,transcrib]'s note   ,m9or punctuation  
errors h be5 *ang$ )\t notice4 ,pr9t]   
errors h be5 *ang$ & are li/$ at ! end4 
,! ,riv]side ,biographical ,s]ies       
,,&rew ,,jackson1 by ,w4 ,g4 ,,br[n     
,,james ,b4 ,,eads1 by ,,l\is ,,h[      
,,b5jam9 ,,frankl91 by ,,paul ,e4 ,,m   
,,pet] ,,coop]1 by ,r4 ,w4 ,,raymond    
,,?omas ,,jeff]son1 by ,h4 ,c4 ,,m]w9   
,,william ,,p5n1 by ,,george ,,hodges   
,,g5]al ,,grant4 7,9 prep>ation7        
,,lewis ,,& ,,cl>k1 by ,,william ,r4    
,,lighton4 7,9 prep>ation7  ,ea* ab\t   
#ajj pages1 #afmo1 ) photogravure       
portrait1 #ge c5ts2 ,s*ool ,edition1 #ej
 c5ts1 net     ,,h\ghton1 ,,miffl9      
,,co4    ,,bo/on ,,& ,,new ,,york     ,!
 ,riv]side ,biographical ,s]ies  ,,numb]
 #f  ,,william ,,p5n  ,,by  ,,george    
,,hodges  ,illu/ration3        ,,william
 ,,p5n     ,,by     ,,george ,,hodges   
,illu/ration     ,,h\ghton1 ,,miffl9 ,,&
 ,,company     ,bo/on3 #d ,p>k ,/reet2  
,new ,york3 #aa ,ea/ ,sev5te5? ,/reet   
,*icago3 #cgh-chh ,waba% ,av5ue     ,!  

,riv]side ,press1 ,cambridge            
,,copyright1 #aija1 ,,by ,,george       
,,hodges    ,,all ,,rights ,,res]v$     
,,cont5ts      ,,*ap4                   
,,page        ,i4 ,a ,,puritan          
,,boyhood3 ,,wan/ead ,,*ur* ,,&         
,,*igwell ,,s*ool        #a       ,,ii4 
,,at ,,ox=d3 ,,influ5ce ,,( ,,?omas     
,,loe                            #h     
,,iii4 ,,9 ,,france ,,& ,,irel&3 ,,!    
,,_w ,,& ,,! ,,o!r ,,_w         #bb     
,,iv4 ,,p5n ,,becomes ,a ,,quak]3       
,,p]secution ,,& ,,controv]sy           
#cc        ,v4 ,,! ,,beg9n+ ,,( ,,p5n',s
 ,,political ,,life3 ,,! ,,holy         
,,exp]im5t                              
#ec       ,,vi4 ,,! ,,settlem5t ,,(     
,,p5nsylvania3 ,,p5n',s ,,fir/ ,,visit  
,,to ,,!            ,,prov9ce           
#fh      ,,vii4 ,,at ,,! ,,c\rt ,,(     
,,james ,,! ,,second1 ,,& ,,9           
,,retirem5t        #ic     ,,viii4      
,,p5n',s ,,second ,,visit ,,to ,,!      
,,prov9ce3 ,,clos+ ,,ye>s          #aac 
,,william ,,p5n     ,i  ,a ,,puritan    

,,boyhood3 ,,wan/ead ,,*ur* ,,&         
,,*igwell ,,s*ool   ,! "m ( ,william    
,p5n came f ,rott]dam1 9 ,holl&4 ,%e 0 !
 daught] ( ,john ,jasp]1 a m]*ant ( t   
city4 ,! lively ,mr4 ,pepys1 :o met h] 9
 #affd1 :5 ,william 0 tw5ty ye>s ( age1 
describes h] z a fat1 %ort1 old         
,dut*woman1 & says t %e 0 mighty homely4
 ,he records a tattl+ neighbor's gossip 
t %e 0 n a good h\sekeep]4 ,he cr$its   
h]1 h[ev]1 ) hav+ m wit & discretion ?an
 h] husb&1 & lik$ h] bett] z 8          
acqua9tance ) h] progress$4 ,t %e 0 ( a 
*e]ful disposition is evid5c$ by _m     
passages ( ,pepys's ,di>y4 ,t is all we 
"k ab\t h]4  ,william's fa!r 0 an       
ambiti\s1 successful1 & important p]son4
 ,he 0 tw5ty-two ye>s old1 & already a  
capta9 9 ! navy1 :5 he m>ri$ ,m>g>et    
,jasp]4 ,! ye> aft] 8 m>riage he 0 made 
re>-admiral ( ,irel&2 two ye>s aft] t1  
admiral ( ! ,/raits2 9 f\r ye>s m1      
vice-admiral ( ,engl&2 & ! next ye>1 a  
g5]al ( ! sea 9 ! ,dut* w>4 ,?is 0 9    
,cromwell's "t1 :5 ! naval /r5g? (      

,engl& 0 be+ mightily increas$4 ,a "y   
man ( en]gy & ability1 acqua9t$ ) ! sea1
 0 easily 9 ! l9e ( promotion4  ,!      
family 0 anci5t & respectable4 ,p5n's   
fa!r1 h[ev]1 began life ) little money  
or education1 & few social advantages4  
,"l ,cl>5don obs]v$ ( him t he _h a     
great m9d to appe> bett] br$1 & to speak
 l a g5tleman1 imply+ t he f\nd "s      
difficulty 9 s do+4 ,cl>5don said1 also1
 t he _h _m good words :i* he us$ at    
adv5ture4  ,! ,p5ns liv$ on ,t[] ,hill1 
9 ! ,p>i% ( ,/4 ,ca!r9e's1 9 a c\rt     
adjo9+ ,london ,wall4 ,!re !y resid$ 9  
two *amb]s1 "o above ano!r1 & f>$       
frugally4 ,!re ,william 0 born on ! #ad?
 ( ,octob]1 #afdd4  ,m>/on ,moor 0 f\ght
 9 t ye>1 & all ,engl& 0 tak+ sides 9 ! 
cont5tion betwe5 ! ,p>liam5t & ! k+4 ,! 
navy 0 9 sympa?y ) ! ,p>liam5t2 & ! "y  
(fic]1 ?\gh 8 p]sonal incl9ations 7     
t[>ds ! k+1 w5t ) 8 associates4 ,b 9    
#afed he appe>s to h lo/ fai? 9 !       
,commonweal?4 ,cromwell s5t an exp$ition
 to seize ! ,spani% ,we/ ,indies4 ,he   

put ,p5n 9 *>ge ( ! fleet1 & made       
,v5ables g5]al ( ! army4 ,! two comm&]s1
 )\t conf]5ce "o ) ! o!r1 s5t secret ^w 
to ,*>les ,,ii41 !n 9 exile on !        
,cont95t1 & (f]$ him _! %ips & soldi]s4 
,?is transaction1 ?\gh x seem$ = ! mom5t
 to be ( none effect1 result$ ye>s      
aft]w>d 9 ! erection ( ! ,colony (      
,p5nsylvania4 ,*>les decl9$ ! (f]2 he   
wi%$ !m to res]ve _! affections = 8     
,maje/y till a m prop] season to discov]
 !m2 b he nev] =got x4 ,x 0 ! beg9n+ ( a
 fri5d%ip betwe5 ! ,h\se ( ,/u>t & !    
family ( ,p5n1 :i* ,william ,p5n        
inh]it$4  ,! exp$ition captur$ ,jamaica1
 & made x a ,briti% colony2 b 9 its o!r 
und]tak+s x fail$ mis]ably2 & ! admiral1
 on 8 return1 0 dismiss$ f ! navy &     
committ$ to ! ,t[]4  ,ab\t t same "t1 ! 
admiral's "y son1 be+ !n 9 ! twelf? ye> 
( 8 age1 beheld a vision4 ,8 "m _h      
remov$ ) him to ! village ( ,wan/ead1 9 
,essex4 ,"h1 z he 0 alone 9 8 *amb]1 he 
0 sudd5ly surpris$ ) an inw>d com=t1 &1 
z he ?\ght1 an ext]nal glory 9 8 room1  

:i* gave rise to religi\s emotions1 dur+
 :i* he _h ! /ronge/ conviction ( ! be+ 
( a ,god1 & t ! s\l ( man 0 capable (   
enjoy+ communication ) him4 ,he believ$1
 also1 t ! seal ( ,div9ity _h be5 put ^u
 him at ?is mom5t1 or t he _h be5 awak5$
 or call$ ^u to a holy life4  ,:ile     
,william ,p5n ! eld] _h be5 go+ f       
promotion to promotion1 sail+ ! high    
seas1 & fight+ battles ) ! enemies (    
,engl&1 ,william ,p5n ! y\ng] _h be5    
liv+ ) all possible quietness 9 ! gre5  
c\ntry1 say+ 8 pray]s 9 ,wan/ead ,*ur*1 
& le>n+ 8 lessons 9 ,*igwell ,s*ool4    
,wan/ead ,*ur* 0 devot$ly ,puritan4 ,!  
*ief citiz5s _h sign$ a prote/ aga9/ any
 ,popi% innovations1 & _h agre$ to puni%
 e (f5d] aga9/ ! true re=m$ ,prote/ant  
religion4  ,! f\nd] ( ,*igwell ,s*ool _h
 prescrib$ 9 8 de$ ( gift t ! ma/] %\ld 
be a good ,poet1 ( a s\nd religion1     
nei!r ,papal nor ,puritan2 ( a good     
behavi\r2 ( a sob] & hone/ conv]sation2 
no tippl] nor haunt] ( aleh\ses1 no     
puff] ( tobacco2 &1 above all1 apt to   

tea* & sev]e 9 8 gov]nm5t4 ,"h ,william 
/udi$ ,lilly's ,lat9 & ,cleon>d's ,greek
 ,gramm>1 toge!r ) cyph]+ & ca/+-up     
acc\nts1 be+ a good s*ol>1 we may guess1
 9 ! classics1 b enc\nt]+ ! ma/]'s sev]e
 gov]nm5t 9 8 sums4 ,*igwell 0 z        
,puritan a place z ,wan/ead4 ,ab\t ! "t 
( ,william's go+ ?i!r1 ! vic> _h be5    
eject$ on petition f ! p>i%ion]s1 :o    
compla9$ t he _h an alt> be=e :i* he b[$
 & cr+$1 & :i* he _h be5 kn[n to kiss   
twice 9 "o day4  ,x is pla9 t religion  
made up a l>ge1 int]e/+1 & important "p 
( life 9 ^! villages 9 :i* ,william ,p5n
 0 gett+ 8 fir/ impressions ( ! _w4 ,all
 ab\t 7 great =e/s1 ^: %ad[s invit$ him 
to seclusion & m$itation4 ,all ! news 0 
( great battles1 mo/ ( !m f\ght 9 a     
religi\s cause1 :i* ev5 a lad c\ld      
appreciate1 & t[>ds :i* he w\ld readily 
take an attitude ( /\t p>tisan%ip4 ,!   
boy 0 deeply affect$ by ^! surr\nd+s4 ,i
 0 br$ a ,prote/ant1 he said long       
aft]w>ds1 & t /rictly1 too4 ,tra9$ z he 
0 9 ,puritan habits ( introspection1 he 

li/5$ = ! voice ( ,god1 & he>d x4 ,?us !
 tone ( 8 life 0 set4 ,!re 7 mom5ts 9 8 
y\? :5 ! _w1 z ! phrase is1 attract$    
him2 !re 7 times 9 8 great c>e] :5 he   
seem$1 & p]haps 01 disob$i5t to ?is     
heav5ly vision2 b1 look+ back f ! end ( 
8 life to ?is beg9n+1 z a tale t is     
told1 x is se5 to be liv$ ?r\gh\t 9 !   
light ( ! glory :i* %one 9 8 room at    
,wan/ead4 ,william ,p5n f t h\r 0 a     
m>k$ly religi\s man4 ,!reaft]1 no?+ 0 s 
manife/ or em95t ab\t him z 8 religion4 
,,ii  ,,at ,,ox=d3 ,,influ5ce ,,(       
,,?omas ,,loe   ,on ! #bb;d ( ,april1   
#affa1 we get ano!r glimpse ( ,william4 
,mr ,pepys1 hav+ ris5 e>ly on ! morn+ ( 
t day1 & put on 8 velvet coat1 & made   
himself1 z he says1 z f9e z he c\ld1    
repair$ to ,mr4 ,"y's1 ! flag-mak]1 9   
,cornhill1 to view ! procession :]e9 !  
k+ %\ld ride ?r\gh ,london4 ,!re he f\nd
 ,sir ,w4 ,p5 & 8 son1 ) sev]al o!rs4   
,we _h a good room to ourselves1 he     
says1 ) w9e & good cake1 & saw ! %[ v   
well4 ,! /reets 7 new gravel$1 & !      

fronts ( ! h\ses hung ) c>pets1 ) ladies
 look+ out ( all ! w9d[s2 & s glori\s 0 
! %[ ) gold & silv]1 t we 7 n able to   
look at x1 our eyes at la/ be+ s        
ov]come4  ,?is 0 a glory v diff]5t f t  
:i* ! lad _h se51 five or six ye>s be=e1
 9 8 room4 ,! _w 0 "h pres5t+ its       
attractions 9 competition ) ! o!r _w ( !
 e>li] vision4 ,! contra/ is a symbol ( 
! cont5tion betwe5 ! two ideals1 into   
:i* ,william 0 imm$iately to ent]4  ,!  
k+ & ! ,duke ( ,york _h look$ up z !y   
pass$ ! flag-mak]'s1 & _h recogniz$ !   
admiral4 ,he _h gone to ,irel&1 ^u 8    
release f ! ,t[]1 & _h !re resid$ 9     
retirem5t ^u an e/ate :i* 8 fa!r _h own$
 be=e him4 ,!nce return+1 z !           
,re/oration became m & m a probability1 
he _h secur$ a seat 9 ,p>liam5t1 & _h   
be5 a be>] ( ! welcome message :i* _h   
f9ally br\ght ,*>les f 8 exile 9 ,holl& 
to 8 ?rone 9 ,engl&4 ,= 8 "p 9 ?is      
pleasant err&1 he _h be5 knight$ & made 
,commission] ( ,admiralty & ,gov]nor (  
,k9sale4 ,?us 8 ambitions 7 be+ happily 

atta9$4 ,he _h retriev$ & improv$ 8     
=tunes1 & _h become an associate )      
p]sons ( rank & a favorite ) royalty4   
,he _h imm$iately s5t 8 son to ,ox=d4   
,william _h be5 ent]$ z a               
g5tleman-common] ( ,*ri/ ,*ur*1 at !    
beg9n+ ( ! ,mi*aelmas t]m ( #affj4 ,x 0 
cle>ly ! pat]nal int5tion t ! boy %\ld  
become a successful man ( ! _w & c\rti]1
 l 8 fa!r4  ,sir ,william1 h[ev]1 _h n  
reflect$ t :ile he _h be5 pursu+ 8 c>e] 
( calculat+ ambition & seek+ ! pleasure 
( pr9ces1 8 son _h be5 liv+ among/      
,puritans 9 a ,puritan neighborhood4 ,"y
 ,p5n w5t up to ,ox=d to f9d all ?+s 9  
confusion4 ,! ,puritans _h be5 put out (
 _! places1 & ! ,*ur*m5 7 ent]+ 94 ,x is
 likely t ?is1 ( itself1 displeas$ ! new
 /ud5t1 ^: sympa?ies 7 ) ! dispossess$4 
,! ,*ur*m51 moreov]1 br\ght _! cavali]  
habits ) !m4 ,9 ! reaction f ! sev]ity  
:i* !y _h j escap$1 !y did _m           
objectionable ?+s1 n only = ! pleasure (
 do+ !m1 b = ! add$ joy ( %ock+ _!      
,puritan neighbors4 ,!y amus$ !mselves  

freely on ! ,"l's day2 !y patroniz$     
games & plays2 & !y tippl$ & puff$      
tobacco1 & swore & swagg]$ 9 all ! newe/
 fa%ions4 ,william 0 ! son ( 8 fa!r 9   
appreciation ( pleasant & abundant liv+4
 ,b he 0 n ( a disposition to ent] into 
?is wanton & audaci\s m]ry-mak+1--a     
g5tle1 s]i\s c\ntry lad1 ) a ,puritan   
consci5ce4  ,moreov]1 at ?is mom5t1 9 ! 
face ( any possible temptation1         
,william's sob] ta/es & dev\t           
resolutions 7 /r5g!n$ by c]ta9 appeal+  
s]mons4 ,"h x 0 at ,ox=d1 ! nurs]y (    
en?usiasms & holy causes1 t he receiv$ !
 impulse :i* det]m9$ all 8 aft] life4   
,he sp5t b a scant two ye>s 9 college2 &
 ! "w ( ! lecture rooms mu/ h suff]$    
s]i\sly dur+ t "t f ! cont5tion &       
confusion ( ! *anges !n 9 progress2 s t 
academically ! college c\ld n h greatly 
pr(it$ him4 ,! pr(it came 9 ! influ5ce (
 ,?omas ,loe4 ,loe 0 a ,quak]4  ,! orig9
 ( ! "n ,quak] is unc]ta94 ,x is d]iv$  
by "s f ! fact t ! e>ly prea*]s ( ! sect
 trembl$ z !y spoke2 o!rs d$uce x f !   

trembl+ :i* _! spee* compell$ 9 ^? :o   
he>d x4 ,by ei!r d]ivation1 x indicates 
! e>ne/ _s ( t /range p :o1 9 ! sev5te5?
 c5tury1 7 annoy+ & displeas+ all _!    
neighbors4  ,george ,fox1 ! fir/ ,quak]1
 0 a cobbl]2 & ! fir/ ,quak] dress 0 !  
lea!r coat & bree*es :i* he made =      
himself ) 8 own tools4 ,!reaft] he 0    
indep5d5t bo? ( fa%ions & ( tailors4    
,cobbl] ?\gh he 01 & s sl5d]ly educat$ t
 he did n express himself grammatically1
 ,fox 0 nev]!less a prophet1 accord+ to 
! ord] ( ,amos1 ! h]dman ( ,tekoa4 ,he  
look$ out into ! ,engl& ( 8 day ) !     
ke5e/ eyes ( any man ( ! times1 & rem>k$
 ^u :at he saw ) ! mo/ hone/ & c&id     
spee*4 ,a man ( ! pla9 p1 l mo/ ( !     
prophets & apo/les1 ! (f5ses :i* *iefly 
attract$ 8 att5tion 7 su* z ! pla9 p    
naturally see4  ,out ( ! w9d[s ( 8      
cobbl]'s %op1 ,fox beheld ) righte\s    
indignation ! extravagant & ins9c]e     
c\rtesies ( ! g5tlefolk1 & he>d _!      
exagg]at$ phrases ( complim5t4 ,9 prote/
 aga9/ ! unmean+ c\rtesies1 he wore 8   

hat 9 ! pres5ce ( no matt] :om1 tak+ x  
(f only 9 "t ( pray]4 ,9 prote/ aga9/ ! 
unmean+ complim5ts1 he address$ no man  
by any artificial title1 call+ all 8    
neighbors1 )\t di/9ction ( p]sons1 by _!
 ,*ri/ian names2 & = ! plural pron\n y1 
! plural ( dignity & flatt]y1 he        
sub/itut$ !e & ?\4  ,! same lit]alness  
appe>$ 9 8 selection ( ,swe> n at all z 
"o ( ! c>d9al comm&m5ts1 & 9 8          
application ( x to ! oa?s ( ! c\rt & ( !
 /ate4 ,! ,s]mon on ! ,m\nt has 9 all   
ages be5 consid]$ difficult to enact 9  
common life1 b x w\ld h be5 h>d to f9d  
any s5t5ce 9 x :i* 9 ! days ( ,fox &    
,p5n1 ) _! int]pretation1 w\ld h br\ght 
^u a consci5ti\s p]son a heavi] burd5 ( 
inconv5i5ce4 ,n only did x make !       
,quak]s guilty ( contempt ( c\rt & ?us  
initially at fault 9 all legal bus9ess1 
b x expos$ !m to a natural suspicion (  
disloyalty to ! gov]nm5t4 ,x 0 a "t (   
political *ange1 fir/ ! ,commonweal?1 !n
 ,*>les1 !n ,james1 !n ,william2 & e    
*ange signifi$ ! supremacy ( a new idea 

9 religion1 ,puritan1 ,anglican1 ,roman 
,ca?olic1 & ,prote/ant4 ,e new rul]     
dem&$ a new oa? ( allegiance2 & z plots 
& conspiracies 7 multipli$1 ! oa? 0     
requir$ aga9 & aga92 s t ,engl& 0 l an  
unruly s*ool1 ^: ma/] is cont9ually     
call+ ^u ! pupils to decl>e :e!r or no  
!y are guilty ( ?is or t (f5se4 ,!      
,quak]s 7 =bidd5 by _! doctr9e ( ! oa?  
to make answ] 9 ! =m :i* ! /ate requir$4
 ,& !y suff]$ = ?is scruple z m5 h      
suff]$ = ! ma9t5ance ( et]nal pr9ciples4
  ,to ! social ecc5tricity ( !          
irremoveable hat & ! s+ul> pron\n1 & to 
! civil ecc5tricity ( ! refus$ oa?1     
,george ,fox & 8 disciples add$ a s]ies 
( prote/s aga9/ ! mo/ v5]able cu/oms (  
,*ri/ianity4 ,!y did away ) all ! =ms & 
c]emonies ( ,*ur*man & ( ,puritan alike4
 ,n ev5 baptism1 n ev5 ! ,"l's ,supp]   
rema9$4 ,_! s]vice 0 a sil5t meet+1 ^:  
solemn /illness 0 brok51 if at all1 by !
 voice ( "o :o 0 s5sibly mov$ by ! ,_s (
 ,god4 ,!y disc>d$ all ord]s ( ! m9i/ry4
 ,!y refus$ alike all cre$s & all       

confessions4  ,n cont5t ) ?us ab&on+ mo/
 t _! contempor>ies valu$ among !       
in/itutions ( religion1 ! ,quak]s made  
!mselves obtrusively obnoxi\s4 ,!y argu$
 & exhort$1 9 season & out ( season2 !y 
pr9t$ endless pages ( eag] & viol5t     
controv]sy2 !y w5t into *ur*es &        
int]rupt$ s]vices & s]mons4  ,among/ ^! 
v>i\s d5ials !re 7 two positive         
ass]tions4 ,"o 0 ! doctr9e ( ! return to
 primitive ,*ri/ianity2 ! o!r 0 !       
doctr9e ( ! inw>d light4 ,let u get     
back1 !y said1 to ^? bless$ c5turies :5 
! tea*+ ( ! ,apo/les 0 rememb]$1 & !    
fell[%ip ( ! ,apo/les 0 fai?fully       
kept1--:5 ,ju/9 ,m>tyr & ,ir5u &        
,ignatius & ! o!r holy fa!rs liv$4 ,&   
let u li/5 to ! inn] voice2 let u live 9
 ! illum9ation ( ! light :i* lighte? e  
man1 & att5d to ! c\nsels ( t ,holy ,_s 
^: m9i/rations did n cease ) ! dep>ture 
( ! la/ ,apo/le4 ,god1 !y believ$1 spoke
 to !m directly1 & told !m :at to d4    
,george ,fox1 9 #afef1 _h br\ght ?is    
tea*+ to ,ox=d2 & among ! company (     

,quak]s :i* _h ?us be5 ga!r$ "u ! eaves 
( ! univ]sity1 ,?omas ,loe _h become a  
public ,fri5d1 or1 z w\ld commonly be   
said1 a m9i/]4 ,:5 ,william ,p5n ent]$  
,*ri/ ,*ur* ,college1 ,loe 0 probably 9 
! t[n jail4 ,x is at lea/ c]ta9 t he 0  
imprison$ !re1 ) =ty o!r ,quak]s1       
sometime 9 #affj4  ,to ,loe's prea*+ _m 
( ! /ud5ts li/5$ ) att5tion4 ,x is easy 
to see h[ 8 doctr9es w\ld appeal to "y  
manhood4 ,! fact t !y 7 =bidd5 w\ld     
attract "s1 & t ! man :o prea*$ ?us _h  
suff]$ = 8 fai? w\ld attract o!rs4 ,_!  
emphasis ^u entire s9c]ity & consi/5cy 9
 ^w & de$ w\ld comm5d !m to hone/ s\ls1 
:ile ! exaltation ( ! inw>d light w\ld  
move !n1 z 9 all ages1 ! ideali/s1 !    
poets1 ! en?usia/s among !m4 ,william   
,p5n knew :at ! inw>d light 04 ,he _h   
se5 x %9+ s t x fill$ all ! room :]e he 
0 sitt+4 ,accord+ly1 he n only w5t to   
he> ,loe speak b 0 pr(\ndly impress$ by 
:at he he>d4  ,if ,p5n 0 naturally a    
religi\s p]son1--by inh]itance1 p]haps1 
f 8 "m1--he 0 also naturally ( a        

political m9d1 by inh]itance f 8 fa!r4  
,:at ,loe said t\*$ bo? sides ( ?is     
inh]itance4 ,= ! ,quak]s _h already     
begun to dream ( a colony across ! sea4 
,! ,*ur*m5 _h su* a colony 9 ,virg9ia2 !
 ,puritans _h "o 9 ,massa*usetts2       
some:]e else 9 t untill$ cont95t !re mu/
 be a place = ^? :o 9 ,engl& c\ld expect
 no peace f ei!r ,puritan or ,*ur*man4  
,n only _h !y plann$ to h sometime a    
c\ntry ( _! own1 b !y _h already locat$ 
x4 ,!y _h *os5 ! l&s :i* lay beh9d !    
,j]seys4 ,:ile ,loe 0 prea*+ & ,p5n 0   
li/5+1 ,fox 0 writ+ to ,josiah ,cole1 a 
,quak] :o 0 !n 9 ,am]ica1 ask+ him to   
conf] ) ! *iefs ( ! ,susquehanna        
,indians4 ,?is plan ,loe reveal$ to 8   
/ud5t congregation4 ,x appeal$ to ,p5n4 
,he _h an in/9ctive appreciation ( l>ge 
ideas1 & an imag9ation & confid5ce :i*  
made him eag] to und]take _! execution4 
,x 0 9 8 blood4 ,x 0 ! _s :i* _h c>ri$ 8
 fa!r f a lieut5ancy 9 ! navy to !      
position ( an honor$ & influ5tial memb] 
( ! c\rt4 ,i _h an op5+ ( joy z to ^!   

p>ts1 he says1 mean+ ,p5nsylvania1 9    
#affa1 at ,ox=d4  ,?is meet+ ) ,loe 0   
!re=e a crisis 9 ,p5n's life4 ,william  
,p5n w always be rememb]$ z a lead]     
among ! e>ly ,quak]s1 & z ! f\nd] ( a   
commonweal?4 ,he fir/ became acqua9t$ ) 
! ,quak]s1 & fir/ conceiv$ ! idea (     
f\nd+ at ,ox=d1 or assi/+ to f\nd1 a    
commonweal?1 by ! prea*+ ( ,?omas ,loe4 
,x is a curi\s fact t ! _s ( prote/ w   
(t5 pass by s]i\s (f5ses & fa/5 ^u "s   
app>5tly slight occasion :i* has r a    
symbolical ?an an actual importance4    
,william ,p5n1 s f> z we "k1 endur$ !   
disord]s ( anti-,puritan ,ox=d )\t      
prote/4 ,he ent]$ s f> into ! life ( !  
place z to contribute1 ) o!r /ud5ts1 to 
a s]ies ( ,lat9 elegies ^u ! dea? ( !   
,duke ( ,gl\ce/]2 & he delight$1 ,an?ony
 ,wood tells u1 9 manly sports at times 
( recreation4 ,x is true t he may h     
writt5 to 8 fa!r to take him away1 =    
,mr4 ,pepys records 9 8 j\rnal1 "u date 
( ,jan4 #be1 #affb1 ,sir ,w4 ,p5 came to
 me1 & did break a bus9ess to me ab\t   

remov+ 8 son f ,ox=d to ,cambridge1 to  
"s private college4 ,b no?+ came ( x4   
,william is said1 inde$1 to h abs5t$    
himself r (t5 f ! college pray]s1 & to h
 jo9$ ) o!r /ud5ts :om ! ,quak] prea*+  
_h affect$ 9 hold+ pray]-meet+s 9 _! own
 rooms4 ,b all w5t fairly well until an 
ord] 0 issu$ requir+ ! /ud5ts1 accord+  
to ! anci5t cu/om1 to we> surplices 9   
*apel4 ,!n ! "y ,puritan arose1 & assi/$
 9 a ritual rebellion4 ,he & 8 fri5ds   
fell ^u ^? /ud5ts :o appe>$ 9 surplices1
 & he & !y toge!r tore !m ev]y:]e ov] _!
 heads4 ,n cont5t ) ?us seiz+ & r5d+ !  
obnoxi\s ve/m5ts1 !y proce$$ fur!r to   
?ru/ ! :ite g[ns into ! ne>e/ cesspool1 
into ^: dep?s !y pok$ !m ) long /icks4  
,?is incid5t end$ ,william's c\rse at   
college4 ,x is d\btful :e!r he 0 expell$
 or only susp5d$4 ,he 0 dismiss$1 & nev]
 return$4 ,eight ye>s aft]1 *anc+ to    
pass ?r\gh ,ox=d1 & le>n+ t ,quak]      
/ud5ts 7 /ill subject$ to ! rigors (    
academic discipl9e1 he wrote a lett] to 
! vice-*ancellor4 ,x probably expresses 

! s5tim5ts ) :i* z an und]graduate he _h
 reg>d$ ! univ]sity au?orities3 ,%all ! 
multipli$ oppressions :i* ?\ cont9ue/ to
 heap ^u innoc5t ,engli% p = _! religion
 pass unreg>d$ by ! ,et]nal ,god8 ,do/  
?\ ?9k to escape 8 fi]ce wra? & dreadful
 v5geance = ?y ungodly & illegal        
p]secution ( 8 poor *ildr58 ,i tell !e1 
no4 ,bett] 7 x = !e ?\ had/ nev] be5    
born4 ,& s on1 9 ! controv]sial dialect 
( ! "t1 call+ ! vice-*ancellor a poor   
mu%room1 & abus+ him g5]ally4 ,else:]e1 
9 a retrospect :i* ,i %all pres5tly     
quote at l5g?1 he ref]s to 8 univ]sity  
exp]i5ces3 ,( my p]secution at ,ox=d1 & 
h[ ! ,"l su/a9$ me 9 ! mid/ ( t helli%  
d>kness & debau*]y2 ( my be+ bani%$ !   
college4     ,,iii  ,,9 ,,france ,,&    
,,irel&3 ,,! ,,_w ,,& ,,! ,,o!r ,,_w    
,9 8 retrospect ( 8 e>ly life1 ,p5n     
notes :at imm$iately foll[$ 8 dep>ture f
 ! univ]sity3 ,! bitt] usage ,i und]w5t 
:5 ,i return$ to my fa!r1--:ipp+1 beat+1
 & turn+ out ( doors 9 #affb4  ,!       
admiral 0 ?or\ghly angry4 ,he 0 at be/ b

 imp]fectly acqua9t$ ) 8 son1 ( :om 9 8 
busy life he _h se5 b little1 & 0 !re=e 
unprep>$ = su* extraord9>y conduct4 ,he 
0 by no means a religi\s p]son4 ,= !    
spiritual1 or ev5 ! ecclesia/ical1      
aspects ( ! matt]1 he c>$ no?+4 ,b he   
_h1 z ,cl>5don p]ceiv$1 a /rong desire  
to be well ?\ght ( by ^? :o compos$ !   
good society ( ! day4 ,he expect$ !     
memb]s ( 8 family to deport !mselves z  
befitt$ su* society4 ,& "h 0 ,william1  
:om he _h c>efully s5t to a college :]e 
he w\ld naturally consort ) ! sons (    
titl$ families1 tak+ up ) a religi\s    
movem5t :i* w\ld br+ him into ! company 
( cobbl]s & t9k]s4 ,x is said1 inde$1 t 
,rob]t ,sp5c]1 aft]w>ds ,e>l ( ,sund]l&1
 help$ ,william de/roy ! surplices4 ,b  
?is is d5i$2 & ev5 if x 7 true1 x w\ld  
be pla91 f ,sp5c]'s aft] c>e]1 t he did 
x n = ! pr9ciple1 b = ! fun ( ! ?+4     
,william 0 9 ! mo/ sob] e>ne/4          
,accord+ly1 ! admiral turn$ 8 son out ( 
doors4  ,! boy came back1 ( c\rse4      
,beat+ & turn+ out ( doors 7 n su* s]i\s

 ev5ts 9 ! sev5te5? c5tury z !y w\ld be 
at pres5t4 ,mo/ m5 said m1 & 9 l\d]     
voices1 & meant less4 ,x 0 b a brief    
qu>rel1 & fa!r & son made x up z be/ !y 
c\ld4 ,x 0 pla91 h[ev]1 t some?+ mu/ be 
done4 ,:ipp+ w\ld n avail4 ,william's   
head 0 full ( que] notions1 ^u :i* a    
/ick _h no effect4 ,8 fa!r be?\ght      
himself ( ! pleasant div]sions (        
,france4 ,! lad1 he said1 has liv$ 9 !  
c\ntry all 8 days1 & has _h no          
acqua9tance ) ! m]ry _w2 he %all g      
abroad1 t he may see life1 & le>n to    
behave l a g5tleman2 let u see if ?is w 
n cure him ( 8 pi\s follies4            
,accord+ly1 to ,france ! "y man w5t1 &  
travel$ 9 company ) c]ta9 p]sons ( rank4
 ,he /ay$ m ?an a ye>1 & enjoy$ himself 
greatly4 ,he 0 at ! age :5 all ! _w is  
new & int]e/+2 & be+ ( attractive       
appe>ance & high spirits1 ) pl5ty (     
money1 ! _w gave him a cordial welcome4 
,s f> did he v5ture into ! cu/oms ( !   
c\ntry1 t he _h a fight "o night 9 a    
,p>is /reet ) somebody :o cross$ swords 

) him1 & dis>m$ 8 antagoni/4 ,he _h a   
"r1 accord+ to ! rules1 to kill him1 b  
he decl9$ to d s4 ,:5 he came home1 he  
pleas$ 8 fa!r mu* by 8 graceful behavior
 & elegant attire4 ,?is day1 says ,mr4  
,pepys 9 8 di>y = ,augu/ #bf1 #affd1 my 
wife tells me t ,mr4 ,p51 ,sir          
,william's son1 is come back f ,france1 
& came to visit h]4 ,a mo/ modi% p]son  
gr[n1 %e says1 a f9e g5tleman4 ,pepys   
?9ks t he is ev5 a bit too ,fr5* 9 8    
mann] & conv]sation4  ,i rememb] y\r    
hon\r v well1 writes a correspond5t ye>s
 aft]1 :5 y came newly out ( ,france1 & 
wore pantaloon bree*es4  ,?is j\rney    
affect$ ,p5n all ! re/ ( 8 life4 ,x     
re/ra9$ him f foll[+ ! absurd]          
s+ul>ities ( 8 associates4 ,george      
,fox's lea!r suit he w\ld h f\nd        
impossible4 ,he wore 8 hat 9 ! ,quak]   
way1 & said !e & ?\1 b o!rwise he appe>s
 to h dress$ & act$ accord+ to !        
conv5tions ( polite society4 ,he did1   
inde$1 become a ,quak]2 b !re 7 always  
,quak]s :o look$ askance at him because 

he 0 s diff]5t f !m1 able to speak ,fr5*
 & acqua9t$ ) ! mann]s ( draw+-rooms4   
,9 two respects1 h[ev]1 8 visit to      
,france diff]$ f t ( "s ( 8 companions 9
 travel4 ,!re 7 places to :i* !y w5t )\t
 him2 & !re 7 places to :i* he w5t )\t  
!m4 ,he kept himself f ! gross]         
temptations ( ! c\ntry4 ,y h be5 z bad z
 o!r folks1 said ,sir ,john ,rob9son :5 
,p5n 0 on trial = prea*+ 9 ! /reet4     
,:51 cri$ ,p5n1 & :]e8 ,i *>ge !e tell !
 company to my face4  ,abroad1 said     
,rob9son1 & at home1 too4  ,i make ?is  
bold *all5ge1 answ]$ ,p5n1 to all m51   
wom5 & *ildr5 ^u e>?1 ju/ly to accuse me
 ) ev] hav+ se5 me drunk1 he>d me swe>1 
utt] a curse1 or speak "o obsc5e ^w 7mu*
 less t ,i ev] made x my practice74 ,i  
speak ?is to ,god's glory1 t has ev]    
pres]v$ me f ! p[] ( ^? pollutions1 & t 
f a *ild begot an hatr$ 9 me t[>ds !m4  
,he w5t away alone = "s mon?s to !      
,prote/ant college ( ,saumur1 :]e he    
devot$ himself to a /udy ( t primitive  
,*ri/ianity 9 :i*1 z ,loe _h told him1 0

 to be f\nd ! true ideal ( ! ,*ri/ian   
,*ur*4 ,"h he acquir$ an acqua9tance ) !
 writ+s ( ! e>ly ,fa!rs1 f :om he lik$  
to quote4  ,?us he return$ to ,engl& 9  
#affd1 attir$ 9 ,fr5* pantaloon bree*es1
 & ) little ,fr5* affectations 9 8      
mann]1 b )\t vices1 & ) a smatt]+ (     
patri/ic le>n+4 ,he 0 s5t by 8 fa!r to  
/udy law at ,l9coln's ,inn4 ,he 0 to be 
a c\rti]1 & 9 t position x w\ld be bo?  
becom+ & conv5i5t to h "s k ( ! law4    
,?us he settl$ d[n among ! lawy]s1 & x  
seem$ = ! mom5t z if 8 fa!r _h succe$$ 9
 8 purpose4 ,x seem$ z if ! _w _h       
effectually obscur$ ! o!r _w4  ,!re are 
two lett]s1 writt5 ab\t ?is "t f        
,william to 8 fa!r1 :i* %[ a pleasant   
mixture ( piety ) a lively int]e/ 9 !   
life ab\t him4 ,he has be5 at sea = a   
few days ) ! admiral1 & returns )       
dispat*es to ! k+4 ,i bless ,god1 he    
writes1 my he>t does n 9 any way fail1 b
 firmly believe t if ,god has call$ y   
out to battle1 he w cov] y\r head 9 t   
smoky day4 ,he ha/5$ on 8 err&1 he says1

 to ,:itehall1 & arriv$ be=e ! k+ 0 up2 
b 8 ,maje/y1 le>n+ t !re 0 news1 e>ne/ly
 skipp+ out ( b$1 came only 9 8 g[n &   
slipp]s2 :o1 :5 he saw me1 said1 ',oh6  
is't y8 ,h[ is ,sir ,william8'  ,t 0 9  
,may4 ,)9 a week ! plague came4 ,on !   
#g? ( ,june1 #affe1 ,mr4 ,pepys makes   
?is om9\s entry3 ,?is day1 he says1 mu* 
aga9/ my w1 ,i did 9 ,drury ,lane see   
two or ?ree h\ses m>k$ ) a r$ cross ^u !
 doors1 & ',"l1 h m]cy1' writt5 !re2 :i*
 0 a sad sight to me1 be+ ! fir/ ( ! k9d
 t1 to my remembrance1 ,i ev] saw4 ,day 
by day ! pe/il5ce increas$1 & pres5tly  
!re 0 no m /udy+ at ,l9coln's ,inn4 ,"y 
,p5n w5t = safety into ! clean c\ntry4  
,!re1 among ! gre5 fields1 9 ! en=c$    
leisure1 ) "t to ?9k1 & ! mo/ sob]+ ?+s 
to ?9k ab\t1 8 old s]i\sness return$4 ,!
 *ange 0 s m>k$ t 8 fa!r1 feel+ t x 7   
well to r5ew ! pleasant fri5d%ip ) ! _w 
:i* _h begun 9 ,france1 s5t him ov] to  
,irel&4  ,at ,dubl91 ! ,duke ( ,ormond1 
! ,"l ,lieut5ant1 0 keep+ a m]ry c\rt4  
,william ent]$ he>tily into its         

pleasures4 ,he resid$ ^u 8 fa!r's       
e/ates1 at ,%annag>ry ,ca/le4 ,he s     
di/+ui%$ himself 9 ! suppression ( a    
mut9y t ,ormond (f]$ him a commission 9 
! army1 & ,william 0 dispos$ to accept  
x4 ,he _h 8 portrait pa9t$1 clad 9 /eel1
 ) lace at 8 ?roat4 ,8 d>k hair is p>t$ 
9 ! middle1 & hangs 9 cavali] fa%ion ov]
 8 %\ld]s4 ,he looks out ( l>ge1 cle>1  
que/ion+ eyes2 & 8 h&some face is /rong 
& s]i\s4  ,b ! "y cavali] w5t "o day to 
,cork ^u "s bus9ess1 & !re he>d t ,?omas
 ,loe 0 9 t[n1 & t he 0 to prea*4 ,p5n  
w5t to he> him1 & aga9 ! spok5 ^w 0     
critical & decisive4 ,!re is a fai?1    
said ! prea*]1 :i* ov]comes ! _w1 & !re 
is a fai? :i* is ov]come by ! _w4 ,su* 0
 ! !me1 & x seem$ to ,p5n z if e ^w 7   
spok5 out ( heav5 /raight to 8 own s\l4 
,9 ! long cont5tion :i* _h be5 go+ on )9
 him betwe5 ! _w & ! o!r _w1 ! _w _h be5
 gett+ ! ma/]y4 ,! attractions ( a      
m>tial life _h %one m brightly ?an !    
light :i* _h flam$ ab\t him 9 8 boyhood4
 ,!n ,loe spoke1 & !nce=? !re 0 no m    

p]plexity4 ,p5n's *oice 0 def9itely     
made4  ,9 8 acc\nt ( 8 travels 9 ,holl& 
& ,g]many1 writt5 "s t5 ye>s aft] ?is   
crisis1 ,p5n recurs to x 9 an address f 
:i* ,i h already quot$4 ,he 0 speak+ 9  
,wiem>t1 at a meet+ 9 ! mansion-h\se ( !
 ,som]dykes1 & 0 illu/rat+ 8            
exhortations f 8 own exp]i5ce4 ,he pass$
 9 rapid review ! incid5ts ( 8 e>ly life
 :i* we h rec\nt$4 ,"h ,i began to let  
!m "k1 he says1 h[ & :]e ! ,"l fir/     
appe>$ unto me1 :i* 0 ab\t ! twelf? ye> 
( my age1 9 #afef2 h[ at times1 betwixt 
t & ! fifte5?1 ! ,"l visit$ me1 & !     
div9e impressions he gave me ( himself4 
,!n ! bani%m5t f ,ox=d1 & 8 fa!r's turn+
 him out ( doors4 ,( ! ,"l's deal+s ) me
 9 ,france1 & 9 ! "t ( ! great plague 9 
,london1 9 f9e1 ! deep s5se he gave me (
 ! vanity ( ?is _w1 ( ! deep            
irreligi\sness ( ! religions ( x2 !n (  
my m\rnful & bitt] cries to him t he    
w\ld %[ me 8 own way ( life & salvation1
 & my resolution to foll[ him1 :atev]   
reproa*es or suff]+s %\ld att5d me1 & t 

) great rev]5ce & t5d]ness ( _s2 h[1    
aft] all ?is1 ! glory ( ! _w ov]took me1
 & ,i 0 ev5 ready to give myself up unto
 x1 see+ z yet no su* ?+ z ! 'primitive 
_s & *ur*' ^u e>?1 & be+ ready to fa9t  
conc]n+ my 'hope ( ! re/itution ( all   
?+s4' ,x 0 at ?is "t t ! ,"l visit$ me )
 a c]ta9 s\nd & te/imony ( 8 et]nal ^w1 
?r\gh "o ( !m ! _w calls ,quak]s1       
namely1 ,?omas ,loe4  ,/ruggl+1 z ,p5n  
01 aga9/ cont9ual temptations to ab&on 8
 high ideal1 gett+ no help f 8 p>5ts1 :o
 7 displeas$ at him1 nor f ! cl]gy1 ^:  
invectiv5ess & cruelty he rememb]s1 nor 
f 8 companions1 :o made !mselves /range 
to him2 be>+ mean:ile t great cross (   
resi/+ & wat*+ aga9/ m9e own inw>d va9  
affections & ?\ghts1 ! only voice ( help
 & /r5g? 0 t ( ,?omas ,loe4 ,seek+ = !  
primitive _s & *ur* ^u e>?1 he f\nd x 9 
! sect :i* ,loe repres5t$4 ,8 m9d 0 n[  
resolv$4 ,he1 too1 w\ld be a ,quak]4    
,,iv  ,,p5n ,,becomes ,a ,,quak]3       
,,p]secution ,,& ,,controv]sy   ,william
 n[ began to att5d ,quak] meet+s1 ?\gh  

he 0 /ill dress$ 9 ! gay fa%ions :i* he 
_h le>n$ 9 ,france4 ,8 s9c]ity 0 soon   
te/$4 ,a proclamation made aga9/ ,fif?  
,mon>*y m5 0 s en=c$ z to affect        
,quak]s4 ,a meet+ at :i* ,p5n 0 pres5t 0
 brok5 9 ^u by con/ables1 back$ )       
soldi]s1 :o rudely & arbitr>ily requir$ 
e man's appe>ance be=e ! mayor4 ,among  
o!rs1 !y viol5tly hal$ ,p5n4 ,f jail he 
wrote to ! ,e>l ( ,orr]y1 ,"l ,presid5t 
( ,mun/]1 mak+ a /\t prote/4 ,x 0 8 fir/
 public utt]ance4 ,div]sities ( fai? &  
conduct1 he argu$1 contribute n to !    
di/urbance ( any place1 :]e moral       
con=mity is b>ely requisite to pres]ve !
 peace4 ,he rem9d$ 8 lord%ip t he       
himself _h n long s9ce conclud$ no way s
 effectual to improve or advantage ?is  
c\ntry z to disp5se ) fre$om i4 e4 to   
act freely 9 all ?+s p]ta9+ to          
consci5ce4  ,p5n wrote s mu* dur+ 8 long
 life t 8 select$ works make five l>ge  
volumes4 ,_m ( ^! pages are devot$ to ! 
/atem5t ( ,quak] !ology2 "s are occupi$ 
) descriptions ( 8 colonial possessions2

 "s are giv5 to c\nsels & conclusions   
drawn f exp]i5ce & deal+ ) human life 9 
g5]al2 b !re is "o idea :i* cont9ually  
recurs1--sometimes made ! subject ( a   
!sis1 sometimes ent]+ by ! way1--& t is 
! popul> "r ( lib]ty ( consci5ce4 ,x 0 =
 ?is t he work$1 & *iefly liv$1 mo/ ( 8 
life4 ,"h x is set =? ) all cle>ness 9 !
 fir/ public ^w :i* he wrote4           
,william's lett] op5$ ! jail doors4 ,x  
is likely1 h[ev]1 t ! signature 0 m     
influ5tial ?an ! epi/le2 = 8 ,quak]     
associates seem n to h come out ) him4  
,! fact :i* probably weigh$ mo/ ) ! ,"l 
,presid5t 0 t ,p5n 0 ! son ( 8 fa!r !   
admiral1 & ! protg ( ,ormond4 ,8 fa!r   
call$ him home4 ,x 0 on ! #c;d (        
,septemb] t ,william 0 arre/$2 on ! #bi?
 ( ,decemb]1 be+ ! ,"l's day1 ,mrs4     
,turn] calls ^u ,mr4 & ,mrs4 ,pepys = an
 ev5+ ( *e]ful conv]sation1 & !re1 among
 o!r talk1 %e tells me t ,mr4 ,william  
,p51 :o has lately come ov] f ,irel&1 is
 a ,quak] aga91 or "s v melan*oly ?+2 t 
he c>es = no company1 nor comes into    

any4  ,admiral ,p5n 0 sorely disappo9t$4
 ,nei!r ,france nor ,irel& _h avail$ to 
wean 8 son f 8 religi\s ecc5tricities4  
,into ! pleasant society :]e 8 fa!r _h  
hop$ to see him %9e1 he decl9$ to ent]4 
,he said !e & ?\1 & wore 8 hat4         
,especially ^u ^! po9ts ( mann]s1 ! "y  
man & 8 fa!r held long discussions4 ,!  
admiral insi/$ t ,william %\ld refra9 f 
mak+ himself socially ridicul\s2 ?\gh   
ev5 "h he 0 will+ to make a reasonable  
compromise4 ,y may '!e' & '?\' :om y    
please1 he said1 except ! k+1 ! ,duke ( 
,york1 & myself4 ,b ! "y conv]t decl9$  
to make any exceptions4  ,!reupon1 = !  
second "t1 ! admiral ?ru/ 8 son out ( ! 
h\se4 ,! ,quak]s receiv$ him4 ,he 0     
!nce=? acc\nt$ among !m z a tea*]1 a    
lead]3 9 _! phrase1 a public ,fri5d4    
,?is 0 9 #affh1 :5 he 0 tw5ty-f\r ye>s  
old4  ,! "w ( a ,quak] m9i/]1 at t "t1 0
 made int]e/+ & difficult n only by !   
social & ecclesia/ical prejudices aga9/ 
:i* he mu/ g1 b by c]ta9 laws :i* limit$
 free spee* & free action4 ,! "y prea*] 

spe$ily made himself obnoxi\s to bo? ^! 
k9ds ( laws4 ,( ! ?ree ye>s :i* foll[$1 
he sp5t m ?an a ?ird ( ! "t 9 prison1   
be+ once conf9$ = say+1 & twice = do+1  
:at ! laws =bade4  ,! religi\s _w 0     
fill$ ) controv]sy4 ,!re 7 discussions 9
 ! meet+-h\ses2 & a con/ant /ream (     
pamphlets came f ! press1 "p argum5t &  
"p abuse4 ,ev5 mild-mann]$ m5 call$ ea* 
o!r names4 ,! ,quak]s f\nd x necess>y to
 jo9 9 ?is r\gh give-&-take1 & ,p5n     
ent]$ at once into ?is vigor\s ex]cise4 
,he began a long s]ies ( l docum5ts ) a 
tract entitl$ ,tru? ,exalt$4 ,! int5t ( 
x 0 to %[ t ,roman ,ca?olics1 ,*ur*m51 &
 ,puritans alike 7 all %amefully 9      
error1 w&]+ 9 ! blackness ( d>kness1    
giv5 ov] to idle sup]/ition1 & be+ ( a  
"* to correspond ) _! fond beliefs2     
mean:ile1 ! ,quak]s 7 ! only p !n       
resid5t 9 ,*ri/5dom ^: cre$ 0 absolutely
 true & _! lives consi/5t ) x4  ,come1  
he says1 answ] me fir/1 y ,papi/s1 :]e  
did ! ,scriptures enjo9 baby-baptism1   
*ur*+ ( wom51 m>ry+ by prie/s1 holy wat]

 to fright5 ! devil8 ,come n[1 y t are  
call$ ,prote/ants1 & fir/ ^? :o are     
call$ ,episcopalians1 :]e d !           
,scriptures own su* p]secutors1 false   
prophets1 ti!mong]s1 d5i]s (            
revelations1 oppos]s ( p]fection1       
m5-pleas]s1 "t-s]v]s1 unpr(itable       
tea*]s8 ,! ,sep>ati/s are simil>ly      
cudgel$3 !y are grovel+ 9 begg>ly       
elem5ts1 imitations1 & %ad[s ( heav5ly  
?+s4  ,pres5tly1 a ,presbyt]ian m9i/]   
nam$ ,v9c5t attack$ ,quak]ism4 ,joseph  
,besse1 ,p5n's e>lie/ biograph]1 says t 
,v9c5t 0 transport$ ) fi]y zeal2 :i*1 z 
he rem>ks 9 p>5!sis1 is a ?+ f]tile (   
ill language4 ,p5n *all5g$ him to a     
public debate2 &1 ?is n giv+ ! ,quak]   
*ampion an opportunity to say all t 0 9 
8 m9d1 he wrote a pamphlet1 call$ ,!    
,s&y ,f\ndation ,%ak54 ,! full title 0  
mu* long] ?an ?is1 9 ! mann] ( ! "t1 &  
ann\nc$ ! au?or's purpose to refute ?ree
 g5]ally believ$ & applaud$ doctr9es3   
fir/1 ( "o ,god1 subsi/+ 9 ?ree di/9ct &
 sep>ate p]sons2 second1 ( !            

impossibility ( div9e p>don )\t ! mak+ (
 a complete satisfaction2 & ?ird1 ( !   
ju/ification ( impure p]sons by an      
imput$ righte\sness4  ,p5n's h&l+ ( !   
doctr9e ( ! ,tr9ity 9 ?is treatise gave 
mu* (f5se4 ,he _h tak5 ! position ( 8   
fell[-religioni/s1 t ! le>n+ ( ! s*ools 
0 a h9drance to religion4 ,he s\ght to  
dive/ ! great /atem5ts ( ! cre$ f !     
subtleties ( m$ival philosophy4 ,he     
purpos$ to return to ! ,scripture       
itself1 back ( all c\ncils & =mulas4    
,ass]t+1 accord+ly1 ! be+ & unity (     
,fa!r1 ,son1 & ,holy ,gho/1 he s refus$ 
all ! conv5tional phrases ( ! !ologians 
z to seem to !m to reject ! doctr9e ( ! 
,tr9ity itself4 ,he did d5y ! tr9ity (  
di/9ct & sep>ate p]sons 9 ! unity (     
ess5ce4 ,if ! ^w p]son has "o mean+1    
,p5n 0 "r2 if x has ano!r mean+1 he 0   
wrong4 ,if a p]son is an individual1 !n 
! ass]tion is t !re are ?ree ,gods2 b if
 ! ^w signifies a di/9ction 9 ! div9e   
nature1 !n ! unity ( ,god rema9s4 ,z s  
(t5 happ5s 9 doctr9al cont5tion1 he & 8 

critics us$ ! same words ) diff]5t      
def9itions4 ,! consequ5ce 0 t ! bi%op ( 
,london _h him put 9 prison4 ,he 0      
re/ra9$ = sev5 mon?s 9 ! ,t[]4  ,!      
,engli% prison ( ! sev5te5? c5tury 0 a  
place ( disease ( body & mis]y ( m9d4   
,p5n 0 kept 9 close conf9em5t1 & ! bi%op
 s5t him ^w t he mu/ ei!r recant or die 
a prison]4 ,i told him1 says ,p5n1 t !  
,t[] 0 ! wor/ argum5t 9 ! _w to conv9ce 
me2 = :oev] 0 9 ! wrong1 ^? :o us$ =ce =
 religion c\ld nev] be 9 ! "r4 ,he      
decl>$ t 8 prison %\ld be 8 grave be=e  
he w\ld budge a jot4 ,?us six mon?s     
pass$4  ,b ! situation 0 intol]able4 ,x 
is sometimes necess>y to die = a        
diff]5ce ( op9ion1 b x is n advisable to
 d s = a simple misund]/&+4 ,p5n & !    
bi%op 7 actually 9 accord4 ,! "y au?or  
!re=e wrote an explanation ( 8 book1    
entitl$ ,innoc5cy ) h] ,op5 ,face4 ,at !
 same "t he address$ a lett] to ,"l     
,arl+ton1 pr9cipal secret>y ( /ate4 ,9 !
 lett] he ma9ta9$ t he _h subv]t$ no    
fai?1 ob$i5ce or good life1 & he insi/$ 

on ! natural "r ( lib]ty ( consci5ce3   
,to conceit1 he said1 t m5 mu/ =m _!    
fai? ( ?+s prop] to ano!r _w by !       
prescriptions ( mortal m51 or else !y c 
h no "r to eat1 dr9k1 sleep1 walk1      
trade1 or be at lib]ty & live 9 ?is1 to 
me seems bo? ridicul\s & dang]\s4 ,^!   
writ+s ga9$ him 8 lib]ty4 ,! ,duke (    
,york made int]cession = him ) ! k+4    
,p5n _h occupi$ himself :ile 9 prison ) 
! composition ( a consid]able "w1 call$ 
,no ,cross1 ,no ,cr[n4 ,x is p>tly      
controv]sial1 sett+ =? ! reasons = !    
,quak] fai? & practice1 & p>tly         
devotional1 exalt+ self-sacrifice1 &    
urg+ m5 to simpl] & m spiritual liv+4   
,?us ! mon?s ( 8 imprisonm5t _h be5 (   
value bo? to him & to ! religi\s movem5t
 ) :i* he _h id5tifi$ himself4 ,!       
,quak]s1 :5 ,p5n jo9$ !m1 _h no adequate
 lit]>y expression ( _! ?\ght4 ,!y 7 mo/
 ( !m int5sely e>ne/ b un$ucat$ p]sons1 
:o spoke great tru?s some:at incoh]5tly4
 ,p5n gave ,quak] !ology a sy/ematic &  
dignifi$ /atem5t4  ,:5 he came out ( !  

,t[]1 he w5t home to 8 fa!r4 ,! admiral 
_h n[ recov]$ f 8 fir/ indignation4     
,william 0 /ill1 he said1 a cross to    
him1 b he _h made up 8 m9d to endure x4 
,inde$1 ! _w into :i* he _h desir$ 8 son
 to ent] 0 n at t mom5t treat+ ! admiral
 well4 ,he 0 suff]+ impea*m5t & ! g\t at
 ! same "t4 ,he saw t ,william's        
religion 0 giv+ him a s]5ity 9 ! mid/ ( 
evil =tune :i* he himself did n possess4
 ,he c\ld appreciate 8 h]oic _s4 ,he    
admir$ him 9 spite ( himself4  ,william 
!n sp5t ne>ly a ye> 9 ,irel&1 adm9i/]+ 8
 fa!r's e/ates4 ,:5 he return$1 9 #afgj1
 he f\nd 8 ,quak] bre?r5 9 great] tr\ble
 ?an be=e4 ,9 t p]il\s season ( plots & 
rumors ( plots1 :5 ,prote/ants liv$ 9   
dread ( ,roman ,ca?olics1 & ,*ur*m5 knew
 n at :at mom5t ! ,puritans might aga9  
repeat ! trag$ies ( ! ,commonweal?1     
nei!r *ur* nor /ate d>$ to take risks4  
,! reigns ( ,m>y & ( ,cromwell 7 s rec5t
 an exp]i5ce1 ! ,papi/s & !             
,presbyt]ians 7 s _m & s ho/ile1 t x    
seem$ unsafe to p]mit ! assembl+ (      

p]sons conc]n+ ^: int5tions !re c\ld be 
any d\bt4 ,any company might und]take a 
conspiracy4 ,! result ( ?is feel+ on !  
"p ( bo? ! civil & ! ecclesia/ical      
au?orities 0 a s]ies ( ord9ances1       
reasonable en\gh "u ! circum/ances1 &   
p]haps necess>y1 b :i* made life h>d =  
su* /\t & frank diss5t]s z ! ,quak]s4   
,at ! "t ( ,p5n's return f ,irel&1 x _h 
be5 det]m9$ to en=ce ! ,conv5ticle ,act1
 :i* prohibit$ all religi\s meet+s      
except ^? ( ! ,*ur* ( ,engl&4 ,!re 01   
!re=e1 a g5]al arre/+ ( ^! suspici\s    
fri5ds ( ,p5n's4 ,9 ! middle ( ! summ]  
,p5n himself 0 arre/$4  ,! "y prea*] _h 
gone to a meet+-h\se ( ! ,quak]s 9      
,grace*ur* or ,graci\s ,/reet1 9        
,london1 & _h f\nd ! door %ut1 & a file 
( soldi]s b>r+ ! way4 ,! congregation   
!reupon held a meet+ 9 ! /reet1 keep+ _!
 cu/om>y sil5ce until "s "o %\ld be mov$
 to speak4 ,x 0 n long be=e ! _s mov$   
,p5n4 ,he 0 imm$iately arre/$1 &        
,william ,mead1 a l95 drap]1 ) him1 & ! 
two 7 br\ght be=e ! mayor4 ,! *>ge 0 t  

!y unlawfully & tumultu\sly did assemble
 & congregate !mselves toge!r to !      
di/urbance ( ! k+'s peace & to ! great  
t]ror & di/urbance ( _m ( 8 liege p &   
subjects4 ,!y 7 committ$ z riot]s & s5t 
to await trial at ! sign ( ! ,black     
,dog1 9 ,newgate ,m>ket4  ,at ! trial   
,p5n ent]$ ! c\rt-room we>+ 8 hat4 ,a   
con/able promptly pull$ x (f1 & 0 ord]$ 
by ! judge to replace x 9 ord] t he     
might f9e ! ,quak] =ty m>ks = keep+ x   
on4 ,?us ! proce$+s appropriately began4
 ,william tri$ 9 va9 to le>n ! t]ms ( ! 
law "u :i* he 0 arre/$1 ma9ta9+ t he 0  
innoc5t ( any illegal act4 ,f9ally1 aft]
 an absurd & unju/ he>+1 ! jury1 :o     
appreciat$ ! situation1 br\ght 9 a      
v]dict ( guilty ( speak+ 9 ,graci\s     
,/reet4 ,! judges refus$ to accept !    
v]dict1 & kept ! jury )\t food or dr9k =
 two days1 try+ to make !m say1 guilty (
 speak+ 9 ,graci\s ,/reet to an unlawful
 assembly4 ,at la/ ! jury br\ght 9 a    
=mal v]dict ( n guilty1 :i* ! c\rt 0    
compell$ to accept4 ,!reupon ! judges   

f9$ e juryman =ty m>ks = contempt (     
c\rt2 & ,p5n & ! jurors1 refus+ to pay  
_! f9es1 7 all imprison$ 9 ,newgate4 ,! 
,c\rt ( ,common ,pleas pres5tly rev]s$ !
 judges' decision & releas$ ! jury4 ,p5n
 0 also releas$1 aga9/ 8 own prote/1 by 
! paym5t ( 8 f9e by 8 fa!r4  ,! admiral 
0 9 8 la/ sickness4 ,he 0 we>y1 he said1
 ( ! _w4 ,x _h n prov$1 aft] all1 to be 
a satisfactory _w4 ,he did n grieve n[ t
 8 son _h r5\nc$ x4 ,at ! same "t1 he   
c\ld n help b feel t ! fri5d%ip ( ! _w 0
 a valuable possession2 & he _h !re=e   
reque/$ 8 patron1 ! ,duke ( ,york1 to be
 8 son's fri5d4 ,bo? ! duke & ! k+ _h   
promis$ _! good c\nsel & protection4    
,?us ) a g5tle & ev5 gale1 z x says on 8
 tomb/one1 9 mu* peace1 he arriv$ &     
an*or$ 9 8 la/ & be/ port1 at ,wan/ead 9
 ! c\nty ( ,essex1 ! #af? ( ,septemb]1  
#afgj1 be+ !n b =ty-n9e ye>s & f\r mon?s
 old4  ,! admiral's dea? left 8 son ) an
 annual income ( ab\t fifte5 hundr$     
p\nds4 ,?is weal?1 h[ev]1 made no /ay 9 
8 ,quak] zeal4 ,be=e ! ye> 0 end$1 he 0 

aga9 9 prison4  ,sir ,john ,rob9son1 !  
lieut5ant ( ! ,t[]1 _h be5 "o ( ! judges
 9 ! affair ( ,graci\s ,/reet4 ,he _h   
ei!r tak5 a dislike to ,p5n1 or else 0  
deeply impress$ ) ! conviction t ! "y   
,quak] 0 a p]il to ! /ate4 ,f9d+ t !re 0
 to be a meet+ 9 ,:eel] ,/reet1 at :i*  
,william 0 expect$1 he s5t soldi]s & _h 
him arre/$4 ,!y convey$ him to ! ,t[]1  
:]e he 0 exam9$4 ,i v[1 ,mr4 ,p5n1 said 
,sir ,john1 ,i am sorry = y2 y are an   
+5i\s g5tleman1 all ! _w mu/ all[ y1 & d
 all[ y1 t2 & y h a pl5tiful e/ate2 :y  
%\ld y r5d] y\rself unhappy by associat+
 ) su* a simple p8 ,t 0 ! suspici\s     
fact4 ,m5 9 ,rob9son's position c\ld n  
und]/& :y ,p5n %\ld jo9 8 =tunes ) ^? ( 
p s diff]5t f himself1 poor1 ignorant1 &
 obscure1 unless !re 7 "s hidd5 motive4 
,he mu/ be ei!r a political conspirator1
 or1 z _m said1 a ,jesuit 9 disguise1   
:i* am\nt$ to ! same ?+4 ,y d no?+1 said
 ,sir ,john1 b /ir up ! p to s$ition4   
,he requir$ him to take an oa? t x is n 
lawful1 ^u any pret5se :atsoev]1 to take

 arms aga9/ ! k+1 & t he w\ld n endeav\r
 any alt]ation ( gov]nm5t ei!r 9 *ur* or
 /ate4 ,p5n w\ld n swe>4 ,he 0 !re=e    
s5t5c$ = six mon?s to ,newgate4 ,i wi% y
 wis]1 said ,rob9son4 ,& ,i wi% !e      
bett]1 retort$ ,p5n4 ,s5d a corporal1   
said ! lieut5ant1 ) a file ( musquete]s 
along ) him4 ,no1 no1 broke 9 ,p5n1 s5d 
?y lacquey2 ,i "k ! way to ,newgate4    
,william cont9u$ 9 prison dur+ ! entire 
p]iod ( 8 s5t5ce1 at fir/ 9 a room = :i*
 he paid ! jail]s1 !n1 by 8 own *oice1 )
 8 fell[ ,quak]s 9 ! common /9k+ jail4  
,ev5 "h1 h[ev]1 he manag$1 z be=e1 to   
write2 & he mu/ h _h access to books1 = 
:at he wrote c\ld n h be5 compos$ )\t   
sight ( ! au?ors f :om he quot$4 ,! mo/ 
important ( 8 writ+s at ?is "t 0 ,!     
,great ,case ( ,lib]ty ( ,consci5ce once
 m briefly ,debat$ & ,def5d$ by !       
,au?ority ( ,reason1 ,scripture &       
,antiquity4  ,be+ releas$ f prison1 ,p5n
 set out = ! ,cont95t1 :]e he travel$ 9 
,g]many & ,holl&1 hold+ meet+s z        
opportunity (f]$1 & rega9+ su* /r5g? (  

body z he may h lo/ amid/ ! rigors (    
conf9em5t4  ,9 #afgb1 be+ n[ back 9     
,engl&1 & hav+ rea*$ ! age ( tw5ty-sev5 
ye>s1 he m>ri$ ,gulielma ,m>ia ,spr+ett1
 a "y & *>m+ ,quak]ess4 ,guli ,spr+ett's
 fa!r _h di$ :5 %e 0 b tw5ty-?ree ye>s  
old1 aft] su* valiant s]vice on !       
,p>liam5t>y side 9 ! civil w> t he _h   
be5 knight$ by ! ,speak] ( ! ,h\se (    
,commons4 ,h] "m1 ?us b]eft1 _h m>ri$   
,isaac ,p5n+ton1 a quiet c\ntry         
g5tleman1 9 ^: company1 aft] "s se>* =  
satisfaction 9 religion1 %e _h become a 
,quak]4 ,p5n+ton's ,quak]ism1 toge!r ) !
 suff]+s :i* x br\ght ^u him1 _h made   
him kn[n to ,p5n4 ,x 0 to him t ,p5n _h 
writt51 ?ree ye>s be=e1 to describe !   
dea? ( ,?omas ,loe4 ,tak+ me by ! h&1   
said ,william1 he spoke ?us3 ',de> he>t1
 be> ?y cross1 /& fai?ful = ,god1 & be> 
?y te/imony 9 ?y day & g5]ation2 & ,god 
w give !e an et]nal cr[n ( glory1 t none
 %all ev] take f !e4 ,!re is n ano!r    
way4 ,be> ?y cross4 ,/& fai?ful = ,god4'
  ,x 0 9 ,p5n+ton's h\se t ,?omas       

,ellwood liv$1 z tutor to ,guli & ! o!r 
*ildr51 to :om "o day 9 #afee _h come 8 
fri5d ,john ,milton1 br++ a manuscript =
 him to read4 ,he ask$ me h[ ,i lik$ x1 
& :at ,i ?\ght ( x1 :i* ,i mode/ly b    
freely told him2 & aft] "s fur!r        
disc\rse ab\t x1 ,i pleasantly said to  
him1 ,?\ ha/ said mu* "h ( ,p>adise     
,lo/1 b :at ha/ ?\ to say ab\t ,p>adise 
f\nd8 ,:]eupon ! poet wrote 8 second    
epic4  ,ellwood has left a happy        
description ( ,guli ,spr+ett4 ,%e 0 9   
all respects1 he says1 a v desirable    
woman1--:e!r reg>d 0 _h to h] outw>d    
p]son1 :i* want$ no?+ to r5d] h]        
completely comely2 or z to ! end[m5ts ( 
h] m9d1 :i* 7 e way extraord9>y4 ,& he  
speaks ( h] innoc5t1 op51 free          
conv]sation1 & ( ! abundant affability1 
c\rtesy1 & sweetness ( h] natural temp]4
 ,h] portrait fits ) ?is description1   
%[+ a bright face 9 a small1 d>k hood1 )
 a :ite k]*ief ov] h] %\ld]s4 ,bo? h]   
ance/ry & h] bre$+ w\ld dispose h] to   
appreciate h]oism1 especially su* z 0   

%[n 9 ! cause ( religion4 ,%e f\nd ! h]o
 ( h] dreams 9 ,william ,p5n4 ,?us at   
,am]%am1 9 ! spr+ ( #afgb1 ! two /ood up
 9 "s quiet company ( ,fri5ds1 & ) pray]
 & jo9+ ( h&s 7 unit$ 9 m>riage4  ,my   
de> wife1 he wrote to h] t5 ye>s lat]1 z
 he set out = ,am]ica1 rememb] ?\ ha/ ! 
love ( my y\?1 & mu* ! joy ( my life2 ! 
mo/ belov$1 z well z ! mo/ wor?y ( all  
e>?ly com=ts4 ,god kn[s1 & ?\ kn[e/ x4  
,i c say x 0 a mat* ( ,provid5ce's mak+4
  ,! ,decl>ation ( ,indulg5ce1 ! k+'s   
susp5sion ( ! p5alties legally incurr$  
by diss5t1 came conv5i5tly at ?is "t to 
give !m a honeymoon ( peace &           
tranquillity4 ,!y took up _! resid5ce at
 ,rickmanswor?1 9 ,h]t=d%ire4 ,9 !      
autumn1 ,william set out aga9 ^u 8      
mission>y j\rneys1 prea*+ 9 tw5ty-"o    
t[ns 9 tw5ty-"o days4 ,! ,"l seal$ up   
our labors & travels1 he wrote 9 8      
j\rnal1 accord+ to ! desire ( my s\l &  
_s1 ) 8 heav5ly refre%m5ts & sweet liv+ 
p[] & ^w ( life1 unto ! rea*+ ( all1 &  
consolat+ our own he>ts abundantly4  ,s 

he return$ ) ! bless+s ( peace1 :i*1 z  
he said1 is a rew>d beyond all e>?ly    
treasure4     ,v  ,,! ,,beg9n+ ,,(      
,,p5n',s ,,political ,,life3 ,,! ,,holy 
,,exp]im5t   ,9 #afgc1 ,george ,fox came
 back f 8 travels 9 ,am]ica1 & ,p5n & 8 
wife _h great joy 9 welcom+ him at      
,bri/ol4 ,no soon]1 h[ev]1 _h ,fox      
arriv$ ?an ! ,decl>ation ( ,indulg5ce 0 
)drawn4 ,x _h met ) mu* opposition3     
p>tly ecclesia/ical1 f ^? :o saw 9 x a  
s*eme to re/abli% relations betwe5 ,rome
 & ,engl&2 & p>tly political1 f ^? :o   
f\nd b an ill prec$5t 9 a royal decree  
:i* set aside p>liam5t>y legislation4 ,!
 religi\s lib]ty :i* x gave 0 good1 b ! 
way 9 :i* t lib]ty 0 giv5 0 bad4 ,:at 0 
ne$$ 0 n indulg5ce1 b common ju/ice4 ,s 
! k+ recall$ ! ,decl>ation1 & ,p>liam5t 
be+ n yet ready to enact its provisions 
into law1 ! prisons 7 aga9 fill$ )      
peaceable citiz5s ^: (f5se 0 _!         
religion4 ,"o ( ! fir/ to suff] 0 ,fox1 
& 9 8 behalf ,p5n w5t to c\rt4 ,he      
appeal$ to ! ,duke ( ,york4  ,! incid5t 

is significant z ! beg9n+ ( ano!r phase 
( ,william's life4 ,?us f>1 he _h be5 a 
,quak] prea*]4 ,?\gh he 0 unorda9$1 be+ 
9 a sect :i* made no?+ ( ord9ation1 he 0
 = all practical purposes a m9i/] ( !   
gospel4 ,he 0 ! ,rev4 ,william ,p5n4 ,b 
n[1 :5 he op5$ ! door ( ! duke's palace1
 he ent]$ into a new way ( liv+1 9 :i*  
he cont9u$ dur+ mo/ ( ! rema9d] ( 8     
life4 ,he began to be a c\rti]2 he w5t  
into politics4 ,he 0 /ill a ,quak]1     
prea*+ s]mons & writ+ books ( !ological 
controv]sy2 he gave up no religi\s      
conviction1 & abat$ no?+ ( ! e>ne/ness (
 8 p]sonal piety2 b he _h f\nd1 z he    
believ$1 ano!r & m effective way to s]ve
 ,god4 ,he n[ began to ent] into t      
valuable b p]il\s h]itage :i* _h be5    
left him by 8 fa!r1 ! fri5d%ip (        
royalty4  ,p5n f\nd ! duke's ante*amb]  
fill$ ) suitors4 ,x seem$ impossible to 
get into ! augu/ pres5ce4 ,b ,colonel   
,a%ton1 "o ( ! h\sehold1 look$ h>d at   
,p5n1 & f\nd 9 him an old companion1 a  
fri5d ( ! days :5 ,william 0 /ill p>tak+

 ( ! joys ( pleasant society4 ,a%ton    
imm$iately got him an int]view1 & ,p5n  
deliv]$ 8 reque/ = ! release ( ,fox4 ,! 
duke receiv$ him & 8 petition cordially1
 pr(ess+ himself oppos$ to p]secution = 
religion's sake1 & promis+ to use 8     
influ5ce ) ! k+4 ,!n1 says ,p5n1 :5 he  
_h done ^u ?is affair1 he 0 pleas$ to   
take a v p>ticul> notice ( me1 bo? = !  
relation my fa!r _h _h to 8 s]vice 9 !  
navy1 & ! c>e he _h promis$ to %[ 9 my  
reg>d ^u all occasions4 ,he express$    
surprise t ,william _h n be5 to see him 
be=e1 & said t :5ev] he _h any bus9ess )
 him1 he %\ld h imm$iate entrance &     
att5tion4  ,fox 0 n set at lib]ty by    
reason ( ?is int]view4 ,! k+ 0 will+ to 
p>don ,fox1 b ,fox 0 n will+ to be      
p>don$2 hav+1 z he insi/$1 done no      
wrong4 ,p5n1 h[ev]1 _h le>n$ t ! royal  
duke rememb]$ ! admiral's son4 ,x 0 an  
important fact1 & ,william !reaft] kept 
x well 9 m9d4 ,t x 0 a turn+-po9t 9 8   
affairs1 appe>s 9 8 ref]5ce to x 9 a    
lett] :i* he wrote 9 #afhh to a fri5d :o

 _h reproa*$ him = 8 att5dance at c\rt4 
,i h made x1 he says1 my prov9ce &      
bus9ess2 ,i h foll[$ & press$ x2 ,i took
 x = my call+ & /ation1 & h kept x above
 ^! sixte5 ye>s4  ,p5n w5t back to      
,rickmanswor?1 & = a "t life w5t on z   
be=e4 ,we get a glimpse ( x 9 ! good &  
:olesome ord]s :i* he e/abli%$ = !      
well-gov]n+ ( 8 family4 ,9 w9t]1 !y 7 to
 rise at sev52 9 summ] at five4         
,breakfa/ 0 at n9e1 d9n] at twelve1     
supp] at sev54 ,ea* meal 0 prec$$ by    
family pray]s4 ,at ! devotions be=e     
d9n]1 ! ,bible 0 read al\d1 toge!r )    
*apt]s f ! ,book ( ,m>tyrs1 or ! writ+s 
( ,fri5ds4 ,aft] supp]1 ! s]vants appe>$
 be=e ! ma/] & mi/ress1 & gave an acc\nt
 ( _! do+s dur+ ! day1 & got _! ord]s = 
! morr[4 ,!y 7 to avoid l\d disc\rse &  
tr\blesome noises2 !y 7 n to abs5t      
!mselves )\t leave2 !y 7 n to g to any  
public h\se b ^u bus9ess2 & !y 7 n to   
loit]1 or ent] into unpr(itable talk1   
:ile on an err&4  ,) ! cancel+ ( !      
,indulg5ce1 ! p]secution ( ! ,quak]s 0  

r5ew$4 ,_! h\ses 7 ent]$1 _! furniture 0
 seiz$1 _! cattle 7 driv5 away1 &       
!mselves ?ru/ into jail4 ,:5 no (f5se 0 
cle>ly prov$ aga9/ !m1 ! oa? 0 t5d]$1 & 
! refusal to take x meant a s]i\s       
imprisonm5t4  ,"u ^! circum/ances1 ,p5n 
wrote a ,treatise on ,oa?s4 ,he also    
address$ ! g5]al public ) ,engl&'s      
,pres5t ,int]e/ ,consid]$1 an argum5t   
aga9/ ! attempt to compel uni=mity (    
belief4 ,he petition$ ! k+ & ,p>liam5t 9
 ,! ,cont9u$ ,cry ( ! ,oppress$4        
,william ,brazi]1 he said1 %oemak] at   
,cambridge1 0 f9$ by ,john ,hunt1 mayor1
 & ,john ,sp5s]1 vice-*ancellor1 tw5ty  
p\nds = hold+ a peaceable religi\s meet+
 9 8 own h\se4 ,! (fic] :o di/ra9$ = ?is
 sum took 8 lea!r la/1 ! seat he work$  
^u1 we>+ clo!s1 b$1 & b$d+4 ,9 ,*e%ire1 
,ju/ice ,daniel ( ,danesbury took f     
,briggs & o!rs ! value ( "o hundr$ &    
sixte5 p\nds1 fifte5 %ill+s & t5p5ce 9  
co91 k9e1 & horses4 ,! latt] he _h !    
audacity to reta9 & "w = 8 own use1 & s 
on1 in/ance aft] in/ance4 ,p5n's        

acqua9tance at c\rt & 8 fri5d%ips )     
p]sons ( position nev] made him an      
ari/ocrat4 ,he 0 frat]nally int]e/$ 9   
f>m]s & cobbl]s1 & c>$ = ! pla9 p4      
,quak]ism1 z he held x1 0 inde$ a sy/em 
( !ology :i* he /udi\sly taught1 b x 0  
also1 & q z mu*1 a social & intellectual
 democracy4 ,:at he mightily lik$ ab\t x
 0 t ab&onm5t ( artificial di/9ctions1  
:]eby all ,quak]s address$ _! neighbors 
by _! ,*ri/ian names1 & t refusal to be 
held by =mulas ( fai?1 :]eby !y 7 left  
free to accept su* beliefs1 & su* only1 
z appeal$ to _! own reason4  ,ab\t ?is  
"t he engag$ 9 controv]sy ) ,mr4 ,ri*>d 
,baxt]4 ,baxt] is *iefly rememb]$ z !   
au?or ( ,! ,sa9ts' ,ev]la/+ ,re/1 b he 0
 a mo/ militant p]son1 :o rejoic$       
greatly 9 a !ological fight4 ,pass+ by  
,rickmanswor?1 & f9d+ _m ,quak]s        
!re1--to him a sad spectacle1--he s\ght 
to reclaim !m1 & ?us fell spe$ily into  
debate ) ,p5n4 ,! two argu$ f t5 9 !    
morn+ until five 9 ! aft]noon1 a great  
cr[d li/5+ all ! "t ) brea?less int]e/4 

,nei!r c\ld get ! o!r to surr5d]2 b s   
mu* did ,william enjoy ! ex]cise t he   
(f]$ ,baxt] a room 9 8 h\se1 t !y might 
argue e day4  ,9 #afgg1 hav+ n[ remov$  
to an e/ate ( 8 wife's at ,worm+hur/1 9 
,sussex1 ,p5n1 9 company ) ,fox1        
,b>clay1 & o!r ,quak]s1 made a religi\s 
voyage into ,holl& & ,g]many1 prea*+ !  
gospel4 ,8 j\rnal ( ^! travels is pr9t$ 
9 8 works4 ,at ,osnaburg1 he writes1 we 
_h a little "t ) ! man ( ! inn :]e we   
lay2 & left him sev]al good books (     
,fri5ds1 9 ! ,high & ,l[ ,dut* tongues1 
to read & dispose (4 ,!n1 9 ! next      
s5t5ce1 he cont9ues1 ! next morn+1 be+ !
 fif? day ( ! week1 we set =w>d to      
,h]w]d51 & came ?i!r at night4 ,?is is !
 city :]e ! ,pr9cess ,elizabe? ,palat9e 
ha? h] c\rt1 :om1 & ! c\ntess 9 company 
) h]1 x 0 especially ^u u to visit4 ,?us
 !y w5t1 m9i/]+ to high & l[ alike1 9 _!
 democratic ,*ri/ian way mak+ no        
di/9ction betwe5 tav]n-keep]s &         
pr9cesses4 ,z !y talk$ ) ,elizabe? & h] 
fri5d ! c\ntess1 disc\rs+ ^u heav5ly    

!mes1 !y 7 int]rupt$ by ! rattl+ ( a    
coa*1 & call]s 7 ann\nc$4 ,! c\ntess    
fet*$ a deep sigh1 cry+ out1 ',o ! cumb]
 & entanglem5ts ( ?is va9 _w6 ,!y h9d]  
all good4' ,^u :i*1 says ,william1 ,i   
repli$1 look+ h] /eadfa/ly 9 ! face1 ',o
 come ?\ out ( !m1 !n4' ,?is j\rney 0 ( 
great importance z affect+ aft]w>ds !   
population ( ,p5nsylvania4 ,"h x 0 t    
,p5n met v>i\s communities ( a sep>at+ &
 seek+ turn ( m9d1 :o f\nd 9 him a k9dr$
 _s4 ,:5 he e/abli%$ 8 colony1 _m ( !m  
came out & jo9$ x1 becom+ ! ,p5nsylvania
 ,dut*4  ,dur+ ^! travels ,p5n wrote    
lett]s to ! ,pr9ce ,elector (           
,heidelb]g1 to ! ,graf ( ,bru* &        
,fals*5/e91 to ! ,k+ ( ,pol&1 toge!r )  
an epi/le ,to ! ,*ur*es ( ,jesus ?r\gh\t
 ! _w4 ,?is 0 a k9d ( correspond5ce 9   
:i* he delight$4 ,l ,wesley1 aft] him1  
he _h tak5 ! _w = 8 p>i%4 ,he consid]$  
himself a citiz5 ( ! planet1 & took an  
episcopal & pontifical int]e/ 9 !       
affairs ( m5 & nations4 ,he comb9$ 9 an 
unusual way ! qualities ( ! sa9t & !    

/atesman4 ,8 m9d 0 at ! same "t religi\s
 & political4 ,accord+ly1 z he came to h
 a bett] acqua9tance ) himself1 he ent]$
 delib]ately ^u a c\rse ( life 9 :i* ^! 
two elem5ts ( 8 "* c\ld h free play4 ,he
 appli$ himself to ! task ( mak+        
politics contribute to ! advancem5t (   
religion4 ,_m m5 be=e him _h be5 em95tly
 successful 9 mak+ politics contribute  
to ! advancem5t ( ! *ur*4 ,p5n's purpose
 0 deep] & bett]4  ,he came ne>1 at ?is 
"t1 to gett+ ,p>liam5t to ass5t to a    
provision p]mitt+ ,quak]s to affirm1 )\t
 oa?2 b ! sudd5 prorogu+ ( t body       
prev5t$ x4 ,9 ! g5]al election :i*      
foll[$1 he made spee*es = ,alg]non      
,sidney1 :o 0 /&+ = a place 9 ,p>liam5t4
 ,he wrote ,engl&'s ,great ,int]e/ 9 !  
,*oice ( a ,new ,p>liam5t1 & ,"o        
,project = ! ,good ( ,engl&4 ,! project 
0 t ,prote/ants %\ld /op cont5d+ "o )   
ano!r & unite aga9/ a common enemy4     
,?is 0 9 #afgi4 ,! next ye> he took !   
decisive /ep4 ,he ent]$ ^u ! fulfillm5t 
( t great plan1 :i* _h be5 9 8 m9d s9ce 

8 /ud5t days at ,ox=d1 & ) :i* he 0     
occupi$ all ! re/ ( 8 life4 ,he began to
 und]take ! plant+ ( a colony across !  
sea4  ,p5n _h already _h "s exp]i5ce 9  
colonial affairs4 ,) ! d[nfall ( ! ,dut*
 dom9ion 9 ! ,new ,_w1 ,engl& _h come   
into possession ( two important riv]s1 !
 ,hudson & ! ,delaw>e1 & ( ! c\ntries   
:i* !y dra9$4 ,( ^! e/ates1 ! ,duke (   
,york _h become own] ( ,new ,j]sey4 ,he1
 9 turn1 divid+ x into two portions1 we/
 & ea/1 _h sold ,we/ ,j]sey to ,"l      
,b]keley1 & ,ea/ ,j]sey to ,sir ,george 
,c>t]et4 ,b]keley _h sold ,we/ ,j]sey to
 a ,quak]1 ,john ,f5wick1 9 tru/ = ano!r
 ,quak]1 ,edw>d ,byll+e4 ,^! ,quak]s1   
disagree+1 _h ask$ ,p5n to arbitrate    
betwe5 !m4 ,byll+e _h fall5 into        
bankruptcy1 & 8 l&s _h be5 transf]r$ to 
,p5n z receiv] = ! b5efit ( ! cr$itors4 
,?us ,william _h come into a position ( 
importance 9 ! affairs ( ,we/ ,j]sey4   
,pres5tly1 9 #afgi1 ,ea/ ,j]sey came    
also into ! m>ket1 & ,p5n & elev5 o!rs  
b\ght x at auction4 ,^! twelve took 9   

o!r twelve1 & ! tw5ty-f\r appo9t$ a     
,quak] gov]nor1 ,rob]t ,b>clay4  ,n[1 9 
#afhj1 hav+ _h 8 e>ly int]e/ 9 ,am]ica  
?us r5ew$ & /r5g!n$1 ,p5n f\nd t ! k+ 0 
9 8 debt to ! am\nt ( sixte5 ?\s& p\nds4
 ,"p ( ?is money _h be5 loan$ to ! k+ by
 ,william's fa!r1 ! admiral2 "p ( x 0 ! 
admiral's unpaid sal>y4 ,mr4 ,pepys has 
record$ 9 8 di>y h[ sc&al\sly ,*>les    
left 8 (fic]s unpaid4 ,! k+1 he says1   
c\ld n walk 9 8 own h\se )\t meet+ at e 
h& m5 :om he 0 ru9+1 :ile at ! same "t  
he 0 sp5d+ money prodigally ^u 8        
pleasures4 ,pepys himself fell into     
pov]ty 9 8 old age1 acc\nt+ ! k+ to be 9
 debt to him 9 ! sum ( tw5ty-eight ?\s& 
p\nds4  ,p5n consid]$ 8 acc\nt          
collectible4 ,i h be51 he wrote1 ^!     
?irte5 ye>s ! s]vant ( ,tru? & ,fri5ds1 
& = my te/imony's sake lo/ mu*1--n only 
! greatness & pref]m5t ( ! _w1 b sixte5 
?\s& p\nds ( my e/ate :i*1 _h ,i n be5  
:at ,i am1 ,i _h long ago obta9$4 ,x is 
d\btful1 h[ev]1 if ! k+ w\ld h ev] paid 
a p5ny4 ,x is c]ta9 t :5 ,william (f]$  

to ex*ange ! money = a di/rict 9        
,am]ica1 ,*>les agre$ to ! b>ga9 ) great
 joy4  ,! t]ritory ?us be/[$ 0 all t    
tract or "p ( l& 9 ,am]ica1 b\nd$ on !  
ea/ by ! ,delaw>e ,riv]1 f twelve miles 
nor?w>d ( ,new ,ca/le t[n unto ! ?ree & 
=tie? degree ( nor!rn latitude4 ,! said 
l& to ext5d we/w>d five degrees 9       
longitude1 to be comput$ f ! said ea/]n 
b\nds1 & ! said l&s to be b\nd$ on !    
nor? by ! beg9n+ ( ! ?ree & =tie? degree
 ( nor!rn latitude & on ! s\? by a      
circle drawn at twelve miles di/ance f  
,new ,ca/le1 nor?w>d & we/w>d1 unto !   
beg9n+ ( ! =tie? degree ( nor!rn        
latitude1 & !n by a /raight l9e we/w>d  
to ! limits ( longitude above m5tion$4  
,?is 0 a c\ntry almo/ z l>ge z ,engl&4  
,no su* ext5sive doma9 _h ev] be5 giv5  
to a subject by an ,engli% sov]eign3 b  
none _h ev] be5 paid = by a sum ( money 
s sub/antial4  ,on ! #d? ( ,m>*1 #afha1 
! *>t] receiv$ ! signature ( ,*>les !   
,second4 ,on ! #ba/ ( ,augu/1 #afhb1 !  
,duke ( ,york sign$ a de$ :]eby he      

releas$ ! tract ( l& call$ ,p5nsylvania 
to ,william ,p5n & 8 heirs =ev]4 ,ab\t !
 same "t1 by a l de$1 ! duke convey$ to 
,p5n ! di/rict :i* is n[ call$ ,delaw>e4
 ,p5n agre$1 on 8 "p1 z a feudal        
subject1 to r5d] ye>ly to ! k+ two sk9s 
( beav]1 & a fif? "p ( all ! gold &     
silv] f\nd 9 ! gr\nd2 & to ! duke "o    
rose at ! fea/ ( ,/4 ,mi*ael !          
,ar*angel4  ,?is association ( s5tim5t &
 religion ) a transaction 9 real e/ate  
is a fitt+ symbol ( ! _s 9 :i* !        
,p5nsylvania colony 0 und]tak54 ,p5n    
receiv$ ! l& z a sacr$ tru/4 ,x 0 reg>d$
 by him n z a p]sonal e/ate1 b z a      
religi\s possession to be held = ! good 
( humanity1 = ! advancem5t ( ! cause (  
fre$om1 = ! fur!rance ( ! k+dom ( heav54
 ,he wrote at ! "t to a fri5d t he _h   
obta9$ x 9 ! "n ( ,god1 t ?us he may    
s]ve 8 tru? & p1 & t an example may be  
set up to ! nations4 ,he believ$ t !re 0
 room !re = su* an holy exp]im5t4       
,,vi  ,,! ,,settlem5t ,,( ,,p5nsylvania3
 ,,p5n',s ,,fir/ ,,visit ,,to ,,!       

,,prov9ce   ,t ,p5n und]took ! holy     
exp]im5t )\t expectation or desire (    
pr(it appe>s n only 9 8 conviction t he 
0 !reby los+ sixte5 ?\s& p\nds1 b 9 8   
refusal to make 8 new e/ates a means (  
ga94 ,he is (f]$ great ?+s1 says ,james 
,claypole 9 a lett] dat$ ,septemb]1     
#afha1 #fjjj = a monopoly 9 trade1 :i*  
he refus$4444 ,he designs to d ?+s      
equally betwe5 all p>ties1 & ,i believe 
truly does aim m at ju/ice &            
righte\sness & spread+ ( tru? ?an at 8  
own p>ticul> ga94 ,i w\ld n abuse ,8    
love1 said ,p5n1 nor act unwor?y ( ,8   
provid5ce1 & s defile :at came to me    
clean4 ,no1 let ! ,"l guide me by ,8    
wisdom1 & pres]ve me to hon\r ,8 "n1 &  
s]ve ,8 tru? & p1 t an example & /&>d   
may be set up to ! nations4  ,s f>      
remov$ 0 he f all self-seek+1 t he 0 ev5
 unwill+ to h ! colony be> 8 "n4 ,i *ose
 ,new ,wales1 he says1 rec\nt+ ! action 
( ! k+'s c\ncil1 be+1 z ?is1 a pretty   
hilly c\ntry1--b ,p5n be+ ,wel% = head1 
z ,p5nanmoire 9 ,wales1 & ,p5ri? 9      

,cumb]l&1 & ,p5n 9 ,buck+ham%ire1 !     
highe/ l& 9 ,engl&--! k+ call$ ?is      
,p5nsylvania1 :i* is ! high or head     
woodl&s2 = ,i propos$1 :5 ! secret>y1 a 
,wel%man1 refus$ to h x call$ ,new      
,wales1 ,sylvania1 & !y add$ ,p5n to x2 
& ?\gh ,i mu* oppos$ x1 & w5t to ! k+ to
 h x /ruck out & alt]$1 he said x 0 pa/1
 & he w\ld take x ^u him2 nor c\ld tw5ty
 gu9eas move ! "u-secret>y to v>y ! "n1 
= ,i fe>$ le/ x %\ld be look$ on z a    
vanity 9 me1 & n z a respect 9 ! k+1 z x
 truly 01 to my fa!r1 :om he (t5 m5tions
 ) praise4  ,! *>t] gave ! l& to ,p5n z 
! k+'s t5ant4 ,he _h p[] to make laws2  
?\gh ?is p[] 0 to be ex]cis$1 except 9  
em]g5cies1 ) ! advice1 ass5t1 &         
approbation ( ! freem5 ( ! t]ritory1 &  
subject to ! confirmation ( ! ,privy    
,c\ncil4 ,he 0 to appo9t judges & o!r   
(fic]s4 ,he _h ! "r to assess cu/om on  
goods lad5 & unlad51 = 8 own b5efit2    
?\gh he 0 to take c>e to d x reasonably1
 & ) ! advice ( ! assembly ( freem54 ,he
 01 at ! same "t1 to be free f any tax  

or cu/om ( ! k+1 except by 8 own cons5t1
 or by ! cons5t ( 8 gov]nor or assembly1
 or by act ( ,p>liam5t4 ,he 0 n to      
ma9ta9 correspond5ce ) any k+ or p[] at 
w> ) ,engl&1 nor to make w> aga9/ any k+
 or p[] 9 amity ) ! same4 ,if z _m z    
tw5ty ( 8 coloni/s %\ld ask a m9i/] f ! 
,bi%op ( ,london1 su* m9i/] 0 to be     
receiv$ )\t d5ial or mole/ation4  ,!    
next important docum5t to be prep>$ 0 ! 
,con/itution1 or ,frame ( ,gov]nm5t1 &  
to ! task ( compos+ x ,p5n gave a great 
am\nt ( "t & c>e4 ,x 0 prec$$ by two    
/atem5ts ( pr9ciples1--! ,preface & !   
,great ,fundam5tal4  ,! ,preface decl>$ 
! political policy ( ! proprietor4      
,gov]nm5t1 he said1 seems to me a "p (  
religion itself1 a ?+ sacr$ 9 its       
in/itution & end4 ,z = ! debate betwe5  
mon>*y1 ari/ocracy1 & democracy1 ,i     
*oose1 he said1 to solve ! controv]sy ) 
?is small di/9ction1 & x belongs to all 
?ree3 any gov]nm5t is free to ! p "u x1 
:atev] be ! frame1 :]e ! laws rule1 & ! 
p are a p>ty to ^? laws4 ,8 purpose1 he 

says1 is to e/abli% ! great end ( all   
gov]nm5t1 viz41 to support p[] 9 rev]5ce
 ) ! p1 & to secure ! p f ! abuse ( p[]1
 t !y may be free by _! j ob$i5ce1 & !  
magi/rates hon\rable = _! j             
adm9i/ration2 = lib]ty )\t ob$i5ce is   
confusion1 & ob$i5ce )\t lib]ty is      
slav]y4  ,9 a private lett]1 writt5 ab\t
 ! same "t1 ,p5n /at$ 8 political       
position 9 sev]al concrete s5t5ces :i*  
int]pret ^! f9e b r vague pron\ncem5ts4 
,= ! matt]s ( lib]ty & privilege1 he    
wrote1 ,i propose t :i* is extraord9>y1 
& to leave myself & successors no p[] ( 
do+ mis*ief1 t ! w ( "o man may n h9d] !
 good ( an :ole c\ntry2 b to publi% ^!  
?+s n[ & "h1 z matt]s /&1 w\ld n be     
wise4  ,! ,great ,fundam5tal set =? !   
ecclesia/ical policy ( ! f\nd]3 ,9      
rev]5ce to ,god1 ! fa!r ( light &       
spirits1 ! au?or z well z ! object ( all
 div9e k1 fai? & work+s1 ,i d1 = me &   
m9e1 decl>e & e/abli% = ! fir/          
fundam5tal ( ! gov]nm5t ( my prov9ce1 t 
e p]son t do? & %all reside !re %all h &

 enjoy ! free pr(ession ( 8 or h] fai? &
 ex]cise ( wor%ip t[>ds ,god1 9 su* way 
& mann] z e su* p]son %all 9 consci5ce  
believe is mo/ acceptable to ,god4  ,^! 
pr9ciples ( civil & religi\s lib]ty     
con/itut$ ! holy exp]im5t4 ,!y made !   
diff]5ce betwe5 ,p5n's colony & almo/ e 
o!r gov]nm5t !n exi/+4 ,9 _! influ5ce & 
cont9uance1 until at la/ !y 7           
incorporat$ 9 ! ,con/itution ( ! ,unit$ 
,/ates1 !y are ! *ief contribution (    
,william ,p5n to ! progress ( our       
in/itutions4     ,all ,europe ) amazem5t
 saw    ,! s\l's high fre$om trammel$ by
 no law4  ,! ,con/itution 0 drawn up 9  
,articles to ! numb] ( tw5ty-f\r1 & ^! 7
 foll[$ by =ty ,laws4  ,! ,articles     
provid$ = a gov]nor1 to be appo9t$ by ! 
proprietor1 & = two legislative bodies1 
a prov9cial c\ncil & a g5]al assembly4  
,! prov9cial c\ncil 0 to consi/ (       
sev5ty-two memb]s4 ,( ^! a ?ird 7 elect$
 = ?ree ye>s1 a ?ird = two1 & a ?ird =  
"o2 s t by ! end ( ! s]vice ( ! fir/    
?ird1 all w\ld h a ?ree-ye> t]m1        

tw5ty-f\r go+ out & hav+ _! places fill$
 ea* ye>4 ,! bus9ess ( ! c\ncil 0 to    
prep>e laws1 to see t !y 7 execut$1 & 9 
g5]al to provide = ! good conduct (     
affairs4 ,! g5]al assembly 0 to consi/ (
 two hundr$ memb]s1 to be *os5 annually4
 ,!y _h no "r to orig9ate legislation1 b
 7 to pass ^u all bills :i* _h be5      
enact$ by ! c\ncil1 accept+ or reject+  
!m by a vote ( yea or nay4  ,! ,laws    
enjo9$ t all p]sons :o confess$ ! "o    
almighty & et]nal ,god to be ! ,creator1
 ,uphold]1 & ,rul] ( ! _w1 & :o held    
!mselves oblig$ 9 consci5ce to live     
peaceably & ju/ly 9 society1 7 9 no ways
 to be mole/$ = _! religi\s p]suasion & 
practice1 nor to be compell$ at any "t  
to frequ5t any religi\s place or m9i/ry 
:atev]4 ,all *ildr5 ( ! age ( twelve 7  
to be taught "s useful trade4 ,all      
plead+s1 processes1 & records 9 ! c\rts 
( law 7 to be z %ort z possible4 ,!     
re=mation ( ! (f5d] 0 to be consid]$ z a
 great "p ( ! purpose ( puni%m5t4 ,at a 
"t :5 !re 7 9 ,engl& two hundr$ (f5ses  

puni%able by dea?1 ,p5n r$uc$ ^! capital
 crimes to two1 murd] & treason4 ,all   
prisons 7 to be made into workh\ses4 ,no
 oa? 0 to be requir$4 ,dr9k+ heal?s1    
sell+ rum to ,indians1 curs+ & ly+1     
fight+ duels1 play+ c>ds1 ! pleasures ( 
! !atre1 7 all put "u ! ban toge!r4     
,p5n's prov9cial c\ncil sugge/$ ! ,s5ate
 ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,z orig9ally        
e/abli%$1 h[ev]1 ! disproportion ( p[]  
betwe5 ! upp] & ! l[] h\se 0 s great z  
to cause mu* j dissatisfaction4 ,!      
c\ncil 0 9 effect a body ( sev5ty-two   
gov]nors2 ! assembly1 :i* m directly    
repres5t$ ! p1 c\ld consid] no laws save
 ^? s5t d[n to !m by ! c\ncil4 ,!       
,con/itution _h to be *ang$4  ,"o ( !   
good qualities ( ! ,con/itution 0 t x 0 
possible to *ange x4 ,x provid$ = !     
process ( am5dm5t4 ,t cu/om>y article ) 
:i* all con/itutions n[ end appe>$ = !  
fir/ "t 9 ,p5n's ,frame ( ,gov]nm5t4    
,ano!r good quality ( ! ,con/itution 0 t
 x secur$ an abid+ h>mony betwe5 its    
fundam5tal /atem5ts & all fur!r         

legislation4 ,p5n 0 ! fir/ "o to hit ^u 
! f\ndation or fir/ /ep 9 ! true        
pr9ciple1 n[ ! univ]sal law 9 ! ,unit$  
,/ates1 t ! uncon/itutional law is void4
  ,:atev] help ,p5n may h _h 9 ! fram+ (
 ?is legislation1 f ,alg]non ,sidney &  
o!r political fri5ds1 x is pla9 t ! be/ 
"p ( x 0 8 own1 & t he wrote x n z a    
politician b z a ,quak]4 ,x is an       
application ( ! ,quak] pr9ciples (      
democracy & ( religi\s lib]ty to !      
conditions ( a commonweal?4 ,f beg9n+ to
 end x is ! "w ( a man ^: supreme int]e/
 0 religion4 ,x is at ! same "t s+ul>ly 
free f ! n>r[ness into :i* m5 ( ?is     
e>ne/ m9d h (t5 fall54 ,religion1 z ,p5n
 consid]$ x1 0 n a matt] ( ord9ances or 
rubrics4 ,x 0 righte\sness1 & frat]nity1
 & lib]ty ( consci5ce4  ,9 ?is _s he    
wrote a lett] to ! ,indian inhabitants (
 8 prov9ce4 ,! great ,god1 :o is ! p[] &
 wisdom t made y & me1 incl9e y\r he>ts 
to righte\sness1 love1 & peace4 ,?is ,i 
s5d to assure y ( my love1 & to desire y
 to love my fri5ds2 & :5 ! great ,god   

br+s me among y1 ,i int5d to ord] all   
?+s 9 su* a mann] t we may all live 9   
love & peace1 "o ) ano!r1 :i* ,i hope ! 
great ,god w incl9e bo? me & y to d4 ,i 
seek no?+ b ! hon\r ( 8 "n1 & t we1 :o  
are 8 workman%ip1 may d t :i* is well   
pleas+ to him4444 ,s ,i re/ 9 ! love (  
,god t made u4  ,n[ coloni/s began to   
seek ?is l& ( peace across ! sea4 ,a    
hundr$ acres 7 promis$ = =ty %ill+s1 ) a
 quit-r5t ( "o %ill+ annually to !      
proprietor =ev]4 ,9 cle>+ ! gr\nd1 c>e 0
 to be tak5 to leave "o acre ( trees1 = 
e five acres cle>$4 ,all transactions ) 
! ,indians 7 to be held 9 ! public      
m>ket1 & all diff]5ces betwe5 ! :ite man
 & ! r$ 7 to be settl$ by a jury ( six  
plant]s & six ,indians4 ,p5n also       
c\nsel$ prospective coloni/s to consid] 
! great inconv5i5ces :i* !y mu/ (       
necessity endure1 & hop$ t ^? :o w5t    
w\ld h ! p]mission if n ! good lik+ ( _!
 ne> relations4  ,!re 7 already 9 !     
prov9ce "s two ?\s& p1 besides          
,indians1--a peaceable & indu/ri\s folk1

 mo/ly ,sw$es & ,engli%4 ,!y _h six     
meet+-h\ses2 ! ,engli% settl]s be+      
,quak]s4 ,!y liv$ along ! banks ( !     
,delaw>e4 ,9 ! autumn ( #afha1 ! %ip    
,s>ah & ,john br\ght ! fir/ ( ,p5n's    
emigrants1 & 9 ,decemb] ! %ip ,bri/ol   
,factor add$ o!rs4 ,9 #afhb1 ,p5n came  
himself4  ,! j\rney at t "t 0 bo? long &
 p]il\s4 ,if x 0 accompli%$ 9 two mon?s1
 ! voyage 0 consid]$ prosp]\s4 ,to !    
ord9>y dang]s ( ! deep 0 add$ ! t]ror ( 
! smallpox4 ,sc>cely a %ip cross$ )\t   
?is dread pass5g]4 ,william1 accord+ly1 
z "o und]tak+ a desp]ate adv5ture1 took 
a t5d] leave ( 8 family4 ,he wrote a    
lett] ^: c\nsels might guide !m 9 case  
he nev] return$4 ,my de> wife & *ildr51 
he said1 my love1 :i* nei!r sea1 nor l&1
 nor dea? itself c ext+ui% or less5     
t[>ds y1 mo/ ende>$ly visits y ) et]nal 
embraces1 & w abide ) y =ev]2 & may !   
,god ( my life wat* ov] y1 & bless y1 & 
d y good 9 ?is _w & =ev]4 ,be dilig5t1  
he advis$ 8 wife1 9 meet+s = wor%ip &   
bus9ess1 444 & let meet+s be kept once a

 day 9 ! family to wait ^u ! ,"l1 444 &1
 my de>e/1 to make ?y family matt]s easy
 to !e1 divide ?y "t & be regul>2 x is  
easy & sweet4444 ,ca/ up ?y income1 &   
see :at x daily am\nts to1 444 & ,i     
besee* !e to live l[ & sp>+ly1 till my  
debts are paid4 ,z = ! *ildr51 !y are to
 be br$ up 9 ! love ( virtue1 & t holy  
pla9 way ( x1 :i* we h liv$ 91 t ! _w 9 
no "p ( x get into my family4 ,!y are to
 be c>efully taught4 ,= _! le>n+ be     
lib]al1 sp>e no co/4 ,agriculture is    
especially 9 my eye2 let my *ildr5 be   
husb&m5 & h\sewives2 x is indu/ri\s1    
heal?y1 hone/1 & ( good example4 ,!y are
 to honor & obey _! "m1 to love n money 
nor ! _w1 to be temp]ate 9 all ?+s4 ,if 
!y come pres5tly to be conc]n$ 9 !      
gov]nm5t ( ,p5nsylvania1 ,i d *>ge y1 _!
 fa!r wrote1 be=e ! ,"l ,god & ! holy   
angels1 t y be lovely1 dilig5t & t5d]1  
fe>+ ,god1 lov+ ! p1 & hat+ covet\sness4
 ,let ju/ice h its imp>tial c\rse1 & !  
law free passage4 ,?\gh to y\r loss1    
protect no man aga9/ x2 = y are n above 

! law1 b ! law above y4 ,live ! lives   
y\rselves1 y w\ld h ! p live4           
,unhappily1 ( ,guli's *ildr51 sev5 9    
numb]1 f\r di$ be=e _! "m1 & "o1 ! elde/
 son1 ,spr+ett1 %ortly aft]4 ,spr+ett   
inh]it$ ! dev\t _s ( 8 p>5ts2 8 fa!r    
wrote an affect+ acc\nt ( 8 pi\s dea?4  
,( ! two rema9+1 ,william fell into ways
 ( dissipation1 & ,letitia m>ri$ a man  
:om h] fa!r dislik$4 ,nei!r ( !m _h any 
inh]itance 9 ,p5nsylvania4  ,p5n's %ip1 
! ,welcome1 c>ri$ a hundr$ pass5g]s1 mo/
 ( !m ,quak]s f 8 own neighborhood4 ,a  
?ird "p di$ ( smallpox on ! way4 ,on !  
#bd? ( ,octob]1 he sight$ l&2 on ! #bg?1
 he arriv$ be=e ,newca/le1 9 ,delaw>e2  
on ! #bh?1 he l&$4 ,"h he =mally receiv$
 turf & twig1 wat] & soil1 9 tok5 ( 8   
own]%ip4 ,on ! #bi?1 he ent]$           
,p5nsylvania4 ,add+ t5 days to ?is date1
 to br+ x into accord ) our pres5t      
cal5d>1 we h ,novemb] #h z ! day ( 8    
arrival 9 ! prov9ce4 ,! place 0 ,upl&1  
:]e !re 0 a settlem5t already2 ! "n 0 t 
day *ang$ to ,*e/]4  ,p5n 0 greatly     

pleas$ ) 8 new possessions4 ,he wrote a 
description ( ! c\ntry = ! ,free        
,society ( ,trad]s4 ,! air1 he said1 0  
sweet & cle>1 & ! heav5s s]5e4 ,trees1  
fruits1 & fl[]s grew 9 abundance3       
especially a great1 r$ grape1 & a :ite  
k9d ( muskadel1 out ( :i* he hopes x may
 be possible to make good w9e4 ,! gr\nd 
0 f]tile4 ,! ,indians he f\nd to be     
tall1 /raight1 & well built1 walk+ ) a  
l(ty *94 ,_! language 0 l ! ,hebrew1 &  
he guess$ t !y 7 desc5d$ f ! t5 lo/     
tribes ( ,israel4 ,light ( he>t1 !y     
seem$ to him1 ) /rong affections1 b soon
 sp5t2 444 ! mo/ m]ry creatures t live4 
,?\gh !y 7 "u a d>k night 9 ?+s relat+  
to religion1 yet 7 !y believ]s 9 ,god & 
immortality4  ,i bless ! ,"l1 he wrote 9
 a lett]1 ,i am v well1 & mu* satisfi$ )
 my place & portion4 ,o h[ sweet is !   
quiet ( ^! p>ts1 fre$ f ! anxi\s &      
tr\blesome solicitations1 hurries1 &    
solicitations ( woeful ,europe6  ,9 !   
mid/ ( ^! fair regions1 beside ! w$d$   
riv]s1 ! ,delaw>e & ! ,s*uylkill1 9 !   

conv5i5t neighborhood ( qu>ries ( build+
 /one1 at a place :i* ! ,indians call$  
,coaquannoc1 he e/abli%$ 8 capital city1
 call+ x ,philadelphia1--p]haps 9 tok5 (
 ! _s ( bro!rly love 9 :i* x 0 f\nd$1   
p]haps 9 remembrance ( ^? sev5 cities ( 
! ,revelation :]e9 0 t primitive        
,*ri/ianity :i* he wi%$ to reproduce4   
,"h he _h 8 r[]s run 8 boat a%ore at !  
m\? ( ,dock ,creek1 :i* n[ runs "u ,dock
 ,/reet1 :]e sev]al m5 7 engag$ 9 build+
 a h\se1 :i* 0 aft]w>ds call$ ! ,blue   
,an*or ,tav]n4 ,p5n br\ght a consid]able
 company ) him4 ,9 ! m9utes ( a ,fri5ds'
 meet+ held on ! #h? 7#ah?7 ( ,novemb]1 
#afhb1 at ,%ackamaxon1 n[ ,k5s+ton1 x 0 
record$ t1 at ?is "t1 ,gov]nor ,p5n & a 
multitude ( ,fri5ds arriv$ "h1 & erect$ 
a city call$ ,philadelphia1 ab\t half a 
mile f ,%ackamaxon4 ,pres5tly1 !        
,indians appe>$4 ,!y (f]$ ,p5n ( _!     
hom9y & roa/$ acorns1 &1 aft] d9n]1 %[$ 
him h[ !y c\ld hop & jump4 ,he is said  
to h ent]$ he>tily into ^! ex]cises1 &  
to h jump$ f>!r ?an any ( !m4  ,!       

gov]nor _h already det]m9$ ! plan ( !   
city4 ,!re 7 to be two l>ge /reets1--"o 
front+ ! ,delaw>e on ! ea/1 ! o!r front+
 ! ,s*uylkill on ! we/2 a ?ird av5ue1 to
 be call$ ,high ,/reet 7n[ ,m>ket71 0 to
 run f riv] to riv]1 ea/ & we/2 & a     
f\r?1 call$ ,broad ,/reet1 0 to cross x 
at "r angles1 nor? & s\?4 ,tw5ty /reets 
7 to lie p>allel ) ,broad1 & to be nam$ 
,fir/ ,/reet1 ,second ,/reet1 & s on 9  
ord]1 9 ! pla9 ,quak] fa%ion :i* _h ?us 
entitl$ ! days ( ! week & ! mon?s ( !   
ye>4 ,eight 7 to lie p>allel ) ,high1 & 
to be call$ aft] ! trees ( !            
=e/1--,spruce1 ,*e/nut1 ,p9e4 ,9 ! mid/ 
( ! city1 at ! cross+ ( ,high & ,broad  
,/reets1 0 to be a squ>e ( t5 acres1 to 
conta9 ! public (fices2 & 9 ea* qu>t] ( 
! city 0 to be a simil> op5 space =     
walks4 ,! f\nd] int5d$ to all[ no h\se  
to be built on ! riv] banks1 keep+ !m   
op5 & beautiful4 ,c\ld he h =ese5 !     
future1 he w\ld h made ! /reets wid]4   
,he _h 9 m9d1 h[ev]1 only a c\ntry t[n4 
,let e h\se be plac$1 he direct$1 if !  

p]son pleases1 9 ! middle ( its plot1 z 
to ! bread? way ( x1 t s !re may be     
gr\nd on ea* side = g>d5s or or*>ds or  
fields1 t x may be a gre5 c\ntry t[n1   
:i* w nev] be burnt & always :olesome4  
,among ^? h\ses 0 8 own1 a mode/        
/ructure made ( brick1 /&+ on ,front    
,/reet s\? ( ! pres5t ,m>ket ,/reet1 &  
/ill pres]v$ 9 ,fairmont ,p>k4 ,he      
aft]w>ds gave x to 8 daught] ,letitia1 &
 x 0 call$ ,letitia ,h\se1 f h] own]%ip4
  ,9 ! mean "t1 he 0 mak+ 8 fam\s treaty
 ) ! ,indians4 ,p5n recogniz$ ! ,indians
 z ! actual own]s ( ! l&4 ,he b\ght x ( 
!m z he ne$$ x4 ,! transf] ( prop]ty ?us
 made 0 a natural occasion ( mutual     
promises4 ,z !re 7 sev]al su* meet+s    
betwe5 ! ,quak]s & ! ,indians1 x is     
difficult to fix a date to m>k ! fact4  
,"o meet+ took place1 x is said1 "u a   
spread+ elm at ,%ackamaxon4 ,! commonly 
accept$ date is ! #bc;d ( ,june1 #afhc4 
,! elm 0 bl[n d[n 9 #ahaj4 ,!re is a    
p]si/5t tradition to ! effect t ,william
 0 di/+ui%$ f 8 fell[ ,quak]s 9 ?is     

transaction by we>+ a sky-blue sa% (    
silk network4 ,b ( ?is1 z ( mo/ o!r     
details ( c]emony 9 connection ) !      
matt]1 we "k no?+4  ,p5n gives a g5]al  
description ( 8 v>i\s conf]5ces ^u ?is  
bus9ess4 ,_! ord]1 he says1 is ?us3 ! k+
 sits 9 ! middle ( a half-moon1 & has 8 
c\ncil1 ! old & wise1 on ea* h&4 ,beh9d 
!m1 or at a little di/ance1 sit ! y\ng] 
fry 9 ! same figure4 ,!n "o speaks 9 _! 
k+'s "n1 & ,p5n answ]s4 ,:5 ! pur*ase 0 
agre$ great promises pass$ betwe5 u (   
k9dness & good neighb\rhood1 & t !      
,engli% & ! ,indians mu/ live 9 love z  
long z ! sun gave light1 444 at e s5t5ce
 ( :i* !y %\t$1 & said ,am51 9 _! way4  
,"s e>ne/ness may h be5 add$ to ^!      
assur+ responses by ! ,indians'         
consci\sness ( ! fact t ! advantages ( !
 b>ga9 7 n all on "o side4 ,!           
,p5nsylvania tribes _h be5 ?or\ghly     
conqu]$ by ! ,five ,nations4 ,!re 0     
little he>t left 9 !m4 ,b _! condition  
detracts no?+ f ,p5n's ,*ri/ian         
bro!rl9ess4  ,9 "s su* mann] ! great    

bus9ess 0 enact$4 ,?is1 said ,voltaire1 
0 ! only treaty betwe5 ^! p & !         
,*ri/ians t 0 n ratifi$ by an oa?1 & t 0
 nev] brok54 ,t x 0 nev] brok5 0 !      
capital fact4 ,h]e9 x diff]$ f a ?\s&   
o!r treaties made be=e or s9ce4 ,9 !    
mid/ ( ! long /ory ( ! misdeal+s ( !    
:ite m5 ) ! r$1 :i* beg9s ) ,cortez &   
,piz>ro1 & is /ill cont9u$ 9 ! daily    
newspap]s1 ?is ju/ice & hone/y (        
,william ,p5n is a po9t ( light4 ,t ,p5n
 treat$ ! ,indians z neighbors & bro!rs2
 t he paid !m fairly = e acre ( _! l&2 t
 ! promises :i* he made 7 ev] aft]      
unfail+ly kept is p]haps 8 be/ w>rant ( 
abid+ fame4 ,l 8 con/itutional          
e/abli%m5t ( civil & religi\s lib]ty1 x 
0 a direct result ( 8 ,quak] pr9ciples4 
,x 0 a manife/ation ( t righte\sness :i*
 he 0 cont9ually prea*+ & practic+4  ,! 
k9dness & c\rtly g5]osity :i* ,p5n %[$ 9
 8 b>ga9s ) ! ,indians is happily       
illu/rat$ 9 "o ( 8 pur*ases ( l&4 ,! l& 
0 to ext5d z f> back z a man c\ld walk 9
 ?ree days4 ,william walk$ out a day & a

 half ( x1 tak+ sev]al *iefs ) him1     
leisurely1 aft] ! ,indian mann]1 sitt+  
d[n sometimes to smoke _! pipes1 to eat 
biscuit & *eese1 & dr9k a bottle ( w9e4 
,?us !y cov]$ less ?an ?irty miles4 ,9  
#agcc1 ! !n gov]nor employ$ ! fa/e/     
walk] he c\ld f9d1 :o 9 ! second day & a
 half m>k$ eighty-six miles4  ,! treaty 
gave ! new colony a sub/antial          
advantage4 ,! ,l5ni ,l5ape1 ! ,m+oes1 ! 
,%awnees acc\nt$ ,p5n's settl]s z _!    
fri5ds4 ,! ^w w5t out among ! tribes t  
:at ,p5n said he meant1 & t :at he      
promis$ he w\ld fulfill fai?fully4 ,?us 
! plant]s 7 fre$ f ! t]ror ( ! =e/ :i*  
haunt$ _! neighbors1 nor? & s\?4 ,!y    
c\ld f\nd cities 9 ! wild]ness & till _!
 scatt]$ f>ms )\t fe> ( tomahawk or     
firebr&4 ,p5n himself w5t tw5ty miles f 
,philadelphia1 ne> ! pres5t ,bri/ol1 to 
lay out 8 c\ntry place ( ,p5nsbury4     
,%ips 7 n[ arriv+ ) sob] & indu/ri\s    
emigrants2 trees 7 com+ d[n1 h\ses 7 go+
 up4 ,9 ,july1 #afhc1 ,p5n wrote to     
,h5ry ,sidney1 9 ,engl&1 rem9d+ him t he

 _h promis$ to s5d "s fruit-trees1 &    
describ+ ! condition ( ! colony4 ,we h  
laid out a t[n a mile long & two miles  
deep4444 ,i ?9k we h ne> ab\t eighty    
h\ses built1 & ab\t ?ree hundr$ f>ms    
settl$ r\nd ! t[n4444 ,we h _h fifty    
sail ( %ips & small vessels1 s9ce ! la/ 
summ]1 9 our riv]1 :i* %[s a good       
beg9n+4 ,i am mightily tak5 ) ?is "p ( !
 _w1 he wrote to ,"l ,culpep]1 :o _h    
come to be gov]nor ( ,virg9ia1 ,i l x s 
well1 t a pl5tiful e/ate1 & a great     
acqua9tance on ! o!r side1 h no *>ms to 
remove2 my family be+ once fix$ ) me1 & 
if no o!r ?+ occur1 ,i am likely to be  
an adopt$ ,am]ican4 ,our heads are dull1
 he add$1 b our he>ts are good & our h&s
 /rong4  ,9 ! mid/ ( ?is peace &        
prosp]ity1 h[ev]1 !re 0 a s]i\s tr\ble4 
,?is 0 a dispute ) ,"l ,baltimore ov] ! 
divid+ l9e betwe5 ,p5nsylvania & ,m>yl&4
 ,by ! inaccuracy ( surveyors1 !        
confusion ( maps1 & ! indef9it5ess (    
*>t]s1 ,baltimore believ$ himself       
entitl$ to a consid]able "p ( ! t]ritory

 :i* 0 claim$ by ,p5n1 includ+ ev5      
,philadelphia4 ,! two proprietors _h    
already discuss$ ! "q )\t settlem5t2    
inde$1 x rema9$ a cause ( cont5tion = "s
 sev5ty ye>s4 ,z f9ally settl$1 9 #agcb1
 betwe5 ! heirs ( ,p5n & ( ,baltimore1 a
 l9e 0 e/abli%$ f ,cape ,h5lop5 we/ to a
 po9t half way betwe5 ,delaw>e ,bay &   
,*esapeake ,bay2 !nce nor? to twelve    
miles we/ ( ,newca/le1 & s on to fifte5 
miles s\? ( ,philadelphia2 !nce due we/4
 ,! surveyors 7 ,*>les ,mason & ,j]emiah
 ,dixon1 & ! l9e 0 ?us call$ ,mason &   
,dixon's ,l9e4 ,?is b\nd>y aft]w>ds p>t$
 ! free ,/ates f ! slave ,/ates4 ,s\? ( 
x 0 ,dixie4  ,p5n n[ le>n$ t ,"l        
,baltimore 0 on 8 way to ,engl& to lay !
 "q be=e ! ,privy ,c\ncil4 ,! situation 
dem&$ ,william's pres5ce4 ,i am foll[+  
him z fa/ z ,i c1 he wrote to ! ,duke ( 
,york1 pray+ t a p]fect /op be put to   
all 8 proce$+s till ,i come4 ,he !re=e  
took leave ( 8 fri5ds 9 ! prov9ce1      
commission$ ! prov9cial c\ncil to act 9 
8 /ead1 & 9 ,augu/1 #afhd1 hav+ be5 two 

ye>s 9 ,am]ica1 he emb>k$ = home4  ,on  
bo>d ! ,endeav\r1 on ! eve ( sail+1 he  
wrote a f>ewell lett]4 ,& ?\1           
,philadelphia1 he said1 ! virg9         
settlem5t ( ?is prov9ce1 nam$ be=e ?\   
w]t born1 :at love1 :at c>e1 :at s]vice 
& :at travail has !re be5 to br+ !e =? &
 pres]ve !e f su* z w\ld abuse & defile 
!e6 ,o t ?\ maye/ be kept f ! evil t    
w\ld ov]:elm !e2 t fai?ful to ! ,god (  
m]cies 9 ! life ( righte\sness1 ?\ maye/
 be pres]v$ to ! end4 ,my s\l prays to  
,god = !e t ?\ maye/ /& 9 ! day ( trial1
 t ?y *ildr5 may be bless$ ( ! ,"l1 & ?y
 p sav$ by ?y p[]4 ,my love to !e has   
be5 great1 & ! remembrance ( !e affects 
m9e he>t & m9e eye4 ,! ,god ( et]nal    
/r5g? keep & pres]ve !e to 8 glory &    
peace4     ,,vii  ,,at ,,! ,,c\rt ,,(   
,,james ,,! ,,second1 ,,& ,,9           
,,retirem5t   ,:5 ,p5n left ! prov9ce 9 
#afhd1 he expect$ to return spe$ily1 b  
he did n see t pleasant l& aga9 until   
#afii4 ,! fifte5 int]v5+ ye>s 7 fill$ ) 
cont5tion1 anxiety1 mis=tune1 & v>i\s   

di/resses4  ,9 ! w9t] ( #afhd-he1 ,*>les
 ,,ii4 di$1 & ! ,duke ( ,york1 8 bro!r1 
succe$$ him z ,james ,,ii4 ,& ,james 0 !
 patron & good fri5d ( ,william ,p5n4 ,b
 ! k+ 0 a ,roman ,ca?olic4 ,"o ( 8 fir/ 
acts ^u com+ to ! ?rone 0 to g publicly 
to mass4 ,he 0 privately resolv$ ^u mak+
 ! ,roman ,*ur* supreme 9 ,engl&4 ,p5n 0
 /\tly oppos$ to ! k+'s religion4 ,9 8  
,seasonable ,caveat aga9/ ,pop]y1 z well
 z 9 8 o!r writ+s1 he _h express$ 8     
dislike ) *>act]i/ic frankness4 ,t he _h
 himself be5 accus$ ( be+ a ,jesuit _h  
naturally impell$ him to use ! /ronge/  
language to belie ! accusation4         
,nev]!less1 ,william ,p5n /ood by ! k+4 
,he s\ght & kept ! position ( favorite &
 ag5t ( ! c\rt4 ,he upheld1 & s f> z he 
c\ld1 assi/$1 ! projects ( a reign :i*1 
_h x cont9u$1 w\ld probably h           
contradict$ 8 mo/ *]i%$ pr9ciples1      
aboli%$ lib]ty ( consci5ce1 & made an   
end ( ,quak]s4  ,?is p]plex+            
inconsi/5cy1 :i* is ! only s]i\s blot on
 ,p5n's fair fame1 appe>s to h be5 !    

result ( two convictions4  ,he 0 sure1 9
 ! fir/ place1 ( ! hone/y ( ! k+2 he    
believ$ 9 him ) all 8 he>t4 ,james _h   
be5 true to ! tru/ repos$ 9 him by      
,william's fa!r4 ,he _h befri5d$        
,william1 tak+ him out ( prison1        
increas+ 8 e/ates1 grant+ 8 petitions4  
,anybody1 said ,p5n1 t has ! lea/       
pret5se to good-nature1 gratitude1 or   
g5]osity1 mu/ ne$s "k h[ to int]pret my 
access to ! k+4 ,) 8 advance to ! cr[n  
,james's graci\sness _h increas$4 ,he   
kept great lords wait+ )\t :ile he      
conv]s$ at leisure ) ! ,quak]4 ,he lik$ 
,p5n1 & ,p5n lik$ him4 ,9 spite ( !     
disp>ities 9 _! age1 rank1 & cre$1      
,william ,p5n & ,james ,/u>t 7 fa/      
fri5ds1 unit$ by ! bond ( g5u9e         
affection4  ,x 0 *>act]i/ic ( ,p5n to be
 bl9d to ! faults ( 8 fri5ds4 ,he br\ght
 great tr\bles bo? ^u himself & ^u 8    
colony by 8 refusal to believe ! reports
 :i* 7 made to him aga9/ ! "* ( m5 :om  
he _h appo9t$ to (fice3 he 0 unwill+ to 
believe evil ( any man4 ,he fell into   

bankruptcy1 & ev5 into a debtor's       
prison1 by 8 bl9d1 unque/ion+ confid5ce 
9 ! ag5t :o manag$ 8 bus9ess4 ,8 fai? 9 
,james 0 ( a piece ) 8 :ole "*4 ,he     
appe>s to h be5 temp]am5tally incapable 
( p]ceiv+ ! unwor?9ess ( anybody :om he 
lik$4  ,toge!r ) ?is conviction z to !  
k+'s hone/y1 & b\nd up ) x1 0 a l belief
 9 ! wisdom ( ! k+'s plan4 ,! k+'s plan 
0 to remove all disabilities aris+ f    
religion4 ,he purpos$ n only to put an  
end to ! laws "u :i* hone/ m5 7 kept 9  
prison1 b to aboli% ! te/s :i* prev5t$ a
 ,roman ,ca?olic f hold+ (fice4 ,&1 )\t 
t>ry+ = ! action ( a cauti\s ,p>liam5t1 
8 int5tion 0 to d ^! ?+s at once by a   
decl>ation ( ! royal w4 ,all ?is 0      
approv$ by ,william ,p5n4  ,t ! laws :i*
 di/urb$ ,prote/ant diss5t]s %\ld be    
*ang$1 he argu$ at l5g? 9 a pamphlet    
entitl$ ,a ,p]suasion to ,mod]ation4    
,mod]ation1 z he def9$ x1 meant lib]ty (
 consci5ce to *ur* diss5t]s2 a cause    
:i*1 ) all humility1 he said1 he _h     
und]tak5 to plead aga9/ ! prejudices ( !

 times4 ,he ma9ta9$ t tol]ation 0 n only
 a "r inh]5t 9 religion1 b t x 0 = !    
political & comm]cial good ( ! nation4  
,repression & p]secution1 he said1 drive
 m5 into conspiracies4 ,! import+ (     
religi\s di/9ctions into ! affairs (    
/ate deprives ! c\ntry ( ! s]vices ( "s 
( its be/ m54 ,8 fa!r1 ^u ! occasion ( !
 fir/ ,dut* w>1 _h submitt$ to ! k+ a   
li/ ( ! able/ sea (fic]s 9 ! k+dom4 ,!  
/rik+ ( ! names ( noncon=mi/s f ?is li/ 
_h robb$ ! k+ at t "t ( t5 m51 ^: great]
 k & val\r1 ?an any o!r t5 ( t fleet1   
_h1 9 _! room1 be5 able to h sav$ a     
battle1 or p]fect$ a victory4 ,z = a    
decl>ation ( indulg5ce1 ,p5n deem$ x !  
sov]eign rem$y ( ! ,engli% con/itution4 
,t ! te/s %\ld be remov$1 he urg$ on    
,james's behalf ^u ,william ( ,orange1  
to :om he w5t 9 ,holl& on an in=mal     
commission f ! k+4 ,william1 by 8       
m>riage ) ,james's daught]1 0 heir      
app>5t to ! ?rone ( ,engl&1 & 8 cons5t 0
 necess>y to any s]i\s *ange ( national 
policy4 ,he insi/$ on ! te/s4           

,!oretically1 ,p5n 0 "r4 ,! ideal /ate  
imposes no religi\s te/s2 e good citiz51
 no matt] :at 8 private cre$ may be1 is 
eligible to any (fice4 ,practically1    
,p5n 0 wrong1 z ,william ( ,orange      
pla9ly saw4 ,t pr9ce1 z appe>$ aft]w>ds1
 0 z zeal\s = religi\s fre$om z 0 ,p5n  
himself2 b x 0 pla9 to him t z matt]s   
/ood at t "t 9 ,engl&1 x 0 necess>y to  
en=ce ! te/s 9 ord] to prev5t ! rise (  
an ecclesia/ical p>ty ^: supremacy w\ld 
endang] all t ,p5n desir$4 ,p5n1 ) 8 /\t
 fai? 9 ! k+1 c\ld n see x4 ,!re 7      
times1 inde$1 :5 he 0 p]plex$ & tr\bl$4 
,! ,"l keep u 9 ?is d>k day6 he wrote to
 8 /ew>d at ,p5nsbury4 ,be wise1 close1 
respectful to sup]iors4 ,! k+ has       
dis*>g$ all ,fri5ds by a g5]al p>don1 & 
is c\rte\s1 ?\gh z to ! ,*ur* ( ,engl&1 
?+s seem p9*+4 ,sev]al ,roman ,ca?olics 
got mu* into places 9 ! army1 navy1     
c\rt4 ,nev]!less1 ! k+'s plan1 z he     
und]/ood x1 gave assurance ( lib]ty (   
consci5ce1 & ! end ( p]secution =       
op9ion's sake2 & he support$ ! k+4  ,"u 

^! conditions1 misl$ by fri5d%ip1 see+1 
b n p]ceiv+1 ,p5n p]suad$ himself t he  
c\ld excell5tly s]ve ,god & 8 neighbors 
by becom+ a c\rti]4 ,he took a h\se 9   
,london1 )9 easy di/ance ( ,:itehall1 & 
visit$ ! k+ daily4 ,a great _m p !re=e  
visit$ ,p5n daily2 sometimes z _m z two 
hundr$ 7 wait+ to conf] ) him4 ,!y      
desir$ t he w\ld d ?is or t = _! good ) 
! k+4 ,mo/ ( !m 7 ,quak]s2 _m 7 9 ne$ ( 
p>don1 or 7 burd5$ by "s oppression4  ,=
 example1 ,sir ,rob]t ,/u>t ( ,coltness 
_h be5 9 exile z a ,presbyt]ian1 & on 8 
return f\nd 8 l&s 9 ! possession ( !    
,e>l ( ,arran4 ,he br\ght 8 case to     
,p5n4 ,p5n w5t to ,arran4 ,:at is ?is1  
fri5d ,james1 t ,i he> ( !e8 he said4   
,?\ ha/ tak5 possession ( ,coltness's   
ca/le4 ,?\ kn[e/ t x is n ?9e4 ,t e/ate1
 ,arran expla9$1 ,i paid a great price  
=4 ,i receiv$ no o!r rew>d = my exp5sive
 & tr\blesome embassy to ,france1 except
 ?is e/ate4 ,all v well1 fri5d ,james1  
said ,p5n1 b ( ?is assure ?yself1 t if  
?\ do/ n give me ?is mom5t an ord] on ?y

 *amb]la9 = two hundr$ p\nds to         
,coltness to c>ry him d[n to 8 native   
c\ntry1 & a hundr$ a ye> to subsi/ on   
till matt]s are adju/$1 ,i w make x z _m
 ?\s&s out ( ?y way ) ! k+4 ,arran      
compli$ imm$iately4  ,aga91 "o day aft] 
d9n]1 z !y 7 dr9k+ a glass ( w9e toge!r1
 "o ( ,p5n's cli5ts said1 ,i c tell y h[
 y c prolong my life4 ,i am no          
physician1 answ]$ ,william1 b pri!e tell
 me :at ?\ meane/4 ,! cli5t repli$ t a  
good fri5d ( 81 ,jack ,tr5*>d1 0 9      
exile1 & if y1 he said1 c\ld get him    
leave to come home ) safety & hon\r1 !  
dr9k+ n[ & !n a bottle ) ,jack ,tr5*>d  
w\ld make me s *e]ful t x w\ld prolong  
my life4 ,p5n smil+ly promis$ to d :at  
he c\ld1 & 9 a mon? ! two fri5ds 7 dr9k+
 8 good heal?4  ,?is 0 ! k9d ( bus9ess  
:i* he transact$4 ,he _h f\nd a way to  
be ( em95t s]vice to 8 neighbors1 &     
especially to 8 ,quak] bre?r51 & he made
 ! mo/ ( ! opportunity4 ,!re is no      
evid5ce t he dep>t$ f ! dis9t]e/$ life  
:i* he _h previ\sly liv$4 ,he att5d$ !  

c\rt ( ,k+ ,james1 z he _h und]tak5 !   
settlem5t ( ,p5nsylvania1 n = :at he    
c\ld get out ( x1 b = ! good he c\ld d  
by means ( x4 ,:at he did1 he tells u1 0
 ^u a pr9ciple ( *>ity4 ,i nev] accept$ 
any commission1 he says1 b t ( a free & 
common solicitor = suff]]s ( all sorts &
 9 all p>ties4 ,nei!r is !re any in/ance
 ( 8 ask+ any?+ to increase 8 own e/ate 
or position4  ,inde$1 he 0 los+ money2 =
 ! exp5ses ( life at c\rt 7 great4      
,worse /ill1 he 0 los+ 8 good "n4 ,8    
,quak] fri5ds f\nd him h>d to und]/&4 ,x
 0 true t he _h ca/ 9 8 lot ) !m1 & _h  
suff]$ = _! cause1--he 0 _! great       
!ologian & prea*]2 b he seem$1          
nev]!less1 to be /ill a cavali] & a     
worldly p]son4 ,!y he>d--?\gh !re 0 no  
tru? 9 ! report--t he _h set up a       
milit>y company 9 ,p5nsylvania4 ,!y saw 
) _! own eyes t he liv$ 9 a /yle :i* mu/
 h seem$ to !m altoge!r inconsi/5t )    
simplicity1 & t he consort$ ) c\rti]s4  
,& !y did n l x1--!y said s frankly4  ,z
 = enemies1 ! k+'s favorite _h _m1      

inevitably4 ,! lords :o wait$ 9 !       
ante*amb] :ile ,p5n 0 closet$ ) ,james  
did n look pleasantly at him :5 he came 
out4 ,! /\t ,prote/ants1 :o hat$ ! k+'s 
ways1 & suspect$ ! k+'s designs1 c\ld n 
easily ?9k well ( "o :o 0 s closely 9 8 
c\nsels4 ,"o ( ,p5n's fri5ds told him   
:at ^! p said ( him3 ,y\r po/ is too    
consid]able = a ,papi/ ( an ord9>y =m1 &
 !re=e y mu/ be a ,jesuit2 nay1 to      
confirm t sugge/ion1 x mu/ be accompani$
 ) all ! circum/ances t may be/ give x  
an air ( probability1--z t y h be5 br$  
at ,/4 ,om]'s 9 ! ,jesuit ,college2 t y 
h tak5 ord]s at ,rome1 & !re obta9$ a   
disp5sation to m>ry2 & t y h s9ce !n    
frequ5tly (ficiat$ z a prie/ 9 !        
celebration ( ! mass1 at ,:itehall1 ,/4 
,james's1 & o!r places4 ,x seems absurd 
en\gh to u1 b _m intellig5t p]sons1 ev5 
,ar*bi%op ,tillotson ( ,cant]bury1      
believ$ x4 ,! detail ( ,/4 ,om] came1   
probably1 f a confusion ( ! "n )        
,saumur4 ,! o!r suspicions grew out (   
,p5n's place 9 ! favor ( ! k+4  ,x seem$

 z if no?+ c\ld prejudice ! k+'s matt]s 
9 ! eyes ( ,p5n4 ,monm\?'s rebellion    
came1 & ! k+'s rev5ge foll[$4 ,judge    
,jeffreys w5t on 8 bloody circuit4 ,ab\t
 ?ree hundr$ hang$1 ,p5n wrote1 9 div]s 
t[ns ( ! we/2 ab\t "o ?\s& to be        
transport$4 ,i begg$ tw5ty ( ! k+4 ,x 0 
all bad1 & "o regrets to f9d ,p5n       
conc]n$ 9 x4 ,/ill1 8 tw5ty probably f>$
 bett] ?an _! neighbors4 ,x is likely t 
he s5t !m to be coloni/s 9 ,p5nsylvania4
  ,9 ! matt] ( ! maids ( ,taunton1      
,william seems cle>ly to h _h no "p4 ,a 
company ( little s*oolgirls1 l$ by _!   
tea*]1 _h m>*$ 9 procession to celebrate
 ! l&+ ( ,monm\?4 ,= ?is (f5se _! p>5ts 
7 heavily f9$1 & ! f9es 7 giv5 to !     
que5's maids ( honor4 ,^! ladies wrote  
to a ,mr4 ,p5ne to get him to collect   
!m4 ,macaulay ?\ght t ?is p>don-brok] 0 
,william ,p5n4 ,x is flagrantly         
inconsi/5t ) 8 "*1 & he has be5         
adequately v9dicat$ by v>i\s writ]s4 ,! 
ag5t 9 ?is case 0 probably ,george      
,p5ne1 a p]son 9 t bus9ess4  ,p5n's     

c\rse is n s cle> 9 ! matt] ( !         
presid5cy ( ,magdal5 ,college4 ,"o ( !  
/eps 9 ,james's plan to *ange ! religion
 ( ,engl& 0 to get a foo?old = tea*]s ( 
8 fai? at ! univ]sities4 ,he int5d$ to  
capture ,ox=d & ,cambridge4 ,he _h s f> 
succe$$ at ,ox=d z to get possession (  
,*ri/ ,*ur* & ,univ]sity ,college1 &1 ! 
presid5cy ( ,magdal5 fall+ vacant1 he   
ord]$ ! fell[s to elect a man ( 8 own   
*oice4 ,! fell[s refus$ to obey !       
ord]1--!reupon ,p5n1 :o _h at fir/ tak5 
_! "p ) ! k+1 advis$ !m to surr5d]4 ,mr4
 ,p5n1 said ,dr4 ,h\gh1 repres5t+ !     
fell[s1 9 ?is ,i w be pla9 ) y4 ,we h   
our /atutes & oa?s to ju/ify u 9 all t  
we h done hi!rto2 b1 sett+ ?is aside1 we
 h a religion to def5d1 & ,i suppose    
y\rself w\ld ?9k u knaves if we w\ld    
tamely give x up4 ,! ,papi/s h already  
gott5 ,*ri/ ,*ur* & ,univ]sity2 ! pres5t
 /ruggle is = ,magdal52 & 9 a %ort "t !y
 ?reat5 !y w h ! re/4  ,to ?is ,p5n     
repli$ ) vehem5ce3 ,t !y %all nev] h1   
assure y\rselves2 if once !y proce$ s f>

 !y w quickly f9d !mselves de/itute ( _!
 pres5t assi/ance4 ,= my "p1 ,i h always
 decl>$ my op9ion t ! pref]m5ts ( !     
,*ur* %\ld n be put into any o!r h&s b  
su* z !y are at pres5t 92 b ,i hope y   
w\ld n h ! two univ]sities su* inv9cible
 bulw>ks = ! ,*ur* ( ,engl&1 t none b !y
 mu/ be capable ( giv+ _! *ildr5 a le>n$
 education4 ,i suppose two or ?ree      
colleges w cont5t ! ,papi/s4 ,f9ally1 ! 
k+'s m5 broke d[n ! doors1 turn$ out !  
pr(essors & /ud5ts1 & gave ! k+ 8 way4  
,p5n 0 ?us ! ag5t ( tyranny2 b he 0 an  
innoc5t ag5t4 ,he made a bad blund]2 b  
he made x hone/ly & ignorantly4 ,x 0 9  
accord ) 8 democratic ideas t !         
univ]sities %\ld be places ( in/ruction 
= all ! p2 he w\ld h lik$ to see n only 
! ,roman ,ca?olics1 b all ! great       
divisions ( religion 9 ,engl& repres5t$ 
!re4 ,& t f9e idea misl$ him4 ,to hold  
him guilty1 "h or else:]e1 ( malice or  
hypocrisy1 is to misread 8 "*4 ,he 0    
simply mi/ak51--mi/ak5 9 ! k+1 mi/ak5 9 
! application ( 8 own pr9ciples4        

,mean:ile1 ! nation at l>ge 0 mak+ no   
mi/ake4 ,! p saw ,james z he 01 &       
detect$ 8 designs ^u ! lib]ties (       
,engl&4 ,at la/1 9 ,april1 #afhh1 he    
issu$ a ,decl>ation ( ,indulg5ce4 ,he   
add$ insult to injury by ord]+ t x %\ld 
be read 9 e *ur* 9 ! realm4 ,! sev5     
bi%ops :o prote/$ 7 s5t to ! ,t[]4 ,!n !
 end came ) spe$4 ,william ( ,orange 0  
invit$ into ,engl&4 ,! nation welcom$   
him ) acclamations4 ,james fl$ be=e him 
into ,france1 :]e he liv$ ! rema9d] ( an
 +lori\s life4  ,?is 0 a h>d *ange =    
,william ,p5n1 & he seems to h done no?+
 to make x easi]4 ,!re 7 c\rti]s :o     
pass$ ) incr$ible swiftness f "o        
allegiance to ! o!r2 he 0 n among !m4   
,o!rs fl$ to ,france1 b he /ay$4 ,he 0  
arre/$4 ,9 8 exam9ation be=e ! ,privy   
,c\ncil he decl>$ t he _h done no?+ b   
:at he c\ld answ] = be=e ,god & all !   
pr9ces 9 ! _w2 t he lov$ 8 c\ntry & !   
,prote/ant religion above 8 life1 & _h  
nev] act$ aga9/ ei!r2 t all he _h ev]   
aim$ at 9 8 public endeavors 0 none o!r 

?an :at ! k+ _h decl>$ = religi\s       
lib]ty2 t ,k+ ,james _h always be5 8    
fri5d1 & 8 fa!r's fri5d1 & t 9 gratitude
 he himself 0 ! k+'s1 & did ev]1 z mu* z
 9 him lay1 influ5ce him to 8 true      
int]e/4 ,p5n 0 releas$4  ,! new k+ began
 8 reign ) ! ,tol]ation ,act1 :i*       
,p>liam5t pass$ 9 #afhh1 & f :i* dates !
 e/abli%m5t ( actual & abid+ religi\s   
lib]ty 9 ,engl&4 ,?us ,p5n's great      
purpose 0 accompli%$ by "o ) :om he 0 n 
9 accord4 ,sometimes a political p>ty   
adopts ! projects = :i* its oppon5ts h  
long labor$1 & c>ries !m out ev5 m      
vigor\sly ?an !y _h be5 plann$          
orig9ally4 ,! initial re=m]s are glad t 
_! ideals h be5 realiz$1 b _! zeal mu/  
be uncommonly imp]sonal if ! success    
br+s !m q s mu* joy z x logically ought4
 ,x is n likely t ! ,tol]ation ,act     
fill$ ! s\l ( ,william ,p5n ) great     
jubilation4 ,inde$1 we "k t he insi/$ to
 ! end ( 8 life t ,james1 if he _h be5  
let alone1 w\ld h done all t ,william   
did1 & m too1 & bett]4  ,! ye>s :i*     

foll[$ 7 full ( tr\ble4 ,macaulay says t
 9 #afhi ,p5n 0 plott+ aga9/ ! gov]nm5t2
 b ! evid5ce does n suffice to e/abli% !
 fact4 ,! ,privy ,c\ncil1 9 #afij1      
confront$ ,p5n ) an int]cept$ lett] to  
him f ,james1 ask+ = help4 ,b1 z ,p5n   
said1 he c\ld n h9d] ! k+ f writ+ to    
him4 ,he add$1 h[ev]1 ) *>act]i/ic      
boldness1 t s9ce he _h lov$ ,k+ ,james 9
 8 prosp]ity he %\ld n hate him 9 8     
adv]sity4 ,he 0 aga9 dis*>g$4  ,9 t same
 ye>1 h[ev]1 ,james invad$ ,irel&1 & !  
situation ( 8 fri5ds 9 ,engl& 0 !reby   
made increas+ly difficult4 ,p5n 0 arre/$
 ) o!rs1 & 9 prison await$ trial =      
sev]al mon?s4 ,! result 0 z be=e1--he 0 
f\nd 9 no (f5se4 ,b be=e a mon? _h      
pass$1 he le>n$ t ano!r w>rant 0 out    
aga9/ 8 lib]ty4 ,(fic]s w5t to take him 
at ! fun]al ( ,george ,fox1 b arriv$ too
 late4 ,by ?is "t he _h conclud$ t ! pa?
 ( prud5ce 0 t :i* l$ into a wise       
retirem5t4 ,he hid himself = ! space (  
?ree ye>s4 ,he 0 publicly proclaim$ a   
traitor1 & 0 depriv$ ( ! gov]nm5t ( 8   

colony4 ,he 0 hunt$ up & d[n1 he says1 &
 c\ld nev] be all[$ to live quietly 9   
city or c\ntry4  ,f9ally1 ! gov]nm5t 7  
p]suad$ ei!r t ,p5n 0 innoc5t1 or t no  
fur!r dang] 0 to be appreh5d$ f him1 &  
sev]al noblem51 int]c$+ ) ! k+1 procur$ 
8 p>don4 ,!y repres5t$ 8 case1 he says1 
z n only h>d1 b oppressive1 !re be+ no  
evid5ce b :at impo/ors1 or ^? t fl$1 or 
t h s9ce _! p>don refus$ to v]ify 7&    
ask$ me p>don = say+ :at !y did7 alleg$ 
aga9/ me4 ,! k+ ann\nc$ t ,p5n 0 8 old  
acqua9tance1 & t he might foll[ 8       
bus9ess z freely z ev]1 & t = 8 "p he _h
 no?+ to say to him4  ,?us aga91 & at   
la/1 ! political accusations aga9/      
,william ,p5n came to no?+4 ,he _h be5 9
 a h>d position z ! fai?ful fri5d ( a   
de?ron$ mon>* 9 a day :5 conspiracies 7 
be+ made on e h&4 ,t he %\ld h be5      
suspect$ ( treason 0 inevitable4 ,t 9 8 
unconceal$ affection = ,james &         
disapproval ( ,william he said imprud5t 
?+s is likely en\gh4 ,prud5ce 0 n "o ( 8
 virtues4 ,he 0 nev] calculat+ly c>eful 

( 8 own welf>e4 ,b t he 0 ev] untrue to 
,william1 or did any act1 or cons5t$ to 
any1 :i* c\ld reasonably be call$       
trea*]\s1 is n only q unprov$1 b is out 
( accord ) ! true ,william ,p5n z he is 
reveal$ 9 8 writ+s & 9 all 8 life4 ,!   
only fault :i* has be5 cle>ly e/abli%$  
aga9/ him is t ( lik+ ,james bett] ?an  
he lik$ ,william4 ,he 0 a /an* fri5d to 
8 fri5d2 t is ! sum ( 8 (f5d+1 :]e9 !   
only s]i\s regret is t 8 fri5d 0 n m    
wor?y ( 8 /eadfa/ & unselfi% fri5d%ip4  
,at no "t 9 8 life1 says ,mr4 ,fiske1   
does he seem m hone/1 brave1 & lovable1 
?an dur+ ! ye>s1 s full ( tr\ble = him1 
t int]v5$ betwe5 ! accession ( ,james & 
! accession ( ,anne4     ,,viii         
,,p5n',s ,,second ,,visit ,,to ,,!      
,,prov9ce3 ,,clos+ ,,ye>s   ,! ?\ghts ) 
:i* ,p5n's m9d 0 occupi$ dur+ ! ye>s (  
hid+ appe> 9 8 book1 ,"s ,fruits (      
,solitude4 ,rob]t ,l\is ,/ev5son f\nd a 
copy ( x 9 a book-%op 9 ,san ,francisco1
 & c>ri$ x 9 8 pocket _m days1 read+ x 9
 /reet-c>s & f]ry-boats4 ,he f\nd x1 he 

says1 9 all places a peaceful & sweet   
companion2 & he adds1 !re is n a man    
liv+1 no1 nor rec5tly dead1 t c\ld put1 
) s lovely a _s1 s mu* hone/1 k9d wisdom
 into words4  ,! au?or blesse? ,god = 8 
retirem5t1 s ! book beg9s1 & kisses !   
g5tle h& :i* l$ him into x2 = ?\gh x    
%\ld prove b>r5 to ! _w1 x c nev] d s to
 him4 ,he has n[ _h "s "t he c call 8   
own2 a prop]ty he 0 nev] s mu* ma/] (   
be=e2 9 :i* he has tak5 a view ( himself
 & ! _w1 & obs]v$ :]e9 he ha? hit &     
miss$ ! m>k4 ,& he v]ily ?9ks1 7 he to  
live 8 life ov] aga91 he c\ld n only1 ) 
,god's grace1 s]ve him1 b 8 neighbor &  
himself1 bett] ?an he ha? done1 & h sev5
 ye>s ( 8 life to sp>e4  ,gov]nm5t &    
,religion h ! longe/ *apt]s 9 ?is volume
 ( reflections1 z be+ ! matt]s 9 :i*    
,william 0 mo/ int]e/$4 ,happy t k+1 he 
says1 :o is great by ju/ice1 & t p :o   
are free by ob$i5ce4 ,:]e example keeps 
pace ) au?ority1 p[] h>dly fails to be  
obey$1 & magi/rates to be hon\r$4 ,let !
 p ?9k !y gov]n1 & !y w be gov]n$4      

,religion is ! fe> ( ,god1 & its        
demon/ration good works2 & fai? is !    
root ( bo?4 ,to be l ,*ri/1 !n1 is to be
 a ,*ri/ian4 ,"s folk ?9k !y may scold1 
rail1 hate1 rob1 & kill too3 s x be b = 
,god's sake4 ,b no?+ 9 u1 unlike him1 c 
please him4 ,s ! book goes1 page aft]   
page1 always s]i\s & s5sible1 full (    
simplicity & k9dl9ess1 *e]ful & bro!rly 
& unfail+ly religi\s4 ,x is ! "w ( "o :o
 is try+ 8 be/ to live = 8 bre?r5 & 9   
,*ri/'s _s4  ,ano!r significant writ+ ( 
?is p]iod is ,p5n's ,plan = ! ,peace (  
,europe4 ,! calamities ( ! w> !n 9      
progress on ! ,cont95t gave him argum5ts
 en\gh = ! desirabl5ess ( peace4 ,!     
means ( peace is ju/ice1 & ! means (    
ju/ice is gov]nm5t4 ,x is pla9 to all t 
a /ate :]e9 any private citiz5 might    
av5ge himself ^u 8 neighbor w\ld be a   
place ( confusion & di/ress4 ,= ?is     
cause !y h sessions1 t]ms1 assizes1 &   
p>liam5ts1 to ov]rule m5's passions &   
res5tm5ts1 t !y may n be judges 9 _! own
 cause1 nor puni%]s ( _! own wrongs4    

,p5n proposes t ! same relation betwe5  
peace & ju/ice :i* is en=c$ betwe5      
citiz5 & citiz5 be also en=c$ betwe5    
nation & nation4 ,n[1 he says1 if !     
sov]eign pr9ces ( ,europe 444 = love (  
peace & ord] w\ld agree to meet by _!   
/at$ deputies 9 a g5]al ,diet1 ,e/ates  
or ,p>liam5t & !re e/abli% rules (      
ju/ice = sov]eign pr9ces to obs]ve "o to
 ano!r2 & ?us to meet ye>ly1 or once 9  
two or ?ree ye>s at ! f>!/1 or z !y %all
 see cause1 & to be /il$1 ,! ,sov]eign  
or ,imp]ial ,diet1 ,p>liam5t or ,/ate ( 
,europe3 be=e :i* ,sov]eign ,assembly   
%\ld be br\ght all diff]5ces dep5d+     
betwe5 "o sov]eign & ano!r t _c be made 
up by private embassies be=e ! sessions 
beg92 & t if any ( ! sov]eignties t     
con/itute ^! imp]ial /ates %all refuse  
to submit _! claim or pret5sions to !m1 
or to abide & p]=m ! judgm5t !re( & seek
 _! rem$y by arms1 or delay _!          
compliance beyond ! "t prefixt 9 _!     
resolutions1 all ! o!r sov]eignties1    
unit$ z "o /r5g?1 %all compel !         

submission & p]=mance ( ! s5t5ce1 )     
damages to ! suff]+ p>ty1 & *>ges to !  
sov]eignties t oblig$ _! submission2 444
 peace w\ld be procur$ & cont9u$ 9      
,europe4 ,! pr9ciple ( int]national     
arbitration1 ! ,conf]5ce at ! ,hague1 & 
all l meet+s :i* %all be held h]eaft]1  
are ?us =e%ad[$4  ,^! two productions ( 
,p5n's season ( retirem5t--! ,fruits (  
,solitude1 & ! ,plan = ! ,peace (       
,europe--illu/rate aga9 ! two qualities 
:i* make him s+ul>ly em95t among !      
f\nd]s ( commonweal?s4 ,he 0 at once a  
philosoph] & a /atesman2 he 0 int]e/$   
alike 9 religion & 9 politics4 ,!re h   
be5 _m politicians to :om religion has  
be5 ( no conc]n4 ,!re h be5 _m religi\s 
p]sons 9 high positions :o h be5 s %ut 9
 by *ur* walls t !y h be5 incapable ( a 
wid] outlook2 !y h accord+ly be5 n>r[1  
prejudic$1 & (t5 unpractical p2 !y h be5
 bl9d to ! elem5tal social fact (       
diff]5ce2 !y h hat$ ! ?\ght ( tol]ation4
 ,p5n 0 almo/ alone among ! good m5 (   
our era ( colonization 9 be+ at ! same  

"t a man ( ! _w & a man ( ! o!r _w4     
,p5n came out ( 8 exile 9 #afic burd5$ )
 mis=tune4 ,he _h be5 depriv$ ( 8       
gov]nm5t2 he 0 sadly 9 debt2 he _h lo/  
_m ( 8 fri5ds4 ,8 coloni/s 9            
,p5nsylvania decl9$ to l5d him money4 ,8
 bre?r5 9 ,engl& drew up a confession ( 
wrong-do+ = him to sign3 ,if 9 any ?+s  
dur+ ^? late revolutions ,i h conc]n$   
myself ei!r by words or writ+s1 9 love1 
pity or good w to any 9 di/ress mean+ ! 
k+ fur!r ?an consi/$ ) ,tru?'s honor or 
! ,*ur*'s peace1 ,i am sorry = x4 ,b he 
w\ld n sign4 ,to ^! tr\bles 0 add$ a    
great] grief 9 ! dea? ( 8 wife4 ,an     
excell5t wife & "m1 he said ( h]1 an    
entire & con/ant fri5d1 ( a m ?an common
 capacity1 & great] mode/y & humility2  
yet mo/ equal & undaunt$ 9 dang]4 ,a    
brave s\l1 no d\bt1 z befitt$ h]        
p>5tage1 & ( a dev\t & consecrat$ _s4   
,b ,william 0 ev] ( a s]5e & *e]ful     
disposition4 ,nei!r loss1 nor           
disappo9tm5t1 nor b]eavem5t c\ld %ut out
 ! sun4 ,8 religi\s fai? /r5g!n$ him4   

,we mu/ ne$s disord] ourselves1 he _h   
writt5 9 8 ,fruits ( ,solitude1 if we   
only look at our losses4 ,b if we       
consid] h[ little we des]ve :at is left1
 our passions w cool1 & our murmurs w   
turn into ?ankfulness4 ,?\gh our        
,savi\r's passion is ov]1 8 compassion  
is n4 ,t nev] fails 8 humble1 s9c]e     
disciples2 9 him !y f9d m ?an all t !y  
lose 9 ! _w4  ,dur+ ! six ye>s :i*      
foll[$1 ?is /rong confid5ce 0 ju/ifi$4  
,he rega9$ 8 gov]nm5t & 8 good "n4 ,he  
also m>ri$ a second wife1 ,hannah       
,call[hill1 a /rong1 s5sible1 & e/imable
 ,quak] lady ( "s means1 liv+ 9 ,bri/ol4
  ,! only satisfactory in=mation z to ! 
p]sonal appe>ance ( ,p5n 9 mature life  
is t :i* is giv5 by ,sylvanus ,bevan4   
,bevan 0 a ,quak] apo!c>y 9 ,london1 :o 
_h a rem>kable gift = c>v+ portraits 9  
ivory4 ,aft] ,p5n's dea?1 he made su* a 
portrait ( him f memory4 ,! m5 :o _h    
kn[n ,william lik$ x greatly4 ,"l       
,cobham1 to :om ,bevan s5t x1 said1 ,x  
is ,william ,p5n himself4 ,x repres5ts  

him 9 a curl$ wig1 ) full *eeks & a     
d\ble *9--a pleasant1 ma/]ful1 & s]i\s  
p]son4 ,cl>kson says t 9 8 attire he 0 v
 neat1 ?\gh pla94 ,p5n advis$ 8 *ildr5  
to *oose clo!s nei!r un%apely nor       
fanta/ical2 & he illu/rat$ to ,k+ ,james
 ! diff]5ce betwe5 ! ,roman ,ca?olic & !
 ,quak] religions by ! diff]5ce betwe5 8
 hat & ! k+'s4 ,! only diff]5ce1 he     
said1 lies 9 ! ornam5ts t h be5 add$ to 
?9e4 ,8 dress 0 probably t :i* 0 common 
to g5tlem5 9 8 day1 b )\t extremes (    
color or adornm5t4 ,= "s "t aft] becom+ 
a ,quak] he wore 8 sword1 hav+ consult$ 
,fox1 :o said1 ,i advise !e to we> x z  
long z ?\ can/4 ,pres5tly ,fox1 see+ him
 )\t x1 said1 ,william1 :]e is ?y sword8
 ,to :i* ,p5n repli$1 ,i h tak5 ?y      
advice3 ,i wore x z long z ,i c\ld4  ,! 
sob] *e]fulness ( ,p5n's attire comport$
 well ) 8 conv]sation4 ,x is true t     
,bi%op ,burnet1 :o did n l him1 says t  
he _h a t$i\s1 lusci\s way ( talk+1 n   
apt to ov]come a man's reason1 ?\gh x   
might tire 8 pati5ce4 ,b ,dean ,swift   

enjoy$ him1 & te/ifi$ t he talk$ v      
agreeably & ) great _s4 ,! ,fri5ds (    
,read+ ,meet+ ev5 not$ t he 0 faceti\s 9
 conv]sation1 & !re is a tradition ( a  
v5]able ,fri5d :o spoke ( him z hav+    
naturally an excess ( levity ( _s = a   
grave m9i/]4 ,a h&some1 graceful1 & ev5 
a m]ry g5tleman x 0 :o m>ri$ ,hannah    
,call[hill4  ,= a "t he devot$ himself  
aga9 to ! "w ( ! m9i/ry4 ,he w5t ab\t1 z
 9 =m] days1 prea*+1 sometimes 9 !      
m>ket-hall1 sometimes 9 ! fields4 ,once1
 9 ,irel&1 ! bi%op s5t an (fic] to      
disp]se ! meet+1 compla9+ t ,p5n _h left
 him nobody to prea* to b ! mayor1      
*ur*-w>d5s1 a few ( ! con/ables1 & ! b>e
 walls4  ,8 he>t1 h[ev]1 0 9 8 prov9ce4 
,! affairs ( ,p5nsylvania _h be5 go+    
badly4 ,!re _h be5 a hot cont5tion      
betwe5 ! c\ncil & ! assembly1 & ano!r   
betwe5 ! prov9ce & ! t]ritory4 ,!       
(ficials1 too1 :om ,p5n _h appo9t$1 _h  
qu>rel$ among !mselves4 ,william        
compla9$ t !y 7 excessively gov]nm5ti%2 
mean+ t !y lik$ au?ority & t !y took    

details v s]i\sly4 ,! situation1 h[ev]1 
0 inevitably difficult4 ,9 8 relation to
 ! k+1 ! gov]nor 0 a feudal sov]eign2 9 
8 relation to ! p he 01 by ,p5n's       
arrangem5t1 ! executive ( a democracy4  
,p5n himself reconcil$ ! two positions  
by 8 own tact & unselfi%ness1 z well z  
by a c]ta9 ma/]fulness to :i* ^? ab\t   
him in/9ctively & will+ly yield$4 ,he   
prov$ ! motto ( 8 book-plate1 ,dum      
,clavum ,t5eam2 all w5t well :ile he ) 8
 own h&s held ! helm4 ,b 8 deputies 7 n 
s compet5t4 ,! colony fell into two     
p>ties1 ! propriet>y & ! popul>1        
repres5t+ ^! two ideas4 ,!n ! gov]nor   
:om ! k+ _h appo9t$ dur+ ,p5n's         
retirem5t 0 a soldi]1 & 8 un-,quak]like 
notions z to ! "r conduct ( a colony    
br\ght a new elem5t ( confusion into    
affairs :i* 7 already suffici5tly       
conf\nd$4  ,at la/1 9 #afii1 x became   
possible = ! f\nd] to make ano!r visit  
to 8 prov9ce4 ,he br\ght 8 family ) him1
 evid5tly int5d+ to /ay4 ,philadelphia 0
 n[ a city ( "s sev5 hundr$ h\ses1 & _h 

ne>ly sev5 ?\s& inhabitants4 ,! p 7 at t
 mom5t 9 deep depression1 hav+ j be5    
visit$ ) a plague ( yell[ fev]4 ,!      
pe/il5ce1 h[ev]1 _h abat$1 & ,p5n 0     
receiv$ ) sob] rejoic+s4 ,he took up 8  
resid5ce 9 ! slate-ro( h\se1 a mode/    
mansion :i* /ood on ! corn] ( ,second   
,/reet & ,norris ,alley2 x 0 pull$ d[n 9
 #ahfg4  ,n[ began a season ( good      
gov]nm5t4 ,! bus9ess ( piracy _h = "s "t
 be5 m]rily c>ri$ on by v>i\s ent]pris+ 
p]sons1 "s ( :om liv$ v respectably 9   
,philadelphia4 ,william put a /op to x4 
,! import+ ( slaves f ,africa 0 at t "t 
consid]$ by mo/ p]sons to be a good ?+  
bo? = ! plant]s & = ! slaves4 ,already1 
h[ev]1 at ! ,p5nsylvania ye>ly meet+ (  
,fri5ds 9 #afhh1 "s :o came f ,krie%eim1
 9 ,g]many1 _h prote/$ aga9/ x1     ,:o 
fir/ ( all _! te/imonial gave    ,aga9/ 
! oppressor1 = ! outca/ slave4  ,&1 9   
consequ5ce1 ?\gh slaves 7 /ill import$1 
!y 7 humanely treat$4 ,p5n int]e/$      
himself 9 ! improvem5t ( _! condition4  
,he 0 also conc]n$ 9 ! progress ( !     

prison re=ms :i* he _h propos$ 9 !      
orig9al e/abli%m5t ( ! colony4 ,he      
employ$ a wat*man to cry ! news1 !      
wea!r1 & ! "t ( day 9 ! ,philadelphia   
/reets4 ,reg>d+ ! ,con/itution1 ab\t :i*
 !re _h be5 s mu* cont5tion1 he address$
 ! c\ncil & ! assembly 9 t]ms (         
*>act]i/ic fri5dl9ess4 ,fri5ds1 he said1
 if 9 ! ,con/itution by *>t] !re be     
any?+ t j>s1 alt] x4 ,if y want a law = 
?is or t1 prep>e x4 ,he advis$ !m1      
h[ev]1 n to trifle ) gov]nm5t1 & wi%$   
!re 7 no ne$ to h any gov]nm5t at all4  
,9 g5]al1 he said1 ! few] laws1 ! bett]4
 ,! result 0 a new ,con/itution4 ,x     
provid$ t ! c\ncil %\ld be appo9t$ by ! 
gov]nor1 & t ! assembly %\ld h ! "r to  
orig9ate laws4 ,x 0 m simple & workable 
?an ! previ\s legislation1 & la/$ until 
! ,revolution4  ,mean:ile1 ,p5n 0       
j\rney+ ab\t ! c\ntry 9 8 old way1      
prea*+4 ,at ,m]ion1 a small boy ( !     
family :]e he 0 ent]ta9$1 be+ mu*       
impress$ ) ! great man's looks & spee*1 
peep$ ?r\gh ! lat*et-hole ( 8 *amb]     

door1 & bo? saw & he>d him at 8 pray]s4 
,ne> ,hav]=d1 a small girl1 walk+ along 
! c\ntry road1 0 ov]tak5 by ! gov]nor1  
:o took h] up beh9d him on 8 horse1 & s 
c>ri$ h] on h] way1 h] b>e feet dangl+  
by ! horse's side4  ,cl>kson1 ! *ief ( !
 biograph]s ( ,p5n1 :o collect$ ^! & o!r
 incid5ts1 gives u a glimpse ( him z he 
appe>$ at ?is "t at ,quak] meet+s4 ,he 0
 ( su* humility t he us$ g5]ally to sit 
at ! l[e/ end ( ! space allott$ to      
m9i/]s1 always tak+ c>e to place above  
himself poor m9i/]s1 & ^? :o appe>$ to  
him to be peculi>ly gift$4 ,he lik$ to  
enc\rage "y m5 to speak4 ,:5 he himself 
spoke1 x 0 9 ! simple/ words1 easy to be
 und]/ood1 & ) _m homely illu/rations4  
,at ! same "t1 on /ate occasions1 z !   
proprietor ( ,p5nsylvania &             
repres5tative ( ! sov]eign1 he us$ "s   
c]emony1 m>*+ ?r\gh ! ,philadelphia     
/reets to ! op5+ ( ! assembly ) a       
mace-be>] be=e him1 & hav+ an (fic] /&+ 
at 8 gate on audi5ce days1 ) a long /aff
 tipp$ ) silv]4 ,acqua9t$ ) affairs1 & )

 a k ( ! relations betwe5 gov]nm5t &    
human nature drawn f a wide exp]i5ce1 he
 knew ! di/9ction1 at :i* "s ( 8 ,quak] 
bre?r5 /umbl$1 betwe5 p]sonal humility &
 ! prop] dignity ( (ficial /ation4  ,9 !
 int]vals left him by ! dem&s ( *ur* &  
/ate1 he busi$ himself ) ! improvem5t ( 
8 place at ,p5nsbury4 ,"h he _h a       
consid]able h\se 9 ! mid/ ( pleasant    
g>d5s4 ,he took great pleasure 9 p]sonal
 sup]9t5d5ce ( ! gr\nds & build+s1      
plant+ v9es & cutt+ vi/as ?r\gh ! trees4
 ,! c\ntry is to be pref]r$1 he wrote 9 
,fruits ( ,solitude4 ,! c\ntry is bo? ! 
philosoph]'s g>d5 & libr>y1 9 :i* he    
reads & contemplates ! p[]1 wisdom1 &   
goodness ( ,god4 ,! k & improvem5t ( x1 
he decl>$1 is man's olde/ bus9ess &     
trade1 & ! be/ he c be (4  ,)9 7 silv]  
plate & sat9 curta9s1 & embroid]$ *airs 
& c\*es4 ,! proprietor's b$ 0 cov]$ ) a 
quilt ( :ite ,holl& quilt$ 9 gre5 silk  
by ,letitia1 8 daught]4 ,s5d up1 he     
writes to ,james ,logan1 at             
,philadelphia1 our great /ewpan & cov]1 

& little s\p di%1 & two or ?ree p\nds ( 
c(fee if sold 9 t[n1 & ?ree p\nds (     
wicks ready = c&les4 ,mrs4 ,p5n asks    
,logan to provide c&le/icks1 & great    
c&les1 "s gre5 ones1 & pewt] & e>!n     
bas9s1 mops1 salts1 look+-glass1 a piece
 ( dri$ beef1 & a firk9 or two ( good   
butt]4  ,p5n rode a l>ge :ite horse1 &  
_h a coa*1 ) a black man to drive x1 & a
 rattl+ lea!rn conv5i5cy1 probably      
small]1 & a s$an *air = ,mrs4 ,p5n4 ,9 !
 riv] lay ! b>ge1 ( :i* ,william 0 s    
fond t he wrote f ,engl& to *>ge t x be 
c>efully look$ aft]4 ,somebody express$ 
surprise "o day :5 ,p5n w5t out 9 x     
aga9/ w9d & tide4 ,i h be5 sail+ all my 
life aga9/ w9d & tide1 he said4  ,mu* ( 
! "w ( ! e/ate 0 done by slaves4 ,! fact
 tr\bl$ ! proprietor's consci5ce4 ,he   
laid x ^u 8 own s\l1 z he did ^u ! s\ls 
( 8 bre?r5 9 ! colony1 to be v c>eful 9 
dis*>g+ a good consci5ce t[>ds !m 9 all 
respects1 b m especially = ! good ( _!  
s\ls1 t !y might1 z frequ5t z may be1   
come to meet+ on fir/-days4 ,a special  

meet+ 0 appo9t$ = slaves once a mon?1 & 
_! ma/]s 7 expect$ to come ) !m4        
,f9ally1 ,p5n lib]at$ all 8 slaves4 ,9 8
 w ( #agja1 ,i give1 he says1 to my     
blacks _! fre$om1 z is "u my h& already1
 & to old ,sam #ajj acres1 to be 8      
*ildr5's aft] he & 8 wife are dead1     
=ev]4  ,! ,p5nsbury h\se _h a great hall
 9 ! mid/1 :]e ! gov]nor 9 an oak       
arm*air receiv$ 8 neighbors1 ! ,indians4
 ,"h !y came1 9 pa9t &                  
fea!rs1--,connoondaghtoh1 k+ ( !        
,susquehannah ,indians2 ,wopa??a1 k+ ( !
 ,%awanese2 ,weew9j\gh1 *ief ( !        
,ganawese2 & ,ahookassong1 bro!r ( !    
emp]or ( ! five nations2 & _m o!r humbl]
 braves4 ,john ,ri*>dson1 a ,york%ire   
,quak]1 visit$ ,p5n at ,p5nsbury & saw  
!m4 ,william gave !m mat*-coats1 he     
says1 & "s o!r ?+s1 includ+ a reasonable
 supply ( rum1 :i* ! *iefs disp5s$ to ! 
w>riors sev]ally 9 small portions3 ,s !y
 came quietly1 & 9 a solid mann]1 & took
 _! draws4 ,he did n smoke1 a fact :i* !
 ,indians mu/ h not$ z a curi\s         

ecc5tricity4 ,!n !y made a small fire   
out ( doors1 & ! m5 sat ab\t x 9 a r+1  
s++ a v melodi\s hymn1 beat+ ! gr\nd    
betwe5 ! v]ses ) %ort /icks1 &1 aft] a  
circl+ dance1 dep>t$4 ,p5n got on mo/   
happily ) ! ,indians4 ,! peaceful       
,quak]s w5t ab\t un>m$ & 7 nev] 9 dang]4
 ,! only disord]ly folk !reab\t 7 :ite  
m54  ,9 ! mid/ ( ^! rural joys1 news    
came t a movem5t 0 on foot to put an end
 to propriet>y gov]nm5ts1 !reby br++ all
 colonies "u ! imm$iate control ( !     
cr[n4 ,p5n felt t x 0 necess>y = him to 
return to ,engl& to block ?is inconv5i5t
 legislation4 ,on ! #bh? ( ,octob]1 he  
assembl$ ! citiz5s ( ,philadelphia1 &   
pres5t$ !m ) a *>t] = _! city4 ,9 !     
,fri5ds' meet+1 he said t he look$ ov]  
all infirmities & outw>ds1 & _h an eye  
to ! regions ( ! _s1 :]e9 0 our sweete/ 
tie4 ,!n1 says ,norris1 9 true love he  
took 8 leave ( u4 ,?us1 aft] two ye>s   
:]e9 peace & quietness prevail$ ov] all 
misund]/&+ & opposition1 he set sail 9  
#agja1 & nev] saw ,p5nsylvania aga94  ,8

 h\se at ,p5nsbury fell into ru9s1--due 
9 l>ge "p to ! leakage ( a lead5        
res]voir on ! ro(1--& 0 tak5 d[n be=e ! 
,revolution4 ,! furniture 0 gradually   
disp]s$4 ,= "s ye>s x 0 deem$ a k9d (   
pi\s /eal?1 among ^? :o 7 mo/ loyal to !
 proprietor1 to c>ry away some?+ out ( !
 h\se :5 !y *anc$ to visit its empty    
halls4 ,"o g5tleman rejoic$ 9 !         
possession ( ! mantelpiece2 ano!r _h a  
pair ( ,p5n's plu% bree*es4  ,william   
,p5n's f\r ye>s ( actual resid5ce gave  
him all ! satisfaction :i* he ev] got f 
8 colonial possessions4 ,all else 0     
worry1 labor1 & exp5se4 ,! prov9ce 0 a  
sore f9ancial burd54 ,z proprietor he 0 
*>g$ ) ! paym5t1 9 l>ge "p1 ( ! exp5ses 
( gov]nm5t4 ,! returns f r5ts & sales 7 
sl[ & unc]ta94 ,! taxes on imports &    
exports1 to :i* he _h a *>t] "r1 he _h  
g5]\sly decl9$4 ,:5 he ask$ ! assembly1 
9 remembrance ( t lib]ality1 to s5d him 
money 9 8 f9ancial /raits1 !y 7 n m9d$  
to respond4 ,p5n belong$ to t high      
frat]nity ( noble s\ls :o d n "k h[ to  

make b>ga9s4 ,8 impulses 7 g5]\s to a   
fault1 & he _h an inv9cible confid5ce t 
8 neighbors w\ld deal ) him 9 ! same _s4
 ,! consequ5ce 0 t ye> by ye> ! exp5ses 
grew1 & !re 0 b a sl5d] income4 ,o      
,p5nsylvania1 he cries1 :at ha/ ?\ co/  
me8 ,above ?irty ?\s& p\nds m ?an ,i ev]
 got by x2 two haz>d\s & mo/ fatigu+    
voyages1 my /raits & slav]y "h1 & my    
*ild's s\l1 almo/4  ,! la/ allusion is  
to ,guli's son1 ,william1 ^: dissipation
 ,p5n always attribut$ to a lack (      
fa!rly c>e dur+ 8 fir/ visit to !       
prov9ce4 ,p5n f9ally s5t ! boy to       
,p5nsbury1 hop+ t ! quiet1 ! abs5ce (   
temptation1 & ! :olesome joys ( a c\ntry
 life1 might am5d him4 ,b ,william w5t f
 bad to worse1 0 arre/$ 9 ,philadelphia 
9 a tav]n brawl1 0 =mally excommunicat$ 
by ! ,quak]s1 & came home to ,engl& to  
give 8 fa!r fur!r pa94  ,to ! f9ancial  
burd5s ( ! prov9ce 7 add$ ! difficulties
 ( gov]nm5t4 ,p5n succe$$ v well 9 keep+
 8 colony1--he def5d$ 8 b\nd>ies aga9/  
,"l ,baltimore1 & he defeat$ ^? :o w\ld 

h tak5 away 8 rule & giv5 x to ! k+2 b !
 gov]n+ ( ! colony across ?ree ?\s&     
miles ( sea 0 ano!r matt]4 ,! mom5t he  
)drew ! re/ra9+ influ5ce ( 8 p]sonal    
pres5ce1 all mann] ( cont5tions came    
into ! light ( day4  ,! "q ( ! prud5ce (
 be>+ arms 0 vigor\sly debat$4 ,james   
,logan1 secret>y ( ! prov9ce1 & ,p5n's  
able/ c\nselor1 urg$ ! ne$ ( milit>y    
def5ses4 ,cons]vative ,fri5ds oppos$ x4 
,*ur*m5 _h be5 settl+ 9 ! prov9ce4 ,"o (
 ,william's olde/ fri5ds1 ,george ,kei?1
 :o _h accompani$ him on 8 religi\s     
mission to ,holl&1 _h gone into !       
,episcopal m9i/ry4 ,logan says1 9 a     
lett] to ,p5n1 t n suff]+ !m to be      
sup]ior 0 acc\nt$ by ! *ur*m5 z !       
equival5t ( p]secution4  ,colonel       
,qu>ry1 a judge ( ! admiralty1 appo9t$  
by ! ,briti% gov]nm5t to en=ce !        
navigation laws 9 ! colony1 0           
responsible to ! ,bo>d ( ,trade 9       
,london1 & indep5d5t ( ! gov]nor & ( !  
assembly4 ,he ex]cis$ 8 (fice ( critic &
 c5sor to ! annoyance ( ,p5n4  ,to ^!   

v>i\s s\rces ( tr\ble 0 add$ an un5d+   
/rife betwe5 ! gov]nor's deputy & ! p4  
,p5n's habit ( look+ always on ! be/    
side made him a bad judge ( m51 & !     
deputies :om he s5t 7 few ( !m compet5t2
 "s 7 n ev5 respectable4 ,p5n1 ) 8      
*>act]i/ic inv9cible bl9dness1 took _!  
"p4  ,f9ally1 ! disputations1 prote/s1 &
 compla9ts1 ) direct attacks ^u ,p5n's  
int]e/s1 & ev5 ^u 8 "*1 got to su* a    
pass t he address$ a lett] (            
expo/ulation to ! p4 ,:5 x pleas$ ,god  
to op5 a way = me to settle t colony1 he
 wrote1 ,i _h reason to expect a solid  
com=t f ! s]vices done to _m hundr$s (  
p4444 ,b1 alas6 z to my "p1 in/ead (    
reap+ ! l advantages1 "s ( ! greate/ (  
my tr\bles h sprung f !nce4 ,! _m       
combats ,i h engag$ 91 ! great pa9s &   
incr$ible exp5se = y\r welf>e & ease1 to
 ! decay ( my =m] e/ate 444 ) ! undes]v$
 opposition ,i h met ) f !nce1 s9k into 
me ) sorr[1 t1 if n support$ by a       
sup]ior h&1 might h ov]:elm$ me long    
ago4 ,& ,i _c b ?9k x h>d measure1 t1   

:ile x has prov$ a l& ( fre$om &        
fl\ri%+1 x %\ld become to me1 by ^:     
means x 0 pr9cipally made a c\ntry1 !   
cause ( grief1 tr\ble1 & pov]ty4  ,s    
heavy 0 ! f9ancial burd51 & s vexati\s &
 di%e>t5+ ! bick]+ & +ratitude1 t ,p5n  
?\ght s]i\sly ( sell+ 8 gov]nor%ip2 & x 
0 9 ! m>ket = sev]al ye>s await+ a      
pur*as]4 ,inde$1 9 #agab1 he _h s f>    
p]fect$ a b>ga9 to transf] 8 propriet>y 
rights to ! cr[n = #ab1jjj1 t no?+      
rema9$ to be done save ! affix+ ( 8     
signature4 ,be=e 8 "n 0 sign$1 he fell  
sudd5ly ill1 & ! transaction w5t no     
f>!r4  ,9 ! mid/ ( ^! _m tr\bles1 9     
!mselves s]i\s en\gh1 !re came ano!r4   
,p5n's bus9ess manag] = 8 e/ates 9      
,engl& & ,irel& 0 ,philip ,=d4 ,= a long
 "t1 ,=d's paym5ts _h be5 less & less2  
,p5n 0 cont9ually compla9+ t he got s   
little f 8 prop]ty4 ,/ill1 ,=d's acc\nts
 w5t )\t exam9ation1 & "s ( 8 f9ancial  
reports 7 n s mu* z op5$4 ,william _h 8 
cu/om>y confid5ce 9 8 ag5t's hone/y4 ,at
 la/1 :5 ?+s got s bad t some?+ _h to be

 done1 x appe>$ by ,=d's books t1 in/ead
 ( ,=d's be+ 9 debt to ,p5n1 ,p5n 0 9   
debt to him = m ?an t5 ?\s& p\nds4 ,?is 
0 ! result ( long1 +5i\s1 & unmole/$    
bookkeep+4 ,& ,p5n _h made himself      
liable by 8 c>eless sil5ce4 ,!n ,=d di$1
 & 8 wid[ & *ildr5 claim$ ev]y?+ :i*    
/ood 9 ,p5n's "n4 ,p5n1 x appe>$1 _h    
borr[$ money ( ,=d1 & _h giv5 him a     
mortgage on 8 ,p5nsylvania e/ates z     
security4 ,:5 ! loan 0 paid1 ! mortgage 
_h n be5 return$4 ,n only did ,mrs4 ,=d 
reta9 x1 b %e su$ ,p5n = ?ree ?\s& p\nds
 r5t1 :i* 0 due1 %e said1 f ! prop]ty ( 
:i* ,william 0 once own]1 b :i* he n[   
held z t5ant ( ! ,=ds4 ,s f> 0 ?is      
iniquit\s bus9ess pursu$1 t ,p5n 0      
arre/$ z he 0 at a religi\s meet+ 9     
,grace*ur* ,/reet1 & 0 imprison$ = debt 
9 ! ,fleet1 or its prec9cts4  ,?is 0 !  
turn 9 ! tide4 ,ev]ybody disapprov$ (   
treatm5t s unju/ & extortionate4        
,william's fri5ds rais$ money1 & made a 
compromise ) ! ,=ds1 & got him free4 ,9 
,p5nsylvania1 too1 ! cont5tions 7 quiet$

 by a good gov]nor4 ,& z ! w>s came to  
an end1 trade s increas$ t ! prov9ce    
pres5tly yield$ a sub/antial income4    
,p5n retir$ to ,ruscombe1 9 ,b]k%ire1 9 
! pleasant c\ntry4 ,"h he _h 8 family   
ab\t him4 ,he 0 n[ a gr&fa!r1 8 son     
,william hav+ a son & a daught]4 ,s t n[
 we are major1 m9or1 & m9imus4 ,i bless 
! ,"l m9e are pretty well1--,johnny     
lively2 ,tommy a lovely1 l>ge *ild2 & my
 gr&son1 ,spr+ett1 a m]e ,s>ac52 8 si/]1
 a beauty4 ,( 8 second m>riage !re 7 six
 *ildr51 f\r ( :om--,john1 ,?omas1      
,m>g>et1 & ,ri*>d--became proprietors ( 
,p5nsylvania4 ,?omas _h two sons1 ,john 
& ,granville2 ,ri*>d _h two1 ,john &    
,ri*>d4 ,:5 ! propriet>y gov]nm5t end$1 
9 #aggf1 x 0 9 ! h&s ( ! heirs (        
,william ,p5n4  ,9 #agaa1 ,p5n wrote a  
preface to ,john ,banks's ,j\rnal1      
dictat+ x1 z 8 cu/om 01 walk+ to & fro )
 8 cane 9 8 h&1 ?ump+ ! floor to m>k !  
emphasis4 ,n[ read]1 he concludes1 be=e 
,i take leave ( !e1 let me advise !e to 
hold ?y religion 9 ! _s1 :e!r ?\ praye/1

 praise/ or m9i/]e/ to o!rs1 444 :i*1 t 
all ,god's p may d1 is1 & ha? long be5 !
 e>ne/ desire & f]v5t supplication (    
!irs & ?y fai?ful fri5d 9 ! ,"l ,jesus  
,*ri/1 ,w4 ,,p5n4 ,?is is ! la/ ^w ( 8  
writ+ :i* rema9s4  ,! next ye> he _h a  
p>alytic /roke1 & ano!r1 & ano!r4 ,?is  
impair$ 8 memory & 8 m9d4 ,?us he       
cont9u$ = six ye>s1 z happily z 0       
possible "u ! circum/ances4 ,he w5t (t5 
to meet+1 :]e he frequ5tly spoke1       
briefly1 b ) s\nd & savory expressions4 
,he walk$ ab\t 8 g>d5s1 saw 8 fri5ds1 & 
delight$ 9 ! company ( 8 wife & *ildr54 
,ea* ye> left him weak] ?an ! ye> be=e2 
b 8 days 7 fill$ ) s]5ity4 ,he 0        
surr\nd$ ) all ! com=ts :i* a g5]\s     
income1 an affectionate family1 !       
respect ( 8 neighbors1 & ! approval (   
,god1 c\ld give him4  ,he t lives to    
live =ev]1 he _h writt5 9 8 ,fruits (   
,solitude1 nev] fe>s dy+4 ,nor c ! means
 be t]rible to him1 t he>tily believes !
 end4 ,= ?\gh dea? be a d>k passage1 x  
leads to immortality2 & t is recomp5se  

en\gh = suff]+ ( x4444 ,& ?is is ! com=t
 ( ! good1 t ! grave _c hold !m1 & t !y 
live z soon z !y die4  ,into ! fullness 
( ?is life he ent]$ on ! #cj? ( ,july1  
#agah1 be+ sev5ty-f\r ye>s old4     ,!  
*ief au?orities = facts conc]n+ ,william
 ,p5n are--        #a4 ,! ,select ,works
 ( ,william ,p5n 7,london1 #agbf2 #c;d  
edition1      #aghb2 #e vols74 ,:]e(1 ,!
 ,trial ( ,william ,p5n & ,william ,mead
      7vol i471 ,travels 9 ,holl& &     
,g]many 7vol4 iii471 & ,a ,g5]al        
,description ( ,p5nsylvania 7vol4 iv47  
conta9 autobiographical      matt]4 ,"s 
,fruits ( ,solitude & ,p5n's ,advice to 
8 ,*ildr5      7vol4 v47 are simil>ly   
valuable4       #b4 ,! ,life ( ,p5n     
prefix$ to 8 ,works1 by ,joseph ,besse1 
a      ,quak] contempor>y 7#agbf74      
#c4 ,memoirs ( ! ,private & ,public     
,life ( ,william ,p5n1 by      ,?omas   
,cl>kson 7,london1 #ahac74       #d4 ,! 
,p5nsylvania ,hi/orical ,society        
,memoirs 7vols4 i41 ii41      iii474    
,also ! ,correspond5ce betwe5 ,william  

,p5n & ,james      ,logan1 edit$ = ?is  
,society1 by ,edw>d ,arm/rong4       #e4
 ,! ,p5ns & ! ,p5n+tons1 by ,m>ia ,webb 
7,london1 #ahfg71      conta9+ family   
lett]s4       #f4 ,rec5t biographies (  
,p5n3 by ,william ,hepwor? ,dixon       
7#ahea71 by      ,samuel ,m4 ,janney    
7#aheb71 by ,john ,/\ghton 7#ahhb71 by  
,sydney ,george      ,fi%] 7#aijj74     
,! ,riv]side ,press    ,electrotyp$ &   
pr9t$ by ,h4 ,o4 ,h\ghton  ,co4         
,cambridge1 ,mass41 ,u4 ,s4 ,a4         
99       99       99       99       99  
,transcrib]'s note   ,! foll[+ *anges h 
be5 made to ! text3  ,9 ! ,,toc #eh     
*ang$ to #ec4  ,page #bc3 sev5tee5?     
*ang$ to sev5te5?4  ,page #db3 ,quak]   
bre!n *ang$ to ,quak] bre?r54  ,page    
#di3 di$ :5 he *ang$ to di$ :5 %e4      
,page #eg3 s]i\s inprisonm5t *ang$ to   
s]i\s imprisonm5t4  ,page #fb3 body     
prev5t$ *ang$ to body prev5t$ x4