,collections47 ,illu/ration3 ,,pecan ,,nuts--uni=m 9 size1 color & %ape4 ,v>iety1 ,curtis4 ,,! ,,pecan ,,& ,,its ,,culture ,,by ,h4 ,,h>old ,,hume ,,pet]sburg1 ,,virg9ia ,,! ,,am]ican ,,fruit ,,& ,,nut ,,j\rnal #aijf ,copyright1 #aijf4 ,by ,h4 ,,h>old ,,hume4 ,,cont5ts4 ,,"p ,i4 ,introduction4 ,botany4 ,,*apt] ,i4 ,comm]cial & ,ornam5tal ,importance ( ! ,pecan4 ,,*apt] ,,ii4 ,native & ,cultivat$ ,range4 ,,*apt] ,,iii4 ,pecan ,botany4 ,,"p ,,ii4 ,v>ieties4 ,,*apt] ,,iv4 ,v>ieties4 ,,*apt] ,v4 ,pecan ,judg+4 ,,"p ,,iii4 ,cultural4 ,,*apt] ,,vi4 ,propagation ( ! ,pecan4 ,,*apt] ,,vii4 ,top-work+ ,pecans4 ,,*apt] ,,viii4 ,soils & _! ,prep>ation4 ,,*apt] ,,ix4 ,:at ,v>ieties to ,plant4 ,,*apt] ,x4 ,pur*as+ & ,plant+ ,pecans4 ,,*apt] ,,xi4 ,cultivation & ,f]tilization4 ,,*apt] ,,xii4 ,prun+4 ,,"p ,,iv4 ,h>ve/+4 ,m>ket+4 ,,*apt] ,,xiii4 ,ga!r+1 ,/or+ & ,m>ket+ ,pecans4 ,,"p ,v4 ,diseases4 ,insects4 ,,*apt] ,,xiv4 ,fung\s & o!r ,diseases ( ! ,pecan4 ,,*apt] ,,xv4 ,insects ,attack+ ! ,pecan4 ,,"p ,,vi4 ,uses4 ,lit]ature4 ,,*apt] ,,xvi4 ,pecan ,k]nels4 ,,*apt] ,,xvii4 ,lit]ature4 ,,illu/rations4 ,,plates4 ,page ,frontispiece1 #b ,an av5ue %ad$ by pecan trees1 #ac ,pecan fl[]s1 #ba ,a pecan nurs]y1 #ga ,budd+ tools1 #gc ,a two-ye> top-work$ pecan tree1 #he ,an old pecan tree top-work$1 #hh ,! pecan bud mo?1 #acf ,! case-worm1 #aci ,a pecan catocala1 #ada ,,figures4 ,approximate pecan areas1 #ag ,money-mak]1 ,po/1 ,san ,saba1 ,bacon1 #bi ,curtis pecan1 #cb ,mammo?1 ,dalzell1 ,k5n$y1 #cc ,frots*] pecan1 #ce ,georgia pecan1 #cf ,s*aif]1 ,ideal1 ,ladyf+]1 ,atlanta1 #da ,mantura pecan1 #dc ,pab/ pecan1 #df ,russell1 ,frankl91 ,k9caid1 #di ,s*ley pecan1 #ea ,/u>t pecan1 #eb ,success pecan1 #ec ,van ,deman pecan1 #ee ,nussbaum]1 #eh ,h4 m9ima & two hybrids1 #ei ,s*neck hybrid1 #fj ,graft+ iron1 ,budd+ knife1 #gb ,scions1 #gf ,annul> budd+1 #gh ,v5e] %ield-budd+1 #gi ,*ip-budd+1 #hj ,cleft graft+1 ,:ip graft+1 #ha ,"o-ye> pecan 9 fruit1 #hb ,pecan tree gr[n on quicks&1 #ij ,view ( bud union1 #ii ,view ( :ip graft1 #ajj ,annul> bud1 #aja ,rectangul> plant+ sy/em1 #ajd ,hexagonal plant+ sy/em1 #aje ,plant+-bo>d1 #ajg ,a nurs]y tree ) good root sy/em1 #aai ,taproot cut & uncut1 #abj ,spray+ pecan trees1 #aca ,nut crack]s ( diff]5t types1 #adi ,woodson's p[] k]nel extractor1 #aea ,,preface4 ,9 ! horticultural developm5t ( ! c\ntry1 new fruits1 new gr\ps ( fruits1 new fruit indu/ries are com+ into prom95ce4 ,our native fruits 9 p>ticul> are n[ receiv+1 9 _m p>ts ( ! c\ntry1 a l>g] %>e ( ! att5tion :i* !y h always m]it$1 & none has prov5 itself m wor?y ( c>eful /udy & pa9/ak+ c>e ?an ! pecan4 ,)9 ! la/ t5 or fifte5 ye>s x has rapidly em]g$ f a wild or semi-wild condition to ! /atus ( an or*>d nut4 ,! f\ndations ( its culture 7 laid a consid]able "t ago1 b only n[ is x com+ to its own1 its well m]it$ /&+ among ! fruits ( ! c\ntry4 ,9 any horticultural indu/ry _m que/ions mu/ be ask$ ( ! plant1 ! soil1 ! climate1 9 %ort1 ( ! plant 9 its environm5t4 ,!y mu/ be answ]$ aright1 if ! indu/ry is to succe$4 ,! new] ! plant 9 cultivation1 ! m num]\s ! que/ions are1 ! m difficult to answ]4 ,9 an endeavor to aid 9 solv+ "s ( ! problems connect$ ) ! culture ( ! pecan ?is small volume has be5 prep>$4 ,pecan culture has be5 ! subject ( c>eful /udy1 obs]vation & exp]im5tation on ! "p ( ! au?or = a numb] ( ye>s & ! results ( ^! /udies are pres5t$ 9 ! foll[+ pages4 ,to ! _m :o h s k9dly & will+ly assi/$ 9 its prep>ation1 my ?anks are h]e9 express$4 ,h4 ,,h>old ,,hume4 ,raleigh1 ,n4 ,c41 ,aug4 #a1 #aijf4 ,,"p ,i4 ,introduction4 ,botany4 ,,! ,,pecan ,,& ,,its ,,culture4 ,,*apt] ,i4 ,,comm]cial ,,& ,,ornam5tal ,,importance ,,( ,,! ,,pecan4 ,9 all-ar\nd excell5ce1 ! pecan is equall$ by none ( ! native ,am]ican nut-be>+ trees & c]ta9ly x is surpass$ by no exotic species4 ,x /&s 9 ! li/ ( nut trees ) b few equals & no sup]iors4 ,) ?is fact kn[n & admitt$ by all1 x seems reasonable to suppose t ! pecan w be gr[n & cultivat$ mu* m ext5sively ?an x n[ is4 ,its intr9sic wor? des]ves a l>ge %>e ( att5tion1 m ?an x has receiv$4 ,at pres5t x is ga9+ a position ( s mu* importance z an or*>d tree1 t1 ere long1 x w become an extremely important item 9 ! horticultural weal? ( ! ,s\!rn & ,s\?we/]n ,/ates4 ,l>ge quantities ( pecans are sold 9 ! ,am]ican m>kets4 ,^! are ! product ( uncultivat$ or =e/ trees4 ,_m or*>ds ( consid]able size1 plant$ ) m]itori\s budd$ & graft$ v>ieties1 are n[ 9 be>+1 b ! product ( ^! plant+s is entirely us$ by :at may be t]m$ a private trade1 ei!r by se$sm51 or by private individuals = dess]t purposes4 ,"s day1 v>ieties ( pecans w become kn[n 9 ! m>kets j z v>ieties ( grapes1 apples or pe>s are kn[n4 ,p ask = ,niag>a or ,concord grapes1 ,nor!rn ,spy or ,gre5+ apples1 ,b>tlet or ,seckel pe>s--ask = :at !y want1 & "k :at !y are gett+4 ,! day is f> di/ant :5 ,frots*]1 ,s*ley1 ,san ,saba1 ,curtis1 ,georgia or o!r v>ieties ( pecans w be kn[n by "n by ! pur*as+ public1 ask$ = 9 ! m>kets & recogniz$ :5 procur$4 ,b t "t mu/ & w come1 & until !n !re is no dang] ( ! indu/ry be+ ov]done1 & n ev5 !n1 because our population is con/antly gr[+2 because ! pecan nut is be+ put to a v>iety ( new uses1 & z yet ! export trade is comp>atively undevelop$4 7,see table1 page #ae47 ,x w\ld seem !n t ! pecan might reasonably be expect$ to replace to a c]ta9 ext5t ! =eign nuts 9 our own m>kets4 ,accord+ to ! inve/igations ( ,woods & ,m]rill1,a ! pecan has a high] food value ?an ei!r ! walnut1 filb]t1 cocoanut1 almond or peanut4 ,! results ( _! analyses are z foll[s3 ---------------------------------------- ----------------------------------- ,,edible ,,portion4 ---------------------------------------- --- ,edible ,c>bo- ,fuel ,portion4,wat]4,prote94,fat4 hydrates4 ,a%4 ,value p] ,p\nd4,a ---------------------------------------- ------------------------------- p] c5t4pr ct4 pr ct4 pr ct4 pr ct4 pr ct4,calories ,pecans1 k]nels #ajj4j #b4i #aj4c #gj4h #ad4c #a4g #cdde ,walnuts1 k]nels #ajj4j #b4h #af4g #fa4d #ad4h #a4c #ccje ,filb]ts1 k]nels #ajj4j #c4g #ae4f #fe4c #ac4j #b4d #cbij ,cocoanuts1 %r$'d #c4e #f4c #eg4c #ca4f #a4c #cabe ,almonds1 k]nels #ajj4j #d4h #ba4j #ed4i #ag4c #b4j #cjcj ,%ell$ ,peanuts #ajj4j #a4f #cj4e #di4b #af4b #b4e #biee ---------------------------------------- ------------------------------- ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,ii4 ,an ,av5ue ,%ad$ by ,pecan ,trees4 ,x is a fact wor?y ( note t ! av]age man requires #c1ejj calories ( en]gy ea* day1 an am\nt :i* mu/ be secur$ f food consum$4 ,"o p\nd ( pecan k]nels1 accord+ to ! above analysis1 w\ld supply #c1dde calories1 or only #ee calories less ?an ! am\nt requir$ p] day4 ,we are n1 be x und]/ood1 po9t+ out ?is fact because we believe t ! pecan alone w\ld be a satisfactory food1 ?\gh x is :olesome1 n\ri%+ & palatable & %\ld be us$ 9 l>g] quantities ?an is usually ! case1 b simply to emphasize its high food value4 ,accord+ to ! =ego+ analysis1 ! pecan is ri*] 9 fat ?an any ( ! o!r nuts4 ,sev5ty p] c5t4 ( ! k]nels is fat4 ,! pecan may at "s "t be 9 requisition z a s\rce ( oil--an oil :i* w\ld d\btless be useful = salad purposes--b x is nev] likely to be conv]t$ into oil until ! pres5t prices ( ! nuts are greatly r$uc$4 ,if we turn f ! diet>y value ( ! nut to ! ornam5tal value ( ! tree1 we _c b be =cibly impress$ ) its value z a %ade & ornam5tal tree4 ,= ^! purposes x may be plant$ f> outside ! area 9 :i* fruit may be reasonably expect$4 ,if giv5 good soil & suffici5t food supply1 x gr[s q rapidly1 mak+ a /ately1 vigor\s1 long-liv$ tree4 ,9 its native =e/s x is a giant tree1 sometimes rea*+ a height ( upw>ds ( two hundr$ feet ) a trunk ( six feet4 ,isolat$ specim5s1 gr[n 9 ! op51 come to maturity ) wide-spread+ bran*es & ! :ole tree has an exce$+ly graceful appe>ance4 ,:]ev] x w succe$1 no o!r %ade tree is s wor?y ( att5tion z ! pecan1 & 9 ! fruit+ area1 beauty & heal?ful %ade may be comb9$ ) utility4 ,z an or*>d tree x is well wor? plant+4 ,! gr\nd 9 :i* ! trees are plant$ may be cultivat$ 9 o!r crops = a numb] ( ye>s1 ?us r$uc+ to a m9imum ! co/ ( ma9ta9+ ! plant+1 & :5 ! trees h come into be>+1 ! same area 9 trees w yield m 9 net returns ?an ! same area 9 cotton or corn at ! usual m>ket prices4 ,on ! :ole1 consid]$ f :atev] /&po9t we may *oose1 ! pecan is a valuable tree1 :e!r cultivat$ = its nuts or plant$ = %ade or ornam5tal effect4 ,exports ( ,nuts f ,unit$ ,/ates = ,ye>s #aijj-aijd inclusive4 ---------------------------------------- ---------- #aijj #aija #aijb #aijc #aijd ---------------------------------------- ---------- ,,value4 ,,value4 ,,value4 ,,value4 ,,value4 ---------------------------------------- ---------- #aef1dij #bah1gdc #cjd1bda #bii1eeh #ccj1cff ---------------------------------------- ---------- ,importations ( ,nuts into ! ,unit$ ,/ates = ! ,ye>s #ahii to #aijd inclusive1 accord+ to ! mo/ au?oritative /ati/ics4,b ---------------------------------------- ----------------------------------- #ahii #aijj #aija ---------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ,,v>iety ,quant'y ,value4 ,quant'y ,value4 ,quant'y ,value4 ,,( ,,nuts4 lbs4 lbs4 lbs4 ---------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ,almonds #i1ieg1dbga1bbb1ehg #f1cag1fcc #idi1jhc #e1adj1bcb #idf1ach ,cocoanuts4 #fbe1ghi #gjb1idg #hjd1bcc ,walnuts 7a7 7a7 7a7 7a7 7a7 7a7 ,o!r #hgi1aff #a1cbf1hjd #a1eah1ahd ---------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ,total ,nuts #b1gbg1edb #b1igh1hcd #c1bfh1bee ---------------------------------------- ----------------------------- #aijb #aijc #aijd ---------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ,,v>iety ,quant'y ,value4 ,quant'y ,value4 ,quant'y ,value4 ,,( ,,nuts4 lbs4 lbs4 lbs4 ---------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ,almonds #i1hfh1ihba1bdj1hhf #h1adb1afda1ccg1gag #i1hch1heba1bdf1dgd ,cocoanuts4 #hcb1chc #ijh1bdb #iga1heb ,walnuts 7a7 7a7 #ab1cfb1efg #a1ajf1jccbc1fgj1gfa #a1gbi1cgh ,o!r #a1iga1jgb #a1ead1djf #a1ebc1dfb ---------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ,total ,nuts #d1jdd1cda #d1hff1cih #e1dga1aff ---------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ,,footnotes3 ,a ,calculat$ f analysis4 ,b ,ye>book ,u4,s4 ,dept4 ( ,agr41 #aijc1 page #fhf1 & #aijd1 page #gbh4 ,,*apt] ,,ii4 ,,native ,,& ,,cultivat$ ,,range4 ,! pecan is f\nd z a =e/ tree 9 ! moi/ bottom l&s along ! ,mississippi riv] & its tribut>ies1 f ,indiana s\?w>d to ,mississippi1 & f ,i[a to ,texas & ,mexico4 ,?is region 7see ,fig4 #a7 9 :i* ! pecan is1 or has be5 f\nd1 native1 rea*es its nor!rn limit at ,dav5port1 ,i[a4 ,x skirts ! ,waba% z f> nor? z ,t]re ,haute1 ,indiana1 & along ! ,ohio riv] ne>ly to ,c9c9nati1 ,ohio4 ,f !nce its range ext5ds s\? to ,*attanooga1 ,t5n41 & on to ,vicksburg1 ,miss4 ,f ,vicksburg x skirts ! ,gulf ( ,mexico at a di/ance ( sev5ty-five to "o hundr$ miles to ,l>$o1 ,texas2 !nce along ! ,salado riv] into ,mexico4 ,! we/]n b\nd>y embraces ! headwat]s ( ! ,colorado riv] & returns m or less directly to ,dav5port1 ,i[a4 ,on ! outskirts ( ?is area1 x ext5ds f>!/ 9 all directions along ! /reams & riv]s1 :ile on ! dri] int]v5+ gr\nd ! l9e does n ext5d s f> f ! c5t] ( ! region4 ,p>ticul>ly is ?is true 9 ,s\?we/]n ,texas1 :]e ! pecan is conf9$ almo/ solely to riv] bottoms4 ,,cultural ,,area4 ,! area 9 :i* ! pecan is cultivat$ z an or*>d tree is n conf9$ to ! limits ( its native range4 ,plant+s h be5 made outside its native home 9 ,new ,mexico1 ,cali=nia & ,oregon 9 ! ,we/1 & 9 ,virg9ia1 ,nor? ,c>ol9a1 ,s\? ,c>ol9a1 ,georgia1 ,florida1 ,s\!rn ,alabama & ! ,gulf regions ( ,l\isiana1 ,mississippi & ,texas4 ,9 _m o!r ,/ates exp]im5tal plant+s h be5 made4 ,leav+ ^! out ( consid]ation1 h[ev]1 x w be se5 t 9 ab\t tw5ty ,/ates ! pecan is ei!r f\nd z a native tree 9 ! =e/s or is cultivat$ 9 or*>d =m4 ,! area corresponds 9 "s measure ) t 9 :i* cotton is gr[n1 ?\gh x ext5ds f>!r nor? & we/ ?an ! cotton region4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #a4 ,approximate ,pecan areas4 ,native areas )9 solid l9e4 ,cultural area )9 dott$ l9e4 ,! attempts :i* h be5 made f "t to "t to cultivate ! pecan 9 ! m nor!rly ,/ates h n prov$ successful4 ,! tree has1 9 _m cases1 gr[n well1 b fruit has n be5 produc$4 ,! pi/ils & /am5s ( ! pecan are n f\nd 9 ! same fl[] b 9 diff]5t fl[]s borne "s di/ance ap>t on new & "o-ye>-old wood1 respectively4 ,consequ5tly1 x frequ5tly happ5s t ! fl[]s are n matur$ at ! same "t1 z a result ( :i* poll9ation _c take place4 ,moreov]1 late spr+ fro/s (t5 de/roy "o or bo? sets ( fl[]s1 & ! result1 z f> z fruit is conc]n$1 is ! same 9 ei!r case4 ,z a result ( ^! exp]i5ces1 ! pecan _c be recomm5d$ z a nut-be>+ tree nor? ( its natural range 9 ! ,mississippi ,valley1 nei!r w x succe$ at ! high elevations 9 ! ,alleghany m\nta9s4 ,x rea*es its mo/ nor!rly cultural ext5sion 9 ! ,mississippi valley & 9 ! coa/al pla9 ( ! ,atlantic seabo>d4 ,b x gr[s well & makes a good %ade tree f>!r nor?1 & at elevations f> above its native range4 ,ev5 !n1 h[ev]1 ! nuts f :i* ^! se$l+ %ade trees are gr[n %\ld be br\ght f ! nor!rn sections ( its natural di/ribution4 ,!y are mu* m likely to )/& ! rigor\s cold ( w9t]4 ,frequ5tly ! "q is ask$ z to :e!r ! pecan c be gr[n 9 a c]ta9 giv5 locality4 ,su* a "q c be answ]$ only 9 ! mo/ g5]al way4 ,! pres5ce ( ! l>g] species ( hickories 9 ! vic9ity may be us$ 9 "s p>ts ( ! c\ntry z an indication ( ! success :i* might att5d ! plant+ ( pecan trees1 b su* a guide %\ld n be foll[$ too implicitly1 & ev5 if ! pecan tree %\ld gr[ well1 fruit might n be secur$4 ,! pres5ce ( pecan trees1 s+le specim5s p]haps1 or two or ?ree1 9 y>ds or ab\t build+s "h & !re ?r\gh\t a region1 may be tak5 z a guide 9 ! matt] ( plant+1 & no bett] c be _h4 ,no?+ w take ! place ( a practical demon/ration 9 ! way ( a vigor\s fruit+ tree4 ,,*apt] ,,iii4 ,,pecan ,,botany4 ,! aborig9es ( ! c\ntry us$ hickory nuts ( diff]5t k9ds z food1 & 9 ! region 9 :i* ! pecan gr[s z a native tree1 x 0 valu$ by !m above all its relatives4 ,p5icaut f\nd 9 8 travels t ! ,indians /or$ l>ge am\nts ( pecans = w9t] use4 ,! sci5tific "n ( ! pecan is appropriately d]iv$ f two ,indian words1 p[cohiccora & pacan4 ,9 #aghe1 ! pecan 0 describ$ "u ! "n ,juglans ,pecan1 by ,m>%all 9 8 ,arboretum ,am]icanum4 ,9 #ahah1 ,?omas ,nuttall1 an ,engli% botani/1 sep>at$ ! hickories f ! walnuts & butt]nuts1 putt+ !m "u a new g5us :i* he call$ ,c>ya1 nam+ ! pecan ,c>ya olivae=mis4 ,nuttall's classification 0 foll[$ = _m ye>s until x 0 f\nd t 9 ! ye> previ\s to ! publication ( 8 "w1 #ahag1 ,c4 ,s4 ,raf9esque1 a ,fr5* naturali/1 _h sep>at$ ! hickories along ! same l9es z ,nuttall & publi%$ !m "u ! "n ,hicoria4 ,9 accordance ) ! laws ( priority1 ,raf9esque's "n1 ,hicoria1 takes prec$5ce ov] ,c>ya4 ,! family ,jugl&ace1 embraces b two g5]a1 ,juglans & ,hicoria1 ! =m] includ+ ! walnuts & butt]nuts1 & ! latt] ! pecan & o!r hickories4 ,) ! exception ( ! ,%ellb>k hickory1 ,hicoria ovata ,britton1 & ! ,big %ellb>k1 ,hicoria lac9iosa ,s>g5t1 ! pecan is ! only "o ( ! g5us wor?y ( cultivation4 ,family4 ,jugl&ace ,l9dl4 ,nat4 ,sy/4 ,ed4 #b1 #ahj4 #ahcf4 ,trees ) alt]nate p9nate leaves & monoeci\s bract$ fl[]s4 ,/am9ate fl[]s 9 long1 droop+ catk9s1 provid$ ) ?ree or m /am5s & occasionally ) an irregul>-lob$ p]ian? adnate to ! bractlet & a rudim5t>y ov>y4 ,an!rs erect1 ) %ort filam5ts1 two-cell$2 dehisc5t longitud9ally4 ,pi/illate fl[]s bract$ ) a ?ree to five1 normally f\r-lob$ calyx & sometimes ) petals4 ,ovule solit>y1 erect1 /yles two1 /igmatic along ! inn] surface4 ,fruit a bony nut1 incompletely two to f\r-cell$4 ,se$ l>ge1 two to f\r-lob$1 cotyl$ons corrugat$1 oily1 )\t endosp]m4 ,g5us4 ,hicoria ,raf4 ,m$4 ,rep4 7,,ii7 #e3ceb4 #ahjh4 ,trees1 ) close or scaly b>k1 odd-p9nate leaves & s]rate leaflets4 ,/am9ate fl[]s 9 sl5d] droop+ catk9s1 borne 9 gr\ps ( ?ree1 occasionally on ! new %oots1 b usually f buds j back ( ! t]m9al buds on la/ ye>'s %oots1 calyx nak$1 adh]5t to ! bract1 unequally two-?ird lob$ or cleft2 /am5s ) %ort filam5ts1 ?ree to t5 9 numb]4 ,pi/illate fl[]s1 two to eight1 produc$ on a t]m9al p$uncle1 calyx f\r-p>t$1 petals none1 /yles two to f\r1 %ort1 papillose4 ,fruit oblong1 or obovoid1 ! husk sep>at+ into f\r p>ts2 nut smoo? or angl$1 bony1 incompletely two to f\r-cell$4 ,se$ oily1 sweet1 edible or bitt] & a/r+5t4 ,natives ( ea/]n ,nor? ,am]ica & ,mexico4 ,species4 ,h4 ,pecan 7,m>%47 ,britton4 ,bull4 ,torr4 ,club1 #ae3bhb4 #ahhh4 ,pecan1 ,ill9ois nut1 a l>ge tree1 #ge to #agj feet 9 height & a diamet] rea*+ #f feet1 ) r\gh-brok5 b>k4 ,"y twigs & leaves pubesc5t1 lat] ne>ly or q glabr\s2 leaflets sev5 to fifte51 falcate1 oblong--lanceolate1 %>p-po9t$1 s]rate1 gre5 & bright above1 light] bel[2 /am9ate catk9s five to six in*es long1 sessile or ne>ly s1 sometimes borne ne> ! base on ! "y %oots b usually f ! upp]mo/ lat]al buds on la/ ye>'s %oots2 pi/illate fl[]s t]m9al on %oots ( ! curr5t season's gr[?1 produc$ s+ly or 9 clu/]s ( two to n9e2 fruit oblong cyl9drical2 husk f\r-valv$2 nut #c_/d to #b-a_/b in*es 9 greate/ diamet]1 r\ndi%1 or cyl9drical & po9t$1 two-cell$ at ! base1 p>tition ?91 bitt]1 se$ delici\sly sweet4 ,f\nd native on ! moi/ bottom l&s along /reams f ,indiana s\? to ,k5tucky & f ,i[a s\? to ,texas1 pr9cipally along ! ,mississippi & its tribut>ies1 ! ,colorado riv] 9 ,texas1 & along "s ( its tribut>ies into ,mexico4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,iii4 ,pecan ,fl[]s4 ,pi/illate enl>g$ bel[4 ,,poll9ation4 ,s9ce two k9ds ( fl[]s are produc$ on ! pecan1 "o be>+ ! pi/ils1 ! o!r /am5s1 ! poll5 mu/ be transf]r$ f ! latt] to ! =m] 9 ord] t poll9ation may take place4 ,9 _m plants ! poll5 is transf]r$ f "o plant or fl[] to ano!r by means ( insects2 b 9 ! pecan !re are no bright colors1 no nect>1 no sc5t to attract insects to c>ry poll51 b1 in/ead1 ! w9d is ! c>ry+ ag5t & x ne$s no attractions4 ,poll5 is produc$ 9 l>ge quantities1 necess>ily s1 s9ce mu* ( x is wa/$4 ,unfavorable wea!r conditions at "t ( bloom+ may1 h[ev]1 int]f]e s]i\sly ) poll9ation4 ,heavy w9ds or w9d-/orms1 & ra9s ( sev]al days duration1 may prev5t ! necess>y & desir$ di/ribution ( ! poll51 z a result ( :i* no fruit is =m$4 ,sometimes ! /am9ate blooms are de/roy$ by fro/ :ile ! pi/illate ones escape4 ,x makes little diff]5ce :i* is de/roy$1 h[ev]1 z 9 ei!r case ! result is ! same--no fruit sets4 ,! /am9ate fl[]s pu% out f ! lat]al buds at ! same "t ! new %oot develops f ! t]m9al "o4 ,! pi/illate blossom does n appe> until ! t]m9al %oot has gr[n six or eight in*es1 & 9 ! meantime x is protect$ by ! unfold$ leaves4 ,! /am9ate bloom1 on ! contr>y1 is expos$ f ! fir/1 hav+ no leaves to protect x4 ,9 consequ5ce x is mu* m likely to be cut (f by fro/4 ,dr4 ,trelease ref]s to sev]al obs]vations on prot]&ry 7matur+ ( ! poll5 be=e ! /igmas ( ! pi/ils7 9 ! pecan4 ,?is1 toge!r ) ! unprotect$ condition ( ! /am9ate blooms1 we believe1 acc\nts 9 a l>ge measure = ! non-sett+ ( fruit on ! nor!rn b\nd>ies ( ! pecan area4 ,! artificial or h& poll9ation ( ! pecan is an easy matt] & (f]s an invit+ field = ^? int]e/$ 9 plant bre$+4 ,emasculation1 or ! removal ( ! /am5s f ! fl[]s necess>y 9 bre$+ s _m plants1 is n necess>y 9 ! pecan4 ,all t is ne$$ is to cov] ! pi/illate blossoms ) a sack until !y are matur$4 ,at ?is "t ! inn] or /igmatic surfaces ( ! pi/ils w be expos$ & ready = ! poll54 ,! poll51 collect$ f adjo9+ trees 9 bloom or br\ght f a di/ance1 c !n be plac$ ^u ! /igmas & ! sack replac$4 ,:5 ! fruit is set1 ! pap] sack %\ld be replac$ by "o ( mosquito nett+4 ,"s c>eful "w has already be5 done along ?is l9e1 & x is hop$ t _m m w take up ! "w4 ,mu* yet rema9s to be desir$1 & v>ieties may be bett] adapt$ to diff]5t sections4 ,! ideal1 l>ge1 full-meat$1 ?9-%ell$1 prolific & precoci\s v>iety ( pecan has n yet be5 br\ght =w>d4 ,x may be accid5tally discov]$2 x may be produc$ & c be produc$ by sy/ematic1 pa9/ak+ "w 9 bre$+4 ,x is hop$ t ! numb] ( work]s 9 ?is invit+ field may be increas$4 ,"s may be det]r$ by ! fact t x w take ! se$l+s s long to come into be>+4 ,b scions may be tak5 f ! se$l+s rais$ f cross-br$ nuts1 top-work$ on l>ge trees1 & fruit c\ld be obta9$ 9 _m cases 9 a p]iod n exce$+ five or six ye>s f ! se$4 ,^? :i* w\ld n produce fruit 9 six ye>s 9 ?is way might p]haps z well be disc>d$4 ,,"p ,,ii4 ,v>ieties4 ,,*apt] ,,iv4 ,,v>ieties ,,( ,,pecans4 ,:ile ! li/ ( v>ieties ( pecans is comp>atively small1 yet a surpris+ly l>ge numb] ( names has be5 us$4 ,! attempt has be5 made to collect all ! names :i* h appe>$ 9 diff]5t publications4 ,^! h presumably all be5 appli$ to "s pecan at "s "t or o!r1 b _m ( !m h nev] be5 propagat$ by budd+ or graft+ & a v l>ge proportion ( !m h be5 lo/ track ( entirely4 ,9 %ort1 !y are n[ repres5t$ by names only4 ,h[ev]1 !y are all giv51 = ! reason t x w\ld be well n to apply any ( ^! names to o!r v>ieties4 ,x might be well to emphasize ! fact t _m m]itori\s v>ieties w\ld be ! bett] = re-nam+4 ,9 ! orig9al descriptions1 x w be not$ t ! ?ickness ( ! %ell is giv5 9 millimet]s4 ,a piece ( ! %ell ab\t ! c5t] ( ! side cov]+ ! back ( ! half k]nels1 0 accurately measur$4 ,^! measurem5ts mu/ n be reg>d$ z absolute1 b !y are comp>ative4 ,all nut illu/rations are natural size4 ,= ! orig9 & synonomy ( _m v>ieties cr$it mu/ be giv5 to ! excell5t "w ( ,mr4 ,william ,a4 ,taylor1 ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,dep>tm5t ( ,agriculture1 :o has probably done m ?an any "o else to /raight5 out ! tangl$ nom5clature ( ! pecan4 ,,classification ,,( ,,v>ieties4 ,h]et(ore1 no attempt has be5 made to gr\p or classify ! diff]5t v>ieties ( pecans4 ,classification does n become necess>y until ! numb] ( v>ieties has increas$ suffici5tly4 ,! foll[+ classification ( ! v>ieties ) :i* ! au?or is acqua9t$1 is bas$ entirely ^u ! %ape ( ! nuts4 ,no classification ( ^? v>ieties ( :i* descriptions are copi$ has be5 attempt$1 z ! descriptions are frequ5tly s meagre z to r5d] x impossible3 #a4 ,v>ieties3 ,h\nd or r\ndi% oblong4 ,types--,po/1 ,hollis1 ,money-mak]4 ,bacon1 ,bolton1 ,extra ,e>ly1 ,georgia1 ,hollis1 ,money-mak]1 ,po/1 ,r&all1 ,san ,saba1 ,?omas4 #b4 ,v>ieties3 ,oblong1 r\nd$ at ! base1 blunt & quadrangul> at ! apex4 ,types--,pab/1 ,success4 ,frots*]1 ,pab/1 ,pegram1 ,p]fection1 ,success1 ,sweetmeat4 #c4 ,v>ieties3 ,oblong 9 g5]al outl9e1 r\nd$1 blunt & abruptly tipp$ at ! base1 & abruptly %ort-po9t$ at ! apex4 ,types--,russell1 ,/u>t4 ,alley1 ,c>man1 ,capital1 ,frankl91 ,hav5s1 ,jacocks1 ,james ,no4 #a1 ,k9caid1 ,lewis1 ,moore1 ,morris1 ,russell1 ,/u>t4 #d4 ,v>ieties3 ,oblong cyl9drical to almo/ conical1 r\nd$ at ! base1 slop+ f ! middle or above to ! %>p-po9t$ apex4 ,types--,jewett1 ,curtis1 ,s*ley4 ,cl>ke1 ,curtis1 ,daisy1 ,dalzell1 ,dewey1 ,hume1 ,james' ,giant1 ,jewett1 ,k5n$y1 ,mammo?1 ,rome1 ,s*ley1 ,"y4 #e4 ,v>ieties3 ,usually long 9 proportion to ?ickness1 m or less po9t$ at bo? base & apex4 ,types--,atlanta1 ,ideal1 ,s*aif]4 ,atlanta1 ,c5t5nial1 ,delmas1 ,dome/ic1 ,ideal1 ,james' ,pap]-%ell1 ,ladyf+]1 ,longfell[1 ,l\isiana1 ,mon>*1 ,money1 ,s*aif]1 ,van ,deman4 #f4 ,hybrid ,v>ieties3 ,nussbaum]1 ,mc,callister1 ,s*neck1 ,poo%ee1 ,we/brook4 ,,alba4 ,size bel[ m$ium1 cyl9drical1 ) po9t$ apex2 crack+ quality good2 %ell ( m$ium ?ickness2 corky %ell l9+ ?ick1 adh]+ to ! k]nel2 k]nel plump1 light color$2 quality good4 7,report ,sec4 ,agr41 #ahic3 #bie1 #ahid74 ,,alley4 ,size m$ium1 #a-e_/h x #g_/h2 =m ovate2 color grayi%-br[n ) a few purpli%-black m>k+s ab\t ! apex2 base r\nd$1 tipp$2 apex abruptly %ort-po9t$1 slightly f\r-angl$2 %ell brittle1 ?91 4#h mm42 p>titions ?92 crack+ quality excell5t2 k]nel full1 plump1 bright /raw-color$1 sutures n>r[1 mod]ately deep1 second>y sutures slightly m>k$2 texture firm1 compact f9e gra9$2 flavor sweet1 delicate1 pleasant2 quality v good & a good keep]4 ,describ$ f specim5s receiv$ f ,mr4 ,!o4 ,be*tel1 ,ocean ,spr+s1 ,miss4 ,,atlanta4 ,size m$ium1 #a-g_/h x #g_/h x #aa_/af in*es2 ovate1 compress$2 color dull gray lib]ally speck$ ) small1 d>k dots1 spla%$ ) purpli% m>k+s f middle to apex2 base slop+1 blunt-po9t$2 apex slop+1 %ort-po9t$2 %ell brittle1 mod]ately ?92 p>titions r ?ick1 corky2 crack+ quality q good2 k]nel full1 plump1 sutures n>r[ ( m$ium dep?1 second>y sutures lack+2 color light yell[i%-br[n1 bright2 texture solid1 compact2 flavor sweet1 good2 quality v good4 ,orig9at$ by ,g4 ,m4 ,bacon1 ,de,witt1 ,ga41 & fir/ catalogu$ ab\t #aijj4 ,,bacon4 7,syn43 ,bacon's ,*oice47 ,size small1 #a-a_/d x #g_/h in*es2 r\nd$1 compress$ t[>d ! apex2 color dull br[ni%-gray1 ?ickly dott$ ) d>k specks1 lib]ally spla%$ ) purpli%-br[n m>k+s t[>d ! apex2 base r\nd$2 apex abruptly blunt-po9t$2 %ell ?91 4#he mm42 crack+ quality excell5t2 p>titions ?91 pap]y2 k]nel r\ndi%1 bright1 light br[ni%-yell[1 plump1 full1 smoo?1 sutures broad1 ( m$ium dep?2 flavor sweet1 nutty1 good2 quality v good4 ,a small pecan ( good quality1 orig9at$ by ,g4 ,m4 ,bacon1 ,de,witt1 ,ga41 & introduc$ by him 9 #aijj4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #b4 ,money-mak]1 ,po/1 ,san ,saba1 ,half ,k]nel ( ,bacon ,,b>t[4 ,m$ium size1 ?9 %ell & f9e flavor4 7,bacon's ,cat41 page #bi1 #aijd47 ,,beauty4 ,illu/rat$ 9 ,! ,pecan & ,h[ to ,gr[ ,x4 7,/u>t ,pecan ,co41 #ahic1 p4 #ei1 fig4 #e47 ,,belle4 ,m$ium1 ovate1 quality v good4 7,j4 ,v4 ,munson1 ,f>m & ,ran*1 ,dec4 #c1 #aijd1 p4 #b47 ,,bi$ig]4 ,li/$ 9 ,nut ,culture 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 ,u4 ,s4 ,dept4 ,agr41 ,div4 ,pomology1 #fd1 #ahif4 ,,biloxi4 7,w4 ,r4 ,/u>t1 ,ocean ,spr+s1 ,miss47 ,m$ium size1 cyl9drical1 po9t$ at ea* end2 surface q regul>1 light br[n2 %ell ?92 crack+ quality m$ium2 k]nel plump1 ) yell[i%-br[n surface2 free f a/r+5cy1 ( good quality1 & keeps well )\t becom+ rancid4 ,introduc$ sev]al ye>s ago by ,w4 ,r4 ,/u>t z ,mexican ,pap]-%ell1 b ! "n has s9ce be5 *ang$ to ,biloxi4 7,report ,sec4 ,agr41 #ahic4 #bie1 #ahid74 ,,black ,,jack4 ,li/$ 9 ,nut ,culture 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 ,u4 ,s4 ,dept4 ,agr41 ,div4 ,pomology1 #fd1 #ahif4 ,,bolton4 ,size m$ium1 #a-c_/h x #a in*es2 ovate conical2 color dull gray m>k$ ) purpli%-br[n blot*es ab\t ! apex2 base r\nd$2 apex angl$1 blunt1 slop+ gradually f ! c5t]2 %ell ?ick1 #a4i mm42 p>titions ?ick2 crack+ quality m$ium2 k]nel br[ni%-yell[1 some:at wr9kl$2 sutures broad1 deep1 inn] surface wr9kl$1 broadly oval 9 outl9e1 texture r op52 flavor sweet1 nutty2 quality good4 ,orig9at$ 9 ,jeff]son c\nty1 ,florida4 ,describ$ f specim5s receiv$ f ,j4 ,h4 ,gir>deau1 ,monticello1 ,fla4 ,,brackett4 ,nam$ = our ,u4 ,s4 ,pomologi/4 ,x is a v f9e m>ket pecan1 unexcell$ 9 ri*ness ( flavor1 & has a ?9 %ell4 ,trees are f9e gr[]s1 heavy be>]s1 & ) prop] c>e & att5tion come into be>+ at six ye>s old4 7,bacon's ,cat41 #aijj74 ,,bradley4 ,l>ge1 oblong1 ovoid1 %ell ?91 k]nel plump1 be/4 7,j4 ,v4 ,munson1 ,f>m & ,ran*1 ,dec4 #c1 #aijd1 p4 #b47 ,,bridex4 ,li/$ 9 ,nut ,culture 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 ,u4 ,s4 ,dept4 ,agr41 ,div4 ,pomology1 #fd1 #ahif4 ,,bullets4 ,a decid$ novelty 9 pecans4 ,z its "n indicates1 x is ( bullet %ape1 be+ almo/ p]fectly r\nd4 ,x has a f9e flavor1 %ell is v ?94 7,bacon's ,cat41 #aijj74 ,,capital4 ,size m$ium to l>ge1 #a-g_/h x #g_/h x #c_/d in*es2 ovate oblong1 compress$ ) well-m>k$ sutures2 color light-br[n /reak$ & spla%$ ) purpli%-br[n m>k+s f c5t] to apex2 base r\nd$1 blunt-tipp$2 apex abruptly %ort-po9t$1 nippl$2 %ell brittle1 ( m$ium ?ickness1 #a4c mm42 p>titions ( m$ium ?ickness2 crack+ quality v good2 k]nel plump1 fill+ ! %ell1 br[ni%-yell[ 9 color1 prim>y sutures broad & fairly deep1 second>y ones well def9$1 runn+ almo/ ! l5g? ( ! k]nel2 texture r op52 flavor good2 quality good4 ,describ$ f specim5s receiv$ f ,mr4 ,!o4 ,be*tel1 ,ocean ,spr+s1 ,miss4 ,,c>man4 ,size m$ium1 #a-g_/h x #c_/d in*es2 oblong1 compress$2 color light yell[i%-br[n m>k$ ) spla%es & blot*es ( br[ni%-black ab\t ! apex2 base r\nd$1 blunt-tipp$2 apex abruptly-po9t$1 %\ld]$ & f\r-angl$2 %ell brittle ( m$ium ?ickness1 #a4b mm42 p>titions ?92 crack+ quality v good2 k]nel long1 sl5d]1 plump1 /raw-color$1 sutures /raight1 n>r[1 %all[2 texture firm1 compact2 flavor sweet1 pleasant2 quality v good4 ,describ$ f specim5s receiv$ f ,pr(4 ,f4 ,h4 ,burnette1 ,baton ,r\ge1 ,la4 ,orig9at$ & introduc$ by ,mr4 ,s4 ,h4 ,james1 ,m\nd1 ,la4 ,,c5t5nial4 ,size l>ge1 #b x #g_/h x #c_/d in*es2 oblong1 compress$1 con/rict$ 9 ! middle1 ) well m>k$ sutures2 color grayi%-br[n1 bright1 m>k$ ) a few purpli% m>k+s 9 ! grooves at ! apex2 base tap]+ to a blunt po9t2 apex tap]+1 po9t$1 w$ge-%ap$1 sometimes curv$2 %ell m$ium ?ick1 #a4e mm42 p>titions ?92 crack+ quality m$ium2 k]nel plump1 full1 br[ni%-yell[1 bright1 sutures r small1 /raight1 second>y ones m>k$ by a l9e1 surface r wr9kl$2 flavor sweet1 delicate2 quality v good4 ,describ$ f specim5s receiv$ f ,mr4 ,j4 ,f4 ,jones1 ,monticello1 ,fla4 ,! orig9al tree /ood on ! ,anita plantation ( ,mr4 ,amant ,b\rgeois1 on ! ea/ bank ( ! ,mississippi riv] 9 ,/4 ,james ,p>i%1 ,la4,c ,x 0 de/roy$ ,m>* #ad1 #ahij1 by ! ,anita ,crevasse4 ,sixte5 trees 7 graft$ 9 #ahdf & #ahdg by ! slave g>d5]1 ,anto9e1 ( ,mr4 ,telesphore ,j4 ,roman1 own] ( ,oak ,alley plantation4 ,two ( ^! e>li] trees are /ill /&+4 ,nuts 7 exhibit$ at ! ,c5t5nial ,exposition1 ,philadelphia1 9 #ahgf1 by ,hub]t ,bonzano4 ,"u ! "n ,c5t5nial1 x 0 probably fir/ catalogu$ by ! late ,ri*>d ,frots*]1 ( ,new ,orleans1 9 #ahhe4 ,,*iquita4 ,small1 ovate1 %ell m$ium1 be/1 long keep]4 7,t4 ,v4 ,munson1 ,f>m & ,ran*1 ,decemb] #c1 #aijd1 p4 #b47 ,,cl>k4 ,size m$ium to l>ge1 #a-c_/d x #g_/h in*es2 ovate oblong2 color dull gray1 ) a few purpli% spots ab\t ! apex2 base r\nd$2 apex blunt2 %ell brittle ( m$ium ?ickness1 #a4c mm42 crack+ quality m$ium2 p>titions ?ick1 corky2 k]nel full & plump ) n>r[ sutures ( m$ium dep?1 light yell[ 9 color & m>k$ "h & !re ) black dots2 texture r op52 flavor good2 quality good4 ,obta9$ ( ,j4 ,h4 ,gir>deau1 ,monticello1 ,fla4 ,,colorado4 ,m5tion$ by ,&rew ,full] 9 ,! ,nut-,culturi/1 #ahif1 p4 #afi4 ,,curtis4 7,syn43 ,curtis ,no4 #b74 ,m$ium1 #a-e_/h x #g_/h in*es2 ovate1 conical1 compress$2 color br[ni%-gray1 m>k$ ?r\gh\t ) d>k specks & a few purpli% specks ab\t ! apex2 base r\nd$2 apex slop+1 po9t$2 %ell ?91 4#g mm42 crack+ quality excell5t2 p>titions ?91 smoo?2 k]nel bright /raw-color$1 plump1 full1 ) n>r[ sutures ( m$ium dep?2 texture compact1 firm2 flavor sweet1 ri*1 nutty2 quality excell5t4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #c4 ,curtis ,pecan4 ,! orig9al tree ( ?is v>iety is to be f\nd 9 ! grove ( ,dr4 ,j4 ,b4 ,curtis1 ,orange ,heights1 ,fla4 ,x 0 rais$ f se$ secur$ f ,ar?ur ,br[n1 ,bagdad1 ,fla41 & plant$ 9 #ahhf4 ,x is a m]itori\s v>iety1 be+ prolific1 ( good appe>ance & excell5t quality4 ,,daisy4 ,m$ium to l>ge1 #a-g_/h x #ac_/af x #c_/d in*es2 oblong cyl9drical2 color r$di%-br[n m>k$ ) a few purpli%-br[n spots ab\t ! apex2 base r\nd$2 apex abruptly tap]+1 r %ort2 %ell brittle1 ?9 4#ic mm42 crack+ quality fairly good2 p>titions ?ick2 k]nel light br[ni%-yell[1 full1 plump1 ) broad & v %all[ sutures2 texture firm & compact2 flavor sweet1 good2 quality good4 ,obta9$ ( ,s4 ,w4 ,peek1 ,h>twell1 ,ga4 ,,dalzell4 ,l>ge1 #b x #g_/h x #c_/d in*es2 cyl9drical flatt5$2 dull grayi%-br[n1 pebbl$1 m>k$ ) n>r[ spla%es ( purpli%-br[n f c5t] to apex2 base r\nd$2 apex abruptly %>p-po9t$1 f\r-angl$ & %\ld]$2 %ell r ?ick1 brittle1 #a4d mm42 crack+ quality m$ium2 p>titions ?92 k]nel long1 n>r[ ) deep sutures1 yell[i%-br[n 9 color1 texture firm & compact2 flavor sweet1 good2 quality good4 ,obta9$ ( ,s4 ,h4 ,graves1 ,ga9esville1 ,fla4 ,! orig9al tree,d /&s 9 a #ad-;acre grove1 f\r miles s\? ( ,ga9esville4 ,! grove 0 plant$ 9 #ahhh1 by ,mr4 ,j4 ,r4 ,zetr\r1 n[ ( ,ro*elle1 ,fla4 ,,delmas4 ,size l>ge1 #a-g_/h x #a in*es2 ovate1 m>k$ ) f\r di/9ct ridges2 color dull d>k gray m>k$ ) d>k specks & blot*es ) purpli%-black f c5t] to apex2 base slop+1 r\nd$1 blunt2 apex abruptly %ort-po9t$1 f\r-angl$2 %ell ?ick1 brittle1 #a4d mm42 p>titions ?ick1 corky2 crack+ quality good2 k]nel bright light yell[1 sutures broad1 op51 %all[1 second>y ones almo/ lack+1 sometimes slack at bottom end2 texture r op52 flavor sweet2 quality good4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #d4 ,mammo?4 ,dalzell4 ,k5n$y4 ,describ$ f specim5s receiv$ f ,mr4 ,!o4 ,be*tel1 ,ocean ,spr+s1 ,miss4 ,a l>ge nut ( fairly good quality1 said 9 "s cases to h be5 sub/itut$ = ,s*ley1 f :i* x is v di/9ct4 ,,dewey4 ,m$ium to l>ge1 #a-g_/h x #c_/d in*es2 ovate po9t$2 color dull gray1 m>k$ ) spla%es ( purpli%-br[n2 base r\nd$2 apex %>p2 %ell brittle & ?91 4#hh mm42 crack+ quality v good2 p>titions ?92 k]nel full1 plump1 smoo?1 bright light /raw-color$1 ) n>r[ sutures ( m$ium dep?2 texture firm & solid2 flavor sweet1 ri*1 good2 quality v good4 ,specim5s = description obta9$ ( ,h4 ,k4 ,mill]1 ,monticello1 ,fla4 ,orig9at$ 9 ,jeff]son c\nty1 ,fla4 ,,dewitt4 ,an oddity1 hav+ ! %ape ( a sp9n+ top4 ,%ell is ?91 & its ri* meat is easily extract$ on acc\nt ( its peculi> %ape4 7,bacon's ,cat4 #aijj47 ,,dome/ic4 ,l>ge1 #b x #c_/d in*es2 oblong ovate1 compress$ t[>d ! base2 color light r$di%-br[n1 ) splot*es ( purpli%-br[n ?r\gh\t2 base slop+1 po9t$2 apex f\r-angl$1 abruptly blunt-po9t$2 %ell brittle1 ?91 4#ie mm42 crack+ quality good2 p>titions ?ick1 r$1 corky2 k]nel br[ni%-yell[1 plump1 full1 wr9kl$ on ! sides ) /raight1 n>r[1 deep sutures & second>y ones fairly well develop$2 texture compact & f9e gra9$2 flavor sweet1 good2 quality v good4 ,specim5s = description obta9$ f ,frank ,h4 ,lewis1 ,scranton1 ,miss4 ,,e>ly ,,texan4 7,l\is ,bi$ig]1 ,idlewild1 ,tex47 ,size above m$ium1 %ort1 cyl9drical1 ) r\nd$ base & blunt conical cr[n2 %ell q ?ick1 %ell l9+ ?ick1 a/r+5t2 crack+ quality m$ium2 k]nel n v plump1 ( mild nutty flavor2 quality good4 7,report ,sec'y ,agr41 #ahic3 #bie1 #ahid47 ,,egg4 7,syn43 ,egg%ell47 ,m$ium2 ovate2 %ell ?92 p>titions ?92 k]nel plump2 quality good4 ,d4 ,l4 ,pi]son1 ,monticello1 ,fla4 ,gr[n f se$ procur$ f ,l\isiana 9 #ahhi4 7,hume1 ,bul4 #ed1 ,florida ,exp4 ,/ation1 #bjc1 #aijj47 ,,excelsior4 ,a v>iety report$ by ,ladd ,bros41 ,/onewall1 ,miss4 7,li/$ 9 ,nut ,culture 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 ,u4 ,s4 ,dept4 ,agr41 ,div4 ,pomology1 #fd1 #ahif47 ,,extra ,,e>ly4 ,size m$ium to l>ge1 #a-c_/h x #a in*2 oblong ovoid abruptly-po9t$2 color grayi%-yell[ ) small purpli% blot*es m or less ov] ! :ole surface2 base r\nd$2 apex abruptly-po9t$1 blunt2 %ell ( m$ium ?ickness1 #a4ae mm42 p>titions ( m$ium ?ickness2 crack+ quality good2 k]nel fill+ ! %ell1 plump1 smoo?1 sutures broad1 op51 deep1 n clasp+ ! %ell1 color br[ni%-yell[1 texture op52 flavor v good1 quality fair4 ,describ$ f specim5s receiv$ f ,e4 ,e4 ,risi51 ,san ,saba1 ,texas2 n catalogu$1 s f> z we are aw>e4 ,,fau/4 7,o4 ,d4 ,fau/1 ,bamb]g1 ,s4 ,c47 ,a pecan ( l>ge size2 v long 9 %ape2 q ?9 %ell2 k]nel sep>at+ readily f %ell2 quality be/4 7,report ,sec'y ,agr41 #ahia1 p4 #cie3 #ahib47 ,,favorita4 ,a v>iety nam$ & gr[n at "o "t by ,ar?ur ,br[n1 ,bagdad1 ,fla4 7,li/$ 9 ,nut ,culture 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 ,u4 ,s4 ,dept1 ,agr41 ,div4 ,pomology1 #fd1 #ahif47 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #e4 ,frots*] ,pecan4 ,,frankl94 ,size m$ium l>ge1 #a-e_/h x #g_/h in*es2 ovate2 color dull grayi%-br[n spla%$ ab\t ! apex ) purpli%-black2 base r\nd$1 blunt-tipp$2 apex blunt-po9t$1 f\r-angl$2 %ell brittle1 ( m$ium ?ickness1 #a4cb mm42 p>titions ?ick2 crack+ quality good2 k]nel full1 plump1 bright br[ni%-yell[1 prim>y sutures ( m$ium wid?1 deep1 second>y ones almo/ lack+2 texture r co>se1 fairly firm & compact2 flavor sweet1 good2 quality v good4 ,describ$ f specim5s receiv$ f ,s4 ,w4 ,peek1 ,h>twell1 ,ga4 ,,frots*]4 7,syn43 ,frots*]'s ,egg%ell1 ,egg%ell1 ,olivi]1 ,maje/ic47 ,l>ge1 #a-e_/h x #a-g_/h in*es2 cyl9drical1 ovate2 color bright yell[i%-br[n1 ) a few black spla%es ab\t ! apex2 base broad1 r\nd$2 4#i mm42 p>titions ?92 crack+ quality excell5t2 k]nel br[ni%-yell[1 d>k ve9$1 frequ5tly slack at "o end2 sutures ( m$ium dep?1 r n>r[1 second>y sutures well m>k$2 texture dry1 r co>se2 flavor good2 quality fair to m$ium4 ,! above description 0 made f specim5s receiv$ f ! ,j4 ,/eckl] ,se$ ,co41 ,new ,orleans1 ,la4 ,! orig9al tree /&s 9 ! g>d5 ( ,h4 ,j4 ,ph>r1 ,olivi]1 ,la42 ! place 0 =m]ly own$ by ,osc> ,olivi]4 ,! v>iety 0 fir/ propagat$ by ,william ,nelson1 & catalogu$ z ,frots*]'s ,egg%ell1 by ,ri*>d ,frots*]1 9 #ahhe4 ,! v>iety is precoci\s1 productive1 & succe$s ov] a wide range ( c\ntry4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #f4 ,georgia ,pecan4 ,,georgia4 7,syn43 ,georgia ,giant47 ,size l>ge1 #a-a_/b x #a_/h x #a in*es2 r\nd$ ovate2 color br[ni%-gray m>k$ ) spla%es & dots ( d>k br[n cov]+ a good "p ( ! surface2 base r\nd$2 apex tap]+1 blunt2 %ell brittle1 m$ium 9 ?ickness1 #a4c mm42 crack+ quality m$ium2 p>titions ?ick1 corky1 r$2 k]nel bright r$di%-br[n1 plump1 full1 r deeply sutur$1 two second>y sutures fairly well develop$2 texture compact1 f9e gra9$2 flavor sweet1 good2 quality v good4 ,orig9at$ & introduc$ by ,g4 ,m4 ,bacon1 ,de,witt1 ,ga4 ,said to be a precoci\s & prolific be>]4 ,,georgia ,,melon4 ,size above m$ium1 %ort1 r blunt at apex2 crack+ quality m$ium1 %ell ?ick2 k]nel plump1 br[n2 meat yell[1 mod]ately t5d]1 pleasant1 good4 7,report ,sec4 ,agr41 #ahic1 #bie3 #ahid47 ,,giant4 ,nam$1 & at cue "t propagat$1 by ,l\is ,bi$ig]1 ,idlewild1 ,tex4 7,li/$ 9 ,nut ,culture 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 #fd1 #ahif47 ,,gonzales4 7,t4 ,v4 ,munson1 ,d5ison1 ,tex47 ,above m$ium size1 ) firm1 clean %ell2 quality excell5t4 ,orig9at$ 9 ,gonzales c\nty1 ,tex4 7,report ,sec4 ,agr4 #ahic1 #bie3 #ahid47 ,,graff4 ,nam$1 & at "o "t propagat$1 by ,l\is ,bi$ig]1 ,idlewild1 ,tex4 7,li/$ 9 ,nut ,culture 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 #fd1 #ahif47 ,,halb]t4 ,v l>ge1 oval1 %ell ?ick1 fair quality4 7,t4 ,v4 ,munson1 ,f>m & ,ran*1 p4 #b1 ,dec4 #crd1 #aijd47 ,,hamilton4 7,syn43 ,r4 ,hamilton47 ,illu/rat$ 9 ,f>m & ,ran*1 ,vol4 #bc1 ,no4 #di1 p4 #a1 ,dec4 #crd1 #aijd4 ,,h>c\rt4 7,syn43 ,hel5 ,h>c\rt87 ,size m$ium1 %ort1 slightly acorn-%ap$2 crack+ qualities m$ium2 ,%ell r ?ick1 b v smoo? inside2 k]nel %ort1 v plump2 meat yell[2 v t5d]2 ri*2 v good4 7,report ,sec4 ,agr41 #ahic1 #bie3 #ahid47 ,,hav5s4 ,l>ge4 #a-g_/h x #a x #g_/h in*es2 ovate1 compress$2 color dull gray speck$ & spla%$ ) purpli%-br[n2 base r\nd$1 blunt-tipp$2 apex abruptly %ort-po9t$1 f\r-angl$2 %ell brittle1 ?91 4#he mm42 p>titions ( m$ium ?ickness2 crack+ quality excell5t2 k]nel v plump1 full1 br[ni%-yell[ m>k$ ) d>k specks1 prim>y sutures n>r[1 deep1 second>y ones v slightly m>k$1 bottom ends ( halves ( k]nel divid$2 texture solid1 compact1 f9e gra9$2 flavor sweet1 good2 quality v good4 ,describ$ f specim5s receiv$ f ,frank ,h4 ,lewis1 ,scranton1 ,miss4 ,,hollis4 7,syn43 ,po/'s ,select 9 "p47 ,size m$ium1 #a-c_/h x #a in*es2 =m r\ndi% ovate1 m>k$ ) f\r m or less prom95t longitud9al ridges2 color dull br[ni%-yell[1 slightly spla%$ ) purpli%-br[n ab\t ! apex2 base r\nd$2 apex r\ndi%1 blunt2 %ell ?ick1 #a4f mm42 p>titions ?ick2 crack+ quality m$ium2 k]nel plump1 fill+ ! %ell1 q smoo?1 broadly & deeply groov$1 oval 9 outl9e1 light br[ni%-yell[ 9 color2 texture f9e gra9$2 flavor delicate1 good2 quality good4 ,describ$ f specim5s receiv$ f ,h]b]t ,po/1 ,=t ,wor?1 ,tex4 ,! se$ nuts ( ?is v>iety h be5 sold "u ! "n1 ,po/'s ,select4 ,x orig9at$ at ,b5d1 ,san ,saba c\nty1 ,texas4 ,,hume4 7,syn43 ,curtis ,no4 #e47 ,size m$ium1 #a-a_/b x #g_/h in*es2 %ort1 oblong cyl9drical1 m>k$ ) two longitud9al ridges2 color grayi%-br[n m>k$ ) a numb] ( %ort1 n>r[ purpli%-br[n spla%es2 base r\nd$1 v blunt-tipp$2 apex abruptly-po9t$1 flatt5$ on two sides2 %ell ?91 4#h mm42 p>titions m$ium1 corky2 crack+ quality v good2 k]nel full1 plump1 light yell[i%-br[n1 m>k$ & dott$ ) d>k spots1 sutures /raight1 n>r[1 ( m$ium dep?2 texture firm1 compact2 flavor sweet1 pleasant1 quality v good4 ,! orig9al tree ( ?is v>iety /&s 9 ! grove ( ,dr4 ,j4 ,b4 ,curtis1 ,orange ,heights1 ,fla4 ,x 0 gr[n f se$ secur$ f ,ar?ur ,br[n1 ,bagdad1 ,fla41 9 #ahhf4 ,x is a %y be>]4 ,,ideal4 ,m$ium1 #a-g_/h x #c_/d x #e_/h in*es2 oblong1 some:at compress$1 slightly con/rict$ 9 ! middle2 color bright grayi%-br[n m>k$ ) n>r[ /rips ( purpli%-br[n at ! apex2 base slop+1 po9t$2 apex slop+1 po9t$2 %ell ?91 brittle1 4#i mm42 p>titions m$ium ?ick2 crack+ quality good2 k]nel full1 plump1 smoo?1 bright /raw-color$1 sutures v n>r[1 %all[2 texture compact1 firm2 flavor sweet1 good2 quality v good4 ,describ$ f specim5s receiv$ f ,s4 ,w4 ,peek1 ,h>twell1 ,ga4 ,,idlewild4 ,m$ium size1 ?ick %ell1 k]nel good4 ,l\is ,bi$ig]1 ,idlewild1 ,tex4 7,?omas' ,am]ican ,fruit ,culturi/1 #ba/ ed4 #deb1 #aijc47 ,,jacocks4 7,syn43 ,jacocks' ,mammo?47 ,size l>ge or v l>ge1 #a-g_/h x #a in*es2 ovate1 long2 color bright yell[i%-br[n2 base r\nd$1 abruptly blunt-po9t$2 apex blunt1 f\r-angl$1 slightly w$g$2 %ell brittle1 ( m$ium ?ickness1 #a4c mm42 p>titions v ?ick1 corky1 r$2 crack+ quality m$ium2 k]nel light yell[i%-br[n1 full or sometimes %runk51 sutures broad1 ( m$ium dep?1 second>y sutures well develop$ & fairly deep2 texture op51 r co>se2 flavor sweet1 r dry2 quality fairly good4 ,introduc$ by ,mrs4 ,c4 ,w4 ,jacocks1 ,=mosa1 ,fla41 f :om specim5s 7 receiv$4 ,,james ,,giant4 ,m$ium to l>ge1 #b x #g_/h in*es2 ovate cyl9drical2 color br[ni%-gray1 m>k$ ) a few purpli% spla%es ab\t ! apex2 base r\nd$2 apex abruptly %>p-po9t$ ) f\r r prom95t ridges2 %ell ?91 #a4 mm42 crack+ quality good2 p>titions m$ium ?ickness2 k]nel bright light yell[1 ) n>r[ deep sutures & well def9$ second>y sutures2 texture firm1 compact2 flavor sweet1 good2 quality v good4 ,obta9$ ( ,pr(4 ,f4 ,h4 ,burnette1 ,baton ,r\ge1 ,la4 ,,james ,,no4 #a4 ,size l>ge1 #b x #ac_/af x #c_/d in*es2 oblong1 ovate1 compress$2 br[ni%-yell[ 9 color ) a few br[ni% /reaks ab\t ! apex2 base r\nd$1 blunt-tipp$2 apex abruptly blunt-po9t$1 f\r-angl$1 nippl$2 %ell ?91 4#h mm42 p>titions ?92 crack+ quality v good2 k]nel /raw-color$1 usually full & plump1 ?\gh sometimes %runk5 at "o end1 prim>y sutures broad1 %all[1 second>y ones well def9$2 texture solid1 f9e gra9$2 flavor v good1 sweet2 quality v good4 ,describ$ f specim5s receiv$ f ,pr(4 ,f4 ,h4 ,burnette1 ,baton ,r\ge1 ,la4 ,orig9at$ & introduc$ by ,s4 ,h4 ,james1 ,m\nd1 ,la4 ,,james ,,pap]-,,%ell4 ,m$ium to l>ge1 #a-g_/h x #c_/d in*es2 cyl9drical or slightly quadrangul>1 sl5d]2 color yell[i%-br[n m>k$ ) purpli% spla%es f c5t] to apex2 base r\nd$2 apex abruptly-po9t$1 f\r-angl$2 %ell ?91 4#if mm42 p>titions ?92 crack+ quality v good2 k]nel sometimes slack at "o end1 usually plump1 smoo?1 bright br[ni%-yell[2 sutures n>r[1 %all[2 texture firm1 compact2 flavor v good1 sweet2 quality v good4 ,orig9at$ by ,s4 ,h4 ,james1 ,m\nd1 ,la41 & describ$ f specim5s receiv$ f ,pr(4 ,f4 ,h4 ,burnette1 ,baton ,r\ge1 ,la4 ,,jewett4 ,l>ge1 #a-g_/h x #g_/h in*es2 obovate1 flatt5$1 angul>1 frequ5tly con/rict$ at ! middle2 color dull r$di%-br[n1 m>k$ ) l>ge purpli% spla%es2 base r\nd$2 apex blunt f\r-angl$1 frequ5tly curv$2 %ell brittle1 ?ick2 crack+ quality v good2 p>titions ( m$ium ?ickness2 k]nel bright /raw-color$1 plump1 smoo?1 some:at triangul>1 ) broad1 op51 %all[ sutures2 texture firm1 compact2 flavor fair2 quality m$ium4 ,obta9$ ( ,*as4 ,e4 ,pab/1 ,ocean ,spr+s1 ,miss4 ,,jumbo4 ,size l>ge1 #a-e_/h x #g_/h in*es2 ovate1 slightly tap]+2 color grayi%-br[n m>k$ ) a few n>r[ /reaks ab\t ! apex2 base r\nd$2 apex f\r-angl$1 w$g$1 blunt-po9t$2 %ell brittle1 ( m$ium ?ickness1 #a4c mm42 p>titions ?ick1 corky2 crack+ quality m$ium2 k]nel full1 plump1 /raw-yell[ 9 color1 prim>y sutures broad1 deep1 second>y sutures almo/ lack+2 texture fairly solid1 f9e gra9$2 flavor sweet1 good2 quality v good4 ,describ$ f specim5s receiv$ f ,summit ,nurs]ies1 ,monticello1 ,fla4 ,,k5n$y4 ,l>ge1 #a-c_/d x #g_/h in*es2 ovate-conical1 flatt5$2 color dull br[ni%-gray1 m>k$ ) a few n>r[ /reaks ( purpli%-black ab\t ! apex2 base r\nd$2 apex %>p-po9t$1 flatt5$ on two sides2 %ell ( m$ium ?ickness1 4#ih mm42 crack+ quality v good2 p>titions ?92 k]nel bright1 plump1 full1 smoo? ) n>r[ sutures ( m$ium dep? & second>y ones m>k$ by a l9e2 texture firm & compact1 flavor ri*1 sweet2 quality excell5t4 ,describ$ f specim5s receiv$ f ,dr4 ,j4 ,b4 ,curtis1 ,orange ,heights1 ,fla4 ,orig9 simil> to ,curtis4 ,,k5tucky ,,gem4 ,li/$4 7,burnette1 ,f4 ,h41 ,bul4 ,la4 ,exp4 ,/ation1 sec4 s]4 ,no4 #fi1 #aijb1 p4 #hge47 ,,kidd4 ,illu/rat$ 9 ,f>m & ,ran*1 ,vol4 #bc1 ,no4 #di1 ,dec4 #c1 #aijd1 p4 #a4 ,,k9caid4 ,size m$ium to l>ge1 #a-e_/h x #a in*es2 ovate compress$ ) well def9$ sutures2 color light br[ni%-yell[1 bright1 m>k$ ) n>r[ spla%es ( purpli%-black at ! apex2 base almo/ flatt5$1 blunt-tipp$2 apex blunt-po9t$1 slightly w$g$1 f\r-angl$2 %ell brittle1 compact1 ?91 4#ih mm42 p>titions ?ick1 corky2 crack+ quality v good2 k]nel v full & plump1 smoo?1 bright1 light /raw-color$1 prim>y sutures broad & deep1 second>y sutures creas$ & v %all[2 texture f9e gra9$1 solid1 compact2 flavor sweet1 ri*1 good2 quality excell5t2 a good keep]4 ,describ$ f specim5s receiv$ f ,e4 ,e4 ,risl51 ,san ,saba1 ,texas4 ,?is app>5tly is a v good v>iety ( pecan4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #g4 ,%aif]4 ,ideal4 ,ladyf+]4 ,k]nel ( ,atlanta4 ,,krack-,,ezy4 ,m$ium1 ovoid1 v ?9 %ell1 full ( meat1 be/ 7,t4 ,v4 ,munson1 ,f>m & ,ran*1 ,dec4 #c1 #aijd1 p4 #b47 ,,ladyf+]4 ,size small1 #a-a_/b x #e_/h in*es2 ovate po9t$ at bo? ends2 color grayi%-br[n m>k$ ) a v few small n>r[ /reaks ab\t ! apex2 base po9t$2 apex po9t$2 %ell ?91 #a4 mm42 p>titions ( m$ium ?ickness2 crack+ quality excell5t2 k]nel small & n>r[1 plump full1 smoo?1 sutures n>r[ & %all[2 flavor sweet1 good2 quality v good4 ,describ$ f specim5s receiv$ f ! ,summit ,nurs]ies1 ,monticello1 ,fla4 ,orig9at$ on ! gr\nds ( ?is nurs]y company 9 ,jackson c\nty1 ,fla4 ,a small nut ( v f9e quality1 b too small to be recomm5d$ = ext5sive plant+4 ,,lam>4 ,l>ge1 oblong1 po9t$1 m$ium %ell1 full1 be/4 7,t4 ,v4 ,munson1 ,f>m & ,ran*1 ,dec4 #h1 #aijd1 p4 #b74 ,,lewis4 ,l>ge1 #a-e_/h x #g_/h in*es2 ovate1 compress$2 color bright yell[i%-br[n m>k$ ) purpli%-br[n blot*es ?ree-qu>t]s ( ! di/ance back f apex2 base r\nd$1 blunt-tipp$2 apex blunt-po9t$1 slightly w$g$2 %ell ?91 4#ih mm42 crack+ quality good2 p>titions ?ick2 k]nel plump or sometimes %runk5 at l[] end1 wr9kl$ on ! sides1 bright1 light yell[ 9 color1 prim>y sutures broad1 ( m$ium dep?1 second>y ones v %all[1 wr9kl$2 texture f9e gra9$1 solid2 flavor sweet1 pleasant2 quality v good4 ,describ$ f specim5s receiv$ f ,frank ,h4 ,lewis1 ,scranton1 ,miss4 ,,longfell[4 ,l>ge1 #a-g_/h x #g_/h in*es2 obovate1 angul>1 sutur$2 color light yell[i%-br[n /rongly m>k$ ) purpli%-black spla%es ?r\gh\t2 base slop+1 r\nd$2 apex %\ld]$1 abruptly-po9t$1 flatt5$ & quadrangul>2 %ell ( m$ium ?ickness1 #a4ae mm42 p>titions v ?92 crack+ quality good2 k]nel full1 plump1 some:at wr9kl$2 light /raw-color$1 sutures n>r[ ( m$ium dep?2 texture f9e gra9$1 compact2 flavor sweet1 ri*1 nutty2 quality excell5t4 ,describ$ f specim5s receiv$ f ,e4 ,e4 ,risi51 ,san ,saba1 ,texas4 ,a pecan ( good quality & an excell5t keep]4 ,,l\isiana4 ,size m$ium1 #a-g_/h x #g_/h x #c_/d in*es2 oblong cyl9drical2 color grayi%-br[n1 m>k$ ) spla%es ( purpli%-black t[>ds ! apex2 base r\nd$1 slop+2 apex slop+1 po9t$2 %ell r ?ick1 #a4d mm42 p>titions ( m$ium ?ickness2 crack+ quality v good2 k]nel full1 plump1 d>k yell[1 sutures broad1 %all[2 texture firm1 compact2 flavor sweet1 good2 quality v good4 ,describ$ f specim5s receiv$ f ,summit ,nurs]ies1 ,monticello1 ,fla4 ,,magnum ,,bonum4 ,m$ium1 ovate2 %ell ?92 p>titions ?92 k]nel plump1 sweet2 quality v good4 7,hume1 ,bul4 #ed1 ,fla4 ,exp4 ,/ation1 #aijj1 #bjg74 ,,mammo?4 7,syn43 ,/eckl]'s ,mammo?47 ,l>ge to v l>ge1 #b x #a in*es2 =m ovate2 color dull gray1 pebbl$1 ) a v few d>k l9es at ! apex2 base r\nd$2 apex flatt5$1 f\r-angl$1 blunt2 %ell ?ick1 #a4d mm42 crack+ quality v poor2 p>titions corky1 v ?ick2 k]nel bright yell[i%-br[n ) broad1 deep sutures & fuzzy l9+ adh]+ to k]nel2 texture co>se2 flavor sweet & good2 quality q good4 ,obta9$ ( ,j4 ,/eckl] ,se$ ,company4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #g;a4 ,! ,mantura ,pecan4 ,,mantura4 ,size l>ge1 #b x #ac_/af1 #a-g_/h x #g_/h in*es2 oblong1 oval2 color dull r$di%-br[n lib]ally m>k$ ) l>ge1 irregul> black spla%es2 base tap]-po9t$1 blunt2 apex %>p-po9t$1 nippl$2 %ell v ?91 4#gh mm42 brittle1 d5se2 crack+ quality v good2 p>titions ?92 k]nel d>k /raw-color$1 plump1 smoo?1 oval1 ) op5 sutures ( m$ium dep?2 texture firm1 solid2 flavor sweet1 nutty2 quality v good inde$4 ,describ$ f specim5s receiv$ f ,wm4 ,n4 ,rop]1 ,pet]sburg1 ,va41 by :om x 0 nam$ & introduc$ 9 #aijf4 ,! orig9al tree ( ?is v>iety /&s on ! ,mantura home/ead1 9 ,surry c\nty1 ,va41 two miles s\? ( ! ,james riv]1 n[ own$ by ,w4 ,p4 ,wilson4 ,mr4 ,wilson's "m plant$ f\r trees f nuts secur$ f a tree at ,surry ,c\r?\se1 ,va41 ! ,mantura be+ "o ( ! f\r1 ,! p>5t tree measures ab\t f\rte5 feet ar\nd ! body1 & be>s crops ( good siz$ nuts4 ,x /&s ab\t t5 miles f ! site ( ! ,mantura tree4 ,! ,mantura tree is a l>ge1 symmetrical specim5 ) wide-spread+ bran*es4 ,x is ab\t eighty feet high & measures ab\t elev5 feet ar\nd ! trunk4 ,x has be5 be>+ = ! pa/ fifte5 ye>s1 & 9 #aije yield$ #bge p\nds ( nuts4 ,?is v>iety w d\btless prove a valuable acquisition = plant]s on ! nor!rn limits ( ! pecan area1 z ! p>ticul> /ra9 f :i* x comes has be5 gr[+ 9 ,virg9ia = m ?an sixty ye>s4 ,,mexican ,,pap]-,,%ell4 ,report$ by ,ladd ,bros41 ,/onewall1 ,miss4 ,li/$ 9 ,nut ,culture 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 #aijf1 p4 #fd4 7,see ,biloxi47 ,,mey]s4 ,! fruit ( a v>iety ( ?is "n 0 di/ribut$ by ,judge ,samuel ,mill]1 ,bluffton1 ,mo4 7,&rew ,full]1 9 ,! ,nut ,culturi/1 p4 #agj1 #ahif47 ,,mon>*4 7,syn43 ,de ,witt ,mammo?47 ,l>ge1 #b x #g_/h in*es2 ovate1 slop+ to base & apex2 color dull gray /rongly m>k$ ) purpli%-black spla%es2 base po9t$2 apex po9t$1 w$g$2 %ell m$ium ?ick1 #a4a mm42 p>titions ?ick1 corky2 crack+ quality poor2 k]nel frequ5tly badly fill$ at base1 sutures ( m$ium wid? & dep?1 color yell[i%-br[n2 texture firm2 flavor good1 r dry2 quality good4 ,orig9at$ by ,g4 ,m4 ,bacon1 ,de,witt1 ,ga4 7( ! ,g4 ,m4 ,bacon ,pecan ,co471 & introduc$ ab\t ! ye> #aijj4 ,ow+ to ! preemption ( ! "n ,mammo?1 by ano!r v>iety introduc$ by ! late ,ri*>d ,frots*]1 ( ,new ,orleans1 ,la41 ! "n ,de,witt ,mammo? 0 *ang$ to ,mon>*4,e ,,money4 7,syn43 ,s5ator ,money47 ,size l>ge1 #a x #g_/h x #g_/h in*es2 ovate1 some:at f\r-angl$1 color light br[n m>k$ ) blot*es ( purpli%-br[n sometimes ?r\gh\t2 base abruptly blunt-po9t$2 apex w$g$1 po9t$2 %ell brittle1 m$ium to ?ick1 #a4c mm42 p>titions m$ium2 k]nel plump1 full1 bright light yell[1 sutures broad1 %all[1 second>y ones indi/9ct2 texture r op51 ( m$ium gra92 flavor sweet1 good2 quality v good4 ,a l>ge1 plump-meat$ pecan ( v good quality1 describ$ f specim5s receiv$ f ,frank ,h4 ,lewis1 ,scranton1 ,miss4 ,,money-,,mak]4 ,size m$ium1 #a-e_/af x #a in*es2 ovate1 oblong2 color light yell[i%-br[n ) a few purpli%-br[n m>ks ab\t ! apex2 base r\nd$2 apex abruptly r\nd$1 slightly w$g$2 small nipples2 %ell ( m$ium ?ickness1 #a4a mm42 p>titions m$ium ?ick1 corky2 crack+ quality v good2 k]nel full1 plump1 broadly oval1 sutures /raight1 broad1 %all[1 second>y ones small2 texture firm1 solid2 flavor sweet1 good2 quality v good4 ,describ$ f specim5s receiv$ f ,pr(4 ,f4 ,h4 ,burnette1 ,baton ,r\ge1 ,la4 ,?is pecan 0 orig9at$ & introduc$ by ,s4 ,h4 ,james1 ,m\nd1 ,la42 ! quality is v good & ! v>iety is precoci\s1 prolific & h>dy4 ,,moore4 ,size small1 #a-c_/h x #c_/d in*es2 ovate2 color light yell[i%-br[n m>k$ ) a few small purpli% spots ab\t ! apex2 base r\nd$2 apex abruptly nippl$1 %ort2 %ell brittle1 ?91 #a4a mm42 p>titions r ?92 crack+ quality v good2 k]nel d>k yell[1 plump1 full1 sutures n>r[1 %all[2 texture firm1 compact1 solid2 flavor sweet & good2 quality v good4 ,describ$ f specim5s receiv$ f ,j4 ,h4 ,gir>deau1 ,monticello1 ,fla4 ,! v>iety is s small t we deem x sc>cely wor?y ( propagation4 ,,morris4 ,size m$ium1 #a-e_/h x #c_/d in*es2 ovate2 color light br[n1 bright1 clean1 base slop+1 r\nd$2 apex tap]+ abruptly to a blunt po9t2 %ell brittle1 ( m$ium ?ickness1 #a4de mm42 p>titions ?ick2 crack+ quality v good2 k]nel plump1 fill+ ! %ell1 /raw-color$1 prim>y sutures broad & deep1 second>y ones %all[2 texture firm1 compact2 flavor sweet1 good2 quality v good4 ,describ$ f specim5s receiv$ f ,summit ,nurs]ies1 ,monticello1 ,fla4 ,,nelson4 ,nut ! l>ge/ ( all kn[n2 "s specim5s weigh+ ne>ly "o ounce2 elliptical-oblong 9 %ape2 m$ium ?9 %ell1 clean1 bright 9 color2 k]nel plump1 sweet & ri*2 quality v be/1 a quick gr[]2 e>ly be>]1 v prolific2 habit ( gr[? l ! ,frots*]1 =m+ a r\nd-head$ tree4 7,catalogue ,j4 ,/eckl] ,se$ ,co41 #aije1 p4 #agb47 ,,nigg]4 ,m$ium1 %ort oval1 ?9 %ell1 full1 excell5t4 7,t4 ,v4 ,munson1 ,f>m & ,ran*1 ,dec4 #c1 #aijd1 p4 #b47 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #h4 ,pab/ ,pecan4 ,,pab/4 ,size l>ge1 #a-e_/h x #g_/h in*es2 oblong cyl9drical2 color dull gray m>k$ ) broad spla%es ( purpli%-black2 base r\nd$2 apex blunt1 f\r-angl$1 groov$2 %ell ( m$ium ?ickness1 #a4bb mm42 p>titions r ?ick2 crack+ quality fair2 k]nel plump1 l>ge1 ?ick ) broad1 %all[ sutures1 second>y sutures %ort1 %all[1 bright yell[ 9 color2 texture f9e2 flavor good2 quality v good4 ,describ$ f specim5s receiv$ f ,wm4 ,a4 ,taylor1 ,unit$ ,/ates ,dep>tm5t ( ,agriculture4 ,! orig9al tree1 accord+ to ,mr4 ,taylor1 is "o ( a numb] ( se$l+s on ! gr\nds ( ! late ,william ,e4 ,s*midt at ,ocean ,spr+s1 ,miss4 ,! orig9al tree is n[ ab\t ?irty ye>s old4 ,q productive & recomm5d$ = plant+ by ^? :o "k x4 ,,pan-,,am]ican4 ,l>ge1 oblong1 ?ick %ell1 full1 be/4 7,t4 ,v4 ,munson1 ,f>m & ,ran*1 ,dec4 #c1 #aijd1 p4 #b47 ,,pe>l4 7,e4 ,e4 ,risi51 ,san ,saba1 ,tex47 ,m$ium size1 ?9 %ell1 sweet k]nel2 no corky gr[? inside4 ,a *oice nut = family use1 b said to be too small = m>ket4 7,?omas' ,am4 ,fruit ,culturi/1 #ba/ ,ed41 #aijc47 ,,pe>l4 ,?is is a v productive pecan1 orig9at$ by ,mr4 ,james4 ,x is di/9ct f ! ,pe>l :i* orig9at$ 9 ,texas4 7,burnette1 ,bul4 ,sec4 ,s]ies1 #fi1 ,la4 ,exp4 ,/ation1 #hgd1 #aijb47 ,,pegram4 ,size m$ium1 #a-a_/b x #g_/h in*es2 oblong2 color light grayi%-br[n m>k$ ) a few purpli%-br[n m>k+s at ! apex2 base r\nd$2 apex blunt1 quadrangul>2 %ell creas$1 r\gh5$1 brittle1 ( m$ium ?ickness1 #a4ae mm42 p>titions m$ium ?ick1 corky2 crack+ quality m$ium2 k]nel plump1 full1 q smoo?1 sutures n>r[ & ( m$ium dep?2 texture firm1 compact1 solid2 flavor sweet & good2 quality good4 ,describ$ f specim5s receiv$ f ,pr(4 ,f4 ,h4 ,burnette1 ,baton ,r\ge1 ,la4 ,orig9at$ by ,s4 ,h4 ,james1 ,m\nd1 ,la4 ,,p]fection4 7,syn43 ,james' ,p]fection47 ,size m$ium1 #a-c_/h x #g_/h in*es2 oblong2 color grayi%-br[n m>k$ well d[n ! sides f ! apex ) purpli%-black spla%es2 base flatt5$1 r\nd$2 apex abrupt1 blunt2 %ell slightly ridg$1 ( m$ium ?ickness1 #a4c mm42 p>titions r ?ick1 corky2 crack+ quality m$ium2 k]nel full1 plump1 br[ni%-yell[1 n>r[ & mod]ately deep1 sutures n>r[1 ( mod]ate dep?1 second>y ones well def9$2 texture fairly solid2 flavor sweet1 good2 quality v good4 ,orig9at$ by ,s4 ,h4 ,james1 ,m\nd1 ,la4 ,,petite4 ,small & plump2 :ite hull2 v desirable4 7,hel5 ,h>c\rt1 ,florida47 ,,presid5t4 ,l>ge1 oblong1 po9t$1 ?9 %ell1 full1 be/4 7,t4 ,v4 ,munson1 ,f>m & ,ran*1 ,dec4 #c1 #aijd1 p4 #b74 ,,primate4 7,w4 ,r4 ,/u>t1 ,ocean ,spr+s1 ,miss47 ,( m$ium size1 sl5d]1 r long2 %ell ?92 quality good2 rip5s 9 ,septemb]1 ?irty days be=e ! o!r nuts4 7,report ,sec4 ,agr41 #ahic1 #bie3 #ahid47 ,,po/4 7,syn43 ,port's ,select 9 "p47 ,size m$ium1 #a-c_/d x #a in*es2 %ort1 obovate1 compress$ on ! upp] half color light br[ni%-yell[1 m>k$ ) a few purpli% spla%es ab\t ! apex2 base r\nd$2 apex blunt1 abruptly %\ld]$2 %ell ( m$ium ?ickness1 #a4ce mm42 p>titions ?ick2 crack+ quality m$ium2 k]nel plump1 bright /raw-color$1 deeply groov$ & wr9kl$1 texture firm1 solid2 flavor sweet1 delicate2 quality good4 ,describ$ f specim5s f ! orig9al tree1 receiv$ f ,wm4 ,a4 ,taylor1 ,u4 ,s4 ,dep>tm5t ( ,agriculture4 ,! orig9al se$l+ tree /&s on ,h4 ,b4 ,freeman's f>m on ! ,colorado riv] bottom1 ,san ,saba c\nty1 ,texas4 ,x took its "n f ,mr4 ,po/1 a =m] own] ( ! place4,f ,,r&all4 7,syn43 ,curtis ,no4 #c47 ,small1 #a-c_/h x #a in*es2 ovate-oblong2 color grayi%-br[n spla%$ ) broad m>ks ( purpli%-br[n1 & cov]$ ) small dots ?r\gh\t2 base r\nd$2 apex abruptly blunt-po9t$2 %ell r\gh1 ( m$ium ?ickness2 crack+ quality v good2 p>titions corky1 ( m$ium ?ickness1 #a4be mm42 k]nel m$ium size1 smoo?1 r\ndi% sutures1 r$di%-yell[ 9 color2 texture firm & compact2 flavor sweet & good2 quality v good4 ,specim5s = description obta9$ ( ,dr4 ,j4 ,b4 ,curtis1 ,orange ,heights1 ,fla4 ,orig9 simil> to ,curtis4 ,,repton4 ,l>ge1 %ell r :iti% "o end r\nd1 ! o!r decid$ly po9t$2 black po9ts2 meat sweet & t5d]2 tree rem>kably beautiful4 ,f "o ,repton tree1 said to be =ty ye>s old1 ov] five hundr$ p\nds ( nuts 7 ga!r$ ! season ( #aijd4 7,hel5 ,h>c\rt1 ,florida ,fruits & ,h[ to ,gr[ ,!m1 #ahhf1 p4 #bab47 ,,rib]a4 ,size above m$ium2 oblong-ovate2 crack+ quality good2 %ell ?92 k]nel plump1 light br[n1 free f ! bitt]1 r$1 corky gr[? :i* adh]es to ! %ell2 meat yell[2 t5d]1 ) ri*1 delicate1 pleasant flavor1 7,report ,sec4 ,agr41 #ahic1 #bie3 #ahid47 ,,risi54 ,l>ge ovate2 quality excell5t4 ,e4 ,k4 ,risi51 ,san ,saba1 ,texas4 7,?omas' ,am]ican ,fruit ,culturi/1 #ba/ ,ed41 #dec1 #aijc47 ,,robson4 ,a m$ium-siz$1 v ?9-%ell$ nut1 oblong ovoid 9 %ape4 ,a comp>atively new v>iety1 b ( consid]able m]it4 7,bacon's ,cat41 #aijd1 p4 #bh47 ,,rome4 7,syn43 ,c5tury1 ,columbia1 ,columbian1 ,mammo?1 ,pride ( ! ,coa/1 ,s\!rn ,giant1 ,tw5tie? ,c5tury47 ,size l>ge to v l>ge1 #a-g_/h x #a to #b x #a in*es2 oblong cyl9drical or cyl9drical ovate2 color grayi%1 dirty1 mu* spla%$ & spott$ ) dirty1 black m>ks sometimes ?r\gh\t2 base r\nd$2 apex abruptly-po9t$1 flatt5$ on two sides2 %ell h>d1 brittle1 ?ick1 #a4f mm42 crack+ quality poor2 p>titions ?ick1 corky2 k]nel frequ5tly %runk51 bright yell[i% 9 color1 sutures ( m$ium dep?1 second>y ones well m>k$1 fuzzy mat]ial (t5 adh]+ to l[] end2 texture co>se1 r dry2 flavor dry1 lack+ 9 "*2 quality fair4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #i ,russell4 ,frankl94 ,k9caid4 ,describ$ f specim5s receiv$ f ,j4 ,/eckl] ,se$ ,co41 ,new ,orleans1 ,la4 ,?is mu*-nam$ v>iety1 accord+ to ,taylor1 0 orig9at$ by ! late ,seba/ian ,rome1 at ,conv5t1 ,/4 ,james ,p>i%1 ,la41 ab\t #ahdj4 ,catalogu$ by ! late ,ri*>d ,frots*]1 "u ! "n ,rome1 9 #ahhe4 ,x _c be recomm5d$ = plant+4 ,,russell4 ,size m$ium to l>ge1 #a-e_/h x #g_/h in*es2 =m ovate1 slightly compress$2 color grayi%-br[n ) small specks & spla%es ( purpli%-black2 base r\nd$1 blunt-po9t$2 apex abruptly slop+2 %ell v ?91 brittle1 4#gd mm42 p>titions v ?93 crack+ quality excell5t2 k]nel usually plump ?\gh sometimes %runk5 at ! base1 sutures broad & %all[2 texture fairly compact2 flavor dry1 sweet2 quality good4 ,describ$ f specim5s receiv$ f ,*as4 ,e4 ,pab/1 ,ocean ,spr+s1 ,miss4 ,! orig9al tree /&s 9 ! y>d ( ,mrs4 ,h4 ,f4 ,russell1 at ,ocean ,spr+s1 & is "o ( a lot ( se$l+s rais$ by ! late ,col4 ,w4 ,r4 ,/u>t1 ab\t #ahge4 ,! tree 0 plant$ :]e x n[ /&s by ,pet] ,mads54 ,x 0 nam$ by ,mr4 ,pab/1 & propagat$ by him 9 #ahid4 ,,russell ,,no4 #a4 ,l>ge1 long-ovoid1 %ell ?91 plump1 good4 7,t4 ,v4 ,munson1 ,f>m & ,ran*1 ,dec4 #c1 #aijd1 p4 #b47 ,,russell ,,no4 #b4 ,v l>ge1 ovoid1 %ell r ?ick1 v good4 7,t4 ,v4 ,munson1 ,f>m & ,ran*1 ,dec4 #crd1 #aijd1 p4 #b47 ,,san ,,saba4 ,size small1 #a-c_/h x #g_/h in*es2 ovate1 slightly compress$ t[>d ! apex2 color bright r$di%-yell[1 m>k$ ) purpli%-br[n spla%es ext5d+ f ab\t ! middle ( ! apex2 %ell v ?9 & brittle2 p>titions ?92 crack+ quality excell5t2 k]nel v plump1 smoo?1 deeply & broadly groov$1 bright /raw-color$1 oval 9 outl9e2 texture solid1 f9e gra9$2 flavor ri*1 sweet1 delicate2 quality excell5t4 ,! ,san ,saba may be reg>d$ z a /&>d ( quality among pecans1 z ! ,seckel is among pe>s4 ,describ$ f specim5s receiv$ f ,e4 ,e4 ,risi51 ,san ,saba1 ,texas4 ,! v>iety 0 introduc$ by ,mr4 ,risi5 ab\t #ahic4 ,! orig9al tree /&s on ! ,san ,saba riv] ne> its int]section ) ! ,colorado riv] 9 ,texas4 ,,s*aif]4 7,syn43 ,kate ,s*aif]47 ,size m$ium1 #a-c_/d x #c_/d in*es2 cyl9drical1 sl5d]2 color light yell[i%-br[n1 m>k$ ) a few n>r[1 purpli% spla%es at ! apex2 base slop+1 po9t$2 apex slop+1 %>p-po9t$2 %ell r ?ick1 #a4ce mm42 p>titions ?ick1 corky2 crack+ quality q good2 k]nel bright yell[i%1 plump1 fill+ ! %ell1 smoo?1 sutures %all[ ( m$ium wid?2 texture f9e gra9$2 flavor sweet1 good2 quality v good4 ,describ$ f specim5s receiv$ f ,pr(4 ,f4 ,h4 ,burnette1 ,baton ,r\ge1 ,la4 ,orig9at$ by ,s4 ,h4 ,james1 ,m\nd1 ,la4 ,said to be prolific4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #aj4 ,! ,s*ley ,pecan4 ,,s*ley4 ,size l>ge1 #a-g_/h x #g_/h x #c_/h in*es2 oblong1 oval1 flatt5$2 color light r$di%-br[n1 m>k$ ) small specks ab\t ! base & small spla%es ( purpli%-br[n ab\t ! apex2 base r\nd$1 abruptly %ort nippl$2 apex abrupt1 flatt5$ on two sides & r %>p po9t$2 %ell brittle1 d5se1 ?91 4#ge mm42 crack+ quality excell5t1 %ell break+ easily & readily sep>at+ f ! k]nel2 k]nel v full & plump1 smoo?1 ) %all[ sutures & almo/ entirely free f wr9kles1 bright light yell[i%-br[n 9 color2 texture v firm2 flavor ri*1 sweet1 nutty2 quality be/2 season e>ly4 ,obta9$ f ,summit ,nurs]ies1 ,monticello1 ,fla4 ,n z prolific z "s v>ieties1 b1 9 po9t ( quality1 unsurpass$4 ,,s5ator4 ,m$ium2 ovate2 %ell & p>titions ?92 k]nel full & plump2 quality excell5t4 ,g4 ,m4 ,bacon1 ,de,witt1 ,ga4 7,hume1 ,bul4 #ed1 ,fla4 ,exp4 ,/ation1 #bjd1 #aijj47 ,,sov]eign4 ,orig91 ,san ,saba1 ,texas4 ,a se$l+ ( ,san ,saba1 gr[n & introduc$ by ,e4 ,e4 ,risi51 ( ,san ,saba1 ,tex4 ,cyl9drical1 m$ium to l>ge1 ) v ?9 %ell & full k]nel ( f9e quality4 ,a new v>iety ( v mu* promise4 7,taylor1 ,wm4 ,a41 ,cyclop$ia ,am4 ,hort41 #abef1 #aija47 ,,/ev5s4 ,nam$ = ,hon4 ,o4 ,b4 ,/ev5s4 ,commission] ( ,agriculture4 ,n v ,l>ge1 b bright1 pretty & neatly %ap$4 ,v ?9 %ell & always full ( nice1 ri* meat1 :e!r ! seasons are wet or dry4 ,trees m$ium bloom]s1 & full be>]s ( nuts uni=m 9 %ape & size4 7,bacon's ,cat41 #aijj47 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #aa4 ,! ,/u>t ,pecan4 ,,/u>t4 7,syn43 ,ca/an]a47 ,size l>ge to v l>ge1 #a-g_/h x #a in*es2 ovate cyl9drical2 color grayi%-br[n spla%$ & dott$ ) purpli%-black2 base r\nd$1 tipp$2 apex blunt1 abrupt1 some:at f\r-angl$2 %ell m$ium 9 ?ickness1 #a4a mm42 p>titions ?92 crack+ quality v good2 k]nel plump1 full1 bright /raw-color$1 sutures mod]ately broad & deep1 second>y sutures n well def9$2 texture solid1 f9e gra9$2 flavor ri*1 sweet2 quality v good4 ,describ$ f specim5s receiv$ f ! ,/u>t ,pecan ,co41 ,ocean ,spr+s1 ,miss4 ,?is v>iety has be5 te/$ & f\nd to succe$ ov] a wide range ( c\ntry4 ,! orig9al tree1,g gr[n f a nut plant$ by ,john ,r4 ,lassabe1 ab\t #ahgd1 /ood 9 ! g>d5 n[ own$ by ,capt4 ,e4 ,ca/an]a1 ,pascag\la1 ,miss4 ,x 0 bl[n d[n 9 ,octob]1 #ahic1 b a new %oot1 n[ 9 be>+1 has sprung up f ! roots4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ab4 ,success ,pecan4 ,,success4 ,size l>ge1 #a-i_/af x #a in*es2 oblong-ovate tap]+ f ne> base to apex2 color light yell[i%-br[n /rongly m>k$ ) purpli%-br[n spla%es ab\t ! apex2 base flatt5$1 r\ndi%2 apex blunt1 f\r-angl$2 %ell ?91 4#ic mm42 crack+ quality v good2 p>titions ?92 k]nel l>ge1 full1 plump1 fill+ ! %ell1 light yell[ 9 color1 sutures broad ( m$ium dep?1 inn] surface wr9kl$1 oval 9 outl9e2 texture firm1 solid1 compact2 flavor sweet1 ri*2 quality v good4 ,! orig9al tree 0 f\nd gr[+ 9 a cr[d$ r[ ( se$l+s plant$ at ,ocean ,spr+s1 ,miss41 by ! late ,w4 ,b4 ,s*midt1 ab\t t5 ye>s previ\sly4 ,! orig9al ,success tree fir/ attract$ att5tion 9 ! fall ( #aija4 ,describ$ f specim5s receiv$ f ,!o4 ,be*tel1 ,ocean ,spr+s1 ,miss4 ,,sweetmeat4 ,size m$ium1 #a-a_/d x #g_/h in*es2 color bright grayi%-br[n m>k$ ) small /reaks ( purpli%-br[n ab\t ! apex2 abruptly blunt2 %ell ?91 4#h mm42 p>titions ( m$ium ?ickness1 corky2 crack+ quality good2 k]nel plump1 full1 light yell[1 sutures broad1 %all[2 texture f9e gra9$1 compact2 flavor sweet2 quality good4 ,describ$ f specim5s receiv$ f ,summit ,nurs]ies1 ,monticello1 ,fla4 ,,texas4 ,q l>ge1 "s v long2 :ite hull2 black po9ts4 7,hel5 ,h>c\rt1 ,florida ,fruits & ,h[ to ,gr[ ,!m1 #ahhf1 p4 #bab47 ,,texas ,,prolific4 ,l>ge1 oblong1 %ell ?91 cream1 clean1 plump1 be/4 7,t4 ,v4 ,munson1 ,f>m & ,ran*1 ,dec4 #crd1 #aijd1 p4 #b47 ,,?omas4 ,size small1 #a-a_/h x #a in*es2 %ort1 r\ndi% oblong2 color br[ni%-gray dott$ ) small specks ?r\gh\t1 m>k$ ) d>k purpli% spla%es f middle to apex2 base r\nd$2 apex abruptly %ort1 po9t$1 nippl$2 %ell ( m$ium ?ickness1 #a4b mm42 p>titions ?ick1 corky1 r$di%2 crack+ quality q good2 k]nel plump1 fill+ ! %ell1 sutures ( m$ium dep?1 n>r[1 texture compact1 f9e gra9$1 solid2 flavor good2 quality good4 ,describ$ f specim5s receiv$ f ,walt] ,?omas1 ,palatka1 ,fla4 ,,turkey ,,egg1 ,,jr4 ,small] & %ort] ?an ! above2 crack+ quality m$ium2 %ell ( m$ium ?ickness2 k]nel plump1 light color$2 t5d]1 oily1 ri*2 good4 7,report ,sec4 ,agr41 #ahic1 #bif3 #ahid47 ,,turkey ,,egg1 ,,sr4 ,l>ge1 long1 po9t$2 crack+ quality v good2 %ell ( m$ium ?ickness2 k]nel long1 plump2 br[ni%-yell[2 sep>ates readily f ! %ell2 meat yell[1 a little t\gh2 n ( highe/ quality4 7,report ,sec4 ,agr41 #ahic1 #bif3 #ahid47 ,,turn]4 ,m$ium2 elliptical oblong2 %ell ?92 p>titions slightly corky2 k]nel plump1 sweet2 quality excell5t4 ,g4 ,l4 ,tab]1 ,gl5 ,/4 ,m>y1 ,fla4 7,hume1 ,bul4 #ed1 ,fla4 ,exp4 ,/ation1 #bjc1 #aijj47 ,,van ,,deman4 7,syn43 ,b\rgeois1 ,dum9ie ,mire1 ,s\!rn ,beauty1 ,p>agon 9 "p47 ,l>ge to v l>ge1 #b-a_/h x #a x #g_/h in*es2 oblong cyl9drical2 color r$di%-br[n ) spla%es & /reaks ( purpli%-br[n2 base slop+1 blunt-po9t$2 apex tap]+1 %>p-po9t$2 %ell ( m$ium ?ickness2 crack+ quality f9e2 p>titions ?ick2 k]nel light br[ni%-yell[1 sutures r deeply & n>r[ly groov$ ) second>y sutures =m+ a m]e l9e2 k]nel f9e gra9$ & compact1 sometimes slack at ! end2 flavor sweet & delicate2 quality v good4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ac4 ,van ,deman ,pecan4 ,specim5s = description obta9$ ( ,dr4 ,j4 ,b4 ,curtis1 ,orange ,heights1 ,fla4 ,! orig9al tree ( ?is v>iety 0 gr[n f a nut plant$ by ! late ,dum9ie ,mire1 ( ,union1 ,/4 ,james ,p>i%1 ,la41 9 #ahcf4 ,! tree /ill /&s1 ?rifty & vigor\s1 be>+ #bjj to #cjj p\nds ( nuts ye>ly4 ,x 0 fir/ widely di/ribut$ by ! late ,col4 ,w4 ,r4 ,/u>t1 ,ocean ,spr+s1 ,miss41 :o gave x ! "n ,van ,deman4 ,previ\sly1 x _h be5 propagat$ & di/ribut$ locally by ! late ,emil ,b\rgeois4,h ,,valsies4 ,report$ by ,ladd ,bros41 ,/onewall1 ,miss41 & li/$ 9 ,nut ,culture 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 ,u4 ,s4 ,dept4 ,agr41 ,div4 ,pomology1 #ahif1 #fd4 ,,will+ham4 ,illu/rat$ 9 ,f>m & ,ran*1 ,vol4 #bc1 ,no4 #di1 ,dec4 #crd1 #aijd1 p4 #a4 ,,"y4 ,m$ium to l>ge1 #a-e_/h x #a in*es2 ovate cyl9drical1 r\nd$ at ! base2 color grayi%-br[n1 spla%$ ) purpli%-br[n m>k+s f c5t] to apex2 base r\nd$2 apex slop+ r abruptly1 nippl$2 %ell brittle1 ?91 4#gf mm42 crack+ quality v good2 p>titions ?92 k]nel full1 plump1 slightly wr9kl$ ) broad & %all[ sutures2 texture fairly solid2 flavor sweet1 ri*1 nutty2 quality v good4 ,obta9$ f ,*as4 ,e4 ,pab/1 ,ocean ,spr+s1 ,miss4 ,orig9at$ by & nam$ = ,b4 ,m4 ,"y1 ,morgan ,city1 ,l\isiana4 ,,hybrid ,,pecans4 ,! pecan appe>s to int]-poll9ate freely ) "s ( ! o!r species ( hickory1 p>ticul>ly ,h4 m9ima1 ,h4 lac9iosa & ,h4 alba4 ,a numb] ( :at are believ$ to be well-m>k$ hybrids ( ! pecan ) ^! diff]5t species h be5 f\nd1 ! mo/ notewor?y ( :i*1 p]haps1 are giv5 bel[3 ,,mccalli/]4 7,syn43 ,floyd47 ,receiv$ f ,o4 ,l4 ,mc,callister1 ,m\nt ,v]non1 ,ind4 ,?is is probably a hybrid4 ,x is ! l>ge/ nut among all ! hickories receiv$ at ?is (fice4 ,! hull is ab\t "o-f\r? ( an in* ?ick :5 dry1 & op5s readily to ! base ) f\r valves4 ,nut #b-a_/h in*es long1 #a-e_/af in*es wide1 & #a-a_/af in*es ?ick2 base broad1 r\nd$2 apex broad1 blunt1 angul>4 ,9 compress$ =m1 9 color ( nut1 also 9 ! angul>ity & ?ickness ( %ell1 x is q simil> to %ellb>k hickory4 ,! k]nel ( a well-fill$ specim5 is 9 color1 consi/5cy & flavor m l a %ellb>k ( high quality ?an a pecan4 ,! tree is report$ to be s simil> to pecan 9 b>k & leaf t x w\ld be impossible to detect ! diff]5ce1 yet ! buds & "y wood m closely resemble %ellb>k4 ,! tree 0 f\nd _m ye>s ago on a f>m n[ own$ by ,mr4 ,mc,callister4 ,! nuts h little pomological value1 z gr[n on ! orig9al tree "s ye>s1 ! k]nel be+ %rivel$ & n fill+ m ?an "o-?ird ( ! space )9 ! %ell2 yet nuts f ! crop ( #ahic h be5 receiv$ at ! ,division ( ,pomology :i* 7 well fill$ ) a k]nel ( v pleasant flavor4 ,possibly x may become m uni=m 9 matur+ fruit 9 ,mississippi or ,texas1 :]e ! season is long] ?an 9 ,indiana4 ,x is well wor? a trial by exp]im5t]s 9 ^? ,/ates4 ,s>g5t gives a %ort description ( ?is nut "u ! "n ,floyd1 & accr$its ! po9ts ( 8 description to ,a4 ,s4 ,full] 9 ,new ,york ,tribune1 weekly edition1 ,july #i?1 #ahib1 & says x is p]haps a hybrid4 7,nut ,culture 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 #ahif1 p4 #fc-d47 ,illu/ration3 7,photo by ,dr4 ,wm4 ,trelease47 ,,fig4 #ad4 ,! ,nussbaum] ,hybrid4 ,,nussbaum]4 ,9 ! ,am]ican ,agriculturi/ = #ahhd1 p4 #edf1 fol41 ,a4 ,s4 ,full] publi%$ an acc\nt ( a suppos$ hybrid betwe5 ?is species & ! pecan1 :i* has be5 call$ ! ,nussbaum] hybrid1 aft] ,j4 ,j4 ,nussbaum]1 ( ,okawville1 ,ill41 :o fir/ br\ght x to ! att5tion ( ,judge ,samuel ,mill]1 ( ,bluffton1 ,mo4 ,mr4 ,nussbaum] writes me t ! orig9al tree1 :i* /&s 9 ! bottom betwe5 ,masc\tah & ,fayetteville1 ,ill41 9 g5]al appe>ance resembles lac9iosa1 ?\gh ! b>k is int]m$iate betwe5 t ( ! ,pecan & ,mock]nut4 ,pr(4 ,s>g5t /ates 7,silva1 vii1 #aeh7 t a small tree gr[n f ?is 9 ,new ,j]sey1 by ,mr4 ,full]1 _c be di/+ui%$ f lac9iosa ( ! same age2 & ,i %\ld h>dly be able to di/+ui% an imp]fect twig f a small tree1 cultivat$ by ,judge ,mill]1 f lac9iosa4 ,! nut1 h[ev]1 is v peculi>1 be+ m elongat$ ?an is usual 9 t species1 & wid5$ upw>dly1 less acutely angl$ z if ! ridges _h be5 s&pap]$ d[n1 & s ?9-%ell$ t x c be cru%$ easily by press+ two toge!r 9 ! palm ( ! h&4 ,a some:at simil> nut1 orig9ally f ,indiana1 0 describ$ by ,mr4 ,full] ,9 ! ,new ,york ,weekly ,tribune1 ,july #i1 #ahib 7,s>g5t's ,silva1 l4c471 z cultivat$ by ,r4 ,m4 ,floyd1 ( ,c$> ,rapids1 ,i[a4 ,& 9 ! autumn ( #ahie1 ,dr4 ,j4 ,s*neck s5t me ample fruit1 twig & leaf specim5s ( a simil> hickory f ,posey c\nty1 ,indiana4 ,! nut ( ?is la/ is almo/ id5tical ) a specim5 ( ! ,nussbaum] nut 9 ! ,englemann h]b>ium1 :ile its twigs closely resemble ^? ( lac9iosa1 & ! leaves are decid$ly ( ! pecan type4 ,i am l$ to ! conclusion1 !re=e1 t ^! sev]al =ms really repres5t hybrids betwe5 ,h4 pecan & ,h4 lac9iosa4 ,9 size1 quality1 & ?9ness ( %ell !y appe> to be ! mo/ valuable ( ,am]ican nuts4 7,trelease1 ,wm41 #g? ,report ,mo4 ,bot4 ,g>d51 #ahif1 pp4 #dj-da47 ,,poo%ee4 ,size small1 #a-a_/d x #g_/h x #c_/d in*es2 ovate1 flatt5$ w$g$1 sutures prom95t2 color dull br[n ) a v few d>k l9es at ! apex2 base r\nd$2 apex flatt5$ abruptly1 %ort po9t$2 %ell m$ium 9 ?ickness1 #a4e mm42 p>titions ?91 #d-;cell$ at base2 k]nel r\nd$ 9 outl9e1 light yell[ 9 color1 sutures broad1 %all[1 halves ind5t$ at base2 surface mu* wr9kl$ & corrugat$2 flavor sweeti%4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ae4 ,h4 ,m9ima & two ( its hybrids1 ,we/brook & ,poo%ee4 ,specim5s ( ?is nut 7 secur$ f ,dr4 ,j4 ,f4 ,wilson1 ,p\lan1 ,ga41 :o receiv$ !m f ,pr(4 ,burgess1 ,clemson ,college1 ,s4 ,c4 ,! nut pres5ts exactly ! same *>act]i/ics z ! ,we/brook1 except 9 flavor & color ( k]nel4 ,x1 too1 is d\btless a hybrid1 ,h4 m9ima x ,h4 pecan4 ,! orig9al tree ( ?is v>iety /&s by or 9 ! old ,rav5el cemet]y1 ne> ,p9opolis1 ,b]kely c\nty1 ,s4 ,c4 ,illu/ration3 ,photo by ,dr4 ,wm4 ,trelease4 ,,fig4 #af4 ,! ,s*neck ,hybrid4 ,,s*neck4 ,9 ! autumn ( #ahid1 ,dr4 ,j4 ,s*neck1 ( ,mt4 ,c>mel1 ,ill41 & ,f4 ,repp]t1 ( ,muscat9e1 ,i[a1 s5t to ! h]b>ium twigs & fruit ( bottom-l& trees t appe> to be hybrids ( ?is species ) ! pecan4 ,! b>k ( ! ,i[a tree is describ$ z be+ mu* l t ( ! ,mock]nut1 :ile ! tree ( ,dr4 ,s*neck is smoo?-b>k$1 resembl+ ! pecan4 ,s f> z ,i h se5 !m1 ! twigs ( bo? might pass = ^? ( alba1 except t ! out] scales ( ! t]m9al buds are p]si/5t1 :ile ! foliage1 ?\gh int]m$iate1 is /rongly sugge/ive ( t ( ! pecan4 ,! fruit is oblong1 almo/ #b in*es long1 ! husk #f mm4 ?ick1 p>t$ ne>ly to ! base1 ) /rongly elevat$ m>g9s to ! segm5ts1 & r p]si/5t on ! tree4 ,! nuts are ne>ly z pale z 9 ! ,%agb>k1 conspicu\sly br[n /rip$1 slightly #d-;cell$ at ! v base1 & ) a wall only #a mm4 ?ick4 ,z is usual 9 ,,alba1 !y are upw>dly att5uate1 & frequ5tly ! k]nel is abortive4 7,trelease1 ,wm41 #g? ,report ,mo4 ,bot4 ,g>d51 #ahif1 pp4 #dd-de47 ,,we/brook4 ,size small1 #a-c_/h x #g_/h in*es2 ovate1 flatt5$1 prom95tly sutur$2 color br[n ) a few indi/9ct br[ni% /reaks close to ! apex2 base r\nd$2 apex w$ge-%ap$1 ridge1 abruptly-po9t$2 %ell r\gh & irregul>1 ?91 #h4e mm42 p>titions r ?91 #d-;cell$ at base2 k]nel r$di%-br[n1 mu* wr9kl$1 sutures ( mod]ate wid? & dep?1 halves divid$ at ! base1 mu* corrugat$ 9 cross section2 flavor decid$ly bitt] & puck]y4 ,! p>5t tree is "o /&+ 9 ! y>d ( ,j4 ,h4 ,we/brook1 ,mt4 ,olive1 ,n4 ,c41 & grew f :at1 to all appe>ances1 0 a pecan nut4 ,! foliage & g5]al aspect ( ! tree closely resembles ! pecan1 ?\gh ! s]rations on ! leaves are co>s] & l>g]4 ,! fruit resembles1 9 _m respects1 t ( ,hicoria m9ima1 &1 9 %ort1 x appe>s to be a well-m>k$ hybrid betwe5 t species & ,hicoria pecan4 ,,footnotes3 ,c ,taylor1 ,wm4 ,a41 ,ye>book1 #aijd4 ,d ,lett] f ,mr4 ,s4 ,h4 ,graves1 dat$ ,june #ai?1 #aijc4 ,e ,! ,nut ,gr[]1 p4 #aai1 ,m>*1 #aijd4 ,f ,taylor1 ,wm4 ,a41 ,ye>book1 ,u4 ,s4 ,dept4 ,agriculture1 #aijd4 ,g ,taylor1 ,wm4 ,a41 ,ye>book1 #aijd4 ,h ,wm4 ,a4 ,taylor1 ,ye>book1 #aijd4 ,,*apt] ,v4 ,,pecan ,,judg+4 ,e gr[] ( ! pecan %\ld be a judge ( pecan nuts1 & ! ideas ( gr[]s1 :ile !y may diff] on c]ta9 m9or po9ts1 %\ld agree on ! m important *>act]s ( ! nut4 ,to enable gr[]s1 nurs]ym5 & judges to "w on a common /&>d ( m]it1 a scale ( po9ts1 9 :i* ea* individual *>act]i/ic ( ! nut may receive a c]ta9 fix$ numb] ( cr$its1 is indisp5sable4 ,at ! second annual meet+ ( ! ,national ,nut ,gr[]s' ,association1 held 9 ,new ,orleans1 ! foll[+ scale ( po9ts = judg+ pecans 0 adopt$3 ,,pecan ,,nuts4 ,ext]nal *>act]s4 ,po9ts4 ,size1 #bj ,=m1 #e ,color1 #e ,%ell *>act]s4 ,?9ness1 #aj ,crack+ quality1 #bj ,k]nel *>act]s4 ,plumpness1 #bj ,color1 #e ,quality1 #ae ----- ,total1 #ajj ,tree4 ,po9ts4 ,vigor1 #aj ,habit1 #aj ,t\ghness1 #aj ,resi/ance to disease1 insects1 #aj ,precocity1 #aj ,uni=mity ( rip5+1 #aj ,productiv5ess1 #dj ----- ,total1 #ajj ,! rat+ ( a v>iety to be det]m9$ by av]ag+ ! rat+ ( nut & tree4 ,,explanatory ,,notes1 ,,"* ,,& ,,condition ,,( ,,samples4 ,all samples submitt$ = judg+ %all be fair av]age samples ( ! crop & n select$ specim5s4 ,!y %\ld he tree-rip5$1 & %\ld be ?or\ghly cur$ be=e judg+4 ,poli%+1 color+ or o!r manipulation to disqualify3 ,size--,! nuts %\ld be l>ge & reasonably uni=m 9 size2 nuts runn+ small] ?an #ajj p] p\nd1 to be disqualifi$4 ,=m--,! nuts %\ld be symmetrical 9 =m & reasonably smoo? ( surface4 ,color--,! %ell %\ld be bright & cle> 9 color )\t excess ( surface m>k+s4 ,?9ness--! %ell %\ld be suffici5tly ?9 9 proportion to size ( nut to cru% readily4 ,crack+ ,quality--,! %ell %\ld be brittle & %\ld sep>ate readily f ! k]nel leav+ x clean & 9 p]fect halves4 ,plumpness--,! k]nel %\ld fill ! %ell & mu/ be smoo?1 ext]nally1 ) solid meat ( f9e & uni=m texture1 free f int]nal cavities & ) high relative weight ( k]nel to %ell4 ,color--,! k]nel %\ld be uni=mly bright & attractive 9 color4 ,quality--,! flavor %\ld be sweet & ri*1 free f bitt]ness or a/r+5ce ( ei!r meat or sk94 ,,"p ,,iii4 ,cultural4 ,,*apt] ,,vi4 ,,propagation ,,( ,,! ,,pecan4 ,! pecan tree is difficult ( propagation by budd+ or graft+4 ,skillful propagators are satisfi$ ) sev5ty-five p] c5t4 ( liv+ buds or grafts1 :ile v _m h to be cont5t ) less4 ,! difficulty is due1 9 "p1 to lack ( skill2 9 "p to lack ( judgm5t 9 select+ good mat]ial ) :i* to "w2 b 9 "s regions x is due to ! attacks ( ! bud-worm1 ,proteopt]yx deludana1 m ?an to any?+ else4 ,! buds are eat5 out & de/roy$ by ?is insect at ! "t !y />t into gr[?4 ,9 c]ta9 sections spr+ work+ ( pecans has be5 ab&on$ entirely ow+ to ! de/ruction wr\ght by ?is pe/4 ,b not)/&+ all ! drawbacks1 pecan trees c be1 %\ld be & are propagat$ 9 l>ge numb]s by budd+ & graft+1 & ! se$l+ is becom+ m & m a ?+ ( ! pa/4 ,,se$l+ ,,vs4 ,,graft$ ,,trees4 ,x is a fact wor?y ( note t ! beg9n+ ( e tree-fruit indu/ry is m>k$ by ! use ( se$l+ trees4 ,9 ! lat] /ages ( ! developm5t ( ! indu/ry ! se$l+1 ow+ to a m intimate k ( its fail+s & %ortcom+s1 gives way to ! graft$,i tree4 ,?is /age has already be5 rea*$ 9 pecan or*>d+4 ,x has be5 /at$ t a c]ta9 p]c5tage ( pecans w\ld produce nuts id5tical ) ^? ( ! p>5t tree4 ,! au?or has yet to f9d ! fir/ in/ance 9 :i* ?is 0 ! case4 ,?is tru? is borne out by ! obs]vations ( o!rs4 ,9 view ( ! fact j /at$1 if a plant] desires to secure a c]ta9 def9ite fix$ v>iety ( pecan1 x c only be done by plant+ graft$ trees4 ,ev5 ?\gh all ! se$l+s 7 ( good size1 yet ! v>iation 9 "t ( rip5+1 quality1 prolificness1 =m & size w\ld be aga9/ !m4 ,take a c]ta9 quantity ( ea* ( a numb] ( our l>ge/ pecans--,/u>t1 ,van ,deman1 ,c5t5nial & ,frots*] = in/ance--mix !m toge!r1 & "u av]age circum/ances ! mix$ lot w sell = less money 9 ! op5 m>ket ?an ! same v>ieties & ! same nuts w\ld if m>ket$ sep>ately4 ,mix$ nuts1 no matt] h[ good ! quality1 _c compete successfully 9 ! m>ket ) a s+le uni=m sample ( ! same or ne>ly ! same quality4 ,graft$ trees w come into be>+ at an e>li] age ?an se$l+s4 ,9 ! case ( se$l+s x is v difficult to say :5 !y w beg9 to be>1 :ile graft$ trees ( ! m precoci\s v>ieties may be expect$ to be> q a little fruit 9 six or eight ye>s f ! "t ( plant+4 ,! great objection to graft$ trees is ! fir/ co/1 & yet1 9 ! face ( t objection1 x is be/ to plant graft$ trees ev5 if few] ( !m are plant$4 ,if graft$ trees are out ( ! "q1 !n plant se$l+s & top-"w !m4 ,gr[ ! se$l+s f nuts if necess>y2 b to ^? :o live 9 sections :]e pecans c be gr[n1 let me say1 plant pecan trees2 plant budd$ or graft$ trees if y c--b plant pecan trees4 ,,pecan ,,/ocks4 ,nurs]y trees are propagat$ entirely on pecan /ocks1 & 9 ! pres5t /ate ( our k1 x is ! be/ /ock to use4 ,x may be t ! pecan w gr[ & ?rive z well on a numb] ( diff]5t species ( hickory1 b def9ite in=mation be>+ on ?is po9t is lack+4 ,hicoria tom5tosa1 ,h4 alba1 & ,h4 aquatica h be5 us$ = /ocks 9 ,nor? ,c>ol9a1 ,florida1 & o!r ,/ates1 ! pecan be+ top-work$ ^u !m4 ,b = ! pres5t1 at lea/1 until our exp]im5tal k is f>!r advanc$1 ! safe/ advice is to use pecan /ock only4 ,too little att5tion on ! "p ( propagators has be5 giv5 to ! k9d1 s\rce & quality ( ! se$ us$ to raise /ocks = propagation "w4 ,! ma9 object held 9 view 9 mak+ a selection = se$ purposes is to get j z _m nuts z possible 9 ! p\nd4 ,! result ( ?is policy is1 t1 )\t "q1 inf]ior se$l+s are (t5 us$ = /ock2 !y lack /am9a & vigor4 ,frequ5tly 9 a nurs]y ( budd$ or graft$ /ocks1 or 9 a "y pecan or*>d1 a wide v>iation 9 ! size & vigor ( ! trees c be notic$4 ,no satisfactory explanation has ev] be5 (f]$1 b !re seems little reason to d\bt t x is due to ! use ( het]og5\s lots ( se$ = /ock purposes4 ,! po9t mu/ be emphasiz$1 t great] c>e %\ld be ex]cis$ 9 ! selection ( ! se$ us$ 9 nurs]y "w4 ,nuts f rapid-gr[+1 vigor\s1 heal?y trees only %\ld be us$4 ,x is be/ to plant 9 spr+ only nuts :i* matur$ ! previ\s autumn4 ,pref]ably ^! nuts %\ld be ( fair or m$ium size = ! v>iety to give ! "y se$l+ a fair />t 9 life4 ,z already po9t$ out 9 reg>d to pecan %ade trees = m nor!rly regions1 s 9 ! case ( pecan nuts = use 9 rais+ /ocks 9 nor!rn sections4 ,x is be/ to secure nuts f trees ne> ! nor!rn limits ( nut production4 ,,/or+ ,,& ,,plant+ ,,se$ ,,nuts4 ,if pecan nuts1 int5d$ = se$ purposes1 are /or$ & kept z nuts ord9>ily are kept1 !y become dri$ out4 ,be=e !y w g]m9ate ! foll[+ spr+ !y mu/ absorb all ! moi/ure lo/ & consid]ably m2 9 consequ5ce ( :i* !y are sl[ 9 />t+4 ,if too ?or\ghly dri$ out1 _m may fail to g]m9ate4 ,to obviate ?is1 & to insure bett] & m prompt g]m9ation1 x is be/ to keep ! se$ nuts 9 moi/ s& or clay dur+ ! w9t] mon?s4 ,procure a suffici5t numb] ( %all[ boxes or trays2 ?ree feet by "o & a half feet by six or eight in*es w answ] nicely4 ,^! are to be us$ 9 /ratify+ ! nuts4 ,! e>? to be us$ %\ld pref]ably be good clean s&1 free f organic matt]1 or1 if ?is _c be secur$1 clay w answ]4 ,place a lay] ( ! e>? ab\t "o in* deep 9 ! bottom ( ! boxes1 !n a s+le lay] ( nuts1 !n a two-in* lay] ( e>?1 & s on 9 alt]nat+ lay]s until ! boxes are fill$4 ,^! %\ld !n be slightly moi/5$ & set aside 9 a %elt]$ place & cov]$ ) p9e /raw1 leaves or /raw4 ,9 spr+1 :5 g]m9ation has j begun 9 ! nuts & ! t9y spr\ts are beg9n+ to appe>1 !y %\ld be plant$ 9 r[s4 ,! gr\nd %\ld be deeply pl[$1 well brok5 up1 pulv]iz$1 & made mod]ately ri*4 ,gr\nd :i* produc$ a heavy crop ( c[peas1 velvet beans or begg>we$ ! previ\s season is excell5t = ! purpose4 ,f>m-y>d manure1 well decompos$ & pl[$ 9 ! autumn previ\s1 is "o ( ! be/ manures to use4 ,! gr\nd %\ld be l9$ (f 9 p]fectly /raight r[s f\r feet ap>t1 runn+ ea/ & we/1 t1 ! buds may be ins]t$ on ! nor? side4 ,! nuts %\ld be plant$ f\r or five in*es deep1 dep5d+ ^u _! size & ! "* ( ! soil4 ,l>ge nuts %\ld be plant$ deep] ?an small ones1 & 9 heavy soils nuts may be plant$ some:at ne>] ! surface ?an 9 light s&y ones4 ,! r[s may be op5$ ) a small turn+ pl[1 or1 = less] areas1 ) a %ovel4 ,place ! nuts1 a foot ap>t1 c>efully 9 ! bottom ( ! furr[1 cov] ) a hoe1 roll ! gr\nd if ! wea!r is dry1 & !n sc>ify ! surface ) a we$] or a light h>r[ to prev5t evaporation ( ! soil moi/ure4 ,or ! gr\nd may be mul*$ ) p9e-/raw1 grass1 leaves or o!r suitable mat]ial4 ,if no mul* is appli$1 !n ! surface ( ! gr\nd ,%\ld be cultivat$ %all[ f "t to "t4 ,"s propagators h adopt$ ! plan1 ) good results1 ( plant+ ! nuts 9 ! nurs]y r[s1 9 late fall4 ,,cultivation ,,( ,,nurs]y ,,se$l+s4 ,f ! "t ! "y %oots beg9 to appe> above ! surface frequ5t %all[ cultivation %\ld be giv54 ,once e t5 days or two weeks is n too (t51 & ! gr\nd %\ld be brok5 to a dep? ( "o in* or s aft] e %[] ( ra94 ,dur+ dry wea!r m frequ5t cultivation1 once e week1 w be well repaid 9 ! additional gr[? & vigor ( ! se$l+s4 ,a good comm]cial f]tiliz]1 analyz+ #e p] c5t4 phosphoric acid1 #f p] c5t4 pota% & #d p] c5t4 nitrog51 may be appli$ to advantage at ! rate ( fifte5 hundr$ or two ?\s& p\nds p] acre4 ,by ! foll[+ autumn1 ! bett] se$l+s w h t5 or twelve in*es ( top1 & two & a half or ?ree feet ( taproot4 ,! foll[+ spr+ "s may he :ip-graft$ at ! cr[n1 & by ,june1 ,july & ,augu/ ( ! same ye> _m ( !m %\ld h atta9$ suffici5t size = budd+4 ,^? :i* are n ( suffici5t size at ?is "t c be work$ ! foll[+ spr+ & summ]4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,iv4 ,a ,pecan ,nurs]y4 ,photo by ,j4 ,f4 ,jones4 ,,! ,,necess>y ,,mat]ials ,,& ,,tools4 ,! mat]ials & tools us$ 9 graft+ & budd+ are3 a graft+ iron1 a mallet1 budd+ knives1 graft+ wax1 /rips ( wax$ clo? & tw9e4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ag4 ,graft+ ,iron4 ,( graft+ irons !re are a numb] ( diff]5t k9ds1 b "o aft] ! g5]al type %[n 9 ,fig4 #ag1 works v well4 ,x w be notic$ t ! blade is curv$ at ! corn]s1 & ! edge in/ead ( be+ /raight is curv$ d[nw>d 9 ! c5t]4 ,?is type ( blade 9 "s measure prev5ts ! bruis+ ( ! b>k :5 splitt+ ! bran* 9 cleft-graft+4 ,su* a graft+ iron may be made by almo/ any blacksmi?4 ,h[ev]1 a good /\t knife may be us$ in/ead4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ah4 ,common ,budd+ ,knife4 ,= use 9 graft+1 an ord9>y budd+ knife1 "o ( :i* is illu/rat$ 9 ,fig4 #ah1 is well nigh indisp5sable4 ,no o!r knife is s well adapt$ to mak+ ! smoo?1 slop+ cuts on ! scions4 ,illu/ration3 ,:ite's ,budd+ ,tool4 ,galbrea?'s ,budd+ ,tool4 ,nelson's ,budd+ ,tool4 ,,plate ,v4 ,"s p]sons c ins]t annul> & v5e] %ield buds rapidly & well ) no?+ b an ord9>y budd+ knife4 ,9 g5]al1 h[ev]1 a budd+ knife hav+ two blades1 plac$ p>allel ) a space ( ?ree-qu>t]s ( an in* or an in* ap>t1 is be/4 ,a v satisfactory knife may be made by fa/5+ ! blades ( two ord9>y budd+ knives on ! sides ( a piece ( wood sev5-eigh?s ( an in* squ>e & f\r in*es 9 l5g?4 ,! blades c be firmly held 9 place by means ( rivets & a piece ( wire w\nd ab\t ! :ole4 ,?ree special budd+ knives1 = use 9 pecan budd+1 h be5 introduc$1 "o by ,mr4 ,h]b]t ,c4 ,:ite1 ( ,de,witt1 ,ga41 "o by ,mr4 ,d4 ,galbrea?1 ( ,new ,orleans1 ,la41 & ! o!r by ,mr4 ,wm4 ,nelson1 ( ,new ,orleans1 ,la4 ,9 ^! knives ! blades are fix$ sev5-eigh?s ( an in*1 "o & "o-eigh? in*1 & ?ree-f\r?s ( an in* ap>t1 respectively4 ,^! make x possible to cut ! buds & ! place :]e !y are to be ins]t$ on ! /ock exactly ! same size1 an ess5tial po9t 9 pecan budd+4 ,!y h n yet come into g5]al use1 al?\gh well recomm5d$ by "s :o h us$ !m4 ,! ,:ite budd+ tool is p>ticul>ly well adapt$ = use 9 top-work+ trees4 ,a good graft+ wax may be made accord+ to a numb] ( diff]5t =mulas4 ,ei!r ( ! foll[+ w be f\nd satisfactory3 ,res9 #f p\nds4 ,i4 ,beeswax #b p\nds4 ,l9se$ ,oil #a p\nd4 ,res9 #d p\nds4 ,,ii4,beeswax #a p\nd4 ,l9se$ ,oil #a p9t4 ,break ! res9 & cut ! beeswax into small pieces4 ,place 9 an iron vessel1 p\r ! oil ov] !m & melt ov] a sl[ fire4 ,/ir slightly to insure _! be+ well mix$ toge!r1 p\r out into a bucket ( cold wat]1 grease ! h&s1 & z soon z ! mass is cool en\gh to h&le1 pull until x becomes light yell[ 9 color4 ,! wax may be made up 9 quantity & /or$ 9 greas$ t9 or wood5 boxes = future use4 ,to prep>e wax$ clo?1 cut ! cotton clo? into pieces ( conv5i5t size1 say eighte5 in*es squ>e1 dip !m d[n into ! melt$ wax1 remove !m ) a c\ple ( /icks & /ret* !m out until cool$4 ,= use1 ! clo? may be torn into /rips ( desir$ wid? & w\nd ab\t a /ick eighte5 in*es or s 9 l5g?4 ,use a little grease to prev5t ! graft+ wax & graft+ clo? f /ick+ to ! h&s4 ,= wax$ tw9e1 procure ,no4 #ah knitt+ cotton & drop ! balls into ! melt$ wax = a m9ute or two or until ! wax p5etrates !m4 ,,selection ,,( ,,scions4 ,great c>e %\ld be ex]cis$ 9 ! selection ( scions = use 9 budd+ & graft+4 ,mu* ( ! imm$iate success ( ! "w dep5ds ^u ! "* ( ! scions1 :ile ! heal? & longevity ( ! future tree may be mat]ially influ5c$ by ! k9d ( wood us$ 9 propagat+ "w4 ,! practice ( tak+ scions & buds f "y trees :i* h nev] borne1 or f nurs]y /uck1 mu/ be /rongly condemn$4 ,!y %\ld be cut only f ?rifty1 vigor\s1 prolific trees4 ,ev5 trees ( ! same v>iety diff] 9 ^! ?+s1 & a ?or\gh k ( :at a tree w d & has done is ! only true guide 9 ! selection ( scions4 ,x is a well-kn[n fact t desirable qualities c be reproduc$ & p]petuat$ by graft+4 ,illu/ration3 ,f ,bul4 #eg1 ,florida ,exp4 ,/a4 ,,fig4 #ai4 ,scions3 #a-c1 ,curtis2 #d-f1 ,van ,deman2 #g-h1 ,/u>t4 #a4 ,poor ,scions--long1 sl5d]1 pi?y4 #b1d1e1g1h4 ,scions f "o ye>'s gr[?4 #c4 ,scion1 p>tly "o1 p>tly two ye>s old4 #f4 ,scion ) cut1 back ( tip4 #h4 ,scion :i* bore fruit at a4 ,grafts %\ld be select$ f well-matur$ bran*es ( "o ye>'s gr[?4 ,fig4 #ai1 ,no4 #a1 %[s an undesirable scion4 ,! wood is angul>1 small1 ! int]nodes long1 & ! pi? l>ge 9 proportion to ! diamet]4 ,ei!r t]m9al portions ( twigs may be us$ or portions back ( ! tip1 b ! buds %\ld always be well develop$1 full & plump--,fig4 #ai1 ,nos4 #b to #f4 ,= ?is reason grafts %\ld n be cut f wood f> back f ! tip ( ! bran*4 ,z /at$1 twigs ( ! previ\s season's gr[? are g5]ally us$1 b scions compos$ p>tly ( two-ye>-old wood may be us$1 provid$ ! gr[? is n too l>ge4 ,fig4 #ai1 ,no4 #c1 %[s "o ( ^!4 ,grafts are g5]ally cut ab\t five or six in*es long1 & %\ld be f "o-qu>t] to ?ree-eigh?s ( an in* 9 ?ickness4 ,x is be/ t ! grafts be cut :ile /ill 9 a dormant /ate1 & ins]t$ 9 ! /ock j be=e ! gr[? />ts4 ,! scions may be kept = a consid]able l5g? ( "t by plac+ !m1 loosely pack$1 9 damp moss or sawdu/1 9 a box4 ,! box %\ld be cov]$ ov] ) e>? & ! scions kept suffici5tly moi/ to prev5t dry+ out4 ,= bud /icks1 well develop$ "o-ye>-old bran*es1 "o-half to sev5-eigh?s ( an in* 9 diamet]1 & on :i* ! buds are well =m$1 may be us$4 ,su* /icks frequ5tly %[ ?ree buds at a node1 & if "s mis=tune %\ld ov]take "o or two ( ^!1 !re is /ill a *ance ( success1 ?\gh ! upp] "o be+ ! /ronge/ is g5]ally ! "o :i* />ts1 provid$ x is un9jur$ & ! bud takes4 ,! degree ( maturity ( ! bud is important1 & c>e %\ld be ex]cis$ t only ^? :i* are plump1 full & well develop$1 are us$4 ,z soon z remov$ f ! tree all bud /icks & grafts %\ld be wrapp$ 9 damp newspap]s to prev5t dry+ out4 ,,"t4 ,grafts %\ld be ins]t$ 9 spr+ j be=e or at ! "t gr[? />ts4 ,buds may be ins]t$ any "t dur+ ! p]iod :5 ! b>k w slip readily4 ,la/ ye>'s dormant buds may be ins]t$ e>ly 9 ! season1 or buds ( ! curr5t season's gr[? may be us$ dur+ ! latt] "p ( ,july & ! mon? ( ,augu/1 at :i* "t !y h become fully matur$ 9 ! s\!rnmo/ p>ts ( ! ,gulf ,/ates4 ,! "t may ev5 be ext5d$ into ,septemb]4 ,v _m ( ^! late-ins]t$ buds rema9 dormant dur+ w9t] & beg9 gr[? 9 spr+4 ,,budd+4 ,annul> ,budd+4--,a r+ ( b>k ab\t "o in* 9 l5g? is remov$ f ! /ock4 ,a bud /ick ( ! same size is select$1 & f x a simil> r+ ) a good bud on x is remov$ by cutt+ ar\nd ! bud /ick & slitt+ d[n ! back or side opposite ! bud4 ,?is bud is !n plac$ 9 position on ! /ock4 ,aft] ! buds are 9 place1 a piece ( /iff wrapp+ pap] %\ld be ti$ ar\nd ! /ock j above ! bud & all[$ to fl>e out ov] ! bud to protect x f ! sun & w9d4 ,pref]ably all buds %\ld be ins]t$ on ! nor? side4 ,illu/ration3 ,f ,bul4 #eg1 ,florida ,exp4 ,/a4 ,,fig4 #bj4 ,annul> ,budd+4 #a4 ,/ock prep>$ = bud4 #b4 ,bud4 #c4 ,bud 9 place & ti$4 ,/ocks f ?ree-eigh?s to ?ree-qu>t]s ( an in* may be work$ by ?is me?od4 ,v5e] ,%ield-,budd+4 7,pat* ,budd+74 ,?is me?od diff]s f ! la/ only 9 t ! piece ( b>k remov$ f ! /ock & ! piece ) ! bud atta*$ are n complete r+s1 b only p>ts4 ,a rectangul> or ev5 a triangul> piece ( b>k is tak5 out ( ! /ock1 a simil> piece ) a bud 9 its c5t] tak5 f ! bud /ick is fitt$ 9 its place & wrapp$ 9 ! usual way4 ,illu/ration3 ,f ,bul4 #eg1 ,florida ,exp4 ,/a4 ,,fig4 #ba4 ,v5e] ,%ield-,budd+4 ,mr4 ,george ,w4 ,oliv]1 ( ! ,bureau ( ,plant ,indu/ry1 ,wa%+ton1 ,d4 ,c41 has describ$,j a modifi$ me?od ( v5e] %ield-budd+1 :i* has giv5 good satisfaction 9 8 h&s4 ,in/ead ( remov+ ! pat* f ! /ock1 x is slit d[n ! c5t] f top to bottom & ! edges are lift$ back1 ! buds ins]t$ b5ea? & ! side flaps are !n ti$ d[n ov] x4 ,he has also f\nd t dormant buds ( la/ ye>'s gr[? give bett] results ?an buds ( ! curr5t season4 ,! use ( ^! buds has n1 h[ev]1 come into g5]al use2 fir/1 because ( ! l>ge am\nt ( wood :i* mu/ be de/roy$ to secure !m2 & second1 because 9 ^? sections :]e bud-worms are preval5t1 _! l>v are to be f\nd clu/]$ ab\t ! buds until q late 9 ! season & make _! attack z soon z ! bud />ts to gr[4 ,mr4 ,e4 ,w4 ,kirkpatrick1,k ,mc,kinney1 ,texas1 describ$ a me?od successfully us$ by him1 z foll[s3 ,we prep>e ! /ock to receive ! bud by cutt+ out a section ( b>k & wood z %[n 9 ,fig4 #bb4 ,! bud is cut f ! scion 9 ! same way ! cut on ! /ock is made4 ,x %\ld be ab\t ! same l5g?1 wid?1 ?ickness & %ape ( ! b>k remov$ f ! /ock 7see ,fig4 #bb71 s t ! bud w fit ! /ock4 99 99 99 99 ,! bud %\ld be firmly ti$ until gr[? beg9s1 usually ab\t tw5ty-five days1 :5 ! /r+ %\ld be cut & ! /ock also cut j above ! bud4 99 99 99 ,all %oots mu/ be kept rubb$ (f s z to give ! buds ! "r ( way4 ,! small buds ab\t ! base ( ! scions or ^? on ! two-ye>-old wood are pref]r$4 ,:]e ! buds are small & 9 a clu/]1 sev]al may be includ$ 9 "o set & ! ?9n+ done aft] ! gr[? />ts4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bb4 ,*ip ,budd+4 ,bud cut2 ,incision made2 ,bud 9 place4 ,,graft+4 ,cleft ,graft+4 ,hav+ select$ ! bran* = cleft graft+ & ! po9t at :i* ! scions are to be ins]t$1 ! bran* %\ld be c>efully & smoo?ly cut (f4 ,! limb is !n split by us+ ! graft+ iron4 ,if rapid "w is to be done1 grafts %\ld be prep>$ be=eh& & c>ri$ to ! field1 wrapp$ 9 damp pap]4 ,9 prep>+ ! scion1 a slop+ cut %\ld be made ab\t "o & "o-half in*es long1 cutt+ into ! pi? f a po9t "o-half way up ! cut d[n to ! l[] end4 ,on ! opposite side1 ! cut %\ld n be made to t\* ! pi?1 b %\ld be conf9$ to woody tissue ?r\gh\t its :ole l5g?4 ,! knife %\ld h a ke51 %>p edge4 ,! cut %\ld be clean1 smoo? & /raight1 & ! scion %\ld be left wid] on ! out] side4 ,/>t ! cuts on ea* side (1 & j at a bud1 z %[n 9 ,fig4 #bc4 ,hav+ made ! cleft1 x is op5$ ) ! w$ge on ! end ( ! graft+ iron & ! scion is plac$ 9 position4 ,! cambium lay]s %\ld be 9 contact4 ,slip ! scion well d[n until ! :ole ( ! cut surface is )9 ! cleft4 ,if ! /ock is l>ge en\gh ins]t two scions4 ,aft] ins]t+ ! scion x %\ld be firmly held 9 place by b9d+ ! /ocks ) /rips ( wax$ clo?1 aft] :i* a cov]+ ( wax may be plac$ ov] ! clo?4 ,! cut end ( ! /ock %\ld be cov]$1 & if ! scion be o!r ?an a t]m9al %oot1 its di/al end %\ld be wax$ also4 ,illu/ration3 ,bul4 #eg1 ,fla4 ,exp4 ,/a4 ,,fig4 #bc4 ,cleft ,graft+4 #a4 ,scion4 #b4 ,scion ins]t$ ready = ty+4 #c4 ,/ock %[+ cleft4 ,illu/ration3 ,bul4 #eg1 ,fla4 ,exp4 ,/a4 ,,fig4 #bd4 ,:ip ,graft+4 #a4 ,/ock %[+ cut4 #b4 ,scion4 #c4 ,/ock & ,scion ready = b&age4 ,:ip ,graft+4 ,bran*es1 :i* are to be work$ by :ip graft+1 %\ld be less ?an "o in* 9 diamet]4 ,! me?od is illu/rat$ 9 ,fig4 #bd4 ,a slop+ cut1 an in* & a half long1 is made diagonally across ! /ock4 ,a correspond+ cut is made on ! scion1 a tongue is rais$ ab\t ! c5t] ( ea* cut by mak+ ano!r cut ) ! budd+ knife held almo/ p>allel to ! sides ( ! wood4 ,! tongue is rais$ a little on bo? /ock & scion & ! two are %ov$ toge!r4 ,!y %\ld be securely b\nd ) a /rip ( wax$ clo?1 & a lay] ( wax %\ld be spread ov] ! :ole1 cov]+ up all ! cut surfaces to ! exclusion ( wat]1 air & ! g]ms ( decay4 ,illu/ration3 ,photo by ,j4 ,f4 ,jones4 ,,fig4 #be4 ,"o ye> ,pecan 9 fruit4 ,unusual2 due to be>+ wood be+ us$ z a scion4 ,! scion & /ock are pref]ably *os5 ( ne>ly ! same size1 b a scion some:at small] ?an ! /ock may be us$1 9 :i* case ! cambium lay]s along "o side ( ! surfaces 9 contact %\ld be plac$ opposite ea* o!r1 & ! project+ portion ( ! /ock trimm$ (f4 ,,aft]-,,c>e4 ,9 f t5 days to ?ree weeks1 ! buds %\ld unite4 ,!y %\ld be exam9$1 & if union--indicat$ by ! full1 plump condition ( ! buds or ! comm5cem5t ( gr[?--has tak5 place1 ! wrapp+s %\ld be remov$4 ,if gr[? has />t$1 ! /ock %\ld be cut (f or lopp$ j above ! ins]tion ( ! bud1 9 ! case ( budd$ trees4 ,f "t to "t ! trees %\ld be exam9$1 & all spr\ts :i* might rob ! bud ( sap1 !reby prev5t+ its gr[?1 %\ld be rubb$ (f4 ,,footnotes3 ,i ,! t]m graft$1 z "h us$1 embraces budd$ trees z well4 ,j ,bullet9 #cj1 ,bureau ,plant ,indu/ry1 ,u4 ,s4 ,dept4 ,agr41 #aijb4 ,k ,f>m & ,ran*1 ,dec4 #c1 #aijd4 ,,*apt] ,,vii4 ,,top-,,work+ ,,pecans4 ,_m ( ! pecan trees plant$ 9 groves h n fulfill$ ! hopes ( _! plant]s4 ,^! trees1 rais$ f l>ge select$ nuts1 = :i* ! plant]s paid a doll> or m p] p\nd1 h n come true to se$4 ,"s are irregul>1 %y be>]s2 o!rs1 :5 !y d condesc5d to produce a few nuts1 be> small-siz$1 inf]ior nuts1 n l>g] ?an ord9>y play+ m>bles1 :ile "s produce a l>ge crop ( good m>ketable nuts4 ,"s are unheal?y1 subject to ! attacks ( scab & rosette4 ,x goes )\t say+ t su* pecan plant+s are unpr(itable4 ,:at is to be done ) !m8 ,briefly1 ?is3 ,cut out & de/roy1 root & bran*1 ^? affect$ by rosette1 ^? :i* are unheal?y1 & top-"w ! rema9d] ( ^? :i* d n produce a suffici5t quantity ( m>ketable nuts ( good quality4 ,top-work+ may be pr(itably appli$ to ano!r class ( trees--pecan trees 9 _! native woods & ?ickets1 & 9 "s cases hickories1 viz43 ,hicoria tom5tosa1 ,h4 alba1 & ,h4 aquatica1 may be top-work$4 ,our k is n suffici5tly advanc$ 9 reg>d to top-work+ on hickory to w>rant u 9 mak+ any v /rong recomm5dations1 b ! au?or has se5 a l>ge numb] ( pecans work$ on hickory1 a few ( :i* 7 9 be>+1 & all appe>$ heal?y & vigor\s4 ,!re is no good reason :y hickories _c be top-work$ to advantage1 & ! delights ( amateur ef=ts along ?is l9e w amply repay ! attempt4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,vi4 ,a two ye> top-work$ ,pecan tree4 ,v>iety1 ,van ,deman4 ,aga91 se$l+ trees may be gr[n or pur*as$ & set out 9 or*>d =m4 ,:5 ^! h gr[n to an in* or s 9 diamet] & h develop$ sev]al bran*es1 !y may be top-work$4 ,?is me?od ( secur+ a pecan or*>d is some:at sl[1 & is op5 to ! objection t ! buds or grafts frequ5tly fail to take1 & 9 consequ5ce ! task ( top-work+ ext5ds ov] a numb] ( ye>s1 result+ 9 trees ( irregul> size & %ape4 ,b by ?is plan a plant+ ( desirable v>ieties c be secur$ at little exp5se1 & provid$ "t is n a consid]ation1 ! plan w prove q satisfactory inde$4 ,,me?ods ,,( ,,op]ation4 ,x is be/ to ins]t bo? buds & grafts 9 p>ts hav+ smoo? b>k1 ?\gh grafts c be plac$ 9 r\gh b>k$ p>ts z well4 ,frequ5tly trees are 9 a v undesirable condition = top-work+1 & x %\ld be borne 9 m9d t ^? bran*es ne>e/ ! c5t] ( ! tree w give ! mo/ satisfactory result 9 ! rapid gr[? ( buds ins]t$ 9 !m4 ,if ! tree is n 9 good %ape = work+--i4 e41 if no bran*es ( desirable size & age are f\nd 9 conv5i5t places--! tree %\ld be p>tially trimm$ to a poll>d1 cutt+ "s ( ! ma9 bran*es back to /ubs1 & :5 %oots h />t$ f ^! !y may be graft$ or budd$4 ,9 f six to twelve mon?s f ! "t buds h />t$ f ! bran*es ?us cut back1 "u av]age conditions ! new %oots w h gr[n to suffici5t size to p]mit ( _! be+ budd$ or graft$4 ,! be/ "t to prune back trees to />t new %oots = top-work+ is e>ly 9 ! mon? ( ,m>*4 ,9 remov+ l>ge bran*es !re is always dang] ( splitt+1 because ( ! weight ( ! heavy bran*es4 ,?is may be entirely obviat$ by saw+ upw>d f ! "u side ( ! bran* z f> z possible1 !n cutt+ f ! upp] side d[nw>d4 ,a bran* w split (f & drop )\t injury to ! rema9+ p>ts4 ,all cut surfaces %\ld be well cov]$ ) :ite lead pa9t to prev5t decay4 ,! me?od ( proc$ure dep5ds ^u ! size & age ( ! tree & :e!r ! tree is to be budd$ or graft$4 ,9 top-work+ old trees1 only a portion ( ! bran*es %\ld be work$ at "o "t4 ,if ! :ole top be remov$ at once1 ! tree suff]s a sev]e %ock4 ,two or ?ree ye>s are necess>y to top-"w a l>ge tree1 a half or a ?ird ( ! top be+ work$ ea* ye>4 ,if ! trees are ( small size1 ! :ole top may be remov$ at "o "t4 ,,c>e ,,( ,,top-,,work$ ,,trees4 ,= sev]al mon?s aft] ! new top has comm5c$ to gr[1 ! scions h b a slight hold ^u ! /ock4 ,! leaf surface is (t5 s l>ge t a slight w9d may twi/ !m (f4 ,to prev5t ?is1 a numb] ( bran*es may be ti$ toge!r1 or !y may be fa/5$ to /ubs ( bran*es left tempor>ily4 ,po/s may be driv5 into ! gr\nd close to ! gr[+ scions1 to :i* !y may be ti$4 ,use s(t b&ages & burlaps4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,vii4 ,an old ,pecan tree ,top-work$ 9 ! bran*es4 ,,*apt] ,,viii4 ,,soils ,,& ,,_! ,,prep>ation4 ,! pecan succe$s on su* a wide range ( soils1 t x is really easi] to li/ ^? on :i* x %\ld n be set ?an x is to enum]ate ^? on :i* x may be plant$4 ,( ! soils n adapt$ to x1 deep s&y l&s1 soils und]laid ) quicks& close to ! surface1 soils ) h>dpan subsoil1 wet1 s\r1 poorly-dra9$ l&s1 & /iff1 pa/y clays1 may be m5tion$ p>ticul>ly4 ,if pecans are plant$ on l& ) a quicks& subsoil1 ! roots are unable to make _! way d[nw>d ?r\gh ! quicks&4 ,s f> z be+ able to take a d[nw>d direction is conc]n$1 !y might z well be plant$ on top ( a plate ( metal4 ,! writ] once plant$ a few nuts on su* a soil1 to see :at !y w\ld d4 ,at ! end ( ?ree ye>s ! tops 7 ab\t two feet 9 height2 ! taproot1 :ile ?ick & /ocky1 0 n m ?an six in*es long4 ,x /opp$ abruptly aft] num]\s ef=ts to p5etrate ! quicks&4 ,9 normally develop$ trees ( ! same age1 ! taproot w\ld h be5 ?ree or f\r feet long4 ,! same objections hold aga9/ soils und]laid ) a h>d1 imp]vi\s lay]4 ,:ile ! pecan is at home on ri*1 alluvial riv] bottoms subject to ov]fl[1 yet x w n gr[ successfully on damp1 soggy l&s4 ,x %\ld n be plant$ on su* soils unless !y c be well dra9$1 & n !n until !y h be5 lim$ & cultivat$ = "s "t to c\nt]act ! acidity ( ! l&4 ,we c def9itely say t ! pecan w d well on alluvial riv] bottoms1 on s&y1 loamy soils ) a clay or s&y-clay f\ndation1 on s&y-clay l&s ) clay pr$om9at+1 on ! flat woods s&y l&s s common 9 ! s\!a/]n ,gulf ,/ates1 & on ! high] upl&s :]e hickory1 dogwood1 holly & oak ab\nd4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bf4 ,pecan ,tree gr[n on quicks&4 ,note ! taproot4 ,x is a fact wor?y ( note1 h[ev]1 t on extremely ri* soils1 ! pecan w make wood gr[? at ! exp5se ( fruit1 :ile on l&s conta9+ less f]tility1 less gr[? is develop$ ) a proportionately l>ge am\nt ( fruit4 ,*oose n ! poore/ soil by any means1 b a good1 s&y loam 9 :i* !re is a consid]able am\nt ( humus4 ,a subsoil conta9+ a v consid]able am\nt ( clay is to be pref]r$1 by all means1 = su* a soil1 ) intellig5t managem5t1 w ga9 rapidly 9 f]tility4 ,,prep>ation4 ,! prep>ation ( ! soil %\ld be complete & ?or\gh4 ,x may be /at$1 z an axiomatic tru?1 t ! soil _c be prep>$ = trees z well aft] !y are plant$ z x c be=e1 & no?+ is to be ga9$ by plant+ ! trees 9 poorly prep>$ l&4 ,bett] by all means to sp5d a ye> or m 9 gett+ ! l& 9 %ape4 ,if ! l& is cov]$ ) a gr[? ( timb]1 ?is %\ld be cle>$ away & ! gr\nd cultivat$ = a ye> at lea/ be=e ! trees are set4 ,corn is probably ! be/ crop to gr[ on new l&1 & at ! la/ work+ c[peas %\ld be s[$4 ,on fairly good l& ?is w be suffici5t1 b on poor] gr\nd ! l& %\ld be cont9u$ 9 cultivation ano!r ye>1 s[+ x d[n 9 begg>we$1 c[peas1 soja beans1 or velvet beans4 ,^! crops %\ld be pl[$ into ! soil 9 autumn or e>ly w9t]1 aft] !y are dead & dry4 ,on l&s :i* h be5 cultivat$ = "s "t1 ^! same crops %\ld be s[$ = "o season previ\s to plant+1 at lea/4 ,e ef=t %\ld be made to insure a good /& & a good gr[?4 ,inoculation ( ! se$ ) nitrog5-ga!r+ g]ms w help1 & a good f]tiliz]1 su* z ! "o recomm5d$ = ^! crops else:]e1 %\ld be appli$4 ,no?+ w insure a good gr[? 9 ! "y trees s well z ! nitrog5 & humus add$ to ! soil by legum9\s crops4 ,/able manure may also be us$ to advantage4 ,! gr\nd %\ld be deeply & ?or\ghly brok5 ) a two-horse pl[4 ,9 _m cases ! soil conditions w be greatly improv$ by ! use ( a subsoil pl[1 runn+ x aft] ! ord9>y pl[ s z to break & loos5 ! soil to a dep? ( twelve or fifte5 in*es1 or ev5 m4 ,,*apt] ,,ix4 ,,:at ,,v>ieties ,,to ,,plant4 ,:at v>ieties %all ,i plant8 ,an easy "q to ask--a difficult "o to answ]2 =1 ?\gh ! "o attempt+ a reply may "k some?+ ( v>ieties1 _! size1 quality & prolificness1 !re is always an unkn[n p]sonal equation ent]+ into ! problem4 ,e v>iety ( importance has its advocates4 ,if a man has a pref]5ce = a c]ta9 v>iety1 & is int]e/$ 9 x1 let him plant t v>iety l>gely4 ,he w be likely to give x bett] c>e & att5tion ?an he w a v>iety = :i* he has no p>ticul> lik+ or = "o :i* he may reg>d ev5 ) disfavor4 ,! "q ( adaptation ( v>ieties to c]ta9 localities is an extremely important "o4 ,a v>iety :i* may d well 9 a c]ta9 /ate or region1 may n succe$ 9 ano!r2 & on ! o!r h&1 "s v>ieties may be gr[n almo/ any:]e4 ,to answ] que/ions ( ?is sort1 "o mu/ h an intimate k ( v>ieties 9 _! local adaptations4 ,two ( ! wor/ faults :i* a v>iety may h are p>tial b>r5ness or %y be>+ & poor fill+ quality4 ,9 ?is la/ respect ! wor/ s9n]s are ! l>g] v>ieties1 & 9 po9t ( fill+ quality1 m$ium & small-siz$ v>ieties w1 9 ne>ly all cases1 be f\nd to h ! greate/ range ( adaptability4 ,! l>g] v>ieties are m likely to succe$ on ri* l&s :]e ! ra9fall1 p>ticul>ly dur+ ! summ] mon?s1 is great4 ,aga91 all v>ieties are n equally h>dy1 & "s may n rip5 _! wood & fruit e>ly en\gh 9 autumn to avoid late kill+ fro/s4 ,su* v>ieties %\ld n be select$ = plant+ 9 sections :]e !re is dang] ( su* injury1 viz3 pr9cipally along ! m nor!rly outskirts ( ! pecan area4 ,9 su* regions1 e>ly v>ieties %\ld be plant$1 = e>ly rip5+ ( fruit & wood usually g toge!r 9 ! pecan4 ,_m v>ieties are late 9 com+ into be>+2 o!rs beg9 to be> :ile q "y4 ,?is diff]5ce 9 precocity is wor?y ( consid]ation4 ,o!r ?+s be+ equal1 ^? v>ieties :i* beg9 to be> e>ly & are prolific1 %\ld by all means be giv5 ! pref]5ce4 ,9 addition to sett+ out an or*>d ( :at he believes to be ! be/ v>ieties = 8 section1 or :i* exp]i5ce has taught to be ! be/1 ! gr[] %\ld1 if he is ?or\ghly int]e/$ 9 8 "w1 plant a tree or two ( a numb] ( o!r diff]5t k9ds to te/ _! m]its & to le>n some?+ ( _! *>act]i/ics4 ,,v>ieties ,,recomm5d$ ,,= ,,diff]5t ,,sections4 ,! foll[+ recomm5dations h be5 made by gr[]s & o!rs 9 diff]5t p>ts ( ! ,s\?4 ,^! may be *ang$ ) ! k :i* "t alone w br+2 b !y repres5t ! be/1 mo/ accurate & up-to-date k :i* c be giv5 at ?is "t3 ,,virg9ia1 ,,nor? ,,c>ol9a1 ,,s\? ,,c>ol9a4--,9 ^! ,/ates ! diff]5t nam$ v>ieties h n be5 gr[n & fruit$ long en\gh to w>rant any v /rong recomm5dations1 ,pab/1 ,/u>t & ,jewett h be5 plant$ 9 s\!a/]n ,nor? ,c>ol9a & h succe$$1 b on ! :ole1 = ! entire region ( ^! ?ree ,/ates1 ! mo/ satisfactory & /aple progress 9 pecan culture w probably come f ! introduction ( local v>ieties ( m]it4 ,,georgia4--,dr4 ,j4 ,f4 ,wilson1 ,secret>y ,national ,nut ,gr[]s' ,association1 ,p\lan1 ,ga41 has select$ 8 v>ieties = t section z foll[s3 ,/u>t1 ,s*ley1 ,van ,deman1 ,georgia & ,frots*]4 ,h]b]t ,c4 ,:ite1 horticulturi/1 ,g4 ,m4 ,bacon ,pecan ,co41 ,de,witt1 ,ga41 says t ,georgia & ,/u>t are ! be/ ( ! v>ieties ?us f> te/$4 ,j4 ,b4 ,wight1 ,cairo1 ,ga41 believes 9 plant+ ,frots*] pr9cipally 9 8 section4 ,,florida4--,pr(4 ,h4 ,k4 ,mill]1 ,monticello1 ,fla41 believes 9 plant+ ,s*ley1 ,dewey1 ,l\isiana1 ,frots*]1 ,/u>t1 ,russell1 ,pab/1 ,van ,deman & ,sweetmeat4 ,james ,a4 ,be>1 ,palatka1 ,fla41 reports t ,frots*]1 ,/u>t1 ,van ,deman1 ,curtis & ,money-mak] are do+ well = "y trees1 :ile ,rome & ,c5t5nial h n prov$ satisfactory4 ,dr4 ,j4 ,b4 ,curtis1 ,orange ,heights1 ,fla41 recomm5ds ,curtis1 ,frots*] & ,van ,deman1 ^! hav+ prov$ mo/ fruitful 9 8 or*>d4 ,j4 ,h4 ,gir>deau1 ,monticello1 ,fla41 reg>ds ,van ,deman1 ,frots*]1 ,pab/1 ,cl>ke & ,s*ley z good v>ieties4 ,s4 ,h4 ,graves1 ,ga9esville1 ,fla41 says3 ,curtis1 ,/u>t1 ,van ,deman1 ,dalzell1 ,l\isiana1 ,bolton & ,frots*] are adapt$ "h1 & h prov5 good fruit]s4 ,f /udy & obs]vation ,i w\ld supplem5t ?is li/ ) ,james1 ,money-mak]1 ,success1 ,russell1 ,robson & ,s*ley4 ,j4 ,f4 ,jones1 ,monticello1 ,fla41 recomm5ds ,/u>t1 ,van ,deman1 ,frots*] & ,s*ley1 emphasiz+ ! fir/ z a comm]cial v>iety1 & ! la/-nam$ z an excell5t v>iety = ! ,fancy trade4 ,,alabama4--,pr(4 ,r4 ,s4 ,mc,intosh1 ,auburn1 ,ala41 believes ,/u>t1 ,van ,deman1 ,pab/1 ,c5t5nial & ,s*ley to be good v>ieties = ,alabama4 ,,mississippi4--,!o4 ,be*tel1 ,ocean ,spr+s1 ,miss41 says3 ,my selection at pres5t = ?is section w\ld be 9 ! ord] nam$--,success1 ,/u>t1 ,pab/1 ,frots*]1 ,russell & ,van ,deman4 ,*as4 ,e4 ,pab/1 ,ocean ,spr+s1 ,miss41 recomm5ds ,/u>t1 ,pab/1 ,russell1 ,success1 ,van ,deman & ,rome4 ,/u>t ,pecan ,co41 ,ocean ,spr+s1 ,miss41 recomm5ds ,/u>t1 ,van ,deman & ,russell4 ,pr(4 ,h4 ,e4 ,van ,deman recomm5ds ,/u>t1 ,van ,deman1 ,money-mak] & ,pab/ = ! ,l[] ,mississippi ,valley4 ,,l\isiana4--,s4 ,h4 ,james1 ,m\nd1 ,la41 has f\nd ,money-mak]1 ,/u>t1 ,van ,deman & ,pab/1 9 ! ord] nam$1 be/ = 8 section4 ,he says t ,money-mak] is extremely h>dy1 hav+ )/ood #bj bel[ z]o 9 ,ill9ois1 )\t injury4 ,wm4 ,nelson1 ,new ,orleans1 ,la41 /rongly recomm5ds ,frots*] & ,c5t5nial = 8 section4 ,b4 ,m4 ,"y1 ,morgan ,city1 ,la41 is plant+ ,/u>t1 ,russell & ,"y = comm]cial or*>d4 ,,texas4--,e4 ,e4 ,risi51 ,san ,saba1 ,tex41 says t ,san ,saba is m 9 dem& ?an any o!r v>iety he has4 ,x succe$s well 9 8 section4 ,he recomm5ds z well1 ,texas ,prolific1 ,colorado1 ,k9caid1 ,atwat]1 ,con*o & o!rs4 ,e4 ,w4 ,kirkpatrick1 ,mc,kinney1 ,tex41 ,presid5t ,national ,nurs]ym5's ,association1 reg>ds ,/u>t1 ,russell1 ,pab/ & ,money-mak] z valuable = 8 section4 ,good results h be5 secur$ ) ,hollis & ,wol=d4 ,,g5]al ,,recomm5dations4 ,f c>eful obs]vations1 we believe t a li/ ( v>ieties compris+ ,/u>t1 ,georgia1 ,money-mak]1 ,pab/1 ,success1 ,frots*]1 ,van ,deman & ,russell ( ! l>g] sorts w be f\nd to conta9 v>ieties :i* w prove satisfactory 9 mo/ locations4 ,to ^! we mu/ add ,s*ley1 ,san ,saba1 ,curtis & a numb] ( o!r m$ium-siz$ or small v>ieties ( unsurpass$ quality4 ,:5 ab\t to plant 9 a giv5 region1 /udy ! local conditions1 visit ! local trees or or*>ds1 & ^u ^! a conclusion may be bas$ :i* is n likely to lead ! prospective plant] into v great error4 ,,*apt] ,x4 ,,pur*as+ ,,& ,,plant+ ,,pecans4 ,s9ce1 9 mo/ cases1 ! trees are to be set 9 late autumn & e>ly w9t]1 ! trees %\ld be pur*as$ 9 late summ] & e>ly autumn4 ,d n leave ! pur*as+ ( ! trees until ! la/ week1 or ! la/ m9ute1 be=e plant+1 b buy 9 good season1 i4 e41 sev]al mon?s be=e plant+ "t4 ,too _m =get ab\t ! trees until ! "t = sett+ !m out has come1 & n infrequ5tly ! matt] is =gott5 until aft] ! season = plant+ is long s9ce pa/4 ,! numb] ( v>ieties 9 ! comm]cial or*>d %\ld n be l>ge4 ,no great] mi/ake c be made ?an t ( plant+ a few trees ea* ( a l>ge numb] ( diff]5t v>ieties4 ,f\r or five1 at mo/1 are suffici5t2 got few] v>ieties1 r ?an m4 ,trees c be pur*as$ 9 two ways3 ,!y c be secur$ direct f ! nurs]ym5 7usually by catalogue71 or !y c be pur*as$ f ag5ts4 ,by f> mo/ ( ! pecan trees are b\ght f ! nurs]y1 & by _m ?is me?od is pref]r$4 ,if trees are secur$ f ag5ts1 be c]ta9 t !y are responsible p]sons1 repres5t+ responsible firms2 be c]ta9 t !y are prop]ly accr$it$1 i4 e41 h c]tificates to %[ :om !y repres5t1 & if !y h n ^!1 !n s5d !m (f d[n ! road1 & ! dog ) !m = company1 if necess>y4 ,?is may seem to be h>% advice1 b _h x be5 foll[$ by _m pur*as+ pecan trees 9 rec5t ye>s1 x w\ld h be5 mu* to _! advantage4 ,pl5ty ( se$l+ trees h be5 b\ght & plant$ 9 ! belief t !y 7 good graft$ or budd$ /ock4 ,b ag5ts1 ) all sorts ( cr$its1 h repres5t$ firms :i* 7 n hone/4 ,budd$ & graft$ trees ( c]ta9 well-kn[n v>ieties ( pecans h be5 sold1 :i* 7 n ^? v>ieties4 ,!re is e reason to believe t scions h be5 tak5 f ord9>y se$l+ trees ( any k9d1 ins]t$ 9 /ocks & sold = ! be/ v>ieties1 & t a l>ge numb] ( trees h be5 sub/itut$ & sold = :at !y 7 n4 ,! prospective plant] mu/ dep5d ^u ! hone/y & integrity ( ! nurs]yman1 & %\ld in=m himself on ?is po9t4 ,! ,national ,nut ,gr[]s' ,association has done no great] s]vice to ! pecan indu/ry ?an t :i* !y h r5d]$ 9 protect+ ! public f fraudul5t ag5ts & nurs]ym54 ,happy is ! nurs]yman ^: reputation = squ>e deal+ m]its ! tru/ & confid5ce ( tree-plant]s ?r\gh\t ! c\ntry4 ,,co/ ,,( ,,nurs]y ,,/ock4 ,at pres5t1 ! prices quot$ = "o & two ye> old /ock ( /&>d v>ieties v>ies f #ge c5ts to #b4ej p] tree1 9 small numb]s1 ) consid]able r$uction = trees 9 lots ( "o hundr$ or "o ?\s&4 ,x is n improbable t ^! prices may be some:at r$uc$ )9 ! next decade1 z great] effici5cy is ga9$ 9 propagat+4 ,,detect+ ,,bogus ,,trees4 ,h[ may budd$ or graft$ trees be di/+ui%$ f ord9>y se$l+s or f doctor$ se$l+ trees8 ,_m p h pur*as$ se$l+ trees at a doll> or s p] tree1 "u ! supposition t !y 7 budd$ or graft$ /ock4 ,x is well to "k some?+ ( ! di/9ctions betwe5 !m4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bg4 ,ext]nal & ,longitud9al ,int]ior ,view ( ,bud ,union4 ,if ! trunks are /raight & smoo?1 ) b>k uni=m 9 appe>ance ?r\gh\t1 ! trees h n be5 budd$ or graft$1 unless ! po9t ( union is at ! gr\nd1 & ! trees hav+ be5 graft$1 & a t]m9al bud on graft has gr[n4 ,if ! "y trees h be5 budd$1 ! trunks w n be /raight2 a b5d w be se5 at ! po9t :]e ! bud 0 ins]t$ 7see ,fig4 #bg71 & ! sc>s ( ! union ( ! v5e]-%ield or annul> bud & ! po9t at :i* ! /ock 0 cut (f w be di/9ctly noticeable4 ,! b>k above ! po9t ( union on ! graft$ or budd$ /ocks w be diff]5t f t bel[4 ,!re is some?+ *>act]i/ic ab\t ! color & appe>ance & ! numb]1 size & %ape ( ! l5ticles ( ea* v>iety ( pecan1 & :ile x is impossible to describe ?is diff]5ce 9 appe>ance 7x c only be le>n$ aft] a l>ge am\nt ( exp]i5ce & obs]vation71 yet ! v /rik+ diff]5ce betwe5 ! se$l+ /ock & ! wood ( ! v>iety work$ ^u1 w s]ve z a useful index to ! g5u95ess ( ! trees 9 "q4 ,if ! trees h be5 graft$ in/ead ( budd$1 ! same /atem5t w be true ( ! appe>ance ( ! b>k4 ,b ! tree w be m ne>ly or q /raight1 & ! m>ks & sc>s at ! po9t ( union w be diff]5t4 ,if ! trees h be5 propagat$ by :ip-graft+1 ! sc> w be %ap$ l ! lett] ,n1 ! sc> on "y trees com+ ne>ly or q ! :ole di/ance across ! /ock4 ,if ! trunk ( a :ip-graft$ tree is split ?r\gh ! po9t ( union1 ! ,n-%ap$ m>k 9 ! =m ( a d>k l9e may be di/9ctly made out1 z %[n 9 ! illu/ration4 ,9 trees propagat$ by cleft-graft+1 ! union sc> w be long1 slim & ,v-%ap$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bh4 ,ext]nal & ,longitud9al ,int]ior ,view ( ,:ip-graft ,union4 ,b to make ! simil>ity betwe5 ! bogus & g5u9e trees m /rik+1 ! practice has be5 resort$ to ( sc>r+ ! /ocks s z to make !m resemble ! g5u9e article4 ,?is we h kn[n to be done1 m p>ticul>ly 9 ! case ( budd$ trees4 ,incisions 7 made 9 ! trunks ( se$l+ trees to resemble ^? made 9 ins]t+ a v5e]-%ield or an annul> bud4 ,! incisions 7 made s z to include a bud1 & ! top ( ! se$l+ tree 0 !n cut (f j above ! bud4 ,a tree doctor$ 9 ?is way makes a v close imitation ( ! real article1 & ! buy] ne$s to be on 8 gu>d4 ,b ! appe>ance ( ! b>k1 z already not$1 w s]ve z a guide4 ,if 9 d\bt1 x may be well to sacrifice a few trees & cut !m c>efully op5 d[n to ! pi? j ?r\gh ! po9t ( union4 ,if ! trees h be5 doctor$1 ! tissues ( ! wood & ! pi? w be cont9u\s2 b1 if ! trees are g5u9ely budd$ or graft$1 ! tissues & pi? w n be cont9u\s4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bi4 ,annul> bud gr[+ 7left74 ,split ?r\gh same union 7c5t]74 ,a normal bran* union 7"r74 ,pi? non-cont9u\s 7c5t]72 cont9u\s 7"r74 ,f9ally1 if /ill 9 d\bt1 s5d two or ?ree trees to ! botani/ or horticulturi/ ( ! ,exp]im5t ,/ation ( y\r ,/ate1 & ask 8 op9ion4 ,,plant+ ,,pecan ,,trees4 ,too (t5 b slight att5tion is giv5 to ?is important piece ( "w4 ,!re is too frequ5tly a disposition on ! "p ( ! p]son sett+ trees ( any k9d to d ! "w z rapidly z possible )\t consid]ation = ! future welf>e ( ! trees4 ,few realize t "t sp5t 9 c>eful1 intellig5t prep>ation ( ! soil & 9 sett+ ! trees is "t well sp5t1 & well paid = 9 ! aft] developm5t ( trunk & bran*4 ,bett] a mon? sp5t 9 prep>+ ! future home ( ! "y tree1 ?an ye>s ( its life sp5t 9 an unequal /ruggle = exi/5ce4 ,m ?an t1 ! tree may die outright1 & a ye> mu/ elapse be=e x c be replac$4 ,x is g5]ally /at$ t ! pecan is a sl[ gr[]1 & yet ,i h se5 trees f twelve to f\rte5 ye>s old :i* measur$ f ?irty-five to fifty-sev5 in*es 9 circumf]5ce at ! base1 :ile "u less favorable circum/ances o!rs /ood /ill = a p]iod ( six or sev5 ye>s1 or until !y _h accumulat$ suffici5t en]gy to ov]come ! unt[>d conditions ( _! environm5ts4 ,"t4 ,! be/ "t to plant pecan trees is dur+ ! mon?s ( ,decemb]1 ,janu>y & ,febru>y4 ,plant+ %\ld n be delay$ until late 9 spr+1 z ! p]c5tage ( loss w be v mat]ially increas$4 ,pref]5ce mu/ be giv5 to ! e>li] portion ( ! plant+ season1 z ! w\nds on ! roots w h _h "t to call\s ov]1 & ! gr\nd w be firmly pack$ ab\t ! roots by ! w9t] ra9s4 ,!n1 ) ! op5+ ( ! gr[+ season 9 spr+1 ! trees w be ready to make a good1 vigor\s />t4 ,di/ance ,ap>t4 ,! di/ance ap>t at :i* ! pecan trees %\ld be set mu/ dep5d ^u ! "* ( ! soil & ! am\nt ( f]tility & moi/ure x conta9s4 ,if plant$ too close1 ! trees may become _! own wor/ enemies4 ,too close plant+ w n prove satisfactory4 ,x is d\btful :e!r ! trees %\ld ev] be plant$ clos] ?an =ty feet ap>t ev5 on light l&s1 :ile on heavi] soils ?is di/ance %\ld be increas$ to sixty1 sev5ty-five or eighty feet4 ,,table ,,( ,,di/ances ,,di/ance4 ,,no4 ,,( ,,trees ,,no4 ,,( ,,trees ,rectangul> ,sy/em4 ,hexagonal ,sy/em4 #dj x #dj feet4 #bg #ca #dj x #ej #ba #dj x #fj #ah #ej x #ej #ag #ai #ej x #fj #ad #fj x #fj #ab #ac #fj x #gj #aj #gj x #gj #h #i #hj x #hj #f #ajj x #ajj #d ,to f9d ! numb] ( trees t c be set on an acre = any di/ance1 n giv5 9 ! above table1 multiply ! di/ance ap>t 9 feet toge!r & divide ! product into #dc1efj1 ! numb] ( squ>e feet 9 an acre4 ,! result w be ! numb] ( trees :i* c be put on an acre ( gr\nd4 ,,plant+ ,,sy/ems4 ,= sett+ or*>ds a numb] ( diff]5t sy/ems may be us$1 b ! two be/ adapt$ to ! pecan or*>d1 are ! squ>e or rectangul> & ! hexagonal or septuple4 ,if mix$ plant+s1 su* z pecans & pea*es1 are to be made1 !n ! qu9cunx sy/em %\ld be us$ & a pea* tree set 9 ! c5t] ( ! squ>e or rectangle =m$ by e f\r pecan trees4 ,squ>e or ,rectangul> ,sy/em4 ,9 ?is sy/em is includ$ only ! me?ods ( sett+ trees 9 rectangles1 ei!r squ>e or oblong4 ,x is by f> ! mo/ commonly us$ ( all ! sy/ems1 & ! ease ) :i* a field c be laid (f 9 rectangles1 is greatly 9 its favor4 ,! r[s ( trees int]sect ea* o!r at "r angles1 & cultivation may be c>ri$ on conv5i5tly ei!r crosswise or l5g?wise ( ! or*>d4 ,! plant] has ! *oice ( plac+ ! trees ! same di/ance ap>t bo? ways1 or ( plant+ !m clos] toge!r 9 ! r[s ?an ! di/ance betwe5 ! r[s4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #cj4 ,rectangul> ,plant+ ,sy/em4 ,x has be5 argu$ t space is n equally divid$ among ! trees1 & :ile ?is is app>5tly true1 yet1 on ! o!r h&1 ! roots ( pecan trees1 9 mo/ cases1 p5etrate & p]meate all ! space all[$ 9 ord9>y di/ances4 ,! roots w c]ta9ly secure all ! food & moi/ure 9 ! top two or ?ree feet ( soil4 ,:5 trees are to be plant$ by ?is sy/em1 ! /akes mu/ be set s z to be exactly 9 l9e1 :e!r view$ f ! end or f ! side ( ! field4 ,hexagonal1 ,septuple or ,equilat]al ,triangle ,sy/em4 ,by ?is sy/em1 six trees are set equidi/ant f a sev5? plac$ 9 ! c5t]4 ,! basis ( ! sy/em is n ! squ>e1 b ! circle1 s9ce ! radius ( ! circle is approximately equal to "o-six? ( ! circumf]5ce ( ! circle4 ,! "n septuple1 sometimes appli$ to ?is sy/em1 ref]s to ! fact t ! numb] ( trees 9 ea* gr\p-unit is sev54 ,equilat]al triangle sy/em ref]s to ! plant+ ( ! trees 9 equilat]al triangles1 b is id5tical ) ! hexagonal or septuple4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ca4 ,hexagonal ,plant+ ,sy/em4 ,x is ! only sy/em :]eby ea* tree is plac$ equally di/ant f ea* ( its adjo9+ neighbors1 & ! only sy/em :i* equally divides ! space among ! trees4 ,by ?is me?od ab\t fifte5 p] c5t4 m trees c be set p] acre ?an by ! rectangul>4 ,= p]man5t plant+s1 at regul> di/ances1 ?is sy/em & ! rectangul> %\ld be recomm5d$ be=e o!r sy/ems4 ,,lay+ ,,out ,,be=e ,,plant+4 ,level & smoo? ! gr\nd1 h>r[ & pulv]ize ?or\ghly1 !n proce$ to /ake ! gr\nd (f1 plac+ a /ake = e tree4 ,lay+ ,out ,squ>es or ,rectangles ) ! ,pl[4 ,if a good pl[man c be secur$1 v satisfactory "w c be done ) ! pl[4 ,9 "s cases a man c be f\nd :o ne$s no?+ 9 ! way ( a guide1 except two or ?ree /akes4 ,b ) a suffici5t numb] ( /akes & a m>k] atta*$ to ! pl[1 good results c be secur$ by almo/ any pl[man4 ,furr[s %\ld be run bo? l5g?wise & crosswise ( ! field1 _! int]sections m>k+ ! place :]e ! trees are to /&4 ,at ea* "o set a /ake4 ,x is ess5tial t a true1 squ>e corn] %\ld be secur$4 ,?is may be done by sight+ ) an ord9>y c>p5t]'s squ>e set ^u ?ree po/s4 ,lay+ ,out 9 ,rectangles ) a ,wire4 ,a wire1 long en\gh to rea* d[n "o side ( ! field1 %\ld be provid$4 ,/ret* ?is /raight out betwe5 two po/s & m>k (f ! di/ance :i* ! trees are to /& ap>t1 ^u x4 ,at ea* po9t m>k$1 firmly twi/ a piece ( small wire ab\t ! l>g] "o4 ,^! %\ld !n be sold]$ 9 place4 ,x w n d to h !m %ift4 ,?is wire may be roll$ ^u a roll] :5 n 9 use4 ,measure (f along bo? ends ( ! field & set small /akes on ! tree r[s1 at ! m>k$ places on ! wire4 ,tightly /ret* ! wire d[n ! fir/ tree r[1 atta*+ x firmly at ! gr\nd level to a pair ( good1 /\t po/s4 ,!n plant a la? /ake at ea* m>k on ! wire4 ,set all ( !m on ! outside ( ! wire1 s z n to int]f]e ) mov+ x4 ,:5 ?is r[ 9 complet$1 lift ! end /ake ) ! wire atta*$1 /ret* on ! second r[1 set ! /akes z be=e & repeat ! op]ations until ! "w is complet$4 ,lay+ ,out 9 ,hexagons4 ,/ret* ! wire d[n "o side ( ! field & firmly set ! tree /akes1 or /ake out ! base l9e by any me?od1 firmly sett+ a /ake = ea* tree4 ,!n procure two pieces ( wire ) r+s at ea* end1 ! l5g? ( ea* wire & r+ to be exactly ! di/ance betwe5 ! /akes z set on ! base l9e4 ,/ret* ^! wires out t[>d ! side :]e ! next tree r[ is to /&4 ,at ! po9t :]e ! r+s ov]lap set a /ake = a tree4 ,remove wire numb] "o & set x on ! ?ird /ake 9 ! base l9e1 /ret* ! two tight & set a tree /ake4 ,repeat z (t5 z necess>y4 ,9 sett+ ! ?ird r[ ( /akes1 use ! second z a base l9e1 & s on4 ,plant+ ! ,trees4 ,aft] sett+ a /ake = ea* tree1 ! gr\nd is ready = digg+ ! holes & sett+ ! trees4 ,a plant+ bo>d1 su* z is %[n 9 ! accompany+ illu/ration1 %\ld be provid$4 ,x is made ( a piece ( in* bo>d1 f\r or five in*es wide & five feet long4 ,! ends may be not*$ or holes may be bor$ 9 !m4 ,9 ! c5t] ( "o side1 a not*1 "o & a half in*es deep1 %\ld be cut4 ,provide a l>ge numb] ( small wood5 p9s or /icks1 ab\t "o foot long & well %>p5$4 ,:5 ready to dig a hole1 place ! plant+-bo>d s t ! not* 9 ! side fits aga9/ ! tree /ake4 ,!n place "o ( ! small p9s 9 ea* ( ! holes or not*es at ! ends ( ! bo>d4 ,all[ ^! to rema9 9 ! gr\nd4 ,remove ! bo>d & ! tree /ake & dig ! hole4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #cb4 ,plant+-,bo>d4 ,! hole %\ld pref]ably be dug j be=e sett+ ! tree4 ,9 "s cases1 h[ev]1 x may be necess>y to h all ! holes dug 9 advance4 ,make !m wide & deep1 six or eight in*es wid] ?an ! ext5d$ lat]al roots & eight in*es deep] ?an ! l5g? ( ! taproot4 ,9 sett+ ! tree1 place ! plant+-bo>d back on ! pegs & place ! tree at ! "r dep?1 aga9/ ! not* 9 ! side4 ,x w !n /& exactly :]e a /ake /ood1 & if ! /akes 7 9 l9e1 ! trees w be also1 if !y are kept p]p5dicul> :ile ! e>? is be+ fill$ 94 ,! e>? %\ld be pack$ ab\t ! roots by h&1 ! tree be+ set no deep] ?an x /ood 9 ! nurs]y4 ,to />t ! trees (f well1 "o p\nd to "o p\nd & a half ( a good f]tiliz]1 analyz+ ab\t six p] c5t4 pota%1 five p] c5t4 phosphoric acid & f\r p] c5t4 nitrog51 %\ld be ?or\ghly mix$ ) ! e>? t is us$ 9 fill+ 9 ! hole4 ,pref]ably1 only surface soil %\ld be us$ to place ab\t ! roots4 ,:5 ! hole is fill$ 9 ab\t ?ree-f\r?s1 wat] may be appli$ to advantage1 p>ticul>ly if ! wea!r is dry4 ,a good application %\ld be giv5 aft] ! "w is complet$1 s z to e/abli% ! capill>y movem5t ( ! wat] 9 ! soil4 ,! greate/ c>e %\ld be tak5 to prev5t ! roots f becom+ dry1 if !y d1 ! *ances ( _! liv+1 aft] plant+1 are v greatly r$uc$4 ,f ! "t ! trees are lift$ f ! nurs]y r[ until !y are set 9 ! or*>d1 ! sun %\ld nev] be all[$ to %9e on !m4 ,nei!r %\ld !y be expos$ to hot or dry+ w9ds4 ,%\ld x happ5 t ! trees are receiv$ be=e ev]y?+ is ready = plant+ !m1 !y %\ld be unpack$ & heal$ 91 9 a %ady place4 ,! roots ( ! trees mu/ be prun$ be=e plant+1 b ?is %\ld be done "u a %$4 ,all brok5 p>ts ( roots %\ld be c>efully cut (f1 leav+ good1 smoo? surfaces1 & ! taproot cut or prun$ back1 z describ$ 9 ! *apt] on prun+4 ,:5 ! prun+ is f9i%$1 ! trees %\ld be wrapp$ 9 a damp blanket or 9 damp sacks & tak5 to ! field4 ,:5 ne$$ = plant+1 !y %\ld be remov$ "o by "o & set out4 ,,*apt] ,,xi4 ,,cultivation ,,& ,,f]tilization4 ,too _m ( our ideas ( fruit culture are borr[$ f ! woods1 f ! trees 9 ! pa/ure l&s & uncultivat$ places g5]ally4 ,z ! pecan is a =e/ tree 9 _m sections ( ! c\ntry1 ! inf]5ce is1 t x ne$s no cultivation1 no f]tiliz]1 9 %ort1 is amply able to take c>e ( itself4 ,s x is1 b n able to yield1 at ! same "t1 ! l>ge crops ( nuts t are ! object ( its be+ plant$4 ,f ! woods1 !re is "o lesson :i* x w\ld be well = ev]yone to le>n2 a lesson1 n ( ! trees1 b ( ! soil1 ( ! d5se mass ( mold1 ( p>tially decay$ leaves1 ( vegetable matt]1 ( humus t cov]s ! =e/ floor4 ,! soil 9 ! pecan or*>d ne$s humus1 vegetable matt]2 s does ! soil 9 any o!r k9d ( or*>d1 & to obta9 results x mu/ be provid$4 ,n[1 x is a well-kn[n fact t a numb] ( ye>s 7t5 or twelve7 mu/ elapse be=e a pecan or*>d w beg9 to give any adequate returns = ! "t & c>e be/[$ ^u x & ! money inve/$ 9 x4 ,dur+ ?is p]iod1 if rightly h&l$1 ! gr\nd may be made to produce some?+ else ?an pecan trees1 & t1 too1 )\t injury to !m4 ,b 9 gr[+ a crop 9 ! or*>d1 be> 9 m9d t ! trees ne$1 & are b5efit$ by1 cultivation1 & t f]tiliz] w make !m gr[4 ,b1 z already not$1 humus is ne$$1 & s9ce ?is is ! case1 corn or cotton or clean-culture crops1 :i* leave little beh9d !m to make humus aft] !y are remov$1 %\ld n be gr[n e ye>4 ,"s ( ! legumes %\ld be br\ght 94 ,c[peas1 soja beans1 begg>we$1 velvet beans1 alfalfa & melilotus c all be gr[n 9 ! pecan area4 ,n all ( !m 9 e locality1 b "s "o or m ( !m 9 e section4 ,to keep up ! supply ( vegetable matt]1 gr[ "o ( ^! legum9\s crops e two or ?ree ye>s1 or (t5]1 & aft] !y h di$ & dri$ on ! surface1 pl[ !m into ! soil4 ,& :5 corn is gr[n1 s[ c[peas at ! la/ work+ ( ! crop1 to enri* ! soil4 ,^! legumes w add nitrog5 to ! soil & help to r$uce ! f]tiliz] bills1 = nitrog5 is ! co/lie/ ( all ! f]tiliz] mat]ials :i* we buy4 ,sometimes1 x w n d to crop ! or*>d4 ,a condition may h to be met1 9 :i* !re is n en\gh wat] to supply bo? ! trees & ! gr[+ crops & "o or ! o!r w suff]--! trees1 usually4 ,9 su* a case ! advisability ( cropp+ is que/ionable unless1 ( c\rse1 wat] 9 suffici5t quantity c be suppli$ by irrigation4 ,small gra9s1 oats1 :eat1 etc41 %\ld be rigidly exclud$4 ,:5 corn or cotton is plant$1 leave out a r[ or two ( ! crops :]e ! tree r[ is4 ,let ! trees h fe$+ space1 b cultivate all ! gr\nd4 ,if ! season is dry1 !n give cultivation j z (t5 z c be done4 ,e week or t5 days1 betwe5 ! fir/ ( ,april & ! fir/ or middle ( ,july1 ! gr\nd %\ld be /irr$ 9 "y or*>ds4 ,%all[ cultivation is all t is necess>y aft] ! fir/ pl[+4 ,a we$] or light h>r[ w d ! "w4 ,?is %all[ cultivation w pres]ve a du/ mul*1 a c\ple ( in*es or s 9 dep?1 & ! loss ( soil moi/ure by capill>y action & evaporation w !reby be prev5t$2 m moi/ure w be reta9$ 9 ! soil & ! trees w be b5efit$ accord+ly4 ,:e!r ! or*>d is plant$ 9 a crop or n1 cultivation %\ld beg9 ab\t ! "t gr[? />ts 9 spr+4 ,! gr\nd %\ld be pl[$ & level$ ) a cultivator4 ,aft] t1 frequ5t %all[ cultivation %\ld be giv5 ) a light h>r[ or we$]4 ,once e week or t5 days1 if ! wea!r is dry1 w result 9 mu* good to ! trees4 ,if a %[] %\ld fall dur+ "o ( ^! dry p]iods1 ! gr\nd %\ld be cultivat$ j z soon z x c be work$4 ,a light h>r[1 :i* w break up ! surface cru/ =m$ by ! ra9 & leave in/ead a %all[ mul* ( pulv]iz$ soil1 w g a long way t[>d cons]v+ & hold+ ! wat] :i* has be5 add$ by ! rec5t ra9fall4 ,! cultivation ( old or*>ds may v>y some:at f t giv5 y\ng] ones4 ,"s recomm5d t ! old or*>d be se$$ to grass 7,b]muda or ,johnson grass7 & us$ z a pa/ure4 ,?is may answ] 9 "s cases1 p>ticul>ly on v ri*1 alluvial soils1 b1 9 g5]al1 x w n d z a def9ite policy ye> 9 & ye> out4 ,^? or*>ds plant$ 9 grass :i* ! au?or has _h an opportunity to exam9e1 h usually %[n a l>ge p]c5tage ( trees ) bran*es dead at ! tips1 /aghead$1 ) yell[ leaves & a g5]al appe>ance ( un?rift9ess4 ,x may h be5 t ^! or*>ds 7 plant$ 9 grass :ile ! trees 7 too "y4 ,! bett] treatm5t1 & ! saf] "o to foll[ 9 old or*>ds1 is to cultivate ! gr\nd 9 spr+ & s[ d[n 9 c[peas or "s o!r legume4 ,begg>we$1 velvet beans or soja beans w answ] well 9 _m localities4 ,all[ ^! to make :at gr[? !y w1 &1 :5 dead & dry1 pl[ !m back into ! soil4 ,x may seem /range to cultivate a =e/ tree1 b x is ! plan to foll[ to get results4 ,good results c\ld d\btless be secur$ by se$+ ! pecan or*>d 9 alfalfa & us+ x = a hog pa/ure up to ! rip5+ season4 ,cultivation %\ld n be prolong$ too late4 ,if x be1 ! trees w cont9ue to gr[ lat] ?an !y %\ld4 ,en\gh "t w n be left 9 _m sections be=e ! com+ ( ! fir/ fro/s4 ,if ! immature1 sappy wood is caught by an e>ly fro/1 sev]e injury may result4 ,9 ! m s\!rn ext5sion ( ! pecan area cultivation c be c>ri$ on lat] ?an t[>d ! nor!rn limits ( ! region4 ,ord9>ily1 x is safe/ to cease cultivation n lat] ?an ,july ! fir/ to ,july ! fifte5?4 ,,f]tilization4 ,on deep ri*1 alluvial soils ! trees may n ne$ to be f]tiliz$1 b _m ( ! soils on :i* pecans h be5 set 9 or*>d =m1 require to be f]tiliz$ to secure ! be/ results4 ,! ?ree important plant foods requir$ by plants & mo/ frequ5tly defici5t 9 soils are nitrog51 phosphorus & pota%4 ,"o or two or all ?ree ( ^! sub/ances may h to be suppli$4 ,nitrog51 :i* is us$ by ! trees l>gely 9 mak+ gr[? ( leaf & wood1 may be suppli$ f a numb] ( diff]5t s\rces1 viz3 /able manure1 cotton se$1 cotton-se$ meal1 dri$ blood1 fi% scrap1 sulphate ( ammonia & nitrate ( soda4 ,^! sub/ances are ! pr9cipal comm]cial s\rces ( nitrog54 ,l>ge am\nts ( nitrog5 are ga!r$ by legum9\s crops2 c[peas1 vet*1 begg>we$1 velvet beans1 alfalfa & o!rs may be plant$ to advantage1 result+ 9 a great sav+ 9 f]tiliz] bills1 & besides1 add+ ! necess>y vegetable matt] & humus4 ,! mo/ common s\rce ( phosphorus1 usually ref]r$ to z phosphoric acid1 is acid phosphate4 ,"s is obta9$ f bone1 & bone meal is a good f]tiliz] to use among pecan trees4 ,! results obta9$ f its use are n imm$iate1 b s9ce ! bone does n decay rapidly1 !y ext5d ov] a consid]able p]iod4 ,on ! :ole1 acid phosphate is z satisfactory z any mat]ial z a s\rce ( phosphoric acid1 & ! goods ) ! highe/ p]c5tage are usually ! mo/ economical 9 ! end4 ,a good grade is t analyz+ f\rte5 p] c5t4 ,pota% may be pur*as$1 z ka9it1 ! raw salt1 or z muriate ( pota%1 l[ grade sulphate ( pota% & high grade sulphate ( pota%4 ,( ^! ! sulphates are usually giv5 ! pref]5ce 9 fruit gr[+4 ,( ! dome/ic s\rces ( pota%1 wooda%es are important4 ,! am\nt ( f]tiliz] :i* x is be/ to apply is difficult to decide ^u2 mu* dep5ds on ! "* ( ! soil1 :at crops are cultivat$ & :e!r a crop ( legumes is gr[n or n4 ,if legumes are gr[n = ! b5efit ( ! or*>d1 !y %\ld be f]tiliz$1 & if ! crop is turn$ back into ! soil1 ?is may be suffici5t = ! trees1 p>ticul>ly :ile !y are "y4 ,= ! legumes1 a good f]tiliz] to use p] acre is3 ,ka9it1 #ajj lbs42 ,acid ,phosphate1 #bjj lbs4 or1 ,high-,grade ,sulphate ( ,pota%1 #ej lbs4 ,acid ,phosphate1 #bjj lbs4 ,9 any case "s all[ance %\ld be made = ! am\nt ( nitrog5 collect$ by ! legumes4 ,:5 corn1 cotton or "s o!r crops are gr[n 9 ! or*>d1 f]tiliz+ may simply consi/ 9 di/ribut+ an additional am\nt ( ! crop f]tiliz] = ! b5efit ( ! trees4 ,= ! gr[? ( ! "y trees1 a l>g] am\nt ( nitrog5 & a relatively small] am\nt ( phosphoric acid & pota% are requir$1 :ile = old] trees1 ! rev]se is true4 ,phosphoric acid & pota% are requir$ by be>+ trees = ! =mation ( fruit4 ,consequ5tly1 :5 ! pecan or*>d comes into be>+1 ^! mat]ials %\ld be increas$ 9 ! f]tiliz] appli$4 ,if ! soil is n v ri* at ! "t ( plant+1 good results w foll[ ! use ( a p\nd ( good comm]cial f]tiliz] at ! "t ( plant+4 ,a good f]tiliz] = "y trees %\ld analyze five p] c5t4 phosphoric acid1 six p] c5t4 pota% & f\r p] c5t4 nitrog54 ,= be>+ trees1 "o analyz+ eight p] c5t4 phosphoric acid1 t5 p] c5t4 pota% & f\r p] c5t4 nitrog5 w give good results4 ,if s desir$1 well-kn[n br&s ( comm]cial f]tiliz]s1 hav+ approximately ! above analysis1 c be pur*as$ 9 ! m>kets1 b if pref]r$1 ! sev]al mat]ials may be pur*as$ sep>ately1 !n mix$ & appli$4 ,,apply+ ,,! ,,f]tiliz]4 ,! roots ( "y trees d n ext5d to any great di/ance away f ! trunk4 ,9 di/ribut+ ! f]tiliz] ?is fact %\ld be rememb]$4 ,a safe rule = all small-siz$ trees is to comm5ce j outside an imag9>y circle ( two feet radius & apply ! f]tiliz] 9 a circul> b& ext5d+ out "s di/ance beyond ! spread ( ! bran*es4 ,old trees1 or ^? hav+ a consid]able spread ( top1 :5 plant$ 9 or*>d =m1 %\ld be f]tiliz$ by broadca/+ ! f]tiliz] ov] ! gr\nd4 ,9 ! nor!rly pecan sections1 all ! f]tiliz] %\ld be giv5 9 "o application1 ab\t ! "t gr[? />ts 9 spr+1 & pl[$ 91 :ile f>!r s\?1 two applications may be made1 "o at ! "t m5tion$ above1 ! o!r f ! fir/ to ! middle ( ,june4 ,,*apt] ,,xii4 ,,prun+4 ,! prun+ ( ! pecan is nei!r difficult nor complicat$4 ,9 %ort1 aft] ! top ( ! tree is well />t$1 little ne$ be done except to cut back a bran* "h & !re t ! trees may develop well-r\nd$1 symmetrical tops4 ,a spl5did type ( tree is %[n 9 ,plate ,,vi4 ,,high ,,vs4 ,,l[-,,head$ ,,trees4 ,frequ5tly trees are s prun$ t _! fir/ bran*es are eight or t5 feet f ! gr\nd4 ,ev5 "y trees are prun$ to slim /ems1 surm\nt$ by a small umbrella-l top4 ,su* trees frequ5tly h to be ti$ to a po/ to keep !m upright until su* "t z !y atta9 suffici5t size to support !mselves4 ,su* prun+ %\ld n be c\nt5anc$4 ,! trees w make a mu* m rapid & satisfactory gr[?1 & _! trunks w be less affect$ by ! hot sun1 if ! bran*es are all[$ to develop l[] d[n4 ,sometimes ! sy/em ( prun+ pecans ) tall1 b>e trunks is adopt$ to all[ ( crops be+ gr[n "u ! trees1 or because x is desir$ to use ! gr\nd z a cattle pa/ure4 ,^! consid]ations %\ld n weigh aga9/ ! welf>e ( ! trees4 ,z mu* gr\nd c be cropp$ ar\nd l[-head$ trees z is good = !m1 &1 9 brief1 ! c[s %\ld be pa/ur$ else:]e4 ,ord9>ily ! top ( ! tree %\ld be s %ap$ t ! l[] bran*es w be ab\t f\r feet f ! gr\nd4 ,! trunk w be %ad$ & protect$1 ! crop w be ne>] ! gr\nd1 & ! l[ tops w be less subject to ! de/ructive =ce ( heavy w9ds1 s injuri\s to bo? fruit & bran*es4 ,to />t ! trees at f\r feet1 ! tops mu/ be cut back to t height at ! "t ! trees are set1 or1 if small]1 :5 !y h gr[n to t height4 ,?ree or f\r buds ne>e/ ! top %\ld !n be all[$ to develop & =m ! ma9 framework ( ! tree4 ,aft] ?is ! trees w ne$ little or no prun+1 except ! cutt+ back ( /raggl+ bran*es1 & ! removal ( dead or brok5 ones4 ,"s writ]s h advis$ ! p]si/5t & sev]e cutt+ back ( ! tops1 f "t to "t1 s z to keep !m small1 compact & l[1 b su* a sy/em ( prun+ mu/ be put into practice on a consid]able scale = a numb] ( ye>s be=e x c be recomm5d$4 ,su* a plan might prove valuable :]e ! trees are subject to ! =ce ( /rong w9ds1 b o!rwise x is ( d\btful value4 ,,"t ,,to ,,prune4 ,prun+ may be done at any conv5i5t "t1 b ! be/ p]iod is probably ei!r j be=e ! fl[ ( sap 9 spr+1 or j aft] ! trees h fully develop$ _! leaves 9 spr+4 ,foll[+ ! removal ( bran*es ( any consid]able size--?ree-qu>t]s ( an in* & upw>d--! w\nds %\ld be c>efully pa9t$ ov] ) :ite lead pa9t to prev5t decay4 ,,c>e ,,( ,,brok5 ,,trees4 ,:5 trees are brok5 or injur$ by w9d-/orms1 ! brok5 bran*es %\ld be cut (f & ! result+ w\nds c>efully trimm$ & pa9t$4 ,if ! bran*es are only p>tly split (f1 ! injury may be repair$1 9 _m cases1 by press+ ! bran* back into place & bolt+ x !re1 s z to hold x firmly 9 place4 ,trees ) =k$ trunks %\ld be protect$ by pass+ a bolt ?r\gh ! two bran*es "s di/ance above :]e !y divide to prev5t splitt+4 ,,nurs]y ,,root-,,prun+4 ,too frequ5tly ! root sy/em ( pecan trees1 int5d$ = plant+1 is b poorly develop$4 ,! root consi/s almo/ entirely ( "o l>ge taproot de/itute ( lat]als4 ,su* trees are sl[ 9 />t+ & are h>d to transplant4 ,figure #cc %[s an excell5t root sy/em on a nurs]y tree4 ,su* a tree %\ld be almo/ z easily transplant$ z an apple tree4 ,a little m c>e on ! "p ( nurs]ym5 w\ld insure good root sy/ems4 ,9 a =m] publication x 0 sugge/$ t ! "y se$l+s int5d$ = /ocks be root-prun$ 9 ! fall1 aft] ! trees are "o ye> old4 ,x c\ld easily be accompli%$ by runn+ ! tree-digg] d[n ! r[ at a dep? ( n9e or t5 in*es4 ,! taproots c\ld ?us be sev]$1 & ! foll[+ spr+1 or summ]1 ! trees c\ld be work$ 7budd$ or graft$74 ,?is c\rse ( treatm5t w\ld insure great] success 9 transplant+1 z x w\ld h a t5d5cy to develop ! lat]al roots2 & 9 addition to t1 x w\ld1 9 all probability1 induce e>li] fruit+4 ,,root ,,trimm+ ,,be=e ,,plant+4 ,two ye> old taproots %\ld be cut to eighte5 or tw5ty-f\r in*es2 l>g] ones1 9 proportion4 ,! old idea t transplant$ pecan trees1 ! taproots ( :i* h be5 cut back1 w n live & be>1 is n borne out by exp]i5ce4 ,!y are 9 no-wise injur$ by its p>tial removal1 & x might all be remov$ 7 x n t s _m w\ld die 9 transplant+4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #cc4 ,a nurs]y tree ) a good root sy/em4 ,figure #cd %[s two pecan trees at two ye>s4 ,! "o on ! "r 0 c>efully lift$ s z to pres]ve z mu* z possible ( ! taproot1 :ile ! "o on ! left _h ! taproot cut :5 x 0 transplant$ at "o ye>4 ,9 ! latt]1 six small roots f f\r & "o-half to eight in*es 9 l5g? _h gr[n out to replace ! taproot1 ^! d\btless hav+ suppli$ ! tree ) z mu* n\ri%m5t z w\ld h be5 giv5 by its s+le taproot4 ,fur!rmore1 )\t d\bt1 "o ( ^! roots w\ld h gr[n s z to replace ! taproot4 ,! advice has be5 giv5 to cut ! taproots back to five or six in*es1 b "u g5]al av]age climatic conditions ?r\gh\t ! pecan region anyone :o foll[s ?is advice w h reason to regret x4 ,our exp]i5ce 9 transplant+ pecan trees has be5 su* z to indicate ! necessity ( hav+ a well-bran*$1 well-develop$ root sy/em1 & a taproot1 :5 pres5t1 %\ld be left at lea/ z long z indicat$ above4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #cd4 a4 ,taproot cut at #a yr4 b4 ,taproot n cut4 ,a long taproot is objectionable on acc\nt ( ! additional co/ & labor entail$ 9 digg+ holes ( suffici5t dep? = plant+4 ,to %ort5 ! l5g? ( ! taproot1 ,mr4 ,e4 ,e4 ,risi51 ( ,san ,saba1 ,tex41 has pat5t$ a me?od :i* has giv5 satisfactory results4 ,! nuts f :i* ! /ocks are gr[n are plant$ ov] /rips ( mosquito nett+1 ! nett+ be+ "s di/ance bel[ ! level ( ! nuts4 ,:5 ! taproots h p5etrat$ to ! nett+1 _! gr[? is /opp$1 & ! lat]al roots develop bett] 9 consequ5ce4 ,,"p ,,iv4 ,h>ve/+4 ,m>ket+4 ,,*apt] ,,xiii4 ,,ga!r+1 ,,/or+ ,,& ,,m>ket+ ,,pecans4 ,:ile1 9 prep>+ a crop ( pecan nuts = m>ket1 su* extreme c>e ne$ n be ex]cis$ z 9 h&l+ a crop ( pea*es1 plums or oranges1 /ill !re are a numb] ( details :i* require c>eful att5tion to secure ! be/ results4 ,c>eful att5tion to ^! few po9ts is q z necess>y z 9 h&l+ any o!r fruit crop1 ?\gh x might appe> o!rwise4 ,"t to ,ga!r4 ,z a rule ! bulk ( ! nut crop mu/ be dispos$ ( be=e ,?anksgiv+1 & !re is 9 consequ5ce a /rong disposition to ga!r ! crop anyway1 :e!r ready or n4 ,mu* might be said on bo? sides ( ! "q1 b 9 g5]al x mu/ be grant$ t ga!r+ ! crop :ile /ill some:at immature1 & beat+ ! trees to cause ! nuts to drop1 _c be comm5d$4 ,:5 ! great majority ( nut husks are op51 ! crop ( ! tree is ready to be h>ve/$4 ,x w n d to wait until e burr is op5 7"s v>ieties nev] op51 b su* are extremely undesirable71 = x w usually be f\nd t by f> ! mo/ ( ^? :i* d n op51 on trees :i* op5 _! burrs uni=mly1 are faulty1 & x w n pay to wait = !m4 ,nei!r %\ld su* be left on ! tree1 b ! :ole tree %\ld be /ripp$ at ! "t already indicat$4 ,x w be necess>y to use light bamboo poles to remove ! nuts ) clos$ burrs4 ,pick+4 ,! nuts mu/ ei!r be pick$ by h& or knock$ (f ! trees onto ! gr\nd ) /icks4 ,f :atev] /&po9t we may reg>d ! ga!r+ ( ! crops1 9 or*>ds ( good v>ieties1 ! be/ plan = ! removal ( ! nuts is to take !m (f1 9 s f> z possible1 by h&4 ,m5 %\ld climb ! trees & collect ! nuts 9 sacks4 ,m5 provid$ ) sacks c1 ) ! help ( a good ext5sion ladd]1 rea* ! mo/ ( ! nuts on ord9>y trees1 up to =ty or fifty feet 9 height4 ,a good man w pick "o hundr$ p\nds ( ! %ell$ nuts 9 a day1 at a co/ ( "o doll>--or "o c5t p] p\nd4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ce4 ,aft] ! ,h>ve/4 ,9 ga!r+ ! crop1 ! product ( ea* individual tree1 9 ! case ( heavy-be>+ se$l+s1 or ( ea* gr\p ( trees ( a s+le v>iety ( graft$ trees1 %\ld be kept 9 a s+le pile or lot4 ,x w n d to mix nuts ( diff]5t sizes1 %apes & colors1 if ! be/ price is to be hop$ =4 ,cur+4 ,z soon z remov$ f ! trees ! nuts %\ld be c>ri$ to ! cur+ h\se4 ,?is h\se %\ld be absolutely rat-pro(4 ,"h !y are to be pick$ f ! hulls1 ! unop5$ burrs be+ plac$ ap>t by !mselves4 ,if !y op5 lat]1 well & good2 "s good nuts may be f\nd among !m1 b usually !y are inf]ior & %\ld be kept /rictly ap>t f ! o!r portion ( ! crop4 ,! co/ ( remov+ a hundr$ p\nds ( nuts f ! hulls is ab\t fifty c5ts4 ,z soon z ! nuts h be5 sep>at$ f ! hulls1 !y %\ld be spread out 9 %all[ trays = cur+4 ,^! trays %\ld be two & "o-half or ?ree feet wide & f\r or five in*es deep4 ,! bottoms are be/ cov]$ ) wire nett+ ) me%es ab\t "o-half in* squ>e4 ,!y may be arrang$ ar\nd ! walls ( ! cur+ room1 "o ti] above ano!r4 ,! room %\ld be provid$ ) good v5tilation s z to give a free circulation ( air4 ,9 ! trays ! nuts may be plac$ two or ?ree lay]s deep2 if plac$ too deep !re is dang] ( _! m\ld+4 ,!y %\ld be turn$ ov] f "t to "t1 &1 "u av]age conditions1 two weeks w be suffici5t to cure !m ?or\ghly4 ,grad+4 ,be=e pack+ = m>ket1 ! nuts %\ld be c>efully grad$4 ,too mu* att5tion _c be giv5 to ?is detail4 ,rigid grad+ pays--x pays h&somely1 & ! m abundant ! supply1 ! bett] x pays4 ,x w n d to mix toge!r nuts ( all sizes1 %apes1 & colors--"s small1 "s l>ge1 "s po9t$1 "s blunt1 "s d>k1 "s light1 "s /reak$1 & !n expect to get ! full value ( ! crop4 ,x _c be done ) a good grade ( pecans4 ,p]haps 9 no k9d ( fruit :i* is plac$ on ! m>ket c a m ne>ly absolutely uni=m grade be made 7see ,frontispiece74 ,! v>iety %\ld be ! basis ( ! grade4 ,9 ga!r+ ! crop1 ea* v>iety %\ld be put by itself z x is ga!r$4 ,9 mo/ v>ieties ! size is q uni=m1 & little else ne$ be done2 b if !re is any consid]able v>iation 9 size1 ! small ones %\ld be remov$ f ! fir/ grade ( nuts4 ,poli%+ & /a9+ %\ld n be done4 ,x is always be/ to let ea* v>iety reta9 its own individual m>ks & *>act]i/ics4 ,^! are a "p ( ! m>ket quality ( ! v>iety & %\ld1 by all means1 be reta9$4 ,mix$ lots ( se$l+ nuts may be poli%$ to r5d] !m m uni=m1 b ! /a9+ is an abom9ation1 ?\gh "s p w\ld r h x1 n kn[+1 p]haps1 :at a pecan looks l )\t x4 ,%ipp+ ,packages4 ,! package %\ld be /rong & light1 & %\ld af=d ample protection to ! product4 ,we h kn[n pecans to be %ipp$ by mail1 freight or express1 9 bags1 & losses h occurr$4 ,b>rels = l>g] %ipm5ts1 & wood5 boxes = small] ones are be/1 & af=d ! necess>y protection4 ,gift packages1 hold+ t5 or tw5ty p\nds or ev5 m1 %\ld be made ( half in* /uff at lea/1 ) ends ?ree-qu>t]s or "o in* ?ick4 ,groc]y boxes may be cut up1 plan$ (f1 & made ov]4 ,9 all cases ! packages %\ld be neat & clean1 & 9 p]fect keep+ ) ! cont5ts4 ,! "n & address ( ! gr[]1 ! "n ( ! v>iety1 & ! numb] ( p\nds %\ld be neatly /amp$ on ! outside4 ,m>ket+4 ,z x is at pres5t1 s w x be = _m ye>s to come1 /rictly fir/-class pecans w be h&l$ almo/ entirely by or ?r\gh a private trade4 ,we "k ( sev]al gr[]s :o dispose ( _! crops ( sev]al ?\s& p\nds annually to private cu/om]s :o h le>n$ ! value ( good nuts4 ,s greatly has ! dem& increas$ t 9 no s+le in/ance is anyone ( ^! m5 able to supply ! dem& ( ! natural outgr[? ( 8 own "w1 & ord]s are usually book$ a ye> or m 9 advance4 ,?is is ! ideal me?od ( h&l+ ! crop1 & ! "o me?od :i* enables ! gr[] to secure ! be/ price = 8 product4 ,9 build+ up su* a private trade1 adv]tis+ mu/ be resort$ to1 ei!r ?r\gh ! newspap]s1 magaz9es & o!r *annels1 or by di/ribut+ samples ( nuts4 ,once a cu/om]1 always a cu/om] %\ld be ! motto = ! gr[] to hold 9 m9d1 & e ef=t %\ld be made & e precaution tak5 to see t ! nuts1 f ye> to ye>1 are absolutely uni=m 9 size1 %ape1 & quality4 ,d n s5d a cu/om] "o size1 %ape1 or quality "o ye>1 at a c]ta9 price1 & ! next ye> v>y x4 ,su* treatm5t w t5d to make cu/om]s dissatisfi$1 & ! gr[] may lose !m entirely4 ,?is po9t _c be too /rongly emphasiz$4 ,/rictly fir/-class nuts may be dispos$ ( to advantage to ! fir/-class groc]y or fruit trade 9 ! l>g] cities4 ,9 cities ( any consid]able size1 !re w always be f\nd a groc] or fruit] :o is will+ to take a fir/-class article at a price consid]ably above ! usual m>ket price ( ord9>y nuts4 ,! writ] once submitt$ samples ( nuts ( m$ium1 b uni=m size & good quality1 to a groc]y firm 9 ,new ,york4 ,!y repli$ t !y w\ld take nuts l ! samples at twelve & a half to fifte5 c5ts a p\nd 9 c>load lots1 :5 ! common run ( pecans c\ld be pur*as$ at f\r or five c5ts p] p\nd4 ,z ! output ( high-grade pecans is increas$1 !y may be dispos$ ( ?r\gh ! usual nut trade *annels--! commission m54 ,! bulk ( ! product 9 ! c\ntry to-day is h&l$ by commission m51 ei!r be+ pur*as$ direct or sold on consignm5t4 ,if sold = ca% 9 ! home m>ket1 well & good1 b if sold on consignm5t1 *oose "o reliable commission h\se 9 ea* city 9 :i* ! product is to be m>ket$--nev] two 9 ! same city--& %ip to x "r along4 ,/or+4 ,dur+ ! cold wea!r foll[+ ! ga!r+ ( ! crop1 little or no *ange takes place 9 ! flavor ( ! k]nels4 ,dur+ ! heat ( summ]1 h[ev]1 !y det]iorate4 ,! natural am\nt ( moi/ure 9 !m is r$uc$1 ! air ent]s1 oxidation takes place & ! flavor becomes rancid4 ,^! *anges c be prev5t$ if ! nuts are kept 9 cold /orage1 say at a temp]ature ( f ?irty-five to =ty degrees4 ,:5 nuts are kept 9 ! h\se1 !y %\ld be /or$ 9 ! coole/ possible place1 9 seal$ j>s or tight boxes4 ,,"p ,v4 ,diseases4 ,insects4 ,,*apt] ,,xiv4 ,,fung\s ,,& ,,o!r ,,diseases ,,( ,,! ,,pecan4 ,! fung\s diseases attack+ ! pecan h n be5 ?or\ghly inve/igat$4 ,!y h n1 h[ev]1 become s num]\s or common z to cause s]i\s damage except 9 a few in/ances4 ,! true fung\s diseases are usually propagat$ & dissem9at$ by means ( spores1 & ! mo/ effectual me?od ( control usually consi/s 9 spray+ ) ,bordeaux mixture or "s o!r fungicide4 ,= all fung\s diseases ( ! pecan :i* may be controll$ by spray+ no sub/ance w give bett] results ?an ,bordeaux mixture1 & directions = prep>+ x are giv5 at ! end ( ?is *apt]4 ,p>is gre51 at ! rate ( f\r ounces to ea* fifty gallons ( liquid1 may be add$ to ! mixture = ! de/ruction ( bit+ insects4 ,= effectual "w 9 spray+ l>ge trees1 a plat=m %\ld be erect$ on ! wagon-b$ to make x possible to rea* ! tops ) ! spray4 ,,pecan ,,leaf ,,blight 7,c]cospora ,hal/$ii73 ,?is disease ( pecan leaves causes !m to turn br[n1 )] up & drop prematurely4 ,at fir/1 small br[n spots are not$4 ,^! become l>g]1 & at l5g? ! :ole leaf is de/roy$4 ,:5 attack$ by ?is disease ! tree makes no progress4 ,an exam9ation ( ! discolor$ areas1 "u a microscope1 %[s ! pres5ce ( tuft-l gr[?s ( spores ^u %ort conidiophores4 ,z !y become matur$ ! spores are scatt]$ by ! ra9 or w9d & s ! disease is spread4 ,x probably lives ov] f "o season to ano!r on ! diseas$ leaves4 ,! mo/ effective rem$y is to spray ?or\ghly ?ree times ) ,bordeaux mixture4 ,! fir/ application %\ld be giv5 j :5 ! "y leaves are exp&+1 foll[$ by two o!rs at int]vals ( two or ?ree weeks4 ,! fall5 leaves %\ld1 if feasible1 be ga!r$ & burn$4 ,pecan ,scab 7,fusicladium effusum73 ,?is disease attacks ! fruit1 leaves & twigs4 ,! husks ( ! diseas$ nuts become cov]$ ) d>k spots or specks4 ,!y become h>d5$ & crack op5 9 places4 ,z a result ( ! attack1 gr[? is /opp$1 ! fruit does n fill out & mature1 b drops prematurely or1 9 "s cases1 rema9s atta*$ to ! trees long aft] ! leaves h fall54 ,r\nd1 black spots =m on ! leaves :5 attack$ by ! fung\s4 ,^! become dead & br[n & 9 mo/ cases ! :ole leaf is de/roy$4 ,:5 attack$1 ! trees are usually s badly injur$ t !y make little progress4 ,n all v>ieties are subject to ! disease 9 ! same degree & "s appe> to be entirely exempt4 ,illu/ration3 ,photo by ,h4 ,a4 ,goss>d4 ,,fig4 #cf4 ,spray+ ,pecan ,trees4 ,^? v>ieties :i* are n attack$ %\ld be giv5 pref]5ce 9 propagat+ "w4 ,! disease may be fur!r controll$ by spray+ ) ,bordeaux mixture1 z direct$ "u leaf-blight4 ,,pecan ,,rosette3 ,l,! e>lie/ symptoms are a peculi> crimp+ ( ! leaves at ! ends ( ! bran*es4 ,^! leaves are small] ) crimp$ m>g91 & :5 held to ! light %[ light gre5 or yell[ /reaks betwe5 ! ve9s4 ,! leaf tissue 9 ^! light-color$ areas is ?9 & undevelop$ & (t5 breaks away leav+ angul> holes 9 ! leaves4 ,a tree usually %[s ! disease ov] ! :ole top at once1 ?\gh sometimes only a s+le bran* is affect$ at fir/4 ,z ! disease progresses1 ! foliage assumes a bun*$ appe>ance1 due to ! =mation ( tufts ( leaves at ! ends ( ! bran*es4 ,?is *>act]i/ic has l$ u to use ! t]m ,rosette z a "n = ! malady4 ,! next /age ( ! disease :i* is obs]v$ ! second ye> or lat]1 is a dy+-back ( ! bran*es f ! tips4 ,?is is foll[$ by ! developm5t ( num]\s small1 lat]al bran*es f adv5titi\s buds4 ,^! are %ort1 produc+ ?ick clu/]s ( small1 unheal?y leaves1 sometimes r$uc$ to m]e skeletons1 s t ! rosett$ appe>ance ( ! tree is int5sifi$4 ,?is goes on f ye> to ye>4 ,! gr[? ( ! tree is *eck$ & ^! abnormal bran*es are =m$ only to die back ea* ye>4 ,trees 9 ! e>lie/ /ages ( rosette h be5 obs]v$ to h light crops ( nuts1 b1 :5 badly diseas$1 are b>r5 & unsightly or worse4 ,rosette has be5 f\nd 9 all ages1 f nurs]y /ock to trees =ty feet high4 ,! cause ( ! disease rema9s a my/]y4 ,no fung\s or o!r p>asite c be detect$ 9 ! e>lie/ /ages4 ,! appe>ance ( ! trees leads u to inf] t ! tr\ble is int]nal1 due to "s d]angem5t ( ! nutritive or assimilative functions ( ! plant1 b we are unable to correlate ?is ) any correspond+ ext]nal conditions4 ,t is to say1 t s _m cases h be5 obs]v$ on f]tile soil1 :5 cultivation1 dra9age & plant food _h all be5 provid$1 t x is impossible to conclude t ! disease c\ld be due to />vation or to ! lack ( any s+le elem5t 9 ! soil1 nor c x be due to ov]-fe$+1 s9ce x occurs 9 light soils & 9 neglect$ or*>ds4 ,x seems probable t x w be class$ by ! plant pa?ologi/ ) pea* rosette1 pea* yell[s1 & relat$ diseases1 ! causes ( :i* /ill rema9 unkn[n aft] ye>s ( inve/igation4 ,! indications are t x is contagi\s1 ?\gh a complete demon/ration ( ?is po9t rema9s to be made2 at any rate1 x mu/ be reg>d$ ) conc]n until m k is available4 ,! be/ recomm5dation t c be made 9 reg>d to pecans affect$ by ?is disease is to dig !m up & burn !m4 ,,bordeaux ,,mixture4 ,copp] sulphate1 #e p\nds4 ,lime 7unslack$71 #e p\nds4 ,wat]1 #ej gallons4 ,dissolve ! copp] sulphate 9 two gallons ( wat]1 place x 9 b>rel ,no4 #a & add wat] to make tw5ty-five gallons4 ,slack ! lime1 r$uce x to a v ?9 pa/e1 place x 9 b>rel ,no4 #b & add wat] to make tw5ty-five gallons4 ,to mix ! solutions ( lime & copp] sulphate1 dip a bucketful f ea* b>rel1 & p\r toge!r into ! b>rel ( ! spray pump4 ,! two mixtures %\ld fl[ toge!r z !y are p\r$ into ! b>rel4 ,?is is "o ( ! secrets ( mak+ a fir/-class mixture4 ,! be/ arrangem5t is to h ! b>rels1 ,nos4 #a & #b1 elevat$1 & use a piece ( rubb] hose to run ! liquids into ! pump b>rel4 ,if a l>ge am\nt ( spray+ is to be done1 a some:at diff]5t policy %\ld be pursu$4 ,too mu* "t w\ld be tak5 up 9 prep>+ ! +r$i5ts 9 small quantities4 ,in/ead1 l>ge am\nts ( copp] sulphate %\ld be dissolv$ & l>ge quantities ( lime slack$ be=eh&4 ,?is may be done z foll[s3 ,9 a fifty-gallon b>rel place ab\t =ty gallons ( wat]4 ,put "o hundr$ p\nds ( copp] sulphate 9 a sack & susp5d x 9 ! wat]4 ,z soon z dissolv$1 fill up to ! fifty-gallon m>k4 ,:5 well /irr$1 ea* gallon w conta9 two p\nds ( copp] sulphate4 ,ea* "t "s ( ! solution is dipp$ out1 ! height ( ! rema9+ portion %\ld be m>k$ on ! inside ( ! b>rel4 ,be=e tak+ m ( ! solution out ( ! b>rel1 any am\nt ( wat] lo/ by evaporation %\ld be made good by fill+ up to ! m>k la/ made4 ,z soon z procur$ ! lime %\ld be slack$1 plac$ 9 a b>rel & kept cov]$ ) an in* or two ( wat]4 ,9 ?is way x c be kept indef9itely4 ,to prep>e ,bordeaux mixture f ^! /ock solutions1 dip out two & a half gallons ( ! copp] sulphate solution1 place x 9 b>rel ,no4 #a & dilute to tw5ty-five gallons4 ,f ! slack$ lime take fifte5 p\nds1 or !reab\ts1 to all[ = ! wat] x conta9s1 r$uce to a ?9 pa/e1 place x 9 b>rel ,no4 #b & add wat] to make tw5ty-five gallons4 ,p\r ! cont5ts ( b>rels ,nos4 #a & #b toge!r1 z already direct$4 ,te/s3 ,if free copp] be pres5t1 sev]e injury may be done to ! foliage or o!r t5d] p>ts ( ! plants4 ,suffici5t lime %\ld be add$ to neutralize x4 ,dip out a small quantity 9 a porcela9 sauc] or %all[ b[l1 & hold+ x on a level ) ! m\?1 bl[ ! brea? g5tly into x4 ,if a ?9 pellicle =ms on ! surface1 m lime mu/ be add$4 ,add & te/ until x does n =m4 ,an excess ( lime w n hurt4 ,ano!r te/ is to dip ! blade ( a clean knife into ! mixture4 ,if a ?9 film ( copp] =ms on x aft] hold+ x !re a m9ute or s1 m lime mu/ be add$4 ,use good mat]ials & prep>e ! mixtures ?or\ghly4 ,9 mak+ up ! v>i\s mixtures1 nev] use iron vessels1 b use glass1 wood or crock]y receptacles in/ead4 ,/ra9 all mixtures ?or\ghly into ! spray pump to prev5t clogg+ ( ! pump or nozzles4 ,spray ?or\ghly & 9 good season4 ,be 9 "t4 ,d n use mixtures :i* h be5 leftov] & all[$ to /& = "s "t4 ,,footnotes3 ,l ,orton1 ,w4 ,a41 proce$+s second annual conv5tion ,national ,nut ,gr[]s' ,association1 #aijc1 p4 #hb4 #aijd4 ,,*apt] ,,xv4 ,,insects ,,attack+ ,,! ,,pecan4 ,"s "t ago ! /atem5t 0 occasionally made t ! pecan _h no kn[n enemies4 ,?is1 to ?9k+ & obs]v+ p]sons1 0 too good to be true1 & =tunately ! words1 no kn[n1 7 ins]t$1 = lat] inve/igations1 p>ticul>ly on ! "p ( ,pr(s4 ,goss>d & ,h]rick1 h reveal$ ! fact t ! pecan1 9 common ) all o!r fruit trees1 is subject to ! attacks ( insect & o!r enemies4 ,b ! outlook is hopeful1 = we "k ( ! ab&onm5t ( no fruit indu/ry because ( ! attacks ( insect pe/s1 & ! pecan indu/ry is 9 no wise 9 dang] ( be+ ab&on$ because ( _! inroads4 ,,fe$+ ,,habits ,,( ,,insects4 ,if an insect is to be successfully controll$1 ! gr[] mu/ "k some?+ ( its life-hi/ory1 & p>ticul>ly ( its fe$+-habits4 ,c>eful obs]vation ( ! insect1 :ile at its "w ( de/ruction1 w frequ5tly give a clue to ! me?od ( control4 ,_m insects1 l ! cat]pill>s ( ! pecan1 bud-mo? & case-worm1 obta9 _! food by bit+ (f pieces ( ! leaves or o!r p>ts ( ! tree & swall[+ ! solid p>ticles4 ,on ! o!r h&1 a numb] ( insects1 su* z ! scales & plant-lice1 obta9 _! food by ?ru/+ _! small1 bri/le-l suck+ tubes into ! tissues ( ! leaves & suck+ out ! juices conta9$ 9 ! cells4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,viii4 ,! ,pecan ,bud ,mo? 7,proteopt]yx deludana74 #a4 ,w9t] /age on bud1 enl>g$4 #b4 ,tube made 9 leaf4 #c4 ,"w ( bud de/ruction4 #d4 ,cat]pill>1 enl>g$ ab\t twice4 #e4 ,cocoon1 enl>g$4 #f4 ,*rysalis1 r$uc$4 #g4 ,mo?1 enl>g$4 #h4 ,mo?1 ab\t natural size4 ,x is q obvi\s t ^! two classes ( insects _c be controll$ or de/roy$ 9 ! same way4 ,^? :i* eat solid p>ticles ( food may1 9 mo/ cases1 be de/roy$ by apply+ "s poison\s sub/ance1 su* z ars5ate ( lead or ,p>is gre51 to ! food :i* !y eat4 ,b ^? :i* obta9 _! food by suck+ _c be kill$ 9 ?is way4 ,!y c be de/roy$1 h[ev]1 by spray+ ov] _! bodies "s sub/ance1 su* z k]os5e emulsion1 :i* w p5etrate _! bodies & s kill !m4 ,or1 !y may be kill$ by suffocat+ !m ) a gas or by /opp+ up _! brea?+ pores ) "s p[d]$ sub/ance1 su* z pyre?rum4 ,"s insecticides1 su* z res9 wa%1 act bo? z a cau/ic application & a suffocat+ cov]+4 ,= conv5i5ce 9 ref]r+ to insects :i* attack ! pecan1 we h gr\p$ !m z foll[s3 7#a7 ,insects attack+ buds & leaves2 7#b7 ,insects attack+ ! trunk & bran*es2 7#c7 ,insects attack+ ! fruit4 ,,insects ,,attack+ ,,buds ,,& ,,leaves4 ,,! ,,bud ,,worms3 ,at lea/ two species ( cat]pill>s are kn[n by ?is "n4 ,! mo? ( "o has be5 call$ ! bud-mo?4 ,! cat]pill> ( ! o!r has be5 call$ ! case-worm4 ,pr(4 ,goss>d writes1 t he unexpect$ly f\nd adult mo?s ( ,proteopt]yx deludana1 ,novemb] #bh?1 #aije1 & !re=e believes1 f ?is obs]vation & o!r circum/antial evid5ce1 t he 0 mix$ reg>d+ ! autumn life-hi/ory ( ^! insects1 z set =? 9 ,bullet9 #gi ( ! ,florida ,exp]im5t ,/ation4 ,he furni%es ! foll[+ p>agraph z a summ>y ( :at he c say ( ! bud worms3 ,! ,bud ,mo?1 ,proteopt]yx deludana1 is a s]i\s pe/1 especially 9 "y or*>ds4 ,sometimes1 9 su* or*>ds1 ev5 :5 l>ge1 sc>cely a tree c be f\nd dur+ ! mon? ( ,may t does n conta9 "o or sev]al ne/s4 ,! cat]pill>s are usually f\nd s+ly1 ea* ) "o side ( a leaf fold$ ov] x & fa/5$ to =m a tube1 or sometimes two leaves are fa/5$ toge!r ) silk5 bonds & ! cat]pill> fe$s betwe5 !m4 ,z fa/ z ! leaves x has atta*$ become br[n & die1 x draws fre% leaves to ! dead ones & fa/5s !m !re1 ?us gradually mak+ a v conspicu\s ne/4 ,! cat]pill> is full gr[n dur+ ! la/ ( ,may & ! fir/ ( ,june :5 !y trans=m into mo?s4 ,_! pup cases are =m$ ( silk & excrem5t1 smoo?ly l9$ ) silk & snugly hidd5 away 9 a ne/ ( leaves4 ,9 ab\t two weeks f ! "t ( pupation1 ! mo?s appe>4 ,e>ly specim5s h sometimes be5 hat*$ f buds1 only p>tially exp&$4 ,!y are small1 ab\t five-sixte5?s ( an in* 9 l5g? & five-eigh?s ( an in* across ! exp&$ w+s4 ,9 g5]al color !y are grayi%1 /reak$ & dott$ ) blacki%-br[n4 ,a *>act]i/ic habit is to alight & re/ on ! tree trunk1 head d[nw>d4 ,! mo?s h aga9 be5 obs]v$ 9 ,novemb]1 sugge/+ t !re are two broods a ye>4 ,?or\gh1 p]si/5t spray+ ) ars5ate ( lead or ,p>is gre51 9 ,april & ,may1 ought to control ?is species4 ,,! ,,case ,,worm 7,acrobasis nebulella73 ,?is insect1 (t5 f\nd associat$ ) ! bud mo?1 probably does m damage ?an any o!r pecan insect4 ,! cat]pill>s are ab\t five-eigh?s ( an in* 9 l5g?1 a dirty br[ni%-gre5 9 color1 & live 9 silk-l9$ cases or tubes atta*$ to ! petioles ( ! leaves4 ,f ^! !y protrude !mselves to fe$4 ,frequ5tly a pair ( leaflets are ti$ toge!r 7,plate ,,ix1 ,fig4 #f71 & betwe5 ^! ! cat]pill>s live & fe$ ^u ! tips ( ! protect+ leaflets4 ,op5+ buds1 p>tially develop$ & full-gr[n leaves alike are de/roy$4 ,e>li] 9 ! season1 *>act]i/ic ne/s ( p>tially eat5 leaves1 petioles & excrem5t are =m$ by sev]al cat]pill>s ty+ ! mass toge!r ) silk4 ,9 ?is ne/ !y live & develop4 ,! cat]pill>s pupate )9 _! silk5 tubes1 & ! small gray mo?s 7five-eigh?s to ?ree-f\r?s ( an in* 9 l5g?7 em]ge ab\t two weeks aft] pupation1 *iefly 9 ,june4 ,! small1 hib]nat+ cocoons f\nd on & ar\nd ! buds 9 w9t] & ! tortu\s tubes obs]v$ on ! leaves 9 summ] & fall1 :i* h be5 ref]r$ to 7,proteopt]yx deludana71 probably belong to ?is species4 ,at lea/1 cat]pill>s "o-f\r? gr[n & conta9$ 9 cocoons app>5tly n ess5tially diff]5t f ! small] ones1 conta9 worms hav+ ! *>act]i/ic appe>ance ( ! gr[n acrobasis4 ,spray+ ) ars5icals 9 ,april1 ,may & ,june %\ld de/roy ?is pe/4 ,spray+ 9 late ,july & ,augu/ w\ld also promise results ( value4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,ix4 ,! ,case ,worm4 #a4 ,suppos$ w9t] /age4 #b4 ,cat]pill>1 enl>g$4 #c-d4 ,mo?1 ne>ly natural size4 #e4 ,cases4 #f4 ,"w on leaves4 ,,! ,,catotocalas 7,catocala piatrix & ,c4 viduata73 ,! cat]pill>s ( ^! insects are frequ5tly f\nd dur+ ,april1 ,may & ,june fe$+ ^u ! leaves ( ! pecan4 ,!y are rav5\s fe$]s1 & if pres5t 9 suffici5t numb]s1 consid]able damage is done4 ,! cat]pill>s are f two to two & a half or ?ree in*es 9 l5g? :5 fully ext5d$1 gray & /rip$1 lea!ry 9 appe>ance1 v closely resembl+ ! back ( ! tree ^u :i* !y re/ :5 n fe$+4 ,hav+ atta9$ its full gr[? z a cat]pill>1 x ties toge!r two or ?ree leaves ) /r&s ( silk1 ?us mak+ a loose cocoon )9 :i* x pupates4 ,! pupa is d>k br[n1 cov]$ ) a :iti% or blui%-:ite bloom4 ,9 ab\t "o mon? ! mo?s em]ge4 ,!y are l>ge 9 size1 ! body be+ "o to "o & "o-f\r? in*es long & ! exp&$ w+s two & "o-half to ?ree in*es across4 ,:5 at re/ !y are dull gray 9 color1 m or less m>k$ ) irregul> wav+ l9es4 ,! h9d or "u-w+s are /rik+ly diff]5t f ! =e-w+s4 ,9 ,c4 piatrix !y are deep orange-yell[ m>k$ f side to side ) two black b&s4 ,! h9d-w+s ( ,c4 viduata are d>k br[n & edg$ ) a n>r[ :ite b&4 ,! cat]pill>s may be de/roy$ by spray+ ) "s "o ( ! ars5ical poisons1 or !y may be remov$ by h& & de/roy$4 ,pr(4 ,goss>d recomm5ds ! ty+ ( a piece ( burlap ar\nd ! trees4 ,b5ea? ?is ! cat]pill>s hide dur+ ! night & !y may !n be de/roy$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,x4 ,a ,pecan ,catocala4 7,c4 ,piatrix47 ,cat]pill>1 ,cocoon1 ,*rysalis1 & ,mo?s ab\t "o-half natural size4 ,,! ,,fall ,,web-,,worm 7,hyphantria cunea73 ,! cat]pill>s ( ?is insect beg9 "w e>ly 9 spr+1 %ortly aft] ! leaves are full gr[n4 ,!y "w 9 colonies1 & ! leaves on :i* !y fe$ are enclos$ 9 a web1 :i* is ext5d$ z ! cat]pill>s gr[ or z !y require additional leaves to fe$ ^u4 ,:5 full gr[n ! cat]pill>s measure ab\t "o in* 9 l5g? & are cov]$ ) hairs bo? long & %ort4 ,! matur$ cat]pill>s leave ! webs & crawl d[n ! trees to hunt = places b5ea? ! b>k1 "u /icks1 we$s & tra% 9 :i* to pupate4 ,a light1 flimsy cocoon1 compos$ ( silk & ! hairs ( ! l>va1 is made4 ,f ?is1 9 due "t1 a beautiful mo?1 an in* or an in* & a qu>t] across ! w+s1 em]ges4 ,! w+s are pure :ite or :ite spott$ ) black or br[ni%-black4 ,! eggs are laid 9 masses ( f\r or five hundr$ on ! leaves4 ,^! hat* 9 ab\t t5 days1 & ! colonies ( "y cat]pill>s beg9 _! "w ( de/ruction4 ,!re are two broods 9 ! ,s\? ea* summ]2 ! fir/ appe>+ 9 ,may & ,june1 ! second 9 ,augu/ & ,septemb]4 ,! fall brood hyb]nates 9 ! pupa /ate4 ,! cat]pill>s may be de/roy$ on small trees by remov+ ! webs & kill+ ! l>v4 ,on l>ge trees a tor* ( "s sort may be us$ to burn ! web & ! cat]pill>s )9 x4 ,!y may be also held 9 *eck by apply+ a spray ( ,p>is gre5 or ars5ate ( lead at ! "t ! broods are fe$+4 ,,! ,,pecan ,,cat]pill> 7,datana int]rigma73 ,a buff-color$ mo?1 hav+ a body ab\t "o-half in* long & a w+ expanse ( "o & ?ree-f\r?s in*es1 ) f\r transv]se br[n /ripes on ! front w+s1 lays its gre5i% or :ite eggs 9 clu/]s ( five to twelve hundr$ on ! und]side ( ! l[] leaves ( ! pecan trees4 ,^! eggs hat* 9 less ?an a week1 & ! colonies ( "y cat]pill>s at fir/ fe$ ^u ! und]sides ( ! leaves4 ,!y ca/ _! sk9s f\r times1 ea* "t increas+ 9 size & *ang+ _! color some:at4 ,! la/ m\lt1 & sometimes ! la/ two1 take place on ! trunk ( ! tree1 & ! clu/]s ( disc>d$ sk9s frequ5tly rema9 = sev]al mon?s aft]w>ds4 ,aft] ! la/ m\lt !y asc5d ! trees1 rema9 fe$+ = a %ort :ile1 !n g d[n to ! gr\nd to pupate4 ,:5 di/urb$1 ! l>v raise bo? ends ( _! bodies f ! twigs or leaves1 on :i* !y re/4 ,!y are easily recogniz$ by ?is habit4 ,:5 full gr[n !y are "o & "o-half to "o & ?ree-qu>t]s ( an in* 9 l5g?1 cov]$ ) dirty :ite hair1 & m>k$ ) two conspicu\s longitud9al :ite l9es1 "o on ea* side ( ! body4 ,!re are two broods1 ! la/ "o hib]nat+ 9 ! gr\nd 9 ! pupa /ate4 ,! leaves on :i* ! eggs are laid may be ga!r$ & de/roy$1 or ! colonies ( "y cat]pill>s may be ga!r$ & burn$4 ,lat]1 !y may be burn$ (f ) a tor*1 kill$ :5 clu/]$ on ! trunk dur+ ! la/ m\lt1 or poison$ ) an ars5ical spray4 ,,insects ,,attack+ ,,! ,,trunk ,,& ,,bran*es4 ,,! ,,twig ,,girdl] 7,oneid]es c+ulatus & ,o4 texana73 ,^! two insects frequ5tly d consid]able damage to pecan trees 9 late summ] by cutt+ (f ! small] bran*es4 ,bran*es f "o-f\r? to ?ree-f\r?s ( an in* are usually ! ones attack$4 ,! insect is a beetle1 & ! two species closely resemble ea* o!r4 ,!y are d>k gray 9 color1 "o half to five-eigh?s in* 9 l5g?1 ) ant5n long] ?an ! body & provid$ ) /\t1 p[]ful m&ibles4 ,! female insect cuts ! bran* by work+ r\nd & r\nd x until x is almo/ entirely sev]$4 ,%e !n lays a numb] ( eggs 9 x1 usually "o or two be+ plac$ ne> ea* bud4 ,a small cut is made & ! egg is ins]t$ betwe5 ! b>k & ! wood1 & ! op5+ is !n seal$ up ) a gummy sub/ance4 ,z ! insect moves along ! twig a s]ies ( transv]se cuts are made 9 ! b>k4 ,! twigs usually drop to ! gr\nd4 ,! eggs hat* z soon z ! wea!r becomes suffici5tly w>m 9 spr+1 & ! l>v fe$ 9 ! twigs1 mak+ tunnels ?r\gh !m z !y gr[4 ,lat]1 !y pupate )9 ! tunnels & em]ge dur+ ,augu/ & ,septemb] z fully develop$ insects1 hav+ sp5t "o ye> 9 _! gr[? f egg to mature insect4 ,x is believ$ t 9 "s cases ! life cycle la/s two ye>s4 ,! be/ & mo/ effective treatm5t is to ga!r & burn all ! twigs :i* h be5 cut f ! trees4 ,?is %\ld be done1 pref]ably late 9 autumn aft] ! leaves h fall51 z !re is great] c]ta9ty ( gett+ all ! sev]$ twigs ?an if left until a lat] date4 ,,! ,,oak ,,prun] 7,elaphidion villosum73 ,sometimes,m pecan twigs1 :5 sm>tly b5t1 w snap (f ) a clean1 squ>e cut across ! bran*es1 z if !y 7 holl[-glass tubes1 break+ at crack$ or weak5$ places4 ,an exam9ation ( su* a brok5 /em %[s t its woody "p1 ) ! exception ( a few fib]s & ! b>k1 has be5 cut across z if ) a saw by a s(t1 yell[i%-:ite grub1 :i* c (t5 be f\nd 9 a burr[ 9 ! sev]$ "p4 ,s9ce ! uncut b>k is ! *ief support left = ! bran*1 any /iff w9d or ev5 its own weight w break x (f z soon z x has become dead5$4 99 99 99 99 99 99 ,! adult is a longicorn beetle1 ( sl5d]1 cyl9drical =m1 ov] "o-half in* 9 l5g? & ab\t "o-eigh? ( an in* 9 wid?4 ,x is ( a dull1 black color1 t+$ ) br[n on ! w+ cov]s1 especially t[>d _! tips4 ,! und]side ( ! body & legs are *e/nut color$4 ,ov] all p>ts ( ! body c be f\nd %ort1 grayi% hairs4 ,"s small1 gray spots on ! w+-cov]s & a :iti% dot on ea* side ( ! ?orax are =m$ by d5se collections ( gray hairs at ^! po9ts4 ,co>se1 r\nd punctures are ?ickly spr9kl$ ov] ! upp] surface ( ! ?orax & w+-cov]s4 ,! l>va1 :5 gr[n1 is ab\t ?ree-fif?s ( an in* long1 tap]+ backw>ds f ! neck4 ,! body is divid$ by deep grooves into twelve r+s or segm5ts4 ,!re are ?ree pairs ( feet4 ,! color is yell[i%-:ite1 ! front ( ! head be+ blacki%4 ,probably1 ab\t midsumm]1 ) a possible v>iation ( two m\?s 9 ea* direction f ?is date1 ! p>5t beetle deposits h] eggs1 pref]ably on a small twig ( ! prec$+ ye>'s gr[?4 ,^u hat*+1 ! "y l>va comm5ces to eat ! t5d] wood j b5ea? ! b>k1 & lat] ent]s ! c5t] ( ! twig & works t[>d its base4 ,9 ?is mann] x works its way into ! ma9 limb1 :i* may be ( consid]able size1 & fe$s )9 x = a p]iod ( ab\t ?ree ye>s4 ,! burr[ ?us becomes sev]al in*es 9 l5g?1 9 _m cases4 ,j be=e trans=m+ to pup "s1 b n all1 ( ! l>v1 cut ! wood = ! purpose ( dropp+ ! bran*es1 z be=e describ$4 ,limbs 9 :i* ! immature l>v are work+ (t5 break (f ) ragg$ end :5 b5t ) ! h&4 99 99 99 ,pick up & burn all fall5 bran*es4 ,simil> att5tion %\ld be giv5 ne>by oak & hickory limbs1 :i* h fall54 ,,! ,,pecan ,,tree ,,bor] 7,sesia scitula73 ,! mo? ( ?is insect is cle>-w+$ & closely resembles ! mo? ( ! pea* tree bor]4 ,little is kn[n ( its life-hi/ory4 ,x,n is probable t ! eggs are deposit$ by ! female mo? on ! b>k ( a tree ne> a fre% w\nd4 ,= example1 ne> newly set buds4 ,! eggs hat* & ! l>v bore into ! b>k1 & !re live = a "t1 eat+ out ! s(t inn]-b>k & t5d] wood4 ,x is c]ta9 t ! bor]s live 9 ^! situations ! ov] w9t] & *ange to pup 9 ! spr+1 f :i* ! mo?s em]ge 9 ,april4 ,! mo?s ,i re>$ appe>$ ,april #crd1 #d? & #f?4 ,! pup are 9 cocoons1 j "u ! b>k4 ,! cocoons are made f excrem5t & bits ( b>k t h be5 fa/5$ toge!r ) silk simil> to ! cocoons ( ! pea* tree bor]4 ,:e!r ^! mo?s1 t em]ge 9 ! spr+1 lay eggs & produce a brood 9 ! summ]1 t 9 turn develops a fall brood ( l>v1 ,i am unable to say4 ,!,o "y bor] is apt to ga9 entrance to ! sapwood ?r\gh "s w\nd 9 ! b>k1 su* z a graft-union1 & "h x fe$s1 sometimes completely girdl+ ! sapwood above & bel[ ! w\nd4 ,x is said to pref] to attack buds t h be5 budd$ on old1 l>ge trees4 ,z a g5]al rule ! burr[s asc5d ! tree 9 a spiral ab\t ! trunk1 s complete girdl+ is unusual1 b gr[? sometime ceases above ! groove1 new limbs be+ %ot out f bel[4 ,! only satisfactory means ( controll+ ?is pe/ is to g c>efully ov] ! tree & dig out ! bor]s4 ,! trees %\ld be exam9$ f "t to "t 9 ord] to keep !m free f bor]s4 ,,insects ,,attack+ ,,! ,,fruit4 ,,! ,,pecan ,,weevil 7,balant9us c>yae73 ,9 "s localities consid]able damage has be5 caus$ by ! pecan weevil4 ,! insect is a small1 br[ni%-black sn\t beetle1 some:at less ?an "o-half in* 9 l5g?4 ,! proboscis or sn\t is sl5d] & z long z ! body4 ,) ?is proboscis ! beetle bores a v small hole ?r\gh ! husk & %ell ( ! immature pecan to ! k]nel1 & at ! bottom deposits an egg4 ,?is egg hat*es into a l>va1 :i* fe$s ^u ! k]nel ( ! nut4 ,9 autumn ! l>v1 :5 full gr[n1 bore holes ?r\gh ! %ells ( ! pecan & ent] ! gr\nd 9 :i* !y pass ! w9t]4 ,! next season !y em]ge f ! e>? z fully-matur$ insects1 & ab\t ! mon? ( ,augu/ deposit _! eggs 9 ! nuts4 ,aft] ! h>ve/+ ( ! crop ! hogs %\ld be all[$ to fe$ "u trees 9 :i* ! weevil is pres5t1 s z to dev\r any infe/$ nuts :i* may h be5 left on ! gr\nd4 ,p\ltry may also be ( assi/ance 9 de/roy+ ! insects aft] !y h ent]$ ! gr\nd to pupate4 ,x is probable t ! l>v 9 ! nuts may be de/roy$ by fumigat+ ) c>bon bi-sulphide4 ,! nuts %\ld be plac$ 9 a tight box1 & "o-half p\nd = ea* five hundr$ cubic feet ( space us$1 all[+ !m to rema9 = =ty-eight h\rs4 ,,! ,,hickory ,,%uck ,,worm 7,grapholi?a c>yana73 ,sometimes pecan nuts are attack$1 z !y approa* maturity1 by a small1 :ite cat]pill>1 :i* m9es its way ?r\gh ! %ucks ( ! nuts4 ,?is cat]pill> is ! hickory %uck worm1 ! l>va ( a small mo?4 ,b little is kn[n ( its life-hi/ory1 & until m is kn[n ( its habits1 ! be/ advice t c be giv5 is to ga!r & de/roy ! infe/$ nuts by burn+ !m4 ,,footnotes3 ,m ,goss>d4 ,n ,h$rick4 7,see index ( lit]ature74 ,o ,goss>d4 7,see index ( lit]ature74 ,,"p ,,vi4 ,uses4 ,lit]ature4 ,,*apt] ,,xvi4 ,,pecan ,,k]nels4 ,pecan nuts are us$ 9 a v>iety ( ways4 ,n s v long s9ce !y 7 us$ almo/ entirely = dess]t purposes1 n[ !y are l>gely us$ 9 mak+ pa/ries & confections ( diff]5t k9ds4 ,bas$ on ^! uses1 new indu/ries = supply+ ! k]nels h be5 develop$4 ,! k]nels are n[ put on ! m>ket 9 glass j>s ( diff]5t k9ds & sizes1 usually retail+ at f #ej c5ts to #ge c5ts p] p\nd4 ,?is is p]haps ! mo/ conv5i5t =m 9 :i* to buy !m1 b un=tunately1 !y are too frequ5tly old & rancid4 ,:5 /ock is c>ri$ ?r\gh ! heat ( summ] 9 ! ord9>y j>1 ?is is inv>iably ! case1 & "s new me?od ( pack+ !m mu/ be introduc$ if ?is way ( dispos+ ( ! product is to increase 9 favor1 z x %\ld4 ,c]ta9 exp]im5ts n[ "u way give promise t ! k]nels c be kept fre% & free f rancidity indef9itely4 ,= ! pres5t1 at lea/1 ! only c]ta9 way ( procur+ good1 fre% pecan k]nels is to procure fre% nuts--^? :i* h be5 kept ov] 9 cold-/orage are good--& crack !m at ! "t :5 !y are ne$$4 ,= ! h\sehold1 an ord9>y pair ( nut-crack]s w answ]1 b !y %\ld be ( a p>ticul> type4 ,! jaws %\ld be =m$ ) %>p-cutt+ edges4 ,,nut-,,crack]s4 ,9 ! accompany+ illu/ration1 f\r k9ds ( nut-crack]s are %[n4 ,! two at ! "r are rev]sible4 ,! be/ pair is repres5t$ at ! extreme left ( ! engrav+4 ,! b>s are squ>e1 ! grooves 9 !m are curv$ inw>d leav+ ! tee? %>p & po9t$ out flu% ) ! edge4 ,illu/ration3 ,f ,am]ican ,nut ,j\rnal1 ,pet]sburg1 ,va4 ,,fig4 #cg4 ,nut ,crack]s ( diff]5t types4 ,to remove ! k]nels )\t break+1 grasp ! nut ) ! crack]s z close to ! end z possible1 & g5tly b firmly apply suffici5t pressure to =ce ! %>p tee? ( ! crack]s into ! %ell4 ,revolve ! nut & repeat ! op]ation until ! end is m>k$ ) a r+ ( ind5tations4 ,!n apply a little great] pressure to />t a slight crack1 & foll[ ! crack ar\nd until ! end ( ! %ell drops (f4 ,treat ! opposite end 9 ! same way4 ,next1 place ! nut l5g?wise betwe5 ! crack]s1 s !y w grasp ! side1 hav+ ! backs ( ! two halves ( ! k]nel1 n ! space betwe5 ! halves1 t[>ds ! b>s4 ,?is mu/ be emphasiz$1 because1 if pressure is appli$ at "r angles to ! edges ( ! halves in/ead ( aga9/ _! backs1 ! *ances are t !y w be brok5 :5 ! %ell is brok54 ,hav+ ! crack]s 9 position1 apply suffici5t pressure to crack ! %ell4 ,%ift ! crack]s a little to "o side ( ! crack1 apply pressure aga9 & a piece ( ! %ell breaks out4 ,a few g5tle squeezes w remove ! rema9d] ( ! %ell & ! k]nel drops out intact4 ,a h&-p[] crack]1 capable ( q effici5t "w1 is manufactur$ by ,?omas ,mills ,bro41 ,philadelphia1 ,p5n4 ,x has a capacity ( "o hundr$ p\nds p] day1 & is capable ( giv+ n9ety p] c5t4 ( p]fect halves4 ,= factory use1 two ma*9es1 = extract+ k]nels at a rapid rate1 h be5 inv5t$1 "o by ,mr4 ,rob]t ,e4 ,woodson1 ,/4 ,l\is1 ,mo41 & ! o!r by ,mr4 ,grim1 ,new ,york city4 ,^! make x possible to extract pecans 9 l>ge quantities = comm]cial purposes4 ,! nuts are f$ into a hopp] & ! ma*9e !n takes c>e ( !m4 ,9 reg>d to ! ,woodson ma*9e %[n 9 ! adjo9+ illu/ration1 ! inv5tor says t 9 crack+ "o hundr$ p\nds ( nuts !re 7 obta9$ #ci-a_/b p\nds ( p]fect halves & #c-a_/b p\nds ( brok5 pieces4 ,?is te/ %[s #ib p] c5t4 ( p]fect halves4 ,i d n claim t ?is result may be obta9$ at all times & "u all conditions1 = ! h>dness ( ! %ell & ! dryness ( ! nuts make a diff]5ce 9 ! results4 ,pecans :i* h become some:at dry %\ld be soak$ 9 wat] ov] night4 ,?is r5d]s !m mu* m easily crack$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ch4 ,woodson's ,p[] ,k]nel ,extractor4 ,,pecan ,,oil4 ,oil extract$ f almonds1 peanuts1 cocoanuts & o!r nuts is n[ us$ = v>i\s purposes1 & at no di/ant "t x is probable t pecan oil may also be plac$ on ! m>ket4 ,only ! *eap]1 inf]ior grades ( nuts c be us$ 9 oil-mak+1 z ! l>g] & bett] quality ( nuts are wor? too mu* = dess]t purposes4 ,ord9>y nuts w run ab\t fifty p] c5t4 k]nels1 & ^! k]nels analyze ab\t sev5ty p] c5t4 oil or fat4 ,on ?is basis "o hundr$ p\nds w\ld give approximately ?irty-five p\nds ( oil4 ,( c\rse ! bett] grades ( nuts w give sixty p] c5t4 k]nels1 & w\ld consequ5tly yield m oil4 ,pecan oil might be us$ z a salad oil4 ,x might be put to o!r cul9>y uses1 z well z f9d+ a possible place among m$ic9al oils4 ,,*apt] ,,xvii4 ,,pecan ,,lit]ature4 ,b little has be5 writt5 on ! culture ( ! pecan4 ,! foll[+ brief li/ ( bullet9s1 articles or *apt]s 9 g5]al works1 comprises practically all t has appe>$ f ! p5s ( ,am]ican writ]s3 ,budd1 ,j4 ,l4 & ,hans51 ,n4 ,e4 ,! ,hickory ,nut2 ,pecan ,propagation1 9 ,am]ican ,horticultural ,manual1 ,new ,york3 ,john ,wiley ,sons4 ,copyright #aijb1 #aijd4 ,"p ,i1 pp4 #cja-cjc4 ---- ,! ,pecan1 9 ,am]ican ,horticultural ,manual4 ,new ,york3 ,john ,wiley ,sons4 ,copyright #aijc2 ,"p ,,ii1 pp4 #deb-ded4 ,burnette1 ,f4 ,h41 ,/ubbs1 ,wm4 ,c1 ,morgan1 ,h4 ,a4 ,pecans4 ,baton ,r\ge3 ,tru? ,book & ,job ,pr9t+ ,(fice1 #aijb2 ,illu/rat$2 pp4 #hdg-hhd4 ,bullet9 ,no4 #fi1 ,second ,s]ies1 ,l\isiana ,agricultural ,exp]im5t ,/ation4 ,corsa1 ,w4 ,p4 ,pecan1 9 ,nut ,culture 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,wa%+ton3 ,gov]nm5t ,pr9t+ ,(fice1 #ahif4 ,illu/rat$2 pp4 #di-fd4 ,bullet9 ,division ,pomology1 ,unit$ ,/ates ,dep>tm5t ( ,agriculture4 ,full]1 ,&rew ,s4 ,hickory ,nuts1 ,9 ! ,nut ,culturi/4 ,new ,york3 ,orange ,judd ,company4 ,copyright #ahif4 ,illu/rat$2 pp4 #adg-bjb4 ,g(f1 ,e4 ,s4 ,! ,pecan1 9 ,lessons 9 ,comm]cial ,fruit ,gr[+4 ,madison3 ,univ]sity ,co-,op]ative ,association4 ,copyright #aijb2 pp4 #aaj-aad4 ,goss>d1 ,h4 ,a4 ,insects ( ,! ,pecan4 ,/4 ,augu/9e3 ,! ,record ,company1 #aije1 ,illu/rat$2 pp4 #bgi-cbj4 ,bullet9 ,no4 #gi1 ,florida ,agricultural ,exp]im5t ,/ation4 ,hans51 ,n4 ,e4 ,see ,budd1 ,j4 ,l4 ,h>c\rt1 ,hel54 ,! ,pecan1 9 ,florida ,fruits & ,h[ to ,raise ,!m4 ,revis$ & ,enl>g$ ,edition4 ,l\isville3 ,j4 ,p4 ,morton ,co4 ,copyright #ahhf2 pp4 #bjg-bad4 ,heighes1 ,s4 ,b4 ,see ,corsa1 ,w4 ,p4 ,h]rick1 ,gl5n ,w4 ,insects injuri\s to ,pecans4 ,agricultural ,college1 ,miss43 ,tuck] ,pr9t+ ,h\se1 #aijd4 ,illu/rat$2 p4 #db4 ,bullet9 ,no4 #hf1 ,mississippi ,agricultural ,exp]im5t ,/ation4 ,hume1 ,h4 ,h>old4 ,pecan ,culture3 a ,prelim9>y ,report4 ,jacksonville3 ,h4 ,w4 ,b4 ,drew ,co41 #aijj4 ,illu/rat$2 pp4 #aha-bab4 ,bullet9 ,no4 #ed1 ,florida ,agricultural ,exp]im5t ,/ation4 ---- ,top-work+ ,pecans4 ,ga9esville3 ,hill ,pr9t+ ,co41 #aija4 ,illu/rat$2 pp4 #ceg-chj4 ,bullet9 ,no4 #eg1 ,florida ,agricultural ,exp]im5t ,/ation4 ---- ,pecans1 9 ,florida ,agricultural ,exp]im5t ,/ation ,report1 #aijj-aija4 ,de ,l&3 ,e4 ,o4 ,pa9t] ,co41 #aija4 ,illu/rat$2 pp4 #gg-hd ,m]rill1 ,l4 ,h4 ,see ,woods1 ,*>les ,d4 ,morgan1 ,h4 ,a4 ,see ,burnette1 ,f4 ,h4 ,oliv]1 ,george ,w4 ,budd+ ! ,pecan4 ,wa%+ton3 ,gov]nm5t ,pr9t+ ,(fice1 #aijb4 ,illu/rat$2 p4 #ah4 ,bullet9 ,no4 #cj1 ,bureau ( ,plant ,indu/ry1 ,unit$ ,/ates ,dep>tm5t ( ,agriculture4 ,p>ry1 ,john ,r4 ,pecan 7,hicoria ,pecan1 etc471 9 ,nuts = ,pr(it4 ,p>ry1 ,n4 ,j43 ,john ,r4 ,p>ry4 ,copyright #ahig4 ,illu/rat$2 pp4 #ic-aah4 ,risi51 ,e4 ,e4 ,pecan ,culture = ,we/]n ,texas4 ,san ,saba3 ,e4 ,e4 ,risi54 ,copyright #aijc-aijd4 ,illu/rat$2 pp4 #f-ee4 ,/u>t ,pecan ,company4 ,! ,pecan & ,h[ to ,gr[ ,x4 ,*icago3 ,woman's ,temp]ance ,publi%+ ,co4 ,copyright #ahic4 ,illu/rat$2 pp4 #i-hj4 ,/ubbs1 ,william ,c4 ,see ,burnette1 ,f4 ,h4 ,taylor1 ,william ,a4 ,pecan1 9 ,report ( ! ,secret>y ( ,agriculture1 #ahic4 ,wa%+ton3 ,gov]nm5t ,pr9t+ ,(fice1 #ahid1 pp4 #bie-bif4 ---- ,pecan1 9 ,bailey's ,cyclop$ia ( ,am]ican ,horticulture4 ,new ,york3 ,! ,macmillan ,company4 ,vol4 ,,iii4 ,copyright #aija4 ,illu/rat$2 pp4 #abeb-abef4 ---- ,pecans1 9 ,ye>book1 ,unit$ ,/ates ,dep>tm5t ( ,agriculture1 #aijd4 ,wa%+ton3 ,gov]nm5t ,pr9t+ ,(fice1 #aije4 ,pls4 #b2 pp4 #dje-daf4 ,van ,deman1 ,h4 ,e4 ,nuts1 9 ,report ( ! ,secret>y ( ,agriculture1 #ahia4 ,wa%+ton3 ,gov]nm5t ,pr9t+ ,(fice1 #ahib2 p4 #cie4 ---- ,! ,pecan1 9 ,report ( ! ,secret>y ( ,agriculture1 #ahij4 ,wa%+ton3 ,gov]nm5t ,pr9t+ ,(fice1 #ahij4 ,pls4 #b2 pp4 #dae-daf4 ,wood1 ,wm4 ,h4 ,s4 ,pecans1 9 ,! ,am]ican ,fruit ,culturi/1 by ,john ,j4 ,?omas4 ,tw5ty-fir/ ,edition4 ,new ,york3 ,william ,wood ,co41 #aijc4 ,illu/rat$2 pp4 #ddi-dec4 ,woods1 ,*as4 ,d4 & ,m]rill1 ,l4 ,h4 ,pecan 7,hicoria pecan7 ,food ,analysis ,9 ,nuts z ,food4 ,orono1 #ahii2 pp4 #gd-ge4 ,bullet9 ,no4 #ed1 ,ma9e ,agricultural ,exp]im5t ,/ation4 ,,index4 ,acrobasis nebulella1 #ach ,analysis1 #ab ,annul> budd+1 #gh ,balant9us c>yae1 #adf ,bogus trees1 #ii ,bordeaux ,mixture1 #acc ,botany1 #ai ,brok5 trees1 #aah ,budd1 ,j4 ,l4 publication by1 #aec ,budd+1 #gh ,budd+ knives1 #gb-gd ,bud-/icks1 #gg ,bud worms1 #acg ,burnette1 ,f4 ,h4 publication by1 #aec ,c>e ( top-work$ trees1 #hg ,caseworms1 #ach ,catocalas1 #adj ,classification1 #bg ,*ip-budd+1 #gi-hj ,cleft graft+1 #hj ,corsa1 ,w4 ,p4 publication by1 #aec ,cross poll9ation1 #bc ,cultivation1 #aji ,cultivat$ range1 #af ,cur+1 #abd ,datana int]rigma1 #adb ,diseases1 #acj ,elaphidion villosum1 #add ,exports1 #ae ,fall webworm1 #adb ,family--,jugl&ace1 #bj ,f]tilization1 #aab ,f]tiliz]s-- apply+1 #aae be>+ trees1 #aad nurs]y trees1 #aab "y trees1 #aad ,fl[]s1 #bb ,food value1 #ab ,full] ,&rew ,s4 publication by1 #aec ,g5us--,hicoria1 #bj ,g(f1 ,e4 ,s4 publication by1 #aec ,goss>d1 ,h4 ,a4 publication by1 #aec ,grad+1 #abd ,graft+1 #hj ,graft+ iron1 #gb "t1 #gg wax1 #gd ,grapholi?a c>yae1 #adf ,hans51 ,n4 ,e4 publication by1 #aec ,h>c\rt1 ,hel5 publication by1 #aec ,heighes1 ,s4 ,b4 publication by1 #aed ,h]rick1 ,g4 ,w4 publication by1 #aed ,hexagonal-- plant+1 #ajd ,hicoria1 #bj ,hicoria m9ima1 #fa ,high-head$ trees1 #aaf ,hume1 ,h4 ,h>old publication by1 #aed ,humus1 #aji-aaj ,hybrid pecans1 #eg ,hyphantria cunea1 #adb ,imports1 #ae ,insects1 #ace ,judg+ pecans1 #fb ,k]nels1 #adh ,lay+ out1 #aje ,leaf blight1 #acj ,lit]ature1 #aec ,l[-head$ trees1 #aaf ,m>ket+1 #abf ,m]rill1 ,l4 ,h4 publication by1 #aed ,morgan1 ,h4 ,a4 publication by1 #aed ,native range1 #af-ba ,numb] p] acre1 #ajc ,nurs]y cultivation1 #gj ,nut-crack]s1 #ad ,oak prun]1 #add ,oil1 #aea ,oliv]1 ,g4 ,w4 publication by1 #aed ,oneid]es1 #adc ,or*>d crops1 #aaj ,packages1 #abe ,p>ry1 ,john ,h4 cultivation by1 #aed ,pat* budd+1 #gh ,pecan botany1 #ai cat]pill>1 #adb diseases1 #acj ,insects1 #ace tree bor]1 #ade k]nels1 #adh oil1 #aea outlook1 #aa /ocks1 #fh v>ieties1 #bf weevil1 #adf ,phosphoric acid1 #aac ,pick+1 #abc ,plant+-bo>d1 #ajg ,plant+ di/ances1 #ajb ,plant+ nuts1 #fi ,plant+ sy/ems1 #ajc ,plant+ "t1 #ajb ,plant+ trees1 #ajf ,plant+ ,sy/ems-- squ>e1 #ajd ,hexagonal1 #ajd ,poll9ation1 #bb ,pota%1 #aac ,proteopt]yx deludana1 #acg ,prun+1 #aaf "t1 #aag ,propagation1 #ff ,pur*as+ trees1 #ig ,plant+ trees1 #ajb ,quicks&1 #hi ,rectangul> plant+1 #ajd ,risi51 ,e4 ,e4 publication by1 #aed ,root prun+1 #aai ,rosette1 #acb ,scab1 #aca ,scions1 selection (1 #ge ,se$l+ trees1 #ff ,selection ( v>ieties1 #ic ,sesia scitula1 #ade ,%uck worm1 #adf ,soils1 #hi prep>ation1 #ia ,/ocks1 #fh ,/or+1 #abg ,/or+ se$ nuts1 #fi ,/u>t ,pecan ,company1 publication by1 #aed ,/ubbs1 ,william ,co4 publication by1 #aed ,taproot1 #abj ,taylor1 ,william ,a4 publications by1 #aed ,top-work+1 #hd ,twig girdl]1 #adc ,van ,deman1 ,h4 ,e4 publication by1 #aee ,v>ieties-- ,alba1 #bh ,alley1 #bh ,atlanta1 #bh ,bacon1 #bh ,bacon's ,*oice1 #bh ,b>t[1 #bi ,beauty1 #bi ,belle1 #bi ,bi$ig]1 #bi ,biloxi1 #bi ,black ,jack1 #bi ,bolton1 #bi ,b\rgeois1 #ee ,brackett1 #cj ,bradley1 #cj ,brid51 #cj ,bullets1 #cj ,capital1 #cj ,c>man1 #cj ,ca/an]a1 #eb ,c5t5nial1 #ca ,c5tury1 #di ,*iquita1 #ca ,cl>k1 #ca ,colorado1 #ca ,columbia1 #di ,columbian1 #di ,curtis1 #ca ,curtis ,no4 #b1 #ca ,curtis ,no4 #c1 #dh ,curtis ,no4 #e1 #ch ,daisy1 #cb ,dalzell1 #cb ,deimas1 #cc ,dewey1 #cc ,de ,witt1 #cd ,de ,witt ,mammo?1 #dd 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