file 0 produc$ f images produc$ by ,core
 ,hi/orical ,lit]ature 9 ,agriculture   
7,,*la71 ,cornell ,univ]sity7           
,,quak] ,,hill           ,a             
,,sociological ,,/udy                   
,,by          ,,w>r5 ,h4 ,,wilson1 ,a4  
,m4   ,,submitt$ ,,9 ,,p>tial           
,,fulfillm5t ,,( ,,!      ,,requirem5ts 
,,= ,,! ,,degree ,,(          ,,doctor  
,,( ,,philosophy                  ,,9   
,,!        ,,faculty ,,( ,,political    
,,sci5ce           ,,columbia           
,,univ]sity                 ,,new ,,york
                  #aijg                 
,,copyright #aijg1                      
,,by            ,,w>r5 ,h4 ,,wilson4    
,,cont5ts   ,,introduction  ,,"p ,i4    
,,! ,,quak] ,,community3  ,,f ,,!       
,,settlem5t ,,( ,,quak] ,,hill1 #agbh1  
,,to ,,! ,,division ,,( ,,! ,,meet+1    
#ahbh4                                  
,,page  ,,*apt] ,i4  ,s\rces            
#e   ,,*apt] ,,ii4  ,! ,locality        
#h   ,,*apt] ,,iii4  ,! ,assembl+ ( !   
,quak]s                                 

#af   ,,*apt] ,,iv4  ,economic          
,activities ( ! ,quak] ,community       
#bj   ,,*apt] ,v4  ,amusem5ts           
#bh   ,,*apt] ,,vi4  ,! ,ideals ( !     
,quak]s                                 
#cb   ,,*apt] ,,vii4  ,morals ( ! ,quak]
 ,community                             
#ch   ,,*apt] ,,viii4  ,tol]ation (     
,ho/ile ,=ces                           
#ej   ,,"p ,,ii4  ,,! ,,transition  ,,f 
,,! ,,division ,,( ,,! ,,meet+ ,,to ,,! 
,,f\nd+ ,,( ,,ak9 ,,hall1 #ahbh ,,to    
#ahhj4   ,,*apt] ,i4                    
,communication1--,! ,roads              
#fc   ,,*apt] ,,ii4  ,economic ,*anges  
#fi   ,,*apt] ,,iii4  ,religi\s ,life 9 
,transition                             
#gi   ,,"p ,,iii4  ,,! ,,mix$           
,,community  ,,f ,,! ,,f\nd+ ,,( ,,ak9  
,,hall ,,to ,,! ,,pres5t ,,"t1 #ahhj    
,,to #aijg4   ,,*apt] ,i4  ,demotic     
,composition                            
#hh   ,,*apt] ,,ii4  ,! ,economy ( ,h\se
 & ,field                               
#ih   ,,*apt] ,,iii4  ,new ,ideals (    

,quak]ism1 ,assimilation ( ,/rang]s     
#aab   ,,*apt] ,,iv4  ,! ,common ,m9d   
#aah   ,,*apt] ,v4  ,practical          
,diff]5ces & ,resemblances              
#acj   ,,*apt] ,,vi4  ,! ,social        
,organization                           
#ace   ,,*apt] ,,vii4  ,! ,social       
,welf>e                                 
#ada   ,,"p ,,iv4  ,,orig9al ,,app5dices
  ,,family ,,& ,,*ur* ,,records4        
,app5dix ,a3--,heads ( ,families 9      
,oblong ,meet+1 #agfj             #aee  
,app5dix ,b3--,names ( ,cu/om]s (       
,daniel ,m]ritt1 #agga            #aeh  
,app5dix ,c3--,de$s ( ,meet+-,h\se ,l&s 
#afg     ,,introduction4   ,f\rte5 ye>s 
ago ! au?or came to ,quak] ,hill z a    
resid5t1 & has sp5t at lea/ a "p ( ea* (
 ! int]v5+ ye>s 9 int]e/$ /udy ( !      
locality4 ,= t5 ( ^? ye>s ! fasc9ation (
 ! social life peculi> to ! place 0 ^u  
him4 ,yet all ! "t1 & increas+ly ( late1
 ! disillusionm5t :i* affects e resid5t 
9 communities ( ?is sort 0 awak5+       
que/ions & caus+ regrets4 ,:y does n !  

place gr[8 ,:y d ! resid5ts leave8 ,:at 
is ! illusive unity :i* holds all !     
resid5ts ( ! place 9 affection1 ev5 9 a 
sort ( passion = ! locality1 yet robs !m
 ( full satisfaction 9 x1 & drives ! "y 
& ambiti\s =? to live else:]e8  ,! answ]
 to ^! que/ions is n easily to be _h4 ,x
 is evid5t t on ,quak] ,hill life is    
closely organiz$1 & t = eighte5 decades 
a cont9u\s vital pr9ciple has giv5 "* to
 ! population4 ,! au?or has attempt$1 by
 use ( ! analysis ( ! mat]ial1 accord+  
to ! ,inductive ,sociology ( ,pr(essor  
,frankl9 ,h4 ,gidd+s1 to /udy pati5tly 9
 detail ea* factor :i* has play$ its "p 
9 ! life ( ?is community4  ,?is book    
pres5ts ! result ( t /udy1 & ! au?or    
ackn[l$ges 8 indebt$ness to ,pr(essor   
,gidd+s = ! work+ analysis necess>y to !
 k ( 8 problem1 z well z = pati5t       
assi/ance & inspir+ int]e/4 ,! gradual  
unfold+ ( ! conclusions1 ! logical unity
 ( ! :ole1 & ! explanation ( t :i* be=e 
0 n cle>1 h all be5 ! fruit ( ?is pati5t
 field-"w4  ,! /udy ( human society is  

at ! pres5t "t little m ?an a classify+ 
( mat]ial4 ,only ) great res]ve %\ld any
 /ud5t ann\nce ultimate results1 or     
g5]alize ^u ! :ole problem4 ,= ?is p]iod
 ( classify+ & analyz+ ! mat]ial1 su*   
/udy ( limit$ populations z ?is %\ld h  
value4 ,! au?or makes no apology = !    
smallness ( 8 field ( /udy4 ,quak] ,hill
 is n ev5 a civil division4 ,x is a     
fraction ( a ,new ,york t[n4 ,!re=e no  
/ati/ical mat]ial ( value is available4 
,x is1 moreov]1 n n[ an economic unit1  
?\gh x /ill may be consid]$ a           
sociological "o4 ,?is /udy1 !re=e1 mu/  
be ( int]e/ z an analysis ( ! work+ (   
purely social =ces 9 a small population1
 9 :i* ! :ole process may be obs]v$1 m  
closely ?an 9 ! intricate & subtle      
evolution ( a l>g]1 m self-suffici5t    
social aggregate4  ,! descriptive hi/ory
 ( ,quak] ,hill1 :i* x is my purpose 9  
?is book to write1 comprises ?ree       
p]iods2 & ! descriptive sociology       
records two diff]+ yet relat$ =ms (     
social life1 connect$ by a p]iod (      

transition4 ,?is /udy w !n be made up ( 
?ree p>ts3 ,fir/1 ! ,quak] ,community2  
second1 ! ,transition2 & ?ird1 ! ,mix$  
,community4 ,! p]iods ( "t correspond+  
to ^! ?ree are3 ,! ,p]iod ( ! ,quak]    
,community1 #agcj to #ahcj2 second1 !   
,p]iod ( ,transition1 #ahcj to #ahhj2 & 
?ird1 ! ,p]iod ( ! ,mix$ ,community1    
#ahhj to #aije4  ,! ,quak] ,community1  
:i* ran its c\rse 9 ! "o hundr$ ye>s    
foll[+ ! settlem5t ( ! ,hill1 pres5ts ! 
social hi/ory ( a homog5e\s population1 
assembl$ 9 response to common /imuli1   
ob$i5t to "o ideal1 %>+ an environm5t   
limit$ by nature1 cultivat+ an isolation
 favor$ by ! conditions ( ! "t1         
int]m>ry+1 & int]lac+ _! relations (    
mutual dep5d5ce ?r\gh a div]sifi$       
indu/ry2 kn[+ no gov]nm5t s well z !    
intimate au?ority ( _! ,mon?ly ,meet+2 &
 aft] a c5tury suff]+ absorption 9 !    
comm]ce & ?9k+ ( ! "t ?r\gh increas$    
fre$om ( communication4  ,! ,transition 
foll[s ! ,division ( ! ,quak] ,meet+ 9  
#ahbh1 ! build+ ( turnpikes1 & ! com+ ( 

! railroad 9 #ahdi4 ,a cultur$ daught] (
 ,quak] ,hill1 ^: life has ext5d$ ?r\gh 
"s ( ^? ye>s1 has call$ !m ! d>k ages4  
,x 0 ! middle age ( ! community4 ,!     
economic life ( ! place 0 und]go+ *ange1
 "u ! p5etrat+ influ5ce ( ! railroad2 ! 
population 0 und]go+ radical r5ovation1 
! ambiti\s sons ( ! old /ock mov+ away1 
& _! places be+ fill$ at ! bottom ( !   
social ladd] by =eign]s1 & by           
immigration ( resid5ts & summ] bo>d]s ( 
! _w's p4 ,above all1 ! p[]ful ideal (  
,quak]ism 0 %att]$4 ,! community _h lo/ 
! make-believe at :i* x _h play$ = a    
c5tury 9 p]fect unity4 ,) x w5t ! moral 
& social au?ority ( ! ,meet+4 ,two      
,meet+s mutually contradict+ c\ld nev]  
express ! ideal ( ,quak]ism1 t ass]t$ ! 
inspiration ( all & e man ) ! "o div9e  
_s4 ,?is s*ism1 too1 0 n local1 b !     
,mon?ly ,meet+ on ! ,hill 0 divid$ 9 !  
same ye> z ! ,ye>ly ,meet+ 9 ,new ,york1
 ! ,qu>t]ly ,meet+s 9 ! v>i\s sections1 
& ! local ,mon?ly ,meet+s ?r\gh\t !     
,unit$ ,/ates4  ,! ,p]iod ( ! ,mix$     

,community1 f ! build+ ( ,ak9 ,hall & ! 
,mizz5-,top ,hotel 9 #ahhj to ! ye>     
#aije has be5 /udi$ p]sonally by !      
pres5t writ]2 & x is 8 belief t dur+ ?is
 %ort p]iod1 especially f #ahij to      
#aijj1 ! ,hill enjoy$ z p]fect a        
communal life z 9 ! ,p]iod ( ! ,quak]   
,community4 ,! same social influ5ce 0 at
 "w4 ,an exceptionally /rong pr9ciple ( 
assimilation1 to be /udi$ 9 detail 9 ?is
 book1 :i* made ( ! orig9al population a
 c5tury & a half e>li] a p]fect         
community1 n[ made a mix$ population (  
,quak]s1 ,iri% ,ca?olics & ,new ,york   
,city resid5ts1 into a community unifi$1
 no less ob$i5t to a modifi$ ideal1 hav+
 its lead]s1 its mode ( association1 its
 peculi> local integrity & a c]ta9 moral
 di/9ction4  ,?is p]iod appe>s at ! "t (
 ?is writ+1 9 #aijg1 to be com+ sl[ly to
 an end1 ow+ to ! dea? ( _m ( ! old]    
memb]s ( ! ,quak] families1 & ! swift   
dim9ution--) _! au?ority remov$--( !    
,quak] influ5ce1 :i* 0 ! *ief factor 9 !
 community's p[] ( assimilation4  ,if "o

 may /ate 9 cond5s$ =m :at ?is /udy     
discov]s 9 ,quak] ,hill t is uncommon & 
exceptional1 "o w\ld say t ! social     
peculi>ity ( ! ,hill is3 fir/1 !        
consi/5t work+ out ( an idea 9 a social 
population1 ) ! resultant social        
organization1 & communal integrity2 &   
second1 ! p[] ( ?is community to        
assimilate individuals & make !m "p (   
itself4     ,,"p ,i4  ,! ,quak]         
,community1 f its ,settlem5t 9 #agbh1 to
 ! ,division 9 #ahbh4     ,,*apt] ,i4   
,,! ,,s\rces ,,( ,,?is ,,hi/ory4   ,!   
s\rces ( ! hi/ory & descriptive         
sociology ( ,quak] hill are1 fir/1 !    
rem9isc5ces ( ! old] resid5ts ( ! ,hill1
 _m ( :om h di$ 9 ! p]iod "u direct /udy
 9 ?is pap]2 & second1 ! writt5 records 
m5tion$ bel[4 ,at no "t 0 ,quak] ,hill a
 civil division1 & ! *ur* records       
available 7 n kept ) su* accuracy z to  
give num]ical results2 s t /ati/ical    
mat]ial is lack+4  ,! writt5 s\rces are3
      #a4 ,! records ( ,oblong ,meet+ ( 
! ,society ( ,fri5ds until     #ahbh2 ( 

! ,hicksite ,meet+ until #ahhe1 :5 x 0  
laid d[n2     & ( ! ,or?odox ,meet+     
until #aije1 :5 x ceas$ to meet4#a      
#b4 ,records ( ,pur*ase ,meet+ ( !      
,society ( ,fri5ds = !     p]iod ant$at+
 #aggj4      #c4 ,l$g]s ( ! ,m]ritt     
g5]al /ore ( dates #agga1 #aggb1 #ahci4 
#d4 ,daybooks & l$g]s ( ! ,t(fey /ore ( 
dates #ahae1 #ahbd1     #ahcc4      #e4 
,! ,quak] ,hill ,s]ies ( ,local ,hi/ory1
 publications ( !     ,quak] ,hill      
,conf]5ce4 ,9 p>ticul> ,nos4 ,,ii1      
,,iii1 ,,iv1 ,,vii1 ,,viii1     ,,ix1   
,x1 ,,xi1 ,,xiii1 ,,xiv1 ,,xv1 ,,xvi &  
,,xvii4#b      #f4 ,maps (              
,fr$]icksburgh & vic9ity by ,rob]t      
,ersk9e 9 ! ,de     ,witt ,cl9ton       
,collection1 9 ! ,new ,york ,hi/orical  
,society     ,build+4      #g4 ,pap]s by
 ,hon4 ,alfr$ ,t4 ,ack]t1 read be=e !   
,dut*ess ,c\nty     ,society 9 ! ,city (
 ,new ,york1 #ahih & #ahii4      #h4 ,an
 ,hi/orical ,sket*4 ,! ,bi-,c5t5nial ( !
 ,new ,york ,ye>ly     ,meet+1 an       
address deliv]$ at ,flu%+1 #ahie1 by    

,james ,wood4      #i4 ,a ,decl>ation ( 
"s ( ! ,fundam5tal ,pr9ciples ( ,*ri/ian
     ,tru?1 z held by ! ,religi\s       
,society ( ,fri5ds4      #aj4 ,james    
,smi?'s ,hi/ory ( ,dut*ess ,c\nty4      
#aa4 ,philip ,h4 ,smi?'s ,hi/ory (      
,dut*ess ,c\nty4      #ab4 ,loss+'s     
,field ,book ( ! ,revolution4      #ac4 
,bancr(t's ,hi/ory ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4   
#ad4 ,irv+'s ,life ( ,wa%+ton4      #ae4
 ,gazette] ( ,new ,york1 #ahab4         
#af4 ,ak9 & ,f]ris1 ,w+1 ,briggs & ,hoag
 ,family ,records4      #ag4 ,de        
,*a/ellux's ,travels 9 ,nor? ,am]ica4   
#ah4 ,anburey's ,travels 9 ,nor?        
,am]ica4      #ai4 ,?at*]'s ,milit>y    
,j\rnal ( ! ,revolution4      #bj4      
,wilson's ,rise & ,fall ( ! ,slave ,p[]4
      #ba4 ,b>num's ,eno* ,crosby4      
#bb4 ,! ,writ+s ( ,wa%+ton1 especially 9
 ,fall ( #aggh4      #bc4 ,proce$+s ( ! 
,new ,york ,hi/orical ,society1 #ahei1  
etc4      #bd4 ,new ,mil=d ,gazette1    
#aheh1 ,bo>dman's ,lett]4      #be4     
,p\ghkeepsie ,eagle1 ,july1 #ahgf1      

,loss+'s ,articles4      #bf4 ,fi%kill  
7,new ,york7 ,packet1 #aggf-aghc4       
#bg4 ,new ,york ,m]cury1 #aggf-aghc4    
#bh4 ,tax-li/s ( ! ,t[n ( ,pawl+1 ,new  
,york4   #a ,! olde/ records ( ,oblong  
meet+ are conta9$ 9 ! records ( ,pur*ase
 ,meet+1 ! "m society1 f ! e>lie/ date1 
ab\t #agda1 at :i* ,oblong is m5tion$1  
to #agdd1 :5 x became an indep5d5t      
mon?ly meet+4 ,mo/ ( ! e>ly settl]s on !
 ,oblong came ?r\gh ,pur*ase1 m>ri$ !re 
& left _! names on its pages4 ,f ! ye>  
#agdd ,oblong ,meet+ 0 a meet+ ( record1
 b = ?irte5 ye>s ! m9utes 7 writt5 on   
loose %eets1 :i* h be5 lo/4 ,!y may     
inde$ be 9 exi/5ce1 = 9 #agfj ! meet+   
directs ,cl]k ,zebulon ,f]riss to record
 ! m9utes = ! "t he has be5 cl]k2 &     
appo9ts two to record ! previ\s m9utes f
 ! e/abli%m5t ( ! meet+4 ,if ^? two did 
z !y 7 direct$1 !re %\ld be a book ( !  
olde/ records ( ! ,hill 9 exi/5ce2 & 9  
any case !re may be 9 "s old lea!r b\nd 
trunk1 leaves ( records f #agdd to      
#ageg1 ^: value is beyond calculation4  

,! m9utes ( ! ,meet+ f #ageg until !    
division1 & f t date until ! ,hicksite  
,meet+ 0 laid d[n 9 #ahhe1 are 9 !      
possession ( ,john ,cox1 ,libr>ian ( !  
,ye>ly ,meet+ 7,hicksite74 ,f #ahbh1 !  
ye> ( ! division1 until ! pres5t ye>1 ! 
m9utes ( ! ,or?odox ,fri5ds are 9 !     
possession ( ,william ,h4 ,osborn4 ,!   
m9utes ( ! ,wom5's ,meet+ previ\s to    
#ahjg are miss+2 "o volume1 f #i? ,mo41 
#ad?1 #ahjg1 to #crd ,mo41 #af?1 #ahce1 
is ) ,john ,cox4 ,9 ! same place are    
?ree volumes ( ! record ( ,bir?s1       
,m>riages & ,dea?s3 "o f #agde to #aggd2
 !n1 aft] a gap1 due to ! abs5ce ( a    
volume1 is ! second1 f #aghf to #ahff2 &
 a ?ird volume ( bir?s & dea?s alone f  
#ahbh to #ahic4 ,volumes lack+ 9 ?is    
collection are ! records ( bir?s & dea?s
 previ\s to #ahbh3 & ( m>riages f #aggd 
to #aghf4  ,! records ( ! pres5t        
,or?odox ,meet+ 9 full1 z well z !      
foll[+ two volumes ( ! records ( !      
,prep>ative ,meet+ ( ,m9i/]s & ,eld]s at
 ,oblong1 are 9 ! possession ( ,william 

,h4 ,osborn on ,quak] ,hill2 fir/ f #aj?
 mon?1 #ab?1 #aghc1 to #a/ mon?1 #ac?1  
#ahgh2 & second f #ahgh to pres5t "t4   
,la/ ( all1 ! record ( bir?s & dea?s ( !
 meet+1 f #ahaj to ! pres5t day1 foll[+ 
! l9e ( ! ,or?odox society1 is 9 !      
possession ( ! ,po/ family on ,quak]    
,hill4  #b ,,local ,,hi/ory ,,s]ies4    
,david ,iri%--,a ,memoir1 by 8 daught]1 
,mrs4 ,phoebe ,t4 ,wanz]1 ( ,quak]      
,hill1 ,n4 ,y4  ,quak] ,hill 9 !        
,eighte5? c5tury1 by ,rev4 ,w>r5 ,h4    
,wilson1 ( ,brooklyn1 ,n4 ,y4  ,quak]   
,hill 9 ! ,n9ete5? c5tury1 by ,rev4     
,w>r5 ,h4 ,wilson1 ( ,brooklyn1 ,n4 ,y4 
,hiram ,b4 ,jones & ,8 ,s*ool1 by ,rev4 
,edw>d ,l4 ,*i*e/]1 ( ,h>tsdale1 ,n4 ,y4
  ,ri*>d ,osborn--,a ,rem9isc5ce1 by    
,m>g>et ,b4 ,monahan1 ( ,quak] ,hill1   
,n4 ,y4  ,alb]t ,j4 ,ak9--,a ,tribute1  
by ,rev4 ,w>r5 ,h4 ,wilson1 ( ,brooklyn1
 ,n4 ,y4  ,anci5t ,homes & ,e>ly ,days  
at ,quak] ,hill1 by ,am&a ,ak9 ,/e>ns1 (
 ,quak] ,hill1 ,n4 ,y4  ,?omas ,tab] &  
,edw>d ,%ove--a ,rem9isc5ce1 by ,rev4   

,b5jam9 ,%ove1 ( ,new ,york4  ,"s       
,glimpses ( ! ,pa/1 by ,alicia ,hopk9s  
,tab]1 ( ,pawl+1 ,n4 ,y4  ,! ,pur*ase   
,meet+1 by ,james ,wood1 ( ,mt4 ,kisco1 
,n4 ,y4  ,9 ,lov+ ,remembrance ( ,ann   
,hayes1 by ,mrs4 ,w>r5 ,h4 ,wilson1 (   
,brooklyn1 ,n4 ,y4  ,wa%+ton's          
,headqu>t]s at ,fr$]icksburgh1 by ,lewis
 ,s4 ,patrick1 ( ,m>9ette1 ,wis4        
,hi/orical ,l&m>ks 9 ! ,t[n ( ,%]man1 by
 ,ru? ,rog]s1 ( ,%]man1 ,conn4          
,,*apt] ,,ii4  ,,! ,,locality4   ,9 !   
hill c\ntry1 sixty-two miles nor? ( ,new
 ,york1 & tw5ty-eight miles ea/ ( !     
,hudson ,riv] at ,fi%kill1 lies ,quak]  
,hill4 ,x is ! ea/]n m>g9 ( ! t[n (     
,pawl+1 & its ea/]n b\nd>y is ! /ate l9e
 ( ,connecticut4 ,on ! nor? & s\? x is  
b\nd$ by ! t[ns ( ,dov] & ,patt]son     
respectively2 on ! we/ by a l9e :i*     
r\ghly corresponds to ! we/]n l9e ( !   
,oblong1 t t]ritory :i* 0 = a c5tury 9  
dispute betwe5 ! ,/ates ( ,new ,york &  
,connecticut4 ,its l5g? is ! nor? & s\? 
dim5sion ( ,pawl+4  ,?is area is six & a

 half miles long1 nor? & s\?1 &         
irregul>ly two miles 9 wid?1 ea/ & we/4 
,quak] ,hill c sc>cely be call$ a       
hamlet1 because in/ead ( a clu/] (      
h\ses1 x is a long road runn+ f s\? to  
nor? by ,n4 ,n4 ,e4 & int]sect$ by f\r  
roads runn+ f ea/ to we/4 ,! h\seholds  
locat$ on ?is road = "o hundr$ & sixty  
ye>s con/itut$ a community ( ,quak]s    
dwell+ ne> _! ,meet+ ,h\se2 & until !   
build+ ( ! ,h>lem ,railroad 9 ! valley  
bel[ 9 #ahdi1 _h _! own /ores & local   
indu/ries4  ,be=e ! railroad came1      
,quak] ,hill 0 oblig$ to g to           
,p\ghkeepsie = access to ! _w1 ov] !    
precipit\s sides ( ,we/ ,m\nta91 & all  
supplies _h to be br\ght up f ! riv]    
level to ?is height4 ,at pres5t ,quak]  
,hill1 9 its ne>e/ gr\p ( h\ses at !    
,mizz5-,top ,hotel1 is ?ree miles &     
?ree-qu>t]s f ! railroad /ation at      
,pawl+4 ,o!r h\ses are five & sev5 miles
 f ,pawl+4 ,on ! ea/ ! ne>e/ /ation ( ! 
,new ,york1 ,new ,hav5 & ,h>t=d         
,railroad1 ,new ,mil=d1 is n9e miles    

away4 ,! ,c5tral ,new ,engl& ,bran* ( ! 
,n4 ,y4 ,n4 ,h4  ,h41 runn+ ea/ & we/1  
is at ,we/ ,patt]son or ,we/ ,pawl+1    
sev5 & eight miles4  ,! natural ob/acle 
:i* does m ?an miles to isolate ,quak]  
,hill is its elevation4 ,! ,mizz5-,top  
,hill1 z x is n[ call$1 is a /raight=w>d
 ,quak] road1 m\nt+ ! face ( ! ,hill f\r
 hundr$ feet 9 a half-mile4 ,! anci5t   
settl] on horseback laid x out2 & !     
mod]n wayf>] 9 hotel /age1 c>riage or   
motor-c> has to foll[4 ,quak] ,hill is  
cons]vative ( *ange4  ,! mean elevation 
is ab\t #a1ajj feet above ! sea4 ,!     
highe/ po9t be+ ,tip-,top1 #a1caj feet1 
& ! l[e/ po9t #fbj feet4 ,! ,hill is    
*>act]iz$ by its imm$iate & abrupt rise 
above surr\nd+ localities1 be+ f #ejj to
 #hcj feet above ! village ( ,pawl+1 9  
:i* ! wat]s divide = ! ,hudson &        
,h\satonic ,riv]s4 ,on its highe/ hill  
rises ! brook :i* becomes ! ,croton     
,riv]4 ,f almo/ ! :ole l5g? ( ,quak]    
,hill road "o looks (f ov] int]v5+ hills
 to ! ea/ = tw5ty-five miles1 & to ! we/

 = =ty miles to ,m9newaska & ,mohonk2 & 
to ! nor? fifty & sixty miles to !      
,catskill ,m\nta9s4  ,"o's fir/         
impressions are ( ! gre5 ( ! foliage &  
h]bage4 ,! grass is always fre%1 &      
usually ! great heav+ fields are mell[$ 
) orange t9ts & ! masses ( trees are ( a
 light] %ade ( gre5 ?an else:]e4 ,!     
qualities ( ! soil :i* h made ,quak]    
,hill a grass c\ntry = cattle make x a  
delight to ! eye4 ,well wat]$ always1 :5
 o!r sections may be 9 dr\ght1 its      
natural advantages take =ms ( beauty :i*
 delight ! arti/ & satisfy ! eye ( !    
untra9$ obs]v]4  ,! ,hill is a          
conspicu\s plateau1 v n>r[1 ext5d+ nor? 
& s\?4 ,x is ! place t is all l5g? & no 
bread?4 ,six miles long ^u ! cre/ ( !   
height runs ! road :i* is its ma9       
?or\ghf>e1 & 0 9 its fir/ c5tury ! *ief 
av5ue ( travel4 ,cross+ x at "r angles  
are f\r roads1 t n[ c>ry ! wagon &      
c>riage traffic to ! valleys on ei!r    
side2 :i* s9ce railroad days are ! t]m9i
 ( all j\rneys4 ,! elevation above !    

surr\nd+ hills & valleys is su* t "o mu/
 always climb to atta9 ! hill2 & "o     
moves ^u its l(ty ridge 9 con/ant sight 
( ! di/ant conspicu\s heights1 !        
,connecticut upl&s ea/ ( ! ,h\satonic on
 "o side1 & on ! o!r1 ! ,%awangunk &    
,catskill ,m\nta9s1 we/ ( ! ,hudson1 all
 ( !m m ?an #be miles away4  ,un%elt]$ z
 x is1 ! locality is subject to sev]e   
wea!r4 ,! extreme ( heat obs]v$ has be5 
#aje degrees2 & ( cold--#bd degrees4    
,quak] ,hill possesses natural          
advantages = agriculture only4 ,no      
m9]als ( comm]cial value are !re2 al?\gh
 iron ore is f\nd 9 ,pawl+ & ne>by t[ns4
 ,on ! conf9es ( ! ,hill1 9 ,deuell     
,holl[1 a %aft 0 driv5 into ! hillside =
 =ty feet1 by "s lonely prospector1 & !n
 ab&on$2 to be lat] on seiz$ ^u & made !
 traditional location ( a gold m9e4 ,!  
,quak] ,hill imag9ation is m f]tile &   
v>i$ ?an ,quak] ,hill l&4 ,no comm]cial 
advantages h ev] fall5 ^u ! place1      
except ^? resultant f cultivation ( !   
f]tile soil 9 ! way ( /ores1 n[ pass$   

away2 & ! opportunity to keep summ]     
bo>d]s 9 ! heat$ season4  ,int]e/ :i*   
atta*es to ,quak] ,hill is ( a ?ree-fold
 sort3 hi/orical1 sc5ic & climatic4 ,!  
locality has a hi/ory ( peculi>ly       
dramatic int]e/4 ,x is beautiful ) a r>e
 & satisfy+ dignity & lovel9ess ( sc5e2 
& x is ! *oice c5tral spot ( a region   
ba!d 9 a salubri\s atmosph]e :i* has _h 
mu* to d ) its social "* 9 ! pa/1 & is  
to-day v effective 9 mak+ ! place a     
summ] settlem5t ( ,new ,york p4 ,!      
population is increas$ "o hundr$ p] c5t4
 9 ! summ] mon?s1 ! increase be+ solely 
due to ! heal?ful & refre%+ nature ( !  
place4  ,! hi/ory ( ! locality is       
associat$ ) ! qua9t "n1 ,! ,oblong4 ,?is
 0 ! "n ( a /rip ( l&1 ly+ along ! ea/]n
 b\nd>y ( ,new ,york ,/ate1 n[ "p (     
,we/*e/]1 ,putnam & ,dut*ess ,c\nties1 &
 n>r[+ to ! nor?w>d1 :i* 0 = a c5tury 9 
dispute betwe5 ,new ,york &             
,connecticut4  ,!re _h be5 a half c5tury
 9 :i* ?is 0 all disput$ l&1 betwe5 !   
,dut* at ,new ,york & ! ,engli% 9 ,new  

,engl&4 ,!n foll[$ a half c5tury (      
dispute z to ! b\nd>y betwe5 si/]       
colonies1 :i* are n[ ,new ,york &       
,connecticut4 ,z soon z ?is 0 settl$ 9  
#agca ! immigration fl[$ 91 & ! hi/ory (
 ,quak] ,hill1 ! fir/ settlem5t 9 !     
,oblong1 beg9s4 ,x 0 grant$ to ,new     
,york2 & 9 comp5sation ! l&s on :i*     
,/am=d & ,gre5wi* /& 7 grant$ to        
,connecticut aft] a long & bitt]        
dispute4 ,! end ( ! dispute & ! fir/    
settlem5t ( ! ,oblong came1 = obvi\s    
reasons1 9 ! same ye>4 ,! fir/          
consid]able settlem5t ( pione]s 0 made  
at ,quak] ,hill 9 #agca1 by ,fri5ds1 :o 
came f ,h>rison's ,pur*ase1 n[ a "p (   
,rye4#c  ,! hi/orical int]e/ ( !        
locality dwells 9 ! contra/ betwe5 !    
simple annals ( ,quak]ism1 :i* 0        
practic$ !re 9 ! eighte5? c5tury1 & !   
milit>y traditions :i* h fall5 to ! lot 
( peaceful ,quak] ,hill4 ,! ,old ,meet+ 
,h\se1 kn[n = ye>s (ficially z ,oblong  
,meet+ ,h\se1 exp]i5c$ 9 its pa/1 full (
 memories ( m5 ( peace1 ! viol5t        

seizures by m5 ( w>4 ,t /ori$ sc5e1 9 ! 
fall ( #aggh1 :5 ! ,meet+ ,h\se 0 seiz$ 
= ! uses ( ! army z a hospital1#d has   
liv$ 9 ! ?\ghts ( all :o h kn[n ! place1
 & has be5 *]i%$ by none m rev]5tly ?an 
by ! *ildr5 ( ,quak]s1 ^: peace !       
soldi]s invad$4 ,bo? ! soldi] & ! ,quak]
 laid _! bones 9 ! du/ ( ! ,hill4 ,bo?  
_h fai? 9 lib]ty & equality4 ,! hi/ory (
 ,quak] ,hill 9 ! eighte5? c5tury is !  
/ory ( ^! two s*ools ( ideali/s1 :o     
ignor$ ea* o!r1 b 7 mov$ by ! same      
passion1 obey$ ! same _s4 ,x is said t a
 locality nev] loses ! impression made  
^u x by its e>lie/ resid5ts4 ,c]ta9 x is
 t ! roots ( mod]n ?+s are to be trac$ 9
 t e>lie/ p]iod1 & ?r\gh a cont9u\s     
self-conta9$ life until ! pres5t day4   
,9 ! eighte5? c5tury ,quak] ,hill 0 !   
*os5 asylum ( m5 ( peace4 ,yet x became 
! rally+ place ( p]iodic outbur/s ( !   
fight+ _s ( t w>like age2 & x 0 invad$  
dur+ ! great /ruggle = national         
indep5d5ce by ! camps ( ,wa%+ton4  ,!re 
is a dignity common to ,wa%+ton battl+ =

 lib]ty1 & ! ,quak] pione]s s]5ely      
plann+ sev5 ye>s be=e ! ,revolution = ! 
fre$om ( ! slave4 ,b he 0 a             
,revolutioni/1 !y 7 loyal to ,k+        
,george2 he 0 a man ( blood1 brilliant 9
 ! g>b ( a w>rior1 & !y 7 m5 ( peace1   
dream+ only ( ! k+dom ( ,god4 ,he 0     
fight+ = a def9ite advance 9 lib]ty to  
be enjoy$ at once2 !y 7 set on an       
enfran*isem5t t involv$ "o hundr$ ye>s2 
& a great] w> at ! end ?an 8 revolution4
 ,_! records conta9s no m5tion ( 8      
pres5ce "h1 ?\gh 8 soldi]s seiz$ &      
=tifi$ ! ,meet+ ,h\se4#e ,8 lett]s nev] 
m5tion ! ,quak]s1 nei!r _! picturesque  
abode1 _! dreams ( fre$om = ! slave1 nor
 _! ,tory loyalty4  ,ea* *]i%$ 8 ideal &
 /ak$ 8 life & ease & happ9ess ^u x4    
,ea*1 aft] ! fa%ion ( a n>r[ age1 ignor$
 ! o!r's adh]5ce to t ideal4 ,to u !y   
are sublime figures 9 bold contra/      
cross+ t f>-(f /age3 ,wa%+ton1 boot$1 ) 
belt$ sword1 spurr+ 8 horse up ! we/]n  
slope ( ! ,hill1 to review ! soldi]s ( !
 ,revolution 9 #aggh2 & ,paul ,osborn1  

,joseph ,iri% & ,abn] ,hoag1 pla9 m51   
un>m$ save ) fai?1 rid+ _! pl\gh horses 
d[n ! ea/]n slope 9 #agge1 to plead = ! 
fre$om ( ! slave at ! ,ye>ly ,meet+ at  
,flu%+4  ,:at effect ! beauty ( ! place 
_h ^u ! pione] settl]s x is1 ( c\rse1   
impossible to say1 = !y h left no record
 ( _! appreciation ( its beauty4        
,probably _! int]e/ 9 ! picturesque 0 ! 
same z t ( a ,quak] eld]1 ( f9e & *oice 
culture aft] ! ,quak] /&>ds1 :o said to 
! au?or1 ) a quiet laugh3 ,p all say t !
 views f my h\se are v beautiful1 & ,i  
suppose !y are2 b ,i h liv$ "h all my   
life1 & ,i h nev] se5 x4 ,a ,quak]ess   
confess$ to ! same indiff]5ce to !      
beauty ( ! ,hill1 until %e _h resid$ = a
 "t 9 ano!r /ate1 & _h m+l$ ) ^? :o _h a
 lively s5se ( beauty ( sc5e2 return+   
!reaft] to ! ,hill1 x appe>$ beautiful  
to h] ev] aft]w>d4  ,! l& has be5 =     
sev]al g5]ations "u a high /ate (       
cultivation4 ,! keep+ ( _m cattle has   
enri*$ ! broad pa/ures2 & ! dairy       
indu/ry has be5 c>ri$ on ) con/ant      

f]tiliz+ ( ! l&s2 s t ! great fields1   
heap+ up "o ^u ano!r1 high above !      
valley1 & plung+ d[n 9 /eep slopes s    
sudd5ly t ! fall+ l& is lo/ f view & !  
valley bel[ seems to hang unatta*$1 are 
cov]$ ) a brilliancy ( color+ & a v>iety
 ( ^? ri* t9ts ( gre5 & orange :i* spell
 to ! eye abundance1 & ar\se a ke5      
delight1 l t ( possess+ & enjoy+4  ,!re 
is also a l>ge dignity 9 ! outl9es ( e  
sc5e1 :i* con/antly exp&s ! s5sations & 
gives1 on e h&1 a s5se ( exhil>ation & a
 pleasurable excitem5t to ! emotions1   
:i* seems 9 exp]i5ce to h some?+ to d ) 
! indu/ry & application *>act]i/ic (    
,quak] ,hill4  ,) ?is ! atmosph]e has _h
 mu* to d1 no d\bt1 be+ dry & s(t4 ,!   
fir/ s5sation ( "o alight+ f a tra9 9 ! 
t[n is "o ( lightness & exhil>ation4    
,?is s5sation cont9ues ?r\gh ! fir/ h\rs
 ( "o's /ay on ! ,hill4#f ,aft] ! fir/  
day ( exhil>ation come a day or m (     
dr[s9ess1 ) nights ( pr(\nd sleep4 ,9 "s
 p]sons a height5$ n]v\sness is         
exp]i5c$1 b 9 mo/ cases ! ,hill has !   

effect ^u ^? :o reside !re ( a /eady    
n]v\s ar\sal1 a pleasure 9 activity1 & a
 ke5 int]e/ 9 life & "w4  ,:e!r ! e>ly  
settl]s1 9 select+ ! highe/ gr\nd 9 ?is 
region1 _h a s5se ( ?is excell5ce ( !   
climatic effect we d n "k2 b _!         
desc5dants believe t su* 0 _! reason =  
settl+ ! highe/ arable l& on ! ,hill    
be=e ! valleys or ! l[] slopes 7 cle>$4 
,x is ! common tradition t !y settl$ on 
! ,hill fir/1 & on its highe/ p>ts1 9   
ord] to avoid ! mal>ia ( ! l[l&s2 z well
 z because !y ?\ght ! hill l&s to be m  
f]tile4  ,! excell5ce ( ! climate is    
witness$ 9 ! long lives ( its resid5ts4 
,!re 7 liv+ 9 #aijc1 9 a population (   
f\r hundr$1 five p]sons1 ea* ( :om 0 at 
lea/ n9ety ye>s ( age2 & fifte51 ea* (  
:om 0 m ?an sev5ty-five ye>s ( age4   #c
 ,mr4 ,james ,wood1 9 8 ,bic5t5nial     
,address 9 #ahie1 ?us describ$ !        
,oblong3  ,! ea/]n side ( ! c\ntry _h   
be5 settl$ by ,presbyt]ians f           
,connecticut1 & ! we/]n side along !    
,hudson ,riv] by ! ,dut*4 ,! feel+      

betwe5 !m 0 f> f fri5dly4 ,_! disputes  
_h be5 v bitt]1 & ,rye & ,b$=d _h       
revolt$ f ,new ,york's jurisdiction4 ,_!
 :ipp+-po/s /ood ready = ! puni%m5t (   
any f ! riv] settlem5ts :o committ$ ev5 
slight (f5ses )9 _! limits4 ,z ! two    
peoples naturally repell$ ea* o!r !y _h 
left a /rip ( l&1 comp>atively          
unoccupi$1 betwe5 !m4 ,?is cont9u$ 9    
ne>ly a nor? & s\? l9e1 p>allel ) !     
riv]1 & a little m ?an midway betwe5 x &
 ! ,connecticut & ,massa*usetts l9es1 z 
f> z !y ext5d$4 ,into & ?r\gh ! /rip (  
l& ! ,quak] /ream fl[$1 l a liquid      
inject$ into a fissure 9 ! rocks4 ,ea*  
,quak] home z x settl$ became a re/+    
place = ^? :o foll[$1 = x 0 a c>d9al    
pr9ciple ( ,quak] hospitality to keep   
op5 h\se = all fell[ memb]s1 "u all     
circum/ances4  #d ,"o ,fir/ ,day morn+1 
9 ! mell[ ,octob] days ( t ye>1 !       
wor%ipp+ /illness ( ! ,fri5ds' ,meet+ 0 
brok5 by ! tramp ( horses1 & ! jangl+ ( 
spurs1 z a b& ( soldi]s rode up1        
dism\nt$ & ent]$ ! build+4 ,!y rema9$   

quiet & rev]5t1 till ! h&%ak+ ( ! eld]s 
clos$ ! meet+2 !n ! comm&+ (fic] rose1 &
 9 ! "n ( ! ,cont95tal ,congress took   
possession ( ! build+ = a hospital = !  
troops1 & z su* x 0 us$ all t w9t]4     
,aft] ?is meet+s 7 held 9 ! 'great room'
 9 ! h\se ( ,paul ,osborn1 & 7 (t5      
frequ5t$ by soldi]s /ation$ 9 ! place1  
:o li/5$ att5tively to ! speak+1 & left 
quietly at ! close ( ! meet+4--,ri*>d   
,osborn--a ,rem9isc5ce1 by ,m>g>et ,b4  
,monahan1 ,quak] ,hill ,local ,hi/ory   
,s]ies1 ,no4 ,,viii4  #e ,9 ! g>ret ( ! 
,meet+ ,h\se rifle-ports1 cut ?r\gh !   
orig9al planks1 7 discov]$ by ! pres5t  
writ]4  #f ,bodily functions are        
facilitat$ by atmosph]ic conditions :i* 
make evaporation f ! sk9 & lungs rapid4 
,t weak p]sons ^: v>iations ( heal?     
furni% good te/s1 are worse :5 ! air is 
sur*>g$ ) wat]1 & bett] :5 ! wea!r is   
f9e2 & t commonly su* p]sons are en]vat$
 by resid5ce 9 moi/ localities b        
invigorat$ by resid5ce 9 dry ones1 are  
facts g5]ally recogniz$4 ,& ?is relation

 ( cause & effect1 manife/ 9            
individuals1 d\btless holds 9           
races4--,h]b]t ,sp5c]1 ,pr9ciples (     
,sociology1 ,vol4 ,i1 p4 #ba4           
,,*apt] ,,iii4  ,,! ,,assembl+ ,,( ,,!  
,,quak]s4   ,! social m9d ( ! ,quak]    
,hill population 0 =m$1 at ! settlem5t (
 ! place1 9 a common response to common 
/imuli4 ,! population 0 congregat$ f    
,long ,isl& & ,massa*usetts settlem5ts1 
by ! tid+s ( ! op5+ ( ?is f]tile l& ( ! 
,oblong = settlem5t 9 #agca4 ,i inf] f !
 fact t settlem5ts 7 previ\sly made on  
bo? sides1 at ,fr$]icksburgh on "o side1
 & at ,new ,mil=d on ! o!r1--at ,new    
,mil=d !re 0 a ,quak] ,meet+ e/abli%$ 9 
#agbi1 fifte5 ye>s be=e ,quak] ,hill--t 
! value ( ! l&s 9 ! ,oblong 0 well      
adv]tis$4 ,f ! fact not$ by ,james ,wood
 7,! ,pur*ase ,meet+1 p4 #aj7 t ! fir/  
settlem5t 9 any consid]able numb]s 0 ^u 
,quak] ,hill 9 ! ,oblong1 ,i inf] t !   
uncommon promise ( ?is hill l& _h be5   
made kn[n to ! ,quak]s !n assembl+ at   
?is ,pur*ase 9 ! ,rye ,woods1 & t ,quak]

 ,hill 0 settl$ 9 response to ! /imulus 
( valuable1 f]tile l&s (f]$ = occupation
 & own]%ip4  ,x seems to h be5 ! desire 
( ! fir/ settl]s to =m a community :]e  
!y c\ld live ap>t1 ma9ta9 _! =m (       
religion & possess l& f]tile & ri*4 ,!  
,quak]s are always %rewd z to economic  
affairs1 & ! bus9ess motive is nev] lo/ 
sight ( 9 ! spiritual inn] light4 ,9    
*oos+ ,quak] ,hill soil !y select$ gr\nd
 :i* aft] "o hundr$ & sixty-sev5 ye>s is
 ! ri*e/ 9 ! region1 su/a9s ! be/       
dairies1 & is able long] ?an any o!r 9 !
 neighborhood 9 "t ( dr\ght to af=d     
abundant gre5 grass & v]dure4           
,illu/ration3 ,,map ,no4 ,i4  ,,quak]   
,,hill ,,& ,,vic9ity4 7,f ,rob]t        
,ersk9e's ,map1 #aggh-aghj1 9 ,de ,witt 
,cl9ton ,collection1 ,new ,york         
,hi/orical ,society47   ,illu/ration3   
,,map ,no4 ,,ii4  ,,quak] ,,hill ,,&    
,,vic9ity4 7,bas$ on a trac+ ( ,unit$   
,/ates ,geographical ,survey47   ,to ?is
 place ?us seclud$1 came ,b5jam9 ,f]riss
 9 #agbh1 & ,na?an ,birdsall4 ,!y settl$

 ^u ! sites m>k$ #ca & #ci2 :i* are     
#a1bjj & #a1ajj feet above ! sea1 & v   
ne> ! highe/ gr\nd = _m miles4 ,!re 0 at
 ?is "t1 #agbi1 a meet+ ( ,fri5ds at    
,new ,mil=d1 n9e miles away2 b ^! two m5
 came f ,pur*ase ,meet+ 9 ! t[n ( ,rye1 
=ty miles directly to ! ,s\?4 ,!re soon 
foll[$ o!rs1 be>+ ! names1 ,iri%1 ,w+1  
,briggs1 ,t(fey1 ,ak91 ,tab]1 ,russell1 
,osborn1 ,m]ritt1 ,dak91 ,hoag4 ,9 t5   
ye>s ! tide ( settlem5t 0 fl[+ full4 ,9 
=ty ye>s ! little community 0 fill$ ) z 
_m z c\ld pr(itably f9d a liv+4         
,complete records ( ! s\rces ( ?is      
immigration are n available4 ,john ,cox1
 ,jr41 ,libr>ian ( ! ,ye>ly ,meet+ (    
,fri5ds1 says ! records d n %[ 9 any    
direct way :]e ! memb]s came f4 ,a few  
came f ,long ,isl& meet+s by way (      
,pur*ase1 b mo/ ( !m f ! ,ea/1 & ,i     
believe f ,massa*usetts4 ,indirectly !  
records %[ t ! memb]s occasionally w5t  
on visits into ,new ,engl&1 & took      
c]tificates ( cle>ance !re 7to m>ry74   
,d>tm\?1 ,mass41 a t[n betwe5 ,fall     

,riv] & ,new ,b$=d1 0 ! orig9al home ( s
 _m ( !m t x easily leads all localities
 z a s\rce ( ,quak] ,hill ance/ry4 ,!   
,ak91 ,tab]1 ,briggs families came f    
,d>tm\?1 :i* 0 9 a region ( bo? tempor>y
 & p]man5t ,quak] settlem5t4 ,quak]     
,hill1 ,r4 ,i41 is )9 fifte5 miles (    
,d>tm\?4 ,! resid5ts ( ,quak] ,hill1    
,new ,york1 pres]ve traditions ( !      
returns ( ! e>ly ,fri5ds to ,rhode      
,isl&4 ,!re is a ,briggs family         
tradition ( ! fir/ pair ( boots own$ on 
! ,hill1 :i* 7 borr[$ 9 turn by e man :o
 made a visit to ! ance/ral home at     
,d>tm\?4  ,x is probable also t "s ( !  
orig9al resid5ts came f ,long ,isl&1    
?\gh f :at localities ,i d n "k4 ,!     
m9utes ( ,pur*ase ,meet+ at ,rye1 ?r\gh 
:i* meet+ mo/ ( ! ,quak] ,hill settl]s  
came1 indicate 9 only a limit$ numb] (  
cases t ! immigrant came f a f>!r po9t2 
& leave ! impression t ! ,fri5d s       
comm5d$ to ! ,oblong 0 already a resid5t
 ( ! ,pur*ase1 or ( its relat$ meet+s at
 ,flu%+ on ,long ,isl&4 ,an example is !

 case ( ,william ,russell & 8 wife1     
notable pione]s1 ! e>lie/ resid5ts (    
,site #be1 ^: lett] f ,pur*ase ,meet+ 9 
#agda indicates only t !y came to       
,oblong f ,pur*ase4  ,! settlem5t ( !   
,hill cont9u$ f ! e>ly ye>s1 #agbh-agca1
 at :i* x began1 until #aggj1 :5 !      
community may be said to h be5 complete4
 ,! l& 0 support+ by t "t all x w\ld    
be>4 ,s9ce t "t ! numb] ( h\ses on !    
,hill has rema9$ ab\t ! same1 z w be se5
 f a comp>ison ( ! ,maps ,i & ,,ii1 ! "o
 made = ,wa%+ton 9 #aggh-hj & ! o!r be+ 
a trac+ ( ! map ( ! ,topographical      
,survey ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,gov]nm5t (   
rec5t date4  ,! ext5t ( ?is population  
resid5t ^u ! ,hill is %[n 9 ! li/s (    
p]sons ^: names appe> 9 ,app5dix ,a1 :i*
 is a c5sus ( ! heads ( families 9 !    
,meet+ 9 ! ye> #agfa2 add$ to :i* is a  
li/ ( names :i* appe> 9 ! m9utes ( !    
,meet+ 9 ye>s imm$iately foll[+4 ,^!    
li/s %[ ! gr[? ( ! population "u /udy1 9
 ! ye>s f #agfa to #aghj1 = !re are :ole
 families omitt$ f ! li/ ( #agfa1 :o are

 nam$ 9 ! m9utes 9 succe$+ ye>s4 ,an    
in/ance is t ( ,paul & ,isaac ,osborn1  
:o came f ,rhode ,isl& 9 #agfj4g  ,z ?is
 li/ ( memb]s ( ! meet+ %[s ! actual    
size ( ! population resid5t ^u ! ,hill 9
 #agfa1 ! o!r li/ publi%$ 9 ,app5dix ,b1
 conta9+ ! names ( ^? :o trad$ at !     
,m]ritt /ore 9 #agga1 exhibits1 ) />tl+ 
vividness1 ! importance ( ,quak] ,hill  
at t "t4 ,little z ! place is n[1 &     
geographically remote & h>d ( access    
always1 x 0 evid5tly 9 ! ye>s nam$ a    
c5t] ( a f>-rea*+ c\ntry trade4 ,?is li/
 is publi%$ 9 full1 exactly z ! names   
appe> on ,daniel ,m]ritt's l$g]1 to     
convey ?is impression2 & by contra/1 !  
impression ( ! %r9kage 9 ! ye>s s9ce !  
railway *ang$ ! curr5ts ( trade4 ,x is  
publi%$ also z a basis ( ?is /udy1 be+ a
 num]ical description1 9 ! r\gh1 ( !    
problem we are /udy+4 ,& a ?ird use :i* 
su* a li/ may s]ve is t ( in=mation to  
^? int]e/$ 9 g5ealogy4 ,x is a v]itable 
m9e ( in=mation1 sugge/ion1 & ev5 color1
 ( ! life ( t "t--z inde$ are ! anci5t  

l$g]s1 b\nd 9 calf1 & kept ) exquisite  
c>e1 by ?is colonial m]*ant4 ,9 ^! old  
records are sugge/$1 ?\gh n describ$1 ! 
lives ( a h>d-work+1 prosp]\s           
population1 fill+ ! c\ntryside1 lay+ !  
f\ndations ( =tunes :i* are to-day      
enri*+ desc5dants4 ,x 0 a community )\t 
an idl]1 ) trades & occupations s _m z  
to be indep5d5t ( o!r communities1      
hopeful1 ab\nd+ 9 cr$it1 lay+ plans =   
g5]ations to come1 & liv+ b\ntifully1   
he>tily f day to day4  ,e item 9 ^!     
m]cantile records is ( int]e/ & full (  
sugge/ion1 f ! names ( ! negro slaves1  
:o _h acc\nts on ! books1 to ! products 
br\ght = sale by "o cu/om] aft] ano!r1  
by :i* !y liquidat$ _! acc\nts2 f ! qu>t
 ( rum b\ght by s _m ) e trad+1 to !    
,greek ,te/am5t & ,lat9 ,gramm> b\ght by
 solid ,?omas ,tab]1 :o wrote 8 "n 9    
real e/ate by 8 ?rift & =ce1 if he did n
 write x 9 dead languages4   #g ,ri*>d  
,osborn--,a ,rem9isc5ce1 by ,m>g>et ,b4 
,monahan1 ,quak] ,hill ,local ,hi/ory   
,s]ies1 ,no4 ,,viii1 p4 #aj4     ,,*apt]

 ,,iv4  ,,economic ,,activities ,,( ,,! 
,,quak] ,,community4   ,! economic      
activity ( ! e>ly ,quak] ,community 0   
v>i$4 ,all !y consum$ !y _h to produce &
 manufacture4 ,?\gh ! /ores sold cane   
sug>1 ! f>m]s made ( maple sap 9 ! spr+ 
bo? sug> & syrup1 & 9 ! fall !y boil$   
d[n ! juice ( sweet apples to a syrup1  
:i* s]v$ = sweetness 9 ! ord9>y ne$s ( !
 kit*54  ,e man 0 9 "s degree a f>m]1 9 
t ea* h\sehold cultivat$ ! soil4 ,on e  
f>m all wants _h to be suppli$ f local  
res\rces1 s t mix$ f>m+ 0 ! rule4 ,! l& 
:i* its mod]n own]s ?9k unsuit$ to any?+
 b grass1 because x is su* heavy1 clay  
soil1 0 made 9 ! #ah? c5tury to be>1 9  
addition to ! grass = cattle & %eep1    
:eat1 rye1 oats & corn1 flax1 potatoes1 
apples4 ,( :atev] ! f>m] 0 to use he mu/
 produce ! raw mat]ial f ! soil1 & !    
manufacture ( x mu/ be )9 ! community4  
,two li/s :i* come to u f e>ly days ca/ 
light on ! population & occupations ( ! 
e>ly p]iod4 ,"o is ! %]iff's li/ (      
l&[n]s 9 ,dut*ess ,c\nty 9 #agdj1 on :i*

 is no "n ( any f>m] !n resid5t on      
,quak] ,hill4 ,! o!r li/ is t ( ^? :o   
claim$ exemption f milit>y duty 9 #agee2
 #ch are f ,oblong & #ba f ,beekman1 _m 
( !m be+ ,quak]s resid5t on ! ,oblong4  
,?is li/ is z foll[s3  ,jo%ua ,%e>man1  
,beekman ,prec'nt1 %oemak]2 ,moses      
,%e>man1 ,beekman ,prec'nt1 labor]2     
,daniel ,%e>man1 ,beekman ,prec'nt1     
labor]2 ,joseph ,doty1 ,beekman         
,prec'nt1 blacksmi?2 ,john ,w+1 ,beekman
 ,prec'nt1 f>m]2 ,zebulon ,f]ris        
7,oblong71 ,beekman ,prec'nt1 f>m]2     
,joseph ,smi?1 son ( ,ri*'d1 ,beekman   
,prec'nt1 labor]2 ,rob]t ,:iteley1      
,beekman ,prec'nt1 f>m]2 ,elijah ,doty1 
,oblong ,h\se1 c>p5t]2 ,philip ,all51   
,oblong1 weav]2 ,ri*>d ,smi?1 ,oblong1  
f>m]2 ,james ,aik51 ,oblong1 blacksmi?2 
,abrah'm ,*ase1 son ( ,h5ry1 ,oblong1   
f>m]2 ,david ,hoeg1 ,oblong1 ----2 ,john
 ,hoeg1 ,oblong1 f>m]2 ,jona?an ,hoeg1  
,oblong1 blacksmi?2 ,amos ,hoeg1 son (  
,john1 ,oblong1 labor]2 ,william ,hoeg1 
son ( ,david1 ,oblong1 f>m]2 ,john      

,hoeg1 son ( ,john1 ,oblong1 f>m]2      
,ezekiel ,hoeg1 ,oblong1 labor]2 ,judah 
,smi?1 ,oblong1 tailor2 ,mat!w ,w+1     
,oblong1 ----2 ,timo?y ,dak91 ,oblong1  
f>m]2 ,jona?an ,dak91 ,oblong1 labor]2  
,samuel ,russell1 ,oblong1 labor]2 ,john
 ,fi%1 ,oblong1 f>m]2 ,re$ ,f]ris1      
,oblong1 %oemak]2 ,b5jam9 ,f]ris1       
,junr41 ,oblong1 labor]2 ,joseph ,ak91  
,oblong1 blacksmi?2 ,israel ,h[l&1      
,oblong1 f>m]2 ,eli%a ,ak91 ,oblong1    
f>m]2 ,isaac ,havil&1 ,oblong1          
blacksmi?2 ,na?an ,s\le1 son ( ,george1 
,oblong1 f>m]2 ,james ,birdsall1        
,oblong1 labor]2 ,daniel ,*ase1 ,oblong1
 f>m]2 ,silas ,mos%]1 ,oswego 9 ,beekman
 ,prec't1 f>m]2 ,william ,mo%]1 ,oswego 
9 ,beekman ,prec't1 f>m]2 ,silve/]      
,ri*mond1 ,oswego 9 ,beekman ,prec't1   
f>m]2 ,jesse ,iri%1 ,oswego 9 ,beekman  
,prec't1 f>m]2 ,david ,iri%1 ,oswego 9  
,beekman ,prec't1 f>m]2 ,william ,iri%1 
,oswego 9 ,beekman ,prec't1 f>m]2       
,josiah ,bull1 ,oswego 9 ,beekman       
,prec't1 f>m]2 ,josiah ,bull1 ,junr41   

,oswego 9 ,beekman ,prec't1 f>m]2 ,all5 
,moore1 ,oswego 9 ,beekman ,prec't1     
f>m]2 ,&rew ,moore1 ,oswego 9 ,beekman  
,prec't1 f>m]2 ,william ,gif=d1 ,oswego 
9 ,beekman ,prec't1 f>m]2 ,na?aniel     
,yeomans1 ,oswego 9 ,beekman ,prec't1   
f>m]2 ,eliab ,yeomans1 ,oswego 9        
,beekman ,prec't1 f>m]2 ,william ,p>ks1 
,oswego 9 ,beekman ,prec't1 f>m]4  ,?is 
li/ m5tions six occupations3 ! f>m]1    
blacksmi?1 tailor1 %oemak]1 c>p5t] &    
labor]4 ,) ^! six a fronti] community   
c\ld live1 = e man ( !m 0 a pot5tial    
but*]1 tann]1 trad]4 ,!re is record (   
o!rs 9 lat] ye>s1 :5 ! communal life _h 
become diff]5tiat$4 ,!re 7 at v>i\s     
times 9 ! ,quak] c5tury /ores at f\r    
places on ! ,hill4 ,! ,m]ritt /ore1 at  
,site #bh1 desc5d$ to ! sons ( ,daniel  
,m]ritt1 & f9ally to ,james ,craft4 ,!re
 0 a /ore 9 ,deuell ,holl[1 kept by     
,b5jam9 & ,silas ,deuell = sev]al ye>s4 
,!re is extant "o bill ( m]*&ise pur*as$
 by !m ( ,edw>d & ,william ,laight1     
m]*ants ( ,new ,york1 ! am\nt be+ #bjj &

 ! date ,feb4 #be1 #aghe4 ,! ,ak9 /ores 
at ,sites #dg & #df1 7 kept by ,daniel &
 ,albro ,ak91 & ! /ore at ,site #ec1 by 
,john ,t(fey4 ,^! /ores dur+ ! p]iod ( !
 ,quak] community 7 9 trade l>gely by   
b>t]1 tak+ all ! commodities ! f>m] _h  
beyond 8 imm$iate use1 & sell+ sug>1    
c(fee1 clo? & o!r commodities :i* aft]  
#ahae1 z w be %[n lat]1 rapidly increas$
 9 numb] & 9 quantity4 ,! use ( money   
increas$ at ! same p]iod4 ,! phrase /ill
 l+]s 9 ,quak] ,hill spee*3 ,i am go+ to
 ! /ore to d "s trad+1 ?\gh ! milk f>m] 
has engag$ 9 no b>t] = fifty ye>s4  ,9 !
 culm9at+ p]iod ( ! ,quak] ,community1  
:i* foll[$ ! ,revolution>y ,w>1 ! foll[+
 7 "s ( ! occupations practic$ on !     
,hill1 ! record or remembrance ( :i* is 
pres]v$3#h  ,abram ,?omas 0 a blacksmi?1
 at ,site #ad1i & is said to h made !   
nails us$ 9 build+ ! ,meet+ ,h\se4      
,george ,kirby1 at ,site #ii-a_/b1 _h a 
blacksmi? %op2 !re 0 ano!r at ,site     
x#ajj1 n[ ab&on$ on ,bur* ,hill1 kept by
 ,joel ,w9t] ,*ur*1 :]e ,wa%+ton's *>g] 

0 %od1 & ! bill 0 paid at ! close ( !   
w>4  ,b ! mo/ notable smi?y 0 at ,site  
#da1 :]e n[ /&s "o ( ! olde/ h\ses on ! 
,hill4 ,"h ,davis ,m>% wr\ght 9 iron1 & 
! s\nd ( 8 trip-hamm] audible = miles   
smote its own rememb]$ impression ^u !  
e>s ( ^? anci5t g5]ations4 ,d\btless !  
favor$ location ( ,m>%'s %op 9 !        
neighborhood mo/ c5tral1 z is %[n 9     
,*apt] ,,iii1 ,"p ,,iii1 gave x great]  
use4 ,!re 0 at "o "t a =ge 9 ! ,gl5 at  
,site #ff1 to :i* magnetic ore 0 haul$ f
 ,brew/] to be work$4  ,a smi? %op is   
also not$ on ,ersk9e's map = ,wa%+ton 9 
#aggh at ,site x#aaa4 ,! mo/ important  
manufactur+ bus9ess ( ! community1      
h[ev]1 0 ! wagon-work]'s %op at ,site   
#de1 kept by ,hiram ,%]man4 ,"u ! g5]al 
title ( wagon mak] he manufactur$ all   
movables 9 wood & iron1 f fancy wagons  
to c(f9s4  ,o!r trades 7 ( increas+     
v>iety z ! c5tury ( isolation proce$$4  
,%oemak]s w5t f h\se to h\se to make    
%oes = ! family1 ( ! lea!r f ! backs ( !
 f>m]'s own cattle1 tann$ on ! f>m or n 

f> away4 ,re$ ,f]ris 0 a %oemak]1 9 ^:  
resid5ce at ,site #ii ,wa%+ton 0        
ent]ta9$ 9 ,septemb]1 #aggh1 until he   
took up ,headqu>t]s at ,john ,kane's4   
,/eph5 ,riggs 0 a %oemak]4 ,?ree        
tann]ies 7 ma9ta9$ on ! ,hill 9 ! bloom 
( ! ,quak] community by ,ransom ,aldri* 
ab\t ,site #ac2 ,amos ,asborn1 at ,site 
x#ba1 :o also made pott]y !re2 & ,isaac 
,+]soll1 at ,site #acd4  ,albro ,ak9 _h 
a sawmill 9 ! ,gl51 & a gri/mill 0 also 
locat$ !re 9 an e>ly p]iod4 ,william    
,tab] _h a gri/mill & also a clo? mill1 
consi/+ ( c>d+ ma*9e1 full+ mill1 &     
app>atus = press+1 color+ & dress+ clo?4
 ,john ,t(fey1 at ,site #ec1 & ,joseph  
,seeley1 at ,site #ae1 & "s ( !         
,arnolds1 ne> ,site #ab1 7 hatt]s4      
,jeph?a ,sab91 at ,site #gd1 & ,joseph  
,hung]=d 7 saddl]s & h>nessmak]s4  ,e   
f>m] & inde$ e h\sehold] rais$ hogs4    
,pork 0 salt$1 z x is to-day1 = w9t]    
use1 9 b>rels ( br9e4 ,hogs also 7      
ext5sively rais$ & but*]$ = m>ket1 at a 
ye> & a half old1 ! meat be+ tak5 to    

,p\ghkeepsie by wagon1 & !nce to ,new   
,york4 ,_m :o rais$ m pork ?an _! own   
use dem&$ ex*ang$ x at ! /ores4 ,fields 
( peas 7 rais$ to fe$ ! hogs4  ,%eep    
also 7 rais$ = _! wool2 _! meat af=d$ an
 acceptable v>iety 9 f>m]'s f>e & _!    
hides _h _m uses4 ,david ,iri%1 ,daniel 
& ,david ,m]ritt1 ,jona?an ,a4 ,tab] &  
,george ,p4 ,tab] 7 f>m]s ^: product (  
wool 0 notably f9e & abundant4 ,jona?an 
,ak9 ,tab] kept ab\t elev5 hundr$ %eep1 
"s m]9o & "s saxony4  ,butt] & *eese    
mak+ 7 an important "p ( ! bus9ess &    
income ( ! f>m]'s family1 ! butt] be+   
pack$ & s5t weekly to ! ,hudson ,riv]   
boats = ,new ,york m>kets1 or to        
,bridgeport or ,new ,hav5--a two-days'  
j\rney 9 ei!r case4 ,! *eese 0 rip5$1 or
 cur$1 be+ rubb$ & turn$ e day1 & kept  
until ! deal]s came ar\nd to inspect &  
pur*ase4 ,on e f>m 0 kept a flock (     
geese1 :i* 7 pick$ once 9 six weeks to  
keep up ! supply ( fea!r b$s & to furni%
 ! requisite numb] = ! outfit ( ea*     
daught] ( ! family4  ,9 ! ye> #agfg1    

,oblong ,meet+ took action :i* result$1 
aft] sev5 ye>s ( agitation1 9 ! cle>    
decl>ation by ! ,ye>ly ,meet+ ( ,new    
,york1 e>lie/ ( su* acts1 9 favor ( !   
free+ ( slaves4 ,?is 0 "o hundr$ ye>s   
be=e ! ,emancipation ,proclamation4     
,wilson's ,rise & ,fall ( ! ,slave ,p[] 
9 ,am]ica says t ,memb]s ( ! ,society ( 
,fri5ds took ! lead 9 ! opposition to   
slav]y4 ,!re _h be5 action tak5 9 #afhh 
by a small body ( ,g]mant[n ,quak]s1 9 !
 =m ( a petition to _! ,ye>ly ,meet+    
aga9/ buy+1 sell+ & hold+ m5 9 slav]y4  
,b to ?is ! ,ye>ly ,meet+1 aft] eight   
ye>s ( delay1 repli$ only t ! memb]s    
%\ld disc\rage ! introduction ( slav]y1 
& be c>eful ( ! moral & intellectual    
tra9+ ( su* z !y held 9 s]vitude4       
,meantime ! ,quak] ,meet+s on ,long     
,isl&1 9 ,new ,york & ,philadelphia took
 action recogniz+ slav]y1 ) only a      
gradual t5d5cy to reg>d ! in/itution (  
slav]y ) disfavor4 ,n[ ! "t _h come =   
putt+ ! d5om9ation 9 array aga9/ !      
in/itution4  ,!re 0 a prea*] ( ! ,quak]s

 :o travel$ mu* f #agdf to #agfg ?r\gh !
 colonies1 proclaim+ t ! practice (     
cont9u+ slav]y is n "r2 & t lib]ty is ! 
natural "r equally ( all m54 ,9 ! la/   
ye> ( 8 propag&a occurr$ ! ev5t notable 
9 local hi/ory4 ,?is 0 ?irte5 ye>s be=e 
! action ( ! ,/ate ( ,p5nsylvania1 :i*  
initiat$ ! lawmak+ = emancipation among 
! nor!rn colonies4 ,x 0 tw5ty ye>s be=e 
,wilb]=ce took ! fir/ /ep 9 ,engl& aga9/
 ! slave-trade4 ,! record ( ?is action  
is z foll[s3  ,at a 7,ye>ly7 ,meet+ at !
 ,meet+ ,h\se at ,flu%+ ! #cj? day ( !  
#e? mon?1 #agfg1 a ,qu]ie f ! ,qu>t]ly  
,meet+ ( ! ,oblong 9 ,relation to buy+ &
 ,sell+ ,negroes 0 ,read 9 ?is meet+ & x
 0 conclud$ to be left = consid]ation on
 ! m9ds ( fri5ds until ! ,next ,ye>ly   
,meet+4 ,! ,qu]y is z foll[s3 ,x is n   
consi/5t ) ,*ri/ianity to buy & ,sell   
our ,fell[m5 = ,slaves dur+ _! ,lives1  
_! ,po/]ities aft] !m1 !n :e!r x is     
consi/5t ) a ,*ri/ian ,_s to keep ^? 9  
,slav]y t we h already 9 possession by  
,pur*ase1 ,gift or any o!rways4  ,! ye> 

aft]1 n )\t due hesitation1 a committee 
0 appo9t$ :i* drew an ,essay on t       
subject :i* 0 read & approv$ & is z     
foll[s3 ,we are ( ! m9d t x is n        
conv5i5t 7consid]+ ! circum/ances ( ?+s 
among/ u7 to give an ,answ] to ?is      
,qu]ie1 at lea/ at ?is "t1 z ! answ]+ ( 
x 9 direct t]ms manife/ly t5ds to cause 
divisions & may ,introduce he>t burn+s &
 ,/rife among/ u1 :i* ought to be       
,avoid$1 & ,*>ity ex]cis$1 & p]suasive  
me?ods pursu$ & t :i* makes = peace4 ,we
 are h[ev] fully ( ! m9d t ,negroes z   
,rational ,creatures are by nature born 
free1 & :]e ! way op5s lib]ty ought to  
be ext5d$ to !m1 & !y n held 9 ,bondage 
= ,self ends4 ,b to turn !m out at l>ge 
,indiscrim9ately--:i* seems to be !     
t5d5cy ( ! ,qu]ie1 w1 we ,appreh5d1 be  
att5d$ ) great ,inconv5i5cy1 z "s are   
too "y & "s too old to obta9 a          
livelihood = !mselves4  ,"h1 !n1 is !   
fir/ action 9 a legislative body 9 ,new 
,york ,/ate1 ^u ! free+ ( slaves4 ,!    
,qu]ie f ,oblong _h secur$ a cle>       

deliv]ance 9 favor ( ! ess5tial "r ( !  
negro z a man1 9 favor ( 8 be+ fre$ :]e 
! way op5$1 & aga9/ ! hold+ ( man = !   
s]vice ( ano!r4 ,! only hesitation ( !  
meet+ 0 frankly /at$2 emancipation 0 n  
to be pu%$ to ! po9t ( division among   
,*ri/ians1 & 0 n to be accompli%$ to !  
impov]i%m5t ( ! negro4  ,yet if ?is     
action seems to any "o l trimm+1 x 0    
foll[$ by o!r deliv]ances increas+ly    
cle> & emphatic4 ,?ree ye>s lat] ,fri5ds
 7 =bidd5 to sell _! slaves1 except "u  
conditions controll$ by ! ,meet+4       
,?r\gh\t ! communities ( ,fri5ds !      
agitation 0 be+ c>ri$ on1 & ! meet+s 7  
anxi\s to purge !mselves ( ! evil4      
,f9ally 9 #agge came ! cle> utt]ance ( !
 ,ye>ly ,meet+ 9 favor ( emancipation   
)\t conditions3 x be+ our solid judgm5t 
t all 9 pr(ession ) u :o hold ,negroes  
ought to re/ore to !m _! natural "r to  
lib]ty z soon z !y arrive at a suitable 
age = fre$om4 ,at ?is meet+ ! ,oblong 0 
repres5t$ by ,joseph ,iri%1 ,abn] ,hoag 
& ,paul ,osborn4  ,x only rema9s to     

picture ! re/ ( ! process by :i* slav]y 
0 purg$ away on ,quak] ,hill4 ,9 #agge !
 practice ( buy+ & sell+ slaves _h come 
to an end1 & no public abuse 0 not$ by !
 ,meet+ 9 ! treatm5t accord$ to slaves  
by _! ma/]s4 ,! next ye> !re 0 b "o     
slave own$ by a memb] ( ! ,meet+2 & !   
day he 0 fre$ 9 ! fall ( #aggg 0 c\nt$  
by ! ,meet+ s notable t ! cl]k 0 direct$
 to make a m9ute ( ! ev5t4 ,! own] _h   
be5 ,samuel ,field1 & ! slave 0 call$   
,philips4 ,ano!r manumission 9 #aggi is 
record$1 b x 0 d\btless 9 ! case ( a new
 resid5t ( ! ,hill1 = x is record$ )\t  
signs ( ! joy exhibit$ 9 ! fre$om (     
,philips4  ,9 ! ye>s #aghb-c ! f9al act 
9 emancipat+ ! local slaves 0 tak51 9 ! 
inve/igation by a committee ( ! ,meet+  
into ! condition ( ! fre$ slaves1 & !   
obligations ( _! old ma/]s to !m4 ,x 0 n
 v cordially receiv$ at fir/1 b 9 ! ?ird
 ye> ( ! life & labors ( ! committee x 0
 report$ by !m t ! negroes appe> to be  
satisfi$ )\t fur!r settlem5t4 ,s ! fir/ 
,am]ican community to free h]self f     

slav]y requir$ b sixte5 ye>s ( agitation
 fully to complete ! process4   #h ,see 
,"s ,glimpses ( ! ,pa/1 by ,alicia      
,hopk9s ,tab]1 #aijf2 ,quak] ,hill      
,s]ies4  #i ,see ,map ,,ii4     ,,*apt] 
,v4  ,,amusem5ts ,,9 ,,! ,,quak]        
,,community4   ,! ,quak] community _h   
little "t = amusem5ts1 & less pati5ce4  
,! discipl9e ( ! ,meet+ levell$ its guns
 at ! play _s1 & = a c5tury m5 7        
?reat5$1 visit$1 dis[n$ if necess>y1 =  
go+ to frollicks1 & go+ to places (     
amusem5t4 ,! ,meet+ ,h\se records leave 
no room = d\bt z to ! op9ion held by !  
,society ( ,fri5ds ^u ! matt] ( play4   
,an acc\nt is giv5 else:]e ( ! discipl9e
 ( ! ,meet+ 9 its /ruggle aga9/         
immorality & frollick+4 ,! foll[+       
quotation f ,james ,woods' ,! ,pur*ase  
,meet+1 vividly depicts ! confus$       
elem5ts ( ! social life ( t "t3 ,on     
great occasions su* z ! hold+ ( a       
,qu>t]ly ,meet+1 ! population turn$ out 
en masse4 ,piety & worldl9ess bo? obs]v$
 ! day4 ,! latt] class ga!r$ ab\t !     

meet+ h\se1 _h wre/l+ mat*es & v>i\s    
a?letic sports 9 ! neighbor+ fields1 &  
horse races on ! adjac5t roads4 ,!      
meet+s regul>ly appo9t$ committees z a  
police =ce to keep ord] ab\t ! meet+    
h\se dur+ ! "t ( wor%ip & bus9ess4  ,!  
/ories told by old ,quak] ,hill resid5ts
 ( ! ga!r+s ab\t ! meet+ h\se1 ev5 on   
,fir/ ,day1 or ,sunday1 confirm ! above 
quotation4 ,! field opposite ! meet+    
h\se1 = ye>s aft] #agfi1 :5 ! e>lie/    
meet+ h\se 0 mov$ away f t site1 0 us$ z
 a burial gr\nd1 & lat]1 no head/ones   
be+ plac$ 9 ^? e>ly days1 z a space =   
te!r+ horses4 ,an old resid5t tells me t
 cr[ds ( m5 7 always ab\t ! meet+ h\se  
be=e & aft] meet+1 & ev5 dur+ meet+1 & t
 9 lat] ye>s ! resid5t ( ,site ,no4 #cb1
 :o own$ valuable horses1 us$ to exhibit
 a blood$ /allion on a te!r1 lead+ him  
up & d[n to ! admiration ( ! horse-own]s
 pres5t1 & to _! probable int]e/4  ,^!  
conditions seem to h cont9u$ ?r\gh t    
:ole c5tury4 ,! play _s _h no p]mitt$ or
 au?oriz$ occasions4 ,x _h to ex]cise   

itself ) ! o!r in/9cts1 9 ! common      
ga!r+s4 ,x 01 z f> z we c see1 a "t (   
asceticism4 ,m5 7 =bidd5 r ?an invit$1 9
 ^? days4  ,! ,meet+ n only provid$ no  
play opportunities1 b x =bade !         
att5dance ( its memb]s ^u ! frollicks1  
:i* !n 7 held1 z n[adays !y are held1 9 
! c\ntry side4 ,a ga!r+ ) pl5ty to eat1 
& 9 ^? days a free indulg5ce 9 dr9k on !
 "p ( ! m51 ) music ( ! fiddl]1 & danc+1
 ?is 0 a frollick--t horror ( ! meet+   
h\se eld]s4 ,inde$1 x 0 ( incid5tal     
moral detrim5t2 = x 0 outlaw$ amusem5t1 
& be+ "u ! ban1 0 controll$ by m5 beyond
 ! influ5ce or control ( ! meet+4 ,! "y 
p ( ! ,quak] families1 & sometimes _!   
eld]s1 yield$ to ! fasc9ations ( ^!     
ga!r+s4 ,! unwont$ excitem5t ( meet+1 ! 
s\nd ( music1 play+ ^u ! capacity =     
motor reactions 9 a p liv+ & labor+     
outdoors1 inflam$ beyond control by rum 
& h>d cid]1 soon l$ to lively1 impulsive
 activities & physical ex]tions1 bo? 9  
immod]ate excess & 9 disreg>d ( all !   
inhibitions ( tradition & ( consci5ce4  

,t !re 0 a close relation ( ^! frollicks
 ) ! sexual immorality ( ! p]iod is     
probable4  ,( m conc]n to u "h is !     
obs]vation1 :i* is made ) caution1 t !  
attitude ( ! community to amusem5ts 0 n 
conducive to moral bett]m5t1 because    
amusem5t 0 n specializ$4 ,! repression (
 ! play _s1 (f]+ x no occasions1        
recogniz+ no times & places z           
appropriate = x1 di/urb$ ! equilibrium (
 life1 =c$ ! normal animal spirits ( !  
population to impulsive & explosive     
expressions & depriv$ !m ( ! regulative 
control ( ! community4  ,x is probable t
 t e>ly p]iod _h modes ( amusem5t !     
record ( :i* is :olly lo/4 ,!re are few 
s\rces exi/+ to in=m u ( ! amusem5ts (  
labor+ classes4 ,h9ts occur 9 su*       
records z t ( ! sale ( p[d] & %ot1 (    
fi%hooks & a qu>t ( rum1 at ! ,m]ritt   
/ore1 9 #agga1 to ! ,vaughns4 ,sev5 ye>s
 lat] ! ,vaughns 7 ! ,tory c[boys1 :o   
robb$ ! def5celess neighborhood1 until  
_! lead] 0 kill$ by ,capta9 ,pe>ce1 dur+
 ! ,revolution4  ,x is probable t !n !  

community wore ! aspect :i* n[ x we>s1 (
 indu/ry )\t play2 & t memb]s w5t       
else:]e = _! amusem5t1 ! ackn[l$g$      
lead]s 9 :i* 7 resid5t 9 o!r            
neighborhoods & communities4  ,!        
recreation ( ! body ( work+ population (
 ! ,hill 0 incid5tal to ! religi\s      
assemblies4 ,9 ^! meet+s !y took an     
int5se & a v human pleasure4 ,_!        
solit>y1 outdoor labor 0 p]=m$ 9 an     
int5se atmosph]e ( communal int]action4 
,he :o rais$ hogs 0 to sell !m1 n to a  
di/ant m>ket1 b to ,daniel ,m]ritt1 or  
,john ,t(fey1 ! /orekeep]s4 ,he :o made 
%oes w5t f h\se to h\se1 full ( news1   
always talk+1 always he>+4 ,he :o wove  
he>d n 8 creak+ loom1 b ! voice ( !     
/orekeep] or ( ! neighbor to :om he w\ld
 sell4 ,! *eeses a woman press$ & wip$ 9
 a morn+ 7 to be sold1 n f> away to     
p]sons unse51 b to neighbors kn[n1 ^:   
ta/es 7 nicely asc]ta9$ & reg>d$4  ,!   
result 0 t meet+s on ,fir/ ,day & ,f\r? 
,day 7 times ( int5se pleasure1         
occasions ( all-ar\nd int]e/3 n m]e     

bus9ess int]e/1 b incid5tally a l>ge    
satisfaction ( ! play in/9ct1 especially
 = ! work+ & mature p]sons4 ,! "y1 too1 
_h _! happ9ess & enjoym5t ( "o ano!r 9 a
 multitude ( ways1 9 addition to ^?     
boi/]\s games describ$ above by ,mr4    
,james ,wood4 ,_! int5se fri5d%ips &    
lively ent]prises 7 probably n s easy to
 conf9e to ! b\nds ( sob]1 /aid meet+s1 
b no less did _! m]ry good spirits fill 
^? assemblies4 ,! gall]ies ( ! old      
,meet+ ,h\se 7 built 9 #ahjj = ! "y1 :o 
7 expect$ to sit !re dur+ meet+4 ,!     
wood5 curta9s betwe5 ! m5's "p & !      
wom5's "p are especially ?or\gh 9 _!    
exclusion ( ev5 an eye%ot f "o side to !
 o!r4     ,,*apt] ,,vi4  ,,! ,,ideals   
,,( ,,! ,,quak]s4   ,9 ! ,introduction  
to ,pr(essor ,c>v]'s ,sociology &       
,social ,progress is a passage ( great  
significance to "o :o w\ld und]/& ,quak]
 ,hill1 or inde$ any community1         
especially if x be religi\sly organiz$4 
,! writ] ref]s to3 a mo/ important      
psy*ic factor1 namely ! p[] (           

idealization4 ,?is may be def9$1 n v    
accurately1 z ! p[] ( mak+ believe1 a   
factor :i* sociologi/s h sc>cely        
appreciat$ z yet4 ,we h su* popul>      
expressions z 'mak+ a virtue (          
necessity1' :i* indicates t !re is a    
c]ta9 popul> appreciation ( ! real      
significance ( ?is p[]1 b we h v little 
9 ! way ( a sci5tific appreciation ( x4 
,"o ( ! greate/ res\rces ( ! human m9d  
is its ability to p]suade itself t :at  
is necess>y is noble or dignifi$ or     
honorable or pleasant4 ,= example1 !    
great] "p ( ! human race has be5 f\nd to
 live "u conditions ( almo/ incessant   
w>f>e4 ,w> be+ a necessity f :i* !re 0  
no escape1 x 0 a great advantage to be  
able to glorify x1 to p]suade ourselves 
t x 0 a noble call+--9 o!r words1 a good
 9 itself4  ,ano!r example is f\nd 9 !  
case ( "w4 ,"w is a necessity z imp]i\s 
z w> ev] 04 ,look$ at frankly &         
tru?fully1 "w is a disagreeable         
necessity & n a good 9 itself4 ,yet by  
p]suad+ ourselves t "w is a bless+1 t x 

is dignifi$ & honorable1 our will+ness  
to "w is mat]ially increas$1 & !re=e !  
process ( adaptation is facilitat$--9   
o!r words1 progress is accel]at$4 ,among
 ! mo/ effective ag5cies = ! promotion (
 progress1 !re=e1 mu/ be includ$ ^? :i* 
/imulate ?is p[] ( idealization4 ,9     
%ort1 he :o 9 any age helps to idealize 
^? factors & =ces ^u :i* ! progress ( 8 
age dep5ds1 is p]haps ! mo/ useful man1 
! mo/ p[]ful ag5t 9 ! promotion ( human 
well-be+1 ev5 ?\gh f ! /rictly reali/ic 
po9t ( view he only succe$s 9 mak+ ?+s  
appe> o!r ?an !y really are4 ,f !       
sociologi/'s po9t ( view ?is is !       
mission ( art & prea*+ ( all k9ds4  ,!  
quotation f ,pr(essor ,c>v] be>s !      
impression ( incomplet5ess1 or r (      
sugge/iv5ess4 ,if mak+ a virtue (       
necessity is idealization1 is n         
symbolism also a =m ( make believe4 ,if 
! ability to p]suade oneself t :at is   
necess>y is noble or dignifi$ or        
honorable or pleasant1 is exhibit$ on   
,quak] ,hill z a mo/ important psy*ic   

factor1 s is also ! idealization ( !    
commonplace ! mak+ believe t peace &    
pla9ness1 t simple1 old-fa%ion$ dress1 &
 sev5te5? c5tury =ms ( spee* are        
spiritual & are s]viceable to ! believ+ 
m9d4 ,! p[] ( idealization is n[h]e     
exhibit$ z a social =ce m cle>ly ?an 9 a
 ,quak] community4 ,pr(essor ,c>v]'s ^w1
 make believe1 is mo/ accurate4 ,quak]s 
act ) all s9c]ity ! drama ( life1 us+   
co/ume & artificial spee*1 & atta*+ to  
all conduct peculi> mann]isms2 ca/+ ov] 
all action a special veil ( complac5t   
s]5ity2 all :i* are p>ts 9 _!           
realization ( ! ideal ( life4 ,_!       
fundam5tal pr9ciple is t ! div9e _s     
dwells & acts 9 ! he>t ( e man2 n 9 a   
*os5 few1 n 9 ! elect only1 b 9 all     
he>ts4 ,quak] ,hill to ?is day acts ?is 
out1 9 t e p]son 9 ! community is kn[n1 
?\ght ^u1 reckon$ & e/imat$ by e o!r4   
,t[ns on ei!r side h a neglect$         
population area1 b ,quak] ,hill has     
none4 ,pawl+ 9 its o!r neighborhoods has
 =gott5 roads1 despis$ cab9s1 9 :i*     

dwell p]sons = :om nobody c>es1         
drunk>ds1 ill-do]s1 :om o!rs =get &     
ignore4 ,quak] ,hill ignores no "o4 ,!re
 are1 inde$1 ri* & poor1 b ! =m] employ 
! latt]1 "k _! /ate1 enjoy _!           
peculi>ities1 reli% _! humor4 ,x has    
app>5tly always be5 s4 ,else:]e ,i h    
describ$ ! measures tak5 by popul>      
subscription to replace ! losses suff]$ 
by ! humbl] memb]s ( ! community1 9 !   
tools ( life 7see ,*apt] ,,vii74 ,x ne$ 
n be said t ! poor] memb]s be> ! ri* 9  
m9d4 ,e p]son resid5t on ! ,hill has    
come to p>take 9 ?is s5se ( ! community1
 ?is practice ( new ,quak]ism4 ,no "o is
 out ( sight & yet !re is no dream (    
equality beh9d ?is communal s5se4 ,x is 
z f> f a communi/ic1 z f a *>itable /ate
 ( m9d4 ,x is ! result ( ye>s ( belief 9
 common m5 & common ?+s4  ,?is make     
believe t commonplace ?+s are !         
spiritual ?+s 0 a coroll>y ( ,george    
,fox's life z mu* z ( 8 doctr9e4 ,he    
oppos$ pomp & ritual1 sal>i$ prie/s1    
ord9ations & consecrations2 he          

disbeliev$ 9 ! imposition ( h&s4 ,8     
foll[]s !re=e w5t s f> z to f9d 9       
pla9ness a new sanctity4 ,!y adapt$ at  
once ! pla9 g>b ( ! p]iod ( ,william    
,p5n & ,rob]t ,b>clay1 & ! g5]ations (  
m5 :o foll[$ felt !mselves morally      
bett]$ by a drab coat & bree*es1 a :ite 
neck-clo?1 & a broad-brimm$ br[n hat2 ! 
wom5 by dresses ( simple l9es1 l[ tones 
( color1 bonnets ( peculi> %ape1 %ield+ 
! eyes on ei!r side4  ,( c\rse 9 "t ?is 
exceptional g>b by its uniqu5ess defeat$
 ! v desire ,george ,fox _h = pla9ness4 
,x 0 n commonplace b extraord9>y4 ,roby 
,osborn's g>b is ?us describ$ by h]     
biograph]3 ,h] w$d+ g[n 0 a ?ick1       
lu/reless silk1 ( a delightful yell[i%  
olive1 h] bonnet :ite4 ,b5ea? x h] d>k  
hair 0 smoo?ly b&$1 & f its demure %elt]
 h] eyes look$ gravely out4 ,h] ve/ 0 a 
f9e tawny br[n1 ( a sprigg$ patt]n1 bo? 
g[n & ve/ z arti/ically h>moni\s z !    
product ( an ,ea/]n loom4 ,pieces ( bo? 
7 sewn into a pat*work quilt1 n[ a      
family heirloom4#aj  ,= m ?an a c5tury  

n[ pla9ness 9 dress has be5 extravagance
 9 dress4 ,a prop] ,quak] hat = man or  
woman co/s twice or ?rice :at pla9 p ( !
 same /ation 9 life w\ld pay4 ,b be x s4
 ,9 its day1 :i* is n[ gone--= only "o  
p]son n[ we>s pla9 dress on ,quak]      
,hill--x 0 a true expression ( ! make   
believe ( sanctity 9 pla9ness4 ,! quiet 
colors1 ! prescrib$ unworldl9ess involv$
 a daily discipl9e1 & infus$ into ! we>]
 an emotional exp]i5ce :i* m]e economy &
 real commonness w\ld nev] s cont9u\sly 
h effect$4  ,! pla9 spee* has ! same    
effect4 ,x is "p ( ! same dramatic      
celebration ( an ideal4 ,x is a use (   
qua9t & antique =ms1 n grammatically    
correct nor scriptural1 9 :i* !e takes !
 place ( ?\ & y 9 ! s+ul>1 bo? 9 !      
nom9ative & objective cases4 ,x is n us$
 ) ! =ms ( ! v]b ( solemn /yle1 b )     
common =ms1 z !e has in/ead ( ?\ ha/4   
,ano!r elem5t ( ! pla9 spee* is ! use ( 
su* t]ms z f>ewell = good day--:i* is   
decl>$ to be untru?ful on bad days6 ,!  
,quak]s also address "o ano!r by _! fir/

 names1 & ! old-fa%ion$ ,fri5ds address$
 ev]ybody s1 refus+ to use su* titles z 
,mr41 ,mrs41 or ,miss4  ,( late ye>s !  
y\ng] memb]s ( ! ,meet+1 :ile ma9ta9+ _!
 /&+ !re1 h us$ ) p]sons n 9 ! ,meet+ ! 
ord9>y =ms ( spee*1 z !y h refus$ to    
assume ! ,quak] pla9 g>b4 ,)            
fell[-,quak]s & ) memb]s ( _! own       
families !y say !e4  ,be=e ! p]iod ( !  
mix$ community ?is p[] ( idealization1 (
 mak+ believe1 _h wr\ght its greate/    
effects1 b x /ill has full c\rse & p[]  
)\t ! highe/ direction4 ,! m9ds ( !     
resid5ts ( ! ,hill are v sugge/ible2 b !
 p]sons :o h ! p[] to implant !         
sugge/ion are no long] inspir$ z ( old1 
) a sublime & une>?ly ideal4 ,!y are    
only animat$ ) an economic "o4 ,b !     
result is ! same4 ,x is social1 r ?an   
religi\s4 ,x 0 "o ?+ = ! e>ly ,fri5ds to
 cem5t toge!r a community ?r\gh ! feel+ 
t 9 e man 0 ! ,_s ( ,god4 ,a wond]ful   
appetite 0 t = ! assimilation ( new     
memb]s com+ into ! community4 ,x 0 a    
doctr9e t made all ! *ildr5 bir?right   

memb]s ( ! ,meet+ & s ( ! community4  ,b
 9 our lat] "t1 betwe5 #ahie & #aije1   
?is p[] ( mak+ believe _h suff]$ ! /ra9 
( a division ( ! meet+4 ,x 0 h>d] to    
believe t ! ,_s ( ,god 0 9 all m51 :5   
half ! community 0 set (f z unor?odox4  
,x _h suff]$ ! /ra9 ( see+ ! wide social
 diff]5ce caus$ by money4 ,yet x bravely
 play$ ! game4 ,*ildr5 are n m adapt at 
mak+ believe ?an 7 ^! old ,fri5ds4 ,!y  
deceiv$ ev5 !mselves2 & _! pret5d+      
assimilat$ into ! communal life e       
newcom]4 ,= x creat$ und]nea? all       
diff]5ces a s5se ( on5ess2 x kept alive1
 9 all divisions1 _m ( ! op]ations (    
unity4 ,x compell$ /rang]s & doctr9al   
enemies to make believe to be fri5ds4   
,i f9d x difficult to describe ?is      
elusive =ce ( ! communal _s 9 ! place1 j
 z ! communal "* ( ! place is itself    
evanesc5t1 :ile always p[]ful4 ,i "k    
cle>ly only ?is1 t x proce$$1 & /ill on 
,quak] ,hill proce$s f ! old religi\s   
inh]itance1 & f ! pres5t religi\s "* ( !
 place2 t x t5ds directly to ! creation 

( ! community ( all m51 ( all diff]5t   
gr\ps1 & t x is ready at h& at all "t1  
to be call$ to ! assi/ance ( anyone :o  
kn[s h[ to appeal to t communal unity2 &
 t x is a p[] ( idealization1 mean+ by t
 a p[] ( mak+ believe4 ,9 ?is p[]1 ,i   
recognize ?is community z be+ m exp]t & 
bett] v]s$ ?an any ,i h ev] kn[n4  ,!   
dramatic expression ( an ideal has _h   
great social p[]4 ,^u ! casual obs]v] or
 visitor x has wr\ght ) ! effect ( a *>m
 to impress ^u !m 9 a subtle way ! ideal
 ( ,quak]ism4 ,express$ 9 words1 x w\ld 
h no int]e/3 act$ out s qua9tly1 x      
awak5s admiration1 int]e/1 & imitation1 
n ( ! =ms1 b always 9 "s degree ( !     
sub/ance ( ! ,quak] ideal4  ,?us !      
,quak] ideal has giv5 au?ority to !     
,fri5ds1 especially to ! old] & m       
cons]vative ( !m2 has furni%$ a subtle  
ma*9]y = assimilat+ new memb]s into !   
community & ?us has be5 an organiz+ p[]4
   #aj ,ri*>d ,osborn--a ,rem9isc5ce1 by
 ,m>g>et ,b4 ,monahan2 ,quak] ,hill     
,s]ies1 #aijc4     ,,*apt] ,,vii4       

,,morals ,,( ,,! ,,quak] ,,community4   
,f ! fir/ ! memb]s f\nd !mselves        
subject$ to a cle>1 simple /&>d (       
morals4 ,its dom9ion 0 unbrok5 = "o     
hundr$ ye>s1 & came to an end ) !       
,division ( ! ,meet+2 ?\gh t ev5t 0 a   
result z mu* z a cause ( its t]m9ation4 
,= "o hundr$ ye>s a local e?ical code   
prevail$4 ,:ile !y liv$ ap>t ! ,quak]s 9
 _! community life rejoic$ 9 ! unbrok5  
sway ( a communal code ( morals1 !      
ob$i5ce to :i* made = survival &        
economic success4 ,:51 ) bett] roads to 
,p\ghkeepsie & to ,fr$]icksburgh1       
newcom]s began to invade ! community2 :5
 9 #ahdi ! railroad came to !           
neighborhood1 imm]s+ ! ,quak]s 9 ! _w   
economy1 ! ,quak] code 0 insuffici5t1   
ret>d$ r ?an assi/$ survival1 & r =bade 
?an enc\rag$ success4 ,x !re=e lo/ its  
=ce4 ,only 9 a few individuals has x    
surviv$4  ,! resid5ts ( ! ,hill1 f _!   
e>lie/ settlem5t 9 #agbh to ! "t ( !    
,division 9 #ahbh1 knew no o!r gov]nm5t 
?an t ( ! ,meet+4 ,!y accept$ no o!r    

au?ority1 hop$ = public good ?r\gh no   
o!r ag5cy1 ev5 read no o!r lit]ature1   
?an t ( ! ,quak] ,mon?ly ,meet+ ( !     
,oblong4 ,! religi\s ,meet+ ,h\se 0 also
 ! ,city ,hall1 ,/ate ,h\se1 &          
,legislature = ! patriotism1 z x 0 !    
focus ( ! wor%ip & doctr9al activity (  
?is population4 ,?is _c be /at$ too     
/rongly1 = !re 0 no limit to its effect4
 ,x expla9s _m ?+s o!rwise div]se &     
unexpla9$4  ,dur+ all ! p]iods ( w> !   
,quak]s %[$ _! sep>at5ess by refus+ to  
pay taxes1 le/ !y contribute to !       
support ( armies4 ,9 ! ,revolution1 !   
,meet+ ex]cis$ unfl9*+ discipl9e1 = !   
purpose ( keep+ memb]s out ( ! patriot  
armies1 & puni%$ ) equal vigor ^? :o    
paid = ! privilege ( exemption f milit>y
 duty & ^? :o enli/$ 9 ! ranks4 ,9 e act
 ( ! discipl9e ( ! ,quak] ,community    
appe>s ! purpose ( ! ,meet+1 namely1 to 
keep its memb]s to itself & away f all  
o!r moral & spiritual control4 ,?is w   
appe> 9 def9ite illu/rations bel[4  ,!  
/&>d ( morals :i* ! ,meet+ ?us upheld ) 

jeal\s c>e 0 a simple "o1 & logically   
d]iv$ f ! di/9ctive doctr9e ( ! ,society
 ( ,fri5ds4 ,t ! ,_s ( ,god dwells 9 e  
man 0 _! belief1#aa & f #afej1 :5 ,fox 0
 call$ a ,quak] be=e ,ju/ice ,b5nett at 
,d]by1 ,engl&1 to ! ,division 9 #ahcj1  
!y appli$ ?is doctr9e 9 practical1 r ?an
 9 metaphysical ways4 ,!y 7 a moral1 r  
?an a !ological p4 ,x w appe> 9 ?is     
*apt] t only :5 ! moral grip ( ! ,meet+ 
0 brok5 9 a division did doctr9al       
que/ions come to discussion on ! ,hill4 
,! moral be>+ ( ! "o c>d9al doctr9e (   
,quak]ism is well express$ 9 ! foll[+   
quotation f a ,fri5d qualifi$ to speak )
 au?ority3  ,! ,fri5ds h be5 consi/5t 9 
all _! peculi>ities ) "o c5tral         
pr9ciple1 ! pres5ce & inspiration ( !   
,div9e ,_s 9 ! human s\l4 ,?is has be5 !
 reason = _! opposition to slav]y4 ,!y  
felt1 ,y _c hold 9 slav]y ,,god6 ,& ,god
 is 9 ?is black man's life1 !re=e y _c  
enslave ,god 9 him4 ,s y mu/ n inflict  
capital puni%m5t ^u ?is man 9 :om is    
,god4  ,! same argum5t dignifi$ woman1  

:o 0 made ! equal ( man4 ,! same argum5t
 applies to ! impossibility ( w>4 ,y _c 
?9k ( ,god fight+ aga9/ ,god4 ,! ,quak] 
_h no s5tim5tal idea ( suff]+2 b he     
believ$ t y _c take life1 9 :i* is ,god4
  ,! same argum5t appli$ to weights &   
measures2 ! ,quak]s e>ly dem&$ t !y be  
(ficially seal$4 ,s !y believ$ 9 only "o
 /&>d ( tru?1 r ?an "o = conv]sation &  
"o = a c\rt ( ju/ice4 ,no oa?s 7        
necess>y = ^? :o spoke = ,god all !     
"t4#ab  ,9 ?is belief "o sees ! pr9ciple
 on :i* 7 select$ ! re=ms 9 :i* ! ,quak]
 ,prea*] 0 int]e/$4 ,he appe>s to h _h  
444 8 m9d /rongly influ5c$ to an active 
prote/ aga9/ ! evils ( slav]y1 w>1      
capital puni%m5t & intemp]ance4#ac ,ea* 
( ^! re=ms 0 inspir$ by rev]5ce = human 
life1 :i* 0 ?\ght to be desecrat$ or    
abus$4  ,?is simple code express$ itself
 9 ab/95ce f practices believ$ to defile
 ! body4 ,memb]s ( ! ,meet+ e>ly adopt$ 
a /rict rule aga9/ ! use ( intoxicat+   
liquors4 ,x is said ( ! ance/ors (      
,ri*>d ,osborn t3 ,( ^! six g5]ations n 

a man has ev] be5 kn[n to use spiritu\s 
liquors1 or tobacco1 to indulge 9       
pr(anity1 or to be guilty ( a di%one/   
action4#ad  ,a s5se ( p]sonal           
degradation und]lay _! opposition to    
pov]ty among memb]s4 ,!re is record ( an
 ord] ( ! ,meet+1 9 #agge1 = ! pur*ase (
 a c[ to loan to ,joseph ----4 ,!       
practice ?us e>ly obs]v$ has s9ce !n be5
 unbrok54 ,! memb] ( ! community :o     
comes to want is at ?is day tak5 c>e (  
by popul> subscription4 ,?r\gh ! e>ly   
c5tury ! ,meet+ accompli%$ ?is end1     
sometimes by =mal1 sometimes by in=mal  
me?ods4 ,9 ! lat] ye>s ( ! n9ete5?      
c5tury x 0 accompli%$ by special funds  
to :i* ev]ybody gave4 ,?us simply 0     
pov]ty =e/all$4 ,! family assi/$ soon   
came to self-support aga94 ,no debt 0   
incurr$1 & no obligation rema9$ to be   
dis*>g$2 b e memb] ( ! ,meet+ & ( !     
community felt oblig$ to give & 0 glad  
to give to ?is anti-pov]ty fund4 ,!     
basis ( x seems to h be5 respect = human
 embodim5ts ( ! ,div9e ,_s4  ,?is ideal 

( p]sonality1 div9ely indwelt1 creat$ a 
s5se ( p]sonal duty1 ev5 9 opposition to
 all m54 ,9 ! ye>s ( anti-slav]y        
agitation ,david ,iri% & 8 si/] made _! 
prote/ aga9/ slav]y by ab/a9+ z f> z    
possible f slave-made products2 & toge!r
 !y made maple1 to take ! place ( cane  
sug>1 & us$ no?+ b l95 & wool5 clo?+    
7l>gely homespun74#ae ,?is lat] ,quak]1 
possess$ ( ! _s ( ! community ( 8 fa!rs1
 %[s 8 inn] conflict ) ! ideals ( a     
competitive age 9 ! expression s f> z   
possible4 ,x 0 n z practicable 9 #ahee  
to ab/a9 f slave-made products1 z x w\ld
 h be5 9 ! ye> #agee4  ,! hospitality ( 
! neighborhood express$ ?is simple code4
 ,x 0 ! cu/om to ent]ta9 ! travel] 9 any
 h\se to :i* he might come4 ,x w\ld h   
be5 wrong to exclude him2 he 0 welcom$ )
 a dignifi$ & =mal respect by ^! old    
,fri5ds1 because ent]ta9m5t ( gue/s 9 ^?
 days 0 a vital reality1 z well z a     
religi\s practice4 ,^! settl]s 9 ! wild 
=e/s believ$ t 9 e wayf>] 0 a div9e     
voice1 a possible message f heav54 ,!y  

also treat$ e travel] z a possible      
object ( _! prea*m5ts1 & sp>$ n to      
te/ify to him ( _! peculi> beliefs &    
lead+s4 ,x 0 ! ,fri5ds' me?od (         
propagat+ _! gospel to s5d m5 & wom5 on 
j\rneys1 )\t pay1 to di/ant /ates &     
prov9ces4 ,?is religi\s t\r+ 0 n peculi>
 to !m1 b x 0 made by !m an (ficial     
ag5cy ( great p[] 9 evangeliz+ !        
,colonies4  ,z an it9]ant ,fri5d1       
,woolman1 ! anti-slav]y apo/le1 came to 
! ,hill 9 #agf-4 ,s ,paul ,osborn jo9$  
himself to a p>ty ( ,fri5ds travell+ on 
tru?'s acc\nt1 & ) !m visit$ ! ,c>ol9as1
 9 ! ye>s be=e ! ,revolution4 ,! same   
pione] left 9 8 w directions = !        
ent]ta9m5t ( su* travell]s ^u 8 e/ate   
=ev]4#af  ,?is religi\s it9]at+ 0 a "p (
 ! economic life ( ^? days z well2 = !  
,fri5ds nev] sep>at$ ! "o f ! o!r4      
,:]ev] !y w5t !y te/ifi$1 & to e place  
!y came ) %rewd appreciation ( its value
 z a place ( settlem5t4 ,says ,james    
,wood3 ,ea* ,quak] home z x 0 settl$    
became a re/+-place = ^? :o foll[$1 = x 

0 a c>d9al pr9ciple ( ,quak] hospitality
 to keep op5 h\se = all fell[-memb]s1 "u
 all circum/ances4#ag  ,! developm5t ( !
 hospitality t 0 a "p ( ! religion ( !  
,quak]s w\ld be itself a suffici5t /udy4
 ,x has furni%$ "s ( ! mo/ int]e/+      
*apt]s ( ! hi/ory ( ! ,hill4 ,x is n[   
completely trans=m$1 ?r\gh ! pressure ( 
competitive economic life2 &1 )         
undim9i%$ activities1 has become a means
 ( rev5ue 9 ! keep+ ( bo>d]s4 ,sev5 ( ! 
old ,quak] homes1 9 ! p]iod ( ! ,mix$   
,community1 took on ! aspect ( small    
hotels4 ,= ?is bus9ess ! ,quak]s h a    
prep>ation 9 _! hi/ory & traditions4 ,!y
 h an inbr$ g5ius = hospitality4 ,!y h  
also a ?rift & capacity = managem5t :i* 
h made _! ef=ts successful4 ,"o is      
impress$ 9 _! h\ses by a union (        
abundance ) economy1 impossible to      
imitate4  ,l o!r ,am]ican pione]        
neighborhoods1 ( a religi\s type1 !     
,quak] community at ,oblong _h a hi/ory 
9 ! matt] ( sexual morality4 ,!         
relations ( ! sexes (f]$ to ! ,fri5ds a 

field 9 :i* _! favorite doctr9e ( !     
indwell+ div9e _s produc$ moral h>ve/s4 
,! records ( ,oblong ,meet+ are fill$ ) 
cases ( moral discipl9e4 ,!re is sc>cely
 a meet+ 9 ^: m9utes "s case is n       
m5tion$1 ei!r its initial1 int]m$iate or
 f9al /ages4 ,no family 0 exempt f ?is  
exp]i5ce4 ,! be/ families furni%$ !     
culprits z (t5 z !y suppli$ ! committees
 to inve/igate & to condemn4  ,! regul> 
me?od ( proc$ure 9 m>riage w be/ exhibit
 ! moral /&>ds ( ! "t4 ,:5 a c\ple w\ld 
m>ry1 !y indicat$ to ! ,meet+ _!        
int5tion2 & a committee 0 at once       
appo9t$ to inve/igate _! cle>ness4 ,t   
is1 ^! two mu/ be free ( o!r engagem5ts1
 & mu/ be free ( debt or o!r incumbrance
 ( su* sort z w\ld r5d] m>riage         
impossible or unadvisable4 ,at ! next   
mon?ly meet+ ! report ( ! committee     
advanc$ ! case "o /age2 & if !y 7 f\nd  
cle> ( all o!rs1 ano!r committee 0      
appo9t$ to see t ! m>riage 0 ord]ly     
p]=m$4  ,! p>ties on ! day set appe>$   
be=e ! ,meet+1#ah & 9 its regul> c\rse1 

/ood up & said ! words ( mutual agreem5t
 :i* made !m man & wife4 ,a c]tificate 0
 us$1 & to x ! gue/s sign$ _! names4 ,b 
no m9i/] _h (ficial "p 9 ! c]emony4 ,x 0
 _! belief1 to :i* !y adh]$ ) logical   
/rictness1 t ! div9e _s 9 ea* ( ! p>ties
 to a m>riage made x sacr$1 & t 9 m>ry+ 
!y spoke ! w ( ! ,_s4  ,entire cont95ce 
0 expect$ ( e unm>ri$ p]son1 & ! /ricte/
 m>ital fai?fulness ( man & wife1       
because ( ! sacr$ness ( p]sonal life4 ,b
 9 a pione] society1 ?r\gh ^? r\gh e>ly 
decades1 :5 = long times w> 0 di/urb+ ! 
s]5ity ( social life1 ! conduct ( m5 &  
wom51 n m9dful ( propriety1 0 det]m9$ by
 ! /rong1 ma/]ful passions ( an out (   
door p4 ,besides1 ! gov]nm5t ( ! ,meet+ 
0 contr>y to ! g5]al op9ion ( !         
c\ntryside1 & ! ,meet+ ,h\se memb]s 7   
imm]s$ 9 a population ^: /&>ds 7 loos]1 
z well z sanction$ by au?orities n      
recogniz$ by ! ,meet+4 ,! result 0 t 9 !
 fir/ c5tury ( ! ,hill1 #agbh-ahbh1 !re 
7 _m in/ances ( sexual immorality1 _m   
accusations ( m>ri$ p]sons untrue to _! 

v[s1 & a result+ att5tion ( ! :ole      
community to ?is !me :i* we d n "k      
to-day4 ,frankness ( discussion ( ^!    
matt]s prevail$4 ,! puni%m5ts inflict$1 
! public confessions dem&$1 !           
condemnation ( specific & detail$ (f5ces
 read f ! /eps ( ! ,meet+ ,h\ses1 7 all 
z f> f pres5t day approval z ! (f5ces   
!mselves f mod]n exp]i5ce4 ,! writ] is  
sure t1 comp>+ ! records ( ! ,quak]     
,community ) 8 own k ( ! annals ( !     
,mix$ ,community1 !re 7 m (f5ces ( ?is  
k9d consid]$ by ! ,mon?ly ,meet+ (      
,oblong 9 any "o ye>1 #agbh-ahbh1 ?an 7 
publicly kn[n 9 a population ( ! same   
ext5t 9 ! t5 ye>s #ahij-aijj4 ,!        
commone/ ( ^! (f5ces 7 simple cases (   
illicit relations betwe5 unm>ri$ p]sons1
 or betwe5 p]sons1 "o ( :om 0 m>ri$2 !  
(f5ce (t5 be+ associat$ 9 ! m9ds ( !    
accus]s ) go+ to frollicks4 ,9 ^!1 z 9  
all cases1 ! ,meet+ receiv$ ! compla9t &
 appo9t$ a committee to inve/igate & to 
labor ) ! accus$4 ,on receiv+ its       
report1 if guilt 0 evid5c$1 ! ,meet+    

press$ ! matt]1 (t5 increas+ ! size ( ! 
committee4 ,x always dem&$ an expression
 ( rep5tance1 & ! re/oration ( "r       
conduct1 )\t :i* no satisfaction 0 to be
 _h4 ,if ! accus$ p]sons1 be+ f\nd      
guilty1 did n rep5t1 !y 7 9 ! end       
dis[n$4 ,! dis[nm5t by ! ,meet+ 0 a     
s]i\s p5alty4 ,x dim9i%$ a man's bus9ess
 opportunities1 x %ut ! door ( social   
life to him1 & x effectually =bade 8    
m>riage )9 ! ,meet+4  ,its p[] is %[n 9 
a numb] ( cases record$ 9 ! m9utes1 9   
:i* ! ban ( ! ,meet+ _h be5 laid ^u "s  
"o1 :o 0 compell$ lat] to come to !     
,meet+1 make a t>dy ackn[l$gem5t1 & be  
re/or$1 be=e he c\ld proce$ freely 9 "s 
( ! communal activities controll$ by !  
,meet+4 ,(t5 ! committee appo9t$ by !   
,meet+ report$ t !y 7 n satisfi$ ) !    
rep5tance (f]$1 see+ 9 x evid5tly m (   
policy ?an p5it5ce4 ,usually !y receiv$1
 9 lat] visitations ( ! accus$1         
suffici5t tok5s ( submission1 & ! ,meet+
 0 satisfi$2 b n always4  ,! mo/ curi\s 
in/ance ( ! work+ out ( ?is control     

ex]cis$ by ! ,meet+1 especially ov] !   
sexual relations1 is 9 ! m>riage (      
,joseph ---- ) ,elizabe? ----4 ,! fir/  
act 9 ! little drama 0 ! =mal writt5    
/atem5t ( ,joseph t he 0 sorry = hav+   
be5 famili> ) 8 wife be=e 8 m>riage to  
h]4 ,! ,mon?ly ,meet+ appo9t$ a         
committee1 z usual1 aft] mak+ record (  
?is ackn[l$gm5t4 ,aft] a mon? !         
committee report$ t !y _h visit$        
,joseph1 & f\nd 8 rep5tance s9c]e2 &    
ano!r committee 0 appo9t$ to draw up a  
te/imony aga9/ 8 =m] misconduct1 to :i* 
,joseph 0 requir$ to subscribe2 & 9 a   
lat] mon? to he> x read f ! /eps ( !    
,prep>ative ,meet+ 9 ! neighborhood :]e 
he liv$--or p]haps 9 t 9 :i* ! (f5ce 0  
be/ kn[n4 ,aft] ?is _h all be5 done1 )  
pati5t detail1 & report$ & record$1 a   
fur!r mon? elaps$1 & !n ann\ncem5t 0    
made at ! ,meet+ ( ! int5tion ( ,joseph 
& ,elizabe? to m>ry4 ,! read] is        
a/oni%$1 ?9k+ t ,joseph has already     
evid5c$ 8 loyalty to 8 wife4 ,a clos]   
re-read+ ( ! /ages ( ! incid5t %[s t !  

wife m5tion$ 9 ! orig9al (f5ce 0 n[     
dead2 b t ! (f5ce 0 n dead4 ,joseph _h  
to be re/or$ to ! ,meet+ be=e he c\ld   
m>ry ,elizabe?1 :o 0 v evid5tly a devot$
 memb]4 ,to w9 8 new wife1 he _h to make
 ackn[l$gm5t ( ! (f5ce :i* prec$$ 8 =m] 
m>riage4  ,?is incid5t illu/rates ! :ole
 attitude ( t community t[>d ^!         
moralities4 ,!y 7 ?\ght to be defilem5ts
 ( ! body1 ! temple ( ,god4 ,no *ange ( 
outw>d condition c\ld elim9ate ! (f5ce1 
:i* mu/ be wip$ out by rep5tance1 public
 ackn[l$gm5t & =mal re/oration4  ,x is  
evid5t f ! =ego+ t ! ,meet+ ma9ta9$     
control ov] ! community1 at lea/ ( its  
own memb]s1 by possess+ an effective p[]
 to approve or to disapprove ( !        
economic & ! m>ital condition ( ea*     
individual4  ,! code ( morals practic$ 9
 ?is community requir$ /rict bus9ess    
hone/y4 ,! ,quak] has moral discretion 9
 economic affairs4 ,he expects to get   
:at he pays =1 & he expects to give :at 
he has agre$4 ,! hone/y ( /roke-measure1
 by :i* bu%els are topp$ (f1 ! fai?ful  

p]=mance ( contracts & paym5t ( debts 7 
inculcat$ by ! ,meet+ & en=c$ by its    
discipl9e4  ,?is *apt] may fitly close )
 a /atem5t ( ! ana!ma ( ,quak]ism1      
pron\nc$ _m times 9 a ye>1 dur+ !       
c5tury4 ,! (f5ce select$ %all be a moral
 "o3  ,:]eas1 ,jona?an ,osgood ha? _h a 
"r ( memb]%ip among u1 ! p call$        
,quak]s1 b n tak+ he$ to ! dictates (   
tru?1 ha? s f> deviat$ f ! good ord]    
e/abli%$ among ,fri5ds z to neglect     
att5dance ( our religi\s meet+s = wor%ip
 & discipl9e1 to deviate f ! pla9       
scripture language1 & to refuse to      
settle ) 8 cr$itors1 & pay 8 j debts2 & 
ha? %ut himself up conceal$ f ! civil   
au?orities1 !re=e = ! cle>+ ( tru? & our
 ,religi\s ,society we d te/ify aga9/ 8 
misconduct1 & dis[n him1 ! said ,jona?an
 ,osgood1 f be+ any long] a memb] ( our 
,society1 until he %all f a true sight &
 s5se ( 8 misconduct condemn ! same to !
 satisfaction ( ! ,meet+4 ,:i* t he may 
is our desire = him4 ,sign$1 9 & on     
behalf ( ,pur*ase ,mon?ly ,meet+ ?is ?  

day ( ! ? mon?4  ,! above word+ except !
 "n is tak5 f ! m9utes ( ,pur*ase       
,meet+2 & "s ( ! (f5ces m5tion$ 9 a few 
pages ( ^? m9utes1 = :i* m5 7 dis[n$1 or
 = ackn[l$gm5t p>don$ & re/or$1 are !   
foll[+3 deviat+ f pla9ness ( spee* &    
app>el--n keep+ to ! pla9 scripture     
language2 go+ to ,frollicks1 go+ to     
places ( amusem5t1 att5d+ a hors]ace2   
frequ5t+ a tav]n1 be+ frequ5tly         
intoxicat$ ) /rong liquor2 plac+ 8 son  
out appr5tice ) "o n ( our ,society2    
leav+ 8 habitation 9 a mann]            
disagreeable to 8 fri5ds2 to use pr(ane 
language & c>ry a pi/ol1 9 an unbecom+  
mann]2 be>+ arms2 to *all5ge a p]son to 
fight2 to m>ry ) a fir/ c\s92 to keep   
company ) a "y woman n ( our ,society on
 acc\nt ( m>riage2 to be m>ri$ by a     
magi/rate2 to m>ry ) "o n ( our ,society
 be=e a hirel+ prie/2 to jo9 pr9ciples &
 practice ) ano!r society ( p2 to be    
guilty ( =nication2 to be un*a/e ) h] :o
 is n[ my wife 7! p]son aft]w>d m>ri$ by
 ! accus$74 ,oblong m9utes3 to h b\ght a

 negro slave1 to h b\ght a negro w5* &  
to be famili> ) h]4  ,x 0 ! op]ation (  
?is code ( morals1 & ( its ecclesia/ical
 *ecks & curbs1 t made ! ,quak] ,hill   
man & ! ,quak] ,hill s5tim5t :at !y are4
 ,& hav+ done its "w ?is code at ! la/  
t5d$ to weak5 ! ,meet+1 z x _h /r5g!n$ !
 public consci5ce4 ,9 talk+ rec5tly ) a 
sweet old lady pa/ eighty1 ,i ask$ h]1  
,did y ev] he> anyone dis[n$ 9 meet+8   
,no1 %e nev] _h1 & d\bt$ if !re _h be5  
_m4 ,lat]1 h] daught] said1 ,:y1        
,gr&mo!r1 y m>ri$ out ( meet+ y\rself6  
,:]eupon ,i ask$ aga91 ,well1 :at did !y
 d ) y !n8 ,oh1 %e repli$1 n at all     
emb>rass$1 !y turn$ me out6  ,b :at 0 ! 
outcome ( x all8 asks ,james ,wood1 9 ! 
clos+ s5t5ces ( 8 monograph1 ,! ,pur*ase
 ,meet+4 ,he cont9ues3 ,z a *ur* !      
,quak]s "h miss$ _! great opportunity4  
,z settl]s came among !m 9 increas+     
numb]s1 ! ,fri5ds became solicit\s to   
pres]ve ! /ricte/ moral obs]vance among 
_! memb]s4 ,!y )drew f contact &        
association ) ! _w ab\t !m & conf9$ _!  

religi\s influ5ce & ef=t to !mselves4 ,!
 /ricte/ wat* 0 ma9ta9$ ov] ! deportm5t 
( old & "y4 ,memb]s 7 dismiss$ =        
comp>atively slight (f5ces4 ,immigration
 fur!r r$uc$ _! numb]s4 ,hyp]criticism  
produc$ disagreem5ts among !mselves4    
,f9ally1 doctr9al diff]5ces arose :i*   
result$ 9 a disa/r\s sep>ation into two 
bodies 9 #ahbh4   #aa ,francis ,b4      
,gumm]e ( ,hav]=d college says ( ,george
 ,fox1 ! f\nd] ( ! ,society ( ,fri5ds3  
,! c5tral po9t ( 8 doctr9e is ! direct  
responsibility ( ea* s\l to ,god1 )\t   
m$iation ( prie/ or =m1 because ( !     
pres5ce ( ! ,holy ,_s 9 ! he>t ( e human
 be+4 ,johnson's ,univ]sal ,cyclop$ia1  
#ahid4  ,! foll[+ is au?oritative = !   
,society3 ,we believe 9 no pr9ciple (   
life1 light or hol9ess1 b ! influ5ce ( !
 ,holy ,_s ( ,god1 be/[$ on mank9d1 9   
v>i\s measures & degrees1 ?r\gh ,jesus  
,*ri/ our ,"l4 ,x is ! capacity to      
receive ?is bless$ influ5ce1 :i*1 9 an  
especial mann]1 gives man pre-em95ce    
above ! bea/s t p]i%2 :i* di/+ui%es him1

 9 e nation & 9 e clime1 z an object ( !
 r$eem+ love ( ,god2 z a be+ n only     
intellig5t b responsible2444--,a        
,decl>ation ( ,"s ( ! ,fundam5tal       
,doctr9es ( ,*ri/ian ,tru?1 z held by ! 
,religi\s ,society ( ,fri5ds4  #ab ,mr4 
,james ,wood1 9 an address at ,quak]    
,hill ,conf]5ce1 #aijg4  #ac ,david     
,iri%1 ,a ,memoir1 by ,mrs4 ,phoebe ,t4 
,wanz]4  #ad ,ri*>d ,osborn1 a          
,rem9isc5ce1 by ,m>g>et ,b4 ,monahan4   
#ae ,david ,iri%1 ,a ,memoir1 by ,mrs4  
,phoebe ,t4 ,wanz]4  #af ,to fri5ds     
travell+ on tru?'s acc\nt ! doors ( !   
old h\se always swung wide4 ,paul       
,osborn kept op5 h\se = 8 fri5ds1 ! p   
call$ ,quak]s1 dur+ 8 lifetime1 & 8 w   
provides 9 ! mo/ m9ute & c>eful mann] = 
8 wife ! bett] to qualifye h] to keep a 
h\se ( ent]ta9m5t = fri5ds4 444 ,!      
littel mead[ 9 lot #bi he gave to ,isaac
 ,osborn1 t he %all keep well all horses
 ( fri5ds my wife %all s5d him2 & %\ld  
,isaac neglect ! injunctions h]e9       
enjo9$1 & cease to keep su* h\se (      

ent]ta9m5t = fri5ds !n 8 "r to c]ta9    
legacies %all desc5d & revolve to !m1   
him or h] t %all truly fulfill !m4 ,all 
8 l&s 9 ! latt] case ,paul gives to !   
,ye>ly ,meet+ = ,fri5ds1 ! p call$      
,quak]s1 ( ,philadelphia4--,ri*>d       
,osborn1 a ,rem9isc5ce1 by ,m>g>et ,b4  
,monahan4  #ag ,! ,bi-,c5t5nial ( ! ,new
 ,york ,ye>ly ,meet+1 ,an ,hi/orical    
,sket*1 by ,james ,wood1 #ahie4  #ah ,x 
0 ,w$nesday1 ! day ( ! regul> mid-week  
meet+1 & ! h\se 0 cr[d$4 ,! "y p took _!
 places ^u ! fac+ seats1 & ! meet+      
began4 ,daniel ,havil& 0 m9i/] & he     
spoke at l5g?4 ,!n1 aft] a %ort pause1  
,ri*>d ,osborn & ,roby ,hoag arose1 &   
clasp+ h&s1 spoke alt]nately ! solemn   
s5t5ces ( ! ,fri5ds' m>riage c]emony1   
:i* h unit$ !m = sixty ye>s4 ,!n 0      
br\ght =? ! m>riage c]tificate1 fairly  
engross$ 9 ! bridegroom's own h&1 & _m  
names ( ^? pres5t 7 affix$1 aft] :i* x 0
 read al\d4 ,?is be+ done1 & k9dly      
greet+s (f]$1 ,ri*>d & ,roby ,osborn    
drove back to _! home4 ,! w$d+ 0 well   

furni%$ ) gue/s1 & f\r fat turkeys grac$
 ! bo>d t day4--,ri*>d ,osborn1 a       
,rem9isc5ce1 by ,m>g>et ,b4 ,monahan4   
,quak] ,hill ,s]ies4     ,,*apt] ,,viii4
  ,,! ,,tol]ation ,,( ,,ho/ile ,,=ces4  
,quak] ,hill has be5 always a place (   
peace4 ,! e>lie/ settl]s came to make an
 asylum = ! propagation ( ! pr9ciples ( 
peace4 ,i h spok5 else:]e ( _! consi/5t 
belief & practice ( ?is pr9ciple4  ,!   
community always act$ promptly 9        
response to ! kn[n injury ( its memb]s4 
,! ,quak]s h a ,meet+ ( ,suff]+s1 at :i*
 are relat$ & record$ ! p]secutions f   
:i* !y suff]4 ,?is community1 :i* = "o  
hundr$ ye>s 0 ,quak]1 has always be5    
prompt to act solidly & judici\sly 9    
support ( ! injur$4 ,an illu/ration is !
 riot 9 opposition to ,surgeon ,fallon1 
:o 9 ,janu>y1 #aggi1 0 left "h )        
convalesc5t soldi]s 9 ! ,meet+ ,h\se4 ,x
 is v int]e/+ z %[+ ! l5g? to :i* m5 w g
 9 ! int]e/ ( peace1 ev5 to ! use (     
viol5ce4 ,x illu/rates also ! fact t    
k9dness to ! sick & w\nd$1 simply       

because !y are helpless & ne$y1 is      
mod]n1 a humanit>ian n a dogmatic       
developm5t4  ,to sup]ior p[] ! ,quak]s (
 ?is place h always submitt$4 ,_!       
=efa!rs 7 loyali/s 9 ,engl&1 & !y 9     
,am]ica1 till f> into ! ,revolution4 ,b 
see ! resolutions pass$ 9 ,april1 #aggh3
  ,! answ]+ ( ! #ad? ,qu]y ,respect+ !  
,defraud+ ( ! ,k+ ( 8 dues is omitt$ by 
reason ( ! ,difficulty ( ! times !re=e  
?is meet+ desires ! ,qu>t]ly meet+ to   
,consid] :e!r x w\ld n be well to omit !
 answ]+ t "p ( ! ,qu]y 9 future until ! 
way may appe> m ,cle>4 ,?is action 0    
tak5 by ! meet+ five mon?s be=e ! com+ (
 ,wa%+ton to ! ,hill1 imm$iately aft] ! 
h]oic w9t] ( ,valley ,=ge & j be=e !    
,briti% retreat$ f ,philadelphia4 ,an   
(ficial body :i* c\ld speak ( dues to ! 
k+ at t "t1 aft] _! c\ntry _h be5       
sep>at$ f him = ?ree ye>s1 surely       
repres5t$ a community 9 :i* ! great     
majority 7 ,loyali/s1 & ! disord]ly &   
viol5t 7 ,tories4  ,b ! non-resi/ant "* 
( ! neighborhood1 p]*$ betwe5 !         

,connecticut ,yankees1 :o took ard5t    
int]e/ 9 ! ,revolution1 & ! aggressive  
settlem5ts ( ,pawl+1 ,fr$]icksburgh &   
,beekman1 r5d]$ ! ,hill at times an     
asylum1 /range to say1 ( ! mo/ adv5tur\s
 =ces4 ,:5ev] 9 ,colonial days an       
adv5tur] or soldi] s\ght a peaceful     
region 9 :i* to recruit 8 =ces1 he ?\ght
 ^u ,quak] ,hill2 & 9 f\r memorable     
in/ances us$ ! ,hill z a place ( safe   
refuge4 ,!re no "o w\ld by =ce resi/ 8  
enjoym5t ( a "t = recruit+4  ,! fir/    
in/ance ( ?is is ! s-call$ ,anti-,r5t   
,w>1 :i* 9 #agff excit$ ! inhabitants ( 
,dut*ess & ,columbia ,c\nties4 ,its     
s\rces 7 9 ! l& grants made by ! ,cr[n1 
& 9 ! indep5d5t "* ( ! settl]s 9 ?is    
/ate4 ,! s]ies ( di/urbances s caus$    
cont9u$ until well into ! ye>s ( !      
n9ete5? c5tury4 ,!y conc]n ! local      
hi/ory only 9 "o ye>1 #agff4  ,!        
,anti-,r5t ,w> ( #agff is a =gott5 ev5t4
 ,b 9 t "t x ar\s$ ! ,indians & ! :ite  
settl]s to revolt4 ,bodies ( arm$ m5    
assembl$1 ,briti% troop]s m>*$ f        

,p\ghkeepsie to ,quak] ,hill1 to seize a
 lead] ( rebellion2 & at ! "t ( 8 trial 
at ,p\ghkeepsie 9 ,augu/1 #agff1 a      
company ( regul>s ) ?ree field-pieces 0 
br\ght up f ,new ,york4#ai  ,! prime    
cause ( ?is insurrection 0 ! grant+ ( ! 
l& 9 great areas at ! beg9n+ ( ! c5tury 
to favor$ proprietors1 s t ! actual     
settl]s c\ld n become own]s b only      
t5ants4 ,fragm5ts ( su* great e/ates    
rema9 9 ! h&s ( c]ta9 families till our 
"t4 ,! own]%ip ( ,hamm]sley ,lake by !  
family ( t "n is an example4 ,! ex]cise 
( au?ority by ^! monopoli/s ( natural   
opportunities drove ! actual till]s ( ! 
soil1 :o _h giv5 x its value1 to        
desp]ation4 ,i h %[n t 9 #agdj no l&    
own]s 7 enroll$ on ,quak] ,hill1 & t !  
li/ ( its mo/ repres5tative citiz5s 9   
#agee conta9$ few l&[n]s4#bj ,a fur!r   
cause ( ?is conflict may h be5 t1 9 !   
ye> ( ! settlem5t ( ! b\nd>ies ( !      
,oblong x 0 grant$ to "o company by !   
,briti% ,cr[n1 & to ano!r by ! ,colony (
 ,new ,york4 ,?is br\ght ! title ( all !

 l&s on ! ,oblong into dispute4         
,moreov]1 b\nd>ies 7 c>elessly indicat$ 
& loosely describ$1 a pile ( /ones or a 
conspicu\s tree s]v+ = a l&m>k4 ,all ?is
 work$ great confusion1 = ! settlem5t ( 
:i* 9 a crude community c\rts 7         
ineffective4  ,f9ally ! popul> discont5t
 broke out to ! nor? 9 arm$ refusal (   
settl]s to pay ! r5ts exact$4 ,! movem5t
 spread f ,dut*ess to ,columbia ,c\nty4 
,william ,pr5d]ga/1 :o is said to h liv$
 9 a h\se /&+ on ! gr\nd n[ "p ( ! golf 
l9ks 9 ,pawl+1 0 ! lead] ( ! insurg5ts 9
 ?is c\nty4 ,he assembl$ a b& on ,quak] 
,hill s =midable t ! gr5adi]s at        
,p\ghkeepsie wait$ = re9=cem5ts ( two   
hundr$ troop]s & two field pieces f ,new
 ,york be=e proce$+ aga9/ him4 ,! sight 
( ! r$ coats 0 en\gh4 ,pr5d]ga/         
surr5d]$4 ,b s great 0 ! local excitem5t
 t1 to =e/all an attempt to rescue1 he 0
 tak5 a prison] to ,new ,york4 ,9 ,july 
he 0 br\ght back = trial2 & on ! same   
boat ) ! ,k+'s c\nsel1 judges1 lawy]s & 
prison] came a company ( soldi]s to put 

d[n ! cont9u$ di/urbance 9 ,columbia    
,c\nty4#ba  ,! trial occurr$ ! fir/     
=tnight ( ,augu/4 ,pr5d]ga/ 0 assi/$ 9 8
 def5se by 8 wife1 :o made a /rong      
impression on ! jury1 prov+ t h] husb&1 
be=e ! acts ( :i* he 0 accus$1 0 e/eem$ 
a sob]1 hone/ & indu/ri\s f>m]1 mu*     
belov$ by 8 neighbors1 b /irr$ up to act
 z he did by "o ,munro1 :o is abscond$4 
,s ard5t 0 ?is woman advocate t !       
,/ate's attorney =got himself & mov$ t  
%e be exclud$ f ! c\rt room4 ,! motion 0
 d5i$1 & ! mov] ( x emphatically rebuk$4
 ,b !re 0 n lack+ pro( ( ! fact (       
treason1 & ,pr5d]ga/ 0 convict$ & s5t5c$
 to be hang$ 9 six weeks4 ,!n ?is       
valiant woman's en]gy & p]sev]ance rose 
to _! highe/4 ,%e set (f = an audi5ce ) 
! ,gov]nor1 ,sir ,h5ry ,moore1 ,b>t41 & 
return$ ab\t ! fir/ ( ,septemb] ) a     
reprieve4 ,j 9 "t %e arriv$1 = a company
 ( fifty m\nt$ m5 _h ridd5 ! :ole l5g? (
 ! c\nty to rescue h] husb& f ! jail4   
,%e conv9c$ !m ( ! folly ( su* action z 
!y propos$1 & s5t !m home1 :ile %e turn$

 to ! task ( obta9+ a p>don f ! ,k+4    
,"h1 too1 %e 0 successful2 =1 six mon?s 
lat]1 ,george ,,iii1 :o requir$ six ye>s
 to be subdu$ by a ,wa%+ton1 releas$ h] 
husb&4 ,!y arriv$ home amid great popul>
 rejoic+s4  ,william ,pr5d]ga/ &        
,mehitabel ,w+1 ^: desc5dants settl$    
lat] ab\t ,*autauqua ,lake1 ,new ,york1 
7 b\nd to ! ,quak] ,community by ties ( 
m>riage & ( trade4 ,william 0 n1 s f> z 
,i c le>n1 a memb] ( ! ,meet+2 b        
,mehitabel 0 a daught] ( ,j$idiah ,w+1  
^: family 0 devot$ to ! ,society f #agdd
 until ! lay+ d[n ( ! ,meet+ 9 #ahhe4   
,william ,pr5d]ga/ 01 h[ev]1 a memb] ( !
 community4 ,8 "n heads an acc\nt 9 !   
l$g]s ( ! ,m]ritt /ore1 9 #agga & #aggb1
 & 8 pur*ases indicate t he 0 a         
sub/antial f>m] ^: trad+ c5t] 0 ,quak]  
,hill4#bb ,pr5d]ga/ 0 an ,iri%man4      
,be=e ! ,revolution he ) 8 family &     
possessions1 a c>avan ( sev5te5 vehicles
 & ?irty horses1 emigrat$ we/w>d1 go+ z 
f> s\? z ,k5tucky1 !n nor? ?r\gh ,ohio &
 ,new ,york4 ,a "p ( ! family company   

proce$$ to ,canada4 ,8 son ,james       
settl$1 ) o!r ,pr5d]ga/s1 on ,*autauqua 
,lake1 & became ! f\nd] ( ,jame/[n1 :]e 
8 family1 n[ ext9ct !re1 has giv5 ! city
 a libr>y4 ,:5 ,william ,pr5d]ga/ &     
,mehitabel ,w+1 8 resolute wife1 di$1 is
 n kn[n4 ,none ( t "n is lat] f\nd on or
 ne> ,quak] ,hill4  ,! motive ( _!      
hegira appe>s to h be5 *agr9 & a s5se ( 
humiliation at ! s5t5ce ( dea? pron\nc$ 
^u ! head ( ! family4 ,9 ! ,pr5d]ga/    
,libr>y at ,jame/[n is a book conta9+   
family hi/ories1 :i* came f ! ,pr5d]ga/ 
private libr>y4 ,f ?is book two pages _h
 be5 cleanly cut away4 ,! ,libr>ians set
 !mselves to replace ! lo/ mat]ial1 &   
aft] pati5t ef=ts 9 _m qu>t]s1 discov]$ 
ano!r copy1 & _h typewritt5 pages made &
 pa/$ 94 ,^u ! miss+ pages1 ?us replac$ 
aft] ! ext9ction ( ,james ,pr5d]ga/'s   
family1 0 f\nd ! acc\nt ( ,william      
,pr5d]ga/'s s5t5ce to be hang$4 ,8      
desc5dants1 _h !y liv$ long]1 might h   
be5 m pr\d ?an a%am$ ( 8 rebellion aga9/
 inju/ice4  ,! ,quak]s1 because !y w\ld 

passively tol]ate an intrusion1 7 =c$ to
 h>bor ano!r r5dezv\s ( turbul5t m54 ,x 
is said t ,eno* ,crosby1 ! fam\s spy ( !
 ,revolution1 :o is believ$ to h be5    
,coop]'s model = ! h]o ( ! novel1 ,!    
,spy1 came to ,quak] ,hill dur+ !       
,revolution1 9 pursuance ( a plan he 0  
at t "t foll[+1 & got toge!r a b& (     
,tory volunte]s1 :o 7 plann+ to jo9 !   
,briti% army2 & deliv]$ !m to !         
,cont95tal au?orities1 z prison]s4 ,9   
?is he 0 assi/$ by ,col4 ,mooreh\se1 :o 
kept a tav]n on a site 9 ,s\? ,dov]1    
opposite ! brick h\se :i* n[ /&s "o-half
 mile s\? ( ! ,me?odi/ ,*ur*4           
,illu/ration3 ,,int]ior ,,( ,,oblong    
,,meet+ ,,h\se  ,on ! fac+ seats are3   
,,olive ,,hoag1 ,,roby ,,osborn1 ,,betsy
 ,,po/1 ,,ri*>d ,,osborn1 ,,john ,l4    
,,word5   ,i h spok5 above ( ! sull5    
loyalty ( ! ,quak]s to ! ,briti% ,cr[n  
dur+ ! ,revolution4 ,x may h be5 9 "p   
ow+ to _! loyalty t _! neighborhood     
became m cong5ial = ! ,tories :o dur+ t 
p]iod h>ri$ ! c\ntry-side4 ,! ,quak]s 7 

,tories1 & are s call$ 9 ! lett]s ( !   
p]iod2 b ! ^w ,tories rema9s 9 ! spee* (
 ,quak] ,hill z a "n ( opprobrium4 ,x   
describes a species ( gu]rillas :o      
infe/$ p>ts ( ,new ,york & ,connecticut4
  ,! ,tories ( ! ,revolution>y days     
furni% ! sub/ance ( ! /ories ( viol5ce t
 are told ab\t ! fireside to ,quak]     
,hill boys & girls4 ,x is difficult1    
h[ev]1 to p]suade ^? :o h he>d ^! tales 
to relate !m4 ,^? :o "k !m be/ are ! v  
ones :o _c recall !m 9 sy/ematic or     
ord]ly =m4 ,i m5tion only "o m ( ! free 
lances ( ! "t4 ,! *iefe/ ( all          
b&it-lead]s ( ^? turbul5t times 0 ,waite
 ,vaughn4 ,x is relat$ t ?is fell[ 0 !  
head ( a b& ( ,tories1 :i* means locally
 ! same t ! t]m ,c[boys or ,sk9n]s means
 9 ! hi/ory ( ,we/*e/] ,c\nty4 ,! latt] 
7 lawless b&s :o infe/$ ! regions 9 :i* 
! armies made civil life insecure1 &    
subsi/$ by /eal+ cattle1 plund]+ h\ses1 
robb+ & (t5 murd]+ citiz5s4 ,!y seem$1  
says a writ]1 l ! savages to enjoy !    
sight ( ! suff]+s !y inflict$4 ,(t5times

 !y left _! wret*$ victims f :om !y _h  
plund]$ _! all1 hung up by _! arms1 &   
sometimes by _! ?umbs1 on b>ndoors1     
endur+ ! agony ( w\nds t _h be5 inflict$
 to wre/ f !m _! prop]ty4 ,^! mis]able  
be+s 7 frequ5tly reliev$ by ! ,am]ican  
patrol4#bc ,waite ,vaughn liv$ 9        
,connecticut 9 ! "p ( ,new ,fairfield   
kn[n z ,vaughn's ,neck4 ,"u ! h\se1     
rec5tly demoli%$1 9 :i* ,dr4 ,vaughn1 8 
bro!r1 is said to h liv$ dur+ !         
,revolution1 0 f\nd rott$ l95 bel[ !    
cell> floor4 ,beh9d ! great heap ( !    
*imney also 0 f\nd a secret cell>1 =    
ye>s =gott51 9 :i*1 among o!r rubbi% (  
no significance1 are said to h be5 f\nd 
c\nt]feit co9s ( ! ,revolution>y p]iod &
 o!r evid5ces ( outlaw practices 9 t    
"t4#bd  ,vaughn us$ to ride at night ) 8
 troop to ,quak] ,hill1 ?r\gh           
,connecticut neighborhoods1 :i* knew !  
s\nd ( 8 pass+4 ,! ,pepp] family /ill   
relate ! tradition ( 8 rid+ up ,/ony    
,hill1 pa/ ! po9t :]e /&s ,coburn ,meet+
 ,h\se1 9 ! night1 :ile !y & _!         

neighbors /ay$ discreetly indoors4 ,?is 
r5dezv\s 0 a place 9 ! woods on ,iri%   
l&1 ab\t half way betwe5 ,sites #if &   
#abj1 n[ kn[n z ,! ,robb] ,rocks4 ,"h ! 
,vaughns are said to h conceal$ booty at
 times1 & f ?is po9t !y made =ages ^u   
f>mh\ses 9 ! ri*e/ neighborhoods ( ?is  
vic9ity4 ,probably !y sp>$ ! ,quak]s4 ,i
 w speak lat] ( ! fact t ,quak]s h ways 
( _! own = protect+ !mselves aga9/      
intrud]s4 ,moreov]1 _! m5 7 n gone to ! 
w>4  ,! record ( ^! ye>s1 on ! pages ( !
 cl]k's m9ute-book1 are a disappo9tm5t4 
,"o se>*es 9 va9 = ev5 ! slighte/ trace 
( ! pres5ce 9 ! ,meet+ ,h\se ( ! troops4
 ,!re is no record ( ! pres5ce 9 !      
,meet+ ,h\se ( ! ,tories or gu]rillas ( 
! ,revolution2 & n a ^w ab\t ! mak]s ( !
 rifle-ports 9 ! gables ( ?is build+ :i*
 ! pres5t writ] discov]$ !re1 unless x  
be ! unruffl$ & s]5e utt]ance1 "u date (
 #h? ,mon?1 #i?1 #agha1 ! v p]iod at :i*
 ! ,tories mu/ h be5 at _! wor/3 ,samuel
 ,hoag is appo9t$ to take c>e ( ! ,meet+
 ,h\se1 & to keep ! door lock$ & w9d[s  

fa/5$1 & to nail up ! hole t goes up    
into ! ,g>ratt4 ,! ,tories robb$ ! /ore 
on ,site #bh4 ,!y _h hidd5 = t purpose 9
 ! l(t ( ! ,meet+ ,h\se & 7 discov]$ by 
"s "y ,quak]s :o 7 skyl>k+ 9 ! ,meet+   
,h\se "u pret5se ( clean+ x4 ,! /ory is 
t "o ( ! "y m51 be+ d>$--( c\rse by a   
maid5--to op5 ! trap-door into ! g>ret1 
& look = ! ,tories1 f\nd !m hid+ !re4 ,!
 b&its1 be+ discov]$1 tumbl$ d[n ! hole 
f ! g>ret1 & compell$ _! discov]]s to g 
) !m to ! /ore2 & proce$$ at once to    
plund] x1 rely+ no d\bt on !            
non-resi/ant "* ( ! p ( ! ,hill4 ,!y    
/ack$ _! arms at ! door & w5t ab\t _!   
bus9ess 9 a ?or\gh mann]4 ,b !re 0 t 9 !
 blood ( "s ,quak]s !re t c\ld n conta9 
itself )9 ! b\nds ( non-resi/ance1 & "o 
( !m1 ,b5jam9 ,f]ris1 cri$ out1 ,seize !
 rascals4 ,9 ! scrimmage t result$ f !  
excitem5t ( ?is rem>k1 ! lead] ( !      
,tories 0 recogniz$ by ! "y lady :o _h  
by h] *all5ge to ! "y man discov]$ !m1 &
 be+ taunt$ by h] 0 s inc5s$ t he /abb$ 
h]4 ,x is only said 9 clos+ ! /ory t !  

blood ( bo? ! fair & adv5tur\s "y       
,quak]ess ^: ab\nd+ _s br\ght on all !  
tr\ble1 & t ( ! lead] ( ! ,tories1 fl[s 
9 ! ve9s1 ( "s :o live on ! ,hill 9 !   
tw5tie? c5tury4  ,samuel ,t[n]1 a       
relative ( ,vaughn1 resid5t 9 ! region (
 ,fr$]icksburgh 7n[ ,patt]son71 return+ 
f a trip1 once f\nd ,vaughn at 8 home1 &
 urg$ him at once to leave1 z 8 prop]ty 
w\ld be confiscat$1 if ,vaughn's pres5ce
 !re 7 tol]at$4  ,vaughn 0 once pursu$  
by f>m]s ne> ,little ,re/1 & 0 sight$ & 
surr\nd$ 9 a lonely road4 ,he turn$ ^u 8
 pursu]s coolly & said3 ,n[1 g5tlem51 y 
c arre/ me1 or kill me1 b y mu/ take !  
consequ5ces2 = ,i w kill "s ( y4 ,daunt$
 by 8 resolution1 !y /ood motionless    
:ile he cross$ a f5ce & a field1 &      
disappe>$ among ! trees ( a wood$ hill4 
,quak] ,hill became kn[n z ,vaughn's    
r5dezv\s1 & "h he met 8 end1 ,i ?9k ab\t
 #agha4 ,8 b& _h robb$ ! home ( "o ( !  
,pe>ce family1 !n z n[ resid5t 9 !      
valley :]e ,pawl+ village /&s4 ,! victim
 0 hung up by 8 ?umbs till life 0 almo/ 

ext9ct4 ,! next day1 ,capt4 ,pe>ce1 ( ! 
,revolution>y army1 return$ unexpect$ly 
to 8 home1 & set (f ) arm$ assi/ance = !
 ,robb] ,rocks on ,quak] ,hill4 ,ne> t  
spot1 9 ! fields ea/ ( ,site #ig1 on !  
,w+ l&s1 ,vaughn & 8 m5 7 re/+1 "s pick+
 huckleb]ries1 & "s play+ c>ds on a flat
 /one4 ,pe>ce gave no w>n+1 b op5$ fire 
at once4 ,vaughn fell mortally w\nd$4   
,he 0 c>ri$ to ,john ,t(fey's resid5ce1 
,site #ec1 :]e he soon di$4 ,he is buri$
 "u ! trees outside ! ,t(fey ,bury+     
,gr\nd1 beside ! brook1 9 ! v he>t (    
,quak] ,hill1 into :i* he _h intrud$    
because 9 t peaceful neighborhood he _h 
= a "t a safe asylum4 ,) 8 dea? x is    
believ$ t 8 b& disp]s$1 & _! depr$ations
 ceas$4  ,a peaceful p l ! ,quak]s mu/  
f9d means ( _! own to protect !mselves  
aga9/ intrud]s4 ,no "o c live long on   
,quak] ,hill )\t kn[+ t !y h done s4 ,"o
 may brusquely intrude once1 b he w be a
 viol5t man inde$1 n to say a dull "o1  
:o cont9ues to enjoy invad+ ! pres]ves (
 ! ,fri5ds4 ,! f\r? in/ance ( a =cible  

invasion ( ! ,hill 0 t ( ,wa%+ton's     
army1 :i* encamp$ 9 ! vic9ity 9 ! fall (
 #aggh1 ! ,headqu>t]s be+ 9 ,john       
,kane's h\se1 on a site n[ )9 ! bord]s (
 ,pawl+ ,village4 ,see on ,map ,i1      
,head,qrs4  ,on 8 arrival1 ,septemb]    
#ai1 #aggh1 ,wa%+ton1#be ) 8 bodygu>d1 0
 ent]ta9$ = six days at ! home ( ,re$   
,f]ris1 9 ! ,oblong1 ,site #ii1bf an    
honor$ gue/1 :5 he mov$ to ! place      
designat$ z 8 ,headqu>t]s on 8 maps by  
,ersk9e4 ,8 lett]s writt5 dur+ 8        
resid5ce "h are all dat$ f              
,fr$]icksburgh1 ! "n at t "t ( ! we/]n &
 old] "p ( ! t[n ( ,patt]son4 ,wa%+ton's
 g5]al (fic]s 7 qu>t]$ 9 ! homes ( v>i\s
 resid5ts ( ! neighborhood4 ,"o 0 s     
ent]ta9$ by ,?omas ,tab]1 at ! extreme  
nor? end ( ! ,hill4 ,x is natural to    
suppose t o!rs 7 h\s$ 9 ne>] places4 ,t 
,lafayette 0 ent]ta9$ at ! home (       
,russell1 :o liv$ at ,site #be1 n[ !    
,po/-(fice1 is reliably ass]t$4 ,! brick
 h\se /&+ at t "t 0 torn d[n by ,ri*>d  
,osborn1 :o erect$ ! pres5t h\se4 ,t    

,wa%+ton1 ) o!r (fic]s1 0 ent]ta9$ at   
,re$ ,f]ris's home is ass]t$ by !       
desc5dants mo/ int]e/$1 & is und\bt$ly  
true4  ,! ,meet+ ,h\se 0 appropriat$ by 
! army (fic]s = a hospital1 because x 0 
! l>ge/ available build+4 ,! only       
(ficial record1 says ,mr4 ,l4 ,s4       
,patrick1 is t ( ,wa%+ton's ord]1 ,oct4 
#bj?1 ,no m sick to be s5t to !         
,hospital at ,quak] ,hill1 )\t fir/     
inquir+ ( ! ,*ief ,surgeon !re :e!r !y c
 be receiv$1 z x is already full4 ,argu+
 f ! date ( ,wa%+ton's ord] above1 ,oct4
 #bj1 & f t ( ,surgeon ,fallon bel[1 ?is
 use ( ! build+ = a hospital cont9u$    
?ree & p]haps five mon?s4 ,meantime !   
,fri5ds' ,meet+s 7 held 9 ! b>n at ,site
 #ba1 !n ! resid5ce ( ,paul ,osborn4    
,?is b>n _h be5 ! fir/ ,meet+ ,h\se     
erect$ on ! ,hill 9 #agdb4 ,x 0 remov$  
to ,site #ba 9 #agfi1 :5 x 0 us$ z a b>n
 till #ahhd1 :5 x 0 remov$ by ! pres5t  
resid5t4#bg  ,!re is no m5tion1 ev5 by  
inf]5ce1 9 ! records ( ,oblong ,meet+ t 
proves ?is occupation ( _! build+ by    

soldi]s4 ,x 0 n volunt>ily surr5d]$2 o!r
 records %[ t ! use ( ! build+ 0        
support$ by =ce2 its surr5d] 0 grudg+1 n
 a matt] to be record$ 9 ! ,meet+4 ,x is
 *>act]i/ic ( ! ,fri5ds t !y ignor$ x4  
,?is tol]ation ( ! ,hospital 0 nev]     
sympa!tic4 ,a lett] ( great int]e/ to ! 
/ud5t ( ^? times 0 writt5 to ! ,gov]nor 
( ! ,/ate ( ,new ,york1 ,hon4 ,george   
,cl9ton1#bh by ,dr4 ,james ,fallon1     
physician 9 *>ge ( ! sick :i* 7 left on 
,quak] ,hill1 9 ! ,meet+ ,h\se1 aft] !  
dep>ture ( ! ,cont95tal army4 ,he c\ld  
get no "o to draw wood = 8 hospital 9 ! 
dead ( w9t]1 till f9ally old ,mr4       
,russell1 an excell5t & op5 ,:ig1 ?o' a 
,quak]1 hir$ him a wagon & ox team4 ,he 
c\ld buy no milk )\t pay+ 9 ,cont95tal  
money1 six = "o4 ,he decl>$ t ,old      
,f]ris1 ! ,quak]1 pulpite] ( ?is place1 
old ,russell & 8 son1 old ,mr4 ,*ace & 8
 family1 & ,?omas ,wor? & 8 family1 are 
! only ,quak]s on or ab\t ?is ,hill1 !  
public /&s indebt$ to4 ,! two pione]s ( 
! ,hill1 ! prea*] & ! build]1 7 patriots

 z well4 ,he d5\nces ! re/ z ,tories    
all1 ! ,m]i?s1 ,ak9s1 ,w+s1 ,kellys1    
,samuel ,walk]1 ! s*oolma/]1 & ,samuel  
,d[n+1 :om he decl>$ a spuri\s ,quak] & 
ag5t ( ! enemy2 also ! prea*]1 ,lanca/]1
 ! ,wid[ ,iri%2 & _m he call$           
half-,quak]s1 :o 7 probably m zeal\s1 & 
c]ta9ly m viol5t = ,quak] & ,tory       
pr9ciples ?an ! ,quak]s !mselves4  ,!   
tr\ble culm9at$ 9 ,dr4 ,fallon's        
impress+ ! wagons ( ,w+1 ,kelly & ! wid[
 ,iri%1 to take f\rte5 m5 to ,danbury & 
,fi%kill to save _! lives4 ,! =m]       
impress 0 n resi/$2 b ! soldi]s :o took 
! ,iri% team _h to battle ) a mob1 head$
 by ,abraham ,w+ & ,b5jam9 ,ak91 :o us$ 
! convalesc5t soldi]s r\ghly1 b c\ld n  
prev5t ! seizure4 ,!y 7 n ! fir/ m5 to d
 viol5ce = ! sake ( ! pr9ciple (        
non-resi/ance4 ,"o c see1 too1 t mod]n  
,quak]ism has tak5 a g5tl] tone4  ,!    
small viol5ce done by ,abraham ,w+ &    
,b5jam9 ,ak91 l t ( "y ,f]riss to prev5t
 ! robb]y ( ! ,m]ritt /ore1 0           
ineffective4 ,b ! ,quak] mode (         

self-protection 0 m effective ?an       
viol5ce4 ,!y froze out ! doctors & _!   
soldi]s f ! ,meet+ ,h\se1 by leav+ !m   
alone 9 ! bitt] w9t]1 by lett+ !m />ve4 
,! bitt]ness ( _! ,toryism1 & ! zeal (  
,quak] ideals1 ! ardor ( _!             
make-believe1 c>ri$ !m too f>4 ,!y =got 
m]cy = ! sake ( oppos+ ! cruelty ( w>4  
,among ! soldi]s :o lay sick 9 ! ,meet+ 
,h\se _m are said to h di$4 ,!y 7 buri$ 
9 ! gr\nds ( ! resid5t on ,site #cb1 9 !
 ea/]ly portion ( ! field fac+ ! ,meet+ 
,h\se4 ,no /ones m>k _! place ( re/1 z  
none 7 ev] plac$ 9 ! cemet]y ( ! e>ly   
,quak]s 9 ! we/]n "p ( ! same field4    
,ov] !m bo? ! horses ( p]sons att5d+    
meet+ 7 te!r$ = _m decades4 ,! pl\ghman 
& ! m[] = ye>s trav]s$ ! gr\nd4 ,b x is 
n =gott5 :o 7 buri$ !re4  ,says ,l4 ,s4 
,patrick 9 8 attempt to e/imate ! am\nt 
( sickness & dea? ( soldi]s on ! hill t 
w9t]3#bi ,( ! conditions exi/+1 !       
prejudices prevail+1 & ! probable numb] 
9 ! ,hospital1 ,dr4 ,fallon's lett] to  
,gov]nor ,cl9ton furni%es ! only acc\nt 

kn[n to exi/3 ',out ( ! #ajj sick1      
,provid5ce took b ?ree ( my p (f s9ce my
 arrival4' ,on ! occasion ( ! arrival ( 
,col4 ,palfrey1 ! ,payma/] ,g5]al1 at   
,bo/on f ,fr$]icksburgh1 ,g5]al ,gates  
writes to ,g5]al ,sullivan3 ',i am %ock$
 at our poor fell[s be+ /ill encamp$1 & 
fall+ sick by ! hundr$s4'  ,! dea?      
li/--out ( ! oblivion ( ! pa/ b f\r     
names h be5 f\nd--,john ,morgan1 ,capt4 
,james ,gre]'s ,co41 di$ at ,quak] ,hill
 ,hospital1 ,oct4 #ai1 #aggg7872 ,alex&]
 ,rob]t1 ,capt4 ,george ,calh\n's ,co41 
#d? ,pa41 ,nov4 #f1 #aggh2 ,james ,try]1
 ,capt4 ,james ,lang's ,co41 #e? ,pa41  
,oct4 #bb1 #aggh2 ,pet] ,k+1 #a/ ,pa41  
enli/$ #aggg1 ,quak] ,hill ,hospital1   
,n4 ,j4787 #aggh 7no su* hospital74  ,"s
 d\bt may exi/ z to two ( ^!1 b z !     
hospital is nam$1 an error may exi/ 9   
copy+ ! orig9al record4   #ai ,dut*ess  
,c\nty 9 ,colonial ,days1 #ahih1 &      
,dut*ess ,c\nty1 #ahii1 pap]s read be=e 
! ,dut*ess ,c\nty ,society1 9 ! ,city ( 
,new ,york1 by ,hon4 ,alfr$ ,t4 ,ack]t4 

,also1 ,hi/ory ( ,dut*ess ,c\nty1 by    
,james ,h4 ,smi?4  #bj ,see pp4 #bj &   
#ba4  #ba ,see ,new ,york ,m]cury1 ,july
 #bh1 #agff1 ,augu/ #ah & #be1 #agff1   
,septemb] #ae1 #agff4 ,see also ,dut*ess
 ,c\nty1 by ,alfr$ ,t4 ,ack]t1 #ahii1 p4
 #e4  #bb ,see ,app5dix ,b4  #bc ,?a*]'s
 ,milit>y ,j\rnal ( ! ,revolution4  #bd 
,! n>rative ( ,vaughn is glean$ f old   
resid5ts1 ,almira ,briggs ,treadwell1   
,ar*ibald ,dodge1 ,jane ,crane1 & o!rs4 
#be ,wa%+ton ,headqu>t]s at             
,fr$ricksburgh1 by ,l4 ,s4 ,patrick2    
,quak] ,hill ,s]ies1 #aijg4  #bf ,?is   
matt] is v fully treat$ 9 ,wa%+ton's    
,headqu>t]s at ,fr$]icksburgh1 by ,lewis
 ,s4 ,patrick4 ,quak] ,hill ,conf]5ce   
,local ,hi/ory ,s]ies1 ,,xvi4 #aijg4    
#bg ,see ,no4 ,,iii1 ,quak] ,hill       
,s]ies1 pp4 #ab1 #db1 & ,no4 ,,viii1 pp4
 #af1 #ag4  #bh ,lett]s ( ,gov]nor      
,george ,cl9ton1 ,new ,york ,/ate       
,libr>y4  #bi ,wa%+ton ,headqu>t]s at   
,fr$ricksburgh1 by ,l4 ,s4 ,patrick1    
#aijg4     ,,"p ,,ii4  ,! ,transition4  

,,*apt] ,i4  ,,communication--,,!       
,,roads4   ,! roads 7 orig9ally bridle  
pa?s1 & to ?is day _m a /ret* ( road    
te/ifies 9 its /eep grade to its use 9 !
 days ( ! pack saddle4 ,no driv] ( a    
:eel$ vehicle w\ld h select$ s abrupt a 
slope4  ,9 ! e>ly days ! roads _h a nor?
 & s\? direction4 ,9 ! ,p]iod (         
,transition1 ) ! div]sion ( comm]ce to !
 railroad 9 ,pawl+1 ! roads ( an ea/ &  
we/ direction became ! pr9cipal roads1  
?\gh ! "o great ,quak] ,hill highway    
nor? & s\? is /ill ! av5ue (            
communication on ! ,hill4  ,z ! ye>s    
pass$ wagons 7 us$2 inde$1 by ! "t ( !  
,revolution1 9 ! second g5]ation1 !y 7  
be>+ all ! transportation4 ,! /ate ( !  
roads is %[n1 h[ev]1 by ! fact t ,daniel
 ,m]ritt 0 accu/om$ to pay1 9 #aggb1 #a1
 or #e1 = c>t+ f\r b>rels ( beef to !   
riv]2 t is1 ab\t #a1jjj lbs4 con/itut$ a
 load4 ,at ! pres5t /ate ( ! c\ntry     
roads1 a ,quak] ,hill employ] w\ld      
expect #b1jjj lbs4 to make a load4 ,!   
/ate ( ! roads be=e ! turnpikes 7 made1 

t is1 be=e #ahjj to #ahbe1 is describ$  
by a resid5t z foll[s3 ,! road 0 s full 
( /ones1 l>ge & small1 t p ( to-day w\ld
 consid] impassable = an empty wagon1 to
 say no?+ ( draw+ a load ov] x4 ,9 !    
fall ( ! ye> x is said t t[>d ev5+ "o   
c\ld he> ! hamm]+ ( ! :eels ( ! wagons  
on ! /ones ( ! road a di/ance ( f\r or  
five miles4#cj  ,i _c le>n t ,quak]     
,hill 0 dur+ ! ,quak] ,p]iod on any ma9 
l9e ( c\ntry travel4 ,m>quis ,de        
,*a/elleux records 9 8 ,travels 9 ,nor? 
,am]ica1 t he j\rney$ 9 #aghi to        
,mooreh\se's ,tav]n 7see ,map ,i7 along 
! ,t5 ,mile ,riv]1 two or ?ree miles f !
 ,h\satonic to sev]al h&some h\ses =m+  
"p ( ! di/rict kn[n z ,! ,oblong4 ,! inn
 ,i 0 go+ to is 9 ! ,oblong1 b two miles
 f>!r on4 ,x is kept by ,col4           
,mooreh\se1 = no?+ is m common 9 ,am]ica
 ?an to see an inn kept by a colonel 444
 ! mo/ e/eem$ & mo/ cr$itable citiz54   
,!re 0 no inn on ,quak] ,hill & no      
colonel4 ,! ,quak] av]sion to milit>y   
titles 0 !n z great z to ! sale ( rum4  

,! h\ses ref]r$ to by ! ,fr5* travell] 7
 probably ! nor!rn b\nd>y ( ! ,quak]    
community1 at :at is n[ ,webatuck4 ,i _c
 f9d record ( any po/ road com+ ne>] ?an
 ?is1 until 9 ! #ai? c5tury a /age 0    
ma9ta9$ betwe5 ,p\ghkeepsie & ,new      
,mil=d1 by way ( ,quak] ,hill1 mak+ !   
j\rney e o!r day1 & /opp+ at ,john      
,t(fey's /ore at ,site #ec4  ,! build+ (
 turnpikes became1 9 ! ye>s foll[+      
#ahjj1 a popul> =m ( public _s4 ,says   
,miss ,tab]3 ,9 fact1 turnpikes seem$ to
 be a fad 9 ^? days all ov] ! /ate &    
probably a necess>y "o4 ,! longe/ "o ,i 
le>n ( 9 ?is "p ( ! c\ntry 0 f ,cold    
,spr+ on ! ,hudson ,riv] to ,new ,mil=d 
9 ,connecticut4 ,! turnpike 9 :i* ! p ( 
?is neighborhood 7 mo/ int]e/$ 0 ! "o   
incorporat$ ,april #c1 #ahah1 & reads1  
',t ,albro ,ak91 ,john ,m]ritt1 ,gideon 
,slocum1 ,job ,craw=d1 ,*>les ,hurd1    
,william ,tab]1 ,joseph ,arnold1 ,egb]t 
,c>ey1 ,gabriel ,l4 ,v&]burgh1 ,newel   
,dodge1 ,jnrs41 & su* o!r p]sons z %all 
associate = ! purpose ( mak+ a good &   

suffici5t turnpike road 9 ,dut*ess ,co4'
 ,x 0 nam$ z ! ,pawl+s & ,beekman       
,turnpike1 be+ a portion ( :at is kn[n z
 ! ,p\ghkeepsie road pass+ ov] ! ,we/   
,m\nta91 b we d n f9d t any?+ 0 done    
until aft] ! act 0 reviv$ 9 #ahbd1 :5   
,joseph ,c4 ,seeley1 ,b5oni ,pe>ce1     
,samuel ,all51 ,b5jam9 ,b>r & ,george   
,w4 ,slocum 7 associat$ ) !m4  ,!       
,pawl+s & ,beekman ,turnpike ma9ta9$ a  
tollgate till #aije1 :5 x 0 burn$ d[n2 &
 ! company1 :i* _h long discuss$ its    
discont9uance1 !n ab&on$ its private    
rights 9 t excell5t /ret* ( road4 ,!    
turnpike :i* cross$ ,quak] ,hill end$ at
 ! ,jeph?a ,sab9 resid5ce1 kn[n to !    
pres5t g5]ation z ! ,g>ry ,f]ris place1 
,site #gd4 ,! roads ( ! neighborhood 7 !
 same 9 #aggh-hj z at ! pres5t day1 z w 
be se5 f a comp>ison ( ,map ,i1 made by 
,ersk9e = ,wa%+ton1 & ,map #b1 :i* is a 
copy ( ! ,u4 ,s4 ,survey2 except ! road 
f ,mizz5-,top ,hotel to ,hamm]sley      
,lake1 made aft] ! hotel 0 erect$4 ,!   
comp>ison ( maps %[s also1 to "o :o kn[s

 ! use ( ^! roads1 t !y h *ang$ f a nor?
 & s\? use to an ea/ & we/ use2 !       
highway on ! nor?w>d slope ( ! ,hill 9  
,dov]1 & on ! s\?w>d slope 9 ,patt]son1 
be+ b little us$ to-day4 ,! road f !    
,meet+ ,h\se & cemet]y we/w>d1 :i* 0    
once mu* favor$1 is n[ sc>cely ev] us$1 
& be+ neglect$ by ! au?orities1 is      
little m ?an a /ony gutt]4  ,! :ole "* (
 ! neighborhood 0 *ang$ by a revolution 
9 transportation4 ,n turnpikes effect$ !
 *ange1 b railroads4 ,! e>ly ye>s ( !   
n9ete5? c5tury 7 fill$ ) expectation (  
new modes ( travel4 ,rob]t ,fulton 0    
build+ 8 /eamboat amid ! d]ision ( 8    
contempor>ies1 & to _! amazem5t /eam+ up
 ! ,hudson aga9/ ! tide4 ,at fir/ canals
 seem$ to c\ntry folk ! solution ( _!   
problem4 ,!y occupi$ 9 ! dawn ( ! #ai?  
c5tury ! place :i* trolley c>s occupy 9 
! m9ds ( promot]s to-day4 ,a canal 0    
plann$ to run ?r\gh ! ,h>lem valley1 :]e
 n[ ,pawl+ /&s1 & ,quak] ,hill m5 7     
among ! promot]s ( x1 among !m ,daniel  
,ak9 & ,johna?an ,ak9 ,tab]4  ,pres5tly1

 h[ev]1 came ! promotion ( railroads1 & 
_m ( ! same m5 :o _h favor$ ! canals1   
ent]$ he>tily into ! new projects4 ,!   
f\ndation ( ,alb]t ,ak9's =tune 0 made  
:51 ab\t #ahcj1 he began to borr[ money 
( 8 neighbors & inve/ 9 ! rapidly gr[+  
l9es ( /eam-c>s 9 ,new ,york ,/ate4 ,!re
 7 ^?1 h[ev]1 :o =esaw dire ?+s f ! new 
iron highway1 & old resid5ts tell ( "o  
man :o said t :osoev] f>m t locomotive  
pass$ ?r\gh w\ld h to give up fatt+     
cattle1 z x w\ld be impossible to keep a
 /e] on ! place4  ,= _m ye>s ! railroad 
came no ne>] ?an ,croton ,falls4 ,ri*>d 
,osborn us$ to tell ! /ory ( "o resid5t 
( ! ,hill :o boa/$ t he c\ld g to ,new  
,york & return ! same day4 ,?is he      
f9ally attempt$ & accompli%$ by driv+ ) 
a good pair ( horses to ,croton ,falls 9
 ! morn+1 tak+ an e>ly tra9 to ,new     
,york1 return+ 9 ! ev5+1 & driv+ home   
be=e night4 ,?is /ory1 :i* is well      
au!nticat$1 proves ! good condition ( "s
 ( ! roads be=e #ahdi1 = ! drive to     
,croton ,falls is ab\t tw5ty miles4     

,among lead+ ,quak] ,hill resid5ts :o   
promot$ railroads 9 ! valley 7 ,jona?an 
,ak91 ,daniel ,d4 ,ak91 ,j4 ,ak9 ,tab]1 
,john & ,alb]t ,j4 ,ak94 ,! two m5 :o 7 
mo/ influ5tial 9 complet+ ! la/ l9k ( ! 
road--f ! local viewpo9t--7 ,alb]t ,ak9 
& ,hon4 ,john ,ket*am1 ( ,dov]1 bo?     
rec5tly deceas$4 ,!y suppli$ ca% = !    
cont9uation ( ! road f ,croton ,falls to
 ,dov] ,pla9s4 ,to ,mr4 ,ak9 ! promise 0
 made t if he w\ld supply a build+ = a  
/ation ! road w\ld place an eat+ h\se at
 ! po9t ne>e/ ,quak] ,hill4 ,!re 0 !n no
 su* village or hamlet z ,pawl+1 !      
locality be+ kn[n z ,gooset[n4 ,patt]son
 0 an old village1 we/ ( its pres5t     
bus9ess c5t] "o mile1 & 0 kn[n z        
,fr$]icksburgh4 ,dov] also 0 a place (  
di/9ction 9 ! c\ntry-side4 ,mr4 ,ak91 ) 
sev]al yoke ( ox51 haul$ a dwell+ to !  
railroad track f ! site on :i*          
,wa%+ton's ,headqu>t]s /ood 9 #aggh2 &  
?us 0 initiat$ ! settlem5t ( ! village  
:i* is n[ among ! mo/ ?riv+ on ! road4  
,illu/ration3 ,a ,,quak] ,,g5tleman     

,at t "t ,quak] ,hill 0 ! mo/ prosp]\s  
community = _m miles ar\nd4 ,a          
description ( its indu/ries w be f\nd   
else:]e1 9 ,*ap4 ,,iv1 ,"p ,i4 ,! com+ (
 ! railroad *ang$ ! :ole aspect ( ?+s4  
,! dem& = milk to be deliv]$ by f>m]s at
 ! railroad /ation e day1 & sold ! next 
day 9 ,new ,york1 began at once4 ,x soon
 became ! mo/ pr(itable occupation = !  
f>m]s & ! mo/ pr(itable freight = !     
railroad4 ,elev5 ye>s aft] ! fir/ tra9  
ent]$ ,pawl+ came ! w>1 ) inflat$       
prices4 ,! f>m] f\nd t no use ( 8 l&    
paid him s mu* ca% z ! mak+ ( milk1 &   
!reaft] ! rais+ ( flax ceas$1 gra9 0    
cultivat$ less & less1 except z x 0 to  
be us$ 9 ! fe$+ ( cattle1 & ev5 ! fatt+ 
( cattle soon _h to yield to ! l[]$     
prices occasion$ by ! importation ( beef
 f we/]n graz+ l&s4 ,! mak+ ( butt] &   
*eese1 ) ! increas$ co/ ( labor on !    
f>ms1 0 ab&on$1 t ! milk might be sold 9
 bulk to ! city middleman4 ,! "t _h n   
come1 h[ev]1 9 :i* f>m]s or _! labor]s  
import$ cond5s$ milk1 or us$ none4      

,quak] ,hill f>m]s liv$ too g5]\sly &   
sub/antially = t2 b !y ceas$1 dur+ !    
,civil ,w>1 :5 milk 0 b\ght at ! plat=m 
= six c5ts a qu>t1 to make butt] or     
*eese4  ,?us ! ,h>lem ,railroad trans=m$
 ,quak] ,hill f a community ( div]sifi$ 
f>m+1 produc+1 manufactur+1 sell+1      
consum+1 suffici5t unto itself1 into a  
locality ( specializ$ f>m+4 ,its m>ket  
_h be5 ,p\ghkeepsie1 tw5ty-eight miles  
away1 ov] high hills & indiff]5t roads4 
,its metropolis became ,new ,york ,city1
 sixty-two miles away by rail & f\r to  
eight miles by wagon road4  ,) !        
railroad's com+ ! isolat$ homog5e\s     
community scatt]$4 ,! sons ( ! ,quak]s  
emigrat$4 ,labor]s f ,irel& & o!r       
,european l&s1 ev5 negroes f ,virg9ia1  
took _! places4 ,new ,york]s became     
resid5ts on ! ,hill1 :i* became ! f>!/  
t]m9us ( suburban traffic4 ,! railroad  
grant$ commut]s' rates to ,pawl+1 &     
twice z _m tra9s z to any /ation fur!r  
out4 ,! population ( ! ,hill became     
div]sifi$1 :ile indu/ries became        

simplifi$4 ,9 ! fir/ c5tury ! p 7 "o1 ! 
indu/ries _m4 ,9 ! ,p]iod ( ! ,mix$     
,community1 9 ! second c5tury1 ! p 7 _m 
& ! indu/ries b "o4 ,i speak else:]e (  
^! elem5ts ( ! mix$ community4 ,suffice 
x to h trac$ "h ! simplify+ ( ! economic
 life ( ! ,hill1 by ! influ5ce ( !      
railroad1 :i* made ! neighborhood only  
"o factor 9 a va/] indu/rial community1 
( :i* ,new ,york 0 ! c5t]4 ,:5 ! ,meet+ 
,h\se & ! ,m]ritt /ore 7 = a c5tury !   
c5t]s ( a homog5e\s ,quak] community1 x 
0 a solid unit1 ( "o type1 do+ v>i$ ?+s2
 :5 ,wall ,/reet & ,broadway became !   
social & indu/rial c5t]s1 a v>i$ p1 no  
less unifi$1 did b "o ?+4   #cj ,"s     
,glimpses ( ! ,pa/1 by ,alicia ,hopk9s  
,tab]4     ,,*apt] ,,ii4  ,,economic    
,,*anges4   ,! transition f ! mix$ or   
div]sifi$ f>m+ ( ! ,quak] community to !
 special & p>ticul> f>m+ ( ! mix$       
community is writt5 9 ! gr[? ( ! dairy  
indu/ry1 :i* 9 ! ye> #aijj 0 ! "o       
indu/ry ( ! ,hill4 ,9 #ahjj dairy       
products 7 only beg9n+ to em]ge f a     

place 9 ! li/ ( products ( ! ,quak]     
,hill l&s to a s+le & special place z ! 
only product ( salable value4 ,:ile !   
,hill p con/itut$ a community dep5d5t on
 itself & suffici5t unto itself1 !      
exceptional fitness ( ! heavy clay soil 
to ! production ( milk1 butt] & *eese   
did n ass]t itself1 & :eat1 rye1 flax1  
apples1 potatoes 7 rais$ 9 l>ge         
quantities & sold2 b 9 ! p]iod ( op5+   
communication ) ! _w 9 g5]al1 exactly 9 
proportion z ! ,hill %>$ 9 ! gr[? (     
comm]ce1 by s mu* did ! dairy activities
 supplant all o!r occupations4 ,! ord] (
 ?is em]g5ce is a significant comm5t>y  
^u ! op5+ ( roads & ! developm5t (      
transportation4 ,! /ages are3 fir/1     
*eese & butt]2 second1 fat cattle2 &    
?ird1 milk4 ,at ! end ( ! ,quak]        
community1 :5 ! be/ roads 7 ( ! ea/ &   
we/ directions1 & ,p\ghkeepsie 0 !      
m>ket-place1 *eese & butt] 7 made = a   
money crop1 by ! wom51 :o reta9$ ! money
 = _! own use4  ,!re is a /ory told 9 ! 
,tab] & ,%ove families1 :i* prettily %[s

 ! cu/oms 9 ! ,quak] c5tury4 ,anne      
,tab]1 wife ( ,?omas ,tab]1 sub/antial  
pione] at ! nor? end ( ! ,hill1 _h a f9e
 reputation z a *eese mak]4 ,be+ a ,new 
,engl& woman1 %e 0 ( ! few :o 9         
,revolution>y days 7 9 sympa?y ) !      
,colonies1 & %e gave =? t %e w\ld pres5t
 a *eese to ! fir/ g5]al (fic] :o %\ld  
visit ! neighborhood4 ,"o day1 be+      
summon$ to ! door1 writes "o ( h]       
desc5dants1 %e 0 greatly surpris$ to f9d
 a s]vant ( ,g5]al ,wa%+ton1 ) a note f 
him claim+1 "u conditions ( ! promise1 !
 *eese4 ,( c\rse x 0 s5t1 & ! ,g5]al _h 
opportunity to te/ h] skill 9 t dome/ic 
art4#ca  ,! ,tab] family did n pres]ve t
 note2 b 9 ! ,treasury ,dep>tm5t ( !    
,unit$ ,/ates1 among ,wa%+ton's memor&a 
( exp5ditures1 is ! item "u date ( ,nov4
 #f1 #aggh1 ,to ,ca% paid s]vant = br++ 
*eese f ,mr4 ,tab]1 #af %ill+s4 ,x w\ld 
seem t ! fame ( ,anne ,tab]'s *eeses _h 
won h] a m>ket ) ! (fic]s at            
,headqu>t]s1 = sixte5 %ill+s 0 paym5t = 
br++ *eese 9 l>ge quantity1 & ! date is 

six weeks aft] ! arrival ( ,wa%+ton = 8 
/ay 9 ! vic9ity4  ,9 ! l$g] ( ! ,m]ritt 
/ore1 "u date ( ,nov4 #f1 #aggb1 ,?omas 
,tab]1 ,esq41 is cr$it$ z foll[s3 ,by   
#bi *eses wd4 #dhd lb4 at #f;d41 #ab    
#bs4 ,9 t ye> ,?omas ,tab]1 ,esq41      
satisfi$ 8 acc\nt ) an ox1 #f #afs42    
ca%1 #aj2 ?ree p\nds & n9e ounces ( old 
pewt]1 #ds4 #f;d42 sev5 hogs1 #bj #aas4 
#f;d41 & ! above #bi *eeses4 ,s t       
approximately "o-f\r? ( ! money crop (  
?is sub/antial f>m] 0 9 ! =m ( a dairy  
product4 ,9 ! ye> #ahie1 ! av]age ,quak]
 ,hill f>m 0 produc+1 z w be %[n 9      
,*apt] ,,iii1 ,"p ,,iii1 n9ety p] c5t4 (
 dairy product1 namely milk4  ,! second 
phase ( ! indu/ry prop] to ,quak] ,hill 
0 t ( rais+ fat cattle4 ,?is culm9at$ at
 ! end ( ! p]iod ( ! ,quak] ,community4 
,9 ?is indu/ry 7 laid ! f\ndations ( "s 
l>ge =tunes4 ,x br\ght 9 its day m money
 into ! neighborhood ?an any o!r        
occupation _h ev] br\ght4 ,x disappe>$ )
 ! com+ ( ! railroad into ! valley1     
br++1 9 refrig]ator c>s1 meat f we/]n   

l&s1 & kill$ 9 ,*icago4 ,!n ! cattle 7  
fatt5$ on ^! hills1 9 ! ri* grass1 &    
driv5 to ,new ,york to be kill$ & sold  
!re4  ,9 ,"s ,glimpses ( ! ,pa/1 ,miss  
,tab] says3 ,b ! *ief bus9ess ( mo/     
f>m]s 0 ! fatt+ ( cattle4 ,! cattle 7   
g5]ally b\ght :5 f two to ?ree ye>s old1
 usually 9 ! fall1 kept ?r\gh ! w9t] & !
 foll[+ summ] fatt5$ & sold4 ,!y 7 !    
only ?+s t did n h to g to ! riv] to    
rea* ! m>ket4 ,f all ov] ! c\ntry !y 7  
driv5 to ,new ,york on foot1 & ! road   
?r\gh ! valley 0 ! ma9 ?or\ghf>e = !m4  
,monday 0 ! m>ket day 9 ,new ,york & all
 />t$ 9 "t to rea* ! city by ,saturday4 
,f ,pawl+ ! cattle 7 />t$ on ,?ursday1 &
 ^? f great] di/ances plann$ to rea* ?is
 "p ( _! j\rney on t day4 ,x us$ to be  
said t ! deal]s c\ld tell :at ! m>ket   
w\ld be 9 ,new ,york on ! foll[+ ,monday
 by wat*+ ! cattle t pass$ ?r\gh ,pawl+ 
on ,?ursday4 ,! cattle 7 collect$ & tak5
 to ! city by drov]s2 !irs 0 a great    
bus9ess 9 ^? days4 ,hotels or tav]ns 7  
provid$ = _! accommodation at frequ5t   

int]vals along ! road4 ,ira ,griff9 0 a 
drov] & ,mr4 ,ar*ibald ,dodge rememb]s  
:5 a boy go+ to ,new ,york ) him & 8    
cattle1 walk+ all ! way4 ,!re 7 also    
droves ( cattle o!r ?an fat ones1 on !  
road1 "s call$ /ore cattle1 & ! books ( 
,mr4 ,b5jam9 ,v4 ,havil&1 :o kept "o ( !
 tav]ns1 %[ t 9 ! ye> #ahdg !re _h be5  
kept on 8 place #bg1ghd cattle1 #cj1jjj 
%eep & #gjj mules1 & x is said t        
occasionally !re w\ld be #b1jjj head    
betwe5 8 tav]n & t ( ,john ,pre/on's 9  
,dov]4 ,:5 ,mr4 ,alb]t ,j4 ,ak9 0 a "y  
man he 0 consid]$ an exp]t judge & buy] 
( /e]s = fatt5+1 & g5]ally _h ! f9e/ h]d
 ( fat cattle4  ,?is ref]5ce is to !    
bus9ess at its height & applies to !    
ye>s #ahjj-ahej4 ,9 ! books ( ,john     
,t(fey's /ore are frequ5t ref]5ces to ! 
bus9ess4  ,int]e/+ mat]ial is furni%$ = 
! /udy ( ! p]iod ( transition1 9 !      
records ( ! /ore kept by ,john ,t(fey at
 ,site ,no4 #ec4 ,^! old day-books &    
l$g]s are incomplete1 b !y cov] spaces (
 "t 9 ! ye>s #ahad1 #ahbd1 #ahcc2 & _!  

acc\nt ( ! pur*ases made by ,john       
,t(fey's cu/om]s furni%es a record1 we  
may suppose1 ( ! goods br\ght into !    
h\seholds on ! ,hill at t "t1 f o!r     
communities2 z well z ! actual ex*ange (
 commodities on ! ,hill1 :]e at t "t    
div]sifi$ indu/ries 7 c>ri$ on4  ,! gr[?
 ( trade 9 ^! respects1 f ! p]iod       
#ahad-ahaf to ! p]iod #ahbd-ahcc w be   
consid]$ 9 f\r l9es1 z x is exhibit$ 9 !
 commodities3 fir/ ( ,co/ume1 second (  
,food & ,m$ic9e1 & ?ird ( ,tools &      
,mat]ial = ,indu/ry1 f\r?1 (            
,h\se-furni%+s4 ,x is assum$ t ,john    
,t(fey kept a repres5tative /ore1 & t ! 
gr[? 9 8 trade correspond$ to ! gr[? 9 !
 comm]cial int]*ange 9 ! community4  ,9 
#ahad-ahaf ! import$ goods kept & sold  
by ,john ,t(fey are clo? 7p]haps 9 "p   
locally manufactur$71 indigo1 ?read1    
cambric1 p5knives1 knitt+ ne$les1 spell$
 nitt5ne$els1 pla/]1 f9e salt1 molasses1
 tea1 apple-trees1 nutmeg1 %ad &        
occasionally o!r fi%4 ,! li/ is brief1 &
 its proportion to ! o!r commodities    

sold 9 ! /ore evid5ces ! simplicity ( a 
community dep5d5t *iefly ^u itself1 &   
liv+ a life ( rud5ess & cont5t4  ,among 
prices :i* *ange 9 ! tw5ty ye>s record$ 
9 ,john ,t(fey's books are ^? ( molasses
 :i* 0 9 #ahad-ahaf #b4jj p] gallon1 &  
fell to #a4be & 9 #ahbd to #ce;c4 p]    
gallon4 ,tobago 0 sold 9 #ahad at #b4ge 
p] p\nd1 & lat] = #fb;c4 ,fl\r 0 sold 9 
#ahad = #ah p] b>rel1 or #i;c4 p] p\nd2 
wool hats at #d2 f9e salt #aj;c4 p]     
p\nd2 pla/] #c4be p] hundr$weight2 boots
 at #i4jj2 tea at #b4ge p] p\nd4  ,a    
day's "w = a man 9 #ahad-ahaf 0 f #a4jj 
p] day = ord9>y "w1 to #a4be = driv+    
ox51 or #a4ej = digg+ a grave1 or ! same
 am\nt = go+ aft] ! ?ief4  ,h\se-r5t is 
record$ at ! rate ( ?irty doll>s a ye>4 
,"o may expla9 ! high rates ( _m ( ^!   
commodities1 & ! relatively high rate   
paid = labor by ! preval5ce ( w> prices 
at ! "t4 ,commodities su* z molasses    
w\ld be exp5sive z a result ( ! /oppage 
( sea-trade2 & ! labor m>ket 0 exhau/$  
to supply ! army ) soldi]s4  ,9 #ahbd   

,t(fey import$1 = ,co/um+1 %awls1 crepe 
at #a p] y>d1 silk1 ske9-silk1 twi/1    
ribbon1 velvet at #ij;c4 p] y>d1        
drab-clo?1 flannel1 braid1 h&k]*iefs1   
buttons & button-m\lds1 gloves1         
susp5d]s1 calico1 ve/ patt]ns1 p9s1     
*rome-yell[1 be>sk9 at #hb;c4 p] y>d1   
dress h&k]*iefs1 beads1 buckles1 silk   
flags & morocco sk9s4  ,( new foods he  
import$ molasses at #ce;c4 p] gallon1   
oranges at #b;c4 ea*1 :i* he seems to h 
sold only "o by "o1 sug> at #f;c41      
tobacco at #ab;c41 alum1 tea at #he;c41 
salt at #a p] bu%el1 pepp]1 all-spice1  
rais9s1 salt-pet]1 pe>la%1 ca/ile soap1 
h>d soap1 p>egoric1 g+]1 logwood1       
vitriol1 c9namon1 snuff1 sulphur1       
cloves1 mu/>d1 opium1 c(fee1 loaf sug>1 
wat]melons1 & se$s = beets1 lettuce1    
p>snips4  ,( ,h\se-furni%+s1 he _h =    
sale1 knives1 =ks--"o set ( knives & =ks
 sell+ = #ac1 plates1 b[ls1 pit*]s1     
mugs1 teacups1 teapots1 decant]s1       
almanacs1 brooms1 oilclo?1 glass &      
putty1 ink/&s1 b$/eads1 spoons 9 sets1  

sug>-b[ls1 t9 pans4  ,( ,tools &        
,mat]ials = ,indu/ry he sold nails by ! 
pap]1 by ! hundr$ & by ! p\nd1 files1   
oil at #ge;c4 a gallon1 locks1 slates1  
pap]1 pocket-books1 p5cils1 turp5t9e1   
raw /eel & iron1 spectacles at #cd;c41  
s&pap]1 %ovels & spades1 screws1        
gimlets4  ,rum1 br&y & g9 appe> also1 ) 
p[d]1 %ot & fi%hooks1 z tributes to !   
convivial & adv5tur\s _s4 ,b ! convivial
 spirits 7 ! bett] patrons1 = !re 0     
sc>cely an entry 9 c]ta9 ye>s 9 :i* 0 n 
an item ( alcoholic spirits4 ,! sport+  
goods 7 only occasionally pur*as$4  ,9  
#ahcc = ,co/um+1 cotton-batt+ _h appe>$1
 & canton flannel1 canvas1 blue jeans at
 #hc;c4 p] y>d1 br[n ,holl&1 clo? at    
#c4fd p] y>d1 hats at #dd;c4 ea*1 hooks 
& eyes1 pe>l buttons at #aj;c4 a doz51  
side combs1 b&anna h&k]*iefs2 :ile      
sole-lea!r 0 /ill sold 9 quantity1 )    
bucksk9 mitt5s1 :i* 7 sc>cely made on ! 
,hill4  ,= ,indu/ry1 behold ! arrival ( 
p9c]s1 gum arabic1 ,pittsburgh cord at  
#ba;c4 p] y>d4 ,9 ,h\s+s1 c&les1 fry+   

pans1 t9 pails1 dipp]s1 t9 bas9s1       
wa%-tubs made _! appe>ance2 & 9 ?is ye> 
= ! fir/ "t w9d[-bl9ds 7 sold1 = #ge;c4 
,= ,food & ,m$ic9es ,john ,t(fey (f]$ at
 ?is "t codfi%1 c(fee1 s\*ong tea1      
crack]s1 ca/or oil1 camphor gum1 ,epsom 
salts4  ,meantime1 a day's wages _h     
fall5 f #a & #a4ej to #fe;c4 & #ge;c4 p]
 day4  ,! gr[? ( trade 9 ,john ,t(fey's 
/ore is summ>iz$ 9 ,table ,i4 ,9 ?is    
table may be se5 also ! gr[? ( economic 
dem&4 ,! increase ( ! numb] ( k9ds (    
commodities 9 ea* evid5ces ! acquirem5t 
( v>i$ ta/es by ?is p ( ! ,hill4        
,,table ,i4 ,,john ,,t(fey',s ,,/ore4   
----------------------------------------
------  ,commodities          #ahad-af  
#ahbd    #ahcc                          
----------------------------------------
------  ,co/ume                 #e      
#be      #ch  ,food & ,m$ic9e       #e  
#bi      #cf  ,tools & ,mat]ials     #e 
#ah      #ba  ,h\se ,furni%+s           
#ah      #bd                            
----------------------------------------

------  ,daily ,wage          #a4-a4ej  
#fe;c4-#ge;c4                           
----------------------------------------
------   ,! above summ>y ( !            
importations to ! ,hill 9 ! ye>s        
#ahad-ahcc ca/s light ^u ! social &     
religi\s hi/ory ( ! p]iod 9 "q2 9 :i*   
occurr$ ! greate/ social convulsion ?is 
community has ev] kn[n4 ,9 ! ye> #ahbh !
 ,religi\s ,society ( ! ,fri5ds 0       
divid$1 nev] to be unit$1 ! integrity ( 
! community z a social & religi\s unit 0
 end$1 ! ties ( a c5tury 7 sev]$1 &     
in/ead ( ! unity ( :i* ,quak]s are      
always s consci\s1 came mutual          
criticism1 recrim9ation1 &              
excommunication ( "o-half ( ! community 
by ! majority ( ! ,meet+4 ,?us end$ !   
communal life ( ,quak] ,hill1 & began ! 
dis9tegration ( ! community :i* is n[   
almo/ complete4  ,x is true t ?is s*ism 
0 g5]al ?r\gh\t ! d5om9ation1 9 all !   
,unit$ ,/ates2 & t x 0 %>$ 9 its        
doctr9al influ5ces by ! ,congregational 
*ur*es1 ! ,unit>ian ,association hav+   

be5 =m$ 9 ,bo/on 9 #ahbe4 ,b nev]!less x
 _h roots on ,quak] ,hill 9 an economic 
condition2 & t economic condition may h 
be5 g5]al ?r\gh\t ! ,ea/]n ,/ates4  ,let
 ! doctr9al causes ( ?is s*ism be       
consid]$ else:]e4#cb ,economic causes   
are h9t$ at 9 ! above p>agraphs4 ,!re   
came 9 _m embelli%m5ts ( life :i* mu/ h 
seem$ to e>ly ,fri5ds m]e luxuries1 & to
 ! /rict] few mu/ h appe>$ in/rum5ts (  
s91 z beads1 ribbons1 velvet1 silk1     
braid1 crepe1 %awls1 dress h&k]*iefs1   
buckles1 silk flags1 pe>l buttons--^!   
are expressions ( new /ates ( m9d4 ,!   
economic *ange und]ly+ ! social         
convulsion is se5 9 ! increase ( v>i$   
/uffs = co/ume1 articles & mat]ials = ! 
food & m$ic9e cupbo>ds ( ! f>mh\ses1 & 9
 m v>i$ tools & mat]ials bo? = indu/ry &
 h\se furni%+4  ,ev5 m influ5tial ?an ! 
excit+ p[] ( luxuries w\ld be ! quiet] &
 m p]vasive /imulus ( com=t4 ,h\ses t   
are glaz$ & ceil$ & furni%$ ) well      
adapt$ implem5ts 9 e room2 tables set ) 
all ! w>es ( leisurely & pleasurable    

fe$+ speak a new /ate ( affairs4 ,! p s 
clo!d & s f$ beg9 to produce 9 e family 
"s memb]s ( cultur$ ta/es1 "s (         
indep5d5t ?\ght1 :o are re/ive "u !     
d5ials ( ,quak]ism4  ,bus9ess & indu/ry 
too become m v>i$2 & ! effect ( ?is     
prosp]\s & v>i$ indu/ry %[s itself 9    
active & critical m9ds4 ,importation f  
places beyond ,p\ghkeepsie awak5$       
imag9ation & invit$ reflection ^u ! /ate
 ( ! _w4  ,all ?is "t ! daily wage      
cont9u$ to fall1 f #a & #a4ej 9 #ahad to
 #ej;c41 #fe;c4 & #ge;c4 9 #ahcc4 ,x is 
said t m5 bitt]ly comm5t$1 9 ^? days ( !
 rapid developm5t ( ! c\ntry1 t a f>m]  
:o paid a labor] fifty c5ts = a day's   
labor 9 ! hay-field f daybreak to d>k1  
w\ld pay ! same am\nt1 fifty c5ts1 = 8  
supp] on ! ,hudson ,riv] boat1 :5 he    
made 8 annual visit to ! great city (   
,new ,york4  ,we h1 !n1 9 ,john ,t(fey's
 daybook a reflection ( conditions :i*  
_h to d ) ! break-up ( ! community1 z   
truly z did ! !ological diff]5ce betwe5 
,elias ,hicks & ! ,or?odox4 ,com=table  

liv+1 div]sifi$ & int5sifi$ indu/ry1    
importation ( exp5sive & /imulat+       
com=ts1 leisure ) its s\rces 9 weal?1 & 
its t5d5cies t[>d reflection1 &         
especially a diff]5tiation ( ! homog5e\s
 community into div]se classes1 ow+ to  
l[]$ wages & multipli$ embelli%m5ts (   
life1 made up altoge!r ! raw mat]ials ( 
discont5t1 criticism & division4  ,^!   
factors g ) a /ate ( gr[+ discont5t &   
dis9tegration4 ,! m5 & wom5 possess$ (  
leisure cultivat$ a humani/ /ate ( m9d1 
) :i* arose a critical _s1 a nic] ta/e &
 a cultur$ discrim9ation4 ,!y 7 (f5d$ by
 lit]alism1 bor$ by crud5ess h[ev] mu* 9
 e>ne/1 & disgu/$ ) ! illogical         
ass]tions ( pieti/s4 ,! imp]ative m&ate 
( ! meet+ awak5$ 9 !m only opposition4  
,!y f\nd _m to sympa?ize ) _! /ate (    
m9d4  ,on ! o!r side !re 7 ^? :o s]i\sly
 fe>$ ! incom+ ( luxuri\s ways4 ,!y     
di/ru/$ books1 rememb]+ ! values ( "o   
,book to ! labor] :o reads x alone2 !y  
believ$ 9 pla9ness1 & _! m9ds associat$ 
fre$om ( dress ) fre$om ( ?\ght4 ,!y    

res5t$ also ! new privileges conf]r$ on 
"s by weal?1 because to mo/ _h come only
 h>d] "w ) discont5t4  ,! s*ism :i* r5t 
! community 0 an economic h]esy1 !      
belief 9 ! use ( money = embelli%m5t (  
life4 ,all ! ,quak]s reg>d$ ) favor !   
mak+ ( money4 ,! ,lib]als1 h[ev]1 saw   
ends beyond money1 & processes (        
ultimate value beyond adm9i/ration &    
bus9ess4 ,!y look$ = h\sehold com=ts1   
books1 travel1 & ! leisure ) great s\ls 
:o h writt5 & h express$ ! greate/      
tru?s4 ,!y believ$ 9 a div9ity su* z    
c\ld h made1 & reg>d$ ) favor1 ! :ole   
teem+ _w4  ,! ,or?odox saw ! values (   
prosp]ity only 9 pla9ness ( life1       
recogniz$ no div9ity 9 humaniz$ mann]s1 
& /]nly b ineffectually call$ !         
community back to idealiz$              
commonplac5ess1 & to he> ! utt]ances (  
rude pl\ghm5 & cobbl]s 9 ! "n ( ,deity4 
,"o v5tures to believe1 too1 t !re 0 a  
fall+ away f all religi\s ex]cises at   
?is "t1 & t ! pi\s ( bo? s*ools 7 tr\bl$
 ab\t x1 & accus$ "o ano!r4 ,! poor 7   

too h>d work$ & too poorly paid to feel 
any?+ b discont5t2 & ! lead]s ( !       
community diff]$ z to ! solution ( !    
religi\s problem4 ,h5ce came division4  
,! ,quak]s are consci\s ( religi\s      
unity1 b _! mode ( life is a true       
economic unity4 ,! ,quak] ,community 0  
re-arrang+ itself economically1 b !     
memb]s felt a religi\s *ange4 ,class    
division 0 com+ ^u !m1 & !y felt x z a  
sect>ian division4 ,x 0 inde$ ! end ( ! 
old community rul$ by religion1 & !     
=mation ( a new neighborhood life2 a new
 ,quak]ism1 rul$ by economic classes3 ! 
p]sons ( influ5ce be+ inv>iably p]sons (
 means1 & ! dom9at+ lead]s ri*4         
,d\btless ! ,quak]s :o l$ 9 ! ,division 
( #ahbh hop$1 9 ea* p>ty equally1 to    
ma9ta9 ! old religi\s dom9ation4 ,!     
community has nev] grant$ t lead]%ip to 
! divid$ ,meet+1 nei!r to ! ,or?odox1   
nor to ! ,hicksites4 ,! real p[] has1   
s9ce a p]iod ant$at+ ! division1 be5 9 !
 h&s ( ^? :o h own$ f>ms c5trally       
locat$2 :o 9 addition to own+ l&        

c5trally locat$ h be5 possess$ ( l>ge   
means3 ! ri* m5 & weal?y wom5 h possess$
 a monopoly ( actual lead]%ip4 ,if also1
 !y h be5 religi\sly incl9$1 _! lead]%ip
 has be5 absolute4   #ca ,?omas ,tab] & 
,edw>d ,%ove--a ,rem9isc5ce1 by ,rev4   
,b5jam9 ,%ove2 ,quak] ,hill ,s]ies1     
#aijc4  #cb ,! matt] is fully treat$ 9  
,quak] ,hill 9 ! ,n9ete5? ,c5tury1 by   
,rev4 ,w>r5 ,h4 ,wilson2 ,quak] ,hill   
,s]ies ( ,local ,hi/ory ,no4 ,,iv4      
,,*apt] ,,iii4  ,,religi\s ,,life ,,9   
,,transition4   ,9 religion ! solid>ity 
( ?is c\ntry place has be5 be/ %[n 9 !  
fact t1 dur+ mo/ ( its hi/ory1 x has _h 
b "o *ur* at a "t4 ,= "o hundr$ ye>s !re
 0 ! undivid$ meet+4 ,f #ahbh to #ahhe !
 ,hicksite--,unit>ian1 bran* ( ! ,fri5ds
 held ! ,old ,meet+ ,h\se1 ) dim9i%+    
numb]s4 ,! ,or?odox _h _! small] meet+  
h\se ar\nd ! corn]1 att5d$ by decreas+  
ga!r+s4 ,9 #ahhj 0 organiz$ ,ak9 ,hall1 
9 :i* till #ahib 7 held religi\s s]vices
 9 ! summ] only4 ,s9ce t "t religi\s    
s]vices h be5 held !re all ! ye> r\nd4  

,! e>ly unit$ meet+ _h a memb]%ip (     
probably two hundr$1 & audi5ces ( ?ree  
hundr$ 7 n uncommon4  ,! *ur* 9 ,ak9    
,hall1 nam$ ,*ri/'s ,*ur*1 ,quak] ,hill1
 _h 9 #ahih a memb]%ip ( sixty-five1 &  
audi5ces ( fifty to two hundr$ & fifty1 
accord+ to ! occasion & ! "t ( ye>4 ,9 !
 pa/ ! g5]al attitude ( ! community t[>d
 religion has be5 rev]5t & sympa!tic4 ,x
 is no less s to-day4  ,( religi\s      
c]emonies ! ,quak]s claim to h none4 ,b 
!y are fond ( c]emoni\sness beyond mo/  
m54 ,! v processes by :i* !y aboli% =ms 
are made =mal processes4 ,!y h c]emonies
 ! int5t ( :i* is to free !m f c]emony4 
,! meet+ is call$ to ord] by acts ev] s 
simple1 & dismiss$ by two old p]sons    
%ak+ h&s2 b ^! are inv>iable & =mal z a 
doxology & a b5$iction4 ,!y receive a   
/rang] 9 _! own way4 ,a visit+ m9i/] is 
honor$ ) fix$ propriety4 ,an expell$    
memb] is read out ( meet+ ) /at$        
excommunicatory mal$ictions4  ,wor%ip   
has _h on ,quak] ,hill a l>ge place 9   
*>act]iz+ ! social complexion ( ! p4 ,by

 ?is1 ,i mean t ! peculi>ities ( !      
,quak] wor%ip1 n[ a ?+ ( ! pa/1 h       
engrav$ !mselves ^u "*4 ,^? peculi>ities
 are f\r3 ! cu/om ( sil5ce2 !           
non-employm5t ( music1 or conspicu\s    
color or =m2 ! sep>ate place provid$ =  
wom52 ! ass]tion & practice (           
individualism4  ,! sil5ce ( ! ,quak]    
meet+ is f> f negative4 ,x is n a m]e   
abs5ce ( words4 ,x is a discipl9e en=c$ 
^u ! l[] elem5ts ( human nature1 & a    
res]ve ^u ! intellectual elem5ts1 9 ord]
 t ,god may speak4 ,i ?9k t 9 ?is sil5ce
 ( ! meet+ we discov] ! work+ ( ! =ce t 
has m\ld$ individual "* on ,quak] ,hill 
& organiz$ ! social life4 ,= ?is sil5ce 
is a vivid exp]i5ce1 a sil5ce t may be  
felt4 ,! pres5ce & influ5ce ( m5 are ^u 
"o1 ev5 if t ( ,god be n4 ,! motionless 
figures ab\t "o subtly p5etrate "o's    
consci\sness1 ?\gh n ?r\gh ! s5ses4 ,!y 
te/ify to _! belief 9 ,god :5 !y d n    
speak bett] ?an !y c\ld ) rhetoric or   
eloqu5ce4 ,x is ! influ5ce ( _m1 n ( "o2
 yet ( c]ta9 lead]s :o are ! organs (   

?is impression1 & ( ! human entity made 
( _m :o 9 communion become "o4 ,!       
self-control ( x brea!s p[]1 & pr9ciple1
 & c\rage4 ,"o w\ld expect a ,quak]     
meet+ to ex]t an imp]i\s rule ^u !      
community4 ,x is an expression ( !      
maje/y ( an ideal4 ,i believe t ! ,quak]
 ,hill meet+ has be5 able to accompli%  
:atev] x has put its h& to d4 ,! only   
pity is t ! meet+ tri$ to d s little4   
,! orig9al religi\s influ5ce (          
,quak]ism1 c>ri$ ?r\gh all *anges &     
trans=mation1 0 a pure & rel5tless      
individualism4 ,x 0 ! doctr9e t ! ,_s ( 
,god is 9 e he>t ( man1 absolutely e "o2
 resi/$ inde$ by "s1 b giv5 to ea* &    
all4 ,) hone/ consi/5cy x mu/ be said1 !
 ,quak]s appli$ ?is--& ?is x 0 !y did   
apply--to ! /atus ( wom51 to ! "q (     
slav]y1 to ! civic relations ( m54 ,?is 
x 0 t made ,fox & ,p5n refuse to d(f _! 
hats be=e judge1 or titl$ "l1 or ! k+   
himself4  ,! "* ( ! common m9d ( !      
community has be5 mu* influ5c$ by ! fact
 t ! ,quak]s made no use ( color1 =m &  

music ei!r 9 wor%ip or 9 private life2 t
 !y also idealiz$ ! abs5ce ( ^!4 ,!y    
made x a matt] ( noble devotion4 ,9 no?+
 d local traditions ab\nd m ?an 9 /ories
 ( ! /]n repression ( ! ae/hetic        
in/9cts4 ,"o anci5t ,quak]ess1 com+ to !
 well-set table at a w$d+1 9 ! old days1
 beheld !re a bun* ( fl[]s ( gay colors1
 & w\ld n sit d[n until !y 7 remov$4    
,nor c\ld ! fea/ g on until ! *ange 0   
effect$4 ,s great 0 ! p[] ( au?ority1   
work+ 9 ! grooves ( mak+ believe1 t ^?  
:o might h tol]at$ ! b\quet 9 sil5ce1 z 
well z ^? :o _h s5sations ( pleasure 9  
x1 support$ h] opposition4  ,i h spok5  
else:]e ( ! effect ( ?is c5tury-long    
repression & ignor+ ( ! ae/hetic        
movem5ts ( ! human _s1 9 bank+ ! fires (
 lit]>y culture 9 ?is population4 ,!    
pres5t g5]ation1 all inh]it+ ! examples 
( ance/ors rul$ 9 su* unfl9*+ rigor1 has
 9 none ( its social gr\p+ any true s5se
 ( color or ( ! beauty ( color4 ,nei!r 9
 ! g>m5ts ( ^? :o h laid (f ! ,quak]    
g>b1 nor 9 ! decorations ( ! h\ses is   

!re a lively s5se ( ! beauty ( color4   
,none ( ! wom5 ( ,quak] extraction has a
 s5se ( color 9 dress2 nor c any ( !m   
mat* or h>monize colors4 ,i except1 (   
c\rse1 ^? ^: clo?+ is directly "u !     
control ( ! city tailor or mill9]4 ,!   
g5]al effect ( co/ume & ( ! decorations 
( a room1 9 ! population :o get _! liv+ 
on ! ,hill1 is t ( gray tones1 & drab   
effects2 n m]e sev]ity is ! effect1 b   
pov]ty & want ( color4  ,9 =ms ( beauty 
!y "k & feel little m4 ,i d n ref] to ! 
lack ( appreciation ( ! elevations &    
slopes ( ?is ,hill itself--a con/ant    
delight to ! arti/ic eye4 ,f>m]s &      
labor]s might fail to appreciate a sc5e 
kn[n to !m s9ce *ildhood4 ,b !re is 9 ! 
,quak] bre$+1 :i* gives on c]ta9 sides (
 "* s true & f9e a culture a conspicu\s 
lack 9 ?is "o p>ticul>4  ,z to music1   
ev5 t ( simple/ melody1 x has come to ! 
,hill1 b x kn[s n ,joseph4 ,an eld]ly   
son ( ,quak]ism said3 ,y w f9d no ,quak]
 or son ( ! ,quak]s :o c s+2 if y d f9d 
"o :o c s+ a little1 x w be a limit$    

tal5t1 & y w unfail+ly discov] t he is  
p>tly desc5d$ f ! _w's p4  ,! effect (  
?is ae/hetic negation appe>s1 x seems to
 ! pres5t writ]1 9 a c]ta9 rud5ess or m 
precisely a c]ta9 lack 9 ! doma9 (      
mann]s1 outside ( ! int]e/s 9 :i*       
,quak]ism has giv5 s f9e a culture4 ,?is
 appe>s to be ke5ly felt by ! desc5dants
 ( ,fri5ds4 ,n 9 bus9ess matt]s2 = !y   
are made directors ( sav+s banks &      
corporations1 & tru/ees1 & ref]ees1 &   
executors ( e/ates1 9 all :i* places !y 
f9d !mselves at home4 ,nor is x a lack (
 dignity & composure 9 ! p>lor or at !  
table4 ,nor is x a lack ( s5se (        
propriety 9 meet+s ( wor%ip4 ,b x is 9  
matt]s e?ical1 civic & delib]ate1 & 9 ! 
free & discursive meet+s ( m51 9 :i* new
 & intricate que/ions are to arise2 9   
positions ( tru/1 9 :i* ! highe/        
consid]ations ( social responsibility   
con/itute ! tru/2 9 ^!1 ! m5 & wom5     
tra9$ 9 ,quak]ism are lack+ ?r\gh\t :ole
 areas ( ! m9d1 & lack+1 too1 9 e?ical  
/&>ds1 :i* c only appeal to ^? ^:       

exp]i5ce has f$ on a ri* div]sity (     
s\rces & di/9ctions4  ,9 ?is ,i speak   
only ( ! ,quak] gr\p & ( ^? :o h be5 "u 
its full influ5ce4 ,x does n apply to ! 
,iri% ,ca?olics1 nor to ! incom]s f !   
city4 ,! ,quak]s & _! *ildr5 lack       
precisely ^? elem5ts ( ae/hetic bre$+   
:i* w\ld be legitimately d]iv$ f        
contemplation & enjoym5t ( beauty aside 
f e?ical values4 ,e?ical beauty1 divorc$
 f pure beauty1 a /]n1 b>e1 grim beauty 
!y h1 & _! *ildr5 & employees h4 ,b !y h
 little s5se ( ord] 9 matt]s t d n      
proce$ to ! ends ( money-mak+1 h\sekeep+
 & wor%ip4 ,!y d n seem to possess      
in/9ctive f]tility ( moral res\rce4 ,x  
may be due to o!r s\rces z well1 b x    
seems to ! pres5t writ] t ! moral d5sity
 %[n by "s ( ^! bir?right ,quak]s1 ^u   
matt]s outside ( _! wont$ & trodd5      
e?ical t]ritories1 is due to _! long    
refusal to recognize ae/hetic values1 & 
to see discrim9ations 9 ! field 9 :i*   
e?ics & ae/hetics are int]wov54  ,!y    
made r$ & purple to be morally wrong1   

idealiz+ ! pla9ness ( _! uncultur$      
ance/ry1 & sweet s\nds !y exclud$ f _!  
e>s1 decl>+ !m to be evil noises1       
because !y w\ld set up ! boori%ness (   
simple folk ( old "t z some?+ noble &   
exalt$1 mak+ believe t su* ae/hetic lack
 0 real self-d5ial & unworldl9ess4 ,x is
 n surpris+ t 9 a rip] age ( ! _w1 aft] 
lifetimes ( ?is idealization ( peasant  
/ates ( m9d1 _! *ildr5 f9d !mselves     
morally & m5tally unprep>$ = !          
responsibilities ( citiz5%ip1 ( high    
e?ical tru/ & ( ! v>i$ ways ( a moral   
_w1 ^: exi/5ce _! fa!rs made believe to 
ignore & d5y4  ,wom5 h always occupi$ 9 
,quak]ism a place !oretically equal to t
 ( ! m51 9 bus9ess & religi\s affairs4  
,george ,fox & 8 successors decl>$ m5 & 
wom5 equal1 inasmu* z ! ,div9e ,_s is 9 
e human s\l4  ,aft] ! influ5ce ( ! e>ly 
,fri5ds ceas$1 ! place ( woman began to 
be circumscrib$ by new rules1 &         
cry/alliz$ 9 a reaction "u ! influ5ce ( 
purely social =ces2 s t ?is mo/ s5sible 
p made wom5 equal to m5 9 meet+s & 9    

religi\s legislation ?r\gh a =m ( sexual
 taboo4  ,foll[+ ! cu/om ( _m e>ly      
,engli% meet+ h\ses1 ! m5 & wom5 sat    
ap>t1 ! m5 on "o side ( ! middle aisle1 
& ! wom5 on ! o!r1 s t m5 & wom5 7 n    
equals 9 ! individuali/ s5se1 z !y are =
 in/ance1 9 ! practice & !ory (         
,socialism1 b 7 equals 9 sep>ate        
gr\p-life2 to ea* sex1 gr\p$ ap>t f !   
o!r1 equal functions 7 suppos$ to be    
delegat$4 ,oblong ,meet+ ,h\se1 on      
,quak] ,hill1 _h seats = two hundr$ &   
fifty p on ! gr\nd floor1 & 9 ! gall]y =
 "o hundr$ & fifty m4 ,! m5's side 0    
sep>at$ f ! wom5's1 ( equal size &      
ext5t1 by wood5 curta9s1 :i* c\ld be    
rais$ or l[]$2 s t ! :ole build+ c\ld be
 "o auditorium1 ) gall]ies2 or ! curta9s
 c\ld be s l[]$ t no man on ! gr\nd     
floor c\ld see any woman unless %e be a 
speak] on ! fac+ seats2 nor c\ld any "y 
p]son 9 ! gall]y see any "o ( ! opposite
 sex2 yet a speak] c\ld be he>d 9 all   
p>ts4 ,! curta9s c\ld be s fix$1 also1 t
 two indep5d5t meet+s c\ld be held1 ea* 

9 a sep>ate auditorium1 ev5 ! speak]s   
be+ sep>at$ f "o ano!r4  ,x 0 ! cu/om = 
wom5 to h delegat$ to !m c]ta9 religi\s 
functions1 at ,mon?ly ,meet+ & ,qu>t]ly 
& ,ye>ly ,meet+s1 on :i* !y delib]at$1  
be=e submitt+ !m to ! :ole meet+4 ,?is  
old ,oblong ,meet+ ,h\se is a mute      
record & symbol ( ! c5tury-old conte/ ( 
! ,puritan _s among ! old ,quak]s1 /riv+
 = an inflexibly "r relation betwe5 !   
sexes4 ,!y atta9$ _! ends ?r\gh !       
creation ( a community1 b n until !     
community dissolv$4  ,! position ( woman
 among ,fri5ds is ano!r eloqu5t tribute 
to ! two-fold deal+ ( ,quak]ism ) wom54 
,%e is man's equal1 b %e is man's       
greate/ s\rce ( dang]4 ,%e mu/ be on a  
p> ) him1 b %e mu/ be ap>t f him4 ,!    
relations ( m5 & wom5 are !re=e v       
int]e/+4 ,9 doctr9al matt]s1 9          
discussion1 9 prea*+ & te/ify+1 m5 &    
wom5 are equal1 & ! respect t a man has 
= 8 wife or si/] or neighbor woman1 9 ^!
 functions ( a dev\t sort is l t he has 
= ano!r man4 ,g5]ally ! m5 ( ! ,quak]   

s*ool ( influ5ce believe z a matt] (    
c\rse 9 ! intellectual & juri/ic        
equality ( wom5 ) m52 & 9 ! religi\s    
equality ( ! individual woman ) !       
individual man4 ,b 9 ! practical arts & 
9 bus9ess a woman is a woman & a man is 
a man4 ,"h ! wom5 are re/rict$ by       
conv5tion to h\sekeep+1 :i* on l>ge f>ms
 is q en\gh = !m2 & ! m5 h ! outdoor    
life1 ! trad+1 & ! ga9ful               
occupations--except ! bo>d+ ( city p4   
,!re is no especial respect = ! manag+  
woman :o runs a f>m2 ! community expects
 su* a woman to fail4  ,moreov]1 betwe5 
! sexes !re is no cam>ad]ie1 no         
companion%ip ( an intellectual sort     
betwe5 husb& & wife1 no free ex*ange (  
ideas except 9 circles made up ( !      
memb]s ( "o sex4 ,9 any public meet+ !  
m5 habitually sit ap>t f _! wives & f ! 
wom5 memb]s ( _! families1 ev5 ?\gh !   
audi5ces be n bilat]ally halv$4  ,!     
orbits ( man's & woman's lives are      
sep>ate1 ?\gh ea* ascribes to !         
individuals ( ! o!r sex an e?ical &     

religi\s p>ity4 ,! effect is se5 9 !    
dim9i%+ ( ! numb]s ( m5 on ! ,hill1 9 ! 
gr\p-life ( ! wom51 & 9 ! type ( woman4 
,x may be well to consid] ^! 9 rev]se   
ord]4  ,! individual ,quak] ,hill woman1
 s f> z %e diff]s f wom5 g5]ally1 may be
 describ$ z a woman almo/ p]fectly      
con=m$ to type1 pres5t+ few] v>iations  
?an else:]e1 ei!r 9 ! =m ( y\?ful       
prett9esses & follies1 or 9 ! /r5u\s    
op9ion ( mature ye>s4 ,%e is nei!r a    
flirt z a girl1 nor a radical z a woman4
 ,color has n yet come into h] maid5ly  
days1 nor viol5ce ( op9ion into h]      
womanly ye>s4 ,%e affects nei!r fa%ion  
nor intellectual ecc5tricity4 ,yet %e   
atta9s to a bett] av]age ( reasonable1  
s5sible action ?an %e c\ld o!rwise d4   
,%e kn[s less ( ! impulsive1 emotional  
prett9ess ( adolesc5ce ?an wom5 ( o!r   
c\ntry communities1 & 9 lat] ye>s gives 
h]self less to intellectual vag>ies4    
,wom5's rights are e/abli%$ on ! ,hill2 
x is impossible to be /r5u\s ab\t !m4   
,! num]\s gr\p+s & associations ( wom5  

are especially int]e/+ 9 view ( ! fact t
 ! m5 ( ! ,hill h no associations       
:atev]1 n[ t ! /ores are clos$2 & are   
assembl$ 9 no fix$ gr\p+s4 ,x has nev]  
be5 possible1 s f> z records g1 to      
ma9ta9 a society ( m5 on ! ,hill4 ,9 !  
e>ly "p ( ! p]iod "u /udy a lit]>y &    
debat+ society 0 organiz$1 ) social     
attractions2 b x 0 feeble & %ort-liv$4  
,!re are n en\gh lead]s among ! m5 to   
make su* gr\p-life possible4 ,!y are    
relat$ by ties ( labor1 r ?an (         
class-frat]nity2 & !y h nev] acquir$ any
 int]e/ common to _! sex to assemble !m 
9 gr\ps & companies2 ! discipl9e ( !    
religion kn[n to ! ,hill has disc\rag$ &
 outlaw$ x4  ,?is contra/ may h some?+  
to d ) ! dep>ture ( m5 f ! ,hill4 ,s    
long z ! /ores 7 9 op]ation1 at         
,t(fey's1 ,ak9's1 & ,m]ritt's places1 ! 
m5 c\ld meet !re1 & _h 9 _! assembl+ a  
natural gr\p-life1 :i* satisfi$ _m )    
life 9 ! c\ntry4 ,b ) ! clos+ ( ! /ores 
aft] ! com+ ( ! railroad 9 #ahdi1 ?is   
also fail$1 & ! m5 hav+ no capacity =   

g5]al association ) "o ano!r1 & few     
int]e/s possess$ 9 common ) ! wom51 h   
be5 ! m impell$ to leave ! ,hill4       
,economic advantage _h only to be z good
 else:]e1 & ! man emigrat$4 ,i h n kn[n 
^? :o h left ! place1 9 my k ( x1 to    
give z a reason inability to make a good
 liv+ !re2 b always !y h spok5 mo/      
emphatically ( ! b>5ess & lack ( int]e/ 
9 ! social life ( ! ,hill z _! reason = 
emigrat+ to ! city or l>ge t[n4     ,"p 
,,iii4  ,! ,mix$ ,community1 f #ahhj to 
! ,pres5t4     ,,*apt] ,i4  ,,demotic   
,,composition4   ,!re are n9ety-?ree    
dwell+s on ,quak] ,hill1 z def9$ above1 
& illu/rat$ 9 ,map ,,ii4 ,! %ad$ area   
alone is ref]r$ to "h z ! area prop] to 
! t]m ,quak] ,hill4 ,9 ^! dwell+s live  
f\r hundr$ & five p]sons4 ,?is gives a  
d5sity ( population ( #bf4ffg p] squ>e  
mile4 ,9 ! summ] mon?s ( ,july & ,augu/ 
!re come to ! ,hill at lea/ five hundr$ 
& n9ete5 m1 increas+ ! d5sity (         
population to m ?an #fa p] squ>e mile4  
,!re is a /eady emigration f ! ,hill1   

due to ! dep>ture ( work+-p & _!        
families 9 se>* ( bett] economic        
opportunities4 ,?is has 9 t5 ye>s remov$
 ?irty-n9e p]sons4 ,dea? has remov$ or  
occasion$ ! removal ( tw5ty-sev5 m1 :ile
 only ?ree h be5 remov$ by m>riage4     
,ov] aga9/ ?is !re has be5 an           
immigration 9 ! ye>s #ahie-aije ( ?irty 
p]sons2 ( :om elev5 h come 9 to labor1 &
 n9ete5 = resid5ce on _! own prop]ty4   
,!re 7 resid5t 9 #aije on ,quak] ,hill !
 foll[+ social-economic classes3        
,pr(essional m51 ?ree2 "o m9i/]1 two    
arti/s2 weal?y bus9ess m51 ?ree2 f>m]s1 
?irty-eight2 labor]s1 =ty 7heads (      
h\ses74  ,!re 7 fifty-?ree bir?s 9 t5   
ye>s1 #ahie-aije1 ( :i* f\rte5 7 9 !    
families ( prop]ty-own]s1 & ?irty-n9e 9 
families ( t5ants4 ,!re 7 9 ^! t5 ye>s  
?irty-"o dea?s1 ( :i* tw5ty-five 7 9 !  
families ( prop]ty-own]s1 & only six 9  
^? ( t5ants4 ,?us ! t5ant class1 b\nd to
 ! community by no ties ( prop]ty1      
contribut$ #gc p] c5t4 ( ! bir?s & only 
#bj p] c5t4 ( ! dea?s1 :ile ! prop]ty   

hold]s suff]$ #hj p] c5t4 ( ! dea?s & 7 
increas$ by only #bf4d p] c5t4 ( !      
bir?s4 ,! numb] ( p]sons 9 ! families ( 
prop]ty hold]s 9 #aije 0 #ahd1 & 9 ^? ( 
t5ants #bba4 ,^! are z "o to "o &       
"o-fif?4 ,?is diff]5ce is n en\gh to    
acc\nt = ! great disp>ity 9 bir?s &     
dea?s betwe5 ! two classes ( families4  
,=1 all[+ = ?is diff]5ce1 bir?s are two 
& "o-?ird times z num]\s 9 ! work+ &    
l&less class z among ! l&[n]s2 & dea?s  
are almo/ ?ree & a half times z _m among
 ! l&hold]s z among _! s]vants & t5ants4
  ,! pres5t population ( ! ,hill is ( a 
composition :i* is expla9able by        
migration1 & by ! effect ( ! topography 
( ! ,hill ^u t population4 ,!re is e    
evid5ce t be=e ! com+ ( ! railroad 9    
#ahdi ! population 0 unifi$1 & !        
community fre] ( neighborhood gr\p+s4 ,!
 li/s ( cu/om]s :o trad$ at ,daniel     
,m]ritt's /ore1 giv5 9 ,app5dix ,b ( ?is
 volume1 indicates ! c5t]+ on ! ,hill ( 
a wide economic life4 ,e record &       
tradition ( a religi\s sort indicates t 

! ,oblong ,meet+ ,h\se 0 also ! c5t] ( a
 religi\s community z wide-spread z !   
bus9ess ( ! /ores4 ,! ,hill 0 "o        
neighborhood until #ahbh1 :5 ! ,division
 ( ! ,meet+ occurr$2 & #ahdi1 :5 !      
railroad came to ,pawl+4 ,x is n n[ "o  
neighborhood4 ,?ree gr\p+s ( h\seholds  
may be disc]n$1 r\ghly designat$ ,!     
,nor? ,end1 ,quak] ,hill ,prop]1 & ,w+'s
 ,corn]s4 ,! second ( ^!1 be+ ! t]ritory
 mo/ "u scrut9y 9 ,"p ,,iii1 might aga9 
be divid$ into ! t]ritory up by ! ,meet+
 ,h\se1 & t d[n by ,mizz5-,top4 ,!      
difficulty "o exp]i5ces 9 nam+ ^! gr\p+s
 ( h\ses is a tok5 ( ! indef9it5ess ( ^!
 divisions4 ,!y are acc5tuat$ by ev5ts  
occurr+ 9 ! m rec5t hi/ory ( ! ,hill4 ,!
 old] hi/ory :i* %apes ! consci\sness ( 
! community does n "k ^! neighborhood   
divisions4 ,yet ! *ange ( ! emphasis (  
travel to ! roads runn+ ea/ & we/1 f ^? 
nor? & s\?1 has sep>at$ ^! neighborhoods
 f "o ano!r4 ,! ,nor? ,end1 !re=e1 is   
compos$ ( ^? h\seholds betwe5 ,sites #a 
& #ae1 :o g to ! village ( ,pawl+ =     

trad+ & to take ! c>s1 along ! road :i* 
passes ,sites #af to #ah4 ,!y include   
,hamm]sley ,lake & ,hurd's ,corn]s 9 _! 
int]e/s4  ,! ,middle ,di/ance1 or z ,i  
w\ld call x ,! ,meet+ ,h\se             
,neighborhood1 is compos$ ( ^? h\seholds
 f ,sites #ba to #da2 ! ,hotel          
,neighborhood1 ( ^? f ,site #db to #ie2 
& ^! all1 :e!r reg>d$ z "o or z two     
sections1 g habitually to ! village by !
 ,mizz5-,top road1 pa/ ,sites #ii &     
#aac4  ,w+'s ,corn] is prop]ly ! "n (   
,site #ajj1 b x may s]ve = a title ( !  
s\!rn neighborhood f ,site #abb to #ajd4
 ,f ?is neighborhood all travel to !    
valley by ! road we/w>d f ! ,corn]s4  ,!
 ,nor? ,end & ,w+'s ,corn]s are settl$  
almo/ entirely by ,am]icans1 & until )9 
! pa/ two ye>s1 by families d]iv$ f !   
orig9al population4 ,quak] ,hill ,prop] 
is ! place ( resid5ce ( !               
,iri%-,am]icans4 ,x has be5 also ! place
 ( resid5ce ( ! la/ ( ! ,quak]s dur+ !  
p]iod1 j clos$1 ( ! ,mix$ ,community4 ,x
 is also ! t]ritory 9 :i* l& has !      

highe/ value4 ,"h also are ! resid5ces (
 all ! p]sons ( exceptional weal?4  ,!  
community mo/ *]i%es ! c5tral t]ritory1 
ly+ ^u ! two miles ( road betwe5 !      
,mizz5-,top ,hotel & ! ,meet+ ,h\se1 &  
ext5d+ beyond ^! po9ts & on ei!r h&     
"o-half mile4 ,)9 ?is area l& is        
nom9ally held at a ?\s& doll>s an acre4 
,! proximate causes ( demotic           
composition1 says ,pr(essor ,gidd+s1#cc 
are organic v>iation & migration4 ,!    
ultimate causes are to be look$ = 9 !   
*>act]i/ics ( ! physical environm5t4 ,! 
,quak] ,hill population1 drawn orig9ally
 f a common s\rce1 0 9 #ahbh p]fectly   
homog5e\s4 ,! v int5sity ( ! communal   
life _h effect$ ! elim9ation ( /range & 
o!r elem5ts1 & pres]v$ only ! ,quak]s1 &
 ^? :o c\ld live ) ! ,quak]s4 ,s9ce     
#ahdi ?is population has become         
increas+ly het]og5e\s4 ,x is n yet a    
bl5d$ /ock4 ,!re is b little vital      
mixture ( ! elem5ts ent]+ into social & 
economic union "h4 ,!y d n g5]ally      
int]m>ry4 ,!y are relat$ only by        

economic facts & by religi\s sympa?ies1 
s t ! effect ( organic v>iation does n  
yet appe> among !m4 ,b 9 ?is *apt] !    
effect ( immigration w be indicat$4  ,! 
influ5ce ( ! physical environm5t is     
wor?y ( brief notice4 ,betwe5 "o & ano!r
 ( ! ?ree neighborhoods lie /ret*es (   
l&1 ne>ly a mile wide1 valu$ less highly
 ?an t on :i* ! clu/]s ( h\ses /&4 ,9 ! 
days be=e ! railroad1 ! population pass$
 ov] ?is t]ritory to ! c5t]s ( !        
community 9 ! ?ree /ores at ,t(fey's1   
,ak9's & ,muritt's places1 & to ! ,meet+
 ,h\se4 ,b ) ! necessity ( driv+ we/w>d 
to ! railway1 ! /ret*es ( road pass+    
poor] l& _h dim9i%$ use1 & ! clu/]s (   
h\seholds1 once closely relat$1 ceas$ to
 int]*ange reactions & s]vices2 s a     
segregation ( neighborhoods began1 :i*  
is increas+ ) "t4  ,! li/ ( memb]s ( !  
,meet+ 9 ,app5dix ,a1 & t ( cu/om]s ( "o
 ( ! /ores 9 ,app5dix ,b1 w s]ve to %[ !
 ext5t ( ! community1 religi\s &        
economic1 9 ! eighte5? c5tury4 ,a /eady 
%r9kage has drawn 9 ! m>g9s ( ?is       

communal life4 ,at ?is date ,quak] ,hill
 receives no tribute f any out]         
t]ritory2 & might be conf9$ to ! limits 
( ,quak] ,hill ,prop]1 z "s inde$ call !
 ,middle ,di/ance4 ,! pres5t writ]1 :ile
 n s limit+ ! ,hill1 has omitt$ bo?     
,bur* ,hill to ! s\? & ! /ret*es t[>d   
,webatuck to ! nor?1 :i* lie 9 o!r t[ns4
  ,j a ^w ab\t neighborhood "*4 ,!re is 
no especial "* localiz$ 9 ! ,w+'s       
,corn]s neighborhood4 ,! c5tral t]ritory
 has be5 fully describ$ 9 ?is book1 &   
especially 9 ! *apt]s on ,! ,common     
,m9d1 & ,practical ,diff]5ces &         
,resemblances4 ,! ,nor? ,end is ! mo/   
isolat$ ( any neighborhood includ$ )9 ! 
,hill population4 ,its families are less
 directly d]iv$ f ,quak] /ock4 ,! old]  
,quak] families once liv+ !re h         
disappe>$4 ,x is a g5ial1 k9dly1 *atty  
neighborhood1 )\t ! exalt$ s5se ( pa/   
importance or ( pres5t day pre/ige :i*  
affects ! mann]s ( ,quak] ,hill ,prop]4 
,x has1 moreov]1 none ( ! ,iri%-,am]ican
 resid5ts1 & until rec5tly no ,new ,york

 families4 ,! sev5 family gr\ps resid5t 
9 ^! fifte5 h\ses h be5 long acqua9t$1 &
 h become us$ to "o ano!r4 ,a k9dly1    
tol]ant feel+ prevails4 ,gossip is n    
=bidd54 ,/&>ds ( conduct are n /ret*$ ^u
 high ideals1 & a pref]5ce = enjoym5ts  
%[s itself 9 a great] leisure & a lax]  
indu/ry ?an 9 ! c5tral portion ( !      
,hill4  ,! great] di/ance f ! railway   
also =bids "s ( ! activities ( ,quak]   
,hill ,prop]4 ,! milk wagon :i* 9       
#ahic-ahii 0 driv5 ea* day f ,site #a to
 ! railway1 ga!r+ up ! milk cans on !   
successive f>ms1 has be5 discont9u$1 & 9
 w9t] ! road betwe5 ,sites #ae & #ba is 
(t5 block$ ) sn[ = weeks4 ,! resid5t at 
,site #c has = ab\t tw5ty ye>s ma9ta9$ a
 slaught]-h\se & a wagon = ! sale (     
meat1 us+ 8 l& = fatt+ cattle & %eep1 & 
sell+ ! meat along two r\tes4 ,! resid5t
 at ,site #ae ma9ta9s a fi%-wagon1 buy+ 
8 fi% at ! railways & sell+ at ! h\ses  
along select$ r\tes1 ?r\gh ! summ]4 ,!  
o!r resid5ts foll[ ! div]sifi$ f>m+1    
bas$ on graz+1 :i* 9 ?is c\ntry includes

 fatt+ ( calves & pigs1 rais+ ( p\ltry &
 o!r small agricultural indu/ries4 ,"o  
family only 9 ?is neighborhood takes    
bo>d]s 9 ! summ]4  ,! peculi> religi\s  
"* ( ,quak] ,hill _h by #ahhj drawn 9   
its m>g9s to ,quak] ,hill ,prop]1 ?\gh !
 population 9 ^! outly+ neighborhoods _h
 a passive acquiesc5ce 9 x4 ,!y /ill    
respond to ! activities :i* are c5t]$ 9 
! focal neighborhood4 ,( !mselves1 none 
( ^! neighborhoods orig9ates any        
religi\s activity4  ,9 ?is connection   
m5tion %\ld be made ( ! ,connecticut    
neighborhood kn[n z ,coburn1 9 :i* a    
c]ta9 relation to ,quak] ,hill has      
always be5 ma9ta9$4 ,x is n "h reg>d$ z 
a ,quak] ,hill neighborhood4 ,its       
*>act]i/ics are ^? ( ,connecticut1 & its
 traditions are n ,quak]1 9 a pure s5se2
 b ,quak] ,hill has influ5c$ x n a      
little1 religi\sly4 ,9 ,coburn rema9s a 
measurable deposit ( ,quak] ,hill       
population4  ,among ! *anges wr\ght by !
 railroad 0 ! introduction ( new social 
elem5ts into ! community4 ,! ,quak]     

population _h become divid$ into ri* &  
poor1 b all 7 ( ! same g5]al /ock4 ,!   
p>5ts ( all _h ! same exp]i5ce to       
relate4 ,_! fa!rs _h come to ,quak]     
,hill 9 ! e>ly or middle "p ( ! eighte5?
 c5tury1 _h endur$ toge!r ! h>d%ips (   
pione] days1 _h kn[n ! unity ( ,quak]   
discipl9e = "o hundr$ ye>s1 & _h held   
loyally to ! ideas & /&>ds ( ,quak]ism4 
,) ! approa* ( ! railroad came ,iri%    
labor]s1 :o settl$ fir/ 9 ! valley bel[1
 g5]ally 9 ! limits ( ,pawl+ village1 & 
lat] came on ! ,hill z work]s on ! f>ms 
9 ! new =ms ( dairy indu/ry to :i* !    
f>m]s 7 /imulat$ by ! railroad4 ,?is    
immigration cont9u$ f #ahdj until #ahfj4
 ,9 t "t1 a p]iod ( ab\t tw5ty ye>s1 !re
 came labor]s = almo/ all ! f>m]s on !  
,hill4 ,i am in=m$ t 9 ! decade foll[+ !
 ,civil ,w> ! "w on all ! f>ms1 f ,w+'s 
corn] to ! ,nor? ,end1 0 done by "y     
,iri%m54  ,! fir/ ,iri%m5 ( ?is         
immigration ^: names appe> ^u ! tax-li/s
 ( ! t[n ( ,pawl+ are ,ow5 & ,patrick   
,d5any1 :o are assess$ ^u "o hundr$     

acres 9 #ahde1 ! l& ^u :i* !y fir/      
settl$ be+ 9 ! we/]n "p ( ! t[n4 ,^! two
 bro!rs came be=e ! railroad 0 ext5d$ to
 ,pawl+1 9 #ahdj4 ,9 #ahfg ,patrick mov$
 to ,quak] ,hill & b\ght a place1 midway
 betwe5 ,sites #abh & #aca4 ,?omas      
,guil%an 9 #aheh & ye>s foll[+ 0 tax$ ^u
 n9e acres1 ! l& ^u :i* 8 wid[ /ill     
lives1 at ,site #ic4 ,john ,brady liv$ =
 ye>s at ,site #ga1 & 9 a h\se n[ remov$
 except = traces ( a cell>1 ab\t fifty  
feet s\!a/ ( ! ,ak9 ,free ,libr>y1 liv$ 
,*>les ,ki]nan4 ,among ! e>lie/ ,iri%   
,ca?olics came ,james ,cullom & ,m>g>et1
 8 wife1 :o acquir$ l& at ,site #cd4    
,o!r names ( ! e>li] ,iri% g5]ations are
 ,hugh ,cl>k1 :o acquir$ l& at ,site    
#aaf1 ,james ,rooney1 ,f]gus ,fahey1    
,james ,doyle1 ,kate ,le>y1 ,james      
,hopp]1 :o settl$ 9 ,pawl+ or ,hurd's   
,corn]1 & ,david ,burns1 :o became a    
l&[n] at ,site #aag4  ,! ,iri% ,ca?olics
 e>ly diff]5tiat$ into two classes1 only
 "o ( :i*1 ) _! *ildr51 rema9s to !     
pres5t day4 ,!re 7 ! loose-foot$ fell[s1

 :o foll[$ ! railroad1 work$ = seasons  
on ! f>ms1 drift$ on ) ! r5ewal ( dem& =
 railroad labor]s1 & disappe>$ f !      
,hill4 ,_! places 7 tak51 9 ! ye>s      
foll[+ #ahhj1 by ,am]ican labor]s1 & a v
 few o!r =eign]s1 ( :om ,i w speak bel[4
 ,! o!r class ( ,iri% ,ca?olics s\ght to
 own l&4 ,! details giv5 above indicate 
_! promptness 9 acquir+ int]e/ 9 ! soil4
 ,f !m has be5 recruit$ almo/ all !     
pres5t ,ca?olic population ( ! ,hill1   
:i* 9 #aije am\nt$ 9 all to tw5ty-five  
h\seholds & "o hundr$ p]sons4  ,:]eas ! 
e>ly immigration ( ,iri% work$ 9 all !  
dairies f "o end ( ! ,hill to ! o!r1 !  
l& own$ by ,iri%-,am]icans n[ is all 9 !
 c5tral portion ( ! ,hill1 )9 a radius (
 "o mile f ,mizz5-,top ,hotel4 ,)9 ?is  
mile also all ! ,iri% labor]s employ$ on
 ! ,hill are at "w4 ,!y are employ$ ab\t
 ! ,hotel1 on ! places ( ! weal?i]      
l&[n]s ( ! ,hill1 & 9 su* indep5d5t     
trades z /one-mason1 blacksmi? or       
:eelwright4 ,only an occasional         
,iri%-,am]ican is f\nd among ! hir$ h&s 

on ! dairy f>ms4  ,9 contra/ to !       
indiff]5ce ( ! orig9al population ( !   
t[n to education1 x is wor?y ( note t ! 
gr&son ( an ,iri%-,am]ican nam$ above   
promises at ?is writ+ to be ! fir/ y\?  
born 9 ! t[n to graduate f a high]      
in/itution ( le>n+1 be+ 9 8 la/ ye> at  
,we/ ,po9t4  ,! ,iri% population :o h   
rema9$ on ! ,hill are s+ul>ly homog5e\s1
 & ?or\ghly imbu$ ) ! _s ( ! place4 ,9 !
 *apt] on ,! ,ideals ( ! ,new ,quak]ism1
 ,i h comm5t$ on ,iri% acquisition ( a  
"* l t ( ! ,quak]s4 ,! g5tl5ess ( mann]1
 ! quickness ( social sympa?y & !       
indu/ri\s quietness ( ! ,quak]s h come  
to be !irs4 ,yet !y are loyal ,ca?olics1
 & ) v few exceptions support _! ,*ur* 9
 ! village regul>ly4 ,_m ( !m :o h n    
conveyances h = ye>s employ$ a          
/age-driv] to transport !m on ,sunday   
morn+ to ,/4 ,b]n>d's ,*ur*4 ,?is *ur*  
has be5 built by ! ,iri% &              
,iri%-,am]icans4 ,at ! "t ( _! com+ 9   
#ahdj-ahej1 !re 0 no ,ca?olic *ur*1 & if
 y want$ to he> mass said1 y _h to drive

 to ,p\ghkeepsie4 ,lat]1 a t5t 0 erect$ 
= a "t1 = ! ,ca?olic s]vices1 !n a      
,bapti/ *ur* build+ 0 pur*as$4 ,?is     
build+ 0 de/roy$ by fire ab\t #ahge1 & !
 pres5t /ructure 9 ! village 0 erect$4  
,! ,ca?olic population ( ! ,hill is n[  
equal to ! ,quak] population1 !re be+ ( 
ea* tw5ty-five h\seholds2 ! old & ! new4
 ,b ea* has gone ?r\gh /rik+ *anges s9ce
 ! ,ca?olics came1 sixty ye>s ago4 ,:5  
,i 0 a boy1 says a prom95t              
,iri%-,am]ican1 y c\ld h>dly see ! road 
"h = ! c>riages & ! du/1 all ( !m       
,quak]s go+ to ! ,old ,meet+ ,h\se1 on  
,sunday1 or to ,qu>t]ly ,meet+4 ,b n[ !y
 are all gone4 ,! religi\s fai?fulness (
 ^? ,fri5ds ( two g5]ations ago has     
desc5d$ ^u no "p ( ! population m fully 
?an ^u ! h&ful ( ,ca?olic families1 :o  
n[ drive to ,pawl+ e ,sunday 9 great    
wagon-loads1 :ile ! memb]s ( ! ,quak]   
h\seholds h clos$ _! meet+ h\ses =ev]4  
,( ! ,iri%-,ca?olic population "h       
describ$ only elev5 are ,iri% born4 ,!  
re/1 ab\t n9ety 9 numb]1 are ,am]ican   

born ( ,iri% p>5ts4  ,! o!r elem5ts :o h
 be5 adopt$ into ! ,quak] ,hill         
population are small 9 numb] 9 comp>ison
 ) ! ,iri%4 ,!y are among ! work+ p1 "o 
,swiss1 two ,poles1 :o h b\ght small    
places at ,sites #db & #ge1             
respectively2 & two ,new ,york ladies :o
 ab\t #ahij pur*as$ places at ,sites #da
 & #ce1 :o h become a /rong influ5ce1   
be+ socially & religi\sly 9 sympa?y ) ! 
orig9al ,quak] population4 ,_! influ5ce 
is describ$ 9 ! *apt] ^u ,! ,common ,m9d
 ( ! ,mix$ ,community4 ,pur*ases ( l& h 
be5 made 9 ! ye>s #aije-aijg1 m ?an 9 ! 
prec$+ decade1 by p]sons com+ f outside 
! ,quak] ,hill population1 all ( ! buy]s
 be+ f ,new ,york ,city4 ,^! pur*ases   
are all ^u ! out] fr+es ( ! ,hill       
t]ritory1 at ,sites #ajg1 #ajh1 #aaa1   
#aah1 9 ! s\?we/]n "p1 & ,sites #f & #aj
 9 ! ,nor? ,end1 & 9 ! ,coburn          
neighborhood1 ,sites #hh & o!rs ne> !   
,meet+ ,h\se1 ,site #aci4 ,! l& 9 !     
c5tral section has *ang$ h&s1 9 ! ye>s  
#ahij-aijg1 only ?r\gh ! increase 9 !   

hold+s ( ^? :o own$ l>ge e/ates be=e !  
p]iod ( ! ,mix$ ,community4   #cc       
,descriptive & ,hi/orical ,sociology1 p4
 #aah4     ,,*apt] ,,ii4  ,,! ,,economy 
,,( ,,h\se ,,& ,,field4   ,! hospitality
 ( ! ,quak]s is wor?y ( a treatise1 n ( 
! critical ord]1 b poetic & imag9ative4 
,x _c be describ$ 9 m]e social analysis4
 ,x has gr[n out ( _! :ole ord] ( life1 
& expresses _! religi\s view1 z well z  
_! economic habits4 ,i %[$ 9 ,*apt]     
,,vii1 ,"p ,i1 t ! hospitality ( !      
,fri5ds acquir$ religi\s importance f _!
 belief t 9 e man is ! ,_s ( ,god4 ,) ! 
simplicity1 & direct adh]5ce to a few   
tru?s1 :i* *>act]iz$ ! e>ly ,fri5ds ?is 
belief 0 practic$1 & became "o ( !      
religi\s cu/oms ( ! ,society4 ,!y       
ent]ta9$ travell]s1 especially su* z 7 (
 ! h\sehold ( fai?4 ,!y made x a        
religi\s t5et to h\se & welcome ,fri5ds 
travell+ on tru?'s acc\nt4  ,) equal    
directness !y proce$$ fur!r to welcome e
 travell]1 & to endure (t5 ! intrusions 
( ^? :o w\ld n be desir$ z gue/s1       

because !y believ$ t su* might be act+  
by ! div9e impulse4  ,! hospitality1    
!re=e1 ( su* a community is v beautiful4
 ,= !y h _! ways ( ass]t+ !mselves1 9   
spite ( non-resi/ance4 ,!y op5 _! doors1
 !y set _! table1 ) a religi\s _s4 ,a   
?or\ghness *>act]izes all _! h\sehold   
arrangem5ts1 a grace is giv5 to all _!  
h\sekeep+1 :i* infuses an indescribable 
cont5t into ! exp]i5ces ( a gue/ 9 ^!   
homes4 ,_! hospitality to "o ano!r has  
be5 !re=e a p[]ful eng9]y = cont9u+ & = 
ext5d+ ! doma9s ( ,quak]ism4  ,on ,quak]
 ,hill ! liv+ g5]ations h kn[n ?is      
hospitality 9 two notable ways only1 9 !
 ,qu>t]ly ,meet+s1 & 9 ! trans=m$       
hospitality ( ! bo>d+-h\se4 ,! ,qu>t]ly 
,meet+ is n[ gone f ! ,hill4 ,bo? !     
,hicksite ,meet+1 :i* 0 laid d[n 9      
#ahhe1 & ! ,or?odox ,meet+1 :i* ceas$ to
 meet 9 #aije1 br\ght 9 _! day to !     
,hill1 once 9 ! ye>1 an inundation (    
gue/s1 :o /ay$ ?r\gh ! latt] days ( a   
week1 & !n w5t _! way1 to meet qu>t]ly  
?r\gh\t ! ye>1 b 9 o!r places1 until !  

season came aga9 = ,quak] ,hill4  ,!    
,quak] ,hill ,qu>t]ly 0 9 ,augu/1 & aft]
 hay+4 ,! roads 7 full ( ! ,quak]s go+  
up to ! ,meet+ ,h\se4 ,9 e ,quak] home  
!y 7 welcom$1 :e!r !y _h writt5 to      
ann\nce _! com+1 or :e!r !y _h n4 ,all  
?r\gh ! days ( ! ,meet+1 !y w\ld r5ew ! 
old ties1 & discuss ! pass+ ( !         
,society1 ! int]e/s ( ! ,k+dom1 z !y saw
 x1 ! ?+s ( ! _s4  ,!y meet no m4 ,9 !  
,qu>t]ly ,meet+1 :i* comprises ! ,mon?ly
 ,meet+s ( an area comp>able to ,dut*ess
 ,c\nty1 !re are /ill "s ,fri5ds1 & "s  
meet+s :i* are n laid d[n4 ,b !y come no
 m1 at ,qu>t]ly ,meet+ "t to ,quak]     
,hill4 ,_m ( ! old] memb]s are dead4 ,( 
! y\ng] memb]s _m h only a passive      
adh]5ce to ,quak]ism1 only suffici5t to 
excuse !m f undesirable worldl9ess1 & f 
irksome responsibility 9 o!r religi\s   
bodies4  ,! hospitality ( ! old ,quak]  
assembl+s has pass$ ov] into ! bus9ess (
 bo>d+ city p4 ,! same table is set1 !  
same welcome giv52 b to ! paid gue/4  ,!
 pass+ ( ! old hospitality ( ! ,fri5ds 0

 illu/rat$ 9 ! ye>s ( ! writ]'s resid5ce
 on ! ,hill1 9 ! p]son ( an old p$dl]1  
kn[n z ,*>les ,eagle4 ,x _h be5 ! anci5t
 cu/om to ent]ta9 any & e wayf>]2 &     
,eagle j\rney$ f ,s\? to ,nor? ab\t once
 a mon? 9 ! w>m] seasons1 = _m ye>s4 ,he
 _h enjoy$ ! ent]ta9m5t ( ! ,quak]s1    
foll[+ ! anci5t l9e ( _! settlem5ts     
along ! ,oblong1 & /opp+ ov]night 9 _!  
ample1 k9dly h\seholds4 ,he c>ri$ a pack
 on 8 back & ano!r l>ge bundle 9 8 h&4  
,8 pace 0 sl[1 l t ( an ox1 b untir+ &  
unre/+1 h\r aft] h\r4 ,8 p]son1 /urdy & 
%ort1 0 clo!d 9 ov]all /uff1 elaborately
 pat*$ & m5d$4 ,at fir/ sight x seem$ to
 be pat*$ f use & age2 b clos]          
inspection %[$ t ! pat*es 7 delib]ately 
sew$ on ! new mat]ial4 ,he wore a /raw  
hat 9 summ]1 decorat$ ) a bright ribbon1
 9 :i* 7 fl[]s 9 season4 ,he wore also a
 r$ wig1 ti$ "u 8 *9 ) a ribbon4 ,8 face
 0 l t ( an ,indian1 ) broad *eek-bones 
& small %ift+ eyes4  ,eagle 0 ,fr5*1 &  
pr(ess$ to be a refugee1 a p]son (      
int]e/ to =eign mon>*s4 ,on ! inn]      

wrapp+ ( 8 pack 0 writt5 l>ge1 ,vive le 
,napoleon6 ,vive la ,france6 ,vive6 ,he 
_h little hesitation ab\t speak+ (      
himself1 ?\gh always ) /ilt$ c\rtesy1 & 
always furtively4  ,he made a /udy (    
a/ronomy1 & e night w\ld ask 8 ho/ess1 )
 mu* apology b firm insi/5ce1 = a pit*] 
( wat]1 & = ! privilege t he might      
retire e>ly to 8 room1 op5 ! w9d[ & view
 ! />s4 ,/range to say1 9 ?is he 0 n    
m]ely ecc5tric2 = 8 read+ 0 ( ! late/   
books on ! sci5ce1 & he ex*ang$ ) ,ak9  
,hall ,libr>y a ,"y's ,a/ronomy = a     
,newcomb's1 9 #ahih4 ,he accompani$ !   
pres5tation ( ! lat] book1 9 :i* 0 !    
au?or's "n inscrib$ ) a note to ,mr4    
,eagle1 ) a demon/ration ( a !ory ( !   
,aurora ,borealis4  ,eagle nev] tri$ to 
sell 8 goods on ! ,hill1 & inde$ x is   
d\btful if he c>ri$ !m = any o!r purpose
 ?an to conceal 8 real commodities1 :i* 
7 wat*es4 ,( ^! he c>ri$ a good         
selection ( ! bett] & ( ! *eap] sorts1  
all conceal$ 9 ! c5t] ( 8 pack1 among   
impossible dry goods & v>i$ fancy w>es4 

,an attempt 0 made to rob him1 or at    
lea/ to annoy him1 by "s "y m52 & he %ot
 "o ( 8 assailants4 ,= ?is (f5ce he 01  
aft] trial1 s5t to ! ,asylum = !        
,crim9al ,insane4  ,8 e>li] j\rneys ov] 
! ,hill f\nd him a welcome gue/ at !    
,quak] homes4 ,b ! sub/itution ( bo>d+ =
 ! anci5t hospitality made ! p$dl]      
unwelcome2 & he pass$ ?r\gh )\t /opp+ 9 
8 lat] ye>s4  ,! ,qu>t]ly ,meet+ ( !    
,society ( ,fri5ds 0 ! annual culm9ation
 ( ! hospitality ( ! ,hill population4  
,com+ 9 ,augu/1 aft] hay+1 x 0 = a      
c5tury & a half ! great assembly ( ! p (
 ! ,hill1 & ( _! k9dr$ & fri5ds2 & until
 ! ,or?odox ,meet+ ceas$ to meet1 9     
#aije1 !re 0 ,qu>t]ly ,meet+ 9 ! small] 
,meet+ ,h\se4 ,! old hospitality 0 nev] 
dim9i%$ by ! ,quak]s z long z _! meet+s 
cont9u$4 ,ev5 ?\gh ! same h\se 7 fill$ )
 pay+ bo>d]s1 ! family retreat$ to !    
attic1 ! be/ rooms 7 devot$ to ! ,fri5ds
 travell+ on tru?'s acc\nt2 & ! same    
h\se saw hospitality ( ! old sort ext5d$
 = "o week to ! religi\s gue/s1 & ( !   

new sort fai?fully set =? = ! gue/s :o  
paid = x by ! week4  ,! ,quak]ess &     
daught] ( ,quak]s has produc$ ! summ]   
bo>d+-h\se2 :i* is no m ?an ! ample     
,quak] home1 organiz$ to ext5d ! ?rifty 
hospitality cont9u\sly = f\r mon?s1 =   
good paym5t 9 return1 :i* has always be5
 ext5d$ to ,fri5ds & visit+ relatives = 
long] or %ort] p]iods 9 ! pa/1 z an act 
( h\sehold grace4  ,! ,quak] ,hill woman
 is a good h\sekeep]4 ,! sub/antial     
f>mh\ses on ! ,hill are outw>d signs (  
excell5t homes )94 ,! table is well     
spread1 ) a measur$ abundance1 :i*      
satisfies b does n wa/e4 ,! rooms are   
ea* furni%$ =? 9 sp>e & righte\s        
da9t9ess1 ov] :i* n[adays is p\r$1 9    
occasional in/ances1 a pretty mod]n     
color1 timidly laid on1 :i* does n      
remove ! prim ,quak]ness4 ,v5tures 9 !  
use ( decoration1 h[ev]1 h be5 crude 9  
mo/ cases1 & ! results1 s f> z !y h be5 
effect$ by ! ta/e ( ! woman ( ! ,hill1  
are incongru\s 9 color1 & ill-assort$ 9 
design4 ,x is 9 h\se-furni%+ t ! t5d5cy 

( ! daught] ( ! ,quak]s %[s ! mo/       
frequ5t v>iation4 ,occasionally "o sees 
! outcropp+ ( a really arti/ic          
_s--peculi>ly refre%+ because s r>e--:i*
 has only 9 a woman's mature ye>s v5tur$
 to indulge 9 a bit ( happy color2 b !  
v5ture if successful is always res]v$ & 
simple2 & ! mo/ ( su* v5tures are (     
unhappy result4  ,! h\sekeep+ arts h    
rea*$ a high degree ( p]fection on !    
,hill4 ,cook+ is !re done ) a precision1
 economy & ta/efulness 9 %>p contra/ to 
! non-ae/hetic mann] 9 :i* ! ,quak]s    
conduct mo/ occupations4 ,x is1 moreov]1
 a k9d ( cook+ aft] ! ,quak] mann]1 at  
once frugal & abundant4 ,= ( all p1 !   
,quak]s h le>n$ to manage g5]\sly &     
economically4  ,! outcome ( ?is         
h\sekeep+ is ! div]sion ( mu* ( !       
bus9ess en]gy ( ! ,hill to ! keep+ (    
bo>d]s4 ,sev5 ( ! old ,quak] families1 &
 "o ,iri% ,ca?olic h\sehold are devot$  
to ! keep+ ( bo>d]s2 five ( !m be+      
support$ 9 ! ma9 by ?is bus9ess4 ,( ^!  
five families1 h[ev]1 f\r reside ^u f>ms

 ( m ?an "o hundr$ & fifty acres apiece4
 ,^! families sell at c]ta9 times 9 !   
ye>1 a c]ta9 quantity ( milk1 or make   
butt]1 or fatt5 calves1 b n z _! c5tral 
means ( support4  ,to ^! f>mh\ses come  
ye> aft] ye> ! same pay+ gue/s1 ea* h\se
 hav+ its own con/itu5cy1 built up ?r\gh
 ?irty ye>s ( pati5t & unbrok5 s]vice4  
,! *>m ( ! ,quak] "*1 ! excell5ce ( !   
cook+ & ! enjoyable "* ( ! o!r factors (
 ! h\sehold1 br+ patrons back2 :ile !   
b5efits ( ! elevation & pure air are1 to
 city dwell]s1 mat]ial returns = !      
moneys exp5d$4 ,= ?is bo>d1 ! price *>g$
 is1 9 ! ,iri% ,ca?olic h\sehold1 five  
doll>s p] week2 9 "o ( ! oldtime ,quak] 
h\ses1 six doll>s1 & 9 ! o!rs f eight to
 t5 or twelve doll>s p] week4  ,! season
 9 :i* bo>d]s c be secur$ 9 pay+ numb]s 
is a p]iod ext5d+ f ,june fifte5? to    
,octob] fir/1 ) ! h\ses fill$ only 9 !  
mon?s ( ,july & ,augu/4 ,= ?is p]iod1   
:i* is "o cont9u$ /ra9 ^u ! h\sekeep]s &
 _! aids1 prep>ation beg9s z e>ly z !   
mon? ( ,m>*4 ,! h\sework is g5]ally done

 by ! wom5 ( ! family1 ) "s employ$     
help1 ( an inf]ior sort4 ,! horses &    
c>riages on ! f>m mu/ be us$ = !        
transportation ( gue/s1 & = hire to ^?  
:o drive = pleasure4 ,on "o f>m %eep are
 kept2 ?\gh mo/ ( ! bo>d+-h\ses buy _!  
meat supplies ( ! deal]s m5tion$ bel[4  
,( late ye>s ! help employ$ 9 ^!        
bo>d+-h\ses1 9 addition to memb]s ( !   
family1 has come to be negroes f        
,culpepp] ,c\nty1 ,virg9ia4 ,^!         
employees come ea* spr+ & return 9 !    
fall4  ,! "o ,iri% ,ca?olic bo>d+-h\se  
is = ! ent]ta9m5t ( ! hir$ m5 on ! l[]  
"p ( ! ,hill1 ne> ! ,hotel4 ,x is       
ma9ta9$ ?r\gh\t ! ye>1 ) a v>y+ numb] ( 
gue/s1 by a woman n9ety ye>s ( age1 :o 9
 addition to ! managem5t1 does mu* ( !  
h>d "w h]self4  ,! cons]vatism ( ! ,hill
 families is %[n 9 ! fact t ! bo>d+-h\se
 bus9ess has nev] be5 ext5d$4 ,no h\se  
has ev] be5 erect$ = t purpose alone2 b 
! pres5t bus9ess ( t sort is c>ri$ on 9 
! old ,quak] homes1 ea* receiv+ only z  
_m paid gue/s z x 0 us$ to receive ( its

 hospitable duty1 :5 ! ,qu>t]ly ,meet+  
br\ght ,fri5ds f af>1 once 9 ! ye>4     
,mizz5-,top ,hotel is p]haps an         
exception1 if1 inde$1 a l>ge hotel1 )   
qu>t]s = two hundr$ & fifty gue/s1 & at 
prices rang+ f ?ree doll>s p] day up1 be
 an exception4 ,x has gr[n out ( ! same 
conditions :i* trans=m$ ! f>mh\ses into 
bo>d+-h\ses1 save t x has nev] be5      
manag$ at a pr(it1 & !y nev] at a loss4 
,x is1 h[ev]1 an in/itution by itself1 &
 w be treat$ 9 ano!r place4  ,!         
,mizz5-,top ,hotel has always be5 a sob]
 in/itution1 influ5c$ !reto by !        
pleasureless _s ( ! ,hill4 ,baseball1   
t5nis1 & golf 9 _! times h _h vogue !re1
 b "u e managem5t x has be5 h>d to ar\se
 & ma9ta9 active int]e/ 9 outdoor or    
indoor sports4 ,! direct road to        
,hamm]sley ,lake1 =m]ly call$ ,quak]    
,hill ,pond1 has made possible a mod]ate
 indulg5ce 9 c>riage-driv+4 ,! lay+ out 
( ! golf l9ks 9 #ahig set go+ t dignifi$
 sport1 j z ! ,wayside ,pa? 9 #ahhj     
occasion$ "s mild p$e/rianism4 ,b !     

,hotel dim9i%es r ?an increases 9 its   
play-activities2 & only games ( c>ds    
reta9 a hold ^u ! gue/s1 :o pref] !     
piazza1 ! croquet gr\nd1 ! t5nis c\rt1 &
 ! golf l9ks 9 rapidly dim9i%+          
proportion4  ,intemp]ance 0 common 9    
e>li] times1 & dr9k+ 0 univ]sal4 ,e     
h\sehold made & /or$ = w9t] _m b>rels ( 
cid]4 ,rum & w9e 7 freely b\ght at !    
/ore4 ,_! use 9 ! h>ve/ field 0 ess5tial
 to ! habits ( agriculture :i* prec$$ ! 
times ( ! m[] & reap]4 ,?is free use (  
cid]1 ) accompany+ intemp]ance1 survives
 9 only two h\ses on ,quak] ,hill4      
,miss ,tab]'s acc\nt1 9 ,"s ,glimpses ( 
! ,pa/1 describes ! dr9k+ habits ( !    
old] p]iod3 ,x 0 cu/om>y to h cid] on ! 
table at e meal1 ! ladies w\ld h _! tea1
 b mo/ ( ! m5 drank cid] l>gely1 _m to  
excess1 consequ5tly !re 7 great         
quantities made 9 ! fall & /or$ 9 !     
cell>s dur+ ! w9t]4 ,a l>ge f>m] w\ld   
lay out a great deal ( "w1 ga!r+ f t5 to
 tw5ty c>tloads ( apples1 hoop+ & clean+
 b>rels1 & _m gr\nd & press$ _! own     

cid]1 !n ! l>ge casks 7 drawn to & plac$
 9 ! cell>s4 ,?is usually occupi$ a l>ge
 "p ( ! mon? ( ,octob]4 ,9 ! spr+ a     
portion ( ! h>d cid] w\ld be tak5 to a  
di/ill]1 & made into cid] br&y to be us$
 9 ! hay+ & h>ve/ field1 at %eep wa%+s1 
but*]+1 rais+s1 %e>+s & on _m occasions4
 ,"s 0 always on ! sidebo>d & (t5 on !  
table4 ,9 mo/ h\seholds !re 7 sidebo>ds 
well furni%$ ) spirits1 br&y1 homemade  
w9e1 me!gl91 etc41 :i* 7 (f]$ to gue/s4 
,x 0 a fa%ion or cu/om to (f] a dr9k (  
"s k9d :5ev] a neighbor call$4  ,my     
gr&fa!r be+ oblig$ to h s _m m5 at lea/ 
two mon?s ea* ye> became disgu/$ ) !    
cu/om ( furni%+ s mu* cid] & spirits to 
! m5 9 ! field1 z _m ( !m w\ld come to !
 h\se at supp] "t )\t any appetite & 9 a
 qu>relsome mood4 ,!re w\ld be wre/l+s &
 fight+ dur+ ! ev5+ & ! *a9 9 ! well    
c\ld be he>d rattl+ all night long4 ,s  
"o ye>1 probably ab\t #ahce or '#cf1 he 
decid$ t he w\ld d x no long]4 ,8 bro!r 
& _m ( 8 neighbors tri$ to dissuade him 
& prophesi$ t he w\ld n be able to get  

suffici5t help to secure 8 crops1 b he  
decl>$ he w\ld give up f>m+ be=e he w\ld
 endure x any long]1 & ann\nc$ :5 secur+
 8 extra help = t summ] t he w\ld furni%
 no cid] or spirits 9 ! field1 b t c(fee
 & o!r dr9ks w\ld be c>ri$ out & t e man
 %\ld h a ration ( spirits at ea* meal4 
,mo/ ( ! m5 he _h _h 9 pa/ ye>s came    
back & seem$ to be glad to be out ( !   
way ( temptation4 ,! next ye> he disp5s$
 ) ! ration at meal times1 & ! cu/om    
grew among 8 neighbors ) surpris+       
rapidity2 x 0 b a few ye>s :5 x became  
g5]al1 ) a few exceptions1 :]e ! f>m]   
himself 0 fond ( x1 until to-day su* a  
?+ is n he>d (1 & 9 fact1 ! f>m]1 l !   
railroads & o!r l>ge corporations1 d n  
c>e to employ a man t is 9 ! habit ( us+
 spirits at all4  ,9 ! ye>s #ahij-aije  
!re 7 only two families on ! ,hill :i*  
foll[$ primitive cu/om 9 putt+ 9 cid]   
into ! cell> 9 quantity = ! w9t]4 ,9    
five m a v small quantity 0 kept4 ,9 !  
o!r cases x 0 reg>d$ z immoral to use ! 
bev]age4 ,! writ] 0 only once (f]$ a    

dr9k ( alcoholic bev]age 9 six ye>s'    
resid5ce on ! ,hill4  ,9 respect to !   
/&>d ( liv+ :i* is reg>d$ z necess>y to 
! ma9t5ance ( respect & social position1
 ! ,hill exhibits two /rata ( !         
population4 ,! city p1 & ! f>m]s &      
labor]s4 ,! =m] class1 besides ! ,hotel 
& its cottages1 comprise sev5 h\seholds1
 :o h =m$ _! ways ( liv+ ^u ! city /&>d4
 ,! o!rs1 resid5t all ! ye> r\nd ^u !   
,hill1 live aft] a /&>d common to       
,am]ican c\ntry-p g5]ally ( ! bett]     
class4  ,! economic ideas & habits are 9
 no way peculi> to ! ,hill4 ,!re survive
 9 a few old p]sons "s primitive        
indu/rial habits4 ,"o old lady1 n[ ab\t 
n9ety1 amuses h]self ) sp9n+1 knitt+ &  
weav+2 keep+ alive all ! primitive      
processes f ! %e>+ ( %eep 9 h] son's    
field to ! complet$ g>m5t4 ,axe-helves  
are /ill made by h& 9 ! neighborhood4   
,! practical arts ( ! community are     
agriculture1 especially ! cultivation ( 
grass = hay1 cook+ & g5]al h\sekeep+1 & 
! ent]ta9m5t ( paid gue/s1 z bo>d]s 9   

f>mh\se & hotel4 ,!re is 9 addition on  
"o f>m1 at ,site ,no4 #c1 a             
slaught]-h\se1 at :i* beef & mutton &   
pork are prep>$ = m>ket1 ! animals be+  
b\ght1 pa/ur$1 fatt5$ & kill$ on !      
place1 & ! meat deliv]$ to cu/om]s1     
especially 9 ! summ] mon?s1 by means ( a
 wagon1 :i* makes its j\rney twice a    
week1 ov] ! l5g? ( ! ,hill & 9 ! c\ntry 
ea/w>d4  ,!re is also a fi%-wagon own$ &
 ma9ta9$ by ! resid5t at ,site ,no4 #ae1
 :i* buys fi% dur+ ! ye> & ma9ta9s by   
means ( a wagon a simil> trade4 ,^! two 
are ! only food supply bus9esses ma9ta9$
 on ! ,hill4  ,economic opportunity has 
always appeal$ /rongly to ! ,quak] ,hill
 man & woman4 ,9 #agdj ,john ,t(fey     
settl$ at ! cross+ ( ways :i* is call$  
,t(fey's ,corn]s1 & began to make hats4 
,o!r indu/ries foll[$4  ,9 rec5t ye>s1 9
 almo/ e ,quak] h\se bo>d]s h be5 tak51 
& a bett] pr(it has be5 made ?an f !    
sale ( milk4 ,= tw5ty-five ye>s !       
,mizz5-,top ,hotel1 accommodat+ two     
hundr$ & fifty gue/s1 has repres5t$     

notably ?is response to opportunity4 ,! 
beautiful sc5]y1 :i* ! ,quak] himself   
does n appreciate1 because he has       
educat$ himself out ( ! appreciation (  
color & =m1 has (f]$ him an opportunity 
( pr(it :i* he has be5 prompt & dilig5t 
to seize4 ,all ?r\gh ! summ] e "o ( !   
six l>ge/ ,quak] home/eads is fill$ )   
gue/s4 ,! fact cit$ above t 9 ! summ]   
!re comes to ! ,hill a great] transi5t  
population ?an dwells !re ?r\gh ! ye>1 a
 population ( gue/s1 illu/rates ?is     
lively economic al]tness4  ,! emigration
 f ! ,hill s9ce #ahdj ( s _m p]sons1    
notably ! y\ng] & m ambiti\s1 is 9      
itself a tok5 ( ?is response4 ,!        
railroad br\ght ! opportunity2 !        
ambiti\s accept$ x2 _m :ole families h  
disappe>$4 ,_! /rong memb]s emigrat$2 ! 
weak] /ock di$ out4 ,! ,m]ritt1         
,v&]burgh1 ,iri%1 ,w+1 ,%]man1 ,ak91 &  
o!r families (f] examples4 ,9 ! place ( 
^? :o dep>t$ h come o!rs1 to fill !     
total population4 ,!re 7 9 #aije on !   
,hill tw5ty-five old families )         

sev5ty-five p]sons1 & tw5ty-five ,iri%  
,ca?olic families ) "o hundr$ p]sons4   
,! response to economic opportunity has 
(t5 be5 too ke51 & ! attempt too grasp+4
 ,9 #ahia weal?y ,new ,york]s (f]$ =    
c]ta9 f>ms s locat$ z to comm& beautiful
 views1 prices almo/ d\ble :at !y are   
wor? = f>m+4 ,! reply 0 a dem& 9 e case 
( "o ?\s& doll>s m ?an 0 (f]$2 & !      
result 0--no sale4  ,l& is valu$1 ?\gh  
few sales are made1 at #a1jjj p] acre1  
ne> ! ,hotel4 ,! acre numb]$ #db1 "o    
mile f ,mizz5-,top1 on ,map ,,ii1 0 sold
 9 #ahic to a labor+ man = #bej4 ,at    
#ec1 l& 0 sold 9 #aijc = #gjj p] acre4  
,at #eb1 ?ree acres 7 sold by si/]s to a
 bro!r 9 #ahie1 ! ask+-price be+ #a1jjj 
p] acre1 & ! price paid #hjj p] acre4 ,=
 f>m+1 ?is l& is wor? #ej & #ge p] acre4
 ,f\r miles fur!r inl& z good rec5tly   
sold = #aj p] acre4 ,quak] ,hill has n  
neglect$ its economic opportunities4    
,ne>ness to ! soil has1 "u ! influ5ces (
 ,quak] e?ics & economic ambition1      
cultivat$ 9 ?is population a pati5t &   

/eadfa/ indu/ry1 :i* expresses itself 9 
! milk dairy1 a =m ( f>m+ by its nature 
requir+ e>ly h\rs & late1 ) all ! day   
betwe5 fill$ by v>i\s duties4 ,i h %[n  
above t ?is indu/ry is los+ its hold on 
! f>m]s ( ! ,hill1 b = two g5]ations x  
has be5 ! di/9ctive type ( labor on !   
,hill4 ,to rise at f\r or ev5 e>li] 9 ! 
morn+ & to prep>e ! milk1 to deliv] x at
 ! /ation1 f\r to eight miles away1 to  
att5d to ! wants ( c[s f tw5ty to "o    
hundr$ 9 numb]2 to prep>e ! v>i\s       
food-products1 ei!r by rais+ f ! soil1  
or by c>t+ f ! railroad1--^! activities 
fill$1 t5 ye>s ago1 ! lives ( "o hundr$ 
& f\r ( ! adult males ( ! community2 &  
^! activities at pres5t fill ! "t (     
sixty ( ! adult males ( ! community4#cd 
,:ile ! milk bus9ess is a decl9+        
indu/ry1 o!r ?+s are n less engross+4 ,!
 l& mu/ be till$1 & is till$4 ,hay is ! 
greate/ crop1 & ! m]e r\nd ( ! seasons  
br+s = a community us$ to agriculture a 
discipl9e & a c\rse ( labor1 :i* make   
life regul> & indu/ri\s4  ,f>m+1 z /at$ 

above1 is c>ri$ on ) a view to !        
production ( milk = ! city m>ket4 ,x is 
a labori\s & exact+ occupation4 ,! dairy
 c[1 g5]ally ( ! ,hol/e9 /ock1 or ) a   
/ra9 ( ,hol/e9 9 h] blood1 is ! mo/     
common v>iety2 ?\gh ! grass ( ! ,hill is
 s good t v ri* milk is produc$ by r$   
c[1 j pla9 f>m]'s c[1 z ! local         
description runs2 & ! dem&s ( ! middlem5
 h br\ght 9 "s ,j]sey cattle1 :i* are   
desir$1 because ( ! great] proportion ( 
cream !y produce4 ,! l>ge/ pr(it f !    
mak+ ( milk is secur$ by ^? f>m]s :o    
keep z _m c[s z c be f$ f ! l& own$ by  
!m4 ,b ! m ambiti\s f>m]s r5t l&1 & 9 a 
few cases on a small f>m keep s _m      
cattle t !y h to buy ev5 hay & corn4 ,x 
is necess>y = ! f>m]1 9 ord] to meet !  
dem&s ( ! city m>ket1 to fe$ 8 cattle on
 gra9s n rais$ on ! ,hill4 ,"o hundr$   
ye>s ago ! l&s ( ! ,hill 7 plant$ 9     
:eat1 rye1 corn & o!r gra9s1 b to-day ! 
f>m]s buy all gra9s1 except corn1 ( :i* 
an increas+ quantity is be+ rais$1 &    
oats1 ( :i* !y d n raise en\gh = ! use (

 _! horses4 ,!re are no silos us$ on !  
,hill1 ! city milkm5 hav+ a /&+         
objection to ! milk ( c[s f$ on         
ensilage4  ,! labor problem creat$ by ! 
milk bus9ess is an acute "o4 ,"o man c  
milk n m ?an tw5ty c[s1 & he is a /\t   
f>m-h& :o c daily milk m ?an twelve or  
fifte54 ,z a f>m] mu/ keep betwe5 tw5ty 
& =ty c[s to d ju/ice to 8 acreage1 on !
 av]age ,hill f>m1 !re mu/ be at lea/   
two m51 & (t5 !re mu/ be five or six m5 
employ$ on ! f>m4 ,to secure ?is numb] (
 capable m51 to keep !m1 & to pay !m are
 h>d problems4 ,_! wages h ris5 9 ! pa/ 
twelve ye>s1 f f\rte5 doll>s a mon? &   
bo>d to tw5ty-?ree doll>s & bo>d2 or = a
 m>ri$ man1 :o has h\se r5t1 wood1 & "t 
to cut x1 g>d5 & "t to t5d x1 & a qu>t (
 milk a day1 ! wages h ris5 f           
tw5ty-eight to ?irty-five doll>s a mon?4
  ,^! m5 are recruit$ f a class born 9 !
 c\ntry1 & ( a drift+1 nomadic _s2 & f !
 city1 ! latt] a s9i/]1 dang]\s elem5t1 
:om ! f>m]s fe> & suspect4 ,on a l>ge   
f>m1 ) five m5 9 employ1 ! f>m] may     

expect to replace "o man ea* mon?2 & to 
replace 8 :ole =ce at lea/ once a ye>4  
,s *angeable are ! m9ds ( ?is class (   
labor]s4  ,^? :o are m>ri$ are some:at m
 /able2 b ( ! o!rs x is ass]t$ by !     
f>m]s t out ( _! wages !y save no?+4    
,!re has be5 a rise 9 ! price secur$ by 
! f>m]s = _! milk 9 ! pa/ t5 ye>s1 b x  
has be5 only = limit$ p]iods4 ,!        
v>iation 0 f #a4i c5ts & #b c5ts1 !     
price 9 #ahie-ih1 to #c c5ts1 ! price   
paid 9 ! w9t] ( #aijg4 ,9 ! summ] !     
price is always l[]4 ,! f>m]s h no      
control ov] ! price paid !m = milk1 nor 
h !y control ov] ! prices to be paid =  
labor1 ?\gh ( c\rse 9 ?is matt]1 !re is 
room = a c]ta9 skill 9 b>ga9+ & = ! l[]+
 ( ! total wages paid on ! f>m ?r\gh !  
skillful employm5t ( ! *eap] k9ds ( h&s4
  ,!re is also a diff]5ce 9 ! price paid
 = milk by ! ,milk ,factory1 a plant    
e/abli%$ at ! railway 9 ! pa/ t5 ye>s1 9
 ea* dairy-t[n4 ,?is e/abli%m5t takes   
milk f ! poor] dairies "u conditions    
less exact+ ?an are laid d[n by "s      

buy]s1 & 9 consequ5ce pays a price      
correspond+ly l[] ?an ! m>ket rates =   
milk & ! high] prices secur$ by ! bett] 
f>m]s4  ,"o en]getic f>m]1 :o has 9 !   
pa/ five ye>s _h l>ge f>ms to manage1 on
 hire1 or on %>es1 has prep>$ milk =    
hospital use 9 ! city1 meet+ ! exactions
 ( inspection1 & ! prescrib$ c>e (      
/ables1 animals1 workm5 & receptacles 9 
a way intol]able to ! av]age f>m]4 ,he  
receives 9 return a price tw5ty p] c5t  
above ! m>ket rate4  ,! effect ( ! above
 conditions is se5 9 ! fact t 9 ! twelve
 ye>s "u /udy n9e own]s ( l>ge f>ms h   
giv5 up ! milk bus9ess1 h sold _! c[s1  
or keep+ !m h made butt] & fatt$ calves 
= m>ket4 ,! pr(its to be made 9         
dairy-f>m+ are s small1 unless ! f>m]   
conduct 8 dairy 9 an exceptional mann]1 
or on a v l>ge scale1 t ! av]age man on 
! ,hill _c cont9ue x4 ,inde$1 ! av]age  
f>m] on ! ,hill is unable ?r\gh lack (  
vitality or incapacity = application1 to
 conduct any bus9ess1 successfully1     
aga9/ competition4 ,! /ate ( m9d ( su*  

m51 9 ! wor/ cases1 is illu/rat$ by !   
rem>k ( "o ( !m :o approa*$ a successful
 dairyman1 say+3 ,i am go+ to cease to  
make milk = ! city m>ket1 & ,i ?\ght ,i 
w\ld come to y & f9d out some?+ ab\t !  
way to make butt]--n ! be/ butt]1 su* z 
y make1 b a sort ( second-class butt]4  
#cd ,mr4 ,e4 ,i4 ,hurd is my au?ority = 
! foll[+ /atem5t4 ,9 ! total income ( ! 
f>m]s ( ,pawl+1 n9e doll>s are paid !m =
 milk = e doll> 9 paym5t = o!r products4
     ,,*apt] ,,iii4  ,,new ,,ideals ,,( 
,,quak]ism3 ,,assimilation ,,(          
,,/rang]s4   ,quak] ,hill has always be5
 a community ) great p[]s (             
assimilation4 ,! losses suff]$ by       
emigration h be5 repair$ by ! g5ius ( ! 
community = socializ+4 ,:oev] comes     
becomes a loyal le>n] ( ! ,quak] ,hill  
ways4 ,i ?9k ?is is a matt] ( imitation4
 ,p]sonality has "h made a solemn ef=t  
to p]fect itself = a c5tury & a half2 & 
! *>act]s ( ,ri*>d ,osborn1 ,james ,j4  
,v&]burgh1 ,anne ,hayes1 ,david ,iri% & 
8 daught]1 ,phoebe ,iri% ,wanz]1 rip5$  

into possession ( at lea/ amaz+ p[] (   
example4 ,i mu/ be sp>+ ( illu/ration   
"h1 :]e too ri* a /ore is at h&4 ,i w   
(f] only ?is /rik+ fact1 obs]v$ by all  
:o "k ! ,hill3 ! ,iri% emigrant & 8     
,am]ican-born *ildr51 ( :om !re are n[ z
 _m z rema9 ( ! orig9al ,quak]s1 h come 
to be z good ,quak]s 9 "*--?\gh /ill    
loyal ,ca?olics 9 dogma--z if !y said !e
 & ?\1 & wore drab4 ,!y are peaceable1  
g5tle folk1 sob] & in(f5sive2 & !       
trans=m+ influ5ce ( ,quak] "* is se5 9  
c]ta9 ( !m 9 a m>k$ degree4  ,! same    
/atem5t may be made ( ! p]vasive example
 ( ! ,quak] "* ^u o!r areas (           
population2 s]vants :o come f ! city1   
summ] gue/s1 arti/ic p :o love ! ,hill =
 its beauty & sugge/iv5ess1 m9i/]s & o!r
 public tea*]s :o come hi!r4  ,! area to
 ! s\!a/1 call$ ,coburn1 settl$ to a    
degree by ^? :o h work$ on ! ,hill 9    
times pa/ z employees1 is t\*$ ) ! same 
mann]4 ,its meet+ h\se1 erect$ ov] sixty
 ye>s ago1 ev5 reta9s ! ,quak] way (    
seat+ ! m5 & wom5 ap>t4  ,! ,quak] ,hill

 ,conf]5ce1 n[ 9 its n9? ye>1 is ano!r  
illu/ration ( ! *>m & rea* ( ! g5tle    
influ5ce ( ! ,quak] ,hill ideal ^u      
p]sonal "*4  ,sugge/ion also expla9s    
mu*4 ,9 su* a social :ole1 mann]s &     
cu/oms are fix$4 ,! newcom] is (t5 fre%1
 +5u\s1 & sometimes intrusive4 ,little  
by little he becomes socializ$4 ,ways ( 
action are fix$ = him1 & a range (      
p]=mance comes to be 84 ,9 h>mony ) ?is 
range1 sugge/ion is v f]tile2 b "o le>ns
 aft] a "t t !re is a limit to its =ce  
beyond :i* individuals w n g4           
,sugge/ion1 to be effective ^u ! _m1 mu/
 come f ! s\rces :i* embody !           
community's religi\s & economic ideal4  
,ideas1 once broa*$1 are usually1 if !y 
contemplate action1 oppos$1 at lea/ by  
in]tness2 b aft] a "t !y reappe> z if   
native to ! m9ds :i* w\ld h none ( !m by
 reasonable approa*es4 ,?is process is  
accel]at$ if ! sugge/ion beg9s to travel
 f m9d to m9d4 ,"s individuals are less 
sl[ ?an o!rs2 & ! lead]s ( ,quak] ,hill 
?9k+ h always be5 able to "w by ! plan (

 academic proposal--to avoid            
rejection--foll[$ by incitem5t ( popul> 
action 9 p>ticul> qu>t]s4 ,quak] ,hill  
_c be> to be divid$2 & t :i* comes to be
 successful 9 "o qu>t] soon comes to be 
univ]sal4 ,?+s c be done by social      
sugge/ion :i* c\ld nev] be accompli%$ by
 appeal or rational discussion4  ,! ^w t
 has =m$ ! social m9d ( ,quak] ,hill has
 be51 n ! ,_s1 n ! inn] light1 b        
or?odoxy or pla9ness4 ,= ?is community1 
x mu/ be rememb]$1 _h no great ?9k]s4 ,x
 disc\rag$ /udy1 /iff5$ reason 9 =mulas 
& dissolv$ ?9k+ 9 vision4 ,to its =mulas
 ! ,hill has be5 exce$+ly devot$4 ,he :o
 upheld !m 0 accept$1 & he :o reject$   
!m1 z well z he :o ignor$ !m1 0 to !    
e>ly ,quak] ,hill z if he did n exi/4   
,?is %ibbole? has inde$ always be5      
religi\s4 ,ev5 to-day ! way ( direct    
access to ! common he>t is a religi\s   
"o4 ,ca?olic z well z ,prote/ant1 ,quak]
 no m & no less ?an ! _w's p1 welcome   
religi\s approa*es1 respect confessions1
 & believe exp]i5ces4 ,no?+ c assemble  

!m all :i* does n orig9ate 9 religion & 
clo! itself 9 religi\s sanction4 ,hi/ory
 is religi\s hi/ory4 ,bus9ess prosp]ity 
is approv$ :5 ! prosp]ity has foll[$    
religi\s pr(ession4  ,i d n mean to say 
t !re are n o!r symbols ?an ^? (        
religion4 ,prosp]ity has spok5 its      
%ibbole?s z well z or?odoxy4 ,bus9ess is
 bus9ess on ,quak] ,hill4 ,n to save    
money is an un=giv5 s9--& a r>e "o6     
,mu* has be5 done 9 =m+ ! common m9d (  
,quak] ,hill by antipa?ies & sympa?ies1 
*iefly aga9 ( a religi\s ord] modifi$ by
 ! economic4 ,! community is m>k$ly     
divid$ into ri* & poor1 & into or?odox &
 n-or?odox4 ,^! h no incl9ation "o to   
ano!r4 ,ea* gr\p has its symbols &      
pass-words1 & :ile neighborly1 & answ]+ 
to c]ta9 appeals to :i* ! community has 
always respond$1 ea* resid5t ( ! ,hill  
lives & dwells 9 8 own gr\p & has no    
expectation ( mov+ out ( x4 ,s long z a 
man /ays 9 8 gr\p he is1 by a balanc+ ( 
antipa?y & sympa?y1 respect$ & valu$4   
,if he v5ture to be o!r ?an :at he 0    

born to be1 he suff]s all ! social      
p5alties ( a highly organiz$ community4 
,au?ority1 work+ along ! l9es ( belief &
 dogma1 has almo/ irresi/ible =ce = !   
,quak] ,hill social m9d4 ,a visitor to !
 ,hill said ,^! are an ob$i5t p4 ,any   
b>r5ness ( ! ,hill is to be attribut$ r 
to ! lack ( lead]s :o c\ld speak to !   
beliefs & 9 h>mony ) ! dogmas1 ?an to   
lack ( will+ness to obey au?ority4 ,f ! 
pa/ ! families on ! ,hill inh]it _!     
will+ness respectively to comm& & to    
obey4 ,?is is true socially ( c]ta9     
families & religi\sly ( o!rs4 ,t to-day 
"s are n l$ is due solely to ! decad5ce 
( initiative 9 ! h\seholds :i*1 by      
reason ( weal? or dogmatic rectitude1   
inh]it & claim ! fir/ place4  ,x 0 said 
above t ,quak] ,hill has %[n great p[] (
 assimilat+ =eign mat]ial1 & ( caus+    
newcom]s to be possess$ ( ! communal _s4
 ,! ag5cy :i* f ! fir/ accompli%$ ?is 0 
religi\s idealization1 embodi$ 9 !      
meet+1 ! dress1 language & mann]s (     
,fri5ds4 ,g5]ally ! ,meet+ 0 recruit$ f 

bir?s1 & memb]s 7 su* by bir?right4 ,9  
=m] times ! community & ! ,meet+ 7 "o4  
,?is assimilat+ ( =eign mat]ial by      
social imitation to ! ,quak] type1 &    
into organic subjection to ! ,quak]     
,hill community1 0 wr\ght by six        
ag5cies4 ,!y 7 language1 mann]s1 co/ume1
 amusem5ts1 wor%ip1 & morals4 ,9 ea* (  
^! ! ,quak]s 7 peculi>4 ,9 ! use ( !    
pla9 language ! ,quak]s _h a ma*9]y (   
amaz+ & subtle fasc9ation = hold+ !     
att5tion1 purify+ ! spee*1 & discipl9+ !
 :ole deportm5t ( ! "y & ! newcom]4 ,no 
"o has ev] be5 address$ ) ! use ( 8 fir/
 "n by grave1 sweet ladies & eld]ly     
sa9ts1 )\t its beg9n+ an influ5ce &     
ex]t+ a *>m he c\ld n resi/2 ! m s t !  
,quak] 9 s do+ is gu>d+ 8 own s\l1 r ?an
 seek+ to save 8 he>]4  ,! grave mann]s 
( ! ,quak]s1 bo? 9 meet+ & )\t1 are     
fram$ ^u _! belief t all days are holy1 
& all places sacr$4 ,_! long &          
triumphant fight aga9/ amusem5ts is a   
tribute to ! gravity ( life4 ,! conte/  
to :i* ,i h else:]e ref]r$ = pure       

morals1 9 matt]s ( sex1 ( prop]ty & (   
spee*1 0 a victori\s battle4  ,9 all ^! 
matt]s ,quak] ,hill 0 a population      
socializ$ by religion4 ,c5tral to x all 
0 ! wor%ip ( ! ,meet+ on ,fir/ ,day1 &  
on o!r occasions2 & ! great solemnity ( 
! annual ,qu>t]ly ,meet+4 ,fasc9at$ by t
 sil5ce t c be felt1 m5 came f f>4 ,!y  
w\ld come z readily to-day4 ,!y w5t away
 "u ! dom9ation ( t idea ( pure &       
spiritual fai?1 :i* kept a :ole h\seful 
( m5 sil5t = an h\r 9 communion4  ,z ,i 
h look$ into ?is matt] x has seem$ to me
 t ! induction to be drawn f ! hi/ory ( 
,quak] ,hill is ?is3 ,religion 0 a true 
organiz+ p[] = ?is social population4   
,:atev] ! meet+ det]m9$ly /rove to d x  
accompli%$4 ,if x _h tri$ to d m x w\ld 
h succe$$4  ,?is 0 a ga91 moreov]1 )\t  
correspond+ losses2 a total net ga9 9   
all ! moralities4 ,! :ole area on :i*   
?is meet+ ex]t$ its influ5ce 0 by x     
elevat$ to a high] moral & social tone1 
& organiz$ into a communal :ole1        
*>act]iz$ by a l(ti] & clean] /&>d ?an t

 ( surr\nd+ populations4  ,:y1 !n1 did x
 die out8 ,fir/1 because ( ! b>5ess (   
its wor%ip1 ! lack ( music1 color & =m2 
?r\gh :i* x lo/ 9 ! n9ete5? c5tury "s ( 
its be/ families4 ,!n ?r\gh dogmatic    
diff]5ces1 ( no int]e/ to human be+s1 x 
lo/ its primacy 9 ! community & s its   
au?ority4  ,9 ! *apt] on ,ideals ( !    
,quak]s1 ,i h dwelt ^u _! dramatization 
( life4 ,!y made believe t pla9ness 0   
sanctity4 ,!y fix$ _! m9ds ^u !         
commonplace z ! ideal4 ,x is probable t 
! e>ly population 7 m5 & wom5 ( no su*  
tal5ts z to di/urb ?is conviction2 & !  
v>iations f pla9ness 9 ! direction (    
gayety 7 /]nly d5\nc$ z immoral4 ,also !
 /ruggle ) ! wild]ness occupi$ & exhau/$
 ! p[]s ( ! exceptional z well z ( !    
av]age man4 ,b :5 ) weal? came leisure1 
!re 7 born sons ( ! ,quak]s :o rebell$  
aga9/ ! discipl9e ( life t repress$     
v>iation1 :o dem&$ self-expression 9    
dress1 9 language1 9 ta/es1 & 9         
pleasures4 ,gradually b surely1 z !     
outside _w 0 br\ght ne>]1 ^! p]sons 7   

influ5c$ 9 _! re/iv5ess by books &      
examples1 by imitation & o!r /imuli f   
new s\rces1 until !y ca/ (f 9 _! m9ds ! 
,quak] ideal ( pla9ness4 ,to be ord9>y  
no long] seem$ to !m a way ( goodness4  
,!y 7 oppress$ & /ifl$ by ! ban ( !     
meet+ ^u v>iation4 ,& ?\gh ! ideal (    
pla9ness has subtly rul$ !m ev5 9 _!    
rebellion & fre$om1 x has done s by its 
negative p[]1 9 t ! community has nev]  
furni%$ exceptional education4 ,!       
positive dom9ion ( ! meet+ brok51 !     
negative pla9ness ( ! community rules   
all ! *ildr5 ( ! ,hill to ?is day4 ,s   
few are ! s\rces ( individual v>iation  
furni%$1 9 ! =m ( books1 music1         
education1 art1 t no son or daught] (   
,quak] ,hill has atta9$ a place ( note  
ev5 9 ,new ,york ,/ate4 ,! ideal (      
pla9ness has be5 an effectual re/ra9t4  
,,*apt] ,,iv4  ,,! ,,common ,,m9d4   ,! 
common m9d has be5 =m$ to a great degree
 by /rong p]sonalities2 = ! common m9d  
has held an ideal ( p]fection 9 a p]son4
 ,! =ce :i* at ! beg9n+ assembl$ its    

elem5ts 0 p]sonal4 ,! type repres5t$ by 
,george ,fox1 z int]pret$ by ,b>clay1   
embodi$ ?is influ5ce4 ,9 all ! hi/ory ( 
! place response to /rong p]sonality has
 be5 imm$iate & g5]al4 ,! pa/ is a      
hi/ory ( names4 ,william ,russell l$ !  
community 9 erect+ a ,meet+ ,h\se1 & !n 
a second "o--:i* /ill /&s4 ,f]riss1 !   
e>ly settl]1 locat$ ! meet+ h\se on 8   
l&1 z lat] ,osborn locat$ ! ,or?odox    
,meet+ ,h\se1 at ! ,division1 on 8 l&4  
,judge ,daniel ,ak91 9 ! e>ly ,n9ete5?  
,c5tury1 0 a lead] ( ! economic         
activities ( ?is ,quak] community1 !n   
diff]5tiat+ !mselves f ! religi\s4 ,s1  
too1 8 nephew1 ,alb]t ,ak91 9 ! la/ half
 ( t c5tury 0 a lead]1 ga!r+ up ! money 
( ! weal?y f>m]s to inve/ 9 railroads1  
f\nd+ ! ,pawl+ ,bank1 ! ,mizz5-,top     
,hotel1 & laun*+ ,ak9 ,hall1 ) its      
lit]>y & religi\s basis4  ,david ,iri%1 
! prea*] ( ! ,hicksite ,meet+ 9 ! middle
 ( ! n9ete5? c5tury 0 lead] & expon5t ( 
! mo/ repres5tative phases ( ,quak]ism1 
= at t "t x 0 /ill possible = ! bus9ess 

& ! religion ( ,quak]ism to be unit$ 9 !
 m9ds ( ! majority2 ,unit>ian ,quak]ism 
0 ! result1 & ( ?is ,david ,iri% 0 !    
ideal embodim5t4  ,! respect paid by !  
community to lead]%ip is %[n 9 ! place  
assign$ to ,admiral ,john ,l4 ,word51   
comm&] ( ! ,monitor1 :o m>ri$ a ,quak]  
,hill woman1 ,olive ,t(fey1 sp5t !      
summ]s ( 8 life on ! ,hill1 & is buri$ 9
 ! ,pawl+ ,cemet]y4 ,!re 0 univ]sal     
pride 9 8 *>m+ p]sonality1 int]e/ 9 8   
say+s1 & no pi\s condemnation ( 8 w>like
 de$s4 ,8 nautical names ( ! high po9ts 
on ! ,hill h be5 g5]ally accept$2 s t ! 
,hill rides high above all surr\nd+ l&s1
 h] heights labell$ l ! ma/s ( a gallant
 %ip3 ,mizz5-,top1 ,ma9-,top1 ,tip-,top4
  ,!re is inde$ by contra/ a correspond+
 unwill+ness to be impress$ by great    
p]sonality4 ,! resid5ce ( ,wa%+ton ) 8  
troops 9 ! neighborhood left no         
impression on ! records ( ! ,meet+1 ?\gh
 he turn$ out ! wor%ipp]s & fill$ !     
place ) sick soldi]s2 no impression ^u !
 dev\t tradition1 except ! /ory ( 8 be+ 

se5 once 9 ! woods alone on 8 knees 9   
pray]2 & no impression ^u ! social      
tradition1 except ! *]i%$ claim ( "o    
family t he us$ _! resid5ce z 8         
headqu>t]s4 ,wa%+ton 0 ! embodim5t ( all
 t ?is community oppos$1 & he 0 ignor$4 
,ano!r in/ance ( grudg+ allegiance 0 !  
foll[+ giv5 to a ,new ,york brok]1 :o   
set out to build a mod]n s*oolh\se1 & 0 
p]mitt$ only by a pack$ s*ool-meet+1 &  
by pay+ two-?irds ( ! exp5se himself1 to
 build 9 #ahib ! comely /ructure at #dc1
 ) :i* ,quak] ,hill is cont5t4  ,! same 
resid5t 0 disc\rag$ f fur!r acts (      
public s]vice1 9 #ahid1 by ! decl9+ ( 8 
(f] made to ! t[n ( ,pawl+1 to build "o 
mile ( macadam = e mile built by ! t[n4 
,he _h con/ruct$ 9 #ahic1 at #aac1 a    
sample piece ( su* road1 cov]+ at 8 own 
exp5se an anci5t s9k-hole 9 ! highway1  
?r\gh :i* dur+ two mon?s 9 e ye> = a    
c5tury & a half ,quak] ,hill _h wall[$2 
& he desir$ ) ?is object-lesson to      
conv9ce ! t[n1--to w9 ! support ( at    
lea/ 8 neighbors1--to ! proposal to     

trans=m ! highways into good roads4 ,b  
!re 0 nev] a response1 & ev5 8 neighbors
 on ! ,hill1 :o *e]fully enjoy 8 smoo?  
/ret* ( /one road ov] ! anci5t wall[ (  
_! fa!rs1 manife/$ no active            
appreciation ( 8 g5]osity4 ,! g5]\s     
resid5t _h pur*as$ a /one-cru%] & o!r   
necess>ies = ! "w2 b !y h be5 us$ only  
on private gr\nds4  ,! mo/ conspicu\s   
in/ance ( foll[+ lead]%ip 9 rec5t times 
has be5 ! measur$ devotion giv5 by !    
community to ! activities :i* h c5t]$ 9 
,ak9 ,hall & 9 ! in/itution kn[n z ,hill
 ,hope1 on ,site #ce4 ,! lead]s 9 ?is   
activity h be5 !mselves "u ! influ5ce ( 
,new ,york city ideas4 ,two ( ! ?ree mo/
 conspicu\s p]sons are ( ?is            
neighborhood1 b h resid$ 9 ,new ,york = 
ye>s1 return+ to ! ,hill = ! summ]s4 ,! 
?ird is a ,new ,york] by bir?1 & tra9$ 9
 ,presbyt]ian religi\s exp]i5ce &       
especially 9 *>itable activity4  ,ak9   
,hall has 9 ! ye>s #ahib-aije express$ !
 lead]%ip 9 religi\s confession &       
wor%ip1 aft] ! =ms ( ! ,re=m$ ,*ri/ian  

ord]1 & has embodi$ ?is lead]%ip 9 !    
conv5tional activities ( a vigor\s      
c\ntry p>i%4  ,= t5 ye>s ,hill ,hope1   
support$ p]sonally by ! ?ird memb] ( ?is
 gr\p ( lead]s1 01 until x 0 clos$ 9    
#aijd1 a c\ntry home = work+ girls4 ,by 
a lib]al policy x became also a c5t] (  
mu* int]e/ & ( a p]vasive influ5ce to ! 
neighborhood4 ,meet+s ( a social &      
devotional "* 7 held !re1 to :i* !      
resid5ts 7 pleas$ to come1 & 9 :i* ! "y 
wom5 f ! city met & m+l$ ) ! ,prote/ant 
resid5ts ( ! ,hill1 especially ) ^? ( ! 
,quak] /ock4 ,! influ5ce ( ,hill ,hope 0
 v m>k$1 & its p[] 9 repres5t+ to p ( a 
n>r[ exp]i5ce ! ideals ( a ri*] & broad]
 life 0 obvi\s to any "o :o saw ! place 
x held 9 ! int]e/s ( ! :ole resid5t     
community4  ,^! influ5ces1 ?us comp\nd$ 
( ! humanit>ian1 ! lib]al-or?odox & !   
devotional1 b 9 all ?+s confess$ly      
religi\s1 ex]t$ !mselves = ! t5 ye>s    
nam$1 unbrok54 ,! dea? ( "o memb] ( ?is 
gr\p ( lead]s1 ! head ( "o ( ! ?ree     
h\seholds peculi>ly id5tifi$ ) its "w1  

appreciably weak5$ ! gr\p4 ,b 9 ! ?irte5
 ye>s ( its influ5ce1 x unit$ ! :ole    
community 9 ! =mation ( a *ur*1 to "s ( 
^: s]vices came all ! ,prote/ant        
population2 9 ^: memb]%ip 7             
repres5tatives ( all gr\ps ( !          
,prote/ant resid5ts2 & :i* 0 able at    
lea/ once a ye> to call ! ,ca?olics also
 toge!r at ,*ri/mas fe/ivities4  ,to ?is
 gr\p ( lead]s a gu>d$1 ?\gh at times   
cordial foll[+ 0 giv5 by ,or?odox       
,fri5ds1 ! ,hicksite gr\p1 ! f>m] class1
 labor]s1 ,ca?olics & ,prote/ants1 &    
summ] p4 ,x 0 g5]ally in]t & negative 9 
_s1 seldom actively loyal4 ,at its be/ x
 0 will+ t lead]s %\ld lead & pay !     
price1 & be m admir$ ?an upheld4 ,at its
 wor/ x 0 al]t to private & bl9d to     
public int]e/s1 peevi% ( *ange1         
incapable ( =esight4  ,i d n ?9k t      
,quak] ,hill p h mu* expectation (      
b5efit f social life4 ,!y are habitually
 skeptical ( its advantages1 ?\gh eag]  
to avail !mselves ( ^? advantages :5    
prov54 ,almo/ e p]son on ! ,hill1 h[ev]1

 is a memb] ( "s secret society1 to :i* 
he is drawn by anticipations ( economic 
advantage1 or ( moral culture4  ,nor c  
,i say t !re is prompt or g5]al reaction
 to wrongdo+1 ei!r ( "o or ( _m4 ,i     
might illu/rate ) two cases4 ,9 "o a ri*
 man p]v]t$ a public tru/1 op5ly1 to 8  
own advantage2 & a conspiracy ( sil5ce  
h$g$ 8 wrong ab\t4 ,9 ! o!r1 a y\? ent]$
 9 "o w9t] e h\se on ! ,hill 9          
succession1 & !re 0 no "o to detect or  
to puni% him4  ,! ,hill does n exhibit !
 highe/ type ( social response 9 !      
recognition ( imp]sonal evil1 9 ! que/ (
 k1 or 9 free discussion4 ,almo/ two    
c5turies ( dogma-wor%ip1 ) its          
contemplation ( select$ facts1 has made 
x n[ impossible to secure f "o ?or\ghly 
socializ$ 9 ! _s ( ! place ! exact tru? 
^u any matt]4 ,x seems to be res]ve :i* 
conceals x1 b x is r ! effect ( cont9u$ 
p]v]sion ( ! s5se ( "r & wrong1 &       
indiff]5ce to k = its own sake4  ,!     
ideal ( ! common m9d ( ,quak] ,hill is !
 practice ( inn] & immat]ial religion4  

,x looks = ! effects ( c]ta9 dogmas1    
effects express$ 9 emotions1            
convictions1 exp]i5ces4 ,! ideal conta9s
 no ?\ght ( ! community or ( its welf>e4
 ,x is purely individual1 int]nal &     
emotional4  ,x 0 express$ 9 ! comm5t (  
"o excell5t repres5tative citiz5 ^u     
ano!r1 ,he does n seem to me to be ! man
 he once 04 ,he does n say 9 meet+s !   
?+s he us$ to say4 ,he us$ to be v      
helpful 9 8 rem>ks4 ,?is 0 said at a "t 
:5 ! citiz5 comm5t$ on 0 labor+         
h]oically = a public improvem5t by :i* !
 citiz5 speak+ w\ld *iefly be b5efit$4  
,! ,quak] ,hill man & woman desire to   
make money4 ,!y in/9ctively love money1 
?\gh n = any o!r purpose ?an sav+4 ,!y  
*]i% no illusions ( an unworldly sort   
ab\t x4 ,?is is true ( ,quak] &         
,ca?olic1 labor] & summ] resid5t4 ,x is 
true ( ! small class ( cultivat$        
intellectual-ae/hetes1 :o might be      
expect$ to be less m]c5>y4 ,!y all value
 money2 b n = display1 n = luxury1      
sc>cely = travel2 n = books or !        

education ( *ildr54 ,quak] ,hill m5 &   
wom5 w\ld accumulate money1 inve/ &     
manage x wisely & live 9 respectable    
pla9ness4 ,?is *>act]i/ic is writt5     
l>gely ov] ! :ole social area4 ,x is an 
in/9ct4  ,! emotional nature ( ?is      
population has be5 by long-cont9u$      
application ( an accept$ discipl9e1     
economic & religi\s1 re/ra9$ & s*ool$4  
,m beautiful p]sonalities ?an "s ( !    
,quak] & ,iri% wom5 ( ! ,hill1 s*ool$ 9 
a discipl9e :i* produces ! mo/ *>m+     
mann]s1 ! g5tle/ k9dness1 "o may nev]   
see4 ,!re is no cl\d 9 ! sky ( ^! wom5's
 ju/ice1 tru?fulness1 goodness4 ,"o may 
rememb]1 ev5 ) !m1 a day ( ang]1 (      
indignation2 b x 0 a /orm re/ra9$2 !    
lightn+s 7 held 9 sure h&s1 & ! attack 0
 em95tly j4  ,b ?is v discipl9e has     
result$1 9 o!r p]sons1 9 an explosive   
emotionality4 ,"o p]son suff]s ?is      
explosion 9 a p]iodic lawsuit--a r>e    
action = ! ,hill2 ano!r 9 an almo/      
insane family qu>rel1 ano!r 9 an        
occasional fury ( futile viol5ce1 ano!r 

9 p]iods1 increas+ 9 frequ5cy z he gr[s 
old]1 ( causeless & uncontroll$ ang]1 or
 extravagant grief2 & :5 weighti]       
occasion is lack+1 9 torr5ts ( language 
p\r$ =? f ! treasuries ( an exhau/less  
memory4 ,! v s]5ity & placidity :i*     
,quak] wor%ip & indu/ry produce 9 ! true
 ,quak] h result$ 9 ! emotional ru9 (   
"s1 & 9 ! subconsci\s volcanic /ate 9   
o!rs4  ,/range to say1 ! immigrants1    
,iri% & ,am]ican1 h 9 ?is con=m$ to !   
bett] type2 s t g5tle mann]s1 placidity 
( "* & re/ra9t ( emotion may be said to 
prevail among !m4  ,z = judgm5t1 on     
economic que/ions & matt]s ( b5evol5ce !
 judgm5t ( ,quak] ,hill p is s\nd4 ,!y  
use money sanely & ) wisdom4 ,!y act    
wisely 9 matt]s ( pov]ty & ne$1 or      
appeal on behalf ( ! dep5d5t4 ,on o!r   
matt]s1 outside ! range ( ! social      
discipl9e 9 :i* ! community has be5 to  
s*ool1 n s mu* c be said4  ,! judgm5t ( 
! community is n det]m9$ by evid5ce 9   
any o!r matt]s ?an economic4 ,! ,quak]  
,hill m9d works subjectively on ! l9es (

 in/9cts & habits inh]it$ & inbr$4      
,auto-sugge/ion has be5 a great =ce 9   
?is community4 ,m5 & wom5 h _h an       
impression1 a lead+1 believ$ to come f !
 ,div9e ,_s1 & h act$ ^u x & h l$ o!rs )
 !m4 ,s t ! prevail+ det]m9ation ( !    
social judgm5t has be5 by p]sonal       
sugge/ion1 & ! appeal ( inn]            
convictions1 =tifi$ by alleg$ div9e     
influ5ce4 ,x mu/ be said t ?is is a     
disappe>+ habit4 ,ev5 ^? born ,quak]s1  
n[ t ! ,hicksite ,meet+ has be5         
discont9u$ s9ce #ahhe1 & ! ,or?odox s9ce
 #aijc1 & ! ,qu>t]ly ,meet+s ( bo?      
societies h ceas$ to come to ! ,hill1 d 
n s (t5 see visions or act ^u lead+s4 ,!
 influ5ce ( non-,quak]s 9 ! place has   
be5 ( late to qu>ant9e su* lead+s &     
prev5t social contagion4  ,frugality is 
univ]sal4 ,almo/ e resid5t labor+ man   
has a bank acc\nt4 ,inde$1 ^! labor]s h 
done m 9 sav+ ?an h ! f>m]s4 ,b ! ta/es 
( all are simple4 ,clo?+ is nev] %[y or 
exp5sive1 & h\sekeep+ is c>ri$ on ) !   
mo/ sp>+ use ( pur*as$ articles4        

,cleanly mo/ ( ! p ( ! ,hill are1 9     
p]son & 9 _! c>e ( h\se & gr\nds1 (     
c>riages1 horses & o!r prop]ties4 ,!    
h\ses & b>ns are always fre%ly pa9t$1 & 
an appe>ance ( neatness p]vades !       
community4  ,= reasons :i* ,i w m5tion 9
 a lat] p>agraph ! m5 & wom5 tra9$ "u   
,quak]ism are n ord]ly1 ei!r 9 ! use (  
_! "t or 9 ! managem5t ( _! labor1 or 9 
any?+1 save 9 ! discipl9e ( _! religion 
& 9 ! economic sy/em to :i* !y give     
!mselves4  ,! community has gr[n 9      
compassion s9ce ! days :5 ,surgeon      
,fallon's soldi]s 7 />v$ & neglect$ 9 ! 
,meet+ ,h\se4 ,to-day ,i am sure no     
class ( m5 9 real ne$ c\ld appeal to !  
community1 or to any con/itu5t gr\p ( x1
 9 va94 ,! gr[? has be5 along l9es :i*1 
beg9n+ 9 a gr\p-compassion t has f      
e>lie/ days recomp5s$ any poor memb] ( !
 ,meet+ 9 8 sudd5 losses ( prop]ty1 h   
wid5$ fir/ to ,quak]s ( o!r places1 !n  
to o!r ,*ri/ians1 !n to o!r m51 & la/ ( 
all to ,quak]s ( ! o!r ,quak] sect2 & f 
,prote/ant to ,ca?olic & ,ca?olic to    

,prote/ant4  ,prop]ty seems to be sacr$4
 ,doors ( h\ses & b>ns d n require      
locks1 b "o w9t] !re 0 a s]ies (        
h\se-break+s1 9 :i* almo/ e summ]       
resid5ce on ! ,hill 0 ent]$4 ,cont5ts 7 
inspect$1 b no?+ 0 /ol54 ,b ! hone/y "h 
is a passive hone/y4 ,x is n !          
aggressively j fulfilm5t ( obligation   
:i* "o f9ds 9 ,new ,engl&4  ,! ,hill is 
a community ) a high level ( *a/ity4    
,?is may be said ( all classes1 ?\gh n  
uni=mly ( all4 ,yet x 0 n always s4 ,!  
fir/ c5tury ( ! life ( ! ,quak]s "h is  
record$ 9 ! m9utes ( ,oblong ,meet+ z "o
 long /ruggle ( ,quak] discipl9e aga9/  
un*a/ity4 ,!re is an amaz+ frankness    
ab\t ^! records1 & a p]si/5ce 9 !       
ex]cise ( discipl9e1 a frequ5cy (       
accusation1 pro(1 conviction1 expulsion 
f ! ,meet+1 :i* is a/oni%+ to ! tw5tie? 
c5tury read]4 ,! be/ families furni%$ ! 
culprits almo/ z (t5 z !y suppli$ !     
accus]s & prosecut+ committees4 ,s _m   
are ! cases & s frequ5t ! expulsions1   
(t5 = matt]s :i* might bett] h be5      

ignor$1 b g5]ally = sub/antial (f5ces1 t
 "o wond]s :o 0 left 9 ! ,meet+4 ,b m5  
(t5 confess$ & 7 receiv$ aga91 & !      
,meet+ held its gr\nd4 ,9 g5]al x may be
 said t (t5 9 ! eighte5? c5tury !re 7 m 
cases ( un*a/ity dealt ) 9 a ye> by !   
,meet+1 9 a population no l>g] ?an !    
pres5t1 ?an h come to public k 9 ! pa/  
t5 ye>s 9 ?is community4 ,! *ange %[s   
also 9 a res]ve ( spee* ^u ^! matt]s4   
,! *>act]i/ic pleasures ( ! community1 z
 a :ole1 are few4 ,!re is a gr\p ( wom5 
( leisure1 ( c\rse1 devot$ to           
bridge-:i/1 :o come 9 ! summ] & d n g f>
 f ! ,hotel4 ,"y m5 g hunt+1 & a few    
gr[n m5 are fond ( fi%+4 ,! typical     
p]son provides himself ) no pleasures   
outside ( 8 family & home4 ,m5 & wom5   
are too busy to play1 & ! ,quak]s       
educat$ !mselves out ( a playful m9d4   
,!re are a few pleasures :i* are native 
& g5]al4 ,"o ( ^! is public assembly1 ) 
an ent]ta9+ speak] z a c5tral pleasure4 
,quak] ,hill audi5ces are al]t & ke5    
he>]s1 & indulg5t critics ( a public    

speak]4 ,!re are only two o!r =ms (     
public ent]ta9m5t m pleas+ to !m4 ,!    
fir/ is a dramatic pres5tation4 ,_m ( ! 
,quak]s are excell5t actors1 & ! ,iri%  
are q _! equals1 :ile ! o!r newcom]s are
 equally appreciative4 ,! ,*ri/mas play 
9 ,ak9 ,hall is a great annual ev5t1    
assembl+ all ! p on ! ,hill ( all       
classes & gr\ps1 = x embodies v _m ( !  
appeals to *>act]i/ic pleasure4 ,only "o
 o!r attraction is m g5]ally respond$   
to2 ,i ref] to a d9n]4 ,some?+ good to  
eat1 9 common ) "o's neighbors1 9 a     
place hall[$ by hi/oric associations1 "u
 religi\s auspices--"h y h ! call t br+s
 ,quak] ,hill all toge!r4 ,on su* a day 
!re w be none left beh9d4  ,( all ^!    
sorts is ! attraction ! ,quak] ,hill    
,conf]5ce has = ! p ( ! neighborhood4 ,x
 is a univ]sal appeal to ! capacity =   
pleasure 9 ! community4 ,x pres5ts fam\s
 & eloqu5t speak]s ?r\gh ! days ( !     
week4 ,matt]s ( religion1 f>m+1 morals1 
lit]ature1 are discuss$1 by m5 ( ta/e & 
culture2 & ! clos+ day is ,quak] ,hill  

,day4 ,on ?is day1 aft] an assembly 9 ! 
old ,oblong ,meet+ ,h\se1 erect$ 9      
#agfd1 at :i* ! neighborhood has li/5$  
to pap]s descriptive ( ! pa/ ( ! ,hill1 
all adj\rn = a g5]\s d9n] "u ! trees (  
,ak9 ,hall1 or latt]ly "u a t5t beside !
 ,meet+ ,h\se1 p>tak5 ( by f\r hundr$ p1
 ( all gr\ps & classes1 & foll[$ by     
brisk1 happy spee*es by visitors pres5t4
 ,?is1 aft] almo/ two c5turies ( ke5    
int]e/ 9 ! "q ( amusem5ts1 is ! la/ &   
mo/ p]fect expression ( ! capacity =    
amusem5t 9 ! community4   ,illu/ration3 
,,oblong ,,meet+ ,,h\se   ,illu/ration3 
,,memorial ,,/one   ,( active           
pleasure-tak+1 ,quak] ,hill1 purely     
consid]$1 is incapable4  ,x %\ld be said
 t ! ,roman ,ca?olic ,*ur* 9 ,pawl+     
provides its p ) a ye>ly fea/1 p>allel )
 ! ,conf]5ce1 :i* 0 = ye>s held 9 a     
grove on ! bord]s ( ,quak] ,hill4       
,traits ( "* :i* are g5]al or ev5 common
 among ,quak] ,hill p are wor?y ( m5tion
 "u ! heads ( regul> indu/ry1 frugality1
 cleanl9ess1 temp]ance1 *a/ity1 hone/y z

 to prop]ty1 & compassion4  ,politically
 ! ,hill 0 until ! ye> #ahif incl9$ to  
be ,democratic4 ,= ye>s a numb] ( !     
,prote/ants on ! ,hill h be5            
,prohibitioni/s4  ,primitive notions (  
morals survive 9 spite ( :at has be5    
said e>li]1 9 isolat$ in/ances1 or t5d  
to recur 9 c]ta9 families4 ,until twelve
 ye>s ago memb]s ( c]ta9 families       
ma9ta9$ ! "r to cat* fi% ) a net 9      
,hamm]sley ,lake4 ,ov] ! l9e 9          
,connecticut ?is practice1 & t ( tak+   
fi% ) a spe>1 survive 9 spite ( law4 ,b 
?is primitive me?od 0 =cibly end$ by !  
attempt to arre/ ! *ief (f5d]4 ,he made 
8 escape f ! (fic]s1 b has nev] return$1
 & ! practice has n till ?is date1      
#aije1 be5 resum$ on ,quak] ,hill4      
,primitive moralities ( sex appe> 9     
c]ta9 families1 9 :i* 9 ea* g5]ation !re
 appe>s "o illegitimate *ild1 at lea/2 z
 x 7 a rem9d] ( _! disord]ly pa/4 ,!    
*>i-v>i survives among ! bett] class (  
work+ p1 a /range1 noisy outbreak = a   
,quak] community1 ) :i* a newly m>ri$   

pair are usually s]5ad$4  ,i f9d also no
 animi/ic ideas1 or practices2 no       
folk-lore & no magic4 ,! ,quak] ,hill   
imag9ation has be5 discipl9$4  ,!       
pref]r$ atta9m5t 9 ?is community is     
nei!r p[]1 spl5dor1 pleasure1 nor       
c]emonial purity2 nor yet ju/ice1 lib]ty
 or enlight5m5t2 b r1 fir/ ( all1       
prosp]ity1 a well-be+ 9 :i* "o's good   
=tune %$s its favors on o!rs2 secondly1 
righte\sness1 to be enjoy$ 9 religi\s   
complac5cy2 & ?irdly1 equality4 ,?is la/
 is "o ( ! few elem5ts ( a social ideal 
actually realiz$4 ,ev5 among ! wom5 ( ! 
place !re is a simple & unaffect$       
democracy 9 ! religi\s & communal       
societies1 :i* is q unusual 9 su* a     
place4  ,( sacr$ places !re are av[$ly  
none4 ,b ! hi/oric s5se ( ! community is
 rev]5t1 almo/ religi\s1 9 its reg>d = !
 pa/2 s t ! ,oblong ,meet+ ,h\se1 cradle
 ( ! community1 & = ov] a c5tury its    
home & h\se ( gov]nm5t1 is *ief 9 !     
affections ( all4 ,9 ! summ] ( #aijd ?is
 place 0 m>k$ = all "t by ! plac+ !re ( 

a b\ld] ( :ite feldsp>1 be>+ a bronze   
tablet inscrib$ ) ! important facts ( ! 
hi/ory ( t spot4  ,quak] ,hill does n   
desire to exp&4 ,! type ( community     
pref]r$ is ! simple1 small1 & exclusive4
 ,9 ?is all agree1 :e!r !y confess x or 
n4 ,no expansion w ev] come by native   
=ces or consci\s purpose4  ,quak] ,hill 
rev]es lead]s1 n h]oes2 & n sa9ts1 = m5 
h be5 *]i%$ = _! lead]%ip 9 dogmatic    
activities1 r ?an = _! ab/ract goodness 
or human value4 ,! type ( ! social m9d t
 has be5 mo/ e/eem$ is !                
dogmatic-emotional4 ,ev5 ,alb]t ,j4     
,ak91 ^: dogma 0 ! union ( all          
,*ri/ians1 _h no pati5ce ) any div]g5ce 
9 religi\s exp]i5ce f ?is1 8 dogma4  ,! 
=ms ( complex activity t are *iefly     
*]i%$ are1 fir/1 ! economic arts2       
second1 religion2 ?ird1 morals2 & f\r?1 
?+s p]ta9+ to co/ume4 ,! in/itutions    
*iefly priz$ are ! family & m>riage1 !  
economic sy/em & ! cultural sy/em1      
especially ! *ur*4  ,social welf>e is   
conceiv$ ( "u =ms ( peace1 ! increase & 

diffusion ( weal?1 indu/ry1 & by a      
m9ority1 culture4 ,high morality is mo/ 
valu$ z an elem5t 9 ! social p]sonality4
 ,next aft] x is a highly develop$      
sociality4 ,social policies w\ld be     
favor$ on ! ,hill z !y repres5t$        
au?ority & individualism4 ,conv]sion is 
! accept$ means ( modify+ type4         
,practical politics may be said to be   
=eign to ,quak] ,hill1 = reasons drawn f
 its isolation & religi\s (fi%ness4 ,an 
exception 0 9 ! e>ly "p ( ! n9ete5?     
c5tury1 :5 ,daniel ,ak91 app>5tly 9     
consequ5ce ( m]cantile position1 0      
elect$ ,c\nty ,judge4 ,aft] him1 8 bro!r
 ,albro 0 appo9t$ to ! (fice4  ,!       
consci\sness ( k9d on ,quak] ,hill is   
/rong] 9 ! gr\p ?an 9 ! community4 ,yet 
! g5]al s5se ( unity is v /rong & x (t5 
comes into play4  ,! *ief social bonds  
:i* unite ! :ole community are1 fir/ (  
all1 imitation1 9 :i* process x seems to
 me ! ,quak]s are a peculi>ly subtle p4 
,second1 a good-w :i* p]vades ! ,hill l 
a g5ial atmosph]e4 ,?ird1 k9dness1 :i*  

on c]ta9 occasions draws ! :ole         
community toge!r 9 unusual acts (       
helpfulness to "s memb] 9 ne$4          
,,*apt] ,v4  ,,practical ,,diff]5ces ,,&
 ,,resemblances4   ,! prevail+ type (   
m9d among ,quak] ,hill folk is !        
,ideo-,emotional2 = ^! folk are a g5tle1
 social sort ( p]sons1 ready (          
affection1 imag9ative & analogical 9    
m5tal process1 weak & complac5t 9       
emotionality1 ) motor reaction r        
incon/ant1 & ( sl[ response4 ,( ^! ,i   
f9d ?irty-sev5 families4  ,! next       
category is t ( ! ,dogmatic-,emotional1 
9 :i* ,i obs]ve tw5ty-two families4 ,^! 
are compos$ ( p]sons 9 :om au/]e &      
dom9e]+ "* proce$s f a dogmatic fixity (
 m9d1 & expresses itself 9 ! same       
incon/ant application %[n by ! =m]      
class4  ,a few ( ! m notable ( !        
p]sonalities produc$ by ,quak] bir? &   
bre$+ belong1 ,i ?9k1 9 ! ,ideo-,motor  
class4 ,i f9d only sev5 families ( t    
type1 b ! =ceful "*1 ( aggressive b5t1  
mod]ate intellect & /rong b             

well-controll$ emotion1 is di/9ctly     
pres5t2 & ?is class has furni%$ "s ( !  
mo/ successful ( ! sons ( ,quak] ,hill4 
,i h kn[n only six p]sons resid5t on !  
,hill 9 ! twelve ye>s "u /udy :o c\ld be
 describ$ z ,critically-,intellectual4  
,( ^!1 f\r h be5 br$ 9 ! l>g] s*ool ( ! 
city1 & only two h liv$ _! lives ^u !   
,hill4 ,( ^! six1 five are wom54  ,!re  
is1 ( c\rse1 only "o language spok5 9   
,quak] ,hill4 ,inde$ only "o or two     
p]sons h any o!r ?an ,engli% z _! native
 tongue4#ce ,& v few h acquir$ any o!r z
 a matt] ( culture4 ,! vocabul>y us$ is 
limit$4 ,an intellig5t obs]v] says3 ,!  
vocabul>y ( ! native community is !     
meag]e/ ,i h ev] kn[n1 except t ( !     
immigrant4 ,!re are1 h[ev]1 v few       
illit]ates2 none1 inde$1 9 ! lit]al     
mean+ ( ! t]m4  ,mann]s on ! :ole are   
uni=m = ! resid5t population4 ,( c\rse !
 summ] p h ! conv5tional mann]s1 or lack
 ( mann]s1 ( ! city4 ,s f> z religion   
has %ap$ ! mann]s ( ! old ,quak] gr\p1  
!y are (t5 g5tle & ref9$2 b z (t5 blunt 

& imp]i\s4 ,! ,iri% h ! be/ mann]s1 ,i  
obs]ve1 & ! m transi5t summ] p & f>m-h&s
 ! wor/4 ,9 bo? ! la/ two classes !re is
 too (t5 a pride 9 rud5ess & vulg>ity   
:i* ! native ( mature ye>s nev]         
exhibits4 ,! ,quak] & ! ,ca?olic are    
equally c]emoni\s 9 incl9ation4 ,! latt]
 always desires to please4 ,! ,quak]1 :5
 he desires to please1 is capable ( v   
f9e c\rtesy2 b he does n always desire1 
& he has less insight into ! ess5ce ( a 
social situation4  ,! community has _h a
 hi/ory1 ( c\rse1 9 ! matt] ( co/ume4 ,!
 ,meet+ ,h\se law made co/ume a matt] ( 
e?ics = a c5tury4 ,b to-day !re is great
 div]sity4 ,probably ?is is a sign ( !  
transition f ! ,quak] to ! broad] human 
ord]4 ,b all "o c say ^u co/ume is t !re
 is n[ no dress prescrib$ = any         
occasion4 ,at "o extreme !re are a few1 
9 #aije only ?ree1 9 #aijg only "o1 :o  
we> ! ,quak] g>b4 ,at ! o!r extreme are 
outsid]s :o dress z ! city tailor &     
mill9] clo! !m4 ,& betwe5 ^! !re is     
lib]ty4  ,! dispositions aga9 are v>i$4 

,"o f9ds ! aggressiv5ess ( five /irr+ m5
 & ?ree capable wom5 suffici5t to give  
"* to ! place4 ,_m functions ( !        
community are /ill vigor\sly upheld1 yet
 ! numb] ( aggressive spirits is        
dim9i%+4 ,! in/igative type is pres5t 9 
?ree1 & its processes give pleasure to  
all :o behold4 ,! dom9e]+ type is pres5t
 9 eight memb]s1 especially 9 ^?        
families :i* claim by "r ( inh]itance   
ei!r social or religi\s lead]%ip4 ,&1 z 
to o!rs1 z ,i quot$ an obs]v] above1 ,!y
 are an ob$i5t p4 ,i d n "k any creative
 m9ds1 mu* less any class ) orig9al     
initiative4 ,if !re _h be5 any su*1     
,quak] ,hill w\ld h produc$ arti/s1     
great & small1 & writ]s1 n a few4 ,!re  
is a consci\sness ( mat]ial = creation1 
& 9 c]ta9 families ! culture :i*        
creation presupposes2 b some?+ 9        
,quak]ism has quiet$ ! muse & bank$ !   
fires4  ,z to types ( "*1 !re are =ceful
 p]sons1 a v few1 n9e at ! utmo/ be+ (  
?is type4 ,au/]e p]sons1 :o h 9 ! pa/   
giv5 to ! ,hill mu* ( its "*1 h almo/   

disappe>$1 n m ?an f\r be+ )9 t         
category1 among ! population "u /udy 9  
?is "p ( ! book4  ,! numb] ( !          
rationally consci5ti\s is z small z is t
 ( ! convivial4 ,! ,meet+1 :i* 0 = ov] a
 c5tury ! organ ( consci5ce = !         
community1 d5i$ to ! convivial _!       
lic5se1 & releas$ ! consci5ti\s f any   
obligation to be rational4 ,! ,meet+ has
 n[ b rec5tly pass$ away1 & its /&>ds ( 
"* speak z l\dly z ev]4 ,i f9d ?ree wom5
 :o may be call$ rationally consci5ti\s1
 "o a ,quak]ess1 "o a ,new ,york]1 & "o 
( ,quak] bir? & worldly bre$+4 ,i f9d   
also ?ree :o are truly convivial 9 type1
 "o a son ( ,quak]s1 & two :o are ,iri% 
,ca?olics2 :ile to ^! might be add$ two 
^: designation ought to be              
,indu/ri\s-,convivial1 h>d-work+ m5 :o  
are fond ( social pleasure z an end (   
life4  ,a few 9 c]ta9 h\seholds1 ?ree 9 
numb]1 are intellectually ae/hetic 9 a  
passive way1 fond ( art & books1 b      
creat+ no?+4 ,two arti/s ( note h 9 !   
pa/ twelve ye>s come to ! ,hill1 b\ght  

places & made x at lea/ a summ] home4   
,x mu/ n be inf]r$ f ! =ego+ t !re is n 
a wide range ( m5tal diff]5ce among     
,quak] ,hill m5 & wom54 ,9 ! matt] (    
quickness & sl[ness ( action ?is        
v>iation appe>s ev5 among ! memb]s ( any
 "o gr\p4 ,9 ! same family are two      
bro!rs1 bo? f>m]s1 bo? t5ants4 ,"o is   
able to f>m a ?\s& acres m successfully 
?an ! o!r c cultivate two hundr$4 ,! "o 
is in/ant 9 judgm5t1 swift 9 action1    
able to compress into an h\r heavy      
physical labor & also ! control ( _m o!r
 m54 ,! o!r is leisurely1 indol5t 9     
movem5t1 ?\gh a dilig5t man1 & is z mu* 
burd5$ by increase ( responsibilities z 
! =m] is /imulat$4 ,^! two m5 are n     
exceptional1 b typical4 ,! extreme (    
sl[ness is inde$ repres5t$ 9 "o man ^:  
tortoise pace 9 all matt]s dep5d5t on ! 
m9d & w is oddly contra/$ ) 8 vigor &   
en]gy ( mann]4 ,8 movem5ts are a        
provocation ( delight$ comm5ts by 8     
neighbors2 ,i ?9k p>tly because !y are  
felt to be repres5tative ( :at is lat5t 

9 o!r m51 & p>tly because he is surr\nd$
 by o!rs m al]t4 ,su* m5 are ! outcropp+
 ( a ve9 ( deg5]ate w4 ,x is n immoral  
deg5]acy1 b its weakness is incapacity =
 action ( any k9d1 inability to see & d 
! specific task4 ,?is deg5]ate w does n 
ext5d to traditional morals1 & does n   
always affect :ole families4 ,b its     
p]vasive effects are se5 9 almo/ all !  
repres5tatives ( ?ree l>ge families ( ! 
old ,quak] /ock4 ,contra/$ to ^! are "s 
( ! old /ock1 :o ?\gh sl[ ( ?\ght & b>r5
 ( m5tal initiative1 are swift ( action1
 sure 9 syn!sis ( a situation1 & in/ant 
9 p]=mance ( precisely ! requisite de$4 
,"o f9ds on ! ,hill _m examples ( native
 adm9i/rative ability ( a high ord]--= a
 f>m is z complicat$ a prop]ty z a      
railway is4 ,!re are fully z _m o!rs :o 
w\ld be burd5$ ) ! c>es ( a             
ticket-*opp]4  ,n a few on ! ,hill are l
 ! f>m] :o1 s5t on an err& to br+ "s    
gue/s f a tra9 to a c]ta9 h\se1 sp5t    
half an h\r aft] meet+ ! gue/s 9        
conv]sation ) !m 9 ! railway /ation be=e

 m5tion+ 8 err&2 & w\ld h made x an h\r 
_h !y n inquir$ ( him = a conveyance4   
,yet a neighbor ( 81 9 ! same social    
gr\p1 closely relat$1 has unusual       
capacity = affairs4  ,! in/9cts ( ! p ( 
! ,hill are n1 ,i ?9k1 s v>i$4 ,!y      
involunt>ily respect religion1 :5       
express$ ) s9c]ity1 & inc>nat$ 9 /r5g? (
 "*4 ,x mu/ h ! au?ority1 h[ev]1 (      
/r5g?1 at lea/ passive /r5g?1 to appeal 
to local in/9ct4   #ce ,9 #aije-g six   
,sw$es & ,poles also h come1 z labor]s4 
,,*apt] ,,vi4  ,,! ,,social             
,,organization4   ,! memb]s ( !         
community h organiz$ !mselves into      
associations = ! c>ry+ on ( special =ms 
( activity to a degree :i* is wor?y (   
record4 ,z "o might expect1 ! societies 
( mo/ vigor are ^? ma9ta9$ by ! wom51   
s9ce ! m5 h nev] be5 able spontane\sly  
to organize1 or to ma9ta91 any society  
on ! ,hill4  ,c5tral to all ?is         
organization1 ?r\gh ! p]iod ( ! ,mix$   
,community1 has be5 ,ak9 ,hall          
,association1 creat$ by "o man1 & end[$ 

by him4 ,"u its %elt] a *ur* & libr>y   
live1 & a ye>ly ,conf]5ce is ma9ta9$ =  
five days 9 ! mon? ( ,septemb]4 ,9 ?is  
*apt] we w consid] fir/ ! incorporat$1  
!n ! un9corporat$ societies4  ,! *ief   
incorporat$ in/itution on ,quak] ,hill  
is ,ak9 ,hall ,association1 f\nd$ 9     
#ahhj by ,alb]t ,j4 ,ak94 ,x 0 8        
int5tion to create an in/itution ( !    
broade/ purpose1 ?r\gh :i* c\ld be c>ri$
 on activities ( a religi\s1 lit]>y1    
educational1 b5evol5t & g5]ally helpful 
ord]4 ,alb]t ,ak9 end[$1 said a visitor1
 n a college or a hospital1 b a         
community6 ,! *>t] ( ! ,association1 :i*
 0 f "t to "t1 on advice1 am5d$1 up to !
 "t ( ,mr4 ,ak9's dea? 9 #aijc1 provid$ 
= ! mo/ ca?olic end[m5t ( ,quak] ,hill1 
9 e possible ne$ ( its population4  ,!  
p>ticul> directions 9 :i* ?is end[m5t   
has be5 us$ are two4 ,a libr>y & a *ur* 
are 9 active use by ! neighborhood1 !   
=m] s9ce #ahhc1 & ! latt] s9ce #ahie1 ( 
:i* ,i w speak 9 detail h]eaft]4  ,ak9  
,hall ,association is a corporation     

consi/+ ( five tru/ees1 a self-p]petuat+
 body1 & elev5 o!r memb]s4 ,! numb] (   
tru/ees 0 orig9ally sixte51 b ,mr4 ,ak9 
e>ly yield$ to legal advice 9 conc5trat+
 au?ority 9 five p]sons2 :ile cont9u+ ! 
rema9+ elev5 z a quasi-public to :om !  
five report _! do+s1 & ) :om !y regul>ly
 conf]4 ,! annual meet+ ( ! ,association
 is ^u ! bir?day ( ! f\nd]1 ,augu/ #ad?4
 ,at t "t ! tru/ees assemble at two p4  
m4 = ! transaction ( bus9ess1 election (
 memb]s & ( (fic]s2 & at #c p4 m4 !     
memb]s' meet+ is call$ to ord]1 ! (fic]s
 ( ! tru/ees be+ (fic]s ( ! :ole body4  
,memb]s are p]mitt$ & expect$ to inquire
 z to activities ( ! ,association1 its  
funds & its "w 9 g5]al1 & to vote on all
 matt]s com+ be=e ! body = its action4  
,only no action involv+ ! exp5diture (  
money1 or ! election ( tru/ees1 %all be 
valid )\t ! concurr5ce 9 majority op9ion
 ( a majority ( ! tru/ees4  ,! *ief     
int]e/ ( ! tru/ees has always be5 ! c>e 
( ! prop]ty ( ! ,association1 :i*       
includes inve/$ funds1 & ! foll[+       

build+s1 ) ab\t ?irty acres ( l&3 a     
hotel1 hav+ rooms = two hundr$ gue/s1 a 
/one libr>y1 a *apel1 & sev5 cottages4  
,! hotel is usually r5t$ to a           
proprietor1 & ! duties ( ! libr>y & *ur*
 are laid ^u a m9i/]1 ! e>lie/ ( :om1   
,mr4 ,*as4 ,ryd]1 0 call$ ! ,ag5t4  ,!  
,ak9 ,free ,libr>y1 consi/+ ( ab\t ?ree 
?\s& books1 select$ ) uncommon wisdom by
 committees ( ladies ?r\gh ab\t         
tw5ty-five ye>s1 0 orig9ally e/abli%$ by
 ! ladies ( ! ,hill1 9 ! e>ly eighties1 
?r\gh a popul> fund4 ,x has ev] s9ce be5
 fund$ by ! ,ak9 ,hall ,association1 :o 
h also giv5 x qu>t]s1 & c>e1 9 ! ,*apel 
kn[n z ,ak9 ,hall4 ,x w soon be mov$    
into ! /one ,libr>y1 erect$ 9 #ahih1 b  
only f9i%$ 9 #aijf1 & x is reasonable to
 suppose t x w !re h a wid] scope & an  
increas+ use4  ,! ,libr>y has be5 manag$
 prim>ily = ! use ( ! ,summ] p1 & !     
books h ! excell5ce ( _! selection1 z   
well z ! proportion ( c]ta9 k9ds (      
books1 det]m9$ by ! pref]5ces ( ! ,summ]
 resid5ts4 ,no adequate records are kept

 ( ! books us$2 s t x is impossible to  
give /ati/ics ( ! specific utility ( !  
libr>y4 ,b x occupies a real place 9 !  
community1 & is drawn ^u by families f e
 section ( ! population4  ,! fact t x 0 
orig9ally assembl$ by popul>            
subscription1 & only lat] su/a9$ by !   
,ak9 end[m5t is a tok5 ( ! exceptional  
lat5t int]e/ 9 lit]ature1 & ! passive   
culture1 to :i* tribute has be5 paid 9  
?is /udy ( ! ,quak] ,hill population4 ,x
 is fair to say1 h[ev]1 t su* int]e/ has
 be5 conf9$ to a small gr\p ( !         
population1 n[ fa/ disappe>+4  ,!re is a
 small corporation1 =m$ = ! purpose (   
hold+ & c>+ = ! ,old ,meet+ ,h\se4 ,x is
 kn[n z ,oblong ,meet+ ,h\se1           
,incorporat$4 ,to ?is corporation1      
consi/+ ( ?ree tru/ees1 a self-p]petuat+
 body1 ! ,ye>ly ,meet+ ( ,fri5ds#cf h&$ 
ov] 9 #aijb ! build+ & gr\nds kn[n z !  
,old ,meet+ ,h\se1 at ,site #bh4 ,?is   
anci5t build+1 erect$ 9 #agfd1 is       
probably ! olde/ edifice on ! ,hill1 &  
is ! embodim5t ( ! religi\s & hi/orical 

traditions ( ! community4 ,^! tru/ees   
att5d to ! repair ( ! ,meet+ ,h\se1 :i* 
is ma9ta9$ 9 exactly ! condition 9 :i* x
 0 us$ = ov] a c5tury4 ,no meet+ (      
wor%ip is held n[ 9 ?is build+1 ! mon?ly
 meet+ hav+ be5 laid d[n 9 #ahhe4 ,!    
build+ is1 h[ev]1 ! c5t] ( frequ5t      
pilgrimages dur+ ! summ]1 by ! visitors 
to ! ,hill & bo>d]s1 :o delight 9 its   
qua9t int]ior4 ,x is us$ = occasional   
sales = ! b5efit ( "s public int]e/4    
,once a ye> at ! close ( ,quak] ,hill   
,conf]5ce1 x is ! place ( ,quak] ,hill  
,day ex]cises1 at :i* addresses & pap]s 
are pres5t$1 9 celebration &            
commemoration ( ! pa/ hi/ory ( !        
community4  ,! ,hill has record ( few   
revivals4 ,quak] ways preclude          
surprises1 & revivals usually arise f   
new ?+s4 ,!re 01 h[ev]1 dur+ five ye>s1 
#ahib-ahig1 a religi\s awak5+1 prolong$ 
mon? aft] mon?1 = five ye>s ) undim9i%$ 
=ce4 ,! cause ( x seems to h be5 ! /udy 
( ! ,bible 9 ! hi/oric me?od2 a new mode
 ( awak5+ traditional religi\s int]e/4  

,dur+ t "t ! :ole community 0 ke5ly     
alive1 old & "y2 & 9 c]ta9 cases a *ange
 ( life became p]man5t4 ,9 _m "y p]sons 
a def9ite religi\s impulse 0 ! result4  
,?is quick5$ religi\s int]e/ involv$ all
 ! ,quak] influ5ce1 bo? ,or?odox &      
,hicksite1 & x 0 re9=c$ by sev]al /rong 
p]sonalities f outside ! ,hill1 p]sons  
tra9$ 9 *ur* "w 9 ,new ,york & else:]e4 
,x cry/alliz$ 9 ! organization ( ,*ri/'s
 ,*ur*1 ,quak] ,hill1 9 ! ,spr+ ( #ahie1
 :i* receiv$ at ! beg9n+ adh]5ts ( all !
 religi\s gr\ps repres5t$ on ! ,hill4   
,)9 ?ree ye>s x _h gr[n to a memb]%ip ( 
sixty-five1 among :om 7 memb]s or       
adh]5ts ( ! foll[+ religi\s bodies1     
,prote/ant ,episcopal ,*ur*1 ,anglican &
 ,roman ,ca?olic ,*ur*es1 ,quak]s1      
,hicksite & ,or?odox1 ,presbyt]ian1     
,bapti/1 ,me?odi/ ,episcopal1           
,congregational1 ,disciples & ,lu!ran4  
,?is *ur* is s]v$ by ! m9i/] employ$ 9  
,ak9 ,hall1 & x has !re=e a peculi>     
place4 ,its memb]%ip is drawn f !       
population resid5t on ! ,hill4 ,its     

doctr9al tru?s are simple1 namely !     
,apo/les' ,cre$4 ,its ord9ances are     
ela/ic1 baptism be+ waiv$ 9 ! case ( ^? 
:o1 be+ tra9$ z ,quak]s1 d n believe 9  
wat] baptism2 & by ! conditions affix$  
to ,mr4 ,ak9's end[m5t1 t no            
d5om9ational use %\ld ev] be made ( ,ak9
 ,hall1 x is )\t sect>ian connections4  
,! religi\s s]vices 9 ,ak9 ,hall h 9    
,summ] be5 att5d$ s9ce #ahhj by numb]s (
 summ] p1 f ,mizz5-,top ,hotel & !      
bo>d+-h\ses4 ,a ,sunday ,s*ool 0 ma9ta9$
 f #ahij to #aije1 a ,*ri/ian ,endeavor 
,society f #ahid to #aijc4 ,bo? h be5   
discont9u$1 ow+ to lack ( memb]s4  ,!   
*ur* has also a dim9i%$ memb]%ip1       
especially s9ce #aijc1 ow+ 9 "p to m]e  
removal ( population2 & ev5 m to ! dea? 
& removal f ! ,hill ( p]sons ( =ceful1  
aggressive type1 & ! impov]i%m5t ( !    
population 9 respect ( initiative &     
coh]5ce4  ,! o!r ag5cy c>ri$ on "u !    
patronage ( ,ak9 ,hall ,association is !
 ,quak] ,hill ,conf]5ce4 ,f\nd$ 9 #ahii 
by ,mr4 ,ak91 ent]ta9$ by ,miss         

,monahan1 ?is assembly has made         
,septemb] ( ea* ye> a focal po9t 9 local
 int]e/4 ,= five days ( public meet+s1  
,bible /udy1 addresses ^u religion1     
social & economic topics1 culm9at+ 9 a  
great d9n]1 ( :i* f\r hundr$ p>take1 x  
is ! mod]n successor ( ! n[ ext9ct      
,quak] ,qu>t]ly meet+s4 ,x exp5d$ 9     
#aijg ab\t #a1djj1 ( :i* ab\t half 0    
contribut$ by ,ak9 ,hall ,association1 &
 ! rema9d] by individuals4  ,! gr\ps 9  
:i* ! wom5 ( ! ,hill are associat$ are (
 great int]e/4 ,! ,roman ,ca?olic wom5 h
 only _! k9%ip associations1 & no       
volunt>y associations1 be+ g5]ally 9 !  
employ ( ,prote/ants1 & hav+ _! *ur*    
c5t] away f ! ,hill 9 ,pawl+ village4   
,! ,k+'s ,daught]s is ! l>ge/           
association1 & mo/ repres5tative ( !    
,hill1 bo? 9 its numb]s1 frequ5cy (     
meet+s & v>iety ( int]e/s2 ?\gh x is n !
 olde/4 ,x has a memb]%ip ( =ty1 & is   
actively devotional1 *>itable &         
b5evol5t4 ,x s]ves also a useful purpose
 9 provid+ social meet+s1 baza>s1 sales 

& o!r occasions ?r\gh\t ! ye> :i* br+   
neighbors toge!r2 & uses _! assembl+ = !
 assi/+ ( ! poor1 ignorant or ne$y4     
,?is society1 z well z ! "o to be       
m5tion$ next1 exemplifies ! real        
democracy 9 :i* ! wom5 ( ! ,hill meet & 
plan = common local int]e/s2 a f9e _s & 
practical effici5cy *>act]iz+ _! meet+s1
 & ea* woman1 h[ev]1 humble1 hav+ a "p )
 ! be/ 9 ! g5]al result4  ,! ,wayside   
,pa? ,association is small] 9 numb] (   
memb]s1 z well z old] ?an ! ,k+'s       
,daught]s2 inde$1 x has p]haps no fix$  
memb]%ip1 b is an assembl+ ( ! wom5 ( ! 
place ab\t a small gr\p z a work+ c5t] =
 a ye>ly duty4 ,its purpose is to ma9ta9
 a dirt sidewalk1 ov] ?ree miles 9 l5g?1
 :i* foll[s ! road nor?w>d & s\?w>d1 f !
 ,gl5 to ! ,po/ ,(fice1 ) bran*es4 ,once
 a ye> ! ,association meets1 ga!rs funds
 by a sale or by subscription1 hires a  
labor] to repair ! ,wayside ,pa?2 !n = a
 ye> lies dormant4 ,9 #ahih !re 0 a     
g5]al ef=t made to trans=m ?is          
association into a g5]al ,village       

,improvem5t ,society1 ) div]sifi$       
int]e/s1 into :i* m5 w\ld come1 b x     
fail$1 & no su* society exi/s4  ,! ,we/ 
,m\nta9 ,mission is an association (    
ladies ( ! ,hill1 :o ?r\gh sales &      
baza>s1 supplem5t$ by gifts1 contribute 
to ! support ( a *apel ( ! ,prote/ant   
,episcopal ,*ur*1 two miles we/ (       
,pawl+4 ,?is association draws its      
memb]%ip f ! hotel gue/s & f resid5ts 9 
! cottages2 & b little f ! ess5tial     
,quak] ,hill h\seholds4  ,! same may be 
said ( :i/ clubs ma9ta9$ 9 ! summ] at ! 
hotel & cottages4   ,illu/ration3 ,,roby
 ,,osborn ,,ri*>d ,,osborn   #cf ,!     
,hicksite or ,unit>ian body held        
possession ( ! ,meet+ ,h\se 9 #ahbh1 &  
until ! above action4     ,,*apt] ,,vii4
  ,,! ,,social ,,welf>e4   ,quak] ,hill 
is an example ( ! work+ ( a religi\s &  
economic sy/em t[>d its inevitable      
results 9 social welf>e4 ,! results     
consci\sly s\ght 7 ma9ly p]sonal4 ,!y 7 
n seek+ culture or security or equity1 &
 n attempt+ to create a community1 ^?   

e>ly ,quak]s2 b !y s\ght ) all _! he>t &
 m9d aft] prosp]ity1 individual &       
communal2 aft] vitality1 morality & t   
self-expression :i* is 9 ! =m (         
self-sacrifice or altruism 9 ! s]vice ( 
o!rs4 ,! consci\s m9d ( ! ,quak] fa!rs (
 ?is community 0 o!r-worldly1 except 9 !
 matt]s ( bus9ess--( :i* m lat]4 ,t     
spiritual /ate ( m9d 0 int5sely         
individual4 ,all ! int]e/s x reg>d$ 7 ( 
! self1 conceiv$ z an inn]1 immat]ial   
duplicate ( ! body1 de/9$ = heav5 aft]  
dea?1 & n[ enjoy+ int]*anges ( exp]i5ce1
 especially ( emotion & intellig5ce1 ) !
 ,deity1 dur+ life4  ,x 0 a m9d         
consci\sly fram$ to s]ve p]sonal        
developm5t1 ) no ?\ght ( public or      
common int]e/s4 ,yet subconsci\sly !    
,quak] 0 acutely aw>e ( common int]e/s4 
,a ,quak] frequ5tly uses ! expression ,i
 feel myself 9 unity ) !m4 ,_! doctr9e (
 ! indwell+ ( ! div9e 9 e man made !m   
quick to feel common emotion4 ,_!       
gr\p-sympa?y 0 lively & /rong4 ,!y felt 
! community1 ?\gh !y nev] ?\ght ^u x4   

,subconsci\sly1 ?\gh n consci\sly1 !y 7 
public-spirit$4 ,!y act$ ^u a f9e social
 _s1 ?\ght !y taught no social gospel4  
,! supreme result ( effici5t            
organization1#cg says ,pr(essor ,f4 ,h4 
,gidd+s1 & ! supreme te/ ( effici5cy is 
! developm5t ( ! p]sonality ( ! social  
man4 ,if ! man himself becomes less     
social1 less rational1 less manly2 if he
 falls f ! highe/ type1 :i* seeks       
self-realization ?r\gh a critical       
intellig5ce & emotional control1 to "o (
 ^? l[] types :i* manife/ only !        
primitive virtues ( p[]2 if he becomes  
unsocial1 ! social organization1 :atev] 
its app>5t m]its1 is fail+ to a*ieve its
 supreme object4 ,if1 on ! contr>y1 !   
man is becom+ ev] bett] z a human be+1 m
 rational1 m sympa!tic1 ) an ev] broad5+
 consci\sness ( k9d1 !n1 :atev] its     
app>5t defects1 ! social organization is
 s\nd & effici5t4 ,let u consid] :e!r   
,quak] ,hill has met ?is te/4 ,x has be5
 well organiz$4 ,x has _h def9ite       
purposes4 ,:at has be5 ! type ( welf>e  

enjoy$ z a result8 ,:at k9d ( man has   
em]g$ f almo/ two c5turies ( cultivation
 ( a religi\s & economic ideal8  ,9     
economic op]ations ! ,quak]s dwelt 9 ?is
 _w4 ,!y s\ght a liv+ & !y s\ght        
weal?--n = ! s]vices weal? c r5d] 9     
culture & education1 b to accumulate x1 
possess x1 inve/ & manage x1 & to live 9
 pla9ness4  ,yet !y subconsci\sly did   
also seek aft] a prosp]ity t %\ld be    
g5]al4 ,n closely1 n 9 any decl>ations  
or def9ite tea*+s ( _! code1 b /ill 9 a 
real way1 z a by-product ( _! code (    
life1 !y act$ s t none 9 _! community   
%\ld be 9 want4 ,?is !y did ) pr(\nd    
wisdom--= !y taught no communal         
doctr9e--& ! details ( _! action t[>d   
weak] memb]s ( ! neighborhood 7         
uncommonly %rewd & s5sible4 ,i w %[ lat]
 ! effects ( ?is 9 ! fact t ! population
 "u our /udy %[s ! abs5ce ( defective   
classes 9 a significant degree4 ,!re are
 no idiots1 no defective1 no crim9al1 no
 paup] classes among ! ,quak] ,hill     
population4  ,! m9d ( ! community _h1   

inde$1 an active int]e/ 9 lib]ty & !    
contribution not$ above 7see ,*4 ,,iv4  
,"p ,i7 9 ! agitation = ! abolition (   
slav]y 9 ?is /ate 0 an act ( public _s  
along ! l9es ( a great national         
exp]i5ce4 ,! fact t ! meet+ ( ,fri5ds 9 
#agfg 0 held on ,quak] ,hill1 :i*       
initiat$ effective action aga9/         
slave-hold+1 is mu* *]i%$ on ! ,hill1 & 
is commemorat$ 9 a /one & bronze        
memorial at ! ,meet+ ,h\se4  ,equality (
 suffrage & univ]sal suffrage are       
jeal\sly believ$ 91 ow+ to ! ,quak]     
tea*+ z to woman's p>ity ) man4 ,yet 9 !
 s*ool-meet+1 9 :i* wom5 h ! same "r to 
vote t m5 h1 !re are seldom any wom5    
pres5t4 ,inde$1 except = a pack$ meet+  
once 9 a decade1 to decide "s agitat$   
"q1 few wom5 att5d s*ool-meet+s4  ,!    
size ( ! hold+s ( l& on ! ,hill1 & !    
curve ( increase & decrease = sev5ty    
ye>s1 are exhibit$ 9 ,table ,,ii4       
,,table ,,ii4  ,l&-,hold+s on ,quak]    
,hill3 ,acreages on :i* ,own]s are tax$4
    ,ye>s            #ahce    #ahde     

#ahfe    #ahge    #ahij    #aijj        
#aijf                                   
----------------------------------------
--------------------------------  ,no4  
,own]s         #ca      #bf      #ci    
#ea      #dh      #ec      #db          
----------------------------------------
--------------------------------        
,highe/ ,acreage   #faj     #edj        
#dde     #dbj     #edj     #edj     #edj
  ,high] ,qu>tile   #cgh     #bfj       
#bbe     #bbe     #ahc4e   #bbb4e   #bfe
  ,av]age           #bbb     #bjf       
#aej4e   #adg4h   #acg4h   #aed         
#ahd4b  ,m$ian            #ahg     #aej 
#aca     #abj     #ajd     #abj         
#aee4e  ,l[] ,qu>tile     #hj     #ajj  
#ei      #eb      #dc4e    #eg      #ij 
,l[e/ ,acreage      #a      #db       #c
       #f       #e       #a       #f    
,! above table gives 9 a graphic mann] !
 t5d5cy ( weal? to increase1 on ! ,hill1
 s f> z weal? is repres5t$ 9 l&4 ,x is  
to be not$ t ^! figures1 tak5 f !       
,tax-,li/s ( ! t[n ( ,pawl+1 are n      

precisely accurate1 especially 9 ! l[]  
ranges4 ,!re is an evid5t inaccuracy 9 !
 report+ ( ! small] places4 ,yet f !m ! 
foll[+ may be inf]r$3 ,fir/1 t f !      
beg9n+ ( ! reports1 :i* 0 ab\t ! end ( !
 p]iod ( ! ,quak] ,community1 !re 0 a   
%r9kage 9 ! size ( ! l&-hold+s on !     
,hill2 & f ! beg9n+ ( ! p]iod ( ! ,mix$ 
,community a rise 9 ! g5]al av]ages4 ,! 
l[e/ ( ! curve is ab\t #ahij1 9 !       
,m$ian1 ! av]age & 9 ea* ( ! qu>tiles4  
,second1 ! incom+ ( ! ,iri% immigrants1 
:o began to be l&-hold]s ab\t #ahej1    
multipli$ ! numb] ( small hold+s ( l&4  
,j :at cause has op]at$ 9 ! ye>s        
#ahij-aijf to increase ! size ( ! hold+s
 ( l& x is h>d to say1 unless x be !    
expectation t l& w\ld h a value1 :i* is 
ar\s$ by ! pres5ce on ! ,hill e summ] ( 
visitors to a numb] equal to ! numb]s ( 
! resid5t population4 ,x is evid5t at ! 
pres5t "t1 :5 ! milk bus9ess has be5    
r$uc$ to half 9 ! pa/ five ye>s1 t !    
f>m]s are hold+ _! l&s ) a hope ( sell+4
  ,x is wor?y ( rem>k t ! tax-li/ ( !   

t[n furni% no o!r data ( reliable value1
 or ev5 ( sugge/ion1 be+ obvi\sly       
inaccurate & unev5 9 _! reports ( !     
values ( l&1 & ( ! hold+s ( p]sonal     
prop]ty4  ,! fact t is n record$ 9 !    
above /ati/ics is ?is3 t c]ta9 own]s1   
associat$ 9 close family ties1 own all !
 l& ( greate/ value4 ,sev5 family gr\ps 
possess1 9 ! names ( elev5 ( ! above    
own]s1 all ! l& ne> ! ,hotel1 all ! l& =
 :i* any "o has ev] ?\ght ( *>g+ m ?an  
fifty doll>s an acre4 ,^! elev5 own]s ( 
all ! l& ( greate/ value possess        
probably n9e-t5?s ( ! p]sonal prop]ty4  
,hold+s ( prop]ty on ,quak] ,hill are v 
unequal4 ,! smalle/ own] ( real e/ate   
has an acre1 & ! l>ge/ ab\t six hundr$  
acres4 ,contra/s "h are %>p & p]man5t4  
,! same families h possess$ c]ta9       
prop]ties = _m decades1 (t5 = two       
c5turies2 & g5]ally ,quak] ,hill        
families d n sell till !y all die or    
move away4  ,weal? is increas+ on ,quak]
 ,hill 9 ! sl[ c\rse ( ye>s1 & probably 
along ! l9es ( pres5t gr[?1 w increase4 

,x is di/ribut$ ) m>k$ inequality4 ,!   
t5d5cy1 especially 9 c5tral t]ritory1 is
 t[>d increas+ inequality4 ,!re is a    
small gr\p at a high degree4  ,yet !    
community is g5]ally prosp]\s &         
well-to-d4 ,!re are none poor4 ,inde$1 !
 weal?y wom5 :o began to come to        
,mizz5-,top ,hotel 9 #ahhj1 look+ ab\t =
 "s poor to assi/1 7 oblig$ to g (f !   
,hill to ! s\?1 & lay hold ( a lonely   
female ) a curi\s n]v\s malady b        
self-respect+ )al1 & delib]ately        
paup]ize h]4 ,to ?is process1 aft] "s   
initial /ruggles1 %e has submitt$ ?r\gh 
^! int]v5+ ye>s4 ,%e has n[ = ye>s be5  
p5sion$ by ! *ur* 9 ,ak9 ,hall ?r\gh !  
ye>1 visit$ 9 summ] by p 9 c>riages1 has
 ma9ta9$ an ext5sive begg+ correspond5ce
 ?r\gh ! mails all w9t]1 & has be5      
g5]ally despis$ by h] neighbors4 ,b %e  
has repres5t$ to int]e/$ cl]gym5 & *>ity
 work]s on _! summ] vacations ! fasc9at+
 & my/]i\s problem ( pov]ty4#ch  ,v few 
inde$ h be5 ! defectives4 ,i "k ( none 9
 t5 ye>s4 ,! prevail+ vitality ( !      

community is high4 ,!re 7 liv+ two ye>s 
ago five p]sons pa/ n9ety2 & "o ( !m di$
 9 8 hundr$? ye>4 ,octog5>ians drive !  
roads e day1 & manage _! e/ates ) ripe  
discretion & unabat$ int]e/ 9 affairs4  
,! religi\s revival ref]r$ to 7see      
,*apt] ,,vi7 br\ght into ! *ur* an      
active man ( great weal? ( n9ety-five   
ye>s ( age4  ,!re are no bl9d p]sons4   
,"o old man1 :o suff]$ f cat>act1 lo/ an
 eye 9 an op]ation at eighty-five ye>s (
 age2 & refus$ to submit ! o!r eye-ball 
to ! surgeon4 ,!re are no deaf & dumb4  
,p on ,quak] ,hill are well-born4 ,i    
suppose ?is may be 9 "p due to ! high   
morality ( _! fa!rs4 ,i attribute x1 9  
view ( ! contra/ 9 ?is respect to !     
contigu\s population 9 ,%]man1 ,conn41  
to ! highly organic communal life (     
,quak] ,hill4 ,connecticut p1 "s ( !m ( 
! same orig9al ,quak] /ock1 h settl$ on 
small hold+s ( l&s1 & held !m till      
isolation & pov]ty h driv5 !m to        
suicide1 insanity or o!r mis]ies4 ,quak]
 ,hill 0 f ! beg9n+ diff]5tiat$ into a  

heal?i] div]sity1 & x has be5 ! bett] = 
h] p4  ,!re are few m5tally abnormal    
p]sons 9 ! community4 ,"o may designate 
?ree p]sons z unbalanc$1 two ( !m       
unm>ri$ wom52 & ano!r su* z probably    
insane1 ?\gh resid+ at home4 ,b ev5 !   
ag$ d n die fir/ 9 ! head4 ,!re are no  
idiotic p]sons4  ,! prevail+ morality is
 high4 ,v few w\ld be classifi$ z       
immoral1 by ! public disapproval ( _!   
conduct4 ,individuals h committ$ !ft1 or
 an act ( cruelty1 or adult]y1 9 ! ye>s 
#ahie-aije4 ,!y d n con/itute classes4  
,! sociality ( ,quak] ,hill seems to !  
writ] relatively high4 ,response to a   
case ( real ne$ is prompt1 wise &       
abundant2 & common action = o!rs is     
he>tily begun & complet$4 ,!re are no   
unsocializ$ p]sons2 nei!r paup]s1       
crim9als1 nor degrad$1 9 ! community2 at
 lea/ no class or classes ( su*4 ,!re is
 a man :o p]haps dr9ks too mu* & too    
(t52 b ev5 he is too f> f ! saloon to   
atta9 to ! dignity ( neighborhood       
drunk>d4  ,quak] ,hill has n be5 ( a m9d

 to contribute in/itutions or res\rces  
to ! public4 ,t[>d w> ho/ile1 t[>d !    
/ate always impassive1 sometimes        
actively disloyal 9 times ( w>1 ,quak]  
,hill has liv$ a life ap>t4  ,common    
s*ool privileges are (f]$ to all 9 !    
?ree s*ool h\ses at ,sites #ab1 #dc &   
#aja 7s*ool di/ricts ,no4 #a1 #c1 #d7 & 
! advantages (f]$ are g5]ally /udi\sly  
appropriat$ by ! "y4 ,9 ! t5 ye>s "u    
/udy two families alone h be5 unwill+ to
 take full advantage ( ! s*ool          
opportunities4  ,9 ! s*ool at ,site #dc1
 = :i* alone an improv$1 mod]n build+   
has be5 erect$1 !re 01 beg9n+ 9 #ahic1 a
 det]m9$ ef=t made to provide a s*ool   
bett] ?an ! ord9>y c\ntry s*ool4 ,by !  
co-op]ation ( c]ta9 f>m]s ) *ildr5 9    
s*ool1 & ?r\gh contributions ( citiz5s (
 means :o _h no *ildr51 bett] tea*]s 7  
employ$1 at increas$ exp5se1 = ! space (
 twelve ye>s4 ,dur+ two ye>s ! s*ool 0  
grad$1 employ+ two tea*]s4 ,b ! ef=t 9  
?is direction seems to h ceas$ ) ! close
 ( ! ye> #aije-aijf4 ,?is s*ool has _h1 

= ! ye>s #aijd-f1 only "o ,prote/ant    
*ild1 9 an enrollm5t ( tw5ty to ?irty4  
,! o!r s*ool-di/ricts are ma9ta9$ 9 !   
old back-c\ntry way1 _! att5dance is    
small & no ef=t is made to raise ! /&>d 
( tea*+4  ,x has be5 accept$ = g5]ations
 among ! au?oritative lead]s on ,quak]  
,hill t high] education 0 n good = !    
poor4 ,( ?is doctr9e1 ,alb]t ,ak91      
g5]ally progressive1 0 a firm believ]4  
,he insi/$1 & o!r repres5tatives ( !    
lead+ families h done ! same1 t to (f]  
!m high] education only makes !m        
discont5t$2 !y won't "w if y get !m to  
/udy+--& somebody mu/ d ! "w4  ,x seems 
9 /rict h>mony ) ?is op9ion1 :i* ,i nev]
 he>d oppos$ on ! ,hill1 t ,quak] ,hill 
has nev] until #aijd s5t a "y man or    
woman ?r\gh ! college or univ]sity4     
,alb]t ,j4 ,ak91 #b;d1 0 a memb] ( class
 ( #aijd ( ,columbia ,univ]sity1 b he 0 
n born on ! ,hill1 & nev] long resid$   
!re4 ,inde$1 ! t[n ( ,pawl+ has n ano!r 
college graduate among its sons4 ,!re h 
be51 h[ev]1 a few :o h gone to s*ool to 

! grade ( high s*ool & no normal s*ools4
 ,9 ! pa/ t5 ye>s t5 "y m5 & wom5 h done
 s4 ,"o y\? all b complet$ a college    
c\rse 9 #aijf4 ,two "y wom5 are j       
complet+ c\rses z nurses4  ,p]sonality  
is ! field 9 :i* ! consci\s purpose     
*]i%$ on ,quak] ,hill w\ld h wr\ght its 
be/ ef=ts4 ,b p]sonality 0 always on    
,quak] ,hill inhibit$1 re/ra9$ & s*ool$ 
into m$iocrity4 ,v>iation 0 repress$4   
,spontaneity 0 =bidd54 ,+5u\s spirits 7 
firmly & effectively direct$ into       
*annels believ$ to be h>mless4  ,!      
result has be5 t m$iocre p h bo? liv$ on
 ! ,hill1 & gone away f x1 9 volunt>y   
exile f its beautiful sc5es1 b n 9 exile
 f its _s ( pla9ness4 ,no p]son (       
brilliant m9d or ( uncommon tal5ts has  
ev] come ( ! ,quak] ,hill population4   
,!re is n among ! sons or daught]s ( ?is
 place "o ^: "n is ( la/+ int]e/ to any 
beyond ! limits ( ,pawl+4 ,no arti/ or  
poet has ev] v5tur$ to express ! int5se 
feel+ ( ! ae/hetic :i* p]vades ! place1 
b has always be5 hu%$ f s++1 re/ra9$ f  

pictur+4  ,i ?9k ! end = :i* ! ,quak]   
,hill population h liv$ c\ld be call$   
,individual-,social4 ,!y are consci\sly 
individual1 & unconsci\sly1 inevitably  
social4 ,^! p h s\ght g5]ation aft]     
g5]ation = p]sonal salvation & p]sonal  
ga94 ,& t1 says a resid5t1 t is :y !    
place is dy+4 ,yet ! common int]e/ 0 a  
logical coroll>y ( ! ,quak] doctr9e (   
,god 9 e man1 & !re=e a community 0 =m$1
 a community inde$ :i* 0 no "o's        
consci\s c>e4 ,9 ! *apt] ^u ,! ,common  
,m9d1 above1 ,i h %[$ t all ! lead]s ( !
 community z a :ole1 save "o1 h be5     
outsid]s1 :o came to see ! integrity ( !
 community ) eyes ( ! _w's p1 & ^!      
lead]s 9 communal s]vice h be5 grudg+ly 
foll[$4  ,t "o1 ,alb]t ,j4 ,ak91 :o     
f\nd$ ,ak9 ,hall ,association1 liv$ away
 f ,quak] ,hill1 9 ,new ,york ,city1 !  
mo/ ( ! mon?s ( fifty ye>s1 #ahcj-ahhj1 
& fell "u ! influ5ce ( outsid]s4#ci     
,inde$1 a r>e beauty *>act]izes ^!      
*ildr5 ( ! old ,quak] ,community2 & a   
f9e h>mony bl5ds ! memb]s ( ! ,mix$     

,community into "o ano!r4 ,! type (     
c\ntry g5tleman & lady 0 p]fectly       
embodi$ 9 ,james ,j4 ,v&]burgh1 :o di$  
ab\t #ahhi1 9 8 resid5ce at ,site #cj4  
,he 0 a good man1 hospitable1 l>ge-m9d$1
 well read1 humane2 he 0 suffici5tly    
rev]5t to be good neighbor to !         
,or?odox2 & he 0 suffici5tly weal?y to  
express ! ,quak] economic ideal4 ,he _h 
! ,quak] g5ius ( ?rift express+ itself 9
 b\nty4  ,mrs4 ,zayde ,ak9 ,bancr(t1    
resid5t at ,site #cb1 :o di$ 9 #ahif1 0 
an example ( ! ideal ,quak] ,hill lady4 
,a woman ( leisure & culture1 accu/om$  
to ! possession ( weal?1 & enjoy+ x 9   
books & travel1 %e surr\nd$ h]self =    
sev]al ( h] la/ ye>s ) an atmosph]e1 &  
secur$ = h]self enjoym5t1 ( ! highe/    
aspirations ( ! ,quak] ,hill economic   
ideal4  ,no "o q s mu* embodi$ t ideal z
 ,alb]t ,j4 ,ak91 :o di$ 9 8 hundr$?    
ye>1 9 ,janu>y1 #aijc4 ,8 =tune1 :i*    
am\nt$ at 8 dea? to m ?an two million   
doll>s1 0 ! culm9ation ( ! weal? ( 8    
family1 acquir$ s9ce 8                  

great-great-gr&fa!r1 ,david ,ak91 !     
pione]1 came to ,quak] ,hill ab\t #agcj4
 ,he 0 a f>-see+ & brilliant inve/or1 & 
?r\gh 8 long bus9ess life1 :i* la/$     
until #aija1 he foll[$ ! gr[? (         
railroads 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates ) /eady     
optimism1 & almo/ unv>y+ pr(it4 ,aft] ! 
ye> #ahhj he came to live on ,quak]     
,hill1 9 ! int]e/ ( 8 heal?1 m con/antly
 ?an he _h 9 ! prec$+ fifty ye>s4 ,he at
 once int]e/$ himself 9 local           
ent]prises1 & ,ak9 ,hall ,association & 
,mizz5-,top ,hotel 7 at t "t f\nd$ by   
him & o!rs4 ,until 8 dea?1 tw5ty-?ree   
ye>s lat]1 he 0 ! lead+ citiz5 & ! mo/  
int]e/+ p]sonality among ?is social     
population4 ,su* 0 8 place & s ma/]ful z
 well z con/ructive 8 influ5ce t x 0 a  
true expression ( ! feel+ ( all :i* "o  
resid5t wrote at t "t to ano!r3 ,! k+ is
 dead1 ! man on :om we unconsci\sly     
lean$ & :om none ( u ?\ght ( disobey+1  
?\gh only 8 p]sonality held u to        
allegiance1 is gone f u4 ,& ,i = "o feel
 t ,i h lo/ a de> fri5d4   ,illu/ration3

 ,,alb]t ,,john ,,ak9 ,,born #ahjc1     
,,di$ #aijc   ,^! ?ree illu/rations w   
s]ve to indicate bo? ! k9d ( p]sons :o h
 come ( ! ,quak] ,hill community1 & "o (
 its t5d5cies4 ,!y illu/rate also ! _s (
 ! community t[>d its lead]s4           
,p]sonalities ( ! au/]e type1 m5 & wom5 
( ! devotional side ( ,quak]ism1 may be 
cit$ 9 ! cases ( #dj;,david ,iri% &     
#da,ri*>d ,t4 ,osborn4 ,! =m] 0 ! la/   
m9i/] ( ! ,hicksite ,society ( ,fri5ds  
on ! ,hill4 ,8 prea*+ cov]$ ! ye>s ( its
 sep>ate exi/5ce1 = he 0 made a m9i/] 9 
#ahca1 ?ree ye>s aft] ! ,division1 & he 
di$ 9 #ahhd1 at ! age ( n9ety-two4 ,"o  
ye> aft] 8 dea? ! ,meet+ 0 =mally laid  
d[n1 9 ,oblong ,meet+ ,h\se1 & f a place
 ( wor%ip x became a h\se ( memories4   
,david ,iri% 0 au/]e4 ,believ+ t slav]y 
0 wrong1 he made 8 prote/ aga9/ slav]y  
by ab/a9+1 s f> z possible1 f ! use (   
slave-products 444 made maple to take ! 
place ( cane sug>1 & us$ no?+ b l95 &   
wool5 clo?+ 7l>gely home-spun74 ,?is    
ab/a9+ he cont9u$ = himself & family    

until slav]y 0 aboli%$4 ,yet he nev]    
felt free1 cont9ues 8 daught] &         
biograph]1 to jo9 ) anti-slav]y         
societies outside 8 own1 believ+ t by s 
do+ he might compromise "s ( 8          
te/imonies4 ,he welcom$ 9 8 home !      
fugitive slave flee+ f ! ,s\?1 & !re mu/
 nev] be any di/9ction made 9 ! family  
on acc\nt ( 8 color2 he sat at ! same   
table & 0 treat$ z an equal4  ,david    
,iri% 0 equally oppos$ to w>1 & to      
capital puni%m5t4 ,he wrote1 te/ifi$ &  
suff]$ = ^! pr9ciples4 ,9 ! "t ( !      
,civil ,w> he all[$ 8 cattle to be sold 
by ! tax-collector1 n feel+ free to pay 
! direct w>-tax4 ,8 biograph] enum]ates 
fur!r 8 hospitality1 8 fondness = books1
 8 humor1 & m5tions ) a pride *>act]i/ic
 ( ! ,quak] t he 0 (t5 entru/$ ) !      
settlem5t ( e/ates1 %[+ ! e/eem 9 :i* 8 
bus9ess capacity & integrity 7 held by !
 community4  ,ri*>d ,t4 ,osborn 0 !     
,eld] ( ! ,or?odox bran* ( ! ,fri5ds    
dur+ ! same p]iod1 subsequ5t to !       
,division1 z t cov]$ by ,david ,iri%'s  

life4 ,born 9 #ahaf1 he 0 conv]sant z a 
*ild ) ! p]iod ( ! ,division4 ,! sec$+  
memb]s ( ! ,meet+ met 9 8 fa!r's h\se & 
b>n until ! ,or?odox ,meet+ ,h\se c\ld  
be erect$ on ! l& ^u :i*1 at 8 m>riage 9
 #ahdb1 he erect$ 8 h\se4 ,ri*>d ,osborn
 0 ! head ( 8 family4 ,/rong ( w1 au/]e1
 conv9c$1 he liv$ 9 ! _w ( ,rob]t       
,b>clay & ,william ,p5n1 & = ye>s nev]  
hesitat$ to rebuke "y or old ,quak]s or 
_w's p1 :om he f\nd violat+ ! pr9ciples 
( tru?4 ,a summ] bo>d] :o play$ a viol9 
^u 8 premises 0 sil5c$1 & ! s++ ( a hymn
 9 ! ,meet+ ,h\se ( :i* he 0 ,cl]k 0    
once /]nly te/ifi$ aga9/4  ,b ,ri*>d    
,osborn 0 k9dly4 ,he _h a g5tle &       
appreciative humor2 & ab\t #ahij !re    
come influ5ces 9 ! pres5ce ( neighbors  
to :om he 0 /rongly drawn1 z well z !   
con/ant pres5ce 9 8 h\se ( bo>d]s f ,new
 ,york2 s t 8 lat] ye>s 7 sp5t 9 a      
mell[] int]e/ 9 dogma1 & an ev] ke5]    
int]e/ 9 ! hi/ory ( ,quak]ism & ( !     
community 9 :i* he liv$4 ,8 wife1 ,roby1
 0 a ,quak]ess ( r>e sweetness &        

exquisite g5tl5ess ( "*4 ,toge!r ?is    
/rong1 dom9at+ man & 8 g5tle wife       
con/itut$ an influ5ce1 :ile !y liv$1 :i*
 held ! community toge!r1 & dissem9at$  
_! pr9ciples m successfully ?an if he _h
 be5 eloqu5t1 in/ead ( t]se1 & %e an    
evangeli/ in/ead ( a meek & demure      
,quak]ess4  ,^! p]sons 7 conspicu\s     
examples ( ! be/ social product ( ,quak]
 ,hill4 ,!y 7 n fam\s1 nor great4 ,_!   
philosophy 0 "o ( self-repression &     
requir$ !m to r$uce _! lives & ^? ( o!r 
m5 to m$iocrity4 ,quak] ,hill taught &  
practic$ ! prev5tion ( paup]ism--& !    
prev5tion ( g5ius6 ,! ideals ( ! place  
disc\rag$ high] education4 ,! lead+     
p]sonages di/9ctly oppos$ ! (f] ( high] 
education to ! "y4  ,!re=e ?is          
community1 :i* has be5 exceptionally    
weal?y = "o hundr$ & fifty ye>s1 has    
done no?+ = g5]al education2 & has n    
educat$ its own sons4 ,z not$ above1 no 
p]son born on ,quak] ,hill ev] complet$ 
! c\rses = a degree 9 college or        
univ]sity1 & ?\gh ! community has _h = a

 c5tury families ) ae/hetic & lit]>y    
ta/es1 no memb] ( ! community has pa9t$ 
a picture1 writt5 a song1 or publi%$ a  
book4  ,! p]sonages briefly describ$    
above are nam$ = ano!r reason4 ,_!      
dea?s1 ) ! dea?s ( c]ta9 o!rs :om !y    
repres5t1 h br\ght to an end ! p]iod (  
,quak] ,hill's hi/ory :i* ,i h call$ ,! 
,mix$ ,community4 ,! o!rs :o ) !m made  
up ?is gr\p 7 ,j$$iah & ,phoebe ,iri%   
,wanz]1 ,anne ,hayes1 ,olive ,t(fey     
,word51 & six o!r p]sons /ill liv+1 (   
:om f\r are pa/ eighty ye>s & two are v 
ne> "o hundr$ ye>s ( age4 ,?is gr\p (   
p]sons 7 ! c5t] ( t ,mix$ ,community4   
,!y possess$ ! actual au?ority :i* ?is  
population always has requir$ 9 its     
lead]s4 ,! piety1 ! au/]ity1 !          
=cefulness1 ! own]%ip ( ! l& ( greate/  
value1 & ev5 ! available weal? ( !      
community1 7 s l>gely possess$ by ?is   
gr\p t 9 ! ye>s #ahij-aijj1 9 :i* ?is   
gr\p 0 /ill intact1 its lead]%ip 0 su* z
 to unite ! community & consolidate !   
:ole population = :atev] int]e/s !      

lead]s ( ?is gr\p approv$4 ,( t p]iod x 
0 said3 ,ev]ybody on ,quak] ,hill goes  
to ev]y?+6  ,) ! dea? ( ^? :o h pass$   
away 9 ! latt] "p ( ! p]iod "u /udy !   
p[] ( initiative has gone4 ,new         
proposals are hu%$4 ,v>iation is        
disc\rag$2 ! rut ( cu/om & conv5tion is 
pref]r$4 ,& a subtle /ifl+ air ( !      
impossibility ( all active purposes     
p]vades social & religi\s & bus9ess     
activity on ! ,hill4  ,religi\sly       
speak+1 att5dance ^u public s]vices h   
decreas$ by tw5ty p] c5t41 :ile !       
,prote/ant population has only decreas$ 
five p] c5t4  ,9 bus9ess activity       
ref]5ce is made above to ! fact t !     
numb] ( milk dairies has decreas$ f     
eighte5 to n9e1 a decrease ( fifty p]   
c5t4 ,at ! same "t ! l>ge/ dairy on !   
,hill :i* 9 ! decade #ahij-aijj 0 milk+ 
"o hundr$ c[s1 has = ! ye>s #aijc-aijg  
made milk f only =ty & fifty c[s1 al?\gh
 ! own] has m l& ?an 8 pr$ecessor4  ,!  
population :i* n[ rema9s on ,quak] ,hill
 conta9s only a few p]sons ( =ce &      

lead]%ip1 & !y are no long] s gr\p$ z to
 comm&4 ,! majority h no ability to     
foll[ unless au?ority be an elem5t 9 !  
lead]%ip2 & au?ority to comm& ! :ole    
community has n exi/$ s9ce #aijc4 ,! k+ 
is dead4   #cg ,descriptive & ,hi/orical
 ,sociology1 p4 #eda4  #ch ,s4 ,p4 di$  
#aijf4  #ci ,an analysis ( ! s\rces (   
,mr4 ,ak9's lead]%ip1 writt5 = !        
,memorial ,s]vice aft] 8 dea? 9 #aijc1  
is ( int]e/ "h1 z %[+ ! influ5ce (      
p]sons ^u him :o 7 n ( ,quak] ,hill     
ance/ry or ( ,quak] bre$+3  ,9 all !    
ye>s he liv$ on ! ,hill he _h to d ) e  
movem5t & 0 9 t\* ) e p]son on ! ,hill4 
,he made himself a p>ty to e public     
int]e/4 ,:5 ! build+ ( ! ,hotel 0       
sugge/$1 he put himself at ! head ( !   
movem5t1 inve/$ ! mo/ money 9 x1 & lat] 
obta9+ entire control1 de$$ x to 8 ,ak9 
,hall f\ndation4 ,:5 ! libr>y ent]prise 
0 broa*$1 :i* has gr[n into ,ak9 ,free  
,libr>y1 he organiz$ & incorporat$ !    
in/itution requir$1 end[$ x g5]\sly2    
lat] reorganiz$ x1 ^u legal advice2 ?us 

accept+ ideas f ,admiral ,word51        
,william ,b4 ,:eel]1 ,cyrus ,swan1      
,judge ,b>n>d1 & o!rs ( 8 neighbors1 &  
contribut+ 8 own pati5t & unflagg+      
executive faculty4 ,:5 x 0 ?\ght be/1 9 
#ahib1 to cont9ue ! *ur* s]vices ?r\gh\t
 ! w9t] "u ! lead]%ip ( ,mrs4 ,:eel] & (
 ,miss ,monahan1 & ! gr[? ( ! ,sunday   
s*ool & p]man5t congregation seem$ to   
require ! employm5t ( a resid5t pa/or1  
,mr4 ,ak9 acquiesc$2 at fir/ z a foll[]1
 b /eadily & increas+ly z a lead]1 he   
id5tifi$ himself m & m e ye> until 8    
dea?1 ) ! religi\s life ( ,ak9 ,hall &  
,*ri/'s ,*ur*4 ,he 0 a good lead]1 = he 
confess$ himself a foll[] 9 ! ent]prise 
:i* he 0 9 a position absolutely to     
control4 ,he eag]ly avail$ himself ( !  
sugge/ions ( o!rs1 took a quiet & l[ly  
place ) entire dignity1 & ex]t$ )\t     
arbitr>9ess a det]m9+ influ5ce4  ,:5    
,mr4 ,ak9 0 ab\t sixty ye>s ( age1 he   
b\ght a resid5ce 9 ,new ,york1 & w5t !re
 to live 9 ! w9t]s4 ,he _h z a neighbor 
a ,quak] prea*] nam$ ,wright1 :o 0      

accu/om$ to come to ,oblong ,meet+ 9 !  
c\rse ( ! ye>4 ,) him ,mr4 ,ak9 _h _m   
conv]sations on matt]s ( duty & wor%ip4 
,he began also to att5d ! ,oblong ,meet+
 9 ! summ]1 ?\gh ! ,sunday meet+s 7 n at
 t "t l>gely att5d$4  ,lat] :5 8        
resid5ce 0 at ,fifty-six? ,/reet he     
became ! fa/ fri5d & devot$ admir] (    
,dr4 ,john ,hall1 :o us$ (t5 to call ^u 
him4 ,= ye>s ,mr4 ,ak9 0 c>ri$ into ,dr4
 ,hall's ,*ur*2 b aft] ,dr4 ,hall di$1 &
 ev5 be=e1 he _h ceas$ f t cu/om4  ,!   
gr[? ( ! *ur* on ,quak] ,hill1 "u !     
lead]%ip ( ,mr4 & ,mrs4 ,william ,b4    
,:eel] & ,miss ,m>g>et ,b4 ,monahan took
 /rong hold on ,mr4 ,ak9's he>t1 & ex]t$
 ov] no "o a m vital influ5ce ?an on ?is
 old man4--,alb]t ,j4 ,ak9--,a ,tribute1
 by ,rev4 ,w>r5 ,h4 ,wilson1 ,quak]     
,hill ,conf]5ce1 #aijc4  #dj ,david     
,iri%--,a ,memoir1 by ,mrs4 ,phoebe ,t4 
,wanz]1 ,quak] ,hill ,conf]5ce1 #aijb4  
#da ,ri*>d ,osborn--,a ,rem9isc5ce1 by  
,m>g>et ,b4 ,monahan1 ,quak] ,hill      
,conf]5ce1 #aijb4     ,"p ,,iv4         

,app5dices3 ,orig9al ,family & ,*ur*    
,records4  ,,app5dix ,a4   ,a ,li/ ( !  
,heads ( ,families 9 ! ,v]ge ( our      
,mon?ly ,meet+ held on ! ,oblong & 9 !  
,n9e-,p>tn]s ,circul>ly tak5 9 ! #c mo4 
#agfj4 7,?is date %\ld be #agfa4 ,!     
,mon?ly ,meet+ direct$ ! li/ to be made 
#d1 #af1 #agfa4db7    #a/          ,at  
,new ,mil=d  ,dobson ,:eel] & 8 ,wife   
,a>on ,b5$ick & 8 ,wife  ,joseph ,f]riss
  ,gaius ,talcott  ,james ,mc,kenney    
,lydia ,norton  ,anna ,philips   #b;d   
,at ,oblong  ,john ,bull & 8 ,wife  ,w+ 
,kelley & 8 ,wife  ,oliv] ,tyron & 8    
,wife  ,john ,w+ & 8 ,wife  ,john ,hoag 
ye #b;d & ,wife  ,b5jam ,hoag & 8 ,wife 
,abn] ,hoag & ,wife  ,philip ,all5 &    
,wife  ,moses ,hoag & ,wife  ,george    
,s\le & ,wife  ,wm4 ,russell & ,wife    
,david ,hoag & ,wife  ,eb5ez] ,peaslee &
 ,wife  ,nehemiah ,m]ritt & ,wife       
,nehemiah ,m]ritt ,junr4 & ,wife        
,elijah ,doty & ,wife  ,h5ry ,*ase &    
,wife  ,abraham ,*ase & ,wife  ,b5jam   
,f]riss & ,wife  ,timo?y ,dak9 & ,wife  

,eli%a ,ak9's ,*ildr5  ,re$ ,f]riss &   
,wife  ,zebulon ,f]riss & ,wife  ,john  
,hoag1 ,s5r4 & ,wife  ,john ,hoag1      
,junr4 & ,wife  ,j$idiah ,w+ & ,wife    
,josiah ,ak9 & ,wife  ,/eph5 ,hoag &    
,wife  ,james ,hunt & ,wife  ,pr9ce     
,h[l& & ,wife  ,isaac ,havil& & ,wife   
,na?n4 ,birdsall & ,wife  ,na?n4        
,birdsall1 ,junr4 & ,wife  ,daniel ,*ase
 & ,wife  ,edw>d ,w+ & ,wife  ,abraham  
,w+ & ,wife  ,israel ,h[l& & ,wife      
,david ,ak9 & ,wife  ,jona?an ,ak9 &    
,wife  ,joseph ,j9n9s & ,wife  ,rob]t   
,:itely & ,wife  ,na?anael ,/ev5son     
,joseph ,hoag  ,abraham ,?omas  ,isaac  
,bull  ,pati5ce ,ak9  ,desire ,*ase     
,m>y ,all51 ,wid[  ,m]sey ,fi%  ,m>g>et 
,ak9  ,m>g]y ,woolman  ,d9ah ,gif=d1    
,wid[  ,elizab ,hunt1 ,wid[  ,abigail   
,gif=d  ,phebe ,b\dy  ,ann ,hepb]n      
,s>ah ,davis  ,ann ,corban  ,hannah     
,birdsall   #c;dly  ,at ,n9e ,p>tn]s    
,pet] ,hallock & ,wife  ,moses ,haight &
 ,wife  ,a>on ,haight & ,wife  ,jo%ua   
,haight & ,wife  ,george ,s\le & ,wife  

,william ,palm] & ,wife  ,reub5 ,palm] &
 ,wife  ,nehemiah ,reynolds & ,wife     
,pet] ,palm] & ,wife  ,a>on ,vail &     
,wife  ,joseph ,haight & ,wife  ,john   
,lapham & ,wife  ,jona?an ,holmes &     
,wife  ,jona?an ,hoag & ,wife  ,israel  
,devil & 8 ,wife  ,john ,kees & ,wife   
,na?aniel ,br[n & ,wife  ,an?ony ,arnold
 & ,wife  ,caleb ,norton & ,wife  ,micah
 ,griff9 & ,wife  ,jacob ,haight & ,wife
  ,john ,haight & ,wife  ,/eph5 ,haight 
& ,wife  ,micah ,palm] & ,wife  ,&rew   
,:ite & ,wife  ,/eph5 ,hicks & ,wife    
,daniel ,tobias & ,wife  ,ezekiel ,hoag 
& ,wife  ,william ,haight  ,joseph      
,reynolds  ,obadiah ,griff9  ,solomon   
,haight  ,b5jam ,:ite  ,john ,hallock   
,david ,arnold  ,na?an ,bull  ,hannah   
,?orn  ,hannah ,tripp  ,m>g>et ,all5    
,rose ,b>ton  ,s>ah ,coll9s  ,b]%eba    
,s\!rl9  ,s>ah ,jacocks  ,ru? ,mabbit   
,pati5ce ,gre5   #d?ly        ,at       
,oswegoe  ,samuel ,dorl& & ,wife  ,ri*>d
 ,smi? & ,wife  ,joseph ,smi? & ,wife   
,samuel ,hall & ,wife  ,all5 ,moore &   

,wife  ,john ,?omas & ,wife  ,lot ,tripp
 & ,wife  ,eb5ez] ,%e>man & ,wife       
,jo%ua ,%]man & ,wife  ,daniel ,%eph]d &
 ,wife  ,john ,?omas & ,wife  ,josiah   
,bull  ,zebulon ,hoxsie  ,i*abod ,b[]man
  ,david ,iri%  ,&rew ,moore  ,joseph   
,wat]s  ,eliah ,y\mans  ,o?niel ,all5   
,john ,c>man  ,jesse ,iri%  ,deborah    
,re$  ,m>?a ,gif=d  ,abigail ,adams     
,m>y ,moore  ,ca?>9e ,leav5  ,m>y ,y\man
  ,mehetable ,devil   #e?ly  ,at ,pea*  
,ponds  ,samuel ,field & ,wife  ,elias  
,palm] & ,wife  ,david ,palm] & ,wife   
,samuel ,coe & ,wife  ,/eph5 ,field &   
,wife  ,solomon ,field & ,wife          
,additional names :i* occur 9 ! m9utes (
 ,oblong ,meet+1 9 ! ye>s #agdb-aghj    
7obvi\sly an incomplete li/ ( memb]s73  
,ak91 ,na?an ,fields  ,ak91 ,james      
,ak91 ,timo?y  ,birdsall1 ,timo?y       
,briggs1 ,zeb$y  ,brundige1 ,edw>d      
,bunk]1 ,annie  ,*ase1 ,johnan  ,*ase1  
,phynehas  ,clem5t1 ,james  ,com/ock1   
,?omas  ,dak91 ,pres]v$  ,dick]son1     
,isaac  ,dick]son1 ,h5ry  ,mehitable    

,devil1 ,devill1 ,duvall or ,deuell     
,frankl91 ,?omas  ,faly]1 ,abraham      
,havil&1 ,daniel  ,havil&1 ,b5jam9      
,hoag1 ,eno*  ,hoag1 ,samuel  ,hall1    
,joseph  ,hunt1 ,josiah  ,iri%1 ,joseph 
,iri%1 ,jessee  ,j5kns1 ,volunte]       
,lance/]1 ,a>on  ,le/]1 ,murray         
,laurelson1 ,a>on  ,mo%]1 ,wm4  ,moore1 
,all5  ,norton1 ,rob]t  ,osborn1 ,paul  
,osborn1 ,isaac  ,peckham1 ,jos4        
,%]man1 ,jo%ua  ,smi?1 ,d5t5  ,%ove1    
,edw>d  ,/$well1 ,rog]  ,sweet1 ,elna?an
  ,b5ony ,sweet  ,tab]1 ,j]emiah1 m>ri$ 
,delilah ,russell  ,wanz]1 ,moses  ,w+1 
,william  ,w+1 ,elisabe?  ,w+1 ,daniel  
,:iteley1 ,p>don  ,wood1 ,drusilla1     
m>ri$ ,israel ,h[l& ( ,pur*ase4   #db   
,correction ( date is by ,john ,cox1    
,jr41 ! ,libr>ian ( ! ,ye>ly ,meet+ ( ! 
,society ( ,fri5ds1 #cae ,ru!r=d ,place2
 9 ^: *>ge is ! orig9al4     ,,app5dix  
,b4   ,! foll[+ are ! names ( ^? :o _h  
acc\nts at ! /ore ( ,daniel ,m]ritt1 on 
,quak] ,hill1 9 #agga1 z ! names appe> 9
 8 ,l$g]3    ,ak91 ,john1 ,esq4  ,ak91  

,david1 ,jr4  ,ak91 ,?omas  ,all51 ,m>y1
 ,george's "m  ,ak91 ,james  ,ak91      
,josiah  ,ak91 ,eli%a  ,ak91 ,/eph5     
,ak91 ,jona?an  ,ak91 ,abraham  ,ak91   
,timo?y  ,all51 ,ephraim  ,all51 ,alex&]
  ,all51 ,moses  ,all51 ,samuel  ,all51 
,?omas  ,all51 ,george  ,all51 ,daniel  
,all5 ,john1 ,eli%a's son  ,all51 ,john 
,taylor  ,all51 ,elizabe?1 wid[  ,all51 
,m>y1 ,eli%a's "m  ,all51 ,m>y1 ,eli%a's
 daught]  ,all51 ,eli%a  ,all51 ,s>ah1  
,george's wife  ,a%by1 ,an?ony  ,arnold1
 ,joseph  ,arle1 ,na?41 ,,ii  ,ackley1  
,david  ,arle1 ,rebecca  ,&ras1 ,?addeus
  ,ald]man1 ,eli%a  ,arnold1 ,na?aniel  
,briggs1 ,edw>d  ,briggs1 ,j]emiah      
,briggs1 ,william  ,briggs1 ,h5ry       
,briggs1 ,elkanah  ,briggs1 ,phoebe1    
wid[  ,briggs1 ,zeph5iah  ,briggs1      
,edw>d1 ,junr4  ,briggs1 ,j]emiah       
,briggs1 ,?omas1 ,s5r4  ,briggs1 ,pr9ce 
,briggs1 ,?oms1 ,junr4  ,briggs1 ,an?ony
  ,briggs1 ,john  ,birdsall1 ,na?an     
,birdsall1 ,na?an1 ,junr4  ,birdsall1   
,james  ,birdsall1 ,?omas  ,birdsall1   

,b5jam9  ,birdsall1 ,lemuel  ,b5net1    
,b5j41 ( ,pat5t  ,br[nson1 ,libe        
,bo/wick1 ,daniel4  ,b\lt1 ,john1 ,s5r4 
,b>num1 ,timo?y  ,b5$ic1 ,aron  ,b[di%1 
,na?aniel  ,buck1 ,lydeal1 ,junr4       
,bo/wick1 ,daniel1 ,junr4  ,br[n1 ,john 
,b5net1 ,b5jam9  ,b>num1 ,david  ,buck1 
,david  ,betts1 ,william  ,birdsley1    
,johiel4  ,be>dsley1 ,josiah  ,b>num1   
,zadoc  ,burret1 ,daniel  ,b>ley1       
,abigail  ,b\lt1 ,john1 ,junr4  ,bill+s1
 ,increase  ,bru%1 ,?os41 ,esq4         
,boswor?1 ,na?anael  ,bea*1 ,david      
,bump1 ,/eph5  ,b[dy1 ,na?anael  ,b5net1
 ,h5ry  ,bru%1 ,?omas1 ,junr4           
,be>dsley1 ,nehemiah  ,boom1 ,s>ah      
,burdick1 ,ephraim  ,br[n1 ,joseph      
,burt*1 ,na?anael  ,bull1 ,abraham      
,br[nell1 ,william  ,b>l[1 ,david       
,bass1 ,?omas  ,burrett1 ,israel        
,burt*1 ,increase  ,bir*>d1 ,jona?an    
,be]s1 ,james  ,brayton1 ,gideon        
,burdick1 ,na?an  ,brady1 ,william      
,bo/wick1 ,i*abod  ,bo!=d1 ,joel  ,b[dy1
 ,moses1 ,junr4  ,b5net1 ,ri*>d  ,bu%1  

,john ,newfair  ,bo/wick1 ,amos  ,b5son1
 ,b5j4  ,bull1 ,isaac1 ,junr4  ,b>ley1  
,daniel  ,br[nson1 ,pet]  ,b5net1 ,amos 
,birdsall1 ,lemuel  ,br[n1 ,wm41        
s*oolma/]  ,burdick1 ,jessee  ,br[n91   
,b5j4  ,b5$ic1 ,abn]  ,bracket1 ,john   
,bull1 ,?omas  ,butl]1 ,na?anael        
,butl]1 ,truelove  ,buck1 ,john4        
,bacon1 ,wm4  ,brad%aw1 ,james ,h4      
,be>dsley1 ,elihu  ,br[n51 ,wm4         
,bat*=d1 ,jona?an  ,bat*=d1 ,joel       
,br[n1 ,wm4 7,dov]7  ,buck1 ,isaac      
,buck1 ,lydeal  ,burt51 ,oliv]  ,bump1  
,george  ,b[dy1 ,moses1 ,junr4  ,b>nes1 
,james  ,burteh1 ,jona?an  ,b5net1      
,david  ,beemus1 ,?omas  ,br[nson1 ,s>ah
  ,burt*1 ,jona?an1 #bnd con/able       
,burt*1 ,isaiah  ,bo/wick1 ,rob]t       
,burdick1 ,rob]t  ,burdick1 ,ephraim    
,bangs1 ,john  ,bruce1 ,james  ,*ase1   
,daniel1 ,s5r4  ,*ase1 ,daniel1 ,junr4  
,calk91 ,elijah  ,close1 ,reub51 ,s5r4  
,close1 ,reub51 ,junr4  ,*ur*1 ,eb5ez]1 
hat mak]  ,congo1 ,joseph  ,*ase1 ,h5ry 
,*ase1 ,b5jam9  ,corb91 ,pet]  ,covel1  

,micajah  ,cook1 ,?omas1 labor]  ,camp1 
,enos  ,cro*1 ,wid[  ,campbell1 ,ar*abel
  ,*ase1 ,joseph  ,*ase1 ,john  ,*ase1  
,na?an  ,caswell1 ,john  ,cl>ke1 ,ri*>d 
,cong]1 ,jessee  ,cong]1 ,joel          
,campbell1 ,dunk9  ,corb91 ,s>ah        
,cong]1 ,joel  ,close1 ,gideon  ,corb91 
,?omas1 ,junr4  ,c>y1 ,rhoda  ,*ase1    
,b5j41 ,junr4  ,caswell1 ,reub5         
,coll9s1 ,amos  ,covel1 ,za*eus         
,caswell1 ,amey  ,c>ey1 ,lucy  ,caswell1
 ,rob]t1 ,s5r4  ,caswell1 ,rob]t1 ,junr4
  ,c>y1 ,na?an  ,c>y1 ,rhoda  ,cr[foot1 
,gideon  ,covel1 ,se?  ,*ase1 ,/eph5    
,coll]1 ,eli%a  ,calk91 ,david  ,*ase1  
,ph9ehas1 ,junr4  ,curtis1 ,john  ,cook1
 ,abial  ,*amb]l91 ,john  ,*ase1        
,elizabe?1 wid[  ,cumm9s1 ,isaac        
,calk91 ,john ,doet1 doctor  ,canfield1 
,z>obabel  ,cr\*1 ,william  ,*ur*el1    
,joseph  ,coll9s1 ,caleb  ,calk91 ,simon
  ,calk91 ,na?aniel  ,c>y1 ,lemuel      
,corb91 ,?omas1 ,s5r4  ,corb91 ,s>ah1   
wid[  ,cumm9s1 ,john  ,caswell1 ,rob]t  
,crane1 ,daniel  ,caswell1 ,na?an       

,coon1 ,mat!w  ,*ase1 ,abn]  ,cumm9s1   
,john1 ,t5 ,mile ,hills  ,calk91 ,james 
,dak91 ,?omas  ,deaveal1 ,joseph  ,dak91
 ,ru?  ,dak91 ,timo?y  ,dak91 ,pres]v$  
,dak91 ,woo/]  ,dak91 ,m]cy  ,dak91     
,simon  ,deaveal1 ,phillip  ,deaveal1   
,george  ,deaveal1 ,hannah  ,deaveal1   
,b5j41 ,junr4  ,deavil1 ,jona?an        
,deaveal1 ,abigail  ,deaveal1 ,mi*ael   
,deaveal1 ,b5j41 ,s5r4  ,deaveal1 ,john 
,deaveal1 ,abraham  ,doty1 ,elijah      
,dunk1 ,?omas  ,d>l+1 ,eb5ez]1 ,junr4   
,dutton1 ,joel  ,d[glass1 ,?omas1 ,s5r4 
,d[glass1 ,?omas1 ,junr4  ,d[glass1     
,jona?an  ,daviss1 ,paul  ,d[gleess1    
,dom9y  ,daviss1 ,h5ry  ,daviss1        
,deliv]ance  ,daviss1 ,wm4  ,daviss1    
,b5jam9  ,de51 ,samuel  ,dr9kwat]1      
,george  ,dolph1 ,edw>d  ,dwalfe1 ,ezra 
,dubois1 ,mat!w  ,ev5s1 ,john  ,elliott1
 ,david1 ,s5r4  ,elliott1 ,david1       
,newfairfield  ,elliott1 ,b5j41 ,s5r4   
,elliott1 ,b5j41 ,junr4  ,elliott1 ,john
  ,elliott1 ,david1 ,junr4  ,elliott1   
,jona?an  ,elliott1 ,daniel  ,edw>ds1   

,talmage  ,ea/man1 ,joseph  ,ea/man1    
,b5jam9  ,ea/man1 ,az>iah  ,ea/man1     
,az>iah  ,elde/on1 ,joseph  ,ea/man1    
,hezekiah  ,ev5s1 ,?omas  ,eady1 ,jo%ua 
,ellwell1 ,sam4 ,s5  ,eldridge1 ,eli%a  
,f]riss1 ,b5j41 ,s5r4  ,f]riss1 ,b5j41  
,junr4  ,f]riss1 ,b5j41 #crd  ,f]riss1  
,zebulon  ,f]riss1 ,joseph1 ,junr4      
,f]riss1 ,mat!w  ,f]riss1 ,za*>iah      
,f]riss1 ,zebulon  ,f]riss1 ,gilb]t     
,f]riss1 ,re$  ,f]riss1 ,david  ,field1 
,john  ,field1 ,samuel  ,f9*1 ,re$      
,f9*1 ,eb5ez]  ,fl9t1 ,asa  ,frankl91   
,walt]  ,frankl91 ,john  ,fi%]1         
,na?aniel  ,fo/]1 ,josiah  ,full]1      
,jona?an  ,fair*ild1 ,eleaz]  ,fair*ild1
 ,alex&]  ,gidd+s1 ,joseph  ,gidd+s1    
,jona?an  ,gidd+s1 ,zebulon  ,gregory1  
,samuel  ,gregory1 ,ralph  ,gregory1    
,rivevias  ,gregory1 ,j]emiah  ,graves1 
,j$$iah  ,graves1 ,russell  ,gif=d1     
,b5j41 ,s5r4  ,gif=d1 ,b5j41 ,junr4     
,gif=d1 ,gideon  ,gif=d1 ,joseph        
,gaylord1 ,eb5ez]  ,gaylord1 ,b5jam9    
,gayl>d1 ,william  ,gayl>d1 ,a>on       

,gayl>d1 ,phebe  ,griff91 ,phillip      
,gillet1 ,hezekiah  ,g\rham1 ,i*abod    
,g>lick1 ,re$  ,gray1 ,william  ,g>rett1
 ,?omas  ,gre51 ,david  ,halaway1 ,john 
,halaway1 ,william  ,h[l&1 ,az>iah      
,h[l&1 ,william  ,h[l&1 ,israel  ,h[l&1 
,pr9ce  ,h[l&1 ,na?aniel  ,h[l&1 ,s>ah  
,h[l&1 ,*>les  ,h[l&1 ,cook  ,h[l&1     
,na?aniel1 ,junr4  ,h[l&1 ,peleg  ,h[l&1
 ,samuel  ,h[l&1 ,john  ,h[l&1 ,silvey  
,h[l&1 ,anne  ,hunt1 ,william  ,hunt1   
,samuel1 f>m]  ,hunt1 ,/eph5  ,hunt1    
,elizabe?  ,hunt1 ,abel  ,hunt1 ,daniel1
 ,junr4  ,hunt1 ,timo?y  ,hunt1 ,daniel1
 ,s5r4  ,hall1 ,james  ,hall1 ,lewis    
,hit*cock1 ,john  ,h]r+ton1 ,moses      
,hat*1 ,malti]  ,hat*1 ,b5j4  ,holi/]1  
,na?aniel  ,holi/]1 ,abel  ,holi/]1     
,jona?an  ,h[>d1 ,edw>d  ,h[>d1 ,edw>d1 
,junr4  ,h[>d1 ,/eph5  ,h[>d1 ,john     
,hoag1 ,lydia1 ,b5j4 daught]  ,hoag1    
,amos  ,hoag1 ,david1 ,junr41 c>t]      
,hoag1 ,abn]1 #b  ,hoag1 ,samuel  ,hoag1
 ,john1 m]*ant  ,hoag1 ,abn]1 #a  ,hoag1
 ,william1 c>t]  ,hoag1 ,timo?y  ,hoag1 

,elijah  ,hoag1 ,abigail  ,hoag1 ,/eph5 
,hoag1 ,joseph  ,hoag1 ,john1 m]*ant    
,hoag1 ,john1 #a/  ,hoag1 ,john1 #bnd   
,hoag1 ,john1 #e?  ,hoag1 ,ru? ,s41     
daught]  ,hoag1 ,eno*  ,hoag1 ,pet]     
,hoag1 ,eli%a  ,hoag1 ,s>ah ,n41 ,b5j4  
daught]  ,hoag1 ,eb5ez]  ,hoag1         
,abbigail  ,hoag1 ,wm41 ,joseph's son   
,hoag1 ,david1 ,s5r4  ,hoag1 ,john1 ,d4 
son  ,hoag1 ,daniel  ,hoag1 ,paul       
,hoag1 ,tabi?y  ,hammond1 ,jona?an      
,hammond1 ,william  ,hammond1 ,samuel   
,hammond1 ,jona?an1 ,junr4  ,hammond1   
,b5j41 coop]  ,hammond1 ,m>y  ,hammond1 
,elizabe?  ,happ]n1 ,anne  ,happ]n1     
,george  ,hubbell1 ,gayl>d  ,hubbell1   
,d5nis  ,hubbell1 ,%adrick  ,hubbell1   
,john  ,hubbell1 ,ephraim  ,hubbell1    
,eleaz]  ,hubbell1 ,gideon  ,holdridge1 
,?omas  ,hung]=d1 ,josiah  ,hung]=d1    
,?omas  ,hung]=d1 ,samuel  ,hung]=d1    
,miriam  ,hurd1 ,david1 tailor  ,hurd1  
,george1 doctor  ,hurd1 ,william  ,h[>d1
 ,ru?  ,hill1 ,anne  ,hill1 ,george     
,hill1 ,h5ry  ,hill1 ,john  ,hill1      

,/eph5  ,havil&1 ,dan  ,hill1 ,caleb1   
c>t]  ,havil&1 ,isaac  ,havil&1         
,susannah  ,havil&1 ,solomon  ,havil&1  
,m>y  ,havil&1 ,joseph  ,havil&1 ,john  
,havil&1 ,/eph5  ,havil&1 ,james        
,holaway1 ,joseph  ,havil&1 ,rog]       
,havil&1 ,b5j4  ,havil&1 ,jacob  ,hull1 
,daniel  ,ha9s1 ,solomon  ,hadd51       
,b>?olemew  ,h5drick1 ,john  ,haws1     
,edmund  ,hilks1 ,edmund  ,holmes1      
,?ad=d  ,holli/]1 ,joseph  ,halms1      
,?ad=d  ,h>t1 ,lydia  ,hatfield1 ,b>ns  
,hicks1 ,john  ,hicks1 ,b5jam9  ,hawley1
 ,isaac  ,hill]d1 ,na?an  ,h&y1 ,jude   
,iri%1 ,joseph1 f>m]  ,iri%1 ,isaac     
,iri%1 ,john  ,iri%1 ,j$$iah1 ,s5r4     
,iri%1 ,j$$iah1 ,junr4  ,+]sol1 ,daniel 
,+]soll1 ,josiah  ,jewett1 ,j$$iah      
,jewit1 ,a>on  ,jewit1 ,isaac  ,johnson1
 ,john  ,johnson1 ,sab9  ,jeff]s1 ,rob]t
  ,john1 ,june1 ,jr4  ,joyce1 ,john     
,kelly1 ,w+  ,keel]1 ,ezra1 c>t]        
,kaysson1 ,james1 :eelwright  ,kane1    
,john1 m]*ant  ,ket*am1 ,elihu  ,k5t1   
,se?  ,knapp1 ,moses  ,knapp1 ,moses    

,lake1 ,?omas  ,lake1 ,judah  ,lake1    
,?omas1 ,junr4  ,loveless1 ,joseph      
,lee1 ,john  ,lee1 ,asahel  ,lee1 ,john1
 ,jr4  ,lea*1 ,eb5ez]  ,lea*1 ,ephraim  
,lea*1 ,john  ,lea*1 ,james  ,lea*1     
,i*abod  ,lea*1 ,miriam  ,lee1 ,ca!r9e  
,lea*1 ,simeon  ,lea*1 ,amos  ,leon>d1  
,moses  ,leon>d1 ,isaac  ,leon>d1 ,david
  ,ludd+ton1 ,h5ry  ,langdon1 ,john     
,le/]1 ,murray  ,lewis1 ,sam4           
,lamphire1 ,jessee  ,lamphire1 ,eli%a   
,lamph]e1 ,john  ,l[rey1 ,john          
,lanca/]1 ,a>on  ,lum1 ,samuel  ,lacey1 
,se?  ,loveless1 ,joseph  ,m>t91        
,aggrippa  ,m>t91 ,ephraim  ,m>t51      
,manasah  ,m>t91 ,james  ,mo%]1 ,b5j4   
,mo%]1 ,daniel  ,mo%]1 ,lav9ia  ,mo%]1  
,jona?an  ,mo%]1 ,hannah  ,mo%]1 ,m>y   
,mill]d1 ,phebe  ,mill]d1 ,jo%ua        
,mill]d1 ,jo%ua  ,mill]d1 ,jona?an      
,mill]d1 ,john ,phillips  ,mill]d1      
,rob]t1 ,jr4  ,mill]d1 ,jacob  ,m5zies1 
,?omas  ,morgan1 ,joseph  ,m5zies1      
,alex&]  ,m5zies1 ,?omas  ,morgan1      
,consid]  ,miles1 ,sam4  ,m>%1 ,john    

,m>%1 ,elihu  ,m>%1 ,eunice  ,morison1  
,malcum  ,m>%1 ,samuel  ,munroe1 ,sam41 
,jr  ,munroe1 ,na?an  ,mead1 ,daniel1   
,jr4  ,mead1 ,jessee  ,man1 ,sam4  ,man1
 ,dep5d5ce  ,m]ritt1 ,nehemiah1 ,jr4    
,mill]d1 ,b5ajah  ,munroe1 ,daniel      
,moreh\se1 ,john  ,mead1 ,daniel1 ,s5r4 
,mal>y1 ,caleb  ,mc,herty1 ,mancey      
,m>sey1 ,eb5ez]  ,milk1 ,job  ,mc,man1  
,cornelius  ,noble1 ,asahel  ,nor?rop1  
,amos  ,nor?rop1 ,abraham  ,nor?rop1    
,salmon  ,nor?rop1 ,amos1 ,jr4          
,nor?rop1 ,johannah  ,nor?rop1 ,moses   
,nor?rop1 ,?omas  ,nor?rop1 ,david      
,noble1 ,zadoc  ,noble1 ,?addeus        
,noble1 ,/eph5  ,noble1 ,morgan  ,noble1
 ,david  ,noble1 ,gideon  ,negro1 ,sip1 
slave  ,negro1 ,tone1 slave  ,negro1    
,kajah1 slave  ,negro1 ,je?ro1 slave    
,ni*olas1 ,r[l&  ,ni*olas1 ,john        
,ni*]son1 ,se?  ,nick]son1 ,se?1 ,jr4   
,norton1 ,r[l&  ,norton1 ,lydia  ,ne]+s1
 ,john  ,odle1 ,daniel  ,osborn1        
,jona?an1 ,s5r4  ,osborn1 ,paul1 pott]  
,osborn1 ,isaac  ,osborn1 ,jona?an1 ,jr4

  ,osborn1 ,amos1 pott]  ,osborn1 ,a>on 
,osborn1 ,/eph5  ,price1 ,john          
,peasely1 ,eb5ez]  ,picket1 ,b5jam9     
,pickett1 ,eb5ez]  ,peasely1 ,john      
,peasely1 ,isaac  ,pott]1 ,james        
,pott]1 ,william  ,pott]1 ,judah        
,pepp]1 ,/eph5  ,p>ce1 ,jona?an  ,p]ce1 
,wm4  ,pepp]1 ,john1 ,jr4  ,pepp]1 ,john
  ,page1 ,jona?an1 ,s5r4  ,page1 ,john  
,page1 ,william  ,page1 ,lydia  ,page1  
,s>ah  ,pr9dle1 ,a>on  ,pr9dle1 ,david  
,pr9dle1 ,john  ,pr9dle1 ,gideon        
,pr9ce1 ,job  ,p>ks1 ,:it5  ,p>ks1      
,ri*>d  ,p5degrass1 ,william  ,p]ry1    
,sam4  ,p]ry1 ,r[l&  ,pr9dle1 ,dan1 ,jr4
  ,peasely1 ,john  ,pr9dle1 ,samuel     
,p\rham1 ,john  ,p]ry1 ,john  ,p]ry1    
,george  ,p>ks1 ,daniel  ,p5field1 ,pet]
  ,platt1 ,samuel  ,p5ny1 ,ammial       
,phillips1 ,samuel  ,patt]son1 ,james   
,patt]son1 ,&rew  ,p5ny1 ,william       
,phillips1 ,mif=d1 ,jr4  ,p5n51 ,wright 
,patt]son1 ,alex&]  ,palm]1 ,ph9ehas    
,putni*olos1 ,na?an  ,port]1 ,jo%ua     
,phelps1 ,b>ney  ,phelps1 ,william      

,peek1 ,ph9ehas  ,peek1 ,samuel         
,prosp]1 ,i*abod  ,palmet]1 ,silv5us    
,pe>ce1 ,na?an1 ,esq4  ,prec9ct by ,&rew
 ,moreh\se  ,qu9by1 ,ephraim  ,russell1 
,elihu  ,russell1 ,william  ,russell1   
,m>g>et  ,russell1 ,samuel  ,russell1   
,elizabe?  ,ross1 ,zebulon  ,ross1      
,daniel  ,ross1 ,zebulon1 ,jr4  ,ross1  
,mat?ias  ,ross1 ,hugh  ,ri*>dson1      
,william  ,r5nolds1 ,j]emiah  ,ruggals1 
,lois  ,ruggals1 ,joseph  ,rundle1      
,joseph1 ,s5r4  ,/eph5s1 ,?omas  ,/ev5s1
 ,b5j4  ,/eph5s1 ,joseph  ,%aw1         
,phallice  ,%aw1 ,joseph  ,%aw1         
,b5annuel1 f>m]  ,%aw1 ,b5j4  ,/ew>t1   
,lemuel  ,/ew>t1 ,james1 ,jr4  ,/ew>t1  
,james1 ,s5r4  ,/ew>t1 ,alex&]  ,/ew>t1 
,alex&]1 #bnd  ,/ew>t1 ,samuel  ,/ew>t1 
,na?aniel  ,sweet1 ,ezekiel  ,sweet1    
,*>les  ,sweet1 ,b5$ic  ,scribn]1 ,abel 
,scribn]1 ,abraham  ,spr+]1 ,ri*>d      
,spr+]1 ,john  ,scribn]1 ,zadoc  ,spr+]1
 ,elizabe?  ,%]wood1 ,daniel  ,/eph5s1  
,william  ,%]wood1 ,na?an  ,/ev5s1      
,william1 ,jr41 c>t]  ,/illson1 ,na?an  

,/illson1 ,eno*  ,/illson1 ,moses       
,/illson1 ,john  ,smi?1 ,m>y  ,smi?1    
,john  ,smi?1 ,daniel  ,sprague1 ,john  
,/ev5s1 ,pet]  ,smi?1 ,ri*>d  ,s\le1    
,george  ,s\le1 ,na?an1 ,jr4  ,s\le1    
,john  ,s\le1 ,elizabe?  ,s\le1 ,na?an  
,s\le1 ,joseph  ,%e>man1 ,b5j41 f>m]    
,%e>man1 ,jabez  ,%e>man1 ,ju/9         
,%e>man1 ,m>y ,w4  ,%e>man1 ,job        
,%e>man1 ,jo%ua  ,/eph5son1 ,na?aniel   
,/eph5son1 ,na?aniel1 ,jr4  ,%eld51     
,isaac  ,%eld51 ,george  ,%eld51 ,john  
,%eld51 ,joseph  ,%eld51 ,gideon        
,%eld51 ,b5j4  ,%eldon1 ,?omas  ,%eldon1
 ,pott]  ,%eldon1 ,s>ah  ,seelye1       
,na?aniel  ,seelye1 ,b5j41 ,s5r4        
,seelye1 ,eb5ez]  ,seelye1 ,eleanor     
,seelye1 ,abel  ,seelye1 ,bradley       
,seelye1 ,elizabe?  ,spauld51 ,na?an    
,spald51 ,samuel  ,spauld+1 ,abijah     
,sill1 ,elijah  ,/>ke1 ,william         
,%annon1 ,george  ,slocum1 ,abraham     
,sill1 ,uriah  ,slocum1 ,elizabe?       
,sill1  ,bangs  ,slocum1 ,b5j4          
,/eph5son1 ,james  ,%ove1 ,edw>d        

,/urdevant1 ,jona?an  ,/urdevant1 ,na?an
  ,/urdevant1 ,john  ,/urdevant ,e/h]   
,smi?1 ,noah  ,smi?1 ,gaius  ,/>ke1     
,james  ,/>ke1 ,*ri/oph]1 ,jr4  ,slone1 
,sam4  ,salsbury1 ,s>ah  ,salmon1       
,hannah  ,/ork]1 ,se?  ,seam51 ,/eph5   
,/$well1 ,james  ,/$well1 ,gilb]t       
,salmon1 ,john  ,sweet1 ,b5$ic  ,sab91  
,j]emiah1 blacksmi?  ,seaman1 ,moses    
,/one1 ,ea?ael  ,/>ke1 ,a>on  ,%$1 ,m>?a
  ,sab91 ,j]emiah1 ,s5r4  ,%app>oon1    
,pet]  ,/one1 ,eb5ez]  ,?omas1 ,john    
,?omas1 ,b5j4  ,?omas1 ,abraham  ,?omas1
 ,lewis  ,tripp1 ,john  ,tripp1         
,exp]i5ce  ,tallcott1 ,gaius  ,tripp1   
,lott  ,t[n]1 ,dan  ,t[n]1 ,david       
,t[n]1 ,lois  ,t[n]1 ,sam1 ,s5r4  ,t[n]1
 ,m>y  ,t[n]1 ,za*eus  ,?at*]1 ,p>tridge
  ,tab]1 ,job  ,tab]1 ,hannah  ,tab]1   
,?omas1 ,esq4  ,tuttle1 ,eb5ez]         
,truman1 ,jona?an  ,tryon1 ,james       
,tryon1 ,asahel  ,tr[bridge1 ,se?       
,tr[bridge1 ,billey  ,tr[bridge1 ,caleb 
,t[n]1 ,sam1 ,jr4  ,trim1 ,moses        
,?ornton1 ,john  ,tayl]1 ,na?aniel      

,tyl]1 ,bezaleel  ,tryon1 ,elisabe?  ,t]
 ,boss1 ,daniel  ,t(fey1 ,john1 hat mak]
  ,t]ry1 ,pet]  ,vaughn1 ,william       
,vaughn1 ,joseph1 weav]  ,vaughn1       
,b5jam9  ,veal1 ,mi*ael  ,w+1 ,elisabe? 
,w+1 ,elihu  ,w+1 ,?omas  ,w+1 ,g]%om   
,w+1 ,edw>d  ,w+1 ,eli%a  ,w+1 ,john    
,w+1 ,william  ,w+1 ,abram ,?omas  ,w+1 
,pr9ce  ,w+1 ,russell  ,w+1 ,daniel     
,willcox1 ,l\is1 labor]  ,willcox1      
,?omas  ,willcox1 ,eunice  ,willcox1    
,jo%ua  ,willcox1 ,/eph5  ,willcox1     
,rebecca  ,willcox1 ,rebecca  ,willcox1 
,jeffrey  ,willcox1 ,h&y  ,willcox1     
,isaac  ,we/1 ,m>y  ,we/1 ,elijah  ,we/1
 ,delight  ,we/1 ,a>on  ,we/1 ,clem5t   
,we/1 ,s>ah1 ,clem5t's wife  ,we/1      
,b5ajah  ,wel*1 ,paul  ,willcox1 ,m>y   
,willcox1 ,antras  ,willcox1 ,s>ah      
,willcox1 ,amos  ,:eel]1 ,eno*  ,:eel]1 
,joseph  ,:eel]1 ,samuel  ,wright1      
,samuel  ,wright1 ,k5t  ,wright1 ,d5nis 
,wright1 ,deborah  ,wright1 ,m>y        
,wright1 ,uriah  ,wright1 ,abigail      
,wright1 ,samuel1 ,jr4  ,we$1 ,jacob    

,we$1 ,judah  ,wanz>1 ,moses  ,wanz>1   
,abraham  ,wanz>1 ,an?ony  ,wanz>1      
,abigail  ,wanz>1 ,abraham1 ,jr4        
,wanz]1 ,*e/]  ,wanz]1 ,d>kis  ,wanz]1  
,elizabe?  ,w>n]1 ,lemuel  ,w>n]1 ,oliv]
  ,w>n]1 ,orange  ,wood1 ,wilb]         
,wickham1 ,david  ,wickham1 ,phebe      
,wilk9son1 ,eb5ez]  ,wickham1 ,gideon   
,:itely1 ,rob]t  ,wickham1 ,john1 weav] 
,woodw>d1 ,jona?an  ,:itely1 ,m>?a      
,we$1 ,jacob  ,wood>d1 ,joseph  ,wood>d1
 ,john  ,wood>d1 ,elisabe?  ,wood>d1    
,ephraim  ,williams1 ,daviss  ,wallace1 
,na?aniel  ,walswor?1 ,william  ,wade1  
,jona?an  ,wallups1 ,jona?an  ,:eel]1   
,hezekiah  ,wa%burn1 ,joseph  ,woolman1 
,hannah  ,waldo1 ,jona?an  ,wel*1 ,john 
,wilk]son1 ,rob]t  ,williams1 ,m>ke     
,willmut1 ,lemuel  ,yates1 ,paul        
,,app5dix ,c4  ,,package ,,( ,,de$s ,,( 
,,oblong ,m4 ,m4 ,,prop]ties4  ,discov]$
 #aijf by ,,william ,,ryd]1 ( ,brew/]1  
,n4 ,y4   ,,de$4  ,zebulon ,f]riss1 (   
,oblong1 to ,b5jam9 ,f]riss1 ,david     
,ak91 ,eb5ez] ,peaslee1 ,david ,hoag1   

,joseph ,iri%1 ,nehemiah ,m]ritt &      
,abraham ,w+1 all ( ,beekman's ,prec9ct1
 ,dut*ess ,c\nty1 #ebhj squ>e feet1 be+ 
#acb feet frontage on nor? side ( road1 
& #dj feet deep1 ea/ ( ,zebulon ,f]riss'
 acre lot4 ,consid]ation f\r 7#d7 p\nds4
 ,dat$1 #d4af4agfd4 ,record$ 9 ! ,fir/  
,book ( ,fri5ds' ,records = ,dut*ess    
,c\nty 9 ! ,prov9ce ( ,new ,york1 ! #bd?
 ( ye #d? ,mo4 #agfd1 9 ,folio #hi1 #ij4
   ,,de$4  ,william ,russell ( ,oblong1 
to same grantees1 #dj squ>e rods1 be+ #e
 rods frontage on nor? side ( road1     
opposite ,fri5ds' old meet+ h\se1 & #h  
rods deep4 ,consid]ation #h p\nds4 7,^! 
two de$s seem to conflict z to direction
 & area47  ,record$ #d4bd4agfd 9 same   
volume1 page #hg & #hh4   ,,w>ranty     
,,de$4  ,joseph ,f]riss & ,na?an        
,gaylor1 bo? ( ,t[n ( ,new ,mil=d1      
,lit*field ,co41 ,conn41 to ,dobson     
,:eel]1 & ,gaius ,talcott ( same t[n1   
,b5jam9 ,f]riss1 ,david ,ak9s1 ,h5ry    
,*ase1 ,timo?y ,dak9s1 ,george ,s\le1   
,abraham ,w+1 ,re$ ,f]riss & ,zebulon   

,f]riss1 ( ,york ,gov]nm5t1 l& 9 ,new   
,mil=d 9 ! ,common ,field1 by ! side ( !
 ,great ,riv] at ! s\? end ( ! ,indian  
,field lots1 a top ( ! hill ,ea/ ( !    
road1 z goes to ,danbury4 ,! ,meet+     
,h\se ( ! ,p call$ ,quak]s' ,/&s1 on !  
said l&4 ,we _h x ( ,b5jam9 ,f]riss &   
,david ,noble ! quantity to be se5 on ! 
records & x all ! ,l& we are possess$ ( 
on ! ,ea/ ,side ( t ,road b\nd$ ,nor? & 
,we/ on ! road t goes to ,danbury1 ,ea/ 
on ! ,riv]4 ,dat$ ,july #f?1 #agfb4     
,,consid]ation ,,receiv$4  ,ackn[l$g$   
be=e ,john ,hit*cock1 ,j4 ,p4 ,record$  
,july #g1 #agfb1 9 ,new ,mil=d1 #i?     
,book ( ,records1 page #ffg4   ,,de$4   
,ni*olas ,wanz] ( ,new ,fairfield1      
,fairfield ,co41 ,conn41 to ! society ( 
p call$ ,quak]s1 "o acre 9 ,new ,mil=d1 
) ,meet+ ,h\se1 etc4 !reon4             
,consid]ation #b p\nds1 #aj %ill+s4     
,dat$ #aa4ba4aghh4 ,record$ 9 ,new      
,mil=d1 #af? ,book ( ,records1 page     
#dhd4 ,?is does n seem to be ! prop]ty  
describ$ 9 above de$ ( ,joseph ,f]riss1 

?is be+ on ! we/ side ( ! ,grate ,rode t
 goes nor? & s\? ?r\gh ! pla94  ,daniel 
,havil& ( ,s\!a/ prec9ct1 ,dut*ess      
,c\nty1 to ,joseph ,iri%1 ,edw>d ,%ove1 
,re$ ,f]riss & ,w+ ,kelley1 ( ,pawl+'s  
prec9ct & ,elna?an ,sweet & ,joseph     
,lanca/]1 ( ,beekman's prec9ct & ,b5jam9
 ,f]riss ( ,new ,mil=d1 ,conn41 = ! p   
call$ ,quak]s1 "o acre & #gj rods1 9    
,s\? ,ea/ prec9ct4 ,consid]ation1 love (
 ! ,society4 ,dat$ #h4ab4aghb4 ,n       
record$4   ,,de$4  ,rog] ,havil&1 ( ,new
 ,fairfield1 ,conn41 to same grantees1  
"o acre & #cj rods 9 ,s\? ,ea/ prec9ct4 
,consid]ation1 love ( ! ,society4 ,dat$ 
#h4ab4aghb4 ,n record$4 ,?is w\ld seem  
to jo9 ! prop]ty giv5 by ,daniel        
,havil&4   ,,de$4  ,john ,hoag1 (       
,pawl+'s prec9ct1 to ,na?an ,s\le1      
,edw>d ,%ove & ,?omas ,haight1 (        
,pawl+'s1 #db rods1 on ,ea/ ,side ( !   
highway 9 nor? end ( ,lot #ch ( !       
,oblong4 ,consid]ation1 love ( !        
,society4 ,dat$1 #b4ab4aghd4 ,record$ 9 
,oblong ,m4 ,m4 m9utes = #bnd mon?1     

#aghd4   ,,de$4  ,isaiah ,hoag1 (       
,pawl+'s prec9ct to ,na?an ,s\le1 ,edw>d
 ,%ove1 ,abn] ,hoag1 ,?omas ,haight1    
,az>iah ,h[l& & ,isaac ,osborn1 (       
,pawl+'s prec9ct1 #a-a_/b acres 9       
,pawl+'s prec9ct1 = pa/ur+ ,fri5ds'     
horses1 etc4 ,consid]ation #aj p\nds4   
,dat$ #g4cj4aghf4 ,n record$4 7,bran*   
,meet+ ,h\se47   ,,de$4  ,daniel ,w+1 ( 
,pawl+'s prec9ct1 to same grantees z    
above1 #de rods1 = build+ a meet+ h\se1 
etc4 ,consid]ation #e p\nds4 ,dat$      
#i4ah4aghf4 ,n record$4 7,bran* ,meet+  
,h\se47   ,,de$4  ,abn] ,hoag ( ,t[n (  
,dov]1 ,dut*ess ,co41 to ,m4 ,m4 (      
,oblong1 #bg rods1 adjo9+ ! meet+ h\se  
lot1 n[ call$ ,bran* ,meet+4            
,consid]ation #g4ej4 ,dat$ #e4ba4ahaa4  
,n record$4  ,li/ ( ,de$s belong+ to    
,oblong ,m4 ,m4 #e? ,mo41 #aghh4        
,,vita4   ,! au?or ( ?is diss]tation 0  
born ,may #a1 #ahfg4 ,he receiv$ f      
,ob]l9 ,college ! degree ( ,a4 ,b4 9    
#ahij1 & t ( ,a4 ,m4 9 #ahid4 ,he       
graduat$ f ,union ,!ological ,sem9>y 9  

#ahid1 & has s9ce s]v$ z an active pa/or
 at ,quak] ,hill & 9 ,brooklyn1 ,new    
,york4 ,:ile 9 ! ,sem9>y & also dur+ !  
ye>s #aijc-aije he 0 a graduate /ud5t 9 
,columbia ,univ]sity1 hav+ especial     
int]e/ 9 ! lectures ( ,pr(essor ,frankl9
 ,h4 ,gidd+s2 to :om z to 8 associates  
on ! ,faculty ( ,political ,sci5ce1 he  
owes a debt ( gratitude = a conception (
 ! common life ( m5 on ! e>?4