,,! ,,city ,,( ,,! ,,sun    ,by ,tommaso
 ,campanella          ,a ,poetical      
,dialogue betwe5 a ,gr&ma/] ( ! ,knights
 ,hospitall]s  & a ,g5oese ,sea-,capta91
 8 gue/4      ,g4,m4 ,pri!e1 n[1 tell me
 :at happ5$ to y dur+ t voyage8         
,capt4 ,i h already told y h[ ,i w&]$   
ov] ! :ole e>?4 ,9  ! c\rse ( my j\rney+
 ,i came to ,taprobane1 & 0 compell$ to 
g  a%ore at a place1 :]e ?r\gh fe> ( !  
inhabitants ,i rema9$ 9  a wood4 ,:5 ,i 
/epp$ out ( ?is ,i f\nd myself on a l>ge
 pla9  imm$iately "u ! equator4         
,g4,m4 ,& :at befell y "h8      ,capt4  
,i came ^u a l>ge cr[d ( m5 & arm$ wom51
 _m ( :om did  n und]/& our language1 & 
!y conduct$ me =?) to ! ,city  ( ! ,sun4
      ,g4,m4 ,tell me aft] :at plan ?is 
city is built & h[ x is gov]n$4         
,capt4 ,! great] "p ( ! city is built ^u
 a high hill1 :i*  rises f an ext5sive  
pla91 b sev]al ( its circles ext5d =  "s
 di/ance beyond ! base ( ! hill1 :i* is 
( su* a size  t ! diamet] ( ! city is   
upw>d ( two miles1 s t its  circumf]5ce 

becomes ab\t sev54 ,on acc\nt ( ! hump$ 
%ape ( !  m\nta91 h[ev]1 ! diamet] ( !  
city is really m ?an if x  7 built on a 
pla94    ,x is divid$ into sev5 r+s or  
huge circles nam$ f ! sev5  planets1 & !
 way f "o to ! o!r ( ^! is by f\r /reets
  & ?r\gh f\r gates1 t look t[>d ! f\r  
po9ts ( ! compass4  ,fur!rmore1 x is s  
built t if ! fir/ circle 7 /orm$1 x     
w\ld ( necessity entail a d\ble am\nt ( 
en]gy to /orm ! second2  /ill m to /orm 
! ?ird2 & 9 ea* succe$+ case ! /r5g?  & 
en]gy w\ld h to be d\bl$2 s t he :o     
wi%es to capture  t city mu/1 z x 71    
/orm x sev5 times4 ,= my own "p1  h[ev]1
 ,i ?9k t n ev5 ! fir/ wall c\ld be     
occupi$1 s  ?ick are ! e>?works & s well
 =tifi$ is x ) brea/works1  t[]s1 guns1 
& dit*es4    ,:5 ,i _h be5 tak5 ?r\gh ! 
nor!rn gate 7:i* is %ut ) an  iron door 
s wr\ght t x c be rais$ & let d[n1 &    
lock$ 9  easily & /rongly1 its          
projections runn+ into ! grooves (  !   
?ick po/s by a m>vell\s device71 ,i saw 
a level space sev5ty  paces 7#a7 wide   

betwe5 ! fir/ & second walls4 ,f h5ce c 
be se5  l>ge palaces1 all jo9$ to ! wall
 ( ! second circuit 9 su*  a mann] z to 
appe> all "o palace4 ,ar*es run on a    
level ) !  middle height ( ! palaces1 & 
are cont9u$ r\nd ! :ole r+4  ,!re are   
gall]ies = prom5ad+ ^u ^! ar*es1 :i* are
  support$ f b5ea? by ?ick & well-%ap$  
columns1 enclos+  arcades l p]i/yles1 or
 cloi/]s ( an abbey4    ,b ! palaces h  
no entrances f bel[1 except on ! inn] or
  concave p>tition1 f :i* "o ent]s      
directly to ! l[] p>ts  ( ! build+4 ,!  
high] p>ts1 h[ev]1 are rea*$ by flights 
(  m>ble /eps1 :i* lead to gall]ies =   
prom5ad+ on ! inside  simil> to ^? on ! 
outside4 ,f ^! "o ent]s ! high] rooms1  
:i* are v beautiful1 & h w9d[s on !     
concave & convex  p>titions4 ,^! rooms  
are divid$ f "o ano!r by ri*ly decorat$ 
walls4 ,! convex or out] wall ( ! r+ is 
ab\t eight spans ?ick2  ! concave1 ?ree2
 ! int]m$iate walls are "o1 or p]haps "o
 & a  half4 ,leav+ ?is circle "o gets to
 ! second pla91 :i* is ne>ly  ?ree paces

 n>r[] ?an ! fir/4 ,!n ! fir/ wall ( !  
second  r+ is se5 adorn$ above & bel[ ) 
simil> gall]ies = walk+1  & !re is on ! 
inside ( x ano!r int]ior wall enclos+   
palaces4 ,x has also simil> p]i/yles    
support$ by columns 9 !  l[] "p1 b above
 are excell5t pictures1 r\nd ! ways into
 !  upp] h\ses4 ,& s on aft]w>d ?r\gh   
simil> spaces & d\ble  walls1 enclos+   
palaces1 & adorn$ ) gall]ies = walk+1   
ext5d+ along _! out] side1 & support$ by
 columns1 till !  la/ circuit is rea*$1 
! way be+ /ill ov] a level pla94    ,b  
:5 ! two gates1 t is to say1 ^? ( !     
outmo/ & !  inmo/ walls1 h be5 pass$1 "o
 m\nts by means ( /eps s =m$  t an asc5t
 is sc>cely disc]nible1 s9ce x proce$s 9
 a slant+  direction1 & ! /eps succe$ "o
 ano!r at almo/ imp]ceptible  heights4  
,on ! top ( ! hill is a r spaci\s pla91 
& 9 !  mid/ ( ?is !re rises a temple    
built ) wondr\s art4      ,g4,m4 ,tell  
on1 ,i pray y6 ,tell on6 ,i am dy+ to   
he> m4      ,capt4 ,! temple is built 9 
! =m ( a circle2 x is n girt )  walls1 b

 /&s ^u ?ick columns1 beautifully gr\p$4
 ,a v l>ge  dome1 built ) great c>e 9 ! 
c5tre or pole1 conta9s ano!r  small     
vault z x 7 ris+ out ( x1 & 9 ?is is a  
spiracle1  :i* is "r ov] ! alt>4 ,!re is
 b "o alt> 9 ! middle (  ! temple1 & ?is
 is h$g$ r\nd by columns4 ,! temple     
itself is on  a space ( m ?an #cej      
paces4 ,)\t x1 ar*es measur+ ab\t eight 
paces ext5d f ! heads ( ! columns       
outw>d1 :5ce o!r columns  rise ab\t ?ree
 paces f ! ?ick1 /rong1 & erect wall4   
,betwe5  ^! & ! =m] columns !re are     
gall]ies = walk+1 )  beautiful pavem5ts1
 & 9 ! recess ( ! wall1 :i* is adorn$  )
 num]\s l>ge doors1 !re are immovable   
seats1 plac$ z x 7  betwe5 ! inside     
columns1 support+ ! temple4 ,portable   
*airs are  n want+1 _m & well adorn$4   
,no?+ is se5 ov] ! alt> b  a l>ge globe1
 ^u :i* ! heav5ly bodies are pa9t$1 &   
ano!r  globe ^u :i* !re is a            
repres5tation ( ! e>?4 ,fur!rmore1 9  ! 
vault ( ! dome !re c be disc]n$         
repres5tations ( all !  />s ( heav5 f ! 

fir/ to ! six? magnitude1 ) _! prop]    
names & p[] to influ5ce t]re/rial ?+s   
m>k$ 9 ?ree little  v]ses = ea*4 ,!re   
are ! poles & great] & less] circles    
accord+ to ! "r latitude ( ! place1 b ^!
 are n p]fect  because !re is no wall   
bel[4 ,!y seem1 too1 to be made 9 _!    
relation to ! globes on ! alt>4 ,!      
pavem5t ( ! temple is  bright ) preci\s 
/ones4 ,its sev5 gold5 lamps hang always
 burn+1  & ^! be> ! names ( ! sev5      
planets4    ,at ! top ( ! build+ sev]al 
small & beautiful cells surr\nd  ! small
 dome1 & beh9d ! level space above ! b&s
 or ar*es (  ! ext]ior & int]ior columns
 !re are _m cells1 bo? small &  l>ge1   
:]e ! prie/s & religi\s (fic]s dwell to 
! numb] (  =ty-n9e4    ,a revolv+ flag  
projects f ! small] dome1 & ?is %[s 9   
:at  qu>t] ! w9d is4 ,! flag is m>k$ )  
figures up to ?irty-six1  & ! prie/s "k 
:at sort ( ye> ! diff]5t k9ds ( w9ds    
br+ & :at w be ! *anges ( wea!r on l& & 
sea4  ,fur!rmore1 "u ! flag a book is   
always kept writt5 ) lett]s  ( gold4    

,g4,m4 ,i pray y1 wor?y h]o1 expla9 to  
me _! :ole sy/em (  gov]nm5t2 = ,i am   
anxi\s to he> x4      ,capt4 ,! great   
rul] among !m is a prie/ :om !y call by 
!  "n ,hoh1 ?\gh we %\ld call him       
,metaphysic4 ,he is head ov] all1  9    
temporal & spiritual matt]s1 & all      
bus9ess & lawsuits  are settl$ by him1 z
 ! supreme au?ority4 ,?ree pr9ces (     
equal  p[]--viz41 ,pon1 ,s91 &          
,mor--assi/ him1 & ^! 9 our tongue we   
%\ld call ,p[]1 ,wisdom1 & ,love4 ,to   
,p[] belongs ! c>e ( all  matt]s relat+ 
to w> & peace4 ,he att5ds to ! milit>y  
arts1 &1  next to ,hoh1 he is rul] 9 e  
affair ( a w>like nature4 ,he gov]ns  ! 
milit>y magi/rates & ! soldi]s1 & has ! 
managem5t ( !  munitions1 !             
=tifications1 ! /orm+ ( places1 !       
implem5ts (  w>1 ! armories1 ! smi?s &  
workm5 connect$ ) matt]s ( ?is  sort4   
,b ,wisdom is ! rul] ( ! lib]al arts1 ( 
me*anics1 ( all  sci5ces ) _! magi/rates
 & doctors1 & ( ! discipl9e (  ! s*ools4
 ,z _m doctors z !re are1 are "u 8      

control4 ,!re  is "o doctor :o is call$ 
,a/rologus2 a second1 ,cosmographus2 a  
?ird1  ,ari?meticus2 a f\r?1 ,geometra2 
a fif?1 ,hi/oriographus2 a six?1        
,poeta2 a sev5?1 ,logicus2 an eigh?1    
,rhetor2 a n9?1 ,grammaticus2  a t5?1   
,m$icus2 an elev5?1 ,physiologus2 a     
twelf?1 ,politicus2 a  ?irte5?1         
,moralis4 ,!y h b "o book1 :i* !y call  
,wisdom1  & 9 x all ! sci5ces are writt5
 ) concis5ess & m>vell\s  flu5cy (      
expression4 ,?is !y read to ! p aft] !  
cu/om (  ! ,py?agoreans4 ,x is ,wisdom  
:o causes ! ext]ior & int]ior1  ! high] 
& l[] walls ( ! city to be adorn$ ) !   
f9e/  pictures1 & to h all ! sci5ces    
pa9t$ ^u !m 9 an admirable  mann]4 ,on !
 walls ( ! temple & on ! dome1 :i* is   
let d[n  :5 ! prie/ gives an address1   
le/ ! s\nds ( 8 voice1 be+  scatt]$1    
%\ld fly away f 8 audi5ce1 !re are      
pictures (  />s 9 _! diff]5t magnitudes1
 ) ! p[]s & motions (  ea*1 express$    
sep>ately 9 ?ree little v]ses4    ,on ! 
int]ior wall ( ! fir/ circuit all !     

ma!matical figures  are conspicu\sly    
pa9t$--figures m 9 numb] ?an ,ar*im$es  
or  ,euclid discov]$1 m>k$              
symmetrically1 & ) ! explanation (  !m  
neatly writt5 & conta9$ ea* 9 a little  
v]se4 ,!re are  def9itions &            
propositions1 etc4 ,on ! ext]ior convex 
wall is fir/  an imm5se draw+ ( ! :ole  
e>?1 giv5 at "o view4 ,foll[+ ^u  ?is1  
!re are tablets sett+ =? = e sep>ate    
c\ntry !  cu/oms bo? public & private1 !
 laws1 ! orig9s & ! p[] (  !            
inhabitants2 & ! alphabets ! diff]5t p  
use c be se5  above t ( ! ,city ( !     
,sun4    ,on ! inside ( ! second        
circuit1 t is to say ( ! second r+  (   
build+s1 pa9t+s ( all k9ds ( preci\s &  
common /ones1 (  m9]als & metals1 are   
se52 & a little piece ( ! metal itself  
is also !re ) an apposite explanation 9 
two small v]ses = ea*  metal or /one4   
,on ! outside are m>k$ all ! seas1      
riv]s1 lakes1  & /reams :i* are on !    
face ( ! e>?2 z are also ! w9es  & !    
oils & ! diff]5t liquids1 ) ! s\rces f  

:i* !  la/ are extract$1 _! qualities & 
/r5g?4 ,!re are also vessels  built into
 ! wall above ! ar*es1 & ^! are full (  
liquids f  "o to #cjj ye>s old1 :i* cure
 all diseases4 ,hail & sn[1 /orms &     
?und]1 & :atev] else takes place 9 !    
air1 are repres5t$ )  suitable figures &
 little v]ses4 ,! inhabitants ev5 h !   
art  ( repres5t+ 9 /one all ! ph5om5a ( 
! air1 su* z ! w9d1  ra91 ?und]1 !      
ra9b[1 etc4    ,on ! int]ior ( ! ?ird   
circuit all ! diff]5t families ( trees  
& h]bs are depict$1 & !re is a live     
specim5 ( ea* plant 9  e>!nw>e vessels  
plac$ ^u ! out] p>tition ( ! ar*es4 ,)  
! specim5s !re are explanations z to :]e
 !y 7 fir/ f\nd1  :at are _! p[]s &     
natures1 & resemblances to cele/ial ?+s 
& to metals1 to p>ts ( ! human body & to
 ?+s 9 ! sea1 &  also z to _! uses 9    
m$ic9e1 etc4 ,on ! ext]ior wall are all 
! races ( fi% f\nd 9 riv]s1 lakes1 &    
seas1 & _! habits  & values1 & ways (   
bre$+1 tra9+1 & liv+1 ! purposes  = :i* 
!y exi/ 9 ! _w1 & _! uses to man4       

,fur!r1  _! resemblances to cele/ial &  
t]re/rial ?+s1 produc$ bo?  by nature & 
art1 are s giv5 t ,i 0 a/oni%$ :5 ,i saw
 a fi%  :i* 0 l a bi%op1 "o l a *a91    
ano!r l a g>m5t1 a  f\r? l a nail1 a    
fif? l a />1 & o!rs l images ( ^?  ?+s  
exi/+ among u1 ! relation 9 ea* case be+
 completely  manife/4 ,!re are sea-ur*9s
 to be se51 & ! purple %ell-fi%  &      
mussels2 & :atev] ! wat]y _w possesses  
wor?y ( be+  kn[n is !re fully %[n 9    
m>vell\s *>act]s ( pa9t+ &  draw+4      
,on ! f\r? int]ior wall all ! diff]5t   
k9ds ( birds are  pa9t$1 ) _! natures1  
sizes1 cu/oms1 colors1 mann] ( liv+1    
etc42 & ! only real pho5ix is possess$  
by ! inhabitants (  ?is city4 ,on !     
ext]ior are %[n all ! races ( creep+    
animals1  s]p5ts1 dragons1 & worms2 !   
insects1 ! flies1 gnats1 beetles1  etc41
 9 _! diff]5t /ates1 /r5g?1 v5oms1 &    
uses1 & a great  deal m ?an y or ,i c   
?9k (4    ,on ! fif? int]ior !y h all ! 
l>g] animals ( ! e>?1 z  _m 9 numb] z   
w\ld a/oni% y4 ,we inde$ "k n ! ?\s&?   

"p ( !m1 = on ! ext]ior wall also a     
great _m ( imm5se size  are also        
portray$4 ,to be sure1 ( horses alone1  
h[ great a numb]  ( bre$s !re is & h[   
beautiful are ! =ms !re clev]ly         
display$6    ,on ! six? int]ior are     
pa9t$ all ! me*anical arts1 ) !  sev]al 
in/rum5ts = ea* & _! mann] ( use among  
diff]5t  nations4 ,alongside1 ! dignity 
( su* is plac$1 & _! sev]al  inv5tors   
are nam$4 ,b on ! ext]ior all ! inv5tors
 9 sci5ce1  9 w>f>e1 & 9 law are        
repres5t$4 ,!re ,i saw ,moses1 ,osiris1 
,jupit]1 ,m]cury1 ,lycurgus1 ,pompilius1
 ,py?agoras1 ,zamolxis1 ,solon1         
,*>ondas1 ,phoroneus1 ) v _m o!rs4 ,!y  
ev5 h ,mahomet1  :om nev]!less !y hate z
 a false & sordid legislator4 ,9 !  mo/ 
dignifi$ position ,i saw a repres5tation
 ( ,jesus ,*ri/ &  ( ! twelve ,apo/les1 
:om !y consid] v wor?y & hold to be     
great4 ,( ! repres5tations ( m51 ,i     
p]ceiv$ ,caes>1 ,alex&]1  ,pyrrhus1 &   
,hannibal 9 ! highe/ place2 & o!r v     
r5[n$  h]oes 9 peace & w>1 especially   

,roman h]oes1 7 pa9t$ 9 l[]  positions1 
"u ! gall]ies4 ,& :5 ,i ask$ ) a/oni%m5t
  :5ce !y _h obta9$ our hi/ory1 !y told 
me t among !m  !re 0 a k ( all          
languages1 & t by p]sev]ance !y         
cont9ually s5d explor]s & ambassadors   
ov] ! :ole e>?1 :o  le>n ?or\ghly !     
cu/oms1 =ces1 rule & hi/ories ( !       
nations1  bad & good alike4 ,^! !y apply
 all to _! own republic1 & )  ?is !y are
 well pleas$4 ,i le>n$ t cannon &       
typography 7  inv5t$ by ! ,*9ese be=e we
 knew ( !m4 ,!re are magi/rates  :o     
ann\nce ! mean+ ( ! pictures1 & boys are
 accu/om$ to  le>n all ! sci5ces1 )\t   
toil & z if = pleasure2 b 9 !  way (    
hi/ory only until !y are t5 ye>s old4   
,love is =emo/ 9 att5d+ to ! *>ge ( !   
race4 ,he sees t  m5 & wom5 are s jo9$  
toge!r1 t !y br+ =? ! be/  (fspr+4      
,inde$1 !y laugh at u :o exhibit a      
/udi\s c>e = our  bre$ ( horses & dogs1 
b neglect ! bre$+ ( human be+s4 ,?us  ! 
education ( ! *ildr5 is "u 8 rule4 ,s   
also is ! m$ic9e  t is sold1 ! s[+ &    

collect+ ( fruits ( ! e>? & (  trees1   
agriculture1 pa/urage1 ! prep>ations = !
 mon?s1 !  cook+ arrangem5ts1 & :atev]  
has any ref]5ce to food1 clo?+1  & !    
int]c\rse ( ! sexes4 ,love himself is   
rul]1 b !re are  _m male & female       
magi/rates d$icat$ to ^! arts4          
,metaphysic1 !n1 ) ^! ?ree rul]s1       
manages all ! above-nam$  matt]s1 & ev5 
by himself alone no?+ is done2 all      
bus9ess is  dis*>g$ by ! f\r toge!r1 b 9
 :atev] ,metaphysic incl9es to  ! re/   
are sure to agree4      ,g4,m4 ,tell me1
 please1 ( ! magi/rates1 _! s]vices &   
duties1 (  ! education & mode ( liv+1   
:e!r ! gov]nm5t is a mon>*y1  a         
republic1 or an ari/ocracy4      ,capt4 
,?is race ( m5 came !re f ,india1 fly+ f
 ! sword (  ! ,magi1 a race ( plund]]s &
 tyrants :o laid wa/e _! c\ntry1  & !y  
det]m9$ to lead a philosophic life 9    
fell[%ip ) "o  ano!r4 ,al?\gh !         
community ( wives is n in/itut$ among ! 
o!r inhabitants ( _! prov9ce1 among !m x
 is 9 use aft] ?is  mann]3 ,all ?+s are 

common ) !m1 & _! disp5sation is by  !  
au?ority ( ! magi/rates4 ,arts & honors 
& pleasures are  common1 & are held 9   
su* a mann] t no "o c appropriate  any?+
 to himself4    ,!y say t all private   
prop]ty is acquir$ & improv$ = !  reason
 t ea* "o ( u by himself has 8 own home 
& wife &  *ildr54 ,f ?is1 self-love     
spr+s4 ,= :5 we raise a son to  ri*es & 
dignities1 & leave an heir to mu* weal?1
 we become ei!r  ready to grasp at !    
prop]ty ( ! ,/ate1 if 9 any case fe>    
%\ld be remov$ f ! p[] :i* belongs to   
ri*es & rank2 or  av>ici\s1 crafty1 &   
hypocritical1 if anyone is ( sl5d]      
purse1  little /r5g?1 & mean ance/ry4 ,b
 :5 we h tak5 away  self-love1 !re      
rema9s only love = ! ,/ate4      ,g4,m4 
,"u su* circum/ances no "o w be will+ to
 labor1 :ile  he expects o!rs to "w1 on 
! fruit ( ^: labors he c live1 z        
,ari/otle argues aga9/ ,plato4          
,capt4 ,i d n "k h[ to deal ) t argum5t1
 b ,i decl>e to  y t !y burn ) s great a
 love = _! fa!rl&1 z ,i c\ld  sc>cely h 

believ$ possible2 & inde$ ) mu* m ?an ! 
hi/ories tell u belong$ to ! ,romans1 :o
 fell will+ly = _!  c\ntry1 inasmu* z !y
 h to a great] ext5t surr5d]$ _!        
private prop]ty4 ,i ?9k truly t ! fri>s 
& monks & cl]gy  ( our c\ntry1 if !y 7 n
 weak5$ by love = _! k9dr$ &  fri5ds or 
by ! ambition to rise to high]          
dignities1 w\ld be less  fond ( prop]ty1
 & m imbu$ ) a _s ( *>ity t[>d all1  z x
 0 9 ! "t ( ! apo/les1 & is n[ 9 a great
 _m cases4      ,g4,m4 ,/4 ,augu/9e may 
say t1 b ,i say t among ?is race (  m51 
fri5d%ip is wor? no?+1 s9ce !y h n !    
*ance (  conf]r+ mutual b5efits on "o   
ano!r4      ,capt4 ,nay1 inde$4 ,= x is 
wor? ! tr\ble to see t no "o  c receive 
gifts f ano!r4 ,:atev] is necess>y !y h1
 !y  receive x f ! community1 & !       
magi/rate takes c>e t no  "o receives m 
?an he des]ves4 ,yet no?+ necess>y is   
d5i$ to  anyone4 ,fri5d%ip is recogniz$ 
among !m 9 w>1 9 infirmity1 9 !  art    
conte/s1 by :i* means !y aid "o ano!r   
mutually by  tea*+4 ,sometimes !y       

improve !mselves mutually ) praises1 )  
conv]sation1 ) actions1 & out ( ! ?+s !y
 ne$4 ,all ^?  ( ! same age call "o     
ano!r bro!rs4 ,!y call all ov] tw5ty-two
  ye>s ( age1 fa!rs2 ^? t are less ?an  
tw5ty-two are nam$  sons4 ,moreov]1 !   
magi/rates gov]n well1 s t no "o 9 !    
frat]nity c d injury to ano!r4          
,g4,m4 ,& h[8      ,capt4 ,z _m names ( 
virtues z !re are among u1 s _m         
magi/rates !re are among !m4 ,!re is a  
magi/rate :o is nam$  ,magnanimity1     
ano!r ,=titude1 a ?ird ,*a/ity1 a f\r?  
,lib]ality1  a fif? ,crim9al & ,civil   
,ju/ice1 a six? ,com=t1 a sev5? ,tru?1  
an  eigh? ,k9dness1 a t5? ,gratitude1 an
 elev5? ,*e]fulness1 a twelf?  ,ex]cise1
 a ?irte5? ,sobriety1 etc4 ,!y are      
elect$ to duties ( t  k9d1 ea* "o to t  
duty = excell5ce 9 :i* he is kn[n f     
boyhood to be mo/ suitable4 ,:]e=e among
 !m nei!r robb]y nor  clev] murd]s1 nor 
lewdness1 ince/1 adult]y1 or o!r crimes 
(  :i* we accuse "o ano!r1 c be f\nd4   
,!y accuse !mselves (  +ratitude &      

malignity :5 anyone d5ies a lawful      
satisfaction to  ano!r ( indol5ce1 (    
sadness1 ( ang]1 ( scurrility1 ( sl&]1  
& ( ly+1 :i* curseful ?+ !y ?or\ghly    
hate4 ,accus$ p]sons  und]go+ puni%m5t  
are depriv$ ( ! common table1 & o!r     
honors1 until ! judge ?9ks t !y agree ) 
_! correction4      ,g4,m4 ,tell me !   
mann] 9 :i* ! magi/rates are *os54      
,capt4 ,y w\ld n rightly und]/& ?is1    
unless y fir/ le>n$  _! mann] ( liv+4 ,t
 y may "k1 !n1 m5 & wom5 we> !  same k9d
 ( g>m5t1 suit$ = w>4 ,! wom5 we> ! toga
 bel[ !  knee1 b ! m5 above2 & bo? sexes
 are in/ruct$ 9 all ! arts  toge!r4 ,:5 
?is has be5 done z a />t1 & be=e _! ?ird
  ye>1 ! boys le>n ! language & !       
alphabet on ! walls by  walk+ r\nd !m4  
,!y h f\r lead]s1 & f\r eld]s1 ! fir/   
to direct !m1 ! second to tea* !m1 & ^! 
are m5 approv$  beyond all o!rs4 ,aft]  
"s "t !y ex]cise !mselves )  gymna/ics1 
runn+1 quoits1 & o!r games1 by means (  
:i* all  _! muscles are /r5g!n$ alike4  
,_! feet are always b>e1 & s  are _!    

heads z f> z ! sev5? r+4 ,aft]w>d !y    
lead !m to  ! (fices ( ! trades1 su* z  
%oemak+1 cook+1 metal-work+1  c>p5try1  
pa9t+1 etc4 ,9 ord] to f9d out ! b5t ( !
 g5ius (  ea* "o1 aft] _! sev5? ye>1 :5 
!y h already gone ?r\gh  ! ma!matics on 
! walls1 !y take !m to ! read+s ( all ! 
sci5ces2 !re are f\r lectures at ea*    
read+1 & 9 ! c\rse (  f\r h\rs ! f\r 9  
_! ord] expla9 ev]y?+4    ,= "s take    
physical ex]cise or busy !mselves )     
public s]vices  or functions1 o!rs apply
 !mselves to read+4 ,leav+ ^! /udies    
all are devot$ to ! m ab/ruse subjects1 
to ma!matics1 to  m$ic9e1 & to o!r      
sci5ces4 ,!re are cont9ual debate &     
/udi$  argum5t among !m1 & aft] a "t !y 
become magi/rates ( ^?  sci5ces or      
me*anical arts 9 :i* !y are ! mo/       
pr(ici5t2 =  ev]yone foll[s ! op9ion ( 8
 lead] & judge1 & goes out to  ! pla9s  
to ! works ( ! field1 & = ! purpose (   
becom+  acqua9t$ ) ! pa/urage ( ! dumb  
animals4 ,& !y consid] him  ! m noble & 
r5[n$ :o has d$icat$ himself to ! /udy (

  ! mo/ arts & kn[s h[ to practise !m   
wisely4 ,:]e=e !y  laugh at u 9 t we    
consid] our workm5 ignoble1 & hold ^? to
  be noble :o h ma/]$ no pursuit1 b live
 9 ease & are s _m  slaves giv5 ov] to  
_! own pleasure & lascivi\sness2 & ?us1 
z  x 71 f a s*ool ( vices s _m idle &   
wick$ fell[s g =?  = ! ru9 ( ! ,/ate4   
,! re/ ( ! (ficials1 h[ev]1 are *os5 by 
! f\r *iefs1 ,hoh1  ,pon1 ,s9 & ,mor1 & 
by ! tea*]s ( t art ov] :i* !y are  fit 
to preside4 ,& ^! tea*]s "k well :o is  
mo/ suit$ =  rule4 ,c]ta9 m5 are propos$
 by ! magi/rates 9 c\ncil1 !y  !mselves 
n seek+ to become c&idates1 & he opposes
 :o kn[s  any?+ aga9/ ^? br\ght =w>d =  
election1 or1 if n1 speaks  9 favor (   
!m4 ,b no "o atta9s to ! dignity ( ,hoh 
except him  :o kn[s ! hi/ories ( !      
nations1 & _! cu/oms & sacrifices  &    
laws1 & _! =m ( gov]nm5t1 :e!r a        
republic or a  mon>*y4 ,he mu/ also "k !
 names ( ! lawgiv]s & ! inv5tors  9     
sci5ce1 & ! laws & ! hi/ory ( ! e>? & ! 
heav5ly  bodies4 ,!y ?9k x also necess>y

 t he %\ld und]/& all  ! me*anical arts1
 ! physical sci5ces1 a/rology &         
ma!matics4  ,ne>ly e two days !y tea*   
our me*anical art4 ,!y are n  all[$ to  
ov]work !mselves1 b frequ5t practice & !
 pa9t+s  r5d] le>n+ easy to !m4 ,n too  
mu* c>e is giv5 to !  cultivation (     
languages1 z !y h a goodly numb] (      
int]pret]s  :o are gramm>ians 9 ! ,/ate4
 ,b beyond ev]y?+ else x is  necess>y t 
,hoh %\ld und]/& metaphysics & !ology2 t
 he  %\ld "k ?or\ghly ! d]ivations1     
f\ndations1 & demon/rations  ( all !    
arts & sci5ces2 ! lik5ess & diff]5ce (  
?+s2  necessity1 fate1 & ! h>monies ( ! 
univ]se2 p[]1 wisdom1  & ! love ( ?+s & 
( ,god2 ! /ages ( life & its symbols2   
ev]y?+ relat+ to ! heav5s1 ! e>?1 & !   
sea2 & !  ideas ( ,god1 z mu* z mortal  
man c "k ( him4 ,he mu/ also be  well   
read 9 ! prophets & 9 a/rology4 ,& ?us  
!y "k long  be=eh& :o w be ,hoh4 ,he is 
n *os5 to s great a dignity  unless he  
has atta9$ 8 ?irty-fif? ye>4 ,& ?is     
(fice is  p]petual1 because x is n kn[n 

:o may be too wise = x or :o too  skill$
 9 rul+4      ,g4,m4 ,:o inde$ c be s   
wise8 ,if ev5 anyone has a k ( !        
sci5ces x seems t he mu/ be unskill$ 9  
rul+4      ,capt4 ,?is v "q ,i ask$ !m &
 !y repli$ ?us3 ,we1  inde$1 are m c]ta9
 t su* a v le>n$ man has ! k  ( gov]n+1 
?an y :o place ignorant p]sons 9        
au?ority1 &  consid] !m suitable m]ely  
because !y h sprung f rul]s or  h be5   
*os5 by a p[]ful faction4 ,b our ,hoh1 a
 man really !  mo/ capable to rule1 is =
 all t nev] cruel nor wick$1 nor a      
tyrant1 inasmu* z he possesses s mu*    
wisdom4 ,?is1 moreov]1 is n  unkn[n to  
y1 t ! same argum5t _c apply among y1 :5
 y  consid] t man ! mo/ le>n$ :o kn[s   
mo/ ( gramm>1 or logic1  or ( ,ari/otle 
or any o!r au?or4 ,= su* k z ?is (  y\rs
 mu* s]vile labor & memory "w are       
requir$1 s t a man is  r5d]$ unskilful1 
s9ce he has contemplat$ no?+ b ! words (
  books & has giv5 8 m9d ) useless      
result to ! consid]ation (  ! dead signs
 ( ?+s4 ,h5ce he kn[s n 9 :at way ,god  

rules !  univ]se1 nor ! ways & cu/oms ( 
nature & ! nations4 ,:]e=e  he is n     
equal to our ,hoh4 ,= t "o _c "k s _m   
arts &  sci5ces ?or\ghly1 :o is n e/eem$
 = skill$ +5uity1 v apt  at all ?+s1 &  
!re=e at rul+ especially4 ,?is also is  
pla9 to  u t he :o kn[s only "o sci5ce1 
does n really "k ei!r  t or ! o!rs1 & he
 :o is suit$ = only "o sci5ce & has     
ga!r$ 8 k f books1 is unle>n$ &         
unskill$4 ,b ?is  is n ! case )         
intellects prompt & exp]t 9 e bran* (  k
 & suitable = ! consid]ation ( natural  
objects1 z x  is necess>y t our ,hoh    
%\ld be4 ,besides 9 our ,/ate ! sci5ces 
are taught ) a facility 7z y h se57 by  
:i* m s*ol>s are  turn$ out by u 9 "o   
ye> ?an by y 9 t51 or ev5 fifte54 ,make 
trial1 ,i pray y1 ( ^! boys4    ,9 ?is  
matt] ,i 0 /ruck ) a/oni%m5t at _!      
tru?ful  disc\rse & at ! trial ( _!     
boys1 :o did n und]/& my  language well4
 ,inde$ x is necess>y t ?ree ( !m %\ld  
be  skill$ 9 our tongue1 ?ree 9 ,arabic1
 ?ree 9 ,poli%1 & ?ree 9  ea* ( ! o!r   

languages1 & no recreation is all[$ !m  
unless  !y become m le>n$4 ,= t !y g out
 to ! pla9 = !  sake ( runn+ ab\t &     
hurl+ arr[s & lances1 & ( fir+          
h>quebuses1 & = ! sake ( hunt+ ! wild   
animals & gett+ a  k ( plants & /ones1 &
 agriculture & pa/urage2 sometimes  ! b&
 ( boys does "o ?+1 sometimes ano!r4    
,!y d n consid] x necess>y t ! ?ree     
rul]s assi/+ ,hoh  %\ld "k o!r ?an !    
arts hav+ ref]5ce to _! rule1 & s  !y h 
only a hi/orical k ( ! arts :i* are     
common to  all4 ,b _! own !y "k well1 to
 :i* c]ta9ly "o is d$icat$  m ?an ano!r4
 ,?us ,p[] is ! mo/ le>n$ 9 ! eque/rian 
art1  9 m>%all+ ! army1 9 ! m>k+ out (  
camps1 9 ! manufacture  ( e k9d ( weapon
 & ( w>like ma*9es1 9 plann+ /ratagems1 
& 9 e affair ( a milit>y nature4 ,& = ^!
 reasons1 !y  consid] x necess>y t ^!   
*iefs %\ld h be5 philosoph]s1           
hi/orians1 politicians1 & physici/s4    
,conc]n+ ! o!r two  triumvirs1 und]/&   
rem>ks simil> to ^? ,i h made ab\t ,p[]4
      ,g4,m4 ,i really wi% t y w\ld     

rec\nt all _! public duties1 &  w\ld    
di/+ui% betwe5 !m1 & also t y w\ld tell 
cle>ly h[  !y are all taught 9 common4  
,capt4 ,!y h dwell+s 9 common &         
dormitories1 & c\*es &  o!r necess>ies4 
,b at ! end ( e six mon?s !y are sep>at$
  by ! ma/]s4 ,"s %all sleep 9 ?is r+1  
"s 9 ano!r2 "s 9  ! fir/ ap>tm5t1 & "s 9
 ! second2 & ^! ap>tm5ts are  m>k$ by   
means ( ! alphabet on ! l9tel4 ,!re are 
occupations1  me*anical & !oretical1    
common to bo? m5 & wom51 ) ?is          
diff]5ce1 t ! occupations :i* require m 
h>d "w1 &  walk+ a long di/ance1 are    
practis$ by m51 su* z pl\gh+1  s[+1     
ga!r+ ! fruits1 work+ at ! ?re%+-floor1 
&  p]*ance at ! v9tage4 ,b x is cu/om>y 
to *oose wom5 =  milk+ ! c[s & = mak+   
*eese4 ,9 l mann]1 !y g to !  g>d5s ne> 
to ! outskirts ( ! city bo? = collect+ !
 plants  & = cultivat+ !m4 ,9 fact1 all 
s$5t>y & /ation>y pursuits  are practis$
 by ! wom51 su* z weav+1 sp9n+1 sew+1   
cutt+  ! hair1 %av+1 disp5s+ m$ic9es1 & 
mak+ all k9ds (  g>m5ts4 ,!y are1 h[ev]1

 exclud$ f work+ 9 wood & !  manufacture
 ( arms4 ,if a woman is fit to pa9t1 %e 
is n prev5t$  f do+ s2 nev]!less1 music 
is giv5 ov] to ! wom5 alone1  because !y
 please ! m1 & ( a tru? to boys also4 ,b
 ! wom5  h n ! practise ( ! drum & !    
horn4    ,& !y prep>e _! fea/s & arrange
 ! tables 9 ! foll[+  mann]4 ,x is !    
peculi> "w ( ! boys & girls "u tw5ty to 
wait at ! tables4 ,9 e r+ !re are       
suitable kit*5s1  b>ns1 & /ores (       
ut5sils = eat+ & dr9k+1 & ov] e         
dep>tm5t an old man & an old woman      
preside4 ,^! two h at once  ! comm& ( ^?
 :o s]ve1 & ! p[] ( *a/is+1 or caus+  to
 be *a/is$1 ^? :o are neglig5t or       
disob$i5t2 & !y also  exam9e & m>k ea*  
"o1 bo? male & female1 :o excels 9 8 or 
h] duties4    ,all ! "y p wait ^u ! old]
 ones :o h pass$ ! age (  =ty1 & 9 !    
ev5+ :5 !y g to sleep ! ma/] & mi/ress  
comm& t ^? %\ld be s5t to "w 9 ! morn+1 
^u :om 9  succession ! duty falls1 "o or
 two to sep>ate ap>tm5ts4 ,!  "y p1     
h[ev]1 wait ^u "o ano!r1 & t alas6 ) "s 

unwill+ness4 ,!y h fir/ & second tables1
 & on bo? sides  !re are seats4 ,on "o  
side sit ! wom51 on ! o!r ! m52 &  z 9 !
 refectories ( ! monks1 !re is no noise4
 ,:ile !y are  eat+ a "y man reads a    
book f a plat=m1 inton+ di/9ctly  &     
sonor\sly1 & (t5 ! magi/rates "q !m ^u !
 m  important p>ts ( ! read+4 ,& truly x
 is pleasant to obs]ve 9  :at mann] ^!  
"y p1 s beautiful & clo!d 9 g>m5ts s    
suitable1 att5d to !m1 & to see at !    
same "t s _m fri5ds1  bro!rs1 sons1     
fa!rs1 & mo!rs all 9 _! turn liv+ toge!r
  ) s mu* hone/y1 propriety1 & love4 ,s 
ea* "o is giv5 a  napk91 a plate1 fi%1 &
 a di% ( food4 ,x is ! duty ( ! m$ical  
(fic]s to tell ! cooks :at repa/s %all  
be prep>$ on ea* day1  & :at food = !   
old1 :at = ! "y1 & :at = ! sick4  ,!    
magi/rates receive ! full-gr[n & fatt]  
portion1 & !y f  _! %>e always di/ribute
 some?+ to ! boys at ! table :o  h %[n  
!mselves m /udi\s 9 ! morn+ at !        
lectures &  debates conc]n+ wisdom &    
arms4 ,& ?is is held to be "o ( !  mo/  

di/+ui%$ honors4 ,= six days !y orda9 to
 s+ ) music  at table4 ,only a few1     
h[ev]1 s+2 or !re is "o voice accompany+
  ! lute & "o = ea* o!r in/rum5t4 ,& :5 
all alike 9  s]vice jo9 _! h&s1 no?+ is 
f\nd to be want+4 ,! old m5  plac$ at ! 
head ( ! cook+ bus9ess & ( ! refectories
 ( !  s]vants praise ! cleanl9ess ( !   
/reets1 ! h\ses1 ! vessels1  ! g>m5ts1 !
 work%ops1 & ! w>eh\ses4    ,!y we> :ite
 "u-g>m5ts to :i* adh]es a cov]+1 :i* is
 at  once coat & legg+1 )\t wr9kles4 ,! 
bord]s ( ! fa/5+s  are furni%$ ) globul>
 buttons1 ext5d$ r\nd & caught up "h  & 
!re by *a9s4 ,! cov]+s ( ! legs desc5d  
to ! %oes &  are cont9u$ ev5 to ! heels4
 ,!n !y cov] ! feet ) l>ge  socks1 or1 z
 x 71 half-busk9s fa/5$ by buckles1 ov] 
:i* !y  we> a half-boot1 & besides1 z ,i
 h already said1 !y are clo!d  ) a toga4
 ,& s aptly fitt+ are ! g>m5ts1 t :5 !  
toga  is de/roy$1 ! diff]5t p>ts ( !    
:ole body are /raightway  disc]n$1 no "p
 be+ conceal$4 ,!y *ange _! clo!s =     
diff]5t ones f\r times 9 ! ye>1 t is :5 

! sun ent]s  respectively !             
con/ellations ,aries1 ,canc]1 ,libra1 & 
,capricorn1 &  accord+ to ! circum/ances
 & necessity z decid$ by ! (fic]  (     
heal?4 ,! keep]s ( clo!s = ! diff]5t r+s
 are wont to  di/ribute !m1 & x is      
m>vell\s t !y h at ! same "t  z _m      
g>m5ts z !re is ne$ =1 "s heavy & "s    
slight1  accord+ to ! wea!r4 ,!y all use
 :ite clo?+1 & ?is is  wa%$ 9 ea* mon? )
 lye or soap1 z are also ! work%ops ( ! 
l[] trades1 ! kit*5s1 ! pantries ! b>ns1
 ! /ore-h\ses1  ! armories1 !           
refectories1 & ! ba?s4    ,moreov]1 !   
clo!s are wa%$ at ! pill>s ( ! p]i/yles1
 &  ! wat] is br\ght d[n by means (     
canals :i* are cont9u$ z  sew]s4 ,9 e   
/reet ( ! diff]5t r+s !re are suitable  
f\nta9s1 :i* s5d =? _! wat] by means (  
canals1 ! wat]  be+ drawn up f ne>ly !  
bottom ( ! m\nta9 by ! sole  movem5t ( a
 clev]ly contriv$ h&le4 ,!re is wat] 9  
f\nta9s  & 9 ci/]ns1 :i!r ! ra9-wat]    
collect$ f ! ro(s ( !  h\ses is br\ght  
?r\gh pipes full ( s&4 ,!y wa% _! bodies

  (t51 accord+ z ! doctor & ma/] comm&4 
,all ! me*anical  arts are practis$ "u !
 p]i/yles1 b ! speculative are c>ri$  on
 above 9 ! walk+ gall]ies & ramp>ts :]e 
are ! m  spl5did pa9t+s1 b ! m sacr$    
ones are taught 9 ! temple4  ,9 ! halls 
& w+s ( ! r+s !re are sol> "t-pieces &  
bells1 & h&s by :i* ! h\rs & seasons are
 m>k$ (f4      ,g4,m4 ,tell me ab\t _!  
*ildr54      ,capt4 ,:5 _! wom5 h br\ght
 =? *ildr51 !y suckle & re>  !m 9       
temples set ap>t = all4 ,!y give milk = 
two ye>s or m  z ! physician ord]s4     
,aft] t "t ! wean$ *ild is giv5 into  ! 
*>ge ( ! mi/resses1 if x is a female1 & 
to ! ma/]s1  if x is a male4 ,& !n ) o!r
 "y *ildr5 !y are pleasantly  in/ruct$ 9
 ! alphabet1 & 9 ! k ( ! pictures1 & 9  
runn+1 walk+1 & wre/l+2 also 9 !        
hi/orical draw+s1 &  9 languages2 & !y  
are adorn$ ) a suitable g>m5t ( diff]5t 
colors4 ,aft] _! six? ye> !y are taught 
natural sci5ce1 & !n  ! me*anical       
sci5ces4 ,! m5 :o are weak 9 intellect  
are s5t  to f>ms1 & :5 !y h become m    

pr(ici5t "s ( !m are  receiv$ into !    
,/ate4 ,& ^? ( ! same age & born "u !   
same con/ellation are especially l "o   
ano!r 9 /r5g? & 9  appe>ance1 & h5ce    
arises mu* la/+ concord 9 ! ,/ate1 ^!   
m5 honor+ "o ano!r ) mutual love & help4
 ,names are giv5  to !m by              
,metaphysicus1 & t n by *ance1 b        
design$ly1 &  accord+ to ea* "o's       
peculi>ity1 z 0 ! cu/om among !  anci5t 
,romans4 ,:]e=e "o is call$ ,beautiful  
7,pul*]71 ano!r  ! ,big-nos$ 7,naso71   
ano!r ! ,fat-legg$ 7,cranipes71 ano!r   
,crook$  7,torvus71 ano!r ,lean 7,mac]71
 & s on4 ,b :5 !y h become  v skill$ 9  
_! pr(essions & done any great de$ 9 w> 
or 9  "t ( peace1 a cognom5 f art is    
giv5 to !m1 su* z ,beautiful  ! ,great  
,pa9t] 7,pul*]1 ,pictor ,magnus71 !     
,gold5 ,"o 7,aureus71  ! ,excell5t ,"o  
7,excell5s71 or ! ,/rong 7,/r5uus72 or f
 _!  de$s1 su* z ,naso ! ,brave 7,nason 
,=tis71 or ! ,cunn+1 or !  ,great1 or ,v
 ,great ,conqu]or2 or f ! enemy anyone  
has ov]come1  ,africanus1 ,asiaticus1   

,etruscus2 or if anyone has ov]come     
,manfr$ or  ,tortelius1 he is call$     
,mac] ,manfr$ or ,tortelius1 & s on4    
,all ^!  cognom5s are add$ by ! high]   
magi/rates1 & v (t5 ) a  cr[n suitable  
to ! de$ or art1 & ) ! fl\ri% ( music4  
,= gold & silv] are reckon$ ( little    
value among !m except z  mat]ial = _!   
vessels & ornam5ts1 :i* are common to   
all4      ,g4,m4 ,tell me1 ,i pray y1 is
 !re no jeal\sy among !m or             
disappo9tm5t to t "o :o has n be5 elect$
 to a magi/racy1 or  to any o!r dignity 
to :i* he aspires8      ,capt4 ,c]ta9ly 
n4 ,= no "o wants ei!r necess>ies or    
luxuries4  ,moreov]1 ! race is manag$ = 
! good ( ! commonweal?1 & n  ( private  
individuals1 & ! magi/rates mu/ be      
obey$4 ,!y d5y  :at we hold--viz41 t x  
is natural to man to recognize 8 (fspr+ 
& to educate !m1 & to use 8 wife & h\se 
& *ildr5 z 8  own4 ,= !y say t *ildr5   
are br$ = ! pres]vation ( !  species & n
 = individual pleasure1 z ,/4 ,?omas    
also ass]ts4  ,!re=e ! bre$+ ( *ildr5   

has ref]5ce to ! commonweal?1  & n to   
individuals1 except 9 s f> z !y are     
con/itu5ts (  ! commonweal?4 ,& s9ce    
individuals = ! mo/ "p br+ =?  *ildr5   
wrongly & educate !m wrongly1 !y consid]
 t !y  remove de/ruction f ! ,/ate1 &   
!re=e = ?is reason1 )  mo/ sacr$ fe>1 !y
 commit ! education ( ! *ildr51 :o1 z x 
71 are ! elem5t ( ! republic1 to ! c>e (
 magi/rates2  = ! safety ( ! community  
is n t ( a few4 ,& ?us !y  di/ribute    
male & female bre$]s ( ! be/ natures    
accord+ to  philosophical rules4 ,plato 
?9ks t ?is di/ribution ought to be  made
 by lot1 le/ "s m5 see+ t !y are kept   
away f !  beautiful wom51 %\ld rise up )
 ang] & hatr$ aga9/ !  magi/rates2 & he 
?9ks fur!r t ^? :o d n des]ve           
cohabitation ) ! m beautiful wom51 %\ld 
be deceiv$ :ile !  lots are be+ l$ out (
 ! city by ! magi/rates1 s t at all     
times ! wom5 :o are suitable %\ld fall  
to _! lot1 n ^?  :om !y desire4 ,?is    
%rewdness1 h[ev]1 is n necess>y among ! 
inhabitants ( ! ,city ( ! ,sun4 ,= ) !m 

de=mity is unkn[n4  ,:5 ! wom5 are      
ex]cis$ !y get a cle> complexion1 &     
become  /rong ( limb1 tall & agile1 & ) 
!m beauty consi/s 9  tallness & /r5g?4  
,!re=e1 if any woman dyes h] face1 s t x
  may become beautiful1 or uses         
high-heel$ boots s t %e may  appe> tall1
 or g>m5ts ) tra9s to cov] h] wood5     
%oes1 %e is  condemn$ to capital        
puni%m5t4 ,b if ! wom5 %\ld ev5 desire  
!m !y h no facility = do+ ^! ?+s4 ,= :o 
inde$ w\ld  give !m ?is facility8       
,fur!r1 !y ass]t t among u abuses (  ?is
 k9d arise f ! leisure & slo? ( wom54   
,by ^! means !y  lose _! color & h pale 
complexions1 & become feeble & small4   
,= ?is reason !y are )\t prop]          
complexions1 use high s&als1  & become  
beautiful n f /r5g?1 b f slo?ful        
t5d]ness4  ,& ?us !y ru9 _! own temp]s &
 natures1 & consequ5tly ^?  ( _! (fspr+4
 ,fur!rmore1 if at any "t a man is tak5 
captive  ) ard5t love = a c]ta9 woman1 !
 two are all[$ to conv]se  & joke toge!r
 & to give "o ano!r g>l&s ( fl[]s or    

leaves1  & to make v]ses4 ,b if ! race  
is endang]$1 by no means is  fur!r union
 betwe5 !m p]mitt$4 ,moreov]1 ! love    
born ( eag]  desire is n kn[n among !m2 
only t born ( fri5d%ip4    ,dome/ic     
affairs & p>tn]%ips are ( little acc\nt1
 because1  except+ ! sign ( honor1 ea*  
"o receives :at he is 9 ne$ (4  ,to !   
h]oes & h]o9es ( ! republic1 x is       
cu/om>y to give  ! pleas+ gifts ( honor1
 beautiful wrea?s1 sweet food1 or       
spl5did  clo!s1 :ile !y are fea/+4 ,9 ! 
daytime all use :ite g>m5ts  )9 ! city1 
b at night or outside ! city !y use r$  
g>m5ts  ei!r ( wool or silk4 ,!y hate   
black z !y d dung1 & !re=e  !y dislike !
 ,japanese1 :o are fond ( black4 ,pride 
!y consid]  ! mo/ execrable vice1 & "o  
:o acts pr\dly is *a/is$ ) !  mo/       
ru?less correction4 ,:]e=e no "o ?9ks x 
l[]+ to wait  at table or to "w 9 !     
kit*5 or fields4 ,all "w !y call        
discipl9e1 & ?us !y say t x is honorable
 to g on foot1 to d  any act ( nature1  
to see ) ! eye1 & to speak ) ! tongue2  

& :5 !re is ne$1 !y di/+ui%             
philosophically betwe5 te>s  & spittle4 
,e man :o1 :5 he is told (f to "w1 does 
8 duty1 is consid]$  v honorable4 ,x is 
n ! cu/om to keep slaves4 ,= !y are     
en\gh1 & m ?an en\gh1 = !mselves4 ,b )  
u1 alas6 x is  n s4 ,9 ,naples !re exi/ 
#gj1jjj s\ls1 & out ( ^! sc>cely        
#aj1jjj or #ae1jjj d any "w1 & !y are   
always lean f ov]work  & are gett+ weak]
 e day4 ,! re/ become a prey to idl5ess1
  av>ice1 ill-heal?1 lascivi\sness1     
usury1 & o!r vices1 &  contam9ate &     
corrupt v _m families by hold+ !m 9     
s]vitude  = _! own use1 by keep+ !m 9   
pov]ty & slavi%ness1 & by  imp>t+ to !m 
_! own vices4 ,!re=e public slav]y ru9s 
!m2  useful works1 9 ! field1 9 milit>y 
s]vice1 & 9 arts1 except  ^? :i* are    
debas+1 are n cultivat$1 ! few :o d     
practise  !m do+ s ) mu* av]sion4    ,b 
9 ! ,city ( ! ,sun1 :ile duty & "w are  
di/ribut$ among  all1 x only falls to   
ea* "o to "w = ab\t f\r h\rs e day4  ,! 
rema9+ h\rs are sp5t 9 le>n+ joy\sly1 9 

debat+1 9  read+1 9 recit+1 9 writ+1 9  
walk+1 9 ex]cis+ ! m9d &  body1 & )     
play4 ,!y all[ no game :i* is play$ :ile
 sitt+1  nei!r ! s+le die nor dice1 nor 
*ess1 nor o!rs l ^!4 ,b  !y play ) !    
ball1 ) ! sack1 ) ! hoop1 ) wre/l+1  )  
hurl+ at ! /ake4 ,!y say1 moreov]1 t    
gr9d+ pov]ty  r5d]s m5 wor?less1 cunn+1 
sulky1 ?ievi%1 insidi\s1 vagabonds1     
li>s1 false witnesses1 etc42 & t weal?  
makes !m insol5t1  pr\d1 ignorant1      
traitors1 assum]s ( :at !y "k n1        
deceiv]s1  boa/]s1 want+ 9 affection1   
sl&]]s1 etc4 ,b ) !m all !  ri* & poor  
toge!r make up ! community4 ,!y are ri* 
because !y  want no?+1 poor because !y  
possess no?+2 & consequ5tly !y  are n   
slaves to circum/ances1 b circum/ances  
s]ve !m4 ,& on  ?is po9t !y /rongly     
recomm5d ! religion ( ! ,*ri/ians1 &    
especially ! life ( ! apo/les4          
,g4,m4 ,?is seems excell5t & sacr$1 b ! 
community ( wom5 is a  ?+ too difficult 
to atta94 ,! holy ,roman ,clem5t says t 
wives  ought to be common 9 accordance )

 ! apo/olic in/itution1 &  praises      
,plato & ,socrates1 :o ?us tea*1 b !    
,gloss>y int]prets  ?is community )     
reg>d to ob$i5ce4 ,& ,t]tullian agrees )
  ! ,gloss>y1 t ! fir/ ,*ri/ians _h     
ev]y?+ 9 common except  wives4          
,capt4 ,^! ?+s ,i "k little (4 ,b ?is ,i
 saw among !  inhabitants ( ! ,city ( ! 
,sun1 t !y did n make ?is  exception4 ,&
 !y def5d !mselves by ! op9ion (        
,socrates1 (  ,cato1 ( ,plato1 & ( ,/4  
,clem5t2 b1 z y say1 !y misund]/&  !    
op9ions ( ^! ?9k]s4 ,& ! inhabitants ( !
 sol> city  ascribe ?is to _! want (    
education1 s9ce !y are by no means      
le>n$ 9 philosophy4 ,nev]!less1 !y s5d  
abroad to discov] !  cu/oms ( nations1 &
 ! be/ ( ^! !y always adopt4 ,practice  
makes ! wom5 suitable = w> & o!r duties4
 ,?us !y agree  ) ,plato1 9 :om ,i h    
read ^! same ?+s4 ,! reason+ ( our      
,cajetan does n conv9ce me1 & lea/ ( all
 t ( ,ari/otle4  ,?is ?+1 h[ev]1 exi/+  
among !m is excell5t & wor?y (          
imitation--viz41 t no physical defect   

r5d]s a man incapable (  be+ s]viceable 
except ! decrepitude ( old age1 s9ce ev5
 !  de=m$ are useful = consultation4 ,! 
lame s]ve z gu>ds1 wat*+  ) ! eyes :i*  
!y possess4 ,! bl9d c>d wool ) _! h&s1  
sep>at+ ! d[n f ! hairs1 ) :i* latt] !y 
/uff !  c\*es & s(as2 ^? :o are )\t !   
use ( eyes & h&s give  ! use ( _! e>s or
 _! voice = ! conv5i5ce ( ! ,/ate1  & if
 "o has only "o s5se he uses x 9 ! f>ms4
 ,& ^!  cripples are well treat$1 & "s  
become spies1 tell+ ! (fic]s  ( ! ,/ate 
:at !y h he>d4      ,g4,m4 ,tell me n[1 
,i pray y1 ( _! milit>y affairs4 ,!n y  
may expla9 _! arts1 ways ( life &       
sci5ces1 & la/ly _!  religion4          
,capt4 ,! triumvir1 ,p[]1 has "u him all
 ! magi/rates ( arms1  ( artill]y1 (    
cavalry1 ( foot-soldi]s1 ( ar*itects1 & 
(  /rategi/s2 & ! ma/]s & _m ( ! mo/    
excell5t workm5  obey ! magi/rates1 ! m5
 ( ea* art pay+ allegiance to _!        
respective *iefs4 ,moreov]1 ,p[] is at !
 head ( all ! pr(essors  ( gymna/ics1 :o
 tea* milit>y ex]cise1 & :o are prud5t  

g5]als1 advanc$ 9 age4 ,by ^! ! boys are
 tra9$ aft] _!  twelf? ye>4 ,be=e ?is   
age1 h[ev]1 !y h be5 accu/om$ to        
wre/l+1 runn+1 ?r[+ ! weight1 & o!r m9or
 ex]cises1  "u inf]ior ma/]s4 ,b at     
twelve !y are taught h[ to /rike at  !  
enemy1 at horses & elephants1 to h&le ! 
spe>1 ! sword1 !  arr[1 & ! sl+2 to     
manage ! horse1 to advance & to retreat1
 to  rema9 9 ord] ( battle1 to help a   
comrade 9 arms1 to anticipate !  enemy  
by cunn+1 & to conqu]4    ,! wom5 also  
are taught ^! arts "u _! own magi/rates 
&  mi/resses1 s t !y may be able if ne$ 
be to r5d] assi/ance  to ! males 9      
battles ne> ! city4 ,!y are taught to   
wat* !  =tifications le/ at "s "t a ha/y
 attack %\ld sudd5ly be made4  ,9 ?is   
respect !y praise ! ,sp>tans & ,amazons4
 ,! wom5 "k  well also h[ to let fly    
fi]y balls1 & h[ to make !m f lead2  h[ 
to ?r[ /ones f p9nacles & to g 9 ! way (
 an attack4  ,!y are accu/om$ also to   
give up w9e unmix$ altoge!r1 & t  "o is 
puni%$ mo/ sev]ely :o %[s any fe>4    ,!

 inhabitants ( ! ,city ( ! ,sun d n fe> 
dea?1 because !y  all believe t ! s\l is
 immortal1 & t :5 x has left !  body x  
is associat$ ) o!r spirits1 wick$ or    
good1 accord+ to  ! m]its ( ?is pres5t  
life4 ,al?\gh !y are p>tly foll[]s  (   
,brahma & ,py?agoras1 !y d n believe 9 !
 transmigration (  s\ls1 except 9 "s    
cases by a di/9ct decree ( ,god4 ,!y d n
  ab/a9 f injur+ an enemy ( ! republic &
 ( religion1 :o  is unwor?y ( pity4     
,dur+ ! second mon? ! army is review$1 &
  e day !re is practice ( arms1 ei!r 9 !
 cavalry pla9 or  )9 ! walls4 ,nor are  
!y ev] )\t lectures on ! sci5ce (  w>4  
,!y take c>e t ! acc\nts ( ,moses1 (    
,jo%ua1 ( ,david1 (  ,judas ,maccabaeus1
 ( ,caes>1 ( ,alex&]1 ( ,scipio1 (      
,hannibal1 &  o!r great soldi]s %\ld be 
read4 ,& !n ea* "o gives 8 own  op9ion z
 to :e!r ^! g5]als act$ well or ill1    
usefully or  honorably1 & !n ! tea*]    
answ]s & says :o are "r4      ,g4,m4 ,) 
:om d !y wage w>1 & = :at reasons1 s9ce 
!y are s  prosp]\s8      ,capt4 ,w>s    

might nev] occur1 nev]!less !y are      
ex]cis$ 9  milit>y tactics & 9 hunt+1   
le/ p]*ance !y %\ld become  effem9ate & 
unprep>$ = any em]g5cy4 ,besides1 !re   
are f\r  k+doms 9 ! isl&1 :i* are v     
envi\s ( _! prosp]ity1  = ?is reason t !
 p desire to live aft] ! mann] ( !      
inhabitants ( ! ,city ( ! ,sun1 & to be 
"u _! rule r  ?an t ( _! own k+s4 ,:]e=e
 ! ,/ate (t5 makes w> ^u  ^! because1   
be+ neighbors1 !y are usurp]s & live    
impi\sly1  s9ce !y h n an object (      
wor%ip & d n obs]ve ! religion  ( o!r   
nations or ( ! ,brahm9s4 ,& o!r nations 
( ,india1 to  :i* =m]ly !y 7 subject1   
rise up z x 7 9 rebellion1 z  also d !  
,taprobanese1 :om !y want$ to jo9 !m at 
fir/4 ,!  w>riors ( ! ,city ( ! ,sun1   
h[ev]1 are always ! victors4 ,z  soon z 
!y suff]$ f insult or disgrace or       
plund]1 or :5 _!  allies h be5 h>ass$1  
or a p h be5 oppress$ by a tyrant  ( !  
,/ate 7= !y are always ! advocates (    
lib]ty71 !y g  imm$iately to ! ,c\ncil =
 delib]ation4 ,aft] !y h knelt 9  !     

pres5ce ( ,god1 t he might inspire _!   
consultation1 !y  proce$ to exam9e !    
m]its ( ! bus9ess1 & ?us w> is decid$   
on4 ,imm$iately aft]1 a prie/1 :om !y   
call ,=5sic1 is s5t away4  ,he dem&s f !
 enemy ! re/itution ( ! plund]1 asks t !
  allies %\ld be fre$ f oppression1 or t
 ! tyrant %\ld be  depos$4 ,if !y d5y ^!
 ?+s w> is decl>$ by invok+ !  v5geance 
( ,god--! ,god ( ,sabao?--= de/ruction (
 ^? :o  ma9ta9 an unju/ cause4 ,b if !  
enemy refuse to reply1 ! prie/  gives   
him ! space ( "o h\r = 8 answ]1 if he is
 a k+1 b  ?ree if x is a republic1 s t  
!y _c escape giv+ a response4  ,& 9 ?is 
mann] is w> und]tak5 aga9/ ! insol5t    
enemies (  natural rights & ( religion4 
,:5 w> has be5 decl>$1 ! deputy  ( ,p[] 
p]=ms ev]y?+1 b ,p[]1 l ! ,roman        
dictator1 plans  & wills ev]y?+1 s t    
hurtful t>d9ess may be avoid$4 ,& :5    
any?+ ( great mom5t arises he consults  
,hoh & ,wisdom & ,love4    ,be=e ?is1   
h[ev]1 ! occasion ( w> & ! ju/ice ( mak+
  an exp$ition are decl>$ by a h]ald 9 !

 great ,c\ncil4 ,all f  tw5ty ye>s &    
upw>d are admitt$ to ?is ,c\ncil1 & ?us 
!  necess>ies are agre$ ^u4 ,all k9ds ( 
weapons /& 9 ! armories1  & ^! !y use   
(t5 9 %am fights4 ,! ext]ior walls ( ea*
 r+  are full ( guns prep>$ by _!       
labors1 & !y h o!r eng9es  = hurl+ :i*  
are call$ cannons1 & :i* !y take into   
battle  ^u mules & asses & c>riages4 ,:5
 !y h arriv$ 9 an  op5 pla9 !y enclose 9
 ! middle ! provisions1 eng9es ( w>1    
*>iots1 ladd]s1 & ma*9es1 & all fight   
c\rage\sly4 ,!n ea*  "o returns to !    
/&>ds1 & ! enemy ?9k+ t !y are  giv+ &  
prep>+ to flee1 are deceiv$ & relax _!  
ord]3 !n  ! w>riors ( ! ,city ( ! ,sun1 
:eel+ into w+s & columns on  ea* side1  
rega9 _! brea? & /r5g?1 & ord]+ !       
artill]y  to dis*>ge _! bullets !y      
resume ! fight aga9/ a disorganiz$  ho/4
 ,& !y obs]ve _m ruses ( ?is k9d4 ,!y   
ov]come all  mortals ) _! /ratagems &   
eng9es4 ,_! camp is =tifi$ aft]  ! mann]
 ( ! ,romans4 ,!y pit* _! t5ts & =tify )
 wall  & dit* ) wond]ful quickness4 ,!  

ma/]s ( works1 ( eng9es &  hurl+ ma*9es1
 /& ready1 & ! soldi]s und]/& ! use (  !
 spade & ! axe4    ,five1 eight1 or t5  
lead]s le>n$ 9 ! ord] ( battle & 9      
/rategy consult toge!r conc]n+ ! bus9ess
 ( w>1 & comm&  _! b&s aft]             
consultation4 ,x is _! wont to take out 
) !m a  body ( boys1 arm$ & on horses1 s
 t !y may le>n to fight1 j  z ! :elps ( 
lions & wolves are accu/om$ to blood4 ,&
 ^! 9  "t ( dang] betake !mselves to a  
place ( safety1 along ) _m  arm$ wom54  
,aft] ! battle ! wom5 & boys soo! &     
relieve  ! pa9 ( ! w>riors1 & wait ^u !m
 & enc\rage !m )  embraces & pleasant   
words4 ,h[ wond]ful a help is ?is6 ,= ! 
soldi]s1 9 ord] t !y may acquit !mselves
 z /urdy m5 9 !  eyes ( _! wives &      
(fspr+1 endure h>d%ips1 & s love makes  
!m conqu]ors4 ,he :o 9 ! fight fir/     
scales ! enemy's walls  receives aft] ! 
battle ( a cr[n ( grass1 z a tok5 (     
honor1  & at ! pres5tation ! wom5 & boys
 applaud l\dly2 t "o :o  af=ds aid to an
 ally gets a civic cr[n ( oak-leaves2 he

 :o kills  a tyrant d$icates 8 arms 9 ! 
temple & receives f ,hoh !  cognom5 ( 8 
de$1 & o!r w>riors obta9 o!r k9ds (     
cr[ns4    ,e horse-soldi] c>ries a spe> 
& two /rongly temp]$ pi/ols1  n>r[ at ! 
m\?1 hang+ f 8 saddle4 ,& to get !      
b>rels (  _! pi/ols n>r[ !y pi]ce !     
metal :i* !y int5d to conv]t  into arms4
 ,fur!r1 e cavalry soldi] has a sword & 
a dagg]4 ,b  ! re/1 :o =m ! light-arm$  
troops1 c>ry a metal cudgel4 ,= if  !   
foe _c pi]ce _! metal = pi/ols & _c make
 swords1  !y attack him ) clubs1 %att] &
 ov]?r[ him4 ,two *a9s ( six  spans l5g?
 hang f ! club1 & at ! end ( ^! are iron
 balls1  & :5 ^! are aim$ at ! enemy !y 
surr\nd 8 neck & drag  him to ! gr\nd2 &
 9 ord] t !y may be able to use ! club  
m easily1 !y d n hold ! re9s ) _! h&s1 b
 use !m  by means ( ! feet4 ,if p]*ance 
! re9s are int]*ang$ above  ! trapp+s ( 
! saddle1 ! ends are fa/5$ to ! /irrups 
)  buckles1 & n to ! feet4 ,& ! /irrups 
h an arrangem5t =  swift movem5t ( !    
bridle1 s t !y draw 9 or let out ! re9  

) m>vell\s cel]ity4 ,) ! "r foot !y turn
 ! horse to  ! left1 & ) ! left to ! "r4
 ,?is secret1 moreov]1 is n  kn[n to !  
,t>t>s4 ,=1 al?\gh !y gov]n ! re9s ) _! 
feet1 !y are ignorant nev]!less ( turn+ 
!m & draw+ !m  9 & lett+ !m out by means
 ( ! block ( ! /irrups4 ,!  light-arm$  
cavalry ) !m are ! fir/ to engage 9     
battle1 !n !  m5 =m+ ! phalanx ) _!     
spe>s1 !n ! ar*]s = ^:  s]vices a great 
price is paid1 & :o are accu/om$ to     
fight 9 l9es  cross+ "o ano!r z ! ?reads
 ( clo?1 "s ru%+ =w>d  9 _! turn & o!rs 
rec$+4 ,!y h a b& ( lanc]s  /r5g!n+ !   
l9e ( battle1 b !y make trial ( ! swords
 only  at ! end4    ,aft] ! battle !y   
celebrate ! milit>y triumphs aft] !     
mann]  ( ! ,romans1 & ev5 9 a m         
magnific5t way4 ,pray]s by ! way (      
?ank-(f]+s are made to ,god1 & !n !     
g5]al pres5ts himself  9 ! temple1 & !  
de$s1 good & bad1 are relat$ by ! poet  
or hi/orian1 :o accord+ to cu/om 0 ) !  
exp$ition4 ,& !  greate/ *ief1 ,hoh1    
cr[ns ! g5]al ) laurel & di/ributes     

little gifts & honors to all ! valor\s  
soldi]s1 :o are = "s  days free f public
 duties4 ,b ?is exemption f "w is by no 
means pleas+ to !m1 s9ce !y "k n :at x  
is to be at leisure1  & s !y help _!    
companions4 ,on ! o!r h&1 !y :o h be5   
conqu]$ ?r\gh _! own fault1 or h lo/ !  
victory1 are blam$2  & !y :o 7 ! fir/ to
 take to flight are 9 no way wor?y to   
escape dea?1 unless :5 ! :ole army asks 
_! lives1 & ea* "o  takes ^u himself a  
"p ( _! puni%m5t4 ,b ?is indulg5ce is   
r>ely grant$1 except :5 !re are good    
reasons favor+ x4 ,b he  :o did n be>   
help to an ally or fri5d is beat5 )     
rods4 ,t "o  :o did n obey ord]s is giv5
 to ! bea/s1 9 an enclosure1 to be      
dev\r$1 & a /aff is put 9 8 h&1 & if he 
%\ld conqu] !  lions & ! be>s t are !re1
 :i* is almo/ impossible1 he  is receiv$
 into favor aga94 ,! conqu]$ ,/ates or  
^? will+ly  deliv]$ up to !m1 =?) h all 
?+s 9 common1 & receive  a g>rison &    
magi/rates f ! ,city ( ! ,sun1 & by     
degrees !y  are accu/om$ to ! ways ( !  

city1 ! mi/ress ( all1 to :i*  !y ev5   
s5d _! sons to be taught )\t contribut+ 
any?+ =  exp5se4    ,x w\ld be too great
 tr\ble to tell y ab\t ! spies & _!     
ma/]1 & ab\t ! gu>ds & laws & c]emonies1
 bo? )9  & )\t ! ,/ate1 :i* y c (       
y\rself imag9e4 ,s9ce f  *ildhood !y are
 *os5 accord+ to _! incl9ation & ! />   
"u :i* !y 7 born1 !re=e ea* "o work+    
accord+ to 8  natural prop5sity does 8  
duty well & pleasantly1 because         
naturally4  ,! same ?+s ,i may say      
conc]n+ /rategy & ! o!r functions4      
,!re are gu>ds 9 ! city by day & by     
night1 & !y are plac$  at ! f\r gates1 &
 outside ! walls ( ! sev5? r+1 above !  
brea/works & t[]s & inside m\nds4 ,^!   
places are gu>d$ 9  ! day by wom51 9 !  
night by m54 ,& le/ ! gu>d %\ld become  
we>y ( wat*+1 & 9 case ( a surprise1 !y 
*ange !m e  ?ree h\rs1 z is ! cu/om )   
our soldi]s4 ,at sunset1 :5 !  drum &   
symphonia s\nd1 ! arm$ gu>ds are        
di/ribut$4 ,cavalry &  infantry make use
 ( hunt+ z ! symbol ( w> & practise     

games &  hold fe/ivities 9 ! pla9s4 ,!n 
! music /rikes up1 & freely  !y p>don ! 
(f5ces & faults ( ! enemy1 & aft] !     
victories !y are k9d to !m1 if x has be5
 decre$ t !y %\ld  de/roy ! walls ( !   
enemy's city & take _! lives4 ,all ^!   
?+s are done on ! same day z ! victory1 
& aft]w>d !y nev]  cease to load !      
conqu]$ ) favors1 = !y say t !re ought  
to be no fight+1 except :5 ! conqu]ors  
give up ! conqu]$1 n  :5 !y kill !m4 ,if
 !re is a dispute among !m conc]n+      
injury  or any o!r matt] 7= !y !mselves 
sc>cely ev] cont5d except  9 matt]s (   
honor71 ! *ief & 8 magi/rates *a/ise !  
accus$  "o secretly1 if he has done h>m 
9 de$s aft] he has be5 fir/  angry4 ,if 
!y wait until ! "t ( ! battle = ! v]bal 
decision1 !y mu/ give v5t to _! ang]    
aga9/ ! enemy1 & he  :o 9 battle %[s !  
mo/ d>+ de$s is consid]$ to h def5d$  ! 
bett] & tru] cause 9 ! /ruggle1 & ! o!r 
yields1 &  !y are puni%$ ju/ly4         
,nev]!less1 !y are n all[$ to come to   
s+le combat1 s9ce "r is ma9ta9$ by !    

tribunal1 & because  ! unju/ cause is   
(t5 app>5t :5 ! m j succumbs1 & he  :o  
pr(esses to be ! bett] man %[s ?is 9    
public fight4      ,g4,m4 ,?is is wor?  
:ile1 s t factions %\ld n be *]i%$ =  ! 
h>m ( ! fa!rl&1 & s t civil w>s might n 
occur1 =  by means ( ^! a tyrant (t5    
arises1 z ! examples ( ,rome  & ,a!ns   
%[4 ,n[1 ,i pray y1 tell me ( _! works &
 matt]  connect$ !re)4      ,capt4 ,i   
believe t y h already he>d ab\t _!      
milit>y affairs  & ab\t _! agricultural 
& pa/oral life1 & 9 :at way ^!  are     
common to !m1 & h[ !y honor ) ! fir/    
grade ( nobility  :oev] is consid]$ to h
 k ( ^!4 ,!y :o are skilful  9 m arts   
?an ^! !y consid] /ill nobl]1 & !y set  
t "o ap>t = tea*+ ! art 9 :i* he is mo/ 
skilful4 ,!  occupations :i* require !  
mo/ labor1 su* z work+ 9 metals &       
build+1 are ! mo/ praisewor?y among !m4 
,no "o decl9es to g  to ^! occupations1 
= ! reason t f ! beg9n+ _!  prop5sities 
are well kn[n1 & among !m1 on acc\nt ( !
  di/ribution ( labor1 no "o does "w    

h>mful to him1 b only t  :i* is necess>y
 = him4 ,! occupations entail+ less     
labor belong  to ! wom54 ,all ( !m are  
expect$ to "k h[ to swim1 & = ?is       
reason ponds are dug outside ! walls ( !
 city & )9 !m ne>  to ! f\nta9s4        
,comm]ce is ( little use to !m1 b !y "k 
! value ( money1 &  !y c\nt = ! use ( _!
 ambassadors & explor]s1 s t )  x !y may
 h ! means ( liv+4 ,!y receive m]*ants  
into _!  ,/ates f ! diff]5t c\ntries ( !
 _w1 & ^! buy !  sup]flu\s goods ( !    
city4 ,! p ( ! ,city ( ! ,sun refuse  to
 take money1 b 9 import+ !y accept 9    
ex*ange ^? ?+s (  :i* !y are 9 ne$1 &   
sometimes !y buy ) money2 & ! "y  p 9 ! 
,city ( ! ,sun are mu* amus$ :5 !y see t
 =  a small price !y receive s _m ?+s 9 
ex*ange4 ,! old m51  h[ev]1 d n laugh4  
,!y are unwill+ t ! ,/ate %\ld be       
corrupt$ by ! vici\s cu/oms ( slaves &  
=eign]s4 ,!re=e  !y d bus9ess at !      
gates1 & sell ^? :om !y h tak5 9  w> or 
keep !m = digg+ dit*es & o!r h>d "w )\t 
!  city1 & = ?is reason !y always s5d   

f\r b&s ( soldi]s to  take c>e ( !      
fields1 & ) !m !re are ! labor]s4 ,!y g 
out ( ! f\r gates f :i* roads ) walls on
 bo? sides ( !m  lead to ! sea1 s t     
goods might easily be c>ri$ ov] !m &    
=eign]s might n meet ) difficulty on _! 
way4    ,to /rang]s !y are k9d & polite2
 !y keep !m = ?ree days at  ! public    
exp5se2 aft] !y h fir/ wa%$ _! feet1 !y 
%[  !m _! city & its cu/oms1 & !y honor 
!m ) a seat at !  ,c\ncil & public      
table1 & !re are m5 ^: duty x is to take
  c>e ( & gu>d ! gue/s4 ,b if /rang]s   
%\ld wi% to become  citiz5s ( _! ,/ate1 
!y try !m fir/ = a mon? on a f>m1 &  =  
ano!r mon? 9 ! city1 !n !y decide       
conc]n+ !m1 &  admit !m ) c]ta9         
c]emonies & oa?s4    ,agriculture is mu*
 foll[$ among !m2 !re is n a span ( e>? 
)\t cultivation1 & !y obs]ve ! w9ds &   
propiti\s />s4  ,) ! exception ( a few  
left 9 ! city all g out arm$1 & )  flags
 & drums & trumpets s\nd+1 to ! fields1 
= ! purposes  ( pl\gh+1 s[+1 digg+1     
hoe+1 reap+1 ga!r+ fruit &  grapes2 & !y

 set 9 ord] ev]y?+1 & d _! "w 9 a v  few
 h\rs & ) mu* c>e4 ,!y use wagons fitt$ 
) sails :i*  are borne along by ! w9d   
ev5 :5 x is contr>y1 by ! m>vell\s      
contrivance ( :eels )9 :eels4    ,& :5  
!re is no w9d a bea/ draws along a huge 
c>t1 :i* is a  gr& sight4    ,! gu>dians
 ( ! l& move ab\t 9 ! meantime1 arm$ &  
always  9 _! prop] turn4 ,!y d n use    
dung & fil? = manur+ !  fields1 ?9k+ t !
 fruit contracts some?+ ( _! rott5ness1 
& :5 eat5 gives a %ort & poor subsi/5ce1
 z wom5 :o are  beautiful ) r\ge & f    
want ( ex]cise br+ =? feeble  (fspr+4   
,:]e=e !y d n z x 7 pa9t ! e>?1 b dig  x
 up well & use secret rem$ies1 s t fruit
 is borne quickly &  multiplies1 & is n 
de/roy$4 ,!y h a book = ?is "w1  :i* !y 
call ! ,georgics4 ,z mu* ( ! l& z is    
necess>y is  cultivat$1 & ! re/ is us$ =
 ! pa/urage ( cattle4    ,! excell5t    
occupation ( bre$+ & re>+ horses1 ox51  
%eep1  dogs1 & all k9ds ( dome/ic & tame
 animals is 9 ! highe/  e/eem among !m z
 x 0 9 ! "t ( ,abraham4 ,& ! animals are

  l$ s to pair t !y may be able to bre$ 
well4    ,f9e pictures ( ox51 horses1   
%eep1 & o!r animals are plac$  be=e !m4 
,!y d n turn out horses ) m>es to fe$1 b
 at !  prop] "t !y br+ !m toge!r 9 an   
enclosure ( ! /ables 9  _! fields4 ,&   
?is is done :5 !y obs]ve t !            
con/ellation  ,ar*] is 9 favorable      
conjunction ) ,m>s & ,jupit]4 ,= ! ox5  
!y obs]ve ! ,bull1 = ! %eep ! ,ram1 & s 
on 9 accordance  ) art4 ,"u ! ,pleiades 
!y keep a drove ( h5s & ducks &  geese1 
:i* are driv5 out by ! wom5 to fe$ ne> !
 city4 ,!  wom5 only d ?is :5 x is a    
pleasure to !m4 ,!re are also places    
enclos$1 :]e !y make *eese1 butt]1 &    
milk-food4 ,!y also keep  capons1 fruit1
 & o!r ?+s1 & = all ^! matt]s !re is a  
book :i* !y call ! ,bucolics4 ,!y h an  
abundance ( all ?+s1  s9ce ev]yone likes
 to be indu/ri\s1 _! labors be+ slight &
  pr(itable4 ,!y are docile1 & t "o     
among !m :o is head ( !  re/ 9 duties ( 
?is k9d !y call k+4 ,= !y say t ?is  is 
! prop] "n ( ! lead]s1 & x does n belong

 to ignorant  p]sons4 ,x is wond]ful to 
see h[ m5 & wom5 m>* toge!r             
collectively1 & always 9 ob$i5ce to !   
voice ( ! k+4 ,nor d  !y reg>d him )    
loa?+ z we d1 = !y "k t al?\gh he  is   
great] ?an !mselves1 he is = all t _!   
fa!r & bro!r4  ,!y keep groves & woods =
 wild animals1 & !y (t5 hunt4    ,!     
sci5ce ( navigation is consid]$ v       
dignifi$ by !m1 & !y  possess rafts &   
triremes1 :i* g ov] ! wat]s )\t r[]s  or
 ! =ce ( ! w9d1 b by a m>vell\s         
contrivance4 ,& o!r  vessels !y h :i*   
are mov$ by ! w9ds4 ,!y h a correct  k (
 ! />s1 & ( ! ebb & fl[ ( ! tide4 ,!y   
navigate = ! sake ( becom+ acqua9t$ )   
nations & diff]5t  c\ntries & ?+s4 ,!y  
injure nobody1 & !y d n put up )        
injury1 & !y nev] g to battle unless :5 
provok$4 ,!y ass]t  t ! :ole e>? w 9 "t 
come to live 9 accordance ) _!  cu/oms1 
& consequ5tly !y always f9d out :e!r !re
 be a nation  ^: mann] ( liv+ is bett] &
 m approv$ ?an ! re/4 ,!y  admire !     
,*ri/ian in/itutions & look = a         

realization ( !  apo/olic life 9 vogue  
among !mselves & 9 u4 ,!re are treaties 
betwe5 !m & ! ,*9ese & _m o!r nations1  
bo? insul> &  cont95tal1 su* z ,siam &  
,calicut1 :i* !y are only j able  to    
explore4 ,fur!rmore1 !y h artificial    
fires1 battles on sea  & l&1 & _m       
/rategic secrets4 ,!re=e !y are ne>ly   
always  victori\s4      ,g4,m4 ,n[ x    
w\ld be v pleasant to le>n ) :at foods &
 dr9ks  !y are n\ri%$1 & 9 :at way & =  
h[ long !y live4      ,capt4 ,_! food   
consi/s ( fle%1 butt]1 honey1 *eese1    
g>d5 h]bs1  & vegetables ( v>i\s k9ds4  
,!y 7 unwill+ at fir/ to slay  animals1 
because x seem$ cruel2 b ?9k+ aft]w>d t 
is 0  also cruel to de/roy h]bs :i* h a 
%>e ( s5sitive feel+1  !y saw t !y w\ld 
p]i% f hung] unless !y did an           
unju/ifiable action = ! sake (          
ju/ifiable ones1 & s n[ !y  all eat     
meat4 ,nev]!less1 !y d n kill will+ly   
useful animals1  su* z ox5 & horses4 ,!y
 obs]ve ! diff]5ce betwe5 useful &      
h>mful foods1 & = ?is !y employ ! sci5ce

 ( m$ic9e4  ,!y always *ange _! food4   
,fir/ !y eat fle%1 !n fi%1 !n  aft]w>d  
!y g back to fle%1 & nature is nev]     
incommod$ or  weak5$4 ,! old p use ! m  
dige/ible k9d ( food1 & take  ?ree meals
 a day1 eat+ only a little4 ,b ! g5]al  
community eat  twice1 & ! boys f\r      
times1 t !y may satisfy nature4 ,! l5g? 
( _! lives is g5]ally #ajj ye>s1 b (t5  
!y rea* #bjj4    ,z reg>ds dr9k+1 !y are
 extremely mod]ate4 ,w9e is nev] giv5   
to "y p until !y are t5 ye>s old1 unless
 ! /ate ( _!  heal? dem&s x4 ,aft] _!   
t5? ye> !y take x dilut$ )  wat]1 & s d 
! wom51 b ! old m5 ( fifty & upw>d use  
little or no wat]4 ,!y eat ! mo/ heal?y 
?+s1 accord+ to !  "t ( ! ye>4    ,!y   
?9k no?+ h>mful :i* is br\ght =? by     
,god1 except :5  !re has be5 abuse by   
tak+ too mu*4 ,& !re=e 9 ! summ]  !y fe$
 on fruits1 because !y are moi/ & juicy 
& cool1  & c\nt]act ! heat & dryness4 ,9
 ! w9t] !y fe$ on dry  articles1 & 9 !  
autumn !y eat grapes1 s9ce !y are giv5  
by ,god  to remove melan*oly & sadness2 

& !y also make use ( sc5ts to a  great  
degree4 ,9 ! morn+1 :5 !y h all ris5 !y 
comb _!  hair & wa% _! faces & h&s )    
cold wat]4 ,!n !y *ew  ?yme or          
rock-p>sley or f5nel1 or rub _! h&s ) ^!
 plants4  ,! old m5 make inc5se1 & ) _! 
faces to ! ea/ repeat !  %ort pray] :i* 
,jesus ,*ri/ taught u4 ,aft] ?is !y g to
 wait  ^u ! old m51 "s g to ! dance1 &  
o!rs to ! duties ( !  ,/ate4 ,lat] on !y
 meet at ! e>ly lectures1 !n 9 ! temple1
  !n = bodily ex]cise4 ,!n = a little   
:ile !y sit d[n to re/1  & at l5g? !y g 
to d9n]4    ,among !m !re is nev] g\t 9 
! h&s or feet1 nor cat>rh1 nor          
sciatica1 nor griev\s colics1 nor       
flatul5cy1 nor h>d brea?+4  ,= ^!       
diseases are caus$ by indige/ion &      
flatul5cy1 & by  frugality & ex]cise !y 
remove e humor & spasm4 ,!re=e x  is    
unseemly 9 ! extreme to be se5 vomit+ or
 spitt+1 s9ce !y  say t ?is is a sign   
ei!r ( little ex]cise1 or ( ignoble     
slo?1  or ( drunk5ness1 or gluttony4 ,!y
 suff] r f swell+s or  f ! dry spasm1   

:i* !y relieve ) pl5ty ( good & juicy   
food4 ,!y heal fev]s ) pleasant ba?s & )
 milk-food1 & )  a pleasant habitation 9
 ! c\ntry & by gradual ex]cise4 ,unclean
  diseases _c be preval5t ) !m because  
!y (t5 clean _!  bodies by ba?+ 9 w9e1 &
 soo! !m ) aromatic oil1 & by !  sweat (
 ex]cise !y diffuse ! poison\s vapor :i*
 corrupts !  blood & ! m>r[4 ,!y d suff]
 a little f consumption1 because  !y _c 
p]spire at ! brea/1 b !y nev] h a/hma1 =
 !  humid nature ( :i* a heavy man is   
requir$4 ,!y cure hot fev]s  ) cold     
potations ( wat]1 b slight ones ) sweet 
smells1 )  *eese-bread or sleep1 ) music
 or danc+4 ,t]ti>y fev]s are cur$  by   
ble$+1 by rhub>b or by a simil> draw+   
rem$y1 or by wat]  soak$ 9 ! roots (    
plants1 ) purgative & %>p-ta/+          
qualities4 ,b x is r>ely t !y take      
purgative m$ic9es4 ,fev]s  occurr+ e    
f\r? day are cur$ easily by sudd5ly     
/>tl+ !  unprep>$ pati5ts1 & by means ( 
h]bs produc+ effects opposite to  !     
humors ( ?is fev]4 ,all ^! secrets !y   

told me 9 opposition  to _! own wi%es4  
,!y take m dilig5t pa9s to cure ! la/+  
fev]s1 :i* !y fe> m1 & !y /rive to      
c\nt]act ^! by  ! obs]vation ( />s & (  
plants1 & by pray]s to ,god4 ,fev]s     
recurr+ e fif?1 six?1 eigh? or m days1 y
 nev] f9d  :5ev] heavy humors are want+4
    ,!y use ba?s1 & moreov] !y h w>m    
ones accord+ to ! ,roman  cu/om1 & !y   
make use also ( olive oil4 ,!y h f\nd   
out1 too1 a  great _m secret cures = !  
pres]vation ( cleanl9ess & heal?4  ,& 9 
o!r ways !y labor to cure ! epilepsy1 ) 
:i* !y are  (t5 tr\bl$4      ,g4,m4 ,a  
sign ?is disease is ( wond]ful          
clev]ness1 = f x  ,h]cules1 ,scotus1    
,socrates1 ,callima*us1 & ,mahomet h    
suff]$4      ,capt4 ,!y cure by means ( 
pray]s to heav51 by /r5g!n+ !  head1 by 
acids1 by plann$ gymna/ics1 & ) fat     
*eese-bread  spr9kl$ ) ! fl\r ( :eat5   
corn4 ,!y are v skill$ 9  mak+ di%es1 & 
9 !m !y put spice1 honey1 butt]1 & _m   
highly /r5g!n+ spices1 & !y temp] _!    
ri*ness )  acids1 s t !y nev] vomit4 ,!y

 d n dr9k ice-cold dr9ks nor  artificial
 hot dr9ks1 z ! ,*9ese d2 = !y are n )\t
 aid  aga9/ ! humors ( ! body1 on acc\nt
 ( ! help !y get f !  natural heat ( !  
wat]2 b !y /r5g!n x ) cru%$ g>lic1  )   
v9eg>1 ) wild ?yme1 ) m9t1 & ) basil1 9 
! summ]  or 9 "t ( special heav9ess4 ,!y
 "k also a secret = r5ovat+  life aft]  
ab\t ! sev5tie? ye>1 & = ridd+ x (      
affliction1  & ?is !y d by a pleas+ &   
inde$ wond]ful art4      ,g4,m4 ,?us f> 
y h said no?+ conc]n+ _! sci5ces &      
magi/rates4      ,capt4 ,und\bt$ly ,i h 
,b s9ce y are s curi\s ,i w add m4  ,bo?
 :5 x is new moon & full moon !y call a 
c\ncil aft] a  sacrifice4 ,to ?is all f 
tw5ty ye>s upw>d are admitt$1 & ea*  "o 
is ask$ sep>ately to say :at is want+ 9 
! ,/ate1 & :i*  ( ! magi/rates h dis*>g$
 _! duties rightly & :i*  wrongly4 ,!n  
aft] eight days all ! magi/rates        
assemble1 to wit1 ,hoh  fir/1 & ) him   
,p[]1 ,wisdom1 & ,love4 ,ea* "o ( ! ?ree
  la/ has ?ree magi/rates "u him1 mak+ 9
 all ?irte51 & !y  consid] ! affairs ( !

 arts p]ta9+ to ea* "o ( !m3 ,p[]1  (   
w>2 ,wisdom1 ( ! sci5ces2 ,love1 ( food1
 clo?+1 education1  & bre$+4 ,! ma/]s ( 
all ! b&s1 :o are capta9s ( t5s1 (      
fifties1 ( hundr$s1 also assemble1 !    
wom5 fir/ & !n ! m54  ,!y argue ab\t ^? 
?+s :i* are = ! welf>e ( ! ,/ate1  & !y 
*oose ! magi/rates f among ^? :o h      
already be5  nam$ 9 ! great ,c\ncil4 ,9 
?is mann] !y assemble daily1 ,hoh &  8  
?ree pr9ces1 & !y correct1 confirm1 &   
execute ! matt]s  pass+ to !m1 z        
decisions 9 ! elections2 o!r necess>y   
que/ions !y provide ( !mselves4 ,!y d n 
use lots unless :5  !y are altoge!r     
d\btful h[ to decide4 ,! eight          
magi/rates "u  ,hoh1 ,p[]1 ,wisdom1 &   
,love are *ang$ accord+ to ! wi% (  ! p1
 b ! fir/ f\r are nev] *ang$1 unless !y1
 tak+  c\nsel ) !mselves1 give up !     
dignity ( "o to ano!r1 :om  among !m !y 
"k to be wis]1 m r5[n$1 & m ne>ly       
p]fect4 ,& !n !y are ob$i5t & honorable1
 s9ce !y yield  will+ly to ! wis] man & 
are taught by him4 ,?is1 h[ev]1 r>ely   

happ5s4 ,! pr9cipals ( ! sci5ces1 except
 ,metaphysic1 :o is ,hoh  himself1 & is1
 z x 71 ! ar*itect ( all sci5ce1 hav+   
rule  ov] all1 are atta*$ to ,wisdom4   
,hoh is a%am$ to be ignorant ( any      
possible ?+4 ,"u ,wisdom !re=e are      
,gramm>1 ,logic1 ,physics1  ,m$ic9e1    
,a/rology1 ,a/ronomy1 ,geometry1        
,cosmography1 ,music1  ,p]spective1     
,ari?metic1 ,poetry1 ,rhetoric1 ,pa9t+1 
,sculpture4 ,"u  ! triumvir ,love are   
,bre$+1 ,agriculture1 ,education1       
,m$ic9e1  ,clo?+1 ,pa/urage1 ,co9+4     
,g4,m4 ,:at ab\t _! judges8      ,capt4 
,?is is ! po9t ,i 0 j ?9k+ ( expla9+4   
,ev]yone  is judg$ by ! fir/ ma/] ( 8   
trade1 & ?us all ! head  artific]s are  
judges4 ,!y puni% ) exile1 ) flogg+1 )  
blame1 ) deprivation ( ! common table1 )
 exclusion f !  *ur* & f ! company (    
wom54 ,:5 !re is a case 9 :i*  great    
injury has be5 done1 x is puni%$ ) dea?1
 & !y repay  an eye ) an eye1 a nose = a
 nose1 a too? = a too?1 & s  on1 accord+
 to ! law ( retaliation4 ,if ! (f5ce is 

wilful !  ,c\ncil decides4 ,:5 !re is   
/rife & x takes place undesign$ly1  !   
s5t5ce is mitigat$2 nev]!less1 n by !   
judge b by !  triumvirate1 f :om ev5 x  
may be ref]r$ to ,hoh1 n on acc\nt (    
ju/ice b ( m]cy1 = ,hoh is able to      
p>don4 ,!y h no prisons1  except "o t[] 
= %utt+ up rebelli\s enemies1 & !re is  
no  writt5 /atem5t ( a case1 :i* we     
commonly call a lawsuit4 ,b !           
accusation & witnesses are produc$ 9 !  
pres5ce ( ! judge  & ,p[]2 ! accus$     
p]son makes 8 def5ce1 & he is imm$iately
  acquitt$ or condemn$ by ! judge2 & if 
he appeals to !  triumvirate1 on !      
foll[+ day he is acquitt$ or condemn$4  
,on !  ?ird day he is dismiss$ ?r\gh !  
m]cy & clem5cy ( ,hoh1 or  receives !   
inviolable rigor ( 8 s5t5ce4 ,an accus$ 
p]son is  reconcil$ to 8 accus] & to 8  
witnesses1 z x 71 ) !  m$ic9e ( 8       
compla9t1 t is1 ) embrac+ & kiss+4      
,no "o is kill$ or /on$ unless by ! h&s 
( ! p1 !  accus] & ! witnesses beg9n+   
fir/4 ,= !y h no execution]s  & lictors1

 le/ ! ,/ate %\ld s9k into ru94 ,! *oice
 ( dea?  is giv5 to ! re/ ( ! p1 :o     
enclose ! lifeless rema9s 9  little bags
 & burn !m by ! application ( fire1 :ile
 exhort]s  are pres5t = ! purpose (     
advis+ conc]n+ a good dea?4  ,nev]!less1
 ! :ole nation lam5ts & besee*es ,god t 
8 ang]  may be appeas$1 be+ 9 grief t x 
%\ld1 z x 71 h to cut  (f a rott5 memb] 
( ! ,/ate4 ,c]ta9 (fic]s talk to &      
conv9ce  ! accus$ man by means (        
argum5ts until he himself acquiesces 9  
! s5t5ce ( dea? pass$ ^u him1 or else he
 does n die4 ,b if a  crime has be5     
committ$ aga9/ ! lib]ty ( ! republic1 or
 aga9/  ,god1 or aga9/ ! supreme        
magi/rates1 !re is imm$iate c5sure  )\t 
pity4 ,^! only are puni%$ ) dea?4 ,he :o
 is ab\t to die  is compell$ to /ate 9 !
 pres5ce ( ! p & ) religi\s             
scrupul\sness ! reasons = :i* he does n 
des]ve dea?1 & also  ! s9s ( ! o!rs :o  
ought to die in/ead ( him1 & fur!r !    
mi/akes ( ! magi/rates4 ,if1 moreov]1 x 
%\ld seem "r to !  p]son ?us ass]t+1 he 

mu/ say :y ! accus$ ones are des]v+ (   
less puni%m5t ?an he4 ,& if by 8        
argum5ts he ga9s ! victory  he is s5t   
into exile1 & appeases ! ,/ate by means 
( pray]s &  sacrifices & good life      
ensu+4 ,!y d n torture ^? nam$ by !     
accus$ p]son1 b !y w>n !m4 ,s9s (       
frailty & ignorance are  puni%$ only )  
blam+1 & ) compulsory cont9uation z     
le>n]s  "u ! law & discipl9e ( ^?       
sci5ces or arts aga9/ :i*  !y h s9n$4 ,&
 all ^! ?+s !y h mutually among         
!mselves1 s9ce !y seem to be 9 v tru?   
memb]s ( ! same  body1 & "o ( ano!r4    
,?is fur!r ,i w\ld h y "k1 t if a       
transgressor1 )\t  wait+ to be accus$1  
goes ( 8 own accord be=e a magi/rate1   
accus+ himself & seek+ to make am5ds1 t 
"o is lib]at$ f  ! puni%m5t ( a secret  
crime1 & s9ce he has n be5 accus$ (  su*
 a crime1 8 puni%m5t is *ang$ into      
ano!r4 ,!y take special  c>e t no "o    
%\ld inv5t sl&]1 & if ?is %\ld happ5 !y 
meet ! (f5ce ) ! puni%m5t ( retaliation4
 ,s9ce !y always  walk ab\t & "w 9      

cr[ds1 five witnesses are requir$ = !   
conviction ( a transgressor4 ,if ! case 
is o!rwise1 aft] hav+  ?reat5$ him1 he  
is releas$ aft] he has sworn an oa? z ! 
w>rant ( good conduct4 ,or if he is     
accus$ a second or ?ird "t1 8  increas$ 
puni%m5t re/s on ! te/imony ( ?ree or   
two witnesses4  ,!y h b few laws1 & ^!  
%ort & pla91 & writt5 ^u a  flat table &
 hang+ to ! doors ( ! temple1 t is      
betwe5  ! columns4 ,& on s+le columns c 
be se5 ! ess5ces ( ?+s  describ$ 9 ! v  
t]se /yle ( ,metaphysic--viz41 ! ess5ces
  ( ,god1 ( ! angels1 ( ! _w1 ( ! />s1 (
 man1 ( fate1 (  virtue1 all done )     
great wisdom4 ,! def9itions ( all !     
virtues  are also del9eat$ "h1 & "h is !
 tribunal1 :]e ! judges (  all ! virtues
 h _! seat4 ,! def9ition ( a c]ta9      
virtue is  writt5 "u t column :]e !     
judges = ! a=esaid virtue sit1  & :5 a  
judge gives judgm5t he sits & speaks    
?us3 ,o son1 ?\  ha/ s9n$ aga9/ ?is     
sacr$ def9ition ( b5efic5ce1 or (       
magnanimity1 or ( ano!r virtue1 z ! case

 may be4 ,& aft]  discussion ! judge    
legally condemns him to ! puni%m5t = !  
crime ( :i* he is accus$--viz41 =       
injury1 = despond5cy1 =  pride1 =       
+ratitude1 = slo?1 etc4 ,b ! s5t5ces are
 c]ta9  & true correctives1 savor+ m (  
clem5cy ?an ( actual  puni%m5t4         
,g4,m4 ,n[ y ought to tell me ab\t _!   
prie/s1 _! sacrifices1  _! religion1 &  
_! belief4      ,capt4 ,! *ief prie/ is 
,hoh1 & x is ! duty ( all ! sup]ior     
magi/rates to p>don s9s4 ,!re=e ! :ole  
,/ate by secret  confession1 :i* we also
 use1 tell _! s9s to ! magi/rates1  :o  
at once purge _! s\ls & tea* ^? t are   
inimical to  ! p4 ,!n ! sacr$ magi/rates
 !mselves confess _! own  s9fulness to !
 ?ree supreme *iefs1 & toge!r !y confess
 !  faults ( "o ano!r1 ?\gh no special  
"o is nam$1 & !y confess  especially !  
heavi] faults & ^? h>mful to ! ,/ate4   
,at l5g?  ! triumvirs confess _!        
s9fulness to ,hoh himself1 :o =?)       
recognizes ! k9ds ( s9s t are h>mful to 
! ,/ate1 & succors  ) timely rem$ies4   

,!n he (f]s sacrifices & pray]s to ,god4
 ,&  be=e ?is he confesses ! s9s ( !    
:ole p1 9 ! pres5ce  ( ,god1 & publicly 
9 ! temple1 above ! alt>1 z (t5 z x  _h 
be5 necess>y t ! fault %\ld be correct$4
 ,nev]!less1 no  transgressor is spok5 (
 by 8 "n4 ,9 ?is mann] he absolves !  p 
by advis+ !m t !y %\ld bew>e ( s9s ( !  
a=esaid  k9d4 ,aft]w>d he (f]s sacrifice
 to ,god1 t he %\ld p>don !  ,/ate &    
absolve x ( its s9s1 & to tea* & def5d  
x4 ,once 9  e ye> ! *ief prie/s ( ea*   
sep>ate subord9ate ,/ate confess  _! s9s
 9 ! pres5ce ( ,hoh4 ,?us he is n       
ignorant ( !  wrongdo+s ( ! prov9ces1 & 
=?) he removes !m ) all  human & heav5ly
 rem$ies4    ,sacrifice is conduct$ aft]
 ! foll[+ mann]3 ,hoh asks ! p  :i* "o  
among !m wi%es to give himself z a      
sacrifice to ,god =  ! sake ( 8 fell[s4 
,he is !n plac$ ^u ! f\r? table1 )      
c]emonies & ! (f]+ up ( pray]s3 ! table 
is hung up 9  a wond]ful mann] by means 
( f\r ropes pass+ ?r\gh f\r cords       
atta*$ to firm pulley-blocks 9 ! small  

dome ( ! temple4 ,?is  done !y cry to ! 
,god ( m]cy1 t he may accept ! (f]+1 n  
( a bea/ z among ! hea!n1 b ( a human   
be+4 ,!n ,hoh ord]s  ! ropes to be drawn
 & ! sacrifice is pull$ up above to !   
c5tre  ( ! small dome1 & !re x d$icates 
itself ) ! mo/ f]v5t  supplications4    
,food is giv5 to x ?r\gh a w9d[ by !    
prie/s1 :o  live ar\nd ! dome1 b x is   
all[$ a v little to eat1 until x  has   
aton$ = ! s9s ( ! ,/ate4 ,!re ) pray] & 
fa/+ he  cries to ! ,god ( heav5 t he   
might accept its will+ (f]+4  ,& aft]   
tw5ty or ?irty days1 ! ang] ( ,god be+  
appeas$1 !  sacrifice becomes a prie/1  
or sometimes1 ?\gh r>ely1 returns bel[  
by means ( ! out] way = ! prie/s4 ,ev]  
aft]1 ?is man is  treat$ ) great        
b5evol5ce & mu* honor1 = ! reason t he  
(f]$ himself unto dea? = ! sake ( 8     
c\ntry4 ,b ,god does n  require dea?4   
,! prie/s above tw5ty-f\r ye>s ( age (f]
 praises f _!  places 9 ! top ( !       
temple4 ,?is !y d 9 ! middle ( !  night1
 at noon1 9 ! morn+ & 9 ! ev5+1 to wit1 

f\r times a  day !y s+ _! *ants 9 !     
pres5ce ( ,god4 ,x is also _! "w  to    
obs]ve ! />s & to note ) ! a/rolabe _!  
motions &  influ5ces ^u human ?+s1 & to 
f9d out _! p[]s4 ,?us !y  "k 9 :at "p ( 
! e>? any *ange has be5 or w be1 & at   
:at "t x has tak5 place1 & !y s5d to f9d
 :e!r ! matt]  be z !y h x4 ,!y make a  
note ( pr$ictions1 true & false1  s t !y
 may be able f exp]i5ce to pr$ict mo/   
correctly4 ,!  prie/s1 moreov]1 det]m9e 
! h\rs = bre$+ & ! days =  s[+1 reap+1 &
 ga!r+ ! v9tage1 & are1 z x 71 !        
ambassadors & int]cessors & connection  
betwe5 ,god & man4 ,& x  is f among !m  
mo/ly t ,hoh is elect$4 ,!y write v     
le>n$  treatises & se>* into ! sci5ces4 
,bel[ !y nev] desc5d1 unless  = _! d9n] 
& supp]1 s t ! ess5ce ( _! heads d n    
desc5d to ! /oma*s & liv]4 ,only v      
seldom1 & t z a cure  = ! ills (        
solitude1 d !y h conv]se ) wom54 ,on    
c]ta9  days ,hoh goes up to !m &        
delib]ates ) !m conc]n+ !  matt]s :i* he
 has lately inve/igat$ = ! b5efit ( !   

,/ate  & all ! nations ( ! _w4    ,9 !  
temple b5ea?1 "o prie/ always /&s ne> ! 
alt> pray+  = ! p1 & at ! end ( e h\r   
ano!r succe$s him1 j  z we are accu/om$ 
9 solemn pray] to *ange e f\r? h\r4 ,&  
?is me?od ( supplication !y call        
p]petual pray]4 ,aft] a meal  !y return 
?anks to ,god4 ,!n !y s+ ! de$s ( !     
,*ri/ian1  ,jewi%1 & ,g5tile h]oes1 & ( 
^? ( all o!r nations1 & ?is  is v       
delightful to !m4 ,=soo?1 no "o is      
envi\s ( ano!r4  ,!y s+ a hymn to ,love1
 "o to ,wisdom1 & "o ea* to all ! o!r   
virtues1 & ?is !y d "u ! direction ( !  
rul] ( ea*  virtue4 ,ea* "o takes !     
woman he loves mo/1 & !y dance =        
ex]cise ) propriety & /atel9ess "u !    
p]i/yles4 ,! wom5  we> _! long hair all 
twi/$ toge!r & collect$ into "o knot on 
! cr[n ( ! head1 b 9 roll+ x !y leave "o
 curl4 ,! m51  h[ev]1 h "o curl only & !
 re/ ( _! hair ar\nd ! head  is %av5 (f4
 ,fur!r1 !y we> a slight cov]+1 & above 
?is a  r\nd hat a little l>g] ?an ! size
 ( _! head4 ,9 ! fields  !y use caps1 b 

at home ea* "o we>s a biretta1 :ite1 r$1
 or  ano!r color accord+ to 8 trade or  
occupation4 ,moreov]1 !  magi/rates use 
gr&] & m impos+-look+ cov]+s = !  head4 
,!y hold great fe/ivities :5 ! sun ent]s
 ! f\r c>d9al po9ts  ( ! heav5s1 t is1  
:5 he ent]s ,canc]1 ,libra1 ,capricorn1 
&  ,aries4 ,on ^! occasions !y h v      
le>n$1 spl5did1 &1 z x  71 comic        
p]=mances4 ,!y celebrate also e full & e
 new  moon ) a fe/ival1 z also !y d !   
anniv]s>ies ( ! f\nd+  ( ! city1 & ( !  
days :5 !y h won victories or done any  
o!r great a*ievem5t4 ,! celebrations    
take place ) ! music (  female voices1 )
 ! noise ( trumpets & drums1 & ! fir+ ( 
salutations4 ,! poets s+ ! praises ( !  
mo/ r5[n$ lead]s  & ! victories4        
,nev]!less1 if any ( !m %\ld deceive ev5
  by disp>ag+ a =eign h]o1 he is puni%$4
 ,no "o c ex]cise !  function ( a poet  
:o inv5ts t :i* is n true1 & a lic5se  l
 ?is !y ?9k to be a pe/ ( our _w1 = !   
reason t x  puts a premium ^u virtue &  
(t5 assigns x to unwor?y p]sons1  ei!r f

 fe> ( flatt]y1 or ambition1 or av>ice4 
,= ! praise ( no "o is a /atue erect$   
until aft] 8 dea?2 b  :ile he is alive1 
:o has f\nd out new arts & v useful     
secrets1  or :o has r5d]$ great s]vice  
to ! ,/ate ei!r at home or on !         
battle-field1 8 "n is writt5 9 ! book ( 
h]oes4 ,!y d n  bury dead bodies1 b burn
 !m1 s t a plague may n arise f  !m1 & s
 t !y may be conv]t$ into fire1 a v     
noble &  p[]ful ?+1 :i* has its com+ f !
 sun & returns to x4 ,&  = ! above      
reasons no *ance is giv5 = idolatry4 ,! 
/atues &  pictures ( ! h]oes1 h[ev]1 are
 !re1 & ! spl5did wom5 set  ap>t to     
become mo!rs (t5 look at !m4 ,pray]s are
 made f !  ,/ate to ! f\r horizontal    
corn]s ( ! _w--9 ! morn+ to !  ris+ sun1
 !n to ! sett+ sun1 !n to ! s\?1 & la/ly
  to ! nor?2 & 9 ! contr>y ord] 9 !     
ev5+1 fir/ to !  sett+ sun1 to ! ris+   
sun1 to ! nor?1 & at l5g? to !  s\?4 ,!y
 repeat b "o pray]1 :i* asks = heal? (  
body & (  m9d1 & happ9ess = !mselves &  
all p1 & !y conclude x  ) ! petition ,z 

x seems be/ to ,god4 ,! public pray] =  
all  is long1 & x is p\r$ =? to heav54  
,= ?is reason ! alt> is  r\nd & is      
divid$ crosswise by ways at "r angles to
 "o ano!r4  ,by ^! ways ,hoh ent]s aft] 
he has repeat$ ! f\r pray]s1 & he  prays
 look+ up to heav54 ,& !n a great my/]y 
is se5 by !m4  ,! prie/ly ve/m5ts are ( 
a beauty & mean+ l to ^? (  ,a>on4 ,!y  
resemble nature & !y surpass ,art4      
,!y divide ! seasons accord+ to !       
revolution ( ! sun1 & n  ( ! />s1 & !y  
obs]ve ye>ly by h[ mu* "t ! "o prec$es  
! o!r4 ,!y hold t ! sun approa*es ne>] &
 ne>]1 &  !re=e by ev]-less5+ circles   
rea*es ! tropics & ! equator  e ye> a   
little soon]4 ,!y measure mon?s by !    
c\rse ( !  moon1 ye>s by t ( ! sun4 ,!y 
praise ,ptolemy1 admire ,cop]nicus1  b  
place ,ari/>*us & ,philolaus be=e him4  
,!y take great pa9s 9  endeavor+ to     
und]/& ! con/ruction ( ! _w1 & :e!r or  
n x w p]i%1 & at :at "t4 ,!y believe t !
 true oracle  ( ,jesus ,*ri/ is by !    
signs 9 ! sun1 9 ! moon1 & 9 !  />s1 :i*

 signs d n ?us appe> to _m ( u fooli%   
ones4  ,!re=e !y wait = ! r5ew+ ( ! age1
 & p]*ance = its  end4    ,!y say t x is
 v d\btful :e!r ! _w 0 made f  no?+1 or 
f ! ru9s ( o!r worlds1 or f *aos1 b !y  
c]ta9ly ?9k t x 0 made1 & did n exi/ f  
et]nity4  ,!re=e !y disbelieve 9        
,ari/otle1 :om !y consid] a logican &  n
 a philosoph]4 ,f analogies1 !y c draw  
_m argum5ts aga9/  ! et]nity ( ! _w4 ,! 
sun & ! />s !y1 s to speak1  reg>d z !  
liv+ repres5tatives & signs ( ,god1 z ! 
temples  & holy liv+ alt>s1 & !y honor b
 d n wor%ip !m4 ,beyond  all o!r ?+s !y 
v5]ate ! sun1 b !y consid] no creat$  ?+
 wor?y ! adoration ( wor%ip4 ,?is !y    
give to ,god alone1 &  ?us !y s]ve ,him1
 t !y may n come into ! p[] ( a tyrant  
& fall into mis]y by und]go+ puni%m5t by
 creatures ( rev5ge4  ,!y contemplate & 
"k ,god "u ! image ( ! ,sun1 & !y call  
x ! sign ( ,god1 ,8 face & liv+ image1  
by means ( :i* light1  heat1 life1 & !  
mak+ ( all ?+s good & bad proce$4 ,!re=e
  !y h built an alt> l to ! sun 9 %ape1 

& ! prie/s  praise ,god 9 ! sun & 9 !   
/>s1 z x 7 ,8 alt>s1 & 9  ! heav5s1 ,8  
temple z x 72 & !y pray to good angels1 
:o  are1 s to speak1 ! int]cessors liv+ 
9 ! />s1 _! /rong  abodes4 ,= ,god long 
s9ce set signs ( _! beauty 9 heav51 & ( 
,8 glory 9 ! sun4 ,!y say !re is b "o   
heav51 & t !  planets move & rise (     
!mselves :5 !y approa* ! sun or are 9   
conjunction ) x4    ,!y ass]t two       
pr9ciples ( ! physics ( ?+s bel[1       
namely1 t  ! sun is ! fa!r1 & ! e>? !   
"m2 ! air is an impure  "p ( ! heav5s2  
all fire is d]iv$ f ! sun4 ,! sea is !  
sweat ( e>?1 or ! fluid ( e>? combu/$1 &
 fus$ )9 its  b[els1 b is ! bond ( union
 betwe5 air & e>?1 z ! blood is  ( ! _s 
& fle% ( animals4 ,! _w is a great      
animal1 & we  live )9 x z worms live )9 
u4 ,!re=e we d n belong to  ! sy/em (   
/>s1 sun1 & e>?1 b to ,god only2 = 9    
respect  to !m :i* seek only to amplify 
!mselves1 we are born & live by  *ance2 
b 9 respect to ,god1 ^: in/rum5ts we    
are1 we are =m$  by presci5ce & design1 

& = a high end4 ,!re=e we are b\nd to   
no fa!r b ,god1 & receive all ?+s f     
,him4 ,!y hold z beyond  "q !           
immortality ( s\ls1 & t ^! associate )  
good  angels aft] dea?1 or ) bad angels1
 accord+ z !y h lik5$  !mselves 9 ?is   
life to ei!r4 ,= all ?+s seek _! l4 ,!y 
diff] little f u z to places ( rew>d &  
puni%m5t4 ,!y are 9  d\bt :e!r !re are  
o!r worlds beyond ours1 & acc\nt x      
madness  to say !re is no?+4 ,non5tity  
is incompatible ) ! inf9ite  entity (   
,god4 ,!y lay d[n two pr9ciples (       
metaphysics1 entity :i*  is ! highe/    
,god1 & no?+ness :i* is ! defect (      
entity4 ,evil  & s9 come ( ! prop5sity  
to no?+ness2 ! s9 hav+ its cause  n     
effici5t1 b 9 defici5cy4 ,defici5cy is1 
!y say1 ( p[]1  wisdom1 or w4 ,s9 !y    
place 9 ! la/ ( ^! ?ree1 because he  :o 
kn[s & has ! p[] to d good is b\nd also 
to h ! w1  = w arises out ( !m4 ,!y     
wor%ip ,god 9 tr9ity1 say+ ,god is  !   
,supreme ,p[]1 :5ce proce$s ! highe/    
,wisdom1 :i* is ! same  ) ,god1 & f ^!  

comes ,love1 :i* is bo? p[] & wisdom2 b 
!y d n di/+ui% p]sons by "n1 z 9 our    
,*ri/ian law1 :i*  has n be5 reveal$ to 
!m4 ,?is religion1 :5 its abuses h be5  
remov$1 w be ! future mi/ress ( ! _w1 z 
great !ologians  tea* & hope4 ,!re=e    
,spa9 f\nd ! ,new ,_w 7?\gh its fir/    
discov]]1 ,columbus1 greate/ ( h]oes1 0 
a ,g5oese71 t all  nations %\ld be ga!r$
 "u "o law4 ,we "k n :at we d1 b  ,god  
kn[s1 ^: in/rum5ts we are4 ,!y s\ght new
 regions = lu/ (  gold & ri*es1 b ,god  
works to a high] end4 ,! sun /rives to  
burn  up ! e>?1 n to produce plants &   
m51 b ,god guides ! battle  to great    
issues4 ,8 ! praise1 to ,him ! glory6   
,g4,m4 ,oh1 if y knew :at our a/rolog]s 
say ( ! com+ age1 & (  our age1 t has 9 
x m hi/ory )9 #ajj ye>s ?an all ! _w  _h
 9 #d1jjj ye>s be=e6 ( ! wond]ful       
inv5tions ( pr9t+ &  guns1 & ! use ( !  
magnet1 & h[ x all comes ( ,m]cury1     
,m>s1  ! ,moon1 & ! ,scorpion6          
,capt4 ,ah1 well6 ,god gives all 9 ,8   
good "t4 ,!y a/rologize too  mu*4       

7#a7 ,a pace 0 #a-i_/be y>d1 #a1jjj     
paces mak+ a mile