,transcrib]'s ,notes3 ,?is is ,pap] #db f ! ,smi?sonian ,in/itution ,unit$ ,/ates ,national ,museum ,bullet9 #bdj1 compris+ ,pap]s #cd-dd1 :i* w also be available z a complete e-book4 ,! front mat]ial1 introduction & relevant index entries f ! ,bullet9 are includ$ 9 ea* s+le-pap] e-book4 ,! ,sections entitl$ ,alba ,f4 ,smi? & ,se? ,wilm>? appe> 9 ! orig9al z box$ side b>s4 ,!y h be5 mov$1 along ) ,figure #ac1 f _! orig9al locations to ! end ( ! pap] to pres]ve ! fl[ ( ! text4 ,typographical errors h be5 correct$ z foll[s3 p#bei3 z late z #ahhj & has be5 "u /eam 70 /ream74 p#bfg3 made ) p>abolic reflectors 70 p>obolic74 ,,smi?sonian ,,in/itution ,,unit$ ,,/ates ,,national ,,museum ,,bullet9 #bdj ,illu/ration ,,smi?sonian ,,press ,,museum ,,( ,,hi/ory ,,& ,,te*nology ,,contributions ,,f ,,! ,,museum ,,( ,,hi/ory ,,& ,,te*nology ,pap]s #cd-dd ,on ,sci5ce & ,te*nology ,,smi?sonian ,,in/itution 4 ,,wa%+ton1 ,d4,c4 #aiff ,publications ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,national ,museum ,! s*ol>ly & sci5tific publications ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,national ,museum include two s]ies1 ,proce$+s ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,national ,museum & ,unit$ ,/ates ,national ,museum ,bullet94 ,9 ^! s]ies1 ! ,museum publi%es orig9al articles & monographs deal+ ) ! collections & "w ( its con/itu5t museums--,! ,museum ( ,natural ,hi/ory & ! ,museum ( ,hi/ory & ,te*nology--sett+ =? newly acquir$ facts 9 ! fields ( an?ropology1 biology1 hi/ory1 geology1 & te*nology4 ,copies ( ea* publication are di/ribut$ to libr>ies1 to cultural & sci5tific organizations1 & to speciali/s & o!rs int]e/$ 9 ! diff]5t subjects4 ,! ,proce$+s1 begun 9 #ahgh1 are int5d$ = ! publication1 9 sep>ate =m1 ( %ort] pap]s f ! ,museum ( ,natural ,hi/ory4 ,^! are ga!r$ 9 volumes1 octavo 9 size1 ) ! publication date ( ea* pap] record$ 9 ! table ( cont5ts ( ! volume4 ,9 ! ,bullet9 s]ies1 ! fir/ ( :i* 0 issu$ 9 #ahge1 appe> long]1 sep>ate publications consi/+ ( monographs 7occasionally 9 sev]al p>ts7 & volumes 9 :i* are collect$ works on relat$ subjects4 ,bullet9s are ei!r octavo or qu>to 9 size1 dep5d+ on ! ne$s ( ! pres5tation4 ,s9ce #aijb pap]s relat+ to ! botanical collections ( ! ,museum ( ,natural ,hi/ory h be5 publi%$ 9 ! ,bullet9 s]ies "u ! head+ ,contributions f ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,national ,h]b>ium1 & s9ce #aiei1 9 ,bullet9s titl$ ,contributions f ! ,museum ( ,hi/ory & ,te*nology1 h be5 ga!r$ %ort] pap]s relat+ to ! collections & rese>* ( t ,museum4 ,! pres5t collection ( ,contributions1 ,pap]s #cd-dd1 comprises ,bullet9 #bdj4 ,ea* ( ^! pap]s has be5 previ\sly publi%$ 9 sep>ate =m4 ,! ye> ( publication is %[n on ! la/ page ( ea* pap]4 ,,frank ,a4 ,,taylor ,director1 ,unit$ ,/ates ,national ,museum ,,contributions ,,f ,,! ,,museum ,,( ,,hi/ory ,,& ,,te*nology3 ,,pap] #db ,,! ,,pione]3 ,,light ,,pass5g] ,,locomotive ,,( #ahea ,,9 ,,! ,,museum ,,( ,,hi/ory ,,& ,,te*nology ,john ,h4 ,:ite ,,! ,,cumb]l& ,,valley ,,railroad #bdd ,,s]vice ,,hi/ory ,,( ,,! ,,pione] #bdi ,,me*anical ,,description ,,( ,,! ,,pione] #bea ,,footnotes ,,index ,illu/ration3 ,figure #a4--,,! ,,pione]1 ,,built ,,9 #ahea1 %[n "h z r5ovat$ & exhibit$ 9 ! ,museum ( ,hi/ory & ,te*nology1 #aifd4 ,9 #aifj ! locomotive 0 giv5 to ! ,smi?sonian ,in/itution by ! ,p5nsylvania ,railroad ?r\gh ,john ,s4 ,fair1 ,jr4 7,smi?sonian photo #fccdd;,b47 ,john ,h4 ,:ite ,! ,,pione]3 ,,light ,,pass5g] ,,locomotive ( #ahea ,9 ! ,museum ( ,hi/ory & ,te*nology ,9 ! mid-n9ete5? c5tury !re 0 a r5ew$ int]e/ 9 ! light1 s+le-axle locomotives :i* 7 prov+ s v successful = pass5g] traffic4 ,^! eng9es 7 built 9 limit$ numb] by ne>ly e well-kn[n mak]1 & among ! few rema9+ is ! #f-:eel ,pione]1 on display 9 ! ,museum ( ,hi/ory & ,te*nology1 ,smi?sonian ,in/itution4 ,?is locomotive is a true repres5tation ( a light pass5g] locomotive ( #ahea & a hi/oric relic ( ! mid-n9ete5? c5tury4 ,,! ,,au?or3 ,john ,h4 ,:ite is associate curator ( transportation 9 ! ,smi?sonian ,in/itution's ,museum ( ,hi/ory & ,te*nology4 ,! ,,pione] is an unusual locomotive & on fir/ inspection w\ld seem to be imp]fect = s]vice on an ,am]ican railroad ( ! #ahej's4 ,?is locomotive has only "o pair ( driv+ :eels & no truck1 an arrangem5t :i* m>ks x z v diff]5t f ! highly successful /&>d #h-:eel eng9e ( ?is p]iod4 ,all six :eels ( ! ,pione] are rigidly atta*$ to ! frame4 ,x is only half ! size ( an #h-:eel eng9e ( #ahea & ab\t ! same size ( ! #d--b--j s common 9 ?is c\ntry "s #bj ye>s e>li]4 ,its g5]al arrangem5t is t ( ! rigid ,engli% locomotive :i* _h1 ye>s e>li]1 prov5 unsuitable = use on ,u4,s4 railroads4 ,^! objections are m app>5t ?an real1 = ! ,pione]1 & o!r eng9es ( ! same design1 prov$ em95tly successful :5 us$ 9 ! s]vice = :i* !y 7 built1 t ( light pass5g] traffic4 ,! ,pione]'s rigid :eelbase is no problem1 = :5 x is comp>$ to t ( an #h-:eel eng9e x is f\nd to be ab\t f\r feet less2 & its small size is no problem :5 we realize x 0 n int5d$ = heavy s]vice4 ,figure #b1 a diagram1 is a comp>ison ( ! ,pione] & a /&>d #h-:eel locomotive4 ,s9ce ! s]vice life ( ! ,pione] 0 sp5t on ! ,cumb]l& ,valley ,railroad1 a brief acc\nt ( t l9e is necess>y to an und]/&+ ( ! s]vice hi/ory ( ?is locomotive4 ,exhibits ( ! ,pione] ,! ,pione] has be5 a hi/oric relic s9ce #aija4 ,9 ! fall ( t ye> m9or repairs 7 made to ! locomotive s t x might be us$ 9 ! sesquic5t5nial celebration at ,c>lisle1 ,p5nsylvania4 ,on ,octob] #bb1 #aija1 ! eng9e 0 ready = s]vice1 b z x ne>$ ,c>lisle a copp] flue bur/4 ,! fire 0 ext+ui%$ & ! ,pione] 0 pu%$ into t[n by ano!r eng9e4 ,9 ! tw5tie? c5tury1 ! ,pione] 0 display$ at ! ,l\isiana ,pur*ase ,exposition1 ,/4 ,l\is1 ,miss\ri1 9 #aijd1 & at ! ,:eel+1 ,we/ ,virg9ia1 semic5t5nial 9 #aiac4 ,9 #aibg x jo9$ _m o!r hi/oric locomotives at ! ,baltimore & ,ohio ,railroad's ,fair ( ! ,iron ,horse :i* commemorat$ ! fir/ "o hundr$ ye>s ( t company4 ,f ab\t #aiac to #aibe ! ,pione] also appe>$ a numb] ( times at ! ,apple-blossom ,fe/ival at ,w9*e/]1 ,virg9ia4 ,9 #aicc-aicd x 0 display$ at ! ,_w's ,fair 9 ,*icago1 & 9 #aidh at ! ,railroad ,fair 9 ! same city4 ,betwe5 #aicd & ,m>* #aidg x 0 exhibit$ at ! ,frankl9 ,in/itute1 ,philadelphia1 ,p5nsylvania4 ,! ,cumb]l& ,valley ,railroad ,! ,cumb]l& ,valley ,railroad 7,c4,v4,r4,r47 0 *>t]$ on ,april #b1 #ahca1 to connect ! ,susquehanna & ,potomac ,riv]s by a railroad ?r\gh ! ,cumb]l& ,valley 9 s\?-c5tral ,p5nsylvania4 ,! ,cumb]l& ,valley1 ) its ri* f>ml& & iron-ore deposits1 0 a natural nor?-s\? r\te long us$ z a portage betwe5 ^! two riv]s4 ,con/ruction began 9 #ahcf1 & because ( ! level valley "s #eb miles ( l9e 0 complet$ betwe5 ,h>risburg & ,*amb]sburg by ,novemb] #af1 #ahcg4 ,9 #ahfj1 by way ( ! ,frankl9 ,railroad1 ! l9e ext5d$ to ,hag]/[n1 ,m>yl&4 ,x 0 n until #ahga t ! ,cumb]l& ,valley ,railroad rea*$ its project$ s\!rn t]m9us1 ! ,potomac ,riv]1 by ext5d+ to ,p[ells ,b5d1 ,m>yl&4 ,w9*e/]1 ,virg9ia1 0 ent]$ 9 #ahij giv+ ! ,cumb]l& ,valley ,railroad ab\t #afe miles ( l9e4 ,! railroad :i* _h become associat$ ) ! ,p5nsylvania ,railroad 9 #ahei1 0 m]g$ ) t company 9 #aiai4 ,by #ahdi ! ,cumb]l& ,valley ,railroad 0 9 poor condition2 ! /rap-rail track 0 worn out & new locomotives 7 ne$$4 ,capta9 ,daniel ,tyl] 0 hir$ to sup]vise rebuild+ ! l9e ) ,t-rail1 & easy grades & curves4 ,tyl] recomm5d$ t a "y fri5d ( 81 ,alba ,f4 ,smi?1 be put 9 *>ge ( mod]niz+ & acquir+ new equipm5t4 ,smi? recomm5d$ to ! railroad's ,bo>d ( ,manag]s on ,june #be1 #ahea1 t mu* light] eng9es ?an ^? n[ 9 use may be sub/itut$ = ! pass5g] transportation & !reby effect a great sav+ bo? 9 po9t ( fuel & road repairs4444#a ,smi? may well h gone on to expla9 t ! road 0 op]at+ #c- & #d-;c> pass5g] tra9s ) a locomotive weigh+ ab\t #bj tons2 ! total weight 0 ab\t #ge tons1 equall+ ! uneconomical deadweight ( #abjj p\nds p] pass5g]4 ,s9ce spe$ 0 n an important consid]ation 7#cj mph be+ a good av]age71 ! use ( light] eng9es w\ld improve ! deadweight-to-pass5g] ratio & w\ld n result 9 a sl[] s*$ule4 ,! ,bo>d ( ,manag]s agre$ ) ,smi?'s recomm5dations & in/ruct$ him 444 to exam9e ! two locomotives lately built by ,mr4 ,wilm>? & n[ 9 ! protection8 ( ,capta9 ,tyl] at ,norwi* & if 9 8 judgm5t !y are adequate to our wants 444 h !m =w>d$ to ! road4#b ,smi? inspect$ ! locomotives n long aft] ?is resolution 0 pass$1 = !y 7 on ! road by ! "t he made ! foll[+ report#c to ! ,bo>d on ,septemb] #bd1 #ahea3 ,9 accordance ) a resolution pass$ at ! la/ meet+ ( y\r body relative to ! small eng9es built by ,mr4 ,wilm>? ,i proce$$ to ,norwi* to make trial ( _! capacity--fitness or suitability to ! ,pass5g] transportation ( our ,road--& aft] z ?or\gh a trial z circum/ances w\ld admit 7be+ on ano!r ,road ?an our own7 ,i became satisfi$ t ) "s necess>y improvem5ts :i* w\ld n be exp5sive 7& are n[ be+ made at our %op7 ! eng9es w\ld d ! bus9ess ( our ,road n only 9 a mann] satisfactory 9 po9t ( spe$ & c]ta9ty b ) great] ultimate economy 9 ,exp5ses ?an has be=e be5 practis$ 9 ?is ,c\ntry4 ,illu/ration3 ,figure #b4--;,,diagram ,,comp>+ ! ,pione] 7%ad$ draw+7 ) ! ,columbia1 a /&>d #h-:eel eng9e ( #ahea4 7,draw+ by ,j4 ,h4 ,:ite47 ,columbia ,hudson ,riv] ,railroad ,l[ell ,ma*9e ,%op1 #aheb ,wt4 #bg-a_/b tons 7eng9e only7 ,cyl4 #af-a_/b x #bb in*es ,:eel diam4 #hd in*es ,pione] ,cumb]l& ,valley ,railroad ,se? ,wilm>?1 #ahea #ab-a_/b tons #h-a_/b x #ad in*es #ed in*es ,aft] mak+ ! above trial ( ! ,eng9es--,i /at$ to y\r ,hon4 ,presid5t ! result ( ! trial--) my op9ion ( _! ,capacity to c>ry our pass5g] tra9s at ! spe$ requir$ :i* 0 decid$ly 9 favor ( ! ability ( ! ,eng9es4 ,he accord+ly agre$ t ! ,eng9es %\ld at once be =w>d$ to ! ,road 9 compliance ) ! ,resolution ( y\r ,bo>d4 ,i imm$iately ord]$ ! ,eng9es %ipp$ at ! mo/ favorable rates4 ,!y came to our ,road safely 9 ! ,condition 9 :i* !y 7 %ipp$4 ,"o ( ! ,eng9es has be5 plac$ on ! ,road & ,i believe p]=m$ 9 su* a mann] z to conv9ce all :o are able to judge ( ?is ability to p]=m--al?\gh ! maximum duty ( ! ,eng9es 0 n p]=m$ on acc\nt ( "s orig9al defects :i* are n[ be+ rem$i$ z ,i be=e /at$4 ,)9 t5 days ! ,eng9e w be able to run regul>ly ) a tra9 on ! ,road :]e 9 %all be enabl$ to judge correctly ( _! m]its4 ,an accid5t occurr$ dur+ ! trial ( ! ,small ,eng9e at ,norwi* :i* caus$ a damage ( ab\t #cjj 9 :i* condition ! ,eng9e came "h & is n[ be+ repair$--! co/ ( :i* w be pres5t$ to y\r ,bo>d h]eaft]4 ,z to ! fault or blame ( p>ties connect$ ) ! accid5t z also ! "q ( responsibility = ,repairs are que/ions = y\r disposal4 ,i !re=e leave ! matt] until fur!r call$ ^u4 ,! ,exp5ses necess>ily incurr$ by ! trial ( ! ,eng9es & also ! ,exp5ses ( transport+ ! same are n includ$ 9 ! ,/atem5t h]e) pres5t$1 ! :ole am\nt ( :i* w n probably exce$ #djj4jj4 ,^! two locomotives became ! ,cumb]l& ,valley ,railroad's ,pione] 7numb] #ac7 & ,j5ny ,l9d 7numb] #ad74 ,:ile ,smi? notes t "o ( ! eng9es 0 damag$ dur+ ! inspection trials1 ,joseph ,w9t]s1 an employee ( ! ,cumb]l& ,valley :o claim$ he 0 accompany+ ! eng9e enr\te to ,*amb]sburg at ! "t ( _! deliv]y1 lat] recall$ t bo? eng9es 7 damag$ 9 transit4#d ,accord+ to ,w9t]s a tra9 ran into ! re> ( ! ,j5ny ,l9d1 damag+ bo? x & ! ,pione]1 ! accid5t occurr+ ne> ,middlet[n1 ,p5nsylvania4 ,! ,j5ny ,l9d 0 repair$ at ,h>risburg b ! ,pione]1 less s]i\sly damag$1 0 tak5 = repairs to ! ma9 %ops ( ! ,cumb]l& ,valley road at ,*amb]sburg4 ,illu/ration3 ,figure #c4--,,pione]1 ,,ab\t #aija1 %[+ ! s&box & l>ge headlamp4 ,note ! lamp on ! cab ro(1 n[ us$ z ! headlight4 7,smi?sonian photo #dibgb47 ,:ile !re seems little "q t ^! locomotives 7 n built z a direct ord] = ! ,cumb]l& ,valley ,railroad1 an article#e appe>+ 9 ! ,railroad ,advocate 9 #ahee cr$its _! design to ,smi?4 ,! article speaks ( a #b--b--d built = ! ,macon & ,we/]n ,railroad & says 9 "p3 ,?is eng9e is design$ & built v g5]ally ^u ! ideas1 embodi$ 9 "s small tank eng9es design$ by ,a4 ,f4 ,smi?1 ,esq41 = ! ,cumb]l& ,valley road4 ,mr4 ,smi? is a /rong advocate ( light eng9es1 & 8 novel /yle & proportions ( eng9es1 z built = him a few ye>s s9ce1 by ,se? ,wilm>?1 at ,bo/on1 are kn[n to "s ( our read]s4 ,)\t kn[+ all ! circum/ances "u :i* ^! eng9es are work$ on ! ,cumb]l& ,valley road1 we %\ld n v5ture to repeat all t we h he>d ( _! p]=mances1 x is en\gh to say t !y are said to d m1 9 proportion to _! weight1 ?an any o!r eng9es n[ 9 use4 ,! au?or believes t ! ,railroad ,advocate's claim ( ,smi?'s design ( ! ,pione] has be5 confus$ ) 8 design ( ! ,utility 7figs4 #f1 #g74 ,smi? design$ ?is comp5sat+-lev] eng9e to haul tra9s ov] ! ,c4,v4,r4,r4 bridge at ,h>risburg4 ,x 0 built by ,wilm>? 9 #ahed4 ,illu/ration3 ,figure #d4--,,map ,,( ,,! ,,cumb]l& ,,valley ,railroad z x appe>$ 9 #aiai4 ,accord+ to /atem5ts ( ,smi? & ! ,bo>d ( ,manag]s quot$ on page #bdd1 ! ,pione] & ! ,j5ny ,l9d 7 n new :5 pur*as$ f _! mak]1 ,se? ,wilm>?4 ,al?\gh ( rec5t manufacture1 previ\s to ,june #ahea1 !y 7 app>5tly do+ s]vice on a road 9 ,norwi*1 ,connecticut4 ,x %\ld be m5tion$ t bo? ,smi? & ,tyl] 7 =m]ly associat$ ) ! ,norwi* & ,worce/] ,railroad & !y probably le>n$ ( ^! two eng9es ?r\gh ?is =m] association4 ,x is possible t ! eng9es 7 pur*as$ f ,wilm>? by ! ,cumb]l& ,valley road1 :i* _h b\ght sev]al o!r locomotives f ,wilm>? 9 previ\s ye>s4 ,x 0 ! practice ( at lea/ "o o!r ,new ,engl& eng9e build]1 ! ,taunton ,locomotive ,works1 to manufacture eng9es on ! speculation t a buy] w\ld be f\nd2 if no imm$iate buy]s appe>$ ! eng9e 0 leas$ to a local road until a sale 0 made4#f ,illu/ration3 ,figure #e4--;,,an ,,e>ly ,,broadside ( ! ,cumb]l& ,valley ,railroad4 ,reg>d+ ! ,j5ny ,l9d & ,pione]1 ,smi? report$#g to ! ,bo>d ( ,manag]s at _! meet+ ( ,m>* #ag1 #aheb3 ,! small tank eng9es :i* 7 pur*as$ la/ ye> 444 & :i* ,i spoke 9 a =m] report z und]go+ at t "t "s necess>y improvem5ts h s9ce t "t be5 fairly te/$ z to _! capacity to run our pass5g] tra9s & prov$ to be equal to ! duty4 ,! improvem5ts propos$ to be made h be5 complet$ only on "o eng9e ,j5ny ,l9d :i* is n[ runn+ regul>ly ) pass5g] tra9s--! co/ ( repairs & improvem5ts on ?is eng9e 7?is be+ ! "o accid5tally brok5 on ! trial7 am\nt$ to #dgf4ea4 ,! o!r eng9e is n[ 9 ! %op1 n yet ready = s]vice b w be at an e>ly day4 ,illu/ration3 ,figure #f4--,,! ,,utility ,,z ,,rebuilt ,,to ,,an #h-,,:eel ,,eng9e1 ab\t #ahfc or #ahfd4 ,x 0 pur*as$ by ! ,c>lisle ,manufactur+ ,co4 9 #ahhb & 0 la/ us$ 9 #ahif4 7,smi?sonian photo #cfgaf;,f47 ,illu/ration3 ,figure #g4--,,! ,,utility1 ,,design$ ,,by ,,smi? ,a4 ,f4 & con/ruct$ by ,se? ,wilm>? 9 #ahed1 0 built to haul tra9s across ! bridge at ,h>risburg1 ,pa4 ,illu/ration3 ,figure #h4--,,! ,,e>lie/ ,,kn[n ,,illu/ration ( ! ,pione]1 drawn by ,a4 ,s4 ,hull1 ma/] me*anic ( ! ,cumb]l& ,valley ,railroad 9 #ahgf4 ,x depicts ! eng9e z x appe>$ 9 #ahga4 7,c\rtesy ( ,paul ,we/haeff]47 ,! ,pione] & ,j5ny ,l9d a*iev$ su* success 9 action t ! presid5t ( ! road1 ,fr$]ick ,watts1 comm5t$ on _! p]=mance 9 ! annual report ( ! ,cumb]l& ,valley ,railroad = #ahea4 ,watts /at$ t s9ce _! pass5g] tra9s 7 r>ely m ?an a baggage c> & two coa*es1 ! light locomotives 444 h be5 f\nd to be admirably adapt$ to our bus9ess4 ,! ,cumb]l& ,valley ,railroad1 !re=e1 add$ two m locomotives ( simil> design 9 ! next few ye>s4 ,^! eng9es 7 ! ,bo/on & ! ,ent]prise1 also built by ,wilm>? 9 #ahed-ahee4 ,watts report$ ! ,pione] & ,j5ny ,l9d co/ #g1fdb4 ,a /&>d #h-:eel eng9e co/ ab\t #f1ejj to #h1jjj ea* dur+ ?is p]iod4 ,9 rec5t ye>s1 ! ,p5nsylvania ,railroad has /at$ ! ,pione] co/ #f1bjj 9 gold1 b is unable to give ! s\rce = ?is in=mation4 ,! au?or c disc\nt ?is /atem5t = x does n seem reasonable t a light1 *eap eng9e ( ! patt]n ( ! ,pione] c\ld co/ z mu* z a ma*9e ne>ly twice its size4 ,illu/ration3 ,figure #i4--;,,annual ,,pass ( ! ,cumb]l& ,valley ,railroad issu$ 9 #ahfc4 ,illu/ration3 ,figure #aj4--,,timetable ,,( ,,! ,cumb]l& ,valley ,railroad = #ahgh4 ,s]vice ,hi/ory ( ! ,pione] ,aft] be+ put 9 s]vice1 ! ,pione] cont9u$ to p]=m well & 0 cr$it$ z able to move a #d-;c> pass5g] tra9 along sm>tly at #dj mph4#h ,?is tranquility 0 %att]$ 9 ,octob] #ahfb by a raid+ p>ty l$ by ,conf$]ate ,g5]al ,j4 ,e4 ,b4 ,/u>t :i* burn$ ! ,*amb]sburg %ops ( ! ,cumb]l& ,valley ,railroad4 ,! ,pione]1 ,j5ny ,l9d1 & ,utility 7 p>tially de/roy$4 ,! ,cumb]l& ,valley ,railroad 9 its report = #ahfb /at$3 ,! ,wood-%op1 ,ma*9e-%op1 ,black-smi?-%op1 ,eng9e-h\se1 ,wood-%$s1 & ,pass5g] ,depot 7 totally consum$1 & ) ! ,eng9e-h\se ?ree second-class ,eng9es 7 mu* injur$ by ! fire1 b n s de/roy$ b t !y may be re/or$ to usefulness4 ,h[ev]1 no record c be f\nd ( ! ext5t or exact nature ( ! damage4 ,! %ops & a numb] ( c>s 7 burn$ s x is reasonable to assume t ! cab & o!r wood5 p>ts ( ! locomotive 7 damag$4 ,"o unv]ifi$ report 9 ! files ( ! ,p5nsylvania ,railroad /ates t "p ( ! ro( & brick wall fell on ! ,pione] dur+ ! fire caus+ consid]able damage4 ,9 ,june #ahfd ! ,*amb]sburg %ops 7 aga9 burn$ by ! ,conf$]ates1 b on ?is occasion ! railroad manag$ to remove all its locomotives be=e ! raid4 ,dur+ ! ,civil ,w>1 ! ,cumb]l& ,valley ,railroad 0 oblig$ to op]ate long] pass5g] tra9s to satisfy ! enl>g$ traffic4 ,! ,pione] & its si/] s+le-axle eng9es 7 f\nd too light = ^! tra9s & 7 us$ only on "w & special tra9s4 ,ref]5ce to table #a w %[ t ! mileage ( ! ,pione] fell (f %>ply = ! ye>s #ahfj-ahfe4 ,,table #a4--,,ye>ly ,,mileage ,,( ,,! ,,pione] 7,f ,annual ,reports ( ! ,cumb]l& ,valley ,railroad7 ,ye>3 ,miles #aheb #c1ahb;a #ahec #bj1gbb;b #ahed #ah1jhg #ahee #ad1aea #ahef #bj1iih #aheg #bb1ggi #aheh #bi1jid #ahei #bi1ega #ahfj #d1hbd #ahfa #d1cdf #ahfb 7c7 #ahfc #e1cci #ahfd #bbd #ahfe #b1bae #ahff #bj1edf #ahfg #e1gji #ahfh #ac1fbf #ahfi #a1cgb #ahgj 444 #ahga #b1ajb #ahgb #d1jjb #ahgc #c1gba #ahgd #c1dff #ahge #fcf #ahgf #hgj #ahgg #djf #ahgh #d1dcc #ahgi 444 #ahhj #h1cjf #ahha 7d7 --------- ,total #bdd1gbg;e ,,footnotes ,,to ,,table #a3 a ,mileage #aheb = ,janu>y to ,septemb] 7no record ( mileage record$ 9 ,annual ,reports previ\s to #aheb74 b #ae1jjj to #bj1jjj miles p] ye> 0 consid]$ v high mileage = a locomotive ( ! #ahej's4 c ,no mileage report$ = any eng9es due to fire4 d ,n li/$ on ro/]4 e ,! ,p5nsylvania ,railroad claims a total mileage ( #bee1fge4 ,?is may be acc\nt$ = by records ( mileages = #ahfb1 #ahgj1 & #ahgi4 ,9 #ahga ! ,pione] 0 remodel$ by ,a4 ,s4 ,hull1 ma/] me*anic ( ! railroad4 ,! exact nature ( ! alt]ations _c be det]m9$1 z no draw+s or photographs ( ! eng9e previ\s to ?is "t are kn[n to exi/4 ,9 fact1 ! draw+ 7fig4 #h7 prep>$ by ,hull 9 #ahgf to %[ ! eng9e z remodel$ 9 #ahga is ! olde/ kn[n illu/ration ( ! ,pione]4 ,paul ,we/haeff]1 a lifelong /ud5t ( ,cumb]l& ,valley ,r4 ,r4 hi/ory1 /ates t accord+ to an int]view ) "o ( ,hull's desc5dants ! only alt]ation made to ! ,pione] dur+ ! #ahga remodel+ 0 ! addition ( a h&brake4 ,! road's annual report ( #ahec describes ! ,pione] z a six-:eel tank eng9e4 ,! report ( #ahed m5tions t ! ,pione] us$ l9k motion4 ,^! /atem5ts are en\gh to give sub/ance to ! idea t ! basic arrangem5t has surviv$ unalt]$ & t x has n be5 ext5sively rebuilt1 z 0 ! ,j5ny ,l9d 9 #ahgh4 ,by ! #ahgj's1 ! ,pione] 0 too light = ! heavi] c>s !n 9 use & by #ahhj x _h rea*$ ! end ( its usefulness = regul> s]vice4 ,aft] ne>ly ?irty ye>s on ! road x _h run #bee1fge miles4 ,two new pass5g] locomotives 7 pur*as$ 9 #ahhj to h&le ! heavi] tra9s4 ,9 #ahha ! ,pione] 0 dropp$ f ! ro/]1 b 0 us$ until ab\t #ahij = "w tra9s4 ,aft] ?is "t x 0 /or$ 9 a %$ at ,fall+ ,spr+1 ,p5nsylvania1 ne> ! ,*amb]sburg y>ds ( ! ,c4,v4,r4,r4 ,me*anical ,description ( ! ,pione] ,illu/ration3 ,figure #aa4--,,pione]1 ,,ab\t #aija1 sc5e unkn[n4 7,photo c\rtesy ( ,?omas ,norrell47 ,aft] ! e>ly #ahdj's ! s+le-axle locomotive1 hav+ "o pair ( driv+ :eels1 0 l>gely sup]s$$ by ! #h-:eel eng9e4 ,! desire to op]ate long] tra9s & ! ne$ = eng9es ( great] traction to ov]come ! /eep grades ( ,am]ican roads call$ = c\pl$ driv+ :eels & ma*9es ( great] weight ?an ! #d--b--j4 ,aft] ! introduction ( ! #d--d--j1 ! s+le-axle eng9e receiv$ little att5tion 9 ?is c\ntry except = light s]vice or su* special tasks z inspection or dummy eng9es4 ,illu/ration3 ,figure #ab4--,,! ,,pione] ,,9 ,,c>lisle1 ,,pa41 #aija4 7,photo c\rtesy ( ,?omas ,norrell47 ,!re 01 h[ev]1 a r5ew$ int]e/ 9 s+les 9 ! e>ly #ahej's because ( ,w4 ,b4 ,adams' exp]im5ts ) light pass5g] locomotives 9 ,engl&4 ,9 #ahej ,adams built a light s+le-axle tank locomotive = ! ,ea/]n ,c\nties ,railway :i* prov$ v economical = light pass5g] traffic4 ,x 0 su* a success t consid]able int]e/ 9 light locomotives 0 g5]at$ 9 ?is c\ntry z well z 9 ,engl&4 ,ne>ly #ajj s+le-axle locomotives 7 built 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates betwe5 ab\t #ahde-ahgj4 ,^! eng9es 7 built by ne>ly e well-kn[n mak]1 f ,h9kley 9 ,bo/on to ! ,vulcan ,f\ndry 9 ,san ,francisco4 ,dan=? ,cooke ,co4 ( ,pat]son built a /&>d patt]n #d--b--d us$ by _m roads4 ,"o ( ^!1 ! ,c4 ,p4 ,hunt+ton1 survives to ! pres5t "t4 ,! foll[+ p>agraphs describe ! me*anical details ( ! ,pione] z x appe>s on exhibition 9 ! ,smi?sonian ,in/itution's new ,museum ( ,hi/ory & ,te*nology4 ,,boil] ,! boil] is ! mo/ important & co/ly "p ( a /eam locomotive1 repres5t+ "o-f\r? to "o-?ird ( ! total co/4 ,a poorly built or design$ boil] w produce a poor locomotive no matt] h[ well made ! rema9d] ( me*anism4 ,! boil] ( ! ,pione] is ( ! wagon-top1 cr[nb>1 fire-tube /yle & is made ( a #e_/af-;in* ?ick1 wr\ght-iron plate4 ,! b>rel is v small1 9 keep+ ) ! size ( ! eng9e1 be+ only #bg in*es 9 diamet]4 ,:ile "s read]s may believe ?is to be an extremely e>ly example ( a wagon-top boil]1 we %\ld rememb] t mo/ ,new ,engl& build]s produc$ few locomotives ) ! ,bury 7dome7 boil] & t ! *ief advocates ( ?is lat] /yle 7 ! ,philadelphia build]s4 ,by ! e>ly #ahej's ! ,bury boil] pass$ out ( favor entirely & ! wagon top became ! /&>d type ( boil] ) all build]s 9 ?is c\ntry4 ,sixty-?ree iron tubes1 #a-g_/h in*es by #he in*es long are us$4 ,! orig9al tubes may h be5 copp] or brass s9ce ^! 7 easi] to keep tight ?an ! less malleable iron tubes4 ,! pres5t tube %eet is ( iron b 0 orig9ally copp]4 ,its ?ickness _c be conv5i5tly measur$1 b x is great] ?an t ( ! boil] %ell1 probably ab\t #a_/b to #e_/h in*4 ,:ile copp] tubes & tube %eets 7 n mu* us$ 9 ?is c\ntry aft] ab\t #ahgj1 copp] 0 employ$ z rec5tly z #aiej by ,rob]t ,/eph5son ,haw?orns1 ,ltd41 on "s small indu/rial locomotives4 ,! boil] %ell is lagg$ ) wood5 tongue-&-groove /rips ab\t #b-a_/b in*es wide 7felt also 0 us$ = insulation dur+ ?is p]iod74 ,! wood5 lagg+ is cov]$ ) ,russia %eet iron :i* is held 9 place & ! jo9ts cov]$ by poli%$ brass b&s4 ,russia %eet iron is a plani% iron hav+ a lu/r\s1 metallic gray f9i%4 ,illu/ration3 ,figure #ad4--,,! ,,fury1 ,,built ,,= ,,! ,bo/on & ,worce/] ,railroad 9 #ahdi by ,wilm>?4 ,x 0 kn[n z a ,%anghai because ( its great height4 7,smi?sonian ,*aney photo #fddc47 ,illu/ration3 ,figure #ae4--,,! ,,neptune1 ,,built ,,= ,,! ,bo/on & ,worce/] 9 #ahdg by ,h9kley & ,drury4 ,note ! simil>ity ( ?is eng9e & ! ,fury4 ,illu/ration3 ,figure #af4--,,! ,,pione] ,,z ,,fir/ ,,exhibit$ 9 ! ,arts & ,indu/ries build+ ( ! ,smi?sonian ,in/itution prior to re/oration ( ! s&box4 7,smi?sonian photo #dhjfi;,d47 ,! /eam dome 7fig4 #ah7 is locat$ directly ov] ! firebox1 inside ! cab4 ,x is lagg$ & jacket$ 9 an id5tical mann] to ! boil]4 ,! %ell ( ! dome is ( #e_/af-;in* wr\ght iron1 ! top cap is a ca/-iron plate :i* also s]ves z a manhole cov] (f]+ access to ! boil]'s int]ior = inspection & repair4 ,illu/ration3 ,figure #ag4--,,pione] locomotive4 7,draw+ by ,j4 ,h4 ,:ite47 ,illu/ration3 ,figure #ah4--,,pione] ,,locomotive1 7#a7 ,safety valve1 7#b7 spr+ balance1 7#c7 /eam jet1 7#d7 dry pipe1 7#e7 ?rottle lev]1 7#f7 ?rottle1 7#g7 cr[n b>1 7#h7 front tube %eet1 7#i7 *eck valve1 7#aj7 top rail1 7#aa7 re>-boil] bracket1 7#ab7 p$e/al1 7#ac7 rock] be>+1 7#ad7 damp]1 7#ae7 grate1 7#af7 bottom rail1 7#ag7 pump heat] valve1 7#ah7 cyl9d] lubricator1 7#ai7 rev]s+ lev]1 7#bj7 brake %oe1 7#ba7 mud r+1 7#bb7 bl[(f cock1 7#bc7 a%pan4 7,draw+ by ,j4 ,h4 ,:ite47 ,a r\nd plate1 #bj in*es 9 diamet]1 rivet$ on ! =w>d end ( ! boil]1 j beh9d ! bell /&1 0 f\nd :5 ! old jacket 0 remov$ 9 ,may #aifc4 ,! size & %ape ( ! hole1 :i* ! plate cov]s1 indicate t a /eam dome or manhole 0 locat$ at ?is po9t4 ,x is possible t ?is 0 ! orig9al location ( ! /eam dome s9ce _m build]s 9 ! e>ly #ahej's pref]r$ to m\nt ! dome =w>d ( ! firebox4 ,?is 0 done 9 ! belief t !re 0 less dang] ( prim+ because ! wat] 0 less agitat$ =w>d ( ! firebox4 ,! firebox is z n>r[ z ! boil] %ell & fits easily betwe5 ! frame4 ,x is a deep & n>r[ box1 measur+ #bg in*es by #bh in*es by ab\t #dj in*es deep1 & is well suit$ to burn+ wood4 ,a deep firebox 0 necess>y because a wide1 %all[ box suitable = coal burn+1 all[$ ! fuel to burn s quickly x 0 difficult to fire ! eng9e effectively4 ,) ! deep1 n>r[ firebox1 wood 0 fill$ up to ! level ( ! fire door4 ,9 ?is way1 ! fire did n burn s furi\sly & did n keep ahead ( ! fireman2 at ! same "t1 s9ce x burn$ s freely1 a good fire 0 always on h&4 ,! ,pione] burn$ oak & hickory4#ad ,= ! firebox #e_/af-;in* ?ick %eet 0 us$1 = heavi] %eet w\ld h bli/]$ & flak$ (f because ( ! int5se heat ( ! fire & ! fibr\s quality ( wr\ght-iron %eet ( ! p]iod4 ,%eet iron 0 fabricat$ f _m small /rips ( iron roll$ toge!r :ile hot4 ,^! /rips 7 ideally weld$ into a homog5e\s %eet1 b 9 practice x 0 f\nd ! ?ick] ! %eet ! less sure ! weld4 ,! fire grates are ca/ iron & set j a few in*es above ! bottom ( ! wat] space s t ! wat] bel[ ! grates rema9s less turbul5t & mud or o!r impurities 9 ! wat] settle "h4 ,f\r bronze mud plugs & a bl[(f cock are fitt$ to ! base ( ! firebox s t ! s$im5t ?us collect$ c be remov$ 7figs4 #ag1 #ah74 ,! front ( ! boil] is atta*$ to ! frame by ! smokebox1 :i* is a cyl9d]1 bolt$ on a light1 ca/-iron saddle 7n "p ( ! cyl9d] ca/+s nor atta*$ to !m1 b bolt$ directly to ! top rail ( ! frame2 x may be a ha/ily made repair put on at ! %ops ( ! ,c4,v4,r4,r474 ,! re> ( ! boil] is atta*$ to ! frame by two l>ge ca/-iron brackets1 "o on ea* side ( ! firebox 7fig4 #ah74 ,^! are bolt$ to ! top rail ( ! frame b ! holes 9 ! brackets are und\bt$ly slott$1 s t !y may slide s9ce ! boil] w exp& ab\t #a_/d in* :5 heat$4 ,9 addition to ! cr[n b>s1 :i* /r5g!n ! cr[n %eet1 ! boil] is fur!r /r5g!n$ by /ay bolts & braces locat$ 9 ! wagon top ov] ! firebox1 :]e ! boil] _h be5 weak5$ by ! l>ge hole necess>y = ! /eam dome4 ,?is boil] is a rem>kably light1 /rong1 & compact /ructure4 ,,boil] ,,fitt+s ,few boil] fitt+s are f\nd on ! ,pione] & x appe>s t little 0 done to update ! eng9e ) m mod]n devices dur+ its _m ye>s ( s]vice4 ,) ! exception ( ! /eam gauge1 x has no m boil] fitt+ ?an :5 x left ! build]'s %op 9 #ahea4 ,! ?rottle valve is a simple slide valve & mu/ h be5 primitive = ! "t1 = ! balance-poppet ?rottle valve 0 9 use 9 ?is c\ntry previ\s to #ahea4 ,x is locat$ directly bel[ ! /eam dome ev5 ?\gh x 0 common practice to place ! ?rottle valve at ! front ( ! boil] 9 ! smokebox4 ,consid]+ ! cramp$ condition inside ! smokebox1 !re w\ld seem to be little space = ! addition ( ! ?rottle valve2 h5ce its pres5t location4 ,! dry pipe projects up into ! /eam dome to ga!r ! hotte/1 drie/ /eam = ! cyl9d]s4 ,! inv]t$1 funnel-l cap on ! top ( ! dry pipe is to prev5t prim+1 z drops ( wat] may travel up ! sides ( ! pipe & !n to ! cyl9d]s1 ) ! possibility ( great damage4 ,aft] ! /eam ent]s ! ?rottle valve x passes ?r\gh ! front end ( ! valve1 ?r\gh ! top ( ! boil] via ! dry pipe 7fig4 #ah71 ?r\gh ! front tube %eet1 & !n to ! cyl9d]s via ! petticoat pipes4 ,! ?rottle lev] is a simple arrangem5t readily und]/ood f ! draw+s4 ,x has no lat* & ! ?rottle lev] is held 9 any desir$ sett+ by ! w+nut & quadrant %[n 9 figure #ah4 ,! wat] level 9 ! boil] is indicat$ by ! ?ree brass cocks locat$ on ! backhead4 ,no gauge glass is us$2 !y 7 n employ$ 9 ?is c\ntry until ! #ahgj's1 al?\gh !y 7 commonly us$ 9 ,engl& at ! "t ! ,pione] 0 built4 ,:ile two safety valves 7 commonly requir$1 only "o 0 us$ on ! ,pione]4 ,! safety valve is locat$ on top ( ! /eam dome4 ,pressure is ex]t$ on ! lev] by a spr+ balance1 fix$ at ! =w>d end by a knife-blade be>+4 ,! pressure c be adju/$ by ! ?umbscrew on ! balance4 ,! graduat$ scale on ! balance gave a g5]al b unc]ta9 indication ( ! boil] pressure4 ,! valve itself is a poppet held aga9/ ! face ( ! valve seat by a second knife blade atta*$ to ! lev]4 ,! ornam5tal column =m+ ! /& ( ! safety valve is ca/ iron & does mu* to decorate ! int]ior ( ! cab4 ,! pipe c>ry+ ! escap+ /eam projects ?r\gh ! cab ro(4 ,x is made ( copp] ) a decorative brass b&4 ,?is entire me*anism 0 replac$ by a mod]n safety valve = use at ! ,*icago ,railroad ,fair 7#aidi74 ,=tunately1 ! old valve 0 pres]v$ & has s9ce be5 replac$ on ! eng9e4 ,! /eam gauge is a lat] addition1 b c\ld h be5 put on z e>ly z ! #ahfj's1 s9ce ! mo/ rec5t pat5t date t x be>s is #ahei4 ,x is an ,a%cr(t gauge hav+ a h&some #d--d--j locomotive engrav$ on its silv] face4 ,! /eam jet 7item #c1 fig4 #ah7 is "o ( ! simple/ yet mo/ notable boil] fitt+ ( ! ,pione]1 be+ no?+ m ?an a valve tapp$ into ! base ( ! /eam dome ) a l9e runn+ "u ! boil] jacket to ! smoke/ack4 ,:5 ! valve is op5$ a jet ( /eam goes up ! /ack1 creat+ a draft useful = />t+ ! fire or enliv5+ x z necess>y4 ,?is device 0 ! inv5tion ( ,alba ,f4 ,smi? 9 #aheb1 accord+ to ! em95t #ai?-c5tury te*nical writ] & eng9e] ,z]ah ,colburn4#ae ,! two fe$wat] pumps 7fig4 #bj7 are locat$ b5ea? ! cab deck 7#a1 fig4 #ag74 ,!y are ca/-iron con/ruction & are driv5 by an ecc5tric on ! driv+-:eel axle 7fig4 #bg74 ,! air*amb] or dome 7#a1 fig4 #bg7 imp>ts a m /eady fl[ ( ! wat] to ! boil] by equaliz+ ! surges ( wat] f ! reciprocat+ pump plung]4 ,a /eam l9e 7#c1 fig4 #ah71 :i* heats ! pump & prev5ts freez+ 9 cold wea!r1 is regulat$ by a valve 9 ! cab 7figs4 #ah1 #bg74 ,note t ! l9e on ! "r side ( ! cab has be5 disconnect$ & plugg$4 ,! ecc5tric drive = ! pumps is unusual1 & ! au?or kn[s ( no o!r ,am]ican locomotive s equipp$4 ,ea/wick & ,h>rison1 x is true1 favor$ an ecc5tric drive = fe$ pumps1 b !y m\nt$ ! ecc5tric on ! crankp9 ( ! re> driv+ :eel & ?us produc$ 9 effect a half-/roke pump4 ,?is 0 n an unusual arrangem5t1 ?\gh a small crank 0 usually employ$ 9 place ( ! ecc5tric4 ,! full-/roke cros%ead pump ) :i* ! ,j5ny ,l9d 7fig4 #bb7 is equipp$1 0 ( c\rse ! mo/ common /yle ( fe$ pump us$ 9 ?is c\ntry 9 ! #ai? c5tury4 ,illu/ration3 ,figure #ai4--;,,backhead ( ! ,pione]4 7,smi?sonian photo #dhjfi;,f47 ,( all ! me*anisms on a #ai?-c5tury locomotive1 ! fe$ pump 0 ! mo/ tr\blesome4 ,if an eng9e] c\ld ?9k ( no?+ else to compla9 ab\t1 he c\ld usually call att5tion to a defective pump & n be f\nd a li>4 ,because ( ?is1 injectors 7 adopt$ aft] _! introduction 9 #ahfj4 ,x is surpris+ t ! ,pione]1 :i* 0 9 regul> s]vice z late z #ahhj & has be5 "u /eam _m times s9ce = num]\s exhibitions1 0 nev] fitt$ ) "o ( ^! devices4 ,because its /roke is %ort & ! plung] is 9 less rapid motion1 ! pres5t ecc5tric arrangem5t is m complex b less prone to disord] ?an ! simpl] b fa/] cros%ead pump4 ,illu/ration3 ,figure #bj4--;,,fe$wat] ,,pump ( ! ,pione]4 7,smi?sonian photo #fccdd47 ,! *eck valves are plac$ slightly bel[ ! c5t]l9e ( ! boil] 7fig4 #ah74 ,^! valves are an unf9i%$ bronze ca/+ & appe> to be ( a rec5t patt]n1 probably dat+ f ! #aija r5ovation4 ,at ! "t ! eng9e 0 built1 x 0 usual to h\se ^! valves 9 an ornam5tal spun-brass cas+4 ,! smoke/ack is ( ! bonnet type commonly us$ on wood-burn+ locomotives 9 ?is c\ntry betwe5 ab\t #ahde & #ahgj4 ,! exhau/ /eam f ! cyl9d]s is direct$ up ! /raight /ack 7%[n 9 phantom 9 fig4 #bg7 by ! bla/ pipe4 ,?is creates a p>tial vacuum 9 ! smokebox t draws ! fire1 gases1 a%1 & smoke ?r\gh ! boil] tubes f ! firebox4 ,! =ce ( ! exhau/+ /eam bl[s !m out ! /ack4 ,at ! top ( ! /raight /ack is a deflect+ cone :i* sl[s ! velocity ( ! exhau/ & *anges its direction caus+ x to g d[n into ! funnel-%ap$ out] cas+ ( ! /ack4 ,"h1 ! heavy emb]s & c9d]s are collect$ & prev5t$ f directly dis*>g+ into ! c\ntryside z dang]\s firebr&s4 ,wire nett+ is /ret*$ ov]top ( ! deflect+ cone to cat* ! light]1 m volatile emb]s :i* may defy ! action ( ! cone4 ,! t]m bonnet /ack results f ! fact t ?is nett+ is simil> 9 %ape to a lady's bonnet4 ,! c9d]s ?us accumulat$ 9 ! /ack's hopp] c\ld be empti$ by op5+ a plug at ! base ( ! /ack4 ,:ile ! deflect+ cone 0 reg>d$ highly z a sp>k arre/] & us$ practically to ! exclusion ( any o!r arrangem5t1 x _h ! basic defect ( keep+ ! smoke l[ & close to ! tra94 ,?is 0 a great nuisance to pass5g]s1 z ! l[ trail+ smoke blew into ! c>s4 ,if ! exhau/ _h be5 all[$ to bla/ /raight out ! /ack high into ! air1 mo/ ( ! sp>ks w\ld h burn$ out be=e t\*+ ! gr\nd4 ,illu/ration3 ,figure #ba4--,,pione] ,,on ,,exhibit 9 old ,arts & ,indu/ries build+ ( ! ,smi?sonian ,in/itution4 ,9 ?is view c be se5 ! bonnet scre5 ( ! /ack & arrangem5t ( ! boil]-frame braces & o!r details n visible f ! floor4 7,smi?sonian photo #dhjfi;,a47 ,illu/ration3 ,figure #bb4--;,,j5ny ,,l9d1 ,,si/] ,,eng9e ( ! ,pione]1 %[n "h z rebuilt 9 #ahgh = use z an inspection eng9e4 ,x 0 scrapp$ 9 ,m>* #aije4 7,photo c\rtesy ( ,e4 ,p4 ,alex&]47 ,illu/ration3 ,figure #bc4--;,,cyl9d] head ) valve box remov$4 ,illu/ration3 ,figure #bd4--;,,bottom ( valve box ) slide valve remov$4 ,illu/ration3 ,figures #be & #bf4--;,,cyl9d] ) valve box remov$1 %[+ valve face4 ,,frame ,! frame ( ! ,pione] defies an exact classification b x m closely resembles ! rivet$- or s&wi*-type frame ?an any o!r 7figs4 #ah1 #bg74 ,:ile ! simple b> frame enjoy$ ! greate/ popul>ity 9 ! la/ c5tury1 rivet$ frames 7 widely us$ 9 ?is c\ntry1 p>ticul>ly by ! ,new ,engl& build]s betwe5 ab\t #ahdj & #ahfj4 ,! rivet$ frame 0 fabricat$ f two plates ( iron1 ab\t #e_/h-;in* ?ick1 cut to ! %ape ( ! top rail & ! p$e/al4 ,a b> ab\t #b in*es squ>e 0 rivet$ betwe5 ! two plates4 ,a c>eful /udy ( photographs ( ,h9kley & o!r ,new ,engl&-built eng9es ( ! p]iod w reveal ?is /yle ( con/ruction4 ,! frame ( ! ,pione] diff]s f ! usual rivet$ frame 9 t ! top rail is #a-c_/d in*es ?ick by #d-a_/h in*es deep & runs ! l5g? ( ! locomotive4 ,! p$e/als are made ( two #c_/h-;in* plates flu%-rivet$ to ea* side ( ! top rail4 ,! ca/-iron %oes :i* s]ve z guides = ! j\rnal boxes also act z spac]s betwe5 ! p$e/al plates4 ,! bottom rail ( ! frame is a #a-a_/h-;in* diamet] rod :i* is =g$ squ>e at ! p$e/als & =ms ! p$e/al cap4 ,! frame is fur!r /iff5$ by two diagonal rods runn+ f ! top ( ea* truck-:eel p$e/al to ! base ( ! driv+-:eel p$e/al1 =m+ a truss4 ,six rods1 rivet$ to ! boil] %ell & bolt$ to ! frame's top rail1 /r5g!n ! frame lat]ally4 ,f\r ( ^! rods c be se5 easily z !y run f ! frame to ! middle ( ! boil]2 ! o!r two are rivet$ to ! und]side ( ! boil]4 ,! atta*m5t ( ^! rods to ! boil] 0 an undesirable practice1 = ! boil] %ell 0 ?us subject$ to ! additional /ra9 ( ! locomotive's vibrations z x pass$ ov] ! road4 ,9 lat] ye>s1 z locomotives grew 9 size1 ?is practice 0 avoid$ & frames 7 made suffici5tly /rong to hold ! eng9e's ma*9]y 9 l9e )\t us+ ! boil] %ell4 ,! front & re> frame beams are ( flat iron plate bolt$ to ! frame4 ,! re> beam _h be5 pu%$ 9 dur+ an accid5t1 & in/ead ( its be+ replac$1 ano!r plate 0 rivet$ on & b5t out 9 ! opposite direction to =m a pocket = ! re> c\pl+ p94 ,note t !re is no drawb> & t ! c\pl] is m]ely bolt$ to ! beams4 ,s9ce ! eng9e only pull$ light tra9s1 ! arrangem5t 0 suffici5tly /rong4 ,,runn+ ,,ge> ,! runn+ ge> is simply sprung ) individual leaf spr+s = ea* axle2 x is n connect$ by equaliz+ lev]s4 ,to f9d an ,am]ican locomotive n equipp$ ) equaliz]s is surpris+ s9ce !y 7 almo/ a necessity to produce a reasonably smoo? ride on ! r\gh tracks ( ,am]ican railroads4 ,equaliz]s /eadi$ ! motion ( ! eng9e by di/ribut+ ! %ock receiv$ by any "o :eel or axle to all ! o!r :eels & axles s connect$1 ?us m9imiz+ ! effects ( an unev5 roadb$4 ,! au?or believes t ! ,pione] is a h>d-rid+ eng9e4 ,! spr+s ( ! ma9 drives are m\nt$ 9 ! usual fa%ion4 ,! re> boil] bracket 7fig4 #ah7 is slott$ s t ! spr+ hang] may pass ?r\gh = its connection ) ! frame4 ,! spr+ ( ! lead+ :eels is set at "r angles to ! frame 7fig4 #bg7 & be>s on a beam1 fabricat$ ( iron plate1 :i* 9 turn be>s on ! j\rnal boxes4 ,! spr+s ( ! trail+ :eels are set p>allel ) ! frame & are m\nt$ betwe5 ! p$e/al plates 7fig4 #ah74 ,! c5t] ( ! driv+ :eel is ca/ iron & has spokes ( ! old rib patt]n1 :i* is a ,t 9 cross section1 & 0 us$ previ\s to ! adoption ( ! holl[ spoke :eel4 ,9 ! mid-#ahcj's ,baldw9 & o!rs us$ ?is rib-patt]n /yle ( :eel1 except t ! rib fac$ inside4 ,! pres5t driv+-:eel c5t]s are unque/ionably orig9al4 ,! si/] eng9e ,j5ny ,l9d 7fig4 #bb7 0 equipp$ ) id5tical driv+ :eels4 ,! pres5t tires are v ?9 & beyond _! la/ turn+4 ,!y are wr\ght iron & %runk to fit ! :eel c5t]s4 ,flu% rivets are us$ = fur!r security4 ,! left :eel1 %[n 9 figure #ag1 is crack$ at ! hub & is fitt$ ) an iron r+ to prev5t its break+4 ,! truck :eels1 ( ! holl[ spoke patt]n1 are ca/ iron ) *ill$ treads4 ,!y 7 made by ,asa ,:itney1 "o ( ! lead+ c>-:eel manufactur]s 9 ?is c\ntry1 ^: ext5sive plant 0 locat$ 9 ,philadelphia4 ,made "u ,:itney's pat5t ( #ahff1 ^! :eels may well h be5 add$ to ! ,pione] dur+ ! #ahga rebuild+4 ,railroad :eels 7 n ca/ f ord9>y ca/ iron1 :i* 0 too weak & brittle to /& ! sev]e s]vice = :i* !y 7 int5d$1 b f a high-quality ca/ iron simil> to t us$ = cannons4 ,its t5sile /r5g?1 :i* rang$ f #ca1jjj to #cf1jjj psi1 0 rem>kably high & v ne>ly approa*$ t ( ! be/ wr\ght-iron plate4 ,! cyl9d]s are ca/ iron ) an #h-a_/b-;in* bore ab\t half ! size ( ! cyl9d]s ( a /&>d #h-:eel eng9e4 ,! cyl9d]s are bolt$ to ! frame b n to ! saddle1 & are set at a #i deg4 angle to cle> ! lead+ :eels & at ! same "t to l9e up ) ! c5t] ( ! driv+-:eel axle4 ,! wood lagg+ is cov]$ ) a decorative brass jacket4 ,ornam5tal brass jacket+ 0 ext5sively us$ on mid-#ai?-c5tury ,am]ican locomotives to cov] n only ! cyl9d]s b /eam & s& boxes1 *eck valves1 & valve boxes4 ,! great] exp5se = brass 7,russia iron or pa9t$ %eet iron 7 a *eap] sub/itute7 0 ju/ifi$ by ! argum5t t brass la/$ ! life ( ! eng9e1 & c\ld be reclaim$ = scrap at a price approa*+ ! orig9al co/2 & also t :5 brightly poli%$ x reflect$ ! heat1 prev5t+ loss by radiation1 & its bright surface c\ld be se5 a great di/ance1 ?us help+ to prev5t accid5ts at grade cross+s4 ,! read] %\ld be c>eful n to miscon/rue ! above argum5ts simply z rationalization on ! "p ( ma/] me*anics m int5t on highly decorative ma*9es ?an on ! practical consid]ations involv$4 ,! valve box1 a sep>ate ca/+1 is fa/5$ to ! cyl9d] ca/+ by six bolts4 ,! side cov] plates :5 remov$ %[ only a small op5+ suitable = inspection & adju/m5t ( ! valve4 ,! valve box mu/ be remov$ to p]mit repair or removal ( ! valve4 ,a bett] und]/&+ ( ?is me*anism & ! lay\t ( ! p>ts c be ga9$ f a /udy ( figures #bc-bf1 #bh 7#h1 #h;,a1 & #h;,b74 ,illu/ration3 ,figure #bg4--,,pione] ,,locomotive4 7#a7 ,air *amb]1 7#b7 rev]s+ lev]1 7#c7 c\nt]weight1 7#d7 rev]s+ %aft1 7#e7 l9k hang]1 7#f7 rock]1 7#g7 fe$wat] l9e to boil]1 7#h7 l9k block1 7#i7 l9k1 7#aj7 ecc5tric1 7#aa7 pump plung]1 7#ab7 pump /eamheat] l9e1 7#ac7 fe$wat] pump1 7#ad7 wire nett+ bonnet1 7#ae7 deflect+ cone1 7#af7 /ack1 7#ag7 /ack hopp]4 7,draw+ by ,j4 ,h4 ,:ite47 ,illu/ration3 ,figure #bh4--,,re> ,,elevation ( ,pione] & detail ( valve %ift]2 valve face & valve4 7,draw+ by ,j4 ,h4 ,:ite47 ,bo? cros%eads 7 orig9ally ( ca/ iron b "o ( ^! has be5 replac$ & is ( /eel4 ,!y run into /eel guides1 bolt$ at ! =w>d end to ! re> cyl9d] head & support$ 9 ! re> by a yoke4 ,! yoke is "o ( ! m f9i%$ & bett] made pieces on ! entire eng9e 7fig4 #bg74 ,! ma9 rod is ( ! old patt]n1 r\nd 9 cross section1 & only #a-a_/b in*es 9 diamet] at ! l>ge/ po9t4 ,,valve ,,ge> ,! valve ge> is ( ! ,/eph5son %ift+-l9k patt]n 7see fig4 #bg71 a simple & dep5dable motion us$ ext5sively 9 ?is c\ntry betwe5 ab\t #ahej & #aijj4 ,! au?or believes t ?is is ! orig9al valve ge> ( ! ,pione]1 s9ce ! fir/ m5tion 7#ahed7 9 ! ,annual ,report ( ! ,cumb]l& ,valley ,railroad ( ! /yle ( valve ge> us$ by ea* eng9e1 /ates t ! ,pione] 0 equipp$ ) a %ift+-l9k motion4 ,assum+ ?is to be ! orig9al valve ge> ( ! ,pione]1 x mu/ be reg>d$ z an e>ly application1 because ! ,/eph5son motion 0 j be+ introduc$ into ,am]ican locomotive practice 9 ! e>ly #ahej's4 ,f\r ecc5trics drive ! motion2 two are = =w>d motion & two = rev]se4 ,! l9k is split & made ( two curv$ pieces4 ,! rock] is fabricat$ ( sev]al =g$ pieces key$ & bolt$ toge!r4 ,on bett] made eng9es ! rock] w\ld be a "o-piece =g+4 ,! l[] arm ( ea* rock] is curi\sly %ap$1 made ) a slot s t ! l9k block may be adju/$4 ,g5]ally1 ! only adju/m5t possible 0 effect$ by v>y+ ! l5g? ( ! valve /em by ! adju/+ nuts provid$4 ,a simple weight & lev] atta*$ to ! rev]s+ %aft s]ve z a c\nt]balance = ! l9ks & ?us assi/ ! eng9e] 9 %ift+ ! valve motion4 ,!re are eight positions on ! quadrant ( ! rev]s+ lev]4 ,illu/ration3 ,figure #bi4--,,pione] on exhibit 9 old ,arts & ,indu/ries build+1 %[+ ! tank & backhead4 7,smi?sonian photo #dhjfi;,e47 ,,miscellane\s ,,notes ,! cab is solid walnut ) a natural f9i%4 ,x is v possible t ! second cab 0 add$ to ! locomotive aft] ! #ahfb fire4 ,a brass gong us$ by ! conductor to signal ! eng9e] is fa/5$ to ! und]side ( ! cab ro(4 ,?is /yle ( gong 0 9 use 9 ! #ahej's & may well be orig9al equipm5t4 ,! wat] tank is 9 two sections1 "o "p ext5d+ bel[ ! deck1 betwe5 ! frame4 ,! tank holds #fjj gallons ( wat]4 ,! t5d] holds "o cord ( wood4 ,! small p$e/al-m\nt$ s&box 0 us$ on sev]al ,cumb]l& ,valley eng9es includ+ ! ,pione]4 ,?is box 0 remov$ f ! eng9e sometime betwe5 #aija & #aijd4 ,x 0 on ! eng9e at ! "t ( ! ,c>lisle sesquic5t5nial b disappe>$ by ! "t ( ! ,/4 ,l\is exposition4 ,two small s&boxes1 m\nt$ on ! driv+-:eel spla% gu>ds1 replac$ ! orig9al box4 ,! l>ge headlamp 7fig4 #c7 app>5tly disappe>$ at ! same "t & 0 replac$ by a crudely made lamp =m]ly m\nt$ on ! cab ro( z a backup light4 ,headlamps ( comm]cial manufacture 7 c>efully f9i%$ & made ) p>abolic reflectors1 elaborate burn]s1 & h&somely fitt$ cases4 ,su* a lamp c\ld ?r[ a beam ( light = #ajjj feet4 ,! pres5t lamp has a flat cone-%ap$ piece ( t9 = a reflector4 ,! bru%es atta*$ to ! pilot 7 us$ 9 ! w9t] to bru% sn[ & loose ice (f ! rail & ?us improve traction4 ,9 good wea!r ! bru%es 7 set up to cle> ! tracks4 ,illu/ration3 ,figure #cj4--,,recon/ruct$ ,,s&box replac$ on ! locomotive1 ,augu/ #aifb4 7,draw+ by ,j4 ,h4 ,:ite47 ,aft] ! ,pione] _h come to ! ,national ,museum1 x 0 decid$ t "s ref9i%+ 0 requir$ to return x z ne>ly z possible to ! /ate ( ! orig9al eng9e4 ,replac+ ! s&box 0 an obvi\s *ange4#bj ,! brass cyl9d] jackets 7 also replac$4 ,! cab 0 /ripp$ & c>efully ref9i%$ z natural wood4 ,! old safety valve 0 replac$1 z already m5tion$4 ,rejacket+ ! boil] ) simulat$ ,russia iron produc$ a mo/ pleas+ effect1 add+ n only to ! au!nticity ( ! display b mak+ ! eng9e appe> light] & reliev+ ! somb] blackness :i* 0 n *>act]i/ic ( a locomotive ( ! #ahej's4 ,sev]al m9or replacem5ts are yet to be done2 *iefly among ^! are ! cyl9d]-cock l9kage & a prop] headlamp4 ,! "q arises1 has ! eng9e surviv$ z a true & accurate repres5tation ( ! orig9al ma*9e built 9 #ahea8 ,9 answ]1 x c be said t al?\gh ! ,pione] 0 damag$ en r\te to ! ,cumb]l& ,valley ,railroad1 modifi$ on receipt1 burn$ 9 #ahfb1 & op]at$ = altoge!r ne>ly #dj ye>s1 surpris+ly few new appliances h be5 add$1 nor has ! g5]al arrangem5t be5 *ang$4 ,und\bt$ly1 ! ma9 reason ! eng9e is s little *ang$ is t its small size & odd fram+ did n invite any l>ge inve/m5t = ext5sive alt]ation = o!r uses4 ,b !re c be no positive answ] z to its pres5t v>iance f ! orig9al appe>ance z repres5t$ 9 ! olde/ kn[n illu/ration ( x--! ,hull draw+ ( #ahga 7fig4 #h74 ,!re are few1 if any1 surviv+ #ai?-c5tury locomotives t h n suff]$ num]\s rebuild+s & are n greatly alt]$ f ! orig9al4 ,! ,john ,bull1 also 9 ! ,u4,s4 ,national ,museum collection1 is a good example ( a ma*9e _m times rebuilt 9 its #cj ye>s ( s]vice4#ba ,unless o!r in=mation is uncov]$ to ! contr>y1 x c be /at$ t ! ,pione] is a true repres5tation ( a light pass5g] locomotive ( #ahea4 ,alba ,f4 ,smi? ,alba ,f4 ,smi?1 ! man responsible = ! pur*ase ( ! ,pione]1 0 born 9 ,lebanon1 ,connecticut1 ,june #bh1 #ahag4i ,smi? %[$ promise z a me*anic at an e>ly age & by ! "t he 0 #bb _h e/abli%$ leadpipe works 9 ,norwi*4 ,8 att5tion 0 drawn p>ticul>ly to locomotives s9ce ! tracks ( ! ,norwi* & ,worce/] ,railroad pass$ 8 %op4 ,8 attempts to develop a sp>k arre/] = locomotives br\ght ,smi? to ! favorable att5tion ( ,capta9 ,daniel ,tyl] 7#agii-ahhb71 presid5t ( ! ,norwi* & ,worce/] ,railroad4 ,:5 ,tyl] 0 hir$ by ! ,cumb]l& ,valley ,railroad 9 #ahej to sup]vise ! l9e's rebuild+1 he p]suad$ ! manag]s ( t road to hire ,smi? z sup]9t5d5t ( ma*9]y4#aj ,smi? 0 appo9t$ z sup]9t5d5t ( ! ma*9e %op ( ! ,cumb]l& ,valley ,railroad on ,july #bb1 #ahej4aa ,on ,janu>y #a1 #ahea1 he became sup]9t5d5t ( ! road4 ,9 ,m>* ( #ahef ,smi? resign$ 8 position ) ! ,cumb]l& ,valley ,railroad & became sup]9t5d5t ( ! ,hudson ,riv] ,railroad1 :]e he rema9$ = only a ye>4 ,dur+ t "t he design$ ! coal-burn+ locomotive ,irv+ton1 rebuilt ! ,wat]man cond5s+ dummy locomotive = use 9 haul+ tra9s ?r\gh city /reets1 & develop$ a sup]heat]4#ab ,aft] retir+ f ! ,hudson ,riv] ,railroad he return$ to ,norwi* & became active 9 ent]prises 9 t area1 includ+ ! presid5cy ( ! ,norwi* & ,worce/] ,railroad4 ,:ile ! la/ ye>s ( ,smi?'s life 7 devot$ to adm9i/rative "w1 he f\nd "t = me*anical inv5tion z well4 ,9 #ahfb he pat5t$ a safety truck = locomotives1 & became presid5t ( a conc]n :i* controll$ ! mo/ important pat5ts = su* devices4#ac ,alba ,f4 ,smi? di$ on ,july #ba1 #ahgi1 9 ,norwi*1 ,connecticut4 ,illu/ration3 ,,union ,,works1 ,,s\? ,,bo/on1 ,,se? ,,wilm>?1 ,proprietor1 ,illu/ration ,,manufactur] ,,( ,,locomotives1 ,,/ation>y ,,/eam ,,eng9es ,,& ,,/eam ,,boil]s1 ,,( ,,! ,,v>i\s ,,sizes ,,requir$1 ,p>ts connect$ ) ,railroads1 includ+ ,frogs1 ,swit*es1 ,*airs & ,h& ,c>s4 ,,ma*9i/s' ,,tools1 ( all descriptions1 includ+ ,,turn+ ,,la!s1 ( sizes v>y+ f #f feet to #ej feet 9 l5g?1 & weigh+ f #ejj p\nds to #dj tons ea*2 ! latt] capable ( turn+ a :eel or pulley1 ?irty feet 9 diamet]4 ,,plan+ ,,ma*9es1 ,v>y+ f #b feet to #fj feet 9 l5g?1 & weigh+ f #bjj lbs4 to #gj tons ea*1 & w plane up to #ee feet long & #g feet squ>e4 ,bor+ ,mills1 ,v]tical & ,horizontal ,drills1 ,slott+ ,ma*9es1 ,pun*+ ,presses1 ,ge> & ,screw ,cutt+ ,ma*9es1 c4 c4 ,also1 ,mill ,ge>+ & ,%aft+4 ,,jobb+ ,,& ,,repairs1 & any k9d ( "w usually done 9 ,ma*9e ,%ops1 execut$ at %ort notice4 ,figure #ac4--;,,adv]tisem5t ,,( ,,se? ,,wilm>? appe>+ 9 ,bo/on city directory = #ahdh-ahdi4 ,se? ,wilm>? ,little is kn[n ( ! build] ( ! ,pione]1 ,se? ,wilm>?1 & no?+ 9 ! way ( a satisfactory hi/ory ( 8 bus9ess is available4 ,= ! read]'s g5]al int]e/ ! foll[+ in=mation is not$4#af ,se? ,wilm>? 0 born 9 ,brattleboro1 ,v]mont1 on ,septemb] #h1 #ahaj4 ,he is ?\ght to h le>n$ ! ma*9i/ trade 9 ,pawtucket1 ,rhode ,isl&1 be=e com+ to ,bo/on & work+ = ! ,bo/on ,locomotive ,works1 ,h9kley & ,drury proprietors4 ,9 ab\t #ahcf he op5$ a ma*9e %op &1 enc\rag$ by an exp&+ bus9ess1 9 #ahda he built a new %op 9 ,s\? ,bo/on :i* became kn[n z ! ,union ,works4#ag ,wilm>? 0 9 ! g5]al ma*9e bus9ess b 8 reputation 0 made 9 ! manufacture ( ma*9e tools1 notably la!s4 ,he is believ$ to h built 8 fir/ locomotive 9 #ahdb1 b locomotive build+ nev] became 8 ma9 l9e ( "w4 ,wilm>? patt]n$ 8 eng9es aft] ^? ( ,h9kley & und\bt$ly1 9 common ) ! o!r ,new ,engl& build]s ( ?is p]iod1 favor$ ! /eady-rid+1 inside-connection eng9es4 ,! ,%anghais1 s-call$ because ( _! great height1 built = ! ,bo/on & ,worce/] ,railroad by ,wilm>? 9 #ahdi1 7 among ! be/ kn[n inside-connection eng9es op]at$ 9 ?is c\ntry 7fig4 #ad74 ,:ile ! great] "p ( ,wilm>?'s eng9es 0 built = ,new ,engl& roads1 _m 7 con/ruct$ = l9es outside t area1 includ+ ! ,p5nsylvania ,railroad1 ,ohio & ,p5nsylvania ,railroad1 & ! ,erie4 ,a comp>ison ( ! surviv+ illu/rations ( ,h9kley & ,wilm>? eng9es ( ! #ahej's reveals a rem>kable simil>ity 9 _! details 7figs4 #ad & #ae74 ,notice p>ticul>ly ! /raight boil]1 rivet$ frame1 closely set truck :eels1 fe$wat] pump driv5 by a p9 on ! crank ( ! driv+ :eel1 & details ( ! dome cov]4 ,all ( ! features are duplicat$ exactly by bo? build]s4 ,?is is n surpris+ consid]+ ! proximity ( ! plants & ! fact t ,wilm>? _h be5 previ\sly employ$ by ,h9kley4 ,9 #ahed ,wilm>? 0 engag$ by ! ,new ,york & ,erie ,railroad to build fifty #f-;foot gauge eng9es4#ah ,aft] "w _h be5 />t$ on ^! eng9es1 & a l>ge /ore ( mat]ial _h be5 pur*as$ = _! con/ruction1 ,wilm>? 0 in=m$ t ! railroad c\ld n pay ca% b t he w\ld h to take notes 9 paym5t4#ai ,!re 0 at ?is "t a mild economic panic & notes c\ld be sold only at a heavy disc\nt4 ,?is crisis clos$ ! ,union ,works4 ,! next ye>1 #ahee1 ,se? ,wilm>? 0 appo9t$ ma/] me*anic ( ! ,*>le/[n ,navy ,y>d1 ,bo/on1 :]e he work$ = tw5ty ye>s4 ,he di$ 9 ,mald51 ,massa*usetts1 on ,novemb] #e1 #ahhf4 ,footnotes #a ,m9utes ( ! ,bo>d ( ,manag]s ( ! ,cumb]l& ,valley ,railroad4 ,?is book may be f\nd 9 ! (fice ( ! ,secret>y1 ,p5nsylvania ,railroad1 ,philadelphia1 ,pa41 ,june #be1 #ahea4 ,h]eaft] cit$ z ,m9utes ,c4,v4,r4,r4 #b ,ibid4 #c ,m9utes ,c4,v4,r4,r4 #d ,frankl9 ,repository 7,*amb]sburg1 ,pa471 ,augu/ #bf1 #aiji4 #e ,railroad ,advocate 7,decemb] #bi1 #ahee71 vol4 #b1 p4 #c4 #f ,c4 ,e4 ,,fi%]1 ,locomotives ( ! ,new ,hav5 ,railroad1 ,railway & ,locomotive ,hi/orical ,society ,bullet9 7,april #aich71 no4 #df1 p4 #dh4 #g ,m9utes ,c4,v4,r4,r4 #h ,ev5+ ,s5t9el 7,c>lisle1 ,pa471 ,octob] #bc1 #aija4 #i ,norwi* ,bullet9 7,norwi*1 ,conn471 ,july #bd1 #ahgi4 ,all data reg>d+ ,a4 ,f4 ,smi? is f ?is s\rce unless o!rwise not$4 #aj ,railway ,age 7,septemb] #ac1 #ahhi71 vol4 #ad1 no4 #cg4 ,page #fjj notes t ,tyl] work$ on ,c4,v4,r4,r4 #ahea-aheb2 ,smi?'s obitu>y 7footnote #i7 m5tions #ahdi z ! ye>2 & m9utes ( ,c4,v4,r4,r4 m5tion ,tyl] z e>ly z #ahej4 #aa ,m9utes ,c4,v4,r4,r4 #ab ,a4 ,f4 ,,holley1 ,am]ican & ,european ,railway ,practice 7,new ,york3 #ahfa74 ,an illu/ration ( ,smi?'s sup]heat] is %[n on plate #eh1 figure #ac4 #ac ,,john ,h4 ,,:ite1 ,introduction ( ! ,locomotive ,safety ,truck1 7,pap] #bd1 #aifa1 9 ,contributions f ! ,museum ( ,hi/ory & ,te*nology3 ,pap]s #ai-cj1 ,u4,s4 ,national ,museum ,bullet9 #bbh2 ,wa%+ton3 ,smi?sonian ,in/itution1 #aifc71 p4 #aag4 #ad ,annual ,report1 ,c4,v4,r4,r41 #ahec4 #ae ,,z]ah ,,colburn1 ,rec5t ,practice 9 ,locomotive ,eng9es 7#ahfj71 p4 #ga4 #af ,railroad ,gazette 7,septemb] #bg1 #aijg71 vol4 #dc1 no4 #ac1 pp4 #ceg-cfj4 ,^! notes on ,wilm>? locomotives by ,c4 ,h4 ,c>u!rs 7 pr9t$ ) sev]al errors conc]n+ ! locomotives ( ! ,cumb]l& ,valley ,railroad & prompt$ ! prep>ation ( ^! pres5t rem>ks on ! hi/ory ( ,wilm>?'s activities4 ,note t on page #cei x is report$ t only "o comp5sat+-lev] eng9e 0 built = ! ,c4,v4,r4,r4 9 #ahed1 & n two su* eng9es 9 #aheb4 ,! ,pione] is incorrectly id5tifi$ z a ,%anghai1 & z be+ "o ( ?ree su* eng9es built 9 #ahga by ,wilm>?4 #ag ,! au?or is indebt$ to ,?omas ,norrell = ^! & _m ( ! o!r facts relat+ to ,wilm>?'s ,union ,works4 #ah ,railroad ,gazette 7,octob] #aijg71 vol4 #dc1 p4 #chb4 #ai ,bo/on ,daily ,ev5+ ,telegraph 7,bo/on1 ,mass471 ,augu/ #aa1 #ahed4 ,! article /at$ t "o eng9e a week 0 built & t #aj eng9es 7 already complet$ = ! ,erie4 ,con/ruction _h />t$ on #cj o!rs4 #bj ,! re/oration "w has be5 ably h&l$ by ,john ,/9e ( ! ,museum /aff4 ,re/oration />t$ 9 ,octob] #aifa4 #ba ,s4 ,h4 ,,oliv]1 ,! ,fir/ ,qu>t] ,c5tury ( ! ,/eam ,locomotive 9 ,am]ica 7,u4,s4 ,national ,museum ,bullet9 #baj2 ,wa%+ton3 ,smi?sonian ,in/itution1 #aief71 pp4 #ch-df4 ,u4,s4 ,,gov]nm5t ,,pr9t+ ,,(fice3 #aifd ,= sale by ! ,sup]9t5d5t ( ,docum5ts1 ,u4,s4 ,gov]nm5t ,pr9t+ ,(fice ,wa%+ton1 ,d4,c41 #bjdjb--,price #cj c5ts4 ,index ,adams1 ,w4 ,b41 #beb ,baldw91 ,mat?ias ,william1 #bfd ,bo/on ,locomotive ,works1 #bfj ,colburn1 ,z]ah1 #bei ,dan=? ,cooke ,co41 #beb ,drury1 ,g>dn] ,p41 #bfj ,ea/wick1 ,&rew ,m41 #bei ,h>rison1 ,joseph1 ,jr41 #bei ,h9kley1 ,holmes1 #beb1 #bfj1 #bfc ,hull1 ,a4 ,s41 #bea1 #bfh ,smi?1 ,alba ,f41 #bdd1 #bdf1 #bdg1 #bei ,/eph5son1 ,rob]t1 ,haw?orns1 ,ltd41 #bec ,/u>t1 ,j4 ,e4 ,b41 #bdi ,taunton ,locomotive ,works1 #bdg ,tyl]1 ,daniel1 #bdd1 #bec ,union ,works1 #bfj ,vulcan ,f\ndry1 #beb ,watts1 ,fr$]ick1 #bdi