief4 ,the first act will be the story of the woodchuck4 ,,act ,i 7,daniel and ,ezekiel find woodchuck in trap74 ,,ezekiel3 ,well ,daniel ,i see that we have caught the woodchuck4 ,,daniel3 ,what shall we do with him8 ,,ezekiel3 ,i think that we should kill him4 ,,daniel3 ,i think we should take him into the woods and let him go4 ,,ezekiel3 ,let us take the matter to father and let him settle it4 7,go to father74 ,,daniel3 ,father1 we have caught the woodchuck and we do not know what to do with him4 ,we have brought the matter to you to settle4 ,ezekiel wants to kill him and ,i want to let him go4 ,,father3 ,well boys1 we will hold a court4 ,i will be the judge and you will be the lawyers4 ,one defend the case and the other prosecute4 ,ezekiel you may speak first1 you are the prosecutor4 ,,ezekiel3 ,i think we should kill the woodchuck4 ,if we let him go1 he will be just as much trouble as ever1 while if we kill him he can't eat any more cabbage and we can sell his skin for at least ten cents and small as that sum is it will help pay for some of the cabbage that he has eaten1 so in either way he is of more value dead than alive4 ,,father3 ,very good1 ,ezekiel4 ,now ,daniel we will hear from you4 ,,daniel',s ,,speech3 ,god made the woodchuck4 ,he made him to live in the bright sunlight and the pure air4 ,he made him to enjoy the free air and the good woods4 ,the woodchuck is not a fierce animal like the wolf or the fox4 ,he lives in quiet and peace4 ,a hole in the side of a hill and a little food is all that he wants4 ,he has harmed nothing but a few plants which he ate to keep himself alive4 ,the woodchuck has a right to life1 to food1 to liberty1 for ,god gave them to him4 ,look at his soft pleading eyes4 ,see him tremble with fear4 ,he cannot speak for himself and this is the only way he can plead for the life that is so sweet to him4 ,shall we be so cruel as to kill him8 ,shall we be so selfish as to take from him the life that ,god gave him8 ,,father3 ,ezekiel1 ,ezekiel1 let that woodchuck go6 ,,act ,,ii4 ,,introduction3 ,,webster4 ,one day in spring1 ,daniel ,webster's father took ,daniel to ,exeter ,academy to prepare for college4 ,all the boys laughed at his rustic dress and manners4 ,he finally entered ,dartmouth ,college at the age of fifteen4 ,he was the best student there4 ,all the students liked him4 ,at the age of eighteen he gave a ,fourth of ,july oration in his college town4 ,after he had finished at ,dartmouth1 he taught school in order to help his parents send his older brother to school4 ,later1 he entered ,christopher ,gore's law office4 ,he studied very hard and won name and fame as a lawyer4 ,the approach of the war of #ahab brought him into politics4 ,he was elected to ,congress and took his seat in #ahac4 ,,introduction3 ,,henry ,,clay4 ,henry ,clay was born in ,virginia at the year of ,burgoyne's surrender1 #aggg4 ,his father died when he was four years old4 ,little ,henry lived near the ,slashes the name given to a low flat region and went to school in a log cabin4 ,he worked on a farm to do his share in the support of the family4 ,sometimes he would be seen barefooted behind the plow or else riding a horse to mill4 ,from this he was called the ,mill boy of the ,slashes4 ,at fourteen he was a clerk in a store but he was made for better use4 ,he was put in the office of a famous lawyer who was a clerk in one of ,virginia's courts4 ,he went to ,richmond and studied law there4 ,he formed a debating club and was made leader4 ,from here he went to ,lexington4 ,there his rise in law was rapid1 his fame grew and he was known as a lawyer who seldom lost his case4 ,he was elected to the ,house of ,representatives and was made speaker4 ,as speaker he helped to bring on the ,war of #ahab4 ,,introduction3 ,,john ,c4 ,,calhoun4 ,calhoun was born in the same year as ,webster1 #aghb4 ,he was born in ,south ,carolina4 ,his parents were ,scotch-,irish4 ,he learned more from the woods than he did from books and filled his memory before people could fill it4 ,at the age of eighteen he began to prepare for college with the aid of his brother-in-law1 a ,presbyterian minister4 ,two years later he entered ,yale ,college1 studied hard and soon graduated with much honor4 ,he studied law for three years1 a year and a half in his own state and a year and a half in ,connecticut4 ,he began to practice law in ,south ,carolina4 ,he did not have much success4 ,perhaps the law was too dry for him or perhaps because he was soon to be elected to ,congress4 ,in #ahaa he was married and elected to ,congress4 ,henry ,clay 7,speaker7 immediately put ,calhoun on an important committee4 ,the next act will be ,john ,c4 ,calhoun1 ,daniel ,webster and ,henry ,clay speaking of the war of #ahab4 ,,clay 7speaker73 ,members of ,congress and fellow citizens3 ,england has been at war with ,france for a number of years4 ,france under ,napoleon has secured a large part of ,europe4 ,england has tried in various ways to injure ,france by proclaiming that no ships of any nation shall trade with ,france4 ,napoleon retorted1 issuing a decree that no ships shall trade with ,europe and these laws hurt ,american commerce4 ,shall we stand this or demand our rights8 ,gentlemen1 ,i say we must fight4 ,on to ,canada6 ,,member ,,of ,,house3 ,i think we should be very careful about going to war with ,great ,britain4 ,she has a thousand war vessels1 while the ,united ,states has only ten or twelve first-class vessels4 ,,member ,,of ,,congress3 ,england's troops are numerous1 well drilled and have had much experience4 ,our troops are few and poorly disciplined and unused to war4 ,i think1 all matters in dispute could be arranged without fighting4 ,,member ,,of ,,congress3 ,we would make a great mistake to fight ,england and ,france at the same time4 ,,webster3 ,the ,british in taking our men have made it a practice to stop ,american merchant ships and seize the best sailors4 ,they claim these men are ,british citizens and could be rightfully seized4 ,whenever they see a fine looking seaman1 they say3 ,you are an ,englishman1 we will take you6 ,we must fight with the navy4 ,if the war must be continued go to the ocean4 ,there the united wishes and exertions of the nation will go with you4 ,even our party divisions end at the water's edge4 ,,mr4 ,,calhoun3 ,we have tried in various ways to induce ,england and ,france to change these laws4 ,these are not the only grievances we have4 ,england has a large navy4 ,she needs many sailors4 ,when our ships were in her parts1 she has seized our men and forced them on her ships4 ,is this right8 ,must we stand such treatment8 ,no6 ,so we call forth the patriotism and resources of our country to help us4 ,end of ,act ,,ii4 ,,act ,,iii ,,introduction3 ,from #ahai to #ahba1 ,congress was debating over the ,missouri ,compromise4 ,the north opposed and the south favored4 ,the excitement spread to the state ,legislature and to the people4 ,many meetings were held4 ,finally ,henry ,clay succeeded in getting ,congress to pass the ,missouri ,compromise4 ,this act admitted ,missouri as a slave state4 ,hayne had spoken against a protective tariff and for nullification and ,daniel ,webster felt called upon to reply so he made a great speech4 ,his speech was considered by good judges the best ever delivered in ,congress4 ,he was probably the greatest orator of his time4 ,south ,carolina refused to pay the tariff in #ahcb and nullified the law of ,congress4 ,president ,jackson hurried the army and navy to make her pay4 ,john ,calhoun was for nullification4 ,he said to save the ,south from the ,north1 a state had a right to nullify a law of ,congress4 ,the third act will be ,henry ,clay1 ,daniel ,webster and ,john ,c4 ,calhoun1 speaking on the right of nullification4 ,,speaker ,,clay3 ,gentlemen1 we have been debating on the right of a state to nullify4 ,we must think of this matter in a calm manner4 ,it is one of the most serious times of our country4 ,our ,union is in danger4 ,we have heard ,mr4 ,hayne speak on ,nullification2 also ,mr4 ,calhoun4 ,,member ,,of ,,congress3 ,congress has no right to force another state to pay a tariff and we declare a state has a right to nullify4 ,,member ,,of ,,congress3 ,president ,jackson says the ,federal ,union must and shall be preserved4 ,he has warned the people of ,south ,carolina that any attempt at resistance will be put down with a high hand4 ,we of the ,north feel that this must be done in order to save the ,union4 ,,member ,,of ,,congress3 ,tariff is helpful to the ,north but not to the ,south4 ,there is always a difference between the ,north and ,south and we of the ,south feel that nullification is right to save us from the ,north4 ,,calhoun3 ,mr4 ,clay4 ,,clay3 ,mr4 ,calhoun4 ,,calhoun3 ,the ,southern people using slave labor will raise more tobacco and cotton than they need so the tariff is hurtful to them4 ,the ,northern people using free labor will manufacture all kinds of things and the tariff is helpful to them4 ,the ,southern people are for agriculture4 ,the ,northern people for manufacturing4 ,the ,southern are for slavery and the ,northern are for free labor4 ,to protect the ,south from the ,north the state has the right to nullify a law of ,congress4 ,the state has the right because the state is above the nation4 ,the states made the constitution4 ,i believe that nullification is a means of saving the ,union from secession4 ,,haynes3 ,that is the way ,i feel1 ,gentlemen4 ,nullification is right4 ,,mr4 ,,webster3 ,mr4 ,clay4 ,,mr4 ,,clay3 ,mr4 ,webster4 ,,mr4 ,,webster3 ,we must not let ,south ,carolina refuse to obey the laws of the ,union4 ,for if she does she leaves the ,union4 ,if ,south ,carolina leaves the ,union other states will also leave4 ,gentlemen of ,congress3 ,nullification is another name for secession4 ,when my eyes shall be turned to behold for the last time the sun in heaven1 may ,i not see him shining on the broken and dishonored fragments of a once glorious nation4 ,but may ,i see our flag without a single stripe erased or polluted1 not a single star obscured but everywhere spread all over in characters of living light1 that sentiment dear to every ,american heart1 ,liberty and ,union1 now and forever1 one and inseparable4 ,,mr4 ,,clay3 ,gentlemen3 ,i offer a compromise hoping it will please both the ,north and ,south4 ,i propose that the tariff be gradually reduced till #ahdb when all duties shall be #bj on the value of the articles imported4 ,i think1 gentlemen this will be a solution of the question4 ,we will debate on it at the next meeting4 ,end of ,act ,,iii4 ,,act ,,iv ,,introduction3 ,it was in #ahdh that our country declared war on ,mexico and won it with a great victory for the ,american ,army4 ,the treaty of peace with ,mexico gave the ,united ,states all the territory then known as ,alta 7,upper ,california7 and ,new ,mexico4 ,the ,north and the ,south disputed over this territory4 ,the ,south said3 ,it must be open to slavery4 ,the ,north said3 ,it must be free4 ,the quarrel grew so bitter that many men thought the ,union would be destroyed4 ,kentucky legislature sent ,clay back to the ,united ,states ,senate by a unanimous call1 ,democrats as well as ,whigs joining in the vote4 ,it was a proud moment for the old man4 ,webster then went back to the ,united ,states ,senate where he joined ,clay in supporting the great ,compromise of #ahej4 ,calhoun opposed the ,compromise4 ,the last act will be ,clay1 ,webster and others talking on the ,compromise of #ahej4 ,,speaker ,,of ,,the ,,house3 ,gentlemen1 for many days we have been debating on the serious question of the danger of the ,south leaving the ,union4 ,mr4 ,clay will read his ,compromise4 7,mr4 ,clay enters on arm of friend4 ,he is an old man now74 ,,mr4 ,,clay3 ,mr4 ,president and ,gentlemen3 ,i believe that the ,union is in danger of destruction but if we can again compromise1 ,i think it can be saved4 ,this is what ,i propose3 ,first that ,california shall be admitted as a free state4 ,second3 ,that the slave trade be stopped in the ,district of ,columbia4 ,this should please the ,north4 ,to please the ,south1 ,first3 ,i propose that all ,federal ,officers be given authority to hunt for slaves that have escaped to the ,north and without trial or jury be returned to their masters4 ,second3 ,i propose that the new territories coming in as states decide for themselves whether they shall be free or slave4 ,,member ,,of ,,congress3 ,the fugitive slave law reads thus3 ',any slave escaping to the ,north might be seized wherever found and brought before a ,united ,states judge4 ,he cannot give testimony1 or prove that he is not a slave4 ,all citizens are commanded to aid in the capture of the fugitive4' ,are we willing to accept ,mr4 ,clay's clause in this ,compromise8 ,as for myself1 gentlemen1 ,i think not4 ,,member ,,of ,,congress3 ,no1 gentlemen1 ,i do not think that we should accept this4 ,many of these people have escaped into the ,north and are living peaceably as free men4 ,if this law goes into effect we will have men who for money will go into the ,north and return these people to slavery4 ,there is a higher law even than an act of ,congress4 ,it is the ,golden ,rule3 ',do unto others as you would have them do unto you4' ,,member ,,of ,,congress3 ,i say1 ,sir1 we should have our slaves returned4 ,we need our slaves badly4 7,mr4 ,calhoun's speech is read74 ,,mr4 ,,clay3 ,i believe from the bottom of my soul that this measure is the re-union of the ,union4 ,,member ,,of ,,congress3 ,mr4 ,clay's country is ,virginia4 ,he does not understand that we of the ,south need slaves4 ,if we of the ,south can't keep our slaves1 we will leave the ,union4 ,,mr4 ,,clay3 ,the honorable ,senator speaks of ,virginia being my country4 ,this ,union is my country1 but even if my own state should raise the standard of disunion ,i would go against her4 ,i would go against ,kentucky much as ,i love her4 ,mr4 ,calhoun's speech1 ,mr4 ,president4 ,mr4 ,calhoun is ill1 ,i have a speech he wishes to be read4 ,,mr4 ,,president3 ,honorable ,senator1 read ,mr4 ,calhoun's speech4 7,mr4 ,calhoun's speech74 ,gentlemen of ,congress3 ,the ,union is in danger today on account of the ,abolitionists4 ,they have stirred up strife4 ,all agitation against slavery should be stopped4 ,the relation existing between the two races has existed for two centuries4 ,we cannot permit it to be destroyed4 ',slavery is a good1 a positive good4' ,there should be an equal division of territory between the ,north and ,south4 ,if you of the ,north will not do this1 then let our ,southern states separate and depart in peace4 ,having faithfully done my duty to the best of my ability1 both to the ,union and my section1 ,i shall have the consolation that ,i am free from all responsibility4 ,,mr4 ,,webster3 ,mr4 ,president4 ,,mr4 ,,president3 ,mr4 ,webster4 ,,mr4 ,,webster3 ,i wish to speak today not as a ,massachusetts man nor as a ,northern man1 but as an ,american and a member of the ,united ,states ,senate4 ,i speak today for the preservation of the ,union4 ,hear me for my cause4 ,i speak from an anxious heart for the return of the peace and quiet of this ,union4 ,i should rather have heard that this ,union should never be dissolved than that word secession4 ,secession1 peaceable secession4 ,sir1 your eyes and mine will never see that miracle4 ,sir1 ,i see as plainly as ,i see that sun in ,heaven that secession means a war4 ,it means a war1 a war ,i cannot describe4 ,end of ,play4 ,,the ,,story ,,of ,,abraham ,,lincoln ,,act ,i4 ,,introduction3 ,abraham ,lincoln was born in ,hardin ,county1 ,kentucky1 ,february #ab1 #ahji4 ,his parents were very poor4 ,when he was seven years old his parents moved to ,indiana4 7,he educated himself4 ,whenever he came in from work he read a book4 ,he read the ,bible1 ,a,esop's ,fables1 ,robinson ,crusoe and other books74 ,he loved his mother very dearly4 ,she died when he was very young4 ,her last words to him were3 ,try to live as ,i have taught you and to love your ,heavenly ,father4 ,many years after he said1 ,all ,i am or hope to be1 ,i owe to my angel mother4 ,the first act will be ,abraham ,lincoln and ,john ,hanks coming in from work4 ,,hanks3 ,gee1 ,i am tired1 aren't you8 ,,lincoln3 ,yes4 7,goes to cupboard1 takes bread to eat1 picks up book and begins to read74 ,,hanks3 7,gets bread and lies down74 ,what you reading8 ,,lincoln3 ,o1 a story of ,george ,washington4 ,,hanks3 ,tell us about him4 ,,lincoln3 ,after a while4 ,,hanks3 ,all you do is to read and cipher anyway4 ,i am going to take a nap4 ,end of ,act ,i4 ,,act ,,ii4 ,,introduction3 ,abraham ,lincoln went on a flat boat down the ,mississippi4 ,the boat was laden with supplies to sell at ,new ,orleans4 ,while in ,new ,orleans ,lincoln visited a slave auction4 ,after having seen this auction1 ,lincoln was very much more opposed to slavery4 ,the next act will be ,abraham ,lincoln at the ,slave auction4 7,auctioneer and slaves4 ,sells several slaves4 ,class bid and carry on auction1 etc47 7,at end of auction1 auctioneer says37 ,,auctioneer3 ,rest of these slaves to be sold tomorrow4 ,gentlemen be sure to come4 7,lincoln and ,hanks talk47 ,,hanks3 ,well1 well4 ,abe ,lincoln what do you think of that8 ,,lincoln3 ,i think it is terrible4 ,if ,i ever get a chance to hit that thing1 ,i'll hit it and ,i'll hit it hard4 ,,hanks3 ,i don't blame you4 ,end of ,act ,,ii4 ,,introduction3 ,after ,lincoln came back from his voyage down the ,mississippi1 and the ,blackhawk ,war1 he ran for the ,state ,legislature1 but was defeated4 ,a little later he ran again and this time he won4 ,he said to a friend3 ,did you vote for me8 ,his friend said1 ,i did4 ,then1 said ,lincoln1 you must loan me two hundred dollars2 for ,lincoln needed a new suit of clothes and stage coach fare to the ,capital4 ,later he was sent to ,congress and sometime later he was spoken of for ,president4 ,the next act will be ,lincoln waiting in a newspaper office in ,springfield for news of his nomination4 ,,act ,,iii4 7,newspaper office4 ,lincoln and several men talking and walking around room4 ,among them ,hanks47 ,,lincoln3 ,i wonder who got the nomination4 ,,exclamations3 ,you got it ,abe6 ,sure you got it6 ,hope ,seward didn't get it6 ,oh6 there is no chance1 ,abe has it ,i know6 ,sure1 ,sure4 7,enter man in great excitement74 ,gentlemen1 there has been a nomination4 7,people in office crowd around him and talk74 ,mr4 ,seward 7disappointment on faces of ,lincoln and men7 ,mr4 ,seward is the second name on the list4 7,jumps upon chair and exclaims74 ,three cheers for ,abraham ,lincoln1 the next president of the ,united ,states4 ,end of ,act ,,iii4 ,,act ,,iv4 ,,introduction3 ,abraham ,lincoln was elected ,president4 ,soon after war broke out between the ,north and the ,south4 ,lincoln declared that the war was not to free the slaves but to save the ,union4 ,lincoln soon saw that it was time to free the slaves1 so he signed the ,proclamation of ,emancipation4 ,this act linked the name of ,lincoln with one of the greatest acts in history4 ,the last act will be ,president ,lincoln signing the ,proclamation of ,emancipation4 7,lincoln sits at desk4 ,two men are showing him papers4 ,one enters and says3 ,mr4 ,lincoln1 here is ,mr4 ,seward with the ,proclamation4 ,enter ,seward and several others47 ,,mr4 ,,seward3 ,i have brought you the ,proclamation to sign1 ,mr4 ,president4 7,lincoln takes paper1 reads it over1 takes up pen1 tries to write1 drops pen several times47 ,,mr4 ,,seward3 ,what is the matter1 ,mr4 ,lincoln8 ,,mr4 ,,lincoln3 ,i have been shaking hands since nine o'clock this morning and my right hand is almost paralyzed4 ,if my name ever goes down into history it will be for this act and my whole soul is in it4 ,if my hand trembles as ,i sign this document1 the ones who examine it will say--he hesitated4 ,,grant ,,and ,,lee ,,introduction3 ,ulysses ,s4 ,grant was born in ,ohio1 ,april #bg1 #ahbb4 ,his father was a tanner4 ,he was brought up for farm work4 ,later went to ,west ,point from where he graduated in #ahdc4 ,he distinguished himself in the ,mexican ,war4 ,he resigned from the army in #ahed1 tried various kinds of business in ,st4 ,louis and ,galena1 ,illinois4 ,on the day after the fall of ,sumter1 ,grant made up his mind to return to the army4 ,in ,august #ahfa he became a brigadier general4 ,from #ahfa to #ahfc his name was connected with most of the successful operations in the ,west1 till ,lincoln said of him1 ,i can't spare this man4 ,he fights4 ,his greatest characteristic was his indomitable grit4 ,the first act will be ,grant sending his answer to ,general ,buckner at the capture of ,fort ,donelson4 ,,act ,i4 7,grant at desk1 writing and looking over maps4 ,men at wall looking over maps4 ,officer speaks to ,general ,grant47 ,,officer3 ,two soldiers from ,general ,buckner await outside1 ,general ,grant4 ,,grant3 ,show them in4 7,enter soldiers with ,union man4 ,soldier salutes74 ,,soldier3 ,general ,grant1 ,general ,buckner wishes to know on what terms you will consider the surrender of ,fort ,donelson4 ,,grant3 ,no terms except an unconditional and immediate surrender can be accepted4 ,i propose to move immediately upon your works4 ,,soldier3 ,your answer will be given to ,general ,buckner4 ,good bye1 ,general ,grant4 7,salute74 ,,grant3 7,salute74 ,goodbye4 ,,robert ,e4 ,,lee ,,introduction3 ,robert ,e4 ,lee was born in #ahjg1 of an old aristocratic ,virginia family2 he graduated from ,west ,point 7#ahbi7 and spent thirty-two years in the regular army2 he distinguished himself in the ,mexican ,war4 ,just before the ,civil ,war broke out1 he wrote to a friend3 ,if the ,union is dissolved and the ,government disrupted1 ,i shall return to my native state and share the miseries of my people1 and1 save in defense1 will draw my sword no more4 ,a few days after the fall of ,fort ,sumter1 he was offered the command of the ,united ,states ,army and declined it4 ,he resigned and after ,virginia seceded1 accepted a ,confederate commission4 ,he took command of the ,army of ,northern ,virginia ,june #a1 #ahfb4 ,he had great power over men and his soldiers had perfect confidence in ,uncle ,robert4 ,,act ,,ii4 ,,introduction3 ,the surrender of ,appomattox ,court ,house4 ,salute4 ,lee and his staff in room4 ,lee in full dress uniform4 ,grant enters with his staff4 ,grant shakes hands with ,lee4 ,grant dressed in rough clothes4 ,,grant3 ,how do you do1 ,general ,lee4 ,we have not met since the ,mexican ,war4 ,strange is it not8 ,,lee3 7,salute74 ,how do you do1 ,general ,grant4 ,no we have missed meeting4 ,i have sent for you today1 ,general ,grant1 to ask you the terms of a surrender4 ,,grant3 ,the terms are the same as those sent you a few days ago1 ,general ,lee4 ,all of ,northern ,virginia must lay down their arms and take up the ,stars and ,stripes4 ,,lee3 ,write them and ,i will sign4 ,,union ,,soldier ,,speaks ,,to ,,officer ,,with ,,lee3 ,why is it that you and your ,general are in full dress uniform8 ,,officer3 ,when ,sherman came through we saved our best suit and this is all we have4 7,grant writes terms and reads to ,general ,lee47 ,the ,terms3 ,all the ,army of ,northern ,virginia must lay down their arms and take up the ,stars and ,stripes4 ,the men are to be allowed to return to their homes and are not to be disturbed by the ,united ,states authority so long as they observe their paroles and the laws in force where they reside4 ,they are to be allowed to take their horses home to do the spring plowing4 ,,lee3 ,you have been generous1 ,general ,grant4 7,offers sword to ,grant4 ,grant takes it and returns it with this remark73 ,,grant3 ,a brave man should not be separated from his sword4 ,i tender it back to you4 7,grant and ,lee shake hands4 ,lee goes to his men and speaks to them74 ,,lee3 ,men we have fought through this war together4 ,i have done my best for you4 ,,grant3 7,speaks to his men74 ,this day is not to be spent as a day of victory but in peace and quiet4 ,these men are now citizens of the same country and are to be treated as such4 ,,some ,,women ,,of ,,history ,,introduction3 ,we are now going to tell you the story of some of the great women of our nation1 ,elizabeth ,cady ,stanton1 ,susan ,b4 ,anthony1 ,julia ,ward ,howe1 and others4 ,the first act will be ,elizabeth ,cady ,stanton1 the first champion of ,woman ,suffrage1 and the first ,woman's ,rights ,convention4 ,,act ,i4 ,,mrs4 ,,stanton ,,talking3 ,ladies we are met here today to discuss women1 our social1 civil and religious conditions1 and the rights of women4 7,applause74 ,for generations we have been held down by man 7more applause74 ,i want to read to you a set of resolutions4 ,we will call them a ,declaration of ,sentiments4 ,they will be met of course with ridicule but that does not matter4 ,right is right and in time will prevail4 ,here are some of the resolutions3 ,first3 ,we should have the same right as any other citizen of the ,united ,states4 ,the right to own and manage our own property4 ,the right to cast a vote at an election4 ,there are others that we will talk of4 ,you see ladies we should have an equal vote with men4 7,much applause74 ,,act ,,ii4 ,,introduction3 ,susan ,b4 ,anthony met ,mrs4 ,stanton soon after this convention and though she had not been in sympathy with the ,declaration of ,sentiments she changed and was ever after a friend of women's suffrage4 ,they started a weekly paper which they called ,the ,revolution4 ,the next act will be ,mrs4 ,stanton and ,miss ,anthony talking about their paper4 ,,miss ,,stanton3 ,we must let the people of the ,united ,states see that the only ,true ,republic is this ,men their rights and nothing more--,women their rights and nothing less4 ,,miss ,,anthony3 ,yes1 this is the only way for us to get our rights4 ,we will organize a ,national ,women's ,suffrage ,association4 ,,miss ,,stanton3 ,we will go over the country to any state we are needed and talk to the people4 ,,miss ,,anthony3 ,yes1 ,i will address ,congress and ,i will cast a vote for the ,president4 ,it is my right under the ,fourteenth ,amendment to the ,constitution4 ,end of ,act ,,ii4 ,transcriber's ,note3 ,the reader is obliged to seek information on ,julia ,ward ,howe1 and others elsewhere1 as the digital images of this document contain final blank pages and a back cover1 but no further text4 99 99 99 99 99 ,transcriber's ,note3 ,a ,table of ,contents has been added to this ebook for the reader's convenience4 ,inconsistencies in punctuation1 spelling and capitalization have been retained to match the text of the original document4 ,the following typographical corrections have been made3 ,page #g3 ,removed stray parenthesis 7,powhatan's fierce warriors47 ,page #ah3 ,changed ,adam's to ,adams' 7,mr4 ,adams' speech7 ,page #bb3 ,added missing word 'of' 7before one of these7 ,page #bb3 ,added missing letter 'i' to 'with' 7with the ,indians7 ,page #bf3 ,added missing period 7,they sign47 ,page #bg3 ,changed 'ahe' to 'the' 7caught the woodchuck7 ,page #cj3 ,added missing word ',,of' 7,,member ,,of ,,congress7 ,page #cc3 ,changed ,a,esops to ,a,esop's 7,a,esop's ,fables7 ,page #cd3 ,added missing period 7,sure1 ,sure47 ,page #cd3 ,added missing period 7,mr4 ,lincoln7 ,page #cd3 ,added missing quotation marks 7with the ,proclamation47 ,page #cd3 ,changed 4 to 8 7,what is the matter1 ,mr4 ,lincoln87 ,for ease of navigation during classroom use1 a few minor formatting adjustments have been made in this ebook4 ,six speakers' names were converted to ,,small ,,caps to match the style of the text2 four cases of left-justified unattributed dialogue were indented 7three cases of ,aye6 ,aye6 and one case of ,no1 tell us472 and parentheses were added around some stage directions to better differentiate them from dialogue4