,illu/ration3 ,a ,,holy ,,man ,,( ,,india ,,india ,,its ,,life ,,& ,,?\ght ,,by ,,john ,p4 ,,jones1 ,d4,d4 ,,s\? ,,india ,,au?or ,,( ,,india',s ,,problem1 ,,kri%na ,,or ,,*ri/1 ,,etc41 ,,etc4 ,new ,york ,,! ,,macmillan ,,company #aijh ,,copyright1 #aijh1 ,,by ,,! ,,macmillan ,,company4 99 99 99 99 99 ,d$icat$ ,,to ,,my ,,de> ,,*ildr5 ,,:o ,,h ,,bravely ,,& ,,*e]fully ,,endur$ ,,! ,,sep>ation ,,& ,,! ,,loss ,,( ,,home ,,= ,,! ,,sake ,,( ,,india 99 99 99 99 99 ,,preface ,to ! p ( ! ,we/1 ! inhabitants ( ,india are ! lea/ und]/ood & ! mo/ easily misund]/ood ( all m54 ,x is p>tly because !y are antipodal to ! ,we/--! f>!/ remov$ 9 ?\ght & life4 ,!y are also ! mo/ secretive1 & f9d p]5nial delight 9 concealm5t & evasion4 ,accord+ to ,h9du tea*+1 ! ,supreme ,_s =ev] sports 9 illusion4 ,x cont9u\sly manife/s itself ?r\gh unreal & false =ms1 :i* delude & lead a/ray ignorant man4 ,9 h>mony ) ?is philosophy ( ! ,div9e--& may x n be z a result ( x8--! p ( ,india too (t5 delight 9 unreal & deceptive exhibitions ( !mselves4 ,at any rate1 x is exce$+ly difficult = a man ( ! ,we/1 especially he ( ! ,anglo-,saxon type1 to appreh5d ! full significance & ! correct drift ( life & ?\ght ( ?is l&4 ,x is amus+1 :5 n disc\rag+1 to witness travell]s1 :o h ru%$ ?r\gh ,india 9 a w9t] t\r1 publi% volumes ( _! misconceptions & ill-dige/$ !ories ab\t ! p ) an oracul> emphasis :i* is equall$ only by _! ignorance4 ,! au?or ( ?is book makes no claim to a "r to speak ex ca!dra ^u ?is subject4 ,nev]!less1 ?irty ye>s ( matur$ exp]i5ce 9 ?is l&1 liv+ 9 con/ant t\* ) ! p & /udy+ ) eag]ness _! life & ?\ght1 gives him an humble claim to speak once m ^u ! subject4 ,ev5 n[1 h[ev]1 8 pride ( k is *a/5$ by ! (t-recurr+ surprises :i* ! ,ori5tal nature & life /ill br+ to him4 ,& he does n cease to pray1 ) a we/]n sa9t1 :o1 at ! end ( a half c5tury ( "w = ! p ( ,india1 daily cri$ out1-- ,o ,"l1 help me to "k ^! p & to come into intimate relations ( life ) !m6 ,if1 9 ^! pages1 he c help o!rs ( ! ,we/ to come face to face ) ! imm5se & intricate problems :i* confront all :o desire to "k1 to help1 & to bless ,india1 & %all enable !m to und]/& bett] ! conditions & *>act]i/ics ( life 9 ! ,l& ( ! ,v$as1 he w feel amply repaid = 8 lab\rs4 ,i express my deep gratitude to ! ,rev4 ,j4 ,l4 ,b>ton1 ,d4,d41 = 8 k9d enc\ragem5t 9 ! publi%+ ( ?is book2 & also to ! ,rev4 ,w4 ,w4 ,wallace1 ,m4,a41 = 8 g5]\s aid 9 ! pro(-read+4 ,j4 ,p4 ,,jones4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,cont5ts ,,*apt] ,i4 ,,india',s ,,unre/ i4 ,ext5t ( ! ,movem5t ii4 ,causes ( ,unre/ iii4 ,conditions ( ,unre/ iv4 ,results v4 ,h[ %all ! ,unre/ be ,remov$ ,,ii4 ,,! ,,home ,,( ,,_m ,,fai?s ,h9duism--,madura & ,b5>es ,demonolatry--,madura ,*ri/ianity--,travancore & ,co*9 ,judaism--,co*9 ,p>seeism--,bombay ,ja9ism--,bombay ,mohamm$anism--,agra & ,delhi ,buddhism--,delhi1 ,s>na? ,sikhism--,amrits> ,,iii4 ,,burma1 ,,! ,,beautiful ,! ,ext5t ( ! ,briti% ,empire ,burma's ,triple ,produce ,! ,l& ( ,pagodas ,m&alay ,a ,l& :]e ,woman is ,hon\r$ ,a ,l& :]e ,ca/e is ,unkn[n ,! ,am]ican ,bapti/ ,mission ,! ,k>5s & _! ,conv]sion ,ko ,san ,ye ,,iv4 ,,! ,,h9du ,,ca/e ,,sy/em ,:at is ,ca/e i4 ,orig9 ( ,ca/e 7a7 ,religi\s ,!ory 7b7 ,tribal ,!ory 7c7 ,social ,!ory 7d7 ,occupational ,!ory 7e7 ,cross+ ,!ory ii4 ,*>act]i/ics ( ,ca/e ,int]m>riage ,int]-d9+ ,contact ,occupation iii4 ,p5alties ( ,ca/e ,boycott ,ca/e ,s]vants ,int]dict$ ,dome/ic ,isolation ,prayas*itta4 7,travell+7 ,v4 ,,! ,,h9du ,,ca/e ,,sy/em 7,cont9u$7 iv4 ,occasions ( ,puni%m5t ,*ange ( ,fai? ,m>ry+ a ,wid[ ,beef-eat+ ,(ficiat+ z ,prie/ to ,outca/s ,m>ry+ outside ( ,"o's ,ca/e v4 ,! ,results ( ! ,ca/e ,sy/em ,possibilities ( ,good ,x arrays ,ca/e aga9/ ,ca/e ,x n>r[s ! ,sympa?ies ,x degrades ,manual ,lab\r ,x opposes ,comm]ce ,a ,foe to ,nationality ,a ,foe to ,individualism ,x is ,une?ical vi4 ,! ,dom9ance ( ,ca/e ,se5 ev5 among ,*ri/ians ,roman ,ca?olicism & ,prote/antism ,signs ( its ,decad5ce ,oppos$ by ,we/]n ,progress ,gov]nm5t ,opposition ,*ri/ianity its ,foe ,,vi4 ,,! ,,bhagavad ,,gita--,,! ,,h9du ,,bible i4 ,:at is ?is ,song ii4 ,:at are its ,purposes & ,cont5ts #a4 ,its ,tea*+ conc]n+ ,god ,inc>nation #b4 ,! ,doctr9e ( ! ,liv+ ,s\l #c4 ,! ,doctr9e ( ,lib]ation 7#a7 ,?r\gh ,k 7#b7 ,?r\gh ,asceticism 7#c7 ,?r\gh ,works ,ca/e ,deta*m5t ,bhakti 7#d7 ,altruism4 #d4 ,! ,doctr9e ( ,salvation ,re9c>nation iii4 ,conclusion ,,vii4 ,,popul> ,,h9duism i4 ,! ,high] ,fai? ,! ,evolution ( ,fai? ii4 ,popul> ,h9duism #a4 ,ca/e #b4 ,poly!ism #c4 ,idolatry #d4 ,devil-wor%ip #e4 ,feti*ism #f4 ,immorality #g4 ,treatm5t ( ,woman #h4 ,! ,h9du ,ascetic #i4 ,h9du ,pessimism #aj4 ,a/rology ,,viii4 ,,h9du ,,religi\s ,,ideals i4 ,! ,ideal ( ,god ii4 ,ideal ( ,inc>nation iii4 ,ideals ( ,life ,asceticism ,c]emonialism ,quietism iv4 ,ultimate ,salvation ,transmigration ,absorption ,,ix4 ,,! ,,home ,,life ,,( ,,h9dus ,! ,home ,sanctu>y ,! ,build+ ( ! ,h\se ,! ,jo9t ,family ,sy/em ,prie/ & ,a/rolog] ,place ( ,woman 9 ! ,home ,! ,devotion ( ,woman ,! ,influ5ce ( ,woman ,m>riage 9 ! ,home ,! ,h9du ,wid[ ,"m-9-law & ,daught]-9-law ,love ( ,jewell]y ,clo?+ & ,cuis9e ,sickness & ,dea? ,fun]al ,obsequies ,%radda ,x4 ,,kali ,,yuga--,,india',s ,,pessimism i4 ,! ,a/\nd+ ,l5g? ( ! ,*ronological ,sy/em ,hi/ory & ,leg5d 9 ,india ii4 ,! ,cyclic ,"* ( ,h9du ,*ronology ,no ,progress 9 ,"t ,! ,s\rce ( ,pessimism iii4 ,! ,moral ,*>act]i/ics ( ! ,"t ,sy/em ,e ,yuga has its ,own ,"* ,! ,evil ,"* ( ,kali ,cui ,bono ,a/rology ,lucky ,days ,,xi4 ,,islam ,,9 ,,india i4 ,! ,hi/ory ( ,islam 9 ,india ii4 ,! ,pres5t ,condition ( ?is ,fai? 9 ,india ,ill-adapt$ to ,india ,its ,conception ( ,deity ,intol]ance & ,tol]ance ,contact ) ,h9duism ,compromise ,islam's ,attempt at ,re=m ,islam's ,r$eem+ ,qualities ,muslim ,sects iii4 ,! ,mohamm$an ,population iv4 ,*ri/ian ,ef=t = ! ,mussulman ,,xii4 ,,! ,,*ri/ ,,& ,,! ,,buddha i4 ,! ,conditions ( _! ,lives ii4 ,! ,common ,pr9ciples :i* controll$ ,!m ,s9c]ity ,e?ics ,univ]sal ,*>ity iii4 ,! ,tea*+s :i* diff]5tiate ,!m #a4 ,tea*+ conc]n+ ,god #b4 ,_! ,conceptions ( ,human ,life #c4 ,_! ,ideals ( ,life ,"* & ,wisdom ,f9al ,consummation ,,xiii4 ,,mod]n ,,religi\s ,,movem5t ,h9du ,re=m]s i4 ,h9du ,sects ii4 ,mod]n ,movem5ts ,ram ,mohan ,roy ,brahmo ,somaj ,*und] ,s5 ,a?i ,somaj ,sadh>na ,somaj ,new ,disp5sation iii4 ,progress ( ! ,movem5t ,weak 9 ,numb]s ,indian ,_s ,*ri/ian ,basis ,! ,ori5tal ,*ri/ ,*und] ,s5's ,words4 ,o!r ,te/imony ,! ,new ,disp5sation iv4 ,! ,arya ,somaj ,its ,progress ,its ,pr9ciples ,its ,antagonism to ,*ri/ianity v4 ,! ,!osophical ,society ,its ,reaction>y ,_s ,mrs4 ,besant ,! ,ma/]s ,,xiv4 ,,! ,,progress ,,( ,,*ri/ianity ,,9 ,,india i4 ,e>ly ,hi/ory ( ,*ri/ianity ,conv]ts ,! ,"* ( ! ,*ri/ian ,community ,influ5ce ( ,*ri/ianity ,swade%a ,prote/ant ,ef=t ii4 ,ultimate ,triumph ( ,*ri/ianity ,n ! ,we/]n ,type ,! ,k+dom ( ,god iii4 ,a ,conque/ ( ! ,_s #a4 ,conque/ ( ,pr9ciples #b4 ,conque/ ( ! ,*ri/ ,ideal #c4 ,conque/ ( ! ,inc>nation ( ,*ri/ #d4 ,conque/ ( ! ,cross ( ,*ri/ #e4 ,conque/ ( ! ,*ri/ian ,conception ( ,s9 ,,index 99 99 99 99 99 ,,li/ ,,( ,,illu/rations ,a ,,holy ,,man ,,( ,,india ,frontispiece ,,! ,,gold5 ,,lily ,,tank ,,9 ,,! ,,madura ,,temple ,,taj ,,mahal1 ,,agra ,,m>ble ,,scre5 ,,9 ,,taj ,,mahal ,,%ah ,,jehan',s ,,=t1 ,,agra ,,akb>',s ,,tomb ,,kutab-,,m9>1 ,,delhi ,,ca%m]e ,,gate1 ,,delhi ,,s*wey ,,dagon ,,pagoda1 ,,rangoon ,,!ebaw',s ,,palace1 ,,m&alay ,,jungle ,,p ,,( ,,india ,a ,,dravidian ,,%r9e1 ,,s\? ,,india ,,two ,,h9du ,,idols1 ,,s\? ,,india ,,humayan',s ,,tomb1 ,,delhi ,,! ,,greate/ ,,image ,,( ,,buddha ,a ,,*ri/ian ,,village ,,s*ool ,,9 ,,s\? ,,india 99 99 99 99 99 ,,india3 ,,its ,,life ,,& ,,?\ght ,,*apt] ,i ,,india',s ,,unre/ ,india has be5 call$ ! l& ( quiet repose1 cont5t to rema9 an*or$ to ! ho>y pa/1 & pr\d ( h] immobility4 ,invasion aft] invasion has swept ov] h]2 b-- ,! ,ea/ b[$ l[ be=e ! bla/1 ,9 pati5t1 deep disda92 ,%e let ! legions ?und] pa/1 ,& plung$ 9 ?\ght aga94 ,yet ?is same ,india is n[ ?robb+ ) discont5t1 & is brea?+1 9 all dep>tm5ts ( h] life1 a deep _s ( unre/4 ,?is _s has rec5tly become acute & seem$1 = a :ile1 9 dang] ( bur/+ into op5 rebellion1 n unlike ! ,mut9y ( half a c5tury ago4 ,i ,?is movem5t is b a "p ( ! new awak5+ ( ! ,ea/4 ,! _w has se5 its m>vell\sly rapid developm5t & fruitage 9 ,japan4 ,x is witness+ ! same process 9 ,*9a & ,korea4 ,! p ( ,india1 likewise1 h be5 t\*$ by its p[] & are no long] will+ to re/ cont5t$ly z a subject p or a /agnant race4 ,?is movem5t is n only political1 x p]meates e dep>tm5t ( life2 & x p>takes ( ! g5]al unre/ :i* has tak5 possession ( all ! civiliz$ nations ( ! e>?4 ,x is really ! dawn+ ( ,india's consci\sness ( /r5g? & ( a purpose to take h] place1 & to play a wor?y "p1 9 ! great _w drama4 ,?is _s f\nd its inc>nation & w>me/ expression 9 ! opposition to ! gov]nm5t s*eme1 two ye>s ago1 "u ,"l ,curzon1 = ! p>tition ( ,b5gal4 ,! ,b5galees ke5ly res5t$ ! division ( _! ,prov9ce2 = x robb$ ! clev] ,babu ( _m ( ! plums ( (fice4 ,he petition$1 & fom5t$ agitation & opposition to ! s*eme4 ,!n1 9 8 spite aga9/ ! gov]nm5t1 he organiz$ a boycott aga9/ all =ms ( =eign indu/ry & comm]ce4 ,?is has be5 conduct$ ) mad disreg>d to ! p's own economic int]e/1 & has1 moreov]1 develop$ into bitt] racial animosity4 ,! ,b5galee has /riv5 h>d to c>ry into o!r ,prov9ces also 8 _s ( antagonism to ! ,/ate4 ,?\gh he has n succe$$ 9 conv9c+ _m o!rs ( ! wisdom ( 8 me?od1 he has spread ! _s ( discont5t & ( dissatisfaction f> beyond 8 own b\nd>y4 ,ev5 sections ( ! l& :i* d5\nce ! boycott z folly1 if n suicide1 h tak5 up ! political slogan ( ! ,babu 7,b&e ,mat>am--,hail1 ,"m67 & are dem&+1 mo/ly 9 in>ticulate spee*1 su* rights & privileges z !y imag9e !mselves to be depriv$ (4 ,! movem5t is1 9 "s respects1 a reaction>y "o2 & race hatr$ is "o ( its mo/ manife/ results4 ,x is n m]ely a ris+ ( ! ,ea/ aga9/ ! ,we/2 x is also a conflict betwe5 ,mohamm$ans & ,h9dus4 ,9 ,ea/]n ,b5gal1 :]e ! ,mussulmans are 9 a l>ge majority1 & :]e ! ,h9dus h become ! mo/ embitt]$1 ! =m] h /ood alo( f ! latt] & h oppos$ ! boycott4 ,?is has l$ to increas+ hatr$ betwe5 ! memb]s ( ^! two fai?s1--a feel+ :i* has spread all ov] ! c\ntry1 & :i* has c>ri$ !m into oppos+ camps4 ,?is is1 9 "o way1 =tunate = ! gov]nm5t1 s9ce x has giv5 rise to def9ite & w>m expressions ( loyalty by ! :ole ,mohamm$an community4 ,disgruntl$ graduates ( ! ,univ]sity & s*ool-boys take ! mo/ prom95t place 9 ?is movem5t4 ,! ,univ]sities annually s5d =? an army ( m5 suppli$ ) degrees--la/ ye> x 0 #aegj ,b4,a4's2 & x is ! conviction ( n9e-t5?s ( !m t x is ! duty ( ! gov]nm5t to give !m employm5t z soon z !y graduate4 ,z ?is is impossible1 _m ( !m nurse _! disappo9tm5t into discont5t & opposition to ! p[]s t be4 ,_m ( !m become dang]\s demagogues & fom5t]s ( s$ition4 ,n a few su* are f\nd 9 e ,prov9ce ( ! c\ntry4 ,& !y f9d 9 ! ,high ,s*ool & ,college /ud5ts ! be/ mat]ial to "w ^u4 ,^! boys h be5 ! mo/ num]\s & excit$ advocates ( ?is movem5t4 ,z 9 ,russia1 s 9 ,india ! educational in/itutions are becom+ ! hotb$s ( dissatisfaction & opposition to ! ,/ate4 ,b !re is ?is diff]5ce4 ,9 ,russia ! ,univ]sity /ud5t is mu* m truly an expon5t ( public s5tim5t1 & m ready to suff] = t s5tim5t1 ?an are ! dep5d5t y\? ( colleges 9 ,india4 ,?is movem5t has n1 to any consid]able ext5t1 rea*$ ! masses4 ,n9e-t5?s ( ! population ( ,india are satisfi$ ) ! gov]nm5t & h no desire to *ange ! pres5t ord] ( ?+s4 ,inde$1 !y are deeply ignorant ( ! grievances :i* ! high] classes nurse into bitt]ness4 ,& yet x %\ld n be =gott5 t ! ignorance ( ! p1 c\pl$ ) _! n>r[ sup]/ition & lively imag9ation1 make !m v inflammable mat]ial "u ! influ5ce ( eloqu5t demagogues4 ,,ii ,"o ( ! mo/ m>k$ causes ( ?is activity & discont5t is ! rec5t victory ( ,japan ov] ,russia4 ,x is h>d = ! ,we/ to realize h[ mu* t ev5t has /irr$ ! imag9ation & quick5$ ! ambition ( all ! p ( ! ,ea/4 ,!y reg>d t w> z ! great conflict ( ! ,ea/ & ! ,we/4 ,india _h n ! slighte/ idea t ,japan w\ld come triumphant out ( t conflict4 ,b ! victory ( ,japan in/antly sugge/$ to all m5 ( culture 9 ,india ! "q1 ,:y %\ld our l& be subject to a f>-(f1 & a small1 we/]n c\ntry8 ,:y %\ld we be cont5t ) our dep5d5ce & n reveal our manhood & our pr[ess1 z ,japan did8 ,^! are inquiries :i* h op5$ up new visions ( p[] & greatness to ! p ( ,india4 ,japan & its p h be5 imm5sely popul> 9 ,india s9ce _! rec5t victory4 ,& ,h9dus believe t ! peace p]fect$ at ,portsm\? 0 ! h>b+] ( a new era ( lib]ty & indep5d5ce = all ! ,ea/4 ,! gr[+ influ5ce ( we/]n education 9 ,india has _h mu* to d ) ! pres5t /ate ( ?+s4 ,x is true t ,india is /ill a l& ( ignorance4 ,x is a lam5table fact t only #a 9 #aj ( ! males & #a 9 #add ( ! females c read4 ,only #bb4f p] c5t ( ! boys ( s*ool-go+ age att5d s*ool1 & only #b4f p] c5t ( ! girls4 ,& yet ! enrolm5t ( m ?an five million s*ol>s 9 ! public s*ools is a significantly hopeful fact z comp>$ ) ! pa/ hi/ory ( ,india4 ,?is education is di/9ctly on we/]n l9es4 ,& connect$ ) ! five ,univ]sities ( ,india !re are _m ?\s&s ( "y m5 & wom5 :o are devot+ !mselves to a deep /udy ( we/]n ?\ght & ( we/]n ideas ( lib]ty4 ,! ,calcutta ,univ]sity alone has1 9 its affiliat$ colleges1 m /ud5ts regi/]$ ?an ,h>v>d1 ,yale1 ,pr9ceton1 & ,toronto comb9$4 ,9 t city1 :i* is ! c5tre ( ! pres5t unre/1 !re are #ab1jjj "y m5 9 ! ,colleges1 & #cj1jjj pupils 9 ! ,high ,s*ools4 ,?is ho/ ( "y m5 & wom5 are imbib+ mod]n ideas ( manl9ess1 indep5d5ce1 & lib]ty su* z ,india nev] knew 9 ! pa/2 & !y g out into ! _w ) new ambitions = _! c\ntry & inspir$ ) n a little div9e unre/4 ,9 close connection ) ?is educational influ5ce is t ( we/]n civilization & ,*ri/ian ideals4 ,! gov]nm5t ( ?is l& is built ^u ,*ri/ian pr9ciples & is animat$ by t _s ( civilization :i* dom9ates ! ,we/4 ,& we "k t ^! make = manhood & indep5d5ce ev]y:]e4 ,x w\ld be a sad ?+ = ,great ,brita91 z x w\ld be = ! ,*ri/ian mission>y 9 ,india1 if ^! l(ty pr9ciples1 :i* !y inculcate1 did n acquire increas+ p[] ov] ^! y\?4 ,& x %\ld n be =gott5 t an increas+ numb] ( ! elect y\? ( ,india g to ,engl& = ! completion ( _! tra9+1 & return well equipp$ ) ,anglo-,saxon ideas ( human rights & ( manhood's claims4 ,nor is ?is m]ely a movem5t ( ! p ( ,india4 ,!re is a /rong body ( ,engli%m51 sev]al ( :om are memb]s ( ,p>liam5t1 b&$ toge!r 9 ,engl&1 = ! purpose ( promot+ ! political influ5ce ( ! p ( ,india 9 ! conduct ( ! affairs ( _! own c\ntry4 ,^! m5 believe t ,india has a "r to a mu* l>g] me$ ( self-gov]nm5t ?an %e n[ enjoys4 ,& !y seize ^u e opportunity to urge ^u ! ,home ,gov]nm5t ! duty ( grant+ add$ p[] to ! p1 & also to advise ! lead]s ( ,indian ?\ght z to _! wise/ me?ods ( proc$ure4 ,!re are n a few radicals 9 ,brita9 :o believe t ,india %\ld gov]n h]self z an indep5d5t colony4 ,& !y r\se )9 ,h9du y\? :o g to ,engl& a radical _s ( discont5t & disloyalty4 ,x 0 only ! o!r day t ,"l ,amp?ill w>n$ ^! m51 because ( ! insidi\s influ5ce :i* !y 7 ex]cis+ = ! ov]?r[ ( ! ,briti% p[] 9 ! ,ea/4 ,! ,national ,congress1 :i* has j rea*$ its majority1 has a pr(\nd influ5ce 9 ! developm5t ( a national consci\sness1 & 9 ! fur!rance ( ! cause ( indep5d5ce & political p[] 9 ! l&4 ,! v exi/5ce ( ?is in/itution is "o ( ! highe/ complim5ts to ,briti% rule 9 ,india4 ,x w\ld be impossible = "o to imag9e ! ,russian gov]nm5t p]mitt+ su* a body ( m5 to ga!r e ye> 9 solemn conclave to devote sev]al days to a vehem5t criticism ( all ! pr9cipal acts ( ! ,/ate1 to give v5t to disloyal s5tim5ts1 & to promote ! _s ( disaffection ?r\gh\t ! c\ntry4 ,?is ,congress has devot$ ne>ly all its "t to a d5unciation ( ! p[]s t be2 & dur+ ^! tw5ty-"o ye>s ! writ] has n se5 "o ^w ( comm5dation or "o vote ( appreciation ( ! ,/ate 9 ! reports ( ! proce$+s ( ! ,congress4 ,& ! dem&s ( ! ,congress1 inspir$ z !y are by ,anglo-,saxon fri5ds 9 ,great ,brita91 are becom+ annually m def9ite & urg5t4 ,until ! meet+ ( #aijf !re 0 no div]g5ce ( s5tim5t among ,congress-wallahs4 ,no diss5ti5t voice or conflict+ op9ions 7 all[$4 ,x is to ! hon\r & highe/ int]e/ ( ! ,congress t ?is /age has n[ be5 pass$ & ! heal?y rivalry ( p>ties is felt & he>d 9 ,congress c\ncils4 ,x is to be regrett$ t at ! la/ ,congress meet+1 9 ,surat1 ^! two p>ties--! ,mod]ates & ! ,extremi/s--came into bitt] conflict4 ,x 0 l>gely due to ! pa/ sup95ess ( ! ,mod]ates :o p]mitt$ ! o!r p>ty 7:i* is a small b noisy m9ority7 to resort to blu/] 9 ord] to =ce _! pet & bitt] s*emes ( disord] ^u ! ,congress4 ,:51 ultimately1 ! ,mod]ates det]m9$ to ex]cise ! rights ( ! majority1 ! o!rs resort$ to =ce & caus$ ! ,congress to be susp5d$ 9 disord]1 ?us reveal+ ! sad spectacle ( ! pres5t incapacity ( ! lead]s ( ! p to gov]n !mselves & ! c\ntry4 ,?is is1 h[ev]1 p]haps ! be/ ?+ t c\ld h happ5$ = ! highe/ int]e/ ( ! ,congress itself4 ,! two p>ties are n[ cle>ly def9$--! "o seek+1 ?r\gh con/itutional agitation1 self-gov]nm5t on colonial l9es1 l ,canada2 ! o!r det]m9$ to ov]?r[ ! gov]nm5t ( ! =eign] & to e/abli% its own ^u ! ru9s4 ,& agitation 9 ?is behalf is to be conduct$ 9 e possible way1 con/itutional or o!rwise4 ,! ,mod]ates are n[ ?or\ghly r\s$ & h driv5 out f _! c\ncils ! irreconcilables & fire-eat]s1 & c n[ "w ) m h>mony & success = ! atta9m5t ( _! wis] plans & m reasonable aims4 ,a few ye>s ago1 ! ,/ate ignor$1 :5 x did n ridicule1 ! ,national ,congress4 ,to-day none recognizes its p[] m ?an does ! gov]nm5t4 ,& x is mo/ sugge/ive & in/ructive to see ?is body1 ( fully ?ree ?\s& m51 ga!r$ toge!r f all p>ts ( ?is great p59sula--m5 :o repres5t peoples t speak m ?an f\r hundr$ languages & dialects6 ,!y conduct _! sessions 9 ,engli%1 :i* is ! only univ]sal tongue ( ! c\ntry4 ,& a pur] ,engli% is h>dly spok5 9 any delib]ative or legislative body 9 any o!r l&2 & "s ( ! addresses are deliv]$ ) a =ce1 & are adorn$ ) a logic & a rhetoric1 :i* are truly eloqu5t4 ,v]ily1 ! weapon ( popul> p[]1 ?\gh l>gely us$ aga9/ ! gov]nm5t1 is ! be/ complim5t possible to ! ,/ate :i* has creat$ x4 ,! ,press also has m>vell\sly gr[n 9 p[] & 9 dignity dur+ ! la/ qu>t] ( a c5tury4 ,at ! pres5t "t !re are scores ( dailies1 & _m m weeklies & mon?lies1 publi%$ 9 ! ,engli% tongue by ! natives ( ! l&4 ,& !y discuss1 ) intellig5ce & discrim9ation1 if n ) mod]ation1 all matt]s ( ,/ate & ( political int]e/4 ,rec5tly "s ( ^! pap]s h become ?or\ghly radical & oppose ! gov]nm5t at all po9ts4 ,b x is ! v]nacul> ,press1 repres5t+1 z x does1 hundr$s ( newspap]s 9 all ! tongues ( ,india1 t c>ries its influ5ce into ! villages & homes ( ! un$ucat$ millions4 ,! pres5t condition ( discont5t ) ! gov]nm5t has be5 dissem9at$ among ! common p m by ^! v]nacul> pap]s ?an by any o!r ag5cy4 ,_m ( ^! are ?or\ghly disloyal & s$iti\s4 ,v occasionally !y are prosecut$ = _! inflammatory editorials1 & _! editors are imprison$4 ,z a matt] ( fact1 !re is h>dly any c\ntry :]e ! ,press has great] lib]ties ?an 9 ,india2 & !re is no l& on e>? :]e t lib]ty is m abus$4 ,! v tol]ation ( ! gov]nm5t is turn$ z a ke5 weapon aga9/ x4 ,! same ?+ is true ( ! fre$om ( public spee*4 ,!re is n ano!r l&1 save p]haps ,am]ica1 ^: citiz5s h great] privileges 9 ?is matt]4 ,! s$iti\s spee*es :i* h be5 made 9 _m p>ts ( ,india dur+ ! la/ two ye>s1 by ,b5galees specially1 & by a few o!r radicals1 h be5 su* z w\ld 9 ,europe lead to imprisonm5t if n to deportation4 ,bep9 ,*&ra ,pal1 ( ,calcutta1 has j clos$ a t\r dur+ :i* he has made _m addresses1 att5d$1 9 all cases1 by ?\s&s ( /ud5ts & disaffect$ memb]s ( ! community1 & has n only d5\nc$ ! gov]nm5t z ! v inc>nation ( unrighte\sness & cruelty1 b has also urg$ ! p to d all !y c1 bo? con/itutionally & o!rwise1 to defeat & ov]?r[ x & to e/abli% a native rule ^u its ru94 ,any gov]nm5t1 9 ord] to ignore su* language utt]$ 9 imm5se public assemblies1 mu/ feel v secure 9 its p[]4 ,mr4 ,pal is only "o ( _m :o h ?us f> be5 grant$ absolute fre$om to s[ broadca/ ! se$ ( revolution4 ,,iii ,:at is !re 9 ! rec5t condition ( ! c\ntry & ( ! p1 :i* w>rants ?is unre/ & discont5t8 ,dis9t]e/$ p]sons w n say t ! ,/ate is unprogressive or is adm9i/]+ its affairs unwisely4 ,9 its rec5t ,annual ,f9ancial ,/atem5t we discov] evid5ces ( prosp]ity 9 all dep>tm5ts ( ,/ate4 ,!re is no ext5sive fam9e to di/ress ! p & h>ass ! gov]nm5t4 ,! rev5ue ( ! ye> exce$s1 by ne>ly #cj million rupees1 ! e/imates2 !re 0 a surplus at ! end ( ! ye> ( #bj million rupees4 ,ow+ to ?is ! gov]nm5t has r$uc$ ! opium cultivation1 :i* has wr\ght1 = _m ye>s1 s mu* inju/ice to ,*9a4 ,x has also increas$ po/al facilities1 :i* r5d]s !m *eap] & m conv5i5t ?an 9 any o!r l&4 ,moreov]1 ! obnoxi\s salt tax has be5 r$uc$ by #ej p] c5t2 & x is hop$ t ! :ole tax w be remitt$ %ortly4 ,! grant = education is also mu* enhanc$ beyond any =m] ye>1 & ! ,/ate is ev5 plann+ = ! introduction ( a ,free ,prim>y ,education1 :i* w be an unspeakable boon to ! p4 ,& :5 x is said t taxation 9 ,india has be5 r$uc$1 we %\ld also rememb] t 9 ?is l& ! taxation p] head is light] ?an 9 any o!r civiliz$ c\ntry 9 ! _w4 ,9 ,russia1 x is eight times z great2 9 ,engl&1 tw5ty times2 9 ,italy1 n9ete52 9 ,france1 tw5ty-five2 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates & ,g]many1 ?irte5 times4 ,9 o!r words1 taxation 9 ,india comes to only "o doll>1 or ?ree rupees1 p] head4 ,b x is claim$ t ,india is a l& ( deepe/ pov]ty4 ,?is is p]fectly true4 ,b x is n true t h] pov]ty is increas+4 ,! ,p>see ,*airman ( ! ,bombay ,/ock ,ex*ange1 9 8 la/ annual address1 said t x 0 ! conviction ( m]*ants1 bank]s1 tradesm51 & capta9s ( indu/ry t ,india is sl[ly b /eadily advanc+ along pa?s ( mat]ial prosp]ity1 & = ! la/ few ye>s x has tak5 an accel]at$ pace4 ,! pov]ty ( ! p is a v conv5i5t slogan ( ! political p>ty2 b !re is ev]y?+ to prove t ! condition ( ! p1 deplorable ?\gh x be1 is1 nev]!less1 sl[ly improv+4 ,! ,/ate is1 moreov]1 con/antly yield+ to ! gr[+ dem& ( ! p = a l>g] %>e 9 ! conduct ( public bus9ess & 9 ! emolum5ts ( (fice4 ,ev5 at ! pres5t "t ! ,secret>y ( ,/ate = ,india has introduc$ a s*eme1 at ! in/ance ( ! gov]nm5t1 :i* w add mat]ially to ! p[] ( ,india 9 ! conduct ( its own affairs4 ,! ,briti% 7 nev] m firmly entr5*$ & possess$ ( m p[] 9 ,india ?an at ! pres5t "t4 ,! lesson ( ! ,mut9y1 ( a half-a-c5tury ago1 0 n lo/ ^u ! adm9i/rators ( ,india4 ,s9ce !n1 no ,indian regim5t c be /ation$ )9 a ?\s& miles ( its own home1 & ?us be able to ent] into collusion ) ! p4 ,& ! artill]y bran* ( ! army is entirely 9 ! h&s ( ! ,briti% =ce4 ,moreov]1 z we h se51 ! ,mohamm$ans & ! ,sikhs are loyal to ! gov]nm5t1 & w\ld /& ) ! ,briti% aga9/ ! ,h9dus 9 any conflict ( arms4 ,! ,h9dus !mselves realize ?is situation p]fectly well4 ,"o ( ! be/-kn[n ,h9du g5tlem5 rec5tly wrote z foll[s3 ,! tru? is 9 a nut%ell & may be describ$ 9 a few words4 ,! ,briti% _c be driv5 out ( ,india by ! ,indians1 nor by any =eign ,p[]4 ,?is fact is kn[n to m ?an #ij p] c5t ( ! p4 ,( all ! =eign]s1 ! ,briti% are ! be/4 ,we1 z we are n[1 are ! lea/ able to gov]n ,india1 be+ n equal to ! wor/ & weake/ =eign ,p[]4 ,! be/ class ( ,h9dus are n only s5sible ( _! own weakness1 f a milit>y /&po9t2 !y are also dissatisfi$ ) ! action ( extremi/s & believe t ! pres5t unre/ is evil4 ,a well-kn[n ,h9du writ] describes ! situation 9 ! foll[+ words3 ,! class ( p ! ,indian ,extremi/s appeal to1 consi/s ( irresponsible & impressionable /ud5ts & ! ignorant populace2 & ! agitator1 :o is ?or\ghly cognizant ( ?is fact1 uses x = 8 purposes4 ,he appeals to _! feel+s1 & succe$s 9 mak+ !m believe 9 ! s\ndness ( 8 fallacies & mis*iev\s prea*+s4 ,! au?orities h !re=e to see t ?is class ( p is protect$ f ! insidi\s appeals ( mis*iev\s pseudo-patriots4 ,aft] ov] a c5tury ( b5efic5t ,briti% rule 9 ,india1 x is sc>cely necess>y to attempt to ju/ify its exi/5ce or cont9uance4 ,at ! same "t1 x has to be recogniz$ t discont5t prevails among ! p2 ?\gh1 speak+ g5]ally1 x does n by any means p>take ( ! "* ( disaffection or disloyalty4 ,discont5t is by no means inconsi/5t ) loyalty to gov]nm5t4 ,on ! o!r h&1 x may ev5 be said1 ) a c]ta9 degree ( tru?1 t ! deep-root$ & abid+ s5se ( loyalty 9 ! p has eng5d]$ ! _s ( discont5t1 ! heal?y discont5t ) _! lot4 ,x %\ld also be rememb]$ t ! ,h9du ca/e sy/em is an insup]able b>ri] to ! progress ( ! p t[>d indep5d5ce4 ,! unity ( ! ,mohamm$ans ( ,india1 :o are only "o-fif? ( ! population1 is 9 heal?ful contra/ to ! myriad ca/e divisions & social b>ri]s :i* sep>ate ,h9dus "o f ano!r4 ,"o mu/ be compell$ to d5y ! s9c]ity ( _m :o claim t ?is p is a nation :i* prides itself ^u its patriotism1 s long z ! ca/e sy/em dom9ates !m & _! ideas4 ,! only tie :i* b9ds toge!r ^! p is ! _s ( opposition to ?is =eign gov]nm5t4 ,among ! classes & ! masses !re is absolutely no coh]5ce or unity ( s5tim5t 9 any l9e ( con/ructive activity4 ,s t 9 ! matt] ( self-gov]nm5t !y w\ld prove !mselves to be sadly incompet5t4 ,,iv ,! action ( ! ,indian gov]nm5t1 9 view ( ! pres5t situation1 has be5 ! subject ( criticism4 ,anglo-,indians feel t ! ,vic]oy & 8 ,c\ncil h1 = "s reason or o!r1 be5 too delib]ate 9 _! action4 ,= two ye>s ?+s h be5 go+ f bad to worse4 ,:51 rec5tly1 ,sir ,bampfylde ,full]1 ! ,lieut5ant-,gov]nor ( ,ea/ ,b5gal1 took prompt & vigor\s action to suppress ! upris+ 9 8 ,prov9ce1 :i* 0 ! c5tre ( tr\ble1 ! ,indian gov]nm5t decl9$ to support him4 ,he !re=e resign$1 & ,india lo/ "o ( ! m5 :o are ! mo/ compet5t to deal wisely & well ) s$ition-mong]s4 ,! ,/ate may h ?\ght1 & 0 probably "r 9 ?9k+1 t :ile ! ,b5gal ,babu is capable ( unlimit$ noise1 he has a mortal av]sion to conv]t+ 8 noise into action4 ,s ! gov]nm5t pref]r$ pati5tly to endure odium r ?an suppress ! movem5t4 ,x 0 diff]5t 9 ! ,panjaub1 ^: p are less talkative1 b are m giv5 to action4 ,^! w>rior tribes 7 be+ rapidly disaffect$ by political agitators2 & !y d\btless _h def9ite grievances ( _! own to agitate !m4 ,! "t came :5 gov]nm5t 0 compell$ to d some?+ to suppress ! ris+ tide ( feel+4 ,x decid$ to act ^u a law ( ne>ly a c5tury ago1 & deport$ two ( ! lead]s ( ! movem5t4 ,!y 7 at once s5t to ,burma1 :]e !y 7 held 9 surveillance = six mon?s & !n releas$4 ,?is action ( ! ,/ate 0 effective2 = x quiet$ ! p & nipp$ :at promis$ to be a rebellion1 9 ! bud4 ,b x rais$ a /orm ( d5unciation f all ! ,h9du pap]s1 :i* spoke ( x z a violation ( ! ,que5's ,proclamation & an act subv]sive ( ! mo/ sacr$ rights ( ! p ( ! c\ntry & ( ! mo/ elem5t>y =m ( ju/ice6 ,"o writ] claims t ! meane/ ,briti% subject is entitl$ to a writ ( ,habeas ,corpus1 & ?us secure an effective protection aga9/ arbitr>y imprisonm5t & arre/ by ! gov]nm5t4 ,?is is c]ta9ly true 9 ord9>y times ( peace2 b ! gov]nm5t _h e reason to believe t ! /ate ( ?+s 9 ! ,panjaub 0 any?+ b peaceable1 & t x mu/ act 9 view ( ! extraord9>y condition ( ! ,prov9ce4 ,& its me?od ( proc$ure has prov$ itself to be ! mo/ bloodless & inexp5sive possible4 ,x has be5 claim$ t ! *ief deport$ man1 ,mr4 ,lala ,rajpat ,rai1 is n an extremi/2 b ?is has to be prov$1 & x may be presum$ t ! gov]nm5t 0 m conv]sant ) 8 acts & _! influ5ce ^u ! p1 & ! native army1 ?an "s ( 8 def5d]s are4 ,all mu/ regret ! necessity ( s uncon/itutional a me?od ( deal+ ) ?is great evil2 b :5 su* a man z ! ,hon4 ,mr4 ,morley1 ! ,secret>y ( ,/ate = ,india1 agrees ) ! ,indian gov]nm5t 9 ?is matt]1 x may be presum$ to h be5 necess>y4 ,! gov]nm5t has also proclaim$ & prohibit$ ! assembl+ toge!r ( ! p = political purposes 9 ! mo/ disaffect$ p>ts ( ! c\ntry1 & m especially :]e ! ,h9dus & ,mohamm$ans are fight+ ea* o!r4 ,none c "q ! wisdom ( ?us sav+ ! p f bitt] feuds & ! p[] ( agitators4 ,ano!r v important action ( ! ,/ate has be5 to w>n ! /ud5ts ( ! ,univ]sities aga9/ p>ticipat+ 9 political agitation1 & to ?reat5 ! )drawal ( affiliation f in/itutions ( le>n+ 9 :i* political agitation is enc\rag$4 ,nobody w dispute ! wisdom ( ?is action2 = ! s*ool-boys ( ,india seem z disloyal z !y are irresponsible1 & are ! mo/ pliant tools ( radical demagogues4 ,! ,press also is receiv+ ! att5tion ( ! gov]nm5t4 ,! v]nacul> ,press is 9 special ne$ ( be+ taught ! lesson ( its responsibility to ! p & to ! ,/ate4 ,& ! be/ elem5ts ( ! community1 bo? ,anglo-,indian & ,indian1 believe he>tily t editors & proprietors ( pap]s %\ld be br\ght to acc\nt = _! s$iti\s utt]ances4 ,v ,_m are n[ ask+1 ,h[ %all ?is tr\ble be remov$ & peace & good-w be re/or$ to ! l&8 ,no?+ is m necess>y ?an ! cultivation ( mutual und]/&+ betwe5 ! two races4 ,x is v un=tunate t1 9 ?is matt]1 ! situation has n improv$ dur+ ! la/ qu>t] ( a c5tury4 ,inde$1 ! racial problem is m acute n[1 z x is 9 ,am]ica1 ?an x 0 ev] be=e4 ,all seem too ready to accept1 z conclusive1 ! /atem5t ( ,kipl+1-- ,o6 ! ,ea/ is ,ea/ & ! ,we/ is ,we/1 ,& nev] ! twa9 %all meet1 ,till e>? & sky /& pres5tly ,be=e ,god's great judgm5t seat4 ,& !y too easily ignore ! o!r "p :i* conveys 8 lesson1-- ,b !re is nei!r ,ea/ nor ,we/1 ,nor bord]1 nor bre$1 nor bir?1 ,:]e two /rong m5 /& face to face1 ,?\gh !y come f ! ends ( ! e>?4 ,! p>ties conc]n$ 9 ,india to-day mu/ le>n ! lesson ( mutual =be>ance & /udy to und]/& ea* o!r's peculi>ities & ent] m fully into ea* o!r's ?\ghts1 s5tim5ts1 & idiosyncrasies4 ,! ,anglo-,indian /&s mo/ 9 ne$ ( ?is lesson ( aptitude4 ,! ,anglo-,saxon is notori\sly conceit$ & giv5 to ?9k+ t he has no?+ to le>n f o!r p1 especially ^? :o are politically subject to him4 ,he looks ) contempt ^u ! mild ,h9du1 & ma9ta9s t x is ! bus9ess ( ,brahman & ,sudra alike meekly to submit to1 & obey1 8 lord%ip4 ,he tramples ^u _! s5sibilities & decl9es to le>n any lessons ( wisdom f !m4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ,brahman & ,sudra h in]adicable prejudices1 :i* !y nurse ) extraord9>y fondness & *]i% ) unyield+ t5acity4 ,! lead] ( ?is p1 ! ,brahman1 is1 9 8 way1 ev5 m haughty ?an ! ,anglo-,indian4 ,?is situation is full ( difficulty4 ,"h we h two races1 ! ,aryan ( ! ,ea/ & ! ,aryan ( ! ,we/1 /&+ face to face4 ,ea* 9 its way claims dom9ance4 ,! ,we/]n] claims sup]iority by "r ( conque/ & ( advanc$ civilization & g5]al progress4 ,& he is n backw>d 9 pres5t+ 8 vaunt$ claims6 ,! ,ea/]n]1 on ! o!r h&1 has rul$ ,india by "r ( intellig5ce & by e claim ( social & religi\s di/9ction1 = at lea/ ?irty c5turies4 ,he /&s to-day a mat* = any individual1 ,ea/ or ,we/1 9 intellectual pr[ess4 ,b1 m ?an ?is1 socially & religi\sly he reg>ds himself z ! fir/ son ( heav54 ,contact ) an ,engli%man1 ev5 ) ! ,k+-,emp]or himself1 is = him pollution1 :i* mu/ be remov$ by elaborate & exact+ religi\s c]emonies4 ,to eat ) any su* w\ld be a s9 ( ! deepe/ dye4 ,h[ c "o expect su* a man to meet ) a =eign] on ev5 t]ms1 or to treat him ) equality & true fri5d%ip8 ,be=e ,india loves its conqu]ors1 & sympa?y & good und]/&+ are e/abli%$ betwe5 !m1 bo? p>ties ne$ to be born aga94 ,at lea/ !y mu/ endeav\r to lay aside _! prejudices & to cultivate ! k9%ip ( _! unit$ de/9y4 ,! writ] rec5tly li/5$ to an eloqu5t address deliv]$ by a cultur$ ,h9du g5tleman1 9 :i* he implor$ ,anglo-,indians to cultivate _! fri5d%ip & to =get ! diff]5t %ades ( _! complexion4 ,! prejudice ( col\r is1 he ma9ta9s1 z /rong 9 ,india z x is 9 ,am]ica1 & is p]haps m bitt] ?an ev]4 ,a man1 said he truly1 %\ld n be condemn$ by 8 bro!r because ( 8 slightly diff]5t %ade ( col\r1 :i* is only sk9 deep4 ,x is also c]ta9 t ,great ,brita9 %\ld & mu/ give to ! inhabitants ( ?is l& m influ5ce & high] position 9 ! direction ( ! affairs ( ! ,/ate4 ,aft] a tra9+ ( m ?an a c5tury by ,engl& h]self1 ,india is prep>$ = a l>g] place 9 ! direction ( h] own political de/9y4 ,we/]n civilization1 we/]n education1 & ! ,*ri/ian religion h wr\ght wond]s 9 ,india 9 ! developm5t ( a new life & a new consci\sness among _m ( ! p4 ,!re are ?\s&s ( m51 to-day1 :o are 9 e way compet5t to occupy high positions 9 gov]nm5t4 ,& x is impossible t !y %\ld be kept loyal & cont5t$ "u a regime :i* con/antly rem9ds !m ( _! subjection & _! lack ( wor?9ess to fill any b subord9ate positions4 ,x is true1 z we h se51 t gov]nm5t is ext5d+ ! privileges & multiply+ ! opportunities ( su* m54 ,b x is n do+ ?is ) ! pace1 ! grace1 & ! he>t9ess t circum/ances dem&4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ,indians mu/ seek1 increas+ly1 to cultivate social & moral aptitude1 r ?an to be =ev] claim+ & dem&+ rights4 ,! be/ fri5ds ( ,india believe t %e has j z _m political rights z %e is able wisely to ex]cise4 ,repres5tative ,in/itutions h already be5 e/abli%$ "h bo? 9 ! conduct ( ,municipalities1 ,di/rict ,bo>ds1 & ( ! ,prov9cial & ! ,imp]ial ,gov]nm5ts4 ,! p are be+ tra9$ = ! wise/ ex]cise ( political rights4 ,b _m :o h c>efully obs]v$ ! political corruption :i* !y reveal 9 ! ex]cise ( already acquir$ rights1 ?9k t no great] evil c\ld befall ,india ?an t ( a sudd5 be/[al1 by ! ,/ate1 ( a great ext5sion ( ^! privileges4 ,! root ( ,india's pres5t incapacity = self-gov]nm5t is n intellectual1 b social & moral4 ,no "o d\bts t !re is ability en\gh2 b _m believe t ,india mu/ develop mu* ^u ! l[] ranges ( dome/ic sanity & social e?ics be=e x is prep>$ = enhanc$ political privileges4 ,! ignorance & ! disabilities ( wom5 9 ,india are a cry+ inju/ice1 ^: influ5ce p5etrates e dep>tm5t ( ,indian life1 & = ! removal ( :i* educat$ ,indians w h>dly raise a f+]4 ,! ca/e sy/em1 ) its numb]less /]eotyp$ divisions1 its myriad insurm\ntable b>ri]s betwe5 class & class1 & its c\ntless petty jeal\sies & mutual antagonisms1 is well kn[n to all4 ,& s long z ,h9dus cont9ue to wor%ip ?is demon1 ca/e1 x is impossible = !m to become a unit$ body to :i*1 ) any c\rtesy1 ! "n ,nation c be appli$4 ,nor c !y bl5d into su* action z c 9 any s5se be call$ ,national or patriotic4 ,india is w(ully lack+ 9 ! fir/ ess5tial ( self-gov]nm5t--public _s4 ,9 o!r words1 ! mo/ urg5t ne$ ( ,india at pres5t is social re=m1 :i* dep5ds entirely ^u ! p1 & n political re=m1 :i* mu/ come f ! ,/ate4 ,& yet ! social re=m movem5t 9 ,india is less rapid to-day ?an at any "t dur+ ! la/ qu>t] ( a c5tury4 ,& ^? :o cry l\de/ = political rights are ! ones :o ca/ a s9i/] eye ^u ! social re=m movem5t4 ,& x mu/ be rememb]$ t ! p :o cry mo/ l\dly = national indep5d5ce to-day are ! v ones ^: antec$5ts & ^: fundam5tal conceptions ( life & ( society w\ld =bid !m to grant ev5 ! mo/ elem5t>y social1 n to say political1 rights to "o-half ( ! population ( ! l&4 ,! way ! ,brahman & ! high] ,sudras1 :o are clam\r+ = :at !y reg>d ,god-giv5 rights f ! ,briti% gov]nm5t1 d5y 9 pr9ciple & practice1 to _! fell[-citiz5s1 ! s-call$ outca/s & o!r memb]s ( ! community1 ! mo/ elem5t>y pr9ciples ( lib]ty & privilege :i* !y !mselves n[ enjoy1 is a significant comm5t ^u _! political sanity & s5se ( congruity4 ,9 connection ) ?is same problem1 ,indians %\ld n =get t 9 ! multiplicity ( antipa?ies :i* exi/ betwe5 ! _m races ( ,india1 & 9 ! religi\s conflicts1 :i* too (t5 arise1 !re is ne$1 & !re w be ne$ = _m ye>s1 ( "o supreme p[] :i* has ! ability to hold ! balance ( ju/ice ev5ly betwe5 race & race1 & to comm& social & religi\s lib]ty to ! ?ree hundr$ millions ( ! l&4 ,& ?is is :at ,great ,brita9 has done & is do+ = ,india4 ,pax ,britannica has be5 "o ( ! greate/ boons t ! ,we/ has conf]r$ ^u ! ,ea/4 ,x may also be well to add t ,indians %\ld h reg>d to ! limits ( ! rights ( a subject p4 ,x is useless to talk ( self-gov]nm5t1 until !y are able to ex]cise ! same2 & ev5 ! mo/ rabid ,h9du _c dream t ,india is ripe = self-gov]nm5t & c\ld ma9ta9 x = a mon? if ! ,briti% 7 to leave ! c\ntry4 ,& if ! ,briti% mu/ rema9 "h at all1 x mu/ be z ! dom9ant p[]4 ,canada & ,au/ralia1 9 _! indep5d5ce1 may be ideals = ,india to patt]n aft]2 b ,india _c enjoy ! rights ( ^? two indep5d5t colonies until h] "* becomes z /eady1 h] ideas ( lib]ty & h] practice ( social equality & h] conception ( human rights become z cl>ifi$1 z !y are 9 ^? two c\ntries4 ,! rec5t proposal ( ! ,gov]nm5t ( ,india to enl>ge ! ,legislative ,c\ncils & to create an ,imp]ial ,advisory ,c\ncil reveals ! purpose ( ! ,/ate to grant to ! p all t is consi/5t ) ! p>am\ntcy ( ! ,briti% 9 ,india4 ,b x is ?is v p>am\ntcy :i* ! extremi/s d5y to ,great ,brita94 ,h]e9 lies ! gi/ ( ! tr\ble4 ,x w erelong create a s]i\s impasse4 ,great ,brita9 _c rema9 9 ?is l& & efface h]self4 ,at ! same "t1 :5 ,india is prep>$ = absolute self-gov]nm5t1 %e w receive ! bless+1 & ,great ,brita9 w leave ! l& ) a bless$ consci\sness t %e has wr\ght = ,india ! greate/ bless+ & ! noble/ a*ievem5t t any p has wr\ght = ano!r & a =eign p 9 all ! hi/ory ( ! _w4 ,& until t "t comes1 bo? ,india & ,great ,brita9 ne$ to ?ank ,god t ,he has s /rangely bl5d$ toge!r _! de/9ies = ! highe/ elevation ( bo? races4 ,,*apt] ,,ii ,,! ,,home ,,( ,,_m ,,fai?s ,! l& ( ! ,v$as ju/ly boa/s ( be+ ! "m1 or ! fo/]-"m1 ( n9e great religions4 ,x has giv5 bir? to ! greate/ e?nic religion ! _w has se52 x is also ! mo!rl& ( "o ( ! ?ree great mission>y fai?s ( ! _w4 ,^! two religions--,h9duism & ,buddhism--c\nt among _! foll[]s m ?an a ?ird ( ! human race1 & are1 9 "s respects1 z vigor\s n[ z at any "t 9 _! hi/ory4 ,x is ! fo/]-"m ( ,mohamm$anism & c\nts among h] sons & daught]s m ( ! foll[]s ( ! ,prophet ( ,mecca ?an are f\nd 9 any o!r l&4 ,x has also be5 ! asylum ( _m foll[]s ( ! ,naz>5e = at lea/ sixte5 c5turies2 _m ev5 claim t ,*ri/ianity has f\nd a home "h s9ce apo/olic days4 ,!re is no l& comp>able ) ,india 9 ! v>iegat$ expressions ( its beliefs :i* add picturesqu5ess to ! c\ntry & div]sity to ! p4 ,i purpose to take ! read] ) me on a t\r ) a view to furni%+ glimpses ( ^! religions at ^? places :]e !y reveal special int]e/ to ! t\ri/4#a ,footnote #a3 ,! pr9cipal fai?s ( ! l&1 ) _! adh]5ts1 7 z foll[s1 accord+ to c5sus ( #aija3-- ,h9du #bjg1adg1jbf ,sikh #b1aie1cci ,ja9 #a1ccd1adh ,buddhi/ #i1dgf1gei ,p>see #id1aij ,mohamm$an #fb1deh1jgg ,jewi% #ah1bbh ,*ri/ian #b1ibc1bda ,^! figures include ,burma4 ,india is a l& ( imm5se di/ances4 ,b its ?irty ?\s& miles ( railroad w enable ! travell]1 )9 a c\ple ( mon?s1 to scan all its po9ts ( int]e/1 & to fea/ 8 eyes ^u visions ( ,ori5tal *>m & spl5d\r1 ( ar*itectural beauty & gr&eur1 & ( su* monum5ts ( religi\s devotion z no o!r l& c pres5t to ! travell] & /ud5t4 ,let n ! ,we/]n] indulge 8 fe>s ab\t ! discom=ts & dang]s ( travel 9 ?is tropical l&4 ,to an ,engli%-speak+ t\ri/ !re are a few l&s only :i* furni% m conv5i5ces & facilities = travel ?an ?is same ,india2 & travell+ is *eap] "h ?an 9 any o!r c\ntry4 ,com=table second-class travell+ r>ely co/s m ?an "o c5t a mile4 ,& _m1 l ! writ]1 h travell$ ?\s&s ( miles 9 ?ird-class comp>tm5ts at less ?an half a c5t a mile1 & )\t mu* o!r inconv5i5ce ?an an excess ( du/ & /iff5$ bones4 ,! writ] has se5 _m globe-trott]s pass ?r\gh ,india ( :om few 7 n surpris$ at ! relative com=ts ( travel "h dur+ ! w9t] mon?s1 & no o!r "t ( ! ye> %\ld be *os5 = travell+ 9 ,india4 ,x w be conv5i5t to />t ^u our t\r f ,madura1 ! mission>y home ( ! writ]4 ,x is a l>ge1 wide-awake c5tre ( en?usia/ic ,h9duism 9 ! extreme s\? ( ! p59sula4 ,9 ! he>t ( ?is t[n1 ( m ?an a hundr$ ?\s& p1 /&s its great temple1 d$icat$ to ,siva4 ,! pr9cipal monum5ts ( ,s\? ,india are its temples4 ,!y are ! l>ge/ temples 9 ! _w4 ,! ,madura temple is only ! ?ird 9 size2 b 9 its upkeep & ar*itectural beauty x f> surpasses ! o!r two1 :i* are l>g]4 ,x cov]s an area ( fifte5 acres1 & its _m ,gopuras1 or t[]s1 furni% ! l&m>k ( ! c\ntry = miles ar\nd4 ,x is erect$ almo/ entirely ( granite blocks1 "s ( :i* are sixty feet long4 ,its monoli?ic c>v+ is exquisitely f9e1 z x is mo/ abundant & elaborate4 ,h9duism may be moribund2 b ?is temple gives only intimation ( life & prosp]ity z "o gazes ^u its elaborate ritual1 & sees ! ?\s&s pass+ daily into its %r9e = wor%ip4 ,x repres5ts ! highe/ =m ( ,h9du ar*itecture1 &1 l almo/ all else t is ,h9du1 its hi/ory c>ries u to ! dim di/ance ( ! pa/4 ,b ! great ,tirumalai ,nayak1 ! k+ ( two & a half c5turies ago1 sp5t m 9 its elaboration ?an any "o else4 ,& x 0 he :o built1 half a mile away1 ! great palace :i*1 ?\gh mu* r$uc$1 /ill /&s z ! noble/ edifice ( its k9d s\? ( a l9e drawn f ,bombay to ,calcutta4 ,9 ?is same temple we f9d1 trans=m$1 ano!r cult4 ,x is call$ ! ,temple ( ,me5at*i1 aft] its presid+ goddess1 ! ,fi%-ey$ ,"o4 ,:5 ,brahmanism rea*$ ,madura1 _m c5turies ago1 ,me5at*i 0 ! pr9cipal demoness wor%ipp$ by ! p1 :o 7 all devil-wor%ipp]s4 ,z 0 _! wont1 ! ,brahmans did n antagonize ! old fai? ( ! p1 b absorb$ x by m>ry+ ,me5at*i to _! *ief god ,siva1 & ?us incorporat$ ! primitive devil-wor%ip into ! ,brahmanical religion4 ,?us ! ,h9duism ( ,madura & ( all ,s\? ,india is ,brahmanism plus devil-wor%ip4 ,& ! p are to-day mu* m absorb$ 9 pacify+ ! devils :i* infe/ e village ?an !y are 9 wor%ipp+ purely ,h9du deities4 ,! prevail+ fai? ( ! ,dravidians1 !re=e1 is demonolatry2 & ! myriad %r9es 9 ! villages & hamlets1 & ! daily rites conduct$ 9 !m1 atte/ ! univ]sal preval5ce ( ?is belief & ! great place x has 9 ! life ( ^! s-call$ ,h9dus4 ,a run ( a hundr$ & fifty miles directly s\? br+s u to ,cape ,comor91 ! s\!rnmo/ po9t ( ,india4 ,x is also ! extreme s\? ( ,travancore1 ! ,l& ( ,*>ity1 & "o ( ! ri*e/ & mo/ *>m+ sections ( ,india4 ,x is a ,native ,/ate "u ! control ( ! ,brahmans4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,gold5 ,,lily ,,tank ,,9 ,,! ,,madura ,,temple ,x is unique 9 ! l>ge proportion ( ,*ri/ians :i* are among its inhabitants4 ,?\gh ! ,*ri/ian community 9 ,india av]ages only "o p] c5t ( ! population1 9 ! ,/ate ( ,travancore x am\nts to #be p] c5t4 ,x is "h t we f9d ! anci5t ,syrian ,*ur*1 ) its ?ree hundr$ & fifty ?\s& s\ls4 ,?\gh x calls itself ! ,?omasian1 ,apo/olic ,*ur*1 & ?\gh ! ,romi% ,*ur* accepts ! leg5d1 mod]n hi/orians d5y its apo/olic orig91 & claim t x 0 f\nd$ no e>li] ?an ! ?ird c5tury4 ,ev5 ?us1 x furni%es an int5sely int]e/+ /udy4 ,! writ] 0 deeply int]e/$ to see & ent] its two *ur*es at ,kottayam1 bo? ( :i* are at lea/ eight hundr$ ye>s old4 ,f\r c5turies ago1 ,roman ,ca?olicism us$ all ! res\rces ( ! ,inquisition 9 ord] to absorb ?is ,*ur*4 ,!y succe$$ only too well1 & half ( ! ,indian ,syrian ,*ur* is n[ subject to ,rome4 ,ne>ly a c5tury ago1 ! ,*ur* ,mission>y ,society ( ,engl& l5t a help+ h& to ! ,syrian ,*ur*1 & has br\ght new life & progressive en]gy1 & a new spiritual p[] & ambition1 into a portion ( t decrepit type ( anci5t ,*ri/ianity4 ,fur!rmore1 a c5tury ( "w giv5 by ! ,london ,mission>y ,society & ! ,*ur* ,mission>y ,society has creat$ a ,prote/ant ,*ri/ian community ( m ?an "o hundr$ ?\s& s\ls 9 t little k+dom alone4 ,we pass f ,travancore into ! little ,/ate ( ,co*91 on ! nor?4 ,we are impress$ by ! colossal ,*ri/ian *ur* 9 ! t[n ( ,co*91 9 :i*1 h[ev]1 only a small h&ful ( ,engli% p wor%ip e ,sunday ev5+4 ,x 0 erect$ by ! ,portuguese f\r c5turies ago1 & is a *>m+ /udy4 ,x is "h1 %ortly aft] ,vasco da ,gama _h complet$ ! fir/ r\nd-!-,cape j\rney1 t ?is h\se ( ,god 0 erect$ by 8 foll[]s4 ,two c5turies lat]1 ! ,dut* came1 conqu]$ ! ,portuguese1 occupi$ _! h\se ( wor%ip1 & desecrat$ _! tombs4 ,9 t *ur* to-day "o c f9d tomb/ones inscrib$ on "o side by ! ,portuguese to _! dep>t$ fri5ds1 &1 on ! o!r side1 9 ,dut*1 to commemorate dep>t$ ,holl&]s4 ,b ! mo/ int]e/+ sight1 by f>1 9 ?is quiet old ,indian t[n1 is ! community ( :ite ,jews :o live on its s\!rn side4 ,no "o kn[s :5 !y came "h4 ,!y probably arriv$ at ! ,disp]sion ( ! fir/ c5tury ( our era2 or x may be lat]4 ,b ! community mu/ h be5 re5=c$ f "t to "t1 z !y h ma9ta9$1 9 a m>vell\s way1 ! fairness ( _! complexion4 ,x w n require mu* imag9ation1 z "o ent]s _! synagogue1 to ?9k ( ! synagogue ( ,naz>e? ( old4 ,z we asc5d ! /air-way into ! little s*oolroom above1 & he> ! little ones recit+1 9 pure ,hebrew1 passages f ! ,p5tateu*1 we c easily imag9e t we are li/5+ to ! voice ( a de> little ,boy1 n9ete5 c5turies ago1 recit+ to ,8 ma/] ^? same passages 9 t same tongue 9 ,pale/9e4 ,!re is h>dly a place on e>? :]e ,judaism has met ) few] vicissitudes & *anges ?an on ?is we/]n coa/ ( ,india4 ,x is only a c\ple ( hundr$ y>ds f>!r away t we f9d ! synagogue ( ! black ,jews--! desc5dants ( ^? :o 7 giv5 by ! anci5t k+ to be slaves to ! :ite ,jews4 ,!y adopt$ ! religion ( _! ma/]s1 & are /ill pray+1 l _! ma/]s1 = ! com+ ( ! ,messiah1 ( ^: arrival & triumphs 9 ,india !y seem to be oblivi\s4 ,leav+ ,co*91 we pass along ! coa/ z f> z ,bombay1 :i* has be5 call$ ! ,eye ( ,india1 & also ! ,gateway ( ,india1 two names :i* are equally appropriate to ?is beautiful city4 ,!re is h>dly ano!r city on e>? :]e m races & religions bl5d4 ,& its /reets are made exce$+ly picturesque by ! _m co/umes ( its polyglot population4 ,be=e ! arrival ( ! plague1 "s eight ye>s ago1 ,bombay 0 p]haps ! mo/ popul\s city 9 ,india4 ,b ?is fell sc\rge has decimat$ its population & has robb$ x ( mu* ( its ambition4 ,p]haps ! mo/ int]e/+ p t we see "h are ! ,p>sees1 ) _! ,t[]s ( ,sil5ce4 ,accord+ to _! belief1 e>? is too sacr$ to be contam9at$1 & fire too div9e to be pollut$1 by ! bodies ( _! dead1 :i*1 !re=e1 !y expose 9 ! t[]s1 erect$ ^u an adjac5t hill1 to be consum$ by a cr[d ( hungry1 expectant vultures4 ,"o usually sees =ty or fifty ( ^! fil?y birds /&+ ar\nd ! edge ( ea* t[]1 wat*+ ! fun]al cortege z x sl[ly w9ds its way up ! hill1 eag] to p\nce ^u ! body z soon z expos$ by ! be>]s 9 ! c5tre )94 ,& f ! "t ( exposure x takes h>dly t5 m9utes be=e e p>ticle ( fle% has be5 consum$4 ,! "o hundr$ ?\s& ,p>sees ( ,bombay are almo/ ! only repres5tatives ( ! anci5t fai? ( ,zoroa/]1 p]haps ! pure/ ( all e?nic religions4 ,!y 7 driv5 out ( _! home l& ( ,p]sia 9 ! e>ly onru% ( ,mohamm$an fury1 & fl$1 twelve c5turies ago1 to ,india1 :]e !y f\nd asylum4 ,! ,p>sees h ! di/9ction ( be+ ! mo/ advanc$ p ( ,india1 alike 9 weal? & philan?ropy1 9 _! treatm5t ( woman1 & 9 education & g5]al culture4 ,_! influ5ce ?r\gh\t ! l& is f> beyond _! numb]s4 ,& yet !y are s n>r[ 9 _! conception ( _! fai?1 t !y decl9$1 ! o!r day1 to receive into _! fold ! ,engli% bride ( "o ( _! numb]4 ,?us !y decid$ t !re is no door ( entrance into _! religion = any "o :o is n a born ,p>see4 ,x is 9 ?is city1 also1 t we f9d a l>ge repres5tation ( ano!r anci5t cult--,ja9ism4 ,ja9ism is closely k9 to ,buddhism4 ,x repres5ts ! same type ( reaction f a debas$ ,brahmanism4 ,z its "n indicates1 x is a cult = ! wor%ip ( ,! ,victori\s ,ones1 t is1 m5 :o by self-discipl9e h triumph$ ov] _! passions & h atta9$ p]fection4 ,buddhism succumb$ to1 & 0 absorb$ by1 a new militant ,brahmanism1 :i* we call ,h9duism4 ,ja9ism1 on ! o!r h&1 has ma9ta9$ itself z a di/9ct fai? & n[ has #a1ccd1adh foll[]s4 ,l ,buddhism1 x is an agno/ic religion1 kn[+ no object ( wor%ip save ! sev5ty-two ,victori\s ,ones4 ,"o ( ! lead+ *>act]i/ics ( ,ja9ism is its love ( life1 ev5 9 its l[e/ manife/ation4 ,_! devotion to ?is article ( _! fai? is c>ri$ to su* an ext5t t ! dev\t w sweep ! road le/ !y /ep ^u insects1 & cov] _! m\? ) gauze clo? le/ !y swall[ & de/roy m9ute =ms ( life4 ,9 ! city ( ,bombay1 ,ja9s h a hospital = animals1 = ! ma9t5ance ( :i* !y sp5d l>ge sums ( money annually4 ,maim$ cattle1 /ray dogs & cats1 & decrepit animals ( all k9ds are s\ght & br\ght "h = asylum & c>e4 ,x is ev5 said1 ,i _c say ) h[ mu* tru?1 t !y employ m5 to come & sp5d nights "h ) a view to furni%+ food = ! _m k9ds ( v]m9 :i* infe/ ! place4 ,illu/ration3 ,,taj ,,mahal1 ,,agra ,9 a sumptu\s ?r\gh tra9 we n[ pass rapidly ov] ne>ly "o ?\s& miles ( a c\ntry :i* is int5sely int]e/+1 hi/orically & e?nologically1 & f9ally arrive 9 ! fam\s city ( ,agra1 :i* /&s supreme among ,indian cities z a c5tre ( ar*itectural beauty4 ,we h "h come into a di/9ctively ,mohamm$an region2 & ! edifices :i* cr[n ! city ) glory are n only connect$ ) ! ,mohamm$an fai?1 !y are also ! ma/]pieces ( ! greate/ m9ds ( ! ,mogul ,empire1 & culm9ate 9 ! ,taj ,mahal1 :i* is ! mo/ valu$ gem ( ,mohamm$an ar*itecture1 &1 p]haps1 ! mo/ beautiful edifice 9 ! _w4 ,we fir/ turn our face t[>d ! ,=t1 :i* is "o ( ! magnific5t =tresses ( ,india4 ,two & a half c5turies ago1 ,%ah ,jehan 0 ! rul+ ,mogul4 ,he 0 n only "o ( ! greate/ rul]s ( ! dyna/y2 he _h also a passion = build+1 & 0 a man ( r>e ta/e z an ar*itect4 ,! ,agra ,=t1 ^: /]n walls ( r$ s&/one ext5d ab\t a mile & a half1 repres5ts to u1 at pres5t1 n /r5g? & protection1 b an enclosure )9 :i* ! emp]or built 8 great palace1 :i* is a m>vel ( beauty & ( sup]b ar*itectural workman%ip4 ,! mo/ attractive ( ! _m p>ts ( ?is palace is ! ,pe>l ,mosque1 :i* owes its *>m to its p]fect proportions1 its h>mony ( designs1 & its beauty ( mat]ial1 r ?an to ri*ness ( decoration & ornam5t4 ,9 design x is simil> to mo/ temples ( ?is k9d2 a c\rt-y>d ) a f\nta9 9 ! middle1 surr\nd$ on ?ree sides by arcad$ cloi/]s2 :ile on ! entrance side & t fac+ x are exquisitely *a/e m>ble scre5s4 ,into ! fair body ( ! ,india m>ble ! ,moguls c\ld "w designs & arabesques borr[$ f ! ,p]sia ( anci5t hi/ory1 & fl[]s ( exquisite hue & symmetry sugge/$ by ! m advanc$ & civiliz$ ,flor5t9e arti/s1 :o 7 tempt$ ov] by ! well-fill$ c(f]s ( ,%ah ,jehan4 ,z ! ,pe>l ,mosque 0 a "p ( ! palace1 x 0 only us$ by ! royal c\rt4 ,days ( pleasure & improvem5t c\ld be sp5t 9 ! /udy ( ! v>i\s p>ts :i* h be5 pres]v$ ( ?is anci5t palace4 ,b we pass on a few miles to ! ,taj ,mahal1 :i*1 l mo/ ( ! be/ build+s ( ,mohamm$an art 9 ,nor? ,india1 is a mausoleum & 0 erect$ by ,%ah ,jehan to 8 fav\rite wife1 ,mumtaz-i-,mahal4 ,! ,taj is erect$ 9 a beautiful g>d51 ! gateway into :i* is p]haps ! f9e/ 9 ,india & is a wor?y p5dant to ! ,taj itself4 ,! g>d5 is exquisitely laid out1 ) a view to sett+ (f ! unspeakable *>ms ( t dream ( lovel9ess embodi$ 9 :ite m>ble4 ,! ,taj has well be5 describ$ z a "w conceiv$ by ,titans & f9i%$ by jewell]s4 ,! gr&eur ( ! conception & ! wond]ful delicacy ( ! workman%ip _c fail to impress ev5 ! mo/ unle>n$ 9 ! ar*itectural art4 ,mu* has be5 writt51 & all 9 un/9t$ praise1 ( ?is incomp>able edifice2 & yet1 l ! writ]1 e visitor comes to its pres5ce1 feels ! gr[+ ?rill ( its beauty1 & exclaims1 ,! half 0 nev] told6 ,& few leave ! place )\t return+ to be en?rall$ once m by a moonlight view ( ?is ?+ ( beauty4 ,h[ great1 inde$1 mu/ h be5 ! love ( t o!rwise cruel mon>* = 8 dep>t$ empress t he %\ld h exhau/$ s mu* ( weal? 7"s say t ! ,taj co/ ?irty million rupees7 & conceiv$ s mu* ( beauty :]e) to embalm h] memory4 ,& z we ent] ! mausoleum & /& 9 ! pres5ce ( ! lovely %r9es :i* x encases1--t ( ,mumtaz-i-,mahal1 & t ( ! emp]or himself1--! m9d is aw$ & may f9d expression 9 ,sir ,edw9 ,arnold's poetic fancy1-- ,"h 9 ! he>t ( all1 ,) *apels girdl$1 %ut ap>t by scre5s1 ,! %r9e's self /&s1 :ite1 delicately :ite1 ,:ite z ! *eek ( ,mumtaz-i-,mahal1 ,:5 ,%ah ,jehan let fall a k+'s te> !re4 ,:ite z ! brea/ h] new babe va9ly press$ ,t ill day 9 ! camp at ,burhanpur1 ,! fair %r9e /&s1 gu>d+ two c5otaphs4 ,illu/ration3 ,,m>ble ,,scre5 ,,9 ,,taj ,,mahal ,& ^u a panel ( 8 own %r9e ! m\rn+ emp]or _h inscrib$ ^! significant words f anci5t traditions3 ,sai? ,jesus1 on :om peace be1 ?is _w is a bridge4 ,pass ?\ ov] x1 b build n ^u4 ,?is _w is "o h\r2 give its m9utes to ?y pray]s1 = ! re/ is unse54 ,we _c b feel t ! ,taj is ! highe/ expression ( art t human affection & dome/ic affliction h ev] a*iev$4 ,?is is n religion2 b x is closely k9 to x4 ,n f> f ! ,=t is f\nd ano!r great mosque1 or musjid1 :]e ! ,mohamm$ans cr[d = wor%ip4 ,?is1 also1 is a wond]ful specim5 ( art1 & 9 its comb9ation ( simplicity & beauty is well calculat$ to r\se to en?usiasm ! _m wor%ipp]s ( ,allah4 ,ab\t six miles away f ,agra is ano!r specim5 ( ar*itectural g5ius4 ,x is ! tomb ( ,akb> ! ,great4 ,"s believe x to be almo/ equal to ! ,taj4 ,x commemorates ) great beauty ! noble "n ( t mo/ di/+ui%$ man ( ! :ole ,mogul dyna/y1--a man :o 0 fam$ = 8 bread? ( view & sympa?y1 8 wise /atesman%ip1 & religi\s tol]ance4 ,he did m ?an any o!r to create sympa?y betwe5 ,h9dus & ,mohamm$ans4 ,x 0 9 ?is mausoleum t ! fam\s ,koh9or diamond f\nd its place & 0 exhibit$ = ye>s4 ,x is a /rik+ fact t ?is preci\s /one 0 undi/urb$ !re1 9 ! op5 air1 = ov] sev5ty ye>s1 until ! ,%ah ( ,p]sia1 9 #agci1 invad$ ,india & sack$ ! palace ( ! ,moguls1 &1 ) o!r fabul\s weal?1 c>ri$ ?is diamond also back to 8 own c\ntry4 ,illu/ration3 ,,%ah ,,jehan',s ,,=t1 ,,agra ,delhi is only a few h\rs' ride to ! nor? f ,agra4 ,x is p]haps ! mo/ int]e/+ city 9 all ,india4 ,f ! e>lie/ times ( ,brahmanic leg5ds d[n to ! pres5t1 x has be5 ! c5tre ( w> & conflict1 ( royal display1 extravagance1 & trea*]y4 ,"h1 aga91 ,mohamm$anism has1 f ! fir/1 ex]cis$ its p[] & reveal$ its religi\s w>m? & en?usiasm4 ,! ,mohamm$an mosques are equal to any 9 ! l&4 ,& ?\gh ! ,p]sian sack$ ! city a hundr$ & sev5ty ye>s ago1 & robb$ x ( mo/ t 0 beautiful & valuable1 !re /ill rema9s a "p ( :at 0 probably ! lovelie/ palace t 0 ev] erect$4 ,x reveals to u also ! imp]ial gr&eur ( ! ,moguls1 ^: /yle ( liv+ 0 probably m spl5did ?an t ( any mon>*s ( any nation be=e or s9ce t "t4 ,_! extravagance 0 unb\nd$4 ,_! love ( display has nev] be5 surpass$4 ,x is claim$ t ! ,peacock ,?rone ( ?is ,delhi ,palace 0 ( suffici5t value to pay ! debts ( a nation4 ,! m>ble walls are ri*ly adorn$ ) exquisite mosaics4 ,inde$1 !y are reg>d$ z incomp>able specim5s ( ! art4 ,"o c p>don ! build] :o engrav$ ov] ! nor? & s\? entrances to ?is palace ( ! ,moguls ! foll[+ l9es3-- ,if !re be a ,p>adise on ,e>?1 ,x is ,?is6 ,x is ,?is6 ,x is ,?is6 ,elev5 miles f ! city are f\nd spl5did ru9s :i* are cr[n$ by ! celebrat$ t[] kn[n z ,kutab-m9>1 :i* is ano!r ( ! mo/ anci5t & int]e/+ monum5ts ( ,india4 ,orig9ally1 ?is rem>kable /ructure 0 a ,h9du temple1 & 0 erect$ probably 9 ! f\r? c5tury ( our era4 ,b ^u ! invasion ( ! ,mussulmans ! temple 0 conv]t$ into a ,mohamm$an mosque1 & ! fam\s t[]1 :i* is #bch feet high1 & is "o ( ! mo/ beautifully erect$ 9 ! _w1 0 all[$ to /&4 ,! sculptures t cov] its surface h be5 comp>$ to ^? ^u ! column ( ,trajan 9 ,rome & ! ,column ,v5dome 9 ,p>is2 b !y are int5d$ to relate ! milit>y triumphs ( ! m5 9 ^: hon\r !y 7 erect$1 :ile ! inscription on ! ,kutab-m9> is a cont9u\s recognition ( ! p[] & glory ( ,god & ( ! virtues ( ,mohamm$1 8 ,prophet4 ,illu/ration3 ,,akb>',s ,,tomb ,x is 9 ?is city t "o is impress$ mo/ ?or\ghly ) memorials ( ! great ,mut9y ( half a c5tury ago1 :]e ! ,briti% 7 s h>d pu%$ & suff]$ s t]ribly 9 ^? days ( bitt]ness :i* tri$ m5's s\ls4 ,& !re is no memorial ( ?is bitt] /ruggle1 to :i* ! ,briti% ref] ) s mu* ( pride & glory1 z !y d to ! ,ca%m]e gate1 :i* !y blew up & !reby =c$ an entrance into ! city1 ) a loss ( mu* preci\s blood4 ,b x 0 n ! ,mut9y nor ! massive & gorge\s emblems ( ,mohamm$anism :i* impress$ ! writ] mo/ 9 ?is city4 ,x 0 a vision j outside ! walls ( ! city--a vision ( great simplicity--:i* ?rill$ 8 he>t a few ye>s ago4 ,x 0 a v unattractive little ru9$ t[]1 f ! c5tre ( :i* rose a poli%$ granite pill>1 "s ?irty or =ty feet high4 ,x 0 inscrib$ f top to bottom1 & ! inscription 0 q legible4 ,x spoke n ( ! triumphs ( w> nor ( ! glory ( human rule & conque/4 ,x is "o ( ! mo/ eloqu5t te/imonies to ! nobility ( ! ,buddhi/ fai?4 ,x 0 c>ri$ "h only a few c5turies ago by an enlight5$ ,mohamm$an mon>* f ! f>-(f pla9s ( ! nor?4 ,x is "o ( ! celebrat$ ,asoka ,pill>s4 ,asoka 0 ! emp]or ( tw5ty-two c5turies ago :o wr\ght = ,buddhism :at ,con/ant9e ! ,great1 at a lat] day1 wr\ght = ,*ri/ianity4 ,he 0 conv]t$ to ,buddhism & at once became ! dev\t propagator ( t fai?4 ,z ! great emp]or ( 8 "t1 he exalt$ ,buddhism & made x ! ,/ate religion ( ,india4 ,he n only s5t 8 mission>ies all ov] ! l&2 he decre$ t its pr9cipal tea*+s %\ld be ev]y:]e inscrib$ ^u rocks & ^u pill>s2 & t ^! pill>s %\ld be erect$ 9 public places = ! in/ruction ( ! p4 ,?is pill> 9 ,delhi is "o ( ab\t a doz5 already discov]$ & pres]v$ 9 ,nor? ,india4 ,& x is1 p]haps1 ! mo/ fully inscrib$ ( all t h be5 f\nd4 ,& ( ! f\rte5 ,asokan edicts inscrib$1 mo/ ( !m inculcate a high morality1 & "s ( !m a noble altruism4 ,= in/ance1 ! fir/ is a prohibition ( ! slaught] ( animals = food or sacrifice4 ,! second is ! provision = m$ical aid = m5 & animals1 & = plantations & wells on ! roadside4 ,! ?ird is a comm& to obs]ve e fif? ye> z a ye> ( mutual confession ( s9s1 ( peace-mak+1 & ( humiliation4 ,! n9? is ! inculcation ( true happ9ess z f\nd 9 virtue4 ,9 all ^! inscrib$ edicts ( t mo/ tol]ant & cosmopolitan ,buddhi/ emp]or1 we see no?+ ( :i* ,buddhism %\ld be a%am$1 & mu* ( :i* x may be pr\d1 9 ! way ( e?ical injunction4 ,x is m ?an t5 c5turies s9ce ,buddhism1 :i* _h be5 ! common fai? ( ,india = a ?\s& ye>s1 0 absorb$ into a new militant ,h9duism & ceas$ to exi/ z a sep>ate fai? 9 ?is l&4 ,to-day1 ,india prop] has h>dly half a million ,buddhi/s4 ,& yet we behold ^! mute prophets ( f>-(f days scatt]$ 9 _m p>ts ( ! l&1 /ill press+ _! message1 b va9ly1 inde$1 ^u a p ( unkn[n tongues4 ,buddha himself is n[ a "p ( ! ,h9du ,pan!on2 & 8 pr9cipal tea*+s h become an ess5tial "p ( ! fai? :i* he tri$ to ov]?r[4 ,b ^! pill>s /& = ,buddhism t 0 tol]ant t[>d all save1 p]haps1 ! ,brahmanism :i* x exi/$ to ov]?r[4 ,illu/ration3 ,,kutab-,,m9>1 ,,delhi ,f ,delhi we pass on nor?w>d to ! beautiful city ( ,amrits>1 :i* is comp>atively a mod]n t[n ( "o hundr$ & fifty ?\s& p4 ,9 ! he>t ( ?is t[n /&s ! f>-fam$ ,gold5 ,temple ( ! ,sikhs1 built by ,ranjit ,s+h1--,! ,lion ( ! ,panjaub4 ,! temple is n a l>ge "o1 be+ only fifty-?ree feet squ>e1 & is built 9 ! c5tre ( a wat] tank1 call$ ,! ,pool ( ,immortality4 ,! peculi> ext]nal feature ( ! temple is t x is l>gely cov]$ ) gold plate2 h5ce its "n4 ,x is a beautiful object to behold2 & we are 9 ha/e to take (f our %oes1 :i* are prohibit$ 9 ! sacr$ prec9cts1 & to put on ! %apeless holy slipp]s pres5t$ to u6 ,we enjoy p]fect fre$om 9 pass+ ?r\gh all p>ts ( ! temple1 :ile devotees1 "u ! guidance ( ! prie/s1 s+ _! songs ( praise ) dev\t imp>tiality to _! god & to _! bible4 ,! temple is ! c5tre & inspiration ( ! ,sikh religion4 ,! ,sikhs are an int]e/+ p4 ,!y ralli$ r\nd "o ( ! multitude ( ! ,h9du religi\s re=m]s1 nam$ ,nanak ,%ah1 :o e/abli%$ ?is cult ab\t ! end ( ! fifte5? c5tury4 ,x may be call$ an amalgam ( ,mohamm$anism & ,h9duism4 ,x unites ! mono!ism & ! /]n morality ( ! =m] ) mu* ( ! petty ritual ( ! latt]4 ,x does n obs]ve ca/e4 ,/ill1 9 out] matt]s ( obs]vances1 ,sikhs are n easily di/+ui%able f ord9>y ,h9dus4 ,!y1 also1 h b\nd !mselves into a milit>y ord]1 :i* gives !m almo/ ! di/9ction ( a nation4 ,= ?is reason !y are among ! v be/ mat]ial :i* ! c\ntry furni%es = ! native army1 & are wor?y to /& %\ld] to %\ld] ) ,european soldi]s4 ,illu/ration3 ,,ca%m]e ,,gate1 ,,delhi ,?is religion is peculi>ly a book religion4 ,x has deg5]at$ into a species ( bibliolatry4 ,_! bible conta9s ! tea*+s & s]mons ( ! f\nd] ( ! fai?2 & x pres5ts ! highe/ /&>d ( morality & c\rage1 & appeals ) special p[] to ?is /urdy tribe ( ! nor?4 ,?is book is call$ ,gran?1 & is g5]ally spok5 ( z ,gran? ,sahib1 :i* we may translate z ,mr4 ,book6 ,t is1 !y give x a dignity & a p]sonality :i* is unique 9 any fai?2 & ! ,gold5 ,temple is l>gely us$ z ! receptacle ( ! ,gran?1 ( :i* !y keep a few copies protect$ by cov]s1 :i*1 h[ev]1 !y remove 9 ord] to %[ !m to u z we pass by4 ,9 sev]al p>ticul>s ?is fai? is unique4 ,!y h no idols or alt>s1 b meet once a week = pray] & praise4 ,_! prea*] reads passages f ! ,gran? & prays to _! god1 :o may be rea*$ ?r\gh ! int]cession ( ,nanak ,%ah1 8 prophet & _! r$eem]4 ,!y s+ hymns simil> to ^? us$ 9 ,prote/ant wor%ip1 & celebrate communion by p>tak+ ( waf]s ( unleav5$ bread4 ,_! congregation d n object to ! pres5ce ( /rang]s1 b usually invite !m to p>ticipate 9 ! wor%ip4 ,!re are ab\t two & a qu>t] million ,sikhs 9 ! ,prov9ce ( ! ,panjaub1--! l& ( ! five riv]s4 ,:ile 9 ?is city1 "o is tempt$ to look at ! ,khalsa ,college1 "o ( ! in/itutions e/abli%$ by gov]nm5t 9 diff]5t p>ts ( ! l& = ! suitable tra9+ ( native pr9ces4 ,"h "o may f9d "y ,sikh nobles & weal?y l&lords1 to ! numb] ( five hundr$1 be+ qualifi$ = ! high responsibilities :i* are be=e !m4 ,we hurry back f ! nor? 9 a s\!a/]n direction ov] a di/ance ( eight hundr$ miles & rea* ! city ( ,b5>es1 on ! riv] ,ganges4 ,!re is h>dly a riv] 9 ! _w :i* produces m f]tility & :i* br+s su/5ance to m p ?an ! div9e ,ganges4 ,! riv] is n only deifi$1 b is reg>d$ z "o ( ! mo/ pot5t deities ( ,india4 ,f "t immemorial1 ,b5>es1 or ,kasi1 :i* is built ^u ! banks ( ! ,ganges1 has p>tak5 ( ! sanctity ( ! riv]1 & is reg>d$ by dev\t ,h9dus z ! mo/ sacr$ spot 9 ! _w4 ,to die )9 ! radius ( t5 miles f its c5tre is sure & et]nal bliss1 ev5 to ! outca/ & ! defil+ :ite man6 ,_m ?\s&s are br\ght annually f all p>ts ( ! l& to die at ?is sacr$ place1 & h _! a%es scatt]$ ^u ! wat]s ( ! holy riv]4 ,_m ?\s&s ( o!rs :o die 9 all p>ts ( ! l& h _! bodies burn$ & _! a%es br\ght1 by lov+ relatives ^u pilgrimage1 to ?is city to be spr9kl$ ^u ! tides ( ! ,ganges1 :i* insures et]nal re/ to ! dep>t$ s\ls4 ,:at ,mecca is to ,mohamm$ans1 m ?an ,j]usalem is to ,jews1 is ,b5>es to dev\t ,h9dus4 ,x has m temples & %r9es ?an any o!r equal area 9 ! _w4 ,its prie/s1 :o are call$ ,gangapu?ira 7! ,sons ( ! ,ganges71 are legion4 ,!y h _! emiss>ies at pr9cipal railway /ations = hundr$s ( miles f ! city1 always on ! look\t = pilgrims1 & ga!r+ up pilgrim b&s to lead !m on ) ev] increas+ numb]s to _! temples4 ,! idols ( ?is city are legion4 ,b !re is no?+ "h :i* impresses "o m ?an its squalid fil?1 & ! abject degradation ( ! p :i* cr[d its /reets4 ,! temples are extremely dirty4 ,!re is n "o ( impos+ size or ( dec5t attractiv5ess4 ,!re /&s ! monkey-temple1 :]e scores ( mangy1 tricky brutes are daily sumptu\sly f$ by dev\t pilgrims4 ,on "o side ( ! prec9ct a clev] but*]-prie/ sev]s ) "o /roke ! heads ( goats :i* are br\ght = sacrifice to ! ?ir/y deity4 ,z 9 ,madura1 s 9 ,b5>es1 ! great god ( ! ,h9du is ,siva4 ,b ! "* ( ! wor%ip :i* is r5d]$ to him & to o!rs ( 8 cult is f> f ennobl+ :5 n actually revolt+4 ,& ! phallic emblem ( ?is god is ev]y:]e f\nd 9 8 temples & is sugge/ive ( def9ite evils connect$ ) 8 wor%ip4 ,! sadde/ & mo/ grewsome ( all objects :i* impress "o 9 ?is c5tre ( ,h9duism is its burn+ ,ghaut4 ,to ! side ( ! riv] _m bodies are br\ght daily1 ea* wrapp$ 9 a :ite clo?1 & are deposit$ j :]e !y are half cov]$ by ! wat]4 ,)9 t5 feet ( ?is place we see p>ties ( pilgrims ba?+ 9 & dr9k+ ( ! sacr$ wat] ( ! riv]1 utt]ly reg>dless ( ! proximity ( corpses above /ream6 ,f "t to "t corpses are pick$ out ( ! wat] & plac$ ^u piles ( wood ne> by4 ,ea* pile is ignit$ & ! body r$uc$ to a%es4 ,^! a%es are c>efully collect$1 lat] on1 & spr9kl$1 ) appropriate c]emonies1 on ! face ( ! riv]4 ,day aft] day1 & ye> aft] ye>1 ?is ceaseless procession ( ! dead takes place1 :ile up /ream & d[n /ream ! bank ( ! riv] is cov]$ ) m5 & wom5 :o fatally believe t by ba?+ 9 ?is dirty /ream !y are wa%+ away _! s9s & prep>+ !mselves = f9al absorption & et]nal re/ 9 ,brahm6 ,b5>es rem9d$ ! writ] ( ,rome4 ,he nev] realiz$ ! degradation possible to ,*ri/ianity until he visit$ ,! ,et]nal ,city1 ) its huge %ams & gha/ly sup]/itions4 ,he nev] saw ,h9duism ) its myriad inane rites & debas+ idolatry half s grotesque1 idiotic1 & repulsive1 z 9 ?is city ( ,b5>es1 :]e "o ought to see ! religion ( ^! two hundr$ odd million p at its be/1 & n at its wor/4 ,x is a positive relief to g out ( ! city1 a di/ance ( f\r miles1 to ,s>na?1 :]e ! great ,buddha--,! ,enlight5$ ,"o--sp5t _m long ye>s 9 e/abli%+ 8 fai? & 9 inculcat+ 8 ,doctr9e ( ! ,:eel4 ,x is a beautiful drive to ! bir?place ( "o ( ! greate/ _w fai?s4 ,v little b ru9s meets ! inquir+ gaze ( ! visitor4 ,"s ( ^!1 h[ev]1 are v impressive1 especially ! great /upa1 or t[]4 ,x n[ /&s a hundr$ & t5 feet high & n9ety-?ree feet 9 diamet]4 ,x 0 v sub/antially built1 ! l[] "p fac$ by imm5se blocks ( /ones :i* 7 clamp$ toge!r ) iron4 ,& ?is fac+ 0 cov]$ ) elaborate inscriptions4 ,! upp] "p 0 built ( brick4 ,at ! foot ( ?is /rik+ ru91 built 9 ! remote pa/ z a monum5t to an anci5t fai?1 dev\t ,buddhi/s f all p>ts ( ! _w come = wor%ip & m$itation ^u ! vanity ( life4 ,! day be=e ! writ] arriv$1 ! ,lama ( ,tibet sp5t "h a few h\rs wor%ipp+ & seek+ ! bless+ ( ! ,enlight5$ ,"o4 ,ne> by1 gov]nm5t is mak+ a s]ies ( excavations & is discov]+ v int]e/+ relics connect$ ) ?is anci5t mona/]y f\nd$ by ! ,buddha4 ,already a beautiful specim5 ( an ,asoka pill> & a v>iety ( int]e/+ sculptures h rew>d$ _! indu/ry4 ,"o c imag9e no place m de> to ! contemplative ,buddhi/ ?an ?is c5tre ( ! activities ( 8 great ,ma/]1 :]e he sp5t _m ( ! be/ ye>s ( 8 life 9 exp\nd+ ! tea*+s ( 8 new cult1 & 9 lead+ _m s\ls t[>d ! light = :i* he _h /ruggl$ ) s mu* ( h]oic self-d5ial1 & :i* _h ultimately dawn$ ^u him "u ! sacr$ ,boh tree at ,buddha ,gaya4 ,9 ?is ext5d$ pilgrimage1 dur+ :i* we h s\ght anci5t & mod]n expressions ( ! _m fai?s :i* h dom9at$1 or :i* n[ dom9ate1 ! p ( ?is l&1 we h come into t\* n only ) ^? tol]ant fai?s :i* h f\nd _! orig9 "h1 or :i* h f\nd refuge & popul>ity 9 ?is p59sula1--su* z ,h9duism1 ,demonolatry1 ,buddhism1 ,ja9ism1 ,zora/rianism1 & ,sikhism4 ,we h also come into t\* ) ! ?ree mo/ intol]ant fai?s ( ! _w1--,*ri/ianity1 ,mohamm$anism1 & ,judaism4 ,!re is no l& :]e ^! ?ree religions h suff]$ less ( opposition ?an 9 ,india4 ,inde$1 x is n f p]secution & opposition t !y h /ood 9 mo/ dang]1 b f frat]nal contact1 gr[+ appreciation1 & ultimate absorption4 ,! ,h9du m9d1 l ! ,h9du fai?1 has a fatal facility = accept+1 semi-assimilat+1 & f9ally absorb+1 all ( religi\s belief & conviction t may come into contact ) x4 ,& ?is nev] necess>ily involves ! ab&on+ ( ! old beliefs4 ,,*apt] ,,iii ,,burma1 ,,! ,,beautiful ,9 ord] to appreciate ! wide ext5t ( ! ,briti% ,empire 9 ! ,ea/1 "o ne$s to travel ov] ! ma9 l9es ( ,india & !n /eam a ?\s& miles across ! ,bay ( ,b5gal to ,burma4 ,l&+ at ,rangoon1 :i* is ! doorway ( ! l&1 he reemb>ks ^u "o ( ! sumptu\s ,irrawady ,riv] boats & /eams nor?w>d ano!r ?\s& miles into ! v he>t ( ! c\ntry4 ,?us )\t leav+ ! ea/]n empire "o c sp5d weeks ( mo/ int]e/+ travel1 & pass ?r\gh t]ritories inhabit$ by peoples ( sep>ate racial types & ( totally diff]5t tongues4 ,p]haps no o!r region ( ! _w c furni% su* a v>iety ( climes & su* m>k$ contra/s ( national habits & co/umes4 ,& yet1 all ?is va/ t]ritory has be5 br\ght into subjection to ! ,briti% cr[n & furni%es facilities & conv5i5ces ( travel :i* are really m>vell\s 9 ! ,ea/4 ,burma is politically & indu/rially a "p ( ,india4 ,x is a ri* c\ntry1 ) f\r magnific5t riv]s rea*+ ne>ly its :ole l5g?1 furni%+ abundant facilities = *eap travel & comm]ce1 & c>ry+ f]tility into all sections ( ! l&4 ,x is ! l& ( rice1 ( teak1 & ( oil4 ,^! are ! triple s\rces ( ,burmese indu/ry1 comm]ce1 & weal?4 ,nev] 0 a l& ri*] ?an ?is 9 alluvial soil1 9 refre%+ ra9s1 & 9 b\ntiful riv]s4 ,x is "o great expanse ( liv+1 paddy gre54 ,! teak timb] furni%$ by ! mighty =e/s ( ?is l& is c>ri$ to _m l&s4 ,! ext5t ( ?is trade may be imag9$ f ! /atem5t t ! ,bombay-,burma ,trad+ ,company 9 ,burma employs ?ree ?\s& elephants = haul+ its timb] to ! riv]4 ,e two elephants are "u ! c>e ( ?ree m52 s t !re are =ty-five hundr$ m5 9 *>ge ( ^! animals alone4 ,burma is call$ ! ,l& ( ,pagodas4 ,! fir/ object :i* attracts ! eye soon aft] ! %ip ent]s ! riv]1 & :ile /ill tw5ty miles f ! h>b\r1 is ! f>-fam$ pagoda ( ,s*wey ,dagon1 9 ,rangoon4 ,buddhism is preem95tly ! fai? ( ,burma4 ,all ! p h be5 = _m c5turies its adh]5ts4 ,& ! pagoda is ! outw>d emblem ( t fai?4 ,:at ! *ur* is to ,*ri/ianity1 & ! temple is to ,h9duism1 ! pagoda 7sometimes call$ dagoba7 is to ,buddhism4 ,x is ! f>!/ remov$ f ! ,*ri/ian conception ( a place ( wor%ip4 ,9 ,*ri/ianity1 l>ge edifices are erect$ :]e ! multitude c meet to unite 9 public wor%ip4 ,9 ,h9duism1 a temple is l>gely ! abode ( ! idol1 :i* is ! outw>d emblem ( _! god4 ,9 x !re is no place = public wor%ip or = an assembl$ audi5ce4 ,9 ,buddhism1 !re is n ev5 a god to wor%ip1 s t !re is no int]ior to ! pagoda4 ,x is l ! pyramid ( ,egypt1 "o massive solid /ructure1 b ( an elongat$ bell %ape4 ,! highe/ "p ( x1 correspond+ to ! h&le ( ! bell1 is call$ hti1 & is usually cov]$ ) preci\s metal4 ,x is a reliqu>y r ?an a place ( wor%ip2 & e pagoda ( note is suppos$ to be ! receptacle ( a few hairs or bones ( ! ,buddha6 ,inde$1 if "o believe ! memb]s ( t fai?1 ! anatomy ( t great man 0 m>vell\s & is /ill v promiscu\sly di/ribut$ ?r\gh v>i\s l&s ( ! ,ea/6 ,illu/ration3 ,,s*wey ,,dagon ,,pagoda1 ,,rangoon ,! ,s*wey ,dagon pagoda is a v prom95t object2 = x is n only ?ree hundr$ & sev5ty feet high1 b is also built on an artificial m\nd :i* is a hundr$ & sev5ty feet 9 height4 ,x is elaborately decorat$1 & its hti is mo/ly ( solid gold1 encru/$ ) preci\s /ones pres5t$ to ! pagoda by ,k+ ,m9doon ,m94 ,b :ile ! pagoda itself impresses "o ) its massive proportions1 x is ! exquisite gr\p ( numb]less little %r9es or temples :i* surr\nd ! pagoda1 e "o ( :i* holds "o or m l>ge images ( ! great ,buddha1 t furni% ! ri* s5se ( beauty & *>m :i* prevail4 ,^! little %r9es are ei!r built ( m>ble or ( ri*ly c>v$ teak1 or ( glass mosaic2 & e "o tries to excel e o!r 9 its delicate *>m4 ,& ^u ne>ly e "o ( ^! %r9es !re are sweet little bells1 :i*1 z ! w9d bl[s1 seem to respond to _s h&s & r+ =? _! g5tle peals ( sacr$ music to ! great f\nd] ( ! fai?4 ,"h1 also1 is a massive bell ( =ty tons1--! ?ird 9 size 9 ! _w4 ,x 0 once c>ri$ away by ! ,briti% & lo/ 9 ! ,rangoon ,riv]4 ,b ! p lat] receiv$ p]mission to se>* = x4 ,!y f\nd x1 & ) g5u9e pride & triumph rais$ x & re/or$ x to _! pagoda4 ,x is "o ( ! peculi> ironies ( hi/ory t 9 ?is l& ( ! ,buddha1 :o 0 ! greate/ iconocla/1 & :o n only abhorr$ idolatry b also ignor$ deity1 !re %\ld exi/ to-day numb]less images ( him 9 e t[n & hamlet4 ,^! are ( all sizes1 f ! imm5se recl9+ ,buddha ( ,pegu1 :i* is a hundr$ & eighty-two feet long1 & is built ( brick & mort>1 d[n to ! t9ie/ figures c>ri$ on ! p]sons ( individuals4 ,!re is no pagoda or %r9e 9 ,burma ar\nd :i* is n f\nd a l>ge numb] ( ^! images4 ,!y h n ! hide\s de=mity ( ,h9du idolatry2 b pres5t ei!r ! b5ign & complac5t1 or ! calm & contemplative1 expression :i* _c fail to impress itself ^u ! national "* ( ! p4 ,& "o may say1 ) confid5ce1 t 9 ?is matt] ! tru? ( ! prov]b is v]ifi$1--,l god1 l p4 ,"o may leave ,rangoon 9 a com=table tra91 & 9 ab\t eighte5 h\rs rea* ! old capital ( ,upp] ,burma1 ! beautiful ,m&alay1 :i* is ne>ly f\r hundr$ miles di/ant4 ,! same j\rney may be tak5 by ! riv] ,irrawady if "o has m leisure & means2 & he may ?us enjoy "o ( ! mo/ beautiful & sumptu\s riv] j\rneys 9 ! _w4 ,x 0 only tw5ty ye>s ago t ?is "p ( ! c\ntry 0 seiz$ by ! ,briti% )\t blood%$1 & ! fooli% & dissolute ,k+ ,!ebaw 0 made prison] = 8 /upid insol5ce1 & deport$1 ) 8 two wives1 to ,india1 :]e !y are /ill sp5d+ _! days 9 retirem5t4 ,upp] ,burma has1 h[ev]1 put on new beauty & prosp]ity s9ce ! ,briti% h tak5 x ov]2 & ! p are abundantly satisfi$ ) ! new regime4 ,m&alay has also its fam$ ,arrakan pagoda1 :i* claims to h ! only contempor>y lik5ess ( ,buddha on e>?4 ,x is an imm5se braz5 image2 & x is ! occupation ( ! dev\t to gild ! same ) gold-leaf4 ,at lea/ a doz5 m5 & wom5 c be se5 ?us con/antly express+ _! devotion4 ,9 a few ye>s !re w be tons ( gold ?us pa/$ ^u 8 sacr$ body6 ,b alas = ! v&alism :i* lights up its %r9e & ! calm face ( ,buddha by electricity6 ,ano!r fam\s pagoda ( ,m&alay is ! s-call$ ,f\r ,hundr$ & ,fifty ,pagodas ( ! ,law4 ,?is is a k9d ( ,buddhi/ bible 9 /one4 ,x has f\r hundr$ & fifty small %r9es1 e "o ( :i* has a l>ge poli%$ granite slab1 ^u :i* is engrav$ a precept ( ! fai?2 & ! :ole make up a complete body ( ! law1 :i* e memb] ( ! fai? may come & read at 8 leisure4 ,"h1 z at all %r9es1 we notice ! beautiful cu/om ( ^! ,burmese p 9 practis+ _! public devotion ) b\quets ( fl[]s 9 _! h&s4 ,x is t\*+ to see ?is con/ant bl5d+ ( beauty ) piety4 ,! abundant use ( ! c&le1 also1 9 _! wor%ip rem9ds u ( ! ,romi% ritual4 ,we are tak5 ?r\gh ! royal g>d5s & ! des]t$ palaces ( ,m&alay1 :i* are con/ruct$ l>gely1 z _m ( ! h\ses ( ,burma are1 ( exquisitely c>v$ teak1 ris+ "h & !re 9 po9t$ spires1 :i* are inde$ beautiful1 b :i* give ! impression ( ! s-call$ g+]bread /yle ( ar*itecture4 ,^u "o :o has liv$ = _m ye>s 9 ,india !re are two ?+s 9 ,burma :i* make a deep & a v pleas+ impression4 ,illu/ration3 ,,!ebaw',s ,,palace1 ,,m&alay ,9 ! fir/ place1 ! *>m ( ! ,burmese woman is m>k$4 ,%e has none ( ! cr++1 retir+1 self-consci\s mi5 ( ! ,h9du wom54 ,%e is possess$ ( lib]ty & ( equality ) man4 ,h] appe>ance 9 society is bo? mode/ & self-respect+4 ,%e is consci\s ( h] own beauty1 & kn[s h[ to enhance x ) exquisite ta/e4 ,%e is a great lov] ( col\rs1 z is ! ,h9du woman4 ,b ! latt] loves only ! primitive & elem5t>y col\rs2 ! =m]1 on ! o!r h&1 cultivates ! delicate %ades1 & adorns h]self ) silks ( v>i\s t9ts1 su* z attract & fasc9ate4 ,x is = ?is reason t ,burma is call$ ,! ,silk5 ,ea/4 ,h] dress is clumsy & unc\? 9 =m1 &1 9 ?is respect1 is incomp>ably inf]ior to ! graceful clo? ( ,india4 ,b ! woman h]self is lovely1 & ! ta/e :i* %e displays 9 h] p]sonal adornm5t is v attractive4 ,x does n surprise "o to "k t n a few ,europeans m>ry ^! ,burmese ladies ( beauty4 ,b above h] beauty is t pose ( fre$om & self-respect :i* comm5ds h] ev]y:]e4 ,nor is ?is assum$4 ,! woman ( ,burma is ! man ( ! family4 ,9 bus9ess1 & 9 all =ms ( trade1 %e is f> sup]ior to h] "l1 & mu* ( ! support & ! hon\r ( ! family dep5ds ^u h] indu/ry1 clev]ness1 & indep5d5ce4 ,c]ta9ly ,buddhism has produc$1 9 _m respects1 a high] type ( womanhood ?an has ,h9duism4 ,ano!r aspect ( life 9 ,burma is "o t in/antly captivates "o :o goes !re f ,india4 ,x is a l& free f ! trammels ( ca/e4 ,! trail ( ?is s]p5t is ^u all ?+s 9 ,india4 ,x divides m5 at all po9ts1 & robs social life ( mu* t is sweet & beautiful 9 o!r l&s4 ,! great ,gautama vehem5tly attack$ ! ,brahmanical ca/e sy/em1 & "o is glad to see 9 ,burma t t fai? has adh]$ to ?is primitive enmity4 ,"o rejoices to see at ! temples & on ! public /reets1 ev]y:]e1 common eat+ & dr9k+ h\ses1 :]e ! p meet = refre%m5t & = quiet social *at1 )\t any ?\ght ( ca/e to di/urb _! relation%ip & m> _! convivial pleasures4 ,t :i* impresses ! obs]vant ,*ri/ian visitor to t l& is ! triumph & wond]ful a*ievem5t ( mission>y ef=t !re dur+ ! la/ half c5tury4 ,all "k ! works1 ! suff]+s1 & ! results atta9$ by t great prophet ( ,burma1 ,adoniram ,judson4 ,he 0 a sa9t ( ! h]oic m\ld1 & 8 influ5ce w affect ! hi/ory ( t p = c5turies to come4 ,! ,am]ican ,bapti/ ,mission ov]%ad[s1 by its numb]s & success1 all o!r bodies ( mission>ies 9 ! l&4 ,& at ! pres5t "t _! spl5did =ce ( work]s is mak+ a deep impress ^u ! community4 ,b _! success has be5 mo/ly a*iev$ among a v peculi> hill-tribe ( t c\ntry1--! ,k>5s4 ,x 0 long aft] ! ,bapti/s _h begun "w !re t ?is l[ hill-tribe1 ( less ?an two million p1 0 9 ! l[e/ dep?s ( b>b>ism4 ,_! language 0 n r$uc$ to writ+1 & consequ5tly1 !y _h no lit]ature :atev]4 ,b !y _h "o int]e/+ tradition4 ,x _h come d[n to !m1 g5]ation aft] g5]ation1 t _! bible _h be5 lo/1 & t "s day ! ,great ,_s w\ld s5d a fair bro!r f ! ,we/ to re/ore unto !m ! message ( ,god :i* _h disappe>$4 ,! ,fair ,bro!r came 9 ! p]son ( ! ,am]ican mission>y2 & 8 message 0 receiv$ 9 ! assur$ fai? t x 0 div9ely s5t & 0 ! long-lo/ tradition ( _! tribe4 ,f t day =w>d1 ?\s&s ( ! ,k>5 tribe h ev]y:]e accept$ ! ,gospel ( ! ,*ri/1 until !re are1 at ! pres5t "t1 connect$ ) t mission alone1 m ?an "o hundr$ & fifty ?\s& ,k>5 conv]ts4 ,& ?is is by no means all ( ! wond]ful /ory ( ! reg5]ation ( ?is b>b>\s tribe4 ,ei!r by a v wise mission>y /atesman%ip1 or by a r>e inspiration1 su* z we d n see else:]e 9 ! ,ea/1 ^! p h almo/ entirely assum$ ! f9ancial burd5s ( _! own religi\s tra9+ & in/itutions1 & are always quick1 ev5 beyond _! means1 to respond to e ,gospel claim ^u _! purse4 ,! /ory ( _! (f]+s1 9 view ( _! extreme pov]ty1 is m>vell\s 9 its self-d5ial & outgo+ g5]osity4 ,! writ] sp5t a few days at ! mission>y c5tre 9 ! outskirts ( ,rangoon4 ,^u t comp\nd !re 0 a memorial *ur* t _h co/ #cj1jjj1 ( :i* ! ,k>5 ,*ri/ians _h giv5 all1 save a grant made by gov]nm5t = a few adjo9+ class-rooms4 ,?ree bungal[s & o!r build+s ( value are also f\nd !re1 & ! :ole prop]ty is own$1 n by ! mission1 b by ! ,k>5s !mselves4 ,t5 miles away f ?is is ! l>ge/ !ological sem9>y 9 ! ,ea/1 ) m ?an "o hundr$ & =ty /ud5ts "u tra9+4 ,= ! ma9t5ance ( ?is1 aga91 ^? poor ,k>5 ,*ri/ians gladly impose ^u !mselves a family tax1 & h ! sweet consci\sness t _! y\? are be+ tra9$ = ,*ri/ian s]vice ?r\gh _! own self-d5y+ endeav\r4 ,^! p 7 9 social scale s l[ t !y _h practically no music ( _! own4 ,!y h !re=e readily tak5 to we/]n music4 ,& x is a/oni%+ to he> h[ well !y s+ our we/]n tunes1 & ev5 r5d] solos & qu>tettes at public ,european functions 9 a way t calls =? he>ty encores4 ,x is v]ily ! bir? ( a nation 9 a day4 ,s t 9 ?is l& ( _m wond]s ! movem5t among ! ,k>5 p seems to be ! mo/ wond]ful ( all4 ,among ! ,k>5s1 ,ko ,san ,ye /&s =? z a unique figure ( int5se int]e/4 ,he has be5 call$ ! ,moody ( ,burma4 ,he is absolutely illit]ate4 ,:5 ab\t ?irty ye>s old1 he lo/ 8 wife & 8 only *ild2 & f9d+ no com=t 9 8 ance/ral demonolatry1 he turn$ to ,buddhism = relief & retir$ to a m\nta9 retreat & became kn[n & e/eem$ among 8 p z a dev\t ascetic & a holy man4 ,) ! (f]+s ( 8 p he built two pagodas & a mona/]y4 ,b 8 s\l f\nd no re/ !re4 ,9 #ahij1 he 0 baptiz$ z a ,*ri/ian1 ) "o hundr$ & =ty ( 8 foll[]s4 ,he !n obta9$ a grant ( tw5ty ?\s& acres ( wa/e l& f gov]nm5t1 & e/abli%$ a village :i* n[ numb]s sev]al hundr$ h\ses4 ,8 influ5ce ov] 8 own p is amaz+1 & is ! result ( sup]/iti\s rev]5ce & awe4 ,he regrett$ t 8 ignorance prev5t$ him f prea*+ ! ,gospel2 b he ?\ght t 8 influ5ce ov] ! p %\ld be rightly us$ 9 ! ,"l's s]vice4 ,s he devot$ himself to ! collection ( funds = religi\s purposes among 8 p4 ,& 9 ?is "w he has _h almo/ fatal success1 = 8 fell[-,*ri/ian ,k>5s h respond$ to 8 appeals = money to ! ext5t ( at lea/ #acj1jjj4 ,9 view ( ! exce$+ pov]ty ( ! p1 ?is sum seems almo/ fabul\s4 ,mr4 ,ko ,san ,ye is kn[n by all to be p]fectly dis9t]e/$ 9 ! use ( ! money intru/$ to him4 ,n a c5t /icks to 8 h&s2 & he rev]5tly & tru?fully speaks ( x z ! ,"l's money4 ,b 8 judgm5t is n comm5surate ) 8 piety4 ,ev5 ! mo/ fri5dly _c say t he has wisely adm9i/]$ ?is sacr$ tru/ ( 8 poor bre?r54 ,he has erect$ *ur*es1 s*ools1 & re/-h\ses :i* are altoge!r too sumptu\s = ! p4 ,he sp5t ?\s&s 9 ! pur*ase ( a f9e /eam-laun* = ! conv5i5ce ( 8 p on ! riv] side4 ,he !n pur*as$ a rice-mill :i* br+s a fair income to ! mission4 ,he has add$ to ^! two f9e & exp5sive automobiles1 9 ! small] ( :i* ! writ] _h1 = him1 ! unique pleasure ( a delightful sp9 ?r\gh ! city ( ,rangoon & its suburbs1 "u ! guidance ( a ,k>5 *auffeur6 ,x 0 8 fir/ automobile ride2 & to ?9k ( x z be+ enjoy$ 9 a vehicle b\ght by poor ,*ri/ians ( ,burma6 ,/range to say1 ! p cont9ue to repose implicit confid5ce 9 him1 ev5 to ! ext5t ( mortgag+ _! prop]ty1 9 ord] to add to ?is public fund4 ,x is to be hop$ t ?is good man may soon submit m to mission>y guidance4 ,ko ,san ,ye is b an int]e/+ episode 9 ! wond]ful progress ( a nation f ! dep? ( b>b>ism to ,*ri/ian privilege & civiliz$ life4 ,! mission>ies (t5 d>e n h him pres5t dur+ ! baptism ( new conv]ts1 le/ !y %\ld ?9k t !y 7 baptiz$ 9 ! "n ( ,ko ,san ,ye r ?an 9 ! "n ( ,*ri/6 ,& yet x is said t ! two lead+ *>act]i/ics ( ?is /range man are 8 humility & 8 unselfi%ness6 ,! ,k>5s1 ) all _! l[l9ess & b>b>\s antec$5ts1 are excell5t mat]ial to "w ^u1 & are respond+ ) wond]ful eag]ness to ! mission>y endeav\r made 9 _! behalf1 & are already1 9 _m noble qualities1 reveal+ to ! native ,*ri/ians ( ! ,ea/ ! way ( asc5t to nobility ( "* & to ! highe/ ,*ri/ian possession4 ,,*apt] ,,iv ,,! ,,h9du ,,ca/e ,,sy/em ,! ^w ca/e is d]iv$ f ! ,lat9 t]m ca/us1 :i* signifi$ purity ( bre$4 ,x 0 ! t]m us$ by ,vasco da ,gama & 8 fell[-,portuguese adv5tur]s1 f\r c5turies ago1 z !y l&$ ^u ! s\?we/]n coa/ ( ,india & began to /udy ! social & religi\s condition ( ! p4 ,! ^w express$ to !m ! rem>kable bond :i* held ! p toge!r2 ! subsequ5t g5]ations ( =eign]s & ,engli%-speak+ natives h adopt$ x z ! mo/ appropriate t]m to express ! unique sy/em :i* prevails all ov] ,india4 ,no o!r p1 9 ! hi/ory ( ! _w1 h erect$ a social /ructure comp>able to ?is ( ,india4 ,= tw5ty-five c5turies x has controll$ ! life ( ne>ly "o-six? ( ! human race4 ,o!r c\ntries h1 or h _h1 tribal connections1 class di/9ctions1 trade unions1 religi\s sects1 philan?ropic frat]nities1 social guilds1 & v>i\s o!r organizations4 ,b ,india is ! only l& :]e all ^! are practically weld$ toge!r into "o consi/5t & mighty :ole1 :i* dictates ! e detail ( human relation%ip & controls ! :ole de/9y ( man = "t & et]nity4 ,= x %\ld be rememb]$ t ,india has consi/5tly decl9$ to recognize any di/9ction betwe5 ! social & ! religi\s4 ,^! are ! rev]se & ! obv]se ( life2 !y are br\ght to ! same rules & mu/ yield ob$i5ce to ! same au?ority4 ,religion1 to ! ,h9du1 p]meates ! :ole social doma92 & social ord] draws its sanctions f1 & is en=c$ by ! p5alties (1 religion4 ,to m>ry outside "o's ca/e1 to eat food cook$ by an outca/1 to cross ! ocean1 to delay unduly ! m>riage ( a daught]1--^!1 & a ?\s& o!r del9qu5cies :i* may seem absolutely h>mless to a ,we/]n]1 are n only reg>d$ z social irregul>ities1 b also z s9s ^: p5alties w h>ass ! s\l beyond ! grave or burn+-gr\nd4 ,h]e9 does ca/e reveal its uniqu5ess1 & f ?is does x pass on to ! ex]cise ( its extraord9>y tyranny ov] ! p4 ,i ,! orig9 ( ca/e is a subject ( mu* unc]ta9ty & debate4 ,9 anci5t ,v$ic times1 ca/e 0 unkn[n4 ,society1 9 ^? days1 0 m ela/ic & free1 & resembl$ t ( o!r l&s4 ,& yet x %[$ a t5d5cy t[>d a me*anical division :i* lat] grew into ! ca/e sy/em4 ,x 0 n until ! "t ( ! great lawgiv]1 ,manu1 ab\t tw5ty-five c5turies ago1 t ! sy/em cry/alliz$ into laws1 & ! organization became s compact z to =ce itself ^u all ! p & become an integral "p ( recogniz$ ,h9du law4 ,manu & o!r lawgiv]s f\nd ! basis ( ca/e rules 9 ! traditions ( an anci5t ,brahman tribe4 ,^! !y elaborat$ & en=c$4 ,! anci5t "n = ca/e 0 v>na1 :i* means col\r4 ,?is "n is sugge/ive1 & has l$ _m au?orities to trace back ! :ole sy/em to orig9al race-purity1 z indicat$ by ! col\r ( ! sk94 ,! fir/ incursion ( ! fair ,aryans f ! nor?we/ settl$ d[n1 x is claim$1 9 ! nor!rn portions ( ! c\ntry4 ,!y gradually m+l$ & int]m>ri$ ) ! d>k-sk9n$ ,dravidian & aborig9al population1 ) ! natural consequ5ce ( a loss ( race-purity & ( :it5ess ( complexion4 ,a subsequ5t desc5t ( a new ,aryan ho/ ^u ! pla9s ( nor!rn ,india f\nd ! desc5dants ( _! pr$ecessors ( d>k] hue ?an !mselves1 :i* bespoke _! race deg5]acy2 s !y kept alo( f !m4 ,lat]1 h[ev]1 !y began to m+le ) ! =m] inhabitants1 s t _! desc5dants p>tly lo/ ! ance/ral complexion4 ,a /ill lat] ,aryan incursion decl9$ to h int]c\rse ) ! desc5dants ( ^? :o la/ prec$$ !m4 ,?us we h f\r classes divid$ ^u ! basis ( col\r1 or v>na1 :i* may correspond ) ! f\r great orig9al ca/es ( ,india4 ,! traditional !ory ( ! ,h9dus !mselves1 9 ref]5ce to ca/e orig91 is admirably simple & q adequate to satisfy n9ety-n9e p] c5t ( ! devotees ( t fai? to-day4 ,brahma1 ! fir/ god ( ! ,h9du triad1 ! ,creator1 0 ! imm$iate s\rce & f\nd] ( ! ca/e ord]2 = he caus$1 x is said1 ! augu/ ,brahman to proce$ out ( 8 div9e m\?1 :ile ! w>like & royal ,k%atriya emanat$ f 8 %\ld]s1 ! trad+1 comm]cial ,vaisya1 f 8 ?ighs1 & ! m5ial ,sudra1 f 8 feet4 ,& f ^! f\r primal classes h desc5d$1 ?r\gh myriads ( p]mutations & m+l+s1 ! pres5t hydra-head$ ca/e organization4 ,b mod]n & sci5tific /ud5ts ( ! social ord] ( ,india entirely disc>d & ignore all ,h9du my?ical explanations & ,puranic leg5ds conc]n+ ?is subject1 & endeav\r to trace ! pres5t sy/em to its s\rces & primal causes ?r\gh pati5t hi/oric rese>* & ?r\gh a mo/ elaborate sy/em ( an?ropometric & e?nographic exam9ations conduct$ all ov] ! l&4 ,! subject1 h[ev]1 is s va/ & complicat$ t au?orities ^u ! subject are /ill consid]ably at v>iance 9 _! !ories ( orig94 ,we may conv5i5tly classify ! prevail+ !ories1 accord+ to _! emphasis1 z foll[s3-- 7a7 ,! ,religi\s ,!ory4--,?is gives emphasis to ! religi\s influ5ce z ! dom9ant "o 9 ! =mation ( ! social ord] ( ! l&4 ,x is ma9ta9$ t ! clev] & unscrupul\s ,brahman has1 to a l>ge ext5t1 orig9at$ x & nurs$ x into its pres5t wond]ful proportions1 9 ord] to create & p]petuate 8 own supremacy among ! p ( ,india4 ,z ! spiritual head ( ,h9duism1 & ! recogniz$ s\rce ( religi\s p[] among its devotees1 he requir$ & devis$ ?is organization1 ) himself z its undisput$ head1 & ) a di/9ct recognition by all o!rs ( 8 supremacy 9 ! ,h9du fai? z a conditio s9e qua non ( _! admission z ca/es into ! ,h9du sy/em4 ,up to ! pres5t day1 ! public acceptance ( ! supreme religi\s au?ority ( ! ,brahman is "o ( ! two conditions :i* qualify any p to admission into ! si/]hood ( ,h9du ca/es4 ,! o!r condition is sep>ation f all o!r peoples 9 matt]s :i* w be h]eaft] m5tion$4 ,!re are pot5t reasons = accept+ ?is !ory2 = ! /rongly entr5*$ position :i* religion /ill holds 9 ! sy/em1 bo? z a basis & z a regulator1 not)/&+ o!r antagoniz+ influ5ces1 is a te/imony to its orig9al place & p[] !re94 ,any social ord] ^: direction is regulat$ by social injunctions & ^: =ms & ritual are en=c$ by religi\s p5alties mu/ be recogniz$ z a mighty religi\s sy/em4 7b7 ,! ,tribal ,!ory4--,moreov]1 !re 7 _m aborig9al tribes :i* ent]$ ! ranks ( ,h9duism ?r\gh ! =mation ( new ca/es4 ,mr4 ,risley1 9 ! ,c5sus ( #aija1 ref]s to su*4 7,see ,vol4 ,i1 p4 #eba74 ,!y gradually ab&on$ _! old tribal cu/oms & ent]$ ^u new pa?s :i* br\ght !m into con=mity ) ,h9du usages4 ,or 9 "s cases !y pres]v$ tribal habits & ev5 _! tribal totems1 & baptiz$ !m into ! new fai? & ?us became sep>ate ca/es 9 ! ,h9du ord]4 ,z 9 ! pa/1 s all ov] ,india at ! pres5t mom5t !re is go+ on a process ( ! gradual & ins5sible trans=mation ( tribes into ca/es4 ,! /ages ( ?is op]ation are 9 !mselves difficult to trace4444 ,!y usually set up z ,rajputs1 _! fir/ /ep be+ to />t a ,brahman prie/1 :o inv5ts = !m a my?ical ance/or1 supplies !m ) a family miracle connect$ ) ! locality :]e _! tribes are settl$1 & discov]s t !y belong to "s hi!rto unhe>d-( clan ( ! great ,rajput community4 7,c5sus #aija1 ,vol4 ,,ii1 p4 #eai47 ,x is precisely ! same process :i* br\ght ! _m ,dravidian & ev5 m primitive tribes ( ,s\? ,india into ! ,h9du fold2 & x is a curi\s fact t ^! same p are to-day ! greate/ /ickl]s 9 ! l& = ca/e & its myriad rules4 7c7 ,! ,social ,!ory4--,"s hold ) ,sir ,d5zil ,ibbetson1 9 ! ,c5sus ,report ( #ahha1 t ca/e is f> m a social ?an a religi\s in/itution2 t x has no necess>y connection :atev] ) ! ,h9du religion1 fur!r ?an t "u t religion c]ta9 ideas & cu/oms common to all primitive nations h be5 develop$ & p]petuat$ 9 an unusual degree4 ,?is is ackn[l$g$ to be an exagg]at$ /atem5t4 ,x may possibly be true t ca/e has no necess>y connection ) ,h9duism1 b x is emphatically true t ca/e1 z und]/ood by all1 does n exi/ ap>t f t fai?4 ,x is1 h[ev]1 a fact t divisions h occurr$ )9 ca/es1 ow+ to ! developm5t ( slight social diff]5ces betwe5 ! memb]s4 ,= in/ance1 sev]al ca/es h be5 creat$ by ! degradation ( memb]s ( ! exi/+ ca/es on acc\nt ( _! m>riage ( wid[s4 ,! ,p&>ams ( ,s\? ,india are held 9 di/9ction among ! begg+ ca/es because ( _! ab/5tion f meat1 alcohol1 & wid[ m>riage4 ,inde$1 x is int]e/+ to note t a =m] ca/e /atus has be5 m frequ5tly lo/ by1 & degradation to a new ca/e has be5 consequ5t ^u1 ! adoption ( wid[ m>riage1 ?an ?r\gh almo/ any o!r act4 ,&1 at pres5t1 ?is prohibition ( ! m>riage ( wid[s1 includ+ *ild wid[s1 is ! mo/ t5aci\sly & unrighte\sly en=c$ ca/e cu/om 9 ,india4 7d7 ,! ,occupational ,!ory4--,all reg>d fell[%ip 9 ! same trade1 or occupation1 z ! mo/ prolific s\rce ( ca/e alignm5t1 9 mod]n times at lea/4 ,ibbetson cont5ds t ! :ole basis ( div]sity ( ca/e is div]sity ( occupation4 ,! old division into ,brahman1 ,k%atriya1 ,vaisya1 ,sudra1 & ,mle*ha1 or outca/1 :o is bel[ ! ,sudra1 is b a division into ! prie/1 ! w>rior1 ! husb&man1 ! artisan1 & ! m5ial4444 ,william ,prie/1 ,john ,k+1 ,edw>d ,f>m]1 & ,james ,smi? are b ! survivals 9 ,engl& ( ! f\r v>nas ( ,manu4 7,c5sus ( #ahha47 ,?is /atem5t ne$s s]i\s qualification4 ,f>m+1 :i* is foll[$ to-day by a majority ( ! population ( ,india1 is an occupation :i* is subsidiz$ by no ca/e & is foll[$ practically by ! memb]s ( all ca/es4 ,! ,brahmans are ! only ones :o are degrad$ by foll[+ ! pl\gh4 ,& !re is a gr[+ numb] ( trades1 introduc$ by mod]n civilization1 :i* h n yet be5 t\*$ by ! ca/e sy/em1 & :i* ! ent]pris+ y\? ( diff]5t grades ( ,h9du society are ent]+ ) eag]ness4 ,& yet1 :ile ?is is a fact1 x is equally true t ! functional type ( ca/es is develop+ & spread+ mu* m rapidly ?an any o!r4 ,9 ! t[n ( ,madura1 a few ( ! families1 f ! weav] ca/e1 op5$ a remun]ative trade 9 ! manufacture ( fireworks4 ,!y at fir/ began x z an extra1 to add to _! v meagre income4 ,gradually x encroa*$ ^u _! "t until x became _! sole occupation4 ,to-day !y are prosp]+ 9 _! new trade4 ,b to !m & _! ca/em5 _! *ange ( trade involves ! transf] ( ca/e relations4 ,no long] be+ weav]s1 !y d n see h[ !y c cont9ue to be b\nd by ties to _! =m] ca/em5 or =m] fell[-tradesm52 h5ce ! old connubial & convivial bonds ( ca/e are relax+1 & ! weav]s decl9e to h fell[%ip ) !m z =m]ly on ^! l9es4 ,?us1 9 all p>ts ( ! l&1 we h pres5t-day illu/rations ( ! creation ( functional ca/es4 ,& x is an int]e/+ inquiry :e!r ?is mania = creat+ a new ca/e = e ris+ trade & occupation w f9ally ov]come & absorb all occupations creat$ by ! dem&s ( mod]n life & advanc+ civilization1 or :e!r x w 9 "t succumb to ! _s ( mod]n progress until all occupations %all be emancipat$ f ! tyranny ( ca/e & %all be op5 to all m5 :o desire to ent] !m4 7e7 ,! ,cross+ ,!ory4--,accord+ to ,manu's ,dh>ma ,sa/ra "o might be l$ to believe1 z ,h9dus d /\tly ma9ta91 t ne>ly all mod]n ca/es h be5 creat$ by int]bre$+4 ,^? ca/e laws ( tw5ty-five c5turies ago taught t ! (fspr+ ( ! union ( a woman ( high] ) a man ( l[] ca/e c\ld belong to ! ca/e ( nei!r p>5t1 & !re=e =m$ a new & a sep>ate ca/e4 ,! names ( ca/es ?us =m$ are giv5 ) mu* detail 9 ,manu's works4 ,b x does n require mu* wisdom = "o to p]ceive ! absurdity ( ! work+ out ( su* a sy/em1 & ! impossibility connect$ ) x z an adequate basis = ! ca/e organization ( ! pres5t day4 ,yet int]bre$+ has d\btless be5 an important elem5t 9 ! elaboration ( ! /up5d\s ca/e organization4 ,we h abundant illu/ration ( ?is v process & its results 9 mod]n times4 ,among ! ,dravidians1 especially1 !re are _m ca/es :i* trace _! orig9 to misceg5ation4 ,among ! ,munda tribe we f9d n9e su* divisions2 also five among ! ,mahilis1 :o !mselves claim _! desc5t f ! union ( a ,munda ) a ,san?al woman4 ,?is w n be unexpect$ :5 x is rememb]$ t endogamy is ! prime law ( mo/ ,h9du ca/es2 & ?is1 too1 9 a l& :]e immorality & adult]y are s preval5t4 ,o!r s\rces ( ,h9du ca/es are m5tion$4 ,"s1 l ! ,mahrattas1 h beh9d !m national traditions1 & a hi/ory to :i* !y ref] & ( :i* !y are pr\d4 ,o!rs1 /ill1 h1 by migrat+ f ! home ( ! "m ca/e1 sev]$ _! connection f ! p>5t /ock & h =m$ a sep>ate & indep5d5t ca/e4 ,x is unnecess>y to /ate t n "o ( ! above !ories is adequate to acc\nt = all ! exi/+ ca/es ( ! l&4 ,^! =ces h ent]$1 ) v>y+ degrees ( effici5cy1 into _! /ructure1--"o be+ dom9ant z a causal p[] 9 "o1 & ano!r 9 ano!r4 ,& yet x may be /at$ t ( all ^! ca/e-produc+ =ces religion & occupation h _h m>k$ preem95ce2 & !y are m influ5tial to-day ?an ev] be=e4 ,,ii ,we %all next consid] ! v>i\s ,*>act]i/ics or ,manife/ations ( ,ca/e4 ,! sy/em is a v flexible "o2 & yet its *>act]i/ics are practically ! same 9 all p>ts ( ! c\ntry4 ,p]haps ! be/ way to cle>ly describe ^! to a we/]n read] is to quote at l5g? :at we may call ,mr4 ,risley's capital we/]n p>aphrase ( ! sy/em 9 ,blackwood's ,magaz9e1 a decade ago4 ,let u1 he writes1 imag9e ! great tribe ( ,smi? 444 9 :i* all ! subtle nuances ( social m]it & dem]it h be5 set & h>d5$ into positive regulations affect+ ! int]m>riage ( families4 ,! ca/e ?us =m$ w\ld trace its orig9 back to a my?ical eponym\s ance/or1 ! fir/ ,smi?1 :o conv]t$ ! r\gh /one hat*et into ! bronze battle-axe & took 8 "n f ! 'smoo?' weapons t he wr\ght = 8 tribe4 ,b\nd toge!r by ?is tie ( common desc5t !y w\ld recognize z ! c>d9al doctr9e ( _! community ! rule t a ,smi? mu/ always m>ry a ,smi?1 & c\ld by no possibility m>ry a ,br[n or a ,jones4 ,b1 ov] & above ?is g5]al canon1 two o!r modes or pr9ciples ( gr\p+ )9 ! ca/e w\ld be conspicu\s4 ,fir/ ( all1 ! entire ca/e ( ,smi? w\ld be split up into an indef9ite numb] ( 9-m>ry+ clans1 bas$ ^u all sorts ( trivial di/9ctions4 ,brew+ ,smi?s & bak+ ,smi?s1 hunt+ ,smi?s & %oot+ ,smi?s1 temp]ance ,smi?s & lic5s$ victuall] ,smi?s1 ,smi?s ) d\ble-b>rell$ names & hyph5s1 ,smi?s ) d\ble-b>rell$ names )\t hyph5s1 ,cons]vative ,smi?s & ,radical ,smi?s1 t9k] ,smi?s1 tailor ,smi?s1 ,smi?s ( ,m]cia1 ,smi?s ( ,wessex1--all ^! & all o!r imag9able v>ieties ( ! tribe ,smi? w\ld be1 z x 71 cry/alliz$ by an inexorable law =bidd+ ! memb]s ( any ( ^! gr\ps to m>ry beyond ! circle m>k$ out by ! clan "n4444 ,?us a ,hyph5-,smi? c\ld only m>ry a ,hyph5-,smi?1 & s on4 ,secondly1 & ?is is ! po9t :i* ,i m especially wi% to br+ out "h1 runn+ ?r\gh ?is endless s]ies ( clans we %\ld f9d ano!r pr9ciple at "w break+ up ea* clan into ?ree or f\r small] gr\ps :i* =m a sort ( asc5d+ scale ( social di/9ction4 ,?us ! clan ( ,hyph5-,smi?s1 :i* we take to be ! cream ( ! ca/e--! ,smi?s :o h atta9$ ! cr[n+ glory ( d\ble names securely weld$ toge!r by hyph5s--w\ld be aga9 divid$ into1 let u say1 ,anglican1 ,diss5t+1 & ,salvationi/ ,hyph5-,smi?s1 tak+ ord9>y rank 9 t ord]4 ,n[ ! rule ( ^! gr\ps w\ld be t a man ( ! ,anglican c\ld m>ry a woman ( any gr\p1 t a man ( ! ,diss5t+ gr\p c\ld m>ry into 8 own or ! l[e/ gr\p1 :ile ! ,salvationi/ ,smi? c\ld only m>ry into 8 own gr\p4 ,a woman c\ld1 "u no circum/ance1 m>ry d[n into a gr\p bel[ h]4 ,o!r ?+s be+ equal1 x is cle> t two-?irds ( ! ,anglican girls w\ld get no husb&s1 & two-?irds ( ! ,salvationi/ m5 no wives4 ,^! are "s ( ! re/rictions :i* w\ld control ! process ( mat*-mak+ among ! ,smi?s if !y 7 organiz$ 9 a ca/e ( ! ,indian type4 ,!re w\ld also be re/rictions z to food4 ,! diff]5t 9-m>ry+ clans w\ld be preclud$ f m>ry+ toge!r1 & _! possibilities ( reciprocal ent]ta9m5t w\ld be limit$ to ^? products ( ! confection]s' %ops into ! composition ( :i* wat]1 ! mo/ fatal & effective vehicle ( c]emonial impurity1 _h n ent]$4 ,fire purifies1 wat] pollutes4 ,x w\ld foll[ 9 fact t !y c\ld eat *ocolates & o!r sweetmeats toge!r1 b c\ld n dr9k tea or c(fee1 & c\ld only p>take ( ices if !y 7 made )\t wat] & 7 s]v$ on metal1 n porcela91 plates4 ,mr4 ,risley might h add$ consid]ably to ^! re/rictions & limitations )\t exhau/+ ! catalogue4 ,let u briefly enum]ate ^? elem5ts :i* ent] into ca/e4 ,! fir/ & ! mo/ important is int]m>riage )9 ! ca/e4 ,none except memb]s ( totemi/ic ca/es c1 ) impunity1 look beyond ! sacr$ bord]s ( _! own ca/e = conjugal bliss4 ,s long z ca/es rema9 endogam\s !y w pres]ve _! integrity1 & _! f\ndations w nev] be remov$4 ,?is is ! fons et origo ( ca/e p]petuity4 ,all o!r *>act]i/ics may pass away2 if ?is rema91 all is well ) ! organization4 ,& x is ?is :i* rema9s ) devili% p]t9acity & mis*ief-work+ p[] 9 ! infant ,native ,*ri/ian ,*ur* ( ,india4 ,x is ?is same extreme evil :i* ! social re=m]s ( ,india are try+ to puncture4 ,b all t !y d>e to /ruggle & hope = is ! "r ( memb]s ( subdivisions ( any ca/e to int]m>ry4 ,a g5]ation ago1 !re 7 #ahhf divisions 9 ! ,brahman ca/e alone1 no two ( :i* c\ld enjoy connubial or convivial privileges toge!r4 ,x is n up to ! mo/ sangu9e re=m] ( ,india to seek t all ,brahmans enjoy ! "r ( int]m>ry+1--he only asks t ! divisions among ! ,brahmans may be r$uc$1 & int]m>riage may be sanction$ among subdivisions4 ,yet ev5 ?is meagre que/ is n likely to be gratifi$4 ,?is is n surpris+1 = ! def5d]s ( ! sy/em well "k t if ?is /ronghold ( ca/e is at all weak5$1 ! :ole w spe$ily yield to mod]n attack4 ,?is1 d\btless1 is ! reason :y or?odox ,h9dus are s vehem5t 9 _! opposition to any & all endeav\r to remove ! _m disabilities & cruelties :i* ! m>riage regulations ( ! l& inflict ^u ,h9du wom54 ,!re is no l& "u ! sun ^: weak] sex suff] m f m>ital legislation ?an ,india2 & yet ! p c d no?+ practically to rem$y ! cry+ evils ( ! same1 simply because ! mighty eng9e ( ca/e is array$ aga9/ !m4 ,its p]petuity is l9k$ closely ) ! resi/ance ( all ef=ts at re=m4 ,next 9 importance to ! connubial is ! convivial legislation ( ca/e4 ,x is ! bus9ess ( e memb] ( a ca/e to cons]ve ! purity ( 8 g5s by eat+ only ) 8 fell[-ca/em54 ,"u no circum/ance c he int]-d9e ) ^? ( a ca/e bel[ 8 own4 ,! dictates ( ca/e 9 ?is matt] are sometimes beyond und]/&+4 ,n only mu/ a man eat ) ^? ( 8 own connection2 he mu/ be v scrupul\s z to ! s\rce ( ! articles :i* he is ab\t to eat2 he mu/ "k :o h&l$ !m1 & especially :o cook$ !m4 ,"s articles ( food1 su* z fruit1 are n subject to pollution2 :ile o!rs1 preem95tly wat]1 are to be v c>efully gu>d$ aga9/ ! pollut+ t\* ( ! l[] ca/es4 ,! writ] has ent]$ a railway c> & accid5tally t\*$ a ,brahman's wat]-pot "u ! seat1 :]eupon ! disgu/$ own] seiz$ ! vessel & imm$iately p\r$ out ( ! c> w9d[ all its cont5ts4 ,x has be5 truly said t t mon/] ( cruelty1 ,nana ,sahib ( ,cawnpore1 0 able1 )\t any violation ( ca/e rules1 to massacre _m innoc5t ,engli% wom5 & *ildr5 at ! "t ( ! great ,mut9y2 b to dr9k a cup ( wat] out ( ! h& ( "o ( ^? t5d] victims ( 8 trea*]y & rage w\ld h be5 a mortal s9 aga9/ ca/e1 su* z c\ld be aton$ = only 9 future bir?s & by ! fi]y tortures ( hell6 ,! rationale ( ?is int]diction is d\btless ! desire to pres]ve ! purity ( ca/e blood4 ,z food becomes a "p ( ! body1 &1 z ! ,h9du ?9ks1 ( ! life1 x is imp]ative t all ! memb]s ( a ca/e %all eat only ! same k9d ( food1 & also t :i* has n be5 subject$ to ! c]emonially pollut+ t\* ( outsid]s4 ,?is urg5cy is increas$ by ! fact t diff]5t ca/es proscribe diff]5t articles ( diet4 ,! ,siv>1 s-call$1 are /rict veget>ians1 & w h absolutely no communion 9 food ) meat-eat]s1 ev5 ?\gh ! latt] may belong to a high] ca/e ?an !mselves4 ,meat ( any k9d is an abom9ation to !m4 ,o!r respectable ca/es w t\* only *ick5 meat1 o!rs mutton1 a v few pork1 :ile no ca/e w p]mit its memb]s to eat beef4 ,no s9 is reg>d$ by ! or?odox ) m horror ?an t ( kill+ & eat+ ! fle% ( ! c[1--! mo/ sacr$ & mo/ commonly wor%ipp$ animal ( ,india4 ,^! convivial rules ( ca/e are ! greate/ ob/acles to social union & fell[%ip among ! p ( ,india4 ,we/]n]s h>dly realize ! ext5t to :i* _! communion is bas$ ^u ! convivial habit4 ,_m times a fri5d%ip :i* la/s a lifetime is =m$ by /rang]s sitt+ toge!r at ! common d9n] table4 ,&1 9 ! same way1 are ! old fri5d%ips ( life g5]ally r5ew$ & cem5t$ 9 ! ,we/4 ,& x is a significant fact t ! ,*ri/ian fai? antagonizes ,h9duism at ?is v po9t by enact+ t its great ,sacram5t ( love & communion ( life 9 ,*ri/ be embodi$ 9 a p]petual & univ]sal dr9k+ ( ! same cup & eat+ ( ! same bread4 ,9 no?+ is ,h9duism becom+ m manife/ly a burd5 to ! educat$ community ?an 9 ?is re/riction ab\t int]-d9+2 & 9 no?+ are !y m ready1 z we %all see lat]1 to violate ca/e cu/oms ?an 9 ?is matt]4 ,!n comes1 z a natural consequ5ce ( ! above1 limitations to ! contact ( p]sons ( diff]+ ca/es4 ,if a ,brahman _c eat ) a ,sudra1 because x suppos$ly br+s a ta9t to 8 pure blood1 no m c he1 ) impunity1 come into p]sonal contact ) him4 ,! t\* ( su* is pollution to 8 augu/ & pure p]son2 & ! v air ! l[ ca/es brea! br+s to 8 s\l & body ta9t & poison4 ,?is idea ( c]emonial pollution by contact causes great inconv5i5ce & tr\ble1 & = t reason has be5 consid]ably mitigat$ or modifi$ 9 rec5t times4 ,! ,rajah ( ,co*91 :o lives tempor>ily ne> ! writ]1 & :o is evid5tly a /ickl] = ca/e obs]vances1 receives calls f ,european fri5ds only be=e n9e o'clock 9 ! morn+1 = ! obvi\s reason t t is ! h\r ( 8 daily ablution4 ,! ,mah>ajah ( ,travancore ba!s at #g ,a4,m4 daily2 h5ce1 int5d+ ,european gue/s f9d reception only be=e t e>ly h\r4 ,9 ! ,/ate ( ,travancore1 9 :i* ,brahmanical influ5ce is great1 ev5 ! high ca/e ,nair _c t\*1 ?\gh he may approa*1 a ,namburi ,brahman4 ,a memb] ( ! artisan ca/es w pollute 8 hol9ess tw5ty-f\r feet (f2 cultivators at =ty-eight feet2 ! beef-eat+ ,p>iah at sixty-f\r feet4 ,l ! ,pale/9ian lep] ( old1 ! l[-ca/e man ( t "p ( ,india 01 until rec5tly1 expect$ to leave ! road :5 he saw a ,brahman come1 & remove 8 pollut+ p]son to ! requir$ numb] ( feet f 8 sacr$ pres5ce4 ,l[-ca/e witnesses 7 n all[$ to approa* a c\rt ( ju/ice1 b /&+ )\t1 at ! requisite di/ance1 to yell _! te/imony to ! ,brahman judge :o sat 9 uncontam9at$ purity )94 ,! fall+ ( ! %ad[ ( a l[-ca/e p]son ^u any ,brahman 9 ,india necessitates an ablution on ! "p ( ! latt]4 ,x is ?is frequ5cy ( contam9at+ & pollut+ cont+5cies 9 ! life ( ! ,brahman :i* requires ( him s _m ablutions daily1 & :i* r5d]s him p]haps ! cleane/ 9 p]son among ! sons ( m54 ,s _m are ! dang]s ( contam9ation :i* daily beset him 9 ! ord9>y pursuits ( life t relief 9 ! =m ( disp5sations is grant$ him1 s z to r$uce ! c]emonies & dim9i% ! extreme burd5 ( religi\s obs]vance4 ,?is law ( contact & pollution mu/ weigh heavily ^u any g5u9e ,h9du ( high ca/e4 ,! relation ( ! ,mah>ajah ( ,travancore to 8 ,prime ,m9i/]1 :o is a ,brahman1 is an int]e/+ illu/ration4 ,! ,rajah is n a born ,brahman2 he is by _m ( 8 p reg>d$ z a manufactur$ ,brahman4 ,b ,8 ,highness himself does n reg>d himself z equal1 9 sacr$ manhood1 to 8 ,brahman ,prime ,m9i/]2 h5ce he w nev] be seat$ 9 8 pres5ce4 ,nor w ! ,brahman ,dewan deign to sit 9 ! pres5ce ( 8 royal ma/]1 ! ,mah>ajah4 ,h5ce all ! bus9ess ( ,/ate 7sometimes requir+ conf]5ces ( ?ree h\rs a day7 is transact$ by !m :ile /&+ 9 ea* o!r's pres5ce4 ,occupational limitations are obs]v$1 z we h already se51 by _m mod]n ca/es4 ,trade ca/es n only prescribe ! "o ance/ral occupation to _! memb]s2 !y also1 ) equal di/9ctness & sev]ity1 prohibit to all )9 _! ranks any o!r "w or trade4 ,s 9 all ^? legion ca/es n only has a man 8 social sph]e & /atus assign$ to him1 he is also ti$ to ! trade ( 8 ance/ors2 yea1 m1 he is expect$ to conf9e himself to ance/ral tools & me?ods ( "w 9 t n>r[ rut ( life4 ,"o day ! writ] 0 acco/$ by a weav] :o 0 9 a fami%+ condition4 ,he made a pa!tic plea = *>ity4 ,man*e/] clo?s 7 flood+ ! m>ket2 !y !re=e c\ld n sell ! products ( _! lab\r at liv+ rates4 ,x 0 sugge/$ t !y take up "s o!r trade t c\ld furni% !m a dec5t liv+4 ,he lift$ up 8 h&s 9 horror at ! impi\s sugge/ion1 t !y ab&on _! ca/e-prescrib$ occupation6 ,he felt t he & 8 7 gr\nd betwe5 ! upp] & ne!r mill/ones4 ,to sugge/ to him t !y ev5 *ange ! k9d or /yle ( article :i* !y prep>$ ^u _! looms = ! m>ket w\ld h be5 equally impossible4 ,out 9 ! villages1 :]e ^! p live1 x w\ld seem almo/ z absurd = ! weav] to become a c>p5t] z = ! weav] :o uses only cotton ?read to become a silk-weav]1 or = ^? :o weave co>se :ite clo?s to produce ! f9] col\r$ clo?s worn by ! wom54 ,no2 = g5]ations _! p h giv5 !mselves to ! production ( only "o article4 ,x is ! cu/om ( our p is ! f9al ^w4 ,& :at has become cu/om>y is by ca/e enactm5t made obligatory4 ,& woe be to him :o defies ca/e4 ,& ?us ! ca/e-prescrib$ trade becomes ! be-all & ! end-all ( life4 ,^! f\r--! connubial1 ! convivial1 ! contactual1 & ! occupational--are ! con/ant factors ( ! ca/e exi/5ce & activity 9 ,india4 ,b 9 addition to ^!1 ca/e takes o!r functions & assumes o!r =ms 9 c]ta9 localities & "u c]ta9 circum/ances4 ,def9ite =ms ( religi\s obs]vance are (t5 enjo9$1 c]ta9 places ( pilgrimage are sanction$1 m>riage =ms prescrib$1 m>riage obligations def9$1 divorce made possible or impossible1 & ! limit ( m>riage exp5ses set4 ,!re is h>dly a dep>tm5t ( life or a duty :i* m5 owe to _! dead :i* does n ent] ! doma9 ( ca/e legislation some:]e or o!r4 ,a /range & v int]e/+ peculi>ity ( c]ta9 ca/es is _! totemi/ic aspect4 ,?is *>act]i/ic has only rec5tly be5 discov]$4 ,at ! bottom ( ! social sy/em1 z und]/ood by ! av]age ,h9du1 we f9d1 9 ! ,dravidian region ( ,india1 a l>ge body ( tribes & ca/es ea* ( :i* is brok5 up into a numb] ( totemi/ic septs4 ,ea* sept be>s ! "n ( an animal1 a tree1 a plant1 or "s mat]ial object1 natural or artificial1 :i* ! memb]s ( t sept are prohibit$ f till+1 eat+1 cutt+1 burn+1 c>ry+1 us+1 etc4 7,see ,c5sus ( #aija1 ,vol4 ,,ii1 pp4 #ecj-ece47 ,mr4 ,j4 ,g4 ,fraz]1 9 ! ,=tnightly ,review1 gives ! foll[+ description ( ! totem3 ,a totem is a class ( natural ph5om5a or mat]ial objects--mo/ commonly a species ( animals or plants--betwe5 :i* & himself ! savage believes t a c]ta9 intimate relation exi/s4444 ,?is relation leads ! savage to ab/a9 f kill+ or eat+ 8 totem1 if x happ5 to be a species ( animal or plant4 ,fur!r1 ! gr\p ( p]sons :o are knit to any p>ticul> totem by ?is my/]i\s tie commonly be> ! "n ( ! totem1 believe !mselves to be ( "o blood1 & /rictly refuse to sanction ! m>riage or cohabitation ( memb]s ( ! gr\p ) ea* o!r4 ,?is prohibition to m>ry )9 ! gr\p is n[ g5]ally call$ by ! "n ,exogamy4 ,?us totemism has commonly be5 treat$ z a primitive sy/em1 bo? ( religion & ( society4 ,9 absorb+ ! ,dravidian tribes1 ,brahmanism appropriat$ ! totemi/ic cult & incorporat$ x into ! ca/e sy/em4 ,& _m ,dravidian ca/es :i* are id5tifi$ ) ?is cult h ! /rik+ peculi>ity ( be+ exogam\s z contra/$ ) ! endogamy ( ! ,aryan section ( ,h9du ca/es4 ,,iii ,! p5alties :i* are inflict$ by ca/e = violation ( its rules are _m & v sev]e4 ,x is h>dly too mu* to say t !re is n on e>? an organization m absolute 9 its p[]1 m wide-rea*+ 9 its sweep ( int]e/s1 & m cru%+ 9 its puni%m5t1 ?an is ca/e4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 x s completely hems 9 ! life ( a man1 imp]atively prescribes = him ! r\t9e ( life1 ev5 d[n to ! mo/ insignificant details1 & ?us %uts him up to 8 own clan1 & ) equal complet5ess cuts him (f f ! memb]s ( o!r ca/es1 t x c r$uce any recalcitrant memb] to c]ta9 & spe$y ob$i5ce1 simply because !re is no "o to :om he c flee = sympa?y & refuge4 ,ev5 if ?is :ole sy/em _h n1 z its fir/ aim & a*ievem5t1 ! ali5ation ( memb]s ( diff]5t ca/es1 :o is !re among ,h9dus t w\ld int]f]e ) ?is function ( a ca/e to discipl9e its memb]s8 ,= is n ,?\ %alt obey implicitly ?y ca/e1 ! fir/ law ( ! ,h9du decalogue1 & ! "o mo/ s9c]ely believ$ by all ,h9dus8 ,! foll[+ are among ! p5alties inflict$ ^u "o :o is "u ! ban ( 8 ca/e3-- ,all ! memb]s ( 8 ca/e are prohibit$ f accept+ 8 hospitality4 ,n ev5 8 own h\sehold are p]mitt$ to d9e ) him4 ,he is boycott$1 absolutely1 by all 8 be/ fri5ds1 associates1 & companions4 ,n "o ( !m d>es1 "u p5alty ( complete o/racism1 to h>b\r or fav\r him4 ,nor w he be invit$ to _! homes4 ,!y d>e n receive him "u ! %elt] ( _! ro(s nor (f] him food4 ,m ?an once ! writ] has se5 ! bitt] tyranny ( ca/e br\ght to be> ^u ^? :o _h ab&on$ ca/e by becom+ ,*ri/ians4 ,"h is a y\? kn[n to ! writ]4 ,he is a memb] ( a respectable ca/e4 ,he accepts ! religion ( ,*ri/ publicly z 8 own4 ,8 p>5ts & bro!rs & si/] w cl+ to him ) ! hope ( br++ him back to ! ance/ral fai?4 ,b ca/e au?ority /eps 94 ,x =bids ! family to receive ! son & bro!r1 or to (f] him a morsel ( food4 ,9 t h\sehold a sad w> ( s5tim5t is inaugurat$4 ,p>5tal love & family t5d]ness cl+ to ! ,*ri/ian y\?2 & is he n ! hope ( ! family = ! ye>s to come8 ,b to h>b\r him means to be outca/ z a family2 & h[ c !y endure t8 ,& are !y n at he>t loyal to ! ca/e ( _! fa!rs8 ,s ! conflict runs on = mon?s4 ,"o night only ! t5d] he>t ( ! si/] compels h] to defy ca/e to ! ext5t1 n ( eat+ ) ! de> bro!r & companion ( h] y\?1 b s f> z to br+ him ! remnant ( _! meal1 n 9 "o ( ! home vessels f :i* he _h eat5 s (t5 z a ,h9du 9 ! pa/1 b on a planta9 leaf & beh9d ! h\se6 ,!n1 ( c\rse1 comes ! connubial ban :]eby all ! memb]s ( ! ca/e are prohibit$ f giv+ any ( _! *ildr5 9 m>riage to ^? ( 8 h\sehold4 ,to ! ,h9du :o believes t m>riage is n only ! ,god-giv5 "r ( e human be+1 b :o also implicitly believes t x is a heav5ly injunction ^: fulfilm5t re/s z a duty ^u e fa!r 9 behalf ( 8 *ildr51 ?is int]dict is ! mo/ oppressive ( all4 ,b x is en=c$ ) he>tless sev]ity 9 e case2 & any family :i* may defy ! ca/e 9 ?is respect by ent]+ into conjugal relation%ip ) t ( ! "o "u ban1 is at once outca/4 ,ano!r mighty res\rce ( ! organization1 9 ?is connection1 is to int]dict to ! recreant memb] ! use ( all ca/e s]vants4 ,= in/ance1 ! ca/e b>b] & wa%]man are comm&$ to s]ve him & 8 no long]4 ,! sev]ity ( ?is int]diction _c possibly be realiz$ by we/]n]s1 :o are n always dep5d5t ^u ^! function>ies4 ,b 9 ,india e "o dep5ds ^u ! b>b] & wa%]man = _! s]vice ev5 m ?an a we/]n] does ^u ! s]vice ( ! but*] or ! doctor4 ,! ,h9du nev] dreams ( ! possibility ( do+ = himself ! duties p]=m$ by ^! ca/e s]vants = him4 ,moreov]1 ! b>b]s & wa%]m5 ( o!r ca/es w\ld1 "u no circum/ance1 be all[$ to r5d] him ! s]vice ?us prohibit$ to him by 8 own ca/e4 ,add aga9 to ^! inflictions ! fur!r "o ( complete isolation 9 times ( dome/ic b]eavem5t4 ,%\ld a memb] ( 8 family die1 n "o ( ! ca/e memb]s is p]mitt$ to help 9 ! la/ sacr$ rites = ! dead4 ,ev5 at t mom5t1 :5 "o w\ld expect ! icy b>ri]s to melt away1 ! he>t ( ca/e is z h>d & its sev]ity z rigid z ev]4 ,! helplessness ( a family "u ^! circum/ances is1 to any "o :o is n a slave to ! :ole accurs$ sy/em1 mo/ pitiful & he>tr5d+4 ,ano!r ca/e p5alty :i* has receiv$ undue public prom95ce ( late is call$ prayas*itta1 :i* means atonem5t4 ,x is usually appli$ z puni%m5t to ^? :o h _h ! tem]ity to cross ! ocean = =eign travel1 bus9ess1 or /udy4 ,m correctly1 x is r a process ( cleans+ & c]emonial rehabilitation ?an an act ( puni%m5t4 ,! exclusiv5ess ( ca/e delight$ 9 call+ all =eign]s ,mle*has1 :i*1 ?\gh p]haps n z vigor\s a t]m z ! ,*9ese sobriquet1 black devils1 connot$1 & /ill connotes1 to ! ca/e ,h9du1 unclean wret*es1 contact ) :om br+s c]emonial pollution & s94 ,he :o cross$ ! ocean w\ld necess>ily be debas$ by ^! defil+ ones & w\ld be1 z a matt] ( c\rse1 engulf$ 9 ! pollutions ( _! life6 ,to prohibit travel1 :i* necess>ily involv$ su* s9 & degradation1 became !re=e ! conc]n ( ! anci5t lawmak]s ( ,india4 ,h5ce ! prayas*itta1 "u :i* ! educat$ community ( ,india *afe s mu* at ! pres5t "t4 ,= _m ( ! be/ & mo/ promis+ y\? ( ,india travel abroad or reside tempor>ily 9 ,engl&1 ) a view to p]fect+ _! educational tra9+ s z to qualify !mselves = highe/ positions ( usefulness 9 ! homel&4 ,o!rs g abroad on bus9ess or to behold & /udy ! wond]s ( we/]n life & civilization4 ,all m5 ( culture & p[] 9 ,india1 at ! pres5t "t1 are conv9c$ ( ! evil & absurdity ( ?is ca/e law1 :i* is common to all ca/es1 because x is a "p ( ! g5]al legislation ( _! religion4 ,!y decl9e to believe t x is ei!r s9 or pollution to g 9 se>* ( ! be/ t ! ,we/ & ! ,ea/ h discov]$ & c be/[ ^u "o1 & t :i* is to-day do+ mo/ 9 ! elevation & r$emption ( ,india h]self4 ,& _m ( !m are defy+ ?is obsolete & debas+ law ( _! fai?4 ,_m o!rs are cry+ = a mod]n int]pretation ( ! law--an int]pretation :i* w expla9 away its bitt]ness & r5d] x innocu\s4 ,= x is n simply or *iefly ! reaction>y & absurd "* ( ?is legislation :i* exasp]ates ! intellig5ce ( ! l&2 x is ! v (f5sive & revolt+ nature ( ! expiation :i* preem95tly /irs up ! rebellion4 ,9 =m] c5turies ( d>kness1 ,h9dus may h be5 will+ to submit to ! humiliation ( eat+ ! five products ( ! c[ z an atonem5t = ! suppos$ s9 ( sea-travel4 ,! culture & intellig5ce ( ! pres5t "t is nei!r s abject nor s sup]/iti\s z to submit to ?is1 )\t1 at lea/1 a vigor\s prote/4 ,& yet1 :at ! culture ( ,india seeks to-day is n ! aboli%+ ( ?is law1 :i* is equally repulsive to _! ta/e & to _! intellig5ce2 x asks only t "s way ( avoid+ ! p5alty may be f\nd6 ,& all t ,h9duism & ca/e require ( ^! =eign-travell$ m5 is n an intellig5t submission to its behe/s1 b an outw>d obs]vance ( !m4 ,s ! fai? & its cons]vative def5d]s are satisfi$ to see ^! m5 ( culture1 z !y return ) ! acquir$ treasures ( ! ,we/1 submit outw>dly to ?is (f5sive rite1 :ile _! s5sitive nature rises 9 rebellion aga9/ x4 ,& ^! "y scions ( ! ,ea/ will+ly practise ?is hypocrisy & submit to ?is indignity 9 ord] to live at peace )1 & inde$ to live at all 91 _! ance/ral ca/e6 ,x is only an illu/ration ( ! holl[ness ( ! major "p ( ! life ( ! educat$ community 9 ?is great l&4 ,well may "o exclaim1 :at c be expect$ f a p ^: lead+ m5 ( culture are liv+ ?is d\ble & mean life6 ,?is is v]ily peace ) di%on\r6 ,,*apt] ,v ,,! ,,h9du ,,ca/e ,,sy/em 7cont9u$7 ,,iv ,! ag5cy ?r\gh :i*1 & ! occasion ^u :i*1 ca/e p5alizes its memb]s are manifold4 ,=m]ly1 ,h9du k+s1 "u in/ruction f _! p&it m9i/]s1 w\ld en=ce ca/e obs]vances4 ,b "u ! pres5t non-,h9du ,/ate no su* action c\ld be expect$4 ,9 _m in/ances p&its h to be consult$ bo? z to :e!r a memb] has really violat$ %a/raic injunctions & z to ! p5alty :i* %\ld be inflict$ 9 t special case4 ,9 d\btful cases1 p&its ( v>i\s tra9+s & lean+s are call$ :o pres5t conflict+ op9ions :i* end 9 confusion4 ,9 ,s\!rn ,india important cases ( ca/e violation among non-,vi%nuvite ,h9dus are "u ! jurisdiction ( ! ,sup]iors ( ,sank>ite mona/]ies4 ,"s ( ^! assume & ex]cise ,papal au?ority 9 su* matt]s among _! p4 ,usually1 h[ev]1 ea* local ca/e organization deals directly ) infractions ( its own rules1 & is compet5t to deal dra/ically1 & z a c\rt ( f9al resort1 ) all cases ( ca/e infr+em5t )9 its own memb]%ip4 ,x may be done 9 public assembly1 :5 all male memb]s are pres5t & h a voice2 or ! ca/e pan*ayat1 or c\ncil ( five1 may sit 9 judgm5t ^u ! case & h "r ( f9al action4 ,?is latt] tribunal is ! m common 9 ,s\? ,india1 & is m 9 h>mony ) ! _s & me?ods ( ! l&4 ,!re are a numb] ( c\rses ( action :i* are adequate z causes ( removal f ca/e4 ,"o ( ^! is a *ange ( fai?4 ,! ab&onm5t ( ! ance/ral religion1 :i* is ! "m ( ca/e _s & organization1 especially :5 ! newly accept$ fai? repudiates op5ly ca/e & all t belongs to x1 inevitably leads to expulsion f ca/e4 ,9 mo/ cases ?is has result$ ^u conv]sion to ei!r ,*ri/ianity or ,mohamm$anism4 ,b ?is is n z univ]sal z we c\ld wi% or z _m suppose1 z we %all see lat] on4 ,x may be se5 h[1 9 a mass movem5t ( a l>ge body ( m5 t[>d ,*ri/ianity1 = in/ance1 ! p may easily1 & w\ld naturally1 c>ry ) !m into ! new fai? _m ( _! old cu/oms & habits1 includ+ mu* t p]ta9s to1 & is ( ! ess5ce (1 ca/e4 ,roman ,ca?olicism has int]pret$ ca/e *iefly f a social /&po9t1 & has !re=e reg>d$ x z a social in/itution :i* c be adapt$ to1 & adopt$ into1 ! ,*ri/ian religion4 ,prote/antism1 or1 at lea/1 ,anglo-,saxon ,prote/antism1 has reg>d$ ca/e z prim>ily & dom9antly a religi\s in/itution1 ^: _s antagonizes fundam5tally our fai?1 & :i* mu/ be oppos$ at all po9ts4 ,h5ce x is a "p ( ! pl$ge ( e "o :o ent]s into ! ,prote/ant fell[%ip 9 ,india t he w es*ew & oppose ca/e at all times4 ,& x may be said t1 ?\gh ,h9duism loves de>ly compromise & evasion1 x has 9 ! ma9 held t a man :o has accept$ ! ,*ri/ian fai? & has be5 publicly baptiz$ into its conviction ( ! fa!rhood ( ,god & ! bro!rhood ( all m51 has no place 9 its own ca/e sy/em1 & x consi/5tly deals ) him z ) an outca/4 ,z we h already se51 e man :o has travell$ abroad has lo/ !reby ca/e & has to und]go expiation be=e re9/atem5t4 ,x matt]s n h[ ?or\ghly he has tri$ to pres]ve ca/e cu/oms dur+ 8 travels & 9 ! =eign l&1 he is reg>d$ by all z a de facto outca/4 ,m>ry+ a wid[ is also an act :i* sev]s ca/e ties & places a man "u ! ban4 ,( c\rse1 ?is applies n to ! few ca/es :i* all[ wid[-rem>riage4 ,b z ! bulk ( ,h9dus d5y ! "r ( a wid[ to rem>ry 7?\gh !re is no ca/e ob/acle to a wid[] tak+ unto himself a new virg9 wife e ye> ( 8 life71 a man _c ent] into an alliance ) a wid[ )\t los+ ca/e !reby4 ,beef-eat+ is reg>d$ z s he9\s a s9 t no memb] ( a respectable ca/e w\ld expect consid]ation = a mom5t4 ,& yet ,dr4 ,j4 ,h4 ,b>r[s has said t ! fam\s ,swamy1 ,vivekanan?a1 :5 ) him at ,*icago1 ate a :ole plateful ( beef 9 8 pres5ce & ) a great deal ( reli%4 ,b he1 ( c\rse1 _h graduat$ out ( ! ord9>y level ( ,h9du-hood into ! sacr$ heights ( ,swamyhood1 9 :i* a man is exempt f ! mean limitation ( ca/e1 & :5 ! vulg> s9s ( common ,h9du life are transmut$ into ! ord9>y bless+s & privileges ( sa9tdom4 ,9 l mann]1 veget>ian ca/es puni% _! memb]s = ! eat+ ( any meat4 ,! ,h9du av]sion to meat is v common2 x is also sanit>y & :olesome2 = meat-eat+ 9 ! tropics is nei!r necess>y nor conducive to heal?4 ,& yet ! ,p>iah outca/ has no scruples 9 ?is matt]4 ,x is inde$ true t he w\ld deem x a s9 to but*] a c[ or an ox2 b he w n hesitate to poison 8 neighb\r's cattle1 t he may !reby h en\gh c>rion to eat4 ,= ! c>cases ( ! dead cattle ( ! village are ! p]quisite ( ! ,p>iah2 & x is ^u f9d+ su* t he enjoys 8 only fea/s ( pl5ty4 ,b to ! ord9>y ,h9du all bov9e k9d are div9e1 & ! fle% ( ! same is /rictly & vehem5tly taboo$4 ,puni%m5t is also dealt out1 z we h se51 to ^? :o eat any food cook$ by an outca/1 :e!r he be ,*ri/ian1 ,mohamm$an1 or ,p>iah4 ,& ! same is true ( eat+ ) an outca/1 or ) "o :o is ( a l[] ca/e ?an himself4 ,inde$1 s f> is ?is _s c>ri$ by c]ta9 high ca/es t to be se5 eat+ by a memb] ( a l[] ca/e1 or to all[ ! %ad[ ( a /rang] to fall ^u "o's prep>$ food1 is pollution4 ,h5ce ! c>e ) :i* all ,h9dus seek privacy & avoid ! gaze ( m5 dur+ mealtime4 ,(ficiat+ z a prie/ 9 ! h\se ( a l[-class ,sudra is /rictly prohibit$ to a ,brahman1 & he loses ca/e !reby4 ,he & o!r twice born are also driv5 out ( ca/e if !y ?r[ away ! sacr$ ?read :i* is ! out] badge ( _! second bir? & dignity4 ,a woman1 :5 f\nd 9 op5 s9 ) a man ( ano!r ca/e1 & a wid[1 :5 %e c no long] hide ! consequ5ce ( h] immorality1 are no long] 9 ca/e4 ,x is h>dly necess>y to m5tion t m>ry+ outside ( "o's own ca/e is a s9 :i* f9ds no c\nt5ance1 b sev]e/ puni%m5t1 9 ne>ly all ca/es4 ,g5]ally speak+1 we may say t ca/e au?ority is ex]cis$ only 9 cases :]e c]emonial obs]vance & social usages are violat$4 ,9 matt]s t are purely e?ical1 & :i* be> ^u ! "* & moral elevation ( ! individual & ! clan1 ca/e r>ely acts2 = x does n consid] t its hon\r is compromis$ or its organic life impair$ by su* conduct4 ,x %\ld also be m5tion$ t ca/e is n ev5 9 ! di/ribution ( its disp5sations & puni%m5ts4 ,a man ( weal? & social influ5ce succe$s 9 /av+ (f _m acts ( ca/e displeasure :i* w\ld fall heavily ^u ! poor & fri5dless man4 ,su* a man may1 & (t5 does1 trample "u foot e comm& ( ! decalogue1 & at ! same "t defy & violate a good moiety ( ! injunctions ( 8 ca/e4 ,& yet1 because ( 8 weal? & g5]al importance 9 ca/e c\ncils1 he /&s unimpea*$ & unrebuk$4 ,9 matt]s ( ca/e obs]vance & discipl9e1 villages are mu* m cons]vative & /rict ?an cities4 ,9 ! latt]1 z we %all see1 ca/e obs]vance is mu* relax$1 & life is m on mod]n l9es4 ,v ,! results ( ! ca/e sy/em 9 ,india are _m & manife/4 ,x has s[n its se$ = _m c5turies & to-day reaps a ri* h>ve/ 9 life & conduct4 ,x %\ld n be assum$1 & x _c be ass]t$1 t ?is great sy/em has always be5 an unmix$ evil to ! p ( ?is l&4 ,no organization :i* has b\nd by its fett]s = eighty g5]ations ne>ly a six? ( ! population ( ! globe1 & :i* cont9ues to grip !m to-day ) tyrannical p[]1 c be devoid ( any r$eem+ feature4 ,! v p]petuity & prosp]ity ( ! s*eme argues = its possession ( "s rational features1 orig9ally connect$ ) x1 :i* gave x sanction to ! myriads :o h submitt$ to its reign ov] !m4 ,b x is exce$+ly difficult to discov] t excell5ce :i* orig9ally comm5d$ x to ! p ( ?is l&4 ,nor d ! writ+s ( ^? :o h /riv5 to def5d ! sy/em assi/ u 9 mak+ ?is discov]y4 ,a mod]n ,brahman def5ce by ,jog5dra ,na? ,bhatta*>ya 7see ,h9du ,ca/es & ,sects1 pp4 #a-aj7 gives only "o ray ( light ^u ! subject :5 he obs]ves t ! legislation ( ! ,ri%is 0 calculat$ n only to br+ ab\t union betwe5 ! isolat$ clans t liv$ 9 primitive ,india1 b to r5d] x possible to assimilate )9 ea* gr\p ! =eign hordes t 7 expect$ to p\r into ! c\ntry f "t to "t4 ,9 ^? remote days :5 weakness ?r\gh isolation ?reat5$ _! v exi/5ce1 & :5 !re 0 no possibility ( a g5]al union ( all ! p = def5ce1 ?or\gh organization ( clans into ca/es br\ght /r5g? & confid5ce & 0 a conspicu\s bless+4 ,x 0 9 ^? days a conv5i5t & effective way ( en=c+ religi\s obligations ^u ! het]og5e\s clans4 ,x also 0 !n probably useful 9 pres]v+ purity ( blood among ! high] races1 & 9 cons]v+ ! nobility ( ! ,aryan :o 0 de/9$ to rule ! mix$ races ( ,india = _m c5turies4 ,nor is ! sy/em )\t possibilities ( good 9 mod]n times1 z 0 illu/rat$ rec5tly by ! action ( a prom95t ,nor? ,india ca/e 9 prohibit+ l>ge exp5ses 9 m>riage & 9 rais+1 by legislation1 ! limit ( ! m>riageable age ( its girls4 ,b1 alas1 any good t may possibly inh]e 9 ! sy/em has l>gely rema9$ 9 posse r ?an 9 esse4 ,! hi/ory ( ca/e has be5 "o ( evil1 & x is no wond] t su* a fair-m9d$ writ] z ,mr4 ,%]r+1 :o has probably made a m ?or\gh /udy ( ! subject ?an any o!r man1 %\ld call ! organization a mon/r\s eng9e ( pride1 diss5sion1 & %ame 7see ,preface to 8 ,h9du ,tribes & ,ca/es74 ,consid]+ ! subject1 !re=e1 9 its be>+ ^u ! life ( ,india to-day1 & /udy+ its results z we n[ f9d !m among all classes ( ! p & 9 _! def9ite be>+ ^u ! future ( ! l&1 we are compell$ to pron\nce aga9/ x at all po9ts4 ,x is1 9 ! fir/ place1 ! s\rce ( int]m9able discord & diss5sion all ov] ! l&4 ,x n only arrays ca/e aga9/ ca/e2 b bitt] animosity is ! ord] ( ! day among ! subdivisions ( ca/es4 ,9 e "o ( ! numb]less ca/es 9 ! l& !re are divisions & subdivisions galore4 ,& :ile ! ,sudras ackn[l$ge ! supremacy ( ! twice born1 among ! myriad clans ( ! ,sudras !mselves !re is endless assumption & cont5tion1 e "o1 fom5t$ by pride1 claim+ primacy & di/9ction above ! o!rs4 ,rec5tly1 9 ,s\? ,india1 ?is feel+ l$ to a s]i\s riot1 9 :i* n a few lives 7 lo/ & villages deva/at$4 ,x also n>r[s ! sympa?ies ( ! p 9 a mo/ lam5table way4 ,among ! common p ( ,india x is held t a man's duties to 8 ca/e embrace 8 :ole obligation4 ,:5 a fell[-be+ is 9 difficulty & 8 condition /rongly appeals = sympa?y1 ! fir/1 & (t5 ! la/1 "q ask$ is1 ,is he a memb] ( my ca/e8 ,if n1 l ! prie/ & ! ,levite ( old1 8 consci5ce all[s him to pass by on ! o!r side4 ,rec5tly a woman p]i%$ 9 ! /reets ( a t[n ne> ,madura4 ,%e 0 a resid5t ( a village "s tw5ty-five miles away1 & 01 !re=e1 a /rang] 9 ?is t[n1 :]e %e sick5$ & 0 c>ri$ to a public re/-h\se4 ,b :5 h] condition became s]i\s & no relatives or ca/e fri5ds came to h] support1 %e 0 put out into ! /reet1 :]e %e lay helpless = ?ree days 9 ! ra9 & sun%9e4 ,hundr$s ( p saw h] dy+ agonies z !y pass$ by dur+ ^? days2 b no he>t ( sympa?y w5t out to h]2 = 0 %e n a /rang]8 ,& x 0 left to an ,am]ican1 :o happ5$ to pass t way on ! ?ird day1 to dem& ( ! t[n (fic] t %e be put back 9 ! re/-h\se1 :]e %e %ortly aft]w>d di$4 ,let x n be ?\ght t ?is is an isolat$ case4 ,he :o is famili> ) ,indian life kn[s x is n1 = daily he has to witness ! w(ul limitations :i* ca/e imposes ^u human sympa?y4 ,ca/e has also degrad$ manual lab\r4 ,! loss ( ca/e by any ,brahman :o foll[s ! pl\gh is only an application ( ?is rule 9 ! highe/ qu>t]s4 ,ca/e has taught ! p ( ?is l& t humble toil1 h[ev] hone/ x may be1 is m ?an mean2 x is s9ful4 ,!re are millions ( ! high] ca/es ( ,india :o deem x hon\rable to beg1 & dignifi$ to sp5d _! ye>s 9 abject laz9ess1 b :o w\ld reg>d x z unspeakable degradation to take a hoe or a hamm] & e>n an hone/ liv+ by ! sweat ( _! br[4 ,nor w _! ca/e rules p]mit ( _! und]tak+ su* "w4 ,& ?is _s has pass$ d[n ! ranks until x p]vades ! :ole ( society 9 ,india1 ) ! consequ5ce t manual lab\r is univ]sally reg>d$ z degrad+1 & ) ! fur!r natural result t a horde ( five & a half millions ( lazy1 wret*$1 immoral1 able-bodi$1 religi\s begg>s are burd5+ ?is l&4 ,& ?us m5dicancy is made hon\rable at ! exp5se ( hone/ toil4 ,x %\ld be fur!r rem>k$ t !re are a numb] ( begg+ ca/es1 9 :i* all "w is proscrib$ & m5dicity exalt$ into a div9ely orda9$ pr(ession6 ,moreov]1 ca/e makes x impossible = ,india to become a comm]cial c\ntry4 ,s long z =eign travel is bann$ & contact ) o!r l&s is reg>d$ z a s9 aga9/ heav5 & ca/e1 !re is little hope t ! p ( ?is l& w di/+ui% !mselves 9 t k9d ( trade & comm]ce :i* has made ,india's mi/ress1 ,great ,brita91 s illu/ri\s 9 weal? & dom9ion4 ,& x is ?is ca/e _s :i* s easily made ! great p59sula ( ,india a prey to ! tight little isl& _m ?\s&s ( miles away4 ,= n only has ca/e made ! ,h9dus an insul> p1 x has also s divid$ !m t !y d n realize any common s5tim5t1 save t ( opposition to ! ,/ate1 or seek any common good4 ,h5ce !y h = _m c5turies be5 ! easy prey ( any adv5tur]s :o s\ght to ov]come & despoil !m4 ,a g5u9e national feel+ & a patriotic s5tim5t are all b impossible 9 ! l&4 ,& all intellig5t ,h9dus ackn[l$ge ?is sad condition at pres5t1 & _m ( ! be/ ( !m publicly ma9ta9 t national consci\sness1 self-rule1 & a gl[+1 triumphant patriotism c be built only ^u ! ru9s ( ! ca/e sy/em4 ,& ev5 z x is a foe to nationality1 s is x ! mortal enemy ( individualism4 ,! ca/e sy/em is really a glorification ( ! multitude z aga9/ ! individual4 ,individual initiative & ass]tion1 lib]ty ( consci5ce1 ! "r ( man to life & ! pursuit ( happ9ess1--all ^! are foibles ( ! ,we/ :i* x has be5 ! *ief bus9ess ( ca/e to cru%2 & ^u _! ru9 x has erect$ ?is mighty t[] ( ,babel4 ,9 ,india1 x has be5 ! bus9ess ( m51 f "t immemorial1 n to d :at !y ?9k to be "r1 nor to f9d out1 e "o = himself1 :at !y consid] to be ! be/ & to act accord+ to ! dictates ( consci5ce2 x has r be5 submission to ca/e dom9ance4 ,& x is ! unblu%+ tea*+ ( ! ,%a/ras t ob$i5ce to ca/e is ! fulfilm5t ( duty & ! summum bonum ( life4 ,s omnipot5t & omnisci5t is ! arm & head ( ca/e t m5 d>e n defy x4 ,h5ce we are compell$ to look 9 ,india to-day ^u ! sadde/ spectacle ( abject manhood ! _w has kn[n4 ,to ^? :o1 l ! writ]1 h sp5t a lifetime 9 try+ to raise ! outca/s & ! l[] /rata ( ,indian society1 ! mo/ difficult & disc\rag+ ob/acle is ! in]tia & ! abjectness ( ! p !mselves4 ,?r\gh a bitt] exp]i5ce ( _m c5turies !y h le>n$ t x does n pay = ! individual to ass]t himself aga9/ ! dictates ( ! ca/e1 or = ! l[] ca/es to rise 9 rebellion aga9/ _! lot4 ,!y discov]$ t !y 7 m]ely butt+ _! heads aga9/ an adamant9e rock4 ,s !y h lo/ e ambition & hope2 & he :o w\ld lift !m up mu/ fir/ remove t lead5 despair :i* re/s ^u !m l a mighty incubus4 ,nor is x mu* bett] ) ! educat$ classes ( ,india4 ,!re are hundr$s ( ?\s&s ( ^! m5 ( we/]n univ]sity tra9+ :o annually assemble 9 ,congress & 9 ,conv5tion1 & :o 9 spotless ,engli% ( ,addisonian acc5t & 9 ! sonor\s phraseology ( a ,macaulay1 disc\rse ^u human rights & :o d5\nce ! bondage ( ca/e tyranny4 ,& yet !y submit1 9 _! own homes1 to t same accurs$ tyranny & are 9 life z abject z ! meane/ ,p>iah 9 ! face ( ca/e edicts :i* !y "k to be unrighte\s & demean+ to ! core4 ,x %\ld also be rememb]$ t ca/e is ! fo/]-"m ( all ! manifold social evils ( ! l&4 ,9 pre-ca/e days 9 ,india su* evils z *ild m>riage1 prohibition ( wid[ rem>riage1 temple wom51 excessive m>riage exp5ses1 etc41 did n exi/4 ,!y are a "p ( ! ca/e regime support$ & p]petuat$ by its au?ority4 ,remove ?is mighty compulsion1 & ^! in/itutions w\ld soon become ?+s ( ! pa/4 ,ano!r evil ( ?is organization is t ( ignor+ ! e?ical & spiritual /&>d & ( measur+ ev]y?+ f a purely =mal & c]emonial /&po9t4 ,all life is r$uc$ into an unceas+ ritual "u ! p]petual prie/ly surveillance ( ca/e4 ,all t x asks ( man is outw>d con=mity4 ,he may disbelieve & hate e comm&m5t ( 8 fai?2 b if he con=ms1 he is a fai?ful son4 ,on ! o!r h&1 he may be a man ( unblemi%$ "*1 & he may ev5 int5d to be ob$i5t to ca/e2 b if1 "s night1 a few enemies 7 to ?ru/ into 8 m\? & compel him to swall[ a piece ( beef1 no p[] c\ld save him f ! dreadful puni%m5t t w\ld foll[4 ,a man may write a tract 9 condemnation & ridicule ( all ! gods ( ! ,h9du pan!on & /ill rema9 an acceptable ,h9du2 b if1 9 ! agony ( a burn+ fev]1 he %\ld dr9k a spoonful ( wat] f ! h&s ( a ,*ri/ian or ( a ,p>iah1 8 ca/e w\ld doom him to p]dition = x4 ,9 o!r words1 ! :ole sy/em directly cultivates1 9 all ! p1 a holl[ness ( life :i* does m ?an any?+ else to rob ,india ( h] manhood & :i* makes nobility ( "* & e?ical integrity mo/ difficult ?+s among ! ,h9du community4 ,a ,brahman g5tleman describ$ ! :ole sy/em z a va/ holl[ %am4 ,& su* x is4 ,,vi ,p>adoxical ?\gh x may seem1 ca/e _s is m preval5t & its influ5ce m dom9ant 9 ,india at ! pres5t ?an 9 ! pa/2 yet !re is m defiance & violation ( ca/e rules & m frequ5t & sure evid5ces ( ! spe$y t]m9ation ( its reign ?an at any previ\s "t4 ,x has rul$ s long & s supremely 9 ?is c\ntry t ! ,h9du accepts x )\t que/ion+2 & x has become m ?an a second nature to him1 ev5 a necessity ( 8 be+4 ,:at w\ld be intol]ably irksome to a ,we/]n] is to ! ,h9du a matt] ( c\rse4 ,to ! rank & file ( ! ,h9dus1 ca/e has ceas$ to be a matt] ( "q4 ,x is ! only ord] ( life ) :i* he is conv]sant2 & :ile he may be conv9c$ by argum5ts :i* prove its cruelty & its _m evils1 he /ill cl+s to x z ! only sy/em "u :i* he kn[s h[ to live & :i* he c>es to obey4 ,z we h already se51 ! ramifications ( ca/e are m num]\s & its au?ority m g5]al to-day ?an at any =m] "t4 ,_m ,h9du re=m]s1 especially ( ! ,vi%nu sects1 h foll[$ 9 ! /eps ( ! great ,buddha1 by d5\nc+ ca/e1 root & bran*1 & h e/abli%$ _! own sects dur+ ! la/ t5 c5turies on a non-ca/e basis4 ,b !y h all succumb$ to ! demon :i* !y antagoniz$ & n[ g5]ally obs]ve ca/e rules ) ! same devotion z o!r ,h9dus4 ,! l[] ! ca/e _s has desc5d$ to ! subm]g$ t5? ( ! l&1 ! m vehem5tly h !y become inoculat$ ) its virus4 ,! outca/ ,p>iah is n to be outdone 9 ?is matt]2 & s we h ,p>iahs & ,p>iahs4 ,_m divisions are f\nd among ?is wret*$ class1 & !y are m exclusive 9 _! divisions & m rigid 9 _! n>r[ness ?an are _m ( ! high ca/es4 ,ev5 ^? :o h ab&on$ ! ,h9du fai? & pr(ess$ ano!r1 d n leave beh9d !m ?is divisive _s4 ,p]haps ! conv]ts f ,mohamm$anism h es*ew$ ,h9du ca/e m ?an conv]ts to o!r fai?s4 ,among ,*ri/ian conv]ts1 ?\gh ca/e is pr(ess$ly ab&on$1 x cl+s ) vital t5acity & almo/ unconqu]able p]si/5ce to _! s5se ( ! fitness ( ?+s4 ,_! deepe/ prejudices & unconsci\s t5d5cies1 ev5 aga9/ _! intellectual convictions & s9c]e pr(essions1 unceas+ly sway ! va/ majority ( !m & lead !m into affiliations & n>r[ sympa?ies :i* are ,h9du & n ,*ri/ian4 ,x is true t ! olde/ ,*ri/ian community 9 ,india1 ! ,syrian ,*ur* ( ,malab>1 has long ab&on$ ! ,h9du ca/e organization1 ) ev5 its mean remnant ( ca/e titles4 ,& yet t community settl$ d[n = _m c5turies into ! conviction t x 0 m]ely "o ca/e among ! _m ( t region & mu/ keep itself alo( f & unta9t$ by ! surr\nd+ ca/es4 ,roman ,ca?olicism1 :i* has /ill ! mo/ num]\s ,native ,*ri/ian community 9 ,india1 has l>gely adopt$ ! ,h9du sy/em & tries to utilize x 9 ! fur!rance ( ,*ri/ianity 9 ! l&6 ,no great] mi/ake 0 ev] made ?an ?is ( try+ to uphold & promulgate ! meekness1 ! humility1 ! love1 & ! fell[%ip ( ,*ri/ by means ( ! haughty pride1 ! cruel hate1 & ! bitt] divisiv5ess ( ca/e4 ,illu/ration3 ,,jungle ,,p ,,( ,,india ,prote/ant ,*ri/ianity is to-day ! pron\nc$ foe ( ca/e4 ,x is w> to ! dea? betwe5 !m1 & ! mission>ies h n yet f\nd a foe to _! cause s subtle1 deceptive1 deep-root$1 p]si/5t1 & p]vasive z ?is4 ,x is =tifi$ by a ?\s& ramp>ts & pres5ts m disc\ragem5t to ! ,*ri/ian work] ?an all o!r ob/acles comb9$4 ,ev5 ,buddhism & ,ja9ism1 ! =m] ( :i* 0 ! anci5t prote/ aga9/ ,h9du ca/e1 h fall5 (t-times a prey to ! subtle & damn+ wiles ( ?is sy/em4 ,9 ,b5gal1 a numb] ( ,h9du ca/es are kn[n to h be5 =m]ly memb]s ( ! ,ja9 & ,buddhi/ communities 7see ,c5sus #aija1 ,vol4 ,,ii1 p4 #ebc74 ,h[ev]1 not)/&+ ?is gr[+ preval5ce & ! m>vell\s t5acity ( ca/e ?r\gh\t ! l&1 !re are enc\rag+ signs ( its decad5ce4 ,its grip is c]ta9ly relax+ 9 _m ways1 & its asp]ities are s(t5+4 ,x may n untru?fully be said t ! gr[+ multiplicity ( ca/es is "o ( ! sure h>b+]s ( ! d[nfall ( ! sy/em4 ,= ! divisions ( ca/e are already beyond computation4 ,! population is cut up into s _m m9ute sections t ! ca/e edifice ov]t[]s ev]y?+ else1 s t x is 9 imm95t dang] ( toppl+ ov]4 ,x is claim$ t w> among civiliz$ nations w soon become an impossibility because ( ! gr[+ deva/at+ p[] ( mod]n weapons ( w>f>e4 ,9 l mann]1 ca/e is spe$ily pass+ ?r\gh its v excesses to a r$uctio ad absurdum2 its _s is s rampant1 & its gross evils are becom+ s intol]able1 t ev5 ! pati5t inhabitants ( ,india w soon cease to endure ! ru9 :i* ?is mon/] ( _! own creation c>ries on among !m4 ,educat$ ,h9dus are already d5\nc+ x ) great vehem5ce & ) consid]able unanimity4 ,!y are conv9c$ t ,india c nev] w9 indep5d5ce & p[] "u ! regime ( ca/e2 & !y proclaim _! convictions ^u ! h\se-top4 ,x is true1 z we h se51 t ca/e has s p[]fully ?r[n its spell ov] !m1 its own *ildr51 t !y are too abject to )/& x op5ly & unit$ly4 ,b ,i believe t !y w erelong be driv5 to action4 ,fur!r1 ob$i5ce & submission w mean ru9 to !m1 _! families1 & _! c\ntry4 ,ev5 n[1 among ! educat$1 especially 9 ,b5gal1 ca/e re/rictions ^u d9+ are be+ increas+ly ignor$4 ,a ,b5galee g5tleman enjoys ord9>y hotel f>e ) app>5tly none to int]f]e ) 8 lib]ties4 ,9 ,madras1 ! writ] has m ?an once rubb$ %\ld]s ) ,brahman lawy]s & o!rs eat+ toge!r ! common f>e ( a well-kn[n re/aurant ( ! city4 ,& he has kn[n ,brahman pati5ts1 high 9 society1 :o did n object ev5 to buy & use n\ri%m5t 9 ! =m ( ,liebig's ,beef-extract1 s long z !y c\ld cov] its (f5siv5ess to ! wom5 ( _! h\sehold by ! euphemi/ic "n meat-extract4 ,& to ?is !y are be+ rapidly c>ri$ by a conjunction ( _m =ces :i* are increas+ly dom9at+ ! l&4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 !y h ! pot5t example ( a ho/ ( we/]n lives among !m4 ,?is body ( :ite p1 f ! f>-(f l&s1 is di/ribut$ all ov] ,india4 ,!y are ! rul]s ( ! l&4 ,a ,brahman may deem _! t\* pollution4 ,b t same ,brahman is (t5 glad to und]go t c]emonial ta9t if !reby he c only enjoy ! :ite man's cultur$ society4 ,he beholds 9 ^! p f ! ,we/ a fre$om f irksome ca/e re/ra9ts4 ,he notices conjugal relations among !m1 su* z furni% ri*e/ home bless+s4 ,_! social relations are untrammell$ & ab\nd 9 convivial privileges su* z are d5i$ to ,h9du society4 ,all ?is creates 9 him an uneas9ess4 ,if he is a man ( culture & resides 9 "s city ( importance1 he w wi% to meet ,engli% fri5ds ^u l9es ( social equality2 b ?is he w f9d to be impossible ap>t f 8 defiance ( ca/e rules2 =1 to ! man ( ! ,we/1 ! common cup & ! fe/al bo>d are ! ess5tial conditions ( true fri5d%ip & intimacy4 ,?us ! life ( ! rul+ race 9 ,india is a con/ant rebuke to ! n>r[ness ( ca/e & a s\rce ( discont5t to ! ca/e-ridd5 p1 because x reveals to !m a diff]5t & a bett] way ( liv+4 ,nor is x m]ely ?is new type ( non-ca/e we/]n life t appeals to !m4 ,! mod]n civilization ( ! ,we/1 ) its humaniz+ laws1 its exaltation ( ! individual1 its religi\s fre$om1 its new & broad5+ education & culture1 its equal rights to e man1 its _m in/itutions ?r\gh e "o ( :i* !re brea!s ! ,anglo-,saxon's bless$ love ( lib]ty1 ! home ) its sanctifi$ affection & its glorifi$ womanhood1 philan?ropy :i* c>ries ) an ev5 h& its sweet s]vices to ! high & ! l[--to ,p>iah z to ! ,brahman1--all ^! in/itutions & influ5ces are at "w l a mighty leav5 9 ! m9d & he>t ( ,india4 ,& ! p _c be bl9d to ?is influ5ce2 & x is gradually trans=m+ _! ideals & ambition4 ,connect$ ) ^! m subtle we/]n civiliz+ ag5cies are f\nd ! mat]ial ag5cies :i* are ! dread foes ( ca/e exclusion4 ,! *ief among ^! is ! railroad1 ! ?irty ?\s& miles ( :i* are s _m tongues to proclaim ! doom ( pa/ n>r[ness4 ,! ,brahman1 ) all 8 mean pride1 _c =ego ! wond]ful conv5i5ces ( ! iron road & ! fire-c>riage2 b 9 ord] to avail himself ( !m1 he mu/ sit an h\r at a "t *eek by j[l ) a l[-ca/e--x may be a ,p>iah--fell[-pass5g]4 ,! railroad gnaws at ! vitals ( ca/e life & convictions4 ,next to x come ! s*ools4 ,millions ( y\? are tra9$ 9 !m daily to reg>d ca/e z an unwor?y classification4 ,all sections are taught 9 ! same classes2 !y play 9 ! same playgr\nd4 ,9 bo? places ! l[] (t5 excels ! high] ca/e boy4 ,! se$s ( equality & a common reg>d are ?us con/antly s[n among ! y\? ( all sections ( ! l&4 ,if x a/oni%$ ! rec5t educational 7,moseley7 ,commission :i* w5t f ,engl& to ! ,unit$ ,/ates to /udy ! educational conditions !re1 :5 x saw ! *ildr5 ( ! ,presid5t ( ! c\ntry /udy+ side by side ) ! *ildr5 ( day-lab\r]s1 s mu/ x seem wond]ful1 & wond]fully good1 to a /ud5t ( social conditions 9 ,india1 to behold ! *ild ( a ,p>iah & t ( a ,brahman prep>+1 side by side1 9 ! s*oolroom1 = ! responsibilities & ! bless+s ( life4 ,_m o!r ag5cies simil> to ! above are do+ _! b5ign levell+ "w4 ,! gov]nm5t1 h[ev]1 is ! great levell]4 ,9 all its gifts ( (fices1 9 all po/s ( hon\r & influ5ce1 x di/ributes its bless+s ) /rict imp>tiality1 s f> z ca/e is conc]n$4 ,x wisely ignores all social di/9ctions & dep5ds ^u qualifications ( culture & "* :5 x seeks m5 to conduct its affairs4 ,?is is some?+ unprec$5t$ 9 ! l& ( ,manu4 ,t ! outca/ %\ld /& an equal *ance ) ! high ca/es = positions ( hon\r & emolum5t 0 unkn[n 9 ?is l& ( %>p di/9ctions4 ,& ev5 m fundam5tal ?an ?is is ! bless+ ( equal p]sonal & political rights4 ,9 anci5t ,india1 su* an idea 0 nev] ent]ta9$4 ,be=e ,briti% rule ent]$ ! l& x 0 nev] dream$ t prie/1 pr9ce1 & begg>--& t ,brahman & ,p>iah--_h equal rights be=e ! law4 ,to-day !y all recognize ! ju/ice ( ?is & expect x4 ,f9ally1 ! adv5t ( ,*ri/ianity1 ) p[]1 into ! l& has br\ght a new dea?-knell to ca/e supremacy4 ,we h se5 t ,indian ,*ri/ian conv]ts ab&on all o!r cu/oms & sup]/itions ) great] facility ?an !y d ^? ( ca/e4 ,its roots h sunk deepe/ into ! soil ( _! nature4 ,b let x n be ?\ght t !y d n gr[ /rong] aga9/ ca/e ?an !y us$ to be4 ,9 ! ,indian ,*ri/ian community !re is develop+ a mo/ enc\rag+ movem5t t[>d ! complete eradication ( ca/e s5tim5t & obs]vance )9 ! ,*ur* itself4 ,!y are m s5sible ?an ev] be=e ( ! gross inconsi/5cy ( a man's tak+ ^u himself ! sacr$ "n ( ,*ri/ & at ! same "t submitt+ to ! dom9ance ( ca/e4 ,indian ,*ri/ian anti-ca/e organizations are n[ at "w seek+ to drive out ( ! ,*ur* ( ,god 9 ,india ?is ,anti*ri/1 & to cultivate ! true _s & am5ities ( ,*ri/ian fell[%ip & frat]nal communion4 ,! _s ( ,*ri/ is abroad 9 ! l& 9 reg5]at+ & trans=m+ p[]4 ,8 great message to ! _w 0 ! common fa!rhood ( ,god & ! bro!rhood ( man4 ,& ! ,*ri/ian ,*ur* is gr[+ increas+ly true to ! message ( its ,lead] & ,"l 9 ?is c\ntry4 ,m5 may n accept ! ,*ri/ian call to believe & to be baptiz$2 b !y _c be bl9d & deaf to ! "w & call ( ! ,_s ( ,*ri/ 9 ^! mod]n times ( ?rill+ *anges & opportunities4 ,x is ?is ,*ri/ian ideal :i* is runn+ a?w>t ! mo/ anci5t & *]i%$ in/itutions & cu/oms ( ,india1 & has precipitat$ a conflict su* z ! l& has nev] be=e kn[n4 ,b ! end is n yet1 & ca/e w n be hurl$ d[n f its high p$e/al 9 a day4 ,x is a mighty in/itution :i* has its root 9 deepe/ s5tim5ts & is su/a9$ by *]i%$ antiquity & by ! /ronge/ passions & prejudices4 ,^! w n succumb 9 a brief g5]ation4 ,& ev5 :5 ,*ri/ianity %all h triumph$ & %all h driv5 out its rival fai? f ! l&1 z we h e reason to believe t x w1 let x n be suppos$ t ! ,*ri/ianity ( ! ,ea/ w h ! social complexion ( t ( ! ,we/4 ,9 ! e>lie/ days ( ,*ri/ianity1 we are told by ! great ,apo/le to ! ,g5tiles t !re 7 h]esies 9 ! ,*ur*4 ,^! 7 social h]esies or class divisions4 ,x 0 lat] 9 ! ,we/ t h]esy became an error ( belief4 ,! ,indian ,*ur* w also h h]esies ( life r ?an ( ?\ght4 ,! ca/e _s w n vani% entirely f ,india1 ev5 :5 x becomes ,*ri/'s l&2 because :ile ,india is always indulg5t & tol]ant conc]n+ beliefs1 %e is p>ticul> ab\t class di/9ctions4 ,& ?is1 d\btless1 w be ! weakness ( ! ,indian ,*ur* ( ! future4 ,b %e w h h] /rong po9ts1 also1 & 9 ^! %e w glory & ?r\gh !m glorify h] exalt$ ,"l4 ,,*apt] ,,vi ,,! ,,bhagavad ,,gita--,,! ,,h9du ,,bible ,! ,bhagavad ,gita 7translat$ ,! ,song ( ! ,adorable ,"o & ,! ,div9e ,lay7 is rightly reg>d$ z ! gem ( all ,h9du sacr$ lit]ature4 ,h9dus ma9ta9 7& few w "q !m7 t 9 beauty ( language & 9 elevation ( ?\ght x /&s supreme among _! ,%a/ras1 or sacr$ writ+s4 ,educat$ ,h9dus pr\dly claim = x sup]iority to all sacr$ books ( o!r fai?s4 ,( all anci5t ,brahmanical writ+s x is to-day ! mo/ *]i%$ by ! memb]s ( t fai?4 ,! anci5t ,rig ,v$a is at pres5t only a book ( antiqu>ian int]e/4 ,! ,upani%ads1 :i* are ! f\nta9head ( ,h9du ?\ght & philosophy1 are only ! text-books & treasure-h\ses ( philosoph]s & metaphysicians4 ,b ! ,div9e ,lay is extoll$ & us$ alike by m5 ( we/]n culture1 by cons]vative p&its1 & by ! masses z _! highe/ book ( doctr9e & _! ri*e/ treasury ( devotion4 ,ev5 _m ,h9dus :o h come "u ! fasc9ation ( ! ,*ri/1 c>ry ) !m ^u _! j\rney+s ! ,new ,te/am5t 9 "o pocket & ! ,bhagavad ,gita 9 ! o!r1 z ! common guide & inspiration ( _! quiet h\rs ( m$itation4 ,x is ?us univ]sally recogniz$ t !re is no book :i* wields a l>g] influ5ce ?an ?is 9 ! religi\s life ( ! two hundr$ & ?irty millions ( ,h9dus to-day2 & !re is none :i* is m wor?y to be call$ ! ,h9du ,bible4 ,i ,9 /range contra/ ) ! bulky tomes ( ,brahmanism & ( ! great epic1 ,mahabh>ata 7:i*1 ) its two hundr$ & =ty ?\s& l9es1 is ! longe/ epic ev] writt51 be+ eight times z long z ! ,odyssey & ! ,iliad put toge!r71 ! ,bhagavad ,gita conta9s only sev5 hundr$ slohams1 & is n z long z ! ,gospel ( ,/4 ,m>k4 ,! date ( ! orig9 ( ! ,song is v mu* disput$4 ,!re are ,h9du au?orities :o w\ld c>ry x back to ! fif? c5tury ,b4,c41 ! "t :i* is assign$ = ! fir/ rec5sion ( ! ,mahabh>ata1 ( :i* ! ,bhagavad ,gita is a v small "p4 ,b ! highe/ au?orities f9d conclusive pro( t x orig9at$ ab\t ! second or ?ird c5tury ( our era1 & 0 !n ins]t$ z a "p ( an episode 9 ! n>rative ( ! great epic4 ,! ,mahabh>ata is a great poetic n>rative ( a conflict betwe5 ! two bran*es ( ! ,bh>ata family--! ,p&avas & ! ,kauravas--= ! petty k+dom ( ,ha/9apura1 ne> ! mod]n city ( ,delhi4 ,! two =ces are already1 9 c\nt] array1 eag] = ! fray on ! battle-field ( ,kuru*etra4 ,! call to battle has already be5 bl[n ^u ! miracul\s con*s ( ! lead]s ( bo? sides1 :o are seat$ 9 _! *>iots drawn by :ite horses4 ,ov] ea* "o waves 8 p]sonal ensign4 ,arjuna1 ! noble/ ( ! five brave ,p&ava lead]s1 is a man ( h]oic traits ( "*2 & yet )9 him brea!s ! t5d]e/ s5tim5t ( humanity4 ,he pauses a mom5t ere he leads 8 mighty ho/s aga9/ ! enemy2 &1 z he looks ^u 8 own ki? & k9 9 ! oppos+ ranks1 he is ov]come by ! /]n voice ( consci5ce bl5d+ ) humanit>ian impulses4 ,is x "r1 c x possibly be "r1 = him to g =? to de/roy 8 own fri5ds & relatives2 %all he %$ ! blood ( ^? :o are ne>e/ & de>e/ to him ^u ! e>?8 ,?is is ! agoniz+ d\bt :i* seizes ^u him at ?is "t4 ,& 9 8 di/ress he turns to 8 fri5d & relative1 ,kri%na1 :o has decl9$ to p>ticipate 9 ! w>1 b :o _h volunte]$ to act z ,arjuna's *>iote]4 ,& he says unto him3 ,see+ ^! k9sm51 ,o ,kri%na1 /&+ 7"h7 desir\s to engage 9 battle1 my limbs droop d[n2 my m\? is q dri$ up2 a tremor comes on my body2 & my hairs /& on end2 ! ,g&iva 7b[7 slips f my h&2 my sk9 burns int5sely2 ,i am unable1 too1 to /& up2 my m9d :irls r\nd1 z x 74 ,ev5 ^? = ^: sake we desire sov]eignty1 enjoym5ts1 & pleasures1 are /&+ "h = battle1 ab&on+ life & weal?--preceptors1 fa!rs1 sons z well1 gr&fa!rs1 mat]nal uncles1 fa!rs-9-law1 gr&sons1 bro!rs-9-law1 z also o!r relatives4 ,^! ,i d n wi% to kill1 ?\gh !y kill me1 ,o de/roy] ( ,madhu6 ev5 = ! sake ( sov]eignty ov] ! ?ree worlds1 h[ mu* less ?an = ?is e>? 7alone78 ,kri%na repli$1 ) a view to soo! ,arjuna's p]turb$ m9d1 & to urge him on to battle4 ,x is ?is dialogue betwe5 ! h]o & ! god :i* con/itutes ! ,bhagavad ,gita4 ,& yet "o c h>dly call x a dialogue1 s9ce ,kri%na's rem>ks make up m ?an n9e-t5?s ( ! book4 ,! dialogue is "o ( ! fav\rite =ms ( ,h9du lit]ature4 ,mo/ ( ! ,puranas & ! ,tantras are ca/ 9 t =m4 ,x seems v /range t ?is book1 :i* is ! fav\rite expon5t ( a fai? ^: v ess5ce is non-resi/ance1 ^: g5ius is to inculcate ! passive virtues1 %\ld h f\nd its motive 9 ! purpose ( ! god ,kri%na to ov]come1 9 ! w>rior ,arjuna1 ^? wor?y1 humane s5tim5ts ( peace & k9dness & t noble resolution to =ego ev5 ! k+dom r ?an to acquire x ?r\gh ! %$d+ ( ! blood ( 8 relatives4 ,h[ incongru\s to build up ! l(ty /ructure ( a fai? ^u s une?ical1 unsocial1 & cruel a f\ndation6 ,,ii ,! ,song evid5tly belongs to ! t5d5ss*rift s*ool ( lit]ature4 ,x is writt5 ) a def9ite aim & purpose4 ,x is ! highe/ expon5t ( ,h9du ,eclecticism4 ,! ?ree great s*ools ( ,brahmanical ?\ght & philosophy--! ,sankya1 ! ,yoga1 & ! ,v$anta--7 f\nd$ m ?an tw5ty-five c5turies ago & h wield$ resi/less p[] 9 ! %ap+ ( religi\s ?\ght 9 ,india4 ,& p]haps ?is p[] 0 nev] m manife/ ?an at ! pres5t "t4 ,b ^! s*ools are1 9 _! ma9 issues1 mutually antagoni/ic4 ,! ,sankya philosophy is sev]ely duali/ic & ev5 has little use1 if inde$ x has any place1 = ! ,div9e ,be+4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ! ,v$anta is uncompromis+ly moni/ic4 ,its pan!ism is ( ! highe/ spirituali/ic type & is radically oppos$ to ! mat]ialism ( ! ,sankya s*ool4 ,9 "o s*ool ! ,div9e ,be+ is no?+ & mat]ialism has full sway2 :ile 9 ! o!r ,brahm is ev]y?+1 & all t appe>s to m5--! ph5om5al--is false & illusive4 ,aga91 z to ! me?od ( r$emption1 ! ,yoga philosophy advocates r5unciation1 self-effacem5t1 & all ! =ms ( asceticism4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ! ,sankya philosophy inculcates action z ! embodim5t ( ! duty ( man1 ?r\gh :i* alone he c atta9 unto absorption4 ,ev5 to ! pres5t "t ^! diff]5t s*ools ( ?\ght n only prevail2 !y h also begott5 & are n\ri%+ diff]5t s*ools ( religi\s life & practice :i* pres5t diff]5t ideals & en=ce diff]5t me?ods4 ,! ,brahman au?or1 or au?ors1 ( ! ,bhagavad ,gita 0 inspir$ ) ! laudable ambition ( h>moniz+ ^! conflict+ tea*+s & ( bl5d+ _! peculi>ities into "o consi/5t :ole1 :i* w\ld appeal to all ! foll[]s ( ! _m-sid$ ,brahmanical fai?4 ,?is he accompli%$ ) r>e beauty ( language1 & ) a success :i* has won admiration & acceptance by ne>ly all ! p ( ,india4 ,& ?is is ! m rem>kable s9ce ! wor%ip ( ,kri%na is di/9ctly a "p ( ! ,vai%navite cult ( ,h9duism1 & z su* does n appeal to ! ,saivites1 or ! wor%ipp]s ( ,siva4 ,b ! au?or1 naturally & inevitably1 fail$ to produce a congru\s s*eme ( sav+ tru? & religi\s appeal4 ,! result is t we see1 on almo/ e page1 contradictory tea*+s & conflict+ me?ods ( salvation4 ,?is1 ( c\rse1 is by no means fatal to x 9 ! e/imation ( ,h9dus1 ) :om consi/5cy has nev] be5 a foible1 & 9 ! eyes ( :om two mutually contradictory tea*+s c re/ peacefully side by side4 ,"h we f9d dualism & monism lock+ h&s toge!r1 & ! ?ree ways ( lib]ation--t ( ritual1 ( asceticism1 & ( k--n only f9d full expression1 b are also supplem5t$ by ! inculcation ( fai? & ( ! obligations ( ca/e4 ,to a ,we/]n]1 ?is jumbl+ toge!r ( su* antagoni/ic ideas & me?ods w\ld be z repulsive z x w\ld be absurd4 ,b ! ,ori5tal m9d works on diff]5t l9es f ! ,occid5tal1 & is nev] hamp]$ by logical inconsi/5cy4 ,! ,song ( ! ,adorable ,"o is divid$ into ?ree *apt]s1 ( six divisions ea*4 ,! fir/ extols ! b5efits ( ! ,yoga me?od2 b x also adds t action %\ld be supplem5t$ to ,yoga = ! spe$ie/ atta9m5t ( beatification4 ,9 ! second "p1 ! pan!ism ( ! ,v$anta is inculcat$1 & ,kri%na id5tifies himself ) ! univ]sal ,_s & claims adoration z su*4 ,9 ! ?ird "p1 an ef=t is made to bl5d ! ,sankya & ! ,v$anta conceptions1 an ef=t :i* l>gely p]meates ! :ole book4 ,t is1 x claims t prakriti1 or elem5tal nature1 & ! s\l1 or atma1 f9d _! s\rce 9 ,brahm2 & ?us x practically vitiates ! fundam5tal tea*+s ( bo? sy/ems4 ,at ! same "t1 x also tea*es ! sep>ate exi/5ce ( individual s\ls1 :i* is anti-,v$antic4 ,z we /udy c>efully ! cont5ts ( ?is rem>kable "w1 we are impress$ equally ) its excell5ces & defects1 ) its sublime tea*+s & absurd cont5tions4 ,g5]ally speak+1 x may be said to be *>act]iz$ by notions :i* are1 at ! same "t1 supremely attractive to ! ,ea/ & un9telligible & repell5t to ! ,we/4 #a4 ,consid]+ fir/ its tea*+ conc]n+ ,god1 we f9d emphasiz$ t moni/ic tea*+ ( ,h9du ,pan!ism :i* has be5 ! dom9ant note 9 ! fai? ( ,india f ! fir/4 ,b x is n ! /rictly spiritual & ! unequivocal ,pan!ism ( ,v$antism1 :i* is purely ideali/ic & :i* bluntly d5ies ! exi/5ce ( ev]y?+ b ,brahm itself4 ,x is r a mixture ( ! dual & ! non-dual tea*+ ( ! two dom9ant1 cont5d+ philosophies ( ! l&4 ,kri%na tells u t he is n only ! supreme ,_s1 b also t ! mat]ial univ]se is a "p ( himself4 ,o ,son ( ,pri?a6 ,i am ! ,kratu1 ,i am ! ,yagna1 ,i am ! ,svadha1 ,i am ! product ( ! h]bs1 ,i am ! sacr$ v]se4 ,i too am ! sacrificial butt]1 ,i ! fire1 ,i ! (f]+4 ,i am ! fa!r ( ?is univ]se1 ! "m1 ! creator1 ! gr&sire1 ! ?+ to be kn[n1 ! means ( sanctification1 444 ! s\rce & t 9 :i* x m]ges1 ! support1 ! receptacle1 & ! inexhau/ible se$4444 ,all entities :i* are ( ! quality ( goodness1 & ^? :i* are ( ! quality ( passion & ( d>kness1 "k t !y are1 inde$1 all f me2 ,i am n 9 !m1 b !y are 9 me4 ,! :ole univ]se1 delud$ by ^! ?ree /ates ( m9d1 develops f ! qualities1 does n "k me :o am beyond !m & inexhau/ible2 = ?is delusion ( m9e1 444 is div9e & difficult to transc5d4 ,!re is no?+ else high] ?an myself2 all ?is is wov5 ^u me l numb]s ( pe>ls ^u a ?read4 ,i am ! ta/e 9 wat]1 ,i am ! light 9 ! sun & ! moon4#b ,footnote #b3 ,! translation :i* ,i foll[ "h is t ( ,mr4 ,telang1 9 ,! ,sacr$ ,books ( ! ,ea/1 :i* is1 on ! :ole1 bo? exact & m intelligible ?an mo/ o!r translations4 ,^! & _m o!r simil> expressions repres5t an evid5t ef=t to graft ! mat]iali/ic conceptions ( ! ,sankya ^u ! ,v$anta1 :i* is 9 no?+ m emphatic ?an 9 d5y+ ! exi/5ce ( all t is ph5om5al & mat]ial4 ,kri%na gave to ,arjuna1 at ! latt]'s reque/1 a vision ( 8 true ,self sep>ate f1 & inf9itely high] ?an1 ! humble & illusive g>b ( 8 inc>nation4 ,& x 0 to him z if 9 ! heav5s ! lu/re ( a ?\s& suns bur/ =? all at once4 ,& :at a vision6 ,gaz+ ^u x1 ,arjuna exclaims1 ,o ,god6 ,i see )9 y\r body ! gods1 z also all ! gr\ps ( v>i\s be+2 & ! "l ,brahm seat$ on 8 lotus seat1 & all ! sages & cele/ial snakes4 ,i see y1 :o are ( c\ntless =ms1 possess$ ( _m arms1 /oma*s1 m\?s1 & eyes on all sides4 ,&1 ,o ,"l ( ! ,univ]se1 ,o y ( all =ms6 ,i d n see y\r end1 middle1 or beg9n+4444 ,i believe y to be ! et]nal be+4 ,i see y void ( beg9n+1 middle1 or end--( inf9ite p[]1 ( unnumb]$ arms1 & hav+ ! sun & ! moon = eyes1 & hav+ a m\? l a blaz+ fire & heat+ ! univ]se ) y\r radiance4 ,= ?is space betwe5 heav5 & e>? & all ! qu>t]s are p]vad$ by y alone4 ,look+ at ?is wond]ful & t]rible =m ( y\rs1 ,o high-s\l$ "o6 ! ?ree worlds are affright$4 ,= "h ^! gr\ps ( gods are ent]+ into y4444 ,our pr9cipal w>riors1 also1 are rapidly ent]+ y\r m\?s1 fe>ful & horrific by reason ( y\r jaws4 ,& "s ) _! heads sma%$ are se5 /uck 9 ! spaces betwe5 ! tee?4 ,z ! _m rapid curr5ts ( a riv]'s wat]s run t[>d ! sea alone1 s d ! h]oes ( ?is human _w ent] y\r m\?s blaz+ all ar\nd4 ,z butt]flies1 ) increas$ velocity1 ent] a blaz+ fire to _! de/ruction1 s too d ^! p ent] y\r m\?s ) increas$ velocity1 only to _! de/ruction4 ,swall[+ all ^! p1 y are lick+ !m ov] & ov] aga9 f all sides ) y\r blaz+ m\?s6 ,"h we v]ily h a f9e comb9ation ( ! sublime & ! ridicul\s6 ,! ,apo/le ( ,jesus 0 giv5 to witness a vision ( heav5ly ?+s su* z c\ld n be utt]$4 ,?is disciple ( ,kri%na does n hesitate to pa9t 9 su* gl[+ t]ms a vision ( ! div9e1 t1 to all b a ,h9du1 ! picture seems n only incongru\s b highly absurd & disgu/+4 ,"o c h>dly imag9e t any mortal1 to :om a vision ( ! div9e be+ _h be5 grant$1 c\ld fail s utt]ly to furni% u ) an edify+ description ( ! same4 ,9 ?is ,song1 ,kri%na claims to be1 at ! same "t1 absolute ,deity & ! supreme inc>nation4 ,9 no?+ d ! ,ea/ & ! ,we/ diff] m radically ?an 9 _! tea*+ conc]n+ inc>nation or desc5t4 ,9 ,*ri/ianity1 ,god only once became inc>nate2 & 9 t ,inc>nation e believ+ s\l has f\nd its ne$s fully satisfi$4 ,nev]1 9 all ^! two ?\s& ye>s1 did our ,"l ,*ri/ satisfy m completely ! human s\l & br+ re/ to m human he>ts ?an at ! pres5t "t4 ,to ! ,*ri/ian1 ,jesus repres5ts ! ultimate ( ,god's e>?ly manife/ation1 z ,he does ! complete realization ( human salvation4 ,b 9 ,h9duism1 inc>nation is pres5t$ z a cont9u\s passion ( ! ,deity4 ,! absolute ,_s =ev] amuses itself ) ! sacr$ sport ( ev] *ang+ emanations & manife/ations4 ,myriads ( desc5ts are record$ 9 _! sacr$ books1 ( all degrees & =ms ( grotesqu5ess1 & n a few ( unblu%+ vil5ess4 ,x is an int]e/+ fact t ! same ,kri%na :o poses1 & by millions ( ,h9dus is accept$1 z ! ,supreme ,deity1 is nev]!less repres5t$ 9 ! mo/ popul> books ( ,h9duism to-day--! ,puranas1 :i* are kn[n 9 _! leg5ds to all ,h9dus & :i* wield a supreme influ5ce ov] !m 9 _! life--z a v diff]5t be+4 ,9 ^! books ! /ory ( ,kri%na is "o ( fetid1 unblu%+ immorality & voluptu\sness4 ,! publi%+ ( ^! n>ratives 9 ! ,engli% language 9 a we/]n l& at ! pres5t "t w\ld be consid]$ a crime puni%able ) imprisonm5t4 ,& ?us ?is ,h9du god1 :o is ! mo/ popul> 9 ,india & :o appeals mo/ to ! imag9ation ( ! p1 l$ a life ^u e>? ^: record is a /ory ( immorality :i* br+s a crimson blu% to ! pure4 ,b1 to return to ! ,h9du conception ( inc>nation1 x mu/ be rememb]$ t x is unique 9 ?is p>ticul>2 viz4 t x reg>ds ! ,deity z cont9ually return+ to ! _w to visit & to help human be+s4 ,9 ! ,gita1 ,kri%na rem>ks3-- ,:5soev]1 ,o ,desc5dant ( ,bh>ata6 piety langui%es & impiety is 9 ! asc5dant1 ,i create myself4 ,i am born1 age aft] age1 = ! protection ( ! good1 = ! de/ruction ( evil-do]s1 & ! e/abli%m5t ( piety4 ,! inadequacy ( any "o inc>nation is "h proclaim$1 & ! idea ( con/ant communication ) & imp>tation ( himself to humanity ?r\gh repeat$ desc5ts is "h inculcat$4 ,& x is a fundam5tal conception ( ,h9duism--a conception :i* diff]5tiates x ess5tially f ! ,*ri/ian religion4 ,f ?is rem>k ( ,kri%na1 :o speaks "h z ! ,supreme ,be+1 "o w\ld suppose t ,h9du inc>nations h be51 & /ill are1 def9itely int5d$ to enhance human piety ^u e>?1 & h be5 su* z to accompli% ?is purpose4 ,z a matt] ( fact1 ! hi/oric or leg5d>y inc>nations ( ,india1 z !y are n[ record$ 9 _! sacr$ books1 h practically no e?ical or spiritual cont5t4 ,i defy any ,h9du to take ! n>ratives ( ^! desc5ts1 z f\nd 9 ! ,puranas & o!r books1 & %[ f !m t !re 0 any?+ m ?an physical & social relief to m5 int5d$ by !m or accompli%$ ?r\gh !m4 ,i h yet to f9d1 9 ^? n>ratives1 ! conception ( human s9 & moral depravity & ( ! purpose ( ! inc>nation to break ! fett]s ( s9 & to br+ spiritual light & moral beauty to ^? among :om x manife/$ itself4 ,! gulf :i* ?us /&s betwe5 ! ,h9du ideal ( inc>nation & ! real inc>nations :i* are record$ 9 ,h9du lit]ature1 includ+ t ( ,kri%na himself1 is wide & impassable4 ,"o has well said t ! inc>nation ( ,kri%na is an inc>nation ( lu/1 & ! record ( 8 #af1ajj wives & #ahj1jjj sons is b a sugge/ion ( ! correctness ( ?is e/imate4 ,ev5 ! inc>nation ( ,buddha1 :i*1 d\btless1 is ! highe/ & be/ among ^? incorporat$ into ! ,h9du ,pan!on1 is expressly /at$ by ,h9du au?orities to be = ! purpose ( deceiv+ & de/roy+ ! p4 ,:5 "o beg9s to comp>e ! picture ( ! ,*ri/ian ,inc>nation ) t ( any & ( all ^? t occupy ! ,h9du m9d1 & fill _m volumes ( ,h9du lit]ature1 we pass f noon-day light into ,egyptian d>kness4 #b4 ,! doctr9e ( atma1 or ! human self1 or s\l1 is m 9 accordance ) ! ,sankya ?an ! ,v$antic s*ool4 ,! individual s\l is repres5t$1 n z a "p ( ! ,supreme ,s\l1 :i* is ! di/9ct doctr9e ( ! ,adwai?a philosophy1 b z a sep>ate entity :i* is immutable & et]nal4 ,li/5 to ,kri%na's argum5t to ,arjuna1 9 ord] to urge him into battle & to %$ ! blood ( 8 fri5ds3 ,le>n$ m5 grieve n = ! liv+ nor ! dead4 ,nev] did ,i n exi/1 nor y1 nor ^! rul]s ( m52 nor w any ( u ev] h]eaft] cease to be4 ,z 9 ?is body1 infancy & y\? & old age come to ! embodi$ self1 s does ! acquisition ( ano!r body2 a s5sible man is n deceiv$ ab\t t4444 ,!re is no exi/5ce = t :i* is unreal2 !re is no non-exi/5ce = t :i* is real4444 ,^! bodies1 app]ta9+ to ! embodi$ self :i* is et]nal1 inde/ructible1 & indef9able1 are said to be p]i%able2 !re=e d engage 9 battle1 ,o desc5dant ( ,bh>ata6 ,he :o ?9ks x to be ! kill] & he :o ?9ks x to be kill$1 bo? "k no?+4 ,x kills n1 is n kill$4 ,x is n born1 nor does x ev] die1 nor1 hav+ exi/$1 does x exi/ no m4 ,unborn1 ev]la/+1 un*angeable1 & primeval1 x is n kill$ :5 ! body is kill$4444 ,b ev5 if y ?9k t x is con/antly born1 & con/antly dies1 /ill1 ,o y mighty man ( arms6 y ought n to grieve ?us4 ,= to "o t is born1 dea? is c]ta92 & to "o t dies1 bir? is c]ta94 ,!re is a great deal m 9 ?is l9e ( ! inde/ructibility ( ! s\l2 b no?+ is said ( ! ,v$antic idea t ! s\l has no real1 sep>ate exi/5ce1 & t ev5 ?is illusory exi/5ce1 9 human conditions1 w t]m9ate :5 ! self %all be recogniz$ to be1 z x really is1 an unsev]$ & insep>able "p ( ! ,supreme ,s\l4 ,! et]nal exi/5ce ( ! s\l is posit$ by e s*ool ( ,h9du ?\ght4 ,9 ! ,sankya philosophy1 ! human self1 z we h se51 is a sep>ate1 uncreat$ entity2 & ! tea*+ ( ! ,div9e ,lay conc]n+ x is 9 h>mony ) ?is4 ,& x mu/ be confess$ t 9 _m respects ?is doctr9e is inf]ior to ! ,v$antic1 :i* emphasizes ! spiritual "*1 & ! div9e orig9 & de/9y1 ( ! s\l4 #c4 ,! doctr9e ( ,lib]ation1 or ( ,r$emption1 z f\nd 9 ! ,bhagavad ,gita1 is a /range comb9ation ( all ! ways :i* ,brahmanism has inculcat$ ?r\gh its _m s*ools1 ) o!r ways "h add$4 ,9 e way m5 foll[ 9 my pa?1 decl>$ ,kri%na4 ,9 ! pursuance ( any religi\s practices :atev]1 m5 7 assur$ t !y w\ld be acceptable if !y 7 only ,kri%na-olat]s4 7#a7 ,b ! highe/ pa? :i* leads unto ,god is ! pa? ( k 7,gnana74 ,sacrifices ( v>i\s sorts are laid d[n 9 ! ,v$as4 ,"k !m all to be produc$ f action1 & kn[+ ?is y w be releas$ f ! fett]s ( ?is _w4 ,! sacrifice ( k is sup]ior to ! sacrifice ( weal?1 = action is :olly & entirely compreh5d$ 9 k4444 ,ev5 if y are ! mo/ s9ful ( all s9ful m51 y w cross ov] all trespasses by means ( ! boat ( k alone4 ,z a fire well k9dl$1 ,o ,arjuna6 r$uces fuel to a%es1 s ! fire ( k r$uces all actions to a%es4 ,= !re is 9 ?is _w no means ( sanctification l k1 & t "o p]fect$ by devotion f9ds )9 "o's self 9 "t4 ,he :o has fai?1 ^: s5ses are re/ra9$1 & :o is assidu\s1 obta9s k4 ,obta9+ k he acquires1 )\t delay1 ! highe/ tranquillity4444 ,!re=e1 ,o desc5dant ( ,bh>ata6 de/roy ) ! sword ( k ^! misgiv+s ( y\rs :i* fill y\r m9d1 & :i* are produc$ f ignorance4 ,he :o is possess$ ( k1 :o is always devot$1 & ^: wor%ip is address$ to "o only1 is e/eem$ highe/4 ,= to ! man ( k ,i am de> above all ?+s1 & he is de> to me4 ,all ^! are noble1 b ! man possess$ ( k is deem$ by me to be my own self4 ,f "t immemorial ,indian sages h look$ ^u ,god z ! ,supreme ,intellig5ce2 ,he is ! absolute ,wisdom1 & to "k ,him or x1 & to "k t ,i am x 7,tat twam asi71 ?is is ! highe/ wisdom 7,brahma ,gnana71 & x gives imm$iate entrance into ! heav5 ( beatification or ( absorption4 ,& ! only s9 :i* su* a man1 & :i* ?is sy/em ( ?\ght1 recognizes is ! s9 ( ignorance 7,avidia72 t is1 ! folly1 or /upidity1 ( ?9k+ t "o's s\l is sep>ate f ! div9e ,s\l4 ,to "k1 "u ^! mundane conditions ( delusion 7,maya71 & :ile "u ! tyranny ( passion & ( action 7,k>ma71 t ,i am1 aft] all1 id5tical ) ! div9e ,_s1 & t ! ?\ght ( a sep>ate exi/5ce is a sn>e & a bondage1--?is is ! imm$iate %att]+ ( my e>?ly bondage & ! full entrance ( my s\l 7l a drop ( wat] to its "m ocean7 into ! et]nal peace & tranquillity 7,sayut*a7 ( ! godhead--a /ate ( unconsci\s calm :i* %all nev] aft] be di/urb$4 ,?us ! highe/ way ( salvation1 z taught by ,h9dus ( all classes1 is ! way ( k4 ,x is ! highe/ /ep 9 ! progress ( human r$emption4 ,all o!r ways ( salvation are b prelim9>y1 or /epp+-/ones1 to ?is4 ,!re is no return to ! bondage ( ?is _w ( ,him :o has cross$ ! riv] ( dea? 9 ! boat ( k4 ,all o!rs mu/ aga9 return & fur!r1 by new bir?s1 ! cause ( ! s\l's emancipation4 7#b7 ,! second pa? ( lib]ation "h inculcat$ is t ( self-re/ra9t1 ( asceticism4 ,f "t immemorial ! ascetic has be5 ,india's ideal ( a man ( piety4 ,he is a man :o has turn$ 8 back ^u ! pleasures ( ! _w1 ev5 its h>mless amusem5ts & physical enjoym5ts1 & has giv5 himself to /]n rigid self-d5ial4 ,by ?us d5y+ himself e pleasure t body c br+ & e satisfaction t human society c furni%2 yea1 m1 by a r5unciation ( ev]y?+ worldly to ! ext5t ( supreme physical pa9 & social deprivation1 he sep>ates & weans himself f all t is temporal1 t he may pass on 9 sadness up ! pa?way ( r$emption4 ,?is is ! way ( ,yoga2 & ! ,yogi to-day f9ds highe/ admiration 9 ,india z its ideal ( life4 ,9 ! ,div9e ,lay also ?is pa?way ( ,yoga f9ds emphasis & exaltation4 ,! devotee ^: self is cont5t$ ) k & exp]i5ce1 :o is unmov$1 :o has re/ra9$ 8 s5ses1 & to :om a sod1 a /one1 & gold are alike1 is said to be devot$4444 ,a devotee %\ld con/antly devote himself to ab/raction1 rema9+ 9 a secret place1 alone1 ) 8 m9d & self re/ra9$1 )\t expectations & )\t belong+s4 ,fix+ 8 seat firmly 9 a clean place1 n too high nor too l[1 & cov]$ ov] ) a %eet ( clo?1 a de]sk91 & kusa grass--& !re seat$ on t seat1 fix+ 8 m9d exclusively on "o po9t ) ! work+ ( ! m9d & s5se re/ra9$1 he %\ld practise devotion = ! purity ( self4444 ,?us con/antly devot+ himself to ab/raction1 a devotee ^: m9d is re/ra9$ atta9s t tranquillity :i* culm9ates 9 f9al emancipation & assimilation ) me4444 ,! self-re/ra9$1 embodi$ self lies at ease )9 ! city ( n9e portals1 r5\nc+ all actions by ! m9d1 n do+ or caus+ any?+ to be done4 ,?is pa? ( ab/raction & asceticism leaves ! s\l to !osophic k1 :i* is consummat$ 9 ! supreme bliss ( assimilation ) ! ,div9e4 ,s enam\r$ has ,india be5 ( ?is me?od ( life ?r\gh\t ! c5turies t ,yoga has be5 r$uc$ to a sci5ce1 & has be5 elaborat$ to a degree :i* is ridicul\s & almo/ idiotic4 ,li/51 = in/ance1 to ,kri%na's in/ructions :]e he speaks ( ! ascetic z hold+ 8 body1 head1 & neck ev5 & unmov$1 rema9+ /eady1 look+ at ! tip ( 8 own nose1 etc4 ,^! ridicul\s po/ur+s & idiotic attitudes _c1 z has be5 well said by ,b>?1 b lead to idiocy or to a loss ( all m5tal aptitude4 ,! ultimate aim ( ,yoga is to r$uce ! s\l to tranquillity & quiesc5ce1 by ab/ract+ ! m9d f all ?+s e>?ly1 & ?us lead+ to cessation f action2 = action is said to lead to new fruit1 :i* mu/ be eat5 by ! s\l2 & = ?is purpose new bir?s are necess>y1 :i* delay f9al absorption 9 ! deity4 ,! _s ( ,h9duism is ?us evid5t 9 its exaltation ( ?is me?od ( life4 ,x has made ! pa? ( ab/raction & ! elim9ation ( e ?\ght1 emotion1 & ambition1 its ideal4 ,9 o!r words1 man1 by self-repression & ! effacem5t ( e faculty ( m9d & body1 is to atta9 unto f9al beatification or emancipation4 ,?is is an end 9 itself1 accord+ to ! ,h9du plan ( life4 ,9 ,*ri/ianity1 on ! o!r h&1 self-realization & n self-effacem5t mu/ be ! consummation ( life4 ,! way ( ! ,cross1 t is1 ! pa? ( self-d5ial1 is inde$ mo/ rigidly enjo9$2 b x is ! d5ial ( ! l[] self1 ! meane/ passions ( ! s\l1 9 ord] t ! highe/ faculties may f9d complete realization4 ,?us1 9 ,*ri/ianity1 also1 asceticism has a place ( value2 b x is z a means to a high] end1 & t is1 p]fect gr[? & developm5t ( ! man unto ! measure ( ! /ature ( ! fulness ( ,*ri/4 7#c7 ,x also possesses ! di/9ction ( emphasiz+ works or action z necess>y to salvation4 ,inde$1 ! ,bhagavad ,gita is unique among ! books ( ,india 9 tea*+ t action is sup]ior to r5unciation4 ,sri ,kri%na says3 ,r5unciation & pursuit ( action are bo? in/rum5ts ( happ9ess4 ,b ( ! two1 pursuit ( action is sup]ior to r5unciation ( action4 ,?is is1 inde$1 /range tea*+ 9 ! realm ( ,h9du lit]ature1 :]e action is univ]sally taught to be bo? 9 itself an evil & to be ! cause ( s94 ,kri%na1 by "s magic ( 8 own p[]1 "h rev]ses ! ord9>y ,h9du tea*+4 ,he :o has controll$ 8 s5ses & :o id5tifies 8 self ) e be+1 is n ta9t$1 ?\gh he p]=ms actions4 ,he :o1 ca/+ (f all atta*m5t1 p]=ms actions1 d$icat+ !m to ,brahm1 is n ta9t$ by s91 z ! lotus leaf is n ta9t$ by wat]4 ,inde$1 we are told t "s p]=m actions = atta9+ purity ( self4 ,?us we see inculcat$ ! peculi>ly un-,h9du doctr9e t he :o works = ,god is = t reason absolv$ f ! fruit ( 8 action2 yea1 m1 by 8 v acts atta9s unto purity1 & approa*es ! consummation ( absorption4 ,/ill m1 ! v motive ( ,kri%na1 9 ?is ,div9e ,song1 is to /ir up ! w>like c\rage ( ,arjuna & to lead him into ! bloody activities ( w>4 ,!re=e d y1 too1 p]=m actions1 z 0 done by m5 ( old5 times4 ,b action1 9 ord] t x may be effective1 mu/ be accord+ to prescrib$ rules4 ,any "w :i* is inculcat$ 9 ! sacr$ books is bo? sacr$ & useful 9 ! s*eme ( r$emption4 ,& among ^! prescrib$ works1 few are m useful ?an ! p]=mance ( sacrifice4 ,m5 h _! s9s de/roy$ by sacrifice4 ,^? :o eat ! nect>-l leav+s ( ! sacrifice prep>e = ! et]nal ,brahm4 ,?is _w is n = ^? :o p]=m no sacrifice4 ,?us sacrifices ( v>i\s sorts are laid d[n 9 ! ,v$as4 ,"k !m all produc$ f action1 & kn[+ ?is y w be releas$ f ! fett]s ( ?is _w4 ,idolatry1 also1 is a "p ( ?is sacr$ duty4 ,desir+ ! success ( action1 m5 9 ?is _w wor%ip ! div9ities1 = 9 ?is _w ( ! mortals1 ! success produc$ by action is soon obta9$4 ,^? :o wor%ip ! div9ities g to ! div9ities1 & my wor%ipp]s1 too1 g to me4 ,ev5 ^?1 ,o ,son ( ,kunti1 :o be+ devotees ( o!r div9ities wor%ip ) fai?1 wor%ip me only1 b irregul>ly4 ,= ,i am ! enjoy] z well z ,"l ( all sacrifices4 ,b !y "k me n truly1 !re=e d !y fall1 i4e4 !y return to ! _w ( mortals4 ,?is tea*+ may be call$ poly!ism r ?an idolatry4 ,& yet at ! "t ?is book 0 writt51 poly!ism _h already deg5]at$ into idolatry4 ,! mo/ def9ite & multitud9\s c\rses ( action are ^? en=c$ by ! ca/e sy/em4 ,& ^! also are emphasiz$ 9 ?is song4 ,kri%na "h in=ms u t he is ! au?or ( ! ca/e sy/em4 ,! f\r-fold division ( ca/es 0 creat$ by me accord+ to ! apportionm5t ( qualities & duties4 ,else:]e1 9 ,h9du writ+s1 we are abundantly in=m$ t ,brahm creat$ ^! f\r divisions ( m5 f 8 head1 8 %\ld]s1 8 lo9s1 & 8 feet1 respectively4#c ,footnote #c3 ,see ,*apt]s ,,iv & ,v1 on ,ca/e4 ,he only lives well & works wor?ily :o lives 9 /rict accordance ) ca/e rules1 & :o works 9 ob$i5ce to ! dictates ( ca/e tyranny4 ,we are "h in=m$ t "o's own duty1 ?\gh defective1 is bett] ?an ano!r's duty well p]=m$4 ,dea? 9 p]=m+ "o's own duty is pref]able2 ! p]=mance ( ! duty ( o!rs is dang]\s4 ,"h1 ( c\rse1 "o's own duty is ! duty prescrib$ to a man by ! ,h9du ca/e sy/em4 ,! duties ( ,brahmans1 ,k%atriyas1 & ,vaisyas1 & ( ,sudras1 too1 ,o t]ror ( y\r foes1 are di/+ui%$ accord+ to ! qualities born ( nature4 ,tranquillity1 re/ra9t ( ! s5se1 p5ance1 purity1 =giv5ess1 /raight=w>dness1 also k1 exp]i5ce1 & belief 9 ! future _w1 ?is is ! natural duty ( ! ,brahmans4 ,val\r1 glory1 c\rage1 dext]ity1 n sl9k+ away f battle1 gifts1 ex]cise ( lordly p[]1 ?is is ! natural duty ( ,k%atriyas4 ,agriculture1 t5d+ cattle1 trade1 ?is is ! natural duty ( ,vaisyas4 ,& ! natural duty ( ,sudras1 too1 consi/s 9 s]vice4 ,e man int5t on 8 own respective duties obta9s p]fection4 ,&1 aga91 ,"o's duty1 ?\gh defective1 is bett] ?an ano!r's duty well p]=m$4 ,p]=m+ ! duty prescrib$ by nature "o does n incur s94 ,"o %\ld n ab&on a natural duty ?\gh ta9t$ ) evil4 ,?us ! mo/ /up5d\s sy/em ( social & religi\s evil t ! _w has ev] kn[n--! ,h9du ca/e sy/em--is "h boldly taught & inculcat$ z ! mo/ sacr$ duty ( life4 ,"o man is born = pi\s lead]%ip1 ano!r born to fight1 ano!r born = m5ial s]vice2 & woe be to any "o ( !m :o ab&ons ?is s-call$ natural duty & /rives = a bett]m5t or a *ange ( life6 ,?is is ! div9ely inculcat$ sy/em ( bondage :i* has en?rall$ ,india = tw5ty-five c5turies4 ,b x is gratify+ to "k t1 ?\gh taught & inculcat$ 9 ?is highe/ book ( _! fai?1 ,h9dus are beg9n+ to d5\nce ! :ole sy/em4 ,bo? a social & a religi\s consci\sness are beg9n+ to rebel aga9/ its v exi/5ce4 ,b we pass f ?is l[e/ aspect ( action to ! highe/ :5 we rem>k t all acts %\ld1 accord+ to ,kri%na1 be free f atta*m5t4 ,no duty is m frequ5tly en=c$ 9 ! ,bhagavad ,gita ?an t ( deta*m5t 9 religi\s activity2 nor is !re any high] ?an ?is )9 ! :ole compass ( ?is ,song4 ,x is ! duty ( man to "w out righte\sness & to ex]cise virtue )\t reg>d to ! results or ! fruits ( 8 action4 ,x is ! high-wat] m>k ( ! tea*+ ( ! book4 ,y\r bus9ess is ) action alone2 n by any means ) fruit4 ,let n ! fruit ( action be y\r motive to action4 ,wret*$ are ^? ^: motive to action is ! fruit ( action4 ,!re=e1 p]=m all action1 :i* mu/ be p]=m$1 )\t atta*m5t4 ,= a man1 p]=m+ action )\t atta*m5t1 atta9s ! ,supreme4 ,=sak+ all atta*m5t to ! fruit ( action1 always cont5t$1 dep5d5t on none1 he does no?+ at all1 ?\gh he engages 9 action4 ,devoid ( expectations1 re/ra9+ ! m9d & ! self1 & ca/+ (f all belong+s1 he incurs no s94 ,we mu/ n1 h[ev]1 give to ?is deta*m5t a ,*ri/ian value4 ,= x is a "p ( ,h9du ?\ght to condemn e emotion & s5tim5t1 h[ev] l(ty z an asset ( life4 ,x reg>ds e desire1 h[ev] noble 9 itself1 & e s5tim5t1 h[ev] exalt$1 z ess5tially evil2 = x is a mom5t>y b>ri] to t equilibrium & quiesc5ce ( s\l :i* ! ,h9du has always ma9ta9$ to be ! highe/ cultivation ( ! self4 ,!re=e1 action1 9 ord] to be ( any p]man5t value1 mu/ be sev]$ f e passion1 desire1 or expectation4 ,& ?us ! ,h9du does n "h seek s mu* ! exi/5ce ( pure altruism z he does ! abs5ce ( desire1 :i* means s\l unre/ & ! removal ( "o ( ! b>ri]s to s\l emancipation4 ,x is1 he says1 :5 love & e o!r passion cools (f into a quiet intellectual calm1 & ! s\l is animat$1 n by s5tim5t1 b by cle> vision1 t ,sayut*a1 or absorption into ! ,brahm1 is atta9$4 ,if1 !n1 deta*m5t is a keyword to ,high] ,h9duism & man is =bidd5 to seek aft] any good1 ev5 ! highe/1 9 connection ) 8 religi\s activities1 :at !n c be an adequate motive to a religi\s life ( good works8 ,"h is introduc$ ano!r keyword ( ?is ,eclecticism--! ^w ,bhakti4 ,! doctr9e ( ,bhakti f9ds a supreme place 9 ! ,div9e ,song4 ,bhakti means devotion or love to ,kri%na himself4 ,p]haps ! ,*ri/ian ^w ,fai? be/ expresses ! full mean+ ( ! ^w ,bhakti4 ,kri%na says1 9 sub/ance1 ,h no atta*m5t to ! results ( y\r acts2 b be atta*$ to me :o am ! supreme ,god1 & live & act accord+ to ! noble impulse ( t atta*m5t4 ,among all devotees1 he :o be+ full ( fai? wor%ips me1 ) 8 inmo/ self int5t on me1 is e/eem$ by me to be ! mo/ devot$4 ,ev5 if a v ill-conduct$ man wor%ips me1 n wor%ipp+ any "o else1 he mu/ c]ta9ly be deem$ to be good1 = he has well resolv$4 ,place y\r m9d on me1 become my devotee1 my wor%ipp]2 rev]5ce me1 & ?us mak+ me y\r highe/ goal1 & devot+ y\rself to ab/raction1 y w c]ta9ly come to me4 ,on me place y\r m9d1 become my devotee1 sacrifice to me1 rev]5ce me1 y w c]ta9ly come to me4 ,i decl>e to y truly1 y are de> to me4 ,i w release y f all s9s4 ,be n griev$4 ,no "o among/ m5 is sup]ior to him 9 do+ :at is de> to me4 ,x is probable t ! ,bhagavad ,gita 0 ! fir/ to introduce ?is doctr9e ( fai?4 ,x is1 ( c\rse1 a doctr9e possible only 9 connection ) a p]sonal ,god1 & 0 d\btless introduc$ ?r\gh ! new cult ( ,kri%na-olatry4 ,x is =eign to ,v$antism1 ^: ,god is ! ,imp]sonal & ! ,ineffable ,"o2 =eign also to ! ,sankya s*ool1 :]e ,god is nei!r kn[n nor ne$$4 ,x is ess5tially a new tea*+1 & is a peculi> feature ( ! wor%ip ( ! inc>nations ( ,vi%nu4 ,b1 introduc$ by ?is ,song ( ! ,adorable ,"o1 x has be5 incorporat$ into ! ,h9du religion1 & figures n[ z "o ( ! mo/ p[]ful motives ( t fai?4 ,& ?is new doctr9e br+s ! ,h9du religion into w>m] relation%ip to ,*ri/ianity ?an at any o!r po9t4 ,sir ,moni] ,williams truly claims t ,h9duism1 9 no o!r tea*+1 s closely approa*es ,*ri/ianity z 9 ! doctr9e ( fai?4 ,b1 l all o!r tea*+s ( ,h9duism1 ?is doctr9e also has be5 consid]ably di/ort$ 9 ! process ( appropriation2 s t fai? 9 ! wor%ip ( ,vi%nu's inc>nations1 to-day1 is m pot5tial z an act ?an is fai? 9 ,*ri/ianity4 ,=1 9 ,h9duism1 x matt]s n on :at god or ritual ! ,bhak?an places 8 fai?1 x has p[] to r$eem him f all tr\bles4 ,x %\ld be rememb]$ t ,bhakti is p]haps ! mo/ di/9ctive & mighty influ5ce 9 ,vai%navism1 if n 9 all ,h9duism1 at ! pres5t "t4 7#d7 ,little is said 9 ,h9duism ) a view to inculcate & to reveal ! effici5cy ( altruism1 or ! love ( man = man4 ,9 ! ,bhagavad ,gita h>dly any ref]5ce is made to ?is :i* is s dom9ant a note 9 ! ,*ri/ian fai?4 ,kri%na does rem>k t "o %\ld h reg>d also to keep+ p to _! duties1 9 p]=m+ action4 ,:atev] a great man does1 t o!r m5 also d2 444 wise m5 %\ld n %ake ! convictions ( ! ignorant :o are atta*$ to action1 b act+ ) devotion %\ld make !m apply !mselves to all action4 ,he :o id5tifies himself ) e be+ is n ta9t$1 ?\gh he p]=ms actions4 ,! sages :o are int5t on ! welf>e ( all ! be+s obta9 ! ,brahmic bliss4 ,?is c]ta9ly is nei!r v cle>1 nor at all adequate1 z ! inculcation ( ! mo/ fundam5tal ( all duties1 ! love ( our fell[-m5 & ! sacrifice ( self 9 ! int]e/ ( common humanity4 ,! ,v$ant9 claims t ! unity ( all be+1 z taught by him1 is a /rong injunction ^u him to love all ! p>ts ( t unity4 ,b ! ,bhagavad ,gita does n tea* cle>ly ev5 ?is ,v$antic doctr9e4 ,selfi%ness is too mu* /amp$ ^u ! ,h9du fai?4 ,x is too exclusively an individuali/ic religion4 ,x is e "o = himself 9 ! great /ruggle ( man = r$emption4 ,x pre-em95tly t5ds to cultivate 9 man bo? pride 9 8 own a*ievem5t & an exclusively selfi% devotion to ! consummation ( 8 own r$emption4 #d4 ,9 ! ,bhagavad ,gita little is said ( ! "* ( ! salvation :i* is to be a*iev$ by ! devotee ( ,kri%na4 ,inde$1 ! nature ( ?is consummation is left v mu* 9 my/]y4 ,we are told t ,kri%na's wor%ipp] w come to him4 ,he :o1 ) ! highe/ devotion to me1 w proclaim ?is supreme my/]y among my devotees w come to me fre$ f all d\bts4 ,aga9 we are taught t su* a devotee1 und]/&+ me1 truly ent]s into my ess5ce4 ,?is c>ries ! def9ite & univ]sal ?\ght ( ,h9duism1 t man w be absorb$ 9 ! ,deity4 ,9 ano!r place we are told t ! wor%ipp] :o is purifi$ by ! p5ance ( k has come into my ess5ce4 ,?is is ! es*atology ( all ,h9du ,%a/ras4 ,! peculi> tea*+ ( ! ,bhagavad ,gita conc]n+ action & its emphasis ^u a /r5u\s life 9 ?is _w w\ld h l$ u to expect ! tea*+ ( a future ( "s k9d ( activity4 ,in/ead ( t1 x falls back ^u ! old & hackney$ pan!i/ic idea1 t ! human s\l1 be+ ultimately dive/$ ( its human bodies1 bo? gross & f9e1 passes on 9 its nak$ness into on5ess ) ! ,absolute1 & ?us loses all ! faculties :i*1 s f> z we "k1 con/itute its greatness1 p[]1 & glory4 ,9 ?is condition ( absorption ! human s\l is n only depriv$ ( its sep>ate exi/5ce1 b also ( all self-k1 :i* is ! true basis ( p]sonality4 ,z to ! process ( ?is salvation we are "h taught1 z 9 all ,h9du writ+1 t x is atta9$ ?r\gh metempsy*osis1 or re9c>nation4 ,! human s\l1 l ! div9e1 9 ,brahmanism1 passes ?r\gh _m inc>nations 7"s writ]s say #h1djj1jjj7 be=e x receives ! cr[n ( p]fection1 or ( absorption4 ,kri%na says3 ,z a man1 ca/+ (f old clo!s1 puts on o!rs & new ones1 s ! embodi$ self1 ca/+ (f old bodies1 goes to o!rs & new ones4 ,i h pass$ ?r\gh _m bir?s1 ,o ,arjuna1 & y1 also1 says ,kri%na2 ,i "k !m all1 b y1 ,o t]ror ( y\r foes6 d n "k !m4 ,?is devi\s & t$i\s pa? ( re9c>nation is ! "o ov] :i* e s\l mu/ pass4 ,& betwe5 e inc>nation & t :i* foll[s1 ! s\l1 clo!d ^u ) a subtle body1 passes ?r\gh _m heav5s & hells 9 ord] to eat ! fruits ( its pa/ actions4 ,& !re is a remnant ( ^! fruits left :i* necessitates ! return to a new body & a new human exi/5ce4 ,^! upp] & ne!r regions ?r\gh :i* ! s\l passes & settles its acc\nts ) ! pa/1 are n 9 any s5se p]man5t4 ,conc]n+ ?is1 ! ,bhagavad ,gita says t m51 rea*+ ! holy _w ( ! ,"l ( ,gods1 !y enjoy 9 ! cele/ial regions ! cele/ial pleasures ( ! gods4 ,& hav+ enjoy$ t great heav5ly _w1 !y ent] ! mortal _w :5 _! m]it is exhau/$4 ,aft]1 p]haps1 millions ( ^! human inc>nations 7&1 inde$1 ! inc>nation may be ( l[] animal & ( vegetable71 ! self w gradually be p]fect$1 !y say1 & w pass on into ! calm ess5ce ( ! supreme ,s\l1 z a drop ( wat] desc5ds 9 ra9 & bl5ds aga9 ) ! ocean4 ,i see absolutely no reason :y ?is int]m9able process ( metempsy*osis %\ld lead to ! p]fection ( ! s\l r ?an to its complete demoralization4 ,inde$1 !re is no?+ e?ical at all 9 ! "* ( ^! re9c>nations1 s f> z !y are describ$ by ,h9du writ]s4 ,,iii ,?is1 !n1 is ! ,div9e ,lay ( ! ,h9du religion1 ! book mo/ *]i%$ & mo/ highly extoll$ by m ?an two hundr$ & ?irty million ,h9dus4 ,we are1 fir/ ( all1 impress$ by ! _m contradictions :i* disfigure ! book4 ,h>dly a page is free f conflict+ doctr9es & me?ods ( life4 ,x c\ld n be o!rwise 9 any ef=t to h>monize ! mutually contradictory tea*+s ( ! conflict+ s*ools ( religi\s ?\ght & practice 9 ?is complicat$ fai?4 ,on ! o!r h&1 we see 9 ?is ,song an hone/ & an able attempt to br+ ! _m t5ets ( t fai? into a consi/5t :ole4 ,& we _c help feel+ t1 :ile ! view ( ,god & man "h pres5t$1 & ! ways ( salvation "h enunciat$1 are n satisfactory1 yet we f9d scatt]$ ?r\gh its pages gems ( ?\ght & beauties ( religi\s conceptions & in/ruction :i* are beyond cavil1 & :i* to-day seem to satisfy _m millions ( our fell[-m54 ,b1 at ! close ( a c>eful p]usal ( ! book1 "o feels t x is radically unsatisfy+4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 x is want+ 9 any p[] = life4 ,9 ord] to feel ?is1 "o has only to comp>e x1 = a mom5t1 ) ! ,gospels ( ,*ri/ianity4 ,we f9d "h philosophical disquisitions on ! ,div9e ,be+ :i* few m5 c und]/& & none c hope to h>monize4 ,9 ! ,gospels1 on ! o!r h&1 we see pres5t$ a s*eme ( life :i*1 at ! same "t1 satisfies ! highe/ philosophy & is p]fectly intelligible to ! mo/ simple-m9d$4 ,"h a bewild]+ numb] ( mutually contradictory ways ( life are urg$ ^u u1 n "o ( :i* c appeal 9 fulness & p[] to ! common man4 ,!re d we f9d "o cle> way ( salvation--! way ( fai? 9 ,*ri/2 & 9 ord] to walk 9 t way ! p[] ( ! ,div9e ,_s is promis$ to e "o1 ev5 to ! humble/ s\l & to ! greate/ s9n]1 t he might accept ! ,*ri/ & live 9 & ?r\gh ,him a holy & a righte\s life4 ,above all1 we h "h repres5t$ an inc>nation ! records ( ^: do+s1 9 ! sacr$ writ+s ( ! ,h9dus1 %ock u by _! immorality & disgu/ u by _! co>s5ess4 ,& yet he arrogates to himself ! nature & ! functions1 z he makes ^u u ! dem&s1 ( ! supreme ,deity4 ,!re1 on ! o!r h&1 we witness ! spectacle ( ! ,*ri/ :o s liv$ ! div9e life1 & ^: immaculate hol9ess is s ov]:elm+1 t ,8 claim to be "o ) ! ,godhead br+s no %ock or s5se ( incongruity to any "o to-day4 ,he has s impress$ m5 ( all g5]ations t untold millions1 9 all l&s1 h felt no hesitation 9 believ+ ,him :5 ,he says1 ,he t ha? se5 me ha? se5 ! ,fa!r4 ,"h d we inde$ f9d ! supreme contra/ betwe5 ! manual ( ,h9du fai? & ! ,gospels ( ,*ri/ianity2 & x is a contra/ at ! mo/ vital po9t ( religion4 ,,*apt] ,,vii ,,popul> ,,h9duism ,9 ! la/ *apt] we dwelt ^u :at may be call$ ! ,high] ,h9duism--t sy/em ( ?\ght & religi\s ex]cise :i* engages ! att5tion1 attracts ! ?\ght1 & invites ! devotion ( ! ?9k+ classes ( ! ,h9du fold4 ,! ,bhagavad ,gita is only "o ( _m writ+s :i* s]i\sly pres5t to ! ?\ghtful ,h9du "s ( ! high] conceptions & deepe/ ye>n+s ( ! s\l4 ,( all ! fai?s ( ! ,f> ,ea/ none dwells s mu* ^u ^! pr(\nd religi\s realities1 or engages 9 su* l(ty flights ( spiritual aspiration1 z does ?is religion ( ! ,brahmans4 ,& no "o c /udy ^! products ( ! greate/ m9ds & mo/ s5sitive religi\s s\ls ( ,india )\t ent]ta9+ a great & gr[+ admiration = !m4 ,b x is well to rememb] ^! are n all ( ,h9du lit]ature2 nor d !y repres5t ! curr5t ?\ght or ! g5]al religi\s life ( ! p4 ,illu/ration3 ,a ,,dravidian ,,%r9e1 ,,s\? ,,india ,!y inde$ reveal ! highe/ & ! be/ t has ev] come to light 9 ! ?\ght & spiritual culture ( ?is p4 ,= t reason1 ! ,bhagavad ,gita is wor?y ( ! "n we gave x--! ,h9du bible4 ,9 view ( all ^! ?+s1 :o w\ld say t ,god did n visit ?is p1 or left ,himself )\t witness among !m8 ,:ile ,he 0 lead+ ! ,hebrews 9 ! "t ( ,moses1 ,he 0 also /irr+ ?is p ?r\gh its old ri%is1 or sages4 ,:ile ,he 0 rebuk+ ! deg5]ate ,jewi% p ?r\gh _! lat] prophets1 ,he 0 rais+ & inspir+ ! great prophet ( ,india1 ! ,buddha1 to prote/ aga9/ a debas$ ,brahmanism4 ,b let x n be suppos$ t ?is lit]ature ( ,high] ,h9duism is1 9 any s5se1 popul> 9 ,india4 ,^? religi\s books :i* engage ! m9d ( ! masses are ( a v diff]5t class4 ,!y are ! wild leg5ds ( ! ,puranas1 & inane dialogues & ly+ incantations ( ! ,tantras--two classes ( works :i* are bo? ! mo/ popul> & are l[e/ 9 ! range ( _! ideas & mo/ demoraliz+ 9 ! cults :i* !y pres5t4 ,^! books 7 o/5sibly writt5 = ! common p & = wom54 ,& ! common p delight 9 !m & are intoxicat$ by _! religi\s exagg]ations & excesses4 ,?us ! fai? ( ! p1 z a :ole1 is f> remov$1 9 its grovell+ ?\ght1 its idolatr\s practices1 & its ?\s&-head$ ritual1 f ! tea*+ ( ,high] ,h9duism4 ,above all1 we mu/ rememb] t ! ,h9duism ( to-day is n ! ,brahmanism ( ?irty c5turies ago4 ,x has be5 ! passion ( t fai?1 f ! beg9n+1 to absorb all cults & fai?s t h come into contact ) x4 ,h9duism is an amorph\s ?+2 x has be5 comp>$ to a _m-col\r$ & _m-fibr$ clo?1 9 :i* are mix$ toge!r ,brahmanism1 ,buddhism1 ,demonolatry1 & ,*ri/ianity4 ,& all ^!1 utt]ly reg>dless ( ! _m contradictions :i* !y br+ toge!r1 =m mod]n ,h9duism4 ,?is is true also ( ! gods ( ,india4 ,! e>lie/ ( ! ,v$ic gods _h elem5ts ( nobility 9 !m4 ,! mo/ univ]sally recogniz$ ( _! div9ities 9 primitive times1 ,v>una1 is free f ! va9 passions & moral obliquities ( m rec5t gods4 ,inde$1 z "o foll[s ! c\rse ( "t & ! consequ5t multiplication ( deities 9 ,india1 "o sees 9 _! pan!on a /eady det]ioration ( "*1 until we come to ! mo/ popul> ( mod]n ,h9du deities1 ,kri%na & ,kali1 ! "o well-call$ ! inc>nation ( lu/1 & ! o!r ! goddess ( blood4 ,"o is ! deification ( human passion1 :ile ! o!r is an apo!osis ( brute =ce4 ,& yet ! cults ( ^? two deities h atta9$1 at ! pres5t "t1 ! maximum ( popul>ity ?r\gh\t ! l&4 ,! same fact is manife/ 9 connection ) ! cu/oms ( ! p4 ,9 e>ly ,v$ic times1 h>dly "o ( ^? in/itutions :i* n[ s disfigure ?is religion exi/$ among ! p4 ,idolatry1 ! ca/e sy/em1 & ! _m =ms ( degradation ( wom5 are ( lat] gr[?4 ,nev]1 9 all ! hi/ory ( ! c\ntry1 did !y exi/ & fl\ri% z !y d at ! pres5t "t4 ,?us x w be se5 t1 :ile ! religion ( ! ,brahmans 9 its e>lie/1 primitive /age 0 m]ely an e?nic fai? & l>gely ! e*o ( ! spiritual ye>n+ ( ! human s\l1 its developm5t has nei!r add$ to its p[] nor broad5$ its horizon4 ,on ! contr>y1 x gr[s weak] & has1 age aft] age1 add$ sup]/ition to sup]/ition1 until x has rea*$ its maximum ( error & ( evil at ! pres5t "t4 ,x is wise nei!r to ignore nor to und]e/imate ! be/ t is 9 a fai?2 nor is x fair to %ut "o's eyes to its a*ievem5t z reveal$ 9 ! life ( ! common p4 ,inde$1 ! religi\s life ( ! masses is ! true/ index ( ! real value ( a religion1 if x has wr\ght ^u !m _m c5turies1 z ,h9duism has1 9 ?is l&4 ,i ,9 ! ,we/ ! national evolutioni/ says to u1 ,let ! p ( ,india alone1 t !y may evolve _! own fai?4 ,x is n by cataclysmic *ange1 b by gr[?1 t !y w ultimately f9d _! true r$emption4 ,o!rs1 :o h li/5$ p]haps to ! pleas+ words ( a clev]1 yell[-rob$ ,h9du ,swami1 ask ! "q1 ,:y %\ld we sp5d our money 9 s5d+ ! ,gospel to ^! wond]fully bright p ( ! ,ea/2 are !y n able to take c>e ( !mselves2 & is n _! fai? adequate to _! ne$s8 ,to ?is we simply say3 ,come ) u to ,india & see = y\rselves4 ,live1 z "s ( u h1 = a ?ird ( a c5tury 9 ?is l&1 & see1 he>1 feel1 & und]/& :at ?is ,h9duism is4 ,&1 hav+ und]/ood ! situation1 ask y\rselves :e!r ?is ance/ral fai? ( ,india has 9 itself real sav+ p[] & r$eem+ efficacy = any "o4 ,i ma9ta9 t1 to "k ,h9duism1 is to feel a deep sympa?y ) ! p :o h inh]it$ x z _! fai?1 & to desire to br+ to !m ! ,gospel ( life & ( salvation 9 ,*ri/ ,jesus4 ,! p ( ,india are1 p]haps1 ! mo/ religi\s ^u e>?4 ,9 ?is respect !y are v unlike ! ,japanese & ,*9ese1 :o are worldly1 prosaic1 practical4 ,h9dus are poetic1 o!r-worldly1 & spiritually m9d$4 ,!y h a ke5 in/9ct = ?+s ( ! _s4 ,!y are1 also1 v unlike ! p ( ! ,we/4 ,among ,we/]n]s1 religion is l>gely an incid5t 9 life4 ,x has = !m a sep>ate dep>tm5t1 a small corn]1 9 ! life4 ,9 ! ,ea/1 on ! o!r h&1 religion ent]s into e detail ( life4 ,!re is h>dly a dep>tm5t or an int]e/ 9 life :i* is n subsidiz$ by fai? & :i* has n to be conduct$ religi\sly4 ,moreov]1 ! p ( ,india ?\ght out & elaborat$ mo/ pr(\nd sy/ems ( !osophic ?\ght 9 ! f>1 remote pa/4 ,:5 our ance/ors 7 9 ! dep?s ( savag]y1 ,indian sages 7 indulg+ 9 metaphysical disquisitions :i* are ev5 to-day ! admiration ( we/]n sages4 ,& !re 7 _m among ^? anci5t ,h9du ri%is ^: self-propell$ flight t[>d ,god & div9e ?+s1 & ^: spiritual aspirations & ye>n+s 7 s beautiful t we c b speak ) pr(\nd respect & ent]ta9 ! highe/ admiration ( !m4 ,religion is n m]ely a philosophy1 or ev5 an aspiration2 x is some?+ va/ly m ?an ?is4 ,! ,h9du ,swami w visit ! ,we/ & disc\rse sweetly1 9 p]suasive ,engli%1 ^u ,h9du philosophy4 ,b he w n practise 8 religi\s rites or reveal 8 idolatr\s habits & 8 bondage ( ca/e to ^? we/]n p :o admire him4 ,^! ?+s w\ld at once create a revulsion ( feel+ aga9/ him & 8 philosophy4 ,& yet ^! are mu* m an ess5tial "p ( 8 fai? ?an all 8 moral platitudes & eloqu5t disquisitions4 ,& x %\ld n be =gott5 t ?is same ,swami1 9 ! v act ( cross+ ! oceans to visit ! ,we/1 violates "o ( ! mo/ prom95t comm&s ( 8 fai?4 ,,ii ,:at1 !n1 is ,popul> ,h9duism8 ,i %all endeav\r to analyze x & pres5t "s ( its out/&+ features1 su* z are witness$ all ov] ! l&4 #a4 ,t :i* obtrudes itself ^u all sides & :i* is1 p]haps1 its mo/ det]m9+ factor is its ca/e sy/em4 ,9 o!r l&s1 mean social di/9ctions obta9 & divide ! p4 ,9 ,india only1 ,ca/e is a religi\s in/itution1 f\nd$ by ! au?ority ( ,heav51 p5etrat+ e dep>tm5t & ent]+ into e detail ( life1 & en=c$ by /rictly religi\s p5alties4 ,"o has well said t ,h9duism & ca/e are conv]tible t]ms4 #b4 ,ano!r out/&+ feature ( popul> ,h9duism is its ,poly!ism4 ,:ile pan!ism is ! ess5tial philosophy ( ! l&1--a pan!ism :i* d5ies ! exi/5ce ( all be+s & ev]y?+ save ,brahm 7! ,supreme ,s\l71--nev]!less ?is pan!ism has1 9 ! popul> m9d1 deg5]at$ into ! greate/ pan!on ! _w has ev] kn[n4 ,ev5 t5 c5turies ago its gods 7 said to numb] ?ree hundr$ & ?irty millions6 ,& ?is army ( deities has be5 multiply+ ev] s9ce4 ,ev5 tw5ty-five c5turies ago1 ! f]tile imag9ation ( ! ,brahman _h s peopl$ ?is _w ) gods & godlets ( all grades t ! /]n & s5sible m9d ( ! great ,buddha became disgu/$ ) ! :ole pan!on2 & he e/abli%$ 8 new fai? z a reaction f ! old to ! ext5t ( ignor+ any ,div9e ,be+4 ,if1 9 ^! e>li] days1 su* a man 0 unable to endure ?is manife/ation ( human folly1 :at c we n say 9 ^! days1 :51 9 addition to ! ackn[l$g$ ho/ ( well-kn[n ,h9du deities1 e family has its god1 & e hamlet its protect+ demons2 & :5 trees1 riv]s1 m\nta9s1 & a ?\s& o!r objects repres5t to ! popul> m9d sep>ate godlets8 ,"o c well say t ,india has gone mad 9 its passion = populat+ ! _w ) gods4 #c4 ,moreov]1 ?is pan!on has be5 inc>nat$4 ,x has desc5d$ into a wild & hide\s idolatry4 ,!re is no o!r l& on e>? :]e idolatry is s rampant z x is 9 ,india4 ,images are f\nd ev]y:]e4 ,if ! gods are numb]less1 h[ mu* m ! idols :i* repres5t !m1 & :i* are f\nd 9 e hamlet & h\se & ^u roadsides6 ,9 addition to ^? idols :i* are made = regul> & p]man5t wor%ip1 !re are myriad o!rs :i* are made ( clay & o!r p]i%able sub/ances1 to be us$ = ! "t only1 & !n to be ?r[n into ! riv] or to be wa%$ away by ! ra94 ,& :at hide\s objects ^! idols ( ,india are6 ,! images ( ! gods ( ! anci5t ,greeks 7 beautiful1 & "o feels sometimes almo/ incl9$ to excuse an image-wor%ip :]e ignorance w$s art to religion & comb9es beauty ) devotion4 ,b !re is no su* excuse = ! idolatry ( ,india4 ,9 all my travels ?r\gh ?is great l& ,i h h>dly se5 an image1 or an idol1 :i* is :at may be call$ an arti/ically beautiful object4 ,on ! o!r h&1 _m ( !m are peculi>ly gross & revolt+ 9 appe>ance4 ,! mo/ univ]sally wor%ipp$ god 9 all ,india is ,gane%4 ,8 idols are f\nd all ov] ! l&1 n only 9 temples & %r9es1 b on roadsides1 & 9 all places :]e p assemble4 ,& ?is ,gane%1 ! son ( ,siva1 is repres5t$ by ! grosse/ & mo/ hide\s idol4 ,?is pot-belli$ god has 8 body cr[n$ ) an elephant head6 ,( c\rse1 ,h9du ta/e _c be judg$ by we/]n /&>ds4 ,"o _c fail to recognize ?is fact 9 try+ to judge types ( human beauty 9 ?is l&4 ,b ev5 ,h9du types ( beauty are n at all realiz$ 9 _! idols4 ,x w\ld (t5 seem z if t :i* 0 mo/ revolt+ 9 appe>ance is t :i* appeals mo/ /rongly to ! ,h9du1 z an outw>d expression ( ! div9e4 ,9 any case1 x is true t ! idolatry ( ,india is f>!/ remov$ f ! *a/e1 ! beautiful1 & ! elevat+4 ,& ?is evil is int5sifi$ by ! fact t all wor%ipp$ idols are ba!d ) oil1 & !re=e attract all ! du/1 dirt1 & grime ( ! imm$iate vic9ity4 ,educat$ ,h9dus1 ?\gh !y tell y t ^! idols are only = ! ignorant masses1 r>ely decl9e to unite ) _! families 9 br++ _! (f]+s to1 & 9 wor%ipp+1 ! same4 ,"s w tell u t 9 idolatry p d n wor%ip ! idol itself1 b ! god :o is suppos$ to reside )9 x4 ,ev5 if ?is 7 true1 "o c\ld n admire su* a wor%ip did he "k ! "* ( ! god :i* is suppos$ to reside !re94 ,b _! /atem5t reg>d+ ?is is n true4 ,i h p]sonally inquir$ ( _m ( ! common p :o are idolat]s1 & ,i h nev] yet f\nd a man ^: m9d1 9 wor%ip1 passes beyond ! idol itself4 ,i admit t ! educat$ m9d may leap 9 ?\ght beh9d ! image2 b ! masses ( ! p d n4 ,x is1 at be/1 a debas+ wor%ip1 & drags ! p d[n to ! level ( ! hide\s objects be=e :i* !y pro/rate !mselves4 ,illu/ration3 ,,two ,,h9du ,,idols1 ,,s\? ,,india ,a well-kn[n ,h9du writ] said rec5tly1 9 ! ,*ri/ian ,college ,magaz9e3-- ,i d urge mo/ emphatically t1 :atev] may h be5 ! orig9al int5tion1 & :atev] may be ! esot]ic mean+1 ! millions t p]=m idolatr\s practice 9 ?is c\ntry see no?+ symbolic beh9d ! image & take ! :ole %[ q lit]ally4 ,& c any?+ be m degrad+ to an intellig5t human be+8 ,we "k t all religions are necess>ily m or less an?ropomorphic4 ,b our popul> ,h9duism surpasses ev]y?+ else 9 ?is respect1 too4 ,!re is a fam\s %r9e 9 ?is ,presid5cy :]e ! deity's *ota hazri e>ly meal beg9s ) bread & butt]1 & he goes on eat+ )\t respite till midnight1 :5 he appropriately takes a decoction ( dri$ g+] to help 8 dige/ion be=e he retires to 8 b$room ) 8 consorts2 !re is ano!r fam\s %r9e :]e a cig> is left 9 ! b$room e night = 8 god%ip to smoke2 9 ano!r %r9e1 "u ! managem5t ( a nom9al ascetic1 fett]s are appli$ to ! god's feet :5ev] ! temple's ex*equ] runs l[1 to extort money (f]+s f ! devotees & pilgrims2 9 num]\s o!r %r9es ! deity is tak5 out 9 procession & :ipp$ publicly = hav+ committ$ petty !fts2 9 "o %r9e ! :ole process ( a high-way robb]y is act$ out 9 detail dur+ ! annual fe/ival2 bir?s1 m>riages1 dea?s1 & simil> occurr5ces are1 ( c\rse1 z common & frequ5t 9 our temples z 9 our homes4 ,g5tlem51 c any am\nt ( esot]ic :itewa%+ ju/ify ^! disgraceful & fairly incr$ible practices8 ,!n !re are ! deva dasies1 our 've/al virg9s1' ( :om ev5 small & poor temples h "o or two to boa/4 ,!y are ! recogniz$ pro/itutes ( ! c\ntry1 & _m sociologi/s are ( op9ion t no 'civiliz$' human society c completely get rid ( su* a class4 ,is t any reason :y we %\ld associate !m ) our religion & tempt ! devil himself ) _! pres5ce 9 our holie/ places & %r9es8 #d4 ,ano!r m>k$ feature ( mod]n ,h9duism is its devil-wor%ip4 ,?is is peculi>ly manife/ 9 ,s\? ,india4 ,9 ! ,madras ,presid5cy1 ^: fifty million population is mo/ly ,dravidian1 n9e-t5?s ( ! p foll[ ! fai? ( _! ance/ors1 :i* is ,demonolatry4 ,:5 ,brahmanism came to ,s\? ,india1 _m c5turies ago1 x f\nd intr5*$ among ! p1 ev]y:]e & univ]sally1 ?is anci5t cult4 ,! ,brahmans1 recogniz+ ?is1 did :at !y h always done2 !y said to ! p3 ,we h n come to de/roy y\r religion2 we w take y\r demons & demonesses1 m>ry !m to our gods1 & give !m %r9es & wor%ip 9 our temples4 ,come ) !m & be a "p ( our religion4 ,we w give to y ! privileges1 & conf] ^u y ! dignity & bless+1 ( our great religion4 ,! p 7 impress$ by ?is (f]1 accept$ ! situation1 & 7 absorb$1 ) _! religion1 into ! ,brahmanical fai?4 ,f t "t =w>d !y h be5 recogniz$ z ,h9dus1 & h1 aft] a fa%ion1 be5 loyal memb]s ( t fai?4 ,b let x n be suppos$ t1 by becom+ ,h9dus1 !y h des]t$ _! ance/ral religion1 & h ceas$ to be devil-wor%ipp]s4 ,f> f x4 ,h9duism prop] is to !m a m]e play?+1 or a fe/ival pa/ime4 ,on special ,h9du holidays1 & p]haps on occasions ( pilgrimage1 !y w visit ^! ,h9du temples & br+ _! (f]+ to ! deities ( ,brahmanism4 ,b _! *ief conc]n & _! daily religi\s occupation is f\nd 9 ! appeas+ ( ! _m devils ^: abode is suppos$ to be 9 _! c\ntless village %r9es & "u well-kn[n trees 9 _! hamlets4 ,!y h n abat$ "o jot ( _! belief 9 ! supremacy ( ^! devils 9 _! life-affairs2 & !y always /& 9 fe> ( !m1 & d :at !y c to satisfy _! bloody dem&s4 ,?us at lea/ n9e-t5?s ( ! p ( ,s\? ,india are1 fir/ ( all1 demonolat]s1 & secondly1 b a long way beh9d1 are ,h9dus4 ,& yet a great _m p 9 ! ,we/ ?9k ( ^! p z ! pure wor%ipp]s ( ! highe/ type ( ! ,brahmanical fai?6 ,& x %\ld n be =gott5 t all ov] ,india !re are probably fifty millions ( p :o are ! s-call$ outca/s ( ! l&1 ! mis]able product ( ! ca/e sy/em ( ,h9duism4 ,!y are ! subm]g$ t5? ( ,india4 ,!y are n only socially o/raciz$1 !y are "u ! def9ite ban ( ! ,h9du fai?4 ,!y are ! hew]s ( wood & draw]s ( wat] ( ,brahmanism4 ,!y h no place 9 ,h9duism prop]2 !y are n p]mitt$ to ent] any ( its temples4 ,!y h no "r to receive :atev] com=ts religion may conf]2 its rights & its privileges are entirely d5i$ to !m4 ,b ! tyranny ( ! religion has be5 su*1 dur+ ! _m c5turies ( ! pa/1 z to keep ?is class ( p n only 9 absolute social s]vitude1 b also 9 religi\s dep5d5ce2 & has taught !m 7because x has compell$ !m7 to be satisfi$ ) ! spiritual crumbs :i* are ! meane/ remnants ( :at ! religion pr(esses to give its memb]s4 ,i h (t5 felt1 z ,i h talk$ ) ^! poor1 mis]able ,p>iahs1 t ,i 0 incapable ( und]/&+ _! will+ness to rema9 ?us loosely atta*$ to a fai? :i* d5i$ to !m its mo/ elem5t>y com=ts & bless+s4 ,! my/]y is d\btless to be expla9$ by _! supreme abjectness & helplessness1 :i* h be5 gr\nd into !m by _m c5turies ( bondage4 ,! consequ5ce is1 t :ile ^! _m millions ( outca/ p are numb]$ among ! ,h9dus1 & reg>d !mselves z ,h9dus1 ,h9duism itself has = !m no?+ b curses1 &1 m ?an all o!rs1 !y mu/ be satisfi$ ) ! devil-wor%ip ( _! fa!rs4 #e4 ,b5ea? all ^! l[] aspects ( popul> ,h9duism is /ill f\nd :at may be call$ its l[e/ /ratum--,feti*ism4 ,!re are _m p & tribes 9 ,india :o h n asc5d$ suffici5tly high1 9 religi\s conception1 to make = !mselves def9ite images ( ! gods !y wor%ip4 ,l ! ,african1 !y are cont5t to take natural objects1 su* z a rock or a /one1 & reg>d x z possess$ ( "s _s & wor%ip x4 ,sir ,alfr$ ,lyall1 t well-kn[n au?ority on ,india1 has told u t "o c f9d 9 ,india1 z 9 no o!r l&1 religion ( all =ms & 9 all grades ( developm5t1--f ! l[e/ /ep ( animism to ! mo/ spiritual & ab/ruse pan!ism4 ,i myself h se51 )9 ! area ( "o acre ( l& 9 ,s\? ,india1 ! in/rum5ts ( ^! v>i$ =ms ( wor%ip1 f a greasy1 r\nd /one1 be=e :i* ! l[e/ classes pro/rat$ !mselves1 to an image ( "o ( ! supreme gods ( ,h9duism4 ,!re is n a phase ( wor%ip1 h[ev] high or my/ic1 or h[ev] mean or degrad$1 :i* has n its devotees 9 ?is l&4 #f4 ,mod]n ,h9duism is also guilty ( h>b\r+ & fo/]+ immorality4 ,?is is a cruel /atem5t to make conc]n+ any fai?4 ,b ju/ice compels me to add ?is z "o ( ! *>act]i/ics ( ,h9duism4 ,"s ( ! mo/ rev]$ & popul> writ+s ( ?is religion are s full ( obsc5ity & impure sugge/ion1 t1 to publi% !m 9 a ,*ri/ian l&1 9 ! ,engli% tongue1 w\ld make ! publi%] liable to imprisonm5t4 ,:51 ye>s ago1 ,"l ,dalh\sie1 ! ,vic]oy ( ,india1 enact$ a law puni%+ obsc5ity1 ! lead]s ( ! ,h9du religion 7 s ex]cis$ by x t ! gov]nm5t _h to exempt religi\s writ+s ( ,h9duism1 & emblems ( t fai?1 f ! action ( ! law4 ,!re are _m religi\s books 9 ,india to-day :i* are classical 9 ! beauty ( _! language1 b :i* ! ,univ]sities ( ,india decl9e to use z text-books because ( _! gross obsc5ity4 ,among ! mo/ demoraliz+ in/itutions to ! y\? ( ,india are ! temple c>s1 :i* are f\nd 9 e village ( any consequ5ce ?r\gh\t ! l&4 ,!y are erect$ at great exp5se1 by temple au?orities1 are mo/ elaborately c>v$1 & are us$ = ! conveyance ( ! gods ?r\gh ! village /reets ^u fe/ival occasions4 ,!re is h>dly "o ( ^! c>s1 9 ,s\? ,india at any rate1 :i* is n disfigur$ by grossly s5sual c>v+s su* z ought to br+ blu%+ %ame to any dec5t & self-respect+ community4 ,!y are op5 to ! public gaze1 & *ildr5 ( ! village play "u _! %ad[1 & gaze daily ^u _! vile & disgu/+ sights4 ,! gov]nm5t w\ld =bid ! erection ( su* c>s to-morr[1 if !y _h n pl$g$ !mselves n to int]f]e ) ! religion ( ! p6 ,9 ! ,vai%nava cult ( ,h9duism !re is at lea/ "o sect1 well kn[n ?r\gh\t ! l&1 ^: wor%ip is load$ ) impurity1 & ^: wor%ipp]s1 at c]ta9 fe/ivals1 specially1 yield !mselves to all =ms ( sexual practices su* z _c be m5tion$4 ,sakti wor%ip1 or ! wor%ip ( ! goddesses1 l5ds itself def9itely to ?is gross evil2 & ! lead+ ,tantraic books ( ?is cult are s fil?y t !y are n fit to be translat$4 ,9 ,b5gal1 :]e ! wor%ip ( ,durgai1 ! wife ( ,siva1 is dom9ant1 ! ,h9dus !mselves are beg9n+ to prote/ aga9/ ! lewdness1 obsc5ity1 & lic5ti\sness :i* prevail at _! great ,holi fe/ival1 :i* is ! annual fe/ival ( ! goddess4 ,ano!r in/itution connect$ ) ! temple wor%ip ( ,india1 & ( :i* ,h9dus ought to be he>tily a%am$1 is t ( danc+-girls4 ,little girls 9 _! infancy are devot$ & d$icat$ by _! own mo!rs to ! temples4 ,!y are suppos$ to be m>ri$ to ! gods ( ! temple1 & are call$ ! s]vants ( ! gods4 ,!y dance 9 att5dance ^u ! gods1 ^u fe/ival occasions1 & are an inh]5t "p ( ! temple wor%ip4 ,b ! sad ?+ ab\t ^! wom5 is t _! own mo!rs knew1 :5 !y d$icat$ !m 9 infancy1 t !y 7 b9d+ !m to a life ( %ame4 ,= ! danc+-girls are ! pr(essional pro/itutes ( ,india4 ,!re are a ho/ ( ^! wom5 7twelve ?\s& 9 ,s\? ,india alone7 :o1 )\t _! own cons5t1 & 9 ! sacr$ "n ( religion1 h be5 h&$ ov] to ?is life ( %ame1 to corrupt & debase ! y\? ( ! l&4 ,_! life is a l\d cry aga9/ _! "m-fai?1 :i* sy/ematically devotes !m to de/ruction ( s\l & body4 ,"s educat$ m5 ( ! l& d5\nce ?is z an evil :i* %\ld be /opp$4 ,b ! lead]s ( ! fai? turn a deaf e> to all su* cries4 #g4 ,! treatm5t ( woman )9 ,h9duism is wor?y ( att5tion4 ,h9duism has nev] look$ ) k9dness or consid]ation ^u wom54 ,x seems to h be5 its settl$ policy to treat !m ) contempt & unk9dness4 ,! consequ5ce is t ! girl babe is nev] welcome 9 ! ,h9du family4 ,& f ! cradle to ! grave woman has no indep5d5ce or "r )9 ! pale ( ?is fai?4 ,dur+ *ildhood %e is 9 bondage to h] fa!r1 dur+ h] m>riage %e mu/ give implicit ob$i5ce to h] husb&1 & z a wid[ %e rema9s ! w>d ( h] sons4 ,look at ! disabilities "u :i* ! ,h9du woman lab\rs to-day4 ,%e is held 9 ignorance4 ,only six ,h9du wom5 out ( "o ?\s& are able to read & write4 ,%e has nev] be5 reg>d$ z wor?y ( education4 ,h] ignorance has be5 reg>d$ z h] safety1 & has be5 ! /udi$ policy ( ,h9duism4 ,%e has nev] be5 reg>d$ z wor?y to "k ! sacr$ books ( h] own fai?4 ,x is a s9 9 ,h9duism to-day = any man to tea* a woman ! mo/ sacr$ tru?s ( ! fai?4 ,h] m9d is n a fit receptacle = su* tru?s4 ,:ile %e has no?+ to d 9 *oos+ = h]self a husb&1 %e is b\nd 9 infancy1 ?r\gh holy w$lock1 to a *ild l h]self4 ,h] *ild husb& may die be=e he atta9s manhood1 :5 %e becomes a wid[4 ,&1 because h] />s are suppos$ to h _h influ5ce 9 8 dea?1 %e is treat$ ) cruelty & is reg>d$ z ! evil /> ( ! home4 ,ow+ to ?is evil cu/om ( *ild m>riage1 !re are to-day tw5ty-six million wid[s 9 ?is l&1 ( :om f\r hundr$ ?\s& are "u fifte5 ye>s ( age4 ,x is n simply t ! lot ( ^! poor wom5 is "o ( greate/ h>d%ip & contempt2 !y also become ! prey ( lu/ful m5 & fall into grosse/ s9s4 ,9 mod]n times ! gov]nm5t has tri$ to light5 ! burd5s ( womanhood 9 ! l&2 b ! repres5tatives ( ,h9duism1 & its cu/odians1 all /& 9 ! way ( any helpful legislation1 & are det]m9$ to keep woman 9 s]vitude at all haz>ds4 #h4 ,! religi\s ascetic repres5ts "o ( ! *>act]i/ic features ( mod]n ,h9duism4 ,religi\s asceticism has be5 ! ideal ( ! ,h9du life f "t immemorial4 ,! man :o has giv5 up all e>?ly pursuits & w&]s ) begg>'s cup 9 h& f place to place1 mak+ pilgrimages to ! holy places ( ,india1 or :o sep>ates himself entirely f m5 & devotes ye>s to ! solitude ( ! wild]ness 9 ! cultivation ( piety1--he x is :o is ! admiration ( ! :ole ,h9du community4 ,& x is = ?is v reason t s _m m5 9 ,india to-day don ! yell[ robe ( ?is pr(ession1 & make capital out ( ?is s5tim5t ( ! p4 ,!re are millions ( ^! religi\s m5dicants :o are entirely non-productive & live ^u ! common p4 ,a few ( !m1 d\btless1 are s9c]e & are seek+ aft] communion ) ,god4 ,b ! va/ majority are lazy & rott5 to ! core4 ,_! life is kn[n to be utt]ly wor?less1 & !y are morally pe/if]\s 9 _! influ5ce ^u ! :ole community4 ,& yet ! p accept !m z ! highe/ types ( piety 9 ! l&4 ,ev5 ! poore/ among !m w\ld give 8 la/ morsel to ^! wor?less m54 ,!re are1 inde$1 v few 9 ! community :o w\ld d>e to refuse an (f]+ to ^! begg>s1 because !y are s ready to invoke dreadful imprecations ^u ^? :o decl9e to give any?+ to !m4 ,!re are few ?+s t an or?odox ,h9du dreads m ?an ! curse ( a religi\s ascetic4 ,?us1 ?\gh ^! m5 are kn[n to trample "u foot e law ( ,god & are utt]ly useless to ! :ole community1 ! p nev]!less reg>d !m v highly & %[] _! bless+s ^u !m4 ,9 any l& ! ma9t5ance ( su* an army w\ld be a great burd5 ^u ! p2 9 ,india1 :]e !y are s poor1 h[ heavy ?is burd5 mu/ be1 & h[ great mu/ be ! curse ( su* a ho/ prey+ bo? morally & physically ^u ! re/ ( ! community6 ,x is equally disa/r\s to ! conception ( ! common p conc]n+ _! fai? t s l>ge a body ( recogniz$ hypocrites %\ld1 nev]!less1 be s highly e/eem$ z types ( piety4 ,! exi/5ce ( ?is class ( wor?less m5 reveals1 also1 ano!r /rik+ fact :i* *>act]izes ! religion ( ,india1 & t is ! utt] divorce ( fai? & morals4 ,h9duism has nev] recogniz$ any connection1 & lea/ ( all any ess5tial union1 betwe5 piety & e?ics4 ,z we h se51 ! mo/ pi\s m5 9 ! l&1 accord+ to ,indian ideas1 may be ! mo/ immoral4 ,?is has be5 "o ( ! fatal defects ( ,h9duism f ! e>lie/ times4 ,consci5ce has f\nd v small place 9 ?is religion ( ! ,brahmans4 #i4 ,mod]n ,h9duism1 also1 inculcates ! _s ( pessimism among its p4 ,! ,puranas tell u1 & ! p univ]sally believe x1 t we are n[ liv+ 9 ,kali ,yuga1 ! iron age1 9 :i* all ?+s are evil1 & 9 :i* righte\sness is a ?+ l>gely unkn[n to ! p4 ,all ! =ces ( ?is age are aga9/ ! good1 & x leaves no enc\ragem5t to any "o to try to d1 & to be1 good4#d ,footnote #d3 ,see ,*apt] ,x1 ,kali ,yuga4 #aj4 ,add to ?is ! ev5 m pot5t belief ( ! p 9 a/rology4 ,! planets & ! />s1 ! moon & ! nodes are liv+ gods1 !y say1 :i* wield an influ5ce ov] ! life & de/9y ( human be+s4 ,! a/rolog] is p]haps ! mo/ important function>y 9 ! social & religi\s life ( ! p4 ,no m>riage c be p]=m$ unless ! horoscope ( ! bride & ! bridegroom h>monize4 ,no social or dome/ic ev5t ( importance1 & specially no religi\s c]emony ( any consequ5ce1 c be c>ri$ on save dur+ :at are call$ auspici\s days & mom5ts4 ,a/rology is ! "r h& ( ,h9duism1 & x has supreme au?ority 9 ! direction ( mo/ ( its affairs4 ,add to ?is ! belief 9 om5s1 :i* ent]s v l>gely into human life & ?\ght4 ,a ,h9du w n />t ^u a j\rney save on :at is a/rologically an auspici\s day2 & if ev5 a cr[ crosses 8 pa? f left to "r1 aft] he has begun 8 j\rney1 x is reg>d$ z an ill om51 & he w at once return home4 ,he sp5ds mu* ( 8 "t 9 wat*+ su* om5s2 ev5 an ass's bray c>ries a significance to him4 ,if x is he>d 9 ! ea/1 8 success w be delay$2 9 ! s\!a/1 x port5ds dea?2 9 ! s\?1 x means weal?2 etc4 ,x matt]s n h[ important x may be t a man %\ld und]take a j\rney or a task at a c]ta9 "t1 he w n d x at t "t if he f9ds x to be inauspici\s4 ,:5 ! new gov]nor ( ,madras rec5tly arriv$ at 8 de/9ation1 ! reception to be giv5 to him by ! ,h9dus _h to be po/pon$ because x 0 ignorantly put at an h\r :i* 0 ,rahu ,kala--an inauspici\s h\r6 ,9 a ?\s& simil> ways1 ! ,h9du p are controll$ & h&icapp$ by silly sup]/itions :i* make life a burd5 to !m & :i* rob !m ( effici5cy & sanity4 ,?is1 !n1 is ! ,h9duism ( ! masses2 & no o!r p devote !mselves s fai?fully to _! fai? z d ^!4 ,& none1 = ?is v reason1 are m wor?y ( our sympa?y & ( our assi/ance to rise to bett] ?+s 9 ! realm ( fai?4 ,,*apt] ,,viii ,,h9du ,,religi\s ,,ideals ,,z ,,!y ,,affect ,,! ,,progress ,,( ,,*ri/ianity ,to ! /ud5t ( comp>ative religion !re appe> _m /rik+ consonances betwe5 ,h9duism & ,*ri/ianity4 ,_m a deep note 9 religi\s ?\ght & life f9ds common expression 9 ^! two great fai?s4 ,yet _! dissonances are mu* m m>k$ & fundam5tal4 ,9 no?+ are ,*ri/ianity & ,h9duism m antipodal ?an 9 ! ideals :i* !y exalt1 respectively1 be=e _! foll[]s2 & ?is conflict ( ideals is ! mo/ /ubborn1 z x is ! mo/ p]vasive1 t ,*ri/ianity has to face 9 ,india4 ,! vision ( ,god & ( man1 ( human life & atta9m5t1 :i* we pres5t be=e an or?odox ,h9du1 does n impress him z x %\ld1 simply because x does n fit into 8 ?9k+4 ,x antagonizes 8 inh]it$ prepossessions2 x violates _m ( ! mo/ *]i%$ ideals ( religi\s life & spiritual end[m5t1 :i*1 f "t immemorial1 h be5 h&$ d[n to him4 ,x is an int]e/+ "q h[ mu* ( ?is diff]5ce is ( ! ess5ce ( ! two religions1 & h[ mu* is ! product ( ! m5tal & spiritual make-up ( ! tropical ,ea/1 on ! "o h&1 & ( ! m nor!rn ,we/1 on ! o!r4 ,! climatic & national idiosyncrasies are m pot5tial 9 ! complexion ( ! two fai?s ?an we are wont to ?9k4 ,b :e!r ^! diff]5t ideals are1 or are n1 ess5tially *>act]i/ic ( ! two fai?s1 is n a "q q g]mane to my pres5t purpose4 ,x is en\gh to rememb] t ! we/]n conception ( ,*ri/ianity1 :i* ! mission>y has inh]it$ & :i* he is eag]ly pres5t+1 & c h>dly avoid pres5t+1 to ! p ( ?is l&1 is f> remov$ f :at ! ,h9du has always be5 taught to believe t a religion %\ld br+ into a man's life & possession4 ,x is easy en\gh to prove to ! man ( ord9>y intellig5ce ! debas+ influ5ce ( idolatry1 ! accurs$ slav]y ( ! ca/e sy/em1 ! gross immorality ( ! ,h9du pan!on1 & ! dw>f+ & degrad+ "* ( ! c]emonialism ( mod]n ,h9duism4 ,b beh9d & above all ^!1 ! ,h9du has inh]it$ a numb] ( ideals :i* allure & comm& him4 ,!y are 8 ultimate crit]ia & resort1 & !y conflict ) ^? :i* ! supplant+ fai? pres5ts z ! summum bonum ( life4 ,x is n until ! ,*ri/ian tea*] c %[ to him1 9 a way t w move him1 ! excell5ce ( ! supreme ideals ( ,*ri/ianity above ^? ( ! old fai?1 t 8 "w c be said to h a*iev$ a triumph 9 8 life4 ,h5ce ! great--,i might almo/ say ! transc5d5t--importance ( mission s*ools ( all grades ?r\gh :i* are s[n ! se$ ( a new philosophy ( life4 ,h]e9 also lies ! ev5 m valu$ s]vice :i* a sane & a /rong ,*ri/ian lit]ature 9 ,engli% & 9 all ! v]nacul>s ( ! l& c r5d]1 & is r5d]+1 to ! cause ( ,*ri/ 9 ,india4 ,= ! fight 9 ,india is1 m ?an x is or has be5 9 any o!r l&1 "o t ga!rs ar\nd basal conceptions & fundam5tal po/ulates ab\t ,god & man & life2 & ,*ri/ianity c nev] seem attractive to an intellig5t ,h9du until x has conqu]$ 8 ass5t at ^! po9ts ( vital importance4 ,let u consid] a few ( ^! ideals :i* ev]y:]e & always obtrude !mselves ^u u 9 ,india4 ,i ,! ,div9e ,ideal ,9 ! conception ( ! ,godhead :i* obta9s 9 ,*ri/ianity & t :i* dom9ates mod]n ,h9duism !re is f\nd a diff]5ce ( emphasis :i* am\nts almo/ to a contra/4 ,to ! ,h9du1 ! ,supreme ,s\l or ,brahm is idealiz$ ,intellig5ce2 to ! ,*ri/ian ,god is p]fect ,w4 ,to ! =m]1 ,he is supreme ,wisdom2 to ! o!r1 ,he is inf9ite ,goodness4 ,! devotees ( ea* fai? aspire to become l unto1 or to p>take (1 _! ,div9e ,ideal4 ,h5ce ! goal ( ! "o is brahma gnana 7,div9e ,wisdom72 ( ! o!r1 x is supreme love or goodness4 ,?us at its f\ndation ! religion ( ,india has always plac$ p]fect intellig5ce z its corn] /one1 :ile ! basis ( ! rival fai? has be5 an ideal ( e?ical p]fection4 ,h5ce1 t process ( intellectual gymna/ics :i* s m>k$ly *>act]izes ! high] realms ( ,h9du sa9?ood & ef=t1 on ! "o h&1 & ! altrui/ic f]v\r & outgo+ *>ity ( ! ideal ,*ri/ian1 on ! o!r4 ,= ?is reason1 also1 ! great root ( bitt]ness :i* ,h9duism has1 f ! fir/1 s\ght to remove has be5 ignorance 7avidia7--t intellectual bl9dness :i* p]si/s 9 ma9ta9+ t ! self & ! ,supreme ,s\l are sep>ate realities & :i* is ! only b>ri] to ! self's f9al emancipation & f9al absorption into ! ,div9e4 ,to ! ,*ri/ian1 on ! o!r h&1 ! dread enemy is s9--t moral obliquity :i* diff]5tiates ! s\l f ! p]fect e?ical beauty ( ,god4 ,9 consonance ) ?is1 ! salvation :i* is exalt$ z ! summum bonum1 to be =ev] s\ght by ! "o1 is self-k1 by ! o!r self-realization 9 con=mity to ! ,div9e ,w4 ,i w\ld n affirm t moral rectitude is abs5t z a desid]atum f ! ambition ( ! ,h9du1 nor t ! ,*ri/ian does n accept ) 8 ,"l t ?is is et]nal life to "k ,god1 & t he does n aspire ) ! great ,apo/le to "k ev5 z ,i am kn[n4 ,b ! supreme emphasis :i* is giv5 by ! "o to nesci5ce z ! evil to be remov$1 & to wisdom z ! cr[n+ grace to be a*iev$1 &1 by ! o!r1 to rebellion ( he>t aga9/ ,god z ! great s91 & to trans=mation to ,8 moral image z p]fect$ salvation1 is mu* too m>k$ to be ov]look$ by ! /ud5t ( ^! two fai?s1 & by ! ,*ri/ian mission>y 9 ! l&4 ,& all ( ?is comes z a natural consequ5ce f ! diff]5t concepts :i* ! two religions h ( ,god ,himself4 ,inde$1 ^! two /&po9ts f :i* ! ,godhead is conceiv$ acc\nt = ! deepe/ div]g5cies ( ,h9du & ,*ri/ian philosophy & !ology4 ,,ii ,! ,h9du & ,*ri/ian ,conceptions ( ,inc>nation are simil>ly ,div]g5t ,inc>nation is a fundam5tal doctr9e ( ! religion ( ,jesus4 ,x is also an ov]%ad[+ t5et ( mod]n ,h9duism4 ,= ?is reason1 ! ,*ri/ian mission>y f9ds 9 ?is doctr9e ! be/ lev]age :]e) to raise ! ,h9du to our fai?4 ,yet at ?is v po9t 8 ef=ts are l>gely fru/rat$ by ! v diff]5t conceptions :i* obta9 9 ! two religions4 ,! ,*ri/ian inc>nation mu/ be1 & is1 fir/ ( all1 ( a p]fect e?ical type--an ideal ( transc5d5t moral beauty & spiritual excell5ce4 ,! lea/ flaw or crook$ness 9 ,8 "* w\ld vitiate ,8 pret5sions1 & w\ld be ! dea?-bl[ to ! doctr9e ( ,8 inc>nation & div9ity4 ,9 ,h9duism1 on ! o!r h&1 moral crit]ia h no application to ! desc5ts or inc>nations ( ,vi%nu4 ,to 8 ?ree fir/ inc>nations 7( ! fi%1 ! tortoise1 & ! bo>71 moral te/s are1 ( c\rse1 out ( place2 nor are !y any m applicable to ! grossly s5sual ,kri%na1 :o is ! only full inc>nation ( ! god1 & :o is ! supremely popul> mod]n inc>nation ( ! ,h9du pan!on4 ,h9dus h nev] dreamt ( squ>+ ! go+ ( _! inc>nations ) e?ical dem&s & /&>ds4 ,:atsoev] ( good ,vi%nu1 9 8 desc5t1 is said to h come to a*ieve 9 ! _w1 x c]ta9ly 0 n a moral or a spiritual good4 ,s an appeal to ! moral excell5ce1 or to ! aton+ "w & purpose1 ( ! ,*ri/ does n1 at fir/1 9 any way impress !m z an argum5t = ,8 div9e "* or heav5ly orig91 any m ?an ! moral obliquity ( _! own desc5ts argues to ! contr>y4 ,moreov]1 ! ,h9du conception ( inc>nation l>gely resembles ! ,jewi%4 ,x mu/ be a triumphant desc5t4 ,vi%nu1 9 all 8 inc>nations1 came to de/roy r ?an to suff] himself to be put to dea?4 ,a suff]+ & a dy+ god is to-day1 to ! ,h9du1 :at x 0 tw5ty c5turies ago to ! ,jew & ,greek--a /umbl+-block & a fooli%ness4 ,x is true t ,buddha1 :o 0 9 m rec5t times adopt$ z an inc>nation1 9 ord] to w9 ov] to mod]n ,h9duism ! foll[]s ( 8 fai?1 is some:at ( an exception to ?is rule4 ,b n1 accord+ to ! ,h9du int]pretation ( x4 ,s ! two elem5ts ( glory 9 ! inc>nation ( ,*ri/--,8 spotless "* & ,8 ,cross & dea?--d n ord9>ily appeal to ! inhabitants ( ?is l& z 9 any s5se necess>y or important4 ,,iii ,ideals ( ,life ,f ! above consid]ations x w be natural to conclude t ! ideals ( life ent]ta9$ by ! ,ea/ & ,we/ are f> remov$4 ,! conflict ( ^! ideals is ! prim>y cause ( ! _m /range religi\s & social movem5ts :i* to-day s5d _! ramifications into e t[n & hamlet ( ?is l&2 & x creates ! mighty revolution n[ at "w 9 ,india4 ,consid] fir/ ! religi\s ideals :i* dom9ate ?is l& & ! ,f> ,we/4 ,h9duism has exalt$ asceticism z ! highe/ type ( life & ! be/ me?od ( holy atta9m5t4 ,f "t immemorial ! religi\s m5dicant1 ) 8 ideals ( self-r5unciation & ascetic practices1 has f\nd univ]sal admiration among ?is p1 & 8 motives & me?ods /& z ! mo/ highly approv$ 9 all ! annals ( ?is religion4 ,x is true t ?is 0 univ]sally exalt$ above all o!r =ms ( life among ,*ri/ians also at "o "t1 z x cont9ues to be among1 p]haps1 ! majority to-day4 ,& is n ! ,cross1 :i* is ! emblem ( self-r5unciation & self-effacem5t1 ! motive p[] ( our fai?1 z x is also ! embodi$ ideal ( our ,life8 ,true2 b !re is ?is m>k$ diff]5ce betwe5 ! two fai?s4 ,9 ,*ri/ianity ! ,cross is only a means4 ,! ,cross ( self-effacem5t is ! pa?way ( ,*ri/ & ( ! ,*ri/ian to ! cr[n ( self-realization4 ,we despise ! l[] good 9 ord] t we may atta9 unto ! high]4 ,9 ,h9duism1 ! rig\rs ( asceticism are1 inde$1 sometimes a means to an end2 b t end is n "* or any spiritual a*ievem5t1 b p[] ) ! gods4 ,ne>ly all ! notable in/ances ( religi\s au/]ities & self-torture practis$ by yogis1 & record$ 9 ,h9du leg5d & hi/ory1 7 und]tak5 = ! purpose ( accumulat+ !reby a great /ore ( m]it ?r\gh :i* p[] might be acquir$ ov] m5 or gods4 ,?us _m an ascetic is said to h s subdu$ & afflict$ 8 body t ne>ly ! :ole ,h9du pan!on trembl$ 9 ! pres5ce ( ! p[] ?us acquir$ by him4 ,b :5 ! ,h9du ascetic has n ?is object 9 self-r5unciation1 8 au/]ities are an end 9 !mselves4 ,he r5\nces all--n simply ! mean ?+s ( life1 b also ! noble/ ambitions & ! mo/ heav5ly s5tim5ts--because !y are a fett] :i* b9d him to ! _w4 ,he inde$ calls a good de$1 or a holy ?\ght1 a gold5 fett]1 b x is1 j ! same1 reg>d$ by him z an evil :i* prolongs 8 human exi/5ce2 & ^! human conditions mu/ be end$ z soon z possible4 ,! ,*ri/ian1 on ! o!r h&1 suppresses 8 passions 9 ord] t 8 holy desires may prevail2 ! ,h9du /ruggles equally aga9/ ! wor/ passions & ! noble/ s5tim5ts ( 8 he>t2 = !y all delay t calm equilibrium ( ! self :i* is ! doorway into sayut*ia 7absorption74 ,?us "*1 or ! preval5ce ( ! nobl] s5tim5ts ( our nature above ! mean]1 is n1 & nev] has be51 ! aim ( ,h9du asceticism4 ,& 9 consonance ) ?is fact is ! o!r1 namely1 t n9e-t5?s ( ! five & a half million ascetics1 sadhus1 & fakhirs ( ,india are univ]sally recogniz$ z pe/il5tial 9 _! morals1 & z di/+ui%$ examples ( :at ! laity ( ! l& %\ld avoid be+ or becom+4 ,! ,*ri/ian seeks1 z 8 ideal1 ! p]fect bl5d+ ( ! e?ical & ! spiritual 9 8 life2 9 ,h9duism1 fai? has always be5 divorc$ f morality1 & !re has nev] seem$ to be any incongruity1 9 _! m9ds1 9 ! act ( ascrib+ true sa9tl9ess & spiritual excell5ce to ^? :o are kn[n daily to trample "u foot e comm& ( ! ,decalogue4 ,?us ! ideal life :i* has captivat$ ,india f "t immemorial1 & :i* at ?is pres5t wields a mighty influ5ce ov] ! p1 is n ! g5]\s1 ! upright1 & morally spotless life1 s mu* z ! w&]+1 ! mona/ic1 or ! seclud$ =e/ life ( ! ascetic1 reg>dless ( its spiritual "*4 ,9 o!r words1 x is n a /]n & noble victory ov] s9 & worldl9ess 9 ! common relation%ips ( life1 b a flee+ f ! s9 & duties & responsibilities ( life into ! mutt1 or wild]ness1 :i* has fasc9at$ ! inhabitants ( ?is p59sula z ! be/ type ( life possible4 ,n[1 9 view ( all ?is1 :at %all ! ,*ri/ian tea*] d 9 ?is l&8 ,%all he also exalt ?is ideal & temp] x ) ,*ri/ian wisdom & *a/5 x ) ,*ri/ian mean+8 ,d\btless ! wise mission>y w consid] well ! am\nt ( emphasis :i* ?is aspect ( life requires 9 ,india1 9 view ( ! ideal :i* ,h9duism has pres5t$ to ! popul> m9d4 ,he w also1 ,i ?9k1 hesitate1 on ! "o h&1 to br+ 8 fai? into comp>ison ) ,h9duism 9 ! matt] ( m]e ascetic rig\r & sev]e self-mortification1 9 :i* ! ,*ri/ian has always lagg$ f> beh9d ! ,h9du devotee & monk4 ,on ! o!r h&1 he w n be likely to exalt ov]-mu* ?is type ( life 9 a l& 9 :i*1 = m ?an ?ree ?\s& ye>s1 x has rul$ supremely b has _h s little ( moral significance & has a*iev$ su* meagre spiritual results4 ,ano!r phase ( life :i* furni%es to ! p an ideal is ! c]emonial4 ,among ! myriad gods ( ! ,h9du pan!on & all ! sages ( its hi/ory & leg5d1 !re is n "o :o is wor?y to be exalt$ z an ideal ( "*4 ,! reason is n f> to f9d4 ,) ?is1 h[ev]1 we are n at pres5t conc]n$4 ,x is en\gh if we rememb] t ?is abs5ce ( an inc>nate ideal 9 ! religion has l$ to ! exaltation ( rules & c]emonies z ! safegu>ds (--yea1 m1 z ! v ess5ce (--a wor?y & noble life4 ,!re is no sadd] fact 9 ,india at pres5t ?an t ( ?is great religion1 ( two hundr$ & ?irty million s\ls1 be+ l>gely empti$ ( moral cont5t z relat$ to ! common life1 & built up ( numb]less petty ext]nal c]emonies :i* h>ass ! individual1 & grip ! life ) a dead h& at all po9ts4 ,! c]emonialism ( ! ,scribes & ,ph>isees 9 ! days ( our ,"l & :i* excit$ ,8 supreme wra?1 0 n a consequ5ce z comp>$ to t ( ,h9duism to-day4 ,f conception ev5 to ! burn+-gr\nd1 e detail ( life1 individual & communal1 religi\s & social 7!re is no social z ap>t f religi\s life 9 ,h9duism71 is ca/ into a m\ld ( c]emony or ritual :i* robs x ( e?ical cont5t1 & makes x into :at an indignant ,brahman writ] rec5tly call$ a huge %am4 ,to ! ord9>y ,h9du1 all ( life's values are measur$ 9 ! co9 ( ext]nal rites4 ,let "o be an a!i/ if he please1 or ev5 a lib]t9e or a murd]]1 & 8 /atus 9 ,h9duism is n impair$4 ,b let him eat beef1 ev5 unwitt+ly1 or let him ignorantly dr9k wat] :i* has be5 t\*$ by a man ( l[] ca/e ?an himself1 & 8 doom is irrevocably seal$6 ,?r\gh ?is :ole sy/em ! ,h9du consci5ce is p]v]t$1 & ! true di/9ction betwe5 "r & wrong is buri$ deep "u ?is greate/ & mo/ elaborate mass ( c]emonial t ! _w has ev] kn[n4 ,to a p :o h ?us inh]it$ ! c]emonial in/9ct1 :o are ,ph>isees by a hundr$-fold h]itage & by sweet *oice1 x is n an easy ?+ = ! man ( ! ,we/1 ) 8 natural di/ru/ ( all t is =mal & outw>d 9 life1 to pres5t effectively 8 ,"l1 ^: bitt]e/ woes 7 pron\nc$ aga9/ ! =mali/s ( ,8 "t1 & ^: comm&s are always e?ical1 & ^: life is1 fir/ ( all1 & la/ ( all1 spiritual4 ,ano!r ideal ( life :i* has too exclusive emphasis 9 ?is l& is t :i* is d5om9at$ quietism--an ideal :i* extols ! passive virtues z di/+ui%$ f ! manly1 aggressive ones4 ,i w\ld by no means claim t ^! two ideals are ,h9du & ,*ri/ian1 respectively4 ,!y are r begott5 ( ! c\ntries & climes "u :i* ! two religions h be51 = _m c5turies1 fo/]$4 ,to ! ea/]n & tropical ,*ri/ian1 ! tea*+ ( our ,"l furni%es abundant w>rant = a glorify+ ( ! passive & non-resi/+ virtues4 ,& ,i am incl9$ to believe t we ( ! ,we/ h few ?+s ( great] importance & ( deep] religi\s significance to le>n f ! ,ea/ ?an ! appreciation ( su* graces ( life z pati5ce & endurance "u evil4 ,we /& always prep>$ to fight manfully = our convictions1 & to obtrude !m at all po9ts ^u fri5d & foe alike4 ,x is n 9 ! nature ( ! ,ea/ to d ?is4 ,we say t he has no /am9a4 ,we call him1 9 opprobrium1 ! mild ,h9du4 ,b let u n =get t he w reveal t5fold m pati5ce ?an we "u v try+ circum/ances1 & w turn ! o!r *eek to ! enemy :5 we ru% into gross s9 by our ha/e & ire4 ,8 is "o ( ! hemisph]es ( a full-orb$ "*4 ,ours ( ! ,we/ is ! o!r4 ,let u n flatt] ourselves too positively t our ass]tive1 aggressive "p is ! m beautiful or ! m important4 ,yea1 m1 ,i "q :e!r ours is ! /rong] & m mascul9e "p ( life & "*2 = is x n to mo/ ( u an easi] ?+ to fl+ ourselves 9 vehem5ce aga9/ an evil 9 o!rs ?an x is to sit calmly & pati5tly "u a false accusation1 z our ,"l ,himself did8 ,at lea/ x mu/ be left an op5 "q z to :e!r ! impulsive & dom9e]+ vig\r ( ! ,we/ is pref]able to ! mildness ( ! ,ea/4 ,:at ,i wi% to emphasize is ! dissimil>ity betwe5 our we/]n type ( life & ! ea/]n1 & to w>n ! ,*ri/ian work] f ! ,we/ aga9/ ! dang] ( assum+ t ,*ri/ian life mu/ be adorn$ ) only ^? we/]n traits & excell5ces ( "* :i* are =eign & unpalatable to ! ,ea/--! v fault :i* also *>act]izes ! ,h9du on 8 side1 & :i* makes him feel s sup]ior at times & s inaccessible to ,*ri/ian influ5ce4 ,=1 let x n be =gott5 t ! ,h9du reg>ds :at we call our foibles ( petulance1 arrogance1 & intol]ance1 ) ! same disapprobation & disgu/ z we d _! m frequ5t violation ( ! sev5?1 eigh?1 & n9? comm&m5ts ( ! ,decalogue4 ,& :o is to decide z to :i* catalogue is ! worse & ! m he9\s 9 ! sight ( ,god8 ,,iv ,! ,h9du ,conception ( ,ultimate ,salvation pres5ts ,ano!r ,po9t ( ,div]g5ce f ! ,*ri/ian ,ideal ( ,life ,beyond ,ev5 9 ! me?ods & processes ( r$emption pursu$ by ! two religions we see fundam5tal diff]5ces4 ,9 ,*ri/ianity1 ,god is ! prime ,ag5t 9 human salvation4 ,he worke? = u1 9 u1 & ?r\gh u4 ,9 our own r$emption we are only co-lab\r]s ) ,him4 ,9 ,h9duism1 man /&s absolutely alone z ! ag5t & cause ( 8 salvation4 ,&1 z ! /up5d\s task re/s ^u 8 %\ld]s1 x is no wond] t he has s\ght relief 9 ! doctr9e ( metempsy*osis1 :]eby x is believ$ t millions ( rebir?s furni% to him an adequate "t & a suffici5t v>iety ( opportunity = ! great consummation4 ,b he has nev] giv5 to himself1 or to u1 ! fir/ reason = believ+ t ?is endless fugue ( rebir?s w accompli% t :i* he accepts )\t que/ion+2 namely1 ! ultimate glorification ( all s\ls4 ,!re is no?+ 9 ?is long & t$i\s process itself :i* assures u t any s\l w rea* f9al beatification r ?an p]man5t & irrem$iable degradation4 ,& yet ! ultimate absorption ( all s\ls into ! ,div9e is assum$ z a matt] ( c\rse by him4 ,?is process1 & t ( ,*ri/ianity1 are expressive ( ! *>act]i/ics ( ! two fai?s & ( ! two peoples4 ,! sl[ & pati5t ,ea/1 & ! fai? :i* x has begott51 sp9s out its !ory ( "t & ( human exi/5ce almo/ ad inf9itum4 ,multitud9\s bir?s alone c satisfy ! dem&s ( ! t$i\s process ( human emancipation4 ,b1 9 ,*ri/ianity1 "o passage ?r\gh ?is _w1 ) human h&s clasp$ 9 ! ,div9e1 suffices to op5 ! door ( et]nal bliss to ! r$eem$ s\l4 ,& ?is idea is consonant ) ! m y\?ful nature ( ! ,we/1 to ^: p "o bir?1 foll[$ by a life ( en]gy1 furni%es an entrance into et]nal joy beyond4 ,x is equally important t we take note ( t :i* is connot$ by ! f9al consummation (f]$ by ea* ( ^! two fai?s to _! foll[]s4 ,to ! ,*ri/ian !re is a consci\s1 bless$ life beyond dea?--a sep>ate1 p]sonal exi/5ce :i* w la/ ?r\gh\t et]nity 9 ! sun%9e ( ! ,heav5ly ,fa!r's pres5ce & 9 ! ineffable joy & glory ( ,8 fell[%ip4 ,x is ! idealiz$ life built ^u ! f\ndation ( :at is be/ & mo/ /irr+ & beautiful "h ^u e>?4 ,x is life1 9 all t ?is bless$ ^w signifies ( sweet contemplation1 ( blissful activity1 ( imp]i%able love1 & ( unspeakable joy4 ,all ! mo/ beautiful & entic+ imag]y ( e>? has be5 us$ to portray1 or r to sugge/1 ! et]nal life ( ! ,*ri/ian religion4 ,b :at is ! picture :i* ,h9duism has drawn ( ! f9ality ( life to its foll[]s8 ,aft] ! we>y fugue ( bir?s & rebir?s1 ) its int]ludes ( _m heav5s & hells1 ! self passes on into f9al union ) ! ,div9e ,s\l4 ,x loses all consci\sness & self-k2 e ve/ige ( p]sonality & all t ?is implies is swept away2 x is incapacitat$ = e emotion ( joy & = e act ( s]vice4 ,!re is no?+ t we associate ) life at its be/ & sweete/ :i* does n f9d "h negation4 ,x is a calm blank1 a re/1 inde$1 b f e /ruggle ( ?\ght1 w1 & emotion4 ,?is is ! consummation :i* ,india has = _m c5turies held al(t z an attraction to its we>y pilgrims4 ,"h1 aga91 we obs]ve h[ appropriate to ! end 9 view is ! supreme difficulty ( ! way4 ,if ! highe/ /ruggle ( ! s\l 9 ?is _w is aga9/ exi/5ce & its human actions & conditions1 x is to be expect$ t a complete riddance ( life & ( all its accompanim5ts w be ! summum bonum ( ! f9al consummation4 ,& if ?is /ruggle = emancipation is to cont9ue ?r\gh numb]less bir?s & e>?ly exi/5ces1 x is natural t ! covet$ end %\ld br+ a loss ( all t life connotes 9 highe/ s5tim5t z well z base/ passion4 ,i ne$ n dwell ^u ! contra/ betwe5 ?is & ! anticipations ent]ta9$ by e humble ,*ri/ian4 ,?is :ole es*atological sy/em ( ,h9duism corresponds1 z we h se51 to ! tea*+ ( t fai? 9 ref]5ce to ,god1 man1 & e>?ly life & conditions4 ,& ! ,*ri/ian prea*]'s or tea*]'s vivid portrayal ( ! ,*ri/ian's heav5 too (t5 d5otes to ! ,h9du only "o ( ! _m purgatorial heav5s ( 8 religion1 & r>ely sugge/s to him ! supreme te/ ( ! value ( our fai? z contra/$ ) 8 own4 ,! glories ( our heav5 d n appeal to ! /olid1 we>y1 transmigration-ridd5 s\l ( ! ,h9du z !y d to ! y\?ful1 hopeful1 buoyant s\l ( ! ,*ri/ian4 ,& ?is is a fact :i* ! mission>y w\ld d well to keep 9 m9d at all times4 ,i might cont9ue ! li/ ( ! incompatibilities ( ,h9du & ,*ri/ian ideals4 ,b ,i h gone f> en\gh to %[1 ,i tru/1 t ! two fai?s are at _m po9ts antipodal1 & t _! ideals cla% 9 matt]s fundam5tal & crucial4 ,fur!r1 ,i wi% to repeat t ,i d n ma9ta9 t ,*ri/ian ideals are always1 or ev5 ev]1 repres5t$ 9 _! fulness1 or ) ! "r emphasis1 by u ( ! ,we/4 ,h9duism is an e?nic fai?1 & x mu/ be weigh$ & valu$ by ! ideals :i* ! p ( ?is l& h imbib$ f x & inv>iably connect ) x4 ,*ri/ianity is a _w fai?1 & no "o nation or cont95t c be a full exempl>1 or an all-wise int]pret]1 ( its life & ideals4 ,h5ce ,i claim t "o ( ! consid]ations :i* dem& close/ att5tion f a we/]n tea*]1 z he imp>ts 8 fai? to ! p ( ,india1 is t ( ! *oice & emphasis ( ideals :i* he %all pres5t to !m4 ,let him nei!r assume1 on ! "o h&1 t ,h9du ideals are un*ri/ian1 nor1 on ! o!r1 t our we/]n ideals1 bo? 9 _! emphasis & exclusiv5ess1 are ! all-9-all ( ,*ri/ian tru? & life4 ,*ri/ianity 9 ! ,ea/1 :5 x becomes ?or\ghly indig5\s1 w reveal & glorify a diff]5t type ( life f t ( ! ,we/4 ,x w be less aggressive & ass]tive1 b m contemplative & m deeply pi\s & o!r-worldly ?an any?+ we h be5 wont to see 9 ! ,we/4 ,! day has come :5 mission>ies mu/ /udy ) m s]i\sness ! religion ( ,india1 t !y may und]/& its true inw>dness & discov] its s\rces ( p[]4 ,above all1 !y mu/ be conv]sant ) its highe/ ideals & und]/& ! relation%ip ( ! same to ^? ( _! own fai?4 ,& !y mu/ n =get t !y mu/ approa* ?is /udy ) g5u9e sympa?y & appreciation1 9 ord] to f9d ! be/ 9 ,h9duism1 z well z to be =tifi$ aga9/ its wor/ features4 ,nev] be=e did ! educat$ m5 ( ?is l& /& up ) m det]m9ation = _! old ideals1 & ?is is a matt] ( s]i\s conc]n to our cause4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ! mo/ enc\rag+ fact 9 ! realm ( ,*ri/ian "w 9 ,india at ! pres5t "t is t ( ! m>vell\s place :i* our ,"l has f\nd among ! p ( ! l&1 especially ! educat$1 z ! ideal ( life4 ,!y w h none ( ,him z a ,savi\r1 & ,8 dea? has no significance to !m4 ,b ,8 bless$ life has become ! inspiration & ! ideal ( life to ! cultur$ classes ( ,india1 9 a way :i* is trans=m+ _! e?ical conceptions & :i* l>gely eclipses all o!r life-influ5ces among !m4 ,h]e9 lies our hope & assurance = ,india4 ,b :at !y crave1 & :at !y say !y mu/ h1 is an ,ori5tal ,*ri/1 a ,*ri/ :o is n pres5t$ 9 a we/]n g>b ( life & ?\ght4 ,h]e9 d we le>n a mo/ important lesson = our life-"w1 z ,*ri/ian mission>ies 9 ?is l& ( ! ,ea/4 ,,*apt] ,,ix ,,! ,,home ,,life ,,( ,,h9dus ,! home life ( a p is "o ( ! mo/ decisive te/s ( its "* & its /ate ( civilization4 ,9 ?is *apt] ,i %all attempt only to describe ! home life ( ,h9dus4 ,& ev5 )9 ?is limitation ,i c only ref] to ! g5]al *>act]i/ics :i* obta9 among ne>ly all ,h9dus1 & %all pass by ! details1 :i* diff] s l>gely 9 diff]5t p>ts ( ! c\ntry & among diff]5t ca/es4 ,x is 9 ! home t ! natural religi\s b5t ( ! ,h9du f9ds its full scope & mo/ t\*+ manife/ations4 ,g5]ally speak+1 "o may say t ! h\se ( a ,h9du is 8 sanctu>y1 :]e ! tutel> god has its ni*e or %r9e to :i* daily wor%ip is r5d]$4 ,!re is h>dly any ev5t connect$ ) home life :i* is n religi\sly view$ & made ! occasion ( def9ite family wor%ip4 ,( ! sixte5 ev5ts 9 ! life ( a man1 f bir? to dea?1 !re is n "o :i* is n view$ f a religi\s aspect1 & is n accompani$ by an elaborate ritual4 ,!re is h>dly a respectable ,h9du h\sehold 9 :i* !re is n a %r9e conta9+ an idol ( /one or ( "s metal :i* corresponds 9 value to ! measure ( ! family's weal?4 ,e morn+ & ev5+ x is wor%ipp$ by ! h]$it>y purohit1 or prie/1 :o visits ! h\se = ! purpose twice a day1 & :o1 z ! "n implies1 is ! fir/ 9 all c]emonies1 second to none b ! ,guru1 or spiritual guide4 ,! (f]+s ( rice1 fruits1 sweetmeats1 & milk1 made to ! god1 he c>ries home aft] ! close ( ! s]vice4 ,a con* is bl[n1 a bell is rung1 & a gong beat5 at ! "t ( wor%ip1 :5 ! religi\sly dispos$ portion ( ! inmates1 male & female1 9 a quasi-p5it5t attitude1 make _! obeisance to ! god & receive 9 return ! holl[ b5$iction ( ! prie/4#e ,footnote #e3 ,f ,h9dus z ,!y ,are4 ,ev5 ! build+ ( ! h\se is a matt] :i* mu/ be done accord+ to ! rules ( fai?4 ,! selection ( a site1 ! correct ori5tation ( ! build+1 ! numb] & location ( ! rooms1 ! prop] mat]ial = ! /ructure1--all ( ^! mu/ be det]m9$ by ! ,va/u ,sa/ri1 or ! ar*itects1 :o d _! bus9ess n s mu* on sci5tific l9es z ^u religi\s4 ,!y h _! ,%a/ras1 or books ( in/ruction1 9 ar*itecture1 ^: basis is l>gely a consid]ation ( ! suppos$ s5tim5ts ( ! gods & a prop] h>moniz+ 9 ! build+ ( v>i\s religi\s conceits1 crude sup]/itions1 & immemorial cu/oms4 ,ev5 ! day & h\r ( ent]+ & d$icat+ ! h\se mu/ be fix$ by rules ( fai?1 :i* are z exact+ z !y are multitud9\s4 ,to ent] & consecrate a h\se at ! wrong a/rological mom5t w\ld br+ 9 its tra9 a numb] ( dome/ic disa/]s4 ,! h\se may be any?+1 f a mo/ primitive hut to a _m-aisl$ palace2 b 9 e case ! a/rolog] mu/ be consult$ z to ! "t2 ! spiritual ar*itect mu/ give 8 rules z to ! /ructure2 & ! family prie/ mu/ make ! h\se habitable by an elaborate c]emonial & (f]+s to ! god or gods ( ! family4 ,x is only aft] all ^! h be5 accompli%$ t a h\sehold] may1 ) a clean consci5ce1 ent] 8 new home & expect a bless+ ^u 8 family !re94 ,to a /rang] :o passes ?r\gh ! /reets ( a t[n or village x may seem /range t no two adjo9+ h\ses h exactly ! same ori5tation4 ,he may ?9k x an evid5ce ( c>elessness1 or a want ( ta/e4 ,b to ! ,h9du x is ! result ( pi\s con=mity to ! rules ( 8 fai?4 ,to a non-,h9du x may seem peculi> t ,h9dus g5]ally ent] _! new homes 9 ! fir/ half ( ! ye>4 ,b to ! ,h9du x is ! only half :5 ! gods are awake2 x w\ld be unpropiti\s & almo/ sacrilegi\s to d$icate a h\se 9 t "p ( ! ye> :5 ! gods are suppos$ to be asleep6 ,! ,h9du home w\ld n be1 to a we/]n]1 ei!r pleasant or conv5i5t4 ,x looks d+y & d>k1 doors are small & massive1 w9d[s are few & g5]ally clos$4 ,?is is p>tly because !y are int5d$ to keep out ! tropical gl>e1 & p>tly because ! p seem av]se to occupy+ an airy room4 ,a we/]n] w\ld suffocate 9 a room 9 :i* ,h9dus w\ld delight to sp5d a night4 ,x has always be5 a wond] to ! writ] t !y ?rive on s little fre% air 9 _! homes4 ,h9dus1 9 ! ma91 c>e v little = elaborate h\sehold furniture4 ,ev5 9 homes ( weal?1 articles ( h\sehold furniture are few & are *os5 m]ely = utility's sake1 save 9 homes :]e we/]n ideas are f9d+ _! way & a gr[+ desire to ape we/]n mann]s takes possession ( a family4 ,"s ye>s ago1 a weal?y ,h9du g5tleman welcom$ ! writ] into 8 f9e new ?ree-/ori$ bungal[1 ^: front door 0 elaborately c>v$ & _h co/ ,rs4 #bjjj4 ,x 0 furni%$ ) fanta/ic articles ( ,european furniture4 ,me*anical toys & speak+ dolls _h places ( prom95ce2 & among ! pictures :i* adorn$ ! walls ! place ( hon\r 0 giv5 to a fram$ tailor's patt]n-plate6 ,a full-siz$ pa9t+ ( ! late ,briti% que5 0 specially hon\r$ by be+ kept 9 a d>k closet6 ,! family did n live 9 ?is h\se1 b occupi$ a com=table "o-/ori$ build+ 9 ! back y>d4 ,x 0 adequate to _! ne$s & 9 h>mony ) _! ta/es4 ,h9dus g5]ally sleep on ! floor4 ,!y spread a mat "u !m1 & ?is suffices = ! ord9>y man4 ,_m add to ?is a dirty pill[1 :i* is a m>k ( extravagance & an evid5ce ( deg5]acy4 ,! m5 ( ! h\se may sleep any:]e )91 or 9 ! v]&ah )\t1 accord+ to ! season ( ! ye>4 ,rec5tly1 we/]n ideas h encroa*$ ^u ?is primitive1 sanit>y cu/om1 & cots are f9d+ an ev] increas+ place 9 ! h\sehold economy4 ,! ,h9du family sy/em is widely diff]5t f t ( ! ,we/4 ,among !m ! ,jo9t ,family ,sy/em prevails univ]sally4 ,x is built on ! old patri>*al idea1 accord+ to :i* ?ree g5]ations g5]ally live "u ! same ro( & enjoy a community ( life & ( int]e/4 ,:5 a man & wife h re>$ a family1 ! sons br+ to ! pat]nal home _! wives & live toge!r & raise _! families 9 ! common home ( _! fa!r4 ,! supreme au?ority1 9 ! direction ( all _! affairs1 re/s ) ! fa!r4 ,& ! "m g5]ally takes *>ge ( ! h\sehold commiss>iat4 ,! :ole income ( all ! memb]s ( ! family is br\ght into ! common treasury1 out ( :i* all exp5ses are met4 ,!re is no individual prop]ty1 & no rights & privileges :i* any "o c claim ap>t f ano!r's 9 t home4 ,9 l>ge ,h9du families !re is (t5 f\nd a small colony ?us liv+ toge!r & dep5d5t = guidance & in/ruction ^u ! fa!r4 ,?is sy/em entails a great deal ( responsibility ^u ! head1 ^: au?ority is supreme4 ,& s loyal is e ,h9du to pat]nal au?ority t !re is nev] any "q rais$ by any "o z to ob$i5ce to 8 comm&s4 ,?is sy/em has its advantages4 ,9 e>ly times1 x br\ght /r5g? & security to h\seholds ?us consolidat$4 ,x is d\btless fav\rable to g5]al economy4 ,& x has ! peculi> m]it ( develop+ a /rong s5se ( responsibility 9 ! :ole family = its e memb]1 h[ev] incapacitat$ %e or he may be = self-support4 ,! weak & ! sick & ! feeble-m9d$ h ! same claim ^u ! res\rces ( ! family z h ! o!rs1 & ! claim is univ]sally recogniz$4 ,= ?is reason1 poor-h\ses are n ne$$ 9 ,india4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ,h9dus !mselves are com+ to reg>d ?is sy/em z be+ out ( jo9t ) mod]n life1 "u ! aegis ( a progressive1 civiliz$ gov]nm5t4 ,"o ( its *ief defects is its enc\ragem5t ( laz9ess 9 memb]s ( families4 ,no "o feels t he is responsible = 8 own ma9t5ance4 ,& no matt] h[ indu/ri\s a memb] may be1 ! product ( 8 lab\r is n 8 own--x belongs to ! family4 ,su* a sy/em saps ! f\ndation ( indu/ry & ent]prise4 ,x furni%es con/ant temptation to slo?fulness & inactivity4 ,9 =m] times1 ?is may n h be5 s manife/2 b at pres5t1 :5 opportunities op5 wide _! invit+ doors1 & means ( accumulat+ weal? & influ5ce multiply1 ! sy/em has become a s\rce ( discont5t & ( s]i\s difficulty 9 ! community4 ,a few ye>s ago ! educat$ ,h9dus ( ,s\? ,india 7 s ex]cis$ ov] ! inju/ice ( ! situation t !y urg$ ^u ! ,madras ,legislature a new act1 call$ ! ,ga9s ,le>n+ ,bill1 :]eby e man might claim ! f9ancial results ( 8 own lab\rs & accumulate weal? ap>t f ! prop]ty ( ! family4 ,! matt] 0 fully argu$ 9 ! ,legislature1 & ! inju/ice ( ! ,jo9t ,family ,sy/em 0 s cle>ly reveal$ 9 ?is matt]1 t ! bill 0 c>ri$ ?r\gh4 ,!reupon1 or?odox ,h9dus rais$ su* a /orm ( opposition to ! bill & decri$ x s vehem5tly1 z a subv]sion ( _! fai? & an ov]?r[ ( _! mo/ anci5t & *]i%$ in/itution1 t ! gov]nor nev] sign$ ! bill2 & x has !re=e nev] become law4 ,nev]!less1 ! agitation aga9/ ! sy/em is increas+1 & ! incongruity ( ! ,jo9t ,family ,sy/em ) mod]n social conditions is becom+ s m>k$ t ! day ( its ov]?r[ is approa*+4 ,a well-kn[n ,h9du writ] describes ! inju/ice ( ?is sy/em z foll[s3 ,z "o ( ! usual consequ5ces ( a patri>*al sy/em1 a respectable ,h9du is (t5 oblig$ to support a numb] ( hang]s-on1 m or less relat$ to him by k9%ip4 ,a bro!r1 an uncle1 a nephew1 a bro!r-9-law1 etc41 ) _! families1 are n infrequ5tly plac$ 9 ?is dep5d5t position1 not)/&+ ! trite apo!gm1 :i* says1 'x is bett] to be dep5d5t on ano!r = food ?an to live 9 8 h\se4' ,moreov]1 ?is sy/em fo/]s family diss5sion4 ,x requires an ideal family1 "u ! /rong guidance ( an ideal head1 to live 9 peace & h>mony "u ?is sy/em4 ,! writ] above quot$1 himself a ,h9du :o _h long liv$ "u ! sy/em1 express$ himself /rongly ^u ! subject3 ,! mill5nium is n yet come4 ,sev5 bro!rs liv+ toge!r ) _! wives & *ildr51 "u "o & ! same pat]nal ro(1 _c reasonably be expect$ to abide 9 a /ate ( p]fect h>mony1 s long z selfi%ness & incongru\s ta/es & int]e/s are cont9ually work+ to sap ! v f\ndation ( fri5dl9ess & good-fell[%ip4 ,union is /r5g?1 b h>moni\s union1 "u ! peculi> regime indicat$ above1 is already a rem>kable exception 9 ! pres5t /ate ( ,h9du society4 ,on c>eful inquiry x w be f\nd t wom5 are at ! bottom ( t mis*iev\s discord :i* eats into ! v vitals ( dome/ic felicity4 ,sep>ation1 !re=e1 is ! only means t promises to af=d relief f ?is social incubus2 & to sep>ation _m families h n[ resort$1 mu* aft] ! fa%ion ( ! dom9ant race1 ) a view to ! un9t]rupt$ enjoym5t ( dome/ic happ9ess4 ,outside ( ! family itself1 p]haps ! two mo/ important function>ies are ! family prie/ & ! a/rolog]4 ,& ( ^! two ! latt] is d\btless ! m influ5tial4 ,x is well kn[n1 z ,i h writt5 on ano!r page1 t ,h9dus are n only firm believ]s 9 a/rology1 b also ! abject slaves ( ?is sci5ce1 falsely s-call$1 9 all ! affairs ( life4 ,x is wond]ful h[ _m ev5ts 9 ! life ( a family come )9 ! realm ( a/rological guidance & control4 ,f bir? to dea?1 mo/ ( ! important transactions ( life are controll$ by a/rological consid]ations4 ,& ) ! a/rolog] we naturally jo9 ! soo?-say]1 :o is frequ5tly 9 dem& to pron\nce 8 incantations & utt] 8 mantras1 to remove all k9ds ( maladies & mis=tune t may ov]take memb]s ( ! family4 ,x is impossible = a ,we/]n] to realize h[ mu* ( ! life ( ! ,h9du1 9 ! home & 9 society1 is circumscrib$ by sup]/itions & direct$ by om5s only4 ,9 ! case ( a man sett+ out ^u a j\rney =ty-?ree diff]5t ?+s may happ5 :i* progno/icate good1 & ?irty-f\r :i* =ebode evil4 ,9 h\sehold matt]s1 ! eye ( ! ,h9du man1 & v specially ( ! ,h9du woman1 is ev] op5 to any "o ( a ?\s& indications t may reveal ! w ( ! god or ! demon z to conduct on ! occasion4 ,! position ( wom5 9 ! ,h9du home is fundam5tal1 & mu* misund]/ood by ! p ( ! ,we/4 ,x is sadly true t woman 9 ,h9duism has suff]$1 ?r\gh\t ! c5turies1 gross inju/ice1 & has lab\r$ "u a ?\s& disabilities4 ,b x does n foll[ f ?is1 z ^? n famili> ) ,h9du lives are too apt to conclude1 t woman is !re=e a non5tity & a m]e helpless drudge 9 ! family4 ,x is true t ! great lawgiv]1 ,manu1 said1 ,no sacrifice is all[$ to wom5 ap>t f _! husb&s1 no religi\s rite1 no fa/+2 z f> only z a wife hon\rs h] "l1 s f> is %e exalt$ to heav54 ,9 accordance ) ?is1 ,h9duism has always consi/5tly ma9ta9$ t woman's well-be+ is entirely d]iv$ f h] relation%ip to man4 ,h] salvation is to be acquir$ ?r\gh him4 ,h] glory ^u e>? & h] bliss 9 heav5 & f9al emancipation dep5d ^u h] attitude to him1 specially h] ob$i5ce & devotion4 ,x is also true1 t 9 no /age ( h] exi/5ce c %e be reg>d$ z indep5d5t4 ,%e is dep5d5t ^u h] fa!r 9 *ildhood1 ! slave ( h] husb& s long z he lives1 & subject to h] son dur+ ! days ( h] wid[hood4 ,h9duism leaves h] no opportunity1 9 ?is human exi/5ce1 = lib]ty & indep5d5ce4 ,h9du ideas ( womanhood h always be5 l[ & unwor?y4 ,r ?an be+ consid]$ a help-mate to man1 %e has ev] be5 reg>d$ z 8 tempt] & s$uc]4 ,! prov]bs ( ,india are full ( ^! base ins9uations conc]n+ womanhood4 ,:at is ! *ief gate to hell8 ,woman4 ,?is is only "o ( a ho/ ( common say+s :i* br& ! womanhood ( ,india ) %ame4 ,x is = ?is same reason t woman has always be5 held unwor?y ( education4 ,to educate a woman is comp>$ to plac+ a knife 9 ! h&s ( a monkey4 ,! ignorance ( ! wom5 ( ,india to-day is n a matt] ( c>eless neglect1 b r ( /udi$ purpose to d5y to !m t :i* might *ange _! relation%ip ( subjection to man4 ,"o might suppose t 9 matt]s ( religion1 :i* is ! peculi> consolation ( ! woman ( ,india1 a wide door ( opportunity might be giv5 to h]4 ,b "h aga9 ,manu says1 ,woman has no bus9ess ) ! texts ( ! ,v$as2 ?us is ! law fully settl$4 ,hav+ !re=e no evid5ce ( law1 & no k ( expiatory texts1 s9ful woman mu/ be z f\l z falsehood itself2 & ?is is a fix$ rule4 ,!re are texts :i* comm& k9dness & respect to womanhood4 ,b ! above quotations repres5t ! t5or ( ,h9du lit]ature4 ,all ( ^! repres5t ! attitude ( man t[>d woman 9 ! home4 ,9 society1 %e has _h no recogniz$ place :atev]1 until ! pres5t1 :51 "u ! influ5ce ( we/]n civilization1 %e is beg9n+ to f9d a v limit$ scope = h] legitimate activities4 ,nev]!less1 9 ! seclusion ( h] own home1 & inh]it+ ! burd5 ( ?is deep reproa* heap$ ^u h] f "t immemorial by m51 woman has creat$ = h]self a place ( p[] 9 ! ,h9du home4 ,)9 ?is sanctu>y %e has erect$ h] ?rone & reigns a que54 ,has man kept h] 9 ignorance8 ,%e w !re=e apply h]self ! m assidu\sly to works ( fai? & piety4 ,has he heap$ ^u h] abuse & call$ h] donkey & buffalo8 ,%e has repaid ! insult by a lov+ devotion to h] "l1 su* z has conqu]$ 8 pride4 ,:e!r x be z wife or "m1 ! wom5 ( no o!r l& wield great] p[] ?an ! mu*-abus$ wom5 ( ,india4 ,!re is no woman on e>? :o reveals1 at ?is pres5t "t1 m devotion & atta*m5t to h] husb& ?an does ! ,h9du wife4 ,! old sy/em ( ,sati1 :]eby a woman immolat$ h]self on ! fun]al pyre ( h] dead husb&1 :at 0 x8 ,x 01 inde$1 a cu/om in/itut$ by man1 en=c$ by religi\s rew>ds & p5alties1 ) a view to reveal ! woman z ! abject subject ( h] husb&4 ,& yet %e glorifi$ t cu/om & (t5 transmut$ x into ! mo/ sublime exhibition ( wifely devotion4 ,he> ! description ( a ,sati1 giv5 by a ,h9du1 ! subject ( :i* 0 8 own aunt4 ,my aunt1 writes he1 0 dress$ 9 a r$ silk s>i1 ) all ! ornam5ts on h] p]son2 h] =ehead daub$ ) a v ?ick coat ( s9dur1 or v]milion2 h] feet pa9t$ r$ ) alta2 %e 0 *ew+ a m\?ful ( betel2 & a bright lamp 0 burn+ be=e h]4 ,%e 0 evid5tly wrapp$ 9 an ec/asy ( devotion1 e>ne/ 9 all %e did1 q calm & compos$ z if no?+ important 0 to happ54 ,9 %ort1 %e 0 !n at h] mat9s1 anxi\sly await+ ! h\r :5 ?is mortal coil %\ld be put (f4 ,my uncle 0 ly+ a corpse 9 ! adjo9+ room4 ,x appe>$ to me t all ! wom5 assembl$ 7 admir+ ! virtue & =titude ( my aunt4 ,"s 7 lick+ ! betel out ( h] m\?1 "s t\*+ h] =ehead1 9 ord] to h a little ( ! s9dur1 or v]milion2 :ile n a few1 fall+ be=e h] feet1 express$ a fond hope t !y might possess a small p>ticle ( h] virtue4444 ,9 tru?1 %e 0 evid5tly long+ = ! h\r :5 h] _s & t ( h] husb& %\ld meet toge!r & dwell 9 heav54 ,%e _h a tulsi mala 7/r+ ( basil beads7 9 h] "r h&1 :i* %e 0 tell+1 & %e seem$ to enjoy ! %\ts ( ',h>i1 ,h>i-bole1' ) p]fect s]5ity ( m9d4 ,we rea*$ ,nimtalla ,ghat ab\t twelve2 aft] /ay+ !re = ab\t t5 to fifte5 m9utes1 spr9kl+ ! holy wat] on ! dead body1 all proce$$ sl[ly to ! ,kultalla ,ghat1 ab\t ?ree miles nor? ( ,nimtalla4 ,! dead body1 wrapp$ 9 new clo!s1 be+ plac$ on ! pyre1 my aunt 0 desir$ to walk sev5 times r\nd x1 :i* %e did :ile /rew+ fl[]s1 c[ries 7%ells71 & p>*$ rice on ! gr\nd4 ,x /ruck me at ! "t t1 at e successive circumambulation1 h] /r5g? & pres5ce ( m9d fail$2 :]eupon ! ,d>ogah 7gov]nm5t repres5tative7 /epp$ =w>d once m & endeav\r$1 ev5 at ! la/ mom5t1 to det] h] f h] fatal det]m9ation4 ,b %e1 at ! v ?re%old ( gha/ly dea?1 9 ! la/ h\r ( expir+ life1 ! fatal tor* ( ,yama 7,pluto7 be=e h]1 calmly asc5d$ ! fun]al pile &1 ly+ d[n by ! side ( h] husb& ) "o h& "u 8 head1 & ano!r on 8 brea/1 0 he>d to call 9 a half-suppress$ voice1 ',h>i1 ,h>i1'--a sign ( h] firm belief 9 ! reality ( et]nal beatitude4 ,:5 %e _h ?us laid h]self on ! fun]al pyre1 %e 0 in/antly cov]$1 or r *ok$1 ) dri$ wood1 :ile "s /\t m5 ) bamboos held & press$ d[n ! pyre1 :i* 0 by ?is "t burn+ fi]cely on all sides4 ,a great %\t ( exultation !n arose f ! surr\nd+ spectators1 till bo? ! dead & liv+ bodies 7 conv]t$ into a h&ful ( du/ & a%es4#f ,footnote #f3 ,h9dus z ,!y ,are4 ,! cu/om ( ,sati has be5 outlaw$2 b ! _s ( ,sati /ill dom9ates ! womanly he>t ( ! ,h9du wife4 ,x is ?is beautiful bl5d+ ( piety & wifely devotion :i* has be5 ! song ( ,h9du poets1 & ! admiration ( ! ,h9du community1 f "t immemorial4 ,x is true t a wife d>e n utt] ! "n ( h] husb&4 ,! "n ( ! husb& ( a ,h9du woman 0 ,fai?4 ,:5 %e came to read ! ,bible1 %e skipp$ ?is ^w e "t x occurr$ 9 h] read+4 ,:y %\ld %e demean h] "l by pron\nc+ publicly 8 sacr$ "n8 ,& yet1 :5 x comes to matt]s ( religion1 h] /]n piety & h] religi\s devotion 9 ! home are ! mo/ pot5t factor ( ! h\sehold2 & husb& & fa!r w b[ to h] supremacy 9 ?is realm4 ,all public life & social functions h be5 proscrib$ to h]2 !re=e1 does %e see to x t 9 h] n>r[ home sph]e1 bo? religi\sly & 9 ! tra9+ ( h] *ildr51 h] influ5ce %all be supreme4 ,& x is4 ,x is "h t ! progress ( ,*ri/ianity is mu* imp$$ 9 ,india4 ,a man is (t5 f\nd ready to *ange 8 fai?1 & to abide ! consequ5ce ( ! same4 ,x is mu* m difficult = a woman to transf] h] affection4 ,b ! conv]sion ( ! husb& w n abide 9 p]man5ce s long z ! wife p]si/s 9 h] devotion to ! ance/ral fai?4 ,! writ] has (t5 se5 illu/rations ( ?is supremacy ( ! influ5ce ( ! woman4 ,b x is n always s4 ,9 #ahbc1 a ,brahman *ild 0 born 9 ,calcutta4 ,:5 six ye>s old1 he light$1 by tor*1 ! fun]al pyre ( 8 dead fa!r & liv+ "m4 ,:5 he atta9$ manhood & _h receiv$ a ,univ]sity education1 he became a ,*ri/ian4 ,he 0 !n n only r5\nc$ by 8 family1 b 8 "y wife also spurn$ & d5i$ him4 ,9 accordance ) h] fai?1 %e reg>d$ & treat$ him z dead1 p]=m$ 8 fun]al rites1 &1 ) %av5 head1 unjewell$ body1 & ! wid['s :ite clo?1 m\rn$ 8 decease z if he _h actually di$4 ,= ,*ri/'s sake he _h be5 an outca/ f 8 p & 0 twice dead to 8 belov$4 ,?is exp]i5ce has be5 repeat$ a ?\s& times 9 ,india 9 ! case ( ,*ri/ian conv]ts4 ,b1 9 ?is p>ticul> in/ance1 !re 0 a rem>kable d5\em5t4 ,! "y man1 des]t$1 divorc$1 & c]emonially buri$ by 8 wife1 m>ri$ a ,*ri/ian woman1 ) :om he liv$ happily = _m ye>s4 ,b aft] h] dea? he return$ to 8 fir/ love & rem>ri$ ! wid[ ( 8 y\?1 :o1 9 ! mean:ile1 _h rel5t$ & become a ,*ri/ian4 ,?is 0 ! exp]i5ce ( ,pr(essor ,*uck]bu?y1 ( ! ,g5]al ,assembly ,college1 9 ,calcutta1 :o di$ 9 #aija4 ,m>riage among ,h9dus diff]s 9 _m respects f ! same compact among we/]n p4 ,x is 9 no in/ance dep5d5t ^u ! initiative ( ! contract+ p>ties1 if su* ! bride & ! bridegroom may be call$ 9 ,india4 ,nei!r ( !m is a direct p>ticipant 9 ! arrang+ ( ! contract4 ,x is all done by ! p>5ts or ! gu>dians ( ! boy & girl4 ,x is entirely a bus9ess1 & n a s5tim5tal1 affair4 ,no o!r sy/em w\ld be possible "u pa/ & pres5t conditions 9 ,india4 ,9 ! case ( infant m>riages1 ! *ildr5 conc]n$ h1 ( c\rse1 nei!r k (1 nor special int]e/ 91 ! matt]4 ,ev5 9 cases :]e ! future bride & bridegroom h atta9$ pub]ty1 no s5tim5t is ev] all[$ to ent]1 z a consid]ation1 into ! matt]4 ,! fir/ "q ask$ is :e!r ! p>ties belong to ! same ca/e & are connect$ by family ties4 ,if s1 ! m>riage may be a suitable "o4 ,x is /range t ! *ildr5 ( bro!rs & si/]s furni% ! mo/ suitable m>riage relation%ips4 ,b ! *ildr5 ( bro!rs1 or ^? ( si/]s1 furni% a prohibit$ relation%ip6 ,x is reg>d$ z improp] = a boy to m>ry ! daught] ( 8 "m's si/]1 or ( 8 fa!r's bro!r1 z x w\ld be to m>ry 8 own si/]4 ,! m>riage ( ^? remotely connect$ by blood is r>ely consid]$2 ! m>riage ( ^? n at all connect$ by blood relation%ip1 nev]4 ,! next matt] ( p>am\nt importance is a consid]ation ( ! horoscope ( ! p>ties4 ,7 ! boy & girl born "u a/rological conditions :i* h>monize2 or does h] horoscope s conflict ) 8 t _! dissonance w\ld br+ evil & mis]y to ! family8 ,9 ! latt] case1 a m>riage w be impossible1 ev5 ?\gh all o!r conditions are mo/ invit+4 ,!n foll[s ! "q ( d[ry2 & "h comes ! great /ruggle4 ,! girl's p>5ts h to furni%1 ) ! bride1 a consid]able d[ry1 ^: size is directly relat$ to ! afflu5ce ( ! boy's family1 or to 8 education & prospects 9 life4 ,! bick]+s :i* take place 9 ?is matt] are mo/ unseemly2 & ! m>riage compact is degrad$ into a sordid1 m]c5>y transaction4 ,fa!rs ( girls involve !mselves 9 debts :i* !y c nev] cle>1 9 ord] to m>ry _! d>l+s to sons ( high families ( good connection4 ,x is ?is difficulty ( m>ry+ daught]s1 save at an intol]able exp5se to ! family1 :i* l>gely acc\nts = ! univ]sal & ke5 disappo9tm5t ( ,h9du families :5 !y discov]1 at *ildbir?1 t a daught]1 & n a son1 has be5 born4 ,! contract hav+ be5 seal$ by def9ite religi\s c]emony1 ! *ildr5 wait until ! girl atta9s pub]ty1 :i* may take place at any "t1 f ! age ( t5 to f\rte54 ,!n ! rites ( consummation are p]=m$1 & !y live toge!r z man & wife4 ,until ! m>riage is consummat$1 x is ! height ( propriety t ! p>ties %all be ap>t & /rang]s to ea* o!r4 ,x is v (t5 ! case t !re is mu* disp>ity betwe5 ! age ( man & wife4 ,a m>ri$ woman is suppos$ to belong to h] "l = "t & et]nity4 ,a wid[ is !re=e ineligible = rem>riage1 ev5 ?\gh h] husb& may h di$ :5 %e 0 an infant4 ,! man1 on ! o!r h&1 may contract any numb] ( m>riages4 ,! rapidity & ! bus9esslike way ) :i* he proce$s to arrange new nuptials aft] ! dea? ( 8 wife seems appall+ to a ,we/]n]6 ,x matt]s n h[ _m wives he may h _h1 nor h[ old he has become1 none b ! v "y is eligible to become 8 sp\se4 ,! consequ5ce is t _m m5 ( matur$1 & ev5 ( old1 age are w$d$ to m]e girls4 ,?is is p>tly ow+ to ! fact t ! ,h9du has n yet realiz$ ! ne$1 or importance1 ( companion%ip betwe5 man & wife4 ,?is is v m>k$ among ! educat$ m5 ( ! ,h9du community4 ,n only by age1 b also by educational & o!r qualifications1 a wife is 9 no condition to be a sympa!tic companion to h] sp\se4 ,s t ! relation%ip has1 to !m1 little ( mutuality 9 x4 ,! lot ( ! ,h9du wid[ is1 prov]bially1 a h>d "o4 ,%e is despis$ & hat$1 ev5 ?\gh %e be b a *ild1 because h] husb&'s family p]si/ 9 believ+ t 8 dea? 0 caus$ by h] adv]se horoscope4 ,%e suff]s e obloquy 9 h] husb&'s home1 is depriv$ ( h] jewels1 has h] head %av51 & is clo!d only ) a co>se :ite clo?4 ,h] fa/+s are long & sev]e1 & %e is n all[$ to att5d any fe/ivity2 = ! pres5ce ( a wid[ w\ld be deem$ an evil om5 & a curse4 ,moreov]1 %e is ! object ( suspicion1 & is frequ5tly ! prey ( m5's passions4 ,x is a /range comm5t ^u ! religi\s p]v]sity ( a p ( ! t5d] dome/ic nature ( ,h9dus1 t !y %\ld deal ) s mu* cruelty & su* app>5t indiff]5ce to ! b]eavem5t & suff]+ ( ! un=tunate wid[ :o be>s s t5d] a relation%ip to !m4 ,religion has nev] wr\ght great] cruelty & inju/ice to any "o ?an to ! ,h9du wid[1 specially to ! *ild wid[4 ,&1 not)/&+ ! fact t ^! suff]+ ones are a great ho/ 9 ?is l&1 !re are few ( _! p :o raise _! voice 9 _! def5ce or /rive = _! relief4 ,! relation%ip ( son-9-law & "m-9-law is always a /ra9$ "o4 ,! wife's "m may live ) h] "u v decid$ limitations4 ,x is n p]mitt$ to h] to eat 9 ! pres5ce ( h] son-9-law1 or to ent] a room :]e he happ5s to be6 ,! situation is /ill worse betwe5 ! daught]-9-law & ! "m-9-law4 ,! v]nacul>s ( ,india ab\nd 9 prov]bs :i* illum9e ?is relation%ip & reveal its /range "*4 ,! husb&'s "m app>5tly delights 9 no?+ m ?an 9 ex]cis+ a cruel re/ra9t ov] h] son's wife4 ,no?+ t ! "y woman c d w please h]4 ,& ! husb& too (t5 sides ) ! old] aga9/ ! y\ng] woman4 ,:51 h[ev]1 ! situation becomes intol]able to ! wife1 %e takes ,fr5* leave1 & goes home to h] p>5ts4 ,?is soon br+s h] husb& to t]ms2 & x is etiquette t he g & ask h] to return1 apologiz+ = ! tr\bles t %e has endur$4 ,& s ! situation is improv$1 = a :ile1 until ano!r visit to h] p>5ts becomes imp]ative4 ,x is natural en\gh t ! "m-9-law %\ld ?us deal h>%ly ) h] daught]-9-law2 = is x n h] rev5ge = ! simil> treatm5t :i* %e receiv$ _m ye>s ago z daught]-9-law8 ,! real attitude ( ! ,h9du t[>d 8 wife is d\btless m cordial ?an x appe>s to a ,we/]n]4 ,he seems to delight 9 reveal+ an indiff]5ce to h] feel+s & a contempt = h] position4 ,9 ! h\sehold1 %e is n p]mitt$ to eat ) him2 %e mu/ wait ^u 8 lord%ip & take ! leav+s ( 8 meal4 ,^u a j\rney1 x w\ld be gross impropriety = h] to walk by 8 side4 ,etiquette dem&s t %e walk beh9d him at a respectable di/ance (1 say1 t5 paces4 ,! love ( jewell]y is a m>k$ passion ) ! wom5 ( ,india4 ,millions ( money are exp5d$ e ye> 9 ! manufacture ( female adornm5ts4 ,& 9 ?is "w !re are m ?an f\r hundr$ ?\s& goldsmi?s con/antly employ$4 ,! weal? ( a family1 especially among ! middle classes1 is l>gely measur$ by ! am\nt ( jewell]y :i* ! wom5 ( ! h\sehold possess4 ,no "o w\ld grudge to ^! wom5 a c]ta9 am\nt ( ^! p]sonal ornam5ts2 b :5 x becomes a mad craze to conv]t all _! weal? into su* vanity1 & ?us to r5d] _! weal? entirely unremun]ative1 x becomes a s]i\s matt]4 ,! load+ d[n ( a woman or a girl ) preci\s /ones1 gold1 silv]1 or *eap] metal1 adds any?+ b attractiv5ess to ! p]son4 ,x gives !m a gross conception ( p]sonal attractiv5ess z well z a monet>y value to beauty1 :i* degrades ! ideals ( ! c\ntry4 ,:5 a woman's e>s & nose1 ! cr[n ( h] head1 h] neck1 arms1 h&s1 wai/1 ankles1 & toes are made to sp>kle ) ! weal? ( ! family1 & to be> d[n ! frail body ( ! pr\d victim1 !y cease entirely to set (f ! p]sonal beauty ( ! woman h]self1 & become r a c\nt] attraction2 & %e is admir$ n = :at %e is1 b = :at %e c>ries4 ,moreov]1 x is well kn[n t ^! wom5 are n satisfi$1 on public occasions1 to we> _! own jewels only2 !y borr[ also ^? ( _! neighb\rs & %9e ) a borr[$ light1 :i* reflects a great deal m _! vanity ?an _! beauty4 ,_m a "t has ! writ] se5 bright little ,brahman girls c>ry+ ^u _! p]son ! comb9$ glitt]+ weal? ( sev]al families ^u fe/ive occasions4 ,add to ?is aga9 ! fact t !re are ?\s&s ( wom5 & *ildr5 murd]$ 9 ,india e ye> = ! sake ( ^! p]sonal ornam5ts :i* !y flaunt be=e ! public1 & ) :i* !y tempt crim9als4 ,x is claim$ t high]-class ,h9dus are clean] 9 _! p]sonal habits ?an almo/ any o!r p on e>?4 ,?is is probably true1 s f> z a multiplicity ( ablutions c make !m4 ,! religi\s wa%+s ( ! ,brahman are s frequ5t z to make him l>gely immune to epidemics ( *ol]a & o!r fil? diseases4 ,& yet ! l[] classes ( ! p1 9 _! homes & else:]e1 h little to boa/ ( 9 ! l9e ( cleanl9ess4 ,!y all aspire to ! weekly oil-ba?1 :i* is d\btless a :olesome ?+ 9 ! heat ( ^! tropics1 :]e1 ?r\gh paucity ( clo?+1 ! sk9 is mu* expos$ to ! sun's rays4 ,b oil has well-kn[n attractive p[]s = du/1 fil?1 & v]m9 too6 ,x mu/ also be rememb]$ t ! ,h9du is giv5 mu* m to seek+ c]emonial ?an sanit>y cleanl9ess4 ,x matt]s n h[ fil?y ! wat] may be1 *emically2 if x be c]emonially clean1 he uses x freely4 ,if x be c]emonially pollut+1 x is es*ew$4 ,z "o sees a village community make all possible uses ( ! village pond1 he wond]s :y ! :ole village has n be5 swept away by disease4 ,!y are sav$ f _! folly1 d\btless1 by ! pi]c+1 cleans+ rays ( ! tropical sun4 ,h9du clo?+ is bo? beautiful & admirably suit$ to ! tropical climate4 ,! "o clo? ( ! ,h9du woman1 :i* %e s deftly w9ds ar\nd h] body1 & :i* is usually ( bright col\rs1 is p]haps ! mo/ exquisitely beautiful g>m5t worn by any p4 ,& ?is is altoge!r adequate to h] ne$s4 ,un=tunately1 we/]n habits are n[ com+ into vogue1 &1 9 ! case ( m5 & wom5 alike1 ! clo?+ ( ! ,we/ is p>tially supplant+ t ( ! ,ea/4 ,no?+ c\ld be m un=tunate1 f ! /&po9t ( heal?1 beauty1 & economy4 ,! cul9>y arrangem5ts & ! cuis9e ( ! ,h9du home are some:at elaborate4 ,well-to-d ,h9dus1 not)/&+ _m ca/e re/rictions1 are some:at epicurean 9 _! ta/es1 & live well4 ,z we h se5 9 ! *apt] on ,ca/e1 !re are _m limitations plac$ ^u ! selection ( food1 ! me?od ( its prep>ation1 & ( eat+4 ,meat is entirely bann$ by ! highe/ ca/es4 ,none w t\* ! meat ( ! bov9e k9d1 save ! outca/ ,p>iah4 ,all are v p>ticul> 9 seek+ seclusion = _! meals4 ,?is is p]haps ! reason :y ! ,h9du home is1 g5]ally speak+1 s mu* m seclud$ ?an t ( o!r p4 ,h9dus believe t f+]s 7 made be=e knives1 =ks1 & spoons4 ,consequ5tly !y eat _! food entirely ) _! f+]s4 ,x seems (f5sive en\gh to ,we/]n]s4 ,x has (t5 tak5 away ! writ]'s appetite z he has fea/$ ) !m1 to h ! cook dole out 8 rice to him ) 8 b>e h&s6 ,!y eat entirely ) _! "r h&1 & nev] t\* ! food ) ! left1 res]v+ t h& = bas] purposes4 ,9 weal?y families1 h\sehold duties are p]=m$ by _m s]vants4 ,x is amus+ to see h[ _m s]vants are requir$ 9 ,india to p]=m ! ord9>y functions ( "o able-bodi$ s]vant 9 ! ,we/4 ,! s]vices :i* a ,h9du w dem& f 8 m5ials are f> great] ?an ^? ( a heal?y ,we/]n]4 ,8 languid nature & g5]al effem9acy make him entirely dep5d5t ^u 8 s]vant = mo/ ( ! activities & am5ities ( life4 ,rec5tly ! writ] he>d a ,h9du companion 9 a railway c> call 8 s]vant at night f an adjo9+ c> to come & turn ! %ade ov] ! comp>tm5t lamp t he might h a nap6 ,a well-kn[n writ]1 9 describ+ ! life ( a ,babu1 says3 ,! ,khansama ( a ,babu is 8 mo/ fav\rite s]vant4 ,f ! nature ( 8 (fice he comes into close/ contact ) 8 ma/]2 he rubs 8 body ) oil be=e ba?+1 & sometimes %ampoos him1--a practice :i* gradually induces idle1 effem9ate habits & ev5tually greatly incapacitates a man = ! duties ( an active life4 ,inde$1 to /udy ! nature ( a 'big native swell' is to /udy ! "* ( a consummate ,ori5tal epicure1 imm]s$ 9 a ceaseless r\nd ( pleasures1 & h$g$ 9 by a body ( unconscionable fell[s1 di/+ui%$ only = _! flatt]y & s]vility4 ,dur+ times ( sickness1 ! native doctor is 9 requisition4 ,?is function>y is n )\t 8 m]its2 = x is a h]$it>y pr(ession1 & n a little m$ical wisdom & exp]i5ce h be5 transmitt$ f fa!r to son d[n ! c5turies4 ,nev]!less1 z comp>$ ) mod]n sci5ce1 ! ignorance ( ^! m5 is w(ul1 & ! unnecess>y loss ( life ?r\gh t ignorance is lam5table4 ,_! ph>macy is z defective z _m ( _! rem$ies are absurd & disgu/+4 ,! pres5t gov]nm5t1 by multiply+ its hospitals & disp5s>ies1 has done mu* to arre/ disease & remove suff]+4 ,& yet ! rem$ies d n rea* "o-t5? ( ! population4 ,& _m ( ! "o-t5? are s suspici\s ( we/]n sci5ce t 9 _! extremity !y w pass ! well-equipp$ gov]nm5t hospital & its diploma$ att5dants 9 ord] to consult ! native doctor & to p>take ( 8 concoctions4 ,"o ( ! reasons = ?is prejudice is ! l>g5ess ( ! dose :i* ! ,indian doctor inv>iably supplies4 ,h[ c ! dim9utive doses ( ! :ite man & 8 e/abli%m5t remove important difficulties & heal s]i\s diseases8 ,! writ] has kn[n n a few well-educat$ ,indian ,*ri/ians liv+ "u ! %ad[ ( a well-equipp$ mission>y hospital :i* furni%$ its m$ic9es free1 sneak away a few /reets beyond to consult ! man :o is a comp\nd ( a quack & an a/rolog]4 ,& yet1 d\btless1 ! new ph>macy ( ! ,we/ br+s heal+ 9 its w+s to millions ( ?is p annually2 & x is "o ( ! causes = ! rapid increase ( ! population4 ,at *ildbir?1 ! b>b]'s wife is always call$4 ,%e is ! midwife ( ,india1 & ! poor ,h9du wife :o is ab\t to become a "m is ! victim ( ! ignorance & /upidity ( ?is woman4 ,x is no wond] t s _m die 9 *ildbir? or survive only to become invalids ?r\gh ! rema9d] ( _! lives4 ,to remove ?is s]i\s evil1 gov]nm5t is putt+ =? /r5u\s ef=ts to br+ intellig5t relief to ! mo!rs ( ,india4 ,! entrance ( dea? into a ,h9du family br+s1 z else:]e1 inexpressible sorr[4 ,! wom5 ( ! family resign !mselves to _! grief1 :i* is express$ by l\d wail+s1 ) beat+ ( _! brea/ & te>+ _! di%evell$ hair4 ,:ile pr(essional wail]s are r>e1 nev]!less fri5ds & relatives congregate & add volume to ! dirge ( sorr[4 ,! lead+ wom5 m\rn]s w (t5 express 9 weird *ant & appropriate words _! praises ( ! virtues & ! beauties ( ! dep>t$ ones4 ,! m5 ( ! h\sehold m\rn 9 sil5ce1 z x is n fitt+ t ! man %\ld audibly express 8 sorr[ 9 public4 ,h9dus make imm$iate arrangem5ts = burn+ or burial z soon z dea? has occurr$2 s t1 usually1 ! fun]al s]vices are ov] )9 twelve or eighte5 h\rs aft] dea?4 ,?is is desirable1 because ( ! ,h9du cu/om ( fa/+ s long z a corpse rema9s 9 ! h\se2 & is also necess>y because ( ! spe$y decomposition ( ! body 9 ! tropics4 ,x is also made possible by ! fact t ,h9dus d n use c(f9s4 ,x is ! cu/om ( mo/ ( ! high]-ca/e ,h9dus to cremate _! dead2 :ile _m ( ! l[e/ ca/es & outca/s resort to burial4 ,cremation w\ld d\btless be ! m sanit>y me?od1 if ! fire 7 n s inadequate 9 _m in/ances4 ,! ,h9du burn+-gr\nd is a place ( gha/ly & disgu/+ int]e/4 ,fun]al c]emonies d n t]m9ate ) ! burn+ or ) ! burial ( ! body 9 ,h9duism4 ,! ritual connect$ ) ! dead1 :i* is call$ ,%radda1 is1 among ! high] classes1 a mo/ elaborate & complicat$ "o1 & la/s1 ) int]missions1 = a ye>4 ,^! are conduct$ ) mu* ef=t by1 & at great exp5se to1 ! olde/ son ( ! family4 ,& a great significance is atta*$ to _! rigid p]=mance4 ,x may be reg>d$ z a "p ( ! great ance/ral wor%ip ( ! ,ea/4 ,! function ( ?is c]emony is also k9dr$ to t ( ,roman ,ca?olicism1 :i*1 ?r\gh pray] & (f]+s1 seeks ! release ( s\ls f ,purgatory4 ,by ?is ritual1 :i* involves also gifts to ,brahmans & prie/s1 ! son makes m easy ! pa?way ( ! dep>t$ p>5t ?r\gh ! %ades into ! realms beyond1 & relieves ! dep>t$ s\l ( its encumbrances & facilitates its progress t[>d bliss4 ,by "s x is claim$ t ^! c]emonies1 :5 rightly p]=m$1 r5d] unnecess>y 8 suff]+ 9 hell or 8 return+ to ?is _w = rebir?4 ,x is m likely t ! purpose is to r$uce ! suff]+ & to enhance ! progress ( ! s\l betwe5 ?is bir? & ! next4 ,9 any case1 all or?odox ,h9dus reg>d ! ,%radda c]emonies z possess+ great virtue & high importance4 ,& ?is is "o ( ! pr9cipal reasons :y e ,h9du man & woman is s eag] = ! bir? ( a son 9 _! family4 ,)\t a son1 :o is !re to relieve _! s\l f de/ruction1 & to br+ to !m future peace & re/ ?r\gh ! ,%radda c]emony8 ,?us p>5ts ev] pray = male (fspr+2 & ! greate/ disappo9tm5t 9 ! life ( a ,h9du woman is n to be able to pres5t h] "l a son to solace him 9 ?is life & to assi/ him ?r\gh ! valley ( dea?4 ,"o ( ! que/ions ask$ by ! dutiful son1 z he p]=ms ?is labori\s ritual1 is1-- ,o my fa!r1 my gr&fa!r1 my great-gr&fa!r6 ,are y satisfi$8 ,are y satisfi$8 ,we are satisfi$4 ,if any son1 by ! dutiful p]=mance ( (f]+ & ritual "h ^u e>?1 c br+ help & peace to 8 dead ance/ors1 ! ,h9du son may be expect$ to succe$4 ,! foll[+1 tak5 f an anci5t ,sutra1 is reg>d$ z a ,h9du burial hymn3-- ,op5 ?y arms1 ,o e>?6 receive ! dead ,) g5tle pressure & ) lov+ welcome4 ,en%r\d him t5d]ly1 ev5 z a "m ,folds h] s(t ve/m5t r\nd ! *ild %e loves4 ,s\l ( ! dead1 dep>t6 take ?\ ! pa?-- ,! anci5t pa? by :i* our ance/ors ,h gone be=e !e2 ?\ %alt look ^u ,! two k+s1 mighty ,v>una & ,yama1 ,delight+ 9 oblations2 ?\ %alt meet ,! fa!rs & receive ! recomp5se ,( all ?y /or$-up (f]+s above4 ,leave ?\ ?y s9 & imp]fection "h2 ,return unto ?y home once m2 assume ,a glori\s =m4 ,,*apt] ,x ,,kali ,,yuga--,,india',s ,,pessimism#g ,_m nations1 dur+ ! p]iod ( _! infancy & ignorance1 h giv5 to ,"t & its divisions ! p[] & qualities ( life & h clo!d !m ) moral purpose & attributes4 ,*ronos 0 to ! ,greeks ( old ! god ( "t1 9 ^: h&s 7 ! de/9ies ( m54 ,ev5 up to ! pres5t day n a few ignorant p ( ,*ri/ian l&s are influ5c$1 to "s ext5t1 by an inh]it$ sup]/ition ab\t lucky & unlucky days4 ,b ,i "k ( no l& :i* is suff]+ m ?an ,india f traditional1 false1 & injuri\s conceptions ( *ronology4 ,"t is "h end[$ ) life & en?ron$ among ! gods4 ,sivan is ,maha-,kalan1 ! great inc>nation ( ,"t1 & ! mighty de/roy] ( all ?+s4 ,x is also said t ,"t is a =m ( ,vi%nu4 ,footnote #g3 ,?is *apt] is a modifi$ =m ( a lecture deliv]$ to ,h9dus4 ,we are told t we are liv+ 9 ,kali yuga1 & t we are subject to all ! evil :i* is ! p]man5t *>act]i/ic ( ?is iron age4 ,i believe t !re are few ?+s 9 ,india :i* s ?or\ghly influ5ce ! life1 habits1 & "* ( ! p z d _! _m conceptions ab\t *ronology4 ,& ,i am conv9c$ t incalculable good w\ld come to ! c\ntry if all ^! old & explod$ ideas 7 to give way to m rational ones--su* z are 9 h>mony ) mod]n intellig5ce & civilization4 ,consid]1 !n1 ! v>i\s aspects ( ! *ronology :i* all b univ]sally prevails 9 ,india 9 ord] t we may see :]e9 x t\*es ! life & m\lds ! ?\ght ( educat$ & un$ucat$ alike4 ,i ,! ,a/\nd+ ,l5g? ( ! ,*ronological ,sy/em ,9 anci5t ,v$ic times !re obta9$ "h1 s f> z we c see1 mu* m sob] views ( *ronology ?an at pres5t4 ,x 0 mu* lat] t ! imag9ation ( ,h9du writ]s took full w+ & c>ri$ ! p into ! all b inf9ite rea*es ( ,puranic *ronology4 ,"o mu/ wait = ! elaboration ( ,vi%nu ,purana1 = in/ance1 9 ord] to meet t app>5t sobriety ( ma!matical detail :i* is utiliz$ to add cr$ibility to ! mo/ fanta/ic "t sy/em t imag9ation ev] devis$4 ,*ri/ians ( ! ,we/ h d\btless err$ on ! side ( excessive brevity 9 _! !ories & beliefs ab\t ! beg9n+s ( hi/ory & especially 9 _! attempt to locate ! orig9 ( ! human race4 ,until rec5tly1 x 0 ?\ght t our human prog5itor1 ,adam1 0 creat$ no m ?an sixty c5turies ago1 & t ! :ole hi/ory ( mank9d is consequ5tly conf9$ to t brief space ( "t4 ,9 ! same way ! practical m9d ( ! ,we/ has pictur$ to itself ! t]m9ation ( human life & hi/ory ^u e>? at "s n v remote date 9 ! future4 ,sci5ce has already %[n ! error ( ! =m]1 z hi/ory is likely to demon/rate ! falsity ( ! latt] !ory4 ,b ,india has1 ) mu* great] d>+ & ) m ( unreason1 c>ri$ back _m billions ( ye>s ! orig9 ( mank9d & has pa9t$ vividly a future ^: expanse is z ! b\ndless sea4 ,we are n[1 x is said1 at ! close ( ! fir/ five ?\s& ye>s ( ,kali yuga4 ,& ?is same yuga1 or epo*1 has #dbg1jjj ye>s /ill 9 /ore = u & our desc5dants6 ,be=e x arriv$1 ! o!r ?ree yugas--,kri?a1 ,tre?a1 & ,dwap>a--_h pass$ on2 & ^!1 toge!r1 7 equal to m ?an t5 ?\s& div9e ye>s1 or to ne>ly f\r million human ye>s6 ,^! f\r epo*s equal a total ( #d1cbj1jjj human ye>s1 & ?is is call$ a maha-yuga4 ,?is 9 itself w\ld /agg] ! practical m9d ( ! ,we/4 ,b x is only ! v ?re%old ( ,h9du *ronology6 ,!re are sev5ty-"o ( ^! great epo*s 9 a ,manuvan?>a1 or ! p]iod ( "o ,manu1 or human prog5itor4 ,& !re are _m ( ^! ,manus ) _! p]iods4 ,= in/ance1 !re are f\rte5 ( !m requir$ 9 ord] to cov] ! "t call$ ,k>pa1 or "o day 9 ! life ( ,brahma4 ,& aft] ,brahma has sp5t 8 mode/ day ev]y?+ is de/roy$ & 8 god%ip sp5ds an equal p]iod 9 sleep & re/4 ,!n beg9s ano!r ,brahmaic day1 9 :i* a new succession ( ,manus sp5d1 ) _! prog5y1 _! int]m9able epo*s4 ,& ?us "o s]ies ( epo*s foll[s ano!r1 s&wi*$ 9 by equally long spaces ( lifeless d>kness4 ,& ?is goes on until ,brahma has complet$ 8 div9e life ( "o hundr$ ye>s2 & !n comes ! f9al dissolution4 ,hav+ gone on z f> z ?is1 !re is no reason :y ! imag9ation %\ld re/ at ?is po9t2 & s ,vi%nu ,purana1 :i*1 ( c\rse1 is compos$ 9 praise ( t god1 claims t "o day ( ,vi%nu is equal to ! :ole life ( ,brahma6 ,no "o c br+ )9 ! range ( 8 ?\ght or imag9ation "o ti! ( ! ye>s1 div9e or human1 :i* are includ$ 9 ?is m>vell\s *ronology4 ,a billion ye>s are b z a day to ! ,h9du m9d4 ,& if any "o is anxi\s to "k ! exact place at :i* we h arriv$ 9 ?is *ronological maze1 ! same ,purana in=ms u t we are five ?\s& ye>s advanc$ 9 ! ,kali yuga ( ,v>aha k>pa1 or ! fir/ day 9 ! second half ( ,brahma's life4 ,& ?us we are suppos$ to live n f> 7say a few billion ye>s67 f ! middle ( ! ,h9du *ronological sy/em4 ,"o may bett] realize ! l5g? ( ! sy/em if he rememb]s t we h yet to sp5d ( ! pres5t ,kali yuga alone m ?an sev5ty times ! :ole ( ! old ,*ri/ian *ronology f ,adam to ! pres5t "t6 ,& yet1 z comp>$ ) ! :ole sy/em describ$ above1 ,kali yuga is less ?an "o day 9 a ?\s& ye>s4 ,& t l>gely measures ! diff]5ce betwe5 ! imag9ation ( ! ,we/ & ! same develop$ faculty 9 ! ,ea/6 ,x is q unnecess>y to say t ! prehi/oric ,manus ( previ\s yugas are absolutely imag9>y creatures1 s9ce hi/ory c tell u practically no?+ ab\t ! head ( our race1 ev5 9 ! pres5t ,h9du disp5sation4 ,!re is n a l9e ( hi/ory or ( reliable tradition t w enable u to rea* f>!r back ?an five or six ?\s& ye>s 9 ?is que/ = ! orig9 ( our race4 ,!re 01 ( c\rse1 a beg9n+ ( human life on e>?2 & we may1 j z we please1 call ! prog5itor ,manu or ,adam4 ,b1 accord+ to ! ,h9du *ronological sy/em1 six ?\s& ye>s only c>ries u j back into ! la/ yuga1 & is z b ye/]day 9 ! m>* ( ! div9e aeons ( ! pa/4 ,c]ta9ly1 writ]s ^: productions are unreliable z a guide to ! ev5ts ( ! pa/ c5tury or two are only ind5t+ ^u _! imag9ation :5 !y descant ^u ! *ronological data ( ! ,puranas4 ,"o ( ! pr9cipal evils connect$ ) ?is measureless "t sy/em is f\nd 9 ! fact t x helps to de/roy ! confid5ce ( all intellig5t m5 9 ! hi/oricity ( *>act]s & ev5ts :i* w\ld o!rwise be wor?y ( our cr$5ce4 ,= example1 ! "q is ask$ :e!r su* a man z ,rama ,*&ra ev] exi/$4 ,we at once reply 9 ! affirmative2 = does n ! ,ramayana dwell ^u 8 exploits1 & are !re n o!r reasons = believ+ t su* a h]o liv$ 9 anci5t times 9 ?is l&8 ,& yet :5 ! ,puranas tell u t ?is same ,rama receiv$ 8 apo!osis & appe>$ z an inc>nation ( ,vi%nu 9 ! ,tre?a yuga1 say "o or two millions ( ye>s ago1 we are a/\nd$ at ! cr$ulity ( ^? :o c\ld write su* a /atem5t z well z ^? :o c accept x2 & we are l$ to "q :e!r1 aft] all1 ,rama ev] exi/$ or is simply a poetic conception c>ri$ f> away into an imag9>y "t4 ,?us ! *ronology ( ! l& t5ds to ca/ a cl\d ( d\bt & suspicion ov] all t is hi/orical1 traditional1 or leg5d>y 9 ! lit]ature ( ! p4 ,/ill great] ?an ?is is ! un=tunate influ5ce ( su* a sy/em ^u ! p !mselves1 9 help+ to de/roy any appreciation t !y w\ld o!rwise h ( hi/oric p]spective4 ,x is well kn[n t ! p ( ,india h ?r\gh\t ! ages be5 ! mo/ want+ 9 ! ability to write & sob]ly to appreciate hi/oric facts4 ,!y are great ?9k]s & wond]ful metaphysicians1 b !y are n hi/orians4 ,! meagre hi/ory ( ,india :i* has come d[n to u 0 n writt5 by ! p !mselves4 ,n until rec5tly1 & !n "u ! influ5ce ( we/]n tra9+1 did any reliable book ( hi/ory emanate f ! bra9 & h& ( a native ( ?is l&4 ,all t we "k ( ! anci5t hi/ory ( ,india comes to u 9 two ways4 ,x is kn[n indirectly ?r\gh ! language & lit]ature & anci5t inscriptions ( ! pa/4 ,hi/orians ( to-day h to /udy ! sci5ce ( language1 & especially ! gr[? ( ! ,sanscrit tongue2 &1 ?r\gh an intimate k ( ! same1 !y arrive approximately at ! "t 9 :i* _m ( ! mo/ important books ( ! l& h be5 writt5 & at ! dates ( ! ev5ts n>rat$ 9 !m4 ,or !y may be help$1 to "s ext5t1 to le>n ?is hi/ory by a /udy ( ! tea*+s ( ! books !mselves1 :i* may indicate ! "t 9 :i* !y 7 writt54 ,a few inscriptions & co9s give ! dates ( c]ta9 reigns1 :i* ?us br+ u directly & briefly into ! correct era ( c]ta9 important ev5ts4 ,b ! bulk ( ! hi/ory ( ,india comes ?r\gh =eign]s4 ,at diff]5t p]iods 9 ! hi/ory ( ! l& m5 ( o!r nationalities visit$ ,india & !n record$ _! obs]vations conc]n+ ! c\ntry & ! p4 ,! ,greeks 7 great travell]s & ke5 obs]v]s 9 anci5t times4 ,!y came to ,india & left 9 _! books su* /atem5ts ab\t ! l& z assi/ u to und]/& its condition at t p]iod4 ,!n ! ,*9ese1 9 ! e>ly c5turies ( ! ,*ri/ian era1 visit$ ?is l& & record$ 9 _! works mu* ( int]e/ ab\t ! social & religi\s condition ( ! p4 ,lat]1 ! ,mohamm$an conque/ br\ght _m =eign]s into ,india1 & "s ( ! writ]s ( ,islam give u fur!r insight into ! affairs ( ! c\ntry4 ,f ! fifte5? c5tury ! ,romi% mission>ies h convey$1 ?r\gh _! reports to ,rome1 mu* ( in=mation conc]n+ ! p & _! life4 ,& ?us ! hi/ory ( ,india has l>gely dep5d$ ^u ! ke5 & c>eful obs]vations & /atem5ts ( m5 ( o!r l&s :o came "h = travel1 trade1 or religion4 ,b ,indians !mselves h1 at no "t1 contribut$ to ?is mo/ important dep>tm5t ( lit]ature4 ,we may se>* 9 va9 = ev5 "o volume ( reliable hi/ory out ( ! myriad tomes ( embelli%$ n>ratives :i* h emanat$ f ! f]tile bra9s ( ! m5 ( ,india4 ,h[ %all we acc\nt = ?is /range & v /rik+ fact8 ,x mu/ be1 9 "p1 ow+ to ! innate passion ( ,india at all times = poetic embelli%m5t & exagg]ation4 ,a cool1 sci5tific1 unadorn$ /atem5t ( a fact or ( an ev5t has nev] satisfi$ ! s\l ( ! *ildr5 ( ! tropics4 ,h5ce1 ! hi/ory ( ! pa/ becomes leg5d1 human h]oes are pa9t$ z div9e1 & epo*s & eras are l5g!n$ out to almo/ et]nal proportions4 ,n[ ! mo/ s]i\s result ( all ?is is t ! p h come firmly to believe t ^! wild exagg]ations1 :i* 7 writt5 by "s dreamy poets ( ! pa/1 are ! sane & cool expressions ( simple hi/oric fact2 & ?us !y h l>gely lo/ ! true s5se ( hi/oric p]spective1 are unable to di/+ui% betwe5 fact & fancy1 & are /rang]s to ! lessons ( ! pa/4 ,= x mu/ be rememb]$ t ! tea*+s ( =m] ages1 & especially ! life-lessons & "*-influ5ces ( ^? g5]ations ( m51 h less & less ( significance to u ! f>!r we ?r[ !m back into ! dim & hazy realm ( ! prehi/oric & leg5d>y4 ,! ne> pa/1 ) its famili> voices & its h]oes ( real fle% & blood1 br+s to u an appeal to life & noble endeav\r to :i* we are always glad to respond2 :ile ! remote *>act]s ( my? & ( leg5d nei!r impress u ) _! reality nor inspire u to a high] & bett] life4 ,&1 9 ! same way1 ^! imm5sely drawn-out aeons ( ! pa/ make x impossible = ^? :o believe 9 !m rightly to appreciate ! significance & importance ( ! pres5t4 ,"o's pres5ce 9 ! _w & ! value ( 8 be/ activity = ! _w's good c mean some?+ to him if he appreciate ! fact t !re is no great di/ance to ! v beg9n+ ( human hi/ory4 ,?\gh 8 span ( life is small1 x nev]!less has a def9ite relation%ip to ! :ole ( hi/ory1 & !re is "s enc\ragem5t = a man to "w = ! good ( 8 race4 ,b ?is enc\ragem5t dw9dles into no?+ness :5 a man believes 9 ^? _m aeons ( human life1 ea* aeon be+ 9 itself an imm5se rea* ( billions ( ye>s4 ,,ii ,! ,cyclic ,"* ( ,h9du ,*ronology ,a v unique ?+ ab\t ?is *ronology is t x revolves 9 cycles4 ,ea* maha-yuga is compos$ ( f\r yugas1 & ^! are ev] ! same s]ies & ( ! same "*4 ,we pass on ?r\gh ! long vi/a ( ,kri?a1 ,tre?a1 ,dwap>a1 & ,kali only to beg9 once m on ! same s]ies2 & ?us =ev] we move 9 ?is f\r-arc circle )\t ev] gett+ outside ( x4 ,x is claim$ t ?is cycle ( yugas has already revolv$ ab\t tw5ty million times & w g on sp9n+ tw5ty million times m1 atta9+ no?+ & go+ n[h]e4 ,x is en\gh to make "o dizzy to ?9k ( ?is mighty *ronological :eel1 sp5d+ #d1cbj1jjj ye>s = e "o ( its =ty million revolutions1 ) no?+ to v>y ! monotony ( ^! ev] recurr+ epo*s6 ,! fir/ "q :i* "o w\ld naturally ask1 aft] assum+ ! tru? ( ?is brea?lessly long sy/em1 is :e!r x c\ld =ev] return ^u itself aft] ?is fa%ion4 ,is !re no progress 9 "t8 ,is x true1 9 ?is s5se also1 t !re is no?+ new "u ! sun8 ,:ile o!r p are refre%$ by ! s5se t !y are mov+ =w>d & upw>d 9 ! fulfilm5t ( "s great de/9y1 are ev] add+ new increm5ts to _! wisdom1 & are ris+ high] ^u _! dead selves to ev] nobl] a*ievem5ts1 is x "r t ! p ( ?is great l& %\ld be doom$ to ?9k t !re is no p]man5t advance = ,india1 b t %e alone mu/ =ev] return :5ce %e />t$ & repeat ! we>y cycle ( ! pa/8 ,z a matt] ( fact1 no p c be ?us ti$ d[n to any me*anical ord] ( "t4 ,e race & nation is ei!r mak+ = progress or = deg5]acy4 ,x w nev] return to its old moor+s4 ,! pa/ has told ^u x4 ,x has accumulat$ "s weal? ( k1 ( exp]i5ce1 ( "*1 :i*1 z ! c5turies roll1 br+s x f>!r on 9 its c>e]4 ,x is true t a nation1 l a man1 may h lapses by :i* x may fall d[n a /ep or m 9 ! ladd] ( its upw>d progress4 ,b ?is _c be a necessity ( its nature or a rel5tless law ( its be+4 ,?is *ronological sy/em also acc\nts = mu* ( ! pessimism t p]vades ! m9ds & depresses ! he>t ( ! p ( ,india to-day4 ,x is ev]y:]e claim$ t ! be/ ?+s ( ,india 7 f\nd 9 ! remote pa/4 ,b1 y ask1 w n ! ,sattia yuga--! gold5 age--return aga98 ,oh1 yes1 x is next 9 ! procession1 we are told4 ,b we mu/ n =get t !re are ab\t #dbg1jjj long ye>s be=e ?is ,kali yuga comes to an end4 ,ev5 suppos+ t ! doctr9e ( transmigration is true1 & t ! s\l ( man mu/ pass ?r\gh _m re9c>nations2 :o c be expect$ to hold on to c\rage & hope ?r\gh ne>ly half a million ye>s ( dre>y exi/5ce8 ,:at ,india sorely ne$s to-day is a conviction t %e is mov+ onw>d--t !re is b "o yuga 9 h] cal5d>1 & t t is ! yuga ( opportunity to rise to high] ?+s4 ,?us alone c %e be /imulat$ to h] be/ ef=ts & mo/ wor?y activity4 ,9 ?is connection we mu/ n =get ano!r aspect ( ^! *ang+ & ev] recurr+ ages ( ! puranas4 ,ea* yuga1 maha-yuga1 & k>pa is foll[$ by a p]iod ( m or less complete de/ruction4 ,! a*ievem5ts ( ea* p]iod are =gott51 because its results are oblit]at$ or consum$ by a mighty cataclysm4 ,& ?us no ga9 acquir$ 9 any pa/ age is available = ! com+ epo*4 ,9 ?is way1 ! :ole idea ( ! puranic *ronology is ! mo/ effective ev] devis$ by man 9 any l& to br+ disc\ragem5t & despair into ! he>t ( ! p :o live "u x4 ,:e!r we look at ! absurd l5g?1 ! disc\rag+ cycles1 or ! de/ructive cataclysms :i* are an ess5tial "p ( ! sy/em1 "o & all br+ 9 _! tra9 depression1 /agnation1 & ! _s ( reckless wa/e4 ,:ile we recognize t ?is *ronology is a natural product ( ! dreamy1 pati5t s\l ( ! ,ea/1 ! mo/ important fact = u to rememb] is t x also p]petuates & acc5tuates ! v evil :i* gave x bir?4 ,,iii ,! ,moral ,*>act]i/ics ( ! ,h9du ,"t ,sy/em ,?is1 d\btless1 is ! mo/ /rik+ feature ( ?is *ronology & gives x a l>g] influ5ce ?an any o!r 9 ! ?\ghts & life ( ! p ( ?is l&4 ,& ,i really believe t x is m delet]i\s 9 its influ5ce ^u ! ,h9du "* ?an any?+ else connect$ ) ?is sy/em4 ,accord+ to ?is *ronology1 9 its mo/ elaborat$ =m1 e day1 yea1 e h\r z well z e yuga1 or epo*1 has its peculi> moral "* assign$ to x4 ,x is well kn[n t ! fir/ era 9 ! maha-yuga is call$ ,sattia yuga1 or ! era ( tru?4 ,dur+ ?is p]iod ! c[ ( righte\sness /&s ^u f\r legs1 & all liv+ be+s are good1 beautiful1 & happy4 ,?is inde$ is ! gold5 age ( ,h9duism4 ,b1 alas1 its la/ dep>ture 0 "s f\r million ye>s ago1 & x w n return1 !y say1 = ne>ly half a million ye>s m4 ,!n x is foll[$ by ! silv] age1 9 :i* ! c[ is said to /& on ?ree legs only6 ,9 o!r words1 virtue & happ9ess h suff]$ dim9ution1 & evil & mis]y h crept into human life4 ,if 9 ! previ\s age asceticism 0 ! cr[n+ glory1 9 ?is second age k is supreme4 ,?is is said to be ! "t ( ,rama's exploits & trials4 ,we !n come into ! bronze era1 ! s-call$ p]iod ( ,kri%na's inc>nation & go+s4 ,! poor c[ ( virtue has suff]$ /ill fur!r limitations & has b two legs to /& ^u 9 ?is yuga6 ,?is is call$ ! age ( sacrifice--! "t :5 sacrifice has preem95ce z a s\rce ( p[] 9 salvation4 ,!n we come d[n to ! iron age 9 :i* we h ! suppos$ infelicity to live4 ,?is is ! "t ( evil1 p> excell5ce1 9 :i* ! c[ has be5 r$uc$ to ! la/ extremity & has to /& ^u "o leg6 ,! gradual det]ioration ( ! ages f9ds "h its culm9ation4 ,( ?is f\r? age !re is a description 9 ! ,vi%nu-purana1 :i* is translat$ z foll[s3-- ,he> :at w happ5 9 ! kali yuga4 ,! usages & in/itutes ( ca/e1 ( ord] & rank1 w n prevail1 ,nor yet ! precepts ( ! triple ,v$a4 ,religion w consi/ 9 wa/+ weal?1 ,9 fa/+ & p]=m+ p5ances ,at w2 ! man :o owns mo/ prop]ty1 ,& lavi%ly di/ributes x1 w ga9 ,dom9ion ov] o!rs2 noble rank ,w give no claim to lord%ip2 self-will$ wom5 ,w seek _! pleasure1 & ambiti\s m5 ,fix all _! hopes on ri*es ga9$ by fraud4 ,! wom5 w be fickle & des]t ,_! begg>$ husb&s1 lov+ !m alone ,:o give !m money4 ,k+s1 in/ead ( gu>d+1 ,w rob _! subjects1 & ab/ract ! weal? ,( m]*ants1 "u plea ( rais+ taxes4 ,!n 9 ! _w's la/ age ! rights ( m5 ,w be confus$1 no prop]ty be safe1 ,no joy & no prosp]ity be la/+4 ,wom5 w be> *ildr5 at ! age ( five1 six1 or sev51 & m5 beget !m :5 !y are eight1 n9e1 or t54 ,gray hair w appe> :5 a p]son is b twelve ye>s ( age1 & ! duration ( life = m5 w only be tw5ty ye>s4 ,n[ ! idea 9 all ?is is t ea* yuga1 or era1 has its fix$ "*4 ,r ?an t ! m5 ( a yuga %\ld imp>t _! "* to ! age 9 :i* !y live1 ! age itself has a pron\nc$ moral b5t :i* is transf]r$ to all :o happ5 to live "u x4 ,?us we see 9 ! !ory a p]v]sion & contradiction ( ! facts2 = an e?ical "* is assign$ to days & h\rs r ?an to moral be+s1 :o alone are capable ( su* values4 ,!re=e1 = a ?or\gh consid]ation ( ! sy/em z a :ole1 x is only necess>y t we consid] ! "* assign$ to ?is evil age 9 :i* we live4 ,!re is no?+ m deeply wr\ght into ! consci\sness ( ! p ( ?is l& at ! pres5t "t ?an ! conviction t ?is "t 9 :i* we live is inde$ ,kali yuga1 t x is irrem$iably bad1 & t x ta9ts ) its own "* ev]y?+ t has life4 ,p&it ,natesa ,sa/ri rem>ks3 ,9 ,india :5 a "y boy or girl happ5s to break1 9 eat+ or dress1 ! or?odox rules ( ca/e1 8 or h] p>5ts w say1 ',oh6 x is all ! result ( ! ,kali yuga4' ,if a ,h9du becomes a conv]t to any o!r religion1 or if any atroci\s act is committ$1 ! ,h9du w obs]ve1 ',oh6 x is ! rip5+ ( ,kali4' ,e deviation f ! e/abli%$ cu/om1 e vice1 e crime1 9 fact1 ev]y?+ wick$1 is set d[n by ! ord9>y ,h9du to ! asc5d+ p[] ( ! ,"l ( ! ,kali age4 ,nor is ?is m]ely a sup]/ition ( ! ignorant4 ,we rememb] h[1 9 ! ye> #ahii1 :5 x 0 said t great calamities 7 due1 ! ,dewan ( ,mysore promis$ to place ! matt] ( prep>+ = ^! calamities be=e ! ,mah>ajah4 ,= 0 x n ! five ?\s&? ye> ( ,kali yuga8 ,n[ x does n occur to "o 9 t5 ?\s& to ask :e!r ?is is really s4 ,x is accept$ z a dogma :i* mu/ n be que/ion$2 & all ! evil & falsehood :i* ?is involves mu/ be a dread ( ! s\l & a bondage ( ! m9d :e!r x become a fact ( exp]i5ce or n4 ,b1 accept+ ! univ]sally receiv$ belief ( ,india t ,kali yuga is n[ five ?\s& & eight ye>s old1 :o c tell u :at 0 ! condition ( ?+s 9 ,india be=e ?is8 ,ev]y?+ be=e t "t is absolutely prehi/oric4 ,! be/ au?orities1 & inde$ all au?orities1 claim t ! ,v$as 7 fir/ sung1 t ! ,ri%is ( ,india came into exi/5ce1 t ! ,sanscrit tongue & ! ,indian ,aryans :o spoke x & ! religion ( ,h9duism :i* !y br\ght or cultivat$1--all ( ^! f9d _! orig9 dur+ ! la/ five ?\s& ye>s4 ,all ! evid5ces ( hi/ory unite to assure u t !re is practically no?+ exi/+ at ! pres5t "t 9 ?is l& :i* is n 9 "s way ! *ild ( ^! la/ fifty c5turies ( ,kali yuga4 ,:o1 !n1 c dogmatically tell u t ^! c5turies h be5 bett] or worse ?an ! eras prec$+ !m8 ,we "k no m ab\t ! ,dwap>a & ! o!r previ\s eras1 if any su* ev] exi/$1 ?an we "k ab\t ! inhabitants ( o!r planets1 if su* !re be4 ,x is !re=e futile1 yea m1 ?or\ghly wick$1 to impose ^u ! p a *ronological sy/em :i* is s pessimi/ic & hopeless 9 its t5or z ?is4 ,b ev5 look+ back ?r\gh ! probably f\r ?\s& ye>s :i* embrace all t we really "k ab\t ,india1 :at d we see to enc\rage ?is pessimi/ic view ( our era8 ,let x n be assum$ t ! p ( ,india 9 ! days ( ! ,ri%is ( old 7 pur] 9 life or l(ti] 9 ideals ?an _m :o live 9 ,india to-day4 ,x is true t su* evils z ca/e1 infant m>riage1 & _m simil> cu/oms did n exi/ at all 9 ,v$ic days4 ,b x is also true t n a few s]i\s evils ( anci5t times1 su* z drunk5ness1 human sacrifice1 & slav]y1 d n g5]ally exi/ 9 ,india to-day4 ,b if we desire to "k :at ! condition ( ! pres5t "t is1 we %\ld comp>e ?is beg9n+ ( ! tw5tie? ) ! beg9n+ ( ! eighte5? c5tury & see :at progress has be5 a*iev$4 ,dur+ ! la/ two c5turies numb]less crimes & evils h be5 swept away4 ,i ne$ only m5tion su* enormities z ?uggee1 sattee1 infant murd]1 etc41 all ( :i* 7 ?riv+ ev5 a hundr$ ye>s ago1 b :i* are n[ ?+s ( ! pa/4 ,& :at %all ,i say ( a horde ( o!r cu/oms t h curs$ ! l&1 su* z infant m>riage1 !va?asis1 ca/e1 all ( :i* are beg9n+ to yield to ! enlight5$ ?\ght ( ! pres5t & w soon be driv5 out ( ! c\ntry8 ,i ne$ n add1 h[ev]1 t all ( ^! wond]ful *anges & progress h n come out ( ,h9duism4 ,!y h be5 c>ri$ out & are progress+ 9 ! tee? ( con/ant opposition f ! or?odox def5d]s ( ! ance/ral fai?4 ,x is ! new light ( ! ,we/ t has dawn$ ^u ,india & has br\ght to x a new era4 ,ev5 :ile ! p are insi/+ t !y are 9 ! mid/ ( ,kali yuga & are confid5t t ! days are out ( jo9t1 !y are nev]!less witness+ su* a revolution 9 religi\s1 social1 & intellectual life all ar\nd !m t any p :o 7 n "u ! bl9d spell ( ! ,h9du "t-fallacy w\ld rejoice ) exce$+ joy to see x4 ,& h]e9 d we f9d "o ( ! great evils ( ?is *ronology3 ,x incapacitates ! p to accept or to appreciate any bless+ :i* has or may come to !m ?r\gh religi\s & social advancem5t4 ,!y ?9k t ev]y?+ mu/ be bad1 z a matt] ( c\rse1 9 ,kali yuga1 & s no?+ c appe> good to !m1 h[ev] b5efic5t & beautiful x may be4 ,?is conviction t ?+s are n[ out ( jo9t1 & ! settl$ purpose t all w cont9ue an unmix$ programme ( evil1 has m to d ) ! sad & univ]sal pessimism ( ,india ?an any?+ else ( :i* ,i "k4 ,x cru%es all buoyancy & *e] out ( ! m9d & re/s l a pall ^u e future prospect4 ,!n ?is expectation = ! future robs m5 ( any ambition to rem$y pres5t evils4 ,=1 !y naturally w say1 ,:y flee f ills :i* are press+ ^u u & :i* by exp]i5ce we h le>n$ to endure1 if x be only to contract great] tr\bles 9 _! /ead2 = fre$om f evil is an impossibility 9 ?is age8 ,is x n1 to a v consid]able ext5t1 ! reason :y !re are s few :ole-he>t$ re=m]s 9 ,india8 ,:y %\ld a man seek1 at ! risk ( opprobrium & enmity1 to root out ( ! c\ntry "s accurs$ cu/om if 8 inh]it$ belief 9 ! inh]5t badness ( ! pres5t era is /ill ) him8 ,he mu/ feel t all 8 ef=ts w be worse ?an va92 = ev5 if he & o!rs may succe$ 9 ov]com+ ?is cu/om1 x w be only to give room to ano!r t may be worse4 ,h5ce ! univ]sal apa?y 9 ! face ( cry+ evils & damn+ cu/oms2 h5ce also ! helpless cui bono8 to e ef=t ( o!rs to help ! l& out ( ! deep pits ( inju/ice & anci5t ills4 ,out ( ?is belief comes ano!r equally port5t\s dang]1 viz4 t ( easily yield+ to ! temptations ( ! "t1 & ( a read9ess to p>ticipate 9 ! common s9s ( ! day4 ,=1 say _m1 are n ^! immoralities & evils an integral "p ( ! "t2 &1 if s1 :at h>m is !re 9 our p>tak+ ( !m8 ,or1 at lea/1 is x n our be/ int]e/ to h>monize ourselves ) ! ess5tially evil environm5t ( our age r ?an va9ly to combat ! s9s ( ! day & to /rive to no purpose to remove !m8 ,& ?us a belief 9 ! div9e ord] & purpose ( ! evil ( our "t & 9 ! impossibility ( *ang+ ! "* ( our age becomes "o ( ! mo/ prolific s\rces ( s91 ( weakness1 & ( moral & spiritual apa?y 9 ! l& to-day4 ,d n _m s9 )\t fe> & ) increas+ facility because !y ?9k x is ! only life t be/ h>monizes ) ?is ,kali yuga 9 :i* !y live8 ,mu* ( ?is conception ( "t is connect$ ) ! all b univ]sal belief ( ! p 9 a/rology4 ,9 ,india1 a/rology is /ill f$ by popul> ignorance & sup]/ition1 & cont9ues to rule ) an iron rod 9 ?is la/ /ronghold among ! nations ( ! e>?4 ,x w\ld seem z if x controll$ ! conduct ( individuals1 ( families1 & ( society 9 g5]al4 ,x claims t = "o to be born "u ! dom9ant influ5ce1 or spell1 ( "o ( ! heav5ly bodies is = him to be its slave ev] aft]w>ds4 ,& ?us ! life ( e human be+ is said to be l>gely controll$ by c]ta9 planets & con/ellations1 "s ( :i* are malign1 & "s b5ign 9 _! "* & influ5ce4 ,= x mu/ be rememb]$ t x is n only ! yugas t are possess$ ( moral attributes2 ev5 ye>s1 mon?s1 days1 & h\rs are also classifi$ z good & bad1 auspici\s & inauspici\s4 ,= "o to d a ?+ ?is mon? is auspici\s1 :ile on ! next mon? x w be ! rev]se4 ,9 ! same mann]1 almo/ e human activity has its lucky & unlucky times--occasions :5 ef=t is mu* less1 or m safe or valuable1 ?an at o!r times4 ,= in/ance1 ! ,h9du is w>n$ aga9/ go+ ea/w>d1 ,mondays & ,saturdays2 nor?w>d1 ,tuesdays & ,w$nesdays2 we/w>d1 ,fridays & ,sundays2 & s\?w>d1 ,?ursdays4 ,?is1 we are told1 is because ,siva's trid5t is turn$ aga9/ ^? po9ts ( ! compass on ^? p>ticul> days1 & "o w\ld !re=e be 9 dang] ( be+ transfix$ by ?is div9e weapon6 ,!n a man mu/ n beg9 any important "w on ,rahu-kalam4 ,?is inauspici\s "t cov]s an h\r & a half ( ea* day ( ! week & is at a diff]5t h\r e day4 ,! only safe h\r is f #f to #g4cj ea* morn+4 ,t h\r is free f ! influ5ce ( ,rahu1 & is !re=e auspici\s4 ,& :at is ,rahu8 ,x is n a planet at all1 z 0 ?\ght ye>s ago2 nor is x a mighty snake :i* p]iodically swall[s ! sun or moon4 ,x is m]ely ! asc5d+ node 9 a/ronomy :]e9 alone ! eclipses c take place4 ,& yet ?is imag9>y mon/] has a v real place 9 ! life ( ?is great p1 & ! fooli% dread ( x conv]ts a p]iod daily into an inauspici\s occasion = important ef=t4 ,i w pres5t only "o o!r illu/ration ) a view to %[+ h[ ext5sively ?is moral attribute ( "t is ascrib$ & emphasiz$ 9 ! s]i\s affairs ( life 9 ,india4 ,= in/ance1 :5 a man is engag$ 9 ! p]=mance ( religi\s duties1 x is reg>d$ z ( supreme mom5t t he "k :5 c]ta9 acts are ( no m]it1 or1 on ! o!r h&1 ( special m]it4 ,n[1 !re is a regul> code ( rules = ?is special purpose4 ,by obs]v+ ^! rules c>efully "o may accumulate religi\s m]it or p[] ) ! gods beyond any "o :o does n obs]ve !m4 ,we are told t a rupee contribut$ 9 *>ity dur+ ! "t ( an eclipse1 or at ! "t :5 ! new moon falls ^u ,monday1 br+s z mu* m]it to ! contributor1 ) ! gods1 z an (f]+ ( "o ?\s& rupees at any ord9>y "t4 ,:o1 !n1 w\ld n *oose ! "r "t = 8 religi\s activity if "t alone is ! elem5t :i* adds value to x1 & if motive has evid5tly s little ( importance 9 giv+ quality or value to our ef=ts 9 ! religi\s life8 ,,*apt] ,,xi ,,islam ,,9 ,,india ,!re are sixty-five million ,mohamm$ans 9 ,india4 ,?is con/itutes m ?an "o-fif? ( ! total population1 & is consid]ably l>g] ?an ! :ole population ( ! ,turki% ,empire4 ,!re are n[ "u ! ,briti% ,empire m ,mohamm$ans ?an "u any o!r gov]nm5t 9 mod]n1 or 9 e>li]1 times4 ,= at lea/ n9ety-five millions ( ! foll[]s ( ! ,prophet ( ,mecca are prosp]+ to-day "u ! aegis ( ,great ,brita92 :i* is probably five millions 9 excess ( ! ,*ri/ian population ( ! same empire4 ,?is is a significant fact4 ,& ?is ,islamic population 9 ,india is gr[+1 too4 ,dur+ ! la/ decade x increas$ by #i4a p] c5t1 :ile ! population ( ,india1 z a :ole1 increas$ only by #a4i p] c5t4 ,( ! ,mohamm$ans ( ,india1 only a small portion are desc5d$ f ! ,mussulmans ( ! ,we/2 :ile ! rema9d] are ! results ( conv]sions f ,h9duism4 ,illu/ration3 ,,humayan',s ,,tomb1 ,,delhi ,?is population is scatt]$ all ov] ,india1 ?\gh ,nor? ,india is ! home ( ! majority ( !m4 ,b5gal1 also1 has a l>ge ,mohamm$an elem5t 9 its population4 ,x is t "p ( ! c\ntry :]e ,islam has ga!r$ 9 ! l>ge/ numb] ( conv]ts2 =1 ( ! p ( t ,presid5cy1 m ?an "o-?ird 7#be1bfd1cdb7 are ,mussulmans4 ,& 9 c]ta9 portions ( ,ea/ ,b5gal ! ,mohamm$ans are 9 ! l>ge majority4 ,9 ,s\? ,india1 too1 !re is a fair repres5tation ( ! memb]s ( ?is fai?4 ,"o c h>dly pass ?r\gh any section ( ! c\ntry )\t see+ & recogniz+ !m by _! physiognomy1 co/ume1 or cu/oms4 ,i ,! ,hi/ory ( ,islam 9 ,india ,x is ne>ly twelve hundr$ ye>s s9ce ! fir/ milit>y exp$ition ( ?is triumphant fai? ent]$ ?is l&4 ,x is an int]e/+ fact t ! fir/ attack ( ,islam 7#gaa ,a4,d47 ^u ,india almo/ syn*ronizes ) ! end ( ! mill5nium ( ,buddhi/ic rule 9 ,india4 ,?us ! incom+ ( ! new ,h9duism "u ,sank>a*>y> almo/ co9cides ) ! fir/ onslaught ( ! we/]n hordes ( ! ,arabian ,prophet ^u ! /rongholds ( ,india4 ,x 0 a pure conque/ ( ! sword :i* gave to ,mohamm$ 9 ,india1 z 9 o!r l&s1 a place & a possession4 ,& ^? e>ly days ( ,mohamm$an triumph are1 9 ! ma91 a record ( cruel but*]y & ( widespread massacre4 ,!y fulfill$1 to ! lett]1 ! comm& ( ! f\nd] ( _! fai?1 :i* says3 ,:5 ye enc\nt] ! unbeliev]s1 /rike (f _! heads1 until ye h made a great slaught] among !m2 & b9d !m 9 bonds2 & ei!r give !m a free dismission aft]w>ds1 or exact a ransom2 until ! w> %all h laid d[n its arms4 ,?is %all ye d4 7,quran 7,koran71 xlviii4 #d1 #e47 ,! fanaticism & bigotry ( t p c>ri$ triumph ev]y:]e2 & _! triumph meant to e ,h9du ! acceptance ( ! sword1 ! ,quran1 or tribute4 ,= "s c5turies1 inde$1 ! =tunes ( ,islam 9 ,india wav]$1 & its undisput$ sway 0 n recogniz$ until ! "t ( ,bab]1 ! di/+ui%$ f\nd] ( ! great ,mogul ,empire 9 ! sixte5? c5tury4 ,x is also true t1 among ! mild & pati5t population ( ?is l&1 ! _s ( t militant fai? gradually s(t5$ until ! era ( ,akb> ! ,great--a rul] :o 0 n only illu/ri\s z a lawgiv]1 b also 0 ju/ly celebrat$ = 8 cosmopolitanism & religi\s tol]ation4 ,he 0 succe$$ by ano!r great "n1 ,%ah ,jehan1 a man ( wond]ful adm9i/rative p[]s1 b "o ( n>r[ sympa?ies & occasionally giv5 to cruel bigotry4 ,& yet1 if he did n possess ! graces = a noble "*1 he adorn$ 8 realm ) religi\s edifices :i* /ill /& unrivall$ 9 _! exquisite beauty4 ,! cruel ,aurangzeeb practically clos$ ! ,mogul dyna/y by 8 weakness1 blood?ir/9ess1 & uncompromis+ bigotry4 ,x is /range t dur+ ! c5turies ( cruel dom9ion1 ( uncompromis+ fanaticism1 & ( religi\s intol]ance1 ! :ole population ( ! l& 0 n absorb$ into ,islam4 ,b ! ,mogul ,empire pass$ away4 ,&1 :ile x left a /rong impression on ! c\ntry z a :ole1 & affect$ some:at ! fai?s ( ?is l& & left m>vell\s monum5ts ( ar*itectural beauty1 x did n s]i\sly *ange ! und]curr5ts ( ! life ( ! :ole p4 ,,ii ,! ,pres5t ,condition ( ?is ,fai? 9 ,india ,l all o!r fai?s 9 ?is p59sula1 ,islam is accept$ & practis$ 9 all degrees ( purity1 f ! or?odox wor%ip1 conduct$ 9 ! gr& & beautiful mosques ( ,delhi & ,agra1 to ! grovell+1 sup]/iti\s1 hea!ni% c]emonies :i* obta9 among1 & :i* con/itute ! religi\s pabulum (1 ! masses ( ,islam 9 remote villages & 9 di/ant sections ( ! l&4 ,g5]ally speak+1 ! religion ( ,mohamm$ is n calculat$ to appeal to ! highly poetic m9d ( ,india4 ,x is too sev]e & prosaic 9 its "*4 ,! m9d ( ,india delights 9 my/ical elaborations & 9 ! multiplication ( fanciful inc>nations & o!r div9e manife/ations4 ,! ,allah ( ,islam is almo/ z remote & z unkn[able a deity z is ! ,brahm ( ! ,v$anti/4 ,b 9 ! abs5ce ( a p]sonal god ! ,v$anti/ & ,h9dus 9 g5]al h built up a sy/em ( numb]less inc>nations :i* play ^u ! imag9ation ( ! vot>ies & give ample scope to ! rem>kably poetic g5ius ( ?is p4 ,mohamm$anism has no?+ ( ! k9d2 x d5ies ev5 ! possibility ( div9e desc5t1 & its animus ?r\gh\t ! c5turies has be5 "o ( antagonism to ! inc>nation doctr9e ( o!r fai?s4 ,! ,quran is l>gely want+ 9 ! tropical w>m? & leg5d>y lore :i* is su* a res\rce & com=t to ! ,indian m9d1 & :i* !re=e ab\nds 9 ! sacr$ writ+s ( ! ,brahmans4 ,d\btless1 ! simplicity & intelligibility ( its cre$--"o ,god1 "o prophet1 "o book--comm5ds ,mohamm$anism to ! m9ds ( _m4 ,b simplicity is n a foible ( ! religi\s m9d ( ,india4 ,x has always crav$ ! complex1 ! my/ical1 & ! unfa?omable4 ,x delights 9 inconsi/5cies1 & indulges freely 9 ! irreconcilable my/]ies ( fai?4 ,h9duism1 be+ ! *ild ( ! ,h9du m9d1 ab\nds 9 tropical exub]ance ( spiritual ex]cise & amusem5ts1 :i* seem *ildi% & inane to all o!r p4 ,! tea*+ ( ,mohamm$ has1 !re=e1 v little t c appeal ) p[]1 c>ry conviction1 & br+ cont5tm5t to ! p ( ,india4 ,9 no?+1 p]haps1 is ?is m manife/ly m>k$ ?an 9 ! conception ( ! deity above ref]r$ to4 ,islam is a mo/ uncompromis+ =m ( ,unit>ianism4 ,x is bitt]ly oppos$ to any doctr9e :i* br+s ,god d[n to m5 & r5d]s ,him intelligible to ! common m9d4 ,x d5ies ! possibility ( ! div9e putt+ on human1 or any o!r1 nature4 ,h9duism1 on ! o!r h&1 is ! v anti!sis ( all ?is4 ,at fir/1 ?is 0 n s4 ,b its rigid pan!ism gradually necessitat$ manife/ations ( ! div9e1 9 ord] t fai? & devotion might be made possible4 ,&1 9 lat] c5turies1 ! doctr9e ( inc>nation 0 accept$ z a hav5 ( re/ to ! ,h9du m9d & soon became a wild passion ( its s\l4 ,!re is no o!r p on e>? :o h c>ri$ ! doctr9e ( inc>nation 7,avat>7 to su* excess ( imag9+s z to create su* abundantly grotesque & fanciful appe>ances ( _! _m div9ities4 ,normally1 !n1 ! ,mohamm$an fai?1 at its v core1 mu/ be unsatisfy+ & ev5 repulsive to ! tropical ,h9du m9d4 ,x 0 br\ght "h at ! po9t ( ! sword2 &1 = c5turies1 x 0 ! fai? ( a rul+ p[] ^: cu/om 0 to tax heavily all p :o did n con=m1 outw>dly at lea/1 to ! ,/ate religion4 ,aft] ,islam _h become e/abli%$ & secure 9 its success 9 ,india1 :5 x c\ld relax its grip ^u ! sword & rel9qui% some?+ ( ! _s ( intol]ance :i* *>act]iz$ x1 x _h to meet & cope ) a great] foe ?an t ( ! battle-field4 ,h9duism has always ex]cis$ a great b5umb+ influ5ce ^u all fai?s :i* h come into contact & conflict ) x4 ,x has ins9uat$ itself into ! m9d ( ! conqu]ors & laid its palsi$ h& ^u e dep>tm5t ( religi\s ?\ght & life4 ,s t1 aft] a few c5turies ( prosp]ity 9 ,india1 ,islam began to =get its n>r[ bigotry & uncompromis+ sev]ity & frat]niz$ m or less ) ! religion ( ! c\ntry4 ,little by little a latitud9>ianism crept 91 :i* f\nd its culm9ation 9 t rem>kable man1 ,akb> ! ,great1 :o ent]ta9$ ! tea*]s ( all fai?s & enc\rag$ a fe>less discussion ( _! respective m]its4 ,dr4 ,:]ry writes3 ,! tol]ance ( ,akb>1 :o n only remov$ ! poll-tax f all 8 non-,moslem subjects1 b :o e/abli%$ a sort ( p>liam5t ( religions1 invit+ ,brahmans1 ,p]sian ,sufis1 ,p>see fire-wor%ipp]s1 & ,jesuit prie/s to freely discuss 9 8 pres5ce ! special t5ets ( _! fai? & practice1 0 rem>kable4 ,he w5t f>!r1 & promulgat$ an eclectic cre$ ( 8 own & con/itut$ himself a sort ( prie/-k+ 9 :i* 8 own dictum %\ld ov]ride ev]y?+ except+ ! lett] ( ! ,quran4 ,8 own cre$ is set =? 9 ! foll[+ words ( ,india's greate/ poet1 ,abul ,fazl3-- ,o ,god1 9 e temple ,i see ^? :o see !e1 &1 9 e tongue t is spok51 ?\ art prais$4 ,poly!ism & ,islam grope aft] !e1 ,ea* religion says1 ',?\ art "o1 )\t equal1' ,be x mosque1 m5 murmur holy pray]2 or *ur*1 ! bells r+1 = love ( !e2 ,a:ile ,i frequ5t ! ,*ri/ian cloi/]1 anon ! mosque3 ,b !e only ,i seek f fane to fane4 ,?9e elect "k naught ( h]esy or or?odoxy1 :]e( nei!r /&s beh9d ! scre5 ( ?y tru?4 ,h]esy to ! h]etic1--dogma to ! or?odox1-- ,b ! du/ ( ! rose-petal belongs to ! he>t ( ! p]fume sell]4#h ,footnote #h3 ,islam & ,*ri/ianity1 p4 #fh4 ,?is religi\s cosmopolitanism develop$ into :at has be5 call$ an ,eclectic ,pan!ism1 :i* welcom$ all m5 & satisfi$ no "o4 ,ev5 ?\gh ,aurangzeeb tri$ to /em ?is tide ( lib]alism & to rehabilitate ! intol]ance & cruelty ( anci5t ,islam1 8 ef=t 0 n only unsuccessful1 b 0 p>tly in/rum5tal 9 br++ on ! d[nfall ( ! ,empire4 ,& ! fai? ( ,mohamm$ 9 ,india has reveal$1 ev] s9ce1 ! sickly pallor & want ( vig\r :i* tropical life & contact ) ,h9duism necess>ily entail4 ,:5 ! gov]nm5t ( ?is l& ceas$ to be ,mohamm$an1 & ! sceptre pass$ into ! h&s ( ! ,briti%1 ^: glory x has be51 = c5turies1 to protect its subjects f ! bloody h& ( intol]ance & to v\*safe unto all n only ! bless$ boon ( ,pax ,britannica1 b also ! inexpressible "r & privilege ( religi\s lib]ty1--!n pass$ away1 nev] to return1 we hope1 f ?is mo!rl& ( tol]ance1 ! gha/ly sceptre ( bigotry & fanaticism4 ,& ?us ,islam ceas$ to be en=c$ & propagat$ by ! /rong arm ( law & by ! po9t$ argum5t ( sword & spe> ( ! legions4 ,x has1 s9ce !n1 enjoy$ 9 ?is l& a free & an op5 field = ! ex]cise ( its p[]s ( p]suasion4 ,b its increase has n be5 m>k$4 ,& :at !re has be5 ( progress has be5 ow+ to its o!r *>act]i/ics1 :i* we w m5tion lat]4 ,?us ! fai? ( ! ,arabian prophet has lo/1 9 ,india1 n only its vig\r1 b also its pre/ige & purity1 by contact ) ! l[] fai?s ( ! l&1 especially ) ! ance/ral fai? ( ,india4 ,f t religion x has tak5 unto itself _m ( ! base sup]/itions1 & n a few ( ! idolatr\s practices1 :i* h *>act]iz$ x4 ,inde$1 ! great mass ( ! conv]ts f ,h9duism1 & _! desc5dants1 h _h b a di/ort$ conception ( ! l(ty fai? ( ,mohamm$1 :i* !y h unequally yok$ ) _! anci5t sup]/itions & errors4 ,! ,indian c5sus ( #aija tells u h[ ! pure mono!ism ( ,mohamm$ has be5 debas$ by contact ) wor%ip at human %r9es3 ,we h se5 9 ! case ( ,h9duism t ! belief 9 "o supreme ,god1 9 :om are ve/$ all ultimate p[]s1 is n incompatible ) ! belief 9 ,sup]natural ,be+s :o ex]cise consid]able influ5ce ov] worldly affairs1 & ^: influ5ce may be obta9$ or av]t$ by c]ta9 c]emonies4 ,simil>ly1 9 ! case ( ,islam1 :ile ! masses h1 on ! :ole1 a cle>] idea ( ! unity & omnipot5ce ( ,god ?an ! ord9>y ,h9du has1 !y also h a firm belief 9 ! value ( (f]+s at c]ta9 holy places = obta9+ temporal bless+s4 ,?us ! %r9e ( ,saiyad ,sal>1 at ,bahrai*1 is resort$ to1 bo? by ,h9dus & ,mussulmans1 if a wife is *ildless1 or if family qu>rels _c be compos$4 ,diseases may be cur$ by a visit to ! %r9e ( ,%aik ,saddo1 at ,amroha 9 ,moradabad2 :ile = help 9 legal difficulties ,%ah ,m9a's d>gah at ,luckn[ is r5[n$4 ,ea* ( ^! has its appropriate (f]+1--a long embroid]$ flag = ! fir/1 a cock = ! second1 & a piece ( clo? = ! ?ird4 ,o!r celebrat$ %r9es are ^? ( ,bahaudd9 ,mad> ,%ah at ,nakkanpur 9 ! ,cawnpore di/rict1 & ( ,ala-udd9 ,sabir at ,piran ,kali> 9 ,sah>anpur4 ,! same writ]1 9 8 report conc]n+ ,b5gal1 says3 ,! unre=m$ ,mohamm$ans ( ! l[] & un$ucat$ classes are deeply infect$ ) ,h9du sup]/itions1 & _! k ( ! fai? !y pr(ess seldom ext5ds beyond ! ?ree c>d9al doctr9es ( ! ,unity ( ,god1 ! mission ( ,mohamm$1 & ! tru? ( ! ,quran2 & !y h a v fa9t idea ( ! diff]5ces betwe5 _! religion & t ( ! ,h9dus4 ,sometimes !y believe t !y are desc5d$ f ,abel 7,habil71 :ile ! ,h9dus owe _! orig9 to ,ca9 7,kabil74 ,kabil1 !y say1 kill$ ,habil & dug a grave = him ) a cr['s beak4 ,be=e ! rec5t crusade aga9/ idolatry x 0 ! regul> practice ( l[-class ,mohamm$ans to jo9 9 ! ,durga ,puja & o!r ,h9du religi\s fe/ivals1 & al?\gh !y h be5 purg$ ( _m sup]/itions1 _m /ill rema94 ,9 p>ticul>1 !y are v c>eful ab\t om5s & auspici\s days4 ,dates = w$d+s are (t5 fix$ aft] consult+ a ,h9du a/rolog]2 bamboos are n cut1 nor ! build+ ( new h\ses comm5c$1 on c]ta9 days ( ! week2 & j\rneys are (t5 und]tak5 only aft] ref]r+ to ! ,h9du almanac to see if ! propos$ day is auspici\s4 ,:5 disease is preval5t1 ,sitala & ,rak%ya ,kali are wor%ipp$4 ,dh>m>aj1 ,manasa1 ,bi%ah>i1 are also v5]at$ by _m ignorant ,mohamm$ans4 ,sa/hi is wor%ipp$ :5 a *ild is born4 ,ev5 n[1 9 "s p>ts ( ,b5gal1 !y obs]ve ! ,durga ,puja & buy new clo!s = ! fe/ival1 l ! ,h9dus4 ,ap>t f ,h9du sup]/itions1 !re are c]ta9 =ms ( wor%ip common among/ ,mohamm$ans :i* are n bas$ on ! ,quran4 ,! mo/ common ( ^! is ! adoration ( dep>t$ ,pirs4 ,9 ,rajputana1 ! ,mohamm$ans ( local orig9 /ill reta9 _! anci5t ,h9du cu/oms & ideas4 ,! local sa9ts & deities are regul>ly wor%ipp$1 ! ,brahman (ficiates at all family c]emonials side by side ) ! ,mussulman prie/1 &1 if 9 matt]s ( cre$ !y are ,mohamm$ans1 9 matt]s ( =m !y are ,h9dus4 ,9 ,balu*i/an1 we are told ( ! ,mohamm$an t 8 practice is1 to say ! lea/ ( x1 un-,islamic4 ,?\gh he repeats e day t !re is "o ,god only :o is wor?y ( wor%ip1 he almo/ inv>iably pref]s to wor%ip "s sa9t or tomb4 ,! ,sa9ts1 or ,pirs1 9 fact1 are inve/$ ) all ! attributes ( ,god4 ,x is ! ,sa9t :o c av]t calamity1 cure disease1 procure *ildr5 = ! *ildless1 bless ! ef=ts ( ! hunt]1 or ev5 improve ! circum/ances ( ! dead4 ,! und]ly+ feel+ seems to be t man is too s9ful to approa* ,god direct1 & !re=e ! int]v5tion ( "s "o wor?y mu/ be s\ght4 ,9 ,s\? ,india1 also1 ,h9dus & ,mohamm$ans frat]nize n a little1 especially 9 ! religi\s fe/ivities4 ,mohamm$ans d n hesitate1 "u c]ta9 conditions1 to br+ (f]+s to p>ticul> ,h9du %r9es4 ,& x is a v common ?+ to see ,h9dus pay _! respects to ,mohamm$an fakirs4 ,! ,mohurram1 9 ,s\? ,india1 is p>ticipat$ 91 at lea/ 9 its fe/ive aspects1 by multitudes ( ,h9dus4 ,_m ,mohamm$ans are feel+ ke5ly ! degradation ( ?is contact4 ,a well-kn[n ,mussulman writ] moans ov] ! situation 9 ! foll[+ words3-- ,! baneful influ5ce t ,h9du cu/oms h _h on ,mussulmans is pa9ful to read (4 ,_m a ,h9du c]emonial has be5 incorporat$ by ! foll[]s ( ! ,prophet4 ,! m>riage c]emonies1 in/ead ( keep+ to ! simple =m prescrib$ by ! ,quran1 h be5 greatly elaborat$1 & include processions4 ,ev5 9 religi\s matt]s1 ,h9du & ,mussulman practices h become curi\sly bl5d$4 ,h9dus take a lead+ "p 9 ! celebration ( ,mohurram4 ,passages f ! ,quran are sometimes *ant$ 9 ! ,h9du fa%ion2 ,mohamm$an wom5 ( ! l[] classes break cocoanuts at ,h9du temples 9 fulfilm5t ( v[s4 ,/range/ ( all1 !re is said to be a ,h9du temple at a village ne> ,tri*9opoly :i* is sacr$ to a goddess call$ ! ,mussulmans' lady1 :o is said to be ! wife ( ! ,h9du god ,rangana?a at ,srirangam4 ,^! are "s ( ! sad features :i* ! c5sus report has br\ght to light4 ,!y t5d to %[ t1 except 9 a few dead =malities1 ! life ( ,mussulmans 9 ,s\? ,india is no?+ diff]5t f t ( ! ,h9dus4 ,9 _m cases ! foll[]s ( ! ,arabian prophet w\ld seem to h =gott5 ev5 ! root pr9ciples ( _! religion--! unity ( ,god1 ! =mless1 & ! un9c>nate4 ,?is fact alone is m ?an en\gh to fill ! m9d ( ! true ,mussulman ) anxi\s conc]n ) reg>d to ! future prospects ( ,islam 9 ?is c\ntry4 ,8 pi\s s\l c f9d no re/ ) ! view be=e him ( hundr$s & ?\s&s ( 8 coreligioni/s sunk deep 9 ! degrad+ practices ( ! hea!n ar\nd4 ,9 ?is connection x %\ld n be =gott5 t ! ,sikh fai? 9 ,nor? ,india is really a compromise betwe5 ^! two fai?s4 ,its f\nd]1 ,nanak ,%ah1 possess$ ! v laudable ambition ( produc+ a religion possess$ ( ! be/ elem5ts ( bo? ( ^! fai?s4 ,& ?\gh ! m ?an two millions ( 8 pres5t foll[]s h drift$ v mu* t[>d ,h9duism1 :i* is ! drift ( all ?+s 9 ?is l&1 & are h>dly to be di/+ui%$ f _! neighb\rs 9 cre$ & cu/om1 yet ! religion /&s z a te/imony to ! mutual influ5ce ( ^! two fai?s4 ,nor %\ld "o =get :at is n[ go+ on on ?is l9e among ,h9dus4 ,dr4 ,gri]son tells u1 9 8 rec5t int]e/+ lecture1 t ,allah ! ,god ( ! ,mussulman--! ,god ( ! ,jews & ourselves--has ,himself be5 admitt$ to ! ,h9du pan!on1 toge!r ) ,8 prophet1 & a new section ( ! nev] complet$ ,h9du bible1 ! ',allah ,upani%ad1' has be5 provid$ 9 ,8 hon\r4 ,moreov]1 ,h9dus *>ge ! ,mohamm$an fai? ) be+ ! cause ( ! z5ana sy/em ( ?is l&4 ,! seclusion ( wom5 began1 !y say1 on acc\nt ( ! lic5ti\sness ( ! ,arabs4 ,h[ev] ?is may be1 x is true t ! ,mohamm$an ,purdah sy/em1 :i* sep>ates s ?or\ghly wom5 f ! o!r sex1 f\nd adoption1 or at lea/ emphasis1 among ! ,h9dus4 ,9 anci5t times1 s f> z we c le>n1 ! wom5 ( ,brahmanism f\nd consid]able fre$om & indep5d5ce ( life4 ,probably ! tru? is t1 z ,h9duism develop$ c]ta9 types ( doctr9e :i* bore heavily ^u ! weak] sex1 ! range ( privilege & opportunity :i* wom5 enjoy$ f\nd gradual limitation & curtailm5t :i* f\nd m>k$ impetus ^u ! adv5t ( ! ,arab hordes4 ,& x %\ld be rememb]$ t ! p]si/5t attitude ( ,mohamm$ans t[>d slav]y & t[>d polygamy has _h a delet]i\s effect ^u ! ,h9du p4 ,?\gh ,islam came to ,india un9vit$1 & ?\gh its pa?way has be5 m>k$ ) blood1 x has n be5 )\t great opportunity to impress ! p ( ?is l& ) its nobility4 ,b1 z we h se51 ! opportunity does n seem to h be5 improv$4 ,aft] twelve c5turies ( active propag&ism & "s c5turies ( political rule & religi\s oppression1 ?is religion is /ill an exotic1 & f9ds1 on ! :ole1 small place 9 ! affection ( ! p4 ,?is is ow+ 9 "p to its want ( adaptation & inh]5t lack ( vital p[]4 ,z ,sir ,moni] ,william has said3 ,!re is a f9ality & a want ( ela/icity ab\t ,mohamm$anism :i* precludes its exp&+ beyond a c]ta9 fix$ l9e ( dem>cation4 ,hav+ once rea*$ ?is l9e1 x appe>s to lapse backw>ds--to t5d t[>d m5tal & moral slav]y1 to contract ) ! n>r[] & n>r[] circles ( bigotry & exclusiv5ess4 ,add aga9 to ?is ! fact1 already m5tion$1 t its new environm5t 9 ,india has be5 delet]i\s to ! vitality ( ! ,mohamm$an fai?4 ,mohamm$anism1 z a quiesc5t non-proselytiz+ religion1 c\ld only become corrupt & rott54 ,! effect ( all ?is policy on ! mass ( ,mohamm$ans 0 to deprive _! religi\s s5tim5t ( t intol]ance :i* con/itut$ its /r5g?4 ,its moral p[] 0 gone :5 x ceas$ to be intol]ant4444 ,^! two religions h ?us settl$ d[n beside ea* o!r on t]ms ( mutual *>ity & tol]ation4 ,?is does n imply any great *ange or det]ioration 9 ,h9duism1 = its pr9ciples admit e belief z tru?1 & e religion z a way ( salvation4 ,all t x requires is ackn[l$gm5t ( ! same pr9ciple f o!r religions1 & ?is is ! position :i* x has practically =c$ ,mohamm$anism to assume 9 ,india4 ,b su* a position is utt]ly oppos$ to ! pr9ciples & claims ( ! latt] religion2 & 9 =c+ ,mohamm$anism to accept x1 ,h9duism has und\bt$ly ga9$ ! triumph4#i ,footnote #i3 ,h9duism & ,*ri/ianity1 by ,dr4 ,robson1 pp4 #afh1 #agc4 ,& yet let x n be suppos$ t ,islam 9 ,india is ei!r dead or moribund4 ,x is evid5tly s5sible ( its defects & has made1 f "t to "t1 ef=ts to re=m itself4 ,"u ! /ress ( circum/ances & ! s5se ( wan+ p[] !y h ev5 translat$ ! ,quran into ,urdu1 ) a view to rea*+ ! common p4 ,?is is an unique ef=t on _! "p4 ,l ,romani/s1 9 ! use ( ! ,lat9 s]vice1 ! ,mohamm$ans cl+1 ) dea?ly t5acity1 to _! ,arabic bible & ,arabic wor%ip1 fooli%ly believ+ t to v]nacul>ize _! fai? is to degrade & corrupt x4 ,9 ,madura1 :]e !re is a mosque ( "s pret5sion1 !re are only two or ?ree :o c pron\nce _! ,arabic ,quran4 ,& :ile !y h le>n$ to pron\nce1 9 ! anci5t tongue1 _! belov$ book1 !y d n und]/& ! mean+ ( :at !y say1 & m]ely p>rot ! :ole ritual4 ,b a break has be5 made f ?is inane me?od ( wor%ip1 & _! holy book has n[ be5 translat$ into "o v]nacul> ( ,india4 ,islam has also reveal$ def9ite r$eem+ qualities :i* seem di/9ctive & are wor?y ( enum]ation4 ,its prohibition ( ! use ( intoxicat+ dr9ks is def9ite1 & its attitude t[>d t accurs$ habit has be5 consi/5tly & vehem5tly antagoni/ic4 ,h5ce1 ! ,mohamm$an ( ,india is recogniz$ z a sob] man1 fai?ful to 8 religion 9 ?is matt] :]e9 ! ,*ri/ian reveals s mu* weakness4 ,x is true t 9 "s p>ts ( ! c\ntry ,mussulmans are too (t5 addict$ to ! use ( opiates4 ,b a drunk5 memb] ( ?is fai? is r>ely to be f\nd4 ,9 ?is1 ,islam has jo9$ =ces ) ,h9duism itself 9 proscrib+ a habit :i* is ! curse & ru9 ( too _m ,*ri/ian l&s4 ,& x is a di/9ct blot ^u ! ,*ri/ian ,*ur* 9 ,india t _m ( its foll[]s1 9 ?is l& ( sobriety & ab/95ce1 s easily fall into ! temptation ( ! cup & become ! victims ( intemp]ance4 ,islam also en=ces ! law ( usury among its foll[]s4 ,) ! ,jew1 ! ,mohamm$an has be5 /rictly =bidd5 to make money by ! use ( money4 ,& ?\gh !y f9d ways ( evad+ ?is law1 to "s ext5t1 ! ideal :i* !y h be=e !m is a re/ra9t & a bless+ 9 a l& :]e ! usur] is a ubiquit\s curse1 because ( 8 rapacity & ! exp]tness ) :i* he draws ! common p into 8 net & leads millions to f9ancial loss & ru94 ,! supreme place giv5 9 ?is fai? to ! duty ( almsgiv+1 & ! effective way ) :i* x is c>ri$ out among its memb]s1 is ano!r praise-wor?y feature4 ,at ! "t ( _! political rule & ext5sive sway !re 0 a well-kn[n tax ^: purpose 0 to c>ry relief to ! poor & ! suff]+4 ,& ,mohamm$ans feel to-day t !re is h>dly a religi\s duty :i* is m sacr$ & c>ries ) x m ( rew>d ?an t ( di/ribut+ alms to ! poor4 ,f> m ?an ,*ri/ianity has x giv5 importance & di/9ction to ?is z a special =m ( its religi\s activity4 ,moreov]1 its comm& to obs]ve ! five seasons ( daily pray] is important1 ) a view to ma9ta9+ & en=c+ ! ord9>y =ms & obs]vances ( a liv+ fai?4 ,_m a "t h ,i be5 impress$ ) ! way ,mohamm$ans1 9 ?is l&1 fai?fully & boldly obs]ve ?is rule & privilege ( _! fai? by spread+ _! mats 9 mo/ unexpect$ places1 ev5 9 ! pres5ce ( gap+ cr[ds1 & pro/rat+ !mselves 9 pray] ) _! faces ,mecca-w>d z a pro( ( _! s9c]ity & z a te/imony to ! p[] ( _! religion4 ,b !re is no?+ 9 :i* ,islam ex]ts a m salut>y influ5ce 9 ?is ca/e-ridd5 l& ?an 9 its attitude t[>d ?is mon/] evil ( ,h9duism4 ,islam is nei!r f\nd$ ^u race1 col\r1 nor nationality4 ,x has be5 well said t 9 ,islam all believ]s belong to ! highe/ ca/e4 ,x recognizes to ! full ! bro!rhood ( all ! memb]s ( its fai?4 ,ev5 its slaves h be5 exalt$ to its ?rone & h a*iev$ highe/ di/9ction4 ,! la/ c5sus correctly says3 ,on its social side1 ! religion ( ,mohamm$ is equally oppos$ to ! ,h9du s*eme ( a hi]>*y ( ca/es1 an elaborate /ratification ( society bas$ ^u subtle di/9ctions ( food1 dress1 dr9k1 m>riage1 & c]emonial usage4 ,9 ! sight ( ,god & ( ,8 ,prophet all foll[]s ( ,islam are equal4 ,9 ,india1 h[ev]1 ca/e is 9 ! air2 its contagion has spread ev5 to ! ,mohamm$ans2 & we f9d its evolution proce$+ on *>act]i/ically ,h9du l9es4 ,9 bo? communities1 =eign desc5t =ms ! highe/ claim to social di/9ction2 9 bo?1 promotion come? f ! ,we/4 ,z ! twice-born ,aryan is to ! mass ( ,h9dus1 s is ! ,mohamm$an ( alleg$ ,arab1 ,p]sian1 ,afghan1 or ,mogul orig9 to ! rank & file ( 8 coreligioni/s4 ,i admit t !re are social di/9ctions & class cleavages among ! memb]s ( ?is fai?1 z among all peoples4 ,^! are 9 no s5se religi\s1 h[ev]1 z !y are 9 ,h9duism4 ,among ! memb]s ( t fai? !re is equality ( "r2 & e ,islamite1 by 8 own indu/ry & "*1 c enjoy t "r 9 ?is l&4 ,x is true t ,islam has yet to le>n ! bro!rhood ( man z su*1 & to recognize t ! non-,mussulman & ! ,mussulman alike are possess$ ( equal rights & fav\rs 9 ! sight ( ,god4 ,b )9 ! fai? itself1 ca/e1 z su*1 is unkn[n4 ,?is is mu* m ?an c be said ( ! ,indian ,*ri/ian ,*ur* at ! pres5t day1 not)/&+ ! _s ( our religion & its def9ite injunctions4 ,! ,h9du ca/e sy/em has be5 transf]r$ too mu* into ! ,*ri/ian fold4 ,mo/ ( ! accessions f ,h9duism to ,mohamm$anism at ! pres5t "t are f ! l[e/ classes ( ,h9duism1 ) a view to secur+ a def9itely high] social /atus :i* ,mohamm$anism di/9ctly promises & inv>iably conf]s ^u ^! newcom]s4 ,x 7 well if mod]n conv]ts to ,*ri/ianity f ! outca/s c\ld hope = & receive f ! ,h9dus ! same recogniz$ advance 9 social position & e/eem by becom+ memb]s ( our religion1 z !y d by ent]+ ! fai? ( ,islam4 ,?is is n ! fault ( ,*ri/ianity1 b ! folly ( its conv]ts1 :o d n leave _! hea!ni% conceptions & e/imates outside ! prec9cts ( ,*ri/ianity4 ,?is diff]5ce1 :i* ,i h emphasiz$1 is1 z might be expect$1 m m>k$ & manife/ 9 ,s\? ,india ?an else:]e4 ,a ,*ri/ian work] 9 ?is l& _c help envy+ ,islam ! noble /& :i* x has tak5 conc]n+ ca/e4 ,at ! pres5t "t ! ,muslims ( ,india are divid$ into two sects1 some?+ l ! ,ca?olics & ,prote/ants ( ,*ri/ianity4 ,! ,sunnis are ! traditioni/s1 & con/itute ! l>ge majority ( t fai?4 ,! ,%iahs are ! diss5t]s4 ,= twelve hundr$ ye>s has ?is division exi/$1 & ! two p>ties are z irreconcilable to-day z ev]4 ,!re is also a sect ( my/ics kn[n z ,sufis4 ,9 ! sev5te5? c5tury a new sect ( ,puri/s 0 =m$ 9 ,arabia4 ,!y reject ! glosses ( ,immams1 w n accept ! au?ority ( ! ,sultan1 & make light ( ! great ,prophet himself4 ,!y are a fanatical sect & delight 9 proclaim+ jihad1 or holy w>1 aga9/ ! infidels4 ,^! are ! ,wahabbis4 ,?is sect 0 introduc$ to ,india by ,sayad ,ahm$ ,%ah1 & x has ga9$ _m conv]ts4 ,x is l>gely a movem5t t[>d re=m+ ! fai? f )94 ,9 _s1 x is n v unlike ! movem5t ( ! fanatics kn[n z ,ghazis1 ^: zeal burns aga9/ all infidels1 especially ^? ( ! ,european ,*ri/ian type4 ,,iii ,:at is ! ,"* ( ! ,mohamm$an ,population 9 ,india8 ,x w be int]e/+ to appraise !m l>gely by comp>+ !m ) ! ,h9du population :i* surr\nds !m4 ,g5]ally speak+1 !y are morally on a level ) _! neighb\rs4 ,9 ,s\? ,india1 especially1 x is difficult to discrim9ate betwe5 ! e?ical /&>ds :i* obta9 among ,mohamm$ans & ,h9dus4 ,9 bo? cases !y are l[ & unwor?y4 ,?is is unexpect$1 z ,islam has always /ood = a wor?y e?ical /&+1 :ile ,h9duism has1 f "t immemorial1 divorc$ morality f piety4 ,nev]!less1 x is a fact t ^? :o h pass$ on f ,h9duism to ,mohamm$anism h r>ely asc5d$ 9 ! e?ical /&>d ( life4 ,! p]sonal habits ( ! ,indian ,mussulman are n clean1 to say ! lea/ ( !m4 ,9 ?is !y are a contra/ to ! ,brahmans1 & to "s o!r high-class ,h9dus1 ^: c]emonial ablutions are _m4 ,9 ,s\? ,india1 ! ,mohamm$an is describ$ by a v]nacul> expression :i* is z uncomplim5t>y z x is fil?y1 & :i* is int5d$ to classify !m among ! l[e/ 9 _! habits4 ,:5 *ol]a & simil> epidemics prevail 9 ! regions ) :i* ,i am famili>1 ! ,mohamm$an1 ) ! ,p>iah1 on acc\nt ( unclean habits1 becomes ! fir/ victim ( its ravages4 ,add to ?is _! /rong belief 9 fate1 :i* leads !m1 dur+ ^! epidemics1 to neglect or to decl9e ! use ( m$ical rem$ies4 ,_m a ,muslim p]i%es dur+ su* times because ( 8 fatali/ic convictions4 ,!y are also among ! mo/ ignorant ( all classes 9 ,india4 ,:ile1 9 ! total population ( ! l&1 h>dly m ?an #e p] c5t are1 9 any s5se1 lit]ate1 ! ,mohamm$ans1 z a class1 h only #c p] c5t4 ,& ( ! ,mohamm$an population ne>ly all ! wom5 are analphabet4 ,9 ! educational sy/em ( ,india ! gov]nm5t places ,mohamm$ans among ! backw>d classes1 & e ef=t has be5 made by ! ,/ate1 ev5 to ! d\bl+ ( educational grants1 to /imulate ! memb]s ( ?is fai? on educational l9es4 ,x is "o ( ! mo/ disc\rag+ facts connect$ ) ! ,muslim population t :ile !y are brave 9 be>+ arms & loyal to ! gov]nm5t1 !y h an app>5t av]sion to ! s*oolh\se1 & c ) difficulty be induc$ to secure ev5 an elem5t>y education4 ,?is be>s v heavily aga9/ _! prosp]ity & influ5ce4 ,public (fices 9 ,india are wisely plac$ 9 *>ge ( ^? :o are compet5t1 by a ?or\gh tra9+ & a broad education1 to well fill !m4 ,! consequ5ce is t ! ,mohamm$an has be5 gradually driv5 out f ne>ly all public positions ( tru/ by ! intellectually m al]t ,brahman1 & ev5 by l[]-class ,h9dus1 :o are avail+ !mselves ( ! opportunities = high] education4 ,x is n /range t ! political influ5ce ( ?is community has correspond+ly wan$1 s t only a v small numb] relatively ( ,muslims is f\nd to-day 9 ! c\ncils ( ! ,empire4 ,a new ambition1 h[ev]1 seems to be tak+ possession ( ! community4 ,!y h rec5tly organiz$ _m s*ools "u ! direction ( ,! ,society = ! ,aid ( ,islam4 ,^! s*ools1 )\t neglect+ ! /udy ( ! ,quran & _! sacr$ language & ! t5ets ( _! fai?1 give in/ruction on we/]n l9es1 & 9 ! ,engli% language4 ,!y h e/abli%$1 also1 "u ! inspiration ( ! late ,sir ,sayid ,ahm$ ,khan1 a college at ,alig>h4 ,?\gh ! rationali/ic tea*+ ( ! f\nd] causes ! in/itution to be discr$it$ by or?odox lead]s1 ! college has develop$ wond]fully1 & is beg9n+ to assume ! proportions ( a ,muslim ,univ]sity4 ,( ?is in/itution a le>n$ ,mussulman rem>k$ 9 an address3-- ,we want ,alig>h to be su* a home ( le>n+ z to comm& ! same respect ( s*ol>s z ,b]l9 or ,ox=d1 ,leipsic or ,p>is4 ,& we want ^? bran*es ( le>n+ relative to ,islam :i* are fa/ fall+ into decay to be add$ by ,moslem s*ol>s to ! /ock ( ! _w's k4 ,&1 above all1 we want to create = our p an intellectual & moral capital--a city :i* %all be ! home ( elevat$ ideas & pure ideals2 a c5tre f :i* light & guidance %all be diffus$ among ! ,moslems ( ,india4 ,mu* may be expect$ f ! in/itution4 ,b :at is "o su* s*ool among ! _m millions ( ?is community 9 ,india8 ,gov]nm5t is anxi\s to aid & inspire ! community on ^! l9es2 & ! pres5t success ( ! in/itution is1 9 good "p1 ow+ to ! smile ( ! ,/ate ^u x4 ,! rec5t organization ( ! ,pan-,islamic ,movem5t is full ( hope4 ,! lead+ repres5tatives ( ! community 9 ,india seem anxi\s & det]m9$ to r\se _! coreligioni/s f _! le?>gy & to create )9 !m a new ambition = a high] & a m hon\rable place 9 intellig5ce & (ficial usefulness4 ,?is is mu* ne$$1 because ! community has rea*$ its l[e/ ebb ( influ5ce among ! p4 ,9 ! pres5t unre/ ,mohamm$ans ma9ly /& ) ! gov]nm5t aga9/ ! ,h9du ,extremi/s4 ,!y wisely realize t ! ,briti% ,raj pres5ts to !m1 z a community1 f> bett] opportunity & l>g] fav\rs ?an w\ld accrue to !m "u any o!r possible gov]nm5t1 ev5 ?\gh _! w>like traits might lead !m once m to subdue & rule ! l& !mselves4 ,,iv ,*ri/ian ,ef=t 9 ,india 9 ,behalf ( ! ,mussulman ,mission>ies h ev]y:]e pres5t$ to ,mohamm$an & ,h9du alike ! ,gospel ,message4 ,! foll[] ( ,mohamm$ has nev] be5 ignor$ 9 ! proclaim+ ( ,*ri/ & 9 ! "w ( ! ,mission s*ool4 ,g5]ally speak+1 !y are a v h>d class to rea*2 !y v r>ely seem impress$1 or are will+ to consid] ! message z a p]sonal call to !mselves4 ,! high "* ( _! fai? above t ( ! surr\nd+ p p>tly acc\nts = ?is4 ,moreov]1 ! religion itself inculcates intol]ance1 & naturally n>r[s ! vision ( appreciation & sympa?y among/ its foll[]s4 ,x is also1 9 "s measure1 due to _! supreme ignorance ( ! tea*+ ( _! own fai?4 ,!y h _m fanta/ic notions ab\t ,islam1 su* z intellig5t memb]s ( _! fai? repudiate1 & su* z make !m inaccessible to ! ,*ri/ian work]4 ,& yet !y are n rea*$ & impress$ ) m difficulty ?an are ! ,brahmans & "s o!r high-class ,h9dus4 ,?\gh conv]sions f among !m h be5 relatively few1 accessions f ,islam to ! ,*ri/ian fai? h be5 cont9u\s dur+ ! la/ c5tury4 ,!re h n be5 _m mass movem5ts among !m4 ,x has be5 l>gely ! /ruggle ( individual s\ls f ! trammels ( "o fai? into ! lib]ty ( ! o!r4 ,dr4 ,:]ry in=ms u t3 ,9 ! ,nor?1 especially ! ,punjab1 & ! ,nor?we/ ,fronti] ,prov9ce1 e congregation has a repres5tation f ! ,moslem ranks4 ,"s ( ! *ur*es h a majority ( _! memb]%ip ga!r$ f among/ ! ,mussulmans4 ,9 a few cases !re has be5 some?+ l a movem5t among ,moslems t[>d ,*ri/ianity1 & a consid]able numb] h come out at "o "t4 ,b p]haps ! fact t tells mo/ cle>ly ! /ory ( ! advance ( ,*ri/ianity among ,moslems 9 ,india1 is ?is1 t among ! native pa/ors & ,*ri/ian prea*]s & tea*]s 9 ,nor? ,india !re are at lea/ two hundr$ :o 7 once foll[]s ( ,islam4 ,among ! names ( ^? :o h gone to _! rew>d 7_m ( !m1 aft] long lives ( fai?ful s]vice71 "s ( my read]s w recall ! names ( ! ,rev4 ,maulvie ,imadudd91 ,d4,d41 ,maulvie ,safd> ,ali1 ,e4,a4,c41 ,mun%i ,mohamm$ ,hanif1 ,sayyad ,abdullah ,a?im1 ,e4,a4,c41 ! ,rev4 ,rajab ,ali1 ,sa9 ,gumu ,%ah1 ! ,rev4 ,abdul ,masih1 ! ,rev4 ,asraf ,ali1 ! ,rev4 ,jani ,ali1 & ,dilawur ,khan4 ,^! fai?ful s]vants ( ,god h left beh9d !m memories :i* /ill live4 ,_m ( !m h bequea!d volumes ( lit]ature1 :i* h add$ mu* to ! lit]>y weal? ( all ! *ur*es4 ,!y give an index :]e) to guide u z to :at ! /r5g? & "* ( ! ,*ur* ( ! future w be :5 ! /rong *ampions ( ! ,cresc5t %all h become ! ,*ampions ( ! ,cross4 ,we are also told by ! ,rev4 ,maulvie ,imadudd91 ,d4,d41 ( ,nor? ,india1 t #aag m5 ( position & influ5ce h become ,*ri/ians1 ( :om #fb became cl]gy & lead+ m5 9 _m ( ! ,indian ,missions1 & #ea are g5tlem5 occupy+ positions pr(essional & (ficial4 ,out ( #ief baptisms ( ! ,*ur* ,mission>y ,society 9 ! ,amrits> ,di/rict1 #aeb 7 ,mohamm$an conv]ts4 ,9 ! ,punjab !re are at lea/ two congregations made up entirely ( ,mohamm$ans1 :ile 9 ,b5gal !re is a body ( m ?an #fjjj ,*ri/ians compos$ almo/ entirely ( ,mohamm$an conv]ts & _! desc5dants1 a l>ge numb] hav+ come ov] en masse "s ye>s ago4 ,^! la/ 7 conv]ts 9 ! fir/ in/ance f ,h9duism to ,mohamm$anism1 & h5ce 7 n b\nd s /rongly to ,islam4 ,9 ,s\? ,india1 less att5tion has be5 paid to ,mohamm$ans z a class1 & ! results !re=e h be5 v meagre4 ,a few individuals1 "h & !re1 h accept$ our fai?1 & t is practically all4 ,?is is n /range :5 we rememb] t out ( ! elev5 hundr$ ,prote/ant mission>ies1 male & female1 9 ,s\!rn ,india1 p]haps n a doz5 h any special tra9+ & aptitude = "w among ,mohamm$ans1 & h>dly m ?an t numb] are giv+ !mselves entirely to ! "w4 ,! difficulty ( ?is "w %\ld appeal m ?an x does to ! h]oic elem5t 9 mission>ies & mission>y societies alike4 ,! above facts indicate t !re is enc\ragem5t = "o :o gives himself he>tily to ?is p4 ,9 no o!r l& has mission>y ef=t = ! memb]s ( ?is religion a*iev$ great] results ?an 9 ,india4 ,if _! numb]s are few1 !y are m resolute & pron\nc$ 9 _! ,*ri/ian "* ?an _m o!rs4 ,9 ! roll ( hon\r among ! conv]ts f ,islam h be5 f\nd ! names ( a numb] ( di/+ui%$ pa/ors & able writ]s4 ,9 ! rec5t ,conf]5ce ( ,mission>ies1 held 9 ,cairo1 a new purpose 0 manife/$ to take up ) m discrim9at+ & pron\nc$ zeal & bett] me?ods ! "w ( rea*+ & conv]t+ ! ,mohamm$ans ( ! _w4 ,9 ,india1 a bett] organiz$ & a wid] campaign = ! conv]sion ( ,islam is ne$$4 ,m5 & wom5 :o are to take up "w 9 _! behalf mu/ n only be well tra9$ = ?is specific "w by a ?or\gh k ( bo? fai?s2 !y mu/ also be imbu$ ) abundant sympa?y = ! p1 & ) a sympa!tic appreciation ( ! vital tru?s :i* h ?us f> animat$ ! ,mohamm$an fai?4 ,! con/ructive1 r ?an ! de/ructive1 me?od ( activity mu/ increas+ly animate all4 ,! ,mohamm$ans are peculi>ly s5sitive2 & !re is s mu* ( contact betwe5 _! fai? & ours t ?r\gh ! pa?way ( ! h>monies ( ! fai?s m5 mu/ be l$ to "k & feel ! supreme excell5ce & p[] ( ! fai? ( ! ,*ri/4 ,,*apt] ,,xii ,,! ,,*ri/ ,,& ,,! ,,buddha ,! /udy ( ! life & ! "* ( not$ & noble m5 is ! mo/ helpful & inspir+ ( all /udies4 ,x n only illu/rates life at its be/1 x also fills m5 ) an ambition to pursue ! same noble purposes & to a*ieve ! same l(ty results 9 life4 ,9 pres5t+ a brief glimpse ( ! two mo/ p[]ful p]sonalities t ev] impress$ !mselves ^u ! _w1 ,i desire to place !m side by side t we may appreciate ! assonances & ! dissonances ( _! wond]ful lives & rise ?r\gh ! /udy into a true conception & love ( ! mo/ p]fect ,life ev] brea!d ^u e>?4 ,i h no apology to (f]1 z a ,*ri/ian1 = comp>+ ! life ( our ,"l ) t ( any human be+2 =1 ?\gh ,div9e1 ,he 0 also supremely human2 & human glory & a*ievem5t appe> 9 _! fulness only :5 we gaze ^u ,him z "o ( ! mighty human =ces ( hi/ory4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,greate/ ,,image ,,( ,,buddha 7#ahc feet long7 ,*ri/ & ,buddha liv$ _! brief lives ^u e>? _m c5turies ago2 & yet nev] did !y grip s _m by ! magic ( _! attraction z !y d at pres5t4 ,ne>ly two-?irds ( ! :ole population ( ! _w to-day ackn[l$ges ! lord%ip ( ! "o or ! o!r ( ^! & loves to be call$ by _! names4 ,! influ5ce ( ! "o dom9ates all ! life ( ! ,we/1 :ile t ( ! o!r is supreme 9 ! ,ea/4 ,& x is a curi\s & int]e/+ fact t ,buddha has n only be5 exalt$ z ! n9? inc>nation ( ,vi%nu 9 ! fai? :i* he aim$ to ov]?r[1 he has also be5 adopt$ into ! ,roman ,ca?olic ,cal5d> & is wor%ipp$ on ! #bg? ( ,novemb] z a ,*ri/ian sa9t "u ! title ,sa9t ,josaphat4 ,i am also conv9c$ t ! influ5ce ( ! lives & tea*+s ( ,buddha & ,*ri/ w react ^u ea* o!r ) ev] increas+ p[] dur+ ! com+ ye>s4 ,inde$1 we are n[ witness+ ?is v influ5ce develop+ be=e our eyes4 ,i ,let u fir/ obs]ve ! conditions "u :i* ^! two liv$ _! e>?ly lives4 ,"o 0 born into royal pr]ogatives & spl5d\r & 0 surr\nd$ 9 y\? ) all ! luxuries & bl&i%m5ts ( an ,ori5tal c\rt4 ,! o!r1 ?\gh ( royal l9eage1 0 born 9 pov]ty1 cradl$ 9 a mang]1 e>n$ a meagre subsi/5ce z a c>p5t]1 & 0 able to say at ! end ( ,8 brief c>e] t ! foxes _h holes & ! birds ( ! air _h ne/s1 b t ,he _h n :]e to lay ,8 head4 ,sidh>t?an e>ly m>ri$ & became a fa!r1 b lat] r5\nc$ all ! pleasures & responsibilities ( a griha/an life4 ,8 great r5unciation is "o ( ! mo/ /rik+ & impressive acts 9 ! hi/ory ( mank9d1 & 8 subsequ5t asceticism 0 ( ! mo/ ?or\gh & rigid type4 ,jesus ( ,naz>e? avoid$ ! entanglem5ts ( m>ri$ life & _h a supreme contempt = ! weal? & ! pomp ( ! _w4 ,yet ,he 0 n an ascetic4 ,s freely did ,he associate ) m51 p>ticipat+ ev5 9 _! fe/ivities1 t ,8 enemies falsely *>g$ ,him ) be+ a glutton & a w9ebibb]4 ,he nev] c\nt5anc$ ! idea t highe/ sa9?ood mu/ come ?r\gh asceticism4 ,he f\nd ,8 intimates n among ! ascetic ,ess5es1 b among h\sehold]s & m5 ( affairs4 ,bo? ^! great s\ls 7 simil>ly oppress$ by ! preval5ce & ! tyranny ( an exclusive c]emonialism4 ,9 ! "o case1 x 0 ! innum]able bloody sacrifices & ! all-embrac+ & cru%+ ritual ( ! ,brahmans :i* r\s$ ! ang] & opposition ( ,gautama2 :ile1 on ! o!r h&1 ! myriad rites1 ! *ildi% c]emonies1 & ! holl[ religi\s hypocrisy ( ! ,scribes & ,ph>isees fill$ ,jesus ) hatr$ & l$ ,him to a d5unciation ( t :ole class4 ,woe unto y1 ,scribes & ,ph>isees1 0 ! (t-repeat$ expression ( wra? :i* ,he heap$ ^u !m4 ,?us ! religions :i* bo? e/abli%$ 71 9 "p1 reactions f ! religi\s excesses & errors ( ! days 9 :i* !y liv$4 ,x is /range t nei!r ,*ri/ nor ,buddha left any writ+s beh9d !m1 ev5 ?\gh writ+ 0 a kn[n art 9 _! times4 ,_! mighty influ5ce 0 ?r\gh oral tea*+ & example4 ,?is 0 diff]5t f ! me?od ( o!r su* _w-lead]s z ,moses1 ,mohamm$1 & ,confucius4 ,x proves t :5ev] any "o has tru?s ( sav+ p[] to commit to ! _w1 !re are _m :o1 z 8 mess5g]s1 are ready to convey !m4 ,bett] inde$ ?an to convey "o's ?\ghts by pr9t$ page is x to imp>t !m ?r\gh ! liv+ voice to disciples :o w ?rill ! _w by ! message col\r$ by _! own m9d & transfigur$ by _! own en?usiasm4 ,?is 0 ! me?od ( ,*ri/ & ,buddha4 ,bo? 7 surr\nd$ by an ,ori5tal environm5t4 ,_! antec$5ts & _! prepossessions 7 ( ! ,ea/1 ea/]n2 & at _! bir?s !y 7 introduc$ to sc5es & began to brea! ! atmosph]e ( ! ,ori5t4 ,all ! great f\nd]s ( ! ,_w ,religions 7 m5 ( ! ,ea/4 ,?is 0 d\btless because ! ,ea/ kept m closely ?an ! ,we/ 9 t\* ) deepe/ religi\s ?\ght & 0 animat$ ) highe/ religi\s emotions & heav5ly aspirations4 ,c]ta9ly ! _w owes m to anci5t ,asia = its religi\s life & spiritual atta9m5ts ?an to all ! o!r cont95ts put toge!r4 ,& ,asia is to be ?ank$1 above all1 because %e gave to mank9d ! ,*ri/ & ! ,buddha4 ,= ! ea/]n flav\r ( _! messages & ! ,ori5tal t9ts ( _! life we are deeply grateful4 ,to ^? ( ! ,we/1 ^! h always br\ght quiet re/ra9t & a hall[$1 peaceful repose to c\nt]act ! hurry & worry ( life to :i* !y are s mu* expos$ & :i* are a "p ( _! v be+4 ,,ii ,! ,common ,pr9ciples :i* controll$ _! ,lives ,bo? 7 m5 ( deepe/ s9c]ity4 ,all %am & hypocrisy 7 =eign to _! nature2 !y held ins9c]ity 9 any "o to be ! meane/ & mo/ deadly s94 ,to ?is int5se loyalty to ! tru?1 ,jesus bore emphatic te/imony by an e>ly m>tyrdom2 :ile ,gautama gave ! same unwav]+ witness by a long & holy life4 ,!y bo? /ood 9 ! mid/ ( communities :i* 7 rott5 ) hypocrisy & :i* 7 us+ religion z a sacr$ g>b ( duplicity & 7 rais+ temples ( di%one/y to enrag$ deity4 ,!y /ood l prophets 9 ! wild]ness & pron\nc$ woe ^u all hypocrites4 ,moreov]1 bo? ,*ri/ & ,buddha 7 pr(\ndly e?ical 9 _! tea*+4 ,!y f\nd t humanity 0 n only rott5 ) ins9c]ity1 x 0 also deceiv+ itself ) ! va9 delusion t moral integrity & e?ical nobility c be b>t]$ = a multitud9\s c]emonial4 ,m5 h always be5 prone to exalt ritual 9 proportion z !y h neglect$ ! et]nal dem&s ( consci5ce & ! e?ical f\ndation ( "*4 ,! myriad-tongu$ c]emonial ( ! ,brahmans ( tw5ty-five c5turies ago 0 ! old evasion ( righte\sness 9 human life4 ,gautama saw ?is1 & 8 noble s\l rebell$ aga9/ a fai? :i* proclaim$ t salvation 0 a ?+ ( outw>d religi\s =ms & n ( ! he>t )94 ,to cease f all s91 ,to get virtue1 ,to cleanse our own he>t1 ,?is is ! religion ( ! ,buddhas4 ,^! 7 ! words ) :i* he enunciat$ 8 new pr9ciples & c>ri$ =w>d 8 campaign ( reaction aga9/ ! fai? ( 8 fa!rs4 ,no?+ less ?an1 or ap>t f1 purity ( ! s\l )9 satisfi$ 8 requirem5t4 ,inde$1 he exalt$ s mu* ! m highly ?is bann] ( he>t purity & hol9ess1 ! less he _h to say ( ! spiritual claims ^u ! s\l4 ,he _h tri$ elaborate c]emonial & _h f\nd x want+2 he _h practis$ ! mo/ sev]e religi\s au/]ities1 b !y _h avail$ him little4 ,9 ! quiet light :i* _h dawn$ ^u him "u ! sacr$ ,boh tree he f\nd t no?+ wr\ght s mightily & b5efic5tly z ,dh>ma1 or righte\sness4 ,! real treasure is t laid by man or woman1 ,?r\gh *>ity or piety1 temp]ance & self-control4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! treasure ?us hid is secure1 & passes n away2 444 ?is a man takes ) him4 ,let no man ?9k lightly ( s91 say+ 9 8 he>t1 ',x _c ov]take me4' ,^! are only a few ( ! _m noble e?ical deliv]ances ( ?is great man's cre$4 ,& dur+ all 8 life1 subsequ5t to ! great r5unciation1 he embodi$ 9 himself ! e?ical beauty ( all t he _h taught4 ,& :at %all ,i say ( ,jesus1 ! ,*ri/8 ,9 ! noble integrity ( ,8 he>t1 9 ! sublime e?ical ideals :i* ,he ev] exalt$1 9 ! moral rectitude :i* ,he practis$ & enjo9$ ^u all ,8 foll[]s1 :o 0 l unto ,him8 ,9 ,8 day1 also1 m5 _h =gott5 ! true f\ndation ( "*2 & ! religi\s lead]s ( ! p 7 plac+ supreme emphasis ^u human traditions & ^u man-made rites z ! way ( salvation4 ,!y ti!d ! m9t & ! cumm9 & =got ! weighti] matt]s ( ! law4 ,to eat ) unwa%$ h&s1 to consort ) a ,sam>itan1 to c>ry a load or raise a %eep f ! dit* on ! ,sabba?1--?is 0 a s9 :i*1 to ! ,ph>isees1 w\ld weigh a man d[n to hell itself2 :ile to lie or to use o!r f\l language1 or to trample "u foot ! :ole decalogue 01 by comp>ison1 a v5ial (f5ce4 ,! :ole moral code 0 r5d]$ impot5t by !m1 :ile c]emonial cleans+ 0 ! be-all & end-all ( _! sy/em4 ,*ri/ 0 daily ?r[n into conflict ) ^! bl9d lead]s ( ! bl9d2 ,8 s\l abhorr$ _! :ole religi\s sy/em4 ,he *>act]iz$ !m z :it$ sepul*res4 ,he %[$ t x is ! he>t :i* defiles a man1 = out ( ! he>t proce$ evil ?\ghts1 murd]s1 adult]ies1 =nications1 !fts1 false witness1 blasphemies4 ,bless$1 says ,he1 are ! pure 9 he>t1 = !y %all see ,god4 ,x 0 said to !m ( old ?\ %alt n kill2 b ,*ri/ equally prohibit$ ang]1 ! cause ( murd]4 ,he n only d5\nc$ adult]y1 b ! lu/ful look :i* is ! s\rce ( adult]y4 ,to ,8 foll[]s ,he said unless y\r righte\sness exce$ ! righte\sness ( ! ,scribes & ,ph>isees ye %all n ent] into ! k+dom ( heav54 ,he pray$ ! ,fa!r t ,he w\ld sanctify ,8 own1 & add$ t = _! sakes ,he sanctifi$ ,himself4 ,hol9ess 0 a passion ) ,him1 & at ! basis ( ,8 tea*+ ,he enjo9$ moral cleanness & e?ical integrity4 ,& ,8 life 9 ?is1 z 9 o!r ?+s1 0 a p]fect exhibition ( ! virtues :i* ,he taught4 ,& f t day to ?is ,8 precept & example h mutually support$ ea* o!r4 ,9 ,him 7 w$d$ fai? & consci5ce1 piety & "*4 ,s t1 :]e ,*ri/ is be/ kn[n & mo/ loyally foll[$ to-day1 !re d we f9d a p]fect s5se ( human relations & a supreme desire aft] e?ical p]fection4 ,fur!rmore1 ^! two great s\ls 7 consum$ ) a broad & univ]sal *>ity4 ,_! environm5t 0 p]haps ! mo/ av]se to g5]al b5evol5ce t ! _w c\ld !n %[4 ,9 ,india1 !re _h already gr[n to great p[] ! ca/e sy/em ) its multiply+ ramifications4 ,!n1 z n[1 x n>r[$ ! sympa?ies ( m51 x array$ "o class aga9/ ano!r1 x cultivat$ pride & fo/]$ mutual di/ru/ & diss5sion4 ,:5 ,sakya ,muni came ^u ! sc5e1 he saw ! t]ribly divisive sy/em s5d+ d[n its root l ! banyan tree on all sides & absorb+ ! life & ?\ght ( ! p4 ,x repell$ him1 &1 ) all 8 mighty intellectual & moral en]gy1 he attack$ x4 ,he proclaim$ all m5 bro!rs & wor?y ( human sympa?y1 love1 & respect4 ,he op5$ ! door ( 8 fai? to all classes on equal t]ms4 ,he vehem5tly oppos$ e ef=t to divide m5 except ^u ! gr\nd ( "*4 ,he enjo9$ ^u 8 disciples n only love & k9dness to all m51 he also insi/$ ^u a simil> attitude t[>d all =ms ( l[] life4 ,! fact t ,buddhism is to-day "o ( ! ?ree great ,mission>y ,fai?s ( ! _w1 seek+ all m5 t are 9 d>kness1 is ! be/ pro( t ! f\nd] ( t fai? _h a he>t :i* embrac$ ! :ole realm ( life 9 its love4 ,he felt t no man1 h[ev] humble or h[ev] f> remov$ 9 ties ( race & k9%ip1 %\ld be depriv$ ( ! bless+s ( 8 love & sympa?y4 ,x is an int]e/+ fact t ne>ly all pa/ religi\s re=m]s 9 ,india--bo? ^? inside & outside ! pale ( ,brahmanism--7 anti-ca/e 9 _! sympa?ies & tea*+4 ,b x is only ,buddha :o consi/5tly ma9ta9$ ! broad f\ndation ( a univ]sal bro!rhood & incorporat$ x into 8 fai? z a c>d9al pr9ciple4 ,9 l mann]1 ,jesus ( ,naz>e? liv$ ,8 e>?ly life at a "t ( n>r[ sympa?ies1 & ) p :o 7 among ! mo/ exclusive t ev] liv$ on e>?4 ,! ,jews believ$ !mselves to be ! specially fav\r$ sons ( ,heav54 ,&1 :at 0 m1 !y ?\ght t !y 7 exalt$ because !y 7 wor?y1 because !y excell$ all o!r p4 ,h5ce1 !y /ood alo( f o!r nationalities & despis$ !m z _! inf]iors1 a social & physical contact ) :om w\ld be pollution4 ,!re is 9 _m respects a /range correspond5ce betwe5 ! ,jewi% social code ( tw5ty c5turies ago & t ( ,h9duism to-day--! same haughty mi5 & abjectness ( _s--! alo(ness ( pride & ! cr++ meanness ( social bondage--repres5t+ ! two extremes ( society4 ,*ri/ also turn$ ,8 face l a fl9t aga9/ ?is mean artificial classification ( m54 ,he _h a burn+ contempt = ! pr\d ,ph>isee :o liv$ ^u ! husks ( 8 own contempt ( o!rs1 & :o trampl$ "u foot m5 t 7 inf9itely sup]ior to himself1 s f> z "* 0 conc]n$4 ,b ,he consort$ (t5 ) ! outca/ ,publican :o reveal$ an aspiration aft] bett] ?+s4 ,& ,he ev5 *ose m5 :o 7 ?us socially o/raciz$ to ent] ,8 own inn] circle ( disciples & to be ! /&>d-be>]s ( ,8 cause ^u e>?4 ,he taught t ! mo/ abject & socially subm]g$ man ^u e>? is a son ( ,god1 & t at 8 moral & spiritual r5ovation !re w\ld be joy among ! d5iz5s ( heav54 ,& x 0 :ile ?9k+ ( ?is same class t ,he said unto ,8 own1 9 describ+ ! judgm5t sc5e at ! la/ great day1 ,come1 ye bless$ ( my fa!r1 inasmu* z ye h treat$ k9dly & lov+ly "o ( ! lea/ ( my bre?r5 ye h done x unto me1 ent] ye into ! joy ( y\r ,"l4 ,?\gh ,he 0 born a ,jew1 ,he op5$ wide ! portals ( ,8 religion & invit$ all m5 ( all conditions4 ,come unto me1 all ye t are we>y & heavy lad51 & ,i w give y re/4 ,he s5t =? ,8 foll[]s into all l&s to disciple & br+ to ! tru? all nations4 ,& 9 all l&s ,8 me?od ( proc$ure has be5 to rea* fir/ ! l[e/ among ! p & !n gradually to rise to ! highe/1 until ,he has tak5 possession ( ! :ole l&4 ,8 univ]sal he>t ( love took 9 all m5 ( all social /rata4 ,all t ,he ask$ 0 t m5 %\ld come to ,him ) purpose s9c]e & ) a long+ = light & tru?4 ,,iii ,! ,pr9ciples & ,tea*+s :i* diff]5tiate & sep>ate ,*ri/ & ,buddha ,?us f> we h se5 ^! two great lead]s ( m5 /&+ side by side & reveal+ ! same traits & pr9ciples4 ,b !y also reveal$ fundam5tal diff]5ces :i* x 7 well = u to consid]4 ,?\gh mu* unit$ !m1 & t :5 m ?an five c5turies & ?\s&s ( miles held !m ap>t1 we also discov] t a gulf wid] ?an t ( "t or space op5$ betwe5 !m4 ,_! lives & _! doctr9es & ! fai?s :i* !y promulgat$ reveal /rangely div]se cont5tions & t5d5cies4 7#a7 ,fir/ ( all1 & at ! root ( all1 lies _! attitude t[>d ! ,div9e ,be+4 ,jesus 0 preem95tly a ,god-intoxicat$ ,be+1 :ile ! mo/ manife/ m5tal attitude ( ,gautama 0 8 agno/icism4 ,*ri/ nev] ceas$ speak+ ( & commun+ ) ,8 ,fa!r 9 heav54 ,he 0 wont to retire regul>ly f human society 9 ord] t ,he might enjoy ! ,heav5ly ,pres5ce ^: v radiance %one 9 & ^u ,him daily4 ,he decl>$ t ,he did no?+ )\t consult+ ) & receiv+ direction f ,god4 ,& ?is 0 natural en\gh :5 we rememb] ,8 decl>ation t ,he came into ! _w to reveal ! ,fa!r unto m54 ,li/5 to ,8 words1 ,my meat is to d ! w ( ,him t s5t me & to f9i% ,8 "w4 ,! ,fa!r t dwelle? 9 me doe? ! "w4 ,! ,fa!r is glorifi$ 9 ! ,son4 ,i love ! ,fa!r & g unto ,him4 ,believe/ ?\ n t ,i am 9 ! ,fa!r & ! ,fa!r 9 me8 ,oh1 righte\s ,fa!r1 ! _w ha? n kn[n ,!e1 b ,i h kn[n ,!e4 ,9 all ,8 expressions ( on5ess ) ,god1 ( ,8 liv+ unto ,god1 & ( ,8 draw+ ,8 daily /r5g? f ,god1 ,8 exp]i5ce 0 em95tly unique4 ,he liv$ m 9 heav5 ?an on e>? 9 ^? days ( ,8 inc>nation4 ,ap>t f any consid]ation ( ,8 ,div9ity1 ,he c truly be said to be a man ( ,god ^: s\l 0 9 h>mony ) ! ,fa!r4 ,h[ diff]5t ! words & exp]i5ces ( ,gautama ,ri%i6 ,_m h spok5 ( him z an a!i/4 ,i d n believe t he d5i$ ! exi/5ce ( ,god4 ,yet x is evid5tly true t he has no use 9 8 philosophy1 any m ?an 9 8 religion1 = a ,div9e ,be+4 ,!re 0 d\btless reason = ?is 9 ! conditions ( 8 "t2 = x may be reg>d$ z ! reaction ( a /rong m9d aga9/ ! extreme spiritualism & poly!ism ( ! day4 ,=1 9 ^? days1 ! deep spirituality ( ! ,brahman _h ov]fl[$ its banks & _h creat$ a multitud9\s pan!on :i* repell$ ?is man ( /]n m9d4 ,x 0 to him only a %ort /ep f a disbelief 9 ! _m gods to a d\bt z to ! exi/5ce ( any god4 ,& 9 ?is agno/icism he 0 d\btless aid$ by 8 fondness = ! ,sankya s*ool ( ?\ght1 :i* is ,indian ,agno/icism4 ,9 any case1 8 deliv]ances & 8 e/abli%$ religion1 if su* x really c be call$1 are su* a reaction f ! ,!osophy ( ,india z to lead "o to wond] h[1 ev5 ) all its o!r excell5ces1 x c\ld h become 9 ,india a ,/ate ,religion = any l5g? ( "t4 ,a religion )\t a ,god1 a sacrifice1 a prie/1 or a pray]1 is c]ta9ly a dre>y wild]ness to a ,god-seek+ s\l4 ,& yet1 ?is is :at ! ,buddha conceiv$ & promulgat$ among 8 disciples4 ,"u ! /ress ( a gr[+ consci\sness ( ! ills ( ?is life 8 m9d did n1 l t ( o!rs1 rise to heav5 = relief2 b 8 salvation 0 to be a self-wr\ght "o4 ,) 8 own "r arm ( virtue he wi%$ to c>ve 8 way into et]nal life--or1 %all ,i say1 et]nal dea?8 ,is x /range t "u su* a godless religi\s sy/em its vot>ies %\ld react f ?is fundam5tal error & deify & wor%ip t v ,buddha :o _h n a place = ,god 9 8 :ole s*eme ( life8 ,at any rate1 ,*ri/ & ,buddha /& be=e u 9 /rik+ contra/ 9 ?is matt]2 ! glory ( ! tea*+ ( ! "o 0 t ,he caus$ ,8 ador+ disciple to fall ^u 8 knees ) uplift$ eye & to say 9 filial rev]5ce & tru/1 ,our ,fa!r :o art 9 heav54 ,:ile ! o!r taught 8 foll[]s to lean only ^u self1 & to seek spe$y relief f life itself1 decl>+ t heav5 return$ only an empty1 mock+ e*o to ! helpless wail ( ! human s\l4 7#b7 ,correspond+ to ?is diff]5ce 0 ano!r diff]5ce 9 _! conception ( human life4 ,jesus ma9ta9$ t ! human s\l came f ,god1 0 made = ,god1 & t ,god ,himself 0 =ev] seek+ to br+ x unto ,himself4 ,accord+ to ,8 !ory ( life1 man is n left alone at any /age 9 8 c>e]4 ,he may decl9e to ent]ta9 ,god 9 8 life4 ,he may lead a life ( rebellion aga9/ 8 ,mak] & ,savi\r2 he may ev5 d5y ! v exi/5ce ( ! ,fa!r ( 8 be+4 ,b ,god1 9 ! ri*es ( ,8 inf9ite pati5ce1 does n des]t him to 8 own base ?\ght & life4 ,he foll[s him l a %eph]d se>*+ = 8 lo/ %eep4 ,he longs = 8 return l a t5d]1 =giv+ fa!r = ! return ( 8 prodigal son4 ,human life1 accord+ to ?is view1 may be mean & sordid & may be sp5t 9 ! grosse/ s92 b !re is hope4 ,all is n lo/ :ile !re is a sp>k ( life left4 ,god is /ill seek+ & try+ to br+ ! s\l to new life4 ,! million ag5ts ( ,8 lov+ w conspire to help man2 & s ! possibilities ( 8 life are /ill great4 ,?us1 to our ,"l ,*ri/1 ! vision ( human life 0 a bright & optimi/ic "o4 ,god w n leave man to himself4 ,he w br+ all ! res\rces ( heav5 & ( e>? to ! "w ( sav+ him4 ,god is 9 ,8 heav51 ,all's "r ) ! _w4 ,yes1 all is hopeful = man because ! ,fa!r is /ill seek+ him4 ,h[ diff]5t f ?is 0 ,gautama ,ri%i's view ( human life4 ,accord+ to him1 man is a lone1 helpless creature toss$ on ! sea ( de/9y4 ,he is ! only capta9 & /e]sman ( 8 b>que1 & 8 own reason is 8 only compass2 he mu/ battle alone ) ! waves ( circum/ances & f9d = himself ! unkn[n h>b\r ( peace4 ,!re is no heav5 above to he> 8 cry1 no help or r$emption outside ( self4 ,is x a wond] t life is a we>9ess1 & exi/5ce itself an unspeakable burd5 to su* a man8 ,?us ! ,buddha s\ght 9 va9 = light & *e] 9 life1 & pessimism became to him1 z x cont9ues to be to 8 foll[]s1 ! v atmosph]e ( life4 ,ev5 z 9 ,dante's vision ( ! ,inf]no1 s 9 ! ,temple ( ,buddha's s*eme ( life !re is inscrib$ above its portals ! words3 ,ab&on hope all ye :o ent] "h4 ,i c>e n :o ! man may be1 ,i humbly ma9ta9 t 8 s*eme ( life is s]i\sly wrong if x be a *e]less1 un9spir+ "o2 & x is p]fectly natural t m5 %\ld pref] to foll[ a confid5t1 buoyant lead] r ?an a he>tless1 despond5t "o4 ,if ,god rules ov] ! de/9ies ( man1 we h a "r to expect t success & bless+ w cr[n ! ef=ts ( ! s9c]e seek] aft] a bett] life4 ,man has receiv$ life n t he may de/roy x1 b t he may cultivate x & f9d 9 x life abundant4 ,a "y "m ^: *ild _h di$ c>ri$ ! dead body to ,buddha1 &1 do+ homage to him1 said1 ,"l & ,ma/]1 d y "k any m$ic9e t w be good = my *ild8 ,yes1 said ! tea*]1 ,i "k ( "s4 ,get me a h&ful ( mu/>d se$4 ,b :5 ! poor girl 0 hurry+ away to procure x1 he add$1 ,i require mu/>d se$ f a h\se :]e no son1 husb&1 p>5t1 or slave has di$4 ,v good1 said ! girl1 & w5t to ask = x1 c>ry+ /ill ! dead *ild a/ride on h] hip4 ,! p said1 ,"h is mu/>d se$2 b :5 %e ask$1 ,has !re di$ a son1 a husb&1 a p>5t1 or a slave 9 ?is h\se8 !y repli$3 ,lady1 :at is ?is t y ask8 ,! liv+ are few1 b ! dead are _m6 ,!n %e w5t to o!r homes1 b "o said1 ,i h lo/ my son2 ano!r1 ,i h lo/ my p>5ts2 ano!r1 ,i h lo/ my slave4 ,at la/1 n be+ able to f9d a s+le h\se :]e no "o _h di$1 %e began to ?9k1 ,?is is a heavy task t ,i am on4 ,& z h] m9d cle>$ %e summon$ up h] resolution1 left ! dead *ild 9 a h\se1 & return$ to ,buddha4 ,h y procur$ ! mu/>d se$8 he ask$4 ,i h n1 %e repli$4 ,! p ( ! village told me1 ',! liv+ are few1 b ! dead are _m4' ,!n ,buddha said1 ,y ?\ght y alone _h lo/ a son2 ! law ( dea? is t among all liv+ creatures !re is no p]man5ce4 ,little com=t 9 ^! words6 ,( c\rse1 we c see h[ ^! two conflict+ views ( life f\nd acceptance & expression 9 ^! two great lead]s ( mank9d4 ,=1 to ,jesus1 ! keyword ( life 0 div9e grace or atonem5t1 :ile to ,gautama x 0 ,k>ma--t ^w :i* has = s _m c5turies be5 to all ,india ! true/ expression ( its philosophy & ( its life4 ,*ri/ taught t ! grace ( ,god 0 at ! s]vice ( e man = 8 success 9 ?is life & = 8 r$emption 9 ! _w to come4 ,he ev] emphasiz$ ! inspir+ message t ,god's "w & man's ef=t con/itute ! w>p & wo( ( ! life ( e man4 ,9 ,8 :ole s*eme ( salvation !re is no place = disc\ragem5t2 =1 walk+ ?r\gh ! pa? ( life h& 9 h& ) ,god1 man c ov]?r[ e enemy to 8 progress & a*ieve ! be/ & highe/ 9 ,god's purposes = him4 ,b :5 ! ,buddha adopt$ ! doctr9e ( ,k>ma z ! f\ndation ( life1 he & 8 sy/em 7 doom$ to despond5cy1 gloom1 & disc\ragem5t4 ,x is inde$ a noble tru? t e man mu/ dr9k1 to its la/ dregs1 ! fruit ( 8 own action--t ! law ( ,k>ma works ) rel5tless =ce 9 e life 9 ! _w4 ,only let u und]/& t ,god may ent] into ea* life to enable man to face successfully t law1 & x is all "r4 ,b condemn man to ev]la/+ isolation2 cut away f him e ray ( ,div9e help1 & ! work+ out ( 8 ,k>ma becomes a t]rible & an almo/ un5d+ trag$y--a ,sisyphean task ) no hope ( release save 9 ! wip+ out ( life itself4 ,& ?is is :at ! great ,s\l ( ! ,ea/ believ$ & taught4 ,he fac$ boldly ! problem4 ,he _h1 at ! beg9n+1 ignor$ ! v exi/5ce ( ,god1 & ?us d5i$ himself ! lea/ hope ( ext]nal aid 9 8 own emancipation2 & ?us he held t /]n1 cruel1 rel5tless ,k>ma became ! all-controll+ & univ]sal law ( life4 ,to a ,*ri/ian1 among ! mo/ pa!tic words ev] spok5 are ^? spok5 by ,buddha to 8 belov$ c\s9 & disciple z dea? drew ne>--,o6 ,anan?a1444 ,my j\rney is draw+ to its close4 ,i h rea*$ eighty ye>s1 & j z a worn-out c>t c only ) mu* c>e be made to move along1 s my body c only be kept go+ ) difficulty4444 ,9 future be ye to y\rselves y\r own light1 y\r own refuge2 seek no o!r refuge4444 ,look n to any "o b y\rselves z a refuge4 ,& t :i* f>!r1 & v naturally1 wid5s ! gulf :i* sep>ates !m is _! view ( ! adequacy or inadequacy ( ! pres5t human life to satisfy ! laws ( _! be+4 ,! law :i* ,jesus believ$ to prevail1 & :i* ,he con/antly promulgat$ & emphasiz$1 0 t ( ! f9ality ( ! human life--t man has once only to pass ?r\gh ?is e>?ly life & t !n comes dea?1 :i* introduces him to an et]nal future correspond+ ) ! "* ( 8 *oices & life on e>?4 ,accord+ to ,him1 ?is brief e>?ly exi/5ce1 :i* w n be repeat$1 is a tra9+ s*ool = ! glori\s life beyond4 ,bless$ is he :o fai?fully submits himself to ?is tra9+ & passes ?r\gh ! gate ( dea? prep>$ = an immortality ( joy 9 ,god's pres5ce beyond4 ,inde$1 ,jesus nev] gives ! fir/ intimation ( any future bir? or life1 save t :i* w\ld be p]man5t & et]nal 9 heav5 or hell4 ,he felt ! adequacy ( ?is life z a det]m9] ( ! et]nal de/9y ( all m54 ,& ,he felt t ! salvation :i* ,he wr\ght & (f]$ to all 0 able to c>ry man ?r\gh ! s+le portal ( dea? into un5d+ bliss4 ,:y ano!r entrance into ?is _w1 if by pass+ ?r\gh ! _w ,god c\ld br+ into ! life ! se$ & p[] ( ,8 own grace & life :i* w\ld blossom & be> fruit 9 ! s\l ?r\gh\t et]nity8 ,m>vel n1 ,he saye?1 ! h\r come? 9 :i* all t are dead %all he> 8 voice & %all come =?2 !y t h done good into ! resurrection ( life2 & !y t h done evil into ! resurrection ( judgm5t4 ,& z ,he describ$ ! f9al judgm5t ^u all m5 aft] "o e>?ly life ,he says t ^! %all g away into et]nal puni%m5t1 b ! righte\s into et]nal life4 ,moreov]1 9 describ+ ! condition ( ! dead ,he makes ! fai?ful ,abraham say to ! s\l ( a dead s9n]1 ,betwe5 u & y !re is a great gulf fix$ t !y :o w\ld pass h5ce to y may n be able to pass & t y may n cross f !nce to u4 ,t is1 ,he claim$ t ! life :i* we live "h s fixes ! de/9y ( m5 t et]nity w c>ry its impress4 ,h5ce ! urg5cy & ! supreme importance ( ?is "o life to all m54 ,! univ]sal succession1 accord+ to ,8 tea*+1 is life1 dea?1 resurrection1 judgm5t1 & et]nal rew>d4 ,to ! ,buddha1 :o1 z we h se51 held t man is ! only ar*itect ( 8 own de/9y & t he mu/ !re=e abide ! work+ ( 8 ,k>ma1 a s+le brief appr5tice%ip 9 ! s*ool ( life seem$ altoge!r inadequate z a te/ ( "* & z a reliable f\ndation = ! edifice ( "o's et]nal de/9y1 or z a basis = ! "o irrevocable judgm5t4 ,x is b natural1 !re=e1 t ?is great ,indian ,ri%i %\ld h adopt$ z 8 own ! doctr9e ( metempsy*osis1 or transmigration1 & t he %\ld add great emphasis to x4 ,to him1 life 0 a p5it5ti>y r ?an a s*ool1 a place1 or an occasion1 = eat+ ! fruits ( pa/ action r ?an a tra9+ = ! future et]nity :i* awaits e "o4 ,x is true t ,gautama mu/ h _h "s idea ( ! corrective influ5ce & discipl9>y "* ( ?is e>?ly exi/5ce2 = !re is a quiet assumption t 9 "s unexpla9$ & un9telligible way ! s\l is improv$ by ?is multitud9\s process ( re9c>nation4 ,& yet ,i fail to see any reason = expect+ su* a developm5t4 ,philosophically & morally1 ! raison d'etre ( ! doctr9e ( re9c>nation is to expla9 ! inequalities ( life2 & x does x n1 z ,jesus w\ld d x1 by means ( ! doctr9e ( h]$ity1 b by ! retributive p[] ( ,k>ma1 or actions pursu+ ! s\l ?r\gh successive bir?s & compell+ x to reveal by its conditions & reflect by its exp]i5ces 9 ea* bir? ! exp]i5ces ( ! previ\s bir?4 ,! moral influ5ce ( su* a doctr9e is r5d]$ all b impossible by ! fact t !re is no consci\sness 7! true basis ( moral cont9uity7 to connect "o bir? ) ano!r4 ,i "k ( no "o b ,mrs4 ,besant :o claims to "k :at 8 previ\s1 assum$ bir? 01 & ,i h n yet met any "o :o believes h] claim 9 ?is matt]4 ,!re is no moral discipl9e = "o 9 8 be+ puni%$ = a ?+ ( :i* he has absolutely no consci\s k4 ,we mu/ fur!r consid] ! "* ( ,gautama's philosophy4 ,x 01 z is well kn[n1 ?or\ghly mat]iali/ic--! antipodes ( ! or?odox ,h9du philosophy1 :i* is highly spiritual4 ,to ,buddha1 !re 0 no su* ?+ z a s\l ap>t f ! body4 ,:at 0 !re1 !n1 to connect "o bir? ) ano!r1 accord+ to 8 tea*+8 ,9 ,brahmanism ! doctr9e ( transmigration is at ?is po9t v cle>1 = !re is ! et]nal ,atma1 or self1 to connect & unify all its inc>nations4 ,b ,gautama1 :o d5i$ ! sep>ate exi/5ce ( ! s\l1 ma9ta9$ t x 0 n ! self1 b ! ,k>ma1 :i* pass$ f "o bir? to ano!r2 & ?us !re became ! on5ess ( ,k>ma )\t an id5tity ( s\l pass+ ?r\gh & unit+ ! myriad inc>nations ( ! p]son involv$4 ,h[ c "o sub/itute "h a sam5ess ( ,k>ma = id5tity ( s\l8 ,behold1 !n1 ! insup]able difficulties :i* su* a mat]ialism int]poses to a belief ei!r 9 ! possibility or 9 ! wisdom ( ! doctr9e ( re9c>nation4 ,& yet let x be rememb]$ "h t s long z "o accepts ! doctr9e ( ,k>ma he _c evade ! si/] doctr9e ( re9c>nation4 ,!y belong to ! same sy/em1 & mu/ be accept$ or reject$ toge!r4 ,if1 h[ev]1 we emphasize div9e grace z an elem5t 9 ! solution ( human problems & 9 ! salvation ( man1 !n x is natural to conclude t "o e>?ly life w suffice = ,god & man toge!r to prep>e ! s\l = ! consummation & beatification :i* awaits x beyond dea?4 ,b if ! :ole problem is to be solv$ & ! :ole "w ( r$emption a*iev$ by man himself1 ap>t f ,god1 !n ,buddha mu/ h be5 ju/ifi$ 9 believ+ t an inconceivable numb] ( bir?s & human lives are necess>y 9 ord] to accompli% ?is4 ,x 0 j at ?is po9t t ,*ri/ & ,buddha fac$ ! opposite poles4 ,& x is j "h1 = ?is v reason1 t ! fai?s :i* !y promulgat$ repres5t1 ! "o ! p]petual buoyancy & *e] ( y\?1 & ! o!r ! we>9ess ( disc\rag$ age4 ,*ri/ianity claims to d its "w = ! s\l1 s f> z settl+ its de/9y is conc]n$1 9 ! brief life ( a few ye>s2 & "u ! inspir+ influ5ce ( ?is conviction ! pulse quick5s1 y\?ful hope & en]gy multiply1 & ! :ole s\l is k9dl$ by a close vision ( its spe$y triumph & release4 ,! ,buddhi/1 on ! o!r h&1 kn[s t x is a long1 lonely conflict--! int]m9ably long processions ( bir?s we>y him & ! dim vision ( a release :i* is f> away br+s no inspiration4 ,life palls ^u him1 c\rage fails him1 8 /eps gr[ %ort] & 8 pace slack5s4 7#c7 ,?is br+s u to ! ideals :i* ^! two _w-lead]s ent]ta9$4 ,(t5 m5's ideals are a bett] revelation ( _! life & "* ?an are _! a*ievem5ts4 ,^! ideals :i* ,i wi% to po9t out are two--t ( inn] atta9m5t & t ( f9al consummation4 ,& :at 0 ! *ief ambition = p]sonal a*ievem5t s\ght by ,jesus & ,gautama8 ,i believe t ! v names :i* !y acquir$ & :i* are at ! head ( ?is *apt] answ] ?is "q = u4 ,*ri/ & ,buddha are n ! p]sonal names giv5 9 infancy1 nor are !y tribal designations4 ,!y prim>ily repres5t _! (ficial titles4 ,*ri/ means ! ,ano9t$ ,"o1 & ,buddha signifies ! ,enlight5$ ,"o--! "o is a t]m expressive ( spiritual p[]s = s]vice1 :ile ! o!r means intellectual enlight5m5t = communion4 ,"o s\ght & f\nd ! baptism ( ! _s ( ,god :i* t\*$ & transfigur$ ,8 "*2 ! o!r 0 seek+ m light on ! problems ( life2 & = t light he s\ght ) a wond]ful long+ & p]sev]ance until ! dawn broke on t rem>kable day "u ! sacr$ ,boh tree & he f\nd ! light & 0 h5ce call$ ! ,enlight5$ ,"o4 ,?us1 9 ! ,*ri/-life1 ! emphasis 0 ^u e?ical & spiritual atta9m5t1 :ile1 9 ,buddha1 ! ?+ s\ght 0 ! cle> vision & transc5d5t illum9ation4 ,let me n be misund]/ood4 ,!re is a s5se 9 :i* ! consecration & ! vision are 9 ! same l9e4 ,x 0 ,*ri/ ,himself t said1 ,?is is et]nal life1 to "k ,!e ! only true ,god & ,jesus ,*ri/ :om ,?\ ha/ s5t4 ,spiritual k is ! pa?way to ! highe/ life--x is life itself4 ,x mu/ be1 9 l>ge "p1 acquir$ ?r\gh spiritual exp]i5ce4 ,at ! same "t1 x is an int]e/+ fact t ,buddha laid1 z ,india has always laid1 emphasis--undue emphasis--^u k z ! consummation to be s\ght4 ,brahma ,gnana is ! summun bonum ( life4 ,to rightly "k myself 9 my relation%ip1 ?is1 !y say1 is ! only qualification = beatification4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ,jesus insi/$ always ^u a "r moral & spiritual attitude & relation%ip to ,god z ! highe/ po9t ( human atta9m5t 9 life4 ,li/5 to ! beatitudes :i* he utt]$3 ,bless$ are ! poor 9 _s2 = !irs is ! k+dom ( heav54 ,bless$ are !y t m\rn2 = !y %all be com=t$4 ,bless$ are ! meek2 = !y %all inh]it ! e>?4 ,bless$ are !y t hung] & ?ir/ aft] righte\sness2 = !y %all be fill$4 ,bless$ are ! m]ciful2 = !y %all obta9 m]cy4 ,bless$ are ! pure 9 he>t2 = !y %all see ,god4 ,bless$ are ! peacemak]s2 = !y %all be call$ sons ( ,god4 ,bless$ are !y t h be5 p]secut$ = righte\sness' sake2 = !irs is ! k+dom ( heav54 ,^! are ! beatitudes ( ,8 ,k+dom1 & all ref] to ! spiritual graces :i* ,he ,himself exemplifi$ & inculcat$1 & none ref] to enlight5m5t4 ,?us 9 bo? we h1 if n a contra/1 a diff]5t outlook1 :i* has n only impress$ ! /ud5t ) a s5se ( div]g5ce2 b t :i* is m important--x has giv5 to ! devotees ( ^! two fai?s widely diff]5t aspirations1 & has giv5 to ! two types ( lives produc$ v dissimil> traits4 ,b1 t :i* is ( m consequ5ce1 9 ^! ideals1 is _! conception ( :at life t5ds to & mu/ ultimately atta9 unto4 ,! f9al consummation ( life meant n\ght else to ,jesus ?an ,god-lik5ess1 :i* ,he call$ ,et]nal ,life4 ,to h gr[n to ! p]fection ( ^? moral & spiritual *>act]i/ics :i* adorn ,god ,himself2 to h ! human w s subdu$ & direct$ until x runs p>allel ) ! ,div9e w2 to h ! s\l consum$ ) a love ( all t ,he loves & ) an abhorr5ce ( all t ,he hates1--?is is life inde$ & ! highe/ realization ( ! human s\l4 ,yea1 m1 to pass out ( ?is life into ! consci\s bliss & et]nal felicity ( ! life to come1 to dwell ) ,god--"o ) ,him 9 purpose & "*1 & yet liv+ a sep>ate consci\s exi/5ce1 bask+ 9 ! et]nal sun%9e ( ,8 ,pres5ce & fav\r1--?is is ! fulness ( bless+ :i* ,*ri/ pres5t$ be=e ,8 own z ! end to be s\ght & ! consummation :i* ,god plac$ )9 _! rea*4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ,nirvana is ! ^w :i* holds cond5s$ ! :ole realm ( ,buddha's ideals4 ,x is n my purpose to discuss ! orig9al mean+ ( ?is ^w4 ,i gladly conc$e t x meant a /ate ( moral a*ievem5t :5 ! p[]s ( ! s\l 7 at equilibrium & :5 resultant peace p]vad$ ! life4 ,b we also "k t x meant1 preem95tly1 t /ate 9 :i* ! s\l _h pass$ beyond contact ) body1 9 :i* contact alone x f\nd consci\sness & s5sation & human activity2 :5 ! s\l1 fre$ f bir?s1 _h return$ to its elem5tal condition ( semi-no?+ness1 ) nei!r ?\ght1 emotion1 nor volition4 ,?is 0 a condition 9 :i* 0 f\nd only ! negative bless+ ( release f ! turbul5ce & surg+ di/resses ( life4 ,)\t call+ x non-exi/5ce1 we claim t x is want+ 9 e elem5t t we connect1 or c conceive connect$1 ) human exi/5ce4 ,!re is no?+ 9 x to inspire hope nor to invite *e]4 ,all we c d 9 its pres5ce is to ask--is ?is all t man1 ! fl[] ( ,god's univ]se1 is to arrive at8 ,is !re no?+ bett] = him ?an to end 8 long1 dre>y exi/5ce 9 su* an abject failure8 ,mu/ he desc5d f ! pla9 ( ev5 a wret*$ human life to ?is ! l[e/ rea* ( exi/5ce1 if su* we mu/ call x8 ,9 ! eyes ( ,*ri/1 !re issues out ( ! mighty conflict ( life a purifi$1 glorifi$ human be+ fit to dwell =ev] 9 ! pres5ce ( ,8 ,fa!r & adopt$ to enjoy t pres5ce = ev]more4 ,to ,buddha1 ?is same human life ends 9 failure & mu/ re/ =ev] "u ! d>k pall ( oblivion1 & robb$ by ,nirvana ( all ! possibilities ( good & ( joy t 7 implant$ 9 x4 ,9 ! abs5ce ( high] satisfaction1 all t ,buddha c\ld d 0 to glory 9 8 a*ievem5ts1 because ( _! p]vasive influ5ce ^u ! lives ( o!rs dur+ all future "t4 ,we might imag9e him jo9+ ) ,george ,eliot 9 h] noble aspiration3-- ,o6 may ,i jo9 ! *oir invisible ,( ^? immortal dead :o live aga9 ,9 m9ds made bett] by _! pres5ce3 live ,9 pulses /irr$ to g5]osity1 ,9 de$s ( d>+ rectitude1 9 scorn ,= mis]able aims t end ) self1 ,9 ?\ghts sublime t pi]ce ! nightlike />s1 ,& ) _! mild p]si/5ce urge man's se>* ,to va/] issues 444 ,?is is life to come4 ,b ,*ri/ gave u a l>g] hope & a l(ti] purpose ?an ?is1 ev5 ! consci\s possession ( abundant life ourselves & ! gr[+ k ( ! b\ndless good :i* our e>?ly life has done = o!rs4 ,to live 9 m5 is joy inde$2 b t involves an ability to feel t joy2 & ?is1 aga91 is a "p only ( ! ,et]nal ,life :i* ,he gives to all :o believe 9 ,him4 ,x is ,8 disciple only :o c say3-- ,belov$1 n[ are we ! ,sons ( ,god4 ,b we "k n :at we %all be2 b we "k t :5 ,he %all appe> we %all be l ,him1 = we %all see ,him z ,he is4 ,,*apt] ,,xiii ,,mod]n ,,religi\s ,,movem5t ,9 matt]s ( fai?1 ,india has always be5 ultra-cons]vative4 ,?is is l>gely ow+1 n to any fett]+ ( ?\ght1 b r to ! ,h9du ,ca/e ,sy/em1 :i* has be5 ! mo/ rigid gu>dian ( ! ,brahmanic fai? & ! d\ghty oppon5t ( any new & indep5d5t movem5ts4 ,india has (f]$ to h] ri%is & re=m]s unb\nd$ latitude ( ?\ght4 ,&1 z a consequ5ce1 h] fai? possesses )9 itself e %ade ( religi\s speculation & philosophic conclusions4 ,! _m antipodal & conflict+ doctr9es1 !ories1 t5d5cies1 & in/itutions :i* obta9 "u ! all-embrac+ "n ( ,h9duism1 seem a/oni%+ to e we/]n inve/igator ( ?is fai?4 ,ev5 9 matt]s ( ritual1 ,brahmanism has always _h its prote/ants1 sect>ians1 & come-out]s4 ,dur+ ?is /]n dom9ance ( ! ,ca/e ,sy/em1 :i* is ! mo/ rigor\s1 if n ! mo/ cruel1 inquisition t ! _w has kn[n1 !re h always be5 m5 free to ?9k & det]m9$ en\gh to pu% =w>d _! ideas & _! new religi\s me?ods4 ,& ^! h add$ picturesque v>iety to ! hi/ory ( fai? 9 ,india4 ,x is1 h[ev]1 a rem>kable tribute to ! p[] ( ca/e & to ! unh]oic "* ( ,h9du re=m]s1 t1 ( ! myriad re=ms & prote/s aga9/ ,brahmanism :i* h bri/l$ ?r\gh\t ! c5turies1 only "o--,buddhism--has /ood ap>t 9 p]si/5t isolation1 & has ma9ta9$ a sep>ate id5tity & usefulness ?r\gh m ?an two mill5niums4 ,( all ^! prote/+ cre$s1 x alone has _h suffici5t mascul9e p[] & moral e>ne/ness p]man5tly to impress itself ^u ! _w z a great religion4 ,x has a*iev$ ?is1 h[ev]1 n 9 ! l& ( its bir?1 b 9 o!r l&s & among o!r peoples4 ,l all o!r attempts to re=m1 or ov]?r[1 ! "m fai? 7& ev5 aft] x _h l>gely accompli%$ ?is = t5 c5turies71 ,buddhism f9ally yield$ to ! mighty absorptive p[] ( ,brahmanism1 0 ov]?r[n z ! dom9ant religion ( ,india1 & lo/ all p[] & acceptance among ! p4 ,?is 0 because mo/ ( its vital tea*+s 7 appropriat$ by ! rival fai?1 & ,buddha himself 0 adopt$ into ! ,h9du pan!on z ! n9? inc>nation ( ,vi%nu4 ,h5ce=w>d1 x _h no di/9ctive mission or message to ! p ( ?is l&1 & di$ a natural dea?4 ,! well-kn[n passion ( ,h9duism = absorb+ ! fai?s t come into contact ) x1 & ! maudl9 t5d5cy ( ! p ( ,india to yield to pressure & to sacrifice all 9 behalf ( peace1 has be5 ! grave ( _m a noble endeav\r & _m an impassion$ attempt = new religi\s life & p[]4 ,nev]!less1 !re is no re=m movem5t :i* has ent]$ ! ar5a ( religi\s conflict 9 ,india1 :e!r x /ill rema9s entirely )9 ! ,h9du fai? or has possess$ vig\r & repulsive en]gy en\gh to /ep outside ! ance/ral fai?1 :i* has n left m or less ( an impress ^u ,h9duism1 & :i* does n to-day ex]cise "s p[] or o!r ov] c]ta9 classes ( ! p4 ,i ,all ( ! _m mod]n sects ( ,h9duism 7 orig9ally prote/s aga9/ ! dom9ant ,brahmanism ( ! day4 ,! mo/ popul> ,vai%nava sect1 9 ,s\? ,india1--! ,visi%dadvai?a sect ( ,ramanuja1--0 fir/ a vigor\s prote/ aga9/ ! au/]e pan!ism ( ,sank>an4 ,x 0 ! dem& ( a ?\ghtful & an e>ne/ religi\s man = a p]sonal ,god :i* c\ld br+ peace & re/ to ! s\l1 9 contradi/9ction to ! unkn[able1 une?ical1 & unapproa*able ,brahm1 :i* ! dom9ant ,v$antism _h ?ru/ ^u ! p4 ,! ,madhwa*>i>s w5t "o /ep f>!r & inculcat$ a dualism1 :i* _m to-day accept z ! basis ( _! fai?4 ,9 ! region ( ,b5gal1 t o!r sect ( ,vai%navism1 :i* 0 inculcat$ by ,*aitanya f\r c5turies ago1 is to-day ! popul> cult4 ,x is a revivalism full ( wild en?usiasm & ec/atic devotion2 yet x attracts1 9 a rem>kable way1 _m ( ! m5 ( culture & le>n+ ?r\gh\t t ,presid5cy4 ,! ,saivite sect>ians1 :o call !mselves ,sangam>s1 71 a few c5turies ago1 a m]e upris+ aga9/ ! supremacy ( ! ,brahmans & ! dom9ance ( ca/e4 ,inde$1 ne>ly all religi\s re=m]s 9 ,india propell$ _! re=ms z anti-ca/e movem5ts4 ,b1 lat] on1 !y h1 ) v few exceptions1 be5 drawn aga9 into ! mael/rom ( ca/e4 ,! ,sikh religion1 itself1 0 orig9ally a religi\s re=m1 :i* f\nd its g]ms 9 ! m9d ( ! great ,kabir1 & aft]w>d atta9$ bir? 9 ! brave re=m]1 ,nanak ,%ah1 dur+ ! fifte5? c5tury4 ,x is a %rewd1 an amiable1 & also a brave attempt to h>monize ,mohamm$anism & ,h9duism4 ,at ! pres5t "t1 ?is also is gradually yield+ to ca/e dom9ance & to ! fasc9ation ( ,h9du ritual4 ,?us e c5tury has produc$ its re=m]s1 & ! banks ( ?is great riv] ( ,brahmanism is /rewn ) ! wrecks ( prote/+ sects1 :ile _m o!r su* b>ques are to-day adopt$ z ! fai?ful mess5g]s ( or?odox ,h9duism & are c>ry+ its message to ! p4 ,,ii ,mod]n movem5ts ( religi\s re=m 9 ,india h n be5 want+ 9 numb] or vig\r4 ,& !y h be5 l>gely movem5ts away f ,poly!ism1 on ! "o h&1 & f ,pan!ism on ! o!r1 t[>d a mod]n ,!ism4 ,_m intellig5t m51 & _m un$ucat$1 b e>ne/ s\ls1 h gr[n we>y ( _! multitud9\s pan!on1 & ( its hydra-head$ idolatry1 :i* *>ms & debases ! masses4 ,9 l mann]1 _m ( !m h ceas$ to be satisfi$ ) ! unkn[n ,brahm ( ,v$antism1 & are seek+ aft] a p]sonal ,deity1 :o c meet ! dem&s ( _! crav+ he>ts4 ,!re is mu* ( ?is ?\ght & s5tim5t /ill in>ticulate among ! upp] classes2 b x is manife/ly gr[+ ) ! increase ( ! ye>s4 ,?is !i/ic movem5t1 z a gr[+ se>* aft] a p]sonal ,god1 is to be trac$ def9itely to ! gr[? ( we/]n ?\ght1 & especially to ! direct influ5ce ( ,*ri/ianity4 ,?is is no less true ( ^? !i/ic movem5ts :i* are by no means amiably dispos$ t[>d our religion4 ,! mod]n !i/ic movem5t fir/ f\nd def9ite expression & impetus 9 ! life & tea*+ ( t noble son ( ,india1 ,ram ,mohan ,roy1 :o hail$ f ! ,brahmanic ari/ocracy ( ,b5gal4 ,he 0 born 9 #aggd--;j be=e ! bir? ( ,am]ican ,indep5d5ce4 ,he /udi$ well ! anci5t writ+s ( ,h9duism & translat$ "s ( ! mo/ important into ,engli%4 ,he also se>*$ eag]ly & en?usia/ically ! ,*ri/ian ,scriptures2 = :i* purpose he made himself famili> ) ! ,greek & ,hebrew languages4 ,s mightily did ! ,new ,te/am5t & its precepts grip him t he wrote & publi%$1 9 #ahai1 an excell5t tract1 ,! ,precepts ( ,jesus ! ,guide to ,peace & ,happ9ess4 ,?is is a rem>kable te/imony to ! e?ical preem95ce ( ! ,bible4 ,he lat] decl>$ t he believ$ 9 ! tru?s ( ! ,*ri/ian religion4 ,be+ unwill+ to abide alone 9 ?is discov]y & 9 ^! convictions1 he e/abli%$1 9 #ahae1 ! ,atma ,sabha1 or ,s\l ,society1 9 8 own home4 ,?is soon develop$ into a small *ur*1 = :i* a suitable edifice 0 erect$1 t !y might wor%ip ! "o ,god free f ! contam9at+ influ5ce ( popul> idolatry & ,h9du c]emonial4 ,?is truly great man1 )\t ! aid ( any ,european mission>y1 9 ! quiet solitude ( 8 own he>t1 & "u ! influ5ce ( ! ,_s ( ,god1 rose to "s ( ! highe/ tru?s ( ,!ism1 &1 "u ! mighty influ5ce ( ,*ri/ian lit]ature1 became a re=m] ( ! fir/ ord] among 8 p4 ,b1 dur+ a visit to ,engl& he sick5$1 & di$ 9 #ahcc2 & ! !i/ic movem5t weak5$ & wan$ = a few ye>s1 depriv$ ( 8 lead]%ip & inspir+ pres5ce4 ,x 0 9 #ahdc t ! ,brahmo ,somaj ( ,ram ,mohan ,roy 0 unit$ ) ano!r ,sabha organiz$ by ano!r great s\l1 ,deb5dra ,na? ,tagore4 ,"u ! guidance ( ?is /urdy re=m]1 ! ,brahmo ,somaj movem5t put on new life & en]gy4 ,deb5dra ,na? 0 v dev\t & c\rage\s4 ,he 0 oppos$ to ! religion ( 8 fa!rs1 z practis$ by ! p4 ,nev]!less1 he 0 some:at an*or$ to ! pa/4 ,he /ill clung to ! ,h9du scriptures & reg>d$ ! ,v$as z infallible4 ,lat]1 h[ev]1 z ^! ,h9du writ+s 7 /udi$ ) m c>e1 8 fai? 9 !m 0 consid]ably %att]$1 & he began to d5y _! supreme au?ority4 ,he & ! o!r memb]s ( ! society "h ent]$ ^u a great /ruggle :i* u%]$ !m into an ,age ( ,reason4 ,! ,v$as 7 ab&on$ z an ultimate au?ority1 & ! ,brahmo ,somaj1 = a "t1 became a ,*ur* )\t a ,bible1 & )\t any an*orage b ! high] reason ( its memb]s4 ,9 #aheb1 ! society 0 reorganiz$4 ,reason 0 soon f\nd to be inadequate z ! f\ndation ( fai?2 & !y pass$ on to an intuitional basis4 ,t aga9 seem$ to be ev5 m unsatisfactory ?an reason itself4 ,aft] a few ye>s1 ! movem5t gradually develop$ a doctr9e ( inspiration1 :5 ! utt]ances ( ! lead]s !mselves 7 reg>d$ z inspir$ & became ! voice ( ,god to ! memb]s4 ,?us1 )9 a few ye>s1 ,brahmo ,somaj mov$ almo/ 9 a circle1 9 its se>* = a /able an*orage to its fai?2 & x return$ to a po9t dang]\sly ne> to ! ,h9du position :i* x _h left a few ye>s be=e4 ,! rapid movem5t above indicat$ 0 *iefly ow+ to an ard5t y\?1 :o ralli$ to ! support ( ,deb5dra ,na?1 & :o gradually took ! re9s into 8 own h&s4 ,?is "y man 0 ,ke%ub ,*und] ,s52 & he soon became ! lead+ figure1 c]ta9ly ! mo/ /rik+1 9 ! :ole !i/ic movem5t ( ,india4 ,he acquir$ gr[+ influ5ce ov] ,deb5dra ,na?1 became ! controll+ _s1 & cont9u$ until 8 dea? to be ! c5tral figure ( ,!ism 9 ,india4 ,*und] ,s5 0 a great en?usia/1 full ( intellectual res\rce1 &1 )al1 a man ( deep spirituality4 ,he 0 an ,ori5tal ( ! ,ori5tals2 8 m9d 0 ( a ?or\ghly my/ic type1 &1 l ! dev\t ,h9du1 he lov$ ! rig\rs ( asceticism1 &1 9 n a few in/ances1 yield$ to ! fasc9ations ( ! me?ods ( ! ,yogi4 ,he 0 a re/less s\l4 ,h9duism _h s mu* t 0 repulsive to him2 & he felt t poly!ism & idolatry _h s cru%$ out ( 8 p all ! beauty ( a liv+ fai? t he long$ to ha/5 communication ( 8 message ( tru? & ( life ! new & glori\s day ( ,!ism = ,india4 ,8 pace 0 s mu* fa/] ?an t ( ,deb5dra ,na? t x took b a few ye>s to make _! sep>ation a necessity4 ,?is took place 9 #ahfe4 ,!reupon1 ! old society became kn[n z ! ,a?i ,somaj1--,! ,orig9al ,somaj1--:ile ,s5 & 8 p>ty =m$ a new organization1 :i* 0 pret5ti\sly kn[n z ,! ,brahmo ,somaj ( ,india4 ,?is happ5$ 9 #ahff4 ,! old society settl$ d[n into inactivity1 lo/ mu* ( its _s ( re=m1 & has nev] s9ce accompli%$ mu* 9 ! realm ( !i/ic advance4 ,! new ,somaj1 h[ev]1 soon acquir$ prom95ce & became ! life & embodim5t ( ! ,indian !i/ic movem5t4 ,b ,*und] ,s5 _h 8 s]i\s dang]s2 & ^? lay 9 ! v excess ( 8 virtues4 ,hurri$ on by 8 int5se nature1 exalt$ to p[] by 8 brilliant intellectual qualities1 & ye>n+ ) a passion = ! release ( 8 belov$ ,india f ! religi\s & spiritual ?raldom :i* he witness$ all ab\t him1 he acquir$ irresi/ible *>m & p[] ) 8 foll[]s1 & 8 words became _! undisput$ law2 & 8 deliv]ances 7 sur*>g$ ) :at !y reg>d$ z div9e inspiration4 ,& !re is no d\bt t he soon came to believe himself to be a direct vehicle ( ,god 9 ! communication ( 8 message ( tru? & ( life to ! _w4 ,"u ! influ5ce ( ?is conviction or delusion 7:i*ev] "o may *oose to call x71 he 0 swept on1 & c>ri$ ) him mo/ ( 8 foll[]s1 into />tl+ novelties ( ritual & ( organization4 ,f9ally1 h[ev]1 he became s extreme & radical t "s ( 8 pr9cipal foll[]s became fright5$ & grew re/less4 ,! occasion ( ano!r split 0 f\nd 9 ! m>riage ( ,*und] ,s5's daught] to ! "y ,mah>aja ( ,coo* ,beh>1 9 #ahgf4 ,*und] ,s5 _h work$ h]oically = ! enactm5t ( a new m>riage law = ! memb]s ( ! ,brahmo ,somaj1 :]eby no bride %\ld be m>ri$ be=e f\rte5 & no bridegroom "u eighte5 ye>s ( age4 ,yet1 9 ! m>riage ( 8 own daught]1 he ignor$ ?is law1 :i* 0 pass$ *iefly ?r\gh 8 own en]gy4 ,not)/&+ ! fact t ! lead] claim$ div9e guidance 9 ?is affair1 8 lead+ foll[]s attribut$ ! m>riage to 8 weakness & pride4 ,?is l$ to ano!r secession1 9 ,may1 #ahgh1 :]eby ! majority ( ! societies & _! memb]s broke away f ! ,s5 p>ty & e/abli%$ ! ,sadh>na ,somaj--,! ,univ]sal ,somaj4 ,?is s*ism 0 a t]rible bl[ to ,mr4 ,s52 & yet x releas$ him f ! trammels :i* ! dissatisfi$ _h hi!rto ?ru/ ^u him1 & gave him1 among ! remnant1 an opportunity to laun* out on new projects1 & to introduce _m religi\s vag>ies1 :i* to mo/ m5 7 /rik+ &1 to _m1 7 %ock+4 ,"u ! bann] ( ! ,new ,disp5sation1 he practis$ a v>i$ liturgy & cultivat$ an unique c]emonial :i* seem$ to be a close imitation1 & almo/ a mock]y1 ( "s ( ! mo/ sacr$ in/itutions ( ,*ri/ianity & ( o!r religions4 ,! s*ismatic weakness ( ! !i/ic movem5t did n rea* its consummation 9 ?is la/ division4 ,x 0 almo/ imm$iately ^u ! dea? ( ,ke%ub ,*und] ,s51 at ! beg9n+ ( #ahhd1 t 8 imm$iate family & a few ( 8 foll[]s proclaim$ t 8 _s /ill abode 9 ! ,m&ir1 :]e he s (t5 spoke1 & t no "o %\ld succe$ him or speak f ! ,m&ir h]eaft]6 ,)9 ^! few %ort ye>s a new cult _h begun to gr[ ar\nd ! p]son ( ,*und] ,s51 l ^? ar\nd a ?\s& o!rs well kn[n 9 ! hi/ory ( ,india4 ,he became to "s ( 8 foll[]s n only a great religi\s tea*]1 b also some?+ ( an inc>nation on 8 own acc\nt1 s t x seem$ to !m blasphemy = any liv+ be+ to aspire to speak f ! pulpit ( ! belov$ dead ma/]4 ,8 natural successor 0 ,babu ,protap ,*und] ,mozumd>4 ,he prote/$ aga9/ ?is apo!osis ( ! dep>t$ lead]1 & insi/$ ^u ! fact t _! movem5t mu/ be op5 to new light1 & mu/ seek aft] ev] increas+ progress & advance4 ,b ! family 7 obdurate1 & ! new split became inevitable2 & ?us ,*und] ,s5 has pass$ into ! ranks ( ! ,mahatmas ( ,india & w erelong be promot$ to a place among ! inc>nations ( _! deities4 ,mr4 ,mozumd> 01 intellectually1 n inf]ior to ,*und] ,s5 himself2 & he 0 possess$ ( deep e>ne/ness ( _s & ( a beautiful ,engli% /yle 7bo? z a writ] & speak]7 :i* comm5d$ him & 8 cause to ! public1 & especially to ,engli% & ,am]ican ,!i/s4 ,he visit$ ! ,we/ m ?an once1 & *>m$ _m an audi5ce ( ,*ri/ian m5 by 8 deep s9c]ity & eloqu5ce4 ,,iii ,! progress ( ?is ,brahmo movem5t has n be5 v enc\rag+4 ,we h already se5 its t5d5cy to s*ism4 ,!re seems v little 9 ! movem5t :i* makes = peace & unity4 ,any little pique or diff]5ce ( views has n only creat$ int]nal diss5sion1 b also eng5d]$ new sects4 ,! lead]s ( ! movem5t h be5 bo? able & absolutely devot$ to ! !i/ic cause2 b !y h n reveal$ ! highe/ qualities ( lead]%ip1 especially t quality :i* exalts above ! lead] himself ! pr9ciples & ! cause :i* he advocates4 ,nor h !y imp>t$ to ! memb]s ( ! ,somaj t altrui/ic f]v\r :i* enables !m to d5y !mselves 9 behalf ( _! common cause & purpose4 ,num]ically1 ! progress ( ! ,brahmo ,somaj has be5 mo/ disappo9t+4 ,at ! la/ c5sus !re 7 only #djej memb]s4 ,&1 ( ^!1 m ?an ?ree-qu>t]s 7 9 ,b5gal4 ,?is1 h[ev]1 by no means repres5ts ! /r5g? ( ! movem5t2 = x is said1 ) tru?1 t _m :o d n regi/] !mselves z ,brahmos are 9 deepe/ accord ) ! movem5t4 ,& x mu/1 moreov]1 be rememb]$ t ! influ5ce ( ! society is f> 9 excess ( ! numb]s repres5t$4 ,= ! movem5t has drawn its memb]%ip1 almo/ exclusively1 f ! upp] class2 & ! majority ( ,brahmos are m5 ( education & ( position 9 society4 ,moreov]1 !y jo9$ ?is movem5t "u ! deep conviction ( ! utt] wor?lessness ( ,h9duism z a way ( salvation1 & ) a purpose to seek aft] t :i* is be/ 9 ?\ght & life4 ,x is ?is ari/ocratic "* ( ! movem5t :i* has l>gely militat$ aga9/ its popul>ity4 ,its appeal has be5 ma9ly to m5 & wom5 ( ,engli% tra9+4 ,x has n be5 possess$ ( any passion = ! multitude2 nor has x adequately appreciat$ ! importance1 = its own well-be+1 ( a unit$ endeav\r to rea* & br+ 9 ! man ( ! /reet4 ,nev]!less1 ! movem5t has be5 ?or\ghly p]meat$ ) an ,indian _s4 ,! lead]s h be5 p>ticul> 9 _! desire to exalt & emphasize ! ,ori5tal aspect & me?od1 z di/9ct f ! ,occid5tal4 ,?is is ! reason :y x has be5 s frequ5tly & bitt]ly criticis$4 ,x has be5 judg$ by we/]n /&>ds & criticis$ because x has n squ>$ ) we/]n ideals4 ,f "t to "t mission>ies & o!r ,*ri/ian m51 see+ no reason1 f _! /&po9t1 :y ^! ,brahmo fri5ds %\ld n come ov] 9 a body into ! ,*ri/ian fold1 h be5 impati5t ) _! lack ( response4 ,!y fail$ to und]/& t1 ) ^! we/]n pr9ciples & admiration1 !re 7 also ea/]n ?\ghts & prepossessions1 & ! invaluable inh]itance ( a pa/ t kept !m alo( f ! =eign fai? & l$ !m frequ5tly to deliv] !mselves vehem5tly aga9/ its mo/ we/]n manife/ations4 ,ev5 _! conception ( ,*ri/ 0 a di/9ctly ,ori5tal "o4 ,& !y d5i$ t a man ( ! ,we/ c\ld comp>e ) !m ( ! ,ea/ 9 ! deep appreciation ( ! ,*ri/-"* & 9 lov+ atta*m5t to _! ,bro!r f ! ,ea/--,jesus ( ,naz>e?4 ,yet1 ! ,*ri/ian basis ( ?is movem5t is unmi/akable4 ,we h se5 h[ ,ram ,mohan ,roy receiv$ a new baptism ( ?\ght & life ^u /udy+ ! ,*ri/ian ,scriptures4 ,x gave a new direction & inspiration to 8 !i/ic conceptions4 ,*und] ,s5 f\nd ne>ly all ! inspiration f ! ,bible2 & he liv$ "u ! spell ( ,*ri/'s own p[]1 & ) a passion1 su* z few ,*ri/ians possess1 to foll[ ,him & to be a full p>tak] ( ,8 bless+s4 ,! writ] w nev] =get 8 own brief visit to ,protap ,mozumd>1 n long be=e ! latt]'s dea?4 ,x 0 on ! eve ( ,good ,friday4 ,he f\nd ?is dev\t man ) eighte5 ( 8 disciples 7"o ( !m an ,ox=d graduate7 /udy+ toge!r ! t5d] words ( our ,"l utt]$ to ,8 disciples 9 ! ,upp] ,room on ! night 9 :i* ,he 0 betray$4 ,!y 7 ?us qualify+ !mselves prop]ly to commemorate ,8 dea? on ! com+ morn4 ,& ,mr4 ,mozumd> gave a /rong lecture on ,! ,suff]+ ,*ri/ to a l>ge audi5ce 9 "o ( ! city halls on ! morr[4 ,! ?\ght occurr$ to u1 h[ _m ,*ri/ians _h met toge!r t same ev5+1 l ^! ,brahmos1 = ! purpose ( /udy+ our ,"l's ,words ^u t memorable occasion & br++ !mselves ?us en rapport ) ,him ^: aton+ dea? !y 7 to commemorate8 ,z we p>t$1 x 0 h>dly necess>y = t man ( ,god to say to ! writ] 9 pa!tic tones1 ,o1 sir1 ,i only wi% y knew h[ ne> we are to y 9 ^! matt]s6 ,"s may h read t rem>kable book1 nam$ ,! ,ori5tal ,*ri/1 writt5 & publi%$ by ?is same g5tleman 9 #ahhc4 ,9 ! preface1 he gives ?is /rik+ly beautiful acc\nt ( 8 conv]sion3-- ,ne>ly tw5ty ye>s ago1 my tr\bles1 /udies1 & circum/ances =c$ ^u me ! "q ( p]sonal relation%ip to ,*ri/4444 ,z ! s5se ( s9 grew on me1 & ) x a deep mis]able re/lessness1 a necessity ( reconciliation betwe5 aspiration & practice1 ,i 0 my/]i\sly l$ to feel a p]sonal aff9ity to ! ,_s ( ,*ri/4 ,! :ole subject ( ! life & dea? ( ,*ri/ _h = me a m>vell\s sweetness & fasc9ation4444 ,(t5 disc\rag$ & ridicul$1 ,i p]si/$ 9 accord+ to ,*ri/ a t5d]ness ( hon\r :i* arose 9 my he>t unbidd54 ,i pray$1 ,i fa/$1 at ,*ri/mas & ,ea/] times4 ,i secretly hunt$ ! book-%ops ( ,calcutta to ga!r ! s-call$ lik5esses ( ,*ri/4 ,i did n "k1 ,i c>$ n to ?9k1 :i!r all ?is w\ld lead4444 ,ab\t ! ye> #ahfg 444 ,i 0 almo/ alone 9 ,calcutta4 ,my inw>d trials & travails _h really rea*$ a crisis4 ,x 0 a week-day ev5+1 ,i =get ! date n[4 ,! gloomy & haunt$ %ades ( summ] ev5+ _h sudd5ly ?ick5$ into d>kness4444 ,i sat ne> ! l>ge lake 9 ! ,h9du ,college comp\nd4444 ,a sobb+1 gu/y w9d swam ov] ! wat]'s surface4444 ,i 0 m$itat+ ^u ! /ate ( my s\l1 on ! cure ( all spiritual wret*$ness1 ! brightness & peace unkn[n to me1 :i* 0 ! lot ( ,god's *ildr54 ,i pray$ & bes\ght ,heav54 ,i cri$ & %$ hot te>s4444 ,sudd5ly x seem$ to me1 let me own x 0 reveal$ to me1 t close to me !re 0 a holi]1 m bless$1 mo/ lov+ p]sonality ^u :i* ,i mu/ repose my tr\bl$ head4 ,jesus lay discov]$ 9 my he>t z a /range1 human1 k9dr$ love1 z a repose1 a sympa!tic consolation1 an unpur*as$ treasure1 = :i* ,i 0 freely invit$4 ,! response ( my nature 0 unhesitat+ & imm$iate4 ,jesus1 f t day1 to me became a reality :]eon ,i might lean4 ,x 0 an impulse !n1 a flood ( light1 love1 & consolation4 ,x is no long] an impulse n[4 ,x is a fai? & pr9ciple2 x is an exp]i5ce v]ifi$ by a ?\s& trials 444 a "*1 a _s1 a holy1 sacrific$1 exalt$ self1 :om ,i recognize z ! true ,son ( ,god4 ,accord+ to my humble light1 ,i h always tri$ to be fai?ful to ?is inspiration4 ,i h be5 aid$1 confirm$1 enc\rag$ by _m1 & mo/ ( all by "o4 ,my aspiration has be5 n to speculate on ,*ri/1 b to be :at ,jesus tells u all to be4444 ,i %all be cont5t if :at ,i say 9 ^! pages at all t5ds to give complet5ess to any man's ideas ( ! life & m9i/ry ( ,jesus ,*ri/4444 ,9 ! mid/ ( ^! crumbl+ sy/ems ( ,h9du error & sup]/ition1 9 ! mid/ ( ^! cold1 spectral %ad[s ( transition1 secul>ism1 & agno/ic d\bt1 to me ,*ri/ has be5 l ! meat & dr9k ( my s\l4 ,8 influ5ces h wov5 r\nd me = ! la/ tw5ty ye>s or m1 &1 outside ! fold ( ,*ri/ianity z ,i am1 h =m$ a new fold1 :]e9 ,i f9d _m besides myself4 ,*und] ,s5 also abundantly express$ himself conc]n+ ! ,*ri/1 ,8 mission1 & message4 ,b to him1 aga91 x is an ,asiatic ,*ri/2 & ,he mu/ be accept$ 9 a truly ,ori5tal1 yes1 ev5 9 a ,h9du1 way4 ,he says3-- ,x is n ! ,*ri/ ( ! ,bapti/s1 nor ! ,*ri/ ( ! ,me?odi/s1 b ! ,*ri/ s5t by ,god1 ! ,*ri/ ( love & meekness1 ( tru? & self-sacrifice1 :om ! _w delights to hon\r4 ,if y say we mu/ r5\nce our nationality & all ! purity & devotion ( ea/]n fai? = sect>ian & we/]n ,*ri/ianity1 we %all say mo/ emphatically1 ,no4 ,x is our ,*ri/1 ,asia's ,*ri/1 y h come to return to u4 ,! ,ea/ gratefully & lov+ly welcomes back h] ,*ri/4 ,b we %all n h y\r ,*ri/ianity1 :i* suits n ! _s ( ! ,ea/4 ,our religion is ! religion ( h>mony4 ,9 fur!r en=cem5t ( ?is ,ori5tal "* he cont9ues3-- ,0 n ,jesus ,*ri/ an ,asiatic8 ,yes1 & ,8 disciples 7 ,asiatics1 & all ! ag5cies prim>ily employ$ = ! propagation ( ! ,gospel 7 ,asiatic4 ,9 fact1 ,*ri/ianity 0 f\nd$ & develop$ by ,asiatics & 9 ,asia4 ,:5 ,i reflect on ?is1 my love = ,jesus becomes a hundr$ fold int5sifi$2 ,i feel ,him ne>] my he>t1 & deep] 9 my national sympa?ies4444 ,& is x n true t an ,asiatic c read ! imag]ies & allegories ( ! ,gospel1 & its descriptions ( ! natural sc5]ies1 ( cu/oms & mann]s1 ) great] int]e/ & a full] p]ception ( _! =ce & beauty ?an an ,european8444 ,! m ?is great] fact is pond]$1 ! less1 ,i hope1 w be ! antipa?y & hatr$ ( ,european ,*ri/ians aga9/ ,ori5tal nationalities1 & ! great] ! int]e/ ( ! ,asiatics 9 ! tea*+s ( ,*ri/4 ,& ?us 9 ,*ri/1 ,europe & ,asia1 ! ,ea/ & ! ,we/1 may le>n to f9d h>mony & unity4444 ,& let x n be suppos$ t ,mr4 ,s5 0 altoge!r want+ 9 an appreciation ( ! high] significance & vic>i\s efficacy ( ! dea? ( ,*ri/4 ,conc]n+ ?is1 he obs]ves3-- ,humanity 0 lo/ 9 ,adam1 b 0 recov]$ 9 ,*ri/4 ,he 0 ! _w's atonem5t4444 ,8 dea? on ! cross af=ds ! highe/ practical illu/ration ( self-sacrifice4 ,he sacrific$ ,8 life = ! sake ( tru? & ! b5efit ( ! _w4 ,9 ob$i5ce to ! w ( ,8 ,fa!r1 ,he laid d[n ,8 life1 & said1 ,?y w be done6 ,& surely !re is deep] mean+ 9 ! fact ?an ev5 ! or?odox atta* to x1 t ! dea? ( ,*ri/ is ! life ( ! _w4444 ,9 _m ( ! lectures :i* he gave1 & 9 _m ( ! articles :i* he wrote1 we h evid5ce ( ! wond]ful place :i* ,*ri/ _h 9 8 he>t & ( ! p[] :i* ,he ex]cis$ ov] 8 ?\ghts4 ,he exclaims3-- ,bless$ ,jesus1 immortal ,*ild ( ,god6 ,= ! _w ,he liv$ & di$4 ,may ! _w appreciate ,him & foll[ ,8 precepts6444 ,all ?r\gh my inn] be+ ,i see ,*ri/4 ,he is no long] to me a doctr9e1 or a dogma1 b1 ) ,paul1 ,i cry1 '= me to live is ,*ri/6' ,on ano!r occasion he says3-- ,:]e1 !n1 is ,*ri/ n[8 ,he is liv+ 9 all ,*ri/ian lives1 & 9 all ,*ri/ian influ5ces at "w ar\nd u4444 ,y _c resi/ ,8 influ5ce2 y may d5y ,8 doctr9es1 y may ev5 hate & repudiate ,8 "n1 b ,he goes /raight into y\r he>ts1 & leav5s y\r lives4 ,o!r lead]s ( ?is movem5t are imbu$ ) ! same _s4 ,! editor ( ! ,new ,disp5sation rem>ks3-- ,z a matt] ( fact ! ,brahmoi/s h accept$ ,*ri/ian tru? 9 a m special s5se ?an ,h9dus1 or ev5 "s ,*ri/ian sects1 h any idea (4444 ,! organization ( ! ,brahmo ,somaj ( ,india is fram$ ^u an ess5tially ,*ri/ian basis4 ,its mission>y /aff is ,*ri/ian1 be+ guid$ entirely by ! pr9ciple ( ',take no ?\ght = ! morr[4' ,9 its mission (fice1 mottoes are f\nd ^u ! walls :i* are all ,*ri/ian4 ,almo/ e ,brahmo h\sehold has a picture ( ,*ri/4 ,! only ,life ( ,jesus 9 ,b5gali is by a mission>y ( ! ,brahmo ,somaj ( ,india4 ,its truly evangeli/ical "w1 ! life & conv]sation ( its memb]s1 brea! di/9ctly ! _s & influ5ce ( ,*ri/4444 ,ano!r ,!i/ writes3-- ,rev]5tly h ,i sat at ! feet ( ! ,jesus ( ! ,gospels to le>n ! exalt$ e?ics ( ! ,s]mon on ! ,m\nt4 ,b ,jesus1 o!r ?an a moral =ce1 ! tru] & high] ,jesus1 long rema9$ a seal$ book to me4 ,:o c\ld "k ! v]itable ,*ri/ ( ,god )\t light f above8444 ,jesus =ms ! he>t-blood ( _m a ,brahmo4444 ,we are ready to sacrifice any?+ if only by t we are enabl$ to love & *]i% ,jesus 9 our he>ts4444 ,! ,brahmo ,somaj is born to hon\r & rev]e ,jesus1 :atev] ! result may be4 ,f ^! quotations1 :i* might be multipli$ indef9itely1 x may be se5 t ! movem5t has be51 to a consid]able ext5t1 "u ! ,*ri/ spell & imbu$ ) mu* ( ,8 ,_s4 ,inasmu*1 h[ev]1 z ! movem5t is an av[$ly eclectic "o1 ! ,brahmoi/ 0 nev] will+ to re/ completely "u ! ,*ri/ influ5ce4 ,he gave to ,*ri/1 p]haps1 a supreme place1 b n a unique position1 9 8 life & ?\ght4 ,jesus 0 to him "o ( _m1 ?\gh p]haps a primus int] p>es4 ,x is ?is eclectic "* ( ! ,brahmo ,somaj :i* has robb$ x ( mu* ( its p[]4 ,x may seem1 at fir/1 a v f9e ?+ to collect1 classify1 & codify ! be/ f _m religions & dignify !m z a religion4 ,b t c nev] become a unifi$ message ( life to any p4 ,x may be e?ically immaculate1 b x has no vital p[]4 ,! di/9ctive1 life-giv+1 & inspir+ elem5t ( e fai? has be5 elim9at$1 & only ! common1 unimpassion$1 & un9spir+ elem5ts h be5 reta9$4 ,moreov]1 ,brahmos h fail$ to realize t ,!ism1 z su*1 has nev] satisfi$ any p z a way ( salvation4 ,x is d\btless a correct appreh5sion ( ! ,div9e ,be+4 ,b religion requires a great deal m ?an ?is 9 ! way ( exhibit+ ! *>act]i/ics ( ! ,deity1 & especially ( reveal+ ,8 attitude t[>d1 & ,8 "w =1 mank9d1 be=e x c possess & reveal ! pot5cy ( a sav+ fai?4 ,x w\ld seem z if ?is movem5t1 up to ! pres5t "t1 has j miss$ its m>k & fail$ ( a*iev+ greatness & p[]4 ,z we h se51 ! lead]s h exalt$ our ,"l 9 a wond]ful way1 & h exhibit$ ev5 a passion = ,him 9 "s ways4 ,& yet !y h robb$ ,him ( ! di/9ct uniqu5ess ( ,8 nature & ( ,8 "w = man4 ,!y are fir/ eclectics1 & !n !y are rigid ,unit>ians1 & la/ly !y are ,*ri/ians4 ,!y ne$ to rev]se ?is ord] s z to add effici5cy & pot5cy to ! ,brahmo ,somaj4 ,x is a significant fact t ,*und] ,s51 ) all 8 decl>$ love = ,*ri/ & 8 great admiration = ,him & ,8 "w1 m5tion$ nei!r ! "n nor ! sav+ "w ( ,jesus 9 ! f9al cre$ ( ! ,new ,disp5sation4 ,t cre$ is z foll[s3-- ,"o ,god1 "o ,scripture1 "o ,*ur*4 ,et]nal ,progress ( ! ,s\l4 ,communion ( ,prophets & ,sa9ts4 ,fa!rhood & ,mo!rhood ( ,god2 ,bro!rhood ( ,man & ,si/]hood ( ,woman4 ,h>mony ( ,k & ,hol9ess1 ,love & ,"w2 ,yoga & ,asceticism 9 _! highe/ developm5t4 ,loyalty to ,sov]eign4 ,x mu/ n be =gott51 h[ev]1 t ?is movem5t des]ves mu* m our comm5dation ?an our criticism4 ,x is a noble endeav\r to pass out ( an inh]it$ bondage1 a debas$ cre$1 a demoraliz$ pan!on1 & an all-embrac+ sup]/ition1 into ! full wisdom & bless+ ( a correct vision ( ,god & ,duty4 ,if !y h fail$ ( ! be/1 !y are1 nev]!less1 ) _! faces turn$ t[>d x4 ,& !re is e hope t a k9d ,provid5ce1 ?r\gh ! in/rum5tality ( ,*ri/ian ?\ght & we/]n civilization1 w lead !m unto x4 ,if !y h n accept$ our we/]n ,*ri/ianity1 x may be t ,god has some?+ bett] 9 /ore = !m1 9 tra9+ !m t[>d ! realization ( t =m ( ,*ri/ian life & ?\ght :i* w n only be m 9 consonance ) ,indian ta/e & ideals1 b w also grip ! c\ntry 9 su* a way z ! we/]n type ( our fai? has n yet be5 able to d1 & seems incapable ( do+4 ,,iv ,! ,arya ,somaj is a movem5t some:at k9dr$ to ! ,brahmo ,somaj1 9 s f> z x is a def9ite prote/ aga9/ mod]n ,h9duism & is !i/ic 9 its tea*+4 ,! ,!ism ( ?is ,somaj1 h[ev]1 is q diff]5t 9 "* f t ( ! ,brahmos4 ,dayan& ,s>aswati 0 a ,brahman1 born 9 ! ,guj>ati c\ntry ab\t #ahbe4 ,he develop$ into a man ( ke5 intellect & ( deep convictions4 ,he also /udi$ ! ,*ri/ian ,scriptures & 0 slightly v]s$ 9 ! ,h9du ,%a/ras4 ,he became dissatisfi$ ) ! ,pan!ism ( 8 "m fai?2 ! ca/e sy/em grat$ ^u 8 n]ves1 & ! idolatry & ! sup]/itions ( ! l&1 & especially ! gross immorality ( ! p1 r\s$ him to deep ?\ght & activity4 ,he appeal$ to ! ,p&its1 b f\nd no sympa?y or help f !m4 ,he f\nd 8 ,!ism 9 ! ,v$as !mselves1 & ev] aft] proclaim$1 ) great vehem5ce1 t ! ,god ( ! ,v$as 0 "o & 0 a p]sonal ,god2 & he f\nd an easy way ( int]pret+ ^? anci5t books 9 h>mony ) 8 convictions6 ,jesus ,*ri/ did n appeal to him 9 ! lea/4 ,inde$1 he indulges 9 v *eap & gross criticism ( ! life ( our ,"l4 ,8 attitude t[>d ,*ri/ianity 0 n at all k9dly2 inde$1 ! movem5t1 up to ! pres5t1 has be5 di/+ui%$ = no?+ m ?an its ho/ility to ! ,*ri/ian religion4 ,nev]!less1 x is d\btless true t "s ( ! be/ ideas t ,dayan& possess$ 7 glean$ f ! ,bible2 & ! ,arya ,somaj has le>n$ & inculcates "s ( ! important lessons ( our fai?4 ,:5 ,dayan& f\nd no enc\ragem5t 9 8 appeal to ! ,p&its1 he turn$ ultimately to ! p & f\nd$1 9 #ahge1 ! ,arya ,somaj at ,bombay4 ,& f ! fir/ ! movem5t has be5 a popul> "o1 address+ itself to ! masses & seek+ to br+ !m ov] to its way ( ?9k+ & liv+4 ,9 ?is x has be51 z we h se51 entirely remov$ f ! ,brahmo ,somaj1 :i* has be5 too cont5t to rema9 a religion ( ! classes4 ,l ! o!r movem5t1 h[ev]1 x has be5 l>gely local 9 its spread & influ5ce4 ,( its "o hundr$ ?\s& memb]s at ! pres5t "t1 m ?an #gj p] c5t are 9 ! ,unit$ ,prov9ces1 & ne>ly all ! rema9d] are 9 ! ,panjaub4 ,moreov]1 x has rec5tly ga!r$ its recruits ma9ly f ! educat$ classes1 among :om ! high] ca/es l>gely prevail2 ne>ly f\r-fif?s ( ! ,aryas are said to be ( ! twice-born ca/es1 :i* is a v significant fact4 ,s t bo? 9 its popul> "* & me?ods1 z well z 9 ! high social position & educational tra9+ ( its memb]s & 9 its rapidly gr[+ numb]s1 ! ,arya ,somaj is a movem5t ( consid]able importance4 ,! pr9ciples ( ?is ,somaj1 z enunciat$ 9 its cre$1 are n su* z to grip m5 ) p[]4 ,!y emphasize ! unity ( ,god1 ! infallibility ( ! ,v$as2 & ! g5]al aim ( ! ,somaj is to d good to ! _w by improv+ ! physical1 social1 intellectual1 moral1 & spiritual condition ( mank9d4 ,its moral code is ( a high ord]4 ,x is ?or\ghly national 9 its _s1 & makes mu* capital out ( ! pres5t _s ( racial antagonism4 ,x is a significant fact t dur+ ! rec5t season ( ,unre/ ! gov]nm5t reg>d$ ! ,arya ,somaj z a hotb$ ( s$ition & a n\ri%] ( ho/ility to ! ,we/ & to we/]n ?+s4 ,! ,arya ,somaj is awake to ! importance ( tra9+ m5 z mess5g]s ( its ,gospel ( ,!ism4 ,x has e/abli%$ a ,guru ,kula at ! foot ( ! ,himalayas1 :]e q a numb] ( "y m5 are be+ tra9$ 9 its doctr9es & suppli$ ) its en?usiasms4 ,f ?is !ological sem9>y _m h already gone =?1 9 ! or?odox /yle ( religi\s m5dicancy1 to imp>t _! tea*+ & spread _! movem5t f> & wide1 )\t any exp5se to ! society4 ,!re is to-day1 9 ,nor? ,india1 no enemy to ! ,*ri/ian cause s wide awake & s bitt] z ! ,arya ,somaj4 ,x is s ?or\ghly national 9 its _s1 is s compactly organiz$1 & l5ds itself s easily to ! racial & political agitation ( ! day1 t ,*ri/ianity f9ds 9 x its greate/ foe 9 ^? regions4 ,let x n be ?\ght1 h[ev]1 t we d n appreciate ! liv+ sp>k ( !i/ic tru? :i* ?is movem5t repres5ts1 comb9$1 z x is1 ) ho/ility to ! ca/e sy/em1 :i* is ,india's greate/ curse1 & its antagonism to _m ( ! sup]/itions & unwor?y c]emonials ( ! ance/ral fai?4 ,t movem5t mu/ n be condemn$ too sev]ely :i* is a bulw>k aga9/ dr9k1 ca/e1 idolatry1 e>ly m>riages1 & :i* vigor\sly promotes female education1 ! rem>riage ( wid[s1 & v>i\s philan?ropic in/itutions4 ,v ,x may n be improp] to close ?is *apt] ) a ref]5ce to ! ,!osophical ,society 9 ,india4 ,x is true t ! lead]s ( ?is movem5t1 :i* 0 e/abli%$ 9 ,am]ica 9 #ahge1 & transplant$ into ,india a %ort "t aft]w>d1 disav[ its claim to be+ a religion2 ?\gh t claim 0 def9itely made & w>mly pu%$ a qu>t] ( a c5tury ago4 ,x is n[ extoll$ by its memb]s z ! cem5t ( fai?s1 ! h>moniz] ( religions4 ,x is said t ,arya ,somaj became affiliat$ ) x 9 #ahgi1 ?\gh we h se5 no result ( ?is affiliation4 ,! objects ( ,!osophy are said to be ?ree3 7#a7 ,! e/abli%m5t ( a univ]sal bro!rhood4 7#b7 ,! /udy ( anci5t languages4 7#c7 ,inve/igation ( ! hidd5 my/]ies ( nature & ! lat5t psy*ical =ces ( man4 ,^! aims seem ?or\ghly wor?y1 ?\gh ! la/ m5tion$1 "u its orig9al f\nd]s1 l$ to my/ical claptrap1 & to ! abuse ( ! /rong sup]/iti\s in/9cts ( ,india4 ,! society 0 f\nd$ by a ,russian adv5turess1 ,madame ,blavatsky1 & by an ,am]ican soldi]1 ,colonel ,olcott1 :o 0 ! easy tool1 if n ! accomplice1 ( 8 clev] & unscrupul\s associate4 ,9 ! e>ly hi/ory ( ! movem5t1 at its headqu>t]s 9 ,madras1 ,madame ,blavatsky ga!r$ ar\nd h] a num]\s cot]ie ( ard5t ,h9dus1 :om %e dup$ ) v>i\s tricks & seances4 ,?is 0 ) a view to conv9c+ !m ( h] con/ant communication ) ,koo?oomi & v>i\s o!r ,tibetan ,mahatmas1 ( :om %e seem$ to be ! special ag5t6 ,^! & o!r simil> p]=mances might h cont9u$ _h x n be5 = h] ,fr5* accomplices1 :o qu>rell$ ) h]1 because %e did n pay !m adequately1 & :o expos$ h] m]cilessly4 ,! :ole matt] 0 publi%$ 9 ! ,madras ,*ri/ian ,college ,magaz9e1 & ! ,russian lady 0 spe$ily s5t away f ,india to ! ,we/ = a judici\s season ( re/4 ,! lead]s ( ,!osophy h nev] be5 unwill+ to impose ^u ! /up5d\s cr$ulity ( _! ,indian foll[]s4 ,nev]!less1 x is und5iable t1 ) all its fail+s1 ,!osophy has ex]cis$ consid]able influ5ce ^u ! educat$ classes 9 ?is c\ntry4 ,?is has result$ l>gely ?r\gh its read9ess to utilize ! rec5t movem5t ( ! p t[>d high] political privileges & _! deep _s ( religi\s unre/4 ,s9ce ! adv5t ( ,mrs4 ,besant1 ! society has be5 l>gely m\ld$ by h] erratic p[]s4 ,%e has n hesitat$ to use h] ability & influ5ce t[>d ! creation & ! developm5t ( a /rong reaction>y religi\s _s ?r\gh\t ! l&4 ,%e has bitt]ly d5\nc$ e t5d5cy among ! p t[>d ,*ri/ianity4 ,by h] eloqu5ce1 :i* is rem>kable1 %e has extoll$ ! fai? ( ,india1 & has reviv$ & embalm$ _m ( its wor/ features :i* 7 rapidly pass+ away2 & has ev5 def5d$ idolatry & k9dr$ evils by try+ to h>monize !m ) mod]n & sci5tific ideas6 ,%e has h]self become practically a ,h9du1 exp\nds ,h9du doctr9es1 & practises ,h9du c]emonies4 ,%e has p]si/5tly ma9ta9$ ea/]n ?\ght & cu/oms z aga9/ we/]n1 & has ?us ende>$ h]self to ,engli%-speak+ ,h9dus1 :o reg>d h] z ! goddess ,s>aswati h]self1 & are will+ to give h] a place 9 _! pan!on z "o ( ! great def5d]s ( _! fai? aga9/ ! mighty influ5ces ( ! ,we/6 ,9 ?is matt]1 ,mrs4 ,besant may be said to h caus$ irrep>able injury to ! p1 z %e has help$ to arre/ ! t5d5cy t[>d religi\s re=m & progress1 & has r5d]$ articulate & giv5 p[] & expression to ! reaction>y _s :i* is n[ s rampant 9 ,india4 ,m ?an any o!r p]son1 & *iefly because %e is ( ! ,we/1 & speaks 9 ! acc5ts ( ! ,we/1 %e has antagoniz$ progress 9 ?is l&1 n only religi\sly b also socially1 & has done ! greate/ diss]vice to ! p ( ,india4 ,9 h] eyes1 ,h9du philosophy & ritual1 ,h9du in/itutions & dome/ic life1 h practically no?+ to le>n f ! ,we/1 & ne$ only to be kn[n 9 ord] to be appreciat$ & lov$6 ,?is1 d\btless1 9 good "p1 acc\nts = h] pres5t popul>ity4 ,yet1 "o _c fail to recognize ! value ( "s ?+s :i* %e is do+4 ,%e has rec5tly begun to speak ) "s emphasis ^u l9es ( re=m4 ,%e has be5 in/rum5tal 9 /irr+ )9 ! p a wid] desire = high] education2 ?\gh "o c h>dly und]/& :y %e has done s mu* = ! e/abli%m5t ( a college = m51 & has done practically no?+ to advance ! educational int]e/s ( h] mu*-neglect$ sex 9 ,india4 ,^u ! dea? ( ,colonel ,olcott1 ! ,presid5t ,f\nd] ( ,!osophy1 9 #aijg1 ,mrs4 ,besant became 8 successor4 ,s f> z ! ,indian vote 0 conc]n$1 ?is 0 a =egone conclusion2 s9ce h] av[$ sympa?y ) ,h9duism 9 all its =ms _h ga9$ = h] a /rong place 9 ! ,h9du he>t4 ,! me?od by :i* %e 0 elect$1 h[ev]1 is sugge/ive ( ! future c\rse ( ! movem5t 9 ,india4 ,:5 ne>+ dea?1 ,colonel ,olcott 0 induc$ by ,mrs4 ,besant to invoke & to consult ! ,ma/]s--! conv5i5t gho/s ( ! dead--) a view to a *oice ( 8 successor 9 (fice4 ,!re 0 no d\bt ab\t 8 pref]5ce = ! ,engli%woman4 ,! ,mahatmas wisely agre$ ) ! ,colonel & ,mrs4 ,besant1 & a p[]ful fulcrum 0 secur$ = lift+ h] into ! presid5cy4 ,& ,mrs4 ,besant to-day claims t x is bett] = h] to h be5 *os5 by ! dead ?an to h be5 elect$ by ! liv+4 ,^u h] inauguration1 %e insi/$ ^u x t all ,!osophi/s mu/ cl+ to ! ,ma/]s & adh]e to _! decisions4 ,if we mi/ake n1 ?is m>ks ! beg9n+ ( a new era 9 ,!osophy1--at lea/ 9 ,india1--an era dur+ :i* ! movem5t w be entirely direct$ & work$ by ^? :o are ! au?oriz$ m\?pieces ( ! glorifi$ dead6 ,?us ! movem5t is fairly laun*$ ^u a c\rse :i* w inevitably lead x to some?+ v mu* ak9 to a religion1 ) its accumulat$ my/]ies & ) a ho/ ( propell+ sup]/itions ( its own4 ,m ?an any o!r l&1 ,india w l5d itself admirably to ! developm5t & ! propagation ( su* a cult4 ,!osophy is n repres5t$ by a v l>ge numb] ( organizations & memb]s4 ,b ! movem5t has ! sympa?y ( _m :o h n tak5 ^u !m its "n2 & ! society1 at ! pres5t "t1 is c]ta9ly 9 fav\r ) a l>ge numb] ( ! educat$ classes4 ,or?odox p&its1 h[ev]1 are ?or\ghly suspici\s ( ! movem5t2 & ,mrs4 ,besant's rec5t attempts to ?ru/ ^u !m h] own int]pretations ( c]ta9 ,h9du doctr9es--int]pretations1 too1 :i* are =eign to _! own--has l$ to a _s ( opposition1 :]e b rec5tly appreciation & fav\r exi/$4 ,!osophy1 z a h>moniz] ( fai?s1 is n likely to accompli% mu* t w be p]man5tly good4 ,religions to-day h lo/ mu* ( _! asp]ity "o t[>d ! o!r4 ,! /udy ( ,comp>ative ,religion has l$ m5 ev]y:]e to magnify ! assonances1 r ?an ! dissonances1 ( ! ,great ,_w ,fai?s4 ,!osophy magnifies into a cult ?is function ( br++ religions toge!r4 ,x ignores1 h[ev]1 ! fundam5tal diff]5ces :i* exi/1 br+s all fai?s into ! same equational value1 & assumes t !y are equally effective z ways ( salvation4 ,) su* pr(\nd ignorance ( ! ess5tial qualities ( ! fai?s :i* are to be h>moniz$1 & ) a placid assumption t ^! religions are ( ! same efficacy1 only to diff]5t peoples1 x is impossible to see h[ ,!osophy c ev] r5d] a s]vice to any ( ! fai?s or to ! p :o are _! adh]5ts :i* w n ultimately prove a diss]vice to all4 ,peace )\t tru?1 l peace )\t hon\r1 w n ultimately r$\nd to ! promotion ( religion or to ! salvation ( m54 ,:atev] ,!osophy may r5d] t[>d ! developm5t ( an ,ori5tal lit]ature w dep5d l>gely ^u its attitude t[>d tru? & religion 9 g5]al1 & t[>d ,h9duism & ,*ri/ianity 9 p>ticul>4 ,its bitt] attitude t[>d ,*ri/ianity 9 ! pa/ does n enc\rage "o to believe t h]eaft] ! lit]ature fo/]$ by x w be ei!r v imp>tial or v sane4 ,& yet we %all be ?ankful = any?+ x may accompli% 9 ! pres]vation ( ,sanskrit manuscripts & 9 ! developm5t ( a :olesome lit]ature ( any k9d on l9es purely ,ori5tal4 ,,*apt] ,,xiv ,,! ,,progress ,,( ,,*ri/ianity ,,9 ,,india ,i ,= at lea/ sev5te5 c5turies ,*ri/ianity has f\nd a home 9 ,india4 ,! ,syrian ,*ur* 0 ! fir/ to ga!r conv]ts1 & x /ill exi/s z a sep>ate sect ( #cjj1jjj s\ls 9 a small "p ( ,malab>4 ,roman ,ca?olicism1 also1 has _h "h its six c5turies ( /ruggles & v>i$ =tunes1 & n[ claims its #a1ejj1jjj foll[]s4 ,on ,july #i1 #aijf1 ! ,prote/ants celebrat$ ! bic5t5>y ( ! l&+ ( _! fir/ two mission>ies at ,tranqueb>1 on ! ,corom&el coa/4 ,zieg5balg & ,pluts*o 7 truly m5 ( ,god1 & inaugurat$ a "w :i* to-day has its ramifications 9 e "p ( ?is va/ p59sula4 ,!y introduc$ a new era ( mission>y ef=t = ,india4 ,=m] endeav\rs 7 ecclesia/ical4 ,great m51 inde$1 _h wr\ght = ,*ri/ 9 ?is l&2 b _! *ief aim _h be5 to e/abli% a religion ( =ms & c]emonies4 ,9 ! matt] ( ritual 9 religion1 ,h9duism has little to le>n f1 & has mu* to sugge/ to1 we/]n ecclesia/ics4 ,! e>ly failure ( our fai? to secure m>k$ & p]man5t success 9 ?is l& f9ds its *ief cause "h4 ,zieg5balg began 9 ! "r way4 ,he id5tifi$ himself ) ! p2 he /udi$ well _! language1 & ha/5$ to inc>nate 8 fai? 9 v]nacul> lit]ature2 &1 above all1 he proce$$ at once to translate into ! language ( ! p ! ,^w ( ,god4 ,nev] be=e _h ! ,bible be5 translat$ into an ,indian tongue4 ,aft] ?irte5 ye>s ( s]vice1 ?is great mission>y di$2 b he left to 8 successors ! h]itage ( a v]nacul> ,bible1 :i* has wr\ght mightily 9 ,s\? ,india = ! r$emption ( ! p4 ,he also set ! pace = subsequ5t mission>ies ( 8 p]suasion1 :o1 9 ^! two c5turies1 h practically translat$ ,god's ,^w into e important ,indian dialect4 ,! ,bible 9 8 own v]nacul> lies op51 invit+ e native ( ,india to-day2 & 9 _m v]nacul>s ! translation has be5 revis$ m ?an once4 ,?is /&s z a notable triumph ( ,prote/antism dur+ ^! two c5turies 9 ,india4 ,! writ] has a copy ( "o ( ! e>lie/ ,tamil books prep>$ by ^! pione]s ( our fai?4 ,^! books h already gr[n into a l>ge libr>y--! be/-develop$ ,*ri/ian lit]ature 9 any v]nacul> ( ! ,ea/4 ,all ov] ! l& mission presses are annually p\r+ =? _! _m millions ( pages bo? to n\ri% & *e] ! infant ,*ri/ian community1 & to w9 to ,*ri/ ! multiply+ read]s among non-,*ri/ians4 ,! press has already become1 p]haps1 ! mo/ important ag5cy 9 ! fur!rance ( ,*ri/ian ?\ght & life 9 ?is l&4 ,"o is impress$ ) ! manifoldness ( ! "w :i* began 9 s mu* simplicity two c5turies ago4 ,! mission>y is no long] ! prea*] "u "s %ady tree1 address+ a few ignorant1 ill-clad peasants4 ,he is actively engag$ 9 all dep>tm5ts ( ,*ri/ian ef=t4 ,a ,prote/ant mission is an elaborately organiz$ activity1 pursu+ all l9es ( "w = ! elevation ( ! p4 ,x has n only *ur*es :i* engage 9 v>i$ =ms ( pa/oral ef=t2 x has also its /aff ( evangeli/s & ,bible wom5 :o c>ry ! message ( life to all ! villages4 ,9 ^! missions !re are n only #aj1jjj day s*ools1 ) _! #cge1jjj s*ol>s1 besides #cj1jjj y\? :o are 9 ! #cjg high] in/itutions4 ,!re are also ?\s&s ( "y m5 & wom51 9 _m in/itutions1 und]go+ c>eful prep>ation z tea*]s & prea*]s4 ,!re is also ! m$ical ho/ :o treat$ #b1jjj1jjj pati5ts la/ ye>2 !re are indu/rial in/itutions "u well-tra9$ m51 peasant settlem5ts = ! poor oppress$ ryots1 & s*ools = ! bl9d & ! deaf-mute4 ,!re is h>dly an ag5cy :i* c br+ light1 com=t1 life1 & inspiration to m5 :i* is n utiliz$ by mod]n missions 9 ,india4 ,illu/ration3 ,a ,,*ri/ian ,,village ,,s*ool ,,9 ,,s\? ,,india ,b ! progress ( ^! two c5turies has be5 *iefly on l9es :i* defy ! columns ( ! /ati/ician & elude ! k5 ( ! ord9>y globe-trott]4 ,! numb] ( p t h be5 br\ght to ,*ri/1 & :o n[ repres5t ,prote/antism 9 ?is l& are1 inde$1 f> few] ?an might h be5 expect$4 ,a r\nd million ( a community aft] two c5turies ( ef=t among a population ( #cjj1jjj1jjj is n a ?+ ( :i* to boa/4 ,& ?is may seem ! m disc\rag+ :5 x is rememb]$ t !re are n[ engag$ 9 ?is "w n9ety-"o diff]5t mission>y societies ( _m l&s1 & support+ a mission>y =ce ( #djjj m5 & wom54 ,!re is also a native ,pa/orate ( #aajj orda9$ m51 ) a total ,indian ag5cy ( #bf1jjj m5 & wom54 ,s great a =ce ( work]s w\ld1 inde$1 w>rant u 9 expect+ l>g] results 9 conv]sions4 ,b x %\ld be rememb]$ t ?is ag5cy is *iefly ! product ( ! la/ few decades only1 & is n[ multiply+ 9 numb]s & increas+ 9 effici5cy at a v rapid rate4 ,at ! pres5t "t1 fully #bjj ( ! ,indian ag5ts ( our missions are univ]sity graduates1 & a /ill l>g] numb] are ( p>tial college tra9+4 ,! ,indian ,*ri/ian community itself1 ?\gh 9 ! ma9 ( l[ social orig91 has made rem>kable progress 9 education & manly indep5d5ce4 ,x is1 already1 p]haps ! be/-educat$ community 9 ,india4 ,& x is feel+ increas+ly its opportunities & its obligations4 ,x 0 only rec5tly t its gr[+ s5se ( national importance & its duties l$ x to organize a ,national ,mission>y ,society1 :i* is direct$ by ,indian lead]%ip1 support$ by ,indian funds1 & its "w is to be done by ,india's own sons4 ,?is society ent]s ^u its c>e] v auspici\sly1 & is n only symptomatic ( pres5t conditions1 b is also pregnant ) hope = ! ,indian ,*ur* ( ! future4 ,x took _m ye>s to lay deeply ! f\ndation ( our mission organization4 ,inde$1 ! f\ndation is n q complet$4 ,& yet ! "w ( sup]/ructure has already begun1 & m rapid results may n[ be expect$4 ,b ! m hidd5 & indirect results ( ,prote/ant ,*ri/ian ef=ts 9 ?is l& enc\rage ! ,*ri/ian work] m ?an all ! direct results4 ,dur+ ! la/ c5tury1 at lea/ tw5ty laws h be5 enact$ ) a view to aboli%+ cruel religi\s rites & remov+ revolt+ cu/oms & disabilities1 su* z ,h9duism1 f "t immemorial1 has e/abli%$ among ! p4 ,^! laws 7 enact$ 9 ! tee? ( opposition f ! religi\s rul]s ( ! l&1 &1 9 m cases ?an "o1 l$ to s]i\s riot & religi\s fanaticism4 ,b ! gr[+ _s ( ,*ri/ 9 ! l& c\ld n tol]ate ^! hea!ni% cu/oms2 s !y _h to g4 ,! new _s :i* has tak5 possession ( ! classes 9 ,india is 9 /rik+ contra/ ) ! _s ( ! pa/4 ,! new education1 imp>t$ on mod]n l9es1 9 ?\s&s ( in/itutions scatt]$ ov] ! l&1 has br\ght its rev5ge ( s5tim5t ^u =m] ?9k+ & believ+4 ,we/]n philosophy has _h a noble %>e 9 ! a*ievem5t2 & ! s*oolma/] has be5 a pione] 9 ! "w ( trans=m+ ! s5tim5ts & ideals ( ! p4 ,! holy m5 ( ,india1--! ecclesia/ics1--by _! cons]vatism1 h lo/ all influ5ce ov] ! _m ?\s&s :o h pass$ ?r\gh ! univ]sities1 & :o repres5t ! intellig5ce1 culture1 & advanc+ p[] ( ,india4 ,x is no empty boa/ to claim t our mission s*ools & colleges h _h a conspicu\s %>e 9 ?is "w ( enlight5m5t1 & 9 ! trans=mation ( popul> & fundam5tal ?\ghts & s5tim5ts4 ,! religi\s unre/ ( ! day is "o ( ! mo/ prom95t features ( ?is advance4 ,x is true t1 dur+ ! la/ few ye>s1 !re pass$ ov] ,india a peculi> wave ( religi\s reaction 9 fav\r ( old ,h9du conceptions & anci5t rites4 ,b ^! are entirely ! result ( a new & vigor\s1 ?\gh n sane1 patriotism4 ,a l\d cry ( ,swade%a 7homel&7 has swept ov] ! c\ntry4 ,x dem&s affection & acceptance = ev]y?+ t is ( ! ,ea/1 & ! opposite s5tim5ts = ?+s we/]n4 ,all t is ( ,h9du orig91 & ev]y?+ ( ea/]n aspect1 is1 = t v reason1 reg>d$ z s\nd & delectable4 ,( c\rse1 ?is reaction has f\nd its wide/ utt]ances 9 matt]s religi\s2 & ,h9du m5 ( we/]n culture to-day w applaud1 ?\gh !y w n practise1 religi\s cu/oms & ideas :i* 7 laugh$ at by _! class a qu>t] ( a c5tury ago4 ,z a matt] ( fact1 h[ev]1 ?is wild ,ori5talism is a ?+ :i* %\ld nei!r be disc\rag$ nor condemn$4 ,x ne$s balance & sanity2 b x is a true expression ( ! awak5$ self-ass]tion & ! dawn+ s5se ( lib]ty among ! p4 ,9 "t1 ! movem5t w become *a/5$1 & w ?r[ (f mu* ( its pres5t folly4 ,x w !n r5d] = ,india & its r$emption m ?an any?+ else has 9 ! pa/4 ,9 ! mean:ile1 h[ev]1 !re is a quiet revolution1 bo? religi\s & social1 do+ its bless$ "w 9 all sections ( ! community4 ,new religi\s organizations h sprung into exi/5ce & are w9n+ foll[]s among ! be/ memb]s ( ! community4 ,! ,brahmo ,somaj & v>i\s o!r ,somajes furni%1 z we h se51 asylum & re/ = _m m5 ( culture :o h ab&on$ poly!ism & all t p]ta9s to x4 ,! ,arya ,somaj appeals to1 & ga!rs 91 m5 f all ranges4 ,social re=m has its organizations & its ga!r+s all ov] ! l& :]e ! ,h9du orator f9ds abundant opportunity to d5\nce ! social evils :i* are a curse to all ! p2 &1 alas6 !n returns to 8 home1 :]e he meekly submits to ^! same social tyrannies :i* dom9ate 8 own family4 ,:at ,india ne$s to-day1 m ?an any?+ else1 is ev5 a small b& ( m5 :o are imbu$ ) convictions & :o are will+ to die = ! same4 ,india's r$emption w be nigh :5 x c furni% a few ?\s& su* m5 b&$ toge!r to d some?+ or to die 9 ! cause ( re=m4 ,x is ,prote/antism :i* has laid gr[+ emphasis ^u ! e?ical1 r ?an ! ecclesia/ical1 aspect ( our fai?2 & to ?is fact c be attribut$ mo/ ( its influ5ce 9 ! developm5t ( ?is new life & ?\ght4 ,( c\rse1 ! ,briti% gov]nm5t has politically & socially repres5t$ & promot$ ^! ideas4 ,x c\ld n d o!rwise & be true to its own pr9ciples4 ,its influ5ce has be5 ! mo/ p]vasive & m>k$ 9 ! developm5t ( :at is be/ 9 ?\ght & true/ 9 life4 ,p]haps no *ange has ov]tak5 ,prote/ant missions dur+ ^! two c5turies great] ?an t :i* has trans=m$ ! mission>ies !mselves4 ,!re is a wide gulf betwe5 ,zieg5balg & ,c>ey4 ,!re is a /ill wid] "o betwe5 ! ,c>ey ( a c5tury ago & 8 great-gr&son :o is a mission>y 9 ,nor? ,india to-day4 ,9 devotion & zeal = ! ,ma/]1 !y are all "o2 b 9 _! conception ( ,*ri/ianity1 ( ,h9duism1 & ( ! mission>y motive1 !y are mu* wid] ap>t ?an _m imag9e4 ,x %\ld also be rememb]$ t ,prote/ant mission>ies1 z a body1 are no long] isolat$ f ea* o!r & animat$ by mutual suspicions & impell$ by petty jeal\sies1 z 9 ! pa/4 ,_! developm5t 9 amity1 comity1 & organiz$ fell[%ip1 ev5 dur+ ! la/ decade1 is m>vell\s4 ,f$]ation & organic ecclesia/ical union are becom+ ! ord] ( ! day4 ,f\r d5om9ations ( ,am]ica & ,scotl& are n[ p]fect+ su* a s*eme 9 ,s\? ,india2 & ?is is only ! beg9n+ ( an ev] exp&+ movem5t = ,*ri/ian fell[%ip all ov] ! l&4 ,no "o kn[s :at gr& results x w a*ieve4 ,we all "k1 h[ev]1 t ! frat]nal reg>d1 sympa?y1 & confid5ce is f> remov$ f ! sad divisiv5ess ( ! pa/1 t x is pregnant ) bless+ 9 ! com+ ( ! ,k+dom ( ,god1 & t x is f> 9 advance ( ! _s ( union :i* prevails 9 ,engl& or ,am]ica4 ,9 ?is we believe t ! ,ea/ is to op5 ! way = ! ,we/4 ,^! & _m o!r facts enc\rage ^? :o look to ! spe$y ,*ri/ianiz+ ( ?is l&4 ,& yet we _c1 ,i repeat1 ignore ! fact ( ! relative meagr5ess ( ! results4 ,x is a sad tru? t ! total ,prote/ant ,indian community1 at ! pres5t "t1 is only "o ?ree-hundr$? "p ( ! population6 ,i w\ld n be pessimi/ic1 h[ev]1 ev5 9 ?is matt] ( num]ical gr[?4 ,9 ! pa/1 we h too mu* made a feti* ( figures1 & our fai? has be5 too mu* p9n$ to /ati/ics4 ,b ! lessons ( hi/ory mu/ be well le>n$ & ?or\ghly dige/$1 if ! future ( ,*ri/ianity is to improve ^u h] pa/ 9 ,india4 ,=1 be x rememb]$1 ,*ri/ianity nev] met ) s d\ghty a foe z t :i* confronts x 9 ?is l&4 ,! anci5t fai?s ( ,greece & ,rome1 :i* ,*ri/ianity ov]came1 7 infantile & imbecile z comp>$ ) ! subtle wisdom & ! mighty resi/ance ( ,brahmanism4 ,! conditions ( ! conflict 9 ,india are diff]5t f ^? ev] met be=e by our militant fai?4 ,! subtle & dead5+ philosophy ( ! l&1 ! haughty pride ( its religi\s lead]s1 ! great in]tia ( ! p1 ! mighty tyranny ( ca/e1 ! debas+ ritual ( ,h9duism & its debau*+ idolatry1--all ^! con/itute a resi/+ =tress ^: ov]?r[ seems all b impossible4 ,,ii ,& yet ,i /rongly believe 9 ! ultimate triumph ( our fai? 9 ,india4 ,"u ,god ?is mighty =tress ( ,h9duism w capitulate4 ,nor d ,i ?9k t ! day ( ,*ri/ian dom9ance is s f> away z _m mission>ies are incl9$ to ?9k4 ,!re is an accumulation ( =ces & a multiplication ( spiritual p[]s :i* are n[ op]at+ 9 behalf ( our fai? & aga9/ ! ance/ral religion ( ,india1 su* z w "w wond]s 9 ! future religi\s developm5t ( ! l&4 ,b ?is conque/ ( our fai? w n be t :i* too _m ( u are wont to anticipate & to pray =4 ,! religi\s =ms ( life & ( ?\ght1 :i* we ( ! ,we/ h inh]it$ & 9 ^: environm5t we h gr[n up1 we h come to id5tify ) ! ess5ce ( our religion2 & x seems all b impossible = u to ?9k ( a ,*ri/ianity ap>t f ^! outw>d =ms4 ,i believe t !re is to be a rude awak5+ = our *ildr5 & gr&*ildr51 if n = ourselves1 9 ?is matt]4 ,! we/]n type ( ,*ri/ianity w n survive ! conflict 9 ,india4 ,we/]n modes ( ?\ght & =ms ( belief w be supplant$ by ^? bett] suit$ to ! l&4 ,occid5tal doctr9es & aspects ( our fai? w give way to ^? conceiv$ f ! ,ori5tal /&po9t4 ,i believe1 = in/ance1 t ! mo/ mis*iev\s doctr9e ( pan!ism w surr5d] its elem5ts ( tru? 7= x has an important admixture ( tru?7 to ! =mation ( a new conception ( ,god1 :i* w appeal to & captivate ! ,indian m9d & he>t4 ,inde$1 we are witness+1 ?is v day1 ev5 9 ! f> ,we/1 ! influ5ce ( ,india 9 h] moni/ic ov]emphasis ^u ! div9e imman5ce1 work+ t[>d a new ,*ri/ian conception ( ,god4 ,mod]n int]*ange ( ?\ght is ?us giv+ to ,india1 ev5 9 ,am]ica1 h] influ5ce 9 ! %ap+ ( mod]n belief4 ,& if x be ?us 9 matt]s ( fundam5tal belief1 mu* m w x be s 9 matt]s ( outw>d expression & 9 ! uness5tial =ms ( ,*ri/ian tru?4 ,"s ( u ( ! ,we/ are see+ increas+ly ! s]i\s incongruity :i* exi/s betwe5 our way ( ?9k+ & ( putt+ our ?\ght into liv+ =m1 & ! way ( ! p ab\t u4 ,& we are n conv9c$1 z we p]haps once 71 t x is ! obtus5ess1 or ! religi\s p]v]sity1 ( ! ,indian m9d :i* is ! cause ( ?is4 ,! soon] ! bett] we realize t betwe5 ! p ( ! ,ea/ & ( ! ,we/ !re is a wide m5tal gulf :i* may1 inde$1 by our associat+ toge!r1 be n>r[$1 b nev] elim9at$4 ,& ! outw>d type ( ,*ri/ianity1 aft] we/]n pressure has be5 tak5 away f ?is l&1 w dep5d ^u ! m5tal make-up & peculi> spiritual aspect ( ! ,indian ,*ri/ian4 ,& until he is able to furni% & to en=ce ?is1 :i* ,i call ! ,ori5tal type ( ,*ri/ianity1 he w nev] be able to make 8 fai? appeal to 8 bro!rs1 & to make x an indig5\s fai? 9 ,india4 ,nor d ,i ?9k t ! ,*ri/ianity :i* is to prevail 9 ,india w be encas$ 9 ! pres5t ecclesia/icism :i* assumes & claims monopoly ( our fai?4 ,i c conceive ! possibility ( !re be+ a va/ am\nt ( ,*ri/ianity--a liv+ & a self-propagat+ ,*ri/ianity--outside ! pale ( organiz$ & in/itutional ,*ri/ianity 9 ,india4 ,x is s 9 ! ,we/ to-day4 ,! organiz$ *ur*es ( ! ,we/ h )9 !mselves an ev] dim9i%+ portion ( ! vital ,*ri/ian life & aspirations ( ! c\ntry4 ,*ri/ianity has ov]leapt ecclesia/ic b\nds4 ,its _s is ov]fl[+1 9 liv+ /reams1 into ! life ( a ?\s& organizations :i* are altrui/ic & philan?ropic1 outside ! limits ( ecclesia/ical ,*ri/ianity4 ,x w be s 9 ,india1 & ?r\gh\t ! _w4 ,& ! ,*ri/ian ,*ur* mu/ take ?is into acc\nt & %ape its policy accord+ly4 ,h[ev] ?is may be1 ,ea/ ,indians w increas+ly claim1 z ! ,japanese are n[ claim+1 ! "r to decide = !mselves ! =ms ( polity & ! types ( ritual :i* !y w *oose & cultivate z _! own4 ,i d n say1 ( c\rse1 t ! pres5t =ms w be entirely disc>d$4 ,b !y w be s modifi$ & supplem5t$ t !y w pres5t an ecclesia/ical type ( _! own4 ,& :y %\ld !y n1 if our fai? is to fit well ! ,ori5tal m9d1 & is to become a graci\s p[] 9 its life8 ,! gr[+ opposition among ! educat$ m5 ( ,india1 at ! pres5t "t1 is n really antagonism to ,*ri/ianity itself1 b to its we/]n g>b & _s4 ,& !re is mu* reason = ?is attitude ( m9d4 ,conciliation & adaptation has n be5 ! *>act]i/ic ( ! m9d ( ! ,we/ 9 pres5t+ its fai? to ! ,ea/4 ,?is did n make s mu* diff]5ce1 s long z ! ,indian 0 submissive & _h n wak$ up to ! _s ( self-ass]tion4 ,b to-day1 :5 t _s is s rampant1 & :5 a new nationalism & a half-spuri\s patriotism glories 9 ev]y?+ ea/]n & is annoy$ by all t is we/]n1 ! matt] ( adaptation has become all-important4 ,! relative b>r5ness ( our fai? dur+ pa/ c5turies 9 ,india 0 l>gely1 if n entirely1 due to its =eign ecclesia/ical =ms & its %ibbole?s pron\nc$ 9 =eign tongues4 ,! ,*ri/ianity ( ! future 9 ,india mu/ brea! ( ! _s1 & speak =? 9 ! language & life1 ( ! p4 ,i am incl9$ to believe t ! battle cry ( ! ,*ri/ian ,*ur* w soon be lo/ 9 ! ev] swell+ tide ( en?usiasm = ! ,k+dom ( ,god4 ,*ri/ians w seek less to promote ?is or t d5om9ation1 & m & m to cause to come 9 p[] ! ,k+dom ( ,heav54 ,& ,india is a l& :i* w l5d itself v readily to ?is transf] ( emphasis4 ,!re is mu* 9 ! my/ical type ( ! ,h9du m9d t leads u to anticipate preem95ce = ,india 9 ?is *ange ( emphasis f outw>d organization to deep-work+ spiritual =ces & realities4 ,india1 :i* has be5 ! mo/ prolific l& 9 giv+ bir? to religions1 & 9 be+ at pres5t ! asylum ( all ! great fai?s ( ! _w1 w n be sl[ to give to ,*ri/ianity t =m & aspect :i* w mo/ please h]4 ,x is !re=e important t all ! ,*ri/ian lead]s ( ,india %\ld n only take note ( ^! facts1 b %\ld also d _! utmo/ to help 9 ! desir$ consummation1 & make ,*ri/ianity 9 ,india a fai? t w appeal to e man & woman 9 ! l&4 ,,iii ,! conque/ ( our fai? 9 ,india w be n ! less1 b ! m1 ?or\gh1 because x w be n only ( ! lett] b also & *iefly ( ! _s4 ,!re are a few ?+s :i* are fundam5tal to our fai?1 & :i* w become ! univ]sal & p]man5t possession ( ,india4 #a4 ,! _s & pr9ciples ( ,*ri/ianity w prevail & w dom9ate ! l&4 ,*ri/ian1 z di/9ct f ,h9du1 pr9ciples are already mak+ wond]ful headway 9 ! c\ntry4 ,_m new in/itutions h be5 organiz$ 9 ! l&1 ^: pr9ciples are ^? ( ,*ri/1 & n ( ,manu4 ,ev5 ! olde/ in/itutions ( ! c\ntry are becom+ affect$ by ! desire to appe> mod]n1 :i* really means an ambition to introduce ,*ri/ian me?ods & pr9ciples4 ,educat$ ,h9dus1 especially1 add to ?is ! peculi> weakness ( int]pret+ ?+s ,h9du by a ,*ri/ian t]m9ology4 ,! philosophy :i* !y h imbib$ & ! /&po9t to :i* !y h be5 accu/om$ are we/]n &1 *iefly1 ,*ri/ian4 ,s t :5 !y /udy _! own fai? !y d s ) ^! ,*ri/ian prepossessions2 & ev5 :5 !y def5d _! ance/ral religion1 !y really def5d n ! indig5\s product ( ,india1 su* z is taught by ! ,h9du p&it & believ$ by ! mass ( ! p1 b ,h9duism ,*ri/ianiz$ & clo!d 9 ! g>b ( ! ,we/ & spok5 9 ! acc5ts ( a ,*ri/ian4 ,h9du ,swamis1 :o h be5 educat$ 9 ,*ri/ian mission s*ools1 & h sp5t a few ye>s 9 ! f> ,we/1 surr\nd$ by a ,*ri/ian atmosph]e1 imbib+ ,*ri/ian s5tim5ts1 & unconsci\sly adopt+ ! ,*ri/ian viewpo9t1 return to ,india ^u a wave ( popul> excitem5t & give public addresses & receive ! plaudits ( _! grateful c\ntrym54 ,b :at is x t su* m5 z ,vivekan&a & ,abh$an&a1 & all ! re/ ( ! ,an&a tribe1 tea* ^u _! return to ,india8 ,x is c]ta9ly n an or?odox ,h9duism1 nor is x ! pure philosophy ( ! ,ea/4 ,x is r a /range comp\nd 9 :i* ,*ri/ianity figures z prom95tly z does ,h9duism1 &1 p]haps1 m conspicu\sly4 ,:at 0 ! ca/e sy/em rec5tly enunciat$ by ,abh$an&a 9 ,madras8 ,x is c]ta9ly n a ?+ kn[n 9 ,india by t "n4 ,& ,i h no d\bt t 8 :ole audi5ce smil$ :5 he pres5t$ 8 conception ( a ca/e sy/em s =eign to all ,h9du ideas & practice4 ,x is j s ) 8 ,v$antism1 & ) 8 int]pretation ( all ! religi\s tea*+s ( ?is l&4 ,!y are n[ con/ru$ 9 t]ms =eign to ! ri%i & to ! p&it4 ,b 7& ?is ! po9t ,i wi% to emphasize7 ^! int]pretations meet increas+ly ) ! applause & acceptance ( educat$ ,h9du audi5ces4 ,9 o!r words1 a ,*ri/ian col\r+ & glam\r ?r[n ov] ,h9duism is add+ to its popul>ity 9 ! l&4 ,9 ! g5]al way ( look+ at religi\s ?+s1 & especially ( appreh5d+ religi\s ?\ght1 !re is to-day almo/ z wide a gulf betwe5 ! educat$ & cultur$ ,h9du1 on ! "o h&1 & ! au?oriz$ religi\s in/ructors ( ,india1 on ! o!r1 z !re is betwe5 ! same le>n$ man ( ! ,ea/ & ! ?\ghtful man ( ! ,we/4 ,or1 if we look at ! multiply+ in/itutions ( ! c\ntry1 :i* truly repres5t ! ?\ghts & s5tim5ts ( ! lead+ p ( ,india1 we c easily see t !y are imbu$ ) non-,h9du1 if n anti-,h9du1 ideas & motives4 ,! v>i\s ,somajes & o!r religi\s movem5ts1 :i* mean s mu* 9 ! life ( ,india to-day1 are m or less an endeav\r to int]pret life f a non-,h9du /&po9t1 :i* (t5 means a ,*ri/ian /&po9t4 ,9 any case1 ! religi\s re=m movem5ts ( ,india at ! pres5t "t brea! l>gely ! _s ( rebellion aga9/ old ,h9du conceptions4 ,:5 we ?9k ( su* important movem5ts z t ( ,social ,re=m1 we c see ! _s ( ,*ri/ianity completely dom9ant1 & 9 %>p anti!sis to ,h9du tea*+ & ritual4 ,! ,social ,re=m movem5t 9 ,india is ! _s ( ,*ri/ianity1 try+ to express itself ) z little (f5ce z possible to or?odox ,h9duism1 & yet con/antly antagoniz+ its deepe/ pr9ciples & eat+ into its v vitals4 ,! two =ces :i*1 next to direct ,*ri/ian ef=t1 d mo/ = ! promulgation ( ,*ri/ian pr9ciples 9 ?is l&1 are ! public s*ools & ! gov]nm5t itself4 ,! educational sy/em :i* n[ prevails1 & :i* is gr[+ 9 p[]1 is di/9ctly a promot] ( ,*ri/ian ?\ght & pr9ciple4 ,we (t5 call ^! s*ools godless2 b we d !m an inju/ice4 ,_! "w may be l>gely negative2 b _! tea*+ turns ! m9d ( ! "y away f ! silly sup]/itions & ! absurd practices ( popul> ,h9duism1 & e/abli%es mod]n conceptions1 :i*1 inde$1 are ,*ri/ian conceptions ( life & ( conduct4 ,! gov]nm5t is1 9 an important s5se1 e/abli%$ ^u ,*ri/ian pr9ciples2 & 9 all its adm9i/rative processes exemplifies ! ,*ri/ian1 z di/9ct f ! ,h9du & ,brahmanic1 view ( ju/ice & ( "r conduct2 s t1 if "o 7 able to p]ceive cle>ly ! spiritual =ces at "w 9 ! in/itutional & social life ( ,india1 he w\ld see n only t ! f\ndation1 b also t l>gely ! sup]/ructure1 is becom+ ,*ri/ian 9 its "*4 #b4 ,9 ! second place1 ! ,*ri/ ,ideal ( ,life is acquir+ ev] increas+ attraction & p[] 9 ! l&4 ,india has nev] possess$ an inc>nat$ ideal ( h] own4 ,no god 9 all h] pan!on1 & n "o among all h] noble sages1 has ev] pos$ be=e ! foll[]s ( ,h9duism1 or has ev] be5 ?\ght ( by ,h9du devotees1 z ! exempl> ( m5 & ! ideal ( human life4 ,to _m ?\s&s :o are outw>d memb]s ( ! ,h9du fai?1 & :o w\ld n dream ( be+ baptiz$ into in/itutional ,*ri/ianity1 ,jesus ,*ri/ has become ! ,ideal ( ,life4 ,he repres5ts to !m t moral type ( p]fection & e?ical nobility ( manhood to :i* !y daily aspire4 ,kri%na may be prais$ by ! millions1 not)/&+ 8 immoralities2 & ,rama may be extoll$ & ev5 lov$ = 8 limit$ virtue2 ,yudhi/ra may be call$ ,dh>man1 not)/&+ 8 unrighte\s passion = ! dice4 ,b ,*ri/ only1 9 ! eyes ( mod]n educat$ ,india1 /&s ! p]fect te/ ( "*4 ,all ov] ! l&1 ,h9dus ( culture1 ( s]i\s ?\ght1 & ( ambition to rea* aft] high e?ical /&>ds see 9 ,jesus ,*ri/ ! only inspiration & immaculate example ( life t all hi/ory1 my?1 & leg5d pres5t4 ,& !re is n a t[n 9 ,india to-day :]e !re are n f\nd ^! m5 ( p[] & influ5ce :o are /udy+ eag]ly ! life ( ,jesus1 are pond]+ ov] ! ,gospel n>ratives2 & are read+ su* books ( ,*ri/ian devotion z ,?omas a ,kempis's ,imitation ( ,*ri/4 ,?is la/-nam$ book is n[ be+ translat$ by a ,brahman g5tleman1 a fri5d ( ! writ]1 & publi%$ by a ,h9du firm = its ,h9du read]s6 ,i h kn[n su* m5 = _m ye>s1 & am assur$ t _! tribe is increas+2 !y are m5 :o = ! fir/ "t h f\nd ! deepe/ ye>n+s ( _! s\l answ]$ 9 ! example ( ,jesus4 ,ask any ( !m = _! reason1 & !y w tell y t ,*ri/ is ( ! ,ea/1 l !mselves1 & t ,8 example appeals to !m ) unique p[]4 ,9 ,india1 ! ideal ( life has be5 "o ( re/ra9t4 ,/>t+ ) ! conviction t human life is an unmix$ evil1 ! re/ra9t ( passion & ! elim9ation ( e human emotion 7! be/ z well z ! wor/7 has be5 to ! ,h9du ! goal & consummation ( life4 ,no?+ c be m inadequate ?an ?is2 & ! ,h9du is beg9n+ to feel x4 ,jesus repres5ts ,culture & ,re/ra9t4 ,) him ! re/ra9t ( ! l[] passions is ) a view to ! culture ( ! high]4 ,! man ( s9 mu/ die1 t ! man ( ,god may live & prosp]4 ,?is is ! ,*ri/ ideal1 z oppos$ to ! ,brahmanic4 ,& ! leav5 ( ?is ideal ( life is spread+ all ov] ,india & is trans=m+ ! aspirations ( millions4 ,!re is no?+ m inspir+ or com=t+ ?an ! assurance :i* we h t ! ,*ri/ life is becom+ ! dom9ant ideal among ! classes ( ,india1 z x is to a less degree among ! masses4 ,a ,brahman g5tleman _h ! presumption to say to me1 rec5tly1 t he & 8 fell[-,brahmans & o!r ,h9dus 7 able to und]/& ! ,*ri/ mu* bett] ?an we ( ! ,we/4 ,he also claim$ t !y c\ld und]/& ! deep significance & ! delicate %ad+ ( ,8 ?\ght bett] ?an we :o are n ( ! ,ea/1 l !m4 ,z a man :o _h taught & _h tri$ to live ! ,*ri/ 9 ?is l& = m ?an a qu>t] ( a c5tury1 ,i smil$ at ! audacity ( 8 rem>k4 ,& yet ,i knew t t man _h visions ( ,*ri/ t ,i _h n2 & t he has a fondness = ,?omas a ,kempis's book1 beyond1 p]haps1 :at ,i myself possess4 ,!re are aspects ( ! tea*+ & ( ! life ( ,jesus :i* appeal m p[]fully to 8 ,ori5tal & deeply my/ical nature ?an !y c possibly to ! m9ds ( all we/]n m54 ,( "o ?+1 h[ev]1 ,i am assur$2 namely1 t !re is a gr[+ ho/ ( ,h9dus 9 high position1 & 9 l[1 :o are enam\r$ ( t ideal ( life :i* our ,"l taught & exemplifi$2 & ! fact t !y int]pret t life diff]5tly f myself causes me less sorr[ ?an x does a desire to und]/& bett] _! /&po9t ( appreciation4 #c4 ,i believe also t ! ,inc>nation ( our ,"l1 9 its uniqu5ess & supreme p[] z ! true manife/ation ( ,god1 is f9d+ rapidly increas+ appreciation among ! p ( ,india4 ,india is ! l& ( a myriad inc>nations4 ,! doctr9e has run to se$1 z x 71 among ?is p4 ,!y are burd5$ ) ! excess ( _! eag]ness to f9d ,god1 & ) _! manifold imag9ation 9 giv+ ,him =m & e>?ly exi/5ce4 ,!re is no doctr9e 9 ,h9duism :i* has be5 c>ri$ to su* a r$uctio ad absurdum4 ,h9dus to-day w\ld gladly accept ,*ri/ z "o ( ,vi%nu's inc>nations1 if ,*ri/ians w\ld p]mit4 ,i am n sure b t ! t5? inc>nation ( ,vi%nu 0 meant to repres5t ,*ri/4 ,9 any case1 _! gr[+ famili>ity ) ,him is gradually creat+ 9 _! m9ds a disgu/ ) ! mon/rosities ( _! own inc>nations4 ,_m ( !m are le>n+ t ,god's ,inc>nation 9 ,*ri/ is ! only "o :i* has desc5d$ to ! e>? = ! spiritual uplift+ & r$emption ( our race2 &1 !re=e1 t x is ! only inc>nation :i* has )9 itself ! se$ ( p]man5ce & ( univ]sality4 ,! petty1 grotesque1 & local desc5ts ( ,india w satisfy no "o 9 ^! days ( gr[+ bread? & union1 :5 ! p are aspir+ aft] an all-,india nationality4 ,9 ,*ri/ only is ,india f9d+ ! p]fect revelation ( ,god1 because ,he alone reveal$ ,him z ! ,fa!r ( b\ndless love2 ,god1 ! ,fa!r ( all m51 lov+ !m ) an inf9ite passion & seek+ !m ev5 unto dea?1--t is ! message ( ! ,*ri/ian ,inc>nation4 ,& h[ /rangely does x contra/ ) ! moral obliquity & selfi% indiff]5ce to human int]e/ :i* *>act]ize ,h9du inc>nations6 ,9 ,*ri/ d we f9d t ,god is ! ev] pres5t1 p]sonal1 lov+ ,fa!r1 seek+ to br+ home aga9 ,8 lo/ *ildr54 ,he is supremely j & holy z ,rul] & ,provid]2 b ,8 ju/ice & hol9ess are illum9$ & transfus$ by ,8 love4 ,& z ! ,et]nal ,_s ,he is /riv+ 9 ! he>ts ( m5 to br+ !m to ,himself4 ,?is is ! inc>nation :i* is ga9+ ev] increas+ p[] 9 ?is l& & ^: wor%ip is spread+ f ,cape ,comor9 to ! ,himalayas4 #d4 ,! cross ( ,*ri/ w be accept$ 9 ,india z ! highe/ expression ( ,god's love to man4 ,x is true t1 among _m ,h9dus to-day1 z among ! ,greeks & ,jews ( old1 ! cross ( ,*ri/ is an (f5ce & a /umbl+-block4 ,! idea ( vic>i\s atonem5t runs c\nt] to ! long-*]i%$ doctr9e ( ,k>ma4 ,& x is possible t ! univ]sal preval5ce ( ! ,k>ma doctr9e 9 ! l& w give to ! doctr9e ( atonem5t ! same "o-sid$ aspect :i* x has obta9$ among _m ,*ri/ians ( ! ,we/1 9 ! pres5t day1 :]eby ! elem5t ( vic>i\sness1 or its ,god-w>d effici5cy1 has be5 consid]ably elim9at$4 ,!y may rema9 cont5t to consid] ! cross m]ely z a supreme manife/ation ( love1 z t "p ( ! div9e example :i* has inf9ite p[] to attract m5 t[>d ! highe/ life ( l[e/ s]vice & self-effacem5t4 ,h[ev] ?is may be1 at pres5t1 ! cross 9 ,india has m significance ?an ! trid5t to ! ,h9du4 ,& ! language ( ! cross appeals ) increas+ =ce to all m5 ( ?\ght4 ,& ,i am enc\rag$ to ?9k t ! mod]n comm5dable habit1 among educat$ ,h9dus1 ( h>k+ back to ! olde/ & ! be/ ( _! religi\s writ+s1 may c>ry ,india away aga9 f its emphasis ^u ,k>ma to ! orig9al1 pre-,buddhi/ic idea ( vic>i\sness1 :51 = in/ance1 9 ! ,puru%a ,suk?a ( ! ,rig ,v$a1 ! ,puru%a is repres5t$ z be+ sacrific$ by ! gods4 ,9 ! ,brahmanas1 also1 x is said t ! ,prajaba?i sacrific$ himself 9 behalf ( ! gods4 ,inde$1 x has be5 well said t ! doctr9e ( ,k>ma itself1 z connect$ ) ! doctr9e ( transmigration1 c>ries )9 itself a /rong elem5t ( vic>i\sness2 s9ce ! p]son suff]+ 9 ?is bir? kn[s no?+ ( ! exp]i5ces ( a suppos$ previ\s bir?1 & is1 !re=e1 suff]+ = a pa/ ( :i* he is ignorant & = :i* 8 consci5ce _c hold him responsible4 #e4 ,i believe1 also1 t ! ,*ri/ian conception ( s9 is ga9+ ev] wid5+ acceptance 9 ,india & w ultimately prevail z aga9/ ! ,h9du idea4 ,! doctr9e ( atonem5t & ! doctr9e ( s9 are intimately relat$2 :]e ! atonem5t is ignor$ or slight$1 ! conception ( s9 is apt to lose its e?ical cont5t & to become =mal4 ,india1 ?r\gh ,buddha1 ab&on$1 l>gely1 its long-*]i%$ pr9ciple ( vic>i\sness & ! multiplicity ( its sacrifices4 ,! consequ5ce has be5 ! gradual emasculation ( ! pr9ciple ( atonem5t1 until ! ^w has become empti$ ( cont5t & degrad$ s z to mean only ! eat+ ( a fil?y pill because ( a c]ta9 c]emonial uncleanness1 :i* all ! be/ p ( ! l& "k to be no uncleanness :atev]4 ,x is natural1 "u ^! circum/ances1 to see ! idea ( s9 also cease to h ref]5ce to moral obliquity & violation ( e?ical pr9ciples1 & to ref] only to intellectual bl9dness & 7m commonly7 to c]emonial laxness & rituali/ic malfeasance4 ,x is n surpris+1 !re=e1 t "u ?is d\ble dep>ture f ! tru?1 consci5ce %\ld h lo/ its place ( importance & ( au?ority to s l>ge an ext5t 9 ?is l&4 ,b ! day ( bett] ?+s has dawn$ ^u ,india4 ,! e?ical concept & ! moral significance ( life are beg9n+ to grip ,india v ?or\ghly4 ,& ,i believe t ! day w soon come :5 s9 w cease to be connect$ ) intellectual delusion & ignorance1 & also ) c]emonial irregul>ity1 & w be recogniz$ 9 its true moral hide\sness z a ?+ ( w1 & n ( intellect1 a ?+ ( deepe/ life1 & n ( pu]ile ritual4 ,?us1 ) ! com+ ( ,*ri/ & ! emphasis ( we/]n ?\ght & we/]n civilization ^u moral integrity & nobility ( "*1 !re is gr[+ also a vision ( s9 9 its "r col\r & p]spective4 ,! gradual tra9+ ( ! p 9 ,briti% law & 9 ! social e?ics ( ! ,we/1 & 9 ! true mean+ ( ! righte\sness ( ! ,k+dom ( ,god z promulgat$ by ! ,*ri/ian fai?1 w1 erelong1 drive out ! old pan!i/ic idea proclaim$ by ,vivekan&a1 :5 he said t ! only s9 t man 0 capable ( 0 ! s9 ( reg>d+ himself z a s9n]6 ,x w also make x impossible = murd]]s to excuse !mselves1 z "o did rec5tly to our k1 z he 0 l$ to be execut$1 by say+ t x 0 n he1 b ! god )9 him1 t slew ! man6 ,india is really pass+ ?r\gh a quiet1 b1 nev]!less1 a mighty e?ical revolution4 ,its fundam5tal pr9ciples ( morality & ( religion1 z ! int]pret]s ( life1 are be+ rapidly trans=m$4 ,*ri/ianity is s[+ ev]y:]e its se$ ( life & ( "*1 z !y are exemplifi$ 9 ! p]fect life ( ,jesus1 & are elaborat$ 9 ! f\r ,gospels1 9 comp>ison ) :i* ! message ( ! f\r ,v$as & ( all subsequ5t ,h9du lit]ature is b z ! d>k & feeble grop+ ( ! bl9d aft] light4 ,^!1 !n1 are ! five fundam5tal aspects ( our fai? :i* are among ! et]nal v]ities & :i* h come to ,india smil+ ) ! impress ( univ]sality1 & :i* are f9d+ gradual acceptance 9 all portions ( ! l&4 ,^! repres5t :at "o has aptly call$ ,sub/antive ,*ri/ianity1 z di/9ct f ,adjectival ,*ri/ianity1 :i* m5 are prone to ov]emphasize & to exalt unto ! heav5s4 ,?is latt] we may love & *]i% & promote ) all our he>ts2 b x is sectional1 p>tial1 & transitory4 ,! =m]1 on ! o!r h&1 is abid+1 & w %9e ?r\gh\t ! ages ( et]nity4 ,x w gr[ 9 influ5ce & increase 9 its preval5ce ?r\gh\t ?is l& until we all c say1 ) ! late ,*und] ,s51 & ) mu* m assurance ?an he1 ,none b ,jesus is wor?y to we> ?is diadem1 ,india2 & ,he %all h x4 ,,index ,abh$han&a ,swami1 #dca4 ,abul ,fazli1 #caa4 ,agra1 #db1 #cjh4 ,akb> ! ,great1 #ej1 #caa4 ,aligh>h ,college1 #cca4 ,allah ,upani%ad1 #cai4 ,almsgiv+ 9 ,islam1 #cbd4 ,altruism 9 ,h9duism1 #ahc4 ,amrits>1 #fa4 ,amrits> ,di/rict1 #cce4 ,animism1 #baj4 ,arjuna & 8 ,vision1 #aed1 #afa4 ,arnold1 ,sir ,edw91 #di4 ,aryans & ,ca/e1 #id4 ,aryans ( ! ,ea/ & ! ,we/1 #bc4 ,arya ,somaj1 #djj-djd4 ,asceticism1 ! ,way (1 #aga1 #bae1 #bbh4 ,asia1 ! ,"m ( ,fai?s1 #cdd4 ,asoka's ,pill>1 #eg4 ,a/rolog]1 #bea4 ,a/rology1 #bag1 #bii4 ,a?i ,somaj1 #chc4 ,atma ,doctr9e1 #afg4 ,atma ,sabha1 #chj4 ,aurangzeeb1 #cjg1 #cab4 ,auspici\s ,days1 #bah1 #bii4 ,avidia1 #agj1 #bbc4 ,b&e ,mat>am1 #c4 ,bapti/1 ,am]icans1 #hd4 ,b>b]'s ,wife1 ,midwife1 #bga4 ,b>r[s1 ,dr4 ,j4 ,h41 #abf4 ,beatitudes1 !1 #cfi4 ,beef ,eat+1 #abf4 ,b5>es1 #ff4 ,b5gal1 ,p>tition (1 #b4 ,b5galees & ,ca/e1 #ade4 ,besant1 ,mrs41 #djf1 #dji4 ,bhagavad ,gita1 #aeb1 #ahi4 ,bhagavad ,gita & ,bhakti1 #ahb4 ,bhakti1 #aha4 ,blavatsky1 ,madame1 #dje4 ,boh ,tree1 !1 #cfh4 ,bombay1 #ci4 ,boycott1 #b4 ,brahma1 #bgi4 ,brahma ,gnana1 #agj1 #bbc4 ,brahmo ,somaj1 #chj-djj4 ,buddha1 #bbg4 ,buddha & ,sa9t ,josaphat1 #cda4 ,buddhism1 #fi4 ,buddhism isolat$1 #cge4 ,burma's ,produce1 #gc4 ,burmese ,wom51 #hj4 ,calcutta ,univ]sity1 #f4 ,ca/e & ,comm]ce1 #acd4 ,ca/e & ,contact1 #aji4 ,ca/e & ,int]-d9+1 #ajg4 ,ca/e & ,int]m>riage1 #aje4 ,ca/e & its ,results1 #abi4 ,ca/e & ,totemism1 #aad4 ,ca/e & ,occupation1 #ih1 #aab4 ,ca/e ,decad5ce1 #add4 ,ca/e ,p5alties1 #aae4 ,ca/e ,sy/em1 #ag1 #bb1 #ia-aea1 #agg1 #aii4 ,ca/e unkn[n 9 ,burma1 #hd4 ,c5sus1 #cac4 ,c5sus on ,ca/e1 #if4 ,*aitanya1 #cgg4 ,*akk]butty1 ,pr(essor1 #bei4 ,*>act]ization ( ,ca/e1 #ajb4 ,*ild ,m>riage1 #bad1 #bfj4 ,*9ese1 #aji1 #bhd4 ,*ri/ & ,buddha1 #cch-cgc4 ,*ri/ ,ideal1 #dcd-dcg4 ,*ri/ ,inc>nation1 #bbe1 #dcg4 ,*ri/1 ! ,cross (1 #dci4 ,*ri/ian ,college ,magaz9e1 #bjb4 ,*ri/ian ,ef=t = ,mohamm$ans1 #ccc4 ,*ri/ianity & ,ca/e1 #adi4 ,*ri/ianity--its ,progress 9 ,india1 #dab-ddc4 ,*und] ,s51 ,ke%ub1 #chb4 ,civilization1 ,we/]n1 #g4 ,cleanl9ess ( ,h9dus1 #bfg4 ,clo?+1 ,h9du1 #bfh4 ,congress1 ,national1 #h4 ,contradictions 9 ,bhagavad ,gita1 #ahg4 ,coo* ,beh>1 ,mah>ajah1 #chd4 ,cross+ ,!ory ( ,ca/e1 #ajj4 ,cul9>y ,arrangem5ts 9 ,h9du ,home1 #bfh4 ,cycles ( ,h9du ,"t1 #bhf4 ,dalh\sie1 ,"l1 #baj4 ,danc+ ,girls1 #ajf1 #bab4 ,dante's ,inf]no1 #bjf1 #bab1 #ceg4 ,deb5dra1 ,na?1 #cha4 ,d$ication ( a ,h\se1 #bdd4 ,delhi1 #ec1 #cjh4 ,deportation1 #bj4 ,deta*m5t1 #agi4 ,devil ,wor%ip1 #bjf4 ,dh>ma1 #cdf4 ,d[ry & ,m>riage1 #bfj4 ,dravidians & ,ca/e1 #aja4 ,dravidians & ,devil ,wor%ip1 #cd4 ,durgai ,pujei1 #cae4 ,dut* ,conque/1 #ch4 ,dayan& ,s>aswati1 #djj4 ,eclecticism1 #aef4 ,education1 #f4 ,educational ,works ( ,prote/ants1 #dad4 ,eliot1 ,george1 #cgb4 ,epicure1 ,h9du1 #bfh4 ,es*atology ( ,h9du ,%a/ras1 #ahe4 ,evolutioni/1 #aif4 ,fate1 ,doctr9e (1 #cbi4 ,feti*ism1 #bji4 ,f9ancial ,/atem5t1 #ac4 ,fi% ,inc>nation1 #bbf4 ,fraz]1 ,j4 ,g41 #aad4 ,full]1 ,sir ,bampfylde1 #ah4 ,fun]al ,c]emonies1 #bgb4 ,furniture ( a ,home1 #bde4 ,gane%1 #bja4 ,gold5 ,temple1 #fe4 ,gov]nm5t & ,ca/e1 #adh4 ,greek ,images1 #bjj4 ,greeks1 #bgf4 ,gri]son1 ,dr41 #cai4 ,guru ,kula1 #djc4 ,h9du ,ar*itecture1 #cc4 ,h9duism amorph\s1 #aid4 ,h9duism1 ,high]1 #ajf1 #aij4 ,h9duism1 ,popul>1 #aij-bai4 ,h9dus z !y are1 #bdc1 #beg4 ,h9dus n ,hi/orians1 #bhb4 ,home ,life ( ,h9dus1 #bdb-bge4 ,horoscope1 #bfa4 ,h\se ,build+1 #bdc4 ,ibbetson1 ,sir ,d5zil1 on ,ca/e1 #ig4 ,ideal1 ,div9e1 9 ,h9duism1 #bbc4 ,ideals1 ,h9du ,religi\s1 #bbj4 ,idolatry1 #agf4 ,idol :ipp$1 #agf1 #bje4 ,iliad1 #aec4 ,imadudd91 ,dr41 #cce4 ,immorality 9 ,h9duism1 #baj4 ,inc>nation1 ,h9du & ,*ri/ian1 #afc1 #bjj1 #bbe4 ,india1 ! ,"m ( ,fai?s1 #cj4 ,irrawaddy ,riv]1 #gb4 ,islam & ,ca/e1 #cbe4 ,islam 9 ,india1 #cjb-ccg4 ,islam1 its ,hi/ory 9 ,india1 #cje4 ,islam ,puri/s1 #cbg4 ,islam ,unit>ian1 #cji4 ,ja9ism1 #da4 ,japan1 #b4 ,japan's ,victory1 #e4 ,japanese1 #aig4 ,jesus an ,asiatic1 #cid4 ,jesus & ! ,ph>isees1 #cdh1 #cea4 ,jewels1 ,love (1 #bhe4 ,jews ( ,co*91 #ch4 ,jog5dra ,na? ,bhatta*>ya1 #acj4 ,jo9t ,family ,sy/em1 #bdf4 ,kali1 #aie4 ,kali ,yuga1 #bgf-cja4 ,k>5s1 #he4 ,k>ma1 ,doctr9e (1 #cei4 ,kauravas1 #aed4 ,kipl+1 ,rudy>d1 #ba4 ,k1 ! ,way (1 #afi4 ,koh9oor ,diamond1 #ej4 ,ko ,san ,ye1 #hg4 ,kri%na1 #aee1 #afe1 #aie1 #bia4 ,kuru*etra1 #aed4 ,lala ,lajpat ,rai1 #bj4 ,laws aboli%+ ,h9du ,rites1 #dai4 ,legislative ,c\ncils--,enl>gem5t (1 #bh4 ,l5g? ( ,h9du ,"t ,sy/em1 #bgg4 ,lib]ation1 ,doctr9e (1 #afi4 ,madura--its ,temple & ,palace1 #cb4 ,madwa*>i>1 #cgg4 ,mahabh>ata1 #aec4 ,maha ,yuga1 #bgi4 ,m&alay1 #gh4 ,manu1 #bha4 ,m>riage n a ,s5tim5t1 #bfj4 ,ma/]s ( ,!osophy1 #dji4 ,metempsy*osis1 #bcf4 ,mod]ates1 !1 #aj4 ,mod]n ,religi\s ,movem5ts1 #cgd-daa4 ,mohamm$an ,loyalty1 #ae4 ,mohamm$an ,population1 #cjb4 ,mohamm$anism1 #db1 #adj1 #cjb-ccg4 ,moral ,"* ( ,"t1 #bib4 ,"m-9-,law1 #bfd4 ,m\rn+ 9 a ,h9du ,home1 #bgb4 ,mozumd>1 ,protab1 #chf-cia4 ,mut9y1 !1 #a4 ,nana ,sahib1 #ajg4 ,nanak ,%ah1 #cai1 #cgh4 ,natesa ,sa/ri1 ,pundit1 #bic4 ,native ,doctors1 #bgj4 ,new ,disp5sation1 #cii4 ,new ,disp5sation's ,cre$1 #cif4 ,obsc5ity1 ,law puni%+1 #baj4 ,occupational ,!ory ( ,ca/e1 #ih4 ,odyssey1 !1 #aec4 ,olcott1 ,colonel1 #dje1 #djh4 ,om5s1 #bag4 ,ori5tal ,*ri/1 #cia4 ,orig9 ( ,ca/e1 #ic4 ,outca/es ( ,panjamas1 #bjh4 ,pagoda1 ! ,l& ( !1 #gc4 ,pal1 ,bep9 ,*&ra1 #ab4 ,p&avas1 #aed4 ,pan ,islamic ,movem5t1 #ccb4 ,panjaub--its ,difficulty1 #ah4 ,pan!ism1 #afj4 ,p>iahs & ,h9dus1 #bji4 ,p>liam5t1 ,memb]s (1 #g4 ,p>sees1 #dj4 ,pax ,britannica1 #cab4 ,pessimism1 ,h9du1 #bag4 ,pluts*o1 ,rev41 #dab4 ,polygamy ( ,mohamm$ans1 #cbj4 ,poly!ism1 #aii4 ,prakriti1 #aei4 ,prayas*itta1 #abj4 ,press 9 ,india1 !1 #aa1 #ba4 ,prosp]ity 9 ,india1 #ad4 ,prote/antism & ,ca/e1 #adc4 ,prote/antism1 its ,bic5t5>y1 #dab4 ,prote/ant ,mission>y ,=ce1 #dad4 ,prov]bs ab\t ,wom51 #bec4 ,puranas1 #aef1 #bgg4 ,quietism1 #bcc4 ,quran1 !1 #cah4 ,rahu ,kala1 #cjj4 ,railroads & ,ca/e1 #adg4 ,rajputana ,mohamm$ans1 #caf4 ,rama*&ra1 #bha4 ,ramayana1 #aeg1 #bha4 ,ram ,mohun ,roy1 #cgi4 ,rangoon1 #gb4 ,religi\s ,!ory ( ,ca/e1 #ie4 ,r5unciation1 #bcc4 ,rev5ue ( ,gov]nm5t1 #ac4 ,ri%is1 #bie4 ,risley1 ,sir ,h41 on ,ca/e1 #ajb4 ,robson1 ,dr41 #cbb4 ,romi% ,mission>ies1 #bhd4 ,sadh>ana ,somaj1 #che4 ,sadhus1 #bae4 ,saivites1 #aeh4 ,sakti ,wor%ip1 #bab4 ,salvation 9 ,h9duism1 #ahd4 ,s>na?1 #fi4 ,sati1 #bee-beg4 ,sayu*ya1 #aga1 #bbi4 ,s*ools & ,ca/e1 #adh4 ,s*wey ,dagon1 #gd4 ,s$ition1 #ab4 ,%ah ,jehan1 #de1 #cjg4 ,%am1 a ,huge1 #bcb4 ,%iahs1 #cbg4 ,%radda1 #bgc4 ,sidh>t?an1 #cdb4 ,sikhs & _! ,fai?1 #fb1 #cai4 ,s91 ,*ri/ian ,conception (1 #dda4 ,site ( a ,h\se1 #bdc4 ,siva's ,trid5t1 #cjj4 ,sleep+ on ! ,floor1 #bdf4 ,social ,re=m1 #bf1 #ih1 #dai4 ,social ,!ory ( ,ca/e1 #ig4 ,soo?say]s1 #ig1 #bea4 ,s\? ,india ,islam1 #cag4 ,/ati/ics ( ,indian ,fai?s1 #ca4 ,sunnis1 #cbg4 ,sup]/itions ( ,islam1 #cae4 ,swade%a1 #dbj4 ,swami1 ,h9du1 #aih4 ,sword ( ,islam1 #cjf4 ,syrian ,*ur*1 #cd1 #adj1 #dab4 ,tantras1 #aef4 ,taxation 9 ,india1 #ad4 ,temple ,c>s1 #baa4 ,!ebaw1 #gi4 ,!ism1 #cgh4 ,!ism unsatisfy+1 #cih4 ,!osophical ,society1 #djd-daa4 ,?omasians1 #ce4 ,totemism & ,ca/e1 #aad4 ,t[]s ( ,sil5ce1 #dj4 ,transmigration1 #cfb4 ,travancore1 ! ,l& ( ,*>ity1 #cd4 ,travancore ,mah>ajah1 #aaa4 ,travel 9 ,india1 #ca4 ,tribal ,!ory ( ,ca/e1 #if4 ,triumph ( ,*ri/ianity1 #dbe4 ,triumph ( ,*ri/ian ,pr9ciples1 #dcj4 ,ultimate ,salvation 9 ,h9duism1 #bce4 ,univ]sities & ,politics1 #bj4 ,univ]sity ,graduates1 #f4 ,usury1 #cbc4 ,vai%nava ,cult1 #aeh4 ,v$antic ,philosophy1 #aef4 ,vi%nu1 #bgi4 ,visi%dadvai?a1 #cgf4 ,vivekan&a1 ,swami1 #abf1 #dca4 ,we/]n ,*ri/ianity inadequate1 #bdj4 ,we/]n ,m$ical ,sci5ce1 #bga4 ,:]ry1 ,dr41 #caa4 ,wid[s1 ,h9du1 #bac1 #bfc4 ,williams1 ,sir ,moni]1 #cba4 ,wom5 9 ,h9duism1 #bac1 #beb4 ,works1 ,doctr9e (1 #agd4 ,yama1 #beg4 ,yoga ,philosophy1 #aef1 #agb4 ,zieg5balg1 #dab4 99 99 99 99 99