mat]ial f ! ,google ,pr9t project47     
,illu/ration3 ,,rev4 ,w4 ,g4 ,,br[nl[4  
,,am]icanism ,,contra/$  ,,)  ,=eignism1
 ,romanism1 & ,bogus ,democracy1  ,,9   
,,! ,,light ,,(  ,,reason1 ,,hi/ory1 ,,&
 ,,scripture2  ,,9 ,,:i*  ,,c]ta9       
,,demagogues ,,9 ,,t5nessee1 ,,&        
,,else:]e1 ,,are ,,%[n ,,up ,,9 ,,_!    
,,true ,,colors4  ,,by  ,,william ,g4   
,,br[nl[1  ,,editor ,,( ,,br[nl[',s     
,,knoxville ,,:ig4          ----,g to   
y\r bloody rites aga93                  
,prea*--p]petuate damnation 9 y\r d52   
,!n let y\r alt>s1 ye blasphem]s1 peal  
,) ?anks to ,heav51 t let y loose aga91 
,to practice de$s ) tortur+ fire & /eel1
     ,no eye may se>*1 no tongue may    
*all5ge or reveal6              ,,?omas 
,,campbell4  ,na%ville1 ,t5n43 ,,publi%$
 ,,= ,,! ,,au?or4 #ahef4  ,,ent]$1      
accord+ to ,act ( ,congress1 9 ! ye>    
#ahef1 by ,,william ,g4 ,,br[nl[1 ,9 !  
,cl]k's (fice ( ! ,di/rict ,c\rt = !    
,middle ,di/rict ( ,t5nessee4           
,d$ication4   ,,to ,,! ,,"y ,,m5 ,,(    

,,am]ica4  ,,"y ,,g5tlem53--,almighty   
,god has conf]r$ on y ! peculi> honor & 
! em95t responsibility ( pres]v+ &      
p]petuat+ ! lib]ties ( ?is c\ntry1 bo?  
civil & religi\s4 ,t ! ,am]ican p are on
 ! eve ( an ev5tful p]iod1 w n be d\bt$ 
by any sane man1 :o c disc]n ! signs ( !
 times4 ,inde$1 x is an e-day rem>k1 t1 
z a nation1 we are 9 ! mid/ ( a crisis4 
,if1 h[ev]1 a crisis ev] did exi/ 9 !   
affairs ( ?is ,nation1 s9ce its         
indep5d5ce 0 fir/ a*iev$1 :i* call$ ^u !
 ,,native ,,& ,,legal ,,vot]s ( ! c\ntry
 to wat* ) sleepless vigilance ov] _!   
blood-b\ght lib]ties1 t crisis mu/ be   
dat$ 9 ! ye> ( our ,"l1 ,,"o ,,?\s&     
,,eight ,,hundr$ ,,& ,,fifty-,,six6 ,!  
great ,commonweal? ( ,humanity1 9 behalf
 ( ! mom5t\s int]e/s ( ,tru?1 ,lib]ty1 &
 ,religion1 calls ^u ! pres5t g5]ation (
 ,,"y ,,m51 :o w h ! issues ( a com+    
revolution to meet1 to qualify !mselves 
= ! task4  ,!re nev] 0 a "t kn[n1 s9ce !
 d>k days ( ! ,revolution1 :5 ! civil & 
religi\s lib]ties ( ?is c\ntry 7 s mu*  

endang]$ z at ! pres5t "t4 ,?is dang] we
 are ?reat5$ ) f ,=eign influ5ce1 & !   
rapid /rides ( ,romanism1 to :i* we may 
add ,native trea*]y1 conniv$ at1 z !y   
are1 by c]ta9 lead+ demagogues ( !      
c\ntry1 & a p[]ful & influ5tial         
political p>ty1 falsely call$           
,democrats1 :o seek ! ,=eign & ,ca?olic 
vote1 & are will+ to obta9 x at ! exp5se
 ( ,lib]ty1 & ! sacrifice ( ! ,prote/ant
 ,religion6  ,! great crim9al ( !       
n9ete5? c5tury1 ! ,,papal ,,hi]>*y1 is  
n[ on trial be=e ! b> ( public op9ion1  
hav+ be5 arraign$ by ! ,,am]ican ,,p>ty4
 ,y are call$ on to decide1 ,,"y ,,m51 z
 y wield ! balance ( p[]1 :e!r ?is      
,crim9al1 arraign$ = treason aga9/ ,god1
 & ho/ility to ! human race1 des]ves !  
execrations ( all hone/ & patriotic m51 
& av5g+ judgm5ts ( a righte\s ,god6 ,9  
ord] to decide ?is grave "q1 ,,"y       
,g5tlem5 ( ! ,n9ete5? ,c5tury1 y are to 
consid] ! inevitable t5d5cy ( !         
pr9ciples ( ! ,*ur* ( ,rome--! actual   
results ( ^! t5d5cies z embodi$ 9       

hi/ory--! indictm5t br\ght 9 by !       
,,am]ican ,,p>ty1 & ! te/imony ( !      
witnesses4 ,:5 y h intellig5tly consid]$
 ! "p ! self-/yl$ ,democratic ,p>ty has 
act$ 9 ?is infam\s drama1 y w feel x to 
be y\r duty to indict ! corporation     
claim+ ! "r to be call$ ! ,great        
,democratic ,p>ty1 z accessory to !     
treason1 crimes1 & infamy1 ( ! a=esaid  
,papal ,hi]>*y6  ,to y1 !n1 ,g5tlem51 is
 ?is brief "w mo/ affectionately        
inscrib$ by       ,,! ,,au?or4          
,,preface4   ,= ! la/ tw5ty-five ye>s1 !
 writ] ( ?is "w has employ$ mu* ( 8 "t 9
 ! read+ & /udy ( ! controv]sy betwe5   
,roman ,ca?olics & ,prote/ants4 ,& ^? :o
 h be5 subscrib]s to ! pap] he has edit$
 & publi%$ = ! ,,la/ ,,sev5te5 ,,ye>s1 w
 be> him witness t he has kept up a     
fi]ce & unceas+ fire aga9/ t dang]\s &  
immoral ,corporation1 claim+ ! "r to be 
call$ ! ,,holy ,,ca?olic ,,*ur*4 ,?is he
 has done1 & /ill cont9ues to d1 because
 he believes firmly t ! sy/em ( ,pop]y1 
z taught 9 ! /&>ds ( ! ,*ur* ( ,rome1 z 

en=c$ by h] ,bi%ops & ,prie/s1 & z      
believ$ & practis$ by ! great body (    
,romani/s1 bo? 9 ,europe & ,am]ica1 is  
at w> ) ! true religion taught 9 !      
,bible1 & is injuri\s to ! public &     
private morals ( ! civiliz$ _w2 &1 if   
un*eck$1 w ov]turn ! civil & religi\s   
lib]ties ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,su*1 he    
believes1 is its t5d5cy & ! design ( its
 lead]s4  ,pop]y is deceitful 9 its "*2 
& ! design ( ?is brief "w is1 9 "p1 to  
drag x =w>d into ! light ( ! middle ( ! 
n9ete5? c5tury1 to /rip ! flimsy vizor  
(f its face1 & to br+ x1 ) all its      
abuses1 corruptions1 & hypocritical     
,prote/ant advocates1 be=e ! b> (       
enlight5$ public op9ion1 = judgm5t 9 !  
case4 ,roman ,ca?olics misrepres5t _!   
own cre$1 _! ,*ur*1 & its corrupt       
in/itutions4 ,! mo/ revolt+1 wick$1 &   
immoral features ( _! holy & immutable  
sy/em1 are kept out ( sight by its      
corrupt ,cl]gy1 & ,jesuitical tea*]s2   
:ile1 ) a purpose to deceive1 a         
,prote/ant s5se is atta*$ to mo/ ( _!   

doctr9es & peculi>ities4 ,by ?is vile   
means1 !y design$ly misrepres5t         
!mselves1 & impose on ! public1 by      
induc+ *>itable & un9=m$ p]sons to      
believe t !y are n z pr(ligate z !y are 
repres5t$ to be4 ,?is game has be5 play$
 ) a bold h& 9 ,knoxville1 = ! la/      
twelve mon?s1 & x is be+ play$ 9 e city 
& t[n 9 ! ,s\? & ,we/1 :]e ,romanism is 
be+ plant$4 ,"o object1 !n1 ( ?is       
epitomiz$ "w1 sett+ =? ! boa/+s1 ?reats1
 & disclosures ( lead+ ,ca?olic organs &
 ,bi%ops1 z to _! real pr9ciples &      
designs ^u ?is c\ntry1 suff]$ to g =? 9 
_! m excit$ mom5ts1 or ungu>d$ h\rs1 is1
 to spread be=e ! p1 9 a *eap =m1 true  
,pop]y1 & to /rip x ( its ,prote/ant    
g>b1 :i* x has = ! "t be+ assum$4  ,an  
additional reason = br++ out ?is        
publication1 at ?is p>ticul> "t1 is1 to 
expose a corrupt b>ga9 ent]$ into by !  
lead]s ( ! ,ca?olic ,*ur*1 & ! lead]s ( 
a corrupt & design+ political p>ty1     
falsely call$ ! ,democratic p>ty4 ,"o ( 
! mo/ al>m+ signs ( ! times is1 t :ile  

,prote/ant m9i/]s1 ( diff]5t p]suasions1
 only two brief ye>s ago1 c\ld prea* )  
p[] & eloqu5ce aga9/ ! dogmas & corrupt+
 t5d5cies ( ,romanism1 & pass out ( !   
doors ( _! *ur*es1 receiv+ ! complim5ts 
& extravagant praises ( _! entire       
congregations1 let "o ( !m n[ d>e to    
hold up ?is ,corporation z a dang]\s    
=eign enemy--let him w>n 8 *>ge aga9/ ! 
influ5ce ( ,pop]y1 or b only designate !
 ,ca?olic ,hi]>*y z ! man ( s9 describ$ 
9 ! ,scriptures1 & "o half ( 8          
congregation are grossly insult$3 !y    
*>ge him ) m$dl+ 9 politics2 &1 by way (
 res5tm5t1 !y w ei!r n he> him aga91 or 
!y w />ve him out1 by refus+ to         
contribute to 8 support6  ,!            
hypocritical & pr(ligate portion ( !    
,me?odi/1 ,presbyt]ian1 ,bapti/1 &      
,episcopal memb]%ip 9 ?is c\ntry1 are n 
s mu* misl$ by ,pop]y1 z !y are influ5c$
 by p>ty politics1 & are 9 love ) !     
loose moral code ( ,romanism4 ,x lays no
 re/ra9ts on _! lu/s1 & gives a loose   
re9 to all _! unsanctifi$ passions &    

desires4 ,backslidd51 unconv]t$1 or     
unpr9cipl$ memb]s ( ,prote/ant ,*ur*es1 
f9d 9 ,pop]y a sympa?iz+ irreligion1    
adapt$ to _! vici\s lives2 & h5ce !y    
fall 9 ) its disgu/+ sup]/itions &      
insult+ claims4 ,!y are1 !re=e1 ensn>$ )
 ! delusions ( ,pop]y1 ( *oice4 ,9 o!r  
words1 ,pop]y is a sy/em ( m]e human    
policy2 altoge!r ( ,=eign orig92 ,=eign 
9 its support2 import+ ,=eign vassals & 
paup]s by multipli$ ?\s&s2 & s5d+ into e
 ,/ate & ,t]ritory 9 ?is ,union1 a mo/  
baneful ,=eign & anti-,republican       
influ5ce4 ,its old g\tifi$1 immoral1 &  
drunk5 ,pope1 8 ,bi%ops & ,prie/s1 are  
politicians2 m5 ( ! _w1 e>?ly1 s5sual1 &
 devili%1 & m]e m5 ( pleasure4          
,associat$ ) !m = ! purpose1 9 great    
,/ate & ,national conte/s1 ( secur+ !   
,ca?olic vote1 are ! wor/ class (       
,am]ican politicians1 design+           
demagogues1 selfi% (fice-seek]s1 & bad  
m51 call+ !mselves ,democrats &         
,old-,l9e ,:igs6 ,^! politicians "k t   
,pop]y1 z a sy/em1 is 9 ! h&s ( a ,=eign

 despotism1 precisely :at ! ,koran is 9 
! h&s ( ! ,gr& ,turk & 8 p>tisans4 ,b   
corrupt & ambiti\s politicians 9 ?is    
c\ntry1 are will+ to act ! "p ( traitors
 to our laws & ,con/itution1 = ! sake ( 
pr(itable (fices2 & !y are will+ to     
sacrifice ! ,prote/ant ,religion1 on !  
anci5t & pr(ligate alt> at ,rome1 if !y 
may b rise to di/9ction on its ru9s6  ,!
 great ,democratic p>ty ( ?is c\ntry1   
:i* has deg5]at$ into a ,semi-,papal    
,organization1 = ! base purposes ( p[] &
 plund]1 n[ fully p>takes ( ! intol]ant 
_s ( ,rome1 & is act+ x out 9 all !     
dep>tm5ts ( our ,/ate & ,g5]al          
,gov]nm5ts4 ,:at ,romanism has be5 to ! 
,old ,_w1 ?is ,papal & ,anti-,am]ican   
organization seeks & promises to be to  
?is c\ntry4 ,:at is ,pop]y 9 ,roman     
,ca?olic ,europe8 ,x is z intol]ant 9   
politics z 9 religion3 x taxes &        
oppresses ! subjects & citiz5s ( e      
c\ntry2 x int]dicts nations2 de?rones   
gov]nors1 *ief magi/rates1 & k+s2       
dissolves civil gov]nm5ts2 susp5ds      

comm]ce2 annuls civil laws2 &1 to       
gratify its unsanctifi$ lu/ ( ambition1 
x has ov]run :ole nations ) blood%$1 &  
?r[n !m into confusion4 ,s x is ) ?is   
,bogus ,democracy3 x wages a w> (       
ext]m9ation aga9/ ! fre$om ( ! press1 & 
aga9/ ! lib]ty ( spee*1 ! rights ( human
 consci5ce1 & ! lib]ties ( man3 h5ce its
 indiscrim9ate proscription ( all :o d>e
 to unite ) ! ,,am]ican ,,p>ty1 or op5ly
 esp\se _! cause4 ,pop]y aims at        
univ]sal p[] ov] ! bodies & s\ls ( all  
m52 & hi/ory proclaims t its weapons h  
be5 dungeons1 racks1 *a9s1 fire1 &      
sword6 ,! ba/>d ,democracy ( ! pres5t   
age has unit$ ) ! ,prelates1 ,prie/s1   
,monks1 & ,nuns ( ,romanism1 & is daily 
affiliat+ ) hundr$s ( ?\s&s ( ! v       
(f-sc\r+s ( ! ,european ,ca?olic        
population--/imulat+ !m to de$s (       
viol5ce1 & to ! %$d+ ( blood6 ,to-day1  
!y su/a9 a ,bak] 9 ! f\l murd] ( a      
,poole1 9 ,new ,york1 because he 0 a    
memb] ( ! s-call$ ,"k-,no?+ p>ty1 :i* _h
 j r\t$1 9 an election1 ?is ,=eign      

,loc(oco p>ty6 ,to-morr[1 we f9d ?is    
same vile p>ty1 its editors & orators1  
su/a9+ a ,=eign ,ca?olic ,mob 9         
,l\isville1 ,ky42 & ! memb]s ( ! same   
p>ty1 9 surr\nd+ ,/ates1 exult+ ov] !   
murd] ( ,prote/ant ,am]icans6 ,& 9 !    
next brea?1 z x 71 we f9d ^! sons (     
,belial1 falsely call$ ,democrats1 aft] 
rea*+ ! p[] !y lu/$ aft] 9              
,philadelphia1 s5d+ up %\ts ov] !       
lawless de$s ( a ,=eign ,ca?olic riot1  
:i* made ! e>s ( e ,am]ican citiz5 to   
t+le6  ,"u ! guidance ( an ,,all-,,wise 
,,provid5ce1 ! ,protector ( our         
,republic1 & ( ! ,prote/ant ,religion1 x
 is 9 ! p[] ( ! free & indep5d5t vot]s (
 ^! ,unit$ ,/ates to cause ?is enemy's  
long arm to be clean dri$ up1 & 8 "r eye
 to be utt]ly d>k5$1 by elevat+ to ! two
 fir/ (fices )9 ! gift ( ! _w1 ,,mill>d 
,,fillmore & ,,&rew ,j4 ,,donelson6  ,i 
am1 c&id ,read]1 y\r fell[-citiz51      
,w4 ,g4 ,,br[nl[4       ,,knoxville1    
,july1 #ahef4   ,,am]icanism ,,contra/$ 
,,)  ,=eignism1 ,romanism1 & ,bogus     

,democracy4     ,,introductory ,,*apt]4 
,! ,cre$ ( ! ,am]ican ,p>ty--,! ,plat=m 
misrepres5t$ by      ,mr4               
,watk9s--,(ficial ,vote on ! adoption ( 
! new      ,plat=m--,:at ! ,abolitioni/s
 & ,democrats say ( !                   
,plat=m--,sec$]s f ! ,nom9at+           
,conv5tion1 & _!      ,address4   ,"l   
,byron1 j z ! w> ( ,greece approa*$1    
said3 ,x is n "o man1 nor a million1 b !
 _s ( lib]ty :i* mu/ be spread2 &1 c>ry+
 out ! same bold idea ( lib]ty1 he      
cont9ues1 ,x is "t to act2 or1 9 !      
language ( ! ,"k ,no?+ salutation1 ,x is
 "t = "w2 = :at signifies self1 if a    
s+le sp>k ( t g5ius ( lib]ty wor?y ( !  
pa/1 c be bequea!d unqu5*ably to !      
future8 ,9 ! language ( a fair poetess3 
--,our c\ntry is a :ole1     ,( :i* we  
all are p>ts2 nor %\ld a citiz5         
,reg>d 8 int]e/s z di/9ct f h]s3     ,no
 hopes or fe>s %\ld t\* 8 patriot s\l1  
,b :at affects h] honor or h] %ame4  ,! 
civilization--! nationality--!          
in/itutions1 civil & religi\s--& !      

mission ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 are all      
em95tly ,am]ican4 ,m5tal light & p]sonal
 indep5d5ce1 con/itutional union1       
national supremacy1 submission to law & 
rules ( ord]1 homog5e\s population1 &   
in/9ctive patriotism1 are all vital     
elem5ts ( ,am]ican lib]ty1 nationality1 
& upw>d & onw>d progress4 ,=eign        
immigration1 =eign ,ca?olic influ5ce1 & 
sectional factions n\ri%$ by !m--& bre$+
 demagogues 9 ! "n ( ,democracy1 by a   
pro/itution ( ! elective fran*ise--h    
already corrupt$ our nationality1       
degrad$ our c\ncils1 bo? ,/ate &        
,national1 weak5$ ! bonds ( union1      
di/urb$ our c\ntry's peace1 & awak5$    
appreh5sions ( insecurity & progressive 
det]ioration1 ?reat5+ ultimate ru96 ,to 
rescue & re/ore ,am]ican in/itutions--to
 ma9ta9 ,am]ican nationality1 & to      
secure ,am]ican bir?rights1 is ! mission
 & ! sole purpose ( ! ,,am]ican         
,,p>ty--compos$ ( cons]vative1          
patriotic1 ,prote/ant1 ,union-lov+1     
native-born citiz5s ( e section1 & ( e  

,*ri/ian d5om9ation--self-sacrific+     
patriots1 :o pref] _! c\ntry1 & !       
religion ( _! fa!rs1 & ( ! ,bible1 to a 
facti\s "n1 a plund]+ political         
organization1 & an infam\s ,papal       
hi]>*y6  ,! p>am\nt & ultimate object ( 
our ,,am]ican ,,organization is to save 
& exalt ! ,union1 & to pres]ve &        
p]petuate ! rights & bless+s ( !        
,prote/ant religion4 ,we cont5d t       
,am]ican pr9ciples %\ld m\ld ,am]ican   
policy2 t ,am]ican m9d %\ld rule        
,am]ican de/9y2 t all sectional p>ties1 
su* z a p>ty ,nor?1 or a p>ty ,s\?1 %\ld
 be r5\nc$2 t all sectional agitations1 
su* z are kept up by ,abolitioni/s1     
,free ,soil]s1 & ,black ,republicans1   
%\ld be resi/$2 t ,congress %\ld nev]   
agitate ! subject ( dome/ic slav]y1 9   
any =m or = any purpose1 b leave x :]e !
 ,con/itution fixes x2 t z ! de/9y ( !  
c\ntry dep5ds on ! m9d ( ! c\ntry1      
intellig5ce %\ld rule2 t ! ballot-box   
%\ld be purifi$1 & corrupt ,romanism &  
=eign influ5ce *eck$2 t any allegiance  

to any =eign pr9ce1 pot5tate1 or p[]--to
 any p[]1 regal or pontifical1 %\ld be  
rebuk$ z ! mo/ fatal cank] ( ! g]m (    
,am]ican indep5d5ce2 t e citiz5 %\ld be 
enc\rag$ to ex]cise freely 8 own        
consci5ce2 & t ! popul> m9d %\ld be     
enlight5$1 & ! popul> he>t rectifi$1 by 
prop] & univ]sal ,*ri/ian education4    
,?is is ! ess5ce ( ! ,am]ican cre$2 & :5
 me?odiz$ into a ,political ,decalogue1 
x con/itutes ! ,t5 ,comm&m5ts ( !       
,am]ican p>ty4  ,9 ?is connection1 & at 
?is po9t1 we w give ! mu*-abus$ ,plat=m 
( ! ,am]ican p>ty1 adopt$ at ! session (
 ! ,national ,c\ncil1 ,febru>y #ba1     
#ahef4 ,exam9e ! ,plat=m1 & answ] to y\r
 consci5ce ! "q3 ,:at true ,am]ican head
 c disapprove--:at pure ,am]ican he>t c 
revolt8 ,c m5 tak+ _! /& on ?is ,plat=m 
be ! enemies ( civil & religi\s         
lib]ties8 ,c ei!r civil or religi\s     
lib]ties re/ secure on any o!r gr\nds8  
,& mu/ n ^? ,bogus ,democrats &         
,anti-,am]icans1 !re=e1 :o wage w> aga9/
 ?is citadel ( ,am]ican bir?rights1 act 

z enemies to ! ,f$]al ,con/itution1     
enemies to ! ,union1 to ! m5tal         
indep5d5ce ( ,am]ican citiz5s--enemies  
to ! ,prote/ant religion1 & enemies1    
consequ5tly1 to civil & religi\s lib]ty8
       ,,plat=m ,,( ,,! ,,am]ican       
,,p>ty4       #a/4 ,an humble           
ackn[l$gm5t to ! ,supreme ,be+ = 8      
protect+ c>e v\*saf$ to our fa!rs 9 _!  
successful      ,revolution>y /ruggle1 &
 hi!rto manife/$ to u1 _!               
desc5dants1 9 ! pres]vation ( !         
lib]ties1 !      indep5d5ce1 & ! union (
 ^! ,/ates4       #b;d4 ,! p]petuation (
 ! ,f$]al ,union1 z ! palladium (       
our civil & religi\s lib]ties1 & ! only 
sure bulw>k (      ,am]ican ,indep5d5ce4
       #c;d4 ,am]icans mu/ rule ,am]ica1
 & to ?is end1      native-born citiz5s 
%\ld be select$ = all ,/ate1            
,f$]al1 & municipal (fices1 or gov]nm5t 
employm5t1 9      pref]5ce to all o!rs3 
nev]!less1       #d?4 ,p]sons born (    
,am]ican p>5ts resid+ tempor>ily        
abroad1 %\ld be entitl$ to all ! rights 

( native-born      citiz5s2 b1          
#e?4 ,no p]son %\ld be select$ =        
political /ation1      7:e!r ( native or
 =eign bir?17 :o recognizes any         
allegiance or obligation ( any          
description1 to any =eign      pr9ce1   
pot5tate1 or p[]1 or :o refuses to      
recognize !      ,f$]al & ,/ate         
con/itutions 7ea* )9 its sph]e7 z       
p>am\nt to all o!r laws1 z rules (      
political action4       #f?4 ,!         
unqualifi$ recognition & ma9t5ance ( !  
res]v$ rights ( ! sev]al ,/ates1 & !    
cultivation (      h>mony & frat]nal    
good-w betwe5 ! citiz5s ( !      sev]al 
,/ates2 & to ?is end1 non-int]f]5ce by  
,congress      ) que/ions app]ta9+      
solely to ! individual ,/ates1      &   
non-int]v5tion by ea* ,/ate ) ! affairs 
( any      o!r ,/ate4       #g?4 ,!     
recognition ( ! "r ( ! native-born &    
naturaliz$ citiz5s ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1   
p]man5tly resid+      9 any ,t]ritory   
!re(1 to frame _! con/itution & laws1   
& to regulate _! dome/ic & social       

affairs 9 _! own      mode1 subject only
 to ! provisions ( ! ,f$]al             
,con/itution1 ) ! privilege ( admission 
into ! ,union      :5ev] !y h !         
requisite population = "o               
,repres5tative 9 ,congress4 ,provid$    
always1 t none b      ^? :o are citiz5s 
( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 "u !      con/itution
 & laws !re(1 & :o h a fix$ resid5ce    
9 any su* ,t]ritory1 ought to p>ticipate
 9 ! =mation (      ! con/itution1 or 9 
! enactm5t ( laws = said      ,t]ritory 
or ,/ate4       #h?4 ,an en=cem5t ( !   
pr9ciple t no ,/ate or ,t]ritory        
ought to admit o!rs ?an citiz5s ( !     
,unit$ ,/ates to !      "r ( suffrage1  
or ( hold+ political (fice4       #i?4  
,a *ange 9 ! laws ( naturalization1 mak+
 a cont9u$      resid5ce ( tw5ty-"o     
ye>s1 ( all n h]e9be=e provid$      =1  
an indisp5sable requisite = citiz5%ip   
h]eaft]1 &      exclud+ all paup]s1 &   
p]sons convict$ ( crime1 f      l&+ ^u  
our %ores2 b no int]f]5ce ) ! ve/$      
rights ( =eign]s4       #aj?4           

,opposition to any union betwe5 ,*ur* & 
,/ate3 no      int]f]5ce ) religi\s fai?
 or wor%ip1 & no te/-oa?s      = (fice4 
#aa?4 ,free & ?or\gh inve/igation into  
any & all alleg$      abuses ( public   
function>ies1 & a /rict economy 9 public
      exp5ditures4       #ab?4 ,!       
ma9t5ance & en=cem5t ( all laws         
con/itutionally enact$1 until said laws 
%all be repeal$1 or      %all be decl>$ 
null & void by compet5t judicial        
au?ority4       #ac?4 ,opposition to !  
reckless & unwise policy ( !      pres5t
 adm9i/ration 9 ! g5]al managem5t ( our 
national affairs1 & m especially z %[n 9
 remov+      ,am]icans 7by designation7 
& cons]vatives 9 pr9ciple1      f (fice1
 & plac+ =eign]s & ultrai/s 9 _!        
places3 z %[n 9 a truckl+ subs]vi5cy to 
! /rong]1      & an insol5t & c[>dly    
bravado t[>d ! weak] p[]s3      z %[n 9 
rep5+ sectional agitation1 by ! repeal (
 !      ,miss\ri ,compromise3 z %[n 9   
grant+ to unnaturaliz$      =eign]s ! "r
 ( suffrage 9 ,kansas & ,nebraska3 z    

%[n 9 its vacillat+ c\rse on ! ,kansas &
 ,nebraska      "q3 z %[n 9 !           
corruptions :i* p]vade "s ( !           
dep>tm5ts ( ! gov]nm5t3 z %[n 9 disgrac+
      m]itori\s naval (fic]s ?r\gh      
prejudice or caprice2 & z      %[n 9 !  
blund]+ mismanagem5t ( our =eign        
relations4       #ad?4 ,!re=e1 to rem$y 
exi/+ evils1 & prev5t !      disa/r\s   
consequ5ces o!rwise result+ !refrom1 we 
w\ld      build up ! ,am]ican p>ty ^u ! 
pr9ciples h]e9be=e      /at$4           
#ae?4 ,t ea* ,/ate ,c\ncil %all h       
au?ority to am5d      _! sev]al         
con/itutions1 s z to aboli% ! sev]al    
degrees1 & in/itute a pl$ge ( honor1    
in/ead ( o!r      obligations1 =        
fell[%ip & admission into ! p>ty4       
#af?4 ,a free & op5 discussion ( all    
political pr9ciples      embrac$ 9 our  
plat=m4  ,! ,,hon4 ,,mr4 ,,watk9s1 a    
r5egade f ! ,am]ican ranks1 9 ,ea/      
,t5nessee1 deliv]$ a spee* 9 ,congress  
on ! #f? ( ,may1 #ahef2 :i* spee* we f9d
 report$ 9 ! ,wa%+ton ,union--a spee*   

:i* betrays an utt] ignorance ( ! po9t  
he und]took to discuss4 ,x is due to 8  
betray$ con/itu5ts t we %\ld expose 8   
ignorance1 & ! blund]+ fallacy ( 8      
attempts to ju/ify 8 turn+ ,loc(oco     
,catal9e ,judas ,sag-,ni*t6 ,he says1 z 
report$ by 8 political organ-gr9d]3     
,b1 sir1 ! plat=m rec5tly adopt$ by !   
,philadelphia      ,conv5tion _c receive
 my approbation4 ,i _c support ,mr4     
,fillmore1 or any o!r di/+ui%$ ,:ig1 ^u 
t plat=m4      ,! only solit>y plank 9 !
 ,philadelphia plat=m ( ,june1          
#ahee1 0 ! twelf? section--t section :i*
 d5i$ to      ,congress ! "r to int]f]e 
) slav]y 9 !      ,t]ritories1 decl>+ ! 
doctr9e ( non-int]v5tion1 & (           
popul> sov]eignty 9 ! ,t]ritories4 ,b1  
sir1 t plank 9      ! plat=m 0 /rick5   
out by ! conv5tion rec5tly held1      & 
! six? resolution ( ! plat=m !n adopt$  
sub/itut$ 9 its place4 ,& :at does t    
resolution      endorse8 ,is !re any    
non-int]v5tion 9 ! six? resolution      
( ! ,philadelphia plat=m8 ,is !re any   

d5ial ( ! "r      ( ,congress to int]f]e
 ^u ! subject ( slav]y 9 !      six?    
resolution ( ! ,philadelphia plat=m8    
,c]ta9ly n4  ,9 lieu ( ! ,june plat=m1  
we h ?is ,febru>y plat=m4 ,! ,june      
plat=m conta9$ no su* d5ial to          
,congress1 z is "h alleg$ by ,mr4       
,watk9s1 ( ! "r to int]f]e ) slav]y 9 ! 
,t]ritories6 ,& x is m>vell\s1 inde$1 t 
a grave ,memb] ( ,congress %\ld und]take
 to discuss ,plat=ms1 :i* he _h ei!r    
nev] read1 or ! purport ( :i*1 if he _h 
ev] read !m1 he _h ei!r :olly =gott51 or
 lack$ ! s5se to compreh5d6 ,! twelf?   
section ( ! ,june ,plat=m says3       ,&
 expressly pret]mitt+ any expression (  
op9ion ^u      ! p[] ( ,congress to     
e/abli% or prohibit slav]y 9 any        
,t]ritory1 x is ! s5se ( ?is ,national  
,c\ncil1 t      ,congress ,,ought ,,n to
 legislate ^u ! subject ( slav]y      )9
 ! ,t]ritories ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4  ,?us1
 in/ead ( d5y+ to ,congress ! "r to     
int]f]e ) slav]y 9 ! ,t]ritories1 z     
errone\sly & recklessly *>g$ by ?is     

new-born ,democrat1 all op9ion on t     
subject 0 expressly pret]mitt$ 9 ! ,june
 ,plat=m6 ,mr4 ,watk9s 0 9 su* a hurry  
to jo9 ! ,=ney1 ,pi]ce1 & ,ca?olic      
,democracy1 t he did n /op to exam9e ev5
 ! ,plat=m :i* mo/ disgu/$ him6 ,b ?is  
is n ! wor/ blund] :i* he committ$ 9 t  
spee*4 ,he turn$ to ! new ,plat=m1 &    
ask$1 ) an air ( triumph3       ,is !re 
any non-int]v5tion 9 ! six? resolution (
 !      7new7 ,philadelphia plat=m8 ,is 
!re any d5ial ( ! "r      ( ,congress to
 int]f]e ) ! subject ( slav]y 9 !       
six? resolution ( ! 7new7 ,philadelphia 
plat=m8  ,& he answ]s1 ,c]ta9ly n6 ,!   
ignorant man1 x w\ld seem1 only read z  
f> z to ! six? section ( ! new ,plat=m2 
& ev5 t section conta9s a direct        
affirmative answ] to 8 "q2 :i*1 9 ord]  
to place ! ,am]ican p>ty 9 a false      
position1 he answ]s1 ,c]ta9ly n6  ,n[1  
we ask su* z may h notic$ 8             
misrepres5tations1 to read a little     
fur!r on1 at lea/ to ! end ( ! #g?      
section ( ?is new ,plat=m1 & see :]e x  

leaves ,mr4 ,watk9s6 ,turn back to ! #g?
 section1 & x w be se5 t ?is section1   
in/ead ( pret]mitt+ any op9ion on ! "q1 
ann\nces ! doctr9e t ! citiz5s ( !      
,unit$ ,/ates p]man5tly resid+ 9 !      
,t]ritories1 h a "r to frame _!         
,con/itution & laws1 & to regulate _!   
dome/ic affairs 9 _! own mode1 subject  
only to ! provisions ( ! ,f$]al         
,con/itution6  ,! ,new ,york ,ev5+ ,po/1
 a ,pi]ce & =eign ,democratic organ1 ?us
 alludes to ! action ( ! ,conv5tion :i* 
nom9at$ ,,fillmore & ,,donelson3--      
,! #ab? section ( ! ,june ,plat=m1 x is 
true1 _h be5      abrogat$2 ,,b ,,x ,,_h
 ,,be5 ,,replac$ ,,by ,,ano!r1 ,,mean+  
,,precisely ,,! ,,same ,,?+6  ,!        
,c9c9nati ,gazette1 an ,abolition1      
,anti-,am]ican ,=eign %eet1 came out 9  
opposition to ! ,am]ican nom9ees1 9 its 
issue ( ,feb4 #bi?1 #ahef1 on acc\nt ( !
 ,pro-slav]y "* ( ! new ,plat=m4 ,!     
,gazette says3--       ,we are glad t ! 
action ( ! ,conv5tion prov$ s           
decid$ z to leave no d\bt z to ! "* ( ! 

,plat=m4 ,,! ,,latt] ,,is ,,cle>ly ,,&  
,,decid$ly ,,pro-,,slav]y ,,&           
,,nebraska1 & 9 ?is respect corresponds 
precisely ) !      ,,pr9ciples ,,( ,,!  
,,pi]ce ,,democracy6 ,fillmore &        
,donelson are      !re=e pres5t$ to !   
,am]ican p z c&idates =      !          
,presid5cy & ,vice ,presid5cy1 ,,on ,a  
,,?or\gh ,,& ,,decid$      ,,nebraska   
,,pro-,,slav]y ,,plat=m1 & ! citiz5s (  
,nor!rn      ,/ates are ask$ to vote =  
!m6  ,! ,new ,york ,tribune1 ^: editor 0
 a prom95t memb] ( ! ,pittsburgh ,black 
,republican ,conv5tion1 & :o is viol5t 9
 8 opposition to ,,fillmore &           
,,donelson1 says3       ,! object ( !   
,"k ,no?+s has dw9dl$ d[n to ?is--,,to  
,,defeat ,,! ,,republican ,,p>ty6 ,t is 
to say1 ?is is ! object      ( ^? :o h  
manag$ ! ,philadelphia ,conv5tion1 &    
nom9at$ ,mr4 ,fillmore4 ,i h dilig5tly  
inquir$ = a memb]      :o vot$ = ,banks 
= ,speak]1 & n[ supports ,fillmore2     
b up to ?is "t--m ?an ?ree days aft] !  
nom9ation--,i h n he>d ( "o4 ,t sort mu/

 be sc>ce6  ,! foll[+ is ! ,,(ficial    
vote on ! adoption ( ! new ,plat=m by ! 
,national ,c\ncil1 :i* met f\r days     
previ\s to ! ,nom9at+ ,conv5tion3       
,,new ,,hamp%ire--,nays--,messrs4 ,colby
 & ,em]y4                               
,,massa*usetts--,yeas--,messrs4 ,ely1   
,wei?1 ,brew/]1 ,rob9son1      &        
,arnold4 ,nays--,messrs4 ,ri*mond1      
,:eelwright1 ,temple1      ,?ur/on1     
,sumn]1 ,all51 ,saw91 & ,hawkes4        
,,connecticut--,nays--,messrs4 ,sp]ry1  
,dunb>1 ,peck1 ,boo?1      ,holley1 &   
,p]k9s4       ,,rhode                   
,,isl&--,yeas--,messrs4 ,*ase & ,knight4
 ,nays--,messrs4      ,simons &         
,night+ale4       ,,new                 
,,york--,yeas--,messrs4 ,walk]1 ,oakley1
 ,morgan1 ,woodw>d1      ,reynolds1     
,*e/]1 ,ow5s1 ,s&]s1 ,:i/on1 ,ni*ols1   
,van ,dus51      ,we/brook1 ,p>sons1    
,picket1 ,campbell1 ,l[ell1 ,sammons1   
,oakes1      ,seym\r1 ,squire1 ,coop]1  
,burr1 ,b5nett1 ,m>v9e1 ,midl]1         
,/eph5s1 ,johnson1 ,wetmore1 ,hammond1 &

 ,s4 ,seym\r4 ,nay--,mr4      ,b>k]4    
,,delaw>e--,yeas--,messrs4 ,clem5t &    
,smi!rs4       ,,m>yl&--,yeas--,messrs4 
,codet1 ,alex&]1 ,w9*e/]1      ,/eph5s1 
& ,wilmot4 ,nays--,messrs4 ,purnell1    
,ricaud1 ,p9kney1      & ,kram]4        
,,virg9ia--,nays--,messrs4 ,boll+1      
,mc,hugh1 ,co*ran1 ,botel]1             
,pre/on1 & ,maup94                      
,,florida--,yea--,mr4 ,call4       ,,new
 ,,j]sey--,yeas--,messrs4 ,de%l]1       
,weeks1 ,lyon1 &      ,mc,clellan4      
,,p5nsylvania--,yeas--,messrs4 ,freeman1
 ,nelcl$e1 ,gossl]1      ,smi?1         
,gill9ham1 ,hammond1 ,wood1 ,gil=d1     
,pyle1 ,f>r&1 &      ,williamson4       
,nays--,messrs4 ,johnson1 ,sewell1      
,jones1 ,p>k]1      ,hei/&1 ,kase1      
,k9kaid1 ,c(fee1 ,c>lisle1 ,crovode1    
,edie1      ,sewell1 & ,p[]4            
,,l\isiana--,yeas--,messrs4 ,la?rop &   
,elam4 ,nays--,messrs4      ,h>man &    
,h>dy4       ,,cali=nia--,yeas--,messrs4
 ,wood & ,/anley4                       
,,arkansas--,yea--,mr4 ,logan4          

,nay--,mr4 ,f[l]4                       
,,t5nessee--,yeas--,messrs4 ,br[nl[1    
,bankhead1 ,zollic(f]1      ,burton1    
,campbell1 ,donelson1 ,h>ris1 ,bilbo1 & 
,beloat4      ,nays--,messrs4 ,nelson1  
,re$y1 & ,picket4                       
,,k5tucky--,yeas--,messrs4 ,/[]s1       
,campbell1 ,raphael1 ,todd1      ,clay1 
,goodloe1 & ,b>tlett4 ,nays--,messrs4   
,%ankl91 ,jones1      ,c>p5t]1 ,gi/1 &  
,und]wood4       ,,ohio--,yeas--,messrs4
 ,:ite1 ,na%1 ,simpson1 & ,lippett4     
,nays--,messrs4 ,gabriel1 ,olds1 ,=d1   
,b>k]1 ,pott]1 ,/anbaugh1      ,rodg]s1 
,spoon]1 ,hodges1 ,kyle1 ,lees1 ,swig>t1
 ,allison1      ,fi%back1 ,?omas1       
,corw9e1 ,*apman1 ,ayres1 & ,johnson4   
,,indiana--,yeas--,messrs4 ,%eets &     
,phelps4 ,nay--,mr4      ,m]$i?4        
,,miss\ri--,yeas--,messrs4 ,edw>d1      
,flet*]1 & ,hockaday4      ,nay--,mr4   
,breck5ridge4                           
,,mi*igan--,yea--,mr4 ,wood4            
,,wiscons9--,yeas--,messrs4 ,lockwood1  
,cook1 ,*&l]1 &      ,gillies4          

,,di/rict ,,(                           
,,columbia--,yeas--,messrs4 ,ellis &    
,evans4       ,,ill9ois--,yeas--,messrs4
 ,dan5h[] & ,all54 ,nays--,messrs4      
,j5n+s & ,ge>4                          
,,i[a--,nays--,messrs4 ,web/] &         
,?orr+ton4       ,yeas--#ajh4           
,nays--#gg4  ,we w close ?is *apt] by   
giv+ ! delegates :o sec$$ f ! ,nom9at+  
,conv5tion1 ) ! ,address publi%$ by !m  
on ! occasion4 ,t recession 0 a m       
inconsid]able affair ?an has be5        
repres5t$ by ! =eign p>ty ( ?is c\ntry4 
,! au?or ( ?is "w 0 ! ,*airman ( ! l>ge 
,committee on ,cr$5tials1 & report$     
,,two ,,hundr$ ,,& ,,sev5ty-,,sev5      
delegates1 :i* report 0 receiv$ )\t     
opposition1 z to numb]s4 ,( ^!1 =ty-two 
only sec$$1 viz43 #ac out ( #bh f ,ohio2
 "o ( two f ,new ,hamp%ire2 #f--;all--f 
,connecticut2 #b out ( #ac f            
,massa*usetts2 "o out ( #c f ,ill9ois2  
#g out ( #bg f ,p5nsylvania2 "o out ( #d
 f ,rhode ,isl&2 #e--;all--f ,mi*igan2  
#e--;all--f ,wiscons92 "o--all--f ,i[a2 

#db out ( #bgg--n a six?1 & b little ov]
 a sev5? ( ! :ole6   ,,address4  ,!     
sec$]s or bolt]s made ! foll[+ address1 
to :i* !y app5d$ _! ,/ates & names4 ,:at
 !y say ( ! ,l\isiana delegates1 we h   
expla9$ 9 ano!r portion ( ?is "w3       
,! und]sign$1 delegates to ! nom9at+    
,conv5tion n[ 9      session at         
,philadelphia1 f9d !mselves compell$ to 
diss5t      f ! pr9ciples av[$ by t     
body2 & hold+ op9ions1      z !y d1 t ! 
re/oration ( ! ,miss\ri ,compromise1 z  
dem&$ by a majority ( ! :ole p1 is a    
r$ress ( an      und5iable wrong1 & !   
execution ( x1 9 _s at lea/1            
indisp5sable to ! repose ( ! c\ntry1 !y 
h reg>d$      ! refusal ( t ,conv5tion  
to recognize ! well-def9$      op9ion ( 
! c\ntry1 & ( ! ,am]icans ( ! free      
,/ates1 ^u ?is "q1 z a d5ial ( _! rights
 & a      rebuke to _! s5tim5ts2 & !y   
hold t ! admission      into ! ,national
 ,c\ncil & nom9at+ ,conv5tion1 (        
delegates f ,l\isiana1 repres5t+ a      
,roman ,ca?olic      ,con/itu5cy1       

absolv$ e true ,am]ican f all           
obligations      to su/a9 ! action (    
ei!r ( ! said bodies4       ,!y h !re=e 
)drawn f ! nom9at+ ,conv5tion1          
refus+ to p>ticipate 9 ! propos$        
nom9ation1 & n[      address !mselves to
 ! ,am]icans ( ! c\ntry1 &              
especially ( ! ,/ates !y repres5t1 to   
ju/ify & approve      ( _! action2 & to 
! end t a nom9ation con=m+ to      !    
ov]rul+ s5tim5t ( ! c\ntry 9 ! great    
issue may      be regul>ly & auspici\sly
 made1 ! und]sign$ propose to      !    
,am]icans 9 all ! ,/ates to assemble 9  
_! sev]al      ,/ate organizations1 &   
elect delegates to a ,conv5tion to      
meet 9 ! city ( ,new ,york1 on ,?ursday1
 ! #ab? day ( ,june      next1 = !      
purpose ( nom9at+ c&idates = ,presid5t  
& ,vice ,presid5t ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4    
,,ohio--,?os4 ,h4 ,=d1 ,j4 ,h4 ,bak]1   
,b4 ,s4 ,kyle1 ,w4 ,h4 ,c4              
,mit*ell1 ,e4 ,t4 ,/urtevant1 ,o4 ,t4   
,fi%back1 ,jacob ,ebb]t1 ,wm4      ,b4  
,allison1 ,h4 ,c4 ,hodges1 ,l4 ,h4      

,olds1 ,w4 ,b4 ,*apman1 ,?os4           
,mc,yees1 ,*>les ,ni*ols4       ,,new   
,,hamp%ire--,an?ony ,colby4             
,,connecticut--,lucius ,g4 ,peck1 ,jas4 
,e4 ,dunham1 ,hezekiah ,griswold1       
,au/9 ,baldw91 ,edmund ,p]k9s1 ,david   
,boo?4       ,,massa*usetts--,wild4 ,s4 
,?ur/on1 ,z4 ,r4 ,pangborn4             
,,ill9ois--,h5ry ,s4 ,j5n+s4            
,,p5nsylvania--,wm4 ,f4 ,john/on1 ,s4   
,c4 ,kase1 ,r4 ,m4 ,riddle1 ,t4 ,j4     
,c(fey1 ,john ,williamson1 ,j4 ,h>rison1
 ,s4 ,ewell4       ,,rhode ,,isl&--,e4  
,j4 ,night+ale4       ,,mi*igan--,s4 ,t4
 ,lyon1 ,w4 ,full]1 ,w4 ,s4 ,wood1 ,p4  
,p4 ,m$dl]1 ,j4      ,hamilton4         
,,wiscons9--,d4 ,a4 ,gillis1 ,john      
,lockwood1 ,robt4 ,*&l]1 ,g4            
,burdick1 ,c4 ,w4 ,cook4                
,,i[a--,l4 ,h4 ,web/]4   ,,! ,,election 
,,( ,,banks--,,! ,,slav]y ,,"q4  ,"o ( !
 issues 9 ! ,presid5tial conte/ n[ go+  
on1 is ! slav]y "q4 ,a4 ,o4 ,p4 ,x4 ,y4 
,z4 ,ni*olson1 ( ! ,wa%+ton ,union1 :o  
canvass$ ?is ,/ate 9 opposition to      

,scott1 & %$ 8 crocodile te>s be=e e    
cr[d he address$1 because s good a man z
 ,fillmore1 :o _h /ood firm = ! rights (
 ! ,s\?1 _h be5 set aside by an         
ungrateful ,conv5tion at ,baltimore1 to 
give place to ,scott1 ! favorite (      
,sew>d--?is mis]able hypocrite1 we say1 
n[ comes out & says1 ,fillmore's        
abolitionism w suit ! ,nor?4  ,! ,c5tral
 ,democratic ,committee = ,ea/          
,t5nessee1 9 a call = a ,di/rict        
,conv5tion at ,cl9ton1 9 ,may la/1 ?r\gh
 ! ,knoxville ,/&>d1 conclude said call 
9 ?is language3       ,! "t has aga9    
arriv$ :5 ! national ,democracy mu/     
rally to _! c\ntry's call & pres]ve !   
,con/itution z      x is 9 its purity1 &
 p]petuate ! union ( ! ,/ates      f !  
ra9 :i* ! ,black ,republican ,p>ty ( !  
,nor?1      aid$ by ,,_! ,,"k-,,no?+    
,,allies ,,( ,,! ,,s\?1 w\ld br+      ^u
 !m4 ,by ord] ( !       ,,c5tral        
,,committee4  ,! ,sag-,ni*t ,conv5tion  
held at ,som]ville1 on ,?ursday ! #h? ( 
,may1 & :i* select$ ,d4 ,m4 ,curr9 z _! 

,electoral c&idate1 adopt$ ! foll[+     
resolution3       ,resolv$1 ,t we h be5 
appo9t$ by ! ,democracy (      ?is      
,electoral ,di/rict to organize to      
fight1 9 ! com+      ,presid5tial       
election1 ! ,,black ,,republicans ,,&   
,,"k-,,no?+s4      ,resolv$1 ,t we c    
beat !m1 & we w d x4      ,resolv$1 ,t  
we w cordially receive ! co-op]ation (  
all ,old-,l9e ,:igs :o w assi/ u 9 c>ry+
 out ^!      resolutions4  ,n[1 ! *>ge  
is "h made t ! ,"k-,no?+s ( ! ,s\? are !
 allies ( ! ,black ,republicans ( !     
,nor?4 ,?is is ! impression int5d$ to be
 made1 fir/ by ^! conceal$ calumniators 
at ,knoxville1 & aft]w>ds by ! op5 &    
av[$ sl&]]s ( ! same p>ty at ,som]ville6
 ,) su* :olesale ly+ z is display$ 9 bo?
 ( ^! cases1 we h b little pati5ce3 we  
only give _! language1 to %[ _!         
recklessness 9 mak+ su* an issue4 ,&    
al?\gh ?is ,=eign p>ty claim to be !    
gu>dians ( ,s\!rn int]e/s1 we propose to
 %[1 be=e we conclude ?is *apt]1 t !y   
are !mselves ! allies ( ! ,black        

,republicans ( ! ,nor?1 & are giv+ !m m 
aid & com=t ?an all ! o!r p>ties 9 !    
c\ntry6  ,,francis ,p4 ,,blair1 =m]     
editor ( ,g54 ,jackson's organ at       
,wa%+ton1 0 ! ,presid5t ( ! ,black      
,republican ,conv5tion at ,pittsburg1 9 
,febru>y la/6 ,john ,m4 ,niles2         
,democratic ,s5ator 9 ,congress1 0      
,presid5t ( ! ,black ,republican        
,conv5tion held 9 ,connecticut6 ,9 !    
,pittsburg ,conv5tion1 ov] :i* ,blair   
presid$1 ,,pre/on ,,k+1 ,,abijah ,,mann1
 ,,david ,,wilmot1 & ,,jacob ,,br9k]h(f1
 ,old-,l9e ,democrats1 figur$           
conspicu\sly4  ,= two long & cold w9t]  
mon?s1 ! ,democrats1 bo? ,nor? & ,s\?1  
vot$ = ,ri*>dson1 ( ,ill9ois1 = ,speak]1
 a viol5t anti-slav]y man1 ^: spee*es   
aga9/ slav]y1 & 9 favor ( ,abolitionism1
 7 matt]s ( record 9 ! ,congressional   
,globe1 & 7 deliv]$ on ! floor (        
,congress s late z #ahej6 ,! immortal   
#ge ,democrats did n cease to vote = ?is
 man ,ri*>dson1 until ,,g54 ,,zollic(f]1
 ( ,t5nessee1 read 8 spee*es ^u him1 9 !

 pres5ce ( 8 fri5ds6  ,on ! #b;d (      
,febru>y1 ,,samuel ,a4 ,,smi?1 (        
,t5nessee1 a ,democratic ,repres5tative 
9 ,congress1 r5ew$ 8 motion to adopt !  
,,plurality ,,rule4 ,8 proposition1 :i* 
x 0 evid5t w\ld elect ,banks1 0 c>ri$ by
 ,black ,republican votes1 :o w5t = x 9 
a body4 ,?is w\ld /ill n h elect$       
,banks1 b = ! fact t ! foll[+ ,democrats
 vot$ = ! odi\s plurality rule3 ,cl+man1
 ,h]b]t1 ,hickman1 ,jewett1 ,kelley1    
,b>clay1 ,bay>d1 ,wells1 ,williams1 &   
,,samuel ,a4 ,,smi?6 ,mr4 ,cl>ke 0 !    
only ,am]ican :o vot$ = ! odi\s rule6   
,,mr4 ,,c>lile1 a national ,am]ican1 (  
,virg9ia1 be=e ! vote 0 tak5 ^u ?is     
plurality rule1 (f]$ ! foll[+ sub/itute 
= x3       ,resolv$1 ,t ! ,,hon4 ,,wm4  
,,aik51 a ,repres5tative f !      ,/ate 
( ,s\? ,c>ol9a1 be1 & he is h]eby decl>$
 ,speak]      ( ! ,?irty-,f\r?          
,congress4  ,,gov4 ,,aik5 is a s\nd     
,s\!rn ,democrat--nev] 0 any ?+ else--b 
,,col4 ,,smi? object$1 & dem&$ ! previ\s
 "q1 :i* cut (f ,,mr4 ,,c>lile',s       

resolution1 & :i* 0 to prev5t its       
adoption6 ,! c&idate ( ! ,democratic    
p>ty1 at t "t1 ,,mr4 ,,orr1 imm$iately  
)drew 9 favor ( ,,gov4 ,,aik51 ^u !     
introduction ( ,,mr4 ,,c>lile',s        
resolution2 & to prev5t ,aik5's         
election1 ,,samuel ,a4 ,,smi? cut (f    
said resolution by a call ( ! previ\s   
"q6  ,banks 0 elect$ by "o vote1 & ?is  
c\ld n be accompli%$ until ,,sev5       
,,democrats got beh9d ! b>1 & refus$ to 
vote at all6 ,^! 7 ,,hickman1 ,,p>k]1 & 
,,b>clay1 ( ,p5nsylvania2 ,,craig1 (    
,nor? ,c>ol9a2 ,,taylor1 ( ,l\isiana2   
,,ri*>dson1 ( ,ill9ois2 & ,,sew>d1 (    
,georgia6 ,any two ( ^! ,s\!rn          
,democrats c\ld h made ,,aik5 ,speak]1 b
 !y did n want him--!y knew ,banks to be
 a ,democrat1 if he 7 a ,black          
,republican--& to elect him1 !y believ$ 
w\ld give !m ! /r5g? ( t odi\s p>ty 9 ! 
com+ conte/4  ,we h be=e u ! ,wa%+ton   
,union ( ,sept4 #bg?1 #ahec1 giv+1      
editorially1 a gl[+ acc\nt ( !          
,massa*usetts ,democratic ,/ate         

,conv5tion1 report+ ! spee* ( ,na?aniel 
,p4 ,banks1 ( ,wal?am1 conclud+ t report
 9 ^! words3       ,mr4 ,banks          
emphatically & decid$ly1 on 8 own "p1 & 
on      t ( ! ,democrats (              
,massa*usetts1 disclaim$ ! tru?      ( !
 rumors 9 c]ta9 newspap]s t an          
arrangem5t _h      be5 ent]$ into )     
ano!r political p>ty 9 !                
,commonweal? conc]n+ ! di/ribution (    
,/ate (fices4 ,x      0 8 & ?is         
,conv5tion's & all true ,democrats'     
desire1      belief1 & det]m9ation1 t   
,h5ry ,w4 ,bi%op %\ld be      elect$    
gov]nor ( ,massa*usetts1 & t ! o!r      
,democratic ,/ate (fic]s %\ld also be   
elect$4 ,he 0 n      afraid ( defeat1 & 
less afraid ( ,:ig success1 :i*1 to     
judge by its rec5t effects1 0 simply    
equival5t to a defeat4      ,applause4  
,x may be said1 & d\btless w be1 t      
,banks has alli$ himself ) !            
,republicans4 ,b ,banks says he has     
always be5 a ,democrat1 & t he 0 nom9at$
 z a ,democrat 9 8 di/rict4 ,& c]ta9 x  

is1 t he 0 elect$ ,speak] by            
,,democrats1 "u ! compulsion ( an odi\s 
plurality rule1 & ! gag ( ! previ\s "q6 
,x w be said1 & said tru?fully too1 t   
,,six ,,am]icans ,,f ,,! ,,nor? vot$ =  
,,mr4 ,,full]1 ( ,p5nsylvania4 ,s !y    
did2 & 9 do+ s1 !y vot$ = a s\nd        
national & cons]vative man4 ,b did ?is  
ju/ify ,s\!rn ,democrats 9 dodg+ ! "q1 &
 !reby elect+ a ,black ,republican      
,speak]8 ,gov4 ,aik5 0 ! c&idate ( !    
sev5 ,democrats--he 0 n ! c&idate ( !   
six ,am]icans6 ,democracy1 moreov]1 _h  
refus$ to vote = an ,am]ican "u any     
circum/ances1 & _h1 on ! fir/ day ( !   
meet+ ( ,congress1 pass$ a resolution   
insult+ ! :ole ,am]ican p>ty1 9 caucus6 
,we w\ld h se5 !m bani%$ to ! f>!/ v]ge 
( a/ronomical imag9ation1 be=e we w\ld h
 vot$ = any man t favor$ t insult+      
resolution6  ,9 #ahdg1 by a unanim\s    
vote1 bo? bran*es ( ! ,legislature (    
,new ,hamp%ire adopt$ resolutions       
d5unciatory ( ! in/itution ( slav]y1 &  
approv+ ( ! ,wilmot ,proviso4 ,^!       

resolutions 7 report$ to ! ,h\se1 by !  
,repres5tative f ,hillsboro1 ! native   
t[n ( ,g54 ,pi]ce1 & 7 9 ! h&writ+ (    
,pi]ce6  ,on ! #b;d ( ,octob]1 #ahdg1 ! 
,democratic ,s(t-,%ells1 :o are n[ !    
support]s ( ,pi]ce's adm9i/ration1 &    
fill ! (fices he has to dispose ( 9 ,new
 ,york1 held a ,/ate ,conv5tion1 &      
decl>$ _! uncompromis+ ho/ility to      
slav]y 9 a /r+ ( resolutions !y adopt$ &
 ord]$ to be publi%$4  ,on ! #af? (     
,febru>y1 #ahdh1 a ,democratic ,/ate    
,conv5tion = ,new ,york conv5$ at       
,utica1 to appo9t ,delegates to !       
,national ,conv5tion to nom9ate c&idates
 = ,presid5t & ,vice ,presid5t1 at :i* a
 /r+ ( anti-,s\!rn resolutions 7 adopt$1
 d5\nc+ slav]y or involunt>y s]vitude1 z
 repugnant to ! g5ius ( ,republicanism4 
,on ! #ah? ( ,july1 #ahdh1 ! ,democratic
 ,s(t-,%ells held a mass-meet+ 9 ! p>k (
 ,new ,york1 &1 by way ( mak+ p]fect _! 
organization aga9/ ,g5]al ,cass1 decl>$1
 by resolutions1 _! uncompromis+        
ho/ility to slav]y or involunt>y        

s]vitude6  ,on ! #ac? ( ,septemb]1      
#ahdh1 a ,democratic mass-meet+ conv5$  
at ,buffalo1 9 ,new ,york1 &1 9 a g5]al 
,abolition jubilee1 adopt$ resolutions  
condemn+ & d5\nc+ ! in/itution ( slav]y6
  ,9 #aheb1 :ile ! conte/ 0 go+ on      
betwe5 ,pi]ce & ,scott1 ! ,wa%+ton      
,union said1 editorially3       ,,!     
,,free-,,soil ,,democratic ,,lead]s ,,( 
,,! ,,nor?1 ,,are ,a ,,regul>           
,,portion ,,( ,,! ,,democratic ,,p>ty2  
,,& ,,g5]al ,,pi]ce1 ,,if      ,,elect$1
 ,,w ,,make ,,no ,,di/9ction ,,betwe5   
,,!m ,,& ,,! ,,re/ ,,(      ,,!         
,,democracy ,,9 ,,! ,,di/ribution ,,(   
,,(ficial ,,patronage1 ,,& ,,9      ,,! 
,,selection ,,( ,,ag5ts ,,= ,,adm9i/]+  
,,! ,,gov]nm5t6  ,! ,black ,republicans 
rec5tly held a meet+ 9 ,new ,york1 at   
:i* ,b5jam9 ,f4 ,butl]1 ( pi\s memory1 &
 ,van ,bur5 ,sw>tw\t notoriety1 presid$6
 ,on 8 "r h& sat1 z ,vice ,presid5t ( ! 
meet+1 ,moses ,h4 ,gr9nell1 "o ( !      
,democratic pipe-lay]s ( #ahdj1 :om ?is 
,van ,bur5 ,attorney-,g5]al ,butl] made 

ef=ts to s5d to ! ,/ate prison6 ,ano!r  
,vice ,presid5t1 gravely look+ on1 &    
arrang$ 9 dignifi$ gr&eur ^u ! /&1 0    
,john ,w4 ,edmonds1 ex-blanket          
contractor 9 a l>ge sw9dle1 & a         
practical spiritual-rapp]6 ,a ?ird & la/
 ,vice ,presid5t 0 ! notori\s ,dr4      
,t[ns5d1 ! s>sap>illa man1 :o has n yet 
w\nd up 8 controv]sy ) a man ( ! same   
"n1 z to :o is ! greate/ rascal 9 ! way 
( manufactur+ ?is m$ic9e6  ,among ! o!r 
(fic]s1 secret>ies1 & prom95t m5 9 !    
meet+1 0 ,c4 ,a4 ,dana1 ( ! ,tribune    
(fice1 a ,f\ri]i/1 :o1 at a public meet+
 on a =m] occasion1 toa/$ ,horace       
,greeley1 ,*>les ,f\ri]1 & ,jesus ,*ri/6
 ,prom95t 9 ! meet+ 0 ,c4 ,a4 ,/etson1 (
 ! ,a/or ,h\se1 an ,amalgamationi/4     
,h5ry ,j4 ,raymond1 ! ,abolition editor 
( ! ,times1 & ,rudolph ,g>rigue1 a noisy
 ,g]man ,abolitioni/1 look$ & act$ z    
?\gh !y believ$ ! salvation ( ! ,union  
dep5d$ ^u ! success ( ! ,republicans6 ,a
 fell[ :o made frequ5t motions1 an      
,iri%man by ! "n ( ,mc,morrow1 _h s]v$  

an appr5tice%ip ( twelve mon?s 9 ! ,/ate
 prison1 = break+ op5 a /ore aft] night6
 ,! pr9cipal speak]1 :o spoke = two h\rs
 on ! subject ( slav]y1 0 ! notori\s    
,b+ham1 an it9]ant ,abolitioni/ f ,ohio4
 ,x 0 a que] m$ley ( m51 p>ties1        
pr9ciples1 & *>act]s--two-?irds ( all ! 
active p>tisans 9 ! meet+ hav+ held     
(fices 9 ! ranks ( ,democracy6 ,& /ill1 
t p>ty boa/s ( its ,nor!rn w+ be+ s\nd  
^u ! slav]y "q4  ,& "h is ! resolution (
 ! #h? ( ,janu>y ,democratic ,conv5tion 
9 ,ohio1 appo9t+ delegates to !         
,c9c9nati ,p[-w[3       ,resolv$1 ,t ! p
 ( ,ohio n[1 z !y h always      done1   
look ^u slav]y z an evil1 & unfavorable 
to !      developm5t ( ! _s & practical 
b5efits ( free      in/itutions2 & t1   
ent]ta9+ ^! s5tim5ts1 !y      w at all  
times feel x to be _! duty to use all   
p[]      cle>ly giv5 by ! t]ms ( !      
national compact1 to prev5t      its    
increase1 to mitigate1 & f9ally         
eradicate ! evil4  ,to %[1 j "h1 :]e    
,t5nessee ,democrats /& ^u ! infam\s    

,wilmot ,proviso "q1 we give ! foll[+   
extract f a rec5t numb] ( ! ,na%ville   
,patriot3       ,,james ,k4 ,,polk1     
:o1 9 #ahdg1 approv$ ! ,oregon bill1 :i*
 conta9$ ?is      odi\s &               
uncon/itutional clause3 next 9 ord] is  
,,cave ,,johnson1       n[ ,presid5t ( !
 ,bank ( ,t5nessee1 :o vot$ = ! same    
bill :i* ,mr4 ,polk sanction$3 next we h
       ,,a>on ,v4 ,,br[n1       an      
aspirant be=e ! ,c9c9nati ,conv5tion1 :o
 did likewise3      !n comes            
,,julius ,w4 ,,blackwell1       a /> ^: 
light has be5 qu5*$ 9 obscurity1 b :o   
vot$ ) 8 colleagues = ! ,oregon bill 9  
'#dg3 next 9      ! procession ( ,s\!rn 
m5 dang]\s to ! ,s\? is       ,,b>clay  
,,m>t91       ,presid5t ,pi]ce's ,u4 ,s4
 ,mail ,ag5t1 :o ca/ a simil> vote3     
foll[+ him we h       ,,luci5 ,b4       
,,*ase1       au?or ( ! ,hi/ory ( !     
,polk ,adm9i/ration1 at pres5t a        
resid5t ( ,new ,york city1 b at ! "t he 
exhibit$ himself      z a dang]\s man to
 ! ,s\?1 a repres5tative 9 ,congress    

f ?is ,/ate3 he is succe$$ by           
,,fr$4 ,p4 ,,/anton1       = t5 ye>s a  
,democratic ,congressman f ! ,memphis   
di/rict3 he vot$ = ! ,oregon bill1 ) !  
,wilmot      ,proviso annex$3 beh9d him 
9 ! m>* is       ,,alvan ,,cullom1      
a ,democratic ,congressman1 :o has      
squatt$ on ! o!r side      ( "o ( 8     
native m\nta9s 9 ! f\r? di/rict1 & be5  
quiesc5t = "s ye>s3 he 0 "o ( !         
,t5nessee      dang]\s m53 he vot$ twice
 = ! ,wilmot ,proviso3 9 !      same    
category is       ,,george ,w4 ,,jones1 
9 ! language ( ano!r1 ! goose :i*       
cackles at !      door ( ! ,treasury    
vault3 notori\s z a ,s\!rn support]     
( ! ,squatt] ,sov]eignty doctr9e1 ) two 
votes on record      9 favor ( ! ,wilmot
 ,proviso4 ,he may be reckon$ z v       
dang]\s to ! ,s\?3 la/1 b n lea/ 9 ?is  
dread      array ( dang]\s m51 is       
,,&rew ,,johnson1       ! pres5t        
,gov]nor ( ,t5nessee1 & ,c9c9nati       
aspirant3 he      vot$ ?ree times = !   
,wilmot ,proviso1 & s d\btful are      8

 doctr9es on ! slav]y "q1 t _m          
slavehold+      memb]s ( 8 own p>ty     
reg>d him z extremely dang]\s      to ! 
,s\?4  ,by ! way1 9 #ahdb1 ?is same     
,gov4 ,johnson 0 a ,s5ator 9 our ,/ate  
,legislature1 & introduc$ ! foll[+      
,abolition resolutions1 commonly call$ 8
 ,:ite ,basis ,sy/em3       ,resolv$1 by
 ! ,g5]al ,assembly ( ! ,/ate (         
,t5nessee1      ,t ! basis to be obs]v$ 
9 lay+ ! ,/ate (f into                  
,congressional di/ricts %all be ! vot+  
population1 ,,)\t      ,,any ,,reg>d    
,,to ,,?ree-,,fif?s ,,( ,,! ,,negro     
,,population4       ,resolv$1 ,t !      
#abj1jhc qualifi$ vot]s %all be divid$  
by elev51 & t ea* elev5? ( ! #abj1jhc ( 
qualifi$      vot]s %all be entitl$ to  
elect "o memb] 9 ! ,congress (      !   
,unit$ ,/ates1 or s ne> z may be        
practicable )\t a      division (       
c\nties4  ,! position ( ,gov4 ,johnson  
is ?is3 he wi%es ! ,/ate entitl$ to h]  
slave repres5tation z a ,/ate1 b 9 h]   
own bord]s ! repres5tative di/ricts are 

to be made accord+ to h] :ite           
population6 ,9 o!r words1 he desires !  
,/ate to reta9 h] t5 ,congressm51       
repres5t+ bo? h] :ite & slave           
population1 b wi%es !m appo9t$ ?r\gh\t !
 ,/ate )\t reg>d to ! slave population3 
s t ! c\nty conta9+ t5 ?\s& :ite        
inhabitants1 & d\ble t numb] ( slaves1  
%\ld be entitl$ to no m repres5tation   
?an ! c\nty conta9+ t5 ?\s& :ite        
inhabitants & no slaves6  ,we he>d      
,johnson la/ summ]1 9 8 debate ) ,g5try1
 9 ,campbell c\nty1 cont5d t ! c\nty (  
,campbell %\ld h ! same repres5tation 9 
,congress z ! c\nty ( ,%elby1 :i* he    
/at$ _h ,,fifte5 ,,?\s& ,,negroes6 ,he  
appeal$ to ! prejudices & passions ( !  
poor--inquir$ ( ! h>d work+-m5 ( t c\nty
 h[ !y lik$ to see _! wives & daught]s  
(fset1 9 enum]at+ ! /r5g? ( ! c\nty1 by 
! greasy negro w5*es ( ,%elby1          
,davidson1 ,fayette1 ,sumn] & ,ru!r=d   
c\nties4 ,he made a real1 /irr+         
abolition appeal to ! poor1 &           
non-slavehold+ portion ( ! cr[d1 :i* 0 9

 ! proportion ( t5 to "o ( t c\nty1 to  
array !m aga9/ ! ri*1 & especially aga9/
 ! own]s ( l>ge numb]s ( slaves4 ,he    
told !m t ^! ,negro w5*es belong$ to !  
lordly slavehold]s ( ,middle & ,we/     
,t5nessee1 & t z our ,con/itution n[ is1
 ^! w5*es 7 plac$ on an equality ) !    
fair daught]s & virtu\s wives ( labor+  
m54 ,on ?is gr\nd he advocat$ 8 infam\s 
am5dm5t to ! ,con/itution1 :i* w\ld     
incorporate 8 ,:ite ,basis s*eme6  ,?is 
is a rank ,abolition measure1 & fraught 
) m dang] to ! ,s\? ?an any ?+ propos$  
by ! :ole brood ( ,abolitioni/s1 ,free  
,soil]s1 & ,black ,republicans at !     
,nor?4 ,already ! ,s\? is weak en\gh1 & 
n at all able to vote ) ! ,nor? 9 our   
,national ,legislature4 ,! effect ( ?is 
s*eme is to deprive ! ,s\? ( "o-?ird (  
h] /r5g? 9 ,congress4 ,n only is ?is !  
effect1 b x is ! design ( ! mov]4 ,we   
hold t ,johnson is a ,free ,soil]1 & has
 be5 = ye>s4 ,x is /at$ by 8 ,nor!rn    
,democratic fri5ds1 t :5 he quit        
,congress1 he came home to run =        

,gov]nor--) a det]m9ation1 if defeat$1  
to remove to "s ( ! ,nor?we/]n ,/ates1 &
 take a new />t6 ,_h he be5 defeat$ by  
,maj4 ,h5ry 9 #ahec1 he w\ld n[ be a    
,black ,republican 9 "o ( ! ,free       
,/ates1 runn+ = (fice6 ,& yet !         
propagator ( ?is infam\s ,abolition     
doctr9e ( a ,:ite ,basis                
repres5tation--?is demagogue :o arrays !
 poor aga9/ slavehold]s1 is ! man = !   
ultra gu>dians ( ! slave int]e/s ( !    
,s\?6 ,a man :o w\ld n own negroes :5 he
 c\ld1 b loan$ 8 money out at int]e/1 & 
left 8 wife & daught]s to d _! own "w--a
 man :o is at he>t & 9 8 doctr9es a rank
 ,free ,soil]--a man :o has only rema9$ 
9 ! ,s\? to exp]im5t ^u (fice-seek+6    
,?is is ! man t ,georgia1 ,alabama1     
,virg9ia1 ,mississippi1 & ,c>ol9as1     
rejoic$ to see elect$ ,gov]nor ( a      
,s\!rn slave ,/ate6  ,x 0 see+ !        
position ( ,johnson on ?is "q t induc$ !
 ,democratic ,h]ald 9 ,ohio1 9 ,june1   
#ahee1 ?us to notice our race =         
,gov]nor3       ,,t5nessee4--,an animat$

 conte/ is go+ on 9 ?is good old        
,democratic ,/ate = ,gov]nor1 & ! l>ge/ 
cr[ds flock to      he> ! c&idates t ev]
 att5d$ political meet+s s9ce      !    
,h]o ( ,new ,orleans us$ to address !   
masses 9 p]son4      ,! pres5t incumb5t1
 ,&rew ,johnson1 is ! ,democratic       
c&idate1 & a ,mr4 ,g5try1 a pro-slav]y  
r5egade f      ! ,f$]al ,:ig ranks1 is !
 oppos+ c&idate1 br\ght out      by a   
,"k ,no?+ conclave4 ,?is man is on !    
/ump abus+      ! ,ca?olics1 & d5\nc+ !m
 = _! tyranny1 :ile he      op5ly       
advocates ! slav]y doctr9es ( ,s\!rn    
,nigg]dom6      ,on ! o!r h&1 8         
competitor1 ,gov4 ,johnson1 well &      
favorably kn[n to our lead+ ,democrats (
 ,ohio1 ,,has ,,no      ,,sympa?ies ,,) 
,,slav]y1 & is ! advocate ( su* am5dm5ts
      to ! ,f$]al ,con/itution z w give 
all p[] to !      p1 & ,,effectually    
,,put ,,d[n ,,! ,,in/itution ,,(        
,,slav]y6  ,n[1 ?is %[+ up ( ,democracy1
 on ! ,slav]y "q1 may look %abby to _m  
ultra ,s\!rn m51 & x may induce !m to   

*>ge t ! ,democratic p>ty are           
inconsi/5t4 ,we def5d !m aga9/ ! *>ge ( 
inconsi/5cy1 & ma9ta9 t :at w\ld be     
call$ inconsi/5cy "h1 is no?+ b         
,democracy4 ,= in/ance1 ,a4 ,o4 ,p4 ,q4 
,x4 ,y4 ,z4 ,ni*olson1 ! editor ( !     
great (ficial organ ( ,democracy at     
,wa%+ton1 said1 editorially1 & by       
au?ority1 s late z #ahee3       ,,x ,,is
 ,,no ,,"p ,,( ,,! ,,cre$ ,,( ,a        
,,democrat1 ,,z ,,su*1 ,,to ,,advocate  
,,or ,,oppose ,,! ,,ext5sion ,,(        
,,slav]y4 ,,he ,,may ,,d ,,! ,,"o ,,or  
,,!      ,,o!r1 ,,9 ,,! ,,ex]cise ,,(   
,,8 ,,rights ,,z ,a ,,citiz51 ,,& ,,n   
,,(f5d ,,aga9/ ,,8 ,,democratic         
,,fealty6  ,precisely s6 ,a man may     
advocate ! abolition ( slav]y :]e x     
exi/s2 he may1 z a ,black ,republican1  
arm himself ) ,%>pe's rifle1 & g into   
,kansas1 & %oot d[n pro-slav]y m51 &    
/ill be a consi/5t ,democrat1 if he vote
 = ! p>ty1 & /& by ! nom9ees ( ! p>ty   
conv5tions6 ,h5ce1 all ! factions at    
home & f abroad--all religions--all !   

ends & odds ( ,god's creation are n[    
associat$ toge!r1 & are battl+ 9 ! same 
unholy cause1 9 ! "n ( ,democracy6  ,&  
fur!r to exhibit ! inconsi/5cy ( ?is    
,democratic & ,=eign p>ty1 x w be       
recollect$ t1 9 #ahdd1 !y nom9at$       
,,silas ,,wright1 ( ,new ,york1 =       
,vice-,presid5t1 to run on ! ticket )   
,,col4 ,,polk--a position he decl9$1    
because he w\ld n agree to be second be/
 on ! ticket4 ,9 a lett] to ,,james ,h4 
,,titus1 ,,esq41 be>+ date ,april #ae1  
#ahdg1 ,,mr4 ,,wright says3       ,if ! 
"q _h be5 prop\nd$ to me at any p]iod ( 
my      public life1 ,%all ! arms ( !   
,union be employ$ to      conqu]1 or !  
money ( ! ,union be us$ to pur*ase      
,t]ritory n[ con/itutionally free1 = !  
purpose (      plant+ ,slav]y ^u x1 ,i  
%\ld h answ]$1 ,no6 ,& ?is      answ] to
 ?is "q is ! ,wilmot ,proviso1 z ,i     
und]/&      x4 ,i am surpris$ t any "o  
%\ld suppose me capable (      ent]ta9+ 
any o!r op9ion1 or giv+ any o!r answ] z 
to su* a proposition4  ,n[1 if ,,silas  

,,wright1 "o ( ! great ,nor!rn lights ( 
,democracy1 held ^! s5tim5ts 9 #ahdg1   
:at mu/ !y h be5 9 #ahdd1 :5 t p>ty     
s\ght to elevate him to ! second (fice  
)9 ! gift ( ! nation8 ,b we are j rem9d$
 ( :at is said 9 ! law & ! prophets1 t  
is to say1 ,x is no "p ( ! cre$ ( a     
,democrat1 ,,z ,,su*1 to advocate or    
oppose ! ext5sion ( slav]y6 ,:at a p>ty6
     ,f ! ,knoxville ,:ig = ,sept4 #bb1 
#ahee4  ,,to ,,rev4 ,a4 ,b4 ,,long/reet1
  ,,pr(essor ,,( ,,me?odism1 ,,romanism1
 ,,& ,,loc(ocoism4   ,,rev]5d ,,sir3--,i
 see a pa/oral address ( y\rs1 to       
,me?odi/ ,"k-,no?+ ,prea*]s1 go+ ! r\nds
 ( ! ,loc(oco ,=eign ,sag ,ni*t pap]s ( 
! ,s\?1 occupy+ f f\r to six columns1   
accord+ to ! dim5sions ( ! pap]s copy+4 
,i h wad$ ?r\gh y\r le>n$ address1 & f9d
 x to be "o ( m pond]\s magnitude ?an ! 
,report made to ! ,briti% ,h\se (       
,commons1 by ,"l ,nor?1 on a subject (  
f> great] int]e/6 ,& z ,i am "o ( !     
class ( m5 y address1 not)/&+ y\r great 
advantage ov] me 9 po9t ( age &         

exp]i5ce2 & z no "o has made a =mal     
response to y\r pi\s w>n+s1 x w n be    
deem$ insol5t 9 me to take y up4  ,my   
fir/ acqua9tance ) y 0 9 #ahdg1 at an   
,annual ,meet+ ( ! ,georgia ,conf]5ce1  
held 9 ,madison2 & al?\gh ! impressions 
made ^u my m9d by y1 on t occasion1 7   
any ?+ b favorable to y1 z a man1 /ill1 
,i am capable1 z ,i believe1 ( do+ y    
ju/ice4 ,i suppos$ y !n to be ! rise (  
sixty ye>s1 c]ta9ly 9 y\r dotage & among
 ! va9e/ old g5tlem5 ,i _h ev] met )4 ,y
 obta9$ leave1 z ,i und]/&1 by y\r own  
seek+1 to deliv] a lecture to !         
,conf]5ce1 ^u ! subject ( correctly     
read+ & pron\nc+ ! ,scriptures4 ,i 0 9  
att5dance1 & li/5$ to y ) all ! att5tion
 & imp>tiality ,i 0 capable ( ex]cis+4  
,i ?\ght x a little presumptu\s = any "o
 man to assume to tea* m ?an "o hundr$  
able m9i/]s h[ to read & pron\nce !     
inspir$ writ+s2 & ! m s1 :5 ,i knew t   
sev]al ( ! numb] 7 presid5ts & pr(essors
 9 diff]5t male & female colleges1 & t  
_m o!rs ( !m 7 graduates ( ! be/ lit]>y 

in/itutions 9 ! ,s\?4 ,/ill1 my apology 
= y 01 t y 0 a va9 old g5tleman1 & t to 
li/5 to y1 respectfully1 0 to obey !    
,div9e tea*+ ( "o :o has taught u to be>
 ! infirmities ( ! weak4 ,y\r samples1  
bo? ( read+ & pronunciation1 7 amus+ &  
novel to me4 ,& s f> z ,i c\ld ga!r !   
prevail+ s5tim5t1 x 01 t to adopt y\r   
/yle w\ld r5d] ! read+ ( ! ,scriptures  
p]fectly ridicul\s4  ,9 y\r address to  
,me?odi/ ,"k-,no?+ ,prea*]s1 ,i discov] 
t y are /ill ! man y 7 at ,madison1 9   
#ahdg3 y h a great deal to say ab\t     
y\rself1 & make free use ( ! p]sonal    
pron\n ,i6 ,i advise--,i believe--,i am 
satisfi$--,i w n agree--,i w>n &        
caution--,i fe>1 or ,i appreh5d1 etc4   
,to p>se ! diff]5t s5t5ces 9 y\r p>tisan
 h>angue syntactically1 little else is  
necess>y b to und]/& ! fir/ p]son s+ul>1
 & to repeat ! rule z (t5 z x occurs3 a 
peculi>ity :i* *>act]izes e p>agraph 9  
y\r labor$ address4 ,beside1 ! frequ5t  
use ( ! pron\ns ,i1 me1 my1 m9e1 etc41  
too frequ5tly occur to be wor? e/imat+4 

,& x w be se51 ^u exam9ation1 t n m]ely 
! v]biage1 b ! s5tim5t1 is ?us egoti/ic 
?r\gh\t1 exhibit+ a degree ( arrogance &
 self-importance1 only to be met ) 9 a  
,cl]ical ,loc(oco1 us$ by bad m5 =      
ignoble purposes4 ,to c>ry out ! idea ( 
y\r vanity1 y say 9 ! w9d+ up ( y\r     
address3       ,& n[1 bre?r51 h ,i or   
,mr4 ,wesley hit ^u "o good      reason 
:y y %\ld n h jo9$ ! ,"k-,no?+s8 ,if    
ei!r ( u h1 !n ,i besee* y to come f    
among      !m4 ,if we h n1 !re is yet   
ano!r 9 res]ve :i*1      if x does n    
prevail w %[--or prove to my            
satisfaction      at lea/--t if an angel
 f heav5 7 to d5\nce y\r      ord]1 y   
w\ld cleave to x /ill4  ,any o!r man b  
y\rself w\ld1 f consid]ations ( mode/y1 
h giv5 ,,john ,,wesley ! pref]5ce1 9 ?is
 connection1 & come 9 z second be/4 ,b  
no1 y are fir/ 9 place1 &1 9 y\r own    
e/imation1 9 importance likewise1 z a   
religi\s tea*]4  ,i h no d\bt y consid] 
y\rself a mu* great] man ?an ,john      
,wesley ev] 02 & 9 pro( ( ?is1 ,i ne$   

only cite :at y h said 9 ref]5ce to ,mr4
 ,wesley's opposition to ,romanism3     
,ev5 good old ,john ,wesley caught ! _s 
( ! times1 &      wrote t lett]1 f :i* x
 appe>s he ?\ght if !      ,ca?olics got
 into p[]1 !y w\ld abuse ,prote/ants4   
,:at      abuse !y c\ld h heap$ on !m1  
great] ?an !y heap$      on ,ca?olics1  
%ort ( cutt+ _! ?roats1 ,i _c           
conceive4  ,! only sup]ior y ackn[l$ge  
is ,,c>d9al ,,wiseman1 a bigot$ ,roman  
,ca?olic1 & y seem to knock "u to him q 
reluctantly1 & n )\t in=m+ ! public t y 
h be5 a labori\s /ud5t = =ty ye>s1 & a  
pr(\nd ?9k]4 ,"h is y\r praise3       ,i
 h be5 a pretty sev]e /ud5t = ne> =ty   
ye>s1 &      a labori\s1 if n pr(\nd    
?9k] = a long "t2 b      :5 ,i comp>e   
myself 9 intellectual /ature ) t man1 ,i
      %r9k 9 my own e/imation to !      
insignificance ( a mite4  ,s mu* by way 
( notic+ vanity4 ,y are a lit]>y &      
!ological /> ( ! fir/ magnitude6 ,y are 
an encyclop$ia ( ! le>n+1 sci5ce1       
patriotism1 & religion ( ! c\ntry6 ,sir1

 if y possess$ a little m %eep-fac$     
mode/y1 & c\ld exhibit a little less (  
lion-head$ impud5ce ?an y d1 y w\ld be a
 mu* m useful1 n to say successful m9i/]
 ( ! ,new ,te/am5t6  ,sir1 y h tak5 !   
field 9 opposition to ,"k-,no?+ism1     
pr(ess$ly ?r\gh y\r deep & abid+ conc]n 
= ,*ri/ianity1 & ! int]e/s ( ,me?odism4 
,y say3       ,y _c surely be s weak z  
to suppose y c cru%      ,romanism by   
,"k-,no?+ ag5cies2 b y h almo/ ru9$     
,me?odism by !m already4       ,n[ !    
rul] ( ?is nation is spok5 evil ( by y\r
 p>ty      cont9ually1 & !re=e1 9 !     
judgm5t ( ,wesley1 ,i might      /& up 9
 ! pulpit & def5d him4  ,! tru? is1 y   
are influ5c$ alone by p>tisan political 
feel+s2 & occupy+ a position 9 a        
,mississippi ,college1 9 ! mid/ (       
,fire-eat+ ,disunion ,progressive       
,democracy1 y desire to please !m1 r ?an
 s]ve ! int]e/s ( y\r c\ntry or ,*ur*4  
,to take ! /ump1 or ! pulpit1 9 def5ce (
 ,frank ,pi]ce & 8 corrupt adm9i/ration1
 w\ld be a pleasant talk to y1 :o h be51

 all y\r life-"t1 an invet]ate ,loc(oco 
9 politics1 & a pr(\nd ?9k] 9 favor (   
its iniquit\s measures & pr9ciples4 ,9  
y\r e>ly political tra9+1 y h be5 sway$ 
by int]e/ & popul> favor1 & 9 mo/ cases 
at ! exp5se ( tru?1 j z y n[ are1 9 y\r 
mad v9dication ( ,romanism4 ,a tool =   
o!rs to "w )1 till y h f\nd y\rself 9 a 
condition to use su* tools z y y\rself h
 be51 y are n[ a trimm] & wea!rcock1    
lead+ on m5 ( less s5se ?an y\rself1 to 
su* di/9ction z int]e/ & ambition may   
dictate6  ,sir1 y take ! gr\nd1 ?r\gh\t1
 t !re is no dang] ( ,ca?olics 9 ?is    
c\ntry1 & t !y d n seek to e/abli% _!   
religion4 ,"h is a specim5 ( y\r logic3 
,?ank ,god no religi\s sect c tyrannize 
ov] ano!r 9 ?is      c\ntry1 s long z !y
 all respect ! ,f$]al ,con/itution4     
,until we see1 !n1 ! ,ca?olics treat+ t 
in/rum5t )      disrespect1 x is madness
 to ent]ta9 fe>s ( !m & worse      ?an  
madness to =m comb9ations aga9/ !m4     
,n[1 sir1 ! =ego+ /atem5t is untrue1 & 9
 mak+ x y c\ld n h be5 s9c]e4 ,y are a  

man ( too mu* s5se1 & ( too mu*         
in=mation1 to believe :at y are wick$ly 
try+ to palm ^u o!rs4 ,br[nson's        
,qu>t]ly ,review1 ! mo/ able1 z well z !
 mo/ au!ntic organ ( ,ca?olicism 9 !    
,unit$ ,/ates1 employs ! foll[+ language
 to ! ,am]ican p--m>k x3       ,are y\r 
free in/itutions infallible8 ,are !y    
f\nd$ on      ,div9e "r8 ,?is y d5y4 ,is
 n ! prop] "q =      y to discuss1 !n1 n
 :e!r ! ,papacy be or be n              
compatible ) republican gov]nm5t1 b :e!r
 x be or be      n f\nd$ 9 ,div9e "r8   
,if ! ,papacy be f\nd$ 9      ,div9e "r1
 x is supreme ov] :atev] is f\nd$ only 9
      human "r1 & !n y\r in/itutions    
%\ld be made to      h>monize ) x3 n x )
 y\r in/itutions666 ,! real      "q1 !n1
 is n ! compatibility or !              
incompatibility      ( ! ,ca?olic ,*ur* 
) democratic in/itutions1 b1 ,is      ! 
,ca?olic ,*ur* ! ,*ur* ( ,god8          
,settle ?is "q fir/4 ,b 9 po9t ( fact1  
democracy      is a mis*iev\s dream1    
:]ev] ! ,ca?olic ,*ur* does n           

pr$om9ate1 to inspire ! p ) rev]5ce1 &  
to      tea* & accu/om !m to ob$i5ce to 
au?ority4  ,"h is /ill pla9] language f 
! ,roman ,ca?olic ,bi%op ( ,/4 ,l\is3   
,h]esy & unbelief are crimes2 & 9       
,*ri/ian c\ntries1 z      9 ,italy &    
,spa91 = in/ance1 :]e all ! p are       
,ca?olics1 & :]e ! ,ca?olic religion is 
an ess5tial "p      ( ! law ( ! l&1 !y  
are puni%$ z o!r crimes4  ,"h is :at !  
,bo/on ,pilot says1 a ,ca?olic pap] (   
high /&+3       ,no good gov]nm5t c exi/
 )\t religion1 & !re c      be no       
religion )\t an inquisition1 :i* is     
wisely      design$ = ! promotion &     
protection ( ! true fai?4  ,"h is !     
,%eph]d ( ! ,valley1 publi%$ "u ! eye & 
) ! approbation ( ! ,bi%op ( ,/4 ,l\is3 
,! ,*ur* is1 ( necessity1 intol]ant4    
,h]esy %e endures      :5 & :]e %e mu/2 
b %e hates x1 & directs all      h]     
en]gies to its de/ruction4 ,if ,ca?olics
 ev] ga9 an      imm5se num]ical        
majority1 religi\s fre$om 9 ?is c\ntry  
is at an end3 s say our enemies--s say  

we4  ,& "h is :at ! ,rambl] says1 a     
devot$ ,ca?olic p]iodical1 high 9 !     
confid5ce ( ! ,bi%ops & ,prie/s ( t     
,*ur*3       ,y ask if he 7! ,pope7 7 "l
 9 ! l&1 & y 7      9 ! m9ority1 if n 9 
numb]s1 yet 9 p[]1 :at w\ld he      d to
 y8 ,t1 we say1 w\ld entirely dep5d on  
circum/ances4 ,if x w\ld b5efit ! cause 
( ,ca?olicism1 he      w\ld tol]ate     
y--if exp$i5t1 he w\ld imprison y1 bani%
      y1 f9e y1 probably he might ev5   
hang y2 b1 be assur$      ( "o ?+1 he   
w\ld nev] tol]ate y = ! sake ( !        
'glori\s pr9ciples' ( civil & religi\s  
lib]ty4  ,i c\ld give o!r quotations (  
?is "*1 :i* h met y\r eye long s9ce1 b  
,i =be>1 z !y w\ld ext5d my lett] beyond
 ! limit ,i h prescrib$ = myself4 ,^!   
are ! publications :i*1 9 "p at lea/1 h 
giv5 rise to ! ,"k-,no?+ organization1 s
 cordially hat$ by y4  ,y say !re is no 
dang] ( injury to our in/itutions f !   
rapid /rides ( ,romanism4 ,all[ me to   
ask y\r att5tion to ! foll[+ rem>kable  
political pr$iction by ! ,duke (        

,ri*mond1 late ,gov]nor-,g5]al (        
,canada1 & a ,briti% noble1 :o decl>$   
himself ho/ile to ! ,unit$ ,/ates on all
 occasions4 ,speak+ ( our ,gov]nm5t1 ?is
 deadly enemy said3       ,x w be       
de/roy$2 x ought n1 x w n be p]mitt$    
to exi/4 ,! curse ( ! ,fr5* revolution1 
& subsequ5t      w>s & commotions 9     
,europe1 are to be attribut$ to its     
example2 & s long z x exi/s1 no pr9ce w 
be safe ^u      8 ?rone2 & ! sov]eigns (
 ,europe are aw>e ( x2 &      !y h      
det]m9$ ^u its de/ruction1 & h come to  
an      und]/&+ ^u ?is subject1 & h     
decid$ on ! means      to accompli% x2 &
 !y w ev5tually succe$ by               
,,subv]sion r ?an conque/4 ,all ! l[ &  
surplus      population ( ! diff]5t     
nations ( ,europe w be c>ri$      into t
 c\ntry4 ,x is & w be a receptacle = !  
bad      & disaffect$ population (      
,europe1 :5 !y are n want$      =       
soldi]s1 or to supply ! navies2 & !     
gov]nm5ts (      ,europe w favor su* a  
c\rse4 ,?is w create a surplus      &   

majority ( l[ population1 :o are s v    
easily excit$2      & !y w br+ ) !m _!  
pr9ciples2 & 9 n9e      cases out ( t5  
adh]e to _! anci5t & =m]      gov]nm5ts1
 laws1 mann]s1 cu/oms1 & religion2 & w  
transmit !m to _! po/]ity2 & 9 _m cases 
propagate      !m among ! natives4 ,^!  
m5 w become citiz5s1 &1 by      !       
con/itution & laws1 w be inve/$ ) ! "r (
      suffrage4 ,h5ce1 discord1         
diss5sion1 an>*y & civil      w> w      
ensue2 & "s popul> individual w assume !
      gov]nm5t1 & re/ore ord]1 & !      
sov]eigns ( ,europe1      ! emigrants1 &
 _m ( ! natives w su/a9 him4 ,!         
,*ur* ( ,rome has a design ^u t c\ntry2 
& x w 9      "t be ! e/abli%$ religion1 
& w aid 9 !      de/ruction ( t         
,republic4 ,i h conv]s$ ) _m (      !   
sov]eigns & pr9ces ( ,europe1 & !y h    
unanim\sly      express$ ^! op9ions     
relative to ! gov]nm5t ( !      ,unit$  
,/ates1 & _! det]m9ation to subv]t x4   
,b1 sir1 aft] eulogiz+ ,ca?olics = _!   
devotion to religi\s tol]ation 9 ?is    

c\ntry1 y make two ass]tions1 t\*+ !    
,me?odi/ ,*ur*1 = :i* ,i wi% to arraign 
y1 & = :i* ! au?orities ( said ,*ur*    
ought to arraign y1 "u t section ( our  
,discipl9e :i* =bids rail+ out aga9/ our
 ,doctr9es & ,discipl9e4 ,y say3        
,& if ,i 7 to take ! /ump aga9/ y1 ,i   
w\ld say to      ! hone/ yeomanry ( !   
c\ntry4 ',good p1 if y ?9k      y\r     
lib]ties w be any saf] 9 ! h&s (        
,me?odi/s      ?an ,ca?olics1 y are     
va/ly mi/ak54'       ,i w\ld add1 9     
humiliation b 9 c&or1 ',y h t5      ?\s&
 times m to fe>1 j at ?is "t1 f         
,me?odi/s1 ?an ,ca?olics2 simply because
 ! fir/ are m      num]\s ?an ! la/1    
because ! fir/ are actually 9 !         
field = (fice1 :ile ! la/ are n4'  ,if y
 h ?is op9ion ( ! ,me?odi/ ,*ur*1 y _c  
be an hone/ man & rema9 )9 h]           
jurisdiction4 ,y ought to leave h]      
communion =?)1 & g ov] to ,rome2 & 9 do+
 ?is1 y w\ld n h f> to g6 ,occupy+ !    
position y d1 & hold+ ! s5tim5ts y d1 ,i
 w\ld n s5d a *ild to any s*ool or      

college ov] :i* y might preside4 ,nor d 
,i ?9k any ,prote/ant p>5t or gu>dian   
ought to patronize any s*ool "u y\r c>e4
 ,y\r influ5ce1 :atev] y may possess1 is
 aga9/ ! ,prote/ant fai?1 & 9 favor (   
,ca?olicism4 ,9 a ^w1 y are a dang]\s   
man 9 a ,republican gov]nm5t4  ,^u !    
subject ( religi\s tol]ation by !       
,ca?olics1 y seem to h fall5 into ! same
 error adopt$ by ! ,hon4 ,mr4 ,/eph5s1 (
 ,georgia--a man = :om y h great reg>d  
n[1 b :o1 9 ! days ( ,clay ,:igg]y1 0 a 
/5* 9 y\r ,loc(oco no/rils6 ,mr4 ,/eph5s
 made ! ass]tion1 9 a public spee* 9    
,augu/a1 t ! ,ca?olic ,colony ( ,m>yl&1 
"u ,"l ,baltimore1 0 ! fir/ to e/abli% !
 pr9ciple ( free tol]ation 9 religi\s   
wor%ip4 ,! ,colony ( ,m>yl& 0 a ,ca?olic
 ,colony1 & ! ,tol]ation ,act 0 writt5  
by ,"l ,baltimore himself4 ,t ,act is   
dat$ #ba/ ,april1 #afdi1 :5 ,"l         
,baltimore 0 9 ! z5i? ( 8 glory4 ,"h is 
! language ( t ,act ( religi\s          
tol]ation3       ,d5y+ ! ,holy ,tr9ity  
is to be puni%$ ) dea?1 &               

confiscation ( l& & goods to ! ,"l      
,propriet>y1 7,"l      ,baltimore       
himself674 ,p]sons us+ any reproa*ful   
words      conc]n+ ! ,bless$ ,virg9     
,m>y1 or ! ,holy ,apo/les or            
,evangeli/s1 to be f9$ #e1 or 9 default 
( paym5t to be      publicly :ipp$ &    
imprison$1 at ! pleasure ( 8            
,lord%ip1 7,"l ,baltimore himself67 or (
 8      ,lieut5ant-,g5]al4 ,see ,laws ( 
,m>yl&1 at l>ge1 by ,t4      ,bacon1 ,a4
 ,d4 #agfe4 #af & #ag ,cecilius's ,"l   
,baltimore4  ,god deliv] u f su*        
tol]ation6 ,dea? 0 ! p5alty = express+  
c]ta9 religi\s op9ions1 n acceptable to 
,"l ,baltimore & ! ,holy ,ca?olic ,*ur*6
 ,f9es & :ipp+ at ! po/ 0 ! p5alty =    
speak+ aga9/ ! image-wor%ip ( ! ,ca?olic
 ,*ur*4 ,b ,i ne$ n pursue ?is subject  
fur!r3 ! onus prop&i is on y\r side4    
,speak+ ( ,mr4 ,wesley1 y say3       ,if
 ,wesley 7 alive1 :at w\ld he ?9k ( y\r 
midnight      plots1 & op5 tirades aga9/
 ,papi/s8 ,b a lett] ( 8      has be5   
go+ ! r\nds ( ! newspap]s1 :i* ! ,"k    

,no?+s obvi\sly ?9k gives ! sanction ( t
 good man to      _! movem5t4 ,n s4 ,mr4
 ,wesley 0 n ! man to write z           
inconsi/5tly z _! v]sion ( ?is lett]    
makes him      write4  ,:y1 sir1 ,mr4   
,wesley goes mu* fur!r 9 8 political    
opposition to ,roman ,ca?olics ?an !    
,am]ican p>ty h ev] propos$ to g4 ,!    
,am]ican p>ty say only t !y w n vote =  
,ca?olics1 or put !m 9 (fice1 because _!
 pr9ciples are antagoni/ic to ! _s (    
,republican in/itutions4 ,mr4 ,wesley   
lays d[n ! compreh5sive1 b true doctr9e1
 9 ?is v lett]1 t no gov]nm5t n ,roman  
,ca?olic ought to tol]ate m5 ( ! ,roman 
,ca?olic p]suasion4 ,& to %[ h[ fully & 
cle>ly he su/a9s ?is position1 ,i quote 
f 8 lett] at l5g?4 ,y w f9d ! lett] 9   
,vol4 #e1 page #hag1 ( ,wesley's        
,miscellane\s ,works1 dat$ ,janu>y #ab?1
 #aghj4 ,x 0 orig9ally address$ to !    
,dubl9 ,freeman's ,j\rnal4 ,"h is :at   
,mr4 ,wesley says1 9 ! v lett] y seek to
 d5y out (3       ,i consid] n :e!r !   
,romi% religion is true or false3       

build no?+ on "o or ! o!r supposition4  
,!re=e1 away      ) all y\r common-place
 declamation ab\t intol]ance &          
p]secution = religion6 ,suppose e ^w (  
,pope ,pius's      cre$ to be true6     
,suppose ! ,c\ncil ( ,tr5t to h be5     
infallible2 yet ,i insi/ ^u x t no      
gov]nm5t n ,roman      ,ca?olic ought to
 tol]ate m5 ( ! ,roman ,ca?olic         
p]suasion4       ,i prove ?is by a pla9 
argum5t--let him answ] x t      c--t no 
,roman ,ca?olic does or c give security 
= 8      allegiance or peaceable        
behavior4 ,i prove x ?us3 ,x is a       
,roman ,ca?olic maxim1 e/abli%$ n by    
private m51 b by      public c\ncil1 t  
',no fai? is to be kept ) h]etics4'     
,?is has be5 op5ly av[$ by ! ,c\ncil (  
,con/ance2 b x      has nev] be5 op5ly  
disclaim$4 ,:e!r private p]sons av[     
or disav[ x1 x is a fix$ maxim ( ! ,*ur*
 ( ,rome4 ,b      z long z x is s1 no?+ 
c be m pla9 ?an t !      memb]s ( t     
,*ur* c give no reasonable security to  
any      gov]nm5t = _! allegiance &     

peaceable behavior4      ,!re=e1 !y     
ought n to be tol]at$ by any gov]nm5t1  
,prote/ant1 ,mohamm$an1 or ,pagan4 ,y   
say1 ',nay1 b !y take      an oa? (     
allegiance4' ,true1 five hundr$ oa?s2 b 
!      maxim1 ',no fai? is to be kept ) 
h]etics1' sweeps !m all      away z a   
spid]'s web4 ,s t /ill no gov]nors t are
 n      ,roman ,ca?olics c h any        
security ( _! allegiance4       ,aga91  
^? :o ackn[l$ge ! spiritual p[] ( !     
,pope      c give no security ( _!      
allegiance to any gov]nm5t2 b      all  
,roman ,ca?olics ackn[l$ge ?is3 !re=e !y
 c give      no security = _!           
allegiance4 ,! p[] ( grant+ p>dons      
= all s9s--pa/1 pres5t1 & to come--is1 &
 has be5 =      _m c5turies1 "o bran* ( 
8 spiritual p[]4 ,b ^?      :o ackn[l$ge
 him to h ?is spiritual p[] c give no   
security = _! allegiance1 s9ce !y       
believe ! ,pope c      p>don rebellion1 
high treason1 & all o!r s9s :atev]4     
,! p[] ( disp5s+ ) any promise1 oa?1 or 
v[1 is      ano!r bran* ( ! spiritual   

p[] ( ! ,pope3 all :o      ackn[l$ge 8  
spiritual p[] mu/ ackn[l$ge ?is4 ,b     
:oev] ackn[l$ges ! disp5s+ p[] ( !      
,pope1 c give      no security = 8      
allegiance to any gov]nm5t4 ,oa?s &     
promises are none3 !y are z light z     
air--a disp5sation      makes !m null & 
void4 ,nay1 n only ! ,pope1 b ev5 a     
prie/ has p[] to p>don s9s6 ,?is is an  
ess5tial doctr9e      ( ! ,*ur* ( ,rome4
 ,b !y t ackn[l$ge ?is1 _c      possibly
 give any security = _! allegiance to   
any      gov]nm5t4 ,oa?s are no security
 at all2 = ! prie/ c      p>don bo?     
p]jury & high treason4 ,sett+ _!        
religion      aside1 x is pla9 t1 ^u    
pr9ciples ( reason1 no      gov]nm5t    
ought to tol]ate m5 :o _c give any      
security      to t gov]nm5t = _!        
allegiance & peaceful behavior4      ,b 
?is1 no ,romani/ c d2 n only :ile he    
holds t 'no      fai? is to be kept )   
h]etics1' b s long z he      ackn[l$ges 
ei!r prie/ly absolution1 or ! spiritual 
p[]      ( ! ,pope4       ,if any "o    

pleases to answ] ?is1 & set 8 "n1 ,i    
%all      probably reply4 ,b !          
productions ( anonym\s writ]s ,i d      
n promise to take any notice (4       ,i
 am1 sir1 y\r humble s]vant1            
,,john ,,wesley4       ,,city ,,road1   
,janu>y #ab1 #aghj4  ,b1 sir1 y "k z    
well z any liv+ man t ! hi/ory ( !      
,*ur*1 f ! days ( ! fir/ ,pope d[n to ! 
iniquit\s reign ( ,pius ,,ix41 su/a9s   
,mr4 ,wesley 9 8 views on ?is subject1 &
 ju/ifies ! /eps tak5 by ! ,am]ican     
p>ty4 ,not)/&+ ! (t-repeat$ pr(ession ( 
,ca?olic lib]ality & ,romi% tol]ation1 s
 triumphantly p>ad$ by y1 & o!r int]e/$ 
aspirants & unpr9cipl$ demagogues1 !    
,ca?olic ,*ur* has inv>iably %[n h]self 
to be de/itute ( bo?1 :5ev] %e _h !     
opportunity ( us+ !m4 ,sir1 intol]ance  
is an elem5t ( h] fai?1 & p]secution a  
specim5 ( h] piety2 & no man kn[s x     
bett] ?an y d4 ,9 tak+ ^u h]self !      
obligation ( true ob$i5ce to ! ,pope1 ! 
,ca?olic ,*ur* imposes ^u h]self a task 
t proves beyond all d\bt %e _c1 "u any  

circum/ances1 rema9 fai?ful to t        
obligation1 & yet ma9ta9 allegiance to  
su* a gov]nm5t z ours6  ,sir1 ,i h no   
pati5ce ) a ,prote/ant m9i/] :o /&s =? z
 ! apologi/ ( ,ca?olicism2 nor h ,i any 
confid5ce 9 "o :o does x1 provid$ he is 
a man ( intellig5ce1 z ,i admit y to be4
 ,! only excuse ,i c r5d] = y\r /range &
 inconsi/5t conduct is1 t y are 9 y\r   
dotage2 t y are a viol5t old p>tisan2 & 
t y are ! tool ( design+ demagogues1    
infam\s disunioni/s1 & unmitigat$       
repudiators4 ,i %all n be at all        
surpris$ to he> t y h apo/atiz$ f !     
,me?odi/ ,*ur*1 & gone ov] to ! ,roman  
,ca?olics4 ,i le>n f ! ,little ,rock    
,gazette1 a ,democratic pap]1 t b ! o!r 
day1 ,gov4 ,e4 ,n4 ,c>way1 ( ,arkansas1 
a memb] ( ! ,me?odi/ ,*ur*1 _h actually 
apo/atiz$ f ,me?odism1 & ! ,prote/ant   
fai?1 & unit$ ) ! ,roman ,ca?olics4 ,&  
:at makes 8 defection f ! fai? ( 8 fa!rs
 /ill m notori\s1 8 organ is d[n ^u !   
,prote/ant cl]gy 9 bitt] & unrel5t+     
d5unciations6 ,i believe t y are prep>+ 

to g ov] to ! ,roman ,ca?olics2 & to    
ju/ify y\r *ange1 :5 ! "t comes1 y n[   
ass]t1 9 humiliation b 9 c&or1 y say1 t 
! p h t5 ?\s& times m to fe> f ,me?odi/s
 ?an f ,ca?olics4 ,if y believe ?is1 y  
ought to leave ! ,me?odi/ ,*ur*         
in/antly1 ev5 )\t ! =malities ( a       
)drawal or expulsion--ev5 ?\gh y %\ld be
 d5i$ admittance into ! ,ca?olic ,*ur*6 
,i d5y t we h t5 ?\s& times m to fe> f !
 ,devil ?an we h f ! ,ca?olics2 &       
accord+ to y\r argum5t1 ! ,me?odi/s are 
worse ?an ! ,devil6 ,?is1 _! mo/ bitt]  
revil]s & enemies d n believe2 & =      
obvi\s reasons4 ,! ,me?odi/ ,*ur* has no
 ,/4 ,b>?olomew's ,day1 ) its riv]s (   
blood /a9+ h] g>m5ts3 %e nev]           
indiscrim9ately slaught]$ ! ,albig5ses1 
or ,wald5ses1 or ,hugu5ots3 %e nev]     
e/abli%$ an inf]nal ,inquisition3 %e    
nev] lit up ! fires ( ,smi?field3 nev]  
burn$ ! ,holy ,bible1 & prohibit$1 ^u   
pa9 ( et]nal dea?1 ! pr9t+ & circulat+ (
 ,god's ^w2 & la/1 b n lea/1 %e has n   
s\ght to keep ! p 9 ignorance4 ,:]ev]   

,me?odism has be5 plant$1 ! p h become  
great & happy4 ,if y please1 :]ev]      
,prote/antism has prevail$1 ! p h be5   
prosp]\s & happy4 ,b look to ,old ,spa91
 ,italy1 ! ,g]man ,conf$]acies1 ,s>d9ia1
 ,naples1 ,au/ria1 ,belgium1 ,portugal1 
,bav>ia1 ,bad51 ,s\? ,am]ica1 & ,mexico1
 :]e ,romanism is ! e/abli%$ religion1 &
 ! places ( h] influ5ce are a hiss+ & a 
by-^w 9 ! eyes ( ! civiliz$ _w6         
,prote/antism has done m = ! _w 9 ! la/ 
hundr$ ye>s ?an ! ,roman ,ca?olic ,*ur* 
has = ! eighte5 hundr$ ye>s6  ,sir1 !   
,puritans1 ( ,new ,engl&2 ! ,holl&]s1 ( 
,new ,york2 ! ,quak]s1 ,lu!rans1 &      
,g]man ,re=m$1 ( ,p5nsylvania2 !        
,bapti/s1 ( ,rhode ,isl&2 !             
,episcopalians & ,presbyt]ians1 (       
,virg9ia2 ! ,lu!rans & foll[]s ( ,wesley
 & ,:itefield1 ( ,georgia2 ! ,hugu5ots &
 ,episcopalians1 ( ! ,c>ol9as2 & !      
,sec$]s 9 sev]al ( ! ,/ates1 :o 7 !     
religi\s pione]s ( ^! ,/ates1 7 all     
,prote/ants & ,"k ,no?+s2 & if !y 7     
liv+1 !y w\ld be a%am$ ( y & y\r tea*+s4

 ,!y select$ ?is wild]ness c\ntry z _!  
home1 9 ord] t !y might enjoy ^?        
religi\s privileges f :i* !y _h be5     
deb>r$ 9 ! old _w1 by ! v ,*ur* & p y   
are seek+ to v9dicate4  ,b y w say1 z y 
h done 9 sub/ance1 t ?is is no long] !  
*>act]i/ic ( ,romanism4 ,:y is x n8 ,has
 %e ev] *ang$ = ! bett]8 ,:5 did %e     
r5\nce h] doctr9es & practices8 ,nev]6  
,rome is ! same tyrannical sy/em n[1 :]e
 %e has ! p[]1 t %e ev] has be51 & = ev]
 mu/ be4 ,wo to ?is l& ( ours1 if ev]   
,rome gets ! asc5dancy "h6 ,h] cre$ is !
 same "h & n[1 9 ?is respect1 t x has   
ev]y:]e be51 & mu/ always be4 ,x is h]  
boa/ t %e is always "r1 & kn[s no *ange4
 ,%e practices h] unholy inquisitorial &
 ,jesuitical doctr9es 9 ?is c\ntry1 z f>
 z %e c & d>e act !m out4 ,h] :ole sy/em
 is adv]se to our republican in/itutions
 & %e hesitates n to decl>e x4 ,%e has  
publicly burn$ our ,bible 9 diff]5t     
,/ates 9 ?is ,union1 & rec5tly1 9 ,new  
,york & ,p5nsylvania4 ,ar*bi%op ,hughes1
 ! ,head ( ! ,ca?olic ,*ur* 9 ?is       

c\ntry1 has tak5 an oa?1 adm9i/]$ by !  
,pope ( ,rome1 ( :i* ?is is a "p3       
,h]etics1 s*ismatics1 & rebels to our   
said ,"l 7! ,pope7      or 8 a=esaid    
successors1 ,i w1 to my utmo/ p[]1      
p]secute & wage w> )4  ,! ,*ur* ( ,rome 
decl>es all :o are n its memb]s to be   
h]etics4 ,x is pa9ful1 9 view ( all ^!  
?+s1 to see an old ,prote/ant m9i/]1 ^: 
head has be5 )]$ by ! fro/s ( sev5ty    
w9t]s1 op5ly 9 ! field advocat+ a ,*ur* 
^: ,bi%ops1 ,prie/s1 & memb]s are drunk5
 ) ! blood ( sa9ts4  ,!re is b "o rema9+
 feature ( y\r s+ul> address to ,"k     
,no?+ ,me?odi/ ,prea*]s to be repli$ to1
 & ,i am ?r\gh4 ,y assail ! new p>ty on 
! score ( its secrecy1 & ( its          
concealm5t ( its acts f ! public4 ,_h   
?is objection come f any "o b a ,me?odi/
 ,prea*]1 & a kn[n advocate (           
,class-meet+s be+ held ) clos$ doors1 ,i
 w\ld n[ dispose ( x )\t occupy+ z mu*  
space z ,i %all d 9 my conclud+ rem>ks6 
,not)/&+ all ! secrecy 9 ! new ,ord] (  
,"k ,no?+s has be5 set aside by ! act ( 

! ,national ,c\ncil :i* creat$ x2 &     
not)/&+ our memb]s tell all ab\t _!     
,c\ncils1 :]e & :5 !y meet1 & our       
orators read out & publi% to ! _w our   
obligations1 rules1 & pr9ciples1 x is   
/ill object$ t ours is a secret ,ord]1  
liable to be us$ = bad purposes2 t we   
travel ab\t ) d>k lant]ns2 t our        
proce$+s are n re/ra9$ by ! :olesome    
*eck ( public op9ion6  ,n[1 ?is1 ! great
 objection to our ,ord]1 comes f m5 :o  
belong to ,lodges ( ,free ,masons & ,odd
 ,fell[s1 & :o h tak5 all ! b9d+ oa?s   
atta*$ to ! diff]5t degrees ( ^!        
respective ,ord]s6 ,! same objection is 
urg$ aga9/ ! ,am]ican p>ty1 by m5 :o    
belong to ! ,ord] ( ,sons ( ,temp]ance1 
:o h deem$ a rigid secret organization  
necess>y to combat successfully a       
dome/ic evil6 ,x is urg$ 9 bitt]ness    
aga9/ ! ,ord]1 by demagogues & p>tisans1
 :o h act$ = ye>s ) ! secret political  
conclaves ( _! respective p>ties1 :o h  
held _! meet+s ) clos$ doors--kept _!   
places ( meet+ a pr(\nd secret--& :5 !y 

h adj\rn$1 !y h enjo9$ secrecy ^u all   
pres5t6 ,la/1 b n lea/1 ?is secret      
feature is urg$ aga9/ ! ,am]ican        
organization by ! vile apologi/s = !    
,ca?olic ,*ur*1 & its corrupt ,prie/hood
 & memb]%ip1 9 ?is c\ntry4 ,^!          
demagogues "k t ! ,roman ,ca?olic ,*ur* 
is a secret society1 direct$ by a       
tal5t$1 design+1 & villa9\s             
,,hi]>*y--absolutely controll$ by an    
anti-,republican ,prie/hood1 to a degree
 :i* has nev] be5 ex]cis$ by any        
political p>ty 9 ! kn[n _w6 ,!          
,confessional is a secret tribunal1 be=e
 :i* e memb] ( t ,*ur* is requir$ to    
make kn[n1 n only immoral actions1 b e  
?\ght & purpose ( ! he>t1 & ^u pa9 (    
incurr+ ! ana!ma ( ! ,*ur*1 :i* is      
equival5t to a s5t5ce ( et]nal          
damnation6 ,! corrupt ord] ( ,,jesuits1 
! infam\s society ( ,,san ,,f$e/i1 & !  
inf9itely inf]nal society ( ,,iri%      
,,ribbon ,,m5--^! are all oa?-b\nd      
societies ( ! ,ca?olic ,*ur*1 connect$  
directly ) ! horrid op]ations ( ! ,holy 

,inquisition4  ,n[1 ,i put ! "q to any  
man ( reason & common s5se1 if ,roman   
,ca?olics & _! patriotic ,democratic    
admir]s & advocates1 9 ?is c\ntry1 are n
 ! la/ m5 on e>? :o %\ld object to !    
secret do+s ( ! ord] ( ,"k ,no?+s1 ev5  
if _! secrecy 7 kept up8 ,e ,roman      
,ca?olic 9 ! kn[n _w is "u ! absolute   
control ( a secret society1 by          
consid]ations n only ( a temporal1 b (  
an ,,et]nal ,,weight6  ,b ,i am n done )
 ^! ,democratic oppos]s ( ,,secrecy4 ,! 
,conv5tion :i* =m$ ! ,con/itution ( !   
,unit$ ,/ates1 sat 9 ! old ,/ate ,h\se 9
 ,philadelphia1 ) clos$ doors1 f ! #be? 
( ,may to ! #ag? ( ,septemb]1 want+ only
 eight days ( f\r mon?s4 ,t body ( m5 _h
 a ,doorkeep] & ,s]geant-at-arms1 bo? "u
 oa?1 to keep _! doors b>r$1 & all _!   
proce$+s a secret4 ,s says ,mr4         
,jeff]son's biography6 ,& su* m5 z      
,wa%+ton1 ,adams1 ,jeff]son1 ,madison1  
,frankl91 ,h>rison1 ,hancock1 ,hopk9s1 &
 o!rs1 compos$ t body6 ,dur+ ! w> ( !   
,revolution1 ,g5]al ,wa%+ton1 ,g5]als   

,lee1 ,wayne1 ,m>ion1 & o!rs1 organiz$ a
 secret ,am]ican ,society1 ) its bran*es
 ext5d+ f ,nor? to ,s\?1 hav+ _!        
passwords1 signs1 & grips1 & writ+ to   
ea* o!r 9 figures1 & an unkn[n tongue1 z
 ! ,"k ,no?+s h be5 do+1 & all1 too1 ) a
 view to oppose ,=eign intrigues &      
oppressions6 ,x is z well kn[n z any    
political tru?1 t ,g5]al ,,wa%+ton1 at !
 "t ( 8 dea?1 0 ! ,presid5t ( !         
,c9c9nati ,society1 a secret political  
society1 9 :i*1 we see x /at$ on        
unque/ionable au?ority1 no man 0        
eligible to memb]%ip unless he 0 a      
native ,am]ican4 ,! ,columbian ,ord]1   
kn[n z ! ,tammany ,society1 0 a secret  
political society1 & highly influ5tial1 
& ma9ta9s its exi/5ce to ?is day1 & )\t 
dang] to ! lib]ties ( ! c\ntry4 ,g54    
,,sam ,,h\/on publi%es to ! _w t himself
 & ,g54 ,,jackson 7 memb]s ( ?is        
,society4 ,:at say ! anti-,am]icans to  
all ^! facts8 ,d !y believe t ,g54      
,wa%+ton1 or ,jackson1 w\ld h unit$ )   
any association or ord] n purely        

,am]ican8 ,w\ld ei!r h ent]$ into any   
political league1 :5 secrecy 0 enjo9$1  
if he _h n approv$ ( ! pr9ciple (       
secrecy 9 political associations8 ,nev]6
 ,f ! *>act]s ( ,wa%+ton & ,jackson--!  
sacrifices !y made = _! c\ntry1 unit$ ) 
_! f]vid patriotism1 & _! kn[n pref]5ce 
= e ?+ ,am]ican1 ,i d n d\bt = "o mom5t1
 t if !y 7 bo? n[ liv+1 !y w\ld unite ) 
! v]itable ,ord] ( ,"k ,no?+s6  ,i      
believe ! h& ( ,god to be 9 ?is v       
movem5t1 & z mu* 9 ! secrecy ( x1 9 !   
outset1 z 9 any o!r feature4 ,i reg>d ! 
movem5t z "o gr[+ out ( a great crisis 9
 ! affairs ( our c\ntry1 & a precursor (
 a s\nd1 heal?ful1 & vigor\s            
nationality1 & :i* w ultimately prev5t !
 lib]ties ( ?is c\ntry f be+ de/roy$1 by
 ! ma*9ations ( su* demagogues &        
factioni/s z n[ seek to excuse          
,romanism1 & fell[%ip ,=eign ,paup]ism4 
,secret societies are only dang]\s to   
despots & tyrants1 & hi/ory %[s t ^!    
above all o!rs h made w> ^u !m4 ,!y h   
d5\nc$ & proscrib$ ,masonry 9 e qu>t] ( 

! globe1 :]e !y h _h ! p[]4 ,! ,pope1 ) 
! aid ( 8 ,c>d9als1 has cru%$ ! anci5t  
ord] ( ,free ,masons 9 8 dom9ions4 ,!re 
is n a ,masonic ,lodge 9 ,italy4 ,9 our 
own c\ntry1 n a s+le ,ca?olic is to be  
f\nd associat$ ) ! ord] ( ,free ,masons2
 & :y8 ,masonry is f\nd$ ^u ! ,bible1 & 
requires ! read+ ( ! ,prote/ant ,bible 9
 all its ,lodges1 & ?is don't suit      
,romanism4 ,we /ate ^! g5]al & hi/orical
 facts1 )\t kn[+ any ?+ ( our own k (   
,masonry4  ,9 ! "y & gr[+ city (        
,knoxville1 x is )9 our own k1 t _m ( ! 
,iri% ,ca?olics atta*$ !mselves to !    
,ord] ( ! ,sons ( ,temp]ance1 ) a view1 
z !y said1 ( ?r[+ ar\nd !m ! :olesome   
re/ra9ts ( ! ,ord]4 ,on ! fir/ visit ( a
 prie/ to ! city1 commonly call$ ,fa!r  
,br[n1 ^! ,iri% ,ca?olics began to drop 
(f "o by "o1 until n "o ( !m is n[ 9 !  
,ord]1 & mo/ ( ^? :o 71 are daily se5   
drunk 9 our /reets4 ,inde$1 "s ( !m 9   
)draw+ _h ! c&or to ackn[l$ge t ! prie/ 
requir$ !m to d s6 ,& :y8 ,because1 9   
all ! ,divisions ( ! ,sons ( ,temp]ance 

"h1 we h ! ,prote/ant ,scriptures read1 
& h ,prote/ant pray]s (f]$ up4 ,?is     
don't suit ! ,*ur* ( ,rome6       ,i h !
 honor to be1 v truly & frankly1        
,w4 ,g4 ,,br[nl[4     ,,to ,,! ,,"r     
,,rev]5d ,,a>on ,v4 ,,br[n1 ,m4 ,s4     
,,sir3--,i h receiv$ by mail a pamphlet 
copy ( y\r ,lett] to ! ,bi%ops1 ,eld]s1 
& o!r ,m9i/]s1 ,it9]ant & ,local1 ( !   
,me?odi/ ,episcopal ,*ur* ,s\?1 cov]+   
tw5ty-eight octavo pages4 ,i ?ank y = a 
copy ( y\r ,pa/oral address2 & ,i am    
happy to be able to inf] f its tea*+s t 
y h made a pr(ession ( religion1 be=e   
tak+ ^u y\rself ,holy ,ord]s4 ,i suppose
 ! "t ( y\r conv]sion1 y date back to ! 
memorable p]iod :5 y saw sights on ,m\nt
 ,pisgah1 & _h conf]r$ on y ! degree (  
,mod]n ,se]1 & ent]$ ^u ! duties ( ,high
 ,prie/ ( ,democracy6 ,z ,i am "o ( !   
p>ties address$1 & ! cu/oms ( ! ,*ur* & 
! c\ntry require a response to s grave a
 docum5t1 ,i h felt x incumb5t ^u me to 
p]=m ! task4 ,i may /yle ?is ! ,la/     
epi/le ( ,a>on1 ! ,prie/1 & illu/ri\s   

,*ief ( ,=eign ,ca?olic ,sag ,ni*t      
,loc(ocoism6  ,my fir/ impulses 71 ^u   
read+ y\r address1 to call = y\r        
cr$5tials1 & to exam9e into y\r au?ority
 = assum+ to dictate to ! entire ,m9i/ry
 ( ! ,s\!rn portion ( ! ,me?odi/ ,*ur*4 
,y mu/ ei!r ent] ! ,ecclesia/ical r+ "u 
! imposition ( ! h&s ( ,,bi%op ,,s\le or
 ,&y ,johnson4 ,if ,,bi%op ,,s\le orda9$
 y = ! ,m9i/ry1 & set y ap>t z !        
,lieut5ant-,g5]al ( ! ,me?odi/          
,episcopal ,*ur* ,s\?1 ! presumption is 
t he exam9$ y on doctr9al po9ts1 & ^u   
all que/ions affect+ ! gov]nm5t ( !     
,*ur*1 z 0 8 duty1 & is our cu/om1 & t  
he f\nd y or?odox6 ,x foll[s1 z a matt] 
( c\rse1 t y r5\nc$ y\r h]esy y advocat$
 9 ! ,h>t=d ,conv5tion1 held at         
,na%ville1 & t y obta9$ =giv5ess = t &  
num]\s o!r s9s ( omission &             
commission--aye1 = ! :ole catalogue (   
y\r inw>d & outw>d iniquities1 :i* s    
em95tly disqualifi$ y = ! "w ( !        
,m9i/ry6 ,b if ,&y ,johnson orda9$ y = !
 "w1 ( :i* !re is no sort ( d\bt1 !     

,*ur* ,s\?1 ?r\gh me1 prote/s aga9/ y\r 
au?ority1 & utt]ly refuses to submit to 
y\r tea*+s4 ,our ,*ur* does n agree )   
,johnson on ! ,:ite ,basis issue1 or !  
great "q ( slav]y2 & 9 pro( ( ?is1 ,i   
cite to ! fact ( h] sep>ation f ! ,nor?1
 9 #ahdd1 ^u ?is v "q4 ,%e has )9 h]    
b\nds ( communion1 ri* m5 & poor1       
educat$ & un$ucat$1 & is unwill+ to     
unite ) him 9 array+ ! poor aga9/ ! ri*1
 or ! unle>n$ aga9/ ! le>n$4 ,nor does  
our ,*ur* believe t ,jesus ,*ri/ 0 a    
,loc(oco1 z ,johnson ass]ts 9 8         
,inaugural1 & held t ,*ri/ianity &      
,democracy1 9 conv]g+ l9es1 l$ to ! foot
 ( ,jacob's ,ladd]1 & !nce to heav51 via
 ,m\nt ,pisgah1 f ^: l(ty summit y fir/ 
beheld ! promis$ l&6  ,x !re=e foll[s1  
t1 9 pres5t+ y\rself z a spiritual lead]
 9 ! ,*ur*1 call$ to ! "w1 z y h be51 by
 ,&y ,johnson1 y\r case is fully met by 
a quotation f ,job3       ,n[ !re 0 a   
day :5 ! sons ( ,god came to pres5t     
!mselves be=e ! ,"l1 & ,satan came also 
among !m4  ,a second passage1 f ! ,book 

( ,j]emiah1 meets y\r case1 & leaves no 
d\bt t ! inspir$ ,prophet _h y 9 8 eye3 
,we h he>d ! pride ( ,moab1 7he is      
exce$+ly pr\d17      8 l(t9ess1 & 8     
arrogance1 & 8 pride1 & 8               
haught9ess ( he>t4       ,i "k 8 wra?1  
sai? ! ,"l2 b x %all n be s2 8      lies
 %all n s effect x4  ,to be c&id ) y1   
,gov4 ,br[n1 ,i reg>d y\r address1 "u   
all ! circum/ances1 z a display ( ! mo/ 
braz5-fac$ assurance & ! mo/ unmitigat$ 
impud5ce ,i ev] met ) 9 my life6 ,i h   
kn[n = ye>s t y 7 capable ( great       
presumption1 b 9 ?is insol5t &          
dictatorial address y surpass y\rself--y
 positively out-,h]od ,h]od6 ,9 ! :ole  
hi/ory ( ! c\ntry1 & ( p>ties1 ,i v5ture
 ! ass]tion1 t a p>allel piece (        
impud5ce1 & d[nright bold-fac$          
assurance1 _c be po9t$ to1 z ! act ( any
 p>tisan4 ,x is really pa/ all belief1  
if ,i _h n y\r production be=e me4 ,b m 
( ?is h]eaft]4  ,copies ( y\r pamphlet 7
 di/ribut$ ?r\gh ! aisles & seats ( !   
,annual ,conf]5ce room 9 ,na%ville1 & h 

be5 s5t all ov] ! ,s\?1 to memb]s ( o!r 
,conf]5ces4 ,y\r pro(-%eet 0 se5 t5 days
 be=e ! meet+ ( ! ,middle ,t5nessee     
,conf]5ce1 & y\r "w ( fai? & labor (    
love 0 ready = di/ribution :5 !         
,conf]5ce fir/ conv5$1 b y held x back  
till ! ,conf]5ce 0 ready to adj\rn1 & to
 a p]iod s late1 t a reply1 if "o _h be5
 deem$ necess>y1 c\ld n be made4 ,?is 0 
c[>dly1 & 9 keep+ ) y\r political       
tactics & code ( morals4 ,9 say+ t ?is 0
 9 keep+ ) y\r code ( morals1 ,i allude 
to ! ,woodb]ry affair4  ,i %all n[ take 
up y\r address1 ,gov]nor1 & wade ?r\gh  
its tw5ty-eight pages ( d\ble-di/ill$   
,sag ,ni*tism1 sublimat$ impud5ce1 &    
conceal$ advocacy ( ,romanism1 mix$ up )
 contradictions1 false ass]tions1 & gl>+
 absurdities1 z x is1 f beg9n+ to end4  
,9 ! op5+ p>agraph1 y pr$icate y\r "r to
 in/ruct ! ,bi%ops1 ,eld]s1 & o!r       
,m9i/]s ( ! entire ,*ur*1 ,s\?1 ^u !    
real or assum$ fact1 t y are ,! son ( a 
n[ sa9t$ fa!r1 :o = =ty ye>s m9i/]$ at  
y\r alt>s1 ! co-labor] ( t noble b& (   

,*ri/ian m9i/]s1 :o1 "u ,asbury & ,coke1
 f\nd$ y\r ,*ur* 9 ,am]ica6  ,alas1 t   
any sa9t$ ,fa!r %\ld be repres5t$ by s  
deg5]ate a son--an irreligi\s son--n a  
memb] ( any ,*ur*--b hav+ ! h>dihood1 9 
! face ( ^? :o "k ! facts1 to disguise  
himself 9 ! prie/ly robes ( a sa9t$     
,fa!r--l an ass 9 a lion's sk91 to bray 
out aga9/ bett] m5 ?an himself1 or1 l a 
wolf 9 %eep's clo?+1 to /eal into !     
fold1 :]e t ,fa!r 0 accu/om$ to m9i/] 9 
holy ?+s1 & ) s(t & honey$ words1 &     
hypocritical tea*+s1 & ,satan-l         
misrepres5tations1 seek :om he may      
dev\r6 ,y tell ! ,bi%ops1 ,eld]s1 & o!r 
,m9i/]s1 t y really approve _! cre$1 &1 
:at is /ill m s\l-*e]+1 y h witness$ _! 
gr[? & progress = ye>s1 ) ! highe/      
satisfaction4 ,?is is v condesc5d+ 9 !  
son ( a n[ sa9t$ fa!r6 ,x is q flatt]+6 
,b ^! ,bi%ops1 ,eld]s1 & o!r ,m9i/]s1   
w\ld receive all ?is ) a great] degree (
 all[ance1 if !y did n believe t y\r    
g5]\s patronage1 s lavi%ly be/[$ ^u !m &
 _! cre$1 0 prompt$ by a pr9ciple ( :i* 

selfi%ness is ! s\l6 ,!y believe1 & s   
express !mselves 9 conv]sation1 t y\r   
=c$ smile ( approbation1 y\r reluctant  
eulogy1 h bo? be5 wrung f y1 because y  
are a sycophantic p>tisan suitor =      
patronage1 9 ! way ( votes = y\r p>ty4  
,^! ,cl]gym5 :om y address1 ?9k x a     
great pity t ! son ( a n[ sa9t$ fa!r    
%\ld exhibit s mu* satisfaction at      
witness+ _! prosp]ity1 9 !ory1 & manife/
 n "o p>ticle 9 practice4 ,!y ?9k t y   
w\ld be 9 y\r prop] place1 to be f\nd   
among ! m\rn]s1 in/ead ( ! tea*]s 9 _!  
,*ur*2 & t x is high "t1 consid]+ y\r   
age 9 life1 & ! ext5t ( y\r iniquities1 
t y %\ld be f\nd ^u y\r knees1 9 an alt>
 full ( fre% /raw1 at an old-fa%ion$    
,camp-,meet+1 ask+ ! pi\s to pray = y1 &
 ,god1 = ! sake ( ! =ty ye>s labors ( a 
n[ sa9t$ fa!r1 to h m]cy ^u y1 & save   
y\r s9ful old s\l f t dea? t nev] dies4 
,:y1 ,sir1 ! ,devil himself w\ld blu% to
 p]petrate su* an act ( arrogance z y h 
done1 9 ?us volunte]+ y\r advice to !   
,bi%ops1 ,eld]s1 & o!r ,m9i/]s1 ( !     

,me?odi/ ,*ur*4 ,an old political p>ty  
hack1 :o is n n[1 & nev] 01 a memb] (   
any ,*ur*--an intrigu+ old s9n]1 :o nev]
 ev5 att5ds ,*ur*1 & :o1 9 ?is respect1 
%[s t he nei!r fe>s ,god1 respects !    
,*ri/ian ,sabba?1 nor approves ! cre$ ( 
any or?odox d5om9ation1 to be lectur+ a 
num]\s body ( ,cl]gym51 z to :at !y     
ought or ought n to d1 x is ! culm9ation
 ( all t is call$ effront]y6 ,! ,bi%ops1
 ,eld]s1 & o!r ,m9i/]s ( ! ,me?odi/     
,*ur*1 wi% ! evid5ce ( y\r conv]sion to 
,god1 be=e !y cons5t to obey y1 z hav+ !
 rule ov] !m4 ,y\r approval ( _! cre$1 &
 ! satisfaction ) :i* y h witness$ _!   
progress1 is n suffici5t to satisfy _!  
d\bt+ m9ds1 z long z y cont9ue to ride  
into ,na%ville on ,sabba?1 & retail     
political slang at ! ,,inn1 or read ,sag
 ,ni*t pap]s at ! ,union ,(fice1 to !   
neglect ( ! h\se ( ,god1 & ! evil       
example set be=e "y m51 aga9/ ! /atute 9
 su* cases made & provid$6 ,we mu/1 z   
,m9i/]s1 he> y relate y\r exp]i5ce1 9 a 
regul> class-meet+4 ,nay1 m1 kn[+ y\r   

rais+1 & y\r ability to deceive1 ev5 ! v
 elect1 we mu/ see y d[n ^u y\r         
m>r[-bones1 surr\nd$ by noisy & zeal\s  
(ficials1 p\nd+ y on ! back1 & exclaim+1
 z 9 ! days ( y\r sa9t$ fa!r1 ,pray on1 
,a>on6 ,we mu/ he> y groan--we mu/ see  
y\r s9ful old bosom heave--we mu/       
witness ! fall+ ( big te>s1 z y publicly
 confess & manfully rep5t ( y\r         
misde$s--( ! :ole catalogue1 ( all !    
inw>d & outw>d iniquities ( y\r pa/     
life--y\r s9s ( omission & commission1  
:i* ,god kn[s are m num]\s ?an ! hairs  
^u y\r old s9ful head6 ,i say we mu/ see
 all ?is1 & ev5 m1 be=e we c h fai? 9   
y\r tea*+s1 z big z ev5 a gra9 ( mu/>d  
se$6  ,b y are ! son ( a n[ sa9t$       
fa!r--y d]ive great satisfaction f !    
gr[? & progress ( ,me?odism--y approve !
 ,me?odi/ cre$--& h5ce1 a glori\s future
 awaits ! ,me?odi/ ,*ur*3 provid$       
always1 t h] ,bi%ops1 ,eld]s1 & o!r     
,m9i/]s he>k5 to & obey y\r tea*+s1 a ?+
 !y are v c]ta9 n to d1 9 ! matt] "u    
consid]ation4 ,x is a melan*oly fact1 t 

_m ( ! sons ( ,me?odi/1 & o!r ,m9i/]s1  
are v wick$ & unpromis+ m52 & x is      
equally true1 & c]ta9ly notori\s1 t :]e 
!y turn out to be s9n]s1 !y are s9n]s   
above all (f5d]s1 dwell+ ei!r at        
,j]usalem or else:]e6 ,i h no hesitancy 
9 pron\nc+ y z h>d a case1 9 a moral    
po9t ( view1 z ev] came be=e ! ,*ur*1 & 
! only appropriate reply h]             
ecclesia/ical dignit>ies c make to y\r  
address1 is to appo9t a day ( fa/+ &    
pray] to ,god1 = y\r conv]sion1 to be   
obs]v$ ?r\gh\t h] bord]s4 ,i n[1 z !    
appo9t$ organ ( ! ,*ur*1 set ap>t ! fir/
 day ( ,janu>y1 #ahef1 & ,i pray y1 z "o
 desir+ ! salvation ( y\r s\l1 to be 9 !
 _s & 9 a prop] frame ( m9d on t day6   
,humble y\rself be=e ,god--tell him t y 
7 9 error 9 /eal+ ! liv]y ( ,heav5 to   
s]ve ! ,devil 96 ,tell him t y are an   
old worn-out political hack--t y h gr[n 
gray 9 ! s]vice ( s9--t dur+ ! :ole ( a 
some:at ev5tful life1 y\r labors h be5 9
 ! dirtie/ pools ( p>ty politics--t y h 
be5 ins9c]e & unscrupul\s 9 all y\r     

tea*+s & acts--t y /& be=e ! p (        
,t5nessee publicly br&$ by eight        
respectable & reliable citiz5s ( ,wilson
 c\nty1 z a falsifi] 9 ! ,"k ,no?+      
controv]sy ( ! pa/ summ]--& t y are     
sorry = hav+ come =? /eep$ to ! nose &  
*9 9 political pr(ligacy1 to lecture    
grave ,cl]gym5 ^u subjects y ought to   
set at _! feet & le>n lessons ab\t6     
,tell y\r ,god1 :at he d\btless kn[s1 t 
?\gh ! son ( a n[ sa9t$ fa!r1 y are z   
full ( devils z ev] ,m>y ,magdal5e 0--t 
l ! ,imps ( ,s91 9 ,milton1 ^! yelp all 
ar\nd y--t ?is is no reflection ^u a n[ 
sa9t$ fa!r1 ^: seem+ neglect ( y\r e>ly 
tra9+ grew out ( 8 cont9ual abs5ce f    
home1 z is ! case ) mo/ ,me?odi/        
,prea*]s1--aye1 tell y\r ,god1 t once   
out ( ?is scrape1 y w nev] be caught 9  
ano!r ( ! k9d6 ,y say1       ,f !       
f\ndation ( our gov]nm5t1 x has be5 a   
conc$$      & settl$ doctr9e1 t ! v>i\s 
religi\s d5om9ations      %\ld n1 z su*1
 int]m$dle ) ! political conte/s (      
! day4 ,no in/ance is n[ rememb]$ :]e !y

 h done      s6  ,?is is a rem>kable    
s5t5ce1 & p>takes ( ! nature ( y\r      
,wilson c\nty ass]tions6 ,! hi/ory ( !  
,*ur*1 & ( ! _w1 contradicts e ^w ( !   
=ego+1 & demon/rates t ! settl$ doctr9e 
( ! ,ca?olic ,*ur*1 has ev] be51 z x    
/ill is1 to int]m$dle ) ! political     
conte/s ( ! day4 ,i w tr\ble y ) two    
in/ances 9 :i* religi\s d5om9ations1 z  
su*1 h be5 guilty ( :at y d5y4 ,!       
,albany 7,n4 ,y47 ,/ate ,regi/]1 a pap] 
:i* usually does n say :at x _c ma9ta91 
/ates t ,,ar*bi%op ,,hughes has issu$ a 
m&ate1 comm&+ all ,ca?olics 9 ! ,albany 
,di/rict1 9 ! excit+ ,/ate election n[  
com+ (f1 to ca/ _! votes = ,mr4 ,crosby 
= ! ,s5ate4 ,b ,roman ,ca?olics1 y      
falsely tell u1 nev] int]m$dle ) !      
political conte/s ( ! day3 ,o no6  ,!   
o!r in/ance n[ rememb]$1 is ! "o 9 :i* y
 7 a c&idate = a seat 9 ! ,legislature (
 ,t5nessee1 9 ! c\nty ( ,giles3 ?is 01  
accord+ to my recollection1 9 #ahca1 or 
a qu>t] ( a c5tury ago4 ,at t "t1 !re 0 
a small ,manual ,labor ,s*ool 9 ,giles1 

:i* _h be5 incorporat$ by !             
,legislature1 & at ! head ( :i* 0 a     
,presbyt]ian4 ,! g5tleman :o ran aga9/  
y1 if n a memb] ( ! ,presbyt]ian ,*ur*1 
approv$ _! cre$1 & witness$ _! gr[? &   
progress = ye>s ) ! highe/ satisfaction4
 ,y *>g$ ^u ! /ump t ! ,presbyt]ians 7  
seek+ to e/abli% _! religion by law1 to 
unite ,*ur* & ,/ate--appeal$ to !       
,me?odi/ & ,bapti/ to put !m d[n by     
elect+ y1 ) a promise t y w\ld *eck _!  
m>* by c\nt]-legislation--& y 7 elect$  
^u ?is issue4 ,at ! same "t1 z ! olde/  
inhabitants ( ,giles "k1 !re 7 n fifty  
,presbyt]ians 9 ! c\nty6 ,b no in/ance  
is rememb]$ 9 :i* "o sect has int]m$dl$ 
) ano!r--,o no6 ,y say3       ,9 !      
mutations ( p>ties 9 ?is c\ntry1 a new  
"o has      lately aris51 to :i*1 ,i    
appreh5d1 m ( ! ,me?odi/      m9i/]s h  
atta*$ !mselves1 at lea/ 9 ! ,/ate (    
,t5nessee1 ?an might h be5 expect$4 ,?is
 p>ty1 kn[n z      ! ,"k ,no?+s1 is s   
peculi> 9 its organization1 t      x    
seems /range to me t any m9i/] or       

pr(essor (      religion %\ld be will+  
long] to cont9ue 9 x4  ,y\r appreh5sions
 are well-f\nd$1 :5 y suppose t a v l>ge
 proportion ( ! ,me?odi/ m9i/]s 9       
,t5nessee are ei!r memb]s ( ?is new p>ty
 or sympa?ize ) x4 ,&1 sir1 m ( ! m9i/]s
 ( o!r d5om9ations ?an y seem to be aw>e
 (1 h ei!r atta*$ !mselves to ?is p>ty1 
9 ! mutations ( p>ties1 or act ) x1 &   
endorse its aims & objects1 ?an y h yet 
dream$ (6 ,& x seems /range to ^!       
m9i/]s1 & ?\s&s ( ! pure/ & be/ laym5 9 
! ,prote/ant ranks1 t any m9i/] or      
pr(essor ( religion %\ld be will+ long] 
to oppose ! pr9ciples ( ?is p>ty1 or    
array !mselves "u ! black flag ( ,papal 
,rome1 & ( ! paup] emigrants ) :om %e is
 flood+ our l&6 ,b1 sir1 ! object ( y\r 
,address is1 to p]suade if y c1 & if n1 
to drive1 by motives ( fe>1 ! ,cl]gy ( !
 ,me?odi/ ,*ur* f _! position on ?is    
great ,am]ican & ,prote/ant "q4 ,alas1  
h[ little does ! son ( a sa9t$ fa!r     
und]/& ! mat]ial he attempts to "w ^u6  
,me?odi/ m9i/]s are free m51 ! equals ( 

o!r moral & upright m5 9 h]oic virtues1 
& f> 9 advance ( t ( politicians 9      
,t5nessee :o believe p>ties 9 religion1 
z 9 politics1 are only held toge!r by ! 
cohesive p[] ( public plund]1 & :o      
assume to direct public op9ion f a      
pr9ciple1 ( :i* selfi%ness is ! ,alpha &
 ,omega1 ! beg9n+ & ! end6 ,sir1 !      
viol5ce1 bitt]ness1 & ! v inflammatory  
tone1 n to say language1 ( y\r ,gallat91
 ,lebanon1 & ,columbia spee*es1 are     
en\gh1 x seems to me1 to nauseate e good
 & cons]vative citiz51 & to disgu/ e    
,bi%op1 ,eld]1 & o!r ,m9i/]s1 ,it9]ant &
 ,local1 ( ! ,me?odi/ ,episcopal ,*ur*1 
,s\?4 ,ev5 9 ?is ,address1 y insult ^!  
m9i/]s on e page4 ,i see n h[ any       
prea*]1 ) a true ,prote/ant & ,am]ican  
he>t 9 him1 c read ?is address ( y\rs   
?r\gh1 )\t ris+ up f 8 seat & say+3 ,i h
 vot$ ) ?is ,anti-,prote/ant &          
,anti-,am]ican p>ty = ! la/ "t4  ,9 w>n+
 ,me?odi/ m9i/]s to )draw _! sanction & 
approbation ( ,"k ,no?+ism1 y say3      
,i !re=e call ^u !m ?is day to come out 

( ^!      lodges1 & nev] return to !m3  
at all ev5ts1 nev] return      to !m    
until all secrecy1 all _! bits ( r$     
pap]1      7indicat+ blood1 ev5 by !    
selection ( color17 all _!      signs & 
signals1 are utt]ly aboli%$ & disp5s$ )4
 ,i      call ^u !m to d ?is1 & to d x  
=?)--by _!      hopes ( heav5--by _!    
ob$i5ce to ! ^w ( ,god--by      _!      
allegiance to ! ,con/itution & laws ( _!
      c\ntry--to come out f any p>ty :i*
 has adopt$ a mode      & plan (        
organization s fatal to ! peace (       
society1 &      ! progress ( true       
religion4  ,:at egotism6 ,y call ^u !m6 
,y make a fre] use ( ! p]sonal pron\n   
,i1 ?an ev5 old ,p>son ,long/reet1 ! ,"k
 ,no?+ slay] ( ,mississippi4 ,to p>se   
y\r diff]5t s5t5ces syntactically1 no?+ 
else is necess>y b to und]/& ! fir/     
p]son s+ul>1 & to repeat ! rule4 ,n only
 y\r v]biage b y\r s5tim5t is ?us       
egoti/ic ?r\gh\t6  ,y\r appeal to !     
m9i/]s to come out ( ?is organization1  
on ! gr\nd ( its secrecy1 is a species (

 demagoguism1 ! m disgu/+ :5 x is       
consid]$ t y are a ,free ,mason1 & h1 by
 all ! arts & bl&i%m5t ( y\r nature1    
s\ght to induce m9i/]s to g into t      
organization4 ,b1 !n1 !re is no         
violation ( law or ! ,con/itution 9     
,masonry--fatal to ! peace ( society &  
to ! progress ( true religion--no1 no?+6
 ,und]/& me3 ,i am n oppos$ to ,masonry4
  ,on ?is subject ( ! ,romi% cre$1 :i* y
 excuse1 & ev5 advocate1 y admit t !re  
are alleg$ abuses1 :i* h prompt$ !      
,prote/ant ,*ur*es to unite !mselves )  
?is new ,ord]6 ,!n y insult+ly tell ^!  
,*ur*es ?is tale3       ,b !y ought to h
 rememb]$1 t ev5 a virtu\s              
indignation c nev] ju/ify proscription &
 p]secution3      ^! br+ no rem$y to !  
real or suppos$ evils1 b are      sure  
to increase & aggravate !m4 ,^! errors 9
 fai?1 &      abom9ations 9 practice1 if
 !y really exi/1 7 kn[n to      !       
,wesleys1 & ,cokes1 & ,asburys1 :o f\nd$
 y\r ,*ur*3      to ! ,lees1 ! ,bruces1 
! ,cap]s1 ! ,logan ,d\glasses1 !        

,summ]fields1 & ! ,bascoms1 :o          
subsequ5tly ext5d$ &      adorn$ x4 ,b  
!y nev] propos$ to k9dle1 9 ?is         
enlight5$ age ( ,*ri/ianity1 ! consum+  
fires (      ,,religi\s ,,p]secution4   
,n[1 sir1 e di/+ui%$ f\nd] ( ! ,me?odi/ 
,*ur* y h nam$1 f ,,wesley to ,,bascom1 
has writt5 & prea*$ aga9/ ! errors 9    
fai?1 & abom9ations 9 practice1 ( !     
,romi% ,*ur*1 & !y ea* & all h tak5 ?is 
v gr\nd ^u ! religi\s issues4 ,i h he>d 
?ree ( ^! m5 prea*1 & ,i am famili> ) ! 
writ+s ( ! re/1 & "k :]e( ,i speak4  ,y 
int5tionally deceive & misrepres5t !    
,am]ican p>ty1 :5 y *>ge t !y seek to   
proscribe "o class ( our citiz5s--t !y  
desire to int]f]e ) ! rights (          
consci5ce--& to say h[ m5 %\ld wor%ip   
,god4 ,:y don't y in=m y\r read]s t     
,ar*bi%op ,hughes1 & o!r ,ca?olic       
,bi%ops1 7 ! fir/ to introduce religion 
into political discussion 9 ?is c\ntry8 
,?is w\ld n suit y\r purposes--x suits  
y\r objects1 ta/e1 & incl9ation bett]1  
to sl&] ! ,am]ican p>ty by :olesale1 &  

to *>ge ^u its memb]s ! atrocities      
committ$ by y\r =eign & paup] allies4   
,we only *oose to vote aga9/ !m1 & to   
vote = ,am]ican-born citiz5s &          
,prote/ants3 :i* is z mu* our "r1 z x is
 ! "r ( ^! =eign ,ca?olics to vote aga9/
 & proscribe ,am]ican ,prote/ants4 ,=   
?is1 y & y\r villa9\s associates exhau/ 
! :ole vocabul>y ( ,bill+sgate ^u !     
,am]ican p>ty4 ,:at is _! (f5ce8 ,:y1 !y
 simply place c]ta9 que/ions be=e p]sons
 desir+ to act ) !m1 :i* !y ?9k1 at     
lea/1 may affect ! national welf>e1 &   
be=e ! p ( ! ,union1 & ask _! op9ion (  
^! que/ions at ! ballot-box4 ,! ,am]ican
 p>ty has always d5i$1 & ,i aga9        
reit]ate ! d5ial1 t we d1 at all        
proscribe1 or 9 any way int]f]e )1 any  
class ( our =eign citiz5s1 save t we    
propose to s5d convicts f ,european     
prisons back to _! own native & infam\s 
d5s1 z fa/ z !y l& "h--b ^! are n       
citiz5s ( ours4 ,i appeal to our        
,plat=m1 & our ,book ( ,con/itutions1 & 
,i (f] to any man a h&some rew>d--any   

man :o w produce 9 ei!r a /atem5t       
conta9+ ! proscription y falsely *>ge   
aga9/ u4 ,i n[ say1 ,gov4 ,br[n1 ei!r d 
?is1 or cease y\r empty vapor+ aga9/ !  
proscriptive features ( our sy/em1 z y  
are pleas$ to /yle x4 ,y declaim mo/    
lu/ily 9 favor ( religi\s lib]ty =      
,ca?olics1 :i* y "k we d n propose z a  
p>ty to int]f]e )2 & ?is y plead = at ! 
alt> ( ,me?odi/ ,bi%ops1 ,eld]s1 & o!r  
,m9i/]s1 :o "k !re is no religi\s lib]ty
 = ,prote/ants :]e ,ca?olics h ! p[] to 
prev5t x6 ,y plead 9 ! mo/ pla9tive     
tones = ! rights ( =eign ,ca?olics to be
 sworn into good citiz5s 9 less ?an "o  
ye> aft] !y l& "h1 b d n seem to rememb]
 ! ,am]ican ,prote/ant wives & *ildr51  
:o h to subsi/ on *>ity dur+ our sev]e  
w9t]s1 9 consequ5ce ( _! husb&s & fa!rs 
be+ elb[$ out ( employm5t by !          
competition ( =eign paup] labor]s6      
,sir1 ! ,am]ican p>ty1 if 9 p[]1 w\ld   
put a /op to t proscription f (fice t   
has always *>act]iz$ ! p>ty ) :i* y act1
 & :i* has made ! pres5t ,adm9i/ration s

 v & s ju/ly odi\s to ! c\ntry4         
,proscription1 inde$6 ,0 !re ev] su*    
gl>+ & actual proscription = ! sake (   
religi\s & political cre$s committ$ z by
 ! pres5t ,adm9i/ration8 ,! infam\s ,sag
 ,ni*t p>ty ) :i* y act1 & ( :i* y are a
 lead] & a ,high ,prie/1 ?\gh ! son ( a 
n[ sa9t$ fa!r1 has appli$ ! political   
guillot9e to almo/ e man 9 (fice :o has 
d>$ to diff] ) !m 9 _! high e/imate (   
=eign paup]s & ,ca?olic vagabonds1 9 _m 
in/ances turn+ out native-born          
,prote/ants1 & fill+ _! places ) =eign  
,ca?olics4 ,& yet1 ) a degree (         
effront]y t ?r[s ! ,devil f> into !     
%ade1 y turn r\nd & *>ge ! ,am]ican p>ty
 ) proscription1 & ask ! ,bi%ops1       
,eld]s1 & o!r ,m9i/]s1 ( ! ,me?odi/     
,*ur*1 by _! hopes ( heav5--by _!       
ob$i5ce to ! ^w ( ,god--& by _!         
allegiance to ! ,con/itution & laws ( _!
 c\ntry1 to come out f a p>ty s         
proscriptive6 ,:y1 sir1 y out-,h]od old 
,h]od himself6 ,y\r tea*+s contra/$ )   
y\r practice1 w\ld cause a crimson$     

negative to settle on ! *eeks ( old     
,pilate6 ,& /ill y are ! son ( a n[     
sa9t$ fa!r--y approve ! cre$ (          
,me?odism1 & h witness$ its gr[? &      
prosp]ity = ye>s1 ) ! highe/            
satisfaction6  ,y quote f ! ,decl>ation 
( ,indep5d5ce1 to %[ t tol]ation %\ld be
 ext5d$ to ,ca?olics & =eign]s1 & !n    
insult+ly add1 z if y suppos$ no        
,me?odi/ m9i/] _h ev] p]us$ ! writ+s (  
,mr4 ,,jeff]son3       ,^! are ! words (
 ,mr4 ,jeff]son1 b ! immortal           
s5tim5t spr+s directly f ! ^w ( ! liv+ &
 true      ,god4 ,no3 p]secution at !   
/ake1 or by exclusion ( ,ca?olics      f
 (fice1 is n ! weapon to be wield$ by ! 
,prote/ant      ,*ur*es4  ,y "k t !     
notes ( w>n+ giv5 to 8 c\ntrym5 by !    
sage ( ,monticello1 & ! great ,,apo/le (
 ,am]ican ,democracy1 are 9 h>mony ) !  
doctr9es ( ! ,"k ,no?+ p>ty4 ,b y *oose 
to conceal ?is fact f ! ,bi%ops1 ,eld]s1
 & o!r ,m9i/]s ( ! ,me?odi/ ,*ur*1 9 !  
va9 hope t _! num]\s press+ & (ficial   
engagem5ts w n all[ !m "t to look up !  

docum5ts4 ,9 ,mr4 ,jeff]son's ,notes on 
,virg9ia1 writt5 9 #agha1 & publi%$ 9   
#agid1 pages #abd-e1 ,i f9d ! foll[+ ,"k
 ,no?+ doctr9e3       ,b are !re no     
inconv5i5ces to be ?r[n into ! scale    
aga9/ ! advantage expect$ f a           
multiplication ( numb]s      by !       
importation ( =eign]s8 ,x is = !        
happ9ess (      ^? unit$ 9 society to   
h>monize1 z mu* z possible1 9           
matt]s :i* !y mu/ ( necessity transact  
toge!r4 ,civil      gov]nm5t be+ ! sole 
object ( =m+ societies1 its             
adm9i/ration mu/ be conduct$ by common  
cons5t4 ,e      species ( gov]nm5t has  
specific pr9ciples4 ,ours1 p]haps1      
are m peculi> ?an ^? ( any o!r 9 !      
univ]se4 ,x      is a composition ( !   
free/ pr9ciples ( ! ,engli%             
con/itution1 ) o!rs d]iv$ f natural "r &
      natural reason4 ,to ^! no?+ c be m
 oppos$ ?an !      maxims ( absolute    
mon>*s4 ,yet f su* we are to expect     
! greate/ numb] ( immigrants4 ,!y w br+ 
) !m      ! pr9ciples ( ! gov]nm5t !y   

leave1 imbib$ 9 e>ly      y\?3 or1 if   
able to ?r[ !m (f1 x w be 9 ex*ange     
= an unb\nd$ lic5ti\sness1 pass+1 z is  
usual1 f      "o extreme to ano!r4 ,x   
w\ld be a miracle 7 !y to /op           
precisely at ! po9t ( temp]ate lib]ty4  
,^! pr9ciples1      ) _! language1 !y w 
transmit to _! *ildr54 ,9               
proportion ) _! numb]s1 !y w %>e ) u !  
legislation4 ,!y w infuse into x _! _s1 
w>p &      bias its directions1 & r5d] x
 a het]og5e\s1 incoh]5t1      di/ract$  
mass4 ,i may appeal to exp]i5ce dur+ !  
pres5t      conte/ = a v]ification ( ^! 
conjectures4 ,b if !y      be n c]ta9 9 
ev5t1 are !y n possible8 are !y n       
probable8 ,is x n saf] to wait ) pati5ce
 tw5ty-sev5      ye>s & ?ree mon?s long]
 = ! atta9m5t ( e      degree (         
population desir$ or expect$8 ,may n our
      gov]nm5t be m homog5e\s1 m        
peaceable1 m durable8  ,aga91 ,mr4      
,,jeff]son1 :il/ our ,m9i/] to ! ,c\rt (
 ,/4 ,cl\d1 address$ a lett] to ,,john  
,,jay1 dat$ ,novemb] #ad1 #aghh1 9 :i*  

he uses ?is language3       ,) respect  
to ! ,consul> appo9tm5ts1 x is a duty on
      me to add "s obs]vations1 :i* my  
situation "h has      enabl$ me to make4
 ,i ?9k x 0 9 ! spr+ ( #aghd1 t         
,congress 7h>ass$ by multipli$          
applications f =eign]s1      ( :om no?+ 
0 kn[n b on _! in=mation1 or on t      (
 o!rs z unkn[n z !mselves7 came to !    
resolution t      ! int]e/ ( ,am]ica    
w\ld n p]mit ! nam+ ( any      p]son1 n 
a citiz51 to ! (fice ( ,consul1 or      
,ag5t1 or      ,commiss>y4 ,native      
citiz5s1 on sev]al valuable acc\nts1 are
      pref]able to ali5s1 or citiz5s    
ali5-born4 ,native citiz5s      possess 
our language1 "k our laws1 cu/oms &     
comm]ce1 h      g5]al acqua9tance 9 !   
,unit$ ,/ates1 give bett]               
satisfaction1 & are m to be reli$ on 9 a
 po9t (      fidelity4 ,to avail        
ourselves ( our native citiz5s1 x       
appe>s to me advisable to decl>e1 by /&+
 law1 t no      p]son b a native citiz5 
%all be capable ( ! (fice (             

,consul4 ,?is 0 ! rule ( #aghd1 re/ra9+ 
! (fice (      ,consul to native        
citiz5s4  ,9 #agig1 ,mr4 ,,jeff]son     
draft$ a petition to ! ,legislature (   
,virg9ia1 on behalf ( ! citiz5s (       
,amh]/1 ,albem>le1 ,fluvana1 & ,g\*l&   
,b\nties1 9 :i* he uses ! foll[+        
language3       ,y\r petition]s fur!r   
submit to ! two ,h\ses ( ,assembly1     
:e!r ! safety ( ! citiz5s ( ?is         
,commonweal?1 9      _! p]sons1 _!      
prop]ty1 _! laws & gov]nm5t1 does      n
 require t ! capacity to act 9 !        
important (fice (      ,juror1 ,gr& or  
,petty1 civil or crim9al1 %\ld n be     
re/ra9$ 9 future to native citiz5s1 or  
su* z 7      citiz5s at ! date ( !      
,treaty ( ,peace :i* clos$ our          
revolution>y w>2 & :e!r ignorance ( our 
laws1 &      natural p>tiality to !     
c\ntries ( _! bir?1 are n               
reasonable causes = decl>+ ?is to be "o 
( _! rights      incommunicable 9 future
 to adopt$ citiz5s4--,jeff]son's        
,writ+s1 ,vol4 ,,ix41 page #dec4  ,n[1  

,sir1 answ] me 9 c&or1 are y n a%am$ (  
hav+ quot$ ,mr4 ,,jeff]son1 & ( hav+ s  
basely misrepres5t$ 8 position on ?is   
great ,am]ican "q8 ,did n ,mr4          
,,jeff]son propose to c>ry 8 opposition 
to =eign]s mu* f>!r ?an ! ,am]ican p>ty 
n[ d8  ,b1 y vile old demagogue1 ?\gh   
son ( a n[ sa9t$ fa!r1 ,i am det]m9$ y  
%all n escape ! indignant p[]s ( ^?     
,bi%ops1 ,eld]s1 & o!r ,m9i/]s1 :om y h 
wick$ly s\ght to deceive4 ,x is kn[n to 
y1 & to ! _w1 9 :at v5]ation all        
,am]ican ,democrats hold ! ,virg9ia     
,resolutions ( #agih & '#ii1 & ! fame ( 
,mr4 ,,madison1 :o 0 ! rul+ _s ( t      
session ( ! ,legislature4 ,t            
,legislature pass$ ! foll[+ ,resolution1
 :i* y may f9d by consult+ ,h5n+'s      
,/atutes at ,l>ge1 ,vol4 #b1 ,new       
,s]ies1 page #aid3       ,t ! ,g5]al    
,assembly1 nev]!less1 concurr+ 9 op9ion 
) ! ,legislature ( ,massa*usetts t e    
,con/itutional      b>ri] %\ld be oppos$
 to ! introduction ( =eign      influ5ce
 into our ,national ,c\ncils1--,resolv$1

 ,t !      ,con/itution ought to be s   
am5d$ t no =eign]1 :o      %all h       
acquir$ ! "r1 "u our ,con/itution &     
laws1      at ! "t ( mak+ ! am5dm5t1    
%all h]eaft] be      eligible to ! (fice
 ( ,s5ator or ,repres5tative1 9         
,congress ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 nor to any 
(fice 9 !      ,judici>y or ,executive4 
,agre$ to by ! ,s5ate1 ,jan4 #af1       
#agii4  ,i %all next consid] two        
extracts f y\r ,address1 "u "o g5]al    
head1 relat+ to ! temporal p[] ( !      
,pope4 ,y say3       ,b ! g5ius (       
sophi/ry may fly to ! rescue (          
,"k-,no?+ism1 by pret5d+ t x is n on    
acc\nt (      8 religion t ! ,ca?olic is
 to be exclud$ f (fice1      b because  
he is subject$1 n m]ely to ! spiritual b
      ! temporal dom9ion or jurisdiction
 ( ! ,pope4 ,no error      has be5 wid] 
spread ?an ?is4  ,aga93       ,a late   
di/+ui%$ ,s5ator f ,georgia1 7,mr4      
,b]ri517 9 a      rec5t address to !    
public1 has copi$ a lett] ( ,mr4        
,wesley1 :i* may require a few          

obs]vations4 ,t lett] 0      dat$ 9     
,janu>y1 #aghj4 ,all its conclusions 7  
f\nd$ on !      ,,assum$ ,,& ,,popul>   
,,op9ion ( t day1 t ! ,pope did         
claim a civil jurisdiction beyond 8 own 
dom9ions--t he      c\ld absolve !      
subjects ( o!r gov]nm5ts f _!      oa?s 
( allegiance1 & t !re 0 a pr9ciple 9 "o 
(      ! t5ets ( t ,*ur*1 t ,ca?olics 7 
ju/ifi$ 9 n      keep+ fai? ) h]etics4  
,aga9/ ^! ,,assum$ ,,& ,,popul>         
,,op9ions1 ! ,ca?olics ( ,engl& 9 t day1
 z !y n[ d      9 ?is c\ntry1 7 solemnly
 prote/+4  ,?is is a mode/ way ( giv+   
,mr4 ,wesley ! lie1 b x is nev]!less q  
direct1 & is ! m surpris+1 z x comes f !
 son ( a n[ sa9t$ fa!r1 :o 0 a foll[] ( 
,wesley1 a co-labor] ( t noble b& (     
,*ri/ian m9i/]s he 0 in/rum5tal 9 />t+  
out into ! _w--aye1 ! son ( a fa!r :o1 =
 =ty ye>s1 m9i/]$ at ! alt>s ?is same   
,wesley erect$6 ,9 hold+ up ,john       
,wesley z ! vile calumniator ( !        
,ca?olic ,*ur* 9 ,engl&1 x is well      
en\gh1 ,gov]nor1 to be mode/ ab\t x1 &  

cauti\s 9 ! selection ( y\r words1 z y  
are address+ a class ( m5 :o believe 9  
,john ,wesley1 z a fai?ful man ( ,god1 &
 "o incapable ( misrepres5t+ ! ,ca?olics
 ( ,engl&1 ! ,pope ( ,rome1 or any o!r  
sect or individual6 ,john ,wesley m9i/]$
 at ! sacr$ alt>s ( religion = m ?an    
sixty ye>s2 he _h ) him ! p[] ( ,god1 & 
! witness t he pleas$ ,him2 & ! la/     
words he utt]$1 ) 8 h&s clasp$1 & 8 eyes
 rais$ t[>d heav51 7 ^!3 ,! be/ ( all   
is1 ,god is ) u6 ,& yet ! sons & gr&sons
 9 ! gospel1 ( ?is v5]at$ & sa9t$ man ( 
,god1 are insult$ 9 ,t5nessee1 by be+   
told by an imp]t95t old s9n]1 & a vile  
old p>ty hack1 t he 0 ,a ,,li>1 :ile    
liv+1 & ! sl&]] ( ! ,ca?olic ,*ur*1 n[ t
 he is no m6 ,if ,mr4 ,wesley assum$    
falsehoods 9 ref]5ce to ! ,romi% ,*ur* 9
 ,engl&1 he ei!r did x 9 ignorance1 or )
 a guilty k ( ! fact4 ,he 0 a man ( too 
mu* le>n+ & in=mation = 8 fri5ds to get 
him out ( su* an indictm5t "u a plea (  
ignorance4 ,he is !re=e1 ?\gh dead1 ,a  
,,wilful ,,li>1 accord+ to ,ex-,gov4 ,a4

 ,v4 ,br[n1 = ! ,gov]nor goes on to     
argue ! cause aga9/ him1 &1 on page #ai 
( 8 address1 quotes ,ca?olic au?ority to
 prove him a li>6 ,%ame on ! son ( a n[ 
sa9t$ fa!r1 & on ! holy se] ( ,pisgah6  
,o6 ,a>on1 ?\ prie/ ( corrupt           
,democracy1 y ne$ n endeavor to gull    
bi%ops1 eld]s1 & o!r m9i/]s1 ) y\r :9+  
cant1 :ile y ?us traduce _! great       
spiritual head1 :o1 "u ,god1 taught !m !
 lessons ( salvation6  ,gov4 ,br[n1 g ) 
me1 z "o ( ! admir]s ( ,john ,wesley1 to
 ! humble dwell+s ( ! m9]s ( ,cornwall1 
to ! homely t5ts ( ! colli]s ( ,k+swood 
& ,newca/le1 & to ! equally humble      
work%ops ( ! manufactur]s ( ,york%ire1 9
 ,engl&1 :o are rejoic+ 9 ,god _!       
,savi\r t a ,wesley 0 ev] born into !   
_w1 & ask !m if !y believe him capable (
 sl&]+ ! ,ca?olics6 ,g ) me among !     
backwoodsm5 ( ,nor? ,am]ica1 & exam9e !m
 9 _! lone t5ts--g among ! hone/ &      
virtu\s settl]s on our ,we/]n fronti]s1 
amid ! int]m9able =e/s ( ! f> (f ,we/1  
^: ?\s&s are br\ght into ! fold ( ,*ri/1

 ?r\gh ! in/rum5tality ( ,wesleyan      
m9i/]s1 & ask !m if !y ?9k ! f\nd] ( _! 
,*ur* 0 a wilful li>6  ,g ) me to ! ri* 
pa/ures & luxuriant h>ve/-fields ( y\r  
own native ,middle ,t5nessee3 ent] !    
neat cottages & /ately mansions ( t     
glori\s division ( our ,/ate1 & ask !   
intellig5t & educat$ females1 :o are    
rejoic+ 9 ,god1 9 hope ( future & et]nal
 life1 ?r\gh ! pray]s & s]mons (        
,wesleyan m9i/]s1 z in/rum5ts 9 ! h&s ( 
,god1 if !y believe ! f\nd] ( _! ,*ur* 0
 a wick$ calumniator6 ,g to ! isl&s ( ! 
sea1 to ! burn+ s&s ( ,africa1 & ask !  
b5ight$ conv]ts f hea!nism1 ?r\gh !     
in/rum5tality ( ,wesleyan m9i/]s1 if !y 
believe ! v5]able f\nd] ( _! ,*ur* 0 a  
man ( tru?6  ,ent] ! dwell+s ( ! ri* &  
fa%ionable plant]s ( ! ,s\?--ride ar\nd 
_! sug> & cotton plantations1 among !   
sable sons & daught]s ( ,africa1 &      
witness ! bless$ fruits ( ! pi\s life1  
,*ri/ian integrity1 & triumphant dea? ( 
,john ,wesley6 ,come ov] to ,ea/        
,t5nessee1 ,gov]nor1 & ent] ! log-cab9s 

( ! virtu\s1 happy peasantry ( ! hill   
c\ntry1 & ask !m :e!r !y believe ,mr4   
,wesley or y\r ,ca?olic au?orities1 t\*+
 ! temporal p[] ( ! ,pope ( ,rome6      
,alas6 ,gov4 ,br[n1 ! ,re=mation dawn$ )
 ,,lu!r 9 ,g]many1 b ! sun ( its glory  
rose ) ,me?odism 9 ,engl&2 ! fir/ /reaks
 ( ,prote/ant light 7 se5 on ! horizon (
 ! sixte5? c5tury1 b ! m]idian sun ( !  
,re=mation dawn$ 9 all 8 brightness on !
 ,wesleys & ,:itefield6 ,b ,am]ica has  
be5 ! l& ( ! glory & triumph ( !        
doctr9es ( ! man y labor to convict ( ! 
awful s9 ( ly+6  ,b y d5y t ! ,pope (   
,rome1 9 temporal matt]s1 claims :at    
,mr4 ,wesley attribut$ to him 9 ! lett] 
copi$ by ,s5ator ,b]ri54 ,y also d5y t !
 ,popes claim & h ex]cis$ ! "r to       
int]f]e ) matt]s ( gov]nm5t1 & ! "r to  
absolve _! foll[]s 9 o!r c\ntries1 & "u 
o!r gov]nm5ts1 f _! allegiance to su*   
rul]s & gov]nm5ts4 ,i w proce$ to       
v9dicate ,mr4 ,wesley1 &1 by ! pro(1    
saddle ! lie on y6 ,:il/ ,john 0 ,k+ (  
,engl&1 he _h ! ,magna ,*>ta1 ! great   

*>t] secur+1 among o!r ?+s1 ! "r ( trial
 by jury1 wrung f him at ! po9t ( !     
bayonet4 ,?is great *>t] 0 annull$ by   
,pope ,innoc5t4 ,"h is ! pro(3          
,:ile ! k+ 0 employ$ 9 ! siege (        
,ro*e/]1 he      receiv$ ! pleas+       
intellig5ce1 t accord+ to 8      reque/ 
! *>t] _h be5 annull$ by ! pontiff4     
,innoc5t1      enum]at+ ! gr\nds ( 8    
judgm5t1 insi/s /rongly on      !       
viol5ce employ$ by ! b>ons4 ,if !y      
really felt      !mselves aggriev$1 !y  
ought1 he obs]ves1 to h accept$      !  
(f] ( r$ress by due c\rse ( law4 ,!y _h 
pref]r$1      h[ev]1 to break ! oa? (   
fealty1 :i* !y _h tak51 &      _h       
appo9t$ !mselves judges to sit ^u _! "l4
 ,!y      knew1 moreov]1 t ,john _h     
enroll$ himself among !      crusad]s2 &
 yet !y _h n scrupl$ to violate !       
privileges :i* all ,*ri/ian nations _h  
grant$ to !      *ampions ( ! cross4    
,la/ly1 ,engl& 0 become ! fief (      ! 
holy see2 & !y c\ld n be ignorant t if !
 k+      _h ! w1 he _h n at lea/ ! p[]1 

to give away !      rights ( ! cr[n1 )\t
 ! cons5t ( 8 feudal      sup]ior4 ,he 0
 !re=e b\nd to annul ! concessions :i*  
_h be5 extort$ f ,john1 z hav+ be5      
obta9$ 9      contempt ( ! holy see1 to 
! degradation ( royalty1 !      disgrace
 ( ! nation1 & to ! imp$im5t ( !        
crusade4      ,at ! same "t he wrote to 
! b>ons1 re-/at+ 8      reasons1 exhort+
 !m to submit1 reque/+ !m to lay _!     
claims be=e him 9 ! c\ncil to be held at
 ,rome2 &      promis+ t he w\ld induce 
! k+ to cons5t to :atev]      might be  
deem$ j or reasonable1 to take c>e t all
      grievances %\ld be aboli%$1 t !   
cr[n %\ld be      cont5t ) its j rights1
 & ! cl]gy & p %\ld      enjoy _! anci5t
 lib]ties4--,l+>d's ,hi/ory (           
,engl&1 vol4 ii41 page #ga4  ,w x be    
said t ?is 0 n int]f]+ ) temporal       
matt]s8 ,w x be said t ! "r ( trial by  
jury 0 a spiritual matt]8 ,w x be said t
 ! tyranny ( ,k+ ,john1 & 8 oppressions1
 ( :i* ! b>ons ju/ly compla9$1 7        
spiritual matt]s8 ,no s5sible advocate (

 ,romanism w say ?is6  ,! next in/ance (
 an int]f]5ce by ! ,pope 9 temporal     
affairs1 to :i* ,i %all call y\r        
att5tion1 ,gov]nor1 is 8 excommunication
 ( ,elizabe?1 ,que5 ( ,engl&4 ,%e 0     
imm$iately prec$$ on t ?rone by h] si/] 
,m>y1 :o 0 a ,ca?olic4 ,= no o!r reason 
?an t ,elizabe? 0 a ,prote/ant1 & w\ld n
 submit h] rights & k+dom to ! control (
 ! ,pope1 ,pius ,v4 ?und]$ =? at h]     
devot$ head ! foll[+ ana!ma1 f 8 ?rone  
at ! ,vatican1 situat$ at ! foot ( "o ( 
! sev5 hills ^u :i* ,rome is built3     
,,excommunication ,,& ,,deposition ,(   
,,que5 ,,elizabe? ,,( ,,engl&4          
,pius1 etc41 = a future memorial ( !    
matt]4 ,he t      reigne? on high1 to   
:om is giv5 all p[] 9 heav5 & on        
e>?1 committ$ "o ,holy1 ,ca?olic &      
,apo/olic ,*ur*1 out      ( :i* !re is  
no salvation1 to "o alone ^u ! e>?1     
,pet] ! ,pr9ce ( ! ,apo/les1 & to       
,pet]'s successor1 !      ,bi%op (      
,rome1 to be gov]n$ 9 fulness ( p[]4    
,him alone      he made pr9ce ov] all p1

 & all k+doms1 to pluck up1      de/roy1
 scatt]1 consume1 plant & build1 etc4 ,b
 ! numb]      ( ! ungodly ha? gott5 su* 
p[]1 t !re is n[ no      place left 9 ! 
:ole _w :i* !y h n essay$ to            
corrupt ) _! mo/ wick$ doctr9es4 ,among/
 o!rs1      ,elizabe?1 ! pret5d$ ,que5 (
 ,engl&1 a slave (      wick$ness1 l5d+ 
!reunto h] help+ h&1 ) :om1 z      9 a  
sanctu>y1 ! mo/ p]nici\s ( all m5 h f\nd
 a      refuge2 ?is v woman hav+ seiz$  
^u ! k+dom1 &      mon/r\sly usurp+ !   
place ( ! supreme ,head ( !      ,*ur* 9
 all ,engl&1 & ! *ief au?ority &        
jurisdiction      !re(1 ha? aga9 br\ght 
back ! same k+dom to mis]able           
de/ruction1 :i* 0 !n newly r$uc$ to !   
fai?1 & to      good ord]4 ,= hav+ by   
/rong h& inhibit$ ! true      religion1 
:i* ,m>y1 ! lawful que51 ( fam\s memory1
 _h1      by ! help ( ?is ,see1 re/or$1 
aft] x _h be5 =m]ly      ov]?r[n by ,k+ 
,h5ry ,,viii41 a revolt] !refrom1 &     
foll[+ & embrac+ ! errors ( h]etics1 %e 
ha?      remov$ ! royal c\ncil1 consi/+ 

( ! ,engli% nobility1      & fill$ x )  
obscure m51 be+ h]etics2 ha? oppress$   
! embrac]s ( ! ,roman fai?1 ha? plac$   
impi\s      prea*]s1 m9i/]s ( iniquity1 
& aboli%$ ! sacrifice      ( ! mass1    
pray]s1 fa/+s1 di/9ction ( meats1 a s+le
      life1 & ! rites & c]emonies2 ha?  
comm&$ books to be      read 9 ! :ole   
realm1 conta9+ manife/ h]esy1 etc4 ,%e  
ha? n only contemn$ ! godly reque/s &   
admonitions (      pr9ces conc]n+ h]    
heal+ & conv]sion1 b also ba?      n s  
mu* z p]mitt$ ! ,nuncios ( ! ,see to    
cross !      seas into ,engl&1 etc4 ,we 
d1 !re=e1 out ( ! fulness (      our    
apo/olic p[]1 decl>e ! a=esaid          
,elizabe?1 be+      h]etic1 & a favor] (
 h]etics1 & h] adh]5ts 9 !      matt]   
a=esaid1 to h incurr$ ! s5t5ce ( ana!ma1
      & to be cut (f f ! unity ( ! body 
( ,*ri/4 ,&1      moreov]1 we d decl>e  
h] to be depriv$ ( h] pret5d$      title
 to ! k+dom a=esaid1 & ( all dom9ion1   
dignity1      & privilege :atsoev]2 &   
also ! nobility1 subjects1 &      p ( ! 

said k+dom1 & all o!rs :i* h 9 any      
sort sworn unto h]1 to be = ev] absolv$ 
f any su*      oa?1 & all mann] ( duty  
or dom9ion1 allegiance &      ob$i5ce2 z
 we also d1 by ! au?ority ( ^! pres5ts1 
absolve !m1 & d deprive ! same ,elizabe?
 ( h]      pret5d$ title to ! k+dom1 &  
all o!r ?+s a=esaid4      ,& we d comm& 
& int]dict all & e "o ( !      noblem51 
subjects1 p1 & o!rs a=esaid1 t !y       
presume n to obey h]1 or h] admonitions1
 m&ates1 &      laws2 & ^? :o %all d !  
contr>y1 we d innodate )      ! l s5t5ce
 ( ,,ana!ma4       ,giv5 at ,/4 ,pet]'s 
at ,rome1 9 ! ye> #aefi1 & ! fif?      (
 our pontificate4--,d[l+'s ,hi/ory (    
,romanism1 p4 #efd4  ,"o m3 ,sixtus ,v4 
?und]s 8 bull ( excommunication at ?is  
same ,que5 ( ,engl&--incites ,philip (  
,ca?olic ,spa9 to make w> aga9/ h]      
c\ntry--& graci\sly gives ! ,briti%     
,isles to ,philip6 ,"h is ! bull ( ,pope
 ,sixtus3       ,we1 ,sixtus ! ,fif?1 ! 
univ]sal %eph]d ( ! flock (      ,*ri/1 
! supreme *ief1 to :om ! gov]nm5t ( !   

:ole      _w app]ta9s1 consid]+ t ! p ( 
,engl& &      ,irel&1 aft] hav+ be5 s   
long celebrat$ = _!      virtues1 _!    
religion1 & _! submission to our see1 h 
become putrid memb]s1 infect$1 & capable
 ( corrupt+ !      :ole ,*ri/ian body1 &
 on acc\nt ( _! subjection to !         
impi\s1 tyrannical1 & sangu9>y gov]nm5t 
( ,elizabe?1      ! ba/>d que51 & by !  
influ5ce ( h] adh]5ts1 :o      equal h] 
9 wick$ness2 & :o refuse1 l h]1 to      
recognize      ! p[] ( ! ,roman ,*ur*3  
reg>d+ t ,h5ry ,,viii4      =m]ly1 =    
motives ( debau*]y1 comm5c$ all ^!      
disord]s by revolt+ aga9/ ! submission  
:i* he ow$ to      ! ,pope1 ! sole &    
true sov]eign ( ,engl&2 consid]+      t 
! usurp] ,elizabe? has foll[$ ! pa? (   
?is      infam\s k+1 we decl>e t !re    
exi/s b "o mode (      rem$y+ ^! evils1 
( re/or+ peace1 tranquillity1 &         
union to ,*ri/5dom1 ( re-e/abli%+       
religion1 & (      lead+ back ! p to    
ob$i5ce to u1 :i* is1 to depose      f !
 ?rone t execrable ,elizabe?1 :o falsely

 arrogates      to h]self ! title (     
,que5 ( ! ,briti% ,isles4 ,be+ !n       
inspir$ by ! ,holy ,_s = ! g5]al good ( 
! ,*ur*1      we r5ew1 by ! virtue ( our
 apo/olic p[]1 ! s5t5ce      pron\nc$ by
 our pr$ecessor1 ,pius ! ,fif? &        
,gregory !      ,?irte5?1 aga9/ ! mod]n 
,jezebel3 we proclaim h]      depriv$ ( 
h] royal au?ority1 ( ! rights1 titles1  
or      pret5sions to :i* %e may lay    
claim ov] ! k+doms (      ,irel& &      
,engl&1 affirm+ t %e possesses !m       
unlawfully & by usurpation4 ,we relieve 
all h] subjects f      ! oa?s !y may h  
tak5 to h]1 & we prohibit !m f          
r5d]+ any k9d ( s]vice to ?is execrable 
woman2 x is      our w1 t %e be driv5 f 
door to door l "o      possess$ ( a     
devil1 & t all human aid be refus$ h]2  
we decl>e1 moreov]1 t =eign]s or        
,engli%m5 are      p]mitt$1 z a         
m]itori\s "w1 to seize ! p]son (        
,elizabe? & surr5d] h]1 liv+ or dead1 to
 ! tribunals      ( ! inquisition4 ,we  
promise to ^? :o %all accompli%      ?is

 glori\s mission1 inf9ite recomp5ses1 n 
only 9 !      life et]nal1 b ev5 9 ?is  
_w4 ,f9ally1 we grant pl5>y             
indulg5ce to ! fai?ful :o %all will+ly  
unite ) !      ,ca?olic army :i* is go+ 
to combat ! impi\s ,elizabe?1      "u ! 
ord]s ( our de> son ,philip ! ,second1  
to :om we      give ! ,briti% ,isles 9  
full sov]eignty1 z a recomp5se =      ! 
zeal he has always %[n t[>d our see1 & =
 !      p>ticul> affection he has %[n = 
! ,ca?olics ( ! ,l[      ,c\ntry4--,de  
,corm59's ,hi/ory ( ! ,popes1 p4 #bfb4  
,"h is :at ,macaulay1 a reliable        
hi/orian1 says ( ! baneful effects (    
,romanism3       ,f ! "t :5 ! b>b>ians  
ov]ran ! ,we/]n ,empire      to ! "t ( !
 revival ( lett]s1 ! influ5ce ( !       
,*ur* ( ,rome has be5 g5]ally favorable 
to sci5ce1 to      civilization1 & to   
good gov]nm5t4 ,b1 dur+ ! la/      ?ree 
c5turies1 to /unt ! gr[? ( ! human m9d  
has be5      h] *ief object4 ,?r\gh\t   
,*ri/5dom1 :atev] advance has      be5  
made 9 k1 9 fre$om1 9 weal?1 & 9 ! arts 

( life1 has be5 made 9 spite ( h]1 & has
 ev]y:]e be5      9 inv]se proportion to
 h] p[]4 ,! lovelie/ & mo/      f]tile  
prov9ces ( ,europe h1 "u h] rule1 be5   
sunk      into pov]ty1 9 political      
s]vitude1 & 9 intellectual      torpor1 
:ile ,prote/ant c\ntries1 once prov]bial
 =      /]ility & b>b>ism1 h be5 turn$1 
by skill &      indu/ry1 into g>d5s1 & c
 boa/ ( a long li/ ( h]oes      &       
/atesm51 philosoph]s & poets4 ,:oev]1   
kn[+ :at      ,italy & ,scotl& naturally
 are1 & :at f\r hundr$ ye>s      ago !y 
naturally 71 %all n[ comp>e ! c\ntry    
r\nd      ,rome ) ! c\ntry r\nd         
,ed9burgh1 w be able to =m      "s      
judgm5t ( ! t5d5cy ( ,papal dom9ation4  
,! desc5t      ( ,spa91 once ! fir/     
among mon>*ies1 to ! l[e/ dep?s      (  
degradation1 ! elevation ( ,holl&1 9    
spite ( _m      natural disadvantages1  
to a position su* z no commonweal? s    
small has ev] rea*$1 tea* ! same lesson4
 ,:oev] passes1      9 ,g]many1 f a     
,roman ,ca?olic to a ,prote/ant         

pr9cipality1      9 ,switz]l& f a ,roman
 ,ca?olic to a ,prote/ant canton1 9     
,irel& f a ,roman ,ca?olic to a         
,prote/ant c\nty1 f9ds      t he has    
pass$ f a l[] to a high] grade (        
civilization4 ,on ! o!r side ( !        
,atlantic ! same law      prevails4 ,!  
,prote/ants ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates h left f> 
beh9d ! ,roman ,ca?olics ( ,mexico1     
,p]u1 & ,brazil4 ,!      ,roman         
,ca?olics ( ,l[] ,canada rema9 in]t1    
:ile ! :ole      cont95t r\nd !m is 9 a 
f]m5t ) ,prote/ant activity      &      
ent]prise4--,macaulay's ,hi/ory (       
,engl&1 vol4 i41 p4      #cg4  ,i mu/ be
 p]mitt$ to add1 j "h1 t 9 #ahdh1 :5 ! p
 ( ,france expell$ ,l\is ,philippe f !  
?rone 9 ,p>is1 & e/abli%$ a ,republic1 !
 pres5t old drunk51 g\tifi$ debau*ee1   
,pope ,pius ,,ix41 hurl$ at ! ,fr5*     
nation a fe>ful bull ( excommunication1 
& d5i$ !m ! "r ( revolution6 ,0 ?is     
int]f]+ 9 temporal matt]s8 ,b no long]  
ago ?an ! ye> #ahed1 ?is same old       
vagabond1 ,pope ,pius1 issu$ ord]s      

absolv+ 8 foll[]s f all allegiance to ! 
,s>d9ian ,gov]nm5t1 because t gov]nm5t  
*ose to aboli% ! infam\s mona/]ies1 :i* 
_h be5 s long support$ at ! exp5se ( an 
oppress$ p6 ,0 ?is n int]f]+ 9 temporal 
matt]s8 ,i c\ld multiply au?orities1    
,gov]nor1 to an indef9ite ext5t1 su/a9+ 
,mr4 ,wesley's views1 & falsify+ all y  
say1 b ?is w\ld swell my reply beyond   
:at ,i int5d$ 9 ! outset4 ,let me call  
y\r att5tion to ,br[nson's ,review1 =   
,july1 #ahec1 :]e y w f9d all ?is p[]1 &
 ev5 m1 claim$ = ! ,pope1 ov] temporal  
sov]eigns & _! subjects1 ! _w ov]6 ,?is 
,review is ! ackn[l$g$ organ ( ,ar*bi%op
 ,hughes1 ! head & front ( ! ,ca?olic   
,*ur* 9 ,nor? ,am]ica4  ,y /ate t our   
,decl>ation ( ,indep5d5ce absolv$ f e   
possible obligation to ! ,pope 9        
temporal matt]s4 ,y\r language is3      
,! mom5t x 0 read & proclaim$ f old     
,indep5d5ce      ,hall 9 ,philadelphia1 
ob$i5ce 9 temporal matt]s1 if x ev]     
exi/$1 ceas$ = ev]1 z to e native-born  
son 9      ,am]ica4  ,y fur!r add t !   

,con/itution ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates set aside
 all temporal p[] ( ! ,pope 9 ?is       
c\ntry1 & t if any d\bts rema91 ! f9i%+ 
t\* is giv5 by ! foll[+ oa? (           
naturalization1 tak5 by our naturaliz$  
citiz5s3       ,i d solemnly swe> t ,i w
 support ! ,con/itution (      ! ,unit$ 
,/ates1 & t ,i d absolutely & entirely  
r5\nce & abjure all allegiance &        
fidelity to any =eign      pr9ce1       
pot5tate1 or /ate1 or sov]eignty :atev]4
  ,sir1 d y suppose t ! ,bi%ops1 ,eld]s1
 & o!r ,m9i/]s1 :om y h ! impud5ce to   
address1 are all fools8 ,d y suppose !y 
are m5 ( no read+ or in=mation8 ,if !y  
"k any ?+1 !y c]ta9ly "k t ! oa? (      
naturalization !y1 ! ,ca?olics1 take1   
weighs no m ) !m ?an a fea!r4 ,a        
,ca?olic c evade ! =ce ( any oa?1 by a  
m5tal res]vation4 ,"h is :at ,san*ez    
says1 ! v highe/ ,ca?olic au?ority1 ^:  
tea*+1 includ+ ?is int]pretation ( oa?s1
 has be5 endors$ by ! ,c\ncil ( ,tr5t3  
,x is lawful to use ambigu\s t]ms to    
give ! impression a      diff]5t s5se f 

t :i* y und]/& y\rself4 ,a      p]son   
may take an oa? t he has n done su* a   
?+1      ?\gh 9 fact he has1 by say+ to 
himself x 0 n done on      a c]ta9 day1 
or be=e he 0 born1 or by conceal+ any   
o!r simil> circum/ances2 :i* gives ano!r
 mean+ to x4      ,?is is extremely     
conv5i5t1 & always v j1 :5      necess>y
 to y\r heal?1 honor1 or prosp]ity4  ,9 
addition to ?is1 let me tell y1 if y    
nev] be=e knew ! fact1 t ,judge ,ga/on1 
a di/+ui%$ ,juri/1 & a g5tleman (       
excell5t "*1 ?\gh a rigid ,roman        
,ca?olic1 ( ,nor? ,c>ol9a1 0 appo9t$ to 
a seat ^u ! ,supreme ,b5* ( t ,/ate4 ,! 
,con/itution ( t ,/ate1 unlike ^? (     
almo/ all o!r ,/ates1 requires e ,judge 
to take an oa?1 among o!r ?+s1 t ,,he   
,,believes ,,9 ,,! ,,tru? ,,( ,,!       
,,prote/ant ,,religion4 ,mr4 ,ga/on ask$
 "t to ?9k ov] ! matt]--he repair$ to ! 
,ar*bi%op at ,baltimore1 d\btless obta9$
 a disp5sation--wrote back to ,raleigh f
 !re1 t he w\ld take ! oa?--return$1 & 9
 due "t solemnly swore t he believ$ 9 ! 

tru? ( ! ,prote/ant ,religion4 ,he di$ 9
 ,raleigh1 "o ( ! ,judges ( ! ,supreme  
,c\rt--b liv$ & di$ a ,roman ,ca?olic6  
,dur+ ! pa/ mon?1 9 ?is city1 ,w4 ,g4   
,mc,adoo1 ! ,attorney ,g5]al = ?is      
,judicial ,circuit1 _h "s ,iri%         
,ca?olics br\ght be=e ! ,gr& ,jury1 to  
te/ify 9 cases ( unlawful gam+ & !      
retail+ ( ard5t spirits4 ,! ,cl]k swore 
!m on a common ,engli% ,te/am5t1 & !y   
return$ to ! ,jury room1 & te/ifi$ t !y 
knew ( no cases6 ,! ,attorney = !       
,commonweal? !n procur$ ! ,ca?olic ,d\ay
 ,bible1 ) a l>ge ,cross ^u its outside1
 swore !m ^u ?is--s5t !m 91 & !y        
disgorg$1 tell+ ( v>i\s cases1 & enabl+ 
! ,jury to f9d bills aga9/ ev5 "s ( _!  
own folks6 ,an oa?1 !n1 is no?+ ) /rict 
,roman ,ca?olics1 :o believe _! ,prie/s 
c absolve !m f ! obligations ( any & all
 oa?s4 ,= not)/&+ y\r d5ial ( ! fact1 x 
is notori\sly true1 t ! memb]s ( !      
,ca?olic ,*ur* believe _! ,prie/hood to 
ex]cise1 by ,div9e "r1 ! p[] to fix &   
det]m9e _! et]nal de/9y4 ,nay1 e ,roman 

,ca?olic 9 ! kn[n _w is "u ! absolute   
control ( ! ,ca?olic ,prie/hood1 by     
consid]ations n only ( a temporal1 b an 
et]nal weight4 ,?is is :at gives _!     
,prie/hood su* p[] & influ5ce 9         
elections2 an influ5ce !y are us+ 9 e   
,/ate1 aga9/ ! ,am]ican p>ty4 ,& x is   
?is faculty ( conc5tration1 ?is         
political influ5ce1 ?is p[] ( !         
,prie/hood to control ! ,ca?olic        
community1 & cause a va/ multitude (    
ignorant =eign]s to vote z a unit1 & ?us
 control ! w ( ! ,am]ican p1 t has      
eng5d]$ ?is opposition to ! ,ca?olic    
,*ur*4 ,x is ?is aggressive policy &    
corrupt+ t5d5cy ( ! ,romi% ,*ur*2 ?is   
organiz$ & conc5trat$ political p[] ( a 
di/9ct class ( m52 =eign by bir?2       
inf]ior 9 intellig5ce & virtue to !     
,am]ican p1 & n _! religion & =m (      
wor%ip1 objectionable z ^! are kn[n to  
be1 :i* h call$ =? ! opposition ( !     
,am]ican p>ty to ! ,ca?olic ,*ur*4  ,b1 
sir1 y occupy sev]al pages 9 copy+ &    
comm5t+ ^u ! sev]al oa?s adm9i/]$ to !  

memb]s ( ! ,am]ican p>ty--oa?s :i*1 z y 
tell u1 are revolt+ 9 _! "*1 & lead to !
 indiscrim9ate proscription ( all       
=eign]s4 ,i meet all y\r conjectures &  
wild speculations 9 ref]5ce to ^! sev]al
 oa?s & obligations1 by say+1 j "h1 t ,i
 h tak5 !m all1 & t !y express my       
s5tim5ts & feel+s to ! v lett]2 & ,i am 
will+1 = ! rema9d] ( my days1 to g be=e 
an act+ ,ju/ice ( ! ,peace1 = ! c\nty ( 
,knox1 & h all ?ree ( ^! oa?s adm9i/]$ e
 ,monday morn+1 ^u ! ,holy ,bible &     
,cross4  ,y h fail$1 9 y\r zeal to      
advocate ,romanism & oppose ! ,am]ican  
p>ty1 to tell ! ,bi%ops1 ,eld]s1 & o!r  
,m9i/]s1 :om y address1 t we resort to  
our oa?s & obligations to combat        
successfully ! mo/ p[]ful oa?-b\nd      
organization ! _w ev] knew4 ,! oa? ( e  
,roman ,ca?olic ,bi%op & ,ar*bi%op b9ds 
him to absolute & unque/ion$ ob$i5ce1 n 
only to ! pres5t ,pope b to 8           
successors1 canonically com+ 91 & to    
oppose & p]secute all :o d n submit to 8
 au?ority6 ,! oa? ( e ,prie/ b9ds him to

 ! ,*ur* ( ,rome z ! *ief head & matron 
above all pret5d$ ,*ur*es ?r\gh\t ! :ole
 e>?1 & to fur!r h] int]e/s m ?an 8 own 
e>?ly good4 ,! oa? ( ! ,jesuit b9ds him 
to ! ,pope1 z ,*ri/'s ,vic>-,g5]al1 by  
all ! sa9ts & ho/s ( heav51 & to d5\nce 
& dis[n any allegiance z due to         
,prote/ants1 or ob$i5ce to any ( _!     
inf]ior magi/rates or (fic]s4 ,! oa? ( !
 ,san ,f$i/i1 a secret ,ord] e/abli%$ by
 ! ,papal gov]nm5t 9 #ahba1 b9ds !m to  
su/a9 ! ,papal alt> & ?rone1 & to       
ext]m9ate h]etics1 )\t pity = ! cries ( 
*ildr51 or ( m5 & wom54 ,! oa? ( ! ,iri%
 ,ribbon ,m51 an ,ord] e/abli%$ by !    
,papal gov]nm5t1 & introduc$ into ?is   
c\ntry by ,b$9i1 ! ,pope's ,nuncio1 b a 
few ye>s ago1 b9ds him to extirpate all 
h]etics1 & all ! ,prote/ants1 & to walk 
9 _! blood to ! knees4 ,is x n "t to    
take ! al>m1 ,gov]nor1 & to comb9e to   
resi/ all ^! secret oa?-b\nd            
associations1 :i* n[ ?reat5 u ) ! loss (
 all t freem5 & ,prote/ant ,*ri/ians    
hold de> on e>?8  ,x is a matt] ( utt]  

a/oni%m5t to f9d a great political p>ty 
9 ?is c\ntry1 mo/ ( :om are native-born 
,prote/ants1 tak+ sides ) a =eign ,*ur*1
 ^: designs aga9/ ?is c\ntry1 accord+ to
 ! av[als ( ! ,duke ( ,ri*mond1 lately  
,gov]nor-,g5]al ( ,canada1 are ( ! mo/  
wick$ & fe>ful "*6 ,speak+ ( ?is        
gov]nm5t1 ! ,duke said 9 a public       
address1 on our nor!rn bord]3       ,x w
 be de/roy$3 x ought n1 & w n be p]mitt$
      to exi/4 ,! curse ( ! ,fr5*       
revolution1 & subsequ5t      w>s &      
commotions 9 ,europe1 are to be         
attribut$ to its      example2 & s long 
z x exi/s1 no pr9ce w be safe ^u      8 
?rone2 & ! sov]eigns ( ,europe are aw>e 
( x1 &      !y h det]m9$ ^u its         
de/ruction1 & h come to an      und]/&+ 
^u ?is subject1 & h decid$ on ! means   
to accompli% x2 & !y w ev5tually succe$1
 by      ,,subv]sion r ?an conque/4 ,all
 ! l[ & surplus      population ( !     
diff]5t nations ( ,europe w be c>ri$    
into t c\ntry4 ,x is & w be a receptacle
 = ! bad      & disaffect$ population ( 

,europe1 :5 !y are n want$      =       
soldi]s1 or to supply ! navies2 & !     
gov]nm5ts (      ,europe w favor su* a  
c\rse4 ,?is w create a surplus      &   
majority ( l[ population1 :o are s v    
easily excit$2      & !y w br+ ) !m _!  
pr9ciples1 & 9 n9e      cases out ( t5  
adh]e to _! anci5t & =m]      gov]nm5ts1
 laws1 mann]s1 cu/oms1 & religion1 & w  
transmit !m to _! po/]ity2 & 9 _m cases 
propagate      !m among ! natives4 ,^!  
m5 w become citiz5s1 & by      !        
,con/itution & laws w be inve/$ ) ! "r (
      suffrage4 ,h5ce1 discord1         
diss5sion1 an>*y1 & civil w>      w     
ensue2 & "s popul> individual w assume !
      gov]nm5t1 & re/ore ord]1 & !      
sov]eigns ( ,europe1      ! emigrants1 &
 _m ( ! natives1 w su/a9 him4 ,!        
,*ur* ( ,rome has a design ^u t c\ntry2 
& x w 9      "t be ! e/abli%$ religion1 
& w aid 9 !      de/ruction ( t         
,republic4 ,i h conv]s$ ) _m (      !   
sov]eigns & pr9ces ( ,europe2 & !y h    
unanim\sly      express$ ^! op9ions     

relative to ! gov]nm5t ( !      ,unit$  
,/ates1 & _! det]m9ation to subv]t x4   
,! mon>*s ( ,europe1 says ! ,duke (     
,ri*mond1 w aid 9 s5d+ u a surplus ( l[1
 excitable1 bad1 & disaffect$ m51 :o w  
br+ ) !m _! pr9ciples1 & w adh]e to _!  
=eign notions ( gov]nm5t1 laws1 mann]s1 
cu/oms1 & religion--& t religion        
,ca?olic2 & yet y1 ! son ( a n[ sa9t$   
fa!r1 ( ,prote/ant rais+1 h ! braz5     
effront]y to call ^u ! ,bi%ops1 ,eld]s1 
& o!r ,m9i/]s ( an ,am]ican ,prote/ant  
,*ur* to aid y1 y\r corrupt p>ty1 & !   
mon>*s ( ,europe1 9 de/roy+ bo? our     
gov]nm5t & ,*ur*6  ,sir1 x is pass+     
/range t ,prote/ant ,*ri/ians & _!      
*ildr5 %\ld be f\nd side by side ) y1   
,bi%op ,hughes1 ,gov4 ,johnson1 & !     
?\s&s ( bad m5 :o are seek+ to build up 
a ,roman ,hi]>*y 9 ?is free c\ntry (    
ours6 ,:at d y promise ! c\ntry &       
y\rselves1 if ,romanism proves          
successful 9 ?is conte/8 ,! hi/ory ( !  
pa/ in=ms u t ,rome has sla9 #a1jjj1jjj 
( ,albig5ses & ,wald5ses2 #a1ejj1jjj    

,jews1 9 ,spa92 #c1jjj1jjj ,moors1 9    
,spa94 ,france w nev] =get ,/4          
,b>?olomew's ,night1 :5 #ajj1jjj s\ls   
p]i%$ 9 ,p>is alone6 ,! blood (         
,prote/ants has f]tiliz$ ! soil (       
,engl&1 ,g]many1 & ,irel&4 ,i mean by   
?is1 t en\gh ( ,prote/ant blood has be5 
%$ to enri* all ! poor l&s ( ,engl&1    
,g]many1 & ,irel&1 if x 7 prop]ly       
di/ribut$4 ,9 all1 ! au!ntic records ( !
 ,romi% ,*ur* %[1 7& ( ?is %e makes h]  
boa/17 t %e has put to dea?             
,,sixty-,,eight ,,millions ( human be+s1
 = no o!r (f5ce ?an t ( be+ ,prote/ants 
9 _! religi\s fai?6 ,av]age ea* p]son   
sla9 at f\r gallons ( blood1 & m$ical   
writ]s say a heal?y p]son yields m1 & x 
makes ,,two ,,hundr$ ,,& ,,sev5ty-,,two 
,,millions ,,( ,,gallons6--en\gh to     
ov]fl[ ! banks ( ! ,mississippi1 &      
de/roy all ! cotton & sug> plantations 9
 ,mississippi & ,l\isiana6  ,b y argue1 
9 y\r blasphem\s publication1 t ?is is  
no long] a *>act]i/ic ( ! ,romi%        
,hi]>*y4 ,:y is x n8 ,has %e ev] *ang$ =

 ! bett]8 ,:5 did %e ev] r5\nce ^!      
doctr9es & practices8 ,nev]1 no1 nev]6  
,h]s is ! same tyrannical sy/em n[--:]e 
%e has ! p[]--t x always has be51 &     
always mu/ be1 9 ! v nature ( ?+s6 ,x is
 h] boa/1 & ! boa/ ( h] /&>d au?ors1 t  
%e is always "r1 & kn[s no *ange6 ,& wo 
to ?is l& ( ours1 if ev] ,rome gets !   
asc5dancy "h6 ,h] :ole sy/em is adv]se  
to our ,republican in/itutions1 & %e    
hesitates n to decl>e x6 ,br[nson says 9
 8 ,review3       ,let u d>e to ass]t ! 
tru? 9 ! face ( ! ly+      _w1 &1 in/ead
 ( plead+ = our ,*ur* at ! b> (      !  
,/ate1 summon ! ,/ate itself to plead at
 ! b> ( !      ,*ur*1 its div9ely       
con/itut$ judge4  ,no wond]1 sir1 t !   
,am]ican p are ar\s$6 ,su* bold & />tl+ 
av[als are calculat$ to ar\se & unite ! 
some:at divid$ b&s ( ,prote/ant         
,*ri/ians2 to wake up a ho/ ( ,lu!rs1   
,calv9s1 ,cranm]s1 & ,wesleys2 to b9d   
toge!r ! h]etics condemn$ 9 a mass4 ,! v
 late/ ?+ ,i h se5 is ! ,pa/oral ,lett] 
( ! ,bi%ops ( ! ,prov9ce ( ,/4 ,l\is1 j 

issu$4 ,t docum5t explicitly says3      
,we ma9ta9 ! sup]iority ( ! spiritual   
ov] !      temporal ord]4 ,we ma9ta9 t !
 temporal rul] is      b\nd to con=m 8  
enactm5ts to ! ,div9e law4 ,we          
ma9ta9 t ! ,*ur* is ! supreme judge (   
all que/ions      conc]n+ fai? & morals2
 & t 9 ! det]m9ation (      su* "q1 !   
,roman ,pontiff1 ,vic> ( ,jesus ,*ri/1  
con/itutes a tribunal f :i* !re is no   
appeal2 & to      ^: aw>d all ! *ildr5 (
 ! ,*ur* mu/ yield      ob$i5ce4  ,n[1  
sir1 aft] ?is au?oritative & (ficial    
ann\ncem5t1 ,i don't want to see any m (
 y\r wire-drawn di/9ctions betwe5       
spiritual & temporal allegiance to !    
,pope4 ,^! ,bi%ops say t bo? are alike  
b9d+4 ,nor d ,i want to see any m ( y\r 
malignant ef=ts to fix ! lie ^u ,mr4    
,wesley1 = affirm+ 9 ,europe1 dur+ ! pa/
 c5tury1 :at ! ,bi%ops ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates
 h ann\nc$1 9 a ,pa/oral ,address1 9 !  
pres5t day6  ,pope ,pius ,,ix4 has1 by a
 special act1 made ! ,virg9 ,m>y !      
special patron ( ^! ,unit$ ,/ates2 b !  

,prote/ants ( ?is c\ntry h also made a  
decree1 & t decree is1 t ,jesus ,*ri/1 &
 n ! ,virg9 ,m>y1 %all be ! patron ( ^! 
,unit$ ,/ates4  ,& ,i am happy to h x 9 
my p[] to in=m y1 not)/&+ ! influ5ce (  
y\r ,address1 t ! ,bi%ops1 ,eld]s1 & o!r
 ,m9i/]s ( ! ,me?odi/ ,*ur*1 bo? ,nor? &
 ,s\?1 are ready to make a common1      
det]m9$1 pray]ful ef=t to save our      
native l& f ! ?reat5$ slav]y (          
submission to ! decisions ( ! ,c\ncil ( 
,tr5t1 & ! equally corrupt conv5tions ( 
,progressive ,democracy6  ,assum+ :at is
 notori\sly false--t ! ,"k ,no?+s are 9 
favor ( all measures fatal to ! ,s\?1 & 
de/ructive to ! ,con/itution--y ask on  
page #be ( y\r inf9itely inf]nal        
,address3       ,:at if a proposition be
 p5d+ to repeal ! ,fugitive ,slave      
,law--! ,kansas & ,nebraska law--!      
rejection ( a ,/ate      ask+ admission 
into ! ,union1 because its con/itution  
may      tol]ate slav]y8  ,y "k1 sir1 t 
! #ab? ,plank 9 ! ,philadelphia ,plat=m 
( ! ,am]ican p>ty is a saf] gu>anty ^u  

?is slav]y "q1 & ! p]petuity ( exi/+    
laws1 ?an is to be f\nd any:]e 9 ! cre$s
 ( political p>ties4 ,"h x is 9 full3   
,! ,am]ican p>ty hav+ aris5 ^u ! ru9s1 &
 9 spite      ( ! opposition ( ! ,:ig & 
,democratic p>ties1 c n      be held 9  
any mann] responsible = ! obnoxi\s acts 
or      violat$ pl$ges ( ei!r2 & !      
sy/ematic agitation ( !      slav]y "q  
by ^? p>ties hav+ elevat$ sectional     
ho/ility into a positive elem5t (       
political p[]1 &      br\ght our        
in/itutions into p]il1 x has !re=e      
become      ! imp]ative duty ( !        
,am]ican p>ty to int]pose1 = !          
purpose ( giv+ peace to ! c\ntry1 &     
p]petuity to !      ,union4 ,& z        
exp]i5ce has %[n x impossible to        
reconcile      op9ions s extreme z ^?   
:i* sep>ate ! disputants1 &      z !re c
 be no di%onor 9 submitt+ to ! laws1 !  
,national ,c\ncil has deem$ x ! be/     
gu>anty ( common      ju/ice & ( future 
peace1 to abide by & ma9ta9 !      exi/+
 laws ^u ! subject ( slav]y1 z a f9al & 

conclusive settlem5t ( t subject 9 _s & 
9      sub/ance4       ,& reg>d+ x !    
highe/ duty to av[ _! op9ions ^u      a 
subject s important1 9 di/9ct &         
unequivocal t]ms1 x      is h]eby decl>$
 z ! s5se ( ?is ,national ,c\ncil1 t    
,congress possesses no p[]1 "u !        
,con/itution1 to      legislate ^u !    
subject ( slav]y 9 ! ,/ates :]e x       
does or may exi/1 or to exclude any     
,/ate f admission into      ! ,union1   
because its ,con/itution does or does n 
recognize      ! in/itution ( slav]y z a
 "p ( its social sy/em2 &      expressly
 pret]mitt+ any expression ( op9ion ^u !
      p[] ( ,congress to e/abli% or     
prohibit slav]y 9 any      ,t]ritory1 x 
is ! s5se ( ! ,national ,c\ncil t       
,congress ought n to legislate ^u !     
subject ( slav]y      )9 ! ,t]ritories (
 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 & t any      int]f]5ce
 by ,congress ) slav]y z x exi/s 9 !    
,di/rict ( ,columbia1 w\ld be a         
violation ( ! _s &      int5tion ( !    
compact by :i* ! ,/ate ( ,m>yl& c$$     

! ,di/rict to ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 & a brea*
 ( ! national      fai?4  ,9 ! wild hunt
 = t]ritory by ! progressive ,democracy1
 & _! ef=ts to settle our ,we/]n l&s )  
=eign]s :o are to a man ,free ,soil]s & 
,abolitioni/s1 ! ,s\? has m to fe> ?an f
 all o!r consid]ations4 ,:at is ,gov4   
,johnson's iniquit\s ,home/ead ,bill1 b 
a bid = =eign]s8 ,he proposes to give to
 ! heads ( families "o hundr$ & sixty   
acres ( l&1 ?us hir+ all ! convicts &   
paup]s ( ,europe to come & settle 9 our 
,we/]n ,/ates & ,t]ritories6 ,sir1 b let
 y\r progressive1 sublimat$1            
d\ble-di/ill$1 conv]g+-l9es1 ,johnsonian
 ,democracy br+ into ?is ,union "o      
million ( ,spani% ,papi/s--black1 br[n1 
sorrel1 & tawny--"u ! guise ( acquir+   
,cuba = ! ,s\?3 let !m br+ eight hundr$ 
?\s& ,fr5* & ,engli% ,papi/s1 "u ! "n ( 
acquir+ ,canada = ! ,nor?3 let !m br+   
two millions ( ,mexican ,papi/s--br[n1  
tawny1 r$ & black1 be+ a mixture ( all  
colors & all nations--"u ! speci\s      
pret5ce ( ext5d+ ! area ( fre$om--let   

all ?is be done--& y\r p>ty1 made up (  
native traitors1 & =eign vagabonds1 &   
,ca?olic paup]s1 are aim+ at x--let x be
 done1 ,i say1 & f>ewell to lib]ty1 &   
all t is sacr$ 9 ?is c\ntry6 ,) five    
millions ( ,papi/s 9 our mid/--f\r      
millions & a half be+ ( =eign bir?1 &   
f\r millions speak+ a =eign             
language--all taught f infancy to hate &
 dete/ ,prote/antism z a crime--an      
,am]ican p>ty w\ld become an absolute   
political necessity4 ,well d ! ,free    
,soil pap]s compreh5d ?is matt]4 ,he> ! 
infam\s b influ5tial ,*icago ,tribune1  
"o ( y\r ,d\glass organs--"o ( y\r =eign
 ,ca?olic organs4 ,i quote f ! pap]     
itself3       ,x is n[ a well-atte/$    
fact1 t ,at*ison is a memb] (      !    
,sup]ior ,ord] ( ! ,spangl$ ,bann]1 or  
,"k ,no?+s1      & t 8 inf]nal villa9y 9
 ,kansas has be5 c>ri$ on      "u !     
protection & patronage ( ! lodges 9     
,we/]n      ,miss\ri4 ,?is is a matt] t 
all m5 9 ! ,nor? %\ld      und]/&1 t    
,nor!rn vot]s may be exce$+ly cauti\s   

h[ !y give c\nt5ance or support to an   
,ord] t1 9 any      ( its phases or     
localities1 is capable ( produc+ su*    
results4 ,x is fur!r said1 t ! memb]s ( 
t ,kansas      ,legislature1 n[ outrag+ 
all s5se ( "r & ju/ice by      _!       
devili% enactm5ts1 are ! *os5 m5 ( !    
affiliat$      ,"k ,no?+s 9 ,miss\ri &  
,kansas1 :o back !n up 9      :atev] ?+ 
!y d4 ,at*ison & 8 gang are ! fri5ds    
( ! ,ord]1 & ?r\gh x & ,s\!rn ,"k ,no?+ 
support      !y are sure t _! ef=ts to  
e/abli% a despotism 9      ! ,t]ritory1 
if necess>y1 at ! po9t ( ! bayonet1 w   
be successful4 ,^! facts acc\nt = _m ?+s
 h]et(ore      inexplicable1 & !y       
develop ! true reason ( ! ho/ility      
( ! bord]-ruffians to ! =eign           
immigration t w\ld1      "u o!r         
circum/ances1 p t va/ & f]tile c\ntry   
we/ ( ! ,miss\ri4  ,?us x appe>s t a ho/
 ( l\sy =eign]s1 fre% f ! emigrant %ips1
 9 :i* !y are br\ght ov] to ?is c\ntry z
 balla/--hav+ ! "r to vote conf]r$ ^u !m
 by an infam\s progressive ,democratic  

feature 9 ! ,kansas ,bill1 7 expect$ to 
get ! control ( affairs 9 ,kansas4 ,x   
fur!r appe>s1 h[ev]1 t ,s5ator ,at*ison 
& 8 pro-slav]y associates suppos$ t1    
?\gh fre% f _! f>ms1 & cross+ ! l9e ( _!
 ,/ate into ! new ,t]ritory1 !y too _h !
 "r to vote )\t be+ naturaliz$ 9        
,kansas4 ,h5ce1 9 ! e/imation ( ?is ,sag
 ,ni*t organ at ,*icago1 a great outrage
 is committ$ ^u ,g]many1 ,irel&1 &      
,italy6  ,sir1 y ne$ n lay ! flatt]+    
unction to y\r s\l1 t y c drive ! cl]gy 
g5]ally f ! noble /& !y h tak5 ^u ?is   
great "q4 ,nor ne$ y suppose1 = "o      
mom5t1 t ! ,am]ican p>ty are conqu]$1   
?\gh defeat$ 9 sev]al ,/ates 9 ! rec5t  
elections4 ,! p>ty w rema9 true to its  
ends4 ,?\gh x fail to comm& (fice1 x _c 
fail to ex]cise l>ge p[]4 ,(fice is n   
always /r5g?2 b sometimes1 nay1         
frequ5tly1 z 9 ! case ( ! pres5t        
,adm9i/ration1 weakness1 z "t w prove6  
,! aim ( ! ,am]ican p>ty is1 by fair    
p>ty means1 to correct a great social   
evil & political wrong2 & if !y _c d t1 

to mitigate ! evil & ! wrong2 if !y _c d
 t1 to prev5t its fur!r increase2 & if  
nei!r c be done1 :y1 !n ,i confess to y1
 ! p>ty w h fail$4 ,b1 sir1 if su* a    
failure take place1 re/ assur$ t !      
,bi%ops1 ,eld]s1 & o!r ,m9i/]s ( !      
,me?odi/ ,*ur*1 ,s\?1 w n help to br+   
ab\t su* a failure6 ,we c af=d to let   
su* m9ions ( p>ty z y are1 rave & rant1 
& publi% _! expositions1 & issue _!     
w>n+s to ,*ur*es3 !y w all s]ve to swell
 our ranks4 ,all true ,am]ican he>ts1 n 
*a9$ to ! c> ( p>ty1 or b\nd d[n by !   
cords ( plund]1 ?9k alike ^u ! great    
que/ions t h call$ ! ,am]ican p>ty into 
exi/5ce4 ,little d we reg>d ! sl&]s ( ! 
p5sion]s ( p>ty4 ,let _! spee*es &      
publications teem ) :olesale sl&]s ( our
 cre$3 ! political jockeyism ( ^!       
?imble-rigg]s1 z 9 y\r own case1 is too 
app>5t6  ,f ,ma9e to ! %ores ( !        
,pacific ! c\ntry is convuls$ ) int5se  
excitem5t ^u ?is subject4 ,%all         
,am]icans gov]n !mselves1 or %all       
,=eign]s1 unacqua9t$ ) our laws1 &      

br\ght up "u mon>*ical gov]nm5ts1 rule8 
,%all ^? :o are temporally & spiritually
 subject to a =eign pr9ce be our        
legislators1 po/-ma/]s1 =eign m9i/]s1 & 
milit>y lead]s1 & *ange our laws z !y   
are direct$ by ! ,pope ( ,rome8 ,su*    
results ! ,am]ican p>ty h set out to    
prev5t4 ,! pres5t excitem5t w n cease2  
true ,am]icans & ,prote/ants w labor &  
pray until our di/ract$ c\ntry %all be  
r$eem$ f ! influ5ce ( civil &           
ecclesia/ical tyranny4  ,n[1 ,gov]nor1  
,i h notic$ all y\r *>ges1 argum5ts1 &  
appeals1 b "o1 & t is ! allegation t    
,me?odi/ cl]ical ,"k ,no?+s are         
conspirators4 ,y\r argum5t is--& ,i wi% 
to repres5t y correctly--,! (f5ce (     
conspiracy is n conf9$ to ! prejudic+ ( 
a p>ticul> individual2 x may be to      
injure public trade1 to affect public   
heal?1 or to violate public policy4  ,y 
cite ,black/one's ,comm5t>y1 & o!r      
,engli% ,law ,books1 to satisfy ! ,cl]gy
 z to ! law ( conspiracy4 ,?is done1 y  
ov]:elm !m ) ?is sage & logical         

conclusion3       ,! gi/ ( ! (f5ce (    
conspiracy consi/s 9 a      conf$]acy to
 d an unlawful act1 & ! (f5ce is        
complete :5 ! conf$]acy is made4  ,i w  
conc$e1 = ! sake ( ! argum5t1 t ?is is  
s\nd law1 & t y\rs is a logical         
d$uction4 ,nay1 ,i w conc$e m--,i grant 
t x is an unlawful act = native         
,am]icans1 & ,prote/ant ,*ri/ians1 :e!r 
m9i/]s or laym51 to resolve1 or swe>1 z 
we ,"k ,no?+s h all done1 t we w n vote 
= ,ca?olics & ,=eign]s = public (fices6 
,i take ! gr\nd y d1 t a man's vote is n
 8 own1 & t x is only to be dispos$ ( by
 ! lead]s ( ! p>ty ) :i* he may act6  ,&
 n[1 if y & ,i1 bo? great m51 & ,doctors
 ( ,law1 are correct 9 lay+ d[n ! law1 &
 ! privilege ( vot]s 9 ?is free c\ntry1 
:at an infam\s body ( conspirators !    
,democrats are1 & h always be56 ,= a    
qu>t] ( a c5tury1 !y h conspir$ to keep 
! ,:igs out ( (fice--h succe$$ 9 do+ s  
mo/ ( t "t--& h kept ?\s&s ( !m :o are  
poor f becom+ ri*6 ,m rec5tly1 !y h     
conspir$ ) ,abolitioni/s1 ,free ,soil]s1

 ,f\ri]ites1 ,spirituali/s1 ,roman      
,ca?olics1 ,iri%1 ,fr5*1 & ,g]man       
paup]s1 & all mann] ( ,european         
convicts1 to keep ! ,am]ican p>ty out ( 
(fice1 & h succe$$ 9 ,virg9ia1 ,nor?    
,c>ol9a1 ,georgia1 ,alabama1            
,p5nsylvania1 ,ohio1 ,ill9ois1 ,texas1 &
 o!r ,/ates--!reby depriv+ ! ,am]icans (
 lots ( money & honors1 bo? ( :i* !y    
ne$1 & bo? ( :i* are _! bir?rights6  ,! 
,bi%ops1 ,eld]s1 & o!r ,m9i/]s1 :om y   
address1 9 opposition to ! great s9 (   
conspiracy1 w\ld m *e]fully unite ) y to
 en=ce law & ord]1 & to prosecute       
(f5d]s1 b = ! fact t ! ,abolition w+ (  
y\r p>ty once conspir$ aga9/ !m1 to     
deprive _! wives1 *ildr51 wid[s1 &      
orphans1 ( _! lawful portion ( ! great  
,book ,conc]n 9 ,new ,york1 & !y 7      
compell$ to puni% ! conspirators1 at    
great exp5se1 h[ev]1 9 ! ,di/rict &     
,supreme ,c\rts ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates6  ,b1 
,sir1 ^u ! subject ( oa?s1 y are        
eloqu5t1 apt 9 y\r quotations (         
,scripture1 & ev9ce great le>n+ 9 !     

legal pr(ession6 ,y *>ge t ,"k ,no?+ism 
is bo? un*ri/ian & unlawful1 because (  
its oa?s1 :i* h no ,scripture w>rant =  
_! adm9i/ration6 ,"o ( y\r quotations f 
! ,bible is ?is3 ,swe> n at all3 nei!r  
by heav51 = x is ,god's ?rone3 nor by ! 
e>?1 = x is 8 foot/ool4 ,y\r m9d has    
und]gone a great *ange ^u ! subject (   
oa?s & h>d swe>+1 s9ce ! #ba/ ( ,june1  
#ahde1 :5 y deliv]$ y\r celebrat$ ,m\nt 
,pisgah spee* at ,a!ns4 ,y !n advis$ ! p
 ( ! ,/ate to adm9i/] horrible oa?s1 &  
to swe> by ! heav5s1 aye1 ,god's ?rone4 
,b !n y 7 a ,"k ,no?+4 ,"h is :at y say 
9 y\r revis$ copy ( t memorable spee*3  
,g up ) me 9 imag9ation & /& = a:ile on 
"s      l(ty summit ( ! ,rocky ,m\nta9s4
 ,let u take "o ravi%+      view ( ?is  
broad l& ( lib]ty4 ,turn y\r face t[>d !
      ,gulf ( ,mexico3 :at d y behold8  
,in/ead ( "o lone />      fa9tly %9+ 9 !
 f> di/ant s\?1 a :ole galaxy (      />s
 ( ! fir/ magnitude are bur/+ on y\r    
vision &      %9+ ) a bright & glori\s  
effulg5ce4 ,n[ turn ) me      to !      

we/--! mighty we/--:]e ! sett+ sun dips 
h]      disk 9 ! we/]n ocean4 ,look away
 d[n ?r\gh ! mi/y      di/ance to !     
%ores ( ! ,pacific1 ) all its bays1 &   
h>bors1 & riv]s4 ,ca/ y\r eyes z f> z ! 
,russian      ,possessions1 9 latitude  
fifty-f\r degrees & =ty m9utes4         
,:at a new _w lies be=e y6 ,h[ _m       
magnific5t ,/ates      to be ! future   
homes ( ! sons & daught]s ( fre$om6     
,b y h n gaz$ on half ?is glori\s       
c\ntry4 ,turn n[      y\r face to ! ea/1
 :]e ! morn+ sun fir/ %9es on      ?is  
l& ( lib]ty4 ,away yond]1 y see !       
immortal old      ?irte51 :o a*iev$ our 
indep5d5ce2 ne>] to u lie !      twelve 
or fifte5 ,/ates ( ! great valley ( !   
,mississippi1 /ret*+ & repos+ l s _m    
giants 9      _! slumb]s4 ,o6 n[ ,i see 
y\r he>t is full--x c take 9      no m4 
,:o n[ feels l he 0 a p>ty man1 or a    
s\!rn      man1 or a nor!rn man8 ,:o    
does n feel t he is an      ,am]ican1 & 
?ankful to ,heav5 t 8 lot 0 ca/ 9 su*   
a goodly l&8 ,:5 did m5tal vision ev]   

re/ on su* a      sc5e8 ,moses1 :5 /&+  
on ! top ( ,m\nt ,pisgah1 look+      ov]
 on ! promis$ l&1 gaz$ n on a sc5e half 
s lovely4      ,o6 let u ?is day v[ t   
:atev] else we may d1 by      :atev] "n 
we may be call$1 we w nev] surr5d] "o   
squ>e acre ( ?is goodly h]itage to !    
,,dictation ( any      k+ or pot5tate on
 e>?4 ,,swe> ,,x6 ,,swe> ,,x6 my        
c\ntrym51      & let ,,heav5 ,,record   
,,! ,,v[ ,,= ,,ev]6  ,9 conclusion1     
,gov]nor1 suff] a few words ( advice1 & 
,i w br+ ?is lett]1 already too long1 to
 a close4 ,y are advanc$ 9 ye>s1 nay1 y 
h gr[n gray 9 ! s]vice ( s91 & political
 intrigues2 & at mo/ y h n long to live4
 ,cease y\r political aspirations1 &    
turn y\r att5tion to future & et]nal    
?+s6 ,y h be5 a memb] ( our ,/ate       
,legislature2 subsequ5tly1 a memb] (    
,congress2 & m rec5tly ! ,gov]nor ( our 
,/ate2 honors & /ations1 to say ! lea/ (
 x1 equal to y\r m]its & tal5ts6  ,z a  
true son ( a n[ sa9t$ fa!r1 f :om y h   
be5 sep>at$ = _m ye>s1 s demean y\rself 

9 future1 t y may n be sep>at$1 _w )\t  
end6 ,humble y\rself be=e ,god2 confess 
y\r num]\s s9s2 & in/ead ( lectur+      
,god's m9i/]s ^u ! subject ( p>ty       
politics1 ask !m1 ) te>s 9 y\r eyes1 to 
pray = y6 ,ex]cise a liv+ fai? 9 ,*ri/1 
:o came d[n f heav51 & made ^u ! cross a
 full1 p]fect1 & suffici5t sacrifice1   
oblation1 & satisfaction1 = ! s9s ( !   
:ole _w4 ,?us obta9+ =giv5ess1 cease y\r
 ,sunday discussions on political       
subjects2 att5d at ! h\se ( ,god1 & set 
an example to o!r ungodly ,sag ,ni*ts1 &
 lead a new & diff]5t life6  ,v         
respectfully1 y\r ob$i5t s]vant1        
,w4 ,g4 ,,br[nl[1       ,a ,local       
,me?odi/ ,m9i/]4     ,,gov]nor ,,johnson
 ,,& ,,editor ,,ea/man4   ,on ! #i? (   
,octob]1 #ahee1 & :ile ! ,legislature 0 
9 session at ,na%ville1 we deliv]$ a    
spee* to an imm5se cr[d on ! ,public    
,squ>e2 :i*1 aft] c]ta9 prelim9>y       
rem>ks1 we w give to ! public1 j z x 0  
spok54 ,! reason :y ! call 0 made on u  
to deliv] ! spee* 01 t we _h1 ! previ\s 

weeks1 deliv]$ ! same1 9 sub/ance1 at   
,%elbyville & ,cl>ksville1 & ! ,am]ican 
p>ty at ,na%ville he>+ ( x1 & approv+   
:at 0 said1 desir$ u to repeat x2 &1 to 
be c&id1 we desir$ to repeat x !re & !n6
  ,mr4 ,wise1 ( ,virg9ia1 ga9$ great    
notoriety1 9 ! spr+ ( #ahee1 by 8 abuse 
& blackgu>dism1 heap$ ^u ! ,am]ican     
p>ty4 ,he 0 successful2 & ,johnson1 (   
,t5nessee1 ^: ambition 0 to ga9 a m     
infam\s notoriety1 pr(it+ by ! example (
 ,wise1 plung$ into ! l[e/ dep?s (      
,bill+sgate1 & pil$ 8 vulg> epi!ts ^u ! 
p>ty indiscrim9ately4 ,wise1 !n1 l all  
inv5tors & orig9ators1 has _h num]\s    
imitators1 & among ! mo/ successful ( ^!
 are ,johnson1 ( ,t5nessee2 ,/eph5s1 (  
,georgia2 & ,cl+man1 ( ,nor? ,c>ol9a4 ,b
 z an adept 9 l[ ,bill+sgate slang1     
co>se blackgu>dism1 & z a sl&]] &       
malign] ( bett] m5 ?an himself1 ,johnson
 has excell$ 8 patron1 ,wise1 & left f> 
9 ! %ades ( ! di/ant cav]ns ( abuse1 bo?
 ,/eph5s & ,cl+man6  ,to prep>e ! public
 m9d = ! degree ( sev]ity we us$ 9      

ref]5ce to ! ,gov]nor ( ! ,/ate1 we w   
introduce z _m z five diff]5t extracts f
 8 spee*es1 9 8 late canvass = ,gov]nor1
 at ,murfreesboro' & ,man*e/]2 z report$
 by 8 p>tisan organ1 ! ,na%ville ,union1
 & 8 pliant tool1 its ,abolition editor1
 ,e4 ,g4 ,ea/man3       ,,! ,,devil1 ,,8
 ,,satanic ,,maje/y1 ,,! ,,pr9ce ,,(    
,,d>kness1 ,,:o      ,,presides ,,ov]   
,,! ,,secret ,,conclave ,,held ,,9      
,,p&emonium1 ,,makes      ,,w> ,,^u     
,,all ,,bran*es ,,( ,,*ri/',s ,,*ur*4   
,,! ,,"k ,,no?+s      ,,advocate ,,&    
,,def5d ,,none1 ,,b ,,make ,,w> ,,^u    
,,"o ,,( ,,!      ,,*ur*es1 ,,& ,,?us   
,,f> ,,become ,,! ,,allies ,,( ,,!      
,,pr9ce ,,(      ,,d>kness4--,spee* (   
,,&rew ,,johnson1 at ,murfreesboro'4    
,a ,,d5om9ation ,,l ,,?is1 ,,to ,,set   
,,up ,,z ,,! ,,gu>dians ,,( ,,!         
,,religion ,,& ,,morals ,,( ,,!         
,,c\ntry6 ,a ,,d5om9ation ,,b\nd        
,,toge!r ,,by ,,secret ,,& ,,t]rible    
,,oa?s3 ,,! ,,fir/ ,,( ,,:i*1 ,,on      
,,! ,,v ,,initiation1 ,,fixes ,,&       

,,requires ,,!m ,,to ,,c>ry ,a ,,lie ,,9
      ,,_! ,,m\?s4--,spee* ( ,,&rew     
,,johnson1 at ,murfreesboro'4       ,,%[
 ,,me ,,! ,,dim5sions ,,( ,a ,,"k       
,,no?+1 ,,& ,i ,,w ,,%[ ,,y      ,a     
,,huge ,,reptile1 ,,^u ,,^: ,,neck ,,!  
,,foot ,,( ,,e ,,hone/ ,,man            
,,ought ,,to ,,be ,,plac$4--,spee* (    
,,&rew ,,johnson1 at ,man*e/]4          
,,!y ,,are ,,l ,,! ,,hy5a1 ,,& ,,come   
,,f ,,_! ,,lair ,,aft]      ,,midnight  
,,to ,,prey ,,^u ,,human                
,,c>casses4--,spee* ( ,,&rew            
,,johnson1 at ,man*e/]4       ,i ,,w\ld 
,,z ,,soon ,,be ,,f\nd ,,9 ,,! ,,clan   
,,( ,,john ,a4 ,,murrell ,,z ,,9      ,a
 ,,"k ,,no?+ ,,c\ncil4--,spee* ( ,,&rew 
,,johnson1 at      ,man*e/]4  ,!        
blackgu>d & calumniator us+ ?is         
language1 0 elect$ by a majority ( two  
?\s& votes3 t majority be+ ca/ by       
,=eign]s & illegal vot]s2 & consequ5tly1
 8 competitor1 ,,col4 ,,g5try--?an :om  
!re is n a m tal5t$1 patriotic1 &       
honorable g5tleman 9 ,t5nessee--0 fairly

 & ju/ly elect$4 ,?is1 !n1 is ! language
 us$ by ! ,gov]nor ( ,t5nessee1 t[>ds a 
majority ( ! legal vot]s ( ! ,/ate6 ,"u 
^! circum/ances1 we made ! spee* t      
foll[s1 to an imm5se cr[d on ! ,squ>e3 !
 correspond5ce prec$+ :i*1 w expla9     
itself3                                 
,,na%ville1 ,oct4 #aj?1 #ahee4       ,w4
 ,g4 ,,br[nl[1 ,,esq43       ,de>       
,sir3--,! und]sign$1 hav+ he>d y\r spee*
 on !      ,squ>e1 la/ night1           
respectfully reque/ t y embody !        
sub/ance ( ! same1 & publi% x 9 !       
,knoxville ,:ig4      ,! desire to see x
 9 pr9t is v g5]al2 & ^? :o      he>d x 
approv$ its sev]ity1 )\t x 7 su* z 7    
bitt] aga9/ ! ,am]ican p>ty4       ,y\r 
fri5ds1      ,,*>les ,g4 ,,smi?1        
,,john ,,morrison1      ,f4 ,m4         
,,burton1      ,,robt4 ,s4 ,,nor?cutt1  
,,saml4 ,,davis4                        
,,na%ville1 ,oct4 #ac?1 #ahee4          
,,messrs4 ,,smi?1 ,,morrison1 ,,&       
,,o!rs3       ,g5tlem53--,y\r note      
reque/+ me to publi% ! sub/ance      (  

my rem>ks on ! ,squ>e1 la/ ,tuesday     
night1 has be5      receiv$1 & ,i w\ld h
 repli$ soon]1 b = my abs5ce      at    
,%elbyville4 ,i h n[ made ! same spee*  
at ,cl>ksville1      ,na%ville1 &       
,%elbyville2 & my only regrets are1 t my
      engagem5ts prev5t me f deliv]+ !  
same spee* at e      po9t 9 ?is ,/ate1  
:]e ,gov4 ,johnson held me up z ! ,high 
,prie/ ( ! ,ord]1 & argu$ !refrom ! want
 (      respectability = ! ,ord]4 ,9    
addition to y\r reque/1 ,i      h _h    
v]bal applications f _m g5tlem5 to      
publi% my      rem>ks--g5tlem5 :o h be5 
mild & mod]ate ?r\gh\t      _! political
 c\rse4 ,i %all1 !re=e1 comply ) y\r    
reque/ & !irs1 at my e>lie/ conv5i5ce4  
,i hold t no man's position 9 life %\ld 
%ield him f      ! rebukes he may m]it  
by 8 bad conduct2 & z = !      pres5t   
,gov]nor ( ,t5nessee1 8 :olesale abuse (
 !      ,am]ican p>ty1 t[>ds ^: memb]s1 
)\t a s+le      exception1 he has       
indulg$ 9 language :i* ought n to be    
tol]at$ )9 ! prec9cts ( ,bill+sgate1 no 

epi!t is      too l[1 too degrad+1 or   
disgraceful1 to pay him back 94         
,respectfully1 c41       ,w4 ,g4        
,,br[nl[4  ,,fell[-,,citiz5s3--,!       
occasion :i* has call$ y toge!r         
to-night1 is ! special appo9tm5t ( our  
"y fri5d1 ,mr4 ,cr[e1 to ^: eloqu5ce we 
h all li/5$ ) pleasure4 ,i h made no    
appo9tm5t to speak "h2 nor h ,i prompt$ 
! l\d & long calls made ^u me1 ?is ev5+1
 by ?is l>ge ,na%ville audi5ce4 ,i %all 
speak to y2 b n ^u ! issues ( ! late    
canvass1 nor ^u ^? ( ! approa*+ canvass 
( #ahef4 ,i w discuss ,&rew ,johnson &  
,e4 ,g4 ,ea/man2 & if !y are 9 !        
assembly1 ,i hope !y w come =w>d & take 
seats on ?is /&1 t ,i may h ! pleasure (
 look+ !m full 9 ! face1 z ,i d5\nce !m 
9 unmeasur$ t]ms3 :i* is my purpose     
to-night1 let ! consequ5ces be :at !y   
may6  ,on a memorable night 9 ,augu/1   
aft] x 0 und]/ood t ,&rew ,johnson 0    
relect$ to ! (fice ( ,gov]nor1 a        
procession 0 =m$ 9 ,knoxville1 compos$ (
 ! wor/ mat]ials 9 t "y & gr[+ city--su*

 z drunk51 r$-m\!d ,iri%m51 l\sy        
,g]mans1 & insol5t negroes1 ) ?ree or   
f\r m5 ( respectable pret5sions ?r[n 91 
to ex]cise a controll+ influ5ce ov] ^!  
bad mat]ials4 ,?is riot\s mob halt$ 9   
front ( my dwell+1 9 ,ea/ ,knoxville1 & 
groan$ & sang = my especial b5efit3 all 
:i* 0 natural en\gh--z !y _h triumph$   
ov] me 9 ! election ( a ,gov]nor4 ,i    
took no (f5ce at _! rejoic+ ov] !       
election ( ,gov4 ,johnson1 z ,i told !m2
 & = ! reason1 t ,i knew !m to be ( t   
class ( m5 :o w\ld actually ne$ !       
ex]cise ( ! p>don+ p[]1 at ! h&s ( !    
pres5t ,gov]nor1 to release !m f !      
p5it5ti>y1 be=e 8 pres5t t]m ( s]vice   
w\ld expire6  ,f my humble dwell+1 ?is  
beautiful procession m>*$ to ! ,coleman 
,h\se1 on ,gay /reet1 yell+ l devils1 & 
insult+ ! inmates ( e h\se !y pass$4    
,huzza = ,&y ,mc,johnson6 exclaim$ "o4  
,?ree *e]s = ,&y ,o',johnson6 exclaim$  
ano!r4 ,:ile1 to cap ! climax--,well    
done1 my ,johns+ & ! ,:ite ,ba/>d1      
7mean+ ,basis17 exclaim$ a drunk5 negro6

 ,halt+ 9 front ( ! ,coleman ,h\se1 !   
,gov]nor elect m\nt$ a goods box1 & "u  
feel+s ( great excitem5t1 hatr$1 &      
malice1 deliv]$ a spee* abusive ( ! :ole
 ,am]ican p>ty1 except+ none1 9 co>se1  
bitt] language1 9 a /yle peculi>ly 8    
own--adapt$ alone to ! f\l prec9cts (   
,bill+sgate--r\nd+ 8 p]iods ) a         
diabolical & inf]nal gr91 alone suit$ to
 a display ( oratory by a l& pirate6  ,i
 report$ ?is sl&]\s spee*--n 9 z (f5sive
 /yle--z x 0 deliv]$2 = 8 looks & gr9s  
no man c report on pap]4 ,i also wrote !
 sub/ance ( :at he said to ,major       
,donelson1 9 a lett]1 ( :i* ,i %all h   
some?+ m to say be=e ,i leave ?is /&4 ,j
 "h1 ,i w repeat :at ! ,gov]nor did say1
 & :at ,i report$ him to h said 9 my    
pap]4 ,i wi% ?is l>ge audi5ce to he> me 
di/9ctly1 & to recollect ! po9ts ,i     
make2 = ,i %all w9d up on ! ,gov]nor & 8
 mis]able tool1 ,ea/man1 ) a degree (   
sev]ity y h n be5 accu/om$ to1 b :i*    
%all be w>rant$ by ! facts 9 ea* case4  
,gov4 ,johnson said ?is new p>ty (      

self-/yl$ ,am]icans pr(ess$ to h        
organiz$ ) a view to purify & re=m ! old
 political p>ties4 ,a beautiful set1    
said he1 to re=m6 ,! ,ord] ( ,"k ,no?+s 
0 compos$ ( ! wor/ m5 9 ! ,:ig &        
,democratic p>ties4 ,z a sample ( ^! m51
 he po9t$ out ,&rew ,j4 ,donelson1 by   
"n--exclaim+ z (t5 z twice1 ,:o is ,&rew
 ,j4 ,donelson8 ,he is a s\r$1          
(fice-seek+1 disappo9t$ politician1 :o  
has be5 kick$ out ( ! ,democratic p>ty4 
,to illu/rate 8 views m fully1 he told !
 cr[d to imag9e a l>ge gang (           
c\nt]feit]s out !re6 & an equally l>ge  
gang ( horse-?ieves out yond]6 ,take f  
^! two companies ! wor/ m5 9 _! ranks1  
=m a ?ird p>ty ( ^!1 & y h a            
repres5tation ( ?is ,"k ,no?+ p>ty4 ,?is
 0 a beautiful p>ty to propose re=m1 or 
to speak ( o!r p>ties be+ corrupt6 ,he 0
 int]rupt$ repeat$ly2 & ,i ?9k ,i may   
safely say1 among h&s1 !y gave him !    
d----d lie fifty times6 ,james ,m4      
,davis1 a respectable me*anic1 ask$ him 
if he w\ld say t to ,major ,donelson's  

face8 ,he repli$1 t he he>d ! hiss+ ( an
 add]1 or a goose1 & w5t ?r\gh ) c]ta9  
/]eotyp$ phrases y h all he>d f 8 lips4 
,?is call ^u him by ,mr4 ,davis 0 n nam$
 9 my newspap] report1 nor 9 my lett] to
 ,major ,donelson4 ,inde$1 ,i did n     
anticipate a d5ial ( 8 abuse4  ,n[1     
fell[-citiz5s1 x 0 9 ?is connection1 z  
well z 9 ! mo/ (f5sive language1 t ,gov4
 ,johnson introduc$ ! "n ( ,&rew ,j4    
,donelson1 repeat+ x m ?an once1        
emphasiz+ ^u x1 & repeat+ x ) scorn &   
bitt]ness4 ,?is is ! report1 9 sub/ance1
 ,i made ( 8 spee* ?r\gh my pap]1 & 9 a 
lett] ,i address$ to ,major ,donelson4  
,& to ! tru? ( my report1 !re are "o    
hundr$ respectable g5tlem5 9 ,knoxville 
:o w make oa? ^u ! ,holy ,bible4 ,!re   
are n[ a half-doz5 respectable g5tlem5 9
 ?is cr[d :o 7 9 ! /reet at ,knoxville  
on t occasion1 & he>d e ^w ! ,gov]nor   
said1 & w su/a9 me 9 my acc\nt ( x4     
,among ^! ,i w "n ,messrs4 ,:ite &      
,arm/rong1 memb]s ( ! ,h\se1 ,s5ator    
,rog]s1 ,col4 ,james ,c4 ,luttrell1 &   

,mr4 ,flem+1 ! editor ( ! ,knoxville    
,regi/]4  ,well1 g5tlem5--& ,i am pr\d  
to h an opportunity ( v9dicat+ myself   
be=e s l>ge a ,na%ville audi5ce z ?is   
is--,i say ,major ,donelson came to     
,na%ville1 aft] receiv+ intellig5ce ( ! 
abuse ( ! ,gov]nor1 & 0 se5 walk+ ^!    
/reets ) a l>ge & homely /ick 9 8 h&1   
look+ grum1 z any g5tleman w\ld d "u !  
circum/ances4 ,! fri5ds ( ,gov4 ,johnson
 see+ :at w\ld likely be ! result ( ?is 
affair1 ask$ =1 & v prop]ly obta9$ t    
lett]1 ) a view to lay+ x be=e _! sl&]\s
 & abusive ,executive (fic]1 t he might 
lie out ( :at he said ab\t an honorable 
& brave man2 & !reby avoid ! disgrace ( 
a cudgell+6 ,did he lie out ( ! scrape8 
,he did3 aye1 he +lori\sly li$ out ( :at
 he _h said--leav+ ,major ,donelson no  
gr\nd = any difficulty ) him3 al?\gh !  
,major _h a "r to suppose t any man base
 en\gh to make su* *>ges1 w\ld h no     
hesitancy 9 ly+ out ( 8 disreputable &  
c[>dly abuse4 ,i !re=e pron\nce y\r     
,gov]nor1 "h ^u 8 own dunghill1 an      

,,unmitigat$ ,,li> ,,& ,,calumniator1 & 
a ,,villa9\s ,,c[>d1 want+ ! n]ve to /& 
up to 8 abuse ( bett] m5 ?an himself6   
,b x w be said t ! ,gov]nor proves me a 
li>1 by a citiz5 ( ,na%ville1 :o 0      
pres5t at ,knoxville & he>d 8 spee*4 ,t 
is s1 b ,i prove bo? him & 8 witness    
li>s1 by a multitude ( witnesses :o 7   
also pres5t1 & :o are g5tlem5 ( ! fir/  
/&+4 ,b :o is x t te/ifies t ,i h li$8  
,x is ,e4 ,g4 ,ea/man1 ! editor ( ! ,sag
 ,ni*t organ 9 ?is city4 ,& :o is ,e4   
,g4 ,ea/man8 ,he is a dirty1 ly+1 &     
unscrupul\s ,abolitioni/1 f             
,massa*usetts1 :o once conduct$ an      
,abolitioni/ pap] ei!r 9 t ,/ate1 or !  
,/ate ( ,new ,hamp%ire4 ,he 0 br\ght out
 to ?is ,/ate to lie = ! unscrupul\s    
lead]s ( 8 p>ty4 ,he is paid = tell+ &  
writ+ falsehoods1 & w\ld1 if ! int]e/s (
 8 p>ty requir$ x1 & a consid]ation 7   
paid him 9 h&1 swe> lies z readily z he 
w\ld write !m d[n = publication4 ,he is 
a poor devil1 z void ( tru? & honor z he
 has %[n himself to be ( c\rage &       

res5tm5t4 ,he edits a l[1 dirty1        
scurril\s %eet2 &1 l 8 ma/]1 ,gov4      
,johnson1 nev] c\ld elevate himself     
above ! level ( a common blackgu>d4 ,no 
epi!t is too l[1 too degrad+1 or        
disgraceful to be appli$ to ! memb]s ( !
 ,am]ican p>ty1 by ei!r ( ^! ,bill+sgate
 graduates4 ,dec5t m5 %un com+ 9 contact
 ) ei!r ( !m1 z !y w\ld avoid a         
night-c>t1 or o!r vehicle ( fil?4 ,z "s 
fi% ?rive only 9 dirty wat]1 s !        
,na%ville ,union & ,am]ican w\ld n exi/ 
a week out ( ! atmosph]e ( slang &      
vitup]ation4 ,a fit organ1 ?is1 = all :o
 arrange !mselves "u ! d>k piratical    
flag ( ,&rew ,johnson & 8 progressive   
,democracy4 ,i am ! m specific 9 ref]5ce
 to ,ea/man1 because ,i und]/& he is 9  
?is assembly6  ,b1 fell[-citiz5s1 ,i am 
n yet ?r\gh ) ?is ,knoxville spee* ( !  
,gov]nor4 ,maj4 ,donelson visit$        
,knoxville1 "o mon? aft] ?is sl&]\s     
spee* 0 made aga9/ him2 he visit$ !re ^u
 ! invitation ( ! ,am]ican p>ty1 to     
address a ,mass ,meet+4 ,i wait$ ^u     

,maj4 ,donelson1 ^u 8 arrival1 & f\nd   
him at ! h\se ( ,doct4 ,curry4 ,i told !
 ,major t ,i 0 tir$ ( hav+ que/ions (   
v]acity betwe5 me & ,gov]nors &         
,ex-,gov]nors ( ,t5nessee1 & t ,i desir$
 t o!rs %\ld /ate to him :at _h be5 said
 by ! ,gov]nor4 ,accord+ly1 diff]5t     
g5tlem51 citiz5s ( "*1 in=m$ him t !y 7 
9 ! cr[d & he>d ,johnson1 & t he did say
 all t 0 attribut$ to him1 bo? 9 ! lett]
 he _h receiv$ f me1 & 9 ! two          
,knoxville pap]s4 ,consequ5tly1 :5 ,maj4
 ,donelson made 8 spee* next day1 he    
d5\nc$ ! ,gov]nor z a mis]able          
calumniator1 & refut$ 8 villa9\s *>ges1 
9 a mann] becom+ ! occasion1 & ) a      
frankness :i* c>ri$ ) x a conviction (  
its tru?1 & gave satisfaction to 8      
num]\s fri5ds4  ,& n[1 g5tlem51 ,i take 
occasion to /ate1 t !re is no long] an  
adj\rn$ "q ( v]acity betwe5 me &        
,johnson & ,ea/man4 ,! issue is betwe5  
,johnson & ,ea/man1 on ! "o h&1 & v>i\s 
respectable g5tlem5 ( ,knoxville1 on !  
o!r h&4 ,ei!r ! ,gov]nor & 8 man ,friday

 h basely li$1 or a numb] ( ! citiz5s ( 
,knoxville & vic9ity1 h te/ifi$ to :at  
is false4 ,i ass]t1 once m1 t ! ,gov]nor
 & 8 dirty ,editor h li$ out ( !        
villa9\s abuse ! =m] heap$ ^u bett] m5  
?an himself4 ,& if _! fri5ds are will+  
to see !m rema9 "u ! *>ge1 ! ,am]ican   
p>ty are satisfi$ ) ! settlem5t ( ! "q4 
,fell[-citiz5s1 :ile ,i am on ! /&1 ,i w
 notice "s o!r po9ts p]sonal to myself4 
,& be=e ,i ent] ^u ^!1 ,i w call y\r    
att5tion to ! :olesale abuse ( !        
,gov]nor1 ( "s ?irty-five or =ty ?\s&   
vot]s 9 ,t5nessee4 ,9 8 ,murfreesboro'  
spee*1 he ass]t$ t ! ,devil1 8 ,satanic 
,maje/y1 presides ov] all ! secret      
conclaves held by ! ,"k ,no?+s1 & t !y  
are ! allies ( ! ,pr9ce ( ,d>kness4 ,i  
quote f 8 pr9t$ spee*es f memory1 b x w 
be f\nd t ,i quote correctly4 ,9 t same 
spee*1 he ass]ts t all ,"k ,no?+s are   
b\nd by t]rible oa?s to fix & c>ry a lie
 9 _! m\?s6 ,9 8 ,man*e/] spee*1 ,i     
believe x 01 he call$ all memb]s ( ! new
 p>ty ,hy5as1 & huge reptiles1 ^u ^:    

neck ! feet ( all hone/ m5 ought to be  
plac$4 ,& 9 ?is same spee* he says he   
,,w\ld ,,z ,,soon ,,be ,,f\nd ,,9 ,a    
,,clan ,,( ,,john ,a4 ,,murrell',s ,,m51
 ,,z ,,9 ,a ,,"k ,,no?+ ,,c\ncil6  ,:at 
an imputation ^u ne>ly "o half ( ! legal
 vot]s ( ,t5nessee6 ,he has us$ ! mo/   
odi\s t]ms 8 limit$ k ( ! ,engli%       
language w\ld enable him to employ1 to  
d]ide1 defame1 insult1 & blackgu>d e man
 :o has jo9$ ! new p>ty1 or d>es to act 
) !m 9 politics4 ,9 ! pl5itude ( 8 bitt]
 & sup]cili\s arrogance1 ,&rew ,johnson 
has indulg$ 9 language aga9/ ! entire   
,am]ican p>ty1 :i* w\ld n be tol]at$ )9 
! prec9cts ( ,bill+sgate1 or ! l[e/     
fi%-m>ket 9 ,london4 ,& f ,johnson to   
,%elby c\nties1 dur+ ! entire summ]1 ?is
 l[-flung & ill-br$ sc\ndrel1 pursu$ ?is
 same /ra9 ( vulg> & disgu/+ abuse4 ,&  
:e!r speak+ ( ! mo/ enlight5$ /atesman1 
! pure/ patriot1 or ! mo/ pi\s cl]gyman1
 he pursu$ ! same /ra9 ( abuse4 ,) him1 
a vile demagogue1 ^: daily employm5t is 
to adm9i/] to ! v wor/ appetites (      

mank9d1 no virtue1 no honor1 no tru?1   
exi/s any:]e1 b 9 ! brea/s ( su* z are  
ei!r corrupt en\gh or fool en\gh to     
foll[ him1 & a few malignant falsifi]s  
:o wor%ip at 8 %r9e4 ,he is a wret*$ &  
vile cat]] to ! morbid =eign & ,ca?olic 
appetite ( ?is c\ntry4 ,x is a dirty    
bird t f\ls its own ne/1 says ! prov]b2 
& x applies to ?is man ,johnson ) z mu* 
=ce z to ! dirtie/ ( ! fea!r$ tribe4    
,:]e is ! wret*1 s lo/1 s dead1     ,:o 
nev] to himself ha? said1       ,?is is 
my own1 ,,my ,,native ,,l&6  ,he n[     
disgraces ! ,executive ,*air ( ?is      
gallant ,/ate4 ,mo/ ( ,god's creatures1 
human & brute1 h an atta*m5t to ,,home1 
,,sweet ,,home2 b "h is a contemptible &
 selfi% demagogue :o disc>ds all su*    
feel+s1 & w\ld transf] 8 c\ntry & home  
to /rang]s & outlaws1 to ,european      
paup]s & crim9als1 if he c\ld !reby     
receive a tempor>y election1 or receive 
a pocket-full ( money4 ,= su* a wret* ,i
 h no sympa?y1 & no feel+s b ^? ( scorn 
& contempt1 & h5ce x is t ,i speak ( him

 9 su* t]ms4  ,on e /ump 9 ,t5nessee1 he
 held me up z ! ,high ,prie/ ( ! ,ord]1 
repres5t+ ,col4 ,g5try z my c&idate4    
,s9ce ,i came to ,middle ,t5nessee1 ,i h
 be5 in=m$ t he po9t$ to ! fanci$ fact t
 ,i 0 ! head ( ! ,ord]1 z an evid5ce (  
its utt] want ( respectability4 ,turn+  
up 8 nose1 & gr9n+ significantly1 he    
w\ld inquire1 ,:o is ,william ,g4       
,br[nl[8  ,n[1 g5tlem51 s9ce he makes   
?is issue ( respectability ) me1 ,i w   
accept x4 ,s9ce he ?r[s d[n ! glove1 ,i 
w take x up1 & ,i w %[ y t he is ! la/  
man on ,god's gre5 e>? to call 9 "q !   
respectability ( o!r m51 or _! families6
 ,x w\ld be bo? cruel & unbecom+ 9 me to
 speak ( :at ! di%one/ & villa9\s       
relatives ( ,gov4 ,johnson h done1 if he
 conduct$ himself prud5tly1 & did n     
abuse o!rs ) su* great pr(usion4 ,i am n
 aw>e ( any relative ( m9e ev] hav+ be5 
hung1 s5t to ! p5it5ti>y1 or be+ plac$ 9
 ! /ocks4 ,i h no d\bt t p]sons relat$  
to me1 directly or remotely1 h des]v$   
su* a fate long s9ce4 ,!re is n a man 9 

?is va/ assembly :o c say1 & tell !     
tru?1 t he has no mean k94 ,c ,gov4     
,johnson say s8 ,r1 c he say he has any 
o!r k9d8 ,he is a memb] ( a num]\s      
family ( ,johnsons1 9 ,nor? ,c>ol9a1 :o 
are g5]ally ,,?ieves & ,,li>s2 & ?\gh he
 is ! be/ "o ( ! family ,i h ev] met )1 
,i unhesitat+ly affirm1 to-night1 t !re 
are bett] m5 ?an ,&rew ,johnson 9 our   
,p5it5ti>y6 ,8 relatives 9 ! ,old ,nor? 
,/ate1 h /ood 9 ! ,/ocks = crimes !y h  
committ$4 ,& 8 own born c\s91 ,madison  
,johnson1 0 hung 9 ,raleigh1 = murd] &  
robb]y6 ,i told him ( ?is ye>s ago1 9   
,jonesboro'1 & he d5i$ x1 & put me to ! 
tr\ble ( procur+ ! te/imony ( ,gov4     
,john ,m4 ,morehead to prove x6 ,!      
,gov]nor 0 petition$ to p>don ,madison  
,johnson1 & decl9$1 z he knew he suff]$ 
ju/ly4 ,?is expla9s :y ?is scape-gall[s 
has be5 s bitt] aga9/ ,:ig & ,"k ,no?+  
,gov]nors4 ,!y h be5 s unfeel+1 z to    
suff] 8 de> relatives to pull hemp )\t  
foo?old1 :5 a jury ( twelve hone/ m5 h  
said t !y des]v$ dea?6 ,is he n "o ( !  

la/ m5 liv+ to talk ab\t a want (       
respectability on ! "p ( any "o8        
,c]ta9ly he is6  ,well1 g5tlem51        
,johnson is aga9 ! ,gov]nor ( ,t5nessee2
 b if he c\ld be mortifi$1 he w\ld h !  
mortification to "k t he is ! ,gov]nor )
 a majority ( ! legal native votes ( !  
,/ate ca/ 9 opposition to him4 ,we all  
committ$ "o capital blund] 9 ! late     
canvass1 & t alone defeat$ ,g5try1 &    
elect$ ,johnson4 ,we copi$ f ! ,book (  
,p>dons a li/ ( ,,=ty-,,sev5 names (    
culprits p>don$ out ( our ,/ate ,prison 
by ,johnson--"s = negro-/eal+1 "s =     
c\nt]feit+1 h\se-break+1 rape1 & o!r    
,democratic measures--m p>dons ?an all 8
 illu/ri\s pr$ecessors ev] grant$4 ,9   
copy+ ?is li/1 we said to ! vot]s ( !   
,/ate t ,johnson _h spok5 8 hone/       
s5tim5ts :5 he said he pref]r$ be+ among
 a clan ( ,murrell m51 to be+ f\nd 9 a  
,"k ,no?+ ,c\ncil2 & 9 ! same brea? we  
assur$ !m t if ,g5try 0 elect$1 he w\ld 
let all su* rascals /ay 9 prison z long 
z ! c\rts ( ! c\ntry decre$ !y %\ld4 ,& 

:ile ?\s&s ( honorable1 high-m9d$ m5    
vot$ = ,johnson1 "u ! la% ( p>ty1 or    
because !y 7 bl9d$ by 8 gl>+ dem]its1 x 
is n to be disguis$ t all ! petit l>c5y 
& ,p5it5ti>y m5 9 ! ,/ate vot$ = him4   
,!re nev] 0 a "t 9 ,t5nessee :5 !re 7 n 
five ?\s& vot]s :o ei!r _h be5 /eal+1 or
 int5d$ to /eal6 ,^! w\ld naturally look
 to :]e !y w\ld f9d a fri5d1 9 ! ev5t ( 
_! be+ ov]tak5 by ju/ice4 ,9 ! p]son (  
,&rew ,johnson1 !y felt assur$ ( a fri5d
 inde$1 because a fri5d 9 ne$4 ,he _h   
publicly told !m t he pref]r$ ! company 
( ,murrell m5 to ! society ( ! mo/      
respectable lawy]s1 doctors1 prea*]s1   
f>m]s1 & me*anics 9 ! ,/ate1 :o met 9   
c]ta9 c\ncils4 ,! fact ( 8 turn+ s _m   
,murrell m5 out ( ! ,/ate ,prison1 & ( 8
 hav+ be5 rais$ up 9 su* society1 left  
no d\bt ( ! s9c]ity ( 8 pr(ession6  ,9  
conclusion1 fell[-citiz5s1 if ,gov4     
,johnson _c lawfully canvass ! ,/ate a  
?ird "t = ! (fice he n[ fills1 ,i hope !
 ,legislature w legalize su* a race by a
 special act1 & ,i propose to be !      

c&idate aga9/ him4 ,i w %[ ! p ( ! ,/ate
 9 8 pres5ce1 f ! same /&1 :o are       
,murrell m51 & :o are n able to look    
hone/ m5 9 ! face6  ,if ,i h said any ?+
 to-night (f5sive to y\r ,gov]nor1 or   
any ( 8 fri5ds or und]/rapp]s 9 ?is     
city1 !y "k :]e to f9d me4 ,:5 ,i am n  
on ! /reets1 ,i c be f\nd at ,no4 #dc1  
on ! l[] floor ( ,sam ,scott's ,city    
,hotel1 opposite ! ladies' p>lor4 ,i    
%all rema9 "h = ! next t5 days only1 &  
:atev] puni%m5t any "o may wi% to       
inflict ^u me1 x mu/ be done 9 t "t4 ,i 
say ?is1 n because ,i seek a difficulty1
 b because ,i don't int5d x %all be said
 t ,i made ?is spee* & took to flight6  
,i ?ank y1 g5tlem51 = ! pati5ce ) :i* y 
h he>d me 9 a matt] p]sonal to myself1 &
 ,i hope y are prep>$ to acquit me ( ly+
 9 ! ,donelson case1 al?\gh ,gov4       
,johnson & ,editor ,ea/man be> te/imony 
aga9/ me4 ,i ?ank y1 & n[ bid y good    
night6         99       99       99     
99       99  ,we beg leave to add1 t 9  
,m>*1 #ahdb1 ,&rew ,johnson laid hold ( 

u 9 a spee* 9 ,bl\ntville1 :5 we 7 9    
,jonesbor\gh1 di/ant tw5ty miles4 ,he   
held up a picture or draw+ ( u1 &       
accompani$ x ) _m abusive rem>ks4 ,9    
turn1 we held him up 9 ! ,:ig ( ! #bi? (
 ! same mon?1 & gave 8 p$igree 9 full1 &
 ) x a repres5tation ( 8 c\s9 ,madison  
,johnson1 "u ! gall[s 9 ,raleigh6  ,!   
fir/ ,monday 9 ,april foll[+1 ,johnson  
spoke 9 ,jonesbor\gh1 & d5i$ mo/        
solemnly t he ev] _h a relative by ! "n 
( ,madison ,johnson--d5i$ t a man ( t "n
 _h ev] be5 hung 9 ,raleigh--& ass]t$ t 
! man hung !re 9 #ahda 0 by ! "n (      
,scott--a nephew1 he said1 ( ,g5]al     
,w9field ,scott6 ,?is bold d5ial1 made 9
 ! pres5ce ( a l>ge & anxi\s cr[d1      
ov]:elm$ u = ! "t be+1 z ,johnson 0     
rais$ 9 ! vic9ity ( ,raleigh1 & _h le>n$
 8 trade !re4 ,he 0 suppos$ to "k1 & = !
 mom5t we 7 br&$ ) falsehood4 ,to aid   
him 9 8 w> ^u u1 ! ,jonesbor\gh ,s5t9el1
 ,johnson's organ1 came out ^u u1 &     
notic$ 8 d5ial ( our *>ge & 8 spee*1 9  
an article ( :i* ! foll[+ is an extract3

       ,br[nl[ said1 "s "t back1 t ,col4
 ,johnson _h a c\s9      hung 9 ,nor?   
,c>ol9a4 ,! ,colonel develop$ ! fact !  
day      he us$ up or sk9n$ ,br[nl[     
alive 9 ,jonesbor\gh1 t      in/ead (   
its be+ 8 c\s91 x 0 ! nephew ( ,g54     
,w9field ,scott1 n[ a quasi ,coon       
c&idate = !      ,presid5cy4 ,br[nl[ is 
s sil5t6  ,aft] ?is1 ! ,s5t9el notic$ u 
aga91 & ?is notice drew out ,,we/on ,r4 
,,gales1 ! !n editor ( ! ,raleigh       
,regi/]1 9 ! foll[+3       ,,editorial  
,,complim5ts4       ,we f9d ! foll[+    
editorial 9 ! ',jonesboro' 7,t5n47      
,s5t9el1' a ,loc(oco pr9t1 9 relation to
 ! editor ( !      ',jonesboro ,:ig3'   
,,br[nl[ made an awkw>d attempt la/ week
 to c>icature a      p]son :o 0 hung "s 
ye>s ago 9 ,nor? ,c>ol9a1 :om he        
t]m$ ! c\s9 ( ,col4 ,,johnson4 ,b x     
turns out to h      be5 ! nephew ( ,g54 
,,w9field ,,scott1 a di/+ui%$ ,coon     
lead]4 ,poor ,,br[nl[6--x ought to be 8 
"t next4 ,wond]      h[ _m h5-roo/s he  
robb$ la/ summ]8       ,we h no?+ to d )

 ^: "t x is to be hung next1      nor ) 
! numb] ( h5-roo/s robb$1 nor by :om    
robb$1      b we w take occasion to     
correct ! ',s5t9el' z to !      p]son   
hung "h '"s ye>s ago4'       ,9 ! spr+ (
 #ahda1 a man nam$ ,,madison ,,johnson 0
 hung 9      ?is place = ! murd] (      
,,h5ry ,,beasley1 b we 7 n      aw>e t  
he 0 any relation ( ,col4 ,,johnson1 if 
x be meant      !reby ,col4 ,r4 ,m4     
,,johnson1 ( ,k5tucky4 ,he 01 h[ev]1    
connect$ ) ,a4 ,,johnson1 ! c&idate =   
,congress 9 !      ,jonesboro' ,di/rict1
 ,,madison & he be+ fir/ c\s9s4       ,!
 la/ man hung 9 ?is place by ! "n (     
,,scott1 0      ,,mason ,,scott1 9      
#ahbj1 & if ! ',s5t9el' means to reflect
      ^u ! ,:ig p>ty by say+ he 0 a     
nephew ( ,g54 ,,w9field      ,,scott1 a 
'di/+ui%$ ,coon lead]1' we are will+ =  
him to      indulge 9 su* mis/atem5ts4  
,,if ,,! ',,s5t9el' ,,_h ,,tak5 ,,!     
,,tr\ble ,,to ,,consult ,,mr4 ,a4       
,,johnson ,,on ,,! ,,subject1 ,,he      
,,w\ld ,,h ,,satisfi$ ,,him ,,( ,,!     

,,facts1 ,,z ,,he ,,0 ,,9 ,,?is ,,city  
,,ab\t ,,! ,,"t ,,madison ,,0           
,,execut$4  ,x w be se51 t :ile ,johnson
 0 utt]+ 8 solemn b false d5ial at      
,jonesbor\gh1 he knew he 0 ly+1 = he 0 9
 ,raleigh ab\t ! "t ,madison 0 execut$6 
,b we told our fri5ds to hold on1 to h  
pati5ce1 & to give u "t1 & we w\ld make 
good our *>ge4 ,accord+ly1 9 ! same     
issue 9 :i* we br\ght out ?is extract f 
! ,raleigh ,regi/]1 we publi%$ ! foll[+ 
lett] f ,gov4 ,,morehead1 9 answ] to "o 
we _h writt5 him3                       
,,raleigh1 #bd? ,april1 #ahdc4          
,,executive ,,(fice4       ,,de>        
,,sir--,i h ! honor to ackn[l$ge !      
receipt ( y\rs      ( ! #ad? in/41      
reque/+ me to in=m y :at 0 !      "n ( !
 man hung 9 ,raleigh 9 ! spr+ ( #ahda4  
,8 "n 0 ,,madison ,,johnson4 ,8 case 0  
tak5 to !      ,supreme ,c\rt1 & y w f9d
 x report$1 ,decemb] ,t]m1      #ahdj1  
vol4 #a/1 page #ced1 ,ir$ell's ,reports4
       ,he 0 hung = ! murd] ( ,h5ry     
,beasley4 ,a /rong ef=t      0 made to  

procure a p>don = him2 b believ+ 8 case 
a      cle> murd]1 ,i refus$ to grant x4
       ,! only man nam$ ,scott t 0 ev]  
convict$ ( murd] at      ?is place1 0   
,mason ,scott1 9 #ahbj4       ,y w f9d 8
 case report$ 9 ! reports ( ! ,supreme  
,c\rt1 ,janu>y ,t]m1 #ahbj1 #a/ ,/>k's  
,reports1 page #bd4       ,i am n aw>e t
 any o!r man nam$ ,scott 0 ev]          
convict$ ( a capital (f5ce 9 ?is c\nty4 
,i h ! honor to be       ,y\r mo/ ob't  
s]v't1       ,j4 ,m4 ,,morehead4        
,rev4 ,w4 ,g4 ,,br[nl[4  ,9 conclusion1 
aft] ?is lett] appe>$1 & ,johnson 0     
elect$1 he s5t an appo9tm5t to ,raleigh1
 = a spee*--att5d$ !re1 & blackgu>d$ &  
vilifi$ ,morehead & ,br[nl[ = two h\rs4 
,he made ! lett] ( ,morehead ! pretext =
 8 abuse1 b ! real cause 0 ! ,gov]nor's 
refusal to p>don 8 c\s94 ,johnson 0 !re 
to procure 8 p>don1 & br\ght e appliance
 to be> )9 8 p[]1 b ! ,nor? ,c>ol9a     
,gov]nor 0 inflexible 9 ! dis*>ge ( 8   
sworn duty6 ,we d n make ! po9t aga9/   
,johnson t he has mean k91 only s f> z x

 may (fset 8 abuse ( o!rs1 = :o ( u are 
)\t mean k9sfolks8 ,b our po9t is1 8    
delib]ate ly+ be=e a ,jonesboro'        
audi5ce6     ,f ! ,knoxville ,:ig (     
,dec4 #a1 #ahee4  ,,gov]nor ,,johnson',s
 ,,?anksgiv+ ,,day4   ,z ! six? ( !     
pres5t mon? has be5 set ap>t by our     
,gov]nor1 to be obs]v$ z a day ( pray] &
 ?anksgiv+ to ,almighty ,god = 8 num]\s 
& unm]it$ m]cies conf]r$ ^u ! p ( our   
,/ate & nation2 & z x is desirable t !  
diff]5t sects %all act 9 conc]t on !    
occasion1 & at lea/ pray ) ! und]/&+1 t 
is to say1 appropriately1 we h be5 at ! 
tr\ble to prep>e a =m ( pray] = !       
occasion4 ,?is we d 9 no irrev]5d _s1 b 
9 all c&or & s9c]ity1 aft] ?is wise3    
,,almighty & ev]la/+ ,god1 9 :om we     
live1 & move1 & h our be+3 we1 ?y ne$y  
creatures1 r5d] !e our humble praises1 =
 ?y pres]vation ( u f ! beg9n+ ( our    
lives to ?is day ( public ?anksgiv+1 &  
especially = hav+ deliv]$ u f all !     
dang]s & afflictions ( ! ye> ab\t to    
close4 ,by ?y k1 mo/ graci\s ,god1 !    

dep?s 7 brok5 up dur+ ! pa/ se$-"t &    
h>ve/1 & ! ra9s desc5d$3 :ile by night !
 cl\ds di/ill$ ! g5tle dew1 fill+ our   
b>ns ) pl5ty3 ?us cr[n+ ! ye> ) ?y      
goodness1 9 ! increase ( ! gr\nd1 & !   
ga!r+ 9 ( ! fruits !re(4 ,& we besee*   
!e1 ,o mo/ m]ciful ,fa!r1 give u a j    
s5se ( ?is great m]cy3 su* z may appe> 9
 our lives1 by an humble1 holy1 & ob$i5t
 walk+ be=e !e all our days6  ,to ?y    
wat*ful provid5ce1 ,o mo/ m]ciful ,god1 
we are indebt$ = all our m]cies1 & n any
 works or m]it ( ours2 = _m ( u ent]$   
into ! scramble to elevate to !         
,executive ,*air ( ! ,/ate ! pres5t     
incumb5t1 ) a p]fect k t he _h abus$ ?y 
,son1 ,,jesus ,,*ri/1 our ,"l1 on !     
floor ( our ,/ate ,s5ate1 z a sw9dl]1   
advocat+ unlawful int]e/3 we knew t he  
_h vot$ 9 ,congress aga9/ (f]+ pray]s to
 !e3 we knew t he _h oppos$ ! temp]ance 
cause1 :i* is ! cause ( ,god & ( all    
mank9d3 we knew t he _h vilifi$ !       
,prote/ant religion1 & sl&]$ !          
,prote/ant cl]gy1 def5d+ & eulogiz+ !   

corruptions ( ! ,roman ,ca?olic ,*ur*1  
?r\gh\t ! l5g? & bread? ( our ,/ate2 yet
 su* 0 ! =ce ( p>ty ties1 ,o mo/ mighty 
,god1 t we w5t into ! support ( our     
,,infidel ,,gov]nor bl9d1 &1 by our zeal
 9 8 behalf1 gave ! lie to our          
pr(essions ( piety1 r5d]$ ourselves     
hateful 9 ! eyes ( all hone/ & consi/5t 
m51 m]it+ a degree ( puni%m5t we h nev] 
receiv$6 ,we d mo/ he>tily rep5t1 ,o    
m]ciful ,god1 = ^! %ameful s9s3 we      
humble ourselves 9 l[e/ dep?s (         
humility1 & ask =giv5ess ( a ,god :om we
 h ju/ly provok$ to ang]1 & ! =giv5ess (
 our insult$ bre?r51 :om we h wick$ly   
blackgu>d$1 to ! great injury ( ! cause 
( ,*ri/6  ,o mo/ m]ciful ,god1 :o art ( 
pur] eyes ?an to behold iniquity1 turn n
 a deaf e> to our supplications on ?is  
day1 because ! day has be5 set ap>t by a
 ,gov]nor :o really does n subscribe to 
! ,*ri/ian religion2 does n att5d ,div9e
 s]vice2 :o swe>s pr(anely2 & has       
insult$ ,heav5 & outrag$ ! feel+s ( all 
pi\s ,*ri/ians1 by tea*+ ! blasphem\s   

s5tim5t t ,*ri/ianity is ( no high] or  
holi] orig9 ?an 8 ,democracy6 ,h m]cy1  
our ,fa!r & ,god1 ^u t portion ( ?is    
congregation :o h endeavor$ to f9d peace
 to _! s\ls by travell+ along ! conv]g+ 
l9es ( a spuri\s ,democracy1 9 se>* ( ! 
foot ( ,jacob's ,ladd]1 & give !m       
rep5tance & bett] m9ds6 ,& d ?\1 ,o ,god
 ( pity1 %[ all su*1 t in/ead ( asc5d+  
to heav5 on an imag9>y ,ladd]1 !y are   
*a9$ fa/ to ! ,locomotive ( ,hell1 ) !  
,devil = _! ,*ief ,eng9e]1 ! ,pope (    
,rome z ,conductor1 & an ungodly        
,gov]nor z ,breakman2 & t1 at m ?an     
railroad spe$1 !y are driv+ on to :]e !y
 are to be et]nally puni%$ by ,him :om  
?\ ha/ appo9t$ ! ,judge ( quick & dead1 
?y ,son ,,jesus ,,*ri/1 our ,"l4 ,am56  
,f ! ,knoxville ,:ig ( ,may #bd1 #ahef4 
,,! ,,=eign ,,_s ,,illu/rat$4   ,!      
foll[+ correspond5ce w expla9 itself1   
:il/ x w s]ve to %[ ! _s :i* gov]ns ?is 
,bogus ,=eign ,ca?olic ,democracy3      
,,ri*mond1 ,april #ba1 #ahef4           
,,rev4 ,,& ,,de> ,,sir3--,x _c be unk9d 

9 me1 ?\gh      p]sonally unkn[n to y1  
to address y on a subject 9 :i*      our
 peace z citiz5s is alike conc]n$4 ,i   
see 9 !      ,f9ca/le ,democrat ( #ah?  
in/4 :at purports to be a review      ( 
an article ( y\rs 9 ! ,knoxville ,:ig ( 
#e? in/41 9      :i* ,i suppose1 f !    
rem>ks conta9$ 9 ! ,democrat1 ,i      h 
be5 v1 v sev]ely h&l$ by y1 = an (f5ce  
,i nev] committ$4 ,y w all[ me to say1  
sir1 t ,i h      no recollection ( ev]  
writ+ or speak+ a disrespectful      ^w 
( y 9 all my life1 b1 on ! contr>y1 h   
frequ5tly spok5 approv+ly ( mu* y h     
writt54 ,su*      be+ ! fact1 y w n be  
surpris$ to le>n h[ deeply ,i           
regret t ! pure/ innoc5ce on my "p has  
fail$ to be a      protection aga9/     
p]sonal abuse4 ,t y h be5 misl$ by      
"s p]son1 is to my m9d v pla91 & if1    
?r\gh !      influ5ce ( ano!r1 y h      
inflict$ a w\nd ^u "o t      nev] h>m$  
y1 nor ev] design$ to h>m y1 is x n     
)9 ! range ( a g5]\s nature--( an hone/ 
man--to      repair ! injury by at once 

giv+ up to ! injur$ p>ty !      "n ( !  
deceiv]1 or publi% him to ! _w z        
au?ority      = ! assault1 & let him    
assume its responsibilities8       ,9 a 
*ange ( circum/ances1 ,i %\ld feel b\nd1
 by ! honor      ( a man1 to d t mu*1 & 
9 my pres5t relation to !      case ,i  
ask no?+ m4 ,x is p]haps due to y to be 
in=m$1 t ,i h n se5 y\r article1 nor d  
,i "k a      ^w x conta9s1 & x is due to
 myself to say t ,i knew      no?+ ( !  
article 9 ! ,democrat assail+ y1 till ,i
      saw x 9 pr9t "s hundr$ ( miles f  
home1 :]e ,i h      n yet arriv$ aft] an
 abs5ce ( ne>ly two mon?s4 ,on !        
subject ( dues1 ,i may add t x is due to
 ! public t      ! "n ( ! deceiv] be    
giv5 !m4 ,i ( c\rse suppose him      to 
be a man ( great p]sonal c\rage1 ready  
to assume all 8      own                
responsibilities4 ,9 conclusion1 p]mit  
me to say1 t any      ef=t on y\r "p to 
aid 9 conceal+ ! h& t uses !      dagg] 
9 ! d>k1 w detract l>gely f ! e/imate ,i
      h plac$ ^u y\r "*1 z a man )\t    

hesitation or      fe>1 :5 ! claims (   
ju/ice are pres5t$4 ,my address is      
,f9ca/le1 ,botet\rt ,co41 ,va41 & ,i am 
v respectfully1       ,s4 ,d4 ,,hopk9s4 
99       99       99       99       99  
,,knoxville1 ,may #ba/1 #ahef4          
,,rev4 ,s4 ,d4 ,,hopk9s3                
,,sir--,?r\gh ! weakness1 mismanagem5t1 
& culpable     remissness ( !           
contemptible ,jesuit n[ at ! head ( !   
,po/ ,(fice ,dep>tm5t1 & 8 num]\s       
lackeys--all ( :om     y su/a9 9 _!     
politics--a lett] writt5 by y "o mon?   
ago 0 receiv$ a few days s9ce1 :ile ,i 0
 abs5t at a ,"k     ,no?+ ,conv5tion1   
aid+ my political bre?r5 9 plac+        
be=e ! p ( ?is ,congressional ,di/rict  
an electoral     c&idate1 to aid 9 !    
great ,*ri/ian & patriotic "w (         
ov]?r[+ ! corrupt1 pr(ligate1           
unpr9cipl$1 ,=eign     ,ca?olic ,bogus  
,democratic p>ty1 ( :i* y are a memb]1  
& 9 ! s]vice ( :i* y are an editor6 ,b  
my delay 9     reply+ to y\r lett] %all 
be aton$ = 9 ! l5g? &     pla9ness ( my 

reply4      ,x is true1 sir1 t ,i       
publi%$ an editorial 9 my pap]1 (     "s
 sev]ity aga9/ y2 b ! article 0 9 reply 
to a     l[1 c[>dly1 & abusive editorial
 aga9/ me 9 !     ,f9ca/le ,democrat1 ( 
:i* y are ! editor4 ,& y w     all[ me  
to say1 sir1 t at ! "t ?is attack 0 made
     ^u me 9 y\r pap]1 ,i nev] _h said a
 ^w ab\t y or     y\r pap] 9 my life1   
ei!r good1 bad1 or indiff]5t2 &     if  
?r\gh ! influ5ce ( ano!r y h inflict$ a 
w\nd     ^u "o t nev] h>m$ y1 is x n )9 
! range ( a     g5]\s nature--( an hone/
 man--to repair ! injury by     tak+    
back ! article1 & apologiz+ ?r\gh ! same
 m$ium     = ! injury8 ,if1 h[ev]1 y    
believe y h n be5     misl$ by "s p]son1
 & h done me no m ?an ju/ice 9     t    
abusive article1 hold on to x4 ,hav+    
made oa? t !     horse is fifte5 feet   
high1 all[ ( no correction6      ,9 all 
frankness1 y mu/ p]mit me to say1 t ,i  
believe y     expect$ to f9d 9 ! (fice  
on y\r return to ,f9ca/le1 a     lett] f
 me dem&+ y\r au?ority = admitt+ into   

y\r     pap] su* an article aga9/ me1   
:o1 z y v well knew1 up     to t h\r _h 
nev] said "o ^w1 publicly or privately1 
aga9/ y or y\r pap]4 ,i ?9k y conclud$  
to take !     />t ( me1 & ?us to =e/all 
me1 by writ+ f     ,ri*mond "s tw5ty-f\r
 h\rs be=e y w\ld arrive at home6       
,9 y\r pap] ( ! #ah? ( ,april1 issu$    
only ?ree days     be=e ?is lett] 0     
writt5 at ,ri*mond1 an editorial ( half 
a column appe>s1 9 :i* y\r pap] /yles me
 a notori\s     blackgu>d--a bully+     
blackgu>d--an unwant$ & ly+     man--:o 
is mean en\gh to lie1 *eat1 or ev5      
/eal--a man     we>+ ! g>b (            
righte\sness to s]ve ! ,devil 92 &     9
 ! same article1 ! case ( a ,loc(oco    
editor1 :o 0     involv$ 9 a %oot+      
scrape on acc\nt ( 8 attack ^u a        
lady1 is actually attribut$ to ,,me6    
,al?\gh y are a ,rev]5d     ,me?odi/    
,prea*]1 & a grave & dignifi$ ,/eam     
,doctor1     conduct+ "o ( ! organs ( ! 
,=eign & ,anti-,am]ican     p>ty 9      
,virg9ia1 y mu/ p>don me = say+1 z ,i n[

 d1     t 9 call+ ^u me = my au?ority = 
:at ,i _h said 9     reply to !         
unmitigat$ abuse ( y\r pap]1 y h prov5  
to my m9d1 t if y d n possess ! cool &  
collect$     impud5ce ( ! ,devil1 y are 
at lea/ possess$ ( !     lion-head$     
impud5ce ( an unpr9cipl$ ,sag ,ni*t     
p>tisan1     hir$ to d ! dirty "w ( an  
equally unpr9cipl$ & dirty              
organization6      ,b x is due to !     
hi/ory ( ?is controv]sy t ,i %\ld       
say1 ?is second attack ^u me sets =? t y
 are f     home1 & t ! ,junior is       
responsible = ! article4     ,?is might 
be cr$it$1 if1 on y\r return home1 y _h 
prote/$ aga9/ su* abuse1 b x seems f y\r
 sil5ce to     h met ) y\r he>t's       
approval1 & gave g5]al     satisfaction1
 at lea/ to y6 ,x is true t y 7         
abs5t at ! "t ( bo? ^! publications1 b x
 does n     foll[1 z a matt] ( c\rse1 t 
y 7 n ! v]itable     au?or1 & t !y did n
 f9d _! way to ! ,democrat     (fice at 
! same "t & 9 ! same way t y\r          
,baltimore     ,correspond5ce got !re4  

,! ,junior1 z he /yles himself1         
claims ! frat]nity2 & 7 x n t he is too 
well kn[n     9 ,f9ca/le = any sane man 
to believe t he wrote !     articles1 he
 might h ! cr$it 7if cr$it !re be atta*$
     to x7 ( s l[1 malici\s1 & ly+      
articles4 ,b he is kn[n     9 ,f9ca/le  
to be a bra9less man1 & to be incapable 
(     writ+ a p>agraph on any subject4  
,he is kn[n to h no use     ( language1 
& to be incapable ( apply+ epi!ts to any
     "o4 ,s t1 if y did n write ^!      
articles1 !y 7     manufactur$ at ,iri% 
,corn]1 9 ,f9ca/le1 y\r ,junior n       
be+ able to d x1 = ! reason t he is     
:olly incapable4     ,my op9ion is1 t ! 
articles 7 manufactur$ by ! ,great      
,mogul ( ! ,anti-,am]ican p>ty 9 y\r    
t[n1 & if he w     only av[ himself !   
au?or1 ,i w make "s disclosures ^u      
him t w make him wi% himself back 9     
,swate ,irel&1     :]e he lives1 &      
moves1 & has 8 be+2 no disclosures      
are necess>y--8 books1 & 8 p]son1 damn  
him to     ev]la/+ infamy4 ,he has !    

fil?ie/-look+ m\?1 & !     mo/ (f5sive  
brea?1 ( any man 9 ! ,valley ( ,virg9ia4
 ,no     man :o kn[s him w meet him     
squ>e on ! pavem5t1 or place     himself
 9 a position1 if x c be avoid$1 ( meet+
 a breeze     f t great res]voir ( all  
na/9ess1 8 m\?6 ,x is     really a wond]
 h[ any human be+ c ,,live1 & emit all !
     "t a /ream ( su* ov]:elm+ &        
un9t]rupt$ ,,/5*6 ,y     mu/ p]mit me to
 *ri/5 ?is man z ! ,b-,cut ( ,orig9al   
,s91 & ! ,upp]-cru/ ( all ,na/9ess6     
,x may n set well ^u y\r /oma*1 t be+ a 
,m9i/] (     ! ,gospel1 & hav+ ! c>e (  
s\ls1 ,i %\ld seem n to     place       
implicit confid5ce 9 y\r d5ial ( any    
p>ticipation 9     ?is unprovok$ w> ^u  
me4 ,i w be c&id ) y1 &     ?\gh x is   
possible = me to be mi/ak5 9 my views1  
/ill1     if ,i am1 ,i am hone/ly       
deceiv$4 ,i h no confid5ce 9 !     moral
 hone/y & ,*ri/ian integrity ( any      
,prote/ant     ,prea*]1 ( any           
d5om9ation1 9 ?is c\ntry1 :o op5ly      
arrays himself aga9/ ! ,am]ican p>ty1 & 

takes ! side (     ! ,ca?olics1         
,=eign]s1 & self-/yl$ ,democrats        
associat$     ) !m4 ,nor w ,i he> "o su*
 prea* or pray1 if ,i "k     him to be  
su*1 & c get out ( 8 he>+4 ,! gr[+      
light & improvem5ts ( ?is age =bid t an 
intellig5t     & pi\s man & m9i/] %\ld  
id5tify himself ) t     p>ty4 ,& ! fi]y 
g5ius1 corrupt+ t5d5cies1 &             
uncompromis+ intol]ance ( t p>ty1 are   
rapidly driv+     good & true m5 out ( !
 p>ty4      ,!re nev] 0 a "t s9ce !     
division ( p>ties 9 ?is     c\ntry1 :5  
,i _h s little confid5ce 9 :at is call$ 
!     ,democratic p>ty z at pres5t2 & z 
at pres5t organiz$ &     con/itut$1 ,i  
believe x to be ! mo/ corrupt           
organization4     ,x is made up ( ! odds
 & ends ( all factions & p>ties     on !
 cont95t1 & is "o ( ! mo/ anomal\s      
comb9ations     ( fanaticism1 idolatry1 
pro/itution1 crime1 & absurdities       
conceivable6 ,! isms compos+ ! p>ty (   
:i* y are a     memb]1 are3             
,abolitionism2 ,free-soilism2           

,agr>ianism2     ,f\ri]itism2 ,mill]ism2
 ,radicalism2 ,woman's ,rightsism2      
,mobism2     ,mormonism2 ,spiritualism2 
,loc(ocoism2 ,high]-,lawism2 ,=eign     
,paup]ism2 ,anti-,am]icanism2 ,roman    
,ca?olicism2 ,deism1 &     mod]n ,sag   
,ni*tism6 ,all ?is tide ( fanaticism &  
error1     orig9at+ ,nor? ( ,mason &    
,dixon's ,l9e1 w5t = ,pi]ce 9     ! la/ 
,presid5tial conte/3 !y are ) t p>ty n[1
     aga9/ ! ,am]ican p>ty2 & x is bad  
company 9 :i* to     f9d a ,prote/ant   
m9i/]6 ,yet1 mis]able ,prote/ants       
hesitate     n to comm5d ^! enemies ( ! 
natural rights ( man1 &     ( ! ,*ri/ian
 religion1 z be+ j z good ,*ri/ians z   
_! neighbors6      ,oh6 judgm5t1 ?\ ha/ 
fl$ to bruti% bea/s2 ,& m5 h     n _!   
reason6      ,b1 ,doctor1 :y 7 y at     
,baltimore8 ,:y1 sir1 dur+ !     pa/    
ye>1 y & o!r consci5ti\s ,me?odi/s took 
x into     y\r heads to arraign a "y man
 :o 0 travell+ y\r     circuit1 ,mr4    
,hall1 &1 = ! ,*ur*'s good1 to h him    
expell$1 ^: great s9 0 t he 0 a         

,"k-,no?+1 or     sympa?iz$ ) ! ,ord]6  
,! au?orities ( ! ,*ur*1 aft]     a     
pati5t he>+ ( ! :ole case1 pro & con1   
acquitt$ !     "y man4 ,y foll[$ him up 
to ! ,annual ,conf]5ce1 z !             
repres5tative ( & attorney = ,sag       
,ni*tism4 ,! ,conf]5ce     acquitt$ ! "y
 prea*] aga91 & s5t him to an           
enlight5$ circuit 9 ,m>yl&4 ,?is s (f5d$
 y1 & y\r     patriotic1 n to say pi\s  
associates1 t1 = ! ,*ur*'s     good1 !y 
resign$ _! /ew>d%ip 9 ! ,*ur*1 & 7     s
 (f5d$ at ! c\rse ( ! ,presid+ ,eld]1   
,rev4 ,m4     ,gohe51 ?an :om !re is n a
 m mode/1 unassum+1     cons]vative     
,*ri/ian g5tleman 9 ! ,valley (         
,virg9ia1     t1 at a rec5t ,qu>t]ly    
,meet+ !re1 !y refus$ to     att5d *ur*1
 or to he> him prea*4 ,?is is j ! _s    
t actuates y\r p>ty1 ev]y:]e4      ,y   
dem& ( me ! "n or names ( su* p]son or  
p]sons z     h giv5 me in=mation 9      
ref]5ce to y4 ,reconsid] ?is     dem&1  
if y please1 & ask y\rself if1 "u all ! 
circum/ances1 x is n a cool piece (     

impud5ce4 ,i h     publi%$ no?+ ab\t y  
^u ! au?ority ( o!rs1 b     ^u my own   
au?ority & responsibility4 ,y suspect "s
 (     y\r neighbors = writ+ to me1 &   
h5ce y make ?is     dem&4 ,x is true1 ,i
 h fri5ds 9 ,f9ca/le1 & "s (     ^!     
write to me1 & :5 ,i publi% any ?+ ab\t 
y1 or     any "o ( y\r associates1 &    
give ^! fri5ds ( m9e z     au?ority1 ,i 
w give y _! names1 if call$ ^u to d s2  
or ,i w assume ! responsibility myself4 
,:at ,i h said 9     reply to ! wick$1  
sl&]\s1 & c[>dly assault ^u me1     9 ! 
dirty pap] controll$ by y1 ,i h said ^u 
my own     responsibilities1 z a man1 & 
z a memb] ( ! same ,*ur*     to :i* y   
belong2 & :e!r my peace z a citiz5 is   
pres]v$ or de/roy$1 ,i am n ! man to be 
intimidat$ or     driv5 f my position4  
,my failure to give y ! names ( any     
citiz5s ( y\r vic9ity1 :o may h writt5  
me private     lett]s1 relat+ to y\r w> 
^u "y ,hall1 ! ,circuit     ,prea*]1 w  
detract l>gely f ! e/imate y h     plac$
 ^u my "*4 ,?is ,i am sorry to he>1 z ,i

 d n     wi% to fall bel[ ! e/imate     
plac$ ^u my "* 9     ! two issues ( y\r 
pap]1 n[ be=e me6 ,?is w\ld be     rea*+
 a l[] deep1 z ! poet classically /yles 
x6      ,n[1 sir1 ,i h a lett] f a t[n 9
 ,virg9ia1 n f>     di/ant f ,f9ca/le1  
writt5 by a g5tleman ( z great          
p]sonal c\rage z y or myself1 :o /ates1 
t a g5tleman     :o 0 pres5t at ! trial 
( ,rev4 ,mr4 ,hall1 he>d y make     !   
ass]tion1 on t occasion1 t y alone 7    
responsible     = all ! editorials t    
appe>$ 9 ! ,democrat1 & t     ! ,junior 
p>tn] 0 n6 ,if y ?9k prop] to make an   
issue ) ?is g5tleman1 y c h 8 "n6       
,i am1 ,dr4 ,hopk9s1 y\r humble s]vant1 
,w4 ,g4 ,,br[nl[1                       
,editor ( ! ,knoxville ,:ig4     ,f !   
,knoxville ,:ig4  ,,to ,,/eph5          
,,tribble4   ,,villa9\s ,,sir3--,lett]s 
f my fri5ds 9 ! ,we/ in=m me t y are    
mak+ a full team 9 ! s]vice ( ! ,devil1 
,loc(ocoism1 & crime1 9 portions (      
,miss\ri & ,k5tucky6 ,y h rec5tly held  
=? 9 ,*>le/on1 a pleasant po/-village1 !

 capital ( ,mississippi c\nty1 ,miss\ri1
 ab\t six miles s\?-we/ ( ! ,fa!r (     
,wat]s6 ,9 t t[n y und]took to in=m !   
good p1 ! ,circuit ,judge be+ pres5t1 :o
 ,i am1 & to demon/rate t ,i am n       
entitl$ to cr$it 9 any ?+ ,i say6 ,y    
claim$ to h once liv$ 9 ,ea/            
,t5nessee--to "k ! p & ! c\ntry--& to h 
kn[n ,william ,t4 ,s5t] & ,james ,y4    
,craw=d1 two o!r ,me?odi/ prea*]s1 ^:   
p$igrees y pret5d to give6  ,mr4 ,s5t] 0
 an able man--a moral & upright man--& a
 ,:ig ,repres5tative 9 ,congress1 f !   
,di/rict y repres5t$ 9 ! jail (         
,sullivan c\nty1 = a long "t previ\s to 
y\r be+ br&$ 9 ! h& & on ! *eeks1 =     
,,manslaught]1 ! p>ticul>s ( :i* ,i w   
rem9d y ( be=e ,i close ?is famili>     
lett]6 ,mr4 ,s5t] c\ld h gone to        
,congress long]1 b volunt>ily retir$4   
,mr4 ,craw=d 0 a bro!r-9-law to ,mr4    
,s5t]1 & 0 a prea*] ( respectable       
tal5ts1 & 9 good /&+ 9 8 ,*ur*4 ,!y are 
bo? 9 _! graves1 beyond ! rea* ( y\r    
malice1 :]e ! s\nd ( y\r infam\s voice1 

& ! words ( y\r ly+ tongue1 c nev]      
p5etrate _! e>s6 ,b ,i am /ill above    
gr\nd1 daily kick+1 & mak+ w> ^u !      
,loc(oco ,paup]s & ,=eign ,ca?olics1 z  
well z ,native ,traitors1 ) :om y are   
associat$1 & ) :om y act 9 politics4 ,i 
ackn[l$ge myself to be game = y to hunt 
d[n6  ,y are n[ a ,campbellite prea*] z 
well z a ,sag ,ni*t ,mission>y2 & ! g>b 
( religion y we>1 gives a degree (      
weight to y\r falsehoods & sl&]s1 among 
/rang]s1 t !y o!rwise w\ld n h4 ,! idea 
( ,/ev ,tribble1 :o +lori\sly fl$ f ?is 
c\ntry = crimes he c\ld n meet 9 op5    
c\rt1 be+ a prea*]1 & it9]at+ ?r\gh !   
,we/1 9 se>* ( ! lo/ %eep ( ! h\se (    
,israel1 is s ridicul\s1 z sc>cely to be
 believ$ at all1 al?\gh !re is no d\bt b
 :at he has be5 regul>ly in/all$ 9      
,k5tucky1 & n[ has ! c>e ( s\ls4  ,:y1 y
 unmitigat$ old villa91 y\r :ole c>e]1 f
 y\r y\? up1 has be5 "o ( crime &       
revolt+ blackgu>dism4 ,:ile a boy & a "y
 man1 :]e ,hoss's s*ool 0 taught 9      
,wa%+ton c\nty1 y\r vulg> conv]sation1  

immoral practices1 indec5t habits1 &    
blackgu>dism1 disgu/$ ! entire          
neighborhood1 & r5d]$ y s odi\s t no    
dec5t family w\ld bo>d y6 ,all ! wat]s (
 ! f>-fam$ ,jordan1 9 ! palmie/ days ( t
 bold /ream1 7 n suffici5t to wa% y\r   
s9s away6 ,if ! ,"l ,bi%op ( ,london 7  
to imm]se y z (t5 z sev5ty times sev51 9
 ! wat]s ( bold ,jordan1 & 9 ! "n ( !   
holy ,tr9ity1 y w\ld /ill rema9 :at y 7 
:5 y fl$ f ?is c\ntry to avoid ! extreme
 p5alty ( ! law--"o ( ! greate/         
sc\ndrels = :om ,*ri/ di$6  ,y\rself &  
half-bro!r ,havron 7 conf9$ 9           
,bl\ntville ,jail1 = ! murd] ( ,william 
,humphreys1 a promis+ "y man1 :om y     
brutally assault$ & murd]$ 9 op5        
daylight 9 ! /reets ( ,k+sport1 9       
,sullivan c\nty1 & )\t provocation6 ,y 7
 tri$ & convict$ ( manslaught]1 & br&$ 9
 ! h& & on ! *eek4 ,aft] be+ br&$1 y bit
 ! lett]s out ( y\r h&1 & claw$ !m out (
 y\r face1 b ! sc>s are to be se5 9 bo?4
 ,inde$1 ,i h be5 writt5 to1 to "k :y ^!
 sc>s are on y\r face6 ,i take ?is me?od

 ( answ]+ ^? inquiries2 & publi%+ !m 9  
my ,:ig1 :i* has a circulation ( #e1jjj1
 & our ,campaign]1 :i* circulates #g1jjj
 copies1 ,i %all be able to introduce y 
to z _m p]sons z may h he>d y prea* my  
fun]al4  ,:ile 9 ! ,bl\ntville ,jail1 ) 
y\r half-bro!r1 ,havron1 ^: bl[ kill$   
,humphreys1 aft] y _h weak5$ him1 y     
caught hold ( ! jailor1 ,montgom]y      
,irv91 & held him 9 a scuffle1 :5 he    
ent]$ ! room ) y\r d9n]1 until ,havron  
made 8 escape4 ,havron w\ld h pull$     
hemp1 _h he n escap$2 & _h our p5it5ti>y
 sy/em exi/$ at t "t1 y w\ld h be5      
s5t5c$ = life6 ,b y w\ld n h rema9$ !re 
long] ?an ! pa/ summ]1 z we h a ,gov]nor
 :o p>dons out all su* m51 & has m      
sympa?ies = !m ?an any o!r ,executive   
,(fic] 9 ! nation4 ,y h a half-bro!r :o 
is a ,sag ,ni*t memb] ( our             
,legislature1 & a great fri5d & support]
 ( our ,gov]nor & 8 =eign associates1 & 
he c\ld h turn$ y out & procur$ = y an  
(fice if y _h rema9$4 ,b !n y foll[$ !  
tea*+s ( ! _s ( ,sag ,ni*tism1 9 leav+  

betwe5 two days1 & emigrat+ to ,k5tucky1
 z _m preci\s s\ls w\ld nev] h he>d !   
^w1 or _h _! s9 wa%$ away1 b = y6  ,9 an
 unm5tionable & disgraceful ent]prise1 y
 became possess$ ( a brok5 leg1 & 7 mean
 en\gh to abscond )\t pay+ ! bill ( y\r 
physician1 ,dr4 ,patton1 ^: unremitt+   
att5tion sav$ y f y\r grave1 & f !      
clut*es ( ! ,devil1 soon] ?an ! old     
fell[ 0 prep>$ = y\r reception6 ,if y _h
 ! honor ( a fir/ class ?ief1 y w\ld pay
 ?is m$ical bill out ( ! proce$s ( !    
fir/ public collection y take up1 ei!r 9
 ,miss\ri or ,k5tucky4 ,& if y suff] x  
to g unpaid until y\r inf9itely inf]nal 
c>e] is w\nd up1 ! ,day ( ,judgm5t w    
disclose ! mann] ( y\r break+ y\r leg6  
,if ,i 7 y1 ,i w\ld soon] pay ?is bill  
n[1 ?an to be ask$ 9 ! great day h[ my  
leg 0 brok56  ,disgrac$ z y are1        
unpr9cipl$ & villa9\s1 y h gone into    
,k5tucky1 tak5 ^u y\rself holy ord]s1 & 
m>ri$ a wife1 impos+ mo/ %amefully ^u ! 
family into :i* y m>ri$4 ,! woman y h   
?us impos$ ^u1 w\ld be ju/ifiable n[1 9 

! eyes ( bo? ,god & man1 9 =sak+ y &    
apply+ = a divorce4 ,& no c\rt or jury  
w\ld refuse h] application1 :5 made     
acqua9t$ ) y\r "*4  ,x is a rem>kable   
fact--"o t ,i desire to call1 n s mu* to
 y\r notice1 z to ! notice ( ! public   
g5]ally--t :ile all ! memb]s ( ?is      
,=eign ,democratic p>ty are by no means 
villa9s1 de/itute ( pr9ciple2 yet1 all !
 assass9s1 cut-?roats1 ?ieves1 &        
hypocrites 9 ! c\ntry h cr[d$ into !    
ranks ( t p>ty6 ,fawn$ ^u1 fo/]$ &      
pamp]$ by ! villa9\s lead]s1 demagogues1
 & trick/]s ( ! p>ty1 :o ne$ ! s]vices (
 all su* scav5g]s1 y are enc\rag$ to act
 ) !m4 ,^! lead]s1 :o are really no     
bett] ?an y are1 g5]\sly admit y to a   
fell[%ip1 & c\rte\sly ackn[l$ge all su* 
ab&on$ rascals to be _! equals6 ,su* m51
 to a great ext5t1 n[ con/itute !       
free-democracy ( ! c\ntry--!y desecrate 
! ballot-box--disgu/ dec5t m5 :]ev] !y  
come 9 contact ) !m--blaspheme ! "n (   
,god--& swe> t !y w ei!r rule or ru9 !  
c\ntry6  ,b1 ,sir1 x 0 said ( a c]ta9   

man 9 ! ,scriptures1 t he 0 a s9n] above
 all ! s9n]s t dwell 9 ,j]usalem4 ,s x  
may 9 p]fect tru? be said ( y1 t y are a
 sc\ndrel above all ! sc\ndrels 9 !     
hateful ranks ( ,sag ,ni*tism4 ,y       
des]ve1 = y\r deprav$ c\rse ( life1 a   
great] puni%m5t ?an y h receiv$ or are  
likely to receive 9 ?is life4 ,! guilt (
 f\l calumny1 ( ! mo/ black & odi\s k9d1
 atta*es to e s5t5ce utt]$ by y\r ly+   
tongue4 ,guilt1 ! (fspr+ ( fi5d-l       
malice1 %amefully false1 deeply corrupt1
 & badly matur$3 p]fidy1 di%one/y1 &    
rank poison--hot inc5se ( murd]1 !ft1   
inhuman spoliation1 & deep1 d>k =ebod+s 
( damnation h be5 root$ & gr\nd$ 9 y\r  
he>t1 = lo6 ^! _m ye>s6 ,d>k despair1   
endless dea?1 inexpressible mis]y1      
manifold1 & worse ?an dea?1 foll[ 9 !   
gha/ly tra9 ( y\r crimes1 & riot 9 y\r  
corrupt bosom1 z ) inf]nal drunk5ness ( 
delight6 ,! record ( y\r deep depravity1
 ( y\r utt] want ( pr9ciple1 & ( y\r t5 
?\s& villa9\s exploits1 is /]eotyp$ ^u !
 burn+ s&s ( et]nity1 & /amp$ on !      

imp]i%able walls ( ! rotunda ( !        
,devil's ,hell1 to :i* y are driv+ at   
railroad spe$6 ,9 upp] ,ea/ ,t5nessee1  
:]e y are kn[n1 x w\ld disgrace an      
,alg]9e ,b&it to sit & he> y pret5d to  
prea*6 ,y pret5d to prea* ,*ri/ & him   
crucifi$1 & imm]se p]sons 9 ! "n ( !    
,tr9ity6 ,%r\d$ 9 ! sackclo? & a%es (   
disgrace1 enclos$ 9 a vault fill$ to !  
brim ) buri$ & putrefi$ v5ality1 & /eep$
 to ! v nose & *9 9 crime1 h[ d>e y     
attempt to prea*6  ,i repeat1 y vile    
sl&]] ( ! liv+ & ! dead1 t1 9 ju/ice to 
! cause ( ,god & ( civilization1 ,i w   
keep spread ! unfurl$ bann] ( y\r infamy
 on e breeze1 & cause x to float 9 !    
atmosph]e ( e ,/ate 9 ?is ,union1 until 
y\r v "n becomes a mock]y & a by-^w6 ,& 
,i call ^u ! p ( ,k5tucky & ,miss\ri to 
r+ ! l\d knell ( y\r infamy1 f /eep to  
/eep1 & f valley to valley1 until _!    
swell+ s\nds are he>d 9 />tl+ e*oes1    
m+l+ ) ! ru% ( ! crim9al's torr5t1 & !  
mighty cat>act's e>?quake-voice6        
,w4 ,g4 ,,br[nl[1                       

,editor ( ! ,knoxville ,:ig4       ,june
 #g?1 #ahef4     ,,an ,,expose ,,(      
,,roman ,,ca?olicism4   ,! foll[+       
articles1 sett+ =? ! ,,designs &        
,,t5d5cy ( ,romanism 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 
appe>$ 9 ! ,,knoxville ,,:ig ( ,may &   
,june1 #ahef1 & w speak = !mselves4 ,!  
writ] has oppos$ ! ,papal ,hi]>*y =     
tw5ty ye>s2 & 9 a s]ies ( articles1 n[  
fil$ 9 a numb] ( ! ,,jonesbor\gh ,,:ig1 
publi%$ sixte5 ye>s ago1 he pr$ict$ t ! 
v /ate ( ?+s we are n[ realiz+ w\ld come
 ^u u z soon z ! ye> #ahfj1 & t ! p>ty  
call+ itself by ! rev]$ "n ( ,democrat1 
w\ld id5tify itself ) political         
,romanism6   ,,! ,,ca?olic ,,"q4--,,no4 
,i4       ,! ,am]ican ,p>ty & !         
,religi\s ,te/--,! ,l\isiana            
,delegation & ! ,gallican ,ca?olics--,! 
vote ( !      ,philadelphia ,conv5tion  
to admit ! ,l\isiana ,delegates--,!     
,am]ican ,c\ncils 9 ,l\isiana--,ca?olics
 prop] _c be true      citiz5s ( a      
,republic4  ,x is sometimes said by !   
,anties1 t ! ,am]ican p>ty1 at _! late  

,philadelphia ,conv5tion1 dismiss$ !    
,ca?olic ,"q f _! plat=m1 & t !y admitt$
 into _! ,c\ncil a ,ca?olic ,delegation 
f ,l\isiana4 ,we 7 9 t ,conv5tion1 f !  
h\r ( its op5+ until its f9al close1 &  
we d5y bo? /atem5ts4 ,! fif? & t5?      
sections ( ! plat=m adopt$ at           
,philadelphia1 & = :i* we vot$1 are 9 ! 
foll[+ words1 & !y express all our      
plat=m says ^u t subject3       #e?4 ,no
 p]son %\ld be select$ = political      
/ation1      7:e!r ( native or =eign    
bir?17 :o recognizes any      allegiance
 or obligation ( any description to any 
=eign      pr9ce1 pot5tate1 or p[]1 or  
:o refuses to recognize !      ,f$]al & 
,/ate ,con/itutions 7ea* )9 its sph]e7 z
      p>am\nt to all o!r laws1 z rules (
 political action4       #aj?4          
,opposition to any union betwe5 ,*ur* & 
,/ate2 no      int]f]5ce ) religi\s fai?
 or wor%ip1 & no te/s      oa?s = (fice4
  ,! ,am]ican p>ty 0 aga9/ political    
,romanism--aga9/ all :o ackn[l$ge any   
allegiance to a =eign ,pr9ce1 ,pot5tate1

 or ,p[]2 or :o ackn[l$ge any au?ority  
on e>?1 high] & m b9d+ ?an !            
,con/itutions ( our ,/ates1 & ,g5]al    
,gov]nm5t4 ,& ^? :o are famili> ) !     
temporal assumptions ( ,pop]y1 & !      
political intrigues ( ! ,ord] (         
,jesuits1 c h no o!r feel+s ?an ^? (    
disgu/1 ^u he>+ ! ,loc(oco demagogues ( 
! c\ntry cry out aga9/ ! ,am]ican p>ty =
 _! opposition to ! poor ,ca?olics6     
,aga9/ ,popes conf9$ to ,rome1 we make  
no w>2 b aga9/ ,popes usurp+ civil &    
spiritual au?ority1 9 ,am]ica1 we prote/
 mo/ solemnly1 & int5d to make w>1      
unrel5t+ & unceas+ w>6  ,! ,l\isiana    
,delegation1 five 9 numb]1 7 two        
,me?odi/--"o ,old ,s*ool                
,presbyt]ian--"o ,episcopalian--& ! o!r1
 ,mr4 ,eu/es1 a memb] ( ,congress1 n a  
memb] ( any ,*ur*4 ,^? g5tlem5 pres5t$  
_! cr$5tials = admission1 & !y 7 object$
 to1 because ,roman ,ca?olics 7 admitt$ 
into ! ,ord] by ! ,l\isiana ,/ate       
,c\ncil4 ,a w>m debate ensu$1 on a      
motion to admit ! ,delegation1 on _!    

cr$5tials1 :i* f9ally prevail$1 by yeas 
#fg1 nays #ej1 _m ( ! memb]s hav+ left =
 _! lodg+s1 because ( ! lat5ess ( ! h\r1
 & ( _! fatigue4 ,we 7 9 favor ( _!     
admission1 & s 0 ,mr4 ,nelson1 ( ,ea/   
,t5nessee1 & we bo? claim to be ultra   
,prote/ant1 if ! read] please4  ,!      
,ca?olicism ( ,l\isiana1 we wi% x borne 
9 m9d--t is ! ,gallican w+ ( ! ,*ur*--is
 a v diff]5t species ( ,ca?olicism f t (
 our ,iri% & ,g]man ,hi]>*y taught 9 ?is
 c\ntry1 "u ! tra9+ ( ,ar*bi%op ,hughes 
& ,monseigneur ,b$9i1 ! ,pope's villa9\s
 ,nuncio4 ,! ,fr5* ,gallican ,*ur* has s
 little respect = ! ,pope ( ,rome1 t :5 
! ,k+ ( ,s>d9ia 0 9 ,p>is1 less ?an     
twelve mon?s ago1 ?\gh he 0 "u !        
int]dict ( a ,papal ,bull (             
excommunication f ,pius ,,ix41 !        
,gallican ,ar*bi%ops ( ,pius1 & o!r     
,prie/s associat$ ) !m1 visit$ him      
regul>ly1 & t5d]$ him unb\nd$ c\rtesies 
& honors4 ,! ,gallican w+ ( ! ,ca?olic  
,*ur* ( ,france is lib]al1 z well z     
ho/ile to ! insult+ claims & pret5sions 

( ! ,pope4 ,b x is dilut$ /ill m )      
lib]ality1 & ) opposition to ^! claims (
 ! ,pope1 among ! ,fr5* ,creoles (      
,l\isiana4 ,mo/ ( !m1 ?\gh ,roman       
,ca?olics by "n1 f be+ educat$ 9 ! =ms (
 ! ,roman ,*ur*1 h j ab\t z mu* respect 
= ,rome1 & confid5ce 9 ! ,pope1 z we h1 
& ,god kn[s t is v little4 ,!y d5\nce   
,papal ,bulls1 int]dicts1 & ,nuncios4   
,!y ?r[ (f all temporal & spiritual     
allegiance to ! ,pope--! civil          
au?orities ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates ) !m are   
supreme--!y are ,am]ican born--& h5ce1  
our plat=m does n exclude !m1 &         
consequ5tly !y 7 admitt$ at             
,philadelphia1 or1 :i* is ! same1 _!    
repres5tatives4  ,9 #afeb1 "u ,l\is     
,,xiv41 ! ,gallican cl]gy met 9 ,p>is1 &
 adopt$ ! foll[+ po9t3 ,t ! ,pope has no
 p[]1 ( ,div9e "r1 to int]f]e ) !       
temporal affairs ( indep5d5t ,/ates4    
,?us1 ! ,ca?olics ( ,l\isiana reject+ ! 
doctr9e ( ! temporal p[] ( ! ,pope1 are 
n proscrib$ by ! ,am]ican p>ty4 ,!y     
con/itute a s\nd portion ( ! ,am]ican   

p>ty4  ,mr4 ,la?rop1 a ,presbyt]ian     
,eld]1 & a ,delegate f ,l\isiana1 read  
to ! ,conv5tion f ! ritual ( !          
subord9ate organizations ( ! ,am]ican   
p>ty ( ,l\isiana1 & %[$ t1 :ile x       
admitt$ ^? to memb]%ip :o pr(ess$ !     
,roman ,ca?olic religion1 ,,x ,,requir$ 
,,( ,,!m ,,! ,,d5ial ,,( ,,allegiance   
,,to ,,any ,,temporal ,,au?ority ,,n    
,,cognizable ,,9 ,,! ,,/ate ,,& ,,unit$ 
,,/ates ,,con/itutions2 & f ea* secur$ a
 pl$ge1 ,,^u ,,oa?1 t !y w\ld n divulge 
! secrets ( ! ,ord]6 ,he def5d$ !       
,l\isiana ,ca?olics1 z be+ true         
,am]icans1 recogniz+ no civil or        
spiritual p[] 9 _! ,prie/s1 & resi/+ e  
attempt1 :e!r by a ,bi%op or ,prie/1 to 
int]f]e ) ! in/itutions ( our c\ntry4   
,he cit$ cases :i* _h occurr$ 9         
,l\isiana1 ( controv]sies betwe5 !      
,cl]gy & ,laity1 = ! control ( ,*ur*    
prop]ty1 & ! decisions ( c\rts ov] :i*  
,gallican ,ca?olic ,judges presid$1 9   
favor ( titles & control ve/+ 9         
,tru/ees1 ! ,laity4 ,he %[$ t ! native  

,ca?olics ( ,l\isiana 7 ! fri5ds (      
common s*ools1 & ! advocates ( popul>   
education4 ,he proclaim$ al\d t ! native
 ,ca?olics ( 8 ,/ate recogniz$ no p]sons
 z prop] deposit>ies ( (fice1 :o        
ackn[l$g$ an allegiance to any p]son1   
civil or ecclesia/ical1 sup]ior to t ( !
 laws & ,con/itution ( our c\ntry4 ,he  
proclaim$ t ! ,nuncios ( ! ,pope ( ,rome
 hat$ ^! ,l\isiana ,ca?olics1 ) a m     
p]fect hatr$ ?an !y did ! apo/le h]etics
 call$ ,prote/ants6 ,?is spee* 0 receiv$
 ) unb\nd$ applause1 ! "q 0 call$1 &1 z 
we h be=e /at$1 x 0 sanction$1 v prop]ly
 too1 by a vote ( #fg to #ej6  ,!       
,am]ican p>ty n only advocate religi\s  
tol]ation1 b religi\s lib]ty1 :i* is a v
 diff]5t ?+4 ,tol]ation is n ! ^w 9 our 
vocabul>y--x does n express en\gh1      
because x implies ! "r to p]mit or      
prohibit4 ,we cont5d = ,,lib]ty1 ! mean+
 ( :i* is1 t m5 are n responsible to ea*
 o!r1 to ,popes1 ,bi%ops1 or ,prie/s1 = 
_! religi\s op9ions or practices1 & t   
consequ5tly religion is n a subject (   

tol]ation4  ,! ,ca?olics1 prop]1 h tak5 
an oa? ( allegiance to ! ,pope ( ,rome1 
a =eign pr9ce1 pot5tate1 & p[]1 & _!    
obligations to him are high]1 m sacr$1 &
 m b9d+1 ?an any obligations !y c take  
^u !m to support ! laws & ,con/itution (
 ?is c\ntry4 ,^! are ! m5 t we refuse to
 vote =1 or put 9 (fice4 ,!y are n & _c 
be true ,am]icans4 ,! oa?s ( ! prie/s   
b9d !m to w> ^u all ,prote/ant sects1 & 
^u all ,republican p[]s ( ,gov]nm5t4 ,^!
 oa?s b9d !m to ! foot ( ! ,papal       
,?rone2 & ) ^! oa?s ^u _! s\ls1 !y _c be
 true citiz5s ( ?is ,republic )\t       
p]jury4 ,& if guilty ( p]jury1 ! ,/ate  
prison %\ld be _! resid5ce4  ,9 our     
next1 we %all consid] ?is subject m at  
l5g?1 9 connection ) ! oa? ( allegiance 
to our c\ntry1 & ! ,ca?olic evasion ( t 
oa?4     ,,! ,,ca?olic ,,"q--,no4 #b4   
,ambigu\s t]ms 9 swe>+--,! case ( ,judge
 ,ga/on--,temporal      p[] ( !         
,pope--,ca?olic au?orities 9 ,europe--,!
 _s      ( ! ,ca?olic press 9 ,am]ica6  
,we are told by ! ,democratic sympa?iz]s

 ) ! ,ca?olics1 t all ,ca?olic emigrants
 to ?is c\ntry take an oa? ( allegiance 
to ! ,unit$ ,/ates ^u becom+ naturaliz$4
 ,yes1 !y d1 & ! oa? aft] x is tak51 has
 no m weight ) !m1 ?an has a            
regul>-built ,"k ,no?+ spee*4  ,"h is a 
p>agraph f ,,san*ez1 ! highe/ au?ority 9
 ! ,ca?olic ,*ur*1 ,pope ,pius only     
except$4 ,?is writ]1 by au?ority1 %[s h[
 ?is oa? ( allegiance is evad$ by a     
m5tal res]vation3       ,x is lawful to 
use ambigu\s t]ms to give ! impression a
      diff]5t s5se f t :i* y und]/&     
y\rself4 ,a      p]son may take an oa? t
 he has n done su* a ?+1      ?\gh 9    
fact he has1 by say+ to himself x 0 n   
done on      a c]ta9 day1 or be=e he 0  
born1 or by any o!r simil>              
circum/ances1 :i* gives ano!r mean+ to  
x4 ,?is is      extremely conv5i5t1 &   
always v j1 :5 necess>y to      y\r     
heal?1 honor or prosp]ity4  ,"h1 !n1 we 
h x f ! highe/ ,ca?olic au?ority1 t     
,ca?olics are absolv$ f all allegiance  
to ?is gov]nm5t1 because !y take ! oa? (

 allegiance )\t committ+ p]jury1 by !   
holy process ( a m5tal res]vation--! use
 ( ambigu\s t]ms1 sett+ =? "o ?+ :ile !y
 swe> ano!r6 ,we h no d\bt t ,*ief      
,ju/ice ,,taney1 a devot$ ,ca?olic (    
,baltimore1 & n[ at ! head ( ! ,supreme 
,c\rt ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 took 8 oa? (   
(fice requir+ him to support !          
,con/itution1 ) ?is same m5tal          
res]vation4 ,we h no d\bt t ^? ,ca?olic 
,judges ^u ! ,f$]al ,b5* 9 sev]al ,/ates
 9 ! ,union1 & ^? ,ca?olic ,attorney    
,g5]als1 appo9t$ to (fice by ,mr4       
,pi]ce1 s und]/ood _! oa?s ( (fice1 & ( 
allegiance6 ,& ! practice ( ,po/-,ma/]  
,g5]al ,campbell1 a bigot$ ,ca?olic1 & a
 memb] ( ! ord] ( ,jesuits1 proves t he 
s und]/ood 8 oa? to support !           
,con/itution4 ,z true ,ca?olics1 !y are 
b\nd to swe> ) ?is m5tal res]vation1    
because !y c\ld n owe allegiance to a   
gov]nm5t ( h]etics1 su* z !y believe    
ours to be4 ,z ,ca?olics1 !y are b\nd to
 ov]?r[ our ,con/itution1 & aid 9 !     
de/ruction ( our gov]nm5t4  ,x is a     

matt] ( hi/ory t :5 ! ,legislature (    
,nor? ,c>ol9a elect$ ,judge ,,ga/on to !
 ,supreme ,b5* 9 t ,/ate1 he hesitat$ z 
to :e!r he w\ld take ! oa? or n4 ,& :y8 
,he 01 al?\gh an able man1 & 9 all !    
private relations ( life a mo/ excell5t 
man1 a decid$ & devot$ ,roman ,ca?olic4 
,?is is n all4 ,! oa? ( a ,judge 9 t    
,/ate1 :i* is n common 9 o!r ,/ates1    
requires ! man tak+ x to av[ 8 belief 9 
! ,prote/ant religion4 ,judge ,ga/on    
ask$ = a few days to consid]--he w5t    
in/antly to ,baltimore1 z 0 believ$1 to 
consult ! ,ca?olic ,bi%op1 :o !n resid$ 
!re--obta9$ a disp5sation1 z 0          
suppos$--wrote back t he w\ld accept !  
(fice--return$1 0 qualifi$1 & to ! day (
 8 dea? 0 on ! ,b5*6 ,?is affair        
illu/rates ,romanism4 ,& :at ,rome 01 %e
 is1 & always w be4 ,c ,rome *ange8 ,c !
 ,e?iopian *ange 8 sk91 or ! leop>d 8   
spots8  ,"h is :at ,philopat]1 an       
approv$ ,ca?olic au?ority ( ! fir/      
grade1 says1 t\*+ ! pr9ciple 9          
controv]sy3       ,all !ologians &      

ecclesia/ical lawy]s affirm t e         
,*ri/ian gov]nm5t1 z soon z x op5ly     
ab&ons ! ,romi%      fai?1 is in/antly  
degrad$ f all p[] & dignity3 all      ! 
subjects are absolv$ f ! oa? ( fidelity 
&      ob$i5ce :i* !y h tak51 & !y may &
 ought1 if      !y h ! p[]1 to drive su*
 gov]nm5t f e      ,*ri/ian ,/ate1 z an 
apo/ate1 h]etic1 & des]t] f      ,jesus 
,*ri/4 ,?is c]ta9 & indubitable decision
 ( all !      mo/ le>n$ m5 is p]fectly  
con=m$ to ! mo/ apo/olic      doctr9es4 
,our ,loc(oco advocates ( ,romanism d5y 
t ! ,pope lays claim to ! supremacy *>g$
 by ! ,am]ican p>ty4 ,on ?is po9t1 we   
desire t ! ,ca?olics may speak =        
!mselves4 ,"o ( _! /&>d writ]s1         
,,f>r>is1 9 8 ,ecclesia/ical ,diction>y1
 a "w endors$ by _! ,c\ncil ( ,bi%ops & 
,c>d9als1 "u ! article head$ ,pope1 uses
 ?is emphatic & expressive language3    
,! ,pope is ( su* dignity & highness1 t 
he is n      simply man1 b1 z x 71 ,god1
 & ! vic> ( ,god4 ,h5ce      ! ,pope is 
su* supreme & sov]eign dignity1 t1      

prop]ly      speak+1 he is n m]ely      
con/itut$ 9 dignity1 b is      r plac$  
on ! v summit ( dignities4 ,h5ce1 also1 
!      ,pope is r fa!r ( fa!rs1 & he    
alone c use ?is      "n1 because he only
 c be call$ fa!r ( fa!rs3 s9ce he       
possesses ! primacy ov] all1 is truly   
great] ?an all1 &      ! greate/ ( all4 
,he is call$ mo/ holy1 because he is    
presum$ to be su*4 ,on acc\nt ( !       
excell5cy ( 8      supreme dignity1 he  
is call$ bi%op ( bi%ops1 ord9>y (       
ord9>ies1 univ]sal bi%op ( ! ,*ur*1     
bi%op ( diocesan1      ( ! :ole _w1     
div9e mon>*1 supreme emp]or1 & k+      (
 k+s4  ,,pet] ,,d5s1 ( ,maynoo? ,college
 notoriety1 ^: ,!ology is ! highe/      
,ca?olic au?ority kn[n ?is side ( !     
,vatican at ,rome1 gives entire ! ,bull 
( ,pope ,sixtus ,v4 aga9/ ! ,k+ (       
,nav>re & ! ,pr9ce ( ,conde1 :om he     
/yles ! sons ( wra?4 ,9 ?is ,bull1 issu$
 9 ! ye> #aehe1 he says3       ,!       
au?ority giv5 to ,sa9t ,pet] & 8        
successors1 by !      imm5se p[] ( !    

et]nal ,k+1 excels all ! p[] (          
e>?ly k+s & pr9ces4 ,x passe?           
uncontrollable s5t5ce      ^u !m all4 ,&
 if x f9d any ( !m resi/+ ,god's        
ob$i5ce1 x takes m sev]e v5geance on !m1
 ca/+ !m      d[n f _! ?rones1 h[ev]    
p[]ful !y may be1 &      tumbl+ !m d[n  
to ! l[e/ p>ts ( ! e>?1 z !      m9i/]s 
( aspir+ ,lucif]4  ,"h is :at ,daniel   
,o',connell said s late z #ahdc1 & he 0 
a true ,ca?olic & a true expon5t ( ?is  
fai?3       ,y %\ld d all 9 y\r p[] to  
c>ry out ! int5tions (      ,8 ,hol9ess 
! ,pope4 ,:]e y h ! electoral fran*ise1 
give y\r votes to none b ^? :o w assi/ y
 9 s      holy a /ruggle4       ,i      
decl>e my mo/ unequivocal submission to 
! ,head ( !      ,*ur*1 & to ! hi]>*y 9 
its diff]5t ord]s4 ,if !      ,bi%op    
makes a decl>ation on ?is bill1 ,i nev] 
w\ld be he>d      speak+ aga9/ x1 b w\ld
 submit at once unequivocally to      t 
decision4 ,!y h only to decide1 & ,i    
close my m\?3      !y h only to det]m9e1
 & ,i obey4 ,i wi% x to be      und]/ood

 t su* is ! duty ( all                  
,ca?olics4--,daniel      ,o',connell1   
#ahdc4  ,"h comes "o ( ! ,pope's organs 
9 ,france3       ,a h]etic1 exam9$ &    
convict$ by ! ,*ur*1 us$ to be          
deliv]$ ov] to ! secul> p[] & puni%$ )  
dea?4      ,no?+ has ev] appe>$ to u m  
necess>y4 ,m ?an "o      hundr$ ?\s&    
p]sons p]i%$ 9 consequ5ce ( ! h]esy     
( ,wickliffe2 a /ill great] numb] = t ( 
,john ,huss2 &      x w\ld n be possible
 to calculate ! blood%$ caus$ by        
,lu!r2 & x is n yet ov]4--,p>is ,univ]s4
       ,z = myself1 :at ,i regret1 ,i   
frankly own1 is t !y did      n burn    
,john ,huss soon]1 & t !y did n likewise
 burn      ,lu!r2 ?is happ5$ because !re
 0 n f\nd "s pr9ce      suffici5tly     
politic to /ir up a crusade aga9/       
,prote/ants4--,p>is ,univ]s4  ,b "h is !
 ,pope himself argu+ ) ! au?orities     
already quot$3       ,! absurd or       
errone\s doctr9es or rav+s 9 def5ce (   
lib]ty ( consci5ce1 is a mo/ pe/il5tial 
error--a pe/1 (      all o!rs1 mo/ to be

 dread$ 9 a ,/ate4--,encyclical ,lett]  
( ,pope ,pius ,,ix41 ,aug4 #ae1 #aheb4  
,n[1 let u he> _! organs 9 our own      
c\ntry3       ,h]esy & unbelief are     
crimes1 & 9 ,*ri/ian c\ntries1      l   
,italy & ,spa9 = in/ance1 :]e all ! p   
are      ,ca?olics1 & :]e ! ,*ri/ian    
religion is an ess5tial      "p ( ! law 
( ! l&1 !y are puni%$ z o!r             
crimes4--,r4 ,c4 ,ar*bi%op ( ,/4 ,l\is4 
,= our own "p1 we take ?is opportunity (
 express+ our      he>ty delight at !   
suppression ( ! ,prote/ant *apel at     
,rome4 ,?is may be ?\ght intol]ant1 b   
:51 we w\ld ask1      did we ev] pr(ess 
to be tol]ant ( ,prote/antism1 or favor 
! doctr9e t ,prote/antism ought to be   
tol]at$8 ,on      ! contr>y1 we hate    
,prote/antism--we dete/ x ) our         
:ole he>t & s\l1 & we pray t our av]sion
 to x may      nev] decrease4 ,we hold x
 meet t 9 ! ,et]nal ,city no      wor%ip
 repugnant to ,god %\ld be tol]at$1 & we
 are      s9c]ely glad t ! enemies (    
tru? are no long] all[$      to meet    

toge!r 9 ! capital ( ! ,*ri/ian         
_w4--,pittsburg ,ca?olic ,visitor1      
#ahdh4       ,no good gov]nm5t c exi/   
)\t religion2 & !re c      be no        
religion )\t an ,inquisition1 :i* is    
wisely      design$ = ! promotion &     
protection ( ! true      fai?4--,bo/on  
,pilot4       ,y ask1 if he 7! ,pope7 7 
"l 9 ! l&1 & y 7      9 a m9ority1 if n 
9 numb]s1 yet 9 p[]1 :at w\ld he      d 
to y8 ,t1 we say1 w\ld entirely dep5d on
      circum/ances4 ,if x w\ld b5efit ! 
cause ( ,ca?olicism1      he w\ld       
tol]ate y--if exp$i5t1 he w\ld imprison 
y--bani% y--possibly1 hang y--b be      
assur$ ( "o      ?+1 he w\ld nev]       
tol]ate y = ! sake ( !      'glori\s    
pr9ciples' ( civil & religi\s           
lib]ty4--,rambl]4       ,prote/antism ( 
e =m has n & nev] c h any      rights   
:]e ,ca?olicity is                      
triumphant4--,br[nson's ,qu>t]ly        
,review4       ,let u d>e to ass]t !    
tru? 9 ! face ( ! ly+      _w1 &1 in/ead
 ( plead+ = our ,*ur* at ! b> (      !  

,/ate1 summon ! ,/ate itself to plead at
 ! b> ( !      ,*ur*1 its div9ely       
con/itut$ judge4--,ibid4       ,i nev]  
?9k ( publi%+ any ?+ 9 reg>d to ! ,*ur* 
)\t submitt+ my articles to ! ,bi%op =  
inspection1      approval1 &            
endorsem5t4--,ibid4  ,9 view ( ! =ego+1 
& o!r facts & argum5ts :i* we w h]eaft] 
pres5t1 we _c be mi/ak5 9 our views (   
,roman ,ca?olicism4 ,we _c tamely       
surr5d] our de>e/ rights z ,prote/ants1 
)\t a /ruggle4 ,we _c cry peace1 peace1 
:5 !re is no peace6       ,prote/antism1
 ( e k9d1 ,ca?olicity ins]ts 9 h]       
catalogue ( moral s9s2 %e endures x :5 &
 :]e %e      mu/2 b %e hates x1 &       
directs all h] en]gies to effect        
its de/ruction4--,/4 ,l\is ,%eph]d ( !  
,valley4       ,religi\s lib]ty1 9 !    
s5se ( a lib]ty possess$ by      e man  
to *oose 8 religion1 is "o ( ! mo/      
wret*$      delusions ev] foi/$ on ?is  
age by ! fa!r (      deceit4--,!        
,rambl]1 #ahec4       ,! ,*ur* is (     
necessity intol]ant4 ,h]esy %e endures  

:5      & :]e %e mu/1 b %e hates x1 &   
directs all h]      en]gies to its      
de/ruction4 ,if ,ca?olics ev] ga9 an    
imm5se      num]ical majority 9 ?is     
c\ntry1 religi\s fre$om is at an        
end4 ,s say our enemies4 ,s say         
we4--,%eph]d ( ! ,valley4       ,!      
lib]ty ( h]esy & unbelief is n a "r4444 
,all !      rights ! sects h1 or c h1   
are d]iv$ f ! ,/ate1      & re/ on      
exp$i5cy4 ,z !y h1 9 _! "* (      sects 
ho/ile to ! true religion1 no rights "u 
! law (      nature or ! law ( ,god1 !y 
are nei!r wrong$ nor depriv$      (     
lib]ty1 if ! ,/ate refuses to grant !m  
any rights at      all4--,br[nson's     
,review1 ,oct41 #ahec1 p4 #def4       ,!
 sorrie/ sight to u is a ,ca?olic ?r[+  
up 8 cap1      & %\t+1 ',all hail1      
,democracy6'--,ibid1 ,octob]1 #aheb1    
pp4 #eed-h4       ,we ?9k ! 'masses' 7  
nev] less happy1 less respectable1      
& less respect$1 ?an !y h be5 s9ce !    
re=mation1      & p>ticul>ly )9 ! la/   
fifty or "o hundr$ ye>s1      s9ce ,"l  

,br\gham caught ! mania ( tea*+ !m to   
read      & communicate ! disease to a  
l>ge proportion ( !      ,engli% nation2
 ( :i*1 9 spite ( all our talk1 we are  
(t5 ! s]vile imitators4--,%eph]d ( !    
,valley1 ,oct4      #bb1 #ahec4     ,,! 
,,ca?olic ,,"q--,no4 #c4       ,!       
,ca?olic ,*ur* supreme ov] all          
au?orities--,m$dl+ 9      ,political    
,conte/s--,br[nson's ,review & ! ,bo/on 
,pilot      reflect+ ! s5tim5ts ( t     
,*ur*--,prote/ants      advocat+        
,romanism--,! ,na%ville ,union 9 #ahce4 
,! ,anti-,am]ican1 ,=eign-lov+1 ,ca?olic
 admir]s ( ! ,loc(oco s*ool ( politics1 
ev]y:]e seek to fright5 native          
,prote/ant citiz5s ) ! bugbe> cry (     
religi\s proscription4 ,b let ,am]icans 
& ,prote/ants wat* ) increas$ vigilance 
bo? ! ,roman & ,loc(oco ,jesuits ar\nd  
!m4 ,to call ! damnable & accurs$ sy/em 
( political intrigue practis$ = pa/     
c5turies by ! ,roman ,*ur* by ! t]m     
,religion1 is a solemn mock]y ( ! hall[$
 ^w4 ,religion tea*es love & ob$i5ce to 

,god1 & ! legally con/itut$ au?orities (
 ! c\ntry4 ,romanism tea*es fe> ( &     
ob$i5ce to a cr[n$ pot5tate call$ !     
,pope1 & opposition to all ,prote/ant   
gov]nm5ts1 z wor?y to be ca/ d[n to     
hell6 ,! "o t5ds to free & ennoble !    
s\l3 ! o!r to enslave & debau* e faculty
 ( man's nature :i* lik5s him to !      
,almighty6 ,! "o is republican3 ! o!r is
 b>b>ic1 & at w> ) e pr9ciple ( free    
gov]nm5t6  ,! ,am]ican p>ty does oppose 
& d5\nce ,romanism z a political sy/em  
at w> ) ,am]ican in/itutions2 & we "h   
ask c&id m5 to weigh ! evid5ce we %all  
adduce to su/a9 ?is *>ge4 ,we %all quote
 none o!r ?an ,roman ,ca?olic           
au?ority--! organs ( ,romanism--s z out 
( _! own m\?s to condemn !m4 ,br[nson's 
,review is ! accr$it$ organ ( ,romanism 
9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,he o/5tati\sly      
p>ades ! names ( ! ,ar*bi%ops & ,bi%ops 
on ! cov] ( 8 ,review1 to give x ! /amp 
( au?ority1 & ass]ts 9 ! "w3       ,i   
,,nev] ,,?9k ,,( ,,publi%+ ,,any ,,?+   
,,9 ,,reg>d ,,to ,,! ,,*ur*      ,,)\t  

,,submitt+ ,,my ,,articles ,,to ,,!     
,,bi%op ,,= ,,inspection1               
,,approval1 ,,& ,,endorsem5t4  ,let u !n
 look to 8 pages = an exposition ( !    
doctr9es ( 8 ,*ur*4 ,9 ! ,janu>y numb] =
 #ahec1 he says3       ,= e ,ca?olic at 
lea/1 ! ,*ur* is ! supreme judge      ( 
! ext5t & limits ( h] p[]4 ,%e c be     
judg$ by no      "o2 & ?is ( itself     
implies h] absolute supremacy1 &      t 
! temporal ord] mu/ receive its laws f  
h]4  ,! uni=m practice ( ! ,*ur* ( ,rome
 has be51 & /ill is1 to ass]t h] p[]--n 
9 words1 b 9 de$s--to ,,give ,,or ,,take
 ,,away ,,cr[ns--to depose ungodly      
rul]s1 & to absolve _! subjects f _!    
horrible ,,oa?s ,,( ,,allegiance6       
,aga91 9 ! ,july numb] = #ahec1 ,br[nson
 says3       ,! ,*ur* is supreme1 & y h 
no p[] except :at y      hold 9         
subord9ation to h]1 ei!r 9 spirituals or
 9      temporals4444 ,y no m h         
political ?an ecclesia/ical             
indep5d5ce4 ,! ,*ur* alone1 "u ,god1 is 
indep5d5t1 &      %e def9es bo? y\r p[]s

 & h]s4       ,!y h he>d x said f _! y\?
 up t ! ,*ur*      has no?+ to d )      
politics2 t %e has receiv$ no           
mission 9 reg>d to ! political ord]4    
,9 oppos+ ! nonjur+ bi%ops & prie/s1 !y 
believ$      !y 7 only ass]t+ _!        
national rights z m51 or z      ! ,/ate1
 & 7 m]ely resi/+ ! unw>rantable        
assumption ( ! spiritual p[]4 ,if !y _h 
be5 di/9ctly      taught t ! political  
au?ority is always subord9ate to      ! 
spiritual1 & _h gr[n up 9 ! doctr9e t ! 
nation      is n compet5t to def9e1 9   
relation to ! ecclesia/ical      p[]1   
its own rights--t ! ,*ur* def9es bo? its
 p[]s      & h] own1 & t ?\gh ! nation  
may be1 & ought to      be1 indep5d5t 9 
relation to o!r nations1 x has1 & c     
h1 no indep5d5ce 9 ! face ( ! ,*ur*1 !  
k+dom (      ,god on e>?3 !y w\ld h se5 
at a glance t support (      ! civil    
au?ority aga9/ ! spiritual1 no matt] 9  
:at      mann]1 0 ! r5unciation ( _!    
fai? z ,ca?olics1 &      ! actual or    
virtual ass]tion ( ! supremacy ( !      

temporal p[]4  ,9 ! same numb]1 page    
#cja1 he says3       ,%e 7! ,*ur*7 has !
 "r to judge :o has1 or has n1          
accord+ to ! law ( ,god1 ! "r to reign3 
:e!r !      pr9ce has1 by 8 infidelity1 
8 misde$s1 8 tyranny &      oppression1 
=feit$ 8 tru/1 & lo/ 8 "r to !          
allegiance ( 8 subjects2 & !re=e :e!r !y
 are      /ill held to _! allegiance1 or
 are releas$ f x by !      law ( ,god4  
,if %e h ! "r to judge1 %e has ! "r     
to pron\nce judgm5t1 & ord] its         
execution3 !re=e to      pron\nce s5t5ce
 ( deposition ^u ! pr9ce :o has         
=feit$ 8 "r to reign1 & to decl>e 8     
subjects      absolv$ f _! allegiance to
 him1 & free to elect      !mselves a   
new sov]eign4  ,we might multiply       
au?orities ( ?is k9d on ?is po9t1 to an 
almo/ indef9ite ext5t1 f ! debate betwe5
 ,bi%op ,hughes & ,mr4 ,breck5ridge1 & !
 controv]sy betwe5 ,hughes & ,era/us    
,brooks1 b x is :olly unnecess>y4  ,z   
e>ly z #ahdd1 ! ,ca?olics took _! /& z a
 body 9 ! ar5a ( political /rife2 & !   

illu/ri\s ,,clay & ! virtu\s            
,,frel+huys5 7 ! victims ( _! p>ticul>  
ho/ility4 ,mr4 ,frel+huys5 0 ! ,presid5t
 ( ! ,bo>d ( ,=eign ,missions1 & ?is 0  
made ! excuse = ! bitt] animosity ( !   
,ca?olic press1 & ( ! cl]gy & memb]%ip (
 ! ,ca?olic sect1 aga9/ ,mr4 ,clay4     
,br[nson1 9 8 ,july numb] = #ahdd1 9 ! v
 heat ( ! conte/1 ?us assail$ ,mr4      
,clay3       ,he is ambiti\s1 b         
%ort-sight$4 ,he is aba%$ by no         
inconsi/5cy1 di/urb$ by no              
contradiction1 & c def5d1      ) a firm 
c\nt5ance1 )\t ! lea/ misgiv+1 :at      
ev]ybody b himself sees to be a         
political fallacy or logical            
absurdity4444 ,he is no m di/urb$ by be+
 conv9c$ (      moral ins5sibility1 ?an 
intellectual absurdity4444 ,a man (     
r>e abilities1 b app>5tly void ( bo?    
moral &      intellectual consci5ce4444 
,he is1 !re=e1 a man :om no      p[] "u 
t ( ! ,almighty c re/ra92 he mu/ ne$s be
      ! mo/ dang]\s man to be plac$ at !
 head ( affairs x      is possible to   

conceive4  ,! ,bo/on ,pilot1 ano!r      
,ca?olic organ1 publi%$ "u ! eye ( !    
,bi%op1 discloses ! same plot1 9 its    
issue = ! #ca/ ( ,octob]1 #ahdd1 only   
six days be=e ! election6 ,"h is :at ?is
 organ said3       ,we say to all m5 9 !
 ,unit$ ,/ates1 entitl$ to be           
naturaliz$1 become citiz5s :ile y c--let
 no?+ delay      y = an h\r--let no     
h9drance1 %ort ( mortal disease1        
bani% y f ! ballot-box4 ,to ^? :o are   
citiz5s1 we      say1 vote y\r          
pr9ciples1 :atev] !y may be--nev] des]t 
!m--d n be :e$l$ or t]rifi$--b vote     
quietly1 &      unobtrusively4 ,leave to
 o!rs ! noisy w>f>e ( words4 ,let       
y\r op9ions be prov$ by y\r delib]ate & 
det]m9$      action4 ,we recomm5d y to  
no p>ty2 we condemn no c&idate      b   
"o1 & he is ,!odore ,frel+huys54 ,we h  
no?+ to      say to him z a ,:ig--we h  
no?+ to say to ,mr4 ,clay or any        
o!r ,:ig1 z su*--b to ! ,presid5t ( !   
,am]ican ,bo>d      ( ,=eign ,missions1 
! fri5d & patron ( ! ,kirks &           

,cones1 we h mu* to say4 ,we hate 8     
intol]ance--we dislike      8           
associates--& %udd] at ! blackness &    
bitt]ness (      t s*ool ( sect>ians to 
:i* he belongs1 & among/ :om      he is 
reg>d$ z an au?ority4  ,prote/ants6 d y 
he> t8 ,old ,l9e ,:igs6 d y he> t8 ,if  
s1 d y ?9k t ,am]icans are w>r+ ^u civil
 & religi\s lib]ty1 :5 !y take an oa? t 
!y w rebuke su* infam\s s5tim5ts8 ,^!   
appeals ( ,br[nson1 ,hughes1 & ! ,pilot1
 _h ! effect to defeat ! ,clay ticket 9 
,new ,york1 & t ,/ate lo/ him 8         
election4 ,! ,ca?olics 7 all at ! polls1
 & vot$ = ,polk & ,dallas4 ,on ! #i? (  
,novemb]1 #ahdd1 ,frel+huys5 wrote to   
,mr4 ,clay z foll[s3       ,m ?an       
#c1jjj1 x is confid5tly said1 h be5     
naturaliz$      9 ?is city 7,new ,york7 
alone s9ce ! fir/ ( ,octob]4 ,x is      
an al>m+ fact t ?is =eign vote has      
decid$ ! great      que/ions ( ,am]ican 
policy1 & contract$ a nation's          
gratitude4  ,& aft] !y a*iev$ ! victory 
( #ahdd1 ,br[nson came out ) ?is av[al3 

,h]et(ore we h tak5 our politics f "o or
 ano!r (      ! p>ties :i* divide !     
c\ntry1 & h suff]$ !      enemies ( our 
religion to impose _! political doctr9e 
^u      u2 b x is "t = u to beg9 to tea*
 ! c\ntry itself      ^? moral &        
political doctr9es :i* fl[ f !          
tea*+s ( our own ,*ur*4 ,we are at home 
"h1 :]ev] we      may h be5 born2 ?is is
 our c\ntry1 & z x is to become         
,,?or\ghly ,,ca?olic1 we h a deep]      
int]e/ 9 public      affairs ?an any o!r
 ( our citiz5s4 ,! sects are only =     
a day2 ! ,*ur* = ev]4  ,:5 ,g54 ,cass   
made 8 spee* 9 ! ,s5ate1 9 #aheb1 9     
favor ( free wor%ip & ! rights (        
consci5ce = ,am]icans abroad1 reflect+  
on ! ,ca?olics by "n1 ,br[nson came out 
9 8 ,octob] numb]1 & said3       ,we are
 glad to see ,g54 ,cass laid on ! %elf1 
= we c      nev] support a man :o turns 
radical 9 8 old age4  ,9 ! same numb]1  
,br[nson cont9ues3       ,! sorrie/     
sight to u is a ,ca?olic ?r[+ up 8 cap &
      %\t+1 ',all hail1 ,democracy6'    

,?is too at ! v "t he 0 support+ !      
,democratic p>ty 9 ! ,presid5tial       
conte/6 ,he w\ld soon] h he>d ! cry1    
,all hail1 ,ca?olicism6 & he 0 only us+ 
,democracy z an in/rum5t to advance 8   
prim>y wi%6  ,we (f] no comm5ts on !    
=ego+ extracts1 ( our own1 b leave e    
read] to judge = himself4 ,! price (    
lib]ty is et]nal vigilance4 ,we apply ! 
rem>k to religi\s z well z civil lib]ty4
 ,all we ask ( ! p is to be vigilant4 ,d
 n support m5 at ! ballot-box :o are 9  
league ) ^! enemies ( our ,republic1 & (
 ! ,prote/ant religion6  ,behold ! enemy
 is at our gates6 ,a =eign prie/ has be5
 lectur+ "h 9 ,knoxville1 )9 ! la/ t5   
days1 av[+ s5tim5ts simil> to ^!1 &     
claim+ t ?is c\ntry w\ld ultimately     
become a ,ca?olic c\ntry6 ,! crisis is  
approa*+6 ,r\se up1 ,am]icans1 & ha/5 to
 y\r c\ntry's salvation6 ,n a mom5t is  
to be lo/6 ,,god ,,& ,,our ,,c\ntry1 mu/
 be ! wat*word ( e ,*ri/ian & patriot1 (
 e political p>ty 9 ! l&4 ,am]ica       
expects u all to d our duty6  ,& is !re 

no cause = al>m8  ,eighte5 mon?s ago1 a 
,prote/ant m9i/]1 ,bapti/1 ,me?odi/1 or 
,presbyt]ian1 might expose ,romanism1 & 
w>n 8 congregation aga9/ its corrupt+   
influ5ces1 = h\rs at a "t--come d[n out 
( 8 pulpit1 & 8 congregation w\ld1 )\t  
di/9ction ( p>ty1 say1 ,well done1 good 
& fai?ful s]vant6  ,b let him n[ d>e    
allude to ,romanism--he (f5ds "o-half ( 
8 congregation--he is prea*+            
politics--!y w he> him no m2 or =soo?1  
:i* is m common1 !y w )hold 8 support & 
/>ve him out6 ,are n ^! signs al>m+8  ,b
 "h 9 ,t5nessee1 ,prote/ant ,t5nessee1  
on ! #ae? ( ,may1 #ahee1 ! ,na%ville    
,daily ,union1 ! organ ( ! self-/yl$    
,democratic p>ty1 came out at ! ,capital
 ( ! ,/ate ) ?is d>+ broadside aga9/ !  
,prote/ant cl]gy & _! religion3       ,a
 ,*ur* t c boa/ ( an exi/5ce ( ?irte5   
c5turies--pass+ ?r\gh all ! v>i\s       
vicissitudes ( h]      ev5tful c>e]     
unsca!d1 c c]ta9ly %[1 ) all h]         
atroci\s b>b>ity1 _m bright spots :i*   
may be plac$ 9      favorable contra/ ) 

! ,prote/ant ,*ur*1 ) its      ?\s& & "o
 wrangl+ sects4 ,m5 are beg9n+ to see   
?r\gh ! transp>5t gauze t veils ?is     
,"k-,no?+      movem5t4 ,!y are beg9n+  
to ask ',:at has ,prote/antism      done
 = ! _w8 ,:at has %e done to alleviate &
 elevate      ! d[n-trodd58 ,is ! race  
any bett] (f = hav+      accept$ h]     
fai?8 ,,^! ,,rev]5d ,,hypocrites--^!    
scribes      & ph>isees1 are tread+ on a
 t]rible volcano4 ,!y w      f9d _!     
treasonable s*emes & inf]nal plott+     
aga9/      ! lib]ties ( man tri$ &      
condemn$ by ! pure light (      ,god's  
own tru? & love1 :i* %9es & ?robs 9 e   
pulsation ( humanity's he>t4 ,if        
,prote/antism prove recreant      to h] 
high tru/1 %e w h to pass ! ordeal (    
enlight5$ public op9ion & be consign$ to
 h] m]it$      obscurity4       ,pop]y1 
) all its crimes aga9/ ,god & man1      
adapts itself      to ! times & to !    
circum/ances1 & ?us saves itself      f 
be+ absorb$ 9 ! mass ( conflict+        
elem5ts4     ,,! ,,ca?olic ,,"q--,no4   

#d4       ,a ,ca?olic ,prie/ ! ,m9i/] f 
! ,rivas-,walk]                         
,gov]nm5t--,nic>agua1 ,texas1 & ,g54    
,jackson--,bi%op ,hughes      & ,ore/es 
,br[nson--,bu*anan bidd+ = ! ,ca?olic   
vote--,a4 ,h4 ,/eph5s1 ( ,georgia--,"l  
,baltimore & ,religi\s      ,tol]ation4 
,?ree mon?s ago1 ,,p>k] ,h4 ,,fr5*      
arriv$ 9 ,wa%+ton1 z ! ,repres5tative ( 
! ,walk] ,gov]nm5t ( ,nic>agua--an      
,am]ican-born citiz5 & a ,prote/ant--b !
 ,gov]nm5t decl9$ to recognize him1 ^u !
 gr\nd t ,walk]'s ,gov]nm5t 0 n e/abli%$
 ev5 de facto4 ,s9ce !n1 our ,gov]nm5t  
has recogniz$ ,walk]'s ,gov]nm5t1 &     
endors$ 8 w> ^u ,co/a ,rica1 al?\gh !   
=m] objection ( our ,gov]nm5t lies ) z  
mu* =ce aga9/ su* recognition n[ z x did
 ?ree mon?s ago4 ,t ! approa* ( !       
,c9c9nati ,conv5tion1 & ! importance (  
conciliat+ ! ,"y ,am]ican w+1 & !       
,filibu/]+ division ( ! ,democratic     
p>ty1 _h great influ5ce 9 produc+ ?is   
recognition1 !re c be no sort ( d\bt4 ,b
 a /ill m palpable reason :y ?is        

,gov]nm5t gave its sanction to !        
,rivas-,walk] ,gov]nm5t is1 t ,,padre   
,,vijil1 ! second ,m9i/] s5t "h1 is a   
,,roman ,,ca?olic ,,prie/1 & a %rewd    
,spani>d--bett] und]/&s ! influ5ces t   
prevail at ,wa%+ton4 ,:5 we rememb] t a 
,roman ,ca?olic1 & a memb] ( ! ,ord] (  
,jesuits1 is a memb] ( ,pi]ce's ,cab9et1
 ! ,po/ma/]-,g5]al--& :5 we rememb] t   
,democracy n[1 )\t ! ,ca?olic-,=eign    
vote1 is almo/ a nullity 9 ! ,unit$     
,/ates1 we h a cle> solution ( ?is      
pref]5ce giv5 ! ,spani% prie/1 ,,padre  
,,vijil1 ov] ! ,am]ican citiz51 b a few 
weeks aft]w>ds6 ,z a sign ( ! times1 !  
fact is "o wor?y ( note4 ,x %[s1 at     
lea/1 t :5 ,prote/antism _c prevail ) ! 
,adm9i/ration ( ,pi]ce1 ,roman          
,ca?olicism c2 & t h5ce1 :5 we proclaim 
! p[] ( ! ,pope1 ev5 9 ,am]ica1 we b    
utt] demon/rable facts4 ,romanism is ev5
 c>ry+ ,democracy f all its old wayside 
l&-m>ks4 ,9 ,decemb]1 #ahcf1 ,,g54      
,,jackson s5t a special message to !    
,s5ate ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 9 relation to 

a proposition to recognize ! new        
,gov]nm5t ( ,texas1 & he gave reasons   
aga9/ x1 :i* are exactly applicable to  
?is ,rivas-,walk] affair3       ,^u !   
issue1 he says1 ( ?is ?reat5$ invasion  
by      ,mexico1 ! indep5d5ce ( ,texas  
may be consid]$ z      susp5d$2 & 7 !re 
no?+ peculi> 9 ! relative      situation
 ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates & ,texas1 our        
ackn[l$gm5ts      ( its indep5d5ce at   
su* a crisis c\ld sc>cely be            
consid]$ z consi/5t ) t prud5t res]ve ) 
:i*      we h h]et(ore held ourselves   
b\nd to treat all simil>      que/ions4 
,! exi/+ ,gov]nm5t ( ,nic>agua is 9 a f>
 m critical condition n[ ?an t ( ,texas 
0 9 #ahcf1 :5 ,g54 ,jackson w5t on to   
say3       ,x becomes u to bew>e ( a too
 e>ly movem5t1 z x might      subject u1
 h[ev] unju/ly1 to ! imputation ( seek+ 
to      e/abli% ! claim ( our neighbors 
to a t]ritory1 ) a      view to its     
subsequ5t acquisition by ourselves4     
,prud5ce1      !re=e1 seems to dictate t
 we %\ld /ill /& alo(1      & ma9ta9 our

 pres5t attitude1 if n until ,mexico    
itself1      or "o ( ! great =eign p[]s1
 %all recognize !      indep5d5ce ( !   
new ,gov]nm5t1 at lea/ until ! lapse (  
"t or ! c\rse ( ev5ts %all h prov$1     
beyond cavil or      dispute1 ! ability 
( ! p ( t c\ntry to ma9ta9      _!      
sep>ate sov]eignty1 & to uphold !       
,gov]nm5t      con/itut$ by !m4 ,nei!r (
 ! cont5d+ p>ties c      ju/ly compla9 (
 ?is c\rse4 ,by pursu+ x1 we are b      
c>ry+ out ! long-e/abli%$ policy ( our  
,gov]nm5t--a      policy :i* has secur$ 
to u respect & influ5ce abroad1      &  
inspir$ confid5ce at home4  ,b ,romanism
 is rapidly lead+ ,democracy to !       
,devil6 ,ar*bi%op ,hughes--! head &     
front ( ! ,papal ,hi]>*y 9 ?is          
c\ntry--has op5ly decl>$ ! gr& aim &    
object ( ! ,ca?olic ,*ur* is ,,to ,,make
 ,,rome ,,! ,,di/rict ,,( ,,columbia ,,=
 ,,! ,,:ole ,,_w6 ,?is same ,ar*bi%op is
 n[ engag$ 9 rais+ an imm5se fund1 = !  
av[$ purpose ( ,,e/abli%+ ,a ,,college  
,,9 ,,rome1 = ! education ( a high ord] 

( ,prie/s & ,jesuits = ! ,unit$ ,/ates2 
! ,roman ,pontiff deem+ ! education (   
,prie/s defective if obta9$ 9 ?is l& (  
lib]ty6 ,?is same ,ar*bi%op ,hughes has 
n[ actively enli/$ = ! ,presid5tial     
conte/1 = #ahef1 9 ord]1 to use 8 own   
language1 ,,to ,,break ,,! ,,sp9al      
,,cord ,,( ,,! ,,am]ican ,,p>ty4 ,!     
,iri% ,ca?olic vote is to be fus$ ) !   
,black ,republicans 9 ! ,nor?1 to prev5t
 ! success ( ! ,fillmore ticket1 & !    
,iri% & ,g]man ,ca?olic vote is to be   
ca/ = ,democracy 9 ! ,s\? &             
,nor?-,we/--! ,ar*bi%op /ipulat+ =      
special legislation = ,rome1 & = promot+
 ?is mammo? college6  ,,ore/es          
,,br[nson1 a lead+ ,ca?olic au?ority1 & 
! editor ( ,ar*bi%op ,hughes's organ--"o
 ( ! mo/ zeal\s z well z able advocates 
( ,romanism 9 ,am]ica--decl>es3 ,,!     
,,pope ,,is ,,my ,,int]pret] ,,( ,,!    
,,con/itution ,,( ,,! ,,unit$ ,,/ates6  
,! ,supreme ,c\rt at ,wa%+ton is        
subord9ate to ! ,vatican1 situat$ at !  
foot ( "o ( ! sev5 hills ^u :i* ,rome is

 built6 ,?r\gh ! influ5ce ( ! ,jesuit :o
 is a memb] ( ,pi]ce's cab9et1 ! ,papal 
,nuncio1 :o 0 s5t f ,rome two ye>s ago1 
clo!d ) =eign au?ority1 0 receiv$ by our
 gov]nm5t at ,wa%+ton1 & s5t ar\nd !    
lakes to ! ,nor?-,we/ at gov]nm5t       
exp5se2 & all[$ to adjudicate ^u a      
secul> "q ,,affect+ ,,t]ritorial        
,,jurisdiction 9 ! great ,/ate ( ,new   
,york6  ,mr4 ,bu*anan1 "o ( ! sev]al    
c&idates be=e ! ,c9c9nati ,conv5tion = !
 ,presid5tial nom9ation1 said1 9 a      
public spee* 9 ,baltimore1 j be=e !     
meet+ ( t ,conv5tion1 by way ( bidd+ = !
 ,ca?olic vote3       ,9 ! age (        
religi\s bigotry & intol]ance1 ,"l      
,baltimore 0 ! fir/ legislator :o       
proclaim$ ! sacr$      rights (         
consci5ce1 & e/abli%$ = ! gov]nm5t ( 8  
colony ! pr9ciple1 n m]ely ( tol]ation1 
b p]fect      religi\s fre$om & equality
 among all sects ( ,*ri/ians4  ,"l      
,baltimore 0 a ,ca?olic2 & ) a view to  
enli/ ! same influ5ce1 ,,hon4 ,,alex&]  
,h4 ,,/eph5s1 ( ,georgia1 s5t =? a      

publi%$ spee* la/ summ]1 f :i* we make !
 foll[+ extract3       ,! ,ca?olic      
colony ( ,m>yl&1 organiz$ "u ! auspices 
( ,"l ,baltimore1 0 ! fir/ to e/abli% ! 
pr9ciple (      free tol]ation 9        
religi\s wor%ip on ?is cont95t4       ,!
 ,colony ( ,m>yl& af=d$ protection to   
all p]secut$      sects4  ,n[1 9 ord] to
 judge ( ,mr4 ,bu*anan's p]fect religi\s
 fre$om & equality1 & ,mr4 ,/eph5s's    
pr9ciple ( free tol]ation1 let u exam9e 
an ,act pass$ ,april #ba1 #afdi1 :5 ,"l 
,baltimore 0 9 ! z5i? ( 8 p[]3          
,d5y+ ! ,holy ,tr9ity is to be puni%$ ) 
dea?1 &      confiscation ( l& & goods  
to ! ,"l ,propriet>y 7,"l               
,baltimore himself67 ,p]sons us+ any    
reproa*ful words      conc]n+ ! ,bless$ 
,virg9 ,m>y1 or ! ,holy ,apo/les or     
,evangeli/s1 to be f9$ #e1 or 9 default 
( paym5t to be      publicly :ipp$ &    
imprison$1 at ! pleasure ( 8            
,lord%ip1 7,"l ,baltimore himself67 or (
 8      ,lieut5ant-,g5]al4 ,see ,laws ( 
,m>yl& at l>ge1 by ,t4      ,bacon1 ,a4 

,d4 #agfe4 #af & #ag ,cecilius's ,"l    
,baltimore4  ,s4 ,f4 ,,/reet]1 ,esq41 ( 
,baltimore1 is ! au?or ( a "w entitl$   
,m>yl& two hundr$ ye>s ago4 ,9 ?is "w1  
at page #bf1 ,mr4 ,/reet] says3       ,!
 policy ( ,"l ,baltimore1 9 reg>d to    
religi\s matt]s      9 8 colony1 has1 9 
"s p>ticul>s at lea/1 be5               
misappreh5d$ & !re=e mis/at$4 ,!        
ass]tion has long      pass$            
uncontradict$1 t tol]ation 0 promis$ to 
!      coloni/s 9 ! fir/ conditions (   
plantation2 t !      rights ( consci5ce 
7 recogniz$ 9 a law pass$ by !      fir/
 assembly held 9 ! colony2 & t !        
pr9cipal      (fic]s f ! ye> #afcf or   
'#cg1 b\nd !mselves by on oa?      n to 
mole/ on acc\nt ( 8 religion any "o     
pr(ess+ to      believe 9 ,jesus ,*ri/4 
,i c f9d no au?ority = any (      ^!    
/atem5ts4 ,"l ,baltimore's fir/ & e>li] 
conditions      ( plantation brea! n a  
^w on ! subject ( religion3 no      act 
recogniz+ ! pr9ciple ( tol]ation 0 pass$
 9 !      fir/ or 9 any foll[+ assembly1

 until fifte5 ye>s aft]      ! fir/     
settlem5t1 at :i* "t 7#afdi7 a          
,prote/ant _h      be5 appo9t$ ,gov]nor1
 & a majority ( ! ,burgesses 7      ( ! 
same fai?2 & :51 = ! fir/ "t1 a clause  
involv+ a promise n to mole/ any p]son  
pr(ess+ to      believe 9 ,jesus ,*ri/1 
! words & p>ticul>ly a ,roman           
,ca?olic1 7 ins]t$ by ! direction ( ,"l 
,baltimore 9      ! (ficial oa?4        
,mc,mahon1 ! tri$ fri5d ( ,"l           
,baltimore1 speak+ on ?is same subject1 
says3       ,! propriet>y dom9ion 7,"l  
,b4's7 _h nev] kn[n t      h\r1 7:5 !re 
0 opportunity to p]secute47 ,!          
,prote/ant      religion 0 ! e/abli%$   
religion ( ! "m c\ntry1      & any ef=t 
on ! "p ( ! ,propriet>y 7,"l ,b47 to    
oppress its foll[]s w\ld h drawn d[n    
de/ruction on 8      gov]nm5t4 ,! great 
body ( ! coloni/s 7 !mselves            
,prote/ants1 &1 by _! numb] & _!        
p>ticipation 9      ! gov]nm5t1 !y 7    
fully equal to _! own protection1      &
 too p[]ful = ! ,propriet>ies 9 ! ev5t (

 an      op5 collision4  ,?us x w be se5
 t 9 ,m>yl&1 z ev]y:]e else1 9 all pa/  
ages1 s f> z tol]ation is conc]n$1 x 0  
grant$ to ,ca?olics--nev] by !m4     ,,!
 ,,ca?olic ,,"q--,no4 #e4       ,popi%  
aims at supremacy--,av[als by di/+ui%$  
,ca?olics--,! ord] ( ,jesuits--,/>tl+   
disclosures &      au!ntic ref]5ces6--,!
 /r5g? ( ,romanism 9 ! ,unit$           
,/ates6   ,! ,romi% hi]>*y aims at      
supremacy 9 ! ,*ur* & ! ,/ate4 ,x is    
no?+ m nor less ?an a great political   
sy/em1 arrogat+ to itself ! "r to sway !
 spiritual & temporal conc]ns ( m5--a "r
 x claims to h d]iv$ f ,god1 & t !re=e !
 ,romi% ,*ur* is above all1 & may rule  
all4 ,h5ce ! conspiracy aga9/ our       
gov]nm5t emanat+ f ! ,vatican1 & plann$ 
by ! ,pope1 8 ,c>d9als & ,bi%ops1 9 !   
late gr& c\ncil at ,rome6 ,!y !re & !n  
resolv$ on affect+ ! objects ( !        
,leopold ,f\ndation1 e/abli%$ 9 ,vi5na1 
,may #ac1 #ahbi1 to support ,ca?olic    
mission>ies 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,e memb] 
( ?is ,society--& its bran*es are       

num]\s1 be+ scatt]$ ov] ! :ole          
e>?--agrees to (f] pray]s daily to ,/4  
,leopold1 & e week to contribute z mu* z
 a crucifix4 ,! valley ( ! ,mississippi 
has be5 survey$ & mapp$ by ! ,jesuits1  
"u ! directions ( ! ,vatican1 & ,popi%  
,c>d9als 9 ,europe are boa/+ ( ! c]ta9ty
 ( _! subject+ ?is l& ( fre$om at no    
di/ant day to papal supremacy6 ,rev4    
,dr4 ,,james1 an em95t cl]gyman (       
,engl&1 says3       ,! ,*ur* ( ,rome has
 det]m9$ to comp5sate h]self =      h]  
losses 9 ! old _w1 by h] conque/ 9 !    
new4  ,h5ce1 too1 a ,papal editor 9     
,europe conduct+ a ,ca?olic organ1 &    
advis+ vigor\s measures = ! ext5sion (  
,papal p[]1 says3       ,we mu/ make    
ha/e--! mom5ts are preci\s--,am]ica may 
become ! c5tre ( civilization4  ,! ,rev4
 ,dr4 ,reze1 ( ,detroit1 a prie/ (      
di/9ction1 :o is n[ 9 cu/ody at ,rome1 a
 few ye>s s9ce1 writ+ f ,mi*igan to 8   
ma/]1 ! ,pope1 says3       ,we %all see 
! tru? triumph--! temple ( idols        
ov]?r[n--! seat ( falsehood br\ght to   

sil5ce--& all      ! ,unit$ ,/ates      
embrac$ 9 ! same fai? ( t ,ca?olic      
,*ur*1 :]e9 dwell tru? & temporal       
happ9ess4  ,a ,ca?olic prie/ 9 ,indiana 
told a ,prote/ant m9i/]1 an able        
,me?odi/ cl]gyman1 9 a controv]sy1 ,! "t
 w come :5 ,ca?olics w make ,prote/ants 
wade knee-deep 9 blood 9 ! valley ( !   
,mississippi6  ,bi%op ,engl&1 "o ( _!   
ma/]-spirits 9 ?is c\ntry1 9 a lett] to 
! ,pope writt5 f ,*>le/on1 & :i* 0 s    
good t 8 ,hol9ess caus$ x to be publi%$1
 said3       ,)9 ?irty ye>s1 !          
,prote/ant h]esy w come to an      end4 
,if we c secure ! ,we/ & ,s\?1 we w take
 c>e (      ,new ,engl&4  ,?is same     
dignit>y said to 8 bre?r5 at ,vi5na 9 t 
memorable lett]1 by way ( advice &      
enc\ragem5t3       ,all t is necess>y is
 money & prie/s1 to subjugate !         
mock lib]ties ( ,am]ica4  ,! ,jesuits   
pr(ess to be a m devot$ bran* ( !       
,pope's army ?an any o!r ord]4 ,! ,abbe 
,de ,pradt1 =m]ly ,roman ,ar*bi%op at   
,mal9es1 calls !m ! ,pope's zeal\s      

militia3 ano!r correctly calls !m !     
,pope's body-gu>d1 organiz$ = ! express 
purpose ( def5d+ ! ,papal ,see1 &       
und]tak+ a spiritual crusade aga9/      
h]etics4 ,pius ,,vii41 9 8 ,bull (      
,augu/ #g1 #ahad1 re/abli%+ ! ord]1 :i* 
,clem5t ,,xiv4 _h suppress$1 says3 ,we  
w\ld be guilty ( a great crime1 if1 amid
 ! dang]s ?reat5+ ! ,papal int]e/s1 &   
if1 plac$ 9 ! b>que ( ,pet]1 toss$ &    
assail$ by cont9ual /orms1 we refus$ to 
employ ! vigor\s & exp]i5c$ r[]s :o     
volunte] _! s]vices 9 ord] to break !   
waves ( a sea :i* ?reat5s e mom5t       
%ipwreck & dea?4  ,! presumption is1 t  
^! vigor\s & exp]i5c$ r[]s :o ?us       
volunte] _! s]vices1 h "s mov+ pr9ciple1
 "s hidd5 spr+1 :i* moves ) t on5ess &  
con/ancy "u all disc\ragem5ts4 ,! wat*  
does n %[ ! spr+ t sets x 9 motion3 :o t
 looks at its face & obs]ves ! movem5t (
 ! h&s w d\bt t x is !re1 & t !y move 9 
proportion to ! /r5g? or weakness ( t   
spr+8  ,! old ,romans us$ to swe> _!    
soldi]s3 ! ,roman ,*ur* swe>s ev5 h]    

private memb]s4 ,read ! foll[+ f ! cre$3
 ,i solemnly promise1 v[1 & swe> true   
ob$i5ce to ! ,roman bi%op1 c4 ,?is true 
,ca?olic fai?1 out ( :i* !re is no      
salvation1 c4--,i promise1 v[1 & swe>   
mo/ con/antly to hold & pr(ess ! same1  
:ole & entire1 ) ,god's assi/ance1 to ! 
end ( my life1 & procure1 z f> z lies 9 
my p[]1 t ! same %all be held1 taught1 &
 prea*$ by all :o are "u me1 c4 ,i also 
pr(ess & und\bt$ly receive all o!r ?+s  
deliv]$1 def9$1 & decl>$ by ! sacr$     
canons & g5]al c\ncils1 & p>ticul>ly by 
! holy ,c\ncil ( ,tr5t2 &1 likewise1 ,i 
also condemn1 reject1 & ana!matize all  
?+s contr>y !reto1 & all h]esies        
:atsoev]1 condemn$1 reject$1 &          
ana!matiz$ by ! ,*ur*4  ,! ,jesuits are 
m /rict1 subs]vi5t1 devot$ to !         
,vatican1 ?an any o!r w+ ( ! ,ca?olic   
,*ur*4 ,9 ! second volume ( !           
con/itutions ( ! ,jesuits1 "u ! head+ ( 
ob$i5ce to sup]iors1 is writt53       ,y
 %all always see ,jesus ,*ri/ 9 !       
,g5]al4       ,y %all obey him 9 e ?+4  

,y\r ob$i5ce %all be      b\ndless 9 !  
execution1 9 ! w & und]/&+4 ,y      %all
 p]suade y\rselves t ,god speaks 9 8    
m\?3 t      :5 he ord]s1 ,god himself   
ord]s4 ,y %all execute 8      comm&     
imm$iately1 ) joy & ) /ead9ess4       ,y
 %all be 9 8 h&s a dead body1 :i* he w  
gov]n1      move1 place1 displace1      
accord+ to 8 w4  ,"u ^! tea*+s1 says    
,,arnauld1 a /ud5t 9 a college (        
,jesuits /at$1 on he>+ ( ! implicit     
ob$i5ce ( ano!r3       ,i w\ld h done   
/ill m4 ,7 ,god to ord] me1 ?r\gh      !
 voice ( my sup]ior1 to put to dea?     
fa!r1 "m1      *ildr51 bro!rs1 & si/]s1 
,i w\ld d x ) an eye z      te>less & a 
he>t z calm z if ,i 7 seat$ at ! banquet
      ( ! ,pas*al lamb4  ,&rew ,b4      
,cross1 ( ,baltimore1 9 a rec5t         
publication1 says3       ,z e>ly z      
#afbd1 ! ,univ]sity ( ,p>is *>g$ !m )   
be+ gov]n$ by 'secret laws4' ,9 #afdi1  
,palafox1 ,bi%op (      ,angelopolis1 9 
8 lett] to ,innoc5t ,x41 accuses !m (   
hav+ 'a secret con/itution1 hidd5       

privileges1 & conceal$      laws ( _!   
own4'  ,:at w our ,democratic ,prote/ant
 oppos]s ( ,"k ,no?+ secret lodges say  
to ?is8 ,:at w our ,democratic advocates
 ( ,pop]y say to ! pr9ciples ( su* an   
organization1 & to its horrible oa?s8 ,b
 he> ! ,roman ,ca?olic ,k+ ( ,portugal1 
9 8 manife/o to 8 ,bi%ops1 9 #agei1 only
 n9ety-sev5 ye>s ago3       ,9 ord] to  
=m ! union1 ! consi/5cy1 & ! /r5g?      
( ! society1 !re %\ld be a gov]nm5t n   
only      mon>*ical1 b s sov]eign1 s    
absolute1 s despotic1 t      ev5 !      
,prov9cials !mselves %\ld n h x 9 _!    
p[]1 by any act ( !irs1 to resi/ or     
ret>d ! execution      ( ! ord]s ( !    
,g5]al4 ,by ?is legislative1 inviolable 
& despotic p[]2 by ! pr(\nd devot$ness (
 ! subjects      ( ?is company to       
my/]i\s laws ) :i* !y are n             
!mselves acqua9t$2 by ! bl9d & passive  
ob$i5ce )      :i* !y are compell$ to   
execute1 )\t hesitation or      reply1  
:atev] _! sup]iors comm&1 c4  ,b our    
,democratic anti-,"k ,no?+s n only      

object to our hav+ =m]ly kept our ritual
 conceal$1 b especially to our d5ial ( !
 exi/5ce ( our organization4 ,let !m    
procure a copy ( ! secret in/ructions ( 
! ,jesuits1 /yl$ ,secreta ,monita1 & 9 !
 preface !y w f9d ^! lovely words3      
,! greate/ c>e imag9able mu/ be also    
tak5 t ^!      in/ructions d n fall into
 ! h&s ( /rang]s1 c42 if      !y %\ld1  
let x be positively d5i$ t ^! are !     
pr9ciples ( ! society1 c4  ,b aga93     
,auquetil1 9 ! f\r? volume1 page #ccc1 (
 8 ,hi/ory (      ,france1 gives an     
acc\nt ( ! celebrat$ case ( !           
bankruptcy ( ! ,rev4 ,fa!r ,jesuit ,la  
,valette1 ! ,jesuit      ag5t1 = ?ree   
million francs4 ,_! %ips _h be5 tak5 by 
! ,engli%2 ! bank]s 9 ,m>seilles1 :o _h 
accept$ bills      ( ex*ange to ! am\nt 
( "o & a half millions1 requir$         
prompt paym5t4 ,!y wrote to ,de ,sacy1 !
 ,g5]al ,procurator      ( ! ,missions2 
he wrote to ! ,g5]al at ,rome1 b !      
,g5]al di$ at ! same "t2 & be=e a new   
,g5]al c\ld      be elect$1 & an ord]   

s5t to pay ! money1 ! ,fa!rs _h         
become bankrupt1 & suits 7 in/itut$4    
,aft] delay &      manoeuvre on _! "p1 !
 case came on unexpect$ly 9      #agfj4 
,all ! ,jesuits 7 accus$4 ,!y tri$ to   
lay ! guilt      ^u ,la ,valette1 b !   
bank]s *>g$ t all ! ,jesuits      7 "u !
 ,g5]al1 & ,la ,valette 0 only ag5t4 ,9 
?is      sad condition !y propos$ to    
prove1 accord+ to _!      con/itutions1 
t z a society _! body possess$ no?+1    
t all belong$ to ea* college-h\se1      
conv5t1 c4 ,!      proposal ( ! ,jesuits
 0 accept$4 ,on ! #h? ( ,may1 #agfa1    
aft] trial1 ! ,p>liam5t condemn$ !      
,g5]al & all !      society to pay      
bills1 co/s1 damages1 c41 :i* !y did    
)\t sell+ any ( _! prop]ty4       ,x 0 9
 ?is evil h\r to ! ,jesuits t _!        
con/itutions1 :i* _h be5 act$ ^u = two  
hundr$ ye>s      9 secret1 7 br\ght to  
light4 ,rules & con/itutions maybe      
9 exi/5ce & act$ ^u1 :5 x w\ld be       
impossible to      obta9 a copy f any "o
 :o 0 suffici5tly advanc$ 9 !      ord] 

to be tru/$ ) a copy4  ,x w a/oni%      
,am]ican ,prote/ants to be told h[      
num]\s1 influ5tial1 & /rong ! ,ca?olics 
are 9 ?is l& ( lib]ty6 ,!y h #g         
ar*bi%ops1 #dj bi%ops1 #agjd prie/s1    
#ahbd *ur*es1 #ba colleges1 #cg         
ecclesia/ical in/itutions = ! education 
( prie/s & ,jesuits1 #aag female        
academies1 all ( :i* are1 9 reality1    
,conv5ts4 ,nuns1 prie/s1 & ,jesuits are 
! pr(essors1 tea*]s1 & matrons2 &1      
/range to say1 ,prote/ant "y ladies are 
_! *ief support]s6  ,! ,romi% ,hi]>*y is
 f> m num]\s 9 ,prote/ant ,am]ica1 ?an 9
 any ,ca?olic c\ntry on e>?4 ,_! /r5g? 9
 ,am]ica equals :at x is 9 ,irel&1      
,scotl&1 & ,engl& comb9$6 ,h[ ext5sive  
is ?is religi\s organization 9 our l&3  
h[ subtle6 ,its ramifications are all s 
_m art]ies1 :i* receive _! life's blood 
f ! he>t at ,rome1 & return x !re by its
 regul> palpitations6 ,x is n[          
conc5trat+ its art]ies at ,wa%+ton      
,city1 & is promis$ aid & com=t f !     
great ,democratic p>ty--a p>ty fa/      

becom+ ! foe ( true lib]ty1 & ( !       
evangelical ,prote/ant fai?4     ,,!    
,,ca?olic ,,"q--,no4 #f4       ,! ,oa? (
 a ,bi%op--,oa? ( a ,prie/--,oa? ( a    
,jesuit--,oa?      ( a ,san ,f$i/i--,oa?
 ( an ,iri% ,ribbon-man--,! ,romi%      
,curse6   ,9 ?is *apt] we w exhibit !   
horrible oa?s ( ! v>i\s grades (        
,ca?olics1 f a ,bi%op d[n to a private  
memb]--ev5 to ! ,iri% ,ribbon-m51 ?\s&s 
( :om sw>m ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,to ^! we w 
add ! oa? ( ! ,ord] ( ,san ,f$i/i1 an   
infam\s secret society e/abli%$ 9       
,italy1 & introduc$ = ! fir/ "t into ?is
 c\ntry by t pr9ce ( murd]]s1 ,b$9i1 !  
,pope's ,nuncio2 :o 0 honor$ ) a /eam]  
at ! exp5se ( our gov]nm5t1 ,pi]ce at   
its head1 to sail r\nd our nor!rn lakes1
 organiz+ ^! infam\s societies4 ,la/ (  
all1 we give ! ,,romi% ,,curse1 :i* is 9
 full =ce & p[] 9 all ,ca?olic c\ntries1
 & is ev5 pron\nc$ publicly 9 our l>ge  
cities1 ^u r5egades f ! ,ca?olic fai?4  
,^! oa?s w be f\nd comm5c+ on page #db (
 ,a ,treatise ( ! ,pope's ,supremacy4   

,by ,,rev4 ,,isaac ,,b>r[1 ,d4 ,d4      
,second ,am]ican ,edition1 #ahdd4 ,by   
?is au?or1 ! ,lat9 is giv5 & !n         
translat$4 ,! same1 9 "p1 w be f\nd 9 ! 
debate betwe5 ,,mr4 ,,breck5ridge1 ( !  
,presbyt]ian ,*ur*1 & ,,ar*bi%op        
,,hughes1 & by ! latt] publicly         
ackn[l$g$ to be g5u9e1 be=e a ,baltimore
 audi5ce :o he>d ! discussion6  ,b ^!   
p>ticul> =ms ( oa?s 9 "q1 :i* reckless  
,ca?olics & unpr9cipl$ ,democrats d5y1 7
 publi%$ 9 ,engl& by ,ar*bi%op ,u%]1 ^: 
correctness & reliability is equal to t 
( any man4 ,^! oa?s w be f\nd 9 a volume
 entitl$ ,foxes & ,firebr&s1 f a        
collection ( pap]s by ,ar*bi%op ,u%]1 & 
x is !re /at$ t x rema9s on record at   
,p>is1 among ! ,society ( ,jesus1 & 0   
drawn up 9 t =m to ,,urban ,,viii41 9   
#afdb1 :5 he reviv$ ! bull ( ,pi\s ,v41 
:i* _h slumb]$ sev5ty-?ree ye>s4 ,^!    
oa?s1 z publi%$1 conta9 no?+ :i* is n   
taught by ,popes & ,c\ncils1 ,prie/s &  
,jesuits4 ,exam9e ^! oa?s1 & ?is curse1 
& answ] u ! "q1 ,c m5 tak+ !m1 &        

subscrib+ to _! doctr9es1 make citiz5s (
 ?is ,republic8   ,,oa? ,,( ,,!         
,,bi%ops4       ,i1 ,g4 ,n41 elect ( !  
*ur* ( ,n41 f h5ce=? w be      fai?ful &
 ob$i5t to ,/4 ,pet] ! ,apo/le1 & to !  
holy ,roman ,*ur*1 & to our "l1 ! "l ,n4
 ,pope ,n41 & to      8 successors      
canonically com+ 94 ,i w nei!r advise1  
cons5t1 nor d any ?+ t !y may lose life 
or memb]1 or      t _! p]sons may be    
seiz$ or h&s anywise laid ^u      !m1 or
 any injuries (f]$ to !m1 "u any pret5ce
      :atsoev]4 ,! c\nsel :i* !y %all   
intru/ me )al by      !mselves1 _!      
mess5g]s1 or lett]s1 ,i w n kn[+ly      
reveal to any to _! prejudice4 ,i w help
 !m to def5d      & keep ! ,roman       
,papacy & ! royalties ( ,/4 ,pet]1      
sav+ my ord] aga9/ all m54 ,! legate ( !
 ,apo/olic      see1 go+ & com+1 ,i w   
honorably treat1 & help 9 8             
necessities4 ,! rights1 honors1         
privileges1 & au?ority (      ! holy    
,roman ,*ur*1 ( our "l ! ,pope1 & 8     
a=esaid      successors1 ,i w endeavor  

to pres]ve1 def5d1 increase1 &          
advance4 ,i w n be 9 any c\ncil1 action1
 or treaty1 9      :i* %all be plott$   
aga9/ our said "l & ! said ,roman       
,*ur*1 any ?+ to ! hurt or prejudice (  
_! p]sons1      "r1 honor1 /ate1 or p[]2
 & if ,i %all "k any su*      ?+ to be  
treat$ or agitat$ by any :omsoev]1 ,i w 
h9d] x all t ,i c2 & z soon z ,i c1 w   
signify x      to our said "l1 or to "s 
o!r1 by :om x may come to 8      k4 ,!  
rules ( ! ,holy ,fa!rs1 ! ,apo/olic     
decrees1 ord9ances1 or disposals1       
res]vations1 provisions1      & m&ates1 
,i w obs]ve ) all my might1 & cause by  
o!rs4 ,h]etics1 ,s*ismatics1 & ,rebels  
to our said "l1 or      8 a=esaid       
successors1 ,i w to ! utmo/ ( my p[]    
p]secute & oppose4 ,i w come to a c\ncil
 :5 ,i am      call$1 unless ,i am h9d]$
 by a canonical imp$im5t4 ,i w1      by 
myself 9 p]son1 visit ! ?re%old ( !     
,apo/les e      ?ree ye>s2 & give an    
acc\nt to our "l1 & 8 a=esaid           
successors1 ( all my pa/oral (fice1 & ( 

all ?+s      anywise belong+ to ! /ate (
 my *ur*1 to ! discipl9e      ( my cl]gy
 & p1 &1 la/ly1 to ! salvation ( s\ls   
committ$ to my tru/2 & w1 9 l mann]1    
humbly receive      & dilig5tly execute 
! ,apo/olic comm&s4 ,& if ,i be         
deta9$ by a lawful imp$im5t1 ,i w p]=m  
all ?+s      a=esaid by a c]ta9 mess5g] 
h]eto specially emp[]$1 a      memb] (  
my ,*apt] or "s o!r 9 ecclesia/ical     
dignity1      or else hav+ a p>sonage2  
or 9 default ( ^!1 by a prie/      ( !  
diocese2 or 9 default ( "o ( ! cl]gy1 7(
 !      diocese17 by "s o!r secul> or   
regul> prie/ ( approv$      integrity & 
religion1 fully in/ruct$ 9 all ?+s above
      m5tion$4 ,& su* imp$im5t ,i w make
 out by lawful      pro(s1 to be        
transmitt$ by ! a=esaid mess5g] to !    
,c>d9al propon5t ( ! holy ,roman ,*ur*1 
9 !      ,congregation ( ! ,sacr$       
,c\ncil4 ,! possessions belong+      to 
my table1 ,i w nei!r sell nor give away1
 mortgage nor      grant anew 9 fee1 nor
 anywise ali5ate1 no1 n ev5 )           

cons5t ( ! ,*apt] ( my ,*ur*1 )\t       
consult+ !      ,roman ,pontiff4 ,& if  
,i %all make any ali5ation1 ,i w        
!reby incur ! p5alties conta9$ 9 a c]ta9
 ,con/itution      put =? ab\t ?is      
matt]4       ,s help me ,god1 & ^! holy 
,gospels ( ,god4   ,,oa? ,,( ,,!        
,,prie/s4       ,i1 ,a4 ,b41 d ackn[l$ge
 ! ecclesia/ical p[] ( 8      hol9ess2 &
 ! "m ,*ur* ( ,rome1 z ! *ief head &    
matron above all pret5d$ *ur*es ?r\gh\t 
! :ole e>?2      & t my zeal %all be =  
,/4 ,pet] & 8 successors1 z      ! f\nd]
 ( ! true & anci5t ,ca?olic fai?1 aga9/ 
all      h]etical k+s1 pr9ces1 /ates1 or
 p[]s repugnant to !      same2 & al?\gh
 ,i1 ,a4 ,b41 may foll[1 9 case (       
p]secution      or o!rwise1 to be       
h]etically despis$1 yet 9 s\l &         
consci5ce ,i %all hold1 aid1 & succor ! 
"m ,*ur* (      ,rome1 z ! true1 anci5t1
 & apo/olic ,*ur*4 ,i1 ,a4 ,b41         
fur!r d decl>e n to act or control any  
matt] or ?+      prejudicial unto h]1 9 
h] sacr$ ord]s1 doctr9es1 t5ets1      or

 comm&s1 )\t leave ( its supreme p[] or 
its      au?ority1 "u h] appo9t$2 & be+ 
s p]mitt$1 !n to      act & fur!r h]    
int]e/s m ?an my own e>?ly good &       
e>?ly pleasure1 z %e & h] ,head1 8      
,hol9ess1 & 8      successors h1 or     
ought to h1 ! supremacy ov] all         
k+s1 pr9ces1 e/ates1 or p[]s :atsoev]1  
ei!r to      deprive !m ( _! cr[ns1     
sceptres1 p[]s1 privileges1      realms1
 c\ntries1 or gov]nm5ts1 or to set up   
o!rs 9 lieu      !re(2 !y diss5t+ f ! "m
 ,*ur* & h]      comm&s4   ,,oa? ,,( ,,!
 ,,jesuits       ,i1 ,a4 ,b41 n[ 9 !    
pres5ce ( ,almighty ,god1 ! bless$      
,virg9 ,m>y1 ! bless$ ,mi*ael !         
,ar*angel1 ! bless$ ,/4      ,john !    
,bapti/1 ! holy apo/les ,/4 ,pet] & ,/4 
,paul1 &      all ! sa9ts & ho/s (      
heav51 & to y my gho/ly      fa!r1 d    
decl>e f my he>t1 )\t m5tal res]vation1 
t 8 ,hol9ess ,pope ---- is ,*ri/'s ,vic>
 ,g5]al1 & is      ! true & only ,head (
 ! ,ca?olic or univ]sal ,*ur*           
?r\gh\t ! e>?2 & by ! virtue ( ! keys ( 

b9d+      & loos+1 giv5 to 8 ,hol9ess by
 my ,savi\r ,jesus ,*ri/1      he ha?   
p[] to depose h]etical k+s1 pr9ces1     
/ates1      commonweal?s1 & gov]nm5ts1  
all be+ illegal )\t 8      sacr$        
confirmation1 & t !y may safely be      
de/roy$3      ,,!re=e1 to ! utmo/ ( my  
p[]1 ,i %all & w def5d      ?is doctr9e1
 & 8 ,hol9ess' rights & cu/oms1 aga9/   
all usurp]s ( ! h]etical 7or ,prote/ant7
 au?ority      :atsoev]2 especially     
aga9/ ! n[ pret5d$ au?ority &      ,*ur*
 ( ,engl&1 & all adh]5ts1 9 reg>d t !y &
      %e be usurpal & h]etical1 oppos+ !
 sacr$ "m ,*ur*      ( ,rome1 ,i d      
r5\nce & dis[n any allegiance z due to  
,prote/ants1 or ob$i5ce to any ( _!     
inf]ior magi/rates      or (fic]s1 ,i d 
fur!r decl>e ! doctr9e ( ! ,*ur* (      
,engl&1 ! ,calv9i/s1 ,hugu5ots1 & ( o!rs
 ( ! "n      ,prote/ants1 to be         
damnable1 & t !y !mselves are           
damn$1 & to be damn$1 t w n =sake !     
same4 ,i d      fur!r decl>e1 t ,i w    
help1 assi/1 & advise all or      any ( 

8 ,hol9ess' ag5ts1 9 any place :]ev] ,i 
%all be1      9 ,engl&1 ,scotl&1 &      
,irel&1 or 9 any o!r t]ritory or        
k+dom ,i %all come to1 & d my utmo/ to  
extirpate !      h]etical ,prote/ant's  
doctr9e1 & to de/roy all _!      pret5d$
 p[]s1 regal or o!rwise4 ,i d fur!r     
promise &      decl>e1 t not)/&+ ,i am  
disp5s$ )1 to assume      any religion  
h]etical1 = ! propagat+ ( ! "m          
,*ur*'s int]e/1 to keep secret & private
 all h] ag5ts'      c\nsels1 f "t to "t1
 z !y intru/ me1 & n to      divulge1   
directly or indirectly1 by ^w1 writ+1 or
      circum/ance1 :atev]1 b to execute 
all t %all be      propos$1 giv5 9 *>ge1
 or discov]$ unto me1 by y my           
gho/ly fa!r1 or any ( ?is sacr$ conv5t4 
,all :i*1 ,i1 ,a4      ,b41 d swe>1 by !
 bless$ ,sacram5t ,i am n[ to receive1  
to      p]=m1 & on my "p to keep        
inviolable2 & d call all !      heav5ly 
& glori\s ho/ ( heav5 to witness ^! my  
real      int5tions to keep ?is1 my oa?4
 ,9 te/imony h]e(1 ,i take      ?is mo/ 

holy & bless$ sacram5t ( ! ,eu*>i/1 &   
witness ! same fur!r ) my h& & seal1 9 !
 face (      ?is holy conv5t ?is        
day--,an4 ,dom41 etc4   ,,oa? ,,( ,,!   
,,san ,,f$i/i4       ,i1 ,son ( ! ,holy 
,fai?1 ,no4 --1 promise & swe> to su/a9 
! alt> & ! ,papal ?rone1 to ext]m9ate   
h]etics1      lib]als1 & all enemies ( !
 ,*ur*1 )\t pity = !      cries (       
*ildr51 or ( m5 & wom54 ,s help me ,god4
   ,,oa? ,,( ,,! ,,iri% ,,ribbon-,,m54  
,i1 ,patrick ,mc,kenna1 swe> by ,sa9ts  
,pet] & ,paul1 & by !      bless$ ,virg9
 ,m>y1 to be always fai?ful to !        
,society 7(      ,ribbon-m572 to keep & 
conceal all ! secrets1 & its words      
( ord]2 to be always ready to execute ! 
comm&s ( my      sup]ior (fic]s1 &1 z f>
 z x %all lie 9 my p[]1 to              
extirpate all h]etics1 & ,,all ,,!      
,,prote/ants1 & to walk 9      _! blood 
to ! knee6 ,may ! ,virg9 ,m>y & all     
sa9ts      help me6 ,to-day1 ! #b;d (   
,july1 #aheb4       ,,pat4 ,,mck5na1 f  
,tydav5et4  ,! foll[+ are ! curses      

pron\nc$ by ! ,papal ,*ur* aga9/ all :o 
leave x = any ,evangelical ,*ur*3   ,,! 
,,romi% ,,curse4       ,by ! au?ority ( 
,god ,almighty1 ! ,fa!r1 ,son1 & ,holy  
,gho/1 & ! undefil$ ,virg9 ,m>y1 "m &   
patroness (      our ,savi\r1 & ( all   
cele/ial virtues1 ,angels1 ,ar*angels1  
,?rones1 ,dom9ions1 ,p[]s1 ,*]ubim1 &   
,s]aphim2 & ( all      ! ,holy          
,patri>*s1 ,prophets1 & ( all ! ,apo/les
 &      ,evangeli/s1 ( ! ,holy          
,innoc5ts1 :o 9 ! sight ( !      ,holy  
,lamb are f\nd wor?y to s+ ! new song ( 
! ,holy      ,m>tyrs & ,holy            
,confessors1 & ( all ! ,holy ,virg9s1 & 
( all ,sa9ts toge!r ) ! holy elect (    
,god2 may he1      ----1 be damn$4 ,we  
excommunicate & ana!matize him f !      
?re%old ( ! ,holy ,*ur* ( ,god          
,almighty4 ,we seque/] him1      t lie  
may be torm5t$1 dispos$1 & be deliv]$   
ov] )      ,da?an & ,abiram1 & ) ^? :o  
say unto ! ,"l3      ',dep>t f u1 we    
desire none ( ?y ways3' z a fire is     
qu5*$ ) wat]1 s let ! light ( him be put

 out =      ev]more1 unless he %all     
rep5t him & make satisfaction4          
,am56       ,may ! ,fa!r1 :o creates    
man1 curse him6 ,may ! ,son1 :o         
suff]$ = u1 curse him6 ,may ! ,holy     
,gho/1 :o is p\r$      out 9 ,baptism1  
curse him6 ,may ! ,holy ,cross1 :i*     
,*ri/1      = our salvation1 triumph+   
ov] 8 enemies1 asc5d$1 curse      him6  
,may ! ,holy ,m>y1 ev] virg9 & "m (     
,god1 curse him6      ,may ,/4 ,mi*ael1 
! advocate ( ! ,holy ,s\ls1 curse him6  
,may      all ! ,angels1 ,pr9cipalities1
 & ,p[]s1 & all ,heav5ly      ,armies1  
curse him6 ,may ! glori\s b& ( !        
,patri>*s &      ,prophets curse him6   
,may ,/4 ,john ! ,precursor1 & ,/4 ,john
 ! ,bapti/1 & ,/4      ,pet]1 & ,/4     
,paul1 & ,/4 ,&rew1 & all o!r ( ,*ri/'s 
,apo/les toge!r1 curse him6 ,& may all !
 re/ ( !      ,disciples & ,evangeli/s1 
:o1 by _! prea*+ conv]t$      ! univ]se1
 & ! holy & wond]ful company ( ,m>tyrs &
      ,confessors1 :o by _! works are   
f\nd pleas+ to ,god      ,almighty1     

curse him6 ,may ! holy *oir ( ! ,holy   
,virg9s1      :o = ! honor ( ,*ri/ h    
despis$ ! ?+s ( !      _w1 damn him6    
,may all ! sa9ts f ! beg9n+ ( !      _w 
to ev]la/+ ages1 :o are f\nd to be      
belov$ ( ,god1      damn him6       ,may
 he be damn$ :]ev] he be1 :e!r 9 ! h\se1
 or 9      ! alley1 or 9 ! wat]1 or 9 ! 
*ur*6 ,may he be curs$      9 liv+ &    
dy+6       ,may he be curs$ 9 eat+ &    
dr9k+1 9 be+ hungry1 9      be+ ?ir/y1 9
 fa/+1 & sleep+1 9 slumb]+1 & 9         
sitt+1 9 liv+1 9 work+1 9 re/+1 & 99 99 
99 & 9      blood-lett+4       ,may he  
be curs$ 9 all ! faculties ( 8 body6    
,may he be curs$ inw>dly & outw>dly6    
,may he be curs$ 9      8 hair2 curs$ be
 he 9 8 bra9s1 & 9 8 v]tex1 9 8         
temples1 9 8 eyebr[s1 9 8 *eeks1 9 8    
jaw-bones1 9      8 no/rils1 9 8 tee? & 
gr9d]s1 9 8 lips1 9 8      %\ld]s1 9 8  
arms1 9 8 f+]s6       ,may he be damn$ 9
 8 m\?1 9 8 brea/1 9 8 he>t1      &     
purt5ances1 d[n to ! v /oma*6       ,may
 he be curs$ 9 8 re9s & 8 gro9s2 9 8    

?ighs1      9 8 g5itals1 & 9 8 hips1 & 9
 8 knees1 8 legs1      & 8 feet1 &      
toe-nails6       ,may he be curs$ 9 all 
8 jo9ts1 & articulation ( !      memb]s2
 f ! cr[n ( 8 head to ! soles ( 8 feet  
may !re be no s\ndness6       ,may !    
,son ( ! liv+ ,god1 ) all ! glory ( ,8  
,maje/y1 curse him6 ,& may heav51 ) all 
! p[]s t      move !re91 rise up aga9/  
him1 & curse & damn him2      unless he 
rep5t & make satisfaction6 ,am56 ,s be  
x4 ,be x      s4 ,am56  ,n[1 we ask all 
c&id m5 ^: eyes h n be5 bl9d$ by ! du/ (
 ,pop]y & ,democracy1 c a ,bi%op or     
,prie/1 a ,jesuit or ,ca?olic1 ) ^! oa?s
 ^u _! s\ls1 be true ,am]ican citiz5s8  
,n )\t ! guilt ( p]jury1 z black z !    
alt> ( a ,roman ,confessional6 ,& if    
guilty ( su* p]jury1 ! p5it5ti>y %\ld be
 _! canonical resid5ce = life6 ,/range  
to say1 h[ev]1 ! ,*ief ,ju/ice ( !      
,unit$ ,/ates1 ,rog] ,b4 ,taney1 is a   
,roman ,ca?olic6 ,g54 ,pi]ce's          
,po/ma/]-,g5]al1 ,james ,campbell1 is   
bo? a ,roman ,ca?olic1 & a memb] ( !    

,ord] ( ,jesuits1 hav+ tak5 ?is v oa?6  
,roman ,ca?olics are n[ on ! ,f$]al ,b5*
 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates3 ,roman ,ca?olics    
fill ! (fices ( ,attorneys-g5]al2 ,roman
 ,ca?olics repres5t ?is ,gov]nm5t       
abroad2 & ,roman ,ca?olics fill         
po/-(fices1 l&-(fices1 & a v>iety (     
(fices at home1 out ( :i* ,prote/ants 7 
driv5 by ,pi]ce's ,adm9i/ration1 to make
 room = !m6     ,,lett] ,,f ,,?omas ,a4 
,r4 ,,nelson1 ,,esq4   ,?is g5tleman1 an
 able lawy] ( ,ea/ ,t5nessee1 a memb] ( 
! ,presbyt]ian ,*ur*1 & a memb] ( !     
,am]ican p>ty1 0 nom9at$ an ,elector = !
 ,/ate ( ,t5nessee at l>ge1 by !        
,am]ican ,/ate ,conv5tion at ,na%ville1 
9 ,febru>y la/4 ,?\gh an ard5t          
,am]ican--a great fri5d ( ,mr4          
,fillmore--& a memb] ( ! late           
,philadelphia ,conv5tion1 & aid$ 9 !    
nom9ation ( ,maj4 ,donelson1 he has be5 
reluctantly compell$ to decl9e !        
position ( ,elector4 ,"u date ( ,may    
#cj1 #ahef1 he address$ a lett] ( n9e   
columns1 ( great =ce & ability1 to      

,messrs4 ,a4 ,w4 ,johnson1 ,rob]t ,c4   
,fo/]1 #c;d41 ,john ,h4 ,call5d]1       
,william ,n4 ,bilbo1 ,sam'l4 ,prit*ett1 
& ,e4 ,d4 ,f>nswor?1 ,/ate ,executive   
,committee ( ! ,am]ican ,p>ty1          
,na%ville1 ,t5nessee1 decl9+ ! position4
 ,al?\gh we regret 8 inability to s]ve1 
z d ! :ole p>ty 9 ?is ,/ate1 yet1 if 8  
lett] c\ld be plac$ 9 ! h&s ( e vot] 9 !
 ,/ate1 we w\ld be will+ to risk !      
conte/ )\t fur!r discussion4 ,su* is our
 e/imate ( ?is docum5t4 ,= ! b5efit (   
,old ,l9e ,:igs1 & su* ,democrats z are 
dispos$ to excuse & apologise =         
,romanism1 we give ! f\r conclud+       
columns ( ?is lett]4 ,! five prec$+     
columns are ma9ly occupi$ ) an outl9e & 
def5ce ( ! action ( ! ,philadelphia     
,nom9at+ ,conv5tion1 & a discussion ( ! 
slav]y "q--que/ions we _h discuss$ 9 ?is
 "w be=e ?is docum5t came to h&4 ,mr4   
,nelson concludes ?us3       ,! ,=eign]s
 & ,ca?olics 7 directly appeal$ to 9 !  
,presid5tial elections ( #ahdh & #aheb4 
,:o does n rememb]      t1 imm$iately   

prec$+ ! election 9 #ahdd1 fraudul5t    
naturalization pap]s 7 manufactur$ 9    
,new ,york8 ,:o has      =gott5 !       
,plaquem9es fraud 9 ,l\isiana8 ,:o has n
 he>d      ( ! abuse ( ,mr4 ,frel+huys5 
= no o!r cause ?an t      he 0 !        
,presid5t ( ! ,am]ican ,bible ,society8 
,b1 )\t dwell+ ^u o!r illu/rations1 look
 to !      ,democratic plat=m ( #aheb1 &
 read ! #h? section ( !      ?ird       
resolution1 :i* is 9 ! foll[+ words3    
',t ! lib]al pr9ciples embodi$ by       
,jeff]son 9 !      ,decl>ation (        
,indep5d5ce & sanction$ 9 !             
,con/itution1      :i* makes ours ! l& (
 lib]ty & ! asylum ( !      oppress$ ( e
 nation1 h ev] be5 c>d9al pr9ciples     
9 ! ,democratic fai?1 & e attempt to    
abridge !      pres5t privilege ( becom+
 citiz5s & ! own]s ( soil      among u1 
ought to be resi/$ ) ! same _s :i* swept
      ! ali5 & s$ition laws f our /atute
 books4'       ,dur+ ! la/ election 9   
,t5nessee1 x 0 (t5 said by              
,democrats t !y 7 j z mu* oppos$ to !   

immigration ( =eign crim9als & paup]s z 
memb]s ( !      ,am]ican p>ty1 b w\ld n 
atta* !mselves to ! latt]      because (
 _! objections to its organization4 ,b !
      ,democratic ,plat=m ( #aheb       
conta9s no exception aga9/      crim9als
 & paup]s4 ,! naturalization laws h1 9  
practice1 be5 f\nd inadequate to _!     
exclusion1 & !      plat=m1 9 effect1   
av[s unqualifi$ adh]5ce to !m      )\t  
abridgem5t or modification4       ,^!   
laws are1 9 sub/ance1 decl>$ to h 'ev]  
be5      c>d9al pr9ciples 9 !           
,democratic fai?4' ,by its own          
av[al1 ! ,democratic p>ty is responsible
 = giv+      enc\ragem5t to ! :ole      
policy ( =eign immigration4 ,if      t  
policy has flood$ ! c\ntry ) crim9als & 
paup]s2      if x has produc$ riots &   
blood%$ 9 our l>ge cities2 if      x has
 endang]$ ! religi\s z well z ! civil   
lib]ty (      ,prote/ants2 if x has     
swell$ ! ranks ( ,abolition &      fann$
 ! flame ( ,agitation--! ,democratic    
p>ty1 by its own      av[al1 is am5able 

at ! b> ( public op9ion = ^!      a/\nd+
 & deplorable results4 ,reckless (      
consequ5ces1 x      has p]sev]$ 9 a     
sy/em haz>d\s to ! /ability ( our       
in/itutions1 because t sy/em has        
annually swell$ !      numb] ( its      
adh]5ts1 & increas$ ! *ances ( its      
p]petual asc5d5cy4       ,)\t adv]t+ to 
! c5sus tables1 or repeat+ ^?           
famili> facts connect$ ) ! /ati/ics (   
immigration      :i* h be5 s ext5sively 
publi%$1 x is suffici5t to      obs]ve  
t1 "u ?is cont9u$ patronage ( !         
,democratic      p>ty1 ! immigration (  
=eign]s has increas$ f a few      ?\s&s1
 tw5ty ye>s ago1 to ne>ly half a million
 9 #ahed4       ,b ! ,democratic p>ty _c
 ju/ly claim ! exclusive      honor (   
project+ or c>ry+ out ! sy/em4 ,m ?an   
tw5ty ye>s ago1 ! ,duke ( ,ri*mond      
decl>$1 9 sub/ance1      t he _h conv]s$
 ) mo/ ( ! sov]eigns & pr9ces      (    
,europe2 t !y 7 jeal\s ( ! influ5ce (   
our      republican in/itutions ^u _!   
own ,gov]nm5t2 t !y      did n expect to

 conqu] u z a nation1 b design$ !       
subv]sion ( our ,gov]nm5t by !          
introduction ( ! l[ &      surplus      
population ( ,europe among u2 t         
'discord1      diss5sion1 an>*y1 & civil
 w> w\ld ensue1 & "s      popul>        
individual w\ld assume ! gov]nm5t &     
re/ore      ord]1 & ! sov]eigns (       
,europe1 ! emigrants1 & _m (      !     
natives1 w\ld su/a9 him4' ,he also said1
 9 speak+ (      ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 t '!  
,*ur* ( ,rome has a design ^u      t    
c\ntry1 & x w1 9 "t1 be ! e/abli%$      
religion1 & w aid 9 ! de/ruction ( t    
republic4'       ,^! /atem5ts ( ! ,duke 
( ,ri*mond are abundantly               
corroborat$ by o!r decl>ations1 z well z
 ! mo/      und5iable facts :i* h       
occurr$ s9ce _! promulgation4       ,i h
 9 my possession1 among v>i\s o!rs1 two 
small books      publi%$ by '! ,am]ican 
& ,=eign ,*ri/ian ,union1' #aef         
,*amb]s /reet1 ,new ,york1 ! "o entitl$ 
',=eign      ,conspiracy1' ! o!r1       
',/>tl+ ,facts1' bo? ( :i*1 z ,i        

inf] f _! cont5ts1 7 writt5 9 ! ye>     
#ahcd1 long      be=e ! ,am]ican p>ty _h
 an exi/5ce4 ,! "w entitl$      ',=eign 
,conspiracy' is compos$ ( a s]ies (     
articles      orig9ally publi%$1 ov] !  
signature ( ,brutus1 9 ! ,new      ,york
 ,obs]v]4 ,!y n[ appe> ) ! "n ( ! au?or1
      ,,samuel ,f4 ,b4 ,,morse4 ,8      
object 9 writ+ ! "w 0 to      ar\se     
public att5tion to ! ef=ts !n be+ made 9
      ,europe to propagate ! ,ca?olic   
religion 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1      & to %[
 its dang] to our republican            
in/itutions4 ,he      traces ! orig9 ( !
 ,leopold ,f\ndation 9 ,au/ria1 "u      
! especial patronage ( ! ,emp]or at     
,vi5na on ! #ab?      ,may1 #ahbi1 & %[s
 t "o ( its lead+ objects 0 'to         
promote ! great] activity ( ,ca?olic    
missions 9 ,am]ica4'       ,! lett] (   
,pr9ce ,mett]ni* to ,bi%op ,f5wi*1 (    
,c9c9nati1 "u date1 ,vi5na1 ,april #bg1 
#ahcj1 is set out at      l5g?2 &1 9 t  
lett]1 ! ,pr9ce in=ms ! ,bi%op1         
among o!r ?+s1 t ! ,emp]or 'all[s 8 p to

      contribute to ! support ( !       
,ca?olic ,*ur* 9 ,am]ica4'      ,num]\s 
quotations are made f ! lett]s ( ,=eign 
,bi%ops 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates to _! patrons 
at home1 &1      among ! re/1 on page   
#he1 is ! foll[+ /atem5t1 made by       
"o ( !m1 9 reg>d to ! p ( ! ,unit$      
,/ates3 ',we      entreat all ,european 
,*ri/ians to unite 9 pray] to ,god =    
! conv]sion ( ^! unhappy hea!n & ob/9ate
      h]etics4' ,b1 =be>+ to multiply   
quotations f ?is      little "w1        
admirable 9 mo/ ( its positions1 my ma9 
object1 9 cit+ x1 0 to make ! foll[+    
extract1 f      page #ae ( ! preface1   
tak5 by ! au?or f ! lectures      ( !   
celebrat$ ,fr$]ick ,s*legel1 deliv]$ at 
,vi5na 9      #ahbh1 :]e t di/+ui%$     
=eign] says1 ',! true      nurs]y ( all 
^! de/ructive pr9ciples1 ! revolution>y 
s*ool = ,france & ! re/ ( ,europe1 has  
be5 ,nor?      ,am]ica4 ,!nce ! evil has
 spread ov] _m o!r l&s1      ei!r by    
national contagion or by arbitr>y       
communication2'      & also ! foll[+    

quotation1 f page #aah ( ,mr4 ,morse's  
book3 ',au/ria1 "o ( ! ,holy ,alliance (
 sov]eigns1 leagu$      aga9/ ! lib]ties
 ( ! _w1 has ! sup]9t5d5ce (      !     
op]ations ( ,pop]y 9 ?is c\ntry4'       
,9 ! tract entitl$ ',/>tl+ ,facts =     
,am]ican      ,prote/ants1' writt5 9 !  
ye> #ahcd1 by ,,rev4 ,,h]man ,,norton1  
,correspond+ ,secret>y ( ! ,am]ican     
,prote/ant ,society1      f pages #bg to
 #ci1 an acc\nt is giv5 ( a ,london     
pamphlet      entitl$ ',new ,plan (     
,emigration1' ! production ( a ,roman   
,ca?olic g5tleman1 a ,london ,bank]2 9  
:i* a project =      occupy+ ! ,nor?    
,we/]n ,/ates ) ! ,roman ,ca?olic       
population ( ,europe1 is unfold$1 toge!r
 ) a map ( !      c\ntry1 &1 among o!r  
?+s1 x is said1 on page #bi3 ',!        
fir/ settlem5ts %\ld be made 9 ^? f]tile
 prairie      di/ricts situat$ on !     
s\!rn sides ( ! ,canadian lakes1        
:]e slav]y is unkn[n4 ,on page #bh1 !   
objects ( ?is      society1 z set =? 9  
?is pamphlet1 are /at$ to be1       '#a4

 ,to provide ! means = coloniz+ !       
surplus ,roman      ,ca?olic population 
( ,europe 9 our ,we/]n ,/ates4          
'#b4 ,to d ?is 9 su* a way z to create a
 l>ge dem& =      articles ( ,briti%    
manufacture4       '#c4 ,to make        
,romanism ! pr$om9ant religion ( ?is    
c\ntry4'       ,! c5sus tables w %[ t1  
s9ce ^! plans 7 set      on foot1 9     
,engl& & 9 ,europe1 to break d[n our    
gov]nm5t1 !re has be5 an a/oni%+        
increase 9 !      =eign immigration to  
?is c\ntry4 ,great z x 0 prior to      !
 ,revolutions 9 ,europe 9 #ahdh1 x has  
be5 amaz+ly      augm5t$ s9ce t "t4     
,millions ( =eign money h be5           
collect$ 9 ,europe & exp5d$ s9ce !      
organization ( !      society = !       
propagation ( ! fai?1 at ,lyons 9       
,france1      ab\t ! ye> #ahbb1 9 !     
,unit$ ,/ates4 ,:ile an ,au/rian        
,emp]or has _h ! *>ge1 9 a good degree1 
( !      propagation ( ! ,ca?olic       
religion 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 !           
public au?orities 9 v>i\s p>ts ( ,europe

 h defray$ !      exp5ses ( _! crim9als 
& paup]s to ?is c\ntry1 z 0      cle>ly 
%[n by ,congressional inve/igations4    
,:at d ^! facts prove8 ,:y1 t !         
decl>ation ( !      ,duke ( ,ri*mond1 t 
! cr[n$ heads ( ,europe int5d$ to       
subv]t our gov]nm5t1 0 true4 ,:at m d !y
 prove8 ,:y1      t ! ef=t to e/abli% ! 
,ca?olic religion 9 ?is      c\ntry has1
 = m ?an tw5ty ye>s1 be5 conduct$ )     
/eady p]sev]ance1 until ! ,ca?olics1 :o1
 9 #ahej1 7      m num]\s1 z ! c5sus    
comp5dium %[s1 ?an any "o               
d5om9ation ( ,me?odi/s1 are n[ no d\bt  
/rong] ?an all      ! ,me?odi/s put     
toge!r1 & /rong] ?an any o!r            
d5om9ation ( ,prote/ants4       ,:ile ^!
 publications h be5 be=e ! ,am]ican p   
= m ?an tw5ty ye>s1 ,democratic lead]s h
 receiv$1      ) op5 arms1 ! sw>ms (    
=eign]s :o h settl$ ^u      our %ores4  
,:at c>e !y = ! slav]y "q1 :5      !y h 
se5 ?is =eign immigration1 accord+ to ! 
plan      conc]t$ 9 ,engl&1 settl+ 9 !  
non-slavehold+ ,/ates1      & e ye>     

increas+ ! ,abolition p[]8 ,:at c>e !y  
= ! ,prote/ant religion1 if ! ,ca?olics 
c only give      !m ! num]ical /r5g? at 
! ballot-box8 ,:at reg>d h      !y = !  
pres]vation ( our lib]ties1 :5 ,european
      despots are seek+ to und]m9e !m1  
if ^? despots only      s5d su*         
myrmidons z w %\t hosannas to ,democracy
 &      drive f ! polls peaceful        
,am]ican citiz5s :o oppose      !m8 ,is 
! pres]vation ( ! ,union a matt] ( any  
consequ5ce to !m8 ,d !y n 9 vision      
behold its scatt]$      fragm5ts &      
contemplate new conf$]acies1 ) ho/s (   
new      (fices & millions ( spoil8     
,c any "o d\bt t ! ,democratic p>ty is 9
 league )      all ! dang]\s elem5ts t h
 di/urb$ & are      cont9u+ to di/urb   
our once peaceful & happy c\ntry1 &     
t !y /ickle at no?+ :5 votes are at     
/ake8       ,look to _! conduct 9 runn+ 
,mr4 ,polk z a t>iff man 9      ! ,nor?1
 & an anti-t>iff man 9 ! ,s\?6 ,look to 
! two      lives ( ,cass4 ,look to _!   
equivocal position z to slav]y      & ! 

,union4 ,look to _! appeals to =eign]s &
      ,ca?olics by "n 9 ! elections (   
#ahdd & #aheb1 &      probably 9 #ahdh4 
,look to _! alliance ) ,free ,g]mans &  
,f\ri]ites1 ,free ,soil]s &             
,secessioni/s4 ,&1 above all1      look 
to ! mis]able cant ) :i* !y raise ! hue 
&      cry ( p]secution 9 favor ( !     
,ca?olics1 &1 indirectly1      d5y to   
,prote/ant m9i/]s ! "r to make w> ^u a  
huge      corporation1 call+ itself a   
*ur*1 deal+ 9 human s\ls1      reek+ ) !
 blood ( m>tyrs1 & begrim$ ) m ?an      
t5 c5turies ( oppression4       ,no     
wond] t !y h vilifi$ & d5\nc$ ! ,am]ican
      p>ty ) e t]m ( opprobrium t our   
vocabul>y c      furni%4 ,no wond] !y   
talk ( d>k lant]ns & secret oa?s      & 
midnight assemblies4 ,no wond] t !y     
/rive to fright5      _! foll[]s ) !    
notion t ! ,am]ican p>ty is a           
raw-head & bloody bones1 :i* %\ld be    
%unn$ & avoid$4      ,=1 if hone/ m5 ( t
 p>ty w only take ! tr\ble to      %ake 
(f ! control ( _! lead]s3 to ?9k1       

exam9e1 to      read1 reflect1 & act =  
!mselves1 !re are ?\s&s (               
,democrats 9 ! ,s\? :o w\ld scorn1 l !  
,am]ican      p>ty1 an alliance )       
,abolitioni/s1 & !re are t5s (          
?\s&s ( ,prote/ant ,union-lov+          
,democrats ev]y:]e1 :o      h only      
confid$ 91 to be deceiv$ & betray$ by1  
_!      lead]s1 &1 if !y discov]1 z x is
 hop$ !y w1 t      !y h br\ght !m to !  
crumbl+ v]ge ( an awful      precipice1 
!y h patriotism en\gh & ,prote/antism   
en\gh      to break away f !m r ?an make
 ! awful plunge4       ,i regret t ,i am
 admoni%$ by ! l5g? to :i* ,i h         
ext5d$ ?is communication1 t ,i _c n[    
discuss !      ,ca?olic "q1 z ,i _h hop$
 to d at ! outset1 & ,i      %all pres5t
 only a few disjo9t$ rem>ks 9 connection
 )      x4       ,! ,am]ican p>ty does n
 seek to impose any religi\s te/        
su* z prevail$ 9 ! reign ( ,*>les ,,ii41
 :5 two      ?\s& ,non-con=mi/ m9i/]s 7 
driv5 f _!      pulpits1 or su*1 z 9 !  
same reign1 0 impos$ ^u ,roman          

,ca?olics & cont9u$ f #afgc to #ahbh4 ,!
 ,am]ican p>ty      does n propose t any
 religi\s te/1 ( any k9d1 %all be       
impos$ by law1 ^u any p]son :atev]1 b x 
does seek to      organize a public     
s5tim5t on ! ,ca?olic "q1 j 9      !    
same mode t1 9 times pa/1 p>ties h s\ght
 to      organize public s5tim5t ^u !   
t>iff "q--! bank      "q--! int]nal     
improvem5t "q--! temp]ance      "q1 & e 
o!r "q :i* has be5 ! subject      (     
diff]5ce4 ,if x is lawful to say1 ,i w n
 vote = y      because y are a ,:ig1 x  
is equally lawful to say--,i w n        
vote = y because y are a =eign]4 ,if x  
is lawful to      say1 ,i w n vote = y  
because y are a ,democrat1 x is         
equally lawful to say1 ,i w n vote = y  
because y are      a ,ca?olic4          
,nei!r does ! ,am]ican p>ty propose1 9 !
 slighte/      degree1 to int]f]e ) any 
( ! rights secur$ to ,roman             
,ca?olics1 9 common ) o!rs1 by !        
,con/itution4 ,if !y      *oose to      
wor%ip a great ,,doll z ! ,virg9        

,m>y--to burn tall      wax-c&les 9     
daylight--to pray to ,god 9 an unkn[n   
tongue--to believe t a simple waf] is ! 
actual body1 &      common w9e ! v blood
 ( our ,savi\r--to en=ce !      celibacy
 ( ! cl]gy--to wor%ip ! ho/--to believe 
t      old toe-nails & pieces ( wood are
 preci\s relics--to      prev5t _! p f  
read+ ! ,bible--to refuse to s5d      _!
 *ildr5 to ,prote/ant s*ools--to reta9 !
      confessional & ! nunn]y--to p9 _! 
fai? to      unau!nticat$ traditions--to
 ass]t t !irs is ! only      true ,*ur*1
 & to p]petrate a ?\s& ridicul\s        
mumm]ies--! memb]s ( ! ,am]ican p>ty )  
"o accord      w say1 mole/ !m n1 di/urb
 !m n1 tr\ble !m n2      ! religi\s     
privileges ( ?is c\ntry are z free to !m
 z      !y are to u1 & we w n1 by law or
 by viol5ce1      int]rupt or int]f]e ) 
!m 9 ! slighte/ degree4 ,b      kn[+ t !
 ,ca?olic ,*ur* 0 = a ?\s& ye>s         
alli$ to ! ,/ate2 t x claim$ dom9ion1 9 
temporal z      well z spiritual        
affairs1 ov] ! k+s ( ! e>?2 t x         

reg>ds ! ,pope z ! ,viceg]5t ( !        
,almighty2 t he      we>s ! ti>a z !    
symbol ( 8 p[] 9 heav51 e>?1      &     
hell2 t ,romani/s treat all o!r         
pr(essions z      h]etics2 t its        
,ar*bi%ops1 ,bi%ops & ,prie/s are sworn 
to p]secute all :o diff] ) !m2 t !      
p]secut+      _s ( t ,*ur* has be5      
display$1 = c5turies1 9 !      mo/ odi\s
 acts ( cruelty z well z ! mo/ despotic 
tyranny t ev] curs$ ! e>?2 t fire &     
faggot1      confiscation & torture h   
be5 its favorite weapons2 t      no age1
 or sex or condition has be5 exempt f   
its inhuman      but*]ies & demoniac    
lu/s2 t x ext]m9at$ !      ,albig5ses & 
,wald5ses2 t x caus$ ! gutt]s ( ,p>is   
to run ) human blood on ,/4 ,b>?olomew's
 day2 t x      light$ ! fires (         
,smi?field2 t ?r\gh !      in/rum5tality
 ( ,tyrconnel & ,ca?olic & ,iri%        
,rappadees1      x p]petrat$ ! inhuman  
atrocities ( ! ,iri% ,massacres2      t1
 x drove ! ,hugu5ots f ,france1 & !     
,puritans f      ,engl&2 t x has        

delight$ 9 ! *a9s & dungeons (      !   
,inquisition1 & %\t$1 ) fi5di%          
exultation1 at !      cries & groans ( !
 victims 9 ! auto da fe2 t no           
republican gov]nm5t has ev] fl\ri%$ "u  
its sway2 t      x reg>ds ignorance z ! 
"m ( devotion1 & d5ies !      obligation
 ( an oa?2 t x gave rise to ! ,ord] (   
,jesuits1 ! mo/ dete/able sect t ! e>?  
has ev] se52      t1 9 ! mid/ ( ! blaze 
( ! n9ete5? c5tury1 x      has burn$ !  
,bible 9 ,am]ica & imprison$ m5 & wom5 9
      ,europe = no o!r (f5ce ?an t (    
read+ x2 t1      abus+ ! fre$om ( !     
press & spee* secur$ 9 !      ,unit$    
,/ates1 x unblu%+ly av[s t all          
,prote/antism is      h]esy--t x is a   
crime--& puni%$ 9 ,*ri/ian      c\ntries
 l ,spa9 & ,italy z a crime2 t x has    
bani%$ ! ,bible f ,prote/ant s*ools1 :5 
"u its      control2 t x has int]m$dl$ 9
 political elections1 &      is /ruggl+ 
= political p[]2 t x we>s a mask &      
claims to be h>mless 9 ?is c\ntry =     
pres5t effect1      al?\gh x has nev]   

r5\nc$ "o ( its dogmas 9 any            
au?oritative mode2 t x is typifi$1 9 !  
,bible1 z !      ,man ( ,s9 & ! ,great  
,:ore ( ,babylon2 t x comes to u      z 
an angel ( light1 b is alli$ ) ! ,pr9ce 
(      ,d>kness3 kn[+ all ^! ?+s1 &     
believ+ t !      ,roman ,ca?olic ,*ur*1 
n[ t x is cov]$ ) ! broad      w+s (    
,mod]n ,democracy1 p>takes ( its meat & 
is pamp]$      by its patronage1 is1    
inf9itely1 ! mo/ dang]\s political      
p[] ) :i* ! p ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates h ev]   
be5      compell$ to grapple1 ! ,am]ican
 p>ty invites all :o love      national 
lib]ty m ?an ,democracy2 :o pref] civil 
&      religi\s fre$om to ! spoils (    
(fice2 :o rev]e !      memory (         
,tyndale1 ,lu!r1 & ,calv92 ( ,cranm]1   
,latim]1 &      ,ridley2 ( ! sev5       
,bi%ops2 ( ,fox2 ( ! ,puritan fa!rs2    
( ,wesley & ,hall2 ( ! ,re=m]s &        
,prote/ants ( e      "n1 &1 m ?an all1 (
 our revolution>y ance/ors1 to      bur/
 ! fett]s ( p>ty & come to ! rescue ( _!
      ble$+ c\ntry1 ble$+ at e pore f   

w\nds inflict$      by ,democratic h&s1 
amid/ ! je]s ( ,european despots1 !     
%\ts ( =eign]s 9 our mid/1 & ! taunts & 
sne]s (      ,ca?olics & ,jesuits all   
ar\nd u6       ,let n ,prote/ant m9i/]s 
be intimidat$ by ! impud5t      assaults
 ( a v5al press1 or ! fi]ce d5unciations
 (      infuriat$ politicians1 f do+ _! 
:ole duty 9 !      pulpit & at ! polls4 
,no ,presbyt]ian has ev] d5i$ to a      
,me?odi/ ! "r to "q 8 religi\s fai?1 &  
no      ,me?odi/ w dispute ! "r ( o!r   
d5om9ations to      impugn 8 cre$4      
,me?odi/s h assail$ ! ,presbyt]ian      
doctr9e ( election4 ,presbyt]ians1 9    
turn1 h assail$      _! ideas (         
p]fection & fall+ f grace4 ,bo? h       
controv]t$ ! ,bapti/s' views ( imm]sion1
 & all h      d5i$ ! ,episcopalians'    
doctr9e ( apo/olic succession4      ,^! 
& _m o!r po9ts ( diff]5ce h1 f !        
f\ndation ( our gov]nm5t1 (t5 be5 !     
subjects (      e>ne/1 protract$1 &     
excit$ discussion2 b :5 did any         
,am]ican ,prote/ant ev] d5y to ano!r    

,am]ican ,prote/ant      ! con/itutional
 "r to diff] ) him 9 op9ion1 & to       
express t diff]5ce ?r\gh ! press1 9 !   
pulpit1 or      any o!r con/itutional   
mode8 ,yet1 x has be5 res]v$ =          
,democratic presses to attempt1 =       
electione]+ purposes1 to      curb !    
free _s ( ,prote/ant m9i/]s3 to d5\nce  
!m      z ,,rev]5d ,,hypocrites2 &1 :5  
behold+ at home &      abroad1 on ! l& &
 on ! sea1 among ,*ri/ians &            
,pagans1 9 ! halls ( legislation1 9     
*ur*es & s*ools1      9 free spee*1 & 9 
a free press1 & 9 t5 ?\s& o!r      =ms1 
! magnific5t & glori\s results ( !      
,re=mation1      to ask1 ) impud5t      
assurance1 ',,:at ,,has ,,prote/antism  
,,done      ,,= ,,! ,,_w8' ,n satisfi$ )
 ! /orm ( execration      :i* su* an    
infam\s int]rogatory produc$1 !         
,na%ville      ,union & ,am]ican1 !     
lead+ ,democratic pap] 9 ,t5nessee1     
9 a v abusive article entitl$ ',:at has 
x      accompli%$8' "u date ( ,april    
#bf1 #ahef1 ?us speaks1      among o!r  

?+s1 ( :at he /yles '! ,"k ,no?+        
,organization3'       ',x has done m ?an
 ?is3 x has gone into ! ,*ur* &         
,,conv]t$ ,,! ,,pulpit ,,into ,a        
,,political ,,ro/rum--x has turn$      !
 att5tion ( ! m9i/ry f ,,! ,,peaceful   
,,pa?s ,,(      ,,*ri/ianity ,,to ,,!   
,,ar5a ,,( ,,political ,,turmoil--x has 
pull$      d[n ! bann] ( ! ,cross1 &    
plac$ 9 its /ead ,,! ,,r$      ,,flag   
,,( ,,intol]ance ,,& ,,proscription4'   
,:ile ,prote/ant m9i/]s1 9 ! enjoym5t ( 
! rights      secur$ to !m by !         
,con/itution1 h1 z be=e /at$1      (t5  
engag$ 9 controv]sies ) ea* o!r z to _! 
diff]5ces 9 matt]s ( ,*ur* gov]nm5t &   
speculative      fai?1 !y h1 ) "o       
accord1 f ! f\ndation ( !      gov]nm5t1
 prea*$ & publi%$ _! views aga9/ !      
,roman ,ca?olic ,*ur*--:i* arrogates a  
sup]iority ov] !m      all1 & /igmatizes
 !m z sects--long be=e ! ,am]ican       
p>ty ev] _h an exi/5ce4 ,b because1 9 ! 
c\rse (      ev5ts1 x has become        
necess>y = politicians to inquire :at   

effect an ackn[l$gm5t ( ! temporal      
supremacy ( ! ,pope      may h ^u our   
free in/itutions1 ! ,democratic p>ty--if
      x is to be judg$ ( by its         
organ--w\ld gag ! ,prote/ant      cl]gy1
 d5y to !m a "r :i* !y h always ex]cis$1
      &1 if !y d>e to oppose ! colossal 
/rides ( ,rome1      d5\nce !m z hav+   
conv]t$ ! pulpit into a political       
ro/rum1' & z hav+ rais$ '! r$ flag (    
,intol]ance      & ,proscription4'      
,x is n = me to prescribe1 nor d ,i     
desire to dictate !      duty (         
,prote/ant m9i/]s2 b if1 9 ! comb9$     
ef=ts      :i* ! ,ca?olics h be5 mak+ "u
 ! patronage (      ,european despots & 
noblem51 & ! enc\ragem5t (              
,democratic demagogues 9 our own c\ntry1
 !y see t ?is      trem5d\s corporation 
has plant$ its foot/eps 9 all our       
l>ge cities--is possess+ itself ( !     
,nor?-,we/ & !      ,mississippi        
valley--& is encircl+ !m1 z x 71 ) a    
wall ( fire3 if !y see t ! newspap]s &  
p]iodicals      ( t corporation h       

publi%$ doctr9es 9 ?is free      c\ntry 
:i* !y w\ld sc>cely av[ 9 ! ,roman      
,ca?olic      c\ntries ( ,europe3 if1 9 
"o ^w1 !y believe t !y      are to be   
p]secut$ & ext]m9at$ by ,ca?olics1 or   
take      c>e ( !mselves be=e x is too  
late--!n ,prote/ant      m9i/]s1 agree+ 
z !y d 9 all great doctr9es1 &          
diff]+ only z to ^? :i* are n absolutely
 ess5tial1      w cease to disagree     
among !mselves1 at lea/ until aft]      
!y av]t a common dang]1 & w rally z a b&
 (      bre?r5 to resi/1 9 su* mode z !y
 may deem prop]1 !      encroa*m5ts & ! 
insults ( ,rome1 & all h] satellites    
& allies4       ,if ,i d n greatly err 9
 ! e/imate :i* ,i place ^u !            
,prote/ant cl]gym5 ( ,am]ica1 !         
,democratic p>ty & !      ,ca?olics w   
discov]1 soon] or lat]1 t ! same _s     
:i* caus$ ! ,prote/ant fa!rs to brave ! 
p]ils ( !      ,,boot & ! ,,/ake3 to /&1
 )\t fl9*+1 be=e su*      miscreant     
judges z ,jeffreys & ,scroggs3 to yield 
two      ?\s& pulpits & look begg>y &   

/>vation 9 ! face1      r ?an compromise
 ) consci5ce2 &1 above all1 to risk     
! untri$ dang]s ( ! ocean & settle among
 savages--w      nobly animate _!       
desc5dants1 & !y w act 9 a mann]        
wor?y ( !mselves & ( ! great cause :i*  
is intru/$      to _! keep+4       ,nev]
 0 a m unf\nd$ *>ge made aga9/ any p>ty 
?an      t ( proscription aga9/ !       
,am]ican p>ty4 ,x is only      !        
political feature--! allegiance to !    
,pope (      ,rome--:i* we h felt call$ 
^u especially to oppose3      leav+ x to
 ,prote/ant m9i/]s to expose1 if !y     
*oose1      ! absurdity ( ,ca?olic      
!ological t5ets4       ,x is a hi/orical
 fact t ! ,romi% cl]gy ( ,france 9      
#afhb1 "u ! lead ( ,l\is ,,xiv41 made a 
decl>ation t      ',k+s & sov]eigns are 
n subject to any ecclesia/ical      p[] 
by ! ord] ( ,god 9 temporal ?+s1 & _!   
subjects _c be releas$ f ! ob$i5ce :i*  
!y owe      !m1 nor absolv$ f _! oa? (  
allegiance4' ,! doctr9e      ( ?is      
decl>ation is call$ indiff]5tly '!      

,gallican1 or      ! ,fr5*1 or !        
,cis-,alp9e doctr9e4 ,t ( ! ,c\rt (     
,rome is call$ ! ,italian1 or           
trans-,alp9e doctr9e4       ,"u ! solemn
 assurance ( ! ,l\isiana delegation t   
! native ,ca?olics ( ,l\isiana d n      
ackn[l$ge !      temporal supremacy ( ! 
,pope1 !y 7 admitt$ to                  
repres5tation 9 ! ,am]ican ,c\ncil &    
,conv5tion1 & ?is      fact abundantly  
proves t !re is no desire to p]secute   
,ca?olics = _! religion1 b only a       
det]m9ation to      resi/ _! political  
doctr9e1 :i*1 al?\gh d5i$ by ,mr4       
,*&l] 9 ,congress1 has be5              
incontrov]tibly e/abli%$ by      !      
hi/ory ( t ,*ur* = ages1 ! av[als ( ,mr4
      ,br[nson1 ! rebuke ( ,mr4 ,*&l] by
 ! ,dubl9 ,tablet1 &      o!r ov]:elm+  
pro(s4       ,9 conclud+ ?is lett]1 x   
w\ld1 p]haps1 be prop] to      dwell ^u 
! claims ( ,messrs4 ,fillmore &         
,donelson to !      support ( ! ,am]ican
 p ( all p>ties2 b _!      *>act]s are s
 well kn[n1 & ,i h already s ext5d$ my  

rem>ks1 t ,i deem x unnecess>y to obs]ve
 any ?+ m      ?an t ,mr4 ,fillmore1 by 
! fai?ful dis*>ge ( 8 duty1      won !  
mo/ cordial approbation ( 8 political   
enemies z      well z political fri5ds1 
& _h ! confid5ce ( ! :ole      c\ntry :5
 he retir$ f (fice1 & has done no?+ s9ce
      to de/roy x2 :ile ,maj4 ,donelson1
 z our ,m9i/] to ,texas1      to        
,prussia1 & to ,d5m>k1 su/a9$ ! dignity 
( our      c\ntry & acquitt$ himself )  
honor--d5\nc$ !      unhall[$ proce$+s (
 ! ,s\!rn ,conv5tion--/ruggl$           
manfully1 z ! ,democratic editor ( !    
,wa%+ton ,union1 9      behalf ( !      
,compromise1 & nev] )drew f x until     
,may1      #aheb1 :51 s f> z ,i und]/& 8
 c\rse f 8 public      acts1 be+ unwill+
 to 'bl[ hot & cold' on ! slav]y        
"q1 & to aid ! ,democratic p>ty 9 we>+ a
 ,nor!rn      & a ,s\!rn face1 he       
indignantly retir$ f x1 &               
subsequ5tly atta*$ himself to ! ,am]ican
 p>ty 9 ! hope      t x c\ld c>ry on 8  
mo/ *]i%$ object--!      pres]vation ( !

 ,union4       ,! object ( select+ an   
old-l9e ,:ig & an old-l9e               
,democrat1 0 to nail to ! c\nt] ! *>ge t
 !      ,am]ican p>ty is ! ,:ig p>ty 9  
disguise1 & to induce1 if      possible1
 cons]vative m5 ( bo? ! old p>ties to   
unite &      rescue ! c\ntry f          
,democratic misrule4       ,hundr$s1    
?\s&s ( ,democrats 9 ,t5nessee1 act+ ^u 
_! own impulses & )\t conc]t ) _!       
lead]s1      atta*$ !mselves to !       
,am]ican p>ty1 b "u ! abuse      ( !    
lead]s )drew f x4 ,al?\gh1 p]sonally1 ,i
 h      no claims ^u ! ,democracy1 & h  
be5 always oppos$ to      t p>ty1 yet ,i
 w\ld respectfully obs]ve t fir/        
impressions are (t5 ! be/1 & if su*     
,democrats w take      ! tr\ble         
fai?fully & hone/ly to exam9e ! que/ions
 (      ! day = !mselves1 un9flu5c$ by !
 dictation ( p>ty      lead]s on ei!r   
side1 !y w1 d\btless1 f9d _m &          
cog5t reasons to return to _! fir/ love4
       ,b to su* ( ! old-l9e ,:igs z h n
 already gone      ov] to ! ,democratic 

p>ty1 ,i d feel t ,i h ! "r      ?r\gh  
?is or any o!r m$ium to address a few   
words4 ,x is      well kn[n t ,i h be5 a
 ,:ig f my boyhood1 & until ,i          
atta*$ myself to ! ,am]ican p>ty ab\t   
twelve mon?s ago2      & t1 9 "s =m or  
o!r1 ,i h labor$ 9 behalf (      ! ,:ig 
cause f my y\? up--9 good report & evil 
report1 9 prosp]ity & 9 adv]sity1 & )\t 
fee or      rew>d4 ,&1 ) great def]5ce  
to ! op9ions ( o!rs1 ,i      w\ld       
inquire :at has any old-l9e ,:ig to ga91
 ei!r =      8 c\ntry or himself1 by    
li/5+ to ! s$uctive      flatt]ies (    
,democracy1 z he looks ^u ! dismemb]$   
fragm5ts ( ! ,:ig p>ty1 or sits1 l      
,m>ius1 amid !      ru9s ( ,c>?age8 ,:at
 p>ty is x t has br\ght ab\t !          
desolation y behold8 ,to ^: /rategy 0 x 
ow+ t !      once impregnable city 0    
betray$ & surr\nd$1 & its      l(ty     
battlem5ts levell$ ) ! du/8 ,:at f\l    
coalition      circumv5t$ y1 & ^:       
pe/il5tial brea? is n[      :isp]+ 9 y\r
 e>8 ,has t p>ty aga9/ :i* y h          

f\ght = tw5ty ye>s--:i* y h reg>d$ z    
ess5tially      corrupt & dang]\s to !  
,union--all at once1 & by "s            
magical & unkn[n process1 be5 cleans$ ( 
its impurities1      & does x /& be=e y 
clo!d 9 a :ite & spotless      robe8    
,:at are "s ( ! reasons :y y oppos$ x8  
,x d5\nc$ proscription = op9ion's sake  
be=e x came      into p[]1 b kept !     
guillot9e 9 cont9ual motion             
aft]w>ds4 ,x rebuk$ any int]f]5ce ) !   
fre$om (      elections1 & !n d5i$ its  
doctr9e1 & s\ght 9      c\ntless ways to
 control !m4 ,x *>g$ ! adm9i/ration     
( ,john ,qu9cy ,adams ) reckless        
extravagance1 & has      exp5d$ z mu*1  
or ne>ly z mu*1 ( ! public treasure 9   
"o ye> z he did 9 ! c\rse ( 8           
adm9i/ration4 ,x 0      favorable to a  
bank1 a judici\s t>iff1 & int]nal       
improvem5ts by ! g5]al gov]nm5t1 b has  
cru%$ b5ea?      its iron heel ! :ole   
,am]ican sy/em4 ,x promis$ a gold &     
silv] curr5cy1 & told ! f>m]s t !y & _! 
wives      %\ld h 'long silk5 purses1   

?r\gh ! int]/ices (      :i* ! yell[    
gold w\ld %9e & glitt]1' b has giv5     
u in/ead m ?an ?irte5 hundr$ ,/ate      
bonds1 ) a      capital ( m ?an ?ree    
hundr$ millions4 ,x has unit$ !         
purse & ! sword by means ( its odi\s    
,sub-,treasury4 ,x      trampl$ b5ea?   
its feet ! broad seal ( ! ,/ate ( ,new  
,j]sey1 & enc\rag$ ,dorr's rebellion4   
,x annex$ ,texas & ,cali=nia1 & has     
/r5g!n$ !      ,abolition p[]4 ,x su/a9s
 ! frequ5t use ( ! veto1 &      "u ! "n 
( ,democracy delights 9 ! ex]cise (     
mon>*ical pr]ogative4 ,x proclaim$ 9    
#ahdd & #ahde1 t      n a ?imblefull (  
blood w\ld be %$ by any w> gr[+ out     
( ! annexation ( ,texas1 :5 t w>        
sacrific$ ?\s&s      ( lives1 & has co/ 
u millions 9 money & l&4 ,x      boa/$1 
9 reg>d to ! ,oregon "q1 t we mu/ h     
'#ed #dj or fight1' b swall[$ its own   
words1 & 9 lat]      times has attempt$ 
to retrieve its c\rage by ! sublime &   
magnific5t bomb>dm5t ( ,greyt[n6 ,x     
ord]$ ,g5]al ,taylor      into ! he>t ( 

! ,mexican c\ntry ) a feeble =ce1 &     
:5 8 victories _h won ! grateful        
plaudits ( 8      c\ntrym51 x _h !      
unp>allel$ meanness1 :ile he 0      /ill
 fight+ our battles1 to c5sure !        
capitulation (      ,mont]ey4 ,x _h !   
bas5ess to call ,g5]al ,scott f !       
head ( a victori\s army1 & to attempt to
 disgrace him 9      ! eyes ( 8 own     
c\ntry & ! _w4 ,x d5\nc$ ,judge         
,:ite z a r5egade1 ,g5]al ,h>rison z a  
c[>d1 ,mr4 ,clay z      a blackgu>d1 &  
,g5]al ,scott z a fool4 ,&1 )\t         
repeat+ :at has be5 already urg$ 9 reg>d
 to its attitude      ^u ! slav]y "q & !
 o!r topics t h be5      discuss$1 ,i   
submit to ! old-l9e ,:igs t !re is no   
pr9ciple :i* ! ,democratic p>ty s9c]ely 
holds 9 common      ) !m1 & t !y %\ld   
unite ) u 9 ! ef=t to      man ! %ip (  
,/ate ) (fic]s & m5 devot$ to !         
,con/itution & true to ! ,union1 9 !    
hope t x may be      rescu$ f !         
:irlpools & break]s among :i* x has     
be5 s recklessly conduct$4       ,hav+  

express$ myself ) ! indep5d5ce :i* %\ld 
*>act]ize a freeman1 ,i _c expect t a   
p>ty :i* has      dealt 9 ! mo/         
unmitigat$ d5unciation ( wis] & bett]   
m5 ?an myself1 w p]mit my obs]vations to
 pass )      impunity1 b ,i %all be     
amply comp5sat$ = _! abuse if      abl] 
tongues & p5s w improve ^u ^! hurri$    
rem>ks1      & tea* our ,democratic     
traduc]s t !y _c cont9ue1      )\t j    
retaliation1 _! unju/ifiable assaults ^u
 !      ,am]ican p>ty4       ,y\rs      
respectfully1       ,,?os4 ,a4 ,r4      
,,nelson4     ,,proscrib+               
,,=eign]s--,,=eign                      
,,immigration--,,=eign ,,paup]s ,,&     
,,crim9als--,,=eign]s ,,elect$ ,,g54    
,,pi]ce--,,op9ions ,,( ,,great ,,m54    
,! issue :i* mo/ di/urbs ! ,sag-,ni*t   
,=eign ,ca?olic ,loc(oco ,dry-rot       
patriots1 ( ! pres5t day1 9 connection )
 ! pr9ciples ( ! ,am]ican p>ty1 is _!   
proscription ( =eign-born citiz5s4 ,if !
 read] w turn back to ! ,philadelphia   
,plat=m1 & consult ! #c;d1 #d?1 #e?1 &  

#i? sections ( t in/rum5t1 x w be se5 t 
! ,am]ican p>ty really proscribe only ^?
 :o are proscrib$ by ! ,con/itution ( ! 
,unit$ ,/ates1 & ! laws def9+ ! rights (
 =eign-born citiz5s4 ,! ,am]ican p>ty   
dem& ! enactm5t ( laws ^u ?is subject m 
def9ite1 & 9 accordance ) ! provisions (
 ! ,con/itution4  ,! only positive "w   
:i* ! ,con/itution does1 9 reg>d to     
=eign]s1 is to proscribe4 ,x conta9s b  
five clauses t\*+ ! subject3 f\r ( ^!   
are ,,prohibitory1 & ! o!r is simply    
p]missive4 ,!re is no gu>antee+ clause  
:atev]4 ,we mu/ be p>don$ = recall+ ! v 
language ( ! ,con/itution--= 9 ?is      
progressive age1 our ,"y ,am]ican       
g5]ation is fa/ los+ sight ( ! pla9e/   
features ( t docum5t3 :i*1 )            
,fillibu/]+1 ,fire-eat+ agitators1 is   
,old ,fogyism6 ,let ! ,con/itution speak
 = itself3  ,section #e1 ,article ,,ii4 
( ! ,con/itution says3 ,no p]son1 except
 a natural-born citiz51 or a citiz5 ( ! 
,unit$ ,/ates at ! "t ( ! adoption ( ?is
 ,con/itution1 %all be eligible to !    

(fice ( ,presid5t4 ,t is proscription4  
,section #c1 ,article ,,xii41 says3 ,no 
p]son con/itutionally ineligible to !   
(fice ( ,presid5t %all be eligible to ! 
(fice ( ,vice-,presid5t ( ! ,unit$      
,/ates4 ,t is proscription4  ,section   
#h1 ,article ,i41 says3 ,no p]son %all  
be a ,s5ator :o %all n h atta9$ ! age ( 
?irty ye>s1 & be5 n9e ye>s a citiz5 ( ^!
 ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,t is proscription4     
,section #b1 ,article ,i41 says3 ,no    
p]son %all be a ,repres5tative :o %all n
 h atta9$ ! age ( tw5ty-five ye>s1 & be5
 sev5 ye>s a citiz54 ,?is is            
proscription4  ,^! are ! disabilities   
impos$ ^u ,=eign]s aft] !y h be5 made   
citiz5s4 ,b1 m ?an ?is1 ! ,con/itution  
leaves x discretion>y :e!r to make !m   
citiz5s at all4 ,x simply conf]s !      
p[]--simply p]mits4 ,"h is ! rema9+     
clause1 to :i* we h allud$3  ,section   
#h1 ,article ,i41 says3 ,congress %all h
 p[] to e/abli% a uni=m rule (          
naturalization1 & uni=m laws on !       
subject ( bankruptcies ?r\gh\t ! ,unit$ 

,/ates4  ,b let u notice ! matt] ( =eign
 emigration to ?is c\ntry4 ,9 t fragm5t 
( a nation1 compos$ ( ?ree & a qu>t]    
millions1 :i* accompli%$ ! ,am]ican     
,revolution1 !re 7 9 ! ,unit$ ,colonies1
 9 ! ye> #agge1 j #bj1jjj m =eign]s ?an 
n[ come into ?is c\ntry 9 six mon?s6  ,!
 progress ( emigration into ?is c\ntry1 
z %[n f ! ,/ate ,dep>tm5t at ,wa%+ton1  
is aft] ?is fa%ion3  ,9 ! ye> #aheb1    
#cge1jjj ,9 ! ye> #ahec1                
#cfh1jjj ,9 ! ye> #ahed1 ! returns ( !  
fir/ six mon?s w>rant ! e/imate = !     
entire ye> (                   #ejj1jjj 
--------- ,! aggregate1 = ! fir/ f\r & a
 half ye>s ( ?is dec5nial t]m1 is       
#a1hja1jjj  ,!re is no reason = believ+ 
t ! va/ immigration ( ?is ye> w dim9i%4 
,9 fact1 !re is no limit to its rate (  
progress b ! means ( conveyance4 ,n[1   
!n1 we h ^u ?is basis an aggregate = !  
six ye>s & a half int]v5+ betwe5 ?is    
p]iod & #ahfj1 (                        
#c1bej1jjj                              
--------- ,mak+ = ! curr5t t5 ye>s1 !   

a/\nd+ aggregate (                      
#e1jea1jjj  ,let ,am]icans *>ge         
cont9ually t ! righte\s gr\nd ^u :i* x  
plants itself is1 ,,t ,,am]icans ,,%all 
,,rule ,,am]ica4 ,let !m po9t ! vot]s ( 
! c\ntry to solid facts1 f :i* !re is no
 escape4 ,tell !m t ! emigration to ?is 
c\ntry1 accord+ to ! ,c5sus records at  
,wa%+ton1 03        ,f #agij to #ahaj   
#abj1jjj           #ahaj to #ahbj       
#aad1jjj           #ahbj to #ahcj       
#bjc1igi           #ahcj to #ahdj       
#ggh1ejj           #ahdj to #ahej       
#a1edb1hej  --& t /ati/ics %[ t dur+ !  
pres5t decade1 f #ahej to #ahfj1 9      
regul>ly increas+ ratio1 ne>ly f\r      
millions ( ali5s w probably be p\r$ 9 ^u
 u4  ,po9t to ! fact1 t f ?is           
immigration spr+ ne>ly f\r-fif?s ( !    
begg>y1 two-?irds ( ! paup]ism1 & m ?an 
?ree-fif?s ( ! crime ( our c\ntry2 t m  
?an half ! public *>ities1 m ?an half ! 
prisons & alms-h\ses1 m ?an half !      
police & ! co/ ( adm9i/]+ crim9al       
ju/ice1 are = =eign]s1--& let ! dem& be 

made1 t national & ,/ate legislation    
%all int]f]e1 to direct1 ameliorate1 &  
control ^! elem5ts1 s f> z x may be done
 )9 ! limits ( ! ,con/itution4  ,let    
,am]icans ev]y:]e1 & at all times1 *>ge 
home & =ce ^u ! att5tion ( ! p ! al>m+  
fact t if immigration cont9ues at !     
above rates1 9 ?irty ye>s f ?is "t !    
population ( ?is c\ntry w exce$ t (     
,france1 ,engl&1 ,spa91 ,portugal1      
,sw$51 & ,switz]l&1 all comb9$2 t 9     
fifte5 ye>s ! =eign w outnumb] ! native 
population2 t 9 #ahed ! numb] ( =eign   
immigrants 0 #ejj1jjj1 ( :i* #cjg1fci   
arriv$ at ! port ( ,new ,york2 t ! :ite 
population ( ,nor? ,c>ol9a is only a    
little ov] #ejj1jjj--s t en\gh come to  
settle a ,/ate z popul\s z ,nor? ,c>ol9a
 9 a ye>4 ,set =? ! /ati/ical facts1 z  
%[n by ! la/ ,c5sus1 t ! immigration (  
#ahed 0 m ?an equal to ! :ite population
 ( ei!r "o ( eighte5 ,/ates ( ?is       
,union2 & 9 pro(1 po9t !m to ! foll[+   
/>tl+ facts3  ,a4 ,table comp>+ ! :ite  
population ( ! ,/ates !re9 enum]at$1 ) !

 =eign immigration ( #ahed1 & %[+ !     
excess ( =eign immigrants = ?is ye>     
above ! respective population ( ! sev]al
 ,/ates4                  ,:ite         
population4     ,excess ( ,/ates4       
immigrants4 ,arkansas        #afb1ahi   
#ccg1haa ,alabama         #dbf1ead      
#gc1dhf ,cali=nia       #ia1fce         
#dah1cfe ,s\? ,c>ol9a  #bgd1efc         
#bbf1dcg ,connecticut     #cfc1jii      
#acf1ija ,delaw>e         #ga1afi       
#cbh1hca ,florida          #dg1bjc      
#deb1gag ,i[a            #aia1hha       
#cjh1aai ,l\isiana       #bbe1dia       
#cgd1eji ,m>yl&        #dag1idc         
#hb1jeg ,mi*igan        #cie1jga        
#ajd1ibi ,mississippi     #bie1gah      
#bjd1bhb ,new ,hamp%ire   #cag1def      
#ahb1ead ,new ,j]sey      #dfe1eji      
#cd1dia ,rhode ,isl&    #adc1hge        
#cef1abe ,texas           #aed1jcd      
#cde1idf ,v]mont         #bac1djb       
#ahf1eih ,wiscons9       #cjd1gef       
#aie1bdd  ,analyze ?is table1 & %[ f x t
 ! =eign immigration ( #ahed 0 suffici5t

 to h settl$ ?ree ,/ates equal to       
,arkansas1 ?ree equal to ,i[a1 ?ree     
equal to ,texas1 two to ,l\isiana1 f\r  
to ,rhode ,isl&1 five to ,cali=nia1 sev5
 to ,delaw>e1 or t5 to ,florida2 s t "u 
! pr9ciple ( ! ,kansas & ,nebraska act1 
:ile immigrants cont9ue p\r+ 9 ^u u at !
 pres5t rate1 we may h )9 "o ye> t5 new 
,/ates apply+ = admission into ! ,union1
 entitl$ to _! tw5ty ,s5ators 9 ! ,unit$
 ,/ates ,s5ate2 & yet ?is w\ld be b !   
,s5atorial repres5tation ( #ejj1jjj     
=eign]s4  ,let ! light ( tru? be he>d ^u
 ! great "q ( immigration1 & let ! p see
 t if ! ratio ( immigration cont9ues z x
 has be5 s9ce #ahej1 dur+ ! t5 ye>s f   
#ahej to #ahfj !re w h come f\r millions
 ( =eign]s into ?is c\ntry--en\gh to    
settle eighty ,/ates equal to ,florida1 
?irty-two equal to ,rhode ,isl&1 sixte5 
equal to ,l\isiana1 or eight equal to   
,m>yl&1 ,nor? ,c>ol9a1 ,s\? ,c>ol9a1    
,georgia1 ,mi*igan1 ,mississippi1       
,v]mont1 ,alabama1 ,new ,hamp%ire1 or   
,new ,j]sey4 ,s ! ,s5atorial            

repres5tation ( =eign]s may rea* "o     
hundr$ & sixty memb]s 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates 
,s5ate1 & _c be less ?an tw5ty 9 a body 
compos$ ( b sixty-two memb]s repres5t+  
?irty-"o ,/ates4   ,,unit$ ,,/ates      
,,coa/ ,,survey--,,=eignism ,,&         
,,nativeism4  ,! read] w f9d bel[ a li/ 
( ! names ( ! employees 9 ! ,coa/       
,survey1 classifi$ accord+ to bir?1 & _!
 respective sal>ies3   ,natives4        
,sal>y4  ,=eign]s4                      
,sal>y4                                 
,e4 ,nutty                 #a1bjj  ,j4  
,e4 ,hilg>d               #b1bjj ,j4 ,t4
 ,hoov]                #fjj  ,s4 ,e4    
,w]n]                 #a1dai ,j4 ,h4    
,toom]                #eai  ,c4 ,a4     
,s*ott                 #a1ejj ,j4 ,e4   
,black5%ip           #ejj  ,j4 ,ma9     
#a1ajj ,r4 ,freeman                     
#cej  ,g4 ,rumpf                        
#a1jjj ,h4 ,mit*ell               #a1jjj
  ,j4 ,weisn]                     #ijj  
,h4 ,heaton                   #gjj  ,l4 
,f4 ,p\rtales              #a1ejj ,r4   

,s4 ,av]y                 #ffj  ,s4 ,he9
                      #b1ejj ,j4        
,k9*eloe                #cci  ,j4 ,wel* 
#a1efe ,g4 ,c4 ,blan*>d             #cci
  ,a4 ,brs*ke                   #a1djh  
,r4 ,e4 ,evans                 #cci     
---- ,balback                   #fci ,r4
 ,l4 ,hawk9s             #a1bjj  ----   
,l5d5kehl                #ghb ,w4       
,mc,pherson                #gjj  ,w4 ,p4
 ,s*ultz                  #gjd ,w4 ,m4  
,c4 ,fairfax          #a1hjj  ,g4       
,mc,coy                     #b1jjj ,m4  
,j4 ,mc,clery             #a1fjj  ,a4   
,rolle                     #a1gjj ----  
,pot]field           #a1jjj  ,g4 ,b4    
,metz5ro?             #a1jie ,l4        
,williams                 #hfj  ,j4 ,c4 
,k\dnip                  #ici ,john ,key
                    #ghb  ,j4 ,ru!rdall 
#ebf ---- ,m>t9                 #gea    
,j4 ,b>rett                     #cge ,b4
 ,hooe                     #dai  ,j4    
,vi]bun*5               #a1jie ,f4      
,fairfax                  #ejj  ,p4     

,vi]bun*5                 #bha ,h4      
,mc,cormick                #aef  ,t4    
,hunt                        #gjd ,e4   
,:>ton                #a1ajj  ,j4       
,miss5son                   #fbf ,j4    
,knight                 #a1gjj  ,r4     
,s*elpass                   #dfi ,f4    
,dankwor?              #a1gjj  ,c4      
,ramk9                      #cac ,j4 ,v4
 ,n4 ,?roop           #a1beb  ,f4 ,:ite 
#ifj ,r4 ,knight                   #ici 
,d4 ,flyn                        #fjj   
,c4 ,a4 ,knight                #fbf  ,t4
 ,k9ney                      #ebe ,g4   
,ma?iot                #a1hjj  ,c4      
,kraft                       #dbj ,s4   
,h>ris                   #eai  ,b4 ,neff
                        #ebf ,s4 ,d4    
,o',bri5             #a1jei  ,a4 ,ma$ell
                   #a1jie ,a4 ,geatman  
#gjd                             -------
 ,h4 ,t9e                     #fbf      
#ca1hfg ,c4 ,b4 ,sn[                    
#a1jjj  ,j4 ,smi?                       
#eic  ,g4 ,hitz                     #cac

  ,j4 ,cronion                  #eai    
,a4 ,w4 ,russell             #a1cjj     
---- ,tansill                #ffj  ,v4  
,e4 ,k+                  #gbj  ,f4      
,hold5                   #ejj  ,j4      
,mit*ell                 #cca  ,w4      
,bright                   #baf          
-------                          #bd1dbi
   ,! :ole numb] ( natives1 #dc2 numb] (
 =eign]s1 #ca4 ,am\nt paid natives1     
#bd1dbi2 am\nt paid =eign]s1 #ca1hfg4 ,!
 av]age sal>y ( ! natives is #efh #ab p]
 ye>2 ( ! =eign]s1 #a1jbi #ih p]        
ye>--ne>ly d\ble t ( ! natives4 ,is n   
?is favoritism to ! =eign]1 &           
discrim9ation aga9/ ! native8 ,!        
disburs+ (fic]1 ,s4 ,he91 receives      
#b1ejj4  ,! result ( ! la/ ,presid5tial 
election 0 controll$ by =eign votes1    
beyond all "q4 ,look at ! figures--see  
h[ !y foot up--& see t ! c\ntry is      
controll$ by =eign]s3                   
,electoral                 ,=eign       
,=eign     ,pi]ce's     vote = ,/ates4  
population4      vote4      majority4   

,pi]ce4  ,new ,york1     #fee1bbd       
#ic1cag      #bg1bja          #ce       
,p5nsylvania1 #cjc1aje         #dc1cjj  
#ai1ddf          #bg ,m>yl&1            
#ea1jaa          #g1bhg       #d1ide    
#h ,l\isiana1     #fg1cjh               
#i1fae       #a1cib           #f        
,miss\ri1      #gf1egj         #aj1ich  
#g1fih           #i ,ill9ois1           
#aaa1hfj         #ae1ihj      #ae1fec   
#aa ,ohio1         #bah1jii             
#ca1aeg      #af1fid          #bc       
,wiscons91    #aaj1dga         #ae1gha  
#aa1dah           #e ,i[a1              
#bj1ifh          #b1iie       #a1ahj    
#d ,rhode ,isl&1  #bc1hcb               
#c1djd       #a1aji           #d        
,connecticut1   #ch1cgd          #e1dhb 
#b1hgj           #f ,delaw>e1           
#e1bdc            #gdi          #be     
#c ,new ,j]sey1    #ei1hjd              
#h1edc       #e1gdi           #g        
,cali=nia1    #ba1fbh         #aj1jjj   
#e1fid           #d                     
--------        -------     -------     

----                                    
#beh1edh     #abj1jid         #aeb      
,,recapitulation4  ,pi]ce's vote1       
#a1fjb1ffc ,scott's vote1               
#a1che1iij                              
---------                               
#baf1fgc ,=eign vote1                   
#cfg1cbj ,pi]ce's majority1             
#baf1fgc                                
---------                               
#aej1fdg  ,! =eign vote exce$$ ,pi]ce's 
majority ov] ,scott1 #aej1fdg votes4  ,x
 is ?us demon/rat$ t 9 ea* ( ^! f\rte5  
,/ates ! =eign vote 0 l>g] ?an !        
majority giv5 = ,g5]al ,pi]ce2 & x is   
also demon/rat$ t ! aggregate =eign vote
 ( ^! f\rte5 ,/ates is m ?an twice !    
:ole numb] ( ,g5]al ,pi]ce's majorities 
9 said ,/ates4 ,if ev5 "o-half ( ! =eign
 vote _h be5 giv5 to ,g5]al ,scott1 he  
w\ld h be5 elect$ in/ead ( ,g5]al       
,pi]ce6  ,! foll[+ ,new ,york ,city     
/ati/ics set =? ! am\nt ( crime committ$
 9 t city = six mon?s end+ 9 ,june1     
#ahee3       ,x appe>s t ! numb] (      

arre/s made dur+ t "t      7 #be1aaj4 ,(
 ^!1 no less ?an #i1gee 7 = intoxication
      & disord]ly conduct comb9$2 &     
#g1jbe = crimes t _h      _! orig9 9 !  
dram-%ops1 to wit3       ,assault &     
batt]y1 disord]ly conduct1 vagrancy1 c4 
,!      greate/ numb] ( arre/s 7 9      
,june1 %[+ t dur+      ! hot wea!r1 z is
 g5]ally ! case1 m liquor 0      drank4 
,! bir?-place ( ! crim9als1 = two mon?s1
 0 z      foll[s3       ,unit$ ,/ates1  
#a1gej      ,irel&1                     
#e1aag      ,g]many1                    
#a1jaj      ,all o!r places1            
#d1hdg       ,x ne$s no argum5t to prove
 if !re _h be5 no      intoxicat+ liquor
 sold 9 t city1 a l>ge portion ( !      
crimes & ! mis]y result+ !refrom w\ld h 
be5      prev5t$4  ,,m ,,in/ructive     
,,/ati/ics4--,! ,j]sey ,city ,s5t9el ( !
 #bb;d ult4 publi%es /ati/ics ( crime & 
paup]ism 9 ,j]sey ,city & ,hudson       
,c\nty1 z foll[s3       ,numb] (        
inhabitants 9 ,j]sey ,city1 #ba1jjj1    
viz43 natives1      #ac1jjj2 ,iri%1     

#e1jjj2 o!r =eign]s1 #d1jjj4 ,numb] (   
p]sons :o h be5 conf9$ 9 ! city prison1 
#d1ajj1 viz43      natives1 #ge2 ,iri%1 
#c1eej2 o!r =eign]s1 #dge4 ,numb] (     
p]sons conf9$ 9 ! c\nty jail at pres5t1 
#fh1 viz43      natives1 #b2 ,iri%1 #eh3
 o!r =eign]s1 #h4 ,( #ahh p]sons :o     
h be5 inmates ( ! ,alm%\se1 none h be5  
natives1 &      no =eign]s except ,iri%4
 ,( #gbc :o receiv$ aid f !             
,poor-ma/]1 #b 7 natives1 & #gba 7      
,iri%4  ,we w n[ submit1 z au?orities1  
"s names :i* ought to h weight ) !      
,am]ican p1 & :i* demon/rate1 beyond all
 contradiction1 t we h _h ,"k ,no?+s 9  
our c\ntry 9 =m] days1 if !y 7 n call$  
by t "n6 ,"h are ! words & s5tim5ts ( ^!
 d>k-lant]n patriots3       ,aga9/ !    
insidi\s wiles ( =eign influ5ce1 7,i    
conjure      y to believe me1           
fell[-citiz5s17 ! jeal\sy ( a free      
p ought to be con/antly awake4 ,x is "o 
( ! mo/      baneful foes ( a           
,republican gov]nm5t4--,,wa%+ton4       
,i hope we may f9d "s hope 9 future (   

%ield+ ourselves      f =eign influ5ce1 
9 :atev] =m x may be attempt$4 ,i       
wi% !re 7 an ocean ( fire betwe5 ?is & !
 old      _w4--,,jeff]son4       ,=eign 
influ5ce is a ,grecian horse to !       
republic3 we      _c be too c>eful to   
exclude its entrance4--,,madison4       
,!re is an imp]ative necessity = re=m+ !
      ,naturalization ,laws ( ! ,unit$  
,/ates4--,,daniel ,,web/]4       ,x is  
high "t we %\ld become a little m       
,am]icaniz$1      & in/ead ( fe$+ !     
paup]s & labor]s ( ,engl&1      fe$ our 
own2 or else1 9 a %ort "t1 by our pres5t
 policy1      we %all become paup]s     
ourselves4--,,&rew ,,jackson4       ,i  
agree ) ! fa!r ( 8 c\ntry1 t we %\ld    
gu>d      ) a jeal\sy becom+ a free p1  
our in/itutions1      aga9/ ! insidi\s  
wiles ( =eign influ5ce4--,,h5ry ,,clay4 
,our naturalization laws are            
unque/ionably defective1 or our         
alms-h\ses w\ld n n[ be fill$ ) paup]s4 
,( !      #acd1jjj paup]s 9 ! ,unit$    
,/ates1 #fh1jjj are =eign]s1      &     

#ff1jjj natives4 ,! annals ( crime h    
swell$ z !      jails ( ,europe h p\r$  
_! cont5ts into ! c\ntry1      & ! felon
 convict1 reek+ f a murd] 9 ,europe1 or 
:o      has _h ! =tune to escape        
puni%m5t = any o!r crime      abroad1   
easily ga9s naturalization "h1 by sp5d+ 
a "p (      five ye>s )9 ! limits ( !   
,unit$ ,/ates4 ,our c\ntry      has     
become a ,botany ,bay1 into :i* ,europe 
annually dis*>ges      h] crim9als ( e  
description4--,,john ,m4 ,,clayton1     
,unit$      ,/ates ,s5ator4  ,=ty ye>s  
ago1 ?is subject came up 9 ! ,congress (
 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 & t f>-see+ /atesman &
 patriot1 ,,john ,,r&olph1 ( ,virg9ia1  
made a spee*1 f :i* we take ! foll[+    
extract3       ,h[ long ! c\ntry w\ld   
endure ?is =eign yoke 9 its      mo/    
odi\s & disgu/+ =m he c\ld n tell1 b ?is
 he      w\ld say1 t if we 7 to be      
dictat$ to & rul$ by      =eign]s1 he   
w\ld mu* r be rul$ by a ,briti%         
,p>liam5t ?an by ,briti% subjects "h4   
,%\ld he be told      t ^? m5 f\ght 9 ! 

w> ( ! ,revolution1 he w\ld      answ]1 
t ^? :o did s 7 n includ$ by him 9 !    
class he adv]t$ to4 ,t 0 a civil w>1 &  
!y & we      7 at its comm5cem5t alike  
,briti% subjects4 ,native      ,britons1
 !re=e1 !n tak+ arms on our side1 gave  
!m !      same rights z ^? :o 7 born 9  
?is c\ntry1 & 8      motion c\ld be     
easily modifi$ s z to provide = any t   
might be ( ?is description1 b no su*    
modification1 he 0      sure1 w\ld be   
f\nd necess>y1 = ?is pla9 reason1 to    
wit3       ,:]e 7 ! soldi]s ( !         
,revolution :o 7 n      natives8 ,!y 7  
ei!r already retir$ or else retir+ to   
t great reckon+ :]e disc\nts 7 n all[$4 
,if !      honorable g5tleman 7oppos+ ! 
proposition7 w\ld po9t 8      f+] to any
 su* k9d ( p]son n[ liv+1 he w\ld agree 
to      8 be+ made an exception to !    
am5dm5t4 ,x 0 "t t      ! ,am]ican p    
%\ld h a "* ( _! own1 &      :]e w\ld !y
 f9d x8 ,9 ,new ,engl& & 9 ,virg9ia     
only1      because !y 7 a homog5e\s     
race--a peculi> p4 ,!y      nev] yet    

appo9t$ =eign]s to sit 9 t h\se 7(      
,congress7 = !m1 or to fill _! high     
(fices4 ,9 bo?      ,/ates ?is 0 _!     
policy3 x 0 n f\nd 91 nor 0 x      ow+  
to _! pap] con/itutions1 b :at 0 bett]1 
x 0      int]wov5 9 ! frame ( _! ?\ghts 
& s5tim5ts1 9      _! /eady habits1 9 _!
 pr9ciples f ! cradle--a      mu* m     
solid security ?an c\ld be f\nd 9 any   
abracadabra      :i* con/itution-mong]s 
c\ld scrawl ^u pap]4       ,x might be  
indiscreet 9 him to say x1 =1 to say !  
tru?1 he _h z little ( t rascally       
virtue1 prud5ce1 he      appreh5d$1 z   
any man1 & c\ld z little conceal :at he 
felt z affect :at he did n feel4 ,he    
knew x 0 n ! way      = him to          
conciliate ! manufactur+ body1 yet he   
w\ld say      t he wi%$ ) all 8 he>t t 8
 bootmak]1 8      hatt]1 & o!r          
manufactur]s1 w\ld r /ay 9 ,great       
,brita91 "u _! own laws1 ?an come "h to 
make laws =      u1 & leave u to import 
our cov]+4 ,we mu/ h our      clo?+     
home-made1 7said he17 b ,i w\ld mu* r h 

my      workm5 home-made1 & import my   
clo?+4 ,0 x be/ to h      our own       
unpollut$ republic peopl$ ) its own pure
 native      republicans1 or erect ano!r
 ,%effield1 ano!r ,man*e/]1      & ano!r
 ,birm+ham1 ^u ! banks ( ! ,s*uylkill1 !
      ,delaw>e1 & ! ,br&yw9e1 or h a ho/
 ( ,luddites      among/ u--wret*es f   
:om e ve/ige ( ! human      creation    
seem$ to be effac$8 ,w\ld !y wi% to h _!
      elections on t floor decid$ by a  
rabble8 ,:at 0 ! ru9      ( old ,rome8  
,:y1 _! op5+ _! gates & lett+ 9 !       
rabble ( ! :ole _w to be _! legislators6
       ,if 7said he7 y wi% to pres]ve   
among y\r fell[-citiz5s      t exalt$   
s5se ( fre$om :i* gave bir? to !        
,revolution--if y wi% to keep alive     
among !m ! _s (      '#gf1 y mu/        
endeavor to /op ?is flood ( immigration6
 ,y      mu/ tea* ! p ( ,europe t if !y 
d come "h1 all      !y mu/ hope to      
receive is protection--b t !y mu/      h
 no %>e 9 ! gov]nm5t4 ,f su* m5 a       
tempor>y      p>ty may receive prec>i\s 

aid1 b ! c\ntry _c be      safe nor ! p 
happy :]e !y are introduc$ into         
gov]nm5t1 or m$dle ) public conc]ns 9   
any great      degree4              99  
99       99       99       99       ,?is
 7said ,mr4 ,r&olph7 is a favorable "t  
to make a /&      aga9/ ?is evil        
7immigration17 & if n ?is session1 he   
hop$ t 9 ! next !re w\ld be a revisal ( 
!      naturalization laws4  ,a few %ort
 epi/les f ! p5 ( ,g54 ,,wa%+ton1 & we w
 close ?is *apt]4 ,^! we take f ! ,pap]s
 ( ,wa%+ton by ,sp>ks4 ,george ,wa%+ton1
 ju/ly /yl$ ! fa!r ( 8 c\ntry1 0 a great
 & good man--a primitive ,"k ,no?+--a   
pray+ ,prote/ant--& )al1 ! man :o 0 fir/
 9 w>1 fir/ 9 peace1 & fir/ 9 ! he>ts ( 
8 c\ntrym54 ,"h are ! hone/ s5tim5ts (  
?is man3       ,,to ,,ri*>d ,,h5ry      
,,lee4       ,,morri/[n1 ,may #ag1      
#aggg4       ,,de> ,,sir3--,i take !    
lib]ty to ask y :at ,congress expects   
,i am to d ) ! _m =eign]s !y h at       
diff]5t      times promot$ to ! rank (  
field-(fic]s1 &1 by ! la/      resolve1 

two to t ( colonels4444 ,^! m5 h no     
atta*m5t nor ties to ! c\ntry1 fur!r ?an
 int]e/ b9ds      !m4 ,our (fic]s ?9k x 
exce$+ly h>d1 aft] !y h      toil$ 9 ?is
 s]vice & h su/a9$ _m losses1 to h      
/rang]s put ov] !m1 ^: m]it1 p]haps1 is 
n equal to      _! own1 b ^: effront]y w
 take no d5ial4444 ,x is      by ! zeal 
& activity ( our own p t ! cause mu/    
be support$1 & n by a few hungry        
adv5tur]s4444                           
,i am1 c41                              
,g4 ,,wa%+ton4  ,vol4 ,,iv41 p4 #dbc4   
99       99       99       99       99  
,,to ,,! ,,same4                        
,,middlebrook1 ,june #a1 #aggg4       ,y
 w1 be=e ?is c rea* y1 h se5 ,monsieur  
,duc\dray4 ,:at 8 real expectations are1
 ,i d n "k2 b ,i      fe>1 if 8         
appo9tm5t is equal to :at ,i h be5 told 
is      8 expectation1 x w be att5d$ )  
unhappy consequ5ces4      ,to say no?+ (
 ! policy ( intru/+ a dep>tm5t1 on      
! execution ( :i* ! salvation ( ! army  
dep5ds1 to a      =eign] :o has no o!r  

tie to b9d him to ! int]e/s (      ?is  
c\ntry ?an honor1 ,i w\ld beg leave to  
obs]ve t by      putt+ ,mr4 ,d4 at !    
head ( ! artill]y1 y w lose a      v    
valuable (fic] 9 ,g5]al ,knox1 :o is a  
man ( great      milit>y read+1 s\nd    
judgm5t1 & cle> conceptions1 :o      w  
resign if any "o is put ov] him4444 ,i  
am1 c41                                 
,g4 ,,wa%+ton4  ,vol4 ,,iv41 p4 #ddf4   
99       99       99       99       99  
,,to ,,g\v]neur ,,morris1 ,,esq4        
,,:ite ,,pla9s1 ,july #bd1 #aggh4       
,,de> ,,sir3--,! design ( ?is is to t\* 
cursorily ^u a      subject ( v great   
importance to ! well-be+ ( ^!           
,/ates3 mu* m s ?an w appe> at fir/     
view4 ,i mean      ! appo9tm5t ( s _m   
=eign]s to (fices ( high rank      &    
tru/ 9 our s]vice4       ,! lavi% mann] 
9 :i* rank has hi!rto be5 be/[$ on      
^! g5tlem51 w c]ta9ly be productive ( "o
 or !      o!r ( ^! two evils--ei!r to  
make u despicable 9 !      eyes (       
,europe1 or become a means ( p\r+ !m 9  

^u u      l a torr5t1 & add+ to our     
pres5t burd54       ,b x is nei!r !     
exp5se nor tr\ble ( !m t ,i      dread3 
!re is an evil m ext5sive 9 its nature &
 fatal      9 its consequ5ces to be     
appreh5d$1 & t is ! driv+      ( all our
 own (fic]s out ( ! s]vice1 & ?r[+ n    
only our army b our milit>y c\ncils     
entirely into ! h&s      ( =eign]s4     
,! (fic]s1 my de> sir1 on :om y mu/     
dep5d = !      def5ce ( ?is cause1      
di/+ui%$ by l5g? ( s]vice1      _!      
connections1 prop]ty1 & milit>y m]it1 w 
n      submit mu*1 if any long]1 to !   
unnatural promotion ( m5      ov] !m :o 
h no?+ m ?an a little plausibility1     
unb\nd$ pride & ambition1 & a p]sev]ance
 9 application      n to be resi/$ b by 
uncommon firmness1 to support _!        
pret5sions3 m5 :o1 9 ! fir/ in/ance1    
tell y !y wi%      = no?+ m ?an ! honor 
( s]v+ 9 s glori\s a      cause z       
volunte]s1 ! next day solicit rank )\t  
pay1 !      day foll[+ want money       
advanc$ to !m1 & 9 ! c\rse (      a week

 want fur!r promotion1 & are n satisfi$ 
) any      ?+ y c d = !m4 ,! exp$i5cy & 
! policy ( !      measure rema9 to be   
consid]$1 & :e!r x is consi/5t      )   
ju/ice or prud5ce to promote ^! milit>y 
=tune-hunt]s at ! haz>d ( y\r army4     
,b>on ,/eub51 ,i n[ f9d1 is also want+  
to quit 8      inspector%ip = a comm& 9 
! l9e4 ,?is w be      productive ( mu*  
discont5t to ! brigadi]s4 ,9 a ^w1      
al?\gh ,i ?9k ! ,b>on an excell5t (fic]1
 ,i d mo/      dev\tly wi% t we _h n a  
s+le =eign] among u1      except !      
,m>quis de ,lafayette1 :o acts ^u v     
diff]5t      pr9ciples f ^? :i* gov]n ! 
re/4 ,adieu4                            
,i am mo/ s9c]ely y\rs1                 
,g4 ,,wa%+ton4  ,vol4 ,,vi41 p4 #ac4    
99       99       99       99       99  
,,to ,,john ,,adams1 ,,vice-,,presid5t  
,,( ,,! ,,unit$ ,,/ates4                
,,philadelphia1 ,nov4 #bg1 #agid4       
,,de> ,,sir3--444 ,my op9ion ) respect  
to immigration is1 t      except (      
useful me*anics & "s p>ticul>           

description (      m5 or pr(essions1 !re
 is no ne$ ( enc\ragem5t4 ,i am1        
c41                                     
,g4 ,,wa%+ton4  ,vol4 ,,xi41 p4 #a4     
99       99       99       99       99  
,,to ,j4 ,q4 ,,adams1 ,,am]ican ,,m9i/] 
,,at ,,b]l94                            
,,m\nt ,,v]non1 ,jan4 #bj1 #agii4       
,,sir3--444 ,y "k1 my good sir1 t x is n
 ! policy (      ?is c\ntry to employ   
ali5s :]e x c well be avoid$1      ei!r 
9 ! civil or milit>y walks ( life4444   
,!re is a      species ( self-importance
 9 all =eign (fic]s t _c      be        
gratifi$ )\t do+ inju/ice to m]itori\s  
*>act]s      among our own c\ntrym51 :o 
conceive1 & ju/ly1 :]e !re      is no   
great prepond]ancy ( exp]i5ce or m]it1 t
 !y are      entitl$ to ! occupancy (   
all (fices 9 ! gift ( _!      gov]nm5t4 
,i am1 c41                              
,g4 ,,wa%+ton4  ,vol4 ,,xi41 p4 #cib4   
99       99       99       99       99  
,,same ,,date1 ,,to ,a ,,=eign] ,,apply+
 ,,= ,,(fice4       ,,de> ,,sir3--444 ,x

 does n accord ) ! policy ( ?is         
gov]nm5t to be/[ (fices1 civil or       
milit>y1 ^u      =eign]s1 to ! exclusion
 ( our own citiz5s4 ,y\rs1 c41          
,g4 ,,wa%+ton4  ,vol4 ,,xi41 p4 #cib4   
99       99       99       99       99  
,,in/ructions ,,( ,,! ,,secret>y ,,(    
,,w> ,,to ,,! ,,inspector-,,g5]al4      
,,w> ,,dep>tm5t1 ,feb4 #d1 #agii4       
444 ,= ! cavalry1 = ! regulations       
re/rict !      recruit+ (fic]s to engage
 none except natives = ?is      corps1 &
 ^? only z f _! kn[n "* &      fidelity 
may be tru/$4     ,f ! ,knoxville ,:ig =
 ,m>*1 #ahef4  ,,:o ,,is ,,mill>d       
,,fillmore8   ,a ,brief hi/ory ( !      
,am]ican nom9ee = ! ,presid5cy is ?is3  
,he 0 born 9 ! ye> #ahjj1 9 ,cayuga     
c\nty1 ,new ,york1 & is n[ fifty-six    
ye>s ( age4 ,8 fa!r 0 !n1 z he n[ is1 a 
f>m]1 9 mod]ate circum/ances2 & n[ lives
 9 ! c\nty ( ,erie1 a %ort di/ance f    
,buffalo4 ,! limit$ means ( ! family    
prev5t$ ! old g5tleman f giv+ 8 son     
,mill>d any o!r or bett] education ?an 0

 obta9$ 9 ! imp]fect common s*ools ( t  
age4  ,9 8 sixte5? ye>1 ,mr4 ,fillmore 0
 plac$ ) a m]*ant tailor ne> 8 home to  
le>n t bus9ess4 ,he rema9$ f\r ye>s 9 8 
appr5tice%ip1 dur+ :i* "t he _h access  
to a small libr>y1 improv+ ! advantages 
x (f]$ by p]us+ all ! books !re9        
conta9$4 ,judge ,wood1 ( ,cayuga c\nty1 
pleas$ ) 8 intellectual advancem5t1 urg$
 him to /udy ! pr(ession ( ! law2 & z 8 
pov]ty 0 ! only ob/acle 9 8 way1 ,judge 
,wood advanc$ him ! necess>y means1     
rely+ ^u 8 mak+ a lawy]1 & be+ able by !
 practice ( ! pr(ession to refund !     
money aga94 ,) a portion ( ?is money "y 
,fillmore b\ght 8 unexpir$ "t1 :i* 0 = !
 w9t]1 & he pursu$ 8 legal /udies )     
en]gy & success1 9 ! (fice ( ! noble    
,judge4  ,9 #ahbb1 he remov$ to         
,buffalo1 :]e he 0 admitt$ to ! b>4 ,8  
object 9 remov+ to ,buffalo 0 to        
complete 8 /udies & to obta9 a lic5se4  
,?is accompli%$1 he remov$ to ,aurora1 n
 f> f :]e 8 p>5ts resid$1 & !re comm5c$ 
! practice ( 8 pr(ession4 ,! confid5ce (

 8 neighbors 9 8 integrity & abilities 0
 su* t he f\nd himself 9 ! mid/ ( a     
lucrative practice at once4 ,9 #ahbf1 he
 0 m>ri$ to ,miss ,p[]s1 ! daught] ( a  
cl]gyman 9 ! village ( ,aurora1 & ?is   
excell5t woman liv$ to see him elect$   
,vice-,presid5t ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4  ,9  
#ahbi1 ,mr4 ,fillmore 0 elect$ f ! c\nty
 9 :i* he m>ri$ & :]e 8 p>5ts liv$ to ! 
,g5]al ,assembly ( ,new ,york1 & = ?ree 
ye>s cont9u$ a memb] ( ?is body1        
di/+ui%+ himself by 8 en]gy1 tact1 &    
wisdom 9 legislation4 ,?r\gh 8 en]gy &  
spee*es1 ,imprisonm5t = ,debt 0 aboli%$1
 & ?is s increas$ 8 popul>ity ?r\gh\t ! 
,/ate1 t x 0 app>5t t he c\ld be elect$ 
to any (fice 9 ! gift ( ! p ( t ,/ate4  
,9 #ahbi1 he 0 admitt$ a c\nsellor 9 !  
,supreme ,c\rt ( ,new ,york1 & 9 #ahcb  
he remov$ to ,buffalo1 :]e he settl$    
p]man5tly & enl>g$ 8 practice z an      
attorney4 ,9 #ahcb1 he 0 elect$ a       
repres5tative 9 ! #bc;d ,congress1 9 :i*
 he s]v$ ) indu/ry & cr$it to himself & 
8 di/rict4 ,at ! end ( 8 t]m he r5ew$ ! 

practice ( ! law1 ( *oice1 b1 9 #ahcf1 0
 prevail$ on to aga9 s]ve 8 di/rict 9   
,congress2 & 9 ! celebrat$ ,new ,j]sey  
conte/$ elections1 di/+ui%$ himself4 ,he
 0 *os5 to ! next ,congress by ! l>ge/  
majority ev] giv5 to any man 9 !        
di/rict2 & z ,*airman ( ! ,committee on 
,ways & ,means1 acquir$ a reputation t  
any man might be pr\d (4  ,at ! close ( 
! #bg? ,congress1 8 fri5ds 7 anxi\s = 8 
cont9uance 9 public life1 b he decl9$4  
,& 9 8 address to 8 con/itu5ts1 dat$ at 
,wa%+ton1 ,july #aa?1 #ahdb1 he says3   
,p>don ! p]sonal vanity1 ?\gh x be a    
weakness1 t      induces me to recur = a
 mom5t to ! *]i%$ recollections      (  
y\r e>ly fri5d%ip & abid+ confid5ce4 ,i 
_c give      v5t to ! feel+s ( my he>t  
)\t x4 ,x is n[ ne>ly      f\rte5 ye>s  
s9ce y did me ! unsolicit$ honor to     
nom9ate me to repres5t y 9 ! ,/ate      
,legislature4 ,sev5      times h ,i     
receiv$ r5ew$ evid5ce ( y\r confid5ce by
 z      _m elections1 &1 at ! expiration
 ( my pres5t t]m1 ,i      %all h s]v$ y 

?ree ye>s 9 ! ,/ate & eight ye>s      9 
! ,national ,c\ncils4 ,i _c recall !    
?\s& acts (      g5]\s devotion f s _m  
fri5ds1 )\t feel+ !      deepe/ emotions
 ( gratitude4 ,i came among y a poor &  
fri5dless boy4 ,y k9dly took me by ! h& 
& gave me y\r      confid5ce & support4 
,y h conf]r$ ^u me di/9ction      &     
honors1 = :i* ,i c\ld make no adequate  
return1 b by      hone/ & untir+ ef=t   
fai?fully to dis*>ge ! high      tru/   
:i* y confid$ to my keep+4 ,if my humble
 ef=ts      h met y\r approbation1 ,i   
freely admit1 next to ! approval      ( 
my own consci5ce1 x is ! highe/ rew>d   
:i* ,i c\ld      receive = days (       
unceas+ toil & nights ( sleepless       
anxiety4 ,i pr(ess n to be above or bel[
 ! common      frailties ( our nature4  
,i w !re=e n disguise !      fact1 t ,i 
0 highly gratifi$ at my fir/ election to
      ,congress2 yet ,i c truly say t my
 utmo/ ambition has be5      gratifi$4  
,i aspire to no?+ m1 & %all retire f !  
excit+ sc5es ( political /rife to !     

quiet employm5ts (      my family &     
fireside1 ) /ill m satisfaction ?an ,i  
felt :5 fir/ elevat$ to di/+ui%$ /ation4
  ,dur+ ?is same ye> he return$ to !    
practice ( 8 pr(ession1 &1 9 #ahdd1 !   
,:ig ,/ate ,conv5tion ( ,new ,york put  
him 9 nom9ation = ! (fice ( ,gov]nor1 9 
opposition to ,silas ,wright4 ,?is 0 !  
only conflict 9 :i* he ev] suff]$       
defeat1 & ! race 0 close4 ,9 #ahdg1 )\t 
seek+ or desir+ ! highly responsible    
(fice1 he 0 elect$ ,comptroll] ( !      
,f9ances ( ! ,/ate1 & remov$ to ,albany1
 :]e he dis*>g$ ! duties ( ! (fice )    
great cr$it to himself & usefulness to !
 ,/ate1 resign+ ! (fice 9 ,febru>y1     
#ahdi1 to ent] ^u ! duties ( ! (fice (  
,vice-,presid5t1 to :i* he _h be5 call$ 
by ! election 9 #ahdh4 ,g54 ,taylor dy+1
 he became ,presid5t1 & e patriot 9 ! l&
 rememb]s & admires ! hi/ory ( 8        
adm9i/ration4 ,g54 ,cass & o!r di/+ui%$ 
,democrats said 8 c>e] _h be5 "o ( g5u9e
 patriotism1 honor1 & usefulness2 &     
,gov4 ,wise1 ^u ! /ump 9 ,virg9ia1      

*>act]iz$ x z ,wa%+ton-l2 :ile !        
,democratic pap]s & orators1 f ,ma9e to 
,cali=nia1 decl>$ t he ought to h be5   
nom9at$ 9 lieu ( ,g54 ,scott1 because he
 0 "o ( ! be/ m5 9 ,am]ica4  ,he is n[ 9
 ,europe1 famili>iz+ himself ) ! work+s 
( ! despotic gov]nm5ts ( t c\ntry4 ,be=e
 leav+1 almo/ "o ye> ago1 he told 8     
fri5ds1 9 answ] to que/ions relat+ to ! 
presid5cy1 n to />t any newspap]s = 8   
b5efit--n to publi% any docum5ts--n to  
make any spee*es1 or ev5 electione]--&  
add$1 t if ! ,am]ican p nom9at$ him1 (  
_! own free w & accord1 he w\ld accept  
_! nom9ation1 & if elect$1 he w\ld s]ve 
!m to ! be/ ( 8 abilities4 ,8 nom9ation1
 !re=e1 "u ! circum/ances1 is a great   
honor1 & %[s ! implicit confid5ce ! real
 p h 9 ! integrity1 patriotism1 &       
qualifications ( ! man4 ,t he w g into !
 presid5tial *air almo/ by acclamation1 
we h n ! %ad[ ( d\bt4  ,z to ,mr4       
,fillmore's *ances1 we consid] !m       
excell5t1 & gr[+ bright] e day4 ,!      
indications are n[ v cle> t he w obta9 a

 plurality1 if n a majority vote1 9 mo/ 
( ! ,nor!rn ,/ates2 & "u ! mo/          
unfavorable circum/ances1 he w be sure  
to divide ! electoral vote ( ! ,s\?1 s z
 to c>ry m ,/ates ?an ,,mr4 ,,bu*anan4  
,virg9ia1 ,s\? ,c>ol9a1 ,mississippi1 & 
,alabama1 are ! only f\r ,/ates we      
conc$e to ! ,c9c9nati nom9ee & "o ( ^!1 
we confid5tly expect to c>ry4 ,georgia &
 ,arkansas we set d[n z d\btful1 & we   
cont5d t ,bu*anan c't get ei!r ( !m )\t 
a sev]e /ruggle4  ,we !n make ?is       
e/imate1 & claim z c]ta9 = ,,fillmore & 
,,donelson ! foll[+ ,/ates1 viz43       
,massa*usetts   #ac      ,rhode ,isl&   
#d      ,new ,york        #ce      ,new 
,j]sey       #g      ,p5nsylvania    #bg
      ,m>yl&         #h      ,k5tucky   
#ab      ,t5nessee       #ab      ,nor? 
,c>ol9a  #aj      ,l\isiana        #f   
,miss\ri         #i      ,cali=nia      
#d      ,delaw>e         #c             
,florida          #c  ,?is makes a total
 ( #aeg--;elev51 m ?an is necess>y to an
 election4 ,?is is n an extravagant1 b a

 v fair e/imate4 ,! fri5ds ( ! ,am]ican 
ticket h a "r to feel enc\rag$4 ,) prop]
 ex]tions our ticket w c>ry4 ,let e     
,am]ican consid] himself a s5t9el ^u !  
wat*-t[]--let e fri5d ( ! p>ty d 8 duty1
 & ! result w n be d\btful4 ,& let all  
:o believe t ,am]icans ought to rule    
,am]ica1 take c\rage--! skies are bright
 & bright5+4  ,z x reg>ds ,,mr4         
,,fillmore',s ,am]icanism1 t is         
settl$--he has be5 a ,prote/ant ,am]ican
 fifte5 ye>s 9 advance ( ! p>ty1 z x n[ 
exi/s4 ,! ,hon4 ,j4 ,t4 ,,headley1      
,secret>y ( ,/ate ( ,new ,york1 deliv]$ 
a spee* at ! ,capital ( 8 ,/ate1 ,m>*   
#g?1 #ahef1 9 :i* he spoke ( ,mr4       
,fillmore 9 ! foll[+ language3          
,n[1 9 ! fir/ place1 he 0 an ,am]ican   
ye>s be=e ^?      :o d5\nce him ev]     
?\ght ( ,am]icanism4 ,! ,police         
con/able ( ,newburg elect$ la/ ye> on ! 
,am]ican ticket1      told me1 t ye>s   
ago1 :5 t well-kn[n conflict occurr$    
betwe5 ! citiz5s ( ,buffalo & ! =eign   
population1      t a comb9ation 0 =m$   

call$ ! ,am]ican ,league4      ,! memb]s
 ( ?is ,league ent]$ into a solemn      
compact to      /& toge!r & fight toge!r
 = ! rights ( ,am]icans4      ,?is      
con/able 0 at ! "t an humble me*anic 9  
,buffalo1      & he said t he con/antly 
met ,mr4 ,fillmore 7:o 0 a      memb] ( 
t ,league ) him7 at ! ,c\ncil ,room4    
,?us y      see t ^? :o w\ld arrogate to
 !mselves ! title (      ,am]icans1 &   
yet c>p at ,mr4 ,fillmore z want+ 9     
,am]ican      s5tim5t1 are really rec5t 
volunte]s comp>$ ) him4 ,mr4            
,fillmore c>ri$ 8 ,am]ican pr9ciples    
/ill f>!r &      became 7s an (fic] 9 ! 
same ord] in=ms me7 a memb]      ( !    
,unit$ ,am]icans4 ,he has always be5 a  
true ,am]ican1      he is n[1 & ev] w   
be1 & is wor?y to move at !      head ( 
! glori\s column ov] :i* floats ! flag  
be>+      ! inscription1 ',am]icans %all
 rule ,am]ica4'  ,aft] ! defeat ( ,,mr4 
,,clay1 9 #ahdd1 ,,mr4 ,,fillmore       
address$ him ?is noble ,am]ican lett]3  
,,buffalo1 ,nov4 #ad1 #ahdd4       ,,my 

,,de> ,,sir3--,i h ?\ght = ?ree or f\r  
days t ,i      w\ld write to y1 b really
 ,i am unmann$4 ,i h no c\rage      or  
resolution4 ,all is gone4 ,! la/ hope1  
:i* hung fir/      ^u ! city ( ,new     
,york1 & !n ^u ,virg9ia1 is f9ally      
dissipat$1 & ,i see no?+ b despair      
depict$ ^u e      c\nt5ance4       ,=   
myself1 ,i h no regrets4 ,i 0 nom9at$ = 
,gov]nor      mu* aga9/ my w1 & ?\gh n  
ins5sible to ! pride (      success1 yet
 ,i feel a k9d ( relief at be+ defeat$4 
,b n      s = y or ! nation4 ,e         
consid]ation ( ju/ice1 e      feel+ (   
gratitude conspir$ 9 ! m9ds ( hone/ m5  
to      insure y\r election1 & ?\gh     
always d\btful ( my own      success1 ,i
 c\ld nev] d\bt y\rs1 till ! pa9ful     
conviction      0 =c$ ^u me4       ,!   
,abolitioni/s & ,=eign ,ca?olics h      
defeat$ u 9      ?is ,/ate4 ,i w n tru/ 
myself to speak ( ! vile      hypocrisy 
( ! lead+ ,abolitioni/s n[4 ,d\btless _m
      act$ hone/ly & ignorantly 9 :at !y
 did4 ,b x is cle>      t ,birney & 8   

associates sold !mselves to ,loc(ocoism1
      & !y w d\btless receive _! rew>d4 
,our oppon5ts1 by po9t+ to ! ,native    
,am]icans & to ,mr4      ,frel+huys51   
drove ! ,=eign ,ca?olics f u & defeat$  
u 9 ?is ,/ate4       ,b x is va9 to look
 at ! causes by :i* ?is infam\s         
result has be5 produc$4 ,x is en\gh to  
say t all is gone4      ,i mu/ confess t
 no?+ has happ5$ to %ake my confid5ce   
9 our ability to su/a9 a free gov]nm5t s
 mu* z ?is4                             
,,mill>d ,,fillmore4  ,b "h is "o o!r   
lett]1 writt5 to ,,isaac ,,newton1 j    
be=e ,,mr4 ,,fillmore left ! ,unit$     
,/ates = ,europe4 ,a m patriotic lett]1 
brea?+ m ( ! g5u9e ,am]ican _s1 we h    
nev] met )3                             
,,buffalo1 ,n4 ,y41 ,jan4 #c1 #ahee4    
,,respect$ ,,fri5d ,,isaac ,,newton3--,x
 w\ld give me great      pleasure to    
accept y\r k9d invitation to visit      
,philadelphia1      if x 7 possible to  
make my visit private1 & limit x to a   
few p]sonal fri5ds :om ,i %\ld be mo/   

happy to see2 b ,i      "k t ?is w\ld be
 out ( my p[]1 & ,i am !re=e            
reluctantly compell$ to decl9e y\r      
invitation1 z ,i h      done o!rs to    
,new ,york & ,bo/on1 = ! same reason4   
,i return y _m ?anks = y\r in=mation on 
! subject      ( politics4 ,i am always 
happy to he> :at is go+ =w>d1      b1   
indep5d5t ( ! fact t ,i feel myself     
)drawn f      ! political ar5a1 ,i h be5
 too mu* depress$ 9 _s      to take an  
active "p 9 ! late elections4 ,i cont5t$
      myself ) giv+ a sil5t vote = ,mr4 
,ullman1 = ,gov]nor4       ,:ile1 h[ev]1
 ,i am an inactive obs]v] ( public      
ev5ts1 ,i      am by no means an        
indiff]5t "o1 & ,i may say to y 9 !     
frankness ( private fri5d%ip1 t ,i h = a
 long "t      look$ ) dread &           
appreh5sion at ! corrupt+ influ5ce      
:i* ! conte/ = ! =eign vote is ex]t+ ^u 
our      elections4 ,?is seems to result
 f its be+ b&$ toge!r1      & subject to
 ! control ( a few int]e/$ & selfi%     
lead]s4 ,h5ce x has be5 a subject (     

b>ga9 & sale1 &      ea* ( ! great      
political p>ties ( ! c\ntry h be5       
bidd+ to obta9 x1 &1 z usual 9 all su*  
conte/s1 !      p>ty :i* is mo/ corrupt 
is mo/ successful4 ,! consequ5ce        
is1 t x is fa/ demoraliz+ ! :ole c\ntry2
 corrupt+      ! v f\nta9s ( political  
p[]2 & conv]t+ !      ballot-box--t     
great palladium ( our lib]ty--into an   
unmean+ mock]y1 :]e ! rights (          
native-born citiz5s are      vot$ away  
by ^? :o bl9dly foll[ _! m]c5>y &       
selfi% lead]s4 ,! evid5ce ( ?is is f\nd 
n m]ely 9      ! %ameless *aff]+ = !    
=eign vote at e      election1 b 9 !    
l>ge disproportion ( (fices :i* are     
n[ held by =eign]s at home & abroad1 z  
comp>$ ) our      native citiz5s4 ,:]e  
is ! true-he>t$ ,am]ican ^: *eek        
does n t+le ) %ame & mortification to   
see our highe/      & mo/ covet$ =eign  
missions fill$ by m5 ( =eign      bir?  
to ! exclusion ( native-born8 ,su*      
appo9tm5ts are a      humiliat+         
confession to ! cr[n$ heads ( ,europe t 

a      ,republican soil does n produce  
suffici5t tal5t to repres5t      a      
,republican nation at a mon>*ical c\rt4 
,i confess t x      seems to me--) all  
due respect to o!rs--t1 z a g5]al       
rule1 our c\ntry %\ld be gov]n$ by      
,am]ican-born citiz5s4      ,let u give 
to ! oppress$ ( e c\ntry an asylum & a  
home 9 our happy l&1 give to all !      
b5efits ( equal laws1      & equal      
protection2 b let u at ! same "t *]i%1 z
      ! apple ( our eye1 ! great        
pr9ciples ( con/itutional      lib]ty1  
:i* few :o h n _h ! good =tune to be    
re>$ 9 a free c\ntry "k h[ to appreciate
 & /ill less      h[ to pres]ve4        
,wa%+ton1 9 t ine/imable legacy :i* he  
left to 8      c\ntry--8 f>ewell        
address--has wisely w>n$ u to bew>e     
( =eign influ5ce z ! mo/ baneful foe ( a
 republican      gov]nm5t4 ,he saw x to 
be sure 9 a diff]5t light f t      9 :i*
 x n[ pres5ts itself2 b he knew x w\ld  
approa*      u 9 all =ms1 & h5ce he     
caution$ u aga9/ !      insidi\s wiles (

 its influ5ce4 ,!re=e1 z well = our     
own sakes1 to :om ?is invaluable        
inh]itance (      self-gov]nm5t has be5 
left by our =efa!rs1 z = !      sake (  
unborn millions :o are to inh]it ?is    
l&--=eign      & native--let u take w>n+
 ( ! ,fa!r ( 8 ,c\ntry1      & d :at we 
c ju/ly to pres]ve our in/itutions f    
corruption & our c\ntry f di%onor1 b let
 ?is be done      by ! p !mselves 9 _!  
sov]eign capacity by mak+      a prop]  
discrim9ation 9 ! selection ( (fic]s1 & 
n      by depriv+ any individual--native
 or =eign-born--( any      con/itutional
 or legal "r to :i* he is entitl$4      
,^! are my s5tim5ts 9 brief2 & al?\gh ,i
 h      sometimes almo/ despair$ ( my   
c\ntry :5 ,i h witness$      ! rapid    
/rides ( corruption1 yet ,i ?9k ,i      
p]ceive a gleam      ( hope 9 ! future1 
& ,i n[ feel confid5t1 t :5 !      great
 mass ( intellig5ce 9 ?is enlight5$     
c\ntry is once      fully ar\s$1 & !    
dang] manife/$1 x w fe>lessly      apply
 ! rem$y1 & br+ back ! gov]nm5t to !    

pure      days ( ,wa%+ton's             
adm9i/ration4 ,f9ally1 let u adopt !    
old ,roman motto1 ',nev] despair ( !    
,republic4' ,let u d      our duty1 &   
tru/ 9 t ,provid5ce :i* has s signally  
wat*$ ov] & pres]v$ u = ! result4 ,b ,i 
h said      m ?an ,i int5d$1 & mu* m ?an
 ,i %\ld h said to      any "o b a tru/$
 fri5d1 z ,i h no desire to m+le 9      
political /rife4       ,rememb] me k9dly
 to y\r family1 & believe me truly y\r  
fri5d1                                  
,,mill>d ,,fillmore4  ,9 ,m>*1 #ahea1   
,,lewis ,,cass1 ?an :om !re is n a m    
devot$ p>tisan 9 ! ,democratic ranks1   
deliv]$ a spee* on ! floor ( ! ,unit$   
,/ates ,s5ate1 9 ! c\rse ( :i* he paid !
 foll[+ j complim5t to ,mr4 ,fillmore's 
integrity1 & to 8 effici5cy 9 pacify+ ! 
c\ntry1 :ile he 0 ,presid5t4 ,we quote f
 ! ,congressional ,globe1 & hold x up z 
a )]+ rebuke to ^? less] lights (       
,democracy1 :o are n[ defam+ ?is pure & 
patriotic /atesman3       ,!            
,adm9i/ration has plac$ itself high 9 ! 

great "w (      pacify+ ! c\ntry1 & !y  
receiv$ ! me$ (      approbation f      
political fri5ds & political foes4 ,i   
p>take ( ! same s5tim5t4 ,i d !m ju/ice4
 ,b ,i am a      ,democrat1 &1 ,god     
will+1 ,i mean to die "o4 ,?is is a ,:ig
      adm9i/ration1 b !re is no reason  
,i %\ld n d !m      ju/ice2 & ,i d x )  
pleasure1 9 ?is great matt] (      !    
salvation ( ?is c\ntry--if ,i may say s4
 ,i h done      s2 %all cont9ue to d s1 
:atev] sne]s _! pap]s may      conta92 =
 ,i d x n = _! sake1 b = ! sake (       
_! c\ntry4  ,! ,democratic ,review--!   
highe/ ,democratic au?ority 9 ! ,unit$  
,/ates--= ,decemb]1 #ahee1 comm5t+ ^u ! 
,compromise ,measures ( #ahej1 ?us spoke
 ( ,mr4 ,fillmore1 9 a mom5t ( c&or1    
long be=e ,mr4 ,fillmore 0 nom9at$ by ! 
,am]ican p>ty = ! ,presid5cy3           
,mom5t\s ev5ts 7 transpir+4 ,! agitation
 ( !      "q ( slav]y 0 p>am\nt 9 !     
public m9d4 ,9 ?is      crisis1 x 0 well
 t s reliable a man z ,mr4 ,fillmore 0  
f\nd 9 ! ,presid5tial *air4 ,! safety & 

p]petuity (      ! ,union 7 ?reat5$4    
,already _h fanaticism rais$ its        
hydra-head4 ,s*emes & 'isms' leap$ f a  
?\s&      ambuscades4 ,! enemies ( !    
,union />t$ =? on e                     
side--,abolitionism "h2 secessionism    
!re2 acquisition &      filibu/]ism     
else:]e4 ,^! 7 ! =midable elem5ts (     
misrule ) :i* ! ,executive _h to cope4  
,h[ well he met1      & h[ entirely he =
 ! "t ov]came ^! enemies ( !      peace 
( ! republic1 we leave ! hi/orian to    
relate2 b      our retrospect w\ld be   
incomplete & dis+5u\s1 did we n         
accord ! me$ ( praise ju/ly due to high 
moral excell5ce      & intellectual &   
adm9i/rative hone/y & tal5t1 z          
develop$ 9 ! adm9i/ration ( ,mr4        
,fillmore4  ,s9ce ! =ego+ 0 prep>$ = !  
press1 ,mr4 ,fillmore's lett] (         
acceptance has come to h&1 greatly to ! 
annoyance ( ! ,democratic &             
anti-,am]ican fuglem5 & politicians4 ,we
 congratulate ! c\ntry ^u ! patriotic1  
national1 & truly ,am]ican _s :i*       

p]vades ?is *a/e & well-writt5 docum5t4 
,x is j :at we expect$ f "o ( ! v fir/  
m5 9 ! ,nation4 ,8 ref]5ce to 8 pa/     
c\rse z a gu>anty = ! future is         
well-tim$4 ,sectional legislation he is 
oppos$ to2 & sectional agitation he w   
use 8 influ5ce to suppress4 ,we ask e   
man into ^: h&s ?is "w %all fall1 to    
read ?is admirable lett] = himself3 x is
 wor?y ( ! man & ! times2 nay1 x is !   
lett] ( a patriot & a /atesman--        
,:o = 8 c\ntry feels alone1     ,& loves
 h] weal1 beyond 8 own4       ,,copy4   
,,philadelphia1 ,feb4 #bf?1 #ahef4      
,to ! ,hon4 ,mill>d ,fillmore3          
,,sir3--,! ,national ,conv5tion ( !     
,am]ican p>ty1 :i* has      j clos$ its 
session 9 ?is city1 has unanim\sly *os5 
y z ! c&idate = ! ,presid5cy ( ! ,unit$ 
,/ates 9      ! election to be held 9   
,novemb] next4 ,x has associat$      ) y
 ,&rew ,jackson ,donelson1 ,esq41 (     
,t5nessee1 z !      c&idate = !         
,vice-,presid5cy4       ,! ,conv5tion   
has *>g$ ! und]sign$ ) ! agreeable      

duty ( communicat+ ^! proce$+s to y1 & (
 ask+      y\r acceptance ( a nom9ation 
:i* w receive n only !      cordial     
support ( ! great national p>ty 9 ^: "n 
x is      made1 b ! approbation also (  
l>ge numb]s ( o!r      enlight5$ fri5ds 
( ! ,con/itution & ! ,union1 :o w       
rejoice 9 ! opportunity to te/ify _!    
grateful      appreciation ( y\r fai?ful
 s]vice 9 ! pa/1 & _!      confid5ce 9  
y\r exp]i5ce & integrity = ! guidance ( 
! future4       ,! und]sign$ take       
advantage ( ?is occasion to t5d] to     
y ! expression ( _! own gratification 9 
!      proce$+s ( ! ,conv5tion1 & to    
assure y ( ! high      consid]ation )   
:i* !y are y\rs1 c4                     
,,alex&] ,h4 ,h4 ,,/u>t1                
,,&rew ,,/ew>t1                         
,,era/us ,,brooks1                      
,e4 ,b4 ,,b>tlett1                      
,,wm4 ,j4 ,,eames1                      
,,ephraim ,,m>%4                        
,committee1 c4                          
,,p>is1 ,may #ba/1 #ahef4               

,,g5tlem53--,i h ! honor to ackn[l$ge ! 
receipt ( y\r      lett] in=m+ me t !   
,national ,conv5tion ( !      ,am]ican  
p>ty1 :i* _h j clos$ its session at     
,philadelphia1 _h unanim\sly pres5t$ my 
"n = !      ,presid5cy ( ! ,unit$       
,/ates1 & associat$ ) x t (      ,&rew  
,jackson ,donelson = ! ,vice-,presid5cy4
 ,?is      unexpect$ communication met  
me at ,v5ice on my return f      ,italy1
 & ! duplicate1 mail$ ?irte5 days lat]1 
0      receiv$ on my arrival 9 ?is city 
la/ ev5+4 ,?is mu/      acc\nt = my     
app>5t neglect 9 giv+ a m prompt reply4 
,y w p>don me = say+ t :5 my            
adm9i/ration      clos$ 9 #ahec1 ,i     
consid]$ my political life z a public   
man      at an end1 & !nce=? ,i 0 only  
anxi\s to dis*>ge my      duty z a      
private citiz54 ,h5ce ,i h tak5 no      
active "p 9      politics4 ,b ,i h by no
 means be5 an indiff]5t spectator      (
 pass+ ev5ts2 nor h ,i hesitat$ to      
express my op9ion      on all political 
subjects :5 ask$2 nor to give my vote & 

private influ5ce = ^? m5 & measures ,i  
?\ght be/      calculat$ to promote !   
prosp]ity & glory ( our common          
c\ntry4 ,beyond ?is ,i deem$ x improp] =
 me to int]f]e4      ,b ?is unsolicit$ &
 unexpect$ nom9ation has impos$ ^u      
me a new duty1 f :i* ,i _c %r9k2 &      
!re=e1      approv+1 z ,i d1 ( ! g5]al  
objects ( ! p>ty :i*      has honor$ me 
) its confid5ce1 ,i *e]fully accept its 
nom9ation1 )\t wait+ to inquire ( its   
prospects (      success or defeat4 ,x  
is suffici5t = me to "k t by s      do+ 
,i yield to ! wi%es ( a l>ge portion (  
my      fell[-citiz5s 9 e "p ( ! ,union1
 :o1 l myself1      are s9c]ely anxi\s  
to see ! adm9i/ration ( our             
gov]nm5t re/or$ to t orig9al simplicity 
& purity      :i* m>k$ ! fir/ ye>s ( its
 exi/5ce2 &1 if      possible1 to quiet 
t al>m+ sectional agitation1 :i*1       
:ile x delights ! ,mon>*i/s ( ,europe1  
causes e true      fri5d ( our own      
c\ntry to m\rn4       ,hav+ ! exp]i5ce (
 pa/ s]vice 9 ! adm9i/ration (      !   

,gov]nm5t1 ,i may be p]mitt$ to ref] to 
t z !      expon5t ( ! future1 & to say1
 %\ld ! *oice ( !      ,conv5tion be    
sanction$ by ! p1 ,i %all1 ) ! same     
scrupul\s reg>d = ! rights ( e section (
 ! ,union      :i* !n influ5c$ my       
conduct1 endeavor to p]=m e      duty   
confid$ by ! ,con/itution & laws to !   
,executive4       ,z ! proce$+s ( ?is   
,conv5tion h m>k$ a new era 9      !    
hi/ory ( ! c\ntry1 by br++ a new        
political      organization into !      
approa*+ ,presid5tial canvass1 ,i take  
! occasion to reaffirm my full confid5ce
 9 ! patriotic      purposes ( t        
organization1 :i* ,i reg>d z spr++ out  
( a public necessity1 =c$ ^u ! c\ntry1  
to a l>ge      ext5t1 by un=tunate      
sectional divisions1 & ! dang]\s        
t5d5cy ( ^? divisions t[>ds disunion4 ,x
 alone1 9 my      op9ion1 ( all !       
political ag5cies n[ exi/+1 is          
possess$ ( ! p[] to sil5ce ?is viol5t & 
disa/r\s      agitation1 & to re/ore    
h>mony by its own example (             

mod]ation & =be>ance4 ,x has a claim1   
!re=e1 9 my      judgm5t1 ^u e e>ne/    
fri5d ( ! integrity ( !      ,union4    
,s e/imat+ ?is p>ty1 bo? 9 its pres5t   
position &      future de/9y1 ,i freely 
adopt its great lead+ pr9ciples z       
ann\nc$ 9 ! rec5t decl>ation ( !        
,national ,c\ncil at      ,philadelphia1
 a copy ( :i* y 7 s k9d z to enclose    
me1 hold+ !m to be j & lib]al to e true 
int]e/      ( ! c\ntry1 & wisely adapt$ 
to ! e/abli%m5t &      support ( an     
enlight5$1 safe1 & effective ,am]ican   
policy1      9 full accord ) ! ideas & !
 hopes ( ! fa!rs (      our ,republic4  
,i expect %ortly to sail = ,am]ica2 &1 )
 ! bless+s      ( ,div9e ,provid5ce1    
hope soon to tread my native soil4 ,my  
opportunity ( comp>+ my own c\ntry & !  
condition (      its p ) ^? ( ,europe1  
has only s]v$ to increase my            
admiration & love = our own bless$ l& ( 
lib]ty1 & ,i      %all return to x )\t  
ev5 a desire ev] to cross !             
,atlantic aga94       ,i beg ( y1       

g5tlem51 to accept my ?anks = ! v       
flatt]+ mann] 9 :i* y h be5 pleas$ to   
communicate      ! results ( ! action ( 
t enlight5$ & patriotic      body ( m5  
:o compos$ ! late ,conv5tion1 & to be   
assur$      t       ,i am1 ) pr(\nd     
respect & e/eem1       ,y\r fri5d &     
fell[-citiz51                           
,,mill>d ,,fillmore4       ,messrs4     
,alex4 ,h4 ,h4 ,/u>t1 ,&rew ,/ew>t1     
,era/us ,brooks1 ,e4      ,b4 ,b>tlett1 
,wm4 ,j4 ,eames1 ,ephraim ,m>%1         
,committee4     ,,:o ,,is ,,&rew ,j4    
,,donelson8   ,?is g5tleman be+ n[ !    
nom9ee ( ! ,am]ican p>ty = ! (fice (    
,vice-,presid5t1 naturally attracts mu* 
( public att5tion2 & z a matt] to be    
look$ =1 & n at all to be regrett$1     
draws d[n ^u him great abuse & sl&] f ! 
hirel+ editors ( ! corrupt p>ty oppos+  
him4 ,we w let a neighbor ( ,major      
,donelson1 :o has _h access to 8 pap]s1 
& :o has prep>$ & publi%$ 9 ! ,na%ville 
,bann] a sket* ( 8 life1 answ] ! "q     
prop\nd$ at ! head ( ?is *apt]3         

,,mr4 ,,donelson is ! second son (      
,samuel ,donelson1 deceas$1      :o 0 ! 
bro!r ( ! late ,mrs4 ,jackson4 ,8 elde/ 
bro!r di$ 9 #ahag1 soon aft] ! ,creek   
,w>1 9 :i* he      p>ticipat$ z a soldi]
 "u ,g5]al ,jackson4 ,8 dea? 0          
ann\nc$ to ,mr4 ,donelson by ,g5]al     
,jackson 9 ! foll[+      t]ms3 ',:il/ we
 regret 8 loss1 he has left u ! ende>+  
recollection t !re 0 n a /a9 ^u 8 "*4   
,he      has p]=m$ 8 duty "h bel[1 & has
 tak5 8 flight to      realms above1 z  
unspott$ z an angel4 ,:at a lesson he   
has      giv5 u6 ,h[ delightful to dwell
 ^u ! idea t he has      walk$ 9 ! pa?s 
( virtue dur+ 8 :ole life1 )\t a        
blemi% on 8 "*1 & t all 8 fri5ds may    
rec\nt      8 acts ) pride & pleasure6' 
,! y\ng] bro!r is /ill      liv+ 9 !    
pat]nal mansion1 & 0 a memb] ( ! la/    
,legislature ( ,t5nessee4 ,! "m ( ^!    
*ildr5      aft]w>ds m>ri$ ,mr4 ,james  
,s&]s1 ( ,sumn] c\nty1      ,t5nessee1 &
 is /ill enjoy+ good heal?4 ,%e is !    
only      daught] ( ,g54 ,daniel ,smi?1 

:o 0 "o ( ! surveyors (      ! l9e      
betwe5 ,virg9ia & ,nor? ,c>ol9a1 &      
succe$$      ,g54 ,jackson 9 ! ,s5ate ( 
! ,unit$ ,/ates4       ,g5]al ,smi? _h  
an important ag5cy 9 %ap+ ! e>ly        
hi/ory ( ,t5nessee--hav+ repres5t$ a    
portion ( !      p 9 ! ,nor? ,c>ol9a    
,legislature1 & 9 ! ,conv5tion      :i* 
ratifi$ ! ,con/itution ( ! ,unit$       
,/ates4 ,he 0      also ,secret>y ( !   
,t]ritory1 & a memb] ( ! ,conv5tion     
( #agif4 ,he 0 a native ( ,virg9ia1 &   
emigrat$ to      ,t5nessee soon aft] he 
_h survey$ ! l9e betwe5 t      ,/ate &  
,nor? ,c>ol9a1 hav+1 :ile 9 ! execution 
(      t s]vice1 se5 ! f9e l&s 9 ,middle
 ,t5nessee4 ,he      settl$ ! l&s ^u :i*
 8 gr&son1 ,h5ry ,smi?1 n[      resides2
 & built ! mansion1 :i* is /ill !re1 at 
a      p]iod :5 ! m5 engag$ 9 qu>ry+ !  
rock _h to be      gu>d$ f ! attacks ( !
 ,indians4       ,! fa!r ( ,samuel      
,donelson1 ,col4 ,john ,donelson1 0 also
 a      native ( ,virg9ia1 & at onetime 
a ,repres5tative ( "o (      h] olde/   

c\nties1 ,pittsylvania1 9 ! ,h\se (     
,burgesses4      ,he possess$ 9 an em95t
 degree ! respect ( ! ,prov9cial        
,gov]nor ( t ,commonweal?1 f :om he     
receiv$ !      appo9tm5t ( ,indian      
,commission] ab\t ! ye> #aggj2 & x      
is to 8 bold & ent]pris+ _s t we are 9 a
 great      measure indebt$ = ! ,indian 
,treaties :i* ext5d$ !      settlem5ts (
 ,virg9ia ?r\gh ,k5tucky to ! ,ohio     
riv]4 ,he      left ,port ,patrick ,h5ry
 9 #aggi1 desc5d+ ! ,t5nessee riv]      
) all 8 family1 9 boats built on !      
,hol/on1 & came up      ! ,cumb]l& 9 ^? 
boats z high z ! ,clov] ,bottom1        
enc\nt]+ incr$ible toils & dang]s4 ,?ree
 ye>s      aft]w>ds1 9 #agic1 9         
conjunction ) ,col4 ,m>t91 he           
conclud$ an ,indian ,treaty1 by :i* !   
settlem5ts on !      ,cumb]l& riv] 7    
greatly b5efit$2 b he _h1 previ\sly     
to 8 dep>ture f ,virg9ia1 "u a contract 
) ,georgia1      explor$ ! c\ntry1 & run
 ! l9e betwe5 t ,/ate &      ,nor?      
,c>ol9a1 z f> we/ z ! ,mississippi riv]4

 ,aft]      settl+ 8 family ne> ! pres5t
 site ( ! ,h]mitage1 he      0 kill$ by 
! ,indians1 on a j\rney to ,k5tucky1 ne>
 !      ,big ,b>r5 ,riv]1 at ! advanc$  
age ( #ge4       ,samuel ,donelson 0 a  
lawy] by pr(ession1 & ! intimate        
fri5d & associate ( ,g54 ,jackson1 aft] 
:om he nam$ 8      son ,&rew1 :o 0 born 
on ! #be? ( ,augu/1 #ahjj4 ,on !        
second m>riage ( 8 "m1 ?is son 0 tak5   
into !      family ( ! ,g5]al1 :o became
 8 gu>dian & patron2 &      he rema9$ ! 
mo/ ( 8 "t ) him until he 0 prep>$      
to ent] ! ,cumb]l& ,college4 ,aft] f9i%+
 8 /udies at      ?is s*ool1 ,g54       
,jackson obta9$ = him a ,cadet's w>rant1
      :i* enabl$ him to ent] ! ,milit>y 
,academy at ,we/ ,po9t1      9 #ahaf4   
,he 0 "o ( ! fir/ class :i* 0 graduat$  
"u ! sup]9t5d5ce ( ,col4 ,?ay]--f9i%+ ! 
c\rse      ( /udies 9 ?ree1 in/ead ( f\r
 ye>s2 z is cu/om>y4      ,?r\gh\t 8    
s]vice at ,we/ ,po9t1 he 0 di/+ui%$ =   
8 pr(ici5cy 9 ma!matics1 & = ! facility 
) :i*      he ma/]$ all ! /udies :i*    

app]ta9 to milit>y      sci5ce4 ,no     
high] pro( ne$ be adduc$ ( ?is fact1 ?an
 !      position assign$ to him by !    
,bo>d ( ,exam9]s &      ,visitors1 :5 he
 graduat$4 ,he 0 plac$ ,no4 #b1 9 a     
class (      great m]it1 not)/&+ he _h !
 /udies ( two ye>s to      pass ?r\gh 9 
"o ye>1 & 0 recomm5d$ to ! ,dep>tm5t    
( ,w> = a commission 9 ! ,eng9e]        
,corps--a complim5t      accord$ only to
 ! mo/ di/+ui%$ ( ! class4       ,aft]  
obta9+ 8 commission1 ,mr4 ,donelson 0   
ord]$ to      ! ,we/]n fronti] to build 
a =t2 b be=e he rea*$      ?is          
de/9ation1 ! ,w> ,dep>tm5t1 on !        
application (      ,g54 ,jackson1 all[$ 
him to accept ! appo9tm5t (             
,aide-de-camp 9 ! /aff ( ! ,g5]al4 ,9   
?is capacity he      att5d$ ! ,g5]al :5 
he took possession ( ! ,floridas1      &
 rema9$ ) him until ! latt] resign$ 8   
commission      9 ! army4       ,at ?is 
p]iod1 ,mr4 ,donelson see+ no prospect =
 rapid      promotion 9 ! corps (       
,eng9e]s1 & %>+ ! conviction      !n s  

preval5t 9 ! army1 t ! conclusion ( ! w>
      ) ,engl& _h %ut ! door = a long "t
 to come aga9/      ^? milit>y          
ent]prises :i* are s tempt+ to ! (fic]  
& soldi]1 & feel+ also t he c\ld be m   
useful 9      ! pursuits ( civil life1  
turn$ 8 att5tion to ! /udy      ( law4  
,he accord+ly resign$ 8 commission2 &   
aft]      att5d+ ! c\rse ( law lectures 
9 ! ,transylvania      ,univ]sity1 !n "u
 ! presid5cy ( ,dr4 ,holly1 he receiv$  
8 lic5se1 & appe>$ at ! ,na%ville b> 9  
#ahbc1 hav+      =m$ a p>tn]%ip ) ,mr4  
,duncan4 ,circum/ances1 h[ev]1      soon
 occurr$1 :i* )drew him 9 a great degree
 f !      practice4 ,g5]al ,jackson 0   
aga9 9 ! field z a c&idate      = !     
,presid5cy1 & ne$$ ! s]vices ( a        
confid5tial      fri5d to aid him 9     
repell+ ! bitt] assaults :i* 7      made
 ^u 8 "* & s]vices4 ,animat$ by a deep  
s5se      ( gratitude1 no duty c\ld be m
 pleas+ to ,mr4 ,donelson      ?an t (  
contribut+ 8 labor to advance ! great   
popul> movem5t :i* aim$1 by ! elevation 

( 8      b5efactor & fri5d1 to promote !
 highe/ int]e/s ( !      c\ntry4 ,he    
!re=e *e]fully ent]$ aga9 into !        
,g5]al's family1 & travell$ ) him to    
,wa%+ton ,city      aft] ! elections 9  
#ahbd4 ,^? elections devolv$ !          
*oice ( ,presid5t ^u ! ,h\se (          
,repres5tatives4 ,mr4      ,adams 0 !   
successful c&idate1 al?\gh ,g54 ,jackson
 _h a      mu* l>g] popul> vote1 & 0    
evid5tly ! favorite ( !      p4       ,z
 is well kn[n to ! c\ntry1 ! result ( t 
election      gave increas$ =ce to !    
s5tim5t :i* _h plac$ ,g54      ,jackson 
9 nom9ation4 ,! ef=ts ( 8 fri5ds ?r\gh\t
      ! ,union became m active1 & 7 nev]
 abat$ until !      decision ( ! ,h\se (
 ,repres5tatives 9 #ahbd 0 rev]s$1      
& ,g54 ,jackson plac$ 9 ! ,presid5tial  
*air4 ,dur+ ^!      f\r ye>s1 ,mr4      
,donelson1 :o _h m>ri$ 9 #ahbd1 settl$  
^u      8 plantation adjo9+ ! ,h]mitage1
 & cont9u$ !re to      promote ! cause  
he _h esp\s$ s w>mly 9 ! beg9n+4        
,:5 ! elections ( #ahbh 7 ov]1 ,g54     

,jackson insi/$      ^u ! acceptance by 
,mr4 ,donelson ( ! po/ ( private        
,secret>y4 ,mr4 ,d4 accord+ly set out ) 
him 9 ! w9t] (      #ahbh = ! city (    
,wa%+ton1 tak+ ) him 8 wife1 :om      he
 _h m>ri$ 9 #ahbd4 ,?is lady 0 ! y\nge/ 
daught] (      ,capt4 ,john ,donelson1 &
 0 invit$ by ,g54 ,jackson to d !       
honors ( ! ,:ite ,h\se--a position :i*  
%e held ?r\gh\t      ! great] portion ( 
8 ,presid5cy4       ,x 0 9 ?is capacity 
t ,mr4 ,donelson ende>$ himself         
/ill m ?an ev] to ! ,h]o ( ! ,h]mitage4 
,he sp5t !      prime ( 8 life1 f #ahbh 
to #ahcf1 9 8 s]vice1 & he      felt    
himself amply rew>d$ by ! k he ?us      
acquir$      ( public m5 & measures4    
,at ! close ( ,g54 ,jackson's           
,presid5cy1 ,mr4 ,donelson      decl9$  
to take (fice "u ,mr4 ,van ,bur51 be+   
anxi\s =      a respite f public        
affairs1 & to enjoy ! pleasures (      8
 f>m2 ^u :i* he rema9$ until he 0 call$ 
unexpect$ly to take a "p 9 ! negotiation
 :i* br\ght      ,texas into our ,union4

 ,x 0 ^u ?is !atre t he      display$ ! 
judgm5t & tact :i* br\ght him prom95tly 
be=e ! c\ntry z a man t und]/ood !      
public      int]e/s1 & knew h[ to take  
c>e ( !m4       ,! commission appo9t+   
,mr4 ,donelson ,m9i/] to ,texas is      
dat$ ! #af? ( ,septemb]1 #ahdd4 ,mr4    
,calh\n1 !n ,secret>y      ( ,/ate1 9 ! 
lett] enclos+ ! commission1 says3       
',! /ate ( ?+s 9 ,texas is su* z to     
require t !      place 7,*>ge           
d',affaires7 %\ld be fill$ )\t delay1 & 
to select him :o1 "u all circum/ances1  
may be ?\ght be/      calculat$ to br+  
to a successful decision ! great "q     
( annexation p5d+ be=e ! two c\ntries4  
,aft] full      delib]ation1 y h be5    
select$ z t individual2 & ,i      d     
tru/1 my de> sir1 t y w n decl9e !      
appo9tm5t1 h[ev] great may be ! p]sonal 
sacrifice (      accept+4 ,t great "q   
mu/ be decid$ 9 ! next      ?ree or f\r 
mon?s2 & :e!r x %all be favorable or n1 
w dep5d on him :o %all fill ! mission n[
 t5d]$ y4      ,i ne$ n tell y h[ mu*   

dep5ds on its decision = weal      or   
woe to our c\ntry1 & p]haps ! :ole      
cont95t4 ,x is      suffici5t to say t1 
view$ 9 all its consequ5ces1 x is       
"o ( ! fir/ magnitude2 & t x gives an   
importance to      ! mission at ?is "t1 
t raises x to ! level ) !      highe/ 9 
! gift ( ! ,gov]nm5t4       ,assum+1    
!re=e1 t y w n decl9e !      appo9tm5t1 
unless "s insup]able difficulty %\ld    
int]pose1 & 9 ord] to avoid delay1 a    
commission is      h]e) transmitt$1 )\t 
! =mality ( wait+ y\r      acceptance1 )
 all ! necess>y pap]s4'  ,presid5t      
,polk1 aft] ?is1 confid$ an important & 
mo/ critical =eign negotiation to ,major
 ,donelson2 & 8 e/imate ( ! prud5ce1    
discretion1 & ability ) :i* ,major      
,donelson dis*>g$ 8 tru/1 appe>s f a    
lett] to ,major ,d4 f ! ,hon4 ,john ,y4 
,mason1 ,presid5t ,polk's ,secret>y (   
,w>1 dat$ ,augu/ #g?1 #ahde4 ,f t lett]1
 complim5t>y f beg9n+ to end1 we copy   
only ?is portion3       ,! s]vices :i* y
 h r5d]$ y\r c\ntry 9 !      delicate   

negotiations intru/$ to y1 are ju/ly    
appreciat$4      ,y\r prud5ce1          
discretion1 & ability h inspir$ !       
,presid5t ) a confid5ce :i* w\ld make   
him feel mu* m      at ease if t        
delicate task c\ld be 9 y\r h&s4        
,x gives me great pleasure to assure y t
 ! publication      ( y\r (ficial       
correspond5ce w give y a mo/ enviable   
reputation = ! highe/ qualities ( a     
/atesman &      diplomati/4       ,!    
,presid5t unites 9 ! k9de/ reg>ds1 ) y\r
 fri5d1                                 
,j4 ,y4 ,,mason4  ,,presid5t ,,pi]ce',s 
op9ion ( ,major ,donelson may be le>n$ f
 ! foll[+ lett]1 writt5 by him to !     
,major :5 ! latt] 0 ! editor ( !        
,wa%+ton ,union1 ! ,national ,organ ( ! 
,democratic p>ty3                       
,,concord1 ,may #cj1 #ahea4       ,,my  
,,de> ,,sir3 ,i rejoice t ! lead+ organ 
( our p>ty is      n[ "u y\r control1 & 
reg>d ! *ange z mo/      auspici\s at   
?is juncture4 ,!re is a great battle    
be=e      u--a battle = ! ,union--a     

battle = ! asc5d5cy ( !      pr9ciples1 
! ma9t5ance ( :i* s nobly signaliz$ !   
adm9i/ration ( ,g5]al ,jackson4 ,,!     
,,tone1 ,,vigor1 ,,&      ,,/atesmanlike
 ,,grasp :i* y h br\ght to ! columns (  
! ,union are n m]ely important1 !y are  
,,absolutely      ,,indisp5sable 9 ?is  
crisis4       ,) great respect1 y\r     
fri5d & s]vant1                         
,,frank4 ,,pi]ce4  ,! foll[+ article is 
f ! ,na%ville ,union1 ( ,octob] #ae1    
#ahdd1 ! ,t5nessee ,organ ( ,democracy1 
publi%$ )9 a few miles ( :]e ,major     
,donelson lives1 & has pass$ mo/ ( 8    
life4 ,?is article %[s :at op9ion 0     
ent]ta9$ ( him be=e he became a         
,"k-,no?+3       ,! diplomatic ag5cy (  
?is gov]nm5t 9 ,texas is1 at ?is        
mom5t1 ! mo/ important mission abroad2  
al?\gh x ranks      ) ^? ( ! second     
class1 its high & important duties      
require ! tal5ts ( "o e way qualifi$ = !
 fir/      =eign mission on ! globe4    
,we congratulate ! adm9i/ration on hav+ 
be5 able to      secure ! s]vices ( "o s

 em95tly qualifi$ 9 all      respects = 
! /ation1 ^: ?or\gh k ( !      relations
 subsi/+ betwe5 ! two c\ntries1 & ^:    
intimate acqua9tance ) ! prom95t /atesm5
 ( ?is &      t gov]nm5t1 w place him 9 
! enjoym5t ( advantages      :i* _c fail
 to secure to u ! mo/ desirable results4
       ,major ,donelson leaves 8        
plantation ne> ! ,h]mitage              
to-day--proce$+ ov]l& to ! ,mississippi 
riv] on 8 way      to ! ,texan          
,capital--& we _c b p>ticipate 9 !      
pa9ful emotions ) :i* ! ^w 'f>ewell' w  
be      ex*ang$ betwe5 himself & 8      
v5]able patron1 fri5d1 &      relative1 
',! ,sage ( ! ,h]mitage4'       ,9 view 
( ! advanc$ age ( ,g5]al ,jackson1 x is 
m      ?an probable t !y may nev] meet  
aga94 ,a relation%ip      next to t (   
fa!r & son1 if1 inde$1 x be n equally   
ne> & de>1 w be sev]$ p]haps = ev]4 ,&  
we feel      assur$ t no?+ %ort ( a s5se
 ( ,,duty ,,to ,,8 ,,c\ntry      c\ld h 
induc$ an acceptance ( ! mission4 ,nor1 
= ?is      patriotic reason1 w\ld ! ag$ 

vet]an advise him to decl9e      x4     
,major ,d4 leaves a ho/ ( good & true   
fri5ds1 :o w      cont9ue to h an abid+ 
solicitude = 8 heal? &      happ9ess1 & 
= 8 e>ly & complete success 9 'ext5d+   
! area ( fre$om4'  ,mr4 ,clayton1       
,secret>y ( ,/ate "u ,g54 ,taylor1 wrote
 to ,major ,donelson1 ann\nc+ !         
expiration ( ! diplomatic relations     
betwe5 ! ,unit$ ,/ates & ,g]many1 7:]e !
 ,major 0 /ation$17 & clos$ ) ! foll[+  
complim5t>y expressions3       ,i am    
direct$ by ! ,presid5t to express to y 8
 entire      approbation ( y\r conduct1 
& ,i _c take leave ( y 9      y\r public
 "* )\t add+ my te/imony to t (      !  
,presid5t to ! ability & fai?fulness )  
:i* y      h dis*>g$ ! ardu\s & delicate
 duties :i* y\r      mission impos$ ^u  
y4                                      
,,john ,m4 ,,clayton4  ,! ,democratic   
p>ty hav+ always boa/$ t ,g54 ,jackson 0
 unsurpass$ 9 8 ke5 & un]r+ insight into
 ! *>act]s ( m51 we mu/ be p]mitt$ to   
call _! att5tion to a clause 9 ! ,la/ ,w

 & ,te/am5t ( ,g54 ,jackson1 z record$ 9
 ! c\nty ( ,davidson4 ,?is clause sets  
=? ! e/imate plac$ ^u ,mr4 ,donelson by 
! old ,g5]al1 aft] ?is fa%ion3          
,,h]mitage1 ,june #g1 #ahdc4       444  
,i bequea? to my well-belov$ nephew1    
,&rew ,j4 ,donelson1      son ( ,samuel 
,donelson1 deceas$1 ! elegant sword     
pres5t$      to me by ! ,/ate (         
,t5nessee1 ) ?is injunction1 t he       
fail n to use x :5 necess>y 9 support & 
protection (      our glori\s ,union1 & 
= ! protection ( !      con/itutional   
rights ( our belov$ c\ntry1 %\ld !y be  
assail$ by =eign enemies or dome/ic     
traitors4 ,?is1 f      ! great *ange 9  
my worldly affairs ( late1 is1 ) my     
bless+1 all t ,i c bequea? him1 do+     
ju/ice to ^?      cr$itors to :om ,i am 
responsible4 ,?is beque/ is made z a    
mem5to ( ! high reg>d1 affection1 &     
e/eem ,i be> =      him z a high-m9d$1  
hone/1 & honorable man4  ,& n[1 to %[ t 
,g54 ,jackson _h n *ang$ 8 op9ion ( !   
,major1 we give ab\t ! la/ epi/le he ev]

 wrote to him1 z x be>s date b a few    
days previ\s to 8 dea?3                 
,,h]mitage1 ,may #bd1 #ahde4       ,,my 
,,de> ,,&rew3 ,i receiv$ la/ night y\r  
affectionate lett]      ( ! #ae? in/41 )
 ! enclos$ = y\r de> ,elizabe?1      :i*
 ,i s5t =?)1 & y\r k9d lett] ( ! #ac?   
?is      morn+4 ,y\r family 7 "h        
ye/]day4 ,all well1 b look+      out = y
 h\rly4 ,i assur$ ,elizabe? t y c\ld n  
leave y\r mission be=e ! ,texan         
,congress act$ ^u !      subject ) :i* y
 7 *>g$4 ,i %all admoni% h] to be       
pati5t & await y\r return1 :i* w be !   
mom5t y\r      honor & duty w p]mit4    
99       99       99       99       99  
,my de> ,&rew3--,:at may be my fate ,god
 only kn[s4 ,i am      greatly          
afflict$--suff] mu*1 & x w be almo/ a   
miracle      if ,i %all survive my      
pres5t attack4 ,i am swoll5 f !         
toes to ! cr[n ( ! head1 & 9 b&ages to  
my hips4       ,h[ f> my ,god may ?9k   
prop] to be> me up "u my weight      (  
afflictions1 he only kn[s4 ,b1 my de>   

,major1 live or die1      y h my bless+ 
& pray]s = y\r welf>e & happ9ess      9 
?is _w1 & t we may meet 9 a blissful    
immortality4                            
,y\r affectionate uncle1                
,,&rew ,,jackson4  ,:ile editor ( !     
,wa%+ton ,union1 ,major ,donelson       
frankly admitt$1 9 8 acc\nt ( ! election
 9 ,t5nessee1 betwe5 ,gov4 ,campbell &  
,g54 ,tr\sdale1 t ! latt] ow$ 8 defeat  
to 8 opposition to ! ,compromise        
measures1 & 8 sympa?ies ) !             
,disunioni/s4 ,9 ! ,h>t=d ,conv5tion    
held 9 ,na%ville1 ! ,major appe>$ 9     
p]son1 & d5\nc$ ! :ole conc]n z a bl[ at
 ! ,union1 & its prime mov]s & advocates
 z traitors to _! c\ntry & to !         
,con/itution4 ,^! ,secession ,democrats1
 head$ by ,a4 ,v4 ,br[n1 ,ea/man  ,co41 
are uncompromis+ 9 _! hatr$ ( ! ,major1 
& !y nev] w =give him1 :ile he rema9s   
true to ! ,union ( ^! ,/ates1 & !       
,con/itution z x is1 :i* w be to ! late/
 h\r ( 8 e>?ly exi/5ce6 ,_h he nev]     
oppos$ ! treasonable designs ( !        

,na%ville ,conv5tion--& _h he n advocat$
 ! doctr9es ( ! ,am]ican p>ty1 ^! same  
m5 w\ld n[ be l\d 9 8 praise1 z !       
relative1 ! political /ud5t1 & !        
successor ( ! ,sage ( ! ,h]mitage6      
,f ! ,knoxville ,:ig ( ,june #ad1 #ahef4
  ,,bu*anan ,,nom9at$ ,,at              
,,c9c9nati4--,,disp]sion ,,(            
,,fal/aff',s ,,army6   ,! ,c9c9nati     
,anti-,am]ican1 ,anti-,prote/ant1 ,=eign
 ,ca?olic1 ,loc(oco ,p[ ,w[1 has        
met--transact$ its appropriate          
bus9ess--nom9at$ old ,f$]al ,james      
,bu*anan1 ( ,p5nsylvania1 = !           
,presid5cy1 & ,rob]t ,c4 ,breck5ridge1 (
 ,k5tucky1 = ! ,vice ,presid5cy--&      
disp]s$3 deal+ l>gely 9 ! old game (    
brag1 z to ! nationality1 s\ndness1 &   
ability ( _! ticket2 :5 x is notori\s1 t
 !y h at ! head ( _! ticket "o ( ! mo/  
vuln]able m5 9 ! nation2 an old         
political hack1 :o has be5 e ?+ by turns
 & no?+ long2 advocat+ & oppos+ all !   
lead+ measures :i* h agitat$ ! c\ntry = 
! la/ =ty ye>s1 z we %all %[ 9 ! sequel6

  ,!y _h an awful "t at ,c9c9nati6 ,!y  
organiz$ by call+ to ! *air1 tempor>ily1
 ! notori\s ,sam'l4 ,m$>y1 ! ,abolition 
editor ( ! ,ohio ,/atesman4 ,ei!r !     
anti-slav]y =ces 7 9 ! majority1 or !   
odds & ends ( all p>ties repres5t$ 9 !  
,conv5tion desir$ to conciliate !       
,abolition & ,black ,republican w+s ( _!
 ,=eign ,corporation6  ,! ,miss\ri      
,delegation 7 refus$ _! seats1 & !y     
op5ly rebell$1 =c+ _! way into !        
,conv5tion ) clubs1 knock+ d[n & cruelly
 mangl+ ! head & %\ld]s ( ! poor        
doorkeep]6 ,f ?is1 x w\ld seem t !y 7   
do+ bus9ess ) clos$ doors6 ,wond] if !y 
_h a password6 ,_h !y signs & grips1 o!r
 ?an ^? by :i* !y made !mselves kn[n to 
! doorkeep]8  ,did !y c>ry ) !m         
d>k-lant]ns8 ,n !y--!y are oppos$ to all
 secrecy--!y are oppos$ to all disord]ly
 conduct--!y are ! h>moni\s ,democracy1 
& labor alone = ! good ( ! c\ntry1 & (  
po/]ity6 ,:at a f>ce _! ,c9c9nati       
,conv5tion 06 ,& :at hypocrites !y are6 
,b two full sets ( ,delegates appe>$ f  

,new ,york1 & claim$ _! seats2 ^! 7     
,h>ds & ,s(ts--,pi]ce &                 
anti-,pi]ce--,nebraska &                
anti-,nebraska--pro-,slav]y &           
anti-,slav]y1 ,filibu/]+ ,=eign ,ca?olic
 ,democrats6 ,be+ unable to agree among 
!mselves1 & ! ,conv5tion n wi%+ to (f5d 
ei!r ( ^! w+s ( ! great ,h>moni\s       
,democratic ,p>ty1 !y reject$ bo?       
delegations6 ,?is 0 hav+ a bad effect1 z
 a portion ( ea* delegation 0 out (     
doors curs+ ! majority1 & mak+ ?reats z 
to :at !y w\ld d4 ,s ! ,conv5tion       
reconsid]$ _! cases1 & ,,admitt$ ,,bo?  
,,delegations ,,to ,,seats4 ,!y !n      
progress$ h>moni\sly1 mu* aft] ! /yle ( 
a rickety old c>t on a hill-side1 drawn 
by a balky horse1 ^: driv] curses him :5
 at fault1 & curses him :5 faultless4   
,frequ5tly ! sc5es ( confusion &        
excitem5t 7 alike disgu/+ & al>m+4 ,!   
fri5ds ( ,d\glass1 ,pi]ce1 & ,bu*anan1 7
 alike bitt]1 & ea* dispos$ to ru9 !    
p>ty if !y %\ld fail to get _! man      
nom9at$4 ,! anti-slav]y portion ( !     

,conv5tion 7 mu* inc5s$ aga9/ ! ,s\? = !
 lam-ba/+ giv5 to ,s5ator ,sumn] by     
,repres5tative ,brooks1 = words spok5 9 
debate4 ,"o ( ,bu*anan's m5 boa/$ t !   
assault ( ,brooks on ,sumn] _h ga9$     
tw5ty votes = ,old ,buck6 ,& o!rs ( !   
,bu*anan w+1 out ( doors1 7 /at+ t !y _h
 reliable evid5ce t ,old ,buck did n    
approve ! assault1 :ile ,pi]ce &        
,d\glass did6 ,we h no d\bt t ?is sort (
 influ5ce1 add$ to ,bu*anan's kn[n      
ho/ility to slav]y1 secur$ = him !      
nom9ation4 ,&1 z if desir\s to atone = !
 s9 aga9/ ! ,s\? ( nom9at+ an old       
,anti-,slav]y ,f$]ali/1 !y came into a  
,s\!rn ,/ate1 ,k5tucky1 & select$ a "y &
 inexp]i5c$ politician1 ,mr4 ,rob]t ,c4 
,breck5ridge1 = ! ,vice ,presid5cy4 ,z  
,breck5ridge is brave1 & has *all5g$ 8  
man = a duel1 !y c n[ turn ab\t & appeal
 to ! ,*ur*-go+ folks to su/a9 _! ticket
 = :at !y implor$ !m to repudiate ! ,:ig
 ticket 9 #ahdd6 ,besides1 ,breck5ridge 
approves ! ba/+ ( ,sumn] by ,brooks1 &  
?is w (fset ,bu*anan's opposition to t  

,s\!rn ,democratic measure6 ,breck5ridge
 has ano!r virtue1 :i* aid$ 9 secur+ 8  
nom9ation4 ,?\gh ! nephew ( ^? able     
,"k-,no?+ ,presbyt]ian ,prea*]s ( t     
,/ate1 he has ! indep5d5ce to come out 9
 opposition to !m1 & ! insult+ claims   
set up by ,prote/ants g5]ally1 & to     
advocate & def5d ! ,roman ,ca?olics4  ,!
 ri* & racy sc5es t came (f 9 !         
,conv5tion1 we w leave our sev]al fri5ds
 f ,na%ville1 :o 7 !re z report]s 9 !   
,conv5tion = ! ,am]ican pap]s1 to set   
=?4 ,) m tru? ?an poetry1 ! unt]rifi$   
,democracy conv5$ at ,c9c9nati c say1   
,our army swore t]ribly 9 ,fl&]s6 ,& h[ 
c\ld x h be5 o!rwise8 ,! ,conv5tion 0   
l>ge--compos$ ( sev]al hundr$ delegates1
 drawn toge!r f all sections ( ! c\ntry1
 ,ea/1 ,we/1 ,nor?1 & ,s\?--held toge!r 
by ! cohesive p[] ( public plund]--&    
repres5t+ e v>iety & %ade ( op9ion kn[n 
& held "u ! mu* abus$ b compreh5sive "n 
( ,democracy6 ,nor 0 ! moral & p]sonal  
"* ( ! ,conv5tion less mix$ & _m-color$ 
?an 0 its politics4  ,9 look+ ov] !     

proce$+s ( ?is coalition & comb9ation ( 
,bogus ,democrats1 ,=eign ,paup]        
,advocates1 & anti-,prote/ant lov]s (   
,religi\s ,lib]ty1 we h look$ 9 va9 = ! 
names ( di/+ui%$ ,t5nesseeans1 :o ought 
to h be5 second be/1 to say ! lea/ ( x1 
9 ! ballots = a nom9ation6 ,x 0 t ,a>on 
,v4 ,br[n1 ! son ( a n[ sa9t$ fa!r1 0   
put 9 nom9ation = ! (fice ( ,vice       
,presid5t1 by a ,mr4 ,br[n1 suppos$ to  
be 8 nephew2 b mak+ no run at all1 he 0 
tak5 (f ! track in/antly--rubb$ d[n &   
salt$ away6  ,b ,&rew ,johnson1 :o 0 to 
h be5 nom9at$ = ! fir/ (fice )9 ! gift (
 ! ,am]ican p & no mi/ake1 767 0 n ev5  
nam$1 & "s say he 0 n ev5 ?\ght ( = !   
position4 ,we _h suppos$ t !re exi/$    
among ! lead]s ( ! self-/yl$ ,democracy1
 a det]m9ation to doom to utt] ext9ction
 ! light t has guid$ ! *ildr5 (         
,political ,re=m 9 ,t5nessee1 & ?r\gh\t 
! kn[n _w1 & n[ we "k x6 ,! oppos]s (   
intellectual emancipation1 ( ,jacob's   
,ladd] ,democracy1 s sup]ior to         
,*ri/ianity1 h triumph$ at ,c9c9nati1 & 

trampl$ "u foot1 ) impunity1 ! s\l-/irr+
 doctr9e ( conv]g+ l9es4 ,! next /eps ) 
^! enemies ( righte\sness w be ! rack1 !
 gibbet1 & a second edition ( ! inf]nal 
inquisition6 ,w ! fri5ds ( ! ,:ite      
,basis ,gov]nor ( ,t5nessee tamely      
surr5d] _! de>e/ rights to ^! ,c9c9nati 
crusad]s1 )\t a s+le /ruggle8 ,w !y all[
 ! saddle ( ,f$]al dom9ation to be      
quietly ?r[n on _! backs8 ,ye ,gre5e    
c\nty delegates =bid x6  ,b ,johnson is 
doom$ to an +lori\s retirem5t f public  
life4 ,he c console himself ) !         
reflection1 t rank only degrades--weal? 
only impov]i%es--ornam5ts b disfigure   
him6 ,! man :o discov]$ t ! ,bogus      
,democracy ( ! n9ete5? c5tury leads     
fall5 s9ful man to ! ?rone ( ,god1 ne$s 
no (fice to elevate him4 ,^! ,johnson   
,democrats enjoy ! pure religion (      
,democracy--a religion :i* ent]s !      
closet--p\rs =? its supplications 9     
private1 fe$s ! poor1 clo!s !           
nak$--inflames n ! prejudices (         
,prote/ant sects--is mode/ & unassum+ 9 

its demeanor--is *>itable & k9d to !    
p]secut$ & pi\s ,ca?olics--be>s ) !     
infirmities ( ,=eign ,paup]s--is n      
ambiti\s & design+1 seek+ to accompli%  
va/ s*emes by d\btful means6  ,:ile ,old
 ,f$]al ,buck 0 nom9at$ on ! sev5te5?   
ballot1 aft] mu* excitem5t1 wrangl+ &   
abuse1 "y ,breck5ridge1 ^: only m]it is 
8 hav+ *all5g$ ! ,hon4 ,francis ,b4     
,cutt+1 ( ,new ,york1 to fight a duel1  
two ye>s ago1 0 nom9at$ on ! second     
ballot4 ,! ballot = a c&idate = ! ,vice 
,presid5cy result$ z foll[s3      ,john 
,c4 ,breck5ridge1 ( ,k5tucky1      #ee  
,john ,a4 ,quitman1 ( ,mississippi1     
#ei     ,l9n ,boyd1 ( ,k5tucky1         
#cc     ,b5jam9 ,fitzpatrick1 (         
,alabama1       #aa     ,a>on ,v4 ,br[n1
 ( ,t5nessee1           #bi     ,h]s*el 
,v4 ,johnson1 ( ,georgia1        #ca    
,?omas ,j4 ,rusk1 ( ,texas1             
#b     ,wm  ,h4 ,polk1 ( ,t5nessee1     
#e     ,j4 ,c4 ,dobb91 ( ,nor? ,c>ol9a1 
#ac  ,a second ballot 0 ent]$ into1 :5  
,hon4 ,john ,c4 ,breck5ridge1 (         

,k5tucky1 0 unanim\sly *os54  ,t5nessee1
 9 vot+ = a ,presid5tial c&idate1 vot$  
,,six times = ,pi]ce1 & ,,eight times = 
,d\glass1 & nev] came ov] to old ,f$]al 
,buck until !y c\ld d no?+ = ,pi]ce or  
,d\glass4 ,buck seems to h be5 a fill = 
,t5nessee6 ,b n[1 ! ,t5nessee ,democracy
 say3      ,) h\nds & horn1     ,at rosy
 morn1     ,we ,bucks a hunt+ g6  ,well1
 we ,am]icans w get aft] ,old ,buck's   
v5ison too1 & betwe5 ?is & ,novemb]     
next1 _m w be ! /eak we %all eat out ( 8
 old ,f$]al c>cass4 ,x is v5ison wor?y (
 ! *ase1 =      ----,f9] or fatt]       
,ne'er roam$ 9 ! =e/1     ,or smok$ 9 a 
platt]4  ,s--      ,hi1 ho1 ,*evy1      
,h>k away1 h>k away1 tantivy1     ,"h   
re/s ! bur!n ( my song1     ,?is "t a   
/ag mu/ die4  ,b ,democracy h comm5c$ _!
 old game ( brag1 by puff+ _! ticket z a
 national & cons]vative ticket1 ! v ?+  
!y d5i$4 ,n[ let u look into ! s\ndness 
& nationality ( ! ,,head ( ! ticket4 ,we
 h be=e u a copy ( a "w publi%$ 9 #ahci1
 by ,rob]t ,mayo1 ,m4 ,d41 entitl$1     

,political ,sket*es ( ,eight ,ye>s 9    
,wa%+ton1 9 f\r p>ts4 ,?is "w has gone  
?r\gh v>i\s editions1 hav+ be5 publi%$  
by ,field+ ,lucas1 ,jr41 ( ,baltimore2  
,g>ret ,&]son1 ( ,wa%+ton2 ,j4 ,r4      
,smi?1 ( ,ri*mond2 ,c>ey1 ,h>t  ,co41 ( 
,philadelphia1 & by o!rs 9 ,new ,york & 
,bo/on4 ,on page #ch ( ?is "w1 :i* ,mr4 
,bu*anan has nev] contradict$1 he is    
report$ to h d5\nc$ ! visions1          
patronage1 & corruptions ( ! ,democratic
 ,adm9i/rations1 :ile he1 ,bu*anan1 0 a 
memb] ( ! ,old ,f$]al ,p>ty4  ,on page  
#f ( ?is "w1 9 ! preface1 ! au?or says1 
9 speak+ ( ,bu*anan be=e he turn$       
,democrat3       ,! decl>ations ( "s (  
^! new disciples ( ,democracy      9 pa/
 times are /rik+ en\gh4 ,,mr4 ,,bu*anan 
(      ,,p5nsylvania1 :ile he act$ 9 8  
true "*1 ,,decl>$      ,,t ,,if ,,he    
,,_h ,a ,,drop ,,( ,,democratic ,,blood 
,,9 ,,8 ,,ve9s1 ,,he      ,,w\ld ,,let  
,,x ,,out6 ,he put 8 royal decl>ation on
 pap]1 & x      has ris5 up aga9/ him4  
,a rec5t brief memoir ( ,mr4 ,bu*anan1  

put =? 9 ,p5nsylvania1 /ates t he 0     
elect$ to ! ,legislature 9 #ahae1 :]e he
 di/+ui%$ himself by ^? exhibitions (   
intellect :i* gave promise ( future     
em95ce4 ,! ,lanca/] ,regi/]1 publi%$ 9 !
 imm$iate vic9ity ( ,mr4 ,bu*anan's     
resid5ce1 asks by :om 0 he elect$8 & ?us
 supplies ! record = #ahae3             
,,assembly4       ,= ,,james ,,bu*anan1 
,f$]al    #cjea         ,molton ,o4     
,rog]s1 ,democrat   #bejb  ,! memoir    
sets =? t ,mr4 ,bu*anan 0 elect$ to     
,congress 9 #ahbj1 & t he reta9$ 8      
position 9 t body = t5 ye>s1 volunt>ily 
retir+4  ,! ,lanca/] ,regi/] inquires if
 he 7 elect$ z a ,democrat1 & answ]s !  
inquiry by ! foll[+ hi/orical facts3    
,,congress4       #ahbj--;,james        
,bu*anan1 ,f$]al      #dfdb             
,jacob ,hibsman1 ,democrat      #cfff   
#ahbb--;,james ,bu*anan1 ,f$]al         
#baec           ,jacob ,hibsman1        
,democrat      #aidj      #ahbd--;,james
 ,bu*anan1 ,f$]al      #cefj            
,samuel ,h\/on1 ,democrat     #cjdf     

#ahbf--;,james ,bu*anan1 ,f$]al         
#bgfj           ,dr4 ,john ,mc,camant1  
,democrat  #bcjg      #ahbh--;,james    
,bu*anan1 ,jackson      #ebjc           
,william ,hie/]1 ,adams       #cijd  ,! 
,lanca/] ,regi/] !n pursues its         
criticism z foll[s3       ,on ! #d? (   
,july1 #ahae1 ,mr4 ,bu*anan1 :5 he 0 a  
c&idate = ,assembly on ! ,f$]al ticket1 
deliv]$ 'an      oration' 9 ,lanca/]1 9 
:i* he %[$ 8 love (      ,f$]alism &    
hatr$ ( ,democracy1 by attack+ !        
,adm9i/ration ( ,james ,madison4 ,he    
said3       ',"t w n all[ me to enum]ate
 all ! o!r evils &      wick$ projects (
 ! ,democratic adm9i/ration4'       ,&  
aga91 9 ! same oration1 he said3        
',:at mu/ be our op9ion ( an opposition 
^: passions 7      s d>k & malignant z  
to be gratifi$ 9 endeavor+ to      bla/ 
! "* & imbitt] ! old age ( ,wa%+ton8    
,aft] ?us p]secut+ ! savi\r ( 8 c\ntry1 
h[ c !      ,democratic p>ty d>e to call
 !mselves 8 disciples8'  ,& :o does n   
recollect1 9 ,t5nessee1 ) :at =ce &     

effect ,,james ,c4 ,,jones us$ to po9t  
out ,,james ,,bu*anan z "o ( ! rank old 
,f$]ali/s :o _h come ov] to !           
,democratic ranks1 & 0 battl+ ) ,col4   
,polk1 side by side1 :ile he 0 consum+  
half 8 "t 9 abuse ( ! ,f$]al p>ty8 ,:5 !
 ,democratic c&idate = ,congress 9 ?is  
,di/rict1 ,,julius ,w4 ,,blackwell1 *>g$
 ,f$]alism ^u ! ,:ig p>ty1 :o does n    
recollect ) :at effect & _s ,,john ,h4  
,,crozi] ran ov] ! li/ ( ,,odi\s ,,old  
,,f$]ali/s1 !n fight+ "u ! ,democratic  
flag1 among !m nam+ out ,,james         
,,bu*anan8 ,& w n ! files ( !           
,,knoxville ,,po/1 edit$ by ,capt4      
,,james ,,williams1 %[ h[ he held up    
,,james ,,bu*anan & o!rs z an old       
,f$]ali/ ( ! fir/ wat]8  ,on ! subject (
 ,slav]y ! memoir is n def9ite1 & !     
,lanca/] ,regi/] comes to its aid by    
publi%+ ! foll[+ proce$+s ( a public    
meet+ held 9 t city on ! #bc;d (        
,novemb]1 #ahai3       ,,:]eas1 ! p (   
?is ,/ate1 pursu+ ! maxims &            
animat$ by ! b5efic5ce ( ! great f\nd] (

      ,p5nsylvania1 fir/ gave effect to 
! gradual abolition (      slav]y by a  
national act1 :i* has n only rescu$ !   
unhappy & helpless ,african )9 _!       
t]ritory f !      demoraliz+ influ5ce ( 
slav]y1 b ameliorat+ 8 /ate      &      
condition ?r\gh\t ,europe & ,am]ica2 &  
:]eas1 x      w\ld illy comport ) ^?    
humane & ,*ri/ian ef=ts to      be sil5t
 spectators :5 ?is great cause (        
humanity is ab\t      to be agitat$ 9   
,congress1 by fix+ ! de/9y ( ! new      
doma9s ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates3 !re=e1        
,resolv$1 ,t ! repres5tatives 9         
,congress f ?is      di/rict be & !y are
 h]eby mo/ e>ne/ly reque/$ to use       
_! utmo/ endeavors1 z memb]s ( !        
,national ,legislature1      to prev5t !
 exi/5ce ( slav]y 9 any ( ! ,t]ritories 
or new ,/ates :i* may be creat$ by      
,congress4       ,resolv$1 ,z ! op9ion (
 ?is meet+1 t z !      ,legislature (   
?is ,/ate w %ortly be 9 session1 x w    
be highly des]v+ ( _! wisdom &          
patriotism to take into      _! e>ly &  

mo/ s]i\s consid]ation ! propriety (    
in/ruct+ our repres5tatives 9 !         
,national ,legislature to      use ! mo/
 zeal\s & /r5u\s ex]tions to inhibit !  
exi/5ce ( slav]y 9 any ( ! ,t]ritories  
or ,/ates :i*      may h]eaft] be creat$
 by ,congress2 & t ! memb]s (           
,assembly f ?is c\nty be reque/$ to     
embrace ! e>lie/      opportunity ( br++
 ?is subject be=e bo? ,h\ses ( !        
,legislature4       ,resolv$1 ,t1 9 !   
op9ion ( ?is meet+1 ! memb]s      (     
,congress :o at ! la/ session su/a9$ !  
cause (      ju/ice1 humanity1 &        
patriotism1 9 oppos+ ! introduction     
( slav]y into ! ,/ate !n endeavor$ to be
 =m$ out (      ! ,miss\ri ,t]ritory1   
are entitl$ to ! w>me/ ?anks (      e   
fri5d ( humanity4       ,resolv$1 ,t !  
proce$+s ( ?is meet+ be publi%$      9 !
 newspap]s 9 ?is city4                  
,,james ,,hopk9s1                       
,,wm4 ,,j5k9s1                          
,,james ,,bu*anan4       ,! =ego+       
resolutions be+ read 7 unanim\sly       

adopt$1      aft] :i* ! meet+ adj\rn$4  
7,sign$7                                
,,walt] ,,frankl91 ,*'n4                
,atte/--,,wm4 ,,j5k9s1 ,sec'y4  ,! ,p]ry
 ,c\nty ,democratic ,press1 = ,april    
#i?1 #ahef1 an able pap] publi%$ at     
,bloomfield 9 ,p5nsylvania1 %[s up !    
,f$]al anti-slav]y1 anti-,democratic1   
turn-coat "* ( ,mr4 ,bu*anan1 aft] ?is  
fa%ion3        ,,james ,,bu*anan',s     
,,som]sets4       ,no man 9 ! ,unit$    
,/ates has turn$ 8 political coat z     
(t5 z ,james ,bu*anan4 ,he has esp\s$ ! 
pr9ciples (      e p>ty t has _h an     
exi/5ce s9ce ! memorable      ,h>t=d    
,conv5tion1 & has be5 on all sides (    
political      que/ions4       ,a brief 
ref]5ce to 8 hi/ory w e/abli%           
conclusively      our ass]tions4        
,,8 ,,f$]alism4       ,he ent]$         
political life 9 #ahad z a rank         
,f$]ali/1 & by      ! ,f$]al p>ty he 0  
elect$ to ! ,legislature ( !      ,/ate4
 ,he 0 re-elect$ 9 #ahae1 defeat+       
,molton ,c4 ,rog]s1      ! ,democratic  

c&idate1 & aft]w>ds "o ( ! ,supreme     
,judges ( ! ,/ate4       ,9 #ahbj1 he 0 
! ,f$]al c&idate = ,congress1 & 0       
elect$ ov] ,jacob ,hibsman1 !           
,democratic c&idate1 by #igf            
majority4 ,9 #ahbb1 he 0 relect$ ov] !  
same man by #hac      majority4 ,9      
#ahbd1 he 0 ! ,f$]al c&idate =          
,congress1      & elect$ ov] ,samuel    
,h\/on1 ! ,democratic c&idate1 by       
#eai votes4 ,9 #ahbf1 he 0 re-elect$ ov]
 ,dr4 ,john ,mc,camant1      !          
,democratic c&idate1 by #dec votes4 ,8  
majorities 7      becom+ less ea* "t1 & 
9 ord] to satisfy 8 ,f$]al      fri5ds (
 8 fidelity to ! p>ty1 he _h to decl>e t
      'if he _h a drop ( ,democratic    
blood 9 8 ve9s1 he w\ld      op5 !m &   
let x out4'        ,,he ,,becomes ,a    
,,democrat4       ,two ye>s aft] ?is1 he
 *ang$ 8 coat & became a                
full-blood$ ,democrat1 & ran = ,congress
 z ! ,democratic      c&idate1 & 0      
elect$ by virtue ( ,g5]al ,jackson's    
popul>ity4 ,he 0 afraid to run a second 

t]m1 & he      decl9$4        ,,8 ,,t5  
,,c5t ,,spee*4       ,9 #ahdc1 9 !      
,unit$ ,/ates ,s5ate1 he made a spee*   
advocat+ ! pr9ciple t t5 c5ts is a      
suffici5t      comp5sation = a day's    
labor4 ,h5ce he is call$ ',t5 ,c5t      
,jimmy4'       ,9 #ahde1 he became      
,secret>y ( ,/ate "u ,polk's            
adm9i/ration1 & cons5t$ to give away    
ab\t half ( !      ,t]ritory ( ,oregon  
to ! ,briti% gov]nm5t1 aft] he _h       
prov5 t !y _h n a sp>k ( title to x4    
,he extoll$ ! ,f$]al adm9i/ration (     
,john ,adams1 &      endors$ ! abom9able
 ,ali5 & ,s$ition laws ( ! ,f$]al       
reign ( t]ror4 ,he bitt]ly d5\nc$ !     
adm9i/ration (      t pure ,democrat1   
,james ,madison1 & ridicul$ :at he t]m$ 
! follies ( ,?omas ,jeff]son4        ,,8
 ,,slav]y ,,som]sets4       ,9 #ahai1 at
 a meet+ 9 ,lanca/]1 he report$         
resolutions      favor+ resi/ance to !  
ext5sion ( slav]y & !      admission ( !
 ,/ate ( ,miss\ri z a slave ,/ate4      
,9 #ahdg1 he wrote to ! ,democracy (    

,b]ks c\nty1 say+      t ! ,miss\ri     
,compromise _h giv5 peace to ! c\ntry1  
& t in/ead ( repeal+ x he 0 9 favor (   
its      ext5sion & ma9t5ance4       ,9 
#ahej1 9 a lett] to ,col4 ,=ney1 he     
rejoic$ ov] !      settlem5t ( ! slav]y 
agitation by ! passage ( !              
compromise measures dur+ ,fillmore's    
adm9i/ration1 & hop$      t be=e a      
dissolution ( ! ,union he might be ga!r$
 to      8 fa!rs1 & nev] be p]mitt$ to  
witness ! sad      cata/rophe4       ,9 
#aheb1 he wrote to ,mr4 ,leake1 (       
,virg9ia1 conc]n+      ,fillmore's      
compromise measures ( #ahej1 :i* _h be5 
pass$      by ,congress1 & said1 't !   
volcano has be5 ext+ui%$1      & ! man  
:o w\ld apply ! firebr& to ! combu/ible 
mat]ials /ill rema9+1 w produce an      
eruption t w      ov]:elm ! ,con/itution
 & ! ,union4        ,,bu*anan',s ,,la/  
,,som]set4       ,on ! #bh? ( ,decemb]1 
#ahee1 ab\t ?ree mon?s ago1 ,mr4        
,bu*anan1 9 a lett] to ,john ,slidell1 (
 ,l\isiana1 says3 ',!      ,miss\ri     

,compromise is gone1 & gone = ev]4 ,x   
has      dep>t$4 ,! "t = x has pass$    
away1 & ! be/1 nay1      ! only mode n[ 
left ( putt+ d[n ! fanatical &          
reckless _s ( ! ,nor? is to adh]e to !  
exi/+      settlem5t )\t ! slighte/     
?\ght or appe>ance (      wav]+1 & )\t  
reg>d+ any /orm :i* may be rais$        
aga9/ x4  ,"h1 !n1 is an au!ntic        
record--if ! read] please1 a            
,,gilt-,,frame ,,p5nsylvania            
,,look+-,,glass1 9 :i* ! ,democracy ( ! 
,s\? :o admire ! nom9ee ( ! late        
,c9c9nati ,conv5tion c see him z he is6 
,h]et(ore1 to use ! language ( ,holy    
,writ1 !y h se5 him ?r\gh a glass d>kly1
 b n[ face to face4 ,"h !y see him /&+  
erect ^u ! floor ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates      
,s5ate1 9 all ! pride ( t ari/ocracy :i*
 has *>act]iz$ 8 c\rse 9 life1 & giv+   
v5t to ! old & bitt] feel+s ( ! royali/s
 9 ,p5nsylvania1 by advocat+ !          
oppressive ,briti% doctr9e1 t ,,t5      
,,c5ts ,,p] ,,day is en\gh = a poor :ite
 man z a day-labor]6 ,& "h1 too1 our    

h>d-fi/$ work+-m51 ,nor? & ,s\?1 c see  
:at sort ( a man ! ,democracy are ask+  
!m to vote = = ! ,presid5cy6  ,9 8 ,f\r?
 ( ,july oration 9 #ahae1 deliv]$ 9 !   
he>+ ( an imm5se cr[d1 & aft]w>ds       
publi%$ 9 all ! lead+ pap]s (           
,p5nsylvania1 ,mr4 ,bu*anan came out z a
 ,"k-,no?+1 :i* he has n[ to repudiate 9
 /epp+ ^u ! ,anti-,am]ican ,ca?olic     
,plat=m prep>$ = him at ,c9c9nati6 ,"h  
is :at he said 9 t celebrat$ oration3   
,! great] "p ( ^? =eign]s :o w\ld n be  
?us      affect$ by x1 h long be5 !     
w>me/ fri5ds ( !      p>ty4 ,!y _h be5  
"o ( ! great means ( elevat+ !          
pres5t rul+ 7,democratic7 p>ty1 & x w\ld
 h be5      ungrateful = t p>ty to h    
ab&on$ !m4 ,to secure      ?is =eign    
feel+ has be5 ! labor ( _! lead]s =     
m ?an tw5ty ye>s1 & well h !y be5 paid =
 _!      tr\ble1 = x has be5 "o ( !     
pr9cipal causes (      introduc+ &      
cont9u+ !m 9 p[]4 ,imm$iately be=e      
! w> ?is =eign influ5ce _h completely   
embodi$ itself      ) ! majority1       

p>ticul>ly 9 ! ,we/1 & its voice 0      
he>d s l\d at ! seat ( gov]nm5t1 t      
,presid5t ,madison      0 oblig$ ei!r to
 yield to its dictates or retire f      
(fice4 ,! *oice 0 easily made by a man  
:o pref]r$ 8      private int]e/s to !  
public good1 & !re=e hurri$ u      into 
a w> = :i* we 7 utt]ly unprep>$4  ,& !n 
aga93       ,we ought to use e hone/    
ex]tion to turn out ( p[]      ^? weak &
 wick$ m5 ^: wild & vision>y !ories     
h be5 te/$ & f\nd want+4 ,above all1 we 
ought to      drive f our %ores =eign   
influ5ce1 & *]i% ,am]ican      feel+4   
,=eign influ5ce has be5 9 e age ! curse 
(      republics--its jaundic$ eye sees 
e ?+ 9 false      colors--! ?ick        
atmosph]e ( prejudice by :i* x is ev]   
surr\nd$1 exclud+ f its sight ! light ( 
reason4 ,let      u !n le>n wisdom f    
exp]i5ce1 & = ev] bani% ?is      fi5d f 
our c\ntry4  ,& "h is :at ,,jackson     
?\ght ( ,,bu*anan4 ,! ,democratic       
,wa%+ton correspond5t ( ! ,new ,york    
,ev5+ ,po/1 :o 0 favorable to !         

nom9ation ( ,pi]ce1 makes ?is /atem5t--a
 /atem5t we h (t5 he>d be=e1 & nev] he>d
 contradict$3       ,on ! night be=e    
leav+ ,na%ville to occupy ! ,:ite       
,h\se1 ,mr4 ,polk1 9 company ) ,g54     
,rob]t ,arm/rong1 call$      at !       
,h]mitage to procure "s advice f ! old  
h]o z to      ! selection ( 8 cab9et4   
,jackson /rongly urg$ !                 
,presid5t-elect to give no place 9 x to 
,bu*anan1 z he c\ld      n be reli$ ^u4 
,x s happ5$ t ,polk _h already          
det]m9$ to make t v appo9tm5t1 hav+     
probably      (f]$ ! situation to !     
/atesman ( ,p5nsylvania4 ,?is      fact 
induc$ ,g54 ,arm/rong subsequ5tly to    
tell ,jackson t      he _h giv5 ,polk a 
r h>d rub1 z ,bu*anan _h already        
be5 select$ = ,secret>y ( ,/ate4 ',i c't
 help x1' said      ! old man3 ',i felt 
x my duty to w>n him aga9/ ,mr4         
,bu*anan1 :e!r x 0 agreeable or n4 ,mr4 
,polk w f9d      ,bu*anan an unreliable 
man4 ,i "k him well1 & ,mr4 ,polk w     
yet admit ! correctness ( my pr$iction4'

       ,x 0 ! la/ visit ev] made by ,mr4
 ,polk to ! old h]o      :5 ?is unavail+
 remon/rance 0 deliv]$1 b ! new         
,presid5t1 long be=e ! end ( 8          
adm9i/ration1 _h      reason to         
ackn[l$ge its propriety & ju/ice1 & 9 ! 
di>y kept by him dur+ t p]iod may /ill  
be read a mo/      emphatic decl>ation (
 8 di/ru/ ( ,mr4 ,bu*anan4 ,e "o      is
 aw>e ( two m>k$ in/ances 9 :i*1 z      
,secret>y (      ,/ate1 ! latt] fail$ to
 support ! policy ( !      adm9i/ration1
 viz41 on ! "q ( ! t>iff ( #ahdf1      &
 ! requisition ( ! t5 regim5ts vot$ by  
,congress =      ! ,mexican w>4 ,on bo? 
( ^! measures he 0 kn[n to be           
oppos$ to ! wi%es ( ,mr4 ,polk4  ,mr4   
,*>les ,irv+1 ! ,democratic editor ( !  
,lyn*burg ,republican1 & a delegate at  
,ri*mond 9 ! ,/ate ,conv5tion1 ?us      
disposes ( ,mr4 ,bu*anan 9 a long & able
 lett]1 dat$ ,may #g?1 #ahef3       ,if 
sil5ce dur+ ! battle con/itutes a claim 
= (fice1      h[ c ! ,s\? expect ,nor!rn
 /atesm5 to uphold h]      bann]1 :5    

abolitioni/s are seek+ to te> x to      
tatt]s8      ,if an ability to get      
free-soil votes makes a c&idate         
available1 & t species ( availability is
 recogniz$ z a      m]it at ! ,s\?1     
,nor!rn /atesm5 %\ld c\rt               
free-soil]s1 & n /ruggle ) !m1 if !y wi%
 to be      ,presid5ts4 ,su*            
availability may be v desirable to ^?   
:o wi% success alone1 b ^? :o look to ! 
int]e/s (      ! c\ntry may well be     
excus$ if !y pref] a diff]5t      /&>d4 
,i c]ta9ly pref] t ! ,s\? %all ,,pref] !
      selection1 n only ( a s\nd man1 b 
t %e %all vote =      ! nom9ation ( no  
man ^u any su* gr\nd ( availability4    
,! com+ election mu/ settle ! slav]y    
agitation4 ,i d n      wi% a s+le       
free-soil] to vote ! ,democratic ticket1
 nor      w ,i will+ly af=d !m !        
slighte/ excuse = s do+4      ,a prom95t
 ,nor?-,we/ ,democrat told me to-day1 t 
!      nom9ation ( ,mr4 ,bu*anan w\ld   
enable ,trumbull1 ,w5twor?1      & o!r  
free-soil]s to come back into ! p>ty4 ,i

 am n      anxi\s to get back su*       
*>act]s4 ,^! are "s reasons =      n    
pref]r+ ,mr4 ,bu*anan4       ,b !re is  
/ill ano!r reason4 ,t reason is 9 8     
record4 ,to c>ry ! entire ,s\?1 we mu/ h
 n only a      s\nd man1 b "o :o is     
above impea*m5t--^: record is z         
/a9less z ! pr9ciples he advocates4 ,is 
su* ! case )      ,mr4 ,bu*anan8 ,let ! 
record answ]4       ,on ! #bg? (        
,decemb]1 #ahcg1 ,mr4 ,calh\n submitt$  
to !      ,s5ate t celebrat$ s]ies (    
resolutions1 ! great objects      ( :i* 
7 to set =? ) precision & =ce !         
con/itutional rights ( ! slavehold+     
,/ates1 & to      attract to _! support 
an enlight5$ public op9ion aga9/      ! 
attacks ( ,nor!rn fanaticism4 ,! second 
resolution 0      9 ^! words3 7,calh\n's
 ,works1 volume #c1 page #adj47         
',resolv$1 ,t 9 delegat+ a portion ( _! 
p[]s to      be ex]cis$ by ! ,f$]al     
,gov]nm5t1 ! ,/ates reta9$      sev]ally
 ! exclusive & sole "r ov] _! own       
dome/ic      in/itutions & police1 & are

 alone responsible = !m1      & t any   
int]m$dl+ ( any "o or m ,/ates1 or a    
comb9ation ( _! citiz5s1 ) ! dome/ic    
in/itutions      & police ( ! o!rs1 on  
any gr\nd or "u any pretext      :atev]1
 political1 moral1 or religi\s1 ) a view
 to _!      alt]ation or subv]sion1 is  
an assumption ( sup]iority n            
w>rant$ by ! ,con/itution1 insult+ to ! 
,/ates      int]f]$ )1 t5d+ to endang]  
_! dome/ic peace &      tranquillity1   
subv]sive ( ! objects = :i* !           
,con/itution 0 =m$1 &1 by necess>y      
consequ5ce1 t5d+      to weak5 & de/roy 
! ,union itself4'       ,mr4 ,morris (  
,ohio1 :o 0 !n ! only av[$ ,abolitioni/ 
9 ! ,s5ate1 mov$ to /rike out ! words   
'moral &      religi\s4' ,_h ! motion   
prevail$1 ! effect w\ld h      be5 to   
enc\rage agitation 9 ! =m 9 :i* x w\ld  
be      mo/ likely to be fatal to !     
,s\?4 ,x w\ld h be5 a      direct       
enc\ragem5t to ! ,abolitioniz$ cl]gy ( !
 ,nor?      to take ! v c\rse :i* 0 tak5
 by ! '?ree ?\s&      & fifty div9es'   

:o1 9 #ahed1 sacrilegi\sly assum$1 '9   
! "n ( ,almighty ,god1 & 9 8 pres5ce1'  
to d5\nce !      repeal ( ! ,miss\ri    
,compromise z 'a violation ( plight$    
fai? & a brea* ( a national compact4'   
,subsequ5t ev5ts      h abundantly      
atte/$ ! tru? ( :at ,mr4 ,calh\n said1  
:5 argu+ aga9/ ! motion1 't ! :ole _s ( 
!      resolution h+$ ^u t ^w religi\s4'
       ,! vote tak5 on ,mr4 ,morris's   
am5dm5t /ood z foll[s3                  
7,congressional ,globe1 volume #f1 page 
#gd47       ,yeas--,messrs4 ,bay>d1     
,,bu*anan1 ,clayton1 ,davis1 ,mc,keon1  
,morris1 ,pr5tiss1 ,robb9s1 ,ruggles1   
,smy? ( ,indiana1      ,s\?w>d1 ,swift1 
,tipton1 & ,web/]--#ad4                 
,nays--,messrs4 ,all51 ,black1 ,br[n1   
,calh\n1 ,clay ( ,alabama1      ,clay ( 
,k5tucky1 ,cu?b]t1 ,fulton1 ,hubb>d1    
,k+1 ,knight1      ,l9n1 ,lumpk91 ,lyon1
 ,ni*olas1 ,niles1 ,norvell1 ,pi]ce1    
,pre/on1      ,rives1 ,roane1 ,rob9son1 
,sevi]1 ,smy? ( ,connecticut1 ,/range1  
,walk]1 ,wall1 ,:ite1 ,williams1        

,wright1 & ,"y--#ca4       ,! fif?      
resolution to :i* ,mr4 ,calh\n "h       
ref]r$1 &      :i* he ju/ly reg>d$ z !  
mo/ important ( all1 &      /ruggl$ mo/ 
p]sev]+ly to h pass$ )\t am5dm5t1      0
 /rictly z foll[s3       ',resolv$1 ,t !
 int]m$dl+ ( any ,/ate or ,/ates1 or    
_! citiz5s1 to aboli% slav]y 9 ?is      
,di/rict1 or 9 any      ( ! ,t]ritories1
 on ! gr\nd1 or "u ! pretext1 t      x  
is immoral or s9ful1 or ! passage ( any 
act or measure      ( ,congress1 ) t    
view1 w\ld be a direct & dang]\s        
attack on ! in/itutions ( all !         
slavehold+ ,/ates4'       ,?is          
resolution cov]$ ! :ole premises4 ,x met
 ! issue      boldly & fully4 ,no ,s\!rn
 ,democrat c hesitate to say t      x   
embodi$ a great tru?1 to :i* ev5ts h    
borne emphatic      te/imony4 ,mr4      
,clay1 ( ,k5tucky1 mov$ to /rike x out1 
&      ins]t ! foll[+ z a sub/itute3    
',resolv$1 ,t :5 ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia 
0 c$$ by !      ,/ates ( ,virg9ia &     
,m>yl& to ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 dome/ic      

slav]y exi/$ 9 bo? ( ^? ,/ates1 includ+ 
! c$$      t]ritory2 & t1 z x /ill      
cont9ues 9 bo? ( !m1 x      c\ld n be   
aboli%$ )9 ! ,di/rict )\t a violation   
( t good fai? :i* 0 impli$ 9 ! cession1 
& 9 !      acceptance ( ! t]ritory1 nor 
unless comp5sation 7 made      = !      
slaves1 )\t a manife/ infr+em5t ( an    
am5dm5t      ( ! ,con/itution ( ! ,unit$
 ,/ates1 nor )\t excit+      a degree ( 
j al>m & appreh5sion 9 ! ,/ates         
recogniz+ slav]y1 f> transc5d+1 9       
mis*iev\s t5d5cy1      any possible     
b5efit :i* w\ld be accompli%$ by !      
abolition4' 7,congressional ,globe1 vol4
 #f1 page #eh47       ,! utt]           
insuffici5cy ( ?is temporiz+ am5dm5t    
sc>cely      ne$ be po9t$ out4          
,objectionable z x 0 9 conc$+ to        
,congress ! con/itutional p[] to aboli% 
slav]y 9 !      ,di/rict ( ,columbia1 & 
decl>+ aga9/ ! ex]cise (      t p[] only
 on ! gr\nd ( inexp$i5cy1 x 0 /ill      
m s 9 ?is1 t x made no ref]5ce :atev] to
 !      t]ritories ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,!

 passage ( ,mr4 ,calh\n's               
resolution w\ld h committ$ ! ,s5ate1 n  
only aga9/      ! abolition ( slav]y 9 !
 ,di/rict ( ,columbia1 b      aga9/ !   
application ( ! ,wilmot ,proviso & k9dr$
      measures to ! ,t]ritories4 ,mr4   
,clay's am5dm5t 0 entirely      sil5t on
 ! subject4 ,x is true1 t 9 ano!r       
resolution      :i* he propos$ to h     
adopt$ z an additional am5dm5t1      x 0
 decl>$ t ! abolition ( slav]y 9 !      
,t]ritory      ( ,florida w\ld be highly
 inexp$i5t1 = ! pr9cipal      reason 't 
x w\ld be 9 violation ( a solemn        
compromise      made at a memorable &   
critical p]iod 9 ! hi/ory ( ?is         
c\ntry1 by :i*1 :ile slav]y 0 prohibit$ 
nor?1 x 0      admitt$ s\? ( ! l9e (    
?irty-six degrees ?irty m9utes      nor?
 latitude4' ,! defect 9 ! fir/ am5dm5t c
 h>dly      be consid]$ by ,s\!rn m5 z  
rem$i$ by ano!r :i*      recogniz$ !    
b9d+ =ce ( ! ,miss\ri ,compromise4      
,on ! "q to /rike out ,mr4 ,calh\n's    
resolution1 &      ins]t ,mr4 ,clay's z 

an am5dm5t1 aft] x _h be5 modifi$       
by /rik+ out ! "p relat+ to comp5sation 
= slaves1      ! vote /ood--yeas #ai1   
nays #ah4 7,congressional ,globe1 vol4  
#f1 page #fb47 ,mr4 ,bu*anan's "n /&s   
record$ 9 !      affirmative4       ,on 
a subsequ5t occasion1 ,mr4 ,calh\n1 ) a 
view to infuse      vitality into ,mr4  
,clay's am5dm5t1 mov$ to ins]t t any    
attempt ( ,congress to aboli% slav]y 9 !
 ,t]ritories1      'w\ld be a dang]\s   
attack ^u ! ,/ates 9 :i* slav]y         
exi/s4' ,mr4 ,bu*anan oppos$ ! am5dm5t1 
& x 0 9      reply to 8 spee* t ,mr4    
,calh\n made ! rem>ks :i* may      be   
f\nd 9 ! ?ird volume ( 8 works1 pages   
#aid to #aif1      & :i* he comm5c$ by  
say+ t '! rem>ks ( !      ,s5ator f     
,p5nsylvania 7 ( su* a "* t he      c\ld
 n p]mit !m to pass 9 sil5ce4'       ,f 
^! votes1 & ?is language ( ,mr4         
,bu*anan1 x is      cle>3       #a/4 ,t 
he 0 n oppos$ to ! religi\s agitation ( 
! slav]y "q--a species ( agitation :i*  
,mr4 ,calh\n      ju/ly reg>d$ z m fatal

 ?an any o!r4       #b;d4 ,t he         
recogniz$ ! con/itutional p[] (         
,congress to      aboli% slav]y 9 !     
,di/rict ( ,columbia1 oppos+ its        
exi/5ce only on ! gr\nd ( its           
inexp$i5cy--a proposition      :i* !    
position ( ,mr4 ,van ,bur5 %[s af=ds no 
reliable      protection to ,s\!rn      
in/itutions4       #c;d4 ,t he refus$ to
 commit himself fully on ! great      "q
 z to ! p[] ( ,congress ov] !           
,t]ritories (      ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 & z 
f> z he did g1 evid5tly left x      to  
be und]/ood t ! abolition ( slav]y by   
,congress 9      ^? ,t]ritories w\ld be 
no attack on ! ,/ates 9 :i* x           
exi/s4'       ,if 8 op9ions1 9 ^!       
respects1 h und]gone any      mat]ial   
*ange1 ! c\ntry has n yet be5           
au?oritatively      appris$ ( ! fact4 ,!
 reflections ca/ by him on !            
in/itution ( slav]y1 9 "o ( 8 spee*es 9 
,engl&1 &      ! /udi$ design he has    
manife/$ to keep alo( f !      excitem5t
 gr[+ out ( ! repeal ( ! ,miss\ri       

,compromise1 are n well calculat$ to    
inspire confid5ce1 t      if 8 views h  
und]gone any *ange1 x has be5 a *ange   
= ! bett]4  ,aft] ?us dispos+ ( ! slav]y
 issue1 ,mr4 ,irv+ ?us turns to ! ,t>iff
 ,"q3       ,s mu* = ! slav]y issue4 ,h[
 does ,mr4 ,bu*anan /&      ^u ! t>iff8 
,w ! ,s5t9el say t he is s\nd1 or       
ju/ify 8 'l[ wages' spee*8 ,h[ does he  
/& ^u !      ,fr5* ,spoliation bill1 :i*
 ,presid5t ,polk & ,presid5t      ,pi]ce
 veto$8 ,ev]ybody kn[s t he 0 9 favor ( 
x4 ,h[      does he /& ^u ! ,pacific    
,railroad8 ,he decl>$ himself 9         
favor ( an appropriation ( public money 
to build x1 z is      notori\s4 ,9 fact1
 is !re a s+le ,f$]al measure except    
t ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,bank1 ^u :i* he is 
n record$      aga9/ ,democratic        
pr9ciples8 ,h[ c we hope to c>ry !      
unit$ ,s\? ) su* a record8 ,w ,s\!rn    
,democrats      ov]look ?is record8 ,w  
,nor!rn ,nebraska m5 ov]look ?is        
ignor+ ( ,pi]ce & ,d\glass8 ,is !re no  
dang] t 9      admitt+ ! abolitioni/    

,trumbull1 we may n di%e>t5 !           
gallant ,d\glass8 ,is !re no fe> t 9    
re9/at+ !      free-soil ,hickman1 :o is
 9 favor ( ,re$]1 we may n palsy      ! 
arm ( ,ri*>dson8 ,9 f9e1 is !re no fe> t
 9 hop+      = free-soil aid1 we may n  
lose ! few real fri5ds !      ,s\? has 9
 ! ,nor?8 ,x is evid5t to ! commone/    
und]/&+1 t ! fir/ /ep ( ,nor!rn ,black  
,republicanism is to kill (f all ^?     
influ5tial m5 at !      ,nor?1 l ,pi]ce 
or ,d\glass1 :o h actively p>ticipat$   
9 ! fight = our rights4 ,is n ! ,s\?    
aid+ !m 9      ?is fir/ /ep1 :5 x n only
 ignores its own sons1 b      also      
ignores1 ^u ! gr\nd ( availability1 ^?  
,nor!rn      m5 id5tifi$ ) ! late       
,kansas-,nebraska bill8 ,?is is a       
"q ! ,s\? w\ld d well to pond]4 ,if ,mr4
 ,bu*anan is      to be nom9at$1 &      
,pi]ce & ,d\glass 9 ! ,nor? ignor$1     
let ! responsibility re/ else:]e ?an ^u 
! ,/ate (      ,virg9ia4 ,he may be1 &  
probably is s\nd1 b ^! are times      :5
 m ?an ord9>y caution is necess>y4 ,x   

may become !      duty ( ! ,s\? to      
support him4 ,:5 t "t arrives ,i c      
dis*>ge ! duty2 b ,i d ?9k t ! reasons  
above      /at$ exempt me f any blame = 
n advocat+ him until      t             
responsibility devolves ^u me4 ,v       
respectfully1 ,,*as4      ,,irv+4  ,!   
,s\!rn ,d\gh-faces ( ! ,=eign ,ca?olic  
p>ty pret5d to hold ,mr4 ,fillmore      
responsible = a lett] he wrote m ?an    
tw5ty ye>s ago1 9 :i* he answ]s c]ta9   
int]rogatories 9 ref]5ce to slav]y1     
affirmatively1 & 9 opposition to !      
ext5sion ( slav]y6 ,! late/ record (    
,bu*anan is 9 #ahdd1 & proves him to be 
an ,,abolitioni/ ,,( ,,! ,,blacke/      
,,dye4 ,ab\t ! la/ spee* he ev] made 9  
,congress1 0 ,,9 ,,opposition ,,to      
,,slav]y1 9 secret session ( ! ,s5ate1 j
 be=e ,mr4 ,polk1 9 opposition to !     
wi%es ( ,g54 ,jackson1 gave him a seat 9
 8 cab9et4 ,?is spee* w be f\nd 9 !     
,congressional ,globe = #ahdd1 an       
extract f :i* is 9 ^! explicit &        
memorable words3       ,9 arriv+ at !   

conclusion to support ?is treaty1 ,i _h 
to      enc\nt] b "o s]i\s ob/acle1 ,,& 
,,t ,,0 ,,! ,,"q      ,,( ,,slav]y4     
,:il/ ,i h ev] ma9ta9$1 & ev] %all      
ma9ta91 9 _! full =ce & vigor1 !        
con/itutional      rights ( ! ,s\!rn    
,/ates ov] _! slave prop]ty1 ,i yet     
feel a /rong repugnance by any act ( m9e
 to ext5d !      limits ( ! ,union ov] a
 new slavehold+ t]ritory4 ,aft]         
mature reflection1 h[ev]1 ,i ov]came ^! 
scruples1 & n[      believe t !         
acquisition ( ,texas w be ! means (     
limit+1 n enl>g+1 ! dom9ion ( slav]y4   
,9 ! gov]nm5t ( ! _w1 ,provid5ce g5]ally
 produces      great *anges by gradual  
means4 ,!re is no?+ ra% 9 !      c\nsels
 ( ! ,almighty4 ,may n1 !n1 !           
acquisition (      ,texas be ! means (  
gradually draw+ ! slaves f> to !        
,s\? to a climate m cong5ial to _!      
nature2 & may !y      n f9ally pass (f  
into ,mexico1 & ,,!re ,,m+le ,,) ,a     
,,race      ,,:]e ,,no ,,prejudice      
,,exi/s ,,aga9/ ,,_! ,,color8 ,!        

,mexican      nation is compos$ (       
,spani>ds1 ,indians1 & ,negroes1 bl5d$  
toge!r 9 e v>iety1 :o w\ld receive our  
slaves on      t]ms ( p]fect social     
equality4 ,to ?is condition !y nev]     
c be admitt$ 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates4       ,t
 ! acquisition ( ,texas w\ld ere long   
conv]t ,m>yl&1      ,virg9ia1 ,k5tucky1 
,miss\ri1 & probably o!rs ( ! m         
,nor!rn ,slave ,/ates1 into free ,/ates1
 ,i ent]ta9 n a      d\bt4444       ,b  
%\ld ,texas be annex$ to ! ,union1      
causes w be      br\ght into op]ation   
:i* mu/ inevitably remove slav]y      f 
:at may be call$ ! f>m+ ,/ates4 ,f ! be/
      in=mation1 x is no long] pr(itable
 to raise :eat1 rye1      & corn1 by    
slave labor4 ,:]e ^! articles are ! only
      /aples ( agriculture1 9 ! po9t$ & 
expressive language      ( ,r&olph1 if !
 slave does n run away f 8 ma/]1      ! 
ma/] mu/ run away f ! slave4 ,! slave w 
naturally be remov$ f su* a c\ntry1 :]e 
8 labor is      sc>cely adequate to 8   
own support1 to a region :]e he c      n

 only ma9ta9 himself1 b yield l>ge      
pr(its to 8      ma/]4 ,texas w op5 an  
outlet2 & slav]y itself may ?us         
f9ally pass ! ,del ,norte1 & be lo/ 9   
,mexico4 ,"o ?+ is      c]ta91 ! pres5t 
numb] ( slaves _c be increas$ by      ! 
annexation ( ,texas4       ,i h nev]    
appreh5d$ ! prepond]ance ( ! slave      
,/ates      9 ! c\ncils ( ! nation4 ,su*
 a fe> has always appe>$      to me     
vision>y4 ,b ^? :o ent]ta9 su*          
appreh5sions      ne$ n be al>m$ by !   
acquisition ( ,texas4 ,m ?an            
"o-half ( its t]ritory is :olly unfit = 
! slave labor2      &1 !re=e1 9 ! nature
 ( ?+s mu/ be free4 ,mr4 ,clay1      9 8
 lett] ( ! #ag? ( ,april la/1 on !      
subject (      annexation1 /ates t1     
accord+ to 8 in=mation--       ',!      
,t]ritory ( ,texas is susceptible ( a   
division into five      ,/ates (        
conv5i5t size & =m4 ,( ^!1 two only w\ld
 be      adapt$ to ^? peculi>           
in/itutions 7slav]y7 to :i* ,i      h   
ref]r$2 & ! o!r ?ree1 ly+ we/ & nor? (  

,san      ,antonio1 be+ only adapt$ to  
f>m+ & graz+ purposes1      f ! nature (
 _! soil1 climate1 & productions1 w\ld  
n admit ( ^! in/itutions4 ,9 ! end1     
!re=e1 !re      w\ld be two slave & ?ree
 free ,/ates probably add$ to !         
,union4'       ,& "h p]mit me to obs]ve1
 t !re is "o defect 9 !      treaty :i* 
ought to be am5d$ if we all did n "k t x
      is de/9$ to be reject$4 ,! treaty 
itself ought to      det]m9e h[ _m free 
& h[ _m slave ,/ates %\ld be      made  
out ( ?is t]ritory4  ,on ! #aa? (       
,april1 #ahbf1 ,james ,bu*anan1 :o is n[
 be+ support$ by ,s\!rn slavehold]s1    
made a spee* 9 ,congress1 elev5 ye>s    
aft] 8 ,f\r? ( ,july oration1 f :i* !   
foll[+ is tak53       ,p]mit me "h1 ,mr4
 ,*airman1 = a mom5t1 to speak ^u a     
subject to :i* ,i h nev] be=e adv]t$ ^u 
?is floor1      & to :i*1 ,i tru/1 ,i   
may nev] aga9 h occasion to      adv]t4 
,i mean ! subject ( slav]y4 ,i ,,believe
 ,,x ,,to ,,be ,a      ,,great          
,,political ,,& ,a ,,great ,,moral      

,,evil4 ,i ,,?ank ,,god1 ,,my ,,lot     
,,has      ,,be5 ,,ca/ ,,9 ,a ,,/ate    
,,:]e ,,x ,,does ,,n ,,exi/4444 ,,x     
,,has ,,be5 ,a      ,,curse ,,entail$   
,,^u ,,u ,,by ,,t ,,nation ,,:i* ,,makes
 ,,x ,a ,,subject      ,,( ,,reproa*    
,,to ,,our ,,in/itutions4 7,see ,gales &
 ,seaton's      ,regi/] ( ,debates1 page
 #bahj1 vol4 ii41 "p #b47   ,,m         
,,bu*anan ,,antec$5ts4  ,:5 a ,uni=m    
,bankrupt ,law 0 enact$ by ,congress1   
aft] ! election ( ,g5]al ,h>rison1 !re 7
 on ! files ( ! ,judici>y ,committee ( !
 ,s5ate fifty-"o petitions1 pray+ = !   
passage ( su* a law4 ,tw5ty-n9e ( ^! 7 f
 ,new ,york1 five f ,new ,j]sey1 ?ree f 
,ohio1 two f ,indiana1 two f            
,massa*usetts1 & "o f ea* ( ! ,/ates (  
,t5nessee & ,mississippi4 ,!re 7        
tw5ty-five o!r petitions pray+ = ,a     
,g5]al ,bankrupt ,law2 fifte5 ( :i* 7 f 
,new ,york1 & eight f ,p5nsylvania2 & h[
 w ! ,democracy l to see x h]eaft] prov5
 t ,,bu*anan pres5t$ ^! petitions1 &    
vot$ = ! law8 ,if x %all turn out t ,old

 ,buck did really g = ! odi\s ,bankrupt 
,law1 let 8 fri5ds def5d him on ! gr\nd 
t 8 ,/ate desir$ x1 & _h always favor$ !
 measure6  ,9 ! ,h\se ( ,repres5tatives1
 9 ,congress1 ,janu>y #c1 #ahae1 ,mr4   
,+]soll1 a notori\s ,democrat f         
,p5nsylvania1 & a ,boy ,tory ( ! w> ( ! 
,revolution1 f ! ,committee on !        
,judici>y1 report$ a bill to e/abli% a  
uni=m law ( ,bankruptcy ?r\gh\t ! ,unit$
 ,/ates6 ,if ^! facts %\ld n turn out to
 be a suffici5t ju/ification ( ,mr4     
,bu*anan's c\rse1 provid$ he w5t = ?is  
,bankrupt ,law1 let 8 fri5ds pres5t ^!  
facts1 & %[ t he 0 9 good old ,f$]al    
,democratic company3  ,,numb] #a4 ,on ! 
#e? ( ,septemb]1 #ahcg1 ,mr4 ,van       
,bur5's ,democratic ,secret>y ( !       
,treasury made a report to ,congress1   
pray+ ! passage ( a uni=m ,bankrupt     
,law1 :i* 0 ref]r$ to ! ,committee on ! 
,judici>y4  ,,numb] #b4 ,on ! #ac? day (
 ,janu>y1 #ahdj1 ,mr4 ,norvell1 a       
,democratic ,s5ator f ,mi*igan1 mov$ t !
 ,judici>y be in/ruct$ to inquire into !

 exp$i5cy ( report+ a bill = !          
e/abli%m5t ( a ,g5]al ,bankrupt ,law4   
,,numb] #c4 ,on ! #bb;d ( ,april1 #ahdj1
 ,g>ret ,d4 ,wall1 a flam+ ,democratic  
,s5ator 9 ,congress1 report$ c]ta9      
am5dm5ts to a ,bankrupt ,law1 f a       
m9ority ( ! ,committee2 :i* 7 ref]r$ to 
! ,s5ate's select ,committee1 & report$ 
by ,mr4 ,wall1 & pass$--#ba to #ai--;&  
s5t to ! ,h\se4  ,,numb] #d4 ,9 !       
,s5ate1 ,july #bc1 #ahda1 ,mr4          
,ni*olson1 a ,democratic ,s5ator f      
,t5nessee1 deliv]$ an able spee* 9 favor
 ( a uni=m sy/em ( ,bankruptcy1 & mov$  
to am5d ! bill !n p5d+1 by ins]t+       
,,banks ,,& ,,o!r ,,corporations2 :i*   
motion 0 lo/ by a vote ( #cd to #af4    
,,numb] #e4 ,t great light ( ,democracy1
 ,col4 ,ri*>d ,m4 ,johnson1 late        
,vice-,presid5t ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 wrote
 & spoke 9 favor ( a ,g5]al ,bankrupt   
,law4 ,9 a lett] ( 81 n[ be=e u1 dat$   
,wa%+ton1 ,janu>y #ah1 #ahda1 he says1  
speak+ ( su* a law3 ,my op9ion is t x w 
r$\nd to ! honor ( our c\ntry4  ,b we w 

d ,mr4 ,bu*anan ju/ice1 by /at+ t he    
said he w\ld vote aga9/ ! ,bankrupt ,law
 ( #ahdj1 because he did n l its        
features4 ,:5 ,mr4 ,web/] spoke 9 favor 
( ! law1 & ( ! "* ( ! petition]s1 _m (  
:om pres5t$ _! petitions ?r\gh ,mr4     
,bu*anan1 ! latt] spoke on ! #bd? (     
,febru>y1 #ahdj2 &1 to satisfy ,mr4     
,web/] & o!rs t he 0 n oppos$ to !      
pr9ciple 9 =m] days1 /at$1 ,he came to !
 o!r ,h\se ( ,congress1 _m ye>s s9ce1 ,a
 ,,fri5d ,,( ,a ,,bankrupt ,,law4 ,!    
subject 0 be=e ! ,h\se :5 he ent]$ !    
body tw5ty ye>s ago4 ,he add$1 ,he 0 op5
 to conviction1 & might *ange 8 purpose6
  ,?us1 x w be se5 t ,mr4 ,bu*anan1 9   
?is1 z 9 e ?+ else1 0 on bo? sides6 ,&  
h[ does x look 9 a ,presid5tial c&idate1
 to h support$ a ,g5]al ,bankrupt ,law =
 ! relief ( ri*1 extravagant1 &         
ari/ocratic g5tlem51 & !n to turn r\nd &
 advocate t5 c5ts p] day = poor folks & 
labor+ m58 ,x w look r bad2 b1 !n1 ,sag 
,ni*t ,democracy c g any ?+6 ,?is old t5
 c5ts p] day *ampion ( ,democracy       

advocat$1 9 s _m words1 ! r$uction ( all
 pap] money prices to ! real ,cuba /&>d 
( solid money6 ,we take extracts f 8    
spee*1 :i* w be f\nd 9 ! ,app5dix to !  
,congressional ,globe1 page #ace3       
,9 ,g]many1 :]e ! curr5cy is purely     
metallic1 & !      co/ ( e ?+ is ,,r$uc$
 to a h>d money /&>d1 a      piece (    
broadclo? c be manufactur$ = fifty      
doll>s2 !      manufacture ( :i* 9 our  
c\ntry1 f ! expansion (      pap]       
curr5cy1 w\ld co/ "o hundr$ doll>s4 ,:at
 is !      consequ5ce8 ,! =eign ,fr5* & 
,g]man manufactur] imports      ?is clo?
 into our c\ntry1 & sells x = a hundr$4 
,does      n e p]son p]ceive t !        
r$undancy ( our curr5cy      is equal to
 a premium ( "o hundr$ p] c5t4 9 favor (
 !      manufactur]8       ,no t>iff (  
protection1 unless x am\nt$ to          
prohibition1      c\ld c\nt]act ?is     
advantage 9 favor ( =eign               
manufactures4 ,i w\ld to heav5 t ,i c\ld
 ar\se !      att5tion ( e manufactur] (
 ! nation to ?is important      subject4

       ,:at is ! reason t1 ) all ^!     
advantages1 & )      ! protective duties
 :i* our laws af=d to ! dome/ic         
manufactur] ( cotton1 we _c obta9       
exclusive possession      ( ! home      
m>ket1 & successfully cont5d = ! m>kets 
(      ! _w8 ,x is simply because we    
manufacture at ! nom9al      prices (   
our inflat$ curr5cy1 & are compell$ to  
sell at      ! real prices ( o!r        
nations4 ,,r$uce ,,our ,,nom9al ,,/&>d  
,,( ,,prices ,,?r\gh\t ,,! ,,_w1 & y    
cov] our c\ntry )      bless+s &        
b5efits4              99       99       
99       99       99       ,! comp>ative
 ,,l[ ,,prices ( ,france & ,g]many h    
af=d$      su* a /imulus to _!          
manufactures1 t !y are n[      rapidly  
ext5d+ !mselves1 & w\ld obta9           
possession1 9      no small degree1 ev5 
( ! ,engli% home m>ket1 ,,if ,,x ,,7    
,,n ,,= ,,_! ,,protect+ ,,duties4 ,:ile 
,briti% manufactures are      n[        
langui%+1 ^? ( ! cont95t are spr++ into 
a      heal?y & vigor\s exi/5ce4  ,h[ w 

! ,free ,trade ,democracy ( ! ,s\? reli%
 ^! protect+ duties ( an old ,f$]al     
politician8 ,!y are ab\t z consi/5t 9 _!
 support ( ! ,c9c9nati nom9ee z ,clay   
,:igs are1 :5 !y "k t ,bu*anan 0 ! only 
man liv+ :o _h x 9 8 p[] to d ,clay     
ju/ice1 9 ref]5ce to ! b>ga9 & intrigue 
calumny1 & ob/9ately refus$6   ,,clay   
,,& ,,bu*anan4  ,9 #ahbe1 ,mr4 ,bu*anan1
 !n a memb] ( ! ,h\se1 ent]$ ! room (   
,mr4 ,clay1 :o 0 at ! "t 9 company ) 8  
only messmate1 ,hon4 ,r4 ,p4 ,let*]1    
also a memb] ( ! ,h\se1 & s9ce ,gov]nor 
( ,k5tucky4 ,bu*anan introduc$ ! subject
 ( ! approa*+ ,presid5tial election1    
,let*] witness+ :at 0 said2 & aft] t1 :5
 ,mr4 ,clay 0 hotly assail$ ) ! *>ge (  
b>ga91 intrigue1 & corruption1 notifi$  
,mr4 ,bu*anan ( 8 int5tion to publi% !  
conv]sation1 b 0 induc$1 by ! e>ne/     
entreaties ( ,bu*anan1 to =be>4 ,& ,mr4 
,clay di$ ) a lett] 9 8 possession1 f   
,bu*anan1 :i*1 if publi%$1 z x %\ld be1 
w\ld place ,bu*anan )\t ! pale (        
,democracy1 & disgrace him 9 ! eyes (   

all honorable m54 ,t lett]1 too1 w\ld   
expla9 :y ,g54 ,jackson _h no confid5ce 
9 him1 & 0 oppos$ to 8 tak+ a seat 9    
,polk's cab9et4 ,let x come6  ,keep x   
be=e ! ,p1 ,t x 0 ! vote ( ,james       
,bu*anan :i*1 9 ! ,s5ate1 9 #ahcb1      
secur$ ! passage ( ! ,black ,t>iff1 s   
(f5sive to ! ,free ,trade ,democracy (  
,t5nessee1 ,s\? ,c>ol9a1 & o!r ,s\!rn   
,/ates1 & :i* ,gov4 ,,jones ?rew up to  
,col4 ,polk ) s mu* effect 9 _! race (  
#ahdc6  ,keep x be=e ! ,p1 ,t !         
,c9c9nati ,plat=m unblu%+ly affirms t ! 
,con/itution does n conf] ^u ! ,f$]al   
gov]nm5t au?ority to assume ! debts ( ! 
sev]al ,/ates1 contract$ = local int]nal
 improvem5ts1 or = o!r ,/ate purposes2  
:ile ! ,democratic memb]s ( ,congress   
annually violate ?is pr9ciple by vot+   
away hundr$s ( acres ( public l&s to !  
,/ates1 = purposes ( railroads & o!r    
improvem5ts4  ,keep x be=e ! ,p1 ,t !   
same ,plat=m hypocritically ass]ts1 t x 
is ! duty ( e bran* ( our ,gov]nm5t to  
en=ce & practice ! mo/ rigid economy 9  

conduct+ our public affairs2 :5 !       
exp5ditures ( ,pi]ce's adm9i/ration are 
,,tw5ty ,,millions ,,p] ,,annum ov] t ( 
,,mill>d ,,fillmore6  ,keep x be=e ! ,p1
 ,t ! #h? ( ! s]ies 9 ?is ,plat=m       
decl>es1 t ! attempt to abridge !       
privilege ( becom+ citiz5s & own]s (    
soil among/ u ought to be resi/$ ) !    
same _s :i* swept ! ali5 & s$ition laws 
f our /atute book3 & !n ! hypocritical  
build]s ( ! plat=m turn$ ab\t & nom9at$ 
,james ,bu*anan1 :o comm5c$ public life 
z ! advocate ( ! ali5 & s$ition laws1 & 
su/a9$1 9 & out ( ,congress1 ! ,f$]al   
p>ty1 :o pass$ ^! laws4  ,keep x be=e ! 
,p1 ,t ! ,c9c9nati ,plat=m1 :i* prates s
 l\dly ab\t ! privilege ( becom+ own]s (
 ! soil1 & :i* rebukes all ef=ts to am5d
 our naturalization laws z oppressive to
 =eign]s1 nom9at$ a man = ! ,presid5cy  
:o spoke publicly 9 ?is language3 ,above
 all1 we ought to drive f our %ores     
=eign influ5ce1 :i* has be5 9 e age !   
curse ( republics6  ,keep x be=e ! ,p1  
,t ?is ,c9c9nati ,plat=m pl$ges itself  

to ! ,acts kn[n z ! ,compromise         
,measures1 & !n resolves to resi/ all   
attempts at r5ew+1 9 ,congress or out ( 
x1 ! agitation ( slav]y2 :ile ! second  
be/ nags be=e ! ,conv5tion 7 ,d\glass & 
,pi]ce1 :o br\ght =w>d ! bill repeal+ ! 
,miss\ri ,compromise l9e1 & op5+ up anew
 ! slav]y agitation1 :ile ,pi]ce sign$ !
 bill & adopt$ x z an ,adm9i/ration     
measure6  ,keep x be=e ! ,p1 ,t ?is same
 ,plat=m ass]ts1 z an indisp5sable      
article ( ! ,democratic fai?1 t !       
proce$s ( ! public l&s ought to be      
sacr$ly appli$ to ! national objects    
specifi$ 9 ! ,con/itution2 & yet a      
majority ( ! ,democracy1 9 "o bran* (   
,congress1 unhesitat+ly vot$ = a bill   
introduc$ by ,rob]t ,m4 ,t4 ,hunt]1 a   
lead] ( ! mo/ /raite/ sect ( ,democratic
 ,ph>isees1 :i* propos$ to give away !  
:ole body ( ! public l&s to squatt]s1 at
 ! nom9al price ( n9ep5ce an acre1 & at 
five ye>s' cr$it6  ,keep x be=e ! ,p1 ,t
 ?is same plat=m deprecates a policy :i*
 legislates = ! few at ! exp5se ( ! _m2 

yet its build]s nom9at$ a man = !       
,presid5cy :o has av[$ himself on !     
floor ( ! ,s5ate 9 favor ( r$uc+ ! wages
 ( poor :ite m5 to ! ,cuban /&>d ( ,,t5 
,,c5ts p] day6  ,keep x be=e ! ,p1 ,t   
?is ,c9c9nati ,plat=m utt]ly fails to   
come up to t high ,s\!rn /&>d1 :i* !    
c\ntry look$ = f a p>ty s lavi% (       
promises1 & t x has delib]ately &       
completely %irk$ ! slav]y issue1 ! only 
apology = :i* is f\nd 9 _! hav+ nom9at$ 
an old anti-slav]y ,f$]ali/4  ,keep x   
be=e ! ,p1 ,t ,,james ,,bu*anan 0 oppos$
 to ! w> ( #ahab1 b is 9 favor ( ! next 
w>--:ile a ,f$]ali/ he 0 cons]vative 9 8
 views1 b is n[ squ>e ^u a ,filibu/]+   
,plat=m--8 nom9ation1 an ov]ture to !   
,sumn] ,w+ ( ,democracy1 is ! v         
nom9ation = ! ,nullifi]s1 ,fire-eat]s1 &
 ,disunioni/s ( ! ,s\?--t :ile we cry   
,nor?1 %\t ,s\?1 e faction is unit$4    
,,! ,,c9c9nati ,,vice ,,presid5tial     
,,c&idate4   ,john ,c4 ,breck5ridge1 (  
,k5tucky1 is n[ ! ,democratic c&idate = 
! ,vice ,presid5cy2 & 9 our devotion to 

! head ( ! ticket1 we d n wi% to neglect
 ! tail4 ,mr4 ,breck5ridge is a good    
speak]1 & is ab\t z good a selection z 8
 p>ty c\ld make4 ,he has n be5 long     
en\gh 9 public life to atta9 any        
exp]i5ce z a /atesman1 nor has he be5   
guilty ( any great indiscretion 9 8 %ort
 ,congressional c>e]4 ,he w be unable to
 c>ry ,k5tucky = 8 p>ty1 ?\gh he has "s 
elem5ts ( /r5g?4 ,/&+ out 9 viol5t      
opposition to 8 relatives ^u ! ,"k ,no?+
 issues1 he w be acceptable to all      
,=eign]s1 & ! ,ca?olics 9 p>ticul>6 ,be+
 on ! v be/ ( t]ms ) ,cassius ,m4 ,clay1
 & vot+ ) ! ,emancipationi/s ( ,k5tucky1
 he w be r acceptable to ! ,anti-,slav]y
 m5 ?an o!rwise6 ,he 0 a zeal\s support]
 ( ! bill 9 ,congress appropriat+ a     
million or two doll>s to works (        
,int]nal ,improvem5t1 :i* 0 veto$ by    
,pi]ce4 ,t bill provid$ #ej1jjj = !     
improvem5t ( ! ,k5tucky ,riv]1 to :i* he
 urg$ an am5dm5t insi/+ on #aej1jjj4    
,?is w give him /r5g? ) ! ,democracy ( !
 ,nor? & ,nor?-,we/1 :o advocat$ !      

doctr9e ( ,int]nal ,improvem5ts by !    
,g5]al ,gov]nm5t6  ,on ,may #bj?1 #ahef1
 ! ,*>le/on ,m]cury came out advis+ !   
,s\? z to ! selection ( c&idates1 :i*   
advice1 if adh]$ to1 w\ld prove ru9\s   
alike to ,bu*anan & ,breck5ridge4 ,a    
brief extract f t article is 9 ^! words3
       ,a man uns\nd on ,slav]y1 ,free  
,trade1 & ,int]nal      ,improvem5ts1 or
 ^: op9ions are %r\d$ 9 trea*]\s        
ambiguity--su* a man1 be he ,black      
,republican or ,democrat1 is            
unwor?y ( h] support4 ,to vote = ei!r1  
is to give away      h] influ5ce1 to be 
us$ aga9/ h]4 ,x is to /ultify          
pr9ciple1 & be ! in/rum5t ( h] own      
undo+4  ,?is doctr9e w\ld get v mu* 9 ! 
way ( su* m5 z ,toombs & ,/eph5s1 (     
,georgia1 & o!r ,anti-,int]nal          
,improvem5t ,democrats1 b !y c excuse   
,breck5ridge on ! gr\nd t he acquiesc$ 9
 ! veto ( ,pi]ce1 & 0 possibly only try+
 to make a little capital at home1 :i*  
is common ) ,democracy4 ,besides1 ,mr4  
,breck5ridge be+ rais$ a ,clay ,:ig1 &  

repres5t+ ! ,a%l& ,di/rict z a          
,democrat1 %\ld be all[$ to pass ov] !  
,jordan ( ,democracy by degrees6  ,8 "n 
c be us$ advantage\sly 9 ?is conte/ 9   
ano!r respect4 ,:ile ,mr4 ,bu*anan 0    
,mr4 ,clay's mo/ v9dictive enemy1       
traduc]1 & calumniator1 ,mr4            
,breck5ridge c be held up to ! ,clay    
,:igs1 z hav+ ann\nc$ to ! ,h\se (      
,repres5tatives ! dea? ( ,mr4 ,clay1 9  
language & s5tim5ts br&+ ,bu*anan z a   
malignant sl&]]1 )\t m5tion+ 8 "n1 by ! 
"* he gave to ,clay6 ,clos+ 8 eulogy ^u 
,mr4 ,clay 9 ^! words1 ,mr4 ,breck5ridge
 evid5tly look$ ) ! eye ( prophecy at ! 
sl&]s ( ,bu*anan1 ! recollection ( :i*  
w\ld clu/] ar\nd 8 grave3--       ,e    
memorial ( su* a man w possess a mean+ &
 value      to 8 c\ntrym54 ,8 tomb w be 
a hall[$ spot4 ,great      memories w   
clu/] !re1 & 8 c\ntrym5 z !y visit      
x may well exclaim3      ,su* graves z 8
 are pilgrim %r9es--       ,%r9es to no 
cre$ or code conf9$2     ,! ,delphian   
vales1 ! ,pale/9es1       ,! ,meccas ( !

 m9d4  ,if we mi/ake n1 ?is "y          
,breck5ridge is ! nephew ( ! ,rev4 ,john
 ,breck5ridge1 =m]ly ( ,baltimore1 &    
pa/or ( ! ,presbyt]ian ,*ur*4 ,if s1 he 
is ! nephew ( ! ,rev4 ,rob]t            
,breck5ridge1 ! tal5t$ & /aun* advocate 
( ! ,am]ican p>ty4 ,! v5]able uncle (   
?is "y man1 :il/ pa/or ( ! ,*ur* 9      
,baltimore1 0 a mo/ =midable oppon5t ( !
 ,roman ,ca?olic religion1 & is ! man :o
 conduct$ ! debate ) ,ar*bi%op ,hughes1 
9 #ahcf1 :i* we n[ h be=e u1 9 a l>ge   
volume ( #eej pages4 ,( c\rse ,bi%op    
,hughes w require ! "y man to repudiate 
8 uncle's views & *>ges 9 opposition to 
! ,papal religion2 & ?is1 we %\ld ?9k1  
he w d = ! sake ( ! ,ca?olic vote 9     
,am]ica6     ,f ! ,knoxville ,:ig (     
,june #ad1 #ahef4  ,,progressive        
,,democracy--,,its ,,legitimate         
,,fruits4   ,! foll[+ important docum5t 
we take f ! ,national ,intellig5c]1 (   
,janu>y #bb1 #ahea4 ,x 0 sign$ & publi%$
 by g5tlem5 irrespective (              
p>ties--,,=ty-,,f\r ,s5ators &          

,repres5tatives 9 ,congress4 ,x w be a  
curiosity to ^? ( our read]s :o may h   
=gott5 its well-tim$ & patriotic pl$ges4
 ,h[ un=tunate x has be5 = ! c\ntry1 &  
especially ! public tranquillity1 t !   
det]m9ation & c\nsels ( ^! m5 71 9 an   
evil h\r1 dep>t$ f1 & flagrantly violat$
 by ! demagogues ( ! self-/yl$          
,democratic p>ty6 ,to ! violation ( ?is 
solemn pl$ge by ! repeal ( ! ,miss\ri   
,compromise l9e1 & ! rep5+ ( ! ,slav]y  
agitation by ! introduction ( !         
,kansas-,nebraska bill1 int5d$ to       
elevate t mis]able little demagogue1    
,/eph5 ,a4 ,d\glass1 to ! ,presid5cy1 we
 are indebt$ = all ! sc5es ( blood%$ 9  
,kansas1 to ! angry slav]y discussions 9
 ,congress1 & ! disgraceful sc5es ( riot
 be+ almo/ daily enact$ !re6  ,sev]al   
copies ( ! foll[+ ,decl>ation 7         
circulat$ 9 ,congress1 & obta9$ a numb] 
( signatures 9 bo? halls2 b no o!r li/ 0
 ev] publi%$1 t we "k (1 besides ?is1   
:i*1 x w be se51 0 head$ by ! illu/ri\s 
,,h5ry ,,clay3       ,! und]sign$1      

memb]s ( ! ?irty-fir/ ,congress ( !     
,unit$ ,/ates1 believ+ t a r5ewal (     
sectional      controv]sy ^u ! subject (
 slav]y w\ld be bo? dang]\s      to !   
,union & de/ructive ( its objects2 &    
see+ no mode      by :i* su* controv]sy 
c be avoid$1 except by a /rict          
adh]5ce to ! settlem5t !re( effect$ by !
 ,compromise      ,acts pass$ at ! la/  
session ( ,congress1 d h]eby decl>e     
_! int5tion to ma9ta9 ! said settlem5t  
inviolate1 &      to resi/ all attempts 
to repeal or alt] ! acts a=esaid1       
unless by ! g5]al cons5t ( ! fri5ds ( ! 
measure1      & to rem$y su* evils1 if  
any1 z "t & exp]i5ce may      develop4  
,&1 = ! purpose ( mak+ ?is resolution   
effective1 !y fur!r decl>e t !y w n     
support =      ! (fice ( ,presid5t1     
,vice-,presid5t1 ,s5ator1 or            
,repres5tative 9 ,congress1 or z a memb]
 ( a ,/ate      ,legislature1 any man1 (
 :atev] p>ty1 :o is n kn[n to be        
oppos$ to ! di/urbance ( ! settlem5t    
a=esaid1 & to      ! r5ewal1 9 any =m1 (

 agitation ^u ! subject (      slav]y4  
,h5ry ,clay1      ,c4 ,s4 ,morehead1    
,robt4 ,l4 ,rose1      ,w4 ,c4 ,dawson1 
,?os4 ,j4 ,rusk1      ,j]e4 ,clem5s1    
,james ,coop]1      ,?os4 ,c4 ,pratt1   
,wm4 ,m4 ,gw91      ,samuel ,a4 ,elliot1
      ,david ,outlaw1      ,o4 ,h4      
,williams1      ,j4 ,philips ,pho5ix1   
,a4 ,m4 ,s*em]horn1      ,jno4 ,r4      
,?urman1      ,d4 ,a4 ,bokee1      ,geo4
 ,r4 ,&rews1      ,w4 ,p4 ,mangum1      
,j]emiah ,morton1      ,r4 ,i4 ,b[ie1   
,e4 ,c4 ,cabell1      ,alex4 ,evans1    
,h[ell ,cobb1      ,h4 ,s4 ,foote1      
,wm4 ,du]1      ,jas4 ,brooks1      ,a4 
,h4 ,/eph5s1      ,r4 ,toombs1      ,m4 
,p4 ,g5try1      ,h4 ,w4 ,hilli>d1      
,f4 ,e4 ,mc,lean1      ,a4 ,g4 ,watk9s1 
,h4 ,a4 ,bull>d1      ,t4 ,s4 ,haywood1 
,a4 ,h4 ,%eph>d1      ,daniel ,breck1   
,jas4 ,l4 ,johnson1      ,j4 ,b4        
,?ompson1      ,j4 ,m4 ,&]son1          
,john ,b4 ,k]r1      ,j4 ,p4 ,caldwell1 
,ed4 ,deb]ry1      ,h4 ,m>%all1         
,all5 ,f4 ,ow54  ,! r[dyism & trea*]y ( 

,democracy nev] int5d$ to abide by ?is  
pl$ge--& h5ce _! di/urbance ( !         
settlem5t a=esaid1 by op5+ up anew ?is  
villa9\s agitation ^u ! subject (       
slav]y4 ,?is violation ( a solemn pl$ge 
has introduc$ into ,kansas civil w>1    
caus$ blood%$1 ! %oot+ d[n ( m5 9 cold  
blood1 & ov]run t c\ntry ) cont5d+      
p>ties1 call$ ,fri5ds ( ,fre$om & ,bord]
 ,ruffians1 arm$ ) ,%>pe's rifles1      
,colt's revolv]s1 b[ie-knives1 & clubs1 
mix$ ) ,bibles6  ,all ?is really af=ds  
an illu/ration ( ! dom9e]+ insol5ce (   
,democratic ,abolitionism--an elem5t 9  
our ,f$]al ,gov]nm5t :i* w /op at no    
extremity ( viol5ce1 9 ord] to subdue ! 
p ( ! ,slave ,/ates1 & =ce !m into a    
mis]able subs]vi5ce to its fanatical    
dom9ion4 ,& x is wor?y ( note1 t ! %oot+
 ( ,%]iff ,jones & o!rs 9 ,kansas1      
occurr$ imm$iately aft] ! arrival ( !   
,new ,hav5 ,emigrant ,rifle ,company6   
,?is1 too1 calls to m9d =cibly ! v      
delectable conv]sational spee*ify+ t    
took place at ! ,new ,hav5 ,rifle       

,meet+1 among ! pi\s villa9s :o figur$  
mo/ conspicu\sly4 ,z x is %ort1 we give 
x entire3       ,rev4 ,mr4 ,dutton      
7pa/or ( ! *ur*47--,"o ( ! deacons (    
?is *ur*1 ,mr4 ,h>vey ,hall1 is go+ out 
) ! company to      ,kansas1 & ,i1 z 8  
pa/or1 desire to pres5t him a ,bible &  
a ,%>pe's rifle4 7,great applause47     
,e4 ,p4 ,pie4--,i w give "o4            
,/eph5 ,d4 ,purdee4--,i w give "o =     
myself1 & also      ano!r "o = my wife4 
,mr4 ,bee*]4--,i l to see t--x is a bold
 /roke bo?      "r & left4 7,great      
laught]47       ,*>les ,ives4--,put me  
d[n = ?ree4       ,?omas ,r4            
,tr[bridge4--,put me d[n = f\r4         
7,cont9u$      laught]47 ,dr4 ,j4 ,i4   
,h[e4--,i w subscribe = "o4       ,a    
g5tleman said t ,miss ,m>y ,dutton w\ld 
give "o4       ,dr4 ,/eph5 ,g4          
,hubb>d4--,"o4       ,mr4 ,bee*] "h /at$
 t if tw5ty-five c\ld be rais$ on      !
 spot1 he w\ld pl$ge tw5ty-five m f !   
*ur* at      ,plym\?--fifty be+ a       
suffici5t numb] = ! :ole supply4        

7,clapp+ ( h&s all ov] ! h\se47         
,pr(4 ,silliman n[ left ,mr4 ,bee*] to  
speak = ! bid1 &      sat d[n to enjoy !
 occasion4       ,mr4 ,killem4--,i give 
"o4       ,mr4 ,bee*]4--,killem--t's a  
significant "n 9 connection      ) a    
good ,%>pe's rifle4 7,laught]47  ,aft]  
?is1 ?is cl]ical vagabond1 ,bee*]1      
bless$ ! weapons1 & enc\rag$ ! p>ty to g
 =? & d or die 9 ! sublime cause ( nigg]
 fre$om6 ,9 all human probability1 sweet
 ,m>y ,dutton's rifle may h sp$ ! ball t
 pi]c$ ! side ( ,%]iff ,jones1 ! (fic] (
 ! law1 :ile 9 ! hone/ dis*>ge ( a sworn
 duty6 ,subsequ5t murd]s1 :]e pro-slav]y
 m5 7 %ot d[n ) ^! rifles1 we attribute 
to ! om5 t ,bee*] f\nd 9 8 "n ,killem--x
 is a significant "n 9 connection )     
,%>pe's rifle4 ,! real assass9s %oot d[n
 _! m51 & ) _! rifles & ,bibles flee2 b 
%e :o unfrock$ h]self by furni%+ a      
rifle1 & he :o gave & bless$ ! weapon ( 
dea?1 are "h to accept ! ?anks ( _!     
admir]s & p>tisans4 ,let sweet ,m>y & h]
 belov$ pa/or be cr[n$ ) wrea?s ( deadly

 night-%ade1 & consign$ to "o cell 9 ,s+
 ,s+ prison6  ,b ! success ( ,ruffianism
 9 ,kansas1 9 ! h&s ( ^? vile ,abolition
 ,democrats1 has embold5$ memb]s ( !    
same p>ty to introduce x 9 ! ,f$]al     
,capital4 ,b ! o!r day1 ,,mr4 ,,sumn]1 (
 ,massa*usetts1 made1 9 8 place 9 ! ,u4 
,s4 ,s5ate1 "o ( ! mo/ inc5di>y &       
inflammatory spee*es ev] utt]$ on !     
floor ( ei!r ,h\se ( ,congress6 ,!      
vocabul>y ( ,bill+sgate 0 exhau/$ 9     
d5\nc+ all :o d>$ to ju/ify ! in/itution
 ( slav]y--us+1 ov] & ov] aga91 su* t]ms
 z hirel+1 pick$ f ! drunk5 spew ( an   
uneasy civilization 9 ! =m ( m51 c4 ,!  
language made use ( 0 disgraceful to !  
vile ,abolitioni/ himself1 & to !       
,s5ate1 ( :i* he nev] ought to h be5 a  
memb]4 ,!re 0 no limit to ! p]sonal     
abuse 9 :i* ! villa9\s ,s5ator indulg$1 
no re/ra9t to ! vile epi!ts co9$ 9 8    
insane head2 & ! v natural consequ5ce 01
 a p]sonal *a/isem5t ( ,mr4 ,sumn]1 9 ! 
,s5ate *amb]1 by ,mr4 ,brooks1 a        
,repres5tative f ,s\? ,c>ol9a1 & a      

relative ( ,judge ,butl]1 ! g5tleman    
abus$ 9 8 abs5ce1 :i*1 = its sev]ity1   
nev] 0 equall$ 9 ,wa%+ton4 ,mr4 ,sumn] 0
 ! aggressor1 because he p\r$ out !     
vials ( 8 wra? ^u n only ,judge ,butl]1 
a di/+ui%$ ,s5ator1 b ^u ! :ole ,/ate ( 
,s\? ,c>ol9a4  ,we d n ju/ify !         
selection ( a "t & place by ,mr4        
,brooks1 = puni%+ ?is ,massa*usetts     
,abolitioni/2 b we %\ld despise ! son ( 
,s\? ,c>ol9a :o c\ld he> 8 native ,/ate 
arraign$ 9 su* temp] & language1 )\t    
feel+ int5sely1 & manife/+ t feel+ at a 
prop] "t & place4 ,inde$1 x w\ld be     
/range if a ,s\? ,c>ol9ian did n res5t !
 arrogant1 insult+1 & contemptu\s tone  
:i* ,mr4 ,sumn] saw fit to indulge 9    
t[>ds ,s\? ,c>ol9a 9 g5]al1 & h] ,s5ator
 9 p>ticul>6 ,we "k ,judge ,butl]--we h 
se5 him on ! ,b5*1 9 ! dis*>ge ( !      
duties ( a ,circuit-,judge--we h se5 &  
he>d him 9 ! ,s5ate ,*amb]1 :]e he has  
s]v$ = ye>s1 ) cr$it to himself & honor 
to 8 ,/ate4 ,he is an accompli%$ man1 & 
a mo/ amiable & honorable g5tleman4 ,8  

"* is unblemi%$2 he /&s des]v$ly high2  
he is a g5tleman ( urbane & c\rte\s     
demeanor1 & is belov$1 e/eem$1 &        
respect$1 by all g5tlem5 :o "k him or   
associate ) him4 ,besides1 he is an old 
man1 gray-hair$1 & palsi$2 &1 :e!r      
pres5t or abs5t1 des]v$ to be treat$ z a
 g5tleman4  ,nor!rn m5 may n expect to  
vilify ! ,s\? 9 ?is way1 )\t hav+ to    
atone = x4 ,m5 :o pr(ess to belong to ! 
peace p>ty1 ought n to employ language t
 w provoke a fight1 & !n %ield !mselves 
beh9d _! non-resi/ant def5ces4 ,!y      
volunt>ily put !mselves ^u ! plat=m (   
resi/ance--!y pass insults1 & !y mu/    
submit to ! consequ5ces4 ,we h j f9i%$ !
 p]usal ( a case 9 sop's ,fables1       
exactly 9 po9t4 ,x is ! case ( a        
trumpet] tak5 prison] 9 battle4 ,he     
claim$ exemption f ! common fate (      
prison]s ( w>1 9 anci5t times1 on !     
gr\nd t he c>ri$ no weapons1 & 01 9     
fact1 a non-combatant1 belong+ to !     
peace p>ty6 ,non-combatant1 ! ,devil6   
exclaim$ ! oppos+ p>ty1 po9t+ to 8      

trumpet1 z prep>ations 7 be+ made to put
 him to dea?1 ,:y1 ,sir1 y hold 9 y\r   
h&s ! v in/rum5t :i* incites our foes to
 t5fold furies aga9/ u6  ,b ?is fight   
betwe5 ! p>ties has to come1 & x %\ld   
beg9 at ,wa%+ton1 & if n 9 ! halls (    
,congress1 at lea/ 9 ! /reets ( ! ,f$]al
 city4 ,let ! battle be f\ght !re1 & n 9
 ,kansas1 & let x fall ^u ! villa9\s    
agitators ( ! ,slav]y "q1 & !           
,democratic di/urb]s ( ! ,compromises ( 
! ,con/itution4 ,let x come n[1 t x may 
be f\ght out & settl$1 & n left to      
po/]ity1 to curse & cru% ! ris+         
g5]ation6  ,mr4 ,brooks is a ,democrat1 
& an anti-,"k ,no?+4 ,mr4 ,sumn] is a   
,democrat--0 elect$ by ! votes ( !      
,democrats1 ov] t noble & dignifi$ ,:ig1
 ,mr4 ,w9?rop1 & 8 election 0 hail$     
?r\gh\t ! ,union z a ,democratic        
triumph6  ,massa*usetts1 irrespective ( 
p>ties1 seems to h tak5 great (f5ce at  
?is occurr5ce1 & to h held indignation  
meet+s1 & 0 to h _h ,legislative action 
^u ! subject4 ,we tell ,massa*usetts t  

%e is alone to blame1 = s5d+ su* a man  
to ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,s5ate4 ,!re 0 a     
great debate 9 ! ,s5ate tw5ty-five ye>s 
ago1 9 :i* ,daniel ,web/] & ,gov4 ,hayne
 met ea* o!r & grappl$ l giants1 z !y 74
 ,! ,/ate ( ,s\? ,c>ol9a1 9 t day1 ?\gh 
repres5t$ by an able1 patriotic1 & great
 man1 came (f second be/4 ,! ,s5ator f  
,massa*usetts1 ( t day1 0 an able       
/atesman1 a ,con/itutional lawy] (      
unsurpass$ abilities1 &1 )al1 a cauti\s 
g5tleman1 & rose above ! l[ blackgu>dism
 ( a ,sumn] & a ,wilson4 ,:5 taunt$ by !
 ,s5ator f ,s\? ,c>ol9a ) ,f$]alism1 &  
opposition to "s ( ! features ( ! ,w> ( 
#ahab1 ! great ,web/] pres5t$           
,massa*usetts be=e ! ,s5ate & ! ,union1 
9 su* a mann] t m5 ( all sections b[$   
d[n & wor%ipp$ h]4 ,/&+ erect ) ! fla% (
 8 eagle eye1 he exclaim$1 ,!re is      
,bo/on1 & ,concord1 & ,lex+ton1 & ,bunk]
 ,hill--let !m te/ify to ! loyalty (    
,massa*usetts to ?is glori\s ,union6 ,n 
only did ,mr4 ,web/] come out ( t       
controv]sy ) ,s\? ,c>ol9a ) ! admiration

 ( e man 9 ! c\ntry1 b ) ! respect &    
admiration ( ,calh\n1 ,hayne1           
,mc,duffie1 & all ! high-ton$ /atesm5 ( 
! ,s\?4 ,& :y8 ,because he 0 n a ,sumn]1
 a ,wilson1 or an ,abolition ,blackgu>d4
 ,times h *ang$--a diff]5t man takes !  
place ( a ,web/]1 ) only ! memory ( an  
insult+ spee* & a brok5 head6 ,let      
,massa*usetts s5d m5 to ! ,unit$ ,/ates 
,s5ate :o c & w demean !mselves l       
g5tlem51 & g5tlem5 f ! ,s\? w appreciate
 !m1 :ile !y diff] hone/ly ) !m on great
 que/ions4  ,:at wond]ful progress      
,democracy is mak+ 9 ! c\ntry6 ,fir/1   
,democracy qu>rell$ & j[]$ ov] !        
election ( a ,speak] two mon?s1 &       
f9ally1 by ! introduction ( ! ,plurality
 ,rule1 caus$ ,banks1 a ,black          
,republican1 to be elect$4 ,& z if      
det]m9$ to atone = ?is we> ( "t & money1
 !y h br\ght ab\t a s]ies ( fights1 :i*1
 be=e !y are dispos$ (1 w co/ ! gov]nm5t
 half a million ( doll>s6  ,fir/ !n1    
,william ,smi?1 an ex-,gov]nor ( ! ,/ate
 ( ,virg9ia1 & memb] ( ! ,h\se (        

,repres5tatives1 assail$ & beat ! editor
 ( ! ,ev5+ ,/>1 9 ,decemb] la/1 9 !     
/reet4  ,second1 ,alb]t ,rusk1 a memb] (
 ! ,h\se ( ,repres5tatives f ,arkansas1 
assail$ & beat ! editor ( ! ,new ,york  
,tribune 9 ! gr\nds ( ! capitol1        
imm$iately aft] leav+ ! ,h\se (         
,repres5tatives4  ,?ird1 ,philip ,t4    
,h]b]t1 ( ,alabama1 a memb] ( ,congress 
f ,cali=nia1 %ot d[n & kill$ an ,iri%   
,ca?olic wait] at ,will>d's1 & is n[ "u 
bonds to appe> be=e ! ,c\rt & await 8   
trial = su* crime z !y may adjudge him  
to h committ$4  ,f\r?1 ,pre/on ,s4      
,brooks1 a memb] ( ! ,h\se (            
,repres5tatives f ,s\? ,c>ol9a1 assails 
& beats unm]cifully a ,s5ator f         
,massa*usetts1 :5 occupy+ 8 seat 9 !    
,s5ate ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4  ,fif?1 ,mr4  
,bright knock$ d[n ! doorkeep]1 = an    
inconsid]able (f5ce4 ,"h1 !n1 we h five 
brea*es ( ! peace 9 five mon?s1 by      
,democrats ^u ,democrats1 al?\gh !      
,bo/on ,pilot1 a ,ca?olic organ1 falsely
 *>ges t "s ( ! p>ties mak+ ^! assaults 

are ,"k ,no?+s4 ,we congratulate !      
,democratic p>ty ^u ! progress ( its    
lead+ memb]s6 ,!y are s9k+ by swift     
desc5t into b>b>ism1 & br++ ! c\ntry to 
ru94 ,& 9 keep+ ) all ?is1 !y h tri$ to 
nom9ate = ! ,vice-,presid5cy a man :o   
op5ly propos$ 9 ,congress ! repeal ( our
 neutrality laws1 s z to br+ a g5]al    
fight6  ,x w n d to say t ,sumn] is n ( 
! ,democratic p>ty1 because he is a     
regul>-built ,free-,soil] & ,black      
,republican3 ! ,wa%+ton ,union settl$   
?is po9t 9 #aheb1 :5 x utt]$ ^!         
memorable words3       ,! ,free-soil    
,democratic lead]s ( ! ,nor? are a      
regul>      portion ( ! ,democratic     
p>ty1 & ,g5]al ,pi]ce1 if      elect$1 w
 make no di/9ction betwe5 !m & ! re/ (  
! ,democracy 9 ! di/ribution ( (ficial  
patronage1 & 9      ! selection ( ag5ts 
= adm9i/]+ ! gov]nm5t4  ,! rules ( !    
,s5ate =bid p]sonalities 9 debate1 & x 0
 ! sworn duty ( its ,loc(oco ,presid5t1 
,mr4 ,bright1 to h call$ ,mr4 ,sumn] to 
ord] = 8 abuse ( ,judge ,butl]4 ,b z f> 

back z ?irty ye>s ago1 "u ! auspices (  
,,john ,c4 ,,calh\n z presid+ (fic]1 a  
decision 0 made to ! effect t ! presid+ 
(fic] ( ! ,s5ate 0 nei!r b\nd nor _h he 
! p[] to call ,s5ators to ord]6 ,t p[]1 
accord+ to 8 decision1 belong$ :olly to 
! ,s5ate itself----?us deliv]+ ov] !    
m9ority ( t body to ! t5d] m]cies ( !   
majority6 ,! object ( ,mr4 ,,calh\n at !
 "t 0 to play into ! h&s ( a comb9ation 
:i* _h be5 =m$ to break d[n !           
,adm9i/ration ( ,john ,qu9cy ,adams1 &  
to cripple ,h5ry ,clay4 ,! in/rum5t us$ 
0 ! s>ca/ic1 irritat+1 & p]sonal        
rhetoric ( ,john ,r&olph1 !n a memb] ( !
 ,s5ate4 ,to ?is end1 ,r&olph 0 suff]$  
to deliv] 9 ! ,s5ate a long succession (
 tirades1 disgraceful to ! ,s5ate1      
abusive ( ,new ,engl& & ( ,h5ry ,clay4  
,"h is a specim5 ( ,r&olph's abuse1 :i* 
l$ to a duel betwe5 him & ,mr4 ,clay3   
,?is man1 7mank9d1 ,i crave p>don17 ?is 
worm1 7little      animals1 =give !     
insult17 0 rais$ to a high] life ?an    
he 0 born to1 = he 0 rais$ to ! society 

(      blackgu>ds4 ,"s =tune--k9d to    
him1 cruel to u--has toss$      him to !
 ,secret>y%ip ( ,/ate4 ,contempt has !  
prop]ty (      desc5d+1 b /ops f> %ort (
 him4 ,%e w\ld die be=e      %e w\ld    
rea* him3 he dwells bel[ h] fall4 ,i    
w\ld hate      him1 if ,i did n despise 
him4 ,x is n ,,:at he is1 b ,,:]e       
he is1 t puts my ?\ghts into action4 ,! 
alphabet :i*      writes ! "n (         
,!rsites1 blackgu>d1 squalidity1 refuses
      h] lett]s = him4 ,t m9d :i* ?9ks  
on :at x _c      express1 c sc>cely ?9k 
on him4 ,an hyp]bole = ,,meanness       
w\ld be an ellipsis = ,,clay4  ,?is 0   
pleas+ to ,mr4 ,calh\n & ! dom9ant p>ty 
9 ! ,s5ate1 & 8 decision :i* tol]at$ x  
nev] 0 que/ion$ by any au?oritative     
prec$5t1 until ,,mill>d ,,fillmore 0    
elect$ ,vice-,presid5t4 ,) *>act]i/ic   
indep5d5ce1 he det]m9$ t a prec$5t s    
unreasonable & absurd %\ld n be b9d+ on 
him z ! presid+ (fic] ( ! ,s5ate4 ,he   
!re=e1 on assum+ ! duties ( 8 (fice1    
deliv]$ an address to ! ,s5ate1 9 :i* he

 in=m$ t body t he consid]$ x 8 sworn   
duty to pres]ve decorum1 & w\ld rev]se !
 rule :i* _h s long prevail$1 t ,s5ators
 7 n to be call$ to ord] = words spok5 9
 debate6 ,! ,s5ate ord]$ ?is address to 
be ent]$ at l>ge on _! j\rnals1 z an    
evid5ce ( _! endorsem5t ( its doctr9es2 
& !re x is n[1 record$ evid5ce ( !      
patriotism1 high s5se ( decorum1 &      
s5atorial dignity ( t great & good man1 
,,mill>d ,,fillmore4     ,,/r5g? ,,(    
,,p>ties ,,9 ,,t5nessee4  ,,(ficial     
,,votes ,,( ,,! ,,/ate4   ,! foll[+     
tables exhibit ! (ficial vote (         
,t5nessee = ,presid5t 9 #aheb1 =        
,gov]nor 9 #ahec1 & = ,gov]nor 9 #ahee1 
z comp>$ at ! capital ( ! ,/ate1 & w be 
valuable z a table = ref]5ce4 ,9 ! la/  
conte/1 :5 ! ,"k ,no?+ issues 7 fully   
made1 caus+ all ! lat5t blackgu>dism 9 !
 ,democratic ranks to be fully develop$1
 x w be se5 t ,&rew ,johnson receiv$    
#fg1dii votes1 & ,m]$i? ,p4 ,g5try      
#fe1cdb1 leav+ ,johnson a majority (    
#b1aeg1 a fall+ (f ( #ajd votes f 8     

majority ov] ,maj4 ,h5ry two ye>s be=e  
t4 ,x w also be p]ceiv$ t ! vote ( !    
,/ate at ?is la/ election is an increase
 ( #h1bfj ov] ! vote two ye>s previ\s4  
,( ?is increase1 ,col4 ,g5try gets      
#d1ahb1 8 vote exce$+ ,maj4 ,h5ry's by t
 mu*1 :ile ,johnson's increase ^u 8 own 
vote two ye>s previ\s 0 #d1jgh4  ,x is a
 mod]ate calculation to say t ,johnson  
receiv$ at lea/ two ?\s& =eign & illegal
 votes2 :ile we are )9 b\nds :5 we say t
 at lea/ #e1jjj old-l9e ,:igs refus$ to 
vote = ,col4 ,g5try--demon/rat+ beyond  
all d\bt t a majority ( ! legal vot]s ( 
! ,/ate 7 oppos$ to ,johnson & 8 p>ty4  
,9 ! conte/ n[ be+ wag$1 ,fillmore &    
,donelson w c>ry ! ,/ate by a majority  
rang+ f ?ree to five ?\s& votes1 despite
 ! l[ ,bill+sgate slang & vile          
blackgu>dism t may be heap$ ^u !m & _!  
support]s4 ,& z ?is calculation is made 
9 ,june1 five mon?s 9 advance ( !       
election1 we mu/ ask ^? into ^: h&s ?is 
"w %all fall )\t ! limits ( ,t5nessee1  
to be> x 9 m9d1 & :5 !y get ! returns 9 

,novemb]1 to give u cr$it = our sagacity
 or our want ( sagacity6  ,! conte/ w be
 fi]ce & bitt]1 exce$+ any =m] political
 battle witness$ 9 ! ,/ate4 ,if !       
orators & editors ( ! self-/yl$         
,democratic p>ty h n greatly re=m$ 9 !  
space ( "o ye>1 b little argum5t w be   
adduc$1 b little g5tlemanly c\rtesy     
manife/$2 & in/ead ( facts1 figures &   
argum5ts1 bitt] invective1 l[           
blackgu>dism1 & ,bill+sgate abuse (     
secret organizations1 d>k lant]ns1 &    
,prote/ant cl]gym51 w be ! ord] ( ! day4
 ,9 ?is cong5ial "w1 all ! conglom]ation
 ( ignorant m51 =eign paup]s1 & fag-ends
 & factions1 /yl+ !mselves ,democrats1 w
 engage6  ,b to ! (ficial vote ( !      
,/ate3  ,popul> ,vote (                 
,t5nessee--,(ficial4                    
,,ea/ ,,t5nessee4                       
#aheb4              #ahec4              
#ahee4  ,c\nties4        ,scott4        
,pi]ce4    ,h5ry4  ,johnson4    ,g5try4 
,johnson4  ,&]son          #fjb     #bfg
        #fdh     #cgi          #ggb     

#ccc ,bl$soe           #dfd     #bji    
#dfi     #cjc          #djd     #cfa    
,bl\nt            #hbg     #eff         
#aadf     #gcd         #ajfi     #ghi   
,bradley           #edg     #ggh        
#efb    #ajhe          #fdd    #ajba    
,campbell          #cac     #bea        
#cef     #dde          #ejg     #chc    
,c>t]            #ehe     #aci          
#gba     #bid          #gfh     #bch    
,claiborne         #ejc     #eai        
#fbj     #gjg          #gef     #gdd    
,cooke             #gdc     #aif        
#hfg     #chc          #ibi     #dbb    
,gra+]          #heb     #dgg           
#iih     #gfg         #acbg     #fba    
,gre5e            #ghj    #acja         
#ijb    #aiae          #ihi    #aihe    
,hawk9s           #ggh     #hca         
#hje    #aahj          #hhg    #aaeh    
,hamilton          #ggd     #fdh        
#ghf     #igb          #iff    #ajdd    
,hancock           #bda     #ccf        
#bba     #ecb          #bfd     #ehi    
,jeff]son        #aafh     #cjg         

#acif     #fci         #afig     #ddd   
,johnson           #cfe      #ic        
#cib     #ahd          #djj     #bae    
,knox             #ahfc     #efe        
#bbgi     #ggj         #befj     #fie   
,mc,minn            #gif     #hff       
#gii     #ife          #iji     #iec    
,meigs             #ada     #ddb        
#aah     #efa           #ig     #ehh    
,m>ion            #dec     #bib         
#dgf     #ceg          #eed     #dfh    
,monroe            #hje     #hdg        
#gci     #ijj          #hea    #ajje    
,morgan            #bdj     #bbb        
#bbi     #bfj          #bai     #ceh    
,polk              #bgb     #dgj        
#bdi     #ebg          #che     #fgf    
,rhea              #cjj     #cjg        
#bgj     #ceh          #bih     #dae    
,roane             #hbj     #fgh        
#iab     #gee         #ajjb     #gfi    
,sevi]            #fba      #hj         
#hbd     #acc          #ifd     #abj    
,scott             #aii     #abg        
#ahf     #ahb          #aba     #bei    

,sullivan          #bfj    #aaad        
#cfa    #adjg          #fja    #adjc    
,wa%+ton        #efe     #hec           
#ifg    #ajfi          #hdg    #acch    
------  ------       ------  ------     
#ai1bih  #ah1gfc       #ba1ghg  #ai1cid 
,,middle ,,t5nessee4  ,c\nties4         
,scott4  ,pi]ce4    ,h5ry4  ,johnson4   
,g5try4  ,johnson4  ,b$=d          #acij
    #acef       #acei    #abeg          
#afcj     #abic ,cannon            #dec 
#gbg        #dde     #hjc         #deh  
#hei ,c(fee            #bje     #gbb    
#bgd     #hbd         #bid      #hhj    
,davidson         #bfag    #bjeh        
#beig    #aifc        #cacb     #aghc   
,de ,kalb           #eei     #ehh       
#fcb     #faj         #efj      #gch    
,dickson           #cbc     #fjg        
#ceg     #gdc         #chh      #gde    
,f5tress          #aec     #daa         
#aff     #ejd         #abi      #faf    
,frankl9          #ccj    #aacc         
#cef    #abbd         #cid     #acjb    
,giles            #acjc    #addg        

#acja    #adfh        #acab     #adci   
,grundy             #dd     #cbg        
#eh     #cgd          #bb      #dbe     
,h>d9            #fdc     #hjh          
#fga     #hbg         #gde      #gge    
,hickman           #bda     #hci        
#bfc     #hab         #bbc     #ajec    
,humphreys         #bfc     #dga        
#cda     #eja         #ced      #edc    
,jackson          #aagj     #hjc        
#aaed     #iie        #aabb     #aaca   
,lawr5ce          #edg     #ehc         
#ebc     #gca         #ebd      #hde    
,lewis              #dc     #ahf        
#ff     #ahb          #cd      #bdc     
,l9coln           #fjf    #bbig         
#fag    #bcbb         #djb     #beba    
,maury            #acbd    #agii        
#abch    #agca        #addd     #agic   
,montgom]y       #abfj     #iic         
#acji    #ajjd        #aejb      #hha   
,m>%all          #fff    #acdj          
#fga    #abhb         #fgh     #acaj    
,macon             #fag     #cgd        
#eec     #cda         #edj      #dbd    

,ov]ton           #cde    #ajci         
#dca    #abhb         #bij     #aebh    
,rob]tson        #ajac     #gfi         
#aahc     #gfc        #abef      #hjd   
,ru!r=d       #adie    #acac       #adjg
    #abdc        #adce     #abhh ,smi?  
#agdb     #ebj       #agce     #edf     
#aegb      #fdd ,/ew>t           #ecc   
#gbe        #dgi     #gah         #efc  
#ghe ,sumn]            #hbe    #aefc    
#hjf    #adbe         #ghj     #agdj    
,van ,bur5         #ajg     #afe        
#aaj     #bje          #ij      #bbh    
,w>r5            #cdd     #ibb          
#djb    #ajic         #cic     #aaec    
,wayne             #fff     #chj        
#gji     #dcj         #fhg      #ece    
,:ite             #idi     #eah         
#igd     #fcd         #igh      #fid    
,williamson       #aehc     #gfc        
#aejb     #gaj        #afba      #fhh   
,wilson           #bbdh     #ibc        
#bbda     #iie        #bbij      #icg   
------  ------      ------   ------     
#bf1icj  #cj1eej      #bg1hdb   #cb1fbc 

,,we/ ,,t5nessee4  ,c\nties4            
,scott4  ,pi]ce4    ,h5ry4  ,johnson4   
,g5try4  ,johnson4  ,b5ton              
#cdj     #dhe        #cic     #dfe      
#dge      #dec ,c>roll          #adih   
#fdi       #adfi     #ffc        #aefg  
#fid ,decatur           #djj     #cae   
#djh     #bhe         #cec      #dbi    
,dy]              #ejh     #daa         
#dgf     #cgc         #ddb      #dhc    
,fayette          #ajjf    #ajcd        
#ajaa    #ajjf        #aaea      #idj   
,gibson           #aegj     #ija        
#aead    #ajbd        #afah     #abac   
,h>deman          #gag    #ajbd         
#fea    #ajbe         #fai     #aabc    
,h5d]son        #aaic     #eaa          
#acja     #eic        #abcj      #gcd   
,h5ry             #hii    #aeaf         
#hia    #adif         #hga     #agch    
,haywood           #gij     #gcb        
#gbf     #ghe         #hjc      #gfb    
,laud]dale        #ccj     #bgg         
#cai     #beb         #ced      #big    
,mc,nairy           #iba     #hgb       

#ajaf     #ihd         #iae     #ajei   
,madison          #adbf     #hai        
#abfa     #gie        #addh      #ghh   
,obion             #dca     #fdd        
#edg     #gib         #djg      #hfe    
,p]ry             #cbe     #cad         
#chg     #cbi         #cbj      #dej    
,%elby           #ahbd    #afbh         
#aede    #adce        #ahca     #adgg   
,tipton            #ceg     #efe        
#bhd     #ebg         #dbd      #eff    
,weakley           #ghc    #aadi        
#gcc    #abgi         #hhe     #adaa    
------  ------     ------  ------       
------   ------                #eh1hjb  
#eg1abc     #ad1icb  #ad1ajh            
#ae1gac   #ae1dhb                #eg1abc
                ------ ,scott's         
majority1      #a1fgi       ,ea/        
,t5nessee1               #ai1bih        
#ah1gfc      #ba1ghg   #ai1cid          
,middle ,t5nessee1             #bf1icj  
#cj1eej      #bg1hdb   #cb1fbc          
------  ------      ------   ------     
#fa1afj  #fc1dba      #fe1cdb   #fg1dii 

#fa1afj               #fe1cdb           
------               ------             
,johnson's majority               #b1bfa
                #b1aeg   ,fillmore &    
,donelson ,electoral ,ticket4  ,z a     
matt] ( ref]5ce1 & t none may mi/ake !  
,am]ican ,ticket on ! day ( ! election1 
we give x z agre$ ^u & matur$ by our    
p>ty3  ,,= ,,! ,,/ate4  ,,hon4 ,,neill  
,s4 ,,br[n1 ( ,davidson4 ,,horace       
,,mayn>d1 ( ,knox4  ,,= ,,! ,,di/ricts4 
#a/ ,di/rict--,n4 ,g4 ,,taylor1 ( ,c>t]4
 #b;d           ,,moses ,,:ite1 ( ,knox4
 #c;d           ,,reese ,b4 ,,brabson1 (
 ,hamilton4 #d?          ,w4 ,p4        
,,hick]son1 ( ,c(fee4 #e?               
,,rob]t ,,hatton1 ( ,wilson4 #f?        
,w4 ,h4 ,,wis5]1 ( ,b$=d4 #g?           
,c4 ,c4 ,,cr[e1 ( ,giles4 #h?           
,j4 ,m4 ,,qu>les1 ( ,montgom]y4 #i?     
,,isaac ,r4 ,,hawk9s1 ( ,c>roll4 #aj?   
,,joseph ,r4 ,,mosby1 ( ,fayette4  ,?is 
is an able ticket1 & greatly sup]ior to 
! oppos+ ticket1 z our read]s w be> u   
witness :5 !y he> ! p>ties 9 debate4    

,mo/ ( ^! g5tlem5 h cons5t$ to s]ve on !
 ticket at great p]sonal sacrifices2 & l
 _! *ief1 ,mr4 ,,fillmore1 !y h und]tak5
 to s]ve _! p>ty & c\ntry )\t wait+ to  
inquire ( its prospects ( success or    
defeat4 ,& all ! rew>d !y seek is to be 
able to conduct ! /ruggle to a victori\s
 consummation 9 ,t5nessee1 & ?is we feel
 confid5t !y w d4 ,! battle 9 ,t5nessee 
w be hotly conte/$1 b x is by no means  
d\btful4 ,t5nessee = ! la/ tw5ty ye>s1 &
 9 five prec$+ presid5tial conte/s1 has 
refus$ to range h]self "u ! black bann] 
( ,loc(ocoism2 & n[ t t bann] is d\bly  
infam\s by be+ rais$ & *e]$ by          
,ca?olics1 =eign]s1 & paup]s ( e clime1 
x is fair to presume %e w spurn ! flag6 
,,! ,,black ,,republican ,,nom9ees4   ,!
 ,black ,republican ,p>ty1 9 _! rec5t   
,conv5tion at ,philadelphia1 h nom9at$  
,,john ,,*>les ,,fremont1 ( ,cali=nia1 =
 ! ,presid5cy1 & ,ex-,s5ator ,,william  
,l4 ,,dayton1 ( ,new ,j]sey1 = ! ,vice  
,presid5cy6  ,?is man ,fremont is no    
/atesman--has no exp]i5ce 9 political   

life--has n ! fir/ qualification = ?is  
em95t & responsible /ation--& 8         
nom9ation has n be5 made ^u any         
plausible pretext :atev]4 ,he is an     
,eng9e] by pr(ession--once p5etrat$ ) 8 
companions to ! ,pacific coa/1 across ! 
,rocky ,m\nta9s--is ! son-9-law ( ,tom  
,b5ton--is a ,free ,trade ,loc(oco1 & an
 av[$ ,free ,soil]4  ,! foll[+ lett]    
address$ by ,fremont to ! great         
,tab]nacle ,abolition meet+ 9 ,new      
,york1 la/ spr+1 is full & explicit1 &  
def9es 8 position on ! slav]y "q3       
,,new ,,york1 ,april #bi1 #ahef4        
,,g5tlem53 ,i h to ?ank y = ! honor ( an
 invitation      to a meet+ ?is ev5+ at 
! ,broadway ,tab]nacle1 &      regret t 
o!r engagem5ts h int]f]$ to prev5t my   
be+ pres5t4       ,i he>tily concur 9   
all movem5ts :i* h = _! object      'to 
repair ! mis*iefs aris+ f ! violation ( 
good      fai? 9 ! repeal ( ! ,miss\ri  
,compromise4' ,i am oppos$      to      
slav]y 9 ! ab/ract & ^u pr9ciple1 su/a9$
 &      made habitual by long-settl$    

convictions4       ,:ile ,i feel        
inflexible 9 ! belief t x ought n to be 
int]f]$ ) :]e x exi/s "u ! %ield ( ,/ate
      sov]eignty1 ,i am z inflexibly    
oppos$ to its ext5sion on      ?is      
cont95t beyond its pres5t limits4       
,) ! assurance ( reg>d = y\rselves1     
,i am v respectfully y\rs1              
,j4 ,c4 ,,fremont4       ,messrs4 ,j4   
,d4 ,morgan & o!rs4  ,9 addition to ?is1
 ,fremont is ! repres5tative (          
aggression3 he is a ,filibu/]1 & !      
expon5t ( a civilization above all      
con/itutions1 & all laws4 ,! fact t     
,sew>d1 ,*ase1 ,gidd+s1 & su* m5--able  
anti-slav]y m51 & exp]i5c$ politicians1 
7 pass$ ov]1 is pro( t !y 7 n gov]n$ by 
pr9ciple1 b seek to %ift ! issue1 & to  
make x p]sonal & sectional4 ,take into !
 acc\nt1 moreov]1 ! fact t ,dayton1 a   
man ( mod]ate tal5ts1 is a sort (       
,protective ,t>iff ,loc(oco1 ! advocate 
( ,=eign ,paup] labor1 & ! l>ge/ lib]ty 
= ,ca?olics1 & x gives to ! ticket a    
consid]able degree ( int]e/4  ,! lead+  

m5 9 ! ,conv5tion 7 reckless &          
unpr9cipl$ demagogues1 ( ! ,loc(oco     
s*ool ( politics1 includ+ ! ,briti%     
,free ,trade policy1 ,filibu/]ism1 etc41
 ^: only aim is place & plund]4 ,_!     
,free-soil pr9ciples1 outside ( _!      
radical purposes1 are sc>cely sk9 deep6 
,by _m well-in=m$ m51 no d\bts are      
ent]ta9$ n[1 t ! nom9ation ( ,fremont & 
,dayton has be5 ! result ( an intrigue  
betwe5 ,sew>d & ,ar*bi%op ,hughes2 & f a
 resolution ( _! plat=m1 z report$ by ! 
,committee on ,resolutions1 we atta*    
cr$it to ?is inf]5ce4 ,x w br+ !        
,bu*anan p>ty at ! ,nor? to t]ms1 z !y  
are likely to be ! only suff]]s f ?is   
ticket4 ,x w be manag$ 9 future alone ) 
an eye to ! aid ( ,bu*anan6  ,we take ! 
foll[+ notice ( ,fremont f ! ,*>le/on   
7,s4 ,c47 ,/&>d1 & consid] x e way      
reliable3       ,mr4 ,fremont w be de/9$
 to play a di/+ui%$ "p 9      ! drama1 &
 8 hi/ory & "* !re=e w1      d\btless1  
become subjects ( consid]able           
importance4 ,he is      g5]ally reg>d$ z

 a native ( ,*>le/on1 b ( ?is we      h 
occasion to d\bt4 ,_m g5tlem5 "h1 :o    
knew him 9      e>ly life1 concur 9 say+
 t he 0 born 9 ,savannah4 ,up      to )9
 a %ort "t prior to 8 bir?1 8 "m 0 a    
resid5t ( ,norfolk1 9 ,virg9ia1 & x is  
g5]ally ass]t$      t 8 p>5ts resid$ 9  
,savannah be=e !y became settl$      9  
,*>le/on2 h[ev] ?is may h be51 x is at  
lea/      conc$$ t he fir/ came into    
notice 9 ?is city4 ,8      prospects "h 
7 n p>ticul>ly promis+1 b he            
attract$ ! att5tion ( "s philan?ropic   
g5tlem51 :o      provid$ ! means = 8    
entrance & in/ruction 9 !      ,*>le/on 
,college4 ,8 progress !re 0 n rem>kable1
 &      :5 8 class graduat$ he 0 n      
consid]$ entitl$ to a      diploma4 ,he 
0 aft]w>ds recomm5d$ z a prop] p]son to 
take *>ge ( ! night-s*ool ( !           
,appr5tices' ,libr>y      ,association2 
b1 ?\gh 8 atta9m5ts 7 suffici5t1 &      
8 address p>ticul>ly acceptable to !    
,directors ( t      ,in/itution1 he 0 n 
z att5tive z he might h be51 &      !   

s*ool fell ?r\gh4 ,he aft]w>ds procur$1 
?r\gh ,mr4      ,po9sett1 a situation z 
in/ructor ( junior (fic]s on bo>d      a
 vessel ( w> b\nd to ! ,pacific1 & 9 ?is
 condition is      said to h acquitt$   
himself well4 ,he aft]w>ds acquir$      
"s k ( civil eng9e]+1 & fill+           
unimportant      positions 9 connection 
) "o & ano!r public "w1 0      at l5g?  
br\ght to notice & di/9ction by 8       
connection      ) ,mr4 ,ni*olet 9 8     
,survey ( ! ,mississippi ,valley1 &     
f t m>*$ /eadily on to ! ,rocky         
,m\nta9s1 & a      r5[n t has plac$ 8 "n
 be=e ! c\ntry4       ,f ! records ( 8  
e>ly life1 x w\ld seem t he _h          
tal5t1 & 0 q addict$ to naval read+1 b 0
      wayw>d1 & if n indol5t1 0         
ineffici5t 9 ! tasks      und]tak5 at ! 
in/ance ( o!r p1 & up to ! "t      ( 8  
entrance ^u 8 duties z in/ructor 9 !    
naval      s*ool1 _h h>dly made up 8 m9d
 :e!r he w\ld be a man      ( "* or a   
blackgu>d4 ,he 0 fond ( dress1 h[ev]1   
& ! records ( ! c\rt /ill %[ t he wore a

 suit (      clo!s :i* he 0 aft]w>ds    
compell$ to decl>e on oa?      8        
inability to pay =1 9 ord] to avoid     
inconv5i5t      re/rictions ^u 8 p]sonal
 lib]ty2 b *ance gave a      prop]      
direction to 8 abilities2 he _h ! lat5t 
en]gy (      "* to act up to 8          
opportunities1 & he has really          
pres5t$ a c>e] :i* any "o might reg>d ) 
satisfaction4 ,x is c]ta9ly to be       
regrett$ t he %\ld      l5d himself to !
 uses ( a p>ty s reckless & subv]sive1  
n only ( ! ,union b ( ! rights ( t      
section to      :i*1 if capable (       
s5tim5ts ( patriotism1 he might be      
suppos$ to feel atta*m5t2 b ! prospect (
 ! ,presid5cy      w\ld be a sore trial 
to ! probity ( mo/ m51 & we f9d         
no?+ 9 ! antec$5ts ( ,mr4 ,fremont to   
cause a feel+ (      disappo9tm5t t he  
%\ld yield to ! allurem5ts (      p[]4  
,he is comm5d$ = 8 att5tions to 8 "m1 & 
!y      7 c]ta9ly exempl>y4 ,%e 0 poor1 
& aft] he det]m9$      to behave himself
 & "w l a man1 he made h] z entirely    

com=table z !re 0 ! reason to believe 8 
circum/ances p]mitt$4                   
,,po/script4--,mr4 ,fremont turns out to
 be a ,roman ,ca?olic1 & to h be5 rais$ 
"o1 & ?is expla9s ! read9ess ( ,bi%op   
,hughes to ab&on ,bu*anan1 & g ov] to   
,fremont4 ,x also expla9s :y x is t s _m
 ,g]man ,ca?olic pap]s are com+ out =   
,fremont1 9 ! l>ge cities1 & 9 !        
,nor?-,we/]n ,/ates4  ,9 #ahej1 ,fremont
 held a seat 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,s5ate1 =
 ! space ( ab\t ?ree mon?s1 & dur+ t "t 
s\ght to introduce a ,ca?olic ,prie/ to 
op5 _! s]vices ) pray]s1 & 0 successful 
to "s ext5t4 ,he also att5d$ s]vice at !
 ,ca?olic ,*ur*4 ,! ,wa%+ton ,/>1 ( !   
#ai? ,june1 #ahef1 gives ! foll[+       
exposition ( facts1 9 ref]5ce to        
,fremont & 8 religion3       ,a ,,sort  
,,( ,a ,,ca?olic4--,we take x = grant$ t
 among !      in=mal pl$ges extract$ by 
delegations 9 ,george ,law's            
,conv5tion1 f ,col4 ,fremont1 !re 0 n "o
 aga9/ !      ,ca?olic ,*ur*2 insomu* z1
 up to ! rec5t bir? ( 8      aspirations

 = ! ,presid5cy1 he always pass$ 9      
,wa%+ton      = a good en\gh outside    
,roman ,ca?olic2 t be+ ! ,*ur*      9   
:i* he 0 re>$4 ,he 0 m>ri$ 9 ?is city1 x
 w be      rememb]$1 by ,fa!r ,van      
,horseigh1 a cl]gyman ( 8      ,*ur*--n 
( t ( 8 wife's family4  ,! ,republicans 
s\ght to incorporate into _! plat=m a   
plank 9 opposition to ! ,religi\s       
,proscription ( ! ,am]ican p>ty1 s z to 
suit ! ta/e ( ,romani/s g5]ally2 b      
,?addeus ,/ev5s1 :o kn[s ,p5nsylvania z 
well z any man liv+1 implor$ !m n to d  
s1 & /at$ t su* a c\rse1 ) ,fremont z _!
 nom9ee1 w\ld lose !m ,p5nsylvania by   
#ej1jjj votes6  ,x turns out1 h[ev]1 t  
,fremont1 z ! anti-,am]ican1            
anti-,prote/ant c&idate1 ) ,mr4 ,dayton 
on ! ticket1 equally anti-,am]ican1 &   
devot$ to ,romanism1 w sweep ! ,ca?olic 
vote 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,ca?olics may   
favor ,bu*anan 9 su* ,s\!rn ,/ates z d n
 run a ,fremont ticket1 b 9 all !       
,nor!rn & ,nor?-,we/]n ,/ates1 !        
,fremont ticket w ru9 ! ,bu*anan ticket4

  ,?is "q1 tak5 9 connection ) ! ,slav]y
 issue1 & ! ,filibu/]+ issue1 n>r[s !   
conte/ d[n to "o betwe5 ,fillmore &     
,fremont4 ,bu*anan is defeat$1 & !      
,s\!rn fire-eat]s see & feel x6 ,!      
,atlanta 7,ga47 ,intellig5c] comes out &
 /ates1 t if ,bu*anan c't be elect$1 x  
pref]s ,fremont to ,fillmore6 ,& ! ,s\? 
,c>ol9a & ,mississippi ,disunioni/s     
op5ly av[1 t !y wi% ?is to be ! la/     
conte/ ( ! k9d4 ,!y are = ,bu*anan or   
,fremont1 ov] ,fillmore1 because !y     
believe ! election ( ei!r w h ! glori\s 
effect to br+ ab\t a dissolution ( !    
,union6 ,9 ! same brea? !y admit t      
,fillmore w labor to p]petuate ! ,union1
 & t 8 election w h ! effect to prolong 
its exi/5ce a few brief ye>s6  ,s\!rn   
m51 & ,nor!rn m51 ,union m51 & national1
 cons]vative m51 ( all p>ties1 c n[ see 
:]e we are driv+ to1 & :o !y %\ld       
support = ! ,presid5cy4 ,let !m gu>d    
aga9/ ^! demons ( ,pop]y--^! inc>nate   
fi5ds ( ! ,free ,soil fai?--^! fanatics 
( a sectional ca/--^! slimy vultures (  

,secession--^! bogus ,democrats--& ^!   
inf9itely inf]nal traitors to !         
,con/itution & ! ,union6       ,col4    
,fremont 0 educat$ 9 & graduat$ f ,/4   
,m>y's      ,college1 9 ,baltimore1 a   
,roman ,ca?olic ,in/itution4 ,he 0      
br\ght up 9 ! ,ca?olic ,fai?1 & is a    
,ca?olic4 ,he m>ri$      a daught] (    
,col4 ,b5ton4 ,miss ,b5ton 0 a          
,presbyt]ian4 ,!y      7 m>ri$ by a     
cl]gyman ( t d5om9ation2 b a            
,ca?olic prie/ made a fuss ab\t x z be+ 
null1 void1 &      h]etical1 & ! c]emony
 0 re-p]=m$ by him6--,auburn            
,am]ican4  ,! ,am]ican might h add$1 t  
,fremont is ! son ( a ,ca?olic ,fr5*man1
 ! son ( a ,ca?olic "m1 & 0 re>$ "u     
,ca?olic influ5ce4 ,nay1 ,fremont       
educates 8 *ildr5 at ! ,roman ,ca?olic  
,in/itution at ,georget[n1 9 ! ,di/rict 
( ,columbia6 ,! plac+ ( su* a c&idate   
be=e ! public1 seems especially design$ 
to defy public s5tim5t1 & mock !        
,prote/ant ,am]ican feel+ ( ! c\ntry6   
,we _h expect$ ! ,ca?olics1 ) ,bi%op    

,hughes at _! head1 9 a few ye>s m1 to  
come out op5ly1 & run a ,ca?olic = !    
,presid5cy1 b we _h n suppos$ !m bold   
en\gh to attempt x 9 #ahef4 ,to %[      
beyond all d\bt t ! nom9ation ( ,fremont
 0 ! result ( a coalition betwe5 ,sew>d 
& ,hughes1 m 9 ref]5ce to ! ,ca?olic "q 
?an ! ,slav]y issue1 we pres5t ! record 
( ,fremont 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,s5ate--8  
ultra-,pro-,slav]y c\rse--8 vot+ aga9/  
ju/ice to ! ,colonization ,society1 &   
sev5 hundr$ & fifty captur$ slaves--8   
opposition to ! abolition ( ,slav]y 9 ! 
,di/rict ( ,columbia6   ,,he ,,is       
,,extreme ,,s\!rn ,,& ,,pro-,,slav]y4   
,john ,c4 ,fremont held a seat 9 !      
,unit$ ,/ates ,s5ate1 9 #ahej1 = ! space
 ( a few mon?s4 ,dur+ t "t he made no   
spee*es2 inde$1 he has sc>cely ev] be5  
kn[n to utt] any s5tim5ts1 or sanction  
any op9ions4 ,yet 8 votes1 z a memb] ( !
 ,s5ate1 did make = him a record2 & x is
 ?is record t w />e him 9 ! face z long 
z he lives--a record 9 direct conflict )
 8 pres5t pr(essions & position be=e !  

c\ntry3       ,,look ,,at ,,x6--,,john  
,c4 ,,fremont',s ,,/atesman%ip4       ,f
 ! ,congressional ,globe--,vol4 #ba1 "p 
#b;d1 p4 #ahjc1 etc4                    
,,9 ,,s5ate ,,( ,,unit$ ,,/ates1 ,sept4 
#aa1 #ahej4       ,mr4 ,und]wood1 (     
,k5tucky1 call$ up ! bill = ! relief    
( ! ,am]ican ,colonization ,society4 ,! 
slaves t 7      recaptur$ on ! b>que    
,pons 7 turn$ ov] to !                  
,colonization ,society1 by ! au?ority ( 
! ,unit$ ,/ates1      s5t to ,lib]ia1 & 
!re kept at ! exp5se ( ! society      = 
"o or two ye>s4 ,mo/ ( !m 7 *ildr5 (    
twelve1      fifte51 & sixte5 ye>s (    
age4 ,! society ?9ks t !      exp5se (  
fe$+1 clo?+1 & educat+ ^! p1 :i*      0 
?us devolv$ on !m by ! action ( !       
,gov]nm5t1      ought to be repaid !m4  
,x 0 c]ta9ly an exp5se incurr$      by !
 society1 ?r\gh ! action ( ! ,gov]nm5t 9
      ?r[+ ^! "y negroes ^u !m =        
ma9t5ance1 in/ead      ( tak+ !m1 z !   
,gov]nm5t 0 b\nd to d by law1 &         
provid+ = !m4 ,t is ! nature ( ! claim4 

,!y      simply ask t s mu* %all be paid
 !m z ! society1 f      its own         
exp]i5ce1 pays 9 ref]5ce to its own     
emigrants4 ,!      claim 0 report$ ^u   
favorably two ye>s ago4 ,a simil>       
report has aga9 be5 made2 & z !         
necessities ( !      society require t  
!y %\ld h ! money1 ,i hope1 said        
,mr4 ,u41 ! ,s5ate w cons5t to take up !
 bill4 ,! ,s5ate      agre$ to take up !
 bill1 & proce$$ to consid] x z 9       
,committee ( ! ,:ole4       ,mr4 ,turney
 ask$ = ! read+ ( ! report ( !          
,committee4       ,! ,secret>y read !   
report accord+ly4 ,x sets =? t      a   
lib]al con/ruction ( ! act ( ,congress (
 ,m>* #c;d1      #ahai1 w\ld require t !
 ,gov]nm5t %\ld provide = !      support
 ( ^! recaptur$ ,africans1 = a          
reasonable "t      aft] !y _h be5 l&$ 9 
,lib]ia1 & t x is b5ea?      ! dignity (
 ! ,gov]nm5t to devolve ?is duty ^u !   
society4 ,! petition ( ! executive      
committee ( ! society      :i* !        
,committee incorporat$ 9 _! report1     

/ates t      on ! #af? ( ,decemb]1      
#ahde1 ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,%ip ,yorkt[n1   
,commodore ,bell1 l&$ at ,monrovia1 9   
,lib]ia1 f ! slav]      ,pons1 sev5     
hundr$ & fifty recaptur$ ,africans1 9 a 
nak$1      />v+1 & dy+ condition1 all ( 
!m except+ tw5ty-"o      be+ "u ! age ( 
tw5ty-"o4 ,! ,unit$ ,/ates made no      
provision = _! support aft] !y 7 l&$4444
       ,! s]vices ( provid+ = ! de/itute
 negroes 7 n      requir$ to be p]=m$ by
 ! society "u _!      con/itution1 b !  
alt]native 0 to leave ^! recaptur$      
,africans to />ve & die1 & ! society    
!re=e      *e]fully took *>ge ( !m1     
rely+ ^u ! ,gov]nm5t (      ! ,unit$    
,/ates to refund ! co/ to !m4  ,! "q 0  
discuss$ at l5g? z to :e!r ! ,unit$     
,/ates w\ld pay ^! j & legal dem&s2 & on
 ! vote be+ tak5 = ! engrossm5t ( ! bill
 to a ?ird read+1 ,mr4 ,fremont's "n is 
f\nd record$ 9 ! negative--z foll[s3    
,,yeas--,messrs4 ,badg]1 ,baldw91 ,bell1
 ,*ase1 ,clayton1 ,davis (      ,mass41 
,,dayton1 ,dodge ( ,wis41 ,dodge ( ,i[a1

 ,d\glass1 ,ew+1      ,fel*1 ,gre5e1    
,hale1 ,haml91 ,jones1 ,mangum1 ,pe>ce1 
,pratt1      ,sew>d1 ,%ields1 ,smi?1    
,spruance1 ,/urgeon1 ,und]wood1 ,wales1 
,walk]1 ,:itcomb1 & ,w9?rop--#bi4       
,,nays--,messrs4 ,at*ison1 ,b>nwell1    
,b5ton1 ,butl]1 ,dawson1      ,dick9son1
 ,d[ns1 ,,fremont1 ,hunt]1 ,k+1 ,mason1 
,rusk1      ,seba/ian1 ,s\le1 ,turn]1 & 
,yulee--#af4  ,,look ,,aga96--,on ! #ah?
 day ( ,septemb]1 #ahej1 ! bill to      
prev5t p]sons f entic+ away slaves f !  
,di/rict ( ,columbia 0 "u consid]ation1 
& ,john ,p4 ,hale mov$ t x be committ$  
to ! ,committee on ! ,di/rict (         
,columbia1 ) in/ructions to s am5d x z  
to ,,aboli% ,,slav]y ,,9 ,,! ,,di/rict  
,,( ,,columbia4 ,on ! vote be+ tak51    
,,fremont',s "n 0 record$ 9 !           
,,negative4 7,see ,cong4 ,globe1 #ca/   
,congress1 "p #b1 p4 #ahei47  ,su* is   
,mr4 ,fremont's record ( ,/atesman%ip4  
,x %[s 8 nom9ation by ! ,republicans to 
h be5 a holl[ mock]y--a di%one/         
f>ce1--an insult to ! intellig5ce ( !   

,am]ican p4  ,we %all h]eaft] pursue !  
record ( ?is rem>kable man4  ,bi%op     
,hughes & ,wm4 ,h4 ,sew>d h be51 = ye>s1
 intimate p]sonal & political fri5ds4 ,x
 is a "p ( ! political hi/ory ( ,new    
,york1 t ,sew>d is alone indebt$ to     
,hughes = 8 reelection to ! ,unit$      
,/ates ,s5ate4 ,!y are bo? n[ unit$ 9 ! 
support ( ,fremont1 & !y procur$ 8      
nom9ation ov] ,judge ,mc,lean1 a pure & 
patriotic man--= _m ye>s a ,me?odi/     
,class-,lead]1 & an (fic] ( a ,prote/ant
 ,bible ,society4  ,! coalition betwe5  
,hughes1 ,sew>d & ,fremont1 is complete1
 & ! evid5ce ( ! f\l coalition &        
conspiracy w appe> 9 full1 9 a few days1
 b n 9 "t = u to get x into ?is "w4 ,we 
are "r glad ( x1 z x n>r[s ! conte/ d[n 
to "o betwe5 ,fillmore & ,fremont1 &    
especially at ! ,nor?4  ,9 "s ( !       
,nor!rn ,/ates1 x is n[ conclusive t a  
,bu*anan ticket w n be run1 :ile 9 e    
,nor!rn ,/ate :]e su* a ticket is run1 x
 w be ) no hope ( success6 ,hughes &    
,sew>d w induce sev]al ,/ates to drop   

,bu*anan1 & unite on ,fremont1 by b>ga9+
 ) !m1 & obligat+ !mselves to give !    
,democracy half ( ! spoils4 ,already    
sev]al ,s\!rn ,democratic pap]s are     
say+1 t if !y c't elect ,bu*anan1 !y    
pref] ,fremont to ,fillmore6 ,?is ought 
to op5 ! eyes ( all true patriots4      
,,old ,,l9e ,,:igs1 ,,& ,,! ,,motives   
,,gov]n+ ,,"s ,,( ,,!m6   ,9 ?is free   
c\ntry ( ours1 g5tlem5 h a "r to support
 any ,presid5tial or o!r ticket !y may  
*oose to support2 & :]e !y are gov]n$ by
 pure motives 9 diff]+ f a majority ( _!
 neighbors & old political associates1  
no "o has a "r to compla94  ,"s few     
g5tlem51 kn[n z ,old ,l9e ,:igs1 w n    
come into ! support ( ! ,am]ican ticket1
 b w ev5 support ! ,democratic ticket2 &
 d x f an hone/ 7?\gh mi/ak57 belief t  
!y c mo/ effectually s]ve ! int]e/s ( ! 
c\ntry by ?is c\rse4 ,) su*1 we %all be 
! la/ man to raise a qu>rel--claim+ ! "r
 to d z we please 9 matt]s ( ! sort4 ,b 
!re are "s m5 9 ! ranks ( ! enemy n[1 :o
 are gov]n$ by v diff]5t motives2 & z ^!

 are quot$ aga9/ ! ,am]ican p>ty1 or1 z 
_! refusal to act ) ! p>ty is a matt] ( 
boa/+ 9 ! ,democratic ranks1 x is due to
 ! cause ( tru?1 & ( ! c\ntry1 t !y %\ld
 be und]/ood1 t _! ef=ts may be         
appreciat$4  ,)\t int5d+ to be t$i\s1 we
 "n ,,james ,c4 ,,jones1 ( ,t5nessee1 z 
at ! head ( ! li/ ( ,old ,l9]s1 ^:      
devotion to ! ,s\?1 & love ( lib]ty1    
prev5t him f support+ ,fillmore &       
,donelson4 ,?is is ! v]ie/ /uff 9 !     
political _w6 ,gov4 ,jones _c excuse !  
matt] ( 8 opposition to ,mill>d         
,fillmore ^u ! gr\nds he re/s ! case1 9 
8 ,circul> address$ to 8 con/itu5ts4 ,! 
true secret ( ! matt] mu/ come to light1
 t old ,:igs & new ,:igs1 ,am]icans &   
,democrats1 may appreciate 8 motives4   
,la/ fall1 at ! ,fair 9 ,jackson1 9 ,we/
 ,t5nessee1 9 ! h\se & at ! b$side (    
,,&rew ,,gu?rie1 on be+ inquir$ ( z to 8
 future c\rse1 ! ,gov]nor became v mu*  
excit$1 & r\ndly ass]t$1 t if ! ,am]ican
 p>ty nom9at$ ,fillmore1 he %\ld g aga9/
 him4  ,because ,fillmore1 9 8 appo9tm5t

 ( p]sons to (fice 9 ,t5nessee1 did n   
consult him1 b 9 _m cases appo9t$ 8     
p]sonal enemies6 ,m>k1 he did n pause to
 inquire :o might be ! oppos+ c&idate to
 ,mr4 ,fillmore4 ,he 0 n !n1 z he is n  
n[1 gov]n$ by any pr9ciple 9 ! matt]1 b 
by passion4 ,he is aga9/ ,mr4 ,fillmore1
 "u all circum/ances1 no matt] :o may   
oppose him6 ,& :y8 ,because ,mr4        
,fillmore did n suff] him to put 8      
num]\s active fri5ds into fat (fices "u 
! ,g5]al ,gov]nm5t2 to _m ( :om he _h   
made pl$ges :ile he 0 /ruggl+ = a seat 9
 ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,s5ate--:]e he ought   
nev] to h gone1 & :]e ! bett] portion ( 
^? :o aid$ 9 8 election n[ regret hav+  
s5t him6  ,b x is true1 ,fillmore & 8   
,cab9et did refuse ! extravagant dem&s  
made = (fice by ! ,gov]nor2 & 9 no s+le 
in/ance did !y appo9t m5 to (fice f     
,t5nessee )\t consultation ) ,,bell1    
,,g5try1 & ,,williams2 all ?ree ( :om 7 
(f5sive to ,jones4 ,!y _h prov5 !mselves
 to be wor?y ( consultation2 ! ,gov]nor 
_h n6 ,?is acc\nts1 moreov]1 = ! ef=ts (

 ,jones at ,baltimore to defeat !       
nom9ation ( ,fillmore1 & to procure !   
nom9ation ( ,scott--ef=ts :i*1          
un=tunately = ! c\ntry1 7 b too         
successful6  ,:5 ! ,am]ican p>ty 0      
organiz$ 9 ,t5nessee1 ,,jones _h no     
objection to ! cre$1 & w\ld h fall5 into
 ! ranks1 b !n he beheld ,g5try &       
,br[nl[ 9 ! p>ty--m5 :om he despis$     
above all o!rs4 ,he tri$ to prev5t !    
nom9ation ( ,g5try = ,gov]nor by        
lett]-writ+1 & by seek+ to get up a ,:ig
 ,conv5tion4 ,fail+ 9 ^! s*emes1 he ?rew
 himself into ! ar5a1 & secretly damag$ 
,g5try all he c\ld1 & play$ into ! h&s (
 ,johnson1 :o 0 only elect$ by a        
majority ( "s two ?\s& votes6  ,we are n
 in=m$ z to ! c\rse ,gov4 ,jones w      
pursue 9 ?is conte/1 fur!r ?an ?is1 he w
 g aga9/ ,fillmore4 ,we pr$ict t he w   
support ,bu*anan4 ,pride ( "* may keep  
him f x--if he h any ( t commodity left1
 aft] 8 five ye>s' resid5ce at ,wa%+ton6
 ,! plat=m ^u :i* ,bu*anan has be5 plac$
 by ! ,c9c9nati ,conv5tion1 is a        

reit]ation ( viol5t & undy+ ho/ility to 
e measure ( public policy t 0 advocat$  
by ,,h5ry ,,clay & ! ,old ,:ig p>ty4    
,jones /ill pr(esses an equally undy+   
devotion to ,clay & 8 pr9ciples4        
,moreov]1 ,jones has1 on e /ump 9       
,t5nessee1 held up ,bu*anan z a rank old
 ,f$]ali/1 a ,p5nsylvania ,abolitioni/1 
& z ! wick$ traduc]1 viol5t calumniator1
 & malignant p]secutor ( ,h5ry          
,clay--ev5 attribut+ 8 promotion to !   
,secret>y%ip ( ,/ate1 by ,mr4 ,polk1 to 
8 infam\s ag5cy 9 fa/5+ ^u ,mr4 ,clay ! 
f\l *>ge ( b>ga91 intrigue1 &           
corruption4 ,we confess t we are at a   
loss to see h[ ,jones c fall into !     
support ( ,bu*anan4 ,! nom9ation ( ! man
 is a direct insult to ,old ,clay ,:igs6
  ,,alb]t ,g4 ,,watk9s1 ! ,repres5tative
 9 ,congress f ! ,fir/ ,congressional   
,di/rict ( ,t5nessee1 has gone ov] to   
,democracy1 plac+ 8 *ange ^u ! gr\nd ( 8
 great conc]n = ! ,s\?6 ,we take x t he 
w support ,bu*anan )\t hesitancy4 ,?is  
w\ld place ,watk9s be=e ! c\ntry 9 8    

true colors1 & reflect ! lik5ess ( ! man
 ) dagu]reotype accuracy66 ,) su* a     
plat=m1 & su* a c&idate on x1 ,watk9s   
w\ld h ! appe>ance ( a man walk+ 9 "o   
direction1 ) 8 head turn$ completely    
ar\nd1 & 8 face look+ ! o!r way6 ,!     
incongruity ( ! plat=m1 & ! peculi>     
reputation ( ,bu*anan = political       
inconsi/5cy1 are alike adapt$ to !      
hi/ory & incid5ts ( ,watk9s's late      
canvass = ,congress6 ,! pla9 tru? is1 t 
! man s completely de/roy$ himself1 & 0 
s ru9\sly expos$ by 8 competitor1 ,,col4
 ,,taylor1 :om he beat only "s two      
hundr$ votes1 7& t by means t make 8    
seat 9 ,congress "o ( ?orns17 t he c\ld 
b g ov] to ,loc(ocoism4 ,& al?\gh he    
has1 9 =m] days1 held up ,bu*anan on !  
/ump z an old ,f$]ali/1 & z ! revil] &  
p]secutor ( ,h5ry ,clay1 he c advocate  
him n[ ) a bett] grace ?an he c look 8  
,"k ,no?+ con/itu5ts 9 ! face6 ,we _c   
say ( ?is man z ,pope said ( ,craggs3   
,broke no promise1 s]v$ no private end1 
,ga9$ no title1 & :o lo/ no fri5d4      

,,william ,g4 ,,swan1 ( ,knoxville1 is  
next on ! li/ ( ,old ,l9e ,:igs :o h    
gone ov] to ! ,=eign ,ca?olic           
,democratic p>ty1 & ( ^: conv]sion !    
,democrats at a di/ance boa/4 ,"h !y d n
 brag2 b on ! o!r h&1 "s ( ! lead]s1 ^: 
names we c supply1 au?orize u to /ate t 
!y d n want him1 & w n receive him4 ,?is
 man 0 twice beat5 = ! ,legislature 9   
?is c\nty--nev] elect$ by ! p to any    
position outside ( ,knoxville--& became 
s\r$ at ! ,:ig p>ty4 ,he w5t = ,johnson 
& ,sag ,ni*tism la/ summ]1 & 8 loss is n
 regrett$ by ! ,am]ican p>ty 9 ?is      
c\nty4  ,b ,,john ,h4 ,,crozi]1 (       
,knoxville1 has gone ov] to ,old ,buck &
 8 admir]s2 & ?is is claim$ z a *ange6  
,?is little man1 supremely selfi%1 0    
turn$ out ( ,congress five ye>s ago1 by 
,,josiah ,m4 ,,&]son1 ) ! p at 8 back1 =
 tak+ too mu* mileage1 by sev]al hundr$ 
doll>s p] session1 = f\r ye>s6 ,he      
aft]w>ds desir$ ! ,:ig p>ty to run him =
 ,gov]nor2 b !y 7 n will+ to und]take ! 
load4 ,he became s\r$1 & la/ summ] paid 

a visit to "s ( ! c\nties bel[1 to      
avoid1 z 0 believ$1 vot+ = ,g5try =     
,gov]nor1 & ,sne$ = ,congress4 ,he 0    
=m]ly v bitt] 9 8 opposition to         
,democracy2 & on _m a /ump has he d5\nc$
 ,bu*anan1 & all o!rs conc]n$ 9 ! b>ga9 
& intrigue sl&] ( ,clay1 besides hold+  
up ,buck z a ,blue-light ,f$]ali/6 ,at a
 rec5t ,bu*anan ,ratification meet+ 9   
,knoxville1 he made a bitt] spee* aga9/ 
! ,am]ican p>ty6  ,^! two m51 ,swan &   
,crozi]1 7 active 9 gett+ up an         
organization aga9/ u1 9 #ahdi1 by head+ 
a company :i* pur*as$ ! ,regi/]         
,e/abli%m5t1 ( ?is city1 at ! head ( :i*
 !y plac$ "o john mill] m'kee1 beh9d :om
 !y & o!rs conceal$ !mselves & wrote    
viol5t & abusive articles1 ?r\gh a      
controv]sy ( two ye>s4 ,driv+ ! :ole (  
!m to ! wall1 z we did1 9 ! controv]sy1 
!y det]m9$ to mob & te> d[n our (fice2 &
 ) a view to ?is1 ^? conc]n$ deposit$ _!
 guns1 & o!r implem5ts ( husb&ry1 9 !   
law (fice jo9tly occupi$ by ^! two m51  
:o h op]at$ z tw9 bro!rs = sev]al       

ye>s--ea* sympa?iz+ ) ! o!r 9 8         
political defeats6 ,^? conc]n$ 7 det]r$ 
f ?is contemplat$ & well-arrang$ assault
 ^u our (fice1 by ,,col4 ,,luttrell1 !  
,comptroll] ( ! ,/ate1 & o!r g5tlem5 (  
n]ve1 arm+ !mselves ) %ot-guns1 pi/ols1 
& hat*ets1 & tak+ _! /& at our (fice6   
,no?+ daunt$ by ?is defeat1 ^! gallant  
lawy]s1 & g5]\s--n to say               
brave--oppon5ts betook !mselves to !    
c\nty ( ,&]son1 9 ?is ,judicial         
,circuit1 & ) great difficulty got up an
 indictm5t aga9/ u1 "u an old /atute1   
=gott5 by g5tlem5 ( ! b>1 = adv]tis+ a  
,baltimore lott]y s*eme2 :5 !y !mselves1
 & _! relatives1 7 deal+ 9 ! ,art ,union
 lott]y 9 ?is city6 ,!y 7 mo/ signally  
defeat$ 9 t indictm5t2 &1 toge!r ) ! two
 ,williamses1 bro!rs-9-law ( ,crozi]1   
s\ght to drive ! bus9ess m5 ( ! place1 &
 o!rs1 f adv]tis+ 9 our pap]1 or        
subscrib+ = x4 ,fail+ 9 ?is1 !y s\ght to
 prev5t u f gett+ ! ,gov]nm5t adv]tis+  
"u ,fillmore's adm9i/ration2 & 9 ?is !y 
fail$1 ?\gh ?is is ! gr\nd ( _! ho/ility

 to ,fillmore & 8 ,cab9et1 z well z to  
,john ,bell1 ,m4 ,p4 ,g5try1 & ,c4 ,h4  
,williams4  ,! ,regi/] fell ?r\gh--0    
sold "u ! hamm] = tw5ty-two hundr$      
doll>s--,mc,kee ran away--& ! company h 
_h ab\t ,,five ,,?\s& ,,doll>s to pay = 
him1 :i* hurts prodigi\sly6 ,our ,,:ig  
has /eadily increas$ 9 favor ) ! p1 &   
its circulation is n[ ,,! ,,rise ,,(    
,,five ,,?\s&--be+ ! l>ge/ circulation t
 any political or o!r j\rnal ev] atta9$ 
9 ,ea/ ,t5nessee6 ,inde$1 no political  
weekly 9 ,t5nessee n[ has1 or ev] did h1
 a circulation equal to ,,br[nl[',s     
,,knoxville ,,:ig4  ,a "y man call+     
himself ,lu!r ,patt]son1 has be5        
conduct+ a =eign ,sag ,ni*t %eet at     
,k+/on1 call$ ! ,gazette]1 & :i* has    
gone by ! bo>d = ! want ( patronage4    
,?is little eight by t5 %eet has be5    
editorially1 & by means ( anonym\s      
communications1 assault+ ! writ] ( ?is  
"w1 & ! editor ( ! ,regi/]1 ,,mr4       
,,flem+4 ,patt]son paid a rec5t visit to
 ?is place2 at :i* "t ,flem+ met ) him  

on ! /reet1 & publicly *a/is$ him1      
apply+ ! toe ( a /iff boot to ! we/ end 
( 8 p]son1 ) "s =ce4 ,patt]son turn$    
ab\t & boa/$ 9 8 pap] t he _h ! be/ ( ! 
fight4 ,our pap] & ,flem+'s correct$ ?is
 false v]sion ( ! affair1 & gave !      
facts2 :]eupon ,patt]son su$ out a writ 
9 ! ,circuit ,c\rt = ,flem+1 = damages  
done to 8 p]son 9 said r5contre1 lay+ 8 
damages at #e1jjj6 ,%ortly aft] ?is he  
in/itut$ a civil action aga9/ ! publi%]s
 ( ! pap] we edit1 & ano!r aga9/ u = !  
article we wrote aga9/ him2 & ^! suits  
are n[ p5d+4  ,^! two gallant attorneys1
 z we are in=m$1 are employ$ z c\nsel by
 ,patt]son--a "y man :o has no visible  
means ( pay+ lawy]s1 b ! eag]ness ( ^!  
g5tlem5 to get aft] u w\ld lead !m to "w
 = no?+ & f9d !mselves4 ,9 addition to  
_! sev]al civil suits aga9/ sev]al ( u1 
!y h s5t _! man be=e ! ,gr& ,jury (     
,knox c\nty1 & made a pres5tm5t aga9/ u 
= hav+ out-wrote _! ,sag ,ni*t editor6  
,! object ( ^! suits aga9/ ! editors &  
publi%]s ( ! ,am]ican pap]s "h1 is to   

gag !m1 or to *eck _! influ5ce 9 ?is    
conte/4 ,b !y h mi/ak5 _! m54 ,l o!r    
vip]s1 !y w f9d1 be=e ^! matt]s end1 t  
!y bite a file--a file ( good ,am]ican  
/eel1 & temp]$ to t degree ( h>dness t  
all _! malignity1 int5se & active z x is
 kn[n to be1 w n be able to prevail     
aga9/ x6  ,:5 we came to ?is city (     
,knoxville1 9 #ahdi1 we sold our (fice  
at ,jonesbor\gh1 at private sale1 to pay
 a security debt1 & pur*as$ a new press 
& mat]ials on a cr$it4 ,^! we s5t on to 
! c>e ( ,,williams  ,,co41 !            
bro!rs-9-law ( ,crozi]1 :o kept ab\t !  
only commission & =w>d+ h\se 9          
,knoxville4 ,we 7 deta9$ at ,jonesbor\gh
 f\r weeks by close conf9em5t to our b$2
 & our mat]ials arriv+ "h1 ^! ,old ,l9e 
,:igs1 :o _h always pr(ess$ fri5d%ip    
t[>d u1 refus$ to give !m h\se-room2 &  
_h n ,,james ,w4 ,,nelson & o!rs /epp$  
=w>d & paid ! *>ges1 & procur$ a h\se = 
!m1 ! /eamboat capta9 w\ld h sold !m out
 = ! c>riage6  ,^! magnanim\s g5tlem51  
memb]s ( ! le>n$ pr(ession ( ! law1 next

 contriv$1 ?r\gh c]ta9 influ5ces !y     
br\ght to be>1 to turn u out ( ! only   
(fice we c\ld r5t 9 ! city1 & ?us !y    
drove u )\t ! limits ( ! ,corporation1 &
 compell$ u to erect a tempor>y (fice ^u
 our own lot1 :i* we _h b\ght on a      
cr$it4 ,!y 7 n[ at ! end ( _! r[4 ,"o 0 
a c&idate = ,congress1 ! o!r = a seat 9 
! ,legislature4 ,we pit*$ into bo?1 & !y
 7 bo? defeat$2 b we d n claim t x 0    
?r\gh our influ5ce4 ,l ,c>d9al ,wolsey1 
h[ev]1 !y bo? _h to bid f>ewell1 a long 
f>ewell1 to all _! greatness4 ,f !      
p9nacle ( ,congressional & ,legislative 
honors1 !y h be5 precipitat$ to ! %ades 
( private life1 & to political          
obscurity4 ,_! *ief ambition n[ is1 to  
play fanta/ic tricks 9 c\rts ( ju/ice1 &
 be=e gr& jurors1 9 ! way ( annoy+ ^? !y
 h nei!r ! manl9ess nor c\rage to call  
to an acc\nt ^u _! own hooks6  ,!       
e/abli%$ usage ( g5tlem51 :5 (f5d$ by a 
newspap] editor1 is to exact p]sonal    
satisfaction4 ,to ackn[l$ge t y are     
p]sonally aggriev$1 & !n to retort 9    

tricks beh9d ! (f5d]'s back1 or words   
beh9d y\r privileges at ! ,b>1 is to    
ackn[l$ge t "o is ei!r a fool or a      
c[>d--p]haps bo?4 ,a *ief object 9 ?is  
crusade aga9/ u is to gag u dur+ ?is    
campaign1 & kill u (f f ! /ump & !      
press2 b !y h c]ta9ly /udi$ our "* to b 
little purpose4 ,& :atev] l9e ( policy  
_! prompt]s & associates ( ! ,loc(oco   
s*ool may urge ^u !m1 let !m be assur$ t
 !y _c muzzle criticism ( _! p]sonal or 
political del9qu5cies4 ,x is a sacr$    
duty to unmask ! r5egade1 to expose !   
traitor1 & to hold up ! demagogue to    
public reprobation4 ,t duty w be p]=m$  
freely & fe>lessly1 by ! au?or ( ?is "w1
 come weal or come woe4 ,if ^! two      
,knights ( ! ,rueful ,c\nt5ance kill &  
eat a doz5 ,"k ,no?+s1 we "k "o memb] ( 
! ,ord] !y w n affright into sil5ce4 ,= 
_! c[>dly assaults & _! (fici\s         
int]m$dl+s !y may b>e _! backs to ! la%4
 ,we w be ) !m to ! bitt] end1 & w only 
=sake !m 9 ! ,ge?semane ( _! retreat6   
,_h we come "h ) press & type1 9 #ahdi1 

& agre$ to be controll$ by ^! m5 & _!   
p>ticul> fri5ds1 we c\ld h be5 ! man = !
 times4 ,_h we /oop$ to flirt & coquette
 & fawn & dance ar\nd ^! m51 we c\ld h  
_h _! endorsem5t1 _! influ5ce1 & _!     
money1 to any reasonable ext5t4 ,b we   
nei!r s\ght _! fri5d%ip1 nor covet$ _!  
adulations4 ,we claim to h be5 made (   
su* inflexible mat]ials1 z n readily to 
g ?r\gh ! transmutations necess>y to    
secure ! k9d reg>ds ( ^! m54 ,we are no 
(fice-seek]1 & desire no rew>d beyond ! 
consci\sness ( hav+ p]=m$ our duty1 & ( 
hav+ s]v$ our c\ntry to ! be/ ( our     
ability4  ,we take ?is occasion to      
repeat :at we h h]et(ore said 9 our     
j\rnal1 t ne>ly e prom95t man 9 !       
c\ntry1 call+ himself an ,old ,l9e ,:ig1
 & n[ oppos$ to ,fillmore & ,donelson1  
is influ5c$ by p]sonal grievances1 or a 
desire to get (fice--matt]s ) :i* ! p h 
n ! slighte/ conc]n4 ,_! opposition to !
 ,am]ican ticket proce$s f p]sonal      
ho/ility1 ei!r to ! c&idates1 "s ( !    
electoral c&idates1 or c]ta9 prom95t    

advocates ( ! ticket1 & f no less       
unwor?y motives4 ,( c\rse !re are       
exceptions to ?is rule4  ,! idea ( an   
,old ,clay ,:ig support+ ! ,bu*anan     
ticket is bo? absurd & ridicul\s4 ,to   
say no?+ ( ! f\l & malignant *>ge (     
b>ga91 intrigue1 & corruption1 ,bu*anan 
labor$ to fa/5 ^u ,clay1 ! ,plat=m ^u   
:i* ! ,c9c9nati ,conv5tion has plac$    
,bu*anan repudiates e pr9ciple ,clay    
cont5d$ =1 & held z sacr$ to ! day ( 8  
dea?4 ,on ! contr>y1 ! ,am]ican p>ty has
 n ignor$ "o political t5et held by !   
,:ig p>ty1 b has add$ new ones2 none (  
:i* are at w> ) ! cre$ ( ,clay1 or !    
,con/itution ( our c\ntry6 ,to make %ort
 "w ( a long /ory1 no man :o ev] 0 a    
true ,:ig1 & act$ ) t p>ty f pr9ciple1 c
 consi/5tly g ov] to ! bogus ,democracy 
( ?is day1 & vote = ,bu*anan &          
,breck5ridge6  ,talk ab\t a ,clay ,:ig  
turn+ ,sag ,ni*t6 ,:at an idea6 ,:at    
pr9ciple does ?is ,=eign ,democratic    
p>ty hold1 t an ,old ,l9e ,:ig1 or a    
cons]vative man1 ,nor? or ,s\?1 does n  

disapprove8 ,:at pr9ciples h !y ev]     
held1 ! evil effects ( :i* are n n[ /&+ 
out 9 bold relief z a monum5t ( _! %ame1
 & to :i* !y h add$ ! unp>donable s9 (  
mak+ w> ^u ,,native ,,am]ican           
,,prote/ants8  ,9 conclusion1 ! read] w 
please all[ a few rem>ks ,,p]sonal to ! 
writ]1 & he is done--leav+ ! public to  
make _! own comm5ts1 & _! own           
disposition ( bo? ?is book & its au?or4 
,our life has be5 a public life--our    
cause a public cause4 ,we h our faults1 
z mo/ m5 h2 & we h committ$ "s errors1 z
 mo/ m5 h4 ,our few acts ( goodness &   
virtue1 if any1 we leave o!rs to hunt   
up2 our faults are subjects ( criticism1
 & are view$ ) a jaundic$ eye by our    
oppon5ts4 ,?r\gh a c\rse ( eighte5 ye>s 
( editorial invective1 7:e!r "r or      
wrong17 we claim to h be5 actuat$ by    
none o!r ?an ! be/ ( motives4 ,we h nev]
 be5 prompt$ by ambition1 malice1 or a  
desire to make money4 ,our voice1 :i*   
has e*o$ ov] _m hills & ?r\gh _m        
valleys1 has nev] be5 he>d 9 ext5uation 

( guilt2 has nev] be5 he>d to plead !   
cause ( ! gambl]1 ! swe>]1 ! drunk>d1 ! 
robb]1 or ! assass94 ,:]ev] vice has    
lift$ its sev5 heads & t5 horns--:]ev]  
fraud has %[$ its ?iev+ h&--:]ev] gambl+
 has display$ its rott5 he>t--:]ev]     
demagogues h s\ght to impose on ! hone/ 
p--!re h we tri$ to be conspicu\s2 n z  
_! aid] & abettor1 b z _! sc\rge1 _!    
accus]1 & _! unrel5t+ foe4 ,& among ?is 
class ( m5 are our mo/ bitt] foes4 ,:at 
fri5ds we h are to be f\nd at ! fireside
 ( virtue--among sob]1 s$ate1 & ?9k+ m51
 & among ! brave & honorable4 ,we h nev]
 be5 ! slave or sycophant ( any man or  
p>ty1 z our imm5se b& ( subscrib]s1     
numb]+ ?\s&s1 w be> u witness4  ,& n[1  
,,am]icans1 :ile we look =w>d to !      
future ) pleas+ anticipations--:ile we  
rejoice 9 prospect ( ! f9al triumph (   
wisdom1 ( reason1 & ( virtue1 ov]       
audaci\s ignorance1 palpable corruption1
 cant+ hypocrisy1 & caball+             
,democracy--,god =bid t we %\ld indulge 
! va9 idea t we h no?+ to d6 ,let e     

fri5d ( ,am]ican rights & ,prote/ant    
lib]ties take a bold1 a decid$ /&1 v[+  
mo/ solemnly t he w h no fell[%ip at !  
ballot-box ) ! fri5ds ( t unpity+ mon/]1
 a ,,democratic ,,papal ,,hi]>*y6 ,be   
active1 be vigilant1 & p]sev]+1 & ! day 
is ultimately ours6      ,/rike till !  
la/ arm$ foe expires2     ,/rike = y\r  
alt>s & y\r fires2     ,/rike = ! gre5  
graves ( y\r sires1         ,god1 & y\r 
native l&6     ,,to ,,/eph5             
,,tribble--,,lett] ,no4 #b4             
,,sir3--,on ! night ( ! #i? ( ,june1    
#ahef1 y held =? 9 ! ,c\rt-,h\se 9      
,*>le/on1 ,mo41 tak+ myself1 ,rev4      
,josiah ,mc,crary1 ! ,me?odi/ /ation$   
prea*] ( t t[n1 & ,me?odi/s g5]ally1 =  
y\r text4 ,x w\ld seem t ! t\* ,i gave  
y1 & a lett] ( m9e read be=e a l>ge     
congregation 9 ,*>le/on1 on ,sabba?     
ev5+1 ,june #h?1 h fully develop$ all ! 
lat5t blackgu>dism ( y\r e>ly tra9+ &   
corrupt nature6 ,i w n[ place ! record (
 y\r infamy be=e ! _w 9 su* a p]man5t   
=m1 & circulate x s ext5sively1 t y\r l[

 ,bill+sgate & vile blackgu>dism c nev] 
h>m any man or sect4 ,i w make su* a %[+
 ( y t no p]sons ( ref9$ feel+s or ( any
 pride ( "* w he> y prea* or ent]ta9 y 9
 future6 ,i w rem9d _m read]s ( ! %[+ up
 ( y\r infam\s "* & conduct1 by ! editor
 ( ! ,l\isville ,j\rnal1 t5 or twelve   
ye>s ago1 & ( ! exposure ( y\r villa9\s 
conduct by ! ,rev4 ,mr4 ,mc,nutt1 (     
,k5tucky1 ?r\gh ! ,na%ville ,advocate1  
"s eight or n9e ye>s ago4  ,i w only add
 ! foll[+ article f my pap] ( ! #ba/    
,june1 #ahef1 z x completes y\r record1 
s f> z ,t5nessee is conc]n$4 ,i w only  
add1 t y 7 driv5 out ( ,mc,minn ,c\nty 9
 ,ea/ ,t5nessee1 :]e y 7 prea*+1 ly+1 & 
dr9k+ :iskey1 ye>s ago4 ,!re & !n1 too1 
! records ( ! ,sullivan ,c\nty affair1  
c]tifi$ to by ! ,cl]k1 7 produc$ aga9/  
y6 ,b to ! article f my late pap]3      
,,/eph5 ,,tribble ,,aga94  ,?is old     
hypocrite & sc\ndrel has be5 d5y+ 9 !   
pulpit t he 0 ev] convict$ ( manslaught]
 or br&$6 ,x turns out1 also1 t ! old   
villa9 once jo9$ ! ,am]ican p>ty 9 ,we/ 

,t5nessee6 ,& la/1 b n lea/1 x seems t  
he 0 turn$ out ( bo? ! ,me?odi/ &       
,presbyt]ian ,*ur*es be=e he became a   
,campbellite prea*]4 ,a pretty disciple 
to be abus+ hone/ m56 ,b to ! law & to !
 te/imony3                              
,,roane ,,c\nty1 ,june #c;d1 #ahef4     
,,sir3--,9 y\r issue ( ! #ad? ( ,may1 y 
notice ,/eph5      ,tribble1 & ask =    
in=mation conc]n+ him4 ,he came to      
! l[] end ( ,roane c\nty f "o ( ! upp]  
c\nties (      ,ea/ ,t5nessee1 & pass$  
himself = an ,arian prea*]4 ,i          
object$ to 8 prea*+ 9 a meet+-h\se1 &   
came ne>      gett+ myself into a       
scrape4 ,ab\t t "t a g5tleman came      
f our upp] c\ntry1 & said he _h se5 8   
fa!r apply      ! br&+-iron to ,tribble1
 & ! smoke rose t5 feet high6      ,i !n
 began to play on a h>p ( "o /r+ aga9/  
him1 &      t 0 a tribble1 :]eupon he   
left betwe5 two days =      ,k5tucky6   
,he 0 once expell$ f ! ,me?odi/ ,*ur*1 &
      aft]w>ds he 0 expell$ f !         
,presbyt]ian ,*ur*4 ,if      ,tribble   

disputes :at ,i say1 all ,i ask is a    
*ance to prove x4      ,i live t5 miles 
s\? ( ,k+/on1 ne> ,b>n>dsville4 ,y\rs   
truly1                                  
,,john ,,blair4         99       99     
99       99       99                    
,,p>is1 ,,t5n41 ,june #f?1 #ahef4       
,,de> ,,sir3--,i see 9 a late issue (   
y\rs t y are aft] a      ,rev]5d wolf1  
,/eph5 ,tribble4 ,i am p]sonally        
acqua9t$ )      him1 z ,i liv$ 9        
,sullivan c\nty :5 he 0 9 !             
,bl\ntville jail4 ,i h he>d him prea*   
"h1 & d5y f      ! /& ev] hav+ be5 9    
jail1 :5 he & ,i _h talk$      ! :ole   
matt] ov] ! day be=e4 ,he is n[ ab\t    
=ty-eight ye>s ( age--has a sc> on 8    
*eek4 ,he prea*$      "h mon?ly 9 #ahdf1
 & "h x 0 t he jo9$ !      ,am]ican     
p>ty4 ,he n[ resides ei!r 9 ,graves or  
,fulton      c\nty1 ,k5tucky4 ,"o ( 8   
bro!rs told me la/ week t he      n[    
prea*es at "o po9t 9 ,k5tucky1 & ! re/ (
 8 "t      9 ,miss\ri4 ,"o ( _! prea*]s 
told me t he gets drunk      & cuts up  

l>gely4 ,y\rs1 ) respect1               
,a4 ,j4 ,,hicks4  ,to ! =ego+ lett]s we 
add a c]tifi$ copy ( ! records ( !      
,circuit ,c\rt ( ,sullivan c\nty1 & aft]
 ?is we %all leave ?is old cl]ical      
debau*ee to prea* = su* ,sag ,ni*ts z   
may feel edifi$ by 8 m9i/ry3            
,,monday1 ,sept4 #bd1 #ahbg4       ,/ate
 ( ,t5nessee1 ,fir/ ,circuit1 ,sullivan 
,c\nty ,c\rt3 met      accord+ to       
adj\rnm5t4 ,pres5t1 ,honorable ,samuel  
,p[ell1      ,judge1 c4                 
,,friday1 ,sept4 #bh1 #ahbg4            
,,/ate vs4 ,,/eph5 ,,tribble ,,& ,,john 
,,tribble4       ,9 ?is cause1 ! jury   
hav+ retir$ ye/]day to consid]      ( _!
 v]dict1 "u ! c>e ( an (fic]1 & ! same  
jury1 to wit3 ,james ,/eele1 ,wm4       
,morgan1 ,jo%ua ,mill]1 ,john           
,?omas1 ,wm4 ,ha%man1 ,john ,wassum1    
,?omas ,br[n1 ,/eph5 ,b4      ,cawood1  
,john ,k4 ,arnold1 ,?omas ,fa91 ,william
 ,hughes1 &      ,william ,h4 ,biggs1   
return+ to ! b>1 d say1 !y f9d !        
def5dants n guilty ( ! murd]1 b !y f9d  

!m guilty      ( manslaught] z *>g$ 9 ! 
bill ( indictm5t4 ,:]eupon      !       
def5dants mov$ ! ,c\rt = a rule to %[   
cause :y a      new trial %\ld be _h1   
:i* rule is grant$1 & on argum5t        
said rule is dis*>g$4 ,x is !re=e       
consid]$ by !      ,c\rt t = su* (f5ce !
 said def5dants be imprison$      = !   
t]m ( f\r cal5d> mon?s3 t !y be br&$ )  
! lett] ,m 9 ! brawn ( ! ?umbs ( _! left
 h&s on      to-morr[ morn+1 & t !y pay 
! co/s ( ?is suit or      rema9 9 cu/ody
 until ! same is paid4         99       
99       99       99       99           
,,/ate ,,( ,,t5nessee1 ,,sullivan       
,,c\nty4  ,i1 ,jno4 ,w4 ,cox1 ,cl]k ( ! 
,circuit ,c\rt ( ,sullivan ,c\nty1 d    
h]eby c]tify t ! =ego+ is a full1 true1 
& p]fect copy ( ! f9al judgm5t 9 ! case 
( ,/ate vs4 ,/eph5 ,tribble & ,john     
,tribble1 z appe>s ( record 9 my (fice4 
,giv5 "u my h& at ?is (fice1 ! #aj? (   
,june1 #ahef4                           
,jno4 ,w4 ,cox1 ,cl]k1                  
,by ,a4 ,j4 ,cox1 ,dep4 ,cl]k4  ,9      

conclusion1 ,/eph51 ,i take my leave ( y
 n[1 hav+ introduc$ y to ! #e1jjj       
subscrib]s to ! ,:ig1 ! #g1ejj          
subscrib]s to our campaign pap]1 & ! t5s
 ( ?\s&s ( read]s ( ?is book--a "w :i* w
 exi/ & be ref]r$ to :5 ,i am 9 my      
grave1 & y are 9 ! hot embraces ( !     
,devil6 ,y w at lea/ agree ) me t t 0 an
 evil h\r = y :5 y travell$ out ( y\r   
way to assail me be=e a /range audi5ce 9
 ,miss\ri4                              
,i am1 c41                              
,w4 ,g4 ,,br[nl[4                       
,knoxville1 ,june #bc;d1 #ahef4     ,a  
,,s]mon ,,on ,,slav]y4        ,deliv]$  
by ! und]sign$ 9 ,temp]ance ,hall 9     
,knoxville1      on ,sabba?1 #h? (      
,june1 #ahef1 to a l>ge & att5tive      
audi5ce1 compos$ ( citiz5s & /rang]s--"s
 f !      ,nor? & "s f ! ,s\?--occupy+  
"o h\r & a qu>t]      9 ! deliv]y4 ,x is
 publi%$ z x 0 deliv]$1 )\t      an     
omission or an alt]ation4 ,respectfully1
 c41                                    
,w4 ,g4 ,,br[nl[4       ,,text4--,let z 

_m s]vants z are "u ! yoke c\nt _!      
own ma/]s wor?y ( all honor1 t ! "n (   
,god & 8      doctr9e be n              
blasphem$4--#a ,tim4 vi4 #a4  ,:oev]    
reflects ^u ! nature ( man1 w f9d him to
 be almo/ entirely ! creature (         
circum/ances3 8 habits & s5tim5ts are1 9
 a great measure1 ! gr[? ( adv5titi\s   
circum/ances & causes2 h5ce ! endless   
v>iety & condition ( our species4 ,t    
race ( m5 9 our c\ntry kn[n z           
,abolitioni/s1 ,free-soil]s1 or ,black  
,republicans1 look ^u any deviation f ! 
con/ant r\nd 9 :i* !y h be5 sp9n+ out ! 
?read ( _! exi/5ce z a dep>ture f       
nature's great sy/em2 &1 f a kn[n       
pr9ciple ( our nature1 ! fir/ impulse ( 
^! fanatics is to condemn4 ,x is ?us t !
 man born & matur$ 9 a free ,/ate looks 
^u slav]y z unnatural & horrible1 & 9   
violation ( e law ( ju/ice or humanity6 
,& x is n uncommon to he> bigots ( ?is  
"*1 9 _! *ur*es at ! ,nor?1 implor+ !   
,div9e wra? to %[] d[n ! consum+ fires (
 heav5 on t great ,sodom & ,gomorrah ( !

 ,new ,_w1 all t section ( c\ntry s\? ( 
,mason & ,dixon's l9e1 :]e ?is unju/    
practice prevails4  ,:5 an unprejudic$ &
 c&id m9d exam9es into ! pa/ condition (
 our race1 & le>ns ! fact :i* hi/ory    
develops1 z ! inquir] w1 t a majority ( 
mank9d 7 slaves1 he w be driv5 to !     
melan*oly reflection1 t ! _w1 :5 fir/   
peopl$ by ,god himself1 0 n a _w (      
freem51 b ( slaves6  ,slav]y 0 really   
e/abli%$ & sanction$ by ,div9e au?ority 
among ev5 ,god's *os5 p1 ! favor$ *ildr5
 ( ,israel4 ,abraham1 ! f\nd] ( ?is     
int]e/+ nation1 & ! *os5 s]vant ( ! ,mo/
 ,high1 0 ! own] ( m slaves ?an any     
cotton-plant] 9 ,s\? ,c>ol9a or         
,mississippi4 ,t magnific5t %r9e1 !     
gorge\s temple ( ,solomon1 comm5c$ &    
complet$ "u ! pi\s prompt+s ( religion &
 anci5t ,free-,masonry1 0 re>$ alone by 
! h&s ( slaves6 ,egypt's v5]able &      
endur+ pyramids 7 re>$ by ! h&s (       
slaves6 ,involunt>y s]vitude1 r$uc$ to a
 sci5ce1 exi/$ 9 anci5t ,assyria &      
,babylon4 ,! t5 tribes ( ,israel 7 c>ri$

 (f to ,assyria by ,%almanez]1 & ! two  
/rong tribes ( ,judah 7 subsequ5tly     
c>ri$ 9 triumph by ,nebu*adnezz> to end 
_! days 9 ,babylon z slaves1 & to labor 
to adorn ! city4 ,anci5t ,pho5icia &    
,c>?age 7 lit]ally ov]run ) slav]y1     
because ! slave population outnumb]$ !  
free & ! own]s ( slaves6 ,! ,greeks &   
,trojans1 at ! siege ( ,troy1 7 att5d$ )
 l>ge numb]s ( _! slaves4 ,a!ns1 &      
,sp>ta1 & ,!bes--inde$1 ! :ole ,grecian 
& ,roman worlds--_h m slaves ?an freem54
 ,& 9 ^? ages :i* succe$$ ! ext9ction ( 
! ,roman empire 9 ! ,we/1 slaves 7 ! mo/
 num]\s class4 ,ev5 9 ! days (          
civilization & ,*ri/ian light :i*       
revolutioniz$ gov]nm5ts1 labor+ s]fs &  
abject slaves 7 di/ribut$ ?r\gh\t ,ea/]n
 ,europe1 & a portion ( ,we/]n          
,asia--conclusively %[+ t slav]y exi/$  
ov] ^! b\ndless regions4 ,9 ,*9a1 ! wor/
 =ms ( slav]y h exi/$ s9ce its e>lie/   
hi/ory4 ,& :5 we turn to ,africa1 we f9d
 slav]y1 9 all its mo/ horrid =ms1 exi/+
 ?r\gh\t its :ole ext5t1 ! slaves       

outnumb]+ ! freem5 at lea/ ?ree to "o4  
,look+1 !n1 to ! :ole _w1 we may )      
confid5ce ass]t1 t slav]y 9 its wor/ =ms
 subdues by f> ! l>ge/ portion ( ! human
 race6  ,n[1 ! inquiry is1 h[ has slav]y
 ris5 & ?us spread ov] our :ole e>?8 ,we
 answ]1 by ! laws ( w>1 ! /ate (        
prop]ty1 ! feebl5ess ( gov]nm5ts1 ! ?ir/
 = b>ga9 & sale1 ! increase ( crime1 &  
la/1 b n lea/1 by & ) ! cons5t &        
approbation ( ,deity6  ,^! rem>ks may   
suffice by way ( an introduction1 & !y w
 s]ve to indicate ! c\rse we int5d to   
pursue1 if ! ann\ncem5t ( ! text has n  
already done t4 ,let z _m s]vants z are 
"u ! yoke c\nt _! own ma/]s wor?y ( all 
honor1 c4 ,! ^w "h r5d]$ s]vants means  
,,slaves1 conv]t$ to ! ,*ri/ian fai?2 & 
! ^w r5d]$ yoke signifies ! /ate (      
slav]y 9 :i* ,*ri/ & ! apo/les f\nd ! _w
 involv$ :5 ! ,*ri/ian ,*ur* 0 fir/     
organiz$4 ,by ! ^w r5d]$ ma/]s we are to
 und]/& ! hea!n ma/]s ( ^? ,*ri/ianiz$  
slaves4 ,ev5 ^!1 9 su* circum/ances1 &  
"u su* dom9ation1 are comm&$ to treat _!

 ma/]s ) all honor & respect1 t ! "n (  
,god1 by :i* !y 7 call$1 & ! doctr9e (  
,god1 to wit1 ,*ri/ianity1 :i* !y _h    
pr(ess$1 might n be blasphem$1 might n  
be evil spok5 ( 9 consequ5ce ( _!       
improp] conduct4 ,civil rights are nev] 
aboli%$ by any communication f ,god's   
,_s2 & ^? fi]y bigots at ! ,nor? :o     
propose to aboli% ! in/itution ( slav]y 
9 ?is c\ntry are n foll[+ ! dictates (  
,god's ,_s or law4 ,! civil /ate 9 :i* a
 man 0 be=e 8 conv]sion1 is n alt]$ by t
 conv]sion2 nor does ! grace ( ,god     
absolve him f any claims :i* ! ,/ate1 8 
neighbor1 or lawful own] may h _h on    
him4 ,all ^! outw>d ?+s cont9ue unalt]$3
 h5ce1 if a man be "u ! s5t5ce ( dea? = 
murd]1 & ,god see fit to conv]t him1 he 
is n releas$ f suff]+ ! extreme p5alty (
 ! law6  ,! ,*ur* ( ,*ri/1 :5 orig9ally 
con/itut$1 claim$ no "r1 z an           
ecclesia/ical organization1 to int]f]e 9
 any way ) ! civil gov]nm5t4 ,?is 0 !   
pr9ciple ^u :i* ! ,*ur* 0 f\nd$1 z      
ann\nc$ by its immortal ,head4 ,:5 ,*ri/

 0 doom$ by a cruel ,roman law to its   
mo/ ignom9i\s condemnation1 he did n s  
mu* z resi/ x1 because x 0 law1 nor did 
he compla9 ( x z oppressive4       ,!n  
,pilate ent]$ into ! judgm5t-hall aga91 
& call$      ,jesus1 & said unto him1   
,art ?\ ! ,k+ ( ! ,jews8444      ,jesus 
answ]$1 ,my k+dom is n ( ?is _w3 if my  
k+dom      7 ( ?is _w1 !n w\ld my       
s]vants fight1 t ,i %\ld      n be      
deliv]$ to ! ,jews2 b n[ is my k+dom n f
      h5ce4444 ,to ?is end 0 ,i born1 & 
= ?is cause came ,i      into ! _w1 t ,i
 %\ld be> witness unto !                
tru?4--,john xviii4 #cc-cg4  ,:5 ,*ri/  
came into ! _w on ! bus9ess ( 8 mission1
 he f\nd ! ,jewi% p subject to ! dom9ion
 ( ! ,roman k+dom2 & 9 no in/ance did he
 c\nsel ! ,jews to rebellion1 or incite 
!m to ?r[ (f ! ,roman yoke1 z d !       
vagabond philan?ropi/s ( ! ,nor? 9      
ref]5ce to ! exi/+ laws ( ! ,unit$      
,/ates ^u ! subject ( slav]y4 ,*ri/ 01  
by l9eal desc5t1 ,,! ,,k+ ,,( ,,!       
,,jews1 b he did n ass]t 8 temporal p[]1

 b actually refus$ to be cr[n$ 9 t "r4  
,"u ! ,roman law1 human lib]ty 0 held by
 no m c]ta9 t5ure ?an ! :im ( ! sov]eign
 p[]1 protect$ by no def9ite            
con/itution4 ,slav]y con/itut$ ! mo/    
p[]ful & ess5tial elem5t ( ! gov]nm5t1 &
 t slav]y 0 ( ! mo/ cruel "*1 & gave to 
! ma/] absolute discretion ov] ! lives (
 ! slaves4 ,not)/&+ all ?is1 ,*ri/ did n
 make w> ^u ! exi/+ gov]nm5t1 nor d5\nce
 ! rul]s = conf]r+ su* p[]s1 al?\gh he  
look$ ^u cruel legislation 9 ! light 9  
:i* ! "* ( 8 mission requir$4 ,& al?\gh 
! ,*ur* itself 0 n :at x %\ld h be51 9  
no in/ance did ,*ri/ ev] d5\nce t4 ,!   
only d5unciations ! ,savi\r ev] utt]$1 7
 ^? aga9/ ! doctors & lawy]s1 m9i/]s &  
exp\nd]s ( ! ,jewi% code ( ecclesia/ical
 law4  ,b all[ u to pres5t ! case ( !   
,apo/le ,paul1 z pro( m palpable &      
ov]:elm+1 on ?is v po9t4 ,he _h be5     
falsely accus$1 cruelly imprison$1 &    
tyrannically arraign$2 & t1 too1 be=e a 
lic5ti\s gov]nor1 an unju/ & dissipat$  
rul]1 & an unpr9cipl$ infidel4 ,! ,roman

 law 9 =ce at ! "t arre/$ ! fre$om (    
spee*1 d5i$ ! rights ( consci5ce1 & ev5 
=bade ! free expression ( op9ion 9 all  
matt]s conflict+ ) ! provisions ( ! laws
 ( ! ,roman gov]nm5t4 ,9 8 def5ce be=e  
,felix1 ,paul nev] s mu* z speaks (     
,roman law1 ?\gh well acqua9t$ ) x1 b he
 reason$ ( righte\sness1 & temp]ance1 & 
! judgm5t to come4 ,"h 0 a suitable     
occasion to condemn ! regulations & to  
"q ! au?ority ( ! villa9\s /atutes (    
,rome2 b in/ead ( ?is1 ,paul plead 8    
rights "u ! unju/ regulations ( ! law4  
,he *>g$ ,felix ) (ficial del9qu5cy1 )  
p]sonal crime1 &1 z a man1 he held him  
up to public scorn1 & ?reat5$ him ) !   
v5geance ( ,god6 ,he appeal$ to ! law1 &
 ju/ifi$ himself by ! law4 ,he claim$ ! 
rights ( a ,roman citiz5--dem&$ !       
protection due to a ,roman citiz5--& he 
scorn$ to f9d fault ) ! law1 cruel &    
unju/ z he knew x to be4 ,& ! consequ5ce
 01 t ! lic5ti\s infidel :o rul$1       
trembl$4  ,! views we h "h pres5t$ are n
 at all new1 b h be5 uni=mly act$ ^u by 

evangelical ,*ri/ians1 9 all ages ( !   
_w4 ,s9ce ! days ( ,/4 ,paul & ,simon   
,pet]1 no re=m] has appe>$ :o 0 m viol5t
 ?an t good & great man1 ,,m>t9 ,,lu!r4 
,,john ,,calv9 possess$ a revolution>y  
_s--he f\ght e ?+ he believ$ to be      
wrong--he 0 unyield+ 9 8 disposition1 & 
unmitigat$ 9 8 sev]ity4 ,yet nei!r ( ^! 
great m5 ev] made w> ^u ! exi/+ laws (  
_! respective c\ntries4 ,,john ,,wesley 
0 ! great re=m] ( ! pa/ c5tury--he re=m$
 ! :ole ecclesia/ical ma*9]y ( ! mod]n  
,*ur* ( ,*ri/2 & 8 doctr9es1 & mann] (  
conduct+ revivals1 are lead+ elem5ts (  
,am]ican ,*ri/ianity4 ,b ,mr4 ,wesley   
nev] made w> ^u ! ,engli% gov]nm5t1 "u  
:i* he liv$ & di$4 ,on ! o!r h&1 x is a 
matt] ( s]i\s compla9t among sect>ians n
 fri5dly to ! spread ( ,me?odism1 t     
,wesley wrote elaborately aga9/ ! w> ( !
 ,revolution4 ,he 0 devot$ to law &     
ord]1 & he deem$ x a religi\s duty to   
oppose all resi/ance to exi/+ laws4 ,9 8
 tr\bles at ,savannah1 ,georgia1 l ,paul
 be=e ! lic5ti\s gov]nor1 he appeal$ to 

! law1 & s\ght by e means 9 8 p[] to be 
tri$ "u ! law1 ask+ only ! privilege (  
be+ he>d 9 8 own def5ce6 ,& x 01 9 all !
 in/ances we h m5tion$1 t ! "n ( ,god & 
8 doctr9e be n blasphem$1 to quote !    
expressive language ( ! text1 t exi/+   
laws h be5 adh]$ to by ! propagators (  
gospel tru?4  ,! ess5tial pr9ciples ( ! 
great moral law deliv]$ to ,moses by    
,god himself1 are set =? 9 :at is call$ 
! t5? comm&m5t1 9 ! #bj? *apt] (        
,exodus3 ,?\ %alt n covet ?y neighbor's 
h\se1 ?\ %alt n covet ?y neighbor's     
wife1 nor 8 man-s]vant1 nor 8 maid      
s]vant1 nor 8 ox1 nor 8 ass1 nor any ?+ 
t is ?y neighbor's4 ,n[1 ! only true    
int]pretation ( ?is portion ( ! ,^w (   
,god is1 t ! species ( prop]ty m5tion$  
are lawful1 & t all m5 are =bid to      
di/urb o!rs 9 ! lawful enjoym5t ( _!    
prop]ty4 ,man-s]vants & maid-s]vants are
 di/9ctly consecrat$ z prop]ty1 &       
gu>ante$ to man = 8 exclusive           
b5efit--pro( irresi/ible t slav]y 0 ?us 
orda9$ by ,god himself4 ,we h se5 le>n$ 

diss]tations f ! p5s ( ,abolitioni/s1   
say+1 t ! t]m s]vant1 & n slave1 is us$ 
"h4 ,to ?is we reply1 t bo? ! ,hebrew & 
,greek words translat$ s]vant1 mean also
 slave1 & are m frequ5tly us$ 9 ?is s5se
 ?an 9 ! =m]4 ,besides1 ! ,hebrew       
,scriptures tea* u1 t ,god especially   
au?oriz$ 8 peculi> p to pur*ase ,,bondm5
 ,,= ,,ev]2 & if to be 9 bondage = ev]  
does n con/itute slav]y1 we yield !     
po9t4  ,! vision>y notions ( piety &    
philan?ropy ent]ta9$ by _m m5 at !      
,nor?1 lead !m to resi/ ! ,fugitive     
,slave ,law ( ?is gov]nm5t1 & ev5 to    
violate ! t5? comm&m5t1 by /eal+ our    
m5-s]vants & maid-s]vants1 & runn+ !m   
into :at !y call free t]ritory4 ,nay1 ! 
villa9\s piety ( "s leads !m to         
contribute ,%>pe's ,rifles & ,holy      
,bibles1 to s5d ! uncircumcis$          
,phili/9es ( ,new ,engl& into ,kansas & 
,nebraska1 to %oot d[n ! ,*ri/ian own]s 
( slaves1 & !n to p]=m religi\s         
c]emonies ov] _! dead bodies6 ,cl]gym5  
lay aside _! ,bibles at ! ,nor?1 &      

females1 z 9 ! case ( t model beauty1   
,h>riet ,bee*] ,/[e1 unsex !mselves to  
c>ry on ?is horrid & sl&]\s w>f>e aga9/ 
slavehold]s ( ! ,s\?6 ,& ,engli%        
travell]s1 /eep$ to ! nose & *9 9       
prejudices aga9/ ?is gov]nm5t & our     
in/itutions1 h writt5 books ^u !        
subject4 ,! ,halls1 ,hamiltons1         
,trollopes1 & ,miss ,m>t9eaus1 et ed    
omne g5us1 all h misrepres5t$ u6 ,^!    
,engli% writ]s all d5\nce slav]y1 &     
eulogize ,democracy2 z if an ,engli%man 
c\ld be a ,democrat1 9 ! mod]n1 vulg>   
s5se ( ! t]m1 & be a consi/5t man6  ,b  
we d n propose1 9 ?is brief disc\rse1 to
 ent] into any def5ce ( ! ,african slave
 trade4 ,al?\gh ! evils ( x are greatly 
exagg]at$1 its evils & cruelties1 its   
b>b>ities1 are n ju/ifi$ by ! mo/ ultra 
slavehold]s ( ?is age4 ,! vile traffic 0
 aboli%$ by ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 ev5 be=e ! 
,briti% ,p>liam5t prohibit$ x4 ,all !   
p[]s 9 ! _w h subsequ5tly prohibit$ ?is 
trade--"s ( ! m influ5tial & p[]ful ( !m
 decl>+ x piracy1 & cov]+ ! ,african    

seas ) arm$ vessels to prev5t x6  ,?is  
trade1 :i* seems s %ock+ to ! feel+s (  
mank9d1 dates its orig9 z f> back z !   
ye> #addb4 ,antony ,gonzales1 a         
,portuguese m>9]1 :ile explor+ ! coa/ ( 
,africa1 0 ! fir/ to /eal "s ,moors1 & 0
 subsequ5tly =c$ by ,pr9ce ,h5ry (      
,portugal to c>ry !m back to ,africa4 ,9
 ! ye> #aejb1 ! ,spani>ds began to /eal 
negroes1 & employ !m 9 ! m9es (         
,hispaniola1 ,cuba1 & ,jamaica4 ,9      
#aeag1 ! ,emp]or ,*>les ,v4 grant$ a    
pat5t to c]ta9 privileg$ p]sons1 to /eal
 exclusively a supply ( #d1jjj negroes  
annually1 = ^! isl&s6  ,african slaves 7
 fir/ import$ into ,am]ica 9 #afbj1 a   
c5tury aft] _! introduction into ! ,we/ 
,indies4 ,! fir/ c>go1 ( tw5ty          
,africans1 by a ,dut* vessel1 0 br\ght  
up ! ,james ,riv]1 into ,virg9ia1 & sold
 out z slaves4 ,engl& !n be+ ! mo/      
comm]cial ( ,european nations1 engross$ 
! trade2 & f #afhj to #aghj1 !re 7      
import$ into ! ,briti% ,possessions     
alone1 ,,two ,,millions ,,(             

,,slaves--mak+ an av]age annual         
importation ( m ?an #bj1jjj6 ,& ! annual
 importation into ,am]ica has transc5d$ 
#ej1jjj6 ,! ,/ates ( ?is ,union1 nor? ( 
,mason & ,dixon's ,l9e1 commonly call$ !
 ,new ,engl& ,/ates1 7 nev]1 to any     
great ext5t1 slavehold+2 _! virtu\s &   
pi\s m9ds 7 *iefly ex]cis$ 9 slave-/eal+
 & slave-sell+6 ,to ,old ,engl& our ,new
 ,engl& ,/ates owe _! k ( ! art (       
slave-/eal+2 & to ,new ,engl& ^! ,s\!rn 
,/ates are :olly indebt$ = _! slaves4   
,!y /ole ! ,african f 8 native l&1 &    
sold him into bondage = ! sake ( ga94   
,!y kept b few ( _! captives among      
!mselves1 because x 0 n pr(itable to use
 negro labor 9 ! cold & /]ile regions ( 
,new ,engl&4 ,& :5 !y enact$ laws 9 !   
,new ,engl& ,/ates aboli%+ slav]y1 !y   
br\ght _! negroes into ! ,s\? & sold !m 
be=e _! laws c\ld g into op]ation6 ,?is 
is ! true hi/ory ( slav]y 9 ,new ,engl&4
 ,!y /ole & sold prop]ty :i* x 0 n      
pr(itable to keep1 & = :i* !y n[ refuse 
all w>ranty4 ,& :at few ,am]ican %ips   

are 9 ! trade n[1 at ! p]il ( piracy1   
are ,new ,engl& %ips4  ,! pi\s &        
religi\s portion ( ,new ,engl&          
,abolitioni/s1 we take x1 are ! bett]   
portion1 & 9 ^! we h no sort (          
confid5ce4 ,take1 = example1 ! case ( t 
great man1 & p[]ful pulpit orator1      
,,/eph5 ,,ol91 :o came into ,georgia1 & 
0 introduc$ into ! m9i/ry by ,,bi%op    
,,&rew & 8 fri5ds1 & by ?is means m>ri$ 
a lady own+ a numb] ( slaves4 ,he sold  
!m all = ! money1 pocket$ ! money1 &    
return$ to 8 cong5ial ,nor?2 & :5       
,,bi%op ,,&rew 0 arraign$ be=e ! ,g5]al 
,conf]5ce ( #ahdd1 because he _h m>ri$ a
 wid[ lady own+ a few slaves1 ?is man   
,,ol9 appe>$ on ! floor1 & spoke & vot$ 
aga9/ ! ,bi%op6 ,dr4 ,ol9 _h wa%$ 8 h&s 
( ! s9 ( slav]y--_h 8 money out at      
int]e/--& he 0 ready to plead = ! rights
 ( ! poor ,african6 ,may we n exclaim1  
,"l1 :at is man8  ,we are acqua9t$ ) _m 
( ! lead+ ,abolitioni/s ( ! ,nor?       
connect$ ) ! ,me?odi/ ,*ur*2 & al?\gh we
 suppose !y are ab\t z good z !         

,abolitioni/s ( o!r d5om9ations we h no 
confid5ce 9 !m4 ,! mo/ ( !m w\ld ent] _!
 f9e *ur*es on ! ,sabba?1 prea* = h\rs  
aga9/ ! s9 ( slav]y1 %$ _! te>s ov] !   
oppressions ( ! s]vile prog5y ( ,ham1 9 
^! ,s\!rn ,/ates2 & on ! next day1 9 a  
purely bus9ess transaction1 beh9d a     
c\nt]1 or 9 ! settlem5t ( an acc\nt1    
*eat a ,s\!rn slave out ( ! pewt] t     
ornam5ts ! head ( 8 cane6  ,!re is mu* 9
 ! political pap]s ( ! c\ntry calculat$1
 if n int5d$1 to fan a flame ( int5se   
w>f>e ^u ! subject ( slav]y1 :i* c      
result 9 no possible good to any "o4 ,^?
 politicians :o are excit+ ! :ole       
c\ntry1 & fann+ society into a livid    
consum+ flame1 p>ticul>ly at ! ,nor?1 h 
no sympa?ies = ! black man1 & c>e no?+ =
 8 com=t4 ,!y only seek _! own glory4   
,?is political disquiet & commotion is  
giv+ bir? to new & l(ti] s*emes (       
agitation & disunion1 among ! vile      
,abolitioni/s ( ! c\ntry1 & to bold &   
haz>d\s ent]prises 9 ! ,/ates &         
,t]ritories4 ,& _m ( our ,s\!rn alt>s   

smoke ) ! vile inc5se ( ,abolitionism4  
,we h scores ( ,abolitioni/s 9 ! ,s\?1 9
 disguise--design+ m5--"s fill+ our     
pulpits--"s occupy+ high positions 9 our
 colleges--"s edit+ political & religi\s
 pap]s--"s sell+ goods--& "s foll[+ "o  
call+ & "s ano!r1 :o1 ?\gh among u1 are 
n ( u1 ,s\!rn m5 may re/ assur$6  ,we   
endorse1 )\t res]ve1 t mu*-abus$ s5tim5t
 ( a di/+ui%$ ,s\? ,c>ol9a /atesm51 n[  
no m1 t slav]y is ! corn]-/one ( our    
republican edifice2 :ile we repudiate1 z
 ridicul\sly absurd1 t mu*-laud$1 b     
n[h]e-accr$it$ dogma ( ,,mr4 ,,jeff]son1
 t all m5 are born equal4 ,god nev]     
int5d$ to make ! but*] a judge1 nor !   
bak] a presid5t1 b to protect !m accord+
 to _! claims z but*] & bak]4 ,pope has 
beautifully express$ ?is s5tim5t1 :]e he
 has said3      ,ord] is heav5's fir/   
law1 & ?is confess$1     ,"s are1 & mu/ 
be1 great] ?an ! re/4  ,we h gone among 
! free negroes at ! ,nor?--we h visit$  
_! mis]able dwell+s 9 ,philadelphia1    
,new ,york1 ,bo/on1 & o!r po9ts2 &1 9 e 

in/ance1 we h f\nd !m m mis]able &      
de/itute1 z a :ole1 ?an ! slave         
population ( ! ,s\?4 ,9 our ,s\!rn      
,/ates1 :]e negroes h be5 set at lib]ty1
 9 n9e cases out ( t5 _! conditions h   
be5 made worse2 :ile ! mo/ wret*$1      
indol5t1 immoral1 & di%one/ class (     
p]sons to be f\nd 9 ! ,s\!rn ,/ates1 are
 free p]sons ( color4  ,! fre$om (      
negroes 9 ev5 ! ,nor!rn ,/ates1 is1 9   
all respects1 only an empty "n4 ,!      
citiz5 negro does n vote1 & takes good  
c>e n to d s4 ,! law does n int]dict him
 ?is privilege1 b if he attempt to avail
 himself ( ! privilege1 he is           
appreh5sive ( apo/olic bl[s & kicks1 :i*
 ! pi\s ,abolitioni/s w adm9i/] to him4 
,all ! social advantages1 all !         
respectable employm5ts1 all ! honors1 & 
ev5 ! pleasures ( life1 are d5i$ ! free 
negroes ( ! ,nor?1 by citiz5s full (    
sympa?y = ! d[n-trodd5 ,african6 ,!     
negro _c get into an omnibus1 _c ent] a 
b>-room frequ5t$ by :ites1 nor a *ur*1  
nor a !atre2 nor c he ent] ! cab9 ( a   

/eamboat1 9 "o ( ! ,nor!rn riv]s or     
lakes1 or ent] a fir/ class pass5g] c>  
on "o ( _! railroads4 ,!y are n suff]$  
to ent] a /age-coa* ) :ites1 b are =c$  
^u ! deck1 :e!r x %all ra9 or %9e--:e!r 
x be hot or cold4 ,indu/ry is clos$ to  
!m1 & !y are =c$ to live z s]vants 9    
hotels1 or adopt ! pr(essions ( b>b]1 or
 boot-black1 or op5 oy/]s 9 saloons1 or 
sell villa9\s liquors to ! l[] classes (
 ,g]man & ,iri% emigrants1 :o ?rong our 
l>ge cities & t[ns4 ,! negroes ev5 h _! 
own /reets1 & _! own l[-d[n k5nels2 !y h
 _! hospitals1 _! *ur*es1 _! c>s1 ^u :i*
 are writt5 9 l>ge lett]s1 ,,= ,,color$ 
,,p6 ,f9ally1 !y are =c$ to h _! own    
grave-y>ds--! yell[ rema9s ( ,nor!rn    
,abolitioni/s1 & pi\s :ite m51 refus+ to
 m+le ) ! blee*+ bones ( ! dead negro6  
,:ile1 9 ! ,s\?1 !y cr[d ! gall]ies &   
back seats 9 our *ur*es1 travel 9 our   
pass5g] c>s1 & ev5 loan _! money to our 
:ite m5 at int]e/6 ,su* is an outl9e ( !
 contra/ betwe5 free negroes at ! ,nor?1
 & slaves at ! ,s\?4  ,let u turn aga9  

to ! ,holy ,scriptures1 & see :e!r or n 
!y su/a9 or condemn ! in/itution (      
slav]y4 ,! oppos]s ( slav]y pr(ess to be
 gov]n$ alone by ! tea*+s ( ! ,bible1 9 
_! w> ^u ?is in/itution4 ,x is va9 to   
look to ,*ri/ or any ( 8 apo/les to     
ju/ify ! blasphem\s p]v]sions ( ! ^w (  
,god1 cont9ually p>ad$ be=e ! _w by ^!  
graceless agitators4 ,al?\gh slav]y 9   
its mo/ revolt+ =ms 0 ev]y:]e visible   
ar\nd !m1 no vision>y notions ( piety or
 s*emes ( philan?ropy ev] tempt$ ei!r   
,*ri/ or "o ( 8 apo/les to ga9say !     
,,law1 ev5 to mitigate ! cruel sev]ity (
 ! slav]y sy/em !n exi/+4 ,on ! contr>y1
 f9d+ slav]y e/abli%$ by law1 z well z  
an inevitable & necess>y consequ5ce1    
gr[+ out ( ! condition ( human society1 
_! ef=ts 7 to su/a9 ! in/itution4 ,h5ce1
 ,/4 ,paul actually appreh5d$ a fugitive
 slave1 & s5t him back to 8 lawful own] 
& e>?ly ma/]6  ,hav+ already appeal$ to 
! au?ority ( ! ,old ,te/am5t            
,scriptures1 we turn to t ( ! ,new1 :]e 
we le>n t slav]y exi/$ 9 ! e>lie/ days (

 ! ,*ri/ian ,*ur*1 & t bo? ma/]s &      
slaves 7 memb]s ( ! same ,*ri/ian       
congregations4 ,slav]y 0 an in/itution (
 ! ,/ate 9 ! ,roman ,empire1 z x is 9 ! 
,s\!rn ,/ates ( ?is conf$]acy1 & !      
apo/les did n feel at lib]ty to d5\nce  
x1 if1 inde$1 !y felt ! lea/ opposition 
to x--a ?+ we d5y4  ,b1 be=e we appeal  
to ! irresi/ible au?ority ( ! ,new      
,te/am5t1 we w submit a few only ( a    
great _m passages f ! ,old ,te/am5t--n  
hav+ quot$ z ext5sively z may h be5     
deem$ necess>y3       ,& he said1 ,i am 
,abraham's s]vant4--,,g54 xxiv4 #cd4    
,& !re 0 ( ! h\se ( ,saul a s]vant1 ^:  
"n 0      ,ziba2 & :5 !y _h call$ him   
unto ,david1 ! k+ said      unto him1   
,art ?\ ,ziba8 ,& he said1 ,?y s]vant is
 he4--#b      ,,sam4 ix4 #b4       ,!n !
 k+ call$ to ,ziba1 ,saul's s]vant1 &   
said unto      him1 ,i h giv5 unto ?y   
ma/]'s son all t p]ta9$ to      ,saul1 &
 to all 8 h\se4--,v]se #i?4       ,?\1  
!re=e1 & ?y sons1 & ?y s]vants1 %all    
till      ! l& = him1 & ?\ %alt br+ 9 ! 

fruits1 t      ?y ma/]'s son may h food 
to eat1 c4 ,n[ ,ziba _h      fifte5 sons
 & ,,tw5ty ,,s]vants4--,v]se #aj?4      
,i got me s]vants & maid5s1 & _h s]vants
 born 9 my      h\se2 also1 ,i _h great 
possessions ( great & small      cattle1
 above all t 7 9 ,j]usalem be=e         
me4--,,eccles4      ii4 #g4       ,& he 
said1 ,hag>1 ,s>ai's maid1 :5ce came/   
?\8 ,& %e      said1 ,i flee f ! face ( 
my mi/ress ,s>ai4--,,g54 xvi4      #h4  
,& ! ,angel ( ! ,"l said unto h]1       
,return to ?y      mi/ress1 & submit    
?yself to h] h&s4--,v]se #i?4  ,! only  
comm5ts we h to (f] ^u ^! passages are1 
fir/1 "o individual ackn[l$ges himself !
 own] ( tw5ty slaves6 ,ano!r 0 rais+    
slaves1 & hav+ !m born 9 8 h\se66 ,&    
la/1 b n lea/1 ! angel ( ,god ord]$ !   
fugitive slave to return to h] lawful   
own]66 ,high au?ority1 ?is1 = appreh5d+ 
runaway slaves6  ,9 ref]5ce to bad      
s]vants1 we read 9 ,prov4 xxix4 #ai3    
,a s]vant w n be correct$ by words2 =   
?\gh he      und]/&1 he w n answ]4  ,!  

,scriptures look to ! correction (      
s]vants1 & really enjo9 x1 z !y d 9 !   
case ( *ildr54 ,we e/eem x ! duty (     
,*ri/ian ma/]s to fe$ & clo! well1 & 9  
cases ( disob$i5ce to :ip well4  ,9 !   
book ( ,joel1 iii4 #h1 ! slave trade is 
recogniz$ z ( ,div9e au?ority3       ,& 
,i w sell y\r sons & y\r daught]s into !
 l& (      ! *ildr5 ( ,judah1 & !y %all 
sell !m to ! ,sabeans1      to a p f>   
(f2 ,,= ,,! ,,"l ,,ha? ,,spok5 ,,x6     
,let e man abide 9 ! same call+ :]e9 he 
0 call$4      ,art ?\ call$1 be+ a      
s]vant8 ,c>e n = x2 b if      ?\ maye/  
be made free1 use x r4 ,= he t is call$ 
9 ! ,"l1 be+ a s]vant1 is ! ,"l's       
freeman2 likewise      also he t is     
call$1 be+ free1 is ,*ri/'s s]vant4--#a 
,cor4 vii4 #bj-bb4       ,s]vants1 be   
ob$i5t to !m t are y\r ma/]s            
accord+ to ! fle%1 ) fe> & trembl+1 9   
s+l5ess      ( y\r he>t1 z unto ,*ri/4  
,n ) eye-s]vice1 z      m5-pleas]s2 b z 
! s]vants ( ,*ri/1 do+ ! w (      ,god f
 ! he>t4 ,) good-w do+ s]vice1 z to !   

,"l1 & n to m53 kn[+ t :atsoev] good ?+ 
any      man doe?1 ! same %all he       
receive ( ! ,"l1 :e!r he be      bond or
 free4 ,&1 ye ma/]s1 d ! same ?+s unto  
!m1      =be>+ ?reat5+3 kn[+ t y\r ,ma/]
 also is 9      heav53 nei!r is !re     
respect ( p]sons ) him4--,eph4      vi4 
#e-i4       ,s]vants1 obey 9 all ?+s y\r
 ma/]s accord+ to !      fle%3 n )      
eye-s]vice1 z m5-pleas]s2 b 9           
s+l5ess ( he>t1 fe>+ ,god4 ,& :atsoev]  
ye d1 d x      he>tily1 z to ! ,"l1 & n 
unto m53 kn[+ t ( !      ,"l ye %all    
receive ! rew>d ( ! inh]itance2 = ye    
s]ve ! ,"l ,*ri/4--,col4 iii4 #bb-be4   
,ma/]s1 give unto y\r s]vants t :i* is j
 &      equal3 kn[+ t ye also h a ,ma/] 
9 heav54--,col4 iv4      #a4       ,let 
z _m s]vants z are "u ! yoke c\nt _! own
      ma/]s wor?y ( all honor1 t ! "n ( 
,god & 8      doctr9e be n blasphem$4 ,&
 !y t h believ+      ma/]s1 let !m n    
despise !m1 because !y are bre?r52      
b r d !m s]vice1 because !y are fai?ful 
&      belov$1 p>tak]s ( ! b5efit4 ,^!  

?+s tea* &      exhort4--#a ,tim4 vi4   
#a1 #b4       ,exhort s]vants to be     
ob$i5t unto _! own ma/]s1 &      to     
please !m well 9 all ?+s2 n answ]+ aga92
 n      purlo9+1 b %[+ all good         
fidelity2 t !y may adorn      ! doctr9e 
( ,god our ,savi\r 9 all ?+s4--,titus   
ii4 #i1      #aj4       ,s]vants1 be    
subject to y\r ma/]s ) all fe>2 n       
only to ! good & g5tle1 b also to !     
fr[>d4 ,= ?is      is ?ankwor?y1 if a   
man = consci5ce t[>d ,god endure        
grief1 suff]+ wrongfully4--#a ,pet] ii4 
#ah1 #ai4  ,we h b a s+le ^w ( comm5t to
 (f] ^u ^! passages ( ,scripture4 ,!    
orig9al words us$ by ! ,greek writ]s1   
bo? sacr$ & pr(ane1 to express slave2 ! 
mo/ abject condition ( slav]y2 to       
express ! absolute own] ( a slave1 & !  
absolute control ( a slave1 are !       
/ronge/ t ! language af=ds1 & are us$ 9 
! passages "h quot$4 ,if ! apo/les      
und]/ood ! common use ( words1 & desir$ 
to convey ^! ideas1 & to recognize !    
relations ( ma/] & s]vant1 !y w\ld1     

naturally en\gh1 employ ! v words us$4  
,to say t !y did n "k ! prim>y mean+ &  
usus loqu5di ( ! orig9al words1 is pay+ 
!m a complim5t we wi% n to p>ticipate 96
 ,& to %[ t we are n s+ul> 9 our views (
 ! mean+ express$ 9 ! passages quot$1   
%[+ t !y express 9 ! "o case slaves1 & 9
 ! o!r ma/]s or own]s1 actually hold+ !m
 z prop]ty1 "u ! sanction ( ! laws ( !  
,/ate1 we quote f ! foll[+ au?orities3  
,t great comm5tator1 ,dr4 ,,adam        
,,cl>ke1 on #a ,cor4 vii4 #ba1 says3    
,art ?\ conv]t$ to ,*ri/ :ile ?\ art a  
slave--!      prop]ty ( ano!r p]son1 &  
b\ght ) 8 money8 ,c>e      n = x4  ,!   
le>n$ ,dr4 ,ne&]1 9 8 "w entitl$ ,plant+
 & ,tra9+ ( ! ,*ur*1 9 ref]r+ to        
,onesimus1 m5tion$ 9 ! epi/le to        
,philemon1 says ( him3       ,x does n  
appe> to be surpris+ t a runaway slave  
%\ld betake himself at once to ,rome4   
,to ! =ego+ might be add$ o!r au?orities
 ( equal weight & importance4  ,x is a  
well-kn[n hi/orical fact1 t slavehold]s 
7 admitt$ into ! ,,apo/olic ,,*ur*es2   

nor w\ld ?is assum$ position ( !        
advocates ( slav]y be at all d5i$ by any
 intellig5t & well-read m5 at ! ,nor?1 b
 = ! fact t !y ?9k su* an admission w\ld
 decide ! "q aga9/ abolitioni/s4 ,we h  
giv5 mu* att5tion to ?is subject )9 t5  
ye>s pa/1 & we feel no sort ( delicacy 9
 express+ our views & convictions1 z    
revolt+ z !y may be to ,nor!rn m5 &     
,free-soil]s1 ev5 among u4 ,we believe t
 ! primitive ,*ri/ians held slaves 9    
bondage1 & t ! apo/les favor$ slav]y1 by
 admitt+ slavehold]s into ! ,*ur*1 & by 
promot+ !m to (ficial /ations 9 ! ,*ur*4
 ,& :y d we believe all ?is8 ,because we
 are su/a9$ 9 ^! positions by un9t]rupt$
 hi/orical te/imony6  ,well1 = !        
in=mation ( abolitioni/s & o!r          
anti-slav]y m5 disp]s$ ?r\gh\t ! ,s\?1  
we assume t ! fact ( ! apo/les admitt+  
into ,*ur* fell[%ip slavehold]s1 &      
promot+ !m to positions ( honor & tru/1 
%[s t ! simple relation ( ma/] & slave 0
 no b> to ,*ur*-memb]%ip4 ,ma/]s &      
slaves1 9 ! days ( ! apo/les1 7 admitt$ 

into ! ,*ur* z bre?r53 !y p>took 9      
common ( ! b5efits ( ! ,*ur*3 !y held to
 ! same religi\s pr9ciples3 !y squ>$ _! 
lives by ! same rule ( conduct3         
ackn[l$g$ ! same obligations "o to      
ano!r2 & wor%ipp$ at ! same alt>4 ,?is 0
 true ( ! fir/ & succe$+ c5turies1 :5 ! 
relations ( ma/] & slave1 & ! practice (
 ! ,*ur* 9 ref]5ce !reto1 7 v mu* l !y  
are 9 ! ,s\!rn ,/ates ( our ,union at   
pres5t4 ,b to ! pro( t slavehold]s 7    
admitt$ into ! apo/olic ,*ur*es3  #a4   
,hi/orians all agree t slav]y exi/$1 & 0
 g5]al ?r\gh\t ! ,roman empire1 at ! "t 
! apo/olic ,*ur*es 7 in/itut$4 ,we h at 
our comm& ! au?orities to prove ?is1 b  
to quote f !m w\ld swell ?is disc\rse   
beyond :at we h int5d$4 ,we w cite !    
au?orities only2 & anti-slav]y m5 :o d5y
 our position c exam9e our au?orities4  
,see ,gibbon's ,decl9e & ,fall ( !      
,roman ,empire1 vol4 i4 ,see ,inquiry   
into ,roman ,slav]y1 by ,wm4 ,blair1    
,ed9burgh edition ( #ahcc4 ,see vol4 iv4
 ( ,l>dn]'s ,works1 page #bac4 ,see vol4

 i4 ( ,dr4 ,rob]tson's ,works1 ,london  
edition4 ,o!r au?orities might be giv51 
b ^! are suffici5t1 z !y %[ t slav]y 0 a
 civil in/itution ( ! ,/ate2 t ! ,roman 
laws reg>d$ slaves z prop]ty1 at !      
disposal ( _! ma/]s2 t ^! slaves1 :e!r  
:ite or color$1 _h no civil exi/5ce or  
rights1 & cont5d$ = none2 & t !re 7 ?ree
 slaves to "o citiz5--%[+ some?+ ( a    
simil>ity betwe5 ! ,roman empire & our  
,s\!rn ,/ates6 ,gibbon says t slav]y    
exi/$ 9 e prov9ce & e family1 & t !y 7  
b\ght & sold accord+ to _! capacities = 
usefulness1 & ! dem& = labor]s--sell+ at
 hundr$s ( doll>s1 & f t d[n to ! price 
( a bea/ ( burd56 ,n[1 x is notori\s t !
 gospel made consid]able progress among 
! citiz5s ( ! ,roman empire2 &1 z ne>ly 
e family own$ slaves1 x is c]ta9 t      
slavehold]s 7 conv]t$ & admitt$ into !  
,*ur*4 ,x w n d to say t ! poor1 includ+
 ! slaves1 7 alone conv]t$ to ,god1     
because ! apo/les make frequ5t allusions
 to ! receiv+ into ! ,*ur* ( intellig5t1
 le>n$1 & opul5t p]sons4 ,! le>n$ ,,dr4 

,,mo%eim1 9 8 ,*ur* ,hi/ory1 vol4 i41   
relat+ to ! fir/ ?ree c5turies1 settles 
?is "q mo/ effectually4 ,he says3       
,! apo/les1 9 _! writ+s1 prescribe rules
 = !      conduct ( ! ri* z well z !    
poor1 = ma/]s z well      z s]vants--a  
conv9c+ pro( t among ! memb]s ( !       
,*ur* plant$ by !m 7 to be f\nd p]sons (
 opul5ce      & ma/]s ( families4 ,/4   
,paul & ,/4 ,pet] admoni%$      ,*ri/ian
 wom5 n to /udy ! adorn+ ( !mselves )   
pe>ls1 ) gold & silv]1 or co/ly array4  
#a ,tim4 ii4 #i3 #a      ,pet] iii4 #c4 
,x is1 !re=e1 pla9 t !re mu/ h be5      
wom5 possess$ ( weal? adequate to !     
pur*ase ( bodily      ornam5ts ( great  
price4 ,f #a ,tim4 vi4 #bj1 & ,col4 ii4 
#h1      x is manife/ t among ! fir/    
conv]ts to ,*ri/ianity      !re 7 m5 (  
le>n+ & philosoph]s2 =1 if ! wise      &
 ! le>n$ _h unanim\sly reject$ !        
,*ri/ian      religion1 :at occasion    
c\ld !re h be5 = ?is caution8      #a   
,cor4 i4 #bf unque/ionably c>ries ) x ! 
pla9e/      intimation t p]sons ( rank  

or p[] 7 n :olly      want+ 9 t         
assembly4 ,inde$1 li/s ( ! names ( v>i\s
      illu/ri\s p]sons :o embrac$       
,*ri/ianity1 9 its weak &      infantile
 /ate1 are giv5 by ,blondel1 p4 #bce de 
,episcopis et      ,presbyt]is3 also by 
,wet/e91 9 8 ,preface to ,orig5's ,dia4 
,con4 ,m>41 p4 #ac4  ,a few reflections1
 by way ( conclud+1 & we are ?r\gh ) our
 disc\rse1 already ext5d$ beyond !      
limits we _h prescrib$3  ,fir/4--,!re is
 n a s+le passage 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t1 nor
 a s+le act 9 ! records ( ! ,*ur*1 dur+ 
h] e>ly hi/ory1 = ev5 c5turies1 conta9+ 
any direct1 pr(ess$1 or int5d$          
d5unciation ( slav]y4 ,b ! apo/les f\nd 
! in/itution exi/+1 "u ! au?ority &     
sanction ( law2 &1 9 _! labors among !  
p1 ma/]s & slaves b[$ at ! same alt>1   
commun$ at ! "s table1 & 7 tak5 into !  
,*ur* toge!r2 :ile !y exhort$ ! "o to   
treat ! o!r z became ! gospel1 & ! o!r  
to ob$i5ce & hone/y1 t _! religi\s      
pr(essions might n be evil spok5 (6     
,secondly4--,! e>ly ,*ur* n only admitt$

 ! exi/5ce ( slav]y1 b 9 v>i\s ways1 by 
h] tea*+s & discipl9e1 express$ h]      
approbation ( x1 en=c+ ! obs]vance (    
c]ta9 ,fugitive ,slave ,laws :i* _h be5 
enact$ by ! ,/ate4 ,&1 9 ! v>i\s acts ( 
! ,*ur*1 f ! times ( ! apo/les d[nw>d   
?r\gh sev]al c5turies1 %e enact$ laws & 
adopt$ regulations t\*+ ! duties ( ma/]s
 & slaves1 z su*4 ,?is1 9 our humble    
judgm5t1 am\nts to a ju/ification &     
def5ce ( ! in/itution ( slav]y4         
,?irdly4--,our inve/igations ( ?is      
subject h l$ u regul>ly1 gradually1     
c]ta9ly1 to ! conclusion t ,god int5d$ !
 relation ( ma/] & slave to exi/4 ,h5ce1
 :5 ,god op5$ ! way = ! organization ( !
 ,*ur*1 ! apo/les & fir/ tea*]s (       
,*ri/ianity f\nd slav]y incorporat$ ) e 
dep>tm5t ( society2 &1 9 ! adoption (   
rules = ! gov]nm5t ( ! memb]s ( ! ,*ur*1
 !y provid$ = ! rights ( own]s1 & !     
wants ( slaves4  ,f\r?ly4--,slav]y1 9 ! 
age ( ! apo/les1 _h s p5etrat$ society1 
& 0 s intimately int]wov5 ) x1 t a      
religion prea*+ fre$om to ! slave w\ld h

 array$ aga9/ x ! civil au?orities1 arm$
 aga9/ itself ! :ole p[] ( ! ,/ate1 &   
de/roy$ ! usefulness ( its prea*]s4 ,/4 
,paul knew ?is1 & did n assail !        
in/itution ( slav]y1 b labor$ to get bo?
 ma/]s & slaves to heav51 z all m9i/]s  
%\ld d 9 our day4  ,fif?ly4--,slav]y    
hav+ exi/$ ev] s9ce ! fir/ organization 
( ! ,*ur*1 ! ,scriptures cle>ly tea* t x
 w exi/ ev5 to ! end ( "t4 ,rev4 vi4    
#ab-ag po9ts to ,! ,day ( ,judgm5t1 ,!  
,la/ ,day1 ,! ,great ,day1 & ! condition
 ( ! human race at t "t1 z well z !     
classes ( p]sons to be judg$1 rew>d$1 & 
puni%$6 ,a portion ( ?is text reads1 ,& 
! k+s ( ! e>?1 & ! great m51 & ! ri* m51
 & ! *ief capta9s1 & ! mighty m51 & e   
,,bondman1 & e ,,freeman1 etc41 w be    
!re2 evid5tly imply+ t slav]y w exi/1 & 
t ! relations ( ma/] & slave w be       
recogniz$1 to ! end ( "t6