file 0 produc$ f images produc$ by ,core
 ,hi/orical ,lit]ature 9 ,agriculture   
7,,*la71 ,cornell ,univ]sity7           
,,!  ,,caulifl[]   ,,by   ,a4 ,a4       
,,crozi]4    ,,! ,,rural ,,publi%+      
,,company1  ,,times ,,build+1  ,,new    
,,york4   ,copyright1 #ahia1  ,,by ,a4  
,a4 ,,crozi]4  ,ann ,arbor1 ,mi*4       
,illu/ration3 ,,e>ly ,,alaba/]4--7,,see 
,,page #abg74       ,!re has und\bt$ly  
be5 m money made by ! cultivation     ( 
! caulifl[] p] acre ?an by any o!r      
vegetable yet     discov]$4   ,,isaac   
,f4 ,,till+ha/1  ,p5nsylvania4          
,!re is no vegetable1 ! cultivation (   
:i* is m     g5]ally neglect$ ?an t ( ! 
caulifl[]4 ,?is is n     because x is n 
consid]$ a valuable addition to any     
g>d51     b f a mi/ak5 notion t x is a v
 difficult     vegetable to raise4   ,h4
 ,m4 ,,/r+fell[1  ,texas4       ,i      
incl9e to ?9k t !re is a =tune 9 /ore = 
!     en]getic "y man :o f9ds a         
favorable locality = gr[+     ?is       
vegetable ne> any "o ( our l>ge cities &

 :o makes a     specialty ( ! "w4       
,,pr(4 ,e4 ,s4 ,,g(f1  ,wiscons94       
,,cont5ts4                              
,,page4  ,,introduction4                
#e  ,,orig9 ,,& ,,hi/ory4               
#i  ,,! ,,caulifl[] ,,indu/ry4--,9      
,europe4 ,9 !    ,unit$ ,/ates4         
,importation ( ,caulifl[]s4             
#ai  ,,managem5t ,,( ,,! ,,crop4--,soil4
 ,f]tiliz]s4    ,plant+4 ,cultivat+4    
,h>ve/+4 ,keep+4 ,m>ket+4         #be   
,,! ,,e>ly ,,crop4--,caution aga9/      
,plant+ x    l>gely4 ,special           
,directions4 ,button+4                  
#ec  ,,caulifl[] ,,regions ,,( ,,!      
,,unit$ ,,/ates4--,upp]    ,atlantic    
,coa/4 ,lake ,region4 ,prairie ,region4 
,caulifl[]s    9 ! ,s\?4 ,! ,pacific    
,coa/4                               #fa
  ,,insect ,,& ,,fungus                 
,,enemies4--,flea ,beetle4 ,cut         
,worms4 ,cabbage ,maggot4 ,cabbage      
,worm4 ,/em ,rot4 ,damp+    ,(f4 ,black 
,leg4                                   
#ic  ,,caulifl[] ,,se$4--,importance (  

,c>eful    ,selection4 ,:]e ! ,se$ is   
,gr[n4 ,influ5ce (    ,climate4 ,am]ican
 ,gr[n ,se$4                            
#ajg  ,,v>ieties4--,descriptive         
,catalogue4 ,ord] (    ,e>l9ess4 ,v>iety
 ,te/s4 ,be/ ,v>ieties4                 
#abe  ,,broccoli4--,diff]5ces betwe5    
,broccoli &    ,caulifl[]4 ,cultivation1
 ,use1 & ,v>ieties (    ,broccoli4      
#ahi  ,,cook+                           
,,caulifl[]4--,dige/ibility4 ,nutritive 
,value4 ,*emical ,composition4          
,receipts4                        #aie  
,,recapitulation4                       
#bba  ,,gloss>y4                        
#bbc  ,,ref]5ces4                       
#bbf     ,,introduction4   ,! caulifl[] 
is "o ( ! m9or vegetables :i* is n[     
attract+ m ?an ord9>y att5tion 9 ?is    
c\ntry1 & be+ gr[n ) rem>kable success &
 pr(it 9 a few localities :i* h be5 f\nd
 to be p>ticul>ly adapt$ to x4 ,) mo/ ( 
our g>d5]s1 h[ev]1 x is /ill consid]$ a 
v unc]ta9 & unpr(itable crop4 ,?is is   
due n only to ! peculi> requirem5ts ( ! 

caulifl[] z to soil & climate1 b also to
 ! want ( famili>ity on ! "p ( mo/      
,am]ican g>d5]s ) mod]n v>ieties & )    
me?ods ( cultivation adapt$ to our      
climate4  ,= a numb] ( ye>s1 :ile engag$
 9 m>ket g>d5+ & fruit gr[+ 9 ,we/]n    
,mi*igan1 ! writ] made a specialty (    
rais+ caulifl[]s = ! ,gr& ,rapids &     
,*icago m>kets1 plant+ f ?ree to five   
acres a ye>4 ,dur+ ?is "t mo/ ( !       
v>ieties (f]$ by ,am]ican se$sm5 7 te/$1
 & ! be/ me?ods ( cultivation s\ght4 ,on
 ! :ole1 ! caulifl[] crop 0 f\nd m      
pr(itable ?an any o!r1 ) ! possible     
exception ( pea*es4 ,!re 7 p>tial       
failures1 b ^! 7 due to causes :i* might
 h be5 =ese5 & prev5t$4 ,! exp]i5ce ga9$
 at t "t1 & subsequ5t obs]vation1 h     
conv9c$ ! au?or t !re are _m p>ts ( !   
c\ntry 9 :i* ! climate & soil are adapt$
 to ?is vegetable1 b :]e its cultivation
 is yet practically unkn[n4 ,!          
requirem5ts = success ) caulifl[] w be  
f\nd to be simple b imp]ative4 ,a few   
direct exp]im5ts may be ne$$ aft] "o has

 ga9$ ! g5]al in=mation h]e9 set =?1 to 
enable "o to det]m9e :e!r x is be/ to   
cont9ue or ab&on its cultivation 9 8 own
 locality4  ,i h endeavor$ to treat !   
subject 9 a mann] adapt$ to ! div]sity (
 conditions f\nd )9 ! limits ( ! ,unit$ 
,/ates4 ,) no vegetable is x m important
 to h fix$ rules = "o's guidance ?an ) !
 caulifl[]2 b ^! rules mu/ ( necessity  
be ( ! mo/ re/rict$ application2 9 fact1
 !y require to be adju/$ to almo/ ea*   
individual case4 ,s1 :ile ,i h n omitt$ 
to give m9ute1 practical directions :]e 
!y seem$ necess>y1 ,i h endeavor$ to    
call att5tion to ! circum/ances "u :i*  
!y are to be employ$1 & mu/ "h caution !
 gr[] aga9/ foll[+ !m too implicitly "u 
diff]5t circum/ances4 ,?is rem>k applies
 p>ticul>ly to ! selection ( v>ieties & 
! dates ( plant+4  ,"u ! head (         
,managem5t ( ! ,crop w be f\nd ! mo/    
important in=mation ( g5]al application1
 :ile 9 ! *apt] on ,caulifl[] ,regions  
are giv5 num]\s records ( exp]i5ce f    
gr[]s 9 all p>ts ( ! c\ntry1 :i* w be   

f\nd ( special value = ea* locality4    
,^? :o desire direct in=mation on       
p>ticul> po9ts w consult ! index & turn 
at once to ! p>agraphs :i* treat ( soil1
 culture1 enemies1 m>ket+1 be/ v>ieties1
 etc4 ,x is un=tunate t confusion exi/s 
9 reg>d to "s ( ! v>ieties1 b x seem$   
be/ to make ! li/ z complete z possible1
 ev5 at ! risk ( introduc+ a few errors4
 ,! confusion 7:i* is m app>5t ?an      
real71 arises1 9 "p1 f se$s ( c]ta9     
v>ieties hav+ be5 sold at times = ^? (  
o!rs1 & 9 "p f ! extreme liability ( !  
v>ieties ( ! caulifl[] to det]iorate or 
*ange4 ,errors f bo? ^! s\rces1 :5 r$uc$
 to a m9imum by ! accumulation (        
evid5ce1 reveal ! fact t !re are        
v>ieties & gr\ps ( v>ieties :i* h       
acquir$ well def9$ *>act]s1 & t !       
diff]5ces betwe5 ! v>ieties are increas+
 r ?an o!rwise z "t goes on4 ,!         
selection ( v>ieties = plant+ is a matt]
 to be det]m9$ l>gely by ! locality :]e 
!y are to be gr[n4 ,! diff]5ces betwe5  
!m lie ma9ly 9 _! adaptation to p>ticul>

 purposes4 ,!re are almo/ none b :at are
 good some:]e4  ,i _c omit to emphasize 
"h ! fact t ! fall crop %\ld be ma9ly   
reli$ ^u 9 ?is c\ntry4 ,x is a wa/e ( "t
 to attempt to h caulifl[]s head 9 our  
hot summ] mon?s1 & until our m>kets are 
bett] suppli$ ?an !y n[ are ) ?is       
vegetable1 x w n (t5 pay to d mu* ) !   
spr+ crop4 ,! "t may come :51 z 9       
,engl&1 we may expect to h caulifl[] &  
broccoli ! ye> r\nd1 b x has n come yet4
  ,! *apt] on cook+ caulifl[] %\ld n be 
ov]look$4 ,"o reason :y !re is su* a    
limit$ dem& = ?is vegetable 9 ?is c\ntry
 is t s few "h "k h[ to cook x4 ,!      
me?ods ( cook+ x are simple en\gh1 b !re
 are _m p]sons :o always hesitate to try
 any?+ new1 & z caulifl[]s d n appe>    
regul>ly 9 ! m>ket ^! p nev] le>n h[ to 
use !m4  ,^? int]e/$ 9 ext5d+ ! m>ket = 
?is vegetable w d well to devise special
 means = introduc+ x into families n    
famili> ) x4 ,! writ] f\nd t =eign]s :o 
_h be5 accu/om$ to ! use ( caulifl[] 9 !
 ,old ,c\ntry 7 8 be/ cu/om]s4     ,,!  

,,caulifl[]4     ,,*apt] ,i4  ,,orig9   
,,& ,,hi/ory4   ,on ! sea-coa/s ( ,great
 ,brita9 & o!r c\ntries ( we/]n ,europe1
 f ,norway ar\nd to ! nor!rn %ores ( !  
,m$it]ranean 7:]e x is *iefly at home7  
gr[s a small bi5nial plant1 look+       
some:at l a mu/>d or half-gr[n cabbage4 
,?is is ! wild cabbage1 ,brassica       
ol]acea1 f :i* our cultivat$ cabbages   
orig9at$4 ,x is entirely de/itute ( a   
head1 b has r succul5t /ems & leaves1 & 
has be5 us$ m or less = food f ! e>lie/ 
hi/oric times4 ,! cultivat$ plants :i*  
mo/ resemble ?is wild species1 are our  
diff]5t sorts ( kale4 ,9 fact ?is wild  
plant is ! orig9al1 n only ( our head$  
cabbage 9 its diff]5t v>ieties1 b also (
 all =ms ( kale1 ! kohl-rabi1           
brussels-spr\ts1 broccolis & caulifl[]s4
 ,no m wond]ful example ?an ?is exi/s ( 
! *anges produc$ 9 a wild plant by      
cultivation4 ,j :5 ! improvem5t ( ! wild
 cabbage began is unkn[n1 probably at   
lea/ #djjj ye>s ago4 ,( ! cultivat$ =ms 
( ?is species ,!ophra/us di/+ui%$ ?ree1 

,pl9y1 six2 ,t\rne=t1 tw5ty2 & ,de      
,c&olle1 9 #ahba1 m ?an ?irty4 ,= a long
 "t ?is plant 0 us$ = food 9 a slightly 
improv$ /ate be=e heads ( any k9d 7     
develop$4 ,/urtevant1 quotes ,oliv] de  
,s]res1 z say+ t1 ,:ite cabbages came f 
! nor?1 & ! art ( mak+ !m head 0 unkn[n 
9 ! "t ( ,*>lemagne4 ,he adds t ! fir/  
unmi/akable ref]5ce to our head$ cabbage
 t he f9ds is by ,rullius1 :o 9 #aecf   
m5tions globul> heads1 a foot & a half 9
 diamet]4 ,x 0 probably ab\t ?is "t t ! 
caulifl[]1 & sev]al o!r =ms ( ! species 
made _! appe>ance4 ,!re is diff]5ce (   
op9ion z to :e!r our caulifl[]s or !    
broccolis 7 fir/ to orig9ate4 ,london   
believ$ t ! broccolis1 :i* ,mill] says  
fir/ came to ,engl& f ,italy 9 #agai1 7 
d]iv$ f ! caulifl[]4 ,phillips1 9 8     
,hi/ory ( ,cultivat$ ,vegetables1 said1 
9 #ahbb1 t ! broccoli appe>s to be an   
accid5tal mixture ( ! common cabbage & !
 caulifl[]1 b ( ?is he gives no pro(4   
,/urtevant says3 ,x is c]ta9ly v curi\s 
t ! e>ly botani/s did n describe or     

figure ! broccoli4 ,! omission is only  
expla9able on ! supposition t x 0       
conf\nd$ ) ! caulifl[]1 j z ,l9naeus    
br\ght ! caulifl[] & ! broccoli into "o 
botanical v>iety4 ,:5 broccolis came to 
,engl& f ,italy1 !y 7 at fir/ kn[n "u ! 
names spr\t-caulifl[]1 or ,italian      
asp>agus4 ,?is1 h[ev]1 is n suffici5t   
reason = believ+ t ! broccolis are d]iv$
 f ! caulifl[]s1 z ! ^w broccoli 01 &   
/ill is1 appli$ 9 ,italy to ! t5d] %oots
 ( v>i\s k9ds ( cabbages & turnips4  ,"s
 rec5t au?orities h believ$1 s9ce !     
broccoli is co>s] ?an ! caulifl[]1 m    
v>iable 9 "*1 m robu/ 9 habit1 &        
requires a long] season1 t x is !       
orig9al =m1 ( :i* ! caulifl[] is only an
 improvem5t4 ,?us1 ,vilmor9 says3 ,!    
spr\t+ or asp>agus broccoli repres5ts ! 
fir/ =m exhibit$ by ! new vegetable :5 x
 ceas$ to be ! e>lie/ cabbage1 & 0 gr[n 
) an especial view to its %oots2 aft]   
?is1 by cont9u$ selection & successive  
improvem5ts1 v>ieties 7 obta9$ :i*      
produc$ a compact :ite head1 & "s ( ^!  

v>ieties 7 /ill fur!r improv$ into k9ds 
:i* are suffici5tly e>ly to comm5ce &   
complete _! entire gr[? 9 ! c\rse ( !   
same ye>2 ^! la/ nam$ k9ds are n[ kn[n  
by ! "n ( caulifl[]s4  ,at ! ,cir5ce/]  
,agricultural ,college1 ,engl&1 ab\t    
#ahfj1 broccolis 7 produc$1 ) o!r       
v>iables1 directly f se$s ( ! wild      
cabbage4 ,^!1 & o!r consid]ations1 make 
x seem d\btful t our broccolis h        
orig9at$ f our caulifl[]s4 ,:atev] !    
orig9al =m ( ! caulifl[] may h be51 x   
seems m probable t ! broccolis n[ gr[n  
_h a sep>ate orig91 ei!r f ! wild /ate  
or f "s =m ( kale4 ,ne>ly all our pres5t
 v>ieties ( broccoli orig9at$ 9 ,engl& f
 a few sorts introduc$ f ,italy4        
,caulifl[]s1 9 "n at lea/1 are old] ?an 
! broccolis1 & 7 br\ght to a high /ate (
 developm5t & widely di/ribut$ be=e !   
latt] are m5tion$ 9 hi/ory4 ,!y 7 gr[n 9
 ! ,m$it]ranean region long be=e !y     
became kn[n 9 o!r p>ts ( ,europe4       
,/urtevant f9ds no m5tion ( ! caulifl[] 
or broccoli 9 anci5t au?ors1 ! only     

indication ( ! k9d be+ ! use ( ! ^w cyma
 by ,pl9y = a =m ( ! cabbage tribe1 :i* 
he ?9ks may h be5 ! broccoli4 ,heuze    
/ates t ?ree v>ieties ( caulifl[] 7 kn[n
 9 ,spa9 9 ! twelf? c5tury4 ,9 #aefe !  
caulifl[] is report$ z be+ ext5sively   
gr[n 9 ,hayti 9 ! ,new ,_w4  ,9 #aegc-e1
 ,rauwolf1 :ile travel+ 9 ! ,ea/1 f\nd !
 caulifl[] cultivat$ at ,aleppo1 9      
,turkey4 ,x seems to h be5 introduc$    
into ,engl& f ! ,isl& ( ,cyprus1 & x is 
m5tion$ by ,lyte1 9 #aehf1 "u ! "n (    
,cyprus coleworts4  ,alp9us1 9 8 "w on !
 ,plants ( ,egypt1 publi%$ 9 #aeia1     
/ates t ! only plants ( ! cabbage tribe 
:i* he saw 9 t c\ntry 7 ! caulifl[] &   
kohl-rabi4 ,caulifl[] 0 also well kn[n 9
 ,greece at an e>ly day4  ,g]>d publi%$ 
a figure ( x 9 ,engl& 9 #aeig4 ,9 #afab 
x is report$ z be+ cultivat$ 9 ,france1 
& 9 #afai z be+ sold 9 ! ,london m>ket4 
,9 #afid ,pompes1 a ,fr5* au?or1 is     
quot$ z say+ t1 ,x comes to u 9 ,p>is by
 way ( ,m>seilles f ! ,isle ( ,cyprus1  
:i* is ! only place ,i "k ( :]e x se$s4 

,f ?is "t on1 its cultivation gradually 
ext5d$ ?r\gh\t ,europe4 ,9 ,engl&1      
especially1 ! caulifl[]1 z well z !     
broccoli1 became a popul> g>d5          
vegetable4 ,philip ,mill]1 9 8 ,g>d5]'s 
,diction>y1 publi%$ 9 #agda1 gives a    
long description ( ! me?od ( gr[+ ?is   
vegetable1 ?\gh m5tion+ b "o v>iety1    
:ile sev]al v>ieties ( broccoli are     
describ$4 ,he says1 h[ev]1 t caulifl[]s 
h ( late ye>s be5 s f> improv$ 9 ,engl& 
z to f> exce$ 9 goodness & magnitude :at
 are produc$ 9 mo/ p>ts ( ,europe4      
,prior to ! ,fr5* ,revolution1 7:i*     
began 9 #aggh7 caulifl[] _h1 9 fact1    
come to be l>gely export$ f ,engl& into 
,holl&1 ,g]many & ,france2 b soon aft]  
?is x came to be m g5]ally gr[n 9 ^?    
c\ntries & 0 no long] import$1 ?\gh     
,engli% se$ 0 /ill us$4  ,! num]\s      
v>ieties ( caulifl[] n[ cultivat$ are ( 
comp>atively rec5t orig94 ,al?\gh "s ( !
 e>lie/ writ]s on ?is vegetable m5tion  
two or m v>ieties1 ^! 7 9 "s cases m]ely
 diff]5t crops produc$ by s[+ ! se$ at  

diff]5t p]iods4 ,9 #agif1 ,m>%all1 9 8  
,engli% "w on g>d5+1 says t caulifl[] is
 sometimes di/+ui%$ into an e>ly & late 
sort2 ?\gh 9 fact !re is no diff]5ce1   
only z ! se$ ( t call$ 'e>ly' is sav$ f 
! =emo/ plants4 ,phillips1 9 #ahbb1     
said3 ,our g>d5]s furni% u ) an e>ly & a
 late v>iety1 bo? ( :i* are mu* e/eem$4 
,9 #ahca1 ,don1 ( ,engl&1 9 8 "w on     
botany & g>d5+ 7,hi/ory ( ,di*lamyde\s  
,plants7 describes fifte5 v>ieties (    
broccoli & ?ree ( caulifl[]4 ,! latt] 7 
kn[n z ,e>ly1 ,lat] or ,l>ge1 & ,r$1 !  
la/ be+ ! mo/ h>dy4 ,^! ?ree k9ds diff]$
 b little 9 g5]al "*1 & 7 all incl9$ to 
sport into inf]ior v>ieties4  ,9 #ahcb  
!re 0 /ill a discussion 9 ,engl& z to   
:e!r ! e>ly & late caulifl[]s 7 really  
di/9ct1 or diff]$ only 9 "t ( s[+4      
,john ,rog]s1 9 8 ,vegetable ,cultivator
 7,london1 #ahdc71 said3 ,!re are two   
v>ieties ( ! caulifl[]1 ! e>ly & ! late1
 :i* are alike 9 _! gr[? & size1 only t 
! e>ly k9d1 z ! "n implies1 comes 9 ab\t
 a week be=e ! o!r1 provid$ ! true sort 

has be5 obta9$4 ,!re is1 h[ev]1 no      
c]ta9ty ( kn[+ ?is1 unless by s[+ ! se$ 
f ! e>lie/ sorts1 z is ! practice ( !   
,london kit*5 g>d5]s4 ,! e>ly v>iety 0  
gr[n = a numb] ( ye>s 9 ! gr\nds call$ !
 ,meat-h\se ,g>d5s1 at ,millbank1 ne>   
,*elsea1 & 0 ( a sup]ior quality1 &     
g5]ally ! fir/ at m>ket4 ,! late v>iety 
is suppos$ to h orig9at$ f a /ock = _m  
ye>s cultivat$ on a piece ( gr\nd call$ 
! ,jamaica level1 ne> ,dept=d1 & :i*    
produc$ uncommonly f9e heads1 b lat] ?an
 ^? at ,millbank4 ,bo? soils are ne>ly  
simil>1 be+ a deep ri* loam1 on a moi/  
subsoil1 & cont9ually enri*$ ) dung4    
,bo? ! v>ieties are ( a delicate nature1
 be+ g5]ally too t5d] to resi/ ! cold ( 
! w9t] season )\t ! occasional aid (    
glasses or o!r means2 & ! sight ( _m    
acres ov]spread ) su* glasses 9 !       
vic9ity ( ,london gives a /rang] a      
=cible idea ( ! ri*es & luxury ( !      
capital4  ,9 ,france1 9 #ahbd1 ?ree     
v>ieties1 diff]+ ma9ly 9 e>l9ess1 7     
recogniz$1 le dur1 le demi-dur & le     

t5dre4 ,^! names are /ill appli$ to well
 kn[n ,fr5* sorts4  ,victor ,paquet1 9 8
 ,plantes ,potag]s1 publi%$ at ,p>is 9  
#ahdf1 says3 ,! great] numb] ( v>ieties 
( caulifl[] are :ite1 b "s are gre5 or  
r$di%4 ,!y are cook$ 9 wat]1 & dress$ ) 
oil or :ite sauce4 ,we cultivate two    
di/9ct v>ieties1 t5dre & demi-dur4 ,!   
sub-v>ieties gros & petit ,solomon are  
sorts ( ! t5dre4  ,?us we see t e>ly 9 !
 pres5t c5tury !re 7 sorts diff]+ at    
lea/ 9 "t ( maturity :i* _h orig9at$ by 
selection2 &1 al?\gh hi/ory does n %[ x1
 we mu/ inf] t ev5 !n !re 7 di/9ct      
diff]5ces 9 ! caulifl[]s cultivat$ 9    
diff]5t p>ts ( ,europe4 ,f ?is "t on    
caulifl[]s f v>i\s localities 7 br\ght m
 into public notice & great] ef=ts 7    
made t[>d _! improvem5t4  ,9 #ahde1 ,c4 
,m4 ,hovey1 ( ,bo/on1 said1 t ! v>ieties
 ( caulifl[] h be5 greatly improv$ )9 a 
few ye>s1 & n[ n less ?an a doz5 k9ds   
are f\nd 9 ! catalogues4 ,! mo/ not$ (  
^? m5tion$ by him are ,wal*]5 & ,l>ge   
,asiatic--v>ieties /ill 9 cultivation4  

,burr describ$ t5 sorts 9 #ahfc1 &      
,vilmor9 sixte5 sorts 9 #ahhc4 ,!re are 
record$ 9 ! pres5t "w ! names ( "o      
hundr$ & =ty v>ieties besides synonyms4 
,"s ( ^! v>ieties are no long]          
cultivat$1 & a few are too ne> o!r sorts
 to be consid]$ wor?y ( a sep>ate "n2 s 
t ( ! caulifl[]s prop] !re may be said  
to be n[ 9 cultivation ab\t "o hundr$   
di/9ct v>ieties4     ,,*apt] ,,ii4  ,,! 
,,caulifl[] ,,indu/ry4   ,9 ! ,unit$    
,/ates1 z already /at$1 ! caulifl[]     
indu/ry is b little develop$4 ,?is      
vegetable receives1 = example1 f> less  
att5tion ?an is giv5 to cel]y1 ?\gh x is
 m easily gr[n4 ,"o may look ov] ! rec5t
 files ( "s ( our agricultural &        
horticultural pap]s = sev]al ye>s toge!r
 & n f9d ! caulifl[] m5tion$4 ,9 fact1 m
 g5]al att5tion 0 giv5 ! caulifl[] 9 ?is
 c\ntry =ty ye>s ago ?an to-day4 ,!     
disappo9tm5ts ( ^? :o attempt$ to gr[   
caulifl[] at an e>ly day1 expect+ to gr[
 x1 z 9 ,europe1 ) z little tr\ble z    
cabbage1 h l$ to an almo/ univ]sal      

belief t ! caulifl[] is peculi>ly       
unreliable 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,?is1 = a 
l>ge portion ( ! c\ntry1 is true2 b x is
 beg9n+ to be kn[n t !re are localities 
:]e1 ) prop] managem5t1 x is almo/ z    
safe z any crop4  ,x is by no means true
 t 9 ,europe ! caulifl[] is ev]y:]e gr[n
 ) success4 ,!re are comp>atively small 
areas1 ev5 9 ! mo/ favorable portions ( 
t cont95t1 :]e x c be pr(itably gr[n4   
,al?\gh ! climate ( ,europe1 z a :ole1  
is bett] = ?is vegetable ?an t ( !      
,unit$ ,/ates1 ! great] success ) !     
caulifl[] !re is due l>gely to ! great] 
c>e ex]cis$ 9 *oos+ prop] soil1 9       
f]tilization1 & 9 irrigation4 ,! area ( 
caulifl[] gr[+ has l>gely increas$ 9    
,europe )9 ! pa/ few ye>s4 ,9 ! vic9ity 
( ,angi]s1 ,france1 ! gr[+ ( caulifl[] =
 m>ket began ab\t #ahhj4 ,9 a %ort "t x 
rea*$ an ext5t ( sev]al ?\s& hect>es 7a 
hect>e is two & "o-half acres74 ,!re is 
f\nd 9 ?is region a loamy soil1 su* z is
 especially suitable = ?is vegetable4 ,!
 l& is ?r[n up into b$s tw5ty-five or   

?irty feet wide1 ) dit*es betwe5 =      
irrigation4 ,! r[s are plac$ two &      
"o-half feet ap>t1 & ! plants "o &      
"o-half feet ap>t 9 ! r[s4 ,on ! approa*
 ( w9t] ! plants :i* are /ill unhead$   
are ridg$ up ) e>? = protection 9 ! same
 mann] z cel]y4 ,! crop fails f too cold
 or too wet wea!r1 ab\t "o ye> 9 five4  
,! heads are mo/ly s5t to ,p>is1 & sell 
!re at f =ty c5ts to #a p] doz54 ,ev5 at
 ^! rates ! crop is a pr(itable "o1 (t5 
br++ #cjj p] acre aft] pay+ ! co/ (     
m>ket+4 ,l& is wor? f #bd to #dj p]     
acre4 ,= ?ree or f\r weeks 9 spr+ !re   
are s5t f ,angi]s to ,p>is1 on an       
av]age1 =ty c>-loads p] day4 ,9 !       
imm$iate vic9ity ( ,p>is l>ge quantities
 ( caulifl[] are gr[n = m>ket4  ,9 "s   
p>ts ( ,g]many ! caulifl[] is a v popul>
 crop4 ,ar\nd ,erfurt1 :i* is ne>ly 9 ! 
c5t] ( ! empire1 great] c>e is tak5 )   
its cultivation ?an probably any:]e else
 9 ! _w1 & l>ge quantities are gr[n =   
se$4 ,! late ,james ,vick has told      
7,report ,mi*4 ,pom4 ,soc41 #ahgd1 p4   

#bjf17 h[ ! l[ swampy l& ar\nd ,erfurt  
is ?r[n up into wide b$s ) dit*es       
betwe51 f :i*1 e dry day1 ! wat] is     
dipp$ ^u ! plants4 ,9 ,au/ria1 also1    
caulifl[] is a well-kn[n vegetable1 &   
sev]al valuable v>ieties h orig9at$ 9 t 
c\ntry4 ,few se$sm5 (f] a m complete li/
 ( v>ieties ?an ^? ( ,vi5na4 ,9 ,italy !
 caulifl[] has long be5 kn[n1 & 9 "s    
places is a /aple food ( ! poor]        
classes4 ,mo/ ( our /&>d late v>ieties  
are ( ,italian orig94  ,9 ,holl&1       
caulifl[]s are gr[n n only = home use & 
= se$1 b also = ! e>ly ,london m>ket4   
,ar\nd ,london ! caulifl[] has be5      
ext5sively gr[n = a long] "t ?an any:]e 
else1 & x is !re reg>d$ z "o ( ! mo/    
important g>d5 crops4 ,a rec5t ,engli%  
writ] says3 ,) ! exception ( ! potato1  
,i "q :e!r !re is ano!r vegetable to be 
comp>$ ) ! caulifl[] = g5]al usefulness4
 ,hundr$s ( acres are devot$ to x ne>   
,london1 a l>ge portion be+ "u glass = !
 e>ly crop4 ,=m]ly ! caulifl[] crop 0   
all cut & s5t to m>ket1 ) ! exception ( 

a small portion sav$ = se$2 b ( late1   
ext5sive fields are pur*as$ entire by   
,crosse & ,blackwell = pickl+ purposes4 
,9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates !re are a few po9ts  
:]e ! gr[+ ( caulifl[] = m>ket is assum+
 consid]able importance4 ,on ,long      
,isl&1 9 #ahgi1 ! crop 0 e/imat$ by     
,oeml] at #ajj1jjj p\nds1 besides :at 0 
us$ = pickl+4 ,9 #ahhe ,brill e/imat$ ! 
total crop ( ,suffolk ,c\nty at ab\t    
#abe1jjj b>rels4 ,9 #ahhi1 ! value ( !  
crop sold f ,suffolk ,c\nty 0 e/imat$ at
 #bjj1jjj1 n9e-t5?s ( all ! caulifl[]s  
s5t to ! ,new ,york m>ket be+ gr[n 9 t  
c\nty4 ,at ,f>m+dale & ,c5tral ,p>k1 9  
#ahhh1 two pickle factories us$ five    
hundr$ b>rels ( caulifl[]s1 besides !   
usual proportion ( o!r vegetables4 ,mu* 
( ! crop f ,long ,isl& is n[ s5t to     
m>kets beyond ,new ,york4 ,philadelphia 
receives b little good caulifl[] except 
t :i* comes f ,long ,isl&4 ,! same is   
true ( ! city ( ,wa%+ton4 ,! receipts 9 
! latt] city f ,long ,isl& = ! ?ree fall
 mon?s ( #ahij 7 ab\t #bj1jjj b>rels4   

,! ,*icago m>ket is seldom fully suppli$
 ) caulifl[]s & ! price !re av]ages     
fully z good z any:]e 9 ! c\ntry4       
,consid]able am\nts are gr[n ne> ! city1
 & small quantities are %ipp$ 9 f       
,mi*igan1 ,wiscons91 ,c5tral ,ill9ois1 &
 ev5 f ,cali=nia4 ,"o pickle factory at 
,cry/al ,lake1 ne> ,*icago1 contract$1 9
 #ahgd1 = #af acres ( caulifl[]s1       
besides o!r produce4 ,! pickle factories
 always furni% a m>ket = any surplus :5 
! price is l[1 or ! heads h become      
disfigur$ 9 any way4 ,9 fact1 ! supply (
 home gr[n caulifl[]s is always         
insuffici5t = pickl+ purposes1 & l>ge   
am\nts h to be annually import$1 not)/&+
 ! t>iff1 :i*1 =m]ly t5 p] c5t41 ad     
valorum1 is n[ =ty-five p] c5t4 ,import$
 caulifl[]s are br\ght ma9ly f ,g]many &
 ,holl&1 & come pack$ 9 br9e 9 #fj      
gallon casks4 ,l>ge quantities ( mix$   
pickles conta9+ caulifl[] are also      
import$4     ,,*apt] ,,iii4  ,,managem5t
 ,,( ,,! ,,crop4   ,,soil4  ,almo/ any  
soil w d = ! caulifl[]1 provid+ x is    

moi/ & f]tile4 ,! requirem5ts ( ?is     
vegetable z to soil are practically !   
same z ^? = ! cabbage1 except1 t z !    
caulifl[] w /& less dr\?1 x %\ld g5]ally
 h a heavi] & ri*] soil1 & r m room4 ,a 
soil :i* produces cabbages ) l>ge & r   
s(t heads is likely to be good =        
caulifl[]s2 t is1 x conta9s m vegetable 
matt] ?an ! "r am\nt = produc+ h>d heads
 ( cabbage4 ,muck w answ] = caulifl[]s  
if x is n too wet or too dry2 x %\ld l  
any o!r soil be treat$ to a good coat ( 
b>n-y>d manure--horse manure be+        
pref]able on su* l&1 z x promotes       
f]m5tation4 ,small quantities ( lime may
 also be appli$ = ! same reason4  ,! be/
 soil is g5]ally a /rong s&y loam4      
,light s& or gravel is ! poore/2 &      
unless made v ri* & artificially wat]$1 
x is useless to attempt to gr[          
caulifl[]s on su* a soil 9 ord9>y       
seasons4 ,heavy clay is less suitable = 
caulifl[] ?an = cabbage1 *iefly because 
on su* a soil ! plants are apt to be    
small & late4 ,9 a w>m climate a heavi] 

soil is requir$ ?an 9 a cool "o4 ,!     
gr\nd %\ld1 if possible1 be fre% sod-l& 
7pref]ably pa/ure7 or at mo/ "o ye>     
remov$ f ! sod4 ,x is unsafe to plant   
caulifl[]s aft] caulifl[]s1 or any o!r  
plant ( ! cabbage tribe1 ?\gh x is      
sometimes successfully done4 ,newly     
cle>$ l&1 or l& fre% f ! sod1 is ev5 m  
desirable = caulifl[]s ?an = cabbages4  
,on new l& ! crop is n only less subject
 to disease & ! attacks ( insects1 b its
 gr[? is likely to be m satisfactory1   
ev5 )\t manure1 or ) only a mod]ate     
am\nt1 ?an x is on old l&1 h[ev] well   
manur$4   ,,f]tiliz]s4  ,! caulifl[] is 
a gross fe$]1 & l& int5d$ = ?is crop c  
h>dly be made too ri*4 ,b>n-y>d manure  
is usually employ$1 & !re is no?+ bett] 
= g5]al use4 ,comm]cial                 
f]tiliz]s--pota%1 soda & phosphates--are
 also good1 especially to promote head+4
 ,! wild plant f :i* ! caulifl[] is     
d]iv$ be+ a native ( ! sea-%ore1 common 
salt seems p>ticul>ly adapt$ to x4      
,kelp1 or sea-we$1 is us$ ) advantage   

:]e x c be obta9$4  ,if b>n-y>d manure  
is n too co>se1 pl[+ x "u 9 mod]ate     
am\nt w1 9 addition to its f]tiliz+     
effect1 help to keep ! l& moi/4 ,:]e !  
cabbage maggot is tr\blesome ! use (    
fre% /able manure is ?\ght to promote ! 
attack ( t insect1 & !re=e only well    
rott$ manure is recomm5d$4 ,( c\rse a   
l>g] am\nt ( manure may be safely appli$
 if x is well rott$ ?an if x is co>se & 
/rawy4 ,liquid manure is us$ by _m      
gr[]s1 be+ appli$ a few weeks be=e      
plant+1 & f "t to "t dur+ ! season4     
,wat]-closet cont5ts1 dilut$ or compo/$1
 & appli$ ei!r 9 ! liquid or p[d]$ =m1  
is "o ( ! be/ ( f]tiliz]s = ! caulifl[]1
 b x %\ld n be us$ too freely1 or too   
late 9 ! season4 ,all co>se or          
conc5trat$ f]tiliz]s %\ld be appli$ at  
lea/ two weeks be=e ! "t = transplant+1 
& su* z are appli$ on ! surface %\ld be 
well mix$ ) ! soil4   ,,s[+ ,,! ,,se$4  
,! prep>ation ( ! se$-b$ w v>y accord+  
to circum/ances4 ,i =m]ly grew ! plants 
= ! fall crop 9 b$s elevat$ two or ?ree 

feet above ! gr\nd1 9 ord] to escape !  
flea beetle1 b 9 lat] ye>s ,i h gr[n a  
portion ( ! plants 9 ! op5 gr\nd4 ,?is  
me?od requires less c>e1 & is n[ usually
 practic$ by l>ge gr[]s1 ?\gh x         
sometimes fails1 = ! reason /at$4       
,rem$ies = ! flea beetle w be f\nd 9    
ano!r *apt]4 ,! soil 9 :i* ! plants are 
to be gr[n %\ld be ri* & f9e1 r light1 &
 improv$1 if necess>y1 ) a little ( !   
f9e/ old rott$ manure4 ,a small am\nt ( 
lime or a%es rak$ into ! soil is a      
b5efit1 & is ?\ght to prev5t ! attack ( 
! cabbage maggot1 ?\gh its value1 if    
any1 = ?is purpose1 is slight4 ,an old  
bru%-heap burnt (f makes a favorite     
place = s[+ caulifl[] & cabbage se$1 b x
 is seldom t m>ket g>d5]s c>e to g out (
 _! way to get su* a place4 ,! l>ge     
caulifl[] gr[]s ( ,long ,isl& usually s[
 ! se$ 9 drills across "o end ( ! field 
9 :i* ! crop is to be gr[n1 rak+ into ! 
soil be=e s[+1 a mod]ate dress+ ( "s    
comm]cial f]tiliz]4  ,x is (t5 recomm5d$
 to s[ ! se$ on ! nor? side ( a f5ce1 or

 9 "s o!r p>tially %ad$ place4 ,i h nev]
 se5 any necessity = ?is1 & once spoil$ 
a quantity ( plants by gr[+ !m 9 !      
p>tial %ade ( "s l>ge trees4 ,at ! ,s\?1
 z else:]e /at$1 x is sometimes necess>y
 to give ! "y plants %ade dur+ ! middle 
( ! day if !y are />t$ 9 ! summ] mon?s4 
,! se$ %\ld always be s[n ?9ly1 n only  
because x is exp5sive & none %\ld be    
wa/$1 b 9 ord] t all may h room to      
develop into heal?y & /ocky plants4 ,if 
! wea!r is at all dry x is well to lay  
bo>ds1 or "s o!r cov]+1 ov] ! se$-b$    
until ! plants beg9 to come up4 ,?is w  
insure spe$y & uni=m g]m9ation4 ,if ?is 
is done ! se$ may be s[n v %all[2       
o!rwise x %\ld be s[n at lea/ half an   
in* deep 7or ev5 deep] if ! soil is     
light7 & ! soil press$ firm aft] s[+4   
,transplant+ ! "y plants 9 ! se$-b$ w   
r5d] !m /ocky & vigor\s1 & %\ld always  
be practic$ ) ! e>ly crop1 b if ! se$ is
 s[n suffici5tly ?9 x is unnecess>y )   
out-door plants int5d$ = ! late crop4   
,"s gr[]s1 includ+ ,mr4 ,gregory (      

,massa*usetts1 practice s[+ ! se$ 9     
hills 9 ! op5 gr\nd :]e ! plants are to 
rema94 ,sev]al se$s are plac$ 9 a hill  
to insure aga9/ loss4 ,?is me?od1 h[ev]1
 w seldom be f\nd desirable4  ,to !     
above may be add$ ! foll[+ excell5t     
directions giv5 by ,mr4 ,francis ,brill1
 ( ,riv]head1 ,long ,isl&1 9 8 pamphlet 
on ! caulifl[]3 ,occasionally1 by reason
 ( dr\?1 & frequ5tly by reason ( !      
ravages ( insects1 great difficulty has 
be5 exp]i5c$ 9 gr[+ plants 9 spr+ & e>ly
 summ]1 :i* seldom occurs 9 ! fall--at  
:i* "t1 h[ev]1 ! same precautions may be
 us$4 ,"t 0 :5 we c\ld circumv5t ! flea 
& l\se on "y plants by ! use ( lime1    
tobacco1 a%es1 soot1 etc41 b ( late ye>s
 !y seem to h be5 s v abundant1 & s     
mat]ially aid$ 9 _! "w ( de/ruction by !
 black grub bel[ & ! gre5 grub above    
gr\nd1 t _m complete failures h occurr$ 
9 endeavors to gr[ plants4 ,to avoid ?is
 ,i recomm5d t ! gr\nd int5d$ = plants  
be pl[$ or spad$ 9 ! fall1 & if /able   
manure is to be us$1 let x be well rott$

 & turn$ "u at ?is "t1 & aga9 "w ! soil 
e>ly 9 ! spr+1 at ?is "t turn+ "u a good
 dress+ ( pota% salts2 keep ! gr\nd free
 f we$s by occasional /irr+ until ! "t =
 s[+ ! se$1 !n lay out a b$ six feet    
wide1 & z long z y please2 make !       
surface smoo?1 & enclose x ) common     
bo>ds t5 or twelve in*es 9 wid? set     
edgewise p]p5dicul>ly1 "o-half _! wid?  
"u gr\nd & held 9 place by /akes driv5  
at ! jo9ts & c5tres4 ,)9 ?is frame1     
beg9n+ at ei!r end1 dig & ?or\ghly      
pulv]ize ! soil by means ( a spad+ =k1  
potato =k1 or simil> implem5t1 wat*+    
closely = any grub worms :i* may n h be5
 eradicat$ by ! previ\s work+s & :i* we 
n[ propose to keep out by means ( !     
p>tially sunk5 bo>ds4  ,f]tiliz]s may1  
at ?is "t1 be appli$ & =k$ "u or rak$ 91
 us+ judgm5t z to me?od & quantity1 :i* 
mu/ be det]m9$ by ! previ\s condition ( 
! soil & ! /r5g? ( ! mat]ial us$1       
rememb]+ t x is n well to h any *emicals
 9 too close proximity to ! t5d]        
rootlets ( ! "y plants2 & :ile poor soil

 is no place 9 :i* to gr[ heal?y plants1
 yet !y %\ld n be ov] /imulat$1 b !     
gr\nd mu/ be 9 prop] condition to keep  
up a vigor\s & heal?y gr[?4 ,let ?is    
digg+ be done 9 ! latt] "p ( ! aft]noon 
:5 ! sun has sp5t its =ce & ! soil w n  
dry out too quickly2 rake ! b$ z y g1 & 
s[ ! se$ :ile ! surface soil is fre% &  
moi/1 us+ a t5-in* bo>d z long z y\r b$ 
is wide1 :i* place five or six in*es f !
 end or head ( ! frame1 crosswise1 & ) a
 blunt /ick1 say ?ree-f\r?s ( an in* 9  
diamet]1 draw a m>k n m ?an "o-half an  
in* deep along ea* edge ( ! bo>d2 s[ !  
se$ ?9ly 9 ^! m>ks1 us+ ! ?umb & f+] to 
guide x2 !n turn+ ! bo>d twice1 s[ two m
 r[s1 & s proce$ until y h s[n sev]al   
r[s1 say #ab to #bj1 :5 !y mu/ be cov]$1
 us+ ! back ( a spade1 draw+ x ) "s     
pressure half way f ea* side ( ! b$4 ,a 
v important "p ( ?is op]ation :i* mu/ n 
be ov]look$ is to get ! se$ 9 & cov]$   
:ile ! gr\nd is fre% & damp2 !re=e      
complete ! "w 9 sections4 ,at ! di/ance 
giv5 ! hoe c be us$ & ! soil /irr$      

betwe5 ! r[s1 :i* is q ess5tial to a    
prop] gr[? ( ! plants1 z well z necess>y
 to keep d[n ! we$s4  ,! s[+ complet$1 !
 b$ may be cov]$ ) old bags or clo? to  
reta9 ! moi/ure1 :i*1 h[ev]1 mu/ be     
remov$ ^u ! fir/ signs ( ! se$ g]m9at+2 
b :at is bett] /ill1 a %ade ( musl9 c be
 us$1 support$ by ! upp] edges ( ! frame
 & n>r[ /rips laid across1 :i* c rema9  
until ! plants are well above gr\nd1 :5 
x %\ld be remov$1 ! plants spr9kl$ )    
tobacco du/1 air slack$ lime1 a%es or   
common pla/]1 & a cov]+ ( mosquito nett+
 be sub/itut$ = ! musl91 :i* w admit    
light1 air & sun%9e1 yet be a p>tial    
%ade1 & w help to protect ! plants f    
insects4 ,?is cov] may be remov$ dur+   
ra9y wea!r1 &1 if y please1 e night to  
give ! plants ! b5efit ( ! dew4  ,i h   
decid$ objections to artificial wat]+ ( 
se$-b$s1 especially :5 ! se$ is fir/ s[n
 or 9 ! e>ly /ages ( gr[? ( ! plants1 & 
?is may g5]ally be avoid$ by foll[+ !   
directions j giv52 b :5 circum/ances may
 seem to dem& o!rwise1 let ! b$ be      

prep>$ & 9 ! aft]noon ?or\ghly saturat$1
 & t[>d ev5+ ! se$ may be s[n & cov]$ z 
above describ$1 b nev] wat] ! b$ aft] ! 
se$ has be5 s[n until ! plants are well 
up1 = ?is has a t5d5cy to pack ! surface
 & cause x to bake & prev5t prop]       
g]m9at+ ( ! se$4 ,aft] ! plants are     
fairly above gr\nd1 light wat]+s at ev5+
 may be giv51 b mu/ be avoid$ if        
possible4  ,i h n giv5 ^! precautions = 
s[+ se$ 9 ,septemb] = w9t]+ ov]1 = !    
reason t at t season ( ! ye> we are     
comp>atively free f insects & dr\?s4    
,,:5 ,,to ,,s[4  ,! "t = s[+ w dep5d (  
c\rse on ! locality & v>iety4 ,at !     
,nor?1 half e>ly v>ieties1 int5d$ = !   
fall crop1 are usually s[n & set out    
ab\t ! same "t z late cabbage4 ,9 ,we/]n
 ,mi*igan1 9 latitude #dc deg41 ,i h    
f\nd t ,e>ly ,p>is s[n ab\t ,may #ab1 & 
set out ab\t ! #bj? ( ,june1 beg9s to   
head 9 ,septemb]1 & =ms its ma9 crop 9  
,octob]1 ab\t ! "t desir$4 ,9 ! latitude
 ( ,new ,york ,city ! "t = sett+ out !  
ma9 crop is f ,june #bj to ! #a/ (      

,augu/4 ,plants set z late z ! #a/ (    
,augu/ are int5d$ to head j be=e w9t]1 &
 mu/ be ( ! e>lie/ v>ieties4 ,! l>ge    
late v>ieties1 l ,autumn ,giant1 if us$ 
at all1 mu/ be />t$ e>ly & set out n    
lat] ?an ! fir/ ( ,june1 z !y require ! 
entire season4  ,sev]al k9ds are (t5 s[n
 to =m a succession1 b :]e "o has te/$ a
 v>iety & f\nd x adapt$ to 8 ne$s1 x is 
(t5 q z well to rely ^u x almo/         
entirely1 & make two or ?ree s[+s = a   
succession if desir$4 ,ev5 a s+le s[+1  
well tim$1 w g5]ally furni% cutt+s ?r\gh
 ! mo/ favorable "p ( ! season4 ,if !   
se$ is ( ! be/ quality1 & ! plants are (
 uni=m size1 & all set at ! same "t1    
nei!r too e>ly nor too late1 on soil (  
uni=m "*1 !y w 9 a good season =m mo/ ( 
_! heads )9 a %ort space ( "t1 sometimes
 )9 a week2 b g5]ally 9 a giv5 s[+1 a   
few heads w =m v e>ly1 !n ! bulk ( !    
crop w come on dur+ ?ree or f\r weeks1  
:ile ! rema9d] w hang on until late1    
p]haps until w9t]4 ,no o!r crop is s mu*
 affect$ 9 "t ( maturity by ! "* ( !    

season z ! caulifl[]1 & ev5 ! mo/       
exp]i5c$ gr[]s sometimes fail 9 gett+ !m
 to head at ! "t desir$4  ,! "t = />t+ !
 plants = ! e>ly crop 9 ! ,nor? is 9    
,febru>y1 & ! me?od is describ$ 9 full 9
 ano!r *apt]4 ,!y %\ld be set out1 z    
/at$1 z soon z heavy freez+ is pa/1 say 
ab\t ! middle ( ,april4 ,! mo/          
unfavorable "t ( any1 & yet ! "t :5 !   
inexp]i5c$ are mo/ likely to set !m1 is 
ab\t ! middle ( ,may1 = e>ly v>ieties   
set !n usually head 9 ,augu/ :5 x is    
seldom t heads c be obta9$ ( good       
quality4   ,,prep>+ ,,! ,,gr\nd4  ,l&   
int5d$ = caulifl[]s %\ld be pl[$ deeply1
 z ! caulifl[] is a deep fe$] & delights
 9 a ri*1 cool subsoil2 9 fact1 ) no o!r
 plant ( ! cabbage family is a deep soil
 s important4 ,! manure1 ( :atev] k9d1  
%\ld be ma9ly spread ^u ! gr\nd & pl[$  
"u1 a small] am\nt1 9 a f9ely divid$    
/ate1 be+ h>r[$ 9 ^u ! surface4 ,! pl[+ 
%\ld be done at lea/ a mon? be=e !      
plants are to be set1 & ! l& kept well  
h>r[$ or cultivat$ until t "t 9 ord] to 

reta9 ! moi/ure 9 ! soil1 & put x 9 !   
be/ condition = ! gr[? ( ! plants4      
,,sett+ ,,! ,,plants4  ,:5 ! "t comes = 
sett+ ! plants x is a good plan to g ov]
 ! surface ) a plank] 9 ord] to smoo? x 
(f1 s ! m>k+ c be nicely done4 ,?is also
 packs ! gr\nd some:at1 s t ! plants c  
be set m firmly4 ,! l& may be !n m>k$   
out1 crosswise fir/1 ?ree feet ap>t1 !n 
l5g?wise ?ree feet ap>t = ,dw>f ,erfurt 
& all small gr[+ k9ds1 & f\r feet ap>t =
 ,algi]s & o!r l>ge v>ieties4 ,^! are   
suitable di/ances = ! late crop 9 ord9>y
 cases1 b :]e l& is *eap1 & little      
manure us$1 except sod turn$ "u1 f\r by 
f\r feet is none too mu* room = ! l>ge  
v>ieties4 ,! e>ly crop1 on ! o!r h&1 :i*
 is always heavily manur$1 is sometimes 
set ) ! r[s z close z two feet ap>t1 & !
 plants tw5ty in*es ap>t 9 ! r[s4 ,!    
small size ( ! heads result+ f close    
plant+ is no actual loss1 = small heads1
 if ( good quality1 are m popul> ?an    
l>ge ones1 & br+ a high] price 9        
proportion to _! size4 ,! greate/ dang] 

f too close sett+ ( ! ma9 crop is t !   
plants may fail to head at all4 ,x is = 
?is reason t caulifl[]s are usually set 
f>!r ap>t ?an cabbages4  ,! be/ "t to   
set ! plants is j be=e or aft] a ra91 b 
!y may be set at any "t if ! soil has   
be5 kept damp by frequ5t cultivation4 ,9
 dry1 cle> wea!r ! plant+ %\ld be done  
only t[>d ! close ( ! day4 ,if x %\ld be
 necess>y to apply wat] at ! "t ( sett+1
 x %\ld be ?or\ghly done1 n less ?an a  
qu>t be+ plac$ 9 ea* hole :i* is to     
receive a plant4 ,wat] %\ld nev] be     
appli$ aft] ! plant is set unless loose 
e>? is aft]w>ds ?r[n ov] ! place1 = !   
compact surface left aft] ! wat] has be5
 absorb$ dries out m rapidly ?an be=e4  
,! plants to be set %\ld n be too l>ge  
or !y w be liable to button1 especially 
if ! conditions are 9 any way           
unfavorable = gr[?4 ,if l>ge plants mu/ 
be us$ extra pa9s %\ld be tak5 9 sett+1 
9 ord] t !re may be z little *eck 9 _!  
gr[? z possible4 ,) caulifl[]s1 z )     
cabbages1 l>ge plants are ! easie/ to   

make live1 b1 = ! reason /at$1 x is less
 desirable to use !m4  ,sett+ ! plants 9
 %all[ tr5*es1 aft] ! mann] ( cel]y1 is 
sometimes practis$ 9 g>d5 culture4 ,?is 
places ! roots :]e ! soil is cool & moi/
 & enables ! plants to be wat]$ to good 
advantage4 ,?is me?od is ma9ly us$ 9    
e>ly spr+ plant+1 :51 besides its       
conv5i5ce 9 irrigation1 x also s]ves to 
protect ! plants f cold w9ds4 ,plant+   
betwe5 ridges1 z else:]e describ$1 s]ves
 ! same purpose ( protection4 ,9 ei!r   
case ! surface is gradually br\ght to a 
level z ! plants are cultivat$4         
,,cultivation4  ,9 cultivation ev]y?+   
dep5ds on keep+ up a /eady1 vigor\s     
gr[?1 = if ! plants are *eck$ 9 _! gr[?1
 !y are liable ei!r to =m small heads   
prematurely1 or to cont9ue _! gr[? s    
late z to fail to head at all4 ,level   
cultivation is usually practic$1 ! same 
z 9 ord9>y field crops4 ,draw+ ! e>? to 
! /ems1 z sometimes recomm5d$ & practic$
 abroad1 is unnecess>y1 ?\gh ) tall gr[+
 v>ieties x s]ves a useful purpose 9    

prev5t+ ! plants be+ bl[n ov] by ! w9d4 
,cultivation %\ld cont9ue until ! leaves
 are s l>ge t !y are liable to be brok5 
(f1 or until ! plants are ne>ly ready to
 head4 ,! application ( a mul* ( manure 
or litt] at ! "t cultivation ceases1 is 
an excell5t practice1 ?\gh seldom       
resort$ to4 ,x is important t deep      
cultivation %\ld cease at ! "r "t1 ev5  
if ! hoe has to be us$ aft]w>d4 ,! crop 
may be s]i\sly injur$1 or at lea/       
delay$1 by cultivation aft] ! plants    
beg9 to head4 ,at ?is "t ! gr\nd %\ld be
 undi/urb$ s t ! roots may occupy !     
entire soil4 ,dry wea!r1 & ! compact    
nature ( ! soil aft] cultivation ceases1
 *eck ! gr[? ( ! plants1 & promote !    
=mation ( heads1 provid+ ! plants h     
atta9$ a prop] age & size4 ,! influ5ce (
 a firm soil 9 promot+ head+ is also se5
 9 ! success ) :i* caulifl[]s c         
frequ5tly be gr[n aft] peas or o!r e>ly 
crops4 ,9 autumn ! fir/ %>p fro/s appe> 
to be p>ticul>ly efficaci\s 9 />t+ !    
plants to head+4   ,,irrigation4  ,aft] 

head+ has comm5c$ is ! "t :5 irrigation 
is mo/ ne$$4 ,an abundance ( wat] at ?is
 "t w add greatly1 bo? to ! quantity &  
quality ( ! product1 p>ticul>ly if "s   
f]tiliz] is add$ at ! same "t4          
,irrigation is n (t5 practic$ 9 ?is     
c\ntry1 except 9 ! arid di/ricts ( !    
,we/1 & occasionally1 ) ! e>ly crop1 ne>
 a few ( our l>ge cities4 ,9 ,europe1   
:]e labor is *eap1 x is (t5 resort$ to1 
ev5 :]e ! wat] has to be c>ri$ by h&4   
,e>ly 9 ! season1 if irrigation is ne$$1
 once a week is frequ5t en\gh to apply !
 wat]1 b :ile ! plants are head+ x may  
be appli$ ) advantage e day if ! wea!r  
is dry4   ,,blan*+ ,,! ,,heads4  ,!     
value ( caulifl[]s = use or m>ket dep5ds
 almo/ entirely on _! be+ :ite & t5d]4  
,to h !m rema9 9 ?is condition until    
fully matur$1 !y mu/ be protect$ f !    
sun4 ,heads :i* are left expos$ become  
yell[ 9 color1 or ev5 br[ni% purple if !
 sun is v hot4 ,su* heads also acquire a
 /rong1 disagreeable flavor4  ,!re are  
v>i\s ways ( cov]+ ! heads1 b x is ne>ly

 always done ) ! leaves ( ! plant4 ,e>ly
 9 ! season1 :5 ! wea!r is dry & w>m1 ! 
"w may be done dur+ ! heat ( ! day by   
lapp+ ! leaves1 "o aft] ano!r1 ov] !    
head until x is suffici5tly cov]$1 tuck+
 ! la/ leaf "u to hold all 9 place4 ,or 
! leaves may be fa/5$ ) a but*]'s skew]1
 or any %>p /ick4 ,9 ,florida1 orange   
?orns are employ$ = ?is purpose4 ,c>e   
mu/ be tak5 n to conf9e ! heads too     
closely1 or !y w gr[ out ( %ape1 besides
 be+ liable to heat & become spott$4    
,lat] 9 ! season1 :5 ! wea!r is cool &  
damp1 ! leaves w be too /iff to be b5t  
d[n1 & ! head mu/ !n be protect$ ei!r by
 plac+ ov] x leaves brok5 f ! out] "p ( 
! plant1 or f /umps f :i* ! heads h     
already be5 cut1 or by ty+ ! leaves     
toge!r above ! head4 ,! latt] is ! usual
 me?od1 rye /raw or ba/ matt+ be+       
g5]ally us$ = ! purpose4 ,m]ely break+  
d[n ! inn] leaves ^u ! head is          
unsatisfactory1 z ! gr[?1 bo? ( ! leaves
 & ! head1 soon causes ! head to become 
expos$4  ,! artificial blan*+ ( ! head  

is mo/ important e>ly 9 ! season1 :ile !
 sun is hot1 & ! field %\ld !n be gone  
ov] z (t5 z e o!r day = ?is purpose1    
tak+ two r[s at a "t4 ,lat] 9 ! season1 
dur+ damp1 cl\dy wea!r1 heads w         
sometimes rea* full size & /ill be (    
good color ?\gh entirely expos$4 ,x is  
unsafe to leave !m 9 ?is way1 h[ev]1 z a
 little *ange 9 color s]i\sly affects _!
 m>ket value4 ,cov]+ ! heads appe>s also
 to cause !m to gr[ l>g] & rema9 solid  
long] ?an !y o!rwise w\ld1 p>ticul>ly   
e>ly 9 ! season4   ,,protect+ ,,f       
,,fro/4  ,ano!r object1 late 9 ! season1
 9 cov]+ ! heads1 is to protect !m f    
fro/4 ,a fro/$ caulifl[] is practically 
wor?less = m>ket1 z x is ne>ly c]ta9 to 
turn black on ! surface aft] "o or two  
days' exposure4 ,freez+1 9 fact1 is "o (
 ! mo/ frequ5t s\rces ( loss on         
caulifl[]s late 9 ! season1 & z ?is is !
 mo/ favorable "t ( ! ye> = !m to head1 
x is necess>y to take p>ticul> c>e to   
gu>d aga9/ loss f ?is cause4 ,we        
frequ5tly h a few h>d fro/s e>ly 9      

,octob]1 :i* spoil su* heads z are ne>ly
 mature1 unless !y h be5 protect$4 ,aft]
 ?is !re may be a mon? or m ( good      
wea!r1 dur+ :i* ! bulk ( ! crop may come
 to maturity4 ,! heads are protect$ f   
fro/ 9 ! same mann] z f ! sun1 b x is   
be/ n to h ! leaves lie directly on !   
head4 ,protection is p>ticul>ly ne$$ z !
 heads approa* maturity1 z !y are !n m  
easily injur$ ?an :ile small4 ,heads :i*
 are well cov]$ w usually /& eight or t5
 degrees ( fro/ )\t injury1 dep5d+ on ! 
am\nt ( cl\d9ess & moi/ure pres5t4 ,9   
cool1 moi/1 cl\dy wea!r1 fro/$ heads w  
sometimes recov] & %[ no injury4 ,x is  
ev5 possible = heads to become froz5    
solid & come out 9 good condition1 b ?is
 r>ely occurs1 & requires t ! ?aw+ take 
place 9 ! mo/ favorable mann] possible4 
,cutt+ ! froz5 heads ) _! leaves1 ?r[+  
!m 9 %all[ heaps ^u ! gr\nd1 & cov]+ )  
/raw1 w sometimes br+ !m out 9 good     
condition2 also ?r[+ !m into wat] b     
little above ! freez+ po9t4 ,! safe/    
way1 h[ev]1 if possible1 is to cook !   

heads at once1 putt+ ! froz5 heads      
directly into boil+ wat]4 ,treat$ 9 ?is 
mann] !y exhibit little or no effect ( !
 freez+4  ,! safe/ way1 9 case heavy    
freez+ is appreh5d$1 is to cut & remove 
to a place ( safety all heads :i* h     
atta9$ half _! size or m4   ,,cutt+ ,,! 
,,heads4  ,! frequ5cy ( cutt+ w dep5d on
 ! season ( ! ye>4 ,9 summ]1 ! heads w  
rema9 at ! prop] /age = cutt+ no m ?an a
 day or two1 :ile late 9 autumn !y may  
(t5 be left a week be=e becom+ ov]gr[n4 
,frequ5t cutt+ is at all times          
desirable1 h[ev]1 z x is be/ to let !   
heads get z l>ge z !y w be=e becom+     
loose & w>ty4 ,! ga9 9 size n only      
increases _! sell+ price1 b ! flavor    
also appe>s to improve z ! heads approa*
 maturity4 ,immature heads1 ?\gh mild & 
t5d]1 h less flavor ?an ^? :i* are full 
gr[n4 ,x is bett]1 h[ev]1 to cut a head 
too soon ?an to leave x too long1 = a   
small solid head w sell = m ?an a l>ge  
loose "o4 ,to judge :5 a head has rea*$ 
full size requires "s exp]i5ce4 ,! size 

( c\rse1 w dep5d on t ( ! plant1 b its  
size 9 proportion to t ( ! plant is     
p]haps ! mo/ common po9t by :i* "o      
judges :5 x is ready to cut4 ,! head1 :5
 x approa*es maturity1 rises )9 ! leaves
 & bulges ! latt] outw>d1 s t "o c (t5  
tell at "s di/ance :i* heads are ab\t   
ready4 ,! surface ( ! head1 z x         
approa*es maturity loses its poli%$     
appe>ance & becomes m di/9ctly gra9$4   
,?is *ange1 if x does n g too f>1 does n
 detract f its appe>ance & value4 ,to   
exam9e a head1 d n untie ! top1 b "p !  
leaves at ! side4 ,if !re are signs (   
crack+ or break+ x is ready to cut4 ,!  
heads %\ld be cut ) ab\t an in* ( /alk &
 two or ?ree full circles ( leaves4 ,a  
long ?9-blad$ knife is be/ to cut )4  ,!
 be/ "t ( ! day 9 :i* to cut ! heads1 if
 = home use1 or a ne> m>ket1 is 9 !     
morn+ :ile ! dew is on1 z !y w !n rema9 
long] 9 a fre% /ate ?an if cut latt] 9 !
 day4 ,if to pack = a di/ant m>ket1 !   
heads w c>ry & keep bett] if cut :5 dry1
 b on a cool day or t[>d ev5+4   ,,h&l+4

  ,! heads mu/ be h&l$ ) c>e to prev5t !
 fl[] becom+ bruis$ or soil$ 9 any way4 
,a bruise w turn black 9 a %ort "t1 !   
same z a fro/$ surface1 & ?us injure !  
sale ( ! head4 ,! heads c be h&l$ mo/   
safely if ! leaves are left on1 & ^! _h 
be/ be left entire until ! plants are   
tak5 to ! pack+ %$2 & = a ne> m>ket !y  
may ev5 be left on to advantage until ! 
plants are ready to be expos$ = sale4 ,!
 ma9 object ( _! removal is 9 ord] t !  
heads may be readily inspect$4          
,,trimm+4  ,?is is (t5 done 9 ! field1  
b1 z j /at$1 x _h bett] be delay$ until 
! heads are c>ri$ to ! place = pack+4   
,to trim !m1 take hold ( a head ne> !   
butt ) "o h&1 hold+ x upright aga9/ y1  
!n ) a turn+ motion1 cut cle> ar\nd !   
head1 leav+ ! cut ends ( ! leaves       
project+ ab\t an in* above ! edge ( !   
head4 ,?is exposes z mu* ( ! head z c be
 se5 at "o view1 & ! leaves z left      
protect ! m>g9 f bruises4 ,! butt %\ld  
be cut (f smoo?1 & !re %\ld be left ab\t
 two lay]s ( leaves4  ,! heads at ! "t (

 pack+ %\ld be free f moi/ure1 & if !   
leaves are a trifle wilt$ !y w pack all 
! bett]4 ,fl\r b>rels1 or b>rels ( t    
size1 are be/ to pack 91 z caulifl[]s   
are n[ usually sold at :olesale by !    
b>rel4 ,b>rel-crates ( ! same size are  
also com+ into use1 especially = ! e>ly 
crop1 z ! heads are liable to heat 9 hot
 wea!r if pack$ 9 close b>rels4 ,ea*    
caulifl[] at ! "t ( pack+ is n[ usually 
wrapp$ 9 /rong s(t :ite pap]1 ! edges ( 
! pap] be+ tuck$ betwe5 ! leaves & head4
 ,! heads are !n plac$ 9 ! b>rels1      
comm5c+ at ! outside1 lay+ !m ^u _!     
sides fac+ 91 & fill+ ! c5t] ) small]   
heads4 ,cont9ue ea* lay] 9 ?is way until
 ! b>rel is a little m ?an full4 ,pack z
 solid z possible4 ,cov] ) canvass or   
bagg+1 putt+ x "u ! top hoop & press+ x 
d[n by driv+ d[n & nail+ ! hoop4        
,tea-*e/ matt+1 :i* usually co/s no?+1  
may be us$ = cov]s if desir$4  ,x may be
 add$ t caulifl[]s are sometimes pack$ 9
 _! own leaves1 j z !y come f ! field1  
or all ! leaves may be remov$ b "o or   

two :i* are to be fold$ ov] ! head4 ,x  
usually pays1 h[ev]1 to use pap]1 b ?is 
mu/ be :ite1 or else :5 bruis$ x w /a9 !
 heads4  ,sometimes1 :5 ! caulifl[]s are
 to be sold at retail1 sug>-b>rels are  
us$ to pack 91 z !y co/ less ?an o!r    
b>rels & are l>g]4 ,!y are always clean 
& sweet1 & d n make too l>ge a package1 
z caulifl[]s are n heavy4  ,small slatt$
 crates are also a favorite package 9   
:i* to %ip caulifl[]s1 p>ticul>ly e>ly 9
 ! season4 ,l>ge crates1 su* z are      
sometimes us$ = cabbages1 are entirely  
unsuitable4  ,a me?od ( pack+ caulifl[]s
 = %ipm5t employ$ 9 ,d5m>k1 is describ$ 
z foll[s3 ,! heads are to be cut (f 9 a 
dry /ate1 b n wilt$1 & ) only an in* (  
/alk4 ,! leaves are to be remov$1 ) !   
exception ( a c\ple ( ! inn] c\rses1 :i*
 %\ld be cut d[n to su* a l5g? z to meet
 :5 !y are b5t g5tly toge!r ov] ! head4 
,pack 9 clean1 op5 neat-look+ crates or 
boxes1 9 ! bottom ( :i* put a few       
leaves1 & on ^! ! caulifl[] heads1 :i*  
%\ld be ( a uni=m size = ea* crate4     

,pack closely & firmly 9 lay]s1 tak+    
c>e1 h[ev]1 n to bruise ! t5d] heads4   
,all ! heads 9 a lay] %\ld turn 9 ! same
 direction1 be+ laid sidewise1 & ! next 
lay] 9 ! opposite direction1            
respectively1 ) top & /em4 ,on ! top ( !
 heads fill 9 ) leaves until ! cov] w   
press ! :ole cont5ts s tight z to prev5t
 ! heads f mov+ dur+ transportation4  ,!
 price ( caulifl[]s is less subject to  
fluctuation ?an t ( mo/ o!r vegetables4 
,!re is comp>atively little competition 
betwe5 diff]5t localities1 & ab\t ! only
 causes ( l[ prices are tempor>y & local
 ov]-production1 & =c$ sales caus$ by   
damag$ /ock4 ,"o ye> ) ano!r1 a doll> & 
a half a doz5 may be realiz$ on good    
heads1 :i* is m ?an d\ble ! av]age price
 ( cabbages4 ,contracts are tak51 h[ev]1
 at z l[ z fifty c5ts a doz5 to supply  
pickle-factories4 ,"u favorable         
conditions fully z l>ge a p]c5tage (    
caulifl[]s w head z ( cabbages1 s t 9 a 
good location1 ) prop] c>e1 ! caulifl[] 
crop is a pr(itable "o4 ,x may be well  

to rem9d gr[]s1 h[ev]1 t "o %\ld n      
attempt to sell a l>ge quantity (       
caulifl[]s 9 a small m>ket1 = ev5 at a  
l[ price p w n buy l>gely ( :at !y are n
 accu/om$ to us+4 ,b x is surpris+ to   
:at an ext5t a m>ket may be develop$ =  
?is vegetable4 ,no "o :o has once us$ ! 
caulifl[] w !reaft] d )\t x1 if x c be  
obta9$ at a reasonable price4 ,!re is   
absolutely no necess>y limit to ! m>ket 
= ?is vegetable1 provid+ reasonable c>e 
is ex]cis$ 9 creat+ & supply+ ! dem&4 ,!
 price 9 ?is c\ntry ought always to be  
ma9ta9$ if possible at at lea/ d\ble t (
 cabbages1 n only on acc\nt ( ! great]  
delicacy ( ! caulifl[]1 b because ( !   
great] c>e ne$$ 9 its production1 & !   
unc]ta9ty ( ! crop1 ow+ to unfavorable  
seasons & o!r causes4 ,i c\ld easily    
quote examples ( extraord9>y pr(its made
 9 gr[+ ! caulifl[]1 z well z in/ances (
 repeat$ failure4 ,cases ( bo? k9ds (   
exp]i5ce are giv5 else:]e 9 ! pres5t    
volume4 ,i h "h only attempt$ to %[ :at 
may be reasonably expect$4   ,,keep+4   

,m att5tion is be+ paid ( late ye>s to !
 keep+ ( caulifl[]s 9 w9t]1 & x is n[   
cu/om>y ) "s to plant a small late crop 
= ! purpose ( w9t] head+4 ,mo/ gr[]s1   
h[ev]1 w h m or less unhead$ plants at !
 end ( ne>ly e season :i* c be us$ = ?is
 purpose4  ,william ,falcon]1 ( ,long   
,isl&1 s[s ,extra ,e>ly ,erfurt ab\t    
,july #a1 pots ! "y plants1 & sets !m 9 
! op5 field aft] e>ly potatoes h come   
(f4 ,9 ,novemb] ! plants t %[ signs (   
head+ are /ripp$ ( ! l>g] out] leaves1  
!n tak5 up & set close toge!r 9 b$s &   
cov]$ ) hot-b$ sa%4 ,9 cold wea!r /raw  
or ?at* is add$4 ,9 ?is way ! plants    
cont9ue to give heads until ,febru>y4   
,plants :i* h begun to head may be tak5 
up 9 ! same way & set 9 a cell>4 ,j     
en\gh moi/ure %\ld be giv5 to keep !m f 
wilt+1 z1 if too mu* is giv51 !y are    
liable to rot4 ,fully head$ caulifl[]s  
are difficult to keep4 ,if hung up 9 a  
cell> 9 ! way cabbages are frequ5tly    
kept1 !y wilt & become /rong 9 flavor & 
d>k 9 color4 ,?is may be rem$i$ ) a few 

heads by cutt+ (f ! /em a few in*es bel[
 ! head be=e !y are hung up1 holl[+ out 
! /em & fill+ ! holl[ ) wat]4 ,x is said
 t ! heads w keep 9 good condition = a  
long "t if pack$ 9 slightly damp muck4  
,a simple way ( pres]v+ p>tly head$     
plants out ( doors is to take !m up ) z 
mu* e>? z possible & set !m close toge!r
 9 tr5*es1 aft] ! mann] ( cel]y1 plac+  
bo>ds at ! sides1 & 9 cold wea!r a cov]+
 ( /raw ov]head4 ,9 ?is way ! heads are 
easily accessible & keep 9 good         
condition4  ,a me?od employ$ 9 ,scotl& =
 pres]v+ caulifl[] is to bury !m 9 a dry
 place1 heads d[nw>d & roots expos$1 9 !
 ord9>y mann] ( bury+ cabbages4 ,!y are 
said to keep well by ?is me?od f        
,novemb] to ,janu>y4 ,! leaves are fold$
 ov] ! heads to keep !m f com+ 9 contact
 ) ! soil4  ,ano!r me?od1 employ$ 9     
,d5m>k1 is to make a b$ ( moi/ s& ab\t  
f\r in*es deep 9 a cool room protect$   
aga9/ fro/2 ! floor _h bett] be (       
asphalt1 cem5t or ! l4 ,t[>d ! end (    
autumn ! heads are cut ) a piece ( ! /em

 ?ree or f\r in*es 9 l5g?1 :i* is /uck  
into ! s&4 ,all ! leaves are remov$     
except ! inn] c\rse1 :i* mu/ be cut d[n 
pretty closely1 & ! heads !n cov]$ )    
fl[] pots4  ,/ill ano!r me?od1 employ$  
:]e h>d freez+ is n anticipat$1 is to   
take up ! plants & set !m out 9 a slant+
 position close toge!r out ( doors ) !  
heads to ! nor?1 z is done ) cabbages4  
,pull+ up ! plants & ?r[+ !m on _! sides
 w protect ! heads f a mod]ate degree ( 
cold1 & c be resort$ to ^u ! sudd5      
approa* ( cold wea!r4 ,cutt+ ! heads )  
pl5ty ( leaves & ?r[+ !m 9 long l[      
heaps1 faces d[nw>d1 w pres]ve !m 9 !   
cool1 damp wea!r ( e>ly w9t] = a        
consid]able "t1 & ! heads1 ev5 9 ?is    
condition1 w increase some:at 9 size4   
,x w sometimes happ51 e>ly 9 ! season1 t
 "o desires to ret>d ! developm5t ( !   
head until a conv5i5t "t = m>ket+4 ,=   
?is purpose ! plants may be lift$1 :5 ! 
heads are ne>ly mature1 & set "u a %$ or
 else:]e 9 ! %ade4  ,x may be well "h to
 rem9d ^? :o gr[ only a few plants 9 a  

g>d51 & :o wi% to prolong ! season1 t   
sev]al cutt+s may be tak5 f a s+le head 
if desir$4 ,a portion ( ! head %\ld be  
left ea* "t4 ,occasionally1 b n (t51 a  
/ump w spr\t & =m a second crop4 ,a     
me?od ( accel]at+ ! =mation ( heads1 :i*
 is practic$ 9 ,irel&1 may also be wor? 
record+4 ,x consi/s 9 slitt+ ! /alk f   
ne> ! gr\nd upw>d t[>d ! he>t1 & plac+ a
 /ick 9 ! slit to prev5t ! p>ts reunit+4
 ,! soil is !n drawn up ar\nd ! cut1 & !
 plant /ak$ to prev5t its break+ (f4 ,x 
is said t plants s treat$ w =m _! heads 
f six to eight days e>li] ?an !y o!rwise
 w\ld4     ,,*apt] ,,iv4  ,,! ,,e>ly    
,,crop4   ,i _c d bett] 9 treat+ ( ?is  
crop ?an to fir/ quote ! foll[+1 by !   
late ,pet] ,h5d]son1 ( ,new ,york ,city1
 f 8 "w on ,g>d5+ = ,pleasure3  ,!re is 
q an ambition among amateur g>d5]s to   
raise e>ly caulifl[]1 b z ! conditions  
necess>y to success ) ?is are n q s easy
 to comm& z ) mo/ o!r vegetables1       
probably n "o 9 ?ree :o try x succe$4 ,9
 ,engl&1 & mo/ places on ! ,cont95t (   

,europe1 x is ! mo/ valu$ ( all         
vegetables1 & is gr[n !re ne>ly z easily
 z e>ly cabbages4 ,b x mu/ be rememb]$ t
 ! temp]ature !re is on ! av]age t5     
degrees l[] at ! "t x matures 7,june7   
?an ) u2 besides1 _! atmosph]e is mu* m 
humid1 two conditions ess5tial to its   
prop] developm5t4 ,i w briefly /ate h[  
e>ly caulifl[]s c be mo/ successfully   
gr[n "h4 ,fir/1 ! soil mu/ be well      
brok51 & pulv]iz$ by spad+ to at lea/ a 
foot 9 dep?1 mix+ ?r\gh x a lay] ( ?ree 
or f\r in*es ( /rong well-rott$ /able   
manure4 ,! plants may be ei!r ^? f se$  
s[n la/ fall & w9t]$ ov] 9 cold frames1 
or else />t$ f se$s s[n 9 ,janu>y or    
,febru>y 9 a hot-b$ or gre5-h\se1 &     
plant$ 9 small pots or boxes1 s z to    
make plants /rong en\gh to be set out z 
soon z ! soil is fit to "w1 :i*1 9 ?is  
latitude1 is usually ! fir/ week 9      
,april4 ,we are (t5 appli$ to =         
caulifl[] plants z late z ,may1 b !     
*ances ( _! =m+ heads :5 plant$ 9 ,may  
are slim inde$4 ,! sure/ way to secure !

 head+ ( caulifl[]s is to use :at are   
call$ h&-glasses4 ,^! are usually made  
ab\t two feet squ>e1 :i* gives room     
en\gh = ?ree or f\r plants ( caulifl[]  
until !y are s f> =w>d$ t ! glass c be  
tak5 (f4 ,:5 ! h&-glass is us$ !        
caulifl[]s may be plant$ out 9 any w>m  
bord] e>ly 9 ,m>* & cov]$ by !m4 ,?is   
cov]+ protects !m f fro/ at night1 &    
gives ! necess>y increase ( temp]ature =
 gr[? dur+ ! cold weeks ( ,m>* & ,april2
 s t by ! fir/ week 9 ,may1 if !        
caulifl[] has be5 prop]ly h>d5$ (f by   
v5tilat+ 7by tilt+ up ! h&-glasses on "o
 side7 !y may be tak5 (f altoge!r & !n  
us$ to =w>d tomatoes1 melons or         
cucumb]s4 ,if ! wea!r is dry !          
caulifl[]s w be mu* b5efitt$ by be+     
?or\ghly soak$ ) wat] twice or ?rice a  
week4 99 99 99 ,! two be/ v>ieties (    
caulifl[] we h f\nd z yet #ahge are !   
,dw>f ,erfurt & ,e>ly ,p>is4  ,not)/&+ !
 c>e requir$ = ! e>ly crop1 ! same writ]
 /ates 9 8 e>li] "w on ,g>d5+ = ,pr(it1 
7publi%$ 9 #ahfg1 dur+ a p]iod ( high   

prices17 t = ! pa/ f\r or five ye>s     
caulifl[]s e>ly h be5 "o ( my mo/       
pr(itable crops4 ,i h1 dur+ t "t1 gr[n  
ab\t "o acre ea* ye>1 :i* has c]ta9ly   
av]ag$ #a1ejj4 ,on "o occasion ! crop   
prov$ almo/ an entire failure1 ow+ to   
unusual dr\ght 9 ,may2 :ile1 on ano!r   
occasion1 ) an unusually favorable      
season1 x sold at ne>ly #c1jjj p] acre4 
,! av]age price = all plant$ is ab\t #ae
 p] #ajj1 & z f #aj1jjj to #ab1jjj are  
gr[n to ! acre1 x w result 9 ne>ly !    
av]age be=e nam$--#a1ejj p] acre4       
,unlike cabbages1 h[ev]1 only a limit$  
numb] is yet sold1 & ,i h f\nd t an acre
 ( !m has be5 q z mu* z c\ld be         
pr(itably gr[n 9 "o g>d54  ,! above1 by 
! late well-kn[n ,new ,york se$sman &   
m>ket-g>d5]1 ?\gh writt5 ne>ly =ty ye>s 
ago1 is true to-day1 s f> z ! g5]al     
pr(itabl5ess ( ! caulifl[] is conc]n$1 &
 ! extra c>e requir$ ) ! e>ly crop4  ,! 
*ief condition ( success ) e>ly         
caulifl[]s is t !y %all head be=e hot   
wea!r comes on4 ,to ?is end ! e>lie/    

v>ieties are *os51 & !y are set z e>ly z
 possible 9 ! spr+1 & pu%$ rapidly =w>d1
 z /at$1 by us+ protection if necess>y1 
& by high manur+4 ,x is an advantage to 
set ! e>ly plants betwe5 ridges1 z is   
done ) e>ly cabbage4 ,! ridges hold !   
sun & keep (f ! cold w9ds1 & ! furr[s   
betwe5 c>ry (f ! surface wat]4 ,! plants
 are be/ set ^u ! s\? or ea/ side ( !   
ridges1 ne> ! base4 ,a good furr[ ) an  
ord9>y pl[ =ms a suffici5t ridge4       
,=m]ly x 0 ?\ght necess>y to />t !      
plants 9 ! fall1 b s9ce ! new] e>ly     
sorts h be5 produc$1 ?is is be+ ab&on$4 
,fall s[+ has nev] be5 z successful 9 ! 
,nor!rn ,unit$ ,/ates z 9 ,engl&1 & !   
failures to gr[ caulifl[]s successfully 
9 ?is c\ntry h (t5 result$ f adh]+ to ! 
me?ods employ$ 9 ! ,old ,_w4 ,plants    
/>t$ 9 hot-b$s 9 ,febru>y1 & prop]ly    
h>d5$ (f1 receive b little *eck :5 set  
out1 & make a bett] gr[? ?an ^? :i* h   
be5 w9t]$ ov]4  ,9 ! latitude ( ,virg9ia
 & ,m>yl&1 w9t]+ ov] ! "y plants may be 
resort$ to1 & = g>d5]s 9 t latitude !   

me?ods adopt$ 9 ,engl& w be well wor?   
/udy+1 ev5 if !y c n be lit]ally foll[$4
 ,! "t = s[+ ! se$ %\ld be s gaug$ t !  
plants %all be nei!r too l>ge nor too   
small dur+ ! colde/ mon?s4 ,if too small
 !y w n be suffici5tly h>dy to w9t] ov]2
 if too l>ge !y w be likely to button   
in/ead ( =m+ fully develop$ heads4  ,:5 
! "y plants are transplant$ into _! w9t]
 qu>t]s !y %\ld be set deeply1 z ! /em  
is ! "p mo/ easily injur$ by cold2 !    
same rule ( plant+ deeply %\ld be foll[$
 9 ! fir/ plant+s 9 ! op5 gr\nd 9 spr+4 
,w9t]+ 9 ! op5 air 9 a w>m %elt]$       
situation is pref]able1 :]e x c be done1
 to w9t]+ "u frames1 = plants s expos$ w
 be mo/ heal?y & w cont9ue _! gr[? )    
lea/ int]ruption 9 ! spr+4  ,plants     
w9t]$ "u glass require consid]able room1
 & z mu* air z c be safely giv54 ,if    
pots are us$1 c>e mu/ be tak5 n to h !m 
too small1 or to all[ !m to become      
entirely fill$ ) ! roots1 = ?is w h a   
t5d5cy to cause ! plants to button4     
,,button+4  ,i _c p]haps d bett] ?an to 

m5tion "h su* o!r causes z h ?is same   
t5d5cy4 ,any?+ :i* *ecks ! gr[? ( !     
plants :5 !y are a few in*es high is    
liable to produce ?is result--su* z     
leav+ !m too long 9 ! se$-b$1 )hold+    
wat]1 poor soil1 too mu* cr[d+4 ,aft] ! 
plants are set out1 a cold ra9y "t or   
badly dra9$ l& may h ! same effect2 also
 a v hot "t1 if ! soil is dry & ! plants
 are n gr[+ well4 ,! *eck occasion$ by !
 transplant+ may also cause ! plants to 
button1 if !y h become l>ge1 & ! soil or
 wea!r is unfavorable4 ,on ?is acc\nt x 
is unsafe to let caulifl[] plants get z 
l>ge z cabbage plants sometimes are :5  
transplant$4  ,i w close ?is topic by   
quot+ two p>agraphs f ,! ,g>d51 an      
,engli% j\rnal f :i* ,i h already tak5  
mu* valuable in=mation4 ,! fir/ is by a 
p]son :o signs himself ,d4 ,t4 ,f41 :o  
says3  ,cambrian a previ\s writ]        
attributes ?is to ov]-manur+1 & no d\bt 
?is frequ5tly causes button+1 b         
ov]-fro/+ is q z injuri\s z ov]-manur+2 
& ! h>d fro/ :i* we _h "h on ! #a/ (    

,april seems to be s5d+ all ! expos$    
plants into buttons1 :il/ ^? protect$   
only ) glass lights seem safe & s\nd &  
are spread+ _! leaves wide & look+      
extremely promis+4  ,! next writ]1 ,mr4 
,gilb]t1 adds3  ,! :ole ( my ,e>ly      
,london caulifl[]s h button$1 b n !     
,wal*]51 at lea/ at pres5t4 ,i he>1 too1
 ?is is ! case 9 _m p>ts ( ! c\ntry4 ,i 
h = ye>s not$ t aft] a cold sev]e w9t] &
 a w>m spr+ bo? caulifl[]s & cabbages   
'bolt1' b ?is season hav+ be5 q ! rev]se
 ,i ?\ght !y might h escap$4  ,ano!r    
writ] calls att5tion to ! fact t plants 
:i* h be5 nurs$ or protect$ too mu* dur+
 w9t] are m apt to button :5 set out 9 !
 spr+ ?an ^? :i* h be5 m expos$4        
,,*apt] ,v4  ,,caulifl[] ,,regions ,,(  
,,! ,,unit$ ,,/ates4   ,a comp>atively  
small portion ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates is well 
adapt$ to ! gr[? ( caulifl[]4 ,! climate
 = ! mo/ "p is too dry4 ,! di/ricts     
suit$ to its cultivation are (t5 ( v    
limit$ area1 & are det]m9$ by local     
causes affect+ ! di/ribution ( moi/ure &

 ! "* ( ! soil4 ,! mann] ( treat+ !     
crop1 & ! degree ( c>e necess>y =       
successful results1 w !re=e dep5d l>gely
 on ! locality :]e x is gr[n4 ,= !      
purpose ( giv+ m def9ite in=mation on ^!
 po9ts1 ! c\ntry may be divid$ into !   
foll[+ caulifl[] regions3   ,,! ,,upp]  
,,atlantic ,,coa/4  ,?is includes !     
greate/ numb] ( localities :]e caulifl[]
 culture has ?us f> be5 successfully    
conduct$ 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,! region is
 comp>atively well wat]$1 & conta9s a   
great div]sity ( soil & situation4 ,m   
good m>kets are f\nd "h ?an else:]e4 ,! 
he>t ( ?is caulifl[] region is n[ f\nd  
^u ! nor? %ore ( ,long ,isl&1 :]e !re is
 a /rong soil1 9 a damp climate1 )9 easy
 rea* ( ! ,new ,york & o!r l>ge m>kets4 
,two crops are gr[n "h1 ! spr+ & fall4  
,wm4 ,falcon]1 ( ,que5's ,c\nty1 /ates t
 = ! e>ly crop he s[s ! se$ 9 a hot-h\se
 9 ,febru>y1 & gradually gives ! plants 
m room & cool] qu>t]s until !y are ready
 = ! op5 gr\nd4 ,! v>ieties he uses are 
,h5d]son's ,sn[ball1 ,e>ly ,erfurt1     

,/ad?old] & ,l5orm&4 ,he has repeat$ly  
attempt$ to gr[ ! spr+ crop f fall-s[n  
plants1 b !y h almo/ inv>iably button$1 
h[ev] late ! se$ 0 s[n1 or h[ev]        
slightly ! plants 7 protect$4           
,occasionally1 also1 ! ,febru>y-s[n     
plants ( ,h5d]son's ,sn[ball & ,erfurt w
 button4  ,= ! ma9 fall crop ! same f\r 
v>ieties above m5tion$ are s[n out (    
doors ab\t ,may #ah?1 at ! "t ( s[+ late
 cabbage4 ,= a lat] crop he makes ano!r 
s[+ a mon? lat]4 ,^! la/ usually beg9 to
 head ab\t ! la/ ( ,novemb] & are tak5  
up & protect$ to furni% a supply dur+ ! 
w9t]4 ,mr4 ,c4 ,e4 ,swezey1 ( ,suffolk  
,c\nty1 says t m money is und\bt$ly made
 to ! acre on caulifl[] ?an any o!r     
crop4 ,he f9ds ! e>ly crop ! mo/        
pr(itable1 al?\gh ! mo/ exp5sive4 ,= ?is
 crop he uses sev5ty-five tons ( ! be/  
horse manure p] acre1 & = ! late crop   
ab\t half t am\nt4 ,! v>iety he pref]s  
is ,h5d]son's ,sn[ball1 ?is ) ! ,e>ly   
,erfurt be+ ! only k9ds he uses4        
,francis ,brill1 9 8 book on ,f>m ,g>d5+

 & ,se$ ,gr[+1 said1 9 #ahgb1 ,= ! pa/  
two ye>s ! f>m]s ( ! ea/ end ( ,long    
,isl&1 especially ab\t ! village (      
,mattituck1 h plant$ l>gely ( caulifl[]1
 be+ incit$ by ! successful exp]im5ts ( 
"s :o h remov$ "h f ! we/ end1 :o 7     
=m]ly engag$ 9 gr[+ vegetables = ! ,new 
,york m>kets4 ,! pa/ season ! crop has  
succe$$ admirably1 & l>ge pr(its h be5  
realiz$ by gr[]s 9 ?is vic9ity1 & ?is by
 m51 _m ( :om are inexp]i5c$ 9 !        
cultivation ( ?is or any o!r vegetable =
 m>ket2 &1 moreov]1 ! mo/ ( x 0 gr[n at 
! wor/ possible season ( ! ye>4 ,z a    
g5]al rule1 caulifl[]s d n succe$ well  
on old l&1 & mu* ( ! l& h]eab\ts is new1
 & b little ( x inde$ has ev] be5 us$ = 
cabbages or any?+ ( ?is nature4 ,b      
beyond a d\bt x is ! humid sal9e        
atmosph]e ( ?is section :i* makes !     
cultivation ( ?is vegetable a success4  
,protract$ dr\?s are "h almo/ unkn[n1 & 
ev5 dur+ ! tempor>y abs5ce ( ra9 9 !    
summ] mon?s ! air does n seem s dry &   
)]+1 s to speak1 z 9 sections m remote f

 ! ocean1 ! ,s\nd & ! great salt wat]   
bays by :i* we are surr\nd$4 ,! v>ieties
 he m5tions are ,e>ly ,erfurt & ,e>ly   
,p>is = ! fir/ crop1 ! ,nonp>eil & or   
,half ,e>ly ,p>is = a succession1 )     
,l5orm& & ,wal*]5 = late4  ,! same      
au?or1 9 8 "w entitl$ ,caulifl[]s & ,h[ 
to ,gr[ ,!m1 publi%$ 9 #ahhf1 says3 ,!  
cultivation ( caulifl[] 9 ! ea/]n t[ns (
 ,suffolk ,c\nty1 ,n4 ,y41 famili>ly    
kn[n z ! ea/ end ( ,long ,isl&1 0 begun 
at ,mattituck ab\t sixte5 ye>s ago1 ^u a
 small scale1 z an exp]im5t1 by "o or   
two g>d5]s f ! we/ end :o 7 =m]ly engag$
 9 gr[+ vegetables = ,new ,york m>kets4 
,! success :i* att5d$ ^! exp]im5ts1 & ! 
subsequ5t ef=ts ( "s ( our f>m]s1 :o by 
reason ( report$ great pr(its1 7 induc$ 
to take up ! cultivation ( ?is crop1 has
 be5 an inc5tive to o!rs1 until at !    
pres5t "t an ,ea/ ,end f>m )\t an acre  
or m ( caulifl[] is an exception1 :ile 9
 ! t[ns ( ,riv]head & ,s\?old _m f>m]s  
gr[ f five to fifte5 acres ea*1 & 9 !   
o!r t[ns ( ,suffolk ,c\nty ! bus9ess is 

l>gely on ! increase4 ,z a rule ! crop  
has done well1 subject ( c\rse to !     
ravages ( insects1 dr\?s1 etc41 :i* h at
 times be5 s]i\s drawbacks2 especially 0
 ?is ! case 9 #ahhd1 :5 ! crop 0 almo/ a
 total failure1 b nev] be=e _h we       
exp]i5c$ su* a protract$ dr\? or su* an 
abundance ( insects ( e kn[n species1 & 
only ^? :o 7 9 advance ( ! dr\?1 or :o  
_h s[n se$ v late1 succe$$ 9 gett+ heads
 = m>ket1 b ! few :o 7 ?us situat$      
receiv$ almo/ fabul\s prices = _!       
product4 ,! foll[+ ye> he says ! crop 0 
rem>kably successful1 m ?an #ajj1jjj    
b>rels be+ %ipp$ f ,suffolk c\nty to !  
,new ,york m>kets dur+ ! m\?s ( ,octob] 
& ,novemb]4 ,prices ?is ye> h rang$ f t5
 doll>s e>ly 9 ! season d[n to "o doll> 
& tw5ty-five c5ts a b>rel dur+ ! glut1  
:5 l>ge quantities 7 sold to pickl]s at 
"o c5t p] p\nd = clean trimm$ cle> curd 
or fl[]4 ,z a rule e>ly & v late        
caulifl[]s br+ ! be/ prices4 99 99 99 99
 99 ,exp]i5ce has taught u t /able      
manure appli$ at ! "t ( plant+1 except =

 ! e>lie/ spr+ crop1 is (t5 injuri\s1 & 
,i advise apply+ /able manure pl5tifully
 to ! crop ( ! prec$+ ye>1 or o!rwise   
let x be turn$ "u at ! fall pl[+1 or if 
well rott$ at ! fir/ spr+ pl[+1 & at !  
"t ( plant+ apply comm]cial f]tiliz]s1  
or1 z !y are sometimes call$1 pat5t     
manures1 us+ :atev] br& y may h ! mo/   
confid5ce 94 ,! competition betwe5      
manufactur]s has become s great t all   
are compell$ to be at lea/ p>tially     
hone/1 & sev]al prep>e a special        
f]tiliz] = caulifl[] & cabbage :i* works
 admirably4 ,our be/ gr[]s all use      
,g]man pota% salts1 or ,ka9it1 ab\t #ac 
p] c5t4 actual pota%1 "o ton to ! acre2 
or sulphate ( pota%1 equal to #bg p]    
c5t4 actual pota%2 or muriate ( pota%1  
equal to #de p] c5t4 actual pota%1 ab\t 
"o half a ton to ! acre4 ,! relative co/
 p] ton1 ( ^! is #af4jj = ,ka9it1 #ch4jj
 = sulphate & #de4jj = muriate--^! are  
pres5t prices1 b ! m>ket is subject to  
fluctuations4 ,^! %\ld be ev5ly appli$  
broadca/ & turn$ "u at ! spr+ pl[+1 & f 

"o half a ton to "o ton ( f]tiliz] to ! 
acre %\ld be appli$ 9 ! same mann] on ! 
surface1 & h>r[$ 9 at ! la/ prep>ation (
 ! soil4 ,( late _m h be5 us+ fi% guano1
 :i* is ! scrap or fle% & bone refuse f 
! ,m5had5 oil-r5d]+ e/abli%m5ts1 9      
connection ) pota% salts1 ) excell5t    
results2 9 fact ,capta9 ,edw>d ,hawk9s1 
( ,jamesport1 "o ( our mo/ successful   
gr[]s1 uses no?+ else1 apply+ "o ton (  
ea* to ! acre4 ,v good caulifl[]s h be5 
gr[n by op5+ furr[s1 plac+ ! f]tiliz]   
!re91 & cov]+ s z to =m ridges2 b ,i    
advise broadca/ manur+ & flat           
cultivation = ?is crop1 z ,i am fully   
conv9c$ t "o acre 9 prop] %ape &        
condition w pay mu* bett] ?an two acres 
only half f]tiliz$4 ,pure1 f9e gr\nd    
bone1 "o ton to ! acre1 pl[$ "u w be    
f\nd b5eficial1 especially s 9 c>ry+ !  
plants out at ! "t ( head+1 b x is      
sc>cely /imulat+ en\gh = ! e>ly         
requirem5ts ( ! plants4 ,well rott$     
/able manure may be us$ to advantage1   
fre%ly appli$ & pl[$ "u1 = e>ly spr+    

plant+ ( cold-frame or hot-b$ plants :i*
 are expect$ to mature be=e extremely   
hot-dry wea!r1 b x has no special       
advantage except to w>m up ! soil4 99 99
 99 ,! great crop ) u is dur+ ! mon?s ( 
,octob] & ,novemb]1 = :i* se$ is s[n f  
,may #ae to ,june #be1 & ! plants set f 
! middle ( ,june to ! la/ ( ,augu/      
accord+ to ! k9d4 ,! v>ieties nam$ =    
spr+ plant+ are1 ,erfurt ,extra ,dw>f   
,e>lie/1 & ,small ,leav$ ,erfurt1 bo?   
be+ also good = ! fall crop1 ! latt] =  
?is crop be+ s[n z late z ,july #a/4 ,! 
,algi]s1 a /&>d sort = fall1 is s[n f   
,may #ae to ,june #a4 ,mr4 ,brill adds3 
,e kn[n sort has be5 te/$ by our gr[]s1 
& ,i h _h 9 "o field eighty-six samples1
 compris+ e kn[n v>iety & sub-v>iety (t5
 repeat$1 gr[n f se$ procur$ f e        
possible s\rce1 & ) ! exception ( "o or 
two sorts1 :i* h done well "u peculi>ly 
favorable conditions & circum/ances1 all
 h be5 positively condemn$ except ^?    
above nam$4 ,! v>ieties ref]r$ to are ! 
,dw>f ,erfurt /ra9s 7includ+            

,h5d]son's71 ! ,algi]s1 & ! ,e>ly &     
,half ,e>ly ,p>is--! latt] two be+ n[   
sup]c$$ by ! =m]4  ,c4 ,h4 ,all51 9 !   
,am]ican ,agriculturi/ = #ahhi1 page    
#big1 says3 ,no section ( ! ,unit$      
,/ates seems s well adapt$ to ! gr[+ ( !
 caulifl[] z ! nor!a/]n "p ( ,long      
,isl&1 ,n4 ,y4 ,= ! e>lie/ crop a piece 
( heavy sod gr\nd is pl[$ dur+ ! mon? ( 
,april4 ,x is !n spread ) fi% scrap at !
 rate ( "o ton to ! acre1 :i* is        
?or\ghly h>r[$ 94 ,a /rip is !n prep>$ =
 s[+ se$1 by rak+ ! gr\nd until x is 9  
good condition2 ! fir/ s[+ ( se$ is made
 ,may #ae4 ,! se$ = ! ma9 crop is s[n t5
 to tw5ty days lat]4 ,:5 ! plants are   
ready to set ! gr\nd is aga9 pl[$ 9 an  
opposite direction f ! fir/ pl[+ & !n   
spread ) muriate ( pota% at ! rate (    
half a ton to ! acre1 or if fi% scrap _c
 be procur$1 "s /&>d f]tiliz] is us$    
aft] ! second pl[+ )\t ! addition (     
muriate ( pota%4 ,! ,e>ly ,dw>f ,erfurt 
& ,sn[ball are ! mo/ popul> v>ieties4 ,!
 ,algi]s has be5 l>gely us$1 b = ! pa/  

two or ?ree seasons has done v poorly1 &
 w n be gr[n 9 ! future4 ,! plants are  
set ?ree feet ap>t ea* way4 ,?is applies
 to ,erfurt & ,sn[ball2 ,algi]s requires
 ! r[s f\r feet ap>t4  ,! ,am]ican ,g>d5
 = #ahhi1 page #ei1 says3 ,almo/        
n9e-t5?s ( all ! caulifl[]s t come to ! 
,new ,york m>ket are gr[n 9 ,suffolk    
,c\nty on ,long ,isl&1 & ?is indu/ry is 
said to br+ ab\t #bjj1jjj a ye> to !    
c\nty4 ,success ) caulifl[] culture has 
be5 v indiff]5t 9 o!r p>ts ( ,long ,isl&
 & else:]e :]e tri$4  ,a ,new ,j]sey    
m>ket-g>d5] describ$ 8 exp]i5ce z foll[s
 a few ye>s ago 9 ! ,new ,york ,tribune3
 ,among ! _m unc]ta9 crops1 ! caulifl[] 
/&s prom95t1 = v (t5 "u ! be/ culture1 x
 fails to produce a head on an acre1    
al?\gh ! usual outlay = prep>+ & manur+ 
! gr\nd prep>atory to plant+ w be at    
lea/ twice z mu* z = a crop ( late      
cabbage4 ,b :5 a full crop ( caulifl[]  
is rais$1 ! pr(its w av]age ?ree times t
 ( ! cabbage 9 ! same m>ket4 ,?is be+ ! 
case1 x is n /range t e means kn[n to ! 

pr(ession %\ld be resort$ to ) ! hope ( 
gett+ ye> aft] ye> maximum crops ( ?is  
vegetable4 ,b1 z yet1 no plan has be5   
discov]$1 "u our burn+ ,july & ,augu/   
sun1 t w make caulifl[] head ) c]ta9ty e
 season4 ,any practical man1 ) /rong    
gr\nd well manur$1 c e n[ & !n raise a  
crop ( caulifl[]4 ,b ?is p>tial success 
"o ye> does v (t5 prove a decid$ loss 9 
! long run1 = ! reason t x (t5 happ5s   
?ree times ! am\nt realiz$ f ?is crop w 
be sp5t 9 ! attempt to raise ano!r j l  
x1 ) ! det]m9ation n to give up4 ,?is   
has be5 my exp]i5ce1 al?\gh ! exp]im5ts 
are made n[ on a mu* small] scale ?an   
=m]ly4 ,la/ ye> ,i set out #b1ejj       
plants1 & only m>ket$ #ejj f ! pat*2 !  
failure 0 ow+ to late plant+4 ,to avoid 
any su* mi/ake ?is ye>1 ! gr\nd 0 made  
ready = plant+ e>ly 9 ,july1 & by !     
middle ( ! mon? "s #a1hjj plants set    
out4 ,! gr\nd 9 ?is case 0 ri*] & m     
mell[ at ! "t ( plant+ ?an la/ ye>1 & ! 
cultivation 0 ab\t ! same4 ,at fir/ ^!  
plants grew vigor\sly1 b late 9 ,augu/  

!y 7 *eck$ f "s unkn[n cause1 & f ?is   
*eck !y did n recov]4 ,"s ( ! l[] leaves
 _h turn$ yell[ & dropp$ (f1 leav+ !    
/alks almo/ b>e1 :ile o!rs h made no new
 gr[? s9ce4 ,judg+ f pres5t appe>ances1 
!re w n be tw5ty-five sizeable heads out
 ( ! #a1hjj plant$4 ,?is is r disc\rag+1
 b "o has to take ! good ) ! bad 9 f>m+ 
or g>d5+4 ,too late to rem$y ! error x 0
 f\nd t ! v>iety plant$ 0 ,wal*]5 in/ead
 ( ! ,erfurt1 a v>iety t has giv5 me m  
pr(itable returns = ! la/ six ye>s ?an  
any o!r1 unless x may be ! ,half ,e>ly  
,p>is4  ,9 ,new ,engl& ! crop is m      
unc]ta9 ?an on ,long ,isl&4 ,w4 ,h4     
,bull1 ( ,hampd5 ,c\nty1 ,massa*usetts1 
f9ds ! crop pr(itable ab\t "o ye> 9     
?ree4 ,=m]ly1 he says1 :5 caulifl[]s 7 a
 new ?+1 any k9d ( a head w\ld sell1 b  
n[ only ! be/ w br+ a pay+ price4 ,!    
loose1 leafy1 purple1 or o!rwise        
discolor$ heads produc$ 9 hot1 dry      
wea!r1 are h>dly wor? haul+ to m>ket4   
,he f9ds ! ,extra ,e>ly ,erfurt ab\t z  
good z ,h5d]son's ,sn[ball4 ,he s[s !   

se$ 9 ,april = a fall crop4 ,if s[n aft]
 ! fir/ week 9 ,may ! plants fail to    
head be=e fro/4  ,ar\nd ,bo/on !        
caulifl[] is gr[n q successfully1 &1 z  
else:]e /at$1 se$ is occasionally       
produc$ !re4 ,! v>iety =m]ly gr[n = !   
ma9 crop 0 an improv$ =m ( ,e>ly ,p>is1 
call$ ,bo/on ,m>ket1 b ?is is n[        
displac$ by ! new ,extra ,e>ly ,erfurt  
/ra9s4 ,x may be m5tion$ "h t ar\nd     
,montreal ! fall crop is v successfully 
gr[n4   ,,! ,,lake ,,region4  ,9 !      
region ( ! ,great ,lakes !re are _m     
localities hav+ a suitable soil 9 :i*   
caulifl[] may be gr[n to good advantage4
 ,! moi/ atmosph]e1 :i* r5d]s mu* ( ?is 
region s well adapt$ to ! cultivation ( 
fruit1 favors ! gr[? ( ! caulifl[]4 ,9  
?is region ! fall crop is ! "o ma9ly    
gr[n1 & ! half-e>ly v>ieties1 su* z     
,e>ly ,p>is & ,e>ly ,london h be5 *iefly
 us$1 ?\gh ! e>li] ,erfurt v>ieties are 
n[ l>gely gr[n4  ,detroit1 ,gr& ,rapids1
 & o!r ,mi*igan cities are comp>atively 
well suppli$ ) home-gr[n caulifl[]4  ,9 

,we/]n ,mi*igan !re is consid]able high1
 roll+ l&1 ( a deep loamy "*1 cov]$     
orig9ally ) a heavy gr[? ( h>d-wood     
timb]4 ,x 0 on su* l& z ?is1 9 ,ottawa  
,c\nty1 t ! writ] grew caulifl[] v      
successfully betwe5 ! ye>s #ahgj &      
#ahhd4 ,! l& _h b rec5tly be5 cle>$ (   
its timb]1 & x seldom receiv$ any o!r   
f]tiliz] ?an ! heavy ,june-grass sod :i*
 0 turn$ "u4 ,! me?od ( prep>+ ! gr\nd 0
 ! same z = any o!r f>m crop1 & !       
plants1 ma9ly ( ! ,e>ly ,p>is v>iety1 7 
set out ab\t ! la/ ( ,june1 usually f\r 
feet ap>t ea* way4 ,!y 7 giv5 good c>e1 
& g5]ally began to head 9 ,septemb]1 at 
! "t ( ! autumnal equ9ox1 :5 !re is     
usually a week or two ( cool1 ra9y      
wea!r4 ,foll[+ ?is1 e>ly 9 ,octob]1 !re 
are g5]ally a few h>d fro/s :i* injure  
"s ( ! heads if !y are n kept well cov]$
 & closely cut4 ,! ma9 caulifl[] season 
!n comes on1 runn+ ?r\gh ,octob] & !    
fir/ half ( ,novemb]4 ,9 a w>m1 late    
season ne>ly all ! plants w h head$1 & !
 heads h be5 sold be=e cold wea!r1 b :5 

w9t] comes on e>ly1 a portion ( ! plants
 w be /ill undevelop$2 ^! are ei!r ga!r$
 & /or$1 z else:]e describ$1 or us$ =   
fe$+ /ock4 ,my crop 0 m>ket$ at ,gr&    
,rapids & ,*icago1 & 0 consid]$ ! f9e/  
s5t to ei!r ( ^? cities4 ,its excell5ce 
0 attribut$ ma9ly to ! deep new f]tile  
soil1 :i* nev] suff]$ f dr\? "u prop]   
cultivation1 & to ! moi/ climate1 due to
 ! surr\nd+ =e/s & ! proximity to ,lake 
,mi*igan4  ,at ,s\? ,hav51 on ! imm$iate
 %ore ( ,lake ,mi*igan1 ! upl& is ma9ly 
too heavy = ! be/ gr[? ( caulifl[]4 ,mr4
 ,%eff] says3 7,mi*4 ,ag4 ,rep4 #ahhh1  
p4 #bhg7 ,we h ! advantage ( *eap l&s1  
*eap transportation to a b\ndless m>ket1
 & a moi/ climate1 all mak+ cel]y &     
caulifl[] desirable crops4 ,= caulifl[]1
 ! prop] soil is ! fir/ ess5tial4 ,if   
plant$ on upl&s x w fail n9e times out (
 t51 unless set s late z to head up j   
be=e w9t]4 ,b x is bett] to gr[ x on l[ 
wet soils t c be dit*$ z f> away z      
,philadelphia4  ,9 ,k5t ,c\nty1 ) :i* ,i
 am famili>1 ! caulifl[] is successfully

 cultivat$ by _m g>d5]s1 b1 z ! air is  
dri]1 m c>e is requir$ !re 9 select+ !  
soil1 ! crop be+ usually gr[n on bottom 
l&s favorably situat$ ) reg>d to        
moi/ure1 & conta9+ an abundance (       
vegetable matt]4 ,x is occasionally gr[n
 on muck1 b su* l& is n z reliable z t (
 a heavi] "*4 ,on ! light1 s&y1 &       
gravelly upl&s1 :i* ab\nd 9 ?is c\nty1 !
 cultivation ( ! caulifl[] is seldom    
attempt$1 & always fails1 except 9      
unusually wet seasons1 al?\gh :5 su* l& 
is heavily manur$1 ! cabbage may be gr[n
 successfully4  ,at ,dulu?1 ,m9nesota1  
ne> ! we/]n end ( ,lake ,sup]ior1 ,i h  
se5 z f9e caulifl[]s gr[+ z ,i ev] saw  
any:]e4 ,! soil 0 black loamy1 upl&4    
,mr4 ,j4 ,s4 ,brocklehur/1 ( ,oneota1 9 
! same c\nty1 consid]s 8 locality       
unsurpass$ = ! caulifl[]4  ,9 ,nor!rn   
,wiscons9 !re is consid]able t]ritory   
:i* is excell5t = caulifl[]4 ,9 #ahij1 !
 fir/1 second & ?ird prizes (f]$ by     
,james ,vick1 = ! be/ heads ( ,vick's   
,ideal 7 all aw>d$ to gr[]s 9 ,eau ,cl>e

 ,c\nty1 ,wiscons94  ,! rec5t           
introduction ( v e>ly v>ieties is likely
 to h an important result 9 ext5d+ !    
cultivation ( ! caulifl[]1 9 ! extreme  
,nor!rn ,/ates & ,canada1 :]e ! soil &  
climate are 9 _m places peculi>ly adapt$
 to x1 b :]e ! seasons are s %ort t x   
has n h]et(ore be5 successfully gr[n4   
,ar\nd ,*icago mu* ( ! soil is          
unsurpass$ = ?is vegetable1 & l>ge      
quantities ( x are gr[n1 b n en\gh to   
supply its local dem&4  ,! mo/          
successful cultivators ( ?is vegetable  
ne> ,*icago are ! m>ket g>d5]s 9 !      
,holl& settlem5t s\? ( ! city1 & !      
,g]mans on ! nor?4 ,all are m successful
 ) ! late crop ?an ) ! e>ly4 ,"o ( ! mo/
 successful ( ^! gr[]s sometimes sets 8 
plants z late z ! fir/ ( ,augu/1 us+ se$
 direct f fri5ds 9 ,holl&4  ,9 ,mahon+  
,c\nty1 ,ohio1 :i* may be includ$1 =    
conv5i5ce1 9 ! ,lake ,region1 ,mr4      
,milton1 :o makes a specialty ( !       
caulifl[]1 /ates t x is a good pay+     
crop1 b requires high cultivation1 & if 

possible a moi/ soil4 ,he /ates t he has
 tri$ all ! v>ieties 9 cultivation1 &   
f9ds a great diff]5ce 9 se$ ( ! same    
v>iety f diff]5t gr[]s4 ,= ! e>ly crop  
he "o ye> plant$ ,h5d]son's ,sn[ball1   
extra select$ ,e>ly ,erfurt1 & ,vick's  
,ideal1 & f\nd1 ow+ to a dr\? :i* set 9 
j z ! heads began to =m1 t ! la/ v>iety 
0 ! only "o :i* gave pay+ heads4 ,= a   
late crop he g5]ally uses ,half-,e>ly   
,p>is1 b has _h good success ) ,algi]s 9
 a w>m season4 ,?is v>iety mu/ be />t$ v
 e>ly1 h[ev]1 9 ord] to head be=e w9t]4 
,,! ,,prairie ,,region4  ,prairie soil  
is usually well adapt$ to ! caulifl[]1 &
 9 favorable seasons a good crop is     
obta9$1 b su* seasons are s little to be
 dep5d$ on 9 ?is region t caulifl[]     
culture on a l>ge scale is only         
pr(itable "h "u irrigation1 or 9        
re/rict$ localities :]e ! soil is       
naturally moi/4  ,! g>d5]s ar\nd ,/4    
,l\is h good success 9 gr[+ caulifl[] on
 ! bottom l&4 ,pr(essor ,l4 ,r4 ,taft   
says1 ,dur+ two ( ! ye>s ,i liv$ 9      

,miss\ri x 0 v hot & dry & on ! heavy   
clay soil ( mo/ ( ! /ate caulifl[]1 z a 
field crop1 0 a failure4 ,i _h good     
success1 h[ev]1 by plant+ "o foot ap>t 9
 cold frames f :i* lettuce _h be5 tak52 
!y 7 wat]$ z requir$ & dur+ ! hotte/    
wea!r 7 protect$ to "s ext5t by means ( 
la? scre5s4  ,"o disadvantage 9 ?is     
unc]ta9ty ( a crop 9 ! ,we/ is its      
effect ^u ! m>ket4 ,a product :i* is    
r>ely se5 9 ! m>ket br+s a l[ price :5  
abundant & fails to br+ a high price 9  
times ( sc>city4 ,few p use x1 & ^! d n 
become s accu/om$ to x z to be will+ to 
pay a high price = x :5 x is sc>ce4     
,mr4 ,ri*e1 ( ,i[a1 tells 9 a report ( !
 ,i[a ,horticultural ,society1 h[1 9    
#ahhd1 he ov]/ock$ ! ,dubuque m>ket )   
#hjjj heads4 ,a ,mr4 ,smi? relates h[1 a
 few ye>s previ\s1 he 0 oblig$ to sell  
#djjj heads = a little ov] "o c5t p]    
head2 yet 9 ?is same m>ket m famili>    
products (t5 br+ high prices4 ,ano!r    
,i[a g>d5] grew a field ( caulifl[] by  
mi/ake1 hav+ pur*as$ ! se$ = cabbage1 & 

f\nd himself unable to sell ! crop at   
all6  ,9 ! irrigat$ di/ricts ( ! ,we/1  
caulifl[] is gr[n to great p]fection4   
,"o ( ! l>ge/ caulifl[]s on record1 f\r 
feet ?ree in*es 9 circumf]5ce1 0 gr[n 9 
,colorado "u irrigation 9 #ahha4 ,a moi/
 atmosph]e is less important ?an pl5ty (
 wat] at ! root1 especially at ! "t (   
head+1 :5 x %\ld be suppli$1 if         
possible1 9 small am\nt e day4 ,!       
some:at sal9e "* ( ! soil 9 ! dry       
regions also favors ! gr[? ( ?is crop   
:5ev] a suffici5t supply ( wat] is giv54
  ,at ! ,colorado exp]im5t /ation sixte5
 v>ieties 7 gr[n "u irrigation 9 #ahhh  
7see table "u ,v>iety ,te/s71 ( :i*     
,h5d]son's ,sn[ball & ,extra ,e>ly      
,erfurt gave ! be/ results4 ,at !       
,arkansas /ation1 ! foll[+ ye>1 out (   
twelve v>ieties ^! two 7 ! only ones t  
produc$ heads4 ,at ! ,s\? ,dakota       
/ation1 ,h5d]son's ,sn[ball & ,haskell's
 ,favorite1 a v>iety app>5tly id5tical )
 x1 gave good results4   ,,caulifl[] ,,9
 ,,! ,,s\?4  ,! caulifl[]1 z a m>ket    

crop1 is b little gr[n 9 ! ,s\?1 b !re  
is no good reason :y x %\ld n become    
ext5sively cultivat$ !re4 ,! *ief       
h9drances to its cultivation 9 ! ,s\? h 
be5 ! lack ( high pric$ local m>kets1 & 
! liability ( ! heads to heat dur+      
transportation to ! ,nor?4  ,! mo/      
favorable localities = gr[+ ?is         
vegetable 9 ! ,s\? are ne> ! ,gulf &    
,atlantic coa/s1 especially ne> ! m\?s (
 riv]s :]e !re is an alluvial soil & a  
moi/ atmosph]e4 ,! caulifl[] is bett]   
adapt$ ?an ! cabbage to a w>m climate1 b
 heavi] soil is requir$ = x 9 ! ,s\? ?an
 at ! ,nor?4  ,w4 ,f4 ,massey1 ( ! ,nor?
 ,c>ol9a exp]im5t /ation1 says t        
fall-s[n plants are ! only ones wor?    
gr[+ 9 t latitude4 ,! se$ %\ld be s[n 9 
,septemb]4 ,! crop %\ld head n lat] ?an 
,m>* or ,april1 z ! heat is too great   
aft] ,april = good heads4 ,by =c+1 !    
plants may be head$ 9 ! frames 9 w9t]4  
,m heat & protection are ne$$ = ?is ?an 
9 m]ely keep+ ov] ! plants4 ,:5 ! plants
 are approa*+ full size a light dress+ (

 nitrate ( soda rak$ into ! soil is us$ 
to pu% !m along & *eck any t5d5cy to    
button4 ,lettuce is usually gr[n 9 !    
frames betwe5 ! plants :ile small4  ,dr4
 ,a4 ,oeml]1,a ( ,savannah1 ,georgia1   
says3 ,if ?is mo/ delicate & mo/        
valuable memb] ( ! ,brassica family1    
w\ld 'c>ry' m safely at locations       
suitable = its cultivation1 x w\ld be "o
 ( ! mo/ important crops = ! truck f>m]4
 ,al?\gh s situat$1 ,i h ab&on$ its     
culture1 not)/&+ ,i h nett$ z high z    
#bd4ge 9 ,new ,york p] b>rel = x1 & !   
heads or 'curds' h sold at a gross      
av]age ( ?irty-sev5 c5ts ea*4           
,sometimes1 h[ev]1 x w\ld cont9ue to    
arrive 9 su* bad ord] z n to be wor?    
%ipp+4 ,= ! pa/ two ye>s its culture = !
 ,nor!rn m>ket has be5 ma9ly conf9$ to  
,florida4 ,com+ s mu* e>li] !re1 x is n 
expos$ to heat+ 9 transit4 ,! be/       
v>ieties are ,extra ,e>ly ,dw>f ,erfurt1
 ! ,sn[ball1 & ! v l>ge gr[+ ,algi]s4 ,x
 %\ld be m>ketable 9 ,m>* & ,april4 ,!  
se$ !re=e %\ld be s[n 9 ! latitude (    

,savannah ab\t ,decemb] fir/1 "u glass1 
& ! plants transplant$ ab\t ,janu>y t5?4
  ,dr4 ,*>les ,mohr1 ( ,mobile1         
,alabama1 writes3 ,f my own exp]i5ce ,i 
judge t ?is vegetable does n succe$ z   
well 9 ! s\!rn "p ( ?is /ate z 9 its    
c5tral & m nor!rn p>ts4 ,i h se5 x rais$
 ( good quality 9 ! g>d5s ( ,montgom]y1 
& 9 ! greate/ p]fection 9 ! highl&s (   
nor? ,alabama at an elevation ( ab\t    
#ejj feet above ! ,gulf--at ,cullman1 9 
a some:at light loamy soil1 well suppli$
 ) /able manure4 ,9 t locality ! se$s   
are s[n by ! end ( ,febru>y 9 a cold    
frame1 to all[ protection ( ! "y plants 
f fro/1 & ! plants are transf]r$ to !   
op5 l& by ! middle ( ,m>*4 ,!y arrive at
 _! p]fection dur+ ! fir/ half ( ! mon? 
( ,may4 ,ano!r s[+ is made dur+ ! fir/  
week ( ,m>* to furni% a crop dur+ ! e>ly
 "p ( ,june4 ,9 t locality ?is vegetable
 is rais$ only to meet a v limit$ home  
dem&4 ,my in=mant at ,montgom]y1 :o     
raises only a supply = 8 own use1       
writes3 ',i h rais$ caulifl[] "h )      

success = a s]ies ( ye>s1 "s ( ! heads  
weigh+ six to sev5 p\nds4 ,! soil ( my  
g>d5 is a light s&y loam1 requir+ heavy 
manur+1 & frequ5t irrigation ( ! plants 
t[>d ! "t ( head+2 x _c be said to be   
exactly suit$ to ?is vegetable4 ,i get  
my se$ 7! ,:ite ,sn[ball7 f ,pet]       
,h5d]son1 ( ,new ,york1 s[ 9 ,decemb] 9 
hot-b$1 transplant z soon z l>ge en\gh  
to a cold frame1 & transplant z soon z  
dang] ( fro/ is ov]1 say ab\t ! fir/ "p 
or middle ( ,m>*1 to ! op5 gr\nd1 :i*   
has be5 well prep>$ & manur$ ) /able    
manure4 ,i cultivate ! same z = cabbage1
 & ! crop matures ab\t ! fir/ ( ,may4'  
,"o ( ! mo/ successful m>ket g>d5]s &   
truck f>m]s 9 ?is vic9ity ,mobile1 says3
 ',we h cultivat$ caulifl[] = a long    
s]ies ( ye>s1 b f9d x mu* less pr(itable
 ?an ! rais+ ( cabbage2 fir/1 on acc\nt 
( its t5d]ness1 mak+ x liable to be     
injur$ 9 transportation to di/ant       
m>kets1 & second1 by reason ( repeat$   
failure ( ! crop 9 consequ5ce ( ! too   
e>ly adv5t ( spells ( hot & dry wea!r at

 ! op5+ ( ! w>m season4 ,we s[ 9        
,novemb] 9 cold frame1 keep well ?9n$   
out "u glass until ab\t ! #bj? (        
,janu>y1 !n transplant to ! op5 gr\nd1  
cultivat+ well ) frequ5t wat]+ if !     
wea!r %\ld be dry4 ,if ! mon?s ( ,april 
& ,may are dry & hot ! crop results 9 a 
failure1 f :i*1 9 our dry & ?ir/y soil1 
no irrigation w save x4 ,9 favorable    
seasons we h f9e results1 rais+ heads f 
t5 to sixte5 in*es 9 diamet]4 ,9 !      
p]petually damp & inexhau/ibly f]tile   
soil ( ! alluvial l&s 9 ! ,mobile ,riv] 
delta 7m>%es dra9$ by dit*+7 ! caulifl[]
 is rais$ 9 ! greate/ p]fection1 & is   
ready by ,*ri/mas "t = ! home m>ket1    
br++ fancy prices4 ,9 su* localities !  
e>ly v>ieties1 p>ticul>ly ! ,e>ly ,p>is1
 are us$1 ! se$ be+ s[n 9 ,augu/4       
,outside ( ^! m>%es ! e>ly v>ieties are 
n gr[n1 z !y produce only small & meagre
 heads4 ,among ! lat] v>ieties we f9d   
,algi]s & ,l5orm& ! be/1 buy+ ! se$ f   
,vilmor9 9 ,p>is4'  ,mr4 ,j4 ,n4 ,:itn]1
 9 8 "w on ,g>d5+ 9 ,florida1 recomm5ds 

,e>ly ,sn[ball1 ,extra ,e>ly ,p>is1 &   
,extra ,e>ly ,dw>f ,erfurt4 ,! se$ is   
s[n 9 boxes 9 autumn & protect$ f beat+ 
ra9s1 & if s[n be=e ! middle ( ,octob] !
 plants are also protect$ f ! direct sun
 dur+ ! middle ( ! day4 ,! ma9 crop is  
plant$ out be=e ! fir/ ( ,novemb]1 &    
h>ve/$ ! foll[+ spr+4 ,9 ! nor!rn       
portion ( ! /ate ! plants are sometimes 
injur$ by ! cold 9 w9t]4 ,! crop is n   
yet ext5sively gr[n 9 t /ate4 ,9 reg>d  
to suitable soil1 ,mr4 ,:itn] says3  ,9 
?is /ate almo/ e truck f>m] has "s l[   
ri* spot ( bottom1 lake or riv] m>g9    
suitable = ! production ( ! caulifl[]4  
,x mu/1 h[ev]1 be well dra9$ l&1 & no   
matt] h[ f]tile x may seem to be        
naturally1 a lib]al supply ( manure w m 
c]ta9ly insure h&some fl[] heads4  ,mr4 
,frotz]1 a ,new ,orleans se$sman1 says (
 ! caulifl[]3  ,?is is "o ( ! f9e/      
vegetables gr[n1 & succe$s well 9 !     
vic9ity ( ,new ,orleans4 ,l>ge          
quantities are rais$ on ! sea-coa/ 9 !  
neighborhood ( ,b>at>ia ,bay4 ,! two    

,italian v>ieties are ( excell5t        
quality1 gr[+ to l>ge size1 & are       
consid]$ h>di] ?an ! ,g]man & ,fr5*     
v>ieties4 ,i h _h specim5s br\ght to my 
/ore1 rais$ f se$ obta9$ f me1 weigh+   
sixte5 p\nds4 ,! gr\nd = plant+         
caulifl[] %\ld be v ri*4 ,!y ?rive be/ 9
 ri*1 s&y soil1 & require pl5ty (       
moi/ure dur+ ! =mation ( ! head4 ,!     
,italian v>ieties %\ld be s[n f ,april  
till ,july2 ! latt] mon? & ,june is !   
be/ "t to s[ ! ,e>ly ,giant4 ,dur+      
,augu/1 ,septemb] & ,octob]1 ! ,l5orm&1 
,half ,e>ly ,p>is & ,erfurt c be s[n4 ,!
 ,half ,e>ly ,p>is is v popul>1 b ! o!r 
v>ieties are j z good4 ,= spr+ crop !   
,italian k9ds d n answ]1 b ! ,e>ly ,fr5*
 & ,g]man v>ieties c be s[n at ! end (  
,decemb] & dur+ ,janu>y1 9 a b$ protect$
 f fro/1 & may be transplant$ into ! op5
 gr\nd dur+ ,febru>y & z late z ,m>*4   
,if we h a favorable season1 & n too    
dry1 !y w be v f9e2 b if ! heat sets 9  
soon1 ! fl[]s w n atta9 ! same size z ^?
 obta9$ f se$s s[n 9 fall1 & :i* head   

dur+ ,decemb] & ,janu>y4  ,9 ! ,texas   
,f>m & ,ran*1 ,h4 ,m4 ,/r+fell[1 (      
,hit*cock1 ,galve/on ,c\nty1 gives an   
acc\nt ( 8 success ) ,am]ican gr[n      
7,puget ,s\nd7 se$ ( ,h5d]son's ,sn[ball
 caulifl[]4 ,he says3  ,aft] two ye>s   
c>eful trial1 ,i h f\nd ?is se$ e way   
sup]ior to ! orig9al import$ /ock1 good 
z t 01 = our hot climate4 ,! plants are 
mu* m robu/1 make equally z compact b   
l>g] heads1 & :at is mo/ rem>kable1 !y  
mature "h fully two weeks or m ahead ( !
 import$ se$4 ,ne>ly e plant w make a   
m>ketable head1 & !y always sell = fully
 d\ble z mu* z cabbage4  ,^! ,am]ican   
se$s beg9 to head ab\t ! fir/ (         
,novemb]1 & are ne>ly all gone by       
,*ri/mas1 :i* gives ample "t to get !   
crop (f 9 any "p ( ,texas4  ,! caulifl[]
 is emphatically a fall vegetable &     
seems to require = its p]fect developm5t
 a gradually decreas+ temp]ature4 ,! se$
 %\ld be s[$ f ! fir/ to ! fifte5? (    
,july1 9 a frame4 ,make ! gr\nd v ri*1 &
 if y use salt1 :i* ,i consid] almo/ an 

ess5tial = ?is crop1 turn x "u deeply at
 ! fir/ pl[+4 ,9 fact1 salt & pota% _h  
bett] be deeply work$ into ! soil       
always1 z x w n d = ei!r to come 9      
contact ) ! roots ( a newly set plant4  
,until rec5tly ,i h always ?\ght t x    
w\ld injure a plant to set x 9 soil to  
:i* cottonse$ meal _h be5 lately appli$4
 ,b exp]im5ts made 9 ! la/ few weeks    
prove t x is n only n injuri\s1 b t     
cabbage plants gr[ (f ) wond]ful vigor  
:5 ! meal 0 appli$ ! day be=e ! plants 7
 set4  ,x w pay to subsoil = caulifl[]1 
9 ord] to give !m all ! moi/ure         
possible1 ?\gh !y w /& a dr\? 9 ! fall  
equally z well z a cabbage4  ,9 ?is     
connection may be m5tion$ ! foll[+      
acc\nt ( caulifl[] gr[+ at ,durango1    
,mexico1 s5t to ! ,g>d5]'s ,*ronicle 9  
#ahec3 ,! writ] says3 ,( ! cul9>y       
vegetables1 none excel ! caulifl[]1 :i* 
atta9s su* a size t a s+le head measures
 #ah in*es to #b feet 9 diamet]1 & makes
 a donkey load4 ,! gigantic caulifl[] is
 n di/9ct f our ,european species1 b is 

solely produc$ by a cultivation :i*     
necessity has dictat$4 ,be+ "o ( !      
,nor!rn vegetables t deg5]ate or be> no 
se$ if n annually procur$ f ,europe1 x  
is propagat$ by cutt+s4 ,aft] ! heads   
are ga!r$ ! /ubs are all[$ to ?r[ out   
new %oots1 :i* are aga9 plant$ & h to   
gr[ two ye>s1 produc+ ! second1 !       
enorm\s heads4  ,! foll[+ f ,woodr['s   
,g>d5+ 9 ,india1 7#d? edition1 ,bombay1 
#ahhh71 conta9s _m int]e/+ po9ts (      
sugge/ive value = ! extreme ,s\?3       
,caulifl[]1 be+ a delicate plant1 always
 ne$s great c>e & att5tion 9 its        
cultivation1 b mu* less c>e is necess>y 
9 ?is c\ntry ?an 9 ,europe4 ,! soil mo/ 
suitable is a ri* friable loam1 su* z   
occurs 9 ! black soil ( ! ,duccan1 !    
alluvial tracts 9 ! bas9 ( ! ,ganges or 
,n]budda4 ,?or\gh work+ ( ! soil is     
necess>y1 & 9 /ations :]e ! m>ket price 
( caulifl[] is usually ov] f\r annas p] 
head1 z is ! case 9 _m p>ts ( ,s\!rn    
,india1 ! crop is well wor? extra c>e 9 
! prep>ation ( ! soil4 ,?is process %\ld

 be begun %ortly aft] ! ra9s1 :5 ! soil 
is easily pl[$ or dug4 ,x %\ld !n be    
turn$ up r\ghly to a dep? ( a foot or   
fifte5 in*es4 ,a mon? lat] ! clods %\ld 
be brok5 ) ! mallet or clod cru%]1 & !  
pl[ put ?r\gh ! gr\nd a second "t4 ,:5 !
 soil has wea!r$ a few weeks1 ! sc>ifi] 
or cultivator %\ld be run ov] x once    
mon?ly until ,may4 ,at t "t good decay$ 
c[ dung or p\drette %\ld be spread "o   
in* deep1 & any close gr[+ crop :i* is n
 valuable1 su* z sunn1 tag1 *anamoo1 or 
,crotol>ia juncea1 %\ld be s[n to keep  
d[n we$s & enc\rage ! =mation ( nitric  
acid 9 ! soil1 :i* has be5 prov$ to be  
effect$ to a great] ext5t "u a crop ?an 
on b>e soil4 ,dur+ dry wea!r 9 ,augu/ ! 
crop %\ld be pull$ up & ! gr\nd pl[$ or 
dug & ! crop buri$ 9 ! tr5*es to act z  
gre5 manure1 & ! l& prep>$ = irrigation4
  ,! se$-b$ %\ld be prep>$ by ?or\gh    
digg+ & mix+ ab\t an in* 9 dep? ( old   
manure2 wood a%es & decay$ sweep+s hav+ 
a quantity ( goat or %eep dung 9 x is   
well suit$ = ! se$-b$ at ?is season4 ,c[

 dung is apt to h ! l>va ( ! dung beetle
 9 x--a v l>ge cat]pill> :i* de/roys "y 
plants by eat+ ?r\gh ! /em "u gr\nd4 ,! 
b$ hav+ be5 ?or\ghly wat]$1 ! se$ may be
 s[n broadca/ or 9 l9es1 & cov]$ ) a    
qu>t] ( an in* ( f9e1 dry1 s&y soil1 &  
%ad$ f bright sun%9e4 ,:5 ! se$l+s      
appe>1 gradually remove ! %ade4 ,! mo/  
conv5i5t =m ( b$ is n m ?an f\r feet 9  
wid?1 ! l5g? be+ suffici5t = ! gr\nd to 
be plant$4 ,"o ounce ( se$ is suffici5t 
= a b$ fifty feet squ>e1 :i* w give     
suffici5t plants = an acre if ! se$ is  
good4 ,s[+ %\ld be made once 9 t5 days1 
f ! middle ( ,augu/ till ! end (        
,septemb]4 ,if ! g>d5 has be5 neglect$1 
or ! di/rict rem>kable = ! quantity (   
grubs t ye>ly come out 9 ,augu/1 spread 
a consid]able "p ( ! g>d5 ) a ?ick coat+
 ( /able litt] or dry leaves & burn x1  
prep>e ! se$ b$ 9 ! middle ( ! burnt    
space1 & soak two p\nds ( saltpetre 9   
wat] = "o hundr$ squ>e feet1 & wat] ! b$
 ) x = at lea/ two weeks be=e s[+ ! se$4
 ,:5 ! se$l+s h acquir$ ab\t five       

leaves1 & ! gr\nd to plant is ready1    
lift ! "y plants g5tly on a cl\dy day1 &
 plant !m out two & "o-half feet ap>t   
ea* way4 ,if bright sun%9e comes out1   
%ade ! newly mov$ plants ) broad leaves1
 & wat] !m daily ) ! wat]+ pot = a few  
days1 besides irrigat+ suffici5tly to   
keep ! soil moi/4 ,aft]w>ds1 hoe+1 pick+
 grubs & replac+ ! losses f ! se$-b$ mu/
 be att5d$ to4  ,! selection ( sorts is 
a s]i\s matt] 9 caulifl[] culture1      
because _m sorts gr[ only to leaves 9 "s
 climates1 & great loss has be5 met ) by
 "s p 9 consequ5ce ( gett+ ! wrong      
v>iety4 ,! v>iety kn[n to ,engli% se$sm5
 z ,l>ge ,asiatic1 has e/abli%$ itself 9
 ! ,nor!rn ,prov9ces1 :]e a good head ( 
caulifl[] is procurable 9 ,decemb] =    
"o-half anna4 ,9 ,bombay ! same w\ld co/
 t5 times t sum4 ,! se$ ( ?is v>iety is 
rem>kably *eap 9 ! di/ricts x be>s se$  
94 ,f ,%ajehanpore ,i b\ght l>ge        
quantities at ,rs4 #b p] p\nd1 :ile !   
price ( se$ f ,engl& 0 ,rs4 #b p] ounce4
 ,?is sort is p]fectly reliable :5      

prop]ly cultivat$1 b x is consid]$      
inf]ior 9 flavor & delicacy to ,engli%  
sorts1 & its season is v %ort4 ,x appe>s
 to run to se$ :5 ,janu>y comes1 at     
:atev] "t x may h be5 s[n1 :ile ,engli% 
v>ieties come into use f ! beg9n+ (     
,decemb] to ! end ( ,febru>y accord+ to 
! date ( s[+4  ,among ,european         
v>ieties1 success w g5]ally be met ) by 
s[+ ,e>ly ,london & ,wal*]54 ,! diff]5t 
,giant & ,mammo? v>ieties adv]tis$ 9    
se$sm5's catalogues %\ld be gr[n z      
extras1 & if "o is f\nd to suit ! soil &
 climate ( a p>ticul> /ation1 x may be  
gr[n m ext5sively aft]w>ds2 my exp]i5ce 
) ^? v>ieties has n be5 happy4   ,,!    
,,pacific ,,coa/4  ,f9e e>ly caulifl[]s 
are gr[n 9 ,cali=nia "u irrigation1 &   
m>ket$ z f> ea/ z ,*icago4 ,oregon &    
,wa%+ton include a l>ge area adapt$ to  
caulifl[] gr[+1 & ?is favorable t]ritory
 ext5ds nor?w>d into ,alaska4 ,! cool1  
moi/ climate ( ! ,upp] ,pacific coa/    
resembles t ( ,engl&1 :]e caulifl[]s are
 s ext5sively gr[n4  ,!re are few good  

m>kets yet 9 ?is region1 b ! rapid gr[? 
( ! cities :i* exi/ af=ds promise ( a   
l>ge future dem& = ?is vegetable1 :i* is
 likely to come into m g5]al use z x    
becomes bett] kn[n4  ,pr(essor ,e4 ,r4  
,lake1 ( ! ,oregon exp]im5t /ation1     
/ates t "s p>ts ( ! ,oregon coa/ are    
well adapt$ to ! caulifl[]1 b t o!r     
int]e/s & lack ( transportation         
facilities h ?us f> prev5t$ its         
cultivation = m>ket1 ! bulk ( ! crop    
sold !re com+ f ,cali=nia4 ,he adds t ! 
,*9ese 9 ! vic9ity ( ,portl& cultivate  
?is vegetable1 b t _! peculi> me?ods are
 n yet und]/ood4  ,"s t5 ye>s ago       
exp]im5ts 7 begun by "o ( our se$sm5 9  
rais+ caulifl[] & cabbage se$ on !      
alluvial tide l&s on ! %ore ( ,puget    
,s\nd4 ,^! l&s1 aft] be+ dik$ & dra9$1  
prov$ to be rem>kably well adapt$ to !  
gr[? ( ! caulifl[] & its se$4 ,o!rs h   
s9ce engag$ 9 gr[+ ^! se$s 9 ! same     
region1 & ! bus9ess is assum+ l>ge      
proportions4 ,an acc\nt ( ?is ent]prise 
may be f\nd 9 ! *apt] on ,se$4          

,,footnotes3  ,a ,dr4 ,oeml] is ! au?or 
( an excell5t "w entitl$ ,truck ,f>m+ 9 
! ,s\?4 ,8 f>m is on ,wilm+ton ,isl&1 9 
! m\? ( ! ,savannah ,riv]4     ,,*apt]  
,,vi4  ,,insect ,,& ,,fungus ,,enemies4 
,! insect enemies ( ! caulifl[] are !   
same z ^? :i* attack ! cabbage & o!r    
relat$ plants4 ,! f\r "h m5tion$ require
 to be specially gu>d$ aga9/4 ,9 prep>+ 
^! notes ,i am indebt$ to ,mr4 ,l4 ,o4  
,h[>d1 ( ! ,dep>tm5t ( ,agriculture1 at 
,wa%+ton1 = ess5tial aid4  ,,flea       
,,beetle 7,phyllotrea /riolata1         
,fabr74--,?is insect1 also kn[n z !     
gr\nd flea or ,jack1 seldom attacks !   
plants except :ile gr[+ 9 ! op5 gr\nd1 &
 is mo/ tr\blesome 9 w>m1 %elt]$        
situations4 ,a safe prev5tive1 !re=e1 is
 to gr[ ! plants 9 b$s or frames elevat$
 ab\t ?ree feet f ! gr\nd4 ,! objection 
to ?is me?od1 aside f ! extra labor     
involv$1 is ! necessity ( almo/ daily   
att5tion to see t ! soil does n dry out4
 ,a supply ( wat] mu/ be conv5i5tly at  
h& if ?is me?od is us$1 & x is desirable

 also1 to prev5t ! b$s dry+ out too     
quickly1 to h ! e>? at lea/ eight in*es 
deep4 ,9 hot-b$s ?is insect is seldom   
tr\blesome1 be+ probably repell$ by !   
fumes f ! manure us$4 ,:5 ! se$ is s[n 9
 ! op5 gr\nd1 z practis$ by _m l>ge     
gr[]s1 an extra quantity %\ld be us$ to 
ensure aga9/ almo/ c]ta9 loss ( "s ( !  
plants by ! flea beetle4 ,! soil %\ld be
 ri* & f9e1 s t ! plants w pass !       
critical /age z quickly z possible4 ,s[+
 radi% se$s ) ! caulifl[] is practis$ by
 "s1 z ?is se$ co/s b little1 & !       
radi%es1 com+ up fir/1 are attack$ by ! 
fleas1 :i*1 to "s ext5t1 saves !        
caulifl[]s4 ,:5 ! fleas appe>1 almo/ any
 k9d ( du/ w keep !m 9 *eck some:at4    
,lime & a%es are us$1 b pla/]1 :i*      
adh]es to ! leaves bett]1 seems equally 
good4 ,i h _h good success ) rancid fi% 
oil1 mix$ z ?or\ghly z possible ) wat] &
 spray$ ^u ! plants4 ,an emulsion made (
 ! oil1 9 ! same mann] z h]eaft]        
describ$ = k]os5e1 w\ld enable x to be  
us$ to bett] advantage4 ,a decoction (  

tobacco1 or f9e tobacco du/1 are /&>d   
rem$ies = ?is insect4  ,,cut            
,,worms4--,caulifl[] plants be+ fully   
twice z valuable z cabbage plants1 & x  
be+ ( m importance to h !m />t$ at !    
prop] "t1 x is necess>y to give great]  
c>e to protect !m f cut worms4          
,absolutely clean l& conta9s no cut     
worms1 b su* l& is seldom us$ on :i* to 
plant caulifl[]4 ,sod l&1 :i* is g5]ally
 us$1 is ne>ly always full ( cut worms4 
,a multitude ( rem$ies h be5 propos$ =  
?is pe/1 b few ( !m are ( mu* value4 ,! 
worms are mo/ abundant & de/ructive 9 ! 
latitude ( ,new ,york dur+ ! mon? (     
,may4 ,=tunately1 caulifl[]s are usually
 set out ei!r e>li] ?an ?is1 = ! e>ly   
crop1 s t !y become well e/abli%$ & out 
( rea* be=e _! depr$ations s]i\sly beg91
 or else1 = ! late crop1 !y are set t[>d
 ! la/ ( ,june1 aft] ! worms h begun to 
pupate1 & are no long] tr\blesome4      
,until rec5tly1 digg+ & kill+ ! worms by
 h& seem$ to be almo/ ! only practical  
rem$y4 ,( late ye>s1 trapp+ ! worms "u  

bun*es ( grass or cabbage leaves1       
scatt]$ ov] ! gr\nd prep>atory to sett+ 
! plants1 has be5 successfully resort$  
to4 ,an improvem5t ^u ?is me?od1        
recomm5d$ by ! ,entomologi/ ( ! ,unit$  
,/ates ,dep>tm5t ( ,agriculture1 is n[ 9
 use1 & gives excell5t satisfaction4 ,x 
consi/s 9 poison+ ) ,p>is gre5 ! leaves 
us$ to trap ! worms1 s t !re is no ne$  
to collect & kill ! worms by h&4 ,a good
 way to d ?is is to spray ) ,p>is gre51 
9 ! usual way1 a pat* ( "y clov]1 !n cut
 x & scatt] x 9 small bun*es ov] !      
caulifl[] field a day or two be=e sett+ 
! plants4 ,= ! protection ( a few plants
 9 ! g>d51 an effectual prev5tive aga9/ 
cut worms is to surr\nd ! /em ) a cyl9d]
 ( pap] or t94 ,?is ne$ n t\* ! plant4  
,"o %\ld expect to lose "s plants1      
h[ev]1 by cut worms1 & be prep>$ ) good 
plants to fill ! vacancies4  ,,cabbage  
,,maggot 7,an?omya brassicae1           
,b\*e7--,dr4 ,j4 ,a4 ,l9tn]1 ,/ate      
,entomologi/ ( ,new ,york1 says ( ?is   
insect3 ,?is is probably ! mo/ injuri\s 

species ( ! ,an?omyiidae1 z its         
di/ribution is v ext5sive1 bo? 9 ,europe
 & ,am]ica1 & x has %[n at times su*    
capacity = multiplication z to cause !  
entire de/ruction ( cabbage crops4 ,x   
comm5ces its attack ^u ! "y plants :ile 
yet 9 ! se$-b$ & cont9ues to infe/ !m1 9
 sev]al successive broods1 until !y are 
tak5 up 9 ! autumn4 ,! l>vae op]ate by  
consum+ ! rootlets ( "y plants1 & by    
excoriat+ ! surface & eat+ into ! r9d ( 
old] ones1 or ev5 p5etrat+ into !       
int]ior ( ! root4 ,:5 !y ab\nd to !     
ext5t ( s]i\sly burr[+ ! /alk ! decay ( 
! root frequ5tly foll[s 9 wet seasons1 &
 entire fields are ?us de/roy$4  ,! same
 insect attacks ! turnip1 caulifl[]1 &  
probably o!r plants4 ,a closely relat$  
species is v injuri\s to ! radi%4 ,!    
pres5ce ( ! insect mo/ frequ5tly becomes
 manife/ ^u ! caulifl[] ab\t two weeks  
aft] ! plants are set out1 & is         
recogniz$ by ! plants ceas+ to gr[1 &   
wilt+ or assum+ a blui% appe>ance4 ,su* 
plants %\ld be at once remov$1 toge!r ) 

! e>? imm$iately surr\nd+ ! root1 & fre%
 plants :i* h be5 held 9 res]ve set 9 _!
 places4 ,! only satisfactory rem$ies   
are prev5tive ones4 ,! se$-b$ %\ld be   
compos$ ( soil tak5 f ! woods1 or at    
lea/ f "s place :]e no cabbages or      
simil> plants h be5 gr[n4 ,b ! mo/      
important precaution is to avoid gr[+ ! 
crop ye> aft] ye> ^u ! same gr\nd1      
especially aft] ! insect has made its   
appe>ance4  ,! foll[+ rem$y1 giv5 by    
,francis ,brill1 9 8 pamphlet on        
,caulifl[]s1 is wor?y ( c>eful trial4   
,mr4 ,brill says3 ,! ravages ( ! root   
maggot h made ! gr[+ ( e>ly caulifl[]1 &
 ev5 e>ly cabbages 9 _m sections1 almo/ 
an impossibility1 b !re is a rem$y1 :5 !
 maggot has attack$ ! roots ( ! plants1 
:i* may be kn[n by a t5d5cy ( ! leaves  
to wilt & droop 9 ! heat ( ! day1 v mu* 
! same z :5 affect$ by club root4       
,dissolve ,muriate ( ,pota% 7analyz+ #de
 p] c5t4 actual pota%7 9 wat] 9 !       
proportion ( "o tablespoonful to !      
gallon2 or d\ble ! quantity ( ,ka9it or 

common pota% salts 7#ac p] c5t4 actual  
pota%74 ,apply ?is directly to ! roots1 
ab\t "o gill to ea* plant1 :e!r seem+ly 
affect$ or n1 = ! maggot w h done mu*   
h>m be=e ! plant w %[ x1 repeat+ !      
application z occasion may seem to      
require4 ,9 sections :]e ^! maggots h   
be5 preval5t x w be well to make a      
solution ( half ! above /r5g?1 & :5 !   
plants are nicely />t$ apply 9 ! same   
mann] z a prev5tive4 ,c>e & judgm5t mu/ 
be us$ n to ov]do ! matt]1 !reby kill+ !
 plants z well z ! maggots4 ,exp]im5t a 
little at fir/4  ,h4 ,a4 ,m>*1 (        
,wa%+ton1 says3 ,! be/ ?+ t ,i h f\nd = 
! maggot is a poor grade ( sulphur1     
sulphur be=e be+ purifi$1 t smells v    
/rong4 ,spr9kl$ ov] ! plants x seems to 
drive ! fly away4  ,,cabbage ,,worm     
7,pi]is rapae1 ,ko*74--,! import$       
cabbage worm1 n[ kn[n all ov] ! c\ntry1 
is ! mo/ tr\blesome enemy :i* attacks   
ei!r ! cabbage or caulifl[]1 & ! mo/    
difficult "o ) :i* to deal4 ,x seldom   
:olly de/roys ! crop1 & is g5]ally a    

little less de/ructive aft] a few ye>s  
?an x is at fir/1 be+ kept 9 *eck by its
 natural enemies4 ,x nev] disappe>s1    
h[ev]1 & its numb]s _c be mat]ially     
dim9i%$ = any l5g? ( "t by artificial   
means4 ,among ! p>tial rem$ies 9 use are
 ! foll[+3  #a4 ,cat* ! butt]flies ) a  
net :5 !y fir/ appe> 9 spr+1 be=e !y h  
laid _! eggs4 ,?is may keep ! insect 9  
*eck = a ye> or two :5 x fir/ makes its 
appe>ance1 z ! butt]flies are           
comp>atively sl[ fli]s1 & may be caught 
)\t mu* difficulty by a spry boy1       
especially 9 ! morn+ :5 ! air is damp4  
#b4 ,e>ly 9 ! season keep ! "y plants   
exclud$ f ! butt]flies1 & ! :ole place  
free f ev]y?+ else ( ! cabbage tribe1   
except "o or m pat*es ( rutabagas or    
rape1 on :i* ! butt]flies w lay _! eggs4
 ,?is piece is to be !n pl[$ "u4  #c4   
,h& pick ! worms f ! plants aft] !y are 
set out1 = ! fir/ "o or two hoe+s1 or   
until ! worms become v num]\s4  #d4     
,spray ) k]os5e emulsion1 made by us+   
two gallons ( k]os5e1 "o-half p\nd (    

common or :ale oil soap1 & "o gallon (  
wat]4 ,dissolve ! soap 9 ! wat]1 & add  
x1 boil+ hot1 to ! k]os5e2 !n *urn1 :ile
 at lea/ w>m1 = five or t5 m9utes1 by   
means ( a =ce pump & spray+ nozzle1     
until ! mixture loses its oil9ess &     
becomes l butt]4 ,:5 us$1 dilute "o "p (
 ! emulsion ) ab\t fifte5 ( wat]1 &     
spray x ^u ! plants by means ( a =ce    
pump & spray+ nozzle4 ,?is emulsion is  
also excell5t = ! cabbage l\se & _m o!r 
insects4 ,9 ! report ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates  
,dep>tm5t ( ,agriculture = #ahhc may be 
f\nd a description & figure ( a suitable
 spray+ app>atus4  #e4 ,pyre?rum1 "o    
ounce to f\r gallons ( wat]2 or1 bett]  
/ill1 mix$ "o "p ) ab\t tw5ty p>ts (    
fl\r & appli$ :ile ! dew is on1 is an   
effectual rem$y4  #f4 ,hot wat]1 at #acj
 deg4 ,fah41 w kill ! cabbage worms & n 
injure ! leaves4 ,boil+ wat]1 plac$ 9   
spr9kl+ cans & tak5 directly to ! field1
 w be ab\t ! "r temp]ature by ! "t x c  
be appli$4 ,exp]im5ts ) a few plants may
 be ne$$ to enable "o to get j ! "r     

temp]ature to kill ! worms & n injure ! 
plants4  #g4 ,take half a p\nd ( ,london
 purple to ?irty p\nds ( f9ely pulv]iz$ 
du/ ( any k9d1 ! f9] & dri] ! bett]2 mix
 ?or\ghly1 pass+ all ?r\gh a meal sieve4
 ,da% a small p9* into ! he>t ( ! plant1
 s t x w settle z du/ on all ! leaves4  
,repeat aft] e ra94 ,half a p\nd w s]ve 
= "o application ov] =ty acres4 ,/ore   
any t rema9s 9 a v dry place until aga9 
want$4  #h4 ,pr(essor ,gillette1 (      
,colorado1 f9ds ! be/ rem$y to be ,p>is 
gre51 ?or\ghly mix$1 "o ounce ) six     
p\nds ( fl\r1 & du/$ lightly ov] !      
plants :ile ! dew is on4   ,,fungus     
,,diseases4  ,!re are sev]al p>asitic   
fungi :i* are m or less de/ructive to ! 
caulifl[] at diff]5t /ages ( its gr[?4  
,! pr9cipal diseases ( ! caulifl[] due  
to fungi are ! foll[+3  ,,/em           
,,rot4--,?is is an old disease1 :i*     
attacks ! caulifl[]1 cabbage & o!r      
vegetables 9 wet seasons4 ,x has receiv$
 v>i\s o!r names1 su* z consumption1    
humid gangr5e1 etc4 ,pr(essor ,comes1,b 

:o has /udi$ ?is disease 9 ,italy1      
believes x to be ! same z ! humid       
gangr5e :i* occurs 9 ,g]many1 & :i* is  
!re attribut$ to ! p>asitic attack ( !  
fungus kn[n z ,pleospora ,napi4 ,he f9ds
 ?is & o!r fungi pres5t1 b does n       
himself consid] !m ! direct cause ( !   
disease1 :i* he attributes solely to !  
abundance ( manure & moi/ure 9 ! soil1 &
 an excess ( wat] 9 ! plant1 at a "t :5 
x is subject to sudd5 *anges (          
temp]ature4 ,beyond a d\bt1 h[ev]1 !    
real cause ( ! disease is ! pres5ce ( "o
 or m fungi1 ^: developm5t is favor$ by 
! damp wea!r4 ,! subject requires fur!r 
/udy4  ,9 ?is c\ntry ?is disease has be5
 report$ f ,mi*igan1 ,new ,york1 ,m>yl& 
& ,florida4 ,on ,long ,isl&1 9 #ahhi1;,c
 ! caulifl[] crop 0 almo/ entirely      
de/roy$ by ?is disease1 :i* 0 attribut$ 
to ! heavy ra9s at ! "t ! plants 7      
head+4 ,"s fields 7 a total loss1 & f ! 
be/ fields _m ( ! heads spoil$ be=e !y  
rea*$ ! m>ket4  ,no satisfactory rem$y  
is kn[n = ! disease4 ,! avoidance ( damp

 soils & locations w\ld be ( "s b5efit1 
b is h>dly practicable ) ! caulifl[]4   
,wide plant+ is practic$ on ,long ,isl& 
9 ord] to dim9i% ! t5d5cy to ! disease4 
,x und\bt$ly has ?is effect to "s ext5t1
 by p]mitt+ a m free circulation ( !    
air1 ?us dry+ up ! moi/ure on ! plants &
 !reby less5+ ! opportunity = !         
g]m9ation ( ! spores4 ,! increas$       
di/ance may also dim9i% ! *ance ( !     
spread ( ! spores f plant to plant4 ,:5 
?is disease appe>s ^u ! e>ly crop 9     
hot-b$s or cold frames x may be kept    
some:at 9 *eck by giv+ z mu* air z      
possible1 & tak+ c>e n to apply wat] to 
! leaves4  ,,damp+ ,,(f4--,?is is       
usually due to a species ( ,py?ium 7a   
fungus closely relat$ to t :i* causes ! 
potato rot71 :i* attacks ! "y plants    
soon aft] !y g]m9ate4 ,! rem$y is1 to   
give ! plants pl5ty ( air until _! /ems 
become /rong en\gh to resi/ its attacks4
 ,an additional precaution sometimes    
employ$ is to gr[ ! plants 9 pans or    
small boxes & wat] !m only by sett+ ^! 9

 a tank ( wat] ( ne>ly ! same dep?1     
all[+ ! wat] to soak into ! soil1 b n   
t\* ! plants4 ,! disease is seldom      
tr\blesome on plants gr[n ?9ly 9 ! op5  
air4 ,if x makes its appe>ance1 wat]    
?or\ghly1 b n too (t51 & spr9kle dry s& 
ov] ! se$-b$ among ! plants4,d  ,,black 
,,leg ,,or ,,mildew4--,?is is a disease 
:i* attacks ! /ems ( "y plants :i* are  
be+ w9t]$ ov]4 ,x is und\bt$ly due to "o
 or m species ( p>asitic fungi1 b ,i d n
 f9d t ! subject has be5 /udi$4         
,d\btless ! rupture ( ! b>k by alt]nate 
freez+ & ?aw+ gives ! fungi an          
opportunity to attack ! plant4 ,!       
disease is prev5t$ & kept 9 *eck by     
keep+ ! se$-b$ dry4 ,an occasional      
dress+ ( s&1 lime1 wood-a%es or rubbi% (
 any k9d1 is useful4  ,,footnotes3  ,b  
,bull4 ,soc4 ,bot4 ,france1 #ahhf 7,rev4
 ,bib41 p4 #abh74 ,la cancr5a del       
,cavolo ,fiore 7,la gangr5e humide du   
,*\-fleur7 p> ,m4 le ,pr(essor ,o4      
,comes 7,atti del ,r4 ,in/ituto del     
incorraggiam5to alle ,sci5zie           

naturali4--,e/ratta dal ,vol4 ,,iv1 #c;a
 s]ie1 degli ,atti ,academici1 #ahhe74  
,! ,humid ,gangr5e ( ! ,caulifl[]4  ,a  
disease :i* attacks ! crops ( caulifl[] 
ar\nd ,res9a & at ,torre del ,greco1 ne>
 ,naples4 ,! roots ( ! diseas$ plants   
rema9 s\nd1 or at lea/ appe> s1 b !     
subt]ranean p>ts ( ! /em are m or less  
s]i\sly affect$2 ! b>k is disorganiz$1 !
 wood situat$ b5ea? x m or less         
decompos$1 & ! pi? de/roy$ = a v>iable  
l5g?4 ,^u microscopic exam9ation !      
vessels are f\nd fill$ ) gum4 ,m4 ,comes
 recognizes 9 ?is disease all ! symptoms
 ( ! affection :i* has be5 designat$ "u 
! "n humid gangr5e4 ,he ?9ks t x is !   
same disease :i*1 by ,g]man au?ors1 is  
attribut$ to ! p>asitism ( ,pleospora   
,napi1 ,fuckel1 or to its conidif]\s =m1
 sporidesmium excitosum1 ,kuehn4 ,b he  
consid]s ! pres5ce ( ^! p>asites z an   
accessory ph5om5on1 z well z t (        
,cladosporium & ,macrosporium           
,brassicae4 ,9 8 op9ion ! true cause ( !
 alt]ation ( ! caulifl[] is ! humid     

gangr5e1 t is to say1 a gummy deg5]ation
 & putrid f]m5tation ( ! tissues1 caus$ 
by ! abundance ( manure 9 ! soil & !    
excess ( wat] 9 ! plant at a "t :5 x is 
subject to sudd5 *anges ( temp]ature4   
,?is disease is n conf9$ to caulifl[]s2 
x is common 9 all g>d5 vegetables1 & is 
( ! same nature z t :i* attacks tomatoes
 & :i* 0 describ$ by ?is au?or 9 ! same 
j\rnal 9 #ahhd4 ,?is disease is also    
m5tion$ by ,victor ,paquet1 9 8 ,plantes
 ,potag]s 7,london1 #ahdf1 p4 #bdc71 :]e
 x is attribut$ to /agnant moi/ure4  ,c 
,c\ntry ,g5tleman1 #ahhi1 p4 #gfi1 7f ! 
,port ,jeff]son ,times1 ,sept4 #bg73    
,close ^u ! heels ( a p>tial failure ( !
 potato crop ?r\gh rott+ comes ! news f 
v>i\s po9ts on ,ea/]n ,long ,isl& t !   
caulifl[] crop has almo/ totally fail$  
?r\gh ! same cause4 ,9 ,manorville !    
crop has n suffici5tly develop$ 9 "s ( !
 fields to w>rant pick+1 & 9 ,mattituck 
& ea/ ( t place ! rott+ w result 9 an   
almo/ total loss4 ,9 a few cases !re is 
n yet any indication ( rot1 b ! f>m]s   

are afraid to tie ! plants up le/ rott+ 
ensue4  ,9 ,ea/ ,mori*es1 ,ori5t1 & !   
ne> vic9ity1 ! yield w n be ( suffici5t 
value to pay = pl[+ ! gr\nd1 n to speak 
( ! o!r exp5ses :i* h be5 entail$4      
,?r\gh ! ,hamptons c>eful obs]vations   
fail$ to reveal sc>cely a s+le          
successful crop4  ,la/ ,saturday ,h5ry  
,t4 ,osborn1 ( ,ea/ ,mori*es1 ti$ up    
#b1jjj heads & on ,monday he cut en\gh  
to fill #cj b>rels4 ,he let !m lie 9 8  
b>n ov] night1 & ! next day n a b>rel ( 
!m 0 fit = %ipm5t to m>ket4  ,george    
,coop]1 ( ,mattituck1 plant$ sev5 acres 
( caulifl[] :i* he ?9ks w prove a total 
loss4 ,& s on ! reports come f _m ,ea/  
,end f>m]s4 ,! rec5t heavy ra9s are     
g5]ally assign$ z ! cause ( ! failure4  
,d ,a s]ies ( articles ^u damp+ (f may  
be f\nd 9 ! ,am]ican ,g>d5 = #ahhi1 pp4 
#cdg-i4     ,,*apt] ,,vii4  ,,caulifl[] 
,,se$4   ,) no vegetable is x m         
important to h good se$ ?an ) !         
caulifl[]1 & 9 none is !re a great]     
t5d5cy to det]iorate4 ,on ?is acc\nt    

less dep5d5ce is to be plac$ ^u nam$    
v>ieties ?an 9 "s o!r cultivat$ plants1 
& great] ne$ is requir$ to secure       
c>efully select$ /ra9s4 ,ow+ to         
peculi>ities ( soil1 climate & season1 &
 ! diff]5t degrees ( c>e giv5 by !      
diff]5t gr[]s1 se$s ( ! same v>iety may 
be bett] f "o s\rce ?an f ano!r4 ,on ?is
 acc\nt1 :5 a v>iety is f\nd adapt$ to  
"o's ne$s x is well to use ! same       
v>iety1 & obta9 x f ! same s\rce ye>    
aft] ye>4  ,caulifl[] se$ is mo/ly gr[n 
9 ,europe1 *iefly 9 ,holl& & ,g]many1 to
 "s ext5t 9 ,italy & ,france1 & less 9  
,engl&4 ,"o v>iety1 ! ,l>ge ,asiatic1   
se$s abundantly 9 ,nor!rn ,india4 ,!re  
are a few localities :]e ! se$ is       
successfully gr[n 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates4  ,9
 ,europe ! dw>f e>ly v>ieties are *iefly
 gr[n 9 ! nor?1 & ! l>ge late v>ieties  
at ! s\?4 ,9 ! s\? ! se$ is mo/ easily  
gr[n1 & s\!rn se$ br+s ! l[e/ price4    
,mc,intosh /ates t caulifl[] se$ seldom 
rip5s 9 ,scotl&4 ,9 ,engl&1 z ,i h said1
 x is gr[n to a limit$ ext5t1 b n s mu* 

z t ( broccoli4 ,! se$ plants are !re   
select$ 9 ,june1 at ! "t ( head+1 &     
all[$ to /& until ! se$ matures4 ,mr4   
,dean /ates t 8 ,e>ly ,sn[ball produces 
9 w>m1 e>ly seasons bett] se$ 9 ,engl&  
?an any:]e else4 ,l\don1 9 8            
,encyclopa$ia ( ,g>d5+ 7#e? ,ed41 #ahbg7
 quotes ,neill1 z say+ t ,until ! "t ( !
 ,fr5* ,revolution1 quantities ( ,engli%
 caulifl[] 7 regul>ly s5t to ,holl& & ! 
l[ c\ntries1 & ev5 ,france dep5d$ on u =
 caulifl[] se$4 ,ev5 n[ ,engli% se$ is  
pref]r$ to any o!r4  ,a lat] ,engli%    
writ] /ates t ! ,engli% pref] ,dut* se$ 
& ! ,dut* ,engli% se$4  ,mo/ ( ! se$ n[ 
us$ 9 ,engl&1 z well z ne>ly all ( t    
sold 9 ?is c\ntry comes f ,holl&1       
,france & ,g]many4 ,! climate1          
especially ( ,holl& & ,nor? ,g]many1 is 
p>ticul>ly favorable = ! production (   
f9e /ra9s ( se$1 especially ( ! dw>f    
e>ly v>ieties4  ,mc,intosh 7,book ( !   
,g>d51 #ahee1 ,vol4 ,,ii1 p4 #aaf7 says3
 ,our be/ caulifl[] se$ is import$ f    
,holl&1 & = its quality we h mu* great] 

reason to ?ank ! bett] climate ?an !    
gr[]s1 :o are n ov] p>ticul> 9 ! matt]1 
z ,dut* caulifl[] se$ is sure to sell4  
,! ,m$it]ranean v>ieties are g5]ally    
l>ge1 & require = ! mo/ "p too long a   
season to be popul> & successful 9 ?is  
c\ntry4 ,z dw>f v>ieties h be5 produc$1 
! cultivation ( ?is vegetable 9 ,europe 
has ext5d$ f>!r nor?4 ,z already /at$1  
:5 ! caulifl[] 0 fir/ cultivat$ 9       
,france ! isl& ( ,cyprus 0 ! only place 
:]e x 0 kn[n to se$1 & = a "t ! plant 0 
kn[n 9 ,engl& "u ! "n ( ,cyprus         
,colewort4  ,al?\gh mo/ ( ! se$ us$ 9 ! 
,unit$ ,/ates is /ill import$1 ,am]ican 
gr[n se$ appe>s to give good            
satisfaction & is mod]ate 9 price4      
,pr(essor ,w4 ,j4 ,gre51 ( ! ,ohio      
exp]im5t /ation1 :o te/$ ,puget ,s\nd   
se$ 9 #ahhi1 report$ z foll[s3 ,! mo/   
rem>kable examples ( ! sup]iority (     
,nor!rn gr[n se$ are f\nd 9 ! ,puget    
,s\nd cabbage & caulifl[] se$1 :i* %[   
great vitality & consequ5t vigor 9 gr[? 
( plant4 ,we h receiv$ num]\s samples   

gr[n 9 t region by ,h4 ,a4 ,m>* & ,a4   
,g4 ,till+ha/1 bro!r ( ,isaac ,till+ha/1
 ! se$sman4 ,^! se$s 7 v l>ge1 full (   
vitality1 & ! plants uncommonly vigor\s4
 ,at transplant+ "t ! plants 7 ne>ly    
twice ! height ( o!rs ( ! same v>iety1  
:ile ! diff]5ce 9 color 0 v m>k$4 ,?is  
robu/ habit cont9u$ to manife/ itself   
dur+ a great] "p ( ! season1 b z        
maturity approa*$1 ! v>iation 0 less &  
less m>k$1 until at la/ ! o!rs _h caught
 up1 & !re 0 no p]ceptible diff]5ce4 ,no
 *ange 9 "t ( maturity or habit ( gr[? 0
 notic$4  ,mr4 ,brill1 ( ,long ,isl&1   
/ates t to secure se$ !re x is be/ to   
w9t] ov] ! p>tially head$ plants 9 a    
cold frame or cell>1 & set !m out e>ly 9
 ! spr+4 ,! summ]s are s w>m !re1 h[ev]1
 t except 9 p>ticul>ly favorable seasons
 b little se$ =ms4 ,sev]al excell5t e>ly
 v>ieties h orig9at$ on ,long ,isl&1 &  
!re is reason to believe t hot1         
*angeable climates1 ?\gh unpr(itable = !
 gr[+ ( se$1 are p>ticul>ly favorable = 
! production & ma9t5ance ( e>ly sorts   

able to head 9 hot wea!r4  ,x is p]haps 
= ?is reason t ,engl&1 ,d5m>k1 & ,c5tral
 ,g]many h produc$ m e>ly v>ieties ?an  
,holl&1 ,france & ,italy4 ,! dry        
calc>e\s soil ( "s p>ts ( ,engl& appe>s 
to be p>ticul>ly favorable to !         
production ( e>ly v>ieties4  ,9 !       
vic9ity ( ,bo/on1 caulifl[] se$ has be5 
gr[n to "s ext5t1 especially ! v>iety   
kn[n z ,bo/on ,m>ket1 :i* 0 =m]ly v     
popul> !re4 ,james ,j4 ,h4 ,gregory     
writes me "u date ( ,m>* #c;d1 #ahia1 t 
he rais$ #fj p\nds ( se$ ( ! ,bo/on     
,m>ket f #ejj plants1 :]e f ! same numb]
 ( plants ( ! ,sn[ball & ,extra ,e>ly   
,erfurt1 gr[n "u precisely ! same       
conditions1 he obta9$ less ?an a great  
spoonful4 ,! se$ 0 rais$ on an isl& us$ 
expressly = t purpose4  ,x is a cu/om 9 
,engl& & ,holl&1 :]e ! season is too    
%ort = ! se$ to rip5 p]fectly1 to dim9i%
 ! numb] ( se$-/alks on a plant by cutt+
 out ! c5tre ( ! head4 ,! fl[]-/alks    
require to be support$ by /akes1 & :5 ! 
se$ is ne>ly mature1 to be gu>d$ f      

birds4 ,a pla/] cat is recomm5d$ z a    
good sc>e-cr[1 especially if its        
position is *ang$ e few days1 s t !     
birds w cont9ue to ?9k t x is alive4    
,caulifl[] se$1 z is well kn[n1 is      
small] & inf]ior 9 appe>ance to cabbage 
se$1 & always conta9s a consid]able     
proportion1 :i* is %runk5 & wor?less4   
,?is poor se$ is remov$ f ! crop z mu* z
 possible be=e x is sold4 ,?is %runk5   
condition arises f ! fact t a l>ge %>e (
 ! fl[]s fail to set1 & _m ( ! pods only
 p>tly fill4 ,%runk5 se$ is no          
indication ( inf]iority ( v>iety1 9 fact
 r o!rwise1 = ! mo/ compact heads1 be+ !
 mo/ de=m$ f a /ructural po9t ( view1   
give ! lea/ am\nt ( good se$4 ,/ill1 x  
is n necess>ily true t ! highe/ pric$   
se$ is always ! be/ & mo/ economical to 
use4 ,a new v>iety1 until x becomes well
 e/abli%$1 requires rigid selection1 &  
?is s r$uces ! am\nt produc$ t a high   
price c be obta9$ = all t is gr[n4 ,an  
old] v>iety1 on ! o!r h&1 :i* has become
 s well e/abli%$1 & comes s true t ne>ly

 e head is p]fect & w furni% good se$1 c
 be suppli$ at a *eap] rate & may = a   
giv5 purpose be equally good4 ,z a rule 
x may be said t ! newe/ & highe/ pric$  
se$s are too exp5sive to use on a l>ge  
scale1 & ! *eape/ se$s are inf]ior 9    
quality4 ,"o %\ld n judge ( ! value ( a 
v>iety :olly by ! price at :i* its se$  
is sold4 ,mo/ ( ! high pric$ v>ieties   
are dw>f k9ds1 :i* are becom+ m & m     
popul> 9 ?is c\ntry1 b :i* produce      
comp>atively little se$4  ,our v>ieties 
( caulifl[]s h all be5 develop$ by means
 ( selection4 ,desirable features h ei!r
 be5 acquir$ by gradual selection ?r\gh 
successive g5]ations 9 a giv5 locality2 
or "s sudd5 v>iation has be5 pres]v$ &  
p]petuat$4 ,climate1 z already /at$1 has
 _h mu* to d 9 develop+ c]ta9           
peculi>ities4 ,! v>ieties ( ,italy1     
,france1 ,holl& & ,g]many h 9 ea* case  
c]ta9 features common among !mselves :i*
 c only be acc\nt$ = by ! influ5ce ( !  
p>ticul> climate 9 :i* !y are gr[n4 ,x  
is1 !re=e1 useless to attempt to ma9ta9 

^! *>act]s :olly un*ang$ 9 o!r climates4
 ,h>d9ess1 e>l9ess1 c]ta9ty ( head+1    
protection ( ! head by leaves1 &        
%ortness ( /em1 c all be increas$ by    
selection1 b1 z !y are all likewise     
influ5c$ by climate1 ! selection is m   
effective 9 "s climates ?an 9 o!rs4 ,!  
v>ieties ( ! s\? ( ,europe are z a :ole 
*>act]iz$ by a long p]iod ( gr[?1 tall  
/ems1 great vigor & h>d9ess1 & by hav+ !
 leaves incl9$ to gr[ upright & protect 
! head4  ,! caulifl[] crosses readily ) 
! cabbage & o!r v>ieties & species ( !  
g5us ,brassica4 ,x does n usually fl[]  
at ! same "t1 h[ev]1 z o!r memb]s ( !   
g5us1 s ! difficulty is n usually great 
9 keep+ x pure4  ,9 ,france ! caulifl[] 
has be5 cross$ artificially ) cabbage1  
turnip & rutabaga1 9 ! attempt to obta9 
v>ieties ( great] h>d9ess4 ,num]\s      
peculi> =ms 7 ! result ( ^! crosses1 "s 
( :i* 7 good caulifl[]s1 said to be (   
increas$ h>d9ess1 b none ( !m h f\nd _! 
way into g5]al cultivation4 ,"o ( ^!1   
ow+ to a cross ) ! turnip1 acquir$ !    

flavor ( t vegetable4 ,a full acc\nt (  
^! crosses may be f\nd 9 ! ,revue       
,horticole = #ahhj4  ,! foll[+ rem>ks1  
by ,mr4 ,a4 ,dean1 ( ,engl&1 on a case (
 app>5t cross+ 9 ! cabbage tribe w be   
read ) int]e/3  ,a v pretty             
conical-head$ plant ( a ,colewort 0     
all[$ to run to se$1 b no?+ else ( !    
same family 0 kn[n to be 9 fl[] = a     
di/ance ( at lea/ sev]al hundr$ y>ds4 ,!
 produce 0 sav$ & s[n1 & has be5 furni%+
 food = ! table dur+ ! pa/ w9t]1 b :at a
 prog5y6 ,"s 7 reproductions ( ! se$    
p>5t1 b l>g]1 & prov$ v h&some e>ly     
cabbages2 o!rs 7 v fair ,coleworts2 o!rs
 bad examples ( ,cottag]'s ,purple      
,kale1 o!rs ,gre5 ,kale1 :ile o!rs      
resembl$ spr\t+ ,broccoli1 bo? gre5 &   
purple4 ,"o plant 0 an example ( ! once 
popul> ,dalmany spr\ts1 & !re 7 _m o!r  
plants t admitt$ ( no classification4 ,x
 is probable t bees1 :i* travel long    
di/ances1 _h some:]e f\nd "s spr\t+ 9   
,broccoli fl[] & _h br\ght poll5 f ^? to
 ! ,colewort plant 9 "q4  ,spontane\s   

v>iation has giv5 a numb] ( curi\s =ms (
 caulifl[]1 includ+ "o ) sev]al heads 9 
! place ( "o1 & ano!r 9 :i* ! head is   
flatt5$ sidewise1 l ! g>d5 cockscomb4   
,^! =ms h n be5 cultivat$4  ,caulifl[]  
se$ conta9s on an av]age ab\t #g1jjj    
se$s to ! ounce1 ( :i* ab\t "o-half     
usually g]m9ate1 a mu* small] p] c5t4   
?an 9 cabbage4 ,long ,isl& gr[]s e/imate
 two ounces ( se$ to ! acre z a safe    
am\nt = ! small v>ieties & an ounce & a 
half = ! late v>ieties4  ,x 0 =m]ly a   
common belief1 especially 9 ,engl&1 t   
old se$ w\ld be mo/ likely to produce   
good heads4 ,!re is little evid5ce to   
support ?is belief1 & j z little gr\nd =
 ! m rec5t belief held by "s t old se$  
is p>ticul>ly liable to produce loose   
wor?less heads4 ,l all o!r se$ caulifl[]
 se$ ought to be z fre% z possible2 fre%
 se$ always g]m9ates be/ & gives ! mo/  
vigor\s plants4 ,se$ two or ?ree ye>s   
old1 h[ev]1 is g5]ally satisfactory1 & x
 w (t5 gr[ successfully at d\ble t age4 
,,caulifl[] ,,se$ ,,gr[+ ,,on ,,puget   

,,s\nd4  ,by ,h4 ,a4 ,m>*1 ,fidalgo     
,isl&1 ,puget ,s\nd1 ,wa%+ton1 9 ,rural 
,new ,york]1 #ahhh4  ,i am told by v    
good au?ority t caulifl[] se$s _h nev]  
be5 gr[n 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates z a field    
crop to any ext5t until we made a       
success ( x "h on ,puget ,s\nd4 ,9 !    
fir/ place a v cool1 moi/ climate is    
necess>y to cure secure se$s at all4 ,t 
climate we h "h on our l[ flat isl&s ly+
 9 ! m\? ( ! ,gulf ( ,georgia4 ,we (t5 h
 heavy fogs 9 ! night1 & always dews    
equal to a light %[] e night all summ]  
long4 ,! fir/ exp5se att5d+ ! rais+ (   
caulifl[] se$ is q heavy4 ,! soil mu/ be
 a ri*1 w>m loam fac+ ! s\?1 & x w be   
all ! bett] = hav+ a clay subsoil4 ,we  
mu/ h ! l& und]dra9$ once 9 tw5ty feet1 
! dra9s be+ ?ree feet deep1 to give u a 
*ance to "w e>ly 9 ! spr+1 & also to    
take (f ! surplus wat] :5 we come to    
flood ! l& 9 ,july4  ,to prep>e ! l& = !
 crop we />t 9 ,septemb]4 ,aft] ! fall  
ra9s h s(t5$ ! soil1 pl[1 h>r[1 roll1   
h>r[ aga91 !n repl[ & "w x aga91 until !

 soil is z f9e z an onion b$4 ,n[ we ?r[
 x into ridges1 six feet ap>t1 & x is   
ready = "w 9 e>ly spr+4 ,= manure we s[ 
#b1jjj p\nds ( sup]phosphate & gr\nd    
,sitka h]r+1 equal p>ts ( ea*1 to !     
acre4 ,) two horses & a ,planet1 ,jr41  
cultivator we "w ! ridges until !y are  
ne>ly level4 ,by us+ two horses we      
/raddle ! ridge1 & save tramp+ x :]e our
 plants are to g4  ,to get ! plants1 we 
s[ ! se$s ab\t ,septemb] #a1 9 r poor   
soil1 giv+ !m pl5ty ( room2 ! r[s be+ a 
foot ap>t & ! se$s s[n ?9ly 9 ! r[s4    
,?is gives u /ocky & h>dy plants1 :i*1  
we ?9k1 are less liable to damp (f :5   
transplant$4 ,ab\t ,novemb] #a we       
transplant ! plants into cold frames1   
six in*es ap>t ea* way1 z we wi% to keep
 !m gr[+ a little all w9t]4 ,! glasses  
are kept on at night & ?r\gh heavy ra9s4
 ,9 case ( a cold snap1 we cov] !       
glasses ) mats2 b t is n (t5 necess>y1 =
 we seldom h a temp]ature cold] ?an #af 
deg4 above z]o4 ,ev]y?+ dep5ds on good  
plants & an e>ly />t 9 ! spr+1 = we     

raise two crops ! same season1 & an e>ly
 fro/ on our unripe se$ is sure to ru9 !
 crop4 ,n[1 to set ! plants out & make  
!m gr[ f ! />t1 a l9e is /ret*$ along "o
 ( ^! flat ridges1 a boy goes along1 & )
 a ?ree-foot m>k] m>ks ! spots = !      
plants2 a man foll[s ) a hoe & makes a  
hole1 ab\t ! size ( a qu>t di%1 to      
receive ea* plant4 ,dur+ ! w9t] we h    
ga!r$ up #bjj or #cjj tomato & oy/]     
cans1 melt$ (f ! tops & bottoms1 leav+  
tubes ab\t five in*es long by ?ree or   
f\r across4 ,n[1 arm$ ) a light :eelb>r[
 ) a wood5 tray1 conta9+ f #ej to #ge ( 
^! cans1 we g to ! cold-frame 7hav+ well
 soak$ x ) wat] ! night be=e72 take a c1
 set x "r d[n ov] ! plant2 press ! c    
into ! soil ab\t two in*es1 &1 ) a light
 %ove to "o side1 lift ! plant )\t      
di/urb+ ! roots2 fill our tray & />t = !
 field2 run ! b>r[ betwe5 two r[s & set 
a c & plant 9 ea* ( ! holes j made4 ,a  
boy foll[s ) a wat]+ pot conta9+ w>m    
wat]1 & p\rs a gill into ea* tube1 :i*  
s(t5s ! soil s t ! tubes c be lift$ "r  

out1 leav+ ! plant /&+ 9 ! hole4 ,we    
bru% a little dirt ar\nd ! plant1 & firm
 x ) ! blade ( ! hoe4  ,n[ we h our     
plants set1 & n "o ev] wilts 9 ! hotte/ 
spr+ day4 ,9 two or ?ree days !         
cultivator is />t$ & kept a go+ once a  
week until ! heads beg9 to =m4 ,we      
h&-hoe ?ree or f\r times1 besides fight+
 insects4 ,! cabbage maggot is our wor/ 
enemy4  ,:5 ! fl[]s comm5ce to bloom out
 or =m heads1 is ! mo/ p>ticul> "t4 ,a  
man :o ?or\ghly und]/&s :at a p]fect    
caulifl[] is1 mu/ n[ g ?r\gh ! field e  
two or ?ree days & exam9e e head1 & if  
!re is any sign ( its gr[+ 9 qu>t]s1 or 
if a leaf is gr[+ ?r\gh ! head1 or if   
!re is any loos5ess 9 its gr[?1 ! heads 
are /ak$ & cut = m>ket4 ,=1 z l produces
 l1 x w nev] d to get se$ f an inf]ior  
head1 especially 9 ! case ( caulifl[]s2 
= ! se$s f ^! are m apt to run wild ?an 
any se$ ,i ev] grew4 ,we usually set a  
,fottl] cabbage 9 ! place f :i* ! poor  
plant has be5 cut1 & x makes a f9e head 
by fall4  ,by ! middle ( ,june we h !   

field cle> ( all inf]ior heads1 & _!    
places fill$ ) late cabbages4 ,ab\t ?is 
"t all ! heads sav$ = se$ are 'spong+   
out' prep>+ to ?r[ _! se$-/alks4 ,n[ is 
our "t to help !m4 ,on ! upp] side ( !  
field1 we h wood5 wat] tanks1 ea* hold+ 
ab\t #bj1jjj gallons ( w>m wat]4 ,! wat]
 is run into ! tanks 9 ! middle ( ! day 
?r\gh flat op5 tr\ghs1 :i* heat x up to 
ab\t #gj deg4 ,fah4 ,x is tak5 ?r\gh    
canvas hose ov] ! field1 & ! soil is    
soak$ to ! subsoil4 ,n[ our und]dra9s   
come into play1 = all ( ! surplus wat]  
is dra9$ (f 9 ab\t ?ree days1 & we c />t
 ! cultivator4 ,we cultivate close up to
 ! plants4 ,if we break ! leaves (f x   
doesn't matt]1 = !y fall (f anyway z    
soon z ! se$ /alks />t4 ,?is wat]+ gives
 ! plants new life & !y />t (f = a      
second crop1 or become bi5nials ! fir/  
ye>4 ,! wat]+ & cultivation are kept up 
once 9 #aj days until ! se$-/alks are s 
l>ge t !y _c be run ?r\gh )\t break+ !  
plants4 ,! se$ rip5s f ! middle (       
,septemb] to ! la/ ( ,octob]1 accord+ to

 h[ good a />t 0 made 9 ! spr+4  ,!     
exp5se & tr\ble are n ov] yet4 ,! se$ is
 rip5+ ab\t ! "t our ra9y season sets 91
 & we don't see ! sun once a week on an 
av]age1 s t our se$ mu/ all be dri$ by  
fire heat4 ,our dry-h\ses are #cj x #bj 
feet1 & #ah feet high ) #b x #f in*     
joi/s runn+ across ! h\ses 9 ti]s1 on   
:i* we hang ! se$s = dry+4 ,a brick     
furnace is built 9 ! middle ( ! h\se1 ) 
! flue runn+ ?r\gh ! ro(4  ,we usually  
make ?ree cutt+s4 ,z soon z ! pods on ! 
c5t] /alks beg9 to turn yell[1 & ! se$ a
 light br[n1 we make our fir/ cutt+4 ,f 
"o to ?ree plants are put 9 a pile & ti$
 ) b9d+ tw9e4 ,! bundles are tak5 to !  
dry-h\se on :eelb>r[s1 made ) racks on  
purpose = c>ry+ ! se$s4 ,a clo? is      
spread ov] ! rack to cat* any %ell+     
se$s4 ,a man c>ries ab\t #ajj bun*es at 
a load & passes !m up to a man 9 ! h\se 
:o hangs !m on nails driv5 = ! purpose4 
,! se$ is all[$ to hang a few days to   
?or\ghly rip5 be=e fir+ up4 ,we aim to  
keep ! heat 9 ! top ( ! h\se at ab\t #hj

 deg4 until ! se$ & /alks are dry4  ,!  
bundles are n[ tak5 d[n & laid ^u a clo?
 :]e !y are cru%$ by walk+ on !m4 ,gra9 
sacks are !n fill$ ) ! /alks & pods z   
full z !y w tie up1 & ! cont5ts are     
?ra%$ 9 ! sacks ) a flail4 ,! se$ is !n 
sift$ f ! /alks & tak5 to ! fann+-mill1 
& aft] putt+ x ?r\gh ! mill two or ?ree 
times1 we set ! boys to roll+ x4 ,= ?is 
purpose we h a bo>d two & a half feet   
long by "o foot wide1 ) ?9 /rips nail$  
on ! sides to keep ! se$s f roll+ (f4 ,a
 boy sits d[n on a clo? ) a pan ( se$ by
 8 side1 & holds "o end ( ! bo>d 9 8    
lap1 :ile ! o!r end re/s on ! clo?4 ,he 
puts a h&ful ( se$ on ! top end ( ! bo>d
 & g5tly %akes x4 ,all ( ! s\nd plump   
se$s run (f on to ! clo?1 :ile ! %rivel$
 se$s1 bits ( /alk1 dirt1 we$ se$s1     
etc41 rema9 on ! bo>d4 ,a sm>t ,indian  
boy w clean t5 p\nds a day1 at a co/ (  
#ej c5ts & 8 bo>d4 ,n[ ! se$ is sack$ 9 
d\ble cotton sacks1 hold+ ab\t t5 p\nds 
ea*1 & is ready = m>ket4  ,9 a subsequ5t
 pap] ! same writ] said1 9 answ] to     

inquiries ^u ! subject1 t ! caulifl[] & 
cabbage readily mix$1 b t !re 0 little  
dang] ( _! do+ s 9 8 locality1 z !      
cabbage 0 ne>ly out ( fl[] be=e !       
caulifl[] began to blossom4 ,to make !  
matt] c]ta91 h[ev]1 boys 7 s5t to e     
neighbor+ cabbage pat* to clip (f all   
/raggl+ late blossoms t rema9$4 ,only "o
 v>iety ( caulifl[]1 or /ra9s ( "o      
v>iety1 is gr[n by him = se$ 9 any "o   
ye>4  ,! foll[+ lett] f ! same writ]    
expla9s itself3   ,,fidalgo1 ,wa%+ton1  
,april #c1 #ahia4   ,,mr4 ,a4 ,a4       
,,crozi]1 ,ann ,arbor1 ,mi*4  ,de>      
,sir3--,y\r lett] ( inquiry receiv$4 ,9 
answ] w\ld say1 ,i am ! orig9al         
caulifl[] rais] 9 ! ,puget ,s\nd c\ntry4
 ,9 #ahhb ,i discov]$ t by w9t]+ !      
plants ov] 9 cold-frame1 & keep+ !m gr[+
 all w9t]1 ^? t 7 transplant$ )\t wilt+ 
w\ld =m heads1 & !n ?r[ se$-/alks 9 "t  
to =m se$ be=e fro/1 if !y 7 cont9ually 
wet ) tepid wat] aft] head+4 ,! fir/ se$
 t 0 put on ! m>ket 0 sold by ,francis  
,brill1 ,riv]head1 ,l4 ,i4 ,s9ce !n ,i h

 furni%$ "s ( ! l>ge/ firms 9 ! c\ntry )
 se$1 & ! se$ has giv5 p]fect           
satisfaction4 ,!re is a secret 9 rais+  
good se$ t ,i don't c>e to give away4   
,sev]al ( my neighbors h tri$ to raise !
 se$1 & ,i believe "s ( x has be5 put on
 ! m>ket1 b x has prov$ inf]ior = ! want
 ( skill 9 kn[+ :i* heads to se$ f1 z   
all heads w n d to se$ f1 ev5 ?\gh !y   
may appe> p]fect to an inexp]i5c$ eye4  
,x's skill$ labor t produces ,no4 #a    
se$4  ,i enclose y my circul>1 ) reports
 f gr[]s & deal]s1 also q a few f !     
exp]im5t /ations4 ,i h a l>ge numb] t ,i
 h n pr9t$1 z !y came too late = ?is    
ye>4 ,! bus9ess has gr[n f a few p\nds 9
 #ahhb to ne>ly #cjj p\nds 9 #ahij4 ,i  
?9k 9 ! ne> future1 t ,puget ,s\nd w gr[
 all ( ! caulifl[] se$ t w be gr[n 9 !  
c\ntry4 ,cabbage se$ is also gr[n to a  
l>ge ext5t4 ,i rais$ ab\t two tons la/  
ye>1 & !re probably w be t5 tons rais$  
on ,puget ,s\nd ! com+ summ]4  ,cabbage 
& caulifl[] are gr[n to a consid]able   
ext5t bo? 9 ,oregon & ,wa%+ton1 ?\gh    

,cali=nia s5ds our fir/ to ?is m>ket4   
,y ask me = an acc\nt ( my ,e>ly        
,p]fection or ,no4 #i4 ,x 0 a sport or a
 /ray se$1 f\nd among "s ,erfurt ,e>lie/
 ,dw>f import$ se$1 & be+ ! fir/ 9 !    
field to =m a head by ov] a week1 ,i    
naturally sav$ x = /ock se$1 & z x      
propagat$ itself p]fectly1 & 0 p]fection
 itself1 ,i nam$ x ,e>ly ,p]fection4 ,i 
am n aw>e ( ano!r by ! "n ( ,p]fection  
on ! m>ket--nev] saw x 9 ! se$m5's      
catalogues4 ,e>ly ,padilla & ,e>ly ,long
 ,isl& ,beauty1 by ,brill1 are ! same2  
!y orig9at$ ) me1 are a selection f     
,erfurt ,l>ge1 & are e>ly & l>ge4  ,all 
( ,till+ha/'s ,puget ,s\nd caulifl[] se$
 has be5 gr[n by me4 ,i h also gr[n all 
t ,francis ,brill has put on ! m>ket4   
,d4 ,m4 ,f]ry  ,co4's ,e>ly ,puritan    
orig9at$ ) me1 f a sport ( ,h5d]son's   
,sn[ball4 ,i sold !m ! /ock = two ye>s4 
,y\rs ,truly1   ,h4 ,a4 ,,m>*4          
,,*apt] ,,viii4  ,,v>ieties4   ,!       
v>ieties ( caulifl[] diff] among        
!mselves less ?an ^? ( mo/ o!r          

vegetables1 & _! *>act]s are less firmly
 fix$4 ,_! t5d5cy to deg5]ate1          
especially "u unfavorable conditions1 & 
! read9ess ) :i* !y may be improv$ by   
selection1 has giv5 rise )9 rec5t ye>s  
to num]\s s call$ v>ieties1 "s ( !m b   
slightly diff]+ f ^? f :i* !y orig9at$4 
,^! h frequ5tly receiv$ ! names ( !     
se$sm5 :o fir/ s5t !m out4 ,_m ( ^!     
se$m5's v>ieties h dropp$ out (         
cultivation1 z well z o!r v>ieties :i* h
 appe>$ f "t to "t1 b :i* h n possess$  
suffici5t di/9ctive m]it4 ,"s v>ieties1 
f n hav+ be5 kept up to _! orig9al /&>d1
 h rev]t$ to ^? f :i* !y sprang1 or     
become s l !m t _! names h come to be   
reg>d$ z synonyms4  ,nev]!less1 all su* 
names h be5 br\ght toge!r 9 ! foll[+    
catalogue1 & all ! obta9able in=mation  
giv5 conc]n+ ! v>ieties :i* !y repres5t4
 ,! te/imony giv5 is sometimes          
contradictory1 ei!r f want ( prop]      
obs]vation on ! "p ( ! writ]s quot$1 or 
f diff]5ces 9 ! se$s sold "u ! same "n4 
,?is is necess>ily some:at confus+ to "o

 :o is look+ up ! m]its ( a v>iety1 b x 
w =m a bett] basis = judgm5t ?an w\ld a 
m]e descriptive li/1 )\t ref]5ce to     
dates or au?orities4 ,x is practically  
impossible to make a satisfactory       
classification :i* w include all !      
v>ieties1 & !y h !re=e be5 arrang$ "h 9 
alphabetical ord]1 z be+ mo/ conv5i5t = 
ref]5ce4 ,ne>ly all ( ! mo/ popul>      
v>ieties h1 h[ev]1 *>act]s suffici5tly  
di/9ct s t !y c be easily recogniz$4 ,"s
 h %ort /ems1 o!rs long2 "s are e>ly1   
o!rs late2 "s h upright leaves1 o!rs    
droop+2 _! color v>ies f grassy to blui%
 gre52 ! heads v>y f sn[-:ite to        
cream-color$1 & 9 two or ?ree v>ieties  
class$ ) ! caulifl[]s !y are r$di% or   
purple1 z 9 "s ( ! broccolis4 ,! =m ( ! 
head v>ies f flat to conical4  ,mo/ (   
our v>ieties h come f a few /ocks ^:    
*>act]s1 z well z ^? ( _! desc5dants1   
seem to h be5 l>gely det]m9$ by !       
locality 9 :i* !y orig9at$ or h long be5
 gr[n4 ,! ,algi]s1 ,p>is & ,erfurt gr\ps
 are examples4 ,9 ea* ( ^! gr\ps !re is 

a s]ies ( v>ieties1 diff]+ ma9ly 9 size 
& e>l9ess4 ,9 ! ,erfurt gr\p !          
production ( e>ly v>ieties has be5 c>ri$
 f>!/1 ow+ d\btless to ! "* ( ! climate1
 z well z ! great] skill employ$ 9 _!   
selection4 ,! e>ly v>ieties1 p>ticul>ly 
( ?is gr\p1 are *>act]iz$ by hav+       
comp>atively small1 n>r[ & upright      
leaves1 & a r %ort /em4 ,a p>tial li/ ( 
v>ieties1 arrang$ 9 ! ord] ( e>l9ess1   
foll[s ! catalogue4  ,,advance1 see     
,la+'s ,e>ly ,advance4                  
,,alaba/]4--,introduc$ to ! g5]al public
 by ,johnson ,/okes 9 #ahij4 ,9 _!      
catalogue = t ye> ^! se$sm5 say3 ,our   
,e>ly ,alaba/] 0 orig9ally a sport f !  
f9e/ ,g]man /ra9 ( ! select$ ,dw>f      
,erfurt1 "o extra f9e head appe>+ "s t5 
days 9 advance ( any o!r 9 ! crop ( "o (
 ! l>ge/ & mo/ exp]t caulifl[] gr[]s on 
,long ,isl& 9 #ahha4 ,! se$ ( ?is 0     
c>efully sav$ by him1 & f x our /ock has
 be5 br\ght up4  ,! se$ ( ?is v>iety has
 all be5 gr[n on ,long ,isl&1 & x 0 all 
tak5 by ,long ,isl& g>d5]s until #ahhi1 

at :i* "t !re 7 said to be hundr$s (    
acres ( x 9 cultivation 9 ,suffolk      
,c\nty1 :]e x orig9at$4 ,see            
,frontispiece4  ,,algi]s1 7,probably    
includes ,l>ge ,algi]s & ,l>ge ,late    
,algi]s74--,vilmor91 9 #ahhc1 describ$  
,algi]s z foll[s3 ,extremely vigor\s1   
/rong] & bett] develop$ ?an ! ,giant    
,naples1 ,veit*'s ,autumn ,giant2 leaves
 v l>ge1 undulate1 almo/ curly1 ( a v   
deep & reflective glauc\s gre52 /em l>ge
 & /rong1 r tall2 head rem>kably l>ge1  
f9e & :ite4 ,9 habit ( gr[? x approa*es 
! ,half ,e>ly ,p>is1 b 9 "t ( maturity x
 agrees ) ! v>ieties ( ,holl& & ,engl&4 
,x is especially adapt$ to op5-air      
culture 9 a w>m climate4  ,m4 ,may1 (   
,france1 plac$ x 9 #ahhj j be=e ,giant  
,naples 9 maturity1 ) a little %ort] /em
 & little less ample foliage4 ,he said3 
,late1 b ( gigantic size2 leaves l>ge1  
long & num]\s1 ( a glauc\s gre51 &      
surr\nd+ well ! head1 :i* becomes z l>ge
 z ^? ( our native v>ieties1 & is       
sn[-:ite & exce$+ly f9e4 ,specially     

suit$ to w>m climates4 ,9 our c\ntry x  
may be s[n 9 ,septemb]1 & ga!r$ ! foll[+
 ,augu/4  ,rawson1 a se$sman ( ,new     
,york1 said 9 #ahhf3 ,a l>ge & v popul> 
late v>iety1 & "o ( ! v be/ = ! m>ket4  
,?is v>iety is l>gely gr[n = ! ,new     
,york m>ket4 ,x is "o ( ! l>ge/ 9       
cultivation1 & always sure to head4     
,frotz]1 ( ,new ,orleans1 describes x z 
a ,fr5* v>iety ( ! same season z ,l5orm&
 ,%ort-/em1 b a sur] produc]1 hav+ tak5 
! place !re ( o!r second-e>ly k9ds s9ce 
its introduction4 ,at ! ,ohio exp]im5t  
/ation x prov$ unsuit$ to ! climate4 ,a 
writ] 9 ! ,am]ican ,agriculturi/ = #ahhi
 /at$ t ?is v>iety 0 =m]ly l>gely gr[n 9
 ,suffolk ,c\nty1 ,long ,isl&1 b t = !  
pa/ two or ?ree seasons x _h done       
poorly1 & w\ld n be gr[n 9 ! future4    
,its l>ge size requir$ ! plants to be   
set f\r feet ap>t4  ,,alleaume 7,e>ly   
,alleaume1 ,dw>f ,alleaume74--,?is      
v>iety1 orig9at$ by an intellig5t m>ket 
g>d5] ( ,p>is2 01 accord+ to !          
orig9ator1 "o ( ! be/ = cultivation "u  

frames4 ,cultivat$ !re 9 ! op5 gr\nd1 t 
is to say1 s[n 9 ,june & plant$ out 9   
,july1 x has giv5 rem>kably good        
results4 ,x is a little bel[ m$ium      
height1 & has a v %ort /em4 ,its oblong 
leaves are ( a light grayi% gre54 ,!    
head is ( m$ium size1 v :ite1 f9e gra9$1
 ( fir/ quality1 & e>ly4 ,x is a v>iety 
( great promise4 ,?is is ! /atem5t ( !  
editor ( ,revue ,horticole 9 #ahhd4 ,9  
#ahhh1 ,mr4 ,sutton1 ( ,engl&1 calls x a
 di/9ct1 dw>f1 compact1 ,fr5* v>iety1   
hav+ creamy-:ite heads1 & com+ 9 aft]   
,sutton's ,favorite4 ,9 #ahij1 ,vilmor9 
quotes x z a v e>ly dw>f1 %ort-/emm$    
v>iety1 especially good = =c+4  ,9      
#ahhe1 ,w4 ,a4 ,burpee (f]$ an ,extra   
,e>ly ,alleaume1 :i* he describ$ z /em v
 %ort1 leaves long1 entire or v little  
lobat$1 ( a grayi%-gre5 color1 =m+ a    
close protection to ! head1 :i* is l>ge1
 f9e gra9$ & pure :ite4 ,?is is probably
 ! same v>iety z above4  ,,alma         
7,waite's ,alma74--,hackett sells ?is z 
a new ,engli% v>iety ( l>ge size1 firm1 

& surpass+ 9 excell5ce ! ,wal*]54 ,!re  
01 h[ev]1 a v>iety nam$ ,alma1 probably 
! same1 gr[+ at ,p>is 9 #aheg 7see ,j\r4
 ,c5t4 ,soc4 ,hort4 ,france1 #aheg1 p4  
#dbb74 ,9 #ahfe ,waite's ,alma 0        
consid]$ by "s to be m]ely ! ,e>ly      
,london1 & by o!rs to be ! same z       
,wal*]52 at lea/1 se$s ( ^! two v>ieties
 _h be5 s5t out = x4  ,,am]ican4--,se$ (
 a v e>ly v>iety be>+ ?is "n 0 s5t by   
,william ,+ell1 ( ,oswego ,c\nty1 ,new  
,york1 to ! editor ( ! ,c\ntry          
,g5tleman1 9 #ahfa4 ,mr4 ,+ell1 :o nam$ 
! v>iety1 does n /ate :e!r he grew ! se$
 or n4 ,9 #ahhi1 ,bailey's ,annals (    
,horticulture conta9$ ! "n ,am]ican1 )  
,am]ican ,beauty z synonym4  ,,anci5t   
,,l5orm&1 see ,l5orm&4  ,,asiatic 7,e>ly
 ,asiatic1 ,l>ge ,asiatic1 ,l>ge ,late  
,asiatic1 ,dur d',anglet]re74--,^! seem 
to be sub/antially "o v>iety1 ! t]ms    
e>ly & late be+ 9 ?is1 z 9 "s o!r cases1
 appli$ by diff]5t se$sm5 to ! same     
v>iety1 :51 z 9 ?is case1 x is (        
int]m$iate season4 ,s9ce ! introduction 

( su* extremely e>ly sorts z ! ,extra   
,e>ly ,erfurt1 ?is & o!r mid-season     
v>ieties are m (t5 call$ late4 ,!       
,asiatic seems to h orig9at$ f ! ,e>ly  
,london1 ( :i* x is reg>d$ z m]ely a    
/rong] gr[+ & lat] v>iety4 ,! fir/      
m5tion ,i f9d ( x is 9 ,hovey's         
,magaz9e1 9 #ahde1 :]e ,l>ge ,asiatic & 
,wal*]5 are call$ ! two mo/ not$        
v>ieties4 ,9 #ahdi ! same magaz9e /ates 
t x 0 s5t out by ! ,london              
,horticultural ,society4 ,9 #ahej a     
writ] 9 ! ,g>d5]'s ,*ronicle m5tions ?is
 & ,wal*]5 z 8 two favorite v>ieties4 ,9
 #ahed1 ,j4 ,d4 ,br[ne describes !      
,l>ge1 ,late ,asiatic 9 ! report ( !    
,unit$ ,/ates ,dep>tm5t ( ,agriculture z
 l>g] & tall] ?an ,e>ly ,london4  ,9    
#ahee ?is v>iety is m5tion$ 9 ! ,am]ican
 edition ( ,neill's ,g>d5]'s ,companion 
z hav+ rec5tly come mu* into use4 ,z ?is
 edition 0 tak5 f ! f\r? ,ed9burgh      
edition1 ! actual date "h ref]r$ to 0   
probably mu* e>li]4 ,?ree o!r v>ieties1 
sc>cely diff]+ 9 "*1 are m5tion$--!     

,e>ly1 ,late & ,r$di%-/alk$4 ,! ,l>ge   
,asiatic is n[ ext5sively gr[n 9 ,nor!rn
 ,india1 :]e x se$s freely1 b has a %ort
 season1 & is n consid]$ z delicate or  
f9e 9 flavor z ! ord9>y ,engli%         
v>ieties4  ,,autumn ,,giant1 see        
,veit*'s ,autumn ,giant4  ,,baltic      
,,giant4--,9 ,burpee's ,h[ to ,gr[      
,cabbages & ,caulifl[]s 7#ahhh71 ,mr4   
,j4 ,p$]s51 ( ,d5m>k1 gives ! foll[+    
acc\nt ( ?is v>iety3 ,a new v>iety (    
l>ge1 late caulifl[]1 orig9at$ 9 ^!     
nor!rn regions1 & :i* ,i propose to "n  
,baltic ,giant1 is v h>dy1 ( robu/ gr[?1
 & produces v l>ge & solid dazzl+ :ite  
fl[]-heads4 ,a fri5d ( m9e writes f !   
,baltic isl& ( ,bornholm t 9 mild       
seasons he has left ?is spl5did late    
v>iety 9 ! op5 gr\nd z late z ,*ri/mas1 
only protect$ by a leaf or two b5t ov] !
 heads4 ,! v>iety is be+ te/$ 9 ?is     
c\ntry by ,w4 ,a4 ,burpee  ,co4  ,,b]l9 
,,dw>f4--,rawson says3 ,9 e>l9ess1 size 
& quality x resembles ! ,sn[ball4       
,gregory1 9 #ahij1 makes ! same /atem5t4

  ,,be/ ,,( ,,all4--,an e>ly v>iety     
m5tion$ 9 ,g>d5+ ,illu/rat$1 #ahhe1 p4  
#dch4  ,,black ,,sicily 7,l>ge ,black1  
,dw>f ,e>ly ,violet                     
,broccoli74--,vilmor9 says3 ,9 gr[? &   
appe>ance ?is v>iety some:at resembles  
,algi]s4 ,/em r tall1 leaves v l>ge1    
broad & mu* crumpl$1 almo/ curly2 diff]s
 f all o!r caulifl[]s 9 ! color ( its   
head1 :i* is violet1 & ) a gra9 mu*     
co>s] ?an 9 o!r v>ieties1 :ile x is     
suffici5tly close1 solid & l>ge4 ,n v   
late2 always gr[n 9 ! op5 air1 & ready  
to comm5ce cutt+ 9 ,septemb]4 ,m5tion$ 9
 ,bon ,j>d9i]1 9 #ahei1 z "o ( ! ?ree   
pr9cipal ,broccolis1 ) :i* x is g5]ally 
& prop]ly class$4  ,,bo/on ,,m>ket      
7,improv$ ,e>ly ,p>is74--,?is v>iety1   
:i* has n[ gone out ( exi/5ce1 0 =m]ly  
ext5sively cultivat$ ar\nd ,bo/on1 :]e x
 orig9at$ by cont9u$ selection f ! ,e>ly
 ,p>is4 ,9 ! ,am]ican ,j\rnal (         
,horticulture1 = #ahfi1 p4 #ib1 is a    
figure & description4  ,,burpee',s ,,be/
 ,,e>ly4--,an improv$ type ( ,dw>f      

,erfurt1 nam$ & introduc$ by ,w4 ,a4    
,burpee  ,co4 9 #ahhf1 aft]1 z !y say1  
sixte5 ye>s selection by "o gr[]4 ,x is 
said to be ( dw>f1 compact gr[?1 ) a    
%ort /alk1 & l>ge1 solid1 ne>ly globul> 
heads1 v e>ly & c]ta9 to head4  ,! ,d+ee
  ,conrad ,company sell ! same v>iety4  
,at ! ,ohio exp]im5t /ation 9 #ahhi1 ?is
 v>iety 0 reg>d$ z probably ! same z    
,l>ge ,erfurt1 r l>ge1 & a few days lat]
 ?an ,e>ly ,extra ,e>ly ,erfurt1 b q z  
good 9 o!r respects4 ,at ! ,colorado    
/ation1 9 #ahhh1 ,burpee's ,e>lie/ 0    
not$ = its l>ge leaves & :ite1 compact  
heads4 ,x head$ t5 days lat] ?an        
,h5d]son's ,sn[ball4  ,,c>r>a           
,,rock4--,an extra select$ /ra9 (       
,erfurt1 said by ,wm4 ,elliott  ,sons1 (
 ,new ,york1 to be ! e>lie/ & sure/     
v>iety to head4  ,,c>t]',s ,,defiance   
7,e>ly ,defiance74--,gregory consid]s   
?is a f9e v>iety = =c+ or v e>ly use4   
,,c>t]',s ,,dw>f ,,mammo?4--,an e>ly    
v>iety1 com+ 9 j aft] ,c>t]'s ,defiance4
 ,plant dw>f1 head v l>ge1 p]fect 9 =m &

 ( f9e color4  ,,c>t]',s ,,extra ,,e>ly 
,,autumn ,,giant4--,a v>iety said1 9    
#ahhi1 to h l>ge1 close1 :ite heads1 bo?
 fl[] & leaf be+ less co>se ?an ^? (    
,autumn ,giant4  ,,c>t]',s ,,mt4        
,,blanc1 see ,mt4 ,blanc4  ,,*alon      
,,p]fection4 ,a v>iety m5tion$ 9        
,g>d5]'s ,mon?ly1 9 #ahhf4 ,said to be z
 :ite z sn[1 almo/ z smoo? z ivory1 & to
 make good heads 9 soil ( mod]ate       
f]tility4 ,probably ! same z ,e>ly ,dw>f
 ,*alon1 :i* see4  ,,*apel 7,*apel's    
,cream74--,catalogu$ 9 ,bailey's ,annals
 ( ,horticulture1 9 #ahhi4  ,,cl>k',s   
,,*ampion4--,an import$ ,engli% v>iety  
m5tion$ 9 ,vick's ,magaz9e = #ahhg1 p4  
#eb1 z be+ a little lat] ?an ,sn[ball & 
,vick's ,ideal4  ,,cyprus4--,said by    
,wolfn] & ,weisz1 ( ,vi5na1 9 #ahhh1 to 
be a beautiful e>ly sort4 ,x is an old  
,holl& v>iety4  ,,dani%                 
,,sn[ball4--,(f]$ by ,vaughn1 9 #ahia1  
:o says he has te/$ x = two seasons1 &  
f9ds x a good1 extra e>ly sort4         
,,dean',s ,,e>ly ,,sn[ball4--,?is1 !    

olde/1 & = a long "t ! mo/ popul> ( !   
,sn[ball v>ieties1 has n[ be5 displac$ 9
 ?is c\ntry by ,h5d]son's ,sn[ball & o!r
 e>ly sorts4 ,x is (t5 said to be e>li] 
?an ,e>ly ,dw>f ,erfurt1 b at ! ,*iswick
 trials1 9 #ahgf1 x did n prove to be s4
 ,a writ] 9 ! ,g>d51 = #ahhj1 places x  
?ird on ! li/ ( e>ly v>ieties1 plac+    
,c>t]'s ,extra ,e>ly ,defiance fir/1 &  
,veit*'s ,extra ,e>ly second4 ,x appe>s 
to be fully z dw>f z ! e>lie/ ,erfurts1 
& to h a little l>g] head4 ,x has be5   
said1 ev5 by ! introduc]1 to be !       
,engli% duplicate ( ! ,e>ly ,dw>f       
,erfurt1 b !re is no d\bt ( its         
di/9ctness f t v>iety1 z 0 aft]w>ds     
recogniz$4 ,!re 0 ano!r ,g]man v>iety1  
h[ev]1 "n n giv51 at ! ,*iswick trials  
ref]r$ to1 :i* 0 report$ to be id5tical 
) ,dean's ,sn[ball4 ,mr4 ,dean says3 ,! 
,sn[ball may be told by "o unfail+ te/1 
viz43 :5 ! heads beg9 to bur/ into fl[]1
 !y become suffus$ ) a pretty purple    
t9t4  ,?is v>iety 0 introduc$ into      
,engl& 9 #ahga1 by ,mr4 ,a4 ,dean1 f    

,d5m>k1 :]e x 0 l>gely cultivat$4 ,x is 
/ill "o ( ! be/ e>ly v>ieties1          
especially = hot wea!r & light soils4   
,mr4 ,dean /ates t x is ab\t ! only     
v>iety ( :i* se$ c be gr[n 9 ,engl&1 &  
he consid]s ,engli%-gr[n se$ ( ?is      
v>iety ! be/4  ,,dickson',s ,,eclipse1  
see ,eclipse4  ,,dre]',s ,,e>lie/       
,,sn[/orm4--,h5ry ,a4 ,dre]1 9 #ahij1   
says 9 8 catalogue3 ,! e>lie/ & be/ (   
all = =c+4 ,x is dw>f1 ) %ort out]      
leaves1 & c be plant$ two feet ap>t ea* 
way2 always sure to make l>ge1 f9e heads
 e>li] ?an any o!r1 & is ! m>ket-g>d5]'s
 favorite4 ,?is v>iety mu/ be kept gr[+ 
con/antly1 z x w n /& a *eck at any     
p]iod ( its gr[?4 ,9 #ahia1 he writes t 
?is v>iety is a /ra9 ( ,extra ,e>ly     
,erfurt1 ! se$ ( :i* is gr[n at ,erfurt1
 ,g]many4  ,at ! ,new ,york exp]im5t    
/ation1 9 #ahhh1 x produc$ heads fit =  
use eighte5 days lat] ?an ,h5d]son's    
,e>ly ,sn[ball1 & ,e>lie/ ,dw>f ,erfurt4
  ,,dw>f ,,erfurt 7,extra ,e>ly ,erfurt1
 ,e>ly ,dw>f ,erfurt1 ,extra ,e>ly ,dw>f

 ,erfurt74--,^! names all ref] to       
practically ! same v>iety1 :i* is       
usually sold 9 ?is c\ntry "u ! "n (     
,extra ,e>ly ,dw>f ,erfurt1 & is n[ !   
mo/ popul> e>ly v>iety gr[n4 ,x is      
simil> 9 habit to its p>5t1 ! ,e>ly     
,erfurt1 b m dw>f1 & ! leaves small] & m
 upright1 all[+ ! plants to be set clos]
 toge!r4 ,! heads are close & well =m$1 
b d n rema9 solid long1 ow+ l>gely to ! 
hot wea!r 9 :i* !y are g5]ally =m$4 ,!  
be/ se$ comes f ,erfurt1 ,g]many1 b z ! 
v>iety rapidly det]iorates1 !re is great
 diff]5ce betwe5 ! select$ & ord9>y     
/ocks4  ,johnson  ,/okes say1 9 _!      
catalogue = #ahij1 t _! extra select$   
,e>ly ,dw>f ,erfurt is di/9ct f ! ,e>ly 
,dw>f ,erfurt4 ,burpee calls 8 ,extra   
,e>ly ,dw>f ,erfurt ! f9e/ ( all e>ly   
caulifl[]s4 ,he1 z well z "s o!r se$sm51
 sell diff]5t qualities1 extra select$1 
true1 numb]s "o & two1 etc4 ,fr5*-gr[n  
se$ sells = ab\t half ! price ( ,g]man  
se$4  ,at ! ,*iswick trials1 9 #ahgf1   
:]e all kn[n v>ieties 7 gr[n1 ! ,e>ly   

,dw>f ,erfurt prov$ to be ! e>lie/      
v>iety gr[n4 ,x is be/ gr[n z a summ]   
v>iety1 be+ r t5d] = a late crop1 ?\gh  
sometimes us$4  ,m4 ,may1 9 ! ,revue    
,horticole1 = #ahhj1 describes ?is      
v>iety z foll[s3 ,e>ly ,dw>f ,erfurt4 ,v
 e>ly1 ) light-color$1 %ort1 upright1   
spoon-%ap$ leaves1 :i* surr\nd ! head   
well1 b d n cov] x4 ,! head is well     
r\nd$1 v regul>1 ( rem>kable :it5ess1 & 
v f9e & close4 ,x readily atta9s a      
diamet] ( fifte5 to tw5ty c5timet]s ab\t
 five to sev5 in*es4 ,?is v>iety is     
especially adapt$ to =c+1 z its small   
size p]mits x to be readily cultivat$ "u
 glass4 ,! be/ times = s[+ x appe> to be
 at ! beg9n+ ( spr+ & ! end ( summ]4 ,"o
 may also s[ x 9 ,septemb] to obta9 a   
crop 9 ,april & ,may4  ,mr4 ,j4 ,p$]s51 
( ,d5m>k1 speaks z foll[s ( ?is v>iety 9
 ,burpee's "w on ,cabbages &            
,caulifl[]s3 ,! success ) caulifl[]s    
dep5ds greatly ^u ! "r *oice ( v>ieties4
 ,?is ye>1 = in/ance1 we h 9 ?is c\ntry 
suff]$ f dr\? to an ext5t n kn[n ( = !  

la/ score ( ye>s1 & yet ,i h se5 a      
surpris+ly gr& field ( caulifl[]s1 ( an 
improv$ /ra9 ( ! ,e>ly ,dw>f ,erfurt    
v>iety1 gr[n 9 a /iff clayey soil1 v dry
 9 ! surface1 n 9 ! be/ /ate (          
cultivation1 & )\t any artificial wat]+ 
:atev]4 ,! roots ( ! plants 7 'puddl$'  
:5 plant$ out2 t 0 all4 ,i d n believe t
 sev5 p] c5t41 p]haps n five1 ( said    
field ( ?irty or =ty ?\s& plants fail$  
to make f9e1 l>ge1 solid1 beautifully   
:ite & typical heads4 ,o!r v>ieties h   
ei!r utt]ly fail$1 or made /unt$1       
imp]fectly develop$ heads4  ,at ! ,new  
,york exp]im5t /ation1 9 #ahhb1 ! ,extra
 ,e>ly ,dw>f ,erfurt 0 slightly e>li]   
?an ! ,e>ly ,dw>f ,erfurt1 & produc$    
d\ble ! proportion ( good heads4  ,!    
,ohio exp]im5t /ation1 9 #ahhi1 report$ 
z foll[s3 ,! v>ieties or /ra9s mo/      
highly recomm5d$ are ,e>ly ,puritan1    
,e>ly ,padilla1 ,long ,isl& ,beauty1    
,e>ly ,sea ,foam1 ,e>ly ,sn[ball &      
,vick's ,ideal4 ,^! all appe> to be     
ne>ly id5tical ) ,e>ly ,extra ,e>ly     

,erfurt1 & may be consid]$ z /ra9s ( t  
v>iety4  ,z ! ,dw>f1 or ,extra ,e>ly1   
,erfurt has furni%$ a l>ge %>e ( !      
v>ieties n[ popul> 9 ?is c\ntry1 !      
foll[+ li/ ( ,erfurt v>ieties w be      
useful = ref]5ce4 ,! fir/ ?ree are 9 !  
ord] ( e>l9ess2 ! o!rs 7desc5d$ f ,dw>f 
,erfurt17 be+ alphabetical3   ,e>ly     
,erfurt ,mammo?4  ,,e>ly ,,erfurt4      
,dw>f ,erfurt4    ,alaba/] 7,johnson    
,/okes74    ,b]l9 ,dw>f4    ,be/ ,e>ly  
7,burpee74    ,c>r>a ,rock4    ,gilt    
,edge 7,?orburn74    ,ideal 7,vick74    
,imp]ial4    ,lackawanna 7,till+ha/74   
,la ,crosse ,favorite 7,salz]74         
,l&re?'s ,fir/4    ,long ,isl& ,beauty  
7,brill74    ,model 7,nor?rup74         
,padilla 7,till+ha/74    ,prize         
7,maule78    ,puritan 7,f]ry74    ,sea  
,foam 7,rawson74    ,small-,leav$       
,erfurt4    ,sn[ball 7,fau/74           
,sn[ball 7,h5d]son74    ,sn[ball        
7,?orburn74    ,sn[/orm 7,dre]74        
,sn[/orm 7,pe>ce78  ,,e>ly4--,at ! ,new 
,york exp]im5t /ation 9 #ahhh1 a v>iety 

call$ ,e>ly1 f ! ,engli% ,specialty     
,novelty ,se$ ,co41 0 ! only "o among   
n9e v>ieties :i* fail$ to head4 ,! ,e>ly
 ,london ,:ite is sometimes kn[n z      
,e>ly4  ,,e>ly ,,alleaume1 see          
,alleaume4  ,,e>ly ,,defiance 7,sutton71
 see ,c>t]'s ,e>ly ,defiance4  ,,e>ly   
,,duke4--,m5tion$ z "o ( ! be/ f\r e>ly 
v>ieties = ,c5tral ,france 9 ! ,annales 
de la ,societe d' ,horticulture de l'   
,alli] = #aheb4 ,see ,lefevre4  ,,e>ly  
,,dut*4--,an old v>iety1 describ$ by    
,vilmor9 z foll[s3 ,a l>ge h>dy v>iety1 
suitable = field cultivation4 ,/em long 
& r sl5d]2 leaves elongat$1 b v l>ge1 ( 
a grayi% gre51 some:at undulat$4 ,?is is
 "o ( ! v>ieties 9 :i* ! side ( ! leaf  
is b>e at ! base = a consid]able        
di/ance4 ,! head is h>d & solid1 yet v  
l>ge4 ,x is a half-late v>iety4 ,9 its  
orig9al c\ntry x does bett] ?an ! ,fr5* 
v>ieties & x is cultivat$ on a gr& scale
 ar\nd ,leyd54 ,l>ge quantities are     
%ipp$ to ,engl&1 :]e x is f\nd 9 !      
,london m>kets1 toge!r ) caulifl[]s f ! 

coa/s ( ,france1 & especially ,great    
,brita94 ,! "n ,dw>f ,holl&1 :i* is giv5
 to ?is v>iety 9 ,g]many1 c only be     
expla9$ by comp>ison ) o!r ,holl&       
v>ieties4 ,9 comp>ison ) ! ,fr5*        
v>ieties x is tall4  ,,e>ly ,,dw>f      
,,*alon4--,vilmor9 catalogues ?is z new 
9 #ahhi1 & says3 ,/em v %ort1 head r    
l>ge1 gra9 :ite & v close4 ,specially   
recomm5d$ = op5 air culture4 ,see ,*alon
 ,p]fection4  ,,e>ly ,,dw>f ,,=c+       
7,sutton74--,no description4  ,,e>ly    
,,dw>f ,,surprise4--,an e>ly v>iety f   
,vilmor91 :i* head$ well at ! ,new ,york
 exp]im5t /ation1 9 #ahhd4  ,,e>ly      
,,dw>f ,,vi5na4--,said by ,wolfn] &     
,weisz1 ( ,vi5na1 to be an old sup]ior  
sort1 /ill gr[n = ! fir/ & second crop4 
,,e>ly ,,erfurt 7,erfurt1 ,l>ge ,erfurt1
 ,l>ge ,e>ly ,:ite ,erfurt1 ,late       
,erfurt74--,?is is /ill a popul> v>iety1
 b less h>dy & less valuable z a late   
sort ?an ! improv$ v>ieties f ! s\? (   
,europe2 & z an e>ly sort x has be5     
displac$ by its (fspr+1 ! ,extra ,e>ly  

,erfurt1 & ! new] v>ieties d]iv$ f t4 ,!
 heads ( ! ,e>ly ,erfurt are l>ge &     
f9e-gra9$ b m incl9$ to be op5 & leafy  
?an ^? ( ,e>ly ,p>is4 ,x is a little    
e>li] ?an t v>iety4 ,vilmor9 describes !
 ,e>ly ,erfurt z foll[s3 ,v e>ly1       
di/9ct1 & valuable1 b difficult to keep 
pure4 ,bel[ m$ium height2 /em r %ort2   
leaves oblong1 entire1 r\nd$1 & slightly
 undulat$2 ( a peculi> light grayi%     
gre51 :i*1 add$ to _! =m & _! r erect   
position1 gives to ! plant an appe>ance 
some:at resembl+ t ( ! ,sug> ,loaf4     
,head v :ite1 f9e gra9$1 rapidly        
develop$1 b n incl9$ to rema9 long      
solid4  ,! ,bon ,j>d9i] m5tions !       
,erfurt1 9 #ahei1 among ! novelties z ! 
e>lie/ v>iety !n kn[n1 be+ two weeks    
e>li] ?an ,salomon 7,e>ly ,p>is7 & v    
suitable = =c+ on acc\nt ( its /raight1 
upright leaves & e>l9ess4  ,,e>ly       
,,erfurt ,,mammo? 7,new ,erfurt ,dw>f   
,mammo? ,burr1 etc74--,f4 ,burr1 9      
#ahhf1 said3 ,a rec5t sort ) l>ge1 cle> 
:ite fl[]s1 ( sup]ior quality4 ,! plants

 are l[ & close1 & g5]ally =m a head1   
ev5 9 protract$ dry & w>m wea!r4 ,x     
appe>s to be "o ( ! few v>ieties adapt$ 
to ! climate ( ?is c\ntry4 ,?is =m (    
,e>ly ,erfurt has n be5 kept di/9ct4    
,,e>ly ,,favorite4--,a v>iety )\t       
description is sold "u ?is "n by ,a4 ,b4
 ,clevel&  ,co4 ,see also ,haskell's    
,favorite4  ,,e>ly ,,g]man4--,a new     
v>iety adv]tis$ 9 ,engli%               
,catalogues3--7,mag4 ( ,hort41 #ahch1 p4
 #ej74  ,,e>ly ,,la ,,crosse            
,,favorite4--,john ,a4 ,salz] (f]s ?is z
 e>li] ?an ,h5d]son's ,e>ly ,sn[ball1 & 
! e>lie/1 f9e/1 :ite/ & mo/ compact     
gr[n4 ,at ! ,ohio exp]im5t /ation 9     
#ahhi x 0 app>5tly ! same z ! ord9>y    
l>ge ,e>ly ,erfurt4 ,mr4 ,salz] writes  
me t x is a di/9ct type ( 8 own orig9at+
 f ! ,e>ly ,erfurt4  ,,e>ly ,,leyd51 see
 ,wal*]54  ,,e>ly ,,london 7,london     
,p>ticul>1 ,fit*'s ,e>ly ,london1 ,e>ly 
,engli%1 ,l>ge ,late47--,an old sort1   
/ill q popul> 9 bo? ! ,unit$ ,/ates &   
,engl&4 ,vigor\s & h>dy1 ) l>ge1        

abundant1 deep-gre51 undulat$ foliage2  
/em r tall1 b %ort] ?an t ( ,e>ly ,dut*2
 head well =m$ & some:at conical4 ,=m]ly
 ! ma9 v>iety gr[n z an e>ly crop ab\t  
,london1 b !re are n[ v>ieties mu*      
e>li]4  ,vilmor9 reg>ds x ! same z ,e>ly
 ,dut*1 :i* is evid5tly an error4       
,,e>ly ,,london ,,m>ket 7,gregory71 see 
,e>ly ,london4  ,,e>ly ,,london ,,:ite  
7,sutton74--,an e>ly =m ( ,e>ly ,london1
 cultivat$ "s tw5ty ye>s ago1 b n[      
seldom he>d (4  ,,e>ly ,,padilla 7,long 
,isl& ,beauty74--,! ,e>ly ,padilla 0    
nam$ & s5t out by ,till+ha/ 9 #ahhh1 :o 
says t x is a sport f ,h5d]son's        
,sn[ball :i* orig9at$ on "o ( 8 se$ f>ms
 on ,padilla ,bay1 ,puget ,s\nd1 9 !    
,/ate ( ,wa%+ton4 ,mr4 ,h4 ,a4 ,m>*1 (  
,fidalgo1 ,wa%+ton1 :o /ates t he gr[s  
all ( ,till+ha/'s ,puget ,s\nd caulifl[]
 se$1 says t ,e>ly ,padilla orig9at$ )  
him f ! ,l>ge ,erfurt1 & 0 nam$ by him !
 ,am]ican4 ,x 0 publi%$ at fir/ "u ?is  
"n 9 "o ( 8 circul>s4 ,se$ ( ! same 0   
also suppli$ by him to ,francis ,brill1 

( ,long ,isl&1 :o nam$ x & sold x z     
,long ,isl& ,beauty4  ,at ! ,new ,york  
exp]im5t /ation 9 #ahhh1 ! ,e>ly        
,padilla equal$ 9 e>l9ess ,h5d]son's    
,sn[ball1 & 0 slightly surpass$ by      
,extra ,e>ly ,dw>f ,erfurt1 :ile !      
v>iety obta9$ z ,long ,isl& ,beauty 0 ! 
e>lie/ ( ! n9e e>ly v>ieties on trial4  
,at ! ,ohio exp]im5t /ation 9 #ahhi1    
,long ,isl& ,beauty 0 call$ a v p]fect  
/ra9 ( ,e>ly ,extra ,e>ly ,erfurt4      
,gregory said 9 #ahij3 ,( ! ?irte5      
v>ieties ( caulifl[] rais$ 9 my         
exp]im5tal plot 9 #ahhh1 e specim5 ( !  
,long ,isl& ,beauty made f9e heads1 & ! 
heads av]ag$ l>g] ?an any o!r sort4 ,x  
is among ! v e>lie/4444 ,mr4 ,brill     
calls x1 'absolutely & unequivocally !  
be/ caulifl[] 9 ! _w4'  ,,e>ly ,,p>is   
7,t5dre de ,p>is1 ,salomon1 ,petit      
,salomon74--,an excell5t sort1 m l>gely 
gr[n = a fall crop 9 ?is c\ntry 9 ! pa/ 
?an any o!r v>iety4 ,int]m$iate 9 season
 betwe5 half ,e>ly ,p>is & ! new ,extra 
,e>ly ,p>is4 ,z gr[n by ! writ] f se$   

obta9$ = sev]al ye>s ( ,james ,vick1 !  
,e>ly ,p>is 0 lat] ?an ,e>ly ,erfurt1 b 
m c]ta9 to head1 ! heads m globul>1 a   
little small]1 decid$ly light] 9 weight 
?an ^? ( t v>iety1 ( bett] quality1 &   
almo/ entirely free f int]mix$ leaves4  
,s[n ab\t ,may #aj1 & set out ! la/ (   
,june1 mo/ ( ! plants =m$ _! heads dur+ 
,octob]4 ,z a summ] v>iety x produces   
bett] heads ?an ! ,e>ly ,erfurt1 b is   
less incl9$ to head e>ly 9 ! season4    
,describ$ by ,vilmor9 z foll[s3 ,plant  
small1 r tall2 leaves comp>atively n>r[1
 ne>ly /raight1 a little deflex$ at !   
extremity1 & slightly wavy at ! bord]2  
head ( m$ium size1 quickly =m$1 b rema9+
 firm b a %ort "t4 ,?is v>iety is       
p>ticul>ly suitable = ! summ] crop2 s[n 
9 ,april or ,may x heads 9 ,augu/ or    
,septemb]4 ,9 ?is c\ntry1 :5 us$ z a    
fall crop1 no compla9t is made ( ! heads
 n rema9+ firm4 ,s[n 9 ,may 9 ! latitude
 ( ,new ,york x heads 9 ,septemb] &     
,octob]4 ,m4 ,may1 ( ,france1 describes 
?is v>iety z foll[s 9 ! ,revue          

,horticole = #ahhj3 ,an e>ly v>iety gr[n
 by g>d5]s 9 ! outskirts ( ,p>is4 ,x has
 ne>ly ! appe>ance ( ! ,half ,e>ly      
,p>is1 b is small]1 ) a little %ort]    
leaves1 :i* are m n>r[ & upright4 ,x is 
s[n 9 ,septemb]1 & ,w9t]$ ov] "u h&     
glasses on a bank compos$ ( manure f an 
old hot-b$ & expos$ to ! s\?4 ,! crop is
 !n ga!r$ dur+ ,may4 ,x may also be s[n 
9 ,m>* & ga!r$ 9 ,july4  ,victor        
,paquet1 9 8 "w on ,vegetables 7,plantes
 ,potag]s71 publi%$ at ,p>is 9 #ahdf1   
gives a full acc\nt ( caulifl[] culture 
& says3 ,we cultivate two di/9ct        
v>ieties1 t5dre & demi-dur4 ,!          
sub-v>ieties gros & petit ,salomon are  
sorts ( ! t5dre4  ,ri*>d ,frotz]1 ( ,new
 ,orleans1 catalogues ! ,extra ,e>ly & !
 ,half ,e>ly1 b n ! ,e>ly ,p>is4  ,mr4  
,gregory1 ( ,massa*usetts1 /ates t mo/ (
 ! se$ sold 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates z ,e>ly   
,p>is is really ! ,half ,e>ly4 ,9 a     
rec5t lett] he says3 ,! ,e>ly or ,half  
,e>ly ,p>is is n[ ab\t dead1 ! v>i\s    
/ra9s ( ,extra ,e>ly ,erfurt1 su* z     

,sn[ball1 ,sea ,foam1 etc41 hav+ tak+   
its place4 ,d4 ,m4 ,f]ry  ,co4 sell a   
v>iety call$ ,e>ly ,p>is or ,nonp>eil1 !
 latt] "n hav+ be5 fir/ giv5 by ,j4 ,m4 
,?orburn  ,co4 to ! ,half ,e>ly ,p>is4  
,!re is no d\bt1 h[ev]1 ( ! ,e>ly &     
,half ,e>ly ,p>is be+ two v>ieties4 ,!  
=m]1 :i* has s long be5 a favorite 9 !  
,nor!rn ,/ates may /ill be reli$ ^u1    
?\gh 9 _m cases1 z /at$1 x is be+       
displac$ by ! ,extra ,e>ly ,p>is1 &     
p>ticul>ly by ! ,extra ,e>ly ,erfurt &  
v>ieties d]iv$ f x4  ,,e>ly             
,,picpus4--,catalogu$ by ,vilmor9 9     
#ahhi z a new e>ly v>iety ) l>ge :ite   
heads1 good = field culture4  ,,e>ly    
,,puritan4--,a little ! e>lie/ ( f\r    
v>ieties at ! ,new ,york exp]im5t /ation
 9 #ahhi1 ! o!rs be+ ,e>ly ,erfurt1     
,sn[ball1 & ,vick's ,ideal4 ,at ! ,ohio 
/ation ! same ye> x 0 consid]$ to be a  
/ra9 ( ,e>ly ,extra ,e>ly ,erfurt & "o (
 ! be/ ( its class4  ,d4 ,m4 ,f]ry      
,co41 ! introduc]s ( ?is v>iety write me
 z foll[s reg>d+ its hi/ory3 ,! ,puritan

 caulifl[] orig9at$ z ! product ( a     
p>ticul>ly e>ly1 l>ge-head$1 & dw>f-gr[+
 plant f\nd 9 a l>ge crop ( ,sn[ball    
dur+ ! summ] ( #ahhf4 ,! se$ f ?is plant
 0 sav$1 & selections made f ! product  
until a suffici5t quantity 0 secur$4 ,x 
0 fir/ notic$ & select$ by "o ( ! l>ge/ 
caulifl[] gr[]s 9 ?is c\ntry1 & great   
c>e 0 tak5 9 select+ & se$+ ! plant4 ,x 
is purely ,am]ican1 bo? 9 orig9 & gr[?4 
,x appe>s f ! lett] ( ,h4 ,a4 ,m>*1 on  
page #abb1 t ?is v>iety orig9at$ ) him f
 ,h5d]son's ,sn[ball1 at ,fidalgo1      
,wa%+ton4  ,,e>ly ,,sn[ball4--,"u ?is "n
 ,dean's ,e>ly ,sn[ball is g5]ally kn[n 
9 ,engl&1 & ?is is probably ! v>iety (t5
 sold z ,sn[ball 9 ! pa/ 9 ?is c\ntry4  
,h5d]son's ,e>ly ,sn[ball is1 h[ev]1 n[ 
sold "u t "n by _m se$sm51 & is ! "o s5t
 out z ,e>ly ,sn[ball by ! ,unit$ ,/ates
 ,dep>tm5t ( ,agriculture4  ,se$sm5     
sometimes prefix _! own "n1 to ! v>iety 
or /ra9 ( ,sn[ball :i* !y sell4 ,all    
v>ieties be>+ ?is or simil> names are1 s
 f> z kn[n1 ( ! ,dw>f ,erfurt gr\p4     

,,e>ly ,,wal*]51 see ,wal*]54           
,,eclipse4--,! fir/ notice ,i f9d ( ?is 
v>iety is 9 ! ,g>d5]'s ,*ronicle = #ahgg
 7,vol4 ,,viii71 :]e x is m5tion$ z be+ 
s5t out by ,dickson ,br[n  ,tait4 ,x is 
simil> to ,veit*'s ,autumn ,giant1 b    
ab\t ?ree weeks e>li]4 ,x is said to be 
a f9e v>iety1 ) l>ge heads1 well        
protect$ by ! leaves1 & to /& dr\? well4
 ,at ! ,ohio exp]im5t /ation 9 #ahhi1 ! 
heads 7 inv>iably loose & sprangl$4     
,,erfurt1 see ,e>ly ,erfurt4--,! ,erfurt
 v>ieties are *>act]iz$ by light        
pea-gre5 color1 & /iff1 m or less       
upright leaves4  ,,extra ,,e>ly         
,,alleaume1 see ,alleaume4  ,,extra     
,,e>ly ,,dw>f ,,=c+4--,probably ! ,dw>f 
,erfurt4  ,,extra ,,e>ly ,,erfurt1 see  
,dw>f ,erfurt4  ,,extra ,,e>ly          
,,p>is4--,?is v>iety is n describ$ by   
,vilmor9 9 8 ,plantes ,potag]s1 b x is  
probably ! "o giv5 9 8 catalogue "u ! "n
 ( ,extra ,e>lie/ ,p>is 7=c+74 ,x is    
catalogu$ by ! lead+ ,am]ican se$sm5 )\t
 description4  ,,fau/',s ,,e>lie/       

,,sn[ball4--,h4 ,g4 ,fau/  ,co41 say 9  
_! catalogue = #ahij3 ,our ,sn[ball     
caulifl[] is und\bt$ly ! be/ 9          
cultivation4 ,x is ! e>lie/ gr[n1       
produces ! f9e/ sn[-:ite heads1 & its   
compact habit enables x to be plant$    
clos] toge!r ?an any o!r v>iety4        
,,favorite1 see ,e>ly ,la ,crosse       
,favorite1 ,haskel's ,favorite1 & ,e>ly 
,favorite4  ,,frank=t ,,giant1 see      
,veit*'s ,autumn ,giant4  ,,fr5*1 see   
,l>ge ,:ite ,fr5* & ,half ,e>ly ,fr5*4  
,,fr5* ,,imp]ial 7,?orburn71 see        
,imp]ial4  ,,frogmore ,,e>ly ,,=c+4--,an
 old v>iety1 describ$ by ,f4 ,burr1 9   
#ahff1 z foll[s3 ,/em q %ort1 & plant ( 
compact habit4 ,! heads are l>ge &      
close1 & _! color cle> & delicate4      
,recomm5d$ z "o ( ! be/ = =c+1 z well z 
an excell5t sort = e>ly culture4  ,9    
#ahgf1 a writ] 9 ! ,c\ntry ,g5tleman's  
,magaz9e m5tions x z ! e>lie/ v>iety    
gr[n1 to be foll[$ by ,e>ly ,london4 ,x 
is n[1 h[ev]1 b little us$4  ,,g]ry     
,,isl&4--,a v>iety said by ,gregory to  

be a v reliable head]1 closely resembl+ 
,e>ly ,p>is4 ,at ! ,colorado exp]im5t   
/ation1 9 #ahhh1 x fail$ to head4       
,,giant ,,malta4--,said to be a l>ge1   
f9e v>iety1 ) beautiful :ite heads (    
excell5t flavor4 ,?\gh dw>f1 x is late1 
requir+ six mon?s 9 :i* to develop4     
,,giant ,,naples4--,describ$ z synonym\s
 ) ,veit*'s ,autumn ,giant1 by ,vilmor91
 9 #ahhc1 b he n[ catalogues x z a      
sep>ate v>iety1 simil> to ,veit*'s      
,autumn ,giant1 b lat]4 ,x is d\btless !
 orig9al1 ( :i* ! ,autumn ,giant is a   
slightly improv$ =m4 ,m4 ,may said (    
,giant ,naples1 9 #ahhj3 ,v simil> to   
,algi]s1 a little tall] /em1 & m fully  
develop$ foliage4 ,highly e/eem$ 9      
,italy & ,alg]ia4 ,requires ! same      
culture z ,algi]s4  ,,gilt ,,edge ,,e>ly
 ,,sn[ball 7,?orburn74--,?is ,am]ican   
v>iety 0 report$ by ! ,p5nsylvania      
exp]im5t /ation 9 #ahhh1 z hav+ done    
well & =m$ good heads1 free f int]mix$  
leaves1 :]e ne>ly all o!r sorts fail$4  
,x is a sup]ior select$ /ra9 ( ,e>ly    

,sn[ball :i* orig9at$ on ,long ,isl& &  
is ( ! same type z ! be/ /ra9 ( import$ 
,dw>f ,erfurt4--7,johnson  ,/okes1      
#ahia74  ,,grange',s ,,autumn4--,a      
v>iety m5tion$ 9 ! ,g>d5]'s ,*ronicle1 9
 #ahgj1 z e>li] & inf]ior to ,veit*'s   
,autumn ,giant4  ,,haage',s ,,e>ly      
,,g]man4--,said by ,wolfn] & ,weisz1 (  
,vi5na1 to be an excell5t %ort-/emm$    
v>iety = ! op5 gr\nd4  ,,haage',s       
,,dw>f4--,said by ,wolfn] & ,weisz1 (   
,vi5na1 to h l>ge1 compact heads1 :i*   
keep long 9 good condition4  ,,haage',s 
,,new ,,dw>f ,,e>ly4--,! be/ =          
=c+4--7,fr$]ick ,adolph ,a4 ,haage1     
,jr41 ,erfurt1 ,g]many1 #ahij74  ,,half 
,,e>ly ,,fr5* 7,l&re?1                  
#ahhf74--,?orburn1 9 #ahia1 catalogu$   
,half ,e>ly ,l>ge ,fr5*1 & 9 previ\s    
ye>s ,half ,e>ly ,dw>f ,fr5*4  ,,half   
,,e>ly ,,giant ,,italian4--,a new v>iety
 catalogu$ )\t description by ,vilmor91 
,&rieux1  ,co41 9 #ahhi4  ,,half ,,e>ly 
,,l>ge ,,:ite ,,fr5* 7,vilmor91 ,&rieux 
,co47--,no description4  ,,half ,,e>ly  

,,p>is 7,demi-dur de ,p>is1 ,gros       
,salomon1 ,nonp>eil74--,valuable = a    
late crop 9 ?is c\ntry1 & n[ ! mo/      
popul> v>iety 9 ! ,new ,orleans m>ket4  
,describ$ by ,vilmor91 ( ,p>is1 z       
foll[s3 ,plant m$ium2 leaves r l>ge1 ( a
 deep1 slightly glauc\s gre51 surr\nd+ !
 head well1 & gradually reflex$ f ! base
 to ! apex2 bord] undulate & co>sely    
d5tate1 /em r %ort & /\t2 head v :ite1  
l>ge1 & rema9+ solid a long "t4 ,=m]ly !
 mo/ ext5sively cultivat$ = ! ,p>is     
m>ket1 b n[ giv+ place to ,l5orm&       
,%ort-/em1 & sev]al new v>ieties4  ,9 ! 
,revue ,horticole = #ahhj1 ,m4 ,may     
says3 ,?is is ! v>iety mo/ cultivat$    
ar\nd ,p>is1 because x is suit$ to all  
seasons4 ,x may be s[n3 7#a7 ,9         
,septemb]1 to be ga!r$ 9 ,may & ,june1  
be+ protect$ dur+ w9t] l ! ,e>ly ,p>is2 
7#b7 9 ,febru>y1 9 a hot-b$1 or "u      
h&-glasses or frames1 to be ga!r$ 9     
,june & ,july2 7#c7 at ! fir/ ( ,m>*1   
also 9 hot-b$1 to be set out 9 ,april & 
ga!r$ 9 ,july2 7#d7 f9ally1 x may be s[n

 9 ,june on a bord] ( ri* mold1 & set   
out 9 ,july1 )\t hav+ be5 transplant$4  
,?is v simple me?od requires frequ5t    
wat]+s to yield good results4 ,! crop is
 ga!r$ f ,septemb] to ,novemb]4  ,! "n  
,gros ,salomon1 n[ giv5 by ,vilmor9 &   
o!rs z synonym\s ) ,half ,e>ly ,p>is1 0 
appli$ by ,ribaud1 9 #aheb1 to a sep>ate
 v>iety 7,annales de la ,societe d'     
,horticulture de l' ,alli]1 #aheb1 p4   
#ei74 ,= rem>ks on ! synonym ,nonp>eil1 
see t "n4  ,mr4 ,gregory1 (             
,massa*usetts1 says ( ! ,half-,e>ly     
,p>is or ,demi-dur3 ,?is is ! k9d       
usually sold 9 ?is c\ntry z ,e>ly ,p>is1
 ! true v>iety mak+ s small a head z to 
be comp>atively wor?less "h4--7,gregory1
 ,cabbages & ,h[ to ,gr[ ,!m1 #ahgj1 p4 
#fi74  ,,half ,,e>ly ,,/4 ,,brieuc      
7,demi-dur de ,/4 ,brieuc74--,plant l>ge
 & /rong2 leaves q l>ge1 elongat$1      
undulate & ( a deep gre52 /em long2 head
 close1 solid1 & rema9+ a long "t 9 good
 condition4 ,?is v>iety1 :i* is         
ext5sively cultivat$ ar\nd ,/4 ,brieuc1 

on ! nor? coa/ ( ,france f :i* x is     
export$ to ,p>is1 & ev5 to ,engl&1 is q 
h>dy1 & is well adapt$ to op5-air       
culture4--7,vilmor974  ,! ,/4 ,brieuc 0 
describ$ by ,m4 ,may1 9 ! ,revue        
,horticole1 9 #ahhj1 z a h>dy1 b late   
v>iety1 inf]ior 9 its head to our ,p>is 
v>ieties1 & n v g5]ally cultivat$4  ,at 
! ,new ,york exp]im5t /ation 9 #ahhf1   
?is v>iety gave good results4           
,,haskell',s ,,favorite4--,z gr[n at !  
,s\? ,dakota exp]im5t /ation1 9 #ahhh1  
no diff]5ce 0 se5 betwe5 ?is &          
,h5d]son's ,sn[ball4 ,se$ 0 s[n 9 hot-b$
 ,april #aj1 ! plants set out 9         
well-manur$ soil1 ,may #bd1 & ! fir/    
heads cut ,july #ac--;f :i* "t ! plants 
cont9u$ to head along ?r\gh ! season4 ,!
 introduc]1 ,george ,s4 ,haskell1 (     
,rock=d1 ,ill41 writes3 ,! ,e>ly        
,favorite we sell is a v>iety ,i f\nd 9 
,holl& a numb] ( ye>s ago4 ,x has prov$ 
a v sure head] 9 ?is section ( ! c\ntry1
 & w yield m ?an o!r sorts4 ,x is n ( ! 
',erfurt family1' b ab\t half way betwe5

 ! ,e>ly ,p>is & ,erfurt4  ,,h5d]son',s 
,,e>ly ,,sn[ball4--,a ,g]man v>iety1    
d]iv$ f ! ,dw>f ,erfurt1 introduc$ by   
,pet] ,h5d]son  ,co41 ab\t #ahgh1 & :i* 
has become v popul>4 ,gregory1 9 #ahij1 
said t x 0 n excell$ by any o!r v>iety1 
unless x 0 ,?orburn's ,gilt ,edge1 & t x
 comb9$ ! be/ *>act]i/ics ( ,b]l9 ,dw>f1
 ,extra ,e>ly ,erfurt1 & ,sea ,foam4    
,h5d]son  ,co4 /ate t x is n[ gr[n = =c+
 m l>gely ?an any o!r v>iety4 ,x is also
 consid]ably gr[n 9 field culture1 n    
only = ! e>ly crop1 = :i* x is          
especially suit$1 b also = ! late crop1 
! plants be+ set out z late z ! fir/ (  
,augu/4 ,its small size & reliability ( 
head+ are valuable features :]e suitable
 soil & culture are giv54 ,! high price 
( ! se$ & ! lack ( vigor 9 mu* ( ! se$ (
 ?is & o!r ,dw>f ,erfurt v>ieties1 h    
prev5t$ _! cultivation on z l>ge a scale
 z !y w\ld o!rwise be gr[n4  ,?is v>iety
 0 =m]ly sold by _m se$sm5 simply z     
,e>ly ,sn[ball1 & x is ! "o n[ usually  
ref]r$ to :5 ! "n ,e>ly ,sn[ball is us$1

 7,see ,e>ly ,sn[ball47  ,w4 ,j4 ,gre51 
( ! ,ohio exp]im5t /ation1 says (       
,h5d]son's ,sn[ball3 ,?is ju/ly         
celebrat$ /ra9 ( ,e>ly ,extra ,e>ly     
,erfurt is probably bett] kn[n ?an !    
p>5t v>iety4 ,! true ,h5d]son's ,e>ly   
,sn[ball is unexcell$1 b !re are o!r    
/ra9s1 & o!r v>ieties ev51 t h be5 s5t  
out "u ?is "n1 :i* are v inf]ior4  ,!   
/ock ( ?is v>iety is n[ all controll$   
,pet] ,h5d]son  ,co41 & is gr[n 9       
,g]many4 ,se$ desc5d$ f ,h5d]son's /ock 
has be5 gr[n at ,puget ,s\nd1 & is      
claim$ to be z good z ! orig9al4 ,sev]al
 o!r sorts1 includ+ ,puritan1 ,padilla &
 ,gilt ,edge1 h be5 d]iv$ f ,h5d]son's  
,sn[ball1 :i* sometimes mature q z e>ly 
z ?is v>iety4  ,,ideal1 see ,vick's     
,ideal4  ,,imp]ial4--,may says1 9 !     
,revue ,horticole1 = #ahhj3 ,a v>iety   
:i* seems to h orig9at$ f ! ,e>ly ,dw>f 
,erfurt1 be+ a little m vigor\s1 &      
produc+ a little l>g] heads1 :i* is )\t 
d\bt a result ( culture1 = 9 head & leaf
 x :olly resembles ! ,erfurt4 ,x is an  

excell5t v>iety1 employ$ 9 ! same mann] 
z ! ,erfurt1 & des]ves ext5d$           
cultivation4  ,vilmor9 says3 ,?is f9e   
v>iety resembles ! ,dw>f ,e>ly ,erfurt1 
b x is ( deep] gre51 & e way l>g]4 ,x is
 an e>ly v>iety ) beautiful :ite head1  
l>ge & solid1 & rem>kable = its         
regul>ity ( gr[? & product4 ,:5 well    
gr[n x is c]ta9ly among ! mo/ desirable 
e>ly v>ieties4 ,?orburn consid]s x "o ( 
! be/ = ! ma9 crop4 ,x orig9at$ ab\t    
#ahgj4 ,x matur$ 9 "o season eighte5    
days & 9 ano!r ?irty-two days be=e !    
,l5orm&4--7,! ,g>d51 #ahgh1 p4 #b74     
,,imp]ial ,,novelty 7,l&re?71 see       
,imp]ial4  ,,improv$ ,,e>ly ,,p>is1 see 
,bo/on ,m>ket4  ,,italian ,,giant4--,!re
 are two or m =ms ( ?is v>iety 9 !      
m>ket4 ,= example3 ,vick sells ,italian 
,giant2 ,gregory1 ,italian ,e>ly ,giant2
 ! ,plant ,se$ ,company1 ,italian ,e>ly 
,giant ,autumnal2 ,vilmor91 ,half-,e>ly 
,italian ,giant 7new72 ,frotz]1 ,late   
,italian ,giant2 & ,vilmor91 ,late      
,giant ,italian ,self-protect+4 ,! e>ly 

=m or v>iety seems to be ! mo/ g5]ally  
sold by our se$sm51 & is p]haps ! "o    
indicat$ :5 ! simple "n ,italian ,giant 
is us$4 ,gregory calls ! ,e>ly ,italian 
,giant a f9e1 l>ge :ite-head$ e>ly      
,v>iety4 ,frotz] says x is n q s late z 
! ,late ,italian1 almo/ z l>ge1 & 9 e   
way satisfactory4 ,! ,late ,italian     
,giant1 he says1 is gr[n to a           
consid]able ext5t 9 ! neighborhood (    
,new ,orleans1 & is ! l>ge/ ( all !     
caulifl[]s & %\ld n be s[n lat] ?an     
,june1 z x requires f sev5 to n9e mon?s 
to head4  ,,johnson  ,,/okes' ,,e>ly    
,,alaba/]1 see ,alaba/]4  ,,k+1 see     
,sutton's ,k+4  ,,knick]bock]4--,an e>ly
 ,v>iety ) f9e l>ge compact sn[-:ite    
heads ( excell5t flavor4--7,e4  ,w4     
,hackett1 ,adelaide1 ,au/ralia1 #ahhi74 
,,lackawanna4--,all ,am]ican v>iety s5t 
out by ,till+ha/1 ab\t #ahhd1 & said to 
be a little l>g] & lat] ?an ,h5d]son's  
,sn[ball4  ,,l&re?',s ,,fir/4--,z gr[n  
at ! ,new ,york exp]im5t /ation 9 #ahhe1
 x 0 equal 9 e>l9ess to ! ,e>ly ,dw>f   

,erfurt1 & surpass$ only by ,h5d]son's  
,sn[ball4  ,,l>ge ,,algi]s1 see ,algi]s4
  ,,l>ge ,,asiatic1 see ,asiatic4       
,,l>ge ,,erfurt4--,a "n sometimes appli$
 to ! ord9>y ,e>ly ,erfurt1 9 di/9ction 
f ! ,dw>f ,erfurt4  ,,l>ge ,,e>ly ,,dw>f
 ,,erfurt 7,?orburn71 see ,e>ly ,erfurt4
  ,,l>ge ,,e>ly ,,london4--,fail$ to    
head at ! ,new ,york exp]im5t /ation1 9 
#ahhb4 ,9 #ahhe a small proportion ( !  
plants head$2 x 0 ! late/ among #ch     
v>ieties4  ,,l>ge ,,e>ly ,,:ite         
,,erfurt4--,brill calls ?is ! l[e/ grade
 ( ! ,erfurt type1 succe$+ admirably at 
times1 b n to be dep5d$ on1 & apt to gr[
 ) small f9e leaves ?r\gh ! heads4 ,see 
,e>ly ,erfurt4  ,,l>ge ,,late ,,algi]s1 
see ,algi]s4  ,,l>ge ,,late ,,asiatic1  
see ,asiatic4  ,,l>ge ,,late ,,wal*]5   
7,dre]71 see ,wal*]54  ,,l>ge ,,:ite    
,,fr5*4--,a f9e l>ge :ite v>iety1       
catalogu$ by ,gregory & o!rs 9 #ahij4   
,vilmor9 calls x half-e>ly4  ,,l>ge/    
,,asiatic4--,tall] & l>g] ?an ! common  
,asiatic1 b app>5tly no long] gr[n4 ,!  

,g>d5]'s ,*ronicle = #ahdh m5tions its  
be+ sold by ,messrs4 ,s*]tz]1 ( ,ha>lem4
  ,,la+',s ,,e>ly ,,advance4--,a writ] 9
 ! ,g>d5]'s ,*ronicle1 = #ahia1 p4 #aba1
 /ates t he has gr[n x = ! pa/ ?ree ye>s
 & f9ds x a good v>iety1 ) close :ite   
heads ( mod]ate size1 protect$ by _m    
well-incurv$ leaves1 & ready = use ab\t 
five mon?s f ! "t ( s[+ ! se$4  ,,late  
,,dut* 7,l>ge ,late ,dut*74--,sold by   
sev]al ,am]ican se$m54 ,probably di/9ct 
f ,e>ly ,dut*4  ,,late ,,l5orm&         
,,%ort-,,/em1 see ,l5orm& ,%ort-,/em4   
,,late ,,london 7,burpee & ,f]ry74--,no 
description4 ,see ,asiatic & ,l>ge ,e>ly
 ,london4  ,,late ,,p>is 7,dur de       
,p>is74--,?is1 said ,vilmor9 9 #ahhc1 is
 ! late/ v>iety cultivat$ by ! m>ket    
g>d5]s ar\nd ,p>is4 ,x diff]s f ! ,half 
,e>ly ,p>is1 especially 9 be+ a little  
lat]1 & 9 hav+ its head rema9 h>d &     
solid a long "t2 b x is also di/+ui%$ by
 ! appe>ance ( its foliage1 :i* is q    
abundant1 elongat$1 v mu* undulat$1 & ( 
an int5se gre54  ,?is v>iety is ! lea/  

cultivat$ ( ! ?ree g5]ally gr[n at      
,p>is4 ,! g>d5]s use x only = ! summ]   
s[+ to come at ! end ( ! season4 ,x is  
n[ be+ supplant$ by o!r late sorts4     
,,late ,,wal*]51 see ,wal*]54           
,,lefevre4--,said to h be5 "o ( ! be/   
f\r v>ieties = ,c5tral ,france 9 #aheb1 
! o!rs be+ ,demi-dur de ,p>is 7,half    
,e>ly ,p>is71 ,e>ly ,duke1 & ,gros      
,salomon4  ,,le ,,maitre ,,pi$          
,,c\rt4--,z gr[n at ! ,new ,york        
exp]im5t /ation 9 #ahhe1 x 0 r e>ly4    
,probably ! same z ! ,lemaitre or       
,*amb\rcy ,%ort-,/emm$1 catalogu$ by    
,vilmor9 9 #ahij4  ,,l5orm& 7,anci5t    
,l5orm&1 ,late ,l5orm&1 ,l5orm& ,extra  
,l>ge1 ,l5orm& ,mammo?74--,vilmor9 said1
 9 #ahhc3 ,x is n[ a score ( ye>s s9ce !
 att5tion ( ! trade 0 call$ to ?is      
v>iety1 pr9cipally because ( its beauty 
& its great h>d9ess aga9/ cold4 ,!      
,l5orm& is 9 appe>ance b little diff]5t 
f ! ,half ,e>ly ,p>is 7,demi-dur74 ,!   
leaves are only a little l>g]4 ,x       
c]ta9ly requires a little less c>e ?an  

o!r v>ieties1 b its *ief m]it is hav+   
giv5 bir? to ! ,l5orm& ,%ort-/emm$1 :i* 
is to-day "o ( ! mo/ g5]ally priz$4  ,m4
 ,may describes & figures ?is v>iety 9 !
 ,revue ,horticole = #ahhj4 ,9 ! ,j\rnal
 ( ! ,c5tral ,horticultural ,society (  
,france = #aheg is a report ( a         
committee ( t society ^u ?is v>iety z   
gr[n on ! gr\nds ( ,m4 ,l5orm& ne>      
,p>is1 x hav+ be5 introduc$ by t        
g5tleman 9 #aheb f ,halle1 9 ,c5tral    
,g]many1 :]e x 0 !n l>gely cultivat$4 ,!
 committee made a v flatt]+ report1 f9d+
 ! ,l5orm& mu* f9] ?an ! o!r v>ieties1  
,half ,e>ly ,p>is1 ,erfurt1 & ,alma1    
gr[+ 9 ! same field4  ,9 ?is c\ntry !   
,l5orm& 0 =m]ly a popul> v>iety1 be+    
frequ5tly m5tion$1 z long ago z #aheh1 )
 ! ,e>ly ,p>is z "o ( ! two be/         
v>ieties4 ,s9ce !n x has be5 displac$ by
 ! foll[+3  ,,l5orm& ,,%ort-,,/em4--,?is
 v>iety1 d]iv$ f ! ,l5orm&1 is describ$ 
by ,vilmor9 9 #ahhc z foll[s3 ,! aspect 
( ?is v>iety is v *>act]i/ic1 & enables 
x to be di/+ui%$ easily f all o!rs :5 x 

is well gr[n4 ,! /em1 extremely %ort1   
/rong & /ocky1 is furni%$ d[n to ! level
 ( ! e>? ) %ort1 l>ge1 r\nd$ leaves1    
slightly undulat$ except on ! bord]s1 v 
firm & /iff1 & m spread+ ?an upright2   
color deep gre51 slightly glauc\s2 head 
v l>ge & solid1 beautifully :ite1 &     
keep+ 9 condition a long "t4 ,?is v>iety
 is e>ly1 productive1 h>dy aga9/ cold & 
dr\?1 & requires comp>atively little    
room4 ,its rapid ext5tion 9 cultivation 
)9 ! la/ few ye>s is n !re=e surpris+4  
,illu/ration  ,to ?is x may be add$ t ! 
v>iety is sold by ne>ly all our ,am]ican
 se$m5 & is a popul> v>iety = a fall    
crop1 especially at ! ,s\?4 ,its l>ge1  
solid1 cream-color$ heads are n h[ev] z 
well protect$ by ! leaves z ^? ( mo/ o!r
 m$ium e>ly or late sorts4  ,,l5orm&',s 
,,%ort-,,/emm$ ,,mammo? 7,l5orm&'s      
,extra ,l>ge ,%ort-,/emm$74--,?is appe>s
 to be a selection f ! ,l5orm&          
,%ort-/em4 ,x is (f]$ "u ! second ( !   
above names by ,vilmor91 & "u ! fir/ by 
,gregory & o!r ,am]ican se$sm54  ,,long 

,,isl& ,,beauty 7,brill71 see ,e>ly     
,padilla4 ,at ! ,colorado /ation1 9     
#ahhh1 se$s ( ,long ,isl& ,beauty obta9$
 f ,l[ appe>$ to be an inf]ior /ock1 &  
gave heads :i* 7 loose & yell[i%4 ,= !  
orig9 ( ?is v>iety see ,e>ly ,padilla4  
,,malta ,,giant 7,burpee71 see ,giant   
,malta4  ,,m>t9',s ,,presid5t4--,z gr[n 
by ,mr4 ,r4 ,gilb]t at ,burghley1       
,engl&1 9 #ahhe1 ?is v>iety /ood !      
exceptionally dry season bett] ?an ,be/ 
( ,all1 ,sn[ball1 ,e>ly ,erfurt1 or     
,veit*'s ,autumn ,giant4--7,g>d5+       
,illu/rat$1 #ahhe1 p4 #dch74  ,,maule',s
 ,,prize ,,e>lie/1 see ,prize4          
,,mit*ell',s ,,h>dy ,,e>ly4--,said by   
,f4 ,burr1 9 #ahff1 to be a new v>iety1 
b\quet n l>ge1 b h&some & compact4 ,x is
 s firm t x rema9s an unusual l5g? ( "t 
)\t runn+ to se$ or becom+ pi?y4        
,,model4--,! ,nor?rup1 ,braslan  ,goodw9
 ,co41 ( ,m9neapolis1 ,m9nesota1 !      
introduc]s ( ?is v>iety1 say 9 #ahia3 ,!
 hi/ory ( our ,model caulifl[] we c give
 y 9 a few words3 ,we h = sev]al ye>s   

be5 te/+ caulifl[] se$ f z _m gr[]s z   
possible1 9 ord] to secure a v>iety :i* 
we c\ld id5tify ) our "n4 ,we h nev] be5
 fully satisfi$ until two ye>s ago1 :5  
we receiv$ f a =eign gr[] a sample =    
trial4 ,^u te/+ ?is se$ 9 our exp]im5tal
 gr\nds we f\nd x s desirable t we      
arrang$ = ! /ock we are n[ sell+1 & :i* 
gives excell5t satisfaction :]ev] gr[n4 
,!re are o!r v>ieties :i* produce z good
 heads & z e>ly1 b 9 our gr[?s ( ?is    
sort we h f\nd a l>g] proportion ( l>ge1
 :ite1 p]fect heads ?an 9 any o!r /ra9s 
we h te/$4  ,,mohawk ,,:ite ,,cap       
7,nellis74--,r l>g] & lat] ?an ,e>ly    
,extra ,e>ly ,erfurt & seems to be      
id5tical ) ,sn[ball f ! same            
firm4--7,ohio ,exp4 ,/ation1 #ahhi7     
,,mt4 ,,blanc4--,said by ,bui/1 9 #ahij1
 to be "o ( ! l>ge/ & f9e/ = =c+1 or !  
g5]al crop4 ,/em m$ium2 heads l>ge1     
sn[-:ite1 well protect$ by ! leaves1 & (
 delicate flavor4  ,at ! ,oregon        
exp]im5t /ation1 9 #ahij1 ,c>t]'s ,mt4  
,blanc resembl$ ,p]fection 9 gr[?1 b _h 

some:at l>g] heads4  ,,naples1 ,,giant1 
see ,veit*'s ,autumn ,giant4            
,,n>r[-,,leav$ ,,erfurt1 see            
,small-,leav$ ,erfurt4  ,,ne ,,plus     
,,ultra4--,a f9e e>ly v>iety1 d]iv$ f ! 
,giant ,naples1 hav+ well-fill$ heads1  
(t5 n9e in*es 9 diamet]4 ,highly        
recomm5d$ by ,wolfn] & ,weisz ( ,vi5na1 
b little gr[n 9 ?is c\ntry4             
,,nonp>eil4--,9 mo/ ,am]ican catalogues 
?is is giv5 z synonym\s ) ,half ,e>ly   
,p>is4 ,bui/ & ,rawson catalogue x z a  
sep>ate v>iety1 & ,brill m5tion$ x 9    
#ahgb z a di/9ct v>iety4 ,at ! ,new     
,york exp]im5t /ation1 9 #ahhe1 a v>iety
 call$ ,?orburn's ,nonp>eil matur$ among
 ! half-e>ly sorts at ! same "t z       
,l5orm& ,%ort-/em4 ,j4 ,m4 ,?orburn     
,co4 write me 9 #ahia t ,nonp>eil is a  
"n :i* !y gave to ! ,half ,e>ly ,p>is :5
 !y fir/ introduc$ t v>iety to ! trade 9
 ?is c\ntry4  ,,nor?rup1 ,,braslan      
,,goodw9 ,,co4',s ,,model1 see ,model4  
,,padilla1 see ,e>ly ,padilla4  ,,pal]mo
 ,,violet4--,a v>iety catalogu$ by      

,wolfn] & ,weisz1 ( ,vi5na1 9 #ahhh4    
,,paques4--,a v>iety ) f9e :ite heads1  
usually class$ ) ! ,broccolis4          
,catalogu$ by ,vilmor91 9 #ahij4        
,,p>is1 see ,e>ly ,p>is4  ,,pe>ce',s    
,,sn[-,,/orm 7,j4 ,s4 ,pe>ce  ,co4's    
,sn[-,/orm74--,?is v>iety1 introduc$ by 
^! se$sm51 ( ,london1 ,canada1 #ahhf1   
appe>s f _! description to be a         
selection f ! ,dw>f ,erfurt4  ,,pe>l    
7,veit*'s ,pe>l74--,a good second-e>ly  
sort s5t out ab\t eight ye>s ago2 said  
by "s to be too ne> ,k+ 9 "*4 ,x seems  
to be no long] gr[n4  ,,p]fection       
7,m>*'s ,no4 #i74--,receiv$ f ,h4 ,a4   
,m>*1 ( ,fidalgo1 ,wa%+ton1 & gr[n at ! 
,oregon exp]im5t /ation 9 #ahij1 x 0    
f\nd to be equally good ) ,sn[ball1 &   
simil> 9 gr[? to ,mt4 ,blanc1 b ) a     
little small] head4 ,mr4 ,m>* writes me 
z foll[s1 "u date ( ,april #c1 #ahia3   
,my ,e>ly ,p]fection1 or ',no4 #i1' 0 a 
sport or1 '/ray se$' f\nd among "s      
,erfurt ,e>lie/ ,dw>f1 import$ se$2 &   
be+ ! fir/ 9 ! field to =m a head by ov]

 a week1 ,i naturally sav$ x = '/ock    
se$1' & z x propagat$ itself p]fectly1 &
 z x 0 p]fection itself1 ,i nam$ x ,e>ly
 ,p]fection4 ,i am n aw>e ( ano!r by !  
"n ( ,p]fection 9 ! m>ket4  ,,picpus    
,,e>ly ,,h>dy4--,at ! ,new ,york        
exp]im5t /ation 9 #ahhe ?is prov$ to be 
a l>ge1 r e>ly sort4 ,vilmor9 includes x
 9 8 late/ catalogue1 b x is n 9 !      
,am]ican catalogues4  ,,prize 7,maule's 
,prize ,e>lie/74--,an ,erfurt v>iety s5t
 out1 by ,wm4 ,h4 ,maule1 (             
,philadelphia4  ,,puritan1 see ,e>ly    
,puritan4  ,,rawson',s ,,extra ,,e>ly   
,,sea ,,foam4--,said by ,rawson 9 #ahhf 
to be ! be/ =c+ v>iety2 dw>f1 v compact1
 ) l>ge1 firm1 well-r\nd$ heads1 pure   
:ite1 & ( ! be/ quality4 ,at ! ,ohio    
exp]im5t /ation 9 #ahhi x appe>$ to be !
 same z ,e>ly ,extra ,e>ly ,erfurt4     
,,rice',s ,,giant ,,sn[ball4--,a late   
sort1 :i* fail$ to head well at ! ,new  
,york exp]im5t /ation 9 #ahhc4  ,,/4    
,,brieuc1 see ,half ,e>ly ,/4 ,brieuc4  
,,small-,,leav$ ,,erfurt 7,e>lie/ ,dw>f 

,small-,leav$ ,erfurt1 ,n>r[-,leav$     
,erfurt74--,?is1 accord+ to ,brill1     
diff]s f ,erfurt ,extra ,dw>f ,e>lie/ 9 
hav+ v n>r[1 po9t$ leaves :i* gr[       
p]fectly upright1 ?us adapt+ x = close  
cultivation or = =c+4 ,x gr[s rapidly1  
:i* adapts x = spr+ cultivation2 & = a  
fall crop x may be s[n lat] ?an any o!r 
v>iety--on ,long ,isl& usually z late z 
,july #a/4  ,,sn[',s ,,w9t] ,,:ite4--,a 
late v>iety usually class$ ) !          
,broccolis4  ,,sn[ball1 see ,e>ly       
,sn[ball4  ,,/ad?old]4--,burr1 9 #ahff1 
said1 ,a rec5t v>iety introduc$ f       
,holl&4444 ,9 ! vic9ity ( ,london1 :]e x
 is l>gely cultivat$ = ! m$iate betwe5 !
 ,e>ly ,dut* & ,wal*]54 ,! /em is a     
little %ort] ?an t ( o!r ,holl&         
caulifl[]s :i* h r tall /ems1 & ! leaves
 are m undulat$ on ! bord]4 ,! ,/ad?old]
 appe>s to be a good sort1 b h>dly equal
 to ,autumn ,giant & "s o!rs :i* protect
 ! head bett]1 & :i* h n[ l>gely        
displac$ x 9 cultivation4 ,x has nev]   
be5 gr[n to any ext5t 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates4

  ,,surprise1 see ,e>ly ,dw>f ,surprise4
  ,,sutton',s ,,favorite4--,said by     
,sutton  ,sons1 ( ,read+1 ,engl&1 to be 
sev5 to twelve days e>li] ?an ,e>ly     
,london1 ( level & compact habit1 & good
 to succe$ ,sutton's ,magnum ,bonum4    
,,sutton',s ,,fir/ ,,crop4--,said to be 
! e>lie/ to head1 v dw>f & compact1 hav+
 sn[y :ite heads1 & s few leaves t x may
 be plant$ clos] ?an any o!r k9d4       
,,sutton',s ,,k+4--,said by ,sutton     
,sons to be ! be/ caulifl[] = g5]al use1
 com+ 9 imm$iately aft] ,sutton's       
,favorite4 ,plant dw>f & compact1 )     
l>ge1 firm1 beautifully :ite heads4     
,endures dr\? well4 ,said to produce a  
great] weight on a giv5 area ?an o!r    
m>ket1 x is consid]$ equal1 if n        
sup]ior1 to ! ,wal*]54 ,vilmor9         
describes x z foll[s3 ,v ne> ,e>ly      
,dut*1 be+ di/+ui%$ ma9ly by be+ a few  
days lat]1 be+ ?us int]-v>iety4 ,heads h
 be5 gr[n weigh+ #bh p\nds4  ,,sutton',s
 ,,magnum ,,bonum4--,sutton 9 #ahhh     
says3 ,we introduc$ ?is caulifl[] to our

 cu/om]s la/ ye> z ! f9e/ & mo/         
delicately flavor$ v>iety we h gr[n4    
,heads l>ge1 firm1 sn[y :ite2 plant     
m$ium e>ly1 ( /rong1 dw>f1 habit & broad
 leaves1 :i* are s]viceable = %ad+ !    
heads4  ,,sutton',s ,,sn[ball4--,a v    
e>ly dw>f v>iety m5tion$ 9 ! ,g>d5 9    
#ahge4  ,,t>anto4--,(f]$ z new by ,j4   
,m4 ,?orburn1 9 #ahia1 & said to be v   
l>ge & to resemble ,autumn ,giant4      
,,?orburn',s ,,e>ly ,,sn[ball 7,?orburn1
 #ahij74--,no description4  ,,?orburn',s
 ,,gilt ,,edge4--,gregory says 9 #ahij3 
,?is is und\bt$ly ! f9e/ /ra9 ( !       
,sn[ball v>iety4 ,x is a little lat] &  
l>g] ?an ! common ,sn[ball1 & c be left 
long] 9 ! field )\t decay+4 ,i consid]$ 
x ! be/ ( all ! doz5 v>ieties rais$ 9 my
 exp]im5tal gr\nds ?is season4          
,,?orburn',s ,,nonp>eil1 see ,nonp>eil4 
,,?orburn',s ,,wond]ful4--,at ! ,new    
,york exp]im5t /ation 9 #ahhc ?is v>iety
 matur$ ) ,veit*'s ,autumn ,giant &     
,wal*]51 & 0 l>g] ?an ei!r ( ^?4 ,at !  
same /ation 9 #ahhe a v>iety call$      

,wond]ful1 probably ! same1 0 ! late/ ( 
#cj sorts1 be+ s[n ,m>* #cj?1 set out   
,may #d?1 & ga!r$ ,oct4 #bg?4           
,,vaughn',s ,,e>lie/ ,,dw>f             
,,erfurt4--,9 8 catalogue = #ahia1      
,vaughn says t ?is is ! highe/ pric$ &  
f9e/ /ra9 ( ! ,e>lie/ ,dw>f ,erfurt1    
import$ f ,erfurt ,g]many4 ,?is /ra9 has
 be5 import$ by him = sev]al ye>s4 ,he  
rem>ks t _m /ra9s ( ,dw>f ,erfurt are   
giv5 special names by o!r se$sm54       
,,veit*',s ,,autumn ,,giant 7,autumn    
,giant1 ,giant ,naples1 ,frank=t        
,giant74--,no o!r new v>iety ( caulifl[]
 has attract$ s mu* att5tion z ?is4 ,x 0
 introduc$ into ,engl& ab\t #ahfi1 s9ce 
:5 x has become v popul> !re = a late   
crop & = summ]4 ,x is r too late = !    
ord9>y fall crop 9 ?is c\ntry1 ?\gh a   
favorite ) "s gr[]s on bo? ! ,atlantic &
 ,pacific coa/s4  ,x 0 describ$ by      
,vilmor9 9 #ahhc1 z foll[s1 "u ! "n     
,giant ,naples1 b is n[ sold by him z   
,autumn ,giant3 ,plant l>ge & vigor\s1  
/em r tall1 leaves abundant1 some:at    

undulat$1 ( a deep gre54 ,! int]ior     
leaves turn 9 well ov] ! head1 :i* is v 
l>ge1 solid1 & :ite4 ,x is a late v>iety
 ( ! same p]iod z ,wal*]51 b less h>dy4 
,at ! nor? x c be employ$ = ! late/ crop
 9 op5 air culture by be+ s[n 9 ,april  
or ,may4  ,9 #ahhd ,v9c5t ,b]?ault gave 
! foll[+ acc\nt ( ?is v>iety 9 ! ,revue 
,horticole3 ,?is v>iety is /ill r>e &   
little kn[n 9 ,france4 ,i plant$ x la/  
ye> = trial & obta9$ results :i* 7 !    
admiration ( all :o saw !m4 ,x 0 f my   
small crop t ,i took ! f\r :i* ,i _h !  
honor to pres5t to ! ,c5tral            
,horticultural ,society ( ,france at its
 meet+ on ,augu/ #be1 #ahhc4 ,"s ( ^!   
caulifl[]s 7 #ce to #ch c5timet]s m ?an 
a foot 9 diamet]1 & weigh$1 includ+ /em 
& leaves1 #ab to #ac kilograms ne>ly #cj
 p\nds :i* is extraord9>y = ?is "t ( !  
ye>1 :5 x is difficult to obta9         
caulifl[]s ( ev5 ord9>y size4 ,at "o "t 
,i fe>$ t _! size 0 to ! detrim5t ( _!  
quality1 b x has prov$ o!rwise1 & 9 all 
respects !y are excell5t1 & z good z    

beautiful4 ,9 fact !y are p]fect4  ,!   
g5]al *>act]s ( ! ,autumn ,giant diff]  
mat]ially f ^? ( o!r v>ieties4  ,! "y   
se$l+s become at once v tall & upright1 
& ev5 aft] be+ set out & plant$ z deep z
 ! fir/ leaves !y quickly assume _!     
usual /ellate appe>ance1 & = ab\t six   
weeks !y are simply furni%$ ) eight or  
t5 long n>r[ leaves borne on a long /em4
 ,s up to ?is "t ! plants are n v       
promis+1 & "o is tempt$ to pull !m up2 b
 aft] ?is ! plants rapidly *ange 9      
appe>ance2 a doz5 new leaves are quickly
 develop$1 & ! plants take on a         
half-upright =m :i* recalls t ( ! ,half 
,e>ly ,p>is v>iety4 ,z to ! head1 x is m
 conical ?an flat4 ,! leaves sometimes  
atta9 a l5g? ( #ij c5timet]s ne>ly ?ree 
feet1 by #dj c5timet]s broad4 ,x is !n t
 extra c>e %\ld be giv54 ,! wat]+s ought
 to be copi\s & frequ5t1 especially at !
 "t ( ! =mation ( ! heads1 :5 ,i apply  
ab\t #aj to #ae litres ( wat] to ea*    
head e o!r day4 ,?is1 :i* c]ta9ly       
contribut$ to ! good result1 is h[ ,i   

grew my plants4 ,i *ose good soil1 :i*  
,i prep>$ dur+ ! w9t]1 plac+ 9 ! bottom 
( ! furr[ a good ?ickness ( manure1 & a 
mon? be=e plant+1 or ev5 at ! "t ( do+  
s1 ,i spread on ! surface a cov]+ (     
decompos$ manure1 :i* ,i incorporat$ ) !
 soil by means ( ord9>y tillage4 ,i     
visit$ ! plantation e day1 n only to    
de/roy ! cat]pill>s1 b to cov] ! heads )
 leaves1 :i* x 0 necess>y to look aft]  
at lea/ e o!r day 9 ord] to pres]ve !   
:it5ess ( ! heads4 ,^! att5tions are    
indisp5sable if "o w\ld secure a product
 ( fir/ quality1 free f insects4 ,z to  
s[+ ! se$1 x may be begun ab\t ! #ae? ( 
,septemb]1 & ! plants w9t]$ ov] "u      
h&-glasses1 or 9 frames1 to be set out 9
 ,m>*1 :5 heads w be obta9$ 9 ,july4 ,! 
plants ( ?is s[+ may also be set 9      
hot-b$s 9 ,janu>y & ,febru>y1 b ?is only
 9 default ( o!r v>ieties1 = !y w be too
 tall & spread+4  ,x is 9 ,febru>y1 on a
 b$ ) mild heat & "u glass1 t ,i make my
 s[+ to obta9 plants :i* are to head 9  
,augu/ & ,septemb]1 & :i* give my be/   

returns4 ,a f9al s[+ may be made at !   
end ( ,m>* or beg9n+ ( ,april2 x matures
 its crop 9 ,octob] & ,novemb]4  ,my    
op9ion ( ! ,autumn ,giant is t x is     
de/9$ to play an important "p 9 !       
m>ket-g>d5+ ( ! c\ntry :51 probably 9 ! 
ne> future1 !re %all h be5 produc$ dw>f 
v>ieties analog\s to ^? :i* we already  
possess f o!r sorts4  ,,veit*',s ,,e>ly 
,,=c+4--,?is v>iety has small compact   
he>ts1 v close & :ite4 ,! habit ( !     
plant is dw>f & /urdy1 & x is well      
adapt$ = =c+4--7,g>d5+ ,illu/rat$1      
#ahhe1 p4 #dbg74 ,x is favorably m5tion$
 by sev]al writ]s 9 ! ,g>d5]'s ,*ronicle
 = #ahhd & #ahhe4 ,9 ! ,g>d5 = #ahhb    
,veit*'s ,e>ly is said to be two weeks  
e>li] ?an ,e>ly ,london4  ,,veit*',s    
,,pe>l1 see ,pe>l4  ,,veit*',s          
,,self-,,protect+4--,said by ! ,g>d5]'s 
,*ronicle1 9 #ahgd1 to be a new v>iety1 
j te/$ by ,mr4 ,veit*1 mu* lat] ?an     
,autumn ,giant1 h>dy1 & v self-protect+4
  ,,vick',s ,,ideal4--,james ,vick says 
9 #ahij3 ,we introduc$ ! ',ideal' to    

public notice 9 #ahhf1 & claim$ = x     
sup]iority to any o!r v>iety 9 ! foll[+ 
po9ts3 ,reliability ( head+1 size &     
solidity ( heads1 e>l9ess1 & protective 
habit ( inn] leaves4 ,fur!r te/s by     
himself & o!rs he says sub/antiate ^!   
claims4 ,! plants are said to be v dw>f1
 ) erect out] leaves4 ,at ! ,new ,york  
exp]im5t /ation1 9 #ahhi1 x 0 a few days
 lat] ?an ! ?ree o!r v>ieties on trial4 
,at ! ,ohio /ation ! same ye> x 0       
consid]$ "o ( ! be/ /ra9s ( ,e>ly ,extra
 ,e>ly ,erfurt4  ,,vi5na                
,,*ild4--,catalogu$ by ,wolfn] & ,weisz1
 ( ,vi5na1 9 #ahhh1 at ! highe/ price1 z
 a f9e new m>ket-g>d5 sort4  ,,vi5na    
,,e>ly ,,dw>f1 see ,e>ly ,dw>f ,vi5na4  
,,waite',s ,,alma1 see ,alma4           
,,wal*]54--,?is old ,g]man v>iety is    
int]m$iate 9 "* betwe5 ! true caulifl[]s
 & ! broccolis1 & x has1 f ! fir/1 be5  
frequ5tly call$ ,wal*]5 ,broccoli4 ,!re 
seems to h orig9ally be5 two v>ieties1  
,e>ly & ,late4 ,! e>lie/ appe>ance ( !  
"n ,wal*]5 t ,i h se5 is 9 an           

adv]tisem5t ( ,wal*]5 caulifl[] se$ 9 ! 
,g>d5]'s ,*ronicle = #ahdd4 ,s9ce t "t x
 has rema9$ "o ( ! mo/ reliable & popul>
 v>ieties ) ,engli% gr[]s4  ,mc,intosh1 
9 8 ,book ( ! ,g>d51 9 #ahee1 said t x 0
 h>d to get pure se$3 ,! true ,wal*]5 is
 di/+ui%$ f all o!rs by its bluntly     
r\nd$ & broad leaves1 & ! clos5ess &    
almo/ sn[y :it5ess ( its heads1 ev5 :5  
gr[n to a l>ge size4 ,o!rs1 be=e ?is1   
/ate t x 0 sold on ! ,cont95t "u ! "n ( 
,e>ly ,leyd54  ,burr1 9 #ahff1 records x
 z synonym\s ) bo? ,e>ly ,leyd51 &      
,legge's ,wal*]5 broccoli or caulifl[]4 
,he describes x z resi/+ bo? cold & dr\?
 bett] ?an o!r v>ieties1 /em %ort1      
leaves broad1 less po9t$ & m undulat$   
?an ^? ( ! caulifl[] usually are4       
,vilmor9 describ$ x 9 #ahhc z synonym\s 
) ,wal*]5 ,broccoli1 kn[n 9 ,holl& z    
,late ,wal*]54 ,he said3 ,! late/ & mo/ 
h>dy ( ! caulifl[]s1 & !re=e int]m$iate 
betwe5 ! caulifl[]s & ! broccolis1 ) :i*
 latt] x is (t5 class$4 ,/em high &     
/rong1 leaves elongat$1 r /iff &        

upright1 abundant1 & ( a slightly grayi%
 gre54 ,! head =ms v late1 & is f9e1    
l>ge1 & v :ite1 ( f9e close gra94 ,! se$
 requires to be s[n at ,wal*]51 an isl& 
on ! coa/ ( ,holl& 9 ,april1 9 ord] to  
be c]ta9 ( head+ be=e fro/4 ,if s[n lat]
 x (t5 passes ! w9t] & heads e>ly 9 !   
spr+4  ,sibley1 9 #ahhg1 sold ?is v>iety
 "u ! "n ( ,e>ly ,wal*]51 ?\gh giv+ x ! 
usual *>act]s & season ( ! ord9>y late  
sort4 ,bui/1 9 #ahij1 m5tions x z a     
favorite1 v h>dy1 late v>iety4 ,x is    
sold by mo/ ( our se$sm51 b is less     
popul> 9 ?is c\ntry ?an 9 ,engl&4       
,sutton1 ! ,engli% se$sman1 describes x 
9 8 late/ catalogue z an excell5t       
mid-season caulifl[]4 ,x is less liable 
to button 9 dry wea!r ?an mo/ o!r       
v>ieties1 b sometimes =ms imp]fect      
heads4  ,,webb',s ,,e>ly ,,mammo?4--,a  
v>iety adv]tis$ z foll[s by ,webb  ,sons
 ( ,wordsley1 ,/\rbridge1 ,engl&1 9 ,!  
,g>d51 ,feb4 #i1 #ahgh3 ,an excell5t    
compact v>iety2 /&s ! dr\ght rem>kably  
well2 heads l>ge1 firm1 & beautifully   

:ite4 ,! be/ ( all = ! ma9 crop4        
,,well+ton4--,introduc$ ab\t #ahfj4     
,h5d]son  ,co4 describe x z ! f9e/ k9d 9
 cultivation2 pure :ite2 size ( head ov]
 two feet 9 circumf]5ce1 & z l>ge z     
?irte5 in*es diamet]2 v dw>f1 ! /em n m 
?an two or ?ree in*es f ! soil1 b )     
ample foliage2 "o ( ! h>die/ v>ieties   
kn[n1 & said to )/& well ! v>iable      
climate ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,c4 ,g4      
,&]son  ,sons ( ,engl&1 9 #ahhj1 claim$ 
x to be e>li]1 :ite1 & clos] ?an ,e>ly  
,london4  ,a writ] 9 ! ,new ,engl&      
,f>m]1 9 #ahga1 speaks ( x z l>g] ?an   
ei!r ,e>ly ,erfurt or ,e>ly ,p>is4      
,,wond]ful1 see ,?orburn's ,wond]ful4   
,,ord] ,,( ,,e>l9ess4  ,! foll[+        
v>ieties cov] ! season1 & are arrang$ 9 
! ord] ( e>l9ess1 z ne> z c be det]m9$4 
,_m well kn[n k9ds are omitt$1 & "s     
little kn[n sorts ins]t$1 ! only attempt
 be+ to =m a scale ( maturity3   ,e>ly  
,dw>f ,erfurt4  ,extra ,e>ly ,p>is4     
,e>ly ,london4  ,asiatic4  ,e>ly        
,erfurt4  ,e>ly ,p>is4  ,l5orm&         

,%ort-,/em4  ,late ,p>is4  ,/4 ,brieuc4 
,algi]s4  ,veit*'s ,autumn ,giant4      
,giant ,naples4  ,veit*'s               
,self-,protect+4  ,late ,italian ,giant4
  ,wal*]54   ,,v>iety ,,te/s4  ,,new    
,,york ,,exp]im5t ,,/ation 7,g5eva74--,9
 #ahhc ! foll[+ tw5ty-two v>ieties 7 s[n
 ,april #af1 & elev5 plants ( ea* v>iety
 set out ,may #ae4 ,"o v>iety1 h[ev]1   
,rice's ,giant ,sn[ball1 0 s[n ,may #ac1
 & set out ,june #bj4 ,treatm5t 0 ! same
 z = cabbage4                           
----------------------------------------
--------------------------              
,diamet]                                
,fir/                       ( l>ge/     
,,v>iety4          head 9   ,no4 (      
,no4 (  head 9                          
days4     plants4   heads4  in*es4      
----------------------------------------
--------------------------  ,algi]s     
#aei       #f         #e         #i     
,alg]ian ,late                #adb      
#i         #a         #f  ,b]l9 ,dw>f   
#abd       #h         #b         #e     

,c>t]'s ,defiance            #abd       
#g         #f        --  ,c>t]'s ,dw>f  
,mammo?       #abd       #f         #b  
#i  ,e>lie/ ,dw>f ,erfurt        #abd   
#aj         #d         #g  ,erfurt ,e>ly
 ,dw>f           #aca       #f          
#c         #e  ,e>ly ,dut*              
#adb       #g         #c         #f     
,e>ly ,london                 #abi      
#f         #d         #i  ,extra ,e>ly  
,p>is            #adb       #c          
#b         #i  ,g]ry ,isl&              
#acc       #c         #c         #f     
,imp]ial                     #aai       
#h         #g        #aj  ,italian      
,giant ,:ite          #age       #f     
#a        #aj  ,l>ge ,late ,london      
#abh       #f         #e         #g     
,l>ge ,:ite ,fr5*           #aje        
#h         #h         #f  ,l5orm&'s     
,%ort-,/emm'd    #abh       #e          
#e         #h  ,rice's ,giant ,sn[ball  
#aeb       #g         #a         #d     
,sn[ball                     #abh       
#e         #d         #f  ,/ad?old]     

#abh       #f         #e         #i     
,?orburn's ,wond]ful         #abh       
#d         #d         #f  ,veit*'s      
,autumn ,giant        #abh       #f     
#c         #f  ,wal*]5                  
#abh       #c         #c         #f     
----------------------------------------
--------------------------  ,9 #ahhd1 ! 
foll[+ tw5ty v>ieties 7 gr[n4 ,! se$s 7 
s[n 9 a gre5-h\se ,m>* #e & #f1 & !     
plants set out ,may #b4 ,x appe>s f !   
table t "s ( ! v>ieties call$ late1 =m$ 
heads e>li] ?an o!rs call$ e>ly4 ,!     
,l5orm& ,extra ,l>ge 0 ! e>lie/1 =m+ its
 fir/ head 9 #adi days1 ! ,lackawanna   
head+ a day lat]4 ,none ( ! heads 7     
extra l>ge3                             
----------------------------------------
---------------------                   
,fir/                                   
,,v>iety4            head 9  ,plants    
,numb] (                                
days4    surviv$4  heads4               
----------------------------------------
---------------------  ,dw>f ,erfurt    

#ahb        #d          #d  ,e>ly ,dut* 
or ,e>ly ,london      #ahj        #e    
#d  ,e>ly ,dw>f ,surprise               
#age        #f          #f  ,eclipse    
#afb        #g          #f  ,half-,e>ly 
,l>ge ,:ite ,fr5*    #aij        #i     
#f  ,half-,e>ly ,p>is                   
#aig        #h          #g  ,imp]ial    
#afj        #h          #h  ,lackawanna 
#aej        #i          #h  ,l>ge       
,algi]s                    #ahi         
#f          #c  ,l>ge ,late ,asiatic    
#aef        #d          #d  ,l>ge ,late 
,/ad?old]            --        #h       
#c  ,late ,giant ,italian               
#aed        #h          #h  ,late ,p>is 
#agj        #d          #c  ,l5orm&'s   
,extra ,l>ge          #adi        #g    
#f  ,l5orm&'s ,%ort-,/emm$        #afa  
#h          #f  ,p>is ,extra ,e>ly      
#aed        #f          #f  ,sea ,foam  
#ahb        #c          #b  ,veit*'s    
,autumn ,giant            #ahb        #f
          #c  ,v ,dw>f ,alleaume        
#ahi        #h          #f  ,wal*]5     

#ahb        #f          #d              
----------------------------------------
---------------------  ,9 #ahhe ! foll[+
 v>ieties 7 plant$ 9 ! gre5-h\se ,m>*   
#cj1 & sixte5 plants ( ea*1 ) a few     
exceptions1 transplant$ to ! g>d5 ,may  
#d4 ,! plants ( ,algi]s & ,le ,maitre   
,pi$ ,c\rt 7 transplant$ ,may #bj1 & ^? 
( ! ,wond]ful ,may #ba4 ,! plants 7 set 
9 r[s ?ree & "o-half feet ap>t1 &       
eighte5 in*es ap>t 9 ! r[s4 ,_m 7       
de/roy$ by v>i\s causes1 & ?\gh ! places
 7 twice reset !re 7 _m vacancies4  ,z w
 be se51 ,h5d]son's ,e>ly ,sn[ball 7f   
,h5d]son 9 #ahhe7 0 ! e>lie/1 =m+ ! fir/
 head ,july #h1 or n9ety-sev5 days f s[+
 ! se$4 ,! heads also 7 r above ! av]age
 9 size4 ,extra select$ ,dw>f ,erfurt 0 
! second 9 e>l9ess & e plant head$4  ,a 
notable fact br\ght out by ?is table is 
! effect ( ! e>ly plant+ on ! late &    
half-e>ly v>ieties4 ,x might be suppos$1
 z ^! v>ieties require a long season1 t 
?is e>ly plant+ w\ld give ! be/ results1
 enabl+ !m to atta9 _! full developm5t4 

,b x appe>s t x caus$ _m ( ! plants to  
head prematurely :5 small1 :ile x       
greatly prolong$ ! season ( ! v>iety4   
----------------------------------------
------------------------------          
,av]age              ,,v>iety4          
,fir/    ,no4 (   ,no4 (  diamet]       
head4    plants4  heads4  ( head4       
----------------------------------------
------------------------------  ,algi]s 
,aug4  #ad    #bb       #ai     #g-a_/b 
,alleaume                               
,sept4 #bd     #e        #d     #g      
,autumn ,giant                          
#bd    #ag       #ag     #g  ,d',alg]   
#ae    #ad       #ab     #g-a_/b  ,demi 
dur de ,/4 ,brieuc                 #ae  
#aa       #aa     #g  ,e>ly ,dut* 7dur  
d' ,holl&7      ,aug4  #be    #ab       
#h     #e  ,e>ly ,dw>f ,erfurt          
7,?orburn7     ,july  #ac    #aa        
#aa     #e-a_/b  ,e>ly ,dw>f ,erfurt    
7,vilmor97          #ac     #e        #d
     #e-a_/b  ,e>ly ,london             
,aug4  #be    #af       #ab     #g-a_/b 

,e>ly ,p>is                       ,july 
#be    #aa        #f     #e-a_/b  ,e>ly 
,picpus                      ,aug4   #e 
#ab       #aj     #h  ,e>ly ,sn[ball    
,july  #ca    #ag       #ae     #g      
,extra ,e4 ,dw'f ,erfurt 7,h5d'son7     
,sept4 #bg    #ah        #h     #f      
,extra ,e'ly ,dw'f ,erfurt 7,?orb'n7    
,july  #ac    #ab       #aa     #e-a_/b 
,extra ,e>lie/ ,p>is 7,vilmor97   ,aug4 
#aj     #g        #f     #g-a_/b  ,extra
 ,e>ly ,p>is                 ,july  #be 
#ac        #f     #f-a_/b  ,extra       
,select$ ,e'ly ,dw>f ,erfurt       #ba  
#ac       #ac     #e  ,half ,e>ly ,dw>f 
,fr5*                #be    #ab         
#g     #g-a_/b  ,half ,e>ly ,p>is       
7,?orburn7       ,aug4  #bd    #ab      
#aa     #f-a_/b  ,half ,e>ly ,p>is      
7,vilmor97       ,sept4 #ae    #aa      
#aa     #g  ,h5d]son's ,e>ly ,sn[ball   
,july   #h    #ab        #i     #g-a_/b 
,imp]ial                          ,aug4 
#aj    #aj        #h     #f-a_/b        
,l&re?'s ,fir/                  ,july   

#ac     #f        #e     #e-a_/b  ,l>ge 
,e>ly ,london                ,oct4  #bg 
#ad        #d     #f  ,l>ge ,late       
,asiatic                ,aug4  #be      
#aa        #g     #h  ,late ,giant      
,naples                 ,oct4  #ag      
#e        #c     #d  ,late ,p>is        
,aug4  #ab    #aj        #g     #g-a_/b 
,late ,/ad?old]                  ,oct4  
#g    #aa        #f     #e-a_/b  ,le    
,maitre ,pi$ ,c\rt              ,aug4   
#ad    #ae       #ac     #g  ,l5orm&    
,sept4 #ae    #ab       #aj     #f-a_/b 
,l5'm'd ,%ort-/em'd 7,h5d'son7   ,aug4  
#ad    #bj       #aa     #f  ,l5'm'd    
,%ort-/em'd 7,vilmor97   ,july  #be     
#ab        #g     #g  ,purple ,cape     
7,noir de ,sicilie7     ,aug4  #aj      
#ab        #h     #f-a_/b  ,?orburn's   
,nonp>eil                   #ad     #g  
#f     #h-a_/b  ,veit*'s ,autumn ,giant 
,sept4 #bd    #ac       #aa     #g-a_/b 
,wal*]5 7,h5d]son7                   #a 
#d        #d     #g-a_/b  ,wal*]5       
7,vilmor97              ,aug4   #e      

#f        #f     #g  ,wond]ful          
,oct4  #bg     #g        #f     #f      
----------------------------------------
-----------------------------  ,! foll[+
 e>ly v>ieties 7 te/$ 9 #ahhh4 ,! se$s 7
 all s[n ,may #aj1 & ! plants set out   
,june #bc1 two by ?ree & "o-half feet4  
,all ! v>ieties head$ well1 except "o   
call$ ,e>ly1 f ! ,engli% ,specialty &   
,novelty ,se$ ,co41 :i* =m$ no heads4   
----------------------------------------
-------------------------               
,se$s      ,no4 (   ,no4 (  ,fit =      
,,v>iety4            f4      plants4    
heads4  table use4                      
----------------------------------------
-------------------------  ,dre]'s ,e'/ 
,sn[/orm  ,dre]4          #aa        #h 
,sept4 #bd  ,e>lie/ ,dw>f ,erfurt       
,vaughn4          #i        #e          
#f  ,extra ,e4 ,dw>f ,erfurt            
,till+ha/4     #i        #d         #bi 
,gilt-edge ,sn[ball      ,?orburn4      
#ab       #aj    ,aug4  #be  ,h5d]son's 
,e4 ,sn[b'l  ,h5d]son4      #ab         

#h    ,sept4  #f  ,long ,isl& ,beauty   
,till+ha/4    #aa        #h         #ad 
,long ,isl& ,beauty      ,bragg4        
#ab       #aa    ,aug4  #be  ,new ,e>ly 
,padilla       ,till+ha/4    #aa        
#h         #bi                          
----------------------------------------
-------------------------  ,at ! same   
/ation1 9 #ahhi1 ! foll[+ v>ieties 7    
te/$4 ,! se$ 0 s[n 9 frames ,april #bc1 
& ! plants set out ,june #bb4 ,! ,e>ly  
,erfurt & ,e>ly ,sn[ball 7 f se$ gr[n by
 ,h4 ,a4 ,m>*1 ( ,fidalgo1 ,wa%+ton4    
----------------------------------------
----------------                        
,numb]  ,fit =  ,numb]                  
,se$   (      table    (      ,av]age   
,,v>iety4     f   ,plants  use          
heads   diamet]                         
----------------------------------------
----------------                        
,in*es  ,e>ly ,puritan  ,f]ry4    #bj   
,aug4 #ba    #ac     #e-a_/b  ,e>ly     
,erfurt   ,m>*4    #bj        #bb    #ai
     #h-a_/b  ,sn[ball4      ,m>*4      

#bj        #bd    #bj     #g-a_/b       
,vick's ,ideal   ,vick4     #bj         
#cj    #bj     #g                       
----------------------------------------
----------------  ,! season ( #ahhi 0   
uncommonly favorable = ! caulifl[]1 & x 
w be se5 f ! above table t ^! v>ieties  
head$ ) great] uni=mity & f two to f\r  
weeks e>li] ?an ! same or simil>        
v>ieties ! prec$+ ye>4  ,,colorado      
,,exp]im5t ,,/ation 7,=t ,coll9s74--,!  
foll[+ report1 slightly cond5s$1 f !    
report ( ! ,colorado exp]im5t /ation =  
#ahhh1 w be useful = comp>ison3 ,se$ (  
sixte5 v>ieties ( caulifl[] 0 s[n ,april
 #ab 9 hot-b$ & transplant$ to ! op5    
gr\nd ,may #g4 ,!y 7 irrigat$ at plant+ 
"t1 & on ,may #ad & #bh1 ,june #aa1     
,july #e & #bj1 ,augu/ #c & #ae & on    
,septemb] #e4 ,! area 9 crop 0 "o-?ird (
 an acre & ! /& ne>ly p]fect4 ,! plants 
7 ho$ twice & cultivat$ six times4 ,!   
soil1 a clay loam1 0 lack+ 9 f]tility = 
! be/ culture ( ! cabbage & ! caulifl[]4
 ,( ! v>ieties gr[n1 ,h5d]son's ,sn[ball

 0 ! be/1 ) ! latt]'s ,erfurt a good    
second4 ,^! two types1 :5 well select$1 
are ! only ones t c be reli$ ^u to give 
pr(itable results 9 ,colorado4  ,x w be 
notic$ 9 ! table t ,e>ly ,p>is & ,e>ly  
,london1 two v>ieties :i* h long be5    
popul> at ! ,ea/1 entirely fail$ to     
head4                                   
----------------------------------------
--------------------------------        
,,v>iety4      ,se$ f ,mature           
,,rem>ks4                               
----------------------------------------
--------------------------------  ,e>ly 
,sn[ball4     ,h5d]son4,july #bj4 ,heads
 compact1 v :ite1 leaves                
small]1 v uni=m4  ,extra ,e4 ,erfurt4   
,h5d]son4,aug4  #f4 ,heads fairly solid 
& :ite1                                 
leaves l>ge4  ,extra ,e>ly ,p>is4       
,l&re?4 ,aug4 #bd4 ,heads solid & :ite1 
leaves                                  
v l>ge4  ,e>ly ,p>is4        ,f]ry4     
,no heads =m$4  ,e>ly ,sn[ball4         
,l&re?4 ,aug4  #f4 ,heads compact1 v    

:ite1 plant                             
dw>f1 small leaves4  ,g]ry ,isl&4       
,gregory4           ,no heads =m$4      
,select ,dw>f ,erfurt ,l&re?4 ,july     
#bd4;,heads l>ge & compact1 v           
:ite & uni=m4  ,burpee's ,e>lie/4       
,burpee4   ,july  #cj4;,heads compact & 
:ite1 leaves                            
l>ge4  ,l5orm&4          ,l&re?4 ,sept4 
#bj4;,heads solid & :ite1 plant         
vigor\s & dw>f4  ,long ,isl'd ,beauty4  
,l[4      ,aug4  #bd4;,heads loose1     
yell[i% :ite1                           
inf]ior /ock4  ,algi]s4                 
,l&re?4 ,oct4  #aj4;,heads solid & l>ge1
 plant                                  
vigor\s1 leaves v l>ge4  ,wal*]54       
,l&re?4          ,no heads =m$4  ,l>ge  
,l4 ,dut*4     ,l&re?4 ,oct4            
#aj4;,heads fairly compact1 plant       
vigor\s  l>ge4  ,late ,london4          
,f]ry4             ,no heads =m$4       
,l&re?'s ,fir/4   ,l&re?4 ,aug4         
#bd4;,heads solid1 v :ite1 (            
sup]ior quality4  ,vick's ,ideal4       

,l[4      ,aug4   #f4;,heads solid1     
yell[i% :ite1                           
leaves l>ge4                            
----------------------------------------
--------------------------------        
,,mi*igan ,,exp]im5t ,,/ation           
7,lans+74--,! ,mi*igan exp]im5t /ation  
is connect$ ) ! ,agricultural ,college1 
locat$ at ,lans+1 at ! geographical     
c5tre ( ! ,l[] ,p59sula4 ,x is1 !re=e1  
remote f any l>ge body ( wat]1 & al?\gh 
! soil 9 t portion ( ! /ate is ma9ly a  
/rong loam suitable = caulifl[]1 x is   
only 9 favorable seasons t good         
caulifl[]s c be obta9$4  ,9 !           
exceptionally favorable season ( #ahhi1 
"s ( ! sorts !n prom95tly be=e ! public1
 7 gr[n at ! college1 all ( :i* gave v  
good results1 ) ! exception ( ,autumn   
,giant1 :i* fail$ to g]m9ate4 ,!        
,am]ican gr[n se$s1 f ,h4 ,a4 ,m>*1 (   
,fidalgo1 ,wa%+ton1 7 l>ge & plump &    
gave /rong vigor\s plants1 & z good or  
bett] results ?an is usually obta9$ f   
import$ se$4 ,! foll[+ v>ieties 7 s[n   

,m>* #ac1 & set out ,may #ad4 ,x 0      
difficult to detect any diff]5ce betwe5 
,puritan1 ,gilt ,edge1 ,d5m>k1 ,prize   
,e>lie/1 ,be/ ,e>ly1 ,sn[ball1 &        
,erfurt1 z !y %[$ less v>iation ?an     
appe>$ betwe5 ! same sorts f diff]5t    
se$sm54  ,! title edible maturity 9 !   
table ref]s to ! p]iod at :i* ! heads   
might be cut = "o's own use1 t is :5 !y 
_h atta9$ ! size ( "o's two fi/s4       
,m>ketable maturity is :5 !y _h complet$
 _! gr[? & w\ld rema9 solid no long]4   
----------------------------------------
-------------------------------         
,appe>ance (                    ,p] c5t 
"y plants1  ,edible  ,m>k't'ble=m+      
,v>ieties4       ,s\rce4 ,m>* #bi4      
,maturity,maturity4 heads4              
----------------------------------------
-------------------------------         
,burpee's ,be/ ,e>ly  ,burpee4  ,small2 
ev54    ,aug4  #e ,aug4  #aj    #ajj    
,d5m>k              ,vaughn4  ,good2    
ev54     ,july #bf ,aug4  #aj     #hc   
,e>lie/ ,dw>f ,erfurt,maule4   ,good2   

ev54     ,aug4 #bg ,sept4 #ad     #fg   
,erfurt ,e>lie/ ,dw>f,m>*4   ,small2    
ev54    ,aug4 #aj ,aug4  #bg     #ib    
,e>ly ,sn[ball       ,h5d]son,v weak2   
,aug4  #e ,aug4  #aj    #ajj            
unev54                          ,e>ly   
,puritan        ,f]ry4   ,small2 ev54   
,aug4  #g ,aug4  #ac     #ib  ,gilt     
,edge            ,?orburn4,weak2 unev54 
,july #bf ,aug4   #h     #ic  ,maule's  
,prize        ,maule4   ,small2 some:at 
,july #bd ,aug4   #h     #hc    ,e>lie/ 
unev54                          ,sn[ball
             ,m>*4   ,good2 ev54        
,july #bd ,aug4   #h    #ajj            
----------------------------------------
-------------------------------   ,,!   
,,be/ ,,v>ieties4  ,! po9ts to consid] 9
 select+ v>ieties are fir/1 e>l9ess or  
"t ( maturity2 second1 ! c]ta9ty ( _!   
=m+ good heads4 ,! importance ( hav+    
well gr[n se$ has already be5 m5tion$4  
,?is be+ secur$1 ! *oice ( v>ieties is  
l>gely a matt] ( circum/ances4 ,a v>iety
 :i* is good = "o climate1 or = "o      

purpose1 may n be good = ano!r4 ,= !    
e>ly crop1 an acc\nt ( :i* has already  
be5 giv51 ! e>lie/ v>iety obta9able %\ld
 be us$1 z our spr+s at ! ,nor? are %ort
 en\gh at be/4 ,! ,e>lie/ ,dw>f ,erfurt 
/ra9s include ne>ly all ! e>lie/        
v>ieties n[ gr[n1 &1 = ?is c\ntry1 at   
lea/1 are ! be/4 ,! typical v>iety is   
usually sold "u ! "n ,extra ,e>ly ,dw>f 
,erfurt1 & if prop]ly select$ se$ is    
secur$1 ?is is ne>ly or q z e>ly z any (
 ! /ra9s :i* h receiv$ special names4   
,among ! be/ ( ^! latt] are ,h5d]son's  
,sn[ball1 ,?orburn's ,gilt ,edge1 &     
,vick's ,ideal1 ! latt] a little ! l>ge/
 & late/4 ,= gr[+ "u glass ! fir/ two ( 
^! v>ieties are z good z any4 ,! e>lie/ 
v>ieties are n[ (t5 gr[n also = ! fall  
crop1 p>ticul>ly at ! ,nor?1 by be+ s[n 
late4 ,_! great] c]ta9ty to head on "t1 
& ! increas$ numb] t c be gr[n on an    
acre1 r5d]s !m especially valuable4  ,a 
v>iety :i* 9 ! pa/ has giv5 ! mo/ g5]al 
satisfaction = ! fall crop is ,e>ly     
,p>is4 ,( ! lat] matur+ v>ieties1       

,veit*'s ,autumn ,giant & ,l5orm&       
,%ort-/em1 h be51 & are /ill1 popul>1   
especially at ! ,s\?4 ,at pres5t        
probably m ?an ?ree-f\r?s ( ! caulifl[]s
 gr[n 9 ?is c\ntry are ( ! new v>ieties 
( ! ,dw>f ,erfurt gr\p4 ,= ! ,nor?1     
especially1 ^! are n[ ! mo/ reliable &  
are increas+ 9 popul>ity4     ,,*apt]   
,,ix4  ,,broccoli4   ,! ,broccolis are s
 simil> to ! caulifl[]s t "s acc\nt ( !m
 may be expect$ 9 a treatise on ! latt] 
vegetable4 ,9 fact1 no important        
/ructural diff]5ce betwe5 ! two         
vegetables exi/s1 ! broccolis be+ m]ely 
a m robu/ & h>dy gr\p ( v>ieties1       
requir+ a long] p]iod = developm5t1 &   
adapt$1 9 mild climates1 to cultivation 
dur+ ! w9t]4 ,!y are1 9 fact1 (t5 call$ 
w9t] caulifl[]s4 ,!y receive b little   
att5tion 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 :]e ! w9t]s1
 at lea/ at ! nor?1 9 ! vic9ity ( !     
lead+ m>kets1 are too sev]e = ! out-door
 gr[? ( vegetables ( any k9d4 ,= ?is    
reason caulifl[]s1 :i* come to maturity 
9 a s+le season1 are gr[n in/ead4 ,!    

supply ( ^! two vegetables1 !re=e1 :i* 9
 we/]n ,europe1 by means ( successive   
s[+s ( v>ieties ( bo? caulifl[]s &      
broccolis1 may be ma9ta9$ ! ye> r\nd1 is
 "h1 ow+ to ! conditions ( our climate1 
conf9$ *iefly to ! seasons ( ! ye> 9 :i*
 caulifl[] c be obta9$4  ,al?\gh no %>p 
di/9ctions c be drawn betwe5 broccolis &
 caulifl[]s1 !re are c]ta9 g5]al        
diff]5ces :i* sep>ate !m4 ,z has be5    
said1 ! broccolis are all ( !m h>di] ?an
 ! caulifl[]s1 & require a long] "t 9   
:i* to develop1 s t 9 climates hav+ mild
 w9t]s !y are usually treat$ z bi5nials4
 ,9 ,france1 ! se$ :i* is s[n ab\t !    
fir/ ( ,may gives plants :i* head !     
foll[+ spr+ be=e ! e>ly caulifl[]s come 
94 ,! plants are sometimes enabl$ to    
pass ! w9t] m safely by be+ tak5 up &   
plant$ aga9 9 a slant+ position4  ,9 !  
appe>ance ( ! heads no diff]5ce exi/s   
betwe5 caulifl[]s & broccolis1 except t 
! latt] are usually small]1 less        
compact1 & sometimes purple or sulphur  
color$4 ,all caulifl[]s 7) "o or two    

exceptions71 h :ite compact heads4 ,!   
/ems ( ! broccolis are usually tall] ?an
 ^? ( caulifl[]s1 ! leaves m num]\s1    
l>g]1 /iff]1 b m undulat$1 m r\nd$ at ! 
apex1 & m frequ5tly hav+ a di/9ct /em or
 petiole4 ,! mid-ribs & pr9cipal ve9s   
are l>ge & :ite1 except 9 v>ieties hav+ 
color$ heads1 :5 !y h ! same color z !  
head4 ,! color ( ! leaves is always m   
glauc\s1 t is1 ( a d>k] & m blui% gre51 
?an is usual 9 ! caulifl[]s4            
,broccolis1 especially ! color$         
v>ieties1 are sometimes said to be m    
t5d] 9 texture & f9] 9 flavor ?an !     
caulifl[]s4 ,?is1 h[ev]1 is due only to 
! fact t !y usually head 9 cool wea!r4  
,:5 gr[n "u ! same conditions !         
caulifl[]s are mild] ?an ! broccolis1 & 
al?\gh to "s ta/es ! m pron\nc$ flavor (
 ! latt] may be pref]r$1 mo/ p]sons use 
broccoli only because 9 ! w9t] season   
fre% caulifl[]s _c be obta9$4  ,ne>ly e 
"o pref]s caulifl[] to broccoli1 & !    
mild :ite v>ieties to ! color$ v>ieties 
( ! latt] vegetable4 ,broccolis         

sometimes acquire a bitt] ta/e1 ! cause 
( :i* is n kn[n4 ,! me?ods ( us+ ! two  
vegetables are ! same1 except t ! bran*+
 or spr\t+ broccolis are also cook$ l   
asp>agus4  ,! e>ly hi/ory ( ! broccoli  
has already be5 treat$ 9 connection ) t 
( ! caulifl[]4  ,! numb] ( v>ieties (   
broccoli 9 cultivation is probably      
some:at less ?an ^? ( ! caulifl[]1 b !  
diff]5ces betwe5 ! v>ieties !mselves are
 great]4 ,messrs4 ,sutton  ,sons1 (     
,read+1 ,engl&1 catalogue ?irty-six     
v>ieties ( broccoli & only elev5 (      
caulifl[]4 ,mo/ ( ^! v>ieties orig9at$ 9
 ,engl&1 :]e broccoli is m l>gely gr[n  
?an any:]e else4 ,two gr\ps ( broccolis 
may be recogniz$1 ! spr\t+ broccolis1   
:i* d n =m compact heads1 & ! improv$   
v>ieties ) well =m$ heads1 kn[n z       
caulifl[] broccolis4 ,! latt] diff] b   
little 9 any way f true caulifl[]s4  ,! 
requirem5ts ( cultivation = ! broccolis 
are practically ! same z ^? =           
caulifl[]s4 ,_! value dep5ds ma9ly on _!
 great] h>d9ess1 & on ?is acc\nt !y are 

likely1 at ! ,s\? :]e ! w9t]s are mild  
en\gh1 to become m ext5sively cultivat$4
 ,!y d n1 h[ev]1 endure hot wea!r z well
 z caulifl[]s1 & on ?is acc\nt x is     
d\btful if !y ev] become z l>gely gr[n  
any:]e 9 ?is c\ntry z !y are 9 ,engl&4  
,! "q ( protect+ !m 9 w9t]1 & ! am\nt & 
k9d ( protection ne$$1 dep5d ( c\rse on 
! sev]ity ( ! w9t]s4 ,9 ,nor!rn         
,florida1 :]e caulifl[]s are liable to  
be kill$ dur+ w9t]1 broccolis w /& out  
)\t any protection4 ,9 localities :]e b 
little protection is requir$1 x may be  
af=d$ by loos5+ ! roots & turn+ ! plants
 d[n ^u _! sides4 ,if m protection is   
ne$$ !y may be tak5 up & set 9 tr5*es & 
p>tly cov]$ ) /raw & bo>ds4 ,broccolis  
/& %ipm5t bett] ?an caulifl[]s4 ,?is is 
n only because !y are g5]ally h&l$ 9    
cold] wea!r1 b because !y are some:at   
co>s] & firm] 9 texture4 ,!y d n sell = 
q s good a price z caulifl[]s4 ,!re are 
sev5 v>ieties catalogu$ by ,am]ican     
se$sm51 ( :i* ! ,e>ly ,purple ,cape is !
 be/ adapt$ to our climate4     ,,*apt] 

,x4  ,,cook+ ,,caulifl[]4       ,( all !
 fl[]s 9 ! g>d51 ,i l ! ,caulifl[]      
be/4 ,,dr4 ,,samuel ,,johnson4  ,dr4    
,johnson appreciat$ good liv+1 & !re=e x
 is n surpris+ t he %\ld h left on      
record ?is tribute to ! mo/ delicate &  
f9ely flavor$ ( all ! cabbage family4   
,caulifl[] is s r>ely se5 9 m>ket 9 !   
,unit$ ,/ates1 except 9 l>ge cities1 t  
comp>atively few ( our p are accu/om$ to
 us+ x4 ,on ?is acc\nt a v>iety (       
receipts = cook+ caulifl[] are "h giv51 
9 ord] to make ! me?ods ( us+ ?is       
excell5t vegetable m widely kn[n4       
,am]icans1 especially1 ne$ to become    
famili> ) its use2 = to ! ,engli%1      
,fr5*1 & ,g]mans1 :o h kn[n x 9 ! ,old  
,_w1 x ne$s no introduction4  ,caulifl[]
 l5ds itself readily to bo? pla9 & fancy
 me?ods ( cook+4 ,x is easy ( dige/ion1 
& is an especial favorite ) ^? :o1 f any
 reason1 are unable to readily dige/    
cabbage4 ,besides1 x is m nutriti\s ?an 
! cabbage1 & x is n exce$$ 9 ?is        
p>ticul> by any o!r g>d5 vegetable4  ,! 

foll[+ tables %[ ! comp>ative           
composition ( fre% cabbage & caulifl[]1 
& ! composition ( ! a% ( ! latt]4 ,x w  
be notic$ t ! p]c5tage ( a% &           
indige/ible fibre is l[ 9 ! caulifl[]1 &
 ! am\nt ( nitrog5\s & />*y matt] high4 
,,analysis ,,( ,,cabbage ,,&            
,,caulifl[]4 7,ko5ig's ,nohrungsmittel1 
pp4 #gae1 #gag74                        
----------------------------------------
---------                               
,cabbage4  ,caulifl[]4                  
----------------------------------------
---------  ,wat]                        
#hi4ig       #ij4hg  ,nitrog5\s bodies  
#a4hi        #b4dh  ,fat                
#j4bj        #j4cd  ,sug>               
#b4bi        #a4ba  ,nitrog5 free       
extract        #b4eh        #c4cd       
7/>*1 dextr9e1 etc47             ,fib]  
#a4hd        #j4ia  ,a%                 
#a4bc        #j4hc                      
----------------------------------------
---------   ,,analysis ,,( ,,caulifl[]  
,,a%4 7,:itn]'s ,g>d5+ 9 ,florida74     

,potassa                     #cd4ci     
,soda                        #ad4gi     
,lime                         #b4if     
,magnesia                     #b4ch     
,sulphuric ,acid              #aa4af    
,silicic ,acid                 #a4ib    
,phosphoric ,acid             #be4hg    
,phosphate ( ,iron            #c4fg     
,*loride ( ,sodium           #b4gh      
,caulifl[] is n :olly free f ! odor :i* 
r5d]s ! cook+ ( cabbage s unpleasant1 b 
9 ?is respect x is mu* less             
objectionable ?an cabbage4 ,z ) cabbage1
 ?is odor is 9 "s cases m m>k$ ?an 9    
o!rs1 dep5d+ on ! "* ( ! soil1 & !      
quantity & nature ( ! manure us$4 ,a    
small piece ( r$ pepp] add$ to ! wat] 9 
:i* caulifl[] or cabbage is boil$       
prev5ts to a l>ge ext5t ?is unpleasant  
odor & improves _! flavor4 ,to obviate !
 /rong flavor :i* ^! vegetables acquire 
:5 l>ge quantities ( /able manure are   
us$ ! heads %\ld be p>boil$ 9 ! morn+ ( 
! day on :i* !y are want$4 ,!y are !n   
put on a hair sieve & plac$ 9 ! l>d]4   

,tw5ty m9utes be=e !y are want$ = !     
table !y are to be reboil$ /eadily until
 ! /rong ta/e is gone4  ,:5 caulifl[]s  
are pres]v$ 9 a %$ or cell> !y (t5      
become m or less wilt$ & /rong 9 flavor1
 & c !n be r5d]$ palatable only by cutt+
 !m (f f ! /alks on ! previ\s day & ?r[+
 !m into cold1 salt$ wat]1 frequ5tly    
*ang+ x until !y are want$2 9 ?is way ! 
heads become plump$ up1 & ! /rong       
disagreeable smell & ta/e :i* !y h      
acquir$ is 9 "s degree remov$2 b ev5 "u 
! mo/ c>eful treatm5t !y lose _! f9e1   
:ite caulifl[] color4  ,to remove any   
cat]pill>s or o!r insects :i* may h f\nd
 lodgm5t 9 ! caulifl[] head x %\ld be   
exam9$ z c>efully z possible1 op5+ x a  
little if necess>y4 ,x %\ld !n be plac$ 
top d[n 9 cold salt wat] = an h\r2 or1  
bett] /ill1 9 cold wat] & v9eg>4 ,?is is
 believ$ to be p>ticul>ly effective 9   
dislodg+ any insect life t may be       
pres5t4 ,if ! heads seem badly infe/$1  
h[ev]1 :i* !y seldom are1 ! only safe   
way is to break !m up be=e cook+4  ,9   

cook+ ! heads :ole1 :i* is a favorite   
me?od1 c>e is ne$$ n to boil too long1 s
 z to cause ! head to come to pieces4   
,to prev5t any dang] ( break+ ! head 9  
cook+1 x %\ld be wrapp$ 9 *eese clo? or 
o!r simil> mat]ial1 9 :i* x is to be    
h&l$4  ,caulifl[] is 9 season 9 ?is     
c\ntry f ,june until ,decemb]1 b is mo/ 
abundant dur+ ! mon? ( ,octob]4 ,^? f\nd
 9 m>ket dur+ ! hotte/ summ] mon?s are  
apt to be d>k 9 color1 some:at /rong 9  
flavor1 & fill$ ) small leaves4         
,broccoli is cook$ 9 ne>ly all cases    
precisely z caulifl[]4  ,porcela9 l9$ or
 simil>ly gu>d$ pots %\ld be us$ 9 :i*  
to cook ^! vegetables1 z iron is liable 
to imp>t to !m a d>k color4  ,! use (   
e>!nw>e vessels 9 :i* to cook vegetables
 ( ! cabbage tribe is recomm5d$ z foll[s
 by a writ] 9 ! ,am]ican ,g>d53  ,to h  
any ( ! ,brassicae 9 prop] flavor we mu/
 g to ! ,g]man h\sewives & le>n ( !m to 
cook cabbage1 caulifl[]1 etc41 9 e>!nw>e
 in/ead ( metal4 ,! ,g]man pott]s make  
/\t boil]s1 l huge bean-pots1 t hold six

 or eight cabbages1 = re/aurant cook+1 &
 !y are q a diff]5t vegetable treat$ 9  
?is way4 ,try ! exp]im5t2 put a cabbage 
9 a /one j> ) pl5ty ( wat]1 cov] tight &
 boil till t5d]4 ,i ?9k x does n take z 
long to cook 9 ?is way z 9 ord9>y       
kettles1 ! /eady mild heat s(t5+ !      
tissues m /eadily ?an ! op5 boil+4 ,&   
!re is little or no smell to cabbage or 
onions cook$ 9 a close /one pot 9 ! ov54
 ,a cabbage bak$ 9 its own /eam 9 su* a 
pot & s]v$ ) hot v9eg> & butt] is a     
high-flavor$ di%4  ,a writ] 9 ! ,rural  
,new ,york] sums up ! prime requirem5ts 
9 cook+ caulifl[] z foll[s3  ,f\r rules 
nev] to be deviat$ f may be laid d[n3   
fir/1 t ! caulifl[] is to be soak$ 9    
salt & wat] = at lea/ a half h\r be=e   
cook+1 9 ord] to drive out any insects  
or worms t may be lurk+ among ! fl[]ets2
 second1 7if to be boil$7 :5 ready =    
cook+ ! vegetable is to be plung$ into  
salt$1 ?or\ghly boil+ wat]2 ?ird1 x is n
 to be cook$ a mom5t aft] x becomes     
t5d]2 f\r?1 to be s]v$ z soon z done4   

,neglect ( any ( ^! po9ts is sure to    
result 9 failure1 :ile a c>eful foll[+ (
 !m w give a :olesome1 delicate di%1 &  
"o t w be eat5 ) gu/o & rememb]$ )      
pleasure4  ,a v simple me?od ( s]v+     
caulifl[] is ) milk & butt]1 aft] !     
mann] ( cabbage1 b a m elaborate :ite   
sauce g5]ally accompanies x4 ,?is is !  
famili> drawn butt] sauce1 to :i* may be
 add$ a little v9eg> or lemon juice1 to 
give piquancy ( flavor4 ,sometimes ?is  
sauce is v>i$ by add+ milk or cream to !
 fl\r & butt]1 :5 x is call$ cream      
sauce4  ,! receipts giv5 bel[ are *iefly
 f ! foll[+ f\r rec5t works on cook]y3  
,good ,liv+1 by ,s>a ,van ,bur5         
,brugi]e2 ,g4 ,p4 ,putnam's ,sons1 ,new 
,york & ,london1 #ahij4  ,! ,buckeye    
,cook-,book2 ,buckeye ,publi%+ ,company1
 ,m9neapolis1 #ahhg4  ,our ,home        
,cyclop$ia1 by ,edg> ,s4 ,d>l+2         
,m]cantile ,publi%+ ,company1 ,detroit1 
#ahhi4  ,mrs4 ,a4 ,b4 ,m>%all's ,cook]y 
,book2 ,m>%all's ,s*ool ( ,cook]y1      
,london1 #ahhh4  #a4 ,,boil$ 7,g>d5]'s  

,text ,book74--,! head %\ld be cut ) mo/
 ( ! surr\nd+ leaves atta*$1 :i* are to 
be trimm$ (f :5 ! "t comes = cook+4 ,let
 x lie half an h\r 9 salt & wat]1 & !n  
boil x 9 fre% wat] = fifte5 or tw5ty    
m9utes1 until a =k w easily ent] ! /em4 
,milk & wat] are bett] ?an wat] alone a 
little sweet milk t5ds to keep ! heads  
:ite4 ,s]ve ) sauce1 gravy or melt$     
butt]4  #b4 ,,boil$ 7,am]ican           
,agriculturi/74--,boil 9 wat]1 slightly 
salt$--nev] ) meat4 ,:5 t5d]1 :i* w     
usually be ) tw5ty m9utes cook+1 take up
 & dra9 & cov] ) drawn butt] 7:ite      
sauce1 made ) butt]1 fl\r & wat]7 & s]ve
 hot4 ,!y are usually eat5 )\t o!r      
addition1 b "s dress ) pepp] & v9eg>--! 
same z !y d cabbage4  #c4 ,,boil$ 7,good
 ,liv+74--,trim (f ! outside leaves1    
leav+ "o r[ ar\nd ! fl[]4 ,cut an ,x 9 !
 /alk4 ,h a l>ge pot ( boil+ wat] on !  
fire4 ,add en\gh milk to :it5 ! wat]2   
also "o level teaspoonful ( salt4 ,!    
caulifl[] %\ld be left 9 v9eg> & wat] = 
tw5ty to ?irty m9utes be=e boil+4 ,?is  

sy/em is suppos$ to draw out any insects
 t may lurk )94 ,dra9 x ?or\ghly2 tie x 
loosely 9 a piece ( *eese-clo? l>ge     
en\gh to cov] x entirely4 ,put x into ! 
boil+ wat]1 :i* mu/ cov] x well4 ,let x 
boil until q t5d]1 b be c>eful t x does 
n g to pieces4 ,z caulifl[]s v>y v mu* 9
 size1 only a g5]al idea ( ! "t requir$ 
c be giv54 ,"o ( ord9>y size w take ab\t
 =ty m9utes1 p]haps m4 ,:5 cook$ lift x 
out by ! *eese-clo?1 dra9 v ?or\ghly1 & 
set 9 a r\nd di%4 ,make a cream sauce   
7,no4 #db71 p\r x ov] ! caulifl[]1 cov]1
 & let x /& = a few m9utes = ! sauce to 
p5etrate4 ,!n s]ve4 ,or1 if a h&some    
specim5 successfully boil$1 s]ve x 9 a  
r\nd di% ) a :ite sauce 7,no4 #da7 s]v$ 
sep>ately 9 a sauce-boat4 ,add a squeeze
 ( lemon juice to ! sauce be=e s]v+4    
,small caulifl[]s w n require m ?an     
?irty m9utes to boil4  #d4 ,,boil$      
7,buckeye ,cook ,book74--,to ea* two    
qu>ts ( wat] all[ a heap+ teaspoon (    
salt2 *oose close & :ite caulifl[]2 trim
 (f decay$ outside leaves1 & cut /ock (f

 flat at bottom4 ,op5 fl[] a little 9   
places to remove insects1 :i* are       
g5]ally f\nd ar\nd ! /alk1 & let        
caulifl[]s lie ) head d[nw>d 9 salt &   
wat] = two h\rs previ\s to dress+ !m1   
:i* w effectually draw out all v]m94 ,!n
 put 9 boil+ wat]1 add+ salt 9 above    
proportion1 & boil briskly = fifte5 or  
tw5ty m9utes ov] a good fire1 keep+     
saucepan uncov]$4 ,wat] %\ld be well    
skimm$1 & :5 caulifl[]s are t5d]1 take  
up1 dra91 & if l>ge en\gh1 place upright
 9 a di%2 s]ve ) pla9 melt$ butt]1 a    
little ( :i* may be p\r$ ov] ! fl[]s2 or
 a :ite sauce may be us$1 made z foll[s3
 ,put butt] size ( an egg into saucepan1
 & :5 x bubbles /ir 9 a scant half      
teacup ( fl\r2 /ir well ) an egg-:isk   
until cook$2 !n add two teacups ( ?9    
cream1 "s pepp] & salt4 ,/ir x ov] !    
fire until p]fectly smoo?4 ,p\r ! sauce 
ov] ! caulifl[] & s]ve4 ,_m let !       
caulifl[] simm] 9 ! same sauce a few    
mom5ts be=e s]v+4  ,caulifl[] is        
delici\s s]v$ z a g>ni% ar\nd spr+      

*ick51 or ) fri$ sweet-breads1 :5 ! :ite
 sauce %\ld be p\r$ ov] bo?4 ,9 ?is case
 x %\ld be made by add+ ! cream1 fl\r & 
season+ to ! little grease 7half a      
teaspoon7 t is left aft] fry+ ! *ick5s  
or sweet-breads4  #e4 ,,bak$ 7,buckeye  
,cook ,book74--,prep>e z = boil+1 &     
p>boil five m9utes2 cut into pieces &   
put into a pie di%2 add a little milk1  
season ) salt1 pepp] & butt]2 cov] )    
dry1 grat$ *eese1 & bake4  #f4 ,,/eam$  
7,mrs4 ,m4 ,p4 ,a4 ,crozi]74--,lay !    
nicely prep>$ caulifl[] head 9 ! deep   
di% f :i* x is to be s]v$ at table1     
spr9kle salt ov] x1 place x 9 ! /eam]1  
cov] closely1 & /eam till t5d]4 ,remove 
to ! table1 & p\r ov] x ri*1 sweet      
cream1 slightly salt$ & heat$4  #g4     
,,/ew$ 7,g>d5]'s ,*ronicle74--,cut up   
y\r caulifl[] into sprigs ( conv5i5t    
size to s]ve ) a tablespoon1 & ?r[ !m   
into cold wat] an h\r be=e cook+4 ,to   
/ew !m1 h a /\t1 iron /ewpan1           
:ite-enamell$ inside--an ord9>y t9      
saucepan or boil] w h>dly d4 ,put a l>ge

 lump ( butt] into y\r /ewpan z y set x 
ov] a g5tle fire2 in/ead ( butt] y may  
use ! fat tak5 f ! top ( cold roa/ meat 
gravy--t ( beef or veal is pref]able to 
t ( mutton4 ,z ! grease melts1 /ir into 
x an onion *opp$ v f9e1 & a little fl\r 
& wat]2 cont9ue /irr+ until ! :ole is   
nicely br[n$2 !n put 9 y\r sprigg$      
caulifl[]1 add+ only j en\gh wat] or    
bro? to cook x2 season lightly ) pepp] &
 salt1 & a v light du/ ( grat$ nutmeg1  
if n disapprov$2 let x /ew g5tly till   
p]fectly t5d]2 :5 done ! gravy %\ld be s
 r$uc$ z to be no m 9 quantity ?an is   
want$ to s]ve z sauce ) ! vegetable2 =  
?is reason ! salt mu/ be us$ ) great    
mod]ation1 o!rwise1 by conc5tration1 !  
gravy w\ld be conv]t$ into br9e2 transf]
 ! caulifl[] f ! /ewpan to a hot di%1 & 
p\r ! r$uc$ gravy ov] x4  ,note t by ?is
 me?od no?+ is lo/4 ,! natural &        
nutritive juices ( ! vegetable1 ! sug> &
 album51 are reta9$ in/ead ( be+ drawn  
out & dilut$ by boil+ 9 sev]al p9ts (   
wat]1 & consequ5tly wa/$ & ?r[n away4   

,note also t ?is receipt is f\nd$ 7l !  
directions = _m o!r good di%es7 on !    
r\x--fl\r br[n$ 9 butt]--:i* is "o ( !  
gr& elem5ts 9 ,fr5* cook]y4  #h4 ,,/ew$ 
7,mr4 ,s4 ,j4 ,soy],e74--,caulifl[]     
butt]1 salt1 sug>1 two & "o-?ird ounces 
( fl\r1 half a p9t ( cream1 "o-eigh? ( !
 s\p f ! caulifl[]4  ,! caulifl[] is cut
 into pieces1 boil$ slightly 9 salt$    
wat]1 tak5 out ( ! s\p & put on a col&] 
to dra94 ,! butt] & fl\r are bak$ toge!r
 & ?9n$ ) ! cream1 & ab\t ! quantity ( !
 s\p above /at$4 ,! caulifl[] is put    
into ?is sauce & aga9 br\ght to a boil1 
:]eupon x is s]v$ w>m4  #i4 ,,escallop$ 
7,rural ,new ,york]74--,place a lay] ( !
 p>boil$ fl[]ets 9 a pudd+ di%1 & cov]  
!m ) cream sauce en\gh to moi/51 ) !    
addition ( a little grat$ *eese1 usually
 ,p>mesian2 ?is is to be foll[$ by ano!r
 lay] ( ?is vegetable1 & ! :ole cov]$ ) 
bread crumbs dott$ ) bits ( butt]4  #aj4
 ,,escallop$ 7,buckeye ,cook            
,book74--,boil till t5d]1 dra9 well1 &  
cut 9 small pieces2 put 9 lay]s1 ) f9e  

*opp$ egg1 & ?is dress+3 ,half p9t milk1
 ?ick5$ ov] boil+ wat]1 ) two           
tablespoons fl\r & season$ ) two        
teaspoons salt1 "o ( :ite pepp] & two   
tablespoons butt]2 put grat$ bread ov] !
 top2 dot x ) small bits ( butt] & place
 x 9 ! ov5 to heat ?or\ghly & br[n4     
,s]ve 9 same di% 9 :i* x 0 bak$4 ,?is is
 a good way to use common heads4  ,a    
nic] way is to boil !m1 !n place !m :ole
 9 a butt]$ di% ) /ems d[n4 ,make sauce 
) a cup ( bread crumbs beat5 to fro? )  
two tablespoons melt$ butt] & ?ree (    
cream or milk1 "o well-beat5 egg1 & salt
 & pepp] to ta/e4 ,p\r ?is ov] !        
caulifl[]1 cov] di% tightly1 & bake six 
m9utes 9 a quick ov51 br[n+ !m nicely4  
,s]ve z above4  #aa4 ,,) ,,/uff+ 7,home 
,cyclop$ia74--,take a saucepan1 ! exact 
size ( ! di% int5d$ to be us$4 ,cleanse 
a l>ge1 firm1 :ite caulifl[]1 & cut into
 sprigs1 ?r[ ^? into boil+ salt wat] =  
two m9utes2 !n take !m out1 dra91 & pack
 !m tightly ) ! heads d[nw>d1 9 !       
saucepan1 ! bottom ( :i* mu/ h be5      

previ\sly cov]$ ) ?9 slices ( bacon2    
fill up ! vacant spaces ) a /uff+ made (
 ?ree tablespoonfuls ( f9ely m9c$ veal1 
! same ( beef suet1 f\r tablespoonfuls (
 bread crumbs1 a little pepp] & salt1 a 
teaspoonful ( *opp$ p>sley1 a           
teaspoonful ( m9c$ *ives & a doz5 small 
mu%rooms1 *opp$ f9e4 ,/rew ^! +r$i5ts   
ov] ! caulifl[]s 9 alt]nate lay]s & p\r 
ov] !m ?ree well-beat5 eggs4 ,:5 ^! are 
well soak$ add suffici5t nicely-flavor$ 
/ock to cov] ! :ole2 simm] g5tly till ! 
caulifl[]s are t5d]1 & ! sauce v mu*    
r$uc$2 !n turn ! cont5ts ( ! saucepan   
upside d[n on a hot di%1 & ! caulifl[]s 
w be f\nd /&+ 9 a savory mixture4  #ab4 
,,) ,,sauce 7,home ,cyclop$ia74--,boil a
 l>ge caulifl[]--ti$ 9 nett+--9 hot     
salt$ wat]1 f tw5ty-five to ?irty       
m9utes2 dra91 s]ve 9 a deep di% ) ! fl[]
 upw>ds1 & p\r ov] x a cup ( drawn butt]
 9 :i* has be5 /irr$ ! juice ( a lemon &
 a half teaspoonful ( ,fr5* mu/>d1 mix$ 
up well ) ! sauce4  #ac4 ,,) ,,curry    
,,sauce 7,mrs4 ,m>%all74--,blan* 7see   

note to ,no4 #ai7 & pla9 boil !         
caulifl[] = fifte5 to tw5ty m9utes till 
t5d]1 !n cut x up into nice long pieces1
 ea* suffici5t = "o p]son2 place !      
pieces 9 a saute pan & p\r ! curry sauce
 7z = curry a la simla7 ov] !m2 let x   
boil up1 & !n draw ! pan to ! side ( !  
/ove & let x /ay !re = t5 or twelve     
m9utes2 di% ! pieces up 9 ! =m (        
cutlets1 p\r ! sauce ov] !m1 & g>ni%    
r\nd ! caulifl[] ) little bun*es ( grat$
 cocoanut :i* h be5 w>m$ betwe5 two     
plates ov] boil+ wat]4 ,?is is an       
excell5t di% = lun*eon or second c\rse1 
or x may be s]v$ 9 place ( an entree4   
#ad4 ,,) ,,tomato ,,sauce 7,good        
,liv+74--,hav+ boil$ a m$ium-siz$       
caulifl[]1 v c>efully z direct$ 7,no4   
#c7 place x on a r\nd di%1 aft] hav+    
?or\ghly dra9$ x4 ,h ready a ri* tomato 
sauce 7,no4 #dj7 p\r x ar\nd 7n ov]7 !  
caulifl[]1 & s]ve z a sep>ate c\rse4    
,?is is a v pretty di%4  #ae4 ,,)       
,,tomato ,,sauce 7,good ,heal?74--,boil 
or /eam ! caulifl[] until t5d]4 ,9 ano!r

 di% prep>e a sauce by heat+ a p9t (    
/ra9$ /ew$ tomatoes to boil+1 ?ick5+ ) a
 tablespoonful ( fl\r1 & salt+ to ta/e4 
,:5 ! caulifl[] is t5d]1 di%1 & p\r ov] 
x ! hot tomato sauce4  #af4 ,,)         
,,mu%rooms 7,buckeye ,cook ,book74--,put
 9 a fry+ pan1 9 hot fat1 a few small   
mu%rooms & "p ( a caulifl[]1 brok5 into 
sprigs4 ,spr9kle ov] !m "s grat$ *eese1 
& ba/e ! :ole well f "t to "t ) ! hot   
fat4  #ag4 ,,) ,,brussels ,,spr\ts 7,mr4
 ,s4 ,j4 ,soy]74--,caulifl[]1 ,brussels 
spr\ts1 dott] ( egg1 butt]1 a           
tablespoonful ( cream1 half a p9t (     
sauce = vegetables1 potato pure--t is1  
b\illon ?ick5$ ) ma%$ potatoes & /ra9$4 
,bo? caulifl[] & spr\ts are to be well  
clean$1 boil$ sep>ately 9 salt wat] &   
s]v$ on ! pure1 ! caulifl[] 9 ! c5tre & 
! spr\ts ar\nd x = g>ni%+4 ,! sauce1 to 
:i* is add$ ! egg dott]s1 butt] & cream1
 is p\r$ hot ov] ! caulifl[] & spr\ts4  
#ah4 ,,au ,,grat9 7,good ,liv+74--,boil 
! caulifl[] z direct$4 ,set x 9 a r\nd  
bak+ di% :i* c be s5t to ! table4 ,= a  

mod]ate siz$ caulifl[] make "o p9t (    
cream sauce 7,no4 #db74 ,add to ! sauce 
two heap+ tablespoons ea* or grat$      
,p>mesian & ,gruy]e *eese & a da% (     
cay5ne4 ,mix ! sauce & p\r x ov] !      
caulifl[]1 lett+ x p5etrate all !       
crevices4 ,cov] ! top ) f9e grat$ bread 
crumbs1 dot ) butt]1 & bake tw5ty       
m9utes4 ,s]ve 9 ! same di%4  #ai4 ,,au  
,,grat9 7,mrs4 ,m>%all74--,trim !       
caulifl[] & blan* x,f2 put x to boil 9  
boil+ wat] till x is t5d]2 !n take up & 
dra94 ,butt] ! di% on :i* x is to be    
s]v$ & put on x ab\t two tablespoonfuls 
( ! sauce z bel[ 7,no4 #ci72 put !      
caulifl[] on ! sauce1 !n cov] x ov]     
?ickly ) sauce1 & smoo? x all ov] ) a   
palette knife2 spr9kle x ) br[n$ bread  
crumbs2 /& ! di% 9 an ord9>y bak+ t9    
conta9+ ab\t a p9t ( boil+ wat]2 place 9
 ! ov5 = ab\t fifte5 or tw5ty m9utes1 & 
:5 a nice gold5 color take x f ! ov5 &  
spr9kle ov] x a v little grat$ ,p>mesian
 *eese4 ,/& ! di% on ano!r ) a napk91 & 
s]ve v hot z a second c\rse or lun*eon  

di%4  #bj4 ,,au ,,grat9 7,mr4 ,s4 ,j4   
,soy]74--,?ree caulifl[] heads1 salt1   
pepp]1 grat$ bread1 two eggs1 "o-qu>t]  
p\nd grat$ ,p>mesian *eese1 "o-qu>t]    
p\nd grat$ ,swiss *eese1 "o p9t :ite    
sauce4  ,! caulifl[]s are boil$ r>e1    
tak5 out & dra9$ (f4 ,:ite sauce &      
spices are boil$ ?ick & ! egg dott]s &  
*eese mix$ ) x4 ,! caulifl[]s are cut to
 pieces & put 9 lay]s ) sauce betwe51 on
 a di% or silv] saucepan1 are spr9kl$ ) 
grat$ bread & *eese1 put fifte5 m9utes  
into a hot ov5 to be br[n$ ) a salam&]4 
,s]ve z an indep5d5t di%4  ,9 place (   
:ite sauce butt] & fl\r may be bak$     
toge!r & ?9n$ ) sweet milk4  #ba4       
,,caulifl[] ,,au ,,naturel 7,mr4 ,j4 ,s4
 ,soy]74--,! /em ( ! :ite1 solid        
caulifl[] heads is cut (f an in* f !    
head1 & ) a p5knife is clean$ ( ! h>d   
out] membrane1 tak+ c>e to pres]ve !    
head z :ole z possible2 ! head is !n    
well r9s$ 9 cold wat]1 to :i* is add$ "s
 v9eg> to drive out l>vae & ! l2 x is !n
 boil$ 9 salt wat] until x is t5d]1 :5 x

 is tak5 up to dra9 (f on a sieve or    
col&]4 ,x is to be s]v$ high on a napk91
 ) melt$ butt]1 common sauce =          
vegetables1 ,dut* sauce1 vel\te or      
maitre d'hotel sauce4      ,n4 ,b4--,=  
caulifl[]s1 & vegetables g5]ally1 !     
sauce     ought to be r ?ick1 z x is    
impossible to h !     vegetables run    
p]fectly dry :5 !y are to be s]v$ w>m4  
#bb4 ,a ,,la ,,francaise 7,home         
,cyclop$ia74--,aft] trimm+ prop]ly1 cut 
! caulifl[] into qu>t]s1 & put into a   
/ewpan & boil until t5d]2 dra9 & arrange
 x neatly on a di%4 ,p\r ov] x melt$    
butt]4  #bc4 ,a ,,la ,,l\is ,,xiv 7,mr4 
,s4 ,j4 ,soy]74--,caulifl[]1 new-made   
butt]1 grat$ nutmeg1 b\illon4  ,!       
caulifl[] is to be repeat$ly wa%$ 9     
lukew>m wat]1 boil$ ) b\illon & a little
 nutmeg1 dra9$ & !n %ak5 ) butt] ov] a  
fire4 ,to be s]v$ z soon z ! butt] is   
melt$4  #bd4 ,a ,,la ,,v>5ne 7,mrs4     
,m>%all74--,trim a caulifl[]1 & place x 
9 salt & wat] = ab\t "o h\r2 !n put x   
into cold wat] ) a p9* ( salt2 br+ to ! 

boil1 & !n r9se ! caulifl[] & put x aga9
 into boil+ wat] :i* is season$ ) salt1 
to cook till t5d]4 ,:5 cook$1 cut x 9   
pieces & di% up 9 a coil2 p\r p>sley    
sauce ov]1 & g>ni% x r\nd ) brais$      
c>rots or a mac$o9e ( vegetables1 &     
place ! cut up /alks ( caulifl[] 9 !    
c5tre4 ,s]ve = a lun*eon or second c\rse
 di%4  #be4 ,,en ,,mayonnaise 7,mr4 ,s4 
,j4 ,soy]74--,two heads ( caulifl[]1    
salt1 pepp]1 sweet oil1 e/ragon1 *opp$  
p>sley1 v9eg>1 oil-sauce4  ,! caulifl[]s
 are to be pluck$ ap>t & ! /emlets cut  
(f at prop] l5g?s4 ,boil 9 wat]1 & salt 
:5 ne>ly done4 ,dra9 (f & let cool1 & !n
 m>9ate = an h\r ) oil1 v9eg>1 spices1  
e/ragon & p>sley4 ,dra9 on a sieve4 ,to 
be s]v$ high on a di%1 & oil sauce      
gradually to be p\r$ ov]4 ,if desir$1 ! 
di% might be g>ni%$ ) c>rots or "s o!r  
suitable vegetable4  #bf4 ,,s\ffle ,,(  
,,caulifl[]1 ,a ,,la ,,b>onne 7,mrs4    
,m>%all74--,trim a nice caulifl[]1 put x
 to blan* 7note to ,no4 #ai71 !n r9se x 
& put x into boil+ wat] ) a little salt1

 & let x cook till t5d]2 take up aga91  
dra91 & cut x 9 neat pieces & place !m 9
 a butt]$ s\ffle di% ) alt]nate lay]s ( 
raw slic$ tomatoes2 season ) a v little 
salt & :ite pepp]1 & fill up ! di% ) a  
s\ffle mixture prep>$ z bel[1 & spr9kle 
ov] ) a few br[n$ bread crumbs2 place a 
few pieces ( butt] "h & !re on ! top1 & 
bake 9 a mod]ate ov5 = ?irty m9utes1 di%
 ^u a pap] ) a napk9 r\nd1 spr9kle x ) a
 little *opp$ p>sley1 & s]ve = second   
c\rse or lun*eon4  ,mixture = ,caulifl[]
 ,s\ffle4--,mix two ounces ( butt]1 "o &
 a half ounces ( f9e fl\r1 "o & a half  
raw yolks ( eggs1 t9y du/ ( cay5ne1 a   
saltspoonful ( salt1 ) n q half a p9t ( 
cold milk2 /ir ov] ! fire till x boils1 
!n add ?ree ounces ( grat$ ,p>mesian    
*eese & ! :ites ( ?ree eggs t h be5     
:ipp$ /iff1 ) a p9* ( salt1 & use4  #bg4
 ,,caulifl[] ,,salad 7,good ,liv+74--,"o
 p9t cold boil$ caulifl[]1 "o teaspoon (
 *]vil1 *opp$ z f9e z p[d]1 "o teaspoon 
( p>sley1 *opp$ z f9e z p[d]1 "o        
teaspoon ( t>ragon or ,maille v9eg>1    

,fr5* dress+4  ,boil ! caulifl[] z      
direct$ 7,no4 #c74 ,sep>ate ! fl[]ets1  
mix ) ! p>sley1 *ives & dress+4 ,set    
aside "o h\r4 ,s]ve v cold4  ,ano!r     
7,buckeye ,cook ,book74--,aft] boil+1   
let cool & dress ) ,mayonnaise1 or any  
dress+ pref]r$4  #bh4 ,,caulifl[]       
,,omelette4--,take ! :ite "p ( a boil$  
caulifl[] aft] x is cold1 *op x v small1
 & mix ) x a suffici5t quantity ( well  
beat5 egg to make a v ?ick batt]2 !n fry
 x 9 fre% butt]1 9 a small pan1 & s5d to
 ! table hot4  ,,note3--,?is omelette   
makes a f9e dress+ to p\r hot ov] fri$  
*ick5 :5 ready to s5d to ! table4  #bi4 
,,caulifl[] ,,s\p 7,mr4 ,s4 ,j4 ,soy]74 
,two & a half qu>ts b\illon1 "o & a half
 p9t milk1 two or ?ree caulifl[]s1 two &
 a half ounces butt]1 "o & a half ounce 
fl\r1 sug>1 salt4  ,! caulifl[]s are    
clean$1 & boil$ almo/ ready1 tak5 out & 
put on a sieve1 & ! s\p pres]v$4 ,!     
butt] & fl\r are bak$ toge!r2 & ) !     
milk1 b\illon1 sug> & salt add$ to !    
decoction f ! caulifl[]s4 ,^! are !n cut

 into prop] pieces & put into ! s\p1 :i*
 is subject$ to a quick boil & !n s]v$ )
 bread dumpl+s3 crumbs ( :ite bread     
moi/5$ ) milk1 melt$ butt]1 dott] (     
eggs1 & ! :ites beat5 to a /iff fro?--! 
mass roll$ into balls1 & boil$ until !y 
float4  #cj4 ,,caulifl[] ,,cream ,,s\p  
7,rural ,new ,york]74--,boil ! caulifl[]
 9 salt wat] until ne>ly done4 ,= a     
small head1 br+ ano!r qu>t ( wat] 7or   
milk & wat]7 to boil1 add+ half an      
onion1 or a bit ( spice if desir$1 &    
?ick5 x z = drawn butt] sauce1 ) an     
ounce ( butt] & "s fl\r4 ,boil !        
caulifl[] 9 ! liquid until s(t1 !n put !
 :ole ?r\gh a col&]2 return to ! fire1 &
 add a cup ( cream2 simm] = five m9utes1
 & s]ve at once1 ) squ>es ( fri$ bread4 
#ca4 ,,broccoli 7,am]ican               
,g>d574--,broccoli is a pleasant *ange f
 cabbage & caulifl[]1 ei!r z a salad or 
a side di%4 ,to dress x1 /rip (f !      
little bran*es1 till ! top "o is left1  
!n ) a %>p knife peel (f all ! h>d sk9  
on ! /alks & bran*lets & ?r[ !m into    

wat]4 ,:5 ! wat] 9 ! /ewpan boils1 put 9
 ! broccoli & cook till t5d]1 salt+ 9 ! 
la/ five m9utes4 ,s]ve ) toa/ dipp$ 9 ! 
broccoli wat]1 lay+ ! /alks ov] x1 & eat
 ) v9eg> & melt$ butt]4 ,or1 let x get  
cold1 cut 9 small bits1 & s]ve z salad )
 oil & v9eg>1 ) lemon juice1 g>ni%$ )   
na/urtium buds4 ,or1 s]ve a l>ge r\nd ( 
toa/1 ! size ( a d9n] plate1 moi/5$ )   
broccoli wat]1 salt$ & butt]$1 ) nicely 
poa*$ eggs laid on x1 & sprigs ( hot    
broccoli set ?ickly betwe51 du/+ ) f9e  
salt4 ,caulifl[] & solid :ite cabbage   
may be s]v$ ! same way4  #cb4 ,,egg     
,,broccoli 7,home ,cyclop$ia74--,take   
half a doz5 heads ( broccoli1 cut (f !  
small %oots or blossoms & lay !m aside =
 fry+2 trim ! /alks %ort & p>e (f ! r\gh
 r9d up to ! head1 wa% !m well & lay !m 
9 salt wat] = an h\r1 !n put !m into    
pl5ty ( boil+ wat] 7salt$7 & let !m boil
 fa/ till q t5d]4 ,put two ounces (     
butt] into a saucepan1 & /ir x ov] a sl[
 fire till x is melt$2 !n add gradually 
six or eight well-beat5 eggs & /ir !    

mixture until x is ?ick & smoo?4 ,lay ! 
broccoli 9 ! c5t] ( a l>ge di%1 p\r !   
egg ar\nd x1 &1 hav+ fri$ ! broccoli    
blossoms1 arrange !m 9 a circle ne> !   
edge ( ! di%4  #cc4 ,,pickl$ 7,mrs4 ,m4 
,p4 ,a4 ,crozi]74--,break at ! natural  
divisions1 /eam till t5d]1 & place 9 a  
j> ( cold v9eg> ) mu/>d & r$ pepp]s4    
#cd4 ,,pickl$ 7,g>d5]'s ,text           
,book74--,place ! heads 9 a keg1 &      
spr9kle !m lib]ally ) salt4 ,let !m     
rema9 ?us = ab\t a week1 :5 y may turn  
ov] !m scald+ hot v9eg>1 prep>$ ) "o    
ounce ( mace1 "o ounce ( pepp]corns1 &  
"o ounce ( cloves to e gallon4 ,draw (f 
! v9eg>1 & return x scald+ hot sev]al   
times until ! heads become t5d]4  #ce4  
,,pickl$ 7,rural ,new ,york]74--,break !
 heads into small sprays1 ?r[ !m into a 
kettle ( scald+ br9e2 let !m come to a  
boil1 & dra9 c>efully1 s z n to break   
!m2 pack 9 /one or glass j>s1 & cov] )  
scald+ v9eg> season$ z foll[s3 ,to "o   
gallon ( v9eg> all[ "o cup ( :ite sug>1 
half an ounce ( mace1 "o ounce (        

pepp]corns1 two or ?ree r$ pepp] pods   
brok5 into bits1 & a tablespoonful ea* (
 cori&] se$1 cel]y se$1 & :ite mu/>d4   
,p\r ?is hot ov] ! caulifl[]s & seal at 
once4 ,glass j>s are ! mo/ conv5i5t1 z  
!y may be exam9$ frequ5tly to see if _! 
cont5ts are keep+ well4 ,if n1 repeat ! 
scald+4 ,9 all pickles ! v9eg> %\ld be  
two in*es or m above ! vegetables1 z x  
is sure to %r9k1 & if ! vegetables are n
 ?or\ghly imm]s$ 9 v9eg> !y w n keep4   
#cf4 ,,pickl$ 7,home                    
,cyclop$ia74--,*oose su* z are firm1 yet
 ( _! full size2 cut away all ! leaves &
 p>e ! /alks2 pull away ! fl[]s 9       
bun*es1 /eep 9 br9e two days1 !n dra9   
!m1 wipe !m dry1 & put !m 9 hot pickle1 
or m]ely infuse = ?ree days ?ree ounces 
( curry p[d] 9 e qu>t ( v9eg>4  ,ano!r4 
,slice1 salt = two or ?ree days1 dra91  
spread ^u a dry clo? be=e ! fire        
tw5ty-f\r h\rs2 put 9 a j> & cov] )     
spic$ v9eg>4  #cg4 ,,mix$ ,,pickles     
7,home ,cyclop$ia74--,?ree hundr$ small 
cucumb]s1 f\r gre5 pepp]s1 slic$ f9e1   

two l>ge or ?ree small heads (          
caulifl[]1 ?ree heads ( :ite cabbage    
slic$ f9e1 n9e l>ge onions slic$1 "o    
l>ge hors]adi%1 "o qu>t gre5 beans cut  
"o in* long1 "o qu>t gre5 tomatoes      
slic$2 put ?is mixture 9 a pretty /rong 
br9e tw5ty-f\r h\rs2 dra9 ?ree h\rs2 !n 
spr9kle 9 "o-f\r? p\nd black & "o-f\r?  
p\nd :ite mu/>d se$2 also "o            
tablespoonful black gr\nd pepp]2 let x  
come to a boil 9 j v9eg> en\gh to cov]  
x1 add+ a little alumn2 dra9 aga91 & :5 
cold put 9 "o-half p9t gr\nd mu/>d2 cov]
 ! :ole ) good cid] v9eg>2 add turm]ic  
en\gh to color if y l4   ,,accessory    
,,receipts4  #ch4 ,,caulifl[] ,,sauce   
7,good ,liv+74--,use ei!r :ite or cream 
sauce1 add+ to x ! fl[]ets ( caulifl[]  
previ\sly boil$ t5d]4 ,s]ve ) boil$ f[l1
 veal saute1 etc4  #ci4 ,,caulifl[]     
,,sauce 7,to accompany ,no4 #ai74--,"o  
p9t ( ?ick ,be*amel sauce1 a qu>t] ( a  
p\nd ( grat$ ,p>mesian *eese1 two       
tablespoonfuls ( grat$ ,gruy]e *eese1   
two tablespoonfuls ( cream1 a little du/

 ( cay5ne pepp] & a p9* ( salt2 mix well
 toge!r1 & use4  #dj4 ,,tomato ,,sauce  
7,to accompany ,no4 #ad74--   #f l>ge   
tomatoes1 or #a c1  ,butt]1 size ( an   
egg1  ,bun* ( p>sley or ?yme1  #a       
tablespoonful ( butt]1  #b *opp$ onions1
  ,salt & pepp]1  ,p9* ( sug>1  #b      
tablespoonfuls ( fl\r4  ,peel !         
tomatoes1 & put into a sauce pan )      
butt]1 ?yme1 onions & p>sley 7& #a clove
 ( g>lic *opp$ & fri$ 9 butt]74 ,set ov]
 boil+ wat] & /ew v g5tly = ?ree h\rs4  
,!n press fruit & juice all ?r\gh a     
sieve1 reject+ only ! se$s & h]bs4      
,mean:ile prep>e a r\x1 all[+ #a qu>t ( 
sauce1 #a tablespoonful ( butt]1 & #b ( 
fl\r1 /irr$ toge!r ov] ! fire until     
light gold5 br[n--no d>k]1 or ! color ( 
! sauce w be injur$4 ,:5 ! sauce is     
/ra9$1 remove ! r\x f ! fire2 /ir 9 !   
sauce4 ,return x to ! fire4 ,/ir & boil 
#c to #e m9utes1 until ri* & ?ick4 ,%\ld
 ! sauce be already q ?ick ) ! pulp ( ! 
tomatoes1 use less ?ick5+4 ,if s]v$ )   
fric&eau1 veal saute1 or filet ( beef1  

add ! juices ( ! meat to ! sauce4  #da4 
,,:ite ,,sauce 7,to accompany ,no4 #c1  
etc47--   #c ounces ( butt]1  #b gills (
 wat]1  #a ounce ( fl\r1  ,pepp] & salt4
  ,put #b ounces ( ! butt] 9 a /ew pan2 
:5 x melts1 add ! fl\r4 ,/ir = #a m9ute 
or m1 b d n br[n4 ,!n add by degrees !  
boil+ wat]1 /irr+ until smoo?2 pass x   
?r\gh a sieve2 !n add ! re/ ( ! butt]1  
cut 9 pieces4 ,:5 ! butt] is melt$1 s]ve
 imm$iately4 ,?is makes ab\t "o p9t (   
sauce4 ,y may add z a great improvem5t a
 little lemon juice or a few drops (    
v9eg>4  ,n4 ,b4--,if ! sauce is to h o!r
 +r$i5ts add$ x is be/ to h x v ?ick to 
beg9 )4  #db4 ,,cream ,,sauce 7,to      
accompany ,nos4 #c & #ah74   #a         
tablespoon ( fl\r1  #a v l>ge tablespoon
 ( butt]1  #b gills ( new milk1  #a_/b  
teaspoon ( salt1  ,pepp] to ta/e4  ,put 
#c_/d ( ! butt] 9 a sauce pan ov] !     
fire4 ,z soon z x melts1 add ! fl\r2 /ir
 till bl5d$4 ,be c>eful n to let x br[n4
 ,add ! boil+ milk1 by degrees1 to !    
fl\r & butt]1 /irr+ )\t ceas+4 ,boil #c 

m9utes4 ,remove f ! fire2 add salt1 :ite
 pepp]1 & ! re/ ( ! butt]2 /ir until !  
butt] melts1 & s]ve imm$iately4 ,if x   
has to be kept1 set x ov] a kettle (    
boil+ wat]2 leave ! spoon 9 x2 & e n[ & 
aga9 /ir x d[n or ! top w =m a scum4 ,d 
n let x boil aft] ! la/ butt] is add$4  
,cream may be us$ in/ead ( new milk4    
,,footnotes3  ,e ,*ief ,cook at ! ,c\rt 
( ,d5m>k4  ,f ,blan*+ any?+ is plac+ x  
on ! fire 9 cold wat] until x boils1 &  
aft] /ra9+ x (f plung+ x into cold wat] 
= ! purpose ( r5d]+ x :ite4             
,,recapitulation4   ,! foll[+           
recapitulation ( ! m important po9ts    
connect$ ) caulifl[] culture w s]ve to  
fix !m 9 m9d3  #a4 ,! be/ localities =  
caulifl[] gr[+ are :]e ! climate is cool
 & moi/1 z ne> "s l>ge body ( wat]4  #b4
 ,! caulifl[] w /& ne>ly z mu* dry wea!r
 z ord9>y crops :ile gr[+1 provid+ x has
 a cool1 moi/ "t 9 :i* to head4  #c4 ,! 
be/ soil is a s&y loam1 ?\gh any cool1  
moi/1 /rong1 f]tile soil w answ]4  #d4  
,:ile a cool1 moi/ soil is desirable1   

?or\gh dra9age is q z ess5tial z ) any  
o!r crop4  #e4 ,an abundance ( /rong    
b>n-y>d or o!r manure is necess>y1 z !  
caulifl[] is a gross fe$]4  #f4 ,deep & 
frequ5t tillage1 t !re may be no *eck 9 
gr[? until ! plants are ne>ly ready to  
head4  #g4 ,tie or p9 ! leaves ov] !    
heads z soon z !y appe>1 to keep !m     
blan*$ & protect !m f fro/4  #h4 ,if any
 plants h fail$ to head on ! approa* (  
w9t]1 remove !m to a %$ or cell>1 & !y w
 head !re4  #i4 ,gu>d aga9/ ! flea      
beetle1 cut worm1 cabbage worm & cabbage
 maggot 9 ! same mann] z ) cabbage4     
#aj4 ,) suitable v>ieties & prop] c>e ! 
caulifl[] c g5]ally be successfully gr[n
 :]ev] ! cabbage ?rives p>ticul>ly well4
     ,,gloss>y4   ,,bl9d4--,to g bl9d is
 to lose ! c5tre or gr[+ po9t1 & fail to
 head4 ,x is g5]ally due to climatic or 
insect injury4 ,x is said to be         
frequ5tly caus$ 9 ! caulifl[] by an     
insect resembl+ ! turnip fly4 ,soot &   
lime are rem$ies4  ,,blues4--,a         
d>k-blui% appe>ance1 accompany+ arre/$  

developm5t1 g5]ally due to unfavorable  
wea!r1 unsuitable soil or insects at !  
root4 ,cabbage & caulifl[] plants :i*   
are set too e>ly 9 ! spr+1 especially if
 !y are n well h>d5$ (f & are plac$ 9 a 
cold soil1 are apt to assume ?is        
appe>ance4 ,if caulifl[]s rema9 long 9  
?is condition1 !y are liable ei!r to    
fail to head1 or to =m small heads      
prematurely4  ,,bolt4--,a famili> t]m 9 
,engl&1 appli$ to :eat :5 x heads out   
small & prematurely4 ,sometimes appli$  
to caulifl[]s :5 !y head be=e !y atta9 a
 prop] age & size4 ,see ,button4        
,,break4--,to become loose or fro?y     
prep>atory to runn+ up to se$4 ,said ( a
 head ( caulifl[]2 also ( o!r plants z  
!y beg9 to ?r[ up _! se$ /alks4         
,,button4--,,to =m small heads          
prematurely1 z (t5 occurs :5 plants are 
left too long 9 ! se$-b$4  ,,curd4--,!  
mat]ial compos+ ! head ( a caulifl[]4   
,sometimes ! heads individually are     
call$ curds4  ,,drawn4--,hav+ an        
abnormally long /em1 ow+ to cr[d+1 or   

too great heat1 or too little light 9 ! 
se$-b$4  ,,fl[] ,,or ,,blossom4--,t]ms  
(t5 appli$ to ! head 9 ! caulifl[]1 ei!r
 f its resemblance to a fl[]1 or f a    
mi/ak5 idea t x really is a fl[]4       
,,fl[]et4--,a t]m sometimes appli$ to "o
 ( ! sprays or sub-divisions ( a        
caulifl[] head4  ,,fro?y1 see ,w>ty4    
,,glauc\s4--,pale blui%-gre52 sea-gre54 
,,head4--,! edible "p ( a caulifl[]1    
consi/+ ( a mass ( ?ick5$ fl[]-/ems at  
an e>ly /age ( gr[?1 be=e !y h sep>at$ &
 elongat$ prep>atory to =m+ fl[]s &     
se$s4 ,v>i\s o!r t]ms h be5 appli$ to x1
 su* z fl[] or blossom1 b\quet1 he>t1 &1
 by ! ,fr5*1 pomme 7apple71 b sometimes 
also tete 7head74  ,,he>t1 see ,head4   
,,leafy4--,hav+ ! head int]sp]s$ ) r    
small leaves4 ,a t5d5cy to ?is condition
 is f\nd 9 "s inf]ior v>ieties1 & 9 _m  
good v>ieties :5 !y head 9 hot wea!r4   
,,mossy4--,hav+ num]\s m9ute leaves     
di/ribut$ ov] ! head1 giv+ x a mossy    
appe>ance4 ,x is a condition ( ! same   
nature z ! leafy /ate above m5tion$1 &  

produc$ by ! same causes4  ,,rogue4--,an
 undesirable sport4 ,a caulifl[] :i*1   
unlike ! o!rs 9 ! field1 runs imm$iately
 to se$ )\t =m+ a head1 w\ld be call$ a 
rogue4  ,,runn+4--,?r[+ up ! fl[]-/alks 
prep>atory to ! production ( se$4 ,see  
,break4  ,,turn+ ,,94--,comm5c+ to head2
 a t]m orig9ally appli$ to cabbages1 b  
n[ ext5d$ to o!r plants :i* =m heads (  
any k9d4  ,,w>ty ,,or ,,fro?y4--,a      
condition ( ! head 9 :i* ! surface is   
cov]$ ) small prom95ces prep>atory to   
runn+ up to se$4  ,,wea!r-,,pr\d4--,an  
,engli% t]m :i* signifies t plants are  
l>g] or m ?rifty ?an prop] = ! "t ( ye>4
 ,appli$1 = example1 to w9t]$-ov]       
caulifl[] plants dur+ a w>m1 e>ly spr+4 
,,ref]5ces4   ,9 ! foll[+ works &       
articles c]ta9 po9ts 9 connection ) !   
caulifl[] & its cultivation are m fully 
treat$ ?an 9 ! pres5t "w4  ,,bon        
,,j>d9i]1 7#ahei1 p4 #ddi74--;,a good   
article on ! orig9 & v>ieties ( !       
caulifl[]1 & its cultivation 9 ,france4 
,,brill1 ,,francis4--,caulifl[]s & ,h[  

to ,gr[ ,!m1 7#af pp41 price tw5ty c5ts4
 ,publi%$ by ! ,au?or1 ,riv]head1 ,n4   
,y41 #ahhf74 ,a well writt5 acc\nt (    
caulifl[] gr[+ on ,long ,isl& & ! me?ods
 us$4  ,,burpee1 ,w4 ,a4--,h[ to ,gr[   
,cabbages & ,caulifl[]s1 7,w4 ,a4       
,burpee  ,co41 ,philadelphia1 #ahij74 ,a
 pamphlet ( eighty-five pages1 price    
?irty c5ts1 consi/+ ( prize essays on ! 
,cabbage & ,caulifl[]1 by ,mr4 ,g4 ,h4  
,h[>d1 ( ,long ,isl&1 ,n4 ,y41 & ,mr4   
,j4 ,p$]s51 ( ,d5m>k2 toge!r )          
directions = cook+ ^! vegetables by ,mr4
 ,s4 ,j4 ,soy]1 *ief cook at ! ,c\rt (  
,d5m>k2 & a *apt] on v>ieties by ,w4 ,a4
 ,burpee4  ,,de ,,c&olle1 ,,augu/9      
,,pyramus4--,memoir on ! ,diff]5t       
,species1 ,races & ,v>ieties ( ! ,g5us  
,brassica1 & ( ! ,g5]a ,alli$ ) x :i*   
are ,cultivat$ 9 ,europe 7read 9        
#ahba74--,transactions ( !              
,horticultural ,society ( ,london1 ,vol4
 ,v1 p4 #a4  ,,don1 ,,geo4--,g5]al      
,hi/ory ( ,di*lamyde\s ,plants1 7#d     
volumes1 ,london1 #ahca74 ,volume ,i1   

pp4 #bcc-bda1 conta9s a good acc\nt ( ! 
culture & v>ieties ( broccoli &         
caulifl[]4 ,fifte5 v>ieties ( broccoli &
 ?ree ( caulifl[] are describ$4         
,,j\rnal ,,( ,,horticulture ,,&         
,,cottage ,,g>d5]1 7#ahgh1 p4 #fa74--;,a
 good article on ! cultivation (        
caulifl[] 9 ,engl&4  ,,l\don1 ,j4       
,c4--,encyclopa$ia ( ,g>d5+ 7#e?        
edition1 ,london1 #ahbg74 ,?is /&>d "w  
conta9s a v full acc\nt ( ! caulifl[] & 
its allies1 includ+ quotations f v>i\s  
,engli% au?orities4  ,,magaz9e ,,(      
,,horticulture1 7#ahci1 p4 #ec74--;,a   
good article on ! cultivation ( !       
caulifl[] 9 ,engl&4  ,,mah]1            
,,john4--,h9ts relative to ! ,culture ( 
! ,e>ly ,purple ,broccoli 7read 9       
#ahjh74--,transactions ( !              
,horticultural ,society ( ,london1 ,vol4
 ,i1 pp4 #aaf-abj4 ,an acc\nt ( !       
culture & v>ieties ( broccoli1 ) rem>ks 
on its improvem5t1 & on ! liability (   
broccoli & caulifl[] to mix ) cabbage4  
,,mc9to%1 ,,*>les4--,book ( ! ,g>d5 7#b 

volumes1 ,london1 #ahec74 ,! second     
volume conta9s ! be/ acc\nt ( caulifl[] 
cultivation 9 ,engl& writt5 up to t "t4 
,,rog]s1 ,,john4--,! ,vegetable         
,cultivator 7,london1 #ahdc74 ,conta9s a
 good acc\nt ( ! caulifl[] & ! me?ods ( 
gr[+ x 9 ,engl&4  ,,/urtevant1 ,,dr4 ,e4
 ,l4--,9 8 ,hi/ory ( ,g>d5 ,vegetables1 
9 ! ,am]ican ,naturali/1 ?is au?or gives
 ! hi/ory ( caulifl[] & broccoli1       
includ+ ! e>lie/ record$ evid5ces ( _!  
cultivation1 & ! names appli$ to ^!     
vegetables 9 diff]5t c\ntries4 ,!       
broccoli is treat$ 9 ! volume = #ahhg1  
p4 #dch1 & ! caulifl[] 9 ! same volume1 
p4 #gja4  ,,sutton  ,,sons1 ,read+1     
,engl&4--,^! se$sm5 publi% a "w on      
,g>d5+1 price five %ill+s1 9 :i* !      
subject ( caulifl[] culture 9 ,engl& is 
fully treat$4  ,,vilmor9--,,&rieux1 ,,et
 ,,cie4--,plantes ,potag]s 7,p>is1      
#ahhc74 ,?is "w by ,vilmor91 ,&rieux    
,co41 ! ,p>is se$sm51 0 translat$ into  
,engli%1 & publi%$ "u ! title ( ,!      
,vegetable ,g>d51 by ,murray1 ( ,london1

 9 #ahhe4 ,x conta9s full descriptions (
 v>ieties ( caulifl[]1 bas$ on trials at
 ! exp]im5t gr\nds ( ?is firm at ,p>is1 
& also includes in=mation on !          
cultivation ( ?is vegetable 9 ,france4  
,,index4  ,page4   ,analysis1 #aif      
,blackleg1 #aje   ,blan*+1 #ci          
,broccoli1 #aj1 #aa1 #ac1 #ahi          
,button+1 #eg    ,cabbage1 hi/ory1 #i   
,cabbage1 wild1 #i   ,cabbage maggot1   
#if   ,cabbage worm1 #ih   ,caulifl[] 9 
,unit$ ,/ates1 #ai1 #bb1 #fa    ,mexico1
 #he    ,europe1 #ai    ,india1 #hf     
,au/ria1 #ba    ,engl&1 #ba    ,france1 
#bj    ,g]many1 #ba    ,holl&1 #ba      
,italy      #ba    ,long ,isl&1 #bb1 #fb
    ,puget ,s\nd1 #ia1 #aae    ,alabama1
 #hj    ,cali=nia1 #ij    ,colorado1 #gg
    ,florida1 #hb    ,georgia1 #gi      
,ill9ois1 #bc1 #ge    ,i[a1 #gg         
,l\isiana1 #hc    ,massa*usetts1 #ga    
,mi*igan1 #gb1 #ahe    ,m9nesota1 #gd   
,miss\ri1 #gf    ,new ,j]sey1 #fi       
,nor? ,c>ol9a1 #gh    ,ohio1 #ge        
,oregon1 #ij    ,s\? ,dakota1 #gh       

,texas1 #hd    ,wa%+ton1 #ia1 #aae      
,wiscons91 #gd   ,caulifl[] indu/ry1 #ai
   ,climate1 #fc1 #gb1 #gc1 #gh1 #hi1   
#ij1 #aab1 #aaf   ,cook+1 #aie          
,cross-f]tilization1 #aac1 #aad1 #aba   
,cultivation1 #cg   ,cut worms1 #id     
,damp+ (f1 #ajd   ,duty1 see ,t>iff     
,e>l9ess1 ord] (1 #agg   ,e>ly          
caulifl[]1 #ec    ,failures1 #ai1 #ec1  
#fi1 #ga   ,f]tiliz]s1 #bf1 #fe1 #fh1   
#gi1 #he1 #hg1 #aaf   ,flea beetle1 #bg1
 #bi1 #ic   ,fro/1 effect (1 #da        
,fungi1 #aja    ,gloss>y1 #bbc          
,h>ve/+1 #db   ,hi/ory1 #i              
,importation ( caulifl[]1 #bc           
,insects1 #cj1 #ic1 #hg   ,irrigation1  
#bj1 #ch1 #gg    ,keep+1 #dh    ,l>ge   
heads1 #gg1 #hc1 #hf1 #afi1 #aga        
,l\se1 #bi1 #ajj    ,m>ket+1 #dg1 #ee1  
#gi1 #ha   ,mildew1 #aje    ,orig91 #i  
,packages1 #de   ,pack+1 #de   ,pickles1
 #bc1 #baf   ,prep>+ ! gr\nd1 #ce1 #fh1 
#hg1 #aaf   ,price1 #dg1 #ee1 #fe1 #fi1 
#gi   ,puget ,s\nd se$1 #aji1 #aae1 #ahe
    ,recapitulation1 #bba   ,ref]5ces1  

#bbg   ,rot1 #aja    ,scale ( maturity1 
#agg   ,se$1 #ajg     9 ,cyprus1 #aji   
,d5m>k1 #aaj        ,engl&1 #ajh1 #aaj  
,france1 #ajh        ,g]many1 #ajh      
,holl&1 #ajh        ,scotl&1 #ajh       
,india1 #hi        ,long ,isl&1 #aaj    
,massa*usetts1 #aaj        ,mexico1 #hf 
,puget ,s\nd1 #aji1 #aae1 #ahe   ,se$1  
am\nt ne$$1 #hh1 #aae   ,se$1 duration (
 vitality1 #aae   ,se$1 s[+1 #bg1 #cc1  
#hb1 #hg   ,sell+1 see ,m>ket+   ,soil1 
#be1 #gb1 #hb1 #hf1 #aaf   ,soil1       
prep>ation (1 #ce1 #fh1 #hg1 #aaf   ,s[+
 se$1 #bg1 #cc1 #hb1 #hg    ,t>iff on   
caulifl[]1 #bc   ,t]ms1 #bbc   ,"t to   
cut1 #db   ,"t to s[1 #cc               
,transplant+1 #ce1 #aag   ,trimm+1 #dd  
,v>ieties1 #ad1 #abe1 #ahg   ,v>iety    
te/s1 #agh     ,,h[ ,,to ,,ext5d ,,!    
,,m>ket  ,= ,caulifl[]4   ,! m>ket dem& 
= any product is always a matt] ( gr[?4 
,pet] ,h5d]son said 9 #ahfg t an acre ( 
caulifl[] 0 z mu* z c\ld be pr(itably   
sold f "o g>d5 9 ! ,new ,york m>ket4    
,n[1 five to fifte5 acres 9 a s+le field

 is n an uncommon sight on ,long ,isl&4 
,x is ! bus9ess ( ! gr[] n only to      
supply ! dem&1 b to create x4 ,"o way to
 increase ! dem& = caulifl[] is to tea* 
consum]s ! be/ me?ods ( us+ x4 ,we      
believe t if caulifl[] gr[]s c\ld       
di/ribute freely to _! cu/om]s !        
in=mation f\nd 9 ! *apt] on cook+ 9 ?is 
"w on ,caulifl[] x w\ld result 9 l>gely 
increas$ sales4 ,accord+ly we h repr9t$ 
?is *apt] z a sep>ate pamphlet & (f] x  
to m>ket g>d5]s & o!rs at ! foll[+ v l[ 
rates3 ,s+le copies1 t5 c5ts1 #e p]     
hundr$4 ,sample copy free ^u reque/ to  
any pur*as] ( ?is book4 ,please give ^! 
a trial4   ,,regi/] ,,publi%+ ,,company1
  ,,ann ,,arbor1 ,,mi*igan              
,h5d]son's ,e>ly ,sn[ball  ,,caulifl[]4 
,illu/ration  ,,e>ly1 ,,l>ge ,,& ,a     
,,sure ,,head]4 ,,! ,,/&>d ,,v>iety     
,,ev]y:]e4  ,sold by all ,deal]s 9 ,our 
,orig9al ,packages1  ,,seal$ ,,) ,,our  
,,r$ ,,trade ,,m>k ,,label4  ,,pet]     
,,h5d]son  ,,co41 ,,se$sm51  #ce  #cg   
,cortl& ,/41--,,new ,,york4     ,,m>*',s

  ,,puget ,,s\nd  ,,caulifl[] ,,&       
,,cabbage ,,se$4   ,,! ,,be/ ,,9 ,,!    
,,_w4  ,9 e "p ( ! c\ntry1 f ,ma9e to   
,oregon1 x is pron\nc$ good4 ,high      
,te/imony f ,high ,s\rces4   ,reports ( 
! ,exp]im5t ,/ations3  ,pr(4 ,w4 ,j4    
,gre51 ,ohio4 ,ag4 ,ex4 ,/a41 says3     
,hav+ te/$ y\r ,sn[ball & ,e>lie/ ,dw>f 
,erfurt1 ,i d n hesitate1 aft] c>eful   
trials1 to say t y\r ,caulifl[] se$     
ranks ) ! v be/4 ,n only does x %[ !    
effects ( c>eful selection1 b ! se$s 7 v
 l>ge & full ( vitality1 g]m9at$ quick1 
& produc$ plants ( uncommon vigor1      
heal?y 9 all /ages ( gr[?4 ,if ! se$ s5t
 u is a fair sample y ne$ n hesitate to 
claim t x is z good z any t c be        
produc$1 z f> z quality is conc]n$1 & 9 
vitality & consequ5t vigor ( plants     
excell+ import$ se$ by #be p] c5t4 ,i   
%all n hesitate to recomm5d ,puget ,s\nd
 ,caulifl[] se$1 = ,i believe x to be ,!
 ,be/ 9 ! ,_w4  ,pr(4 ,l4 ,r4 ,taft1    
,mi*4 ,ag4 ,col41 writes3  ,de>         
,sir1--,! ,e>ly ,p]fection 7,novelty    

,no4 #i7 & ,am]ican gr[n ,sn[ball       
,caulifl[] se$ s5t "h = trial by y1 z   
comp>$ ) n9e o!r v>ieties1 ! foll[+ is !
 report4 ,no4 #h is ,am]ican ,sn[ball1 &
 ,no4 #aj is ,novelty ,no4 #i or ,e>ly  
,p]fection3    #a  #b  #c  #d  #e  #f   
#g  #h  #i  #aj #aa  #if #ic #fe #eh #dc
 #gi #fc #if #hf  #ii #hc ,g]m9ation4   
#ij #fh #ff #dh #ag #eh #cc #hb #gf  #ij
 #fj ,vegetation4  #hj #hj #gj #hj #ij  
#dj #fj #ij #ij #ajj #hj ,vigor & head+ 
,! ,e>ly ,p]fection 7,no4 #i7 0 "o ( !  
fir/ to =m heads1 requir+ fifty-?ree    
days f "t ( plant+ out4 ,x gave fully z 
good & l>ge heads z any ( ! o!r e>ly    
k9ds4 ,i am p>ticul>ly pleas$ ) ! high  
vegetative p[]s ( y\r se$s1 & ! vigor ( 
! plants4   ,mi*4 ,ag4 ,col41 ,nov4 #bj1
 #ahij4   ,h4 ,a4 ,m>*1 ,fidalgo1 ,wa%43
  ,de> ,sir1--,y\r lett] ask+ = a report
 ( y\r ,cabbage & ,caulifl[] ,se$1 is at
 h&4 ,! ,puget ,s\nd /ra9 ( ,e>ly       
,wakefield ,cabbage se$ 0 s noticeably  
l>ge t ,i weigh$ sev]al samples ( x &   
f\nd t x av]ag$ two & "o-half times z   

l>ge z ! same v>iety f o!r se$sm54 ,9 ! 
se$-box we obta9$ #ig plants f #ajj     
se$s4  ,! plants 7 mu* /rong] ?an ^? (  
any o!r v>iety4 ,tw5ty-five plants 7 put
 out1 & e "o =m$ a p]fect head4 ,!y 7 v 
ev5 9 size & %ape1 av]ag+ slightly l>g] 
?an our o!r /ra9s1 ) ?ree days diff]5ce 
9 _! favor 9 e>l9ess4   ,v truly1 ,l4   
,r4 ,,taft4  ,prices half ! price (     
import$ se$ ( ! ,,same ,,quality4 ,s5d =
 prices & te/imonials to  ,h4 ,a4 ,,m>*1
 ,,fidalgo1 ,,skagit ,,co41 ,,wa%4      
,try ,am]ican ,gr[n ,caulifl[] ,se$4    
,illu/ration  ,,till+ha/',s ,p4 ,s4     
,,/ock4  ,aft] _m ye>s co/ly ( co/ly    
exp]im5t+ ,i believe ,i am n[ 9 position
 to supply a f9] grade ( ,caulifl[] se$s
 = less money ?an c be procur$ f any    
deal] :o imports 8 /ock4 ,we h nam$ ours
  ,,till+ha/',s ,,e>ly ,,padilla4  ,by  
mail po/ paid1 #bj;cts4 p] pkt4 #b4jj p]
 oz4 net  ,catalogue free on application
  ,,address   ,,isaac ,f4 ,,till+ha/1 --
 ,,la ,,plume1 ,,pa4     ,,!  ,/e*]     
,li?ographic ,co4  ,,ro*e/]1 ,n4 ,y4    

,,publi% ,,& ,,h ,,n[ ,,9 ,,/ock ,,ov]  
#ejj ,,v>ieties ,,color$ ,,li?ograph    
,,plates  ,,= ,,! ,,use ,,(  ,,nurs]ym5 
,se$sm5 4 & 4 ,flori/s4  ,,new          
,,v>ieties ,,be+ ,,con/antly ,,add$4    
#ij ,v>ieties ,apples4        #f        
,v>ieties ,crab ,apples4                
#bh ,v>ieties ,pe>s4                    
#ah ,v>ieties ,*]ries4  #cj ,v>ieties   
,plums4        #ce ,v>ieties ,pea*es4   
#e ,v>ieties ,qu9ces4                   
#bc ,v>ieties ,grapes4  #de ,v>ieties   
,b]ries4        #ce ,v>ieties ,ornam5tal
 ,trees4              #ae ,v>ieties     
,ev]gre5s4                    #dj       
,v>ieties ,roses4  #ec ,v>ieties        
,ornam5tal ,%rubs4              #fj     
,v>ieties ,miscellane\s4  ,writ+ ( ^!   
plates a cu/om] says3--,my exp]i5ce ( a 
numb] ( ye>s at canvass+ ) plates f o!r 
firms has br\ght me to ! conclusion t   
y\r ,li?ograph$ ,plates are ! ,,be/ ,,9 
,,use4 ,n simply because !y are *eap]1 b
 because !y d n become s ,,muss$ ,,&    
,,dauby ,,:5 ,,expos$ ,,to ,,moi/ure4   

,ano!r says3--,! plates are f> ! be/ ,i 
h ev] se54 ,accept my ?anks = y\r       
promptness4   ,,publi%]s ,,(            
,,horticultural ,,art ,,j\rnal1 ,mon?ly1
 #b4jj ,p] ,ye>   ,,t5? ,,ye>4   ,!     
,wiscons9 ,f>m]4   ,a ,sixte5 ,page1    
,sixty-,f\r ,column   ,,agricultural    
,,weekly4   ,,devot$ ,,to   ,,f>m1      
,,horticulture1    ,,live ,,/ock1       
,,dairy+1 ,,p\ltry1      ,,bees1        
,,vet]9>y1 ,,home        ,,fireside ,,& 
,,m>kets4   ,,(ficial ,,organ ,,( ,,!   
,,wiscons9 ,,f>m ,,in/itutes1   ,,&     
,,/ate ,,agricultural ,,society4        
,conta9+ full reports ( ! meet+s &  !   
be/ pap]s deliv]$4   ,,subscription     
,,price1 #a4jj ,,p] ,,ye>4   --         
,,specim5 ,,copies ,,free4   ,,address  
,! ,wiscons9 ,f>m]1   ,,madison1 ,,wis4 
,,x ,,pays to read ,! ,am]ican ,f>m]    
,live ,/ock & ,p\ltry ,rais]4  ,,x      
,,pays to adv]tise 9 ! ,am]ican ,f>m]   
,live ,/ock & ,p\ltry ,rais]4  ,,its    
#ab1jjj ,,circulation  ,,gives ,,ample  
,,evid5ce ,,( ,,its ,,popul>ity  ,,&    

,,gu>antees  ,,excell5t 4 ,,returns 4   
,,to 4 ,,adv]tis]s  ,its ,premium (f]s  
are ,unexcell$4  ,,x ,,is ,,?or\ghly    
,,practical ,,& ,,esp\ses  ,! ,f>m]'s   
,cause  ,,sample ,,copies ,,free4   ,,! 
,,am]ican ,,f>m] ,,publi%+ ,,co41       
,,geo4 ,g4 ,,hill1 ,,manag]4   #abe     
,cl>k ,/reet1 ,,*icago1 ,,ill4     ,d ,y
 ,gr[ ,fl[]s8  ,i always h 9 /ock a l>ge
 collection ( ,roses1 ,g]aniums1        
,fu*sias1 ,c>nations1 ,*rysan!mums &    
,summ] ,b$d+ ,plants4 ,i c supply almo/ 
any?+ 9 ! fl[] l9e at v reasonable      
prices4  ,don't buy until y see my      
,descriptive ,price ,li/4  ,,alb]t ,h4  
,,cl>k1 ,,box #aag1 ,,cambridge1 ,,md   
,d ,y ,gr[ ,/rawb]ries8  ,if y d1 don't 
=get t ,i c>ry an imm5se /ock4          
,/rawb]ries are my specialty1 z my      
entire "t 9 summ] is devot$ to !m4 ,my  
plants are ( ?rifty gr[?1 & true to "n1 
& w satisfy ! mo/ skeptical4 ,don't buy 
until y see my prices4  ,i h cu/om]s 9 e
 /ate4 ,c pack to g any di/ance4        
,,alb]t ,h4 ,,cl>k1 ,,box #aag1         

,,cambridge1 ,,md4   ,! ,national       
,horticulturi/4  ,?is is a live         
,horticultural ,j\rnal & %\ld be 9 ! h&s
 ( e ,fruit ,gr[]1 especially if y gr[  
/rawb]ries4 ,our ,july issue w be wor?  
doll>s to e ,/rawb]ry ,gr[]4            
,subscription price #be cts4 p] ye>4 ,we
 w s5d ! ,national ,horticulturi/ to any
 address = "o ye> & #ej cts4 wor? (     
plants1 y\r selection f my li/s1 = #dj  
cts4 ,we make ?is lib]al (f] to induce y
 to try our pap] & plants4 ,s5d = sample
 copies4  ,,alb]t ,h4 ,,cl>k1 ,box #aag1
 ,cambridge4 ,md4      ,,! ,delaw>e ,f>m
 & ,home  ,is especially devot$ to !    
fruit gr[+ & truck+ int]e/s ( ! ,delaw>e
 & ,*esapeake ,p59sula1 a region (      
c\ntry1 :i* by its peculi> surr\nd+s &  
climate1 is inve/$ ) special int]e/ to  
all4 ,x is a l>ge eight-page1 =ty-column
 pap]1 publi%$ weekly1 at #a4jj p] ye>4 
,we c\ld fill ?is page ) te/imonials z  
to its value b "o or two w suffice3     
,dr4 ,erw9 ,f4 ,smi?1 :o is inve/igat+ !
 pea* yell[s subject1 z ! special ag5t (

 ! ,agricultural ,dep>tm5t1 wrote a %ort
 "t ago3 ,,! ,,f>m ,,& ,,home is a good 
pap] & is con/antly improv+4 ,i read x )
 great int]e/ e week & e numb] has      
some?+ ( special value to me4  ,dr4 ,e4 
,lewis ,/urtevant1 late ,director ( !   
,new ,york ,exp]im5t ,/ation1 at ,g5eva1
 wrote3 ,i read ,,! ,,delaw>e ,,f>m ,,& 
,,home ) int]e/4 ,x gives evid5ce ( be+ 
e>ne/ly 9 favor ( ! f>m]'s improvem5t & 
progress4  ,we are prep>$ to (f]        
especially attractive inducem5ts to "y  
m5 & "y wom5 :o are will+ to canvass = x
 regul>ly or dur+ _! leisure h\rs4      
,,address  ,,wesley1 ,,webb             
,,co41--,,wilm+ton1 ,,del4     ,,!      
,,s\!rn ,,cultivator ,,& ,,dixie ,,f>m]4
  #di? ,,ye>4  ,! ,great ,f>m1          
,indu/rial & ,/ock ,p]iodical ( ! ,s\?4 
,x embraces 9 its con/itu5cy !          
intellig5t1 progressive & sub/antially  
successful f>m]s ( ?is section1 & z an  
adv]tis+ m$ium = ! ,m]*ant1             
,manufactur]1 ,/ock-rais] & ,pr(essional
 man is  ,,absolutely ,,unequal$4       

,space judici\sly employ$ 9 its columns 
is always remun]ative4  ,by rec5t       
pur*ases x n[ comb9es3   ,! ,,dixie     
,,f>m]4 ,atlanta1 ,ga4  ,! ,,plantation1
 ,montgom]y1 ,ala4  ,! ,,rural ,,sun1   
,na%ville1 ,t5n4  ,! ,,s\!rn ,,f>m]',s  
,,mon?ly1 ,savannah1 ,ga4  ,,s\!rn ,,_w1
 ,atlanta1  ,! ,,pho5ix ,,agriculturi/1 
,m>ietta1 ,ga4  ,& unites ! patrons ( ^!
 ) its own l>ge li/ ( subscrib]s4 ,!    
press & p all te/ify to its great m]its 
z a m$ium = controll+ ,s\!rn trade4     
,subscription1 "o ye> 9 advance1 po/age 
paid1 #a4jj4 ,sample copies s5t free4   
,adv]tisem5ts1 p] l9e1 #cj;c4 ,we g to  
press ! #bj? ( ea* mon? prec$+ our date4
   ,,! ,,cultivator ,,publi%+ ,,company1
 ,p4,o4 ,draw] #h4 ,,atlanta1 ,,ga4     
----------------------------------------
-------                  ,transcrib]'s  
,note3                                  
,"s inconsi/5t hyph5ation & spell+ 9    
! orig9al docum5t h be5 pres]v$4        
,typographical errors correct$ 9 ! text3
                                        

,page  #bi  exepri5c$ *ang$ to exp]i5c$ 
,page  #ca  two *ang$ to too            
,page  #cb  y add$ to ra9               
,page  #dc  looses *ang$ to loses       
,page  #dd  t[>ds *ang$ to t[>d         
,page  #gb  v>ities *ang$ to v>ieties   
,page  #ge  v>ities *ang$ to v>ieties   
,page  #he  plans *ang$ to plants       
,page #aje  ,hamptnos *ang$ to ,hamptons
              ,page #ajf  successfuly   
*ang$ to successfully       ,page #ajh  
v>ities *ang$ to v>ieties               
,page #aji  v>ities *ang$ to v>ieties   
,page #aaj  v>ities *ang$ to v>ieties   
,page #aab  aquir$ *ang$ to acquir$     
,page #ada  ,surpise *ang$ to ,surprise 
,page #add  exp]imant *ang$ to exp]im5t 
,page #aef  ,?ornburn *ang$ to  ,?orburn
            ,page #aei  extrane\s a     
remov$                    ,page #afc    
boquet *ang$ to b\quet                  
,page #agd  v>ities *ang$ to v>ieties   
,page #agf  v>ities *ang$ to v>ieties   
,page #ahj  v>ities *ang$ to v>ieties   
,page #ahb  v>ities *ang$ to v>ieties   

,page #ahc  prece$+ *ang$ to prec$+     
,page #ahf  ,v>ities *ang$ to ,v>ieties 
,page #bjf  d[nw>ds *ang$ to d[nw>d     
,page #baa  ,a *ang$ to ,a              
,page #bab  r9ce *ang$ to r9se          
,page #bab  mayonaise *ang$ to          
mayonnaise           ,page #bbd  boquet 
*ang$ to b\quet                 ,page   
#bbf  ,j>d5i] *ang$ to ,j>d9i]          
,page #bbg  ,x *ang$ to x               
,page #bcc  noticably *ang$ to          
noticeably           ,page #bcf         
,,horticultre *ang$ to ,,horticulture   
,page #bci  ,delew>e *ang$ to ,delaw>e  
,page #bci  ,/utrevant *ang$ to         
,/urtevant                              
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