,complim5ts ( ,,book] ,t4 ,,wa%+ton ,pr9cipal ,tuskegee ,normal & ,indu/rial ,in/itute ,tuskegee ,in/itute1 ,alabama ,,tuskegee ,,& ,,its ,,p ,illu/ration3 ,,book] ,t4 ,,wa%+ton4 ,,tuskegee ,,its ,,p3 ,,_! ,,ideals ,,& ,,a*ievem5ts ,,edit$ ,,by ,,book] ,t4 ,,wa%+ton ,d4 ,,appleton ,,& ,,company ,,new ,,york #aijf ,,copyright1 #aije1 ,,by ,d4 ,,appleton ,,& ,,company ,publi%$ ,june1 #aije ,,preface ,9 a g5]al way ! read+ public is fairly well acqua9t$ ) ! "w ( ! ,tuskegee ,normal & ,indu/rial ,in/itute1 b !re is cont9u$ dem& = def9ite in=mation z to j :at ! graduates ( t in/itution are do+ ) _! education4 ,t inquiry is p>tly answ]$ by ?is book4 ,! scope ( ! ,tuskegee ,in/itute "w is outl9$ by ! *apt]s conta9$ 9 ,"p ,i1 :ile ^? ( ,"p ,,ii evid5ce ! fact t ! graduates ( ! s*ool are grappl+ at fir/-h& ) ! conditions t environ ! masses ( ! ,negro p4 ,at ! s*ool1 9 addition to ! regul> ,normal ,s*ool c\rse ( academic "w1 ?irty-six indu/ries are taught ! "y m5 & wom54 ,^! are3 ,agriculture2 ,basketry2 ,blacksmi?+2 ,bee-keep+2 ,brickmasonry2 ,pla/]+2 ,brick-mak+2 ,c>p5try2 ,c>riage ,trimm+2 ,cook+2 ,dairy+2 ,ar*itectural1 ,freeh&1 & ,me*anical ,draw+2 ,dressmak+2 ,electrical & ,/eam ,eng9e]+2 ,f\nd+2 ,h>ness-mak+2 ,h\sekeep+2 ,horticulture2 ,cann+2 ,pla9 ,sew+2 ,laund]+2 ,ma*9]y2 ,mattress-mak+2 ,mill9]y2 ,nurse ,tra9+2 ,pa9t+2 ,sawmill+2 ,%oemak+2 ,pr9t+2 ,/ock-rais+2 ,tailor+2 ,t9n+2 & ,:eelwright+4 ,s9ce ! f\nd+ ( ! in/itution1 ,july #d1 #ahha1 sev5 hundr$ & =ty-six graduates h gone out f ! in/itution1 :ile m ?an six ?\s& o!rs :o 7 n able to rema9 & complete ! academic c\rse1 & !reby secure a diploma1 h be5 influ5c$ = good by x4 ,! s*ool has s\ght f ! v beg9n+ to make itself ( practical value to ! ,negro p & to ! ,s\? z well4 ,x has taught ^? indu/ries t are ( ! ,s\?1 ! occupations 9 :i* our m5 & wom5 f9d mo/ ready employm5t1 & unfl9*+ly has refus$ to ab&on its c\rse2 x has s\ght to influ5ce its "y m5 & wom5 to live unselfi%1 sacrific+ lives2 to put into practise ! lessons taught on e side t make = practical1 helpful e-day liv+4 ,9 ! ma9 ^? :o g out f ,tuskegee ,in/itute1 7#a7 foll[ ! indu/ry !y h be5 taught1 7#b7 tea* 9 a public or private s*ool or tea* "p ( ! ye> & f>m or labor ! re/1 7#c7 foll[ h\sekeep+ or o!r dome/ic s]vice1 or 7#d7 ent] a pr(ession or ! ,gov]nm5t s]vice1 or become m]*ants4 ,among ! tea*]s are _m :o in/ruct 9 f>m+ or "s indu/ry2 ! pr(essional m5 are l>gely physicians1 & ! pr(essional wom5 mo/ly tra9$ nurses4 ,dr4 ,wa%+ton1 ! ,pr9cipal ( ! s*ool1 makes ! unqualifi$ /atem5t3 ,aft] dilig5t inve/igation1 ,i c n f9d a doz5 =m] /ud5ts 9 idl5ess4 ,!y are 9 %op1 field1 s*oolroom1 home1 or ! *ur*4 ,!y are busy because !y h plac$ !mselves 9 dem& by le>n+ to d t :i* ! _w wants done1 & because !y h le>n$ ! disgrace ( idl5ess & ! sweetness ( labor4 ,no attempt has "h be5 made to repres5t all ( ! indu/ries2 no attempt has especially be5 made to conf9e repres5tation to ^? :o are work+ at manual labor4 ,! public1 or at lea/ a "p ( x1 some:at gratuit\sly1 has rea*$ ! conclusion t ,tuskegee ,in/itute is a s]vant tra9+ s*ool1 or an employm5t ag5cy4 ,t is a mi/ak5 idea4 ,! object ( ! s*ool is to tra9 m5 & wom5 :o w g out & repeat ! "w done "h1 to tea* :at !y h le>n$ to o!rs1 & to leav5 ! :ole mass ( ! ,negro p 9 ! ,s\? ) a desire = ! k & pr(itable op]ation ( ^? indu/ries 9 :i* !y h 9 s l>ge a measure ! "r ( way4 ,tuskegee /ud5ts & graduates are nev] urg$ n to take su* s]vice1 especially n to refuse 9 pref]5ce to idl5ess1 b x all involves a simple1 ord9>y1 economic pr9ciple4 ,capable m5 & wom51 skill$ 9 ! indu/rial arts1 are l ^? ( all races--!y seek ! mo/ pr(itable employm5t4 ,a blacksmi?1 a tailor1 a brickmason1 a h>ness-mak]1 or o!r artisan1 :o c f9d "w 9 %ops & factories1 or indep5d5tly1 & make ?irty to sev5ty-five doll>s a mon?1 & ev5 m1 w n1 simply because he is black1 leave ^? *ances to accept s]vice 9 private employm5t = fifte5 doll>s p] mon?1 & less1 & bo>d himself4 ,no s*ool c\ld cov5ant to tra9 s]vants = an indef9ite t5ure2 x c at be/ only promise to tra9 lead]s :o %all g among ! masses & lift !m up2 to tra9 m5 & wom5 :o %all 9 turn rea* hundr$s ( o!rs4 ,^? :o write ! foll[+ *apt]s repres5t1 9 ! ma91 ?is class4 ,!y h writt5 simply1 ) p]fect frankness1 h dealt ) ! significant ?+s ( _! lives1 & h demon/rat$1 ! writ] believes1 t f humble orig9 black m5 & wom5 may confid5tly be c\nt$ ^u1 ) prop] enc\ragem5t1 to w9 success4 ,! *apt]s are autobiographical1 significantly optimi/ic1 ) j pride 9 :at has be5 done1 & outl9+1 z did ,up f ,slav]y--:i* 0 comm5d$ z a prop] model--exp]i5ces f *ildhood1 ! s*ool-life ( ! writ]1 & ! results a*iev$ 9 ! direction ( putt+ into practise :at 0 le>n$ 9 s*ool4 ,?r\gh ?is symposium x is hop$ t ! public may le>n1 9 ! be/ possible way1 "s ( ! f9] results already accompli%$ by ! ,tuskegee ,in/itute4 ,e4 ,j4 ,s4 ,,tuskegee ,,in/itute1 ,,alabama1 ,april #a1 #aije4 ,,cont5ts ,,page ,,g5]al ,,introduction #a ,by ,book] ,t4 ,wa%+ton4 ,,"p ,i ,,! ,,s*ool ,,& ,,its ,,purposes ,i4--,,pres5t ,,a*ievem5ts ,,& ,,gov]n+ ,,ideals #ai ,by ,emmett ,j4 ,scott1 ,mr4 ,wa%+ton's ,executive ,secret>y4 ,,ii4--,,res\rces ,,& ,,mat]ial ,,equipm5t #ce ,by ,w>r5 ,logan1 ,treasur] ( ! ,s*ool4 ,,iii4--,,! ,,academic ,,aims #ef ,by ,roscoe ,c4 ,bruce1 ,director ( ! ,academic ,dep>tm5t4 ,,iv4--,,:at ,,girls ,,are ,,taught1 ,,& ,,h[ #fh ,by ,mrs4 ,book] ,t4 ,wa%+ton1 ,director ( ,indu/ries = ,girls4 ,v4--,,hampton ,,in/itute',s ,,relation ,,to ,,tuskegee #hg ,by ,rob]t ,r4 ,moton4 ,,"p ,,ii ,,autobiographies ,,by ,,graduates ,,( ,,! ,,s*ool ,i4--,a ,,college ,,presid5t',s ,,/ory #aja ,by ,isaac ,fi%]1 ( ,p9e ,bluff1 ,arkansas4 ,,ii4--,a ,,s*ool ,,pr9cipal',s ,,/ory #aaa ,by ,william ,h4 ,holtzclaw1 ( ,utica1 ,mississippi4 ,,iii4--,a ,,lawy]',s ,,/ory #ada ,by ,george ,w4 ,lovejoy1 ( ,mobile1 ,alabama4 ,,iv4--,a ,,s*ool ,,treasur]',s ,,/ory #aeb ,by ,m>t9 ,a4 ,m5afee1 ( ,d5m>k1 ,s\? ,c>ol9a4 ,v4--,,! ,,/ory ,,( ,a ,,f>m] #afd ,by ,frank ,reid1 ( ,dawk9s1 ,alabama4 ,,vi4--,,! ,,/ory ,,( ,a ,,c>p5t] #agc ,by ,gabriel ,b4 ,mill]1 ( ,=t ,valley1 ,georgia4 ,,vii4--,,cotton-,,gr[+ ,,9 ,,africa #ahd ,by ,john ,w4 ,rob9son1 ( ,lome1 ,togo1 ,we/ ,africa4 ,,viii4--,,! ,,/ory ,,( ,a ,,tea*] ,,( ,,cook+ #bjj ,by ,m>y ,l4 ,dotson1 ( ,tuskegee ,in/itute1 ,alabama4 ,,ix4--,a ,,woman',s ,,"w #baa ,by ,cornelia ,b[51 ( ,waugh 7,mt4 ,meigs71 ,alabama4 ,x4--,,uplift+ ,,( ,,! ,,subm]g$ ,,masses #bbd ,by ,w4 ,j4 ,edw>ds1 ( ,sn[ ,hill1 ,alabama4 ,,xi4--,a ,,dairyman',s ,,/ory #bec ,by ,lewis ,a4 ,smi?1 ( ,rock=d1 ,ill9ois4 ,,xii4--,,! ,,/ory ,,( ,a ,,:eelwright #bfd ,by ,edw>d ,lomax1 ( ,tuskegee ,in/itute1 ,alabama4 ,,xiii4--,,! ,,/ory ,,( ,a ,,blacksmi? #bgf ,by ,jubie ,b4 ,bragg1 ( ,tallahassee1 ,florida4 ,,xiv4--,a ,,druggi/',s ,,/ory #bhe ,by ,david ,l4 ,john/on1 ( ,birm+ham1 ,alabama4 ,,xv4--,,! ,,/ory ,,( ,a ,,sup]visor ,,( ,,me*anical ,,indu/ries #bii ,by ,james ,m4 ,canty1 ( ,in/itute ,p4 ,o41 ,we/ ,virg9ia4 ,,xvi4--,a ,,negro ,,community ,,build] #cag ,by ,russell ,c4 ,calh\n1 ( ,eatonville1 ,florida4 ,,xvii4--,,! ,,evolution ,,( ,a ,,%oemak] #cch ,by ,*>les ,l4 ,m>%all1 ( ,cambria1 ,virg9ia4 ,,li/ ,,( ,,illu/rations ,,fac+ ,,page ,,book] ,t4 ,,wa%+ton ,frontispiece ,,emmett ,j4 ,,scott #bj ,mr4 ,wa%+ton's ,executive ,secret>y4 ,,! ,,collis ,p4 ,,hunt+ton ,,memorial ,,build+ #bf ,,w>r5 ,,logan #cf ,treasur] ( ! ,s*ool ,,! ,,(fice ,,build+ ,,9 ,,process ,,( ,,erection #ej ,/ud5t c>p5t]s %[n at "w4 ,,roscoe ,c4 ,,bruce #ef ,director ( ! ,academic ,dep>tm5t4 ,a ,,portion ,,( ,,! ,,s*ool ,,gr\nds #fd ,,ano!r ,,portion ,,( ,,! ,,s*ool ,,gr\nds #ff ,,mrs4 ,,book] ,t4 ,,wa%+ton #fh ,director ( ,indu/ries = ,girls4 ,a ,,class ,,9 ,,mill9]y #gf ,,! ,,executive ,,c\ncil #id ,/&+1 left to "r3 ,p4 ,c4 ,p>ks1 ,sup]9t5d5t ( ,f>m2 ,george ,w4 ,c>v]1 ,director1 ,agricultural ,dep>tm5t2 ,j4 ,n4 ,call[ay1 ,l& ,ext5sion2 ,john ,h4 ,palm]1 ,regi/r>2 ,*>les ,h4 ,gibson1 ,resid5t ,auditor2 ,edg> ,j4 ,p5ney1 ,*apla94 ,seat$1 left to "r3 ,lloyd ,g4 ,:eel]1 ,bus9ess ,ag5t2 ,rob]t ,r4 ,taylor1 ,director ( ,me*anical ,indu/ries2 ,john ,h4 ,wa%+ton1 ,g5]al ,sup]9t5d5t ( ,indu/ries2 ,w>r5 ,logan1 ,treasur]2 ,book] ,t4 ,wa%+ton1 ,pr9cipal2 ,miss ,jane ,e4 ,cl>k1 ,dean ( ,woman's ,dep>tm5t2 ,mrs4 ,book] ,t4 ,wa%+ton1 ,director ( ,indu/ries = ,girls2 & ,emmett ,j4 ,scott1 ,secret>y to ! ,pr9cipal4 ,! ,director ( ! ,academic ,dep>tm5t1 ,roscoe ,c4 ,bruce1 & ! ,comm&ant ( ,cadets1 ,major ,j4 ,b4 ,ramsey1 also memb]s ( ! ,executive ,c\ncil1 7 abs5t :5 photograph 0 tak54 ,,! ,,c>negie ,,libr>y ,,build+ #ajh ,,morn+ ,,at ,,! ,,b>ns ,,on ,,! ,,s*ool ,,f>m #abb ,teams ( horses & cattle ready to />t = ! day's "w4 ,,/ud5ts ,,prun+ ,,pea*-,,trees #adf ,a ,,silo ,,on ,,! ,,f>m #aff ,/ud5ts fill+ x ) fodd] corn1 /eam-p[] be+ us$4 ,a ,,model ,,d9+-,,room #bjh ,f ! dep>tm5t :]e table-s]vice is taught4 ,,! ,,culture ,,( ,,bees #bbj ,/ud5ts at "w 9 ! api>y4 ,,9 ,,! ,,dairy #bed ,/ud5ts us+ sep>ators4 ,,/ud5ts ,,at ,,"w ,,9 ,,! ,,h>ness ,,%op #bgj ,,at ,,! ,,hospital #bid ,a corn] 9 ! boys' w>d4 ,,9 ,,! ,,t9 ,,%op #cjj ,,/ud5ts ,,cann+ ,,fruit #cjh ,,/>t+ ,a ,,new ,,build+ #cad ,/ud5t masons lay+ ! f\ndation 9 brick4 ,,girls ,,g>d5+ #cdd ,,tuskegee ,,& ,,its ,,p ,,g5]al ,,introduction ,,by ,,book] ,t4 ,,wa%+ton ,in/itutions1 l individuals1 are prop]ly judg$ by _! ideals1 _! me?ods1 & _! a*ievem5ts 9 ! production ( m5 & wom5 :o are to d ! _w's "w4 ,"o s*ool is bett] ?an ano!r 9 proportion z its sy/em t\*es ! m press+ ne$s ( ! p x aims to s]ve1 & provides ! m spe$ily & satisfactorily ! elem5ts t br+ to !m honorable & endur+ success 9 ! /ruggle ( life4 ,education ( "s k9d is ! fir/ ess5tial ( ! "y man1 or "y woman1 :o w\ld lay ! f\ndation ( a c>e]4 ,! *oice ( ! s*ool to :i* "o w g & ! call+ he w adopt mu/ be influ5c$ 9 a v l>ge measure by 8 environm5ts1 tr5d ( ambition1 natural capacity1 possible opportunities 9 ! propos$ call+1 & ! means at 8 comm&4 ,9 ! pa/ tw5ty-f\r ye>s ?\s&s ( ! y\? ( ?is & o!r l&s h elect$ to come to ! ,tuskegee ,normal & ,indu/rial ,in/itute to secure :at !y deem ! tra9+ t w\ld (f] !m ! wide/ range ( usefulness 9 ! activities op5 to ! masses ( ! ,negro p4 ,_! hopes1 fe>s1 /r5g?1 weaknesses1 /ruggles1 & triumphs c n fail to be ( absorb+ int]e/ to ! great body ( ,am]ican p1 m p>ticul>ly to ! /ud5t ( educational !ories & _! att5dant results4 ,:5 an in/itution has1 l ,tuskegee ,in/itute1 rea*$ t /age 9 its developm5t t its sy/em ( in/ruction has ar\s$ v g5]al discussion1 & has giv5 to ! _w ( v>i$ indu/ry an army ( work]s1 numb]+ n less ?an #f1jjj1 !re is a natural curiosity on ! "p ( ! public to le>n all t is possible ( su* an in/itution1 & ( ! p]sonality & me?ods ( ^? adm9i/]+ its affairs4 ,!y wi% to asc]ta9 ! actual tru? conc]n+ its res\rces & equipm5t2 !y want figures detail+ ! degree ( pecuni>y productiv5ess & moral effici5cy atta9$ by ^? :o h receiv$ ! prescrib$ tra9+2 & !y are eag] to he> ! :ole /ory f ! lips ( bo? ! in/ructors & ! in/ruct$ z to h[ ! record$ results h be5 accompli%$4 ,9 sev]al volumes already publi%$1 be>+ ^u ,tuskegee ,in/itute & :at x /&s =1 an endeavor has be5 made to pres5t a tru?ful acc\nt ( ! ,pr9cipal's e>ly /riv+s & life-"w2 an hone/ attempt has be5 made to analyze & impress ! basic pr9ciples ^u :i* ,tuskegee ,in/itute 0 f\nd$4 ,x has be5 ! aim to write a hi/ory ( individual ye>n+s = ! light ( k t w\ld /ir ! inn] consci\sness ( ! humble/ ( ! race & ar\se him to ! va/ possibilities t lie 9 ! wake ( solid "*1 intellig5t indu/ry1 & mat]ial acquisition4 ,he has tri$1 ) all e>ne/ness1 to hold up ! future ( ! ,am]ican ,negro 9 its mo/ attractive aspect1 & to emphasize ! virile philosophy t !re is a positive dignity 9 work+ ) ! h&s1 :5 t labor is =tifi$ by a develop$ bra9 & a consecrat$ he>t4 ,?\gh mu* has be5 said ( ! _s & purpose ( ?is c5t] ( social & economic uplift 9 ! fam$ ,black ,belt ( ! ,s\?1 !re is /ill a wide-spread dem& = a m specific recital ( :at is be+ done "h1 by :om1 "u :at conditions1 & ! concrete evid5ces ( ! b5efits t are gr[+ out ( ! ?rift1 indu/ry1 "r ?9k+1 & "r liv+ taught by our faculty4 ,9 response to ?is insi/5t call1 ,mr4 ,emmett ,j4 ,scott1 ,executive ,secret>y ( ! ,tuskegee ,in/itute1 pres5ts to ! public a fur!r contribution1 ,tuskegee & ,its ,p3 ,_! ,ideals & ,a*ievem5ts1 ) au!ntic accompany+ autobiographies ( a numb] ( typical /ud5ts ( ! s*ool4 ,to ?is "w ,mr4 ,scott br+s a peculi> fitness1 unequal$ by any o!r p]son :o might h be5 *os5 to p]=m x4 ,he is closely knit to ! ,s\?l& & h] great masses by ! common sympa?y ( nativity & ! mutuality ( hopes4 ,! ,s\? has always be5 8 home1 b he has travel$ s ext5sively & m+l$ s freely t he has acquir$ mo/ ample bread? ( vision z reg>ds m5 & ?+s4 ,= _m ye>s n[ ,mr4 ,scott has s]v$ ! s*ool ) r>e fidelity & zeal1 & has be5 to ! ,pr9cipal n only a loyal assi/ant 9 e phase ( 8 manifold & frequ5tly try+ duties1 b has prov$ a valuable p]sonal fri5d & c\nselor 9 matt]s ( ! mo/ delicate nature1 exhibit+ 9 em]g5cies a quality ( judgm5t & diplomatic calmness seldom f\nd 9 m5 ( ev5 rip] maturity & m ext5d$ exp]i5ce4 ,z ,i /at$ 9 "o ( my books publi%$ sev]al ye>s ago1 z f> z "o individual c fill ! place ( ano!r1 ,mr4 ,scott has act$ 9 ! ,pr9cipal's /ead1 see+ ) ! ,pr9cipal's eyes & he>+ ) ! ,pr9cipal's e>s1 c\nt+ no sacrifice too great to be made = ,tuskegee's well-be+4 ,he is 9 p]fect accord ) ! fundam5tal pr9ciples & practical policies ?r\gh ! p]si/5t adh]5ce to :i* ,tuskegee ,in/itute has won its conspicu\s place 9 ! educational _w4 ,! volume "h pres5t$ has be5 edit$ by ,mr4 ,scott ) ! utmo/ c>e1 he pref]r+ to h ! contributors und]/ate r ?an ov]/ate ! results t h come f ! labors ( ,tuskegee & its p4 ,x has be5 ! ,pr9cipal's pleasure & privilege to exam9e & critically review ! manuscript aft] its completion1 & ! volume is s praisewor?y t x is giv5 8 cordial approval4 ,! task ( edit+ he _h expect$ to p]=m has be5 s well done t x has only be5 necess>y to review ! manuscript aft] its prep>ation = ! publi%]s1 & to =ego ! /rict editorial revision+ plann$4 ,! book is an accurate portrait ( ! ,tuskegee ( to-day1 & reasonably =eca/s ! hopes = ! in/itution ( to-morr[4 ,x tells ) =ceful directness & graphic precision ! =mative "w t is be+ done = ?is g5]ation1 & supplies a fulcrum ^u :i* !re may ju/ly re/ a prophecy ( great] ?+s = ! g5]ations t are to foll[4 ,a ,tuskegee book1 :atev] its prim>y motive1 is inv>iably expect$ to deal broadly ) ! entire problem ( ! ,negro & 8 relation%ips ( e k9d4 ,x mu/ be m ?an a m]e fle%-&-blood n>rative1 descriptive ( ! mat]ial progress ( ! m5 & wom5 ! ,in/itute has produc$ & is produc+4 ,x mu/ be a book free f o/5tati\s pret5sion1 brea?+ ! atmosph]e ( ! life ( ! e>ne/ p x describes4 ,x mu/1 ( c\rse1 exhibit n only ! a*ievem5ts1 b also ! ideals1 ! possibilities ( ! ,tuskegee tra9$ man & woman4 ,?is1 ,i feel1 is adequately done 9 ?is volume4 ,tuskegee & ,its ,p possesses ideals 9 ?\ght1 morals1 & action--& !y are l(ty4 ,9 ^! respects ! symposium w n prove a disappo9tm5t4 ,?is in/9ct = ! ideal1 h[ev]1 lies n 9 idly sigh+ = x1 b is born ( an abid+ belief t wor? is intr9sic1 & t appli$ common s5se1 practical k1 con/ancy ( ef=t1 & me*anical skill w make a place = ! pati5t /riv] f> m secure ?an ! artificial ni*e into :i* "s "o may ?ru/ him4 ,! masses :o are mo/ helpfully rea*$ by ! ,tuskegee ,in/itute are com+ to realize t education 9 its true/ s5se is no long] to be reg>d$ z an emotional impulse1 a feti% made up ( loosely jo9$ in=mation1 to be wor%ip$ = its m]e possession1 b z a practical means to a def9ite end4 ,!y are be+ taught t m9d-tra9+ is ! logical helpmeet ( h&-tra9+1 & t bo?1 supplem5t$ & sweet5$ by he>t-tra9+1 make ! high-s\l$1 useful1 productive1 patriotic1 law-lov+1 public-spirit$ citiz51 ( :om any nation might well be pr\d4 ,! outcome ( su* education w be t1 in/ead ( ! d[ntrodd5 *ild ( ignorance1 %iftlessness1 & moral weakness1 we %all g5]ate ! ?or\ghly r\nd$ man ( prud5ce1 =esight1 responsibility1 & f9ancial indep5d5ce4 ,he w cease to be ! gullible victim ( ! %>p] :o plays ^u vanity1 cr$ulity1 & sup]/ition1 & le>n to value only t :i* is real & sub/antial4 ,x is ( ! highe/ importance to ! ,negro1 :o mu/ make 8 way amid disadvantages & emb>rassm5ts ( ! sev]e/ "*1 t he be made aw>e ( ! va/ diff]5ce betwe5 work+ & be+ work$4 ,9 c>ry+ ?is inspir+ message & impress+ ^! fundam5tal tru?s1 ! new ,tuskegee book r5d]s a spl5did s]vice4 ,indu/rial tra9+ w be m pot5t = good to ! race :5 its relation to ! o!r phases ( ess5tial education is m cle>ly und]/ood4 ,!re is afloat no end ( discussion z to :at is ! prop] k9d ( education = ! ,negro1 & mu* ( x is hurtful to ! cause x is design$ to promote4 ,! dang]1 at pres5t1 t mo/ s]i\sly ?reat5s ! success ( indu/rial tra9+1 is ! ill-advis$ insi/5ce 9 c]ta9 qu>t]s t ?is =m ( education %\ld be (f]$ to ! exclusion ( all o!r bran*es ( k4 ,if ! idea becomes fix$ 9 ! m9ds ( ! p t indu/rial education means class education1 t x %\ld be (f]$ ! ,negro because he is a ,negro1 & t ! ,negro %\ld be conf9$ to ?is sort ( education1 !n ,i fe> s]i\s injury w be done ! cause ( h&-tra9+4 ,x %\ld be und]/ood r t at su* in/itutions z ,hampton ,in/itute & ,tuskegee ,in/itute1 indu/rial education is n emphasiz$ because color$ p are to receive x1 b because ! ripe/ educational ?\ght ( ! _w approves x2 because ! undevelop$ mat]ial res\rces ( ! ,s\? make x peculi>ly important = bo? races2 & because x %\ld be giv5 9 a l>ge measure to any race1 reg>dless ( color1 :i* is 9 ! same /age ( developm5t z ! ,negro4 ,on ! o!r h&1 no "o und]/&+ ! real ne$s ( ! race w\ld advocate t indu/rial education %\ld be giv5 to e ,negro to ! exclusion ( ! pr(essions & o!r bran*es ( le>n+4 ,x is evid5t t a race s l>gely segregat$ z ! ,negro is1 mu/ h an increas+ numb] ( its own pr(essional m5 & wom54 ,!re is1 !n1 a place & an increas+ ne$ = ! ,negro college z well z = ! indu/rial in/itute1 & ! two classes ( s*ools %\ld1 & z a matt] ( fact d1 coop]ate 9 ! common purpose ( elevat+ ! masses4 ,!re is no?+ 9 h&-tra9+ to sugge/ t x is a class-tra9+4 ,! be/ educational au?orities 9 ! _w are indors+ x z an ess5tial feature 9 ! education ( bo? races1 & especially s :5 a v l>ge proportion ( ! p 9 "q are compell$ by d9t ( circum/ances to e>n _! liv+ 9 manufactures & agricultural & me*anical pursuits 9 g5]al4 ,x s happ5s t ! bulk ( our p are p]man5tly to rema9 9 ! ,s\?1 & conditions beyond _! control h atta*$ !m to ! soil2 = a long "t ! /atus ( ! majority ( !m is likely to be t ( labor]s4 ,to make h>d conditions easi]1 to raise common labor f drudg]y to dignity1 & to adopt sy/ems ( tra9+ t w meet ! ne$s ( ! greate/ numb] & prep>e !m = ! bett] ?+s t intellig5t ef=t w surely br+1 =m a task to :i* ! wise/ ( ! race are address+ !mselves ) an eag] en?usiasm :i* refuses to be *ill$ by adv]se criticism4 ,tuskegee emphasizes indu/rial tra9+ = ! ,negro1 n ) ! ?\ght t ! ,negro %\ld be conf9$ to indu/rialism1 ! pl[1 or ! hoe1 b because ! undevelop$ mat]ial res\rces ( ! ,s\? (f] at ?is "t a field peculi>ly advantage\s to ! work] skill$ 9 agriculture & ! indu/ries1 & "h are f\nd ! ,negro's mo/ invit+ opportunities = tak+ on ! rudim5t>y elem5ts t ultimately make = a p]man5tly progressive civilization4 ,! ,tuskegee ,idea is t correct education beg9s at ! bottom1 & exp&s naturally z ! necessities ( ! p exp&4 ,z ! race gr[s 9 k1 exp]i5ce1 culture1 ta/e1 & weal?1 its wants are b\nd to become m & m div]se2 & to satisfy ^! wants !re w be gradually develop$ )9 our own ranks--z has already be5 true ( ! :ites--a con/antly increas+ v>iety ( pr(essional & bus9ess m5 & wom54 ,_! places 9 ! economic _w w be assur$ & _! prosp]ity gu>ante$ 9 proportion to ! m]it display$ by !m 9 _! sev]al call+s1 = ab\t !m w h be5 e/abli%$ ! solid bulw>k ( an indu/rial mass to :i* !y may safely look = support4 ,! e/hetic dem&s w be met z ! capacity ( ! race to procure !m is enl>g$ ?r\gh ! processes ( sane intellectual advancem5t4 ,9 ?is cumulative way !re w be erect$ by ! ,negro1 & = ! ,negro1 a complete & inde/ructible civilization t w be respect$ by all ^: respect is wor? ! hav+4 ,!re %\ld be no limit plac$ ^u ! developm5t ( any individual because ( color1 & let x be und]/ood t no "o k9d ( tra9+ c safely be prescrib$ = any entire race4 ,c>e %\ld be tak5 t racial education be n "o-sid$ = lack ( adaptation to p]sonal fitness1 nor unwieldy ?r\gh %e] top-heav9ess4 ,education1 to fulfil its mission = any p any:]e1 %\ld be symmetrical & s5sible4 ,a ma/]y ( ! indu/ries taught at ,tuskegee presupposes & requires no small degree ( academic /udy1 = compet5cy 9 agriculture calls = consid]able k ( *emi/ry1 & no me*anical pursuit c be foll[$ satisfactorily )\t "s acqua9tance ) ! ?ree ,r's4 ,likewise1 ! individual ( lib]al academic or college prep>ation possesses a /rong] equipm5t = con/ructive "w :o has tra9$ 8 h&s to supplem5t 8 bra94 ,aft] all1 ! f9al te/ ( ! value ( any sy/em ( education is f\nd 9 ! record ( its actual a*ievem5ts4 ,9 ,tuskegee & ,its ,p heads ( ! sev]al dep>tm5ts h n only giv5 a succ9ct acc\nt ( ! hi/ory1 res\rces1 & curr5t labors ( ! s*ool1 b deal mo/ happily ) ! gov]n+ ideals beh9d ! in/itution1 & v9dicate its claim to ! approval ( ! _w's ?9k]s & mov+ =ces4 ,besides treat+ r elaborately ! /ructural effici5cy ( ! "w ( ! tea*]s1 ! editor has n neglect$ to emphasize ! spiritual & e?ical virtues t spread ov] a wid] range ( influ5ce "h & among our p ?r\gh\t ! ,s\?l& ?an ^? famili> ) ! purely academic phases h adequately und]/ood4 ,tuskegee's g]m pr9ciple is to be f\nd 9 its unboa/$ ideals1 9 ! ?+s t ( necessity c n be li/$ 9 catalogue or report1 r ?an 9 its build+s1 %ops1 f>ms1 & :at n4 ,! s*ool dwells ^u ! sav+ p[] ( l&1 & le>n+1 & skill1 & a bank-acc\nt--n z f9alities 9 !mselves1 b z tangible witnesses to ! ,negro's capacity to compete ) o!rs4 ,p]haps ! newe/ & mo/ refre%+ feature ( ! book is its vivid p5-portraits ( ! "y m5 & wom5 :o h gone out ( ,tuskegee c>ry+ into div]sifi$ lives ! pr9ciples & precepts imbib$ f _! p>5t s*ool4 ,! pictures are drawn by ! orig9als !mselves1 & !y illu/rate by honorable a*ievem5t ! :olesome & evangeliz+ influ5ce ( ,tuskegee's prea*m5ts1 & ! f>-rea*+ effect ( plac+ be=e !m z tea*]s ! highe/ example ( :at ! ,negro ( morals & mann]s may become4 ,!y tell _! /ory at fir/-h&1 mode/ly & s9c]ely1 & ! f\ndations ( inspir+ lives1 laid 9 ! ,*ri/ian virtues & consci5ti\s s]vice ( _! fell[ m51 fo/] a firm belief t ! s*ool is do+ a "w t w live4 ,^! types ( ,tuskegee's graduates1 pick$ out at r&om f hundr$s ( equal s*ol>%ip & ability1 repres5t di/9ctive *annels ( activity1 includ+ ! presid5t ( a lead+ college1 pr9cipals & tea*]s ( ?riv+ s*ools1 a lawy]1 a t9n]1 a s*ool treasur]1 f>m]s1 cotton-gr[]s1 ma/] build]s & contractors1 a dairyman1 & a blacksmi?4 ,no elem5t contribut+ to ! racial uplift is ov]look$4 ,! sc5es ( _! labors are scatt]$ ov] a va/ area1 %[+ conv9c+ly ! diffusive "* z well z ! ri* h>ve/ g>n]$ ?r\gh ! ,tuskegee ,idea4 ,^! r\gh-hewn sket*es ( a /urdy pione] b& 9 /ak+ out a l>g] life & a wid] horizon = lat] g5]ations are wor?y ( ! mo/ c>eful p]usal4 ,! immeasurable advancem5t ( ! ,negro1 manife/$ 9 "*1 c\rage1 & ca%1 vitaliz$ by valiant s]vice to ! republic 9 education1 comm]ce1 & religion1 & cr[n$ by an enlight5$1 vigor\sly effici5t1 s5sibly ambiti\s1 & law-abid+ citiz5%ip1 is confirmation /rong z pro(s ( ,holy ,writ t ! gospel ( indu/ry1 z exemplifi$ by ,tuskegee & its help]s1 has ex]t$ a leav5+ influ5ce ^u civilization :]ev] x has be5 br\ght )9 ! rea* ( ^? :o are /ruggl+ t[>d ! heights4 ,"u ?is new disp5sation ( m9d1 morals1 & muscle1 ) ! be/ :ites & be/ blacks 9 sympa!tic coop]ation1 & ju/ice mean+ ! same to ! weak z to ! /rong1 ! ,s\? w no long] be vex$ by a race problem4 ,peace & prosp]ity = all w come ) ! /r5g? to rise above ! bas] self4 ,civic righte\sness is ! ,s\?'s spe$ie/ ?or\ghf>e to economic greatness4 ,a book t op5s ! inn] *amb]s ( a p's he>t1 & %$s a light t may guide ! foot/eps ( bo? races along ! upw>d way1 %\ld meet ) a he>ty welcome at ! h&s ( all lov]s ( mank9d4 ,,"p ,i ,,! ,,s*ool ,,& ,,its ,,purposes ,i ,,pres5t ,,a*ievem5ts ,,& ,,gov]n+ ,,ideals ,,by ,,emmett ,j4 ,,scott ,s mu* has be5 said ab\t ,tuskegee ,in/itute z a tra9+-s*ool 9 :i* to prep>e "y color$ m5 & wom5 = e>n+ a liv+ 9 ! _w ( trade & bus9ess1 t ! ideals & _s beh9d all ?is tra9+ are to a v l>ge ext5t lo/ sight (4 ,tuskegee1 ) its hundr$s ( acres ( f>m-l& "u intellig5t cultivation1 ) its ev]-increas+ numb] ( well-appo9t$ build+s & its equipm5t1 & ! _m ?+s on ! gr\nds includ$ 9 ! "n ( h&icrafts1 is always 9 ! public eye1 & cont9ually appeals to ! int]e/ ( ^? :o are deeply conc]n$ 9 ! well-be+ & progress ( ! ,negro p4 ,yet beh9d all ( ^! m tangible manife/ations ( "w1 skill1 & a*ievem5t1 !re is an unse51 p]si/5t grop+ aft] ! high] ideals ( life & liv+4 ,no "o c rema9 long on ! gr\nds z an intellig5t obs]v] ( all t is to be "h se5 & felt1 )\t recogniz+ t ! ?+s t are n writt5 9 ! catalogue & n a "p ( ! daily program ( activities are real1 vital1 & ( f>-rea*+ importance4 ,pr9cipal ,book] ,t4 ,wa%+ton & ! m5 & wom5 :o h help$ him to build ,tuskegee ,in/itute are con/antly look+ beyond ! pres5t to a future fill$ ) ! evid5ces ( a bett] liv+ = all ^? :o h felt ! trans=m+ _s ( ! hidd5 =ces at "w4 ,h[ ! p]spective wid5s & deep5s6 ,f>1 f> beyond ! conf9es ( ! ,tuskegee ,in/itute community ! light ( ?is new life is se5 & felt & has its salut>y effect4 ,! /agnant life ( c5turies has awak5$1 & is ca/+ (f its bonds4 ,a new t]m1 intellig5t ?rift1 has come into its possession4 ,:]ev] ?is t]m has gone & tak5 root1 !re has gone ) x ! ?\ght t unless ! idea make = "*1 z well z = m cotton or corn1 x is n ( mu* value4 ,! ,tuskegee ,idea always asks "o "q1 & t is1 ,:at are y8 & n1 ,:at h y8 ,! man :o does n rise sup]ior to 8 possessions does n measure up to ! ,tuskegee idea ( manhood4 ,illu/ration3 ,,emmett ,j4 ,,scott4 ,mr4 ,wa%+ton's ,executive ,secret>y4 ,9 o!r words1 "*-build+ is ! ,alpha & ,omega ( all t ,tuskegee /&s =4 ,f ! mom5t ! new /ud5t comes on ! gr\nds until he leaves1 he is appeal$ to 9 ways innum]able to reg>d life z m ?an bread or meat1 z m ?an m]e m5tal equipm5t4 ,cleanl9ess1 decorum1 promptness1 tru?fulness--^! are old-fa%ion$ virtues1 & are m prop]ly taught 9 ! home1 b 9 ,tuskegee !y mean ev]y?+4 ,tuskegee n only acts z a tea*]1 b assumes ! rle ( p>5t1 & lays emphasis on ! importance ( ^! virtues e mom5t ( ! "t f ! entrance ( ! /ud5t until ,comm5cem5t ,day4 ,! cleanl9ess t is next to godl9ess is "o ( ! ,tuskegee ideals1 & a /ud5t c sc>cely commit a m s]i\s misdemeanor ?an to appe> slov5ly1 ei!r 9 dress or mann]s4 ,! facilities & requirem5ts = ba?+ are q z complete & exact+ z ! equipm5ts 9 ! laboratories & recitation-rooms4 ,! result is t ,tuskegee has ! reputation ( be+ "o ( ! mo/ cleanly & sanit>y in/itutions 9 ! ,s\?4 ,z = good mann]s1 ,"l ,*e/]field himself w\ld sc>cely ask m ?an is insi/$ ^u by ,tuskegee precision4 ,a man mu/ fir/ be consci\s ( be+ a g5tleman be=e he c be recogniz$ z su* by o!rs1 & a girl's good mann]s are only outw>d evid5ces ( h] individual wor? & passport to respectful treatm5t4 ,tuskegee ,in/itute1 !n1 insi/s ^u ^! ?+s because !y make = "*1 & are a "p ( ! ideals t[>d :i* all tra9+ t5ds4 ,b h[ are all ^! ?+s taught & en=c$8 ,! fir/ requisite1 ( c\rse1 is ! "* ( ! tea*]s & in/ructors !mselves1 ! m5 & wom5 :o are ! embodim5t ( ! ideals t ,tuskegee ,in/itute /&s =4 ,:ile x c n be claim$ t ! be/ tea*]s 9 ! ,s\? are all at ,tuskegee1 x c be said t no o!r s*ool has s l>ge a numb] ( color$ m5 & wom5 :o h _h ! advantage ( ! highe/ indu/rial & intellectual1 moral & religi\s tra9+4 ,! tea*+ =ce is made up l>gely ( graduates f ne>ly e fir/-class educational in/itution 9 ,am]ica4 ,^! tea*]s h be5 c>efully s\ght out & br\ght to ,tuskegee1 n only = _! tea*+ ability1 b t ! /ud5ts may h ! b5efit ( ! be/ examples be=e !m ( :at ! highe/ culture c d = m5 & wom5 ( _! own race4 ,= ! majority ( our /ud5ts ! p]spective ( life is n>r[3 _m ( !m h nev] liv$ out ( ! community 9 :i* !y 7 born4 ,t 0 _! only _w2 _! ideals ( life 7 %ap$ by _! mean & n>r[ environm5ts4 ,!y h le>n$ to believe1 & act accord+ly1 t ! be/ p are all ( "o complexion1 & ! wor/ & poore/ p are all ( ano!r complexion4 ,!re is no su* ?+ z creat+ a s5tim5t ( race pride 9 su* p unless !y h set be=e !m liv+ examples ( _! own race 9 :om !y c feel a s5se ( pride4 ,x is sc>cely too mu* to say t "o ( ! be/ ?+s ab\t ! ,tuskegee ,in/itute is t x w9s our "y m5 & wom5 f mean & sordid environm5t & br+s !m 9 contact ) tea*]s ^: m9ds1 he>ts1 & lives h be5 enl>g$ & grac$ by ! highe/ le>n+ 9 ! be/ educational in/itutions ( ! c\ntry4 ,! s*ool tea*es no m important lesson ?an t ( cultivat+ a s5se ( pride & respect = color$ m5 & wom5 :o des]ve x because ( _! "*1 education1 & a*ievem5ts4 ,pride ( race1 ?\gh n s writt5 9 ! c\rses ( /udy1 is z mu* a "p ( ,tuskegee's "w z agriculture1 brick-mak+1 mill9]y1 or any o!r trade1 & q z important4 ,?is may be call$ s5tim5t1 b x makes = race developm5t q z mu* z any ( ! mat]ial ?+s taught 9 ! class-room or %op4 ,to borr[ a l9e f ,george ,eliot3 ,because our race has no great memories1 ,i w s live1 x %all rememb] me ,= de$s ( su* div9e b5efic5ce ,z riv]s h1 t tea* m5 :at is good ,by bless+ !m-- ,& make _! "n1 n[ b a badge ( scorn1 ,a glori\s bann] float+ 9 _! mid/1 ,/irr+ ! air !y brea! ) impulses ,( g5]\s pride1 exalt+ fell[%ip ,until x so>s to magnanimity4 ,t self-respect dem&s race pride2 t virtue is its own rew>d2 t "* is ! greate/ ?+ 9 human life1 are taught & emphasiz$ 9 o!r ways also4 ,dr4 ,wa%+ton has succe$$1 to a rem>kable degree1 9 develop+ ! ,tuskegee ,in/itute by insi/+ t ?is in/itution mu/ h no?+ less ?an ! be/ )9 & )\t x1 ev]y:]e4 ,:at is n be/ is only tempor>y4 ,^? :o h done mo/ = ! s*ool h be5 made to feel t ! "* ( ! "w done "h & ! ideals /riv5 = are des]v+ ( ! be/4 ,! idea t any?+ is good en\gh = a ,negro s*ool has nev] be5 all[$ to h any "p or ex]t any effect 9 ,tuskegee's expansion4 ,= example1 :5 ,mr4 ,c>negie donat$ ! money = a libr>y = ,tuskegee1 a build+ 0 erect$ ( classic outl9e--a noble /ructure ( arti/ic symmetry & beauty t mu/ appeal to e "o :o has any appreciation ( ar*itectural beauty4 ,! ,collis ,p4 ,hunt+ton ,memorial ,build+1 j complet$1 a gift ( ,mrs4 ,c4 ,p4 ,hunt+ton1 us$ = ! academic classes ( ! s*ool1 w\ld be a cr$it & delight to any municipality4 ,!re is ev]y?+ ab\t ! ext]ior & int]ior t mu/ awak5 a s5se ( pride 9 e pupil :o ent]s its portals4 ,its facilities are s5sible & uno/5tati\s1 yet !y meet e requirem5t ( ! dep>tm5t4 ,:at is true ( ! new ,academic ,build+ is likewise true ( ! v>i\s dormitories = girls & boys4 ,! cleanl9ess & ! sanitation to be f\nd at ,tuskegee are 9 delightful contra/ to ! poor environm5t to :i* _m ( ! /ud5ts h be5 accu/om$2 especially is ?is contra/ height5$ :5 ^! same /ud5ts h1 "u compet5t direction1 in/all$ ! plants :i* yield ^! com=ts4 ,?us x is t 9 dormitory1 recitation-room1 %op1 d9+-hall1 libr>y1 *apel1 & l&scape1 ! idea t only ! be/ is wor? hav+ & /riv+ = is emphasiz$ z an object-lesson & pr9ciple ) su* insi/5ce t x becomes an actual "p ( a /ud5t's tra9+ & life4 ,! /ud5t at ,tuskegee is con/antly be+ tra9$ to look up & =w>d4 ,he le>ns h[ ! idea ( beauty c be actualiz$ 9 home & social life2 h[ fai?ful p]=mance ( e duty means nobility ( "*2 h[ ! value ( a*ievem5t is det]m9$ by ! motive beh9d x4 ,b besides ^!1 ! "o aim1 ?\ght1 or anxiety ar\nd :i* all o!rs revolve is ! high honorabl5ess ( all k9ds ( "w intellig5tly done4 ,9 a section :]e ^? :o "w ) _! h&s are m>k$ (f by ! inexorable l9e ( ca/e f ^? :o "w ) _! bra9s or n at all1 ?is idea ( mak+ intellig5t "w m honorable ?an intellig5t idl5ess is ( con/ructive value 9 race developm5t4 ,! problem t ! ,tuskegee ,in/itute is help+ to solve is n only t ! color$ p %all d _! proportionate %>e ( ! "w1 b t !y %all d x 9 su* a way t ! b5efits w rema9 ) ^? :o d ! "w4 ,:o c measure ! trans=m+ effect & influ5ce :5 x c be said t ! be/ me*anics & ! be/ agriculturi/s 9 ! ,s\? are ,negroes8 ,c]ta9ly1 if su* a "t ev] comes1 !re w be no su* pa9ful ?+ z a race problem1 z ,negroes n[ see x & feel x4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,collis ,p4 ,,hunt+ton ,,memorial ,,build+4 ,?is is "o ( ,tuskegee's l>ge/ ideals2 n t ,tuskegee alone c br+ ab\t a consummation s dev\tly to be wi%$1 b x is ambiti\s to be a pot5t factor 9 all ! t5d5cies t make = su* a condition ( life 9 ! he>t ( ! ,s\?4 ,s important is ?is aim & idea ( ,tuskegee1 t x all[s no criticism to affect1 int]f]e1 or obscure its vision4 ,tuskegee says to ! _w t x is det]m9$ n only to be a s*ool1 b an ag5t ( civilization1 a mission>y = a bett] life1 t %all /& = a k9dli] relation%ip betwe5 ! races4 ,! s*ool en?usia/ically seeks to live up to ! ideal ( its ,pr9cipal1 t education 9 ! broade/ & true/ s5se is design$ to influ5ce individuals to help o!rs2 is design$1 fir/1 la/1 & all ! "t1 to trans=m & en]gize individuals into life-giv+ ag5cies = ! uplift ( _! fell[s4 ,pr9cipal ,wa%+ton's :ole educational cre$1 accept$ by ,tuskegee ,in/itute tea*]s & /ud5ts alike1 0 rec5tly decl>$ 9 "o ( 8 famili> ,sunday-ev5+ talks to ! /ud5ts ( ! in/itution4 ,said he3 ,education 9 ! broade/ & true/ s5se w make an individual seek to help all p1 reg>dless ( race1 reg>dless ( color1 reg>dless ( condition4 ,& y w f9d t ! p]son :o is mo/ truly educat$ is ! "o :o is go+ to be k9de/1 & is go+ to act 9 ! g5tle/ mann] t[>d p]sons :o are un=tunate1 t[>d ! race or ! individual t is mo/ despis$4 ,! highly educat$ p]son is ! "o :o is mo/ consid]ate ( ^? individuals :o are less =tunate4 ,i hope :5 y g out f "h & meet p]sons :o are afflict$ by pov]ty1 :e!r ( m9d or body1 or p]sons :o are un=tunate 9 any way1 t y w %[ y\r education by be+ j z k9d & consid]ate t[>d ^? p]sons z x is possible = y to be4 ,t is ! way to te/ a p]son ) education4 ,y may see ignorant p]sons1 :o p]haps ?9k !mselves educat$1 go+ ab\t ! /reet1 & :5 !y meet an individual :o is un=tunate--lame1 or ) a defect ( body1 m9d1 or spee*--are incl9$ to laugh at & make sport ( t individual4 ,b ! highly educat$ p]son1 ! "o :o is really cultivat$1 is g5tle & sympa!tic to e "o4 ,education is meant to make u absolutely hone/ 9 deal+ ) our fell[s4 ,i d n c>e h[ mu* ari?metic we h1 or h[ _m cities we c locate2 x is all useless unless we h an education t makes u absolutely hone/4 ,education is meant to make u give satisfaction1 & to get satisfaction out ( giv+ x4 ,x is meant to make u get happ9ess out ( s]vice = our fell[s4 ,& until we get to ! po9t :]e we c get happ9ess & supreme satisfaction out ( help+ our fell[s1 we are n truly educat$4444 ,education is meant to make u appreciate ! ?+s t are beautiful 9 nature4 ,a p]son is nev] educat$ until he is able to g into ! swamps & woods & see some?+ t is beautiful 9 ! trees & %rubs !re--is able to see some?+ beautiful 9 ! grass & fl[]s t surr\nd him--is1 9 %ort1 able to see some?+ beautiful1 elevat+1 & inspir+ 9 ev]y?+ t ,god has creat$4 ,n only %\ld education enable u to see beauty 9 ^! objects :i* ,god has put ab\t u1 b x is meant to influ5ce u to br+ beautiful objects ab\t u4 ,i hope t ea* "o ( y1 aft] y graduate1 w surr\nd himself at home ) :at is beautiful1 inspir+1 & elevat+4 ,i d n believe t any p]son is educat$ s long z he lives 9 a dirty1 mis]able %anty4 ,i d n believe t any p]son is educat$ until he has le>n$ to want to live 9 a clean room made attractive ) pictures & books1 & ) su* surr\nd+s z are elevat+4 ,9 a ^w1 ,i wi% to say aga9 t education is meant to give u t culture1 t ref9em5t1 t ta/e1 :i* w make u deal tru?fully & sympa!tically ) our fell[ m51 & w make u see :at is beautiful1 elevat+1 & inspir+ 9 :at ,god has creat$4 ,i want y to be> 9 m9d t y\r text-books1 ) all _! cont5ts1 are n an end1 b a means to an end--a means to help u get ! highe/1 ! be/1 ! pure/1 & ! mo/ beautiful ?+s out ( life4 ,! ,tuskegee tra9$ boy or girl has set be=e him e h\r 9 ! day1 & e day 9 ! ye>1 ! sub/antial educational ideals "h set =?4 ,books1 valuable z !y are1 & n[h]e m ?or\ghly reckon$ z su* ?an "h1 are only a means to an end3 ?is is ! gospel prea*$ by ! ,tuskegee tea*]4 ,life is ! great1 ! et]nal ?+2 ! s]v+ ( "o's fell[s1 ! m9i/]+ unto ! ne$y ( a grop+1 develop+ p--?is is ! ?+ n =gott51 b ev] con/antly en=c$ by precept & by example4 ,! _m old & "t-worn frame build+s are be+ replac$ by f9ely built & impos+ brick & /one /ructures2 ! tall[ dip & antiquat$ oil-lamp & gas-jet1 z illum9ators1 h pal$ be=e ! m brilliant :ite light ( electricity1 in/all$ by ,tuskegee /ud5ts & op]at$ by !m4 ,pati5ce & fai?6--^! are ,tuskegee's wat*words & h] /&>d virtues4 ,:at c n be accompli%$ to-day w c]ta9ly be accompli%$ to-morr[4 ,s1 9 its l>g] outlook & h\sehold anxieties1 ,tuskegee ,in/itute tea*]s are confid5t t ! ?+s taught & en=c$ by example & precept w ju/ify _! ef=ts 9 help+ to make a dep5d5t p indep5d5t1 a di/ract$ p confid5t1 & an humble p to ?rill ) pride 9 itself & 9 its be/ m5 & wom54 ,?us x is t ,tuskegee ,in/itute has nev] be5 satisfi$ ) be+ m]ely a s*ool1 conc]n$ :olly ) its recitations & tra9+ 9 %op & field4 ,e /ud5t :o c>ries a diploma f ^! gr\nds is urg$ n to hang t diploma on ! wall z an ornam5t1 z an evid5ce ( individual sup]iority1 b to make x mean some?+ con/ructive & life-giv+ to e "o 9 ! community :]e he mu/ live & "w4 ,! "y m5 & wom5 :o are tra9$ = mission "w 9 =eign c\ntries are n m c>efully tra9$ 9 ! _s ( consecration ?an are ^! "y m5 & wom5 tra9$ at ,tuskegee = ! "w ( creat+ bett] economic & social conditions among _! own p4 ,x is n necess>y to /ate "h :at has already be5 accompli%$ 9 _m p>ts ( ! ,s\? by ,tuskegee graduates4 ,! select$ examples set =? 9 ?is book are evid5ce en\gh4 ,x is suffici5t to say t ! ,tuskegee ,in/itute is det]m9$ to become m & m a di/9ctive influ5ce among ! reg5]ative ag5cies t are gradually br++ ord] out ( *aos1 & ju/ice1 peace1 & happ9ess out ( ! wret*$ disord]s ( a pa9ful pa/4 ,x is easy to trace ! influ5ce ( su* well-e/abli%$ in/itutions z ,h>v>d & ,yale 9 ! progressive life ( ! ,am]ican p4 ,! sons ( ,h>v>d & ,yale almo/ dom9ate civilization 9 ,am]ica4 ,9 ano!r s5se1 x is possible = ,tuskegee to h a l influ5ce 9 ! _m ?+s t mu/ be accompli%$ 9 ! ,s\?1 be=e love & ju/ice %all supplant race prejudice & race antagonism4 ,?is rea*+ out helpfully 9 all directions :]e help is ne$$ is ! di/+ui%+ feature ( ,tuskegee4 ,?is race-lov+ _s gives x a l>g5ess ( view & purpose t saves bo? its tea*]s & pupils f be+ n>r[ & self-c5t]$4 ,take f ,tuskegee all ?is vision spl5did1 & x w at once %r9k into common-place insignificance4 ,set y\r ideals high1 says ! di/+ui%$ man :o "h is ,pr9cipal z he 0 f\nd]1 & 9 y\r ef=ts to rea* !m y become /rong = great] ?+s4 ,x is b tru? to say t no in/itution 9 all ! l&1 :e!r = :ite or black education1 /&s = high] & m g5]\s ideals4 ,unless ! "y man :o goes away f ,tuskegee z blacksmi?1 c>p5t]1 pr9t]1 or z any o!r me*anic1 is some?+ m ?an ^!1 he has be5 incapable ( p]ceiv+ & tak+ 9 ! ideals t g ) ^! accompli%m5ts4 ,he has be5 taught ov] & ov] aga9 to hit* 8 wagon to ! />s1 & if he fail to d s1 ! fault is 9 himself1 & n 9 ,tuskegee4 ,z betwe5 a poor doctor & a poor c>p5t]1 !re is b scant *oice4 ,!y are bo? failures & to be avoid$4 ,honor 9 "o is z preci\s z 9 ! o!r4 ,honor & effici5cy--^!1 !re=e1 are ! ideal te/ ( e son & daught] t passes out ( ^! gr\nds into ! l>g] _w ( "w & responsibility4 ,:at a t]rible task x has be5 & /ill is to tea* ! lessons ( ! upw>d _s3 ,god's 9 ,8 heav51 all's well ) ! _w4 ,hope is /r5g? & disc\ragem5t is weakness4 ,ev]y?+ t is false & unju/ & wrong is transitory4 ,^? :o are brave en\gh to solve problems %all be m honor$ ( mank9d ?an ^? :o create problems :i* !y make no ef=t to solve4 ,!re c be no lib]ty )\t intellig5ce1 no indep5d5ce )\t indu/ry1 & no p[] = man1 & no *>m = woman1 )\t "*4 ,^! are "s ( ! ideals t[>d :i* all our tea*+ leads2 )\t ^! !re w\ld be no ,tuskegee2 ) !m1 z its v life & _s & inspiration1 ,tuskegee %all lead into m ways ( peace1 happ9ess1 & p[] ?an we ( ?is g5]ation h yet dream$ (1 or realiz$4 ,,ii ,,res\rces ,,& ,,mat]ial ,,equipm5t ,,by ,,w>r5 ,,logan ,:5 ! ,alabama ,legislature 9 #ahha pass$ an act to e/abli% a ,normal ,s*ool = color$ p at ,tuskegee & appropriat$ = x #b1jjj ye>ly1 x made no provision :atev] = l& or build+s2 ^! 7 left to be provid$ = by ! p :o 7 to be b5efit$ by ! s*ool4 ,"h 0 almo/ a case ( be+ requir$ to make bricks )\t /raw4 ,b z matt]s h turn$ out1 ?is neglect 0 ! be/ ?+ t c\ld h happ5$ to ! s*ool4 ,fir/ x gave opportunity = ! employm5t ( ^? spl5did qualities ( pluck1 self-help1 & p]sev]ance :i* h di/+ui%$ ,mr4 ,wa%+ton s preem95tly 9 ! build+ ( ,tuskegee4 ,moreov]1 ! ,/ate has contribut$ no?+ to ! s*ool 9 ! way ( l& or build+s2 x has n s\ght to control ! prop]ty ( ! in/itution1 leav+ x free to be manag$ by ! ,bo>d ( ,tru/ees4 ,! s*ool 0 op5$ on ! #d? ( ,july1 #ahha1 9 an old *ur* build+ 9 ! t[n ( ,tuskegee1 :i* lies ne>ly two miles f ! pres5t s*ool-gr\nds4 ,lat] 9 ! same ye> ! gr[? ( ! s*ool made x necess>y to obta9 additional room1 :i* 0 f\nd 9 a dilapidat$ %anty /&+ ne> ! *ur* & :i* _h be5 us$ z ! village s*oolh\se s9ce ! w>4 ,^! build+s 7 9 su* bad condition t :5 x ra9$ x 0 necess>y = ! tea*] & /ud5ts to use umbrellas 9 ord] to protect !mselves f ! elem5ts :ile recitations 7 be+ conduct$4 ,/ud5ts :o came f a di/ance bo>d$ 9 families 9 ! t[n1 :]e ! conditions ( liv+ 7 v mu* l ^? 9 _! own homes1 & ^! 7 f> bel[ prop] /&>ds4 ,mr4 ,wa%+ton1 und]/&+ ! great ne$ = color$ p to be tra9$ 9 correct ways ( liv+ z well z to be educat$ 9 books1 det]m9$ to secure a p]man5t location = ! s*ool1 ) build+s 9 :i* ! /ud5ts might live "u ! c>e & influ5ce ( tea*]s day & night1 dur+ ! :ole p]iod ( _! connection ) ! s*ool4 ,illu/ration3 ,,w>r5 ,,logan4 ,treasur] ( ! ,s*ool4 ,x s happ5$ at ?is "t t !re 0 an old f>m ( #ajj acres 9 ! we/]n "p ( ! t[n ( ,tuskegee1 well suit$ to be ! site ( su* a s*ool1 :i* c\ld be _h = #ejj4 ,b :]e 0 ! money to be f\nd to pay = x8 ,mr4 ,wa%+ton himself _h no money1 & ! p ( ! t[n1 mu* int]e/$ z !y 7 9 ! ent]prise1 7 :olly unable to give direct f9ancial assi/ance4 ,g5]al ,j4 ,f4 ,b4 ,m>%all1 !n treasur] ( ! ,hampton ,in/itute 9 ,virg9ia1 0 appeal$ to = a loan ( #bjj ) :i* to make ! fir/ paym5t4 ,?is he gladly made1 & ! f>m 0 secur$4 ,9 a few mon?s suffici5t money 0 rais$ f ent]ta9m5ts & subscriptions 9 ! ,nor? & ,s\? 7"o fri5d 9 ,connecticut giv+ #cjj7 to return ! loan ( ,g5]al ,m>%all & pay ! balance due on ! pur*ase ( ! prop]ty4 ,! l& ?us secur$1 prep>ations 7 at once begun to put up a s*ool build+1 t[>d ! co/ ( :i* ,mr4 ,a4 ,h4 ,port]1 ( ,brooklyn1 ,n4 ,y41 gave #ejj1 ! /ructure be+ nam$ ,port] ,hall 9 recognition ( ,mr4 ,port]'s g5]osity4 ,9 ?is build+1 :i* has ?ree /ories & a basem5t1 all ! op]ations ( ! s*ool 7 = a "t conduct$4 ,9 ! basem5t 7 a kit*51 d9+-room1 laundry1 & commiss>y4 ,! fir/ /ory 0 devot$ to academic & indu/rial class-rooms2 9 ! second 0 an assembly-room1 :]e devotions & public ex]cises = ! :ole s*ool 7 held1 :ile ! ?ird 0 giv5 up to dormitories4 ,f ?is small beg9n+ has gr[n ! pres5t ext5sive plant at ,tuskegee1 compris+ #b1cjj acres ( l&1 on :i* are locat$ #abc build+s ( all k9ds devot$ to ! uses ( ! in/itution4 ,"s idea ( ! impression :i* ! size ( ! s*ool makes ^u "o :o sees x = ! fir/ "t may be ga!r$ f ! rem>k ( a ,nor!rn visitor1 :o1 ^u return+ to 8 home f a trip ?r\gh ! ,s\?1 0 ask$ by a fri5d if he _h se5 ,book] ,wa%+ton's s*ool4 ,s*ool8 he repli$4 ,i h se5 ,book] ,wa%+ton's city4 ,ab\t #aej acres con/itute ! pres5t campus1 ! re/ ( ! s*ool-l&s be+ devot$ to f>ms1 truck-g>d5s1 pa/ures1 brick-y>ds1 etc4 ,runn+ ?r\gh ! gr\nds prop] & ext5d+ ! entire di/ance ( ! f>ms = two or ?ree miles is a driveway1 on ei!r side ( :i*1 & on roads lead+ f x1 are locat$ ! build+s ( ! ,in/itute4 ,^!1 = ! mo/ "p1 are brick /ructures1 & h be5 built by ! /ud5ts !mselves "u ! direction ( _! in/ructors 9 ! v>i\s build+ trades4 ,! plans = ^! build+s h be5 drawn 9 ! ar*itectural-draw+ division ( ! ,in/itute4 ,:ile n z ornate z ! build+s ( "s o!r in/itutions1 !y are sub/antial & well adapt$ to ! uses = :i* !y are int5d$4 ,! new] build+s1 con/ruct$ 9 ! la/ t5 ye>s1 are m arti/ic & impos+1 %[+ great improvem5t 9 matt]s ( ar*itectural design & f9i%4 ,n only h ! /ud5ts p]=m$ ! build+ op]ations t ent]$ into ! con/ruction ( ^! build+s1 b !y h also manufactur$ ! brick1 & h prep>$ mu* ( ! wood5 & o!r mat]ials t 7 us$4 ,we sometimes speak ( a man z self-made1 b ,i h nev] kn[n ano!r great educational in/itution t c\ld be s describ$4 ,tuskegee1 itself1 is di/9ctively self-made4 ,port] ,hall 0 complet$ & occupi$ 9 ! spr+ ( #ahhc4 ,! foll[+ ye> a brick build+ = girls 0 und]tak51 & two ye>s lat] complet$4 ,?is build+1 nam$ ,alabama ,hall1 is rectangul> 9 %ape & f\r /ories high4 ,x conta9s a kit*5 & d9+-room1 reception-rooms1 ap>tm5ts ( ! ,dean ( ! ,woman's ,dep>tm5t1 & sleep+-rooms4 ,!re 0 no special gift made = ?is build+1 ! money requir$ = its erection be+ tak5 f ! g5]al funds ( ! ,in/itute z !y c\ld be sp>$4 ,a w+ add$ lat] gave m space = d9+-rooms & provid$ a numb] ( sleep+-rooms4 ,! money us$ 9 putt+ up ! build+s at ,tuskegee is made to d d\ble duty4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 x provides ! build+s = :i* x 0 prim>ily giv51 &1 9 ! second place1 furni%es opportunities = "y m5 to le>n ! trades :i* are employ$ 9 _! con/ruction4 ,foll[+ closely ^u ! completion ( ,alabama ,hall1 !re 0 begun ano!r brick /ructure to be us$ z a dormitory = "y m54 ,olivia ,davidson ,hall be>s ! honor$ "n ( ! s*ool's fir/ & only ,assi/ant ,pr9cipal4 ,miss ,davidson p]=m$ a conspicu\s "p 9 e/abli%+ ! s*ool & plac+ its claim = support be=e ! public4 ,?is build+ is a f\r-/ory /ructure1 & ! fir/ ( ! s*ool's build+s = :i* ! plans 7 made by ! tea*] ( ar*itectural draw+4 ,! plans = all ! build+s put up by ! ,in/itute are n[ made 9 ! division ( ar*itectural draw+ 9 *>ge ( ,mr4 ,r4 ,r4 ,taylor1 a graduate ( ! ,massa*usetts ,in/itute ( ,te*nology1 :o is ably assi/$ by ,mr4 ,w4 ,s4 ,pittman1 a graduate ( ,tuskegee & ( ! ,drexel ,in/itute 9 ,philadelphia4 ,! ne$ = a build+ to h\se ! me*anical indu/ries :i*1 until #ahib1 _h be5 conduct$ 9 tempor>y frame build+s on diff]5t p>ts ( ! gr\nds1 l$ to ! erection ( ,cass$y ,hall1 a ?ree-/ory brick build+ /&+ at ! ea/ entrance to ! gr\nds4 ,cass$y ,hall1 toge!r ) a small] build+ devot$ to a blacksmi? %op & f\ndry1 0 us$ = ! purpose m5tion$1 until ?ree ye>s ago1 :5 all ! indu/ries = m5 7 mov$ into ! ,slat]-,arm/rong ,memorial ,trades ,build+1 at ! opposite end ( ! gr\nds4 ,?r\gh ! g5]osity ( ,mr4 ,george ,f4 ,peabody1 ( ,new ,york1 ,cass$y ,hall has s9ce be5 conv]t$ into a dormitory = "y m51 & s]ves admirably = ?is purpose4 ,phelps ,hall1 :i* is ! ,bible ,tra9+ ,s*ool ,build+1 is ! gift ( two ,new ,york ladies :o desir$ to d some?+ to improve ! ,negro m9i/ry4 ,! build+ is ( wood & has ?ree /ories1 conta9+ a lecture-hall1 recitation-rooms1 libr>y1 & sleep+-rooms = "y m54 ,a broad v]&a ext5ds entirely ar\nd ! build+4 ,la/ ye> !re 7 enroll$ fifty-six /ud5ts = ! c\rse 9 ,bible ,tra9+1 & among !m 7 a numb] ( orda9$ m9i/]s :o h regul> *>ges4 ,phelps ,hall 0 d$icat$ 9 #ahib1 ,dr4 ,lyman ,abbott prea*+ ! d$icatory s]mon & ,g5]al ,samuel ,c4 ,arm/rong deliv]+ an address1 :i* 0 among 8 la/ public utt]ances4 ,9 ! next ye> ,sci5ce ,hall 7n[ call$ ,?ra%] ,hall1 aft] ! lam5t$ ,max ,b5nett ,?ra%]7 0 built4 ,?is is a h&some ?ree-/ory build+1 ) recitation-rooms & laboratories 9 ! fir/ two /ories1 & sleep+-rooms = tea*]s & boys 9 ! ?ird /ory4 ,ab\t ?is "t a frame cottage ) two /ories & attic 0 built by ! s*ool z a resid5ce = ,mr4 ,wa%+ton4 ,?is he occupi$ until ! gift ( two ,brooklyn fri5ds enabl$ him to erect on 8 own lot1 j opposite ! s*ool-gr\nds1 8 pres5t h&some brick resid5ce1 :]e he disp5ses a g5]\s hospitality to ! s*ool's gue/s & to ! tea*]s ( ! ,in/itute4 ,! cottage :i* he vacat$ 0 aft]w>d utiliz$ = a "t z a libr>y1 b n[ is ! home ( ,director ,bruce ( ! ,academic ,dep>tm5t4 ,alabama ,hall1 already m5tion$1 soon prov$ inadequate to meet ! ne$s ( ! ,woman's ,dep>tm5t4 ,a long "o-/ory frame build+1 hav+ ! %ape ( a lett] ,t1 0 !n erect$ j 9 ! re> ( ,alabama ,hall4 ,x has be5 us$ = girls' sleep+-rooms until ?is ye>1 :5 x 0 tak5 d[n to make room = a p>k & playgr\nd = "y wom54 ,!re 7 also successively built = ! gr[+ dem&s ( ?is dep>tm5t1 & 9 ! vic9ity ( ! orig9al girls' build+1 ,will[ ,cottage1 ,hamilton ,cottage1 ,p>k] ,memorial ,home1 ,hunt+ton ,hall1 & only ?is la/ ye> ,d\glass ,hall4 ,hunt+ton ,hall is ! gift ( ,mrs4 ,collis ,p4 ,hunt+ton4 ,9 design1 f9i%1 & appo9tm5ts x is "o ( ! be/ build+s own$ by ! s*ool4 ,?ree ye>s ago a weal?y b uno/5tati\s g5tleman1 :o w\ld n p]mit 8 "n to be us$ 9 connection ) 8 b5efaction1 gave ! s*ool #be1jjj = a build+ = girls1 sugge/+ t ! /ructure %\ld be> ! "n ( "s not$ ,negro4 ,d\glass ,hall 0 erect$ ) ?is money & nam$ 9 honor ( t great lead] ( ! race1 ,fr$]ick ,d\glass4 ,x is a two-/ory brick build+1 ) a basem5t 9 its c5tral section1 & conta9s #dj sleep+-rooms1 a reception-room1 ba?rooms1 & a l>ge assembly-room ) a seat+ capacity or #dej4 ,9 ?is room ! ,dean ( ! ,woman's ,dep>tm5t holds meet+s ) ! girls on que/ions ( heal?1 morals1 & mann]s4 ,! build+ is heat$ ) /eam & light$ by electricity4 ,all 9 all1 ,d\glass ,hall is ! be/ ( ! build+s s f> built by ! ,in/itute1 & is a fitt+ monum5t to ! man ^: "n x be>s4 ,! ,slat]-,arm/rong ,memorial ,agricultural ,build+ 0 complet$ & d$icat$ 9 #ahig4 ,hon4 ,james ,wilson1 ,secret>y ( ,agriculture ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 honor$ ! s*ool by 8 pres5ce & an address on ! occasion ( ! =mal op5+ ( ?is build+4 ,x is a brick /ructure ( two-&-a-half /ories1 ) recitation-rooms1 laboratory1 museums1 libr>y1 & an (fice = ! use ( ! ,dep>tm5t ( ,agriculture4 ,9 addition to its appropriation ( #c1jjj = ! g5]al "w ( ! s*ool1 ! ,/ate ( ,alabama makes an annual appropriation ( #a1ejj = ! ma9t5ance ( an ,agricultural ,exp]im5t ,/ation4 ,! plots ( ! ,/ation & ! s*ool-f>m are 9 close proximity to ! ,agricultural ,build+1 & on ^! ! "y m5 tak+ ! c\rse 9 ,agriculture put 9 practise ! !ories :i* !y le>n 9 ! class-room4 ,_m important exp]im5ts h be5 und]tak5 by ! ,/ation1 ( p>ticul> int]e/ be+ ^? relat+ to soil build+1 ! hybridization ( sea-isl& cotton ) "s ( ! common %ort-/aple v>ieties1 f]tiliz] te/s ) potatoes1 by :i* x has be5 %[n t x is possible to raise z mu* z #bff bu%els p] acre on light1 s&y soil su* z t compris+ ! s*ool-l&s1 :ile ! av]age yield 9 ! same "p ( ,alabama is n m ?an #dj bu%els to ! acre4 ,! next build+ ( importance to be put up aft] ! ,agricultural ,build+ 0 ! ,*apel4 ,ano!r gift f ! two ,new ,york ladies :o gave ! money = ,phelps ,hall made possible ?is magnific5t /ructure1 admitt$ly "o ( ! mo/ impos+ *ur* edifices 9 ! ,s\?4 ,x is built ( brick1 #a1bjj1jjj bricks ent]+ into its con/ruction1 all ( :i* 7 laid by /ud5t masons4 ,x has /one trimm+s1 & 9 %ape is a cross1 ! nave ) *oir hav+ a l5g? ( #aed feet1 & ! di/ance ?r\gh ! transept be+ #ajf feet4 ,!re are ant]ooms & a /udy = ! ,*apla9 ( ! ,in/itute4 ,includ+ ! gall]y ! seat+ capacity is #b1djj4 ,"h all ga!r+s ( ! s*ool = religi\s & o!r purposes are n[ held4 ,! great ,tuskegee ,negro ,conf]5ce t assembles 9 ,febru>y ( ea* ye> holds its meet+s 9 ! ,*apel4 ,ne> ! ,*apel are ! ,b>racks1 two long1 r\ghly con/ruct$ "o-/ory frame build+s1 :i* are us$ z sleep+ qu>t]s = "y m5 until !y c be bett] h\s$ 9 p]man5t build+s4 ,until #aijj ! me*anical indu/ries at ,tuskegee 7 conduct$ 9 ,cass$y ,hall & "s adjo9+ frame build+s4 ,9 t ye> !y 7 mov$ into ! commodi\s qu>t]s :i* ! !n j complet$ ,slat]-,arm/rong ,memorial ,trades ,build+ furni%$4 ,?is build+ is rectangul> 9 %ape1 is built ab\t a c5tral c\rt1 & cov]s m space ?an any o!r ( ! s*ool build+s4 ,9 its outside dim5sions x is #bhc feet by #cae feet4 ,! front half ( ! build+ is two /ories high1 ! re> half "o /ory4 ,x is con/ruct$ ( brick1 ) a t9 ro(1 &1 l ! o!r l>g] build+s at ! ,in/itute1 has /eam heat & electric light4 ,! money = ?is build+ came 9 "p f ! ,j4 ,w4 & ,bel9da ,l4 ,r&all ,*>ities ,fund ( ,bo/on & ! /eadfa/ fri5d ( ! s*ool1 ,mr4 ,george ,fo/] ,peabody1 ( ,new ,york4 ,!re is a tablet 9 ! build+ be>+ ! foll[+ inscription3 ,?is tablet is erect$ 9 memory ( ! g5]osity ( ,j4 ,w4 & ,bel9da ,l4 ,r&all1 ( ,bo/on1 ,massa*usetts1 f ^: e/ate #bj1jjj 7 receiv$ t[>d ! erection ( ! build+4 ,! v>i\s %ops 9 ?is build+ are fairly well equipp$ ) tools & app>atus to d ! "w requir$ ( !m & to tea* ! trades pursu$ by ! "y m54 ,tak+ ! ,ma*9e ,division z an example1 we f9d x suppli$ ) "o #ah-;in* la!1 "o #ad-;in* la!1 "o #bj-;in* plan]1 "o #ab-;in* %ap+-ma*9e1 "o #bj-;in* drill-press1 "o #f-a_/b-;in* pipe-cutt+ & ?read+ ma*9e1 "o ,br[n & ,%>pe tool-gr9d]1 "o s5sitive drill-press1 &1 ( c\rse1 ! cu/om>y tools t g ) ^! ma*9es4 ,! ,electric-,light+ ,plant is also locat$ 9 ?is build+4 ,n only does ?is ,division light ! build+s & gr\nds ( ! ,in/itute1 b x furni%es light to individuals 9 ! t[n ( ,tuskegee1 :i* is1 at pres5t1 )\t o!r electric-light+ facilities4 ,9 #ahie ! s*ool suff]$ ! loss by fire ( its well-appo9t$ b>n1 toge!r ) "s ( its f9e/ mil* c[s4 ,?is is ! only s]i\s fire t has occurr$ 9 ! hi/ory ( ! s*ool--a record almo/ unp>allel$ 9 an e/abli%m5t s l>ge4 ,?is fact has l$ to ! s*ool be+ able to get insurance at a l[] rate ?an is g5]ally giv5 to educational in/itutions4 ,x 0 n until #aijj t ! s*ool fully recov]$ f ! loss ( its b>n4 ,9 ?is ye> fri5ds 9 ,brooklyn gave ! money ) :i* to rebuild ! b>n on a l>g] scale4 ,x 0 deem$ wise n to put all ! money into "o build+1 b to erect numb]s ( small] ones & locate !m s z to m9imize ! fire risk4 ,accord+ly1 plans 7 made to build a h5n]y1 cream]y1 dairy-b>n1 horse-b>n1 c>riage-h\se1 tool-h\se1 pigg]y1 silos1 & slaught]-h\se4 ,all ^! build+s 7 at once put up1 & are n[ giv+ effective s]vice4 ,at pres5t ! s*ool owns #dg horses & colts1 #gf mules1 #die c[s & calves1 #fja pigs1 & #igg f[ls ( diff]5t k9ds4 ,^! animals are all ( good /ock1 "s ( !m be+ ?or\ghbr$s1 & are c>$ = by ! /ud5ts :o "w 9 ! ,agricultural ,dep>tm5t4 ,doro?y ,hall1 ! build+ :i* accommodates ! ,girls' ,indu/rial ,dep>tm5t1 0 built 9 #aija on ! side ( ! driveway opposite ! ,boys' ,trades ,build+4 ,?is build+ is ! gift ( ! two ,new ,york ladies :o gave ! ,*apel & ,phelps ,hall4 ,x s]ves its purpose admirably1 ! rooms be+ l>ge1 well light$1 & airy4 ,"h are conduct$ all ! trades taught to "y wom51 includ+ sew+1 dressmak+1 mill9]y1 laund]+1 cook+1 h\sekeep+1 mattress-mak+1 uphol/]+1 broom-mak+1 & basketry4 ,z ) ! boys' trades1 !re is a v fair equipm5t ( accessories = prop] tea*+4 ,9 po9t ( "t1 ! next important build+ provid$ 0 ! ,c>negie ,libr>y1 ,mr4 ,c>negie giv+ #bj1jjj = ! build+ & furni%+s4 ,! /ructure is two /ories high1 ) massive ,cor9?ian columns on ! front4 ,x conta9s1 besides ! libr>y prop]1 a l>ge assembly-room1 an hi/orical room1 /udy-rooms1 & (fices = ! ,libr>ian4 ,! build+ & ! furniture are ! product ( /ud5t labor4 ,9 #aija1 ) #b1jjj giv5 by ,mrs4 ,qu9cy ,a4 ,%aw1 ( ,bo/on1 & #ajj contribut$ by graduates ( ! ,in/itute z a nucleus1 ! ,*ildr5's ,h\se 0 built4 ,?is is a "o-/ory frame build+ ( good proportions1 9 :i* ! prim>y s*ool ( ! t[n is taught4 ,x is ! practise-s*ool = /ud5ts ( ! ,in/itute :o mean to tea*4 ,a k9d]g>t5 has also be5 e/abli%$4 ,mr4 ,rockefell] has giv5 a dormitory = boys1 :i* 0 complet$ & occupi$ la/ ye>4 ,! lack ( adequate sleep+ qu>t]s = "y m51 f :i* ! s*ool has suff]$ f ! beg9n+1 0 v mat]ially suppli$ 9 ,rockefell] ,hall1 :i* is a ?ree-/ory brick /ructure1 furni%+ accommodations = #aej /ud5ts4 ,?is ne$ = dormitories has be5 /ill fur!r met ?r\gh ! gift ( ?ree brick cottages by ,miss ,julia ,em]y1 an ,am]ican n[ liv+ 9 ,london4 ,two ( ^! build+s 7 f9i%$ la/ ye>1 & "y m5 are n[ liv+ 9 !m4 ,! ?ird is ne>+ completion4 ,all are two /ories high1 ) a hall runn+ ?r\gh ! middle1 & conta9 #dj rooms ( good size4 ,until la/ ye> ! (fices ( ! ,in/itute 7 scatt]$ ov] ! gr\nds :]ev] room c\ld be f\nd4 ,a ,new ,york fri5d1 :o does n p]mit ! use ( 8 "n1 see+ ! ne$ ( ! s*ool = a build+ 9 :i* ! (fices might be conc5trat$1 ?us greatly increas+ ! effici5cy ( its adm9i/rative "w1 gave #ai1jjj = ?is purpose4 ,! ,(fice ,build+1 complet$ 9 ! latt] "p ( #aijc1 is ! result ( ?is b5efaction4 ,x is two-&-a-half /ories high1 & conta9s ! (fices ( ! ,pr9cipal1 ! ,pr9cipal's ,secret>y1 ,treasur]1 ,auditor1 ,bus9ess ,ag5t1 ,comm&ant1 ,regi/r>1 & ! ,po/-,(fice & ,sav+s ,dep>tm5t4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,(fice ,,build+ ,,9 ,,process ,,( ,,erection4 ,/ud5t c>p5t]s %[n at "w4 ,! mo/ pret5ti\s build+ own$ by ! ,in/itute is ! ,collis ,p4 ,hunt+ton ,memorial ,build+1 ! new home ( ! ,academic ,dep>tm5t1 :i* is ! gift ( ,mrs4 ,hunt+ton z a memorial to h] husb&1 :o 0 "o ( ,tuskegee's /an*e/ support]s4 ,x is built ne> ! site ( ! orig9al build+1 ,port] ,hall1 :i* x displaces z ! c5t] ( ! academic "w ( ! s*ool4 ,! outside dim5sions are #ahc feet by #ajc feet4 ,x is f\r /ories 9 height4 ,besides recitation-rooms = all ! classes1 x conta9s a gymnasium 9 ! basem5t = "y wom51 & an assembly-room on ! top floor capable ( seat+ #hjj p]sons4 ,! f9i%+ is 9 yell[ p9e4 ,! build+s ( ! ,in/itute %[ a /eady progression 9 quality ( workman%ip1 mat]ials1 & ar*itectural design & effici5cy1 f ! r r\gh1 wood5 ,port] ,hall erect$ by hir$ workm5 9 #ahhb to ! /ately ,hunt+ton ,hall built by /ud5ts 9 #aijd4 ,locat$ at diff]5t po9ts on ! gr\nds & on lots deta*$ are cottages occupi$ z resid5ces by tea*]s & (fic]s ( ! ,in/itute4 ,! furni%+s = all ! build+s1 z well z ! build+s !mselves1 h be5 made by ! /ud5ts 9 ! v>i\s %ops1 :o at ! same "t 7 le>n+ trades & creat+ articles ( use4 ,! annual co/ ( conduct+ ! in/itution is1 9 r\nd numb]s1 #aej1jjj4 ,?is may seem high1 b :5 c]ta9 facts 9 reg>d to ! "w are borne 9 m9d x w n appe> exorbitant4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 !re are really ?ree s*ools at ,tuskegee--a day-s*ool1 a night-s*ool1 & a trade-s*ool4 ,su* a sy/em makes necess>y ! employm5t ( a l>g] numb] ( tea*]s ?an w\ld be ne$$ 9 a purely academic in/itution hold+ only "o session a day4 ,tea*]s 9 ! trade-s*ool1 ) special te*nical tra9+1 c be obta9$ only by pay+ !m high] sal>ies ?an are paid to ^? :o simply tea* 9 ! class-rooms4 ,secondly1 & pr9cipally1 x is exp5sive to employ /ud5t labor to d ! "w ( ! s*ool4 ,by ! "t /ud5ts become fairly pr(ici5t 9 _! trades & rea* ! po9t :]e _! s]vices beg9 to be pr(itable1 _! "t at ! in/itution has expir$1 & a new1 untra9$ set take _! places1 s t ! s*ool is con/antly work+ on new mat]ial or raw recruits4 ,!n1 too1 ,tuskegee is /ill 9 ! =mative p]iod ( its gr[? z to build+s1 lay+-out & improvem5t ( gr\nds1 & equipm5t ( its v>i\s dep>tm5ts4 ,:5 ! s*ool's ne$s 9 ^! directions %all h be5 met1 & ! ,negro p>5t %all become able to pay a l>g] %>e ( ! co/ ( educat+ 8 *ildr51 ! exp5ses to ! public ( runn+ ! s*ool may be mat]ially r$uc$4 ,money = ! support ( ! s*ool is d]iv$ pr9cipally f ! foll[+ s\rces1 viz43 ,! ,/ate ( ,alabama1 #d1ejj2 ! ,john ,f4 ,slat] ,fund1 #aj1jjj2 ! ,g5]al ,education ,bo>d1 #aj1jjj2 ! ,peabody ,fund1 #a1ejj2 ! ,in/itute's ,end[m5t ,fund1 #dj1jjj2 contributions ( p]sons & *>itable organizations1 #hd1jjj2 a total ( #aej1jjj4 ,! individual contributions are1 = ! mo/ "p1 small1 & come f p]sons ( mod]ate means4 ,yet ! in/itution annually receives "s l>ge gifts t[>d its exp5ses f ^? :o are bless$ ) weal?4 ,especial appeals are made by ! in/itution = s*ol>%ips ( #ej ea*1 9 ord] to pay ! tuition ( /ud5ts :o provide = _! o!r exp5ses !mselves l>gely by _! "w = ! s*ool1 b :o are unable to contribute any?+ t[>d ! item ( tea*+4 ,^! s*ol>%ips are n turn$ ov] to ! /ud5ts1 b are held by ! in/itution & assign$ = _! b5efit1 ! aim be+ to d no?+ = /ud5ts :i* !y c d = !mselves1 & ?us help to develop 9 !m a _s ( manly & womanly self-reliance4 ,! majority ( ! l>ge donations1 aside f ^? = end[m5t1 h be5 = build+s & ! pur*ase ( additional f>m-l&s made necess>y by ! enl>gem5t ( ! s*ool's agricultural "w4 ,:at may be reg>d$ z ! greate/ ne$ ( ! in/itution is an adequate end[m5t :i* w put x ^u a p]man5t basis & make its future c]ta94 ,a gratify+ beg9n+ 9 ! build+ up ( an end[m5t has already be5 made4 ,x is a fact1 /ill well rememb]$ by ! public1 t ,mr4 ,&rew ,c>negie has giv5 to ! end[m5t fund ! pr9cely sum ( #fjj1jjj4 ,be=e t "t #djj1jjj _h be5 collect$ f o!r s\rces = ! same purpose1 ! l>ge/ s+le contribution t[>d ?is am\nt be+ #ej1jjj f ! late ,collis ,p4 ,hunt+ton4 ,z already /at$1 ! income f ! pres5t end[m5t is #dj1jjj1 out ( :i* sev]al annuities are paid4 ,?is is only a little m ?an "o-f\r? ( ! am\nt t mu/ be _h ea* ye> to pay ! exp5ses ( ! s*ool4 ,x w require an end[m5t ( at lea/ #c1jjj1jjj to yield an income adequate to ! pres5t ne$s ( ! in/itution alone4 ,,iii ,,! ,,academic ,,aims ,,by ,,roscoe ,,conkl+ ,,bruce ,! ,negro ne$s indu/rial tra9+ 9 em95t degree1 because ! capacity = cont9u\s labor is a requisite ( civiliz$ liv+2 because1 inde$1 ! v fir/ /ep 9 social advance mu/ be economic2 because ! indu/rial monopoly ) :i* slav]y encompass$ black m5 has fall5 %att]$ be=e ! trumpet-bla/ ( :ite labor & eag] competition2 &1 f9ally1 because no in/rum5t ( moral education is m effective ^u ! mass ( mank9d ?an *e]ful & intellig5t "w4 ,^! ideas p[]fully voic$1 toge!r ) an unusually magnanim\s attitude t[>d ! :ite ,s\?1 h set ! man :o toil$ dogg$ly up f slav]y1 ^u a hill ap>t4 ,^! ?+s are di/9ctive ( ?is man2 !y sugge/ 8 temp]1 8 _s1 8 po9t ( view2 b !y d n exhau/ 8 int]e/s4 ,simil>ly1 ! di/9ctive feature ( ,tuskegee--adequate provision = indu/rial tra9+--sets x ^u a hill ap>t1 b by a :imsical p]v]sity ?is major feature is 9 "s qu>t]s assum$ to be ! :ole s*ool4 ,a mom5t's reflection %[s su* a view to be mi/ak54 ,illu/ration3 ,,roscoe ,c4 ,,bruce4 ,director ( ! ,academic ,dep>tm5t4 ,! v indu/ries at ,tuskegee presuppose a consid]able range ( academic /udy4 ,tuskegee does n graduate hoe-h&s or pl[boys4 ,agriculture is1 ( c\rse1 fundam5tal--fundam5tal 9 recognition ( ! fact t ! ,negro population is ma9ly a f>m+ population1 & ( ! tru? t some?+ mu/ be done to /em ! swell+ tide :i* ea* ye> sweeps ?\s&s ( black m5 & wom5 & *ildr5 f ! sunlit monotony ( ! plantation to ! sunless iniquity ( ! slums1 f a drudg]y t is n q *e]less to a competition t is altoge!r m]ciless4 ,b ! tea*+ ( agriculture1 ev5 9 its elem5t>y /ages1 presupposes a consid]able am\nt ( academic prep>ation4 ,to be sure1 a fl\ri%+ g>d5 may be made & manag$ by bright-ey$ tots j out ( ! k9d]g>t51 b h[ c comm]cial f]tiliz]s be c>efully analyz$ by a boy :o has made no /udy ( g5]al *emi/ry8 & h[ c a balanc$ ration be adju/$ by an illit]ate p]son8 ,simil>ly1 ! girl 9 ! laundry does n make soap by rote1 b by pr9ciple2 & ! girl 9 ! dressmak+-%op does n cut out h] patt]n by luck1 or guess1 or in/9ct1 or rule ( ?umb1 b by geometry4 ,& s ! successful tea*+ ( ! indu/ries dem&s no mean am\nt ( academic prep>ation4 ,9 ?is lies ! te*nical utility ( ,tuskegee's ,academic ,dep>tm5t4 ,!n1 too1 a public s]vice has be5 r5d]$ by ,hampton & ,tuskegee 9 %[+ t indu/rial tra9+--! sy/em 9 :i* ! /ud5t le>ns by do+ & is paid = ! commodities he produces--may be s manag$ z to educate4 ,among ! excell5cies ( indu/rial tra9+1 ,i w\ld /ate t ! sev]e comm]cial te/ 9 :i* s5tim5t plays no "p is appli$ z consi/5tly to ! /ud5t's labor z is ! =ce ( gravitation to a fall+ body4 ,"h we mu/ keep 9 m9d ! unavoidably concrete nature ( ! product1 :e!r satisfactory or n2 ! discipl9e su* tra9+ af=ds 9 organiz$ endeavor2 ! /imulus x (f]s to all ! virtues ( a drudg]y :i*1 ?\gh x repel an unusually ard5t & s5sitive temp]am5t1 yet we>s a preci\s jewel 9 its head2 & an exceptionally ke5 s5se ( responsibility1 s9ce on occasion l>ge am\nts ( money & ! e/eem ( ! s*ool at l>ge & ! lives ( a /ud5t's fell[s dep5d ^u 8 circumspection & skill4 ,su* tra9+ educates4 ,b t w\ld inde$ be a sorry program ( education :i* bl9k$ ! fact t ! /ud5t mu/ be r5d]$ responsive to ! nobl] ideals ( ! human race1 t 8 eyes mu/ be op5$ to ! imman5t values ( life4 ,if a cle> title to =ty acres & a mule repres5ts ! extreme upp] limit ( a black man's ambition1 :y call him a man8 ,if a bank-acc\nt repres5ts ! sum ( 8 happ9ess1 t happ9ess lacks humanity4 ,if y w\ld educate = life1 y mu/ ar\se spiritual int]e/s4 ,! life is m ?an meat1 & ! body ?an raim5t4 ,?r\gh hi/ory & lit]ature ! ,tuskegee /ud5t is br\ght to develop a criticism1 an appreciation ( life & ! wor?i] ends ( human /riv+4 ,to su* a discipl9e1 h[ev] elem5t>y1 ! critic w n1 ,i take x1 begrudge ! "n education4 ,& if ! read] wav]s 9 contemplat+ ! problems ( trudg+ ,negroes1 rememb] t ! type ( ,negro :o is a m5ace to ! community is he :o1 9 mom5ts ( leisure1 responds to some:at gross] inc5tives ?an ! poetry ( ,longfell[1 ! romance ( ,haw?orne1 & ! philosophy ( ,em]son4 ,i w\ld reassure y\r idealism ) ?is c\nsel ( prud5ce4 ,ano!r "q presses3 ,does ! value ( ,tuskegee lie 9 ! fact t ! s*ool equips = happy lives m]ely z _m p]sons z are subject$ to ! imm$iate play ( its influ5ces2 t its circle ( effici5cy includes only z _m z are enroll$ 9 its v>i\s c\rses8 ,to t "q e tea*] 9 ! s*ool & ! mass ( graduates & /ud5ts w\ld give an emphatic1 a decisive1 ,no6 ,! real value ( ! s*ool lies 9 ! s]vice r5d]$ to ! p ( ! communities :]e our "y folks g to live & labor4 ,n[1 "w 9 wood & iron1 h[ev] assidu\sly prosecut$1 nev] erect$ 9 any human be+'s he>t a passion = social s]vice2 a f9] mat]ial mu/ be us$1 a mat]ial f9] ?an gold4 ,& s ! plan & deep] int5t ( ,tuskegee ,in/itute are incapable ( realization )\t ! inc5tives suppli$ by hi/ory & lit]ature4 ,f9ally1 !re is a trade = :i* ! academic /udies1 supplem5t$ by specific normal in/ruction1 are ! direct prep>ation--tea*+ s*ool4 ,9 ! c5sus ye> !re 7 ov] #ba1jjj ,negro s*ool-tea*]s 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 & 9 ! decade #ahij-aijj ! ratio ( increase 0 m ?an twice z rapid z t ( ! ,negro population2 b1 nev]!less1 !re 7 9 #aijj m ?an twice z _m tea*]s 9 ! ,s\? p] #aj1jjj :ite *ildr5 z p] #aj1jjj color$4 ,b su* data c n ev5 approximately indicate ! relative am\nts ( tea*+ enjoy$ by ^! two classes ( *ildr51 = ! /ati/ical me?od c n express ! incalculable disp>ity 9 tea*+-effici5cy4 ,a fri5d ( m9e--a graduate ( ,br[n ,univ]sity--0 = sev]al ye>s a memb] ( a bo>d :i* correct$ ! exam9ation-pap]s ( ,negro c&idates = tea*]s' c]tificates 9 a c]ta9 ,s\!rn ,/ate :]e ! s*ool facilities = ! ,negro population are exceptionally good2 b he confess$ to me t repeat$ly n a pap] submitt$ des]v$ a pass+ m>k1 b ! bo>d 0 simply compell$ to grant c]tificates 9 ord] to provide tea*]s en\gh to g ar\nd4 ,nor is su* a de>? ( black p$agogues 9 ! lea/ extraord9>y4 ,! mission ( ,tuskegee ,in/itute is l>gely to supply measurably well-equipp$ tea*]s = ! s*ools--tea*]s able & eag] to tea* g>d5+ & c>p5try z well z gramm> & ari?metic1 tea*]s :o seek to organize ! social life ( _! communities ^u :olesome pr9ciples1 tactfully re/ra9+ grossness & unobtrusively pr(f]+ new & nobl] s\rces ( enjoym5t4 ,& s ! academic /udies are wr\ght into ! ess5tial s*eme ( ,tuskegee's "w4 ,let u inspect ) "s clos5ess ! organization ( ! in/itution4 ,! /ud5t-body is fundam5tally divid$ into day-/ud5ts & night-/ud5ts4 ,! night-/ud5ts "w 9 ! indu/ries1 l>gely at common labor1 all day & e day1 & g to s*ool at night1 ?us pay+ _! curr5t bo>d bills1 & accumulat+ su* cr$its at ! ,treasur]'s (fice z w lat] defray _! exp5ses 9 ! day-s*ool4 ,! day-s*ool /ud5ts are divid$ p]p5dicul>ly ?r\gh ! classes into two sections1 section ,no4 #a work+ 9 ! indu/ries e o!r day = ?ree days a week & att5d+ academic classes ! rema9+ ?ree days1 :ile ?is situation is exactly rev]s$ = section ,no4 #b4 ,?us e week-day half ( ea* day-s*ool class is 9 ! ,academic ,dep>tm5t1 :ile ! o!r half is 9 ! ,indu/rial4 ,?is arrangem5t induces a :olesome rivalry betwe5 ! /ud5ts ( ! two sections1 & effects an equal di/ribution ( ! work+ =ce & skill ov] e week-day4 ,! day-s*ool /ud5ts consi/1 !n1 ( two classes ( p]sons3 ^? :o1 z night-/ud5ts1 h accumulat$ cr$its suffici5t to pay _! way 9 ! day-s*ool1 & ^? ^: families are able to pay a consid]able "p ( _! exp5ses4 ,! e>n+s ( a /ud5t 9 ! day-s*ool c n be l>ge en\gh to pay 8 curr5t bo>d bill1 b su* a /ud5t is ord9>ily enjoy+ ! valuable advantage ( work+ at "o ( ! m skill$ trades4 ,! night-s*ool /ud5t1 p]haps1 because ( great] maturity 9 ye>s & exp]i5ce1 may be reli$ ^u to apply himself ) ! utmo/ dilig5ce to 8 academic /udies2 s1 9 mu* less ?an half ! "t-allotm5t1 he advances 9 8 academic /udies ab\t half z fa/ z ! day-s*ool /ud5t4 ,?is s*$ule did n spr+ full-fl$g$ f ! see?+ bra9 ( any !ori/2 x is no fatu\s imitation ( ! educational practise ( "s remote & presumptively dissimil> in/itution2 x has1 s to say1 elaborat$ itself 9 adju/m5t to ! actual ne$s ( ! p>ticul> situation4 ,?is provision boa/s n ( novelty1 b ( utility2 ?\gh n ideal1 x is practicable4 ,b ! c5tral fact is t ?is ,tuskegee ,plan1 :ile cle>ly secur+ ample "t = ! tea*+ ( ! indu/ries1 makes possible no mean am\nt ( academic /udy4 ,9 ord] m cle>ly to exhibit ! gr\nds ( ?is proposition1 ,i %all ref] 9 "s slight detail to ! c\rse ( /udy 9 ,engli% & 9 ,ma!matics4 ,ma!matics repres5ts ! gr\p ( academic /udies :i* possess direct te*nical value = ! indu/ries2 moreov]1 x is a pretty good index ( ! grades compreh5d$ 9 ! ,academic ,dep>tm5t4 ,9 ! l[e/ class 9 ! day-s*ool--!re is "o l[] 9 ! night-s*ool--! ari?metical tables are ma/]$1 & fractions introduc$ & develop$ ) ! use ( liquid1 dry1 surface1 & "t measures2 :]eas 9 ! ,s5ior class algebra is /udi$ ?r\gh quadratics & plane geometry ?r\gh ! area ( polygons4 ,t is to say1 ! l[e/ day-s*ool class is ab\t equival5t to a f\r? grade 9 ! ,nor?1 & ! ,s5ior to ! fir/ or ! second ye> 7b>r+ ! =eign languages7 9 a ,nor!rn high s*ool4 ,illu/ration3 ,a ,,portion ,,( ,,! ,,s*ool ,,gr\nds4 ,despite a mu* small] "t-allotm5t1 our /ud5ts1 r\ghly speak+1 keep pace ) ,nor!rn /ud5ts because !y are old] & some:at m s]i\s1 because ! c\rse is %ort5$ by ! elim9ation ( uselessly p]plex+ topics 9 ari?metic l comp\nd proportion & cube root1 b *iefly because ! utility ( ma!matics is made vivid1 & vigor\s int]e/ ar\s$ by its imm$iate application 9 class-room & %op to problems aris+ 9 ! indu/ries4 ,our /ud5ts are n /uff$ l sausages ) rules & def9itions1 ma!matical or o!r2 !y asc5d to g5]al pr9ciples ?r\gh ! analysis ( concrete cases4 ,engli% s]ves to repres5t ! gr\p ( /udies t ex]t a lib]aliz+ influ5ce ^u ! /ud5t1 t possess a cultural r ?an a te*nical value4 ,f oral lessons 9 language 9 ! l[] classes1 ! /ud5ts advance to a modicum ( te*nical gramm> 9 ! middle ( ! c\rse1 & h5ce to ! rhetoric ( ! ,s5ior ye>4 ,moreov]1 an unusually l>ge am\nt ( writt5 composition is insi/$ ^u1 ! compositions be+ us$ n m]ely to discipl9e ! /ud5t 9 *a/e feel+1 consecutive ?9k+1 & effici5t expression1 b also to %>p5 8 p[]s ( obs]vation & to /imulate him to pick out ( 8 daily exp]i5ce ! elem5ts t are significant4 ,s*ool read]s are us$ 9 ! l[] classes because ! read]s pres5t economically & compactly a :ole gamut ( lit]>y /yles & =ms4 ,^! read]s are importantly supplem5t$ & gradually sup]s$$ by c]ta9 classics appropriate to ! grades4 ,! classic1 :e!r ,rob9son ,crusoe1 or ,ivanhoe1 ,rip ,van ,w9kle1 ! ,h\se ( ,sev5 ,gables1 or ,! ,m]*ant ( ,v5ice1 pres5ts an arti/ic :ole1 & p]mits ! /ud5ts to acquire "s s5se ( lit]>y /ructure4 ,! dom9ant motive 9 lit]>y in/ruction is1 p]haps1 e/hetic1 b ,i am conv9c$ t ! e?ical influ5ce ( ?is in/ruction at ,tuskegee is pr(\nd & abid+4 ,h[ev] lib]al ! provisions ( ! academic curriculum1 ! value ( ! dep>tm5t is f9ally det]m9$ by ! devotion & ability ( ! tea*]s4 ,univ]sities & normal s*ools1 & ! season$ /affs ( public-s*ool sy/ems--f ^! s\rces1 :e!r 9 ,massa*usetts1 ,cali=nia1 or ,t5nessee1 ,pr9cipal ,wa%+ton has ga!r$ a =ce ( academic tea*]s ( r>e ability & devotion4 ,em95t = p]sonality r ?an = me?od1 ^! tea*]s are no tyros 9 me?od4 ,9 su* h&s ! excell5t features ( ! curriculum are rais$ to ! ,n-? p[]4 ,f9ally1 academic & indu/rial tea*]s are animat$ ) a s5tim5t ( solid>ity1 ) an esprit de corps1 :i* solves _m a problem ( conflict+ duty & jurisdiction1 & :i* mu/ impress ! /ud5t ) ! ess5tial unity ( ,tuskegee's endeavor to equip m5 & wom5 = life4 ,! crude1 /umbl+1 sightless plantation-boy :o lives 9 ! environm5t ( ,tuskegee = ?ree or f\r ye>s1 dep>ts ) an address1 an al]tness1 a res\rcefulness1 & above all a _s ( s]vice1 t ann\nce ! educat$ man4 ,illu/ration3 ,,ano!r ,,portion ,,( ,,! ,,s*ool ,,gr\nds4 ,,iv ,,:at ,,girls ,,are ,,taught1 ,,& ,,h[ ,,by ,,mrs4 ,,book] ,t4 ,,wa%+ton ,we wants our baby gal1 ,m>y ,l\1 to come up to ,tuskegee to git eddicat$ & le>n seam/ress2 kase we doesn't want h] to "w lak we is1 says ! f>m]4 ,i wi% to help y plant ?is new indu/ry1 broom-mak+1 writes ,miss ,susan ,b4 ,an?ony1 because y are try+ s e>ne/ly to tea* y\r girls o!r means ( livelihood besides sew+1 h\sework1 & cook+4 ,?is is ! problem we h be5 try+ to solve at ,tuskegee = ov] tw5ty ye>s3 ,:at h&iwork c we give our girls ) _! academic tra9+ t w bett] fit !m to meet ! dem& = skill$ tea*]s 9 ! v>i\s av5ues ( ! indu/rial & academic _w n[ op5+ s rapidly to wom58 ,illu/ration3 ,,mrs4 ,,book] ,t4 ,,wa%+ton4 ,director ( ,indu/ries = ,girls4 ,le>n+ to sew1 ) ! ultimate end ( becom+ a full-fl$g$ dressmak]1 has be5 ! height ( ambition ) ! major "p ( our girls :5 br\ght to ! in/itution by _! horny-h&$ fa!rs & mo!rs fre% f ! soil ( ,alabama1 ,georgia1 ,t5nessee1 or ,florida4 ,aft] ! la/ gripless h&-%ake1 ) ! tremul\s1 ,take c>e ( y\rself1 honey1 ! h>d-work+ fa!r & "m h turn$ _! faces homew>d1 visibly affect$ by ! sep>ation1 b resolv$ to %\ld] ! sacrifice ( ! daught]'s mu*-ne$$ help on ! plantation1 :i* (t5times is all t !y are able to contribute t[>d h] education4 ,n infrequ5tly ! girl has begun 9 ! l[e/ class 9 night-s*ool4 ,h] p>5ts s5d h] articles ( clo?+ n[ & !n on ,*ri/mas2 b ! l>ge/ contributions to h] w>drobe come f ! boxes & b>rels s5t to ! in/itution by ,nor!rn fri5ds4 ,%e has rema9$ 9 s*ool dur+ ! summ] vacation1 & )9 two ye>s has ent]$ day-s*ool ) en\gh to h] cr$it to f9i% h] education4 ,:5 ! happy p>5ts return to see _! daught] graduat$1 aft] six or sev5 long ye>s1 _! faces are radiant because ( _! realiz$ hopes4 ,:5 !y see _! :ite-rob$ daught] trans=m$ f ! girl !y br\ght "h clad 9 ! homespun ( ! old days1 & receiv+ h] c]tificate1 ! te>s come un*eck$1 & ! mov+ lips no d\bt =m a :isp]$ pray]4 ,9 a rec5t class !re 0 graduat$ a "y woman ( tw5ty-five4 ,%e came to ! s*ool 9 h] eighte5? ye> f ! p9ey woods ( ,alabama4 ,%e ent]$ ! l[e/ prep>atory class 9 night-s*ool & 0 assign$ to "w 9 ! laundry4 ,%e 0 e>ne/ & fai?ful 9 "w & /udy4 ,%e pass$ on f class to class1 rema9+ at s*ool to "w dur+ ! vacation4 ,aft] two ye>s 9 ! laundry %e 0 giv5 an opportunity to le>n pla9 sew+ 9 t division4 ,%e 0 promot$ to ! ,dressmak+ ,division at ! end ( ! ye>1 & receiv$ h] c]tificate at ! close ( two ye>s1 aft] work+ e day & att5d+ night-s*ool4 ,%e sp5t ! la/ two ye>s ( h] s*ool life 9 ! ,mill9]y ,division1 & receiv$ h] c]tificate f t division ) "o f ! ,academic ,dep>tm5t on h] graduation4 ,dur+ ^! two ye>s %e taught ! sew+-classes 9 ! night-s*ool ( ! t[n ( ,tuskegee4 ,at ! outset %e b\ght ! mat]ials us$ ) #a1 left ov] f ! sales ( ! previ\s ye>4 ,f ?is small ne/-egg z a />t]1 sev5te5 girls 7 suppli$ ) "w4 ,b s effici5t & frugal 0 ! "y tea*] t %e sold articles1 b\ght supplies = h] class1 & end$ ! ye> ) #c4de 9 ! treasury4 ,?is is j a leaf f ! hi/ory ( "o girl4 ,( ! #ebj girls ent]+ ! in/itution dur+ ?is ye> 7#aijc-'jd71 #deh h rema9$ = ! full s*ola/ic ye>4 ,ab\t #ej p] c5t came f c\ntry di/ricts all ov] ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,a l>ge majority ( !m ask$ to ent] ! ,dressmak+ ,division to le>n t trade2 b1 aft] ! field ( indu/ries 0 op5$ to _! view1 !y 7 scatt]$ ab\t 9 ! diff]5t divisions1 a v l>ge p] c5t /ill lean+ to ! side ( dressmak+ & mill9]y4 ,tak+ into acc\nt ! numb] ( girls work+ _! way ?r\gh at _! trades by day & att5d+ night-s*ool1 !y 7 di/ribut$ z foll[s3 ,horticulture1 #d2 tra9+-kit*51 #ac2 h\sekeep+1 #ch2 d9+-room1 #bi2 hospital1 #bj2 kit*5-g>d5+1 #h2 p\ltry-rais+1 #g2 tailor+1 #ad2 dairy+1 #aj2 pr9t+1 #f2 broom-mak+1 #bf2 mattress-mak+1 #ah2 uphol/]+1 #ah2 laund]+1 #ed2 pla9 sew+1 #gb2 mill9]y1 #ea2 dressmak+1 #fi4 ,all ! girls 7 requir$ to take cook+ twice a week & #bji ( ! girls 9 ! normal classes took basketry4 ,z ! trades 7 ! great attraction 9 ! s*ool curriculum1 x 0 deem$ necess>y to sep>ate ! s*ool into two divisions1 t /ud5ts might h an opportunity to receive in/ruction equally 9 ! ,academic & ,indu/rial ,dep>tm5ts4 ,?is ye> ?is s*eme work$ successfully by an arrangem5t t plac$ "o division 9 ! ,academic ,dep>tm5t on ,mondays1 ,w$nesdays1 & ,fridays1 :ile ! o!r 0 at "w1 & ! o!r division 9 ! ,trades ,dep>tm5t on ,?ursdays1 ,fridays1 & ,saturdays1 :ile ! o!r 0 9 s*ool1 & s on regul>ly4 ,girl life at ,tuskegee is /r5u\s4 ,?\gh /udy & "w are con/antly to ! =e1 "* is effectively develop$ ) bra9 & muscle1 & ! well-e>n$ recreation-h\r comes j frequ5tly en\gh to l5d ! highe/ s\rce ( pleasure4 ,?\gh ! girl usually comes ) a hazy conception ( :at ! days 9 s*ool w really mean = ! rip5+ ( ^? p[]s t %e e>ne/ly int5ds to use = ! be/ developm5t ( h]self1 !re is always a _s ( le>n+1 t %e may be ( s]vice to o!rs4 ,t is :at c\nts 9 ! s*ool-days ( ! av]age girl 9 h] /ruggle = m light4 ,! girl1 com+ a /rang] f h] home 9 ! city or c\ntry1 is lo/ 9 a cr[d ( girls new to dormitory life4 ,new surr\nd+s & new conditions are ev]y:]e4 ,new emotions1 new purposes1 new resolutions *ase "o ano!r 9 h] ?\ghts1 & %e becomes a /rang] to h]self only to f9d h] be>+s fir/ 9 h] own room4 ,"h ,ma9e & ,cali=nia1 f>-away ,wa%+ton & ,c5tral ,am]ica1 meet on common gr\nd4 ,alabama & ,georgia alone feel k9%ip f geographical prop9quity4 ,b$s1 "o d\ble & "o s+le1 *airs1 a table1 mirror1 bookcase1 w>drobe1 wa%-/&1 & scre51 all manufactur$ on ! gr\nds1 compose ! simple furniture ( ! room4 ,b a few pictures1 a /rip ( c>pet be=e ea* b$1 a bright table-cov]+1 soon give ! room ! appe>ance ( home1 & ! untri$ life has begun4 ,! duty-li/ assigns to ea* girl h] "w1 & p]haps ! fir/ lessons 9 ord] & sy/em w be fairly in/itut$4 ,h[ _m & v>i$ are ! associations t clu/] ab\t ! life ( ! girl 9 h] room1 t refuge f a day ( disc\ragem5t 9 s*oolroom or work%op1 & a hav5 ( peace dur+ ! quiet h\rs ( ! ,sabba?6 ,roommate meets roommate1 quick to res5t & z quick to =give--& ! petty /rife & envy suppress$ at bir? only s]ve to discipl9e !m = ! com+ days4 ,up ) ! ris+ bell at five1 ! duties ( ! room are almo/ f9i%$ :5 ! girl leaves h] b$s to air :ile %e takes h] six o'clock breakfa/4 ,social am5ities1 ! niceties ( table-tra9+1 & ! tricks ( spee* t betray ! sectional bir?right1 proclaim to ! ev]-obs]vant table-mates ! /atus ( ea* newcom]1 & %e rises or falls 9 e/imation j s f> z h] metal r+s true4 ,?us ano!r elem5t ent]s into h] life1 "o t w prove a pot5t =ce 9 balanc+ "*2 = ! frankly express$ criticisms ( s*oolmates play no small "p 9 ! developm5t ( /ud5ts4 ,if a girl be "o ( ! =ty-five waitresses on ! eighty-n9e tables ( ! d9+-room1 %e eats h] breakfa/ z ! o!r /ud5ts m>* out1 !n f9i%es h] room-duties & is ready = "w at t5 m9utes ( sev5 :]ev] %e happ5s to be assign$4 ,if %e is a di%wa%]1 %e does t "w1 waits = inspection ( ! table t %e has set1 f9i%es h] room-duty1 & is admitt$ into h] "w division at half pa/ sev54 ,g>d5+ & gre5h\se "w are becom+ s attractive ?r\gh ! ,nature-,/udy classes ( ! ,academic ,dep>tm5t t !re are con/ant applications = transf]s f ! sew+ divisions to ?is outside "w4 ,equipp$ 9 an ov]all g+ham apron & sunbonnet ( ! same mat]ial1 ! girl beg9s h] duties1 & no pr\d] girl c be f\nd ?an %e :o takes h] fir/ basket ( e>ly spr+ vegetables to ! ,tea*]s' ,home4 ,if ! day is to be sp5t ) ! :ole agricultural =ce ( girls pick+ /rawb]ries = ! tables ( ! ,bo>d+ ,dep>tm5t & ! local m>ket1 ! /age takes ! gr\p out to ! pat* two miles back on ! f>m--& t is happ9ess unalloy$ = ! s*oolgirl4 ,:5 %e correlates h] out+ ) h] s*ool "w on ! day foll[+1 !re is se5 nature at fir/-h& 9 ! class-room4 ,if o!r classmates h be5 work+ 9 ! ,pla9-,sew+ ,division turn+ out cotton und]we> & pla9 articles ( clo?+ to supply ! dem& ( ! ,salesroom ( ! in/itution1 ! lesson 9 ,engli% has a natural1 practical be>+1 aris+ f ! fact t "o h\r has be5 sp5t ) ! !ory class ( ! workroom /udy+ ! w>p & wo( ( ! mat]ials us$1 p]haps ! six? or sev5? lesson 9 a s]ies on cotton1 introduc$ to ! class fir/ 9 its native hea?4 ,correlation comes 9 :]ev] x may1 & ! association ( ideas obta9$ 9 class-room & workroom is closely jo9$4 ,! l>ge class ( ! ,dressmak+ ,division1 sp5d+ ! day f sev5 until half pa/ five mak+ ! blue uni=m dresses1 fill+ ord]s = tailor-made dresses 9 silk & clo?1 measur+1 draft+1 cutt+1 & fitt+1 has _m a repres5tative 9 ! s*oolroom ! succe$+ day2 & /ill m is ! lesson v>i$ by ! practical illu/rations 9 ,ma!matics or ! recital ( ! exp]i5ces ( ! day 9 ! ,engli% classes4 ,! girl 9 ! mill9]y "w1 %ap+ =ms1 trimm+ hats1 bl5d+ colors1 draw+ designs1 /udy+ textiles & fabrics = analysis 9 h] !ory classes twice dur+ h] ?ree days ( "w1 f9ds add$ inspiration = h] ?ree days ( class-room /udy4 ,if %e is 9 ! ,s5ior class1 %e specializes 9 geometry on h] s*ool-days & me*anical draw+ on h] "w-days4 ,:5 our girl has f9i%$ h] c\rse 9 draw+ & beg9s "o ( ! uni=m hats worn by ! hundr$s ( girls1 %e ranks among ! fir/ mill9]s ( ! l& 9 ! e/imation ( ! beg9n]s4 ,%e completes hat aft] hat1 drapes !m until ! numb] meets ! requirem5t1 & !n comes h] own creation1 a patt]n hat1 und]siz$ ( c\rse1 b a real dress hat & a ?+ ( beauty4 ,x usually f9ds its way to ! old home = h] "m & neighbors to admire4 ,! comm5dation t comes back to ! s*ool is wor? its weight 9 gold4 ,illu/ration3 ,a ,,class ,,9 ,,mill9]y4 ,b !re are backw>d le>n]s4 ,"s !re are :o excel 9 embroid]y1 cro*et+1 mak+ ties & o!r fancy articles1 b :o h no aptitude = %ap+ & trimm+ hats4 ,!y plod on1 & w9 at la/4 ,!n !re is ! girl ^: p>5ts wi% h] to op5 a mill9]y e/abli%m5t 9 _! t[n4 ,%e tries1 b f9ally agrees ) h] long-suff]+ in/ructor t %e w\ld succe$ at mattress-mak+ & uphol/]+ in/ead4 ,! "w 9 ! ,mattress ,division beg9s ) %eet1 pill[-case1 table-l951 & com=t]-mak+ = ! endless dem&s ( ! lodg+ division ( ! boys & girls4 ,pull+ %ucks = ! mattress is ! next /ep 9 advance1 & :5 %ucks are cov]$ by ! cotton lay]s 9 ! mak+1 !y prove an excell5t sub/itute = ! hair fill+ ( a m exp5sive manufacture1 & !y h an advantage 9 ! matt] ( cleanl9ess4 ,cov]+ scre5 frames made 9 ! ,c>p5try ,division = ! num]\s rooms1 can+ c\*es1 rock]s1 & /ools1 help add to ! v>iety ( "w 9 ! division4 ,! girl is n aw>d$ h] c]tificate until %e has complet$ ! r\nd ( "w1 includ+ ! fa%ion+ ( a b$room suite f b>rels f9ally cov]$ ) neat-figur$ d5im4 ,! semiweekly !ory classes are n unlike ^? ( ! pla9-sew+ division1 & ! girl is z pr\d ( h] a*ievem5t ) ne$le1 hamm]1 & saw z if %e 7 an adept 9 light] "w4 ,:5 ! ma*9]y 0 introduc$ = ,broom-mak+1 ! girls look$ askance at ! appliances4 ,b :5 ! broom-corn 0 deliv]$ f ! f>m1 & ! pione] girl broom-mak] began ?re%+ ( ! se$ 9 ! clean]1 an int]e/ 0 ev9c$ t has increas$ ) ! k t ! "w1 /udy1 or manufacture 7call x :at y w7 is v productive1 especially 9 ! conf9es ( ! girls' broom-factory at ,tuskegee ,in/itute4 ,! p\ltry-y>d b\ght ! se$s ?re%$ (f ! broom-/alks2 ! hundr$s ( old h&les collect$ co/ no?+1 & :5 ! wir+1 /it*+1 & clipp+ 7 f9i%$ & ! girl saw ! fir/ broom turn$ out1 !re 0 triumph 9 ! fact t ! indu/ry 0 ! mo/ inexp5sive & /ill ! mo/ productive ( cr$it ( all ! girls' indu/ries "u ! ro( ( ,doro?y ,hall4 ,! evolution f ! flag-/raw broom us$ 9 cab9s ( ! ,s\? to ! ones n[ complet$ & label$1 creates ! s5sation ( ! girl-_w 9 ! trades s*ool4 ,! wond]s br\ght out 9 ! !ory class 9 connection ) broom-mak+ 7 m>vel\s4 ,broom-mak+ has come to rema9 ) our o!r girls' indu/ries4 ,"w 9 ! ,laundry pres5ts ano!r aspect to ! onlook]1 & he d\btless decides on ! spur ( ! mom5t t all is drudg]y "h4 ,girls are !n assort+ c\ntless pieces receiv$ on ,mondays f /ud5ts & tea*]s4 ,!y are plac+ ! assort$ articles 9 cages 9 ! basem5t4 ,two boys are fill+ ?ree wa%]s ) b$-l951 & 9 ano!r ap>tm5t two girls are weigh+ & measur+ mat]ials to make m soap to add to ! boxes /&+ 9 ! soap-room4 ,girls up-/airs 9 ! wa%-room are busy rubb+ at ! tubs4 ,"s girls are />*+1 & o!rs are s5d+ baskets d[n on ! elevator = girls bel[ to hang 9 ! dry+-room4 ,o!rs are 9 ! assort+-room putt+ away clo!s-bags into num]\s boxes4 ,! iron+-room f>!r on is fill$ ) busy work]s4 ,days come dur+ e week :5 "t is sp5t 9 ! /udy ( laundry *emi/ry4 ,ru/ & mildew /a9s & scor*+ are "s ( ! problems ( ! ,laundry1 & !y f9d solution4 ,soap1 />*1 wat]1 & blu+ h _! composite qualities & are analyz$1 & no m int]e/+ correlation is !re ?an t ( ! laundry ) ! class-room4 ,al?\gh ea* ,tuskegee girl is expect$ to become pr(ici5t 9 "o trade at lea/1 all are requir$ to att5d ! cook+ classes4 ,girls belong+ to c]ta9 classes are scatt]$ 9 ! v>i\s divisions1 ea* busily engag$ at h] *os5 trade4 ,at ! r++ ( ! bells 9 ea* division at /at$ h\rs1 classes =m & pass to ! tra9+-kit*5 = _! lesson 9 cook+4 ,bo? night-s*ool & day-s*ool girls report e day until e girl has receiv$ h] lesson weekly4 ,! normal classes h !ory & practise "o h\r ea*1 ! prep>atory girls "o h\r weekly = _! trades4 ,?is is true also ( girls 9 ! normal classes4 ,!y sp5d "o h\r 9 basketry /udy1 mak+ 9 all ?ree h\rs away f _! individual trades ea* week4 ,!ory is comb9$ ) practise1 & _m a fanciful ?\ght is wov5 9 ) ! re$ & raffia ( ! ,indian baskets1 ,african purses1 belts1 & p9e-ne$le "w-baskets4 ,! %uck hats & foot-mats are s =eign 9 design t "o (t5 wond]s h[ x 7 possible to utilize ! same mat]ial 9 s widely diff]5t purposes4 ,b our girl is progressive1 & n a few in/ances h occurr$ :5 "o has be5 in=m$ ( ! pres5ce ( a ,tuskegee /ud5t 9 a remote c\ntry di/rict1 by ! inevitable %uck hat prettily design$ & worn by an utt] /rang]4 ,s remun]ative has be5 ! "w t _m h e>n$ money en\gh f ! sales ( ^! hats to pur*ase books = ! s*ool ye> & pay _! entrance fees4 ,few girls "w at typesett+4 ,^? le>n+ ! trade are 9 ! ,boys' ,trades ,build+4 ,! same is true ( ! girl tailors1 :o are z capable work]s 9 ! trade z ! boys4 ,! majority ( ^! girls are 9 night-s*ool1 & ( late ye>s h n e>n$ mu* = _! "w4 ,9 =m] ye>s ! great] body ( ! /ud5ts 7 work+ _! way ?r\gh s*ool1 & by _! labor w\ld e>n en\gh to complete _! education 9 ! ,academic ,dep>tm5t & ! ,indu/rial z well4 ,la/ ye> ! pay s*$ule 0 r$uc$1 & _m appeals = assi/ance came f ^? battl+ _! way ?r\gh4 ,a "y girl ^: mon?ly /atem5t w>n$ h] t %e ow$ ! s*ool #ae1 at ! end ( ! s*ool ye> wrote ! foll[+3 ,,de> ,,mrs4 ,,wa%+ton3 ,i write to in=m y ( ! enorm\s sum t ,i owe on my bo>d bill4 ,i am n satisfi$1 because ,i want to e>n some?+ 9 life1 b x seems t means & opportunity w n p]mit me4 ,i c't help f cry+ :5 ,i ?9k h[ anxi\s & will+ my p are to help me to be some?+1 & yet !y are unable to help me4 ,my "m has /ruggl$ to br+ up eight ( u1 & n[ is to ! po9t :]e %e c give me no m help1 & t leaves me alone to be some?+ by myself4 ,i am anxi\s to ent] day-s*ool s ,i may f9i% my c\rse ( /udy & my trade1 & at la/ let my "m see me a good1 noble woman1 :o w take c>e ( h]4 ,i w ?ank y v mu* = y\r k9dness1 if y w look into my bo>d bill & help me z soon1 & z mu*1 z possible4 ,y\rs gratefully4 ,z ! day girls h put 9 s _m h\rs ( "w rec5tly "u ! new sy/em1 x elim9ates ! necessity ( s _m night-s*ool girls be+ paid = _! "w4 ,x is to ! int]e/ ( ! s*ool & its day-/ud5ts t few] "w _! way ?r\gh s*ool1 & ! "t has come to tea* ?is fact4 ,! boy or girl = a "t w /agg] 9 ! attempt to ga9 education1 b w be all ! m able1 lat]1 to rea* ! desir$ goal4 ,all girls are taught h\sekeep+ incid5tally 9 ! c>e ( _! rooms2 b ! numb] assign$ to ! regul> division ye>ly are in/ruct$ 9 all bran*es ( home indu/ry4 ,! c\rse cov]+ two ye>s is mapp$ out ?or\ghly1 & :5 ! girls rea* ! ,s5ior class1 all h _! turn at h\sekeep+ 9 ! ,practise ,cottage ( f\r rooms4 ,no girl is graduat$ f ! s*ool )\t ! f9i%+ t\* ( ! little home4 ,m>ket+1 ! plann+ ( meals1 table-sett+1 ! c>e ( table- & b$-l951 du/+1 sweep+1 & ev]y?+ else p]ta9+ to a well-kept h\se1 are taught by ! tea*] 9 dome/ic sci5ce :o is 9 *>ge ( ! tra9+-kit*5 :]e ! s5ior girls receiv$ _! fir/ lessons 9 cook]y4 ,! "y h\sekeep]s h rea*$ ! /age ( effici5cy :5 !y may prep>e a meal = a di/+ui%$ gue/4 ,a r$-lett] day 9 ! hi/ory ( ! cottage came :5 a w>m-he>t$ & mu*-belov$ tru/ee ( ! in/itution express$ a wi% to d9e ) ! girls dur+ "o ( 8 visits to ! in/itution4 ,! fl[]s t grac$ ! small table on ?is day 7 br\ght by ! di/+ui%$ visitor1 :o came f a /roll 9 ! p9ey woods4 ,! girls1 appreh5sive ( _! success 9 prep>+ ! d9n] = "o ) s cultur$ a palate1 felt visibly reliev$ on ! disappe>ance ( ! roa/1 ! vegetables1 & ! dess]t4 ,! corn bread 0 vot$ ! be/ ev] eat51 & ! d9n]1 z a :ole1 a delici\s prep>ation4 ,if ev]1 9 ! ye>s to come1 any ( ! f\r =gets ! k9dly he>t t made all =get /ation or condition1 ! "r h& w =get its cunn+4 ,days pass all too quickly 9 "w & /udy4 ,aft] ! supp] at six1 ! girls 9 ! normal classes g to _! rooms or ! ,c>negie ,libr>y = /udy1 ! girls 9 ! prep>atory classes g to ! /udy-h\r1 & ^? :o h be5 work+ at ! trades dur+ ! day sp5d two h\rs 9 night-s*ool cov]+ half z mu* gr\nd z ^? 9 day-s*ool1 & consequ5tly sp5d a long] p]iod 9 s*ool4 ,at ! r++ ( ! bell at half pa/ eight all ! girls =m 9 l9e to pass to ! ,*apel = pray]s4 ,s*ool & "w ov] = ! day1 e girl seems to lose h] p]sonality 9 h] blue braid$ uni=m1 ) h] r$ tie & turnov] on week-day ev5+s at ,*apel1 & h] :ite ribbon on ,sundays :5 %e passes ! plat=m z %e m>*es by out ( ! ,*apel to h] room4 ,h] c>riage at lea/ id5tifies h] class-/&+1 & "o may easily note ! diff]5ce 9 ! mann] ( h] :o has newly arriv$ & ano!r :o has be5 9 s*ool ) ! advantages ( sev]al ye>s4 ,friday aft]noons m>k an h\r = lectures1 girls' clubs1 & circle ent]ta9m5ts4 ,saturday ev5+s are sp5t optionally4 ,"t = class gymna/ics or sew+ or swimm+ is always sp5t pleasantly on s*$ule "t dur+ ! week4 ,our girl att5ds ! ,*ri/ian ,endeavor ,sunday morn+s at n9e1 ,*apel at elev51 ,sunday-s*ool at "o1 &1 aft] d9n] is out ( ! way1 sp5ds ! en=c$ quiet h\r 9 h] room f ?ree until f\r o'clock read+4 ,! b& conc]t on ! lawn calls all to li/51 "s walk+1 "s sitt+ on ! seats on ! gre51 b all pres5t+ a picturesque appe>ance 9 ! blue skirts & :ite wai/s ( ! spr+ season4 ,?us ! days & weeks pass1 m+l$ ) ! sorr[s & joys ( s*ool-life1 its enc\ragem5ts & disappo9tm5ts4 ,! mon?s & seasons come & g1 &1 be=e "o is sc>cely aw>e ( ! fact1 ! ,comm5cem5t ,week is "h & ! hundr$s ( "y p ^: lives h come 9 t\* ) "o ano!r pass on to _! homes4 ,"s g out z helpful work]s1 giv+ useful s]vice to o!rs2 _m w return to complete ! c\rse begun1 b all1 we hope1 w give out ! light t w n fail4 ,"s are work]s ) t5 tal5ts1 "s ) five1 "s ) "o2 b all1 we tru/1 w be us+ !m = ! upbuild+ ( ! k+dom "h on e>?4 ,v ,,hampton ,,in/itute',s ,,relation ,,to ,,tuskegee ,,by ,,rob]t ,r4 ,,moton ,9 8 eloqu5t address 9 ,may1 #aijc1 at ! memorial s]vices ( ,g5]al ,samuel ,*apman ,arm/rong1 ,f\nd]1 & = tw5ty-five ye>s ,pr9cipal1 ( ,hampton ,in/itute1 ,dr4 ,book] ,t4 ,wa%+ton said3 ,a few nights ago1 :ile ,i 0 driv+ ?r\gh ! woods 9 ,alabama1 ,i disc]n$ 9 ! di/ance a l>ge1 bright fire4 ,driv+ to x1 ,i soon f\nd out t by ! gl[ ( ?is fire sev]al busy h&s 7 build+ a nice frame cottage1 to replace a log cab9 t _h be5 ! abode ( ! family = a qu>t] ( a c5tury4 ,t fire 0 light$ by ,g5]al ,arm/rong ye>s ago4 ,:at does x matt] t x 0 tw5ty-five ye>s pass+ ?r\gh ,hampton to ,tuskegee & ?r\gh ! ,tuskegee ,conf]5ce to t lonely spot 9 ^? lonely woods6 ,x 0 do+ its "w v effectually all ! same1 & w cont9ue to d x ?r\gh ! ye>s to come4 ,! relations exi/+ betwe5 ,tuskegee ,in/itute & ,hampton ,in/itute are mu* l ^? exi/+ betwe5 a son & ! fa!r :o has wat*$ ! gr[? & developm5t ( 8 *ild ?r\gh ! =mative transition p]iods ( 8 y\?1 & looks ) pride ^u him z he /&s =? 9 ! full bloom ( manhood1 enum]at+ successes already a*iev$1 ) l>ge promise ( great] & m f>-rea*+ a*ievem5ts = ! imm$iate future4 ,! *ild nev] rea*es ! po9t :]e he does n seek ! approval & bless+ ( ! p>5t1 or :]e he refuses to accept advice & assi/ance if ne$$4 ,9 ! e>ly days ( ,tuskegee ,mr4 ,wa%+ton turn$ naturally & prop]ly to ,hampton = any?+ t 0 ne$$1 z he s beautifully & repeat$ly te/ifies 9 8 autobiography1 ,up f ,slav]y4 ,= a long "t ! m5 & wom5 :o help$ him 7 f ,hampton1 m ?an fifty su* hav+ be5 !re4 ,:ile !re is a l>ge numb] ( ,hampton graduates 9 ! ,indu/rial ,dep>tm5ts ( ,tuskegee1 ! tea*+ =ce1 especially 9 ! ,academic ,dep>tm5t1 repres5ts a doz5 or m ( ! be/ colleges & univ]sities 9 ?is c\ntry4 ,! same may be said ( ,hampton4 ,up to ab\t eight or t5 ye>s ago we at ,hampton spoke ( ,tuskegee z a small ,hampton1 b small no long] describes ,tuskegee1 & ,i d\bt s]i\sly if l>ge ,hampton w\ld be altoge!r prop]4 ,:ile ,tuskegee 0 f\nd$ on ! ,hampton plan1 & has consi/5tly foll[$ t plan z f> z possible1 & :ile ^! two great ,indu/rial ,univ]sities are v mu* alike 9 _s & purpose1 !y are1 on ! o!r h&1 v dissimil> 9 ext]nal appe>ance z well z 9 int]nal conduct4 ,ea* s5ds out into ! b5ight$ di/ricts ( ! ,s\?1 & ,hampton also into ! ,indian c\ntry ( ! ,we/1 hundr$s ( m5 & wom5 :o are liv+ influ5ces ( civilization & ,*ri/ianity 9 _! deepe/ & mo/ f>-rea*+ s5se1 add+ mu* to ! solution ( ! p]plex+ que/ions ) :i* ! nation has to deal4 ,! conditions surr\nd+ ! two s*ools h necessitat$ c]ta9 diff]5ces 9 _! evolution4 ,! p]sonnel ( ! two in/itutions is diff]5t4 ,hampton has always be5 gov]n$ & controll$ by :ite p1 & its tea*]s h come f ! be/ families ( ! ,nor?4 ,tuskegee 0 f\nd$ by a ,negro1 & its tea*]s & (fic]s h come f ! be/ types ( ! ,am]ican ,negro & f ! be/ s*ools op5$ to !m4 ,hampton deals ) a diff]5t class ( /ud5t mat]ial1 includ+ ! ,indian1 :o is almo/ z diff]5t 9 traits & *>act]i/ics f ! ,negro z he is 9 feature & orig94 ,^! are1 9 a s5se1 ext]nal diff]5ces :i* mu/ ( necessity affect ! "* & int]nal ma*9]y ( ! two in/itutions4 ,?is is no reflection ^u ei!r s*ool1 = ea* is unique & complete 9 its way1 & any m>k$ e?nic *ange 9 ! managem5t ( ei!r w\ld be un=tunate4 ,hampton is a magnific5t illu/ration ( ,anglo-,saxon ideas 9 mod]n education4 ,tuskegee1 on ! o!r h&1 is ! be/ demon/ration ( ,negro a*ievem5t along di/9ctly altrui/ic l9es4 ,9 its successful "w = ! elevation & civilization ( ! *ildr5 ( ! fre$m51 x is also ! mo/ conv9c+ evid5ce ( ! ,negroes' ability to "w toge!r ) mutual reg>d & mutual helpfulness4 ,:5 ,tuskegee 0 />t$ !re 0 a s]i\s "q z to :e!r ,negroes c\ld 9 any l>ge measure comb9e = bus9ess or educational purposes4 ,! only coop]ative in/itutions t _h be5 successful among !m 7 ! ,*ur* &1 p]haps1 ! secret societies4 ,9 mat]ial developm5t1 9 ! rapid & /eadily improv+ accession ( /ud5t mat]ial1 9 enl>g+ p[]s = great] usefulness1 9 influ5ce ^u ! educational me?ods ( ! c\ntry & ! civiliz$ _w1 & 9 ! sympa?y & respect x has ga9$ = ! ,negro ?r\gh ! writ+s & spee*es ( its ,f\nd] & ,pr9cipal1 ! ,tuskegee ,in/itute has )\t d\bt pass$ beyond ! expectations ( ^? :o 7 mo/ sangu9e ab\t its future4 ,! ,tuskegee tor*1 f ! ,hampton fire />t$ s _m ye>s ago by ,g5]al ,arm/rong1 has spread & is spread+ light to ?\s&s ( homes & communities ?r\gh\t ! ,s\?1 & is ! greate/ pride & glory ( ,hampton ,in/itute1 & a con/ant s\rce ( inspiration & enc\ragem5t to ! devot$ m5 & wom5 :o h always made ,hampton's "w possible4 ,at ! conclusion ( an address 9 a ,nor!rn city 9 ! int]e/ ( ,hampton1 9 :i* ,i _h quot$ ,dr4 ,curry's say+ t1 if ,hampton _h done no?+ m ?an to give u ,book] ,wa%+ton1 its hi/ory w\ld be immortality1 a ,new ,engl& lady ( app>5tly good circum/ances & well in=m$1 9 ! k9dness ( h] he>t1 took me to task = di/ort+ my facts 9 say+ t ,tuskegee _h gr[n out ( ,hampton4 ,%e 0 sure t x 0 j ! o!r way--t ,hampton 0 an (f%oot ( ,tuskegee4 ,%e c]ta9ly c\ld n h paid a high] tribute to ,hampton1 & likewise to ,tuskegee4 ,= ! pa/ few ye>s ,mr4 ,wa%+ton's des]v$ popul>ity & prom95ce h br\ght ,tuskegee conspicu\sly & con/antly be=e ! public4 ,?is has 9 no s5se be5 a disadvantage to ,hampton1 b has be5 a di/9ct ga9 9 enabl+ ,hampton to po9t to ! =emo/ man ( ! ,negro race1 & to ! l>ge/ & mo/ int]e/+ & 9 _m ways ! be/-manag$ in/itution ( ! race1 z ! be/ & mo/ conspicu\s product ( ! peculi> k9d ( education = :i* ,hampton /&s4 ,:ile ,tuskegee is1 p]haps1 9 _m respects1 bett] kn[n ?an ,hampton1 its antec$5t1 ,hampton1 is )\t d\bt mu* bett] kn[n & m highly ?\ght ( because ( ! exi/5ce ( ,tuskegee4 ,tuskegee 9 its pres5t /ate ( developm5t w\ld be "o ( ! m>vels ( ! age1 ev5 if ! p]sonality ( its ,pr9cipal 7 left out ( consid]ation4 ,two ?\s& ,negroes :o are sc>cely a g5]ation remov$ f bondage1 be+ tra9$1 discipl9$1 controll$ by #bjj or m ( ! same racial type2 #b1jjj ,negroes be+ educat$1 morally1 indu/rially1 intellectually2 an indu/rial univ]sity ) #ajj l>ge build+s well equipp$ & beautifully laid-(f gr\nds1 ) a hum & bu/le ( indu/ry1 sci5tifically & practically conduct$ by a race consid]$ z repres5t+ ! l[e/ e?nic type1 upsett+ ! !ories ( _m well-mean+ p :o believe ! ,negroes incapable ( ma9ta9+ !mselves 9 ?is civilization1 incapable ( unit+ 9 any successful endeavor )\t be+ "u ! direct p]sonal control ( ! dom9ant ,aryan--?is is "o ( ! greate/ a*ievem5ts ( ! race dur+ its ye>s ( fre$om4 ,hampton1 ?\gh a doz5 ye>s old]1 ! pione] 9 indu/rial education1 equally well equipp$1 q z well conduct$1 do+ z great a "w 9 ! elevation ( ! races x repres5ts1 & hold+ j z important a place 9 ! s*eme ( mod]n education1 is n s int]e/+ or s wond]ful1 because its conception & execution are ! product ( ,aryan ?\ght & ,aryan +5uity4 ,new ideas1 new discov]ies1 new inv5tions & organizations1 new me?ods & new in/itutions1 h be5 conspicu\s among ! :ite race = a ?\s& ye>s4 ,g5]al ,arm/rong's wisdom & =esight 7 truly wond]ful1 z inde$ are also ^? ( 8 wor?y successor1 ,dr4 ,h4 ,b4 ,frissell1 "u ^: direction ! s*ool's influ5ce & usefulness h /eadily increas$1 & along l9es t ,g5]al ,arm/rong w\ld approve2 b _h ,hampton be5 f\nd$ & br\ght to its pres5t /ate ( pr(ici5cy by a ,negro1 & its dom9at+ =ce be5 ( ! ,african race1 x w\ld be a m wond]ful & int]e/+ in/itution4 ,9 o!r words1 ! :ite race has long s9ce pass$ its exp]im5tal p]iod4 ,x n[ is ! /&>d ( measurem5t = all o!r races4 ,! ,negro's a*ievem5ts1 !n1 are consid]$ l>gely ) ref]5ce to ! impression :i* !y make ^u ! race ( ^: civilization & gov]nm5t he is a "p4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,executive ,,c\ncil4 ,tuskegee1 !re=e1 /&s out m prom95tly ?an ,hampton z an expon5t ( indu/rial education1 & has be5 m sev]ely que/ion$ because ( ! imag9$ disloyalty 9 a ,negro's aggressive attitude = ?is p>ticul> k9d ( education = 8 race4 ,!re are p ( bo? races :o1 :ile !y d n on ! :ole oppose ,hampton & ,tuskegee 9 _! educational me?ods1 are hone/ly afraid t1 because ( ! gr[+ importance & influ5ce ( ^! two s*ools & o!rs ( a simil> k9d1 ! idea w be ?or\ghly e/abli%$ t ! ,negro ne$s only & is capable only ( ! n>r[e/ sort ( indu/rial tra9+--su* z is repres5t$ by ! rule-(-?umb c>p5t] & ! "o-susp5d] mule-driv]1 :o "w by rule & rote r ?an by pr9ciple & me?od1 n 9 ! slighte/ degree compreh5d+ ! sci5ce und]ly+ ! "w 9 :i* !y are engag$1 ^: ma!matical k is b\nd$ by ! di/ance betwe5 two corn or cotton r[s4 ,to fix su* an idea 9 ! m9ds ( ! p ( ?is c\ntry--:i* is n likely to be done--w\ld1 no d\bt1 be disa/r\s to u = g5]ations to come1 & make x mu* m easy ?an x is n[ to deprive ! ,negro ( ! civil & political rights :i* are gu>ante$ by ! ,con/itution4 ,x w\ld1 )\t "q1 defeat ! objects = :i* ,hampton & ,tuskegee h p]si/5tly /ood1 & = :i* !y h ev] work$ & are /ill v successfully work+4 ,no "o famili> ) ! curricula ( ^! two s*ools w\ld = a mom5t raise su* a "q4 ,g5]al ,arm/rong saw1 z few p did1 ! moral & intellectual value ( indu/rial tra9+ aside f its m]ely economic importance4 ,he f\nd$ a s*ool on an entirely diff]5t basis f any t _h be5 kn[n be=e--! basis ( "*-build+ ?r\gh practical education1 indu/rial tra9+1 & self-help4 ,dur+ ! ?irty-six ye>s ( its hi/ory1 ,hampton has s5t into ! _w ab\t #a1bjj graduates & #e1jjj und]graduates1 _m ( :om h tak5 ) !m ! sp>k t has />t$ _m o!r ,hamptons1 l>ge & small1 among ! ,negroes ( ! ,s\? & ! ,indians ( ! ,we/4 ,hampton's success1 & inde$ ! success ( any in/itution1 dep5ds n s mu* ^u ! s*ola/ic atta9m5ts ( its pupils z ^u ! "w t ^? :o h receiv$ its in/ruction accompli%4 ,hampton glories1 & ju/ly1 9 ! loyalty ( its graduates & 9 ! fai?fulness ) :i* !y h inculcat$ & exemplifi$ ! traditions & pr9ciples = :i* x /&s4 ,hampton glories 9 ,tuskegee1 because ,tuskegee has />t$ 9 s _m communities ! sp>k ( true life & real civilization2 9 ! impetus & inspiration x has giv51 s beautiful & s p]fect a consummation ( ! prophetic vision ( ,hampton's f\nd]4 ,c ! relations betwe5 ! two in/itutions be bett] /at$ ?an 9 ! words ( _! two f\nd]s8 ,aft] a visit to ,tuskegee1 ,g5]al ,arm/rong said3 ,! ,tuskegee s*ool is a wond]ful "w & ,mr4 ,wa%+ton is a rem>kable man4 ,he has c>ri$ out ! idea ( tra9+ ! head1 h&1 & he>t 9 a wond]fully complete & p]fect way4 ,?is s*ool is v mu* l ! "o at ,hampton1 & any "o c recognize ! simil>ity1 b he has made _m improvem5ts4 ,x is n m]ely an imitation4 ,x is ! ,hampton ,idea adapt$ & work$ into a mo/ s5sible & effici5t application to ! ne$s ( ! ,alabama ,negroes4 ,9 ! same memorial address at ,g5]al ,arm/rong's fun]al f :i* ,i quot$ at ! beg9n+ ( ?is pap]1 ,mr4 ,wa%+ton said1 ,! rose ,i place on 8 grave is 8 "w at ,tuskegee4 ,hampton & ,tuskegee1 /riv+ along common l9es = common ends1 intimate 9 relation%ip1 int]dep5d5t1 ea* frankly criticiz+ & freely advis+1 ea* pr(it+ by ! failures ( ! o!r1 ea* b5efit+ by ! successes ( ! o!r1 are bo? work+ z be/ !y may t[>d t f>-(f div9e ev5t to :i* ! :ole creation moves4 ,,"p ,,ii ,,autobiographies ,,by ,,graduates ,,( ,,! ,,s*ool ,i ,a ,,college ,,presid5t',s ,,/ory ,,by ,,isaac ,,fi%] ,i 0 born ,janu>y #ah1 #ahgg1 on a plantation call$ ,p]ry's place1 9 ,ea/ ,c>roll ,p>i%1 ,l\isiana1 & 0 ! sixte5? & la/ *ild ( my p>5ts4 ,my e>ly *ildhood 0 unev5tful1 save dur+ ! ye> #ahhb1 :51 by reason ( ! break+ ( ! ,mississippi ,riv] levee ne> my home1 ,i 0 compell$1 toge!r ) my p>5ts1 to live six mon?s 9 ! plantation cotton-g91 f$ by ! ,f$]al ,gov]nm5t & by ! det]m9ation nev] to live s close to ! ,big ,muddy aga92 & dur+ #ahhf1 9 :i* ye> my "m di$4 ,up to ?is latt] ye> my life _h be5 no?+ m ?an t ( ! av]age ,negro boy on a cotton-f>m4 ,:ile ,i _h be5 too "y to feel ! burd5 ( f>m-life toil1 ,i _h n be5 sp>$ a realization ( ! n>r[ness & ! dw>f+ t5d5cies ( ! lives :i* ! ,negro f>m]s & _! families 7 liv+1 &1 9 my he>t1 ,i curs$ ! f>m & all its environs z be+ 9 v]ity an inf]no on e>?4 ,a broad] k ( ! causes :i* op]at$ to produce ! *e]less life aga9/ :i* my *ild-nature rebell$1 & a cle>] insight into ! possibilities ( rural life1 h alt]$ ?is e>ly impression2 & to-day ,i f9d myself ?9k+ "s ?\ghts relative to ! life liv$ ne> to nature's he>t :i* are n at all complim5t>y to ! bu/le & selfi%ness ( city life4 ,! dea? ( my "m furni%$ ! opportunity to leave ! f>m & g to a city2 & ,i took advantage ( ?is1 go+ to ,vicksburg1 ,miss41 to live ) an old] si/]4 ,i _h always desir$ to g to s*ool1 & _h sp5t f\r t]ms ( six mon?s ea* 9 ! c\ntry s*ool ne> my home2 b = "s reason1 :i* ,i c n n[ rememb]1 ,i att5d$ ! city s*ool 9 ,vicksburg b "o ye>1 aft] :i* ,i 0 employ$ z a cake-bak]'s assi/ant & bread-wagon driv]4 ,a %ort "t be=e ?is ,i 0 a h\se-boy 9 ! city4 ,i 01 at ! "t ( my employm5t 9 ! bak]y1 an omnivor\s read] ( ! newspap]s1 &1 9 fact1 ( all k9ds ( lit]ature2 b my h\rs ( labor at bo? places 7 s long & incessant t ,i f\nd x almo/ impossible to d any read+ dur+ my employm5t at ei!r place4 ,f9ally ,i saw & took advantage ( an opportunity to secure employm5t ) ! drug firm ( ,w4 ,h4 ,jones ,bro!r2 & ,i c\nt my "w 9 ?is /ore1 & ) ^! g5tlem5 z employ]s1 z ! turn+-po9t 9 my life1 because !re my "w dem&$ "s intellig5ce above ! av]age4 ,i _h "s *ance to /udy1 & 9 addition1 :5 x 0 f\nd by ^! :ite m5 t ,i lov$ to read1 all magaz9es1 newspap]s1 & drug j\rnals1 n ne$$ by ! firm & ! physicians ^: (fices 7 ) !m1 7 giv5 to me4 ,i nev] make any m5tion ( my life 9 ,vicksburg )\t m5tion+1 9 p>ticul>1 ,mr4 ,w4 ,h4 ,jones2 = n only 0 he a k9d & consid]ate employ]1 b ,i le>n$ f 8 actions t a :ite man c\ld be k9d & int]e/$ 9 a ,negro--a fact :i* no am\nt ( reason+ c\ld h driv5 into my /ubborn und]/&+ previ\s to t "t4 ,!re came a "t :5 ,i le>n$ t at ! ,tuskegee ,in/itute1 9 ,alabama1 any poor ,negro boy :o 0 will+ to "w c\ld pay = all 8 education 9 labor4 ,to he> 0 to act4 ,i wrote to ,mr4 ,wa%+ton1 ask+ if my in=mation 0 correct4 ,! affirmative answ] came at once4 ,x 0 ! middle ( ,augu/1 & s*ool began 9 ,septemb]1 b ,i det]m9$ to be pres5t at ! op5+ ( ! s*ool ye>4 ,i 0 !n a boy we>+ %ort tr\s]s1 b ,i imm$iately set ab\t prep>+ to deliv] a lecture to help raise funds = my trip4 ,) a k ( ! subject1 & an assurance :i* ,i h nev] s9ce assum$1 ,i spoke to a l>ge audi5ce 9 ,vicksburg on ! "q1 ,w ,am]ica ,absorb ! ,negro8 ,i settl$ ! "q !n & !re to my own satisfaction1 ev5 if ,i did n conv9ce ! nation t my affirmative conclusion 0 rational4 ,! lecture nett$ me my f>e to ,tuskegee1 ) a few doll>s ov]1 & br\ght me f ,rev4 ,o4 ,p4 ,ross1 pa/or ( ! ,african ,me?odi/ ,episcopal ,*ur* 9 ,vicksburg1 ! (f] ( a s*ol>%ip at ,wilb]=ce ,college at ! exp5se ( 8 *ur*4 ,i respectfully decl9$ ! (f]1 feel+ t ,i did n want to b9d myself to any p>ticul> d5om9ation by accept+ s great a gift2 b ,i h always felt v k9dly t[>d t *ur* ev] s9ce4 ,my fir/ glimpse ( ,mr4 ,wa%+ton 0 _h 9 ! depot 9 ,montgom]y1 ,ala41 :]e a fri5d & ,i1 on our way to ,tuskegee1 _h *ang$ c>s = ! ,tuskegee tra94 ,two g5tlem5 came into ! wait+-room :]e we 7 seat$1 "o a man ( spl5did appe>ance & address1 ! o!r a mo/ ord9>y appe>+ individual1 we ?\ght4 ,! latt]1 address+ u1 inquir$ our de/9ation4 ,^u be+ told t we 7 go+ to ,tuskegee1 he rem>k$ t he _h he>d t ,tuskegee 0 a v h>d place--a place :]e /ud5ts 7 giv5 too mu* "w to d1 & :]e ! food 0 v simple & co>se4 ,he 0 afraid we w\ld n /ay !re ?ree mon?s4 ,we assur$ him t we 7 n afraid ( h>d "w1 & meant to f9i% ! c\rse ( /udy at ,tuskegee at all haz>ds4 ,he !n left u4 ,v soon aft]1 ! g5tleman :o _h s favorably impress$ u1 & :om we aft]w>d f\nd to be ! capable treasur] ( ! ,tuskegee ,in/itute1 ,mr4 ,w>r5 ,logan1 came back & told u t our int]locutor 0 none o!r ?an ! ,presid5t ( ! s*ool to :i* we 7 go+4 ,arriv+ at ,tuskegee1 ,i f\nd :at x meant to be 9 a s*ool )\t a p5ny1 )\t assurance ( help f ! outside1 & :olly dep5d5t ^u "o's own res\rces & labor2 & ,i f\nd fur!r t 9 ! sev]e1 try+ process ?r\gh :i* ,mr4 ,john ,h4 ,wa%+ton1 sup]9t5d5t ( indu/ries1 bro!r ( ,mr4 ,book] ,t4 ,wa%+ton1 & famili>ly ?\gh v respectfully kn[n to ! /ud5ts z old man ,john1 put all /ud5ts :o (f]$ to "w = _! education1 only ! fitte/1 & ! fitte/ ( ! fit at t1 surviv$4 ,i 0 assign$ "w ) ! resid5t physician1 a v effici5t woman doctor f ,philadelphia2 & ,i h a recollection1 by no means dim1 t :5 ?is good woman made h] mon?ly report to ! treasur]1 %e c\ld write1 ,heal? ,dep>tm5t to ,isaac ,fi%]1 ,dr41 #ab4ej--value receiv$4 ,e morn+ be=e breakfa/ x 0 my duty to g to ! rooms ( six hundr$ "y m5 to see if any 7 ill1 h ^? :o 71 c>ri$ to ! hospital1 report all su* to f\r dep>tm5ts1 take meals to ^? conf9$ 9 ! hospital1 att5d to all _! wants1 keep _! build+ heat$ & suppli$ ) fuel1 &-- ,b space w n p]mit ! full catalogue ( duties4 ,at ! end ( su* a day's "w ,i w\ld att5d ! night-s*ool dur+ its session ( two h\rs4 ,desir+ to le>n a trade1 ,i ask$ p]mission to ent] ! pr9t+-(fice = ! next ye>4 ,?is 0 n grant$ until x 0 f\nd t ,i w\ld n leave ! s*ool dur+ ! summ]1 b w\ld rema9 & "w until ! beg9n+ ( ! next s*ool ye>4 ,accord+ly1 :5 my second ye> began ,i ent]$ ! pr9t+-(fice z an appr5tice4 ,dur+ t ye> ,i suff]$ actual want & privation 9 ! matt] ( %oes & clo!s2 b lat] came "u ! notice ( ,mrs4 ,book] ,t4 ,wa%+ton1 :o made arrangem5ts by :i* ,i c\ld procure "s ( ! second-h& clo!s & %oes s5t f ! ,nor? to ! s*ool = j su* cases4 ,at ! end ( ?is ye> my heal?1 z a result ( my "w 9 ! (fice1 0 s poor t ! resid5t physician recomm5d$ my removal !refrom4 ,to ! surprise ( ,mr4 ,j4 ,h4 ,wa%+ton1 ,i ask$ to be transf]r$ to ! f>m2 & ,i ?9k ,i prov$ :ile work+ on ! s*ool-f>m t ,i 0 s9c]e :5 ,i said t ,i w\ld "w :]ev] ,i 0 plac$4 ,x 0 dur+ ?is summ] t ,mr4 ,book] ,t4 ,wa%+ton %[$ me t ,i _h come favorably "u 8 notice4 ,at "o ( ! weekly pray]-meet+s1 conduct$ by ! *apla91 ,mr4 ,p5ney1 & at :i* ,mr4 ,wa%+ton 0 pres5t1 ,i made "s rem>ks relative to ! agno/icism ( ! late ,col4 ,rob]t ,g4 ,+]soll4 ,! foll[+ day ,mr4 ,wa%+ton s5t = me1 inquir$ my age & class 9 ! s*ool1 & !n said "s v k9d ?+s ab\t ! talk :i* ,i _h made 9 ! pray]-meet+1 & made me a conditional promise ( 8 fri5d%ip1 :i*1 despite my (t-prov5 unwor?9ess1 he has ev] s9ce giv5 me 9 un/9t$ measure4 ,aft] t second ye> my h>d%ips z a "w-/ud5t 7 practically ov]4 ,9 my ?ird ye> ,i ent]$ ! day-s*ool1 work+ "o day 9 e week & e o!r ,saturday1 & go+ to s*ool ! rema9d] ( ! "t4 ,:ile ! s*ool made compulsory ! e>n+ ( "s money on ! "p ( all /ud5ts1 x set no maximum limit on ! am\nts to be e>n$4 ,i elect$ to e>n z mu* z ,i c\ld "u ! circum/ances1 e>n+1 by reason ( ! _m odd jobs :i* ,i did1 (t5 z mu* z #bj p] mon?1 go+ to s*ool e day 9 ! meantime4 ,! av]age am\nt usually e>n$ is #e & #f p] mon?4 ,at "o "t ,i work$ eight days p] mon? on ! f>m1 s5t notes ( ! s*ool to #abg ,negro newspap]s1 clean$ "o laboratory e day1 play$ 9 bo? ! brass b& & ! or*e/ra1 blew ! bugle = ! battalion1 & taught two classes 9 ! night-s*ool1 = ea* ( :i* duties ,i receiv$ pay2 & ev5 ?\gh ,i broke d[n "u ! accumulat$ /ra9 soon aft] my graduation1 ,i c>ri$ my po9t & complet$ ! c\rse ( /udy z ,i _h plann$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,c>negie ,,libr>y ,,build+4 ,9 my f\r? ye> ,i won ! ,tr9ity ,*ur* 7,bo/on7 ,prize ( #be = oratory2 & 9 my s5ior ye> won ! ,l\ghridge ,book ,prize = s*ol>%ip1 & also ! val$ictory ( my class1 graduat+ 9 #ahih4 ,i 0 imm$iately s5t to ! ,s*(ield ,s*ool1 a ,quak] in/itution = ,negroes 9 ,aik51 ,s4 ,c41 to organize f>m]s' conf]5ces on ! ord] ( ^? conduct$ by ! ,tuskegee ,in/itute1 & to s]ve z a tea*] 9 ! s*ool4 ,aft] "o ye>'s s]vice 9 t position ,mr4 ,wa%+ton ask$ me to accept ! position ( ,assi/ant ,nor!rn ,f9ancial ,ag5t = ,tuskegee4 ,i accept$1 & rema9$ two ye>s 9 ,new ,engl&1 help+ to int]e/ fri5ds 9 my alma mat]4 ,at my own reque/ ,i 0 transf]r$ f ! ,nor!rn "w to ! ,s\?1 be+ assign$ ?is "t to ! ,negro ,conf]5ce "w 9 ,alabama4 ,be=e beg9n+ ?is "w ,i 0 m>ri$ to a ,tuskegee girl1 ,miss ,sallie ,mc,cann4 ,)9 a few mon?s a pr9cipal 0 ne$$ = ! ,swayne ,public ,s*ool ( ,montgom]y1 ,ala41 & ?is 9 ! middle ( ! s*ool ye>4 ,mr4 ,wa%+ton recomm5d$ me = ! "w1 & ,i 0 elect$ to ! position4 ,at ! close ( ! t]m ,i w5t to ,new ,york to /udy ! public-s*ool sy/em ( t city z f> z possible4 ,:ile !re ,i 0 reelect$ pr9cipal ( ! ,swayne ,s*ool1 & a notice ( ! election rea*$ me "o morn+4 ,?ree h\rs lat] ,i receiv$ a lett] f ! secret>y ( ! ,univ]sity ( ,arkansas 7:ite7 in=m+ me t my "n _h be5 pres5t$ to ! bo>d ( tru/ees ( t in/itution1 & ,i _h be5 elect$ to ! presid5cy ( ! ,/ate ,bran* ,normal ,college at ,p9e ,bluff1 ,ark4 ,i 0 n a c&idate = ! position1 b see+ 9 x an opportunity = great] usefulness1 ,i accept$ ! position 9 my tw5ty-fif? ye>1 & h j be5 reelect$ to s]ve a ?ird t]m z presid5t ( ! s*ool4 ,! ,bran* ,normal ,college 0 e/abli%$ 9 #ahge z "o ( ! ,l& ,grant colleges1 & has a prop]ty valuation ( #ajj1jjj4 ,ov] my desk hangs a picture ( ! ,pr9cipal ( ,tuskegee2 & 9 my desk are views ( ! in/itution :i* he has built4 ,b ^! may be remov$4 ,9 ! book ( my memory & 9 ! secret *amb]s ( my he>t ,i h en%r9$ ! two names :i*1 ) ,god & ! p>5ts n[ on ! o!r side ( ! ,great ,divide1 h %ap$ & giv5 direction to my :ole life--,tuskegee & ,book] ,t4 ,wa%+ton4 ,,ii ,a ,,s*ool ,,pr9cipal',s ,,/ory ,,by ,,william ,h4 ,,holtzclaw ,i 0 born 9 ,r&olph ,c\nty1 ,ala41 ne> ! little t[n ( ,roanoke4 ,! h\se 9 :i* ,i fir/ saw ! light--or t "p ( x :i* /ream$ ?r\gh ! cracks1 = !re 7 no w9d[s--0 a little log cab9 #ab by #af feet4 ,i "k v little ( my ance/ry1 except t my "m 0 ! daught] ( h] "m's ma/]1 born 9 ! days ( slav]y1 & up to #ahfd h]self ! slave ( h] half-bro!r4 ,%e 0 born 9 ! ,/ate ( ,georgia4 ,my fa!r 0 born 9 ,elmore ,c\nty1 ,ala4 ,he nev] knew 8 fa!r1 b rememb]$ 8 "m & elev5 bro!rs4 ,my "m 0 m>ri$ twice be=e %e m>ri$ my fa!r4 ,%e m>ri$ fir/ at ! age ( fifte54 ,i am ! fif? ( fifte5 *ildr51 & my fa!r's olde/ *ild4 ,nei!r my fa!r nor my "m c\ld read or write2 "m c\ld get a little out ( "s pages ( ! ,bible by spell+ ea* ^w z %e came to x4 ,my e>ly ye>s 7 sp5t on a f>m4 ,:5 only f\r ye>s old ,i 0 put to su* "w z ,i c\ld d--su* z rid+ a deaf & bl9d mule1 :ile my bro!r pl[$ him 9 ord] to make him g =w>d1 = he c>$ no?+ = assault f ! re>4 ,we work$ = a :ite man = "o-f\r? ( ! crop4 ,he furni%$ ! /ock1 l&1 & se$s1 & we did ! "w1 al?\gh he 0 suppos$ to help4 ,he furni%$ money to run u at fifte5 to a hundr$ p] c5t1 accord+ to ! "t ( ! ye>4 ,he grew weal?i]2 we grew1 if possible1 poor]4 ,be=e ,i 0 fifte5 ye>s old ,i in/9ctively felt ! inju/ice ( ! s*eme4 ,:5 ! crop 0 divid$ he got ?ree loads ( corn to our "o1 & someh[ he always got all ! cotton3 nev] did a s+le bale come to u4 ,^? 7 h>d times = u2 = x mu/ be rememb]$ t ?is 0 9 ! days ( recon/ruction & ! ,ku-,klux-,klan1 & if to ?is be add$ ! fact t my fa!r1 a "y & inexp]i5c$ man1 _h />t$ out ) a family ( six on 8 h&s1 "s idea ( ! situation may be _h4 ,i c recall hav+ be5 )\t food _m a day1 & ! pangs ( hung] drove me almo/ to desp]ation4 ,b "m & fa!r w\ld come late at night f a day ( depress+ toil & excruciat+ inw>d pa91 ! result ( _! inability to relieve our suff]+1 & pacify u = ! night ) su* ?+s z !y _h be5 able to get4 ,:5 ,i awoke ! next morn+ !y 7 gone aga9 on a food mission4 ,hung] w\ld sometimes ne>ly drive u mad4 ,my bro!r & ,i 7 giv5 a meal ( pie-cru/s f ! :ite folks' table "o day1 & z we ate !m1 ,old ,buck1 ! family dog1 :o resembl$ an emaciat$ pan!r1 /ole "o ( ! cru/s4 ,x 0 our d9n]4 ,we lov$ ,old ,buck1 b we _h to live fir/2 s my bro!r lit on him1 & a battle royal took place ov] t cru/4 ,bro!r 0 los+ gr\nd1 s ,i jo9$ 91 &1 com+ up f ! re>1 we conqu]$ & sav$ ! cru/1 b n till bo? ( u 7 well scrat*$ & bitt54 ,i 0 put to s*ool at ! age ( six4 ,bo? "m & fa!r 7 det]m9$ t _! *ildr5 %\ld be educat$4 ,s*ool la/$ two mon?s 9 ! ye>--,july & ,augu/4 ,! s*oolh\se 0 ?ree miles f our h\se1 b we walk$ e day1 my olde/ si/] c>ry+ me a/ride h] neck :5 ,i gave out4 ,sometimes we _h an e> ( roa/$ gre5 corn 9 our basket = d9n]1 or a roa/$ sweet potato1 b m (t5 simply p]simmons1 or fruit & nuts pick$ f our l&lord's or*>d & f ! =e/4 ,:5 cotton began to op51 9 ! latt] "p ( ,augu/1 ! l&lord want$ u to /op s*ool & pick cotton1 & ,i c di/9ctly rememb] h[ my "m us$ to outg5]al him by slipp+ me (f to s*ool ?r\gh ! woods1 foll[+ me ?r\gh ! swamps & d>k places1 ) h] h& on my back1 %ov+ me on till ,i 0 well on ! way1 & !n return+ to try to d z mu* 9 ! field t day z %e & ,i toge!r w\ld be expect$ to d4 ,:5 ! l&lord came to ! qu>t]s e>ly to look = me1 my "m w\ld hide me beh9d ! cook-pot & o!r vessels4 ,:5 ,i 0 a little old] ,i _h to play my "p on ! f>m4 ,"m n[ work$ ano!r s*eme4 ,i took turns ) my bro!r at s*ool & at ! pl[4 ,:at he le>n$ at s*ool on 8 s*ool-day 0 taught to me at night1 & vice v]sa4 ,9 ?is way we got a mon? ( s*ool+ ea* dur+ ! ye>1 & got ! habit ( home /udy4 ,our family 0 increas+ rapidly1 & to keep ! *ildr5 ev5 r\ghly clo!d & f$ 0 ab\t all t c\ld be done "u ! circum/ances4 ,:5 ! s*ool exhibition took place & e girl 0 expect$ to h a :ite dress & e boy a pair ( :ite pantaloons1 my "m 0 (t5 put to h] trumps to get ^! ?+s4 ,fa!r w\ld n tr\ble himself ab\t !m1 z he said !y 7 useless4 ,b ! tea*] said !y 7 necess>y1 & 8 ^w 0 law & gospel ) mo/ p>5ts 9 our community4 ,an exhibition 0 ne> at h& & ?ree ( u _h no :ite pantaloons4 ,"m manipulat$ e s*eme1 b no clo? yet to make !m6 ,f9ally ! day arriv$1 b n till "m solv$ ! problem by gett+ up be=e dawn t morn+ & mak+ ?ree pairs ( :ite pantaloons = u out ( h] ,sunday petticoat4 ,"m 0 ( a det]m9$ disposition1 & seldom fail$ to solve a dome/ic problem4 ,we look$ ab\t z well z o!r p's *ildr5 9 t exhibition--at lea/ we ?\ght we did1 & t 0 suffici5t4 ,b x mu/ be rememb]$ t !re is j s mu* clo?1 & no m1 9 a petticoat4 ,s our suits 7 necess>ily made tight4 ,i _h to be c>eful h[ ,i got ar\nd on ! /age4 ,i usually _h diff]5t tea*]s e ye>1 z "o tea*] seldom c>$ to /ay at a place = m ?an a session4 ,i well rememb] ! disadvantages ( ?is cu/om4 ,"o tea*] w\ld h me 9 a ,?ird ,read] & fractions1 ano!r 9 ,fif? ,read] & addition4 ,:5 ,i rea*$ ! po9t :]e ! tea*] ord]$ me to get a ,unit$ ,/ates ,hi/ory1 ! book-/ore did n h "o1 b sold me a biography ( ,m>t9 ,lu!r in/ead1 :i* ,i /udi$ = "s "t1 ?9k+ t ,i 0 le>n+ some?+ ab\t ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,i did n "k :at ! ,unit$ ,/ates 0 or 0 l1 al?\gh ,i _h /udi$ geography & knew some?+ ab\t ,s\? ,am]ica & ,africa2 & my tea*] did n tell me4 ,my tea*] at ?is "t 0 a good man1 b t 0 all4 ,_m ( my tea*]s knew v little1 b ,i ?\ght !y knew ev]y?+1 & t 0 suffici5t1 = _! tea*+ 0 :olesome4 ,i rememb] "o or two1 h[ev]1 ^: "w1 "u ! circum/ances1 w\ld be h>d to mat* ev5 n[4 ,z soon z ,i 0 old en\gh ,i 0 hir$ out = wages1 to help support ! family4 ,my s*ool opportunities 7 n[ almo/ gone1 & = ?is reason1 toge!r ) a desire = m excitem5t1 ,i began to gr[ re/less on ! f>m4 ,i grew morose4 ,i pull$ myself loose f all public functions1 ceas$ to att5d any public meet+s1 save regul> mon?ly *ur* meet+s1 & betook me to ! woods1 :]e ,i read ev]y?+ ,i c\ld get4 ,x 0 dur+ ?is "t t accid5tally1 ,i may say provid5tially1 ,i got hold ( a book conta9+ ! life ( ,ignacius ,san*o2 & ,i h nev] read any?+ t has giv5 me m inspiration4 ,i wi% e ,negro boy 9 ! l& might read x4 ,i read & work$1 & help$ to support ! family4 ,i _h v[$ t z soon z ,i 0 tw5ty-"o ,i w\ld leave = "s s*ool & !re /ay until ,i 0 educat$4 ,i 0 already a little 9 advance ( ! "y p 9 my community1 s ,i sp5t my long w9t] ev5+s tea*+ a little night-s*ool to :i* ! "y p ( ! neighborhood came4 ,all my life up to ?is "t my fa!r _h be5 work+ z a t5ant4 ,he n[ det]m9$ to /rike out = himself--buy /ock & r5t l&4 ,! mule he b\ght soon became hopelessly lame 9 ! back4 ,x 0 a peculi> sort ( illness4 ,once ^u 8 feet1 he c\ld "w all day )\t difficulty1 b :5 he lay d[n at night he _h to be help$ up ! foll[+ morn+4 ,dur+ t entire season ! fir/ ?+ ,i he>d ea* morn+ 0 ! voice ( my fa!r1 ,*ildr51 *ildr51 get up6 let's g & help up ! old mule4 ,a neighbor also 0 call$ 9 ea* morn+ to help4 ,t[>d ! end ( ! season ! s*ool op5$4 ,we 7 s anxi\s to ent]1 t we det]m9$ to help ! old mule4 ,my bro!r & ,i hit*$ ourselves to ! pl[1 & si/] did ! pl[+4 ,e>ly ea* morn+ we pl[$ 9 ?is way1 & soon f9i%$ ! crop & ent]$ ! little s*ool4 ,my fa!r & "s o!rs _h built a little s*ool out ( p9e poles :i* !y _h cut1 & haul$ to ! spot on _! %\ld]s4 ,! tea*]1 a m>ri$ man1 easily won all 8 pupils1 b ,i c\ld nev] =give him = w9n+ & f9ally elop+ ) 8 pretty assi/ant tea*]4 ,*ri/mas eve1 #ahhi1 ,i w5t to b$ a boy4 ,j aft] breakfa/ ! next morn+ ,i became a man--my own man4 ,s&y ,claw did n come t night1 al?\gh ,i _h hung up my /ock+1 & ,i 0 feel+ bad ab\t x4 ,aft] breakfa/ my fa!r call$ me out into ! y>d1 :]e we seat$ ourselves on ! protrud+ roots ( a l>ge oak-tree1 & !re he set me free4 ,son1 said he1 y are ne>+ manhood1 & y h no education2 besides1 if y rema9 ) me ,i w n be able to help y :5 y are tw5ty-"o4 ,we've decid$ to make y free1 if y'll make u "o promise--t y w educate y\rself4 ,by t "t my "m _h jo9$ ! p>ty4 ,i cri$1 ,i "k n :y1 & my "m cri$2 ev5 my fa!r c\ld n conceal 8 emotion4 ,i accept$ ! proposal imm$iately1 & al?\gh we usually took ,*ri/mas till ,new ,ye>'s day1 my ,*ri/mas t ye> 0 !n at an end4 ,manhood _h dawn$ ^u me t morn+4 ,i tri$ to be calm1 b inw>dly ,i 0 l a fi% out ( wat]4 ,i /ruck out to f9d "w1 t ,i might make money to g to s*ool4 ,"o mile across ! =e/ br\ght me to a man :o hir$ me1 & promis$ me #i4be a mon? = n9e mon?s4 ,at ! end ( six mon?s ,i came across ! ,tuskegee ,/ud5t1 publi%$ at ! ,tuskegee ,normal & ,indu/rial ,in/itute4 ,i read e l9e 9 x4 ,on ! fir/ page 0 a note3 ,!re is an opportunity = a limit$ numb] ( able-bodi$ "y m5 to ent] ! ,tuskegee ,normal & ,indu/rial ,in/itute & "w _! way ?r\gh1 provid$ application is made at once4 ,book] ,t4 ,wa%+ton1 ,pr9cipal4 ,"w _! way ?r\gh6 ,i _h nev] he>d ( su* a ?+ be=e4 ,nei!r _h ,i he>d ( ,tuskegee4 ,i s5t 9 my application4 ,i did n "k h[ to address a lett]1 & s only put ,book] ,t4 ,wa%+ton on ! envelope4 ,someh[ he receiv$ x & gave me p]mission to come4 ,!re ensu$ a g5]al scramble to get ready to g by ! op5+ ( s*ool4 ,i broke (f relations ) my employ] by compromis+ = a suit ( clo!s & #h 9 money4 ,my *um1 a man ( ab\t =ty ye>s ( age1 see+ ! /ruggle ,i 0 mak+ to get (f1 (f]$ to help me1 or r to %[ me h[ to get ! money easily by /eal+ a few *ick5s & sell+ !m4 ,x 0 a tempt+ bait1 b aga9/ all ! previ\s tea*+s ( my "m4 ,he argu$1 & my "m1 :o 0 n !re1 also argu$ )9 me4 ,i c\ld n cons5t4 ,my fri5d piti$ me & (f]$ to d ! job himself4 ,to get a supply ( clo!s to take to ,tuskegee 0 ! "q4 ,up to t "t ,i _h nev] worn an und]%irt1 or a pair ( draw]s1 or a /iff-bosom %irt1 or a /iff coll>4 ,all ^! ,i _h n only to get1 b _h to le>n to we> !m4 ,my %irts & coll>s 7 b\ght second-h& f a :ite neighbor & 7 all too l>ge by ?ree numb]s4 ,! la/ day ( ,septemb]1 #ahij1 ,i left = ,tuskegee4 ,:5 ,i rea*$ !re1 al?\gh ,i 0 a "y man1 ,i c\ld n tell :at c\nty ,i liv$ 91 9 answ] to ,mr4 ,wa%+ton's "q4 ,i 0 admitt$1 aft] "s hesitancy on ! "p ( ,pr9cipal ,wa%+ton1 & s5t to ! f>m to "w = "o ye> 9 ! daytime & to att5d s*ool at night4 ,i 0 daz$ at ! spl5dor ( ,tuskegee4 ,!re 0 ,arm/rong ,hall1 ! mo/ impos+ brick /ructure ,i _h ev] se54 ,!n came ,alabama ,hall1 :]e ! girls liv$4 ,h[ wond]ful6 ,i c\ld h>dly believe t ,i 0 n dream+1 & ,i 0 almo/ afraid ,i %\ld awake4 ,:5 ,i w5t to b$ t night ,i got betwe5 two %eets--some?+ ,i _h n be5 accu/om$ to d4 ,ab\t twelve o'clock an (fic] came 91 ?rew ! cov] (f me1 & ask$ "s que/ions ab\t night%irts1 comb & bru%1 & too?-bru%1 ) all ( :i* ,i 0 b meag]ly acqua9t$4 ,he made me get up1 pull (f my socks1 necktie1 coll>1 & %irt1 & told me ,i w\ld re/ bett] )\t !m4 ,i didn't believe him1 b ,i obey$4 ,! next morn+ ,i saw m activity among ,negroes ?an ,i _h ev] se5 be=e 9 my life4 ,n only 0 ev]ybody at "w1 b e s\l seem$ to be 9 e>ne/4 ,i he>d ! r++ ( ! anvil1 ! click ( ma*9]y1 ! music ( ! c>p5t]s' hamm]s4 ,be=e my eyes 0 a pair ( big fat mules draw+ a piece ( new & improv$ f>m ma*9]y1 :i* lit]ally gutt$ ! e>? z ! mules mov$4 ,"h 0 a h]d ( cattle1 !re a h]d ( sw9e2 "h ?ump$ ! mighty /eam-eng9e t propell$ ! ma*9e :i* deliv]$ up its _m ?\s& ( brick daily2 !re 0 ano!r ma*9e1 equally p[]ful1 turn+ out ?\s&s ( feet ( p9e lumb] e day4 ,!n !re 7 ! class-rooms1 ) _! dignifi$ tea*]s & wor?y-look+ "y m5 & wom54 ,amid x all mov$ t wond]ful figure1 ,book] ,t4 ,wa%+ton4 ,i began at once a new exi/5ce4 ,i made a v[ t ,i w\ld educate myself !re1 or ,i w\ld die & be buri$ 9 ! s*ool cemet]y4 ,:5 ,mr4 ,wa%+ton /ood at ! alt> 9 ! fir/ s]vice :i* ,i att5d$ & utt]$ a f]v5t pray] ask+ = guidance1 & = spiritual & f9ancial /r5g? to c>ry on t great "w1 ,i felt t ! ,"l w\ld surely answ] 8 pray]4 ,s9ce !n ,i h travel$ practically all ov] ?is c\ntry1 & 9 "o =eign c\ntry1 )\t once see+ any?+ t made s deep an impression on me4 ,illu/ration3 ,,morn+ ,,at ,,! ,,b>ns ,,on ,,! ,,s*ool ,,f>m4 ,teams ( horses & cattle ready to />t = ! day's "w4 ,simultane\sly ) ?is opportunity = self-education came _m real h>d%ips--to say no?+ ( imag9>y h>d%ips--:i* ne>ly result$ disa/r\sly to my heal?4 ,i 0 poorly clad = ! extraord9>y w9t] !n sett+ 94 ,i _h only "o und]%irt & "o pair ( draw]s4 ,i c\ld n1 ( c\rse1 put ^! articles 9 ! laundry1 & !re=e _h to pull !m (f on ,saturday nights1 wa% !m1 & get !m dry en\gh to we> by breakfa/ on ,sunday morn+4 ,x foll[$ t _m ,sunday morn+s f\nd me sitt+ at ! table we>+ damp und]we>4 ,i c\ld d no bett]1 )\t leav+ s*ool1 & ?is ,i 0 det]m9$ n to d4 ,i 0 e>ne/ 9 my "w1 & 0 promot$ f a common labor] to be a ho/l] 9 *>ge ( all boys deal+ ) horses1 & !n to ! mu*-s\ght position ( special assi/ant to ! f>m manag]4 ,i 0 beg9n+ to see ! mi/akes ( my =m] life1 ! "t ,i _h lo/1 & n[ appli$ myself dilig5tly4 ,i c>ri$ a book ) me ev]y:]e ,i w5t1 & n a second ( "t w\ld ,i lose4 ,:ile driv+ my mules ) a load ( wood1 ,i w\ld read until ,i rea*$ ! place ( unload+4 ,mr4 ,wa%+ton took note ( ?is1 & ^u "o occasion1 :ile admoni%+ ! /ud5ts to make good use ( _! "t1 said3 ,!re is a "y man on ! gr\nds :o w be he>d f "s day because ( 8 int5se application to /udy & dilig5ce 9 8 "w4 ,i li/5$4 ,i knew he 0 speak+ ( me1 & ! fact t ,i 0 to be he>d f lat] made me d\ble my resolutions4 ,9 ,septemb]1 #ahia1 ,i _h to my cr$it 9 ! treasury ( ! in/itution #ajj1 & ,i 0 n[ ready to ent] ! day-s*ool1 to measure arms ) ! m =tunate /ud5ts4 ,b1 alas6 sickness ov]took me1 & :5 ,i em]g$ f ! hospital1 aft] ab\t two mon?s' sickness1 my doctor's bill 0 exactly #ajj4 ,my accumulat$ cr$it w5t to pay x4 ,?is 0 ! p5alty = mak+ ! transit f a l[] to a high] civilization4 ,:5 ,i w5t )\t und]g>m5ts at home1 my heal? 0 sav$ because ( uni=mity ( habit4 ,n[ x 0 injur$ because ,i c\ld we> !m ?is week1 b might n be able to d s ! next--irregul>ity ( habit4 ,!n1 too1 ,tuskegee gave me su* liv+-rooms z ,i _h nev] liv$ 91 or hop$ to4 ,i _h liv$ 9 log h\ses1 :i* are self-v5tilat+4 ,n[ ,i _h ei!r ov]v5tilat$ or fail$ to v5tilate my room4 ,x is a difficult matt] to make ! transit f a l[] to a high] civilization4 ,!re are _m ob/acles1 & _m h fall5 by ! way4 ,i w5t home to recup]ate1 b return$ to ,tuskegee 9 a few weeks1 & z ,i _h no money ,i 0 aga9 p]mitt$ to ent] ! night-s*ool & "w dur+ ! day4 ,?is "t ,i took up ! pr9t]s' trade4 ,"h ,i broke ov] ! conv5tional rule ( act+ devil six mon?s1 & began sett+ type aft] "o mon? 9 ! (fice4 ,9 six mon?s ,i 0 "o ( ! s*ool's regul> compositors2 & 9 "o t]m ,i _h suffici5t cr$it ) ! treasur] to ent] ! day-s*ool4 ,b ,i 0 n yet to ent]4 ,a lett] came f my fa!r1 say+1 ,if y wi% to see me aga9 alive1 ,i ?9k x w\ld be well to come at once4 ,i w5t4 ,my fa!r di$ a few days aft] ,i got home1 ,june #bg1 #ahic4 ,all hope ( future s*ool+ seem$ n[ at an end4 ,my only conc]n 0 to d ! be/ ,i c\ld ) ! exce$+ly heavy load n[ left on my h&s4 ,i pull$ (f my s*ool-clo!s1 w5t to ! field1 & f9i%$ ! crop fa!r _h left4 ,!re 0 a heavy debt1 & ,i began to tea* s*ool to pay ?is debt4 ,( c\rse ,i knew v little1 b ,i taught :at ,i knew--&1 ,i suppose1 "s ?+s ,i didn't "k4 ,i ?9k ev5 n[ t ,i did ! p "s good4 ,i _h n le>n$ mu* at ,tuskegee 9 books1 b ,i _h le>n$ mu* f ,mr4 ,wa%+ton's ,sunday ev5+ talks 9 ! *apel4 ,i _h li/5$ c>efully to him & _h treasur$ up 9 my he>t :at he _h said f "t to "t4 ,n[ ,i 0 tea*+ x to o!rs4 ,i felt ,i 0 to ?is little community :at ,mr4 ,wa%+ton 0 to ,tuskegee4 ,s ,i made ! p :itewa% _! f5ces & fix up _! h\ses & premises g5]ally4 ,!y 7 v poor1 & :5 ! s*ool clos$ !y c\ld n pay me4 ,i told !m ,i w\ld take corn1 peas1 potatoes1 sirup1 pork1 %ucks1 cotton-se$--9 fact1 any?+ ) :i* !y wi%$ to pay me4 ,wagons 7 secur$ & load$1 & = sev]al days all sorts ( provisions 7 haul$ to my "m's h\se & /or$ away = w9t]4 ,i w5t to ! h\se ( "o good wid[1 :o said3 ',fess]1 ,i a9't got no?9' to pay y wid b dis 'ere h\se-cat1 & he's a good'n4 ,i owes y tw5ty-five c5ts1 & ,i wants to pay x4 ,y done my little gal good--m'n any tea*] ev] did4 ,%e a9't /op' wa%9' h] face yit :5 %e gits up 9 de morn9'4 ,v well1 ,i said1 ,i'll take ! cat ) ?anks & call ! debt squ>e4 ,ano!r said3 ',fess]1 ,i he>d y 0 com+1 & ,i hid all my meat 9 de smoke-h\se1 & says3 ',i'll tell him ,i a9't got none2' b :5 ,i se$ y com+ ,i tole de *ill5 to g op5 de smoke-h\se4 ,anybody :o d my *ill5s z mu* good z y1 c get e bit de meat ,i got4 ,f t woman ,i got fifty p\nds ( meat4 ,ano!r good woman want$ me to take h] only pair ( scissors1 & :5 ,i refus$ to d s1 %e put !m into my coat-pocket1 say+ ! man :o taught h] *ild s mu* mu/ be paid4 ,= ?ree ye>s ,i taught s*ool ) "o p]sonal object 9 view--! support ( my "m & h] family4 ,"m 0 n satisfi$ ) ?is2 %e want$ me educat$4 ,f9ally %e m>ri$ aga91 = no high] reason ?an to p]mit me1 & ! o!r *ildr5 gr[+ up1 to g to s*ool4 ,my hope = an education 0 aga9 r5ew$1 & ,i w5t back to ,tuskegee4 ,ne>ly ev]ybody _h =gott5 t ,i _h ev] be5 !re4 ,not)/&+ ,i _h be5 out ne>ly ?ree t]ms1 ,i _h kept pace ) my class1 mak+ "o class ea* ye>1 ! same z if ,i _h be5 9 s*ool4 ,^u a v critical exam9ation1 9 :i* ,i av]ag$ n9ety-?ree = all subjects1 ,i ent]$ ! ,b ,middle class 9 ! day-s*ool4 ,f9ancially ,i 0 v little bett] (f ?an :5 ,i left1 b ,i _h le>n$ h[ to manipulate ?+s 9 su* a way z to make x possible to rema9 9 s*ool4 ,i knew a trade at :i* ,i c\ld easily make a doll> a day 9 cr$it1 & ,i c\ld tea* dur+ ! vacation4 ,?+s w5t smoo?ly = "o ye>4 ,!n my bro!r came1 & ,i _h to support him 9 "p4 ,j ab\t ! "t ,i 0 gett+ myself adju/$ to ?is1 my si/] came4 ,i knew ,i %\ld h to support h] almo/ :olly1 s ,i felt l giv+ up "u su* a triple burd52 b ,i held on4 ,i _h to d5y myself _m ( ! pleasures ( s*ool life 9 ord] to make two ends meet4 ,i _h to we> two pairs ( pantaloons & "o pair ( draw]s2 & ,i rememb] "o ,sunday1 :ile ! s*ool 0 enjoy+ a good s]mon by a great bi%op1 ,i 0 9 ! %op melt+ "s glue1 ) :i* ,i glu$ pat*es on my only pair ( pantaloons1 :i* _h rea*$ a condition :]e ?read w\ld no long] hold ! pat*es on4 ,i w n tell :at happ5$ :5 ! pat*es _h be5 on = a few days4 ,b amid all ^! conflict+ affairs ( my s*ool-days ran an imm5se am\nt ( pleasure1 m ?an ,i _h ev] kn[n be=e4 ,i 0 gradually com+ to see ?+s z !y are 9 ! affairs ( m54 ,i ?\ght !n1 & ,i /ill ?9k1 t no sacrifice 0 too great :5 !re 0 su* a gold5 opportunity4 ,to sit & li/5 to "o ,sunday ev5+ talk by ,pr9cipal ,wa%+ton 0 wor? all ! tr\ble "o _h to und]go = a ye>4 ,two ye>s be=e ,i graduat$ ,i began to inquire :at ,i 0 made =--:at call+ %\ld ,i foll[8 ,x 0 h>d to decide4 ,mr4 ,wa%+ton's tea*+ _h impress$ me t ,i %\ld d some?+ to help ^? less =tunate ?an myself1 & t 9 ! v d>ke/ place ,i c\ld f9d4 ,my fa!r _h call$ me to 8 dea?-b$ & said to me3 ,son1 ,i want y to become a tea*] ( y\r p4 ,i h done :at ,i c\ld 9 t direction4 ,! p ne$ y\r s]vices4 ,i recall$ h[ 9 8 la/ mom5ts ,i _h promis$ him ,i w\ld c>ry out 8 wi%es4 ,!re 0 no?+ else left = me to d b to g into ^? d>k places4 ,b !re 0 ! rub2 & e ,sunday ev5+ ,mr4 ,wa%+ton ?und]$ t same !me3 ,g into ! d>ke/ places1 ! places :]e y are mo/ ne$$1 & !re give y\r life ) little ?\ght ( self4 ,i knew ab\t ^? d>k places4 ,i _h be5 born 9 "o ( !m4 ,i _h be5 sp5d+ my vacations tea*+ 9 !m4 ,once1 :ile tea*+ 9 ! ,/ate ( ,georgia1 ,i bo>d$ ) a family :]e !re 7 fifte5 besides myself1 all sleep+1 eat+1 & cook+ 9 ! same room4 ,!re 7 ?ree "y wom5 9 ! family4 ,:5 b$time came ,i _h to g out ( doors & amuse myself ) ! />s till all ! wom5 7 9 b$2 !n !y w\ld ext+ui% ! he>?-light by putt+ "s a%es on x & let me come 9 & g to b$4 ,i _h to keep my head "u ! cov] ! next morn+ :ile !y got up & dress$4 ,i us$ to sleep ) my nose ne> a crack 9 ! wall 9 ord] to get fre% air4 ,"o little girl 9 ! family1 :ile say+ h] pray]s "o night1 begg$ ! ,"l to let ! angels come d[n & /ay ) !m t night4 ,h] little bro!r promptly int]rupt$ h] by say+ t %e ought to h s5se en\gh to "k t !re 0 no room 9 t b$ = angels1 z !re 7 already five p]sons 9 x4 ,i 0 us$ to ! c\ntry & its wor/ conditions4 ,i pray$ ov] ! matt] till f9ally ,i gave myself1 he>t & m9d1 to :atev] place %\ld call me4 ,dur+ my la/ ye> at ,tuskegee ,i 0 made a sub/itute sal>i$ tea*] 9 ! night-s*ool4 ,my f9ancial burd5s 7 n[ lift$ & my s*ool life became "o great pleasure4 ,t[>d ! end ( my ,s5ior ye> ,i decid$ to try = ! ,tr9ity ,prize ( #be = ! be/ orig9al oration4 ,i rememb]$ :at ,mr4 ,wa%+ton _h s (t5 said3 t a man usually gets out ( a ?+ :at he puts into x4 ,i det]m9$ to put #ajj wor? ( ef=t into ?is conte/4 ,i 0 aw>d$ ! prize4 ,a place 0 (f]$ to me at ,tuskegee z academic tea*]1 b ,i decl9$ x4 ,i _h settl$ 9 my m9d t ,i w\ld g to ! ,/ate ( ,mississippi1 :i* ,i _h f\nd by two ye>s ( inve/igation 0 ! place :]e my s]vices 7 mo/ ne$$4 ,i c\ld n g to ,mississippi at once4 ,i _h n money to pay my way1 s ,i accept$ a position ) my fri5d1 ,william ,j4 ,edw>ds1 at 8 s*ool 9 ,sn[ ,hill1 ,ala41 :]e ,i work$ = f\r ye>s1 nev] los+ sight ( my ,mississippi object4 ,:ile at ,sn[ ,hill ,i m>ri$ ,miss ,m>y ,ella ,patt]son1 a ,tuskegee graduate ( ! ,class ( '#ie4 ,we put our e>n+s toge!r & built u a com=table little home4 ,"o *ild1 ,william ,sidney1 0 born to u1 b liv$ only six mon?s4 ,x took me j two ye>s to conv9ce my wife t !re 0 any wisdom or judgm5t 9 leav+ our little home & go+ to ,mississippi1 :]e nei!r ( u 0 kn[n4 ,b f9ally %e gave h]self1 s\l & body1 to my way ( ?9k+4 ,! way 0 n[ cle> = me to make ! />t4 ,j be=e ,i left = ,mississippi1 "o ( my old tea*]s f ,tuskegee visit$ me4 ,he inquir$ ab\t my go+ to ,mississippi1 & :5 ,i expla9$ ! s*eme to him1 he said je/+ly1 ,y "k !re is no ,god 9 ,mississippi4 ,i simply repli$ t !n ,i w\ld take ! "o t ,alabama _h ) me4 ,i c\ld n take my wife1 = %e 0 "u ! c>e ( a physician at t "t4 ,i decid$ to leave ne>ly all my ready ca% ) h]4 ,i did n take q en\gh = my railroad f>e1 = ,i _h expect$ to sell my wife's bicycle :5 ,i rea*$ ,selma1 ! ne>e/ t[n1 & ?us secure en\gh money to f9i% my trip4 ,b :5 ,i got to ,selma ! :eel w\ld n sell1 s ,i bo>d$ ! tra9 )\t money en\gh to rea* ,utica1 ! place 9 ,mississippi to :i* ,i 0 b\nd4 ,i _h n got f> into ! ,/ate ( ,mississippi :5 my purse 0 empty4 ,i /opp$ (f at a little t[n1 late at night1 :]e !re 7 no bo>d+-h\ses1 & no "o w\ld admit me to a private h\se to sleep4 ,i w&]$ ab\t until ,i came ^u an old guano-h\se1 & crawl$ into ?is & slept until ! break ( day4 ,!n ,i crawl$ out1 pull$ myself toge!r1 jump$ a/ride my bicycle1 & made my way t[>d ,utica1 ?r\gh a wild & unfrequ5t$ "p ( ,mississippi4 ,b be=e ,i c\ld rea* ,utica my :eel broke d[n1 :]eupon ,i put x ^u my %\ld]1 roll$ up my tr\s]s1 & cont9u$ ! j\rney to ,utica4 ,i soon met a "y man :o reliev$ me ( my burd5 by trad+ me 8 brass wat* = ! :eel & giv+ me #b to boot4 ,i _h previ\sly got myself elect$ pr9cipal ( ! little c\nty s*ool1 :i*1 if ,i c\ld pass ! ,/ate exam9ation1 w\ld pay me a little sal>y1 :i* w\ld be a great help to me :ile ,i work$ up ! ,indu/rial & ,normal ,s*ool :i* ,i _h come to build4 ,mu* dep5d$ on my ability to pass ! exam9ation4 ,tuskegee's reputation 0 at /ake--my own reputation 0 at /ake2 =1 if ,i fail$1 ! p w\ld c]ta9ly lose confid5ce 9 me1 & make x impossible = me to accompli% my purpose4 ,i 0 out ( money1 & ?is 0 ! only way ,i c\ld see to get any = a long "t4 ,if ,i fail$1 my wife--:o 0 /ill 9 ,alabama1 & :o believ$ 9 my ability to d any?+--w\ld p]haps lose respect = me1 &1 mo/ ( all1 ! failure to pass ! exam9ation might upset all my plans & bla/ all my hopes4 ,i confess ,i w5t to t exam9ation ) a sort ( anxi\s det]m9ation4 ,i did n1 h[ev]1 f9d x half s difficult z ,i _h expect$4 ,i soon succe$$ 9 obta9+ ! necess>y lic5se to tea* 9 ! public s*ools ( ! ,/ate4 ,! little s*oolh\se :]e ! s*ool _h be5 h]et(ore 0 s mu* out ( repair t we c\ld n risk hav+ pupils "u its ro(4 ,i _h hop$ to op5 9 ! *ur*1 b ! good deacons w\ld n p]mit ?is4 ,s ! few pupils :o came ! fir/ day 7 ga!r$ toge!r "u an oak-tree1 & !re 7 taught4 ,aft] "s "t a tempor>y cab9 0 fix$ up1 & 9 ?is we taught ! entire w9t]4 ,! cab9 0 practically no protection aga9/ ! ra91 & less aga9/ ! w9t] w9ds4 ,! w9d lit]ally came ?r\gh f all directions--f ! sides1 ends1 above1 & b5ea?4 ,we soon _h ! floor /opp$ up ) clay4 ,?is br\ght ab\t ano!r disadvantage3 :5 x began to ra9 ?r\gh ! ro(1 ! wat] w\ld collect on ! floor until x 0 two or ?ree in*es deep4 ,two "y wom5 7 help+ me to tea*4 ,!y (t5 amus$ me by try+ to ma9ta9 _! dignity & keep out ( ! wat] at ! same "t4 ,!y w\ld /& ^u /ools & fire que/ions at _! pupils1 :o 7 /&+ 9 ! wat] bel[ :ile answ]+ !m4 ,on su* days z ?is ,i usually wore my ov]coat & rubb] %oes4 ,i w\ld !n /& 9 ! wat] & tea* ) z mu* indiff]5ce z possible4 ,we bor$ holes 9 ! floor to let ! wat] out1 b x usually came ?r\gh ! ro( fa/] ?an x c\ld escape4 ,!re 0 mu* suff]+ at ?is "t on ! "p ( bo? tea*]s & /ud5ts1 b x 0 all a joy & pleasure to me1 = ,i felt t ,i _h f\nd my life-"w4 ,i 0 a /rang] to ! p1 & !y _h v little confid5ce 9 me4 ,"s ( !m que/ion$ my motives 9 e direction4 ,at ! fir/ meet+ ( ! patrons = ! purpose ( rais+ money1 sev5ty-five c5ts 7 collect$ & 7 turn$ ov] to me to hold4 ,9 a c\ple ( days "s "o dem&$ t ! collection be tak5 out ( my h&s4 ,i quietly turn$ x ov] to !m4 ,!n !y got up a scramble z to :i* "o %\ld hold x4 ,!y settl$ ! qu>rel by select+ a :ite man 9 ! t[n ( ,utica1 9 :om all ( !m _h confid5ce4 ,i !n w5t out canvass+ & got #aj1 :i* ,i promptly turn$ ov]4 ,imm$iately !y want$ to turn x back to me to hold1 toge!r ) :at ! :ite man _h4 ,!y nev] aga9 que/ion$ my s9c]ity4 ,my wife1 :o 0 /ill 9 ,alabama1 kept writ+ me to let h] jo9 me4 ,explanations w\ld d no good4 ,%e laid aside all ! com=ts ( home life & came to live 9 a hovel4 ,we r5t$ a little room1 b\ght a skillet & a fry+-pan1 a b$ & two *airs1 & set up h\sekeep+4 ,i did ! cook+1 = my wife 0 a city girl & did n "k h[ to cook on ! op5 fireplace4 ,we nev] contra/$ our condition 9 ,mississippi ) t 9 ,alabama2 we simply made ! be/ ( :at we _h4 ,at fir/ !re 0 difficulty 9 secur+ l& = a location1 & _m ( ! patrons began to feel t no?+ w\ld be accompli%$4 ,to (fset ?is idea ,i pur*as$ lumb] = a build+1 _h x put 9 ! *ur*y>d1 & cut up ready = fram+4 ,! en?usiasm _h to be kept up4 ,l& 0 soon b\ght & ! build+ />t$4 ,ev]ybody felt n[ t some?+ 0 go+ to be done4 ,at ! end ( ! fir/ ye>'s "w ,i 0 able to make to ! tru/ees a cr$itable report1 f :i* ! foll[+ is tak53 ,z soon z we secur$ a cab9 to tea* 91 ! "y p came 9 great numb]s4 ,we soon _h an att5dance ( #bjj4 ,"o tea*] aft] ano!r 0 employ$ to assi/1 until sev5 tea*]s 7 daily at "w4 ,aft] ?ree mon?s 9 our tempor>y qu>t]s conditions 7 v try+4 ,!re 0 no money to pay tea*]s or to meet ! groc]y bills = tea*]s' bo>d4 ,! w9t] 0 well on1 & ! /ructure 9 :i* we 7 locat$ 0 little protection aga9/ x4 ,! ra9 easily came ?r\gh ! ro(1 & wat] 0 (t5 two in*es deep on c]ta9 p>ts ( ! floor4 ,sev]al tea*]s & /ud5ts 7 suff]+ ) pneumonia or k9dr$ disord]s1 z a result ( all ?is exposure4 ,i confess t dur+ ?is d>k p]iod only a c>efully plann$ sy/em & mu* det]m9ation prev5t$ despair4 ,dur+ all ?is "t ,i 0 try+ to secure ! int]e/ ( ! p4 ,i w5t f door to door1 expla9+ our ef=ts2 !n ,i made a t\r ( ! *ur*es2 aft] rid+ or walk+ five or t5 miles at night ,i w\ld return1 & !n tea* ! next day4 ,aft] a protract$ /ruggle ( ?is k9d1 & aft] visit+ almo/ ev]ybody = _m miles1 ,i f\nd t ,i _h secur$ ab\t #fjj4 ,?is greatly reliev$ u4 ,=ty acres ( l& 7 pur*as$1 & a "p ( ! lumb] = a good1 com=table build+ 0 put ^u ! gr\nds4 ,"s ( our tru/ees 9 ,new ,york city & ,bo/on n[ came to our assi/ance1 & ) ?is1 & contributions f a few o!r fri5ds1 we 7 able to get ?r\gh ! ye>4 ,al?\gh x 0 a great /ruggle1 ,i f\nd 9 x "s pleasure4 ,to "k t y 7 do+ ! "w t ! _w ne$s1 & mu/ h done1 is a pleasure ev5 "u try+ difficulties4 ,/>t+ la/ ,octob] )\t a c5t1 9 ! op5 air1 we h succe$$ 9 e/abli%+ a regul>ly organiz$ in/itution incorporat$ "u ! laws ( ! ,/ate ( ,mississippi1 ) #bbe /ud5ts & sev5 tea*]s1 & ) prop]ty valu$ at #d1jjj4 ,=ty acres ( good f>m-l& ab\t a mile f t[n h be5 secur$4 ,a model crop is n[ gr[+ on ?is f>m4 ,we h erect$ a build+--a two-/ory frame--at a co/ ( some?+ ov] #b1jjj4 ,i hope y w n get1 f :at ,i h said1 an idea t ,i am measur+ ! success ( my ef=ts by mat]ial advancem5t4 ,i am n4 ,!re are =ces :i* our labors h set to "w "h1 ! results ( :i* c n be measur$ 9 facts & figures4 ,"o ye> ago religi\s s]vices 7 held once a mon?1 at :i* "t ! day 0 sp5t 9 s++1 pray+1 & %\t+4 ,! way "s ( ! p liv$ = ! next tw5ty-n9e days w\ld %ock a s5sitive individual to read ab\t x4 ,"y p w\ld gamble ) ! dice1 etc41 9 a mo/ despicable way1 )9 a %ort di/ance ( ! *ur*1 dur+ s]vices2 o!rs w\ld dis*>ge revolv]s at ! *ur* door dur+ s]vices2 ignorance1 sup]/ition1 vice1 & immorality 7 ev]y:]e pres5t1 not)/&+ ! h&ful ( det]m9$ ,*ri/ian m5 & wom5 :o 7 try+ to ov]come ^! evil t5d5cies4 ,i d n ma9ta9 t ^! evils h be5 cru%$ out4 ,!y h n4 ,b :at ,i d ma9ta9 is t ! g5]al curr5t has be5 *eck$4 ,! revolution is on2 & if we cont9ue ! "w "h1 z we surely w1 ^! evil t5d5cies w soon be cru%$ out4 ,dur+ ?is ye> ! p !mselves furni%$ #a1jjj t[>d ! support ( ! s*ool4 ,!y h nev] be=e sp5t a t5? z mu* = education4 ,! second ye> elev5 tea*]s 7 employ$ & #djj /ud5ts 7 admitt$4 ,! co/ ( op]ations 0 #aj1jjj1 all ( :i* 0 rais$ dur+ ! ye>4 ,we are n[ ent]+ into our ?ird t]m4 ,fifte5 tea*]s h be5 employ$1 & ! exp5ses ( op]ation w be ab\t #ae1jjj1 all ( :i* ,i mu/ raise by direct ef=t4 ,our prop]ty1 all de$$ to a bo>d ( tru/ees1 is valu$ at #aj1jjj4 ,i c n feel t ,i h accompli%$ mu* "h 9 ,mississippi1 because ,i see all ar\nd me s mu* to be done--s mu* t ,i c n t\* because ( lack ( means4 ,b1 be+ 9 ! "w to /ay1 ,i may1 9 ! end1 contribute my %>e to ! bett]m5t ( man4 ,if ,i h suff]$ mu* to build up ?is "w1 ,i c n feel t x is a sacrifice4 ,x is a colossal opportunity4 ,! great] ! sacrifice1 ! m ext5sive ! opportunity4 ,:atev] may h be5 accompli%$ already is c]ta9ly due m to my wife's sup]ior judgm5t ?an to my own activity4 ,:atev] ,i h be5 able to d myself "h 9 ,mississippi = my p has be5 due1 fir/1 to ! tea*+s ( my "m1 &1 second1 to ! all-important life-example & mat*less tea*+s ( ,book] ,t4 ,wa%+ton4 ,,iii ,a ,,lawy]',s ,,/ory ,,by ,,george ,w4 ,,lovejoy ,i c give no accurate date z to my bir?1 z my "m 0 a slave & ?us x 0 n record$1 b ,i ?9k ,i 0 born 9 ! mon? ( ,febru>y1 #ahei4 ,i 0 born 9 ,coosa1 "o ( ! middle c\nties ( ,alabama4 ,i am ! ?ird *ild & ! second son ( elev5 *ildr51 sev5 ( :om are /ill liv+4 ,my fa!r ,i d n rememb]1 z he di$ :5 ,i 0 v "y1 b ,i mo/ vividly rememb] my /epfa!r1 ! only fa!r ,i ev] knew4 ,*ildhood to me 0 n t long season ( pa9less play ( :i* ,:itti] s beautifully s+s1 b ,i d rememb] t ,i 0 e>ly impress$ t my feet mu/ h be5 made = ! express purpose ( tread+ ! mills ( toil4 ,:5 sev5 ye>s ( age my /epfa!r put a hoe 9 my little h&s & bade me g & help my "m we$ ! cotton-pat*1 & f t day to ! pres5t "t ,i h be5 con/ant 9 my application to "s =m ( labor4 ,:5 my m9d rev]ts to t e>ly p]iod ( my life ,i become my own photograph] & get v>i\s pictures ( myself1 ei!r z pick+1 hoe+1 or plant+ cotton1 ( pull+ fodd] or splitt+ rails1 = ^! 7 ! ?+s ,i did f *ildhood to manhood4 ,my /epfa!r _h be5 ! =eman1 or driv]1 = 8 ma/] :5 he 0 a slave1 & ,i am p]suad$ to believe t he mu/ h be5 an excell5t "o1 = ,i c n rememb] 9 all my life :5 a day's "w _h be5 s full1 s complete1 s well done1 t he w\ld n press = a little m ! next day4 ,mortgag+ ( crops 0 !n 9 vogue1 z x is to-day1 & my m9d revolts :5 ,i ?9k ( h[ my "y life & ! lives ( my "m1 si/]s1 & bro!rs 7 burd5$ ) ! con/ant gr9d ( try+ to eke out a liv+ &1 if possible1 get ev5 a little ahead4 ,"s ye>s1 :5 conditions _h be5 favorable1 we 7 able to cle> ourselves ( debt & beg9 anew4 ,b1 seem+ly1 ?is prosp]ity 0 n = u1 = ^! ye>s ( pl5ty 7 almo/ inv>iably foll[$ by "o or two less fruitful ones t came & swall[$ up ! :ole1 leav+ u z =lorn & z wret*$ly poor z we 7 be=e4 ,?is failure ( ! crops because ( dr\?s unduly long1 wet seasons1 ! ravages ( worms1 cat]pill>s1 & o!r uncontrollable circum/ances1 n only meant t ! :ole ( t ye>'s labor 0 to br+ no tangible rew>ds1 b t mu* prop]ty accumulat$ 9 m prosp]\s times 0 to be dissipat$ z well4 ,i c recall repeat$ in/ances :5 all ( my /epfa!r's live /ock 0 tak5 = debt "u ?is cru%+ sy/em4 ,& ?us x 0 t my /epfa!r1 & my "m1 & ! re/ ( ! f>m]s = miles ar\nd exi/$6 ,dur+ all ^! ye>s my bro!rs1 si/]s1 & myself 7 gr[+ up 9 ignorance4 ,until ,i 0 t5 ye>s old ,i _h nev] he>d ( a s*ool = color$ *ildr54 ,ev5 aft] ! privilege ( att5d+ s*ool two mon?s ( ! ye>--,july & ,augu/--_h be5 accord$ me1 ,i am c]ta9 t ! in/ruction receiv$ 0 ( t k9d t h9d]s m ?an x helps4 ,ye> aft] ye> ! c\rse ( /udy w\ld be repeat$4 ,p]haps ?is repetition 0 necess>y = m ?an "o reason3 ,fir/1 t5 mon?s' vacation does n t5d to firmly impress ^u "o's m9d ! k acquir$ 9 two4 ,second1 ! tea*]s !mselves _h su* limit$ k t two mon?s 7 ample "t 9 :i* to exhau/ _! /ore ( k1 &1 z exam9ations 7 s easy1 x 0 n imp]ative t !y d m ?an keep s*ool4 ,i rememb] q di/9ctly t :5 ,i did g to s*ool we us$ ! prov]bial ,web/]'s blue-back spell]4 ,! majority ( ! pupils began ) ! ,a1 ,b1 ,c1 ! alphabet1 & w5t z f> z horseback1 :ile apt pupils might be able to rea* compressibility4 ,& s = ye>s we w5t f ,a to compressibility on horseback4 ,9 ^? days ! ?ree ,r's 7 n conf\nd$4 ,only "o ( !m 0 giv5 to u1 & t 9 brok5 doses1 = ,i rea*$ manhood )\t be+ able to write a s+le ^w or to "w a problem 9 ma!matics4 ,nei!r my "m nor /epfa!r c\ld read or write a l9e2 n a book1 newspap]1 or magaz9e 0 ev] se5 9 our home4 ,x 0 mo/ unusual to see a color$ man or woman :o c\ld ei!r read or write4 ,:5 a m]e boy ,i inw>dly prote/$ aga9/ ?is mann] ( br++-up4 ,i det]m9$ to make my life m useful1 to make x bett] ?an x 04 ,b h[ long ^! ye>s 76 ,h[ev]1 ! day came :5 ,i 0 tw5ty-"o1 & ,i began to create a life = myself4 ,i imm$iately w5t to "w do+ f>m labor1 & sav$ my e>n+s until ,i _h tw5ty-five or ?irty doll>s ahead4 ,i !n decid$ to g to s*ool some:]e & to le>n some?+4 ,i f\nd my fir/ opportunity 9 ,montgom]y1 ,ala4 ,i w5t !re 9 ,novemb]1 #ahhc1 & ent]$ ! ,swayne ,s*ool4 ,ev]y?+ 0 new & /range to me4 ,i _h nev] se5 s l>ge a s*oolh\se be=e4 ,i 0 daz$1 bewild]$4 ,!re ,i 01 a great1 gr[n man1 9 ! class ) little *ildr51 :o look$ ^u me z a curiosity1 some?+ to be wond]$ at4 ,i1 too1 look$ at !m ) amazem5t1 = x seem$ next to impossible = "y boys & girls to "k z mu* z !y seem$ to "k4 ,i c n say t ,i 0 he>tily receiv$ by ! pupils4 ,i 0 awkw>d1 & ,i discov]$ t ! city *ildr5 did n f9d me pleas+ly companionable4 ,x is probable t at ?is po9t ,i %\ld h gr[n disc\rag$ & giv5 up _h ,i n met t great & good man1 ,rev4 ,rob]t ,c4 ,b$=d1 :o is n[1 z he has be5 = _m ye>s1 secret>y ( ! bo>d ( tru/ees ( ! ,tuskegee ,in/itute1 & :o travels among & reports ^u ! "w ( ,tuskegee graduates & =m] /ud5ts1 b :o 0 at t "t pa/or ( ! ,fir/ ,congregational ,*ur* 9 ,montgom]y4 ,i regul>ly att5d$ 8 *ur* & ! ,sunday-s*ool connect$ !re)1 & receiv$ su* help & enc\ragem5t f him z b few m5 c imp>t to o!rs4 ,x 0 he :o fir/ told me ( ,tuskegee & advis$ me to ent] !re4 ,i felt t ?is advice1 if he$$1 w\ld "w = my good4 ,i 0 admitt$ to ,tuskegee = ! session beg9n+ ,septemb]1 #ahhd1 ?ree ye>s aft] ! s*ool _h be5 op5$4 ,:5 ,i ent]$ ,tuskegee ,i 0 fill$ ) loa?+ = all =ms ( manual labor4 ,i _h be5 a slave to toil all my life & _h resolv$ t1 if x 7 possible = a color$ man to make a liv+ by do+ some?+ besides f>m+1 splitt+ rails1 or pick+ & hoe+ cotton1 ,i w\ld be "o ( t numb]4 ,i 0 compell$ at ! s*ool1 h[ev]1 l ! o!rs1 to "w at "s indu/ry4 ,i did "s "w on ! f>m & 0 "o ( ! s*ool's boss janitors4 ,illu/ration3 ,,/ud5ts ,,prun+ ,,pea*-,,trees4 ,?\gh ,i _h no real incl9ation to le>n a trade or to p]=m any k9d ( manual toil1 ,i did desire to be useful1 & ?r\gh\t my :ole s*ool life at ,tuskegee ,i _h visions ( myself seat$ 9 an (fice pond]+ ov] ,black/one1 ,k5t1 & ,/orey1 ) a %+le on ! outside ann\nc+ my pr(ession to all pass]s-by4 ,aft] sp5d+ "s "t 9 ,tuskegee & dilig5tly apply+ myself1 ,i 0 mu* gratifi$ to f9d t ,i 0 able to pass ! ,/ate exam9ation = a second-grade c]tificate1 & to tea*1 dur+ ! vacation p]iod1 ! v s*ool 9 :i* ,i _h s long be=e le>n$ to spell horseback & compressibility4 ,i sp5t f\r ye>s 9 ! ,tuskegee ,in/itute1 graduat+ ) ! class ( #ahhh4 ,be=e graduat+1 ,i divulg$ to ,mr4 ,wa%+ton my long-*]i%$ ambition1 & 0 some:at *agr9$ to f9d t he did n ?9k mu* ( my dreams4 ,he app>5tly sympa?iz$ ) ?is l>g] vision1 b seem$ to ?9k ,i ought to h m education4 ,i suspect he 0 "r4 ,h[ev]1 ,i 0 det]m9$ to make an ef=t to realize my ambitions4 ,i insi/$ t he mu/ help me to f9d a place to read law4 ,aft] a :ile x 0 decid$ t ,i %\ld beg9 9 ! (fice ( ,mr4 ,william ,m4 ,reid1 ( ,portsm\?1 ,va4 ,) ?is end 9 view1 ,i taught 9 ! ,/ate ( ,alabama f ,may1 #ahhh1 until ,april1 #ahhi4 ,i !n left = ,portsm\?4 ,?\gh ,i _h work$ = elev5 mon?s1 ,i _h b #a4be :5 ,i rea*$ ,portsm\?4 ,my sal>y _h be5 meag]1 ,i _h paid e c5t ,i ow$ ! s*ool1 & _h met ! _m obligations necess>y to liv+ 9 a dec5tly com=table mann]4 ,i f\nd ,mr4 ,reid to be an intellig5t1 /udi\s1 h>d-work+ "y man1 ) a fairly good practise1 & 9 t h\r ( unc]ta9ty & emb>rassm5t he prov$ himself to be ! fri5d 9 ne$4 ,) 8 aid ,i 0 n long 9 f9d+ "w by :i* ,i e>n$ en\gh to pay my bo>d & buy books to help me 9 my /udy ( law at night4 ,i work$ dur+ ! daytime at ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,navy-,y>d 9 ,portsm\?1 receiv+ #a4be p] day4 ,i _h nev] be=e e>n$ s mu* money4 ,i 0 able n only to meet my regul> bills b to save some?+1 & soon began to collect a law libr>y4 ,i work$ at ! ,navy-,y>d = ?ree ye>s4 ,x 0 my privilege to "w ^u ! second-class battle%ip ,texas1 & ^u ! /eel-protect$ cruis] ,raleigh1 bo? ( :i* r5d]$ admirable s]vice 9 ! ,spani%-,am]ican ,w>4 ,9 ! spr+ ( #ahib ,i felt t ,i _h suffici5t k ( law to beg9 practis+4 ,i left ,virg9ia & return$ to ,alabama4 ,! tug ( w> _h n[ begun4 ,i f\nd x exce$+ly difficult to get exam9$4 ,aft] try+ = five mon?s1 ,i succe$$ 9 gett+ a lawy]1 a ,mr4 ,?ompson1 ( ,macon ,c\nty1 ,ala41 to recomm5d me to ! *anc]y c\rt ( t c\nty = exam9ation4 ,i 0 exam9$ 9 op5 c\rt be=e all ! practis+ attorneys ( t b>1 & 0 giv5 lic5se to practise law 9 ! ,/ate ( ,alabama4 ,i 0 elat$1 ov]joy$--my dream 0 ne>+ its realization6 ,i select$ ,mobile1 ,ala41 a city ( ab\t fifty ?\s& inhabitants1 z my field ( labor4 ,i op5$ my (fice on ,septemb] #h1 #ahib1 & h practis$ law !re f t "t to ! pres5t date4 ,?\gh ,i h met _m ob/acles & h _h _m difficulties to surm\nt1 ,i h nev] _h to close my (fice1 or seek o!r employm5t to make a liv+4 ,i h done well4 ,i h exp]i5c$ no emb>rassm5t because ( prejudice4 ,! judges & juries h discuss$ cases ) me 9 ! same mann] t !y w\ld ) any o!r lawy] at ! b>4 ,i h ev5 _h a few :ite cli5ts4 ,to get ! confid5ce ( my own p is ! h>de/ problem ,i h _h to solve1 = ,i f9d t m5 are /ill sometimes )\t honor 9 _! own c\ntry4 ,i am daily confront$ ) _m petty difficulties4 ,i sometimes f9d t ev5 a religi\s diff]5ce w come betwe5 me & a probable cli5t4 ,"s ?9k ,i %\ld be a ,bapti/1 o!rs w\ld h me a ,me?odi/1 & o!rs /ill sugge/ t ,i %\ld embrace ! ,ca?olic fai?4 ,i %\ld also belong to e secret society 9 ! city1 & att5d e public ga!r+ no matt] :at ! h\r1 :e!r x be call$ at high noon or at dawn ( day4 ,despite ^! ?+s to be expect$ ( a p b =ty ye>s free1 & us$ to :ite judges1 & juries1 & lawy]s1 & unus$ to deal+ ) "o ( _! own1 ,i feel t ,i am /ill w9n+ my way4 ,x is my desire to help my fell[ m51 & 9 return receive an appreciable %>e ( _! help4 ,aft] practis+ my pr(ession = ne>ly two ye>s1 ,i 0 m>ri$ to ,miss ,s>ah ,e4 ,ogd51 :o 0 at t "t a /ud5t at ! ,tuskegee ,in/itute4 ,we h be5 happily m>ri$ = t5 ye>s & h be5 bless$ ) six *ildr51 only ?ree ( :om1 ,i am sorry to /ate1 are liv+4 ,i feel t ,i c n close ?is %ort sket* )\t pay+ a clos+ tribute to my alma mat]--,tuskegee4 ,^? lessons ( ?rift1 indu/ry1 & integrity dwelt ^u by ,pr9cipal ,wa%+ton & 8 c[ork]s1 ,i %all nev] =get4 ,my he>t ?rills & its pulses beat :5ev] ,i ?9k ( :at x has meant to me to come 9 contact ) ! quick5+ influ5ces ( t s*ool4 ,i lift up my voice & call h] bless$1 my ,tuskegee6 ,,iv ,a ,,s*ool ,,treasur]',s ,,/ory ,,by ,,m>t9 ,a4 ,,m5afee ,i 0 born on a plantation 9 ,lee ,c\nty1 ,ala41 &1 z my p>5ts 7 v poor1 ,i 0 plac$ 9 ! field & did n see ! inside ( a s*oolroom until ,i 0 twelve ye>s old4 ,i !n _h a *ance to att5d a ?ree mon?s' s*ool = six mon?s1 or = two ye>s1 z we usually call$ x4 ,be=e ?is ,i _h _h "o ( my %\ld]s dislocat$ ?r\gh an accid5t & h be5 able to use b "o arm s9ce4 ,at ?is p]iod ,i made up my m9d to secure an education1 & a g5tleman :o 0 tea*+ s*ool at my home took me to an ,alabama college1 ?9k+ t he c\ld p]haps get me 9 s*ool !re4 ,i told ! presid5t ( ! college t ,i want$ an education1 & (f]$ him my s]vices 9 return = su* opportunities z he w\ld op5 to me1 b see+ my condition1 he soon conclud$ t ,i c\ld r5d] b little 9 ! way ( s]vices4 ,i plead$ ) him = a trial1 b he refus$ me admittance1 albeit 9 a v nice & polite mann]4 ,i return$ home1 !n at ,oakb[]y1 ,ala4 ,v soon aft] my return ,i he>d ( ! ,tuskegee ,in/itute1 & ,i ?9k x 0 9 ,july ( t ye> :5 ,i made up my m9d t ,i w\ld />t = ?is s*ool1 :i* 0 ab\t =ty miles f :]e ,i liv$4 ,aft] walk+ to ,auburn1 ,ala41 twelve miles1 ,i wait$ = ! tra9 &1 z %e glid$ up1 ,i walk$ 9 & took my seat4 ,be=e ,i left home ,i knew "s walk+ w\ld be necess>y1 & pref]r$ do+ x at ! beg9n+ ( ! j\rney4 ,i 0 admitt$ on my arrival1 aft] "s p>ley+1 & 0 promptly assign$ to "w 9 ! brick-y>d4 ,aft] ,i _h be5 !re = two days ,i f\nd t ! sun _h no pity on1 or pati5ce )1 me2 x seem$ to bli/] me ?r\gh & ?r\gh4 ,i f9ally conclud$ t ! sun1 toge!r ) ! brick-y>d1 0 bla/+ ! hopes ,i _h ent]ta9$ & ! det]m9ation ,i _h fo/]$1 ( secur+ an education4 ,i tri$ to get my "w *ang$1 b ! ,director ( ,indu/ries did n see x z ,i did1 & w\ld n d x4 ,! next ?+ t ,i settl$ ^u = relief 0 to get sick1 b a day's trial ( t %[$ t w\ld n "w4 ,i decid$ t ,i w\ld return home1 :]e ,i 0 sure ,i w\ld at lea/ f9d no brick-y>d to h>ass or di/urb4 ,my /ay at ! s*ool 0 j ab\t sev5 or eight days4 ,i w\ld l to add j "h1 h[ev]1 t ,i am v glad t ,i 0 put on ! brick-y>d1 z x c]ta9ly left 9 me ! _s ( "w aft] ,i got ov] t fir/ affliction ( heat4 ,v soon aft] ,i _h return$ home ,i receiv$ a lett] f "o ( ! tea*]s ( ,talladega ,college1 a ,miss ,s4 ,j4 ,eld]1 :o met me :5 ,i 0 !re seek+ entrance1 ask+ me to g to ,j5if]1 ,ala41 & att5d a s*ool !re conduct$ by two :ite ladies2 %e said %e w\ld foot all ( my bills4 ,?is greatly reliev$ me1 & ,i consid]$ x a great ?+4 ,v soon !reaft] ,i _h my clo!s ready1 & 0 at ,j5if]4 ,i 0 !re = "o ye>1 b ,tuskegee 0 con/antly on my m9d2 9 fact1 ,i _h made up my m9d to give x a second trial4 ,on ,octob] #bi1 #ahid1 ,i aga9 w5t to ,tuskegee & ask$ = admission4 ,i 0 admitt$ ) ! und]/&+ t ,i %\ld /& up 9 ! ,*apel & make a public ackn[l$gm5t ( ! wrong ,i _h done 9 leav+ ! s*ool )\t p]mission4 ,?is seem$ l a great humiliation1 z ,i c\ld h>dly talk to "o p]son1 to say no?+ ( ! ?\s& /ud5ts & tea*]s !n !re1 z ,i /amm]$ s mu*4 ,mr4 ,wa%+ton seem$ to und]/& ! situation & 0 k9d en\gh to help me out by ask+ que/ions4 ,i 0 giv5 "w on ! f>m1 & />t$ out aga9 ) r5ew$ vigor & det]m9ation to complete a c\rse ( /udy4 ,! f>m manag]1 ,mr4 ,c4 ,w4 ,gre5e1 0 v k9d to me & gave me "w t ,i c\ld d4 ,aft] ,i _h be5 on ! f>m ab\t two weeks he plac$ me at ! gates to keep out ! c[s & hogs t might be tempt$ to walk 9 on ! s*ool-lawns4 ,?is "w ,i enjoy$1 & v soon e/abli%$ an (fice "u a tree ne> ! gate4 ,i held ?is position & kept ?is (fice = two ye>s4 ,i 0 !n tak5 f !re & plac$ 9 ,mr4 ,gre5e's (fice to help him4 ,x 0 at ,tuskegee t ,i fir/ saw a typewrit] & %or?& writ+4 ,i made up my m9d t ,i w\ld be a /5ograph] & typewrit]1 & ?\ght t if ,i c\ld le>n ?is1 t w\ld be z high up z ,i c>$ to g 9 life4 ,i borr[$ a book on %or?&1 n be+ able to pur*ase "o1 & began ! /udy )\t a tea*]4 ,v soon ,i realiz$ t ,i _h le>n$ a little1 & my ambition grew4 ,i want$ a typewrit]4 ,i got up en\gh c\rage to g to ! ,rev4 ,r4 ,c4 ,b$=d1 :o (t5 visit$ ! s*ool1 & :o 0 "o ( my be/ fri5ds1 &1 9 fact1 is l>gely responsible = my be+ able to /ay at ,tuskegee z long z ,i did1 & told him ,i want$ a typewrit]2 ,i repeat$ly told him t my success 9 life l>gely dep5d$ ^u my secur+ x4 ,mr4 ,b$=d said he w\ld see :at c\ld be done1 &1 9 a v %ort "t1 he came f ! ,nor? & br\ght ! ma*9e4 ,:5 he in=m$ me t he _h br\ght x1 x did seem t ,i c\ld n /ay on ! gr\nds4 ,i felt !n t ,i _h all t 0 necess>y to make me a /5ograph]1 & v soon decl>$ myself a memb] ( ! /5ographic _w4 ,i advanc$ v well 9 ^! new /udies & 0 giv5 "s "w to d 9 ! (fices4 ,! regul> s*ool /5ograph]s help$ me all !y c\ld4 ,! sadde/ exp]i5ce ,i ev] _h 9 connection ) ! ,tuskegee ,in/itute 0 at ! end ( my second summ]4 ,i 0 v anxi\s to rema9 9 ! employ ( ! s*ool1 z my p 7 v poor & ,i did n c>e to be home on !m unless ,i c\ld become a full field h&1 & ,i felt t ! s*ool _h mu* "w t ,i c\ld d4 ,i appeal$ to ! ,director m ?an once to let me rema91 b he repli$ ea* "t t ! "w dep>tm5t 0 clos$2 t he c\ld n take any m1 & fur!rmore1 t x 0 be/ t ,i return home4 ,mr4 ,b$=d enc\rag$ me all he c\ld & told me t ,i might f9d some?+ to d2 t ,i %\ld laun* out = myself4 ,i w5t to ,opelika1 & ,mr4 ,b$=d 0 on ! same tra94 ,he & ,i 7 9 ,opelika toge!r = ab\t a half day4 ,he 0 on 8 way to ,beloit1 ,wis41 8 home1 & ,i 0 on my way home to ,oakb[]y4 ,ab\t ?irty m9utes be=e x 0 "t = my tra9 to leave1 ,i notic$ a man :o 0 v busy sup]9t5d+ ! haul+ ( "s lumb]4 ,?is man ask$ my "n1 :at ,i c\ld d1 & :]e ,i 0 f4 ,= a mom5t ,i hesitat$ to tell him1 b f9ally did4 ,i f\nd t he 0 ! pr9cipal ( ! color$ city s*ool at ,opelika1 ,pr(essor ,j4 ,r4 ,savage4 ,mr4 ,savage prov$ to be a true fri5d4 ,he gave me "w at once 9 ! ,summ] ,normal ,s*ool he 0 conduct+4 ,i w5t to my home t ev5+1 rejoic+ t ,i _h f\nd "w4 ,:5 ,i return$ to ,opelika ,mr4 ,savage ask$ me to take *>ge ( ! bus9ess dep>tm5t ( ! ,summ] ,normal & tea* %or?& & typewrit+4 ,i work$ ) him 9 ?is way = ?ree summ]s1 my vacation p]iods1 ) mu* success4 ,we work$ well toge!r & 9 p]fect h>mony4 ,at ! op5+ ( ea* s*ool ye> at ,tuskegee ,i w\ld be among ! fir/ to get !re to beg9 my /udies4 ,i f\nd t1 9 ord] to rema9 at ,tuskegee1 /ud5ts _h to h a real purpose4 ,i _h "o1 & ,i ?9k s impress$ ! ,faculty be=e leav+ !re4 ,i did n h all smoo? sail+1 &1 at times1 ,i w\ld all b give up4 ,i 0 at ,tuskegee = six ye>s1 & ,i recall ^? ye>s ) mu* pleasure & satisfaction4 ,dur+ my /ay !re ,i made _m fri5ds1 & ,i c n refra9 f m5tion+ ! ,rev4 ,r4 ,c4 ,b$=d1 :o has help$ me 9 s _m ways2 ,mr4 ,w>r5 ,logan1 ! ,treasur] ( ! s*ool2 ,mrs4 ,f4 ,b4 ,?ornton1 ! ,matron1 :o took me z h] son1 & my de> fri5d1 ! f>m manag]1 ,mr4 ,c4 ,w4 ,gre5e4 ,_m o!rs 7 also v k9d to me4 ,i complet$ my c\rse ( /udy 9 #aijj4 ,by ?is "t ,mr4 ,b$=d _h secur$ a position = me at ,d5m>k1 ,s4 ,c41 z /5ograph] to ! pr9cipal1 ,miss ,elizabe? ,e4 ,wright1 a ,tuskegee graduate4 ,i did n hold ?is position v long be=e x 0 decid$ 9 a meet+ ( ! bo>d ( tru/ees to h me act z ! s*ool's treasur]4 ,on be+ ask$ to take ?is place1 ,i answ]$ t ,i w\ld d my be/4 ,i h n[ be5 "h s9ce ! fall ( ! ye> ( my graduation4 ,i l ! "w imm5sely4 ,a ^w ab\t ! s*ool3 ,x is kn[n z ! ,voorhees ,indu/rial ,s*ool1 & is locat$ 9 ! mid/ ( an ov]%ad[+ ,negro population4 ,x has j complet$ ! sev5? ye> ( its exi/5ce4 ,miss ,wright1 ! pr9cipal1 f\nd$ x on fai?4 ,%e is a delightfully spiritual woman1 & 0 at fir/ greatly oppos$ 9 h] ef=ts by bo? ! black & :ite p ( ?is section4 ,%e p]sev]$1 h[ev]1 & all ! p are n[ h] fri5ds4 ,h] "w "h has be5 b little %ort ( m>vel\s4 ,! pride ( ! gr\nds is a spl5didly arrang$ ,c5tral ,build+1 :i* co/ #c1jjj4 ,x conta9s (fices1 class-rooms1 & a *apel t w seat #fjj p]sons4 ,a l>ge build+ = girls1 co/+ #d1jjj1 has also be5 erect$4 ,a ,tuskegee graduate drew ! plans = bo? ( ^! build+s4 ,a b>n :i* co/ #hjj we h also be5 able to complete1 & are n[ us+4 ,9 our ,faculty1 9 addition to ,miss ,wright1 :o is ( ! ,class ( #aijd1 ,tuskegee ,in/itute1 we h six o!r ,tuskegee graduates3 a f>m sup]9t5d5t1 a c>p5t]1 a tea*] ( draw+1 a pr9cipal ( ! prim>y dep>tm5t1 a sew+ & cook+ tea*]1 a mill9]y tea*] & indu/rial help]1 & a treasur] & bookkeep]1 myself4 ,! day- & bo>d+-pupils numb] #cjj4 ,voorhees is "o ( ! sixte5 l>g] (f%oots ( ,tuskegee ,in/itute1 mann$ & controll$ by ,tuskegee graduates4 ,x is a *>t]$ ,/ate in/itution1 & has on its bo>d ( tru/ees :ite & color$ p]sons1 ,nor!rn & ,s\!rn4 ,"o ( its v be/ & mo/ helpful support]s & fri5ds is a ,s\!rn :ite man :o has help$ x 9 ways innum]able1 & has back$ x :5 ! c\rage ( all ( u has all b falt]$4 ,by precept & example ! s*ool is help+ ! black masses ( rural ,s\? ,c>ol9a to help !mselves4 ,! "w we d is f> diff]5t f t done by any o!r s*ool 9 ! ,/ate2 we provide ! way = our /ud5ts1 z at ,tuskegee1 because ( _! pov]ty1 to "w on ! f>m & 9 ! %ops dur+ ! day & att5d s*ool at night4 ,)\t ?is help mo/ ( !m w\ld be )\t any *ance to att5d s*ool4 ,our /ud5ts are le>n+ to dignify labor4 ,none h yet graduat$1 z our s*ool is "y & mo/ ( ^? :o come to u c n read or write a ^w4 ,!y are w(ully ignorant1 b s will+ to le>n1 s e>ne/1 & s p]sev]+4 ,dur+ ! la/ s*ool ye>1 #aijc-'jd1 we receiv$ f all s\rces #ah1caj4dc4 ,?is w give "s idea z to ! scope & importance ( our "w1 & ( my "w 9 disburs+ ?is l>ge sum z ! treasur] ( ! s*ool4 ,our pres5t prop]ty valuation is #be1jjj1 & consi/s ( #cjj acres ( l&1 #c l>ge build+s1 a l>ge b>n1 a s*oolh\se = prim>y *ildr51 #d cottages1 an indu/rial build+1 #aj mules1 #f horses1 #cj c[s1 #c wagons1 #c buggies1 etc41 all free f indebt$ness ( any "*4 ,we /ay out ( debt2 t = :i* we c n pay we d )\t4 ,we af=d in/ruction 9 ! foll[+ indu/ries3 ,f>m+ 9 its v>i\s bran*es1 %oemak+1 c>p5try1 cook+1 sew+1 h\sekeep+1 laund]+1 mill9]y 9 a small way1 pr9t+1 & blacksmi?+4 ,! tra9+ receiv$ at ,tuskegee has be5 ( s mu* help to me s9ce leav+ !re4 ,i made up my m9d aft] graduation t ,i w\ld urge my p>5ts & relatives to cease pay+ five & six bales ( cotton ea* ye> = r5t1 & in/ead take ! same am\nt ( cotton & buy a place ( _! own4 ,i am glad to say1 ?r\gh my ef=ts 9 ?is reg>d1 !y h be5 plac$ on a tract ( #afj acres ( good l&1 & x is practically paid =1 !y pay+ f\r bales ( cotton a ye>4 ,!y are do+ well & are mak+ some?+ = !mselves4 ,?is project seem$ a little /range to !m = ! fir/ two ye>s1 b !y are n[ us$ to x4 ,he t ha? a trade1 sai? ,frankl91 ha? an e/ate1 & he t ha? a call+1 ha? a place & honor4 ,s9ce be+ out 9 ! _w ,i h le>n$ n to wait = a high] position or a bett] sal>y1 & h /eadily s\ght to enl>ge ! ones ,i h _h4 ,i h tri$ to fill su* positions z ,i h _h z !y 7 nev] fill$ be=e1 by do+ bett] "w1 by be+ m prompt1 by be+ m ?or\gh1 m polite1 &1 9 fact1 ,i h fill$ !m s completely t no "o else c\ld slip 9 by me4 ,i h always laid great /ress on "w z a means ( develop+ p[]2 ,i am call$ by "s ( my fri5ds a fanatic on ?is subject4 ,my exp]i5ce at ,tuskegee taught me t our racial salvation is to come ?r\gh h>d1 e>ne/1 intellig5t1 s9c]e "w4 ,i owe a _w ( gratitude to ! ,tuskegee ,in/itute = ! tra9+ ,i receiv$ !re & = ! great "w x is do+ = ! ,negro p4 ,i repeat1 if ,i accompli% any?+ 9 life t is wor? :ile1 x w be due :olly to ! ,tuskegee ,in/itute1 to its (fic]s & tea*]s4 ,no true graduate ( ,tuskegee ev] =gets ! lessons le>n$ !re4 ,i am sure ,i %all n4 ,v ,,! ,,/ory ,,( ,a ,,f>m] ,,by ,,frank ,,reid ,i am glad to be able to give "s facts reg>d+ :at my bro!r ,d[ & ,i h be5 able to d s9ce leav+ ! ,tuskegee ,in/itute4 ,we did n graduate1 ,i am sorry to say1 b ! lessons giv5 u h n be5 =gott54 ,^! lessons />t$ u on ! way to our pres5t success4 ,i d n use ! ^w success boa/fully1 b because x really /ates a fact3 we h done mu* m ?an we ev] hop$ to d1 & h be5 ! means ( contribut+ 9 "s slight measure t[>d ! uplift+ ( ! imm$iate community ab\t u4 ,we are locat$ at a place call$ ,dawk9s1 n m ?an twelve miles f ! ,tuskegee ,in/itute1 & imm$iately )9 its sph]e ( influ5ce4 ,our "m & fa!r 7 born )9 a few miles ( :]e we n[ live4 ,bo? ( our p>5ts1 at ! "t ,i write1 are liv+1 & are ea* ab\t sixty-five ye>s ( age2 !y 71 = tw5ty-five ye>s ea*1 slaves4 ,nei!r c read or write4 ,my bro!r & ,i ea* sp5t ab\t ?ree ye>s at ,tuskegee1 &1 9 addition1 he att5d$ s*ool = two ye>s at ,talladega ,college4 ,i _h a v ?or\gh c\rse 9 c>p5try1 & my bro!r work$ on ! ,in/itute f>m4 ,we m>ri$ two si/]s1 ,susie & ,lillie ,h5don4 ,%ortly aft] my m>riage my belov$ wife ,susie di$1 leav+ me ) "o *ild4 ,my bro!r's wife /ill lives2 !y h ?ree *ildr54 ,until t5 ye>s ago we1 ) our fa!r1 7 r5t]s1 all ( u work+ toge!r4 ,b ! ,sunday ev5+ talks at ,tuskegee by ,pr9cipal ,wa%+ton1 & 8 urg5t insi/5ce1 at all times1 t ,tuskegee graduates & /ud5ts %\ld try to own l&1 l$ u to desire to improve our condition4 ,we 7 l>ge r5t]s1 h[ev]2 = tw5ty-?ree ye>s our fa!r & 8 relatives _h leas$ & work$ a tract ( #a1ajj acres ( l&1 hav+ leas$ x = t5 ye>s at a "t4 ,we /ill lease ?is tract1 &1 9 addition1 r5t an additional #dhj acres 9 ! same way1 t5 ye>s at a "t4 ,we subr5t tracts ( ?is total ( #a1ehj acres to ?irty t5ants1 *>g+ "o & "o-half bales ( cotton = ea* "o-horse f>m4 ,we pay tw5ty-?ree bales = ! r5t ( ! #a1ehj acres4 ,my bro!r & ,i run a sixte5-horse f>m1 do+ mu* ( ! "w ourselves & pay+ wages to ^? :o "w = u4 ,a numb] ( o!rs also "w = u on halves--t is1 we provide ! l&1 furni% ! se$s1 tools1 mules1 fe$ ! mules1 & equally divide :atev] is rais$4 ,?is is l>gely done 9 all ! c\ntry di/ricts ( ! ,s\?4 ,ab\t t5 ye>s ago we b\ght 9 our own "r our fir/ l&1 #cbj acres4 ,s9ce t "t we h acquir$ by pur*ase ano!r tract conta9+ #bhe acres4 ,! fir/ tract we paid = 9 two ye>s2 ! o!r is also paid =4 ,! total ( #fje acres1 ,i am glad to say1 is )\t incumbrance ( any k9d4 ,! foll[+ /atem5ts may give "s idea z to :at we h be5 able to d s9ce leav+ ,tuskegee3 ,dur+ ! ye> #aijd alone1 we paid out #e1jjj1 cov]+ debts on l&1 f]tiliz]s1 & money borr[$ ) :i* to c>ry our ?irty t5ants4 ,we own sixte5 mules & horses1 f\rte5 head ( cattle1 ?irty hogs1 & h absolutely no indebt$ness ( any "*4 ,my bro!r ,d[ lives 9 a good ?ree-room h\se4 ,my fa!r & ,i live 9 a good six-room h\se1 ) a l>ge1 airy hall1 & kit*52 x co/ u to build1 #a1ejj4 ,illu/ration3 ,a ,,silo ,,on ,,! ,,f>m4 ,/ud5ts fill+ x ) fodd] corn1 /eam-p[] be+ us$4 ,we conduct a l>ge g5]al /ore1 ) ev]y?+ c>ri$ 9 a c\ntry /ore ( ?is k9d4 ,! color$ ,odd ,fell[s use ! hall above our /ore = _! meet+s4 ,! ,gov]nm5t po/-(fice is locat$ 9 our /ore1 & "h all ( ! surr\nd+ community come = _! mail4 ,our /ore does a l>ge ye>ly bus9ess av]ag+ ab\t #e1jjj4 ,we h a /eam-g9 & gri/-mill4 ,we g9 ab\t #ejj bales ( cotton a season = ourselves & o!rs liv+ ne>2 ( ! #aej bales got f ! l& own$ & r5t$ by u1 #ajj are ours1 ! o!r #ej belong to our t5ants4 ,we raise l>ge quantities ( corn1 potatoes1 & peas1 9 addition to our cotton crop4 ,we are n[ try+ to pur*ase ! #dhj acres we h be5 s long r5t+4 ,! *ur* & ! s*oolh\se are on f\r acres ( l& imm$iately adjo9+ ours4 ,! *ur* is roomy1 well-seat$1 ceil$ & pa9t$1 9 /rik+ contra/ ) mo/ ( ^? 9 ! c\ntry di/ricts ( ! ,s\?4 ,! s*oolh\se has two rooms1 & is b p>tially ceil$1 ?\gh x is nicely wea!r-bo>d$4 ,! s*ool is regul>ly conduct$ = five mon?s ea* ye>1 & "p ( ! "t has two tea*]s4 ,mr4 ,j4 ,c4 ,call[ay1 a ,tuskegee graduate1 ,class ( '#if1 is pr9cipal ( ! s*ool4 ,we are coop]at+ ) ,mr4 ,call[ay 9 an ef=t to supplem5t ! s*ool funds & secure an additional two mon?s4 ,we help$ pay = ! l&1 & gave a "p ( ! money t[>d ! s*oolh\se1 & h done all possible to help1 keep+ 9 m9d ,pr9cipal ,wa%+ton's (t-repeat$ /atem5t t x is ^u ! c\ntry public s*ools t ! masses ( ! race are dep5d5t = an education4 ,my bro!r & ,i1 ) our fa!r1 x w be not$1 own & r5t #b1ahe acres ( l&1 b we try to help our t5ants 9 e possible way1 &1 :5 !y desire x1 subr5t to !m su* tracts z !y desire = t5 ye>s1 or less4 ,we h e/abli%$ a blacksmi?-%op on our l&1 & d all our own "w & mo/ ( t ( ! :ole community4 ,rev4 ,rob]t ,c4 ,b$=d1 secret>y ( ! bo>d ( tru/ees1 ,tuskegee ,in/itute1 "s "t ago visit$ u1 z he does mo/ ( ! ,tuskegee graduates & =m] /ud5ts4 ,he is appris$ ( ! correctness ( ! /atem5ts set =? above4 ,he wrote ! foll[+ mu*-appreciat$ complim5t to a fri5d reg>d+ our homes & ourselves3 ,! homes ( ! ,reid bro!rs are v nicely furni%$ ?r\gh\t4 ,ev]y?+ is well kept & v ord]ly4 ,! b$spreads are /rik+ly :ite1 & ! rooms--?\gh ,i call$ :5 n expect$--7 9 ! v be/ ( ord]4 ,?is fur!r /atem5t may n be amiss3 ,"u ! guidance ( ! ,tuskegee influ5ces1 ! annual ,tuskegee ,negro ,conf]5ces1 ! visits ( ,tuskegee tea*]s1 etc41 ! importance ( l&-buy+ 0 e>ly br\ght to our att5tion1 b because ( ! crude & inexp]i5c$ labor]s ab\t u1 we f\nd t we c\ld1 ) advantage to all1 r5t l>ge tracts ( l&1 subr5t to o!rs1 & 9 ?is way pay no r5t ourselves1 z ^! subr5t]s did t = u4 ,we c\ld 9 ?is way also escape pay+ taxes1 insurance1 & o!r exp5ses t naturally foll[4 ,we c\ld1 z _m :ite f>m]s d1 hire wage h&s at f #g4ej to #aj a mon?1 ) rations1 or arrange to h !m "w on halves1 z ,i h already describ$4 ,b at la/ we yield$ to ! con/ant p\nd+ receiv$ at ,tuskegee :5ev] we w\ld g ov]1 t we ought to own l& = ourselves2 & !n1 too1 x occurr$ to me t we might n always h ! same :ole-s\l$ man to deal )1 & t t]ms might be made mu* h>d]4 ,my bro!r & fa!r agre$1 & we set ab\t to pur*ase ! fir/ #cbj acres4 ,z ,i fe>$1 r5tal values h increas$2 =m]ly we r5t$ ! #a1ajj acres = ?ree bales ( cotton2 n[ we give sixte5 bales = ! same l&4 ,my bro!r1 our fa!r1 & ,i h work$ toge!r f ! beg9n+4 ,we h _h no disputes or diff]5ces2 we h work$ on ! basis ( a common prop]ty int]e/4 ,we h enc\rag$ ! p ( our community z mu* z possible to secure homes1 buy l&s1 live dec5tly1 & be somebody4 ,! foll[+ are "s typical examples ( ?rift & indu/ry 9 ! community ab\t u3 ,turn] ,moore owns #baj acres ( l& adjo9+ ours4 ,he 0 born ne> :]e he lives & 0 ov] tw5ty-five ye>s a slave4 ,he has #aa mules & horses & rais$ #fe bales ( cotton la/ ye>4 ,8 prop]ty is all paid =4 ,8 bro!r1 ,moses ,moore1 also has #fe acres1 all paid =1 & ,reub5 ,moore1 a nephew1 owns #bab acres1 all paid =4 ,_! f>ms jo94 ,james ,:itl[1 fa!r-9-law ( ,mr4 ,j4 ,c4 ,call[ay1 ! tea*] ref]r$ to1 owns #a1acg acres 9 "o body1 only ab\t two miles f our place4 ,x is all paid =1 & ! de$s are all record$ at ! ,macon ,c\nty ,c\r?\se4 ,he 0 born "r :]e he n[ lives1 & 0 twelve ye>s old :5 fre$4 ,mr4 ,:itl[ r5ts a g91 b w own "o ( 8 own ?is ye>4 ,he also c>ries on a /ore4 ,he has #bj t5ants1 :o w raise ov] #ajj bales ( cotton ?is ye> toge!r4 ,he has rais$ ov] #cj himself4 ,he has #bj mules1 #c horses1 #cj head ( cattle1 & ab\t #ge hogs4 ,he does n owe a nickel4 ,8 taxes are #fj p] ye>4 ,he has a v good f\r-room h\se1 besides a kit*54 ,mr4 ,:itl[ has f\rte5 *ildr51 t5 boys & f\r girls1 :o g to s*ool on our place4 ,he himself c n read or write1 b he helps ! s*ool & *ur*4 ,j4 ,c4 ,call[ay 0 born ne> u4 ,he graduat$ f ,tuskegee1 & has cont9u$ to "w ne> 8 old home4 ,he m>ri$ ,james ,:itl['s daught]4 ,he has a v good two-room frame h\se4 ,mr4 ,:itl[ gave !m #dj acres ( l&1 & he is try+ to buy an additional #ajj acres4 ,he rais$ #ag bales ( cotton ?is ye> & #aej bu%els ( corn4 ,he has #d horses & mules & #g head ( cattle1 besides hogs1 *ick5s1 etc4 ,he is v highly ?\ght ( 9 8 s*ool "w1 & is successful z a f>m]4 ,i believe we are do+ well4 ,our community is rat$ high1 & ,i %all nev] fail to praise ,tuskegee = />t+ u 9 ! way we are go+4 ,,vi ,,! ,,/ory ,,( ,a ,,c>p5t] ,,by ,,gabriel ,b4 ,,mill] ,! plantation on :i* ,i 0 born 9 #ahge is locat$ ne> ,pleasant ,hill1 ,ga4 ,at t "t ,pleasant ,hill 0 tw5ty miles f any railroad1 & ,i did n see a railroad tra9 till ,i 0 twelve ye>s ( age4 ,i liv$ on a plantation on :i* m ?an two hundr$ m5 & wom5 work$ = ! own]4 ,! *ildr5 _h no especial educational opportunities4 ,few ( !m 7 ev5 p]mitt$ to att5d ! make%ift public s*ool locat$ ne>4 ,= six mon?s only1 ( ! twelve ye>s my fa!r liv$ on t plantation1 did ,i att5d any s*ool1 & t a small "o taught by a ,s\!rn :ite woman :o _h own$ my fa!r4 ,:5 ,i 0 twelve ye>s ( age my fa!r mov$ f ! plantation on :i* he _h be5 work+ on %>es & r5t$ l& :i* he & 8 family cultivat$4 ,soon !re 7 ?irte5 *ildr5 9 8 family1 ( :i* numb] ,i 0 ! second4 ,9 ,decemb]1 #ahib1 ,i drove a wagon ) two bales ( cotton to a little ,georgia t[n4 ,:ile wait+ = ! wagon prec$+ me to move (f ! scales on :i* ! cotton 0 weigh$1 ,i he>d a color$ man1 :o _h he>d ( ,tuskegee ,in/itute1 tell+ ( its advantages1 & he q gl[+ly rec\nt$ ! glories ( ! place z !y _h be5 relat$ to him4 ,z he proce$$ he in=m$ ^? ga!r$ ab\t him t at ?is s*ool a boy c\ld "w 8 way if p]*ance he c\ld rea* ! in/itution4 ,i got ne>] to him & he>d & treasur$ e ^w he said4 ,especially did ,i rememb] 8 /atem5t t he _h be5 in=m$ t "s ( ! boys graduat+ f !re _h n paid a s+le c5t 9 ca% = _! education1 hav+ work$ x all out4 ,:5 ,i rea*$ home t night ,i told my fa!r ( :at ,i _h he>d4 ,= ?ree successive ye>s our crops _h fail$ & my fa!r 0 m ?an #ejj 9 debt4 ,! prospect ( int]e/+ him 9 any project t meant ! exp5diture ( money 0 disc\rag+1 b an eag] desire to secure an education l$ me to make him a proposition1 viz43 t he %\ld p]mit me dur+ ! next ye>1 #ahic1 to h full & complete *>ge ( ! f>m1 & if ,i succe$$ 9 settl+ all ( 8 indebt$ness ,i 0 to be releas$ to att5d s*ool at ,tuskegee1 provid$ ,i c\ld secure admittance1 :e!r he cle>$ any money or n4 ,?is proposition my fa!r readily agre$ to4 ,he sympa?iz$ ) my ambitions1 b ! heavy burd5 ( c>ry+ a l>ge family ) %ort-crop returns dw>f$ :atev] good int5tions he might h4 ,on ! fir/ ( ,janu>y1 #ahic1 ^? ( ! family :o c\ld "w jo9$ me 9 />t+ e>ly & work+ late dur+ ! :ole ( ! ye>4 ,we ran a two-horse f>m4 ,f t ye>'s "w we ga!r$ #be bales ( cotton1 #hjj bu%els ( corn1 #cjj bu%els ( c[-peas1 #bej gallons ( sug>-cane sirup1 #e wagon-loads ( pumpk9s1 a great am\nt ( hay & fodd]1 & pick$ at night = neighbors ab\t u1 :ite & black1 #be bales ( cotton4 ,we _h r5t$ two mules & ! wagon us$ t ye>1 b n[ at ! close b\ght two y\ng]1 /rong] mules & a new wagon & paid ca% = ! :ole outfit4 ,we settl$ our indebt$ness ) ev]ybody1 & my fa!r1 :o _h e>ne/ly work$ "u my sup]vision along ) ! o!rs1 0 v1 v happy4 ,( c\rse1 we _h a v small balance left--n en\gh to be ( any s]vice to me 9 keep+ me 9 s*ool except ,i %\ld be all[$ to help myself by work+4 ,aft] lay+ ! crops by ,i made home-made baskets dur+ ! summ] & sold !m1 realiz+ ab\t #af4 ,9 "o ye> ,i _h accompli%$ a task my fa!r ?\ght impossible ( accompli%m5t4 ,he religi\sly kept 8 ^w1 & 0 z en?usia/ic ab\t my gett+ (f to s*ool z ,i 04 ,i _h n[ le>n$ m ( ! ,tuskegee ,in/itute1 & 0 impati5t to rea* !re4 ,o!rs1 too1 became eag] & en?usia/ic1 & s :5 ,i />t$1 ,janu>y #ai1 #ahid1 x 0 a r$-lett] ev5t 9 our little community4 ,i left home ) only ! #af ,i _h sav$ f ! sale ( my baskets4 ,! next morn+ aft] rea*+ ,tuskegee ,i 0 pilot$ to ! ,pr9cipal's (fice & my recomm5dations reque/$4 ,i 0 puzzl$4 ,i did n "k :at 0 want$4 ,i _h n foll[$ ! usual r\t9e & writt5 = p]mission to ent] z /ud5ts are requir$ to d1 b _h gone ahead1 ?9k+ ! pres5tation ( myself all t w\ld be necess>y4 ,i _h no recomm5dations1 b mu/]$ c\rage en\gh to ask = a trial be=e be+ refus$4 ,my reque/ 0 grant$1 & ,i became a /ud5t--pr\d ev5t 9 my life6--( ! fam\s ,tuskegee ,normal & ,indu/rial ,in/itute4 ,i _h always want$ to be a c>p5t]2 z long ago z ,i c rememb] ?is 0 my ambition1 b :5 c>ri$ to ! (fice ( ! director ( indu/ries he refus$ to assign me to "w !re1 z t division 0 fill$1 b assign$ me in/ead to ! sawmill+ division4 ,i 0 n angry1 ( c\rse4 ,i 0 too glad to be at ,tuskegee2 b ,i 0 bitt]ly disappo9t$1 especially aft] ,i _h se5 ! c>p5t] %op1 "s ( ! "w ( ! "y m51 & ! impos+ build+s on :i* !y _h be5 & 7 work+4 ,i 0 promis$ ! fir/ vacancy1 & t tempor>ily eas$ my sorr[4 ,a vacancy did n occur = "o & a half ye>s4 ,9 ! meantime ,i _h become reconcil$1 & _h work$ z e>ne/ly z ,i c\ld to please ! in/ructor 9 sawmill+4 ,i tri$ to le>n all !re 0 to le>n 9 t division1 & at ! end ( t p]iod c\ld adju/ & run pr(ici5tly e ma*9e 9 ! sawmill+ division4 ,! s*ool cut !n1 z x does n[1 mo/ ( ! lumb] us$ 9 ! c>p5try division1 & effici5t /ud5ts 7 ne$$ & desir$4 ,my in/ructor 0 s well pleas$ ) my progress t he recomm5d$1 ov] my prote/1 to ! director ( indu/ries1 my ret5tion 9 ! division4 ,i _h kept s busily aft] ! director dur+ ^? eighte5 mon?s to all[ me to ent] ! %op t he c\ld n well refuse to grant my reque/ :5 a vacancy occurr$4 ,i 0 admitt$ to ! c>p5t] %op4 ,= five ye>s ,i 0 an appr5tice1 do+ "w ( e k9d4 ,i also took me*anical draw+ along ) c>p5try4 ,:5 ,i graduat$ 9 #aijj ,i receiv$ n only a diploma f ! academic dep>tm5t1 b a c]tificate f ! c>p5try division z well4 ,i _h improv$ e opportunity1 & _h a fair k ( ar*itectural z well z ( me*anical draw+4 ,?is latt] in/ruction ,i _h made a place = along ) my o!r /udies4 ,maj4 ,j4 ,b4 ,ramsey1 ! ,comm&ant1 _h be5 s well pleas$ ) my g5]al deportm5t t = ye>s ,i 0 commission$ by him to comm&1 z capta91 "o ( ! companies ( ! ,tuskegee ,in/itute battalion ( cadets4 ,?is _h pleas$ & enc\rag$ me v mu* inde$4 ,to my surprise1 ?ree mon?s be=e my graduation ,i 0 ask$ to rema9 9 ! employ ( ! ,tuskegee ,in/itute z "o ( ! assi/ant tea*]s 9 ! c>p5try division4 ,i _h contract$1 h[ev]1 to d "s "w at ,montgom]y1 ,ala41 & ,i c\ld n accept ! place (f]$4 ,i sp5t ab\t f\r mon?s work+ at my trade 9 ,montgom]y1 & 0 aga9 rem9d$ ( ! (f] made me at ,tuskegee4 ,i return$ to ,tuskegee1 b did n rema9 long1 z ! ,executive ,c\ncil ( ! ,in/itute recomm5d$ me1 :5 application 0 made = a compet5t man to take *>ge ( ! c>p5try division ( ! ,=t ,valley ,high & ,indu/rial ,s*ool1 ,=t ,valley1 ,ga4 ,! t]ms (f]$ 7 satisfactory & ,i accept$ ! position4 ,i began "w "h ,novemb] #i1 #aijj1 9 a %op #cj feet by #fj feet4 ,no tools & no "w-b5*es 7 provid$1 only a lot ( inexp]i5c$ boys to :om ,i 0 expect$ to tea* c>p5try4 ,i own$ a *e/ ( tools1 & ^! ,i us$ until ! s*ool c\ld secure "s4 ,i proce$$ at once to make "w b5*es1 & my boys _h _! fir/ lessons 9 c>p5try 9 provid+ ^!4 ,q (t5 visitors :o come to see u ask if ^! b5*es 7 n made at "s factory1 !y are s well made4 ,we next proce$$ to fit out a draw+-room1 z ,i int5d$ t my boys %\ld "w--z ,i _h be5 compell$ to d f ! v beg9n+ at ,tuskegee--f draw+s4 ,ev]y?+ ,i _h done !re _h to be c>efully work$ out 9 advance1 &1 kn[+ ! value ( t k9d ( ?+1 ,i did n want ^! boys to h any?+ less ?an ! k9d ( in/ruction ,i _h _h4 ,we made tables & desks = ! draw+-room2 next we ceil$ & f9i%$ twelve rooms 9 ! ma9 s*ool build+ t _h long be5 left unf9i%$4 ,all ( ! "w pleas$ ! au?orities ( ! s*ool1 ,i h reason to "k4 ,ne> ! close ( my fir/ t]m at ,=t ,valley x 0 decid$ to erect a dormitory build+ = girls4 ,i 0 ask$ to submit plans & specifications4 ,my tra9+ z a c>p5t] at ,tuskegee _h fitt$ me = j t k9d ( ?+1 & ,i set ab\t design+ a build+ t w\ld meet ! requirem5ts ( ! "y wom5 att5d+ ,=t ,valley4 ,my plans 7 f9ally accept$1 & ,i ?\ght to g on ) ! erection ( ! build+ dur+ ! summ]1 z _h be5 plann$2 b "o or two ( ! build+ committee began to object1 urg+ t ,i 0 too "y1 t ,i _h n _h en\gh exp]i5ce1 & t a build+ ( t quality %\ld be erect$ by a build] ( prov$ reputation4 ,aft] mu* delay ,i 0 p]mitt$ to proce$4 ,i began ) t5 gre5 boys1 & !y1 "u my direction z ,i work$ side by side ) !m1 did all ( ! "w except ! hang+ ( ! w9d[-sa%es1 doors1 etc4 ,i _h outside help 9 do+ ?is "p ( ! f9i%+4 ,! build+ is a real pride to all ( u "h4 ,x is #cf feet by #gh feet1 #b-a_/b /ories high1 has #bb sleep+-rooms1 a spl5didly arrang$ d9+-room1 #cf feet by #cf feet1 & co/ #c1bjj4 ,no "o1 h]eab\ts at lea/1 n[ d\bts t ,i c build any?+ ,i say ,i c4 ,i am glad t s soon aft] beg9n+ ! "w "h ,i 0 able to prove ! claims ( my ,tuskegee in/ructors z to my fitness = ! position = :i* !y _h recomm5d$ me4 ,un=tunately1 be=e ,i _h complet$ ! dormitory = girls1 a fire de/roy$ our ma9 s*ool build+ ) ! cont5ts4 ,?is fire left u )\t class-rooms4 ,we took refuge 9 ! ,c>p5t] ,%op1 & held classes !re until money 0 secur$ ) :i* to build a tra9+-s*ool = ! l[] grades4 ,?is latt] build+ ,i also put up entirely ) /ud5t labor4 ,x conta9s ?ree l>ge rooms1 ea* #be feet by #cj feet4 ,! appo9tm5ts 9 e way accord ) approv$ hygi5ic laws4 ,dr4 ,wallace ,buttrick1 ,executive ,secret>y ( ! ,g5]al ,education ,bo>d1 spoke complim5t>ily ( ! build+ :5 he saw x1 z "o ( ! few 9 ! ,/ate he _h se5 t met all ! requirem5ts ( a class-room4 ,we 7 able to build x = #a1fjj4 ,ev5 dur+ ! con/ruction ( ! tra9+-s*ool ,i 0 draw+ ! plans = a l>ge brick build+ to replace ! "o burn$4 ,my plans 7 submitt$ to fri5ds ( ! "w 9 ! ,nor?1 & by ! "t we _h f9i%$ ! tra9+-s*ool we _h money en\gh to beg9 ! brickwork on ! new build+4 ,by ,april1 #aijc1 ! brickwork 0 complete1 & z we _h no additional money we 7 compell$ to all[ ! build+ to /& until ,june1 #aijd1 at :i* "t we 7 able to resume4 ,my boys did all ( ! woodwork1 did ! hod-c>ry+1 & mo/ ( ! unskill$ labor4 ,! build+ co/ #h1jjj1 & is #hf feet #h in*es by #eb feet #h in*es 9 its dim5sions1 is #b-a_/b /ories high1 & has a deckle ro( ) dorm] w9d[s4 ,! *apel is on ! fir/ floor1 #f recitation-rooms on ! second floor1 & #ac sleep+-rooms = boys on ! "o-half ?ird-/ory floor4 ,a basem5t = /orage purposes1 #be feet by #ej feet1 is a great conv5i5ce4 ,( ! _m contractors & build]s :o h visit$ our s*ool-gr\nds none h fail$ to speak 9 praise ( ! design1 ! workman%ip1 ! /r5g?1 & ! relative relation to ea* o!r ( ! s*ool build+s ) reg>d to future additions4 ,i ne$ n add t ?is has be5 v pleas+ to me4 ,i 0 m>ri$ ,decemb] #i1 #aijd1 at ,atlanta1 ,ga41 to ,miss ,m>y ,e4 ,hobbs4 ,to me ,tuskegee has be5 all 9 all1 & ,i /ill rememb] ) gratitude ! man :o1 9 my he>+1 spoke s gl[+ly ( ! s*ool z ,i weigh$ my cotton 9 ! little ,georgia t[n away back 9 ,decemb]1 #ahib4 ,,vii ,,cotton-,,gr[+ ,,9 ,,africa ,,by ,,john ,w4 ,,rob9son ,z all autobiographical sket*es beg91 s d ,i beg9 ?is "o4 ,i 0 born 9 ,b5nettsville1 ,s4 ,c41 9 #ahgc4 ,nei!r ( my p>5ts c\ld write _! names2 b my fa!r c\ld read a little1 & taught me ! alphabet4 ,my pat]nal gr&fa!r 0 a slave ( "s intellig5ce4 ,he 0 a compet5t c>p5t]1 _h *>ge ( 8 ma/]'s saw- & gri/-mills1 & kept ! acc\nts ( ! two mills4 ,8 ma/]1 :o 0 a memb] ( ! ,/ate ,legislature1 0 v k9d to him4 ,he all[$ him a portion ( ! sav+s f ^! indu/ries he 0 controll+1 & ev5 promis$ him 8 fre$om4 ,! latt] he delay$ s long t my gr&fa!r ran away4 ,he succe$$ 9 rea*+ ,*>le/on1 ,s4 ,c4 ,he _h secur$ a ticket & 0 ab\t to take passage = ,canada1 :5 he 0 captur$ & return$ to 8 ma/]'s home4 ,8 ma/] 0 att5d+ ! ,g5]al ,assembly ( ! ,/ate ( ,s\? ,c>ol9a1 & x became ! ov]se]'s duty to puni% ! return$ fugitive4 ,my gr&fa!r nev] recov]$ f ! effects ( ! brutal puni%m5t met$ out to him = d>+ to desire fre$om 9 8 own "r4 ,my fa!r 0 ! olde/ boy & ! second *ild 9 a family ( five4 ,he 0 a f>m] & a cobbl]4 ,at ! age ( tw5ty-sev5 he 0 m>ri$ to my "m4 ,i suppose ! hi/ory ( my "m's life w\ld be monoton\s & dull to _m e>s1 b ,i rememb] t ,i nev] grew tir$ ( he>+ h] relate its somb] happ5+s4 ,%e (t5 told u h[ h] gr&mo!r c\ld relate ! ?rill+ /ory ( h] capture on ,african soil & ( be+ br\ght to ,am]ica1 ( ! horrors ( ! passage1 & ( mu* else t ,i %all always rememb]4 ,aft] _! m>riage my p>5ts began f>m+ 9 ,b5nettsville1 ,m>lbor\gh ,c\nty1 ,s4 ,c41 ! place :]e ,i 0 born4 ,i rememb] mo/ vividly t two-room$ log cab9 :]e my p>5ts' t5 *ildr5 7 born-- ,l[ & little1 & black & old1 ,) *ildr5 z _m z x c\ld hold4 ,h[ev]1 my fa!r soon began work+ = wages1 & receiv$ #aj p] mon? & ! prov]bial rations--?ree p\nds ( meat & a peck ( meal p] week4 ,:at a f9anci] he mu/ h be51 = f t mean sum he manag$ to save #ej or #ge ea* ye>1 & ,i /ill *]i% ! memory ( h[ fondly ,i felt ^? crisp gre5-backs once a ye>4 ,he br\ght !m home e ,*ri/mas & all[$ ea* memb] ( ! family to feel !m--yes1 ev5 c>ess !m4 ,:5 ,i 0 ab\t n9e ye>s ( age ,i ent]$ ! public s*ool ( ! community1 :i* 0 9 session ab\t f\r mon?s 9 a ye>1 op5+ late 9 ! fall & go+ ?r\gh ! w9t]4 ,my p>5ts 7 s delight$ & gratifi$ at ! progress ,i made t ,i 0 occasionally privileg$ to sp5d "o mon? 9 ! subscription s*ool conduct$ ne> by dur+ ! summ]4 ,:5 ,i 0 f\rte5 ye>s ( age a great sorr[ visit$ our home4 ,my "m di$4 ,i (t5 wond] if any "o c realize :at x means to lose a "m )\t hav+ suff]$ t b]eavem5t4 ,my fa!r did n m>ry aga94 ,ab\t ?is "t ! au?orities op5$ a s*ool ne>] u ?an ! "o ,i _h be5 att5d+1 b ! tea*]s 7 usually v incompet5t & my progress 0 s]i\sly h9d]$4 ,! absorb+ desire ( my life _h be5 to "s day graduate f "s in/itution ( le>n+1 b ,i f\nd myself at eighte5 ye>s ( age f> f ! goal ( my ambition4 ,i became al>m$4 ,i realiz$ :at x w\ld mean to gr[ to manhood 9 ignorance2 ,i also knew t !re 7 sev5 *ildr5 y\ng] ?an ,i to be c>$ =4 ,i s]i\sly ?\ght ! matt] ov]4 ,i f9ally broa*$ x to my fa!r1 & he cons5t$ t ,i %\ld try to make a way = myself4 ,i r5t$ a small f>m1 tru/+ t by cultivat+ x ,i w\ld be able to cle> en\gh money to beg9 my education4 ,i began wrong1 = ,i _h 9 advance mortgag$ my crop4 ,i began ) #ge1 b :5 ! ye> clos$ ,i _h only #aj4 ,h[ev]1 my aspirations 7 n to be daunt$2 ,i 0 resolv$ on go+ to s*ool4 ,) ?is #aj ,i pur*as$ ! necess>y books1 paid my entrance fee1 & ent]$ ! village grad$ s*ool4 ,i 0 poorly clad1 & mu* ( ! "t 0 )\t food1 b ,i felt t ,i c\ld n ev5 ask my fa!r = assi/ance because ( 8 responsibility 9 c>+ = ! y\ng] *ildr54 ,i 0 con/ant1 h[ev]1 9 my endeavor to f9d "w1 & f9ally a companion & ,i succe$$ 9 gett+ an old f>mh\se ab\t ?ree miles f ! village 9 :i* to live4 ,9 a measure ?is suit$ me1 = ,i lov$ ! c\ntry4 ,! h\se 0 an old1 dilapidat$ "o1 & ,i d n see n[ h[ we /ood t fir/ sev]e w9t]2 b ?\gh ,i 0 9 rags & my food 0 (t5 roa/$ potatoes or peas ) a little salt1 ,i did n miss a s+le day's s*ool+ t ye>1 & great 0 my joy & satisfaction :51 at ! end ( ! ye>1 ,i /ood at ! head ( my class4 ,dur+ ?is "t ,i _h done su* "w 9 ! surr\nd+ neighborhood z c\ld be obta9$4 ,my ,saturdays & aft]noons 7 sp5t 9 splitt+ rails1 *opp+ wood1 driv+ g>d5 pal+s1 & do+ any o!r "w t w\ld enable me to exi/4 ,al?\gh ,i _h /9t$ myself & _h (t5 gone )\t food1 at ! end ( ! ye> ,i 0 #ab 9 debt4 ,b ?is 0 n suffici5t to make me despair4 ,:5 vacation came ,i imm$iately s\ght "w1 & ?\gh ,i 0 dilig5t 9 my application to x :5 ,i _h obta9$ x1 /eady employm5t 0 n to be _h4 ,my wages 7 nev] m ?an fifty c5ts a day1 b ,i (t5 receiv$ less4 ,= two ye>s ,i liv$ 9 ?is way4 ,at ! expiration ( t "t ,i decid$ t x w\ld b5efit me to ent] a high] in/itution ( le>n+4 ,i knew t ?is w\ld mean t ,i mu/ h m remun]ative employm5t4 ,by "s means my att5tion 0 direct$ to ! orange indu/ry ( ,florida1 & 9 ! summ] ( #ahid ,i regretfully left my companions & relatives1 w5t to ,del&1 ,fla41 & secur$ ! desir$ "w4 ,! w9t] prov$ to be an unusually cold "o1 & ! orange indu/ry 0 greatly h9d]$2 !re=e ,i 0 soon out ( employm5t1 & at ! season ( ! ye> :5 ,i mo/ ne$$ x4 ,i 0 n long idle1 h[ev]1 = ! v cause ( my loss ( "w op5$ ano!r av5ue2 ,i 0 kept busy *opp+ wood4 ,?\gh ,i w5t to ,florida p5niless1 at ! end ( six mon?s ,i _h sav$ #fj4 ,x 0 at ,del& t ,i le>n$ ( ! magnific5t opportunities af=d$ e>ne/ "y m5 & wom5 at ,tuskegee ,in/itute4 ,i at once made application to become a /ud5t4 ,t morn+ ,i did n "k t su* a s*ool exi/$2 t night1 :ile ,i slept1 ! ,s\!rn ,railway 0 be>+ my lett] ( application to ,mr4 ,wa%+ton4 ,my anxiety almo/ rea*$ fev]-heat dur+ ^? few int]v5+ days t ,i wait$ = an answ]1 & my joy 0 b\ndless :5 x came1 sett+ =? ! requirem5ts = admittance4 ,i s5t a portion ( ! money ,i _h sav$ to my fa!r4 ,) ! re/ ,i b\ght "s necess>y clo?+1 & left ,del& f> beh9d = ,tuskegee4 ,i %all always rememb] h[ little & insignificant ,i felt :5 ,i ent]$ ! s*ool-gr\nds & 0 told t all ^? build+s & all ^? acres ( gr\nd 7 a "p ( ! ,tuskegee ,in/itute4 ,i _h read ( x 9 ! circul> ( in=mation :i* 0 s5t me :5 ,i appli$ = admission1 b ! realization 01 to me1 almo/ ov]p[]+4 ,aft] pay+ my entrance fee & pur*as+ my s*ool-books ,i _h #ae left4 ,?us ,i began :at has prov$ to be a new life4 ,fifte5 doll>s 71 ( c\rse1 an inadequate sum ) :i* to pay my exp5ses ?r\gh ! day-s*ool1 & s ,i 0 p]mitt$ to ent] ! night-s*ool1 z s _m o!rs z poor z ,i _h done4 ,?is means t ,i 0 giv5 an opportunity to "w at "s indu/ry dur+ ! day & att5d classes at night4 ,i 0 n only receiv+ tra9+ at an indu/ry1 be+ provid$ ) food1 %elt]1 & fuel1 & receiv+ in/ruction at night1 b ,i 0 e>n+ en\gh ov] my bo>d to be plac$ to my cr$it 9 ! s*ool's treasury to help pay my bo>d :5 ,i %\ld ent] ! day-s*ool4 ,my fir/ t]m 0 sp5t at "w on ,m>%all ,f>m1 :]e ! great] "p ( ! s*ool's f>m+ 0 at t "t done4 ,:5 ,i ent]$ ,tuskegee ,i _h no ?\ght ( prep>+ myself = return+ to f>m life4 ,ev5 ! ^w f>m br\ght to my m9d visions ( dull1 h>d "w & drudg]y )\t com=ts4 ,i _h n be5 at ! ,tuskegee ,in/itute long1 h[ev]1 be=e ,i 0 l$ to "k t agriculture is ! v highe/ ( all indu/rial call+s4 ,i _h nev] kn[n t agriculture _h s _m subdivisions1 t soils c\ld be analyz$ & treat$1 t rotation ( crops enri*$ ! soil1 t a c]ta9 crop plant$ season aft] season on ! same soil made x poor1 because x 0 ridd+ x ( "s life-giv+ *emical4 ,to me soils simply wore out4 ,b ?r\gh lectures & practical exp]im5ts my agricultural horizon began to exp&1 & a s5se ( ! beauty ( ! indu/ry grew ^u me4 ,x 0 to me a m>vel\s ?+ to g into ! dairy & take milk b rec5tly milk$1 p\r x into ! ,%>pless ,sep>ator1 set ! ma*9e 9 motion1 & behold a /ream ( ri*1 sweet cream fl[ f "o av5ue ( escape1 :ile a foamy jet ( milk pass$ f ano!r4 ,!re1 too1 ,i le>n$ *eese-mak+ & butt]-mak+4 ,my s*ool life 0 fill$ ) difficulties because ( f9ancial emb>rassm5ts4 ,i 0 "o ( ! competitors 9 ! fir/ ,tr9ity ,*ur* 7,bo/on7 ,prize ,conte/1 f\nd$ at ! s*ool by ,dr4 ,e4 ,w9*e/] ,donald1 successor ( ,phillips ,brooks1 & rector ( ,tr9ity until 8 dea?1 & ,i rememb] t ,i 0 greatly discomfit$ because ! socks ,i wore _h no feet 9 !m1 & my %oes _h t aft]noon be5 sew$ ) ?read black5$ ) soot4 ,h[ev]1 ,i 0 ! successful conte/ant1 ! fir/ w9n] ( ! prize ( #be4 ,! next day ,i provid$ myself ) new %oes & socks4 ,i also receiv$ my diploma t same ye>1 #ahig1 )9 two days ( receiv+ ! prize1 & 0 v happy to receive x & ! diploma at ! same "t4 ,two summ]s & "o w9t] aft] graduat+ ,i taught s*ool at ,mamie1 ,ala4 ,:5 ,i 0 n tea*+ ,i work$ on ! f>m ( ! family ) :i* ,i bo>d$4 ,= ?is "w ,i receiv$ v little pay1 b ,i _h be5 taught at ,tuskegee t x 0 bett] to "w = no?+ ?an to be idle--a ,book] ,t4 ,wa%+ton precept4 ,! second w9t] ,i 0 fir/ assi/ant 9 ! ,oz>k city s*ool1 ,oz>k1 ,ala41 & 0 (f]$ ! pr9cipal%ip = ! next t]m1 b ,i decl9$ 9 ord] to fur!r pursue po/graduate /udies 9 agriculture at ,tuskegee4 ,i rema9$ !re = six mon?s4 ,i !n w5t ,we/1 to ,rock=d1 ,ill41 to d practical "w 9 t section = ! purpose ( /r5g!n+ & improv+ ! !ory & practise already le>n$4 ,x 0 h>ve/+ season & ,i soon secur$ "w4 ,i put all my en]gy into ! "w ( ! rugg$ ,we/]n f>m & succe$$ admirably 9 foll[+ ! ?re%+-ma*9e1 9 husk+ corn1 & 9 do+ ! o!r f>m labors common to ,we/]n fall & w9t] seasons4 ,my fir/ f\r mon?s 7 sp5t on ! f>m ( a wid[4 ,aft] ! h>ve/+ 0 ov] %e (f]$ me ! f>m1 ) its implem5ts1 b>ns1 horses1 & dairy h]d1 if ,i w\ld rema9 & pay h] c]ta9 p]c5tages ( ! pr(its1 b ,i told h] t ,i 0 only a /ud5t 9 se>* ( k4 ,! next spr+ ,i secur$ "w ) a v progressive ,iri%man4 ,he 0 a f>m]1 z well z secret>y & treasur] ( a mod]n cream]y & butt] factory4 ,?is "w ,i pref]r$1 because x 0 along my *os5 l9e1 & ( a v high grade4 ,= "o ye> ,i work$ 9 ?is e/abli%m5t1 & 0 n abs5t f duty ev5 "o day4 ,my employ] once said to me t he _h he>d & also read t ,negroes 7 lazy1 %iftless1 & untru/wor?y4 ,he _h n come into contact ) en\gh ,negroes to draw 8 own conclusions1 s he ask$ me if !re 7 m l me4 ,i told him t ,i did n consid] myself an exception1 b t ,i _h _h ! advantages ( sup]ior tra9+ at ,tuskegee4 ,he did n "k be=e t ,i 0 a ,tuskegee graduate4 ,he seem$ surpris$ to "k t a graduate w\ld "w z a common f>m-h&4 ,he said he _h f\nd no :ite ones :o w\ld4 ,i !n expla9$ to him t ,i 0 seek+ a compreh5sive k ( f>m+ conditions ,nor? & ,s\?4 ,i value t ye> on ^? ,we/]n f>ms next to my tra9+ at ,tuskegee4 ,i 0 plann+ to return to ! ,s\? & />t a f>m ( my own1 :5 ,i 0 ask$ by ,mr4 ,wa%+ton to jo9 a company ( ,tuskegee "y m5 :o 7 want$ to g to ,africa = ! purpose ( exp]im5t+ 9 cotton-gr[+ "u ! ,g]man ,gov]nm5t4 ,x 0 a call ,i c\ld n resi/4 ,"h 0 a *ance = ! l>ge/ possible usefulness4 ,"h ,i c\ld h a "p 9 a monum5tal und]tak+1 & ,i gladly agre$ to g4 ,! wages (f]$ 7 flatt]+1 & all exp5ses 9 connection ) ! trip 7 borne by ! ,kolonial ,komittee ( ! ,g]man ,gov]nm5t4 ,! ,executive ,c\ncil ( ! ,in/itute select$ ,%eph]d ,l4 ,h>ris1 ,all5 ,l4 ,burks1 & myself1 all graduates ( ! s*ool1 & ,mr4 ,james ,n4 ,call[ay1 a memb] ( ! ,faculty1 :o _h _h *>ge ( ! s*ool's l>ge/ f>m1 & :o 0 select$ to head ! exp$ition4 ,we sail$ f ,new ,york on ,novemb] #c1 #aijj1 & rea*$ ,togo by way ( ,hamburg on ,decemb] #ca1 #aijj4 ,lat] five additional ,tuskegee /ud5ts jo9$ u1 b ( ! orig9al p>ty ,i am ! only "o left4 ,a report ( ! beg9n+s ( our "w 0 publi%$ aft] two ye>s1 ) elaborate illu/rations to commemorate :at we _h be5 able to accompli%4 ,samples ( ! cotton made into hose & v>i\s o!r articles 7 di/ribut$ among ^? int]e/$ 9 ! success ( ! exp]im5t4 ,t report may be secur$ f ! ,kolonial-,wirts*aftli*es ,komittee1 ,b]l91 ,g]many4 ,n long s9ce ,i s5t to ,pr9cipal ,wa%+ton a summ>y ( ! "w we h be5 try+ to d4 ,he regul>ly insi/s t ,tuskegee graduates %all s5d him reports ( :at !y are do+1 & my lett] to him 0 9 response to t reque/4 ,we keep 9 t\* ) ,tuskegee & its "w aft] leav+ ! in/itution ?r\gh a correspond5ce priz$ by e graduate ( ! s*ool4 ,! summ>y ,i include "h1 z x may be ( int]e/ to ! read]3 ,at ! outset x 0 v difficult to excite any int]e/ at all 9 our "w on ! "p ( ! natives4 ,= "s reason !y mi/ru/ e proposition made !m by a =eign]1 & 9 ! beg9n+ !y w\ld n ev5 accept ! gift ( cotton-se$s f u4 ,!y claim$ t if !y %\ld accept our se$s we w\ld come aga9 & claim our own ) usury4 ,_m ( ! ,europeans "h said t ! natives w\ld nev] become int]e/$ 9 ! movem5t4 ,b we work$ on1 & n[ already 9 ! f>m+ di/ricts are hundr$s ( native cotton f>ms4 ,n[ !y no long] mi/ru/ u1 b !y come & ask = cotton-se$s1 & a cons]vative e/imate places ! incom+ native h>ve/ ne> ! ?\s&-bale m>k4 ,( c\rse ! native me?ods are v irrational4 ,!y cultivate _! cotton altoge!r z a second>y crop4 ,b we are cont5t1 at ! beg9n+1 to let !m cultivate 9 _! own way4 ,we f9d di/ribut$ ?r\gh ! colony n less ?an ?ree di/9ct species ( cotton1 ) "s hybrids & v>ieties2 b none ( ^! are indig5\s1 &1 hav+ be5 left 9 a neglect$ /ate = c5turies1 are consequ5tly n f> remov$ f nature & are n s remun]ative :5 put "u ev5 ! be/ culture4 ,! se$s import$ f ,am]ica are n able to survive ! greatly *ang$ conditions ( climate4 ,"h is our greate/ ob/acle4 ,our c\rse 0 pla94 ,if we did n h a plant t exactly suit$ u1 we _h to make x4 ,! production ( a comm]cial plant is v important4 ,our pres5t dome/ic se$s w yield ab\t f\r hundr$ p\nds ( se$-cotton p] acre1 & ! "* ( ! fruit & ! arrangem5t ^u ! /alk make x v exp5sive to h>ve/4 ,besides1 ! /alk gr[s too mu* to a tree & is n prolific proportionately1 & ! quality ( ! l9t is equal to ,am]ican middl+4 ,we are try+ to develop a plant t w yield #a1jjj p\nds ( se$-cotton to ! acre1 ) a l9t equal 9 quality to fully good middl+ or to ,all5's #a-g_/h-;in* /aple4 ,n[ suppose we succe$ 9 mak+ ?is plant z ,i h above outl9$2 ! #d1jjj acres "u cultivation w\ld !n at lea/ produce #b1jjj bales ( se$-cotton :]e !y n[ produce b #a1jjj bales4 ,we c see h[ greatly ! annual income ( ! natives w be increas$4 ,su* a plant is =?com+4 ,?r\gh selection & cross+ ( ,am]ican & native cottons we h obta9$ a new v>iety1 :i* is satisfactory 9 e prim>y respect4 ,x is m h>dy ?an ! av]age ,am]ican plant & fifty p] c5t m productive ?an ! av]age native plant4 ,a sample ( ! l9t ( ?is new1 w\ld-be v>iety 0 submitt$ to ! ,*amb] ( ,comm]ce 9 ,b]l91 & x 0 pron\nc$ good 9 e way1 & br\ght 9 ,janu>y1 #aijd1 ab\t tw5ty c5ts a p\nd4 ,!re is "o feature t ,i w\ld l to speak ab\t be=e ,i h done ) ! subject1 because ,i "k x w please y4 ,9 "o ( ! lett]s y wrote me "s "t ago y advis$ me to labor e>ne/ly1 quietly1 & sob]ly1 dis*>g+ my duty 9 ! way t w\ld ev5tually make me "o ( ! mo/ influ5tial p]sons 9 ! community4 ,be+ fai?ful 9 small ?+s is "o ( ! fundam5tal pr9ciples ( ,tuskegee1 & is :at ,i am able to d )\t ev5 /riv+4 ,x has become natural = me to be fai?ful1 x matt]s n h[ small or insignificant ! s]vice4 ,i f9d myself to-day possess+ mu* influ5ce 9 ! "w 9 :i* ,i am n[ engag$4 ,9 ord] to make secure ! "w begun & to insure a normal & well-balanc$ progress = ! future1 x 0 recomm5d$ to in/itute1 along ) ! pres5t und]tak+1 :at ,i am pleas$ to call ,a ,cotton-,s*ool & ,plant-,bre$+ ,/ation4 ,at ?is s*ool are ga!r$ "y m5 f all ov] ! colony1 :o come = a two-ye>s' c\rse 9 mod]n me?ods ( f>m+4 ,! boys are to be taught "s ( ! simple rules & practises ( agriculture4 ,! boys are #de 9 numb]1 repres5t+ ! mo/ intellig5t classes2 ! /ation consi/s ( #bej acres ( l&1 #h ox51 #b asses1 #a horse1 f>m implem5ts1 cotton-g91 press1 etc4 ,su* an in/itution appe>$ to me necess>y to ! heal?y progress ( ! und]tak+4 ,!re w soon be 9 op]ation #c g9n+- & press+-/ations run by /eam-p[]1 besides a doz5 or m h&-g9s4 ,?is1 ,i believe1 tells ! :ole /ory4 ,my heal? is v good4 ,i hope y w write me (t51 because y\r lett]s are always s int]e/+ & helpful4 ,t my life has be5 z useful & successful z x has is due to ! tra9+ & inspiration receiv$ at ,tuskegee ,in/itute1 p]haps n s mu* to ! agricultural dep>tm5t1 = ,i did n f9i% t c\rse1 b to ! g5]al awak5+ & /imulat+ influ5ce :i* p]meates & is a "p ( ! tra9+ ( ,tuskegee /ud5ts4 ,& n[ :ile ,i write1 & daily z ,i "w1 ,i am prompt$ on to bett] & /rong] ef=ts because ( ! ,tuskegee 9 embryo t looms be=e me4 ,& z ,i ?9k1 & "w1 & write1 ,i am gratifi$ because ( ! assurance t ,i am only "o ( t increas+ ho/ ^: loyal he>ts & useful lives %all make ,tuskegee live =ev]4 ,,viii ,,! ,,/ory ,,( ,a ,,tea*] ,,( ,,cook+ ,,by ,,m>y ,l4 ,,dotson ,i graduat$ ) ! ,class ( #aijj1 ,tuskegee ,in/itute4 ,x 0 ! culm9ation ( an ev5t to :i* my "m & ,i _h long look$ =w>d4 ,i 0 born 9 #ahgi1 9 a small c\ntry village 9 ! s\?we/]n "p ( ,alabama4 ,my "m 0 ! exceptional color$ woman ( our community4 ,%e 0 a dressmak] & tailoress & _h all ! "w %e c\ld d4 ,%e own$ h] own home1 a q com=table "o1 & e>n$ cont9u\sly f h] "w a tidy sum ( money4 ,i h always c\nt$ myself =tunate to h _h su* a home & su* a "m4 ,v few ( ! color$ p ab\t u own$ _! own homes2 ! village s*ool 0 a poor make%ift1 & x 0 9 session only two to f\r mon?s 9 a ye>--t is1 :5 "s "o c\ld be secur$ to tea* x = ! v small sal>y paid4 ,bo? my fa!r & "m _h great respect = educationally equipp$ p1 & desir$ t _! *ildr5 %\ld h ! opportunity to secure educational advantages4 ,!y tri$ 9 e possible way to int]e/ ! p 9 _! own welf>e1 at lea/ to ! ext5t ( supplem5t+ ! meag] public-s*ool fund1 s z to provide dec5t educational facilities = ! *ildr54 ,?is ef=t fail$4 ,my "m _h a room add$ to h] home1 & 9 x conduct$1 ) my si/]'s help1 a s*ool = ! *ildr5 ( ! community4 ,two ( my si/]s _h be5 s5t away to s*ool1 "o to ,selma & ! o!r to ,talladega4 ,9 addition to ! s*ool conduct$ at our home1 my "m 0 able to get ! coop]ation ( "s ( ! p 9 o!r p>ts ( ! c\nty1 & two o!r s*ools 7 />t$4 ,^! s*ools 7 aft]w>d tak5 up1 & h s9ce become helpful factors 9 ! life ( ! p4 ,my fir/ lessons 7 giv5 9 ! home1 & my "m always claim$ t ,i le>n$ q rapidly4 ,z soon z ,i 0 old en\gh %e also made me take lessons 9 sew+4 ,sew+ made no appeal to me1 h[ev]1 b cook+ did1 & :5ev] possible ,i w\ld /eal away to my gr&mo!r's to cook ) h]4 ,mo/ ( ! "t ,i 0 only p]mitt$ to wa% di%es1 b aft] a :ile ,i 0 p]mitt$ to help ) h] cook+4 ,soon ,i 0 able to make cakes = my fa!r's /ore4 ,he 0 always v pr\d t 8 little daught] 0 able to repl5i% 8 /ock :5 x 0 exhau/$4 ,at eight ye>s ( age ,i 0 s5t to ,m]idian1 ,miss41 to /ay ) an old] si/] & att5d s*ool4 ,! advantages !re 7 f> sup]ior to ^? provid$ = me at my home4 ,aft] rema9+ two ye>s at ,m]idian ,i w5t to ,memphis1 aga9 9 se>* ( bett] s*ool facilities4 ,i h said t ev5 at my age ,i _h a fondness = cook+4 ,at ,memphis ,i _h my fir/ cook+ lesson1 ?is lesson be+ giv5 along ) ! eigh? grade "w ( ! public s*ool4 ,i 0 delight$1 b my aunt refus$ to all[ me to practise 9 ! home1 h[ev]1 & s all ! practise ,i got 0 at s*ool4 ,:ile 9 ,memphis1 a ,tuskegee ,in/itute graduate came !re to tea* 9 ! color$ public s*ools4 ,?\gh we _h liv$ 9 ,alabama1 we _h n1 until t "t1 he>d ( ! ,tuskegee ,in/itute4 ,! loyalty ( t graduate to ! s*ool1 ! /ories ( ! opportunities provid$1 & all1 delight$ my "m1 my aunt1 & myself1 & x 0 decid$ t ,i %\ld be s5t !re4 ,i ent]$ ! ,tuskegee ,in/itute 9 ,decemb]1 #ahid1 & 0 assign$1 aft] exam9ation1 to ! ,junior class1 ! fir/ class ( ! normal dep>tm5t4 ,i rema9$ at ,tuskegee dur+ ! foll[+ summ] & work$ 9 ! /ud5ts' d9+-room z a waitress4 ,! next ye> ,i 0 compell$ to ent] ! night-s*ool s z to help light5 my "m's burd54 ,i knew no?+ ( ! sci5ce ( foods2 no?+ at all1 at t "t1 ( any?+ t indicat$ t cook+ is a real sci5ce4 ,none b girls ( ! ,s5ior class 7 !n p]mitt$ to take cook+ lessons1 b ,i 0 (t5 able to provide "s excuse = visit+ ! v small & incompletely furni%$ room us$ = t purpose4 ,i pick$ up mu* useful in=mation 9 t way4 ,:5 ,i rea*$ ! ,a ,middle class1 next to ! ,s5ior class1 ! "y wom5 ( t class 7 p]mitt$ to take cook+ lessons4 ,n[ ,i 0 to le>n cook+4 ,i _h long desir$ ! opportunity1 & ! *ance _h come at la/4 ,! /udy ( foods 0 among ! fir/ lessons br\ght to my att5tion4 ,:ile anxi\s to "k all t 0 to be taught1 ,i c\ld nev] see ! reasons = kn[+4 ,i want$ to cook food1 & t1 ) me1 0 ! end4 ,i began to /udy *emi/ry 9 ! academic dep>tm5t1 & :5 x 0 appli$ 9 my cook+ lessons my eyes 7 op5$4 ,i n[ saw mu* t ,i _h n dream$ (4 ,a cook+ tea*]1 a not$ exp]t f ,wiscons91 came to ! s*ool ab\t t "t & lectur$ n only to ! cook+ classes1 b to ! "y wom5 tea*]s1 & to ! m>ri$ wom5 ( ! ,in/itute families4 ,i 0 especially detail$ to "w ) h]1 & 0 put to work+ out a diet = ! /ud5ts' bo>d+ dep>tm5t4 ,?is in/ruction1 ) t ( my regul> in/ructor1 conv9c$ me t "h 0 a real pr(ession4 ,i cont9u$ until ! end ( my s*ool days to c>ry1 along ) all ( my academic "w1 progressive "w 9 cook+4 ,i _h made su* progress t :5 ,i came to graduate1 ,mrs4 ,wa%+ton1 :o is 9 *>ge ( ! indu/ries = girls1 (f]$ me a vacancy 9 ! cook+ division4 ,i did n feel t ,i 0 adequate to ! requirem5ts ( ! place1 & s rem>k$ to ,mrs4 ,wa%+ton & my in/ructor4 ,!y recomm5d$ t ,i sp5d ! summ] at ! ,*autauqua ,summ] ,s*ool1 ,new ,york4 ,i prep>$ to g imm$iately foll[+ ! ,tuskegee comm5cem5t ex]cises4 ,a s*ol>%ip 0 secur$ = me4 ,dome/ic sci5ce tea*]s ( prov$ effici5cy are 9 *>ge !re4 ,!y 7 pleas$ ) :at ,i _h already be5 able to accompli%4 ,my "w 0 ) ! classes tak+ c\rses 9 *emi/ry1 physiology1 bact]iology1 managem5t ( classes1 & cook+ demon/ration4 ,at ! end ( ! summ] ,i felt /rong] ?an ev]1 & return$ to ,tuskegee 9 ! fall ) real en?usiasm4 ,i fir/ began my "w 9 ! little room 9 :i* ,i _h be5 taught4 ,ano!r academic class ( girls _h n[ be5 admitt$ to ! cook+ classes1 ! ?ree upp] ones4 ,:5 ,doro?y ,hall1 ! build+ 9 :i* all ( ! indu/ries = girls are locat$1 0 complet$1 my division 0 giv5 a suite ( rooms1 an assi/ant 0 provid$1 & ! "w broad5$ & made m useful ?an ev]4 ,"u ?is division we n[ h a model kit*51 a regul> kit*5 9 :i* ! practise-cook+ ( ! girls is done1 two d9+-rooms1 a model b$room1 a model sitt+-room1 & a ba?room4 ,pr9cipal ,wa%+ton has insi/$ f ye> to ye> t1 s9ce cook+ is s fundam5tal1 e "y woman1 9 ! day-s*ool at lea/1 %all take lessons 9 cook+4 ,= ! curr5t s*ool ye>1 #aijd-'je1 #deh "y wom5 are receiv+ in/ruction4 ,! c\rse cov]s1 9 its entirety1 f\r ye>s1 b is s compreh5sive t ev5 "o & two ye>s fit "y wom5 = ! cook+ ( ord9>y foods4 ,ea* ( ^! girls is requir$ to att5d ^u ! outl9$ catalogue c\rse ( in/ruction1 & 9 addition1 f "t to "t1 ^u lectures be>+ ^u ! sev]al subjects compreh5d$ "u dome/ic sci5ce4 ,! furni%+ ( ! rooms is simple1 b ample2 ! furniture1 9 ! ma91 be+ made by ! "y wom5 9 ! uphol/]+ division4 ,x has be5 widely prais$ by all :o h se5 x4 ,aft] tea*+ = two ye>s1 ,i reque/$ leave ( abs5ce = "o ye> s z to att5d ! ,dome/ic-,sci5ce ,s*ool ( ! ,"y ,wom5's ,*ri/ian ,association1 ,bo/on4 ,?is additional /udy1 ( c\rse1 help$ me v mu*4 ,my /udies 7 ( foods1 ( ! home1 ! tea*+ ( demon/ration & settlem5t classes1 etc4 ,mu* o!r useful in=mation also came my way4 ,:5 ,i return$ to ,tuskegee ! next ye> ,i felt m able ?an ev] to be ( assi/ance to ! girls :o come to u4 ,i 0 bett] able to outl9e my c\rse ( /udy4 ,! ?+ t pleas$ me greatly1 h[ev]1 bo? at ,*autauqua & at ,bo/on1 0 ! fact t my =m] ,tuskegee tra9+ 0 comm5t$ on s favorably1 z hav+ be5 plann$ along prop]ly compreh5sive l9es4 ,no "p ( ! ,tuskegee ,in/itute "w is m valuable ?an t ( ! dome/ic tra9+4 ,x is ! policy ( ! in/itution to give special att5tion to ! tra9+ ( girls 9 all t p]ta9s to dress1 heal?1 physical culture1 & g5]al h\sekeep+4 ,! girls are con/antly "u ! /rict & wat*ful c>e ( ! dean ( ! woman's dep>tm5t1 ,miss ,jane ,e4 ,cl>k1 a graduate ( ,ob]l9 ,college1 a woman ( lib]al atta9m5ts & culture1 & an example to !m 9 all t makes = ! developm5t ( "*2 ( ,mrs4 ,book] ,t4 ,wa%+ton1 ! director ( indu/ries = girls1 & ( ! wom5 tea*]s1 a body 9 e way repres5tative ( ! qualities ! girls are bes\ght to seek to atta94 ,a corps ( matrons1 f\r 9 numb]1 specially assi/ ! dean ( ! woman's dep>tm5t & keep 9 close individual t\* ) ! girls4 ,my own connection ) ! girls is 9 ! cook+ classes1 z ,i h indicat$1 & 9 ! ,p>k] ,model ,home & ! ,practise ,cottage4 ,! ,p>k] ,model ,home is ! home ( ! "y wom5 :o ea* ye> rea* ! ,s5ior class4 ,eight l>ge1 conv5i5tly arrang$ rooms are set ap>t = !m1 & !y are taught ?+s by hav+ to d !m4 ,! class1 z a :ole1 is requir$ to d actual "w 9 ! l9e ( g5]al h\sekeep+1 cook+ & s]v+ food1 & laund]+4 ,9 ord] to give practical demon/ration 9 h\sekeep+ & to develop ! s5se ( responsibility 9 ! "w1 a f\r-room h\se has be5 set aside1 9 :i* ! ,s5ior girls keep h\se4 ,f\r girls at a "t live 9 ?is h\se & h ! entire c>e ( x4 ,!y d all ! "w t p]ta9s to ord9>y h\sekeep+1 f ! ,monday morn+'s wa%+ to ! ,saturday's prep>ation = ,sunday4 ,!y are also *>g$ ) ! responsibility ( pur*as+ ! food supplies :i* !y consume4 ,?ree doll>s are all[$ z ! weekly exp5diture = food4 ,9 view ( ! l[ prices t obta9 = provisions "h1 f\r girls c live com=tably on ?is small all[ance & h v>iety & pl5ty1 & at ! same "t v :olesome food4 ,?us ! lesson ( economy is taught 9 ! mo/ effective way4 ,! girls le>n to appreciate ! pur*as+ p[] ( money1 a k9d ( tra9+ :i* bo>d+-/ud5ts1 :o h s mu* done = !m1 d n get4 ,!y acquire ! habit ( evolv+ _! own plans1 ( ex]cis+ unhamp]$ _! own ta/es4 ,regul>ity1 sy/em1 exactness1 neatness1 & ! feel+ ( responsibility1 are all develop$ 9 ?is way4 ,illu/ration3 ,a ,,model ,,d9+-,,room4 ,f ! dep>tm5t :]e table-s]vice is taught4 ,9 bo? ! ,p>k] ,model ,home & ! ,practise ,cottage ,i h *>ge1 ) my assi/ant1 ( ! ov]sight ( :at is done 9 ! direction ( provid+ food1 cook+ x1 s]v+ x1 etc4 ,tw5ty-"o classes a week are n[ taught2 ! prep>atory classes "o h\r p] week1 & ! normal classes two to ?ree h\rs p] week4 ,! girls are requir$ to "w 9 gr\ps1 to we> :ite aprons1 caps1 & sleeves1 & to br+ to ! classes t[els & hold]s4 ,ea* girl br+s h] own blank books & keeps1 ?r\gh ! ye>1 a full report ( ea* lesson giv54 ,mo/ ( ! girls :o come to u "k absolutely no?+ ( cook+ & h\sekeep+4 ,!y are1 z a rule1 l mo/ beg9n]s1 m anxi\s to make cakes1 c&ies1 pies1 etc41 ?an to make bread1 to c>e = ut5sils1 & le>n ! practical ?+s mo/ necess>y4 ,improvem5t soon foll[s1 h[ev]4 ,we d "s outside ext5sion "w1 9 addition to :at has be5 enum]at$3 a cook+ class 9 ! t[n ( ,tuskegee = ^? unable to att5d ! s*ool at all1 & classes = ! *ildr5 at ! ,*ildr5's ,h\se1 ! model tra9+-s*ool ( ! in/itution1 :]e !y are giv5 und]/&able lessons 9 cook+ & h\sekeep+4 ,a b$room1 a d9+-room1 a ba?room1 & a kit*5 are also provid$ 9 connection ) ! ,*ildr5's ,h\se4 ,i am happy 9 ! ?\ght t ,i h a "p 9 ?is fundam5tal1 home-build+ "p ( ! in/ruction be+ giv5 ! girls :o come f ?irty-six ,/ates & t]ritories ( ! ,union1 & f ,cuba & ,porto ,rico & o!r =eign c\ntries1 to att5d ?is fam\s s*ool1 ( :i* ,i am myself a graduate4 ,:5 ! girls are fitt$ to make bett] homes1 a bett] p are ! result4 ,to h "s "p 9 ?is "w 0 a fond wi% :ile a /ud5t1 & is a priz$ privilege n[ t ,i h ! opportunity to r5d] "s slight s]vice 9 return = all t ,tuskegee has done = me4 ,,ix ,a ,,woman',s ,,"w ,,by ,,cornelia ,,b[5 ,( myself & ! "w ,i h done !re is n a great deal to say4 ,i 0 born at ,tuskegee1 ,ala41 on a "p ( ! v gr\nd n[ occupi$ by ! fam\s ,tuskegee ,in/itute4 ,! build+ fir/ us$ by ! s*ool z an indu/rial build+ = girls 0 ! h\se 9 :i* ,i 0 born4 ,t old build+ 7& two o!rs1 z well7 is c>efully pres]v$ by ! in/itution z an old l&m>k1 & nev] d ,i g to ,tuskegee t ,i d n se>* x out among ! m impos+ & pret5ti\s build+s :i* h come dur+ ! lat] ye>s ( ! s*ool's hi/ory4 ,?is build+ & ! two o!r small ones 7 on ! prop]ty :5 x 0 acquir$ by ,pr9cipal ,wa%+ton4 ,my "m liv$ ! great] "p ( h] life at ?is place z ! slave ( ,colonel ,william ,b[51 :o own$ ! plot ( gr\nd ^u :i* ! ,tuskegee ,in/itute n[ /&s4 ,! bir?place ( my "m 0 ,baltimore1 ,md4 ,%e 0 taught to read by h] ma/]'s daught] 9 ,baltimore1 & 0 nev] =bidd5 to read by ^? :o own$ h] 9 ,alabama4 ,:5 a *ild1 ,i c\ld nev] und]/& :y %e read s well & c\ld n write4 ,i 0 v sorry at times t %e c\ld read & 0 n l o!r *ildr5's mo!rs :om ,i knew4 ,%e always knew :5 ,i did n get my lessons1 & (t5 ! h\rs ( play t 7 de> to me 7 tak5 away until my read+ lesson 0 le>n$4 ,sundays1 ) my si/]s ga!r$ ab\t h] knees1 we w\ld sit = h\rs li/5+ z "m w\ld read *ur* hymns = u4 ,^! days 7 days ( fre$om1 z ,i d n rememb]1 & "k no?+ (1 ^? ( slav]y4 ,my "m always refra9$ f tell+ h] *ildr5 frightful /ories ( ! awful suff]+s ( ! slave days4 ,%e occupi$ ! position ( seam/ress & h\se-s]vant 9 h] mi/ress's home1 & 0 nev] all[$ to m+le ) plantation slaves4 ,my fir/ tea*] 0 a good-he>t$ ,s\!rn :ite woman1 :o knew my "m well & liv$ 9 ! t[n ( ,tuskegee4 ,%e taught me to read f ,mc,guffey's ,fir/ ,read]4 ,i (t5 read my lessons by look+ at ! pictures1 = ,i did n "k "o ^w f ano!r--s f> z ! lett]s 7 conc]n$4 ,%e detect$ "o day1 h[ev]1 t ,i 0 look+ out into ! /reet & at ! same "t read+ :at ,i suppos$ to be ! lesson4 ,f t "t on %e devot$ h]self to tea*+ me s t ,i %\ld "k lett]s1 & t ,i %\ld read prop]ly4 ,%e always claim$ t ,i 0 an apt pupil4 ,at any rate1 at a v e>ly age ,i 0 able to bo? read & write4 ,z ,i grew old] ,i 0 s5t ) my si/]s to ! public s*ools ( ,tuskegee4 ,x 0 always my ambition1 x is n immode/ to say1 to excel 9 :atev] ,i und]took4 ,t :i* br\ght te>s to my eyes quick] ?an any o!r "o ?+ 0 to h "s memb] ( my class recite a bett] lesson1 or turn me d[n--t is1 g up ahead ( me 9 ! class4 ,hav+ be5 br\ght up 9 ! ,me?odi/ ,sunday-s*ool1 ,i lat] jo9$ ! ,me?odi/ ,*ur*4 ,mr4 ,lewis ,adams1 a ,tru/ee ( ! ,tuskegee ,in/itute1 0 !n ,sup]9t5d5t ( ! ,me?odi/ ,sunday-s*ool4 ,he 0 v desir\s t ! "y boys & girls ( ! ,sunday-s*ool %\ld take an active "p 9 ! "w4 ,i 0 giv5 a class ( girls to tea* mu* old] ?an myself4 ,!y tri$ to disgu/ me at times by pay+ no att5tion to my tea*+4 ,i 0 n to be disc\rag$1 al?\gh ,i cri$ _m times because ( _! conduct4 ,my own si/]1 :o 0 a memb] ( ! class1 also rebell$ because ,i 0 y\ng] ?an %e2 %e ?\ght t %e %\ld be tea*+ me in/ead ( hav+ x o!rwise4 ,x 0 ! common op9ion ( ! girls t ev5 if ,i c\ld read bett] ?an any ( !m1 !y 7 old] & %\ld be %[n ! pref]5ce4 ,i owe mu* ( my int]e/ 9 ! /udy ( ! ,bible to my "m & to ,mr4 ,lewis ,adams1 ! fai?ful work] & ,sunday-s*ool ,sup]9t5d5t4 ,mr4 ,adams 0 9 ^? e>ly days z he is n[1 ! lead] ( ! color$ p ( ! t[n ( ,tuskegee 9 all t w5t to make = ! uplift+ ( 8 p4 ,i c pay no bett] tribute to him ?an to quote :at ,pr9cipal ,wa%+ton himself says 9 8 monum5tal autobiography1 ,up f ,slav]y3 ,9 ! mid/ ( ! difficulties :i* ,i enc\nt]$ 9 gett+ ! little s*ool />t$1 & s9ce !n ?r\gh a p]iod ( n9ete5 ye>s1 !re are two m5 among all ! _m fri5ds ( ! s*ool 9 ,tuskegee ^u :om ,i h dep5d$ con/antly = advice & guidance2 & ! success ( ! und]tak+ is l>gely due to ^! m51 f :om ,i h nev] s\ght any?+ 9 va94 ,i m5tion !m simply z types4 ,"o is a :ite man & an ex-slavehold]1 ,mr4 ,george ,w4 ,campbell2 ! o!r is a black man & an ex-slave1 ,mr4 ,lewis ,adams4 ,^! 7 ! m5 :o wrote to ,g5]al ,arm/rong = a tea*]4 ,mr4 ,campbell is a m]*ant & bank]1 & _h _h little exp]i5ce 9 deal+ ) matt]s p]ta9+ to education4 ,mr4 ,adams 0 a me*anic1 & _h le>n$ ! trades ( %oemak+1 h>ness-mak+1 & t9smi?+ dur+ ! days ( slav]y4 ,he _h nev] be5 to s*ool a day 9 8 life1 b 9 "s way he _h le>n$ to read & write :ile a slave4 ,f ! fir/1 ^! two m5 saw cle>ly :at my plan ( education 01 sympa?iz$ ) me1 & support$ me 9 e ef=t4 ,9 ! days :i* 7 d>ke/ f9ancially = ! s*ool1 ,mr4 ,campbell 0 nev] appeal$ to :5 he 0 n will+ to ext5d all ! aid 9 8 p[]4 ,i d n "k two m5--"o an ex-slavehold]1 "o an ex-slave--^: advice & judgm5t ,i w\ld feel m l foll[+ 9 ev]y?+ :i* conc]ns ! life & developm5t ( ! s*ool at ,tuskegee ?an ^? ( ^! two m54 ,i h always felt t ,mr4 ,adams1 9 a l>ge degree1 d]iv$ 8 unusual p[]s ( m9d f ! tra9+ giv5 8 h&s 9 ! process ( ma/]+ well ?ree trades dur+ ! days ( slav]y4 ,i did n graduate f ! public s*ools z *ildr5 d n[adays 9 ! cities4 ,mr4 ,book] ,t4 ,wa%+ton's com+ to ,tuskegee & ! e/abli%m5t ( ! ,tuskegee ,normal ,s*ool put an end to ! public-s*ool "w on ,zion ,hill1 :]e ! ,tuskegee public s*ool = color$ *ildr5 0 locat$4 ,i 0 "o ( ! fir/ ( ! /ud5ts exam9$ = entrance 9 ! s*ool4 ,mr4 ,wa%+ton gave ! exam9ation 9 ari?metic1 gramm>1 & hi/ory4 ,i nev] knew :at a s5t5ce 01 nor t x _h a subject & a pr$icate be=e he said s4 ,i d\bt$ v s]i\sly ! exi/5ce ( su* t]ms z ^! new ones m5tion$ by him4 ,i ?\ght ,i knew gramm>1 & ,i did1 s f> z ,i _h be5 taught1 b ,i _h no insight into its real mean+ & use4 ,mr4 ,wa%+ton decid$ aft] my exam9ation t ,i w\ld make a good ,junior pupil4 ,x 0 all new to me & ,i c\ld n und]/& all ( ! new words1 ev5 ?\gh simple !y 71 us$ by him4 ,he himself took *>ge ( our classes1 & ,i h always be5 v pr\d t ,i c say t he 0 my tea*]4 ,he 0 mo/ p>ticul> 9 reg>d to spell+ & ! "r use ( v]bs4 ,z a hi/ory tea*] he 0 ! be/ ,i h _h ! privilege ( /udy+ "u4 ,i h (t5 said t if he c\ld tea* ! classes 9 ! beg9n+ ( hi/ory & gramm>1 & give talks on spell+ at ,tuskegee z he did :5 ,i 0 a pupil !re1 _m :o f9i% at ,tuskegee w\ld be ?ankful 9 ! ye>s to come4 ,h[ev]1 he c n d ?is until he is reliev$ ( ! great burd5 ( rais+ funds = ! s*ool4 ,! indu/rial dep>tm5ts at ,tuskegee 7 n1 ( c\rse1 s elaborate & s _m :ile ,i 0 a pupil !re4 ,my f\r ye>s at ,tuskegee 7 giv5 :olly to class-room "w4 ,to my class1 t graduat$ 9 #ahhe--! fir/ "o to graduate1 we pr\dly boa/--?ree ,peabody m$als 7 aw>d$ = excell5ce 9 s*ol>%ip4 ,our diplomas 7 also grad$4 ,we took an exam9ation = ! m$als1 z !re 7 t5 9 ! graduat+ class4 ,i 0 aw>d$ "o ( ! m$als4 ,! ,class ( '#he _h high ideals & always regrett$ t any memb] %\ld receive a second-grade diploma4 ,i 0 v ?ankful to le>n aft] two weeks' wait+ t1 9 ! op9ion ( ! ,faculty1 ,i 0 wor?y ( a fir/-grade diploma4 ,aft] graduat+1 ,i 0 employ$ z ! pr9cipal ( ! tra9+-s*ool--n[ kn[n z ! ,*ildr5's ,h\se--( ! ,tuskegee ,in/itute4 ,feel+ t ,i c\ld be ( m s]vice to my p1 & c\ld bett] tea* 9 ! outside _w ! pr9ciples = :i* ,tuskegee /&s1 ,i resign$ my "w at ,tuskegee1 aft] sev]al t]ms1 = a broad] field ( usefulness4 ,a call rea*$ ,mr4 ,wa%+ton 9 #ahhh = a tea*] to beg9 a "w 9 ! vic9ity ( ,mt4 ,meigs1 ,ala41 simil> to ! "w done at ,tuskegee1 b1 ( c\rse1 on a small] scale4 ,mr4 ,e4 ,n4 ,pi]ce1 ( ,pla9ville1 ,conn41 _h resolv$ to d some?+ 9 ! way ( provid+ bett] s*ool facilities = ! color$ p liv+ on a l>ge plantation1 into ! possession ( :i* he _h come4 ,mr4 ,wa%+ton answ]$ ! call :ile 9 ,bo/on1 & telegraph$ me t he ?\ght me ! prop] p]son to take *>ge ( & c>ry on ! settlem5t "w ,mr4 ,pi]ce & 8 fri5ds _h 9 m9d4 ,i f\nd at ,mt4 ,meigs1 aft] /udi\sly inve/igat+ conditions1 t ! outlook = support 0 f> f hopeful4 ,n "o p]son 9 ! :ole community own$ a foot ( l&1 & heavy crop mortgages 7 ! burd5 ( e f>m]4 ,x became evid5t at once t pione] "w 0 v mu* ne$$4 ,homes 7 neglect$1 & ! sacr$ness ( family life 0 unkn[n to mo/ ( ! p4 ,! prospect 0 a gloomy "o4 ,! little ,bapti/ *ur* 9 :i* ! old] p ga!r$ = wor%ip two ,sundays 9 ea* mon? badly ne$$ repair+4 ,i began fir/ ( all to connect myself ) ! ,sunday-s*ool1 & taught !re e ,sunday4 ,i organiz$ a l>ge class ( ! old] p & enc\rag$ !m 9 e way to att5d ! ,sunday-s*ool e ,sunday ) ! *ildr54 ,none ( ^! mo!rs or fa!rs c\ld read or write4 ,i taught !m ,scripture v]ses by repeat+ v]se aft] v]se till !y 7 able to recite !m = me4 ,i also s\ght to tea* !m to read1 & q a l>ge numb] c read n[ because ( ! opportunities provid$ by my ,sunday-s*ool class4 ,i h kept ?is class ( old] p toge!r1 & x is "o ( ! mo/ active ones ( all4 ,we h /udi$ toge!r _m o!r ?+s aside f ! ,sunday-s*ool lessons1 & x has be5 necess>y to d s1 because ! p h none ( ! opportunities provid$ = ^? :o live 9 ! t[ns & cities4 ,i 0 e>ly mu* enc\rag$ to note t my ef=ts 7 appreciat$ by ! p4 ,i 0 (t5 call$ ^u to act z arbit] 9 all k9ds ( difficult & unpleasant disputes involv+ family relations & o!r diff]5ces among ! p4 ,_m & _m a "t did ,i take ! place ( ! m9i/] & speak to ! p :5 he c\ld n be pres5t4 ,to tea* ! p self-help1 ! sure/ sign ( progress1 we decid$ to plan = a ma9 s*ool build+ :i* %\ld m>k ! c5t] ( our activities4 ,?is build+ we 7 able to erect at a co/ ( #b1jjj1 & x is a satisfaction to ! p ( ! community t !y alone paid e c5t ( ! co/1 n "o p5ny com+ f ! outside4 ,! /ruggle 0 a long "o1 a h>d "o1 ) bad crops & o!r h>d conditions int]f]+ ) our plans4 ,?is build+ is a two-/ory "o1 well v5tilat$1 roomy1 & accommodates #cjj pupils4 ,f ! fir/ we h s\ght to foll[ 9 ! foot/eps ( ! p>5t in/itution1 & h _h ! indu/ries taught2 agriculture 0 introduc$ at once4 ,a l>ge ,trades ,build+ 0 soon erect$ & tea*]s f ,tuskegee secur$ to help 9 ! "w4 ,blacksmi?+1 :eelwright+1 c>p5try1 pa9t+1 & agriculture h be5 provid$ = ! "y m51 & cook+1 laund]+1 h\sekeep+1 & sew+ = ! "y wom54 ,! foll[+ build+s we n[ h 9 addition to ^? nam$3 a dormitory = girls1 a blacksmi?+-%op1 & a tea*]s' home4 ,m ?an #d1jjj pupils h come "u ! influ5ce ( ! s*ool4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,culture ,,( ,,bees4 ,/ud5ts at "w 9 ! api>y4 ,i h cont9u\sly1 = sev5te5 ye>s1 ) ! exception ( a %ort p]iod1 be5 9 *>ge ( ! s*ool2 dur+ ! abs5ce ref]r$ to ,i 0 /udy+ 9 ,new ,york city1 & aft]w>d1 ?r\gh ! g5]osity ( a fri5d1 0 able to sp5d "o ye> 9 ,que5 ,m>g>et's ,college1 ,glasg[1 ,scotl&4 ,i am pleas$ ) ! progress ! p h made4 ,_m n[ own _! own homes1 & eight & t5 p]sons are no long] cont5t to sleep 9 "o-room log cab9s1 z 0 only too true dur+ ! e>li] ye>s ( my "w4 ,i h regul>ly _h mo!rs' meet+s1 & ^! h rais$ ! home life ( ! p to a high] /&>d4 ,i "k :at ,i am say+ :5 ,i /ate t sacr$ family ties are respect$ & appreciat$ z nev] be=e 9 ?is imm$iate region4 ,! emotional *ur* life ( ! p no long] prevails h]eab\ts1 & ! m9i/] prea*es =ty m9utes1 in/ead ( two h\rs z =m]ly4 ,_m f>m]s are out ( debt1 & a mortgage ^u a man's crop is z disreputable z a saloon4 ,! ,mt4 ,meigs ,in/itute is ! fir/ s*ool ( its k9d 9 ,alabama to demon/rate ! fact t a s*ool plant$ among ! p 9 ! rural di/ricts ( ! ,s\? w make = intellig5t1 hone/1 ?rifty citiz5%ip4 ,! success ( ?is "w made possible ! e/abli%m5t ( _m simil> s*ools t h be5 plant$ 9 ,alabama & o!r p>ts ( ! ,s\?4 ,( ! "y m5 & wom5 :o h att5d$ my s*ool ,i c n speak too highly4 ,sixty h graduat$1 & fifty-sev5 ( ! numb] are /ill liv+4 ,n only !y1 b _m :o c\ld n af=d to /ay & graduate1 are at "w 9 an ef=t to help _! less =tunate bre?r54 ,?irty-six ( my graduates h tak5 academic or trade c\rses 9 o!r s*ools1 tw5ty-"o ( !m at ,tuskegee ,in/itute4 ,t5 h graduat$ f ,tuskegee1 or f o!r s*ools4 ,?irty-eight ( !m h le>n$ trades1 & all ( !m are at "w & prosp]\s4 ,!y include dressmak]s1 cooks1 h\sekeep]s1 laundresses1 c>p5t]s1 blacksmi?s1 :eelwrights1 pa9t]s1 etc4 ,sev]al are successful f>m]s1 & "o ( ! girls is a l>ge cotton-plant] & g5]al f>m]4 ,two are successful m]*ants 9 ,birm+ham1 ,ala42 "o is a prom95t m9i/]1 hav+ also tak5 a c\rse at ! ,virg9ia ,union ,sem9>y1 ,ri*mond1 ,va42 "o is 9 *>ge ( an orphan asylum1 & sev]al are tea*]s2 "o taught ) me = sev5 ye>s aft] hav+ also graduat$ f ,tuskegee4 ,?irty h m>ri$1 fifte5 h b\ght homes1 "o has prop]ty valu$ at #g1jjj1 o!rs h prop]ty rang+ 9 value f #hjj to #b1jjj4 ,( ! sixty1 only f\r h fail$ to ma9ta9 _! moral "*4 ,six tea*]s are n[ employ$2 we really ne$ ano!r4 ,ab\t #cj bo>d+ pupils are regul>ly enroll$1 ) #bej pupils 9 daily att5dance f ne>-by homes4 ,! s*ool is conduct$ j z economically z x well c be2 ! annual exp5se is ab\t #b1jjj1 ( :i* sum ,i h insi/$ t ! p !mselves %all annually meet "o-half4 ,if ,i h be5 ( any s]vice to my p1 ,i owe x all to ,mr4 ,wa%+ton & to "o ( ! noble/ wom5 t ev] liv$1 ,mrs4 ,book] ,t4 ,wa%+ton1 ne ,davidson1 bo? ( :om indelibly impress$ ^u me :ile att5d+ ! ,tuskegee ,in/itute ^? lessons :i* l$ me to want to sp5d myself 9 ! help+ ( my p4 ,x ,,uplift+ ,,! ,,subm]g$ ,,masses ,,by ,w4 ,j4 ,,edw>ds ,i 0 born 9 ,sn[ ,hill1 ,wilcox ,c\nty1 ,ala41 9 ! ye> #ahgj4 ,my "m di$ :5 ,i 0 twelve mon?s old4 ,ab\t five or six ye>s aft] ?is1 p]haps1 my fa!r w5t away f ,sn[ ,hill2 ! next ,i he>d he 0 dead4 ,?us at ! age ( six ,i 0 left )\t fa!r or "m4 ,i 0 !n plac$ 9 ! c>e ( my old gr&mo!r1 :o did all t 0 9 h] p[] to s5d me to ! s*ool locat$ ne> u4 ,(t5 = weeks ,i w\ld g to s*ool )\t any?+ b bread to eat4 ,occasionally %e c\ld secure a little piece ( meat4 ,i well rememb] "o morn+1 :5 ,i _h />t$ to s*ool & %e _h giv5 me all ! meat t we _h 9 ! h\se1 h[ x worri$ me t %e %\ld h no?+ left = h]self b bread4 ,worry+ ov] our cramp$ condition1 ,i resolv$ t :at %e did = me %\ld n be ?r[n away4 ,i long$ = ! "t :5 ,i c\ld repay h] = all %e _h done = me4 ,at ! age ( twelve x pleas$ ! ,almighty ,god to take f me my gr&mo!r1 my only dep5d5ce4 ,i 0 n[ left to fight ! battle ( life alone4 ,i ne$ n tell ( ! h>d times & suff]+s t ,i exp]i5c$ until ,i ent]$ s*ool at ! ,tuskegee ,in/itute4 ,b kn[+ t ,i 0 )\t p>5ts1 & be+ sick mo/ ( ! "t1 my h>d%ips c be imag9$4 ,?r\gh a m9i/] ,i he>d ( ! ,tuskegee ,normal & ,indu/rial ,in/itute 9 ! e>ly "p ( #ahhh1 & s favorably 0 x recomm5d$ t ,i decid$ ,i w\ld r5t two acres ( l& & raise a crop1 & take ! proce$s & g to ,tuskegee ! foll[+ fall4 ,aft] pay+ my r5ts & o!r small debts ,i _h #bj left ) :i* to buy my clo!s & />t = ,tuskegee1 :i* ,i did1 />t+ on ! #bg? ( ,decemb]1 #ahhh1 & arriv+ at ,tuskegee on ! fir/ day ( ,janu>y1 #ahhi1 ) #aj4 ,i _h walk$ mo/ ( ! way4 ,i 0 at ,tuskegee = f\r & "o-half ye>s4 ,i manag$ to /ay !re = t l5g? ( "t by work+ "o day 9 ! week & e o!r ,saturday dur+ ! t]m & all ( ! vacations4 ,dur+ my ,s5ior ye> ,i 0 help$ by ,mr4 ,r4 ,o4 ,simpson1 ! own] ( ! plantation on :i* ,i 0 re>$4 ,i _h tr\ble t ye> 9 decid+ j :at ,i %\ld d aft] graduation4 ,x _h be5 my conviction t ,i mu/ be a lawy] or a m9i/]4 ,9 contemplat+ ! idea ( becom+ a lawy]1 h[ev]1 ,i c\ld n see :]e9 ,i c\ld c>ry out ! ,tuskegee ,idea ( uplift+ ! masses4 ,! m9i/]ial pr(ession 0 v little bett]1 s9ce ! "w ( ! m9i/] 9 our section ( ! c\ntry mu/ be limit$ almo/ :olly to "o d5om9ation4 ,s ,i f9ally decid$ to try to plant an in/itution simil> to ! ,tuskegee ,s*ool1 an und5om9ational "o1 9 a section ( ,alabama :]e su* "w %\ld be ne$$4 ,i *ose1 z my field ( labor1 ,sn[ ,hill1 ! place f :i* ,i _h gone to ent] s*ool at ,tuskegee4 ,! s*ool is n[ kn[n z ! ,sn[ ,hill ,normal & ,indu/rial ,in/itute1 & is locat$ 9 ! v c5t] ( ! ,black ,belt ( ! ,/ate ( ,alabama4 ,?is is a mu*-us$ t]m2 x is n applicable1 h[ev]1 to e ,s\!rn ,/ate1 nei!r does x apply to e c\nty 9 any "o ,/ate4 ,x is only to c]ta9 c\nties 9 c]ta9 ,/ates to :i* x may prop]ly be appli$4 ,wilcox & ! sev5 adjo9+ c\nties con/itute "o ( ^! sections 9 ,alabama4 ,! late/ c5sus %[s t ^! eight c\nties h a color$ population ( #bja1eci1 & a :ite population ( #fi1iae4 ,alabama has sixty-sev5 c\nties1 ) a total color$ population ( #hbg1cjg4 ,?us x w be se5 t "o-eigh? ( ! c\nties conta9 "o-f\r? ( ! entire color$ population4 ,because ! color$ p outnumb] ! :ite p 9 su* great proportion1 ?is is call$ ! ,black ,belt ( ! ,/ate4 ,^! c\nties lie 9 ! valley ( ! ,alabama ,riv]1 & con/itute ! mo/ f]tile section ( ! ,/ate4 ,dur+ ! e>ly settlem5t ( ! ,/ate1 :ite m5 com+ into ^! f]tile c\nties n only w\ld settle z mu* l& z a family ( f\r or five 9 numb] c\ld cultivate1 b z mu* z !y 7 able to buy ,negroes to cultivate4 ,q a few families ) only five or six 9 numb] w\ld h l& en\gh to "w f #ajj to #a1jjj ,negroes4 ,"o c see f ?is h[ a few :ite families w\ld1 z !y (t5 did1 own a :ole c\nty4 ,n[ ! ,negro is n migratory 9 8 nature2 hav+ be5 br\ght to ^! c\nties dur+ slav]y1 he has rema9$ "h 9 fre$om4 ,he is n1 !re=e1 prim>ily responsible = 8 be+ "h 9 su* great numb]s4 ,^! :ite families settl$ 9 little villages sev5 or eight miles ap>t4 ,! di/ances betwe5 7 made up ( _! plantations1 on :i* 7 ?\s&s ( slaves4 ,only a few ,negroes 7 employ$ z dome/ics 9 comp>ison ) ! great numb]s :o work$ on plantations4 ,x 0 only ^! few :o1 9 le>n+ to s]ve ! :ite man1 prop]ly got a glimpse ( real home life4 ,! masses _h absolutely no idea ( su* a life2 no?+ 0 done t w\ld lead !m to secure any su* k4 ,s9ce _! emancipation ! masses ( ^! p h _h nei!r compet5t prea*]s nor tea*]s2 consequ5tly mo/ ( !m h rema9$ hopelessly ignorant ev5 until ?is day4 ,"o he>+ ! great condemnation heap$ ^u ! ,negro 9 ^! sections = 8 failure to measure up to ! /&>ds ( true citiz5%ip & to prop] /&>ds ( life w\ld get ! idea t ! pr\d ,anglo-,saxon has sp5t a great deal ( "t 9 try+ to tea* him ! fundam5tal pr9ciples t und]lie life2 b ?is is n ! case4 ,!re are exceptions to all rules1 h[ev]1 & "h & !re "o may f9d noble & patriotic :ite m5 labor+ = ! uplift ( fall5 humanity )\t reg>d to race1 color1 or previ\s condition4 ,dur+ ! summ] ( #ahic1 aft] return+ f ,tuskegee1 be+ anxi\s to le>n m ( ! real condition ( our p 9 ! ,black ,belt1 ,i visit$ mo/ ( ! places 9 ,wilcox ,c\nty & a few places 9 ! c\nties ( ,monroe1 ,butl]1 ,dallas1 & ,l[ndes1 mak+ ! entire j\rney on foot4 ,x 0 a bright & beautiful morn+ 9 ,june :5 ,i />t$ f my home1 a log cab94 ,m ?an two hundr$ ,negroes 7 9 ! ne>-by fields pl[+ corn1 hoe+ cotton1 & s++ ^? beautiful songs (t5 ref]r$ to z plantation melodies4 ,notably1 ,i am ,go+ to ,roll 9 my ,jesus' ,arms2 ,o ,fre$om6 ,be=e ,i'd be a ,slave ,i'd be ,c>ri$ to ,my ,grave1 etc41 may be m5tion$4 ,) ! beautiful fields ( corn & cotton out/ret*$ be=e me1 & ! %imm]+ brook l a silv] ?read tw9+ its way ?r\gh ! gold5 mead[s1 & !n ?r\gh v]dant fields1 giv+ wat] to ?\s&s ( creatures z x pass$1 ,i felt t ! e>? 0 truly clo!d 9 ,8 beauty & ! fulness ( ,8 glory4 ,b ,i _h sc>cely gone beyond ! limits ( ! field :5 ,i came to a ?ick und]gr[? ( p9es4 ,"h we saw old pieces ( timb] & two po/s4 ,?is m>ks ! old cotton-g9 h\se1 said ,uncle ,jim1 my companion1 & !n 8 c\nt5ance grew sad2 aft] a sigh he said3 ,i h se5 _m a ,negro :ipp$ )9 an in* ( 8 life at ^! po/s4 ,i h se5 !m :ipp$ s badly t !y _h to be c>ri$ away 9 wagons4 ,_m nev] did recov]4 ,f ?is our road l$ fir/ up-hill1 !n d[n1 & f9ally ?r\gh a /ret* ( woods until we rea*$ ,c>l[ville4 ,?is 0 once ! mo/ ari/ocratic village ( ! s\!rn "p ( ,dallas ,c\nty4 ,p]haps no "o :o own$ less ?an a hundr$ slaves 0 able to secure a home )9 its bord]s4 ,"h /ill are to be se5 ! /ately mansions ( ! ,lydes1 ! ,lees1 ! ,wrumphs1 ! ,bibbses1 ! ,y\ngbloods1 & ! ,reynoldses4 ,_m ( ^! mansions h be5 p>tly rebuilt & remodel$ to con=m to mod]n /yles ( ar*itecture1 :ile o!rs h be5 des]t$ & are n[ fa/ decay+4 ,usually ^! mansions are occupi$ by o!rs ?an ! orig9al families4 ,! orig9al families h sold out or h di$ out4 ,9 ,c>l[ville /&s ! l>ge/ :ite *ur* 9 ,dallas or ,wilcox ,c\nties4 ,x has a seat+ capacity ( #a1jjj1 exclud+ ! balcony1 :i*1 dur+ slav]y1 0 us$ exclusively = ! ,negroes ( ! families att5d+4 ,our /ay 9 ,c>l[ville 0 necess>ily %ort1 z ! ev5+ sun 0 l[ & ! ne>e/ place = lodg+ 0 two miles ahead4 ,be=e rea*+ ?is place we came to a l>ge "o-room log cab91 #cj feet by #cf feet1 on ! road-side1 ) a d\ble door & ?ree holes = w9d[s cut 9 ! sides4 ,!re 0 no *imney nor any?+ to %[ t ! room c\ld be heat$ 9 cold wea!r4 ,?is 0 ! ,hope-well ,bapti/ ,*ur*4 ,"h #ejj memb]s congregat$ "o ,sunday 9 ea* mon? & sp5t ! entire day 9 eat+1 %\t+1 & prais+ ,god = ,8 goodness t[>d ! *ildr5 ( m54 ,"h also ! ?ree mon?s' s*ool 0 taught dur+ ! w9t]4 ,a few hundr$ y>ds beyond ?is *ur* br\ght u to ! home ( a ,deacon ,jones4 ,he 0 liv+ 9 ! h\se occupi$ by ! ov]se] ( ! plantation dur+ slav]y4 ,x 0 cu/om>y = ,deacon ,jones to c>e = /rang]s :o *anc$ to come into ! community1 especially = ! prea*]s & tea*]s4 ,s "h we f\nd re/4 ,8 family consi/$ ( himself1 8 wife1 & six *ildr5--two boys & f\r girls4 ,mrs4 ,jones 0 not$ = h] ability to prep>e food well1 & 9 a %ort :ile invit$ u to a delici\s supp] ( fri$ *ick51 fri$ ham1 "s v f9e home-made sug>-cane sirup1 & an abundance ( milk & butt]4 ,at supp] ,deacon ,jones told ( ! _m prea*]s he _h ent]ta9$ & _! fondness = *ick54 ,aft] supp] ,i sp5t "s "t 9 try+ to f9d out ! real condition ( ! p 9 ?is section4 ,mr4 ,jones told me h[1 = t5 ye>s1 he _h be5 try+ to buy "s l&1 & _h be5 kept f x m ?an once1 b t he 0 /ill hopeful ( gett+ ! "r de$s = ! l& = :i* he _h paid4 ,he also told ( _m families :o _h rec5tly mov$ into ?is community4 ,^! newcom]s _h made a good />t = ! ye> & _h promis+ crops1 b !y 7 compell$ to mortgage _! gr[+ crops 9 ord] to get advances = ! ye>4 ,:5 ask$ ( ! s*ools1 he said t !re 7 m ?an five hundr$ *ildr5 ( s*ool age 9 8 t[n%ip1 b n m ?an two hundr$ ( ^! _h att5d$ s*ool ! previ\s w9t]1 & mo/ ( ^! = a p]iod n long] ?an six weeks4 ,he also said t ! p 7 v indiff]5t z to ! necessity ( s*oolh\ses & *ur*es4 ,q a few :o cle>$ a little money ! previ\s ye> _h sp5t x all 9 buy+ :isky1 9 gambl+1 9 buy+ *eap jewelry1 & = o!r useless articles4 ,aft] sp5d+ two h\rs 9 su* talk ,i retir$ = ! ev5+4 ,?us end$ ! fir/ day ( my se>* = fir/-h& in=mation4 ,we _h a f9e night's re/4 ,mr4 ,jones 0 up at e>ly dawn to fe$ 8 horses & cattle1 & be=e ! sun 0 up he 0 out on 8 f>m4 ,mrs4 ,jones & "o ( ! daught]s 7 left to prep>e breakfa/1 & soon !y1 too1 7 ready to jo9 ! o!rs on ! f>m4 ,we took advantage ( ?is e>ly ris+ & 7 soon (f on our j\rney4 ,in/ead ( go+ f>!r nor?w>d1 we turn$ our c\rse we/w>d = ! t[n ( ,tild51 :i* is only eight miles we/ ( ,sn[ ,hill4 ,! road f ,c>l[ville to ,tild5 is some:at hilly1 b a v pleasant "o1 & = miles ! l>ge oak-trees =m$ an almo/ p]fect ar*4 ,on rea*+ ,tild5 we le>n$ t !re w\ld be a union meet+ ( two ( ! *ur*es t night4 ,i decid$ t ?is w\ld give me an opportunity to /udy ! religi\s life ( ^! p = myself4 ,! memb]s ( *ur*es ,no4 #a & ,no4 #b assembl$ at _! respective places at eight o'clock4 ,! memb]s ( *ur* ,no4 #b _h a %ort praise-s]vice1 & =m$ a l9e ( procession to m>* to *ur* ,no4 #a4 ,all ! wom5 ( ! congregation _h _! heads b\nd 9 pieces ( :ite clo?1 & !y sang _! peculi> songs z !y m>*$4 ,:5 ! memb]s ( *ur* ,no4 #b 7 )9 a few hundr$ y>ds ( *ur* ,no4 #a1 ! s++ !n alt]nat$1 & f9ally1 :5 ! memb]s ( *ur* ,no4 #b came to *ur* ,no4 #a1 !y m>*$ ar\nd ?is *ur* ?ree times be=e ent]+ x4 ,aft] ent]+1 six s]mons 7 prea*$ to ! two congregations by six diff]5t m9i/]s1 & at lea/ ?ree ( ^! c\ld n read a ^w 9 ! ,bible4 ,ea* m9i/] occupi$ at lea/ "o h\r4 ,_! texts 7 z (t5 tak5 f ,web/]'s blue-back spell] z f ! ,bible1 & sometimes ?is w\ld be held upside d[n4 ,x 0 ab\t two o'clock 9 ! morn+ :5 ! s]vices 7 conclud$4 ,"h1 aga91 we f\nd no s*oolh\ses1 & ! ?ree mon?s' s*ool _h be5 taught 9 "o ( ! little *ur*es4 ,! next day we />t$ = ,camd51 a di/ance ( sixte5 miles4 ,?is section betwe5 ,tild5 & ,camd5 is p]haps ! mo/ f]tile section ( l& 9 ! ,/ate ( ,alabama4 ,tak+ a s\?we/ c\rse f ,tild51 ,i cross$ into ,wilcox ,c\nty aga91 :]e ,i saw acres ( corn & miles ( cotton1 all be+ cultivat$ by ,negroes4 ,! ev5+ 0 f> advanc$ :5 we rea*$ ,camd51 b hav+ be5 !re be=e1 we _h no difficulty 9 secur+ lodg+4 ,camd5 is ! seat ( ,wilcox ,c\nty1 & has a population ( ab\t ?ree ?\s& inhabitants4 ,! mo/ co/ly build+s ( ! t[n 7 ! c\rt-h\se & jail1 & ^! occupi$ ! mo/ conspicu\s places4 ,"h great cr[ds ( ,negroes w\ld ga!r on ,saturdays to sp5d _! e>n+s ( ! week = a f9e breakfa/ or d9n] on ! foll[+ ,sunday1 or = useless trivialities4 ,on ,saturday ev5+s1 on ! roads lead+ to & f ,camd51 z f o!r t[ns1 c\ld be se5 gr\ps ( ,negroes gambl+ "h & !re1 & buy+ & sell+ :isky4 ,z ! c\nty _h vot$ aga9/ lic5s+ :isky-sell+1 ?is 0 a violation ( ! law1 & (t5 ! commission m]*ant1 a ,negro1 0 imprison$ = ! (f5se1 :ile ^? :o suppli$ him w5t free4 ,9 ,camd5 ,i f\nd "o ,negro s*oolh\se2 ?is 0 a box-l cottage1 #bj by #af feet1 & 0 suppos$ to seat m ?an "o hundr$ /ud5ts4 ,?is s*ool1 l ^? taught 9 ! *ur*es1 0 op5 only ?ree mon?s 9 ! ye>4 ,aft] a two days' /ay 9 ,camd5 ,i next visit$ ,mill]'s ,f]ry2 ?is is on ! ,alabama ,riv]1 twelve miles we/ ( ,camd54 ,! road f ,camd5 is "o ( ! be/ roads 9 ! ,/ate1 & = miles & miles "o c\ld see no?+ b cotton & corn4 ,at ,mill]'s ,f]ry a ,negro s*oolh\se ( ample proportions _h be5 built on ,judge ,h5d]son's plantation4 ,"h ! s*ool ran sev5 mon?s 9 ! ye>1 & ! color$ p 9 ! community 7 prosp]\s & %[$ a rem>kable degree ( intellig5ce4 ,_! *ur* 0 equally z attractive z _! s*oolh\se4 ,judge ,h5d]son 0 = twelve ye>s ,probate ,judge ( ,wilcox ,c\nty4 ,he prov$ to be "o ( ! be/ judges ?is c\nty has ev] _h1 & ev5 unto ?is day he is admir$ by all1 bo? :ite & black1 ri* & poor1 = 8 hone/y1 integrity1 & high s5se ( ju/ice4 ,f ,judge ,h5d]son's place we travel$ s\?w>d to ,rock-we/1 a di/ance ( m ?an fifte5 miles4 ,dur+ ?is j\rney hundr$s ( ,negroes 7 se5 at "w 9 ! corn- & cotton-fields4 ,^! p 7 almo/ :olly ignorant1 z !y _h nei!r s*ools nor tea*]s1 & _! m9i/]s 7 almo/ :olly illit]ate4 ,at ,rock-we/ ,i f\nd a v intellig5t color$ man :o _h att5d$ s*ool at ,selma1 ,ala41 = a few ye>s4 ,he own$ 8 home & ran a small groc]y4 ,he told ( ! h>d%ips ) :i* he _h to cont5d 9 build+ up 8 bus9ess1 & ( ! almo/ hopeless condition ( ! ,negroes ab\t !re4 ,he said t !y usually made money ea* ye>1 b t !y did n "k h[ to keep x4 ,! m]*ants w\ld induce !m to buy buggies1 ma*9es1 clocks1 etc41 b w\ld nev] enc\rage !m to buy homes4 ,we 7 v mu* pleas$ ) ! reception :i* ,mr4 ,d>r+ton gave u1 & felt v mu* l putt+ into practise our ,/ate motto1 ,"h ,we ,re/1 at 8 home1 b our objective po9t = ! day 0 ,fatama1 sixte5 miles away4 ,on our j\rney t aft]noon we saw hundr$s ( ,negro "o-room log cab9s4 ,"s ( ^! 7 locat$ 9 ! d5se swamps & "s on ! hills1 :ile o!rs 7 miles away f ! public road4 ,mo/ ( ^! p _h nev] se5 a locomotive4 ,we rea*$ ,fatama ab\t sev5 o'clock t night1 & "h = ! fir/ "t we 7 compell$ to divide our cr[d 9 ord] to get a night's lodg+4 ,ea* ( u _h to sp5d ! night 9 a "o-room cab94 ,x 0 my privilege to sp5d ! night ) ,uncle ,jake1 a jovial old man1 a local celebrity4 ,aft] tell+ him ( our we>y j\rney1 he imm$iately made prep>ation = me to retire4 ,?is 0 done by cutt+ (f my b$ f ! rema9d] ( ! cab9 by hang+ up a %eet on a scre54 ,:ile some:at inconv5i5t1 my re/ t night 0 pleasant1 & ! next morn+ f\nd me v mu* refre%$ & ready = ano!r day's j\rney4 ,our company assembl$ at ,uncle ,jake's = breakfa/1 aft] :i* we />t$ = ,p9eapple4 ,we f\nd ! condition ( ! ,negroes betwe5 ,fatama & ,p9eapple mu* ! same z t ( ^? we _h se5 ! previ\s day4 ,no s*oolh\se 0 to be se51 b occasionally we w\ld see a *ur* at ! cross-roads4 ,we rea*$ ,p9eapple late 9 ! aft]noon4 ,f ,p9eapple we w5t to ,gre5ville1 & f ,gre5ville to ,=t ,deposit1 & f ,=t ,deposit we return$ to ,sn[ ,hill1 aft] hav+ travel$ a di/ance ( #aeg miles & visit+ f\r c\nties4 ,9 ?ree ( ^! c\nties !re is a color$ population ( #db1haj betwe5 ! ages ( five & tw5ty ye>s1 & a :ite population ( #g1fjh ( ! same ages4 ,9 fact1 ! ,negro s*ool population ( ,wilcox & ! sev5 adjo9+ c\nties is z foll[s3 ,wilcox1 #aa1fbc2 ,dallas1 #ah1bib2 ,l[ndes1 #ac1jdd2 ,monroe1 #e1fae2 ,butl]1 #e1ibd2 ,m>5go1 #ab1cfb2 ,cl>k1 #f1hih2 ,p]ry1 #aj1gbc2 mak+ a total ( #he1dii4 ,speak+ ( public s*ools 9 ! s5se t educators use ! t]m1 ! color$ p 9 ?is section h none4 ,( c\rse1 !re are s-call$ public s*ools "h & !re1 runn+ f ?ree to five mon?s 9 ! ye> & pay+ ! tea*]s f #g4ej to #ah p] mon?2 b ! tea*]s are incompet5t1 & ! s*ools are usually 9 ! h&s ( ^? n too mu* int]e/$ 9 ! cause ( education4 ,_m ( ^! tru/ees d n visit ! s*ools once 9 t5 ye>s1 & !y "k absolutely no?+ ( ! me?ods ( discipl9e ev5 us$ by ! tea*]s4 ,our trip ?r\gh ?is section reveal$ ! foll[+ facts3 7#a7 ,t :ile _m opportunities 7 d5i$ our p1 !y abus$ _m privileges2 7#b7 t !re 0 a color$ population1 9 ?is section visit$1 ( m ?an #bjj1jjj1 & a s*ool population ( #he1dii2 7#c7 t ! p 7 ignorant & sup]/iti\s2 7#d7 t ! tea*]s & prea*]s = ! mo/ "p 7 ( ! same condition2 7#e7 t !re 7 no public or private libr>ies & read+-rooms to :i* !y _h access2 7#f7 t1 /rictly speak+1 !re 7 no public s*ools & only "o private "o4 ,n[ :at c be expect$ ( any p 9 su* a condition8 ,c ! bl9d lead ! bl9d8 ,!y c\ld n 9 ! days ( old1 & x is n likely t !y c n[4 ,aft] ?is trip ?r\gh ! ,black ,belt ,i 0 m conv9c$ ?an ev] be=e ( ! great ne$ ( an indu/rial s*ool 9 ! v mid/ ( ^! p2 a s*ool t w\ld correct ! errone\s ideas ! p held ( education2 a s*ool t w\ld put mo/ /ress ^u ! ?+s :i* ! p 7 mo/ likely to h to d ) ?r\gh life2 a s*ool t w\ld endeavor to make education practical r ?an !oretical2 a s*ool t w\ld tra9 m5 & wom5 to be good work]s1 good lead]s1 good husb&s1 good wives1 & f9ally tra9 !m to be fit citiz5s ( ! ,/ate1 & prop] subjects = ! k+dom ( ,god4 ,) ?is idea ! ,sn[ ,hill ,normal & ,indu/rial ,in/itute 0 />t$ t5 ye>s ago 9 an old1 dilapidat$1 "o-room log cab9 ) "o tea*]1 ?ree /ud5ts1 & no ,/ate appropriation1 & )\t any *ur* or society responsible = "o doll> ( its exp5ses4 ,aside f ?is un=tunate /ate ( affairs1 ! condition ( ! p 0 mo/ mis]able4 ,?is 0 due p>tly to poor crops & p>tly to bad managem5t on _! "p4 ,9 _m in/ances ! t5ants 7 n only unable to pay _! debts1 b 7 also unable to pay _! r5ts4 ,9 a few cases ! l&lords _h to provide1 at _! own exp5se1 provisions = _! t5ants4 ,?is 0 simply ano!r way ( e/abli%+ s\p-h\ses on ! plantations4 ,! idea ( buy+ l& 0 =eign to all ( !m1 & !re 7 n m ?an tw5ty acres ( l& own$ by ! color$ p 9 ?is :ole neighborhood4 ,! *ur*es & s*ools 7 practically clos$1 :ile crime & immorality 7 rampant4 ,! c>ry+ ( m5 & wom5 to ! *a9-gang 0 a frequ5t occurr5ce4 ,aside f all ?is1 ^! p believ$ t ! end ( education 0 to free _! *ildr5 f manual labor r ?an prep>e !m = m & bett] "w4 ,!y 7 v mu* oppos$ to indu/rial education4 ,:5 ! s*ool 0 />t$1 _m ( ! p>5ts came to ! s*ool & =bade our work+ _! *ildr51 /at+ z _! objection t _! *ildr5 _h be5 work+ all _! lives1 & !y did n mean to s5d !m to s*ool to le>n to "w4 ,n only did !y =bid our hav+ _! *ildr5 "w1 b _m took _! *ildr5 out ( s*ool r ?an h !m d s4 ,a good deal ( ?is opposition 0 kept up by illit]ate prea*]s & incompet5t tea*]s1 "h & !re1 :o _h n _h any p>ticul> tra9+ = _! pr(ession4 ,9 fact1 n9ety-eight p] c5t ( !m _h att5d$ no s*ool4 ,we cont9u$1 h[ev]1 to keep ! indu/rial plank 9 our plat=m1 & ye> aft] ye> "s additional indu/ry 0 add$ until we n[ h ?irte5 indu/ries 9 con/ant op]ation4 ,agriculture is ! =emo/ & basic indu/ry ( ! in/itution4 ,we d ?is because we are 9 a f>m+ section & n9ety-five p] c5t ( ! p 9 ?is section dep5d ^u "s =m ( agriculture = a livelihood4 ,h[ *ang$ are ! conditions n[ z reg>ds our "w6 ,f ! little "o-room log cab91 ! s*ool has gr[n s t x n[ owns #ajj acres ( l&1 #ad build+s1 c\nt+ l>ge & small1 ) prop]ty valu$ at #cg1jjj4 ,f ?ree /ud5ts1 x has gr[n s t we n[ h a s*ool ) m ?an f\r hundr$ /ud5ts annually 9 att5dance1 repres5t+ m ?an a doz5 ,alabama c\nties & sev5 ,/ates4 ,x has also gr[n f "o to tw5ty tea*]s & (fic]s4 ,includ+ ! class t graduat$ la/ t]m1 ?irty-sev5 h f9i%$ ! c\rse4 ,all are liv+ b "o4 ,no *>ge ( crim9al wrong-do+ has be5 br\ght aga9/ ev5 "o ( !m4 ,"o ( ! "y wom5 is m>ri$ to ! head tea*]1 ano!r to ! sup]9t5d5t ( indu/ries1 & sev5 o!r graduates are employ$ 9 responsible positions by ! s*ool4 ,"o ( ^! has tak5 a special c\rse at ,h>v>d ,univ]sity1 ?ree h tak5 additional c\rses at ,tuskegee1 "o is 9 *>ge ( ! woman's dep>tm5t ( a l>ge s*ool 9 ,mississippi1 two h f\nd$ s*ools ( _! own1 "o at ,tild51 ,ala41 ! o!r at ,gre5sboro1 ,ala4 ,all h rema9$ 9 ! c\ntry among ! masses :om !y are help+ to uplift1 & mo/ ( !m 9 ,wilcox ,c\nty1 ! c\nty 9 :i* ! s*ool is locat$4 ,( ! ?irty-sev5 graduates1 tw5ty-sev5 own _! own homes4 ,aside f ! graduates1 ab\t five hundr$ o!rs h be5 "u ! influ5ce ( ! s*ool = a long] or %ort] p]iod2 _m ( ^! are mak+ exceptionally good records4 ,! gr[? on ! "p ( ! p has kept correspond+ pace ) ! gr[? ( ! in/itution4 ,! f>m]s1 :o t5 ye>s ago dep5d$ :olly on ! l&lords = food supplies1 h gr[n to be indep5d5t1 rais+ mo/ ( _! own supplies4 ,!y are rapidly pass+ f ! r5t]s' class to ! own]s' class2 !y are possess+ !mselves ( ! soil4 ,?is may be se5 f ! fact t t5 ye>s ago !y own$ 9 ?is c\nty b tw5ty acres ( l&2 to-day !y own #d1jjj acres ( l&4 ,_m ( ! mo/ prosp]\s f>m]s h op5$ bank-acc\nts4 ,! p no long] oppose indu/rial education2 !y n[ refuse to s5d _! *ildr5 to any s*ool :]e !y c n secure "s indu/rial education4 ,= our "p we f9d x :olly impossible to accommodate all :o come to u f "t to "t to take ! trades' in/ruction4 ,! *ur*es h]eab\t h be5 reviv$1 new & bett] s*oolh\ses h be5 built1 & ! c\nty s*ool t]ms ext5d$ 9 _m cases f two & ?ree to five & six mon?s2 compet5t tea*]s & prea*]s1 bo? intellectually & morally1 h be5 employ$4 ,crime & immorality are be+ uproot$1 & virtue & civic righte\sness are be+ plant$ 9 _! /ead4 ,! comm]cial & economic conditions h improv$ 9 e way1 & !re 0 nev] a m cordial relation exi/+ betwe5 ! races 9 ?is section ?an n[4 ,) ^! ?+s true1 ! "o-room log cab9 c n survive1 & is rapidly giv+ way to h\ses hav+ ?ree1 f\r1 &1 9 "s places1 six & sev5 rooms4 ,aft] hav+ be5 "h at ,sn[ ,hill = a few ye>s1 we felt t :ile we 7 help+ ! *ildr5 9 ! class-room1 some?+ %\ld be done to help ! p>5ts2 s we organiz$ :at we call ! ,sn[ ,hill ,negro ,conf]5ce1 on ,janu>y #ac1 #ahig4 ,?is conf]5ce is model$ aft] ! fam\s ,tuskegee ,negro ,conf]5ces1 & meets once a ye>4 ,at ?is conf]5ce ! f>m]s f ?is & ! adjo9+ c\nties come toge!r4 ,!re 7 #ejj at our la/ conf]5ce4 ,! s*ool is almo/ :olly giv5 up to f>m]s on ,conf]5ce day4 ,"h we li/5 to educational1 religi\s1 moral1 & f9ancial reports f _m sections4 ,^? :o h succe$$1 tell ! o!rs h[ !y h done s1 & ^? :o h n succe$$ tell h[ !y are try+ to succe$4 ,f ^! annual meet+s ! f>m]s get new ideas1 new in=mation1 & take fre% c\rage2 !y return to _! f>ms m det]m9$ to succe$ ?an ev] be=e4 ,:5 we comm5c$ ^! meet+s ! reports 7 disc\rag+1 & f _m sections ! condition ( ! race !reab\t seem$ hopeless4 ,_m said t 9 ! same section !y c\ld n buy l& at any price4 ,!re 7 only tw5ty acres ( l& report$ at ! fir/ conf]5ce4 ,at ! la/ "o1 reports %[$ t ! p _h pur*as$ m ?an f\r ?\s& acres s9ce ! beg9n+ ( ^! conf]5ces sev5 ye>s ago4 ,at our fir/ meet+ ! reports %[$ t ! "o-room log-cab9 home 0 ! rule2 at our la/ meet+ x _h become ! exception4 ,^! conf]5ces h tri$ all along to induce ! p to raise m ( _! own food-supplies4 ,we also wag$ a ceaseless w> ^u ! "o-room log-cab9 home1 :i* has result$ 9 almo/ annihilat+ !m4 ,?is w> %all nev] cease until !re is n a "o-room log cab9 left 9 all ?is section4 ,! "o-room log cab9 is a pe/il5t m5ace to dec5t liv+4 ,foll[+ ! f>m]s' conf]5ce1 we h ! work]s' conf]5ce dur+ vacation4 ,?is conf]5ce is *iefly compos$ ( tea*]s & prea*]s1 & repres5ts an idea got f ,tuskegee4 ,9 ?is conf]5ce we get a cle> idea ( :at ! tea*]s & prea*]s are do+1 ! me?ods !y are pursu+1 & ! results be+ a*iev$4 ,! tea*]s are enc\rag$ to make education less !oretical & m practical2 ! prea*]s are urg$ to prea* to our p less ( ! dy+ religion & m ( ! liv+ religion4 ,:ile !y are enc\rag$ to build bett] s*oolh\ses & *ur*es1 !y are also rem9d$ ( ! fact t ^! are n ! ends1 b only ! means to an end2 t !y are only ( value 9 proportion z !y c be us$ to build up a hopeful & noble life 9 ! communities :]e !y are locat$4 ,h[ev] mu* ! mat]ial side may be held up to !m1 !y are told t 9 ! la/ analysis ! spiritual is always ! end4 ,! reports at our la/ ,work]s' ,conf]5ce 7 mo/ enc\rag+4 ,:]ev] ! intellig5t tea*] & prea*] h gone1 ! condition ( ! p has be5 improv$4 ,to my m9d ?is demon/rates mo/ cle>ly t ! great ne$ ( our p is intellig5t lead]s1 & x is ?is t we ask =2 x is ?is = :i* ,sn[ ,hill is /riv+4 ,:ile mu* good is be+ accompli%$ ?r\gh ! ,work]s' ,conf]5ce1 ! ,black ,belt ,improvem5t ,society1 :i* ,i h organiz$1 deals m directly ) ! p 9 our imm$iate neighborhood4 ,! aim ( ?is society is cle>ly set =? 9 its con/itution1 a "p ( :i* is z foll[s3 #a4 ,?is society %all be kn[n z ! ,black ,belt ,improvem5t ,society4 ,its object %all be ! g5]al uplift ( ! p ( ! ,black ,belt ( ,alabama2 to make !m bett] morally1 m5tally1 spiritually1 & f9ancially4 #b4 ,x %all be ! object ( ! ,black ,belt ,improvem5t ,society to1 z f> z possible1 elim9ate ! cr$it sy/em f our social fabric2 to /imulate 9 all memb]s ! desire to raise1 z f> z possible1 all _! food supplies at home1 & pay ca% = :atev] may be pur*as$ at ! /ores4 #c4 ,to br+ ab\t a sy/em ( coop]ation 9 ! pur*ase ( :at supplies c n be rais$ at home :]ev] x c be done to advantage4 #d4 ,to discuss topics ( int]e/ to ! communities 9 :i* ! v>i\s societies may be organiz$1 & topics relat+ to ! g5]al welf>e ( ! race1 & especially to f>m]s4 #e4 ,to tea* ! p to practise ! /ricte/ economy1 & especially to obta9 & diffuse su* in=mation among f>m]s z %all lead to ! improvem5t & div]sification ( crops1 9 ord] to create 9 f>m]s a desire = homes & bett] home conditions1 & to /imulate a love = labor 9 bo? old & "y4 ,ea* local organization may (f] small prizes = ! cleane/ & be/-kept h\se1 ! be/ pea-pat*1 & ! be/ e> ( corn1 etc4 #f4 ,to aid ea* o!r 9 sickness & 9 dea?2 = ?is purpose a fee ( t5 c5ts w be collect$ f ea* memb] e mon? & held sacr$1 to be us$ = no o!r purpose :atev]4 #g4 ,x %all be "o ( ! great objects ( ?is society to /imulate its memb]s to acquire homes1 & urge ^? :o already possess homes to improve & beautify !m4 #h4 ,to urge our memb]s to pur*ase only ! ?+s t are absolutely necess>y4 #i4 ,to ex]t our e ef=t to oblit]ate ^? evils :i* t5d to de/roy our "* & our homes1 su* z intemp]ance1 gambl+1 & social impurity4 #aj4 ,to refra9 f sp5d+ money & "t fooli%ly or 9 unpr(itable ways2 to take an int]e/ 9 ! c>e ( our highways1 9 ! pay+ ( our taxes1 & ! education ( our *ildr52 to plant %ade trees1 repair our y>d f5ces1 & 9 g5]al1 z f> z possible1 br+ our home life up to ! highe/ /&>ds ( civilization4 ,?is society has sev]al /&+ committees1 z foll[s3 on gov]nm5t1 on education1 on bus9ess1 on h\sekeep+1 on labor1 & on f>m+4 ,! *airman ( ^! respective committees holds mon?ly meet+s 9 ! v>i\s communities1 at :i* "t v>i\s topics p]ta9+ to ! welf>e & uplift ( ! p are discuss$4 ,z a result ( ^! meet+s ! p return to _! homes ) new inspiration4 ,^! meet+s are do+ good 9 ! communities :]e !y are be+ held1 & our s9c]e hope is t su* meet+s may be ext5d$4 ,! ills t mo/ ret>d ! ,negroes ( ! rural ,s\? are s\ght to be rea*$ by ! s*ool & by ! sev]al organizations :i* h be5 organiz$ by x4 ,^! articles ( ! simple con/itution g to ! v bottom ( ! conditions4 ,if "o w\ld aga9 take ! trip :i* ,i made 9 ! summ] ( #ahic1 he w\ld f9d t two-?irds ( ! l& ly+ betwe5 ,sn[ ,hill & ,c>l[ville1 a di/ance ( sev5 miles1 is n[ own$ & controll$ entirely by ,negroes4 ,9 ,c>l[ville1 in/ead ( ! old "o-room-cab9 *ur*1 !re is a beautiful *ur* ) glass w9d[s4 ,an acre ( l& has be5 b\ght1 & a neat & com=table s*oolh\se ) glass w9d[s has be5 erect$1 & a graduate ( my s*ool is ! tea*]4 ,_m families 9 t section are n[ own+ homes4 ,a great revolution is also tak+ place 9 ,tild54 ,john ,?omas1 "o ( our graduates1 ,class ( '#ja1 has gone into ?is place1 induc$ ! p to buy ?irty acres ( l&1 on :i* !y h erect$ a spl5did build+ hav+ two rooms1 & ! s*ool is be+ conduct$ sev5 mon?s 9 ! ye>4 ,_m f>m]s 9 ?is section are n[ own+ homes1 "s ( !m own+ z mu* z #djj acres ( l&4 ,?is improvem5t is /eadily go+ on 9 all sections :]e ! influ5ce ( our s*ool has rea*$4 ,?us x w be se5 t ! "w 9 ! class-room is only a small "p ( :at we are try+ to d = ! uplift ( ! ,negro p 9 ! ,black ,belt4 ,9 ord] t ?is good "w may be pu%$ m rapidly1 x is necess>y t we give "s "t to ?is p>ticul> movem5t4 ,?is c only be done by our hav+ "h a /rong & heal?y in/itution ) an end[m5t suffici5tly l>ge to relieve u ( our great f9ancial burd54 ,an adequate end[m5t w\ld meet ?is ne$4 ,:ile we are anxi\s to raise an end[m5t fund1 our burd5 c\ld be p>tially reliev$ by ! s*ool secur+ possession ( a l>ge plantation 9 ! neighborhood :i* is n[1 & has be5 = ?ree ye>s1 (f]$ to u4 ,?is plantation conta9s betwe5 ?ree ?\s& & f\r ?\s& acres ( l&1 & c be b\ght = #cj1jjj1 & w\ld af=d u unb\nd$ opportunity = ! ext5sion ( ! agricultural features ( our "w1 :i* w\ld enable u to raise m1 if n all1 ( our food supplies4 ,i h tri$ z simply z possible 9 ?is article to /ate ! real condition ( ! p 9 ! ,black ,belt section ( ?is ,/ate1 & to tell h[ we are try+ to cope ) ^! conditions4 ,our con/ant feel+ is t !re is s mu* to be done1 & t s little has be5 accompli%$4 ,9 clos+3 ,! inspiration d]iv$ at ,tuskegee2 ! in/ruction giv5 9 %op1 & field1 & class-room2 ! guid+ h& ( its illu/ri\s ,pr9cipal--all ( ^! h _h _! impress ^u me & h urg$ me to d$icate myself unres]v$ly to ^! p1 among :om ,i 0 re>$1 among :om ,i %all cont9ue to labor1 among :om ,i %all at ! la/ be buri$4 ,,xi ,a ,,dairyman',s ,,/ory ,,by ,,lewis ,a4 ,,smi? ,9 any attempt to write a /ory ( my life & "w1 ! "w feature mu/ pr$om9ate4 ,i 0 born ,m>* #bg1 #ahgg1 at ,l\isville1 ,ky4 ,my fa!r & "m 7 slaves ( old ,georgia /ock4 ,my fa!r1 aft] fre$om1 0 = a "t p]mitt$ to att5d ,h[>d ,univ]sity1 ,wa%+ton1 ,d4 ,c4 ,he 0 a c&y-mak]4 ,my "m att5d$ ,atlanta ,univ]sity4 ,9 #ahgh my p>5ts left ,atlanta1 :]e my two bro!rs 7 born1 & locat$ 9 ,l\isville4 ,leav+ ,l\isville 9 #ahha1 ! family mov$ to ,*icago1 ,ill41 :]e ,i liv$ until ,i ent]$ ,tuskegee ,in/itute1 ( :i* my "m & ,i _h he>d mu*4 ,aft] rea*+ ,*icago1 my p>5ts e/abli%$ a confection]y /ore4 ,my e>li] days 7 mo/ly sp5t beh9d ! c\nt] 9 ! /ore1 n z a cl]k help+ to e>n pr(its1 b 9 an endeavor to make pr(its disappe>4 ,i 0 mu* 9 love ) ! nice ?+s we _h = sale4 ,an un=tunate family incid5t 9 #ahhb result$ 9 plac+ my two bro!rs & me 9 ! cu/ody ( my "m4 ,our *ildhood pleasures 7 m>r$ by ?is affair4 ,al?\gh ,i 0 too "y to fully und]/& ! situation1 ,i realiz$ t ,i lack$ ! pleasures t o!r *ildr5 _h2 ,i realiz$ ! abs5ce ( t pat]nal c>e & affection t o!r *ildr5 enjoy$--! home 0 n complete4 ,i c n recall my *ildhood ) any special pleasure4 ,i ent]$ ! public s*ools ( ,*icago :5 ,i 0 sev5 ye>s ( age4 ,i made a v good record 9 my /udies1 atte/$ by ! fact t ,i made two grades ! fir/ ye>1 & "o grade ) excell5t m>ks ea* succe$+ ye> !reaft]4 ,my deportm5t 0 n exempl>y4 ,i c rememb] occasions :5 ,i 0 sev]ely reprim&$ = be+ abs5t f s*ool )\t an excuse1 hav+ gone fi%+1 or ba?+ 9 ,lake ,mi*igan1 or skat+ 9 ! p>ks 9 w9t]4 ,illu/ration3 ,,9 ,,! ,,dairy4 ,/ud5ts us+ sep>ators4 ,t 0 be=e ! compulsory s*ool law w5t into effect1 or at lea/ be=e x affect$ me4 ,i 0 n1 h[ev]1 a bad boy4 ,i 0 nei!r r\gh nor t\gh2 ,i _h no bad habits o!r ?an smok+ corn-silk cig>ettes1 & ,i soon /opp$ t z ! novelty ( ! ?+ wore (f4 ,my "y m9d & body requir$ recreation4 ,unlike ! *ildr5 ( ! ,s\?1 :o _h ?ree mon?s ( s*ool & n9e mon?s ( play or "w 9 ! fields1 ,i _h n9e mon?s ( s*ool & ?ree mon?s ( play4 ,i ?\ght ! ratio 0 9 ! wrong proportion4 ,b z ,i grew old] ,i became m settl$ & m int]e/$ 9 my /udies4 ,al?\gh dur+ ! great] portion ( my s*ool life 9 ,*icago ,i 0 ! sole ,negro pupil 9 my classes1 yet ,i d n rememb] a s+le occasion :5 prejudice 0 level$ at me by tea*] or s*oolmate4 ,e>ly1 aft] ?r[+ (f my wildness1 ,i realiz$ ! ne$ & ! advantage ( possess+ an education1 &1 hav+ su* excell5t facilities at h&1 det]m9$ to become educat$1 & dilig5tly pursu$ t object4 ,j z ,i 0 ab\t to ent] ! eigh? grade1 h[ev]1 ,i _h to give up go+ to s*ool1 & g to "w4 ,i secur$ employm5t ) a wood-engrav+ firm z g5]al (fice- & err&-boy4 ,my wages 7 #b4ej a week4 ,ab\t fifty c5ts ( ?is sum ,i sp5t ea* week = c>-f>e & incid5tals4 ,z ,i liv$ ?ree miles f my "w x w\ld h be5 necess>y = me to sp5d my :ole all[ance = c>-f>e _h ,i n /ol5 rides on railroad tra9s4 ,i (t5 wond] n[ h[ ,i c\ld h jump$ on & (f swift-mov+ tra9s1 day aft] day1 )\t receiv+ "s s]i\s injury4 ,surely ,provid5ce mu/ h protect$ me 9 my endeavor to save my scanty e>n+s4 ,my clo?+ did n co/ mu*1 z ,i 0 ! happy recipi5t ( ! ca/-(f clo!s ( ! old] memb]s ( ! family4 ,my "w 0 agreeable & my employ] 0 g5]\sly sympa!tic4 ,realiz+ t wood-engrav+ & illu/rat+ w\ld (f] remun]ative employm5t1 ,i s\ght to le>n ! trade1 b 0 told t ,i w\ld h to s]ve an appr5tice%ip ( six mon?s )\t pay2 t preclud$ all hope ( le>n+ t trade4 ,manhood approa*$ be=e ,i 0 prep>$ to d any?+4 ,i did n e>n mu* 9 my y\?1 & c\ld n expect to e>n mu* 9 manhood )\t prep>ation4 ,i !n resolv$ to ent] s*ool aga91 b ! exp5se ( a ?or\gh c\rse 0 an app>5tly insurm\ntable ob/acle4 ,i _h be5 unable to save mu* f my meag] all[ance4 ,i _h he>d ( ! ,tuskegee ,in/itute & ( ! opportunities !re (f]$ to poor "y m5 & wom54 ,i decid$ to ent] t s*ool4 ,a fri5d help$ me to pur*ase an excursion ticket to ,atlanta1 ,ga41 :]e 0 be+ held ! ,cotton-,/ates & ,int]national ,exposition4 ,i left ,*icago 9 ,novemb]1 & aft] two days sp5t 9 ,atlanta ) relatives & 9 see+ ! sights1 ,i ex*ang$ my return c\pon = a ticket to ,tuskegee4 ,i arriv$ at ,*ehaw1 ! /ation :]e pass5g]s transf] = ,tuskegee1 & tak+ passage 9 a wagonette1 a crude sub/itute = our mod]n means ( int]urban transit--! little tra9 0 n runn+ on t day--we drove ?r\gh a picturesque c\ntry ab\nd+ 9 woods1 vales1 & cultivat$ fields1 occasionally com+ across l&m>ks ( antebellum days4 ,"h "o 0 really 9 communion ) ,nature1 s diff]5t x 0 f ! massive specim5s ( ar*itecture1 ! clatt] ( horses on ! cobble/one pavem5t1 ! rattle ( elevat$ tra9s1 & ! activity ( comm]cial life ( ! ,we/]n metropolis f :i* ,i _h come4 ,z we rea*$ high elevations glimpses ( ! in/itution came into view4 ,tuskegee 0 a surprise to me2 x surpass$ my fonde/ hope4 ,! maje/ic build+s1 ! monum5ts to ! fidelity & build+ skill ( pa/ classes1 ! well-design$ l&scape ar*itecture1 made me feel t ,i _h at la/ f\nd ! place :]e ,i c\ld be prep>$ = real life4 ,i receiv$ a cordial welcome f ! tea*]s2 also f ! /ud5ts1 especially f ^? connect$ ) ! religi\s & lit]>y organizations1 ( :i* !re are q a numb]4 ,:5 ask$ ! indu/ry ,i wi%$ to le>n1 ,i *ose t ( agriculture4 ,l hundr$s ( boys conf9$ to city environm5t1 ,i _h a crav+ = ,nature1 a fondness = live /ock1 & = all t ,i %\ld come 9 contact ) :ile tak+ t c\rse4 ,i work$ dur+ ! daytime ! fir/ ye> & att5d$ s*ool at night1 !reby acquir+ exp]i5ce & accumulat+ a cr$it to apply to my bo>d :5 ,i %\ld ent] ! day-s*ool4 ,soon aft] ent]+ ! agricultural dep>tm5t ,i _h made su* progress t ,i 0 plac$ 9 *>ge ( ! hotb$s & grew vegetables all w9t]4 ,x 0 a m>vel\s accompli%m5t ) me1 = ,i c\ld n h gr[n !m ev5 9 ! summ] be=e ,i ent]$ t dep>tm5t4 ,! c>e ( ! v>i\s se$s us$ on ! f>m 0 also 9 my *>ge4 ,?is privilege af=d$ me opportunities = se$-te/+ & = obs]v+ plant developm5t2 x 0 all v in/ructive4 ,:ile att5d+ ! academic classes at night1 ! daytime 0 devot$ entirely to /udy 9 ! v>i\s divisions ( ! agricultural dep>tm5t4 ,at ! expiration ( my fir/ ye> z a night-s*ool /ud5t1 ,i ent]$ day-s*ool1 devot+ ab\t equal "t to academic & agricultural classes1 & a small portion ( ! "t to ! /udy ( music1 be+ a memb] ( ! ,in/itute brass b&1 & 9 my la/ ye> a memb] ( ! or*e/ra4 ,dur+ my second summ]'s vacation ,i w5t into ! s\!rn "p ( ,montgom]y ,c\nty1 ,ala41 9 se>* ( a s*ool to tea*4 ,!re 0 no s*oolh\se1 no s*ool fund1 nor any appropriation available except = a ?ree mon?s' t]m dur+ ! w9t]4 ,aft] fur!r canvass ,i 0 p]mitt$ to op5 a s*ool 9 ! little *ur* at ,/rata1 ,ala4 ,! l>ge att5dance ( pupils & _! eag]ness to le>n won my sympa?y & ,i w\ld gladly h plant$ a sprig ( ,tuskegee !re _h ,i n _h /rong incl9ations = a comm]cial life4 ,i conduct$ a class 9 agriculture = ! b5efit ( ! f>m]s4 ,i believe x 0 helpful to !m4 ,my sp>e "t 0 sp5t 9 go+ ?r\gh ! c\ntry not+ ! wa/e ( ! l& & ! lack ( ent]prise among ! own]s & t5ants1 due 9 l>ge measure1 ,i am sure1 to ! mortgage sy/em & ! deep ignorance ( ! p4 ,mo/ ( ! ev5+s ,i sp5t li/5+ to ! t]rible /ories ( slav]y days f ! lips ( ^? :o _h pass$ ?r\gh !m4 ,9 ! mid/ ( ?is s]vice ,i receiv$ a telegram ann\nc+ ! dea? ( my "m4 ,i 0 too f> f home to return 9 "t to see ! la/ ( h]1 ev5 if ,i _h _h ! means to d s4 ,i 0 9 grief2 ,i _h su/a9$ a great loss2 %e 0 my all1 my "m4 ,i return$ to ,tuskegee & graduat$ ) ! ,class ( '#ih4 ,i am grateful to ,tuskegee ,in/itute1 to ! g5ius ( ,mr4 ,wa%+ton1 = ! opportunities ,i _h to acquire an education2 to ! memb]s ( ! ,faculty = _! assi/ance1 & to my fa!r1 :o gave me mu* ( mat]ial aid & enc\ragem5t4 ,aft] graduat+1 ,i sp5t two mon?s at special "w 9 ! s*ool dairy2 !n1 ) ! assi/ance ( my fa!r1 ,i secur$ a position ) ! ,=e/ ,city ,cream]y ,company ( ,rock=d1 ,ill4 ,ent]+ ?is company's employ ab\t ! #ae? ( ,augu/1 #ahih1 ,i h be5 employ$ ev] s9ce at ! same place4 ,! ,=e/ ,city ,cream]y is "o ( ! l>ge/ butt]-mak+ conc]ns 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 av]ag+ tw5ty ?\s& p\nds ( butt] p] day4 ,we make two grades ( butt]1 kn[n z process1 or r5ovat$1 & cream]y butt]4 ,!re are employ$ at ?is plant ab\t sev5ty-five p]sons4 ,my "w consi/s 9 :at is kn[n to ! trade z />t]-mak+ & prep>+ ! flavor = ! butt]4 ,! "w is bact]iological1 propagat+ a species ( bact]ia :i* produces ! pleasant aroma & flavor ( good butt]4 ,x requires n only an und]/&+ ( bact]iology1 b skill$ workman%ip & e>ne/ att5tion to details4 ,! secret processes ( ?is company are kn[n to a close gr\p only1 ( :i* ,i am "o4 ,my "w "h has be5 entirely successful & satisfactory to my employ]s1 if ,i may judge f a highly complim5t>y int]view ) "o ( ! (fic]s ( ! company reg>d+ my "w1 publi%$ 9 "o ( ! lead+ daily newspap]s ( ,rock=d1 & ! fact t ,i am n[ receiv+ d\ble my initial wages4 ,i h a record n surpass$ by any o!r employee ( ?is company4 ,betwe5 ,june #bd1 #aija1 foll[+ a w$d+-trip to ,tuskegee1 & ,augu/ #ae1 #aijd1 :5 we visit$ ! ,/4 ,l\is ,exposition1 ,i h work$ ea* day at ! ,cream]y1 includ+ ,sundays & holidays1 my "w requir+ t ,i d s4 ,^! #a1aee consecutive days ( labor 7 made possible by a total ab/95ce f all intoxicat+ liquors & tobacco4 ,my success "h c be cr$it$ to ! effici5t tra9+ ,i receiv$ at ,tuskegee4 ,x is n well = man to live alone4 ,foll[+ ?is injunction ,i h tak5 unto myself a helpmeet1 :o is all t ! ^w implies1 lov+1 economical1 & well tra9$ 9 dome/ic arts4 ,%ortly aft] our m>riage we began pay+ = a home ( elev5 rooms locat$ 9 a good resid5ce portion ( ! city4 ,! l[] "p ( ! h\se1 conta9+ six rooms1 we occupy1 & h com=tably furni%$2 ! up-/airs portion1 conta9+ five rooms1 we r5t to a family ( :ite p2 ! r5t we receive equals ! int]e/ on ! inve/m5t4 ,we h "o *ild1 a little girl two ye>s old1 :o furni%es sun%9e to an already happy home4 ,our h\se is surr\nd$ by a lawn ) %ade- & fruit-trees1 & _m fl[]-b$s4 ,! back y>d conta9s a g>d5 ) b]ry plants1 a well-built & well-arrang$ p\ltry-h\se1 a y>d conta9+ a flock ( pure-br$ f[ls1 ! nucleus ( a future ent]prise1 & a b>n ) a good horse1 a buggy1 etc41 = our pleasure & conv5i5ce4 ,my ambition :5 leav+ s*ool 0 fir/ to endeavor to become indep5d5t f9ancially1 s t ,i might enjoy my old age2 !n1 if x 7 possible1 to ga9 t indep5d5ce e>ly 9 life by economy1 by e>n+ = myself :at ,i e>n = my employ]2 to try to make x possible = ! ,negro f>m] to sell 8 produce to ! ,negro g91 ! ,negro cotton-mill1 or cream]y1 z ! case might be2 my idea be+1 by ?is community ( int]e/1 to help ! ,negro p ab\t me to help !mselves & _! fell[s4 ,i believe1 9 ! words ( ! motto ( ! ,class ( '#ih--my class--t we rise ^u ! /ructure we ourselves h build$4 ,i h tri$ to live ) ?is ?\ght ev] be=e me4 ,,xii ,,! ,,/ory ,,( ,a ,,:eelwright ,,by ,,edw>d ,,lomax ,i 0 born 9 ! small t[n ( ,demopolis1 9 ! we/]n "p ( ! ,/ate ( ,alabama1 ,janu>y #ag1 #ahgg4 ,my uncle 0 a :eelwright1 & ,i1 at an e>ly age1 0 l$ to desire to become an artisan su* z my uncle 04 ,i int]c$$ ) him & became ! h&y boy ar\nd ! %op 9 :i* he work$1 & pick$ up mu* useful in=mation2 b !re 0 no?+ progressive or directly helpful 9 ! "w ,i 0 p]mitt$ to d4 ,i also did "s little "w 9 blacksmi?+ :ile 9 ! %op4 ,:at to me 0 a =tunate circum/ance 0 ! meet+ ) a *ance acqua9tance :o 0 return+ f ,tuskegee ,in/itute = 8 vacation4 ,?is "y man told me mo/ gl[+ /ories ( ! ,tuskegee ,in/itute4 ,he 0 s en?usia/ic t he imp>t$ mu* ( 8 en?usiasm to me4 ,he himself 0 tak+ in/ruction 9 ! :eelwright+ division1 & c\ld give at fir/-h& ! in=mation ,i mo/ desir$4 ,! :ole ,tuskegee plan 0 outl9$ to me3 h[ ,i c\ld le>n my trade1 & at ! same "t get book in/ruction2 h[ ,i c\ld e>n by labor en\gh to c>ry me ?r\gh s*ool :ile secur+ to myself ! advantages m5tion$4 ,i _h _h to le>n by see+ o!rs d1 & x 0 n[ po9t$ out to me h[ ,i c\ld le>n by do+1 & t 0 ! ?+ ,i want$4 ,i _h be5 us$ to be+ kept f ! use ( tools & ev]y?+ t w\ld really help me to le>n :eelwright+2 ! only *ances ,i ev] _h be+ to knock ab\t ! %op1 occasionally hav+ "s wor?less job1 ) ca/-(f tools to "w )1 entru/$ to me4 ,! up%ot ( x 0 t ,i decid$ to g to ,tuskegee1 & c>efully sav$ z mu* ( my wages ( #b4ej p] week z ,i possibly c\ld1 s z to pur*ase clo?+1 books1 & ^? incid5tals insi/$ ^u by ! s*ool t ea* /ud5t mu/ h4 ,i wrote to ! s*ool1 & receiv$ a lett] f ,pr9cipal ,wa%+ton admitt+ me %\ld ,i f9d myself able to meet ! requirem5ts /at$ z foll[s3 ,no p]son w be admitt$ to ! s*ool z a /ud5t :o c n pass ! exam9ation = ! ,c ,prep>atory class4 ,to ent] ?is class "o mu/ be able to read1 write1 & und]/& addition1 subtraction1 multiplication1 & division4 ,applicants = admission mu/ be ( good moral "* & mu/ br+ at lea/ two lett]s ( recomm5dation z to _! moral "* f reliable p]sons ( _! communities4 ,! ,day-,s*ool4--,! ,day-,s*ool is int5d$ = ^? :o are able to pay all or ! great] "p ( _! exp5ses 9 ca%4 ,/ud5ts att5d+ ! ,day-,s*ool are requir$ to "w "o day 9 ea* week & e o!r ,saturday4 ,!y mu/ also be f\rte5 ye>s ( age1 ( good physique1 & able to pass ! exam9ation = ! ,c ,prep>atory class1 z /at$ above4 ,! ,night-,s*ool4--,! requirem5ts = ent]+ ! ,night-,s*ool are ! same z = ent]+ ! ,day-,s*ool1 ) ! additional requisites3 ,applicants mu/ be fully sixte5 ye>s ( age in/ead ( f\rte51 & physically able to p]=m an adult's labor4 ,cripples are "u no circum/ances admitt$ to ?is dep>tm5t4 ,! ,night-,s*ool is design$ = "y m5 & wom5 :o e>ne/ly desire to educate !mselves1 b :o are too poor to pay ev5 ! small *>ge made 9 ! ,day-,s*ool4 ,/ud5ts w n be admitt$ to ! ,night-,s*ool :o are kn[n to be able to ent] ! ,day-,s*ool2 & :5 a /ud5t has fraudul5tly ga9$ admission1 ^u discov]y ( ! deception1 mu/ ei!r ent] ! ,day-,s*ool or leave ! in/itution4 ,trades are assign$ z ne>ly z possible 9 accordance ) ! /ud5ts' desires4 ,9 assign+ "y m5 & wom5 to a trade1 _! m5tal ability & intellig5ce to grasp x1 & physical ability to p]=m ! duties requir$1 are all c>efully consid]$4 ,at ! beg9n+ ( ! s*ool ye> x (t5 happ5s t c]ta9 ( ! indu/ries are quickly fill$2 & :5 ?is happ5s1 applicants = ?is p>ticul> indu/ry are assign$ to "s o!r division until a vacancy occurs4 ,! s*ool au?orities also s5t me a c>d notify+ me z to ! s*ool's requirem5ts 9 ! way ( discipl9e4 ,^! seem$ to me to be r ov]exact+1 b ,i resolv$ to try to live up to !m if ,i %\ld be admitt$4 ,among ^! 7 ! foll[+3 ,! rules gov]n+ ! s*ool are aim$ to be ^? :i* be/ promote ! welf>e & happ9ess ( all4 ,ea* /ud5t is requir$ to h a ,bible4 ,regul> habits ( re/ & recreation are requir$4 ,no /ud5t is all[$ to leave ! gr\nds )\t p]mission4 ,male /ud5ts :5 p]mitt$ to leave ! gr\nds mu/ we> ! regulation cap4 ,no "y woman is p]mitt$ to leave ! gr\nds ( ! in/itution unless accompani$ by a tea*]4 ,! ,in/itute has adequate facilities = ba?+1 & all /ud5ts are requir$ to ba! at /at$ p]iods4 ,ba?-h\ses = "y m5 & "y wom51 ) swimm+-pools & %[]-ba? appo9tm5ts1 af=d e facility 9 ?is reg>d4 ,! use ( intoxicat+ dr9ks & ! use ( tobacco are /rictly =bidd54 ,dice-play+ & c>d-play+ are /rictly prohibit$4 ,/ud5ts are liable to be dropp$ = inability to ma/] _! /udies1 irregul>ity ( att5dance1 or = failure to comply ) ! regulations ( ! s*ool aft] due notice4 ,! dem]it+ sy/em has be5 adopt$ by ! s*ool z ! pr9cipal me?od ( discipl9e = misconduct3 #cc-a_/c dem]it m>ks con/itute a w>n+1 & ^u receiv+ ?ree w>n+s a /ud5t is liable to susp5sion or expulsion1 accord+ z ! ,executive ,c\ncil may det]m9e4 ,all non-resid5t /ud5ts are expect$ to bo>d on ! s*ool-gr\nds1 unless !re is "s good reason = a contr>y arrangem5t4 ,/ud5ts are n regi/]$ = a %ort] p]iod ?an "o mon?2 ^? :o leave be=e ! end ( a mon? are *>g$ = a full mon?'s bo>d4 ,:5 /ud5ts desire to leave ! s*ool !y are requir$ to h p>5ts or gu>dian write directly to ! ,pr9cipal = p]mission to d s4 ,! ,dean ( ! ,woman's ,dep>tm5t meets all ! "y wom5 ( ! s*ool ea* ,friday aft]noon1 & ! ,comm&ant all ( ! "y m5 e ,saturday ev5+1 at :i* times talks1 bo? in/ructive & corrective1 are giv54 ,no /ud5t is excus$ f ^! meet+s except by special p]mission4 ,/ud5ts :o sign a contract to "w a specifi$ "t at "s trade or o!r "w mu/ be releas$ f _! contract be=e application = an excuse f s*ool w be consid]$4 ,any /ud5t leav+ )\t a writt5 excuse w n be all[$ to return1 & /ud5ts "u contract w n only be dismiss$1 b w =feit :atev] ca% !re may be to _! cr$it 9 ! s*ool treasury4 ,/ud5ts mu/ settle _! acc\nts be=e leav+4 ,remittances 9 paym5t ( bills %\ld be made to ! ,pr9cipal or ,treasur] 7& n to ! /ud5t7 by po/-(fice money-ord]1 regi/]$ lett]1 or *eck4 ,/ud5ts are n all[$ to reta9 fire>ms 9 _! possession4 ,! ,comm&ant ( ,cadets w reta9 & give receipts = any br\ght4 ,l[ or pr(ane language w subject /ud5ts to sev]e discipl9e4 ,/ud5ts are liable to reprim&1 conf9em5t1 or o!r puni%m5t4 ,lett]-writ+ is subject to regulation1 & all mail- & express-packages are inspect$ & cont5ts not$4 ,/ud5ts are urg$ to write _! p>5ts at lea/ once a week4 ,w>drobes & rooms ( /ud5ts are subject to inspection & regulation by prop] (fic]s at all times1 & regul> & ?or\gh inspection ( same are made f "t to "t4 ,i 0 admitt$ 9 due c\rse ( "t4 ,i rea*$ ,tuskegee on ! #e? ( ,septemb]1 #ahif1 & aft] pur*as+ books1 etc41 my ca% assets1 #ab1 7 ab\t exhau/$4 ,i c\ld n ent] z a day-s*ool /ud5t1 z ,i did n h ! money to d s4 ,9 ! night-s*ool ,i f\nd a *ance :i* ,i gladly embrac$4 ,z ,i _h desir$1 ,i 0 assign$ to ! :eelwright division = two ye>s1 sign+ a =mal contract to t effect4 ,i sp5t ! :ole ( ea* day 9 ! %op1 att5d$ indu/rial or !ory classes two aft]noons 9 ea* week1 besides tak+ me*anical draw+ 7z all trades /ud5ts are requir$ to d71 & att5d$ ev5+ classes4 ,i appli$ myself z e>ne/ly z ,i possibly c\ld1 & lo/ no "t 9 gett+ "r d[n to bus9ess4 ,s well _h ,i done t1 t :5 a call rea*$ ! s*ool dur+ ! spr+ ( #ahig = a compet5t blacksmi?1 ,i 0 s5t to d ! "w4 ,i 0 excus$ f s*ool on ,april #ae? ( t ye> & w5t to ,%ort]'s1 ,ala41 a settlem5t ab\t eighte5 miles f ,tuskegee4 ,i rema9$ !re until ,octob]4 ,illu/ration3 ,,/ud5ts ,,at ,,"w ,,9 ,,! ,,h>ness-,,%op4 ,9 a way1 ,i reg>d$ t p]iod some:at z a vacation p]iod1 z ,i did n lose mu* "t f my classes4 ,! surr\nd+s 7 pleasant & pr(itable1 & ,i _h a *ance to ent] into ! life ( ! p & help !m a great deal4 ,:ile !re ,i e>n$ en\gh money to s5d = my bro!r & ent] him 9 ,tuskegee1 t he might h ! same *ance ,i 0 enjoy+ to get an education4 ,i want$ my bro!r to ent] ! blacksmi?-%op1 z ,i saw visions ( a blacksmi?+ & :eelwright+ bus9ess to be own$ & conduct$ by ,lomax ,bro!rs "s "t 9 ! future4 ,i also provid$ clo?+ out ( :at ,i _h e>n$ = bo? my bro!r & myself4 ,at close ( ! s*ool t]m 9 #ahih ,i 0 able to secure employm5t at ,uniont[n1 ,ala41 ) ,messrs4 ,j4 ,l4 ,dykes & ,company1 do+ a g5]al :eelwright+ & blacksmi?+ bus9ess--! l>ge/ bus9ess ( its k9d 9 ! t[n4 ,i rema9$ at ,uniont[n1 work+ = ! firm until ,octob]1 :5 ,i aga9 return$ to ,tuskegee4 ,! sum p] day ,i receiv$ 0 a mo/ flatt]+ tribute to ,tuskegee's ability to take a /iff c\ntry lad l myself1 & turn him1 9 a few mon?s1 into a workman comm&+ dec5t wages4 ,:at ?is means to ! masses ( ! /ud5ts :o g to ,tuskegee ! g5]al public c h no idea4 ,x is a great ?+ = a boy :o nev] e>n$ m ?an ! m]e/ pittance a day to g to a s*ool :]e he c secure an education by work+ = x1 & at ! same "t be fitt$ to e>n wages1 z _m ( !m d1 ?ree & ev5 five times z high z be=e go+ !re4 ,?is acc\nts1 9 a l>ge measure ,i am sure1 = ! fact t s l>ge a numb] refuse to rema9 & g ?r\gh ! full c\rses ( academic /udy4 ,_m ( !m1 f9d+ !mselves able 9 a few mon?s to e>n sums f> beyond any previ\s hope1 decide to take advantage at once ( ?is increas$ e>n+ capacity2 b s9ce ! "w is s well grad$1 no boy c get 8 trade )\t gett+1 at ! same "t1 academic in/ruction1 & in/ruction 9 ^? "*-=m+ ?+s all ab\t ! /ud5t at ,tuskegee4 ,i began ! new t]m ) #ej1 :i* sum 0 to my cr$it 9 ! s*ool treasury1 hav+ be5 e>n$ by my labor4 ,dur+ ! summ] ( #ahii ,i 0 aga9 (f]$ "w at ,uniont[n by ,messrs4 ,j4 ,l4 ,dykes & ,company4 ,i rema9$ ) !m only two mon?s1 h[ev]4 ,aft]w>d ,i work$ at ! ,mc,kinley ,bro!rs' ,wagon ,factory at ,demopolis1 ,ala42 z a j\rneyman workman at ,tuskegee1 9 ! ,in/itute's ,:eelwright+ ,%op1 & ) ! ,nack ,c>riage ,company at ,mobile1 ,ala41 ! l>ge/ %op ( its k9d 9 t city & "o ( ! l>ge/ 9 ! :ole ,s\?1 a firm do+ /rictly high-grade "w4 ,9 all ( ^! positions ,i h e reason to believe t ,i gave full & complete satisfaction4 ,:ile ) ! la/-nam$ company ,i won ! p]sonal favor & int]e/ ( ! manag] & cont9u$ to /udy4 ,he recomm5d$ t ,i add to my ,tuskegee tra9+ by tak+ ! correspond5ce c\rse ( ! ,te*nical ,s*ool = ,c>riage ,draftsm5 & ,me*anics1 ,new ,york4 ,i rema9$ ) ?is firm until ,i 0 (f]$ a position by ,mr4 ,r4 ,r4 ,taylor1 ! pres5t director ( me*anical indu/ries ( ! ,tuskegee ,in/itute1 ?ree ye>s ago4 ,i 0 greatly pleas$ & flatt]$ :5 ,i 0 call$ to take *>ge ( ! division 9 :i* ,i _h receiv$ my own in/ruction4 ,s9ce be+ at ,tuskegee ,i h cont9u$ to /udy1 & am satisfi$ t ,i h well us$ my opportunities4 ,?is division ov] :i* ,i preside is locat$ on ! fir/ floor ( ! ,trades ,build+4 ,x is well fitt$ = "w 9 g5]al :eelwright+ & repair+4 ,includ$ 9 ! equipm5t are t5 woodwork]s' b5*es #cb in*es high1 #db in*es wide1 & #h feet long4 ,ea* b5* is divid$ into two p>ts1 mak+ x possible = two p]sons to "w at ! same b5* )\t int]f]5ce4 ,! b5*es h ?ree draw]s & "o closet on ea* side1 9 :i* tools us$ by ! /ud5ts are kept4 ,ea* pupil is provid$ ) ! foll[+ tools3 ,"o coa*-mak]'s vise1 "o #bf-;in* ,no4 #f cross-cut saw1 "o #ab-;in* back saw1 "o set ( planes1 "o set ( *isels1 "o set ( aug]-bits1 "o set ( gimlet-bits1 "o rat*et-brace1 "o coa*-mak]'s draw+-knife1 "o spoke-%ave1 "o ?umb-gauge1 "o try-squ>e1 "o bevel1 "o hamm]1 & "o mallet4 ,o!r tools are kept 9 res]ve by ! in/ructor & are us$ only :5 ne$$4 ,! division is con/antly build+ new "w1 su* z wagons1 drays1 horse- & h&-c>ts1 :eelb>r[s1 buggies1 & road-c>ts4 ,! "w ( repair+ vehicles & f>m implem5ts = ! s*ool1 & a l>ge am\nt ( repair+ = ! locality1 is done by my /ud5ts4 ,! c\rse is z foll[s3 ,! ,fir/ ,ye>4--,c>e ( %op1 names & c>e ( tools1 g5]al measurem5ts2 elem5t>y "w ) saw1 plane1 draw+-knife1 *isel1 & spoke-%ave2 practise 9 ! mak+ & application ( jo9ts1 i4 e41 splices1 mortises1 t5ons1 & mit]s2 k9ds ( wood us$ & h[ to select2 practise-"w on p>ts ( wagons & bodies2 ,indu/rial ,classes & ,me*anical ,draw+ dur+ ! ye>4 ,! ,second ,ye>4--,patt]n-mak+1 work+ by patt]ns1 practise-"w on p>ts ( wagons cont9u$2 mak+ :eelb>r[s & h&-c>ts1 repair+ wagons2 practise 9 :eel-build+2 con/ruction ( wagons1 c>ts1 & drays2 practise on p>ts ( buggies & wagons2 indu/rial classes & ,me*anical ,draw+ dur+ ! ye>4 ,! ,?ird ,ye>4--,build+ :eels2 g5]al repairs on buggies & wagons cont9u$2 practise-"w on p>ts ( buggies1 phaetons1 f>m- & bus9ess-wagons2 %op economics1 e/imates1 bills ( mat]ial2 indu/rial classes & ,me*anical ,draw+ dur+ ! ye>4 ,! /ud5t 9 :eelwright+ receives in/ruction 9 wood-turn+2 ! c\rse is ! same z t giv5 to /ud5ts 9 c>p5try4 ,i 0 m>ri$ late la/ summ]1 #aijd1 & am n[ liv+ at ,tuskegee z a memb] ( ! ,faculty ( ! s*ool ,i ent]$ z a raw recruit4 ,,xiii ,,! ,,/ory ,,( ,a ,,blacksmi? ,,by ,,jubie ,b4 ,,bragg ,bo? my "m & fa!r 7 compell$ to "w 9 ! field z f>m]s4 ,!y _h f\r *ildr51 all n[ liv+1 ( :om ,i am ! elde/4 ,i 0 born 9 ,twiggs ,c\nty1 ,ga41 ,febru>y #ag1 #ahgf1 b 9 #ahha ! family mov$ to ,macon1 ,ga41 :]e !y liv$ until #ahhf4 ,! cruele/ possible bl[ befell u :5 bo? "m & fa!r di$ 9 ,april ( t ye>1 )9 t5 days ( ea* o!r4 ,my p>5ts 7 intellig5t1 & ?\gh !y _h _h no opportunities = secur+ an education1 yet !y 7 able to tea* _! *ildr5 ! alphabet & h[ to spell a few simple words4 ,my fir/ lessons 7 9 ,web/]'s blue-back spell]1 s :5 ,i />t$ to s*ool at six ye>s ( age ,i 0 n ! dulle/ boy beg9n+ at ! same place1 because ( ! in/ruction ,i _h receiv$4 ,i fir/ w5t to a ,miss ,m>y ,tom1 :o taught 9 ,/4 ,paul's ,*ur* 9 ,ea/ ,macon4 ,i w5t !re b "o s*ool session4 ,i 0 next s5t to a ,miss ,c>r1 :o taught 9 ! basem5t ( ! ,presbyt]ian *ur* on ,wa%+ton ,av5ue1 ,we/ ,macon4 ,to h]1 also1 ,i only w5t "o t]m4 ,i 0 next />t$ 9 ,lewis' ,high ,s*ool1 n[ kn[n z ,ball>d's ,normal ,s*ool1 b 0 soon compell$ to cease go+ !re because ( ! dea? ( bo? p>5ts1 z already m5tion$1 9 ,april ( t same t]m4 ,i 0 n[ b t5 ye>s ( age4 ,my aunt took *>ge ( me & ( ! o!r *ildr54 ,i 0 imm$iately hir$ out to a family nam$ ,horton1 = my victuals & clo?+4 ,i work$ = ?is family ab\t six mon?s1 all ( :om 7 k9d to me1 especially ,mr4 ,horton1 ,jr41 :o at ?is "t _h *>ge ( an ice-h\se4 ,ea* day ,i c>ri$ 8 meals to him & c\ld confid5tly c\nt ^u receiv+ f him a nickel 7five c5ts71 :i* 0 =?) inve/$ 9 c&y z ,i return$4 ,x 0 a real pleasure to meet & make myself kn[n to ,mr4 ,horton1 ,jr41 ! "y man :o _h be5 s k9d to me 9 ,birm+ham1 ,ala41 9 #aija1 aft] my graduation f ,tuskegee4 ,he 0 app>5tly glad to see me1 & especially to le>n t ,i _h be5 att5d+ ! ,tuskegee ,in/itute4 ,aft] leav+ ! ,horton family ,i w5t to "w 9 a groc]y /ore1 t ( a ,mrs4 ,ma*old1 f :om ,i receiv$ #d a mon? = my s]vices4 ,i only rema9$ ) h] a %ort :ile4 ,! "w ,i lik$ be/ ( all1 h[ev]1 0 t ) ! %oe firm ( ,be>d5 & ,brantley4 ,i _h my ,sundays1 & 0 (f f "w at six o'clock ea* week-day--a great *ange f my =m] employm5t4 ,:5 ,i 0 twelve ye>s ( age ,i w5t to visit an uncle :o liv$ 9 ,baldw9 ,c\nty1 ,ga4 ,i _h gone to rema9 two weeks2 z a matt] ( fact ,i 0 ) him ?ree ye>s4 ,i work$ on ! f>m e day :ile ) him1 & w5t to s*ool ab\t two mon?s ea* ye>4 ,9 ?is %ort "t ,i 0 only able to review ! lessons ,i _h already _h4 ,aft] return+ to ,macon1 a numb] ( "y m5 :o _h be5 to ,tuskegee p]suad$ me to consid] go+ !re to s*ool4 ,! mo/ /r5u\s opposition came f my own relatives4 ,aft] _m conv]sations ab\t ! matt] ,i _h f9ally to g aga9/ _! w4 ,!y hone/ly felt t su* read+ & writ+ z ,i c\ld d 0 q en\gh education = me1 or = any o!r ,negro boy4 ,i rea*$ ! s*ool1 aft] be+ prop]ly admitt$1 on ! #aa? ( ,septemb]1 #ahic1 & regi/]$ z a /ud5t 9 ! night-s*ool1 z ,i _h no money1 & c\ld pay 9 ca% = no "p ( my exp5ses4 ,i 0 assign$1 aft] exam9ation1 to ! ,a ,prep>atory class4 ,i 0 assign$ "w at ! b>ns1 f$ c[s1 milk$1 & r5d]$ su* o!r s]vice z 0 requir$ by ! in/ructor4 ,soon aft] rea*+ ,tuskegee & aft] ,i _h begun work+ out my exp5ses1 ,i le>n$ t ! (fic]s ( ! s*ool 7 contemplat+ a new s*eme :]eby all ( ! /ud5ts 9 ! night-s*ool w\ld "w "o-half ( ea* day1 g to s*ool "o-half ( ea* day1 & pay #d a mon? 9 ca% into ! s*ool treasury4 ,mrs4 ,wa%+ton1 ! gu>dian angel ( ! /ud5t body at ,tuskegee call$ me & sev]al o!r /ud5ts into conf]5ce & ask$ u to frankly /ate h[ ! new s*$ule w\ld affect u1 :at we ?\ght ( ! plan1 h[ mu* money we 7 able to pay1 etc4 ,out ( ! :ole numb] only f\r decl>$ !y 7 able to pay ! #d a mon?2 ! l>g] numb]1 l myself1 7 utt]ly unable to pay any?+ 9 ca%1 be+ dep5d5t absolutely ^u our ability to cov] our exp5ses by "w 9 "s ( ! indu/rial divisions4 ,x 0 f9ally decid$ to =ego ?is contemplat$ arrangem5t1 & ,i1 & ! majority ( o!rs situat$ l myself1 7 made v happy4 ,my :ole future h+$ on ?is decision1 z ,i %\ld h be5 compell$ to leave s*ool if x _h be5 put 9 op]ation4 ,i rema9$ at ! s*ool dur+ ! summ] ( #ahid1 ! s*ool v k9dly arrang+ ea* summ] to keep a l>ge numb] ( /ud5ts & provid+ "w = !m4 ,x 0 to me an advantage to rema94 ,i _h no money = railroad f>e1 & ,i 0 sure ( secur+ a trade1 :eelwright+1 at ! beg9n+ ( ! next t]m4 ,i _h desir$ to g into ! blacksmi?-%op1 b x 0 s cr[d$ t !re 0 no reasonable assurance t ,i %\ld be able to secure entrance !reto4 ,at ! beg9n+ ( ! fall t]m1 #ahid1 ,i ent]$ ! :eelwright-%op1 at ! same "t1 ( c\rse1 c>ry+ my academic "w2 ,i _h be5 successively ea* ye> promot$ to ! next high] class4 ,i n only work$ all ( t s*ool ye> 9 ! :eelwright+-%op1 b rema9$ ! summ] ( #ahie4 ,%ortly aft] ! new s*ool ye> began1 my in/ructor1 ,mr4 ,m4 ,t4 ,driv]1 0 select$ to take *>ge ( ! s*ool's elaborate exhibit at ! ,cotton ,/ates & ,int]national ,exposition1 ,atlanta1 ,ga41 at ! op5+ ( :i* ,pr9cipal ,wa%+ton _h spok5 s effectively & p[]fully = ! ,negro p ( ! c\ntry4 ,i _h made su* sub/antial progress t ,mr4 ,j4 ,h4 ,wa%+ton1 !n s]v+ z director ( me*anical indu/ries1 notifi$ me t ,i _h be5 select$ to manage ! %op dur+ ,mr4 ,driv]'s six mon?s' abs5ce4 ,i 0 n v mu* incl9$ to take ! responsibility1 b at ,tuskegee polite notification ( selection to d a ?+ is a comm&4 ,i accept$ ! "w & did my v be/4 ,!re 7 ab\t tw5ty "y m5 9 ! %op :5 ,i took *>ge1 "s old]1 "s y\ng] ?an ,i1 b mo/ ( :om _h be5 !re long] ?an ,i _h4 ,i _h no s]i\s compla9ts z to ! quality ( "w turn$ out by me dur+ ! in/ructor's abs5ce4 ,i n[ _h to my cr$it m ?an en\gh money to c>ry me ?r\gh ! rema9+ two ye>s4 ,! next ye> ,i ent]$ ! day-s*ool4 ,i _h become 9 mo/ respects a new p]son4 ,i _h gone to ,tuskegee c\ntry-br$1 raw1 ignorant4 ,! s*ool's trans=m+ influ5ce ,i 0 able to note 9 my c>riage1 &1 ( c\rse1 9 my conv]sation1 9 my c>e = neatness & ord]1 & 9 ! ideals ,i 0 =m+ & try+ to live up to4 ,dur+ ! summ] ,i return$ home = ! fir/ "t4 ,i work$ at my trade dur+ ! vacation & e>n$ en\gh money to buy clo?+ & o!r necess>ies4 ,i did n return to s*ool until ,decemb] #bh1 #ahig1 z ,i ne$$ ! money ,i 0 e>n+ at my trade4 ,i _h nev] e>n$ 9 money m ?an ! small am\nts ref]r$ to 9 ! fir/ "p ( ?is pap]1 & s 0 delight$ ) my e>n+ capacity4 ,i !n s\ght "w 9 ! blacksmi?+-%op1 ! %op ,i _h fir/ desir$ to ent]1 s t ,i might become a fir/-class blacksmi? 9 addition to hav+ a work+ k ( :eelwright+4 ,aft] complet+ ! s*ool t]m ,i w5t to ,montgom]y1 ,ala41 & work$ z a :eelwright & blacksmi?4 ,?is outside exp]i5ce 0 mo/ helpful to me4 ,my la/ s*ool ye> 0 t ( #ahii-aijj4 ,i 0 v happy to receive1 along ) my academic diploma1 a c]tificate also f ! blacksmi?+ division4 ,i 0 n[ fitt$ to beg9 my life 9 ! great outside _w4 ,my fir/ "w 0 z in/ructor 9 blacksmi?+ & :eelwright+ 9 ! ,hung]=d ,indu/rial ,s*ool at ,eatonville1 ,fla4 ,i !n secur$ "w at my trades 9 ,birm+ham until ,augu/1 #aija1 :5 ?ree ( u :o _h be5 classmates at ,tuskegee decid$ to =m a p>tn]%ip & conduct on a l>ge scale a g5]al blacksmi?+ & :eelwright+ bus9ess4 ,i 0 deput$ to select ! place :]e we %\ld locate4 ,aft] int]view+ a numb] ( p]sons1 ,anni/on1 ,ala41 0 sugge/$1 & ,i decid$ to g !re to p]sonally inve/igate conditions4 ,aft] gett+ !re & go+ ab\t ! t[n1 ,i agre$ t at ,anni/on we %\ld f9d a place t w\ld prop]ly support our bus9ess4 ,!re 0 no place vacant t we c\ld r5t1 s aft] "s fur!r consid]ation we decid$ to pur*ase a place4 ,?is we 7 =tunate en\gh to d1 & came into possession ( a build+ = our %op1 #ej by #fj feet4 ,we met all obligations aft] op5+ ! %op & secur$ ! mo/ flatt]+ support4 ,our "w met ! mo/ exact+ requirem5ts1 & ,i 0 v mu* dis9cl9$ to accept an (f] :i* rea*$ me f ,mr4 ,na?an ,b4 ,"y1 :o _h _h *>ge ( ! academic "w at ,tuskegee dur+ a "p ( my /ay !re4 ,mr4 ,"y1 h[ev]1 repres5t$ t ,i c\ld r5d] mu* m effective racial s]vice by rea*+ a l>ge numb] ( p]sons1 "y m51 daily4 ,aft] mu* hesitation ,i w5t to ! ,florida ,/ate ,normal & ,indu/rial ,s*ool1 to :i* ,mr4 ,"y _h be5 call$ z ,presid5t1 z in/ructor 9 blacksmi?+ & :eelwright+1 :]e ,i h s9ce be5 employ$4 ,i h done well1 & am pr\d t ,i c say s4 ,( my /ay at ,tuskegee1 :at %all ,i say8 ,x 0 all 9 all to me4 ,! lessons 9 %op & class-room1 ! lessons n at all catalogu$ t g into "*-=m+--all ( ^! ,i f\nd mo/ helpful & invaluable1 9 mak+ me a man :o ?9ks & feels4 ,i %\ld be tempt$ to eulogy %\ld ,i try to tell h[ mu* ,i owe to ,dr4 ,wa%+ton1 to 8 tea*]s1 & to all ( ! influ5ces t assi/ ! /ud5t at ,tuskegee4 ,,xiv ,a ,,druggi/',s ,,/ory ,,by ,,david ,l4 ,,john/on ,%ortly aft] ! smoke _h cle>$ away f ! battle-fields ( ! ,civil ,w>1 ,i 0 u%]$ into ! _w 9 a "o-room log cab9 9 ,alabama1 c\nty ( ,macon1 & ne> ! little t[n ( ,tuskegee1 aft]w>d made fam\s by virtue ( ! fact t !re 0 e/abli%$ ne> x1 by ,book] ,t4 ,wa%+ton1 ,july #d1 #ahha1 ! ,tuskegee ,normal & ,indu/rial ,in/itute4 ,t ,i h ! honor ( be+ an alumnus ( t s*ool is "o ( ! be/ ?+s ( :i* ,i c boa/4 ,because ,i h said t ,i 0 born 9 a "o-room log cab91 ! read] w readily imag9e t my p>5tage 0 humble4 ,my "m & fa!r bo? h gone to ! ,great ,beyond4 ,i bless & rev]e _! memory1 = two m noble s\ls nev] liv$1 hamp]$ z !y 7 by slav]y & its t]rible environm5ts4 ,my p>5ts cont9u$ to live 9 ! "o-room cab9 until ?ree o!r *ildr51 mak+ n9e 9 all1 _h come to !m4 ,ano!r room 0 add$ ab\t ?is "t4 ,! bit+ pov]ty ( x all l$ my fa!r1 ) 8 family1 to move to "o ( ! fam\s cotton plantations ( ,dallas ,c\nty1 ,ala4 ,i seem to recall tak+ an int]e/ 9 ! _w ab\t me q e>ly4 ,especially d ,i recall1 z "o ( my e>lie/ recollections1 ! dea? ( ,g>field1 s cruelly sla9 by ! madman ,guiteau4 ,my fa!r 0 greatly di/ress$1 ,i rememb]1 by 8 dea?4 ,= five successive ye>s my life 0 sp5t work+ ea* ye> on ! f>ms = & ) my ag$ fa!r & o!r memb]s ( ! family1 & sp5d+ ! "t1 :5 n s employ$1 9 ne>-by public s*ools1 :i* at t "t1 z is true 9 l>ge "p n[1 7 conduct$ only ab\t ?ree mon?s 9 ea* ye>4 ,aft] hav+ acquir$ a slight k ( ma!matics1 x 0 a great pleasure to me to g up ea* fall to ! m>ket at ,selma1 ,ala41 ) my fa!r1 to dispose ( ! products ( ! f>m4 ,on "o occasion !re 0 an app>5t int]e/ manife/$ 9 me by "o ( ! commission m]*ants1 a :ite man4 ,he p]suad$ me to return to ,selma1 aft] ,i _h accompani$ my fa!r home1 & to accept a position ) him z (fice-boy4 ,i return$ z agre$1 to f9d ei!r t 8 promise 0 a /roke to induce my fa!r to trade ) him1 or t my /ay at home _h be5 too ext5d$--al?\gh x 0 only = ?ree or f\r days4 ,! position1 mean:ile1 he said1 _h be5 fill$ by ano!r4 ,?us1 ,i f\nd myself1 a raw c\ntry lad1 tw5ty-sev5 miles f home1 )\t employm5t & among /rang]s4 ,next morn+1 )\t ! k ( my p>5ts1 ,i appli$ = admittance z a /ud5t to ! ,knox ,academy at ,selma1 & )\t recomm5dations1 :i* 7 imm$iately dem&$ ( me4 ,i 0 turn$ away1 b n disc\rag$1 = ! next morn+1 accompani$ by a :ite fri5d ( my fa!r1 ,i aga9 appli$ & 0 admitt$ on 8 recomm5dation4 ,an exam9ation entitl$ me to beg9 ) ! fif?-grade class4 ,i also secur$ employm5t at ?is :ite man's home4 ,! money ?us receiv$ paid = my bo>d4 ,by do+ odd jobs ,i manag$ to make suffici5t money to pay = lodg+ ) a good family4 ,i 0 ?us enabl$ to sp5d ! fall ( #ahhc & ! spr+ ( #ahhd 9 s*ool1 to my v great b5efit4 ,i 0 compell$ to return home1 h[ev]1 be=e ! t]m end$1 because my fa!r's heal? completely fail$ him1 to take *>ge ( ! f>m1 z ,i 0 ! s5ior male *ild 9 ! family at t "t4 ,my juv5ile m9d _h be5 awak5$ by ?is %ort s*ool exp]i5ce 9 ,selma1 & f t "t =? ,i _h a ?ir/ = m k4 ,i 0 absorb$ by ?is long+1 b ,i took up ! v>i\s o!r duties :i* fell to my lot1 ) ! e>ne/ purpose ( do+ my v be/4 ,z a result1 ) ! aid ( o!r memb]s ( ! family ,i succe$$ 9 turn+ ov] to my invalid fa!r1 ! succe$+ fall1 elev5 bales ( cotton & o!r f>m products 9 l proportion4 ,my fa!r's heal? hav+ completely fail$1 & because ( a con/antly increas+ desire = m k1 ,i conceiv$ ! idea ( return+ to our old home ne> ,tuskegee aga94 ,janu>y1 #ahhe1 f\nd u aga9 liv+ 9 close proximity to ! old log cab9 9 :i* ,i 0 born4 ,n f\r ye>s be=e ! ,tuskegee ,normal & ,indu/rial ,in/itute _h be5 e/abli%$4 ,! height ( my ambition 0 to be enroll$ z a /ud5t !re1 b n hav+ suffici5t money to c>e = ! family & rema9 9 s*ool at ! same "t1 & s9ce ! t]m = t ye> 0 half sp5t1 ,i s\ght employm5t = ! rema9+ w9t] mon?s1 do+ su* odd jobs 9 & ar\nd ! little t[n z ,i c\ld f9d to d4 ,:5 spr+ came1 hav+ a fair k ( f>m+1 ,i f\nd ready employm5t ) ! plant]s ( t community4 ,) an ambition to ent] s*ool ! com+ fall1 ,i !n & !re began to /udy e possible me?od ( economy1 & :5 summ] _h pass$ & s*ool-"t _h come aga91 ) ! aid ( a y\ng] bro!r ,i _h c>$ = ! family1 & _h to my cr$it my fir/ sav+s ( #he4 ,n[ began ! mo/ memorable & ! mo/ pleasant days 9 my life4 ,on ! #ae? day ( ,septemb]1 #ahhe1 ,i matriculat$ z a /ud5t at ,tuskegee1 &1 aft] :at 0 !n consid]$ a rigid exam9ation1 succe$$ 9 ent]+ ! ,junior class1 ! l[e/ class ( ! normal grade4 ,!re 0 yet be=e me ! task ( c>+ = an ag$ fa!r & "m4 ,t task ,i consid]$ a sacr$ duty1 &1 ) my limit$ sav+s 9 h&1 made su* pur*ases z w\ld be/ give !m ord9>y com=ts ?r\gh ! w9t] mon?s1 & on ! #bb;d day ( ! same mon?1 aft] hav+ made su* exp5ditures z ,i ?\ght necess>y1 ,i f\nd t my little pile _h be5 r$uc$ f #he to #ad4ej1 ) :i* sum ,i paid my tuition & bo>d at ! normal s*ool4 ,i 0 p]mitt$ by ! s*ool au?orities to "w on ! s*ool f>m ! entire t]m4 ,on ! #bf? day ( ,may1 :5 ! s*ool clos$1 !re yet rema9$ to my cr$it a suffici5t am\nt to pur*ase a ticket to ,birm+ham1 & !nce out to ,pratt ,city1 a ne>-by suburb4 ,at ,pratt ,city ,i le>n$ to dig coal1 & at ! end ( e mon? !y paid me 9 gold4 ,^! %9+ pieces 7 preci\s possessions4 ,= f\r successive summ]s1 9 ord] to get suffici5t money to c>e = my "m & fa!r & make my way 9 s*ool1 ,i w5t to ,pratt ,city & work$ 9 ! m9es1 at ! furnaces1 on ! railroads1 & ar\nd ! coke-ov5s1 endur+ h>d%ips :i* language c h>dly describe4 ,b x all paid4 ,! summ] ( #ahhh 0 a try+ "o1 b :5 ! "t came = me to leave = s*ool ,i _h sav$ #bjj4 ,on ! #cj? day ( ,may1 #ahhi1 a new epo* 9 my life began4 ,i 0 u%]$ into ! busy _w z a graduate ( ,tuskegee1 be+ 9 a class ( tw5ty-two4 ,i _h look$ =w>d to ?is ev5t ) pride & 0 v happy4 ,s imbu$ 0 ,i ) ! pleasant ?\ght t ,i 0 a graduate ( ,tuskegee1 t ,i little ?\ght ( ! great responsibilities t await$ me1 b :5 my m sob] ?\ght came ,i realiz$ t ,i 0 go+ f mo/ pleasant surr\nd+s n to return ! next ye>2 t ,i 0 go+ out n to return & meet indulg5t & p]suasive tea*]s1 lov+ classmates1 & devot$ fri5ds4 ,i !n realiz$ ! full mean+ ( ! phrase we _h select$ t ye> z our class motto1 ,f9i%$1 yet j begun4 ,f9i%$ ,i _h at ,tuskegee1 b ,i _h to beg9 "w & life 9 ! great busy _w1 ) confid5ce alone z an asset4 ,! ,comm5cem5t ex]cises on ?is p>ticul> occasion 7 mo/ impressive to me1 made s 9 "p1 ,i suspect1 because ,i 0 to be ! happy recipi5t ( a covet$ diploma4 ,! ,comm5cem5t speak] 0 ! late ,joseph ,c4 ,price1#a ( ,nor? ,c>ol9a1 & he 0 at 8 be/4 ,kn[+ no o!r field m invit+1 ,i return$ to ,pratt ,city1 :]e ,i _h work$ successfully4 ,on ! #f? ( ,june1 #ahhi1 ,i alight$ f ! c>s1 & aft] sp5d+ a few days visit+ relatives & fri5ds1 appli$ at ,no4 ,f\r 7#d7 ,slope = a set ( *ecks to dig coal4 ,! *ecks 7 readily giv5 me because ( my previ\s record z a m9]4 ,aft] work+ !re dur+ ! summ] mon?s1 & ) ! same success z _h att5d$ me previ\sly1 ,i _h secur$ suffici5t money to /raight5 out my little f9ancial affairs & move my p>5ts & a wid[$ si/] ) six small *ildr5 f ,tuskegee to ,pratt ,city1 :]e ,i _h decid$ p]man5tly to live4 ,ab\t ?is "t ,pratt ,city 0 made1 by act ( ! ,alabama ,legislature1 a sep>ate & indep5d5t s*ool di/rict1 & ,i _h ! honor ( be+ elect$ to ! pr9cipal%ip ( ! ,negro s*ool4 ,!re ,i _h my fir/ exp]i5ce z a tea*]4 ,i put my :ole s\l into ! "w4 ,i _h be=e me ! example ( ! ,tuskegee tea*]s1 & ! lessons s ?or\ghly taught !re4 ,t ,i mu/ s]ve my fell[s e>ne/ly & unselfi%ly 0 nev] =gott54 ,s pleas$ 0 ! ,bo>d ( ,education ) my "w t my sal>y 0 soon advanc$ to #aaj p] mon?4 ,?is sal>y 0 some:at extraord9>y1 b ,pratt ,city1 ,birm+ham1 ,ensley1 etc41 are 9 "o ( ! ri*e/ m9+ sections 9 ! _w1 & ! money e>n$ by blacks & :ites is greatly 9 excess ( t e>n$ 9 o!r p>ts ( ! ,/ate4 ,i held ?is position = f\r ye>s1 tea*+ eight & n9e mon?s 9 ! ye>1 & sp5d+ ! rema9+ ?ree or f\r mon?s ( ! "t work+ 9 ! m9es4 ,aft] a "t my physical sy/em _h begun s completely to run d[n1 t ,i 0 reluctantly compell$ to resign ! position ( tea*]4 ,9 ! meantime ,i _h pur*as$ a home at ,pratt ,city4 ,leav+ my p>5ts !re1 ,i w5t to ,milldale1 ,ala41 to take up new "w t (f]$ a *ange ( climate4 ,i return$ e fifte5 or ?irty days1 h[ev]1 to look aft] ! ne$s ( my p>5ts4 ,! entire exp5se ( c>+ = !m1 my si/] & h] *ildr51 0 q #fj a mon?4 ,my "w at ,milldale made good returns4 ,i 0 ) ! ,/&>d ,coal ,company1 & aft] ,i _h be5 !re fifte5 mon?s ,i _h to my cr$it #a1jjj1 an am\nt ,i _h long /riv5 to save4 ,dur+ ?is "t my "m 0 /rick5 ) fev]1 & aft] l+]+ ?ree mon?s 7"o ( :i* ,i sp5t at h] b$side7 %e di$4 ,our little home 0 ca/ 9 deep sorr[4 ,i return$ to ,milldale & resum$ "w !re4 ,aft] two ye>s _h expir$ ,i _h to my cr$it1 ,i am glad to say1 #a1dfj4 ,) ?is sum 9 h& ,i conclud$ ,i w\ld take a c\rse 9 ph>macy4 ,on ,octob] #ae1 #ahid1 ,i ent]$ ! ,meh>ry ,m$ical ,college at ,na%ville1 ,t5n41 ! dean ( :i* is t pr9ce ( g5tlem5 & fa!r ( ,negro physicians1 ,dr4 ,george ,w4 ,hubb>d4 ,i complet$ ! c\rse ,febru>y #d1 #ahif1 graduat+ at ! head ( ! class ) a g5]al av]age ( #id-a_/d p] c5t4 ,i _h pleasant associations :ile !re ) _m ( my =m] ,tuskegee class- & s*ool-mates1 among !m be+ ,dr4 ,a4 ,h4 ,k5niebrew1 n[ ( ,jacksonville1 ,ill41 & = a :ile ,resid5t ,physician ( ! ,tuskegee ,in/itute2 ,dr4 ,t4 ,n4 ,h>ris1 ( ,mobile1 ,ala41 & ,dr4 ,a4 ,t4 ,braxton1 ( ,columbia1 ,t5n4 ,ea* ( ^! is succe$+ at ! places nam$ mo/ satisfactorily z physicians4 ,at ,meh>ry x 0 our con/ant pleasure to ref] to our tra9+ at ,tuskegee1 & to ackn[l$ge h[ indelibly ! lessons le>n$ !re _h be5 /amp$ ^u our m9ds & he>ts4 ,:ile !re ,i _h ! opportunity to comp>e ! in/ruction receiv$ at ,tuskegee--t ( ! academic dep>tm5t--) t ( ! o!r in/itutions ( le>n+ 9 ?is & ev5 o!r c\ntries4 ,at ,meh>ry "o is ?r[n 9 direct contact ) educat$ m5 & wom5 f ! lead+ ,negro colleges ( ?is c\ntry1 & ) _m f ,engli% in/itutions ( note4 ,aft] c>eful inve/igation ,i f\nd t ! ,tuskegee-tra9$ /ud5t1 at all times1 0 among ! v be/ !re4 ,at ,tuskegee ,i /ill consid] t "o ( ! greate/ lessons taught is t ( le>n+ to le>n4 ,illu/ration3 ,,at ,,! ,,hospital4 ,a corn] 9 ! boys' w>d4 ,at ! close ( my fir/ ye> at ,meh>ry ,i return$ to ,birm+ham1 & aft] a conf]5ce ) ,drs4 ,a4 ,m4 ,br[n & ,j4 ,b4 ,kye1 color$ graduates 9 m$ic9e & ph>macy1 & ,mr4 ,george ,f4 ,m>t91 we decid$ to op5 a drug-/ore to be locat$ 9 ,birm+ham4 ,ab\t ,may #g1 #ahie1 ! doors ( ! ,p's ,drug ,company 7 op5$ to ! public1 ) ! above-nam$ g5tlem5 & myself z ! /ockhold]s & own]s4 ,"h ,i inve/$ my fir/ money ( consequ5ce 9 a bus9ess ent]prise1 putt+ 9 ! great] "p ( ! money to op5 ! bus9ess1 :i* invoic$ #a1fjj or m 9 ab\t five mon?s aft] ! op5+4 ,aft] affairs 7 9 good runn+ ord] ,i left1 & return$ to ,milldale to resume "w ) ! ,/&>d ,coal ,company4 ,dur+ ! spr+ & summ] ( t ye> ,i realiz$ ab\t #ejj f my m9+ op]ations4 ,9 ! fall ( #ahie ,i return$ to ,meh>ry to complete ! c\rse already begun4 ,dur+ t fall & w9t] ! bus9ess 0 enc\rag+ly successful "u ! managem5t ( ,dr4 ,kye1 aid$ by ,drs4 ,br[n & ,mason2 = ab\t t "t ,dr4 ,u4 ,g4 ,mason1 ano!r color$ physician1 _h b\ght ,mr4 ,m>t9's int]e/ 9 ! company & _h become a p>tn] 9 ! conc]n4 ,my in/ructions to ! managem5t 7 to turn ov] to my fa!r my %>e ( ! net proce$s ( ! bus9ess :ile ,i 0 away4 ,my %>e ( ! pr(its kept ! family go+4 ,my /ay at ,meh>ry ?is la/ t]m 0 mo/ pleasant4 ,i _h be5 promot$ to ! dignifi$ position ( assi/ant to ,dr4 ,w4 ,m4 ,savi]1 :o 01 & is1 ,dean ( ! ,ph>maceutical ,dep>tm5t ( ! in/itution4 ,:5 ,i _h complet$ my c\rse ,i return$ to ,alabama to beg9 my "w z a ph>maci/1 & ab\t ,april #a1 #ahif1 successfully pass$ ! requir$ ,/ate exam9ation & 0 admitt$ to ! practise ( ph>macy4 ,i took ! exam9ation 9 ,selma1 ! beautiful little city on ! ,alabama ,riv] :]e1 ?irte5 ye>s be=e1 ,i _h _h my desire = k & bett] opportunities awak5$4 ,i sold my int]e/ 9 ! ,p's ,drug ,company at a sacrifice1 & imm$iately op5$ bus9ess on my own hook at #cd ,s\? ,tw5tie? ,/reet1 ,birm+ham1 ,ala4 ,9 ord] to beg9 bus9ess ) "s assurance ( success1 ,i organiz$ ano!r company1 & _h associat$ ) me 9 ?is new ent]prise 7! ,union ,drug ,company7 ,rev4 ,t4 ,w4 ,walk]1 ,rev4 ,j4 ,q4 ,a4 ,wilhite1 & ,mr4 ,c4 ,l4 ,montgom]y--all responsible & ent]pris+ citiz5s ( ,birm+ham4 ,by h>d & dilig5t "w ! bus9ess prov$ a success1 & f "t to "t ,i b\ght out ! int]e/s ( ! p]sons nam$1 & accept$ z a p>tn] a well-kn[n physician & surgeon1 ,dr4 ,george ,h4 ,wilk]son4 ,dr4 ,wilk]son's connection ) ! bus9ess caus$ x rapidly to increase 9 volume4 ,:5 m help 0 requir$1 z soon x 01 we secur$ ! s]vices ( ,mr4 ,jimmie ,james1 a "y ph>maci/ :o is ) me until n[4 ,aft] a p]iod ( pleasant bus9ess association1 ,dr4 ,wilk]son's int]e/s 9 ,mobile1 8 =m] home1 dem&$ 8 pres5ce !re4 ,i pur*as$ 8 int]e/ 9 ! ,union ,drug ,company1 & ! "n 0 *ang$ to ! ,union ,drug ,/ore4 ,we _h b rec5tly locat$ 9 our own neat little qu>t]s at ,no4 #aja ,s\? ,tw5tie? ,/reet1 a "o-/ory brick /ructure1 at :i* place ,i cont9u$ to d bus9ess1 support$ by ,drs4 ,w4 ,l4 ,c\ncil & ,j4 ,b4 ,go91 :o s5t _! prescriptions to my /ore1 until ,febru>y #h1 #aijd4 ,9 ,janu>y1 #aijd1 ,i secur$ a lot at ,no4 #fja ,s\? ,eighte5? ,/reet1 ,birm+ham1 & p]sonally erect$ !re a two-/ory frame build+1 :i* ,i n[ occupy4 ,dur+ my %ort bus9ess c>e] s9ce graduation f ! m$ical s*ool1 ,i s\ght out a p>tn] = life1 & 0 =tunate to w9 ! h& ( ,miss ,pe>l ,l4 ,/rawbridge1 ( ,selma1 ,ala41 :o _h come to ,birm+ham to make h] home ) h] bro!r1 ,mr4 ,h4 ,/rawbridge1 :o n[ holds ! honor$ position ( secret>y & g5]al manag] ( "o ( ! l>ge/ frat]nal insurance conc]ns 9 ! c\ntry own$ & controll$ by ,negroes4 ,two *ildr51 a girl & a boy1 h be5 add$ to our family s9ce ! m>riage4 ,:atev] ,i h done1 or :atev] ,i may d1 t w des]ve favorable comm5t1 ,i l>gely attribute to ! fact t ,i 0 a /ud5t at ,tuskegee1 & came "u ! p]sonal c>e & in/ruction & guidance ( its di/+ui%$ ,f\nd] & ,pr9cipal1 ,dr4 ,book] ,t4 ,wa%+ton1 & t ,i h /riv51 f ! fir/ day until n[1 to put into practise ! lessons taught me by him & 8 excell5t body ( tea*]s4 ,at ,tuskegee we 7 taught ! truism1 ,if y c n f9d a way1 make "o4 ,i hope ,i am n immode/ 9 say+ t ,i ?9k ,i h1 9 "s degree1 done ?is4 #a ,said to be "o ( ! mo/ eloqu5t speak]s ( ! ,negro p4 ,he di$ 9 ! prime ( life4 ,he 0 ,presid5t ( ,liv+/on ,college1 :i* is ma9ly support$ by ! ,african ,me?odi/ ,episcopal ,zion ,*ur*1 & has a l>ge memb]%ip among ! color$ p4 ,,xv ,,! ,,/ory ,,( ,a ,,sup]visor ,,( ,,me*anical ,,indu/ries ,,by ,,james ,m4 ,,canty ,i 0 born ,decemb] #bc1 #ahfc1 9 ,m>ietta1 ,cobb ,c\nty1 ,ga4 ,my p>5ts1 ,james & ,adella ,canty1 7 slaves4 ,i am ! elde/ ( two bro!rs & ?ree si/]s1 :o are all liv+4 ,my fa!r di$ 9 ! fall ( #ahie4 ,s9ce t "t1 because ( circum/ances & incl9ations1 x has be5 my lot to look aft] ! welf>e ( my "m1 :o is /ill liv+ 9 ,m>ietta1 ,ga41 a place ( ab\t f\r ?\s& inhabitants4 ,at an e>ly age ,i ent]$ ! public s*ool at my home4 ,my fa!r1 h[ev]1 soon put me to "w1 s t ,i grew up q ignorant ( books4 ,he 0 a c>p5t] & but*]1 & fairly skill$ 9 work+ iron4 ,= a numb] ( ye>s he kept a meat-m>ket4 ,at ! age ( sixte5 ,i 0 do+ ! pr9cipal "p ( ! but*]+4 ,"s ye>s lat]1 :5 fa!r 0 appo9t$ /reet boss ( ! t[n1 ,i work$ z "o ( ! /reet labor]s4 ,:5 he *ang$ 8 occupation f /reet boss to f>m]1 m9e likewise *ang$4 ,! rule 01 a *ange f "o occupation to ano!r1 work+ day by day )\t att5tion to m5tal gr[?1 & hav+ no ?\ght ( ! future1 till ,i 0 p]suad$ to jo9 sev]al o!r boys :o _h decid$ to =m !mselves into a night-class = purposes ( self-improvem5t4 ,ab\t ?is "t1 9 compliance ) my fa!r's desire1 & to my delight1 ,i ent]$ a c>riage factory z an appr5tice4 ,x 0 :ile work+ !re t ,i receiv$ a newspap] f a girl /ud5t at ,tuskegee ,normal & ,indu/rial ,in/itute4 ,! pap] conta9$ a long descriptive article1 ) cuts ( build+s1 class-rooms1 tea*]s1 & /ud5ts4 ,! /ud5t :o _h s5t ! pap] 0 f my home1 & ) x came a lett] f h] /at+ t %e _h spok5 to ,mr4 ,wa%+ton 9 my int]e/1 & t if ,i w\ld come to ,tuskegee ,i w\ld be giv5 a *ance to get an education4 ,i %all nev] =get ! impression made ^u my m9d by t newspap] article & ! "y woman's lett]4 ,illu/ration3 ,,9 ,,! ,,t9-,,%op4 ,my fa!r 0 consult$1 & advis$ aga9/ my go+ away to s*ool1 say+3 ,y c cont9ue night-s*ool "h at home & at ! same "t le>n a trade4 ,i nev] w5t to s*ool a day 9 my life4 ,well1 ,i knew t my fa!r1 nev]!less1 c\ld read & write a little & d "s figur+1 & t he at "o "t came )9 a few votes ( be+ elect$ to ! ,/ate ,legislature ( ,georgia4 ,contr>y to 8 advice1 ,i conclud$ to g to ,tuskegee4 ,look+ back n[1 & connect+ ! pres5t ) ! day on :i* my decision 0 made1 ,i ?9k t "t & ev5ts h v9dicat$ ! wisdom ( my decision4 ,aft] giv+ my employ] two weeks' notice ( my int5tion to give up my "w1 ,i ha/5$ to arrange my affairs1 fe>+ t procra/9ation might all[ "s ev5t to *ange my m9d & ?us alt] ! :ole c\rse ( my life4 ,two weeks aft] giv+ notice to my employ]1 ,i />t$ = ,tuskegee4 ,i b\ght a ticket to ,atlanta1 :]e ,i sp5t ! night4 ,! next morn+ ,i w5t to ! /ation & ask$ = a ticket to ,tuskegee4 ,! ag5t1 on look+ ov] 8 guide-books1 said to me3 ,!re is no su* place z ,tuskegee 9 ! guide-books4 ,i walk$ away f ! w9d[1 ?9k+ t1 aft] all1 ,tuskegee 0 "s place t exi/$ only on pap]4 ,n wi%+ to give x up1 ,i turn$ & approa*$ ! ag5t aga94 ,he got out maps & guides1 & f9ally f\nd ,tuskegee1 b said he c\ld n sell me a ticket to t place z x 0 n on a railroad1 & t ! be/ ?+ = me to d 0 to pur*ase a ticket to ,*ehaw1 ,ala4 ,s my ticket read1 ,f ,atlanta to ,*ehaw4 ,on turn+ to leave ! ticket-ag5t1 ,i inquir$ h[ ,i c\ld get to ,tuskegee f ,*ehaw4 ,he repli$ t he did n "k4 ,b ,i got !re1 go+ f ,*ehaw ov] a n>r[-gauge road4 ,! eng9e t pull$ ! "o coa* compos+ ! tra9 0 nam$ ! ,klu-,klux1 a ?+ ,i _h he>d ( b _h n und]/ood4 ,t !re %\ld be _m new ?+s to me 9 ! _w 0 n to be wond]$ at1 :5 x 0 kn[n t ,i _h nev] be=e be5 out ( ! c\nty 9 :i* ,i 0 born except on ?ree occasions1 :5 my trips ext5d$ only to adjo9+ c\nties4 ,x 0 9 ! mon? ( ,m>*1 #ahhf1 :ile pass+ ?r\gh ! t[n ( ,tuskegee1 t ,i beheld = ! fir/ "t1 /&+ at a di/ance1 ! in/itution t has1 9 my op9ion1 done m ?an any o!r "o ag5cy to elevate ! ,negroes ( ! ,s\?4 ,ab\t eight o'clock ,p4 ,m4 ,i arriv$ on ! campus & 0 assign$ to a room by ! comm&ant1 ?r\gh ! (fic] ( ! day4#b ,= ab\t ?irty m9utes ,i 0 alone 9 ! room1 ! /ud5t body be+ at devotional ex]cises--! ,tuskegee ,in/itute hold+ its daily devotions at night1 in/ead ( 9 ! morn+ l mo/ s*ools4 ,?is is done on acc\nt ( ! day- & night-s*ool sy/em1 x be+ impossible to get all ! /ud5ts ( ! s*ool toge!r except at night aft] ! night-s*ool session4 ,:ile sitt+ & ?9k+ ( home1 ( ! pa/1 & ( ! future1 ,i took out my pocketbook & c\nt$ #g4ej4 ,n "o c5t m _h ,i1 & z ,i look$ at ! money ) ! ?\ght t #g4ej repres5t$ ! entire sav+s ( my life up to t "t1 gloom & despond5cy almo/ ov]came me4 ,! next morn+ ,i w5t to ! ,pr9cipal's (fice4 ,f !re ,i w5t to be exam9$1 & !n aga9 to see ! ,pr9cipal4 ,mr4 ,wa%+ton expla9$ t bo>d 0 *>g$ = at #h p] mon?1 & t my books w\ld be sold to me at co/4 ,he in=m$ me fur!r t if ,i ent]$ night-s*ool ,i w\ld be able to "w out my bo>d & accumulate ea* mon? a balance to be us$ 9 pay+ my exp5ses :5 ,i ent]$ day-s*ool4 ,i 0 made to und]/& t ?is (f] 0 on condition t my "w & conduct be 9 e way satisfactory4 ,z ! am\nt ( money ,i _h did n ju/ify me 9 ent]+ day-s*ool1 ,i matriculat$ z a night-s*ool /ud5t4 ,! blacksmi?-%op be+ %ort ( /ud5ts1 ,i 0 assign$ to ?is division ( indu/ry4 ,dur+ ! rema9+ "p ( ! ye>1 & ! foll[+ summ]1 ,i work$ 9 ! %op t5 h\rs ea* day1 except ,sundays1 & devot$ ab\t two h\rs & a half at night to /udy & recitations4 ,x is no easy task1 dur+ w>m wea!r 9 ,alabama1 = "o to "w t5 h\rs a day & sp5d two & a half h\rs at night /udy+ 9 a room light$ by sev]al l>ge lamps susp5d$ f ! ceil+4 ,yet ?is is :at hundr$s ( poor boys & girls h done at ,tuskegee4 ,hundr$s /ill att5d ! night-s*ool1 b electric lights h tak5 ! place ( ! l>ge oil-lamps4 ,tuskegee is n[ m mod]n ?an x 0 :5 ,i 0 a /ud5t !re4 ,b>rels & boxes are no long] us$ 9 ! raw /ate = furniture1 z 0 l>gely ! case at t "t4 ,day-/ud5ts 7 requir$ to "w "o s*ool-day ea* week & e o!r ,saturday4 ,i 0 a /ud5t ne>ly five ye>s1 c\nt+ ! "t :5 ,i 0 a night-/ud5t4 ,aft] ,i ent]$ day-s*ool x 0 necess>y t ,i %\ld "w n only on my regul> "w-days & two ,saturdays ea* mon?1 b :5ev] !re 0 "w to be done & ,i c\ld f9d "t 9 :i* to d x4 ,dur+ my entire life at ,tuskegee ,i work$ e ,saturday except ?ree4 ,i 0 n long at ,tuskegee be=e an indescribable =ce began to h its influ5ce ^u me4 ,:atev] ?is p[] may be call$1 x 0 bo? ref9+ & en]giz+4 ,p :o "k ! s*ool & h be5 !re & "k ( its influ5ce1 call ?is =ce ! ,tuskegee _s4 ,?is _s1 to ! /ud5t possess+ a sp>k ( manhood1 is irresi/ible4 ,! *ange 9 a /ud5t at ,tuskegee is n sudd51 nor is x wr\ght by any "o elem5t4 ,?+s t may seem small :5 tak5 sep>ately1 are invaluable :5 consid]$ 9 ! aggregate4 ,at ,tuskegee "o's att5tion is con/antly call$ to little ?+s4 ,x 0 a habit ( m9e1 ,i regret to say1 to give little or no ?\ght to my hat be+ on my head :5 ,i 0 9 any ( ! boys' dormitories1 or :5 pass+ ?r\gh ! halls ( ! build+s conta9+ ! class-rooms4 ,my att5tion 0 f9ally call$ to ?is habit by "o ( ! lady tea*]s4 ,pass+ me "o day 9 ! hall1 %e said3 ,canty1 y h a habit ( we>+ y\r hat ?r\gh ! halls4 ,x is a v bad habit4 ,:5 ,i ent]$ ,tuskegee ,i _h n worn a night-%irt s9ce ,i 0 a *ild4 ,"h x 0 soon impress$ ^u me t sleep+ 9 a night-%irt 0 a sign ( cleanl9ess1 ( civilization4 ,if !re is any place :]e cleanl9ess is reg>d$ & practis$ z "o ( ,god's fir/ laws1 t place is ,tuskegee4 ,"o day ,mr4 ,wa%+ton s5t = me to come to 8 (fice4 ,i receiv$ ! message ) fe> & trembl+4 ,i _h1 be=e ?is "t1 _h b "o opportunity to speak to ,mr4 ,wa%+ton1 & !n only = a few m9utes ^u ! day foll[+ my arrival4 ,on my way to ! (fice ,i wond]$ if any rule ( ! in/itution _h be5 violat$ by me4 ,?\gh ,i _h be5 !re only ?ree or f\r weeks1 ,i knew a reque/ = a /ud5t to report at ! ,pr9cipal's (fice meant t he 0 to be giv5 notice ( imm95t puni%m5t1 or consult$ ^u "s matt] ( vital int]e/4 ,:5 ,i ent]$ ! (fice1 ,mr4 ,wa%+ton ask$ me to write to two or ?ree wor?y "y m5 at my home & inquire if !y desir$ a *ance to "w _! way ?r\gh s*ool4 ,sev]al days _h pass$ :5 ,i receiv$ an answ] f "o ( ! "y m5 to :om ,i wrote4 ,x s happ5$ t on ! day ! lett] 0 receiv$ ,i met ,mr4 ,wa%+ton on 8 way to 8 (fice1 & said1 ,mr4 ,wa%+ton draw+ ! lett] f my pocket1 ,i h receiv$ a lett] f-- ,"h my fir/ s5t5ce 0 cut %ort by ,mr4 ,wa%+ton =cibly ge/iculat+ & say+1 ,come to ! (fice2 come to ! (fice & see me !re4 ,t "o lecture on bus9ess me?ods impress$ me 9 a way t a *apt] ( ?is l5g? c\ld n h done4 ,"o day ,i clos$ a door ) consid]able =ce1 :i* attract$ ! att5tion ( "o ( ! tea*]s4 ,! tea*]1 9 my pres5ce1 aga9 op5$ ! door & g5tly clos$ x1 noiselessly & )\t a ^w4 ,i h nev] s9ce =gott5 ! prop] way 9 :i* to op5 & close doors4 ,little details are big ess5tials 9 ! r\nd+ out ( "*4 ,!y %[ ! influ5ce ( ! ,tuskegee _s4 ,b1 aft] all1 ?is _s w\ld n be s irresi/ible 9 its influ5ce = good if ! tea*]s & (fic]s ( ! in/itution 7 n ! embodim5t & liv+ example ( x4 ,"h1 z else:]e & ev]y:]e1 example is m pot5t ?an precept4 ,e in/itution has policies peculi>ly its own4 ,x is necess>y t e tea*] & (fic] support t policy to make x effective4 ,ea* in/ructor has a di/9ct individuality t becomes a "p ( ! /ud5t1 9 small] or great] degree1 & at ! same "t gives =ce & /r5g? to ! policies ( ! in/itution4 ,?\gh ,i felt ! influ5ce ( e "o ( ! ?irty-odd tea*]s !n at ,tuskegee1 ! individuality ( "s ( ^! made a v great impression on me4 ,i rememb] ,mr4 ,w4 ,d4 ,wilson z a v quiet & effective discipl9>ian4 ,mr4 ,w>r5 ,logan1 ! treasur]1 has ! ability to tea* ! /ud5t ! value ( a doll> by mak+ him sacrifice almo/ beyond ! po9t ( endurance4 ,at ! same "t1 ) a smile & a *e]ful disposition1 he w\ld make ! /ud5t feel t 8 burd5 0 light4 ,?r\gh ! k9dness & special int]e/ manife/$ 9 me by ,mr4 ,m4 ,t4 ,driv]1 :o 0 9 *>ge ( :eelwright+ & blacksmi?+1 ,i made rapid progress at my trade4 ,miss ,adella ,h4 ,hunt1 :o has s9ce become ! wife ( ,treasur] ,logan1 0 !n a tea*] :o _h ! faculty ( t\*+ a responsive *ord 9 a /ud5t4 ,mrs4 ,book] ,t4 ,wa%+ton1 !n ,miss ,m>g>et ,j4 ,murray1 impress$ me v mu*4 ,/rong & res\rceful 9 deal+ ) /ud5ts1 %e always won ! be/ t 0 9 !m4 ,my /ud5t-days 7 almo/ at an end :5 %e came to ,tuskegee4 ,illu/ration3 ,,/ud5ts ,,cann+ ,,fruit4 ,i %all ev] feel grateful to ,mr4 ,j4 ,h4 ,wa%+ton = ! enc\ragem5t he gave me4 ,be+ sup]9t5d5t ( indu/ries1 he 0 !n1 z he is n[1 9 con/ant t\* ) e male /ud5t4 ,he is a believ] 91 & a firm advocate (1 /eady1 ?or\gh1 e>ne/ "w1 & is quick to see1 appreciate1 & enc\rage ! smalle/ degree ( ability %[n by any /ud5t4 ,no "t seem$ too valuable = him to give 9 try+ to advance a /ud5t 9 8 "w4 ,i might add "h t ! tea*]s "h nam$ are1 ) two exceptions1 among ! pione]s 9 ! build+ ( ! s*ool4 ,mr4 ,book] ,t4 ,wa%+ton's p]sonality is ! great ?+ at ,tuskegee1 & e /ud5t :o goes !re feels ! /r5g? ( ! man's rugg$ individuality4 ,mr4 ,b4 ,t4 is an affectionate t]m us$ by ! /ud5ts1 b x spr+s f an indescribable1 spontane\s feel+ ( love & v5]ation4 ,8 ,sunday ev5+ talks to ! /ud5ts are to me l ! ,book ( ,prov]bs1 always timely1 enc\rag+1 & applicable to ! affairs ( e-day life4 ,x is f ^! family talks t ! /ud5ts le>n1 z !y nev] h be=e1 ! beauty t lies 9 real1 e-day ,*ri/ianity1 & 9 liv+ a real & simple life4 ,x is f ^! talks t ! /ud5ts le>n s mu* ( ! great he>t & c5t] ( ! in/itution4 ,mr4 ,wa%+ton /ill deliv]s ,sunday ev5+ talks :5 at s*ool1 & !y are publi%$ 9 ! s*ool's weekly pap]1 ,! ,tuskegee ,/ud5t4 ,graduates ?r\gh\t ! c\ntry eag]ly read ^! talks ) ! same int]e/ & pleasure ) :i* !y li/5$ to !m :ile 9 s*ool4 ,mr4 ,wa%+ton taught !n1 z he tea*es n[1 psy*ology to ! ,s5ior class4 ,! /ud5t has n become intimately acqua9t$ ) ,mr4 ,wa%+ton until he becomes a ,s5ior4 ,x is "h t ! memb]s ( ! ,s5ior class talk ( _! pa/ & future lives & receive ! outp\r+s ( a great b simple s\l4 ,mr4 ,wa%+ton's long & frequ5t abs5ces f ! s*ool are no less regrett$ by ! tea*]s ?an by ! /ud5ts4 ,soon aft] ent]+ s*ool ,i began to ?9k ( :at ,i %\ld d aft] graduat+4 ,my incl9ation l$ me to feel t success w\ld be f\nd along m]cantile l9es4 ,9 spite ( ?is ,i appli$ myself zeal\sly to my trade4 ,dur+ my la/ two ye>s 9 s*ool ,i did :at tea*+ 9 blacksmi?+ my lit]>y "w p]mitt$1 ! s*ool be+ )\t an in/ructor 9 ?is indu/ry = a %ort :ile4 ,!re 0 !n no c\rse 9 eng9e]+ or 9 ma*9]y1 s ,i did all ! pipe-"w & kept ! ma*9]y ( ! s*ool 9 repair4 ,9 ?is way ,i le>n$ some?+ ( ma*9]y )\t an in/ructor4 ,) "s pride ,i recall ! fact t ,i iron$ ! fir/ f>m-wagons1 ! fir/ two-seat$ spr+-wagon1 & ! fir/ buggy made at ,tuskegee4 ,i also pip$ ! s*ool's fir/ ba?room = girls4 ,9 ,may ( my ,s5ior ye> ,i 0 v mu* surpris$ to receive a note f ,pr9cipal ,book] ,t4 ,wa%+ton intimat+ t he desir$ me to connect myself ) ! s*ool ! foll[+ ye>4 ,lat] he /at$ ! nature ( ! "w he want$ me to d4 ,i accept$ ! (f] he made me4 ,i 0 ask$ to tea* 9 ! night-s*ool & in/ruct 9 ! blacksmi?-%op "o-half ( ea* week-day4 ,a few days aft] graduation ,i visit$ my home ) ! int5tion ( sp5d+ ! summ] !re4 ,i 0 !re ab\t ?ree weeks1 :5 ,i receiv$ a lett] f ,mr4 ,john ,h4 ,wa%+ton reque/+ my return to ,tuskegee ! next week1 if ,i c\ld s arrange4 ,he at t "t 0 bo? sup]9t5d5t ( indu/ries & comm&ant4 ,on my return he in=m$ me t ! ,pr9cipal _h decid$ t s9ce 8 duties z sup]9t5d5t ( indu/ries 7 s important1 he 0 to be reliev$ ( all o!rs1 & t 9 lieu ( in/ruct+ 9 ! blacksmi?-%op1 ,i 0 to be (f]$ ! "w z comm&ant4 ,at once ,i set ab\t gett+ ! boys' rooms 9 ord] = ! op5+ ( s*ool4 ,dur+ ! two previ\s ye>s1 ev5 :ile a /ud5t1 ,i _h virtually be5 act+ z comm&ant1 s9ce no "o man c\ld c>ry d\ble responsibilities su* z ,mr4 ,j4 ,h4 ,wa%+ton _h be5 c>ry+4 ,i 0 appo9t$ comm&ant1 & plac$ 9 *>ge ( ! night-s*ool = a ye>4 ,i !n resign$1 look+ =w>d to foll[+ my old-"t incl9ation ( engag+ 9 "s m]cantile bus9ess4 ,i knew t ,i c\ld accumulate means = ?is purpose soon] by work+ at my trade1 z ,i receiv$ two doll>s p] day work+ z a blacksmi? dur+ vacation seasons at ,birm+ham1 ,ala4 ,my fir/ m>riage occurr$ 9 #ahia1 my wife be+ ,miss ,s>ah ,j4 ,h>ris4 ,we 7 classmates at ,tuskegee f\r ye>s1 & graduat$ toge!r4 ,%e di$ 9 #ahid at ,in/itute1 ,w4 ,va4 ,our long association & acqua9tance made u und]/& ea* o!r ev5 be=e we 7 m>ri$4 ,hav+ become a ,*ri/ian be=e myself1 %e _h mu* to d ) my conv]sion :ile ,i 0 a /ud5t4 ,%e 0 a great help to me 9 _m ways1 & ?r\gh h] economy ,i 0 able to beg9 ! pur*ase ( my fir/ prop]ty4 ,portia1 ! olde/ & only *ild n[ liv+ ( ! ?ree *ildr5 born to u1 is 9 ! ,little ,girls' ,home at ,knoxville ,college1 ,t5n4 ,9 #ahig ,i 0 m>ri$ to ,miss ,flor5ce ,lovett1 a graduate ( ,/or] ,college1 ,h>p]s ,f]ry1 ,w4 ,va4 ,%e %>es my burd5s1 & is 9 e way a "p ( :atev] success ,i am able to a*ieve4 ,f\r *ildr5 h be5 born to u4 ,aft] resign+ my position z comm&ant & head ( ! night-s*ool at ,tuskegee1 ,i sp5t a few weeks visit+ relatives1 & !n return$ to ,m>ietta4 ,"h ,i work$ at my trade 9 a c>riage-%op1 :]e a great deal ( ma*9e-"w 0 done = two furniture factories & a plan+-mill4 ,mu* ( my "t 0 sp5t 9 repair+ ma*9]y & mak+ bits & knives = ! factories4 ,:ile at home ,i tri$ to make myself a "p ( ! p 9 a helpful way4 ,i liv$ ) my p>5ts ab\t two miles f ! t[n4 ,on my fa!r's f>m 0 a *ur*1 ! gr\nd = :i* _h be5 giv5 by my fa!r4 ,i 0 elect$ sup]9t5d5t ( ! ,sunday-s*ool ( ?is *ur*1 & fill$ ?is position z long z ,i rema9$ !re4 ,soon aft] ! ,sunday-s*ool 0 />t$ x occurr$ to me t ! "y p ( ! community c\ld be greatly help$ by a lit]>y society4 ,) ! aid ( o!rs ,i organiz$ a society & 0 elect$ its presid5t4 ,we met e ,friday night at ! h\se ( "s memb]4 ,x 0 ! cu/om to meet at diff]5t places1 s t ! long di/ances necess>y to walk w\ld be equally %>$ by all4 ,ev5 by ?is arrangem5t "s _h to walk ?ree & f\r miles1 b ! pleasure & b5efit d]iv$ f att5d+ ! society repaid u = ! tr\ble4 ,aft] ,i _h be5 at my home ab\t a ye>1 ,i receiv$ a lett] f ,mr4 ,book] ,t4 ,wa%+ton reque/+ t ,i write to ,mr4 ,j4 ,edw9 ,campbell1 ,pr9cipal ( ! ,we/ ,virg9ia ,color$ ,in/itute1 !n locat$ ne> ,f>m1 ,w4 ,va4 ,enclos$ ) ,mr4 ,wa%+ton's lett] 0 "o ,mr4 ,campbell _h writt51 ask+ t a ,tuskegee graduate be nam$ to take ! position ( ,sup]9t5d5t ( ,me*anics4 ,?is title has s9ce be5 *ang$ to ,sup]9t5d5t ( ,me*anical ,indu/ries4 ,on ,janu>y #c1 #ahic1 ,i arriv$ at ! ,we/ ,virg9ia ,color$ ,in/itute & ent]$ ^u my duties1 & h held ! position ev] s9ce4 ,illu/ration3 ,,/>t+ ,a ,,new ,,build+4 ,/ud5t masons lay+ ! f\ndation 9 brick4 ,9 ! e>ly summ] ( #ahih ,mr4 ,j4 ,h4 ,hill1 :o 0 !n pr9cipal1 resign$ to accept a ,lieut5ancy 9 a company ( ,unit$ ,/ates ,volunte]s4 ,dur+ ! int]im foll[+ ! resignation ( ,mr4 ,hill & ! appo9tm5t ( ,mr4 ,j4 ,mc,henry ,jones1 ! pres5t pr9cipal1 ,i 0 plac$ 9 *>ge ( ! s*ool by ! ,bo>d ( ,reg5ts4 ,mr4 ,jones 0 elect$ pr9cipal ,septemb] #ba1 #ahih4 ,until ! fall ( #ahih my duties 7 _m & v>i$1 z ,i _h no assi/ance 9 c>ry+ on ! indu/rial "w ( ! s*ool4 ,i taught blacksmi?+1 c>p5t]+1 & me*anical draw+4 ,besides ?is1 ,i h _h to put ! sew]age sy/em into ! in/itution1 & ! heat+ app>atus into sev]al ( ! s*ool build+s4 ,/ill1 a "p ( my "t 9 #ahid 0 devot$ to tea*+ 9 ! lit]>y dep>tm5t4 ,my "w n[1 :ile z exact+ z ev]1 is m along ! l9e ( sup]9t5d+ ! me*anical indu/ries & 9 tea*+ me*anical draw+4 ,! s*ool has gr[n1 s9ce my com+ "h1 f #c tea*]s & #cj /ud5ts to a faculty ( #ah tea*]s & #ahg /ud5ts4 ,!re are #f in/ructors 9 ! me*anical dep>tm5t = boys4 ,we give in/ruction 9 c>p5try1 pr9t+1 blacksmi?+1 brick masonry1 pla/]+1 :eelwright+1 & me*anical draw+4 ,^! indu/ries are h\s$ 9 a build+--! ,a4 ,b4 ,:ite ,trades ,build+--t co/ #ce1jjj4 ,9 conclud+ ?is sket*1 ,i repeat ) emphasis :at ,i said 9 ! beg9n+3 ,:atev] my accompli%m5ts may be1 ! cr$it is due to ,tuskegee4 ,i d n wi% 9 life to be reg>d$ z a man ( *ance possibilities1 b r z "o :o has consi/5tly p]sev]$ 9 all ( 8 /ruggles4 ,tuskegee tea*es no?+ ) great] =ce ?an t success lies 9 t direction4 ,pr9cipal ,wa%+ton1 among o!r ?+s1 has taught t x is necess>y to get prop]ty & h a bank-acc\nt4 ,i h compli$ ) t tea*+4 ,i own a f>m ( #ajj acres )9 "o-eigh? ( a mile ( ! s*ool4 ,my fir/ prop]ty1 :i* ,i /ill own1 consi/s ( a "o-acre lot & a sev5-room h\se4 ,x gives me pleasure to contribute annually #aj to ,tuskegee1 al?\gh ?is b inadequately expresses my gratitude to ! in/itution to :i* ,i owe s mu*4 #b ,! ,we/ ,po9t sy/em is foll[$ 9 tra9+ ! "y m54 ,except t !re are no guns1 a complete battalion organization exi/s4 ,,xvi ,a ,,negro ,,community ,,build] ,,by ,,russell ,c4 ,,calh\n ,i h be5 ask$ to "h set =? incid5ts ( my life z ,i rememb] !m1 especially z !y relate to my life at ,tuskegee & my "w s9ce leav+ !re4 ,?\gh !re h be5 q a numb] ( ev5ts 9 my life1 x is some:at difficult = me to give !m 9 ! way !y are n[ desir$1 z x nev] occurr$ to me t !y w\ld be wor? repeat+4 ,conc]n+ my ance/ry1 x is impossible = me to give any?+ beyond my mat]nal gr&fa!r1 :o 0 ab\t ?ree-f\r?s ,indian4 ,my recollections ( him g back to ! "t :5 ,i 0 ab\t six or sev5 ye>s ( age4 ,my "m1 hav+ m *ildr5 ?an %e c\ld really c>e =1 decid$ to all[ "o ( my bro!rs1 :o 0 p]haps a ye> & a half y\ng] ?an ,i1 & myself1 to live ) him & 8 second wife4 ,my gr&fa!r 0 q sev5ty-five ye>s ( age :5 we w5t to live ) him1 & 0 too feeble to "w4 ,he 0 support$ f ! poor-h\se1 :i* gave him a peck ( meal1 #b-a_/b p\nds ( bacon1 #a p\nd ( c(fee1 #a p\nd ( br[n sug>1 & once a mon? #be c5ts' wor? ( fl\r4 ,t1 toge!r ) ! little 8 wife c\ld e>n f place to place1 con/itut$ ! rations ( all ( u = a week4 ,( my bir? no record 0 kept1 my "m hav+ be5 a slave4 ,all ,i h be5 able to le>n ( ! date ( my bir? is :at my "m rememb]s connect$ ) ! close ( slav]y4 ,9 try+ to asc]ta9 f h] :5 ,i 0 born1 %e said1 ,y 0 born "s "t j aft] ,*ri/mas1 9 ! mon? ( ,janu>y1 ! ?ird ye> aft] ! surr5d]4 ,my "m _h twelve *ildr54 ,i 0 ! eigh? *ild & ! second "o born aft] slav]y4 ,all except two ( ! *ildr5 7 born 9 ! same "o-room log cab9 ) a dirt floor1 9 ! t[n ( ,pauld+1 ,jasp] ,c\nty1 ,miss4 ,my "m did ! cook+ = h] ma/]'s family & ! plantation help1 did all ( ! milk+1 & 0 also wa%]-woman4 ,9 ! summ] ( #ahif ,i aga9 visit$ ,pauld+1 j aft] graduat+ f ,tuskegee4 ,i _h to g !re to move my ag$ "m to m com=table qu>t]s4 ,%e 0 q ill1 & di$ soon aft] ,i rea*$ ,florida ) h]4 ,:5 ,i w5t to ,pauld+ ,i measur$ ! h\se 9 :i* ,i 0 born1 & f\nd x to be #i feet wide1 #ag feet long1 #g feet high1 ) no w9d[s1 ) b "o door1 & a dirt *imney4 ,! furni%+ z ,i rememb] x 0 compos$ ( a *air1 a /ool1 a table1 & my "m's b$1 :i* 0 con/ruct$ 9 "o corn] ( ! h\se4 ,! b$ 0 made by putt+ a po/ 9 ! gr\nd & nail+ two pieces ( wood to ! wall f ?is po/1 !n by putt+ 9 a floor1 mak+ some?+ l a box to hold ! b$d+4 ,! *ildr5 slept 9 a simil>ly con/ruct$ place1 except t ! mattress 0 on ! gr\nd & 0 fill$ ) /raw4 ,our b$d+1 = ! mo/ "p1 0 :at we>+ app>el we possess$ ?r[n ov] u at night4 ,outside ! h\se 0 a long b5*1 :i* 0 kept = ! accommodation ( visitors4 ,a peculi> incid5t 9 our home life happ5$ "o ,sunday morn+ 9 ,m>*--"o ,ea/] ,sunday4 ,all ( ! small] *ildr5 7 seat$ on ! floor eat+ _! breakfa/s f pans & skillets1 :5 a big black snake1 )\t any reg>d = ! *ildr51 w5t into a hole by ! fireplace4 ,:5 "o ( my old] bro!rs und]took to f9d him & op5$ ?is hole1 he f\nd1 in/ead ( "o1 f\r black snakes t _h be5 w9t]+ 9 ! side ( ! h\se4 ,!re 0 no *ur* or s*ool = u 9 t :ole section4 ,a :ite man1 a ,doctor ,cotton1 to :om ,i 0 aft]w>d giv5 until ,i %\ld become tw5ty-"o ye>s ( age1 s5t 8 boys to a s*ool :i* requir$ t !y walk eight miles to x & return ea* day4 ,:5 ,i 0 p]haps eight ye>s ( age ,i rememb] t my "m & all ( ! *ildr5 w5t to ,spr+ ,hill to a camp-meet+2 t 0 ! fir/ s]vice at :i* ,i _h he>d a m9i/]4 ,!y _h a ,sunday-s*ool1 & ,i 0 put into a class4 ,! tea*] gave u leaflets & ask$ u to read :]e we f\nd ! big lett] ,a4 ,?is 0 ! fir/ & only lett] t ,i knew = _m ye>s4 ,?is camp-meet+ 0 held once a ye>1 ?\gh at times !re w\ld be pray]-meet+s among ! diff]5t families on ! plantation4 ,my "m1 be+ a h>d-work+ woman & kn[+ ! value ( keep+ *ildr5 busy1 compell$ e "o ( u to "w 9 "s way ar\nd ! h\se or on ! f>m4 ,i "k ( no lesson :i* %e taught me & :i* has be5 ( m value to me ?an t ( do+ ) y\r might :at y\r h&s f9d to d4 ,x 0 a rule ( h] h\sehold t we %\ld n g to b$ )\t hav+ wat] 9 ! h\se4 ,! wat] _h to be br\ght f a spr+ a mile & a half away4 ,i rememb] cle>ly h[ "o night "o ( my bro!rs & myself tri$ to deceive h]2 h[ we secur$ "s n ov]cle> wat] f a hole ne>-by our home1 & h[ %e pit*$ x out & s5t u ! :ole di/ance to ! spr+4 ,al?\gh ?is 0 _m ye>s ago1 ,i n[ see1 m & m1 :at x means to g all ! way to ! real spr+1 & ,i ?ank h] memory = ! lesson4 ,:5 ,i 0 ab\t t5 ye>s ( age ! same ,doctor ,cotton ( :om ,i h spok5 came to my gr&mo!r's to hire "o ( ! boys to m9d ! b>s1 z ! teams 7 haul+ corn to ! b>n & ! driv]s did n want to put !m up ea* "t4 ,i 0 delight$ to be ! *os5 "o ( ! two4 ,my fir/ *ance to e>n money 0 ?us (f]$4 ,i /ay$ !re e day f sunrise to sunset = a little m ?an ?ree weeks1 & x 0 a happy day :5 ,doctor ,cotton reque/$ all h&s to come up & be paid (f4 ,i d n "k :at ! re/ receiv$2 ?\gh ,i _h bo>d$ f ! scanty f>e be=e m5tion$ at my gr&mo!r's home1 he gave me fifte5 c5ts1 pay+ me 9 ?ree nickels4 ,i _h nev] _h any money 9 my h&s be=e1 & = fe> ,i might lose x ,i put x 9 my pocket & held ! pocket ) bo? h&s1 & ran = m ?an two miles1 c>ry+ x home4 ,"o nickel ( ! ?ree 0 giv5 me = my %>e4 ,seem+ly ?is ,doctor ,cotton 0 v mu* impress$ ) ! way ,i _h p]=m$ my duty at ! b>s1 = 9 ! next few weeks he aga9 visit$ my gr&mo!r4 ,i 0 q anxi\s to "k :at 8 frequ5t visits meant1 & 0 v mu* delight$1 z well z surpris$1 :5 x 0 told me1 "o morn+ :5 x 0 v cold1 & ,i _h on only two pieces ( clo?+ made ( "s v co>se mat]ial resembl+ canvas1 t ,i 0 to live ) ,doctor ,cotton until rea*+ manhood1 & 0 to eat at 8 h\se4 ,he told me 9 my gr&mo!r's pres5ce t if ,i w\ld /ay ) him until ,i 0 tw5ty-"o ye>s ( age ,i w\ld receive a horse1 a bridle & saddle1 a suit ( clo!s1 & #aj1 9 addition to my keep4 ,?is 0 su* an app>5tly big (f] t my gr&mo!r's & my he>t leap$ = joy4 ,:5 ,i _h liv$ ) him = a few days he _h giv5 me ! fir/ pair ( %oes1 ( ! copp]-toe v>iety1 ,i ev] wore4 ,i h nev] =gott5 my fir/ day's /ay at ?is new home4 ,my :ole object t fir/ day 0 to eat ev]y?+ 9 sight4 ,at my own home ,i slept on ! dirt floor2 at ?is new home ,i slept 9 ! attic1 my b$ be+ a pile ( cotton-se$ ) a quilt = cov]+4 ,my duty at ?is new home 0 to att5d to ! horses1 to br+ ! c[s f ! pa/ure1 sweep ! y>d1 wait on ! table1 nurse two *ildr51 etc4 ,i /ay$ at ?is place = two & "o-half ye>s1 & z my k ( ?+s increas$ my duties became m & m exact+4 ,dur+ ?is :ole "t1 & = two ye>s be=e1 ,i _h n se5 or he>d f my "m4 ,i 0 tw5ty miles f any railroad1 & _h nev] se5 or he>d ( a railroad tra94 ,we liv$ on ! public road betwe5 ,pauld+ & ,ent]prise1 & by "s means ,i he>d t my "m _h gone to ! railroad4 ,?\gh ,i _h nev] be5 away on my own res\rces1 ,i resolv$ to d bett] ?an ,i 0 do+4 ,i rememb] v well t x 0 ,monday morn+ :5 "o ( ! doctor's daught]s said to me1 ,russell1 y g d[n to ',v9a's h\se1 tell h] to come & sc\r = me2 come by ! /ore & get a package ( soda2 !n come ?r\gh ! field & drive ! turkeys home4 ,provid5ce nev] favor$ any "o m ?an x did me on t day4 ,i w5t by ! /ore & told !m to d up ! soda1 ,i w5t by & told ',v9a t %e 0 want$1 b ,i did n drive ! turkeys home4 ,i />t$ out 9 se>* ( my "m1 & aft] walk+ m ?an half ! di/ance ,i ov]took an ox-team1 & ! driv] all[$ me to ride a "p ( ! way4 ,i rea*$ ! railroad t[n ab\t night1 & /&+ !re 0 a freight tra9 ( ! ,mobile & ,ohio ,railroad4 ,i 0 nev] s fright5$ 9 all my life z :5 ! :i/le blew & ?is object mov$ away4 ,i rememb] ask+ ! driv] ( ! ox-team :]e ! ?+'s eyes 71 & :]e ! horses 7 t pull$ x4 ,! doctor1 suspect+ t ,i _h gone to ,ent]prise 9 se>* ( my "m1 made plans to capture me & h me return$1 b all ( ?is fail$4 ,by good =tune ,i f\nd my bro!r1 :o 0 m>ri$ & liv+ 9 ?is t[n2 "h aga9 ,i became a nurse1 hav+ to c>e = 8 two *ildr54 ,aft]w>d ,i w5t to live ) a :ite family :i* 0 v k9d to me4 ,! "y man :o c>ri$ me to 8 h\se z a nurse put into my h&s1 aft] ,i _h be5 !re "s mon?s1 ! fir/ spell+-book ,i _h ev] _h2 say+ to me t if ,i w\ld /ay ) !m = two ye>s1 he w\ld at ! end ( t "t s5d me to s*ool4 ,i /ay$ at ?is place = "s mon?s1 :5 my "m came f some:]e1 ,i "k n :]e1 & ) five ( ! boys we jo9$ ourselves toge!r to "w on a plantation on halves4 ,we work$ v h>d t ye>4 ,our food 0 furni%$ by ! own] ( ! plantation4 ,on _m ( ^? long1 cold days1 = all day1 we _h only a pone ( corn bread4 ,at ! close ( ! ye>1 aft] ! own] _h tak5 8 half1 & on acc\nt ( bad managem5t on ! "p ( an old] bro!r :o _h *>ge ( affairs1 my "m & h] y\ng] *ildr5 receiv$ no?+ = ! ye>'s "w1 & ?is1 not)/&+ ! fact t we made five & "o-half bales ( cotton & a l>ge quantity ( corn & peas4 ,i receiv$ z my sal>y = ! ye>'s "w "o %irt wor? ?irty c5ts & a pair ( susp5d]s wor? ab\t fifte5 c5ts4 ,i resolv$ to run away aga94 ,?is trip 0 made at night1 on foot1 ov] newly laid railroad-ties1 = a di/ance ( sev5te5 miles4 ,i rea*$ ,m]idian1 ,miss41 at a late h\r ( ! night1 & took refuge 9 a %$ us$ = ! /or+ ( railroad iron4 ,! next morn+ ,i ov]he>d two color$ m51 :o 7 on _! way to get meat ready = ! t[n-m>ket two miles away1 talk+4 ,i jo9$ ^! m51 & s\ght employm5t along ) !m1 b !y soon le>n$ t ,i knew no?+ ( but*]+4 ,h[ev]1 ! own] ( ! p51 :o _h a l>ge g>d51 gave me a trial1 & ,i rema9$ ) him = ?ree ye>s4 ,aft] ,i 0 !re a little m ?an a ye> my "w 0 to plant & c>e = ! small se$s4 ,?is man1 ,mr4 ,nady ,sims1 0 a good man1 & ,i _h no cause = leav+ him except t ( wi%+ to get a place to e>n m money1 t ,i might help c>e = my "m & h] small] *ildr54 ,i w5t next to a brick-y>d1 :]e ,i receiv$ fifty c5ts p] day4 ,!re 7 ?ree boys at ea* table1 & we _h to (f-be> #e1ejj bricks1 ! task = ea* day4 ,?is 0 inde$ h>d "w4 ,drift+ into hotel "w1 ,i soon acquir$ ! habit ( mo/ ( ^? :o are engag$ 9 su* "w3 ,i sp5t all ,i e>n$ = f9e clo!s4 ,dur+ my /ay on ! vegetable f>m ,i bo>d$ at ! home ( "o ( ! "y m5 previ\sly ref]r$ to1 ^: si/]1 ,m>y ,cl9ton1 :o has s9ce become my wife & devot$ assi/ant1 "o day he>d a woman say %e knew ( a s*ool 9 ,alabama :]e boys & girls c\ld "w = _! education1 & t %e 0 go+ to s5d h] boy to t s*ool4 ,?is ?\ght rema9$ 9 h] m9d = "s mon?s1 & %e decid$ to g to ,tuskegee1 ?\gh h] bro!rs & si/]s disc\rag$ ! idea1 feel+1 z !y said1 t if %e w5t to ?is unkn[n place h] :ole life w\ld be a failure4 ,%e rea*$ ,tuskegee 9 ,septemb]1 #ahhe1 at a "t :5 !re 0 b "o build+4 ,%e work$ 9 _m places :ile !re1 includ+ ! laundry1 ! tea*]s' d9+-room1 ! sew+ division1 ) ,pr9cipal ,wa%+ton's family1 z well z ) ! families ( o!r tea*]s4 ,on acc\nt ( poor heal?1 especially because ( ?roat tr\ble1 %e 0 compell$ to return home at ! end ( five ye>s )\t graduat+4 ,no soon] _h %e rea*$ home aga9 ?an %e began a crusade = ,tuskegee4 ,i 0 !n tw5ty-"o ye>s ( age1 _h nev] _h a day's s*ool+1 & c\ld read b v little4 ,i propos$ m>riage to ,miss ,cl9ton z soon z %e return$1 b %e repli$3 ,y d n "k any?+ except ab\t hotel "w4 ,i h be5 to ,tuskegee & see ! ne$ ( y\r kn[+ some?+4 ,i also ne$ to "k m ?an ,i d4 ,i c easily m>ry "s "o :o kn[s m ?an y d1 b if y w g to s*ool ,i w assi/ y 9 any way t ,i c4 ,?is proposition ,i accept$1 & on ,septemb] #b1 #ahij1 ,i rea*$ ,tuskegee & began my fir/ day 9 s*ool4 ,i _h "s k ( c>p5try1 & 0 = t reason assign$ to ! c>p5t]-%op = "w dur+ ! day2 ,i att5d$ s*ool at night4 ,!re 7 n9ety-?ree "y m5 & wom5 9 ! class :5 ,i ent]$ s*ool2 ( t numb] only two1 9 addition to myself1 rema9$ ?r\gh ! entire c\rse4 ,i c nev] =get my exam9ation by ,miss ,maggie ,j4 ,murray1 n[ ,mrs4 ,book] ,t4 ,wa%+ton4 ,!re 7 q ?ree hundr$ new /ud5ts 9 ! *apel ( ,port] ,hall1 "o ( ! olde/ build+s ( ! in/itution1 tak+ exam9ations at ! same "t4 ,%e gave me two slips ( pap]1 a p5cil1 & ! que/ions1 & said to me3 ,write ! answ]s to ^! que/ions4 ,%e w5t ab\t o!r duties1 & aft] ab\t ?ree h\rs return$ to me = my pap]s2 !n = ! fir/ "t 9 my life ,i le>n$ ! mean+ ( geography & ari?metic4 ,! slips ( pap] m5tion$ ask$ que/ions on ^? subjects4 ,i _h n put any?+ on ! pap]4 ,%e ask$ me if ,i knew ( any l>ge cities2 if ,i _h ev] cross$ a riv] or se5 a hill2 if ,i knew ! "n ( ! railroad ov] :i* ,i _h come to rea* ,tuskegee4 ,i 0 able to answ] ea* ( ^! que/ions v readily2 & %e said1 ,calh\n1 t is geography4 ,%e assign$ me to "o ( ! l[e/ classes 9 ! night-s*ool4 ,i b\ght books :i* co/ #a4gj1 & _h fifty-two c5ts left4 ,i soon sp5t ! fifty c5ts4 ,= sev5 mon?s dur+ my fir/ ye>'s /ay my only possession 0 repres5t$ by a two-c5t /amp4 ,i _h _h _m good fri5ds be=e go+ to ,tuskegee1 & debat$ long z to :i* ( !m ,i %\ld devote ! two-c5t /amp1 tru/+ to receive "s f9ancial aid4 ,f9ally ,i decid$ on "o ( ^! good fri5ds4 ,i us$ ! /amp1 & h n he>d f him f t day to ?is4 ,:ile c>p5try 0 my special trade1 ,i f\nd ! opportunity to get in=mation z to ! o!r indu/ries on ! gr\nds4 ,all ( ?is supplem5tal /udy has prov$ mo/ helpful to me 9 my pres5t "w4 ,mo/ p]sons :o ent] s*ool = ! fir/ "t1 & especially indu/rial s*ools1 get wrong impressions at ! />t4 ,not)/&+ ! fact t ,i 0 a "y man :o _h knock$ ab\t ! _w q a little1 ,i ?\ght ,i _h made a mi/ake 9 ent]+ s*ool1 & did n beg9 to see t ,i _h done prop]ly until ,i _h be5 !re = eight or n9e mon?s4 ,i ask$ = an excuse to leave s*ool e>ly 9 ! fir/ t]m2 x 0 d5i$ me4 ,i tri$ to sell my trunk = #g1 s t ,i might run away4 ,i _h a p5*ant = runn+ away f disagreeable surr\nd+s4 ,i 0 (f]$ #f1 b = ! sake ( ! diff]5ce ( #a ,i decid$ to rema94 ,i d n hesitate to say t ea* day ,i live 9 my he>t ,i mo/ he>tily ?ank ! good fri5ds :o h made x possible = ,tuskegee to be2 ,i am also mo/ grateful t ,i 0 able to rea* x & receive ! tra9+ :i* ,i receiv$ !re4 ,i did no?+ great :ile at ,tuskegee1 b ,i rememb] ) pride t ,i gave no tr\ble 9 any way dur+ my soj\rn4 ,i us$ my sp>e h\rs mak+ picture-frames1 repair+ w9d[-%ades1 mak+ fl[]-/&s & fl[]-boxes1 & work+ fl[]-g>d5s = ! v>i\s ,faculty families4 ,! money receiv$ ,i sav$ until ! end ( ! s*ool t]m4 ,at ! end ( ea* t]m !re 7 always a l>ge numb] ( /ud5ts :o c>$ no?+ = _! books1 & all b gave !m away4 ,look+ ?ree mon?s ahead1 ,i b\ght ^! books & sold !m to new /ud5ts :o ent]$ ! foll[+ ye>4 ,"o ye> alone ,i cle>$ #dj 9 ?is way4 ,! second-h& book bus9ess among ! /ud5ts began f ?is ef=t on my "p to add to my little pile ( ca% money4 ,hav+ complet$ ! c\rse ) a class ( ?irty-"o memb]s1 ,may #bf1 #ahif1 ,i />t$ /raight = my home1 ,m]idian1 ,miss4 ,= six ye>s1 z a /ud5t1 ,i _h be5 at ,tuskegee & "u its influ5ces2 n[ ,i _h only my consci5ce to dictate to me & to keep me /raight4 ,feel+ t ,i c\ld n d mu* good at ,m]idian1 ,i />t$ = ,texas1 hav+ _h a position promis$ me4 ,i rea*$ ,mobile1 ,ala41 :ile en r\te1 & he>d t ,miss ,m>y ,cl9ton1 previ\sly m5tion$1 0 9 ,tampa1 ,fla4 ,feel+ t %e /ill _h "s int]e/ 9 me1 ,i aga9 decid$ to g to h] = advice4 ,i rea*$ ! city ( ,tampa ) b a small sum 9 my pocket4 ,! t[n 0 und]go+ a boom1 & ,i 0 c]ta9 t x w\ld n be long be=e ,i w\ld be e>n+ some?+1 b1 to my disappo9tm5t1 ,i f\nd ab\t ?irty m5 look+ = e job 9 sight4 ,aft] mu* we>y+ se>* ,i became ?or\ghly conv9c$ t ,tampa 0 too l>ge a city n to give me some?+ to d besides look+ up into ! air4 ,f9ally1 "o ra9y morn+ ,i secur$ "w at a freight-h\se4 ,x 0 my lot to g fir/ up ! wet1 /eep1 & slipp]y gang-plank4 ,n be+ us$ to su* a task1 ,i fell1 ! truck ) #cej p\nds n>r[ly escap+ me4 ,i got up & made a second attempt to c>ry my load1 & ) success4 ,i _h be5 !re two mon?s :5 ! ag5t want$ "s new %elves built 9 ! /oreh\se4 ,he told "o ( 8 employees to g = a c>p5t]4 ,he repli$1 ,?is man ,calh\n c d any su* "w y want done4 ,! ag5t _h me get my tools & d ! "w4 ,a few days aft]w>d he want$ a fir/-class cook to prep>e & s]ve a special ,*ri/mas d9n]4 ,! same employee told him1 ,calh\n c d x4 ,! motto ( my class 01 ,we ,conqu] by ,labor4 ,on ,april #bi1 #ahig1 bo? ,miss ,cl9ton & myself 7 call$ to a s*ool 9 ,s\? ,c>ol9a1 & 9 a simple way1 ) #ej sav$1 we m>ri$ & bo>d$ ! tra9 = our new field ( labor4 ,aft] giv+ up our "w & rea*+ ,san=d1 #abe miles away1 we receiv$ a lett] ask+ u to def] our com+ until ! foll[+ ,octob]4 ,?is 0 a v1 v sad disappo9tm5t & trial to u4 ,x 0 two weeks be=e ! ,/ate exam9ations w\ld be held4 ,we prep>$ z be/ we c\ld1 & z a result ( ! exam9ation we 7 s5t to ,eatonville1 ,fla41 to take *>ge ( ! public s*ool !re4 ,eatonville is a ,negro t[n ) color$ (fic]s1 a color$ po/ma/]1 & color$ m]*ants4 ,!re is n a s+le :ite p]son liv+ )9 ! incorporat$ city2 x promises to be a unique community4 ,x is situat$ ne> ! c5t] ( ,orange c\nty1 six miles f ,orl&o1 ! c\nty seat1 & is two miles f ! ,seabo>d ,air-,l9e ,railroad1 & "o & "o-half miles f ! ,atlantic ,coa/ ,l9e ,railroad4 ,x 0 said by ! late ,bi%op ,h4 ,b4 ,:ipple1 ( ,wiscons9--^: w9t] home = a numb] ( ye>s 0 a half mile f ?is place--:o _h help$ ! p ( ?is community1 & :o 0 a con/ant help] & advis] to my wife & me 9 our "w until 8 dea?1 t y might travel ! :ole ,/ate ov] & n f9d a m heal?y place4 ,we 7 "h b a few days :5 we decid$ t ?is 0 ! place = u to beg9 putt+ into practise ! lessons taught u at ,tuskegee4 ,we felt t we want$ to d some?+ t[>d help+ our p4 ,we decid$ to ca/ our lot p]man5tly at ,eatonville4 ,our fir/ indu/rial s]vice 0 done ) ! aid ( ! s*ool *ildr53 we clean$ ! /reet ( t9 cans & o!r rubbi%4 ,we f\nd ! lessons 9 economy :i* we _h receiv$ at ,tuskegee v valuable to u at ?is try+ "t4 ,we felt t if we w\ld prop]ly impress ! lessons mo/ ne$$ we %\ld own a home1 a c[1 "s *ick5s1 a horse1 & a g>d52 we felt t !re %\ld be tangible own]%ip on ! "p ( ! p ( "s ( ^! ?+s1 at any rate4 ,^! ?+s we />t$ to get z soon z possible4 ,we want$ to tea* ! p by example4 ,aft] talk+ 9 a g5]al way = "s days ( ! value ( indu/rial education1 c\pl$ ) t ( intellig5t class-room in/ruction1 ,mrs4 ,calh\n succe$$ 9 gett+ f\r girls to come to h] home = sew+ lessons4 ,t 0 ! fir/ /ep4 ,incid5tally1 we he>d ( ! philan?ropic in/9cts ( a g5tleman1 ,mr4 ,e4 ,c4 ,hung]=d1 liv+ at ,*e/]1 ,conn41 :o _h conditionally (f]$ to ano!r s*ool tw5ty acres ( l&1 & ^: (f] 0 n met4 ,i wrote to him ask+ if he w\ld give u ! l&4 ,he repli$ t he w\ld be glad to give u =ty acres if we w\ld use x = s*ool purposes4 ,on ,febru>y #bd1 #ahii1 hav+ ! de$ 9 h&1 a bo>d ( tru/ees 0 select$1 &1 ) ! aid ( n9e m5 :o cle>$ "o & "o-half acres ( l& :ile _! wives furni%$ ! d9n]1 we />t$ :at is n[ ! ,rob]t ,c4 ,hung]=d ,indu/rial ,s*ool4 ,! new s*ool n[ owns #bhj acres ( l& secur$ z foll[s3 ,f ,mr4 & ,mrs4 ,e4 ,c4 ,hung]=d1 #afj acres2 f ,mr4 & ,mrs4 ,t4 ,w4 ,cleavl&1 #dj acres2 f ,mrs4 ,nancy ,b4 ,hung]=d1 #dj acres2 by pur*ase1 an additional #dj acres4 ,! s*ool has two dormitories1 ,book] ,t4 ,wa%+ton ,hall1 ! ,j4 ,w4 ,alfr$ ,cluett ,memorial ,hall1 & six o!r build+s us$ = %ops1 b>n1 & d9+-room4 ,! total value ( ! prop]ty1 cle> ( all indebt$ness1 is #bb1dde4 ,we tea* ! boys blacksmi?+1 :eelwright+1 c>p5try1 agriculture1 /ock-rais+1 p\ltry-rais+1 & truck-g>d5+2 ! girls receive in/ruction 9 dressmak+1 pla9 sew+1 cook+1 laund]+1 mill9]y1 basketry1 & h\sekeep+4 ,we give no indu/ry at ! exp5se ( ! lit]>y "w4 ,! academic dep>tm5t cov]s a useful c\rse ( ! ,engli% bran*es4 ,! moral1 religi\s1 indu/rial1 & f9ancial influ5ce ( ! s*ool ^u ! community1 z well z ^u ! /ud5ts :o h att5d$1 :o come f _m c\nties 9 ! ,/ate1 has gr[n /eadily z ! ye>s h come & gone4 ,! s*ool has at pres5t =ty-five "y p 9 ! bo>d+ dep>tm5t1 includ+ sev5 tea*]s1 ?ree ( :om h come f ,tuskegee2 a l>ge enrolm5t ( /ud5ts f ! imm$iate community & f ! surr\nd+ t]ritory4 ,i h n said v mu* reg>d+ ! difficulties1 ! /ruggles1 to plant ?is "w1 b ,i am glad to say t f ! beg9n+ we h _h ! fri5dlie/ support & advice f all ! :ite p ( ?is section1 (ficials & citiz5s alike4 ,i owe mu* ( my success 9 ! "w "h to ! *e]ful & freely giv5 c\nsel at all times ( ,hon4 ,w4 ,l4 ,palm]1 ,repres5tative 9 ! ,/ate ,legislature1 & to ! memb]s ( ! ,bo>d ( ,public ,in/ruction ( ?is 7,orange7 c\nty4 ,! color$ p h _h little to give 9 ca%1 b h be5 mo/ lib]al 9 _! contributions ( labor4 ,!y h be5 will+ to help !mselves4 ,my con/ant1 my mo/ e>ne/ desire is to prove myself wor?y ( my opportunities1 t ,i may cont9ue to be a wor?y repres5tative ( ,tuskegee4 ,i feel t ,i owe all t ,i am1 all t ,i c hope to be1 to ! tra9+ ( my "m1 to ! con/ant help & c\nsel ( my wife1 & to ,tuskegee1 my ,tuskegee1 f :i* ,i h receiv$ s _m lessons t h be5 ( incalculable help to me4 ,i look back to my lessons 9 c>p5try1 z well z to all ! o!rs1 ) gratitude = ! ?or\ghness insi/$ ^u 9 all directions4 ,i 0 rescu$ f a life ( aimlessness1 & put 9 ! way ( do+ some?+ ( good = my fell[s4 ,,xvii ,,! ,,evolution ,,( ,a ,,%oemak] ,,by ,,*>les ,l4 ,,m>%all ,i 0 born 9 ! t[n ( ,h5d]son1 ,/ate ( ,k5tucky1 ,janu>y #a1 #ahfg4 ,my fa!r & "m 7 bo? slaves4 ,my fa!r r5d]$ s]vice dur+ ! ,civil ,w> z a ,union soldi]4 ,z e>ly z ,i c rememb] !re 0 9 ,h5d]son a public free s*ool = color$ *ildr54 ,9 #ahgb !re came to our t[n a "y man f ,l\isville1 ,ky41 ,john ,k4 ,mason by "n1 to take *>ge ( ! s*ool4 ,h[ he secur$ 8 education ,i nev] le>n$1 b t he devot$ 8 life to ! uplift ( 8 race is ev]y:]e 9 t section cle>ly 9 evid5ce4 ,un=tunately1 ,i 0 n p]mitt$ z a boy to g to s*ool1 b became a factory lad in/ead2 =1 almo/ be=e ,i 0 old en\gh to beg9 my education1 ,i 0 put to "w 9 a tobacco factory1 & !re ,i rema9$4 ,f *ildhood to manhood ,i ?9k ,i sp5t1 all told1 n m ?an ?ree ye>s 9 s*ool4 ,someh[ ,i _h a fa9t idea ( ! value ( education1 & manife/$ a desire = le>n+ by secur+ ! s]vices ( a "y man1 ^: c\ntry-s*ool t]m _h expir$1 to give me lessons at night :5 n o!rwise engag$4 ,he 0 q a society man1 s t my s*ool-nights 7 few 9 numb]4 ,:ile my fa!r did n provide = my education1 he 0 himself an indu/ri\s man & provid$ t ,i %\ld n be idle4 ,ea* ye>1 :5 ! tobacco season 0 ov]1 ,i _h regul> employm5t 9 a coop]-%op ) my fa!r1 & ,i le>n$ to make b>rels & hog%eads4 ,?is trade ,i f\nd to be q valuable1 = be=e ,i 0 tw5ty-"o ye>s ( age ,i 0 able to dem& wages ( two doll>s a day z a coop]4 ,q incid5tally ,i he>d ( ! "w be+ done at ,tuskegee by ,pr9cipal ,book] ,t4 ,wa%+ton & ! opportunity (f]$ !re to get an education4 ,i at once appli$ = admission4 ,i receiv$ a lett] f ! ,pr9cipal admitt+ me to s*ool 9 ! autumn ( #ahhi1 :5 ,i 0 tw5ty-two ye>s ( age4 ,i did n ent] ! s*ool1 h[ev]1 until #ahij4 ,i regi/]$ z a night-s*ool /ud5t & ask$ to be assign$ to ! c>p5t]-%op1 z t seem$ m 9 l9e ) coop]+4 ,?is division 0 s cr[d$ t ,i 0 =c$ to take %oemak+ in/ead4 ,at ?is trade ,i work$ two ye>s & att5d$ night-s*ool4 ,at ! end ( ?is p]iod ,i resolv$ to g to ,nor? ,alabama & "w 9 ! coal-m9es to get money = clo?+1 books1 & to help me along ) my exp5ses :5 ! money e>n$ at ,tuskegee %\ld run out4 ,realiz+ t e doll> 9 my s*ool life w\ld c\nt1 ,i decid$ to live mo/ *eaply1 ev5 cook+ = myself4 ,9 ! end1 foll[+ ?is me?od1 ,i _h m money ) :i* to return to s*ool4 ,i work$ all day & return$ to "w aga9 ! same night1 t ,i might n lose ! prize ( education1 ! pursuit ( :i* ,i kept daily be=e me4 ,some:]e ,i he>d ?is quotation1 ,if anybody else c1 ,i c1 too4 ,) ?is s5tim5t ,i cont9u$ to pu% ahead1 until 9 ,may1 #ahie1 ,i complet$ ! c\rse ( /udy ) ! fir/ honor ( my class4 ,dur+ my /ay at ,tuskegee ,i made su* a record 9 ! %oemak+-%op t my in/ructor 0 anxi\s to h me take an assi/ant's place ) him4 ,?is ,i refus$1 pref]r+ to />t a c>e] 9 ,texas1 ( :i* ,i _h he>d su* gl[+ acc\nts4 ,9 ! mon?s ( ,june1 ,july1 & a "p ( ,augu/1 #ahie1 ,i 0 employ$ ) o!rs mak+ ! %oes :i* con/itut$ a "p ( ,tuskegee's ,indu/rial ,exhibit at ! ,atlanta ,exposition4 ,at ! solicitation ( a numb] ( p]sons liv+ at ,m9eola1 ,tex41 ,i decid$1 ev5 be=e graduation1 to beg9 my life-"w at t place4 ,rea*+ ,m9eola1 ,i f\nd a fight on h& betwe5 ! tea*] ( ! color$ s*ool & ! patrons ( ! s*ool4 ,imm$iately on le>n+ ?is fact ,i )drew f ! conte/1 not)/&+ ! fact t my ca% e>n+s 7 almo/ exhau/$ & ^? :o _h invit$ me !re seem$ unable to gu>antee me ! position4 ,an incid5t occurr$ at ,m9eola :i* ,i %all nev] =get4 ,x 0 ! second meet+ ) ,pr(4 ,h4 ,t4 ,keal+1 !n presid5t ( ,paul ,qu9n ,college1 ,waco1 ,tex41 b n[ editor ( ! ,african ,me?odi/ ,episcopal ,*ur* ,review1 an ambiti\s magaz9e publication ( ! great ,african ,me?odi/ ,episcopal ,*ur*4 ,! occasion 0 a ,qu>t]ly ,conf]5ce ( ! ,african ,me?odi/ ,episcopal ,*ur* at ,m9eola1 & ,pr(essor ,keal+ 0 !re to deliv] a lecture4 ,our fir/ meet+ 0 at ,tuskegee :ile ,i 0 a /ud5t !re dur+ my ,s5ior ye>4 ,9 t f>-away c\ntry ,i 0 v glad to see "s "o ,i knew1 & aft] ! meet+ ,i 0 n long 9 mak+ myself kn[n to ,pr(essor ,keal+4 ,he he>d my /ory1 prais$ ! /& ,i _h tak51 & express$ regrets t he 0 n able to (f] me a place 9 ,paul ,qu9n ,college4 ,he sugge/$ t ,i take a lett] ( introduction to ,dr4 ,i4 ,b4 ,scott1 !n presid5t ( ,wiley ,univ]sity1 ,m>%all1 ,tex41 b n[ a ,bi%op 9 ! ,me?odi/ ,episcopal ,*ur*1 ! fir/ color$ man to be elect$ to ! episcopacy ( t great *ur*4 ,at ,wiley ,i 0 k9dly receiv$ by ,bi%op ,scott1 & ent]$ into a contract ) him to tea* %oemak+ = my bo>d & ! proce$s ( ! %op4 ,i ent]$ into ! _s ( ,wiley ) su* e>ne/ness t at ! close ( my fir/ mon? ,i 0 made a sal>i$ tea*] at #ce a mon?1 & be=e ! session 0 half gone my sal>y _h be5 rais$ to #dj4 ,i complet$ ! ye>'s "w ) p]fect satisfaction to all conc]n$4 ,:at ,i enjoy$ mo/ ( all dur+ my ye> at ,wiley 0 ! e/eem & p]sonal fri5d%ip ( ,bi%op ,scott4 ,8 lett]s address$ to me ^u ! eve ( my resignation1 ! e/eem he plac$ on my "w :ile 9 ! employ ( ! ,univ]sity1 & 8 entreaties t ,i %\ld n t5d] my resignation s emb>rass$ me t = a "t ,i 0 unable to tell :at ,i %\ld d4 ,i felt ,i ow$ x to ,tuskegee to g :]ev] ,pr9cipal ,wa%+ton ?\ght my s]vices 7 mo/ desir$4 ,on two occasions s9ce ,i left !re ,bi%op ,scott has tak5 occasion to voice 8 approval ( my conduct :ile at ,wiley3 once be=e ! ,ea/ ,t5nessee ,conf]5ce ( ! ,me?odi/ ,episcopal ,*ur*1 & 9 ,octob]1 #aijb1 to my /ud5ts1 :5 he came to visit me at ! ,*ri/iansburg ,in/itute4 ,ab\t ! fir/ ( ,may1 #ahif1 ,i receiv$ a telegram f ,pr9cipal ,wa%+ton reque/+ me to all[ him to pres5t my "n to ! ,bo>d ( ,manag]s ( ! ,*ri/iansburg ,indu/rial ,in/itute = ! pr9cipal%ip !n vacant4 ,i agre$1 & 0 elect$ to ! place4 ,be=e ent]+ ^u ! duties ( my new position at ,*ri/iansburg ,i made a visit to ,tuskegee1 = ! purpose ( ga9+ in=mation z to ! scope ( my "w & z to h[ ,i %\ld be/ proce$4 ,aft] sp5d+ ne>ly two mon?s at ,tuskegee1 ,i made my way to my new field ( labor 9 ,virg9ia1 rea*+ ,*ri/iansburg ! #ae? ( ,july1 #ahif4 ,! appe>ance ( ?+s at ,*ri/iansburg did n come up to my expectations1 nor 0 my reception 9 accordance ) :at ,i _h expect$4 ,"u ! conditions :i* !n exi/$1 "o ( m exp]i5ce ?an ,i _h w\ld h expect$ j ab\t su* a reception z ,i receiv$4 ,! p seem$ almo/ craz$ t a ,tuskegee graduate %\ld be plann+ to engraft ! ,tuskegee ,idea 9 t section--& ?is1 too1 9 spite ( ,hampton4 ,9 my ef=t to c>ry out ! plans sanction$ by ,dr4 ,wa%+ton1 ,i soon realiz$ ,i 0 fac+ opposition well-nigh insurm\ntable4 ,?is 0 due to _! misund]/&+ ( ,dr4 ,wa%+ton1 & ( :at ,tuskegee really /&s =4 ,z f> z possible1 ,i ga!r$ ar\nd me m5 & wom5 :o1 l myself1 7 ?or\ghly imbu$ ) ! ,tuskegee ,idea1 & toge!r we pu%$ ahead ) our plans4 ,f ! fir/ ,i 0 giv5 to und]/& t ! desire ( ! ,bo>d 0 t !re %\ld be at ,*ri/iansburg a s*ool simil> to ,hampton & ,tuskegee2 ?\gh small]1 x %\ld be no less p]fect 9 :at x 0 design$ to d4 ,to rea* ?is end ! s*ool _h to und]go ! *ange f a di/9ctly lit]>y s*ool to "o ) bo? lit]>y & indu/rial bran*es2 f a regul>1 ord9>y s*ool to "o ) a bo>d+ dep>tm5t4 ,my plans met ! approval ( all conc]n$1 yet !re 0 little idea on my "p z to ! am\nt ( money & labor necess>y to put !m into op]ation4 ,! c\rse ( /udy 0 re>rang$ to suit ! new conditions1 & five indu/ries 7 in/all$4 ,a circul> sett+ =? ! purposes ( ! s*ool 0 publi%$ & scatt]$ abroad4 ,we !n ?\ght t ?is 0 ne>+ ! end ( ! great task1 :5 9 reality we _h h>dly begun4 ,illu/ration3 ,,girls ,,g>d5+4 ,! ,bo>d ( ,manag]s did n oppose ! bo>d+ dep>tm5t1 yet !y did n sanction x to ! ext5t ( support+ x4 ,i _h confid5ce 9 my plans & 0 will+ to />t alone4 ,?is /ep 0 f> m p]plex+ ?an ,i _h at fir/ imag9$4 ,z ! "t drew ne> = ! op5+ ( s*ool1 ,i 0 aw>e t = ! bo>d+ dep>tm5t ,i _h to f9d a suitable h\se & procure necess>y furniture4 ,9 ! basem5t ( ! s*ool build+ 0 "s lumb] :i* _h be5 us$ = a plat=m4 ,) ! assi/ance ( "o ( ! tea*]s ?is /age-lumb] 0 conv]t$ into five b$/eads & ?ree small tables4 ,i succe$$ 9 gett+ "o ( ! m]*ants to cr$it u = sev]al lamps4 ,) ?is furniture1 sev]al /ools1 an equal numb] ( dry-goods boxes1 & a few kit*5 ut5sils1 ! bo>d+ dep>tm5t ( ! in/itution 0 />t$4 ,not)/&+ ! scanty arrangem5t1 ,i am glad to say t = ! mo/ "p !re 0 b little or no compla9t4 ,suffici5t money 0 appropriat$ by ! ,bo>d ( ,manag]s to provide = ! pur*ase ( necess>y work+ tools = ! add$ indu/rial classes4 ,i kept our fri5ds 9 ! ,nor? rem9d$ ( our ne$ ( additional l&4 ,! indu/rial-s*ool idea ) a dep>tm5t ( agriculture 0 n succe$+ well on a half-acre ( gr\nd4 ,aft] two ye>s ( pati5t toil ?is "q ( l& 0 recogniz$ z a necessity1 & accord+ly two fri5ds und]took to solicit subscriptions to ! am\nt ( #e1jjj ) :i* to pur*ase a f>m ( #ajj acres1 two horses1 a set ( h>ness1 a wagon1 & a pl[4 ,by ?is "t spr+ 0 well on & we 7 plann+ to make a crop4 ,9 a runaway "o ( ! s*ool horses 0 badly injur$4 ,! pur*ase ( ! f>m1 etc41 _h ab\t exhau/$ our ,nor!rn res\rces & ! s*ool 0 9 debt4 ,to my cr$it 9 ! ,bank ( ,*ri/iansburg 0 a small sum ( money1 ) :i* ,i pur*as$ a horse4 ,! crop t ye> 0 fairly successful4 ,be=e tak+ possession ( ! f>m1 x 0 und]/ood t in/ead ( ! proce$s ( ! f>m go+ t[>d ma9ta9+ or pay+ tea*]s' sal>ies1 ! money %\ld g t[>d build+ up ! soil1 :i* 0 well run d[n1 & t we %\ld devote all possible ef=t 9 ! direction ( re/or+ ! soil to its once high /ate ( f]tilization4 ,own+ ?is f>m1 we _h ! ,big ,h\se :]e ! ma/] once liv$1 & sev]al ( ! slave cab9s1 :i* /ill rema91 :]e ! slaves resid$4 ,hundr$s ( slaves1 ,i h be5 told1 till$ ?is soil 9 ! days long ago1 :5 its productive p[] 0 great] ?an t ( any e/ate 9 ?is :ole section4 ,x is a rem>kable & significant fact t :]e ! ma/] once liv$ is a recitation build+ = color$ boys & girls1 & :]e ! slaves once huddl$ ar\nd ! flick]+ light ( a p9e-knot "y ,negro /ud5ts are qu>t]$ daily1 prep>+ = ! duties ( ! morr[4 ,9 build+ up ! s*ool to its pres5t position1 five p]sons1 almo/ f ! v beg9n+1 h figur$ mo/ prom95tly1 viz43 ,e4 ,a4 ,long & 8 wife1 ,miss ,willie ,mae ,griff91 ! writ] & 8 wife--all ,tuskegee graduates4 ,x is ne$less t ,i rem>k "h t ! burd5s borne by ! m5 h be5 9 no s5se heavi] ?an ^? borne by ^! fai?ful wom54 ,! road along :i* we h travel$ has n be51 by any means1 a smoo? "o4 ,we all _h be5 toil]s at ,tuskegee & knew well h[ to face ! duties ( life4 ,?is 0 decid$ly 9 our favor4 ,i 0 ! olde/ ( ! company & p]haps _h se5 m ( h>d%ip ?an ! o!rs2 x !re=e fell to my lot to give c\rage to ! o!rs :5 hope 0 all b gone4 ,"s "t previ\s to our tak+ possession ( ! f>m1 "s ( ! occupants _h s[n ab\t half an acre 9 a k9d ( radi% commonly kn[n h]eab\t z pig radi%4 ,x mu/ be rememb]$ t ea* ye>1 aft] ! eight mon?s' academic "w 0 ov]1 we receiv$ no money f any s\rce :atev]4 ,pay+ ! sal>ies ( tea*]s :o 7 to leave = ! summ] & meet+ o!r dem&s ( ! in/itution always exhau/$ ! s*ool's treasury be=e ! summ] season began4 ,) a cropp+ season ( f\r mon?s ahead1 no money1 no s\rce f :i* any c\ld be expect$1 ! nice t5d] pig radi%1 ye> aft] ye>1 became our food-supply = ! e>ly "p ( ! summ] at lea/4 ,?us1 :ile pu%+ ! op]ations ( ! f>m1 rebuild+ ! soil by means ( turn+ "u gre5 crops1 f]tiliz]s1 etc41 pig-radi% gre5s1 we/]n side meat1 & corn-meal con/itut$ our *ief diet4 ,beef came to u z a luxury twice a week4 ,! "w 0 divid$ s t ,e4 ,a4 ,long1 our treasur]1 0 g>d5]1 ,i 0 f>m]1 our wives & ,miss ,griff9 7 matrons & cooks4 ,! #d? ( ,july1 #aijj1 f\nd ! "w ( ! f>m 9 su* a prosp]\s condition t x 0 decid$ to celebrate ! ev5t ) a cake & "s ice-cream1 = by ?is "t we own$ a c[4 ,"o peculi> ?+ happ5$ ab\t ! "t we pur*as$ ?is f>m4 ,we 7 tea*+ a grad$ s*ool :i* we 7 eag] to turn into a bo>d+ in/itution4 ,! pupils & patrons 7 9 p]fect accord ) ! faculty1 b z soon z ! fact became kn[n t we _h pur*as$ a l>ge tract ( l& & w\ld endeavor to build a bo>d+ & indu/rial s*ool !reon1 ! memb]s ( ! faculty at once became objects ( scorn to almo/ ! entire color$ population4 ,!re 7 at t "t enroll$ 9 ! s*ool #bdj *ildr54 ,)9 less ?an a mon? m ?an #ajj _h dropp$ out4 ,:5 s*ool clos$ 9 ,may !re 7 only #fj *ildr5 att5d+4 ,we w5t ab\t our duties1 h[ev]1 )\t compla9t4 ,:ile we work$1 ,nature also work$ = u4 ,vegetation fl\ri%$ :]ev] se$ 7 s[n2 ! trees bore a h>ve/ ( apples su* z ,i h n se5 s9ce1 & all w5t well4 ,z ,i look back ov] ^? ye>s ( trial1 ( privation1 ( sacrifice1 ,i f9d !y 7 conditions prec$5t to lay+ an endur+ f\ndation4 ,our hope has be5 to e/abli% a s*ool :]e poor b e>ne/ boys & girls c secure an education4 ,x 0 ?r\gh our ef=ts1 fir/ ( all1 t we 7 able to prove to ! support]s ( ! s*ool t su* an in/itution c\ld live & gr[ & d great & la/+ good = ^? x is design$ to help4 ,ye> by ye> ! s*ool has gr[n4 ,ye> by ye> ! p ( ! community realize ! s9c]ity ( my tea*]s & give !m he>ty support4 ,pati5ce1 toil1 tru/ 9 ,god1 & ent]prise are ! elem5ts :i* are fa/ putt+ ?is "w on its feet4 ,e p]son :o visits ! s*ool sees e>ne/ness manife/$ on f>m1 9 %op1 9 class1 ab\t ! gr\nds1 ev]y:]e1 & goes away a s9c]e fri5d4 ,n alone d we h our visitor's fri5d%ip1 b he tells ! simple /ory to o!rs & ! numb] ( fri5ds increases4 ,mr4 ,r4 ,c4 ,b$=d1 ( ,beloit1 ,wis41 aft] visit+ ! s*ool 9 ,janu>y1 #aije1 took occasion to address a g5tleman 9 ! ,nor? :o _h int]e/$ himself 9 rais+ funds = ! s*ool1 9 ! foll[+ language3 ,i h n visit$ ! s*ool = ?ree ye>s4 ,great *anges h tak5 place s9ce !n4 ,! good !re be+ accompli%$ is simply immeasurable4 ,mr4 ,m>%all & ,mr4 ,long "w toge!r 9 su* p]fect h>mony z to con/itute a =ce ( s+ul> directness & p[]4 ,i ?9k ! "w is c>ri$ on mo/ economically1 & su* a cle> & full acc\nt ( all exp5ditures is giv5 to ! public t y mu/ h ! utmo/ confid5ce ( all y\r fri5ds4 ,a few ye>s ago x 0 difficult = our ,treasur] to raise #a1hge4 ,! rais+ ( funds = in/itutions is always difficult1 b x is n z h>d n[ to raise #f1jjj to #h1jjj z x 0 to raise #a1hge a few ye>s ago4 ,mr4 ,e4 ,a4 ,long1 our treasur]1 ^: fai?ful assi/ance ,i h _h 9 e ef=t to develop ! s*ool1 0 ) me1 emb>rass$ by a debt ( ! bo>d+ dep>tm5t ( m ?an #fjj4 ,?is condition grew1 9 a l>ge measure1 out ( ! fact t we attempt$ to supply /ud5ts' "w on ! f>m to pay _! exp5ses1 & ! proce$s ( ! f>m 7 exp5d$ z f> z possible 9 ! direction ( build+ up ! soil4 ,9 ! fall ( #aijb ! bo>d ( manag]s assum$ ! responsibility ( ! bo>d+ dep>tm5t1 paid all indebt$ness1 & to-day ! s*ool is op]at$ on a ca% basis4 ,dur+ f\r ye>s !re h be5 contribut$ t[>d ?is "w #dc1ebh4gg4 ,we h add$ to ! orig9al plant "o #aj1jjj dormitory1 a cottage co/+ #gej1 a b>n at a co/ ( #b1jjj1 & a %op build+ valu$ at #a1jjj4 ,mu* has be5 sp5t 9 ! way ( repairs4 ,we h #a1jjj inve/$ 9 live /ock1 & m ?an #cjj wor? ( f>m+ implem5ts4 ,9 ea* ( ! indu/rial dep>tm5ts fairly good equipm5t c be f\nd4 ,we h gr[n f a half acre ( gr\nd to m ?an #ajj acres2 f #b horses to #dc head ( live /ock2 f a pr9t+-press weigh+ #ge p\nds to "o weigh+ #b1ejj p\nds4 ,agriculture1 c>p5try1 pr9t+1 %oemak+1 laund]+1 cook+1 sew+1 & basketry are c>ri$ on successfully4 ,! f>m produces l>ge crops ( c]eals1 vegetables1 fruits1 & raises a l>ge %>e ( ! meat us$ by ! s*ool4 ,all ! fl\r = ! pa/ ?ree ye>s came f ! :eat produc$ on ! f>m4 ,! gr[? ( ! s*ool has comm5d$ itself favorably to ^? :o h _h occasion to inve/igate its claims4 ,a committee appo9t$ to look into ! condition ( ! s*ool "s "t ago made ! foll[+ /atem5t3 ,9 conclusion1 y\r committee w\ld say t x feels t ,messrs4 ,m>%all & ,long & _! wives h made _m sacrifices = ! good ( ! s*ool & h %[n a true mission>y _s 9 c>ry+ on ! "w1 & _! ideals & purposes are 9 accord ) ! v be/4 ,!y h borne an awkw>d & heavy burd5 9 f9anc+ ! s*ool1 & y\r committee feels t if releas$ f ?is c>e _! tea*+-"w w be mu* improv$ & become v valuable 9 build+ up ! s*ool4 ,9 addition to ! cultivation ( ! home-f>m ( #ajj acres1 ! increas$ am\nt ( /ock makes x necess>y to r5t an adjac5t pa/ure ( #hj acres1 ! prop]ty ( two ( our tea*]s4 ,i h made an ef=t to supplem5t ! k acquir$ at ,tuskegee ?r\gh a s*ool ( correspond5ce & ?r\gh ! ,*autauqua ,read+ ,circle ) "s degree ( success4 ,! success ( ?is s*ool1 9 a v l>ge measure1 is due to ! consecrat$ ef=t ( ! memb]s ( ! ,fri5ds' ,fre$m5's ,association ( ,philadelphia & ! bo>d ( manag]s ( ! in/itution4 ,f ! "t ,i ent]$ ^u ! "w to ! pres5t1 ,pr9cipal ,wa%+ton has also be5 a con/ant s\rce ( help & enc\ragem5t4 ,five hundr$ doll>s giv5 by him 9 ! spr+ ( #aijc 0 ! fir/ money t[>d ! erection ( our new dormitory4 ,a comb9ation woodwork+-ma*9e is also a result ( 8 int]e/4 ,we h on h& an end[m5t fund ( sev]al ?\s& doll>s :i* we are anxi\s to increase4 ,def9ite plans h be5 made = ! erection ( two new build+s4 ,:5 ! plans ?us f> mapp$ out are complet$1 ! plant1 n[ wor? #cj1jjj1 w easily h a valuation ( #ge1jjj4 ,,! ,,end