,,my?1 ,,ritual1 ,,& ,,religion ,volume ,"o ,by ,&rew ,lang ,,cont5ts ,,preface ,,to ,,new ,,impression4 ,,preface ,,to ,,new ,,edition4 ,,*apt] ,i4--,,sy/ems ,,( ,,my?ology4 ,def9itions ( religion--,contradictory evid5ce--,belief 9 spiritual be+s--,objection to ,mr4 ,tylor's def9ition--,def9ition z reg>ds ?is argum5t--,problem3 ! contradiction betwe5 religion & my?--,two human moods--,examples--,case ( ,greece-- ,anci5t my?ologi/s--,criticism by ,eusebius--,mod]n my?ological sy/ems--,mr4 ,max ,mull]--,mannh>dt4 ,,*apt] ,,ii4--,,new ,,sy/em ,,propos$4 ,*apt] ,i4 recapitulat$--,proposal ( a new me?od3 ,sci5ce ( comp>ative or hi/orical /udy ( man--,anticipat$ 9 "p by ,eusebius1 ,font5elle1 ,de ,brosses1 ,sp5c] 7( ,c4 ,c4 ,c41 ,cambridge71 & ,mannh>dt--,sci5ce ( ,tylor--,object ( inquiry3 to f9d condition ( human intellect 9 :i* m>vels ( my? are p>ts ( practical ev]yday belief--,?is is ! savage /ate--,savages describ$--,! wild elem5t ( my? a survival f ! savage /ate--,advantages ( ?is me?od--,p>tly acc\nts = wide ,,diffusion z well z ,,orig9 ( my?s--,connect$ ) g5]al !ory ( evolution--,puzzl+ example ( my? ( ! wat]- swall[]--,pr(essor ,tiele's criticism ( ! me?od-- ,objections to me?od1 & answ] to ^!--,see ,app5dix ,b4 ,,*apt] ,,iii4--,,! ,,m5tal ,,condition ,,( ,,savages--,,confusion ,,) ,,nature--,,totemism4 ,! m5tal condition ( savages ! basis ( ! irrational elem5t 9 my?--,*>act]i/ics ( t condition3 7#a7 ,confusion ( all ?+s 9 an equality ( presum$ animation & intellig5ce2 7#b7 ,belief 9 sorc]y2 7#c7 ,spiritualism2 7#d7 ,curiosity2 7#e7 ,easy cr$ulity & m5tal indol5ce--,! curiosity is satisfi$1 ?anks to ! cr$ulity1 by my?s 9 answ] to all inquiries--,evid5ce = ?is--,mr4 ,tylor's op9ion--,mr4 ,im ,?urn--,jesuit mission>ies' ,relations--,examples ( confusion betwe5 m51 plants1 bea/s & o!r natural objects--,reports ( travell]s--,evid5ce f in/itution ( totemism--,def9ition ( totemism--,totemism 9 ,au/ralia1 ,africa1 ,am]ica1 ! ,oceanic ,isl&s1 ,india1 ,nor? ,asia-- ,conclusions3 ,totemism be+ f\nd s widely di/ribut$1 is a pro( ( ! exi/5ce ( t savage m5tal condition 9 :i* no l9e is drawn betwe5 m5 & ! o!r ?+s 9 ! _w4 ,?is confusion is "o ( ! *>act]i/ics ( my? 9 all races4 ,,*apt] ,,iv4--,,! ,,m5tal ,,condition ,,( ,,savages--,,magic-- ,,metamorphosis--,,metaphysic--,,psy*olo gy4 ,claims ( sorc]]s--,savage sci5tific speculation--,!ory ( causation--,cr$ulity1 except z to new religi\s ideas--,po/ hoc1 ergo propt] hoc--,fundam5tal ideas ( magic--,examples3 incantations1 gho/s1 spirits--,evid5ce ( rank & o!r in/itutions 9 pro( ( confusions ( m9d exhibit$ 9 magical beliefs4 ,,*apt] ,v4--,,nature ,,my?s4 ,savage fancy1 curiosity & cr$ulity illu/rat$ 9 nature my?s-- ,9 ^! all ph5om5a are expla9$ by belief 9 ! g5]al animation ( ev]y?+1 comb9$ ) belief 9 metamorphosis--,sun my?s1 ,asian1 ,au/ralian1 ,african1 ,melanesian1 ,indian1 ,cali=nian1 ,brazilian1 ,maori1 ,samoan--,moon my?s1 ,au/ralian1 ,muysca1 ,mexican1 ,zulu1 ,macass>1 ,gre5l&1 ,piute1 ,malay--,?und] my?s--,greek & ,aryan sun & moon my?s--,/> my?s--,my?s1 savage & civilis$1 ( animals1 acc\nt+ = _! m>ks & habits--,examples ( cu/om ( claim+ blood k9%ip ) l[] animals--,my?s ( v>i\s plants & trees--,my?s ( /ones1 & ( metamorphosis into /ones1 ,greek1 ,au/ralian & ,am]ican--,! :ole natural philosophy ( savages express$ 9 my?s1 & survives 9 folk-lore & classical poetry2 & leg5ds ( metamorphosis4 ,,*apt] ,,vi4--,,non-,,aryan ,,my?s ,,( ,,! ,,orig9 ,,( ,,! ,,_w ,,& ,,( ,,man4 ,confusions ( my?--,v>i\s orig9s ( man & ( ?+s--,my?s ( ,au/ralia1 ,&aman ,isl&s1 ,bu%m51 ,ovah]]o1 ,namaquas1 ,zulus1 ,hurons1 ,iroquois1 ,digg]s1 ,navajoes1 ,w9nebagoes1 ,*aldaeans1 ,?l9keets1 ,pacific ,isl&]s1 ,maoris1 ,aztecs1 ,p]uvians-- ,simil>ity ( ideas p]vad+ all ^? peoples 9 v>i\s conditions ( society & culture4 ,,*apt] ,,vii4--,,indo-,,aryan ,,my?s--,,s\rces ,,( ,,evid5ce4 ,au?orities--,v$as--,brahmanas--,social condition ( ,v$ic ,india-- ,arts--,ranks--,w>--,v$ic feti%ism--,ance/or wor%ip--,date ( ,rig- ,v$a ,hymns d\btful--,obscurity ( ! ,hymns--,difficulty ( int]pret+ ! real "* ( ,v$a--,n primitive b sac]dotal--,! moral purity n innoc5ce b ref9em5t4 ,,*apt] ,,viii4--,,indian ,,my?s ,,( ,,! ,,orig9 ,,( ,,! ,,_w ,,& ,,( ,,man4 ,comp>ison ( ,v$ic & savage my?s--,! metaphysical ,v$ic acc\nt ( ! beg9n+ ( ?+s--,opposite & savage fable ( _w made out ( fragm5ts ( a man--,discussion ( ?is hymn-- ,absurdities ( ,brahmanas--,prajapati1 a ,v$ic ,unkulunkulu or ,qat-- ,evolution>y my?s--,m>riage ( heav5 & e>?--,my?s ( ,puranas1 _! savage p>allels--,mo/ savage my?s are repeat$ 9 ,brahmanas4 ,,*apt] ,,ix4--,,greek ,,my?s ,,( ,,! ,,orig9 ,,( ,,! ,,_w ,,& ,,man4 ,! ,greeks practically civilis$ :5 we fir/ meet !m 9 ,hom]-- ,_! my?ology1 h[ev]1 is full ( repulsive features--,! hypo!sis t _m ( ^! are savage survivals--,are !re o!r examples ( su* survival 9 ,greek life & in/itutions8--,greek op9ion 0 con/ant t ! race _h be5 savage--,illu/rations ( savage survival f ,greek law ( homicide1 f magic1 religion1 human sacrifice1 religi\s art1 traces ( totemism1 & f ! my/]ies--,conclusion3 t savage survival may also be expect$ 9 ,greek my?s4 ,,*apt] ,x4--,,greek ,,cosmogonic ,,my?s4 ,nature ( ! evid5ce--,traditions ( orig9 ( ! _w & man-- ,hom]ic1 ,hesiodic & ,orphic my?s--,lat] evid5ce ( hi/orians1 dramati/s1 comm5tators--,! ,hom]ic /ory comp>atively pure--,! /ory 9 ,hesiod1 & its savage analogues--,! explanations ( ! my? ( ,cronus1 mod]n & anci5t--,! ,orphic cosmogony--,phanes & ,prajapati--,greek my?s ( ! orig9 ( man--,_! savage analogues4 ,,*apt] ,,xi4--,,savage ,,div9e ,,my?s4 ,! orig9 ( a belief 9 ,,god beyond ! k5 ( hi/ory & ( speculation--,sket* ( conjectural !ories--,two elem5ts 9 all beliefs1 :e!r ( backw>d or civilis$ races--,! ,my?ical & ! ,religi\s--,^! may be coeval1 or ei!r may be old] ?an ! o!r--,difficulty ( /udy--,! curr5t an?ropological !ory-- ,/at$ objections to ! !ory--,gods & spirits--,sugge/ion t savage religion is borr[$ f ,europeans--,reply to ,mr4 ,tylor's argum5ts on ?is head--,! morality ( savages4 ,,preface ,,to ,,new ,,impression4 ,:5 ?is book fir/ appe>$ 7#ahhf71 ! philological s*ool ( int]pretation ( religion & my?1 be+ !n /ill p[]ful 9 ,engl&1 0 criticis$ & oppos$ by ! au?or4 ,9 ,sci5ce1 z on ! ,turki% ?rone ( old1 ,amura? to ,amura? succe$s2 ! philological !ories ( religion & my? h n[ yield$ to an?ropological me?ods4 ,! c5tre ( ! an?ropological position 0 ! gho/ !ory ( ,mr4 ,h]b]t ,sp5c]1 ! ,animi/ic !ory ( ,mr4 ,e4 ,r4 ,tylor1 accord+ to :om ! propitiation ( ance/ral & o!r spirits leads to poly!ism1 & !nce to mono!ism4 ,9 ! second edition 7#aija7 ( ?is "w ! au?or argu$ t ! belief 9 a relatively supreme be+1 an?ropomorphic 0 z old z1 & might be ev5 old]1 ?an animi/ic religion4 ,?is !ory he exhibit$ at great] l5g?1 & ) a l>g] collection ( evid5ce1 9 8 ,mak+ ( ,religion4 ,s9ce #aija1 a great deal ( fre% te/imony z to :at ,mr4 ,h[itt /yles ! ,all ,fa!r 9 savage & b>b>ic religions has accru$4 ,z reg>ds ?is be+ 9 ,africa1 ! read] may consult ! volumes ( ! ,new ,s]ies ( ! ,j\rnal ( ! ,an?ropological ,in/itute1 :i* are full ( ,african evid5ce1 n1 z yet1 discuss$1 to my k1 by any writ] on ! ,hi/ory ( ,religion4 ,z late z ,man1 = ,july1 #aijf1 ,no4 #ff1 ,mr4 ,p>k9son publi%$ int]e/+ ,yoruba leg5ds ab\t ,ol]on1 ! mak] & fa!r ( m51 & ,oro1 ! ,ma/] ( ! ,bull ,ro>]4 ,f ,au/ralia1 we h ,mr4 ,h[itt's acc\nt ( ! ,all ,fa!r 9 8 ,native ,tribes ( ,s\?-,ea/ ,au/ralia1 ) ! acc\nt ( ! ,all ,fa!r ( ! ,c5tral ,au/ralian tribe1 ! ,kaiti%1 9 ,nor? ,c5tral ,tribes ( ,au/ralia1 by ,messrs4 ,sp5c] & ,gill5 7#aijd71 also ,! ,euahlayi ,tribe1 by ,mrs4 ,langley ,p>k] 7#aijf74 ,^! ma/]ly books are indisp5sable to all /ud5ts ( ! subject1 :ile1 9 ,messrs4 ,sp5c] & ,gill5's "w cit$1 & 9 _! e>li] ,native ,tribes ( ,c5tral ,au/ralia1 we are introduc$ to savages :o (f] an elaborate animi/ic !ory1 & are said to %[ no traces ( ! ,all ,fa!r belief4 ,! books ( ,messrs4 ,sp5c] & ,gill5 also pres5t mu* evid5ce z to a previ\sly unkn[n =m ( totemism1 9 :i* ! totem is n h]$it>y1 & does n regulate m>riage4 ,?is prevails among ! ,arunta nation1 & ! ,kaiti% tribe4 ,9 ! op9ion ( ,mr4 ,sp5c] 7,report ,au/ralian ,association = ,advancem5t ( ,sci5ce1 #aijd7 & ( ,mr4 ,j4 ,g4 ,fraz] 7,=tnightly ,review1 ,septemb]1 #aije71 ?is is ! e>lie/ surviv+ =m ( totemism1 & ,mr4 ,fraz] sugge/s an animi/ic orig9 = ! in/itution4 ,i h criticis$ ^! views 9 ,! ,secret ( ! ,totem 7#aije71 & propos$ a diff]5t solution ( ! problem4 7,see also ,primitive & ,advanc$ ,totemism 9 ,j\rnal ( ! ,an?ropological ,in/itute1 ,july1 #aijf47 ,9 ! works m5tion$ w be f\nd ref]5ces to o!r s\rces ( in=mation z to ^! que/ions1 :i* are /ill sub judice4 ,mrs4 ,bates1 :o has be5 /udy+ ! hi!rto almo/ unkn[n tribes ( ,we/]n ,au/ralia1 promises a book on _! beliefs & in/itutions1 & ,mr4 ,n4 ,w4 ,?omas is engag$ on a volume on ,au/ralian in/itutions4 ,9 ?is place ! au?or c only direct att5tion to ^! novel s\rces1 & to ! promis$ ?ird edition ( ,mr4 ,fraz]'s ,! ,gold5 ,b\gh4 ,a4 ,l4 ,,preface ,,to ,,new ,,edition4 ,! orig9al edition ( ,my?1 ,ritual & ,religion1 publi%$ 9 #ahhg1 has long be5 out ( pr9t4 ,9 revis+ ! book ,i h br\ght x into l9e ) ! ideas express$ 9 ! second "p ( my ,mak+ ( ,religion 7#ahih7 & h excis$ c]ta9 passages :i*1 z ! book fir/ appe>$1 7 inconsi/5t ) its ma9 !sis4 ,9 "s cases ! orig9al passages are reta9$ 9 notes1 to %[ ! nature ( ! developm5t ( ! au?or's op9ions4 ,a fragm5t or two ( controv]sy has be5 delet$1 & *apt]s xi4 & xii41 on ! religion ( ! l[e/ races1 h be5 entirely rewritt51 on ! /r5g? ( m rec5t or e>li] in=mation lately acquir$4 ,! gi/ ( ! book z x /&s n[ & z x orig9ally /ood is conta9$ 9 ! foll[+ l9es f ! preface ( #ahhg3 ,:ile ! attempt is made to %[ t ! wild] features ( my? survive f1 or 7 borr[$ f1 or 7 imitat$ f ! ideas ( p 9 ! savage condition ( ?\ght1 ! exi/5ce--ev5 among savages--( comp>atively pure1 if in>ticulate1 religi\s beliefs is insi/$ on ?r\gh\t4 ,to t op9ion ,i adh]e1 & ,i tru/ t x is n[ express$ ) m consi/5cy ?an 9 ! fir/ edition4 ,i h se5 reason1 m & m1 to d\bt ! validity ( ! gho/ !ory1 or animi/ic hypo!sis1 z explanatory ( ! :ole fabric ( religion2 & ,i pres5t argum5ts aga9/ ,mr4 ,tylor's cont5tion t ! high] conceptions ( savage fai? are borr[$ f mission>ies47#a7 ,x is v possible1 h[ev]1 t ,mr4 ,tylor has argum5ts m p[]ful ?an ^? conta9$ 9 8 pap] ( #ahib4 ,= our in=mation is n yet adequate to a sci5tific !ory ( ! ,orig9 ( ,religion1 & probably nev] w be4 ,beh9d ! races :om we mu/ reg>d z ne>e/ ! beg9n+ are _! unkn[n ance/ors f a dateless pa/1 m5 z human z ourselves1 b m5 conc]n+ ^: psy*ical1 m5tal & moral condition we c only =m conjectures4 ,among !m religion arose1 9 circum/ances ( :i* we are necess>ily ignorant4 ,?us ,i only v5ture on a surmise z to ! g]m ( a fai? 9 a ,mak] 7if ,i am n to say ,creator7 & ,judge ( m54 ,b1 z to :e!r ! high] religi\s belief1 or ! l[] my?ical /ories came fir/1 we are at lea/ c]ta9 t ! ,*ri/ian conception ( ,god1 giv5 pure1 0 pres5tly entangl$1 by ! popul> fancy ( ,europe1 9 new ,m>*5 ab\t ! ,deity1 ! ,madonna1 h] ,son1 & ! ,apo/les4 ,"h1 beyond possibility ( d5ial1 pure belief came fir/1 fanciful leg5d 0 atta*$ aft]4 ,i am incl9$ to surmise t ?is has always be5 ! case1 &1 9 ! pages on ! leg5d ( ,zeus1 ,i %[ ! processes ( deg5]ation1 ( my?ical accretions on a fai? 9 a ,heav5-,god1 9 action4 ,t ! feel+ ( religi\s devotion atte/s high faculties 9 e>ly man 7su* z are (t5 d5i$ to m5 :o _c c\nt up to sev571 & t ! same high m5tal faculties444 w\ld infallibly lead him1 z long z 8 reason+ p[]s rema9$ poorly develop$1 to v>i\s /range sup]/itions & cu/oms1 0 ! belief ( ,mr4 ,d>w947#b7 ,t is also my view1 & ,i note t ! l[e/ savages are n yet guilty ( ! v wor/ practices1 sacrifice ( human be+s to a blood-lov+ ,god1 & ordeals by poison & fire1 to :i* ,mr4 ,d>w9 alludes4 ,! improvem5t ( our sci5ce has fre$ u f misde$s :i* are unkn[n to ! ,&amanese or ! ,au/ralians4 ,?us !re 01 z reg>ds ^! po9ts 9 morals1 deg5]acy f savag]y z society advanc$1 & ,i believe t !re 0 also deg5]ation 9 religion4 ,to say ?is is n to h9t at a !ory ( sup]natural revelation to ! e>lie/ m51 a !ory :i* ,i mu/1 9 lim9e disclaim4 7#a7 ,tylor1 ,limits ( ,savage ,religion4 ,j\rnal ( ! ,an?ropological ,in/itute1 vol4 xxi4 7#b7 ,desc5t ( ,man1 p4 #fh1 #ahga4 ,9 vol4 ii4 p4 #ai occurs a ref]5ce1 9 a note1 to ,mr4 ,h>tl&'s criticism ( my ideas ab\t ,au/ralian gods z set =? 9 ! ,mak+ ( ,religion4 ,mr4 ,h>tl&1 :o k9dly read ! *apt]s on ,au/ralian religion 9 ?is book1 does n consid] t my note on p4 #ai meets ! po9t ( 8 argum5t4 ,z to ! ,au/ralians1 ,i mean no m ?an t1 ,,among endless l[ my?s1 "s ( !m possess a belief 9 a mak] ( ev]y?+1 a primal be+1 /ill 9 exi/5ce1 wat*+ conduct1 puni%+ brea*es ( 8 laws1 &1 9 "s cases1 rew>d+ ! good 9 a future life4 ,( c\rse ^! are ! g]ms ( a sympa!tic religion1 ev5 if ! be+ ?us reg>d$ is mix$ up ) immoral or humor\s contradictory my?s4 ,my position is n h>m$ by su* my?s1 :i* occur 9 all old religions1 &1 9 ! middle ages1 new my?s 7 atta*$ to ! sacr$ figures ( ,*ri/ianity 9 poetry & popul> tales4 ,?us1 if !re is no?+ sacr$ 9 a religion because wild or wick$ fables ab\t ! gods also occur1 !re is no?+ sacr$ 9 almo/ any religion on e>?4 ,mr4 ,h>tl&'s po9t1 h[ev]1 seems to be t1 9 ! ,mak+ ( ,religion1 ,i _h select$ c]ta9 ,au/ralian beliefs z especially sacr$ & to be di/+ui%$ f o!rs1 because !y are inculcat$ at ! religi\s ,my/]ies ( "s tribes4 ,8 aim1 !n1 is to discov] l[1 wild1 immoral my?s1 inculcat$ at ! ,my/]ies1 & ?us to de/roy my l9e drawn betwe5 religion on "o h& & my? or m]e folk-lore on ! o!r4 ,?us !re is a be+ nam$ ,d>amulun1 ( ^: rites1 among ! ,coa/ ,murr+1 ,i cond5s$ ! acc\nt ( ,mr4 ,h[itt47#a7 ,f a /atem5t by ,mr4 ,gre5way7#b7 ,mr4 ,h>tl& le>n$ t ,d>amulun's "n is said to mean leg on "o side or lame4 ,he1 !re=e1 ) f9e hum\r1 speaks ( ,d>amulun z a creator ) a game leg1 ?\gh :5 ,baiame is d]iv$ by two excell5t l+ui/s1 ,mr4 ,ridley & ,mr4 ,gre5way1 f ,kamil>oi baia1 to make1 ,mr4 ,h>tl& is by no means s sure ( ! s5se ( ! "n4 ,x happ5s to be inconv5i5t to him6 ,let ! names mean :at !y may1 ,mr4 ,h>tl& f9ds1 9 an obit] dictum ( ,mr4 ,h[itt 7be=e he 0 initiat$71 t ,d>amulun is said to h di$1 & t 8 _s is n[ al(t4 ,:o says s1 & :]e1 we are n in=m$17#c7 & ! "q is important4 7#a7 ,j4 ,a4 ,i41 xiii4 pp4 #ddj-dei4 7#b7 ,ibid41 xxi4 p4 #bid4 7#c7 ,ibid41 xiii4 p4 #aid4 ,= ! ,wiraijuri1 ,,9 ,,_! ,,my/]ies1 tell a my? ( cannibal conduct ( ,d>amulun's1 & ( deceit & failure ( k 9 ,baiame47#a7 ,( ?is ,i 0 unaw>e1 or neglect$ x1 = ,i explicitly said t ,i foll[$ ,mr4 ,h[itt's acc\nt1 :]e no su* matt] is m5tion$4 ,mr4 ,h[itt1 9 fact1 describ$ ! ,my/]ies ( ! ,coa/ ,murr+1 :ile ! n>rator ( ! l[ my?s1 ,mr4 ,mat!ws1 describ$ ^? ( a remote tribe1 ! ,wiraijuri1 ) :om ,d>amulun is n ! *ief1 b a subord9ate p]son4 ,h[ ,mr4 ,mat!ws' fri5ds c at once hold t ,d>amulun 0 de/roy$ by ,baiame 7_! *ief deity71 & also t ,d>amulun's voice is he>d at _! rites1 ,i don't "k47#b7 ,nor d ,i "k :y ,mr4 ,h>tl& takes ! my? ( a tribe :]e ,d>amulun is ! evil _s :o rules ! night17#c7 & introduces x z an argum5t aga9/ ! belief ( a di/ant tribe1 :]e1 by ,mr4 ,h[itt's acc\nt1 ,d>amulun is n an evil _s1 b ! ma/] ( all1 ^: abode is above ! sky1 & to :om are attribut$ p[]s ( omnipot5ce & omnipres5ce1 or1 at any rate1 ! p[] to d any?+ & to g any:]e4444 ,to 8 direct ord9ances are attribut$ ! social & moral laws ( ! community47#d7 ,?is is n an evil _s6 ,:5 ,mr4 ,h>tl& goes = sc&als to a remote tribe ( a diff]5t cre$ t he may discr$it ! cre$ ( ! ,coa/ ,murr+1 he might z well attribute to ! ,free ,kirk ! errors ( ,rome4 ,b ,mr4 ,h>tl& does x67#e7 ,be+ cunn+ ( f5ce he may reply t ,i also spoke loosely ( ,wiraijuri & ,coa/ ,murr+ z1 indiff]5tly1 ,d>amulunites4 ,i did1 & ,i 0 wrong1 & my critic ought n to accept b to expose my error4 ,! ,wiraijuri ,d>amulun1 :o 0 annihilat$1 yet :o is an evil _s t rules ! night1 is n ! ,murr+ gu>dian & f\nd] ( recognis$ e?ics4 7#a7 ,j4 ,a4 ,i41 xxv4 p4 #big4 7#b7 ,ibid41 ,may1 #ahie1 p4 #dai4 7#c7 ,ibid4 7#d7 ,ibid41 xiii4 pp4 #deh1 #dei4 7#e7 ,folk-,lore1 ix41 ,no4 iv41 p4 #bii4 ,b1 9 ! ,wiraijuri my/]ies1 ! ma/]1 ,baiame1 deceives ! wom5 z to ! ,my/]ies6 ,%ock+ to ,,u1 b to deceive ! wom5 z to ^! arcana1 is1 to ! ,au/ralian m9d 9 g5]al1 necess>y = ! safety ( ! _w4 ,moreov]1 we h he>d ( a ly+ _s s5t to deceive prophets 9 a mu* high] cre$4 ,f9ally1 9 a my? ( ! ,my/]y ( ! ,wiraijuri1 ,baiame is n omnisci5t4 ,inde$1 ev5 civilis$ races _c keep on ! level ( ^! religi\s conceptions1 & n to keep on t level is--my?ology4 ,apollo1 9 ! hymn to ,h]mes1 sung on a sacr$ occasion1 ne$s to ask an old v9e-dress] = intellig5ce4 ,hyp]ion sees all & he>s all1 b ne$s to be in=m$1 by 8 daught]s1 ( ! slaught] ( 8 k9e4 ,! ,"l1 9 ! ,book ( ,job1 has to ask ,satan1 ,:5ce come/ ?\8 ,n[ = ! sake ( dramatic effect1 n[ f pure inability to live on ! level ( 8 highe/ ?\ght1 man my?ologises & an?ropomorphises1 9 ,greece or ,israel1 z 9 ,au/ralia4 ,x does n foll[ t !re is no?+ sacr$ 9 8 religion4 ,mr4 ,h>tl& (f]s me a case 9 po9t4 ,9 ,mrs4 ,langloh ,p>k]'s ,au/ralian ,leg5d>y ,tales 7pp4 #aa1 #id71 are my?s ( l[ adv5tures ( ,baiame4 ,9 h] ,m ,au/ralian ,leg5d>y ,tales 7pp4 #hd-ii71 is a v poetical & *>m+ aspect ( ! ,baiame belief4 ,mr4 ,h>tl& says t ,i w seek to put ! fir/ set ( /ories out ( c\rt1 z a k9d ( joke ) no sacr$ness ab\t x4 ,n ,i1 b ! ,noongahburrah tribe !mselves make ?is ess5tial di/9ction4 ,mrs4 ,langloh ,p>k] says37#a7 ,! =m] s]ies 7) ! l[ ,baiame my?s7 7 all su* leg5ds z are told to ! black pican9nies2 among ! pres5t are "s !y w\ld n be all[$ to he>1 t\*+ z !y d on sacr$ ?+s1 taboo to ! "y4 ,! blacks draw ! l9e :i* ,i am said to seek to draw4 7#a7 ,m ,leg5d>y ,tales1 p4 xv4 ,9 yet ano!r case7#a7 grotesque hunt+ adv5tures ( ,baiame are told 9 ! my/]ies1 & illu/rat$ by ! sacr$ tempor>y repres5tations 9 rais$ e>?4 ,i did n "k x2 ,i m]ely foll[$ ,mr4 ,h[itt4 ,b ,i d n d\bt x4 ,my reply is1 t !re 0 some?+ sacr$ 9 ,greek my/]ies1 some?+ purify+1 ennobl+1 consol+4 ,= ?is ,lobeck has collect$ 7& disp>ag$7 ! evid5ce ( ,p9d>1 ,sophocles1 ,cic]o & _m o!rs1 :ile ev5 ,ari/ophanes1 z ,pr(4 ,campbell rem>ks1 says3 ,we only h bright sun & *e]ful life :o h be5 initiat$ & liv$ pi\sly 9 reg>d to /rang]s & to private citiz5s47#b7 ,security & peace ( m9d1 9 ?is _w & = ! next1 71 we "k n h[1 borne into ! he>ts ( ,p9d> & ,sophocles 9 ! ,my/]ies4 ,yet1 if we may at all tru/ ! ,fa!rs1 !re 7 sc5es ( debau*]y1 z at ! ,my/]ies ( ! ,fijians 7,nanga7 !re 0 buffoon]y 7to amuse ! boys1 ,mr4 ,h[itt says ( "s ,au/ralian rites71 ! /ory ( ,baubo is only "o example1 &1 9 o!r my/]ies ?an ! ,eleus9ian1 we "k ( mumm]ies 9 :i* an absurd tale ( ,zeus is relat$ 9 connection ) an oak log4 ,yet surely !re 0 some?+ sacr$ 9 ! fai? ( ,zeus6 ,let u judge ! ,au/ralians z we judge ,greeks4 ,! precepts z to speak+ ! /raight=w>d tru?1 z to unselfi%ness1 avoidance ( qu>rels1 ( wrongs to unprotect$ wom51 ( unnatural vices1 are c]ta9ly communicat$ 9 ! ,my/]ies ( "s tribes1 )1 9 ano!r1 k ( ! "n & nature ( ,our ,fa!r1 ,munganngaur4 ,t a ,totemi/ic dance1 or m$ic9e-dance ( ,emu hunt+1 is also display$7#c7 at c]ta9 ,my/]ies ( a giv5 tribe1 & t ,baiame is spok5 ( z ! h]o ( ?is ballet1 no m deprives ! ,au/ralian moral & religi\s tea*+ 7at ! ,my/]ies7 ( sacr$ value1 ?an ! /upid indec5cy :]eby ,baubo made ,demet] laugh de/roys ! sacr$ness ( ! ,eleus9ia1 on :i* ,p9d>1 ,sophocles & ,cic]o eloqu5tly dwell4 ,if ! ,au/ralian my/ae1 at ! mo/ solemn mom5t ( _! lives1 are %[n a dull or dirty div9e ballet d'action1 :at did ,sophocles see1 aft] tak+ a swim ) 8 pig8 ,_m ?+s f> f edify+1 yet ! sacr$ elem5t ( religi\s hope & fai? 0 also repres5t$4 ,s x is 9 ,au/ralia4 7#a7 ,j4 ,a4 ,i41 xxiv4 p4 #daf4 7#b7 ,religion 9 ,greek ,lit]ature1 p4 #bei4 ,x is to be regrett$ t ! le>n$ pr(essor gives no ref]5ces4 ,! ,greek ,my/]ies are treat$ lat] 9 ?is volume4 7#c7 ,see ,a picture ( ,au/ralia1 #ahbi1 p4 #bfd4 ,^! /udies ought to be comp>ative1 o!rwise !y are wor?less4 ,z ,mr4 ,h>tl& calls ,d>amulun an et]nal ,creator ) a game leg :o di$1 he may call ,zeus an et]nal fa!r1 :o swall[$ 8 wife1 lay ) 8 "m & si/]1 made love z a swan1 & di$1 nay1 0 buri$1 9 ,crete4 ,i d n ?9k t ,mr4 ,h>tl& w\ld call ,zeus a gho/-god 7my own phrase71 or ?9k t he 0 scor+ a po9t aga9/ me1 if ,i spoke ( ! sacr$ & e?ical *>act]i/ics ( ! ,zeus ador$ by ,eumaeus 9 ! ,odyssey4 ,he w\ld n be s humor\s ab\t ,zeus1 nor fall into an ignoratio el5*i4 ,= my po9t nev] 0 t any ,au/ralian tribe _h a pure !i/ic conception unsoil$ & unoblit]at$ by my? & buffoon]y4 ,my argum5t 0 t ,,among _! ideas is t ( a sup]human be+1 unceas+ 7if ,i may n say et]nal71 a mak] 7if ,i may n say a ,creator71 a gu>dian ( c]ta9 by no means despicable e?ics1 :i* ,i nev] proclaim$ z sup]normally inspir$6 ,x is no reply to me to say t1 9 or out ( ,my/]ies1 l[ fables ab\t t be+ are told1 & buffoon]ies are enact$4 ,=1 ?\gh ,i say t c]ta9 high ideas are taught 9 ,my/]ies1 ,i d n ?9k ,i say t 9 ,my/]ies no l[ my?s are told4 ,i take ?is opportunity1 z ! e>lie/1 to apologise = an error 9 my ,mak+ ( ,religion conc]n+ a passage 9 ! ,primitive ,culture ( my fri5d ,mr4 ,e4 ,b4 ,tylor4 ,mr4 ,tylor quot$7#a7 a passage f ,capta9 ,john ,smi?'s ,hi/ory ( ,virg9ia1 z giv5 9 ,p9k]ton1 xiii4 pp4 #ac-ci1 #afcb4 ,9 ?is passage no m5tion occurs ( a ,virg9ian deity nam$ ,ahone b ,okee1 ano!r & m trucul5t god1 is nam$4 ,i obs]v$ t1 if ,mr4 ,tylor _h us$ ,/ra*ey's ,hi/orie ( ,travaile 7#afab71 he w\ld h f\nd a slightly v>y+ copy ( ,smi?'s text ( #afcb1 ) ,ahone z sup]ior to ,okee4 ,i add$ 9 a note 7p4 #bec73 ,!re is a description ( ,virg9ia1 by ,w4 ,/ra*ey1 includ+ ,smi?'s rem>ks publi%$ 9 #afab4 ,/ra*ey int]wove "s ( ?is "w ) 8 own ,,ms4 9 ! ,briti% ,museum4 ,"h1 z pres5tly w be %[n1 ,i err$1 9 company ) ,/ra*ey's editor ( #ahdi1 & ) ! writ] on ,/ra*ey 9 ! ,diction>y ( ,national ,biography4 ,:at ,mr4 ,tylor quot$ f an edition ( ,smi? 9 #afcb _h already appe>$1 9 #afab1 9 a book 7,map ( ,virg9ia1 ) a description ( ! ,c\ntrey7 describ$ on ! title-page z writt5 by ,capta9 ,smi?1 ?\gh1 9 my op9ion1 ,smi? may h _h a collaborator4 ,!re is no evid5ce :atev] t ,/ra*ey _h any?+ to d ) ?is book ( #afab1 9 :i* !re is no m5tion ( ,ahone4 ,mr4 ,arb] dates ,/ra*ey's own ,,ms4 79 :i* ,ahone occurs7 z ( #afaj-afae47b7 ,i myself1 = reasons pres5tly to be alleg$1 date ! ,,ms4 ma9ly 9 #afaa-afab4 ,if ,mr4 ,arb] & ,i are "r1 ,/ra*ey mu/ h _h access to ,smi?'s ,,ms4 be=e x 0 publi%$ 9 #afab1 & we %all see h[ he us$ x4 ,my po9t "h is t ,/ra*ey m5tion$ ,ahone 79 ,,ms47 be=e ,smi?'s book ( #afab 0 publi%$4 ,?is c\ld n be ga!r$ f ! d$ication to ,bacon prefix$ to ,/ra*ey's ,,ms41 = t d$ication _c be e>li] t #afah47c7 ,i n[ ask leave to discuss ! evid5ce = an e>ly pre-,*ri/ian belief 9 a primal ,creator1 held by ! ,indian tribes f ,plym\?1 9 ,new ,engl&1 to ,roanoke ,isl&1 (f ,s\!rn ,virg9ia4 7#a7 ,prim4 ,cult4 ii4 p4 #cdb4 7#b7 ,arb]'s ,smi?1 p4 cxxxiii4 7#c7 ,hakluyt ,society1 ,/ra*ey1 #ahdi1 pp4 xxi41 xxii4 ,,! ,,god ,,ahone4 ,an ins]tion by a manife/ plagi>y into ! "w ( a detect$ li> is n1 usually1 good evid5ce4 ,yet ?is is all ! evid5ce1 x may be urg$1 :i* we h = ! exi/5ce ( a belief1 9 e>ly ,virg9ia1 z to a good ,creator1 nam$ ,ahone4 ,! matt] /&s ?us3 ,9 #afjg-afji ! fam$ ,capta9 ,john ,smi? endur$ & a*iev$ 9 ,virg9ia suff]+s & adv5tures4 ,9 #afjh he s5t to ! ,c\ncil at home a ,,ms4 map & description ( ! colony4 ,9 #afji he return$ to ,engl& 7,octob]74 ,9 ,may1 #afaj1 ,william ,/ra*ey1 g5t41 arriv$ 9 ,virg9ia1 :]e he 0 secret>y ( /ate to ,"l ,de la ,w>r4 ,9 #afab ,/ra*ey & ,smi? 7 bo? 9 ,engl&4 ,9 t ye> ,b>nes ( ,ox=d publi%$ ,a ,map ( ,virg9ia1 ) a description1 etc41 writt5 by ,capta9 ,smi?1 accord+ to ! title-page4 ,!re 0 annex$ a compilation f v>i\s s\rces1 edit$ by ,w4 ,s41 t is1 ,,n ,william ,/ra*ey1 b ,dr4 ,william ,symonds4 ,9 ! same ye>1 #afab1 or 9 #afaa1 ,william ,/ra*ey wrote 8 ,hi/orie ( ,travaile into ,virg9ia ,britannia1 at lea/ z f> z page #abd ( ! ,hakluyt edition ( #ahdi47a7 7#a7 ,= pro( see p4 #bd4 ?ird l9e f foot ( page1 :]e #afab is indicat$4 ,aga91 see p4 #ih1 l9e #e1 :]e la/ ye> is dat$ z #afaj1 ab\t ,*ri/mas1 :i* w\ld put ,/ra*ey's "w at ?is po9t z actually ( #afaa2 prior1 t is1 to ,smi?'s publication4 ,aga91 p4 #abd1 ?is la/ ye>1 myself be+ at ! ,falls 7( ! ,james ,riv]71 ,i f\nd 9 an ,indian h\se c]ta9 clawes444 :i* ,i br\ght away & into ,engl&4 ,if ,/ra*ey1 :o w5t out ) ,"l ,de la ,w>r z secret>y 9 #afaj1 return$ ) him 7z is likely71 he sail$ = ,engl& on #bh? ,m>*1 #afaa4 ,9 t case1 he 0 9 ,engl& 9 #afaa1 & ! passages cit$ leave x dubi\s :e!r he wrote 8 book 9 #afaa1 #afab1 or 9 bo? ye>s47#a7 7#a7 ,mr4 ,arb] dates ! ,,ms4 #afaj-afae1 & attributes to ,/ra*ey ,laws = ,virg9ia1 #afab4 ,/ra*ey embodies 9 8 "w consid]able pieces ( ,smi?'s ,map ( ,virg9ia & ,description1 writt5 9 #afjh1 & publi%$ 9 #afab4 ,he cont9ually des]ts ,smi?1 h[ev]1 add+ m rec5t in=mation1 reflections & ref]5ces to ! anci5t classics1 ) allusions to 8 own travels 9 ! ,levant4 ,8 gloss>y is mu* m ext5sive ?an ,smi?'s1 & he ins]ts a native song ( triumph ov] ! ,engli% 9 ! orig9al47#a7 ,n[1 :5 ,/ra*ey comes to ! religion ( ! natives7#b7 he gives eighte5 pages 7mu* ( x v]biage7 to five ( ,smi?'s47#c7 ,:at ,smi? 7#afab7 says ( _! *ief god ,i quote1 sett+ ,/ra*ey's v]sion 7#afaa-afab7 beside x4 7#a7 ,/ra*ey1 pp4 #gi-hj4 ,he may h got ! song f ,kemps or ,ma*umps1 fri5dly natives4 7#b7 ,pp4 #hb-ajj4 7#c7 ,arb]1 pp4 #gd-gi4 ,,smi? 7,publi%$1 #afab74 ,b _! *iefe ,god !y wor%ip is ! ,diuell4 ,him !y call ,oke1 & s]ue him m ( fe>e ?an l\e4 ,!y say !y h conf]5ce ) him1 & fa%ion !mselues z ne> to 8 %ape z !y c imag9e4 ,9 _! ,temples1 !y h 8 image euile fav\r$ly c>v$1 & !n pa9t$1 & adorn$ ) *a9es1 copp]1 & beades2 & cov]$ ) a sk91 9 su* mann] z ! de=mity may well suit ) su* a ,god4 ,by him is commonly ! sepul*] ( _! ,k+s4 ,,/ra*ey 7,writt51 #afaa-ab74 ,b _! *ief god !y wor%ip is no o!r1 inde$1 !n ! divell1 :ome !y make pres5tm5ts (1 & %ad[ "u ! =me ( an idoll1 :i* !y entitle ,okeus1 & :ome !y wor%ip z ! ,romans did _! hurtful god ,vejovis1 m = fe>e ( h>me !n = hope ( any good2 !y saie !y h conf]5ce ) him1 & fa%ion !mselves 9 _! disguism5ts z ne]e to 8 %ape z !y c imagyn4 ,9 e t]ritory ( a w]oance is a temple & a prie/1 p]adv5ture two or ?rie2 yet happie do? t w]oance accompt himself :o c detayne ) him a ,quiy\gh-quisock1 ( ! be/1 grave1 lucky1 well in/ruct$ 9 _! mi/]yes1 & belov$ ( _! god2 & su* a "o is noe lesse hon\r$ !n 0 ,dianae's prie/ at ,ephesus1 = :ome !y h _! m private temples1 ) oratories & *auneells !re91 accord+ z is ! dignity & rev]5ce ( ! ,quiy\gh-quisock1 :i* ! w]oance wilbe at *>ge to build ^u purpose1 sometyme tw5ty foote broad & a hundr$ 9 l5g?1 fa%ion$ arb\r wyse aft] _! buyld+1 hav+ comonly ! dore op5+ into ! ea/1 & at ! we/ end a sp5ce or *auncell f ! body ( ! temple1 ) holl[ wynd+s & pill]s1 :]eon /& div]s black imagies1 fa%ion$ to ! %\ld]s1 ) _! faces look+ d[n ! *ur*1 & :]e )9 _! w]oances1 ^u a k9d ( bi]e ( re$es1 lye bury$2 & "u !m1 ap>t1 9 a vault l[ 9 ! gr\nd 7z a m secrett ?+71 vail$ ) a matt1 sitts _! ,okeus1 an image ill-fav\r$ly c>v$1 all black dress$1 ) *aynes ( p]le1 ! pres5tm5t & figure ( t god 7say ! prie/s unto ! laity1 & :o religi\sly believe :at ! prie/s saie7 :i* do? !m all ! h>me !y suff]1 be yt 9 _! bodies or goods1 )9 doores or abroad2 & true yt is _m ( !m are div]s tymes 7especyally (f5dors7 %rewdly scrat*$ z !y walke alone 9 ! woods1 yt may well be by ! subtyle _s1 ! maliti\s enemy to mank9d1 :ome1 !re=e1 to pacefie & worke to doe !m good 7at lea/ no h>me7 ! prie/s tell !m !y mu/ d ^! & ^! sacrifices unto 7!m7 ( ^! & ^! ?+s1 & ?us & ?us (t51 by :i* meanes n only _! owne *ildr51 b /raung]s1 are sometimes sacrific$ unto him3 :il/ ! great god 7! prie/s tell !m7 :o gov]nes all ! _w1 & makes ! sun to %9e1 creat+ ! moone & />s 8 companyons1 great p[]s1 & :i* dwell ) him1 & by ^: virtues & influ5ces ! "u e>? is temp]$1 & br+s =? h] fruiets accord+ to h] seasons1 !y call+ ,ahone2 ! good & peaceable god requires no su* dutyes1 nor ne$es be sacrific$ unto1 = he int5de? all good unto !m1 & w doe noe h>me1 only ! displeas$ ,okeus1 look+ into all m5's accions1 & exam9+ ! same accord+ to ! sev]e scale ( ju/ice1 puni%e? !m ) sicknesse1 beats !m1 & /rikes _! ripe corn ) bla/+s1 /ormes1 & ?und] clapps1 /irrs up w>re1 & makes _! wom5 falce unto !m4 ,su* is ! mis]y & ?raldome "u :i* ,sa?an ha? b\nd ^! wret*$ miscreants4 ,i began by call+ ,/ra*ey a plagi>y4 ,! read] w n[ obs]ve t he gives f> m ?an he takes4 ,= example1 8 acc\nt ( ! temples is mu* m full ?an t ( ,smi?1 & he adds to ,smi?'s v]sion ! "* & be+ ( ,ahone1 z :at ! prie/s tell !m4 ,i submit1 !re=e1 t ,/ra*ey's additions1 if valid = temples1 are n discr$it$ = ,ahone1 m]ely because !y are ins]t$ 9 ! framework ( ,smi?4 ,z f> z ,i und]/& ! matt]1 ,smi?'s ,map ( ,virg9ia 7#afab7 is an am5d$ copy1 ) additions1 by ,smi? or ano!r writ] ( t description1 :i* he s5t home to ! ,c\ncil ( ,virg9ia1 9 ,novemb]1 #afjh47a7 ,to ! book ( #afab 0 add$ a portion ( ,relations by diff]5t h&s1 edit$ by ,w4 ,s41 namely1 ,dr4 ,symonds4 ,/ra*ey's editor1 9 #ahdi1 reg>d$ ,w4 ,s4 z ,/ra*ey1 & suppos$ t ,/ra*ey 0 ! real au?or ( ,smi?'s ,map ( ,virg9ia1 s t1 9 8 ,hi/orie ( ,travaile1 ,/ra*ey m]ely took back 8 own4 ,he did n take back 8 own2 he made use ( ,smi?'s ,,ms41 n yet publi%$1 if ,mr4 ,arb] & ,i rightly date ,/ra*ey's ,,ms4 at #afaj-ae1 or #afaa-ab4 ,:y ,/ra*ey act$ ?us x is possible to conjecture4 ,z a s*ol> well acqua9t$ ) ,virg9ia1 & z ,secret>y = ! ,colony1 he w\ld h access to ,smi?'s ,,ms4 ( #afjh among ! pap]s ( ! ,c\ncil1 be=e its publication4 ,smi? pr(esses himself no s*ol]47#b7 ,on ! o!r h&1 ,/ra*ey likes to %[ (f 8 ,lat9 & ,greek4 ,he has a curi\s1 if inaccurate1 k ( esot]ic ,greek & ,roman religi\s antiquities1 & 9 writ+ ( religion aims at a comp>ative me?od4 ,/ra*ey1 h[ev]1 took ! tr\ble to copy bits ( ,smi? into 8 own l>g] "w1 :i* he nev] gave to ! pr9t]s4 7#a7 ,arb]1 p4 #ddd4 7#b7 ,arb]1 p4 #ddb4 ,n[ z to ,ahone4 ,x suits my argum5t to suppose t ,/ra*ey's acc\nt is no less g5u9e ?an 8 description ( ! temples 7illu/rat$ by a picture by ,john ,:ite1 :o _h be5 9 ,virg9ia 9 #aehi71 & ! acc\nt ( ! ,great ,h>e ( ,am]ican my?ology47#a7 ,?is view ( a ,virg9ian ,creator1 our *ief god :o takes ^u him ?is %ape ( a h>e1 0 got1 says ,/ra*ey1 la/ ye>1 #afaj1 f a bro!r ( ! ,potomac ,k+1 by a boy nam$ ,spilman1 :o says t ,smi? sold him to ,p[hattan47#b7 ,9 8 own brief n>rative ,spelman 7or ,spilman7 says no?+ ab\t ! ,cosmogonic ,leg5d ( ! ,great ,h>e4 ,! /ory came up :5 ,capta9 ,argoll 0 tell+ ,p[hattan's bro!r ! acc\nt ( creation 9 ,g5esis 7#afaj74 7#a7 ,/ra*ey1 p4 #ih-ajj4 7#b7 ,spilman's ,n>rative1 ,arb]1 cx4-cxiv4 ,n[ ,/ra*ey's ,great ,h>e is accept$ by my?ologi/s1 :ile ,ahone is reg>d$ ) suspicion4 ,ahone does n happ5 to suit an?ropological ideas1 ! ,h>e suits !m r bett]4 ,moreov]1 & m important1 !re is abundant corroborative evid5ce = ,oke & = ! ,h>e1 ,mi*abo1 :o1 says ,dr4 ,br9ton1 0 orig9ally ! highe/ div9ity recognis$ by !m1 p[]ful & b5efic5t beyond all o!rs1 mak] ( ! heav5s & ! _w1 j l ,ahone1 9 fact4 ,& ,dr4 ,br9ton in/ructs u t ,mi*abo orig9ally meant n ,great ,h>e1 b ! _s ( light47#a7 ,?us1 orig9ally1 ! ,r$ ,m5 ador$ ,! ,_s ( ,light1 mak] ( ! heav5s & ! _w4 ,/ra*ey claims no m ?an ?is = ,ahone4 ,n[1 ( c\rse1 ,dr4 ,br9ton may be "r4 ,b ,i h already express$ my extreme di/ru/ ( ! philological processes by :i* he extracts ,! ,great ,light2 _s ( light1 f ,mi*abo1 beyond a d\bt6 ,9 my poor op9ion1 :atev] claims ,mi*abo may h z an unique creator ( e>? & heav5--,god is ,light1--he owes 8 my?ical aspect z a ,h>e to some?+ o!r ?an an unconsci\s pun4 ,9 any case1 accord+ to ,dr4 ,br9ton1 ,mi*abo1 reg>d$ z a creator1 is equival5t to ,/ra*ey's ,ahone4 ,?is am\nt ( corroboration1 valeat quantum1 ,i may claim1 f ! ,potomac ,indians1 = ! belief 9 ,ahone on ! ,james ,riv]4 ,dr4 ,br9ton is notori\sly n a believ] 9 ,am]ican mono!ism47#b7 7#a7 ,my?s ( ! ,new ,_w1 p4 #agh4 7#b7 ,my?s ( ! ,new ,_w1 p4 #ec4 ,! oppon5ts ( ! au!nticity ( ,ahone1 h[ev]1 w c]ta9ly argue3 ,= ,oke1 or ,oki1 z a r$\bt$ be+ or _s1 or g5]al "n = su* p]sonages1 we h pl5tiful evid5ce1 corroborat+ t ( ,smi?4 ,b :at evid5ce z to ,ahone corroborates t ( ,/ra*ey8 ,i mu/ confess t ,i h no explicit corroborative evid5ce = ,ahone1 b !n ,i h no accessible libr>y ( e>ly books on ,virg9ia4 ,n[ x is cle> t if ,i f\nd & produc$ evid5ce = ,ahone z late z #afbe1 ,i w\ld be met at once ) ! retort t1 betwe5 #afaj & #afbe1 ,*ri/ian ideas _h contam9at$ ! native beliefs4 ,?us if ,i f9d ,ahone1 or a deity ( l attributes1 aft] a v e>ly date1 he is ( no use = my purpose4 ,nor d ,i mu* expect to f9d him4 ,b d we f9d ,w9sl['s ,massa*usetts ,god1 ,kiehtan1 nam$ ,,aft] #afbb 7,i only ask = in=mation71 & if we don't1 does t prev5t ,mr4 ,tylor f cit+ ,kiehtan1 ) app>5t reliance on ! evid5ce87#a7 7#a7 ,primitive ,culture1 ii4 p4 #cdb4 ,aga91 ,ahone1 ?\gh primal & creative1 is1 by ,/ra*ey's acc\nt1 a sleep+ p>tn]4 ,he has no sacrifice1 & no temple or idol is record$4 ,!re=e ! belief 9 ,ahone c\ld only be discov]$ z a result ( inquiry1 :]eas figures ( ,oke or ,okeus1 & 8 s]vices1 7 common & conspicu\s47#a7 ,z to ,oke1 ,i _c q und]/& ,mr4 ,tylor's attitude4 ,summ>is+ ,lafitau1 a late writ] ( #agbd1 ,mr4 ,tylor writes3 ,! :ole class ( spirits or demons1 kn[n to ! ,c>ibs by ! "n ( cemi1 9 ,algonk9 z manitu1 9 ,huron z oki1 ,lafitau n[ spells ) capital lett]s1 & conv]ts !m ea* into a supreme be+47#b7 ,yet 9 ,primitive ,culture1 ii41 #cdb1 #ahia1 ,mr4 ,tylor _h cit$ ,smi?'s ,okee 7) a capital lett]7 z ! *ief god ( ! ,virg9ians 9 #afab4 ,h[ c ,lafitau be said to h elevat$ oki into ,oki1 & s to h made a god out ( a class ( spirits or demons1 9 #agbd1 :5 ,mr4 ,tylor _h already cit$ ,smi?'s ,okee1 ) a capital lett] & z a *ief god1 9 #afab8 ,smi?1 rebuk$ = ! same by ,mr4 ,tylor1 _h ev5 id5tifi$ ,okee ) ! devil4 ,lafitau c]ta9ly did n beg9 ?is errone\s view ( ,oki z a *ief god among ! ,virg9ians4 ,if ,i _c to-day produce corroboration = a god nam$ ,ahone1 ,i c at lea/ %[ t1 f ! nor? ( ,new ,engl& to ! s\? ( ,virg9ia1 !re is e>ly evid5ce1 cit$ by ,mr4 ,tylor1 = a belief 9 a primal creative be+1 closely analog\s to ,ahone4 ,& ?is evid5ce1 ,i ?9k1 di/9ctly proves t su* a be+ z ,ahone 0 )9 ! capacity ( ! ,indians 9 ^! latitudes4 ,mr4 ,tylor mu/ h ?\ght 9 #ahia t ! natives 7 compet5t to a belief 9 a supreme deity1 = he said1 ,ano!r fam\s native ,am]ican "n = ! supreme deity is ,oki47#c7 ,9 ! essay ( #ahib1 h[ev]1 ,oki does n appe> to exi/ z a god's "n till #agbd4 ,we may n[1 = e>li] evid5ce1 turn to ,ma/] ,?omas ,h]iot1 t le>n$ ma!matician :o spoke ! ,indian language1 & 0 ) ! company :i* ab&on$ ,virg9ia on #ah? ,june1 #aehf4 ,!y rang$ #acj miles nor? & #acj miles nor?-we/ ( ,roanoke ,isl&1 :i* br+s !m into ! neighb\rhood ( ,smi?'s & ,/ra*ey's c\ntry4 ,h]iot writes z to ! native cre$s3 ,!y believe t !re are _m gods :i* !y call ,mantoac1 b ( diff]5t sorts & degrees4 ,also t !re is "o *iefe ,god t ha? be5e f all et]nitie1 :o1 z !y say1 :5 he purpos$ fir/ to make ! _w1 made fir/ o!r gods ( a pr9cipall ord]1 to be z in/rum5ts to be us$ 9 ! ,creation & ,gov]nm5t to foll[1 & aft] ! ,sunne1 ,moone & ,/>res z pettie gods1 & ! in/rum5ts ( ! o!r ord] m pr9cipall4444 ,!y ?9ke t all ! gods are ( humane %ape1 & repres5t !m by an?ropomorphic idols4 ,an idol1 or image1 ,kewasa 7! plural is ,kewas[ok71 is plac$ 9 ! temples1 :]e !y wor%ip1 pray & make _m (f]+s4 ,good s\ls g to be happy ) ! gods1 ! bad burn 9 ,popogusso1 a great pit1 :]e ! sun sets4 ,! evid5ce = ?is !ory ( a future life1 z usual1 is t ( m5 :o di$ & reviv$ aga91 a /ory f\nd 9 a score ( widely sep>at$ regions1 d[n to our day1 :5 ! dea?1 revival & revelation occurr$ to ! f\nd] ( ! ,arapahoe new religion ( ! ,gho/ ,dance4 ,! belief works = righte\sness4 ,! common sort444 h great c>e to avoyde torm5t aft] dea?1 & to enjoy blesse1 also !y h great respect to _! ,gov]nors4 7#a7 ,okee's image1 z e>ly z #afjg1 0 borne into battle aga9/ ,smi?1 :o captur$ ! god 7,arb]1 p4 #cic74 ,ahone 0 n ?us en evid5ce4 7#b7 ,j\rnal ( ,an?rop4 ,in/41 ,feb41 #ahib1 pp4 #bhe1 #bhf4 7#c7 ,prim4 ,cult11 ii4 p4 #cdb4 ,?is belief 9 a *ief god f all et]nitie 7t is1 ( unexpla9$ orig971 may n be conv5i5t to "s speculators1 b x exactly corroborates ,/ra*ey's acc\nt ( ,ahone z creator ) subord9ates4 ,! evid5ce is ( #aehf 7tw5ty-six ye>s be=e ,/ra*ey71 &1 l ,/ra*ey1 ,h]iot attributes ! :ole s*eme ( belief to ! prie/es4 ,?is is ! sum ( _! religion1 :i* ,i le>n$ by hav+ speciall famili>itie ) "s ( _! prie/s47#a7 ,i see no escape f ! conclusion t ! ,virg9ians believ$ z ,h]iot says !y did1 except ! device ( alleg+ t !y promptly borr[$ "s ( ,h]iot's ideas & ma9ta9$ t ^! ideas _h ev] be5 _! own4 ,h]iot c]ta9ly did n recognise ! id5tity4 ,?r\gh conv]s+ ) u !y 7 br\ght into great d\bts ( _! owne 7religion71 & no small admiration ( ours2 ( :i* _m desir$ to le>ne m ?an we _h ! meanes = want ( utt]ance 9 _! language to expresse4 ,s ,h]iot c\ld n be subtle 9 ! native tongue4 ,h]iot did :at he c\ld to conv]t !m3 ,i did my be/ to make ,8 immortall glory kn[ne4 ,8 ef=ts 7 *iefly successful by virtue ( ! savage admiration ( our guns1 ma!matical in/rum5ts1 & s =?4 ,^! s\rces ( an awak5$ int]e/ 9 ,*ri/ianity w\ld vani% ) ! total de/ruction & discomfiture ( ! colony1 unless a few captives1 lat] massacr$1 taught our religion to ! natives47#b7 7#a7 ,accord+ to ,/ra*ey1 ,h]iot c\ld speak ! native language4 7#b7 ,h]iot's ,n>rative1 pp4 #cg-ci4 ,qu>it*1 ,london1 #ahic4 ,i %all cite ano!r e>ly example ( a ,new ,engl& deity ak9 to ,ahone1 ) a deputy1 a fri5d ( sorc]]s1 l ,okee4 ,?is acc\nt is 9 ,smi?'s ,g5]al ,hi/ory ( ,new ,engl&1 #afjf-afbd4 ,we s5t out a colony 9 #afjg2 !y all return$ 9 ! ye]e #afjh1 e/eem+ ! c\ntry a cold1 b>r51 m\nta9\s rocky des>t4 ,i am apt to believe t !y did n plant ! fructify+ se$s ( grace among ! natives 9 #afjg-afjh4 ,b ! mission>y ef=ts ( ,fr5* trad]s may1 ( c\rse1 h be5 bless$2 nor c ,i d5y t a yell[-hair$ man1 ^: corpse 0 f\nd 9 #afbj ) "s objects ( iron1 may h conv]t$ ! natives to su* beliefs z !y possess$4 ,we are told1 h[ev]1 t ^! t5ets 7 ( ance/ral antiquity4 ,i cite ,e4 ,w9sl[1 z edit$ by ,smi? 7#afbc-bd73-- ,^? :]e 9 ?is ,plantation 7,new ,plym\?7 say ,kiehtan7#a7 made all ! o!r ,gods3 also "o man & "o woman1 & ) !m all mank9de1 b h[ !y became s disp]s$ !y "k n4 ,!y say t at fir/ !re 0 no k+ b ,kiehtan1 t dwelle? f> we/]ly above ! heav5s1 :i!r all good m5 g :5 !y die1 & h pl5tie ( all ?+s4 ,! bad g ?i!r also & knock at ! door1 b 7'! door is %ut'7 he bids !m g w&] 9 endless want & mis]y1 = !y %all n /ay !re4 ,!y nev] saw ,kiehtan17#b7 b !y hold x a great *>ge & dutie t "o race tea* ano!r2 & to him !y make fea/s & cry & s+ = pl5ty & victory1 or any?+ t is good4 7#a7 ,9 #ahgc ,mr4 ,tylor reg>d$ ,dr4 ,br9ton's etymology ( ,kiehtan z ,kittanit[it ,great ,liv+ ,_s1 z plausible4 ,9 8 edition ( #ahia he omits ?is etymology4 ,p]sonally ,i entirely di/ru/ ! philological !ories ( ! orig9al s5se ( old div9e names z a g5]al rule4 7#b7 ,!y nev] saw ,kiehtan4 ,s1 ab\t #ahed1 ,! common answ] ( intellig5t black fell[s on ! ,b>won :5 ask$ if !y "k ,baiame444 is ?is3 ',kamil zaia zummi ,baiame1 zaia w9uzgulda'2 ',i h n se5 ,baiame1 ,i h he>d or p]ceiv$ him'4 ,if ask$ :o made ! sky1 ! e>?1 ! animals & man1 !y always answ] ',baiame'4 ,d>amulun1 accord+ to ! same au?ority 9 ,lang's ,que5sl&1 0 ! famili> ( sorc]]s1 & appe>$ z a s]p5t4 ,?is answ]s1 z ,i %[1 to ,hobamock ! subord9ate p[] to ,kiehtan 9 ,new ,engl& & to ,okee1 ! famili> ( sorc]]s 9 ,virg9ia4 7,ridley1 ,j4 ,a4 ,i41 #ahgb1 p4 #bgg47 ,!y h ano!r ,p[] !y call ,hobamock1 :i* we conceive ! ,devill1 & ^u him !y call to cure _! w\nds & diseases2 :5 !y are curable he p]suades !m he s5t !m1 because !y h displeas$ him2 b1 if !y be mortal1 !n he sai?1 ',kiehtan s5t !m'2 :i* makes !m nev] call on him 9 _! sickness4 ,!y say ?is ,hobamock appe>s to !m sometimes l a man1 a de]1 or an eagle1 b mo/ commonly l a snake2 n to all b to _! ,p[ahs to cure diseases1 & ,undeses444 & ^! are su* z conjure 9 ,virg9ia1 & cause ! p to d :at !y li/4 ,w9sl[ 7or r ,smi? edit+ ,w9sl[ "h71 _h already said1 ,!y believe1 z d ! ,virg9ians1 ( _m div9e p[]s1 yet ( "o above all ! re/1 z ! ,s\!rn ,virg9ians call _! *ief god ,kewassa 7an error71 & t we n[ inhabit ,oke4444 ,! ,massa*usetts call _! great god ,kiehtan47#a7 7#a7 ,arb]1 pp4 #gfg1 #gfh4 ,"h1 !n1 9 ,h]iot 7#aehf71 ,/ra*ey 7#afaa-ab7 & ,w9sl[ 7#afbb71 we f9d fairly h>moni\s acc\nts ( a polydaemonism ) a *ief1 primal1 creative be+ above & beh9d x2 a be+ unnam$1 & ,ahone & ,kiehtan4 ,is all ?is inv5tion8 ,or 0 all ?is d]iv$ f ,europeans be=e #aehf1 &1 if s1 f :at ,europeans8 ,mr4 ,tylor1 9 #ahgc1 wrote1 ,aft] due all[ance made = misr5d]+ ( savage answ]s1 & importation ( :ite m5's ?\ghts1 x c h>dly be judg$ t a div9e be+1 ^: *>act]i/ics are (t5 s unlike :at ,european int]c\rse w\ld h sugge/$1 & :o is he>d ( by su* e>ly explor]s among su* di/ant tribes1 c\ld be a deity ( =eign orig94 ,,n[1 he c ,,h>dly be ,,altoge!r a deity ( =eign orig947#a7 ,i agree ) ,mr4 ,tylor's e>li] /atem5t4 ,9 my op9ion ,ahone--,okeus1 ,kiehtan--,hobamock1 correspond1 ! fir/ pair to ! usually unse5 ,au/ralian ,baiame 7a cry/al or hypnotic vision ( ,baiame sc>cely c\nts71 :ile ! second pair1 ,okeus & ,hobamock1 answ] to ! ,au/ralian famili>s ( sorc]]s1 ,ko9 & ,brew92 ! ,am]ican ,p[]s be+ ^? ( peoples on a high] level ( culture4 ,l ,?>ramulun :]e ,baiame is supreme1 ,hobamock appe>s z a snake 7,asclepius74 7#a7 ,prim4 ,cult41 ii4 #cdj1 #ahgc1 #ahib4 ,= all ^! reasons ,i am incl9$ to accept ,/ra*ey's ,ahone z a v]itable elem5t 9 ,virg9ian belief4 ,)\t temple or s]vice1 su* a be+ 0 n conspicu\s1 l ,okee & o!r gods :i* _h idols & sacrifices4 ,z f> z ,i see1 ,/ra*ey has no !ory to s]ve by inv5t+ ,ahone4 ,he asks h[ any races if desc5d$ f ! p ( ! fir/ creation1 %\ld ma9ta9 s g5]al & gross a defection f ! true k ( ,god4 ,he is r$uc$ to suppose t1 z desc5dants ( ,ham1 !y inh]it ! ignorance ( true godl9ess4 7p4 #de74 ,! *ildr5 ( ,%em & ,japhe? alone reta9$1 until ! com+ ( ! ,messias1 ! only k ( ! et]nal & nev]-*ang+ ,tr9ity4 ,! ,virg9ians1 on ! o!r h&1 fell heir to ! ignorance1 & fe>ful & sup]/iti\s in/9ct ( nature ( ,ham 7p4 #dj74 ,ahone1 !re=e1 is n inv5t$ by ,/ra*ey to bol/] up a !ory 7held by ,/ra*ey71 ( an inh]it$ revelation1 or ( a s5sus num9is :i* c\ld n g wrong4 ,unless a pro( be giv5 t ,/ra*ey _h a !ory1 or any o!r purpose1 to s]ve by inv5t+ ,ahone1 ,i _c at pres5t come into ! op9ion t he gratuit\sly fabl$1 ?\gh he may h unconsci\sly exagg]at$4 ,:at 7 ,/ra*ey's s\rces8 ,he 0 = n9e mon?s1 if n m1 9 ! colony3 he _h travell$ at lea/ #aae miles up ! ,james ,riv]1 he occasionally sugge/s modifications ( ,smi?'s map1 he ref]s to ,smi?'s adv5tures1 & 8 gloss>y is v mu* l>g] ?an ,smi?'s2 its accuracy ,i leave to ,am]ican l+ui/s4 ,su* a witness1 despite 8 admitt$ use ( ,smi?'s text 7if x is really all by ,smi? ?r\gh\t7 is n to be despis$1 & he is n despis$ 9 ,am]ica47#a7 ,/ra*ey1 x is true1 _h n1 l ,smi?1 be5 captur$ by ,indians & ei!r treat$ ) p]fect k9dness & consid]ation 7z ,smi? report$ at ! "t71 or ti$ to a tree & ?reat5$ ) arr[s1 & laid out to h 8 head knock$ 9 ) a /one2 z he alleg$ sixte5 ye>s lat]6 ,/ra*ey1 n be+ captur$1 did n owe 8 release 7#a7 to ! magnanimity ( ,p[hattan1 7#b7 to 8 own +5i\s lies1 7#c7 to ! int]cession ( ,pocahontas1 z ,smi?1 & 8 fri5ds = him1 at v>i\s dates inconsi/5tly decl>$4 ,smi? c]ta9ly saw m ( ! natives at home3 ,/ra*ey br\ght a m /udi\s m9d to :at he c\ld le>n ( _! cu/oms & ideas2 & is n a convict$ bragg>t4 ,i conjecture t "o ( ,/ra*ey's s\rces 0 a native nam$ ,kemps4 ,smi? _h seiz$ ,kemps & ,k9sock 9 #afji4 ,unkn[n au?orities 7,p[ell8 & ,todkill87 repres5t ^! two savages z ! mo/ exact villa9es 9 ! c\ntry47#b7 ,!y 7 made to lab\r 9 fett]s1 !n 7 set at lib]ty1 b little desir$ x47#c7 ,"s s\ldi]s ran away to ! lib]at$ ,kemps1 :o br\ght !m back to ,smi?47#d7 ,:y ,kemps & 8 fri5d are call$ two ( ! mo/ exact villa9s 9 ! c\ntry does n appe>4 ,kemps di$ ( ! surveye 7scurvey1 probably7 at ,jame/[n1 9 #afaj-aa4 ,he 0 mu* made ( by ,"l ,de la ,w>r1 c\ld speak a pretty deal ( our ,engli%1 & came ord]ly to *ur* e day to pray]s4 ,he gave ,/ra*ey ! names ( ,p[hattan's wives1 & told him1 truly or n1 t ,pocahontas 0 m>ri$1 ab\t #afaj1 to an ,indian nam$ ,koc\m47#e7 ,i (f] ! guess t ,kemps & ,ma*umps1 :o came & w5t f ,pocahontas1 & recit$ an ,indian pray] :i* ,/ra*ey neglect$ to copy out1 may h be5 among ,/ra*ey's au?orities4 ,i %all1 ( c\rse1 be told t ,kemps pick$ up ,ahone at *ur*4 ,?is did n /rike ,/ra*ey z be+ ! fact2 he _h no op9ion ( ! cre$ 9 :i* ,ahone 0 a factor1 ! mis]y & ?raldome "u :i* ,sa?an has b\nd ^! wret*$ miscreants4 ,accord+ to ,/ra*ey1 ! prie/s1 f> f borr[+ any "p ( our fai?1 fe>e & tremble le/ ! k ( ,god1 & ( our ,savi\r ,jesus ,*ri/ be taught 9 ^! p>ts4 7#a7 ,arb]1 cxvii4 ,/ra*ey m5tions t 7be=e 8 arrival 9 ,virg9ia7 ,pocahontas turn$ c>t-:eels1 nak$1 9 ,jame/[n1 be+ !n "u twelve1 & n yet we>+ ! apron4 ,smi? says %e 0 t5 9 #afjh1 b does n m5tion ! c>t-:eels4 ,lat]1 he f\nd x conv5i5t to put h] age at twelve or ?irte5 9 #afjh4 ,mo/ ,am]ican s*ol>s1 su* z ,mr4 ,adams1 entirely di/ru/ ! romantic lat] n>ratives ( ,smi?4 7#b7 ,! ,proee$+s1 etc41 by ,w4 ,s4 ,arb]1 p4 #aea4 7#c7 ,ibid41 p4 #aee4 7#d7 ,ibid41 p4 #aeg4 7#e7 ,/ra*ey1 pp4 #ed1 #ee4 ,/ra*ey is !re=e = putt+ d[n ! prie/s1 &1 l ,smi? 7inde$ "h borr[+ f ,smi?71 accuses !m ( sacrific+ *ildr54 ,to ,smi?'s /atem5t t su* a rite 0 work$ at ,quiy\gh-cohanock1 ,/ra*ey adds t ,sir ,george ,p]cy 7:o 0 ) ,smi?7 0 at1 & obs]v$ a simil> my/]y at ,kec\ghtan4 ,x is pla9 t ! rite 0 n a sacrifice1 b a ,bora1 or initiation1 & ! p>allel ( ! ,sp>tan flogg+ ( boys1 ) ! retreat ( ! boys & _! in/ructors1 is v close1 &1 ( c\rse1 unnot$ by classical s*ol>s except ,mr4 ,fraz]4 ,/ra*ey ends ) ! critical rem>k t we %all n "k all ! c]ta9ty ( ! religion & my/]ies till we c capture "s ( ! prie/s1 or ,quiy\gh-quisocks4 ,/ud5ts :o h access to a good libr>y ( ,am]icana may d m to elucidate ,ahone4 ,i reg>d him z 9 a l9e ) ,kiehtan & ! ,god spok5 ( by ,h]iot1 & d n believe 7#a7 t ,/ra*ey li$2 7#b7 t natives deceiv$ ,/ra*ey2 7#c7 t ,ahone 0 borr[$ f ! ,god ( ,capta9 ,smi?4 ,,my?1 ,,ritual1 ,,& ,,religion4 ,,*apt] ,i4 ,,sy/ems ,,( ,,my?ology4 ,def9itions ( religion--,contradictory evid5ce--,belief 9 spiritual be+s--,objection to ,mr4 ,tylor's def9ition--,def9ition z reg>ds ?is argum5t--,problem3 ! contradiction betwe5 religion & my?--,two human moods--,examples--,case ( ,greece--,anci5t my?ologi/s--,criticism by ,eusebius--,mod]n my?ological sy/ems--,mr4 ,max ,mull]--,mannh>dt4 ,! ^w ,religion may be1 & has be51 employ$ 9 _m diff]5t s5ses1 & ) a p]plex+ wid? ( significance4 ,no attempt to def9e ! ^w is likely to be q satisfactory1 b almo/ any def9ition may s]ve ! purpose ( an argum5t1 if ! writ] :o employs x /ates 8 mean+ frankly & adh]es to x /eadily4 ,an example ( ! confusions :i* may arise f ! use ( ! t]m religion is famili> to /ud5ts4 ,dr4 ,j4 ,d4 ,lang wrote conc]n+ ! native races ( ,au/ralia3 ,!y h no?+ :atev] ( ! "* ( religion1 or ( religi\s obs]vances1 to di/+ui% !m f ! bea/s t p]i%4 ,yet 9 ! same book ,dr4 ,lang publi%$ evid5ce assign+ to ! natives belief 9 ,turramullun1 ! *ief ( demons1 :o is ! au?or ( disease1 mis*ief & wisdom47#a7 ,! belief 9 a sup]human au?or ( disease1 mis*ief & wisdom is c]ta9ly a religi\s belief n conspicu\sly held by ! bea/s2 yet all religion 0 d5i$ to ! ,au/ralians by ! v au?or :o pr9ts 79 h[ev] errone\s a /yle7 an acc\nt ( "p ( _! cre$4 ,?is writ] m]ely inh]it$ ! old mission>y habit ( speak+ ab\t ! god ( a non-,*ri/ian p z a demon or an evil _s4 7#a7 ,see ,primitive ,culture1 second edition1 i4 #dai4 ,dr4 ,lang's negative op9ion 0 contradict$ 9 te/imony publi%$ by himself1 an app5dix by ! ,rev4 ,mr4 ,ridley1 conta9+ evid5ce ( ! belief 9 ,baiame4 ,^? :o h le>n$ t ',god' is ! "n by :i* we speak ( ! ,creator1 say t ,baiame is ,god47#a7 7#a7 ,lang's ,que5sl&1 p4 #dde1 #ahfa4 ,z a m9imum def9ition ( religion1 ,mr4 ,tylor has sugge/$ ! belief 9 spiritual be+s4 ,aga9/ ?is x may be urg$ t1 :ile we h no def9ite c]ta9ty t any race ( m5 is de/itute ( belief 9 spiritual be+s1 yet c]ta9 moral & creative deities ( l[ races d n seem to be envisag$ z spiritual at all4 ,!y are reg>d$ z ,,exi/5ces1 z ,,be+s1 uncondition$ by ,"t1 ,space1 or ,dea?1 & nobody appe>s to h put ! purely metaphysical "q1 ,are ^! be+s spiritual or mat]ial87#a7 ,n[1 if a race 7 discov]$ :i* believ$ 9 su* be+s1 yet _h no fai? 9 spirits1 t race c\ld n be call$ irreligi\s1 z x w\ld h to be call$ 9 ,mr4 ,tylor's m9imum def9ition4 ,almo/ c]ta9ly1 no race 9 ?is /age ( belief 9 no?+ b uncondition$ b n expressly spiritual be+s is extant4 ,yet su* a belief may conceivably h exi/$ be=e m5 _h develop$ ! !ory ( spirits at all1 & su* a belief1 9 creative & moral uncondition$ be+s1 n alleg$ to be spiritual1 c\ld n be exclud$ f a def9ition ( religion47#b7 7#a7 ,see ,! ,mak+ ( ,religion1 pp4 #bja-baj4 7#b7 ,! hi/ory ( ! ,jews1 nay1 ! hi/ory ( our own m9d1 proves to demon/ration t ! ?\ght ( ,god is a f> easi] ?\ght1 & a f> e>li]1 ?an t ( a _s4 ,fa!r ,tyrrell1 ,s4 ,j41 ,! ,mon?1 ,octob]1 #ahih4 ,z to ! ,jews1 ! "q is debat$4 ,z to our own infancy1 we are c]ta9ly taught ab\t ,god be=e we are likely to be capable ( ! metaphysical notion ( _s4 ,b we c sc>cely reason f *ildr5 9 ,*ri/ian h\ses to ! infancy ( ! race4 ,= ^! reasons we propose 7m]ely = ! purpose ( ! pres5t "w7 to def9e religion z ! belief 9 a primal be+1 a ,mak]1 undy+1 usually moral1 )\t d5y+ t ! belief 9 spiritual be+s1 ev5 if immoral1 may be /yl$ religi\s4 ,our def9ition is expressly fram$ = ! purpose ( ! argum5t1 because t argum5t endeav\rs to br+ into view ! ess5tial conflict betwe5 religion & my?4 ,we int5d to %[ t ?is conflict betwe5 ! religi\s & ! my?ical conception is pres5t1 n only 7:]e x has be5 univ]sally recognis$7 9 ! fai?s ( ! anci5t civilis$ peoples1 z 9 ,greece1 ,rome1 ,india & ,egypt1 b also 9 ! ideas ( ! l[e/ kn[n savages4 ,x may1 ( c\rse1 be argu$ t ! belief 9 ,creator is itself a my?4 ,h[ev] t may be1 ! attitude ( awe1 & ( moral ob$i5ce1 9 face ( su* a suppos$ be+1 is religi\s 9 ! s5se ( ! ,*ri/ian religion1 :]eas ! fabrication ( fanciful1 humor\s1 & wildly irrational fables ab\t t be+1 or o!rs1 is ess5tially my?ical 9 ! ord9>y significance ( t ^w1 ?\gh n abs5t f popul> ,*ri/ianity4 ,n[1 ! :ole crux & puzzle ( my?ology is1 ,:y1 hav+ atta9$ 79 :atev] way7 to a belief 9 an undy+ gu>dian1 ',ma/] ( ,life1' did mank9d set to "w to evolve a *ronique sc&aleuse ab\t ,,him8 ,& :y is t *ronique ! elaborately absurd set ( leg5ds :i* we f9d 9 all my?ologies8 ,9 answ]+1 or try+ to answ]1 ^! que/ions1 we _c g beh9d ! beliefs ( ! races n[ mo/ imm]s$ 9 savage ignorance4 ,ab\t ! psy*ology ( races yet m undevelop$ we c h no hi/orical k4 ,among ! l[e/ kn[n tribes we usually f9d1 j z 9 anci5t ,greece1 ! belief 9 a dea?less ,fa!r1 ,ma/]1 ,mak]1 & also ! cr[d ( humor\s1 obsc5e1 fanciful my?s :i* are 9 flagrant contradiction ) ! religi\s "* ( t belief4 ,t belief is :at we call rational1 & ev5 elevat$4 ,! my?s1 on ! o!r h&1 are :at we call irrational & debas+4 ,we reg>d l[ savages z v irrational & debas$ *>act]s1 consequ5tly ! nature ( _! my?s does n surprise u4 ,_! religi\s conception1 h[ev]1 ( a ,fa!r or ,ma/] ( ,life seems out ( keep+ ) ! nature ( ! savage m9d z we und]/& x4 ,/ill1 !re ! religi\s conception actually is1 & x seems to foll[ t we d n :olly und]/& ! savage m9d1 or its unkn[n antec$5ts4 ,9 any case1 !re ! facts are1 z %all be demon/rat$4 ,h[ev] ! ance/ors ( ,au/ralians1 or ,&amanese1 or ,hurons arriv$ at _! highe/ religi\s conception1 !y decid$ly possess x47#a7 ,! developm5t ( _! my?ical conceptions is acc\nt$ = by ^? qualities ( _! m9ds :i* we d und]/&1 & %all illu/rate at l5g?4 ,= ! pres5t1 we c only say t ! religi\s conception uprises f ! human intellect 9 "o mood1 t ( e>ne/ contemplation & submission3 :ile ! my?ical ideas uprise f ano!r mood1 t ( playful & erratic fancy4 ,^! two moods are conspicu\s ev5 9 ,*ri/ianity4 ,! =m]1 t ( e>ne/ & submissive contemplation1 decl>es itself 9 pray]s1 hymns1 & ! dim religi\s light ( ca!drals4 ,! second mood1 t ( playful & erratic fancy1 is conspicu\s 9 ! buffoon]y ( ,miracle ,plays1 9 ,m>*51 ^! burlesque popul> tales ab\t our ,"l & ! ,apo/les1 & 9 ! hide\s & grotesque sculptures on sacr$ edifices4 ,! two moods are pres5t1 & 9 conflict1 ?r\gh ! :ole religi\s hi/ory ( ! human race4 ,!y /& z ne> ea* o!r1 & z f> ap>t1 z ,love & ,lu/4 7#a7 ,! hypo!sis t ! conception 0 borr[$ f ,european cre$s w be discuss$ lat]4 ,see1 too1 ,are ,savage ,gods borr[$ f ,mission>ies8 ,n9ete5? ,c5tury1 ,janu>y1 #ahii4 ,x w lat] be %[n t ev5 "s ( ! mo/ backw>d savages make a p]haps half-consci\s di/9ction betwe5 _! my?ology & _! religion4 ,z to ! =m]1 !y are communicative2 z to ! latt]1 !y jeal\sly gu>d _! secret 9 sacr$ my/]ies4 ,x is improbable t reflective black fell[s h be5 morally %ock$ by ! flagrant contradictions betwe5 _! religi\s conceptions & _! my?ical /ories ( ! div9e be+s4 ,b human ?\ght c\ld n come into explicit cle>ness ( consci\sness )\t produc+ ! s5se ( %ock & surprise at ^! contradictions betwe5 ! ,religion & ! ,my? ( ! same god4 ,( ?is we proce$ to give examples4 ,9 ,greece1 z e>ly z ! six? c5tury ,b4 ,c41 we are all famili> ) ,x5ophanes' poem7#a7 compla9+ t ! gods 7 cr$it$ ) ! wor/ crimes ( mortals--9 fact1 ) abom9ations only kn[n 9 ! orgies ( ,n]o & ,elagabalus4 ,we he> ,p9d> refus+ to repeat ! tale :i* told him ! bless$ 7 cannibals47#b7 ,9 ,india we read ! pi\s ,brahmanic attempts to exp\nd dec5tly ! my?s :i* made ,indra ! slay] ( a ,brahman2 ! s9n]1 t is1 ( ! unp>donable s94 ,9 ,egypt1 too1 we /udy ! prie/ly or philosophic sy/ems by :i* ! cl]gy /rove to /rip ! burd5 ( absurdity & sacrilege f _! own deities4 ,f all ^! ef=ts ( civilis$ & pi\s believ]s to expla9 away ! /ories ab\t _! own gods we may inf] "o fact--! mo/ important to ! /ud5t ( my?ology--! fact t my?s 7 n evolv$ 9 times ( cle> civilis$ ?\ght4 ,x is :5 ,greece is j beg9n+ to free h] ?\ght f ! bondage ( too concrete language1 :5 %e is /riv+ to co9 ab/ract t]ms1 t h] philosoph]s & poets fir/ f9d ! my?s ( ,greece a /umbl+-block4 7#a7 ,ritt] & ,prell]1 ,hi/4 ,philos41 ,go?ae1 #ahfi1 p4 #hb4 7#b7 ,olympic ,odes1 i41 ,my]s's translation3 ,to me x is impossible to call "o ( ! bless$ gods a cannibal4444 ,meet x is = a man t conc]n+ ! gods he speak hon\rably1 = ! reproa* is less4 ,( !e1 son ( ,tantalus1 ,i w speak contr>iwise to !m :o h gone be=e me4 ,9 avoid+ ! /ory ( ! cannibal god1 h[ev]1 ,p9d> tells a tale ev5 m (f5sive to our morality4 ,all e>ly attempts at an int]pretation ( my?ology are s _m ef=ts to expla9 ! my?s on "s pr9ciple :i* %all seem n unreasonable to m5 liv+ at ! "t ( ! explanation4 ,!re=e ! pi\s remon/rances & ! =c$ con/ructions ( e>ly ?9k]s l ,x5ophanes1 ( poets l ,p9d>1 ( all anci5t ,hom]ic s*ol>s & ,pagan apologi/s1 f ,!ag5es ( ,rhegium 7#ebe ,b4 ,c471 ! e>ly ,hom]ic comm5tator1 to ,porphyry1 almo/ ! la/ ( ! hea!n philosoph]s1 are s _m pro(s t to ,greece1 z soon z %e _h a reflective lit]ature1 ! my?s ( ,greece seem$ impi\s & ,,irrational4 ,! essays ( ! native comm5tators on ! ,v$a1 9 ! same way1 are endeav\rs to put into my?s felt to be irrational & impi\s a mean+ :i* does n (f5d ei!r piety or reason4 ,we may !re=e conclude t x 0 n m5 9 an e>ly /age ( philosophic ?\ght 7z philosophy is n[ und]/ood7--n m5 l ,emp$ocles & ,h]aclitus1 nor reasonably dev\t m5 l ,eumaeus1 ! pi\s sw9eh]d ( ! ,odyssey--:o evolv$ ! blasphem\s my?s ( ,greece1 ( ,egypt & ( ,india4 ,we mu/ look else:]e = an explanation4 ,we mu/ try to discov] "s actual & demon/rable & widely preval5t condition ( ! human m9d1 9 :i* tales t ev5 to remote & rudim5t>y civilisations appe>$ irrational & unnatural w\ld seem natural & rational4 ,to discov] ?is intellectual condition has be5 ! aim ( all my?ologi/s :o did n believe t my? is a div9e tradition deprav$ by human weakness1 or a di/ort$ v]sion ( hi/orical ev5ts4 ,be=e go+ fur!r1 x is desirable to set =? :at our aim is1 & to :at ext5t we are seek+ an int]pretation ( my?ology4 ,x is n our purpose to expla9 e detail ( e anci5t leg5d1 ei!r z a di/ort$ hi/orical fact or z ! result ( ?is or t confusion ( ?\ght caus$ by =getfulness ( ! mean+s ( language1 or 9 any o!r way2 nay1 we mu/ con/antly prote/ aga9/ ! excursions ( too v5turesome +5uity4 ,my? is s anci5t1 s complex1 s full ( elem5ts1 t x is va9 lab\r to seek a cause = e ph5om5on4 ,we are *iefly occupi$ ) ! que/ = an hi/orical condition ( ! human intellect to :i* ! elem5t 9 my?s1 reg>d$ by u z irrational1 %all seem rational en\gh4 ,if we c prove t su* a /ate ( m9d widely exi/s among m51 & has exi/$1 t /ate ( m9d may be provisionally consid]$ z ! f\nt & ,,orig9 ( ! my?s :i* h always p]plex$ m5 9 a reasonable mod]n m5tal condition4 ,aga91 if x c be %[n t ?is m5tal /age 0 "o ?r\gh :i* all civilis$ races h pass$1 ! univ]sality ( ! my?opoeic m5tal condition w to "s ext5t expla9 ! univ]sal ,,diffusion ( ! /ories4 ,n[1 9 all my?ologies1 :e!r savage or civilis$1 & 9 all religions :]e my?s intrude1 !re exi/ two factors--! factor :i* we n[ reg>d z rational1 & t :i* we mod]ns reg>d z irrational4 ,! =m] elem5t ne$s little explanation2 ! latt] has dem&$ explanation ev] s9ce human ?\ght became comp>atively in/ruct$ & ab/ract4 ,to take an example2 ev5 9 ! my?s ( savages !re is mu* t /ill seems rational & transp>5t4 ,if savages tell u t "s wise be+ taught !m all ! simple arts ( life1 ! use ( fire1 ( ! b[ & arr[1 ! b>b+ ( hooks1 & s =?1 we und]/& !m at once4 ,no?+ c be m natural ?an t man %\ld believe 9 an orig9al inv5tor ( ! arts1 & %\ld tell tales ab\t ! imag9>y discov]]s if ! real h]oes be =gott54 ,s f> all is pla9 sail+4 ,b :5 ! savage goes on to say t he :o taught ! use ( fire or :o gave ! fir/ m>riage laws 0 a rabbit or a cr[1 or a dog1 or a beav]1 or a spid]1 !n we are at once face to face ) ! elem5t 9 my?s :i* seems to u ,,irrational4 ,aga91 among civilis$ peoples we read ( ! pure all-see+ ,v>una 9 ! ,v$as1 to :om s9 is an (f5ce4 ,we read ( ,indra1 ! ,"l ( ,?und]1 borne 9 8 *>iot1 ! giv] ( victory1 ! giv] ( weal? to ! pi\s2 "h once m all seems natural & pla94 ,! notion ( a deity :o guides ! :irlw9d & directs ! /orm1 a god ( battles1 a god :o blesses righte\sness1 is famili> to u & intelligible2 b :5 we read h[ ,indra drank himself drunk & committ$ adult]ies ) ,asura wom51 & got himself born f ! same womb z a bull1 & *ang$ himself into a quail or a ram1 & suff]$ f ! mo/ abject physical t]ror1 & s =?1 !n we are among my?s no long] readily intelligible2 "h1 we feel1 are ,,irrational /ories1 ( :i* ! orig9al ideas1 9 _! natural s5se1 c h>dly h be5 conceiv$ by m5 9 a pure & rational e>ly civilisation4 ,aga91 9 ! religions ( ev5 ! l[e/ races1 su* my?s z ^! are 9 contradiction ) ! e?ical elem5ts ( ! fai?4 ,if we look at ,greek religi\s tradition1 we obs]ve ! coexi/5ce ( ! ,,rational & ! app>5tly ,,irrational elem5ts4 ,! ,,rational my?s are ^? :i* repres5t ! gods z beautiful & wise be+s4 ,! ,artemis ( ! ,odyssey tak+ h] pa/ime 9 ! *ase ( bo>s & swift de]1 :ile ) h] ! wild wood-nymphs disport !m1 & high ov] !m all %e re>s h] br[1 & is easily to be kn[n :]e all are fair17#a7 is a p]fectly ,,rational my?ic repres5tation ( a div9e be+4 ,we feel1 ev5 n[1 t ! conception ( a que5 & goddess1 *a/e & fair1 ! abbess1 z ,paul de ,sa9t-,victor calls h]1 ( ! woodl&s1 is a beautiful & natural fancy1 :i* requires no explanation4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ! ,artemis ( ,arcadia1 :o is confus$ ) ! nymph ,calli/o1 :o1 aga91 is said to h become a %e-be>1 & lat] a />2 & ! ,brauronian ,artemis1 ^: maid5 m9i/]s danc$ a be>-dance17#b7 are goddesses ^: leg5d seems unnatural1 & ne$s to be made intelligible4 ,or1 aga91 !re is no?+ n explicable & natural 9 ! conception ( ! ,olympian ,zeus z repres5t$ by ! great *ryselephant9e /atue ( ,zeus at ,olympia1 or 9 ! ,hom]ic conception ( ,zeus z a god :o turns ev]y:]e 8 %9+ eyes1 & beholds all ?+s1 & protects ! righte\s1 & deals good or evil =tune to m54 ,b ! ,zeus ^: grave 0 %[n 9 ,crete1 or ! ,zeus :o play$ ,demet] an obsc5e trick by ! aid ( a ram1 or ! ,zeus :o1 9 ! %ape ( a swan1 became ! fa!r ( ,ca/or & ,pollux1 or ! ,zeus :o deceiv$ ,h]a by means ( a feign$ m>riage ) an inanimate object1 or ! ,zeus :o 0 afraid ( ,attes1 or ! ,zeus :o made love to wom5 9 ! %ape ( an ant or a cuckoo1 is a be+ ^: my? is felt to be unnatural & bewild]+47#c7 ,x is ?is ,,irrational & unnatural elem5t1 z ,mr4 ,max ,mull] says1 ! silly1 s5seless1 & savage elem5t1 t makes my?ology ! puzzle :i* m5 h s long f\nd x4 ,=1 obs]ve1 ,greek my? does n repres5t m]ely a humor\s play ( fancy1 deal+ ) ?+s religi\sly sacr$ z if by way ( relief f ! /ra9$ rev]5tial contemplation ( ! maje/y ( ,zeus4 ,_m /ories ( ,greek my?ology are su* z c\ld n cross1 = ! fir/ "t1 ! m9d ( a civilis$ ,x5ophanes or ,!ag5es1 ev5 9 a dream4 ,,?is 0 ! real puzzle4 7#a7 ,odyssey1 vi4 #ajb4 7#b7 7,greek ^w omitt$72 comp>e ,h>pokration on ?is ^w4 7#c7 ,^! are ! features 9 my? :i* provoke1 = example1 ! wond] ( ,em]ic-,david4 ,! liz>d1 ! wolf1 ! dog1 ! ass1 ! frog1 & all ! o!r brutes s common on religi\s monum5ts ev]y:]e1 d !y n all imply a ,,?\ght :i* we mu/ div9e8 ,he concludes t ^! animals1 plants1 & mon/]s ( my?s are s _m enigmas & symbols veil+ "s deep1 sacr$ idea1 allegories ( "s esot]ic religi\s cre$4 ,jupit]1 ,p>is1 #ahcb1 p4 lxxvii4 ,we h (f]$ examples--,savage1 ,indian1 & ,greek--( t elem5t 9 my?ology :i*1 z all civilis$ races h felt1 dem&s explanation4 ,to be /ill m explicit1 we may draw up a brief li/ ( ! *ief problems 9 ! leg5d>y /ories atta*$ to ! old religions ( ! _w--! problems :i* x is our special purpose to notice4 ,fir/ we h1 9 ! my?s ( all races1 ! mo/ grotesque conceptions ( ! "* ( gods :5 my?ically envisag$4 ,be+s :o1 9 religion1 leave little to be desir$1 & are spok5 ( z holy1 immortal1 omnisci5t1 & k9dly1 are1 9 my?1 repres5t$ z fa%ion$ 9 ! lik5ess n only ( man1 b ( ! bea/s2 z subject to dea?1 z ignorant & impi\s4 ,mo/ pre-,*ri/ian religions _h _! zoomorphic or p>tially zoomorphic idols1 gods 9 ! %ape ( ! l[] animals1 or ) ! heads & necks ( ! l[] animals4 ,9 ! same way all my?ologies repres5t ! gods z fond ( appe>+ 9 animal =ms4 ,"u ^! disguises !y conduct _m am\rs1 ev5 ) ! daught]s ( m51 & ,greek h\ses 7 pr\d ( _! desc5t f ,zeus 9 ! %ape ( an eagle or ant1 a s]p5t or a swan2 :ile ,cronus & ! ,v$ic ,tva%tri & ,poseidon made love z horses1 & ,apollo z a dog4 ,n less wild are ! leg5ds ab\t ! bir?s ( gods f ! ?igh1 or ! head1 or feet1 or armpits ( "s p>5t2 :ile tales describ+ & pictures repres5t+ unspeakable div9e obsc5ities 7 frequ5t 9 ! my?ology & 9 ! temples ( ,greece4 ,once m1 ! gods 7 said to possess & ex]cise ! p[] ( turn+ m5 & wom5 into birds1 bea/s1 fi%es1 trees1 & /ones1 s t !re 0 sc>cely a famili> natural object 9 ! ,greek _w :i* _h n once 7accord+ to leg5d7 be5 a man or a woman4 ,! my?s ( ! orig9 ( ! _w & man1 aga91 7 9 ! la/ degree *ildi% & disgu/+4 ,! ,bu%m5 & ,au/ralians h1 p]haps1 no /ory ( ! orig9 ( species q s b>b>\s 9 /yle z ! anecdotes ab\t ,phanes & ,prajapati :i* are pres]v$ 9 ! ,orphic hymns & 9 ! ,brahmanas4 ,! conduct ( ! e>li] dyna/ies ( classical gods t[>ds ea* o!r 0 z notori\sly cruel & loa?some z _! behavi\r t[>ds mortals 0 tricksy & caprici\s4 ,! classical gods1 ) all _! immortal might1 are1 by a my?ical contradiction ( ! religi\s conception1 reg>d$ z capable ( fe> & pa91 & are l$ into scrapes z ludicr\s z ^? ( ,br] ,wolf or ,br] ,t]rap9 9 ! tales ( ! ,negroes ( ! ,s\!rn ,/ates ( ,am]ica4 ,! />s1 aga91 9 my?ology1 are mix$ up ) bea/s1 planets & m5 9 ! same embroglio ( fanta/ic op9ion4 ,! dead & ! liv+1 m51 bea/s & gods1 trees & />s1 & riv]s1 & sun1 & moon1 dance ?r\gh ! region ( my?s 9 a burlesque ballet ( ,priapus1 :]e ev]y?+ may be any?+1 :]e nature has no laws & imag9ation no limits4 ,su* are ! irrational *>act]i/ics ( my?s1 classic or ,indian1 ,european or ,am]ican1 ,african or ,asiatic1 ,au/ralian or ,maori4 ,su* is "o elem5t we f9d all ! _w ov] among civilis$ & savage p1 quod semp]1 quod ubique1 quod ab omnibus4 ,x is no wond] t pi\s & reflective m5 h1 9 s _m ages & 9 s _m ways1 tri$ to acc\nt to !mselves = _! possession ( beliefs closely connect$ ) religion :i* yet seem$ ru9\s to religion & morality4 ,! explanations :i* m5 h giv5 ( _! own sacr$ /ories1 ! apologies = _! own gods :i* !y h be5 con/ra9$ to (f] to !mselves1 7 ! e>lie/ babbl+s ( a sci5ce ( my?ology4 ,t sci5ce 01 9 its dim beg9n+s1 int5d$ to satisfy a moral ne$4 ,man f\nd t 8 gods1 :5 my?ically envisag$1 7 n made 9 8 own moral image at its be/1 b 9 ! image sometimes ( ! bea/s1 sometimes ( 8 own moral nature at its v wor/3 9 ! lik5ess ( robb]s1 wiz>ds1 sorc]]s1 & adult]]s4 ,n[1 x is impossible "h to exam9e m9utely all sy/ems ( my?ological int]pretation4 ,e key has be5 tri$ 9 ?is difficult lock2 e cause ( confusion has be5 tak5 up & te/$1 deem$ adequate1 & f9ally reject$ or assign$ a subord9ate place4 ,probably ! fir/ attempts to %ake (f ! burd5 ( religi\s horror at my?ical impiety 7 made by way ( sil5t omission4 ,?us mo/ ( ! f\le/ my?s ( e>ly ,india are abs5t1 & presumably 7 left out1 9 ! ,rig-,v$a4 ,! religi\s s5tim5t ( ! hymns1 already s elevat$1 has disc>d$ mo/ ( ! tales :i* (f5d$ x1 b has n succe$$ 9 disc>d+ !m all47#a7 ,j z ! poets ( ! ,rig-,v$a pref] to avoid ! m (f5sive traditions ab\t ,indra & ,tva%tri1 s ,hom] succe$s 9 avoid+ ! m grotesque & pu]ile tales ab\t 8 own gods47#b7 ,! p]iod ( actual apology comes lat]4 ,p9d> decl9es1 z we h se51 to accuse a god ( cannibalism4 ,! ,satapa?a ,brahmana inv5ts a new /ory ab\t ! slay+ ( ,visv>upa4 ,n ,indra1 b ,trita1 says ! ,brahmana apologetically1 slew ! ?ree-head$ son ( ,tva%tri4 ,indra assur$ly 0 free f t s91 = he is a god1 says ! ,indian apologi/47#c7 ,yet s9s :i* to u appe> f> m mon/r\s ?an ! peccadillo ( kill+ a ?ree-head$ ,brahman are attribut$ freely to ,indra4 7#a7 ,les ,religions de l',inde1 ,b>?1 p4 #ad4 ,see also po/ea1 ,indian ,my?s4 7#b7 ,! reasons = ,hom]'s retic5ce are probably diff]5t 9 diff]5t passages4 ,p]haps 9 "s cases he _h he>d a pur] v]sion ( my? ?an :at rea*$ ,hesiod2 p]haps he sometimes purposely 7l ,p9d>7 purifi$ a my?2 usually he mu/ h select$1 9 con=mity ) ! noble humanity & purity ( 8 ta/e1 ! tales t be/ con=m$ to 8 ideal4 ,he makes 8 deities reluctant to drag out 9 dispute old sc&als ( _! e>ly unh]oic adv5tures1 "s ( :i*1 h[ev]1 he gives1 z ! kick+ ( ,hephae/us out ( heav51 & ! imprisonm5t ( ,ares 9 a vessel ( bronze4 ,comp>e ,pr(essor ,jebb's ,hom]1 p4 #hc3 :atev] ! in/9ct ( ! great arti/ has tol]at$1 at lea/ x has purg$ ^! ?+s away4 t is1 div9e am\rs 9 be/ial =m4 7#c7 ,satapa?a ,brahmana1 ,ox=d1 #ahhb1 vol4 i4 p4 #dg4 ,:ile poets c\ld b omit a blasphem\s tale or sket* an apology 9 pass+1 x became ! bus9ess ( philosoph]s & ( antiqu>ian writ]s delib]ately to :itewa% ! gods ( popul> religion4 ,sy/ematic explanations ( ! sacr$ /ories1 :e!r z pres]v$ 9 poetry or z told by prie/s1 _h to be provid$4 ,india _h h] etymological & h] leg5d>y s*ool ( my?ology47#a7 ,?us1 :ile ! hymn ,,seem$ to tell h[ ! ,m>uts 7 gods1 born toge!r ) ! spott$ de]1 ! etymological int]pret]s expla9$ t ! ^w = de] only meant ! _m-col\r$ l9es ( cl\ds47#b7 ,9 ! arm\ry ( apologetics etymology has be5 ! mo/ s]viceable weapon4 ,x is easy to see t by aid ( etymology ! mo/ repulsive leg5d may be compell$ to yield a pure or h>mless s5se1 & may be expla9$ z an innoc5t blund]1 caus$ by m]e v]bal misund]/&+4 ,brahmans1 ,greeks1 & ,g]mans h equally f\nd com=t 9 ?is hypo!sis4 ,9 ! ,cratylus ( ,plato1 ,socrates speaks ( ! notion ( expla9+ my?s by etymological guesses at ! mean+ ( div9e names z a philosophy :i* came to him all 9 an in/ant4 ,?us we f9d ,socrates %ock$ by ! irrev]5ce :i* /yl$ ,zeus ! son ( ,cronus1 :o is a prov]b = /upidity4 ,b on exam9+ philologically ! "n ,kronos1 ,socrates decides t x mu/ really mean ,koros1 n 9 ! s5se ( a y\?1 b signify+ ! pure & g>ni%$ m9d4 ,!re=e1 :5 p fir/ call$ ,zeus ! son ( ,cronus1 !y meant no?+ irrev]5t1 b only t ,zeus is ! *ild ( ! pure m9d or pure reason4 ,n only is ?is etymological sy/em mo/ pi\s & consolatory1 b x is1 z ,socrates adds1 ( univ]sal application4 ,= n[ ,i be?9k me ( a v new & +5i\s notion1444 t we may put 9 & pull out lett]s at pleasure1 & alt] ! acc5ts47#c7 7#a7 ,rig-,v$a ,sanhita4 ,max ,mull]1 p4 #ei4 7#b7 ,po/ea1 ,indian ,div9e ,my?s4 7#c7 ,j[ett's ,plato1 vol4 i4 pp4 #fcb1 #fgj4 ,socrates1 ( c\rse1 speaks m ?an half 9 irony1 b !re is a c]ta9 tru? 9 8 acc\nt ( etymological analysis & its dep5d5ce on individual ta/es & preconceiv$ !ory4 ,! anci5t classical s*ools ( my?ological int]pretation1 ?\gh unsci5tific & unsuccessful1 are n )\t int]e/4 ,we f9d philosoph]s & gramm>ians look+1 j z we ourselves are look+1 = "s condition ( ! human intellect out ( :i* ! absurd elem5t 9 my?s might conceivably h sprung4 ,v naturally ! philosoph]s suppos$ t ! human be+s 9 ^: bra9 & spee* my?s _h _! orig9 mu/ h be5 philosoph]s l !mselves--intellig5t1 educat$ p]sons4 ,b su* p]sons1 !y argu$1 c\ld nev] h meant to tell /ories ab\t ! gods s full ( nons5se & blasphemy4 ,!re=e ! nons5se & blasphemy mu/ orig9ally h _h "s h>mless1 or ev5 praisewor?y1 s5se4 ,:at c\ld t s5se h be58 ,?is "q ea* anci5t my?ologi/ answ]$ 9 accordance ) 8 own ta/e & prejudices1 & above all1 & l all o!r & lat] speculators1 9 h>mony ) ! g5]al t5d5cy ( 8 own /udies4 ,if he liv$ :5 physical speculation 0 com+ into fa%ion1 z 9 ! age ( ,emp$ocles1 he ?\ght t ! ,hom]ic poems mu/ conta9 a veil$ acc\nt ( physical philosophy4 ,?is 0 ! op9ion ( ,!ag5es ( ,rhegium1 :o wrote at a p]iod :5 a crude physicism 0 dis5gag+ itself f ! e>li] religi\s & my?ical cosmogonic sy/ems ( ,greece4 ,!ag5es 0 %ock$ by ! ,hom]ic description ( ! battle 9 :i* ! gods f\ght z allies ( ! ,a*aeans & ,trojans4 ,he !re=e expla9$ away ! affair z a veil$ acc\nt ( ! /rife ( ! elem5ts4 ,su* /rife 0 famili> to read]s ( ! physical speculations ( ,emp$ocles & ( ,h]aclitus1 :o blam$ ,hom] = 8 pray] aga9/ ,/rife47#a7 7#a7 ,is4 et ,osir41 #dh4 ,x did n occur to ,!ag5es to ask :e!r any evid5ce exi/$ to %[ t ! pre-,hom]ic ,greeks 7 ,emp$oclean or ,h]aclitean philosoph]s4 ,he readily prov$ to himself t ,apollo1 ,helios1 & ,hephae/us 7 allegorical repres5tations1 l :at su* philosoph]s w\ld feign1--( fire1 t ,h]a 0 air1 ,poseidon wat]1 ,artemis ! moon1 & ! re/ he dispos$ ( 9 ! same fa%ion47#a7 7#a7 ,s*olia on ,iliad1 xx4 #fg4 ,d9dorf 7#ahgg71 vol4 iv4 p4 #bca4 ,?is mann] ( apologetics is z old z ,!ag5es ( ,rhegium4 ,hom] (f]s !ological doctr9e 9 ! guise ( physical allegory4 ,metrodorus1 aga91 turn$ n only ! gods1 b ! ,hom]ic h]oes into elem5tal comb9ations & physical ag5cies2 = !re is no?+ new 9 ! my?ological philosophy rec5tly popul>1 :i* saw ! sun1 & ! cl\d1 & ! w9d 9 ,a*illes1 ,a!ne1 & ,h]mes47#a7 7#a7 ,grote1 ,hi/1 ( ,greece1 ed4 #ahfi1 i4 p4 #djd4 ,9 ! ,bac*ae 7#bia-big71 ,euripides puts ano!r ( ! my?ological sy/ems ( 8 own "t into ! m\? ( ,cadmus1 ! ,!ban k+1 :o advances a philological explanation ( ! /ory t ,dionysus 0 sewn up 9 ! ?igh ( ,zeus4 ,! mo/ fam\s ( ! lat] !ories 0 t ( ,euhem]us 7#caf ,b4,c474 ,9 a k9d ( philosophical romance1 ,euhem]us decl>$ t he _h sail$ to "s ,no-man's-l&1 ,pan*aea1 :]e he f\nd ! v]ity ab\t my?ical times engrav$ on pill>s ( bronze4 ,?is tru? he publi%$ 9 ! ,sacra ,hi/oria1 :]e he rationalis$ ! fables1 av]r+ t ! gods _h be5 m51 & t ! my?s 7 exagg]at$ & di/ort$ records ( facts4 7,see ,eusebius1 ,praep4 ,e41 ii #ee47 ,! ,abbe ,bani] 7,la ,my?ologie expliquee p> l',hi/oire1 ,p>is1 #agch1 vol4 ii4 p4 #bah7 attempts ! def5ce ( ,euhem]us1 :om mo/ ( ! anci5ts reg>d$ z an a!i/4 ,!re 0 an elem5t ( tru? 9 8 romantic hypo!sis47#a7 7#a7 ,see ,block1 ,euhem]e et sa ,doctr9e1 ,mons1 #ahgf4 ,sometimes ! old /ories 7 said to conceal a moral1 sometimes a physical1 sometimes a my/ical or ,neo-platonic sort ( mean+4 ,z e apologi/ int]pret$ ! leg5ds 9 8 own fa%ion1 ! int]pretations usually disagre$ & kill$ ea* o!r4 ,j z "o mod]n my?ologi/ sees ! w9d 9 ,aeetes & ! dawn 9 ,m$ea1 :ile ano!r ( ! same s*ool believes1 on equally good evid5ce1 t bo? ,aeetes & ,m$ea are ! moon1 s writ]s l ,porphyry 7#bgj ,a4 ,d47 & ,plut>* 7#fj ,a4 ,d47 made ! anci5t deities types ( _! own fav\rite doctr9es1 :atev] ^! might happ5 to be4 ,:5 ,*ri/ianity became p[]ful1 ! ,*ri/ian writ]s naturally attack$ hea!n religion :]e x 0 mo/ vuln]able1 on ! side ( ! my?s1 & ( ! my/]ies :i* 7 dramatic repres5tations ( ! my?s4 ,pretty gods y wor%ip1 said ! ,fa!rs1 9 effect1 homicides1 adult]]s1 bulls1 be>s1 mice1 ants1 & :at n4 ,! hea!n apologi/s = ! old religion 7 ?us driv5 9 ! e>ly ages ( ,*ri/ianity to v>i\s me?ods ( expla9+ away ! my?s ( _! discr$it$ religion4 ,! e>ly ,*ri/ian writ]s v easily1 & ) consid]able argum5tative p[]1 dispos$ ( ! apologies = ! my?s advanc$ by ,porphyry & ,plut>*4 ,?us ,eusebius 9 ! ,praep>atio ,evangelica fir/ attacks ! ,egyptian int]pretations ( _! own be/ial or semi-be/ial gods4 ,he %[s t ! v>i\s int]pretations de/roy ea* o!r1 & goes on to po9t out t ,greek my? is 9 ess5ce only a v5e]$ & v>ni%$ v]sion ( ! fai? ( ,egypt4 ,he ridicules1 ) a good deal ( hum\r1 ! old !ories :i* resolv$ s _m my?ical h]oes into ! sun2 he %[s t :ile "o sy/em is cont5t$ to reg>d ,zeus z m]e fire & air1 ano!r sy/em recognises 9 him ! high] reason1 :ile ,h]acles1 ,dionysus1 ,apollo1 & ,asclepius1 fa!r & *ild1 are all indiff]5tly ! sun4 ,grant+ t ! my?-mak]s 7 only con/ruct+ physical allegories1 :y did !y wrap !m up1 asks ,eusebius1 9 :at ,,we consid] abom9able fictions8 ,9 :at /ate 7 ! p :o c\ld n look at ! pure processes ( ,nature )\t be+ rem9d$ ( ! mo/ hide\s & unnatural (f5ces8 ,once m3 ,! physical int]pret]s d n ev5 agree 9 _! physical int]pretations4 ,all ^! are equally facile1 equally plausible1 & equally incapable ( pro(4 ,aga91 ,eusebius argues1 ! int]pret]s take = grant$ 9 ! mak]s ( ! my?s an am\nt ( physical k :i* !y c]ta9ly did n possess4 ,= example1 if ,leto 7 only ano!r "n = ,h]a1 ! "* ( ,zeus w\ld be cle>$ z f> z 8 am\r ) ,leto is conc]n$4 ,n[1 ! anci5t believ]s 9 ! physical ph5om5a !ory ( my?s made out t ,h]a1 ! wife ( ,zeus1 0 really ! same p]son "u ano!r "n z ,leto1 8 mi/ress4 ,= ,h]a is ! e>? 7!y said at o!r times t ,h]a 0 ! air71 & ,leto is ! night2 b night is only ! %ad[ ( ! e>?1 & !re=e ,leto is only ! %ad[ ( ,h]a4 ,x 0 easy1 h[ev]1 to prove t ?is sci5tific view ( night z ! %ad[ ( e>? 0 n likely to be kn[n to my?-mak]s1 :o reg>d$ swift ,night z an actual p]son4 ,plut>*1 too1 _h an ab/ruse !ory to expla9 ! leg5d ab\t ! dummy wife1--a log ( oak-wood1 :i* ,zeus pret5d$ to m>ry :5 at v>iance ) ,h]a47#a7 7#a7 ,pausanias1 ix4 #ca4 ,?is qu>rel1 he said1 0 m]ely ! confusion & /rife ( elem5ts4 ,zeus 0 heat1 ,h]a 0 cold 7%e _h already be5 expla9$ z e>? & air71 ! dummy wife ( oak-wood 0 a tree t em]g$ aft] a flood1 & s =?4 ,( c\rse1 !re 0 no evid5ce t my?opoeic m5 held ,plut>*ian !ories ( heat & cold & ! conflict ( ! elem5ts2 besides1 z ,eusebius po9t$ out1 ,h]a _h already be5 def9$ once z an allegory ( w$d$ life1 & once z ! e>?1 & aga9 z ! air1 & x 0 r too late to ass]t t %e 0 also ! cold & wat]y elem5t 9 ! _w4 ,z = 8 own explanation ( ! my?s1 ,eusebius holds t !y desc5d f a p]iod :5 m5 9 _! lawless b>b>ism knew no bett] ?an to tell su* tales4 ,anci5t folk1 9 ! exce$+ savag]y ( _! lives1 made no acc\nt ( ,god1 ! univ]sal ,creator 7"h ,eusebius is probably wrong7444 b betook !m to all mann] ( abom9ations4 ,= ! laws ( dec5t exi/5ce 7 n yet e/abli%$1 nor 0 any settl$ & peaceful /ate orda9$ among m51 b only a loose & savage fa%ion ( w&]+ life1 :ile1 z bea/s irrational1 !y c>$ = no m ?an to fill _! bellies1 be+ 9 a mann] )\t ,god 9 ! _w4 ,gr[+ a little m civilis$1 m51 accord+ to ,eusebius1 s\ght aft] some?+ div9e1 :i* !y f\nd 9 ! heav5ly bodies4 ,lat]1 !y fell to wor%ipp+ liv+ p]sons1 especially m$ic9e m5 & conjurors1 & cont9u$ to wor%ip !m ev5 aft] _! decease1 s t ,greek temples are really tombs ( ! dead47#a7 ,f9ally1 ! civilis$ anci5ts1 ) a cons]vative reluctance to ab&on _! old my?s 7,greek text omitt$71 inv5t$ = !m moral or physical explanations1 l ^? ( ,plut>* & o!rs1 e>li] & lat]47#b7 7#a7 ,praep4 ,e41 ii4 #e4 7#b7 ,ibid41 #f1ai4 ,z ,eusebius1 l ,clem5s ( ,alex&ria1 ,arnobius1 & ! o!r e>ly ,*ri/ian disputants1 _h no prejudice 9 fav\r ( ,hell5ic my?ology1 & no s5tim5tal reason = wi%+ to suppose t ! orig9 ( its impurities 0 pure1 he f\nd 8 way almo/ to ! !ory ( ! irrational elem5t 9 my?ology :i* we propose to (f]4 ,ev5 to sket* ! hi/ory ( my?ological hypo!sis 9 mod]n times w\ld require a book to itself4 ,x mu/ suffice "h to indicate ! v>i\s l9es :i* speculation z to my?ology has pursu$4 ,all int]pretations ( my? h be5 =m$ 9 accordance ) ! ideas preval5t 9 ! "t ( ! int]pret]s4 ,! e>ly ,greek physici/s ?\ght t my?opoeic m5 _h be5 physici/s4 ,ari/otle h9ts t !y 7 7l himself7 political philosoph]s47#a7 ,neo-platoni/s s\ght 9 ! my?s = ,neo-platonism2 mo/ ,*ri/ians 7unlike ,eusebius7 ei!r sid$ ) ,euhem]us1 or f\nd 9 my? ! inv5tions ( devils1 or a t>ni%$ & di/ort$ memory ( ! ,biblical revelation4 7#a7 ,met41 xi4 #h1ai4 ,?is 0 ! !ory1 = example1 ( good old ,jacob ,bryant1 :o saw ev]y:]e memories ( ! ,noa*ian deluge & pro(s ( ! correctness ( ,old ,te/am5t e?nology47#a7 7#a7 ,bryant1 ,a ,new ,sy/em1 :]e9 an ,attempt is made to ,dive/ ,tradition ( ,fable1 #aggd4 ,mu* ! same attempt to f9d ! ,biblical tru? at ! bottom ( savage & anci5t fable has be5 rec5tly made by ! late ,m4 ,l5ormant1 a ,ca?olic s*ol>47#a7 7#a7 ,les ,orig9es de l',hi/oire d'apres le ,bible1 #ahhj-ahhd4 ,9 ! beg9n+ ( ! pres5t c5tury ,g]many turn$ h] att5tion to my?ology4 ,z usual1 m5's ideas 7 biass$ by ! g5]al nature ( _! op9ions4 ,9 a pi\s k9d ( _s1 ,fri$ri* ,creuz] s\ght to f9d ,,symbols ( "s pure1 e>ly1 & ,ori5tal !osophy 9 ! my?s & my/]ies ( ,greece4 ,c]ta9ly ! ,greeks ( ! philosophical p]iod expla9$ _! own my?s z symbols ( high] ?+s1 b ! explanation 0 an aft]-?\ght47#a7 ,! great ,lobeck1 9 8 ,aglaophamus 7#ahbi71 br\ght back common s5se1 & made x ! guide ( 8 va/1 8 unequall$ le>n+4 ,9 a g5tl] & m g5ial _s1 ,c4 ,otfri$ ,mull] laid ! f\ndation ( a truly sci5tific & hi/orical my?ology47#b7 ,nei!r ( ^! writ]s _h1 l ,alfr$ ,maury17#c7 mu* k ( ! my?s & fai?s ( ! l[] races1 b !y (t5 seem on ! po9t ( anticipat+ ! e?nological me?od4 7#a7 ,creuz]1 ,symbolik und ,my?ologie1 #b;d edit41 ,leipzig1 #ahcf-dc4 7#b7 ,introduction to a ,sci5tific ,sy/em ( ,my?ology1 ,engli% trans41 ,london1 #ahdd4 7#c7 ,hi/oire des ,religions de la ,grece ,antique1 ,p>is1 #aheg4 ,:5 philological sci5ce 9 our own c5tury came to maturity1 9 philology1 z ( old 9 physics & lat] 9 symbols1 0 s\ght ! key ( my?s4 ,:ile physical allegory1 religi\s & esot]ic symbolism1 v]bal confusion1 hi/orical leg5d1 & an orig9al div9e tradition1 p]v]t$ 9 ages ( d>kness1 h be5 ! mo/ popul> keys 9 o!r ages1 ! sci5tific n9ete5? c5tury has _h a philological key ( its own4 ,! me?ods ( ,kuhn1 ,breal1 ,max ,mull]1 & g5]ally ! philological me?od1 _c be exam9$ "h at full l5g?47#a7 ,briefly speak+1 ! mod]n philological me?od is int5d$ = a sci5tific application ( ! old etymological int]pretations4 ,cadmus 9 ! ,bac*ae ( ,euripides1 ,socrates 9 ! ,cratylus ( ,plato1 dismiss unpalatable my?s z ! results ( v]bal confusion4 ,p _h orig9ally said some?+ q s5sible--s ! hypo!sis runs--b :5 _! desc5dants =got ! mean+ ( _! rem>ks1 a new & absurd mean+ foll[$ f a s]ies ( unconsci\s puns47#b7 ,?is view 0 support$ 9 anci5t times by purely conjectural & impossible etymologies4 ,?us ! my? t ,dionysus 0 sewn up 9 ! ,,?igh ( ,zeus 7,greek text omitt$7 0 expla9$ by ,euripides z ! result ( a confusion ( words4 ,p _h orig9ally said t ,zeus gave a pl$ge 7,greek text omitt$7 to ,h]a4 ,! mod]n philological s*ool relies = explanations ( unt[>d & o!r my?s on simil> confusions4 ,?us ,daphne is said to h be5 orig9ally n a girl ( romance1 b ! dawn 7,sanskirt1 dahana3 ahana7 pursu$ by ! ris+ sun4 ,b z ! orig9al ,aryan s5se ( ,dahana or ,ahana 0 lo/1 & z ,daphne came to mean ! laurel--! wood :i* burns easily--! fable arose t ! tree _h be5 a girl call$ ,daphne47#c7 7#a7 ,see ,my?ology 9 ,encyclop4 ,brit4 & 9 ,la ,my?ologie 7,a4 ,l471 ,p>is1 #ahhf1 :]e ,mr4 ,max ,mull]'s sy/em is criticis$4 ,see also ,cu/om & ,my? & ,mod]n ,my?ology4 7#b7 ,t a consid]able numb] ( my?s1 *iefly my?s ( place names1 arise f popul> etymologies is c]ta93 :at is object$ to is ! va/ proportion giv5 to ?is elem5t 9 my?s4 7#c7 ,max ,mull]1 ,n9ete5? ,c5tury1 ,decemb]1 #ahhe2 ,sol> ,my?s1 ,janu>y1 #ahhf2 ,my?s & ,my?ologi/s 7,a4 ,l74 ,:itney1 ,mannh>dt1 ,b]gaigne1 & o!rs dispute ! etymology4 ,or4 & ,l+4 ,/udies1 #ahgd1 p4 #afj2 ,mannh>dt1 ,antike ,wald und ,feld ,kultus 7,b]l91 #ahgg71 p4 xx42 ,b]gaigne1 ,la ,religion ,v$ique1 iii4 #bic2 nor does ,curtius l x mu*1 ,pr9ciples ( ,greek ,etymology1 ,engli% trans41 ii4 #ib1 #ic2 ,mod]n ,my?ology 7,a4 ,l471 #ahig4 ,?is sy/em *iefly re/s on comp>ison betwe5 ! ,sanskrit names 9 ! ,rig-,v$a & ! my?ic names 9 ,greek1 ,g]man1 ,slavonic1 & o!r ,aryan leg5ds4 ,! attempt is made to prove t1 9 ! common spee* ( ! undivid$ ,aryan race1 _m words = spl5did or gl[+ natural ph5om5a exi/$1 & t natural processes 7 describ$ 9 a figurative /yle4 ,z ! v>i\s ,aryan families sep>at$1 ! s5se ( ! old words & names became dim1 ! nom9a develop$ into num9a1 ! names into gods1 ! descriptions ( elem5tal processes into my?s4 ,z ?is sy/em has already be5 criticis$ by u else:]e ) m9ute att5tion1 a ref]5ce to ^! reviews mu/ suffice 9 ?is place4 ,briefly1 x may be /at$ t ! v>i\s ma/]s ( ! s*ool--,kuhn1 ,max ,mull]1 ,ro?1 ,s*w>tz1 & ! re/--r>ely agree :]e agreem5t is ess5tial1 t is1 9 ! philological f\ndations ( _! build+4 ,!y diff] 9 v _m ( ! etymological analyses ( my?ical names4 ,!y also diff] 9 ! int]pretations !y put on ! names1 ,kuhn almo/ inv>iably see+ fire1 /orm1 cl\d1 or lightn+ :]e ,mr4 ,max ,mull] sees ! *a/e ,dawn4 ,?us ,mannh>dt1 aft] hav+ be5 a disciple1 is oblig$ to say t comp>ative ,indo-,g]manic my?ology has n borne ! fruit expect$1 & t ! ,,c]ta9 ga9s ( ! sy/em r$uce !mselves to ! scantie/ li/ ( p>allels1 su* z ,dyaus ,zeus ,tius1 ,p>janya ,p]kunas1 ,bhaga ,bog1 ,v>una ,uranos 7a position mu* disput$71 etc4 ,mannh>dt adds 8 belief t a numb] ( o!r equations--su* z ,s>ameya ,h]meias1 ,s>anyus ,demet] ,er9nys1 ,k5tauros ,g&h>va1 & _m o!rs--w n /& criticism1 & he fe>s t ^! +5i\s guesses w prove m]e jeux d'esprit r ?an actual facts47#a7 ,_m examples ( ! prec>i\s & contradictory "* ( ! results ( philological my?ology1 _m in/ances ( dubi\s etymologies1 false logic1 leaps at =egone conclusions1 & attempts to make :at is peculi>ly ,indian 9 ?\ght into matt] ( univ]sal application1 w meet u 9 ! *apt]s on ,indian & ,greek div9e leg5ds47#b7 ,! me?od 9 its practical work+ %[s a fundam5tal lack ( ! hi/orical s5se1 says ,mannh>dt4 ,examples are torn f _! contexts1 he obs]ves2 hi/orical evolution is neglect$2 passages ( ! ,v$a1 !mselves totally obscure1 are dragg$ =w>d to acc\nt = obscure ,greek my?ical ph5om5a4 ,su* are ! accusations br\ght by ! regrett$ ,mannh>dt aga9/ ! s*ool to :i* he orig9ally belong$1 & :i* 0 popul> & all-p[]ful ev5 9 ! maturity ( 8 own m cle>-sight$ g5ius4 ,pro(s ( ! correctness ( 8 criticism w be (f]$ abundantly 9 ! c\rse ( ?is "w4 ,x w become evid5t t1 great z are ! acquisitions ( ,philology1 h] lea/ c]ta9 discov]ies h be5 too ha/ily appli$ 9 ali5 matt]1 t is1 9 ! region ( my?4 ,n t philology is :olly )\t place or "p 9 ! inve/igation ( my?1 :5 !re is agreem5t among philologi/s z to ! mean+ ( a div9e "n4 ,9 t case a c]ta9 am\nt ( light is ?r[n on ! leg5d ( ! be>] ( ! "n1 & on its orig9 & fir/ home1 ,aryan1 ,greek1 ,semitic1 or ! l4 ,b h[ r>e is agreem5t among philologi/s6 7#a7 ,baum und ,feld ,kultus1 p4 xvii4 ,kuhn's epo*-mak+ book is ,die ,h]abkunft des ,feu]s1 ,b]l91 #ahei4 ,by way ( example ( ! disputes z to ! orig9al mean+ ( a "n l ,prome!us1 comp>e ,memoires de la ,societe de ,l+ui/ique de ,p>is1 t4 iv4 p4 #ccf4 7#b7 ,see especially ,mannh>dt's note on ,kuhn's !ories ( ,poseidon & ,h]mes1 ,b4 u4 ,f4 ,k41 pp4 xviii41 xix41 note #a4 ,! philological me?od1 says ,pr(essor ,tiele17#a7 is inadequate & mislead+1 :5 x is a "q ( discov]+ ! ,,orig9 ( a my?1 or ! physical explanation ( ! olde/ my?s1 or ( acc\nt+ = ! rude & obsc5e elem5t 9 ! div9e leg5ds ( civilis$ races4 ,b ^! are n ! only problems ( my?ology4 ,!re is1 = example1 ! "q ( ! ,,g5ealogical relations ( my?s1 :]e we h to det]m9e :e!r ! my?s ( peoples ^: spee* is ( ! same family are special modifications ( a my?ology once common to ! race :5ce ^! peoples h sprung4 ,! philological me?od alone c answ] "h4 ,b ?is w seem a v limit$ prov9ce :5 we f9d t almo/ all races1 h[ev] remote & unconnect$ 9 spee*1 h practically mu* ! same my?s4 7#a7 ,rev4 de l',hi/4 des ,rel41 xii4 #c1 #bfj1 ,nov41 ,dec41 #ahhe4 ,,*apt] ,,ii4 ,,new ,,sy/em ,,propos$4 ,*ap4 ,i4 recapitulat$--,proposal ( a new me?od3 ,sci5ce ( comp>ative or hi/orical /udy ( man--,anticipat$ 9 "p by ,eusebius1 ,font5elle1 ,de ,brosses1 ,sp5c] 7( ,c4 ,c4 ,c41 ,cambridge71 & ,mannh>dt--,sci5ce ( ,tylor--,object ( inquiry3 to f9d condition ( human intellect 9 :i* m>vels ( my? are p>ts ( practical ev]yday belief--,?is is ! savage /ate--,savages describ$--,! wild elem5t ( my? a survival f ! savage /ate--,advantages ( ?is me?od--,p>tly acc\nts = wide ,,diffusion z well z ,,orig9 ( my?s--,connect$ ) g5]al !ory ( evolution--,puzzl+ example ( my? ( ! wat]-swall[]--,pr(essor ,tiele's criticism ( ! me?od--,objections to me?od1 & answ] to ^!--,see ,app5dix ,b4 ,! pa/ sy/ems ( my?ological int]pretation h be5 briefly sket*$4 ,x has be5 %[n t ! practical ne$ = a reconciliation betwe5 ,,religion & ,,morality on "o side1 & ! ,,my?s ab\t ! gods on ! o!r1 produc$ ! hypo!ses ( ,!ag5es & ,metrodorus1 ( ,socrates & ,euem]us1 ( ,ari/otle & ,plut>*4 ,x has be5 %[n t 9 ea* case ! reconcil]s argu$ on ! basis ( _! own ideas & ( ! philosophies ( _! "t4 ,! e>ly physici/ ?\ght t my? conceal$ a physical philosophy2 ! e>ly etymologi/ saw 9 x a confusion ( language2 ! e>ly political speculator suppos$ t my? 0 an inv5tion ( legislators2 ! lit]>y ,euhem]us f\nd ! secret ( my?s 9 ! c\rse ( an imag9>y voyage to a fabl$ isl&4 ,!n came ! mom5t ( ! ,*ri/ian attacks1 & ,pagan philosoph]s1 t\*$ ) ,ori5tal pan!ism1 recognis$ 9 my?s c]ta9 pan!i/ic symbols & a cryptic revelation ( _! own ,neo-platonism4 ,:5 ! gods 7 dead & _! alt>s fall51 !n antiqu>ies br\ght _! curiosity to ! problem ( expla9+ my?4 ,*ri/ians recognis$ 9 x a deprav$ v]sion ( ! ,jewi% sacr$ writ+s1 & f\nd ! ark on e m\nta9-top ( ,greece4 ,! critical n9ete5? c5tury br\ght 91 ) ,otfri$ ,mull] & ,lobeck1 a clos] analysis2 & f9ally1 9 ! sudd5 rise ( comp>ative philology1 x *anc$ t philologi/s annex$ ! doma9 ( my?s4 ,ea* ( ^! sy/ems _h its own am\nt ( tru?1 b ea* c]ta9ly fail$ to unravel ! :ole web ( tradition & ( fooli% fai?4 ,meantime a new sci5ce has come into exi/5ce1 ! sci5ce :i* /udies man 9 ! sum ( all 8 works & ?\ghts1 z evolv$ ?r\gh ! :ole process ( 8 developm5t4 ,?is sci5ce1 ,comp>ative ,an?ropology1 exam9es ! developm5t ( law out ( cu/om2 ! developm5t ( weapons f ! /ick or /one to ! late/ repeat+ rifle2 ! developm5t ( society f ! horde to ! nation4 ,x is a /udy :i* does n despise ! mo/ backw>d nor degrad$ tribe1 nor neglect ! mo/ civilis$1 & x frequ5tly f9ds 9 ,au/ralians or ,nootkas ! g]m ( ideas & in/itutions :i* ,greeks or ,romans br\ght to p]fection1 or reta9$1 little alt]$ f _! e>ly rud5ess1 9 ! mid/ ( civilisation4 ,x is inevitable t ?is sci5ce %\ld also try its h& on my?ology4 ,our purpose is to employ ! an?ropological me?od--! /udy ( ! evolution ( ideas1 f ! savage to ! b>b>\s1 & !nce to ! civilis$ /age--9 ! prov9ce ( my?1 ritual1 & religion4 ,x has be5 %[n t ! light ( ?is me?od _h dawn$ on ,eusebius 9 8 polemic ) ! hea!n apologi/s4 ,sp5c]1 ! head ( ,corpus1 ,cambridge 7#afcj-ic71 _h really no o!r s*eme 9 8 m9d 9 8 erudite "w on ,hebrew ,ritual47#a7 ,sp5c] 0 a /ud5t ( man's religions g5]ally1 & he came to ! conclusion t ,hebrew ritual 0 b an expurgat$1 &1 s to speak1 div9ely lic5s$ adaptation ( hea!n cu/oms at l>ge4 ,we d b foll[ 8 guidance on less p]il\s gr\nd :5 we seek = ! orig9al =ms ( classical rite & my? 9 ! p>allel usages & leg5ds ( ! mo/ backw>d races4 7#a7 ,de ,legibus ,hebraeorum ,ritualibus1 ,tub+ae1 #aghb4 ,font5elle 9 ! la/ c5tury1 /at$1 ) all ! cle>ness ( ! ,fr5* intellect1 ! sy/em :i* is p>tially work$ out 9 ?is essay--! sy/em :i* expla9s ! irrational elem5t 9 my? z inh]it$ f savag]y4 ,font5elle's pap] 7,sur l',orig9e des ,fables7 is brief1 s5sible1 & witty1 & requires little b copi\s evid5ce to make x adequate4 ,b he m]ely ?rew out ! idea1 & left x to be neglect$47#a7 7#a7 ,see ,app5dix ,a41 ,font5elle's ,orig9e des ,fables4 ,among o!r f\nd]s ( ! an?ropological or hi/orical s*ool ( my?ology1 ,de ,brosses %\ld n be =gott54 ,9 8 ,dieux ,feti*es 7#agfj7 he foll[s ! pa? :i* ,eusebius indicat$--! pa? ( ,sp5c] & ,font5elle--n[ ! beat5 road ( ,tylor & ,m',l5nan & ,mannh>dt4 ,9 an?ropology1 9 ! sci5ce ( ,waitz1 ,tylor1 & ,m',l5nan1 9 ! exam9ation ( man's fai? 9 ! light ( 8 social1 legal1 & hi/orical conditions g5]ally1 we f9d1 ) ,mannh>dt1 "s ( ! keys ( my?4 ,?is sci5ce makes x manife/ t ! diff]5t /ages ?r\gh :i* humanity has pass$ 9 its intellectual evolution h /ill _! liv+ repres5tatives among v>i\s exi/+ races4 ,! /udy ( ^! l[] races is an invaluable in/rum5t = ! int]pretation ( ! survivals f e>li] /ages1 :i* we meet 9 ! full civilisation ( cultivat$ peoples1 b ^: orig9s 7 9 ! remote/ feti*ism & savag]y47#a7 7#a7 ,mannh>dt op4 cit4 p4 xxiii4 ,x is by foll[+ ?is road1 & by ! aid ( an?ropology & ( human hi/ory1 t we propose to seek = a demon/rably actual condition ( ! human intellect1 :]e( ! puzzl+ qualities ( my? w\ld be ! natural & inevitable fruit4 ,9 all ! e>li] !ories :i* we h sket*$1 inquir]s took x = grant$ t ! my?-mak]s 7 m5 ) philosophic & moral ideas l _! own--ideas :i*1 f "s reason ( religion or /ate1 !y express$ 9 biz>re t]ms ( allegory4 ,we %all attempt1 on ! o!r h&1 to prove t ! human m9d has pass$ ?r\gh a condition q unlike t ( civilis$ m5--a condition 9 :i* ?+s seem$ natural & rational t n[ appe> unnatural & devoid ( reason1 & 9 :i*1 !re=e1 if my?s 7 evolv$1 !y w\ld1 if !y surviv$ into civilisation1 be su* z civilis$ m5 f9d /range & p]plex+4 ,our fir/ "q w be1 ,is !re a /age ( human society & ( ! human intellect 9 :i* facts t appe> to u to be mon/r\s & irrational--facts correspond+ to ! wild] incid5ts ( my?--are accept$ z ord9>y occurr5ces ( ev]yday life8 ,9 ! region ( romantic r ?an ( my?ical inv5tion we "k t !re is su* a /ate4 ,mr4 ,lane1 9 8 preface to ! ,arabian ,nights1 says t ! ,arabs h an advantage ov] u z /ory-tell]s4 ,!y c introduce su* incid5ts z ! *ange ( a man into a horse1 or ( a woman into a dog1 or ! int]v5tion ( an ,afreet )\t any m scruple ?an our own noveli/s feel 9 describ+ a duel or ! concealm5t ( a w4 ,among ! ,arabs ! ag5cies ( magic & ( spirits are reg>d$ z at lea/ z probable & common z duels & concealm5ts ( wills seem to be ?\ght by ,european noveli/s4 ,x is obvi\s t we ne$ look no f>!r = ! explanation ( ! sup]natural ev5ts 9 ,arab romances4 ,n[1 let u apply ?is sy/em to my?ology4 ,x is admitt$ t ,greeks1 ,romans1 ,aryans ( ,india 9 ! age ( ! ,sanskrit comm5tators1 & ,egyptians ( ! ,ptolemaic & e>li] ages1 7 z mu* puzzl$ z we are by ! my?ical adv5tures ( _! gods4 ,b is !re any kn[n /age ( ! human intellect 9 :i* simil> adv5tures1 & ! metamorphoses ( m5 into animals1 trees1 />s1 & all else t puzzles u 9 ! civilis$ my?ologies1 are reg>d$ z possible incid5ts ( daily human life8 ,our answ] is1 t ev]y?+ 9 ! civilis$ my?ologies :i* we reg>d z irrational seems only "p ( ! accept$ & natural ord] ( ?+s to contempor>y savages1 & 9 ! pa/ seem$ equally rational & natural to savages conc]n+ :om we h hi/orical in=mation47#a7 ,our !ory is1 !re=e1 t ! savage & s5seless elem5t 9 my?ology is1 = ! mo/ "p1 a legacy f ! fancy ( ance/ors ( ! civilis$ races :o 7 once 9 an intellectual /ate n high]1 b probably l[]1 ?an t ( ,au/ralians1 ,bu%-m51 ,r$ ,indians1 ! l[] races ( ,s\? ,am]ica1 & o!r worse ?an b>b>ic peoples4 ,z ! ance/ors ( ! ,greeks1 ,aryans ( ,india1 ,egyptians & o!rs advanc$ 9 civilisation1 _! religi\s ?\ght 0 %ock$ & surpris$ by my?s 7orig9ally dat+ f ! p]iod ( savag]y1 & natural 9 t p]iod1 ?\gh ev5 !n (t5 9 contradiction to morals & religion7 :i* 7 pres]v$ d[n to ! "t ( ,pausanias by local prie/hoods1 or :i* 7 /]eotyp$ 9 ! anci5t poems ( ,hesiod & ,hom]1 or 9 ! ,brahmanas & ,v$as ( ,india1 or 7 reta9$ 9 ! popul> religion ( ,egypt4 ,?is !ory recomm5d$ itself to ,lobeck4 ,we may believe t anci5t & e>ly tribes fram$ gods l unto !mselves 9 action & 9 exp]i5ce1 & t ! allegorical s(t5+ d[n ( my?s is ! explanation add$ lat] by desc5dants :o _h atta9$ to pur] ideas ( div9ity1 yet d>$ n reject ! religion ( _! ance/ors47#b7 ,! s5seless elem5t 9 ! my?s w\ld1 by ?is !ory1 be = ! mo/ "p a survival2 & ! age & condition ( human ?\ght :5ce x surviv$ w\ld be "o 9 :i* our mo/ ord9>y ideas ab\t ! nature ( ?+s & ! limits ( possibility did n yet exi/1 :5 all ?+s 7 conceiv$ ( 9 q o!r fa%ion2 ! age1 t is1 ( savag]y4 7#a7 ,we h be5 ask$ to ,,def9e a savage4 ,he _c be def9$ 9 an epigram1 b by way ( *oice ( a type3-- #a4 ,9 mat]ial equipm5t ! p]fect savage is he :o employs tools ( /one & wood1 n ( metal2 :o is nomadic r ?an settl$2 :o is acqua9t$ 7if at all7 only ) ! rude/ =ms ( ! arts ( pott+1 weav+1 fire-mak+1 etc42 & :o d]ives m ( 8 food f ! *ase & f wild roots & plants ?an f any k9d ( agriculture or f ! fle% ( dome/icat$ animals4 #b4 ,9 psy*ology ! savage is he :o 7ext5d+ unconsci\sly to ! univ]se 8 own implicit consci\sness ( p]sonality7 reg>ds all natural objects z animat$ & intellig5t be+s1 &1 draw+ no h>d & fa/ l9e betwe5 himself & ! ?+s 9 ! _w1 is readily p]suad$ t m5 may be metamorphos$ into plants1 bea/s & />s2 t w9ds & cl\ds1 sun & dawn1 are p]sons ) human passions & p>ts2 & t ! l[] animals especially may be creatures m p[]ful ?an himself1 &1 9 a s5se1 div9e & creative4 #c4 ,9 religion ! savage is he :o 7:ile (t51 9 c]ta9 moods1 consci\s ( a f> high] moral fai?7 believes also 9 ance/ral gho/s or spirits ( woods & wells t 7 nev] ance/ral2 prays frequ5tly by d9t ( magic2 & sometimes adores inanimate objects1 or ev5 appeals to ! bea/s z sup]natural protectors4 #d4 ,9 society ! savage is he :o 7z a rule7 bases 8 laws on ! well-def9$ l9es ( totemism--t is1 claims desc5t f or o!r close relation to natural objects1 & d]ives f ! sacr$ness ( ^? objects ! sanction ( 8 m>riage prohibitions & blood-feuds1 :ile he makes skill 9 magic a claim to di/+ui%$ rank4 ,su*1 = our purpose1 is ! savage1 & we propose to expla9 ! m s5seless factors 9 civilis$ my?ology z survivals ( ^! ideas & cu/oms pres]v$ by cons]vatism & local tradition1 or1 less probably1 borr[$ f races :i* 71 or _h be51 savage4 7#b7 ,aglaoph41 i4 #aec4 ,_h ,lobeck gone a /ep f>!r & exam9$ ! m5tal condition ( vet]es et priscae g5tes1 ?is book w\ld h be51 sup]flu\s4 ,nor did he "k t ! pur] ideas 7 also exi/+ among c]ta9 l[ savages4 ,x is univ]sally admitt$ t survivals ( ?is k9d d acc\nt = _m anomalies 9 our in/itutions1 9 law1 politics1 society1 ev5 9 dress & mann]s4 ,if isolat$ fragm5ts ( e>li] ages abide 9 ^!1 x is /ill m probable t o!r fragm5ts w survive 9 any?+ s closely connect$ z is my?ology ) ! cons]vative religi\s s5tim5t & tradition4 ,our object1 !n1 is to prove t ! silly1 savage1 & irrational elem5t 9 ! my?s ( civilis$ peoples is1 z a rule1 ei!r a survival f ! p]iod ( savag]y1 or has be5 borr[$ f savage neighb\rs by a cultivat$ p1 or1 la/ly1 is an imitation by lat] poets ( old savage data47#a7 ,= example1 to expla9 ! con/ellations z metamorphos$ m51 animals1 or o!r objects ( t]re/rial life is ! habit ( savages17#b7--;a natural habit among p :o reg>d all ?+s z on "o level ( p]sonal life & intellig5ce4 ,:5 ! />s1 among civilis$ ,greeks or ,aryans ( ,india1 are also popul>ly reg>d$ z trans=m$ & transfigur$ m51 animals & ! l1 ?is belief may be ei!r a survival f ! age :5 ! ance/ors ( ,greeks & ,indians 7 9 ! intellectual condition ( ! ,au/ralian ,murri2 or ! />-"n & />-my? may h be5 borr[$ f savages1 or f cultivat$ peoples once savage or apt to copy savages2 or1 z 9 ! case ( ! ,coma ,b]5ices1 a poet ( a late age may h inv5t$ a new artificial my? on ! old l9es ( savage fancy4 7#a7 ,we may be ask$ :y d savages ent]ta9 ! irrational ideas :i* survive 9 my?8 ,"o might z well ask :y !y eat ea* o!r1 or use /ones in/ead ( metal4 ,_! intellectual p[]s are n fully develop$1 & ha/y analogy f _! own unreason$ consci\sness is _! *ief guide4 ,my?1 9 ,mr4 ,d>w9's phrase1 is "o ( ! mis]able & indirect consequ5ces ( our highe/ faculties4 ,desc5t ( ,man1 p4 #fi4 7#b7 ,see ,cu/om & ,my?1 ,/>-,my?s4 ,?is me?od ( int]pret+ a c]ta9 elem5t 9 my?ology is1 we mu/ repeat1 no new ?+1 ?\gh1 to judge f ! prote/s ( sev]al my?ologi/s1 x is new to _m inquir]s4 ,we h se5 t ,eusebius ?rew out proposals 9 ?is direction2 t ,sp5c]1 ,de ,brosses1 & ,font5elle unconsci\sly foll[$ him2 & we h quot$ f ,lobeck a /atem5t ( a simil> op9ion4 ,! :ole matt] has be5 /at$ z cle>ly z possible by ,mr4 ,b4 ,b4 ,tylor3-- ,savages h be5 = untold ages1 & /ill are1 liv+ 9 ! my?-mak+ /age ( ! human m9d4 ,x 0 ?r\gh %e] ignorance & neglect ( ?is direct k h[ & by :at mann] ( m5 my?s are really made t _! simple philosophy has come to be buri$ "u masses ( comm5tator's rubbi%4447#a7 ,mr4 ,tylor goes on ?us 7& 8 words conta9 ! gi/ ( our argum5t73 ,! g5]al !sis ma9ta9$ is t my? arose 9 ! savage condition preval5t 9 remote ages among ! :ole human race2 t x rema9s comp>atively un*ang$ among ! rude mod]n tribes :o h dep>t$ lea/ f ^! primitive conditions1 :ile high] & lat] civilisations1 p>tly by reta9+ its actual pr9ciples1 & p>tly by c>ry+ on its inh]it$ results 9 ! =m ( ance/ral tradition1 cont9u$ x n m]ely 9 tol]ation1 b 9 hon\r47#b7 ,else:]e ,mr4 ,tylor po9ts out t by ?is me?od ( int]pretation we may /udy my?s 9 v>i\s /ages ( evolution1 f ! rude guess ( ! savage at an explanation ( natural ph5om5a1 ?r\gh ! sy/ems ( ! high] b>b>isms1 or l[] civilisations 7z 9 anci5t ,mexico71 & ! sac]dotage ( ,india1 till my? rea*es its mo/ human =m 9 ,greece4 ,yet ev5 9 ,greek my? ! bea/ is n :olly ca/ out1 & ,hellas by no means let ! ape & tig] die4 ,t ,mr4 ,tylor does n exclude ! ,aryan race f 8 g5]al !ory is pla9 en\gh47#c7 ,:at is ! ,aryan conception ( ! ,?und]-god b a poetic elaboration ( ?\ghts inh]it$ f ! savage /age ?r\gh :i* ! primitive ,aryans _h pass$87#d7 7#a7 ,primitive ,culture1 #bnd edit41 i4 p4 #bhc4 7#b7 ,op4 cit41 p4 #bge4 7#c7 ,primitive ,culture1 #bnd edit41 ii4 #bfe4 7#d7 ,pretty mu* ! same view seems to be tak5 by ,mr4 ,max ,mull] 7,n9ete5? ,c5tury1 ,janu>y1 #ahhb7 :5 he calls ,tsui ,goab 7:om ! ,hott5tots believe to be a defunct conjuror7 a ,hott5tot ,indra or ,zeus4 ,! advantages ( our hypo!sis 7if its legitimacy be admitt$7 are obvi\s4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 we h to deal ) an actual demon/rable condition ( ! human intellect4 ,! exi/5ce ( ! savage /ate 9 all its v>i\s degrees1 & ( ! common intellectual habits & conditions :i* are %>$ by ! backw>d peoples1 & aga9 ! survival ( _m ( ^! 9 civilisation1 are indubitable facts4 ,we are n oblig$ to fall back ^u "s fanciful & unsupport$ !ory ( :at primitive man did1 & said1 & ?\ght4 ,nay1 m2 we escape all ! fallacies connect$ ) ! t]ms primitive man4 ,we are n compell$ 7z w be %[n lat]77#a7 to prove t ! fir/ m5 ( all 7 l mod]n savages1 nor t savages repres5t primitive man4 ,x may be t ! l[e/ extant savages are ! ne>e/ ( exi/+ peoples to ! type ( ! fir/ human be+s4 ,b on ?is po9t x is unnecess>y = u to dogmatise4 ,if we c %[ t1 :e!r m5 began _! c>e] z savages or n1 !y h at lea/ pass$ ?r\gh ! savage /atus or h borr[$ ! ideas ( races 9 ! savage /atus1 t is all we ne$4 ,we escape f all ! sn>es ( !ories 7incapable ( hi/orical pro(7 ab\t ! really primeval & orig9al condition ( ! human family4 7#a7 ,app5dix ,b4 ,once m1 our !ory naturally atta*es itself to ! g5]al sy/em ( ,evolution4 ,we are enabl$ to exam9e my?ology z a ?+ ( gradual developm5t & ( sl[ & manifold modifications1 correspond+ 9 "s degree to ! v>i\s *anges 9 ! g5]al progress ( society4 ,?us we %all wat* ! b>b>ic conditions ( ?\ght :i* produce b>b>ic my?s1 :ile ^! 9 _! turn are reta9$1 or p]haps purifi$1 or p]haps expla9$ away1 by m advanc$ civilisations4 ,fur!r1 we %all be able to detect ! survival ( ! savage ideas ) lea/ modification1 & ! p]si/5ce ( ! savage my?s ) lea/ *ange1 among ! classes ( a civilis$ population :i* h %>$ lea/ 9 ! g5]al advance4 ,^! classes are1 fir/1 ! ru/ic peoples1 dwell+ f> f cities & s*ools1 on hea?s or by ! sea2 second1 ! cons]vative local prie/hoods1 :o reta9 ! m crude & anci5t my?s ( ! local gods & h]oes aft] ^! h be5 modifi$ or reject$ by ! pur] s5se ( philosoph]s & national poets4 ,?us mu* ( anci5t my? is a wov5 w>p & wo( ( ?ree ?reads3 ! savage donnee1 ! civilis$ & poetic modification ( ! savage donnee1 ! v]sion ( ! orig9al fable :i* survives 9 popul> tales & 9 ! sacr$ *apt]s ( local prie/hoods4 ,a critical /udy ( ^! ?ree /ages 9 my? is 9 accordance ) ! recognis$ practice ( sci5ce4 ,inde$1 ! :ole sy/em is only an application to ?is p>ticul> prov9ce1 my?ology1 ( ! me?od by :i* ! developm5t ei!r ( organisms or ( human in/itutions is trac$4 ,z ! anomalies & app>5tly useless & accid5tal features 9 ! human or 9 o!r animal organisms may be expla9$ z /unt$ or rudim5t>y survivals ( organs useful 9 a previ\s /age ( life1 s ! anomal\s & irrational my?s ( civilis$ races may be expla9$ z survivals ( /ories :i*1 9 an e>li] /ate ( ?\ght & k1 seem$ natural en\gh4 ,! p]si/5ce ( ! my?s is acc\nt$ = by ! well-kn[n cons]vatism ( ! religi\s s5tim5t--a cons]vatism notic$ ev5 by ,eusebius4 ,9 lat] days1 :5 !y became a%am$ ( ! religi\s beliefs ( _! ance/ors1 !y inv5t$ private & respectful int]pretations1 ea* to suit himself4 ,= no "o d>$ to %ake ! ance/ral beliefs1 z !y hon\r$ at a v high rate ! sacr$ness & antiquity ( old associations1 & ( ! tea*+ !y _h receiv$ 9 *ildhood47#a7 7#a7 ,praep4 ,e41 ii4 #f1 #ai4 ,?us ! me?od :i* we propose to employ is 9 h>mony bo? ) mod]n sci5tific proc$ure & ) ! views ( a cle>-sight$ ,fa!r ( ! ,*ur*4 ,consequ5tly no sy/em c\ld well be less h]etical & unor?odox4 ,! la/ advantage ( our hypo!sis :i* ne$ "h be m5tion$ is t x helps to expla9 ! ,,diffusion no less ?an ! ,,orig9 ( ! wild & crazy elem5t 9 my?4 ,we seek = ! orig9 ( ! savage factor ( my? 9 "o aspect ( ! intellectual condition ( savages4 ,we say 9 "o aspect expressly2 to gu>d aga9/ ! sugge/ion t ! savage intellect has no aspect b ?is1 & no san] ideas ?an ^? ( my?4 ,! ,,diffusion ( /ories practically id5tical 9 e qu>t] ( ! globe may be 7provisionally7 reg>d$ z ! result ( ! preval5ce 9 e qu>t]1 at "o "t or ano!r1 ( simil> m5tal habits & ideas4 ,?is explanation mu/ n be press$ too h>d nor too f>4 ,if we f9d all ov] ! _w a belief t m5 c *ange !mselves & _! neighb\rs into bea/s1 t belief w acc\nt = ! appe>ance ( metamorphosis 9 my?4 ,if we f9d a belief t inanimate objects are really mu* on a level ) man1 ! op9ion w acc\nt = incid5ts ( my? su* z t 9 :i* ! wood5 figure-head ( ! ,argo speaks ) a human voice4 ,aga91 a widespread belief 9 ! sep>ability ( ! s\l or ! life f ! body w acc\nt = ! incid5t 9 nurs]y tales & my?s ( ! giant :o _h no he>t 9 8 body1 b kept 8 he>t & life else:]e4 ,an anci5t id5tity ( m5tal /atus & ! work+ ( simil> m5tal =ces at ! attempt to expla9 ! same ph5om5a w acc\nt1 )\t any !ory ( borr[+1 or transmission ( my?1 or ( orig9al unity ( race1 = ! _w-wide diffusion ( _m my?ical conceptions4 ,b ?is !ory ( ! orig9al simil>ity ( ! savage m9d ev]y:]e & 9 all races w sc>cely acc\nt = ! _w-wide di/ribution ( long & intricate my?ical ,,plots1 ( consecutive s]ies ( adroitly int]wov5 situations4 ,9 pres5ce ( ^! long romances1 f\nd among s _m widely sev]$ peoples1 conjecture is1 at pres5t1 almo/ idle4 ,we d n "k1 9 _m in/ances1 :e!r su* /ories 7 indep5d5tly develop$1 or c>ri$ f a common c5tre1 or borr[$ by "o race f ano!r1 & s h&$ on r\nd ! _w4 ,?is *apt] may conclude ) an example ( a tale ^: ,,diffusion may be expla9$ 9 div]s ways1 ?\gh its ,,orig9 seems und\bt$ly savage4 ,if we turn to ! ,algonk9s1 a /ock ( ,r$ ,indians1 we come on a popul> tradition :i* really does give pause to ! my?ologi/4 ,c\ld ?is /ory1 he asks himself1 h be5 sep>ately inv5t$ 9 widely diff]5t places1 or c\ld ! ,iroquois h borr[$ f ! ,au/ralian blacks or ! ,&aman ,isl&]s8 ,x is a common ?+ 9 mo/ my?ologies to f9d ev]y?+ ( value to man--fire1 sun1 wat]--9 ! keep+ ( "s ho/ile p[]4 ,! fire1 or ! sun1 or ! wat] is !n /ol51 or 9 o!r ways rescu$ f ! enemy & re/or$ to humanity4 ,! ,huron /ory 7z f> z wat] is conc]n$7 is told by ,fa!r ,paul ,le ,jeune1 a ,jesuit mission>y1 :o liv$ among ! ,hurons ab\t #afcf4 ,! my? beg9s ) ! usual opposition betwe5 two bro!rs1 ! ,ca9 & ,abel ( savage leg5d4 ,"o ( ! bro!rs1 nam$ ,ioskeha1 slew ! o!r1 & became ! fa!r ( mank9d 7z kn[n to ! ,r$ ,indians7 & ! gu>dian ( ! ,iroquois4 ,! e>? 0 at fir/ arid & /]ile1 b ,ioskeha de/roy$ ! gigantic frog :i* _h swall[$ all ! wat]s1 & guid$ ! torr5ts into smoo? /reams & lakes47#a7 7#a7 ,relations de la ,n\velle ,france1 #afcf1 p4 #ajc 7,p>is1 ,cramoisy1 #afcg74 ,n[ :]e1 outside ( ,nor? ,am]ica1 d we f9d ?is frog :o swall[$ all ! wat]8 ,we f9d him 9 ,au/ralia4 ,! aborig9es ( ,lake ,ty]s1 rem>ks ,mr4 ,br\gh ,smy?1 say t at "o "t !re 0 no wat] any:]e on ! face ( ! e>?4 ,all ! wat]s 7 conta9$ 9 ! body ( a huge frog1 & m5 & wom5 c\ld get none ( !m4 ,a c\ncil 0 held1 &444 x 0 agre$ t ! frog %\ld be made to laugh1 :5 ! wat]s w\ld run out ( 8 m\?1 & !re w\ld be pl5ty 9 all p>ts4 ,to make a long /ory %ort1 all ! animals play$ ! je/] be=e ! gigantic solemn frog1 :o sat z grave z ,l\is ,,xv4 ,i d n l buffoons :o don't make me laugh1 said t maje/ical mon>*4 ,at la/ ! eel danc$ on ! tip ( 8 tail1 & ! gravity ( ! prodigi\s ,batra*ian gave way4 ,he laugh$ till he lit]ally split 8 sides1 & ! imprison$ wat]s came ) a ru%4 ,inde$1 _m p]sons 7 dr[n$1 ?\gh ?is is n ! only ,au/ralian v]sion ( ! ,deluge4 ,! ,&aman ,isl&]s dwell at a v consid]able di/ance f ,au/ralia & f ! ,iroquois1 &1 9 ! pres5t condition ( ! natives ( ,au/ralia & ,&aman1 nei!r c\ld possibly visit ! o!r4 ,! frog 9 ! ,&aman v]sion is call$ a toad1 & he came to swall[ ! wat]s 9 ! foll[+ way3 ,"o day a woodpeck] 0 eat+ honey high up 9 ! b\ghs ( a tree4 ,f> bel[1 ! toad 0 a witness ( ! fea/1 & ask$ = "s honey4 ,well1 come up "h1 & y %all h "s1 said ! woodpeck]4 ,b h[ am ,i to climb8 ,take hold ( t creep]1 & ,i w draw y up1 said ! woodpeck]2 b all ! :ile he 0 b5t on a practical joke4 ,s ! toad got into a bucket he happ5$ to possess1 & fa/5$ ! bucket to ! creep]4 ,n[1 pull6 ,!n ! woodpeck] rais$ ! toad sl[ly to ! level ( ! b\gh :]e ! honey 01 & pres5tly let him d[n ) a run1 n only disappo9t+ ! poor toad1 b %ak+ him sev]ely4 ,! toad w5t away 9 a rage & look$ ab\t him = rev5ge4 ,a happy ?\ght occurr$ to him1 & he drank up all ! wat] ( ! riv]s & lakes4 ,birds & bea/s 7 p]i%+1 woodpeck]s among !m1 ( ?ir/4 ,! toad1 ov]joy$ at 8 success1 wi%$ to add insult to ! injury1 &1 v ?\ghtlessly1 began to dance 9 an irritat+ mann] at 8 foes4 ,b !n ! /ol5 wat]s gu%$ out ( 8 m\? 9 full volume1 & ! dr\ght soon end$4 ,"o ( ! mo/ curi\s po9ts 9 ?is my? is ! orig9 ( ! qu>rel betwe5 ! woodpeck] & ! toad4 ,! same beg9n+--! tale ( an insult put on an animal by haul+ up & lett+ him d[n ) a run--occurs 9 an ,african ,m>*547#a7 7#a7 ,br\gh ,smy?1 ,aborig9es ( ,victoria1 i4 #dbi1 #dcj2 ,br9ton1 ,am]ican ,h]o ,my?s1 i4 #ee4 ,cf4 also ,relations de la ,n\velle ,france1 #afcf1 #afdj1 #afga2 7,sag>d1 ,hi/4 du ,canada1 #afcf1 p4 #dea27 ,j\rnal ,an?rop4 ,in/41 #ahha4 ,n[ ?is /rangely diffus$ /ory ( ! slay+ ( ! frog :i* _h swall[$ all ! wat] seems to be a savage my? ( :i* ! m h]oic conflict ( ,indra ) ,vrittra 7! dragon :i* _h swall[$ all ! wat]s7 is an epic & sublim] v]sion47#a7 ,! heav5ly wat]1 :i* ,vrittra )holds f ! _w1 is usually ! prize ( ! conte/4 7#a7 ,ludwig1 ,d] ,rig-,v$a1 iii4 p4 #ccg4 ,see po/ea1 ,div9e ,my?s ( ,india4 ,! s]p5t ( ,v$ic my? is1 p]haps1 r ! robb]-gu>dian ?an ! swall[] ( ! wat]s1 b ,indra is /ill1 l ! ,iroquois ,ioskeha1 he :o w\nds ! full "o47#a7 ,?is example ( ! wide di/ribution ( a my? %[s h[ ! "q ( diffusion1 ?\gh connect$ )1 is yet di/9ct f t ( orig94 ,! advantage ( our me?od w prove to be1 t x discov]s an hi/orical & demon/rable /ate ( m9d z ! orig9 ( ! wild elem5t 9 my?4 ,aga91 ! wide preval5ce 9 ! e>lie/ times ( ?is m5tal condition w1 to a c]ta9 ext5t1 expla9 ! ,,di/ribution ( my?4 ,room mu/ be left1 ( c\rse1 = processes ( borr[+ & transmission1 b h[ ,&amanese1 ,au/ralians & ,hurons c\ld borr[ f ea* o!r is an unsolv$ problem4 7#a7 ,gub]natis1 ,zoological ,my?4 ii4 #cie1 note #b4 ,:5 ,indra kills ! s]p5t he op5s ! torr5t ( ! wat]s 7p4 #cic74 ,see also ,ait>eya ,brahmana1 translat$ by ,haug1 ii4 #dhc4 ,f9ally1 our hypo!sis is n involv$ 9 dubi\s !ories ( race4 ,to u1 my?s appe> to be affect$ 79 _! orig9s7 mu* less by ! race ?an by ! /age ( culture atta9$ by ! p :o *]i% !m4 ,a fight = ! wat]s betwe5 a mon/r\s dragon l ,vrittra & a h]oic god l ,indra is a nobl] affair ?an a qu>rel = ! wat]s betwe5 a woodpeck] & a toad4 ,b ! improvem5t & transfiguration1 s to speak1 ( a my? at bottom ! same is due to ! sup]ior culture1 n to ! peculi> race1 ( ! ,v$ic poets1 except s f> z culture itself dep5ds on race4 ,h[ f> ! pur] culture 0 atta9$ to by ! orig9al sup]iority ( ! ,aryan ov] ! ,&aman bre$1 x is n necess>y = our purpose to inquire4 ,?us1 on ! :ole1 we may claim = our sy/em a c]ta9 demon/rable "*1 :i* helps to simplify ! problems ( my?ology1 & to remove !m f ! realm ( fanciful guesses & conflict+ etymological conjectures into t ( sob] sci5ce4 ,t ^! pret5sions are n unackn[l$g$ ev5 by my?ologi/s tra9$ 9 o!r s*ools is prov$ by ! rem>ks ( ,dr4 ,tiele47#a7 7#a7 ,rev4 de l',hi/4 des ,rel41 ,le ,my! de ,cronos1 ,janu>y1 #ahhf4 ,dr4 ,tiele is n1 x mu/ be not$1 a ?or\gh adh]5t ( our !ory4 ,see ,mod]n ,my?ology3 ,! ,"q ( ,allies4 ,dr4 ,tiele writes3 ,if ,i 7 oblig$ to *oose betwe5 ?is me?od 7! sy/em "h advocat$7 & t ( comp>ative philology1 x is ! =m] t ,i w\ld adopt )\t ! slighte/ hesitation4 ,?is me?od alone enables u to expla9 ! fact1 :i* has s (t5 provok$ amazem5t1 t p s ref9$ z ! ,greeks1444 or s rude1 b morally pure1 z ! ,g]mans1444 manag$ to attribute to _! gods all mann] ( c[>dly1 cruel & disord]ly conduct4 ,?is me?od alone expla9s ! :y & :]e=e ( all ^? /range metamorphoses ( gods into bea/s & plants1 & ev5 /ones1 :i* sc&alis$ philosoph]s1 & :i* ! witty ,ovid play$ on = ! div]sion ( 8 contempor>ies4 ,9 %ort1 ?is me?od tea*es u to recognise 9 all ^? /range /ories ! survivals ( a b>b>ic age1 long pass$ away1 b endur+ to lat] times 9 ! =m ( religi\s traditions1 ( all traditions ! mo/ p]si/5t4444 ,f9ally1 ?is me?od alone enables u to expla9 ! orig9 ( my?s1 because x endeav\rs to /udy !m 9 _! rude/ & mo/ primitive %ape1 ?us all[+ _! true significance to be mu* m cle>ly app>5t ?an x c be 9 ! my?s 7s (t5 t\*$1 ret\*$1 augm5t$ & humanis$7 :i* are curr5t among races arriv$ at a c]ta9 degree ( culture4 ,! me?od is to ?is ext5t applaud$ by a mo/ compet5t au?ority1 & x has be5 w>mly accept$ by a di/+ui%$ ,fr5* s*ool ( /ud5ts1 repres5t$ by ,m4 ,gaidoz4 ,b x is obvi\s t ! me?od re/s on a d\ble hypo!sis3 fir/1 t satisfactory evid5ce z to ! m5tal conditions ( ! l[] & backw>d races is obta9able2 second1 t ! civilis$ races 7h[ev] !y began7 ei!r pass$ ?r\gh ! savage /ate ( ?\ght & practice1 or borr[$ v freely f p 9 t condition4 ,^! hypo!ses h be5 attack$ by oppon5ts2 ! tru/wor?9ess ( our evid5ce1 especially1 has be5 assail$4 ,by way ( facilitat+ ! c\rse ( ! exposition & ( less5+ ! di/urb+ elem5t ( controv]sy1 a reply to ! objections & a def5ce ( ! evid5ce has be5 relegat$ to an ,app5dix47#a7 ,mean:ile we g on to exam9e ! peculi> *>act]i/ics ( ! m5tal condition ( savages & ( peoples 9 ! l[] & upp] b>b>isms4 7#a7 ,app5dix ,b4 ,,*apt] ,,iii4 ,,! ,,m5tal ,,condition ,,( ,,savages--,,confusion ,,) ,,nature--,,totemism4 ,! m5tal condition ( savages ! basis ( ! irrational elem5t 9 my?--,*>act]i/ics ( t condition3 7#a7 ,confusion ( all ?+s 9 an equality ( presum$ animation & intellig5ce2 7#b7 ,belief 9 sorc]y2 7#c7 ,spiritualism2 7#d7 ,curiosity2 7#e7 ,easy cr$ulity & m5tal indol5ce--,! curiosity is satisfi$1 ?anks to ! cr$ulity1 by my?s 9 answ] to all inquiries--,evid5ce = ?is--,mr4 ,tylor's op9ion--,mr4 ,im ,?urn--,jesuit mission>ies' ,relations--,examples ( confusion betwe5 m51 plants1 bea/s & o!r natural objects--,reports ( travell]s--,evid5ce f in/itution ( totemism--,def9ition ( totemism--,totemism 9 ,au/ralia1 ,africa1 ,am]ica1 ! ,oceanic ,isl&s1 ,india1 ,nor? ,asia--,conclusions3 ,totemism be+ f\nd s widely di/ribut$1 is a pro( ( ! exi/5ce ( t savage m5tal condition 9 :i* no l9e is drawn betwe5 m5 & ! o!r ?+s 9 ! _w4 ,?is confusion is "o ( ! *>act]i/ics ( my? 9 all races4 ,we set out to discov] a /age ( human intellectual developm5t :i* w\ld necess>ily produce ! ess5tial elem5ts ( my?4 ,we ?9k we h f\nd t /age 9 ! condition ( savag]y4 ,we n[ proce$ to array ! evid5ce = ! m5tal processes ( savages4 ,we int5d to demon/rate ! exi/5ce 9 practical savage life ( ! ideas :i* mo/ surprise u :5 we f9d !m 9 civilis$ sacr$ leg5ds4 ,= ! purposes ( ?is inquiry1 x is en\gh to select a few special peculi>ities ( savage ?\ght4 #a4 ,fir/ we h t nebul\s & confus$ frame ( m9d to :i* all ?+s1 animate or inanimate1 human1 animal1 vegetable1 or inorganic1 seem on ! same level ( life1 passion & reason4 ,! savage1 at all ev5ts :5 my?-mak+1 draws no h>d & fa/ l9e betwe5 himself & ! ?+s 9 ! _w4 ,he reg>ds himself z lit]ally ak9 to animals & plants & heav5ly bodies2 he attributes sex & procreative p[]s ev5 to /ones & rocks1 & he assigns human spee* & human feel+s to sun & moon & />s & w9d1 no less ?an to bea/s1 birds & fi%es47#a7 7#a7 ,s fas/ au* das ,alt]?um ihr5 ,unt]s*i$ von d5 ,m5s*5 ganz &]s als die spat]e ,zeit4--,grimm1 quot$ by ,liebre*t1 ,zur ,volkskunde1 p4 #ag4 #b4 ,! second po9t to note 9 savage op9ion is ! belief 9 magic & sorc]y4 ,! _w & all ! ?+s 9 x be+ vaguely conceiv$ ( z s5sible & rational1 obey ! comm&s ( c]ta9 memb]s ( ! tribe1 *iefs1 juggl]s1 conjurors1 or :at y w4 ,rocks op5 at _! ord]1 riv]s dry up1 animals are _! s]vants & hold conv]se ) !m4 ,^! magicians cause or heal diseases1 & c comm& ev5 ! wea!r1 br++ ra9 or ?und] or sun%9e at _! w47#a7 ,!re are few sup]natural attributes ( cl\d-compell+ ,zeus or ( ,apollo t are n freely assign$ to ! tribal conjuror4 ,by virtue1 d\btless1 ( ! community ( nature betwe5 man & ! ?+s 9 ! _w1 ! conjuror 7l ,zeus or ,indra7 c assume at w ! %ape ( any animal1 or c metamorphose 8 neighb\rs or enemies into animal =ms4 7#a7 ,see ,ro? 9 ,nor?-,we/ ,c5tral ,que5sl& ,aborig9es1 *apt] xii41 #ahig4 #c4 ,ano!r peculi>ity ( savage belief naturally connects itself ) t :i* has j be5 describ$4 ,! savage has v /rong ideas ab\t ! p]si/5t exi/5ce ( ! s\ls ( ! dead4 ,!y reta9 mu* ( _! old nature1 b are (t5 m malignant aft] dea? ?an !y _h be5 dur+ life4 ,!y are frequ5tly at ! beck & call ( ! conjuror1 :om !y aid ) _! advice & ) _! magical p[]4 ,by virtue ( ! close connection already spok5 ( betwe5 man & ! animals1 ! s\ls ( ! dead are n r>ely suppos$ to migrate into ! bodies ( bea/s1 or to rev]t to ! condition ( t species ( creatures ) :i* ea* tribe supposes itself to be relat$ by ties ( k9%ip or fri5d%ip4 ,) ! usual inconsi/5cy ( my?ical belief1 ! s\ls ( ! dead are spok5 (1 at o!r times1 z if !y inhabit$ a spiritual _w1 sometimes a p>adise ( fl[]s1 sometimes a gloomy place1 :i* mortal m5 may visit1 b :5ce no "o c escape :o has ta/$ ( ! food ( ! gho/s4 #d4 ,9 connection ) spirits a f>-rea*+ savage philosophy prevails4 ,x is n unusual to assign a gho/ to all objects1 animate or inanimate1 & ! _s or /r5g? ( a man is frequ5tly reg>d$ z some?+ sep>able1 capable ( be+ locat$ 9 an ext]nal object1 or some?+ ) a def9ite locality 9 ! body4 ,a man's /r5g? & _s may reside 9 8 kidney fat1 9 8 he>t1 9 a lock ( 8 hair1 or may ev5 be /or$ by him 9 "s sep>ate receptacle4 ,v frequ5tly a man is held capable ( deta*+ 8 s\l f 8 body1 & lett+ x roam ab\t on 8 bus9ess1 sometimes 9 ! =m ( a bird or o!r animal4 #e4 ,_m m9or savage beliefs might be nam$1 su* z ! common fai? 9 fri5dly or protect+ animals1 & ! notion t natural dea?s 7z we call !m7 are always ,,unnatural1 t dea? is always caus$ by "s ho/ile _s or conjuror4 ,f ?is op9ion comes ! my? t man is naturally n subject to dea?3 t dea? 0 someh[ introduc$ into ! _w by a mi/ake or misde$ is a coroll>y4 7,see ,my?s ( ! ,orig9 ( ,dea? 9 ,mod]n ,my?ology47 #f4 ,"o m m5tal peculi>ity ( ! savage m9d rema9s to be consid]$ 9 ?is brief summ>y4 ,! savage1 l ! civilis$ man1 is curi\s4 ,! fir/ fa9t impulses ( ! sci5tific _s are at "w 9 8 bra92 he is anxi\s to give himself an acc\nt ( ! _w 9 :i* he f9ds himself4 ,b he is n m curi\s ?an he is1 on occasion1 cr$ul\s4 ,8 intellect is eag] to ask que/ions1 z is ! habit ( *ildr51 b 8 intellect is also lazy1 & he is cont5t ) ! fir/ answ] t comes to h&4 ,ils s'arret5t aux premi]es notions qu'ils en ont1 says ,p]e ,hi]ome ,lalemant47#a7 ,no?+1 says ,s*oolcraft1 is too capaci\s 7sic7 = ,indian belief47#b7 ,! replies to 8 que/ions he receives f tradition or 7:5 a new problem arises7 evolves an answ] = himself 9 ! %ape ( ,,/ories4 ,j z ,socrates1 9 ! ,platonic dialogues1 recalls or inv5ts a my? 9 ! despair ( reason1 s ! savage has a /ory = answ] to almo/ e "q t he c ask himself4 ,^! /ories are 9 a s5se sci5tific1 because !y attempt a solution ( ! riddles ( ! _w4 ,!y are 9 a s5se religi\s1 because !re is usually a sup]natural p[]1 a deus ex ma*9a1 ( "s sort to cut ! knot ( ! problem4 ,su* /ories1 !n1 are ! sci5ce1 & to a c]ta9 ext5t ! religi\s tradition1 ( savages47#c7 7#a7 ,relations de la ,n\velle ,france1 #afdh1 p4 #gj4 7#b7 ,algic ,rese>*es1 i4 #da4 7#c7 ,! ,indians 7,algonk9s7 convey$ in/ruction--moral1 me*anical & religi\s--?r\gh tradition>y fictions & tales4--,s*oolcraft1 ,algic ,rese>*es1 i4 #ab4 ,n[ ^! tales are necess>ily ca/ 9 ! m\ld ( ! savage ideas ( :i* a sket* has be5 giv54 ,! *anges ( ! heav5ly bodies1 ! processes ( day & night1 ! exi/5ce ( ! />s1 ! inv5tion ( ! arts1 ! orig9 ( ! _w 7z f> z kn[n to ! savage71 ( ! tribe1 ( ! v>i\s animals & plants1 ! orig9 ( dea? itself1 ! orig9 ( ! p]plex+ traditional tribal cu/oms1 are all acc\nt$ = 9 /ories4 ,at ! same "t1 an actual div9e ,mak] is sometimes po/ulat$4 ,! /ories1 aga91 are fa%ion$ 9 accordance ) ! beliefs already nam$3 ! belief 9 human connection ) & k9%ip ) bea/s & plants2 ! belief 9 magic2 ! belief 9 ! p]petual possibility ( metamorphosis or %ape %ift+2 ! belief 9 ! p]man5ce & p[] ( ! gho/s ( ! dead2 ! belief 9 ! p]sonal & animat$ "* ( all ! ?+s 9 ! _w1 & s =?4 ,no m ne$ be said to expla9 ! wild & 7z x seems to u mod]ns7 ! irrational "* ( savage my?4 ,x is a jungle ( fooli% fancies1 a walpurgis na*t ( gods & bea/s & m5 & />s & gho/s1 all mov+ madly on a level ( common p]sonality & animation1 & all *ang+ %apes at r&om1 z p>tn]s are *ang$ 9 "s fanta/ic wit*es' revel4 ,su* is savage my?ology1 & h[ c\ld x be o!rwise :5 we consid] ! elem5ts ( ?\ght & belief out ( :i* x is ma9ly compos$8 ,we %all see t "p ( ! my?ology ( ! ,greeks or ! ,aryans ( ,india is b a simil> walpurgis na*t1 9 :i* an ince/u\s or amor\s god may become a bea/1 & ! object ( 8 pursuit1 once a woman1 may also become a bea/1 & !n %ift %apes to a tree or a bird or a />4 ,b 9 ! civilis$ races ! g5ius ( ! p t5ds to suppress1 exclude & ref9e away ! wild elem5t1 :i*1 h[ev]1 is nev] :olly elim9at$4 ,! ,er9yes soon /op ! m\? ( ! horse ( ,a*illes :5 he beg9s1 l ! horse 9 ,grimm's ,goose ,girl1 to hold a su/a9$ conv]sation47#a7 ,b ! anci5t1 cruel1 & grotesque savage elem5t1 ne>ly ov]come by ,hom] & greatly r$uc$ by ! ,v$ic poets1 breaks out aga9 9 ,hesiod1 9 temple leg5ds & ,brahmanic glosses1 & f9ally proves s /rong t x c only be subdu$ by ,*ri/ianity1 or r by t break betwe5 ! educat$ classes & ! traditional pa/ ( religion :i* has result$ f ,*ri/ianity4 ,ev5 s1 my? l+]s 9 ! folk-lore ( ! non-progressive classes ( ,europe1 &1 z 9 ,r\mania1 invades religion4 7#a7 ,iliad1 xix4 #dah4 ,we h n[ to demon/rate ! exi/5ce 9 ! savage intellect ( ! v>i\s ideas & habits :i* we h describ$1 & out ( :i* my?ology spr+s4 ,fir/1 we h to %[ t a nebul\s & confus$ /ate ( m9d1 to :i* all ?+s1 animate or inanimate1 human1 animal1 vegetable or inorganic1 seem on ! same level ( life1 passion & reason1 does really exi/47#a7 ,! exi/5ce ( ?is condition ( ! intellect w be demon/rat$ fir/ on ! evid5ce ( ! /atem5ts ( civilis$ obs]v]s1 next on ! evid5ce ( ! savage in/itutions 9 :i* x is embodi$4 7#a7 ,creuz] & ,guigniaut1 vol4 i4 p4 #aaa4 ,! op9ion ( ,mr4 ,tylor is naturally ( great value1 z x is =m$ on z wide an acqua9tance ) ! views ( ! l[] races z any inquir]s c hope to possess4 ,mr4 ,tylor obs]ves3 ,we h to in=m ourselves ( ! savage man's idea1 :i* is v diff]5t f ! civilis$ man's1 ( ! nature ( ! l[] animals4444 ,! s5se ( an absolute psy*ical di/9ction betwe5 man & bea/1 s preval5t 9 ! civilis$ _w1 is h>dly to be f\nd among ! l[] races47#a7 ,! univ]sal attribution ( s\ls to all ?+s--! !ory kn[n z ,animism--is ano!r pro( t ! savage draws no h>d & fa/ l9e betwe5 man & ! o!r ?+s 9 ! _w4 ,! notion ( ! ,italian c\ntry-p1 t cruelty to an animal does n matt] because x is n a ,*ri/ian1 has no p>allel 9 ! philosophy ( ! savage1 to :om all objects seem to h s\ls1 j z m5 h4 ,mr4 ,im ,?urn f\nd ! abs5ce ( any s5se ( a diff]5ce betwe5 man & nature a *>act]i/ic ( 8 native companions 9 ,guiana4 ,! v phrase1 ',m5 & o!r animals1' or ev51 z x is (t5 express$1 ',m5 & animals1' bas$ z x is on ! sup]iority :i* civilis$ man feels ov] o!r animals1 expresses a di*otomy :i* is 9 no way recognis$ by ! ,indian4444 ,x is !re=e mo/ important to realise h[ comp>atively small really is ! diff]5ce betwe5 m5 9 a /ate ( savag]y & o!r animals1 & h[ completely ev5 su* diff]5ce z exi/s escapes ! notice ( savage m5444 ,x is n1 !re=e1 too mu* to say t1 accord+ to ! view ( ! ,indians1 o!r animals diff] f m5 only 9 bodily =m & 9 _! v>i\s degrees ( /r5g?2 9 _s !y d n diff] at all47#b7 ,! ,indian's notion ( ! life ( plants & /ones is on ! same level ( unreason1 z we mod]ns reckon reason4 ,he believes 9 ! spirits ( rocks & /ones1 undet]r$ by ! abs5ce ( motion 9 ^! objects4 ,n only _m rocks1 b also _m wat]falls1 /reams1 & inde$ mat]ial objects ( e sort1 are suppos$ ea* to consi/ ( a body & a _s1 z does man47#c7 ,x is n our bus9ess to ask "h h[ m5 came by ! belief 9 univ]sal animation4 ,t belief is gradually )drawn1 di/9ctions are gradually introduc$1 z civilisation & k advance4 ,x is en\gh = u if ! failure to draw a h>d & fa/ l9e betwe5 man & bea/s1 /ones & plants1 be practically univ]sal among savages1 & if x gradually disappe>s be=e ! full] k ( civilisation4 ,! report :i* ,mr4 ,im ,?urn br+s f ! ,indians ( ,guiana is confirm$ by :at ,s*oolcraft says ( ! ,algonk9 races ( ! nor!rn "p ( ! cont95t4 ,! belief ( ! n>rators & li/5]s 9 e wild & improbable ?+ told helps wond]fully 9 ! orig9al /ories1 9 jo9+ all p>ts toge!r4 ,! ,indian believes t ! :ole visible & invisible creation is animat$4444 ,to make ! matt] worse1 ^! tribes believe t animals ( ! l[e/ z well z highe/ class 9 ! *a9 ( creation are alike end[$ ) reason+ p[]s & faculties4 ,z a natural conclusion !y end[ birds1 bea/s & all o!r animals ) s\ls47#d7 ,z an example ( ! ease ) :i* ! savage recognises consci\sness & volunt>y motion ev5 9 /ones1 may be cit$ ,kohl's acc\nt ( ! beliefs ( ! ,objibeways47#e7 ,ne>ly e ,indian has discov]$1 he says1 an object 9 :i* he places special confid5ce1 & to :i* he sacrifices m zeal\sly ?an to ! ,great ,_s4 ,! hope ( ,otamigan 7a companion ( ! travell]7 0 a rock1 :i* once advanc$ to meet him1 sway$1 b[$ & w5t back aga94 ,ano!r ,indian rev]$ a ,canadian l>*1 because he once he>d a v rem>kable ru/l+ 9 its bran*es4 ,x ?us appe>s t :ile ! savage has a g5]al k9d ( s5se t inanimate ?+s are animat$1 he is a good deal impress$ by _! conduct :5 he ?9ks t !y actually display _! animation4 ,9 ! same way a dev\t mod]n spirituali/ probably reg>ds ) m rev]5ce a table :i* he has se5 danc+ & he>d rapp+ ?an a table at :i* he has only d9$4 ,ano!r g5]al /atem5t ( failure to draw ! l9e betwe5 m5 & ! irrational creation is f\nd 9 ! old ,jesuit mission>y ,le ,jeune's ,relations de la ,n\velle ,france47#f7 ,les sauvages se p]suad5t que non seulem5t les hommes et les autres animaux1 mais aussi que t\tes les autres *oses sont animees4 ,aga93 ,ils ti5n5t les poissons raisonnables1 comme aussi les c]fs4 ,9 ! ,solomon ,isl&s1 ,mr4 ,romilly sail$ ) an old *ief :o us$ viol5t language to ! waves :5 !y ?reat5$ to da% ov] ! boat1 & old ,takki's exhortations 7 successful47#g7 ,waitz7#h7 discov]s ! same attitude t[>ds ! animals among ! negroes4 ,man1 9 _! op9ion1 is by no means a sep>ate sort ( p]son on ! summit ( nature & high above ! bea/s2 ^! he r reg>ds z d>k & enigmatic be+s1 ^: life is full ( my/]y1 & :i* he !re=e consid]s n[ z 8 inf]iors1 n[ z 8 sup]iors4 ,a collection ( evid5ce z to ! savage failure to discrim9ate betwe5 human & non-human1 animate & inanimate1 has be5 br\ght toge!r by ,sir ,john ,lubbock47#i7 7#a7 ,primitive ,culture1 i4 #afg-afi4 7#b7 ,among ! ,indians ( ,guiana 7#ahhc71 p4 #cej4 7#c7 ,op4 ,cit41 #cee4 7#d7 ,s*oolcraft1 ,algic ,rese>*es1 i4 #da4 7#e7 ,kohl1 ,w&]+s ,r\nd ,lake ,sup]ior1 pp4 #eh1 #ei2 ,mull]1 ,am]ikan ,urrelig41 pp4 #fb-fg4 7#f7 #afcf1 p4 #aji4 7#g7 ,we/]n ,pacific1 p4 #hd4 7#h7 ,an?ropologie d] ,natur-,volk]1 ii4 #agg4 7#i7 ,orig9 ( ,civilisation1 p4 #cc4 ,a numb] ( examples ( ?is m5tal attitude among ! ,bu%m5 w be f\nd 9 *ap4 v41 po/ea4 ,to a race accu/om$ l ourselves to arrange & classify1 to p famili> f *ildhood & its games ) vegetable1 animal & m9]al1 a condition ( m9d 9 :i* no su* di/9ctions are drawn1 any m ?an !y are drawn 9 ,greek or ,brahmanic my?s1 mu/ naturally seem l :at ,mr4 ,max ,mull] calls tempor>y insanity4 ,! imag9ation ( ! savage has be5 def9$ by ,mr4 ,tylor z midway betwe5 ! conditions ( a heal?y1 prosaic1 mod]n citiz51 & ( a rav+ fanatic1 or ( a pati5t 9 a fev]-w>d4 ,if any relics ( su* imag9ation survive 9 civilis$ my?ology1 !y w v closely resemble ! productions ( a once univ]sal tempor>y insanity4 ,let x be grant$1 !n1 t to ! l[] tribes ( man1 sun & />s1 trees & riv]s1 w9ds & cl\ds1 become p]sonal1 animate creatures1 lead+ lives con=m$ to human or animal analogies1 & p]=m+ _! special functions 9 ! univ]se ) ! aid ( limbs l bea/s1 or ( artificial in/rum5ts l m52 or t :at m5's eyes behold is b ! in/rum5t to be us$ or ! mat]ial to be %ap$1 :ile beh9d x !re /&s "s prodigi\s b yet half-human creature1 :o grasps x ) 8 h&s or bl[s x ) 8 brea?4 ,! basis on :i* su* ideas z ^! are built is n to be n>r[$ d[n to poetic fancy & trans=m$ metaphor4 ,!y re/ ^u a broad philosophy ( nature2 e>ly & crude1 inde$1 b ?\ghtful1 consi/5t1 & q really & s]i\sly meant47#a7 7#a7 ,primtive ,culture1 i4 #bhe4 ,= ! sake ( illu/ration1 "s m9or examples mu/ next be giv5 ( ?is confusion betwe5 man & o!r ?+s 9 ! _w1 :i* w pres5tly be illu/rat$ by ! te/imony ( a p[]ful & long diffus$ set ( in/itutions4 ,! ,*ri/ian ,qui*es ( ,guatemala believe t ea* ( !m has a bea/ z 8 fri5d & protector1 j z 9 ! ,highl&s ! dog is ! fri5d ( ! ,macla9es4 ,:5 ! ,f9ns1 9 _! epic poem ! ,kalewala1 h kill$ a be>1 !y implore ! animal to =give !m4 ,oh1 ,ot-s1 *ant ! s+]s1 be n angry t we come ne> !e4 ,! be>1 ! honey-foot$ be>1 0 born 9 l&s betwe5 sun & moon1 & he di$1 n by m5's h&s1 b ( 8 own w47#a7 ,! ,r$ ,m5 ( ,nor? ,am]ica7#b7 h a tradition %[+ h[ x is t ! be> does n die1 b1 l ,h]odotus ) ! sacr$ /ories ( ! ,egyptian prie/s1 ,mr4 ,s*oolcraft _c induce himself to write x out47#c7 ,x is a mo/ curi\s fact t ! natives ( ,au/ralia tell a simil> tale ( ,,_! native be>4 ,he did n die :5 attack$ by m547#d7 ,9 p>ts ( ,au/ralia x is a great (f5ce to sk9 ! native be>1 j z on a "p ( ! we/ coa/ ( ,irel&1 :]e seals are sup]/iti\sly reg>d$1 ! p _c be brib$ to sk9 !m4 ,9 ,new ,cal$onia1 :5 a *ild tries to kill a liz>d1 ! m5 w>n him to bew>e ( kill+ 8 own ance/or47#e7 ,! ,zulus sp>e to de/roy a c]ta9 species ( s]p5ts1 believ$ to be ! spirits ( k9sm51 z ! great snake :i* appe>$ :5 ,a5eas did sacrifice 0 held to be ! gho/ ( ,an*ises4 ,mexican wom57#f7 believ$ t *ildr5 born dur+ an eclipse turn into mice4 ,9 ,au/ralia ! natives believe t ! wild dog has ! p[] ( spee*2 :oev] li/5s to him is petrifi$2 & a c]ta9 spot is %[n :]e ! wild dog spoke & turn$ ! m5 into /one27#g7 & ! blacks run = _! lives z soon z ! dog beg9s to speak4 ,:at x said 0 ,bones4 7#a7 ,kalewala1 9 ,la ,f9l&e1 ,le\zon ,le ,duc 7#ahde71 vol4 ii4 p4 #ajj2 cf4 also ! ,introduction4 7#b7 ,s*oolcraft1 v4 #dbj4 7#c7 ,see simil> c]emonies propitiatory ( ! be> 9 ,jewett's ,adv5tures among ! ,nootkas1 ,ed9burgh1 #ahbd4 7#d7 ,br\gh ,smy?1 i4 #ddi4 7#e7 ,j4 ,j4 ,atk9son's ,,ms4 7#f7 ,sahagun1 ii4 viii4 #bej2 ,bancr(t1 iii4 #aaa4 ,comp>e /ories ( wom5 :o give bir? to animals 9 ,melus9e1 #ahhf1 ,augu/-,novemb]4 ,! ,batavians believe t wom51 :5 deliv]$ ( a *ild1 are frequ5tly deliv]$ at ! same "t ( a "y crocodile z a tw94 ,hawkeswor?'s ,voyages1 iii4 #gef4 ,liebre*t1 ,zur ,volkskunde1 p4 #ag et seq4 7#g7 ,br\gh ,smy?1 ,aborig9es ( ,victoria1 i4 #dig4 ,^! are m9or examples ( a =m ( op9ion :i* is s /rong t x is actually ! *ief con/itu5t 9 savage society4 ,t society1 :e!r 9 ,a%antee or ,au/ralia1 9 ,nor? ,am]ica or ,s\? ,africa1 or ,nor? ,asia or ,india1 or among ! wild] tribes ( anci5t ,p]u1 is bas$ on an in/itution g5]ally call$ totemism4 ,?is v extraord9>y in/itution1 :atev] its orig91 _c h aris5 except among m5 capable ( conceiv+ k9%ip & all human relation%ips z exi/+ betwe5 !mselves & all animate & inanimate ?+s4 ,x is ! rule1 & n ! exception1 t savage societies are f\nd$ ^u ?is belief4 ,! political & social conduct ( ! backw>d races is regulat$ 9 su* matt]s z blood-feud & m>riage by !ories ( ! actual k9dr$ & connection by desc5t1 or by old fri5d%ip1 :i* m5 h 9 common ) bea/s1 plants1 ! sun & moon1 ! />s1 & ev5 ! w9d & ! ra94 ,n[1 9 :atev] way ?is belief 9 su* relations to bea/s & plants may h aris51 x und\bt$ly te/ifies to a condition ( m9d 9 :i* no h>d & fa/ l9e 0 drawn betwe5 man & animate & inanimate nature4 ,! discov]y ( ! wide di/ribution ( ! social arrangem5ts bas$ on ?is belief is entirely due to ,mr4 ,j4 ,f4 ,m',l5nan1 ! au?or ( ,primitive ,m>riage4 ,mr4 ,m',l5nan's essays 7,! ,wor%ip ( ,plants & ,animals1 ,totems & ,totemism7 7 publi%$ 9 ! ,=tnightly ,review1 #ahfi-ga4 ,any foll[] 9 ! foot/eps ( ,mr4 ,m',l5nan has x 9 8 p[] to add a little evid5ce to t orig9ally set =?1 & p]haps to sift ! some:at uncritical au?orities adduc$47#a7 7#a7 ,see also ,mr4 ,fraz]'s ,totemism1 & ,gold5 ,b\gh1 ) *apt] on ,totemism 9 ,mod]n ,my?ology4 ,! "n ,totemism or ,totamism 0 fir/ appli$ at ! end ( ! la/ c5tury by ,long7#a7 to ! ,r$ ,indian cu/om :i* ackn[l$ges human k9%ip ) animals4 ,?is in/itution _h already be5 recognis$ among ! ,iroquois by ,lafitau17#b7 & by o!r obs]v]s4 ,z to ! ^w totem1 ,mr4 ,max ,mull]7#c7 quotes an op9ion t ! int]pret]s1 mission>ies1 ,gov]nm5t inspectors1 & o!rs :o apply ! "n totem to ! ,indian family m>k mu/ h be5 ignorant ( ! ,indian languages1 = !re is 9 !m no su* ^w z totem4 ,! "r ^w1 x appe>s1 is otem2 b z totemism has ! advantage ( possess+ ! gr\nd1 we pref] to say totemism r ?an otemism4 ,! facts are ! same1 :atev] "n we give !m4 ,z ,mr4 ,mull] says himself17#d7 e w>rior has 8 cre/1 :i* is call$ 8 totem27#e7 & he goes on to describe a totem ( an ,indian :o di$ ab\t #agic4 ,we may n[ return to ! consid]ation ( otemism or totemism4 ,we approa* x r z a fact 9 ! sci5ce ( my?ology ?an z a /age 9 ! evolution ( ! mod]n family sy/em4 ,= u totemism is int]e/+ because x proves ! exi/5ce ( t savage m5tal attitude :i* assumes k9dr$ & alliance betwe5 man & ! ?+s 9 ! _w4 ,z w aft]w>ds be se51 totemism has also left its m>k on ! my?ologies ( ! civilis$ races4 ,we %all exam9e ! in/itution fir/ z x is f\nd 9 ,au/ralia1 because ! ,au/ralian =m ( totemism %[s 9 ! highe/ kn[n degree ! savage habit ( confus+ 9 a community ( k9%ip m51 />s1 plants1 bea/s1 ! heav5ly bodies1 & ! =ces ( ,nature4 ,:5 ?is has once be5 elucidat$1 a %ort] notice ( o!r totemi/ic races w s]ve our purpose4 7#a7 ,voyages & ,travels1 #agia4 7#b7 ,moeurs des ,sauvages 7#agbd71 p4 #dfa4 7#c7 ,academy1 ,decemb] #ae1 #ahhc4 7#d7 ,select$ ,essays 7#ahha71 ii4 #cgf4 7#e7 ,comp>e ,mr4 ,max ,mull]'s ,contributions to ! ,sci5ce ( ,my?ology4 ,! society ( ! ,murri or black fell[s ( ,au/ralia is divid$ into local tribes1 ea* ( :i* possesses1 or us$ to possess1 & hunt ov] a consid]able tract ( c\ntry4 ,^! local tribes are unit$ by contiguity1 & by common local int]e/s1 b n necess>ily by blood k9%ip4 ,= example1 ! ,port ,mackay tribe1 ! ,m\nt ,gambi] tribe1 ! ,ball>at tribe1 all take _! names f _! di/rict4 ,9 ! same way we might speak ( ! p ( ,/ra?clyde or ( ,nor?umbria 9 e>ly ,engli% hi/ory4 ,n[1 all ^! local tribes conta9 an indef9ite numb] ( /ocks ( k9dr$1 ( m5 believ+ !mselves to be relat$ by ! ties ( blood & common desc5t4 ,t desc5t ! gr\ps agree 9 trac+1 n f "s real or idealis$ human p>5t1 b f "s animal1 plant1 or o!r natural object1 z ! kang>oo1 ! emu1 ! iguana1 ! pelican1 & s =?4 ,p]sons ( ! pelican /ock 9 ! nor? ( ,que5sl& reg>d !mselves z relations ( p ( ! same /ock 9 ! mo/ s\!rn p>ts ( ,au/ralia4 ,! creature f :i* ea* tribe claims desc5t is call$ ( ! same fle%1 :ile p]sons ( ano!r /ock are fre% fle%4 ,a native may n m>ry a woman ( 8 own fle%2 x is only a woman ( fre% or /range fle% he may m>ry4 ,a man may n eat an animal ( 8 own fle%2 he may only eat /range fle%4 ,only "u great /ress ( ne$ w an ,au/ralian eat ! animal :i* is ! fle%-&-blood c\s9 & protector ( 8 /ock47#a7 7,^! rules ( m>riage & blood1 h[ev]1 d n apply among ! ,arunta ( ,c5tral ,au/ralia1 ^: ,totems 7if ,totems !y %\ld be call$7 h be5 develop$ on v diff]5t l9es47#b77 ,cle>] evid5ce ( ! confusion betwe5 man & bea/1 ( ! claim+ ( k9 betwe5 man & bea/1 c\ld h>dly be4 7#a7 ,dawson1 ,aborig9es1 pp4 #bf1 #bg2 ,h[itt & ,fison1 ,kamil>oi & ,kurnai1 p4 #afi4 7#b7 ,sp5c] & ,gill51 ,native ,tribes ( ,c5tral ,au/ralia4 ,b ! ,au/ralian philosophy ( ! int]communion ( ,nature goes /ill f>!r ?an ?is4 ,besides ! local divisions & ! k9dr$ /ocks :i* trace _! desc5t f animals1 !re exi/ among _m ,au/ralian tribes divisions ( a k9d /ill unexpla9$4 ,= example1 e man ( ! ,m\nt ,gambi] local tribe is by bir? ei!r a ,kumite or a ,kroki4 ,?is classification applies to ! :ole ( ! s5sible univ]se4 ,?us smoke & honeysuckle trees belong to ! division ,kumite1 & are ak9 to ! fi%hawk /ock ( m54 ,on ! o!r h&1 ! kang>oo1 summ]1 autumn1 ! w9d & ! %evak tree belong to ! division ,kroki1 & are ak9 to ! black cockatoo /ock ( m54 ,any human memb] ( ! ,kroki division has ?us = 8 bro!rs ! sun1 ! w9d1 ! kang>oo1 & ! re/2 :ile any man ( ! ,kumite division & ! cr[ surname is ! bro!r ( ! ra91 ! ?und]1 & ! w9t]4 ,?is extraord9>y belief is n a m]e idle fancy--x influ5ces conduct4 ,a man does n kill or use z food any ( ! animals ( ! same subdivision 7,kroki or ,kumite7 ) himself1 except+ :5 hung] compels1 & !n !y express sorr[ = hav+ to eat _! w+ong 7fri5ds7 or tumanang 7_! fle%74 ,:5 us+ ! la/ ^w !y t\* _! brea/s1 to indicate ! close relation%ip1 mean+ almo/ a portion ( !mselves4 ,to illu/rate3 ,"o day "o ( ! blacks kill$ a cr[4 ,?ree or f\r days aft]w>ds a ,boortwa 7a man ( ! cr[ surname & /ock71 nam$ ,l>ry1 di$4 ,he _h be5 ail+ = "s days1 b ! kill+ ( 8 w+ong 7totem7 ha/5$ 8 dea?47#a7 ,comm5t+ on ?is /atem5t1 ,mr4 ,fison obs]ves3 ,! ,s\? ,au/ralian savage looks ^u ! univ]se z ! ,great ,tribe1 to "o ( ^: divisions he himself belongs2 & all ?+s1 animate & inanimate1 :i* belong to 8 class are p>ts ( ! body corporate :]e( he himself is "p4 ,?is acc\nt ( ! ,au/ralian beliefs & cu/oms is borne out1 to a c]ta9 ext5t1 by ! evid5ce ( ,sir ,george ,grey17#b7 & ( ! late ,mr4 ,gideon ,scott ,lang47#c7 ,^! two writ]s take no acc\nt ( ! s+ul> di*otom\s divisions1 z ( ,kumite & ,kroki1 b !y draw att5tion to ! gr\ps ( k9dr$ :i* d]ive _! surnames f animals1 plants1 & ! l4 ,! orig9 ( ^! family names1 says ,sir ,george ,grey1 is attribut$ by ! natives to diff]5t causes4444 ,"o orig9 frequ5tly assign$ by ! natives is1 t !y 7 d]iv$ f "s vegetable or animal be+ v common 9 ! di/rict :i* ! family inhabit$4 ,we h se5 f ! evid5ce ( ,messrs4 ,fison & ,h[itt t a m common native explanation is bas$ on k9%ip ) ! vegetable or plant :i* be/[s ! family surname4 ,sir ,george ,gray m5tions t ! families use _! plant or animal z a cre/ or kobong 7totem71 & he adds t natives nev] will+ly kill animals ( _! kobong1 hold+ t "s "o ( t species is _! ne>e/ fri5d4 ,! consequ5ces ( eat+ =bidd5 animals v>y consid]ably4 ,sometimes ! ,boyl-yas 7t is1 gho/s7 av5ge ! crime4 ,?us :5 ,sir ,george ,grey ate "s mussels 7:i*1 aft] all1 are n ! cre/ ( ! ,greys71 a /orm foll[$1 & "o ( 8 black fell[ improvis$ ?is /ave3-- ,oh1 :]e=e did he eat ! mussels8 ,n[ ! ,boyl-yas /orms & ?und]s make2 ,oh1 :]e=e w\ld he eat ! mussels8 7#a7 ,kamil>oi & ,kurnai1 p4 #afi4 7#b7 ,travels1 ii4 #bbe4 7#c7 ,lang1 ,lecture on ,natives ( ,au/ralia1 p4 #aj4 ,!re are two po9ts 9 ! arrangem5ts ( ^! /ocks ( k9dr$ nam$ f plants & animals :i* we %all f9d to possess a high importance4 ,no memb] ( any su* k9dr$ may m>ry a woman ( ! same "n & desc5d$ f ! same object47#a7 ,?us no man ( ! ,emu /ock may m>ry an ,emu woman2 no ,blacksnake may m>ry a ,blacksnake woman1 & s =?4 ,?is po9t is v /rongly put by ,mr4 ,dawson1 :o has _h mu* exp]i5ce ( ! blacks4 ,s /rictly are ! laws ( m>riage c>ri$ out1 t1 %\ld any sign ( c\rt%ip or affection be obs]v$ betwe5 ^? '( "o fle%1' ! bro!rs or male relatives ( ! woman beat h] sev]ely4 ,if ! ince/u\s pair 7?\gh n 9 ! lea/ relat$ accord+ to our ideas7 run away toge!r1 !y are half-kill$2 & if ! woman dies 9 consequ5ce ( h] puni%m5t1 h] p>tn] 9 iniquity is beat5 aga94 ,no eric or blood-f9e ( any k9d is paid = h] dea?1 :i* c>ries no blood-feud4 ,h] puni%m5t is legal47#b7 ,?is acc\nt fully corroborates t ( ,sir ,george ,grey47#c7 7#a7 ,tapl91 ,! ,n]r9y]i4 p4 #b4 ,e tribe1 reg>d$ by !m z a family1 has its ngaitge1 or tutel>y g5ius or tribal symbol1 9 ! %ape ( "s bird1 bea/1 fi%1 reptile1 insect1 or sub/ance4 ,betwe5 individuals ( ! same tribe no m>riage c take place4 ,among ! ,n>r9y]i k9dr$ is reckon$ 7p4 #aj7 on ! fa!r's side4 ,see also 7p4 #df7 ngaitge ,samoan aitu4 ,no man or woman w kill _! ngaitge1 except ) precautions1 = food4 7#b7 ,op4 cit41 p4 #bh4 7#c7 ,ibid41 ii4 #bbj4 ,our conclusion is t ! belief 9 "o fle% 7a k9%ip %>$ ) ! animals7 mu/ be a ?or\ghly b9d+ idea1 z ! notion is sanction$ by capital puni%m5t4 ,ano!r important feature 9 ,au/ralian totemism /r5g!ns our position4 ,! idea ( ! animal k9%ip mu/ be an anci5t "o 9 ! race1 because ! family surname1 ,emu1 ,b&icoot1 or :at n1 & ! cre/1 kobong1 or protect+ & k9dr$ animal1 are inh]it$ ?r\gh ! "m's side 9 ! majority ( /ocks4 ,?is cu/om1 !re=e1 belongs to t e>ly p]iod ( human society 9 :i* ! woman is ! p]man5t & recognis$ factor 9 ! family :ile male p>5tage is unc]ta947#a7 ,"o o!r feature ( ,au/ralian totemism mu/ be m5tion$ be=e we leave ! subject4 ,!re is "s evid5ce t 9 c]ta9 tribes ! w+ong or totem ( ea* man is indicat$ by a tattoo$ repres5tation ( x ^u 8 fle%4 ,! natives are v lic5ti\s1 b m5 w\ld %r9k f an am\r ) a woman :o nei!r belong$ to _! own di/rict nor spoke _! language1 b :o1 9 spite ( t1 0 ( _! totem4 ,to avoid mi/akes1 x seems t "s tribes m>k ! totem on ! fle% ) incis$ l9es47#b7 ,! natives frequ5tly design figures ( "s k9d on ! trees gr[+ ne> ! graves ( deceas$ w>riors4 ,"s obs]v]s h fanci$ t 9 ^! designs !y recognis$ ! totem ( ! dead m52 b on ?is subject evid5ce is by no means cle>4 ,we %all see t ?is primitive sort ( h]aldry1 ?is c>v+ or pa9t+ ( h]$it>y blazons1 is common among ! ,r$ ,m5 ( ,am]ica47#c7 7#a7 ,cf4 ,ba*(51 ,das ,mutt]re*t2 ,m',l5nan1 ,primitive ,m>riage1 passim2 ,encycl4 ,brit4 s4 v4 ,family4 7#b7 ,fison1 op4 cit41 p4 #ff4 7#c7 ,among o!r rec5t s\rces see ,h[itt 9 ,organisation ( ,au/ralian ,tribes 7,transactions ( ,royal ,society ( ,victoria1 #ahhi71 & ,sp5c] & ,gill51 ,natives ( ,c5tral ,au/ralia4 ,9 ,c5tral ,au/ralia !re is a m>k$ diff]5ce 9 ! =m ( ,totemism4 ,?\gh a l>ge am\nt ( evid5ce might be add$ to t already put =w>d1 we may n[ sum up ! inf]5ces to be drawn f ! /udy ( totemism 9 ,au/ralia4 ,x has be5 %[n 7#a7 t ! natives ?9k !mselves actually ak9 to animals1 plants1 ! sun1 & ! w9d1 & ?+s 9 g5]al2 7#b7 t ^? ideas influ5ce _! conduct1 & ev5 regulate _! social arrangem5ts1 because 7#c7 m5 & wom5 ( ! k9%ip ( ! same animal or plant may n int]m>ry1 :ile m5 are oblig$ to def5d1 & 9 case ( murd] to av5ge1 p]sons ( ! /ock ( ! family or plant f :i* !y !mselves d]ive _! family "n4 ,?us1 on ! evid5ce ( in/itutions1 x is pla9 t ! ,au/ralians are 7or be=e ! influ5ce ( ! ,europeans became preval5t 77 9 a /ate ( m9d :i* draws no h>d & fa/ l9e betwe5 man & ! ?+s 9 ! _w4 ,if1 !re=e1 we f9d t 9 ,au/ralian my?1 m51 gods1 bea/s1 & ?+s all %ift %apes incessantly1 & figure 9 a coroboree dance ( confusion1 !re w be no?+ to a/oni% u 9 ! discov]y4 ,! my?s ( m5 9 ! ,au/ralian intellectual condition1 ( m5 :o hold long conv]sations ) ! little native be>1 & ask him = oracles1 w naturally & inevitably be grotesque & confus$47#a7 7#a7 ,br\gh ,smy?1 i4 #ddg1 on ,,ms4 au?ority ( ,w4 ,?omas4 ,x is a f> cry f ,au/ralia to ! ,we/ ,coa/ ( ,africa1 & x is sc>cely to be suppos$ t ! ,au/ralians h borr[$ ideas & in/itutions f ,a%antee1 or t ! p ( ,a%antee h d]iv$ _! conceptions ( ! univ]se f ! ,murri ( ,au/ralia4 ,we f9d1 h[ev]1 on ! ,we/ ,african ,coa/1 j z we d 9 ,au/ralia1 t !re exi/ l>ge local divisions ( ! natives4 ,^! divisions are spok5 ( by ,mr4 ,b[dit* 7:o visit$ ! c\ntry on a mission 9 #ahag7 z nations1 & !y are mu* m popul\s & p[]ful 7z ! p are m civilis$7 ?an ! local tribes ( ,au/ralia4 ,yet1 j z among ! local tribes ( ,au/ralia1 ! nations ( ! ,we/ ,african ,coa/ are divid$ into /ocks ( k9dr$1 ea* ,,/ock hav+ its repres5tatives 9 ea* ,,nation4 ,?us an ,a%antee or a ,fantee may belong to ! same /ock ( k9dr$ z a memb] ( ! ,ass9 or ,ak9i nation4 ,:5 an ,a%antee ( ! ,annona /ock ( k9dr$ meets a ,w>saw man ( ! same /ock !y salute & ackn[l$ge ea* o!r z bro!rs4 ,9 ! same way a ,ball>at man ( ! ,kang>oo /ock 9 ,au/ralia recognises a relative 9 a ,m\nt ,gambi] man :o is also a ,kang>oo4 ,n[1 ) "o exception1 all ! names ( ! twelve /ocks ( ,we/ ,african k9dr$s1 or at lea/ all ( !m :i* ,mr4 ,b[dit* c\ld get ! native int]pret]s to translate1 are d]iv$ f animals1 plants & o!r natural objects1 j z 9 ,au/ralia47#a7 ,?us ,quonna is a buffalo1 ,abrootoo is a corn/alk1 ,abbradi a planta94 ,o!r names are1 9 ,engli%1 ! p>rot1 ! wild cat1 r$ e>?1 pan!r & dog4 ,?us all ! natives ( ?is "p ( ,africa are p>rots1 dogs1 buffaloes1 pan!rs1 & s =?1 j z ! ,au/ralians are emus1 iguanas1 black cockatoos1 kang>oos1 & ! re/4 ,x is rem>kable t !re is an ,incra /ock1 or clan ( ants1 9 ,a%antee1 j z !re 0 a race ( ,myrmidons1 believ$ to be desc5d$ f or o!rwise connect$ ) ants1 9 anci5t ,greece4 ,?\gh ,b[dit*'s acc\nt ( ^! ,we/ ,african family divisions is brief1 ! arrangem5t tallies closely ) t ( ,au/ralia4 ,x is no great /ret* ( imag9ation to inf] t ! ,african tribes d1 or once did1 believe !mselves to be ( ! k9dr$ ( ! animals ^: names !y be>47#b7 ,x is m or less confirmatory ( ?is hypo!sis t no family is p]mitt$ to use z food ! animal f :i* x d]ives its "n4 ,we h se5 t a simil> rule prevails1 z f> z hung] & sc>city ( victuals p]mit x to be obey$1 among ! natives ( ,au/ralia4 ,! ,int*wa /ock 9 ,a%antee & ,fantee is p>ticul>ly unlucky1 because its memb]s may n eat ! dog1 mu* reli%$ by native epicures1 & !re=e a s]i\s privation4 ,equally to be piti$ 7 ! anci5t ,egyptians1 :o1 if !y belong$ to ! di/rict ( ! %eep1 might n eat mutton1 :i* _! neighb\rs1 ! ,lycopolitae1 dev\r$ at pleasure4 ,^! re/rictions appe> to be connect$ ) ! almo/ univ]sal dislike ( cannibals to eat p]sons ( _! own k9dr$ except z a pi\s duty4 ,?is law ( ! game 9 cannibalism has n yet be5 ?or\ghly exam9$1 ?\gh we (t5 he> ( w>s wag$ expressly = ! purpose ( secur+ food 7human meat71 :ile "s ,s\? ,am]ican tribes actually br$ f captive wom5 by way ( secur+ con/ant supplies ( p]mitt$ fle%47#c7 ,:5 we f9d /ocks1 !n1 :i* d]ive _! names f animals & decl9e to eat ^! animals1 we may at lea/ ,,suspect t !y once claim$ k9%ip ) ! "n-giv+ bea/s4 ,! refusal to eat !m raises a presumption ( su* fai?4 ,old ,bosman7#d7 _h notic$ ! same practices4 ,"o eats no mutton1 ano!r no goat's fle%1 ano!r no beef1 sw9e's fle%1 wild f[l1 cocks ) :ite fea!rs1 & !y say _! ance/ors did s f ! beg9n+ ( ! _w4 7#a7 ,! evid5ce ( native int]pret]s may be view$ ) suspicion4 ,x is improbable1 h[ev]1 t 9 #ahag ! int]pret]s 7 acqua9t$ ) ! totemi/ic !ory ( my?ologi/s1 & delib]ately mi/ranslat$ ! names ( ! /ocks1 s z to make !m h>monise ) ,indian1 ,au/ralian1 & ,r$ ,indian totem k9dr$s4 ,?is1 inde$1 is an example :]e ! crit]ion ( recurr5ce or co9cid5ce seems to be valuable4 ,b[dit*'s ,mission to ,a%antee 7#ahgc71 p4 #aha4 7#b7 ,?is view1 h[ev]1 does n prevail among ! totemi/ic tribes ( ,briti% ,columbia1 = example4 7#c7 ,cieza de ,leon 7,hakluyt ,society71 p4 #ej4 ,?is amaz+ tale is support$ by ! /atem5t t k9%ip w5t by ! female side 7p4 #di72 ! fa!r 0 ?us n ( ! k9 ( 8 *ild by ! ali5 woman4 ,cieza 0 ) ,validillo 9 #aech4 7#d7 ,9 ,p9k]ton1 xvi4 #djj4 ,:ile 9 ! case ( ! ,a%antee tribes1 we c only inf] ! exi/5ce ( a belief 9 k9%ip ) ! animals f ! pres5ce ( ! o!r features ( fully develop$ totemism 7especially f ! refusal to eat ! "n-giv+ animal71 we h direct evid5ce = ! op9ion 9 ano!r "p ( ,africa1 among ! ,be*uanas47#a7 ,casalis1 :o pass$ tw5ty-?ree ye>s z a mission>y 9 ,s\? ,africa1 ?us describes ! in/itution3 ,:ile ! unit$ communities usually be> ! "n ( _! *ief or ( ! di/rict :i* !y inhabit 7local tribes1 z 9 ,au/ralia71 ea* /ock 7tribu7 d]ives its title f an animal or a vegetable4 ,all ! ,be*uanas are subdivid$ ?us into ,baku5as 7crocodile-m571 ,batlapis 7m5 ( ! fi%71 ,ban>] 7( ! buffalo71 ,banukus 7porcup9es71 ,bamor>as 7wild v9es71 & s =?4 ,! ,baku5as call ! crocodile _! fa!r1 s+ ab\t him 9 _! fea/s1 swe> by him1 & m>k ! e>s ( _! cattle ) an incision :i* resembles ! op5 jaws ( ! creature4 ,?is cu/om ( m>k+ ! cattle ) ! cre/1 z x 71 ( ! /ock1 takes among "s races ! %ape ( de=m+ !mselves1 s z ! m to resemble ! animal f :i* !y claim desc5t4 ,! *ief ( ! family :i* holds ! *ief rank 9 ! /ock is call$ ',! ,great ,man ( ! ,crocodile'4 ,precisely 9 ! same way ! ,du*ess ( ,su!rl& is /yl$ 9 ,gaelic ',! ,great ,lady ( ! ,cat1' ?\gh totemism is probably n ! orig9 ( ?is title4 7#a7 ,e4 ,casalis1 ,les ,bass\tos1 #ahei4 ,casalis proce$s3 ,no "o w\ld d>e to eat ! fle% or we> ! sk9 ( ! animal ^: "n he be>s4 ,if ! animal be dang]\s--! lion1 = example--p only kill him aft] (f]+ e apology & ask+ 8 p>don4 ,purification mu/ foll[ su* a sacrifice4 ,casalis 0 mu* /ruck ) ! resemblance betwe5 ^! practices & ! simil> cu/oms ( ,nor? ,am]ican races4 ,liv+/one's acc\nt7#a7 on ! :ole corroborates t ( ,casalis1 ?\gh he says ! ,batau 7tribe ( ! lion7 no long] exi/s4 ,!y use ! ^w b9a 'to dance1' 9 ref]5ce to ! cu/om ( ?us nam+ !mselves1 s t :5 y wi% to asc]ta9 :at tribe !y belong to1 y say1 ',:at d y dance8' ,x w\ld seem z if ?is _h be5 "p ( ! wor%ip ( old4 ,! my?ological & religi\s k ( ! ,bu%m5 is /ill imp>t$ 9 dances2 & :5 a man is ignorant ( "s my? he w say1 ,i d n dance t dance1 mean+ t he does n belong to ! guild :i* pres]ves t p>ticul> sacr$ *apt]47#b7 7#a7 ,mission>y ,travels 7#aheg71 p4 #ac4 7#b7 ,orp51 ,cape ,mon?ly ,magaz9e1 #ahgb4 ,casalis notic$ ! simil>ity betwe5 ,s\? ,african & ,r$ ,indian op9ion ab\t k9%ip ) vegetables & bea/s4 ,! difficulty 9 treat+ ! ,r$ ,indian belief is *iefly f\nd 9 ! abundance ( ! evid5ce4 ,p]haps ! fir/ p]son :o ev] us$ ! ^w totemism1 or1 z he spells x1 totamism1 0 7z we said7 ,mr4 ,long1 an int]pret] among ! ,*ippeways1 :o publi%$ 8 ,voyages 9 #agia4 ,long 0 n :olly ignorant ( ! languages1 z x 0 8 bus9ess to speak !m1 & he 0 an adopt$ ,indian4 ,! c]emony ( adoption 0 pa9ful1 beg9n+ ) a fea/ ( dog's fle%1 foll[$ by a ,turki% ba? & a prolong$ process ( tattoo+47#a7 ,accord+ to ,long17#b7 ,! totam1 !y conceive1 assumes ! =m ( "s bea/ or o!r1 & !re=e !y nev] kill1 hurt1 or eat ! animal ^: =m !y ?9k ?is totam be>s4 ,"o man 0 fill$ ) religi\s appreh5sions1 & gave himself up to ! gloomy belief ( ,bunyan & ,c[p]1 t he _h committ$ ! unp>donable s91 because he dream$ he _h kill$ 8 totem1 a be>47#c7 ,?is is only "o example1 l ! refusal ( ! ,osages to kill ! beav]s1 ) :i* !y c\nt c\s9s17#d7 t ! ,r$ ,man's belief is an actual cre$1 & does influ5ce 8 conduct4 7#a7 ,long1 pp4 #df-di4 7#b7 ,ibid41 p4 #hf4 7#c7 ,ibid41 p4 #hg4 7#d7 ,s*oolcraft1 i4 #cai4 ,z 9 ,au/ralia1 ! belief 9 common k9 ) bea/s is mo/ cle>ly prov$ by ! con/ruction ( ,r$ ,indian society4 ,! totemi/ic /age ( ?\ght & mann]s prevails4 ,?us ,*>levoix says17#a7 ,plusieurs nations ont *acune trois familles ou tribus pr9cipales1 ,,aussi ,,anci5nes1 ,a ,,ce ,,qu',,il ,,p>oit1 ,,que ,,leur ,,orig9e4 ,*aque tribu porte le nom d'un animal1 et la nation enti]e a aussi le si51 dont elle pr5d le nom1 et dont la figure e/ sa m>que1 ou1 se l'on veut1 ses armoiries1 on ne signe po9t autrem5t les traites qu'en traceant ces figures4 ,among ! animal totems ,*>levoix notices porcup9e1 be>1 wolf & turtle4 ,! armoiries1 ! totemi/ic h]aldry ( ! peoples ( ,virg9ia1 greatly int]e/$ a h]aldic ance/or ( ,gibbon ! hi/orian17#b7 :o settl$ 9 ! colony4 ,accord+ to ,s*oolcraft17#c7 ! totem or family badge1 ( a dead w>rior is drawn 9 a rev]se position on 8 grave-po/4 ,9 ! same way ! leop>ds ( ,engl& are drawn rev]s$ on ! %ield ( an ,engli% k+ opposite ! m5tion ( 8 dea? 9 old monki% *ronicles4 ,z a g5]al rule17#d7 p]sons be>+ ! same totem 9 ,am]ica _c int]m>ry4 ,! union mu/ be betwe5 v>i\s totems4 ,moreov]1 z 9 ! case ( ! ,au/ralians1 ! desc5t ( ! *ief is 9 ! female l9e4 ,we ?us f9d among ! ,r$ ,m5 precisely ! same totemi/ic regulations z among ! ,aborig9es ( ,au/ralia4 ,l ! ,au/ralians1 ! ,r$ ,m5 nev] 7p]haps we %\ld read h>dly ev]7 eat _! totems4 ,totemi/s1 9 %ort1 sp>e ! bea/s t are _! own ki? & k94 ,to avoid multiply+ details :i* all corroborate ea* o!r1 x may suffice to ref] to ,s*oolcraft = totemism among ! ,i[as7#e7 & ! ,pueblos27#f7 = ! ,iroquois1 to ,lafitau1 a mission>y ( ! e>ly "p ( ! eighte5? c5tury4 ,lafitau 0 p]haps ! fir/ writ] :o ev] expla9$ c]ta9 features 9 ,greek & o!r anci5t my?s & practices z survivals f totemism4 ,! ,*im]a1 a composite creature1 lion1 goat & s]p5t1 might repres5t1 ,lafitau ?\ght1 a league ( ?ree totem tribes1 j z wolf1 be> & turtle repres5t$ ! ,iroquois ,league4 7#a7 ,hi/oire de la ,france-,n\velle1 iii4 #bff4 7#b7 ,introductio ad ,lat9am ,blasoniam1 by ,john ,gibbon1 ,blue ,mantle1 ,london1 #afhb4 ,! danc]s1 7 pa9t$ "s p>ty p] pale1 gul & sab1 "s p>ty p] fesse ( ! same col\rs2 :5ce ,gibbon conclud$ t h]aldry 0 +raft$ naturally into ! s5se ( ! humane race4 7#c7 ,vol4 i4 p4 #cef4 7#d7 ,s*oolcraft1 v4 #gc4 7#e7 ,ibid41 iii4 #bfh4 7#f7 ,ibid41 iv4 #hf4 ,! m>tyr$ ,p]e ,rasles1 aga91 writ+ 9 #agbc17a7 says t "o /ock ( ! ,outaonaks claims desc5t f a h>e 7! great h>e 0 a man ( prodigi\s size71 :ile ano!r /ock d]ive _! l9eage f ! c>p1 & a ?ird desc5ds f a be>2 yet !y d n scruple1 aft] c]ta9 expiatory rites1 to eat be>'s fle%4 ,o!r ,nor? ,am]ican examples are ! ,kut*91 :o h always possess$ ! sy/em ( totems47#b7 7#a7 ,kip's ,jesuits 9 ,am]ica i4 #cc4 7#b7 ,dall's ,alaska1 pp4 #aif-aih4 ,x is to be notic$1 z a peculi>ity ( ,r$ ,indian totemism :i* we h n obs]v$ 7?\gh x may exi/7 9 ,africa1 t c]ta9 /ocks claim relations ) ! sun4 ,?us ,p]e ,le ,petit1 writ+ f ,new ,orleans 9 #agcj1 m5tions ! ,sun1 or great *ief ( ! ,nat*ez ,indians47#a7 ,! totem ( ! privileg$ class among ! ,nat*ez 0 ! sun1 & 9 all my?s ! sun is reg>d$ z a liv+ be+1 :o c h *ildr51 :o may be beat51 :o ble$s :5 cut1 & is simply on ! same foot+ z m5 & ev]y?+ else 9 ! _w4 ,precisely simil> evid5ce comes f ,s\? ,am]ica4 ,9 ?is case our be/ au?ority is almo/ beyond suspicion4 ,he knew ! native languages well1 be+ himself a half-ca/e4 ,he 0 le>n$ 9 ! ,european le>n+ ( 8 "t2 & z a son ( ! ,incas1 he _h access to all surviv+ ,p]uvian /ores ( k1 & c\ld collect )\t difficulty ! te/imonies ( 8 c\ntrym54 ,x w be se57#b7 t ,don ,g>cilasso de la ,vega c\ld e/imate evid5ce1 & ridicul$ ! r\gh me?ods & fallaci\s guesses ( ,spani% inquir]s4 ,g>cilasso de la ,vega 0 born ab\t #aedj1 be+ ! son ( an ,inca pr9cess & ( a ,spani% conqu]or4 ,8 book1 ,comm5t>ias ,reales17#c7 0 expressly int5d$ to rectify ! errors ( su* ,spani% writ]s z ,aco/a4 ,9 8 acc\nt ( ,p]uvian religion1 ,g>cilasso di/+ui%es betwe5 ! beliefs ( ! tribes previ\s to ! rise ( ! ,inca empire & ! sun-wor%ip ( ! ,incas4 ,b x is pla91 f ,g>cilasso's own acc\nt & f o!r evid5ce1 t "u ! ,incas ! old] fai?s & feti*isms surviv$1 9 subord9ation to sun-wor%ip1 j z ,pagan sup]/itions surviv$ 9 cu/om & folk-lore aft] ! (ficial recognition ( ,*ri/ianity4 ,sun-wor%ip1 9 ,p]u1 & ! belief 9 a ,supreme ,creator !re1 seem ev51 l ,ca?olicism 9 ,mexico1 ,*9a & else:]e1 to h made a k9d ( compromise ) ! l[] beliefs1 & to h be5 cont5t to all[ a c]ta9 am\nt ( b[+ d[n 9 ! temples ( ! eld] fai?s4 ,accord+1 !n1 to ,g>cilasso's acc\nt ( ,p]uvian totemism1 ,an ,indian 0 n look$ ^u z hon\rable unless he 0 desc5d$ f a f\nta91 riv]17#d7 or lake1 or ev5 f ! sea1 ,,or ,,f ,a ,,wild ,,animal1 su* z a be>1 lion1 tig]1 eagle1 or ! bird !y call cuntur 7condor71 or "s o!r bird ( prey 47#e7 ,a c]ta9 am\nt ( wor%ip 0 connect$ ) ?is belief 9 k9%ip ) bea/s & natural objects4 ,m5 (f]$ up to _! totems :at !y usually saw !m eat47#f7 ,on ! seacoa/s !y wor%ipp$ s>d9es1 skates1 dog-fi%1 &1 = want ( l>g] gods1 crabs4444 ,!re 0 n an animal1 h[ vile & fil?y soev]1 t !y did n wor%ip z a god1 includ+ liz>ds1 toads & frogs4 ,g>cilasso 7:o says !y ate ! fi% !y wor%ipp$7 gives 8 own !ory ( ! orig9 ( totemism4 ,9 ! beg9n+ m5 _h only s\ght = badges :]eby to discrim9ate "o human /ock f ano!r4 ,! "o desir$ to h a god diff]5t f ! o!r4444 ,!y only ?\ght ( mak+ "o diff]5t f ano!r4 ,:5 ! ,inca emp]ors began to civilise ! totemi/ic /ocks1 !y po9t$ out t _! own fa!r1 ! sun1 possess$ spl5d\r & beauty z contra/$ ) ! ugl9ess & fil? ( ! frogs & o!r v]m9 !y look$ ^u z gods47#g7 ,g>cilasso1 ( c\rse1 does n use ! ,nor? ,am]ican ^w totem 7or ote or otem7 = ! family badge :i* repres5t$ ! family ance/ors4 ,he calls ^! ?+s1 z a g5]al rule1 pac>issa4 ,! sun 0 ! pac>issa ( ! ,incas1 z x 0 ( ! *ief ( ! ,nat*ez4 ,! pac>issa ( o!r /ocks 0 ! lion1 be>1 frog1 or :at n4 ,g>cilasso acc\nts = ! belief accord$ to ! ,incas1 :5 !y claim$ actual desc5t f ! sun1 by obs]v+7#h7 t !re 7 tribes among _! subjects :o pr(ess$ simil> fabul\s desc5ts1 ?\gh !y did n compreh5d h[ to select ance/ors s well z ! ,incas1 b ador$ animals & o!r l[ & e>?ly objects4 ,z to ! fact ( ! ,p]uvian wor%ip ( bea/s1 if m evid5ce is want$1 x is giv51 among o!rs1 by ,cieza de ,leon17#i7 :o contra/s ! adoration ( ! ,roman gods ) t (f]$ 9 ,p]u to brutes4 ,9 ! important temple ( ,pa*a-camac 7! spiritual deity ( ,p]u7 !y wor%ipp$ a %e-fox or vix5 & an em]ald4 ,! devil also appe>$ to !m & spoke 9 ! =m ( a tig]1 v fi]ce4 ,o!r examples ( totemism 9 ,s\? ,am]ica may be /udi$ 9 ! tribes on ! ,amazon47#aj7 ,mr4 ,wallace f\nd ! ,p9eapple /ock1 ! ,mosquitoes1 ,woodpeck]s1 ,h]ons1 & o!r totem k9dr$s4 ,a curi\s example ( simil> ideas is discov]$ among ! ,bonis ( ,guiana4 ,^! p 7 orig9ally ,we/ ,coa/ ,africans import$ z slaves1 :o h won _! fre$om ) ! sword4 ,:ile !y reta9 a r\gh belief 9 ,gad\ 7,god7 & ,didibi 7! devil71 !y are divid$ into totem /ocks ) animal names4 ,! r$ ape1 turtle & cayman are among ! *ief totems47#aa7 7#a7 ,kip1 ii4 #bhh4 7#b7 ,app5dix ,b4 7#c7 ,see translation 9 ,hakluyt ,society's ,collection4 7#d7 ,l _m ,greek h]oes4 ,odyssey1 iii4 #dhi4 ,orsilo*us1 ! *ild begott5 ( ,alpheus4 7#e7 ,comm4 ,real41 i4 #ge4 7#f7 ,ibid41 #ec4 7#g7 ,ibid41 #ajb4 7#h7 ,ibid41 #hc4 7#i7 ,cieza de ,leon 7,hakluyt ,society71 p4 #ahc4 7#aj7 ,acuna1 p4 #ajc2 ,wallace1 ,travels on ,amazon 7#ahec71 pp4 #dha-ejf4 7#aa7 ,crevaux1 ,voyages dans l',am]ique du ,sud1 p4 #ei4 ,aft] ?is ha/y exam9ation ( ! confus$ belief 9 k9%ip ) animals & o!r natural objects :i* und]lies in/itutions 9 ,au/ralia1 ,we/ & ,s\? ,africa1 ,nor? & ,s\? ,am]ica1 we may glance at simil> notions among ! non-,aryan races ( ,india4 ,9 ,dalton's ,e?nology ( ,b5gal17#a7 he tells u t ! ,g>o clans are divid$ into mah>is or mo!rhoods4 ,*ildr5 belong to ! mah>i ( ! "m1 j z 79 g5]al7 !y d]ive _! /ock "n & totem f ! "m's side 9 ,au/ralia & among ! ,nor? ,am]ican ,indians4 ,no man may m>ry 7z among ! ,r$ ,indians & ,au/ralians7 a woman belong+ to 8 own /ock1 mo!rhood or mah>i4 ,s f> ! mah>is ( ,b5gal exactly correspond to ! totem k9dr$4 ,b d ! ,mah>is also take _! names f plants & animals1 & s =?8 ,we "k t ! ,killis1 simil> communities among ! ,b5gal ,hos & ,mundos1 d ?is47#b7 ,! ,mund>is1 l ! ,oraons1 adopt z _! tribal di/9ction ! "n ( "s animal1 & ! fle% ( t animal is taboo$ to !m z food2 = example1 ! eel1 ! tortoise4 ,?is is exactly ! /ate ( ?+s 9 ,a%anti4 ,dalton m5tions also7#c7 a pr9cely family 9 ,nagpur :i* claims desc5t f a great hood$ snake4 ,among ! ,oraons he f\nd7#d7 tribes :i* might n eat "y mice 7consid]$ a da9ty7 or tortoises1 & a /ock :i* might n eat ! oil ( ! tree :i* 0 _! totem1 nor ev5 sit 9 its %ade4 ,! family or tribal names 7)9 :i* !y may n m>ry7 are usually ^? ( animals or plants1 & :5 ?is is ! case1 ! fle% ( "s "p ( ! animal or ! fruit ( ! tree is taboo$ to ! tribe call$ aft] x4 7#a7 ,dalton1 p4 #fc4 7#b7 ,ibid41 p4 #ahi4 7#c7 ,ibid41 p4 #aff4 7#d7 ,ibid41 p4 #bed4 ,an excell5t sket* ( totemism 9 ,india is giv5 by ,mr4 ,h4 ,h4 ,risley ( ! ,b5gal ,civil ,s]vice3--7#a7 7#a7 ,! ,asiatic ,qu>t]ly1 ,no4 #c1 ,essay on ,primitive ,m>riage 9 ,b5gal4 ,at ! bottom ( ! social sy/em1 z und]/ood by ! av]age ,h9du1 /&s a l>ge body ( non-,aryan ca/es & tribes1 ea* ( :i* is brok5 up into a numb] ( :at may be call$ totemi/ic exogam\s septs4 ,ea* sept be>s ! "n ( an animal1 a tree1 a plant1 or ( "s mat]ial object1 natural or artificial1 :i* ! memb]s ( t sept are prohibit$ f kill+1 eat+1 cutt+1 burn+1 c>ry+1 us+1 etc47#a7 7#a7 ,"h we may note t ! orig9 ( exogamy itself is m]ely "p ( a /rict totemi/ic prohibition4 ,a man may n use an object )9 ! totem k91 nor a woman ( ! k94 ,comp>e ! ,greek idiom 7,greek text omitt$74 ,mr4 ,risley f9ds t bo? ,kol>ians1 z ! ,son?als1 & ,dravidians1 z ! ,oraons1 are 9 ?is /ate ( totemism1 l ! ,hos & ,mundas4 ,x is mo/ in/ructive to le>n t1 z "o ( ^! tribes rises 9 ! social scale1 x sl\ghs (f its totem1 &1 ab&on+ ! common "n d]iv$ f bird1 bea/1 or plant1 adopts t ( an eponym\s ance/or4 ,a t5d5cy 9 ?is direction has be5 obs]v$ by ,messrs4 ,fison & ,h[itt ev5 9 ,au/ralia4 ,! ,mahilis1 ,koras & ,kurmis1 :o pr(ess to be memb]s ( ! ,h9du community1 /ill reta9 ! totemi/ic organisation1 ) names d]iv$ f birds1 bea/s & plants4 ,ev5 ! ,jaganna?i ,kumh>s ( ,orissa1 tak+ rank imm$iately bel[ ! writ]-ca/e1 h ! totems tig]1 snake1 weasel1 c[1 frog1 sp>r[ & tortoise4 ,! sub-ca/es ( ! ,khatlya ,kumh>s expla9 away _! totem-names z names ( c]ta9 sa9ts1 :o1 be+ pres5t at ,dak%a's ,horse-sacrifice1 trans=m$ !mselves into animals to escape ! wra? ( ,siva1 l ! gods ( ,egypt :5 !y fl$ 9 be/ial =m f ! wra? ( ,set4 ,among ! non-,aryan tribes ! m>riage law has ! totemi/ic sanction4 ,no man may m>ry a woman ( 8 totem k94 ,:5 ! totem-"n is *ang$ = an eponym1 ! non-,aryan1 ris+ 9 ! social scale1 is practically 9 ! same position z ! ,brahmans1 divid$ into exogam\s sections 7gotras71 ! memb]s ( :i* pr(ess to be desc5d$ f ! my?ical ri%i or inspir$ sa9t ^: "n ! gotra be>s4 ,!re is ?us no?+ to b> ! conjecture t ! exogam\s gotras ( ! :ole ,brahmans 7 once a =m ( totem-k9dr$1 :i* 7l aspir+ non-,aryan /ocks at ! pres5t day7 dropp$ ! totem-"n & r5am$ ! septs f "s eponym\s h]o1 m$ic9e-man1 or ,ri%i4 ,con/ant repetition ( ! same set ( facts becomes irksome1 & yet is made necess>y by ! legitimate dem& = tru/wor?y & abundant evid5ce4 ,z ! read] mu/ already h reflect$1 ?is liv+ my?ical belief 9 ! common confus$ equality ( m51 gods1 plants1 bea/s1 riv]s1 & :at n1 :i* /ill regulates savage society17#a7 is "o ( ! mo/ prom95t features 9 my?ology4 ,porphyry rem>k$ & exactly describ$ x among ! ,egyptians--common & ak9 to m5 & gods !y believ$ ! bea/s to be47#b7 ,! belief 9 su* equality is ali5 to mod]n civilisation4 ,we h %[n t x is common & fundam5tal 9 savag]y4 ,= in/ance1 9 ! ,pacific1 we might quote ,turn]17#c7 & = ,melanesia1 ,codr+ton17#d7 :ile = ,new ,zeal& we h ,taylor47#e7 ,= ! ,jakuts1 along ! banks ( ! ,l5a 9 ,nor!rn ,asia1 we h ! evid5ce ( ,/rahl5b]g1 :o writes3 ,ea* tribe ( ^! p look ^u "s p>ticul> creature z sacr$1 e4g41 a swan1 goose1 rav51 etc41 & su* is n eat5 by t tribe ?\gh ! o!rs may eat x47#f7 ,z ! majority ( our witnesses 7 q unaw>e t ! facts !y describ$ 7 common among races ( :om _m ( !m _h nev] ev5 he>d1 _! evid5ce may surely be accept$ z valid1 especially z ! beliefs te/ifi$ to express !mselves 9 m>riage laws1 9 ! blood-feud1 9 ab/95ce f food1 on pill>s ov] graves1 9 rude h]aldry1 & 9 o!r obvi\s & palpable %apes4 ,if we h n made out1 by ! evid5ce ( in/itutions1 t a confus$ cr$ulity conc]n+ ! equality & k9%ip ( man & ! objects 9 nature is actually a rul+ belief among savages1 & ev5 high] races1 f ! ,l5a to ! ,amazon1 f ! ,gold ,coa/ to ,que5sl&1 we may despair ( ev] conv9c+ an oppon5t4 ,! survival ( ! same beliefs & in/itutions among civilis$ races1 ,aryan & o!rs1 w lat] be demon/rat$47#g7 ,if we f9d t ! my?ology ( civilis$ races "h agrees ) ! actual practical belief ( savages1 & if we also f9d t civilis$ races reta9 survivals ( ! in/itutions 9 :i* ! belief is express$ by savages1 !n we may surely inf] t ! activity ( bea/s 9 ! my?s ( ,greece spr+s f ! same s\rces z ! simil> activity ( bea/s 9 ! my?s ( ,iroquois or ,kaffirs4 ,t is to say1 "p ( ! irrational elem5t 9 ,greek my? w be %[n to be d]iv$ 7:e!r by inh]itance or borr[+7 f an asc]ta9$ condition ( savage fancy4 7#a7 ,see "s v curi\s & disgu/+ examples ( ?is confusion 9 ,liebre*t's ,zur ,volkskunde1 pp4 #cie1 #cif 7,heilbronn1 #ahgi74 7#b7 ,de ,ab/41 ii4 #bf4 7#c7 ,n9ete5 ,ye>s 9 ,polynesia1 p4 #bch1 & ,samoa by ! same au?or4 ,complete totemism is n ass]t$ "h1 & is d5i$ = ,melanesia4 7#d7 ,j\rn4 ,an?rop4 ,in/41 ,religi\s ,practices 9 ,melanesia4 7#e7 ,new ,zeal&1 ,animal ,int]m>riage ) ,m54 7#f7 ,description ( ,asia 7#aghc71 p4 #chc4 7#g7 ,pr(essor ,rob]tson ,smi?1 ,k9%ip 9 ,arabia1 attempts to %[ t totemism exi/$ 9 ! ,semitic races4 ,! topic mu/ be left to ,ori5tali/s4 ,,*apt] ,,iv4 ,,! ,,m5tal ,,condition ,,( ,,savages--,,magic--,,metamorphosis--,,m etaphysic--,,psy*ology4 ,claims ( sorc]]s--,savage sci5tific speculation--,!ory ( causation--,cr$ulity1 except z to new religi\s ideas--,po/ hoc1 ergo propt] hoc--,fundam5tal ideas ( magic--,examples3 incantations1 gho/s1 spirits--,evid5ce ( rank & o!r in/itutions 9 pro( ( confusions ( m9d exhibit$ 9 magical beliefs4 ,i mean eftsoons to h a fl+ at magicians = _! abom9able lies & mon/r\s vanities4--,,pl9y1 ap4 ,phil4 ,holl&4 ,quoy de ceux qui naturellem5t se *ang5t en l\ps1 en jum5ts1 et puis encores en hommes8--,,montaigne1 ,apologie p\r ,raymond de ,sebonde4 ,! second feature 9 ! savage intellectual condition :i* we promis$ to inve/igate 0 ! belief 9 magic & sorc]y4 ,! _w & all ! ?+s 9 x be+ conceiv$ ( vaguely z s5sible & rational1 are suppos$ to obey ! comm&s ( c]ta9 memb]s ( ea* tribe1 su* z *iefs1 juggl]s1 or conjurors4 ,^! conjurors1 l ,zeus or ,indra1 c affect ! wea!r1 "w miracles1 assume :at %apes1 animal1 vegetable1 or inorganic1 !y please1 & c metamorphose o!r p]sons into simil> %apes4 ,x has already be5 %[n t savage man has reg>d$ all ,,?+s z ,,p]sons mu* on a level ) himself4 ,x has n[ to be %[n ,,:at ,,k9d ,,( ,,p]son ,,he ,,conceives ,,himself ,,to ,,be4 ,he does n look on m5 z civilis$ races reg>d !m1 t is1 z be+s ) /rict limitations4 ,on ! o!r h&1 he ?9ks ( c]ta9 memb]s ( 8 tribe z exempt f mo/ ( ! limitations1 & capable ( work+ e miracle t tradition has ev] attribut$ to prophets or gods4 ,nor are su* miracul\s p[]s1 su* practical omnipot5ce1 suppos$ by savages to be at all r>e among !mselves4 ,?\gh highly valu$1 miracul\s atta9m5ts are n believ$ to be unusual4 ,?is mu/ be kept /eadily 9 m9d4 ,:5 my?-mak+ man reg>ds ! sky or sun or w9d z a p]son1 he does n mean m]ely a p]son ) ! limitations recognis$ by mod]n races4 ,he means a p]son ) ! miracul\s p[]s ( ! m$ic9e-man4 ,! sky1 sun1 w9d or o!r elem5tal p]sonage c conv]se ) ! dead1 & c turn himself & 8 neighb\rs into animals1 /ones & trees4 ,to und]/& ^! functions & _! ex]cise1 x is necess>y to exam9e :at may be call$ savage sci5ce1 savage metaphysics1 & ! savage !ory ( ! /ate ( ! dead4 ,! m$ic9e-man's sup]natural claims are root$ 9 ! g5]al savage view ( ! _w1 ( :at is possible1 & ( :at 7if any?+7 is impossible4 ,! savage1 ev5 m ?an ! civilis$ man1 may be describ$ z a creature mov+ ab\t 9 worlds n realis$4 ,he feels1 no less ?an civilis$ man1 ! ne$ ( mak+ ! _w intelligible1 & he is active 9 8 se>* = causes & effects4 ,!re is mu* speculation 9 ^! eyes t he do? gl>e )al4 ,?is is a /atem5t :i* has be5 d5i$ by "s p]sons :o h liv$ ) savages4 ,?us ,mr4 ,bates1 9 8 ,naturali/ on ! ,amazon17#a7 writes3 ,_! want ( curiosity is extreme4444 ,vic5te 7an ,indian companion7 did n "k ! cause ( ?und] & lightn+4 ,i ask$ him :o made ! sun1 ! />s1 ! trees4 ,he didn't "k1 & _h nev] he>d ! subject m5tion$ 9 8 tribe4 ,b ,mr4 ,bates admits t ev5 ,vic5te _h a !ory ( ! configuration ( ! _w4 ,! necessity ( a !ory ( ! e>? & wat] _h be5 felt1 & a !ory _h be5 sugge/$4 ,aga91 ,mr4 ,bates says ab\t a c]ta9 ,brazilian tribe1 ,_! sluggi% m9ds seem unable to conceive or feel ! want ( a !ory ( ! s\l2 & he ?9ks ! cause ( ?is indol5ce is ! lack ( a writt5 language or a leisur$ class4 ,n[ savages1 z a rule1 are all 9 ! leisur$ class1 all sportsm54 ,mr4 ,h]b]t ,sp5c]1 too1 has express$ scepticism ab\t ! curiosity attribut$ to savages4 ,! po9t is important1 because1 9 our view1 ! m$ic9e-man's p[]s are root$ 9 ! savage !ory ( ?+s1 & if ! savage is too sluggi% to inv5t or half consci\sly evolve a !ory ( ?+s1 our hypo!sis is baseless4 ,aga91 we expect to f9d 9 savage my?s ! answ] giv5 by savages to _! own que/ions4 ,b ?is view is impossible if savages d n ask !mselves1 & nev] h ask$ !mselves1 any que/ions at all ab\t ! _w4 ,on ?is topic ,mr4 ,sp5c] writes3 ,along ) abs5ce ( surprise !re naturally goes abs5ce ( intellig5t curiosity47#b7 ,yet ,mr4 ,sp5c] admits t1 accord+ to "s witnesses1 ! ,dyaks h an insatiable curiosity1 ! ,samoans are usually v inquisitive1 & ! ,tahitians are rem>kably curi\s & inquisitive4 ,no?+ is m common ?an to f9d travell]s compla9+ t savages1 9 _! ard5tly inquir+ curiosity1 w n leave ! ,european = a mom5t to 8 own undi/urb$ devices4 ,mr4 ,sp5c]'s savages1 :o %[$ no curiosity1 display$ ?is impassiv5ess :5 ,europeans 7 try+ to make !m exhibit signs ( surprise4 ,impassivity is a po9t ( hon\r ) _m uncivilis$ races1 & we _c inf] t a savage has no curiosity because he does n excite himself ov] a mirror1 or :5 8 ,european visitors try to swagg] ) _! me*anical appliances4 ,mr4 ,h]b]t ,sp5c] f\nds1 on ! /atem5ts ( ,mr4 ,bates already quot$1 a notion t ! savage1 lack+ ability to ?9k & ! accompany+ desire to "k1 is )\t t5d5cy to speculate4 ,he backs ,mr4 ,bates's exp]i5ce ) ,mungo ,p>k's failure to draw ! negroes ab\t ! causes ( day & night4 ,!y _h nev] indulg$ a conjecture nor =m$ an hypo!sis on ! matt]4 ,yet ,p>k av]s t ! belief 9 "o ,god is entire & univ]sal among !m4 ,?is he pron\nces )\t ! smalle/ %ad[ ( d\bt4 ,z to primitive man1 accord+ to ,mr4 ,sp5c]1 ! ne$ = explanations ab\t surr\nd+ appe>ances does n occur to him4 ,we h disclaim$ all k ab\t primitive man1 b x is easy to %[ t ,mr4 ,sp5c] gr\nds 8 belief 9 ! lack ( speculation among savages on a frail f\ndation ( evid5ce4 7#a7 ,vol4 ii4 p4 #afb4 7#b7 ,sociology1 p4 #ih4 ,mr4 ,sp5c] has admitt$ speculation1 or at lea/ curiosity1 among ,new ,cal$onians1 ,new ,gu9ea p1 ,dyaks1 ,samoans & ,tahitians4 ,ev5 :]e he d5ies its exi/5ce1 z among ! ,amazon tribes m5tion$ by ,mr4 ,bates1 we happ5 to be able to %[ t ,mr4 ,bates 0 mis9=m$4 ,ano!r travell]1 ! ,am]ican geologi/1 ,pr(essor ,h>tt ( ,cornell ,univ]sity1 liv$ long among ! tribes ( ! ,amazon4 ,b ,pr(essor ,h>tt did n1 l ,mr4 ,bates1 f9d !m at all de/itute ( !ories ( ?+s--!ories express$ 9 my?s1 & te/ify+ to ! intellectual activity & curiosity :i* dem&s an answ] to its que/ions4 ,pr(essor ,h>tt1 :5 he fir/ became acqua9t$ ) ! ,indians ( ! ,amazon1 knew t !y 7 well suppli$ ) my?s1 & he set to "w to collect !m4 ,b he f\nd t nei!r by coax+ nor by (f]s ( money c\ld he p]suade an ,indian to relate a my?4 ,only by accid5t1 :ile we>ily paddl+ up ! ,p>anamirim ( ! ,ituki1 did he he> ! /e]sman tell+ /ories to ! o>sm5 to keep !m awake4 ,pr(essor ,h>tt furtively not$ d[n ! tale1 & he f\nd t by sett+ ! ball roll+1 & n>rat+ a /ory himself1 he c\ld make ! natives ?r[ (f res]ve & add to 8 /ock ( tales4 ,aft] "o has obta9$ 8 fir/ my?1 & has le>n$ to recite x accurately & spirit$ly1 ! re/ is easy4 ,! tales publi%$ by ,pr(essor ,h>tt are *iefly animal /ories1 l ^? curr5t 9 ,africa & among ! ,r$ ,indians1 & ,h>tt ev5 believ$ t _m ( ! leg5ds _h be5 import$ by ,negroes4 ,b z ! majority ( ! ,negro my?s1 l ^? ( ! ,au/ralians1 give a reason :y = ! exi/5ce ( "s ph5om5on or o!r1 ! argum5t aga9/ e>ly man's curiosity & vivacity ( intellect is r injur$1 ev5 if ! ,amazonian my?s 7 import$ f ,africa4 ,mr4 ,sp5c] bas$ 8 disbelief 9 ! intellectual curiosity ( ! ,amazonian tribes & ( ,negroes on ! reports ( ,mr4 ,bates & ( ,mungo ,p>k4 ,b x turns out t bo? ,negroes & ,amazonians h /ories :i* d satisfy an unsci5tific curiosity1 & x is ev5 held t ! ,negroes l5t ! ,amazonians ^! v /ories47#a7 ,! ,kams*adals1 accord+ to ,/ell]1 give !mselves a reason :y = ev]y?+1 accord+ to _! own lively fancy1 & d n leave ! smalle/ matt] uncriticis$47#b7 ,z f>1 !n1 z ,mr4 ,sp5c]'s objections apply to exi/+ savages1 we may consid] !m ov]weigh$ by ! evid5ce1 & we may believe 9 a naive savage curiosity ab\t ! _w & desire = explanations ( ! causes ( ?+s4 ,mr4 ,tylor's op9ion corroborates our own3 ,man's crav+ to "k ! causes at "w 9 ea* ev5t he witnesses1 ! reasons :y ea* /ate ( ?+s he surveys is su* z x is & no o!r1 is no product ( high civilisation1 b a *>act]i/ic ( 8 race d[n to its l[e/ /ages4 ,among rude savages x is already an intellectual appetite1 ^: satisfaction claims _m ( ! mom5ts n engross$ by w> or sport1 food or sleep4 ,ev5 9 ! ,botocudo or ! ,au/ralian1 sci5tific speculation has its g]m 9 actual exp]i5ce47#c7 ,x w be %[n lat] t ! food ( ! savage intellectual appetite is (f]$ & consum$ 9 ! %ape ( explanatory my?s4 7#a7 ,see ,amazonian ,tortoise-,my?41 pp4 #e1 #cg1 #dj2 & comp>e ,mr4 ,h>ris's ,preface to ,nights ) ,uncle ,remus4 7#b7 ,/ell]1 p4 #bfg4 ,cf4 ,f>r]'s ,primitive ,mann]s1 p4 #bgd4 7#c7 ,primitive ,culture1 i4 #cfi4 ,b we mu/ n[ obs]ve t ! actual exp]i5ce1 prop]ly s call$1 ( ! savage is s limit$ & s col\r$ by misconception & sup]/ition1 t 8 k ( ! _w v>ies v mu* f ! conceptions ( civilis$ races4 ,he seeks an explanation1 a !ory ( ?+s1 bas$ on 8 exp]i5ce4 ,b 8 k ( physical causes & ( natural laws is exce$+ly scanty1 & he is driv5 to fall back ^u :at we may call metaphysical1 or1 9 _m cases sup]natural explanations4 ,! n>r[] ! range ( man's k ( physical causes1 ! wid] is ! field :i* he has to fill up ) hypo!tical causes ( a metaphysical or sup]natural "*4 ,^! sup]natural causes !mselves ! savage believes to be matt]s ( exp]i5ce4 ,x is to 8 m9d a matt] ( exp]i5ce t all nature is p]sonal & animat$2 t m5 may *ange %apes ) bea/s2 t incantations & sup]natural be+s c cause sun%9e & /orm4 ,a good example ( ?is is giv5 9 ,*>levoix's "w on ,fr5* ,canada47#a7 ,*>levoix 0 a ,jesuit fa!r & mission>y among ! ,hurons & o!r tribes ( ,nor? ,am]ica4 ,he ?us describes ! philosophy ( ! ,r$ ,m53 ,! ,hurons attribute ! mo/ ord9>y effects to sup]natural causes47#b7 ,9 ! same page ! good fa!r himself attributes ! welcome arrival ( ra9y wea!r & ! cure ( c]ta9 savage pati5ts to ! pray]s ( ,p]e ,brebeuf & to ! exhibition ( ! sacram5ts4 ,*>levoix _h consid]ably ext5d$ ! field 9 :i* natural effects are kn[n to be produc$ by natural causes4 ,he 0 mu* m sci5tifically m9d$ ?an 8 savage flock1 & 0 q aw>e t an ord9>y clock ) a p5dulum _c br+ bad luck to a :ole tribe1 & t a wea!r-cock is n a magical ma*9e = secur+ unpleasant wea!r4 ,! ,hurons1 h[ev]1 kn[+ less ( natural causes & no?+ ( mod]n ma*9]y1 7 z conv9c$ t 8 clock 0 ru9+ ! luck ( ! tribe & 8 wea!r-cock spoil+ ! wea!r1 z ,fa!r ,*>levoix c\ld be ( ! tru? ( 8 own inf]5ces4 ,"o or two o!r anecdotes 9 ! good fa!r's hi/ory & lett]s help to expla9 ! diff]5ce betwe5 ! philosophies ( wild & ( ,*ri/ian m54 ,! ,p]e ,brebeuf 0 once summon$ at ! in/igation ( a ,huron wiz>d or m$ic9e-man be=e a c\ncil ( ! tribe4 ,8 judges told ! fa!r t no?+ _h gone "r s9ce he appe>$ among !m4 ,to ?is ,brebeuf repli$ by draw+ ! att5tion ( ! savages to ! absurdity ( _! pr9ciples4 ,he admitt$7#c7 ! premise t no?+ _h turn$ out well 9 ! tribe s9ce 8 arrival4 ,b ! reason1 said he1 pla9ly is t ,god is angry ) y\r h>dness ( he>t4 ,no soon] _h ! good fa!r ?us demon/rat$ ! absurdity ( savage pr9ciples ( reason+1 ?an ! malignant ,huron wiz>d fell d[n dead at 8 feet6 ,?is ev5t naturally add$ to ! confusion ( ! savages4 7#a7 ,hi/oire de la ,france-,n\velle4 7#b7 ,vol4 i4 p4 #aia4 7#c7 ,vol4 i4 p4 #aib4 ,co9cid5ces ( ?is sort h a great effect on savage m9ds4 ,catl91 ! fri5d ( ! ,m&an tribe1 m5tions a *ief :o consolidat$ 8 p[] by aid ( a little ars5ic1 b\ght f ! :ites4 ,! *ief us$ to prophesy ! sudd5 dea? ( 8 oppon5ts1 :i* always occurr$ at ! "t indicat$4 ,! natural results ( ! adm9i/ration ( ars5ic 7 attribut$ by ! b>b>\s p to sup]natural p[]s 9 ! possession ( ! *ief47#a7 ,?us ! philosophy ( savages seeks causas cognosc]e r]um1 l ! philosophy ( civilis$ m51 b x flies ha/ily to a hypo!sis ( sup]natural causes :i* are only guess$ at1 & are incapable ( demon/ration4 ,?is frame ( m9d prevails /ill 9 civilis$ c\ntries1 z ! ,bi%op ( ,nantes %[$ :51 9 #ahdf1 he attribut$ ! floods ( ! ,loire to ! excesses ( ! press & ! g5]al disreg>d ( ,sunday4 ,t sup]natural causes exi/ & may op]ate1 x is n at all our int5tion to d5y4 ,b ! habit ( look+ ev]y:]e = su* causes1 & ( assum+ _! int]f]5ce at w1 is ! ma9 *>act]i/ic ( savage speculation4 ,! peculi>ity ( ! savage is t he ?9ks human ag5ts c "w sup]naturally1 :]eas ev5 ! ,bi%op res]v$ 8 sup]natural explanations = ! ,deity4 ,on ?is belief 9 man's p[] to affect ev5ts beyond ! limits ( natural possibility is bas$ ! :ole !ory ( ,,magic1 ! :ole p[] ( sorc]]s4 ,t !ory1 aga91 f9ds incessant expression 9 my?1 & !re=e des]ves our att5tion4 7#a7 ,catl91 ,lett]s1 ii4 #aag4 ,! !ory requires = its exi/5ce an almo/ b\ndless cr$ulity4 ,?is cr$ulity appe>s to ,europeans to prevail 9 full =ce among savages4 ,bosman is amaz$ by ! ,african belief t a spid] creat$ ! _w4 ,m(fat is a/oni%$ at ! ,s\? ,african notion t ! sea 0 accid5tally creat$ by a girl4 ,*>levoix says1 ,les sauvages sont d'une facilite a croire ce qu'on leur dit1 que les plus fa*euse exp]i5ces n'ont jamais pu gu]ir47#a7 ,b x is a curi\s fact t :ile savages are1 z a rule1 s cr$ul\s1 !y (t5 laugh at ! religi\s doctr9es taught !m by mission>ies4 ,else:]e !y recognise c]ta9 ess5tial doctr9es z famili> =ms ( old4 ,dr4 ,m(fat rem>ks1 ,to speak ( ! ,creation1 ! ,fall & ! ,resurrection1 seem$ m fabul\s1 extravagant & ludicr\s to !m ?an _! own va9 /ories ( lions & hya5as4 ,aga91 ,! ,gospel appe>$ too prepo/]\s = ! mo/ fooli% to believe47#b7 ,:ile ! ,zulus decl>$ t !y us$ to accept _! own my?s )\t inquiry17#c7 x 0 a ,zulu :o sugge/$ to ,bi%op ,col5so 8 d\bts ab\t ! hi/orical "* ( ! ,noa*ian ,deluge4 ,he>ne7#d7 knew a ,r$ ,man1 ,matorabhee1 :o1 ?\gh a p]fect bigot ) reg>d to ! arts & tricks ( ! juggl]s1 c\ld yet by no means be impress$ ) a belief ( any "p ( ,,our religion4 ,lieut5ant ,hagg>d1 ,r4,n41 tells ! writ] t dur+ an eclipse at ,lamoo he ridicul$ ! native notion ( driv+ away a bea/ :i* dev\rs ! moon1 & expla9$ ! real cause ( ! ph5om5on4 ,b 8 native fri5d prote/$ t he c\ld n be expect$ to believe su* a /ory4 ,yet o!r savages av] an old agreem5t ) ! belief 9 a moral ,creator4 7#a7 ,vol4 ii4 p4 #cgh4 7#b7 ,mission>y ,lab\rs1 p4 #bde4 7#c7 ,callaway1 ,religion ( ,amazulus1 i4 #ce4 7#d7 ,j\rney among ! ,indians1 #agie1 p4 #cej4 ,we h already se5 suffici5t examples ( cr$ulity 9 savage doctr9es ab\t ! equal relations ( m5 & bea/s1 />s1 cl\ds & plants4 ,! same read9ess ( belief1 :i* w\ld be surpris+ 9 a ,*ri/ian *ild1 has be5 f\nd to regulate ! rudim5t>y political organisations ( grey b>b>ians4 ,add to ?is cr$ulity a philosophy :i* takes resemblance1 or contiguity 9 space1 or ne>ness 9 "t z a suffici5t reason = pr$icat+ ! relations ( cause & effect1 & we h ! basis ( savage physical sci5ce4 ,yet ! metaphysical !ories ( savages1 z express$ 9 ,maori1 ,polynesian1 & ,zuni hymns1 (t5 amaze u by _! weal? ( ab/ract ideas4 ,co9cid5ce else:]e /&s = cause4 ,po/ hoc1 ergo propt] hoc1 is ! motto ( ! savage philosophy ( causation4 ,! untutor$ reason] speculates on ! pr9ciples ( ! ,egyptian cl]gy1 z describ$ by ,h]odotus47#a7 ,! ,egyptians h discov]$ m om5s & prodigies ?an any o!r m52 = :5 aught prodigi\s occurs1 !y keep good wat*1 & write d[n :at foll[s2 & !n1 if any?+ l ! prodigy be repeat$1 !y expect ! same ev5ts to foll[ z be=e4 ,?is way ( look+ at ?+s is ! v ess5ce ( sup]/ition4 7#a7 ,,ii4 p4 #hb4 ,savages1 z a rule1 are n ev5 s sci5tific z ! ,egyptians4 ,:5 an unt[>d ev5t occurs1 !y look = its cause among all ! less famili> circum/ances ( ! la/ few days1 & select ! det]m9+ cause v mu* at r&om4 ,?us ! arrival ( ! ,fr5* mission>ies among ! ,hurons 0 co9cid5t ) c]ta9 un=tunate ev5ts2 !re=e x 0 argu$ t ! adv5t ( ! mission>ies 0 ! cause ( ! mis=tune4 ,:5 ! ,be*uanas suff]$ f dr\ght1 !y attribut$ ! lack ( ra9 to ! arrival ( ,dr4 ,m(fat1 & especially to 8 be>d1 8 *ur* bell1 & a bag ( salt 9 8 possession4 ,"h !re 0 n ev5 ! pret5ce ( analogy betwe5 cause & effect4 ,"s savages might h argu$ 7x is q 9 _! /yle71 t z salt causes ?ir/1 a bag ( salt causes dr\ght2 b no su* case c\ld be made out aga9/ ,dr4 ,m(fat's bell & be>d4 ,to give an example f ! beliefs ( ,engli% peasants4 ,:5 a cottage 0 buri$ by a little avalan*e 9 #aggb1 ! accid5t 0 attribut$ to ! c>elessness ( ! cottag]s1 :o _h all[$ a light to be tak5 out ( _! dwell+ 9 ,*ri/mas-tide47#a7 ,we see ! same confusion betwe5 antec$5ce & consequ5ce 9 "t on "o side1 & cause & effect on ! o!r1 :5 ! ,r$ ,indians av] t birds actually br+ w9ds & /orms or fair wea!r4 ,!y take lit]ally ! s5se ( ! ,rhodian swall[-song3-- ,! swall[ ha? come1 ,br++ fair h\rs1 ,br++ fair seasons1 ,on black back & :ite brea/47#b7 7#a7 ,%rop%ire ,folk-,lore1 by ,miss ,burne1 iii4 #dja4 7#b7 ,br9ton1 ,my?s ( ,new ,_w1 p4 #ajg4 ,aga91 9 ! ,pacific ! p ( "o isl& always attribute hurricanes to ! ma*9ations ( ! p ( ! ne>e/ isl& to w9dw>d4 ,! w9d comes f !m2 !re=e 7z _! m$ic9e-m5 c notori\sly influ5ce ! wea!r71 !y mu/ h s5t ! w9d4 ,?is unneighb\rly act is a casus belli1 & ?r\gh ! :ole ( a gr\p ( isl&s ! bann] ( w>1 l ! flag ( fre$om 9 ,byron1 flies aga9/ ! w9d4 ,! *ief pr9ciple1 !n1 ( savage sci5ce is t antec$5ce & consequ5ce 9 "t are ! same z effect & cause47#a7 ,aga91 savage sci5ce holds t ,,l ,,affects ,,l1 t y c injure a man1 = example1 by injur+ 8 effigy4 ,on ^! pr9ciples ! savage expla9s ! _w to himself1 & on ^! pr9ciples he tries to subdue to himself ! _w4 ,n[ ! putt+ ( ^! pr9ciples into practice is simply ! ex]cise ( art magic1 an art to :i* no?+ seems impossible4 ,! belief t 8 ,%amans or m$ic9e-m5 practise ?is art is univ]sal among savages4 ,x s]i\sly affects _! conduct1 & is reflect$ 9 _! my?s4 7#a7 ,see acc\nt ( ,zuni metaphysics 9 *apt] on ,am]ican ,div9e ,my?s4 ,! "o g5]al rule :i* gov]ns all magical reason+ is1 t casual connection 9 ?\ght is equival5t to causative connection 9 fact4 ,l sugge/s l to human ?\ght by association ( ideas2 :]e=e l influ5ces l1 or produces analog\s effects 9 practice4 ,any object once 9 a man's possession1 especially 8 hair or 8 nails1 is suppos$ to be capable ( be+ us$ aga9/ him by a sorc]]4 ,! "p sugge/s ! :ole4 ,a lock ( a man's hair 0 "p ( ! man2 to de/roy ! hair is to de/roy its =m] own]4 ,aga91 :atev] ev5t foll[s ano!r 9 "t sugge/s x1 & may h be5 caus$ by x4 ,accompany+ ^! ideas is ! belief t nature is peopl$ by invisible spiritual p[]s1 ov] :i* magicians & sorc]]s possess influ5ce4 ,! magic ( ! l[] races *iefly turns on ^! two beliefs4 ,fir/1 man hav+ come to associate 9 ?\ght ^? ?+s :i* he f\nd by exp]i5ce to be connect$ 9 fact1 proce$$ errone\sly to inv]t _! action1 & to conclude t association 9 ?\ght mu/ involve simil> connection 9 reality4 ,he ?us attempt$ to discov]1 to =etell1 & to cause ev5ts1 by means ( processes :i* we n[ see to h only an ideal significance47#a7 ,secondly1 man endeav\r$ to make disembodi$ spirits ( ! dead1 or any o!r spirits1 ob$i5t to 8 w4 ,savage philosophy presumes t ! beliefs are correct1 & t _! practical application is successful4 ,examples ( ! fir/ ( ! two *ief magical ideas are z common 9 unsci5tific mod]n times or among unsci5tific mod]n p z 9 ! savage _w4 7#a7 ,primitive ,culture1 i4 #ad4 ,! physicians ( ! age ( ,*>les ,,ii4 7 wont to give _! pati5ts mummy p[d]1 t is1 pulv]is$ mummy4 ,!y argu$ t ! mummy _h la/$ = a v long "t1 & t ! pati5ts ought to d s likewise4 ,pl9y imag9$ t diamonds mu/ be f\nd 9 company ) gold1 because ^! are ! mo/ p]fect sub/ances 9 ! _w1 & l %\ld draw to l4 ,aurum potabile1 or dr9kable gold1 0 a fav\rite m$ical no/rum ( ! ,middle ,ages1 because gold1 be+ p]fect1 %\ld produce p]fect heal?4 ,among savages ! belief t l is caus$ by l is exemplifi$ 9 v _m practices4 ,! ,new ,cal$onians1 :5 !y wi% _! yam plots to be f]tile1 bury 9 !m ) my/ic c]emonies c]ta9 /ones :i* are naturally %ap$ l yams4 ,! ,melanesians h r$uc$ ?is k9d ( magic to a sy/em4 ,among !m c]ta9 /ones h a magical efficacy1 :i* is det]m9$ 9 ea* case by ! %ape ( ! /one4 ,a /one 9 ! %ape ( a pig1 ( a bread-fruit1 ( a yam1 0 a mo/ valuable f9d4 ,no g>d5 0 plant$ )\t ! /ones :i* 7 to increase ! crop47#a7 ,/ones ) a rude resemblance to bea/s br+ ! ,zuni luck 9 ! *ase4 7#a7 ,rev4 ,r4 ,h4 ,codr+ton1 ,j\rn4 ,an?4 ,in/41 ,febru>y1 #ahha4 ,! spiritual !ory 9 "s places is mix$ up ) ! l to l !ory1 & ! magical /ones are f\nd :]e ! spirits h be5 he>d twitt]+ & :i/l+4 ,a l>ge /one ly+ ) a numb] ( small ones "u x1 l a s[ among h] suckl+s1 0 good = a *ildless woman47#a7 ,x is ! savage belief t /ones reproduce _! species1 a belief consonant ) ! g5]al !ory ( univ]sal animation & p]sonality4 ,! anci5t belief t diamonds g5d]$ diamonds is a survival f ^! ideas4 ,a /one ) little disks ^u x 0 good to br+ 9 money2 any fanciful int]pretation ( a m>k 0 en\gh to give a "* to ! /one & its associat$ ,vui or _s 9 ,melanesia4 ,9 ,scotl&1 /ones %ap$ l v>i\s p>ts ( ! human body are expect$ to cure ! diseases ) :i* ^! memb]s may be afflict$4 ,^! /ones 7 call$ by ! names ( ! limbs :i* !y repres5t$1 z 'eye-/one1' 'head-/one'4 ,! pati5t wa%$ ! affect$ "p ( ! body1 & rubb$ x well ) ! /one correspond+47#b7 7#a7 ,codr+ton1 ,j\rn4 ,an?4 ,soc41 x4 iii4 #bgf4 7#b7 ,gregor1 ,folk-,lore ( ,nor?-,ea/ ,c\nties1 p4 #dj4 ,to return f ,european peasant-magic to t ( savages1 we f9d t :5 ! ,bu%m5 want wet wea!r !y light fires1 believ+ t ! black smoke cl\ds w attract black ra9 cl\ds2 :ile ! ,zulus sacrifice black cattle to attract black cl\ds ( ra947#a7 ,?\gh ?is magic has its orig9 9 savage ignorance1 x survives into civilisation4 ,?us ! sacrifices ( ! ,v$ic age 7 imitations ( ! natural ph5om5a :i* ! prie/s desir$ to produce47#b7 ,c'etait un moy5 de faire tombre la pluie en realisant1 p> les repres5tations t]re/res des eaux du nuage et de l'eclair1 les conditions dans lesquelles celui-ci det]m9e dans le ciel l'epan*em5t de celles-la4 ,a good example ( magical sci5ce is af=d$ by ! m$ical practice ( ! ,dacotahs ( ,nor? ,am]ica47#c7 ,:5 any "o is ill1 an image ( 8 disease1 a boil or :at n1 is c>v$ 9 wood4 ,?is little image is !n plac$ 9 a b[l ( wat] & %ot at ) a gun4 ,! image ( ! disease be+ de/roy$1 ! disease itself is expect$ to disappe>4 ,comp>e ! magic ( ! ,phili/9es1 :o made gold5 images ( ! sores :i* plagu$ !m & /[$ !m away 9 ! ark47#d7 ,! cu/om ( mak+ a wax /atuette ( an enemy1 & pi]c+ x ) p9s or melt+ x be=e ! fire1 s t ! dete/$ p]son might wa/e z 8 semblance melt$1 0 common 9 m$iaeval ,europe1 0 kn[n to ,plato1 & is practis$ by ,negroes4 ,"s ,au/ralians take "s ( ! hair ( an enemy1 mix x ) grease & ! fea!rs ( ! eagle1 & burn x 9 ! fire4 ,?is is b> or black magic4 ,! bo>d+ "u ! *air ( a magi/rate 9 ,b>badoes 0 lift$ n long ago1 & ! gr\nd b5ea? 0 f\nd cov]$ ) wax images ( litigants /uck full ( p9s4 7#a7 ,callaway1 i4 #ib4 7#b7 ,b]gaigne1 ,religion ,v$ique1 i4 #abf-ach1 i41 vii41 viii4 7#c7 ,s*oolcraft1 iv4 #dia4 7#d7 #a ,samuel vi4 #d1 #e4 ,! w>-magic ( ! ,dacotahs works 9 a simil> mann]4 ,be=e a p>ty />ts on ! w>-trail1 ! *ief1 ) v>i\s c]emonies1 takes 8 club & /&s be=e 8 t5t4 ,an old wit* b[ls hoops at him2 ea* hoop repres5ts an enemy1 & = ea* he /rikes a foeman is expect$ to fall4 ,a b[l ( sweet5$ wat] is also set out to entice ! spirits ( ! enemy47#a7 ,! w>-magic ( ! ,aryans 9 ,india does n diff] mu* 9 "* f t ( ! ,dacotahs4 ,if any "o wi%es 8 army to be victori\s1 he %\ld g beyond ! battle-l9e1 cut a /alk ( grass at ! top & end1 & ?r[ x aga9/ ! ho/ile army ) ! words1 ,prasahe kas trapasyati8--,o ,prasaha1 :o sees !e8 ,if "o :o has su* k cuts a /alk ( grass & ?r[s ! p>ts at ! ho/ile army1 x becomes split & dissolv$1 j z a daught]-9-law becomes aba%$ & fa9ts :5 see+ h] fa!r-9-law1--an allusion1 app>5tly1 to ! widespread tabu :i* makes fa!rs-9-law1 daught]s-9-law1 sons-9-law1 & mo!rs-9-law avoid ea* o!r47#b7 7#a7 ,s*oolcraft1 iv4 #dif4 7#b7 ,ait>eya ,brahmana1 iii4 #bb4 ,! hunt-dances ( ! ,r$ ,indians & ,au/ralians are arrang$ l _! w>-magic4 ,effigies ( ! be>s1 de]1 or kang>oos are made1 or "s ( ! hunt]s imitate ! motions ( ^! animals4 ,! re/ ( ! danc]s pret5d to spe> !m1 & x is hop$ t ?is w ensure success among ! real be>s & kang>oos4 ,"h is a s+ul> piece ( magic 9 :i* ,europeans & ,au/ralian blacks agree4 ,boris ,godun(f made 8 s]vants swe> nev] to injure him by ca/+ spells ) ! du/ on :i* 8 feet or 8 c>riage :eels _h left traces47#a7 ,mr4 ,h[itt f9ds ! same magic among ! ,kurnai47#b7 ,see+ a ,tatungolung v lame1 ,i ask$ him :at 0 ! matt]4 ,he said1 ',"s fell[ has put ,,bottle 9 my foot'4 ,i f\nd he 0 probably suff]+ f acute rheumatism4 ,he expla9$ t "s enemy mu/ h f\nd 8 foot-track & h buri$ 9 x a piece ( brok5 bottle4 ,! magic influ5ce1 he believ$1 caus$ x to ent] 8 foot4 ,on ano!r occasion a native told ,mr4 ,h[itt t he _h se5 black fell[s putt+ poison 9 8 foot-tracks4 ,bosman m5tions a simil> practice among ! p ( ,gu9ea4 ,9 ,scotti% folk-lore a screw nail is fix$ into ! footpr9t ( ! p]son :o is to be injur$4 7#a7 ,rambaud's ,hi/ory ( ,russia1 ,engli% trans41 i4 #cea4 7#b7 ,kamil>oi & ,kurnai1 p4 #bej4 ,j z ^! magical ef=ts to influ5ce l by l "w _! way into ,v$ic & o!r religions1 s !y are introduc$ into ! religion ( ! savage4 ,8 pray]s are addresses to "s sort ( sup]ior be+1 b ! efficacy ( ! pray] is (t5 ek$ out by a little magic1 unless inde$ we pref] to suppose t ! words ( ! supplication are int]pret$ by ge/ure-spee*4 ,sproat writes3 ,set words & ge/ures are us$ accord+ to ! ?+ desir$4 ,= in/ance1 9 pray+ = salmon1 ! native rubs ! backs ( 8 h&s1 looks upw>ds1 & mutt]s ! words1 ',_m salmon1 _m salmon'4 ,if he wi%es = de]1 he c>efully rubs bo? eyes2 or1 if x is geese1 he rubs ! back ( 8 %\ld]1 utt]+ always 9 a s+-song way ! accu/om$ =mula4444 ,all ^! practices 9 pray+ no d\bt h a mean+4 ,we may see a /eady h& is ne$$ 9 ?r[+ ! salmon-spe>1 & cle> eyesight 9 f9d+ de] 9 ! =e/47#a7 7#a7 ,savage ,life1 p4 #bjh4 ,9 addition to ^! =ms ( symbolical magic 7:i* might be multipli$ to any ext5t71 we f9d among savages ! belief 9 ! p[] ( songs ( ,,incantation4 ,?is is a feature ( magic :i* specially des]ves our att5tion4 ,9 my?s1 & /ill m 9 m>*5 or h\sehold tales1 we %all con/antly f9d t ! mo/ miracul\s effects are caus$ :5 ! h]o pron\nces a few l9es ( rhyme4 ,9 ,rome1 z we h all read 9 ! ,lat9 ,delectus1 x 0 ?\ght t incantations c\ld draw d[n ! moon4 ,9 ! ,odyssey ! k9sfolk ( ,odysseus s+ a song ( heal+ ov] ! w\nd :i* 0 dealt him by ! bo>'s tusk4 ,jeanne d',arc1 w\nd$ at ,orleans1 refus$ a simil> rem$y4 ,sophocles speaks ( ! folly ( mutt]+ incantations ov] w\nds t ne$ ! surgeon's knife4 ,! song t salv$ w\nds occurs 9 ! ,kalewala1 ! epic poem ( ! ,f9ns4 ,9 _m ( ,grimm's m>*51 miracles are wr\ght by ! repetition ( snat*es ( rhyme4 ,?is belief is d]iv$ f ! savage /ate ( fancy4 ,accord+ to ,kohl17#a7 ,e sorr[ful or joyful emotion t op5s ! ,indian's m\? is at once wrapp$ up 9 ! g>b ( a wabanonagam[9 7*anson magicale74 ,if y ask "o ( !m to s+ y a simple innoc5t hymn 9 praise ( ,nature1 a spr+ or jovial hunt+ /ave1 he nev] gives y any?+ b a =m ( incantation1 ) :i* he says y w be able to call to y all ! birds f ! sky1 & all ! foxes & wolves f _! caves & burr[s47#b7 ,! giant's daught] 9 ! ,scot* m>*51 ,ni*t1 ,n\ght1 ,no?+1 is ?us enabl$ to call to h] aid all ! birds ( ! sky4 ,9 ! same way1 if y ask an ,indian = a love-song1 he w say t a philtre is really mu* m efficaci\s4 ,! savage1 9 %ort1 is extremely practical4 ,8 arts1 music & draw+1 exi/ n p\r l'art1 b = a def9ite purpose1 z me?ods ( gett+ some?+ t ! arti/ wants4 ,! "y lov] :om ,kohl knew1 l ! lov] ( ,bombyca 9 ,!ocritus1 believ$ 9 hav+ an image ( himself & an image ( ! belov$4 ,into ! he>t ( ! female image he ?ru/ magic p[d]s1 & he said t ?is 0 common1 lov]s add+ songs1 p>tly elegiac1 p>tly malici\s1 & almo/ crim9al =ms ( incantation47#c7 7#a7 ,page #cie4 7#b7 ,cf4 ,comp>etti's ,traditional ,poetry ( ! ,f9ns4 7#c7 ,kit*i gami1 pp4 #cie1 #cig4 ,among ! ,indo-,aryans ! masam9ik or incantations ( ! ,r$ ,man are kn[n z mantras47#a7 ,^! are usually texts f ! ,v$a1 & are *ant$ ov] ! sick & 9 o!r circum/ances :]e magic is believ$ to be efficaci\s4 ,among ! ,new ,zeal&]s ! incantations are call$ k>akias1 & are employ$ 9 actual life4 ,!re is a special k>akia to raise ! w9d4 ,9 ,maori my?s ! h]o is v h&y ) 8 k>akia4 ,rocks split be=e him1 z be=e girls :o use incantations 9 ,kaffir & ,bu%man tales4 ,he assumes ! %ape ( any animal at w1 or flies 9 ! air1 all by virtue ( ! k>akia or incantation47#b7 7#a7 ,muir1 ,sanskrit ,texts1 v4 #dda1 ,incantations f ! ,a?>va ,v$a4 7#b7 ,taylor's ,new ,zeal&2 ,!al's ,kaffir ,folk-,lore1 ,s\?-,african ,folk-,lore ,j\rnal1 passim2 ,%ortl&'s ,traditions ( ! ,new ,zeal&]s1 pp4 #acj-ace4 ,)\t multiply+ examples 9 ! savage belief t miracles c be wr\ght by virtue ( physical ,,correspondances1 by l act+ on l1 by ! "p affect+ ! :ole1 & s =?1 we may g on to ! magical results produc$ by ! aid ( spirits4 ,^! may be ei!r spirits ( ! dead or spiritual ess5ces t nev] animat$ mortal m54 ,savage magic or sci5ce re/s p>tly on ! belief t ! _w is peopl$ by a *oir invisible1 or r by a *oir only occasionally visible to c]ta9 gift$ p1 sorc]]s & div9]s4 ,an enorm\s am\nt ( evid5ce to prove ! exi/5ce ( ^! t5ets has be5 collect$ by ,mr4 ,tylor1 & is accessible to all 9 ! *apt]s on ,animism 9 8 ,primitive ,culture4 ,x is n our bus9ess "h to acc\nt = ! univ]sality ( ! belief 9 spirits4 ,mr4 ,tylor1 foll[+ ,lucretius & ,hom]1 d]ives ! belief f ! reason+s ( e>ly m5 on ! ph5om5a ( dreams1 fa9t+1 %ad[s1 visions caus$ by n>cotics1 halluc9ations1 & o!r facts :i* sugge/ ! hypo!sis ( a sep>able life ap>t f ! bodily organism4 ,x w\ld sc>cely be fair n to add t ! k9d ( facts inve/igat$ by ! ,psy*ical ,society--su* facts z ! appe>ance ( m5 at ! mom5t ( dea? 9 places remote f ! sc5e ( _! decease1 ) su* real or delusive exp]i5ces z ! noises & visions 9 haunt$ h\ses--are famili> to savages4 ,)\t discuss+ ^! obscure matt]s1 x may be said t !y influ5ce ! ?\ghts ev5 ( "s sci5tifically tra9$ & civilis$ m54 ,x is natural1 !re=e1 t !y %\ld /rongly sway ! cr$ul\s imag9ation ( backw>d races1 9 :i* !y orig9ate or confirm ! belief t life c exi/ & manife/ itself aft] ! dea? ( ! body47#a7 7#a7 ,see ! au?or's ,mak+ ( ,religion1 #ahih4 ,"s examples ( savage gho/-/ories1 precisely analog\s to ! facts ( ! ,psy*ical ,society's inve/igations1 may be adduc$4 ,! fir/ is curi\s because x (f]s among ! ,kanekas an example ( a belief curr5t 9 ,breton folk-lore4 ,! /ory is v\*$ = by ,mr4 ,j4 ,j4 ,atk9son1 late ( ,n\mea1 ,new ,cal$onia4 ,mr4 ,atk9son1 we h reason to believe1 0 unacqua9t$ ) ! ,breton p>allel4 ,to him "o day a ,kaneka ( 8 acqua9tance paid a visit1 & seem$ lo? to g away4 ,he took leave1 return$1 & took leave aga91 till ,mr4 ,atk9son ask$ him ! reason ( 8 behavi\r4 ,he !n expla9$ t he 0 ab\t to die1 & w\ld nev] see 8 ,engli% fri5d aga94 ,z he seem$ 9 p]fect heal?1 ,mr4 ,atk9son ralli$ him on 8 hypo*ondria2 b ! poor fell[ repli$ t 8 fate 0 seal$4 ,he _h lately met 9 ! wood "o :om he took = ! ,kaneka girl ( 8 he>t2 b he became aw>e too late t %e 0 no mortal woman1 b a wood-_s 9 ! guise ( ! belov$4 ,! result w\ld be 8 dea? )9 ?ree days1 &1 z a matt] ( fact1 he di$4 ,?is is ! gr\ndwork ( ! old ,breton ballad ( ,le ,sieur ,nan1 :o dies aft] 8 intrigue ) ! =e/ spectre47#a7 ,a tale m l a common mod]n gho/-/ory is v\*$ = by ,mr4 ,c4 ,j4 ,du ,ve1 9 ,au/ralia4 ,9 ! ye> #ahfj1 a ,man]oo black fell[ di$ 9 ! s]vice ( ,mr4 ,du ,ve4 ,! day be=e he di$1 hav+ be5 ill "s "t1 he said t 9 ! night 8 fa!r1 8 fa!r's fri5d1 & a female _s he c\ld n recognise1 _h come to him & said t he w\ld die next day1 & t !y w\ld wait = him4 ,mr4 ,du ,ye adds t1 ?\gh previ\sly ! ,*ri/ian belief _h be5 expla9$ to ?is man1 x _h entirely fad$1 & t he _h gone back to ! belief ( 8 *ildhood4 ,mr4 ,fison1 :o pr9ts ?is tale 9 8 ,kamil>oi & ,kurnai17#b7 adds1 ,i c\ld give _m simil> in/ances :i* h come )9 my own k among ! ,fijians1 &1 /range to say1 ! dy+ man 9 all ^! cases kept 8 appo9tm5t ) ! gho/s to ! v day4 7#a7 ,x may1 ( c\rse1 be conjectur$ t ! ,fr5* introduc$ ?is belief into ,new ,cal$onia4 7#b7 ,page #bdg4 ,9 ! ,cruise ( ! ,beagle is a p>allel anecdote ( a ,fuegian1 ,jimmy ,button1 & 8 fa!r's gho/4 ,)\t ent]+ into a discussion ( gho/s1 x is pla9 t ! k9d ( evid5ce1 :atev] its value may be1 :i* conv9ces _m educat$ ,europeans ( ! exi/5ce ( v]idical app>itions has also play$ its "p 9 ! philosophy ( uncivilis$ races4 ,on ?is belief 9 app>itions1 !n1 is bas$ ! p[] ( ! savage sorc]]s & necromants1 ( ! m5 :o conv]se ) ! dead & are aid$ by disembodi$ spirits4 ,^! m5 h greatly influ5c$ ! beg9n+s ( my?ology4 ,among c]ta9 ,au/ralian tribes ! necromants are call$ ,birra>k47#a7 ,! ,kurnai tell me1 says ,mr4 ,h[itt1 t a ,birra>k 0 suppos$ to be initiat$ by ! ',mr>ts 7gho/s7 :5 !y met him w&]+ 9 ! bu%4444 ,x 0 f ! gho/s t he obta9$ replies to que/ions conc]n+ ev5ts pass+ at a di/ance or yet to happ51 :i* might be ( int]e/ or mom5t to 8 tribe4 ,mr4 ,h[itt pr9ts an acc\nt ( a spiritual seance 9 ! bu%47#b7 ,! fires 7 let g d[n4 ,! ,birra>k utt]$ a cry 'coo-ee' at int]vals4 ,at l5g? a di/ant reply 0 he>d1 & %ortly aft]w>ds ! s\nd z ( p]sons jump+ on ! gr\nd 9 succession4 ,a voice 0 !n he>d 9 ! gloom ask+ 9 a /range intonation1 ',:at is want$8' ,que/ions 7 put by ! ,birra>k & replies giv54 ,at ! t]m9ation ( ! seance1 ! _s-voice said1 ',we are go+'4 ,f9ally1 ! ,birra>k 0 f\nd 9 ! top ( an almo/ inaccessible tree1 app>5tly asleep47#c7 ,!re 0 "o ,birra>k at lea/ to e clan4 ,! ,kurnai gave ! "n ( ,brew9 7a p[]ful evil _s7 to a ,birra>k :o 0 once c>ri$ away = sev]al days by ! ,mr>ts or spirits47#d7 ,x is a belief ) ! ,au/ralians1 z1 accord+ to ,bosman1 x 0 ) ! p ( ! ,gold ,coa/1 t a v p[]ful wiz>d lives f> inl&1 & ! ,negroes held t to ?is w>lock ! spirits ( ! dead w5t to be judg$ accord+ to ! m]it ( _! actions 9 life4 ,"h we h a doctr9e answ]+ to ! ,greek belief 9 ! wiz>d ,m9os1 ,aeacus1 & ,rhadaman?us1 & to ! ,egyptian idea ( ,osiris z judge ( ! dep>t$47#e7 ,! pret5sions ( ! sorc]] to conv]se ) ! dead are atte/$ by ,mr4 ,br\gh ,smy?47#f7 ,a sorc]] ly+ on 8 /oma* spoke to ! deceas$1 & ! o!r sitt+ by 8 side receiv$ ! preci\s messages :i* ! dead man told4 ,z a natural result ( ^! beliefs1 ! ,au/ralian necromant has great p[] 9 ! tribe4 ,mr4 ,h[itt m5tions a case 9 :i* a gr\p ( k9dr$1 ceas+ to use _! old totemi/ic surname1 call$ !mselves ! *ildr5 ( a fam\s dead ,birra>k1 :o ?us became an eponym\s h]o1 l ,ion among ! ,ionians47#g7 ,among ! ,scot* ,highl&]s ! position & practice ( ! se] 7 v l ^? ( ! ,birra>k4 ,a p]son1 says ,scott17#h7 0 wrapp$ up 9 ! sk9 ( a newly sla9 bullock & deposit$ beside a wat]fall or at ! bottom ( a precipice1 or 9 "s o!r /range1 wild & unusual situation1 :]e ! sc5]y ar\nd him sugge/$ no?+ b objects ( horror4 ,9 ?is situation he revolv$ 9 8 m9d ! "q propos$ & :atev] 0 impress$ on him by 8 exalt$ imag9ation ,,pass$ ,,= ,,! ,,inspiration ,,( ,,! ,,disembodi$ ,,spirits :o haunt ^! desolate recesses4 ,a numb] ( examples are giv5 9 ,m>t9's ,description ( ! ,we/]n ,isl&s47#i7 ,9 ! ,c5tury magaz9e 7,july1 #ahhb7 is a v full report ( ,?l9keet m$ic9e-m5 & metamorphoses4 7#a7 ,kamil>oi & ,kurnai1 p4 #bec4 7#b7 ,page #bed4 7#c7 ,9 ! ,jesuit ,relations 7#afcg71 p4 #ea1 we read t ! ,r$ ,indian sorc]] or ,jossake$ 0 cr$it$ ) p[] to vani% sudd5ly away out ( sight ( ! m5 /&+ ar\nd him4 ,( him1 z ( ,hom]ic gods1 x might be said1 ,:o has p[] to see him come or g aga9/ 8 w8 7#d7 ,"h1 9 ! fir/ edition1 occurr$ ! foll[+ passage3 ,! conception ( ,brew9 is ab\t z ne> z ! ,kurnai get to ! idea ( a ,god2 _! conf]r+ ( 8 "n on a p[]ful sorc]] is !re=e a po9t ( importance & int]e/4 ,mr4 ,h[itt's lat] k demon/rates an error "h4 7#e7 ,bosman 9 ,p9k]ton1 xvi4 p4 #dja4 7#f7 ,aborig9es ( ,au/ralia1 i4 #aig4 7#g7 ,9 ,victoria1 aft] d>k ! wiz>d goes up to ! cl\ds & br+s d[n a good _s4 ,dawk9s1 p4 #eg4 ,= eponym\s m$ic9e-m5 see ,kamil>oi & ,kurnai1 p4 #bca4 7#h7 ,lady ( ! ,lake1 note #a to ,canto iv4 7#i7 ,p4 #aab4 ,! sorc]] among ! ,zulus is1 app>5tly1 ( a naturally hy/]ical & n]v\s con/itution4 ,he he>s ! spirits :o speak by :i/l+s speak+ to him47#a7 ,:i/l+ is also ! language ( ! gho/s 9 ,new ,cal$onia1 :]e ,mr4 ,atk9son in=ms u t he has occasionally put an able-bodi$ ,kaneka to ignom9i\s flight by :i/l+ s(tly 9 ! dusk4 ,! gho/s 9 ,hom] make a simil> s\nd1 & ev5 z bats flit gibb]+ 9 ! secret place ( a wondr\s cav]n1444 ev5 s ! s\ls gibb]$ z !y f>$ toge!r 7,odyssey1 xxiv4 #e74 ,! famili> spirits make him 7t ,zulu sorc]]7 acqua9t$ ) :at is ab\t to happ51 & !n he div9es = ! p4 ,z ! ,birra>ks le>n songs & dance-music f ! ,mr>ts1 s ! ,zulu ,inyanga or div9]s le>n magical c\plets f ! ,itongo or spirits47#b7 7#a7 ,callaway1 ,religi\s ,sy/em ( ! ,amazules1 p4 #bfe4 7#b7 ,on all ?is1 see ,possession 9 ,! ,mak+ ( ,religion4 ,! evid5ce ( in/itutions confirms ! reports ab\t savage belief 9 magic4 ,! political p[] ( ! div9]s is v great1 z may be obs]v$ f ! fact t a h]$it>y *ief ne$s _! consecration to make him a *ief de jure47#a7 ,9 fact1 ! qualities ( ! div9] are ^? :i* give 8 sacr$ au?ority to ! *ief4 ,:5 he has obta9$ f ! div9]s all _! m$ic9es & in=mation z to ! mode ( us+ ! isitundu 7a magical vessel71 x is said t he (t5 ord]s !m to be kill$4 ,n[1 ! *ief is s f> a m$ic9e-man t he is "l ( ! air4 ,! heav5 is ! *ief's1 say ! ,zulus2 & :5 he calls out 8 m51 ?\gh ! heav5 is cle>1 x becomes cl\d$ by ! great w9d t arises4 ,o!r ,zulus expla9 ?is z ! m]e hyp]bole ( adulation4 ,! ^w ( ! *ief gives confid5ce to 8 troops2 !y say1 ',we are go+2 ! *ief has already se5 all t w happ5 9 8 vessel'4 ,su* !n are *iefs2 !y use a vessel = div9ation47#b7 ,! mak]s ( ra9 are kn[n 9 ,zulul& z heav5-h]ds or sky-h]ds1 :o h]d ! heav5 t x may n break out & d its w on ! prop]ty ( ! p4 ,^! m5 are1 9 fact1 7,greek text omitt$71 cl\d-ga!r]s1 l ! ,hom]ic ,zeus1 ! "l ( ! heav5s4 ,_! "n ( h]ds ( ! heav5s has a ,v$ic s\nd4 ,! h]d t h]ds ! lightn+1 say ! ,zulus1 does ! same z ! h]d] ( ! cattle2 he does z he does by :i/l+2 he says1 ',t%u-i-i-i4 ,dep>t & g yond]4 ,d n come "h4' ,"h let x be obs]v$ t ! ,zulus conceive ( ! ?und]-cl\ds & lightn+ z actual creatures1 capable ( be+ h]d$ l %eep4 ,!re is no metaphor or allegory ab\t ! matt]17#c7 & no =getfulness ( ! orig9al mean+ ( words4 ,! cl\d-h]d is j l ! c[h]d1 except t n e man1 b only sorc]]s1 & !y :o h eat5 ! lightn+-bird 7a bird %ot ne> ! place :]e lightn+ has /ruck ! e>?71 c h]d ! cl\ds ( heav54 ,! same ideas prevail among ! ,bu%m51 :]e ! ra9mak] is ask$ to milk a nice g5tle female ra92 ! ra9-cl\ds are h] hair4 ,among ! ,bu%m5 ,ra9 is a p]son4 ,among ! ,r$ ,indians no metaphor seems to be int5d$ :5 x is said t x is always birds :o make ! w9d1 except t ( ! ea/4 ,! ,dacotahs once kill$ a ?und]-bird7#d7 beh9d ,little ,cr['s village on ! ,miss\ri4 ,x _h a face l a man ) a nose l an eagle's bill47#e7 7#a7 ,callaway1 p4 #cdj4 7#b7 ,callaway1 ,religions ,sy/em ( ! ,amazules1 p4 #cdc4 7#c7 ,ibid41 p4 #che4 7#d7 ,s*oolcraft1 iii4 #dhf4 7#e7 ,comp>e ,callaway1 p4 #aai4 ,! political & social p[]s :i* come into ! h&s ( ! sorc]]s are manife/1 ev5 9 ! case ( ! ,au/ralians4 ,tribes & individuals c attempt few ent]prises )\t ! aid ( ! man :o li/5s to ! gho/s4 ,only he c =etell ! future1 &1 9 ! case ( ! natural dea? ( a memb] ( ! tribe1 c direct ! v5geance ( ! survivors aga9/ ! ho/ile magician :o has committ$ a murd] by b> or magic4 ,among ! ,zulus we h se5 t sorc]y gives ! sanction to ! p[] ( ! *ief4 ,! w9ds & wea!r are at ! comm& ( ,bosman's great feti%]4 ,inl& f ! ,gold ,coa/17#a7 ! k+ ( ,loango1 accord+ to ! ,abbe ,proy>t1 has cr$it to make ra9 fall on e>?4 ,simil> beliefs1 ) l political results1 w be f\nd to foll[ f ! sup]/ition ( magic among ! ,r$ ,indians ( ,nor? ,am]ica4 ,! difficulty ( writ+ ab\t sorc]]s among ! ,r$ ,indians is caus$ by ! abundance ( ! evid5ce4 ,*>levoix & ! o!r e>ly ,jesuit mission>ies f\nd t ! jongleurs1 z ,*>levoix calls ! ,jossake$s or m$ic9e-m51 7 _! *ief oppon5ts4 ,z among ! ,scot* ,highl&]s1 ! ,au/ralians & ! ,zulus1 ! ,r$ ,indian jongleur is visit$ by ! spirits4 ,he cov]s a hut ) ! sk9 ( ! animal :i* he commonly we>s1 retires ?i!r1 & !re conv]ses ) ! bodiless be+s47#b7 ,! good mission>y l ,mr4 ,m(fat 9 ,africa1 0 conv9c$ t ! ex]cises ( ! ,jossake$s 7 v]ily sup]natural4 ,ces s$ucteurs ont un v]itable comm]ce avec le p]e du m5songe47#c7 ,?is 0 d5i$ by e>li] & wis] ,jesuit mission>ies4 ,_! political p[] 0 naturally great4 ,9 "t ( w> ils avanc5t et ret>d5t les m>*es comme il leur plait4 ,9 our own c5tury x 0 a m$ic9e-man1 ,t5 ,squa ,ta ,way1 :o by 8 magical processes & sup]/iti\s rites /irr$ up a =midable w> aga9/ ! ,unit$ ,/ates47#d7 ,accord+ to ,mr4 ,pond17#e7 ! native "n ( ! ,dacotah m$ic9e-m51 ,wakan1 signifies m5 sup]naturally gift$4 ,m$ic9e-m5 are believ$ to be wakanis$ by my/ic int]c\rse ) sup]natural be+s4 ,! bus9ess ( ! wakanis$ man is to disc]n future ev5ts1 to lead & direct p>ties on ! w>-trail1 to raise ! /orm or calm ! tempe/1 to conv]se ) ! lightn+ or ?und] z ) famili> fri5ds47#f7 ,! wakanis$ man1 l ! ,au/ralian ,birra>k & ! ,zulu div9]1 dictates *ants & pray]s4 ,9 battle e ,dacotah w>rior looks to ! ,wakan man z almo/ 8 only res\rce4 ,belief 9 ,wakan m5 is1 ,mr4 ,pond says1 univ]sal among ! ,dacotahs1 except :]e ,*ri/ianity has und]m9$ x4 ,_! influ5ce is deeply felt by e individual ( ! tribe1 & controls all _! affairs4 ,! ,wakan man's functions are absorb$ by ! g5]al or w>-*ief ( ! tribe1 & 9 ,s*oolcraft 7iv4 #die71 ,capta9 ,ea/man pr9ts copies ( native scrolls %[+ ! w>-*ief at "w z a wiz>d4 ,! w>-*ief :o leads ! p>ty to w> is always "o ( ^! m$ic9e-m54 ,9 ano!r passage ! m$ic9e-m5 are describ$ z hav+ a voice 9 ! sale ( l&4 ,x mu/ be obs]v$ t ! ,jossake$1 or m$ic9e-man1 pure & simple1 ex]cises a p[] :i* is n 9 itself h]$it>y4 ,*iefta9%ip1 :5 associat$ ) inh]itance ( prop]ty1 is h]$it>y2 & :5 ! *ief1 z among ! ,zulus1 absorbs sup]natural p[]1 !n ! same man becomes div9] & *ief1 & is a p]son ( great & sacr$ influ5ce4 ,! livelie/ acc\nt ( ! p]=mances ( ! ,maori tohunga or sorc]] is to be f\nd 9 ,old ,new ,zeal&17#g7 by ! ,pakeha ,maori1 an ,engli% g5tleman :o _h liv$ ) ! natives l "o ( !mselves4 ,! tohunga1 says ?is au?or17#h7 presid$ ov] all ^? s]vices & cu/oms :i* _h some?+ approa*+ to a religi\s "*4 ,!y also pret5d$ to p[] by means ( c]ta9 famili> spirits1 to =etell future ev5ts1 & ev5 9 "s cases to control !m4444 ,! _s 'ent]$ into' !m1 &1 on be+ que/ion$1 gave a response 9 a sort ( half :i/l+1 half-articulate voice1 suppos$ to be ! prop] language ( spirits4 ,9 ,new ,s\? ,wales1 ,mrs4 ,langlot ,p>k] has witness$ a simil> exhibition4 ,! spirits told ! tru? 9 ?is case4 ,! ,pakeha ,maori 0 pres5t 9 a d>k5$ village-hall :5 ! _s ( a "y man1 a great fri5d ( 8 own1 0 call$ up by a tohunga4 ,sudd5ly1 )\t ! slighte/ w>n+1 a voice came out ( ! d>kness4444 ,! voice all ?r\gh1 x is to be rememb]$1 0 n ! voice ( ! tohunga1 b a /range melan*oly s\nd1 l ! s\nd ( a w9d bl[+ into a holl[ vessel4 ',x is well ) me2 my place is a good place4' ,! _s gave an answ] to a "q :i* prov$ to be correct1 & !n ',f>ewell1' cri$ ! _s ,,f ,,deep ,,b5ea? ,,! ,,gr\nd4 ',f>ewell1' aga91 ,,f ,,high ,,9 ,,air4 ',f>ewell1' once m came moan+ ?r\gh ! di/ant d>kness ( ! night4 ,z *iefs 9 ,new ,zeal& no less ?an tohungas c ex]cise ! my/ical & magical p[] ( tabu1 t is1 ( imp>t+ to any object or p]son an inviolable "*1 & c prev5t or remit ! my/]i\s puni%m5t = infr+em5t ( tabu1 x appe>s probable t 9 ,new ,zeal&1 z well z among ! ,zulus & ,r$ ,indians1 *iefs h a t5d5cy to absorb ! sacr$ "* & p[]s ( ! tohungas4 ,?is is natural en\gh1 = a tohunga1 if he plays 8 c>ds well1 is sure to acquire prop]ty & h]$it>y weal?1 :i*1 9 comb9ation ) magical influ5ce1 are ! necess>y qualifications = ! (fice ( ! *iefta94 7#a7 ,p9k]ton1 xvi4 #dja4 7#b7 ,*>levoix1 i4 #aje4 ,see ,savage ,spiritualism 9 ,cock ,lane & ,common ,s5se4 7#c7 ,ibid41 iii4 #cfb4 7#d7 ,catl91 ii4 #ag4 7#e7 ,9 ,s*oolcraft1 iv4 #djb4 7#f7 ,pond1 9 ,s*oolcraft1 iv4 #fdg4 7#g7 ,auckl&1 #ahfc4 7#h7 ,page #adh4 ,"h is ! place to m5tion a fact :i*1 ?\gh at fir/ sight x may appe> to h only a social int]e/1 yet be>s on ! developm5t ( my?ology4 ,prop]ty & rank seem to h be5 ess5tial to ea* o!r 9 ! mak+ ( social rank1 & :]e "o is abs5t among contempor>y savages1 !re we d n f9d ! o!r4 ,z an example ( ?is1 we might take ! case ( two peoples :o1 l ! ,hom]ic ,e?iopians1 are ! out]mo/ ( m51 & dwell f> ap>t at ! ends ( ! _w4 ,! ,eskimos & ! ,fuegians1 at ! extreme nor? & s\? ( ! ,am]ican cont95t1 agree 9 hav+ little or no private prop]ty & no *iefs4 ,yet magic is provid+ a k9d ( basis ( rank4 ,! bleak pla9s ( ice & rock are1 l ,attica1 ! "m ( m5 )\t ma/] or "l4 ,among ! h\se-mates ( ! small] settlem5ts !re is no head-man1 & 9 ! l>g] ga!r+s ,dr4 ,r9k says t /ill less ?an among ! h\se-mates 0 any "o belong+ to su* a place to be consid]$ a *ief4 ,! songs & /ories ( ! ,eskimo conta9 ! praises ( m5 :o h ris5 up & kill$ any usurp] :o tri$ to be a rul] ov] 8 place-mates4 ,no "o c\ld possibly e/abli% any au?ority on ! basis ( prop]ty1 because sup]flu\s prop]ty1 implem5ts1 etc41 r>ely exi/$4 ,if !re are ?ree boats 9 "o h\sehold1 "o ( ! boats is borr[$ by ! community1 & rev]ts to ! g5]al fund4 ,if we look at ! acc\nt ( ! ,fuegians describ$ 9 ,admiral ,fitzroy's cruise1 we f9d a simil> abs5ce ( rank produc$ by simil> causes4 ,! p]fect equality among ! individuals compos+ ! tribes mu/ = a long "t ret>d _! civilisation4444 ,at pres5t ev5 a piece ( clo? is torn 9 %r$s & di/ribut$1 & no "o individual becomes ri*] ?an ano!r4 ,on ! o!r h&1 x is difficult to und]/& h[ a *ief c arise till !re is prop]ty ( "s sort by :i* he might manife/ & /ill increase 8 au?ority4 ,9 ! same book1 h[ev]1 we get a glimpse ( "o means by :i* au?ority c be ex]cis$4 ,! doctor-wiz>d ( ea* p>ty has mu* influ5ce ov] 8 companions4 ,among ! ,eskimos ?is elem5t 9 ! gr[? ( au?ority also exi/s4 ,a class ( wiz>ds call$ ,angakut h p[] to cause f9e wea!r1 &1 by ! gift ( second-sight & magical practices1 c detect crimes1 s t !y necess>ily become a k9d ( civil magi/rates4 ,^! ,angekkok or ,angakut h famili> spirits call$ ,torngak1 a ^w connect$ ) ! "n ( _! *ief spiritual be+1 ,torng>sak4 ,! ,torngak is commonly ! gho/ ( a deceas$ p>5t ( ! sorc]]4 ,^! m51 says ,eg$e1 are held 9 great hon\r & e/eem among ?is /upid & ignorant nation1 insomu* t nobody d>e ev] refuse ! /ricte/ ob$i5ce :5 !y comm& him 9 ! "n ( ,torng>sak4 ,! importance & actual exi/5ce ( belief 9 magic has ?us be5 atte/$ by ! evid5ce ( in/itutions1 ev5 among ,au/ralians1 ,fuegians & ,eskimos4 ,x is n[ necess>y to pass f examples ( tribes :o h sup]/iti\s respect = c]ta9 individuals1 b :o h no prop]ty & no *iefs1 to peoples :o exhibit ! ph5om5on ( sup]/iti\s rev]5ce atta*$ to weal?y rul]s or to judges4 ,to take ! example ( ,irel&1 z describ$ 9 ! ,s5*us ,mor1 we le>n t ! *iefs1 j l ! ,angakut ( ! ,eskimos1 _h p[] to make fair or f\l wea!r 9 ! lit]al s5se ( ! words47#a7 ,9 ,africa1 9 ! same way1 z ,bosman1 ! old travell]1 says1 ,z to :at diff]5ce !re is betwe5 "o negro & ano!r1 ! ri*e/ man is ! mo/ hon\r$1 yet ! mo/ hon\r$ man has ! same magical p[] z ! poor ,angakuts ( ! ,eskimos4 7#a7 ,e>ly ,hi/ory ( ,in/itutions1 p4 #aie4 ,9 ! ,solomon ,isl&s1 says ,dr4 ,codr+ton1 !re is no?+ to prev5t a common man f becom+ a *ief1 if he c %[ t he has ! mana 7sup]natural p[]7 = x47#a7 7#a7 ,j\rn4 ,an?4 ,in/41 x4 iii4 #bhg1 #cjj1 #cji4 ,?\gh x is anticipat+ a lat] /age ( ?is inquiry1 we mu/ "h obs]ve t ! sacr$ness1 & ev5 ! magical virtues ( b>b>\s *iefs seem to h desc5d$ to ! e>ly lead]s ( ,european races4 ,! *ildr5 ( ,od9 & ( ,zeus 7 sacr$ k+s4 ,! ,hom]ic *iefs1 l ^? ( ! ,zulus & ! ,r$ ,m51 & ( ! e>ly ,iri% & ,sw$es1 ex]cis$ an influ5ce ov] ! physical univ]se4 ,hom]7#a7 speaks ( a blameless k+1 "o t fe>s ! gods1 & reigns among _m m5 & mighty1 & ! black e>? be>s :eat & b>ley1 & ! %eep br+ =? & fail n1 & ! sea gives /ore ( fi%1 & all out ( 8 good sov]eignty4 7#a7 ,od41 xix4 #aji4 ,! attributes usually assign$ by b>b>\s peoples to _! m$ic9e-m5 h n yet be5 exhau/$4 ,we h f\nd t !y c =esee & decl>e ! future2 t !y control ! wea!r & ! s5sible _w2 t !y c conv]se )1 visit & employ ab\t _! own bus9ess ! s\ls ( ! dead4 ,x w\ld be easy to %[ at ev5 great] l5g? t ! m$ic9e-man has ev]y:]e ! p[] ( metamorphosis4 ,he c assume ! %apes ( all bea/s1 birds1 fi%es1 insects & inorganic matt]s1 & he c subdue o!r p to ! same en*antm5t4 ,?is belief obvi\sly re/s on ! lack ( recognis$ di/9ction betwe5 man & ! re/ ( ! _w1 :i* we h s frequ5tly insi/$ on z a *>act]i/ic ( savage & b>b>\s ?\ght4 ,examples ( accr$it$ metamorphosis are s common ev]y:]e1 & s well kn[n1 t x w\ld be wa/e ( space to give a long acc\nt ( !m4 ,9 ,primitive ,culture7#a7 a cl\d ( witnesses to ! belief 9 human tig]s1 hya5as1 leop>ds & wolves is collect$47#b7 ,mr4 ,lane7#c7 f\nd metamorphosis by wiz>ds z accr$it$ a work+ belief at ,cairo z x is among ,abipones1 ,eskimo1 or ! p ( ,a%angol&4 ,9 v>i\s p>ts ( ,scotl& !re is a tale ( a wit* :o 0 %ot at :5 9 ! guise ( a h>e4 ,9 ?is %ape %e 0 w\nd$1 & ! same w\nd 0 f\nd on h] :5 %e resum$ h] human appe>ance4 ,lafitau1 e>ly 9 ! la/ c5tury1 f\nd precisely ! same tale1 except t ! wiz>ds took ! =m ( birds1 n ( h>es1 among ! ,r$ ,indians4 ,! birds 7 w\nd$ by ! magical arr[s ( an old m$ic9e-man1 ,%onnoh ,k\i ,eretsi1 & ^! bolts 7 f\nd 9 ! bodies ( ! human culprits4 ,9 ,japan1 z we le>n f sev]al /ories 9 ,mr4 ,mit=d's ,tales ( ,old ,japan1 p *iefly metamorphose !mselves into foxes & badg]s4 ,! sorc]]s ( ,honduras7#d7 possess ! p[] ( trans=m+ m5 into wild bea/s1 & 7 mu* fe>$ accord+ly4 ,among ! ,cak*iquels1 a cultivat$ p ( ,guatemala1 ! v "n ( ! cl]gy1 haleb1 0 d]iv$ f _! p[] ( assum+ animal %apes1 :i* !y took on z easily z ! ,hom]ic gods47#e7 ,regn>d1 ! ,fr5* dramati/1 :o travell$ among ! ,lapps at ! end ( ! sev5te5? c5tury 7#afha71 says3 ,!y believe wit*es c turn m5 into cats2 & aga91 ,"u ! figures ( swans1 cr[s1 falcons & geese1 !y call up tempe/s & de/roy %ips47#f7 ,among ! ,bu%m5 sorc]]s assume ! =ms ( bea/s & jackals47#g7 ,dobrizh(f] 7#agag-ia71 a mission>y 9 ,p>aguay1 f\nd t sorc]]s arrogate to !mselves ! p[] ( trans=m+ !mselves into tig]s47#h7 ,he 0 pres5t :5 ! ,abipones believ$ t a conv]sion ( ?is sort 0 actually tak+ place3 ,alas1 cri$ ! p1 8 :ole body is beg9n+ to be cov]$ ) tig]-spots2 8 nails are gr[+4 ,ne> ,lo&a1 ,liv+/one f\nd t a *ief may metamorphose himself into a lion1 kill any "o he *oses1 & !n resume 8 prop] =m47#i7 ,among ! ,b>otse & ,balonda1 :ile p]sons are /ill alive !y may ent] into lions & alligators47#aj7 ,among ! ,mayas ( ,c5tral ,am]ica sorc]]s c\ld trans=m !mselves into dogs1 pigs & o!r animals2 _! glance 0 dea? to a victim47#aa7 ,! ,?l9keets ?9k t _! ,%amans c metamorphose !mselves into animals at pleasure2 & a v old rav5 0 po9t$ out to ,mr4 ,c4 ,e4 ,s4 ,wood z an inc>nation ( ! s\l ( a ,%aman47#ab7 ,sir ,a4 ,c4 ,lyall f9ds a simil> belief 9 fl\ri%+ exi/5ce 9 ,india4 ,! ,european sup]/ition ( ! 7-wolf is too well kn[n to ne$ description4 ,p]haps ! mo/ curi\s leg5d is t told by ,giraldus ,cambr5sis ab\t a man & 8 wife metamorphos$ into wolves by an abbot4 ,!y reta9$ human spee*1 made exempl>y pr(essions ( ,*ri/ian fai?1 & s5t = prie/s :5 !y f\nd _! la/ h\rs approa*+4 ,9 an old ,norman ballad a girl is trans=m$ into a :ite doe1 & hunt$ & sla9 by h] bro!r's h\nds4 ,! aborig9al peoples ( ,india reta9 simil> convictions4 ,among ! ,hos17#ac7 an old sorc]] call$ ,pusa 0 kn[n to turn himself habitually into a tig]1 & to eat 8 neighb\r's goats1 & ev5 _! wives4 ,examples ( ! p[] ( sorc]]s to turn1 z ) ! ,gorgon's head1 _! enemies into /one1 are peculi>ly common 9 ,am]ica47#ad7 ,he>ne f\nd t ! ,indians believ$ !y desc5d$ f a dog1 :o c\ld turn himself into a h&some "y man47#ae7 7#a7 ,vol4 i4 pp4 #cji-cae4 7#b7 ,see also ,m',l5nan on ,lykan?ropy 9 ,encyclop$ia ,britannica4 7#c7 ,arabian ,nights1 i4 #ea4 7#d7 ,bancr(t1 ,races ( ,pacific ,coa/1 i4 #gdj4 7#e7 ,br9ton1 ,annals ( ! ,cak*iquels1 p4 #df4 7#f7 ,p9k]ton1 i4 #dga4 7#g7 ,bleek1 ,brief ,acc\nt ( ,bu%man ,folk-,lore1 pp4 #ae1 #dj4 7#h7 ,engli% translation ( ,dobrizh(f]'s ,abipones1 i4 #afc4 7#i7 ,mission>y ,travels1 p4 #fae4 7#aj7 ,liv+/one1 p4 #fdb4 7#aa7 ,bancr(t1 ii4 7#ab7 ,c5tury ,magaz9e1 ,july1 #ahhb4 7#ac7 ,dalton's ,e?nology ( ,b5gal1 p4 #bjj4 7#ad7 ,dorman1 pp4 #acj1 #acd2 ,report ( ,e?nological ,bureau1 ,wa%+ton1 #ahhj-ha4 7#ae7 ,a ,j\rney1 etc41 p4 #cdb4 ,let u recapitulate ! p[]s attribut$ all ov] ! _w1 by ! l[] p1 to m$ic9e-m54 ,! m$ic9e-man has all miracles at 8 comm&4 ,he rules ! sky1 he flies into ! air1 he becomes visible or invisible at w1 he c take or conf] any =m at pleasure1 & resume 8 human %ape4 ,he c control spirits1 c conv]se ) ! dead1 & c desc5d to _! abodes4 ,:5 we beg9 to exam9e ! gods ( ,,my?ology1 savage or civilis$1 z di/9ct f deities contemplat$1 9 devotion1 z moral & creative gu>dians ( e?ics1 we %all f9d t1 ) ! g5]al1 ?\gh n inv>iable addition ( immortality1 !y possess ! v same accompli%m5ts z ! m$ic9e-man1 peay1 tohunga1 jossake$1 birra>k1 or :atev] "n = sorc]] we may *oose4 ,among ! ,greeks1 ,zeus1 my?ically envisag$1 enjoys 9 heav5 all ! attributes ( ! m$ic9e-man2 among ! ,iroquois1 z ,p]e le ,jeune1 ! old ,jesuit mission>y1 obs]v$17#a7 ! m$ic9e-man enjoys on e>? all ! attributes ( ,zeus4 ,briefly1 ! miracul\s & sup]natural end[m5ts ( ! gods ( ,,my?1 :e!r ^! gods be zoomorphic or an?ropomorphic1 are exactly ! magical prop]ties ) :i* ! m$ic9e-man is cr$it$ by 8 tribe4 ,x does n at all foll[1 z ,euem]us & ,mr4 ,h]b]t ,sp5c] might argue1 t ! god 0 once a real liv+ m$ic9e-man4 ,b my?-mak+ man conf]s on ! deities ( my? ! magical p[]s :i* he claims = himself4 7#a7 ,relations 7#afcf71 p4 #aad4 ,,*apt] ,v4 ,,nature ,,my?s4 ,savage fancy1 curiosity & cr$ulity illu/rat$ 9 nature my?s--,9 ^! all ph5om5a are expla9$ by belief 9 ! g5]al animation ( ev]y?+1 comb9$ ) belief 9 metamorphosis--,sun my?s1 ,asian1 ,au/ralian1 ,african1 ,melanesian1 ,indian1 ,cali=nian1 ,brazilian1 ,maori1 ,samoan--,moon my?s1 ,au/ralian1 ,muysca1 ,mexican1 ,zulu1 ,macass>1 ,gre5l&1 ,piute1 ,malay--,?und] my?s--,greek & ,aryan sun & moon my?s--,/> my?s--,my?s1 savage & civilis$1 ( animals1 acc\nt+ = _! m>ks & habits--,examples ( cu/om ( claim+ blood k9%ip ) l[] animals--,my?s ( v>i\s plants & trees--,my?s ( /ones1 & ( metamorphosis into /ones1 ,greek1 ,au/ralian & ,am]ican--,! :ole natural philosophy ( savages express$ 9 my?s1 & survives 9 folk-lore & classical poetry2 & leg5ds ( metamorphosis4 ,! intellectual condition ( savages :i* has be5 pres5t$ & e/abli%$ by ! evid5ce bo? ( obs]v]s & ( in/itutions1 may n[ be /udi$ 9 savage my?s4 ,^! my?s1 inde$1 w\ld ( !mselves demon/rate t ! ideas :i* ! l[] races ent]ta9 ab\t ! _w correspond ) our /atem5t4 ,if any "o 7 to ask himself1 f :at m5tal conditions d ! foll[+ savage /ories arise8 he w\ld naturally answ] t ! m9ds :i* conceiv$ ! tales 7 curi\s1 indol5t1 cr$ul\s ( magic & wit*craft1 capable ( draw+ no l9e betwe5 ?+s & p]sons1 capable ( cr$it+ all ?+s ) human passions & resolutions4 ,b1 z my?s analog\s to ^? ( savages1 :5 f\nd among civilis$ peoples1 h be5 ascrib$ to a psy*ological condition produc$ by a disease ( language act+ aft] civilisation _h made consid]able advances1 we _c take ! savage my?s z pro( ( :at savages ?9k1 believe & practice 9 ! c\rse ( daily life4 ,to d s w\ld be1 p]haps1 to argue 9 a circle4 ,we mu/ !re=e /udy ! my?s ( ! undevelop$ races 9 !mselves4 ,^! my?s =m a composite :ole1 s complex & s nebul\s t x is h>d inde$ to array !m 9 classes & categories4 ,= example1 if we look at my?s conc]n+ ! orig9 ( v>i\s ph5om5a1 we f9d t "s introduce ! action ( gods or extra-natural be+s1 :ile o!rs re/ on a rude !ory ( caprici\s evolution2 o!rs1 aga91 invoke ! aid ( ! magic ( mortals1 & mo/ reg>d ! great natural =ces1 ! heav5ly bodies1 & ! animals1 z s _m p]sonal *>act]s capable ( volunt>ily modify+ !mselves or ( be+ modifi$ by ! mo/ trivial accid5ts4 ,"s sort ( arrangem5t1 h[ev]1 mu/ be attempt$1 only ! /ud5t is to und]/& t ! l9es are nev] drawn ) def9ite fixity1 t any category may glide into any o!r category ( my?4 ,we %all beg9 by consid]+ "s nature my?s--my?s1 t is to say1 :i* expla9 ! facts ( ! visible univ]se4 ,^! range f tales ab\t heav51 day1 night1 ! sun & ! />s1 to tales acc\nt+ = ! r$ brea/ ( ! ousel1 ! habits ( ! quail1 ! spots & /ripes ( wild bea/s1 ! =mation ( rocks & /ones1 ! foliage ( trees1 ! %apes ( plants4 ,9 a s5se ^! my?s are ! sci5ce ( savages2 9 a s5se !y are _! sacr$ hi/ory2 9 a s5se !y are _! fiction & romance4 ,beg9n+ ) ! sun1 we f9d1 z ,mr4 ,tylor says1 t 9 e>ly philosophy ?r\gh\t ! _w ! sun & moon are alive1 &1 z x 71 human 9 _! nature47#a7 ,! mass ( ^! sol> my?s is s enorm\s t only a few examples c be giv51 *os5 almo/ at r&om out ( ! heap4 ,! sun is reg>d$ z a p]sonal be+1 capable n only ( be+ affect$ by *>ms & incantations1 b ( be+ trapp$ & beat51 ( appe>+ on e>?1 ( tak+ a wife ( ! daught]s ( m54 ,g>cilasso de la ,vega has a /ory ( an ,inca pr9ce1 a speculative ?9k]1 :o 0 puzzl$ by ! sun-wor%ip ( 8 ance/ors4 ,if ! sun be ?us all-p[]ful1 ! ,inca inquir$1 :y is he pla9ly subject to laws8 :y does he g 8 daily r\nd1 in/ead ( w&]+ at l>ge up & d[n ! fields ( heav58 ,! pr9ce conclud$ t !re 0 a w sup]ior to ! sun's w1 & he rais$ a temple to ! ,unkn[n ,p[]4 ,n[ ! ph5om5a :i* put ! ,inca on ! pa? ( mono!i/ic religion1 a pa? already traditional1 accord+ to ,g>cilasso1 h also /ruck ! fancy ( savages4 ,:y1 !y ask1 does ! sun run 8 c\rse l a tam$ bea/8 ,a reply suit$ to a m9d :i* holds t all ?+s are p]sonal is giv5 9 my?s4 ,"s "o caught & tam$ ! sun by physical =ce or by art magic4 7#a7 ,primitive ,culture1 i4 #bhh4 ,9 ,au/ralia ! my? says t !re 0 a "t :5 ! sun did n set4 ,x 0 at all times day1 & ! blacks grew we>y4 ,norralie consid]$ & decid$ t ! sun %\ld disappe> at int]vals4 ,he address$ ! sun 9 an incantation 7c\*$ l ! ,f9ni% ,kalewala 9 ! metre ( ,longfell['s ,hiawa?a72 & ! incantation is ?us int]pret$3 ,sun1 sun1 burn y\r wood1 burn y\r int]nal sub/ance1 & g d[n4 ,! sun !re=e n[ burns out 8 fuel 9 a day1 & goes bel[ = fre% firewood47#a7 7#a7 ,br\gh ,smy?1 ,aborig9es ( ,victoria1 i4 #dcj4 ,9 ,new ,zeal& ! tam+ ( ! sun is attribut$ to ! great h]o ,maui1 ! ,prome!us ( ! ,maoris4 ,he set sn>es to cat* ! sun1 b 9 va91 = ! sun's rays bit !m ?r\gh4 ,accord+ to ano!r acc\nt1 :ile ,norralie wi%$ to ha/5 ! sun's sett+1 ,maui want$ to delay x1 = ! sun us$ to spe$ ?r\gh ! heav5s at a rac+ pace4 ,maui !re=e sn>$ ! sun1 & beat him s unm]cifully t he has be5 lame ev] s9ce1 & travels sl[ly1 giv+ long] days4 ,! sun1 :5 beat51 cri$ out & reveal$ 8 second great "n1 ,taura-mis-te-ra47#a7 ,x w be rememb]$ t ,indra1 9 8 abject t]ror :5 he fl$ aft] ! slay+ ( ,vrittra1 also reveal$ 8 my/ic "n4 ,9 ,nor? ,am]ica ! same /ory ( ! trapp+ & lam+ ( ! sun is told1 & attribut$ to a h]o nam$ ,t*a-ka-bet*4 ,9 ,samoa ! sun _h a *ild by a ,samoan woman4 ,he trapp$ ! sun ) a rope made ( a v9e & extort$ pres5ts4 ,ano!r ,samoan lasso$ ! sun & made him promise to move m sl[ly47#b7 ,^! ,samoan & ,au/ralian fancies are ne>ly z dignifi$ z ! tale 9 ! ,ait>eya ,brahmana4 ,! gods1 afraid t ! sun w\ld fall out ( heav51 pull$ him up & ti$ him ) five ropes4 ,^! ropes are recognis$ z v]ses 9 ! ritual1 b probably ! ritual is lat] ?an ! ropes4 ,9 ,mexico we f9d t ! sun himself 7l ! />s 9 mo/ my?s7 0 once a human or pre-human devotee1 ,nanahuatz91 :o leapt into a fire to propitiate ! gods47#c7 ,translat$ to heav5 z ! sun1 ,nanahuatz9 burn$ s v fi]cely t he ?reat5$ to r$uce ! _w to a c9d]4 ,arr[s 7 !re=e %ot at him1 & ?is puni%m5t _h z happy an effect z ! beat+s adm9i/]$ by ,maui & ,t*a-ka-bet*4 ,among ! ,bu%m5 ( ,s\? ,africa ! sun 0 once a man1 f ^: armpit a limit$ am\nt ( light 0 radiat$ r\nd 8 hut4 ,"s *ildr5 ?rew him up into ! sky1 & !re he /uck1 & !re he %9es47#d7 ,9 ! ,hom]ic hymn to ,helios1 z ,mr4 ,max ,mull] obs]ves1 ! poet looks on ,helios z a half god1 almo/ a h]o1 :o _h once liv$ on e>?1 :i* is precisely ! view ( ! ,bu%m547#e7 ,among ! ,aztecs ! sun is said to h be5 attack$ by a hunt] & griev\sly w\nd$ by 8 arr[s47#f7 ,! ,gall9om]os1 9 ,c5tral ,cali=nia1 seem at lea/ to "k t ! sun is mat]ial & imp]sonal4 ,!y say t :5 all 0 d>k 9 ! beg9n+1 ! animals 7 con/antly jo/l+ ea* o!r4 ,aft] a pa9ful enc\nt]1 ! hawk & ! coyote collect$ two balls ( inflammable sub/ance2 ! hawk 7,indra 0 occasionally a hawk7 flew up ) !m into heav51 & light$ !m ) sp>ks f a fl9t4 ,!re !y gave light z sun & moon4 ,?is is an exception to ! g5]al rule t ! heav5ly bodies are reg>d$ z p]sons4 ,! ,melanesian tale ( ! br++ ( night is a curi\s contra/ to ! ,mexican1 ,maori1 ,au/ralian & ,am]ican ,indian /ories :i* we h quot$4 ,9 ,melanesia1 z 9 ,au/ralia1 ! days 7 long1 inde$ endless1 & p grew tir$2 b in/ead ( s5d+ ! sun d[n bel[ by an incantation :5 night w\ld foll[ 9 c\rse ( nature1 ! ,melanesian h]o w5t to ,night 7conceiv$ ( z a p]son7 & begg$ 8 assi/ance4 ,night 7,qong7 receiv$ ,qat 7! h]o7 k9dly1 d>k5$ 8 eyes1 gave him sleep1 &1 9 twelve h\rs or s1 crept up f ! horizon & s5t ! sun crawl+ to ! we/47#g7 ,9 ! same _s ,p>acelsus is said to h attribut$ night1 n to ! abs5ce ( ! sun1 b to ! app>ition ( c]ta9 />s :i* radiate d>kness4 ,x is extraord9>y t a my? l ! ,melanesian %\ld occur 9 ,brazil4 ,!re 0 endless day till "s "o m>ri$ a girl ^: fa!r ! great s]p5t1 0 ! own] ( night4 ,! fa!r s5t night bottl$ up 9 a g\rd4 ,! g\rd 0 n to be uncork$ till ! mess5g]s rea*$ ! bride1 b !y1 9 _! curiosity1 op5$ ! g\rd1 & let night out prematurely47#h7 7#a7 ,taylor1 ,new ,zeal&1 p4 #aca4 7#b7 ,turn]1 ,samoa1 p4 #bj4 7#c7 ,sahagun1 ,fr5* trans41 vii4 ii4 7#d7 ,bleck1 ,hott5tot ,fables1 p4 #fg2 ,bu%man ,folk-,lore1 pp4 #i1 #aa4 7#e7 ,comp>e a ,cali=nian sol> my?3 ,bancr(t1 iii4 pp4 #he1 #hf4 7#f7 ,bancr(t1 iii4 #gc1 quot+ ,burgoa1 i4 #abh1 #aif4 7#g7 ,codr+ton1 ,j\rn4 ,an?rop4 ,in/41 ,febru>y1 #ahha4 7#h7 ,contes ,indi5s du ,bresil1 pp4 #a-i1 by ,c\to de ,magalhaes4 ,rio de ,janeiro1 #ahhc4 ,m4 ,h5ri ,gaidoz k9dly pres5t$ ! au?or ) ?is "w4 ,! my?s :i* h be5 report$ deal ma9ly ) ! sun z a p]son :o %9es1 & at fix$ int]vals disappe>s4 ,8 relations ) ! moon are mu* m complicat$1 & are ! subject ( endless /ories1 all expla9+ 9 a romantic fa%ion :y ! moon waxes & wanes1 :5ce come h] spots1 :y %e is eclips$1 all />t+ f ! premise t sun & moon are p]sons ) human p>ts & passions4 ,sometimes ! moon is a man1 sometimes a woman & ! sex ( ! sun v>ies accord+ to ! fancy ( ! n>rators4 ,diff]5t tribes ( ! same race1 z among ! ,au/ralians1 h diff]5t views ( ! sex ( moon & sun4 ,among ! aborig9es ( ,victoria1 ! moon1 l ! sun among ! ,bu%m51 0 a black fell[ be=e he w5t up into ! sky4 ,aft] an unusually savage c>e]1 he 0 kill$ ) a /one hat*et by ! wives ( ! eagle1 & n[ he %9es 9 ! heav5s47#a7 ,ano!r my? explanatory ( ! moon's phases 0 f\nd by ,mr4 ,mey] 9 #ahdf among ! natives ( ,enc\nt] ,bay4 ,accord+ to !m ! moon is a woman1 & a bad woman to boot4 ,%e lives a life ( dissipation among m51 :i* makes h] consumptive1 & %e wa/es away till !y drive h] f _! company4 ,:ile %e is 9 retreat1 %e lives on n\ri%+ roots1 becomes q plump1 resumes h] gay c>e]1 & aga9 wa/es away4 ,! same tribe1 /rangely en\gh1 ?9k t ! sun also is a woman4 ,e night %e desc5ds among ! dead1 :o /& 9 d\ble l9es to greet h] & let h] pass4 ,%e has a lov] among ! dead1 :o has pres5t$ h] ) a r$ kang>oo sk91 & 9 ?is %e appe>s at h] ris+4 ,su* is ! view ( rosy-f+]$ ,dawn ent]ta9$ by ! blacks ( ,enc\nt] ,bay4 ,9 ,s\? ,am]ica1 among ! ,muyscas ( ,bogota1 ! moon1 ,huy?aca1 is ! malevol5t wife ( ! *ild ( ! sun2 %e 0 a woman be=e h] husb& bani%$ h] to ! fields ( space47#b7 ,! moon is a man among ! ,khasias ( ! ,himalaya1 & he 0 guilty ( ! unp>donable (f5ce ( admir+ 8 "m-9-law4 ,z a g5]al rule1 ! "m-9-law is n ev5 to be spok5 to by ! savage son-9-law4 ,! lady ?rew a%es 9 8 face to disc\rage 8 passion1 h5ce ! moon's spots4 ,! wan+ ( ! moon sugge/$ ! mo/ beautiful & be/ kn[n ( savage my?s1 t 9 :i* ! moon s5ds a bea/ to tell mortals t1 ?\gh !y die l h]1 l h] !y %all be born aga947#c7 ,because ! spots 9 ! moon 7 ?\ght to resemble a h>e !y 7 acc\nt$ = 9 ,mexico by ! hypo!sis t a god smote ! moon 9 ! face ) a rabbit27#d7 9 ,zulul& & ,?ibet by a fanci$ translation ( a good or bad h>e to ! moon4 7#a7 ,br\gh ,smy?1 ,aborig9es ( ,victoria1 i4 #dcb4 7#b7 ,tylor1 ,primitive ,culture1 i4 #cec4 7#c7 ,bleek1 ,reyn>d 9 ,s\? ,africa1 pp4 #fi-gd4 7#d7 ,sahagun1 viii4 #b4 ,! ,eskimos h a peculi> my? to acc\nt = ! moon's spots4 ,sun & moon 7 human bro!r & si/]4 ,9 ! d>kness ! moon once attempt$ ! virtue ( ! sun4 ,%e sme>$ 8 face ov] ) a%es1 t %e might detect him :5 a light 0 br\ght4 ,%e did discov] :o h] assailant _h be51 fl$ to ! sky1 & became ! sun4 ,! moon /ill pursues h]1 & 8 face is /ill black5$ ) ! m>ks ( a%es47#a7 ,g]vaise7#b7 says t 9 ,macass> ! moon 0 held to be ) *ild by ! sun1 & t :5 he pursu$ h] & wi%$ to beat h]1 %e 0 deliv]$ ( ! e>?4 ,!y are n[ reconcil$4 ,ab\t ! alt]nate appe>ance ( sun & moon a beautifully complete & adequate tale is told by ! ,piute ,indians ( ,cali=nia4 ,no m adequate & sci5tific explanation c\ld possibly be (f]$1 grant+ ! hypo!sis t sun & moon are human p]sons & savage p]sons4 ,! my? is pr9t$ z x 0 tak5 d[n by ,mr4 ,de ,quille f ! lips ( ,tooroop ,e5ah 7,des]t ,fa!r71 a *ief ( ! ,piutes1 & publi%$ 9 a ,san ,francisco newspap]4 7#a7 ,crantz's ,hi/ory ( ,gre5l&1 i4 #bab4 7#b7 ,royaume de ,macac>1 #afhh4 ,! sun is ! fa!r & rul] ( ! heav5s4 ,he is ! big *ief4 ,! moon is 8 wife & ! />s are _! *ildr54 ,! sun eats 8 *ildr5 :5ev] he c cat* !m4 ,!y flee be=e him1 & are all ! "t afraid :5 he is pass+ ?r\gh ! heav5s4 ,:5 he 7_! fa!r7 appe>s 9 ! morn+1 y see all ! />s1 8 *ildr51 fly out ( sight--g away back into ! blue ( ! above--& !y d n wake to be se5 aga9 until he1 _! fa!r1 is ab\t go+ to 8 b$4 ,d[n deep "u ! gr\nd--deep1 deep1 "u all ! gr\nd--is a great hole4 ,at night1 :5 he has pass$ ov] ! _w1 look$ d[n on ev]y?+ & f9i%$ 8 "w1 he1 ! sun1 goes into 8 hole1 & he crawls & creeps along x till he comes to 8 b$ 9 ! middle "p ( ! e>?4 ,s !n he1 ! sun1 sleeps !re 9 8 b$ all night4 ,?is hole is s little1 & he1 ! sun1 is s big1 t he _c turn r\nd 9 x2 & s he mu/1 :5 he has _h all 8 sleep1 pass on ?r\gh1 & 9 ! morn+ we see him come out 9 ! ea/4 ,:5 he1 ! sun1 has s come out1 he beg9s to hunt up ?r\gh ! sky to cat* & eat any t he c ( ! />s1 8 *ildr51 = if he does n s cat* & eat he _c live4 ,he1 ! sun1 is n all se54 ,! %ape ( him is l a snake or a liz>d4 ,x is n 8 head t we c see1 b 8 belly1 fill$ up ) ! />s t times & times he has swall[$4 ,! moon is ! "m ( ! heav5s & is ! wife ( ! sun4 ,%e1 ! moon1 goes into ! same hole z h] husb& to sleep h] naps4 ,b always %e has great fe> ( ! sun1 h] husb&1 & :5 he comes ?r\gh ! hole to ! nobee 7t5t7 deep 9 ! gr\nd to sleep1 %e gets out & comes away if he be cross4 ,%e1 ! moon1 has great love = h] *ildr51 ! />s1 & is happy to travel among !m 9 ! above2 & !y1 h] *ildr51 feel safe1 & s+ & dance z %e passes along4 ,b ! "m1 %e _c help t "s ( h] *ildr5 mu/ be swall[$ by ! fa!r e mon?4 ,x is ord]$ t way by ! ,pah-ah 7,great ,_s71 :o lives above ! place ( all4 ,e mon? t fa!r1 ! sun1 does swall[ "s ( ! />s1 8 *ildr51 & !n t "m1 ! moon1 feels sorr[4 ,%e mu/ m\rn2 s %e mu/ put ! black on h] face = to m\rn ! dead4 ,y see ! ,piute wom5 put black on _! faces :5 a *ild is gone4 ,b ! d>k w we> away f ! face ( t "m1 ! moon1 a little & a little e day1 & aft] a "t aga9 we see all bright ! face ( h]4 ,b soon m ( h] *ildr5 are gone1 & aga9 %e mu/ put on h] face ! pit* & ! black4 ,"h all ! ph5om5a are acc\nt$ =1 & ! explanation is z advanc$ z ! ,egyptian doctr9e ( ! hole "u ! e>? :]e ! sun goes :5 he passes f our view4 ,& /ill ! ,great ,_s is ov] all3 ,religion comes a?w>t ,my?4 ,mr4 ,tylor quotes7#a7 a nature my? ab\t sun1 moon & />s :i* rem>kably corresponds to ! speculation ( ! ,piutes4 ,! ,m9tira ( ! ,malayan ,p59sula say t bo? sun & moon are wom54 ,! />s are ! moon's *ildr52 once ! sun _h z _m4 ,!y ea* agre$ 7l ! wom5 ( ,j]usalem 9 ! fam9e71 to eat _! own *ildr52 b ! sun swall[$ h] :ole family1 :ile ! moon conceal$ h]s4 ,:5 ! sun saw ?is %e 0 exce$+ly angry1 & pursu$ ! moon to kill h]4 ,occasionally %e gets a bite out ( ! moon1 & t is an eclipse4 ,! ,hos ( ,nor?-,ea/ ,india tell ! same tale1 b say t ! sun cleft ! moon 9 twa9 = h] trea*]y1 & t %e cont9ues to be cut 9 two & gr[ aga9 e mon?4 ,) ^! sun & moon leg5ds sometimes coexi/s ! ,,religi\s belief 9 a ,creator ( ^! & ( all ?+s4 7#a7 ,primitive ,culture1 i4 #cef4 ,9 h>mony ) ! g5]al hypo!sis t all objects 9 nature are p]sonal1 & human or be/ial1 9 real %ape1 & 9 passion & habits1 are ! my?s :i* acc\nt = eclipses4 ,^! h s frequ5tly be5 publi%$ & comm5t$ on7#a7 t a long /atem5t w\ld be t$i\s & sup]flu\s4 ,to ! savage m9d1 & ev5 to ! ,*9ese & ! peasants ( "s ,european c\ntries1 ! ne$ ( an explanation is satisfi$ by ! my? t an evil bea/ is dev\r+ ! sun or ! moon4 ,! p ev5 try by fir+ (f guns1 %riek+1 & cla%+ cymbals1 to fright5 ! bea/ 7wolf1 pig1 dragon1 or :at n7 f 8 prey4 ,:at ! hungry mon/] 9 ! sky is do+ :5 he is n bit+ ! sun or moon we are n in=m$4 ,probably he h]ds ) ! big bird ^: w+s1 among ! ,dacotahs ( ,am]ica & ! ,zulus ( ,africa1 make ?und]2 or he may associate ) ! dragons1 s]p5ts1 c[s & o!r a]ial cattle :i* supply ! ra91 & %[ !mselves 9 ! wat]sp\t4 ,*9ese1 ,gre5l&1 ,h9doo1 ,f9ni%1 ,li?unian & ,moori% examples ( ! my? ab\t ! moon-dev\r+ bea/s are v\*$ = by ,grimm47#b7 ,a ,mongolian leg5d has x t ! gods wi%$ to puni% ! malefic5t ,arakho = 8 misde$s1 b ,arakho hid s clev]ly t _! limit$ omnipot5ce c\ld n f9d him4 ,! sun1 :5 ask$ to turn spy1 gave an evasive answ]4 ,! moon told ! tru?4 ,arakho 0 puni%$1 & ev] s9ce he *ases sun & moon4 ,:5 he ne>ly cat*es ei!r ( !m1 !re is an eclipse1 & ! p try to drive him (f by mak+ a hide\s upro> ) musical & o!r in/rum5ts47#c7 ,capta9 ,beeckman 9 #agjd 0 9 ,borneo1 :5 ! natives decl>$ t ! devil 0 eat+ ! moon4 7#a7 ,tylor1 ,primitive ,culture1 vol4 i42 ,lefebure1 ,les ,yeux d',horus4 7#b7 ,teutonic ,my?ology1 ,engli% trans41 ii4 #gjf4 7#c7 ,moon-,lore by ,rev4 ,t4 ,h>ley1 p4 #afg4 ,dr4 ,br9ton 9 8 ,my?s & ,my?-,mak]s gives examples f ,p]uvians1 ,tupis1 ,creeks1 ,iroquois & ,algonk9s4 ,x w\ld be easy1 & is p]haps sup]flu\s1 to g on multiply+ pro(s ( ! belief t sun & moon are1 or h be51 p]sons4 ,9 ! ,h]vey ,isles ^! two lum9>ies are ?\ght to h be5 made out ( ! body ( a *ild cut 9 twa9 by 8 p>5ts4 ,! blood escap$ f ! half :i* is ! moon1 h5ce h] pallor47#a7 ,?is tale is an exception to ! g5]al rule1 b rem9ds u ( ! _m my?s :i* repres5t ! ?+s 9 ! _w z hav+ be5 made out ( a mutilat$ man1 l ! ,v$ic ,puru%a4 ,x is h>dly necess>y1 except by way ( record1 to po9t out t ! ,greek my?s ( sun & moon1 l ! my?s ( savages1 />t f ! conception ( ! sol> & lun> bodies z p]sons ) p>ts & passions1 human loves & human sorr[s4 ,z 9 ! ,mongolian my? ( ,arakho1 ! sun sees all & he>s all1 &1 less hon\rable ?an ! ,mongolian sun1 he plays ! spy = ,hephae/us on ! loves ( ,ares & ,aphrodite4 ,he has mi/resses & human *ildr51 su* z ,circe & ,aeetes47#b7 7#a7 ,gill1 ,my?s & ,songs1 p4 #de4 7#b7 ,see *apt] on ,greek ,div9e ,my?s4 ,! sun is all-see+ & all-p5etrat+4 ,9 a ,greek song ( to-day a "m s5ds a message to an abs5t daught] by ! sun2 x is b an unconsci\s repetition ( ! reque/ ( ! dy+ ,ajax t ! heav5ly body w tell 8 fate to 8 old fa!r & 8 sorr[+ sp\se47#a7 7#a7 ,sophocles1 ,ajax1 #hdf4 ,sel5e1 ! moon1 l ,helios1 ! sun1 0 a p]son1 & amor\s4 ,belov$ by ,zeus1 %e gave bir? to ,p&ia1 & ,pan ga9$ h] affection by ! simple ru/ic gift ( a fleece47#a7 ,! ,au/ralian ,dawn1 ) h] pres5t ( a r$ kang>oo sk91 0 n m lightly won ?an ! *a/e ,sel5e4 ,h] affection = ,endymion is well kn[n1 & h] cold :ite glance %9es ?r\gh ! crevices ( 8 m\nta9 grave1 hewn 9 a rocky wall1 l ! tombs ( ,phrygia47#b7 ,%e is ! si/] ( ! sun 9 ,hesiod1 ! daught] 7by 8 si/]7 ( ,hyp]ion 9 ! ,hom]ic hymns to ,helios4 7#a7 ,virgil1 ,georgics1 iii4 #cia4 7#b7 ,prell]1 ,grie*4 ,my?41 i4 #afc4 ,9 ,greece ! aspects ( sun & moon take ! mo/ ideal human =ms1 & %[ !mselves 9 ! mo/ graci\s my?s4 ,b1 aft] all1 ^! reta9 9 _! an?ropomorphism ! m>ks ( ! e>lie/ fancy1 ! fancy ( ,eskimos & ,au/ralians4 ,x seems to be commonly ?\ght t ! exi/5ce ( sol> my?s is d5i$ by an?ropologi/s4 ,?is is a vulg> error4 ,!re is an enorm\s mass ( sol> my?s1 b !y are n caus$ by a disease ( language1 &--all my?s are n sol>6 ,!re is no occasion to dwell long on my?s ( ! same "* 9 :i* ! />s are acc\nt$ = z trans=m$ human adv5tur]s4 ,x has (t5 be5 %[n t ?is op9ion is practically ( _w-wide di/ribution47#a7 ,we f9d x 9 ,au/ralia1 ,p]sia1 ,greece1 among ! ,bu%m51 9 ,nor? & ,s\? ,am]ica1 among ! ,eskimos1 9 anci5t ,egypt1 9 ,new ,zeal&1 9 anci5t ,india--briefly1 :]ev] we look4 ,! ,sanskrit =ms ( ^! my?s h be5 said to arise f confusion z to ! mean+ ( words4 ,b is x cr$ible t1 9 all languages1 h[ev] diff]5t1 ! same k9d ( unconsci\s puns %\ld h l$ to ! same mi/ak5 beliefs8 ,z ! savage1 b>b>\s & ,greek />-my?s 7su* z t ( ,calli/o1 fir/ *ang$ into a be> & !n into a con/ellation7 are famili> to mo/ read]s1 a few examples ( ,sanskrit />-/ories are (f]$ "h f ! ,satapa?a ,brahmana47#b7 ,fires are n1 accord+ to ! ,brahmana ritual1 to be light$ "u ! />s call$ ,krittikas1 ! ,pleiades4 ,! reason is t ! />s 7 ! wives ( ! be>s 7,rik%a71 = ! gr\p kn[n 9 ,brahmanic times z ! ,ri%is 7sages7 7 orig9ally call$ ! ,rik%as 7be>s74 ,b ! wives ( ! be>s 7 exclud$ f ! society ( _! husb&s1 = ! be>s rise 9 ! nor? & _! wives 9 ! ea/4 ,!re=e ! wor%ipp] %\ld n set up 8 fires "u ! ,pleiades1 le/ he %\ld !reby be sep>at$ f ! company ( 8 wife4 ,! ,brahmanas7#c7 also tell u t ,prajapati _h an unholy passion = 8 daught]1 :o 0 9 ! =m ( a doe4 ,! gods made ,rudra fire an arr[ at ,prajapati to puni% him2 he 0 w\nd$1 & leap$ into ! sky1 :]e he became "o con/ellation & 8 daught] ano!r1 & ! arr[ a ?ird gr\p ( />s4 ,9 g5]al1 accord+ to ! ,brahmanas1 ! />s are ! lights ( virtu\s m5 :o g to ! heav5ly _w47#d7 7#a7 ,cu/om & ,my?1 ,/>-,my?s2 ,primitive ,culture1 i4 #bhh1 #bia2 ,j4 ,g4 ,mull]1 ,am]ikanis*5 ,urreligion51 pp4 #eb1 #ec4 7#b7 ,sacr$ ,books ( ! ,ea/1 i4 #bhc-bhf4 7#c7 ,ait>eya ,bramana1 iii4 #cc4 7#d7 ,satapa?a ,brahmana1 vi4 #e1 #d1 #h4 ,= ,greek examples1 ,hesiod1 ,ovid1 & ! ,cata/]ismoi1 attribut$ to ,erato/h5es1 are useful au?orities4 ,probably _m ( ! tales 9 ,erato/h5es are late fictions consci\sly m\ld$ on traditional data4 ,pass+ f savage my?s explanatory ( ! nature ( cele/ial bodies to my?s acc\nt+ = ! =mation & col\r & habits ( bea/s1 birds & fi%es1 we f9d ourselves1 z an old ,jesuit mission>y says1 9 ! mid/ ( a b>b>\s v]sion ( ,ovid's ,metamorphoses4 ,x has be5 %[n t ! possibility ( int]*ange ( =m betwe5 man & bea/ is "p ( ! work+ belief ( ev]yday exi/5ce among ! l[] peoples4 ,!y reg>d all ?+s z on "o level1 or1 to use an old political phrase1 !y level up ev]y?+ to equality ) ! human /atus4 ,?us ,mr4 ,im ,?urn1 a v good obs]v]1 f\nd t to ! ,indians ( ,guiana all objects1 animate or inam9ate1 seem exactly ( ! same nature1 except t !y diff] by ! accid5t ( bodily =m4 ,cle>ly to grasp ?is entirely natural conception ( primitive man1 ! civilis$ /ud5t mu/ make a great ef=t to =get = a "t all t sci5ce has taught him ( ! diff]5ces betwe5 ! objects :i* fill ! _w47#a7 ,to ! e> ( ! savage1 animals c]ta9ly seem to talk4 ,z f> z ! ,indians ( ,guiana are conc]n$1 ,i d n believe t !y di/+ui% su* be+s z sun & moon1 or su* o!r natural ph5om5a z w9ds & /orms1 f m5 & o!r animals1 f plants & o!r inanimate objects1 or f any o!r objects :atsoev]4 ,bancr(t says ab\t ,nor? ,am]ican my?s1 ,bea/s & birds & fi%es fet* & c>ry1 talk & act1 9 a way t leaves ev5 ,aesop's h]oes q 9 ! %ade47#b7 7#a7 ,j\rn4 ,an?rop4 ,in/41 xi4 #cff-cfi4 ,a v l>ge & ri* collection ( te/imonies z to metamorphosis w be f\nd 9 ,j4 ,g4 ,mull]'s ,am]ikanis*5 ,urreligion51 p4 #fb et seq42 :ile1 = ,european sup]/itions1 ,bod9 on ,la ,demonomanie des ,sorci]s1 ,lyon1 #aeih1 may be consult$4 7#b7 ,vol4 iii4 p4 #abg4 ,! savage t5d5cy is to see 9 inanimate ?+s animals1 & 9 animals disguis$ m54 ,m4 ,reville quotes 9 8 ,religions des ,peuples ,non-,civilise's1 i4 #fd1 ! /ory ( "s ,negroes1 :o1 ! fir/ "t !y 7 %[n a cornemuse1 took ! in/rum5t = a bea/1 ! two holes = its eyes4 ,! ,highl&] :o loot$ a wat* at ,pre/onpans1 & obs]v+1 ,%e's te$1 sold x *eap :5 x ran d[n1 0 9 ! same psy*ological condition4 ,a que] bit ( savage sci5ce is display$ on a black /one tobacco-pipe f ! ,pacific ,coa/47#a7 ,! savage arti/ has c>v$ ! pipe 9 ! lik5ess ( a /eam]1 z a /eam] is conceiv$ by him4 ,unable to acc\nt = ! motive p[]1 he imag9es ! paddle to be l9k$ r\nd ! tongue ( a coil$ s]p5t1 fa/5$ to ! tail ( ! vessel1 & s he repres5ts x on ! black /one pipe4 ,nay1 a savage's belief t bea/s are on 8 own level is s lit]al1 t he actually makes blood-cov5ants ) ! l[] animals1 z he does ) m51 m+l+ 8 gore ) !irs1 or sme>+ bo? toge!r on a /one27#b7 :ile to bury dead animals ) sacr$ rites is z usual among ! ,b$\9s & ,malagasies to-day z 9 anci5t ,egypt or ,attica4 ,9 ! same way ! ,a9os ( ,japan1 :o reg>d ! be> z a k9sman1 sacrifice a be> once a ye>4 ,b1 to propitiate ! animal & 8 connections1 !y appo9t him a "m1 an ,a9o girl1 :o looks aft] 8 com=ts1 & behaves 9 a way z mat]nal z possible4 ,! be> is n[ a k9sman1 7,greek text omitt$71 & _c av5ge himself )9 ! k94 ,?is1 at lea/1 seems to be ! hum\r ( x4 ,9 ,lag>de's ,reliquiae ,juris ,ecclesia/ici ,antiquissimae a simil> ,syrian cov5ant ( k9%ip ) insects is describ$4 ,ab\t #gjj ,a4 ,d41 :5 a ,syrian g>d5 0 infe/$ by cat]pill>s1 ! maid5s 7 assembl$1 & "o cat]pill> 0 caught4 ,!n "o ( ! virg9s 0 made its "m1 & ! creature 0 buri$ ) due lam5tations4 ,! "m 0 !n br\ght to ! spot :]e ! pe/s 71 h] companions bewail$ h]1 & ! cat]pill>s p]i%$ l _! *os5 k9sman1 b )\t extort+ rev5ge47#c7 ,rev5ge 0 out ( _! rea*4 ,!y _h be5 br\ght )9 ! k9 ( _! foes1 & !re 7 no ,er9nyes1 av5g]s ( k9dr$ blood1 to help !m4 ,p 9 ?is condition ( belief naturally tell hundr$s ( tales1 9 :i* m51 /ones1 trees1 bea/s1 %ift %apes1 & 9 :i* ! modifications ( animal =ms are caus$ by accid5t1 or by human ag5cy1 or by magic1 or by metamorphosis4 ,su* tales survive 9 our mod]n folk-lore4 ,to make our mean+ cle>1 we may give ! ,european nurs]y-my? ( ! orig9 ( ! donkey's long e>s1 &1 among o!r illu/rations1 ! ,au/ralian my? ( ! orig9 ( ! black & :ite plumage ( ! pelican4 ,mr4 ,ral/on has publi%$ ! ,russian v]sion ( ! my? ( ! donkey's e>s4 ,! ,spani% =m1 :i* is id5tical ) ! ,russian1 is giv5 by ,f]nan ,caball]o 9 ,la ,gaviota4 7#a7 ,magaz9e ( ,art1 ,janu>y1 #ahhc4 7#b7 ,malagasy ,folk-,tales1 ,folk-,lore ,j\rnal1 ,octob]1 #ahhc4 7#c7 ,we are indebt$ to ,pr(essor ,rob]tson ,smi? = ?is example1 & to ,miss ,bird's ,j\rnal1 pp4 #ij1 #ig1 = ! ,a9o p>allel4 ,li/56 d y "k :y y\r e>s are s big8 7! /ory is told to a /upid little boy ) big e>s74 ,:5 ,fa!r ,adam f\nd himself 9 ,p>adise ) ! animals1 he gave ea* its "n2 ^? ( ,,?y species1 my *ild1 he nam$ 'donkeys'4 ,"o day1 n long aft]1 he call$ ! bea/s toge!r1 & ask$ ea* to tell him its "n4 ,!y all answ]$ "r except ! animals ( ,,?y sort1 & !y _h =gott5 _! "n6 ,!n ,fa!r ,adam 0 v angry1 &1 tak+ t =getful donkey by ! e>s1 he pull$ !m out1 scream+ ',y are call$ ,,donkey6' ,& ! donkey's e>s h be5 long ev] s9ce4 ,?is1 to a *ild1 is a cr$ible explanation4 ,s1 p]haps1 is ano!r survival ( ?is =m ( sci5ce--! ,scot* explanation ( ! black m>ks on ! haddock2 !y 7 impress$ by ,/4 ,pet]'s f+] & ?umb :5 he took ! piece ( money = ,caes>'s tax out ( ! fi%'s m\?4 ,turn+ f folk-lore to savage beliefs1 we le>n t f "o end ( ,africa to ano!r ! honey-bird1 s*net]1 is said to be an old woman ^: son 0 lo/1 & :o pursu$ him till %e 0 turn$ into a bird1 :i* /ill %rieks 8 "n1 ,s*net]1 ,s*net]47#a7 ,9 ! same way ! mann]s ( mo/ ( ! birds kn[n to ! ,greeks 7 acc\nt$ = by ! my? t !y _h be5 m5 & wom54 ,zeus1 = example1 turn$ ,ceyx & ,halcyon into sea-f[ls because !y 7 too pr\d 9 _! m>ri$ happ9ess47#b7 ,to ^! my?s ( ! orig9 ( v>i\s animals we %all return1 b we mu/ n =get ! black & :ite ,au/ralian pelican4 ,:y is ! pelican p>ti-col\r$87#c7 ,= ?is reason3 ,aft] ! ,flood 7! orig9 ( :i* is v>i\sly expla9$ by ! ,murri71 ! pelican 7:o _h be5 a black fell[7 made a canoe1 & w5t ab\t l a k9d ( ,noah1 try+ to save ! dr[n+4 ,9 ! c\rse ( 8 b5evol5t mission he fell 9 love ) a woman1 b %e & h] fri5ds play$ him a trick & escap$ f him4 ,! pelican at once prep>$ to g on ! w>-pa?4 ,! fir/ ?+ to d 0 to daub himself :ite1 z is ! cu/om ( ! blacks be=e a battle4 ,!y ?9k ! :ite pipe-clay /rikes t]ror & inspires respect among ! enemy4 ,b :5 ! pelican 0 only half pipe-clay$1 ano!r pelican came pa/1 &1 n kn[+ :at su* a que] black & :ite ?+ 01 /ruck ! fir/ pelican ) 8 beak & kill$ him4 ,be=e t pelicans 7 all black2 n[ !y are black & :ite4 ,t is ! reason47#d7 7#a7 ,b>?1 iii4 #ceh4 7#b7 ,apollodorus1 i4 #g 7#ac1 #ab74 7#c7 ,sahagun1 viii4 #b1 acc\nts = col\rs ( eagle & tig]4 ,a numb] ( races expla9 ! habits & m>ks ( animals z ! result ( a curse or bless+ ( a god or h]o4 ,! ,hott5tots1 ! ,hu>o*iri ( ,p]u1 ! ,new ,zeal&]s 7,%ortl&1 ,traditions1 p4 #eg71 are among ! peoples :i* use ?is my?4 7#d7 ,br\gh ,sym?1 ,aborig9es ( ,au/ralia1 i4 #dgg1 #dgh4 ,t is ! reason4 ,!re) native philosopy is satisfi$1 & does n exam9e 9 ,mr4 ,d>w9's labori\s mann] ! sl[ evolution ( ! col\r ( ! pelican's plumage4 ,! my?ological /ories ab\t animals are r difficult to treat1 because !y are s mu* mix$ up ) ! topic ( totemism4 ,"h we only exam9e my?s :i* acc\nt by means ( a leg5d = c]ta9 peculi>ities 9 ! habits1 cries1 or col\rs & %apes ( animals4 ,! ,ojibbeways told ,kohl !y _h a /ory = e creature1 acc\nt+ = its ways & appe>ance4 ,among ! ,greeks1 z among ,au/ralians & ,bu%m51 we f9d t ne>ly e notable bird or bea/ _h its tradition4 ,! night+ale & ! swall[ h a /ory ( ! mo/ savage description1 a /ory report$ by ,apollodorus1 ?\gh ,hom]7#a7 ref]s to ano!r1 &1 z usual1 to a g5tl] & m ref9$ =m ( ! my?4 ,"h is ! v]sion ( ,apollodorus4 ,p&ion 7an e>ly k+ ( ,a!ns7 m>ri$ ,zeuxippe1 8 "m's si/]1 by :om he _h two daught]s1 ,procne & ,philomela1 & two sons1 ,ere*!us & ,butes4 ,a w> broke out ) ,labdas ab\t "s debatable l&1 & ,ere*!us invit$ ! alliance ( ,t]eus ( ,?race1 ! son ( ,ares4 ,hav+ br\ght ! w>1 ) ! aid ( ,t]eus1 to a happy end1 he gave him 8 daught] ,procne to wife4 ,by ,procne1 ,t]eus _h a son1 ,itys1 & !reaft] fell 9 love ) ,philomela1 :om he s$uc$1 pret5d+ t ,procne 0 dead1 :]eas he _h really conceal$ h] some:]e 9 8 l&s4 ,!reon he m>ri$ ,philomela1 & cut out h] tongue4 ,b %e wove into a robe *>act]s t told ! :ole /ory1 & by means ( ^! acqua9t$ ,procne ) h] suff]+s4 ,!reon ,procne f\nd h] si/]1 & slew ,itys1 h] own son1 ^: body %e cook$1 & s]v$ up to ,t]eus 9 a banquet4 ,!reaft] ,procne & h] si/] fl$ toge!r1 & ,t]eus seiz$ an axe & foll[$ aft] !m4 ,!y 7 ov]tak5 at ,daulia 9 ,phocis1 & pray$ to ! gods t !y might be turn$ into birds4 ,s ,procne became ! night+ale1 & ,philomela ! swall[1 :ile ,t]eus 0 *ang$ into a hoopoe47#b7 ,pausanias has a diff]5t leg5d2 ,procne & ,philomela di$ ( excessive grief4 7#a7 ,odyssey1 xix4 #ebc4 7#b7 ,a ,r$ ,indian night+ale-my? is allud$ to by ,j4 ,g4 ,mull]1 ,am]ik4 ,urrel41 p4 #age4 ,"s "o 0 turn$ into a night+ale by ! sun1 & /ill wails = a lo/ lov]4 ,^! anci5t m5 & wom5 metamorphos$ into birds 7 ,,hon\r$ ,,z ,,ance/ors by ! ,a!nians47#a7 ,?us ! unceas+ musical wail ( ! night+ale & ! %rill cry ( ! swall[ 7 expla9$ by a ,greek /ory4 ,! birds 7 lam5t+ _! old human sorr[1 z ! honey-bird 9 ,africa /ill repeats ! "n ( h] lo/ son4 7#a7 ,pausanias1 i4 v4 ,pausanias ?9ks su* ?+s no long] occur4 ,:y does ! r$-rob9 live ne> ! dwell+s ( m51 a bold & fri5dly bird8 ,! ,*ippeway ,indians say he 0 once a "y brave ^: fa!r set him a task too cruel = 8 /r5g?1 & made him />ve too long :5 he rea*$ man's e/ate4 ,he turn$ into a rob91 & said to 8 fa!r1 ,i %all always be ! fri5d ( man1 & keep ne> _! dwell+s4 ,i c\ld n gratify y\r pride z a w>rior1 b ,i w *e] y by my songs47#a7 ,! conv]se ( ?is leg5d is ! ,greek my? ( ! hawk4 ,:y is ! hawk s hat$ by birds8 ,hi]ax 0 a b5evol5t p]son :o succ\r$ a race hat$ by ,poseidon4 ,! god !re=e *ang$ him into a hawk1 & made him z mu* dete/$ by birds1 & z fatal to !m1 z he _h be5 belov$ by & g5tle to m547#b7 ,! ,h]vey ,isl&]s expla9 ! peculi>ities ( sev]al fi%es by ! %>e !y took 9 ! adv5tures ( ,ina1 :o /amp$1 = example1 on ! sole1 & s flatt5$ him = ev]47#c7 ,9 ,greece ! dolph9s 71 accord+ to ! ,hom]ic hymn to ,dionysus1 metamorphos$ pirates :o _h insult$ ! god4 ,b because ! dolph9 f\nd ! hidd5 sea-goddess :om ,poseidon lov$1 ! dolph91 too1 0 rais$ by ! grateful sea-god to ! />s47#d7 ,! vulture & ! h]on1 accord+ to ,boeo 7said to h be5 a prie/ess 9 ,delphi & ! au?or ( a ,greek treatise on ! traditions ab\t birds71 7 once a man nam$ ,aigupios 7vulture7 & 8 "m1 ,b\lis4 ,!y s9n$ inadv]t5tly1 l ,o$ipus & ,joca/a2 :]e=e ,b\lis1 becom+ aw>e ( ! guilt1 0 ab\t to put out ! eyes ( h] son & slay h]self4 ,!n !y 7 *ang$1 ,b\lis into ! h]on1 :i* te>s out & fe$s on ! eyes ( snakes1 birds & fi%es1 & ,aigupios into ! vulture :i* be>s 8 "n4 ,?is /ory1 ( :i* ! m repulsive details are suppress$1 is mu* less pleas+ & m savage ?an ! ,h]vey ,isl&]s' my? ( ! orig9 ( pigs4 ,ma>u 0 an old bl9d man :o liv$ ) 8 son ,kationgia4 ,!re came a ye> ( fam9e1 & ,kationgia _h great difficulty 9 f9d+ food = himself & 8 fa!r4 ,he gave ! bl9d old man pudd+s ( banana roots & fi%es1 :ile he liv$ himself on sea-slugs & %ellfi%1 l ! p ( ,t]ra del ,fuego4 ,b bl9d old ,ma>u suspect$ 8 son ( giv+ him ! wor/ %>e & keep+ :at 0 be/ = himself4 ,at la/ he discov]$ t ,kationgia 0 really be+ />v$2 he felt 8 body1 & f\nd t he 0 a m]e liv+ skeleton4 ,! two wept toge!r1 & ! fa!r made a fea/ ( "s cocoa-nuts & bread-fruit1 :i* he _h res]v$ aga9/ ! la/ extremity4 ,:5 all 0 f9i%$1 he said he _h eat5 8 la/ meal & 0 ab\t to die4 ,he ord]$ 8 son to cov] him ) leaves & grass1 & return to ! spot 9 f\r days4 ,if worms 7 crawl+ ab\t1 he 0 to ?r[ leaves & grass ov] !m & come back f\r days lat]4 ,kationgia did z he 0 in/ruct$1 &1 on 8 second visit to ! grave1 f\nd ! :ole mass ( leaves 9 commotion4 ,a brood ( pigs1 black1 :ite & speckl$1 _h sprung up f ! soil2 fam9e 0 a ?+ ( ! pa/1 & ,kationgia became a great *ief 9 ! isl&47#e7 7#a7 ,s*oolcraft1 ii4 #bbi1 #bcj4 7#a7 ,boeo1 quot$ by ,anton9us ,lib]alis4 7#c7 ,gill1 ,s\? ,sea ,my?s1 pp4 #hh-ie4 7#d7 ,artemidorus 9 8 ,love ,elegies1 quot$ by ! ,pseud-,erato/h5es4 7#e7 ,gill1 ,my?s & ,songs f ,s\? ,pacific1 pp4 #ace-ach4 ,! owl 0 a bak]'s daught] is ! fragm5t ( ,*ri/ian my?ology pres]v$ by ,ophelia4 ,! bak]'s daught] behav$ rudely to our ,"l1 & 0 *ang$ into ! bird t looks n on ! sun4 ,! ,greeks _h a simil> leg5d ( fem99e impiety by :i* !y my?ically expla9$ ! orig9 ( ! owl1 ! bat & ! eagle-owl4 ,m9yas ( ,or*om5os _h ?ree daught]s1 ,leucippe1 ,arsippe & ,alca?oe1 mo/ indu/ri\s wom51 :o decl9$ to jo9 ! wild my/]ies ( ,dionysus4 ,! god took ! %ape ( a maid51 & tri$ to w9 !m to 8 wor%ip4 ,!y refus$1 & he assum$ ! =m ( a bull1 a lion1 & a leop>d z easily z ! *iefs ( ! ,abipones become tig]s1 or z ! *iefs among ! ,african ,b>otse & ,balonda metamorphose !mselves into lions & alligators47#a7 ,! daught]s ( ,m9yas1 9 al>m1 drew lots to det]m9e :i* ( !m %\ld sacrifice a victim to ! god4 ,leucippe drew ! lot & (f]$ up h] own son4 ,!y !n ru%$ to jo9 ! sacr$ rites ( ,dionysus1 :5 ,h]mes trans=m$ !m into ! bat1 ! owl & ! eagle-owl1 & ^! ?ree hide f ! light ( ! sun47#b7 7#a7 ,liv+/one1 ,mission>y ,travels1 pp4 #fae1 #fdb4 7#b7 ,nic&]1 quot$ by ,anton9us ,lib]alis4 ,a few examples ( ,bu%man & ,au/ralian my?s explanatory ( ! col\rs & habits ( animals w probably suffice to e/abli% ! resemblance betwe5 savage & ,hell5ic leg5ds ( ?is "*4 ,! ,bu%man my? ab\t ! orig9 ( ! el& 7a l>ge antelope7 is n pr9t$ 9 full by ,dr4 ,bleek1 b he obs]ves t x gives an acc\nt ( ! reasons = ! col\rs ( ! gemsbok1 h>tebee/1 el&1 quagga & spr+bok47#a7 ,speculative ,bu%m5 seem to h be5 puzzl$ to acc\nt = ! wildness ( ! el&4 ,x w\ld be mu* m conv5i5t if ! el& 7 tame & c\ld be easily captur$4 ,!y expla9 its wildness by say+ t ! el& 0 spoil$ be=e ,cagn1 ! creator1 or r mak] ( mo/ ?+s1 _h q f9i%$ x4 ,cagn's relations came & hunt$ ! fir/ el& too soon1 aft] :i* all o!r el&s grew wild4 ,cagn !n said1 ,g & hunt !m & try to kill "o2 t is n[ y\r "w1 = x 0 y :o spoilt !m47#b7 ,! ,bu%m5 h ano!r my? explanatory ( ! :ite pat*es on ! brea/s ( cr[s 9 _! c\ntry4 ,"s m5 t>ri$ long at _! hunt+1 & _! wives s5t out cr[s 9 se>* ( _! husb&s4 ,r\nd ea* cr['s neck 0 hung a piece ( fat to s]ve z food on ! j\rney4 ,h5ce ! cr[s h :ite pat*es on brea/ & neck4 7#a7 ,brief ,acc\nt ( ,bu%m5 ,folk-,lore1 p4 #g4 7#b7 ,cape ,mon?ly ,magaz9e1 ,july1 #ahgd4 ,9 ,au/ralia ! orig9s ( ne>ly all animals appe> to be expla9$ 9 my?s1 ( :i* a fair collection is pr9t$ 9 ,mr4 ,br\gh ,sym?'s ,aborig9es ( ,victoria47#a7 ,/ill bett] examples occur 9 ,mrs4 ,langloh ,p>k]'s ,au/ralian ,leg5ds4 ,:y is ! crane s ?98 ,once he 0 a man nam$ ,k>-we51 ! second man fa%ion$ out ( clay by ,pund-jel1 a s+ul> creative be+1 ^: *equ]$ c>e] is trac$ else:]e 9 our *apt] on ,savage ,my?s ( ! ,orig9 ( ! ,_w & ( ,man4 ,k>-we5 & ,pund-jel _h a qu>rel ab\t ! wives ( ! =m]1 :om ,pund-jel 0 incl9$ to admire4 ,! crafty ,k>-we5 gave a dance 7jug>giull1 corobboree71 at :i* ! creator ,pund-jel 0 disport+ himself gaily 7l ! ,great ,panj&rum71 :5 ,k>-we5 p9n$ him ) a spe>4 ,pund-jel ?rew ano!r :i* took ,k>-we5 9 ! knee-jo9t1 s t he c\ld n walk1 b soon p9$ away & became a m]e skeleton4 ,!reupon ,pund-jel made ,k>-we5 a crane1 & t is :y ! crane has su* att5uat$ legs4 ,! ,kortume1 ,munk>i & ,wa+ilhe1 n[ birds1 7 once m54 ,! two latt] behav$ unk9dly to _! fri5d ,kortume1 :o %ot !m out ( 8 hut 9 a /orm ( ra91 s++ at ! same "t an incantation4 ,! ?ree !n turn$ into birds1 & :5 ! ,kortume s+s x is a tok5 t ra9 may be expect$4 7#a7 ,vol4 i4 p4 #dbf et seq4 ,let u n[ comp>e ) ^! ,au/ralian my?s ( ! orig9 ( c]ta9 species ( birds ! ,greek /ory ( ! orig9 ( frogs1 z told by ,m5ecrates & ,nic&]47#a7 ,! frogs 7 h]dsm5 metamorphos$ by ,leto1 ! "m ( ,apollo4 ,b1 by way ( %[+ h[ closely ak9 are ! fancies ( ,greeks & ,au/ralian black fell[s1 we %all tell ! leg5d )\t ! prop] names1 :i* gave x a fictiti\s dignity4 7#a7 ,anton9us ,lib]alis1 xxxv4 ,,! ,,orig9 ,,( ,,frogs4 ,a woman bore two *ildr51 & s\ght = a wat]-spr+ :]e9 to ba! !m4 ,%e f\nd a well1 b h]dsm5 drove h] away f x t _! cattle might dr9k4 ,!n "s wolves met h] & l$ h] to a riv]1 ( :i* %e drank1 & 9 its wat]s %e ba!d h] *ildr54 ,!n %e w5t back to ! well :]e ! h]dsm5 7 n[ ba?+1 & %e turn$ !m all into frogs4 ,%e /ruck _! backs & %\ld]s ) a r\gh /one & drove !m into ! wat]s1 & ev] s9ce t day frogs live 9 m>%es & beside riv]s4 ,a volume might be fill$ ) su* examples ( ! k9dr$ fancies ( ,greeks & savages4 ,en\gh has probably be5 said to illu/rate our po9t1 :i* is t ,greek my?s ( ?is "* 7 inh]it$ f ! p]iod ( savag]y1 :5 ideas ( metamorphosis & ( ! k9%ip ( m5 & bea/s 7 real practical beliefs4 ,ev5ts conceiv$ to be common 9 real life 7 introduc$ into my?s1 & ^! my?s 7 savage sci5ce1 & 7 int5d$ to acc\nt = ! ,orig9 ( ,species4 ,b :5 once ?is tra9 ( imag9ation has be5 fir$1 x burns on bo? 9 lit]ature & 9 ! leg5ds ( ! peasantry4 ,e "o :o writes a ,*ri/mas tale = *ildr5 n[ employs ! ma*9]y ( metamorphosis1 & 9 ,european folk-lore1 z ,font5elle rem>k$1 /ories p]si/ :i* are precisely simil> 9 k9d to ! m9or my?s ( savages4 ,reason+ 9 ?is wise1 ! ,mundas ( ,b5gal ?us acc\nt = peculi>ities ( c]ta9 animals4 ,s+ ,bonga1 ! *ief god1 ca/ c]ta9 p out ( heav52 !y fell to e>?1 f\nd iron ore1 & began smelt+ x4 ,! black smoke displeas$ ,s+ ,bonga1 :o s5t two k+ cr[s & an owl to bid p cease to pollute ! atmosph]e4 ,b ! iron smelt]s spoil$ ^! birds' tails1 & black5$ ! previ\sly :ite cr[1 scor*$ its beak r$1 & flatt5$ its head4 ,s+ ,bonga burn$ man1 & turn$ woman into hills & wat]sp\ts47#a7 7#a7 ,dalton1 pp4 #ahf1 #ahg4 ,examples ( ?is class ( my? 9 ,indo-,aryan lit]ature are n h>d to f9d4 ,:y is dawn r$8 ,:y are donkeys sl[8 ,:y h mules no "y ones8 ,mules h no foals because !y 7 sev]ely burn$ :5 ,agni 7fire7 drove !m 9 a *>iot race4 ,dawn is r$1 n because 7z 9 ,au/ralia7 %e we>s a r$ kang>oo cloak1 b because %e compet$ 9 ?is race ) r$ c[s = h] c\rs]s4 ,donkeys are sl[ because !y nev] recov]$ f _! ex]tions 9 ! same race1 :5 ! ,asv9s call$ on _! asses & l&$ !mselves ! w9n]s47#a7 ,& c[s are accommodat$ ) horns = a reason no less probable & satisfactory47#b7 7#a7 ,ait>eya ,brahmana1 ii4 #bgb1 iv4 #i4 7#b7 iv4 #ag4 ,?\gh 9 ! leg5ds ( ! less develop$ peoples m5 & wom5 are m frequ5tly metamorphos$ into birds & bea/s ?an into /ones & plants1 yet su* *anges ( =m are by no means unkn[n4 ,to ! nor?-ea/ ( ,we/]n ,po9t !re lies a range ( hills1 inhabit$1 accord+ to ! natives ( ,victoria1 by a creature ^: body is made ( /one1 & weapons make no w\nd 9 s /urdy a con/itution4 ,! blacks refuse to visit ! range haunt$ by ! my?ic /one bea/4 ,"s black fell[s 7 once camp$ at ! lakes ne> ,%av+ ,po9t4 ,!y 7 cook+ _! fi% :5 a native dog came up4 ,!y did n give him any?+ to eat4 ,he became cross & said1 ',y black fell[s h lots ( fi%1 b y give me none'4 ,s he *ang$ !m all into a big rock4 ,?is is q true1 = ! big rock is !re to ?is day1 & ,i h se5 x ) my own eyes47#a7 ,ano!r native1 ,toolab>1 says t ! wom5 ( ! fi%+ p>ty cri$ out yacka torn1 v good4 ,a dog repli$ yacka torn1 & !y 7 all *ang$ into rocks4 ,?is v man1 ,toolab>1 once he>d a dog beg9 to talk1 :]eupon he & 8 fa!r fl$4 ,_h !y wait$ !y w\ld h become /ones4 ,we %\ld h be5 l x1 wallung1 t is1 /ones4 7#a7 ,native n>rator1 ap4 ,br\gh ,smy?1 i4 #dgi4 ,among ! ,nor? ,am]ican ,indians any /one :i* has a resemblance to ! human or animal figure is expla9$ z an example ( metamorphosis4 ,?ree /ones among ! ,aric>as 7 a girl1 h] lov] & h] dog1 :o fl$ f home because ! c\rse ( true love did n run smoo?1 & :o 7 petrifi$4 ,c]ta9 /ones ne> ,*9ook ,po9t 7 sea-giants :o swall[$ a man4 ,8 bro!r1 by aid ( fire1 dri$ up ! bay & releas$ ! man1 /ill alive1 f ! body ( ! giant4 ,!n ! giants 7 turn$ into rocks47#a7 ,! ris+ sun 9 ,popol ,vuh 7if ! evid5ce ( ,popol ,vuh1 ! ,qui*ua sacr$ book1 is to be accept$7 *ang$ into /one ! lion1 s]p5t & tig] gods4 ,! ,/&+ ,rock on ! ,upp] ,miss\ri is ador$ by ! ,indians1 & decorat$ ) col\r$ ribbons & sk9s ( animals4 ,?is /one 0 a woman1 :o1 l ,niobe1 became lit]ally petrifi$ ) grief :5 h] husb& took a second wife4 ,ano!r /one-woman 9 a cave on ! banks ( ! ,kickapoo 0 wont to kill p :o came ne> h]1 & is ev5 n[ approa*$ ) great respect4 ,! ,oneidas & ,dacotahs claim desc5t f /ones to :i* !y ascribe animation47#b7 ,montes9os speaks ( a sacr$ /one :i* 0 remov$ f a m\nta9 by "o ( ! ,incas4 ,a p>rot flew out ( x & lodg$ 9 ano!r /one1 :i* ! natives /ill wor%ip47#c7 ,! ,breton my? ab\t "o ( ! great /one circles 7! /ones 7 peasants :o danc$ on a ,sunday7 is a well-kn[n example ( ?is k9d ( my? surviv+ 9 folk-lore4 ,!re is a k9d ( /one ,actaeon7#d7 ne> ,little ,muniton ,creek1 resembl+ ! bu/ ( a man ^: head is decorat$ ) ! horns ( a /ag47#e7 ,a cr[d ( my?s ( metamorphosis into /one w be f\nd among ! ,iroquois leg5ds 9 ,report ( ,bureau ( ,e?nology1 #ahhj-ha4 ,if m5 may become /ones1 on ! o!r h&1 9 ,samoa 7z 9 ! ,greek my? ( ,deucalion71 /ones may become m547#f7 ,gods1 too1 especially :5 ^! gods happ5 to be cuttlefi%1 might be petrifi$4 ,!y 7 *as$ 9 ,samoa by an ,upolu h]o1 :o caught !m 9 a great net & kill$ !m4 ,!y 7 *ang$ into /ones1 & n[ /& up 9 a rocky "p ( ! lagoon on ! nor? side ( ,upolu47#g7 ,mauke1 ! fir/ man1 came out ( a /one4 ,9 %ort17#h7 m5 & /ones & bea/s & gods & ?und] h int]*angeable =ms4 ,9 ,mangaia7#i7 ! god ,ra 0 toss$ up into ! sky by ,maui & became pumice-/one4 ,_m samples ( ?is petrifi$ deity are f\nd 9 ,mangaia4 ,9 ,melanesia matt]s are s mix$ t x is n easy to decide :e!r a wor%ipful /one is ! dwell+ ( a dead man's s\l or is ( spiritual m]it 9 itself1 or :e!r ! /one is ! _s's outw>d "p or organ4 ,! ,vui1 or _s1 has mu* ! same relations ) snakes1 owls & %>ks47#aj7 ,qasav>a1 ! my?ical oppon5t ( ,qat1 ! ,melanesian ,prome!us1 fell dead f heav5 7l ,ra 9 ,mangia71 & 0 turn$ into a /one1 on :i* sacrifices are made by ^? :o desire /r5g? 9 fight+4 7#a7 ,see au?orities ap4 ,dorman1 ,primitive ,sup]/itions1 pp4 #acj-ach4 7#b7 ,dorman1 p4 #acc4 7#c7 ,_m examples are collect$ by ,j4 ,g4 ,mull]1 ,am]ikanis*5 ,urreligion51 pp4 #ig1 #aaj1 #abe1 especially :5 ! /ones h a lik5ess to human =m1 p4 #ag;a4 ,im d] ,t w]d5 au* e9ige 9 ,/e9e1 od] 9 ,?i]e & ,pflanz5 v]w&elt4 ,cf4 p4 #bbj4 ,in/ances 7f ,balboa7 ( m5 turn$ into /one by wiz>ds1 p4 #cji4 7#d7 ,prell] ?9ks t ,actaeon1 dev\r$ by 8 h\nds aft] be+ *ang$ into a /ag1 is a symbol ( ! v]nal ye>4 ,palaephatus 7,de ,fab4 ,n>rat47 holds t ! /ory is a moral fable4 7#e7 ,dorman1 p4 #acg4 7#f7 ,turn]'s ,samoa1 p4 #bii4 7#g7 ,samoa1 p4 #ca4 7#h7 ,op4 cit41 p4 #cd4 7#i7 ,gill1 ,my?s & ,songs1 p4 #fj4 7#aj7 ,codr+ton1 ,j\rn4 ,an?rop4 ,in/41 ,febru>y1 #ahha4 ,)\t delay+ long] among savage my?s ( metamorphosis into /ones1 x may be briefly %[n t ! ,greeks reta9$ ?is ) all ! o!r vag>ies ( e>ly fancy4 ,e "o rememb]s ! use :i* ,p]seus made ( ! ,gorgon's head1 & ! /ones on ! coa/ ( ,s]iphus1 :i*1 l ! /ones ne> ,we/]n ,po9t 9 ,victoria1 _h once be5 m51 ! enemies ( ! h]o4 ,also he slew ! ,gorgon1 s+s ,p9d>1 & b>e home h] head1 ) s]p5t tresses deck$1 to ! isl& folk a /ony dea?4 ,obs]ve ,p9d>'s explanatory rem>k3 ,i we5 !re is no m>vel impossible if gods h wr\ght !reto4 ,9 ! same pi\s _s a ,turk 9 an isle ( ! ,levant once told ,mr4 ,newton a /ory ( h[ a man hunt$ a /ag1 & ! /ag spoke to him4 ,! /ag spoke8 said ,mr4 ,newton4 ,yes1 by ,allah's w1 repli$ ! ,turk4 ,l ,p9d>1 he 0 repeat+ an incid5t q natural to ! m9ds ( ,au/ralians1 or ,bu%m51 or ,samoans1 or ,r$ ,m51 b1 l ! religi\s ,p9d>1 he felt t ! affair 0 r m>vell\s1 & acc\nt$ = x by ! ex]cise ( omnipot5t p[]47#a7 ,! ,greek example ( ,niobe & h] *ildr5 may be/ be quot$ 9 ,mr4 ,bridges' translation f ! ,iliad3-- ,& some:]e n[1 among lone m\nta9 rocks ,on ,sipylus1 :]e c\* ! nymphs at night ,:o dance all day by ,a*el\s' /ream1 ,! once pr\d "m lies1 h]self a rook1 ,& 9 cold brea/ broods o'er ! goddess' wrong4 --,prome!us ! fire-br+]47#b7 ,9 ! ,iliad x is add$ t ,cronion made ! p into /ones4 ,! attitude ( ! lat] ,greek m9d t[>ds ^! my?s may be obs]v$ 9 a fragm5t ( ,philemon1 ! comic poet4 ,nev]1 by ! gods1 h ,i believ$1 nor w believe1 t ,niobe ! /one 0 once a woman4 ,nay1 by reason ( h] calamities %e became spee*less1 & s1 f h] sil5ce1 0 call$ a /one47#c7 7#a7 ,p9d>1 ,py?4 x41 ,my]s's translation4 7#b7 xxiv4 #faa4 7#c7 ,! ,s*olia/ on ,iliad1 xxiv4 #f1 #g4 ,!re is ano!r fam\s petrification 9 ! ,iliad4 ,:5 ! prodigy ( ! snake & ! sp>r[s _h appe>$ to ! assembl$ ,a*aeans at ,aulis1 ,zeus display$ a great m>vel1 & *ang$ into a /one ! s]p5t :i* swall[$ ! "y ( ! sp>r[4 ,*anges into /one1 ?\gh less common ?an *anges into fi%es1 birds & bea/s1 7 ?us obvi\sly n too /range = ! cr$ulity ( ,greek my?ology1 :i* c\ld also believe t a /one became ! "m ( ,agde/is by ,zeus4 ,z to int]*ange ( %ape betwe5 m5 & wom5 & ,,plants1 our in=mation1 s f> z ! l[] races are conc]n$1 is less copi\s4 ,x has already be5 %[n t ! totems ( _m /ocks 9 all p>ts ( ! _w are plants1 & ?is belief 9 connection ) a plant by itself demon/rates t ! confus$ belief 9 all ?+s be+ on "o level has ?us introduc$ vegetables into ! dom9ion ( my?4 ,z f> z possess+ s\ls is conc]n$1 ,mr4 ,tylor has prov$ t plants are z well equipp$ z m5 or bea/s or m9]als47#a7 ,9 ,india ! doctr9e ( transmigration widely & cle>ly recognises ! idea ( trees or small] plants be+ animat$ by human s\ls4 ,9 ! well-kn[n anci5t ,egyptian /ory ( ,! ,two ,bro!rs17#b7 ! life ( ! y\ng] is practically m]g$ 9 t ( ! acacia tree :]e he has hidd5 8 he>t2 & :5 he becomes a bull & is sacrific$1 8 spiritual "p passes into a pair ( ,p]sea trees4 ,! ,y>uc>is ( ,bolivia say t a girl once bewail$ 9 ! =e/ h] lov]less e/ate4 ,%e happ5$ to notice a beautiful tree1 :i* %e adorn$ ) ornam5ts z well z %e might4 ,! tree assum$ ! %ape ( a h&some "y man-- ,%e did n f9d him s remiss1 ,b1 lightly issu+ ?r\gh1 ,he did repay h] kiss = kiss1 ,) usury !reto47#c7 ,j4 ,g4 ,mull]1 :o quotes ?is tale f ,&ree1 says x has _m analogies ) ! tales ( metamorphosis ( human be+s into trees among ! anci5ts1 z report$ by ,ovid4 ,! wor%ip ( plants & trees is a well-kn[n feature 9 religion1 & probably implies 7at lea/ 9 _m cases7 a recognition ( p]sonality4 ,9 ,samoa1 metamorphosis into vegetables is n uncommon4 ,= example1 ! k+ ( ,fiji 0 a cannibal1 & 7v naturally7 ! p 7 melt+ away "u him4 ,! bro!rs ,toa & ,pale1 wi%+ to escape ! royal ov51 adopt$ v>i\s *anges ( %ape4 ,!y knew t /raight timb] 0 be+ s\ght = to make a canoe = ! k+1 s ,pale1 :5 he assum$ a vegetable =m1 became a crook$ /ick ov]gr[n ) creep]s1 b ,toa pref]r$ /&+ erect z a h&some /raight tree4 ,poor ,toa 0 !re=e cut d[n by ! k+'s %ipwrights1 ?\gh1 ?anks to 8 bro!r's magic wiles1 !y did n make a canoe out ( him aft] all47#d7 ,9 ,samoa ! trees are s f> human t !y n only g to w> ) ea* o!r1 b actually emb>k 9 canoes to seek out di/ant enemies47#e7 ,! ,ottawa ,indians acc\nt = ! orig9 ( maize by a my? 9 :i* a wiz>d f\ght ) & conqu]$ a little man :o _h a little cr[n ( fea!rs4 ,f 8 a%es arose ! maize ) its cr[n ( leaves & heavy e>s ( corn47#f7 7#a7 ,primitive ,culture1 i4 #ade2 examples ( ,society ,isl&]s1 ,dyaks1 ,k>5s1 ,buddhi/s4 7#b7 ,masp]o1 ,contes ,egypti5s1 p4 #be4 7#c7 ,j4 ,g4 ,mull]1 ,am]ik4 ,urrel41 p4 #bfd4 7#d7 ,turn]'s ,samoa1 p4 #bai4 7#e7 ,ibid44 p4 #bac4 7#f7 ,am]ik4 ,urrel41 p4 #fj4 ,9 ,mangaia ! my? ( ! orig9 ( ! cocoa-nut tree is a s]ies ( trans=mation sc5es1 9 :i* ! p]sons %ift %apes ) ! alacrity ( m$ic9e-m54 ,ina us$ to ba! 9 a pool :]e an eel became q famili> ) h]4 ,at la/ ! fi% took c\rage & made 8 decl>ation4 ,he 0 ,tuna1 ! *ief ( all eels4 ,be m9e1 he cri$1 & ,ina 0 84 ,= "s my/ical reason he 0 oblig$ to leave h]1 b 7l ! ,:ite ,cat 9 ! fairy tale7 he reque/$ h] to cut (f 8 eel's head & bury x4 ,regretfully b firmly did ,ina comply ) 8 reque/1 & f ! buri$ eel's head sprang two cocoa trees1 "o f ea* half ( ! bra9 ( ,tuna4 ,z a pro( ( ?is be x rem>k$1 t :5 ! nut is husk$ we always f9d on x ! two eyes & m\? ( ! lov] ( ,ina47#a7 ,all ov] ! _w1 f anci5t ,egypt to ! wigwams ( ! ,algonk9s1 plants & o!r matt]s are said to h sprung f a dismemb]$ god or h]o1 :ile m5 are said to h sprung f plants47#b7 ,we may !re=e p]haps look on x z a prov$ po9t t ! g5]al savage habit ( levell+ up prevails ev5 9 _! view ( ! vegetable _w1 & has left traces 7z we h se57 9 _! my?s4 7#a7 ,gill1 ,my?s & ,songs1 p4 #gi4 7#b7 ,my?s ( ! ,beg9n+ ( ,?+s4 ,turn+ n[ to ! my?ology ( ,greece1 we see t ! same rule holds good4 ,metamorphosis into plants & fl[]s is extremely common2 ! in/ances ( ,daphne1 ,myrrha1 ,hyac9?1 ,n>cissus & ! si/]s ( ,phae?on at once occur to ! memory4 ,mo/ ( ^? my?s 9 :i* ev]y?+ 9 ,nature becomes p]sonal & human1 :ile all p]sons may become any?+ 9 ,nature1 we expla91 !n1 z survivals or imitations ( tales conceiv$ :5 m5 7 9 ! savage intellectual condition4 ,9 t /age1 z we demon/rat$1 no l9e is drawn betwe5 ?+s animate & inanimate1 dumb or articulate speak+1 organic or inorganic1 p]sonal or imp]sonal4 ,su* a m5tal /age1 aga91 is reflect$ 9 ! nature-my?s1 _m ( :i* are m]ely aetiological1--assign a cause1 t is1 = ph5om5a1 & satisfy an indol5t & cr$ul\s curiosity4 ,we may be ask$ aga91 ,b h[ did ?is intellectual condition come to exi/8 ,to answ] t is no "p ( our bus9ess2 = u x is en\gh to trace my?1 or a c]ta9 elem5t 9 my?1 to a demon/rable & actual /age ( ?\ght4 ,b ?is /age1 :i* is con/antly f\nd to survive 9 ! m9ds ( *ildr51 is ?us expla9$ or describ$ by ,hume 9 8 ,essay on ,natural ,religion3 ,!re is an univ]sal t5d5cy 9 mank9d to conceive all be+s l !mselves1 & to transf] to e object ^? qualities444 ( :i* !y are intimately consci\s47#a7 ,n[ !y believe !mselves to be consci\s ( magical & sup]natural p[]s1 :i* !y d n1 ( c\rse1 possess4 ,^! p[]s ( effect+ metamorphosis1 ( %ape-%ift+1 ( fly+1 ( becom+ invisible at w1 ( conv]s+ ) ! dead1 ( miracul\sly heal+ ! sick1 savages pass on to _! gods 7z w be %[n 9 a lat] *apt]71 & ! gods ( my? survive & reta9 ! miracul\s gifts aft] _! wor%ipp]s 7become m reasonable7 h q =gott5 t !y !mselves once claim$ simil> end[m5ts4 ,s f>1 !n1 x has be5 %[n t savage fancy1 :]ev] /udi$1 is wild2 t savage curiosity is ke52 t savage cr$ulity is practically b\ndless4 ,^! consid]ations expla9 ! exi/5ce ( savage my?s ( sun1 />s1 bea/s1 plants & /ones2 simil> my?s fill ,greek leg5d & ! ,sanskrit ,brahmanes4 ,we conclude t1 9 ,greek & ,sanskrit1 ! my?s are relics 7:e!r borr[$ or inh]it$7 ( ! savage m5tal ,,/atus4 7#a7 ,see ,app5dix ,b4 ,,*apt] ,,vi4 ,,non-,,aryan ,,my?s ,,( ,,! ,,orig9 ,,( ,,! ,,_w ,,& ,,( ,,man4 ,confusions ( my?--,v>i\s orig9s ( man & ( ?+s--,my?s ( ,au/ralia1 ,&aman ,isl&s1 ,bu%m51 ,ovah]]o1 ,namaquas1 ,zulus1 ,hurons1 ,iroquois1 ,digg]s1 ,navajoes1 ,w9nebagoes1 ,*aldaeans1 ,?l9keets1 ,pacific ,isl&]s1 ,maoris1 ,aztecs1 ,p]uvians--,simil>ity ( ideas p]vad+ all ^? peoples 9 v>i\s conditions ( society & culture4 ,! difficulties ( classification :i* beset ! /udy ( my?ology h already be5 describ$4 ,n[h]e are !y m p]plex+ ?an :5 we try to classify :at may be /yl$ ,cosmogonic ,my?s4 ,! v ^w cosmogonic implies ! pre-exi/5ce ( ! idea ( a cosmos1 an ord]ly univ]se1 & ?is 0 exactly ! la/ idea t c\ld ent] ! m9d ( ! my?-mak]s4 ,!re is no su* ?+ z ord]l9ess 9 _! my?ical conceptions1 & no su* ?+ z an univ]se4 ,! natural "q1 ,:o made ! _w1 or h[ did ! ?+s 9 ! _w come to be8 is ! "q :i* is answ]$ by cosmogonic my?s4 ,b x is answ]$ piecemeal4 ,to a ,*ri/ian *ild ! reply is giv51 ,god made all ?+s4 ,we h kn[n ?is reply discuss$ by "s little girls ( six 7a ,scot* m9i/]'s daught]s1 & naturally metaphysical71 "o ( :om solv$ all difficulties by ! impromptu my?1 ,god fir/ made a little place to /& on1 & !n he made ! re/4 ,b savages & ! my?-mak]s1 ^: /ories survive into ! civilis$ religions1 c\ld adh]e firmly to no su* acc\nt z ?is4 ,"h occurs 9 ! fir/ edition ( ?is book ! foll[+ passage3 ,!y 7savages7 h n1 & _h n1 ! conception ( ,god z we und]/& :at we mean by ! ^w4 ,!y h1 & _h at mo/1 only ! small-*ange ( ! idea ,god1--"h ! belief 9 a moral be+ :o wat*es conduct2 "h aga9 ! hypo!sis ( a pre-human race ( magnifi$1 non-natural m$ic9e-m51 or ( extra-natural be+s ) human & magical attributes1 b (t5 we>+ ! fur1 & f9s1 & fea!rs ( ! l[] animals4 ,m+l$ ) ^! fai?s 7:e!r e>li]1 lat]1 or coeval 9 orig9 ) ^!7 are ! dread & love ( ance/ral gho/s1 (t5 transmut+ !mselves into wor%ip ( an imag9>y & ideal fir/ p>5t ( ! tribe1 :o once m is (t5 a bea/ or a bird4 ,"h is no?+ l ! notion ( an omnipot5t1 invisible1 spiritual be+1 ! creator ( our religion2 "h is only la monnaie ( ! conception4 ,x ought to h occurr$ to ! au?or t he 0 "h trav]s+ ! ma9 !ory ( 8 own book1 :i* is t ,,religion is "o ?+1 my? q ano!r ?+4 ,t _m l[ races ( savages ent]ta91 9 h\rs ( ,,religi\s ?\ght1 an elevat$ conception ( a moral & undy+ ,mak] ( ,?+s1 & ,ma/] ( ,life1 a ,fa!r 9 ,heav51 has already be5 /at$1 & k ( ! facts has be5 consid]ably increas$ s9ce ?is "w fir/ appe>$ 7#ahhg74 ,b ! ,,my?ical conceptions describ$ 9 ! la/ p>agraph coexi/ ) ! religi\s conception 9 ! fai?s ( v l[ savages1 su* z ! ,au/ralians & ,&amanese1 j z ! same contradictory coexi/5ce is notori\s 9 anci5t ,greece1 ,india1 ,egypt & ,anahuac4 ,9 a s5se1 c]ta9 l[ savages ,,h ! conception ( ,god1 z we und]/& :at we mean by ! ^w4 ,b t s5se1 :5 savages come to sp9n+ fables ab\t orig9s1 is apt to be ov]laid & p]plex$ by ! frivolity ( _! my?ical fancy4 ,) su* %ift+1 grotesque & inadequate fables1 ! cosmogonic my?s ( ! _w are necess>ily bewild]$ & p]plex$4 ,we h already se5 9 ! *apt] on ,nature ,my?s t _m ?+s1 sun1 moon1 ! />s1 t h ano!r bir?1 & v>i\s animals & plants1 are acc\nt$ = on ! hypo!sis t !y are lat] ?an ! appe>ance ( man--t !y orig9ally ,,7 m54 ,to ! ,european m9d x seems natural to rank my?s ( ! gods be=e my?s ( ! mak+ or ! evolution ( ! _w1 because our religion1 l t ( ! m philosophic ,greeks1 makes ! deity ! f\nt ( all exi/5ces1 causa causans1 :at unmov$ moves1 ! beg9n+ & ! end4 ,b ! my?-mak]s1 des]t+ any su* ideas !y may possess1 f9d x necess>y1 l ! *ild ( :om we spoke1 to po/ulate a ,,place = ! div9e en]gy to "w f1 & t place is ! e>? or ! heav5s4 ,!n1 aga91 heav5 & e>? are !mselves (t5 reg>d$ 9 ! usual my?ical way1 z animat$1 z p]sons ) p>ts & passions1 & f9ally1 among advanc+ races1 z gods4 ,into ?is m$ley ( incongru\s & inconsi/5t conceptions we mu/ introduce :at ord] we may1 always rememb]+ t ! ord] is n native to ! subject1 b is br\ght 9 = ! purpose ( /udy4 ,! orig9 ( ! _w & ( man is naturally a problem :i* has excit$ ! curiosity ( ! lea/ develop$ m9ds4 ,e savage race has its own my?s on ?is subject1 mo/ ( !m be>+ ! m>ks ( ! *ildi% & crude imag9ation1 ^: "* we h inve/igat$1 & all v>y+ 9 am\nt ( :at may be call$ philosophical ?\ght4 ,all ! cosmogonic my?s1 z di/9ct f religi\s belief 9 a ,creator1 wav] betwe5 ! !ory ( con/ruction1 or r ( recon/ruction1 & ! !ory ( evolution1 v rudely conceiv$4 ,! e>?1 z a rule1 is my?ically av]r$ to h gr[n out ( "s orig9al matt]1 p]haps an animal1 p]haps an egg :i* float$ on ! wat]s1 p]haps a h&ful ( mud f bel[ ! wat]s4 ,b ?is conception does n exclude ! idea t _m ( ! ?+s 9 ! _w1 m9]als1 plants & :at n1 are fragm5ts ( ! frame ( a semi-sup]natural & gigantic be+1 human or be/ial1 belong+ to a race :i* prec$$ ! adv5t ( man47#a7 ,su* 7 ! ,titans1 demi-gods1 ,nurrumbunguttias 9 ,au/ralia4 ,v>i\s memb]s ( ?is race are f\nd active 9 my?s ( ! creation1 or r ! con/ruction1 ( man & ( ! _w4 ,among ! l[e/ races x is to be not$ t my?ical animals ( sup]natural p[] (t5 take ! place ( be+s l ! ,f9ni% ,wa9amo951 ! ,greek ,prome!us1 ! ,zulu ,unkulunkulu1 ! ,r$ ,indian ,manabozho1 himself usually a great h>e4 7#a7 ,macrobius1 ,saturnal41 i4 xx4 ,! ages be=e ! developm5t or creation ( man are fill$ up1 9 ! my?s1 ) ! loves & w>s ( sup]natural p4 ,! appe>ance ( man is expla9$ 9 ?ree or f\r contradictory ways1 ea* ( :i* is repres5t$ 9 ! v>i\s my?s ( mo/ my?ologies4 ,(t5 man is fa%ion$ out ( clay1 or /one1 or o!r mat]ials1 by a ,mak] ( all ?+s1 sometimes half-human or be/ial1 b also half-div9e4 ,sometimes ! fir/ man rises out ( ! e>?1 & is himself confus$ ) ! ,creator1 a !ory p]haps illu/rat$ by ! ,zulu my? ( ,unkulunkulu1 ,! ,old1 ,old ,"o4 ,sometimes man arrives ready made1 ) mo/ ( ! animals1 f 8 =m] home 9 a hole 9 ! gr\nd1 & he furni%es ! _w = himself ) />s1 sun1 moon & ev]y?+ else he ne$s4 ,aga91 !re are _m my?s :i* decl>e t man 0 evolv$ out ( "o or o!r ( ! l[] animals4 ,?is my? is usually employ$ by tribesm5 to expla9 ! orig9 ( _! own peculi> /ock ( k9dr$4 ,once m1 man is tak5 to be ! fruit ( "s tree or plant1 or n to h em]g$ ready-made1 b to h gr[n out ( ! gr\nd l a plant or a tree4 ,9 "s c\ntries1 z among ! ,be*uanas1 ! ,boeotians1 & ! ,p]uvians1 ! spot :]e m5 fir/ came out on e>? is kn[n to be "s neighb\r+ m>% or cave4 ,la/ly1 man is occasionally repres5t$ z hav+ be5 fram$ out ( a piece ( ! body ( ! ,creator1 or made by "s demiurgic pott] out ( clay4 ,all ^! leg5ds are told by savages1 ) no s5se ( _! inconsi/5cy4 ,!re is no s+le or?odoxy on ! matt]1 & we %all see t all ^! !ories coexi/ pell-mell among ! my?ological traditions ( civilis$ races4 ,9 almo/ e my?ology1 too1 ! :ole !ory ( ! orig9 ( man is cross$ by ! tradition ( a ,deluge1 or "s o!r great de/ruction1 foll[$ by revival or recon/ruction ( ! species1 a tale by no means necess>ily ( ,biblical orig94 ,9 exam9+ savage my?s ( ! orig9 ( man & ( ! _w1 we %all beg9 by consid]+ ^? curr5t among ! mo/ backw>d peoples1 :]e no h]$it>y or end[$ prie/hood has elaborat$ & improv$ ! popul> beliefs4 ,! natives ( ,au/ralia furni% u ) my?s ( a purely popul> type1 ! prop]ty1 n ( pr(essional prie/s & poets1 b ( all ! old m5 & full-gr[n w>riors ( ! c\ntry4 ,"h1 z ev]y:]e else1 ! /ud5t mu/ be on 8 gu>d aga9/ accept+ my?s :i* are disguis$ =ms ( mission>y tea*+47#a7 7#a7 ,tapl91 ,! ,n>r9y]i4 ,he mu/ also bew>e ( suppos+ t ! ,au/ralians believe 9 a creator 9 our s5se1 because ! ,n>r9y]i1 = example1 say t ,nurund]e 'made ev]y?+'4 ,nurund]e is b an idealis$ wiz>d & hunt]1 ) a rival ( 8 species4 ,?is occurs 9 ! fir/ edition1 b mak+ all ?+s is "o idea1 wiz>dry is ano!r4 ,9 ,s\!rn ,au/ralia we le>n t ! ,boonoorong1 an ,au/ralian coa/ tribe1 ascribe ! creation ( ?+s to a be+ nam$ ,bun-jel or ,pund-jel4 ,he figures z ! *ief ( an e>li] sup]natural class ( exi/5ce1 ) human relation%ips2 ?us he has a wife1 ,,^: ,,face ,,he ,,has ,,nev] ,,se51 bro!rs1 a son1 & s on4 ,n[ ?is "n ,bun-jel means eagle-hawk1 & ! eagle-hawk is a totem among c]ta9 /ocks4 ,?us1 :5 we he> t ,eagle-hawk is ! mak] ( m5 & ?+s we are rem9d$ ( ! ,bu%man creator1 ,cagn1 :o n[ receives pray]s ( consid]able beauty & pa?os1 b :o is 79 "s !ories7 id5tifi$ ) kagg51 ! mantis insect1 a creative gras%opp]1 & ! *ief figure 9 ,bu%man my?ology47#a7 ,bun-jel or ,pund-jel also figures 9 ,au/ralian belief1 nei!r z ! creator nor z ! eagle-hawk1 b z an old man :o lives at ! s\rces ( ! ,y>ra riv]1 :]e he possesses great multitudes ( cattle47#b7 ,! t]m ,bun-jel is also us$1 mu* l our ,mr41 to d5ote ! old] m5 ( ! ,kurnai & ,briakolung1 "s ( :om h magical p[]s4 ,"o ( !m1 ,krawra1 or ,we/ ,w9d1 c cause ! w9d to bl[ s viol5tly z to prev5t ! natives f climb+ trees2 ?is man has semi-div9e attributes4 ,f ^! facts x appe>s t ?is ,au/ralian creator1 9 my?1 p>takes ( ! "* ( ! totem or wor%ipful bea/1 & ( t ( ! wiz>d or m$ic9e-man4 ,he c>ri$ a l>ge knife1 &1 :5 he made ! e>?1 he w5t up & d[n slic+ x into creeks & valleys4 ,! aborig9es ( ! nor!rn p>ts ( ,victoria seem to believe 9 ,pund-jel 9 :at may p]haps be 8 mo/ primitive my?ical %ape1 t ( an eagle47#c7 ,?is eagle & a cr[ creat$ ev]y?+1 & sep>at$ ! ,murray blacks into _! two ma9 divisions1 :i* d]ive _! names f ! cr[ & ! eagle4 ,! ,melb\rne blacks seem to make ,pund-jel m an?ropomorphic4 ,m5 are 8 7,greek text omitt$7 figures knead$ ( clay1 z ,ari/ophanes says 9 ! ,birds4 ,pund-jel made two clay images ( m51 & danc$ r\nd !m4 ,he made _! hair--"o _h /raight1 "o curly hair--( b>k4 ,he danc$ r\nd !m4 ,he lay on !m1 & brea!d 8 brea? into _! m\?s1 noses & navels1 & danc$ r\nd !m4 ,!n !y arose full-gr[n "y m54 ,"s blacks see+ a brickmak] at "w on a bridge ov] ! ,y>ra exclaim$1 ,l 'em t ,pund-jel make 'em ,kool94 ,b o!r blacks pref] to believe t1 z ,p9d> puts ! ,phrygian leg5d1 ! sun saw m5 gr[+ l trees4 7#a7 ,bleek1 ,brief ,acc\nt ( ,bu%man ,my?ology1 p4 #f2 ,cape ,mon?ly ,magaz9e1 ,july1 #ahgd1 pp4 #a-ac2 ,kamil>oi & ,kurnai1 pp4 #baj1 #cbd4 7#b7 ,kamil>oi & ,kurnai1 p4 #baj4 7#c7 ,br\gh ,smy?1 ,natives ( ,victoria1 vol4 i4 p4 #dbc4 ,! fir/ man 0 =m$ out ( ! gum ( a wattle-tree1 & came out ( ! knot ( a wattle-tree4 ,he !n ent]$ into a "y woman 7?\gh he 0 ! fir/ man7 & 0 born47#a7 ,! ,enc\nt] ,bay p h ano!r my?1 :i* might h be5 attribut$ by ,dean ,swift to ! ,yahoos1 s f\l an orig9 does x allot to mank9d4 7#a7 ,mey]1 ,aborig9es ( ,enc\nt] ,bay4 ,see1 lat]1 ,gods ( ! ,l[e/ ,races4 ,au/ralian my?s ( creation are by no means exclusive ( a hypo!sis ( evolution4 ,?us ! ,dieyrie1 ^: notions ,mr4 ,gason has record$1 hold a v mix$ view4 ,!y av] t ! good _s ,moora-,moora made a numb] ( small black liz>ds1 lik$ !m1 & promis$ !m dom9ion4 ,he divid$ _! feet into toes & f+]s1 gave !m noses & lips1 & set !m upright4 ,d[n !y fell1 & ,moora-,moora cut (f _! tails4 ,!n !y walk$ erect & 7 m547#a7 ,! conclusion ( ! adv5tures ( "o ,au/ralian creator is melan*oly4 ,he has ceas$ to dwell among mortals :om he wat*es & inspires4 ,! ,jay possess$ _m bags full ( w9d2 he op5$ !m1 & ,pund-jel 0 c>ri$ up by ! bla/ into ! heav5s4 ,b ?is ev5t did n occur be=e ,pund-jel _h taught m5 & wom5 ! ess5tial arts ( life4 ,he _h %[n ! =m] h[ to spe> kang>oos1 he /ill exi/s & inspires poets4 ,f ! cosmogonic my?s ( ,au/ralia 7! "* ( "s ( :i* is 9 contradiction ) ! high] religi\s belief ( ! p to be lat] describ$7 we may turn1 )\t rea*+ a race ( mu* high] civilisation1 to ! dwell]s 9 ! ,&aman ,isl&s & _! op9ions ab\t ! orig9 ( ?+s4 7#a7 ,gason's ,dieyries1 ap4 ,native ,tribes ( ,s\? ,au/ralia1 p4 #bj4 ,! ,&aman ,isl&s1 9 ! ,bay ( ,b5gal1 are remote f any %ores1 & are protect$ f =eign influ5ces by dang]\s coral reefs1 & by ! reput$ f]ocity & cannibalism ( ! natives4 ,^! are ,negritos1 & are commonly spok5 ( z mo/ abject savages4 ,!y are n1 h[ev]1 )\t di/9ctions ( rank2 !y are clean1 mode/1 moral aft] m>riage1 & mo/ /rict 9 ! obs]vance ( prohibit$ degrees4 ,unlike ! ,au/ralians1 !y use b[s & arr[s1 b are said to be incapable ( /rik+ a light1 &1 at all ev5ts1 f9d ! process s difficult t1 l ! ,au/ralians & ! f>m] 9 ! ,odyssey17#a7 !y are compell$ to ho>d ! se$s ( fire4 ,_! my?ology conta9s explanations ( ! orig9 ( m5 & animals1 & ( _! own cu/oms & language4 7#a7 ,odyssey1 v4 #dij4 ,! ,&amanese1 long spok5 ( z godless1 owe mu* to ,mr4 ,man1 an ,engli% (ficial1 :o has made a mo/ c>eful /udy ( _! beliefs47#a7 ,s extraord9>y is ! contradiction betwe5 ! relative purity & morality ( ! ,,religion & ! savag]y ( ! my?s ( ! ,&amanese1 t1 9 ! fir/ edition ( ?is "w1 ,i insi/$ t ! spiritual god ( ! fai? mu/ h be5 borr[$ f ! same qu>t] z ! /one h\se 9 :i* he is my?ically said to live4 ,b lat] & wid] /udy1 & fre% in=mation f v>i\s qu>t]s1 h conv9c$ me t ! relative purity ( ,&amanese religion1 ) its e?ical sanction ( conduct1 may well be1 & probably is1 a natural unborr[$ developm5t4 ,x is easy = ,,my? to borr[ ! notion ( a /one h\se f our rec5t settlem5t at ,port ,blair4 ,b x w\ld n be easy = ,,religion to borr[ _m new ideas f an ali5 cre$1 9 a v few ye>s1 :ile ! not$ f]ocity ( ! isl&]s t[>ds /rang]s1 & ! inaccessibility ( _! abode1 makes e>li] borr[+1 on a l>ge scale at lea/1 highly improbable4 ,! ,&amanese god1 ,puluga1 is l fire b invisible1 unborn & immortal1 kn[+ & puni%+ or rew>d+1 m5's de$s1 ev5 ! ?\ghts ( _! he>ts4 ,b :5 once my?ical fancy plays r\nd him1 & /ories are told ab\t him1 he is cr$it$ ) a wife :o is an eel or a %rimp1 j z ,zeus made love z an ant or a cuckoo4 ,puluga 0 ! mak] ( m52 no p>ticul> my? z to h[ he made !m is giv54 ,!y tri$ to kill him1 aft] ! deluge 7( :i* a grotesque my? is told71 b he repli$ t he 0 z h>d z wood4 ,8 leg5d is 9 ! usual my?ical contradiction ) ! high] elem5ts 9 8 religion4 7#a7 ,j\rn4 ,an?rop4 ,soc41 vol4 xii4 p4 #aeg et seq4 ,leav+ ! ,&aman isl&]s1 b /ill /udy+ races 9 ! l[e/ degree ( civilisation1 we come to ! ,bu%m5 ( ,s\? ,africa4 ,?is v curi\s & int]e/+ p1 f> inf]ior 9 mat]ial equipm5t to ! ,hott5tots1 is sometimes reg>d$ z a bran* ( t race47#a7 ,! ,hott5tots call !mselves ,khoi-khoi1 ! ,bu%m5 !y /yle ,sa4 ,! poor ,sa lead ! life ( p>iahs1 & are hat$ & *as$ by all o!r natives ( ,s\? ,africa4 ,!y are hunt]s & digg]s = roots1 :ile ! ,hott5tots1 p]haps _! k9sm51 are cattle-bre$]s47#b7 ,be+ s ill-n\ri%$1 ! ,bu%m5 are v small1 b /urdy4 ,!y dwell 91 or r w&] ?r\gh1 c\ntries :i* h be5 t\*$ by "s anci5t civilisation1 z is prov$ by ! my/]i\s m9es & roads ( ,ma%onal&4 ,x is s+ul> t ! ,bu%m5 possess a tradition accord+ to :i* !y c\ld once make /one ?+s t flew ov] riv]s4 ,!y h rem>kable arti/ic p[]s1 & _! draw+s ( m5 & animals on ! walls ( caves are (t5 n inf]ior to ! designs on e>ly ,greek vases47#c7 7#a7 ,see ,div9e ,my?s ( ! ,l[] ,races4 7#b7 ,hahu1 ,tsuni ,goam1 p4 #d4 ,see o!r acc\nts 9 ,waitz1 ,an?ropologie1 ii4 #cbh4 7#c7 ,cu/om & ,my?1 :]e illu/rations ( ,bu%man art are giv51 pp4 #bij-bie4 ,?us we mu/ reg>d ! ,bu%m5 z possibly deg5]at$ f a high] /atus1 ?\gh !re is no?+ 7except p]haps ! tradition ab\t bridge-mak+7 to %[ t x 0 m exalt$ ?an t ( _! m prosp]\s neighb\rs1 ! ,hott5tots4 ,! my?s ( ! ,bu%m51 h[ev]1 are almo/ on ! l[e/ kn[n level4 ,a v good & au!ntic example ( ,bu%man cosmogonic my? 0 giv5 to ,mr4 ,orp51 *ief magi/rate ( ,/4 ,john's t]ritory1 by ,q+1 ,k+ ,nqu%a's huntsman4 ,q+ _h nev] se5 a :ite man1 b 9 fight+1 till he became acqua9t$ ) ,mr4 ,orp547#a7 ,! *ief =ce 9 ,bu%m5 my? is by ,dr4 ,bleek id5tifi$ ) ! mantis1 a sort ( l>ge gras%opp]4 ,?\gh he seems at lea/ z *im]ical a bea/ z ! ,aryan creative bo>1 ! mighty big h>e ( ! ,algonk9s1 ! l>ge spid] :o made ! _w 9 ! op9ion ( ! ,gold ,coa/ p1 or ! eagle ( ! ,au/ralians1 yet ! insect 7if insect he be71 l ! o!rs1 has a*iev$ moral qualities & is address$ 9 pray]4 ,9 8 religi\s aspect he is no?+ less ?an a gras%opp]4 ,he is call$ ,cagn4 ,cagn made all ?+s & we pray to him1 said ,q+4 ,coti is ! wife ( ,cagn4 ,q+ did n "k :]e !y came f2 p]haps ) ! m5 :o br\ght ! sun4 ,! fact is1 ,q+ did n dance t dance1 t is1 0 n "o ( ! ,bu%m5 initiat$ into ! m esot]ic my/]ies ( ,cagn4 ,till we1 too1 are initiat$1 we c "k v little ( ,cagn 9 8 religi\s aspect4 ,among ! ,bu%m51 z among ! ,greeks1 !re is no religi\s my/]y )\t danc+4 ,q+ 0 n v consi/5t4 ,he said ,cagn gave ord]s & caus$ all ?+s to appe> & to be made1 sun1 moon1 />s1 w9d1 m\nta9s1 animals1 & ?is1 ( c\rse1 is a l(ty !ory ( creation4 ,else:]e my? av]s t ,cagn did n s mu* create z manufacture ! objects 9 nature4 ,9 8 e>ly day ! snakes 7 also m54 ,cagn /ruck snakes ) 8 /aff & turn$ !m into m51 z ,zeus1 9 ! ,aeg9etan my?1 did ) ants4 ,he also turn$ (f5d+ m5 into baboons4 ,9 ,bu%man my?1 little z we really "k ( x1 we see ! usual opposition ( fable & fai?1 a k9d creator 9 religion is app>5tly a magician 9 my?4 7#a7 ,cape ,mon?ly ,magaz9e1 ,july1 #ahgd4 ,neighb\rs ( ! ,bu%m51 b m =tunate 9 _! weal? ( %eep & cattle1 are ! ,ovah]]o4 ,! my?s ( ! ,ovah]]o1 a tribe dwell+ 9 a "p ( ,h]]al& :i* _h n yet be5 "u ! influ5ce ( civilisation & ,*ri/ianity1 h be5 /udi$ by ! ,rev4 ,h4 ,reid]becke1 mission>y at ,otyozondyupa4 ,! ,ovah]]o1 he says1 h a k9d ( tree ,ygdrasil1 a tree out ( :i* m5 are born1 & ?is plays a great "p 9 _! my? ( creation4 ,! tree1 :i* /ill exi/s1 ?\gh at a great age1 is call$ ! ,omumborombonga tree4 ,out ( x came1 9 ! beg9n+1 ! fir/ man & woman4 ,ox5 /epp$ =? f x too1 b baboons1 z ,caliban says ( ! />s1 came o!rwise1 & %eep & goats sprang f a flat rock4 ,black p are s col\r$1 accord+ to ! ,ovah]]o1 because :5 ! fir/ p>5ts em]g$ f ! tree & slew an ox1 ! ance/ress ( ! blacks appropriat$ ! black liv] ( ! victim4 ,! ,ovakuru ,meyuru or ,,old ,,ones 9 heav51 once let ! skies d[n ) a run1 b drew !m up aga9 7z ! gods ( ! ,satapa?a ,brahmana drew ! sun7 :5 mo/ ( mank9d _h be5 dr[n$47#a7 ,! remnant pacifi$ ! ,,old ,,ones 7z ,odysseus did ! spirits ( ! dead7 by ! sacrifice ( a ,,black ewe1 a practice /ill us$ to appease gho/s by ! ,ovah]]o4 ,! neighb\r+ ,omnambo ascribe ! creation ( man to ,kalunga1 :o came out ( ! e>?1 & made ! fir/ ?ree %eep47#b7 7#a7 ,an example ( a ,deluge my? 9 ,africa1 :]e ,m4 ,l5ormant f\nd none4 7#b7 ,s\? ,african ,folk-,lore ,j\rnal1 ii4 pt4 v4 p4 #ie4 ,among ! ,namaquas1 an ,african p on ! same level ( nomadic culture z ! ,ovah]]o1 a div9e or h]oic e>ly be+ call$ ,heitsi ,eibib _h a good deal to d ) ! orig9 ( ?+s4 ,if he did n exactly make ! animals1 he impress$ on !m _! *>act]s1 & _! habits 7l ^? ( ! s]p5t 9 ,g5esis7 are said to h be5 conf]r$ by a curse1 ! curse ( ,heitsi ,eibib4 ,a precisely simil> notion 0 f\nd by ,avila among ! ,indians ( ,hu>o*iri1 ^: div9e culture-h]o impos$1 by a curse or a bless+1 _! "* & habits on ! bea/s47#a7 ,! lion us$ to live 9 a ne/ up a tree till ,heitsi ,eibib curs$ him & bade him walk on ! gr\nd4 ,he also curs$ ! h>e1 & ! h>e ran away1 & is /ill runn+47#b7 ,! "n ( ! fir/ man is giv5 z ,ei*aknanabiseb 7) a multitude ( clicks71 & he is said to h met all ! animals on a flat rock1 & play$ a game ) !m = copp] beads4 ,! ra9b[ 0 made by ,gaunab1 :o is g5]ally a malevol5t be+1 ( :om m h]eaft]4 7#a7 ,fables ( ,yncas 7,hakluyt ,society71 p4 #abg4 7#b7 ,tsuni ,goam1 pp4 #ff1 #fg4 ,leav+ ^! ,african races1 :i*1 :atev] _! relative degrees ( culture1 are physically some:at contemptible1 we rea* _! nor!rn neighb\rs1 ! ,zulus4 ,!y are among ! f9e/1 & c]ta9ly among ! lea/ religi\s1 ( ! undevelop$ peoples4 ,_! fai? is ma9ly 9 magic & gho/s1 b !re are traces ( a fad+ & l(ti] belief4 ,! social & political condition ( ! ,zulu is well und]/ood4 ,!y are a pa/oral1 b n a nomadic p1 possess+ l>ge kraals or t[ns4 ,!y practise agriculture1 & !y _h1 till q rec5tly1 a c5tralis$ gov]nm5t & a l>ge army1 some:at on ! ,g]man sy/em4 ,!y appe> to h no regul> class ( prie/s1 & sup]natural p[] is own$ by ! *iefs & ! k+1 & by div9]s & sorc]]s1 :o conduct ! sacrifices4 ,_! my?s are ! m int]e/+ because1 :e!r f _! natural scepticism1 :i* confut$ ,bi%op ,col5so 9 8 or?odox days1 or f acqua9tance ) ,european ideas1 !y h begun to d\bt ! tru? ( _! own traditions47#a7 ,! ,zulu !ory ( ! orig9 ( man & ( ! _w comm5ces ) ! feats ( ,unkulunkulu1 ! old1 old "o1 :o1 9 "s leg5ds1 0 ! fir/ man1 & broke (f 9 ! beg9n+4 ,l ,manabozho among ! ,indians ( ,nor? ,am]ica1 & l ,wa9amo95 among ! ,f9ns1 ,unkulunkulu imp>t$ to m5 a k ( ! arts1 ( m>riage1 & s =?4 ,8 exploits 9 ?is direction1 h[ev]1 mu/ be consid]$ 9 ano!r "p ( ?is "w4 ,m5 9 g5]al came out ( a b$ ( re$s47#b7 ,b !re is mu* confusion ab\t ?is b$ ( re$s1 nam$ ,u?langa4 ,! y\ng] p ask :]e ! b$ ( re$s 02 ! old m5 d n "k1 & nei!r did _! fa!rs "k4 ,b !y /ick to x t t b$ ( re$s /ill exi/s4 ,educat$ ,zulus appe> some:at incl9$ to take ! expression 9 an allegorical s5se1 & to und]/& ! re$s ei!r z a k9d ( protoplasm or z a creator :o 0 mortal4 ,he exi/s no long]4 ,z my gr&fa!r no long] exi/s1 he too no long] exi/s2 he di$4 ,*iefs :o wi% to claim high desc5t trace _! p$igree to ,u?langa1 z ! ,hom]ic k+s trac$ !irs to ,zeus4 ,! my?s giv5 by ,dr4 ,callaway are v contradictory4 7#a7 ,^! leg5ds h be5 c>efully collect$ & publi%$ by ,bi%op ,callaway 7,trubn] ,co41 #ahfh74 7#b7 ,callaway1 p4 #i4 ,9 addition to ! leg5d t m5 came out ( a b$ ( re$s1 o!r & p]haps ev5 m pu]ile /ories are curr5t4 ,"s m5 say t !y 7 bel*$ up by a c[2 o!rs t ,unkulunkulu split !m out ( a /one17#a7 :i* recalls ! leg5d ( ,pyrrha & ,deucalion4 ,! my? ab\t ! c[ is /ill appli$ to great *iefs4 ,he 0 n born2 he 0 bel*$ up by a c[4 ,! my? ( ! /one orig9 corresponds to ! ,hom]ic say+ ab\t m5 born f ! /one or ! oak ( ! old tale47#b7 7#a7 ,)\t anticipat+ a lat] *apt]1 ! resemblances ( ^! to ,greek my?s1 z array$ by ,m4 ,b\*e ,lecl]cq 7,de ,orig9e ,g5]is ,humani71 is v /rik+4 7#b7 ,odyssey1 xix4 #ajc4 ,9 addition to ! !ory ( ! natal b$ ( re$s1 ! ,zulus1 l ! ,navajoes ( ,new ,mexico1 & ! ,bu%m51 believe 9 ! subt]ranean orig9 ( man4 ,!re 0 a succession ( emigrations f bel[ ( diff]5t tribes ( m51 ea* hav+ its own ,unkulunkulu4 ,all acc\nts agree t ,unkulunkulu is n wor%ipp$1 & he does n seem to be id5tifi$ ) ! "l :o plays 9 heav5--a k9d ( fad+ ,zeus--:5 !re is ?und]4 ,unkulunkulu is n wor%ipp$1 ?\gh ance/ral spirits are wor%ipp$1 because he liv$ s long ago t no "o c n[ trace 8 p$igree to ! be+ :o is at once ! fir/ man & ! creator4 ,8 hon\r-giv+ "n is lo/ 9 ! lapse ( ye>s1 & ! family rites h become obsolete47#a7 7#a7 ,see ,zulu religion 9 ,! ,mak+ ( ,religion1 pp4 #bbe-bbi1 :]e x is argu$ t gho/ wor%ip has sup]s$$ a high] fai?1 ( :i* traces are disc]nible4 ,! native races ( ! ,nor? ,am]ican cont95t 7conc]n+ ^: civilisation m w be said 9 ! acc\nt ( _! div9e my?s7 occupy e /age ( culture1 f ! truly be/ial condition 9 :i* "s ( ! ,digg] ,indians at pres5t exi/1 liv+ on insects & unacqua9t$ ev5 ) ! use ( ! b[1 to ! civilisation :i* ! ,spani>ds de/roy$ among ! ,aztecs4 ,! orig9al facts ab\t religion 9 ,am]ica are mu* disput$1 & w be m appropriately treat$ lat]4 ,x is n[ v usual = an?ropologi/s to say1 l ,mr4 ,dorman1 no approa* to mono!ismn _h be5 made be=e ! discov]y ( ,am]ica by ,europeans1 & ! ,great ,_s m5tion$ 9 ^! 7_!7 books is an introduction by ,*ri/ianity47#a7 ,?is view w n be> exam9ation1 says ,mr4 ,tylor1 & we %all lat] demon/rate ! accuracy ( 8 rem>k47#b7 ,b at pres5t we are conc]n$1 n ) :at ,indian religion _h to say ab\t h] ,gods1 b ) :at ,indian my? _h to tell ab\t ! beg9n+s ( ?+s4 7#a7 ,orig9 ( ,primitive ,sup]/itions1 p4 #ae4 7#b7 ,primitive ,culture1 #ahgc1 ii4 p4 #cdj4 ,! ,hurons1 = example 7to *oose a p 9 a /ate ( middle b>b>ism71 />t 9 my? f ! usual conception ( a p[]ful non-natural race ( m5 dwell+ 9 ! heav5s1 :5ce !y desc5d$1 & colonis$1 n to say con/ruct$1 ! e>?4 ,9 ! ,relation de la ,n\velle ,france1 writt5 by ,p]e ,paul le ,jeune1 ( ! ,company ( ,jesus1 9 #afcf1 !re is a v full acc\nt ( ,huron op9ion1 :i*1 ) "s *anges ( names1 exi/s among ! o!r bran*es ( ! ,algonk9 family ( ,indians4 ,!y recognise z ! f\nd] ( _! k9dr$ a woman nam$ ,ata5tsic1 :o1 l ,hephae/us 9 ! ,iliad1 0 bani%$ f ! sky4 ,9 ! upp] _w !re are woods & pla9s1 z on e>?4 ,ata5tsic fell d[n a hole :5 %e 0 hunt+ a be>1 or %e cut d[n a heav5-tree1 & fell ) ! fall ( ?is ,huron ,ygdrasil1 or %e 0 s$uc$ by an adv5tur] f ! "u _w1 & 0 toss$ out ( heav5 = h] fault4 ,h[ev] x *anc$1 %e dropp$ on ! back ( ! turtle 9 ! mid/ ( ! wat]s4 ,he consult$ ! o!r aquatic animals1 & "o ( !m1 g5]ally said to h be5 ! musk-rat1 fi%$7#a7 up "s soil & fa%ion$ ! e>?47#b7 ,"h ,ata5tsic gave bir? to tw9s1 ,ioskeha & ,tawisc>a4 ,^! repres5t ! usual dualism ( my?2 !y answ] to ,osiris & ,set1 to ,ormuzd & ,ahriman1 & 7 bitt] enemies4 ,accord+ to "o =m ( ! my?1 ! woman ( ! sky _h tw9s1 & :at occurr$ may be quot$ f ,dr4 ,br9ton4 ,ev5 be=e bir? "o ( !m betray$ 8 re/less & evil nature by refus+ to be born 9 ! usual mann]1 b insi/+ on break+ ?r\gh 8 p>5t's side or arm-pit4 ,he did s1 b x co/ 8 "m h] life4 ,h] body 0 buri$1 & f x sprang ! v>i\s vegetable productions1 pumpk9s1 maize1 beans1 & s =?47#c7 7#a7 ,relations1 #afcc4 ,9 ?is my? "o ,messon1 ! ,great ,h>e1 is ! beg9n] ( our race4 ,he m>ri$ a daught] ( ! ,musk-rat4 7#b7 ,"h we fir/ meet 9 ?is inve/igation a v widely di/ribut$ my?4 ,! my?s already exam9$ h tak5 ! orig9 ( e>? = grant$4 ,! ,hurons acc\nt = its orig92 a speck ( e>? 0 fi%$ out ( ! wat]s & grew4 ,9 ,m4 ,h4 de ,*>5cey's tract ,une ,leg5de ,cosmogonique 7,havre1 #ahhd7 ?is leg5d is trac$4 ,m4 de ,*>5cey di/+ui%es 7#a7 a cont95tal v]sion2 7#b7 an insul> v]sion2 7#c7 a mix$ & ,h9doo v]sion4 ,among cont95tal v>iants he gives a ,vogul v]sion 7,revue de ,philologie et d',e?nographie1 ,p>is1 #ahgd1 i4 #aj74 ,numi ,t>om 7a god :o cooks fi% 9 heav57 hangs a male & female above ! abyss ( wat]s 9 a silv] cradle4 ,he gives !m1 lat]1 j e>? en\gh to build a h\se on4 ,_! son1 9 ! guise ( a squirrel1 climbs to ,numi ,t>om1 & receives f him a duck-sk9 & a goose-sk94 ,clad 9 ^!1 l ,yehl 9 8 rav5-sk9 or ,od9 9 8 hawk-sk91 he enjoys ! p[]s ( ! animals1 dives & br+s up ?ree h&fuls ( mud1 :i* gr[ into our e>?4 ,elempi makes m5 out ( clay & sn[4 ,! ,am]ican v]sion ,m4 de ,*>5cey gives f ,ni*olas ,p]rot 7,mem4 sur les ,mo]s1 etc41 ,p>is1 #ahfd1 i4 #c74 ,p]rot 0 a travell] ( ! sev5te5? c5tury4 ,! ,great ,h>e takes a h& 9 ! mak+ ( e>? out ( fi%$-up soil4 ,aft] giv+ o!r ,nor? ,am]ican v>iants1 & comp>+ ! animals t1 aft] ?ree attempts1 fi% up e>? to ! dove & rav5 ( ,noah1 ,m4 de ,*>5cey rea*es ! ,bulg>ians4 ,god made ,satan1 9 ! sk9 ( a div]1 fi% up e>? out ( ,lake ,tib]ias4 ,?ree doves fi% up e>?1 9 ! beg9n+1 9 ! ,galician popul> leg5d 7,*odzko1 ,contes des ,paysans ,slaves1 p4 #cgd74 ,9 ! ,,insul> v]sion1 z 9 ,new ,zeal&1 ! isl& is usually fi%$ up ) a hook by a h]oic angl] 7,japan1 ,tonga1 ,tahiti1 ,new ,zeal&74 ,! ,h9doo v]sion1 9 :i* ! bo> plays ! "p ( musk-rat1 or duck1 or div]1 w be giv5 9 ,indian ,cosmogonic ,my?s4 7#c7 ,br9ton1 ,am]ican ,h]o-,my?s1 p4 #ed4 ,ni*olas ,p]rot & v>i\s ,jesuit ,relations are ! orig9al au?orities4 ,see ,div9e ,my?s ( ,am]ica4 ,mr4 ,lel&1 9 8 ,algonk9 ,tales1 pr9ts ! same /ory1 ) ! names alt]$ to ,glooskap & ,malsumis1 f oral tradition4 ,comp>e ,s*oolcraft1 v4 #aee1 & i4 #cag1 & ! v]sions ( ,,pp4 ,*>levoix & ,lafitau4 ,9 ,*>levoix ! good & bad bro!rs are ,manabozho & ,*okanipok or ,*akekanapok1 & out ( ! bones & entrails ( ! latt] _m plants & animals 7 fa%ion$1 j z1 accord+ to a ,greek my? pres]v$ by ,clem5s ,alex&r9us1 p>sley & pomegranates arose f ! blood & scatt]$ memb]s ( ,dionysus ,zagreus4 ,! tale ( ,tawisc>a's viol5t bir? is told ( ,set 9 ,egypt1 & ( ,indra 9 ! ,v$a1 z w be %[n lat]4 ,?is is a v common fable1 &1 z ,mr4 ,:itley ,/okes tells me1 x recurs 9 old ,iri% leg5ds ( ! bir? ( our ,"l1 ,my?1 z usual1 invad+ religion1 ev5 ,*ri/ian religion4 ,accord+ to ano!r v]sion ( ! orig9 ( ?+s1 ! mak] ( !m 0 "o ,mi*ab\s1 or ,mi*abo1 ! ,great ,h>e4 ,8 bir?place 0 %[n at an isl& call$ ,mi*ilimak9ak1 l ! bir?place ( ,apollo at ,delos4 ,! ,great ,h>e made ! e>?1 &1 z w aft]w>ds appe>1 0 ! inv5tor ( ! arts ( life4 ,on ! :ole1 ! ,iroquois & ,algonk9 my?s agree 9 f9d+ ! orig9 ( life 9 an upp] _w beyond ! sky4 ,! e>? 0 ei!r fi%$ up 7z by ,brahma :5 he div$ 9 ! %ape ( a bo>7 by "s bea/ :i* desc5d$ to ! bottom ( ! wat]s1 or grew out ( ! tortoise on ^: back ,ata5tsic fell4 ,! fir/ dwell]s 9 ! _w 7 ei!r bea/s l ,manabozho or ,mi*abo1 ! ,great ,h>e1 or ! primeval wolves ( ! ,u9k>ets17#a7 or ! creative musk-rat1 or 7 m an?ropomorphic h]oes1 su* z ,ioskeha & ,tawisc>a4 ,z = ! ?+s 9 ! _w1 "s 7 made1 "s evolv$1 "s are trans=m$ p>ts ( an e>ly non-natural man or animal4 ,!re is a t5d5cy to id5tify ,ata5tsic1 ! sky-woman1 ) ! moon1 & 9 ! ,two ,great ,bre?r51 ho/ile z !y are1 to recognise moon & sun47#b7 7#a7 ,p[ell1 ,bureau ( ,e?nology1 i4 #dd4 7#b7 ,dr4 ,br9ton has endeav\r$ to demon/rate by argum5ts drawn f etymology t ,mi*abos1 ,mess\1 ,missibizi or ,manabozho1 ! ,great ,h>e1 is orig9ally a p]sonification ( ,dawn 7,my?s ( ! ,new ,_w1 p4 #agh74 ,i h exam9$ 8 argum5ts 9 ! ,n9ete5? ,c5tury1 ,janu>y1 #ahhf1 :i* may be consult$1 & 9 ,melus9e1 ,janu>y1 #ahhg4 ,! h>e appe>s to be "o out ( ! c\ntless primeval bea/-culture h]oes4 ,a curi\s piece ( magic 9 a tradition ( ! ,d5e ,h>esk9s may seem to aid ,dr4 ,br9ton's !ory3 ,p5dant la nuit il entra1 jeta au feu une tete de lievre blanc et aussitot le j\r se fit4--,petitot1 ,traditions ,indi5nes1 p4 #agc4 ,b ,i take x t ! sacrifice ( a :ite h>e's head makes light magically1 z sacrifice ( black bea/s & columns ( black smoke make ra9cl\ds4 ,"s ( ! degrad$ ,digg] ,indians ( ,cali=nia h ! foll[+ my? ( ! orig9 ( species4 ,9 ?is leg5d1 x w be notic$1 a species ( evolution takes ! place ( a !ory ( creation4 ,! /ory 0 told to ,mr4 ,adam ,john/on1 :o drew ! n>rator by communicat+ to a *ief ! ,biblical n>rative ( ! creation47#a7 ,! *ief said x 0 a /range /ory1 & "o t he _h nev] he>d :5 he liv$ at ! ,mission ( ,/4 ,john "u ! c>e ( a ,padre4 ,accord+ to ?is *ief 7he rul$ ov] ! ,po-to-yan-te tribe or ,coyotes71 ! fir/ ,indians 7 coyotes4 ,:5 "o ( _! numb] di$1 8 body became full ( little animals or spirits4 ,!y took v>i\s %apes1 z ( de]1 antelopes1 & s =?2 b z "s exhibit$ a t5d5cy to fly (f to ! moon1 ! ,po-to-yan-tes n[ usually bury ! bodies ( _! dead1 to prev5t ! ext9ction ( species4 ,!n ! ,indians began to assume ! %ape ( man1 b x 0 a sl[ trans=mation4 ,at fir/ !y walk$ on all f\rs1 !n !y w\ld beg9 to develop an isolat$ human feature1 "o f+]1 "o toe1 "o eye1 l ! ascidian1 our fir/ p>5t 9 ! view ( mod]n sci5ce4 ,!n !y d\bl$ _! organs1 got into ! habit ( sitt+ up1 & wore away _! tails1 :i* !y unaffect$ly regret1 z !y consid] ! tail q an ornam5t4 ,ideas ( ! immortality ( ! s\l are said to be conf9$ to ! old wom5 ( ! tribe1 &1 9 %ort1 accord+ to ?is v]sion1 ! ,digg] ,indians occupy ! mod]n sci5tific position4 7#a7 ,s*oolcraft1 vol4 v4 ,! ,w9nebagoes1 :o communicat$ _! my?s to ,mr4 ,flet*]17#a7 are suspect$ ( hav+ be5 influ5c$ by ! ,biblical n>rative4 ,!y say t ! ,great ,_s woke up z f a dream1 & f\nd himself sitt+ 9 a *air4 ,z he 0 all alone1 he took a piece ( 8 body & a piece ( e>?1 & made a man4 ,he next made a woman1 /eadi$ ! e>? by plac+ bea/s b5ea? x at ! corn]s1 & creat$ plants & animals4 ,o!r m5 he made out ( be>s4 ,he creat$ ! :ite man to make tools = ! poor ,indians--a v pleas+ example ( a teleological hypo!sis & ( ! doctr9e ( f9al causes z und]/ood by ! ,w9nebagoes4 ,! ,*aldean my? ( ! mak+ ( man is recall$ by ! leg5d t ! ,great ,_s cut out a piece ( himself = ! purpose2 ! ,*aldean wisdom co9cides1 too1 ) ! philosophical acum5 ( ! ,po-to-yan-te or ,coyote tribe ( ,digg] ,indians4 ,?\gh ! ,*aldean !ory is only connect$ ) t ( ! ,r$ ,m5 by its savag]y1 we may briefly /ate x 9 ?is place4 7#a7 ,ibid41 iv4 #bbh4 ,accord+ to ,b]osus1 z report$ by ,alex&] ,polyhi/or1 ! univ]se 0 orig9ally 7z be=e ,manabozho's "t7 wat] & mud4 ,h]e9 all mann] ( mix$ mon/]s1 ) human heads1 goat's horns1 f\r legs1 & tails1 br$ confus$ly4 ,9 place ( ! ,iroquois ,ata5tsic1 a woman call$ ,omoroca presid$ ov] ! mud & ! m5ag]ie4 ,%e1 too1 l ,ata5tsic1 is sometimes recognis$ z ! moon4 ,affairs be+ 9 ?is /ate1 ,bel-,m>uduk arriv$ & cut ,omoroca 9 two 7,*okanipok de/roy$ ,ata5tsic71 & out ( ,omoroca ,bel made ! _w & ! ?+s 9 x4 ,we h already se5 t 9 savage my? _m ?+s are fa%ion$ out ( a dead memb] ( ! extra-natural race4 ,la/ly1 ,bel cut 8 own head (f1 & ) ! blood ! gods mix$ clay & made m54 ,! ,*aldeans inh]it$ v savage fancies47#a7 7#a7 ,cf4 ,syncellus1 p4 #bi2 ,euseb41 ,*ronic4 ,arm541 ed4 ,mai1 p4 #aj2 ,l5ormant1 ,orig9es de l',hi/oire1 i4 #ejf4 ,"o ought1 p]haps1 to apologise to ! ,*aldeans = ins]t+ _! my?s among ! fables ( ! lea/ cultivat$ peoples2 b x w sc>cely be ma9ta9$ t ! ,ori5tal my?s diff] 9 "* f ! ,digg] ,indian & ,iroquois explanations ( ! orig9 ( ?+s4 ,! ,ahts ( ,vanc\v] ,isl&1 :om ,mr4 ,sproat knew intimately1 & ( ^: ideas he gives a cauti\s acc\nt 7= he 0 well aw>e ( ! limits ( 8 k71 tell a /ory ( ! usual "*47#a7 ,!y believe 9 a memb] ( ! extra-natural race1 nam$ ,quawteaht1 ( :om we %all he> m 9 8 h]oic "*4 ,z a demiurge he is und\bt$ly repres5t$ z ! g5]al fram]1 ,i d n say creator1 ( all ?+s1 ?\gh "s special ?+s are except$4 ,he made ! e>? & wat]1 ! trees & rocks1 & all ! animals4 ,"s say t ,quawteaht made ! sun & moon1 b ! majority ( ! ,indians believe t he _h no?+ to d ) _! =mation1 & t !y are deities sup]ior to himself1 ?\gh n[ di/ant & less active4 ,he gave names to ev]y?+2 among ! re/1 to all ! ,indian h\ses :i* !n exi/$1 al?\gh inhabit$ only by birds & animals4 ,quawteaht w5t away be=e ! app>5t *ange ( ! birds & bea/s into ,indians1 :i* took place 9 ! foll[+ mann]3-- ,! birds & bea/s ( old _h ! spirits ( ! ,indians dwell+ 9 !m1 & occupi$ ! v>i\s coa/ villages1 z ! ,ahts d at pres5t4 ,"o day a canoe mann$ by two ,indians f an unkn[n c\ntry approa*$ ! %ore4 ,z !y coa/$ along1 at ea* h\se at :i* !y l&$1 ! de]1 be>1 elk1 & o!r brute inhabitants fl$ to ! m\nta9s1 & ! geese & o!r birds flew to ! woods & riv]s4 ,b 9 ?is flight1 ! ,indians1 :o _h hi!rto be5 conta9$ 9 ! bodies ( ! v>i\s creatures1 7 left beh9d1 & f t "t !y took possession ( ! des]t$ dwell+s & assum$ ! condition 9 :i* we n[ see !m4 7#a7 ,sproat1 ,sc5es & ,/udies ( ,savage ,life1 pp4 #baj1 #baa4 ,cross+ ! nor!rn cont95t ( ,am]ica to ! we/1 we are 9 ! doma9s ( v>i\s animal culture-h]oes1 ance/ors & tea*]s ( ! human race & ! mak]s1 to "s ext5t1 ( ! ?+s 9 ! _w4 ,z ! ea/]n tribes h _! ,great ,h>e1 s ! we/]n tribes h _! wolf h]o & prog5itor1 or _! coyote1 or _! rav51 or _! dog4 ,x is possible1 & ev5 c]ta9 9 "s cases1 t ! animal :i* 0 ! dom9ant totem ( a race became heir to any cosmogonic leg5ds t 7 float+ ab\t4 ,! c\ntry ( ! ,papagos1 on ! ea/]n side ( ! ,gulf ( ,cali=nia1 is ! s\!rn b\nd>y ( ! prov9ce ( ! coyote or prairie wolf4 ,! realm ( 8 influ5ce z a k9d ( ,prome!us1 or ev5 z a demiurge1 ext5ds v f> nor?w>ds4 ,9 ! my? relat$ by ,con ,qui51 ! *ief ( ! c5tral ,papagos17#a7 ! coyote acts ! "p ( ! fi% 9 ! ,sanskrit leg5d ( ! flood1 :ile ,montezuma und]takes ! role ( ,manu4 ,?is ,montezuma 0 =m$1 l ! ,adams ( s _m races1 out ( pott]'s clay 9 ! h&s ( ! ,great ,_s4 ,9 all ?is leg5d x seems pla9 en\gh t ! "n ( ,montezuma is import$ f ,mexico1 & has be5 arbitr>ily giv5 to ! h]o ( ! ,papagos4 ,accord+ to ,mr4 ,p[]s1 ^: manuscript notes ,mr4 ,bancr(t quotes 7iii4 #hg71 all ! natives ( ,cali=nia believe t _! fir/ ance/ors 7 creat$ directly f ! e>? ( _! pres5t dwell+-places1 & 9 v _m cases ^! ance/ors 7 coyotes4 7#a7 ,davidson1 ,indian ,affairs ,report1 #ahfe1 p4 #aca2 ,bancr(t1 iii4 #ge4 ,! ,pimas1 a race :o live ne> ! ,papagos on ! ea/]n coa/ ( ! ,gulf ( ,cali=nia1 say t ! e>? 0 made by a be+ nam$ ,e>?-prophet4 ,at fir/ x appe>$ l a spid]'s web1 rem9d+ "o ( ! ,we/ ,african leg5d t a great spid] creat$ ! _w4 ,man 0 made by ! ,e>?-prophet out ( clay knead$ ) sweat4 ,a my/]i\s eagle & a deluge play a great "p 9 ! lat] my?ical adv5tures ( w> & ! _w1 z kn[n to ! ,pimas47#a7 7#a7 ,communicat$ to ,mr4 ,bancr(t by ,mr4 ,/\t ( ! ,pima ,ag5cy4 ,9 ,oregon ! coyote appe>s z a some:at t5tative demiurge1 & ! m5 ( 8 creation1 l ! be+s fir/ =m$ by ,prajapati 9 ! ,sanskrit my?1 ne$$ to be review$1 correct$ & consid]ably augm5t$4 ,! ,*9ooks ( ,oregon believe 9 ! usual race ( magnifi$ non-natural m51 :o prec$$ humanity4 ,^! semi-div9e p 7 call$ ,ulhaipa by ! ,*9ooks1 & ,sehuiab by ! ,lummies4 ,b ! coyote 0 ! mak] ( m54 ,z ! fir/ ( ,nature's j\rneym51 he made m5 r badly1 ) clos$ eyes & motionless feet4 ,a k9d be+1 nam$ ,ikanam1 t\*$ up ! coyote's crude essays ) a %>p /one1 op5+ ! eyes ( m51 & giv+ _! h&s & feet ! p[]s ( movem5t4 ,he also act$ z a culture-h]o1 introduc+ ! fir/ arts4 7#a7 7#a7 7,frau*]e's ,n>rative1 #beh2 ,gibb's ,*9ook ,vocabul>y2 ,p>k]'s explor+ ,t\r1 i4 #aci27 ,bancr(t1 iii4 #if4 ,mov+ up ! ,we/ ,pacific coa/ we rea* ,briti% ,columbia1 :]e ! coyote is n suppos$ to h be5 s active z our old fri5d ! musk-rat 9 ! great "w ( ! creation4 ,accord+ to ! ,tacullies1 no?+ exi/$ 9 ! beg9n+ b wat] & a musk-rat4 ,z ! animal s\ght 8 food at ! bottom ( ! wat]1 8 m\? 0 frequ5tly fill$ ) mud4 ,?is he spat out1 & s gradually =m$ by alluvial deposit an isl&4 ,?is isl& 0 small at fir/1 l e>? 9 ! ,sanskrit my? 9 ! ,satapa?a ,brahmana1 b gradually increas$ 9 bulk4 ,! ,tacullies h no new light to ?r[ on ! orig9 ( man47#a7 7#a7 ,bancr(t1 iii4 #ih2 ,h>mon's ,j\rney1 pp4 #cjb1 #cjc4 ,! ,?l9keets1 :o are neighb\rs ( ! ,tacullies on ! nor?1 incl9e to give cr[ or rav5 ! *ief role 9 ! task ( creation1 j z "s ,au/ralians allot ! same "p to ! eagle-hawk1 & ! ,yakuts to a hawk1 a cr[ & a teal-duck4 ,we %all he> mu* ( ,yehl lat]1 z "o ( ! my?ical h]oes ( ! introduction ( civilisation4 ,nor? ( ! ,?l9keets1 a bird & a dog take ! creative duties1 ! ,aleuts & ,koniagas be+ desc5d$ f a dog4 ,among ! m nor!rn ,t9nehs1 ! dog :o 0 ! prog5itor ( ! race _h ! p[] ( assum+ ! %ape ( a h&some "y man4 ,he suppli$ ! protoplasm ( ! ,t9nehs1 z ,puru%a did t ( ! ,aryan _w1 out ( 8 own body4 ,a giant tore him to pieces1 z ! gods tore ,puru%a1 & out ( ! fragm5ts ?r[n into ! riv]s came fi%1 ! fragm5ts toss$ into ! air took life z birds1 & s =?47#a7 ,?is recalls ! ,au/ralian my? ( ! orig9 ( fi% & ! ,ananzi /ories ( ! orig9 ( :ips47#b7 7#a7 ,he>ne1 pp4 #cdb1 #cdc2 ,bancr(t1 iii4 #ajf4 7#b7 ,see ,div9e ,my?s ( ,l[] ,races4 ,m4 ,cosqu91 9 ,contes de ,lorra9e1 vol4 i4 p4 #eh1 gives ! ,ananzi /ory4 ,betwe5 ! cosmogonic my?s ( ! b>b>\s or savage ,am]ican tribes & ^? ( ! great cultivat$ ,am]ican peoples1 ,aztecs1 ,p]uvians & ,qui*es1 place %\ld be f\nd = ! leg5ds ( c]ta9 races 9 ! ,s\? ,pacific4 ,( ^!1 ! mo/ important are ! ,maoris or natives ( ,new ,zeal&1 ! ,mangaians & ! ,samoans4 ,beyond ! usual & _w-wide correspond5ces ( my?1 ! div9e tales ( ! v>i\s ,s\? ,sea isles display resemblances s _m & ess5tial t !y mu/ be suppos$ to spr+ f a common & probably n v di/ant c5tre4 ,z x is practically impossible to sep>ate ,maori my?s ( ! mak+ ( ?+s f ,maori my?s ( ! gods & _! orig91 we mu/ pass ov] "h ! metaphysical hymns & /ories ( ! orig9al div9e be+s1 ,rangi & ,papa1 ,heav5 & ,e>?1 & ( _! cruel b necess>y divorce by _! *ildr51 :o !n became ! usual ,titanic race :i* con/ructs & airs ! _w = ! reception ( man47#a7 ,among ^! be+s1 m fully describ$ 9 our *apt] on ! gods ( ! l[] races1 is ,tiki1 ) 8 wife ,m>ikoriko1 twilight4 ,tane 7male7 is ano!r ( ! primordial race1 *ildr5 ( e>? & heav51 & betwe5 him & ,tiki lies ! cr$it ( hav+ made or begott5 humanity4 ,tane adorn$ ! body ( 8 fa!r1 heav5 7,rangi71 by /ick+ />s all ov] x1 z disks ( pe>l-%ells are /uck all ov] images4 ,he 0 ! p>5t ( trees & birds1 b "s trees are orig9al & div9e be+s4 ,! fir/ woman 0 n born1 b =m$ out ( ! sun & ! e*o1 a pretty my?4 ,man 0 made by ,tiki1 :o took r$ clay1 & knead$ x ) 8 own blood1 or ) ! r$ wat] ( swamps4 ,! habits ( animals1 "s ( :i* are gods1 :ile o!rs are desc5d$ f gods1 foll[ f _! conduct at ! mom5t :5 heav5 & e>? 7 viol5tly divorc$4 ,new ,zeal& itself1 or at lea/ "o ( ! isles1 0 a huge fi% caught by ,maui 7( :om m h]eaft]74 ,j z ,pund-jel1 9 ,au/ralia1 cut out ! gullies & vales ) 8 knife1 s ! m\nta9s & dells ( ,new ,zeal& 7 produc$ by ! knives ( ,maui's bro!rs :5 !y crimp$ 8 big fi%47#b7 ,q ap>t f ^? *ildi% ideas are ! a/oni%+ metaphysical hymns ab\t ! fir/ /irr+s ( light 9 d>kness1 ( becom+ & be+1 :i* rem9d u ( ,hegel & ,h]aclitus1 or ( ! mo/ purely speculative ideas 9 ! ,rig-,v$a47#c7 ,sc>cely less metaphysical are ! my?s ( ,mangaia1 ( :i* ,mr4 ,gill7#d7 gives an elaborate acc\nt4 7#a7 ,see ,div9e ,my?s ( ,l[] ,races4 7#b7 ,taylor1 ,new ,zeal&1 pp4 #aae-aba2 ,ba/ian1 ,heilige ,sage d] ,polynesi]1 pp4 #cf-ej2 ,%ortl&1 ,traditions ( ,new ,zeal&]s4 7#c7 ,see *apt] on ,div9e ,my?s ( ! ,l[] ,races1 & on ,indian ,cosmogonic ,my?s 7#d7 ,my?s & ,songs f ! ,s\? ,pacific1 pp4 #a-bb4 ,! ,mangaian ideas ( ! _w are complex1 & ( an e>ly sci5tific sort4 ,! univ]se is l ! holl[ ( a va/ cocoa-nut %ell1 divid$ into _m imag9>y circles l ^? ( m$iaeval speculation4 ,!re is a demon at ! /em1 z x 71 ( ! cocoa-nut1 &1 :]e ! edges ( ! imag9>y %ell ne>ly meet1 dwells a woman demon1 ^: "n means ! v beg9n+4 ,9 ?is sy/em we obs]ve ef=ts at metaphysics & physical speculation4 ,b x is v *>act]i/ic ( rude ?\ght t su* extremely ab/ract conceptions z ! v beg9n+ are repres5t$ z possess+ life & human =m4 ,! woman at ! bottom ( ! %ell 0 anxi\s = prog5y1 & !re=e pluck$ a bit out ( h] own "r side1 z ,eve 0 made out ( ! rib ( ,adam4 ,?is piece ( fle% became ,vatea1 ! fa!r ( gods & m54 ,vatea 7l ,oannes 9 ! ,*aldean leg5d7 0 half man1 half fi%4 ,! ,v ,beg9n+ begat o!r *ildr5 9 ! same mann]1 & "s ( ^! became dep>tm5tal gods ( ocean1 noon-day1 & s =?4 ,curi\sly en\gh1 ! ,mangaians seem to be /ickl]s = primog5iture4 ,vatea1 z ! fir/-born son1 orig9ally _h 8 doma9 next above t ( 8 "m4 ,b %e 0 pa9$ by ! ?\ght t 8 y\ng] bro!rs ea* took a high] place ?an 82 s %e pu%$ 8 l& up1 & x is n[ next bel[ ! solid cru/ on :i* mortals live 9 ,mangaia4 ,vatea m>ri$ a woman f "o ( ! "u worlds nam$ ,papa1 & _! *ildr5 _h ! regul> human =m4 ,"o *ild 0 born ei!r f ,papa's head1 l ,a!ne f ! head ( ,zeus1 or f h] armpit1 l ,dionysus f ! ?igh ( ,zeus4 ,ano!r *ild may be said1 9 ! language ( dog-bre$]s1 to h ?r[n back1 = he we>s ! =m ( a :ite or black liz>d4 ,9 ! ,mangaian sy/em ! sky is a solid vault ( blue /one4 ,9 ! beg9n+ ( ?+s ! sky 7l ,ouranos 9 ,greece & ,rangi 9 ,new ,zeal&7 press$ h>d on e>?1 & ! god ,ru 0 oblig$ to ?ru/ ! two asund]1 or r he 0 engag$ 9 ?is task :5 ,maui toss$ bo? ,ru & ! sky s high up t !y nev] came d[n aga94 ,ru is n[ ! ,atlas ( ,mangaia1 ! sky-support+ ,ru47#a7 ,8 l[] limbs fell to e>?1 & became pumice-/one4 ,9 ^! ,mangaian my?s we disc]n resemblances to ,new ,zeal& fictions1 z is natural1 & ! te>+ ( ! body ( ! ,v ,beg9n+ has num]\s c\nt]p>ts 9 ,european1 ,am]ican & ,indian fable4 ,b on ! :ole1 ! ,mangaian my?s are m rem>kable = _! semi-sci5tific philosophy ?an = _! co9cid5ces ) ! fancies ( o!r e>ly peoples4 7#a7 ,gill1 p4 #ei4 ,! ,samoans1 l ! ,maoris & ,greeks1 hold t heav5 at fir/ fell d[n & lay ^u e>?47#a7 ,! arr[root & ano!r plant pu%$ up heav51 & ! heav5-pu%+ place is /ill kn[n & po9t$ out4 ,o!rs say ! god ,ti-iti-i pu%$ up heav51 & 8 feet made holes six feet deep 9 ! rocks dur+ ?is ex]tion4 ,! o!r ,samoan my?s *iefly expla9 ! orig9 ( fire1 & ! causes ( ! *>act]i/ic =ms & habits ( animals & plants4 ,! ,samoans1 too1 possess a semi-my?ical1 metaphysical cosmogony1 />t+ f ,,no?+1 b rapidly becom+ ! hi/ory ( rocks1 cl\ds1 hills1 dew & v>i\s animals1 :o int]m>ri$1 & to :om ! royal family ( ,samoa trace _! orig9 ?r\gh tw5ty-?ree g5]ations4 ,s p]sonal are ,samoan ab/ract conceptions1 t ,,space _h a long-legg$ /ool1 on to :i* a head fell1 & grew into a companion = ,space4 ,yet ano!r my? says t ! god ,tangaloa exi/$ 9 space1 & made heav5 & e>?1 & s5t d[n 8 daught]1 a snipe4 ,man he made out ( ! mussel-fi%4 ,s confus$ are ! doctr9es ( ! ,samoans47#b7 7#a7 ,turn]'s ,samoa1 p4 #aih4 7#b7 ,turn]'s ,samoa1 pp4 #a-i4 ,p]haps ! cosmogonic my?s ( ! less cultivat$ races h n[ be5 /at$ 9 suffici5t numb]4 ,z an example ( ! ideas :i* prevail$ 9 an ,am]ican race ( high] culture1 we may take ! ,qui*e leg5d z giv5 9 ! ,popol ,vuh1 a po/-,*ri/ian collection ( ! sacr$ my?s ( ! nation1 writt5 d[n aft] ! ,spani% conque/1 & publi%$ 9 ,fr5* by ! ,abbe ,brasseur de ,b\rb\rg47#a7 7#a7 ,see ,popol ,vuh 9 ,mr4 ,max ,mull]'s ,*ips f a ,g]man ,work%op1 ) a discussion ( its au!nticity4 ,9 8 ,annals ( ! ,cak*iquels1 a nation bord]+ on ! ,qui*es1 ,dr4 ,br9ton expresses 8 belief 9 ! g5u9e "* ( ! text4 ,comp>e ,bancr(t1 iii4 p4 #de4 ,! anci5t & orig9al ,popol ,vuh1 ! native book 9 native *>act]s1 disappe>$ dur+ ! ,spani% conque/4 ,! ,qui*es1 l _! neighb\rs ! ,cak*iquels1 7 a highly civilis$ race1 possess+ well-built t[ns1 roads & ! arts ( life1 & 7 great agriculturi/s4 ,maize1 ! /aple ( food among ^! advanc$ ,am]icans1 0 almo/ z great a god z ,soma among ! ,indo-,aryans4 ,! ,qui*es 7 acqua9t$ ) a k9d ( picture-writ+1 & possess$ records 9 :i* my? glid$ into hi/ory4 ,! ,popol ,vuh1 or book ( ! p1 gives itself out z a po/-,columbian copy ( ^! traditions1 & may d\btless conta9 ,european ideas4 ,z we see 9 ! ,comm5t>ias ,reales ( ! half-blood ,inca ,g>cilasso de la ,vega1 ! conqu]$ p 7 anxi\s to prove t _! beliefs 7 by no means s irrational & s devili% z to ,spani% critics !y appe>$4 ,accord+ to ! ,popol ,vuh1 !re 0 9 ! beg9n+ no?+ b wat] & ! fea!r$ s]p5t1 "o ( _! *ief div9e be+s2 b !re also exi/$ someh[1 !y t gave life4 ,_! names mean %oot] ( bl[-pipe at coyote1 at opossum1 & s =?4 ,!y said ,e>?1 & !re ,,0 e>?1 & plants gr[+ !reon4 ,animals foll[$1 & ! ,giv]s ( life said ,speak our names1 b ! animals c\ld only cluck & croak4 ,!n said ! ,giv]s1 ,inasmu* z ye _c praise u1 ye %all be kill$ & eat54 ,!y !n made m5 out ( clay2 ^! m5 7 weak & wat]y1 & by wat] !y 7 de/roy$4 ,next !y made m5 ( wood & wom5 ( ! pi? ( trees4 ,^! puppets m>ri$ & gave 9 m>riage1 & peopl$ e>? ) wood5 mannik9s4 ,?is unsatisfactory race 0 de/roy$ by a ra9 ( res9 & by ! wild bea/s4 ,! survivors develop$ into apes4 ,next came a p]iod occupi$ by ! wilde/ feats ( ! magnifi$ non-natural race & ( animals4 ,! record is l ! description ( a sup]natural pantomime--! nightm>e ( a god4 ,! ,titans upset hills1 are turn$ into /one1 & behave l ,heitsi ,eibib 9 ! ,namaqua my?s4 ,la/ ( all1 m5 7 made ( yell[ & :ite maize1 & ^! gave m satisfaction1 b _! sight 0 contract$4 ,^!1 h[ev]1 surviv$1 & became ! p>5ts ( ! pres5t /ock ( humanity4 ,"h we h ! conceptions ( creation & ( evolution comb9$4 ,m5 are ,,made1 b only ! fitte/ survive2 ! re/ are ei!r de/roy$ or p]mitt$ to develop into l[] species4 ,a simil> mixture ( ! same ideas w be f\nd 9 "o ( ! ,brahmanas among ! ,aryans ( ,india4 ,x is to be obs]v$ t ! ,qui*e my?s1 z record$ 9 ,popol ,vuh1 conta9 n only traces ( belief 9 a creative ^w & p[]1 b _m hymns ( a l(ty & beautifully devotional "*4 ,hail6 ,o ,creator1 ,o ,=m]6 ,?\ t he>e/ & und]/&e/ u1 ab&on u n1 =sake u n6 ,o ,god1 ?\ t art 9 heav5 & on ! e>?1 ,o ,he>t ( ,heav51 ,o ,he>t ( ,e>?1 give u desc5dants & po/]ity z long z ! light endures4 ,?is is an example ( ! pray]s ( ! m5 made out ( maize1 made especially t !y might call on ! "n ( ! god or gods4 ,:e!r we are to attribute ?is & simil> passages to ,*ri/ian influ5ce 7= ,popol ,vuh1 z we h x1 is b an attempt to collect ! fragm5ts ( ! lo/ book t rema9$ 9 m5's m9ds aft] ! conque/71 or :e!r ! pur] portions ( ! my? be due to untaught native reflection & piety1 x is n possible to det]m9e4 ,x is improbable t ! ideas ( a ho/ile race w\ld be introduc$ into religi\s hymns by _! victims4 ,"h1 z else:]e 9 ! sacr$ leg5ds ( civilis$ peoples1 v>i\s /rata ( my?ical & religi\s ?\ght coexi/4 ,no ,am]ican p rea*$ su* a pit* ( civilisation z ! ,aztecs ( ,anahuac1 ^: capital 0 ! city ( ,mexico4 ,x is ne$less "h to repeat ! /ory ( _! gr&eur & _! fall4 ,obscure z _! hi/ory1 previ\s to ! ,spani% invasion1 may be1 x is c]ta9 t !y possess$ a highly organis$ society1 =tifi$ t[ns1 e/abli%$ colleges or prie/hoods1 magnific5t temples1 an elaborate cal5d>1 great weal? 9 ! preci\s metals1 ! art ( picture-writ+ 9 consid]able p]fection1 & a despotic c5tral gov]nm5t4 ,! high] classes 9 a society l ?is c\ld n b develop speculative sy/ems1 & x is alleg$ t %ortly be=e ! reign ( ,montezuma attempts _h be5 made to introduce a pure mono!i/ic religion4 ,b ! ritual ( ! ,aztecs rema9$ an example ( ! utmo/ b>b>ity4 ,nev] 0 a m cruel fai?1 n ev5 9 ,c>?age4 ,n[h]e did temples reek ) su* pools ( human blood2 n[h]e else1 n 9 ,dahomey & ,a%anti1 7 human sacrifice1 cannibalism & torture s ess5tial to ! cult t secur$ ! fav\r ( ! gods4 ,9 ^! d>k fanes--reek+ ) gore1 peopl$ by mon/r\s %apes ( idols bird-head$ or bea/-head$1 & adorn$ ) ! hide\s c>v+s 9 :i* we /ill see ! prie/1 "u ! mask ( "s less rav5\s =e/ bea/1 torm5t+ ! victim--9 ^! abom9able temples ! ,ca/ilian conqu]ors might well believe t !y saw ! dwell+s ( devils4 ,yet ,mexican religion _h its moral & beautiful aspect1 & ! gods1 or c]ta9 ( ! gods1 requir$ f _! wor%ipp]s n only bloody h&s1 b clean he>ts4 ,to ! gods we return lat]4 ,! my?s ( ! orig9 ( ?+s may be /udi$ )\t a k ( ! :ole ,aztec ,pan!on4 ,our au?orities1 ?\gh num]\s1 lack complete orig9ality & are occasionally confus$4 ,we h fir/ ! ,aztec monum5ts & hi]oglyphic scrolls1 = ! mo/ "p undeciph]$4 ,^! m]ely atte/ ! hide\s & cruel "* ( ! deities4 ,next we h ! reports ( e>ly mission>ies1 l ,sahagun & ,m5dieta1 ( conqu]ors1 l ,b]nal ,diaz1 & ( noble half-bre$s1 su* z ,ixtlilxo*itl47#a7 7#a7 ,bancr(t's ,native ,races ( ,pacific ,coa/ ( ,nor? ,am]ica1 vol4 iii41 conta9s an acc\nt ( ! s\rces1 &1 ) ,sahagun & ,aco/a1 is ma9ly foll[$ "h4 ,see also ,j4 ,g4 ,mull]1 ,ur4 ,am]ik4 ,rel41 p4 #ejg4 ,see *apt] on ! ,div9e ,my?s ( ,mexico4 ,!re are two elem5ts 9 ,mexican1 z 9 ,qui*e1 & ,indo-,aryan1 & ,maori1 & ev5 ,&aman cosmogonic my?4 ,we f9d ! pur] religion & ! really philosophic speculation concurr5t ) su* crude & *ildi% /ories z usually satisfy ! intellectual dem&s ( ,ahts1 ,cahrocs & ,bu%m52 b ( ! pur] & m speculative op9ions we "k little4 ,_m ( ! noble1 le>n$ & prie/ly classes ( ,aztecs p]i%$ at ! conque/4 ,! survivors 7 m or less conv]t$ to ,ca?olicism1 & 9 _! writ+s probably put ! be/ face possible on ! native religion4 ,l ! ,spani% cl]gy1 _! in/ructors1 !y 7 incl9$ to expla9 away _! national gods by a sy/em ( euhem]ism1 by tak+ x = grant$ t ! gods & culture-h]oes _h orig9ally be5 ord9>y m51 wor%ipp$ aft] _! decease4 ,?is is almo/ inv>iably ! view adopt$ by ,sahagun4 ,side by side ) ! confessions1 z x 71 ( ! cl]gy & cultivat$ classes coexi/$ ! popul> beliefs1 ! my?s ( ! p1 p>tak+ ( ! nature ( folk-lore1 b n reject$ by ! prie/hood4 ,bo? /rata ( belief are repres5t$ 9 ! surviv+ cosmogonic my?s ( ! ,aztecs4 ,probably we may reckon 9 ! fir/ or le>n$ & speculative class ( tales ! acc\nt ( a s]ies ( con/ructions & recon/ructions ( ! _w4 ,?is idea is n peculi> to ! high] my?ologies1 ! notion ( a deluge & recreation or r5ewal ( ?+s is almo/ univ]sal1 & ev5 among ! untutor$ ,au/ralians !re are memories ( a flood & ( an age ( ru9\s w9ds4 ,b ! !ory ( def9ite epo*s1 calculat$ 9 accordance ) ! ,mexican cal5d>1 ( epo*s 9 :i* ?+s 7 made & re-made1 answ]s closely to ! ,indo-,aryan conception ( successive kalpas1 & c only h be5 develop$ aft] ! me?od ( reckon+ "t _h be5 c>ri$ to "s p]fection4 ,:5 heav5 & e>? 7 fa%ion$1 !y _h already be5 f\r times creat$ & de/roy$1 say ! fragm5ts ( :at is call$ ! ,*imalpopoca manuscript4 ,probably ?is !ory ( a s]ies ( kalpas is only "o ( ! devices by :i* ! human m9d has tri$ to *eat itself into ! belief t x c conceive a beg9n+ ( ?+s4 ,! e>? /&s on an elephant1 ! elephant on a tortoise1 & x is go+ too f> to ask :at ! tortoise /&s on4 ,9 ! same way ! _w's beg9n+ seems to become m intelligible or less puzzl+ :5 x is ?r[n back into a s]ies ( beg9n+s & end+s4 ,?is me?od also 0 9 h>mony ) ^? vague ideas ( evolution & ( ! survival ( ! fitte/ :i* we h detect$ 9 my?4 ,! v>i\s t5tative human races ( ! ,popol ,vuh deg5]at$ or 7 de/roy$ because !y did n fulfil ! purposes = :i* !y 7 made4 ,9 ,brahmanic my? we %all see t type aft] type 0 condemn$ & p]i%$ because x 0 inadequate1 or inadequately equipp$--because x did n h>monise ) its environm5t47#a7 ,= ^! s]ies ( exp]im5tal creations & ineffici5t evolutions va/ spaces ( "t 7 requir$1 accord+ to ! ,aztec & ,indo-,aryan philosophies4 ,x is n impossible t actual floods & great convulsions ( nature may h be5 rememb]$ 9 tradition1 & may h l5t col\r & =m to ^! some:at philosophic my?s ( orig9s4 ,f su* s\rces probably comes ! ,mexican hypo!sis ( a wat]-age 7end+ 9 a deluge71 an e>?-age 7end+ 9 an e>?quake71 a w9d-age 7end+ 9 hurricanes71 & ! pres5t disp5sation1 to be de/roy$ by fire4 7#a7 ,z an example ( a dim evolution>y idea1 note ! my?s ( ! v>i\s ages z report$ by ,m5dieta1 accord+ to :i* !re 7 five e>li] ages or suns ( bad quality1 s t ! contempor>y human be+s 7 unable to live on ! fruits ( ! e>?4 ,! less philosophic & m popul> ,aztec leg5d ( ! comm5cem5t ( ! _w is ma9ly rem>kable = ! importance giv5 9 x to objects ( /one4 ,= "s reason1 /ones play a mu* great] "p 9 ,am]ican ?an 9 o!r my?ologies4 ,an em]ald 0 wor%ipp$ 9 ! temple ( ,pa*acamac1 :o 01 accord+ to ,g>cilasso1 ! supreme & spiritual deity ( ! ,incas4 ,! creation leg5d ( ! ,cak*iquels ( ,guatemala7#a7 makes mu* ( a my/]i\s1 primeval & animat$ obsidian /one4 ,9 ! ,iroquois my?s7#b7 /ones are ! lead+ *>act]s4 ,nor did ,aztec my? escape ?is influ5ce4 7#a7 ,br9ton1 ,annals ( ! ,cak*iquels4 7#b7 ,erm9ie ,smi?1 ,bureau ( ,e?nol4 ,report1 ii4 ,!re 0 a god 9 heav5 nam$ ,citlalatonac1 & a goddess1 ,citlalicue4 ,:5 we speak ( heav5 we mu/ probably ?9k ( "s su* _w ( ord9>y t]re/rial nature above ! sky z t f :i* ,ata5tsic fell 9 ! ,huron /ory4 ,! goddess gave bir? to a fl9t-knife1 & flung ! fl9t d[n to e>?4 ,?is abnormal bir? p>tly answ]s to t ( ! y\nge/ ( ! ,adityas1 ! reject$ abortion 9 ! ,v$a1 & to ! simil> bir? & rejection ( ,maui 9 ,new ,zeal&4 ,f ! fall5 fl9t-knife sprang our old fri5ds ! magnifi$ non-natural be+s ) human *>act]i/ics1 ! gods1 to ! numb] ( #afjj4 ,! gods s5t up ! hawk 7:o 9 ,india & ,au/ralia g5]ally comes to ! front on ^! occasions71 & ask$ _! "m1 or r gr&mo!r1 to help !m to make m51 to be _! s]vants4 ,citlalicue r je]$ at h] unconsid]$ (fspr+4 ,%e advis$ !m to g to ! "l ( ! homes ( ! dep>t$1 ,mictlanteuctli1 & borr[ a bone or "s a%es ( ! dead :o are ) him4 ,we mu/ nev] ask = consi/5cy f my?s4 ,?is /atem5t implies t m5 _h already be5 9 exi/5ce1 ?\gh !y 7 n yet creat$4 ,p]haps !y _h p]i%$ 9 "o ( ! f\r great de/ructions4 ,) difficulty & dang] ! gods /ole a bone f ,hades1 plac$ x 9 a b[l1 & sme>$ x ) _! own blood1 z 9 ,*aldea & else:]e4 ,f9ally1 a boy & a girl 7 born out ( ! b[l4 ,f ?is pair sprang m51 & c]ta9 ( ! gods1 jump+ into a furnace1 became sun & moon4 ,to ! sun !y !n1 9 ,aztec fa%ion1 sacrific$ !mselves1 & !re1 "o might ?9k1 0 an end ( !m4 ,b !y aft]w>ds appe>$ 9 wondr\s fa%ions to _! wor%ipp]s1 & orda9$ ! ritual ( religion4 ,accord+ to ano!r leg5d1 man & woman 7z 9 ,african my?s7 /ruggl$ out ( a hole 9 ! gr\nd47#a7 7#a7 ,au?orities3 ,ixtlil42 ,k+sbor\gh1 ix4 pp4 #bje1 #bjf2 ,sahagun1 ,hi/4 ,g541 i4 #c1 vii4 #b2 ,j4 ,g4 ,mull]1 p4 #eaj1 :]e ,mull] comp>es ! ,delphic conception ( ages ( ! _w2 ,bancr(t1 iii4 pp4 #fj1 #fe4 ,! my?s ( ! peoples "u ! empire ( ! ,incas 9 ,p]u are extremely int]e/+1 because almo/ all my?ical =mations are f\nd exi/+ toge!r1 :ile we h hi/orical evid5ce z to ! ord] & mann] ( _! developm5t4 ,! ,p]u ( ! ,incas cov]$ ! mod]n /ate ( ! same "n1 & includ$ ,ecuador1 ) p>ts ( ,*ili & ,bolivia4 ,m4 ,reville calculates t ! empire 0 ab\t #bejj miles 9 l5g?1 f\r times z long z ,france1 & t its bread? 0 f #bej to #ejj miles4 ,! c\ntry1 conta9$ ?ree diff]5t climatic regions1 & 0 peopl$ by races ( _m diff]5t degrees ( culture1 all m or less subject to ! dom9ion ( ! ,*ildr5 ( ! ,sun4 ,! ?ree regions 7 ! dry /rip along ! coa/1 ! f]tile & cultivat$ l& ab\t ! spurs ( ! ,cordill]as1 & ! inl& m\nta9 regions1 inhabit$ by ! wilde/ races4 ,ne> ,cuzco1 ! ,inca capital1 0 ! ,lake ( ,titicaca1 ! ,m$it]ranean1 z x 71 ( ,p]u1 = on ! %ores ( ?is inl& sea 0 develop$ ! *ief civilisation ( ! new _w4 ,z to ! in/itutions1 my?s & religion ( ! empire1 we h copi\s if contradictory in=mation4 ,!re are ! n>ratives ( ! ,spani% conqu]ors1 especially ( ,piz>ro's *apla91 ,valv]de1 an ignorant bigot$ fanatic4 ,!n we h some:at lat] travell]s & mission>ies1 ( :om ,cieza de ,leon 78 book 0 publi%$ ?irty ye>s aft] ! conque/1 9 #aeec7 is "o ( ! mo/ tru/wor?y4 ,! ,royal ,comm5t>ies ( ,g>cilasso de la ,vega1 son ( an ,inca lady & a ,spani% conqu]or1 h (t5 already be5 quot$4 ,! critical _s & s\nd s5se ( ,g>cilasso are 9 rem>kable contra/ to ! /upid or?odoxy ( ! ,spani>ds1 b "s all[ance mu/ be made = 8 f]v5t ,p]uvian patriotism4 ,he _h he>d ! ,inca traditions repeat$ 9 boyhood1 & v e>ly 9 life collect$ all ! in=mation :i* 8 "m & mat]nal uncle _h to give him1 or :i* c\ld be extract$ f ! quipus 7! records ( knott$ cord71 & f ! commemorative pictures ( 8 ance/ors4 ,g>cilasso _h access1 moreov]1 to ! torn pap]s ( ,blas ,val]a1 an e>ly ,spani% mission>y ( unusual s5se & acut5ess4 ,*ri/oval de ,moluna is also an excell5t au?ority1 & mu* may be le>n$ f ! volume ( ,rites & ,laws ( ! ,yncas47#a7 7#a7 ,a m complete li/ ( au?orities1 includ+ ! g>rul\s ,aco/a1 is publi%$ by ,m4 ,reville 9 8 ,hibb]t ,lectures1 pp4 #acf1 #acg4 ,g>cilasso1 ,cieza de ,leon1 ,*ri/oval de ,moluna1 ,aco/a & ! ,rites & ,laws h all be5 translat$ by ,mr4 ,clem5ts ,m>kham1 & are publi%$1 ) ! editor's le>n$ & +5i\s notes1 9 ! collection ( ! ,hakluyt ,society4 ,c>e mu/ be tak5 to discrim9ate betwe5 :at is report$ ab\t ! ,indians ( ! v>i\s prov9ces1 :o 7 9 v diff]5t grades ( culture1 & :at is told ab\t ! ,incas !mselves4 ,! political & religi\s condition ( ! ,p]uvian empire is v cle>ly conceiv$ & /at$ by ,g>cilasso4 ,)\t mak+ due all[ance = t my/]i\s e>li] civilisation1 old] ?an ! ,incas1 ^: cyclopean build+s are ! wond] ( travell]s1 ,g>cilasso attributes ! introduction ( civilisation to 8 own ance/ors4 ,all[+ = :at is confess$ly my?ical 9 8 n>rative1 x mu/ be admitt$ t he has a firm grasp ( :at ! actual hi/ory mu/ h be54 ,he recognises a p]iod ( savag]y be=e ! ,incas1 a condition ( ! rude/ b>b>ism1 :i* /ill exi/$ on ! fr+es & m\nta9 recesses ( ! empire4 ,! religion ( t p]iod 0 m]e magic & totemism4 ,f all mann] ( natural objects1 b *iefly f bea/s & birds1 ! v>i\s savage /ocks ( ,p]u claim$ desc5t1 & !y rev]$ & (f]$ sacrifice to _! totemic ance/ors47#a7 ,g>cilasso adds1 :at is almo/ incr$ible1 t ! ,indians tamely p]mitt$ !mselves to be eat5 by _! totems1 :5 ^! 7 c>nivor\s animals4 ,!y did ?is ) ! less reluctance z !y 7 cannibals1 & accu/om$ to bre$ *ildr5 = ! purposes ( ! cuis9e f captive wom5 tak5 9 w>47#b7 ,among ! huacas or idols1 totems1 feti%es & o!r adorable objects ( ! ,indians1 wor%ipp$ be=e & reta9$ aft] ! introduction ( ! ,inca sun-totem & sol> cult1 ,g>cilasso names trees1 hills1 rocks1 caves1 f\nta9s1 em]alds1 pieces ( jasp]1 tig]s1 lions1 be>s1 foxes1 monkeys1 condors1 owls1 liz>ds1 toads1 frogs1 %eep1 maize1 ! sea1 = want ( l>g] gods1 crabs & bats4 ,! bat 0 also ! totem ( ! ,zotzil1 ! *ief family ( ! ,cak*iquels ( ,guatemala1 & ! mo/ high god ( ! ,cak*iquels 0 wor%ipp$ 9 ! %ape ( a bat4 ,we are rem9d$ ( religion z x exi/s 9 ,samoa4 ,! explanation ( ,blas ,val]a 0 t 9 ea* totem 7pac>issa7 ! ,indians ador$ ! devil4 7#a7 ,com4 ,real41 vol4 i41 *ap4 ix41 x4 xi4 pp4 #dg-ec4 7#b7 ,cieza de ,leon1 xii41 xv41 xix41 xxi41 xxiii41 xxvi41 xxviii41 xxxii4 ,cieza is speak+ ( p 9 ! valley ( ,cauca1 9 ,new ,granada4 ,a?w>t ?is e>ly religion ( totems & feti%es came1 9 ,g>cilasso's n>rative1 ! pur] religion ( ! ,incas1 ) :at he reg>ds z a philosophic developm5t ( a belief 9 a ,supreme ,be+4 ,accord+ to him1 ! ,inca sun-wor%ip 0 really a totemism ( a l(ti] "*4 ,! ,incas knew h[ to *oose gods bett] ?an ! ,indians4 ,g>cilasso's !ory is t ! e>li] totems 7 select$ *iefly z di/+ui%+ m>ks by ! v>i\s /ocks1 ?\gh1 ( c\rse1 ?is does n expla9 :y ! animals or o!r objects ( ea* family 7 wor%ipp$ or 7 reg>d$ z ance/ors1 & ! blood-connections ( ! m5 :o ador$ !m4 ,! ,incas1 disda9+ crabs1 liz>ds1 bats & ev5 s]p5ts & lions1 *ose ! sun4 ,!n1 j l ! o!r totemic tribes1 !y feign$ to be ( ! blood & l9eage ( ! sun4 ,?is fable is1 9 brief1 ! ,inca my? ( ! orig9 ( civilisation & ( man1 or at lea/ ( _! bre$ ( m54 ,z ,m4 ,reville well rem>ks1 x is obvi\s t ! ,inca claim is an adaptation ( ! local my? ( ,lake ,titicaca1 ! inl& sea ( ,p]u4 ,accord+ to t my?1 ! ,*ildr5 ( ! ,sun1 ! ance/ors ( ! ,incas1 came out ( ! e>? 7z 9 ,greek & ,african leg5ds7 at ,lake ,titicaca1 or rea*$ its %ores aft] w&]+ f ! hole or cave :5ce !y fir/ em]g$4 ,! my?1 z adapt$ by ! ,incas1 takes = grant$ ! previ\s exi/5ce ( mank9d1 &1 9 "s ( its =ms1 ! ,inca p]iod is prec$$ by ! deluge4 ,( ! ,p]uvian my? conc]n+ ! orig9 ( ?+s1 ! foll[+ acc\nt is giv5 by a ,spani% prie/1 ,*ri/oval de ,moluna1 9 a report to ! ,bi%op ( ,cuzco 9 #aegj47a7 ,! /ory 0 collect$ f ! lips ( anci5t ,p]uvians & old native prie/s1 :o aga9 drew _! in=mation 9 "p f ! pa9t$ records res]v$ 9 ! temple ( ! sun ne> ,cuzco4 ,! leg5d beg9s ) a deluge my?2 a cataclysm end$ a p]iod ( human exi/5ce4 ,all mank9d p]i%$ except a man & woman1 :o float$ 9 a box to a di/ance ( sev]al hundr$ miles f ,cuzco4 ,!re ! creator comm&$ !m to settle1 & !re1 l ,pund-jel 9 ,au/ralia1 he made clay images ( m5 ( all races1 attir$ 9 _! national dress1 & !n animat$ !m4 ,!y 7 all fa%ion$ & pa9t$ z correct models1 & 7 provid$ ) _! national songs & ) se$-corn4 ,!y !n 7 put into ! e>?1 & em]g$ all ov] ! _w at ! prop] places1 "s 7z 9 ,africa & ,greece7 com+ out ( f\nta9s1 "s out ( trees1 "s out ( caves4 ,= ?is reason !y made huacas 7wor%ipful objects or feti%es7 ( ! trees1 caves & f\nta9s4 ,"s ( ! e>lie/ m5 7 *ang$ into /ones1 o!rs into falcons1 condors & o!r creatures :i* we "k 7 totems 9 ,p]u4 ,probably ?is my? ( metamorphosis 0 inv5t$ to acc\nt = ! rev]5ce paid to totems or pac>issas z ! ,p]uvians call$ !m4 ,9 ,tiahuanaco1 :]e ! creation1 or r manufacture ( m5 took place1 ! creator turn$ _m s9n]s into /ones4 ,! sun 0 made 9 ! %ape ( a man1 &1 z he so>$ into heav51 he call$ out 9 a fri5dly fa%ion to ,manco ,ccapac1 ! ,ideal fir/ ,inca1 ,look ^u me z ?y fa!r1 & wor%ip me z ?y fa!r4 ,9 ^! fables ! creator is call$ ,pa*ya*a*i1 ,tea*] ( ! _w4 ,accord+ to ,*ri/oval1 ! creator & 8 sons 7 et]nal & un*angeable4 ,among ! ,can>is m5 desc5d f ! survivor ( ! deluge1 & a beautiful bird ) ! face ( a woman1 a sir5 9 fact1 b kn[n bett] to orni?ologi/s z a macaw4 ,! *ief cause1 says ! good ,*ri/oval1 ( ^! fables 0 ignorance ( ,god4 7#a7 ,rites & ,laws ( ! ,yncas1 p4 #d1 ,hakluyt ,society1 #ahgc4 ,! /ory1 z told by ,cieza de ,leon1 runs ?us37#a7 ,a :ite man ( great /ature 79 fact1 a magnifi$ non-natural man7 came into ! _w1 & gave life to bea/s & human be+s4 ,8 "n 0 ,ticiviraco*a1 & he 0 call$ ! ,fa!r ( ! ,sun47#b7 ,!re are lik5esses ( him 9 ! temple1 & he 0 reg>d$ z a moral tea*]4 ,x 0 ow+ app>5tly to ?is b5evol5t be+ t f\r my/]i\s bro!rs & si/]s em]g$ f a cave--,*ildr5 ( ! ,sun1 fa!rs ( ! ,incas1 tea*]s ( savage m54 ,_! own conduct1 h[ev]1 0 n exempl>y1 & !y %ut up 9 a hole 9 ! e>? ! bro!r ( :om !y 7 jeal\s4 ,?is incid5t is ev5 m common 9 ! m>*5 or h\sehold tales ?an 9 ! regul> tribal or national my?s ( ! _w47#c7 ,! buri$ bro!r em]g$ aga9 ) w+s1 & )\t d\bt he mu/ h be5 "s devil1 says hone/ ,cieza de ,leon4 ,?is bro!r 0 ,manco ,ccapac1 ! h]oic ance/or ( ! ,incas1 & he turn$ 8 jeal\s bre?r5 into /ones4 ,! :ole tale is 9 ! _s illu/rat$ by ! wild] romances ( ! ,popol ,vuh4 7#a7 ,second ,"p ( ! ,*ronicles ( ,p]u1 p #e4 7#b7 ,see ,mak+ ( ,religion1 pp4 #bfe-bgj4 ,"n & ,god are mu* disput$4 7#c7 ,! /ory ( ,joseph & ! m>*5 ( ,jean de l',ours are well-kn[n examples4 ,g>cilasso gives ?ree =ms ( ?is my?4 ,accord+ to ! old ,inca1 8 mat]nal uncle1 x 0 ! sun :i* s5t d[n two ( 8 *ildr51 giv+ !m a gold5 /aff1 :i* w\ld s9k into ! gr\nd at ! place :]e !y 7 to re/ f w&]+4 ,x sank at ,lake ,titicaca4 ,ab\t ! curr5t my?s ,g>cilasso says g5]ally t !y 7 m l dreams ?an /raight=w>d /ories2 b1 z he adds1 ! ,greeks & ,romans also inv5t$ fables wor?y to be laugh$ at1 & 9 great] numb] ?an ! ,indians4 ,! /ories ( "o age ( hea!nism may be comp>$ ) ^? ( ! o!r1 & 9 _m po9ts !y w be f\nd to agree4 ,?is critical position ( ,g>cilasso's w be prov$ correct :5 we rea* ! my?s ( ,greeks & ,indo-,aryans4 ,! my? z n>rat$ nor?-ea/ ( ,cuzco speaks ( ! f\r bro!rs & f\r si/]s :o came out ( caves1 & ! caves 9 ,inca times 7 panell$ ) gold & silv]4 ,a?w>t all ^! l[] my?s1 survivals f ! savage /age1 comes :at ,g>cilasso reg>ds z ! philosophical ,inca belief 9 ,pa*acamac4 ,?is deity1 to ,g>cilasso's m9d1 0 purely spiritual3 he _h no image & dwelt 9 no temple2 9 fact1 he is t v ,god :om ! ,spani% mission>ies proclaim$4 ,?is view1 ?\gh ! fact has be5 d\bt$1 0 v probably held by ! ,amautas1 or philosophical class 9 ,p]u47#a7 ,cieza de ,leon says ! "n ( ?is devil1 ,pa*acamac1 means creator ( ! _w4 ,g>cilasso urges t ,pa*acamac 0 ! animus mundi2 t he did n make ! _w1 z ,pund-jel & o!r savage demiurges made x1 b t he 0 to ! univ]se :at ! s\l is to ! body4 7#a7 ,com4 ,real41 vol4 i4 p4 #ajf4 ,"h we f9d ourselves1 if among my?s at all1 among ! my?s ( metaphysics--rational my?s2 t is1 my?s correspond+ to our pres5t /age ( ?\ght1 & !re=e intelligible to u4 ,pa*acamac made ! sun1 & lightn+1 & ?und]1 & ( ^! ! sun 0 wor%ipp$ by ! ,incas4 ,g>cilasso d5ies t ! moon 0 wor%ipp$4 ,! reflections ( ! sceptical or mono!i/ic ,inca1 :o decl>$ t ! sun1 f> f be+ a free ag5t1 seems l a ?+ held to its task1 are report$ by ,g>cilasso1 & appe> to prove t sol> wor%ip 0 giv+ way1 9 ! m9ds ( educat$ ,p]uvians1 a hundr$ ye>s be=e ! arrival ( ,piz>ro & ,valv]de ) 8 missal47#a7 7#a7 ,g>cilasso1 viii4 #h1 quot+ ,blas ,val]a4 ,f ?is summ>y x appe>s t ! high] ,p]uvian religion _h wre/$ to its s]vice1 & to ! dyna/ic purposes ( ! ,incas1 a native my? ( ! famili> class1 9 :i* m5 come ready made out ( holes 9 ! gr\nd4 ,b 9 ,p]u we d n f9d ne>ly su* abundance ( o!r savage orig9 my?s z w be prov$ to exi/ 9 ! leg5ds ( ,greeks & ,indo-,aryans4 ,! reason probably is t ,p]u left no native lit]ature2 ! mission>ies disda9$ /ories ( devils1 & ,g>cilasso's common s5se & patriotism 7 alike revolt$ by ! incid5ts ( /ories m l dreams ?an tru?ful records4 ,he !re=e 0 sil5t ab\t !m4 ,9 ,greece & ,india1 on ! o!r h&1 ! native religi\s lit]ature pres]v$ my?s ( ! mak+ ( man out ( clay1 ( 8 bir? f trees & /ones1 ( ! fa%ion+ ( ?+s out ( ! fragm5ts ( mutilat$ gods & ,titans1 ( ! cosmic egg1 ( ! r5d+ & w\nd+ ( a p]sonal heav5 & a p]sonal e>?1 ( ! fi%+ up f ! wat]s ( a t9y e>? :i* grew great]1 ( ! developm5t ( m5 out ( bea/s1 ) a doz5 o!r su* notions z are famili> to contempor>y ,bu%m51 ,au/ralians1 ,digg] ,indians1 & ,cahrocs4 ,b 9 ,greece & ,india ^! ideas coexi/ ) my?s & religi\s beliefs z purely spiritual & metaphysical z ! belief 9 ! ,pa*acamac ( ,g>cilasso & ! ,amautas ( ,p]u4 ,,*apt] ,,vii4 ,,indo-,,aryan ,,my?s--,,s\rces ,,( ,,evid5ce4 ,au?orities--,v$as--,brahmanas--,social condition ( ,v$ic ,india--,arts--,ranks--,w>--,v$ic feti%ism--,ance/or wor%ip--,date ( ,rig-,v$a ,hymns d\btful--,obscurity ( ! ,hymns--,difficulty ( int]pret+ ! real "* ( ,v$a--,n primitive b sac]dotal--,! moral purity n innoc5ce b ref9em5t4 ,be=e exam9+ ! my?s ( ! ,aryans ( ,india1 x is necess>y to h a cle> notion ( ! nature ( ! evid5ce f :i* we d]ive our k ( ! subject4 ,t evid5ce is f\nd 9 a l>ge & incongru\s mass ( lit]>y docum5ts1 ! h]itage ( ! ,indian p4 ,9 ?is mass are extremely anci5t texts 7! ,rig-,v$a1 & ! ,a?>va-,v$a71 expository comm5ts ( a date s mu* lat] t ! orig9al mean+ ( ! old] docum5ts 0 sometimes lo/ 7! ,brahmanas71 & poems & leg5d>y collections ( a p]iod lat] /ill1 a p]iod :5 ! :ole "* ( religi\s ?\ght _h s5sibly alt]$4 ,9 ?is lit]ature !re is inde$ a c]ta9 cont9uity2 ! names ( sev]al gods ( ! e>lie/ "t are pres]v$ 9 ! leg5ds ( ! late/4 ,b ! influ5ces ( _m c5turies ( *ange1 ( cont5d+ philosophies1 ( p]iods ( national gr[? & advance1 & ( national decad5ce & decay1 h be5 at "w on ! my?ology ( ,india4 ,"h we h my?s t 7 p]haps orig9ally popul> tales1 & are probably old2 "h aga91 we h lat] leg5ds t c]ta9ly 7 conceiv$ 9 ! n>r[ m9ds ( a p$antic & c]emoni\s prie/hood4 ,x is n possible1 ( c\rse1 to analyse 9 ?is place all ! my?s ( all ! p]iods2 we mu/ be cont5t to po9t out "s :i* seem to be typical examples ( ! work+ ( ! human intellect 9 its e>li] or its lat] *ildhood1 9 its di/ant h\rs ( b>b>ic beg9n+s1 or 9 ! s5ility ( its sac]dotage4 ,! docum5ts :i* conta9 ,indian my?ology may be divid$1 broadly speak+1 into f\r classes4 ,fir/1 & mo/ anci5t 9 date ( composition1 are ! collections ( hymns kn[n z ! ,v$as4 ,next1 & 7z f> z date ( collection goes7 f> less anci5t1 are ! expository texts call$ ! ,brahmanas4 ,lat] /ill1 come o!r manuals ( devotion & ( sacr$ le>n+1 call$ ,sutras & ,upani%ads2 & la/ are ! epic poems 7,itihasas71 & ! books ( leg5ds call$ ,puranas4 ,we are *iefly conc]n$ "h ) ! ,v$as & ,brahmanas4 ,a gulf ( "t1 a p]iod ( social & lit]>y *ange1 sep>ates ! ,brahmanas f ! ,v$as4 ,b ! epics & ,puranas diff] p]haps ev5 /ill m f ! ,brahmanas1 on acc\nt ( va/ religi\s *anges :i* br\ght new gods into ! ,indian ,olympus1 or elevat$ to ! highe/ place old gods =m]ly ( l[ degree4 ,f ! composition ( ! fir/ ,v$ic hymn to ! compilation ( ! late/ ,purana1 religi\s & my?opoeic fancy 0 nev] at re/4 ,v>i\s motives induc$ v>i\s poets to assign1 on v>i\s occasions ! highe/ p[]s to ?is or ! o!r god4 ,! mo/ antique leg5ds 7 probably omitt$ or s(t5$ by "s e>ly ,v$ic b>d 7,ri%i7 ( noble g5ius1 or aga9 impure my?s 7 br\ght f ! obscurity ( oral circulation & foi/$ into lit]ature by "s poet less div9ely inspir$4 ,old deities 7 half-=gott51 & =gott5 deities 7 resuscitat$4 ,sages %ook (f sup]/iti\s bonds1 prie/s =g$ new fett]s on anci5t patt]ns = !mselves & _! flocks4 ,philosophy expla9$ away ! m degrad+ my?s2 my?s z degrad+ 7 sugge/$ to d>k & s]vile he>ts by unsci5tific etymologies4 ,ov] ! :ole mass ( anci5t my?ology ! new my?ology ( a debas$ ,brahmanic ritualism grew l "s luxuri\s & baneful p>asite4 ,x is en\gh = our purpose if we c %[ t ev5 9 ! pure/ & mo/ antique my?ology ( ,india ! elem5t ( traditional savag]y surviv$ & play$ its "p1 & t ! irrational leg5ds ( ! ,v$as & ,brahmanas c (t5 be expla9$ z relics ( savage philosophy or fai?1 or z novelties plann$ on ! anci5t savage model1 :e!r borr[$ or native to ! race4 ,! olde/ docum5ts ( ,indian my?ology are ! ,v$as1 usually reckon$ z f\r 9 numb]4 ,! olde/1 aga91 ( ! f\r1 is ! ,sanhita 7collection7 ( ! ,rig-,v$a4 ,x is a purely lyrical assortm5t ( ! songs :i* ! ,h9dus br\ght ) !m f _! anci5t homes on ! banks ( ! ,indus4 ,9 ! manuscripts1 ! hymns are classifi$ accord+ to ! families ( poets to :om !y are ascrib$4 ,?\gh compos$ on ! banks ( ! ,indus by sacr$ b>ds1 ! hymns 7 compil$ & arrang$ 9 ,india prop]4 ,at :at date ! olde/ hymns ( :i* ?is collection is made up 7 fir/ *ant$ x is impossible to say ) ev5 approximate c]ta9ty4 ,op9ions diff]1 or h diff]$1 betwe5 #bdjj ,b4,c4 & #adjj ,b4,c4 z ! p]iod :5 ! e>lie/ sacr$ lyrics ( ! ,v$a may fir/ h be5 li/5$ by gods & m54 ,9 addition to ! ,rig-,v$a we h ! ,sanhita ( ! ,sama-,v$a1 an an?ology tak5 f ! ,rik-,samhita1 compris+ ^? ( its v]ses :i* 7 int5d$ to be *ant$ at ! c]emonies ( ! soma sacrifice47#a7 ,x is conjectur$ t ! hymns ( ! ,sama-,v$a 7 borr[$ f ! ,rig-,v$a be=e ! latt] _h be5 edit$ & /]eotyp$ into its pres5t =m4 ,next comes ! ,yajur-,v$a1 :i* conta9s ! =mulas = ! entire sacrificial c]emonial1 & inde$ =ms its prop] f\ndations1 ! o!r ,v$as be+ devot$ to ! soma sacrifice47#b7 ,! ,yajur-,v$a has two divisions1 kn[n z ! ,black & ! ,:ite ,yajur1 :i* h common matt]1 b diff] 9 arrangem5t4 ,! ,black ,yajur-,v$a is also call$ ! ,taittirya1 & x is describ$ z a motley undige/$ jumble ( diff]5t pieces47#c7 ,la/ comes ,a?>va-,v$a1 n always reg>d$ z a ,v$a prop]ly speak+4 ,x d]ives its "n f an old semi-my?ical prie/ly family1 ! ,a?>vans1 & is full ( magical =mulae1 imprecations1 folk-lore & spells4 ,!re are good reasons = ?9k+ ?is late z a collection1 h[ev] e>ly may be ! magical ideas express$ 9 its cont5ts47#d7 7#a7 ,web]1 ,hi/ory ( ,indian ,lit]ature1 ,eng4 transl41 p4 #fc4 7#b7 ,ibid41 p4 #hf4 7#c7 ,ibid1 p4 #hg4 ,! "n ,taittirya is d]iv$ f a p>tridge1 or f a ,ri%i nam$ ,p>tridge 9 ,sanskrit4 ,!re is a /ory t ! pupils ( a sage 7 turn$ into p>tridges1 to pick up sacr$ texts4 7#d7 ,b>? 7,les ,religions de l',inde1 p4 #f7 ?9ks t ! exi/5ce ( su* a collection z ! ,a?>va-,v$a is impli$1 p]haps1 9 a text ( ! ,rig-,v$a1 x4 #ij1 #i4 ,betwe5 ! ,v$as1 or1 at all ev5ts1 betwe5 ! olde/ ( ! ,v$as1 & ! compilation ( ! ,brahmanas1 ^! canonis$ explanations ( a canonis$ text17#a7 x is probable t "s c5turies & _m social *anges int]v5$47#b7 7#a7 ,:itney1 ,ori5tal & ,l+ui/ic /udies1 ,fir/ ,s]ies1 p4 #d4 7#b7 ,max ,mull]1 ,biographical ,essays1 p4 #bj4 ,! prose portions presuppose ! hymns1 &1 to judge f ! utt] inability ( ! au?ors ( ! ,brahmanas to und]/& ! antiquat$ language ( ! hymns1 ^! ,brahmanas mu/ be ascrib$ to a mu* lat] p]iod ?an t :i* gave bir? to ! hymns4 ,if we w\ld criticise ! docum5ts = ,indian my?ology 9 a sci5tific mann]1 x is n[ necess>y t we %\ld try to discov]1 z f> z possible1 ! social & religi\s condition ( ! p among :om ! ,v$as took %ape4 ,7 !y 9 any s5se primitive1 or 7 !y civilis$8 ,0 _! religion 9 its obscure beg9n+s or 0 x already a special & peculi> developm5t1 ! fruit ( _m ages ( ?\ght8 ,n[ x is an un=tunate ?+ t s*ol>s h con/antly1 & z x 7 involunt>ily1 drift$ into ! error ( reg>d+ ! ,v$as z if !y 7 primitive1 z if !y exhibit$ to u ! g]ms & g5esis ( religion & my?ology1 z if !y conta9$ ! simple ?\gh /range utt]ances ( ,,primitive ?\ght47#a7 ,?us ,mr4 ,:itney decl>es1 9 8 ,ori5tal & ,l+ui/ic ,/udies1 t ! ,v$as exhibit to u ! v e>lie/ g]ms ( ! ,h9du culture4 ,mr4 ,max ,mull] av]s t no c\ntry c be comp>$ to ,india z (f]+ opportunities = a real /udy ( ! g5esis & gr[? ( religion47#b7 ,yet ! same s*ol> obs]ves t ev5 ! e>lie/ specim5s ( ,v$ic poetry belong to ! mod]n hi/ory ( ! race1 & t ! e>ly p]iod ( ! hi/orical gr[? ( religion _h pass$ away be=e ! ,ri%is 7b>ds7 c\ld h wor%ipp$ _! ,devas or bright be+s ) sacr$ hymns & invocations4 ,?\gh ?is is manife/ly true1 ! sacr$ hymns & invocations ( ! ,ri%is are con/antly us$ z te/imony be>+ on ! beg9n+ ( ! hi/orical gr[? ( religion4 ,nay1 m2 ^! rema9s ( ! mod]n hi/ory ( ! race are suppos$ to exhibit my?ology 9 ! process ( mak+1 z if ! race _h possess$ no my?ology be=e x rea*$ a comp>atively mod]n p]iod1 ! ,v$ic age4 ,9 ! same _s1 ,dr4 ,muir1 ! le>n$ editor ( ,sanskrit ,texts1 speaks 9 "o place z if ! ,v$ic hymns illu/rat$ ! natural work+s ( ! human m9d 9 ! p]iod ( its infancy47#c7 ,a brief exam9ation ( ! social & political & religi\s condition ( man1 z describ$ by ! poets ( ! ,v$as1 w prove t 8 infancy _h long be5 left beh9d him :5 ! fir/ ,v$ic hymns 7 *ant$4 7#a7 ,ibid41 ,rig-,v$a ,sanhita1 p4 vii4 7#b7 ,hibb]t ,lectures1 p4 #aca4 7#c7 ,no?+ c prove m absolutely & m briefly ! late "* ( ,v$ic fai? ?an ! fact t ! fai? _h already to be def5d$ aga9/ ! attacks ( sceptics4 ,! impi\s d5i$ ! exi/5ce ( ,indra because he 0 invisible4 ,rig-,v$a1 ii4 #ab1 #e2 viii4 #hi1 #c2 v4 #cj1 #a-b2 vi4 #bg1 #c4 ,b]gaigne1 ii4 #afg4 ,es gibt ke95 ,indra1 s hat d] e9e und d] &] gesagt 7,ludwig's v]sion74 ,z ,b>? obs]ves1 ! v ideas :i* p]meate ! ,v$a1 ! idea ( ! my/ic efficacy ( sacrifice1 ( brahma1 prove t ! poems are pr(\ndly sac]dotal2 & ?is %\ld h giv5 pause to ! writ]s :o h p]si/$ 9 repres5t+ ! hymns z ! "w ( primitive %eph]ds prais+ _! gods z !y fe$ _! flocks47#a7 ,9 ! ,v$ic age ! ranks ( society are already at lea/ z cle>ly def9$ z 9 ,hom]ic ,greece4 ,we m51 says a poet ( ! ,rig-,v$a17#b7 h all our diff]5t imag9ations & designs4 ,! c>p5t] seeks some?+ t is brok51 ! doctor a pati5t1 ! prie/ "s "o :o w (f] libations4444 ,! artisan cont9ually seeks aft] a man ) pl5ty ( gold4444 ,i am a poet1 my fa!r is a doctor1 & my "m is a gr9d] ( corn4 ,*>iots & ! art ( ! *>iot-build] are z frequ5tly spok5 ( z 9 ! ,iliad4 ,spe>s1 swords1 axes & coats ( mail 7 9 common use4 ,! art ( boat-build+ or ( %ip-build+ 0 well kn[n4 ,k9e & horses1 %eep & dogs1 _h long be5 dome/icat$4 ,! b[ 0 a fav\rite weapon1 & w>riors f\ght 9 *>iots1 l ! ,hom]ic ,greeks & ! ,egyptians4 ,weav+ 0 commonly practis$4 ,! p probably liv$1 z a rule1 9 village settlem5ts1 b cities or =tifi$ places 7 by no means unkn[n47#c7 ,z = political society1 k+s are frequ5tly m5tion$ 9 ! hymns1 & x 0 reg>d$ z em95tly b5eficial = a k+ to ent]ta9 a family prie/1 on :om he 0 expect$ to conf] ?\s&s ( k9e1 lovely slaves & lumps ( gold4 ,9 ! family polygamy exi/$1 probably z ! exception4 ,!re is reason to suppose t ! bro!r-9-law 0 p]mitt$1 if n expect$1 to raise up se$ to 8 dead bro!r1 z among ! ,hebrews47#d7 ,z to lit]ature1 ! v /ructure ( ! hymns proves t x 0 elaborate & consci\sly arti/ic4 ,m4 ,b>? writes3 ,x w\ld be a great mi/ake to speak ( ! primitive naivete ( ! ,v$ic poetry & religion47#e7 ,bo? ! poetry & ! religion1 on ! o!r h&1 display 9 ! highe/ degree ! m>k ( ! sac]dotal _s4 ,! my?s1 ?\gh orig9ally d]iv$ f nature-wor%ip1 9 an inf9ite majority ( cases only reflect natural ph5om5a ?r\gh a veil ( rituali/ic corruptions47#f7 ,! rigid division ( ca/es is seldom recognis$ 9 ! ,rig-,v$a4 ,we seem to see ca/e 9 ! mak+47#g7 ,! ,ri%is & prie/s ( ! pr9cely families 7 on _! way to becom+ ! all-p[]ful ,brahmans4 ,! k+s & pr9ces 7 on _! way to becom+ ! ca/e ( ,k%atriyas or w>riors4 ,! mass ( ! p 0 soon to s9k into ! ca/e ( ,vaisyas & brok5 m54 ,non-,aryan aborig9es & o!rs 7 possibly develop+ into ! ca/e ( ,sudras4 ,?us ! _s ( division & ( c]emonialism _h /ill "s ( its conque/s to a*ieve4 ,b ! extraord9>y att5tion giv5 & ! imm5se importance assign$ to ! details ( sacrifice1 & ! sup]natural efficacy con/antly attribut$ to a sort ( magical asceticism 7tapas1 au/]e f]v\r71 prove t ! wor/ & mo/ fooli% elem5ts ( lat] ,indian society & ?\ght 7 9 ! ,v$ic age already 9 p[]ful exi/5ce4 7#a7 ,les ,religions de l',inde1 p4 #bg4 7#b7 ix4 #aab4 7#c7 ,ludwig1 ,rig-,v$a1 iii4 #bjc4 ,! burgs 7 =tifi$ ) wood5 palisades1 capable ( be+ de/roy$ by fire4 ,cities may be too magnific5t a ^w = :at p]haps 7 m l pahs4 ,b comp>e ,kaegi1 ,! ,rig-,v$a1 note #db1 ,engl4 transl4 ,kaegi's book 7translat$ by ,dr4 ,arr[smi?1 ,bo/on1 ,u4,s41 #ahhf7 is probably ! be/ %ort manual ( ! subject4 7#d7 ,deut4 xxv4 #e2 ,matt4 xxii4 #bd4 7#e7 ,revue de l',hi/oire des ,religions1 i4 #bde4 7#f7 ,ludwig1 iii4 #bfb4 7#g7 ,on ?is subject see ,muir1 i4 #aib1 ) ! rem>ks ( ,haug4 ,f all we "k1 ! real orig9 ( ca/e seems to g back to a "t ant]ior to ! composition ( ! ,v$ic hymns1 ?\gh its developm5t into a regul> sy/em ) insurm\ntable b>ri]s c be ref]r$ only to ! lat] p]iod ( ! ,v$ic times4 ,ro? approa*es ! subject f ! ^w brahm1 t is1 pray] ) a my/ical efficacy1 z 8 />t+-po9t4 ,f brahm1 pray]1 came brahma1 he :o pron\nces ! pray]s & p]=ms ! rite4 ,?is celebrant develop$ into a prie/1 :om to ent]ta9 br\ght bless+s on k+s4 ,?is dome/ic *apla9cy 7conf]r+ peculi> & ev5 sup]natural b5efits7 became h]$it>y 9 families1 & ^!1 unit$ by common int]e/s1 exalt$ !mselves into ! ,brahman ca/e4 ,b 9 ! ,v$ic age gifts ( pray] & poetry alone m>k$ out ! purohitas1 or m5 put =w>d to m$iate betwe5 gods & mortals4 ,comp>e ,ludwig1 iii4 #bba4 ,?us x is self-evid5t t ! society 9 :i* ! ,v$ic poets liv$ 0 s f> f be+ ,,primitive t x 0 ev5 sup]ior to ! high] b>b>isms 7su* z t ( ! ,scy?ians ( ,h]odotus & ,g]mans ( ,tacitus71 & might be reg>d$ z safely arriv$ at ! ?re%old ( civilisation4 ,society possess$ k+s1 ?\gh !y may h be5 k+s ( small communities1 l ^? :o w>r$ ) ,jo%ua or f\ght "u ! walls ( ,!bes or ,troy4 ,poets 7 bett] paid ?an !y seem to h be5 at ! c\rts ( ,hom] or are at ! pres5t "t4 ,= ! tribal fe/ivals special prie/s 7 appo9t$1 :o di/+ui%$ !mselves by _! compreh5sive k ( ! requisite rites & by _! le>n+1 & among/ :om a sort ( rivalry is gradually develop$1 accord+ z "o tribe or ano!r is suppos$ to h m or less prosp]$ by its sacrifices47#a7 ,9 ! family m>riage is sacr$1 & traces ( poly&ry & ( ! levirate1 surviv+ z late z ! epic poems1 7 reg>d$ z ?+s t ne$ to be expla9$ away4 ,p]haps ! mo/ b>b>ic feature 9 ,v$ic society1 ! mo/ s+ul> relic ( a di/ant pa/1 is ! survival1 ev5 9 a modifi$ & symbolic =m1 ( human sacrifice47#b7 7#a7 ,web]1 p4 #cg4 7#b7 ,wilson1 ,rig-,v$a1 i4 p4 #ei-fc2 ,muir1 i4 ii42 ,wilson1 ,rig-,v$a i4 p4 xxiv41 ii4 #h 7ii4 #ij72 ,ait>eya ,brahmana1 ,haug's v]sion1 vol4 ii4 pp4 #dfb1 #dfi4 ,z to ! religi\s condition ( ! ,v$ic ,aryans1 we mu/ /eadily rememb] t 9 ! ,v$as we h ! views ( ! ,ri%is only1 t is1 ( sacr$ poets on _! way to becom+ a sacr$ ca/e4 ,necess>ily !y no m repres5t ! ,,popul> cre$s ?an ! psalmi/s & prophets1 ) _! l(ty mono!i/ic morality1 repres5t ! popul> cre$s ( ,israel4 ,! fai? ( ! ,ri%is1 z w be %[n lat]1 l t ( ! psalmi/s1 has a noble moral aspect4 ,yet c]ta9 elem5ts ( ?is high] cre$ are already f\nd 9 ! fai?s ( ! l[e/ savages4 ,! ,ri%is probably did n actually ,,inv5t !m4 ,consci\sness ( s91 ( imp]fection 9 ! sight ( div9e be+s1 has be5 develop$ 7z x has ev5 9 ,au/ralia7 & is (t5 confess$4 ,b on ! :ole ! religion ( ! ,ri%is is practical--x might almo/ be said1 is magical4 ,!y desire temporal bless+s1 ra91 sun%9e1 long life1 p[]1 weal? 9 flocks & h]ds4 ,! :ole purpose ( ! sacrifices :i* occupy s mu* ( _! "t & ?\ght is to obta9 ^! good ?+s4 ,! sacrifice & ! sacrific] come betwe5 gods & m54 ,on ! man's side is fai?1 munific5ce1 a compell+ =ce ( pray] & ( int5tness ( w4 ,! sacrifice invigorates ! gods to d ! w ( ! sacrific]2 x is suppos$ to be my/ically celebrat$ 9 heav5 z well z on e>?--! gods are always sacrific+4 ,(t5 7z :5 ra9 is want$7 ! sacrifice imitates ! end :i* x is desirable to ga947#a7 ,9 all ^! matt]s a m9ute ritual is already obs]v$4 ,! my/ic ^w brahma1 9 ! s5se ( hymn or pray] ( a compell+ & magical efficacy1 has already come into use4 ,! brahma answ]s almo/ to ! ,maori k>akia or incantation & *>m4 ,?is brahma ( ,visvamitra protects ! tribe ( ,bh>ata4 ,atri ) ! f\r? pray] discov]$ ! sun conceal$ by unholy d>kness47#b7 ,! complicat$ ritual1 9 :i* pray] & sacrifice 7 suppos$ to ex]t a con/ra9+ influ5ce on ! sup]natural p[]s1 already exi/$1 ,haug ?9ks1 9 ! "t ( ! *ief ,ri%is or hymni/s ( ! ,rig-,v$a47#c7 7#a7 ,comp>e ,! ,pray]s ( ,savages 9 ,j4 ,a4 ,f>r]'s ,primitive ,mann]s1 & ,ludwig1 iii4 #bfb-bif1 & see ,b]gaigne1 ,la ,religion ,v$ique1 vol4 i4 p4 #aba4 7#b7 ,see texts 9 ,muir1 i4 #bdb4 7#c7 ,preface to translation ( ,ait>eya ,brahmana1 p4 #cf4 ,9 _m respects ! nature ( ! idea ( ! div9e1 z ent]ta9$ by ! ,ri%is ( ! ,rig-,v$a1 is /ill matt] = discussion4 ,9 ! *apt] on ,v$ic gods su* p>ticul>s z c be asc]ta9$ w be giv54 ,r\ghly speak+1 ! religion is ma9ly1 ?\gh n :olly1 a cult ( dep>tm5tal gods1 orig9ally1 9 c]ta9 cases1 =ces ( ,nature1 b end[$ ) moral e>ne/ness4 ,z to feti%ism 9 ! ,v$as ! op9ions ( ! le>n$ are divid$4 ,m4 ,b]gaigne7#a7 looks on ! :ole ritual z1 practically1 an organis$ feti%ism1 employ$ to influ5ce gods ( a f> high] & pur] "*4 ,mr4 ,max ,mull] rem>ks1 t /ones1 bones1 %ells1 h]bs & all ! o!r s-call$ feti%es1 are simply abs5t 9 ! old hymns1 ?\gh !y appe> 9 m mod]n hymns1 p>ticul>ly ^? ( ! ,a?>va-,v$a4 ,:5 artificial objects are m5tion$ & celebrat$ 9 ! ,rig-,v$a1 !y are only su* z might be prais$ ev5 by ,wordswor? or ,t5nyson--*>iots1 b[s1 quiv]s1 axes1 drums1 sacrificial vessels & simil> objects4 ,!y nev] assume any individual "*2 !y are simply m5tion$ z useful or preci\s1 x may be z sacr$47#b7 7#a7 ,la ,religion ,v$ique1 vol4 i4 p4 #abc4 ,le culte e/ assimilable dans une c]ta9e mesure aux incantations1 aux pratiques magiques4 7#b7 ,hibb]t ,lectures1 p4 #aih4 ,:5 ! exi/5ce ( feti% h]bs is d5i$ by ,mr4 ,max ,mull]1 he does n1 ( c\rse1 =get ,soma1 t div9e juice4 ,x is also to be not$ t 9 mod]n ,india1 z ,mr4 ,max ,mull] himself obs]ves1 ,sir ,alfr$ ,lyall f9ds t ! husb&man prays to 8 pl\gh & ! fi%] to 8 net1 ^! objects be+1 at pres5t1 feti%es4 ,9 opposition to ,mr4 ,max ,mull]1 ,b>? av]s t ! same k9d ( feti%ism :i* fl\ri%es to-day fl\ri%es 9 ! ,rig-,v$a4 ,m\nta9s1 riv]s1 spr+s1 trees1 h]bs are invok$ z s _m p[]s4 ,! bea/s :i* live ) man--! horse1 ! c[1 ! dog1 ! bird & ! animals :i* imp]il 8 exi/5ce--receive a cult ( praise & pray]4 ,among ! in/rum5ts ( ritual1 "s objects are m ?an ?+s consecrat$--!y are div9ities2 & ! w>-*>iot1 ! weapons ( def5ce & (f5ce1 ! pl\gh1 are ! objects n only ( b5$ictions b ( pray]s47#a7 ,^! absolute contradictions on matt]s ( fact add1 ( c\rse1 to ! difficulty ( und]/&+ ! e>ly ,indo-,aryan religion4 ,"o au?ority says t ! ,v$ic p 7 feti%-wor%ipp]s2 ano!r au?ority d5ies x4 7#a7 ,b>?1 ,les ,religions de l',inde1 p4 #g1 ) ! ,v$ic texts4 ,7 ! ,ri%is ance/or-wor%ipp]s8 ,b>? has no d\bt :atev] t !y 74 ,9 ! pitris or fa!rs he recognises ance/ral spirits1 n[ companions ( ! gods1 & gods !mselves4 ,at _! head appe> ! e>lie/ celebrants ( ! sacrifice1 ,a?>van1 ! ,angiras1 ! ,kavis 7! pitris1 p> excell5ce7 equals ( ! greate/ gods1 spirits :o1 ,,by ,,d9t ,,( ,,sacrifice1 drew =? ! _w f *aos1 gave bir? to ! sun & light$ ! />s1--cosmical feats :i*1 z we h se51 are sometimes attribut$ by ! l[] races to _! idealis$ my?ic ance/ors1 ! old1 old ones ( ,au/ralians & ,ovah]]oes4 ,a few examples ( invocations ( ! ance/ral spirits may n be out ( place47#a7 ,may ! ,fa!rs protect me 9 my invocation ( ! gods4 ,"h is a curi\s case1 especially :5 we rememb] h[ ! wolf1 9 ! ,nor? ,am]ican my?1 scatt]$ ! />s l spangles ov] ! sky3 ,! fa!rs h adorn$ ! sky ) />s47#b7 7#a7 ,rig-,v$a1 vi4 #eb1d4 7#b7 ,ibid41 x4 #fh1 xi4 ,mr4 ,:itney 7,ori5tal & ,l+ui/ic ,/udies1 ,fir/ ,s]ies1 p4 #ei7 gives examples ( ! c]emony ( fe$+ ! ,aryan gho/s4 ,! fa!rs are suppos$ to assemble1 ^u due invocation1 ab\t ! alt> ( him :o w\ld pay !m homage1 to seat !mselves ^u ! /raw or matt+ spread = ea* ( ! gue/s invit$1 & to p>take ( ! (f]+s set be=e !m4 ,! food seems *iefly to consi/ ( rice1 sesame & honey4 ,important z is ! elem5t ( ance/or-wor%ip 9 ! evolution ( religion1 ,mr4 ,max ,mull]1 9 8 ,hibb]t ,lectures1 m]ely rem>ks t ?\ghts & feel+s ab\t ! dead suppli$ "s ( ! e>lie/ & mo/ important elem5ts ( religion2 b h[ ^! e>lie/ elem5ts affect 8 sy/em does n appe>4 ,on a g5]al view1 !n1 ! religion ( ! ,v$ic poets conta9$ a va/ numb] ( elem5ts 9 solution--elem5ts su* z meet u 9 e qu>t] ( ! globe4 ,! belief 9 ance/ral gho/s1 ! adoration ( feti%es1 ! devotion to a moral ideal1 contemplat$ 9 ! p]sons ( v>i\s deities1 "s ( :om at lea/ h be51 & p>tly rema91 p]sonal natural =ces1 are all m+l$1 & all are drift+ t[>ds a k9d ( pan!ism1 9 :i*1 :ile ev]y?+ is div9e1 & gods are reckon$ by millions1 ! wor%ipp] has glimpses ( "o s+le div9e ess5ce4 ,! ritual1 z we h se51 is m or less magical 9 "*4 ,! g5]al elem5ts ( ! beliefs are f\nd1 9 v>i\s proportions1 ev]y:]e2 ! pan!i/ic my/icism is almo/ peculi> to ,india4 ,x is1 p]haps1 ne$less to repeat t a fai? s v composite1 & already s /rongly diff]5tiat$1 _c possibly be primitive1 & t ! beliefs & practices ( a race s highly organis$ 9 society & s well equipp$ 9 mat]ial civilisation z ! ,v$ic ,aryans _c possibly be ne> ! beg9n+4 ,f> f expect+ to f9d 9 ! ,v$a ! primitive my?s ( ! ,aryans1 we mu/ rememb] t my? _h already1 :5 ^! hymns 7 sung1 become obnoxi\s to ! religi\s s5tim5t4 ,?us1 writes ,b>?1 ! au?ors ( ! hymns h expurgat$1 or at lea/ left 9 ! %ade1 a va/ numb] ( leg5ds old] ?an _! "t2 su*1 = example1 z ! id5tity ( soma ) ! moon1 z ! acc\nt ( ! div9e families1 ( ! p>ricide ( ,indra1 & a long li/ might be made ( ! retic5ces ( ! ,v$a4444 ,x w\ld be difficult to extract f ! hymns a *apt] on ! loves ( ! gods4 ,! goddesses are veil$1 ! adv5tures ( ! gods are sc>cely t\*$ on 9 pass+4444 ,we mu/ all[ = ! moral delicacy ( ! s+]s1 & = _! dislike ( speak+ too precisely ab\t ! gods4 ,sometimes x seems z if _! *ief object 0 to avoid pla9 speak+4444 ,b (t5 !re is no?+ save j>gon & indol5ce ( m9d 9 ?is volunt>y obscurity1 = already 9 ! ,v$a ! ,indian intellect is deeply smitt5 ) its invet]ate malady ( affect+ my/]y ! m1 ! m x has no?+ to conceal2 ! mania = scatt]+ symbols :i* symbolise no reality1 & = sport+ ) riddles :i* x is n wor? :ile to div9e47#a7 ,b>?1 h[ev]1 also recognises amid/ ^! confusions1 ! inquietude ( a he>t deeply /irr$1 :i* seeks tru? & r$emption 9 pray]4 ,su* is ! natural judgm5t ( ! cle> ,fr5* intellect on ! wilfully obscure1 torm5t$ & evasive intellect ( ,india4 7#a7 ,les ,religions de l',inde1 p4 #ba4 ,x w\ld be int]e/+ 7 x possible to illum9ate ! criticism ( ,v$ic religion by asc]ta9+ :i* hymns 9 ! ,rig-,v$a are ! mo/ anci5t1 & :i* are lat]4 ,c\ld we d ?is1 we might draw inf]5ces z to ! comp>ative antiquity ( ! religi\s ideas 9 ! poems4 ,b no su* discrim9ation ( relative antiquity seems to be )9 ! rea* ( critics4 ,m4 ,b]gaigne ?9ks x impossible at pres5t to det]m9e ! relative age ( ! hymns by any philological te/4 ,! ideas express$ are n m easily array$ 9 ord] ( date4 ,we might ?9k t ! poems :i* conta9 mo/ c]emonial allusions 7 ! late/4 ,b ,mr4 ,max ,mull] says t ev5 ! e>lie/ hymns h s5tim5ts wor?y ( ! mo/ advanc$ c]emoniali/s47#a7 7#a7 ,hi/ory ( ,sanskrit ,lit]ature1 p4 #eef4 ,! fir/ & olde/ s\rce ( our k ( ,indo-,aryan my?s is ! ,rig-,v$a1 ^: nature & "* h be5 describ$4 ,! second s\rce is ! ,a?>va-,v$a ) ! ,brahmanas4 ,! peculi>ity ( ! ,a?>va is its collection ( magical incantations spells & fragm5ts ( folklore4 ,^! are (t51 d\btless1 ( ! highe/ antiquity4 ,sorc]y & ! arts ( m$ic9e-m5 are e>li] 9 ! c\rse ( evolution ?an prie/hood4 ,we meet !m ev]y:]e among races :o h n develop$ ! in/itution ( an ord] ( prie/s s]v+ national gods4 ,z a collection1 ! ,a?>va-,v$a is lat] ?an ! ,rig-,v$a1 b we ne$ n !re=e conclude t ! ,,ideas ( ! ,a?>va are a lat] developm5t ( ! m primitive ideas ( ! ,rig-,v$a4 ,magic is quod semp]1 quod ubique1 quod ab omnibus2 ! ideas ( ! ,a?>va-,v$a are ev]y:]e2 ! peculi> notions ( ! ,rig-,v$a are ! special prop]ty ( an advanc$ & highly diff]5tiat$ p4 ,ev5 9 ! pres5t collect$ %ape1 ,m4 ,b>? ?9ks t _m hymns ( ! ,a?>va are n mu* lat] ?an ^? ( ! ,rig-,v$a4 ,mr4 ,:itney1 admitt+ ! lat5ess ( ! ,a?>va z a collection1 says1 ,?is w\ld n necess>ily imply t ! ma9 body ( ! ,a?>va hymns 7 n already 9 exi/5ce :5 ! compilation ( ! ,rig-,v$a took place47#a7 ,! ,a?>va ref]s to "s poets ( ! ,rig 7z c]ta9 hymni/s 9 ! ,rig also d7 z e>li] m54 ,if 9 ! ,rig 7z ,web] says7 !re brea!s a lively natural feel+1 a w>m love ( nature1 :ile 9 ! ,a?>va1 on ! contr>y1 !re pr$om9ates an anxi\s appreh5sion ( evil spirits & _! magical p[]s1 x by no means foll[s t ?is appreh5sion is ( lat] orig9 ?an ! lively feel+ = ,nature4 ,r ! rev]se4 ,!re appe>s to be no d\bt7#b7 t ! /yle & language ( ! ,a?>va are lat] ?an ^? ( ! ,rig4 ,ro?1 :o recognises ! *ange1 9 language & /yle1 yet consid]s ! ,a?>va "p ( ! old lit]ature47#c7 ,he concludes t ! ,a?>va conta9s _m pieces :i*1 bo? by _! /yle & ideas1 are %[n to be contempor>y ) ! old] hymns ( ! ,rig-,v$a4 ,9 religion1 accord+ to ,muir17#d7 ! ,a?>va %[s progress 9 ! direction ( mono!ism 9 its celebration ( ,brahman1 b x also introduces s]p5t-wor%ip4 7#a7 ,j\rnal ( ! ,am]ican ,ori5tal ,society4 iv4 #bec4 7#b7 ,muir1 ii4 #ddf4 7#c7 ,ibid41 ii4 #ddh4 7#d7 ,ibid41 ii4 #dea4 ,z to ! ,a?>va1 !n1 we are free to suppose1 if we l1 t ! d>k magic1 ! evil spirits1 ! incantations1 are old p>ts ( ,indian1 z ( all o!r popul> beliefs1 ?\gh !y come lat] into lit]ature ?an ! poetry ab\t ,u%as & ! morality ( ,v>una4 ,! same rem>ks apply to our ?ird s\rce ( in=mation1 ! ,brahmanas4 ,^! are indubitably comm5ts on ! sacr$ texts v mu* m mod]n 9 =m ?an ! texts !mselves4 ,b x does n foll[1 & ?is is mo/ important = our purpose1 t ! my?s 9 ! ,brahmanas are all lat] ?an ! ,v$ic my?s or corruptions ( ! ,v$a4 ,muir rem>ks17#a7 ,! ,rig-,v$a1 ?\gh ! olde/ collection1 does n necess>ily conta9 ev]y?+ t is ( ! greate/ age 9 ,indian ?\ght or tradition4 ,we "k1 = example1 t c]ta9 leg5ds1 be>+ ! impress ( ! highe/ antiquity1 su* z t ( ! deluge1 appe> fir/ 9 ! ,brahmanas4 ,we are especially int]e/$ 9 ?is criticism1 because mo/ ( ! my?s :i* we pr(ess to expla9 z survivals ( savag]y are n>rat$ 9 ! ,brahmanas4 ,if ^! are necess>ily late corruptions ( ,v$ic ideas1 because ! collection ( ! ,brahmanas is f> m mod]n ?an t ( ! ,v$a1 our argum5t is in/antly disprov$4 ,b if ideas ( an e>li] /ratum ( ?\ght ?an ! ,v$ic /ratum may appe> 9 a lat] collection1 z ideas ( an e>li] /ratum ( ?\ght ?an ! ,hom]ic appe> 9 poetry & prose f> lat] ?an ,hom]1 !n our cont5tion is legitimate4 ,x w be %[n 9 effect t a numb] ( my?s ( ! ,brahmanas correspond 9 "* & incid5t ) ! my?s ( savages1 su* z ,cahrocs & ,ahts4 ,our explanation is1 t ^! tales p>tly surviv$1 9 ! m9ds p]haps ( cons]vative local prie/hoods1 f ! savage /age ( ?\ght1 or 7 borr[$ f aborig9es 9 t /age1 or 7 m\ld$ 9 m rec5t times on surviv+ examples ( t wild e>ly fancy4 7#a7 ,muir1 iv4 #dej4 ,9 ! age ( ! ,brahmanas ! p h spread s\?w>ds f ! bas9 ( ! ,indus to t ( ! ,ganges4 ,! old sacr$ texts h begun to be sc>cely compreh5sible4 ,! prie/hood has become mu* m /rictly def9$ & m rigor\sly con/itut$4 ,absurd z x may seem1 ! ,v$ic metres1 l ! ,gayatri1 h be5 p]sonifi$1 & appe> z active h]o9es ( /ories presumably old] ?an ?is p]sonification4 ,! ,asuras h desc5d$ f ! rank ( gods to t ( ! heav5ly opposition to ,indra's gov]nm5t2 !y are n[ a k9d ( fi5ds1 & ! ,brahmanas are occupi$ ) long /ories ab\t ! w> 9 heav51 itself a v anci5t conception4 ,v>una becomes cruel on occasion1 & ho/ile4 ,prajapati becomes ! great my?ical h]o1 & inh]its ! wilde/ my?s ( ! savage h]oic bea/s & birds4 ,! prie/s are n[ ,brahmans1 a h]$it>y div9e ca/e1 :o possess all ! va/ & pu]ile k ( ritual & sacrificial m9utiae4 ,z life 9 ! op]a is a s]ies ( songs1 s life 9 ! ,brahmanas is a sequ5ce ( sacrifices4 ,sacrifice makes ! sun rise & set1 & ! riv]s run ?is way or t4 ,! /udy ( ,indian my? is ob/ruct$1 z has be5 %[n1 by ! difficulty ( det]m9+ ! relative dates ( ! v>i\s leg5ds1 b !re are a myriad ( o!r ob/acles to ! /udy ( ,indian my?ology4 ,a poet ( ! ,v$as says1 ,! *ant]s ( hymns g ab\t envelop$ 9 mi/1 & unsatisfi$ ) idle talk47#a7 ,! anci5t hymns are /ill envelop$ 9 mi/1 ow+ to ! difficulty ( _! language & ! v>iety ( mod]n r5d]+s & int]pretations4 ,! h]etics ( ,v$ic religion1 ! oppon5ts ( ! or?odox comm5tators 9 ages comp>atively rec5t1 us$ to compla9 t ! ,v$as 7 simply nons5se1 & _! au?ors knaves & buffoons4 ,!re are mom5ts :5 ! mod]n /ud5t ( ,v$ic my?s is incl9$ to e*o ?is petulant compla9t4 ,= example1 x is difficult en\gh to f9d 9 ! ,rig-,v$a any?+ l a categoric acc\nt ( ! gods1 & a description ( _! p]sonal appe>ance4 ,b 9 ,rig-,v$a1 viii4 #bi1 #a1 we read ( "o god1 a y\?1 br[n1 n[ ho/ile1 n[ fri5dly2 a gold5 lu/re inve/s him4 ,:o is ?is y\?8 ,soma z ! moon1 accord+ to ! comm5tators4 ,m4 ,langlois ?9ks ! sun is meant4 ,dr4 ,aufre*t ?9ks ! troop ( ,m>uts 7spirits ( ! /orm71 to :om1 he rem>ks1 ! epi!t d>k-br[n1 tawny is z applicable z x is to _! ma/]1 ,rudra4 ,?is is r confus+1 & a my?ological inquir] w\ld l to "k = c]ta9 :e!r he is read+ ab\t ! sun or soma1 ! moon1 or ! w9ds4 7#a7 ,rig-,v$a1 x4 #hb1 #g1 b comp>e ,b]gaigne1 op4 cit41 iii4 #gb1 enveloppes de nuees et de murmures4 ,to take ano!r example2 we op5 ,mr4 ,max ,mull]'s translation ( ! ,rig-,v$a at r&om1 say at page #di4 ,9 ! second v]se ( ! hymn to ! ,m>uts1 ,mr4 ,mull] translates1 ,!y :o 7 born toge!r1 self-lum9\s1 ) ! spott$ de] 7! cl\ds71 ! spe>s1 ! dagg]s1 ! glitt]+ ornam5ts4 ,i he> _! :ips almo/ close by1 z !y crack !m 9 _! h&s2 !y ga9 spl5d\r on _! way4 ,n[ ,wilson translates ?is passage1 ,:o1 borne by spott$ de]1 7 born self-lum9\s1 ) weapons1 w>-cries & decorations4 ,i he> ! crack+ ( _! :ips 9 _! h&s1 wond]fully inspir+ c\rage 9 ! fight4 ,b5fey has1 ,:o ) /ags & spe>s1 & ) ?und] & lightn+1 self-lum9\s1 7 born4 ,h>d by r+s ! crack ( _! :ip z x s\nds 9 _! h&s2 bright f>e !y d[n 9 /orm4 ,langlois translates1 ,j born are !y1 self-lum9\s4 ,m>k ye _! arms1 _! decorations1 _! c> drawn by de]8 ,he> ye _! clam\r8 ,li/56 'tis ! noise ( ! :ip !y hold 9 _! h&s1 ! s\nd t /irs up c\rage 9 ! battle4 ,?is is an ord9>y example ( ! div]sities ( ,v$ic translation4 ,x is suffici5tly puzzl+1 nor is ! matt] made m transp>5t by ! v>iety ( op9ion z to ! mean+ ( ! de] along ) :i* ! ,m>uts are said 7by "s ( ! translators7 to h be5 born4 ,?is is j ! sort ( passage on :i* a controv]sy affect+ ! :ole nature ( ,v$ic my?ological ideas might be rais$4 ,accord+ to a text 9 ! ,yajur ,v$a1 gods1 & m51 & bea/s1 & o!r matt]s 7 creat$ f v>i\s portions ( ! frame ( a div9e be+ nam$ ,prajapati47#a7 ,! god ,agni1 ,brahmans & ! goat 7 born f ! m\? ( ,prajapati4 ,f 8 brea/ & arms came ! god ,indra 7sometimes spok5 ( z a ram71 ! %eep1 & ( m5 ! ,rajanya4 ,c[s & gods call$ ,visvadevas 7 born toge!r f 8 middle4 ,are we to und]/& ! words !y :o 7 born toge!r ) ! spott$ de] to ref] to a my? ( ?is k9d--a my? repres5t+ ! ,m>uts & de] z hav+ be5 born at ! same bir?1 z ,agni came ) ! goat1 & ,indra ) ! %eep8 ,?is is j ! po9t on :i* ! ,indian comm5tators 7 divid$47#b7 ,sayana1 ! old comm5tator1 says1 ,! leg5d>y s*ool takes !m = de] ) :ite spots2 ! etymological s*ool1 = ! _m-col\r$ l9es ( cl\ds4 ,! mod]n leg5d>y 7or an?ropological7 & etymological 7or philological7 /ud5ts ( my?ology are (t5 z mu* at v>iance 9 _! attempts to int]pret ! traditions ( ,india4 7#a7 ,muir1 ,sanskrit ,texts1 #bnd edit41 i4 #af4 7#b7 ,max ,mull]1 ,rig-,v$a ,sanhita1 trans41 vol4 i4 p4 #ei4 ,ano!r fam\s1 & almo/ comic1 example ( ! difficulty ( ,v$ic int]pretation is well kn[n4 ,9 ,rig-,v$a1 x4 #af1 #d1 !re is a fun]al hymn4 ,agni1 ! fire-god1 is supplicat$ ei!r to roa/ a goat or to w>m ! s\l ( ! dead & convey x to p>adise4 ,:e!r ! s\l is to be ?us com=t$ or ! goat is to be grill$1 is a "q t has mightily puzzl$ ,v$ic doctors47#a7 ,pr(essor ,mull] & ,m4 ,langlois are all = ! immortal s\l1 ! goat has advocates1 or _h advocates1 9 ,aufre*t1 ,ludwig & ,ro?4 ,m important difficulties ( int]pretation are illu/rat$ by ! attitude ( ,m4 ,b]gaigne 9 ,la ,religion ,v$ique1 & 8 controv]sy ) ! great ,g]man lexicograph]s4 ,! /udy ( my?ology at "o "t made ! ,v$as its />t+-po9t4 ,b p]haps x w\ld be wise to beg9 f some?+ m intelligible1 some?+ less p]plex$ by difficulties ( language & div]sities ( int]pretation4 7#a7 ,muir1 v4 #bag4 ,9 attempt+ to criticise ! v>i\s ,aryan my?s1 we %all be guid$1 on ! :ole1 by ! "* ( ! my?s !mselves4 ,pure & elevat$ conceptions we %all be incl9$ to assign to a pure & elevat$ condition ( ?\ght 7?\gh su* conceptions d1 recognisably1 occur 9 ! l[e/ kn[n religi\s /rata71 & we %all make no difficulty ab\t believ+ t ,ri%is & s+]s capable ( noble conceptions exi/$ 9 an age v remote 9 "t1 9 a society :i* _h _m ( ! features ( a l(ty & simple civilisation4 ,b we %all n1 !re=e1 assume t ! hymns ( ^! ,ri%is are 9 any s5se primitive1 or ?r[ mu* light on ! infancy ( ! human m9d1 or on ! orig9 ( religi\s & h]oic my?s4 ,impure1 *ildi% & b>b>ic conceptions1 on ! o!r h&1 we %all be incl9$ to attribute to an impure1 *ildi%1 & b>b>ic condition ( ?\ght2 & we %all aga9 make no difficulty ab\t believ+ t ideas orig9ally conceiv$ :5 t /age ( ?\ght 0 g5]al h be5 reta9$ & h&$ d[n to a f> lat] p]iod4 ,?is view ( ! possible1 or r probable1 antiquity ( _m ( ! my?s pres]v$ 9 ! ,brahmanas is /r5g!n$1 if x ne$$ /r5g!n+1 by ! op9ion ( ,dr4 ,web]47#a7 ,we mu/ inde$ assume g5]ally ) reg>d to _m ( ^? leg5ds 79 ! ,brahmanas ( ! ,rig-,v$a7 t !y _h already ga9$ a r\nd$ indep5d5t %ape 9 tradition be=e !y 7 incorporat$ into ! ,brahmanas2 & ( ?is we h frequ5t evid5ce 9 ! ,,di/9ctly ,,ar*aic ,,"* ,,( ,,_! ,,language1 comp>$ ) t ( ! re/ ( ! text4 7#a7 ,hi/ory ( ,indian ,lit]ature1 ,engli% trans41 p4 #dg4 ,we h n[ briefly /at$ ! nature & probable relative antiquity ( ! evid5ce :i* is at ! disposal ( ,v$ic my?ologi/s4 ,! *ief lesson we w\ld en=ce is ! necessity ( susp5d+ ! judgm5t :5 ! ,v$as are repres5t$ z examples ( primitive & comp>atively pure & simple natural religion4 ,!y are n primitive2 !y are highly diff]5tiat$1 highly complex1 extremely enigmatic expressions ( fairly advanc$ & v peculi> religi\s ?\ght4 ,!y are n morally s v pure z has be5 ma9ta9$1 & _! purity1 su* z x is1 seems ! result ( consci\s retic5ce & w>y selection r ?an ( primeval innoc5ce4 ,yet ! b>ds or editors h by no means :olly exclud$ v anci5t my?s ( a ?or\ghly savage "*4 ,^! w be *iefly expos$ 9 ! *apt] on ,indo-,aryan ,my?s ( ! ,beg9n+s ( ,?+s1 :i* foll[s4 ,,*apt] ,,viii4 ,,indian ,,my?s ,,( ,,! ,,orig9 ,,( ,,! ,,_w ,,& ,,( ,,man4 ,comp>ison ( ,v$ic & savage my?s--,! metaphysical ,v$ic acc\nt ( ! beg9n+ ( ?+s--,opposite & savage fable ( _w made out ( fragm5ts ( a man--,discussion ( ?is hymn--,absurdities ( ,brahmanas--,prajapati1 a ,v$ic ,unkulunkulu or ,qat--,evolution>y my?s--,m>riage ( heav5 & e>?--,my?s ( ,puranas1 _! savage p>allels--,mo/ savage my?s are repeat$ 9 ,brahmanas4 ,9 discuss+ ! savage my?s ( ! orig9 ( ! _w & ( man1 we obs]v$ t !y 7 z inconsi/5t z !y 7 fanciful4 ,among ! fancies embodi$ 9 ! my?s 0 not$ ! !ory t ! _w1 or v>i\s p>ts ( x1 _h be5 =m$ out ( ! body ( "s huge non-natural be+1 a god1 or giant1 or a memb] ( "s anci5t my/]i\s race4 ,we also not$ ! my?s ( ! orig9al union ( heav5 & e>?1 & _! viol5t sep>ation z display$ 9 ! tales ( ,greeks & ,maoris1 to :i* may be add$ ! ,acag*emem nation 9 ,cali=nia47#a7 ,ano!r feature ( savage cosmogonies1 illu/rat$ especially 9 "s e>ly ,slavonic my?s1 9 ,au/ralian leg5ds1 & 9 ! fai? ( ! ,am]ican races1 0 ! creation ( ! _w1 or ! recov]y ( a dr[n$ _w by animals1 z ! rav51 ! dove & ! coyote4 ,! hat*+ ( all ?+s out ( an egg 0 ano!r rude conception1 *iefly not$ among ! ,f9ns4 ,! ,indian =m occurs 9 ! ,satapa?a ,brahmana47#b7 ,! pres]vation ( ! human race 9 ! ,deluge1 or ! creation ( ! race aft] ! ,deluge1 0 yet ano!r detail ( savage my?ology2 & = _m ( ^! fancies we seem$ to f9d a satisfactory orig9 9 ! exce$+ly cr$ul\s & confus$ /ate ( savage philosophy & savage imag9ation4 7#a7 ,bancr(t1 v4 #afb4 7#b7 ,sacr$ ,books ( ! ,ea/1 i4 #baf4 ,! "q n[ to be ask$ is1 d ! traditions ( ! ,aryans ( ,india supply u ) my?s s closely resembl+ ! my?s ( ,nootkas1 ,maoris & ,au/ralians t we may provisionally expla9 !m z /ories orig9ally due to ! inv5tion ( savages8 ,?is "q may be answ]$ 9 ! affirmative4 ,! ,v$as1 ! ,epics & ! ,puranas conta9 a l>ge /ore ( v>i\s cosmogonic traditions z inconsi/5t z ! p>allel my?s ( savages4 ,we h an ,aryan ,ilm>951 ,tva%tri1 :o1 l ! ,f9ni% smi?1 =g$ ! iron vault ( holl[ heav5 & ! ball ( e>?47#a7 ,aga91 ! e>? is said to h sprung1 z 9 "s ,mangaian fables1 f a be+ call$ ,uttanapad47#b7 ,aga91 ,brahmanaspati1 blew ! gods =? l a blacksmi?1 & ! gods _h a h& 9 ! mak+ ( ?+s4 ,9 contra/ ) ^! *ildi% pieces ( an?ropomorphism1 we h ! fam\s & sublime speculations ( an (t5-quot$ hymn47#c7 ,x is ?us t ! poet dreams ( ! days be=e be+ & non-be+ began3-- 7#a7 ,muir1 v4 #ced4 7#b7 ,rig-,v$a1 x4 #gb1 #d4 7#c7 ,ibid41 x4 #abf4 ,!re 0 !n nei!r non-entity nor entity2 !re 0 no atmosph]e nor sky above4 ,:at envelop$ 7all78444 ,0 x wat]1 ! pr(\nd abyss8 ,dea? 0 n !n1 nor immortality3 !re 0 no di/9ction ( day or night4 ,t ,"o brea!d calmly1 self-support$2 !n 0 no?+ diff]5t f x1 or above x4 ,9 ! beg9n+ d>kness exi/$1 envelop$ 9 d>kness4 ,all ?is 0 undi/+ui%able wat]4 ,t ,"o :i* lay void & wrapp$ 9 no?+ness 0 develop$ by ! p[] ( f]v\r4 ,desire fir/ arose 9 ,x1 :i* 0 ! primal g]m ( m9d 7& :i*7 sages1 se>*+ ) _! intellect1 h discov]$ to be ! bond :i* connects entity ) non-entity4 ,! ray 7or cord7 :i* /ret*$ across ^! 7worlds71 0 x bel[ or 0 x above8 ,!re 7 !re impregnat+ p[]s & mighty =ces1 a self-support+ pr9ciple b5ea? & en]gy al(t4 ,:o kn[s8 :o "h c decl>e :5ce has sprung1 :5ce ?is creation8 ,! gods are subsequ5t to ! developm5t ( ?is 7univ]se72 :o !n kn[s :5ce x arose8 ,f :at ?is creation arose1 & :e!r 7any "o7 made x or n1 he :o 9 ! highe/ heav5 is its rul]1 he v]ily kn[s1 or 7ev57 he does n "k47#a7 7#a7 ,muir1 ,sanskrit ,texts1 #bnd edit41 v4 #ceg4 ,"h !re is a ,v$ic hymn ( ! orig9 ( ?+s1 f a book1 x is true1 suppos$ to be late1 :i* is almo/1 if n absolutely1 free f my?ological ideas4 ,! self-support+ pr9ciple b5ea? & en]gy al(t may ref]1 z ,dr4 ,muir sugge/s1 to ! fa!r1 heav5 above1 & ! "m1 e>? b5ea?4 ,! bond betwe5 entity & non-entity is s\ght 9 a fav\rite idea ( ! ,indian philosoph]s1 t ( tapas or f]v\r4 ,! o!r speculations rem9d u1 ?\gh !y are mu* m re/ra9$ & temp]ate 9 "*1 ( ! metaphysical *ants ( ! ,new ,zeal& prie/s1 ( ! ,zunis1 ( ,popol ,vuh1 & s on4 ,^! belong to v e>ly culture4 ,:at is ! relative age ( ?is hymn8 ,if x c\ld be prov$ to be ! olde/ 9 ! ,v$a1 x w\ld demon/rate no m ?an ?is1 t 9 "t exce$+ly remote ! ,aryans ( ,india possess$ a philosoph]1 p]haps a s*ool ( philosoph]s1 :o appli$ ! m9ds to ab/ract speculations on ! orig9 ( ?+s4 ,x c\ld n prove t my?ological speculations _h n prec$$ ! attempts ( a pur] philosophy4 ,b ! date _c be asc]ta9$4 ,mr4 ,max ,mull] _c g f>!r ?an ! sugge/ion t ! hymn is an expression ( ! p]5nis qua$am philosophia ( ,leibnitz4 ,we are also w>n$ t a hymn is n necess>ily mod]n because x is philosophical47#a7 ,c]ta9ly t is true2 ! ,zunis1 ,maoris1 & ,mangaians exhibit amaz+ p[]s ( ab/ract ?\ght4 ,we are n conc]n$ to %[ t ?is hymn is late2 b x seems almo/ sup]flu\s to rem>k t ideas l ^? :i* x conta9s c sc>cely be accept$ z express+ man's e>lie/ !ory ( ! orig9 ( all ?+s4 ,we turn f su* ideas to ^? :i* ! ,aryans ( ,india h 9 common ) black m5 & r$ m51 ) f>-(f ,f9ns & ,sc&9avians1 ,*aldaeans1 ,haidahs1 ,*]okees1 ,murri & ,maori1 ,mangaians & ,egyptians4 7#a7 ,hi/ory ( ,sanskrit ,lit]ature1 p4 #efh4 ,! next ,v$ic acc\nt ( creation :i* we propose to consid] is z remote z possible 9 "* f ! sublime philosophic poem4 ,9 ! ,puru%a ,sukta1 ! n9etie? hymn ( ! t5? book ( ! ,rig-,v$a ,sanhita1 we h a description ( ! creation ( all ?+s out ( ! sev]$ limbs ( a magnifi$ non-natural man1 ,puru%a4 ,?is conception is ( c\rse t :i* occurs 9 ! ,norse my?s ( ! r5t body ( ,ymir4 ,borr's sons took ! body ( ! ,giant ,ymir & ( 8 fle% =m$ ! e>?1 ( 8 blood seas & wat]s1 ( 8 bones m\nta9s1 ( 8 tee? rocks & /ones1 ( 8 hair all mann] ( plants1 ( 8 skull ! firmam5t1 ( 8 bra9s ! cl\ds1 & s =?4 ,9 ,*aldean /ory1 ,bel cuts 9 twa9 ! magnifi$ non-natural woman ,omorca1 & conv]ts ! halves ( h] body into heav5 & e>?4 ,among ! ,iroquois 9 ,nor? ,am]ica1 ,*okanipok 0 ! giant ^: limbs1 bones & blood furni%$ ! raw mat]ial ( _m natural objects2 :ile 9 ,mangaia portions ( ,ru1 9 ,egypt ( ,set & ,osiris1 9 ,greece ( ,dionysus ,zagreus 7 us$ 9 creat+ v>i\s ?+s1 su* z /ones1 plants & metals4 ,! same ideas precisely are f\nd 9 ! n9etie? hymn ( ! t5? book ( ! ,rig-,v$a4 ,yet x is a s+ul> ?+ t1 9 all ! discussions z to ! antiquity & significance ( ?is hymn :i* h come "u our notice1 !re has n be5 "o s+le ref]5ce made to p>allel leg5ds among ,aryan or non-,aryan peoples4 ,9 accordance ) ! g5]al pr9ciples :i* guide u 9 ?is "w1 we are incl9$ to reg>d any ideas :i* are at once rude 9 "* & widely di/ribut$1 bo? among civilis$ & uncivilis$ races1 z extremely old1 :atev] may be ! age ( ! lit]>y =m 9 :i* !y are pres5t$4 ,b ! curr5t ( le>n$ op9ions z to ! date ( ! ,puru%a ,sukta1 ! ,v$ic hymn ab\t ! sacrifice ( ,puru%a & ! creation ( ! _w out ( fragm5ts ( 8 body1 runs 9 ! opposite direction4 ,! hymn is n reg>d$ z v anci5t by mo/ ,sanskrit s*ol>s4 ,we %all n[ quote ! hymn1 :i* conta9s ! data on :i* any !ory z to its age mu/ be f\nd$3--7#a7 7#a7 ,rig-,v$a1 x4 #ij2 ,muir1 ,sanskrit ,texts1 #bnd edit41 i4 #i4 ,puru%a has a ?\s& heads1 a ?\s& eyes1 a ?\s& feet4 ,on e side envelop+ ! e>?1 he ov]pass$ 7x7 by a space ( t5 f+]s4 ,puru%a himself is ?is :ole 7univ]se71 :atev] is & :atev] %all be4444 ,:5 ! gods p]=m$ a sacrifice ) ,puru%a z ! oblation1 ! spr+ 0 its butt]1 ! summ] its fuel1 & ! autumn its 7accompany+7 (f]+4 ,?is victim1 ,puru%a1 born 9 ! beg9n+1 !y immolat$ on ! sacrificial grass4 ,) him ! gods1 ! ,sadhyas1 & ! ,ri%is sacrific$4 ,f t univ]sal sacrifice 7 provid$ curds & butt]4 ,x =m$ ^? a]ial 7creatures7 & animals bo? wild & tame4 ,f t univ]sal sacrifice sprang ! ,ric & ,saman v]ses1 ! metres & ,yaju%4 ,f x sprang horses1 & all animals ) two r[s ( tee?2 k9e sprang f x2 f x goats & %eep4 ,:5 7! gods7 divid$ ,puru%a1 into h[ _m p>ts did !y cut him up8 ,:at 0 8 m\?8 ,:at arms 7_h he78 ,:at 7two objects7 are said 7to h be57 8 ?ighs & feet8 ,! ,brahman 0 8 m\?2 ! ,rajanya 0 made 8 arms2 ! be+ 7call$7 ! ,vaisya1 he 0 8 ?ighs2 ! ,sudra sprang f 8 feet4 ,! moon sprang f 8 s\l 7,mahas71 ! sun f 8 eye1 ,indra & ,agni f 8 m\?1 & ,yaiyu f 8 brea?4 ,f 8 navel arose ! air1 f 8 head ! sky1 f 8 feet ! e>?1 f 8 e> ! 7f\r7 qu>t]s2 9 ?is mann] 7! gods7 =m$ ! _w4 ,:5 ! gods1 p]=m+ sacrifice1 b\nd ,puru%a z a victim1 !re 7 sev5 /icks 7/uck up7 = x 7ar\nd ! fire71 & ?rice sev5 pieces ( fuel 7 made4 ,) sacrifice ! gods p]=m$ ! sacrifice4 ,^! 7 ! e>lie/ rites4 ,^! great p[]s h s\ght ! sky1 :]e are ! =m] ,sadhyas1 gods4 ,! my? "h /at$ is pla9 en\gh 9 its ess5tial facts4 ,! gods p]=m$ a sacrifice ) a gigantic an?ropomorphic be+ 7,puru%a ,man7 z ! victim4 ,sacrifice is n f\nd1 z a rule1 9 ! religi\s ( ! mo/ backw>d races ( all2 x is1 relatively1 an innovation1 z %all be %[n lat]4 ,8 head1 l ! head ( ,ymir1 =m$ ! sky1 8 eye ! sun1 animals sprang f 8 body4 ,! f\r ca/es are connect$ )1 & x appe>s to be impli$ t !y sprang f1 8 m\?1 arms1 ?ighs & feet4 ,x is obvi\s t ?is la/ "p ( ! my? is subsequ5t to ! =mation ( ca/es4 ,?is is "o ( ! *ief argum5ts = ! late date ( ! hymn1 z ca/es are n di/9ctly recognis$ else:]e 9 ! ,rig-,v$a4 ,mr4 ,max ,mull]7#a7 believes ! hymn to be mod]n bo? 9 its "* & 9 its diction1 & ?is op9ion he supports by philological argum5ts4 ,dr4 ,muir7#b7 says t ! hymn has e "* ( mod]nness bo? 9 its diction & ideas4 ,dr ,haug1 on ! o!r h&17#c7 9 a pap] read 9 #ahga1 admits t ! pres5t =m ( ! hymn is n old] ?an ! great] "p ( ! hymns ( ! t5? book1 & ?an ^? ( ! ,a?>va ,v$a2 b he adds1 ,! ideas :i* ! hymn conta9s are c]ta9ly ( a primeval antiquity4444 ,9 fact1 ! hymn is f\nd 9 ! ,yajur-,v$a among ! =mulas connect$ ) human sacrifices1 :i* 7 =m]ly practis$ 9 ,india4 ,we h expressly decl9$ to speak ab\t primeval antiquity1 z we h sc>cely any evid5ce z to ! my?s & m5tal condition = example1 ev5 ( palaeoli?ic man2 b we may s f> agree ) ,dr4 ,haug z to affirm t ! fundam5tal idea ( ! ,puru%a ,sukta1 namely1 ! creation ( ! _w or portions ( ! _w out ( ! fragm5ts ( a fabul\s an?ropomorphic be+ is common to ,*aldeans1 ,iroquois1 ,egyptians1 ,greeks1 ,t9nehs1 ,mangaians & ,aryan ,indians4 ,?is is presumptive pro( ( ! antiquity ( ! ideas :i* ,dr4 ,muir & ,mr4 ,max ,mull] ?9k relatively mod]n4 ,! savage & brutal "* ( ! inv5tion ne$s no demon/ration4 ,among v l[ savages1 = example1 ! ,t9nehs ( ,briti% ,nor? ,am]ica1 n a man1 n a god1 b a ,,dog1 is torn up1 & ! fragm5ts are made into animals47#d7 ,on ! ,pal\re ,riv] a beav] suff]s 9 ! mann] ( ,puru%a4 ,we may1 = ^! reasons1 reg>d ! *ief idea ( ! my? z extremely anci5t--inf9itely m anci5t ?an ! diction ( ! hymn4 7#a7 ,anci5t ,sanskrit ,lit]ature1 #egj4 7#b7 ,sanskrit ,texts1 #bnd edit41 i4 #ab4 7#c7 ,sanskrit ,text1 #bnd edit41 ii4 #dfc4 7#d7 ,he>ne's ,j\rney1 pp4 #cdb-cdc4 ,z to ! m5tion ( ! ca/es1 suppos$ to be a comp>atively mod]n in/itution1 t is n an ess5tial "p ( ! leg5d4 ,:5 ! idea ( creation out ( a liv+ be+ 0 once receiv$ x 0 easy to ext5d ! conception to any in/itution1 ( :i* ! orig9 0 =gott54 ,! ,teutonic race _h a my? :i* expla9$ ! orig9 ( ! classes eorl1 ceorl & ?rall 7e>l1 *url & slave74 ,a ,s\? ,am]ican p1 to expla9 ! diff]5t ranks 9 society1 hit on ! v my? ( ,plato1 ! leg5d ( gold51 silv] & copp] races1 f :i* ! ranks ( society h desc5d$4 ,! ,v$ic poet1 9 our op9ion1 m]ely ext5d$ to ! in/itution ( ca/e a my? :i* _h already expla9$ ! orig9 ( ! sun1 ! firmam5t1 animals1 & s =?1 on ! usual l9es ( savage ?\ght4 ,! ,puru%a ,sukta is ! type ( _m o!r ,indian my?s ( creation1 ( :i* ! foll[+7#a7 "o is extremely notewor?y4 ,prajapati desir$ to propagate4 ,he =m$ ! ,trivrit 7/oma7 f 8 m\?4 ,aft] x 7 produc$ ! deity ,agni1 ! metre ,gayatri1444 ( m5 ! ,brahman1 ( bea/s ! goat2444 f 8 brea/1 & f 8 arms he =m$ ! ,pan*adasa 7/oma74 ,aft] x 7 creat$ ! ,god ,indra1 ! ,tri%tubh metre1444 ( m5 ! ,rajanya1 ( bea/s ! %eep4 ,h5ce !y are vigor\s1 because !y 7 creat$ f vig\r4 ,f 8 middle he =m$ ! ,saptadasa 7/oma74 ,aft] x 7 creat$ ! gods call$ ! ,yisvadevas1 ! ,jagati metre1444 ( m5 ! ,vaisya1 ( bea/s k9e4 ,h5ce !y are to be eat51 because !y 7 creat$ f ! receptacle ( food4 ,! =m 9 :i* we receive ?is my? is obvi\sly lat] ?an ! in/itution ( ca/e & ! te*nical names = metres4 ,yet surely any /atem5t t k9e are to be eat5 mu/ be old] ?an ! univ]sal prohibition to eat t sacr$ animal ! c[4 ,possibly we might argue t :5 ?is !ory ( creation 0 fir/ promulgat$1 goats & %eep 7 =bidd5 food47#b7 7#a7 ,taittirya ,sanhita1 or ,yajur-,v$a1 vii4 i4 #a-d2 ,muir1 #bnd edit41 i4 #ae4 7#b7 ,mr4 ,m',l5nan has drawn "s s+ul> inf]5ces f ?is passage1 connect+1 z x does1 c]ta9 gods & c]ta9 classes ( m5 ) c]ta9 animals1 9 a mann] some:at sugge/ive ( totemism 7,=nightly ,review71 ,febru>y1 #ahgj4 ,turn+ f ! ,v$as to ! ,brahmanas1 we f9d a curi\sly savage my? ( ! orig9 ( species47#a7 ,accord+ to ?is passage ( ! ,brahmana1 ?is univ]se 0 =m]ly s\l only1 9 ! =m ( ,puru%a4 ,he caus$ himself to fall asund] into two p>ts4 ,!nce arose a husb& & a wife4 ,he cohabit$ ) h]2 f !m m5 7 born4 ,%e reflect$1 ',h[ does he1 aft] hav+ produc$ me f himself1 cohabit ) me8 ,ah1 let me disappe>4' ,%e became a c[1 & ! o!r a bull1 & he cohabit$ ) h]4 ,f !m k9e 7 produc$4 ,aft] a s]ies ( simil> metamorphoses ( ! female into all animal %apes1 & a simil> s]ies ( pursuits by ! male 9 appropriate =m1 9 ?is mann] pairs ( all sorts ( creatures d[n to ants 7 creat$4 ,?is my? is a p>allel to ! v>i\s ,greek leg5ds ab\t ! am\rs 9 be/ial =m ( ,zeus1 ,nemesis1 ,cronus1 ,demet] & o!r gods & goddesses4 ,9 ! ,brahmanas ?is my? is an explanation ( ! orig9 ( species1 & su* an explanation z c\ld sc>cely h occurr$ to a civilis$ m9d4 ,9 o!r my?s 9 ! ,brahmanas1 ,prajapati creates m5 f 8 body1 or r ! fluid ( 8 body becomes a tortoise1 ! tortoise becomes a man 7puru%a71 ) simil> examples ( speculation47#b7 7#a7 ,satapa?a ,brahmana1 xiv4 #d1 #b2 ,muir1 #bnd edit41 i4 #be4 7#b7 ,simil> tales are f\nd among ! ,khonds4 ,among all ^! ,brahmana my?s ( ! "p tak5 by ,prajapati 9 ! creation or evok+ ( ?+s1 ! "q arises :o ,,0 ,prajapati8 ,8 role is t ( ! great ,h>e 9 ,am]ican my?2 he is a k9d ( demiurge1 & 8 "n means ,! ,ma/] ( ,?+s ,creat$1 l ! ,au/ralian ,biamban1 ,ma/]1 & ! ,am]ican title ( ! *ief ,manit\1 ,ma/] ( ,life17#a7 ,dr4 ,muir rem>ks t1 z ! ,v$ic m9d advances f m]e div9e be+s :o reside & op]ate 9 fire 7,agni71 dwell & %9e 9 ! sun 7,surya71 or 9 ! atmosph]e 7,indra71 t[>ds a conception ( deity1 ! f>!r /ep w\ld be tak5 ( speak+ ( ! deity "u su* new names z ,visvak>man & ,prajapati4 ,^! are appellatives :i* d n designate any limit$ functions connect$ ) any s+le dep>tm5t ( ,nature1 b ! m g5]al & ab/ract notions ( div9e p[] op]at+ 9 ! production & gov]nm5t ( ! univ]se4 ,n[ ! int]e/+ po9t is t r\nd ?is new & ab/ract ,,"n gravitate ! mo/ savage & crude/ my?s1 exactly ! my?s we meet among ,hott5tots & ,nootkas4 ,= example1 among ! ,hott5tots x is ,heitsi ,eibib1 among ! ,hu>o*iri ,indians x is ,uiraco*a1 :o conf]s1 by curse or bless+1 on ! animals _! prop] attributes & *>act]i/ics47#b7 ,9 ! ,satapa?a ,brahmana x is ,prajapati :o takes ?is "p1 t falls to rude culture-h]oes ( ,hott5tots & ,hu>o*iris47#c7 ,h[ ,prajapati made exp]im5ts 9 a k9d ( /ate-aid$ evolution1 s to speak1 or evolution sup]9t5d$ & assi/$ f above1 w pres5tly be set =?4 7#a7 ,b]gaigne1 iii4 #dj4 7#b7 ,avila1 ,fables ( ! ,yncas1 p4 #abg4 7#c7 ,engli% translation1 ii4 #cfa4 ,9 ! ,puranas creation is a process r5ew$ aft] ea* kalpa1 or va/ mundane p]iod4 ,brahma awakes f 8 slumb]1 & f9ds ! _w a wa/e ( wat]4 ,!n1 j z 9 ! ,am]ican my?s ( ! coyote1 & ! ,slavonic my?s ( ! devil & ! doves1 a bo> or a fi% or a tortoise fi%es up ! _w out ( ! wat]s4 ,t bo>1 fi%1 tortoise1 or :at n1 is ,brahma or ,vi%nu4 ,?is savage conception ( ! beg9n+s ( creation 9 ! act ( a tortoise1 fi%1 or bo> is n fir/ f\nd 9 ! ,puranas1 z ,mr4 ,muir po9ts out1 b is indicat$ 9 ! ,black ,yajur ,v$a & 9 ! ,satapa?a ,brahmana47#a7 ,9 ! ,satapa?a ,brahmana1 xiv4 #a1 #b1 #aa1 we discov] ! idea1 s common 9 savage my?s--= example1 9 t ( ! ,navajoes--t ! e>? 0 at fir/ v small1 a m]e pat*1 & grew bigg] aft] ! animal fi%$ x up4 ,=m]ly ?is e>? 0 only s l>ge1 ( ! size ( a span4 ,a bo> call$ ,emu%a rais$ h] up4 ,"h ! bo> makes no pret5ce ( be+ ! inc>nation ( a god1 b is a m]e bo> sans phrase1 l ! creative coyote ( ! ,papogas & ,*9ooks1 or ! musk-rat ( ! ,tacullies4 ,?is is a good example ( ! developm5t ( my?s4 ,savages beg91 z we saw1 by my?ically reg>d+ v>i\s animals1 spid]s1 gras%opp]s1 rav5s1 eagles1 cockatoos1 z ! creators or recov]]s ( ! _w4 ,z civilisation advances1 ^? animals /ill p]=m _! b5efic5t functions1 b are look$ on z gods 9 disguise4 ,9 "t ! animals are (t5 dropp$ altoge!r1 ?\gh !y hold _! place ) great t5acity 9 ! cosmogonic traditions ( ! ,aryans 9 ,india4 ,:5 we f9d ! ,satapa?a ,brahmana alleg+7#b7 t all creatures are desc5d$ f a tortoise1 we seem to be among ! rude ,indians ( ! ,pacific ,coa/4 ,b :5 ! tortoise is id5tifi$ ) ,aditya1 & :5 ,adityas prove to be sol> deities1 sons ( ,aditi1 & :5 ,aditi is recognis$ by ,mr4 ,mull] z ! ,dawn1 we see t ! ,aryan m9d has n be5 idle1 b has add$ a good deal to ! savage idea ( ! desc5t ( m5 & bea/s f a tortoise47#c7 7#a7 ,muir1 #bnd edit41 vol4 i4 p4 #eb4 7#b7 ,muir1 #bnd edit41 vol4 i4 p4 #ed4 7#c7 ,see ,t]naux ,compans' ,n\velles ,annales des ,voyages1 lxxxvi4 p4 #e4 ,= ,mexican traditions1 ,mexican & ,au/ralian ,hurricane ,_w's ,end1 ,bancr(t1 v4 #fd4 ,ano!r feature ( savage my?s ( creation we f\nd to be ! introduction ( a crude !ory ( evolution4 ,we saw t among ! ,potoyante tribe ( ! ,digg] ,indians1 & among c]ta9 ,au/ralian tribes1 m5 & bea/s 7 suppos$ to h be5 sl[ly evolv$ & improv$ out ( ! =ms fir/ ( reptiles & !n ( quadrup$s4 ,9 ! my?ologies ( ! m civilis$ ,s\? ,am]ican races1 ! idea ( ! survival ( ! fitte/ 0 o!rwise express$4 ,! gods made sev]al attempts at creation1 & ea* set ( creat$ be+s prov+ 9 "o way or o!r unsuit$ to its environm5t1 0 p]mitt$ to die out or deg5]at$ into apes1 & 0 succe$$ by a set bett] adapt$ = survival47#a7 ,9 mu* ! same way ! ,satapa?a ,brahmana7#b7 repres5ts mammals z ! la/ result ( a s]ies ( creative exp]im5ts4 ,prajapati creat$ liv+ be+s1 :i* p]i%$ = want ( food4 ,birds & s]p5ts p]i%$ ?us4 ,prajapati reflect$1 ',h[ is x t my creatures p]i% aft] hav+ be5 =m$8' ,he p]ceiv$ ?is3 ',!y p]i% f want ( food'4 ,9 8 own pres5ce he caus$ milk to be suppli$ to brea/s4 ,he creat$ liv+ be+s1 :i*1 resort+ to ! brea/s1 7 ?us pres]v$4 ,^! are ! creatures :i* did n p]i%4 7#a7 ,?is my? is f\nd 9 ,popol ,vuh4 ,a ,*9ook my? ( ! same sort1 ,bancr(t1 v4 #ie4 7#b7 ii4 #e1 #aa2 ,muir1 #bnd edit41 i4 #gj4 ,! common my? :i* d]ives ! _w f a great egg--! my? p]haps mo/ famili> 9 its ,f9ni% %ape--is f\nd 9 ! ,satapa?a ,brahmana47#a7 ,9 ! beg9n+ ?is univ]se 0 wat]s1 no?+ b wat]s4 ,! wat]s desir$3 ',h[ c we be reproduc$8' ,s say+1 !y toil$1 !y p]=m$ au/]ity4 ,:ile !y 7 p]=m+ au/]ity1 a gold5 egg came into exi/5ce4 ,x !n became a ye>4444 ,f x 9 a ye> a man came into exi/5ce1 :o 0 ,prajapati4444 ,he conceiv$ prog5y 9 himself2 ) 8 m\? he creat$ ! gods4 ,accord+ to ano!r text17#b7 ,prajapati took ! =m ( a tortoise4 ,! tortoise is ! same z ,aditya47#c7 7#a7 xi4 #a1 #f1 #a2 ,muir1 ,j\rnal ( ,royal ,asiatic ,society1 #ahfc4 7#b7 ,satapa?a ,brahmana1 vii4 #d1 #c1 #e4 7#c7 ,ait>eya ,brahmana1 iii4 #cd 7#aa1 #bai71 a v discr$itable orig9 ( species4 ,x is n[ "t to exam9e ! ,aryan %ape ( ! widely spread my? ab\t ! m>riage ( heav5 & e>?1 & ! =tunes ( _! *ildr54 ,we h already se5 t 9 ,new ,zeal& heav5 & e>? 7 reg>d$ z real p]sons1 ( bodily p>ts & passions1 unit$ 9 a secul> embrace4 ,we %all apply ! same explanation to ! ,greek my? ( ,gaea & ( ! mutilation ( ,cronus4 ,9 ,india1 ,dyaus 7heav57 answ]s to ! ,greek ,uranus & ! ,maori ,rangi1 :ile ,pri?ivi 7e>?7 is ! ,greek ,gaea1 ! ,maori ,papa4 ,9 ! ,v$a1 heav5 & e>? are con/antly /yl$ p>5ts27#a7 b ?is we might reg>d z a m]e metaphorical expression1 /ill common 9 poetry4 ,a passage ( ! ,ait>eya ,brahmana1 h[ev]1 reta9s ! old conception1 9 :i* !re 0 no?+ metaphorical at all47#b7 ,^! two worlds1 heav5 & e>?1 7 once jo9$4 ,subsequ5tly !y 7 sep>at$ 7accord+ to "o acc\nt1 by ,indra1 :o ?us plays ! "p ( ,cronus & ( ,tane ,mahuta74 ,heav5 & e>?1 says ,dr4 ,muir1 are reg>d$ z ! p>5ts n only ( m51 b ( ! gods also1 z appe>s f ! v>i\s texts :]e !y are designat$ by ! epi!t ,devapatre1 'hav+ gods = _! *ildr5'4 ,by m5 9 an e>ly /age ( ?\ght ?is my? 0 accept$ along ) o!rs 9 :i* heav5 & e>? 7 reg>d$ z objects creat$ by "o ( _! own *ildr51 z by ,indra17#c7 :o /ret*$ !m out l a hide1 :o1 l ,atlas1 su/a9s & upholds !m7#d7 or1 aga91 ,tva%tri1 ! div9e smi?1 wr\ght !m by 8 craft2 or1 once m1 heav5 & e>? sprung f ! head & feet ( ,puru%a4 ,9 %ort1 if any "o wi%$ to give an example ( t recklessness ( or?odoxy or consi/5cy :i* is ! m>k ( e>ly my?1 he c\ld f9d no bett] example ?an ! ,indian leg5ds ( ! orig9 ( ?+s4 ,p]haps !re is n "o ( ! my?s curr5t among ! l[] races :i* has n its c\nt]p>t 9 ! ,indian ,brahmanas4 ,x has be5 en\gh = u to give a selection ( examples4 7#a7 ,muir1 v4 #bb4 7#b7 iv4 #bg2 ,haug1 ii4 #cjh4 7#c7 ,rig-,v$a1 viii4 #f1 #e4 7#d7 ,ibid41 iii4 #cb1 #h4 ,,*apt] ,,ix4 ,,greek ,,my?s ,,( ,,! ,,orig9 ,,( ,,! ,,_w ,,& ,,man4 ,! ,greeks practically civilis$ :5 we fir/ meet !m 9 ,hom]--,_! my?ology1 h[ev]1 is full ( repulsive features--,! hypo!sis t _m ( ^! are savage survivals--,are !re o!r examples ( su* survival 9 ,greek life & in/itutions8--,greek op9ion 0 con/ant t ! race _h be5 savage--,illu/rations ( savage survival f ,greek law ( homicide1 f magic1 religion1 human sacrifice1 religi\s art1 traces ( totemism1 & f ! my/]ies--,conclusion3 t savage survival may also be expect$ 9 ,greek my?s4 ,! ,greeks1 :5 we fir/ make _! acqua9tance 9 ! ,hom]ic poems1 7 a cultivat$ p1 dwell+1 "u ! gov]nm5t ( royal families1 9 small city /ates4 ,?is social condition !y mu/ h atta9$ by #ajjj ,b4,c41 & probably mu* e>li]4 ,!y _h already a long settl$ pa/ beh9d !m1 & _h no recollection ( any national migration f ! cradle ( ! ,aryan race4 ,on ! o!r h&1 _m tribes ?\ght !mselves e>?-born f ! soil ( ! place :]e !y 7 settl$4 ,! ,maori traditions prove t memories ( a national migration may p]si/ = sev]al hundr$ ye>s among m5 ignorant ( writ+4 ,greek leg5d1 among a f> m civilis$ race1 only spoke ( occasional =eign settl]s f ,sidon1 ,lydia1 or ,egypt4 ,! ,hom]ic ,greeks 7 well acqua9t$ ) almo/ all ! arts ( life1 ?\gh x is n absolutely c]ta9 t !y c\ld write1 & c]ta9ly !y 7 n addict$ to read+4 ,9 w> !y f\ght f *>iots1 l ! ,egyptians & ,assyrians2 !y 7 bold seaf>]s1 be+ accu/om$ to h>ry ! %ores ev5 ( ,egypt1 & !y _h l>ge comm]cial deal+s ) ! p ( ,tyre & ,sidon4 ,9 ! matt] ( religion !y 7 comp>atively free & unre/ra9$4 ,_! deities1 ?\gh1 9 my?1 caprici\s 9 "*1 might be reg>d$ 9 _m ways z mak+ = righte\sness4 ,!y protect$ ! /rang] & ! suppliant2 !y sanction$ ! oa?1 !y fr[n$ on ! use ( poison$ arr[s2 m>riage & dome/ic life 7 gu>d$ by _! good-w2 !y disp5s$ good & evil =tune1 to be accept$ ) humility & resignation among mortals4 ,! patri>*al head ( ea* family p]=m$ ! sacrifices = 8 h\sehold1 ! k+ = ! /ate1 ! rul] ( ,myc5ae1 ,agamemnon1 = ! :ole ,a*aean ho/ encamp$ be=e ! walls ( ,troy4 ,at ! same "t1 prophets1 l ,cal*as1 possess$ consid]able influ5ce1 due p>tly to an h]$it>y gift ( second-sight1 z 9 ! case ( ,!oclym5us17#a7 p>tly to acquir$ pr(essional skill 9 obs]v+ om5s1 p>tly to ! direct inspiration ( ! gods4 ,! oracle at ,delphi1 or1 z x is call$ by ,hom]1 ,py?o1 0 already fam\s1 & religion recognis$1 9 v>i\s degrees1 all ! gods famili> to ! lat] cult ( ,hellas4 ,9 a p s advanc$1 s mu* 9 contact ) =eign races & =eign ideas1 & s wond]fully gift$ by nature ) ke5 intellect & p]fect ta/e1 x is natural to expect1 if any:]e1 a my?ology almo/ free f repulsive elem5ts1 & almo/ purg$ ( all t we reg>d z survivals f ! condition ( savag]y4 ,b :ile ,greek my?ology is ri*] f> ?an any o!r 9 beautiful leg5d1 & is ?rong$ ) lovely & maje/ic =ms ( gods & goddesses1 nymphs & oreads ideally fair1 none ! less a v l>ge proportion ( its leg5ds is practically on a level ) ! my?s ( ,maoris1 ,?l9keets1 ,cahrocs & ,bu%m54 7#a7 ,odyssey1 xx4 #ced4 ,?is is ! "p ( ,greek my?ology :i* has at all times excit$ mo/ curiosity1 & has be5 made ! subject ( _m sy/ems ( int]pretation4 ,! ,greeks !mselves1 f almo/ ! e>lie/ hi/orical ages1 7 deeply conc]n$ ei!r to veil or expla9 away ! blasphem\s horrors ( _! own sacr$ *apt]s1 poetic traditions & temple leg5ds4 ,we endeav\r to acc\nt = ^! z relics ( an age ( b>b>ism ly+ v f> beh9d ! "t ( ,hom]--an age :5 ! ance/ors ( ! ,greeks ei!r borr[$1 or m probably develop$ = !mselves1 ! k9d ( my?s by :i* savage peoples endeav\r to expla9 ! nature & orig9 ( ! _w & all ph5om5a4 ,! correctness ( ?is explanation1 re/+ z x does on ! belief t ! ,greeks 7 at "o "t 9 ! savage /atus1 might be demon/rat$ f ! fact t n only my?s1 b ,greek life 9 g5]al1 & especially ,greek ritual1 teem$ ) surviv+ examples ( in/itutions & ( mann]s :i* are f\nd ev]y:]e among ! mo/ backw>d & b>b>\s races4 ,x is n z if only ! my?s ( ,greece reta9$ ?is rud5ess1 or z if ! ,greeks suppos$ !mselves to h be5 always civilis$4 ,! :ole ( ,greek life yields relics ( savag]y :5 ! surface is excavat$ ev] s slightly4 ,moreov]1 t ! ,greeks1 z soon z !y came to reflect on ^! matt]s at all1 believ$ !mselves to h em]g$ f a condition ( savag]y is und5iable4 ,! poets are entirely at "o on ?is subject ) ,mos*ion1 a writ] ( ! s*ool ( ,euripides4 ,! "t ha? be51 yea1 x ,,ha? be51 he says1 :5 m5 liv$ l ! bea/s1 dwell+ 9 m\nta9 caves1 & clefts unvisit$ ( ! sun4444 ,!n !y broke n ! soil ) pl\ghs nor by aid ( iron1 b ! weak] man 0 sla9 to make ! supp] ( ! /rong]1 & s on47#a7 ,?is view ( ! savage orig9 ( mank9d 0 also held by ,ari/otle37#b7 ,x is probable t ! fir/ m51 :e!r !y 7 produc$ by ! e>? 7e>?-born7 or surviv$ f "s deluge1 7 on a level ( ignorance & d>kness47#c7 ,?is op9ion1 consci\sly held & /at$ by philosoph]s & poets1 reveals itself also 9 ! univ]sal popul> ,greek traditions t m5 7 orig9ally ignorant ( fire1 agriculture1 metallurgy & all ! o!r arts & conv5i5ces ( life1 till !y 7 in/ruct$ by ideal culture-h]oes1 l ,prome!us1 memb]s ( a race div9e or half div9e4 ,a /ill m curi\s ,a!nian tradition 7pres]v$ by ,v>ro7 ma9ta9$1 n only t m>riage 0 orig9ally unkn[n1 b t1 z among ,au/ralians & "s ,r$ ,indians1 ! family "n1 desc5d$ ?r\gh ! "m1 & k9%ip 0 reckon$ on ! female side be=e ! "t ( ,cecrops47#d7 7#a7 ,mos*ion2 cf4 ,prell]1 ,ausgewahlte ,aufsatze1 p4 #bjf4 7#b7 ,politics1 ii4 #h-ba2 ,plato1 ,laws1 #ffg-fhj4 7#c7 ,comp>e ,horace1 ,satires1 i4 #c1 #ii2 ,lucretius1 v4 #ibc4 7#d7 ,suidas1 s4v4 ,prome!us2 ,augu/9e1 ,de ,civitate ,dei1 xviii4 #i4 ,:ile ,greek op9ion1 bo? popul> & philosophical1 admitt$1 or r ass]t$1 t savag]y lay 9 ! backgr\nd ( ! hi/orical prospect1 ,greek in/itutions reta9$ a ?\s& bir?-m>ks ( savag]y4 ,x is manife/ & und5iable t ! ,greek crim9al law1 z f> z x effect$ murd]1 sprang directly f ! old savage blood-feud47#a7 ,! ,a!nian law 0 a civilis$ modification ( ! savage rule t ! k9dr$ ( a sla9 man take up 8 blood-feud4 ,:]e homicide 0 committ$ ,,)9 ! circle ( blood relation%ip1 z by ,ore/es1 ,greek religion provid$ ! ,er9nyes to puni% an (f5ce :i* _h1 z x 71 no human av5g]4 ,! precautions tak5 by murd]]s to lay ! gho/ ( ! sla9 man 7 mu* l ^? 9 fav\r among ! ,au/ralians4 ,! ,greek cut (f ! extremities ( 8 victim1 ! tips ( ! h&s & feet1 & dispos$ !m neatly b5ea? ! arm-pits ( ! sla9 man47#b7 ,9 ! same _s1 & = ! same purpose1 ! ,au/ralian black cuts (f ! ?umbs ( 8 dead enemy1 t ! gho/ too may be mutilat$ & prev5t$ f ?r[+ at him ) a gho/ly spe>4 ,we le>n also f ,apollonius ,rhodius & 8 s*olia/ t ,greek murd]]s us$ ?rice to suck 9 & spit out ! gore ( _! victims1 p]haps ) "s idea ( !reby p>tak+ ( _! blood1 & s1 by becom+ memb]s ( _! k91 putt+ x beyond ! p[] ( ! gho/s to av5ge !mselves4 ,simil> ideas inspire ! worldwide savage cu/om ( mak+ an artificial blood bro!rhood by m+l+ ! blood ( ! contract+ p>ties4 ,z to ! c]emonies ( cleans+ f blood-guilt9ess among ! ,greeks1 we may conjecture t ^! too _h _! primitive side2 = ,ore/es1 9 ! ,eum5ides1 ma9ta9s t he has be5 purifi$ ( 8 "m's slaught] by suffici5t blood ( sw9e4 ,b ?is po9t w be illu/rat$ pres5tly1 :5 we t\* on ! my/]ies4 7#a7 ,dunck]1 ,hi/ory ( ,greece1 ,engl4 transl41 vol4 ii4 p4 #abi4 7#b7 ,see ,arm-pitt+ 9 ,anci5t ,greece1 9 ! ,am]ican ,j\rnal ( ,philology1 ,octob]1 #ahhe1 :]e a discussion ( ! famili> texts 9 ,aes*ylus & ,apollonius ,rhodius w be f\nd4 ,ritual & my?1 z might be expect$1 reta9$ va/ masses ( savage rites & sup]/iti\s habits & cu/oms4 ,to be 9 all ?+s too sup]/iti\s1 too full ( deisidaimonia1 0 ev5 9 ,/4 ,paul's "t ! *>act]i/ic ( ! ,a!nians4 ,n[ sup]/ition1 or deisidaimonia1 is def9$ by ,!ophra/us17#a7 z c[>dice 9 reg>d to ! sup]natural 77,greek text omitt$774 ,?is c[>dice has 9 all ages & c\ntries secur$ ! p]man5ce ( ritual & religi\s traditions4 ,m5 h always argu$1 l "o ( ! p]sons 9 ,m4 ,r5an's play1 ,le ,pretre de ,nemi1 t l'ordre du monde dep5d de l'ordre des rites qu'on obs]ve4 ,! famili> endurable sequ5ce ( ! seasons ( spr+1 & se$-s[+1 & h>ve/ dep5d ^u ! due p]=mance ( immemorial religi\s acts4 ,9 ! my/ic deposits1 says ,d9>*us1 lies ! safety ( ! city47#b7 ,:at ! my/ic deposits 7 nobody kn[s = c]ta91 b !y mu/ h be5 ( v ar*aic sanctity1 & occur among ! ,arunta & ! ,pawnees4 7#a7 ,*>act]s4 7#b7 ,ap4 ,h]mann1 ,lehrbu*1 p4 #da2 ,aglaophamus1 #ife4 ,ritual is pres]v$ because x pres]ves ,,luck4 ,n only among ! ,romans & ! ,brahmans1 ) _! endless m9ute ritual actions1 b among su* l[] races z ! ,kanekas ( ,new ,cal$onia1 ! efficacy ( religi\s functions is de/roy$ by ! slighte/ accid5tal infraction ( e/abli%$ rules47#a7 ,! same timid cons]vatism presides ov] my?1 & 9 ea* locality ! my/]y-plays1 ) _! accompany+ n>ratives1 pres]v$ inviolate ! e>ly =ms ( leg5d4 ,my? & ritual d n admit ( be+ argu$ ab\t4 ,c'etait le rite etabli4 ,ce n'etait pas plus absurde qu'autre *ose1 says ! cons]vative 9 ,m4 ,r5an's piece1 def5d+ ! mode ( appo9tm5t ( ,! prie/ :o slew ! slay]1 ,& %all himself be sla94 7#a7 ,?us ! wat*]s ( ! dead 9 ,new ,cal$onia are f$ by ! sorc]] ) a mess at ! end ( a v long spoon1 & %\ld ! food miss ! m\?1 all ! c]emonies h to be repeat$4 ,?is detail is f ,mr4 ,j4 ,j4 ,atk9son4 ,n[1 if ! rites & my?s pres]v$ by ! timor\sness ( ?is same c[>dice t[>ds ! sup]natural 7 orig9ally evolv$ 9 ! /age ( savag]y1 savage !y w\ld rema91 z x is impi\s & dang]\s to re=m !m till ! religion :i* !y s]ve p]i%es ) !m4 ,^! relics 9 ,greek ritual & fai? are v commonly expla9$ z due to ,ori5tal influ5ces1 z ?+s borr[$ f ! d>k & bloody sup]/itions ( ,asia4 ,b ?is attempt to save ! native ,greek "* = bli!ness & humanity mu/ n be pu%$ too f>47#a7 ,x mu/ be rememb]$ t ! crud] & wild] sacrifices & leg5ds ( ,greece 7 /rictly ,,local2 t !y 7 atta*$ to ^! anci5t temples1 old alt>s1 b>b>\s xoana1 or wood5 idols1 & r\gh feti% /ones1 9 :i* ,pausanias f\nd ! mo/ anci5t relics ( ,hell5ic !ology4 ,?is is a pro( ( _! antiquity & a presumption 9 fav\r ( _! fre$om f =eign influ5ce4 ,mo/ ( ^! ?+s 7 survivals f t dimly rememb]$ prehi/oric age 9 :i* ! ,greeks1 n yet ga!r$ into city /ates1 liv$ 9 villages or kraals1 or pueblos1 z we %\ld translate 7,greek text omitt$71 if we 7 speak+ ( ,african or ,am]ican tribes4 ,9 t /age ! e>ly ,greeks mu/ h lack$ bo? ! civic & ! national or ,panhell5ic s5tim5t2 _! political unit 0 ! clan1 :i*1 aga91 answ]$ 9 "p to ! totem k9dr$ ( ,am]ica1 or ,africa1 or ,au/ralia47#b7 ,9 ?is /agnant condition !y c\ld n h made acqua9tance ) ! _m cre$s ( ,semitic & o!r ali5 peoples on ! %ores ( ! ,levant47#c7 ,x 0 lat]1 :5 ,greece _h develop$ ! city life ( ! h]oic age1 t h] adv5tur\s sons came into close contact ) ,egypt & ,pho5icia4 7#a7 ,claus1 ,de ,antiq4 ,=m4 ,dianae1 #f1g1af4 7#b7 ,z ,c4 ,o4 ,mull] judici\sly rem>ks3 ,! sc5es ( n9e-t5?s ( ! ,greek my?s are laid 9 ,,p>ticul> ,,di/ricts ,,( ,,greece1 & !y speak ( ! primeval inhabitants1 ( ! l9eage & adv5tures ( native h]oes4 ,!y manife/ an accurate acqua9tance ) individual localities1 :i*1 at a "t :5 ,greece 0 nei!r explor$ by antiqu>ies1 nor did geographical h&books exi/1 c\ld be possess$ only by ! inhabitants ( ^! localities4 ,mull] gives1 z examples1 my?s ( be>s m or less div9e4 ,sci5tific ,my?ology1 pp4 #ad1 #ae4 7#c7 ,comp>e ,claus1 ,de ,dianae ,antiquissima ,natura1 p4 #c4 ,9 ! colonis+ "t1 /ill lat]--p]haps f #ijj ,b4,c4 d[nw>ds--! ,greeks1 settl$ on sites :5ce !y _h expell$ ,sidonians or ,sicanians1 v naturally cont9u$1 ) modifications1 ! wor%ip ( su* gods z !y f\nd already 9 possession4 ,l ! ,romans1 ! ,greeks easily recognis$ _! own deities 9 ! analog\s memb]s ( =eign poly!i/ic sy/ems4 ,?us we c all[ = ali5 elem5ts 9 su* gods & goddesses z ,zeus ,a/]ios1 z ,aphrodite ( ,cyprus or ,eryx1 or ! _m-brea/$ ,ephesian ,artemis1 ^: mon/r\s =m _h its exact analogue among ! ,aztecs 9 t _m-brea/$ goddess ( ! maguey plant :5ce be] 0 made4 ,to disc]n & dis5gage ! borr[$ factors 9 ! ,hell5ic ,olympus by analysis ( div9e names is a task to :i* comp>ative philology may lawfully devote h]self2 b we _c s readily expla9 by presum$ borr[+ f )\t ! rude xoana ( ! anci5t local temples1 ! wild my?s ( ! local leg5ds1 ! sacra :i* 7 ! exclusive prop]ty ( old-_w families1 ,butadae or ,eumolpidae4 ,^! are cle>ly survivals f a /age ( ,greek culture e>li] ?an ! city /ate1 e>li] ?an ! h]oic age ( ! rov+ ,greek ,vik+s1 & f> e>li] ?an ! ,greek colonies4 ,!y belong to t cons]vative & immobile p]iod :5 ! tribe or clan1 settl$ 9 its scatt]$ kraals1 liv$ a life ( agriculture1 hunt+ & cattle-bre$+1 engag$ 9 no l>g] or m adv5tur\s w>s ?an bord] feuds ab\t wom5 or cattle4 ,su* w>s 7 on a humbl] scale ?an ev5 ,ne/or's old fights ) ! ,epeians2 su* adv5tures did n br+ ! tribe into contact ) ali5 religions4 ,if ,sidonian m]*antm5 *anc$ to e/abli% a factory ne> a tribe 9 ?is condition1 _! religion 0 n likely to make _m proselytes4 ,^! reasons = believ+ t mo/ ( ! wild] elem5t 9 ,greek ritual & my? 0 native may be briefly recapitulat$1 z !y are (t5 ov]look$4 ,! m /range & savage features meet u 9 ,,local tales & practices1 (t5 9 remote upl& temples & *apels4 ,!re !y _h surviv$ f ! society ( ! ,,village /atus1 be=e villages 7 ga!r$ into ,,cities1 be=e ,greeks _h tak5 to a rov+ life1 or made mu* acqua9tance ) di/ant & m>itime peoples4 ,= ^! hi/orical reasons1 x may be assum$ t ! ,,local religi\s antiquities ( ,greece1 especially 9 upl& di/ricts l ,arcadia & ,elis1 are z old1 & z purely national1 z free f =eign influ5ces z any ,greek in/itutions c be4 ,9 ^! rites & my?s ( true folk-lore & ,volksleb51 develop$ be=e ,hellas won its way to ! pure ,hell5ic /age1 be=e ,egypt & ,pho5icia 7 famili>1 %\ld be f\nd t common rude elem5t :i* ,greeks %>e ) ! o!r races ( ! _w1 & :i* 01 to "s ext5t1 purg$ away by ! g5ius ( ,hom] & ,p9d>1 pii vates et ,phaebo digna locuti4 ,9 pro( ( ?is local cons]vatism1 "s passages collect$ by ,k4 ,f4 ,h]mann 9 8 ,lehrbu* d] ,grie*is*5 ,antiquitat57#a7 may be cit$4 ,?us ,isocrates writes17#b7 ,?is 0 all _! c>e1 nei!r to de/roy any ( ! ance/ral rites1 nor to add aught beyond :at 0 orda9$4 ,clem5s ,alex&r9us reports t c]ta9 ,!ssalians wor%ipp$ /orks1 ,,9 ,,accordance ,,) ,,use ,,& ,,wont47#c7 ,plato lays d[n ! v law ( lea/ *ange :i* has be5 describ$4 ,:e!r ! legislator is e/abli%+ a new /ate or re/or+ an old & decay$ "o1 9 respect ( gods & temples1444 if he be a man ( s5se1 he w ,,make ,,no ,,*ange ,,9 ,,any?+ :i* ! oracle ( ,delphi1 or ,dodona1 or ,ammon has sanction$1 9 :atev] mann]4 ,9 ?is v passage ,plato7#d7 speaks ( rites d]iv$ f ,tyrrh5ia or ,cyprus z fall+ )9 ! lat] p]iod ( ! ,greek ,w&]jahre4 ,on ! high religi\s value ( ?+s antique1 ,porphyry wrote 9 a late age1 & :5 ! new religion ( ,*ri/ 0 victori\s1 ,comp>+ ! new sacr$ images ) ! old1 we see t ! old are m simply fa%ion$1 yet are held div9e1 b ! new1 admir$ = _! elaborate execution1 h less p]suasion ( div9ity1--a rem>k anticipat$ by ,pausanias1 ,! /atues ,da$alus wr\ght are qua9t] to ! outw>d view1 yet !re %[s =? 9 !m some:at sup]natural47#e7 ,s ,a!naeus7#f7 reports ( a visitor to ! %r9e ( ,leto 9 ,delos1 t he expect$ ! anci5t /atue ( ! "m ( ,apollo to be some?+ rem>kable1 b1 unlike ! pi\s ,porphyry1 bur/ out laugh+ :5 he f\nd x a %apeless wood5 idol4 ,^! idols 7 dress$ out1 f$ & adorn$ z if !y _h life47#g7 ,x is natural t my?s dat+ f an age :5 ,greek gods resembl$ ,polynesian idols %\ld be z rude z ,polynesian my?s4 ,! t5acity ( ,,local my? is demon/rat$ by ,pausanias1 :o decl>es t ev5 9 ! highly civilis$ ,attica ! ,demes reta9$ leg5ds diff]5t f ^? ( ! c5tral city--! leg5ds1 probably1 :i* 7 curr5t be=e ! villages 7 ,synoecis$ into ,a!ns47#h7 7#a7 ,zweit] ,!il1 #aheh4 7#b7 ,areop41 #cj4 7#c7 ,clem4 ,alex41 ,ox=d1 #agae1 i4 #cd4 7#d7 ,laws1 v4 #gch4 7#e7 ,de4 ,ab/41 ii4 #ah2 ,paus41 ii4 #d1 #e4 7#f7 xiv4 #b4 7#g7 ,h]mann1 op4 cit41 p4 #id1 note #aj4 7#h7 ,pausanias1 i4 #ad1 #f4 ,x appe>s1 !n1 t ,greek ritual necess>ily pres]ves matt] ( ! highe/ antiquity1 & t ! olde/ rites & my?s w probably be f\nd1 n 9 ! ,panhell5ic temples1 l t 9 ,olympia1 n 9 ! ,,national poets1 l ,hom] & ,sophocles1 b 9 ! ,,local fanes ( e>ly tribal gods1 & 9 ! ,,local my/]ies1 & ! my?s :i* came late1 if !y came at all1 into lit]>y circulation4 ,?is op9ion is /r5g!n$ & illu/rat$ by t invaluable guide-book ( ! arti/ic & religi\s pilgrim writt5 9 ! second c5tury aft] our era by ,pausanias4 ,if we foll[ him1 we %all f9d t _m ( ! c]emonies1 /ories & idols :i* he reg>d$ z olde/ are analog\s to ! idols & my?s ( ! contempor>y backw>d races4 ,let u !n1 = ! sake ( illu/rat+ ! local & savage survivals 9 ,greek religion1 accompany ,pausanias 9 8 t\r ?r\gh ,hellas4 ,9 ,*ri/ian c\ntries1 especially 9 mod]n times1 ! cont5ts ( "o *ur* are v l ! furniture ( ano!r *ur*2 ! functions 9 "o resemble ^? 9 all1 ?\gh on ! ,cont95t "s %r9es /ill reta9 relics & cu/oms ( ! p]iod :5 local sa9ts _h _! peculi> rites4 ,b x 0 a v diff]5t ?+ 9 ,greece4 ,! pilgrim :o arriv$ at a temple nev] c\ld guess :at oddity or horror 9 ! way ( /atues1 sacrifices1 or /ories might be prep>$ = 8 edification4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 !re 7 ,,human ,,sacrifices4 ,^! are n famili> to l[ savages1 if kn[n to !m at all4 ,probably !y 7 fir/ (f]$ to b>b>ic royal gho/s1 & !nce transf]r$ to gods4 ,9 ! t[n ( ,salamis1 9 ,cyprus1 ab\t ! date ( ,hadrian1 ! dev\t might h f\nd ! prie/ slay+ a human victim to ,zeus1--an int]e/+ cu/om1 in/itut$1 accord+ to ,lactantius1 by ,teuc]1 & cont9u$ till ! age ( ! ,roman ,empire47#a7 7#a7 ,euseb41 ,praep4 ,ev41 iv4 #ag1 m5tions1 among peoples practis+ human sacrifices1 ,rhodes1 ,salamis1 ,heliopolis1 ,*ios1 ,t5$os1 ,lac$aemon1 ,arcadia & ,a!ns2 &1 among gods ?us hon\r$1 ,h]a1 ,a!ne1 ,cronus1 ,ares1 ,dionysus1 ,zeus & ,apollo4 ,= ,dionysus ! ,cannibal1 ,plut>*1 ,!mi/41 #ac2 ,porphyr41 ,ab/41 ii4 #ee4 ,= ! sacrifice to ,zeus ,laphy/ius1 see ,grote1 i4 c4 vi41 & 8 array ( au?orities1 especially ,h]odotus1 vii4 #aig4 ,clem5s ,alex&r9us 7i4 #cf7 m5tions ! ,mess5ians1 to ,zeus2 ! ,taurians1 to ,artemis1 ! folk ( ,pella1 to ,peleus & ,*iron2 ! ,cretans1 to ,zeus2 ! ,lesbians1 to ,dionysus4 ,geusius de ,victimis ,humanis 7#afii7 may be consult$4 ,at ,alos 9 ,a*aia ,ph?iotis1 ! /rang] ,,might h se5 an extraord9>y spectacle1 ?\gh we admit t ! odds w\ld h be5 highly aga9/ 8 *ance ( witness+ ! foll[+ ev5ts4 ,z ! /rang] approa*es ! t[n-hall1 he obs]ves an eld]ly & mo/ respectable citiz5 /roll+ 9 ! same direction4 ,! citiz5 is s lo/ 9 ?\ght t app>5tly he does n notice :]e he is go+4 ,beh9d him comes a cr[d ( excit$ b sil5t p1 :o wat* him ) int5se int]e/4 ,! citiz5 rea*es ! /eps ( ! t[n-hall1 :ile ! excitem5t ( 8 fri5ds beh9d increases visibly4 ,)\t ?9k+1 ! eld]ly p]son ent]s ! build+4 ,) a wild & un-,aryan h[l1 ! o!r p ( ,alos are d[n on him1 p9ion him1 wrea! him ) fl[]y g>l&s1 &1 lead him to ! temple ( ,zeus ,laphy/ius1 or ,! ,glutton1 :]e he is solemnly sacrific$ on ! alt>4 ,?is 0 ! cu/om ( ! good ,greeks ( ,alos :5ev] a desc5dant ( ! h\se ( ,a?amas ent]$ ! ,prytaneion4 ,( c\rse ! family 7 v c>eful1 z a rule1 to keep at a safe di/ance f ! =bidd5 place4 ,:at a sacrifice = ,greeks6 z ! au?or ( ! ,m9os7#a7 says 9 t dialogue :i* is incorrectly attribut$ to ,plato4 ,he _c get out except to be sacrific$1 says ,h]odotus1 speak+ ( ! unlucky desc5dant ( ,a?amas4 ,! cu/om appe>s to h exi/$ z late z ! "t ( ! s*olia/ on ,apollonius ,rhodius47#b7 7#a7 #cae1 c42 ,plato1 ,laws1 vi4 #ghb1 c4 7#b7 ,argonautica1 vii4 #aig4 ,ev5 9 ! second c5tury1 :5 ,pausanias visit$ ,arcadia1 he f\nd :at seem to h be5 human sacrifices to ,zeus4 ,! passage is s v /range & romantic t we quote a "p ( x47#a7 ,! ,lycaean hill ha? o!r m>vels to %[1 & *iefly ?is3 !reon !re is a grove ( ,zeus ,lycaeus1 :]e9 may m5 9 n[ise ent]2 b if any transgresses ! law & goes )91 he mu/ die )9 ! space ( "o ye>4 ,?is tale1 moreov]1 !y tell1 namely1 t :atsoev] man or bea/ come? )9 ! grove ca/s no %ad[1 & ! hunt] pursues n ! de] into t wood1 b1 wait+ till ! bea/ comes =? aga91 sees t x has left its %ad[ beh9d4 ,& on ! highe/ cre/ ( ! :ole m\nta9 !re is a m\nd ( heap$-up e>?1 ! alt> ( ,zeus ,lycaeus1 & ! m "p ( ,peloponnesus c be se5 f t place4 ,& be=e ! alt> /& two pill>s fac+ ! ris+ sun1 & !reon gold5 eagles ( yet m anci5t workman%ip4 ,& on ?is alt> !y sacrifice to ,zeus 9 a mann] t may n be spok51 & little lik+ _h ,i to make mu* se>* into ?is matt]4 ,,b ,,let ,,x ,,be ,,z ,,x ,,is1 ,,& ,,z ,,x ,,ha? ,,be5 ,,f ,,! ,,beg9n+4 ,! words z x ha? be5 f ! beg9n+ are om9\s & significant1 = ! traditional my?s ( ,arcadia tell ( ! human sacrifices ( ,lycaon1 & ( m5 :o1 ta/+ ! meat ( a mix$ sacrifice1 put human fle% betwe5 _! lips unaw>es47#b7 ,?is aspect ( ,greek religion1 !n1 is almo/ on a level ) ! my/]i\s cannibal horrors ( ,voodoo1 z practis$ by ! secret societies ( negroes 9 ,hayti4 ,b conc]n+ ^! ?+s1 z ,pausanias might say1 x is little pleasure to inquire4 7#a7 ,pausanias1 viii4 #b4 7#b7 ,plato1 ,rep41 viii4 #efe1 d4 ,?is rite occurs 9 "s ,african coronation c]emonies4 ,ev5 :]e m5 7 n sacrific$ to ! gods1 ! t\ri/ among ! temples w\ld le>n t ^! bloody rites _h once be5 cu/om>y1 & c]emonies exi/$ by way ( commutation4 ,?is is precisely :at we f9d 9 ,v$ic religion1 9 :i* ! empty =m ( sacrific+ a man 0 gone ?r\gh1 & ! orig9 ( ! _w 0 trac$ to ! fragm5ts ( a god sacrific$ by gods47#a7 ,9 ,sp>ta 0 an alt> ( ,artemis ,or?ia1 & a wood5 image ( great rud5ess & antiquity--s rude inde$1 t ,pausanias1 ?\gh accu/om$ to ,greek feti%-/ones1 ?\ght x mu/ be ( b>b>ic orig94 ,! /ory 0 t c]ta9 p ( diff]5t t[ns1 :5 sacrific+ at ! alt>1 7 seiz$ ) fr5zy & slew ea* o!r4 ,! oracle comm&$ t ! alt> %\ld be spr9kl$ ) human blood4 ,m5 7 !re=e *os5 by lot to be sacrific$ till ,lycurgus commut$ ! (f]+1 & spr9kl$ ! alt> ) ! blood ( boys :o 7 flogg$ be=e ! goddess4 ,! prie/ess holds ! /atue ( ! goddess dur+ ! flogg+1 & if any ( ! boys are b lightly sc\rg$1 ! image becomes too heavy = h] to be>4 7#a7 ,! ,puru%a ,sukhta1 9 ,rig-,v$a1 x4 #ij4 ,! ,ionians ne> ,an!a _h a temple ( ,artemis ,tricl>ia1 & to h] x _h be5 cu/om>y to sacrifice ye>ly a y\? & maid5 ( transc5d5t beauty4 ,9 ,pausanias's "t ! human sacrifice 0 commut$4 ,he himself beheld ! /range spectacle ( liv+ bea/s & birds be+ driv5 into ! fire to ,artemis ,laphria1 a ,calydonian goddess1 & he _h se5 be>s ru% back among ! m9i/rants2 b !re 0 no record t any "o _h ev] be5 hurt by ^! wild bea/s47#a7 ,! be> 0 a bea/ closely connect$ ) ,artemis1 & !re is "s reason to suppose t ! goddess _h h]self be5 a %e-be> or succe$$ to ! cult ( a %e-be> 9 ! morn+ ( "t47#b7 7#a7 ,paus41 vii4 #ah1 #ai4 7#b7 ,see ,artemis1 po/ea4 ,x may be believ$ t :]e symbolic human sacrifices are (f]$1 t is1 :]e "s o!r victim is sla9 or a dummy ( a man is de/roy$1 & :]e leg5d ma9ta9s t ! sacrifice 0 once human1 !re m5 & wom5 7 orig9ally ! victims4 ,greek ritual & ,greek my? 7 full ( su* tales & su* commutations47#a7 ,9 ,rome1 z is well kn[n1 effigies ( m5 call$ ,argives 7 sacrific$47#b7 ,z an example ( a bea/-victim giv5 9 commutation1 ,pausanias m5tions7#c7 ! case ( ! folk ( ,potniae1 :o 7 compell$ once a ye> to (f] to ,dionysus a boy1 9 ! bloom ( y\?4 ,b ! sacrifice 0 commut$ = a goat4 7#a7 ,see ,h]mann1 ,alt]?um]41 ii4 #aei-afa1 = abundant examples4 7#b7 ,plut>*1 ,que/4 ,rom4 #cb4 7#c7 ix4 #h1 #a4 ,^! commutations are famili> all ov] ! _w4 ,ev5 9 ,mexico1 :]e human sacrifices & ritual cannibalism 7 daily ev5ts1 ,quetzalcoatl 0 cr$it$ ) commut+ human sacrifices = blood drawn f ! bodies ( ! religi\s4 ,9 ?is "o matt] ev5 ! mo/ cons]vative cre$s & ! fai?s mo/ oppos$ to *ange sometimes say ) ,t>tuffe3-- ,le ciel def5d1 de vrai1 c]ta9s cont5tem5ts1 ,mais on tr\ve avec lui des accommodem5ts4 ,?\gh ! fact has be5 d5i$ 7d\btless )\t reflection71 ! fact rema9s t ! ,greeks (f]$ human sacrifices4 ,n[ :at does ?is imply8 ,mu/ x be tak5 z a survival f b>b>ism1 z "o ( ! pro(s t ! ,greeks _h pass$ ?r\gh ! b>b>ic /atus8 ,! answ] is less obvi\s ?an might be suppos$4 ,sacrifice has two orig9s4 ,fir/1 !re are ,,honorific sacrifices1 9 :i* ! gho/ or god 7or div9e bea/1 if a div9e bea/ be wor%ipp$7 is (f]$ ! food he is believ$ to pref]4 ,?is does n occur among ! l[e/ savages4 ,to c>nivor\s totems1 ,g>cilasso says1 ! ,indians ( ,p]u (f]$ !mselves4 ,! fe$+ ( sacr$ mice 9 ! temples ( ,apollo ,sm9!us is well kn[n4 ,secondly1 !re are expiatory or ,,piacul> sacrifices1 9 :i* ! wor%ipp]1 z x 71 f9es himself 9 a *ild1 an ox1 or some?+ else t he treasures4 ,! latt] k9d ( sacrifice 7mo/ common 9 cases ( crime done or suspect$ )9 ! circle ( k9dr$7 is n necess>ily b>b>ic1 except 9 its cruelty4 ,an example is ! ,attic ,?>gelia1 9 :i* two human scape-goats annually bore ! s9s ( ! congregation1 & 7 flogg$1 driv5 to ! sea ) figs ti$ r\nd _! necks1 & burn$47#a7 7#a7 ,comp>e ! ,m>seilles human sacrifice1 ,petron41 #ada2 & = ! ,?>gelia1 ,tsetzes1 ,*iliads1 v4 #gcf2 ,hellad4 9 ,photius1 p4 #aeij f4 & ,h>poc4 s4 v4 ,! in/itution ( human sacrifice1 !n1 :e!r ! (f]+ be reg>d$ z food1 or z a gift to ! god ( :at is de>e/ to man 7z 9 ! case ( ,jeph?a's daught]71 or :e!r ! victim be suppos$ to c>ry on 8 head ! s9s ( ! p1 does n necess>ily date f ! p]iod ( savag]y4 ,inde$1 sacrifice fl\ri%es mo/1 n among savages1 b among advanc+ b>b>ians4 ,x w\ld probably be impossible to f9d any examples ( human sacrifices ( an expiatory or piacul> "*1 any sacrifices at all1 among ,au/ralians1 or ,&amanese1 or ,fuegians4 ,! notion ( pres5t+ food to ! sup]natural p[]s1 :e!r gho/s or gods1 is relatively r>e among savages47#a7 ,! t]rible ,aztec banquets ( :i* ! gods 7 p>tak]s are ! mo/ not$ examples ( human sacrifices ) a purely cannibal orig94 ,n[ !re is good reason to guess t human sacrifices ) no o!r orig9 ?an cannibalism surviv$ ev5 9 anci5t ,greece4 ,x may be conjectur$1 writes ,pr(essor ,rob]tson ,smi?17#b7 t ! human sacrifices (f]$ to ! ,wolf ,zeus 7,lycaeus7 9 ,arcadia 7 orig9ally cannibal fea/s ( a ,wolf tribe4 ,! fir/ p>ticipants 9 ! rite 71 accord+ to lat] leg5d1 *ang$ into wolves2 & 9 lat] times7#c7 at lea/ "o fragm5t ( ! human fle% 0 plac$ among ! sacrificial portions d]iv$ f o!r victims1 & ! man :o ate x 0 believ$ to become a 7-wolf47#d7 ,x is ! almo/ univ]sal rule ) cannibals n to eat memb]s ( _! own /ock1 j z !y d n eat _! own totem4 ,?us1 z ,pr(essor ,rob]tson ,smi? says1 :5 ! human victim is a captive or o!r =eign]1 ! human sacrifice may be reg>d$ z a survival ( cannibalism4 ,:]e1 on ! o!r h&1 ! victim is a fell[ tribesman1 ! sacrifice is expiatory or piacul>4 7#a7 ,jevons1 ,introduction to ! ,sci5ce ( ,religion1 pp4 #afa1 #aii4 7#b7 ,encyc4 ,brit41 s4 v4 ,sacrifice4 7#c7 ,plato1 ,rep41 viii4 #efe1 ,d4 7#d7 ,paus41 viii4 #b4 ,among ,greek cannibal gods we _c fail to reckon ! s-call$ ,cannibal ,dionysus1 & probably ! ,zeus ( ,or*om5os1 ,zeus ,laphy/ius1 :o is expla9$ by ,suidas z ! ,glutton ,zeus4 ,! cognate v]b 77,greek text omitt$77 means to eat ) mangl+ & r5d+1 to dev\r glutton\sly4 ,by ,zeus ,laphy/ius1 !n1 m5's fle% 0 gorg$ 9 ?is di/ress+ fa%ion4 ,! evid5ce ( human sacrifice 7especially :5 x seems n piacul>1 b a relic ( cannibalism7 raises a presumption t ,greeks _h once be5 b>b>ians4 ,! presumption is confirm$ by ! evid5ce ( e>ly ,greek religi\s art4 ,:5 8 curiosity ab\t human sacrifices 0 satisfi$1 ! pilgrim 9 ,greece might turn 8 att5tion to ! /atues & o!r repres5tations ( ! gods4 ,he w\ld f9d t ! mod]n /atues by fam\s arti/s 7 beautiful an?ropomorphic works 9 m>ble or 9 gold & ivory4 ,x is true t ! faces ( ! anci5t gild$ ,dionysi at ,cor9? 7 smudg$ all ov] ) c9nab>1 l feti%-/ones 9 ,india or ,africa47#a7 ,z a rule1 h[ev]1 ! /atues ( hi/oric times 7 beautiful repres5tations ( k9dly & graci\s be+s4 ,! old] works 7 /iff & rigid images1 ) ! lips screw$ into an unmean+ smile4 ,old] yet 7 ! bronze gods1 made be=e ! art ( sold]+ 0 inv5t$1 & =m$ ( beat5 plates jo9$ by small nails4 ,/ill m anci5t 7 ! wood5 images1 :i* probably bore b a slight resemblance to ! human frame1 & :i* 7 (t5 m]e /ocks47#b7 ,p]haps once a ye> 7 %[n ! v e>ly gods1 ! ,demet] ) ! horse's head1 ! ,artemis ) ! fi%'s tails1 ! cuckoo ,h]a1 ^: image 0 ( pe>-wood1 ! ,zeus ) ?ree eyes1 ! ,h]mes1 made aft] ! fa%ion ( ! pictures on ! walls ( sacr$ caves among ! ,bu%m54 ,b ! olde/ gods ( all1 says ,pausanias repeat$ly1 7 rude /ones 9 ! temple or ! temple prec9ct4 ,9 ,a*aean ,ph>ae he f\nd "s ?irty squ>$ /ones1 nam$ ea* aft] a god4 ,among all ! ,greeks 9 ! olde/ times rude /ones 7 wor%ipp$ 9 place ( /atues4 ,! sup]/iti\s man 9 ,!ophra/us's ,*>act]s us$ to ano9t ! sacr$ /ones ) oil4 ,! /one :i* ,cronus swall[$ 9 mi/ake = ,zeus 0 hon\r$ at ,delphi1 & kept w>m ) wool wrapp+s4 ,!re 0 ano!r sacr$ /one among ! ,troez5ians1 & ! ,meg>ians wor%ipp$ z ,apollo a /one cut r\ghly into a pyramidal =m4 ,! ,argives _h a big /one call$ ,zeus ,kappotas4 ,! ,!spians wor%ipp$ a /one :i* !y call$ ,eros2 _! olde/ idol is a rude /one47#c7 ,x is well kn[n t ! orig9al feti%-/one has be5 f\nd 9 situ bel[ ! feet ( ! /atue ( ,apollo 9 ,delos4 ,on ?is %[+1 !n1 ! religion ( v e>ly ,greeks 9 ,greece 0 n unlike t ( mod]n ,negroes4 ,! arti/ic evolution ( ! gods1 a rem>kably rapid "o aft] a c]ta9 po9t1 c\ld be trac$ 9 e temple4 ,x began ) ! rude /one1 & rose to ! wood5 idol1 9 :i*1 z we h se51 ,pausanias & ,porphyry f\nd su* sanctity4 ,next x rea*$ ! hamm]$ bronze image1 pass$ ?r\gh ! ar*aic m>bles1 & culm9at$ 9 ! f9] m>bles & ! *ryselephant9e /atues ( ,zeus & ,a!na4 ,b none ( ! anci5t sacr$ objects lo/ _! sacr$ness4 ,! olde/ 7 always ! holie/ idols2 ! olde/ ( all 7 /umps & /ones1 l savage feti%-/ones4 7#a7 ,pausanias1 ii4 #b4 7#b7 ,clem5s ,alex41 ,protrept4 7,ox=d1 #agae74 p4 #da4 7#c7 ,gill1 ,my?s ( ,s\? ,pacific1 p4 #fj4 ,comp>e a god1 :i* prov$ to be m]ely pumice-/one1 & 0 reg>d$ z ! god ( w9ds & waves1 hav+ be5 drift$ to ,puka-,puka4 ,(f]+s ( food 7 made to x dur+ hurricanes4 ,ano!r argum5t 9 fav\r ( ! g5]al !sis t savag]y left deep m>ks on ,greek life 9 g5]al1 & on my? 9 p>ticul>1 may be d]iv$ f survivals ( totemism 9 ritual & leg5d4 ,! foll[+ in/ances ne$ n necess>ily be accept$1 b x may be admitt$ t !y are precisely ! traces :i* totemism w\ld leave _h x once exi/$1 & !n wan$ away on ! advance ( civilisation47#a7 7#a7 ,! argum5t to be d]iv$ f ! "* ( ! ,greek 7,greek text omitt$7 z a modifi$ =m ( ! totem-k9dr$ is too long & complex to be put =w>d "h4 ,x is /at$ 9 ,cu/om & ,my?1 ,! hi/ory ( ! ,family1 9 ,m',l5nan's ,/udies 9 ,e>ly hi/ory1 & is assum$1 if n prov$1 9 ,anci5t ,society by ! late ,mr4 ,lewis ,morgan4 ,t ,greeks 9 c]ta9 di/ricts reg>d$ ) religi\s rev]5ce c]ta9 plants & animals is beyond dispute4 ,t "s /ocks ev5 trac$ _! l9eage to bea/s w be %[n 9 ! *apt] on ,greek ,div9e ,my?s1 & ! presumption is t ^! creatures1 ?\gh expla9$ z inc>nations & disguises ( v>i\s gods1 7 once totems sans phrase1 z w be inf]r$ f v>i\s examples4 ,clem5s ,alex&r9us1 aga91 aft] describ+ ! animal-wor%ip ( ! ,egyptians1 m5tions cases ( zoolatry 9 ,greece47#a7 ,! ,!ssalians rev]$ /orks1 ! ,!bans weasels1 & ! my? ran t ! weasel _h 9 "s way aid$ ,alcm5a :5 9 lab\r ) ,h]acles4 ,9 ano!r =m ( ! my? ! weasel 0 ! fo/]-"m ( ! h]o47#b7 ,o!r ,!ssalians1 ! ,myrmidons1 claim$ desc5t f ! ant & rev]$ ants4 ,! religi\s respect paid to mice 9 ! temple ( ,apollo ,sm9!us1 9 ! ,troad1 ,rhodes1 ,gela1 ,lesbos & ,crete is well kn[n1 & a local tribe 7 allud$ to z ,mice by an oracle4 ,! god himself1 l ! ,japanese h>ve/-god1 0 repres5t$ 9 art ) a m\se at 8 foot1 & mice1 z has be5 said1 7 f$ at 8 %r9e47#c7 ,! ,syrians1 says ,clem5s ,alex&r9us1 wor%ip doves & fi%es1 z ! ,elians wor%ip ,zeus47#d7 ,! p ( ,delphi ador$ ! wolf17#e7 & ! ,samians ! %eep4 ,! ,a!nians _h a h]o :om !y wor%ipp$ 9 ! %ape ( a wolf47#f7 ,a rem>kable te/imony is t ( ! s*olia/ on ,apollonius ,rhodius1 ii4 #abd4 ,! wolf1 he says1 0 a bea/ held 9 hon\r by ! ,a!nians1 & :osoev] slays a wolf collects :at is ne$ful = its burial4 ,! burial ( sacr$ animals 9 ,egypt is famili>4 ,an ,arab tribe m\rns ov] & solemnly buries all dead gazelles47#g7 ,nay1 flies 7 ador$ ) ! sacrifice ( an ox ne> ! temple ( ,apollo 9 ,leucas47#h7 ,pausanias 7iii4 #bb7 m5tions c]ta9 coloni/s :o 7 guid$ by a h>e to a site :]e ! animal hid 9 a myrtle-bu%4 ,!y !re=e adore ! myrtle1 7,greek text omitt$74 ,9 ! same way a ,c>ian /ock1 ! ,ioxidae1 rev]$ ! asp>agus47#i7 ,a rem>kable example ( desc5t my?ically claim$ f "o ( ! l[] animals is not$ by ,otfri$ ,mull]47#aj7 ,speak+ ( ! swan ( ,apollo1 he says1 ,t deity 0 wor%ipp$1 accord+ to ! te/imony ( ! ,iliad1 9 ! ,trojan isl& ( ,t5$os4 ,!re1 too1 0 ,t5nes hon\r$ z ! 7,greek text omitt$7 ( ! isl&4 ,n[ 8 fa!r 0 call$ ,cycnus 7! swan7 9 an (t-told & romantic leg5d47#aa7444 ,! swan1 !re=e1 z fa!r to ! *ief h]o on ! ,apoll9e isl&1 /&s 9 di/9ct relation to ! god1 :o is made to come =w>d /ill m prom95tly f ! fact t ,apollo himself is also call$ fa!r ( ,t5nes4 ,i ?9k we c sc>cely fail to recognise a my?us :i* 0 local at ,t5$os4444 ,! fact1 too1 ( call+ ! swan1 in/ead ( ,apollo1 ! fa!r ( a h]o1 dem&s altoge!r a simplicity & boldness ( fancy :i* are f> m anci5t ?an ! poems ( ,hom]4 7#a7 ,op4 cit41 i4 #cd4 7#b7 ,s*olia/ on ,iliad1 xix4 #aai4 7#c7 ,aelian1 ,h4 ,a41 xii4 #e2 ,/rabo1 xiii4 #fjd4 ,comp>e ,apollo & ! ,m\se1 ,cu/om & ,my?1 pp4 #ajc-abj4 7#d7 ,lucian1 ,de ,dea ,syria4 7#e7 ,aelian1 ,h4 ,a41 xii4 #dj4 7#f7 ,h>pocration1 7,greek text omitt$74 ,comp>e an address to ! wolf-h]o1 :o delights 9 ! flight & te>s ( m51 9 ,ari/ophanes1 ,vespae1 #chi4 7#g7 ,rob]tson ,smi?1 ,k9%ip 9 ,e>ly ,arabia1 pp4 #aie-bjd4 7#h7 ,aelian1 xi4 #h4 7#i7 ,plut>*1 ,!seus1 #ad4 7#aj7 ,proleg41 ,engl4 trans41 p4 #bjd4 7#aa7 7,canne on ,conon1 #bh47 ,_h ,mull] kn[n t ?is simplicity & boldness ( fancy exi/ to-day1 = example1 among ! ,swan tribe ( ,au/ralia1 he w\ld probably h recognis$ 9 ,cycnus a survival f totemism4 ,! fancy survives aga9 9 ,virgil's ,cupavo1 ) swan's plumes ris+ f 8 cre/1 ! m>k ( 8 fa!r's =m47#a7 ,desc5t 0 claim$1 n only f a swan ,apollo1 b f a dog ,apollo4 7#a7 ,a5eid1 x4 #ahg4 ,9 connection ) ! same set ( ideas1 x is po9t$ out t sev]al 7,greek text omitt$71 or /ocks1 _h eponym\s h]oes1 9 ^: names ! names ( ! ance/ral bea/ app>5tly surviv$4 ,9 ,attica ! ,crioeis h _! h]o 7,crio1 ,ram71 ! ,butadae h ,butas 7,bullman71 ! ,aegidae h ,aegeus 7,goat71 & ! ,cynadae1 ,cynus 7,dog74 ,lycus1 accord+ to ,h>pocration 7s4 v47 has 8 /atue 9 ! %ape ( a wolf 9 ! ,lyceum4 ,! g5]al facts t c]ta9 animals might n be sacrific$ to c]ta9 gods 7at ,a!ns ! ,aegidae introduc$ ,a!na1 to :om no goat might be (f]$ on ! ,acropolis1 :ile %e h]self wore ! goat sk91 aegis71 :ile1 on ! o!r h&1 ea* deity dem&$ p>ticul> victims1 expla9$ by ! anci5ts !mselves 9 c]ta9 cases to be ho/ile animals1 f9d _! natural explanation 9 totemism47#a7 ,mr4 ,evelyn ,abbott po9ts out1 h[ev]1 t ! names ,aegeus1 ,aegae1 ,aeg9a1 & o!rs1 may be connect$ ) ! goat only by an old volks-etymologie1 z on co9s ( ,aeg9a 9 ,a*aea4 ,! real mean+ ( ! words may be diff]5t4 ,comp>e 7,greek text omitt$71 ! sea-%ore4 ,mr4 ,j4 ,g4 ,fraz] does n1 at pres5t1 reg>d totemism z prov$ 9 ! case ( ,greece47#b7 7#a7 ,"s app>5t survivals ( totemism 9 ritual w be f\nd 9 ! *apt] on ,greek gods1 especially ,zeus1 ,dionysus1 & ,apollo4 7#b7 ,see 8 ,gold5 ,b\gh1 an alt]native explanation ( ^! animals 9 connection ) ,! ,corn ,_s4 ,z f9al examples ( survivals f ! age ( b>b>ism 9 ! religion ( ,greece1 c]ta9 features 9 ! ,my/]ies may be not$4 ,plut>* speaks ( ! eat+ ( raw fle%1 & te>+ to pieces ( victims1 z also fa/+s & beat+s ( ! brea/1 & aga9 9 _m places abusive language at ! sacrifices1 & o!r mad do+s4 ,! my/]ies ( ,demet]1 z w appe> :5 h] leg5d is criticis$1 conta9$ "o elem5t all unlike ^! mad do+s2 & ! evid5ce ( ,sophocles1 ,p9d>1 ,plut>* & o!rs demon/rate t religi\s consolations 7 someh[ convey$ 9 ! ,eleus9ia4 ,b ,greece _h _m o!r local my/]ies1 & 9 sev]al ( ^! x is und5iable ! ,greeks act$ mu* z contempor>y ,au/ralians1 ,zunis & ,negroes act 9 _! secret initiations :i*1 h[ev]1 also inculcate moral ideas ( consid]able excell5ce4 ,important z ^! analogies are1 !y appe> to h escap$ ! notice ( mo/ my?ologi/s4 ,m4 ,alfr$ ,maury1 h[ev]1 9 ,les ,religions de la ,grece1 publi%$ 9 #aheg1 (f]s sev]al in/ances ( hidd5 rites1 common to ,hellas & to b>b>ism4 ,!re seem 9 ! my/]ies ( savage races to be two *ief purposes4 ,!re is ! int5tion ( giv+ to ! initiat$ a c]ta9 sacr$ "*1 :i* puts !m 9 close relation ) gods or demons1 & !re is ! introduction ( ! "y to complete or advanc+ manhood1 & to full p>ticipation 9 ! savage ,*ur* ) its e?ical ideas4 ,! latt] c]emonies correspond1 9 %ort1 to confirmation1 & !y are usually ( a sev]e "*1 be+ meant to te/ by fa/+ 7z ,plut>* says7 & by torture 7z 9 ! famili> ,sp>tan rite7 ! c\rage & con/ancy ( ! "y braves4 ,! ,greek my/]ies be/ kn[n to u are ! ,!smophoria & ! ,eleus9ia4 ,9 ! =m] ! rites 7z w appe> lat]7 p>took ( ! nature ( savage m$ic9e or magic1 & 7 ma9ly int5d$ to secure f]tility 9 husb&ry & 9 ! family4 ,9 ! ,eleus9ia ! purpose 0 ! purification ( ! initiat$1 secur$ by ablutions & by /&+ on ! ram's-sk9 ( ,zeus1 & aft] purifications ! my/ae engag$ 9 sacr$ dances1 & 7 p]mitt$ to view a miracle play repres5t+ ! sorr[s & consolations ( ,demet]4 ,!re 0 a high] elem5t1 necess>ily obscure 9 nature4 ,! *ief features 9 ! :ole 7 purifications1 danc+1 sacrifice & ! repres5tation ( ! miracle play4 ,x w\ld be t$i\s to (f] an exhau/ive acc\nt ( savage rites analog\s to ^! my/]ies ( ,hellas4 ,let x suffice to display ! po9ts :]e ,greek f\nd itself 9 h>mony ) ,au/ralian1 & ,am]ican1 & ,african practice4 ,^! po9ts are3 7#a7 my/ic dances2 7#b7 ! use ( a little in/rum5t1 call$ turndun 9 ,au/ralia1 :]eby a ro>+ noise is made1 & ! pr(ane are w>n$ (f2 7#c7 ! habit ( daub+ p]sons ab\t to be initiat$ ) clay or any?+ else t is sordid1 & ( wa%+ ?is (f2 app>5tly by way ( %[+ t old guilt is remov$ & a new life ent]$ ^u2 7#d7 ! p]=mances ) s]p5ts may be notic$1 :ile ! mad do+s & h[l+s m5tion$ by ,plut>* are famili> to e read] ( travels 9 uncivilis$ c\ntries2 7#e7 e?ical in/ruction is communicat$4 ,fir/1 z to ! my/ic dances1 ,lucian obs]ves37#a7 ,y _c f9d a s+le anci5t my/]y 9 :i* !re is n danc+4444 ,?is mu* all m5 "k1 t mo/ p say ( ! reveal]s ( ! my/]ies t !y 'dance !m out' 77,greek text omitt$774 ,clem5s ( ,alex&ria uses ! same t]m :5 speak+ ( 8 own appall+ revelations47#b7 ,s closely connect$ are my/]ies ) danc+ among savages1 t :5 ,mr4 ,orp5 ask$ ,q+1 ! ,bu%man hunt]1 ab\t "s doctr9es 9 :i* ,q+ 0 n initiat$1 he said3 ,only ! initiat$ m5 ( t dance "k ^! ?+s4 ,to dance ?is or t means to be acqua9t$ ) ?is or t my?1 :i* is repres5t$ 9 a dance or ballet d'action7#c7 77,greek text omitt$774 ,s widely di/ribut$ is ! practice1 t ,aco/a1 9 an int]e/+ passage1 m5tions x z famili> to ! p ( ,p]u be=e & aft] ! ,spani% conque/4 ,! text is a valuable in/ance ( survival 9 religion4 ,:5 !y 7 conv]t$ to ,*ri/ianity ! ,p]uvians detect$ ! analogy betwe5 our sacram5t & _! my/]ies1 & !y kept up z mu* z possible ( ! old rite 9 ! new ritual4 ,j z ! my/ae ( ,eleusis practis$ *a/ity1 ab/a9+ f c]ta9 food1 & above all f beans1 be=e ! great ,pagan sacram5t1 s did ! ,indians4 ,to prep>e !mselves all ! p fa/$ two days1 dur+ :i* !y did ney!r company ) _! wives1 nor eate any meate ) salt or g>licke1 nor dr9k any *ic4444 ,& al?\gh ! ,indians n[ =be>e to sacrifice bea/s or o!r ?+s publikely1 :i* _c be hidd5 f ! ,spani>des1 yet doe !y /ill use _m c]emonies t h _! beg9n+s f ^! fea/s & aunti5t sup]/itions1 = at ?is day d !y cov]tly make _! fea/ ( ,ytu at ! daunces ( ! fea/ ( ! ,sacram5t4 ,ano!r fea/ falle? almo/ at ! same "t1 :]eas ! ,*ri/ians obs]ve ! solempnitie ( ! holy ,sacram5t1 :i* ,,do? ,,resemble ,,x ,,9 ,,"s ,,sort1 ,,z ,,9 ,,daunc+1 ,,s++ ,,& ,,repres5tations47#d7 ,! holy daunces at ,seville are "u ,papal disapproval1 b are to be kept up1 x is said1 till ! peculi> dresses us$ 9 !m are worn out4 ,aco/a's ,indians also _h g>m5ts :i* s]v$ only = ?is fea/4 ,x is sup]flu\s to multiply examples ( ! danc+1 :i* is an inv>iable feature ( savage z ( ,greek my/]ies4 7#a7 7,greek text omitt$71 *ap4 xv4 #bgg4 7#b7 ,ap4 ,euseb41 ,praep4 ,ev41 ii1 #c1 #f4 7#c7 ,cape ,mon?ly ,magaz9e1 ,july1 #ahgd4 7#d7 ,aco/a1 ,hi/orie ( ! ,indies1 book v4 *ap4 xxviii4 ,london1 #afjd4 #b4 ,! ,greek & savage use ( ! turndun1 or bribbun ( ,au/ralia 9 ! my/]ies is famili> to /ud5ts4 ,?is fi%-%ap$ flat bo>d ( wood is ti$ to a /r+1 & :irl$ r\nd1 s z to cause a peculi> muffl$ ro>4 ,lobeck quotes f ! old s*olia on ,clem5s ,alex&r9us1 publi%$ by ,ba/ius 9 annotations on ,/4 ,gregory1 ! foll[+ ,greek description ( ! turndun1 ! bull-ro>] ( ,engli% c\ntry lads1 ! ,gaelic srannam37#a7 7,greek text omitt$74 ,! conus 0 a little slab ( wood1 ti$ to a /r+1 & :irl$ r\nd 9 ! my/]ies to make a :irr+ noise4 ,z ! my/ic uses ( ! turndun 9 ,au/ralia1 ,new ,zeal&1 ,new ,mexico & ,zulul& h else:]e be5 describ$ at "s l5g? 7,cu/om & ,my?1 pp4 #bh-dd71 x may be en\gh to ref] ! read] to ! passage4 ,mr4 ,taylor has s9ce f\nd ! in/rum5t us$ 9 religi\s my/]ies 9 ,we/ ,africa1 s x has n[ be5 track$ almo/ r\nd ! _w4 ,t an in/rum5t s rude %\ld be employ$ by ,greek & ,au/ralians on my/ic occasions is 9 itself a rem>kable co9cid5ce4 ,un=tunately1 ,lobeck1 :o publi%$ ! ,greek description ( ! turndun 7,aglaophamus1 #gjj71 0 unacqua9t$ ) ! mod]n e?nological evid5ce4 7#a7 ,pron\nc$ /ran?am4 ,= ?is in=mation ,i am indebt$ to my fri5d ,mr4 ,m',alli/]1 s*oolma/] at ,/4 ,m>y's ,lo*4 #c4 ,! cu/om ( pla/]+ ! initiat$ ov] ) clay or fil? 0 common 9 ,greek z 9 b>b>ic my/]ies4 ,greek examples may be giv5 fir/4 ,demo/h5es accuses ,aes*9es ( help+ 8 "m 9 c]ta9 my/ic rites1 aid+ h]1 especially1 by b$aub+ ! initiate ) clay & bran47#a7 ,h>pocration expla9s ! t]m us$ 77,greek text omitt$77 ?us3 ,daub+ ! clay & bran on ! initiate1 to expla9 :i* !y say t ! ,titans :5 !y attack$ ,dionysus daub$ !mselves ov] ) *alk1 b aft]w>ds1 = ritual purposes1 clay 0 us$4 ,x may be urg$ ) "s =ce t ! "m ( ,aes*9es introduc$ =eign1 novel & possibly savage rites4 ,b ,sophocles1 9 a fragm5t ( 8 lo/ play1 ! ,captives1 uses ! t]m 9 ! same ritual s5se-- 7,greek text omitt$74 7#a7 ,de ,corona1 #cac4 ,! idea cle>ly 0 t by cleans+ away ! fil? pla/]$ ov] ! body 0 symbolis$ ! pure & free condition ( ! initiate4 ,he might n[ cry 9 ! my/ic *ant-- 7,greek text omitt$74 ,worse h ,i fl$1 bett] h ,i f\nd4 ,t ?is 0 ! significance ( ! daub+ ) clay 9 ,greek my/]ies & ! subsequ5t cleans+ seems q c]ta94 ,we are l$ /raight to ?is conclusion by simil> rites1 9 :i* ! purpose ( my/ically cleans+ 0 op5ly put =w>d4 ,?us ,plut>*1 9 8 essay on sup]/ition1 repres5ts ! guilty man :o w\ld be purifi$ actually roll+ 9 clay1 confess+ 8 misde$s1 & !n sitt+ at home purifi$ by ! cleans+ process 77,greek text omitt$7747#a7 ,9 ano!r rite1 ! cleans+ ( blood-guilt9ess1 a simil> process 0 practis$4 ,ore/es1 aft] kill+ 8 "m1 compla9s t ! ,eum5ides d n cease to p]secute him1 ?\gh he has be5 purifi$ by blood ( sw9e47#b7 ,apollonius says t ! r$ h& ( ! murd]] 0 dipp$ 9 ! blood ( sw9e & !n wa%$47#c7 ,a!naeus describes a simil> unpleasant c]emony47#d7 ,! blood ( :elps 0 app>5tly us$ also1 m5 be+ fir/ daub$ ) x & !n wa%$ clean47#e7 ,! ^w 7,greek text omitt$7 is aga9 ! appropriate ritual t]m4 ,su* rites ,plut>* calls 7,greek text omitt$71 fil?y purifications47#f7 ,if daub+ ) dirt is kn[n to h be5 a feature ( ,greek my/]ies1 x meets u ev]y:]e among savages4 ,9 ,o-,kee-,pa1 t curi\sly m9ute acc\nt ( ! ,m&an my/]ies1 ,catl9 writes t a portion ( ! frame ( ! initiate 0 cov]$ ) clay1 :i* ! op]ator took f a wood5 b[l1 & ) 8 h& pla/]$ unsp>+ly ov]4 ,! fifty "y m5 wait+ = initiation 7 nak$ & entirely cov]$ ) clay ( v>i\s col\rs47#g7 ,! cu/om is m5tion$ by ,capta9 ,john ,smi? 9 ,virg9ia4 ,mr4 ,w9wood ,reade f\nd x 9 ,africa1 :]e1 z among ! ,m&ans & ,sp>tans1 cruel torture & flogg+ accompani$ ! initiation ( "y m547#h7 ,9 ,au/ralia ! evid5ce = daub+ ! initiate is v abundant47#i7 ,9 ,new ,mexico1 ! ,zunis /ole ,mr4 ,cu%+'s black pa9t1 z consid]+ x ev5 bett] ?an clay = religi\s daub+47#aj7 7#a7 ,s ,h]mann1 op4 cit41 #acc4 7#b7 ,eum5ides1 #bgc4 7#c7 ,argonautica1 iv4 #fic4 7#d7 ix4 #gh4 ,h]mann1 f :om ! latt] passages are borr[$1 also quotes ! evid5ce ( a vase publi%$ by ,feu]ba*1 ,lehrbu*1 p4 #aca1 ) o!r au?orities4 7#e7 ,plut>*1 ,quae/4 ,rom41 #fh4 7#f7 ,de ,sup]/itione1 *ap4 xii4 7#g7 ,o-,kee-,pa1 ,london1 #ahfg1 p4 #ba4 7#h7 ,savage ,africa1 case ( ,mongilomba2 ,pausanias1 iii4 #ae4 7#i7 ,br\gh ,smy?1 i4 #fj4 7#aj7 ,cu/ma & ,my?1 p4 #dj4 #d4 ,ano!r savage rite1 ! use ( s]p5ts 9 ,greek my/]ies1 is atte/$ by ,clem5s ,alex&r9us & by ,demo/h5es 7loc4 cit474 ,clem5s says ! snakes 7 c>ess$ 9 repres5tations ( ! loves ( ,zeus 9 s]p5t9e =m4 ,! great savage example is t ( ! snake-dance ( ! ,moquis1 :o h&le rattle-snakes 9 ! my/]ies )\t be+ h>m$47#a7 ,! dance is p>tly totemi/ic1 p>tly meant1 l ! ,!smophoria1 to secure ! f]tility ( ! l&s ( ! ,moquis ( ,arizonas4 ,! turndum or 7,greek text omitt$7 is employ$4 ,masks are worn1 z 9 ! rites ( ,demet] ,cidiria 9 ,arcadia47#b7 7#a7 ,! ,snake-,dance ( ! ,moquis4 ,by ,capta9 ,john ,g4 ,b\rke1 ,london1 #ahhd4 7#b7 ,pausanias1 viii4 #af4 #e4 ,?is la/ po9t ( contact betwe5 c]ta9 ,greek & c]ta9 savage my/]ies is highly important4 ,! argum5t ( ,lobeck1 9 8 celebrat$ "w ,aglaophamus1 is t ! ,my/]ies 7 ( no great mom5t 9 religion4 ,_h he kn[n ! evid5ce z to savage initiations1 he w\ld h be5 confirm$ 9 8 op9ion1 = _m ( ! s+ul> ,greek rites are cle>ly survivals f savag]y4 ,b 0 !re no m truly religi\s survival8 ,p9d> is a v anci5t witness t ?+s ( div9e import 7 reveal$4 ,happy is he :o hav+ se5 ^! ?+s goes "u ! holl[ e>?4 ,he kn[s ! end ( life1 & ! god-giv5 beg9n+47#a7 ,sophocles *imes 91 z ,lobeck says1 decl>+ t ! initiate alone ,,live 9 ,hades1 :ile o!r s\ls endure all evils4 ,cr9agoras av]s t ev5 9 life ! initiate live secure1 & 9 dea? are ! happi]4 ,isagoras decl>es t ab\t ! end ( life & all et]nity !y h sweet hopes4 7#a7 ,fragm41 cxvi41 #abh ,h4 p4 #bfe4 ,spl5dida te/imonia1 cries ,lobeck4 ,he tries to m9imise ! evid5ce1 rem>k+ t ,isocrates promises ! v same rew>ds to all :o live ju/ly & righte\sly4 ,b :y n1 if to live ju/ly & righte\sly 0 "p ( ! tea*+ ( ! my/]ies ( ,eleusis8 ,cic]o's evid5ce1 almo/ a translation ( ! ,greek passages already cit$1 ,lobeck dismisses z purely rhetorical47#a7 ,lobeck's me?od is r cavali]4 ,p9d> & ,sophocles meant some?+ ( great significance4 7#a7 ,de ,legibus ii4 #ad2 ,aglaophamus1 pp4 #fi-gd4 ,n[ we h ackn[l$g$ savage survivals ( ugly rites 9 ! ,greek my/]ies4 ,b x is only fair to rememb] t1 9 c]ta9 ( ! few savage my/]ies ( :i* we "k ! secret1 righte\sness ( life & a k ( good are inculcat$4 ,?is is ! case 9 ,au/ralia1 & 9 ,c5tral ,africa1 :]e to be un9itiat$ is equival5t to be+ selfi%47#a7 ,?us x seems n improbable t consolatory doctr9es 7 exp\nd$ 9 ! ,eleus9ia1 & t ?is k9d ( s]mon or exhortation 0 no less a survival f savag]y ?an ! daub+ ) clay1 & ! 7,greek text omitt$71 & o!r wild rites4 7#a7 ,mak+ ( ,religion1 pp4 #aic-aig1 #bce4 ,we h n[ attempt$ to e/abli% t 9 ,greek law & ritual _m savage cu/oms & usages did und5iably survive4 ,we h se5 t bo? philosophical & popul> op9ion 9 ,greece believ$ 9 a pa/ age ( savag]y4 ,9 law1 9 religion1 9 religi\s art1 9 cu/om1 9 human sacrifice1 9 relics ( totemism1 & 9 ! my/]ies1 we h se5 t ! ,greeks reta9$ pl5ty ( ! usages n[ f\nd among ! remote/ & mo/ backw>d races4 ,we h urg$ aga9/ ! sugge/ion ( borr[+ f ,egypt or ,asia t ^! survivals are con/antly f\nd 9 local & tribal religion & rituals1 & t consequ5tly !y probably date f t remote prehi/oric pa/ :5 ! ,greeks liv$ 9 village settlem5ts4 ,x may /ill d\btless be urg$ t all ^! ?+s are ,pelasgic1 & 7 ! cu/oms ( a race settl$ 9 ,hellas be=e ! arrival ( ! ,hom]ic ,a*aeans1 & ,dorians1 & ,argives1 :o1 on ?is hypo!sis1 adopt$ & kept up ! old savage ,pelasgian ways & sup]/itions4 ,x is impossible to prove or disprove ?is belief1 nor does x affect our argum5t4 ,we allege t all ,greek life bel[ ! surface 0 ri* 9 in/itutions n[ f\nd among ! mo/ b>b>ic peoples4 ,^! in/itutions1 :e!r borr[$ or inh]it$1 w\ld /ill be "p ( ! legacy left by savages to cultivat$ peoples4 ,z ?is legacy is s l>ge 9 cu/om & ritual1 x is n unfair to argue t portions ( x w also be f\nd 9 my?s4 ,x is n[ "t to discuss ,greek my?s ( ! orig9 ( ?+s1 & decide :e!r !y are or are n analog\s 9 ideas to ! my?s :i* spr+ f ! wild & ignorant fancy ( ,au/ralians1 ,cahrocs1 ,nootkas & ,bu%m54 ,,*apt] ,x4 ,,greek ,,cosmogonic ,,my?s4 ,nature ( ! evid5ce--,traditions ( orig9 ( ! _w & man--,hom]ic1 ,hesiodic & ,orphic my?s--,lat] evid5ce ( hi/orians1 dramati/s1 comm5tators--,! ,hom]ic /ory comp>atively pure--,! /ory 9 ,hesiod1 & its savage analogues--,! explanations ( ! my? ( ,cronus1 mod]n & anci5t--,! ,orphic cosmogony--,phanes & ,prajapati--,greek my?s ( ! orig9 ( man--,_! savage analogues4 ,! au?orities = ,greek cosmogonic my? are extremely v>i\s 9 date1 "* & value4 ,! mo/ anci5t texts are ! ,iliad & ! poems attribut$ to ,hesiod4 ,! ,iliad1 :atev] its date1 :atev] ! place ( its composition1 0 int5d$ to please a noble class ( w>riors4 ,! ,hesiodic poems1 at lea/ ! ,!ogony1 h cle>ly a didactic aim1 & ! int5tion ( pres5t+ a sy/ematic & ord]ly acc\nt ( ! div9e g5ealogies4 ,to nei!r w\ld we will+ly attribute a date mu* lat] ?an ! n9? c5tury ( our era1 b ! "q ( ! dates ( all ! epic & ,hesiodic poems1 & ev5 ( _! v>i\s p>ts1 is greatly disput$ among s*ol>s4 ,yet x is n[h]e d5i$ t1 h[ev] late ! pres5t =m ( "s ( ! poems may be1 !y conta9 ideas ( extreme antiquity4 ,al?\gh ! ,hom]ic poems are usually consid]$1 on ! :ole1 m anci5t ?an ^? attribut$ to ,hesiod17#a7 x is a fact wor? rememb]+ t ! notions ( ! orig9 ( ?+s 9 ,hesiod are mu* m savage & 7z we hold7 mu* m ar*aic ?an ! op9ions ( ,hom]4 7#a7 ,grote assigns 8 ,!ogony to circ4 #gej ,a4,d4 ,! ,!gony 0 taught to boys 9 ,greece1 mu* z ! ,*ur* ,cate*ism & ,bible are taught 9 ,engl&2 ,aes*9es 9 ,ctesiph41 #ace1 p4 #gc4 ,libanius1 #djj ye>s aft] ,*ri/ 7i4 #ejb-eji1 iv4 #hgd74 ,:ile ,hesiod (f]s a complete !ogony or g5ealogy ( deities & h]oes1 ,hom] gives no m ?an h9ts & allusions to ! /ormy pa/ ( ! gods4 ,x is cle>1 h[ev]1 t 8 conception ( t pa/ diff]$ consid]ably f ! traditions ( ,hesiod4 ,h[ev] we expla9 x1 ! ,hom]ic my?ology 7?\gh itself repugnant to ! philosoph]s f ,x5ophanes d[nw>ds7 is mu* m mild1 pure & humane ?an ! my?ology ei!r ( ,hesiod or ( our o!r ,greek au?orities4 ,"s may imag9e t ,hom] reta9s a cle>] & less corrupt$ memory ?an ,hesiod possess$ ( an orig9al & au!ntic div9e tradition4 ,o!rs may f9d 9 ,hom]'s comp>ative purity a pro( ( ! lat] date ( 8 epics 9 _! pres5t =m1 or may ev5 proclaim t ,hom] 0 a k9d ( ,c]vantes1 :o wi%$ to laugh ! gods away4 ,!re is no conceivable or inconceivable !ory ab\t ,hom] t has n its advocates4 ,= ourselves1 we hold t ! div9e g5ius ( ,hom]1 ?\gh work+ 9 an age di/ant r ?an e>ly1 select$ in/9ctively ! pur] my?ical mat]ials1 & burn$ away ! co>s] dross ( antique leg5d1 leav+ little b ! gold :i* is comp>atively ref9$4 ,we mu/ rememb] t x does n foll[ t any my?ical ideas are lat] ?an ! age ( ,hom] because we fir/ meet !m 9 poems ( a lat] date4 ,we h already se5 t ?\gh ! ,brahmanas are mu* lat] 9 date ( compilation ?an ! ,v$a1 yet a tradition :i* we fir/ f9d 9 ! ,brahmanas may be old] ?an ! "t at :i* ! ,v$a 0 compil$4 ,9 ! same way1 z ,mr4 ,max ,mull] obs]ves1 we "k t c]ta9 ideas :i* we f9d 9 lat] writ]s d n occur 9 ,hom]4 ,b x does n foll[ at all t su* ideas are all ( lat] gr[? or possess a second>y "*4 ,"o my? may h belong$ to "o tribe2 "o god may h _h 8 *ief wor%ip 9 "o locality2 & our becom+ acqua9t$ ) ^! ?r\gh a lat] poet does n 9 ! lea/ prove _! lat] orig947#a7 7#a7 ,hibb]t ,lectures1 pp4 #acj1 #aca4 ,aft] ,hom] & ,hesiod1 our mo/ anci5t au?orities = ,greek cosmogonic my?s are probably ! s-call$ ,orphic fragm5ts4 ,conc]n+ ! dates & ! mann] ( gr[? ( ^! poems volumes ( erudition h be5 compil$4 ,z ,hom] is sil5t ab\t ,orpheus 79 spite ( ! position :i* ! my?ical ,?racian b>d acquir$ z ! inv5tor ( lett]s & magic & ! fa!r ( ! my/]ies71 x has be5 usual to reg>d ! ,orphic ideas z ( late introduction4 ,we may agree ) ,grote & ,lobeck t ^! ideas & ! ascetic ,orphic mode ( life fir/ acquir$ importance 9 ,greece ab\t ! "t ( ,epim5ides1 or1 r\ghly speak+1 betwe5 #fbj & #ejj ,b4,c47#a7 ,t age c]ta9ly witness$ a curi\s gr[? ( sup]/iti\s fe>s & ( my/ic c]emonies int5d$ to mitigate spiritual t]rors4 ,greece 0 becom+ m intimately acqua9t$ ) ,egypt & ) ,asia1 & 0 comp>+ h] own religion ) ! beliefs & rites ( o!r peoples4 ,! times & ! m9ds ( m5 7 be+ prep>$ = ! cle> philosophies t soon on ,argive heights div9ely sang4 ,j z1 :5 ! old _w 0 ab\t to accept ,*ri/ianity1 a deluge ( ,ori5tal & b>b>ic sup]/itions swept across m5's m9ds1 s imm$iately be=e ! dawn ( ,greek philosophy !re came an irruption ( my/icism & ( spiritual fe>s4 ,we may suppose t ! ,orphic poems 7 collect$1 edit$ & probably int]polat$1 9 ?is d>k h\r ( ,greece4 ,to me1 says ,lobeck1 x appe>s t ! v]ses may be ref]r$ to ! age ( ,onomacritus1 an age curi\s 9 ! writ+s ( anci5t poets1 & attract$ by ! allurem5ts ( my/ic religions4 ,! /yle ( ! surviv+ fragm5ts is suffici5tly pure & epic2 ! /range unhe>d ( my?s are unlike ^? :i* ! ,alex&rian poets drew f f\nta9s long lo/47#b7 ,b h[ mu* 9 ! ,orphic my?s is import$ f ,asia or ,egypt1 h[ mu* is ! inv5tion ( lit]>y =g]s l ,onomacritus1 h[ mu* %\ld be reg>d$ z ! fir/ guesses ( ! physical poet-philosoph]s1 & h[ mu* is truly anci5t popul> leg5d reca/ 9 lit]>y =m1 x is impossible ) c]ta9ty to det]m9e4 7#a7 ,lobeck1 ,aglaophamus1 i4 #cag2 ,grote1 iii4 #hf4 7#b7 ,aglaophamus1 i4 #faa4 ,we mu/ n reg>d a my? z necess>ily late or necess>ily =eign because we fir/ meet x 9 an ,orphic composition4 ,if ! my? be "o ( ! sort :i* enc\nt] u 9 e qu>t]1 nay1 9 e obscure nook ( ! globe1 we may plausibly reg>d x z anci5t4 ,if x be> ! di/9ct m>ks ( be+ a ,neo-platonic pa/i*e1 we may reject x )\t hesitation4 ,on ! :ole1 h[ev]1 our ,orphic au?orities c nev] be quot$ ) mu* satisfaction4 ,! lat] s\rces ( evid5ce = ,greek my?s are n ( great use to ! /ud5t ( cosmogonic leg5d1 ?\gh invaluable :5 we come to treat ( ! e/abli%$ dyna/y ( gods1 ! h]oes & ! culture-h]oes4 ,= ^! ! au?orities are ! :ole range ( ,greek lit]ature1 poets1 dramati/s1 philosoph]s1 critics1 hi/orians & travell]s4 ,we h also ! notes & comm5ts ( ! s*olia/s or comm5tators on ! poets & dramati/s4 ,sometimes ^! annotators only d>k5 c\nsel by _! guesses4 ,sometimes p]haps1 especially 9 ! s*olia on ! ,iliad & ,odyssey1 !y furni% u ) a preci\s my? or popul> m>*5 n o!rwise record$4 ,! regul> pr(essional my?ographi1 aga91 ( :om ,apollodorus 7#aej ,b4,c47 is ! type1 compil$ manuals explanatory ( ! my?s :i* 7 allud$ to by ! poets4 ,! s*olia/s & my?ographi (t5 reta9 my?s f lo/ poems & lo/ plays4 ,f9ally1 f ! travell]s & hi/orians we occasionally glean examples ( ! tales 7holy *apt]s1 z ,mr4 ,grote calls !m7 :i* 7 n>rat$ by prie/s & temple (ficials to ! pilgrims :o visit$ ! sacr$ %r9es4 ,^! *apt]s are almo/ inv>iably pu]ile1 savage & obsc5e4 ,!y be> ! /amp ( extreme antiquity1 because !y nev]1 z a rule1 pass$ ?r\gh ! purify+ m$ium ( lit]ature4 ,!re 7 _m my?s too crude & ar*aic = ! purposes ( poetry & ( ! drama4 ,^! 7 h&$ d[n f local prie/ to local prie/1 ) ! inviolability ( sacr$ & immutable tradition4 ,we h already giv5 a reason = assign+ a high antiquity to ! local temple my?s4 ,j z ,greeks liv$ 9 villages be=e !y ga!r$ into t[ns1 s _! gods 7 gods ( villages or tribes be=e !y 7 national deities4 ,! local my?s are ^? ( ! ar*aic village /ate ( culture1 m anci5t1 m savage1 ?an lit]>y n>rative4 ,v frequ5tly ! local leg5ds 7 subject$ to ! process ( allegorical int]pretation1 z m5 became alive to ! mon/rosity ( _! unsophi/icat$ mean+4 ,(t5 !y prov$ too savage = our au?orities1 :o m]ely rem>k1 ,conc]n+ ?is a c]ta9 holy *apt] is told1 b decl9e to record ! leg5d4 ,9 ! same way mission>ies1 ) mi/ak5 delicacy1 (t5 refuse to repeat "s savage leg5d ) :i* !y are acqua9t$4 ,! late/ sort ( te/imony z to ,greek my?s mu/ be s\ght 9 ! writ+s ( ! hea!n apologi/s or le>n$ ,pagan def5d]s ( ,paganism 9 ! fir/ c5turies dur+ ,*ri/ianity1 & 9 ! works ( _! oppon5ts1 ! fa!rs ( ! ,*ur*4 ,?\gh ! fa!rs c]ta9ly d n und]/ate ! abom9ations ( ,paganism1 & ?\gh ! hea!n apologi/s make free use ( allegorical 7& impossible7 int]pretations1 ! evid5ce ( bo? is (t5 useful & important4 ,! te/imony ( anci5t art1 vases1 /atues1 pictures & ! descriptions ( ^! :]e !y no long] survive1 are also ( s]vice & int]e/4 ,aft] ?is brief exam9ation ( ! s\rces ( our k ( ,greek my?1 we may approa* ! ,hom]ic leg5ds ( ! orig9 ( ?+s & ! _w's beg9n+4 ,9 ,hom] ^! matt]s are only ref]r$ to incid5tally4 ,he m ?an once calls ,oceanus 7t is1 ! fabl$ /ream :i* fl[s all r\nd ! _w1 "h reg>d$ z a ,,p]son7 ! orig9 ( ! gods1 ! orig9 ( all ?+s47#a7 ,t ,ocean is consid]$ a p]son1 & t he is n an allegory = wat] or ! aque\s elem5t1 appe>s f ! spee* ( ,h]a to ,aphrodite3 ,i am go+ to visit ! limits ( ! b\ntiful e>?1 & ,oceanus1 fa!r ( ! gods1 & "m ,te?ys1 :o re>$ me duly & nurtur$ me 9 _! halls1 :5 f>-see+ ,zeus imprison$ ,cronus b5ea? ! e>? & ! unv9tag$ sea47#b7 ,hom] does n appe> to "k ,uranus z ! fa!r ( ,cronus1 & ?us ! my? ( ! mutilation ( ,uranus necess>ily does n occur 9 ,hom]4 ,cronus1 ! head ( ! dyna/y :i* prec$$ t ( ,zeus1 is describ$7#c7 z ! son ( ,rhea1 b no?+ is said ( 8 fa!r4 ,! passage conta9s ! acc\nt :i* ,poseidon himself *ose to give ( ! w> 9 heav53 ,?ree bre?r5 are we1 & sons ( ,cronus :om ,rhea b>e--,zeus & myself1 & ,hades is ! ?ird1 ! rul] ( ! folk 9 ! und]world4 ,& 9 ?ree lots 7 all ?+s divid$1 & ea* drew a doma9 ( 8 own4 ,"h ,zeus is ! ,,elde/ son ( ,cronus4 ,?\gh lots are drawn at haz>d = ! prop]ty ( ! fa!r 7:i* we "k to h be5 cu/om>y 9 ,hom]'s "t71 yet ?r\gh\t ! ,iliad ,zeus con/antly claims ! respect & ob$i5ce due to him by "r ( primog5iture47#d7 ,we %all see t ,hesiod adopts exactly ! opposite view4 ,zeus is ! ,,y\nge/ *ild ( ,cronus4 ,8 supremacy is an example ( jung/5 re*t1 ! wide-spread cu/om :i* makes ! y\nge/ *ild ! heir 9 *ief47#e7 ,b h[ did ! sons ( ,cronus come to h 8 prop]ty 9 _! h&s to divide8 ,by "r ( successful rebellion1 :5 ,zeus imprison$ ,cronus b5ea? ! e>? & ! unv9tag$ sea4 ,) ,cronus 9 8 imprisonm5t are ! ,titans4 ,t is all t ,hom] c>es to tell ab\t ! absolute beg9n+ ( ?+s & ! fir/ dyna/y ( rul]s ( ,olympus4 ,8 int]e/ is all 9 ! actual reign+ family1 t ( ! ,cronidae1 nor is he fond ( report+ _! y\?ful excesses4 7#a7 ,iliad1 xiv4 #bja1 #cjb1 #bdf4 7#b7 ,9 read+ :at ,hom] & ,hesiod report ab\t ^! matt]s1 we mu/ rememb] t all ! =ces & ph5om5a are conceiv$ ( by !m z ,,p]sons4 ,9 ?is reg>d ! ar*aic & savage view ( all ?+s z p]sonal & human is pres]v$4 ,i ma9ta91 says ,grote1 moreov]1 fully ! "* ( ^! great div9e ag5ts z p]sons1 :i* is ! light 9 :i* !y pres5t$ !mselves to ! ,hom]ic or ,hesiodic audi5ce4 ,uranus1 ,nyx1 ,hypnos & ,oneiros 7heav51 night1 sleep & dream7 are p]sons j z mu* z ,zeus or ,apollo4 ,to resolve !m into m]e allegories is unsafe & unpr(itable4 ,we !n dep>t f ! po9t ( view ( ! orig9al he>]s )\t acquir+ any consi/5t or philosophical po9t ( view ( our own4 ,?is holds good ?\gh portions ( ! ,hesiodic g5ealogies are di/9ctly poetic allegories ca/ 9 ! m\ld or ! anci5t p]sonal !ory ( ?+s4 7#c7 ,iliad1 xv4 #ahg4 7#d7 ,! cu/om by :i* sons drew lots = equal %>es ( _! dead fa!r's prop]ty is describ$ 9 ,odyssey1 xiv4 #aii-bab4 ,"h ,odysseus1 giv+ a false acc\nt ( himself1 says t he 0 a ,cretan1 a ba/>d1 & t 8 half-bro!rs1 born 9 w$lock1 drew lots = _! fa!r's inh]itance1 & did n admit him to ! draw+1 b gave him a small portion ap>t4 7#e7 ,see ,elton1 ,orig9s ( ,engli% ,hi/ory1 pp4 #ahe-bjg4 ,we n[ turn f ,hom]'s incid5tal allusions to ! ample & sy/ematic n>rative ( ,hesiod4 ,z ,mr4 ,grote says1 ,m5 habitually took _! in=mation respect+ _! !ogonic antiquities f ! ,hesiodic poems4 ,hesiod 0 accept$ z an au?ority bo? by ! pi\s ,pausanias 9 ! second c5tury ( our era--:o prote/$ aga9/ any attempt to alt] /ories ab\t ! gods--& by moral re=m]s l ,plato & ,x5ophanes1 :o 7 revolt$ by ! anci5t leg5ds17#a7 &1 inde$1 d5i$ _! tru?4 ,yet1 ?\gh ,hesiod repres5ts ,greek or?odoxy1 we h obs]v$ t ,hom] 7^: epics are probably /ill m anci5t7 /eadily ignores ! m b>b>\s portions ( ,hesiod's n>rative4 ,?us ! "q arises3 ,are ! /ories ( ,hesiod's inv5tion1 & lat] ?an ,hom]1 or does ,hom]'s g5ius half-unconsci\sly purify mat]ials l ^? :i* ,hesiod pres5ts 9 ! crude/ =m8 ,mr4 ,grote says3 ,h[ f> ^! /ories are ! inv5tion ( ,hesiod himself x is impossible to det]m9e4 ,!y br+ u d[n to a ca/ ( fancy m co>se & indelicate ?an ! ,hom]ic1 & m ne>ly resemble "s ( ! holy *apt]s 77,greek text omitt$77 ( ! m rec5t my/]ies1 su*1 = example1 z ! tale ( ,dionysus ,zagreus4 ,!re is evid5ce 9 ! ,!ogony itself t ! au?or 0 acqua9t$ ) local leg5ds curr5t bo? at ,krete & at ,delphi1 = he m5tions bo? ! m\nta9-cave 9 ,krete :]e9 ! newly-born ,zeus 0 hidd51 & ! /one ne> ! ,delphian temple--! id5tical /one :i* ,kronos _h swall[$--plac$ by ,zeus himself z a sign & m>vel to mortal m54 ,bo? ^! monum5ts1 :i* ! poet expressly ref]s to1 & _h probably se51 imply a :ole tra9 ( accessory & explanatory local leg5ds1 curr5t probably among ! prie/s ( ,krete & ,delphi4 7#a7 ,timaeeus1 #da2 ,republic1 #cgg4 ,all ^! circum/ances appe> to be good evid5ce ( ! great antiquity ( ! leg5ds record$ by ,hesiod4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 argu+ m]ely a priori1 x is extremely improbable t 9 ! brief int]val betwe5 ! date ( ! comp>atively pure & noble my?ology ( ! ,iliad & ! mu* rud] ,!ogony ( ,hesiod m5 ,,inv5t$ /ories l ! mutilation ( ,uranus1 & ! swall[+ ( 8 (fspr+ by ,cronus4 ,! =m] leg5d is almo/ exactly p>allel1 z has already be5 %[n1 to ! my? ( ,papa & ,rangi 9 ,new ,zeal&4 ,! lat] has its p>allels among ! savage ,bu%m5 & ,au/ralians4 ,x is highly improbable t m5 9 an age s civilis$ z t ( ,hom] inv5t$ my?s z hide\s z ^? ( ! l[e/ savages4 ,b if we take ^! my?s to be1 n new inv5tions1 b ! sacr$ /ories ( local prie/hoods1 _! antiquity is probably incalculable4 ,! sacr$ /ories1 z we "k f ,pausanias1 ,h]odotus & f all ! writ]s :o t\* on ! subject ( ! my/]ies1 7 my?s communicat$ by ! prie/s to ! initiat$4 ,plato speaks ( su* my?s 9 ! ,republic1 #cgh3 ,if !re is an absolute necessity = _! m5tion1 a v few might he> !m 9 a my/]y1 & !n let !m sacrifice1 n a common pig1 b "s huge & unprocurable victim2 ?is w\ld h ! effect ( v greatly dim9i%+ ! numb] ( ! he>]s4 ,?is is an amus+ example ( a plan = veil+ ! horrors ( my?4 ,! pig 0 ! animal usually (f]$ to ,demet]1 ! goddess ( ! ,eleus9ian my/]ies4 ,plato proposes to sub/itute "s unprocurable bea/1 p]haps a giraffe or an elephant4 ,to ,hesiod1 !n1 we mu/ turn = :at is ! e>lie/ complete lit]>y =m ( ! ,greek cosmogonic my?4 ,hesiod beg9s1 l ! ,new ,zeal&]s1 ) ! augu/ race ( gods1 by e>? & wide heav5 begott547#a7 ,s ! ,new ,zeal&]s1 z we h se51 say1 ,! heav5 :i* is above u1 & ! e>? :i* is b5ea? u1 are ! prog5itors ( m5 & ! orig9 ( all ?+s4 ,hesiod7#b7 some:at diff]s f ?is view by mak+ ,*aos absolutely fir/ ( all ?+s1 foll[$ by wide-bosom$ ,e>?1 ,t>t>us & ,eros 7love74 ,*aos unaid$ produc$ ,erebus & ,night2 ! *ildr5 ( ,night & ,erebus are ,ae!r & ,day4 ,e>? produc$ ,heav51 :o !n became h] own lov]1 & to ,heav5 %e bore ,oceanus1 & ! ,titans1 ,coeeus & ,crius1 ,hyp]ion & ,iapetus1 ,!a & ,rhea1 ,!mis1 ,mnemosyne1 ,phoebe1 ,te?ys1 & y\nge/ aft] ^! 0 born ,cronus ( crook$ c\nsel1 ! mo/ dreadful ( h] *ildr51 :o ev] dete/$ 8 puissant sire1 ,heav54 ,!re 7 o!r sons ( ,e>? & ,heav5 peculi>ly hateful to _! fa!r17#c7 & ^! ,uranus us$ to hide f ! light 9 a holl[ ( ,gaea4 ,bo? !y & ,gaea res5t$ ?is treatm5t1 & ! ,titans1 l ! *ildr5 ( ,heav5 & ,e>?1 9 ! ,new ,zeal& poem1 s\ght to disc]n ! diff]5ce betwe5 light & d>kness4 ,gaea 7unlike ,e>? 9 ! ,new ,zeal& my?1 = !re %e is purely passive71 conspir$ ) h] *ildr51 produc$ iron1 & ask$ h] sons to av5ge _! wrongs47#d7 ,fe> fell ^u all ( !m save ,cronus1 :o 7l ,tane ,mahuta 9 ! ,maori poem7 det]m9$ to end ! embraces ( ,e>? & ,heav54 ,b :ile ! ,new ,zeal&1 l ! ,indo-,aryan my?17#e7 conceives ( ,e>? & ,heav5 z two be+s :o h nev] previ\sly be5 sund]$ at all1 ,hesiod makes ,heav5 amor\sly approa* 8 sp\se f a di/ance4 ,?is 0 ! mom5t = ,cronus17#f7 :o /ret*$ out 8 h& arm$ ) ! sickle ( iron1 & mutilat$ ,uranus4 ,z 9 s _m savage my?s1 ! blood ( ! w\nd$ god fall5 on ! gr\nd produc$ /range creatures1 nymphs ( ! a%-tree1 giants & furies4 ,z 9 ! ,maori my?1 "o ( ! *ildr5 ( ,heav5 /ood ap>t & did n cons5t to ! de$4 ,?is 0 ,oceanus 9 ,greece17#g7 & 9 ,new ,zeal& x 0 ,ta:iri ,matea1 ! w9d1 :o arose & foll[$ 8 fa!r1 ,heav51 & rema9$ ) him 9 ! op5 spaces ( ! sky4 ,uranus n[ pr$ict$7#h7 t !re w\ld come a day ( v5geance = ! evil de$ ( ,cronus1 & s ends ! dyna/y ( ,uranus4 7#a7 ,!og41 #de4 7#b7 ,ibid41 #aaf4 7#c7 ,ibid41 #aee4 7#d7 ,ibid41 #aff4 7#e7 ,muir1 v4 #bc1 quot+ ,ait>eya ,brahmana1 iv4 #bg3 ,^! two worlds 7 once jo9$2 subsequ5tly !y sep>at$4 7#f7 ,!og41 #age-ahe4 7#g7 ,apollod41 i1 #ae4 7#h7 ,!og41 #bji4 ,?is /ory 0 "o ( ! great /umbl+-blocks ( or?odox ,greece4 ,x 0 ! tale t ,plato said %\ld be told1 if at all1 only to a few 9 a my/]y1 aft] ! sacrifice ( "s r>e & sc>cely obta9able animal4 ,ev5 among ! ,maoris1 ! conduct ( ! *ildr5 :o sev]$ _! fa!r & "m is reg>d$ z a s+ul> in/ance ( iniquity1 & is told to *ildr5 z a moral w>n+1 an example to be condemn$4 ,9 ,greece1 on ! o!r h&1 unless we are to take ! ,eu?yphro z :olly ironical1 "s ( ! pi\s ju/ifi$ _! conduct by ! example ( ,zeus4 ,eu?yphro quotes ?is example :5 he is ab\t to prosecute 8 own fa!r1 = :i* act1 he says1 ,m5 are angry ) ,,me2 s inconsi/5tly d !y talk :5 ,i am conc]n$ & :5 ! gods are conc]n$47#a7 ,b 9 ,greek ,,! ,,tale ,,has ,,no ,,mean+4 ,x has be5 allegoris$ 9 v>i\s ways1 & ,lafitau fanci$ t x 0 a di/ort$ =m ( ! ,biblical acc\nt ( ! orig9 ( s94 ,9 ,maori ! leg5d is p]fectly intelligible4 ,heav5 & e>? 7 conceiv$ ( 7l ev]y?+ else71 z be+s ) human p>ts & passions1 l9k$ 9 an endless embrace :i* cru%$ & d>k5$ _! *ildr54 ,x became necess>y to sep>ate !m1 & ?is feat 0 a*iev$ n )\t pa94 ,!n wail$ ! ,heav51 & exclaim$ ! ,e>?1 ',:]e=e ?is murd]8 ,:y ?is great s98 ,:y sep>ate u8' ,b :at c>$ ,tane8 ,upw>ds he s5t "o & d[nw>ds ! o!r4 ,he cruelly sev]$ ! s9ews :i* unit$ ,heav5 & ,e>?47#b7 ,! ,greek my? too1 contemplat$ e>? & heav5 z be+s corporeally unit$1 & heav5 z a malignant p[] t conceal$ 8 *ildr5 9 d>kness4 7#a7 ,eu?yphro1 #f4 7#b7 ,taylor1 ,new ,zeal&1 #aai4 ,b :ile ! conception ( heav5 & e>? z p>5ts ( liv+ ?+s rema9s p]fectly intelligible 9 "o s5se1 ! vivid p]sonification :i* reg>d$ !m z creatures ) human p>ts & passions _h ceas$ to be intelligible 9 ,greece be=e ! times ( ! e>lie/ philosoph]s4 ,! old physical conception ( ! pair became a metaphor1 & ! acc\nt ( _! r5d+ asund] by _! *ildr5 lo/ all significance1 & seem$ to be an abom9able & un9telligible my?4 ,:5 exam9$ 9 ! light ( ! ,new ,zeal& /ory1 & ( ! fact t e>ly peoples d reg>d all ph5om5a z human be+s1 ) physical attributes l ^? ( m51 ! leg5d ( ,cronus1 & ,uranus1 & ,gaea ceases to be a my/]y4 ,x is1 at bottom1 a savage explanation 7z 9 ! ,samoan /ory7 ( ! sep>ation ( e>? & heav51 an explanation :i* c\ld only h occurr$ to p 9 a /ate ( m9d :i* civilisation has =gott54 ,! next g5]ation ( ,hesiodic gods 7if gods we are to call ! memb]s ( ?is race ( non-natural m57 0 n m =tunate ?an ! fir/ 9 its family relations4 ,cronus w$d$ 8 si/]1 ,rhea1 & begat ,demet]1 ,h]a1 ,hades1 ,poseidon1 & ! y\nge/1 ,zeus4 ,& mighty ,cronus swall[$ d[n ea* ( !m1 ea* t came to _! "m's knees f h] holy womb1 ) ?is int5t t none o!r ( ! pr\d sons ( heav5 %\ld hold 8 k+ly sway among ! immortals4 ,heav5 & ,e>? _h w>n$ him t he too %\ld fall ?r\gh 8 *ildr54 ,:]e=e he kept no va9 wat*1 b spi$ & swall[$ d[n ea* ( 8 (fspr+1 :ile grief immitigable took possession ( ,rhea47#a7 ,rhea1 be+ ab\t to become ! "m ( ,zeus1 took c\nsel ) ,uranus & ,gaea4 ,by _! advice %e w5t to ,crete1 :]e ,zeus 0 born1 &1 9 place ( ! *ild1 %e pres5t$ to ,cronus a huge /one swa!d 9 swaddl+ b&s4 ,?is he swall[$1 & 0 easy 9 8 m9d4 ,zeus grew up1 & by "s means1 sugge/$ by ,gaea1 compell$ ,zeus to disgorge all 8 (fspr+4 ,& he vomit$ out ! /one fir/1 z he _h swall[$ x la/47#b7 ,! swall[$ *ildr5 em]g$ alive1 & ,zeus fix$ ! /one at ,py?o 7,delphi71 :]e ,pausanias7#c7 _h ! privilege ( see+ x1 & :]e1 z x did n tempt ! cupidity ( b>b>\s invad]s1 x probably /ill exi/s4 ,x 0 n a l>ge /one1 ,pausanias says1 & ! ,delphians us$ to p\r oil ov] x1 z ,jacob did7#d7 to ! /one at ,be!l1 & on fea/-days !y cov]$ x ) wraps ( wool4 ,! cu/om ( sme>+ feti%-/ones 7:i* ,!ophra/us m5tions z "o ( ! practices ( ! sup]/iti\s man7 is cle>ly a survival f ! savage /age ( religion4 ,z a rule1 h[ev]1 among savages1 feti%-/ones are daub$ ) r$ pa9t 7l ! face ( ! wood5 anci5t ,dionysi 9 ,greece1 & ( ,tsui ,goab among ! ,hott5tots71 n sme>$ ) oil47#e7 7#a7 ,!og41 #dfj1 #dfe4 7#b7 ,!og41 #dih4 7#c7 x4 #bde4 7#d7 ,g54 xxviii4 #ah4 7#e7 ,pausanias1 ii4 #b1 #e4 ,*ur+a 9 ,au/ralia are greas$ ) ! natural moi/ure ( ! palm ( ! h&1 & rubb$ ) r$ o*re4--,sp5c] & ,gill54 ,!y are sacr$ ?+s1 b n exactly feti%es4 ,! my? ( ! swall[+ & disgorg+ ( 8 own *ildr5 by ,cronus 0 ano!r ( ! /umbl+-blocks ( ,greek or?odoxy4 ,! common explanation1 t ,"t 77,greek text omitt$77 does swall[ 8 *ildr51 ! days1 is n q satisfactory4 ,"t br+s nev] ! pa/ back aga91 z ,cronus did4 ,besides1 ! my? ( ! swall[+ is n conf9$ to ,cronus4 ,mod]n philology has giv51 z usual1 diff]5t analyses ( ! mean+ ( ! "n ( ! god4 ,h]mann1 ) ,prell]1 d]ives x f 7,greek text omitt$71 to fulfil4 ,! h>ve/-mon?1 says ,prell]1 0 nam$ ,cronion 9 ,greece1 & ,cronia 0 ! title ( ! h>ve/-fe/ival4 ,! sickle ( ,cronus is ?us br\ght into connection ) ! sickle ( ! h>ve/]47#a7 7#a7 ,prell]1 ,gr4 ,my?41 i4 #dd2 ,h>tung1 ii4 #dh2 ,porphyry1 ,ab/41 ii4 #ed4 ,welck] w n he> ( ?is etymology1 ,gr4 gott41 i4 #ade1 note #i4 ,! second my?1 9 :i* ,cronus swall[s 8 *ildr51 has num]\s p>allels 9 savage leg5d4 ,bu%m5 tell ( ,kwai ,hemm1 ! dev\r]1 :o swall[s t great god1 ! mantis insect1 & disgorges him alive ) all ! o!r p]sons & animals :om he has engulph$ 9 ! c\rse ( a long & voraci\s c>e]47#a7 ,! moon 9 ,au/ralia1 :ile he liv$ on e>?1 0 v gre$y1 & swall[$ ! eagle-god1 :om he _h to disgorge4 ,mr4 ,im ,?urn f\nd simil> tales among ! ,indians ( ,guiana4 ,! swall[+ & disgorg+ ( ,h]acles by ! mon/] t 0 to slay ,hesione is well kn[n4 ,scot* peasants tell ( ! same feats1 b localise ! my? on ! banks ( ! ,k5 9 ,gall[ay4 ,basutos1 ,eskimos1 ,zulus & ,european fairy tales all possess ?is incid5t1 ! swall[+ ( _m p]sons by a be+ f ^: maw !y return alive & 9 good case4 7#a7 ,bleek1 ,bu%man ,folk-lore1 pp4 #f1 #h4 ,a my?ical conception :i* prevails f ,gre5l& to ,s\? ,africa1 f ,delphi to ! ,solomon ,isl&s1 f ,brittany to ! %ores ( ,lake ,sup]ior1 mu/ h "s f\ndation 9 ! common elem5ts ( human nature47#a7 ,n[ x seems highly probable t ?is curi\s idea may h be5 orig9ally inv5t$ 9 an attempt to expla9 natural ph5om5a by a nature-my?4 ,x has already be5 %[n 7*apt] v47 t eclipses are int]pret$1 ev5 by ! peasantry ( advanc$ races1 z ! swall[+ ( ! moon by a bea/ or a mon/]4 ,! ,piutes acc\nt = ! disappe>ance ( ! />s 9 ! daytime by ! hypo!sis t ! sun swall[s 8 *ildr54 ,9 ! ,melanesian my?1 dawn is cut out ( ! body ( night by ,qat1 arm$ ) a knife ( r$ obsidian4 ,"h are examples7#b7 ( transp>5t nature-my?s 9 :i* ?is idea occurs = obvi\s explanatory purposes1 & 9 accordance ) ! laws ( ! savage imag9ation4 ,?us ! conception ( ! swall[+ & disgorg+ be+ may v well h aris5 out ( a nature-my?4 ,b :y is ! notion atta*$ to ! leg5d ( ,cronus8 7#a7 ,! my? ( ,cronus & ! swall[$ *ildr5 & ! /one is transf]r$ to ,g>gantua4 ,see ,sebillot1 ,g>gantua dans les ,traditions ,populaires4 ,b x is impossible to be c]ta9 t ?is is n an example ( direct borr[+ by ,madame ,de ,c]ny 9 h] ,sa9t ,suliac1 p4 #fi4 7#b7 ,comp>e ,tylor1 ,prim4 ,cult41 i4 #cch4 ,t is precisely ! "q ab\t :i* my?ologi/s diff]1 z has be5 %[n1 & p]haps x is bett] to (f] no explanation4 ,h[ev] /ories arise--& ?is /ory probably arose f a nature-my?--x is c]ta9 t !y w&] ab\t ! _w1 t !y *ange ma/]s1 & ?us a leg5d :i* is told ( a pr9cess ) an impossible "n 9 ,zulul& is told ( ! "m ( ,*>lemagne 9 ,france4 ,! tale ( ! swall[+ may h be5 attribut$ to ,cronus1 z a great trucul5t deity1 ?\gh x has no p>ticul> elem5tal signification 9 connection ) 8 leg5d4 ,?is peculi>ly savage trick ( swall[+ ea* o!r became an inh]it$ habit 9 ! family ( ,cronus4 ,:5 ,zeus rea*$ ye>s ( discretion1 he m>ri$ ,metis1 & ?is lady1 accord+ to ! s*olia/ on ,hesiod1 _h ! p[] ( trans=m+ h]self into any %ape %e pleas$4 ,:5 %e 0 ab\t to be a "m1 ,zeus induc$ h] to assume ! %ape ( a fly & in/antly swall[$ h]47#a7 ,9 behav+ ?us1 ,zeus act$ on ! advice ( ,uranus & ,gaea4 ,x 0 fe>$ t ,metis w\ld produce a *ild m p[]ful ?an 8 fa!r4 ,zeus avoid$ ?is p]il by swall[+ 8 wife1 & himself gave bir? to ,a!ne4 ,! notion ( swall[+ a ho/ile p]son1 :o has be5 *ang$ by magic into a conv5i5tly small bulk1 is v common4 ,x occurs 9 ! /ory ( ,talies947#b7 ,c>idw51 9 ! %ape ( a h51 swall[s ,gwion ,ba*1 9 ! =m ( a gra9 ( :eat4 ,9 ! same mann] ! pr9cess 9 ! ,arabian ,nights swall[$ ! ,g5i4 ,"h !n we h 9 ! ,hesiodic my? an old m>*5 press$ into ! s]vice ( ! high] my?ology4 ,! appreh5sion :i* ,zeus 7l ,h]od & ,k+ ,ar?ur7 always felt le/ an unborn *ild %\ld ov]?r[ him1 0 also famili> to ,indra2 b1 in/ead ( swall[+ ! "m & conceal+ h] 9 8 own body1 l ,zeus1 ,indra ent]$ ! "m's body1 & himself 0 born in/ead ( ! dread$ *ild47#c7 ,a c[ on ?is occasion 0 born along ) ,indra4 ,?is adv5ture ( ! 7,greek text omitt$7 or swall[+ ( ,metis 0 expla9$ by ! late ,platoni/s z a ,platonic allegory4 ,probably ! p :o orig9at$ ! tale 7 n ,platoni/s1 any m ?an ,p&>us 0 all ,ari/otelian4 7#a7 ,hesiod1 ,!ogonia1 #hhf4 ,see ,s*olia/ & note 9 ,aglaophamus1 i4 #fac4 ,comp>e ,puss 9 ,boots & ! ,ogre4 7#b7 ,mab9ogion1 p4 #dgc4 7#c7 ,black ,yajur ,v$a1 quot$ by ,sayana4 ,aft] ,hom] & ,hesiod1 ! olde/ lit]>y au?orities = ,greek cosmogonic my?s are ! poems attribut$ to ,orpheus4 ,ab\t _! probable date1 z has be5 said1 little is kn[n4 ,!y h rea*$ u only 9 fragm5ts1 b seem to conta9 ! fir/ guesses ( a philosophy n yet dis5gag$ f my?ical conditions4 ,! poet pres]ves1 inde$1 "s extremely rude t\*es ( e>ly imag9ation1 :ile at ! same "t "o ( ! noble/ & bolde/ expressions ( pan!i/ic ?\ght is attribut$ to him4 ,f ! same s\rce are drawn ideas z pure z ^? ( ! philosophical ,v$ic hymn17#a7 & z wild z ^? ( ! ,v$ic ,puru%a ,sukta1 or leg5d ( ! fa%ion+ ( ! _w out ( ! mangl$ limbs ( ,puru%a4 ,! au?ors ( ! ,orphic cosmogony appe> to h begun ) "s rem>ks on ,"t 77,greek text omitt$774 ,"t 0 :5 z yet ?is _w 0 n47#b7 ,"t1 reg>d$ 9 ! my?ical fa%ion z a p]son1 g5]at$ ,*aos & ,ae!r4 ,! ,orphic poet /yles ,*aos 7,greek text omitt$71 ! mon/r\s gulph1 or gap4 ,?is t]m curi\sly rem9ds "o ( ,g9nunga-gap 9 ! ,sc&9avian cosmogonic leg5ds4 ,g9nunga-gap 0 light z w9dless air1 & !re9 ! bla/ ( heat met ! cold rime1 :5ce ,ymir 0 g5]at$1 ! ,puru%a ( ,nor!rn fable47#c7 ,^! ideas correspond well ) ! ,orphic conception ( primitive space47#d7 7#a7 ,rig-,v$a1 x4 #ij4 7#b7 ,lobeck1 ,aglaophamus1 i4 #dgj4 ,see also ! quotations f ,proclus4 7#c7 ,gylfi's ,mock+4 7#d7 ,aglaophamus1 p4 #dgc4 ,9 process ( "t ,*aos produc$ an egg1 %9+ & silv] :ite4 ,x is absurd to inquire1 accord+ to ,lobeck1 :e!r ! poet borr[$ ?is widely spread notion ( a cosmic egg f ,pho5icia1 ,babylon1 ,egypt 7:]e ! goose-god ,seb laid ! egg71 or :e!r ! ,orphic s+] orig9at$ s obvi\s an idea4 ,qua]]e ludicrum e/4 ,! conception may h be5 borr[$1 b manife/ly x is "o ( ! e>lie/ hypo!ses t occur to ! rude imag9ation4 ,we h n[ ?ree primitive g5]ations1 "t1 *aos1 ! egg1 & 9 ! f\r? g5]ation ! egg gave bir? to ,phanes1 ! great h]o ( ! ,orphic cosmogony47#a7 ,! e>lie/ & rude/ ?9k]s 7 puzzl$1 z _m savage cosmogonic my?s h demon/rat$1 to acc\nt = ! orig9 ( life4 ,! my?s frequ5tly hit on ! !ory ( a h]maphroditic be+1 bo? male & female1 :o produces ano!r be+ out ( himself4 ,prajapati 9 ! ,indian /ories1 & ,hrim?urs> 9 ,sc&9avian leg5d--"o ( 8 feet got a son on ! o!r--) ,lox 9 ! ,algonqu9 tale are examples ( ^! d\ble-sex$ p]sonages4 ,9 ! ,orphic poem1 ,phanes is bo? male & female4 ,?is ,phanes held )9 him ! se$ ( all ! gods17#b7 & 8 "n is confus$ ) ! names ( ,metis & ,ericapaeus 9 a k9d ( tr9ity4 ,all ?is "p ( ! ,orphic doctr9e is greatly obscur$ by ! allegorical & !osophi/ic int]pretations ( ! late ,platoni/s long aft] our era1 :o1 z usual1 insi/$ on f9d+ _! own tr9it>ian ideas1 comm5ta frigidissima1 conceal$ "u ! my?ical n>rative47#c7 7#a7 ,clem5s ,alexan41 p4 #fgb4 7#b7 ,damascius1 ap4 ,lobeck1 i4 #dha4 7#c7 ,aglaoph41 i4 #dhc4 ,ano!r description by ,hi]onymus ( ! fir/ be+1 ! ,orphic ,phanes1 z a s]p5t ) bull's & lion's heads1 ) a human face 9 ! middle & w+s on ! %\ld]s1 is suffici5tly rude & s5seless4 ,b ^! physical attributes c\ld easily be expla9$ away z types ( any?+ ! ,platoni/ pleas$47#a7 ,! ,orphic ,phanes1 too1 0 almo/ z _m-head$ z a giant 9 a fairy tale1 or z ,puru%a 9 ! ,rig-,v$a4 ,he _h a ram's head1 a bull's head1 a snake's head & a lion's head1 & glanc$ ar\nd ) f\r eyes1 presumably human47#b7 ,?is rem>kable be+ 0 also provid$ ) gold5 w+s4 ,! nature ( ! physical arrangem5ts by :i* ,phanes became capable ( orig9at+ life 9 ! _w is describ$ 9 a /yle s savage & crude t ! read] mu/ be ref]r$ to ,suidas = ! orig9al text47#c7 ,! tale is wor?y ( ! ,swift-l fancy ( ! ,au/ralian ,n>r9y]i4 7#a7 ,damascius1 #cha1 ap4 ,lobeck1 i4 #dhd4 7#b7 ,h]mias 9 ,pha$r4 ap4 ,lobeck1 i4 #dic4 7#c7 ,suidas s4 v4 ,phanes4 ,no?+ c be easi] or m delusive ?an to expla9 all ?is wild "p ( ! ,orphic cosmogony z an allegorical veil ( any mod]n ideas we *oose to select4 ,b :y ! allegory %\ld closely imitate ! r\gh guesses ( uncivilis$ peoples1 ,ahts1 ,digg]s1 ,zunis1 ,cahrocs1 x is less easy to expla94 ,we c readily imag9e ,african or ,am]ican tribes :o 7 accu/om$ to rev]e bulls1 rams1 snakes1 & s =?1 ascrib+ ! heads ( all _! v>i\s animal patrons to ! deity ( _! conf$]ation4 ,we c easily see h[ su* races z practise ! savage rites ( pub]ty %\ld attribute to ! fir/ be+ ! special organs ( ,phanes4 ,b on ! ,neo-,platonic hypo!sis t ,orpheus 0 a se] ( ,neo-,platonic op9ions1 we d n see :y he %\ld h veil$ 8 ideas "u s savage an allegory4 ,?is "p ( ! ,orphic speculation is left 9 judici\s sil5ce by "s mod]n comm5tators1 su* z ,m4 ,d>me/et] 9 ,les ,cosmogonies ,ary5nes47#a7 ,inde$1 if we *oose to reg>d ,apollonius ,rhodius1 an ,alex&r9e poet writ+ 9 a highly civilis$ age1 z ! repres5tative ( ,orphicism1 x is easy to mask & pass by ! m /]n & *>act]i/ic =tresses ( ! ,orphic div9e4 ,! !riomorphic ,phanes is a mu* less ,aryan & agreeable object ?an ! glori\s gold5-w+$ ,eros1 ! love-god ( ,apollonius ,rhodius & ,ari/ophanes47#b7 7#a7 ,essais ,ori5taux1 p4 #aff4 7#b7 ,argonautica1 #a-ab2 ,aves1 #fic4 ,on ! :ole1 ! ,orphic fragm5ts appe> to conta9 survivals ( savage my?s ( ! orig9 ( ?+s bl5d$ ) pur] speculations4 ,! savage ideas are f9ally expla9$ by late philosoph]s z allegorical veils & ve/m5ts ( philosophy2 b ! int]pretation is arbitr>y1 & v>ies ) ! ta/e & fancy ( ea* int]pret]4 ,mean:ile ! co9cid5ce ( ! wild] elem5ts ) ! speculations native to races 9 ! l[e/ grades ( civilisation is und5iable4 ,?is op9ion is confirm$ by ! ,greek my?s ( ! orig9 ( ,man4 ,^!1 too1 co9cide ) ! v>i\s absurd conjectures ( savages4 ,9 /udy+ ! v>i\s ,greek local leg5ds ( ! orig9 ( ,man1 we enc\nt] ! difficulty ( sep>at+ !m f ! my?s ( h]oes1 :i* x w be m conv5i5t to treat sep>ately4 ,?is difficulty we h already met 9 our treatm5t ( savage traditions ( ! beg9n+s ( ! race4 ,?us we saw t among ! ,melanesians1 ,qat1 & among ! ,ahts1 ,quawteaht1 7 h]oic p]sons1 :o made m5 & mo/ o!r ?+s4 ,b x 0 desirable to keep _! p]=mances ( ?is sort sep>ate f _! o!r feats1 _! introduction ( fire1 = example1 & ( v>i\s arts4 ,9 ! same way x w be well1 9 review+ ,greek leg5ds1 to keep ,prome!us' %>e 9 ! mak+ ( m5 ap>t f ! o!r /ories ( 8 exploits z a b5efactor ( ! m5 :om he made4 ,9 ,hesiod1 ,prome!us is ! son ( ! ,titan ,iapetus1 & p]haps 8 *ief exploit is to play ^u ,zeus a trick ( :i* we f9d ! p>allel 9 v>i\s savage my?s4 ,x seems1 h[ev]1 f ,ovid7#a7 & o!r texts1 t ,hesiod some:]e spoke ( ,prome!us z hav+ made m5 out ( clay1 l ,pund-jel 9 ! ,au/ralian1 ,qat 9 ! ,melanesian & ,tiki 9 ! ,maori my?s4 ,! same /ory is pres]v$ 9 ,s]vius's comm5t>y on ,virgil47#b7 ,a diff]5t leg5d is pres]v$ 9 ! ,etymologicum ,magnum 7voc4 ,ikonion74 ,accord+ to ?is /ory1 aft] ! deluge ( ,deucalion1 ,zeus bade ,prome!us & ,a!ne make images ( m5 out ( clay1 & ! w9ds blew into !m ! brea? ( life4 ,9 confirmation ( ?is leg5d1 ,pausanias 0 %[n 9 ,phocis c]ta9 /ones ( ! col\r ( clay1 & smell+ v l human fle%2 & ^!1 accord+ to ! ,phocians1 7 ! rema9s ( ! clay f :i* ! :ole human race 0 fa%ion$ by ,prome!us47#c7 7#a7 ,ovid4 ,metam4 i4 #hb4 7#b7 ,eclogue1 vi4 #db4 7#c7 ,pausanias1 x4 #d1 #c4 ,ari/ophanes1 too1 9 ! ,birds 7#fhf7 talks ( m5 z 7,greek text omitt$71 figures knead$ ( clay4 ,?us !re are suffici5t traces 9 ,greek tradition ( ! savage my? t man 0 made ( clay by "s sup]ior be+1 l ,pund-jel 9 ! qua9t ,au/ralian /ory4 ,we saw t among v>i\s rude races o!r !ories ( ! orig9 ( man 7 curr5t4 ,m5 7 ?\ght to h come out ( a hole 9 ! gr\nd or a b$ ( re$s1 & sometimes ! v sc5e ( _! fir/ appe>ance 0 /ill kn[n & po9t$ out to ! curi\s4 ,?is my? 0 curr5t among races :o reg>d$ !mselves z ! only p ^: orig9 ne$$ explanation4 ,o!r /ories repres5t$ man z ! fruit ( a tree1 or ! *ild ( a rock or /one1 or z ! desc5dant ( "o ( ! l[] animals4 ,examples ( ^! op9ions 9 ,greek leg5d are n[ to be giv54 ,9 ! fir/ place1 we h a fragm5t ( ,p9d>1 9 :i* ! poet enum]ates sev]al ( ! c5tres f :i* diff]5t ,greek tribes believ$ m5 to h sprung4 ,h>d x is to f9d out :e!r ,alalkom5eus1 fir/ ( m51 arose on ! m>% ( ,cephissus1 or :e!r ! ,curetes ( ,ida fir/1 a /ock div9e1 arose1 or if x 0 ! ,phrygian ,corybantes t ! sun e>lie/ saw--m5 l trees walk+2 & ,p9d> m5tions ,egyptian & ,libyan leg5ds ( ! same description47#a7 ,! ,!bans & ! ,arcadians held !mselves to be e>?-born4 ,! black e>? bore ,pelasgus on ! high wood$ hills1 says an anci5t l9e ( ,asius4 ,! ,dryopians 7 an example ( a race ( m5 born f a%-trees4 ,! my? ( g5s virum truncis et duro robore nata1 born ( tree-trunk & ! he>t ( oak1 _h pass$ into a prov]b ev5 9 ,hom]'s "t47#b7 ,lucian m5tions7#c7 ! ,a!nian my? t m5 grew l cabbages out ( ! e>?4 ,z to ,greek my?s ( ! desc5t ( families f animals1 ^! w be exam9$ 9 ! discussion ( ! leg5d ( ,zeus4 7#a7 ,prell]1 ,aus4 ,auf41 p4 #aeh4 7#b7 ,virgil ,a541 viii4 #cae2 ,odyssey1 xix4 #afc2 ,iliad1 ii4 xxii4 #abj2 ,juv5al1 vi4 #aa4 ,cf4 also ,b\*e ,lecl]q1 ,de ,orig9e ,g5]is ,humani4 7#c7 ,philops4 iii4 ,,*apt] ,,xi4 ,,savage ,,div9e ,,my?s4 ,! orig9 ( a belief 9 ,,god beyond ! k5 ( hi/ory & ( speculation--,sket* ( conjectural !ories--,two elem5ts 9 all beliefs1 :e!r ( backw>d or civilis$ races--,! ,my?ical & ! ,religi\s--,^! may be coeval1 or ei!r may be old] ?an ! o!r--,difficulty ( /udy--,! curr5t an?ropological !ory--,/at$ objections to ! !ory--,gods & spirits--,sugge/ion t savage religion is borr[$ f ,europeans--,reply to ,mr4 ,tylor's argum5ts on ?is head--,! morality ( savages4 ,! "q ( ! orig9 ( a belief 9 ,deity does n come )9 ! scope ( a /rictly hi/orical inquiry4 ,no man c wat* ! idea ( ,,god 9 ! mak+ or 9 ! beg9n+4 ,we are acqua9t$ ) no race ^: beg9n+ does n lie f> back 9 ! unp5etrat$ pa/4 ,ev5 on ! hypo!sis t ! natives ( ,au/ralia1 = example1 7 discov]$ 9 a /ate ( culture m backw>d ?an t ( o!r kn[n races1 yet ! in/itutions & ideas ( ! ,au/ralians mu/ h requir$ = _! developm5t an incalculable s]ies ( c5turies4 ,! notions ( man ab\t ! ,deity1 man's religi\s s5tim5ts & 8 my?ical n>ratives1 mu/ be tak5 z we f9d !m4 ,!re h be51 & are1 _m !ories z to ! orig9 ( ! conception ( a sup]natural be+ or be+s1 conc]n$ ) ! =tunes ( mank9d1 & once active 9 ! mak+ ( ! e>? & its inhabitants4 ,!re is ! hypo!sis ( an orig9al div9e tradition1 d>k5$ by ! smoke ( fooli% mortal fancies4 ,!re is ! hypo!sis ( an innate & intuitive s5sus num9is4 ,!re is ! op9ion t ! notion ( ,deity 0 introduc$ to man by ! v nature ( 8 k & p]ceptions1 :i* compel him 9 all ?+s to recognise a f9ite & an inf9ite4 ,!re is ! hypo!sis t gods 7 orig9ally gho/s1 ! magnifi$ %apes ( ance/ral spectres4 ,!re is ! doctr9e t man1 seek+ 9 8 e>ly speculations = ! causes ( ?+s1 & consci\s ( 8 own p[]s z an active cause1 project$ 8 own %ad[ on ! mi/s ( ! unkn[n1 & peopl$ ! void ) figures ( magnifi$ non-natural m51 8 own p>5ts & protectors1 & ! mak]s ( _m ( ! ?+s 9 ! _w4 ,s9ce ! actual tru? _c be det]m9$ by obs]vation & exp]im5t1 ! "q z to ! fir/ g]ms ( ! div9e conception mu/ "h be left unansw]$4 ,b x is possible to dis5gage & exam9e ap>t ! two *ief elem5ts 9 ! e>lie/ z 9 ! late/ ideas ( ,godhead4 ,among ! l[e/ & mo/ backw>d1 z among ! mo/ advanc$ races1 !re coexi/ ! ,,my?ical & ! ,,religi\s elem5ts 9 belief4 ,! rational factor 7or :at approves itself to u z ! rational factor7 is visible 9 religion2 ! irrational is prom95t 9 my?4 ,! ,au/ralian1 ! ,bu%man1 ! ,solomon ,isl&]1 9 h\rs ( dang] & necessity 'ye>ns aft] ! gods1' & has pres5t 9 8 he>t ! idea ( a fa!r & fri5d4 ,?is is ! religi\s elem5t4 ,! same man1 :5 he comes to indulge 8 fancy = fiction1 w degrade ?is spiritual fri5d & fa!r to ! level ( ! bea/s1 & w make him ! h]o ( comic or repulsive adv5tures4 ,?is is ! my?ical or irrational elem5t4 ,religion1 9 its moral aspect1 always traces back to ! belief 9 a p[] t is b5ign & works = righte\sness4 ,my?1 ev5 9 ,hom] or ! ,rig-,v$a1 p]petually falls back on ! old /ock ( absurd & immoral div9e adv5tures47#a7 7#a7 ,m4 ,knapp]t "h1 9 a note to ! ,dut* translation1 d5ies ! l[e/ my?ical elem5t to ! ,hebrews1 z _! docum5ts h rea*$ u4 ,x w\ld be ra%1 9 ! pres5t /ate ( k1 to pron\nce t ! g]m ( ! s]i\s ,hom]ic s5se ( ! ju/ice & p[] ( ! ,div9ity is e>li] or lat] ?an ! g]m ( ! ,hom]ic /ories ( gods disguis$ z animals1 or imprison$ by mortals1 or kick$ out ( ,olympus4 ,! rational & irrational aspects ( my?ology & religion may be ( coeval antiquity = all t is c]ta9ly kn[n1 or ei!r ( !m1 9 ! d>k backw>d ( mortal exp]i5ce1 may h prec$$ ! o!r4 ,!re is probably no religion nor my?ology :i* does n (f] bo? aspects to ! /ud5t4 ,b x is ! "p ( advanc+ civilisation to adorn & purify ! rational elem5t1 & to subord9ate & sup]s$e ! irrational elem5t1 z f> z religi\s cons]vatism1 ritual & prie/ly dogma w p]mit4 ,su* 7 ! g5]al rem>ks ) :i* ?is *apt] op5$ 9 ! orig9al edition ( ! pres5t "w4 ,b read+1 reflection & c]ta9 additions to ! au?or's k ( facts1 h made x seem advisable to /ate1 m fully & =cibly ?an be=e1 t1 9 8 op9ion1 n only ! puzzl+ elem5t ( my?1 b ! pur] elem5t ( a religi\s belief sanction+ morality is d]iv$ by civilis$ p f a remote pa/ ( savag]y4 ,x is also necess>y to draw att5tion to a s+ul> religi\s ph5om5a1 a break1 or fault1 z geologi/s call x1 9 ! religi\s /rata4 ,:ile ! mo/ backw>d savages1 9 c]ta9 cases1 pres5t ! conception ( a ,be+ :o sanctions e?ics1 & :ile t conception recurs at a giv5 /age ( civilisation1 x appe>s to fade1 or ev5 to disappe> 9 "s conditions ( b>b>ism4 ,among "s b>b>ic peoples1 su* z ! ,zulus1 & ! ,r$ ,indians ( ,fr5* ,canada :5 fir/ obs]v$1 z among "s ,polynesians & "s tribes ( ,we/]n & ,c5tral ,africa little trace ( a supreme be+ is f\nd1 except a "n1 & t "n is ev5 occasionally a matt] ( ridicule4 ,! highe/ religi\s conception has be5 rea*$1 & is g5]ally kn[n1 yet ! ,be+ conceiv$ ( z creative is utt]ly neglect$1 :ile gho/s1 or m9or gods1 are s]v$ & ador$4 ,to ?is religi\s ph5om5on 7if correctly obs]v$7 we mu/ attempt to assign a cause4 ,= ?is purpose x is necess>y to /ate aga9 :at may be call$ ! curr5t or popul> an?ropological !ory ( ! evolution ( ,gods4 ,t !ory takes v>y+ %apes4 ,9 ! philosophy ( ,mr4 ,h]b]t ,sp5c] we f9d a pure ,euhem]ism4 ,gods are b gho/s ( dead m51 rais$ to a high] & f9ally to ! highe/ p[]4 ,9 ! some:at analog\s b n id5tical sy/em ( ,mr4 ,tylor1 man fir/ atta9s to ! idea ( _s by reflection on v>i\s physical1 psy*ological & psy*ical exp]i5ces1 su* z sleep1 dreams1 trances1 %ad[s1 halluc9ations1 brea? & dea?1 & he gradually ext5ds ! conception ( s\l or gho/ till all nature is peopl$ ) spirits4 ,( ^! spirits "o is f9ally promot$ to supremacy1 :]e ! conception ( a supreme be+ occurs4 ,9 ! l[e/ fai?s !re is said1 on ?is !ory1 to be no connection1 or v little connection1 betwe5 religion & morality4 ,to supply a religi\s sanction ( morals is ! "w ( advanc+ ?\ght47#a7 7#a7 ,prim4 ,cult41 ii4 #cha4 ,huxley's ,sci5ce & ,hebrew ,tradition1 pp4 #cdf1cgb4 ,?is curr5t hypo!sis is1 confess$ly1 animi/ic1 9 ,mr4 ,tylor's phrase1 or1 9 ,mr4 ,sp5c]'s t]m9ology1 x is ! gho/ !ory4 ,! human s\l1 says ,mr4 ,tylor1 has be5 ! model on :i* all man's ideas ( spiritual be+s1 f ! t9ie/ elf to ! heav5ly ,creator & rul] ( ! _w1 ! ,great ,_s1 h be5 fram$47#a7 ,?us x has be5 necess>y = ,mr4 ,tylor & = ,mr4 ,sp5c] to discov] fir/ an orig9 ( man's idea ( 8 own s\l1 & t suppos$ orig9 9 psy*ological1 physical & psy*ical exp]i5ces is no d\bt adequate4 ,by reflection on ^! facts1 probably1 ! idea ( _s 0 rea*$1 ?\gh ! psy*ical exp]i5ces enum]at$ by ,mr4 ,tylor may conta9 po9ts z yet unexpla9$ by ,mat]ialism4 ,f ^! s\rces are d]iv$ all really animi/ic gods1 all t f ! fir/ p>take ( ! nature ( hungry gho/s1 placat$ by sacrifices ( food1 ?\gh 9 c]ta9 cases t hung] may h be5 transf]r$1 we surmise1 by wor%ipp]s to gods n ,,orig9ally animi/ic4 7#a7 ,prim4 ,cult41 ii4 #aji ,9 answ] to ?is !ory ( an animi/ic or gho/ly orig9 ( all gods1 x mu/ fir/ be obs]v$ t all gods are n necess>ily1 x w\ld seem1 ( animi/ic orig94 ,among c]ta9 ( ! l[e/ savages1 al?\gh !y believe 9 gho/s1 ! animi/ic conception1 ! spiritual idea1 is n atta*$ to ! relatively supreme be+ ( _! fai?4 ,he is m]ely a p[]ful ,,be+1 unborn1 & n subject to dea?4 ,! purely metaphysical "q 0 he a gho/8 does n seem always to h be5 ask$4 ,consequ5tly !re is no logical reason :y man's idea ( a ,mak] %\ld n be prior to man's idea t !re are su* ?+s z s\ls1 gho/s & spirits4 ,!re=e ! animi/ic !ory is n necess>y z mat]ial = ! god-idea4 ,we _c1 ( c\rse1 prove t ! god-idea 0 hi/orically prior to ! gho/-idea1 = we "k no savages :o h a god & yet are ignorant ( gho/s4 ,b we c %[ t ! idea ( ,god may exi/1 9 g]m1 )\t explicitly involv+ ! idea ( _s4 ,?us gods ,,may be prior 9 evolution to gho/s1 & !re=e ! animi/ic !ory ( ! orig9 ( gods 9 gho/s ne$ n necess>ily be accept$4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 ! orig9al evolution ( a god out ( a gho/ ne$ n be conc$$1 because 9 p]haps all kn[n savage !ological philosophy ! ,god1 ! ,mak] & ,ma/]1 is reg>d$ z a be+ :o exi/$ be=e dea? ent]$ ! _w4 ,ev]y:]e1 practically speak+1 dea? is look$ on z a comp>atively late intrud]4 ,he came n only aft] ,god 0 active1 b aft] m5 & bea/s _h populat$ ! _w4 ,scores ( my?s acc\nt+ = ?is invasion ( dea? h be5 collect$ all ov] ! _w47#a7 ,?us ! relatively supreme be+1 or be+s1 ( religion are look$ on z prior to ,dea?1 !re=e1 n z gho/s4 ,!y are sometimes expressly di/+ui%$ z orig9al gods f o!r gods :o are second>y1 be+ s\ls ( *iefs4 ,?us all ,tongan gods are ,atua1 b all ,atua are n orig9al gods47#b7 ,! ^w ,atua1 accord+ to ,mr4 ,:ite1 is ,a-tu-a4 ,a 0 ! "n giv5 to ! au?or ( ! univ]se1 & signifies3 ,am ! unlimit$ 9 p[]1 ,! ,conception1 ! ,lead]1 ! ,beyond ,all4 ,tua means ,beyond t :i* is mo/ di/ant1 ,beh9d all matt]1 & ,beh9d e action4 ,cle>ly ^! conceptions are n m my?ical 7inde$ ,a does n seem to occur 9 ! my?s71 nor are !y m involv$ 9 gho/s1 ?an ! unkn[n absolute ( ,mr4 ,h]b]t ,sp5c]4 ,yet ! ^w ,atua d5otes gods :o are recognis$ z gho/s ( *iefs1 no less ?an x d5otes ! supreme exi/5ce47#c7 ,^! ideas are ! metaphysical !ology ( a race consid]ably above ! l[e/ level4 ,!y l5d no assi/ance to a !ory t ,a 01 or 0 evolv$ out (1 a human gho/1 & he is n f\nd 9 ,maori ,,my?ology z f> z our k goes4 ,b1 among ! l[e/ kn[n savages1 ! ,au/ralians1 we read t ! ,creator 0 a gigantic black1 once on e>?1 n[ among ! />s4 ,?is is 9 ,gippsl&2 ! deities ( ! ,fuegians & ! ,blackfoot ,indians are also ,be+s1 an?ropomorphic1 unborn & undy+1 l ,mang>rah1 ! creative be+ ( ! ,l>rakeah tribe 9 ,au/ralia4 ,a v good man call$ ,mang>rah lives 9 ! sky4444 ,he made ev]y?+ 7blacks except$74 ,he nev] dies47#d7 ,! ,melanesian ,vui nev] 7 m51 7 some?+ diff]5t1 & 7 ,,n gho/s4 ,x is z a ,be+1 n z a ,_s1 t ! ,kurnai deity ,munganngaur 7,our ,fa!r7 is describ$47#e7 ,9 %ort1 ?\gh ,europeans (t5 speak ( ^! div9e be+s ( l[ savages z spirits1 x does n appe> t ! natives !mselves advance "h ! metaphysical idea ( _s4 ,^! gods are j ,,be+s1 an?ropomorphic1 or 79 my? & fable71 v (t5 be/ial1 !riomorphic47#f7 ,x is manife/ t a div9e be+ envisag$ ?us ne$ n h be5 evolv$ out ( ! !ory ( spirits or gho/s1 & may ev5 h be5 prior to ! rise ( ! belief 9 gho/s4 7#a7 ,see ,mod]n ,my?ology1 ,my?s ( ,orig9 ( ,dea?4 7#b7 ,m>9]1 ii4 #abg4 7#c7 ,:ite1 ,anci5t ,hi/ory ( ! ,maoris1 vol4 i4 p4 #d2 o!r views 9 ,gill's ,my?s ( ! ,pacific4 ,i am n committ$ to ,mr4 ,:ite's op9ion4 7#d7 ,j\rnal ,an?rop4 ,in/41 ,nov41 #ahid1 p4 #aia4 7#e7 ,ibid41 #ahhf1 p4 #cac4 7#f7 ,see ,mak+ ( ,religion1 pp4 #bja-baj1 = a m copi\s /atem5t4 ,aga91 ^! p[]ful1 or omnipot5t div9e be+s are look$ on z gu>dians ( morality1 puni%]s ( s91 rew>d]s ( righte\sness1 bo? 9 ?is _w & 9 a future life1 9 places :]e gho/s1 ?\gh believ$ 91 ,,are ,,n ,,wor%ipp$1 ,,nor ,,9 ,,receipt ,,( ,,sacrifice1 & :]e1 great gr&fa!rs be+ =gott51 ance/ral gho/s c sc>cely swell into gods4 ,?is occurs among ,&amanese1 ,fuegians & ,au/ralians1 !re=e1 among non-gho/-wor%ipp+ races1 gho/s _c h develop$ into deities :o are n ev5 necess>ily spirits4 ,^! gods1 aga91 d n receive sacrifice1 & ?us lack ! note ( desc5t f hungry food-crav+ gho/s4 ,9 ,au/ralia1 inde$1 :ile gho/s are n kn[n to receive any (f]+s1 ! rec5t cu/om ( provid+ food = x--! dead body ( a fri5d--is d]id$ by ! intellig5t old aborig9es z ':ite fell['s gammon'47#a7 7#a7 ,dawson1 ,au/ralian ,aborig9es1 p4 #ea1 #ahha4 ,! ,au/ralians possess no *iefs l ,vi* ,ian ,vohr or ,*+a*gook ^: gho/s might be said to swell into supreme moral deities4 ,headm5 !y h1 lead]s ( v>i\s degrees ( au?ority1 b no ,vi* ,ian ,vohr1 no semi-sacr$ repres5tative ( ! tribe47#a7 ,nor are ! gho/s ( ! ,headm5 kn[n to receive any p>ticul> po/hum\s att5tion or wor%ip4 ,?us x really seems impossible to %[ pro( t ,au/ralian gods grew out ( ,au/ralian gho/s1 a subject to :i* we %all return4 7#a7 ,h[itt1 ,organisation ( ,au/ralian ,tribes1 pp4 #aja-aac4 ,transactions ( ,royal ,society ( ,victoria1 #ahhi4 ,"s support]s ( ! curr5t !ory !re=e fall back on ! hypo!sis t ! ,au/ralians are sadly deg5]ate47#a7 ,*iefs1 x is argu$1 or k+s1 !y once _h1 & ! gods are surviv+ gho/s ( ^! :olly =gott5 pot5tates4 ,to ?is we reply t we "k n ! v fa9te/ trace ( ,au/ralian deg5]ation4 ,sir ,john ,lubbock & ,mr4 ,tylor h correctly argu$ t ! soil ( ,au/ralia has n yet yield$ s mu* z a fragm5t ( native pott]y1 nor any trace ( native metal "w1 n a ve/ige ( /one build+s occurs1 nor ( any "w beyond ! pres5t native level ( culture1 unless we reckon weirs = fi%-cat*+4 ,! ,au/ralian boom]ang1 writes ,mr4 ,tylor1 has be5 claim$ z d]iv$ f "s hypo!tical high culture1 :]eas ! transition-/ages ?r\gh :i* x is connect$ ) ! club are to be obs]v$ 9 its own c\ntry1 :ile no civilis$ race possesses ! weapon47#b7 7#a7 ,see ,pr(4 ,m5zie's ,hi/ory ( ,religion1 pp4 #af1 #ag1 :]e a s+ul> inconsi/5cy has escap$ ! au?or4 7#b7 ,prim4 ,cult41 i4 #eg1 #fg4 ,!re=e ! ,au/ralian1 ) 8 boom]ang1 repres5ts no deg5]ation b advance on 8 ance/ors1 :o _h n yet develop$ ! boom]ang out ( ! club4 ,if ! excessively complex nature ( ,au/ralian rules ( prohibit$ degrees be appeal$ to z pro( ( deg5]ation f ! /age 9 :i* !y 7 evolv$1 we reply t civilisation ev]y:]e t5ds n to complicate b to simplify su* rules1 z x also notori\sly simplifies ! =ms ( language4 ,! ,au/ralian p1 :5 discov]$1 7 only em]g+ f palaeoli?ic culture1 :ile ! neighb\r+ ,tasmanians 7 frankly palaeoli?ic47#a7 ,f> f deg5]at+1 ! ,au/ralians %[ advance :5 !y sup]s$e _! bea/ or o!r totem by an eponym\s human h]o47#b7 ,! eponym\s h]o1 h[ev]1 *ang$ ) ea* g5]ation1 s t no "o "n 0 fix$ z t ( tribal fa!r1 lat] p]haps to become a tribal god4 ,we f9d sev]al tribes 9 :i* ! *ildr5 n[ foll[ ! ,,fa!r',s class1 & ?us pat]nal k9 takes ! place ( ! usual e>ly savage me?od ( reckon+ k9%ip by ! "m's side1 else:]e preval5t 9 ,au/ralia4 ,9 "o ( ^! tribes1 dwell+ betwe5 ! ,gl5elg & ,m\nt ,napi]1 headman%ip is h]$it>y1 b no?+ is said ( any wor%ip ( ! gho/s ( *iefs4 ,all ?is social improvem5t d5otes advance on ! usual ,au/ralian /&>d47#c7 ,( deg5]ation 7except :5 produc$ rec5tly by ,european vices & diseases7 ,i "k no trace 9 ,au/ralia4 ,_! highe/ religi\s conceptions1 !re=e1 are n to be dispos$ ( z survivals ( a religion ( ! gho/s ( su* *iefs z ! ,au/ralians are n %[n ev] to h recognis$4 ,! ,god idea 9 ,au/ralia1 or among ! ,&amanese1 mu/ h "s o!r s\rce ?an ! ,gho/-,!ory4 ,?is is all ! m obvi\s because n only are gho/s n wor%ipp$ by ! ,au/ralians1 b also ! div9e be+s :o are alleg$ to =m l9ks betwe5 ! gho/ & ! moral god are abs5t4 ,!re are no dep>tm5tal gods1 z ( w>1 peace1 ! *ase1 love1 & s =?4 ,sun1 sky & e>? are equally unwor%ipp$4 ,!re is no?+ 9 religion betwe5 a ,be+1 on "o h& 7) a son or sons71 & vague mis*iev\s spirits1 boilyas or mr>ts1 & gho/s 7:o are n wor%ipp$71 on ! o!r h&4 ,! fri5ds ( ! idea t ! ,god is an anci5t evolution f ! gho/ ( su* a *ief z is n prov$ to h exi/$1 mu/ app>5tly believe t ! int]m$iate /ages 9 religi\s evolution1 dep>tm5tal gods1 nature gods & gods ( poly!ism 9 g5]al once exi/$ 9 ,au/ralia1 & h all be5 swept away 9 a deluge ( deg5]ation4 ,t deluge left 9 religion a moral1 pot5tly active ,fa!r & ,judge4 ,n[ t conception is consid]ably above ! obsolesc5t belief 9 an otiose god :i* is usually f\nd among b>b>ic races ( ! type f :i* ! ,au/ralians are said to h deg5]at$4 ,!re is no pro( ( deg5]acy1 &1 if deg5]ation has occurr$1 :y has x left j ! k9d ( deity :o1 9 ! high] b>b>ic culture1 is n commonly f\nd8 ,cle>ly ?is attempt to expla9 ! highe/ aspect ( ,au/ralian religion by an undemon/rat$ deg5]ation is an ef=t ( despair4 7#a7 ,tylor1 preface to ,l+ ,ro?'s ,aborig9es ( ,tasmania1 pp4 v4-viii4 7#b7 ,kamil>oi & ,kurnai1 p4 #bca4 7#c7 ,kamil>oi & ,kurnai1 pp4 #bgg1 #bgh4 ,:ile ! curr5t !ory ?us appe>s to break d[n ov] ! deities ( c]ta9 ,au/ralian tribes & ( o!r l[ savages to be m p>ticul>ly describ$ lat]1 x is n m successful 9 deal+ ) :at we h call$ ! fault or break 9 ! religi\s /rata ( high] races4 ,! nature ( t fault may ?us be describ$3 ,:ile ! deities ( sev]al l[ savage peoples are religi\sly reg>d$ z gu>dians & judges ( conduct bo? 9 ?is life & 9 ! next1 among high] b>b>ians !y are (t5 little1 or n at all1 int]e/$ 9 conduct4 ,aga91 :ile among ,au/ralians1 & ,&amanese1 & ,fuegians1 !re is h>dly a v]ifiable trace1 if any trace !re be1 ( sacrifice to any div9e be+1 among b>b>ians ! gods b5ea? ! v highe/ are 9 receipt ev5 ( human sacrifice4 ,ev5 among b>b>ians ! highe/ deity is v r>ely wor%ipp$ ) sacrifice4 ,?r\gh v>i\s degrees he is f\nd to lose all claim on wor%ip1 & ev5 to become a m]e "n1 & f9ally a je/ & a mock]y4 ,mean:ile ance/ral gho/s1 & gods fram$ on ! same l9es z gho/s1 receive sacrifice ( food & ( human victims4 ,once m1 ! high gods ( l[ savages are n localis$1 n conf9$ to any temple or region4 ,b ! gods ( high] b>b>ians 7! gods b5ea? ! highe/71 are localis$ 9 ?is way1 z occasionally ev5 ! highe/ god also is4 ,all ?is %[s t1 among advanc+ b>b>ians1 ! gods1 if !y />t$ f ! e/ate ( gods among savages on ! l[e/ level1 become demoralis$1 limit$1 condition$1 relegat$ to an otiose condition1 & f9ally depos$1 till progressive civilisation1 z 9 ,greece1 re9/ates or inv5ts pur] & m philosophic conceptions1 )\t be+ able to aboli% popul> & prie/ly my? & ritual4 ,"h1 !n1 is a flaw or break 9 ! /rata ( religion4 ,:at 0 ! cause ( ?is flaw8 ,we answ]1 ! evolution1 ?r\gh gho/s1 ( animi/ic gods :o reta9$ ! hung] & selfi%ness ( ^! ance/ral spirits :om ! l[e/ savages are n kn[n to wor%ip4 ,! moral div9e be+s ( ^! l[e/ races1 be+s 7:5 religi\sly reg>d$7 uncondition$1 9 ne$ ( no gift t man c give1 are n to be won by (f]+s ( food & blood4 ,( su* (f]+s gho/s1 & gods modell$ on gho/s1 are notori\sly 9 ne$4 ,/r5g!n$ & propitiat$ by blood & sacrifice 7n (f]$ to ! gods ( l[ savages71 ! animi/ic deities w become p>tisans ( _! ador]s1 & w ei!r pay no reg>d to ! morals ( _! wor%ipp]s1 or w be easily brib$ to =give s9s4 ,"h !n is1 e?ically speak+1 a flaw 9 ! /rata ( religion1 a flaw f\nd 9 ! cre$s ( gho/-wor%ipp+ b>b>ians1 b n ( non-gho/-wor%ipp+ savages4 ,a cr[d ( v5al1 easy-go+1 s]viceable deities has n[ be5 evolv$ out ( gho/s1 & ,animism is on its way to supplant or ov]lay a rude e>ly =m ( !ism4 ,grant+ ! facts1 we fail to see h[ !y are expla9$ by ! curr5t !ory :i* makes ! highe/ god ! late/ 9 evolution f a gho/4 ,t !ory wrecks itself aga9 on ! circum/ance t1 :]eas ! tribal or national highe/ div9e be+1 z late/ 9 evolution1 ought to be ! mo/ pot5t1 he is1 9 fact1 among b>b>ic races1 usually ! mo/ disreg>d$4 ,a new idea1 ( c\rse1 is n necess>ily a p[]ful or fa%ionable idea4 ,x may be reg>d$ z a fad1 or a h]esy1 or a l[ =m ( diss5t4 ,b1 :5 univ]sally kn[n to & accept$ by a tribe or p1 !n x mu/ be deem$ likely to possess great influ5ce4 ,b t is n ! case2 & among b>b>ic tribes ! mo/ advanc$ conception ( deity is ! lea/ reg>d$1 ! mo/ obsolete4 ,an excell5t in/ance ( ! diff]5ce betwe5 ! !ory "h advocat$1 & t g5]ally held by an?ropologi/s1 may be f\nd 9 ,mr4 ,ab]cromby's valuable "w1 ,pre-& ,proto-,hi/oric ,f9ns1 i4 #aej-aed4 ,! gods1 & o!r e>ly ideas1 says ,mr4 ,ab]cromby1 c\ld 9 no s5se be consid]$ z sup]natural4 ,we %all give examples ( gods among ! races ne>e/ ! beg9n+1 ^: attributes ( p[] & k c n1 by u at lea/1 be consid]$ o!r ?an sup]natural4 ,! gods 79 ?is hypo!sis7 7 s human t !y c\ld be =c$ to act 9 accordance ) ! wi%es ( _! wor%ipp]s1 & c\ld likewise be puni%$4 ,^! ideas1 to an ,au/ralian black1 or an ,&amanese1 w\ld seem dang]\sly blasphem\s4 ,^! old] gods resid$ *iefly 9 trees1 wells1 riv]s & animals4 ,b _m gods ( our l[e/ kn[n savages live beyond ! sky4 ,mr4 ,ab]cromby supposes ! sky god to be ( lat] evolution1 & to be wor%ipp$ aft] man _h exhau/$ ! help]s t seem$ ne>e/ at h&444 9 ! trees & wat]s at 8 v door4 ,n[ ! ,au/ralian black has n a door1 nor has he gods ( any s]vice to him 9 ! trees & wat]s1 ?\gh sprites may lurk 9 su* places = mis*ief4 ,b 9 ,mr4 ,ab]cromby's view1 "s m5 turn$ at la/ to ! sky-god1 :o 9 "t w\ld ga9 a l>ge circle ( wor%ipp]s4 ,he w\ld come to be ?\ght omnipot5t1 omnisci5t1 ! ,creator4 ,?is notion1 says ,mr4 ,ab]cromby1 mu/1 if ?is view is correct1 be ( late orig94 ,b ! view is n correct4 ,! f>-see+ p[]ful ,mak] beyond ! sky is f\nd among ! v backw>d races :o h n develop$ help]s ne>] man1 dwell+ r\nd :at w\ld be 8 door1 if door he 0 civilis$ en\gh to possess4 ,su* ne> neighb\r+ gods1 ( human ne$s1 capable ( be+ bulli$1 or propitiat$ by sacrifice1 are f\nd 9 races high] ?an ! l[e/1 :o1 = _! easily procurable aid1 h all[$ ! ,mak] to s9k into an otiose god1 or a m]e "n4 ,mr4 ,ab]cromby unconsci\sly proves our case by quot+ ! example ( a ,samoy$e4 ,?is man knew a ,sky-god1 ,num2 t conception 0 famili> to him4 ,he also knew a famili> _s4 ,on ,mr4 ,ab]cromby's !ory he %\ld h resort$ = help to ! ,sky-god1 n to ! sprite4 ,b he did ! rev]se3 he said1 ,i _c approa* ,num1 he is too f> away2 if ,i c\ld rea* him ,i %\ld n besee* !e 7! famili> _s71 b %\ld g myself2 b ,i _c4 ,= ?is precise reason1 p :o h develop$ ! belief 9 accessible affable spirits g to !m1 ) a spell to con/ra91 or a gift to bribe1 & neglect1 9 "s cases almo/ =get1 _! ,mak]4 ,b ,he is wor%ipp$ by l[ savages1 :o d n propitiate gho/s & :o h no gods 9 wells & trees1 close at h&4 ,x seems an obvi\s inf]5ce t ! great] ,god is ! e>li] evolv$4 ,^! are among ! difficulties ( ! curr5t an?ropological !ory4 ,!re is1 h[ev]1 a solution by :i* ! weakness ( ! div9e conception1 its neglect$1 disus$ aspect among b>b>ic races1 might be expla9$ by an?ropologi/s1 )\t reg>d+ x z an obsolesc5t =m ( a v e>ly idea4 ,?is solution is !re=e 9 common use4 ,x is appli$ to ! deity reveal$ 9 ! anci5t my/]ies ( ! ,au/ralians1 & x is employ$ 9 ,am]ican & ,african in/ances4 ,! cu/om is to say t ! highe/ div9e be+ ( ,am]ican or ,african native peoples has be5 borr[$ f ,europeans1 & is1 especially1 a savage refraction f ! ,god ( mission>ies4 ,if ?is c be prov$1 ! %ad[y1 practically p[]less ,ma/] ( ,life ( c]ta9 b>b>ic peoples1 w h deg5]at$ f ! ,*ri/ian conception1 because ( t conception he w be only a fa9t unsuccessful refraction4 ,he has be5 introduc$ by ,europeans1 x is argu$1 b is n 9 h>mony ) 8 new environm5t1 & s is half-rememb]$ & half =got4 ,! hypo!sis ( borr[+ admits ( only "o answ]1 b t answ] %\ld be conclusive4 ,if we c discov]1 say 9 ,nor? ,am]ica1 a s+le in/ance 9 :i* ! supreme be+ occurs1 :ile yet he _c possibly be acc\nt$ = by any traceable or v]ifiable =eign influ5ce1 !n ! burd5 ( pro(1 9 o!r cases1 falls on ! oppon5t4 ,:5 he urges t o!r ,nor? ,am]ican supreme be+s 7 borr[$1 we c reply t our crucial example %[s t ?is ne$ n be ! fact4 ,to prove t x is ! fact1 9 8 in/ances1 is !n 8 bus9ess4 ,x is obvi\s t = in=mation on ?is subject we mu/ g to ! reports ( ! e>lie/ travell]s :o knew ! ,r$ ,indians well4 ,we mu/ try to get at gods beh9d any kn[n mission>y ef=ts4 ,mr4 ,tylor (f]s u ! te/imony ( ,h]iot1 ab\t #aehf1 t ! natives ( ,virg9ia believ$ 9 _m gods1 also 9 "o *ief god1 :o fir/ made o!r pr9cipal gods1 & !n ! sun1 moon & />s z petty gods47#a7 ,:5ce c\ld ! natives ( ,virg9ia h borr[$ ?is notion ( a ,creator be=e #aehf8 ,if x is repli$1 9 ! usual way1 t !y develop$ him upw>ds out ( sun1 moon & /> gods1 o!r pr9cipal gods1 & f9ally rea*$ ! idea ( ! ,creator1 we answ] t ! idea ( ! ,mak] is f\nd :]e ^! alleg$ int]m$iate /ages are ,,n f\nd1 z 9 ,au/ralia4 ,9 ,virg9ia !n1 z 9 ,victoria1 a ,creator may h be5 evolv$ 9 "s o!r way ?an t ( gradual asc5t f gho/s1 & may h be51 z 9 ,au/ralia & else:]e1 prior to v]ifiable gho/-wor%ip4 ,aga91 9 ,virg9ia at our fir/ settlem5t1 ! native prie/s /r5u\sly resi/$ ! introduction ( ,*ri/ianity4 ,!y 7 cont5t ) _! deity1 ,ahone1 ! great ,god :o gov]ns all ! _w1 & makes ! sun to %9e1 creat+ ! moon & />s 8 companions4444 ,! good & peaceable ,god444 ne$s n to be sacrific$ unto1 = he int5de? all good unto !m4 ,?is good ,creator1 )\t sacrifice1 among a settl$ agricultural b>b>ic race sacrific+ to o!r gods & gho/s1 manife/ly _c be borr[$ f ! newly arriv$ religion ( ,*ri/ianity1 :i* 8 prie/s1 accord+ to ! obs]v]1 vigor\sly resi/$4 ,ahone _h a subord9ate deity1 magi/]ial 9 functions1 look+ into all m5's actions & puni%+ ! same1 :5 evil4 ,to ,,?is god sacrifices ,,7 made1 & if 8 "n1 ,okeus1 is d]iv$ f ,oki _s1 he 01 ( c\rse1 an animi/ic gho/-evolv$ deity4 ,an?ropological writ]s1 by an ov]sight1 h dwelt on ,oki1 b h n m5tion$ ,ahone47#b7 ,manife/ly x is n possible to insi/ t ^! ,virg9ian high deities 7 borr[$1 )\t say+ :5ce & :5 !y 7 borr[$ by a b>b>ic race :i* 01 at ! same "t1 reject+ ,*ri/ian tea*+4 7#a7 ,prim4 ,cult41 ii4 #cda4 7#b7 ,hi/ory ( ,travaile into ,virg9ia1 by ,william ,/ra*ey1 #afab4 ,mr4 ,tylor writes1 ) 8 habitual p]spicacity3 ,x is ! widespread belief 9 ! ,great ,_s1 :atev] 8 precise nature & orig91 t has long & des]v$ly drawn ! att5tion ( ,european ?9k]s to ! native religions ( ! ,nor? ,am]ican tribes4 ,n[ :ile1 9 rec5t times1 ,*ri/ian ideas may und5iably h cry/allis$ r\nd ! ,great ,_s1 x has come to be ?\ght t ,,! ,,:ole ,,doctr9e ( ! ,great ,_s 0 borr[$ by ! savages f mission>ies & coloni/s4 ,b ?is view w n be> exam9ation1 says ,mr4 ,tylor47#a7 7#a7 ,prim4 ,cult1 ii4 pp4 #cci1 #cdj 7#ahgc74 ,= "s reason1 ,mr4 ,tylor modifies ?is passage 9 #ahia4 ,mr4 ,tylor proce$s to prove ?is by examples f ,gre5l&1 & ! ,algonk9s4 ,he in/ances ! ,massa*usett ,god1 ,kiehtan1 :o creat$ ! o!r gods1 & receives ! j into heav54 ,?is 0 record$ 9 #afbb1 b ! belief1 says ,w9sl[1 our au?ority1 goes back into ! unkn[n pa/4 ,!y nev] saw ,kiehtan1 b ,,!y ,,hold ,,x ,a ,,great ,,*>ge ,,& ,,duty ,,t ,,"o ,,age ,,tea* ,,ano!r4 ,h[ c\ld a deity ?us root$ 9 a traditional pa/ be borr[$ f rec5t ,engli% settl]s8 ,9 ^! cases ! hypo!sis ( borr[+ breaks d[n1 & /ill m does x break d[n ov] ! ,algonk9 deity ,atahocan4 ,fa!r ,le ,jeune1 ,s4,j41 w5t fir/ among ! ,algonk9s1 a mission>y pione]1 9 #afcc1 & suff]$ unspeakable ?+s 9 8 c\rage\s endeav\r to w9 s\ls 9 a mo/ recalcitrant flock4 ,he writes 7#afcc73 ,z ?is savage has giv5 me occasion to speak ( _! god1 ,i w rem>k t x is a great error to ?9k t ! savages h no k ( any deity4 ,i 0 surpris$ to he> ?is 9 ,france4 ,i d n "k _! secrets1 b1 f ! little :i* ,i am ab\t to tell1 x w be se5 t !y h su* k4 ,!y say t "o exi/s :om !y call ,atahocan1 :o made ! :ole4 ,speak+ ( ,god 9 a wigwam "o day1 !y ask$ me ':at is ,god8' ,i told !m t x 0 ,he :o made all ?+s1 ,heav5 & ,e>?4 ,!y !n began to cry out to ea* o!r1 ',atahocan6 ,atahocan6 x is ,atahocan6' ,!re c\ld be no bett] evid5ce t ,atahocan 0 ,,n 7z is (t5 said7 borr[$ f ! ,jesuits4 ,! ,jesuits _h only j arriv$4 ,lat] 7#afcd7 ,le ,jeune int]rogat$ an old man & a p>tly ,europeanis$ sorc]]4 ,!y repli$ t no?+ 0 c]ta92 t ,atahocan 0 only spok5 ( z ( a ?+ s remote1 t assurance 0 impossible4 ,9 fact1 _! ^w ,nitatohokan means1 ',i fable1 ,i tell an old /ory'4 ,?us ,atahocan1 ?\gh at once recognis$ z id5tical ) ! ,creator ( ! mission>y1 0 s f> f be+ ! late/ ?+ 9 religi\s evolution t he _h pass$ into a prov]b = ! anci5t & ! fabul\s4 ,?is1 ( c\rse1 is inconsi/5t ) ,,rec5t borr[+4 ,he 0 neglect$ = ,khi*ik\ai1 spirits :i* inspire se]s1 & are ( "s practical use1 receiv+ rew>ds 9 (f]+s ( grease1 says ,le ,jeune47#a7 7#a7 ,relations1 #afcc1 #afcd4 ,! obsolesc5t ,atahocan seems to h _h no moral activity4 ,b1 9 ,am]ica1 ?is indol5ce ( ,god is n univ]sal4 ,mr4 ,p>kman inde$ writes3 ,9 ! primitive ,indian's conception ( a ,god1 ! idea ( moral good has no "p47#a7 ,b ?is is def9itely contradict$ by ,h]iot1 ,/ra*ey1 ,w9sl[1 already cit$1 & by ,p]e ,le ,jeune4 ,! good attributes ( ,kiehtan & ,ahone 7 n borr[$ f ,*ri/ianity1 7 matt] ( ,indian belief be=e ! ,engli% arriv$4 ,mr4 ,p>kman writes3 ,! mom5t ! ,indians began to contemplate ! object ( 8 fai?1 & s\ght to clo! x ) attributes1 x became f9ite1 & commonly ridicul\s4 ,x did s1 z usual1 9 ,,my?ology1 b n 9 ,,religion4 ,!re is no?+ ridicul\s 9 :at is kn[n ( ,ahone & ,kiehtan4 ,if !y _h a my?ology1 & if we knew ! my?s1 d\btless !y w\ld be ridicul\s en\gh4 ,! savage m9d1 turn$ f belief & awe into ! sp9n+ ( y>ns1 in/antly yields to humor\s fancy4 ,z we "k1 m$iaeval popul> ,*ri/ianity1 9 imag]y1 m>*5 or tales1 & art1 copi\sly illu/rates ! same m5tal ph5om5on4 ,sa9ts1 ,god1 our ,"l1 & ! ,virg91 all play ludicr\s & immoral p>ts 9 ,*ri/ian folk-tales4 ,?is is ,my?ology1 & "h is1 beyond all cavil1 a late corruption ( ,religion4 ,"h1 :]e we "k ! hi/ory ( a cre$1 ,religion is e>ly1 & ^! my?s are late4 ,o!r examples ( ,am]ican div9e ideas might be giv51 su* z ! extraord9>y hymns 9 :i* ! ,zunis address ! ,et]nal1 ,ahonawilona4 ,b z ! ,zuni religion has only be5 /udi$ 9 rec5t ye>s1 ! hymns w\ld be dismiss$ z borr[$1 ?\gh !re is no?+ ,ca?olic or ,*ri/ian ab\t !m4 ,we h pref]r$ to select examples :]e borr[+ f ,*ri/ianity is out ( ! "q4 ,! curr5t an?ropological !ory is ?us confront$ ) ,am]ican examples ( ideas ( ! div9e :i* _c h be5 borr[$1 :ile1 if ! gods are said to h be5 evolv$ out ( gho/s1 we reply t1 9 "s cases1 !y receive no sacrifice1 sacrifice be+ usually a note ( gho/ly desc5t4 ,aga91 simil> gods1 z we %[1 exi/ :]e gho/s ( *iefs are n wor%ipp$1 & z f> z evid5ce goes nev] 7 wor%ipp$1 because !re is no evid5ce ( ! exi/5ce at any "t ( su* *iefs4 ,! ,am]ican highe/ gods may !n be equally free f ! ta9t ( gho/ly desc5t4 7#a7 ,p>kman1 ,! ,jesuits 9 ,nor? ,am]ica4 p4 lxxviii4 ,!re is ano!r m or less moral ,nor? ,am]ican deity ^: evolution is r que/ionable4 ,p]e ,brebeuf 7#afcf71 speak+ ( ! ,hurons1 says t !y h rec\rse to ,heav5 9 almo/ all _! necessities1444 & ,i may say t x is1 9 fact1 ,god :om !y bl9dly adore1 = !y imag9e t !re is an ,oki1 t is1 a demon1 9 heav51 :o regulates ! seasons1 bridles ! w9ds & ! waves ( ! sea1 & helps !m 9 e ne$4 ,!y dread 8 wra?1 & appeal to him z witness to ! inviolability ( _! fai?1 :5 !y make a promise or treaty ( peace ) enemies4 ',heav5 he> u to-day' is _! =m ( adjuration47#a7 7#a7 ,relations1 #afcf1 pp4 #ajf1 #ajg4 ,a spiritual be+1 ^: home is heav51 :o rides on ! w9ds1 ^: wra? is dread$1 :o sanctions ! oa?1 is only call$ a demon by ! prejudice ( ! wor?y fa!r :o1 at ! same "t1 admits t ! savages h a conception ( ,god--& t ,god1 s conceiv$1 is ?is demon6 ,! debatable "q is1 0 ! demon1 or ! actual expanse ( sky1 fir/ 9 evolution8 ,t _c precisely be settl$1 b 9 ! analog\s ,*9ese case ( ,*9a we f9d heav5 7,ti57 & ,%ang-ti1 ! p]sonal rul+ ,deity1 correspond+ to ! ,huron demon4 ,%ang-ti1 ! p]sonal deity1 occurs mo/ 9 ! olde/1 pre-,confucian sacr$ docum5ts1 &1 s f>1 appe>s to be ! e>li] conception4 ,! demon 9 ,huron fai? may also be e>li] ?an ! religi\s reg>d paid to 8 home1 ! sky47#a7 ,! unborr[$ antiquity ( a belief 9 a div9e be+1 creative & sometimes moral1 9 ,nor? ,am]ica1 is ?us demon/rat$4 ,s f> ,i _h writt5 :5 ,i accid5tally fell 9 ) ,mr4 ,tylor's essay on ,! ,limits ( ,savage ,religion47#b7 ,9 t essay1 r to my surprise1 ,mr4 ,tylor argues = ! borr[+ ( ,! ,great ,_s1 ,! ,great ,manit\1 f ! ,jesuits4 ,n[1 z to ! phrase1 ,great ,_s1 ! ,jesuits d\btless caus$ its promulgation1 &1 :]e _! tea*+ p5etrat$1 %r$s ( _! doctr9e may h adh]$ to ! ,indian conception ( t div9e be+4 ,b ,mr4 ,tylor 9 8 essay does n allude to ! e>ly evid5ce1 8 own1 = ,oki1 ,atahocan1 ,kiehtan1 & ,torngursak1 all und5iably prior to ,jesuit influ5ce1 & f\nd :]e ,jesuits1 lat]1 did n g4 ,z ,mr4 ,tylor (f]s no reason = disreg>d+ evid5ce 9 #ahib :i* he _h republi%$ 9 a new edition ( ,primitive ,culture 9 #ahia1 x is impossible to argue aga9/ him 9 ?is place4 ,he w5t on1 9 ! essay cit$ 7#ahib7 to cont5d t ! ,au/ralian god ( ! ,kamil>oi ( ,victoria1 ,baiame1 is1 9 "n & attributes1 ( mission>y introduction4 ,happily ?is hypo!sis c be refut$1 z we %[ 9 ! foll[+ *apt] on ,au/ralian gods4 7#a7 ,see ,tylor1 ,prim4 ,cult41 ii4 #cfb1 & ,mak+ ( ,religion1 p4 #cah2 also ,m5zies1 ,hi/ory ( ,religion1 pp4 #ajh1aji1 & ,dr4 ,legge's ,*9ese ,classics1 9 ,sacr$ ,books ( ! ,ea/1 vols4 iii41 xxvii41 xxviii4 7#b7 ,j\rn4 ( ,an?rop4 ,in/41 vol4 xxi41 #ahib4 ,x w\ld be easy en\gh to meet ! hypo!sis ( borr[+ 9 ! case ( ! _m ,african tribes :o possess some?+ approa*+ to a rude mono!i/ic conception4 ,among ^! are ! ,d9kas ( ! ,upp] ,nile1 ) _! neighb\rs1 ^: cre$ ,russegg] comp>es to t ( mod]n ,dei/s 9 ,europe4 ,! ,d9ka god1 ,d5did1 is omnipot5t1 b s b5evol5t t he is n address$ 9 pray]1 nor propitiat$ by sacrifice4 ,comp>e ! supreme be+ ( ! ,c>ibs1 b5efic5t1 otiose1 unador$47#a7 ,a simil> deity1 veil$ 9 ! in/ruction ( ! z yet unp5etrat$ ,my/]ies1 exi/s among ! ,yao ( ,c5tral ,africa47#b7 ,( ! negro race1 ,waitz says1 ev5 if we d n call !m mono!i/s1 we may /ill ?9k ( !m z /&+ on ! b\nd>y ( mono!ism despite _! innum]able rude sup]/itions47#c7 ,! ,t%i speak+ p ( ! ,gold ,coa/ h _! unwor%ipp$ ,nyankupon1 a n[ otiose unador$ be+1 ) a magi/]ial deputy1 wor%ipp$ ) _m sacrifices4 ,! case is almo/ an exact p>allel to t ( ,ahone & ,oki 9 ,am]ica4 ,,^! 7 n borr[$1 & ! au?or has argu$ at l5g? aga9/ ,major ,ellis's !ory ( ! borr[+ f ,*ri/ians ( ,nyankupon47#d7 7#a7 ,ro*e=t1 ,les ,isles ,antilles1 p4 #dae4 ,tylor1 ii4 #ccg4 7#b7 ,macdonald1 ,africana1 #a1 #ga1 #gb1 #acj1 #bgi-cja4 ,scott1 ,diction>y ( ! ,manganja ,language1 ,mak+ ( ,religion1 pp4 #bcj-bch4 ,a contradictory view 9 ,sp5c]1 ,ecclesia/ical ,in/itutions1 p4 #fha4 7#c7 ,an?ropologie1 ii4 #afg4 7#d7 ,mak+ ( ,religion1 pp4 #bdc-bej4 ,to conclude ?is *apt]1 ! /udy ( savage & b>b>ic religions seems to yield ! foll[+ facts3-- #a4 ,l[ savages4 ,no regul> *iefs4 ,great be+s1 n 9 receipt ( sacrifice1 sanction+ morality4 ,gho/s are n wor%ipp$1 ?\gh believ$ 94 ,poly!ism1 dep>tm5tal gods & gods ( heav51 e>?1 sky & s =?1 h n be5 develop$ or are n f\nd4 #b4 ,b>b>ic races4 ,ari/ocratic or mon>*ic4 ,gho/s are wor%ipp$ & receive sacrifice4 ,poly!i/ic gods are 9 r5[n & receive sacrifice4 ,!re is usually a supreme ,mak] :o is1 9 "s cases1 moral1 9 o!rs otiose4 ,9 only "o or two kn[n cases 7z 9 t ( ! ,polynesian ,ta>oa7 is he 9 receipt ( sacrifice4 #c4 ,b>b>ic races4 7,zulus1 mon>*ic ) ,unkulunkulu2 "s ,algonqu9s 7feebly ari/ocratic7 ) ,atahocan74 ,religion is ma9ly ance/or wor%ip or vague _s wor%ip2 gho/s are propitiat$ ) food4 ,!re are traces ( an orig9al div9e be+ ^: "n is becom+ obsolesc5t & a matt] ( je/4 #d4 ,e>ly civilisations4 ,mon>*ic or ari/ocratic4 7,greece1 ,egypt1 ,india1 ,p]u1 ,mexico47 ,poly!ism4 ,"o god t5ds to be supreme4 ,religi\sly reg>d$1 gods are moral2 9 my? are ! rev]se4 ,gods are 9 receipt ( sacrifice4 ,heav5ly society is modell$ on t ( m51 mon>*ic or ari/ocratic4 ,philosophic ?\ght t5ds t[>ds belief 9 "o pure god1 :o may be nam$ ,zeus1 9 ,greece4 #e4 ,! religion ( ,israel4 ,probably a revival & purification ( ! old conception ( a moral1 b5efic5t creator1 ^: cre$ _h be5 involv$ 9 sacrifice & an?ropomorphic my?4 ,9 all ! /ages ?us r\ghly sket*$1 my?s ( ! l[e/ sort prevail1 except 9 ! records ( ! la/ /age1 :]e ! docum5ts h be5 edit$ by e>ne/ mono!i/s4 ,if ?is !ory be approximately correct1 man's e>lie/ religi\s ideas may v well h consi/$1 9 a s5se1 ( dep5d5ce on a supreme moral be+ :o1 :5 attempts 7 made by savages to describe ! modus ( 8 work+1 became involv$ 9 ! fancies ( my?ology4 ,h[ ?is belief 9 su* a be+ arose we h no evid5ce to prove4 ,we make no h9t at a s5sus num9is1 or direct revelation4 ,:ile (f]+ no hypo!sis ( ! orig9 ( belief 9 a moral creator we may pres5t a sugge/ion4 ,mr4 ,d>w9 says ab\t e>ly man3 ,! same high m5tal faculties :i* fir/ l$ man to believe 9 unse5 spiritual ag5cies1 !n 9 feti*ism1 poly!ism & ultimately mono!ism1 w\ld infallibly lead him1 s long z 8 reason+ p[]s rema9$ poorly develop$1 to v>i\s /range sup]/itions & cu/oms47#a7 ,n[1 accept+ ,mr4 ,d>w9's !ory t e>ly man _h high m5tal faculties1 ! conception ( a ,mak] ( ?+s does n seem beyond 8 grasp4 ,man himself made pl5ty ( ?+s1 & c\ld probably conceive ( a be+ :o made ! _w & ! objects 9 x4 ,c]ta9ly !re mu/ be "s ,be+ :o made all ^! ?+s4 ,he mu/ be v good too1 said an ,eskimo to a mission>y47#b7 ,! goodness is inf]r$ by ! ,eskimo f 8 own cont5tm5t ) ! ?+s :i* are made47#c7 7#a7 ,d>w91 ,desc5t ( ,man1 i4 p4 #ff4 7#b7 ,cranz1 i4 #aii4 7#c7 ,romans1 i4 #ai4 ,ano!r example ( b>b>ic man seek+ aft] ,god may be adduc$4 ,:at ! ,gre5l&] said is corroborat$ by :at a ,kaffir said4 ,kaffir religion is ma9ly animi/ic1 ance/ral spirits receive food & sacrifice--!re is b an evanesc5t tradition ( a ,"l 9 ,heav54 ,?us a v respectable ,kaffir said to ,m4 ,arbr\sset1 y\r tid+s 7,*ri/ianity7 are :at ,i want2 & ,i 0 seek+ be=e ,i knew y4444 ,i ask$ myself sorr[ful que/ions4 ',:o has t\*$ ! />s ) 8 h&s8444 ,:o makes ! wat]s fl[8444 ,:o c h giv5 e>? ! wisdom & p[] to produce corn8' ,!n ,i buri$ my face 9 my h&s4 ,?is1 says ,sir ,john ,lubbock1 01 h[ev]1 an exceptional case4 ,z a g5]al rule savages d n set !mselves to ?9k out su* que/ions47#a7 7#a7 ,orig9 ( ,civilisation1 p4 #bja4 ,z a common fact1 if savages nev] ask ! "q1 at all ev5ts1 someh[1 !y h ! answ] ready made4 ,mang>rah1 or ,baiame1 ,puluga1 or ,d5did1 or ,ahone1 or ,ahonawilona1 or ,atahocan1 or ,ta>oa1 or ,tui ,laga1 0 ! mak]4 ,!re=e savages :o "k t leave ! "q alone1 or add my?ical accretions4 ,b _! ance/ors mu/ h ask$ ! "q1 l ! v respectable ,kaffir be=e !y answ]$ x4 ,hav+ rea*$ ! idea ( a ,creator1 x 0 n difficult to add t he 0 good1 or b5efic5t1 & 0 dea?less4 ,a notion ( a good p[]ful ,mak]1 n subject to dea? because necess>ily prior to ,dea? 7:o only invad$ ! _w late71 seems easi] ( atta9m5t ?an ! notion ( ,_s :i*1 ex hypo!si1 dem&s mu* delicate psy*ological /udy & h>d ?\ght4 ,! idea ( a ,good ,mak]1 once rea*$1 becomes1 p]haps1 ! g]m ( future !ism1 b1 z ,mr4 ,d>w9 says1 ! human m9d 0 infallibly l$ to v>i\s /range sup]/itions4 ,z ,/4 ,paul says1 9 p]fect agreem5t ) ,mr4 ,d>w9 on ?is po9t1 !y became va9 9 _! imag9ations1 & _! fooli% he>t 0 d>k5$4 ,among o!r imag9ations 7"r or wrong7 0 ! belief 9 spirits1 ) all t foll[$ 9 ! way ( in/itut+ sacrifices1 ev5 ( human be+s1 & ( dropp+ morality1 ab\t :i* ! gho/ ( a deceas$ m$ic9e-man 0 n likely to be mu* int]e/$4 ,! suppos$ ne>ness to man1 & ! v5al & p>tial "* ( wor%ipp$ gods & gho/-gods1 w\ld inevitably w9 = !m m s]vice & att5tion ?an w\ld be paid to a ,mak] remote1 unb\ght & imp>tial4 ,h5ce ! conception ( su* a ,be+ w\ld t5d to obsolesc5ce1 z we see t x does1 & w\ld be mo/ obscur$ :]e gho/s 7 mo/ propitiat$1 z among ! ,zulus4 ,lat] philosophy w\ld atta* ! spiritual conception to ! reviv$ or newly discov]$ idea ( ! supreme ,god4 ,9 all ?is speculation !re is no?+ my/ical2 no sup]natural or sup]normal int]f]5ce is po/ulat$4 ,sup]normal exp]i5ces may h help$ to orig9ate or support ! belief 9 spirits1 t1 h[ev]1 is ano!r "q4 ,b ?is hypo!sis ( ! orig9 ( belief 9 a good unceas+ ,mak] ( ?+s is1 ( c\rse1 confess$ly a conjecture1 = :i* hi/orical evid5ce _c be giv51 9 ! nature ( ! case4 ,all our attempts to discov] orig9s f> beh9d hi/ory mu/ be conjectural4 ,_! value mu/ be e/imat$ by ! ext5t to :i* ?is or t hypo!sis colligates ! facts4 ,n[ our hypo!sis does colligate ! facts4 ,x %[s h[ belief 9 a moral supreme be+ might arise be=e gho/s 7 wor%ipp$1 & x acc\nts = ! flaw 9 ! religi\s /rata1 = ! my?ical accretions1 = ! otiose ,creator 9 ! backgr\nd ( _m b>b>ic religions1 & = ! almo/ univ]sal abs5ce ( sacrifice to ! ,god relatively supreme4 ,he 01 f 8 e>lie/ conception1 9 no ne$ ( gifts f m54 ,on ?is matt] ( otiose supreme gods1 ,pr(essor ,m5zies writes1 ,x is v common to f9d 9 savage beliefs a vague f>-(f god1 :o is at ! back ( all ! o!rs1 takes little "p 9 ! managem5t ( ?+s1 & receives little wor%ip4 ,b x is impossible to judge :at t be+ 0 at an e>li] "t2 he may h be5 a nature god1 or a _s :o has by degrees gr[n fa9t1 & come to occupy ?is position4 ,n[ ! position :i* he occupies is usually1 if n univ]sally1 t ( ! ,creator4 ,he c\ld n arrive at ?is rank by becom+ fa9t1 nor c\ld a nature-god be ! ,mak] ( ,nature4 ,! only way by :i* we c discov] :at t be+ 0 at an e>li] "t is to see :at he ,,is at an e>li] "t1 t is to say1 :at ! conception ( him is1 among m5 9 an e>li] /ate ( culture4 ,among !m1 z we %[1 he is v mu* m ne>1 pot5t & moral1 ?an among races m advanc$ 9 social evolution & mat]ial culture4 ,we c =m no op9ion z to ! nature ( su* vague1 f>-(f gods1 at ! back ( all ! o!rs1 till we collect & comp>e examples1 & endeav\r to asc]ta9 :at po9ts !y h 9 common1 & 9 :at po9ts !y diff] f ea* o!r4 ,x !n becomes pla9 t !y are lea/ f> away1 & mo/ pot5t1 :]e !re is lea/ gho/ly & poly!i/ic competition1 t is1 among ! mo/ backw>d races4 ,! m animism ! less !ism1 is ! g5]al rule4 ,manife/ly ! curr5t hypo!sis--t all religion is animi/ic 9 orig9--does n acc\nt = ^! facts1 & is oblig$ to fly to an undemon/rat$ !ory ( degradation1 or to an undemon/rat$ !ory ( borr[+4 ,t our !ory is inconsi/5t ) ! g5]al doctr9e ( evolution we _c admit1 if we are all[$ to agree ) ,mr4 ,d>w9's /atem5t ab\t ! high m5tal faculties :i* fir/ l$ man to sympa!tic1 & !n to wild beliefs4 ,we d n pret5d to be m ,d>w9ian ?an ,mr4 ,d>w91 :o comp>es ^! mis]able & indirect results ( our high] faculties to ! occasional mi/akes ( ! in/9cts ( ! l[] animals4 ,! op9ion "h ma9ta9$1 namely1 t a g]m ( pure belief may be detect$ amid/ ! confusion ( l[ savage fai?1 & t 9 a /ill e>li] /age x may h be5 less ov]laid ) fable1 is 9 direct contradiction to curr5t !ories4 ,x is also 9 contradiction ) ! op9ions ent]ta9$ by myself be=e ,i made an indep5d5t exam9ation ( ! evid5ce4 ,l o!rs1 ,i 0 incl9$ to reg>d reports ( a moral ,creator1 :o obs]ves conduct1 & judges x ev5 9 ! next life1 z rum\rs due ei!r to ,*ri/ian influ5ce1 or to mi/ake4 ,i well "k1 h[ev]1 & c\ld1 & did1 disc\nt ! s\rces ( error4 ,i 0 on my gu>d aga9/ ! tw9 fallacies ( describ+ all savage religion z devil wor%ip1 & ( expect+ to f9d a primitive div9e tradition4 ,i 0 also on my gu>d aga9/ ! mod]n bias d]iv$ f ! gho/-!ory1 & ,mr4 ,sp5c]'s works1 & ,i kept an eye on opportunities ( borr[+47#a7 ,i _h1 9 fact1 classifi$ all kn[n idola 9 ! fir/ edition ( ?is "w1 su* z ! fallacy ( lead+ que/ions & ! *ance ( delib]ate deception4 ,i s\ght ! e>lie/ evid5ce1 prior to any mission>y tea*+1 & ! evid5ce ( :at ! fir/ mission>ies f\nd1 9 ! way ( belief1 on _! arrival4 ,i pref]r$ ! te/imony ( ! be/ educat$ obs]v]s1 & ( ^? mo/ famili> ) native languages4 ,i s\ght = evid5ce 9 native hymns 7,maori1 ,zuni1 ,d9ka1 ,r$ ,indian7 & 9 native c]emonial & my/]y1 z ^! s\rces 7 lea/ likely to be contam9at$4 7#a7 ,mak+ ( ,religion1 p4 #ahg4 ,on ! o!r side1 ,i f\nd a va/ body ( te/imony t savages _h no religion at all4 ,b t te/imony1 en masse1 0 refut$ by ,rosk(f1 & also1 9 places1 by ,tylor4 ,:5 ?ree witnesses 7 br\ght to swe> t !y saw ! ,iri%man commit a crime1 he (f]$ to br+ a doz5 witnesses :o did ,,n see him4 ,negative evid5ce ( squatt]s1 sailors & coloni/s1 :o did ,,n see any religion among ?is or t race1 is n wor? mu* aga9/ evid5ce ( tra9$ obs]v]s & l+ui/s :o ,,did f9d :at ! o!rs miss$1 & :o f\nd m ! m !y knew ! tribe 9 "q4 ,aga91 l o!rs1 ,i ?\ght savages incapable ( su* relatively pure ideas z ,i n[ believe "s ( !m to possess4 ,b ,i c\ld n resi/ ! evid5ce1 & ,i ab&on$ my a priori notions4 ,! evid5ce =cibly atte/s gradations 9 ! c5tral belief4 ,x is f\nd 9 v>i\s %ades1 f relative pot5cy d[n to a vani%+ trace1 & x is f\nd 9 significant proportion to ! preval5ce ( animi/ic ideas1 be+ weake/ :]e !y are mo/ develop$1 /ronge/ :]e !y are lea/ develop$4 ,!re mu/ be a reason = ^! ph5om5a1 & t reason1 z x seems to me1 is ! ov]lay+ & sup]session ( a rudely ,!i/ic by an animi/ic cre$4 ,t "o cause w\ld expla91 & does colligate1 all ! facts4 ,!re rema9s a po9t on :i* misconception proves to be possible4 ,x w be %[n1 contr>y to ! curr5t hypo!sis1 t ! religion ( ! l[e/ races1 9 its highe/ =m1 sanctions morality4 ,t morality1 aga91 9 c]ta9 in/ances1 dem&s unselfi%ness4 ,( c\rse we are n claim+ = t doctr9e any sup]natural orig94 ,religion1 if x sanctions e?ics at all1 w sanction ^? :i* ! consci5ce accepts1 & ^? e?ics1 9 "o way or o!r1 mu/ h be5 evolv$4 ,t ! cosmical law is ! weake/ mu/ g to ! wall is g5]ally conc$$4 ,man1 h[ev]1 is f\nd try+ to rev]se ! law1 by equal & fri5dly deal+ 7at lea/ )9 :at is vaguely call$ ! tribe74 ,8 religion1 z 9 ,au/ralia1 w be %[n to insi/ on ?is unselfi%ness4 ,h[ did he evolve 8 e?ics8 ,be x little or be x mu* !y get1 says ,dampi] ab\t ! ,au/ralians 9 #afhh1 e "o has 8 "p1 z well ! "y & t5d] z ! old & feeble1 :o are n able to get abroad z ! /rong & lu/y4 ,?is conduct rev]ses ! cosmical process1 & notori\sly civilis$ society1 ,*ri/ian society1 does n act on ^! pr9ciples4 ,nei!r d ! savages1 :o knock ! old & feeble on ! head1 or delib]ately leave !m to />ve1 act on ^! pr9ciples1 sanction$ by ,au/ralian religion1 b 7accord+ to ,mr4 ,dawson7 ,,n c>ri$ out 9 ,au/ralian practice4 ,:5 old p become infirm444 x is lawful & cu/om>y to kill !m47#a7 7#a7 ,au/ralian ,aborig9es1 p4 #fb4 ,z to ! po9t ( unselfi%ness1 evolutioni/s are apt to acc\nt = x by common int]e/4 ,a tribe 9 :i* ! /ronge/ monopolise :at is be/ w n survive s well z an unselfi% tribe 9 ! /ruggle = exi/5ce4 ,b precisely ! opposite is true1 ari/ocracy m>ks ! m successful b>b>ic races1 & an ari/ocratic slave-hold+ tribe c\ld h swept ,au/ralia z ! ,zulus swept ,s\? ,africa4 ,t ari/ocracy & acquisition ( sep>ate prop]ty are /eps 9 advance on communi/ic savag]y all hi/ory decl>es4 ,!re=e a tribe :i* 9 ,au/ralia develop$ private prop]ty1 & r$uc$ its neighb\rs to slav]y1 w\ld h be5 bett] fitt$ to survive ?an su* a tribe z ,dampi] describes4 ,?is is s evid5t t probably1 or possibly1 ! ,dampi] /ate ( society 0 n develop$ 9 ob$i5ce to a recognis$ tribal int]e/1 b 9 ob$i5ce to an affectionate in/9ct4 ,ils s'entr' aim5t les une les autres1 says ,brebeuf ( ! ,hurons47#a7 ,i nev] he>d ! wom5 compla9 ( be+ left out ( fea/s1 or t ! m5 ate ! be/ portions444 e "o does 8 bus9ess sweetly1 peaceably1 )\t dispute4 ,y nev] see disputes1 qu>rels1 hatr$1 or reproa* among !m4 ,brebeuf !n tells h[ a "y ,indian /rang]1 9 a "t ( want1 /ole ! be/ "p ( a moose4 ,!y did n rage or curse1 !y only bant]$ him1 & yet to take our meat 0 almo/ to take our lives4 ,brebeuf want$ to lecture ! lad2 8 ,indian ho/ bade him hold 8 peace1 & ! /rang] 0 giv5 hospitality1 ) 8 wife & *ildr54 ,!y are v g5]\s1 & make x a po9t n to atta* !mselves to ! goods ( ?is _w4 ,_! greate/ reproa* is 't man wants ev]y?+1 he is gre$y'4 ,!y support1 ) nev] a murmur1 wid[s1 orphans & old m51 yet !y kill hopeless or tr\blesome invalids1 & _! :ole conduct to ,europeans 0 ! rev]se ( _! dome/ic behavi\r4 7#a7 ,relations1 #afcd1 p4 #bi4 ,ano!r example ( savage unselfi% e?ics may be f\nd 9 ,mr4 ,mann's acc\nt ( ! ,&aman ,isl&]s1 a nomad race1 v l[ 9 culture4 ,x is a notewor?y trait1 & "o :i* des]ves high comm5dation1 t e c>e & consid]ation are paid by all classes to ! v "y1 ! weak1 ! ag$1 & ! helpless1 & ^! be+ made special objects ( int]e/ & att5tion1 inv>iably f>e bett] 9 reg>d to ! com=ts & necess>ies ( daily life ?an any ( ! o!rwise m =tunate memb]s ( ! community47#a7 7#a7 ,j4 ,a4 ,i41 xii4 p4 #ic4 ,mr4 ,huxley1 9 8 celebrat$ ,romanes ,lecture on ,evolution & ,morality1 laid /ress on man's contrav5tion ( ! cosmic law1 ! weake/ mu/ g to ! wall4 ,he did n expla9 ! evolution ( man's opposition to ?is law4 ,! ord9>y evolutioni/ hypo!sis1 t ! tribe w\ld prosp] mo/ ^: memb]s 7 lea/ self-seek+1 is contradict$ by all hi/ory4 ,! ov]be>+1 grabb+1 ari/ocratic1 individuali/ic1 unscrupul\s races beat ! o!rs out ( ! field4 ,mr4 ,huxley1 inde$1 alleg$ t ! influ5ce ( ! cosmic process 9 ! evolution ( society is ! great] ! m rudim5t>y its civilisation4 ,social progress means a *eck+ ( ! cosmic process at e /ep & ! sub/itution = x ( ano!r1 :i* may be call$ ! e?ical process4444 ,z civilisation has advanc$1 s has ! ext5t ( ?is int]f]5ce increas$44447#a7 ,b :]e1 9 ,europe1 is ! int]f]5ce s m>k$ z among ! ,&amanese8 ,we h /ill to face ! problem ( ! g5]osity ( l[ savages4 7#a7 ,e?ics ( ,evolution1 pp4 #ha-hd4 ,x is conceivable t ! high] e?ics ( l[ savages r reflect _! emotional in/9cts ?an arise f tribal legislation :i* is suppos$ to enable a tribe to prosp] 9 ! /ruggle = exi/5ce4 ,z ,brebeuf & ,dampi]1 among o!rs1 prove1 savages (t5 set a good example to ,*ri/ians1 & _! e?ics are1 9 c]ta9 cases1 z among ! ,&amanese & ,fuegians1 &1 probably among ! ,yao1 sanction$ by _! religion4 ,b1 z ,mr4 ,tylor says1 ! bett] savage social life seems b 9 un/able equilibrium1 liable to be easily upset by a t\* ( di/ress1 temptation1 or viol5ce47#a7 ,/ill1 religion does its be/1 9 c]ta9 cases1 to l5d equilibrium2 ?\gh all ! _w ov]1 religion (t5 fails 9 practice4 7#a7 ,prim4 ,cult41 i4 #ea4