,transcrib]'s ,note3 ,! use ( 's ar\nd a ^w signifies t ! ^w 0 spac$ out 9 ! orig9al l i k e t h i s4 ,illu/ration3 ,,free ,,academy1 ,,new ,,york4 ,see p4 #chf4 ,,popul> ,,education3 ,,= ,,! ,,use ,,( ,,p>5ts ,,& ,,tea*]s1 ,,& ,,= ,,"y ,,p]sons ,,( ,,bo? ,,sexes4 ,,prep>$ ,,& ,,publi%$ ,,9 ,,accordance ,,) ,a ,,resolution ,,( ,,! ,,s5ate ,,& ,,h\se ,,( ,,repres5tatives ,,( ,,! ,/ate ( ,mi*igan4 ,,by ,,ira ,,mayhew1 ,a4,m41 ,,late ,,sup]9t5d5t ,,( ,,public ,,in/ruction4 ,,new ,,york3 ,,h>p] ,,bro!rs1 ,,publi%]s1 #hb ,,cliff ,,/reet4 #ahej4 ,ent]$1 accord+ to ,act ( ,congress1 9 ! ye> "o ?\s& eight hundr$ & fifty1 by ,,ira ,,mayhew1 9 ! ,cl]k's ,(fice ( ! ,di/rict ,c\rt ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates = ! ,di/rict ( ,mi*igan4 ,/ate ( ,mi*igan3 ,,h\se ,,( ,,repres5tatives1 ,lans+1 ,febru>y #bg? #ahdi4 ,,hon4 ,,ira ,,mayhew1 ,sup]9t5d5t ( ,public ,in/ruction3 ,,sir3 ,i am in/ruct$ by ! ,h\se ( ,repres5tatives to transmit to y ! foll[+ preamble & resolution1 & to respectfully in=m y t ! same 7 ?is day unanim\sly adopt$ by ! ,h\se4 ,i am1 sir1 v respectfully1 y\r ob$i5t s]vant1 ,a4 ,w4 ,,hovey1 ,cl]k ( ! ,h\se ( ,repres5tatives4 ,:]eas1 ,9 ! op9ion ( ?is ,h\se1 a ,manual on ! subject ( ,popul> ,education1 embrac+ su* consid]ations z %all h a t5d5cy to ar\se ! popul> m9d to a due appreciation ( ! importance--9 a political1 social1 moral1 & religi\s po9t ( view--( secur+ to e *ild 9 all our bord]s a good common s*ool education1 toge!r ) su* in/ructions to citiz5s & tea*]s z %all con/itute a directory to ! highe/ improvem5t ( :i* our prim>y s*ools are susceptible1 is a desid]atum2 !re=e1 ,resolv$1 by ! ,h\se ( ,repres5tatives ( ! ,/ate ( ,mi*igan3 ,t ! ,hon4 ,,ira ,,mayhew1 ! pres5t ,sup]9t5d5t ( ,public ,in/ruction 9 ?is /ate1 be reque/$ to prep>e = publication1 9 book =m1 ! v>i\s matt]s set =? 9 8 public ,lectures1 deliv]$ by reque/ ( ! ,legislature1 9 ! ,hall ( ! ,h\se1 dur+ ! pres5t session1 toge!r ) su* o!r matt] z1 9 8 judgm5t1 w\ld t5d to ! fur!r improvem5t ( our sy/em ( public in/ruction2 to ! end t ! necess>y in=mation 9 reg>d to ?is subject may be diffus$ ?r\gh\t ! /ate & nation4 99 99 99 ,a ,preamble & ,resolution simil> to ! prec$+ 7 likewise adopt$ by ! ,s5ate4 ,,preface4 ,:o is suffici5t = ^! ?+s8 is a "q :i* any "o may well ask :5 sitt+ d[n to ! prep>ation ( a treatise on popul> education4 ,! au?or ( ?is "w w\ld h %runk f ! und]tak+1 b f def]5ce to ! judgm5t ( ! honorable body t unanim\sly invit$ its prep>ation4 ,he has also be5 enc\rag$ n a little by _m k9d fri5ds1 "o ( :om1 di/+ui%$ = 8 labors 9 ! dep>tm5t ( public in/ruction1 writ+ f ,new ,engl&1 says1 ,i rejoice at y\r good beg9n+s at ! ,we/4 ,y h a noble & inspir+ field ( action4 ',no p5t-up ,utica contracts y\r p[]s4' ,i besee* y1 fail n to fill x ) y\r glori\s educational tru?1 ?\gh y %\ld p\r out y\r _s & y\r life to d s4 ,! duties requir$ by law ( ! ,sup]9t5d5t ( ,public ,in/ruction 9 ! ,/ate ( ,mi*igan are comp>atively few4 ,! au?or1 h[ev]1 five ye>s ago1 & soon aft] ent]+ ^u ! dis*>ge ( ^? duties1 und]took volunt>y labors = ! purpose ( awak5+ a deep] int]e/ ) all classes ( ! community 9 behalf ( common s*ools1 & ( inspir+ confid5ce 9 _! r$eem+ p[]1 :5 improv$ z !y may be1 con/itut+1 z !y d1 ! only reliable in/rum5tality = ! prop] tra9+ ( ! ris+ g5]ation4 ,^! labors1 :i* 7 hail$ z promis+ great usefulness1 & :i* 7 prosecut$ 9 e c\nty ( ! /ate1 7 e :]e receiv$ ) unexpect$ favor1 & con/itute ! f\ndation ( ! pres5t volume4 ,_m ( ! subjects !n discuss$ are "h greatly amplifi$4 ,among ! lectures ref]r$ to 9 ! resolution "u :i* ?is "w has be5 und]tak51 0 "o on ! ,mi*igan ,s*ool ,sy/em4 ,b z ! ,conv5tion = ! revision ( ! ,con/itution ( ?is /ate is n[ 9 session1 x has be5 deem$ advisable to omit1 9 ?is connection1 ! ext5sive consid]ation ( ! details ( t sy/em4 ,?is may con/itute ! !me ( a small manual :i* %all h]eaft] appe>4 ,9 ! pres5t volume ! au?or has endeavor$ s to pres5t ! subject ( popul> education1 :i* %\ld h ref]5ce to ! :ole man--! body1 ! m9d1 & ! he>t--& s to unfold its nature1 advantages1 & claims1 z to make x e :]e acceptable4 ,nay1 m1 he w\ld h a good common education consid]$ z ! inali5able "r ( e *ild 9 ! community1 & h x plac$ fir/ among ! necess>ies ( life4 ,= ! bett] accompli%m5t ( 8 object1 he has freely drawn f ! writ+s ( practical educators1 8 aim be+ usefulness r ?an orig9ality4 ,?is c\rse has be5 adopt$1 9 "s in/ances1 = ! sole purpose ( en=c+ ! s5tim5ts inculcat$ by ! au?ority ( ! names introduc$4 ,ackn[l$gm5ts h g5]ally be5 made 9 ! body ( ! "w4 ,^! may h be5 un9t5tionally omitt$ 9 "s in/ances1 & especially 9 ^? portions ( ! "w :i* 7 writt5 sev]al ye>s ago1 & ! s\rces :5ce in=mation 0 drawn are n[ unkn[n4 ,an exam9ation ( ! table ( cont5ts1 & especially ( ! index at ! end ( ! volume1 w %[ ! range ( subjects consid]$1 & _! adaptation to ! wants & necessities1 ,i may say1 ( ! sev]al classes ( p]sons nam$ 9 ! title-page1 = ^: use x 0 und]tak54 ,writt51 z x has be51 = ,p>5ts & ,tea*]s1 & = ,"y ,p]sons ( bo? sexes1 x is :at its title implies--a treatise on ,popul> ,education--& is equally applicable to ! wants ( families & s*ools 9 e portion ( our wide-spread c\ntry4 ,) all its imp]fections1 ( :i* no "o c be m s5sible ?an ! au?or1 ?is volume is giv5 to ! public1 ) ! hope t x may contribute1 9 "s degree1 to advance ! "w ( g5]al education 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 b m especially 9 ! ,/ate ( ,mi*igan4 ,,ira ,,mayhew4 ,monroe1 ,mi*41 ,july #d?1 #ahej4 ,,cont5ts4 ,,*apt] ,i4 ,9 :at does a correct ,education consi/8 ,page #ac ,,*apt] ,,ii4 ,! ,importance ( ,physical ,education #bh ,,*apt] ,,iii4 ,physical ,education--,! ,laws ( ,heal? #dd ,,*apt] ,,iv4 ,! ,laws ( ,heal?--,philosophy ( ,respiration #ha ,,*apt] ,v4 ,! ,nature ( ,intellectual & ,moral ,education #aaa ,,*apt] ,,vi4 ,! ,education ( ! ,five ,s5ses #adf ,,*apt] ,,vii4 ,! ,necessity ( ,moral & ,religi\s ,education #aic ,,*apt] ,,viii4 ,! ,importance ( ,popul> ,education #bbd ,education dissipates ! ,evils ( ,ignorance #bbf ,education increases ! ,productiv5ess ( ,labor #bec ,education dim9i%es ,paup]ism & ,crime #bhf ,education increases human ,happ9ess #caa ,,*apt] ,,ix4 ,political ,necessity ( ,national ,education #cbe ,! ,practicability ( ,national ,education #cec ,,*apt] ,x4 ,! ,means ( ,univ]sal ,education #cfb ,good ,s*ool-h\ses %\ld be provid$ #cgb ,well-qualifi$ ,tea*]s %\ld be employ$ #daj ,s*ools %\ld cont9ue ?r\gh ! ,ye> #ddj ,e ,*ild %\ld att5d ,s*ool #ddb ,! r$eem+ ,p[] ( ,common ,s*ools #ded ,,index4 #dfa ,,national ,,popul> ,,education4 ,,*apt] ,i4 ,,9 ,,:at ,,does ,a ,,correct ,,education ,,consi/8 ,i call t education :i* embraces ! culture ( ! :ole man1 ) all 8 faculties--subject+ 8 s5ses1 8 und]/&+1 & 8 passions to reason1 to consci5ce1 & to ! evangelical laws ( ! ,*ri/ian revelation4--,,de ,,fell5b]g4 ,f ! beg9n+ ( human records to ! pres5t "t1 ! inf]ior animals h *ang$ z little z ! h]bage ^u :i* !y fe$1 or ! trees b5ea? :i* !y f9d %elt]4 ,9 "o g5]ation1 !y atta9 all ! p]fection ( :i* _! nature is susceptible4 ,t ,be+ )\t ^: notice n ev5 a sp>r[ falls to ! gr\nd1 has provid$ = ! supply ( _! wants1 & has adapt$ ea* to ! elem5t 9 :i* x moves4 ,to birds he has giv5 a clo?+ ( fea!rs2 & to quadrup$s1 ( furs1 adapt$ to _! latitudes4 ,:]e art is requisite 9 provid+ food = future want1 or 9 con/ruct+ a ne$ful habitation1 z 9 ! case ( ! bee & ! beav]1 a peculi> aptitude has be5 be/[$1 :i*1 9 all ! inf]ior races ( animals1 has be5 f\nd adequate to _! necessities4 ,! crocodile t issues f its egg 9 ! w>m s&1 & nev] sees its p>5t1 becomes1 x has be5 well said1 z p]fect & z kn[+ z any crocodile4 ,n s ) man6 ,he comes into ! _w1 says an eloqu5t writ]1 ! mo/ helpless & dep5d5t ( liv+ be+s1 long to cont9ue s4 ,if des]t$ by p>5ts at an e>ly age1 s t he c le>n only :at ! exp]i5ce ( "o life may tea* him--z to a few individuals has happ5$1 :o yet h atta9$ maturity 9 woods & des]ts--he gr[s up 9 "s respect inf]ior to ! nobl] brutes4 ,n[1 z reg>ds _m regions ( ! e>?1 hi/ory exhibits ! e>ly human inhabitants 9 /ates ( ignorance & b>b>ism1 n f> remov$ f ?is l[e/ possible grade1 :i* civiliz$ m5 may %udd] to contemplate4 ,b ^! c\ntries1 occupi$ =m]ly by /raggl+ hordes ( mis]able savages1 :o c\ld sc>cely def5d !mselves aga9/ ! wild bea/s t %>$ ! woods ) !m1 & ! inclem5cies ( ! wea!r1 & ! consequ5ces ( want & fatigue2 & :o to ea* o!r 7 (t5 m dang]\s ?an any wild bea/s1 unceas+ly w>r+ among !mselves1 & de/roy+ ea* o!r ) e species ( savage1 & ev5 cannibal cruelty--c\ntries s occupi$ =m]ly1 are n[ become ! abodes ( myriads ( peaceful1 civiliz$1 & fri5dly m51 :]e ! des]t & imp5etrable =e/ are *ang$ into cultivat$ fields1 ri* g>d5s1 & magnific5t cities4 ,x is ! /rong intellect ( man1 op]at+ ) ! faculty ( language z a means1 :i* has gradually work$ ?is wond]ful *ange4 ,by language1 fa!rs communicat$ _! ga!r$ exp]i5ce & reflections to _! *ildr51 & ^! to succe$+ *ildr51 ) new accumulation2 & :51 aft] _m g5]ations1 ! preci\s /ore _h gr[n until memory c\ld conta9 no m1 ! arts ( writ+1 & !n ( pr9t+1 arose1 mak+ language visible & p]man5t1 & enl>g+ illimitably ! repositories ( k4 ,language ?us1 at ! pres5t mom5t ( ! _w's exi/5ce1 may be said to b9d ! :ole human race ( unc\nt$ millions into "o gigantic rational be+1 ^: memory rea*es to ! beg9n+s ( writt5 records1 & reta9s imp]i%ably ! important ev5ts t h occurr$2 ^: judgm5t1 analyz+ ! treasures ( memory1 has discov]$ _m ( ! sublime & un*ang+ laws ( nature1 & has built on !m all ! arts ( life1 & ?r\gh !m1 pi]c+ f> into futurity1 sees cle>ly _m ( ! ev5ts t are to come2 & ^: eyes1 & e>s1 & obs]v+ m9d at ?is mom5t1 9 e corn] ( ! e>?1 are wat*+ & record+ new ph5om5a1 = ! purpose ( /ill bett] compreh5d+ ! magnific5ce & beautiful ord] ( creation1 & ( m wor?ily ador+ its b5efic5t ,au?or4 ,x might be v int]e/+ to %[ "h1 9 m9ute detail1 h[ ! arts ( civilization h progress$ 9 accordance ) ! gradual increase ( man's k ( ! univ]se2 b x w\ld lead too f> f ! ma9 subject4 ,! prec$+ sket* may rem9d u ( ! l[ condition ( man 9 a /ate ( ignorance & b>b>ism1 & ( ! high condition to :i* he may be br\ght by cultivation4 ,we possess a mat]ial & an immat]ial "p1 mutually dep5d5t on ea* o!r4 ,on "o h&1 we may well say to corruption1 ,?\ art my fa!r2 & to ! worm1 ,?\ art my "m & my si/]4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ! ,psalmi/ says ( man1 ,?\ ha/ made him a little l[] ?an ! angels4 ,9 ! ,scriptures we le>n ! orig9 & hi/ory ( man--! subject ( education4 ,he 0 creat$ 9 ! image ( 8 ,mak]4 ,x 0 8 delightful employm5t1 9 innoc5cy1 to dress ! beautiful g>d5 9 :i* he dwelt4 ,pres5tly we le>n he transgress$4 ,8 subsequ5t c>e] becomes infelicit\s4 ,9 ! e>li] hi/ory ( ! human race1 ! days ( 8 pilgrimage 7 protract$ sev]al hundr$ ye>s4 ,9 process ( "t1 because ( ! preval5ce ( s91 a univ]sal deluge swept away ! entire family ( man1 save "o--a prea*] ( righte\sness--& ^? ( 8 h\sehold4 ,subsequ5tly 8 days 7 %ort5$ to ?ree score ye>s & t54 ,mu* ( ?is "t is consum$ 9 helpless infancy1 9 sleep1 & 9 secur+ ! necess>y means ( support+ animal life4 ,?is1 x w\ld seem1 is calamity en\gh2 b n s4 ,man f9ds himself beset ) temptations on e side1 to deep5 & p]petuate 8 degradation1 by giv+ reign to unbridl$ passion4 ,b a ,light has %9$ ^u 8 d>k pa?way1 po9t+ him to a bright] c\ntry1 & beckon+ him ?i!r4 ,"u ^! adv]se circum/ances1 x becomes ! duty ( ! ,educator to unfold ! op5+ en]gies ( 8 y\?ful *>ge2 to mold _! pla/ic "*1 & to assi/ _! ef=ts 9 ! recov]y ( t :i* 0 lo/1 & 9 ! atta9m5t ( immortality & et]nal life4 ,^! are /rong views1 ,i am aw>e2 b no?+ less w\ld be adequate to ! nature & wants ( man4 ,9 ^! views ,i am fully su/a9$ by ne>ly e writ] ( any di/9ction 9 ,europe & ,am]ica4 ,9 a volume ( prize essays on ! exp$i5cy & means ( elevat+ ! pr(ession ( ! educator 9 society1 publi%$ 9 ,london1 "u ! direction ( ! c5tral society ( education1 "o ( ! writ]s1 introduc+ a quotation f an ,am]ican au?or1 says1 ,i c n resi/ ! pleasure ( quot+ a few ( ,alcott's brief s5t5ces1 by way ( conclusion to ! pres5t division ( ! argum5t4 ,! voice t has be5 s5t a?w>t ! ,atlantic may f9d an e*o 9 "s ,briti% bosoms4 ,^! are its words3 ,education includes all ^? influ5ces & discipl9es by :i* ! faculties ( man are unfold$ & p]fect$4 ,x is t ag5cy t takes ! helpless & plead+ infant f ! h&s ( its ,creator1 &1 appreh5d+ its entire nature1 tempts x =?1 n[ by au/]e1 & n[ by k9dly influ5ces & discipl9es1 & ?us molds x at la/ into ! image ( a p]fect man2 arm$ at all po9ts to use ! body1 nature1 & life = its gr[? & r5ewal1 & to hold dom9ion ov] ! fluctuat+ ?+s ( ! outw>d4 ,x seeks to realize 9 ! s\l ! image ( ! ,creator4 ,its end is a p]fect man4 ,its aim1 ?r\gh e /age ( influ5ce1 is self-r5ewal4 ,! body1 nature1 & life are its in/rum5ts & mat]ials4 ,jesus is its wor?ie/ ideal--,*ri/ianity its pure/ organ4 ,! ,gospels are its fulle/ text-book--g5ius is its inspiration--hol9ess its law--temp]ance its discipl9e--immortality its rew>d4 ,says ,dr4 ,h[e1 9 a lecture be=e ! ,am]ican ,in/itute ( ,in/ruction1 ,education %\ld h = its aim ! developm5t & greate/ possible p]fection ( ! :ole nature ( man3 8 moral1 intellectual1 & physical nature4 ,my beau ideal ( human nature w\ld be a be+ ^: intellectual faculties 7 active & enlight5$2 ^: moral s5tim5ts 7 dignifi$ & firm2 ^: physical =mation 0 heal?y & beautiful3 :oev] falls %ort ( ?is1 9 "o p>ticul>--be x 9 b ! lea/1 beauty & vigor ( body--falls %ort ( ! /&>d ( p]fection4 ,to ?is /&>d1 ,i believe1 man is approa*+2 & ,i believe ! "t w soon be :5 specim5s ( x w n be r>e4 ,! foll[+ ?\ghts are drawn f a treatise on ! ,m5tal ,illum9ation & ,moral ,improvem5t ( ,mank9d1 by t v judici\s & celebrat$ writ]1 ,dr4 ,dick1 ( ,scotl&4 ,! education ( human be+s1 consid]$ 9 its mo/ ext5sive s5se1 compreh5ds e ?+ :i* is requisite to ! cultivation & improvem5t ( ! faculties be/[$ ^u !m by ! ,creator4 ,x ought to embrace e ?+ t has a t5d5cy to /r5g!n & invigorate ! animal sy/em2 to enlight5 & exp& ! und]/&+2 to regulate ! feel+s & dispositions ( ! he>t2 &1 9 g5]al1 to direct ! moral p[]s 9 su* a mann] z to r5d] ^? :o are ! subjects ( in/ruction happy 9 !mselves1 useful memb]s ( society1 & qualifi$ = ent]+ ^u ! sc5es & employm5ts ( a future & m glori\s exi/5ce4 ,x is a v common b absurd notion1 & "o t has be5 too long act$ ^u1 t ! education ( y\? t]m9ates1 or %\ld t]m9ate1 ab\t ! age ( ?irte5 or f\rte5 ye>s4 ,h5ce1 9 an article on ?is subject 9 "o ( our encyclop$ias1 education is def9$ to be t s]ies ( means by :i* ! human und]/&+ is gradually enlight5$1 betwe5 infancy & ! p]iod :5 we consid] ourselves z qualifi$ to take a "p 9 active life1 &1 ceas+ to direct our views to ! acquisition ( new k or ! =mation ( new habits1 are cont5t to act ^u ! pr9ciples we h already acquir$4 ,?is def9ition1 ?\gh accordant ) g5]al op9ion & practice1 is c]ta9ly a v limit$ & defective view ( ! subject4 ,9 ! ord9>y mode ( our s*ola/ic in/ruction1 education1 s f> f be+ f9i%$ at ! age above /at$1 c sc>cely be said to h comm5c$4 ,! key ( k has inde$ be5 put into ! h&s ( ! "y2 b !y h nev] be5 taught to unlock ! gates to ! temple ( sci5ce1 to ent] )9 its portals1 to contemplate its treasures1 & to fea/ _! m9ds on ! ent]ta9m5ts !re provid$4 ,sev]al moral maxims h be5 impress$ on _! memories2 b !y h seldom be5 taught to appreciate !m 9 all _! be>+s1 or to r$uce !m to practice 9 ! v>i\s & m9ute ramifications ( _! conduct4 ,besides1 al?\gh e rational means 7 employ$ = tra9+ ! y\?ful m9d till ! age above nam$1 no valid reason c be assign$ :y regul> in/ruction %\ld cease at ?is e>ly p]iod4 ,man is a progressive be+2 8 faculties are capable ( an indef9ite expansion2 ! objects to :i* ^! faculties may be direct$ are b\ndless & inf9itely div]sifi$2 he is mov+ onw>d to an et]nal _w1 &1 9 ! pres5t /ate1 c nev] expect to grasp ! univ]sal sy/em ( creat$ objects1 or to rise to ! highe/ po9t ( moral excell5ce4 ,8 tuition1 !re=e1 c n be suppos$ to t]m9ate at any p]iod ( 8 t]re/rial exi/5ce2 & ! c\rse ( 8 life ought to be consid]$ z no?+ m ?an ! c\rse ( 8 education4 ,:5 he closes 8 eyes 9 dea?1 & bids a la/ adieu to e ?+ "h bel[1 he passes into a m p]man5t & expansive /ate ( exi/5ce1 :]e 8 education w likewise be progressive1 & :]e intellig5ces ( a high] ord] may be 8 in/ructors2 & ! education he receiv$ 9 ?is transitory sc5e1 if x 0 prop]ly conduct$1 w f\nd ! gr\nd-"w ( all 8 future progressions 9 k & virtue ?r\gh\t ! succe$+ p]iods ( et]nity4 ,!re are two v gl>+ defects :i* appe> 9 mo/ ( our treatises on education4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 ! moral tuition ( y\?ful m9ds1 & ! gr& pr9ciples ( religion :i* ought to direct _! views & conduct1 are ei!r entirely ov]look$1 or treat$ ( 9 s vague & g5]al a mann]1 z to induce a belief t !y are consid]$ matt]s ( v inf]ior mom5t2 &1 9 ! bus9ess ( tea*+1 & ! sup]9t5d5ce ( ! "y1 ! moral precepts ( ,*ri/ianity are seldom made to be> ) p>ticul>ity ^u e malignant affection t manife/s itself1 & e m9or del9qu5cy t appe>s 9 _! conduct1 or to direct ! b5evol5t affections h[ to op]ate 9 e giv5 circum/ance1 & 9 all _! int]c\rses & associations4 ,9 ! next place1 ! idea t man is a be+ de/9$ to an immortal exi/5ce1 is almo/1 if n altoge!r ov]look$4 ,volumes h be5 writt5 on ! be/ modes ( tra9+ m5 = ! pr(ession ( a soldi]1 ( a naval (fic]1 ( a m]*ant1 ( a physician1 ( a lawy]1 ( a cl]gyman1 & ( a /atesman2 b ,i "k ( no treatise on ?is subject :i*1 9 connection ) o!r subord9ate aims1 has = its gr& object to develop t tra9 ( in/ruction :i* is mo/ appropriate = man consid]$ z a c&idate = immortality4 ,?is is ! m unacc\ntable1 s9ce1 9 ! works allud$ to1 ! et]nal de/9y ( human be+s is n call$ 9 "q1 & is sometimes ref]r$ to z a g5]al position :i* c n be d5i$2 yet ! means ( in/ruction requisite to guide !m 9 safety to _! f9al de/9ation1 & to prep>e !m = ! employm5ts ( _! ev]la/+ abode1 are ei!r ov]look$1 or ref]r$ to 9 g5]al t]ms1 z if !y 7 unwor?y ( p>ticul> consid]ation4 ,to admit ! doctr9e ( ! immortality ( ! human s\l1 & yet to leave out ! consid]ation ( x1 9 a sy/em ( m5tal in/ruction1 is bo? impi\s & prepo/]\s1 & inconsi/5t ) ! pr9ciple on :i* we g5]ally act 9 o!r cases1 :i* requires t affairs ( ! greate/ mom5t %\ld occupy our *ief att5tion4 ,if man is only a transitory inhabitant ( ?is l[] _w2 if he is j\rney+ to ano!r & m important sc5e ( action & enjoym5t2 if 8 abode 9 ?is high] sc5e is to be p]man5t & et]nal2 & if ! c\rse ( in/ruction ?r\gh :i* he n[ passes has an important be>+ on 8 happ9ess 9 t /ate1 & 8 prep>ation = its enjoym5ts--if all ?is be true1 !n surely e sy/em ( education mu/ be gl>+ly defective :i* ei!r ov]looks or ?r[s into ! %ade ! immortal de/9ation ( human be+s4 ,if ^! s5tim5ts be admitt$ z j1 ! education ( ! "y becomes a subject ( ! highe/ importance4 ,!re c n be an object m int]e/+ to ,sci5ce1 to ,religion1 & to g5]al ,*ri/ian society1 ?an ! =m+ ( ^? arrangem5ts1 & ! e/abli%+ ( ^? in/itutions1 :i* are calculat$ to tra9 ! m9ds ( all to k & moral rectitude1 & to guide _! /eps 9 ! pa? :i* leads to a bless$ immortality4 ,9 ?is process !re is no p]iod 9 human life t aught to be ov]look$4 ,we mu/ comm5ce ! "w ( in/ruction :5 ! fir/ dawn+ ( reason beg9s to appe>1 & cont9ue ! process ?r\gh all ! succe$+ p]iods ( mortal exi/5ce1 till ! _s takes its flight to ! _w unkn[n4 ,:ile we w\ld br+ cle>ly into view ! nature ( t education :i* is ne$ful = man1 consid]$ z a c&idate = immortality1 we w\ld by no means ov]look ^? subord9ate aims :i* h ref]5ce to 8 pres5t condition1 & ! relations he su/a9s 9 ?is life4 ,! two are s intimately connect$1 & su/a9 su* a reciprocal relation to ea* o!r1 t ea* is be/ secur$ by t sy/em ( tra9+ & 9 ! use ( ^? appliances by :i* ! o!r is mo/ successfully promot$4 ,9 tra9+ ! ris+ g5]ation = ! prop] dis*>ge ( _! duty to !mselves & to "o ano!r--z *ildr51 & subsequ5tly z p>5ts2 z memb]s ( society & citiz5s ( free & indep5d5t /ates--we at ! same "t be/ promote _! int]e/s z c&idates = immortality4 ,x is equally true t any sy/em ( education :i* omits to provide = man's highe/ & endur+ wants z an immortal be+1 9 a proportionate degree falls %ort ( provid+ = 8 de>e/ int]e/s & be/ good 9 ?is life4 ,! sy/em ( education :i* we %\ld promote compreh5ds :atev] may h any good influ5ce 9 develop+ ! m9d1 by giv+ direction to ?\ght1 or bias ! motives ( action4 ,to lead infancy 9 ! pa? ( duty1 to give direction to an immortal _s1 & to tea* x to aspire by well-do+ to ! rew>ds ( virtue1 is ! fir/ /ep ( in/ruction4 ,to y\?1 education imp>ts t k ^: ways are usefulness & honor1 & by due re/ra9t & subord9ation1 makes individual to intw9e ) public good 9 a j obs]vance ( laws1 compreh5d+ ! pa? ( duty4 ,to manhood1 x leads him to reflect on ! ties t unite him ) fri5ds1 ) k9dr$1 & ) ! great family ( mank9d1 & makes 8 bosom gl[ ) social t5d]ness2 x confirms ! emotions ( sympa?y into habitual b5evol5ce1 imp>ts to him ! elat+ delight ( rejoic+ ) ^? :o rejoice1 &1 if 8 means are n always adequate to ! sugge/ions ( 8 *>ity1 soo!s him at la/ ) ! melan*oly pleasure ( weep+ ) ^? :o weep4 ,to age1 x gives consolation1 by remembrance ( ! pa/1 & anticipation ( ! future4 ,wisdom is drawn f exp]i5ce1 to give con/ancy to virtue2 & amid all ! vicissitudes ( life1 x enables him to repose un%ak5 confid5ce 9 t goodness :i*1 by ! arrangem5t ( ! univ]se1 con/antly incites him to p]petual progress 9 excell5ce & felicity4 ,education is ! gr[? & improvem5t ( ! m9d4 ,its great object is imm$iate & prospective happ9ess4 ,t1 !n1 is ! be/ education :i* secures to ! individual & to ! _w ! greate/ am\nt ( p]man5t happ9ess1 & t ! be/ sy/em :i* mo/ effectually accompli%es ?is gr& design4 ,h[ f> ?is is accompli%$ by ! pres5t sy/ems ( education is n easily det]m9$1 b t x fails 9 _m important consid]ations c n admit ( a d\bt4 ,x is fe>$ t1 by a great majority1 a wrong e/imate is made ( education4 ,is x n g5]ally consid]$ z a means :i* mu/ be employ$ to accompli% "s o!r purpose1 & consequ5tly made subs]vi5t & second>y to ! employm5ts ( life8 ,is x n consid]$ z be+ conta9$ 9 books1 & a c]ta9 r\t9e ( /udies1 :i*1 :5 gone ?r\gh )1 is believ$ to be accompli%$1 & consequ5tly laid by1 to be us$ z int]e/ may sugge/ or conv5i5ce dem&8 ,education compreh5ds all ! improvem5ts ( ! m9d f ! cradle to ! grave4 ,e man is :at education has made him1 :e!r he has drunk deep at ! ,pi]ian spr+1 or sipp$ at ! humble/ f\nta94 ,! philosoph]1 ^: compreh5sive m9d c scan ! univ]se1 & read & int]pret ! ph5om5a ( nature2 ^: heav5-aspir+ _s c so> beyond ! b\nd>ies ( "t1 indulge 9 ! anticipation ( immortality1 & disc]n 9 ! pa/1 ! pres5t1 & ! future ! all-p]vad+ _s ( b5evol5ce1 is equally ! *ild ( education ) him ^: s\l pr\d sci5ce nev] taught to feel its wants1 & "k h[ little may be kn[n4 ,z we h already said1 man possesses a mat]ial & an immat]ial "p1 mutually dep5d5t on ea* o!r4 ,^! are s intimately connect$1 & su/a9 su* a reciprocal relation to ea* o!r1 t nei!r c be neglect$ )\t detrim5t to bo?4 ,! body cont9ually modifies ! /ate ( ! m9d1 & ! m9d ev] v>ies ! condition ( ! body4 ,m5tal & physical tra9+ %\ld1 !n1 g toge!r4 ,t sy/em ( in/ruction :i* relates exclusively to ei!r1 is a p>tial sy/em1 & its fate mu/ be t ( a h\se divid$ aga9/ itself4 ,education has ref]5ce to ! :ole man4 ,x seeks to make him a complete creature aft] 8 k9d1 giv+ to bo? m9d & body all ! p[]1 all ! beauty1 & all ! p]fection ( :i* !y are capable4 ,our sy/ems ( education h hi!rto fall5 f> %ort ( ?is high & only true /&>d4 ,education1 9 too _m in/ances1 has be5 conf9$1 almo/ entirely1 to ei!r ! physical1 intellectual1 or moral en]gies ( m54 ,) ! great] "p1 x has be5 limit$ to ! physical p[]s4 ,no ef=t has be5 made to develop any b _! bodily /r5g?1 animal passions1 & in/9ctive feel+s4 ,accord+ly1 ! great mass ( mank9d are rais$ b little above inf]ior animals4 ,!y labor h>d1 & boa/ ( _! /r5g?2 gratify _! passions1 & glory 9 _! %ame2 eat & dr9k1 sleep & wake1 suppos+ to-morr[ w be l ! pres5t4 ,!y are sc>cely aw>e ( _! rational1 intellectual p[]s1 mu* less ( _! ev]-exp&+ & nev]-dy+ spirits2 consequ5tly !y feel b imp]fectly _! responsibility1 & are gov]n$ pr9cipally by ! fe> ( human au?ority4 ,!y h be5 taught to fe> or rev]5ce no?+ high]4 ,_! education is conf9$ to animal feel+--physical en]gies4 ,!y h no conception ( any ?+ beyond4 ,! :ole intellectual _w1 & all h]eaft]1 is n>r[$ d[n to ! animal feel+ ( ! pres5t "t4 ,h[ errone\s6 ,h[ badly educat$6 ,& :at are we to anticipate :5 only ! physical en]gies ( m5 g5]ally are ?us develop$8 ,:y1 surely1 :at we are beg9n+ to witness--namely1 physical p[]1 trampl+ on all au?ority4 ,! education ( o!rs is conf9$ pr9cipally to intellect4 ,n t _! physical p[]s are n necess>ily m or less develop$1 b t _! att5tion is direct$ almo/ exclusively to intellectual atta9m5ts4 ,f ! e>lie/ infancy _! m9ds are tax$1 ?\gh _! bodies are neglect$1 & _! s\ls =gott54 ,nor is x unfrequ5t t _! physical /r5g? gives way "u ! con/ant pressure ( intellectual /udies4 ,& ?us !y are subject$ to all ! evils ( physical inability--! suff]+s ( liv+ dea?1 9 consequ5ce ( an errone\s education4 ,besides1 !y are de/itute ( all ^? k9d] feel+s & sympa!tic emotions :i* alone result f ! cultivation ( ! moral susceptibilities1 & become ins5sible to ! m delicate affections ( ! s\l1 & elevat+ hopes ( ! truly virtu\s4 ,!y h no?+ on :i* to re/ = enjoym5t b intellectual atta9m5ts4 ,& ev5 ^! are small comp>$ ) :at !y might h be5 "u a diff]5t c\rse ( education4 ,yet ) :at delight are ! fir/ developm5ts ( intellect discov]$ by ! natural gu>dian ( ! infant m9d6 & ) :at anxi\s solicitude are !y wat*$ ?r\gh advanc+ y\? & manhood by ^? employ$ 9 _! education4 ,9 ei!r /age ! developm5t ( intellect alone seems wor?y ( an ef=t4 ,& yet1 :5 c>ri$ to ! utmo/1 :at may we expect ( "o de/itute ( virtue1 & )\t /r5g? ( body8 ,little to b5efit himself or o!rs4 ,l ,columbus1 ,frankl91 or ,la ,place1 he may employ 8 intellect 9 useful discov]ies2 or1 l ,hume1 ,voltaire1 & ,pa9e1 to curse ! _w4 ,9 ei!r case he may lead a/ray1 & %\ld nev] be tru/$ implicitly4 ,z ! b>k on ! ocean )\t compass or *>t1 t rides out ! /orm or s9ks to ! bottom1 he may guide u 9 safety1 or ru9 u =ev]6 ,! education ( o!rs1 aga91 is conf9$ mo/ly to _! moral en]gies4 ,^? ( ! body are almo/ =gott51 only z nature =ces _! developm5t ^u ! reluctant s\l )94 ,& ^? ( intellect are deem$ unwor?y ( a ?\ght1 except z necess>y 9 ! rude/ /ages ( society2 :ile ! moral susceptibilities are cultivat$ to ! utmo/4 ,!y are br\ght into action 9 e situation4 ,!y are employ$ 9 private1 9 ! social circle1 & ar\nd ! public alt>4 ,nor are ^? employ+ !m ev] satisfi$4 ,!y become fanatics--religi\s en?usia/s4 ,!y h zeal )\t k1 & seem resolv$ on br++ all to _! /&>d4 ,!y enli/ 9 ! "w all ! sympa?ies ( ! s\l--its t5d]e/ s5sibilities & mo/ compassionate feel+s4 ,)\t intellect to guide1 & physical /r5g? to su/a9 !m1 !y s9k "u moral excitem5t1 & become d]ang$3 a result t might be anticipat$ f su* an education2 & "o t is (t5 develop$1 9 "s ( its mild] features1 among ! re=m]s ( ! day4 ,nor may y reason ) !m4 ,reckless ( consequ5ces & reg>dless ( au?ority1 !y are n to be conv9c$ or p]suad$4 ,!y are "r1 & "k !y are "r1 = ! pla9 reason t !y "k no?+ else1 & w n be div]t$ f _! c\rse4 ,:at degradation6 ,:o w\ld n %r9k f su* an education8 ! developm5t ( ! moral en]gies m]ely8 ,x nev] qualifi$ m5 = ! highe/ atta9m5t--! utmo/ dignity ( :i* !y are susceptible4 ,div]sifi$ z are ! developm5ts ( human "*1 & dissimil> z !y may appe> to ! c>eless obs]v]1 !re are peculi> *>act]i/ics ( m5 t r5d] !m simil> to "o ano!r1 & unlike e o!r be+4 ,9 _! natures1 orig9al susceptibilities1 & ultimate de/9ies1 !y are alike4 ,!y are mat]ial1 intellectual1 & spiritual2 animal1 rational1 & immortal4 ,on ^! uni=m traits ( "* education %\ld be bas$4 ,x %\ld develop & /r5g!n ! animal functions2 classify & improve ! rational faculties2 & purify & elevate ! spiritual affections 9 h>moni\s proportion & p]fect symmetry4 ,! animal functions ( ! human sy/em are to be develop$ & /r5g!n$ by education4 ,hi!rto !y h be5 assign$ to ! prov9ce ( nature1 & deem$ =eign to ! objects ( education4 ,b a m unphilosophical & dang]\s !ory has seldom be5 embrac$1 z ! melan*oly results abundantly te/ify4 ,we %all !re=e devote a *apt] to physical education1 :i* seems to lie at ! f\ndation ( ! great "w ( human improvem5t2 =1 z we h se51 9 ! pres5t /ate ! m9d c manife/ itself only ?r\gh ! body2 aft] :i* we %all proce$ to ! consid]ation ( ! o!r gr& divisions ( ! great "w ( education4 ,,*apt] ,,ii4 ,,! ,,importance ,,( ,,physical ,,education4 ,! influ5ce ( ! physical frame ^u ! intellect1 morals1 & happ9ess ( a human be+1 is n[ univ]sally admitt$4 ,! ext5t ( ?is influ5ce w be ?\ght great] 9 proportion to ! accuracy ) :i* ! subject is exam9$4 ,bodily pa9 =ms a l>ge proportion ( ! am\nt ( human mis]y4 ,x is1 !re=e1 ( ! highe/ importance t a *ild %\ld gr[ up s\nd & heal?y 9 body1 ) ! utmo/ degree ( muscul> /r5g? t education c communicate4--,,lalor4 ,! importance ( ! dep>tm5t ( ! great "w ( education :i* we n[ approa* has n hi!rto be5 duly appreciat$ by p>5ts & tea*]s g5]ally4 ,i %all !re=e devote m space to ?is subject ?an is usual 9 works on education1 b n m1 ,i tru/1 ?an its relative importance dem&s4 ,physical1 intellectual1 & moral education are s intimately connect$1 t1 9 ord] duly to appreciate ! importance ( ei!r1 we mu/ n view x sep>ate & alone m]ely1 b 9 connection ) bo? ( ! o!rs4 ,& especially is ?is true ( physical education4 ,h[ev] mu* value1 !n1 we may atta* to x on its own acc\nt1 consid]+ man z a corporeal be+1 we %all h occasion greatly to magnify its importance :5 we come to direct our att5tion to 8 intellectual culture1 & /ill m :5 we view x 9 connection ) 8 moral tra9+4 ,!n1 & n till !n1 %all we be enabl$1 9 "s degree1 prop]ly to appreciate ! importance ( physical education4 ,x has be5 object$1 says ,dr4 ,combe1#a t to tea* any "o h[ to take c>e ( 8 own heal?1 is sure to d h>m1 by mak+ him con/antly ?9k ( ?is & ! o!r precaution1 to ! utt] sacrifice ( e noble & g5]\s feel+1 & to ! c]ta9 production ( peevi%ness & discont5t4 ,! result1 h[ev]1 he adds1 is exactly ! rev]se2 & x w\ld be a s+ul> anomaly 9 ! con/itution ( ! moral _w 7 x o!rwise4 ,he :o is in/ruct$ 91 & is famili> ) gramm> & or?ography1 writes & spells s easily & accurately z sc>cely to be consci\s ( att5d+ to ! rules by :i* he is guid$2 :ile he1 on ! contr>y1 :o is n in/ruct$ 9 ei!r1 & kn[s n h[ to arrange 8 s5t5ces1 toils at ! task1 & sighs at e l9e4 ,! same pr9ciple holds 9 reg>d to heal?4 ,he :o is acqua9t$ ) ! g5]al con/itution ( ! human body1 & ) ! laws :i* regulate its action1 sees at once 8 true position :5 expos$ to ! causes ( disease1 decides :at ought to be done1 & !reaft] feels himself at lib]ty to devote 8 undivid$ att5tion to ! calls ( high] duties4 ,b x is f> o!rwise ) ! p]son :o is de/itute ( ?is in=mation4 ,unc]ta9 ( ! nature & ext5t ( ! dang]1 he kn[s n to :i* h& to turn1 & ei!r lives 9 ! fe> ( mortal disease1 or1 9 8 ignorance1 resorts to irrational & hurtful precautions1 to ! c]ta9 neglect ( ^? :i* he ought to use4 ,x is ignorance1 !re=e1 & n k1 :i* r5d]s an individual full ( fancies & appreh5sions1 & robs him ( 8 usefulness4 ,x w\ld be a /igma on ! ,creator's wisdom if true k weak5$ ! und]/&+1 & l$ to injuri\s results4 ,^? :o h _h ! mo/ ext5sive opportunities ( =m+ an op9ion on ?is subject f ext5sive exp]i5ce1 be> unequivocal te/imony to ! advantages :i* k conf]s 9 sav+ heal? & life1 "t & anxiety4 #a ,pr9ciples ( ,physiology appli$ to ! ,pres]vation ( ,heal?4 ,if1 inde$1 ignorance 7 itself a prev5tive ( ! dang]1 or c\ld provide a rem$y :5 x approa*$1 !n x might well be said t ignorance is bliss2 b z x gives only ! k9d ( security :i* %utt+ ! eyes af=ds aga9/ ! dang]s ( a precipice1 & consequ5tly leaves its victim d\bly expos$1 x is high "t to r5\nce its protection1 & to seek ^? ( a m p[]ful & b5efic5t ally4 ,e m$ical man c te/ify t1 natural "* & o!r circum/ances be+ alike1 ^? ^: k is ! mo/ limit$ are ! fulle/ ( :ims & fancies2 ! mo/ cr$ul\s respect+ ! efficacy ( e s5seless & prepo/]\s rem$y2 ! mo/ impati5t ( re/ra9t1 & ! mo/ discont5t$ at suff]+4 ,if any ( my read]s be /ill d\btful ( ! propriety or safety ( communicat+ physiological k to ! public at l>ge1 cont9ues ! au?or f :om we la/ quot$1 & ?9k t ignorance is 9 all circum/ances to be pref]r$1 ,i w\ld beg leave to ask him :e!r x 0 k or ignorance :i* induc$ ! poor] classes 9 e c\ntry ( ,asia & ,europe to attempt to protect !mselves f *ol]a by committ+ ravages on ! m$ical att5dants ( ! sick1 "u ! plea ( _! hav+ poison$ ! public f\nta9s8 ,& :e!r x 0 ignorance or k :i* prompt$ ! m rational "p ( ! community to seek safety 9 increas$ att5tion to prop] food1 w>m?1 cleanl9ess1 & clo?+8 ,9 bo? cases1 ! desire ( safety & s5se ( dang] 7 ! same1 b ! modes resort$ to by ea* 7 z diff]5t 9 k9d z 9 result1 ! efficacy ( ! "o hav+ =m$ a gl>+ contra/ to ! failure ( ! o!r4 ,dr4 ,s\?wood ,smi?1 ! able au?or ( a volume entitl$ ,! ,philosophy ( ,heal?1 says1 ,! obvi\s & peculi> advantages ( ?is k9d ( k are1 t x w\ld enable its possessor to take a m rational c>e ( 8 heal?2 to p]ceive :y c]ta9 circum/ances are b5eficial or injuri\s2 to und]/&1 9 "s degree1 ! nature ( disease1 & ! op]ation z well ( ! ag5ts :i* produce x z ( ^? :i* c\nt]act x2 to obs]ve ! fir/ beg9n+s ( d]ang$ function 9 8 own p]son2 to give to 8 physician a m intelligible acc\nt ( 8 tra9 ( morbid s5sations1 z !y arise2 &1 above all1 to co-op]ate ) him 9 remov+ ! morbid /ate on :i* !y dep5d1 in/ead ( defeat+1 z is n[1 ?r\gh ignorance1 con/antly ! case1 ! be/ conc]t$ plans = ! r5ovation ( heal?4 ,x w\ld likewise lay ! f\ndation = ! atta9m5t ( a m j1 accurate1 & practical k ( our intellectual & moral nature4 ,!re is a physiology ( ! m9d z well z ( ! body1 & bo? are s intimately unit$ t nei!r c be well und]/ood )\t ! /udy ( ! o!r4 ,! physiology ( man compreh5ds bo?4 ,7 ev5 :at is already kn[n ( ?is sci5ce & :at might be easily communicat$ made a "p ( g5]al education1 h[ _m evils w\ld be avoid$6 h[ mu* light w\ld be let 9 ^u ! und]/&+6 & h[ _m aids w\ld be af=d$ to ! acquisition ( a s\nd body & a vigor\s m9d6 pr]equisites m important ?an are commonly suppos$ to ! atta9m5t ( wisdom & ! practice ( virtue4 ,human physiology1 says ,dr4 ,combe1 9 8 admirable treatise on t subject1 f :i* ,i h already quot$1 is z important 9 its practical consequ5ces z x is attractive to rational curiosity4 ,9 its wide/ s5se1 x compreh5ds an exposition ( ! functions ( ! v>i\s organs ( :i* ! human frame is compos$2 ( ! me*anism by :i* !y are c>ri$ on2 ( _! relations to ea* o!r1 or ! means ( improv+ _! developm5t & action2 ( ! purposes to :i* !y ought sev]ally to be direct$1 & ( ! mann] 9 :i* ex]cise ought to be conduct$1 s z to secure = ! organ ! be/ heal?1 & = ! function ! highe/ efficacy4 ,a true sy/em ( physiology comes ?us to be ! prop] basis1 n only ( a s\nd physical1 b ( a s\nd moral & intellectual education1 & ( a rational hygi5e2 or1 9 o!r words1 x is ! basis ( e ?+ hav+ = its object ! physical & m5tal heal? & improvem5t ( man2 =1 s long z life la/s1 ! m5tal & moral p[]s ) :i* he is end[$ manife/ !mselves ?r\gh ! m$ium ( organization1 & no plan :i* he c devise = _! cultivation1 t is n 9 h>mony ) ! laws :i* regulate t organization1 c possibly be successful4 ,let x n be said t k ( ?is description is sup]flu\s to ! unpr(essional read]2 = society groans "u ! load ( suff]+ inflict$ by causes susceptible ( removal1 b left 9 op]ation 9 consequ5ce ( our unacqua9tance ) our own /ructure1 & ( ! relation ( diff]5t p>ts ( ! sy/em to ea* o!r & to ext]nal objects4 ,e m$ical man mu/ h felt & lam5t$ ! ignorance s g5]ally preval5t 9 reg>d to ! simple/ functions ( ! animal sy/em1 & ! consequ5t abs5ce ( ! judici\s co-op]ation ( fri5ds 9 ! c>e & cure ( ! sick4 ,f ignorance ( ! commone/ facts 9 physiology1 or f want ( ability to appreciate _! importance1 m5 ( mu* good s5se 9 e o!r respect n only subject !mselves unwitt+ly to ! active causes ( disease1 b give _! sanction to laws & practices de/ructive equally to life & to morality1 & :i*1 if !y saw !m 9 _! true light1 !y w\ld %r9k f c\nt5anc+ 9 ! slighte/ degree4 ,7 ! intellig5t classes ( society bett] acqua9t$ ) ! functions ( ! human body & ! laws by :i* !y are regulat$1 cont9ues ?is judici\s writ]1 ! s\rces ( mu* suff]+ w\ld be dri$ up1 & ! happ9ess ( ! community at l>ge w\ld be ess5tially promot$4 ,m$ical m5 w\ld no long] be consult$ s exclusively = ! cure ( disease1 b w\ld be call$ ^u to advise reg>d+ ! be/ means ( /r5g!n+ ! con/itution1 f an e>ly p]iod1 aga9/ any accid5tal or h]$it>y susceptibility :i* might be asc]ta9$ to exi/4 ,m att5tion w\ld be paid to ! pres]vation ( heal? ?an is at pres5t practicable1 & ! m$ical man w\ld !n be able to advise ) increas$ effect1 because he w\ld be proportionally well und]/ood1 & 8 c\nsel1 9 s f>1 at lea/1 z x 0 bas$ on accurate obs]vation & a "r application ( pr9ciples1 w\ld be p]ceiv$ to be1 n a m]e human op9ion1 b1 9 reality1 an exposition ( ! w & int5tions ( a b5efic5t ,creator1 & w\ld !re=e be felt z c>ry+ ) x an au?ority to :i*1 z ! m]e dictum ( a fallible fell[-creature1 x c\ld nev] be consid]$ z entitl$4 ,x is true t1 z yet1 m$ic9e has be5 turn$ to little acc\nt 9 ! way ( directly promot+ ! physical & m5tal welf>e ( man4 ,b ! day is1 p]haps1 n f> di/ant1 :51 9 consequ5ce ( ! improvem5ts bo? 9 pr(essional & g5]al education n[ 9 progress1 a degree ( int]e/ w be atta*$ to ?is application ( its doctr9es f> surpass+ :at ^? :o h n reflect$ on ! subject w be able to imag9e z ju/ly belong+ to x1 b by no means exce$+ t :i* x truly des]ves4 ,e p]son %\ld be acqua9t$ ) ! organization1 /ructure1 & functions ( 8 own body--! h\se 9 :i* he lives3 he %\ld "k ! conditions ( heal?1 & ! causes ( ! num]\s diseases t fle% is heir to1 9 ord] to avoid !m1 prolong 8 life1 & multiply 8 means ( usefulness4 ,if ^! ?+s are n o!rwise le>n$1 !y %\ld be taught--! elem5ts ( !m at lea/--9 our prim>y s*ools4 ,?is in/ruction w\ld come1 p]haps1 mo/ appropriately f ! memb]s ( ! m$ical pr(ession4 ,b ei!r society g5]ally1 or physicians !mselves1 or bo?1 h mi/ak5 ! true sph]e ( a physician's usefulness1 & :at ought to con/itute ! gr& object ( 8 pr(ession1 namely1 ! prev5tion ( disease1 & ! g5]al improvem5t ( ! heal?1 & n ! ,,cur+ ( diseases m]ely4 ,! physician1 l ! cl]gyman 9 8 p>i%1 %\ld receive a sal>y2 & he %\ld be occupi$1 *iefly1 9 tea*+ ! laws ( heal? to 8 employ]s2 9 imp>t+ to !m in/ruction 9 relation to ! means ( avoid+ ! diseases to :i* !y are m p>ticul>ly expos$1 & 9 lay+ be=e !m su* in=mation z %all be ne$ful1 9 ord] to ! highe/ improvem5t ( _! physical organization1 & ! transmission to po/]ity ( unimpair$ con/itutions4 ,?is he may d by public lectures1 at suitable seasons ( ! ye>2 & by visit+ f h\se to h\se1 & imp>t+ su* in=mation z may be p>ticul>ly ne$$4 ,! physician %\ld n all[ any ( 8 employ]s bl9dly to disreg>d ! laws ( heal?1 or1 kn[+ !m1 to violate !m unreprov$4 ,he %\ld be acc\nt$ ! be/ physician1 o!r ?+s be+ equal1 ^: employ]s h ! lea/ sickness1 & uni=mly enjoy ! be/ heal?4 ,:5 ! relation exi/+ betwe5 ! memb]s ( ! m$ical pr(ession & ! well-be+ ( society g5]ally comes to be bett] und]/ood1 & physicians are employ$ 9 accordance ) ! pr9ciples j /at$1 _! greate/ usefulness to ! communities !y s]ve w be f\nd to consi/ 9 tea*+ well m5 & wom5 h[ to reta9 & improve _! heal?1 & re> a heal?y (fspr+1 & n 9 p>tially cur+ diseas$ p]sons :o are con/antly violat+ ! laws ( heal?4 ,^! views w d\btless be new to _m ( my read]s1 & seem to !m v /range6 ,b let me inquire ( su* :at !y w\ld ?9k ( ! cl]gyman :o %\ld neglect to in/ruct 8 p>i%ion]s 9 ! ennobl+ doctr9es ( morality & religion1 & %\ld suff] !m to g on 9 s9 unrebuk$1 until !y become a burd5 to !mselves8 :o %\ld wait until 8 c\nsels 7 solicit$ be=e he s\nds ! note ( al>m1 & po9ts ! guilty s9n] to ! ,lamb ( ,god :i* take? away ! s9 ( ! _w8 & :o %\ld conf9e 8 labors almo/ entirely to condemn$ crim9als8 ,su* conduct on ! "p ( cl]gym5 w\ld d\btless be reg>d$ by ^! v p]sons z pass+ /range6 ,! c\rse commonly pursu$ 9 ! employm5t ( physicians is equally unphilosophical1 & floods society ) a legion ( evils--physical & intellectual1 social & moral--?ree f\r?s ( :i* might be avoid$1 by ! prop] ex]cise ( ! m$ical pr(ession1 9 "o g5]ation2 & ultimately1 n9ete5 tw5tie?s1 if n n9ety-n9e "o hundr$?s ( !m4 ,z ,i h already said1 ?is in/ruction w\ld come1 p]haps1 mo/ appropriately f ! memb]s ( ! m$ical pr(ession4 ,b if ^! ?+s are n taught else:]e1 ,i repeat x1 !y %\ld be taught--! elem5ts ( !m at lea/--9 our prim>y s*ools4 ,i c n bett] en=ce ! importance ( physical education ?an by quot+ f a lecture on ! education ( ! bl9d1 by "o ( ! mo/ di/+ui%$ practical educators#b 9 ?is c\ntry4 ,t ! proportion ( ! bl9d to ! :ole population might be dim9i%$ by wise social regulations1 & by ! dissem9ation ( k ( ! organic laws ( man1 !re is n a d\bt2 b :e!r ! "t has come1 or ev] w come1 is ano!r "q4 ,at any rate1 to s enlight5$ a body#c z ,i h ! honor ( address+1 sugge/ions ( me?ods by :i* ! ext5t ( bl9dness may be limit$ w nei!r be misappli$1 nor liable to (f5d a mawki% s5sibility4 ,t ! bl9dness ( a l>ge proportion ( society is a social evil w n be d5i$1 nor w ! "r :i* society has to dim9i% t proportion be que/ion$4 ,b h[8 9 a v simple way2 by prev5t+ ! transmission ( an h]$it>y bl9dness to ano!r g5]ation2 by prev5t+ ! m>riage ( ^? :o are cong5itally bl9d1 or :o h lo/ _! sight by reason ( h]$it>y weakness ( ! visual organs1 :i* disqualifies !m to resi/ ! slighte/ inflammation or injury 9 *ildhood4 #b ,dr4 ,samuel ,g4 ,h[e1 director ( ! ,new ,engl& ,in/itution = ! ,education ( ! ,bl9d1 #ahcf4 #c ,! ,am]ican ,in/itute ( ,in/ruction4 ,i am aw>e t _m p w\ld condemn ?is proposition z cruel1 because x might add to ! sadness ( ! suff]]s2 & t ! :ole sev5 ?\s& five hundr$ bl9d 9 ?is c\ntry w\ld rise up & sc\t x1 z b>b>\s & unnatural2 = ,i h exp]i5c$ ! effects ( contradiction to ! wills ( individual bl9d p]sons 9 ?is respect4 ,b my rule is1 ! good ( ! community be=e t ( ! individual2 ! good ( ! race be=e t ( ! community4 ,to give y an in/ance3 ! city ( ,bo/on1 ) a population ( eighty ?\s&1 is repres5t$ 9 ! ,in/itution = ! ,bl9d by two bl9d *ildr5 only2 & ,i "k ( b f\r 9 ! :ole population2 :ile ,&ov]1 ) b five ?\s&1 is fully & ably repres5t$ by sev52#d & x has ?ree m gr[+ up4 #d ,?is makes ! ratio ( repres5tation 9 ! in/itution f ,&ov] fifty six times great] ?an f ! city ( ,bo/on4 ,n[ h[ is ?is8 ,:y1 ! bl9d ( ,&ov] are mo/ly f a common /ock2 ?ree ( !m are born ( "o "m1 :o has _h f\r bl9d *ildr54 ,ano!r ( ! pupils is c\s91 9 ! fir/ degree1 to ^! ?ree2 & two o!r pupils are c\s9s 9 a remote degree4 ,!n1 f o!r places1 !re are two bro!rs1 :o h a ?ird at home4 ,!re is "o bl9d girl1 :o has two bl9d si/]s at home4 ,!n !re are two pairs ( si/]s4 ,9 ! imm$iate vic9ity ( ,bo/on1 ,i "k ( a family 9 :i* bl9dness is h]$it>y2 ! la/ g5]ation !re 7 five4 ,( ^! five "o is m>ri$1 & has f\r *ildr51 n "o ( :om c see well en\gh to read2 & if ! o!rs m>ry1 !y may increase ! numb] to twelve or tw5ty4 ,n[ apply ?is /ate ( ?+s to ! :ole c\ntry1 & h y any difficulty 9 conceiv+ h[ x happ5s t !re are sev5 ?\s& five hundr$ bl9d 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates8 ,& c y d\bt :e!r or n ?is great proportion ( bl9d to ! :ole community might n be consid]ably dim9i%$1 if m5 & wom5 und]/ood ! organic laws ( _! nature8 und]/ood t1 v (t51 bl9dness is ! puni%m5t foll[+ an infr+em5t ( ! natural laws ( ,god2 & if !y c\ld be made to act ^u ! holy ,*ri/ian pr9ciples1 t we %\ld d5y ourselves any individual gratification1 any selfi% desire1 t may result 9 evil to ! :ole community8 ,i w\ld t e individual :om ,i h ! honor to address w\ld assi/ 9 ! education ( ! bl9d1 s f> z to give !m j & ,*ri/ian views ( ?is subject4 ,i w\ld t all %\ld "w = society2 n = society to-day alone1 b = ! society ( future ages2 n 9 any "o n>r[1 p>tial way1 b ^u a broad scale1 & 9 e way 9 :i* !y c be useful4 ,if a p]son cong5itally bl9d1 or /rongly pr$ispos$ to become s1 or "o :o m>ries a p]son s born or s dispos$1 has bl9d (fspr+ 9 consequ5ce ( x1 ,i ask1 is he n z responsible1 9 a moral po9t ( view1 = ! infirmity ( 8 *ildr5 z ?\gh he _h put out _! eyes ) 8 own h&s8 ,y may suppose1 p]haps1 t ! infirmity ( bl9dness w\ld incapacitate suff]]s f w9n+ ! affections ( see+ p]sons2 & t1 ) respect to two bl9d p]sons1 ! s5se ( incapacity to support a family w\ld prev5t !m f unit+ !mselves4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 ,i answ]1 t see+ p d no bett] ?an ! bl9d4 ,ev5 a bl9d man may p]ceive t _m m>riages are m]e matt]s ( c\rse1 result+ f juxtaposition ( p>ties2 & r>ely matt]s :]e ! pur] affections & high] moral s5tim5ts are consult$4 ,&1 9 ! second place1 t incapacity ( support+ a family w n weigh a fea!r 9 ! balance ) desire1 unless ! intellectual & moral nature is enlight5$ & cultivat$4 ,d we n see1 e day1 cases ( mis]y entail$ ^u :ole families1 because "o ( ! p>ties _h ov]look$ or disreg>d$ moral infirmity1 :i* ought to h be5 a great] objection ?an any physical defect--?an ev5 bl9dness or deafness8 ,b no process ( reason+ is requir$1 = !re /& ! facts4 ,! bl9d n only seek = p>tn]s 9 life1 b are sometimes s\ght by see+ p]sons2 & num]\s in/ances h occurr$ )9 my k4 ,x is true1 t despair ( success 9 any o!r qu>t]1 or an equally unwor?y motive1 may induce "s to seek = p>tn]s among ! bl9d1 or ! bl9d to unite ) ! bl9d2 b /ill1 !re is ! evil4 ,my obs]vation induces me to ?9k t ! bl9d1 f> m ?an see+ p]sons1 are fond ( social relations1 & desir\s ( family ende>m5ts4 ,a mom5t's ?\ght w\ld induce "o to conclude t ?is w\ld naturally be ! case2 a mom5t's obs]vation conv9ces "o t x is s4 ,n[ ,i h f\nd among !m "s ( ! mo/ pi\s1 intellig5t1 & dis9t]e/$ be+s ,i ev] knew2 b h>dly m ?an "o :o 0 prep>$ to =ego ! enjoym5ts ( dome/ic relations4 ,& h[ c we expect !m to be s1 m ?an see+ p8 ,! fact is1 b v few p]sons 9 ! community give any att5tion to ! laws ( _! organic nature1 & ! t5d5cy to h]$it>y transmission ( infirmities4 ,v few consid] t !y owe m to society ?an to _! individual selves2 t if we are to love our neighbor z ourself1 we mu/1 ( c\rse1 love all our neighbors1 collectively1 m ?an ! s+le unit :i* ea* "o calls ,i4 ,i w\ld t consid]ations ( ?is k9d _h m weight ) ! community g5]ally4 ,i w\ld t ! subject 7 m att5d$ to1 & t ! violation ( ! laws ( our organic nature 7 less frequ5t 9 our c\ntry4 ,!re is "o great & cry+ evil 9 our sy/em ( education2 x is1 t b "p ( man's nature is educat$1 & t our colleges & s*ools doom "y m5 = ye>s to an un9t]rupt$ & sev]e ex]cise ( ! intellectual faculties1 to ! comp>ative neglect ( _! moral1 & /ill m ( _! physical nature4 ,nay1 n only d !y neglect _! physical nature--!y ,,abuse x2 !y s9 aga9/ !mselves & aga9/ ,god2 & ?\gh !y s9 9 ignorance1 !y d n escape ! p5alties ( ,8 violat$ laws4 ,h5ce y see !m pale1 & wan1 & feeble2 h5ce y f9d !m ackn[l$g+1 :5 too late1 ! effects ( sev]e application4 ,b d !y ackn[l$ge x humbly & rep5t+ly1 z ) a consci\sness ( s98 ,no1 !y (t5 d x ) a secret exultation1 ) a lurk+ feel+ t y w say or ?9k1 ',poor fell[1 8 m9d is too mu* = 8 body6' ,nons5se6 8 m9d is too weak2 8 k too limit$2 he is an imp]fect man2 he kn[s n 8 own nature4 ,b if he has no consci5ti\sness1 no scruple ab\t impair+ 8 own heal? & s[+ ! se$s ( disease1 he has less ab\t entail+ !m ^u o!rs4 ,& a consumptive "y man or woman--! son or daught] ( consumptive p>5ts--hesitates n to spread ! evil 9 society1 & entail puny faces1 weakness1 pa91 & e>ly dea? ^u sev]al individuals1 & puni% _! *ildr5 = _! own s9s4 ,is ?is picture too high-color$8 ,alas6 no4 ,& if ,i %[$ y satisfactorily t s9 aga9/ ! organic laws caus$ s great a proportion ( bl9dness1 h[ mu* m readily w y grant t ! same s9 gives to s _m ( our population ! n>r[ *e/1 ! hectic flu%1 ! holl[ c\gh1 :i* makes ! victim doom$1 by 8 p>5t1 to consumption & e>ly dea?6 ,d y n see1 e ,sabba?1 at *ur*1 ! "y man or woman1 ^u ^: fair & delicate /ructure ! peculi> impress ( ! ,,e>ly ,,doom$ is /amp$8 & z a slight b holl[ c\gh comes ^u y\r e>1 does x n recall ! dea?-knell :i* rang 9 ! same sad note be=e to ! fa!r or "m8 ,:o ( y has n foll[$ "s "y fri5d to 8 long re/+-place1 & f\nd t ! grass _h n gr[n rank ^u ! grave ( 8 bro!r8 t ! r[ ( :ite m>bles1 b5ea? :i* slept 8 p>5ts & si/]s1 7 yet gli/]+ 9 fre%ness1 & t ! lett]s :i* told _! names & _! e>ly dea? seem$ cle> z if cut b ye/]day8 ,!y tell u t physical education is att5d$ to 9 ?is c\ntry2 & yet1 :]e is ! tea*]1 :]e is ! cl]gyman ev51 :o d>es to /ep =? 9 ^! cases1 & say to ^? :o are doom$1 y mu/ n & %all n m>ry8 & :]e are ! "y m5 & wom5 :o w\ld li/5 to !m if !y did8 ,x is n t !y are want+ 9 consci5ti\sness2 !y may be consci5ti\s & dis9t]e/$2 b !y d n "k t !y are do+ wrong1 because !y are n acqua9t$ ) ! organic laws ( _! nature4 ,all t is done 9 s*ools or colleges t[>d physical education is ! m]e /r5g!n+ ( ! muscul> sy/em by muscul> ex]cise2 b ?is is n half en\gh4 ,^! rem>ks may be deem$ irrelevant to my subject1 b !y c n be lo/ to an audi5ce ^: highe/ int]e/ is ! education ( man2 & if ,i am mi/ak5 9 suppos+ t little att5tion has be5 paid to ! subject1 its importance w gu>anty its repetition4 ,be=e dismiss+ ?is subject1 ,i w introduce two additional quotations f ,am]ican au?ors1 ^: op9ions are receiv$ by ! m$ical pr(ession 9 ?is c\ntry n only1 b ?r\gh\t ,europe4 ,9 bo? in/ances1 ,i copy f works publi%$ 9 ,great ,brita91 into :i* ! op9ions ( ^! ,am]ican writ]s h be5 quot$4 ,9 reg>d to h]$it>y transmission1 ,dr4 ,caldwell obs]ves3 ,e con/itutional quality1 :e!r good or bad1 may desc5d1 by inh]itance1 f p>5t to *ild4 ,& a long-cont9u$ habit ( drunk5ness becomes z ess5tially con/itutional z a pr$isposition to g\t or pulmon>y consumption4 ,?is increases1 9 a manifold degree1 ! responsibility ( p>5ts 9 relation to temp]ance4 ,by habits ( intemp]ance1 !y n only degrade & ru9 !mselves1 b transmit ! elem5ts ( l degradation & ru9 to _! po/]ity4 ,?is is no vision>y conjecture1 ! fruit ( a favorite & long-*]i%$ !ory4 ,x is a settl$ belief result+ f obs]vation--an inf]5ce d]iv$ f innum]able facts4 ,9 hundr$s & ?\s&s ( in/ances1 p>5ts1 hav+ _h *ildr5 born to !m :ile _! habits 7 temp]ate1 h become aft]w>d intemp]ate1 & _h o!r *ildr5 subsequ5tly born4 ,9 su* cases1 x is a matt] ( notoriety t ! y\ng] *ildr5 h become addict$ to ! practice ( intoxication mu* m frequ5tly ?an ! old]1 9 ! proportion ( five to "o4 ,let me n be told t ?is is ow+ to ! y\ng] *ildr5 be+ neglect$1 & hav+ corrupt & s$uc+ examples con/antly be=e !m4 ,! same neglects & pr(ligate examples h be5 ext5d$ to all1 yet all h n be5 equally injur$ by !m4 ,! *ildr5 ( ! e>li] bir?s h escap$1 :ile ^? ( ! subsequ5t ones h suff]$4 ,! reason is pla94 ,! latt] *ildr5 _h a deep] animal ta9t ?an ! =m]4--,transylvania ,j\rnal4 ,physiologi/s 9 g5]al co9cide 9 ! belief t a vigor\s & heal?y physical & m5tal con/itution 9 ! p>5ts communicates exi/5ce 9 ! mo/ p]fect /ate to _! (fspr+1 :ile impair$ con/itutions1 f :atev] cause1 are transmitt$ to po/]ity4 ,9 ?is s5se1 all :o are compet5t to judge are agre$ t ! ,giv] ( life is a jeal\s ,god1 visit+ ! iniquity ( ! fa!rs ^u ! *ildr5 unto ! ?ird & f\r? g5]ation ( !m t hate him or violate 8 laws4 ,/rictly speak+1 x is n disease :i* is transmitt$1 b organs ( su* imp]fect /ructure t !y are unable to p]=m _! functions prop]ly1 & s weak z to be easily put into a morbid /ate or abnormal condition by causes :i* unimpair$ organs are able to resi/4 ,my la/ quotation on ?is po9t is f a lecture deliv]$ by ,dr4 ,w>r5 be=e ! ,am]ican ,in/itute ( ,in/ruction1 copi$ into ! ,s*oolma/]1 a "w publi%$ 9 ,london "u ! sup]9t5d5ce ( ! ,society = ! ,diffusion ( ,useful ,k3 ,let me conclude by entreat+ y\r att5tion to a revision ( ! exi/+ plans ( education 9 :at relates to ! pres]vation ( heal?4 ,too mu* ( ! "t ( ! bett] educat$ "p ( "y p]sons is1 9 my humble op9ion1 devot$ to lit]>y pursuits & s$5t>y occupations1 & too little to ! acquisition ( ! corporeal p[]s indisp5sable to make ! =m] practically useful4 ,if ! pres5t sy/em does n und]go "s *ange1 ,i mu* appreh5d we %all see a deg5]ate & s9k+ race1 su* z came to exi/ among ! high] classes 9 ,france be=e ! ,revolution1 & su* z n[ de=ms a l>ge "p ( ! noble/ families 9 ,spa92#e b if ! _s ( improvem5t1 s happily awak5$1 cont9ues--z ,i tru/ x w--to animate ^? conc]n$ 9 ! =mation ( ! "y memb]s ( society1 we %all soon be able1 ,i d\bt n1 to exhibit an active1 beautiful1 & wise g5]ation1 ( :i* ! age may be pr\d4 #e ,i am in=m$ by a lady :o pass$ a long "t at ! ,spani% c\rt1 9 a di/+ui%$ situation1 t ! gr&ees h det]iorat$ by _! habits ( liv+1 & ! re/riction ( int]m>riages to _! own rank1 to a race ( dw>fs2 &1 ?\gh f9e p]sons are sometimes se5 among !m1 !y1 :5 assembl$ at c\rt1 appe> to be a gr\p ( manik9s4 ,,*apt] ,,iii4 ,,physical ,,education4 ,,! ,,laws ,,( ,,heal?4 ,if man is ev] to be elevat$ to ! highe/ & happie/ condition :i* 8 nature w p]mit1 x mu/ be1 9 no small degree1 by ! improvem5t--,i might say1 ! r$emption--( 8 physical p[]s4 ,b k on any subject mu/ prec$e improvem5t4--,,alcott4 ,physical & moral heal? are z ne>ly relat$ z ! body & ! s\l4--,,hufel&',s ,art ( ,prolong+ ,life4 ,if ! read] is p]suad$ t ! views pres5t$ 9 ! la/ *apt] on ! importance ( physical education are tru?ful--& !y are concurr$ 9 by physiologi/s g5]ally--he w naturally desire to become acqua9t$ ) ! laws ( heal?1 t1 by yield+ ob$i5ce to !m1 he may improve 8 physical condition1 & mo/ successfully promote 8 intellectual & moral well-be+4 ,i might1 !n1 "h ref] to "s ( ! _m excell5t treatises on ?is subject2 b ,i %all probably bett] accompli% ! object = :i* ?is "w has be5 und]tak5 by pres5t+1 )9 z n>r[ limits z practicable1 a summ>y ( ^! laws4 ,9 e dep>tm5t ( nature1 wa/e is inv>iably ! result ( action4 ,9 me*anics1 we seek to r$uce ! wa/e consequ5t ^u action to ! l[e/ possible degree2 b to prev5t x entirely is beyond ! p[] ( man4 ,e brea? ( w9d t passes ov] ! surface ( ! e>?1 modifies ! bodies ) :i* x comes 9 contact4 ,! great toe ( ! bronze /atue ( ,sa9t ,pet] at ,rome has be5 r$uc$1 x is said1 to less ?an half its orig9al size by ! successive kisses ( ! fai?ful4 ,9 dead or inanimate matt]1 ! de/ructive influ5ce ( action is con/antly =c$ ^u our att5tion by e ?+ pass+ ar\nd u1 & s mu* human +5uity is ex]cis$ to c\nt]act its effects t no reflect+ p]son w dispute ! univ]sality ( its op]ation4 ,b :5 we obs]ve %rubs & trees wav+ 9 ! w9d1 & animals und]go+ viol5t ex]tion1 ye> aft] ye>1 & cont9u+ to increase 9 size1 we may be incl9$1 on a sup]ficial view1 to reg>d liv+ bodies z con/itut+ an exception to ?is rule4 ,on m c>eful exam9ation1 h[ev]1 x w appe> t wa/e goes on 9 liv+ bodies n only )\t int]mission1 b ) a rapidity immeasurably beyond t :i* occurs 9 inanimate objects4 ,9 ! vegetable _w1 = in/ance1 e leaf ( a tree is incessantly p\r+ out "s ( its fluids1 & e fl[] =m+ its own fruit & se$1 spe$ily to be sep>at$ f1 & lo/ to its p>5t /em2 ?us caus+ 9 a few mon?s an ext5t ( wa/e _m hundr$ times great] ?an :at occurs 9 ! same lapse ( "t aft] ! tree is cut d[n1 & all its liv+ op]ations are at a close4 ,! same ?+ holds true 9 ! animal k+dom3 s long z life cont9ues1 a copi\s exhalation f ! sk91 ! lungs1 ! b[els1 & ! kidneys goes on )\t a mom5t's int]mission1 & n a movem5t c be p]=m$ :i* does n 9 "s degree increase ! circulation1 & add to ! g5]al wa/e4 ,9 ?is way1 dur+ viol5t ex]tion1 sev]al ounces ( ! fluids ( ! body are sometimes ?r[n out by p]spiration 9 a v few m9utes2 :]eas1 aft] life is ext+ui%$1 all ! excretions cease1 & wa/e is limit$ to t :i* results f ord9>y *emical decomposition4#f #f ,= ! views pres5t$ 9 ! prec$+ p>agraph 7z also 9 sev]al t foll[7 ,i w\ld ackn[l$ge my indebt$ness to ,dr4 ,&rew ,combe's treatise on ! ,physiology ( ,dige/ion4 ,f ! ,pr9ciples ( ,physiology1 by ! same au?or1 ,i h already quot$4 ,^! admirable works w prove an invaluable treasure to p]sons desir\s ( becom+ acqua9t$ ) ! laws ( heal?4 ,s f>1 !n1 ! law t wa/e is att5dant on action applies to bo? dead & liv+ bodies2 b beyond ?is po9t a rem>kable diff]5ce betwe5 !m pres5ts itself4 ,9 ! physical or inanimate _w1 :at is once lo/ or worn away is lo/ =ev]2 b liv+ bodies1 :e!r vegetable or animal1 possess ! di/+ui%+ *>act]i/ic ( be+ able to repair _! own wa/e & add to _! own sub/ance4 ,! possession ( su* a p[] is ess5tial to _! exi/5ce4 ,b !re is a wide diff]5ce betwe5 !m 9 o!r respects4 ,9 survey+ ! respective modes ( exi/5ce ( vegetables & ( animals1 we p]ceive ! fixity ( position ( ! "o1 & ! free locomotive p[] ( ! o!r4 ,! vegetable gr[s1 fl\ri%es1 & dies1 fix$ to ! same spot ( e>? f :i* x sprang4 ,h[ev] mu* ext]nal circum/ances *ange ar\nd x1 x mu/ rema9 & submit to _! influ5ce4 ,at all h\rs & at all seasons1 x is at home1 & 9 direct communication ) ! soil f :i* its n\ri%m5t is extract$4 ,b x is o!rwise ) animals3 ^! n only enjoy ! privilege ( locomotion1 b are compell$ to use x1 & (t5 to g a di/ance 9 se>* ( food & %elt]4 ,! necessity = a con/ant *ange ( place be+ impos$ on !m1 a diff]5t arrangem5t became indisp5sable = _! nutrition4 ,! me?od :i* ! ,creator has provid$ is n less admirable ?an simple4 ,to enable animals to move ab\t1 & at ! same "t to ma9ta9 a connection ) _! food1 !y are provid$ ) a /oma*4 ,9 ?is receptacle !y c /ore up a supply ( mat]ials f :i* su/5ance may be gradually elaborat$ dur+ a p]iod ( "t proportion$ to _! necessities & mode ( life4 ,animals ?us c>ry ) !m n\ri%m5t adequate to _! wants2 & ! small nutritive vessels imbibe _! food f ! int]nal surface ( ! /oma* & b[els1 :]e x is /or$ up1 j z ! roots or nutritive vessels ( vegetables d f ! soil 9 :i* !y gr[4 ,! possession ( a /oma* or receptacle = food is accord+ly a di/+ui%+ *>act]i/ic ( ! animal sy/em4 ,! sole objects ( nutrition be+ to repair wa/e & to admit ( gr[?1 ! ,creator has s arrang$ t )9 c]ta9 limits x is always mo/ vigor\s :5 gr[? or wa/e proce$s ) ! greate/ rapidity4 ,ev5 9 vegetables ?is provision is di/9ctly obs]vable4 ,x is also /rik+ly app>5t 9 animals4 ,:5ev] gr[? is proce$+ rapidly1 or ! animal is und]go+ mu* ex]tion & exp5diture ( mat]ial1 an increas$ quantity ( food is inv>iably requir$4 ,on ! o!r h&1 :]e no new sub/ance is =m+1 & :]e1 f bodily inactivity1 little loss is su/a9$1 a comp>atively small supply w suffice4 ,9 end[+ animals ) ! s5se ( appetite1 includ+ ! s5sation ( hung] & ?ir/1 ! ,creator has effectually provid$ aga9/ any inconv5i5ce :i* might o!rwise exi/1 & giv5 to !m a guide 9 relation to bo? ! quality & quantity ( food ne$ful = !m1 & ! times ( p>tak+ ( x1 ) t b5efic5ce :i* di/+ui%es all 8 works4 ,he has n only provid$ an effectual safegu>d 9 ! s5sations ( hung] & ?ir/1 b he has atta*$ to _! regulat$ indulg5ce a degree ( pleasure :i* nev] fails to insure att5tion to _! dem&s1 & :i*1 9 highly-civiliz$ communities1 is apt to lead to excessive gratification4 ,_! end is manife/ly to proclaim t n\ri%m5t is requir$ = ! support ( ! sy/em4 ,:5 ! body is v actively ex]cis$1 & a good deal ( wa/e is effect$ by p]spiration & exhalation f ! lungs1 ! appetite becomes ke5]1 & m urg5t = imm$iate gratification2 & if x is indulg$1 we eat ) a reli% unkn[n on o!r occasions1 & aft]w>d exp]i5ce a s5sation ( int]nal com=t p]vad+ ! frame1 z if e individual "p ( ! body 7 imbu$ ) a feel+ ( cont5tm5t & satisfaction2 ! v opposite ( ! re/less discom=t & depression :i* come ^u u1 & ext5d ov] ! :ole sy/em1 :5 appetite is disappo9t$4 ,!re is1 9 %ort1 an obvi\s & active sympa?y betwe5 ! condition & be>+ ( ! /oma*1 & ^? ( e "p ( ! animal frame2 9 virtue ( :i*1 hung] is felt v ke5ly :5 ! g5]al sy/em /&s 9 urg5t ne$ ( repair1 & v mod]ately :5 no wa/e has be5 suff]$4 ,we h se5 t wa/e is e :]e att5dant ^u action1 & t ! object ( nutrition is to repair wa/e & admit ( gr[?4 ,we come n[ to consid] ! ,process ( ,dige/ion4 ,all articles us$ = food necess>ily und]go sev]al *anges be=e !y are fitt$ to con/itute a "p ( ! body4 ,9 ! process ( dige/ion1 f\r diff]5t *anges %\ld be notic$4 ,m might be specifi$4 #a4 ,,ma/ication4--,! fir/ /ep 9 ! prep>ation ( food = imp>t+ n\ri%m5t to ! sy/em consi/s 9 prop] ma/ication1 or *ew+4 ,food %\ld be ?or\ghly ma/icat$ be=e x is tak5 into ! /oma*4 ,?is is necess>y 9 ord] to break x up & r$uce x to a suffici5t degree ( f95ess = ! effici5t action ( ! ga/ric juice4 ,besides1 ! action ( *ew+ & ! pres5ce ( nutri5t food con/itute a heal?ful /imulus to ! saliv>y gl&s1 situat$ 9 ! m\?4 ,by ?is means1 also1 ! food n only becomes well ma/icat$1 b has bl5d$ ) x a prop] am\nt ( saliva1 ^u bo? ( :i* conditions ! heal?y action ( ! /oma* dep5ds4 ,we h "h ano!r illu/ration ( ! b5efic5ce ( ! ,creator1 :o has k9dly s arrang$ t ! v act ( ma/ication gratifies ta/e1 ! m\? be+ ! seat ( ?is s5sation4 ,b if we disreg>d ^! b5evol5t laws1 & introduce unma/icat$ food into ! /oma*1 ! ga/ric juice c act only ^u its surface1 & *anges ( a purely *emical nature frequ5tly comm5ce 9 food ?us swall[$ be=e dige/ion c take place4 ,h5ce frequ5tly arise--& especially 9 *ildr5 & p]sons ( delicate con/itution--pa9s1 nausea1 & acidity1 consequ5t on ! cont9u$ pres5ce ( undige/$ alim5t 9 ! /oma*4 #b4 ,,*ymification4--,z soon z food has be5 ?or\ghly ma/icat$ & impregnat$ ) saliva1 x is ready = transmission to ! /oma*4 ,?is int]e/+ "p ( ! process ( dige/ion1 call$ deglutition or swall[+1 is mo/ easily & pleasantly p]=m$1 :5 ! alim5t>y morsel has be5 well ma/icat$ & prop]ly s(t5$1 n by dr9k1 :i* %\ld nev] be tak5 at ?is "t1 b by saliva4 ,:5 ! food rea*es ! /oma*1 x is conv]t$ into a s(t1 pulpy mass1 call$ *yme2 & ! process by :i* ?is *ange is effect$ is call$ *ymification4 ,?is is ! second pr9cipal /ep 9 dige/ion1 & is effect$ imm$iately by ! action ( ! ga/ric juice4 ,?is p[]ful solv5t is secret$ by ! ga/ric gl&s1 :i* are excit$ to action by ! pres5ce ( food 9 ! /oma*4 ,9 heal?1 ! ga/ric secretion always be>s a direct relation to ! quantity ( alim5t requir$ by ! sy/em4 ,if too mu* food is tak5 into ! /oma*1 indige/ion is sure to foll[1 = ! suffici5t reason t ! ga/ric juice is unable to dissolve x4 ,?is is true ev5 :5 food has be5 well ma/icat$2 b x becomes /rik+ly app>5t :5 a full meal has be5 ha/ily swall[$1 bo? ma/ication & insalivation hav+ be5 imp]fectly p]=m$4 ,! "t usually occupi$ 9 ! process ( *ymification1 :5 food has be5 prop]ly ma/icat$1 v>ies f ?ree to f\r h\rs4 ,dige/ion is sometimes effect$ 9 less "t1 z 9 ! case ( rice1 & pigs' feet s\s$2 b x m commonly requires a long] p]iod1 z 9 ! case ( salt pork & beef1 & _m o!r articles ( food1 bo? animal & vegetable4 ,by ! alt]nate contraction & relaxation ( ! muscul> coat ( ! /oma*1 :i* is excit$ to action by ! pres5ce ( food1 a k9d ( *urn+ motion is communicat$ to its cont5ts t greatly promotes dige/ion2 = by ?is means e portion ( food 9 turn is br\ght 9 contact ) ! ga/ric juice z x is dis*>g$ f ! int]nal surface ( ! /oma*4 ,?is motion cont9ues until ! cont5ts ( ! /oma* are conv]t$ into *yme1 & convey$ into ! fir/ inte/9e1 :]e !y und]go ano!r important *ange4 #c4 ,,*ylification4--,z fa/ z *yme is =m$1 x is expell$ by ! contractile p[] ( ! /oma* into ! duod5um1 or fir/ inte/9e4 ,x !re meets ) ! bile f ! liv]1 & ) ! pancreatic juice4 ,by ! action ( ^! ag5ts1 ! *yme is conv]t$ into two di/9ct portions3 a milky :ite fluid1 call$ *yle1 & a ?ick yell[ residue4 ,?is process is call$ *ylification1 or *yle-mak+4 ,! *yle is !n tak5 up by ! absorb5t vessels1 :i* are ext5sively ramifi$ ov] ! inn] membrane or l9+ ( ! b[els4 ,f ! :ite color ( ! cont5ts ( ^! vessels1 !y h be5 nam$ lacteals or milk-be>]s1 f lac1 :i* signifies milk4 ,^! lacteals ultimately conv]ge into "o trunk1 call$ ! ?oracic duct1 :i* t]m9ates 9 ! great ve9 "u ! clavicle or coll> bone1 h5ce call$ ! subclavian ve91 j be=e t ve9 rea*es ! "r side ( ! he>t4 ,"h ! *yle is p\r$ into ! g5]al curr5t ( ! v5\s blood1 &1 m+l+ ) x1 is expos$ to ! action ( ! air 9 ! lungs dur+ respiration4 ,by ?is process1 bo? ! *yle & ! v5\s blood are conv]t$ into r$1 art]ial1 or nutritive blood1 :i* is aft]w>d di/ribut$ by ! he>t ?r\gh ! art]ies1 to supply n\ri%m5t & support to e "p ( ! body4 ,! *ange :i* takes place 9 ! lungs is call$ sanguification1 or blood-mak+4 ,! *yle is n prep>$ to imp>t n\ri%m5t to ! sy/em until ?is *ange takes place4 ,respiration1 !n1 is1 9 reality1 ! completion ( dige/ion4 ,?is int]e/+ & vital "p ( ! process ( dige/ion w be consid]$ m fully 9 ! foll[+ *apt]4 ,be=e pass+ f ?is "p ( ! subject1 a few rem>ks ( a m g5]al nature seem call$ =4 ,! n]ves ( ! /oma* h a direct relation to undige/$ b dige/ible sub/ances4 ,:5 any body t c n be dige/$ is introduc$ into ! /oma*1 di/9ct uneas9ess is spe$ily excit$1 & an ef=t is soon made to expel x1 ei!r upw>d by ! m\? or d[nw>d by ! b[els4 ,x is 9 ?is way1 says ,dr4 ,combe1 t bile 9 ! /oma* excites nausea1 & t t>t> emetic produces vomit+4 ,! n]ves ( ! b[els1 on ! o!r h&1 are con/itut$ 9 relation to dige/$ food2 &1 consequ5tly1 :5 any ?+ escapes into !m f ! /oma* 9 an undige/$ /ate1 x becomes a s\rce ( irritative excitem5t4 ,?is acc\nts = ! *olic pa9s & b[el-compla9ts :i* s commonly att5d ! passage ?r\gh ! inte/9al canal ( su* indige/ible sub/ances z fat1 husks ( fruits1 b]ries1 & *]ry-/ones4 ,! process ( dige/ion1 :i* comm5ces 9 ! /oma*1 is complet$ 9 ! inte/9es4 ,physiologi/s h h5ce sometimes call$ ! =m] "p ( ! process1 or *ymification1 by ! m simple t]m /oma* dige/ion2 & ! latt]1 or *ylification1 has be5 t]m$ inte/9al dige/ion4 ,! b[els h di/9ct coats correspond+ ) ^? ( ! /oma*4 ,by ! alt]nate contraction & relaxation ( ! muscul> coat1 _! cont5ts are propell$ 9 a d[nw>d direction1 some:at z motion is propagat$ f "o end ( a worm to ! o!r4 ,x has h5ce be5 call$ v]micul>1 or wormlike motion4 ,"s m$ic9es h ! p[] ( inv]t+ ! ord] ( ! muscul> contractions4 ,emetics op]ate 9 ?is mann] to produce vomit+4 ,o!r m$ic9es1 aga91 excite ! natural action to a high] degree1 & induce a ca?>tic action ( ! b[els4 ,:5 m$ic9es become necess>y to obviate t k9d ( co/iv5ess :i* arises f imp]fect inte/9al contraction1 physicians usually adm9i/] rhub>b1 aloes1 & simil> laxatives1 comb9$ ) tonics4 ,b :5 ! muscul> coat ( ! b[els is kept 9 a heal?y condition by a natural mode ( life1 & is aid$ by ! action ( ! abdom9al muscles1 x r>ely becomes necess>y to adm9i/] laxative m$ic9es4 ,! inn] or muc\s coat ( ! /oma* & b[els is g5]ally reg>d$ by physiologi/s z a cont9uation ( ! sk94 ,!y greatly resemble ea* o!r 9 /ructure1 & !y are well kn[n to sympa?ize ) ea* o!r4 ,eruptions ( ! sk9 are v g5]ally ! result ( disord]s ( ! dige/ive organs4 ,on ! o!r h&1 b[el compla9ts are frequ5tly produc$ by a *ill on ! surface4 ,! muc\s coat & ! sk9 are bo? *>g$ ) ! d\ble function ( excretion & absorption4 ,by ! ex]cise ( ! =m] function1 mu* ( ! wa/e matt] ( ! sy/em1 requir+ to be remov$1 is ?r[n into ! inte/9es1 &1 m+l+ ) ! indige/ible portion ( ! food1 =ms ! common excrem5t2 :ile by ! ex]cise ( ! latt] function ! nutritive portion ( _! cont5ts is tak5 up1 &1 z we h se51 passes into ! g5]al circulation1 & contributes ei!r to promote gr[? or to repair wa/e4 #d4 ,,evacuation4--,?is is ! f\r? & la/ pr9cipal /ep 9 ! process ( dige/ion4 ,aft] ! *yle is sep>at$ f ! *yme & passes into ! circulation1 ! indige/ible & refuse portion ( ! food1 :i* is incapable ( n\ri%+ ! sy/em1 passes (f ?r\gh ! inte/9al canal4 ,9 its c\rse its bulk is consid]ably increas$ by ! excretion ( wa/e matt] :i* has s]v$ its purposes 9 ! sy/em1 & :i*1 m+l+ ) ! innutriti\s & refuse "p ( ! food1 is ?r[n out ( ! body 9 ! =m ( excrem5t4 ,if ! cont5ts ( ! b[els are too long reta9$1 uneas9ess is produc$4 ,hurtful matt]1 also1 :i* %\ld pass (f by evacuation1 is reabsorb$1 passes aga9 into ! g5]al circulation1 & is ultimately ?r[n out ( ! sy/em ei!r by ! lungs or ?r\gh ! pores ( ! sk94 ,?is "p ( ! process ( dige/ion is v important1 = x is impossible to enjoy good heal? :ile ?is function is imp]fectly p]=m$4 ,to secure full & natural action 9 ! inte/9al canal1 sev]al pr9cipal conditions are necess>y4 ,^! are1 fir/1 well-dige/$ *yme & *yle2 second1 a due quantity & quality ( secretions f ! muc\s or l9+ membrane ( ! b[els2 ?ird1 a free & full contractile p[] ( ! muscul> coat1 & ! unre/ra9$ action ( ! abdom9al & respiratory muscles2 &1 f9ally1 a due n]v\s s5sibility to receive impressions & communicate ! necess>y /imulus4 ,! contractile p[] ( ! muscul> coat1 & ! free passage ( ! inte/9al cont5ts f ! /oma* d[nw>d1 are greatly aid$ by ! con/ant b g5tle agitation :i* ! :ole dige/ive app>atus receives dur+ ! act ( brea?+1 & f ex]cise ( e description4 ,by free & deep inhalations ( air into ! lungs1 ! diaphragm is depress$ & ! b[els are pu%$ d[n4 ,b :5 ! air is ?r[n out f ! lungs1 ! diaphragm rises into ! *e/1 & ! b[els foll[1 be+ press$ upw>d by ! contractile p[] ( ! abdom9al muscles4 ,dur+ ex]cise1 brea?+ is deep] & m free1 :i* gives additional pressure to ! b[els f above4 ,! abdom9al muscul> contraction is also1 9 turn1 m vigor\s & ext5sive1 & ?us ! motion is return$ f bel[4 ,p]sons t take little or no ex]cise1 or :o all[ ! *e/ & b[els to be conf9$ by tight clo?+1 lose ?is natural /imulus1 & frequ5tly become subjects ( imm5se suff]+ f habits ( co/iv5ess4 ,^! %\ld be remov$ if possible1 & !y g5]ally c be by a prop] c\rse ( discipl9e4 ,?is %\ld h ref]5ce to bo? diet & ex]cise4 ,su* articles ( food %\ld be us$ z t5d to keep op5 ! b[els4 ,?is %\ld be comb9$ ) ! free ex]cise ( ! lungs & ! abdom9al muscles4 ,9 addition to ^!1 !re %\ld be a det]m9ation to secure a natural evacuation ( ! b[els at lea/ once a day4 ,?is is reg>d$ by physiologi/s g5]ally z ess5tial to heal?4 ,ef=ts %\ld be cont9u$ until ! habit is e/abli%$4 ,"s def9ite p]iod %\ld be fix$ ^u = ?is purpose4 ,soon aft] breakfa/ is1 on _m acc\nts1 g5]ally pref]able4 ,,"t ,,= ,,meals4--,be=e pass+ f ! subject ( dige/ion1 ,i w submit a few ?\ghts 9 relation to ! times = eat+4 ,x has already be5 obs]v$ t ?ree or f\r h\rs are g5]ally necess>y = ! dige/ion ( a simple meal4 ,usually1 p]haps1 a great] l5g? ( "t is requir$4 ,x is also an e/abli%$ doctr9e1 bas$ ^u ! results ( c>eful exam9ation & exp]im5t1 t ! /oma* requires an int]val ( re/1 aft] ! process ( dige/ion is f9i%$1 to enable x to recov] its tone be=e x c aga9 ent] ^u ! vigor\s p]=mance ( its function4 ,z a g5]al rule1 !n1 five or six h\rs %\ld elapse betwe5 meals4 ,if ! mode ( life is indol5t1 a great] "t is requir$2 if active1 less "t w suffice4 ,:]e ! usages ( society w all[ ! pr9cipal meal to be tak5 ne> ! middle ( ! day1 ! foll[+ "t = meals is approv$ by physiologi/s g5]ally3 breakfa/ at #g o'clock1 d9n] at half pa/ #ab1 & tea at #f4 ,lun*eons & late supp]s %\ld be avoid$2 = ! =m] w always be f\nd to int]f]e ) ! heal?ful p]=mance ( ! function ( dige/ion1 & ! latt] w induce re/lessness1 unpleasant dreams1 & pa9 9 ! head4 ,a late supp]1 says ! au?or ( ! ,philosophy ( ,heal?1 g5]ally occasions d]ang$ & di/urb$ sleep2 !re is an ef=t on ! "p ( ! n]ves to be quiet1 :ile ! burd5$ /oma* makes an ef=t to call !m into action1 & betwe5 ^! two cont5d+ ef=ts !re is di/urbance--a sort ( ga/ric riot--dur+ ! :ole night4 ,?is di/urbance has sometimes t]m9at$ 9 a fit ( apoplexy & 9 dea?4 ,,! ,,sk94--,?is membran\s cov]+1 :i* is spread ov] ! surface ( ! body to %ield ! p>ts b5ea?1 s]ves also z an excret+ & secret+ organ4 ,by ! great supply ( blood :i* x receives1 x is admirably fitt$ = ?is purpose4 ,! :ole animal sy/em1 z we h se51 is 9 a /ate ( transition1 decay & r5ovation con/antly succe$+ ea* o!r4 ,:ile ! /oma* & alim5t>y canal take 9 new mat]ials1 ! sk9 =ms "o ( ! pr9cipal outlets by :i* p>ticles t are useless to ! sy/em are ?r[n out ( ! body4 ,e "o kn[s t ! sk9 p]spires1 & t *eck$ p]spiration is a p[]ful cause ( disease & dea?2 b few h any j notion ( ! ext5t & influ5ce ( ?is exhalation4 ,:5 ! body is ov]heat$ by ex]cise1 a copi\s sweat breaks out1 :i*1 by evaporation1 c>ries (f ! excess ( heat1 & produces an agreeable feel+ ( coolness & refre%m5t4 ,! sagacity ( ,frankl9 l$ him to ! fir/ discov]y ( ! use ( p]spiration 9 r$uc+ ! heat ( ! body1 & to po9t out ! analogy subsi/+ betwe5 ?is process & t ( ! evaporation ( wat] f a r\gh por\s surface1 s con/antly resort$ to 9 ! ,ea/ & ,we/ ,indies1 & 9 o!r w>m c\ntries1 z an efficaci\s means ( r$uc+ ! temp]ature ( ! air 9 rooms1 & ( w9e & o!r dr9ks1 mu* bel[ t ( ! surr\nd+ atmosph]e4 ,?is is ! high] & m obvi\s degree ( ! function ( exhalation4 ,b 9 ! ord9>y /ate ( ! sy/em1 ! sk9 is con/antly giv+ out a l>ge quantity ( wa/e mat]ials by :at is call$ ins5sible p]spiration2 a process :i* is ( great importance to ! pres]vation ( heal?1 & :i* is call$ ins5sible1 because ! exhalation1 be+ 9 ! =m ( vapor1 & c>ri$ (f by ! surr\nd+ air1 is invisible to ! eye4 ,b its pres5ce may (t5 be made manife/1 ev5 to ! sight1 by ! ne> approa* ( a dry cool mirror1 on ! surface ( :i* x w soon be cond5s$ s z to become visible4 ,x is ?is :i* causes s copi\s deposits ^u ! w9d[s ( a cr[d$ s*ool-room 9 cold wea!r4 ,a portion ( ^! exhalations1 h[ev]1 proce$ f ! lungs4 ,!re is an exp]im5t t may be easily tri$1 :i* af=ds conclusive evid5ce t ! am\nt ( ins5sible p]spiration is mu* great] ?an x is ord9>ily suppos$ to be4 ,take a dry glass j>1 ) a neck ?ree or f\r in*es 9 diamet]1 & ?ru/ ! h& & a "p ( ! =e-arm into x1 clos+ ! space 9 ! neck ab\t ! arm ) a h&k]*ief4 ,aft] ! lapse ( a few m9utes1 x w be se51 by draw+ ! f+]s across ! inside ( ! j>1 t ! ins5sible p]spiration ev5 f ! h& is v consid]able4 ,_m attempts h be5 made to e/imate accurately ! am\nt ( exhal$ matt] c>ri$ (f ?r\gh ! sk92 b _m difficulties /& 9 ! way ( obta9+ precise results4 ,!re is a great diff]5ce 9 diff]5t con/itutions1 & ev5 9 ! same p]son at diff]5t times1 9 consequ5ce ( :i* we mu/ be satisfi$ ) an approximation to ! tru?4 ,al?\gh ! precise am\nt ( p]spiration c n be asc]ta9$1 x is g5]ally agre$ t ! cutane\s exhalation is great] ?an ! unit$ excretions ( bo? b[els & kidneys4 ,great att5tion has be5 giv5 to ?is subject4 ,sanctorius1 a celebrat$ m$ical writ]1 weigh$ himself1 8 food1 & 8 excretions1 daily1 = ?irty days4 ,he inf]r$ f 8 exp]im5ts t five p\nds ( e eight1 ( bo? food & dr9k1 tak5 into ! sy/em1 pass out ?r\gh ! sk94 ,all physiologi/s agree t f tw5ty to =ty ounces pass (f ?r\gh ! sk9 ( an adult 9 usual heal? e tw5ty-f\r h\rs4 ,take ! l[e/ e/imate1 & we f9d ! sk9 *>g$ ) ! removal ( tw5ty ounces ( wa/e matt] f ! sy/em e day4 ,we c ?us see ample reason :y *eck$ p]spiration proves s detrim5tal to heal?2 = e tw5ty-f\r h\rs dur+ :i* su* a /ate cont9ues1 we mu/ ei!r h ?is am\nt ( useless & hurtful matt] accumulat+ 9 ! sy/em1 or "s ( ! o!r organs ( excretion mu/ be greatly ov]task$1 :i* obvi\sly c n happ5 )\t di/urb+ _! regul>ity & well-be+4 ,x is g5]ally kn[n t cont9u$ exposure 9 a cold day produces ei!r a b[el compla9t or inflammation ( "s int]nal organ4 ,in/ead ( express+ surprise at ?is1 if p g5]ally und]/ood ! /ructure & uses ( _! own bodies1 !y w\ld r wond] :y "o or ! o!r ( ^! effects is n always att5dant ^u s great a violation ( ! laws ( heal?1 :i* are ! laws ( ,god4 ,! lungs also excrete a l>ge proportion ( wa/e matt] f ! sy/em4 ,s f>1 !n1 _! (fice is simil> to t ( ! kidneys1 ! liv]1 & ! b[els4 ,9 consequ5ce ( ?is alliance ) ! sk91 ^! p>ts are m intimately connect$ ) ea* o!r1 9 bo? heal?y & diseas$ action1 ?an ) o!r organs4 ,:5ev] an organ is unusually delicate1 x w be m easily affect$ by any cause ( disease ?an ^? :i* are s\nd4 ,?us1 9 "o in/ance1 *eck$ p]spiration may produce a b[el compla9t1 & 9 ano!r1 inflammation ( ! lungs1 & s on4 ,h5ce ! fitness1 9 prescrib+ rem$ies1 ( adapt+ !m n only to ! disease itself1 b ( tak+ into ! acc\nt ! cause ( ! disease4 ,a b[el compla9t1 = example1 may arise ei!r f ov]eat+ or f a *eck to p]spiration4 ,! ?+ to be cur$ is ! same 9 bo? cases1 b ! means ( cure ought obvi\sly to be diff]5t4 ,9 "o in/ance1 an emetic or laxative1 to c>ry (f ! (f5d+ cause1 w\ld be ! mo/ rational & efficaci\s rem$y2 9 ! o!r1 a diaphoretic %\ld be adm9i/]$1 to op5 ! sk9 & re/ore x to a heal?y action4 ,facts l ^! expose ! ignorance & impud5ce ( ! quack1 :o und]takes to cure e =m ( disease by "o rem$y4 ,x has already be5 rem>k$ t ! sk9 is *>g$ ) ! d\ble function ( excretion & absorption4 ,we h a /rik+ illu/ration ( ! ex]cise ( ! latt] function 9 ! vacc9ation ( *ildr5 & o!rs1 to protect !m f small-pox4 ,a small quantity ( c[-pox matt] is ins]t$ "u ! ext]nal lay] ( ! sk91 :]e x is act$ ^u1 & 9 a %ort "t tak5 into ! sy/em by ! absorb5t vessels4 ,9 l mann]1 :5 ! p]spiration is br\ght to ! surface ( ! sk91 & conf9$ !re1 ei!r by injudici\s clo?+ or by want ( cleanl9ess1 !re is mu* reason to believe t its residual p>ts are aga9 absorb$4 ,x is e/abli%$ by obs]vation t conc5trat$ animal effluvia =m a v en]getic poison4 ,we c1 !n1 see :y ! absorption ( ! residual p>ts ( p]spiration produces fev]1 inflammation1 & ev5 dea? itself1 accord+ to its quantity & degree ( conc5tration4 ,?is leads me to notice ! importance ( ,,ba?+4--,! exhalation f ! sk9 be+ s con/ant & ext5sive1 & ! bad effects ( x :5 conf9$ be+ s great1 x becomes v important t we provide = its removal4 ,?is c be mo/ easily & effectually accompli%$ by frequ5tly ba?+ ! :ole body4 ,?is is a luxury )9 ! rea* ( all1 b "o :i* is unappreciat$ by ^? :o h n enjoy$ x4 ,an ag$ g5tleman said to me rec5tly1 t 9 e>ly life he us$ to g a swimm+ frequ5tly & enjoy$ x mu*2 b1 he add$1 ,i h n ba!d or wa%$ myself all ov] = ! la/ ?irty ye>s6 ,?is1 x is believ$1 is an extreme case4 ,b x is to be fe>$ !re are n want+ in/ances 9 :i* p]sons d n ba! ! entire p]son once a mon?1 or once a ye> ev56 ,:5 ! residual p>ts ( ! p]spiration are n remov$ by wa%+ or ba?+1 !y at la/ ob/ruct ! pores & irritate ! sk94 ,x is app>5tly = ?is reason t1 9 ! ,ea/]n & w>m] c\ntries1 :]e p]spiration is v copi\s1 ablution & ba?+ h assum$ ! rank & importance ( religi\s obs]vances4 ,^? :o are 9 ! habit ( us+ ! fle%-bru% daily are at fir/ surpris$ at ! quantity ( :ite dry scurf :i* x br+s (f2 & ^? :o take a w>m ba? = half an h\r at long int]vals c n h fail$ to notice ! great am\nt ( impurities :i* x removes1 & ! grateful feel+ ( com=t :i* its use imp>ts4 ,x is rem>k$ by an em95t physician1 t ! w>m1 tepid1 cold1 or %[] ba?1 z a means ( pres]v+ heal?1 ought to be 9 z common use z a *ange ( app>el1 = x is equally a measure ( necess>y cleanl9ess4 ,_m1 no d\bt1 neglect ?is1 & enjoy heal? not)/&+2 b _m m suff] f its omission2 & ev5 ! =m] w\ld be greatly b5efit$ by employ+ x4 ,cleanl9ess1 !n1 is z ess5tial to heal? z to dec5cy4 ,/ill m1 x promotes n only physical heal?1 b contributes l>gely to /r5g!n & invigorate ! intellectual faculties1 & to elevate & purify ! affections4 ,x comes1 !n1 to be rank$ among ! c>d9al virtues4 ,to secure ! b5efits ( ba?+ or ablution1 a great am\nt ( app>atus is n necess>y4 ,a %[]-ba?1 or plunge-ba?1 may n be be/ = all4 ,e "o c procure a wa%-b[l & "o or two qu>ts ( wat]1 :i* are all t is necess>y4 ,to prev5t ! r$uction ( heat 9 ! sy/em by evaporation1 & especially 9 cold wea!r1 x w usually be f\nd be/ to ba! ! body by sections4 ,x is g5]ally agre$ t ! morn+ is ! be/ "t = ba?+4 ,imm$iately on ris+1 !n1 ! clo?+ be+ remov$1 let ! head1 face1 & neck be wa%$ z usual1 & ?or\ghly dri$ by ! use ( a t[el4 ,proce$ to wa% ! *e/ & abdom51 :i* may be dri$ z be=e1 aft] :i* a co>se t[el or a fle%-bru% %\ld be vigor\sly appli$1 until ! sk9 is p]fectly dry1 & !re is a pleasant gl[ ^u ! surface4 ,! back & limbs1 9 turn1 %\ld be wa%$1 dri$1 & excit$ to a heal?y & pleasant gl[ by friction4 ,?is la/ is ( ! utmo/ importance4 ,if n easily secur$1 salt or v9eg> may be add$ to ! wat]1 bo? ( :i* are excell5t /imulants to ! sk94#g ,:5 ^! are us$1 & c>e is tak5 to excite 9 ! surface1 by subsequ5t friction ) a co>se t[el1 fle%-bru%1 or hair glove1 ! heal?ful gl[ ( reaction1 x w be f\nd to contribute l>gely to bo? physical & m5tal com=t4 ,! b5eficial results w be m app>5t if1 :ile ba?+ & rubb+ ! *e/ & abdom51 pa9s are tak5 to ?r[ back ! %\ld]s1 exp& ! lungs1 & enl>ge ! *e/4 #g ,x w frequ5tly be f\nd m conv5i5t1 & w be well-nigh z s]viceable1 to wa% 9 s(t wat] z usual1 & excite a reaction 9 ! sk9 9 ! use ( a t[el t has be5 dipp$ 9 br9e & dri$4 ,by an act ( ! ,legislature ( ! commonweal? ( ,massa*usetts1 pass$ 9 ,april la/1 x is requir$ t physiology & hygi5e %all h]eaft] be taught 9 ! s*ools ( t commonweal?1 9 all cases 9 :i* ! s*ool committee %all deem x exp$i5t4 ,:5 physiology is n made a /udy 9 s*ool1 ! tea*] %\ld n fail to give famili> & in/ructive lectures on ! subject4 ,i "k ( in/ances :]e1 by ?is simple means1 ! habits ( a :ole s*ool1 compos$ ( sev]al hundr$ y\? ( bo? sexes1 h be5 radically *ang$2 & ! practice ( daily ablution has ceas$ to be ! luxury ( ! few1 hav+ become ! necessity n only ( tea*]s & s*ol>s1 b ( ! families 9 :i* !y reside4 ,!re is ! mo/ satisfactory evid5ce t cleanl9ess is conducive to heal?4#h ,h[ important x is1 !n1 t habits ( cleanl9ess be =m$ at an e>ly age4 #h ,! fri5ds ( educational re=m may well take c\rage f ! increas$ att5tion :i* ! subject ( physical education is ( late receiv+ f ! pulpit & ! press1 ^? mighty cons]vators ( ! public weal4 ,s9ce ! text 0 prep>$ = ! press1 ! foll[+ rem>ks & p]t95t inquiry h appe>$ 9 ! ,family ,favorite = ,febru>y1 #ahej4 ,!y are quot$ f a ,disc\rse by ! editor1 ! ,rev4 ,james ,v4 ,watson1 on ! ,fir/ ,sabba? ( ! ,new ,ye>3 ,! true int]pretation ( ! provid5ce ( ,god 9 ,asiatic *ol]a p]haps has nev] yet fully be5 giv54 ,is x n "o ( ,god's m>k$ modes ( rebuk+ intemp]ance1 physical uncleanness1 & social degradation--evils :i* result f p]v]t$ appetite1 wrong =ms ( gov]nm5t1 & a want ( ,*ri/ian b5evol5ce8 ,! re=m]1 ! philan?ropi/1 & ! ,*ri/ian may le>n a lesson "h4 ,dr4 ,weiss1 a di/+ui%$ ,g]man physician1 9 8 rem>ks on ?is subject1 says1 ! be/ "t1 und\bt$ly1 = ^! ablutions1 is ! morn+4 ,!y are to be p]=m$ imm$iately aft] ris+ f ! b$1 :5 ! temp]ature ( ! body is rais$ by ! heat ( ! b$4 ,! sudd5 *ange favors 9 a great measure ! reaction :i* ensues1 & excites ! sk91 r5d]$ m s5sitive by ! p]spiration dur+ ! night1 to r5ew$ activity4 ,cold ablutions1 he adds1 are fitt$ = all con/itutions2 !y are be/ adapt$ = purify+ & /r5g!n+ ! body2 = wom51 weak subjects1 *ildr51 & old age4 ,! room 9 :i* ! ablution is p]=m$ may be slightly heat$ = debilitat$ pati5ts 9 w9t]1 to prev5t colds 9 consequ5ce ( too l[ a temp]ature ( ! ap>tm5t2 ?is exception is1 h[ev]1 only admissible = v weakly p]sons4 ,g5]ally speak+1 ablutions may be p]=m$ 9 a cold room1 especially :]e p]sons get ?r\gh ! op]ation quickly1 & c imm$iately aft]w>d take ex]cise 9 ! op5 air4 ,x is ! op9ion ( ,dr4 ,combe t ba?+ is a safe & valuable pres]vative ( heal?1 9 ord9>y circum/ances1 & an active rem$y 9 disease4 ,in/ead ( be+ dang]\s by caus+ liability to cold1 x is1 he says1 :5 well manag$1 s mu* ! rev]se1 t he has us$ x mu* & successfully = ! express purpose ( dim9i%+ su* liability1 bo? 9 himself & 9 o!rs 9 :om ! *e/ is delicate4 ,9 8 own in/ance1 9 p>ticul>1 he is consci\s ( hav+ d]iv$ mu* advantage f its regul> employm5t1 especially 9 ! cold] mon?s ( ! ye>1 dur+ :i* he has f\nd himself mo/ effectually /r5g!n$ aga9/ ! impression ( cold by repeat+ ! ba? at %ort] int]vals ?an usual4 ,i %all conclude my rem>ks on ba?+ by pres5t+ a p>agraph f ?is transatlantic au?or4 ,if ! ba? c n be _h at all places1 soap & wat] may be obta9$ e :]e1 & leave no apology = neglect+ ! sk94 ,if ! con/itution be delicate1 wat] & v9eg>1 or wat] & salt1 us$ daily1 =m an excell5t & safe means ( cleans+ & g5tly /imulat+ ! sk94 ,to ! invalid !y are highly b5eficial1 :5 ! nature ( ! indisposition does n r5d] !m improp]4 ,a r\gh & r co>se t[el is a v useful auxili>y 9 su* ablutions4 ,few ( ^? :o h /ead9ess to keep up ! action ( ! sk9 by ! above means1 & to avoid /rong & excit+ causes1 w ev] suff] f colds1 sore ?roats1 or simil> compla9ts2 :ile1 z a means ( re/or+ heal?1 !y are (t5 incalculably s]viceable4 ,if "o t5? ( ! p]sev]+ att5tion & labor be/[$ to s mu* purpose 9 rubb+ d[n & curry+ ! sk9s ( horses 7 be/[$ by ! human race 9 keep+ !mselves 9 good condition1 & a little att5tion 7 paid to diet & clo?+1 colds1 n]v\s diseases1 & /oma* compla9ts w\ld cease to =m s l>ge an item 9 ! catalogue ( human mis]ies4 ,man /udies ! nature ( o!r animals1 & adapts 8 conduct to _! con/itution2 himself alone he cont9ues ignorant ( & neglects4 ,he consid]s himself a be+ ( sup]ior ord]1 & n subject to ! laws ( organization :i* regulate ! functions ( ! l[] animals2 b ?is conclusion is ! result ( ignorance & pride1 & n a j inf]5ce f ! premises on :i* x is o/5sibly f\nd$4 ,,clo?+4--,! sk9 is v mat]ially affect$ 9 ! heal?y p]=mance ( its functions by ! nature & condition ( ! clo?+4 ,x is a v commonly receiv$ op9ion t "o pr9cipal object 9 clo?+ is to imp>t heat to ! body4 ,?is1 h[ev]1 is an errone\s idea2 ! utmo/ t x c d is to prev5t ! escape ( heat4 ,all articles ( clo?+ are n alike 9 ?is respect4 ,"s conduct ! heat f ! body readily1 & are h5ce mu* us$ 9 w>m wea!r2 z l951 = example4 ,o!rs1 aga91 h v little t5d5cy to convey heat f ! body1 & are h5ce s\ght 9 cold wea!r4 ,( ?is nature are furs1 & clo?s manufactur$ f wool4 ,i d n int5d 9 ?is connection to speak ( ! m]its ( diff]5t k9ds ( clo?+1 b to rem>k simply ^u ! necessity ( *ang+ clo!s (t51 or at lea/ ( v5tilat+ !m frequ5tly4 ,?is rem>k applies p>ticul>ly to all articles ( clo?+ worn next to ! sk91 & to b$s4 ,clo!s worn next to ! sk9 dur+ ! day %\ld be remov$ on go+ to b$1 & a fre% sleep+-g[n %\ld be put on4 ,! =m] %\ld be hung up 9 a situation t w all[ ! accumulat$ p]spiration ( ! day to pass (f by evaporation4 ,by ?is means !y w become suffici5tly fre%5$ & v5tilat$1 by morn+1 to be worn ano!r day1 :5 ! night-clo!s1 9 turn1 %\ld be v5tilat$4 ,b$s also %\ld be ?r[n op5 & expos$ to fre% air ) op5 doors1 or at lea/ w9d[s1 sev]al h\rs be=e be+ made4 ,9 our be/-regulat$ bo>d+ s*ools1 & lit]>y & b5evol5t in/itutions ( all k9ds1 p>ticul> att5tion is n[ paid to ?is subject4 ,9 "s in/ances1 lodg+ rooms are furni%$ ) frames = ! express purpose ( facilitat+ ! v5tilation ( ! b$-clo!s4 ,imm$iately on ris+ 9 ! morn+1 ! clo!s are remov$ f ! b$s1 & expos$ ^u ^! frames to a curr5t ( fre% air = sev]al h\rs1 ! w9d[s be+ op5$ = t purpose4 ,not)/&+ c>e be tak5 to promote p]sonal cleanl9ess by daily ablutions1 if ! v5tilation ( b$s & clo?+ be neglect$1 & p]spiration be suff]$ to accumulate 9 !m1 x may be reabsorb$1 &1 pass+ aga9 into ! circulation1 produce all ! mis*ief ( :i* ,i h be=e spok54 ,,! ,,tee?4--,i h already spok5 ( ! relation ! tee? su/a9 to dige/ion4 ,_! use 9 ! prop] ma/ication ( food is ess5tial to ! heal?y & vigor\s p]=mance ( ?is important function4 ,! prop] use ( a good set ( tee? contributes l>gely to bo? ! physical com=t1 & ! intellectual & moral well-be+ ( _! possessor2 b :5 neglect$1 !y v commonly decay & become useless2 nay1 m1 !y are n unfrequ5tly a s\rce ( great & almo/ con/ant discom=t = ye>s4 ,9 ord] to pres]ve ! tee?1 !y mu/ be kept clean4 ,aft] e meal1 !y %\ld be clean$ ) a bru% & wat]4 ,a too?-pick w sometimes be f\nd necess>y 9 ! removal ( p>ticles ( food t are inaccessible to ! bru%4 ,metallic too?-picks injure ! enamel1 & %\ld n be us$4 ,^? made ( ivory1 or ! common goose-quill1 are unobjectionable4 ,! bru% %\ld be us$1 n only aft] ea* meal1 b ! la/ ?+ at night & ! fir/ ?+ 9 ! morn+4 ,?is w prev5t ! accumulation ( t>t>1 :i* s commonly incru/s neglect$ tee?4 ,if suff]$ to rema91 x gradually accumulates1 presses ^u ! gums1 & de/roys _! heal?4 ,by ?is means ! roots ( ! tee? become b>e1 & ?us depriv$ ( _! natural /imulus1 !y prematurely decay4 ,food or dr9k ei!r v hot or v cold is exce$+ly injuri\s to ! tee?4 ,s\r drops1 acidulat$ dr9ks1 & all articles ( food t set ! tee? on edge1 are injuri\s1 & %\ld be c>efully avoid$4 ,%\ld x become necess>y to take s\r drops z a m$ic9e1 !y %\ld be giv5 ?r\gh a quill1 & e precaution %\ld be tak5 to prev5t _! com+ 9 contact ) ! tee?4 ,ev5 !n ! m\? %\ld be well r9s$ imm$iately aft] !y are swall[$4 ,disord]$ dige/ion is a great s\rce ( injury to ! tee? bo? 9 *ildhood & 9 mature age4 ,:5 dige/ion is vigor\s1 !re is less deposition ( t>t>1 & ! tee? are naturally ( a pur] :ite4 ,especially is ?is true :5 ! g5]al heal? is good1 & ! diet pla91 & conta9s a full proportion ( vegetable matt]4 ,?is acc\nts = ! fact t _m ru/ics & savages possess tee? t w\ld be envi$ 9 t[n4 ,tobacco is sometimes us$ z a pres]vative ( ! tee?4 ,x is1 inde$1 occasionally prescrib$ z a curative by ignorant physicians1 & ^? :o are will+ to p&] to ! diseas$ appetites ( _! pati5ts4 ,b !re is ! be/ m$ical te/imony t ! use ( ?is fil?y we$ debilitates ! vessels ( ! gums1 turns ! tee? yell[1 & r5d]s ! appe>ance ( ! m\? disagreeable4 ,dr4 ,ru% in=ms u t he knew a man 9 ,philadelphia :o lo/ all 8 tee? by smok+4 ,9 speak+ ( ! moral effects ( ?is practice1 he adds1 ,smok+ & *ew+ tobacco1 by r5d]+ wat] & o!r simple liquors insipid to ! ta/e1 dispose v mu* to ! /rong] /imulus ( ard5t spirits2 h5ce ! practice ( smok+ cig>s ?r\gh\t our c\ntry has be5 foll[$ by ! use ( br&y & wat] z a common dr9k4 ,a d5ti/ ( ext5sive & successful practice 9 ! ,middle & ,we/]n ,/ates1 aft] li/5+ to ! read+ ( ?is article1 said to me1 he _h a pati5t1 a "y lady1 two ( ^: front tee? _h decay$ ?r\gh1 lat]ally1 9 consequ5ce ( smok+4 ,on remov+ ! c>ies1 he f\nd x impossible to fill h] tee?1 because ! op5+s cont9u$ ?r\gh !m4 ,he ?9ks1 z d _m o!rs1 t ! heat ( ! smoke is a pr9cipal cause ( ! injury4 ,among ! conditions ^u :i* ! heal?y action ( ! volunt>y organs dep5ds is a due degree ( appropriate ex]cise4 ,?is is a g5]al law1 & holds ) ref]5ce to ! tee? z well z to any o!r organ or set ( organs4 ,! prop] ma/ication ( heal?ful & nutriti\s food con/itutes ! appropriate ex]cise ( ! tee?1 & is a condition ^u :i* _! heal?1 & ! heal?y ex]cise ( ! function ( dige/ion1 alike dep5d4 ,if f any cause ! tee? ( "o jaw are remov$1 ! correspond+ tee? ( ! o!r jaw1 be+ ?us depriv$ ( t ex]cise :i* is ess5tial to _! heal?1 are press$ out ( ! jaw1 appe> to gr[ long1 become loose 9 _! sockets1 & sometimes fall out4 ,h5ce ! propriety & advantage ( ins]t+ artificial tee? :]e ! natural ones fail2 an ev5t :i* r>ely happ5s :5 !y are prop]ly tak5 c>e (4 ,i ne$ h>dly add t nuts1 & o!r h>d sub/ances t break ! enamel1 are injuri\s to ! tee?1 & %\ld be avoid$4 ,,! ,,bones4--,! bones con/itute ! frame-"w ( ! sy/em4 ,!y consi/ ( two sub/ances1 be+ =m$ ( bo? animal & e>?y matt]4 ,to ! =m] belongs e ?+ connect$ ) _! life & gr[?1 :ile ! latt] gives to !m solidity & /r5g?4 ,! proportions ( ! animal & e>?y elem5ts ( :i* ! bones are compos$ v>y at diff]5t ages4 ,9 *ildhood & e>ly y\?1 :5 b little /r5g? is ne$$1 & great gr[? ( bone is requir$1 ! animal "p prepond]ates4 ,z gr[? advances ! animal "p decreases1 & ! e>?y "p increases4 ,9 middle life1 :5 gr[? is f9i%$ & ! /r5g? is greate/1 & :5 nutrition is requir$ only to repair wa/e1 ! proportions are *ang$1 & ! solid or e>?y "p exce$s ! vital or animal2 & 9 extreme old age1 ! e>?y "p s pr$om9ates z to cause ! bones to become v brittle4 ,! bones1 l o!r p>ts ( ! sy/em1 require ex]cise4 ,if prop]ly us$1 !y increase 9 size & /r5g?4 ,b :ile a due degree ( ex]cise is b5eficial1 x ought to be rem>k$ t sev]e & cont9u$ labor %\ld n be requir$ ( *ildr5 & y\?2 = its t5d5cy is to increase ! deposition ( e>?y matt] to a hurtful ext5t4 ,x is by ?is means t _m *ildr5 are made dw>fs = life1 _! bones be+ consolidat$ by an undue am\nt ( ex]cise & excessive labor be=e !y h atta9$ _! full gr[?4 ,multitudes ( *ildr5 9 our c\ntry1 f ?is & k9dr$ causes1 fail ( atta9+ ! size ( _! ance/ors4 ,^! rem>ks may be turn$ to a practical acc\nt 9 ! family & 9 ! s*ool4 ,at bir?1 _m ( ! bones are sc>cely m ?an c>tilage2 yet *ildr5 are frequ5tly urg$ to /& & walk long be=e ! bones become suffici5tly /rong to su/a9 ! pressure2 &1 z a consequ5ce1 _! legs become crook$1 & !y are p]haps o!r ways de=m$ = life4 ,*ildr5 ought always1 :5 seat$1 to be able to re/ _! feet ^u ! floor4 ,:5 !y occupy a seat t is too high1 & especially :5 !y are unable to rea* _! feet to ! floor1 ! ?igh bones v frequ5tly become curv$4 ,if1 9 addition to high seats1 ! back is n support$1 *ildr5 become r\nd %\ld]$1 _! *e/s contract1 _! con/itutions become p]man5tly enfeebl$1 & !y become peculi>ly susceptible to pulmon>y disease4 ,! back to ! seat %\ld af=d a pleasant & agreeable support to ! small ( ! back1 b x ought n to rea* to ! %\ld] blades4 ,p>5ts & tea*]s %\ld nev] =get t *ildr5 are z susceptible to physical tra9+ z to intellectual or moral culture4 ,& "h1 especially1 !y %\ld be tra9$ up 9 ! way !y %\ld g4 ,physical uprightness is next to moral4 ,if *ildr5 are all[$ to contract bad physical habits1 !y are liable n only to gr[ crook$1 b to become de=m$ 9 v>i\s ways4 ,b s great is ! p[] ( education1 t by x ev5 ! physically crook$ may be made /raight2 ! *e/ may be enl>g$1 ! g5]al heal? may be improv$1 & mu* may be done 9 _m ways to =tify ^? :o h inh]it$ feeble con/itutions aga9/ ! attacks ( disease4 ,! b5efits result+ f ma9ta9+ an upright =m1 & a free & op5 *e/1 h already be5 consid]$1 & ,i %all h occasion to ref] to !m aga94 ,! *e/ ( mo/ adults1 al?\gh incas$ ) bone1 may be increas$ sev]al in*es by draw+ ! arms back 9 ! use ( nature's own %\ld]-braces1 & at ! same "t tak+ deep inhalations ( air1 & fill+ ! lungs to _! utmo/ capacity4 ,hundr$s ( individuals 9 diff]5t p>ts ( ! c\ntry h borne te/imony to ! efficacy ( ?is treatm5t 9 ! improvem5t ( _! heal?4 ,! good results ( su* discipl9e 9 *ildhood are /ill m manife/4 ,a /oop+ po/ure is frequ5tly induc$ by sitt+ at tables & desks t are too l[4 ,x has be5 errone\sly ma9ta9$ by "s t ! top ( ! desk %\ld be on ! same plane ) ! elb[ :5 ! arm hangs by ! side4 ,:5 ! desk is high]1 x has be5 said ! t5d5cy is to elevate "o %\ld]1 to depress ! o!r1 & to produce a p]man5t curvature ( ! sp9al column4 ,al?\gh ?is may h be5 frequ5tly ! result ( sitt+ at a high desk1 yet x is n a necess>y result4 ,to prev5t ! projection ( "o %\ld]1 & ! consequ5t sp9al curvature1 bo? ( ! arms mu/ be kept on ! same level4 ,= ?is purpose1 !re %\ld be room to support !m equally2 & c>e %\ld be tak5 to see t ?is support is regul>ly s\ght4 ,if ?is be n done1 ! "r arm w be apt to rise above ! left1 f its m con/ant use & elevation4 ,a physician1 highly celebrat$ = ! success t has att5d$ 8 treatm5t = lung affections1 aft] dwell+ ^u ! injury to ! heal? t frequ5tly results f sitt+ at too l[ desks1 rem>ks1 t e p>5t %\ld g to ! s*ool-rooms1 & "k = a c]ta9ty t ! desks at :i* 8 *ildr5 write or /udy are fully up to ! arm-pits1 & 9 no case all[ !m to sit /oop+1 or lean+ ! %\ld]s =w>d on ! *e/4 ,if fatigu$ by ?is po/ure1 !y %\ld be call$ to /&1 or g out ( doors & run ab\t4 ,! height ( table ,i f9d mo/ conducive to com=t = my own use is midway betwe5 ! two2 t is1 half way f ! elb[ 7z ! arm hangs by ! side7 to ! arm-pit4 ,x is necess>y1 h[ev]1 to re/ bo? arms equally ^u ! table4 ,! secret ( po/ure consi/s 9 avoid+ all bad positions1 & 9 n cont9u+ any "o position too long4 ,! ord9>y c>riage ( ! body is an object wor?y ( ! att5tion ( e p>5t & in/ructor4 ,! m favorable impression :i* a man ( erect & comm&+ attitude is sure to make1 %\ld n be ov]look$4 ,b !re is a great] good ?an ?is2 = he :o walks erect1 enjoys bett] heal?1 possesses increas$ p[]s ( usefulness1 realizes m t he is a man1 & has m to call =? gratitude to a b5efic5t ,creator1 ?an he :o adopts an oblique po/ure4 ,x 0 j rem>k$ t physical uprightness is next to moral4 ,physical obliquity1 x may be add$1 is ak9 to moral4 ,if !y are n ,g]man-c\s9s1 !re c be little d\bt b t1 consid]$ 9 all its be>+s1 ! t5d5cy ( ! =m] is to induce ! latt]4 ,important z an erect po/ure & a well-develop$ *e/ are to g5tlem51 !y are 9 "s respects ev5 m s to ! fair] sex2 =1 9 addition to ! advantages already consid]$1 :i* bo? enjoy 9 common1 ^! imp>t to !m a peculi> *>m1 t to m5 ( s5se is f> great] ?an pretty faces1 :i* ,nature has n giv5 to all4 ,= a great numb] ( ye>s1 x has be5 ! cu/om 9 ,france to give "y females1 ( ! e>lie/ age1 ! habit ( hold+ back ! %\ld]s1 & ?us exp&+ ! *e/4 ,f ! obs]vations ( anatomi/s lately made1 x appe>s t ! clavicle or coll> bone is actually long] 9 females ( ! ,fr5* nation ?an 9 ^? ( ! ,engli%4 ,z ! two nations are ( ! same race1 z !re is no rem>kable diff]5ce 9 _! bones1 & ?is is peculi> to ! sex1 x mu/ be attribut$1 z ,i believe1 to ! habit above m5tion$1 :i*1 by ! ext5sion ( ! arms1 has gradually produc$ an elongation ( ?is bone4 ,?us we see t habit may be employ$ to alt] & improve ! solid bones4 ,! ,fr5* h succe$$ 9 ! developm5t ( a "p 9 a way t adds to heal? & beauty1 & increases a *>act]i/ic t di/+ui%es ! human be+ f ! brute4#i #i ,quot$ into ! ,s*oolma/] 7a "w publi%$ 9 ,london "u ! sup]9t5d5ce ( ! ,society = ! ,diffusion ( ,useful ,k7 f a lecture deliv]$ by ,dr4 ,j4 ,c4 ,w>r5 be=e ! ,am]ican ,in/itute ( ,in/ruction1 ,augu/1 #ahcj4 ,,! ,,muscles4--,! muscles consi/ ( compact bundles ( fle%y fib]s1 :i* are f\nd 9 animals on remov+ ! sk94 ,!y con/itute ! r$ fle%y "p ( meat1 & give =m & symmetry to ! body4 ,9 ! limbs !y surr\nd & protect ! bones1 :ile 9 ! trunk !y spread out & con/itute a def5sive wall = ! protection ( ! vital p>ts b5ea?4 ,! muscles h be5 divid$ into ?ree p>ts1 ( :i* ! middle & fle%y portion1 call$ ! belly1 is mo/ conspicu\s4 ,! o!r two p>ts are ! opposite ends1 & are commonly call$ ! orig9 & ins]tion ( ! muscle4 ,! orig9 is usually fa/5$ to "o bone1 & ! ins]tion is atta*$ to ano!r4 ,by ! contraction ( ! belly ( ! muscle1 ! ins]tion1 :i* is movable1 is drawn t[>d ! orig91 :i* is fix$1 & br+s ) x ! bone to :i* x is atta*$4 ,?is any "o c see illu/rat$ 9 b5d+ ! arm4 ,! muscle :i* p]=ms ?is function lies betwe5 ! elb[ & ! %\ld]4 ,x is atta*$ to ! %\ld] by its orig91 & to "o ( ! bones ( ! =e-arm1 j bel[ ! elb[1 by its ins]tion4 ,by grasp+ ! arm midway betwe5 ! %\ld] & ! elb[ ) ! opposite h&1 & !n b5d+ ! arm1 ! enl>gem5t ( ! belly ( ! muscle by ! contraction w be at once p]ceiv$4 ,!n1 by mov+ ! h& d[n on ! inside ( ! arm t[>d ! elb[1 ! less5+ muscle may be readily trac$ until x t]m9ates 9 a t5don1 ( mu* less size ?an ! muscle1 b ( great /r5g?1 :i* is ins]t$ into ! bone j bel[ ! elb[4 ,z ! =e-arm is drawn up1 & especially if !re be a weight 9 ! h&1 ! t5don may be felt j )9 ! elb[-jo9t1 runn+ t[>d ! po9t ( ins]tion4 ,ext5d ! arm at ! elb[1 & ! muscle on ! outside ( ! arm w swell & become firm1 :ile ! inside muscle1 & its t5don at ! elb[1 w be relax$4 ,?is example well illu/rates ! pr9ciple on :i* all ! jo9ts ( ! sy/em are mov$4 ,^? :o are acqua9t$ ) me*anics w readily p]ceive t ! action j describ$ is an example ( ! ?ird k9d ( lev]1 :]e ! p[] is appli$ betwe5 ! weight & ! fulcrum4 ,! elb[ is ! fulcrum1 ! h& conta9s ! weight1 & ! t5don1 ins]t$ into ! bone j bel[ ! elb[1 is ! p[]4 ,?is k9d ( lev] requires ! p[] to be great] ?an ! weight1 & acts "u :at is call$ a me*anical disadvantage4 ,:at is lo/ 9 p[]1 h[ev]1 is comp5sat$ 9 increas$ velocity4 ,!re are upw>d ( f\r hundr$ muscles 9 ! human body4 ,"s ( ^! are volunt>y 9 _! motions1 z ^? ,i h describ$1 :ile o!rs are involunt>y1 z ! action ( ! he>t & ! respiratory muscles4 ,_h ! action ( ^! dep5d$ ^u ! w1 z does ! action ( ! muscles ( locomotion1 ! circulation ( ! blood & ! process ( brea?+ w\ld cease1 & life w\ld become ext9ct :5ev] sleep or any o!r cause %\ld ov]come ! att5tion4 ,"h1 !n1 we h ano!r beautiful illu/ration ( ! wisdom & b5efic5ce ( ! ,creator 9 s ord]+ t ^? muscles :i* are ess5tial to ! cont9uation ( life %all p]=m _! functions )\t ! control or att5tion ( ! individual4 ,! /udy ( ! muscul> sy/em involves an exposition ( ! pr9ciples by :i* ex]cise %\ld be regulat$1 & c sc>cely fail to excite ! att5tion ( ! g5]al read]1 & especially ( ^? :o1 z p>5ts or tea*]s1 are int]e/$ 9 ! education ( ! "y4 ,! muscles enable u to move ! frame-"w ( ! sy/em4 ,_! *ief purpose obvi\sly is to enable u to c>ry into effect ! v>i\s resolutions & designs :i* h be5 =m$ by ! m9d4 ,b1 :ile fulfill+ ?is gr& object1 _! active ex]cise is1 at ! same "t1 highly conducive to ! well-be+ ( _m o!r important functions4 ,by muscul> contraction1 ! blood is g5tly assi/$ 9 its c\rse ?r\gh ! small] vessels to ! m di/ant p>ts ( ! body2 & by x ! important processes ( dige/ion1 respiration1 secretion1 absorption1 & nutrition are promot$2 & by x ! heal? ( ! :ole body is imm$iately & greatly influ5c$4 ,! m9d itself is exhil>at$ or depress$ by ! prop] or improp] use ( muscul> ex]cise4 ,x ?us becomes a po9t ( no slight importance to e/abli% g5]al pr9ciples by :i* t ex]cise may be regulat$4 ,9 e "p ( ! animal economy1 ! muscles are proportion$ 9 size & /ructure to ! ef=ts requir$ ( !m4 ,:5ev] a muscle is call$ into frequ5t use1 its fib]s increase 9 ?ickness )9 c]ta9 limits1 & become capable ( act+ ) great] =ce & read9ess4 ,on ! o!r h&1 :5 a muscle is little us$1 its volume & p[] decrease 9 a correspond+ degree4 ,9 ord] to secure ! mo/ b5eficial results f ex]cise1 ref]5ce %\ld be _h to ! "t at :i* x is tak54 ,^? :o are 9 p]fect heal? may engage 9 x at almo/ any h\r except imm$iately aft] a meal2 b ^? :o are n robu/ ought to conf9e _! h\rs ( ex]cise )9 n>r[] limits4 ,to a p]son 9 full vigor1 a good walk1 or o!r brisk ex]cise be=e breakfa/ may be highly b5eficial & exhil>at+1 :ile to an invalid or delicate p]son x w be likely to prove detrim5tal4 ,9 ord] to prove b5eficial1 ex]cise mu/ be resort$ to only :5 ! sy/em is suffici5tly vigor\s to be able to meet x4 ,?is is usually ! case aft] a lapse ( f two to f\r h\rs aft] a mod]ate meal4 ,! =5oon1 !n1 w g5]ally be f\nd ! be/ "t = ex]cise = p]sons ^: habits are s$5t>y4 ,if ex]cise be delay$ till ! sy/em feels exhau/ion f want ( food1 its t5d5cy w be to dissipate ! /r5g? t rema9s & impair dige/ion2 :ile1 if tak5 at ! prop] "t1 x w invigorate ! sy/em & promote dige/ion4 ,! reasons are obvi\s2 = ex]cise ( e k9d causes increas$ action & wa/e 9 ! organ1 & if !re be n mat]ials & vigor en\gh 9 ! sy/em to keep up t action & supply ! wa/e1 no?+ b increas$ debility c reasonably be expect$4 ,active ex]cise imm$iately be=e meals is injuri\s4 ,! reasons are app>5t1 = muscul> ex]cise directs a fl[ ( blood & n]v\s en]gy to ! surface & extremities2 & x is an e/abli%$ law 9 physiology1 t en]getic action c n be kept up 9 two di/ant p>ts ( ! sy/em at ! same "t4 ,h5ce1 :5ev] a meal is tak5 imm$iately aft] vigor\s ex]cise1 ! /oma* is tak5 at disadvantage1 &1 f want ( ! necess>y action 9 its vessels & n]ves1 is unable to c>ry on dige/ion ) success4 ,?is is v obvi\sly ! case :]e ! ex]cise has be5 sev]e or protract$4 ,active ex]cise ought to be equally avoid$ imm$iately aft] a heavy meal1 = !n ! functions ( ! dige/ive organs are 9 ! highe/ /ate ( activity4 ,if ! muscul> sy/em be call$ into vigor\s action "u su* circum/ances1 x w cause a )drawal ( ! vital /imuli ( ! blood & n]v\s influ5ce f ! /oma* to ! extremities1 :i* c n fail greatly to ret>d ! dige/ive process4 ,9 accordance ) ?is well-e/abli%$ fact1 !re is a natural & m>k$ av]sion to active pursuits aft] a full meal4 ,a m]e /roll1 :i* requires no ex]tion & does n fatigue1 w n be injuri\s be=e or aft] eat+2 b ex]cise beyond ?is limit is at su* times hurtful4 ,all1 !re=e1 :o w\ld pres]ve & improve _! heal?1 w f9d x to _! advantage to obs]ve fai?fully ?is important law1 o!rwise !y w deprive !mselves ( mo/ ( ! b5efits t are usually att5dant ^u judici\s ex]cise4 ,all1 !n1 :o are =c$ to mu* ex]tion imm$iately aft] eat+1 %\ld satisfy !mselves ) p>tak+ ( a v mod]ate meal4 ,^! rem>ks apply to bo? physical & m5tal ex]cise2 = if ! intellect be int5tly occupi$ 9 pr(\nd & absorb+ ?\ght1 ! n]v\s en]gy w be conc5trat$ 9 ! bra91 & any dem&s made on x by ! /oma* or muscles w be v imp]fectly att5d$ to4 ,s1 also1 if ! /oma* be actively engag$ 9 dige/+ a full meal1 & "s subject ( ?\ght be pres5t$ to ! m9d1 consid]able difficulty w be felt 9 pursu+ x1 & mo/ probably bo? ?\ght & dige/ion w be di/urb$4 ,ano!r law ( ! muscul> sy/em requires t relaxation & contraction %\ld alt]nate2 or1 9 o!r words1 t re/ %\ld foll[ ex]cise4 ,9 accordance ) ?is law1 x is easi] to walk ?an to /&2 & 9 /&+1 x is easi] to *ange f "o foot to ! o!r ?an to /& /ill4 ,to require a *ild to ext5d 8 arm & hold a book 9 8 h&1 or ev5 to keep ! arm ext5d$ b a %ort "t1 is a violation ( ?is law :i* %\ld nev] be p]mitt$4 ,ak9 to ?is is ! v injudici\s practice1 :i* is sometimes resort$ to 9 s*ools1 ( requir+ a boy to /oop ov]1 &1 plac+ 8 f+] ^u a nail 9 ! floor1 hold x 94 ,tea*]s :o are dispos$ to inflict puni%m5ts l ^! ought fir/ to try ! exp]im5t !mselves4 ,su* protract$ t5sion ( ! muscles enfeebles _! action1 & ultimately de/roys _! p[] ( contraction4 ,^! rem>ks suffici5tly expla9 :y small *ildr51 aft] sitt+ a :ile 9 s*ool1 become re/less4 ,prop] reg>d = ?is organic law requires t ! small] *ildr5 9 s*ool be all[$ a recess z (t51 at lea/1 z once an h\r2 & t all be all[$ & enc\rag$ frequ5tly to *ange _! position4 ,i fully concur 9 ! op9ion express$ by ,dr4 ,caldwell1 :o says1 ,x w\ld be inf9itely wis] & bett] to employ suitable p]sons to sup]9t5d ! ex]cises & amusem5ts ( *ildr5 "u sev5 ye>s ( age1 9 ! fields1 or*>ds1 & mead[s1 & po9t out to !m ! ri*] beauties ( nature1 ?an to h !m immur$ 9 cr[d$ s*ool-rooms1 9 a /ate ( inaction1 por+ ov] torn books & prim]s1 conn+ words ( ^: mean+ !y are ignorant1 & brea?+ f\l air4 ,a *ange ( position calls into action a diff]5t set ( muscles1 & relieves ^? t are exhau/$4 ,! object ( ex]cise is to employ all ! muscles ( ! body1 & especially to /r5g!n ^? t are weak4 ,x ought h5ce to be frequ5tly v>i$1 & always adapt$ to ! peculi>ities ( individuals4 ,diff]5t k9ds ( ex]cise w !re=e be f\nd to suit diff]5t con/itutions4 ,s$5t>y p]sons be/ enjoy1 & w be mo/ pr(it$ by1 t k9d ( ex]cise :i* br+s into action ! greate/ numb] ( muscles4 ,to give ex]cise its greate/ value1 x %\ld be tak5 at ! same h\r e day4 ,?is is well-nigh z important z ! rule t requires meals to be tak5 regul>ly4 ,if ex]cise be tak5 irregul>ly1 "o day 9 ! morn+1 ano!r day at noon1 & ano!r day at night1 if at all1 x is possible t good may result f x1 b its b5eficial effects w\ld be greatly increas$ if ! same am\nt ( ex]cise 7 tak5 e day at ! same h\rs4 ,give ! sy/em an opportunity ( e/abli%+ good habits 9 ?is respect1 & x w d]ive great advantage f !m2 b x is difficult = x to d]ive any b5efit f a habit ( irregul>ity1 if su* may be call$ a habit4 ,/ud5ts1 tea*]s1 & all p]sons :o lead s$5t>y lives1 %\ld h _! regul> times = ex]cise z well z = meals1 & if !y f9d x necess>y to d )\t "o1 !y w g5]ally f9d x advantage\s to disp5se ) ! o!r also4 ,walk+1 x has be5 said1 agrees ) e body4 ,b z x br+s into play *iefly ! l[] limbs & muscles ( ! lo9s1 & af=ds little scope = ! play ( ! arms & muscles ( ! *e/1 x is ( itself insuffici5t to con/itute adequate ex]cise4 ,to r5d] x mo/ b5eficial1 ! %\ld]s %\ld be drawn back1 & ! *e/ %\ld be enl>g$ by tak+ deep inspirations ( pure air4 ,! muscles ( ! *e/1 & ( e "p ( ! body1 %\ld be free to move & unconf9$ by tight clo?+4 ,f5c+1 %uttlecock1 & su* o!r useful sports z comb9e ) !m free movem5ts ( ! upp] "p ( ! body1 are d\bly advantage\s1 = !y n only ex]cise ! muscles ( ! :ole body1 b possess ! additional advantage ( animat+ ! m9d & increas+ ! n]v\s /imulus1 by :i* ex]cise is r5d]$ easy1 pleasant1 & invigorat+4 ,= ! purpose ( develop+ ! *e/1 physiologi/s g5]ally concur 9 recomm5d+ f5c+ z a good ex]cise = boys4 ,%uttlecock is a v b5eficial ex]cise = females1 call+ into play1 z x does1 ! muscles ( ! *e/1 trunk1 & arms4 ,x ought to be practic$ 9 ! op5 air4 ,:5 play$ ) bo? h&s1 z x may be aft] a little practice1 x is v useful 9 prev5t+ curvature1 & 9 giv+ vigor to ! sp9e4 ,x is an excell5t plan to play ) a battl$ore 9 ea* h&1 & to /rike ) !m alt]nately4 ,! graces is ano!r play well adapt$ = exp&+ ! *e/1 & giv+ /r5g? to ! muscles ( ! back1 & has ! advantage ( be+ practicable 9 ! op5 air4 ,x is v important t ! muscles ( ! back be /r5g!n$ by due ex]cise1 = _! prop] use contributes to bo? heal? & beauty4 ,:5 manag$ ) due reg>d to ! natural p[]s ( ! individual1 & s z to avoid ef=t & fatigue1 read+ al\d becomes a v useful & invigorat+ ex]cise4 ,9 =m+ & undulat+ ! voice1 n only ! *e/1 b also ! diaphragm & abdom9al muscles are 9 con/ant action1 & communicate to ! /oma* & b[els a heal?y & agreeable /imulus4 ,:]e ! voice is rais$ & ! elocution is rapid1 ! muscul> ef=t becomes fatigu+2 b :5 c>e is tak5 n to c>ry read+ al\d s f> at "o "t z to excite a s5sation ( sor5ess or fatigue 9 ! *e/1 & ! ex]cise is duly repeat$1 x is extremely useful 9 develop+ & giv+ tone to ! organs ( respiration & to ! g5]al sy/em4 ,vocal music is also v useful1 by its direct effect on ! con/itution4 ,x 0 ! op9ion ( ,dr4 ,ru%1 t "y ladies especially1 :o1 by ! cu/om ( society1 are deb>r$ f _m k9ds ( salubri\s ex]cise1 %\ld cultivate s++1 n only z an accompli%m5t1 b z a means ( pres]v+ heal?4 ,he p>ticul>ly insi/s t x %\ld nev] be neglect$ 9 ! education ( females2 & /ates t1 besides its salut>y op]ation 9 enabl+ !m to soo! ! c>es ( dome/ic life1 & quiet sorr[ by ! unit$ assi/ance ( ! s\nd & s5tim5t ( a prop]ly *os5 song1 x has a /ill m direct & important effect4 ',i "h introduce a fact1' he rem>ks1 ':i* has be5 sugge/$ to me by my pr(ession1 & t is1 t ! ex]cise ( ! organs ( ! brea/ by s++ contributes v mu* to def5d !m f ^? diseases to :i* ! climate & o!r causes expose !m4 ,! ,g]mans are seldom afflict$ ) consumption1 nor h ,i ev] kn[n b "o in/ance ( spitt+ blood among !m4 ,?is1 ,i believe1 is 9 "p occasion$ by ! /r5g? :i* _! lungs acquire by ex]cis+ !m frequ5tly 9 vocal music1 = ?is con/itutes an ess5tial bran* ( _! education4 ,! music-ma/] ( our academy has furni%$ me ) an obs]vation /ill m 9 favor ( ?is op9ion4 ,he in=m$ me t he _h kn[n sev]al in/ances ( p]sons :o 7 /rongly dispos$ to consumption1 :o 7 re/or$ to heal? by ! ex]cise ( _! lungs 9 s++4'#aj #aj ,mr4 ,woodbridge's lecture be=e ! ,am]ican ,in/itute ( ,in/ruction1 #ahcj4 ,ba?+ or ablution1 :5 conduct$ z recomm5d$ on pages #fj & #fa1 is n only a means ( cleanl9ess & ( excit+ a heal?y action 9 ! sk91 b x con/itutes1 at ! same "t1 a mo/ admirable ex]cise4 ,if a lodg+-room has be5 prop]ly v5tilat$ by leav+ op5 w9d[s1 or o!rwise1 s t ! air is pure & heal?ful 9 ! morn+1 t5 or fifte5 m9utes sp5t 9 ba?+ & friction1 ) a prop] ex]cise ( ! muscles ( ! back & abdom51 w contribute m to invigorate ! sy/em & promote ! g5]al heal? ?an twice ! am\nt ( ex]cise tak5 at any o!r "t or 9 any o!r way4 ,f ! =ego+ rem>ks1 x appe>s t ! mo/ p]fect ( all ex]cises are ^? :i* comb9e ! free play ( all ! muscles ( ! body1 m5tal int]e/ & excitem5t1 & ! unre/ra9$ use ( ! voice4 ,,*apt] ,,iv4 ,,! ,,laws ,,( ,,heal?4 ,,philosophy ,,( ,,respiration4 ,we in/9ctively %un approa* to ! dirty1 ! squalid1 & ! diseas$1 & use no g>m5t t may h be5 worn by ano!r4 ,we op5 sew]s = matt]s t (f5d ! sight or ! smell1 & contam9ate ! air4 ,we c>efully remove impurities f :at we eat & dr9k1 filt] turbid wat]1 & fa/idi\sly avoid dr9k+ f a cup t may h be5 press$ to ! lips ( a fri5d4 ,on ! o!r h&1 we resort to places ( assembly1 & draw into our m\?s air load$ ) effluvia f ! lungs1 sk91 & clo?+ ( e individual 9 ! promiscu\s cr[d--exhalations (f5sive1 to a c]ta9 ext5t1 f ! mo/ heal?y individuals2 b :5 aris+ f a liv+ mass ( sk9 & lungs 9 all /ages ( evaporation1 disease1 & putridity1 !y are 9 ! highe/ degree delet]i\s & loa?some4--,,birnan4 ,respiration is usually def9$ z ! process by :i* air is tak5 into ! lungs & expell$ f !m4 ,x expla9s ! *anges t take place 9 ^! organs1 9 ! conv]sion ( *yle & v5\s1 or worn-out blood1 into art]ial or nutri5t blood4 ,9 ord] to be cle>ly und]/ood1 ,i mu/ premise a few obs]vations on ! circulation ( ! blood4#aa ,! blood circulat+ ?r\gh ! body is ( two diff]5t k9ds2 ! "o r$ or art]ial1 & ! o!r d>k or v5\s blood4 ,! =m] alone is capable ( af=d+ n\ri%m5t & support+ life4 ,x is di/ribut$ f ! left side ( ! he>t all ov] ! body by means ( a great art]y1 :i* subdivides 9 its c\rse1 & ultimately t]m9ates 9 myriads ( v m9ute ramifications closely int]wov5 )1 & 9 reality con/itut+ a "p (1 ! texture ( e liv+ "p4 ,on rea*+ ?is extreme po9t ( its c\rse1 ! blood passes into equally m9ute ramifications ( ! ve9s1 :i* 9 _! turn gradually coalesce1 & =m l>g] & l>g] trunks1 till !y at la/ t]m9ate 9 two l>ge ve9s1 by :i* ! :ole curr5t ( ! v5\s blood is br\ght back 9 a direction contr>y to t ( ! blood 9 ! art]ies1 & p\r$ into ! "r side ( ! he>t4 ,on exam9+ ! quality ( ! blood 9 ! art]ies & ve9s1 x is f\nd to h und]gone a great *ange 9 its passage f ! "o to ! o!r4 ,! florid hue :i* di/+ui%$ x 9 ! art]ies has disappe>$1 & giv5 place to ! d>k color *>act]i/ic ( v5\s blood4 ,its prop]ties1 too1 h *ang$1 & x is n[ no long] capable ( su/a9+ life4 #aa ,tak51 ) slight alt]ations1 f ! description ( ,dr4 ,a4 ,combe4 ,two conditions are ess5tial to ! reconv]sion ( v5\s into art]ial blood1 & to ! re/oration ( its vital prop]ties4 ,! fir/ is an adequate provision ( new mat]ials f ! food to supply ! place ( ^? :i* h be5 exp5d$ 9 nutrition1 & ! second is ! free exposure ( ! v5\s blood to ! atmosph]ic air4 ,! fir/ condition is fulfill$ by ! *yle1 or nutri5t portion ( ! food1 be+ regul>ly p\r$ into ! v5\s blood j be=e x rea*es ! "r side ( ! he>t1 & ! second by ! important process ( respiration1 :i* takes place 9 ! air-cells ( ! lungs4 ,! v5\s blood1 hav+ arriv$ at ! "r side ( ! he>t1 is propell$ by ! contraction ( t organ into a l>ge art]y1 lead+ directly1 by sep>ate bran*es1 to ! two lungs1 & h5ce call$ ! pulmon>y art]y4 ,9 ! innum]able bran*es ( ?is art]y exp&+ !mselves ?r\gh\t ! sub/ance ( ! lungs1 ! d>k blood is subject$ to ! contact ( ! air inhal$ 9 brea?+1 & a *ange 9 ! composition bo? ( ! blood & ( ! inhal$ air takes place1 9 consequ5ce ( :i* ! =m] is f\nd to h reassum$ its florid or art]ial hue1 & to h rega9$ its p[] ( support+ life4 ,! blood !n ent]s m9ute v5\s ramifications1 :i* gradually coalesce into l>g] bran*es1 & at la/ t]m9ate 9 f\r l>ge trunks 9 ! left side ( ! he>t1 :5ce ! blood1 9 its art]ial =m1 is aga9 di/ribut$ ov] ! body1 to pursue ! same c\rse & und]go ! same *ange z be=e4 ,x w be p]ceiv$ t !re are two di/9ct circulations1 ea* ( :i* is c>ri$ on by its own sy/em ( vessels4 ,! "o is f ! left side ( ! he>t to e "p ( ! body1 & back to ! "r side ( ! he>t4 ,! o!r is f ! "r side ( ! he>t to ! lungs1 & back to ! left side ( ! he>t4 ,! =m] has = its object nutrition & ! ma9t5ance ( life2 & ! latt]1 ! re/oration ( ! det]iorat$ blood1 & ! animalization or assimilation ( ! *yle f :i* ! blood is =m$4 ,?is process has already be5 ref]r$ to z ! completion ( dige/ion2 = *yle is n fitt$ to n\ri% ! sy/em until1 by its exposure to ! atmosph]ic air 9 ! lungs1 x is conv]t$ into art]ial blood4 ,z ! food c n become a "p ( ! liv+ animal1 or ! v5\s blood rega9 its lo/ prop]ties until !y h und]gone ! requisite *anges 9 ! air-cells ( ! lungs1 ! function ( respiration by :i* ^! are effect$ is "o ( pre-em95t importance 9 ! animal economy1 & well des]ves ! mo/ c>eful exam9ation4 ,! t]m respiration is frequ5tly re/rict$ to ! m]e inhalation & expiration ( air f ! lungs1 b m g5]ally x is employ$ to designate ! :ole s]ies ( ph5om5a :i* occur 9 ^! organs4 ,! t]m sanguification is occasionally us$ to d5ote t "p ( ! process 9 :i* ! blood1 by exposure to ! action ( ! air1 passes f ! v5\s to ! art]ial /ate4 ,z ! *yle does n become assimilat$ to ! blood until x has pass$ ?r\gh ! lungs1 ?is t]m1 :i* signifies blood-mak+1 is n unaptly us$4 ,! quantity & quality ( ! blood h a mo/ direct & mat]ial influ5ce ^u ! condition ( e "p ( ! body4 ,if ! quantity s5t to ! arm1 = example1 be dim9i%$ by ty+ ! art]y ?r\gh :i* x is convey$1 ! arm1 be+ !n imp]fectly n\ri%$1 wa/es away1 & does n rega9 its plumpness till ! full supply ( blood be re/or$4 ,9 l mann]1 :5 ! quality ( t fluid is impair$ by defici5cy ( food1 bad dige/ion1 impure air1 or imp]fect sanguification 9 ! lungs1 ! body & all its functions become m or less disord]$4 ,?us1 9 consumption1 dea? takes place *iefly 9 consequ5ce ( respiration n be+ suffici5tly p]fect to admit ( ! =mation ( prop] blood 9 ! lungs4 ,a k ( ! /ructure & functions ( ! lungs1 & ( ! conditions favorable to _! heal?y action1 is !re=e v important1 = on _! welf>e dep5ds t ( e organ ( ! body4 ,! exposure ( ! blood to ! action ( ! air seems to be indisp5sable to e v>iety ( animat$ creatures4 ,9 man & ! m p]fect ( ! l[] animals1 x is c>ri$ on 9 ! lungs1 ! /ructure ( :i* is admirably adapt$ = ! purpose4 ,9 _m animals1 h[ev]1 ! requisite action is effect$ )\t ! int]v5tion ( lungs4 ,9 fi%es1 = example1 t live 9 wat] & d n brea!1 ! blood circulates ?r\gh ! gills1 & 9 !m is expos$ to ! air :i* ! wat] conta9s4 ,s necess>y is ! atmosph]ic air to ! vitality ( ! blood 9 all animals1 t ! want ( x inevitably proves fatal4 ,a fi% c no m live 9 wat] depriv$ ( air1 ?an a man c\ld 9 an atmosph]e devoid ( oxyg51 :i* is ! elem5t t unites ) ! blood 9 ! lungs 9 sanguification4 ,9 man ! lungs are ^? l>ge1 light1 spongy bodies :i*1 along ) ! he>t1 completely fill up ! cavity ( ! *e/4 ,!y v>y mu* 9 size 9 diff]5t p]sons2 & z ! *e/ is =m$ = _! protection1 x is ei!r l>ge & capaci\s1 or ! rev]se1 accord+ to ! size ( ! lungs4 ,! sub/ance ( ! lungs consi/s ( bron*ial tubes1 air-cells1 blood-vessels1 n]ves1 & cellul> membrane4 ,! bron*ial tubes are m]ely cont9uations & subdivisions ( ! w9dpipe1 & s]ve to convey ! ext]nal air to ! air-cells ( ! lungs4 ,! air-cells con/itute ! *ief "p ( ! lungs1 & are ! t]m9ation ( ! small] bran*es ( ! bron*ial tubes4 ,:5 fully di/5d$1 !y are s num]\s z 9 appe>ance to con/itute almo/ ! :ole lung4 ,!y are ( v>i\s sizes1 f ! tw5tie? to ! hundr$? ( an in* 9 diamet]1 & are l9$ ) an exce$+ly f9e1 ?9 membrane1 on :i* ! m9ute capill>y bran*es ( ! pulmon>y art]ies & ve9s are copi\sly ramifi$4 ,x is :ile circulat+ 9 ! small vessels ( ?is membrane1 & !re expos$ to ! air1 t ! blood und]goes ! *ange f ! v5\s to ! art]ial /ate4 ,s num]\s are ^! air-cells1 t ! aggregate ext5t ( _! l9+ membrane 9 man has be5 comput$ to exce$ tw5ty ?\s& squ>e in*es1 or ab\t t5 times ! surface ( ! human body4 ,"s writ]s place ! e/imate consid]ably high]4 ,a copi\s exhalation ( moi/ure takes place 9 brea?+1 :i* pres5ts a /rik+ analogy to ! exhalation f ! surface ( ! sk9 already describ$4 ,9 ! =m] z 9 ! latt] in/ance1 ! exhalation is c>ri$ on by ! innum]able m9ute capill>y vessels 9 :i* ! small art]ial bran*es t]m9ate 9 ! air-cells4 ,pulmon>y exhalation is1 9 fact1 "o ( ! *ief outlets ( wa/e matt] f ! sy/em2 & ! air we brea! is ?us vitiat$1 n only by ! subtraction ( its oxyg5 & ! addition ( c>bonic acid gas1 b also by animal effluvia1 ) :i* x is load$ :5 return$ f ! lungs4 ,9 "s individuals ?is la/ s\rce ( impurity is s great z to r5d] _! vic9ity (f5sive1 & ev5 insupportable4 ,x is ?is :i* gives ! disagreeable1 sick5+ smell to cr[d$ rooms4 ,! air :i* is expir$ f ! lungs is r5d]$ (f5sive by v>i\s o!r causes4 ,:5 spiritu\s liquors are tak5 into ! /oma*1 = example1 !y are absorb$ by ! ve9s & mix$ ) ! v5\s blood1 9 :i* !y are c>ri$ to ! lungs to be expell$ f ! body4 ,9 "s in/ances1 :5 p]sons h drank copi\sly ( spirits1 _! brea? has be5 s saturat$ ) !m z actually to take fire & burn4 ,an in/ance ( ?is k9d has rec5tly be5 communicat$ to me by sev]al reliable witnesses1 9 :i* ! flame 0 ext+ui%$ by clos+ ! m\? & nose1 ?us exclud+ ! pure air t support$ ! combu/ion1 until ! un=tunate exp]im5t] c\ld remove ! c&le by :i* 8 brea? _h tak5 fire4 ,?is illu/ration w expla9 h[ ! odor ( diff]5t sub/ances is frequ5tly p]ceptible 9 ! brea? long aft] ! m\? is free f !m4 ,! lungs n only exhale wa/e matt]1 b absorption takes place f _! l9+ membrane4 ,9 bo? ( ^! respects !re is a /rik+ analogy betwe5 ! functions p]=m$ by ! lungs & ! sk94 ,:5 a p]son brea!s an atmosph]e load$ ) ! fumes ( spirits1 tobacco1 turp5t9e1 or ( any o!r volatile sub/ance1 a portion ( ! fumes is tak5 up by ! absorb+ vessels ( ! lungs1 & c>ri$ into ! sy/em1 & !re produces precisely ! same effects z if introduc$ into ! /oma*4 ,dogs1 = example1 h be5 kill$ by be+ made to inhale ! fumes ( prussic acid = a few m9utes4 ,! lungs ?us become a ready inlet to contagion1 miasmata1 & o!r poison\s influ5ces diffus$ ?r\gh ! air we brea!4 ,f ?is g5]al explanation ( ! /ructure & uses ( ! lungs1 x is obvi\s t sev]al conditions :i* x is our int]e/ to "k & obs]ve are ess5tial to ! heal?y p]=mance ( ! important function ( respiration4 ,! fir/ among ^! is a heal?y orig9al =mation ( ! lungs4 ,no fact 9 m$ic9e is bett] e/abli%$1 says ,dr4 ,combe1 ?an t :i* proves ! h]$it>y transmission1 f p>5ts to *ildr51 ( a con/itutional liability to pulmon>y disease1 & especially to consumption2 yet1 cont9ues he1 no condition is less att5d$ to 9 =m+ matrimonial engagem5ts4 ,ano!r requisite to ! well-be+ ( ! lungs1 & to ! free & salut>y ex]cise ( respiration1 is a due supply ( ri* & heal?y blood4 ,:51 f defective food or impair$ dige/ion1 ! blood is impov]i%$ 9 quality1 & r5d]$ unfit = adequate nutrition1 ! lungs spe$ily suff]1 & t (t5 to a fatal ext5t4 ,! free & easy expansion ( ! *e/ is also indisp5sable to ! full play & dilation ( ! lungs4 ,:atev] int]f]es ) or imp$es x1 ei!r 9 dress or 9 position1 is obvi\sly prejudicial to heal?4 ,on ! o!r h&1 :atev] favors ! free expansion ( ! *e/ equally promotes ! heal?y action ( ! respiratory organs4 ,/ays & corsets1 & tight ve/s & wai/b&s1 op]ate mo/ injuri\sly1 compress+ z !y d ! ?oracic cavity1 & int]f]+ ) ! heal?y dilation ( ! lungs4 ,! admirable h>mony e/abli%$ by ! ,creator betwe5 ! v>i\s con/itu5t p>ts ( ! animal frame1 r5d]s x impossible to pay reg>d to ! conditions requir$ = ! heal? ( any "o1 or to infr+e ! conditions requir$ !re=1 )\t all ! re/ p>ticipat+ 9 ! b5efit or injury4 ,?us1 :ile *e]ful ex]cise 9 ! op5 air & 9 ! society ( equals is directly & em95tly conducive to ! well-be+ ( ! muscul> sy/em1 ! advantage does n /op !re1 ! b5efic5t ,creator hav+ k9dly s ord]$ x t ! same ex]cise %all be sc>cely less advantage\s to ! important function ( respiration4 ,active ex]cise calls ! lungs into play1 favors _! expansion1 promotes ! circulation ( ! blood ?r\gh _! sub/ance1 & leads to _! complete & heal?y developm5t4 ,! same end is greatly facilitat$ by t free & vigor\s ex]cise ( ! voice1 :i* s uni=mly accompanies & enliv5s ! sports ( ! "y1 & :i* d\bles ! b5efits d]iv$ f !m consid]$ z ex]cise4 ,! excitem5t ( ! social & moral feel+s :i* *ildr5 exp]i5ce :ile engag$ 9 play is ano!r p[]ful tonic1 ! influ5ce ( :i* on ! g5]al heal? ought n to be ov]look$2 = ! n]v\s influ5ce is z indisp5sable to ! "r p]=mance ( respiration z x is to ! action ( ! muscles or to ! dige/ion ( food4 ,! regul> supply ( pure fre% air is ano!r ess5tial condition ( heal?y respiration1 )\t :i* ! requisite *anges 9 ! con/itution ( ! blood1 z x passes ?r\gh ! lungs1 c n be effect$4 ,to enable ! read] to appreciate ?is condition1 x is necess>y to consid] ! nature ( ! *anges allud$ to4 ,x is asc]ta9$ by analysis t ! air we brea! is compos$ *iefly ( ! two gases nitrog5 & oxyg51 unit$ 9 ! ratio ( f\r to "o by volume1 ) exce$+ly small & v>iable quantities ( c>bonic acid & aque\s vapor4 ,no o!r mixture ( ^!1 or ( any o!r gases1 w su/a9 heal?y respiration4 ,to be m specific--atmosph]ic air consi/s ( ab\t sev5ty-eight p] c5t4 ( nitrog51 tw5ty-"o p] c5t4 ( oxyg51 & n q "o p] c5t4 ( c>bonic acid4 ,su* is its con/itution :5 tak5 into ! lungs 9 ! act ( brea?+4 ,:5 x is expell$ f !m1 h[ev]1 its composition is f\nd to be greatly alt]$4 ,! quantity ( nitrog5 rema9s ne>ly ! same1 b eight or eight & a half p] c5t4 ( ! oxyg5 or vital air h disappe>$1 & be5 replac$ by an equal am\nt ( c>bonic acid4 ,9 addition to ^! *anges1 ! expir$ air is load$ ) moi/ure4 ,simultane\sly ) ^! occurr5ces1 ! blood collect$ f ! ve9s1 :i* ent]s ! lungs ( a d>k color & unfit = ! support ( life1 assumes a florid hue & acquires ! p[] ( support+ life4 ,physiologi/s are n fully agre$ 9 expla9+ ! processes by :i* ^! *anges are effect$ 9 ! lungs4 ,all1 h[ev]1 agree t ! *ange ( ! blood 9 ! lungs is ess5tially dep5d5t on ! supply ( oxyg5 conta9$ 9 ! air we brea!1 & t air is fit or unfit = respiration 9 exact proportion z its quantity ( oxyg5 approa*es to1 or diff]s f1 t conta9$ 9 pure air4 ,if we attempt to brea! nitrog51 hydrog51 or any o!r gas t does n conta9 oxyg51 ! result w be spe$y suffocation4 ,if1 on ! o!r h&1 we brea! air conta9+ too great a proportion ( oxyg51 ! vital p[]s w spe$ily suff] f excess ( /imulus4 ,! *ief *emical prop]ties ( ! atmosph]e are ow+ to ! pres5ce ( oxyg54 ,nitrog51 :i* con/itutes ab\t f\r fif?s ( its volume1 has be5 suppos$ to act z a m]e dilu5t to ! oxyg54 ,increase ! proportion ( oxyg5 9 ! atmosph]e1 &1 z already /at$1 ! vital p[]s w spe$ily suff] f excess ( /imulus1 ! circulation & respiration become too rapid1 & ! sy/em g5]ally becomes highly excit$4 ,dim9i% ! proportion ( oxyg51 & ! circulation & respiration become too sl[1 weakness & lassitude ensue1 & a s5se ( heav9ess & uneas9ess p]vades ! entire sy/em4 ,z has be5 obs]v$1 air loses dur+ ea* respiration a portion ( its oxyg51 & ga9s an equal quantity ( c>bonic acid1 :i* is an active poison4 ,:5 mix$ ) atmosph]ic air 9 ! ratio ( "o to f\r1 x ext+ui%es animal life4 ,x is ?is gas t is produc$ by burn+ *>coal 9 a conf9$ portion ( common air4 ,its effect ^u ! sy/em is well kn[n to e read] ( our newspap]s4 ,x causes dimness ( sight1 weakness1 dullness1 a difficulty ( brea?+1 & ultimately apoplexy & dea?4#ab #ab ,s9ce ! text 0 prep>$ = ! press1 ,i h notic$ f ! ,syracuse 7,new ,york7 ,j\rnal ( ,janu>y #c;d1 #ahej1 m5tion ( ! dea? ( ,g5]al ,r5ssela] ,van ,r5ssela]1 ( t city1 f brea?+ ! fumes ( *>coal burn$ 9 a portable furnace4 ,?is1 x %\ld be rememb]$1 is b "o ( ! _m in/ances t are con/antly occurr+ all ov] our c\ntry1 9 :i* imm$iate dea? is ! result ( brea?+ ?is de/ructive ag5t4 ,respiration produces ! same effect ^u air t ! burn+ ( *>coal does4 ,x conv]ts its oxyg51 :i* is ! alim5t ( animal life1 into c>bonic acid1 :i*1 be x rememb]$1 is an active poison4 ,says ,dr4 ,turn]1 9 8 celebrat$ "w on *emi/ry1 ,an animal c n live 9 air :i* is unable to support combu/ion4 ,says ! same au?or aga91 ,an animal c n live 9 air :i* conta9s suffici5t c>bonic acid = ext+ui%+ a c&le4 ,x w pres5tly be se5 :y ^! quotations are made4 ,x is /at$ 9 sev]al m$ical works t ! quantity ( air t ent]s ! lungs at ea* inspiration ( an adult v>ies f ?irty-two to =ty cubic in*es4 ,to e/abli% m def9itely "s data ^u :i* a calculation might safely be bas$1 ,i "s ye>s ago conduct$ an exp]im5t :]eby ,i asc]ta9$ ! m$ium quantity ( air t ent]$ ! lungs ( myself & f\r "y m5 0 ?irty-six cubic in*es1 & t respiration is repeat$ once 9 ?ree seconds1 or tw5ty times a m9ute4 ,i also asc]ta9$ t respir$ air w n support combu/ion4 ,?is tru?1 tak5 9 connection ) ! quotations j made1 e/abli%es ano!r & a m important tru?1 viz41 t ,,air ,,once ,,respir$ ,,w ,,n ,,fur!r ,,su/a9 ,,animal ,,life4 ,t "p ( ! exp]im5t by :i* x 0 asc]ta9$ t respir$ air w n support combu/ion is v simple1 & ,i "h give x ) ! hope t x may be tri$ at lea/ 9 e s*ool-h\se1 if n 9 e family ( our wide-spread c\ntry4 ,x 0 conduct$ z foll[s3 ,i introduc$ a light$ tap] into an inv]t$ receiv] 7glass j>7 :i* conta9$ sev5 qu>ts ( atmosph]ic air1 & plac$ ! m\? ( ! receiv] into a vessel ( wat]4 ,! tap] burn$ ) its wont$ brilliancy ab\t a m9ute1 &1 gr[+ dim gradually1 became ext9ct at ! expiration ( ?ree m9utes4 ,i !n fill$ ! receiv] ) wat]1 & inv]t+ x1 plac$ its m\? b5ea? ! surface ( ! same fluid 9 ano!r vessel4 ,i next remov$ ! wat] f ! receiv] by brea?+ into x4 ,?is 0 done by fill+ ! lungs ) air1 :i*1 aft] be+ reta9$ a %ort "t 9 ! *e/1 0 exhal$ ?r\gh a siphon 7a b5t lead tube7 into ! receiv]4 ,i !n introduc$ ! light$ tap] into ! receiv] ( respir$ air1 by :i* x 0 imm$iately ext+ui%$4 ,sev]al p]sons pres5t !n receiv$ a quantity ( respir$ air into _! lungs1 :]eupon ! premonitory symptoms ( apoplexy1 z already giv51 ensu$4 ,! exp]im5t 0 conduct$ ) great c>e1 & sev]al times repeat$ 9 ! pres5ce ( respectable memb]s ( ! m$ical pr(ession1 a pr(essor ( *emi/ry1 & sev]al lit]>y g5tlem51 to _! entire satisfaction4 ,be=e proce$+ fur!r1 ,i w make a practical application ( ! pr9ciples already e/abli%$4 ,)9 ! la/ t5 ye>s ,i h visit$ half ( ! /ates ( ! ,union = ! purpose ( becom+ acqua9t$ ) ! actual condition ( our common s*ools4 ,i h !re=e notic$ especially ! condition ( s*ool-h\ses4 ,al?\gh !re is a great v>iety 9 _! dim5sions1 yet !re are comp>atively few s*ool-h\ses less ?an sixte5 by eighte5 feet on ! gr\nd1 & few] /ill l>g] ?an tw5ty-f\r by ?irty feet1 exclusive ( our pr9cipal cities & villages4 ,f a l>ge numb] ( actual measurem5ts1 n only 9 ,new ,york & ,mi*igan1 b ea/ ( ! ,hudson ,riv] & we/ ( ! great lakes1 ,i conclude t1 exclusive ( entry & closets1 :5 !y are furni%$ ) ^! app5dages1 s*ool-h\ses are n usually l>g] ?an tw5ty by tw5ty-f\r feet on ! gr\nd1 & sev5 feet 9 height4 ,!y are1 inde$1 m frequ5tly small] ?an l>g]4 ,s*ool-h\ses ( ^! dim5sions h a capacity ( #ccfj cubic feet1 & are usually occupi$ by at lea/ =ty-five s*ol>s 9 ! w9t] season4 ,n unfrequ5tly sixty or sev5ty1 & occasionally m ?an a hundr$ s*ol>s occupy a room ( ?is size4 ,a simple ari?metical computation w abundantly satisfy any p]son :o is acqua9t$ ) ! composition ( ! atmosph]e1 ! influ5ce ( respiration ^u its fitness to su/a9 animal life1 & ! quantity ( air t ent]s ! lungs at ea* inspiration1 t a s*ool-room ( ! prec$+ dim5sions conta9s q too little air to su/a9 ! heal?y respiration ( ev5 =ty-five s*ol>s ?ree h\rs--! usual l5g? ( ea* session2 & frequ5tly ! s*ool-h\se is imp]fectly v5tilat$ betwe5 ! sessions at noon1 & sometimes = sev]al days toge!r4 ,m>k ! foll[+ p>ticul>s3 #a4 ,! quantity ( air brea!d by =ty-five p]sons 9 ?ree h\rs1 accord+ to ! data j giv51 is #ccge cubic feet4 #b4 ,air once respir$ w n su/a9 animal life4 #c4 ,! s*ool-room 0 e/imat$ to possess a capacity ( #ccfj cubic feet--fifte5 feet less ?an is necess>y to su/a9 heal?y respiration4 #d4 ,7 =ty-five p]sons ^: lungs possess ! e/imat$ capacity plac$ 9 an air-tight room ( ! prec$+ dim5sions1 & c\ld !y brea! pure air till x 0 all once respir$1 & !n ent] ^u its second respiration1 !y w\ld all die ) ! apoplexy be=e ! expiration ( a ?ree h\rs' session4 ,f ! nature ( ! case1 ^! conditions c n conv5i5tly be fulfill$4 ,b num]\s in/ances ( fe>ful approximation exi/4 ,we h no air-tight h\ses4 ,b 9 our latitude1 com=t requires t rooms :i* are to be occupi$ by *ildr5 9 ! w9t] season1 be made v close4 ,! dim5sions ( rooms are1 moreov]1 frequ5tly n>r[$1 t ! w>m brea? may less5 ! am\nt ( fuel necess>y to pres]ve a com=table temp]ature4 ,x is true1 on ! o!r h&1 t ! quantity ( air :i* *ildr5 brea! is some:at less ?an ,i h e/imat$4 ,b ! d]angem5t result+ f brea?+ impure air1 9 _! case1 is great] ?an 9 ! case ( adults ^: con/itutions are matur$1 & :o are h5ce less susceptible ( injury4 ,x is also true 9 _m s*ools t ! numb] occupy+ a room ( ! dim5sions suppos$ is consid]ably great] ?an ,i h e/imat$4 ,moreov]1 9 _m in/ances1 a great proportion ( ! l>g] s*ol>s w respire ! e/imat$ quantity ( air4 ,aga91 all ! air 9 a room is n respir$ once be=e a portion ( x is brea!d ! second1 or ev5 ! ?ird & f\r? "t4 ,! atmosph]e is n sudd5ly *ang$ f purity to impurity--f a heal?ful to an infecti\s /ate4 ,7 x s1 ! *ange1 be+ m p]ceptible1 w\ld be se5 & felt too1 & a rem$y w\ld be s\ght & appli$4 ,b because ! *ange is gradual1 x is n ! less fe>ful 9 its consequ5ces4 ,9 a room occupi$ by =ty-five p]sons1 ,,! ,,fir/ ,,m9ute1 ?irty-two ?\s& f\r hundr$ cubic in*es ( air imp>t _! entire vitality to su/a9 animal life1 &1 m+l+ ) ! atmosph]e ( ! room1 proportionately det]iorate ! :ole mass4 ,?us are abundantly s[n 9 e>ly life ! fruitful se$s ( disease & premature dea?4 ,?is detail %[s conclusively suffici5t cause = t uneasy1 li/less /ate ( feel+ :i* is s preval5t 9 cr[d$ s*ool-rooms4 ,x expla9s :y *ildr5 t are amiable at home are mis*iev\s 9 s*ool1 & :y ^? t are tr\blesome at home are frequ5tly well-nigh uncontrollable 9 s*ool4 ,x discloses ! true cause :y s _m tea*]s :o are ju/ly consid]$ bo? pleasant & amiable 9 ! ord9>y dome/ic & social relations1 are obnoxi\s 9 ! s*ool-room1 be+ !re habitually s\r & fretful4 ,! ev]-active *ildr5 are disqualifi$ = /udy1 & engage 9 mis*ief z _! only alt]native4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ! irritable tea*]1 :o c h>dly look ) complaisance ^u good behavior1 is dispos$ to magnify ! mo/ trifl+ dep>ture f ! rules ( propriety4 ,! s*ol>s are cont9ually becom+ m ungov]nable1 & ! tea*] m unfit to gov]n !m4 ,week aft] week !y become less & less atta*$ to him1 & he1 9 turn1 becomes less int]e/$ 9 !m4 ,?is detail expla9s1 also1 :y s _m *ildr5 are unable to att5d s*ool at all1 or become unwell s soon aft] comm5c+ to att5d1 :5 _! heal? is suffici5t to engage 9 o!r pursuits4 ,! numb] ( s*ol>s answ]+ ?is description is great] ?an mo/ p]sons are aw>e (4 ,9 "o di/rict t ,i visit$ a few ye>s ago 9 ! ,/ate ( ,new ,york1 x 0 ackn[l$g$ by compet5t judges to be emphatically true 9 ! case ( n less ?an tw5ty-five s*ol>s4 ,inde$1 9 t same di/rict1 ! heal? ( m ?an "o hundr$ s*ol>s 0 mat]ially injur$ e ye> 9 consequ5ce ( occupy+ an old & p>tially-decay$ h\se1 ( too n>r[ dim5sions1 ) v limit$ facilities = v5tilation4 ,! evil1 ev5 aft] ! cause 0 made kn[n1 0 suff]$ to exi/ = ye>s1 al?\gh ! di/rict 0 wor? m ?an ?ree hundr$ ?\s& doll>s4 ,& :at 0 true#ac ( ?is s*ool1 is n[1 ) a few v>iations1 true 9 ! case ( scores1 if n hundr$s ( s*ools ) :i* ,i am acqua9t$1 f f>-fam$ ,new ,engl& to ! ,valley ( ! ,mississippi4 #ac ,9 ! di/rict ref]r$ to !re has s9ce be5 erect$ a l>ge & commodi\s union s*ool h\se1 :i* con/itutes at once ! pride & ornam5t ( a beautiful & fl\ri%+ village4 ,?is detail likewise expla9s :y ! bus9ess ( tea*+ has acquir$1 & ju/ly too1 ! reputation ( be+ unheal?y4 ,!re is1 h[ev]1 no reason :y ! heal? ( ei!r tea*] or pupils %\ld soon] fail 9 a well-regulat$ s*ool1 taught 9 a h\se prop]ly con/ruct$1 & suitably w>m$ & v5tilat$1 ?an 9 almo/ any o!r bus9ess4 ,if ?is /atem5t 7 n true1 an unansw]able argum5t might be fram$ aga9/ ! v exi/5ce ( s*ools2 & x might cle>ly be %[n t x is policy1 nay1 ,,duty1 to close at once & =ev] ! f\r ?\s& s*ool-h\ses ( ,mi*igan1 & ! hundr$ ?\s& ( ! nation1 & leave ! ris+ g5]ation to p]i% = lack ( k4 ,b our condition 9 ?is respect is n hopeless4 ,! evil 9 "q may be effectually rem$i$ by enl>g+ ! h\se1 or1 :i* is easi]1 *eap]1 & m effectual1 by frequ5t & ?or\gh v5tilation4 ,x w\ld be well1 h[ev]1 to unite ! two me?ods4 ,9 ! w9t] ( #ahda-b1 ,i visit$ a s*ool 9 :i* ! magnitude ( ! evil "u consid]ation 0 cle>ly develop$4 ,five ( ! citiz5s ( ! di/rict att5d$ me 9 my visit to ! s*ool4 ,we arriv$ at ! s*ool-h\se ab\t ! middle ( ! aft]noon4 ,x 0 a close1 new h\se1 eighte5 by tw5ty-f\r feet on ! gr\nd--two feet less 9 "o ( its dim5sions ?an ! h\se conc]n+ :i* ! prec$+ calculation is made4 ,!re 7 pres5t =ty-?ree s*ol>s1 ! tea*]1 five patrons1 & myself1 mak+ fifty 9 all4 ,imm$iately aft] ent]+ ! s*ool-h\se1 "o ( ! tru/ees rem>k$ to me1 ,i believe our s*ool-h\se is too tight to be heal?y4 ,i made no reply1 b secretly resolv$ t ,i w\ld sacrifice my com=t = ! rema9d] ( ! aft]noon1 & haz>d my heal?1 & my life ev51 to te/ ! accuracy ( ! op9ions ,i _h ent]ta9$ on ?is important subject4 ,i m>k$ ! uneas9ess & dullness ( all pres5t1 & especially ( ! patrons1 :o _h be5 accu/om$ to brea! a pur] atmosph]e4 ,s*ool cont9u$ an h\r & a half1 at ! close ( :i* ,i 0 invit$ to make "s rem>ks4 ,i arose to d s1 b 0 unable to proce$ till ,i op5$ ! out] door1 & snuff$ a few times ! pur] air )\t4 ,:5 ,i _h p>tially recov]$ my wont$ vigor1 ,i obs]v$ ) delight ! r5ovat+ influ5ce ( ! curr5t ( air t ent]$ ! door1 m+l+ ) & gradually displac+ ! fluid poison t fill$ ! room1 & 0 ab\t to d ! "w ( dea?4 ,x seem$ z ?\gh ,i 0 /&+ at ! m\? ( a huge sepul*]1 9 :i* ! dead 7 be+ re/or$ to life4 ,aft] a %ort pause1 ,i proce$$ ) a few rem>ks1 *iefly1 h[ev]1 on ! subject ( respiration & v5tilation4 ,! tru/ees1 :o _h j te/$ _! accuracy & be>+ ^u _! com=t & heal?1 resolv$ imm$iately to provide = v5tilation accord+ to ! sugge/ions 9 ! article on s*ool-h\ses 9 ! la/ *apt] ( ?is "w4 ,be=e leav+ ! h\se on t occasion1 ,i 0 in=m$ an ev5+ meet+ _h be5 att5d$ !re ! prec$+ week1 :i* !y 7 oblig$ to dismiss be=e ! ord9>y ex]cises 7 conclud$1 because1 z !y said1 ,we all got sick1 & ! c&les w5t almo/ out4 ,little did !y realize1 probably1 t ! light ( life became j z ne>ly ext9ct z did ! c&les4 ,_h !y rema9$ !re a little long]1 bo? w\ld h gone out toge!r1 & !re w\ld h be5 react$ ! memorable trag$y ( ! ,black ,hole 9 ,calcutta1 into :i* 7 ?ru/ a g>rison ( "o hundr$ & =ty-six p]sons1 "o hundr$ & tw5ty-?ree ( :om p]i%$ mis]ably 9 a few h\rs1 be+ suffocat$ by ! conf9$ air4 ,:at has be5 said 9 ! prec$+ pages on ! philosophy ( respiration 0 fir/ giv5 to ! public ne>ly t5 ye>s ago1 9 a report ( ! au?or's 9 ! ,/ate ( ,new ,york4 ,he has s9ce se5 ! same s5tim5ts inculcat$ by _m ( our mo/ em95t practical educators1 "s ( :om _h writt5 ^u ! subject at an e>li] date4 ,all5 & ,pepy %[$ by exp]im5t t air :i* has be5 once brea!d conta9s eight & a half p] c5t4 ( c>bonic acid1 & t no cont9uance ( ! respiration ( ! same air c\ld make x take up m ?an t5 p] c5t4 ,air1 !n1 :5 once respir$1 has tak5 up m ?an f\r fif?s ( ! am\nt ( ?is noxi\s gas t x c be made to by any numb] ( brea?+s4 ,dr4 ,cl>k1 9 8 "w on ,consumption1 rem>ks z foll[s3 ,7 ,i to select two circum/ances :i* influ5ce ! heal?1 especially dur+ ! gr[? ( ! body1 m ?an o!rs1 & conc]n+ :i* ! public1 ignorant at pres5t1 ought to be well in=m$1 !y w\ld be ! prop] adaptation ( food to diff]5ce ( age & con/itution1 & ! con/ant supply ( pure air = respiration4 ,dr4 ,william ,a4 ,alcott1 :o has giv5 especial att5tion to ?is subject1 aft] quot+ ! prec$+ rem>k ( ,dr4 ,cl>k1 adds3 ,we believe ?is is ! op9ion ( all m$ical m5 :o h /udi$ ! con/itution ( man1 & its relation to outw>d objects4 ,a di/+ui%$ surgeon#ad ( ,le$s1 ,engl&1 goes some:at fur!r 9 prais+ pure air ?an mo/ ( 8 contempor>ies4 ,be x rememb]$1 says he1 t man subsi/s m ^u air ?an ^u 8 food & dr9k4 ,!re is "s novelty 9 ?is rem>k1 ,i admit3 b is x n tru?ful8 ,m5 h be5 kn[n to live ?ree weeks )\t eat+4 ,b exclude ! atmosph]ic air f ! lungs = ! space ( ?ree m9utes1 & dea? g5]ally ensues4 ,we ?us see t life w cont9ue ) ab/95ce f food ?ree ?\s& times z long z x is safe to protract an atmosph]ic fa/4 #ad ,dr4 ,?ackrah1 au?or ( a mo/ valuable "w on ! ,effects ( ,employm5ts on ! ,heal? & ,longevity ( ,mank9d4 ,let u take ano!r view ( ! subject4 ,m5 usually eat ?ree times 9 tw5ty-f\r h\rs4 ,?is is all t is necess>y to1 or compatible )1 ! enjoym5t ( un9t]rupt$ good heal?4 ,b we involunt>ily brea! ne>ly ?irty ?\s& times 9 ! same l5g? ( "t4 ,we ne$1 !n1 fre% supplies ( pure air t5 ?\s& times z (t5 z x is necess>y to p>take ( meals4 ,is x n app>5t1 !n1 t man subsi/s m ^u ,,air ?an ^u 8 ,,food & ,,dr9k8 ,! atmosph]e :i* we s frequ5tly inhale1 & ^u :i* our well-be+ s mu* dep5ds1 surr\nds ! e>? to ! height ( ab\t =ty-five miles4 ,! surface ( ! e>? conta9s ab\t two hundr$ millions ( squ>e miles1 & x is e/imat$ t !re dwell ^u x eight hundr$ millions ( inhabitants4 ,?is gives to ea* individual ab\t elev5 cubic miles ( air4 ,b ! air is brea!d by ! inf]ior animals z well z by man4 ,x is also r5d]$ impure by combu/ion4 ,if by bo? ( ^! causes t5 times z mu* air is consum$ z by man1 !re is /ill left "o cubic mile ( uncontam9at$ atmosph]ic air to e human be+ dwell+ ^u ! surface ( ! e>?4 ,?is w\ld all[ him to live m ?an twice ! age allott$ to man1 )\t brea?+ any portion ( ! atmosph]e a second "t4 ,& /ill1 z if to avoid ! possibility ( evil to man on ?is acc\nt1 ! b5efic5t ,creator has wisely s ord]$1 t :ile we d n int]f]e ) ! laws ( ,nature1 !re is n ev5 ! possibility ( rebrea?+ respir$ air until x has be5 purifi$ & re/or$ to its natural & heal?ful /ate2 = c>bonic acid1 ! vitiat+ product ( respiration1 al?\gh imm$iately fatal to animals1 con/itutes ! v life ( vegetation4 ,:5 br\ght 9 contact ) ! upp] surface ( ! gre5 leaves ( trees & plants1 & act$ ^u by ! direct sol> rays1 ?is gas is decompos$1 & its c>bon is absorb$ to su/a91 9 "p1 ! life ( ! plant1 by af=d+ x "o elem5t ( its food1 :ile ! oxyg5 is lib]at$ & re/or$ to ! atmosph]e4 ,vegetables & animals are ?us p]petually int]*ang+ k9dly (fices1 & ea* fl\ri%es ^u t :i* is fatal to ! o!r4 ,x is 9 ?is way t ! heal?ful /ate ( ! atmosph]e is kept up4 ,its equilibrium seems nev] to be di/urb$1 or1 if di/urb$ at all1 x is imm$iately re/or$ by ! mutual ex*ange ( poison = alim5t1 :i* is con/antly go+ on betwe5 ! animal & vegetable worlds4 ,?is int]*ange ( k9dly (fices is con/antly go+ on all ov] ! e>?1 ev5 9 ! highe/ latitudes1 & 9 ! v dep?s ( w9t]2 = air :i* has be5 respir$ is r>efi$1 &1 :5 ?r[n f ! lungs1 asc5ds1 & is ?us n only out ( our rea*1 :]eby we are protect$ f respir+ x a second "t1 b ?is 7to u7 deadly poison falls into ! great a]ial curr5t :i* is con/antly fl[+ f ! pol> to ! tropical regions1 :]e x is conv]t$ into vegetable gr[?4 ,! oxyg5 :i* is exhal$ 9 ! processes ( tropical vegetation1 heat$ & r>efi$ by ! v]tical rays ( ! sun1 m\nts to ! upp] regions ( ! atmosph]e1 &1 fall+ into a return+ curr5t1 9 its appo9t$ "t revisits ! high] latitudes4 ,s wisely has ! ,div9e ,au?or ord]$ ^! processes1 t air1 9 its natural /ate#ae 9 any "p ( ! _w1 does n conta9 m ?an "o half ( "o p] c5t4 ( c>bonic acid gas1 al?\gh1 z already /at$1 air :i* has be5 once respir$ conta9s eight & a half p] c5t4 ( ?is gas1 :i* is at lea/ sev5te5 times its natural quantity4 #ae ,x w\ld be difficult to say :e!r c>bonic acid gas is 9 ! atmosph]e con/itutionally1 or accid5tally1 or bo?4--,dr4 ,wm4 ,a4 ,alcott's ,heal? ,tracts4 ,!re are o!r ag5cies ?an c>bonic acid gas :i* 9 civic life r5d] ! atmosph]e impure4 ,( ?is nature is c>buret$ hydrog5 gas1 :i* is produc$ 9 v>i\s ways4 ,?is1 says ,dr4 ,com/ock1 is imm$iately de/ructive to animal life1 & w n support combu/ion4 ,x exi/s 9 /agnant wat]1 especially 9 w>m wea!r1 & is g5]at$ by ! decomposition ( vegetable products4 ,dr4 ,arnott expresses ! conviction t ! imm$iate & *ief cause ( _m ( ! diseases :i* impair ! bodily & m5tal heal? ( ! p1 & br+ a consid]able portion prematurely to ! grave1 is ! poison ( atmosph]ic impurity1 aris+ f ! accumulation 9 & ar\nd _! dwell+s ( ! decompos+ remnants ( ! sub/ances us$ = food & 9 _! arts1 & ( ! impurities giv5 out f _! own bodies4 ,if y all[ ! s\rces ( a]ial impurity to exi/ 9 or ar\nd dwell+s1 he cont9ues1 y are poison+ ! p2 & :ile _m die at e>ly ages ( fev]s & o!r acute diseases1 ! rema9d] w h _! heal? impair$ & _! lives %ort5$4 ,!re are _m in/ances on record :]e ! progress ( an epidemic has be5 spe$ily arre/$ by v5tilation4 ,a /rik+ in/ance is giv5 by ! writ] la/ quot$4 ,:5 ,i visit$ ,glasg[ ) ,mr4 ,*adwick1 says he1 !re 0 describ$ to u "o va/ lodg+-h\se1 9 connection ) a manufactory !re1 9 :i* =m]ly fev] con/antly prevail$1 b :]e1 by mak+ an op5+ f ! top ( ea* room ?r\gh a *annel ( communication to an air-pump common to all ! *annels1 ! disease _h disappe>$ altoge!r4 ,! supply ( pure air obta9$ by t mode ( v5tilation 0 suffici5t to dilute ! cause ( ! disease1 s t x became p[]less4 ,sulphuret$ hydrog5 gas is also exce$+ly poison\s to ! lungs & to e "p ( ! sy/em4 ,:5 pure1 ?is gas is describ$ z in/antly fatal to animal life4 ,ev5 :5 dilut$ ) fifte5 hundr$ times its bulk ( air1 x has be5 f\nd s poison\s z to de/roy a bird 9 a few seconds4 ,?is gas1 says ,dr4 ,dunglison1 9 8 ,elem5ts ( ,hygi5e1 is extremely delet]i\s4#af ,:5 respir$ 9 a pure /ate x kills in/antly2 & its deadly ag5cy is rapidly ex]t$ :5 put 9 contact ) any ( ! tissues ( ! body1 ?r\gh :i* x p5etrates ) a/oni%+ rapidity4 ,ev5 :5 mix$ ) a portion ( air1 x has prov$ imm$iately de/ructive4 ,dr4 ,p>is ref]s to ! case ( a *emi/ ( 8 acqua9tance1 :o 0 sudd5ly depriv$ ( s5se z he /ood ov] a pneumatic tr\gh 9 :i* he 0 collect+ ?is gas4 ,f ! exp]im5ts ( ,dupuytr5 & ,!n>d1 air t conta9s a ?\s&? "p ( sulphuret$ hydrog5 kills birds imm$iately4 ,a dog p]i%$ 9 air conta9+ a hundr$? "p1 & a horse 9 air conta9+ a fiftie? "p ( x4 #af ,sulphuret$ hydrog5 gas is ! delet]i\s ag5t exhal$ f privies or vaults1 :i* h be5 s fatal1 at times1 to night m51 :o h be5 employ$ to remove or cleanse !m4--,dr4 ,dunglison4 ,! prec$+ are f> f be+ all ! causes ( atmosph]ic impurity4 ,besides ^!1 !re are num]\s exhalations1 z well z gases1 t are poison\s4 ,"s ( ^! exhalations are m abundant 9 ! night1 & ab\t ! "t ( ! morn+ & ev5+ twilight4 ,h5ce ! importance1 says a writ] on heal?1 to ^? :o are feeble1 ( avoid+ ! air at all h\rs except :5 ! sun is consid]ably above ! horizon4 ,al?\gh ! atmosph]e1 9 its natural /ate1 is n at all times p]fectly pure1 /ill x is comp>atively s1 & especially 9 ! daytime4 ,all1 !re=e1 :o w\ld reta9 & improve _! heal?1 %\ld inhale ! op5 air z mu* z possible1 ev5 ?\gh !y c n1 l ,frankl9's ,me?usalem1#ag be always 9 x4 ,?is rem>k is applicable to bo? sexes1 & to e age & condition ( life4 #ag ,dr4 ,frankl91 9 8 usual humor\s mann]1 b ) 8 accu/om$ gravity1 relates1 9 "o ( 8 essays1 ! foll[+ anecdote1 = ! purpose1 d\btless1 ( %[+ ! influ5ce ( pure air ^u heal?1 happ9ess1 & longevity4 ,x is record$ ( ,me?usalem1 :o1 be+ ! longe/ liv]1 may be suppos$ to h be/ pres]v$ 8 heal?1 t he slept always 9 ! op5 air2 = :5 he _h liv$ five hundr$ ye>s1 an angel said to him1 ,arise1 ,me?usalem1 & build !e a h\se1 = ?\ %alt live yet five hundr$ ye>s long]4 ,b ,me?usalem answ]$ & said1 ,if ,i am to live b five hundr$ ye>s long]1 x is n wor? :ile to build me a h\se4 ,i w sleep 9 ! air z ,i h be5 accu/om$ to d4 ,! foll[+1 f ! p5 ( an ,am]ican au?or#ah :o has writt5 mu* & well on physical education1 is p]t95t to ! subject "u consid]ation3 ,we brea! bad air pr9cipally z ! production ( our own bodies4 ,"h is ! s\rce ( a l>ge %>e ( human wo2 & to ?is po9t mu/ 8 att5tion be p>ticul>ly direct$ :o w\ld save himself f disease1 & promote1 9 ! highe/ possible degree1 8 heal? & longevity4 ,we mu/ avoid brea?+ ov] ! c>bonic acid gas conta9$ 9 ! tight or unv5tilat$ rooms 9 :i* we labor or rema9 = a long "t1 :e!r p>lors1 s*ool-rooms1 c\nt+-rooms1 b$-rooms1 %ops1 or factories4 ,! individual :o lives mo/ accord+ to nature--:o obs]ves ) mo/ c>e ! laws ( life & heal?--mu/ necess>ily ?r[ (f mu* c>bonic acid f 8 lungs1 if n f 8 sk94 ,x does n foll[1 h[ev]1 t because ?is gas is =m$ we are oblig$ to inhale x4 ,we may *ange our position1 *ange our clo?+1 v5tilate our rooms ( all sorts1 %ake up our b$-clo?+ (t5 & air our b$1 & use clean1 loose1 & por\s clo?+ by night & by day4 ,we may ?us v effectually gu>d aga9/ injuries f a v injuri\s ag5t4 #ah ,f ,dr4 ,william ,a4 ,alcott's ,tract on ,brea?+ ,bad ,air4 ,"o ?+ %\ld be rememb]$ 9 connection ) ?is subject :i* is truly enc\rag+4 ,! m we accu/om ourselves to pure air1 ! m easily w our lungs & nasal organs detect its pres5ce4 ,he :o has r$eem$ 8 s5ses & re/or$ 8 lungs to integrity1 l him :o has r$eem$ a consci5ce once dead5$1 is s alive to e bad impression made ^u any ( ^!1 t he c (t5 detect impurity ar\nd or )9 him1 & ?us le>n to avoid x4 ,x w sc>cely be possible = su* a p]son long to brea! bad air1 or nause\s or un:olesome effluvia1 )\t kn[+ x1 & le>n+ to avoid ! causes :i* produce x4 ,su* a p]son w n neglect long to remove ! impurities :i* accumulate s readily on ! surface ( 8 body1 or suff] himself to use food or dr9k :i* induces flatul5ce1 & ?us exposes ei!r 8 inte/9es or 8 lungs1 or ! lungs ( o!rs1 to t mo/ extremely poison\s ag5t1 sulphuret$ hydrog5 gas4 ,nor w he be likely to p]mit ! accumulation ( fil?1 liquid or solid1 ar\nd or 9 8 dwell+4 ,!re are ^? ^: s5ses w detect a v small quantity ( /agnant wat]1 or v9eg>1 or o!r liquids1 or fruit1 or *ang$ food 9 ! h\se1 or ev5 ! pres5ce ( ^? semi-putrid sub/ances1 w9e & cid]4 ,b "s w inde$ say t su* integrity ( ! s5ses w\ld be an annoyance r ?an a bless+4 ,on ! same pr9ciple1 h[ev]1 w\ld a high degree ( consci5ti\sness 9 reg>d to "r & wrong 9 moral conduct be a curse to u4 ,if x be desirable to h our physical s5se ( "r & wrong b5umb$1 x is s to h our moral s5se b5umb$ also4 ,yet :at p]son ( s5se ev] compla9$ ( too t5d] a consci5ce1 or too p]fect a s5se ( "r & wrong 9 morals8 ,,ex]cise ,,( ,,! ,,lungs4--,judici\s ex]cise ( ! lungs1 9 ! op9ion ( t em95t physiologi/1 ,dr4 ,&rew ,combe1 is "o ( ! mo/ efficaci\s means :i* c be employ$ = promot+ _! developm5t & w>d+ (f _! diseases4 ,9 ?is respect ! organs ( respiration closely resemble ! muscles & all o!r organiz$ p>ts4 ,!y are made to be us$1 & if !y are left 9 habitual inactivity1 _! /r5g? & heal? are unavoidably impair$2 :ile1 if _! ex]cise be ill-tim$ or excessive1 disease w z c]ta9ly foll[4 ,! lungs may be ex]cis$ directly by ! use ( ! voice 9 speak+1 read+ al\d1 or s++1 & indirectly by su* k9ds ( bodily or muscul> ex]tion z require quick] & deep] brea?+4 ,9 g5]al1 bo? ought to be conjo9$4 ,b :]e ! *ief object is to improve ! lungs1 ^? k9ds :i* h a t5d5cy to exp& ! *e/ & call ! organs ( respiration into play ought to be especially pref]r$4 ,r[+ a boat1 f5c+1 quoits1 %uttlecock1 ! prop] use ( skipp+ ! rope1 dumb-bells1 & gymna/ics are ( ?is description1 & h be5 recomm5d$ = ?is purpose4 ,all ( !m employ actively ! muscles ( ! *e/ & trunk1 & excite ! lungs !mselves to fre] & full] expansion4 ,climb+ up a hill is1 = ! same reason1 an ex]cise ( high utility 9 giv+ tone & fre$om to ! pulmon>y functions4 ,:]e1 ei!r f h]$it>y pr$isposition or accid5tal causes1 ! *e/ is unusually weak1 e ef=t %\ld be made1 f infancy upw>d1 to favor ! gr[? & /r5g? ( ! lungs1 by ! habitual use ( su* ( ^! ex]cises z c mo/ easily be practic$4 ,! e>li] !y are resort$ to1 & ! m /eadily !y are pursu$1 ! m c]ta9ly w _! b5eficial results be exp]i5c$4 ,if ! direct ex]cise ( ! lungs 9 practic+ deep inspiration1 speak+1 read+ al\d1 & s++1 is prop]ly manag$ & p]sev]$ 91 p>ticul>ly be=e ! frame has become consolidat$1 x w ex]t a v b5eficial influ5ce 9 exp&+ ! *e/1 & giv+ tone & imp>t+ heal? to ! important organs conta9$ 9 x4 ,z a prev5tive measure1 ,dr4 ,cl>k1 9 8 treatise on ,consumption & ,scr(ula1 recomm5ds ! full expansion ( ! *e/ 9 ! foll[+ mann]3 ,we desire ! "y p]son1 :ile /&+1 to ?r[ 8 arms & %\ld]s back1 &1 :ile 9 ?is position1 to inhale sl[ly z mu* air z he c1 & repeat ?is ex]cise at %ort int]vals sev]al times 9 succession4 ,:5 ?is c be done 9 ! op5 air x is mo/ desirable1 a d\ble advantage be+ ?us obta9$ f ! practice4 ,"s ex]cise ( ?is k9d %\ld be adopt$ daily by all "y p]sons1 m especially by ^? ^: *e/s are n>r[ or de=m$1 & %\ld be sl[ly & gradually increas$4 ,9 ?is prev5tive measure recomm5d$ by ,dr4 ,cl>k1 "s ( our mo/ em95t physiologi/s he>tily concur4 ,!y also express ! op9ion t1 = ! same reason1 ev5 ! cry+ & sobb+ ( *ildr51 :5 n caus$ by disease1 contribute to _! future heal?4 ,dr4 ,combe says1 ,! l\d laugh & noisy exclamations att5d+ ! sports ( ! "y h an evid5t relation to ! same b5eficial end1 & ought1 !re=e1 to be enc\rag$4 ,b b5eficial z ! direct ex]cise ( ! lungs is ?us %[n to be1 9 exp&+ & /r5g!n+ ! *e/1 its influ5ce ext5ds /ill fur!r1 &1 z we h already se51 contributes greatly to promote ! important process ( dige/ion4 ,if1 !re=e1 ! lungs be r>ely call$ into active ex]cise1 n only d !y suff]1 b an important aid to dige/ion be+ )drawn1 ! /oma* & b[els also become weak5$1 & indige/ion & co/iv5ess ensue4 ,! ex]cise ( :at has n unaptly be5 call$ ,vocal ,gymna/ics1 & ! l\d & di/9ct speak+ en=c$ 9 _m ( our s*ools1 n only =tify ! vocal organs aga9/ ! attacks ( disease1 b t5d greatly to promote ! g5]al heal?4 ,= ?is purpose1 also1 z well z = its social & moral influ5ces1 vocal music %\ld be introduc$ into all our s*ools4 ,t by ^! & l ex]cises deep inspirations & full expirations are enc\rag$1 any "o may become conv9c$ :o w att5d to :at passes 9 8 own body :ile read+ al\d a s+le p>agraph4 ,!re is dang] ( ex]cis+ ! lungs too mu* :5 disease exi/s 9 ! *e/4 ,at su* times1 n only speak+1 read+ al\d1 & s++1 b ord9>y muscul> ex]tion1 ought to be refra9$ f1 or be regulat$ by pr(essional advice4 ,:5 a jo9t is sore or inflam$1 we "k t motion imp$es its recov]y4 ,:5 ! eye is affect$1 we1 = a simil> reason1 %ut out ! light4 ,s1 :5 ! /oma* is disord]$1 we respect its condition1 & are m c>eful ab\t diet4 ,! lungs dem& a treatm5t f\nd$ on ! same g5]al pr9ciple4 ,:5 inflam$1 !y %\ld be ex]cis$ z little z possible4 ,all viol5t ex]cise ought1 !re=e1 to be refra9$ f dur+ at lea/ ! active /ages ( a cold2 b colds may (t5 be entirely prev5t$ at ! "t ( exposure by a prop] ex]cise ( ! lungs4 ,9 conv]s+ ) an em95t physician rec5tly on ?is subject1 he express$ ! conviction t "o ( ! mo/ effectual me?ods ( w>d+ (f a cold1 :5 expos$ by wet feet or o!rwise1 is to take frequ5t deep inhalations ( air4 ,by ?is means ! c>bonic acid1 :i* ! return+ circulation deposits 9 ! lungs1 is n only m effectually dis5gag$1 b1 at ! same "t1 ! great] am\nt ( oxyg5 t ent]s ! lungs & comb9es ) ! blood quick5s ! circulation1 & ?us1 imp>t+ increas$ vitality to ! sy/em1 enables x m effectually to resi/ any attack t may be induc$ by unusual exposure4 ,a late m$ical writ]1 :o has become q celebrat$ 9 ?is c\ntry = ! successful treatm5t ( pulmon>y consumption1#ai expresses ! op9ion t1 to ! consumptive1 air is a mo/ excell5t m$ic9e1 & f> m valuable ?an all o!r rem$ies4 ,he ?9ks x ! gr& ag5t 9 exp&+ ! *e/4 ,9 urg+ ! importance ( habitually ma9ta9+ an erect position1 he expresses ! conviction t practice w soon make sitt+ or /&+ p]fectly erect va/ly m agreeable & less fatigu+ ?an a /oop+ po/ure4 ,to p]sons pr$ispos$ to consumption1 ^! h9ts1 he ?9ks1 are ( ! greate/ importance4 ,:ile walk+1 he says1 ! *e/ %\ld be c>ri$ pr\dly erect & /raight1 ! top ( x po9t+ r backw>d ?an =w>d4 ,to illu/rate ! advantages ( habitually ma9ta9+ ?is position1 he ref]s to ! ,nor? ,am]ican ,indians1 :o nev] _h consumption1 & :o are rem>kable = _! p]fectly erect po/ure :ile walk+4 ,next to ?is1 he adds1 x is ( va/ importance to ! consumptive to brea! well4 ,he %\ld make a practice ( tak+ long brea?s1 suck+ 9 all ! air he c1 & hold+ x 9 ! *e/ z long z possible4 ,he recomm5ds ! repetition ( ?is a hundr$ times a day1 & especially ) ^? :o h a slight cold or symptoms ( weak lungs4 ,:5 practic$ 9 pure cold air1 its advantages are mo/ app>5t4 ,to increase ! b5efits result+ f ?is practice1 he recomm5ds ! use ( ! inhal+ tube4 ,he ?9ks t inhal+ tubes made ( silv] or gold are mu* bett] ?an ^? made ( wood or ,india-rubb]4 ,9 ?is op9ion ,i fully concur1 = ,i ?9k ) him t gold & silv] tubes w n s readily contract any impure or poison\s matt]4 ,b !re is ano!r & a /rong] reason :y ,i pref] silv]1 & especially ,,gold inhal+ tubes1 to ^? made ( wood or ,india-rubb]4 ,!y w\ld be m highly priz$ & ,,m ,,frequ5tly ,,us$4 #ai ,s4 ,s4 ,fit*1 ,m4,d41 au?or ( ,consumption ,cur$4 ,! same writ] ent]ta9s ! belief t ab\t "o ?ird ( all ! consumptions orig9ate f weakness ( ! abdom9al belts4 ,he h5ce1 9 su* cases1 recomm5ds ! use ( ! abdom9al support]4 ,9 ord] to favor an erect po/ure & an op5 *e/1 he also recomm5ds ! use ( %\ld]-braces4 ,he says ! prop] use ( ^!1 ) o!r rem$ies1 w entirely prev5t ! possibility ( consumption1 f :atev] cause4 ,! inhal+-tube1 toge!r ) ! %\ld]-braces & support] :5 ne$$1 he says are p]fect prev5tives1 & %\ld n be neglect$2 = if ! %\ld]s are kept (f ! *e/1 & ! abdom5 is well support$1 & !n an inhal+ tube is fai?fully us$1 ! lungs c nev] become diseas$4 ,any p]son 9 ?is way1 :o *ooses to take ! tr\ble1 c h a l>ge *e/ & heal?y lungs4 ,:5 p]sons h contract$ disease !y may require ^! artificial helps2 b x %\ld be borne 9 m9d t an all-wise & b5efic5t ,creator has k9dly giv5 to ea* ( 8 creatures two inhal+ tubes1 admirably adapt$ to _! wants4 ,he has also furni%$ !m ) a set ( abdom9al muscles :i*1 :5 prop]ly us$1 h g5]ally be5 f\nd to sup]s$e ! necessity ( artificial support]s4 ,he has1 moreov]1 9 ! pl5itude ( 8 goodness1 furni%$ ea* memb] ( ! human family ) a good pair ( %\ld]-braces4 ,x %\ld also be borne 9 m9d t ,nature's %\ld]-braces improve by use1 :ile ! artificial ones n only soon fail1 b _! v use g5]ally impairs ! heal?y action ( ! natural ones2 = ^!1 l all o!r muscles1 improve by use & become enfeebl$ by disuse4 ,p>5ts & tea*]s1 !n1 & all :o h ! c>e ( ! "y1 %\ld enc\rage ! correct use ( ,nature's inhal+ tubes1 %\ld]-braces1 & abdom9al support]s2 = 9 ?is way !y h x 9 _! p[] n only to sup]s$e ! necessity ( resort+ to artificial ones lat] 9 life1 b ( prev5t+ mu* ( human mis]y1 & contribut+ to ! p]man5t elevation ( ! race4 ,,*apt] ,v4 ,,! ,,nature ,,( ,,intellectual ,,& ,,moral ,,education4 ,9 ! cultivation & expansion ( ! faculties ( ! m9d1 we act altoge!r ^u organiz$ matt]--& ?is1 too1 ( ! mo/ delicate k9d--:i*1 :ile x s]ves z ! m$iator betwe5 body & _s1 p>takes s l>gely ( ! nature1 "*1 & ess5tial attributes ( ! =m]1 t1 )\t its prop] physical gr[? & developm5t1 all ! manife/ations ( ! latt] s9k into comp>ative insignificance2 s t1 )\t a p]fect organization ( ! bra91 ! m5tal p[]s mu/ be proportionally p>alyz$2 )\t its ma9ta9+ a heal?y condition1 !y mu/ be r5d]$ proportionally weak & inactive4#bj--;,,dr4 ,j4 ,l4 ,,peirce4 ,x has already be5 /at$ t !re exi/s su* an intimate connection betwe5 physical1 intellectual1 & moral education1 t1 9 ord] duly to appreciate ! importance ( ei!r1 we mu/ n view x sep>ate & alone m]ely1 b 9 connection ) bo? ( ! o!rs4 ,h[ev] mu* value1 !n1 we may atta* to physical education on its own acc\nt1 consid]+ man z a corporeal be+1 we %all h occasion greatly to magnify its importance z we direct our att5tion to ! cultivation & developm5t ( 8 m5tal faculties4 ,we h no means ( becom+ acqua9t$ ) ! laws :i* gov]n indep5d5t m9d2 b t m9d sep>ate f body is1 f its v nature1 all-kn[+ & intellig5t1 is an op9ion t has obta9$ to a consid]able ext5t4 ,be ?is z x may1 x does n imm$iately conc]n u 9 ! pres5t /ate4 ,?is mu* we "k1 t embodi$ m9d acquires k sl[ly1 & ) a degree ( p]fection dep5d+ ^u ! condition ( ! bra9 & ! bodily organs ( s5se1 ?r\gh ! m$ium ( :i* m9d communicates ) ! ext]nal _w4 ,we d n ev5 "k :e!r education modifies ! m9d itself2 &1 if at all1 h[ x affects x 9 its disembodi$ /ate4 ,nei!r is x important t we %\ld possess ?is k4 ,!re is1 h[ev]1 mu* reason = believ+ t ! m9d ( man 9 ! future /ate w be p]man5tly affect$ by1 & enjoy ! full b5efit (1 ! prep>atory tra9+ x has receiv$ 9 ?is life2 t !n1 z n[1 x w be progressive 9 its atta9m5ts2 & t ! rapidity ) :i* x w !n acquire k1 & ! nature ( its pursuits1 w dep5d ^u ! degree ( cultivation1 & ! habits & "* =m$ 9 ?is life4 #bj ,f an ,essay ^u ! ,physical & ,intellectual ,education ( ,*ildr51 writt5 by reque/ ( ! ,manag]s ( ! ,p5nsylvania ,lyceum4 ,f :at we "k ( ! b5efic5t & all-wise ,creator1 z manife/$ 9 8 ^w & works1 we h abundant reason = believ+ t our highe/ & endur+ good w be be/ promot$ by becom+ acqua9t$ )1 & yield+ a *e]ful ob$i5ce to1 ! laws ( organic m9d4 ,:atev] ! effect ( education ^u indep5d5t m9d may be1 we may re/ well assur$ t man's ev]la/+ well-be+ 9 ! future /ate w be mo/ directly & c]ta9ly rea*$ by a /rict con=mity to ^? laws :i* regulate m9d 9 its pres5t mode ( be+4 ,x %\ld be borne 9 m9d1 also1 t j 9 proportion z man rema9s ignorant ( ^? laws1 or1 kn[+ !m1 disreg>ds !m1 w he fail to secure 8 be/ good 9 ?is life n only1 b 9 t :i* is to come1 to an ext5t correspond+ ) ! influ5ce :i* education may ex]t ^u indep5d5t m9d4 ,9 ord]1 !n1 mo/ successfully to c>ry =w>d ! great "w ( intellectual & moral culture1 & to secure to man ! fulle/ b5efits ( education 9 ! pres5t life1 & 9 t high] mode ( be+ :i* awaits him 9 ! future1 we h only to acqua9t him ) ! laws by :i* embodi$ m9d is gov]n$1 & to induce him to yield a ready1 *e]ful1 & uni=m ob$i5ce to ^? laws4 ,we %all !re=e devote ! foll[+ pages to an inquiry into ! laws :i* mu/ be obs]v$ by embodi$ m9d 9 ord] to r5d] x ! fitte/ possible in/rum5t = discov]+1 apply+1 & obey+ ! laws "u :i* ,god has plac$ ! univ]se1 :i* con/itutes ! "o great object ( education1 :5 consid]$ 9 its wide/ & true s5se4 ,all physiologi/s & philosoph]s reg>d ! bra9 z ! organ ( ! m9d4 ,al?\gh x is n befitt+ "h to give a p>ticul> description ( ?is complicat$ organ1 /ill x may be well fur!r to premise t1 by ne>ly univ]sal cons5t1 x is reg>d$ z ! imm$iate seat ( ! intellectual faculties n only1 b ( ! passions & moral feel+s ( our nature1 z well z ( consci\sness & e o!r m5tal act4 ,x is also well e/abli%$ t ! bra9 is ! pr9cipal s\rce ( t n]v\s influ5ce :i* is ess5tial to vitality1 & to ! action ( ea* & all ( our bodily organs4 ,z1 !n1 its functions are ! highe/ & mo/ important 9 ! animal economy1 x becomes an object ( p>am\nt importance 9 education to discov] ! laws by :i* !y are regulat$1 t by yield+ ob$i5ce to !m we may avoid ! evils consequ5t on _! violation4 ,let no "o suppose ^! evils are few or small2 =1 9 ! language ( an eloqu5t writ]1 ! sy/em ( education :i* is g5]ally pursu$ 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates is unphilosophical 9 its elem5t>y pr9ciples1 ill adapt$ to ! condition ( man1 practically mocks 8 necessities1 & is intr9sically absurd4 ,! high excell5ces ( ! pres5t sy/em1 9 o!r respects1 are fully appreciat$4 ,mod]n education has inde$ a*iev$ wond]s4 ,x has sub/itut$ ?+s = names1 exp]im5t = hypo!sis1 fir/ pr9ciples = arbitr>y rules4 ,x has simplifi$ processes1 /ripp$ k ( its ab/raction & ?r[n x into visibility1 made practical results r ?an my/]y ! /&>d by :i* to measure ! value ( atta9m5t1 & facts r ?an conjecture its circulat+ m$ium4#ba #ba ,report on ,manual ,labor1 by ,!odore ,d4 ,weld1 #ahcc4 ,a s\nd orig9al con/itution may be reg>d$ z ! fir/ condition ( ! heal?y action ( ! bra92 =1 be+ a "p ( ! animal economy1 x is subject to ! same g5]al laws t gov]n ! o!r bodily organs4 ,:5 a heal?y bra9 is transmitt$ to *ildr51 & _! treatm5t f infancy is judici\s & rational1 its heal? becomes s firmly e/abli%$ t1 9 aft] life1 its p[] ( endurance w be greatly increas$1 & x w be enabl$ mo/ effectually to w>d (f ! insidi\s attacks ( disease4 ,on ! o!r h&1 :]e ?is organ has ei!r inh]it$ defici5cies & imp]fections1 or :]e !y h be5 subsequ5tly induc$ by e>ly mismanagem5t1 x becomes peculi>ly susceptible1 & frequ5tly yields to ! slighte/ attacks4 ,! mo/ em95t physiologi/s ( ! age concur 9 ! op9ion t1 ( all ! causes :i* pr$ispose to n]v\s & m5tal disease1 ! transmission ( h]$it>y t5d5cy f p>5ts to *ildr5 is ! mo/ p[]ful1 produc+1 z x does1 9 ! *ildr51 an unusual liability to ^? maladies "u :i* _! p>5ts h labor$4 ,:5 bo? p>5ts are desc5d$ f ta9t$ families1 _! prog5y1 z a matt] ( c\rse1 w be m deeply affect$ ?an :]e "o ( !m is f a pure /ock4 ,?is suffici5tly acc\nts = ! fact t h]$it>y pr$isposition is a m common cause ( n]v\s disease 9 ^? circles t int]m>ry mu* ) ea* o!r ?an :]e a wid] *oice is ex]cis$4 ,=tunately1 su* is ! con/itution ( society 9 ?is c\ntry1 t !re are few] evils ( ?is k9d among u ?an are manife/ 9 _m ( ! ,european /ates1 :]e int]m>riages are re/rict$ to p]sons ( ! same rank1 z has already be5 illu/rat$ by ref]5ce to ! gr&ees ( ,spa91 :o h become a race ( dw>fs intellectually z well z physically4 ,b ev5 9 ?is c\ntry !re are pa9ful illu/rations ( ! tru? ( ! popul> belief t :5 c\s9s int]m>ry _! (fspr+ are liable to be idiotic4 ,! comm& ( ,god n to m>ry )9 c]ta9 degrees ( consangu9ity is1 !n1 9 accordance ) ! organic laws ( our be+1 & ! wisdom ( ! prohibition is abundantly confirm$ by obs]vation4 ,:at 0 said ( h]$it>y transmission 9 ! second *apt] ( ?is "w applies "h ) increas$ =ce4 ,x is ( ! highe/ possible importance t ?is subject %\ld receive ! especial att5tion ( e p>5t1 & ( all :o may h]eaft] su/a9 ! p>5tal relation2 = po/]ity1 to ! late/ g5]ations1 w be affect$ by ! laws ( h]$it>y transmission1 :e!r ^? laws are und]/ood & obey$ or n4 ,! importance ( ?is subject1 already inconceivably va/1 becomes inf9itely mom5t\s 9 view ( ! probability t ! evils "u consid]ation are n conf9$ to ?is life1 b mu/1 f ! nature ( ! case1 cont9ue to be felt :ile m9d endures4 ,un=tunately1 x is n m]ely z a cause ( disease t h]$it>y pr$isposition is to be dread$4 ,! ob/acles :i* x ?r[s 9 ! way ( p]man5t recov]y are ev5 m =midable1 & c nev] be entirely remov$4 ,safety is to be f\nd only 9 avoid+ ! p]petuation ( ! mis*ief4 ,:51 !re=e1 two p]sons1 ea* naturally ( an excitable & delicate n]v\s temp]am5t1 *oose to unite = life1 !y h !mselves to blame = ! conc5trat$ influ5ce ( simil> t5d5cies 9 de/roy+ ! heal? ( _! (fspr+1 & subject+ !m to all ! mis]ies ( n]v\s disease1 melan*oly1 or madness4 ,!re is ano!r consid]ation t %\ld be notic$ "h3 x is ?is4 ,ev5 :]e no h]$it>y defect exi/s1 ! /ate ( ! "m dur+ pregnancy has an influ5ce on ! m5tal "* & heal? ( ! (fspr+1 ( :i* ev5 few p>5ts h any adequate conception4 ,x is (t5 9 ! mat]nal womb t we are to look = ! true cause n only ( imbecility1 b ( ! diff]5t k9ds ( mania4 ,dur+ ! agitat$ p]iods ( ! ,fr5* ,revolution1 _m ladies !n pregnant1 & ^: m9ds 7 kept con/antly on ! /ret* by ! anxiety & al>m insep>able f ! epo* 9 :i* !y liv$1 & ^: n]v\s sy/ems 7 !reby r5d]$ irritable 9 ! highe/ degree compatible ) sanity1 7 aft]w>d deliv]$ ( infants ^: bra9s & n]v\s sy/ems _h be5 affect$ to su* a degree by ! /ate ( _! p>5t1 t1 9 future life1 z *ildr5 !y 7 subject to spasms1 convulsions1 & o!r n]v\s affections1 & 9 y\? to imbecility or madness1 almo/ )\t any excit+ cause4#bb #bb ,! te/imony ( ,m4 ,esquirol1 ^: tal5t1 g5]al accuracy1 & ext5sive exp]i5ce give great weight to all 8 well-consid]$ op9ions1 quot$1 also1 & confirm$ by ! ,physician ,extraord9>y to ! ,que5 9 ,scotl&1 & consult+ ,physician to ! ,k+ & ,que5 ( ! ,belgians4 ,! same em95t au?or has record$ ! foll[+ fact1 illu/rat+ ! ext5t to :i* ! tempor>y /ate ( ! "m1 dur+ ge/ation1 may influ5ce ! :ole future life ( ! *ild4 ,a pregnant woman1 o!rwise heal?y1 0 greatly al>m$ & t]rifi$ by ! ?reats ( h] husb& :5 9 a /ate ( intoxication4 ,%e 0 aft]w>d deliv]$1 at ! prop] "t1 ( a v delicate *ild1 :i* 0 s mu* affect$ by its "m's agitation t1 up to ! age ( eighte51 x cont9u$ subject to panic t]rors1 & !n became completely maniacal4 ,_m illu/rative in/ances might be quot$ f m$ical writ]s 9 ?is & o!r c\ntries4 ,! au?or might also ref] to cases t h fall5 "u 8 own obs]vation4 ,dr4 ,caldwell1 too1 an able & philan?ropic advocate ( an improv$ sy/em ( physical1 intellectual1 & moral education 9 ?is c\ntry1 is v urg5t 9 en=c+ rational c>e1 dur+ ! p]iod ( ge/ation1 on ! "p ( e "m :o values ! future heal? & happ9ess ( h] (fspr+4 ,among o!r ?+s1 he insi/s on mo!rs tak+ m active ex]cise 9 ! op5 air ?an !y usually d4 ,he also cautions !m aga9/ all[+ a feel+ ( false delicacy to keep !m conf9$ 9 _! rooms = weeks & mon?s toge!r4 ,at su* times especially ! m9d ought to be kept free f gloom or anxiety1 & 9 t /ate ( *e]ful activity :i* results f ! prop] ex]cise ( ! intellect1 & especially ( ! moral & social feel+s4 ,b if seclusion & depression be hurtful to ! unborn prog5y1 surely ?\ghtless dissipation & late h\rs1 danc+ & waltz+1 toge!r ) irritability ( temp] & peevi%ness ( disposition1 c n be less injuri\s4 ,e female t is ab\t to become a "m %\ld treasure up ! rem>k ( t s5sible lady1 ! ,m>grav9e ( ,anspa*1 :o says1 :5 a female is likely to become a "m1 %e ought to be d\bly c>eful ( h] temp]1 &1 9 p>ticul>1 to indulge no ideas t are n *e]ful & no s5tim5ts t are n k9d4 ,su* is ! connection betwe5 ! m9d & ! body1 t ! features ( ! face are m\ld$ commonly into an expression ( ! int]nal disposition2 & is x n natural to ?9k t an infant1 be=e x is born1 may be affect$ by ! temp] ( its "m8 ,if ^! ?+s are true--& !y are z well au!nticat$ z any physiological facts are or c be--!n n only mo!rs1 b all ) :om !y associate1 & especially fa!rs1 are int]e/$ 9 kn[+ ^! important physiological laws2 & !y %\ld aim1 f ! v beg9n+1 s to obs]ve !m z to secure to po/]ity1 physically & m5tally1 ! full b5efits t are connect$ ) *e]ful ob$i5ce4 ,a due supply ( prop]ly oxyg5at$ blood is ano!r condition ^u :i* ! heal?y action ( ! bra9 dep5ds4 ,al?\gh x may n be easy to p]ceive ! effects ( slight diff]5ces 9 ! quality ( ! blood1 /ill1 :5 ^! diff]5ces exi/ 9 a consid]able degree1 ! effects are too obvi\s to be ov]look$4 ,)draw entirely ! /imulus ( art]ial blood1 & ! bra9 ceases to act1 & s5sibility & consci\sness become ext9ct4 ,:5 c>bonic acid gas is inhal$1 ! blood circulat+ ?r\gh ! lungs does n und]go t process ( oxyg5ation :i* is ess5tial to life1 z has be5 expla9$ 9 a prec$+ *apt]4 ,z ! v5\s blood 9 ?is un*ang$ /ate is unfit to excite or su/a9 ! action ( ! bra91 ! m5tal functions become impair$1 & dea? spe$ily ensues1 z 9 ! case ( a numb] ( p]sons brea?+ a portion ( conf9$ air1 or inhal+ ! fumes ( *>coal4 ,on ! o!r h&1 if oxyg5 gas be inhal$ in/ead ( common air1 ! blood becomes too mu* oxyg5at$1 &1 z a consequ5ce1 ! bra9 is unduly /imulat$1 & an int5sity ( action bord]+ on inflammation takes place1 :i* also soon t]m9ates 9 dea?4 ,^! are extreme cases1 ,i admit2 b _! consequ5ces are equally rem>kable & fatal4 ,! slight] v>iations 9 ! /ate ( ! blood produce equally sure1 ?\gh less palpable effects4 ,:5ev] its vitality is impair$ by brea?+ an atmosph]e s vitiat$ z n to produce ! prop] degree ( oxyg5ation1 ! blood c only af=d an imp]fect /imulus to ! bra94 ,z a necess>y consequ5ce1 languor & inactivity ( ! m5tal & n]v\s functions ensue1 & a t5d5cy to heada*e1 fa9t+1 or hy/]ia makes its appe>ance4 ,?is is se5 e day 9 ! li/lessness & apa?y preval5t 9 cr[d$ & ill-v5tilat$ s*ool-rooms1 & 9 ! heada*es & liability to fa9t+ :i* are s sure to attack p]sons ( a delicate habit1 9 ! contam9at$ atmosph]es ( cr[d$ !at]s1 *ur*es1 & assemblies ( :atev] k9d4 ,! same effects1 al?\gh less /rik+ly app>5t1 are p]haps m p]man5tly felt by ! inmates ( cotton manufactories & public hospitals1 :o are not$ = be+ irritable & s5sitive4 ,! languor & n]v\s debility consequ5t on conf9em5t 9 ill-v5tilat$ ap>tm5ts1 or 9 air vitiat$ by ! brea? ( _m p1 are nei!r m nor less ?an m9or degrees ( ! process ( poison+1 :i* 0 p>ticul>ly expla9$ 9 ! prec$+ *apt]1 :ile treat+ ^u ! philosophy ( respiration4 ,t x is n real debility :i* produces ^! effects1 is app>5t f ! fact1 t egress to ! op5 air almo/ in/antly re/ores activity & vigor to bo? m9d & body1 unless ! exposure has be5 v long4 ,!re is an int]e/+ b fe>ful illu/ration ( ! tru? ( ?is /atem5t at ! #if? page ( ?is "w1 to :i* ,i beg leave to ref]4 ,:]e ! exposure has be5 v long cont9u$1 m "t is ( c\rse requir$ to re-e/abli% ! exhau/$ p[]s ( ! bra94 ,inde$1 we may n1 9 su* cases1 hope = complete recov]y2 = :5 p]sons rema9 sev]al h\rs a day 9 a vitiat$ atmosph]e1 = weeks & mon?s toge!r1 bo? m9d & body become p]man5tly diseas$4 ,x is well kn[n to e p]son :o has giv5 att5tion to ! subject1 t hi!rto ?is has be5 ! condition ( public s*ools1 g5]ally1 9 e "p ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 & ?r\gh\t ! civiliz$ _w4 ,?is has1 p]haps1 t5d$ m ?an all o!r causes comb9$1 to r5d] ! pr(ession ( tea*+ disreputable1 & to con/itute ! v "n ( s*oolma/]1 or p$agogue1 a hiss+ & a by-^w4 ,& :y is ?is8 ,i c acc\nt = x 9 b "o way4 ,! s*ool tea*] is subject to ! same organic laws z o!r m52 &1 ei!r on acc\nt ( ! ignorance or p>simony ( 8 employ]s1 he has be5 %ut up ) _! *ildr5 sev]al h\rs a day1 9 n>r[ & ill-v5tilat$ ap>tm5ts1 :]e1 :atev] else !y may h done1 _! pr9cipal bus9ess has ( necessity be5 to poison "o ano!r to dea?4 ,&1 z if n satisfi$ ) ?is1 :5 ! tea*] has ru9$ 8 heal? 9 our employm5t1 & become a m]e wreck1 physically & m5tally1 we despise him4 ,?is is a d\ble inju/ice1 & is add+ insult to injury4 ,& ! consequ5ces are h>dly less fatal to ! *ildr54 ,! situation ( ! majority ( our s*ools1 :5 view$ 9 connection ) ! physiological laws already expla9$1 suffici5tly acc\nts = t irritability1 li/lessness1 & languor :i* h be5 s (t5 obs]v$ 9 bo? tea*]s & pupils4 ,bo? irritability ( ! n]v\s sy/em & dullness ( ! intellect are unque/ionably ! direct & necess>y result ( a want ( pure air4 ,! vital en]gies ( ! pupils are ?us pro/rat$1 & !y become n only re/less & indispos$ to /udy1 b absolutely incapable ( /udy+4 ,_! m9ds h5ce w&]1 & !y unavoidably seek relief 9 mis*iev\s & disord]ly conduct4 ,?is d\bly provokes ! already exasp]at$ tea*]1 :o c h>dly look ) complaisance ^u good behavior1 & :o1 f a l cause1 is 9 ! same irritable condition ( bo? body & m9d ) !mselves4 ,he1 too1 mu/ ne$s give v5t to 8 irascible feel+s "s h[4 ,& :at way is m natural1 "u su* circum/ances1 ?an to resort to ! use ( ! f]ule1 ! rod1 & ! /rap6 ,we h already ref]r$ to a case1 9 :i* =m]ly fev] con/antly prevail$1 b :]e disease disappe>$ altoge!r ^u ! introduction ( pure air4 ,let ! same prud5tial c\rse be adopt$ 9 our s*ools1 9 connection ) o!r appropriate means1 & we %all readily see ! sup]iority ( ! natural /imulus ( oxyg5 ov] ! artificial s$ative ( ! rod4 ,! regul> & sy/ematic ex]cise ( ! functions ( ! bra9 is ano!r condition ^u :i* its heal?y action dep5ds4 ,! bra9 is an organiz$ "p1 & is subject to precisely ! same laws ( ex]cise t ! o!r bodily organs are4 ,if x is doom$ to inactivity1 its heal? decays1 & ! m5tal op]ations & feel+s1 z a necess>y consequ5ce1 become dull1 feeble1 & sl[4 ,b let x be duly ex]cis$ aft] regul> int]vals ( repose1 & ! m9d acquires activity & /r5g?4 ,too sev]e or too protract$ ex]cise ( ! bra9 is z great a violation ( ! organic law j /at$ z inactivity is1 & is sometimes productive ( ! mo/ fe>ful consequ5ces4 ,by ov]-task+ ?is organ1 ei!r 9 ! =ce or duration ( its activity1 its functions become impair$1 & irritability & disease take ! place ( heal? & vigor4 ,s important is ! law "u consid]ation1 & s ess5tial to ! heal? ( ! bra9 & to ! welf>e ( man1 t ,i deem x advisable to expla9 m p>ticul>ly ! consequ5ces ( bo? inadequate & excessive ex]cise4 ,we h se5 t by disuse ! muscles become emaciat$ & ! bones s(t54 ,! blood-vessels1 9 l mann]1 become oblit]at$1 & ! n]ves lose _! *>act]i/ic /ructure4 ,! bra9 is no exception to ?is g5]al rule4 ,its tone is impair$ by p]man5t inactivity1 & x becomes less fit to manife/ ! m5tal p[]s ) read9ess & en]gy4 ,nor w ?is surprise any reflect+ p]son1 :o consid]s t ! bra91 z a "p ( ! same animal sy/em1 is n\ri%$ by ! same blood1 & regulat$ by ! same vital laws z ! muscles1 bones1 art]ies1 & n]ves4 ,x is ! )drawal ( ! /imulus necess>y to ! heal?y ex]cise ( ! bra91 & ! consequ5t weak5+ & depress+ effect produc$ ^u ?is organ1 t r5d]s solit>y conf9em5t s sev]e a puni%m5t ev5 to ! mo/ d>+ m9ds4 ,x is a l[] degree ( ! same cause t r5d]s cont9u\s seclusion f society s injuri\s to bo? m5tal & physical heal?4 ,?is expla9s :y p]sons :o are cut (f f social conv]se by "s bodily infirmity s frequ5tly become discont5t$ & morose1 9 spite ( e resolution to ! contr>y4 ,! feel+s & faculties ( ! m9d1 :i* _h =m]ly full play 9 _! int]c\rse ) _! fell[-creatures1 h no long] scope = suffici5t ex]cise1 & ! almo/ inevitable result is irritability & weakness 9 ! correspond+ p>ts ( ! bra94 ,?is fact is /rik+ly illu/rat$ by ref]5ce to ! deaf & bl9d1 :o1 by ! loss ( "o or m ( ! s5ses1 are preclud$ f a full p>ticipation 9 all ! v>i$ s\rces ( int]e/ :i* _! m favor$ bre?r5 enjoy )\t abatem5t1 & 9 :om irritability1 weakness ( m9d1 & idiocy are kn[n to be mu* m preval5t ?an among o!r classes ( p4 ,! deaf & dumb1 says ,&ral1 pres5ts1 9 intellig5ce1 "*1 & ! developm5t ( 8 passions1 c]ta9 modifications1 :i* dep5d on 8 /ate ( isolation 9 ! mid/ ( society4 ,he rema9s habitually 9 a /ate ( half *ildi%ness1 is v cr$ul\s1 b1 l ! savage1 rema9s free f _m ( ! prejudices acquir$ 9 society4 ,9 him ! t5d] feel+s are n deep2 he appe>s susceptible nei!r ( /rong atta*m5t nor ( lively gratitude2 pity moves him feebly2 he has little emulation1 few enjoym5ts1 & few desires4 ,?is is :at is commonly obs]v$ 9 ! deaf & dumb2 b ! picture is f> f be+ ( univ]sal application2 "s1 m happily end[$1 are rem>kable = ! great developm5t ( _! intellectual & moral nature2 b o!rs1 on ! contr>y1 rema9 imm]s$ 9 complete idiocy4 ,&ral adds1 t we mu/ n inf] f ?is t ! deaf & dumb are !re=e con/itutionally inf]ior 9 m9d to o!r m54 ,_! p[]s are n develop$1 because !y live isolat$ f society4 ,place !m1 by "s means or o!r1 9 relation ) _! fell[-m51 & !y w become _! equals4 ,?is is ! cause ( ! rapid bright5+ up ( bo? m9d & features1 :i* is s (t5 obs]v$ 9 bl9d or deaf *ildr5 :5 transf]r$ f home to public in/itutions1 & !re taught ! means ( conv]se ) _! fell[s4 ,i h myself witness$ sev]al /rik+ illu/rations ( ! b5efits result+ f m5tal culture 9 p]sons :o h lo/ "o or m ( _! s5ses4 ,among ^! ,i w\ld especially in/ance ! ,am]ican ,asylum at ,h>t=d = ! education & in/ruction ( ! deaf & dumb1 & ! ,p]k9s ,in/itution & ,massa*usetts ,asylum = ! ,bl9d1 locat$ at ,s\? ,bo/on1 to ! accompli%$ pr9cipals & tea*]s ( bo? ( :i* in/itutions ,i w\ld ackn[l$ge my indebt$ness = valuable reports & ! in=mation ( v>i\s k9ds :i* !y oblig+ly communicat$ to me at ! "t ( my visits dur+ ! pa/ summ]4 ,dr4 ,h[e1 ! accompli%$ director ( ! ,asylum = ! ,bl9d1 aft] _m ye>s ( exp]i5ce & c>eful obs]vation 9 ?is c\ntry & 9 ,europe1 expresses ! conviction t ! bl9d1 z a class1 are inf]ior to o!r p]sons 9 m5tal p[] & ability4 ,! op9ions put =? 9 almo/ e report ( ! in/itutions = ! bl9d 9 ?is c\ntry1 9 almo/ all books on ! subject1 & ev5 ! doctor's e>li] writ+s1 may be br\ght to disprove ?is /atem5t4 ,he is n[1 nev]!less1 fully conv9c$ t x w be f\nd true4 ,?is errone\s conviction1 e :]e s preval5t1 may be acc\nt$ = f ! fact t none b intellig5t p>5ts ( bl9d *ildr5 c\ld at fir/ compreh5d ! possibility ( _! be+ educat$1 & ev5 !y w\ld n ?9k ( try+ ! exp]im5t except ^u a *ild ( m ?an ord9>y ability4 ,z soon1 h[ev]1 z ! exp]im5t prov$ successful1 & in/itutions = ! bl9d became g5]ally kn[n1 ! bl9d1 )\t di/9ction--! bright & ! backw>d1 ! bold & ! timid--resort$ to !m1 :i* gave an opportunity ( judg+ ( ! :ole class4 ,! result is1 t n[1 :ile ! s*ools = ! bl9d pres5t a c]ta9 numb] ( *ildr5 :o make m rapid progress 9 intellectual /udies ?an ! av]age ( see+ *ildr51 !y also pres5t a mu* l>g] numb] :o are decid$ly inf]ior to !m 9 bo? physical & m5tal vigor4 ,! loss ( "o s5se makes u ex]cise ! o!rs s con/antly & s effectually z to acquire a p[] q unkn[n to common p]sons4 ,?is goes f> to comp5sate ! bl9d man :o is 9 ! pursuit ( k1 & enables him to le>n va/ly m ( "s subjects ?an o!r m52 b !re are capacities ( 8 nature :i* c nev] be develop$4 ,p]fect h>mony 9 ! ex]cise & developm5t ( 8 m5tal faculties he c nev] possess1 any m ?an he c exhibit p]fect physical beauty & proportion4 ,! proposition t ! bl9d1 z a class1 are inf]ior 9 m5tal p[] & ability to ord9>y p]sons1 has be5 e/abli%$ beyond a d\bt4 ,take an equal numb] ( bl9d & see+ p]sons1 ( z ne>ly ! same age & situation 9 life z may be1 & x has be5 e/abli%$ by well au!nticat$ data1 t :5 all ! bl9d h di$1 !re w /ill be ab\t half ( ! see+ ones alive4 ,9 o!r words1 ! *ance ( life among ! bl9d is only ab\t half :at x is among ! see+4 ,! /&>d ( bodily heal? & vigor1 !n1 be+ s mu* l[] among ! bl9d1 ! inevitable inf]5ce is t m5tal p[] & ability w be proportionably less also2 = su* is ! dep5d5ce ( ! m9d ^u ! body1 t !re c be no cont9uance ( m5tal heal? & vigor )\t bodily heal? & vigor4 ,x is also true t ! deaf & dumb1 z a class1 are inf]ior to o!r p]sons 9 m5tal p[] & ability4 ,! g5]al reasons = ?is are ! same z ^? already giv5 9 ! case ( bl9d p]sons1 & ne$ n h5ce be repeat$4 ,! tru? ( ?is proposition is e/abli%$ beyond a d\bt by ! concurr5t te/imony ( ^? :o h _h ! greate/ exp]i5ce ) ?is un=tunate class ( p]sons bo? 9 ?is c\ntry & 9 ,europe4 ,! report ( ! directors ( ! ,am]ican ,asylum = ! ye> #ahde %[s t two pupils _h di$ dur+ ! ye>4 ,"o ( ^! _h an affection ( ! lungs :i* t]m9at$ 9 consumption1 & ! disease ( ! o!r 0 dropsy on ! bra94 ,9 a ?ird1 h]$it>y consumption 0 rapidly develop+ itself4 ,o!rs1 /ill1 _h be5 subject to m or less ( bodily indisposition4 ,aft] speak+ ( ! case ( a "y man 9 :om h]$it>y consumption _h be5 rapidly develop$1 ! foll[+ /atem5t is introduc$3 ,?is great de/roy] ( our race is f\nd ext5sively 9 ,europe1 z well z 9 our own c\ntry1 to be a common disease among ! deaf & dumb4 ,x is br\ght on by scr(ula1 by fev]s1 by viol5t colds1 & by v>i\s o!r causes2 & !re is (t51 no d\bt1 a h]$it>y t5d5cy to x 9 families connect$ by blood4 ,if ?is is ! effect ( ! loss ( "o ( ! s5ses ^u ! bodily heal?1 keep+ 9 view ! pr9ciple already /at$1 we %all naturally en\gh be l$ to inquire :at ! influ5ce is ^u ! heal? ( ! m9d4 ,a c>eful exam9ation ( ! educational /ati/ics ( sev]al /ates has conv9c$ me t an unusually l>ge proportion ( ! deaf & dumb--& p]haps an equally l>ge proportion ( ! bl9d1 & especially ^? :o h rema9$ un$ucat$ & un5light5$--h be5 visit$ ) m5tal d]angem5t1 & h liv$ & di$ insane4 ,?is is easily acc\nt$ =4 ,un$ucat$ p]sons1 :o are depriv$ ( "o or m ( ! s5ses1 are isolat$ f ! _w 9 :i* !y live4 ,! book ( nature is op5 be=e !m1 b !y are unable to p]use x4 ,! simple/ op]ations con/antly go+ on ar\nd !m are lock$ 9 my/]y4 ,!y are an enigma to !mselves4 ,ev5 ^? :o are end[$ ) inquisitive m9ds are p]plex$ ) ! exi/+ /ate ( ?+s4 ,!y "k no?+ ( ! physical organization ( ! planet we inhabit1 ( its political & civil divisions1 & ( ! :ole ma*9]y ( human society1 & are pr(\ndly ignorant ( ! pa/ hi/ory & future de/9y ( ! race to :i* !y belong4 ,x is n rem>kable t m9d s unnaturally & peculi>ly circum/anc$--) its usual inlets ( k s ob/ruct$1 & depriv$ ( ext]nal objects to act ^u--%\ld prey ^u itself1 & ?us sup]9duce insanity 9 its usual =ms1 & m especially :5 unaid$ & undirect$ by education4 ,keep+ ! same pr9ciple 9 view1 we %all n be surpris$ to f9d t want ( ex]cise ( ! bra9 & n]v\s sy/em1 or1 9 o!r words1 t inactivity ( intellect & feel+1 is a v frequ5t pr$ispos+ cause ( e =m ( n]v\s disease1 ev5 ) ^? :o h n be5 depriv$ ( any ( _! s5ses4 ,= demon/rative evid5ce ( ?is position1 we h only to look at ! num]\s victims to be f\nd among females ( ! middle & high] ranks1 :o h no call to ex]tion 9 ga9+ ! means ( subsi/5ce1 & no objects ( int]e/ on :i* to ex]cise _! m5tal faculties1 & :o consequ5tly s9k into a /ate ( m5tal slo? & n]v\s weakness1 :i* n only deprives !m ( mu* enjoym5t1 b subjects !m to suff]+1 bo? ( body & m9d1 f ! slighte/ causes4 ,9 look+ abroad ^u society1 we f9d innum]able examples ( m5tal & n]v\s debility f ?is cause4 ,:5 a p]son ( "s m5tal capacity is conf9$ = a long "t to an unv>y+ r\nd ( employm5t1 :i* af=ds nei!r scope nor /imulus = "o half ( 8 faculties1 &1 f want ( education or society1 has no ext]nal res\rces1 8 m5tal p[]s1 = want ( ex]cise to keep up due vitality 9 _! c]ebral organs1 become blunt$1 & 8 p]ceptions sl[ & dull4 ,unusual subjects ( ?\ght become to him disagreeable & pa9ful4 ,! intellect & feel+s n be+ provid$ ) int]e/s ext]nal to !mselves1 mu/ ei!r become inactive & weak1 or "w ^u !mselves & become diseas$4 ,b let ! situation ( su* p]sons be *ang$2 br+ !m1 = in/ance1 f ! li/lessness ( retirem5t to ! bus9ess & bu/le ( a city2 give !m a v>iety ( imp]ative employm5ts1 & place !m 9 society s z to supply to _! c]ebral organs t ext5t ( ex]cise :i* gives heal? & vivacity ( action1 & 9 a few mon?s ! *ange produc$ w be surpris+4 ,heal?1 animation1 & acut5ess w take ! place ( =m] insipidity & dullness4 ,9 su* in/ances1 x w\ld be absurd to suppose t x is ! m9d itself :i* becomes heavy & feeble1 & aga9 revives into en]gy by ^! *anges 9 ext]nal circum/ances4 ,! effects arise entirely f *anges 9 ! /ate ( ! bra91 & ! m5tal manife/ations & ! bodily heal? h be5 improv$ solely by ! improvem5t ( its condition4 ,! evils aris+ f excessive or ill-tim$ ex]cise ( ! bra91 or any ( its p>ts1 are num]\s1 & equally 9 accordance ) ! ord9>y laws ( physiology4 ,:5 we use ! eye too long or 9 too bright a light1 x becomes blood%ot1 & ! increas$ action ( its vessels & n]ves gives rise to a s5sation ( fatigue & pa9 requir+ u to desi/4 ,if we turn away & relieve ! eye1 ! irritation gradually subsides1 & ! heal?y /ate returns2 b if we cont9ue to look int5tly1 or resume our employm5t be=e ! eye has rega9$ its natural /ate by repose1 ! irritation at la/ becomes p]man5t1 & disease1 foll[$ by weakness ( sight1 or ev5 bl9dness1 may ensue1 z (t5 happ5s to glass-bl[]s1 smi?s1 & o!rs :o are oblig$ to "w 9 an int5se light4 ,precisely analog\s ph5om5a occur :51 f int5se m5tal excitem5t1 ! bra9 is kept long 9 a /ate ( excessive activity4 ,! only diff]5ce is1 t we c always see :at happ5s 9 ! eye1 b r>ely :at takes place 9 ! bra94 ,occasionally1 h[ev]1 cases ( fracture ( ! skull occur1 9 :i*1 "p ( ! bone be+ remov$1 we c see ! quick5$ circulation 9 ! vessels ( ! bra9 z easily z 9 ^? ( ! eye4 ,sir ,a/ley ,coop] _h a "y g5tleman br\ght to him :o _h lo/ a portion ( 8 skull j above ! eyebr[4 ,on exam9+ ! head1 says ,sir ,a/ley1 ,i di/9ctly saw t ! pulsation ( ! bra9 0 regul> & sl[2 b at ?is "t he 0 agitat$ by "s opposition to 8 wi%es1 & directly ! blood 0 s5t ) increas$ =ce to ! bra91 & ! pulsation became frequ5t & viol5t4 ,sir ,a/ley h5ce concludes t1 9 ! treatm5t ( injuries ( ! bra91 if y omit to keep ! m9d free f agitation1 y\r o!r means w be unavail+4 ,a /ill m rem>kable case is said to h occurr$ 9 ! hospital ( ,montpelli] 9 #ahba4 ,! subject ( x 0 a female :o _h lo/ a l>ge portion ( h] scalp1 skull-bone1 & dura mat]4 ,a correspond+ portion ( h] bra9 0 consequ5tly b>e1 & subject to inspection4 ,:5 %e 0 9 a dreamless sleep1 h] bra9 0 motionless1 & lay )9 ! cranium2 b :5 h] sleep 0 imp]fect1 & %e 0 agitat$ by dreams1 h] bra9 mov$ & protrud$ )\t ! cranium4 ,9 vivid dreams ! protrusion 0 consid]able2 & :5 %e 0 awake & engag$ 9 active ?\ght or sprightly conv]sation1 x 0 /ill great]4 ,9 allud+ to ?is subject1 ,dr4 ,caldwell rem>ks1 t if x 7 possible1 )\t do+ an injury to o!r p>ts1 to augm5t ! con/ant afflux ( heal?y art]ial blood to ! bra91 ! m5tal op]ations w\ld be invigorat$ by x4 ,?is position is illu/rat$ by ref]5ce to ! fact t :5 a public speak] is flu%$ & heat$ 9 debate1 8 m9d works m freely & p[]fully ?an at any o!r "t4 ,& :y8 ,because 8 bra9 is 9 bett] tune4 ,:at has ?us sudd5ly improv$ its condition8 ,an increas$ curr5t ( blood into x1 produc$ by ! excitem5t ( its own increas$ action4 ,t ! blood does1 on su* occasions1 fl[ m copi\sly into ! bra91 no "o c d\bt :o is at all acqua9t$ ) ! c]ebral s5sations :i* ! orator himself exp]i5ces at ! "t1 or :o witnesses ! unusual fullness & flu% ( 8 c\nt5ance1 & ! dew9ess1 fla%+1 & protrusion ( 8 eye4 ,inde$1 9 _m in/ances1 ! increas$ circulation 9 ! bra9 att5dant on high m5tal excitem5t reveals itself by its effects :5 lea/ expect$1 & leaves traces aft] dea? :i* are b too legible4 ,_m are ! in/ances 9 :i* public m5 h be5 sudd5ly arre/$ 9 _! c>e] by ! inord9ate action ( ! bra9 induc$ by incessant toil1 & m num]\s /ill are ^? ^: m5tal p[] has be5 =ev] impair$ by simil> excess4 ,x is g5]ally kn[n t ! eye1 :5 task$ beyond its /r5g?1 becomes ins5sible to light1 & ceases to convey impressions to ! m9d4 ,! bra91 9 l mann]1 :5 mu* exhau/$1 becomes incapable ( ?\ght1 & consci\sness is well-nigh lo/ 9 a feel+ ( utt] confusion4 ,at any "t 9 life1 excessive & cont9u$ m5tal ex]tion is hurtful2 b 9 infancy & e>ly y\?1 :5 ! /ructure ( ! bra9 is /ill immature & delicate1 p]man5t injury is m easily produc$ by injudici\s treatm5t ?an at any subsequ5t p]iod4 ,9 ?is respect1 ! analogy is complete betwe5 ! bra9 & ! o!r p>ts ( ! body1 z we h already se5 exemplifi$ 9 ! injuri\s effects ( premature ex]cise ( ! bones & muscles4 ,scr(ul\s & rickety *ildr5 are ! mo/ usual suff]]s 9 ?is way4 ,!y are g5]ally rem>kable = l>ge heads1 great precocity ( und]/&+1 & small1 delicate bodies4 ,b 9 su* in/ances1 ! great size ( ! bra91 & ! acut5ess ( ! m9d1 are ! results ( morbid gr[?1 & ev5 ) ! be/ managem5t1 ! *ild passes ! fir/ ye>s ( its life con/antly on ! br9k ( active disease4 ,in/ead1 h[ev]1 ( try+ to repress its m5tal activity1 z !y %\ld1 ! fond p>5ts1 misl$ by ! promise ( g5ius1 too (t5 excite x /ill fur!r by unceas+ cultivation & ! nev]-fail+ /imulus ( praise2 & f9d+ its progress1 = a "t1 equal to _! w>me/ wi%es1 !y look =w>d ) ec/asy to ! day :5 its tal5ts w break =? & %$ a lu/] on _! "n4 ,b 9 exact proportion z ! picture becomes bright] to _! fancy1 ! probability ( its becom+ realiz$ becomes less2 = ! bra91 worn out by premature ex]tion1 ei!r becomes diseas$ or loses its tone1 leav+ ! m5tal p[]s feeble & depress$ = ! rema9d] ( life4 ,! expect$ prodigy is ?us1 9 ! end1 easily out/ripp$ 9 ! social race by _m ^: dull outset promis$ him an easy victory4 ,to him :o takes = 8 guide ! necessities ( ! con/itution1 x w be obvi\s t ! modes ( treatm5t commonly resort$ to %\ld 9 su* cases be rev]s$2 & t1 in/ead ( /ra9+ to ! utmo/ ! already irritable p[]s ( ! precoci\s *ild1 leav+ 8 dull competitors to rip5 at leisure1 a sy/ematic attempt ought to be made1 f e>ly infancy1 to r\se to action ! languid faculties ( ! latt]1 :ile no pa9s %\ld be sp>$ to mod]ate & give tone to ! activity ( ! =m]4 ,b in/ead ( ?is1 ! prematurely intellig5t *ild is g5]ally s5t to s*ool1 & task$ ) lessons at an unusually e>ly age1 :ile ! heal?y b m backw>d boy1 :o requires to be /imulat$1 is kept at home 9 idl5ess m]ely on acc\nt ( 8 backw>dness4 ,a d\ble error is "h committ$1 & ! consequ5ces to ! active-m9d$ boy are n unfrequ5tly ! p]man5t loss bo? ( heal? & ( 8 envi$ sup]iority ( intellect4 ,9 speak+ ( *ildr5 ( ?is description1 ,dr4 ,brigham1 9 an excell5t little "w on ! influ5ce ( m5tal excitem5t on heal?1 rem>ks z foll[s3 ,dang]\s =ms ( scr(ul\s disease among *ildr5 h repeat$ly fall5 "u my obs]vation1 = :i* ,i c\ld n acc\nt 9 any o!r way ?an by suppos+ t ! bra9 _h be5 excit$ at ! exp5se ( ! o!r p>ts ( ! sy/em1 & at a "t 9 life :5 nature is endeavor+ to p]fect all ! organs ( ! body2 & aft] ! disease comm5c$1 ,i h se51 ) grief1 ! influ5ce ( ! same cause 9 ret>d+ or prev5t+ recov]y4 ,i h se5 sev]al affect+ & melan*oly in/ances ( *ildr51 five or six ye>s ( age1 l+]+ a :ile ) diseases f :i* ^? less gift$ readily recov]1 & at la/ dy+1 not)/&+ ! utmo/ ef=ts to re/ore !m4 ,dur+ _! sickness !y con/antly manife/$ a passion = books & m5tal excitem5t1 & 7 admir$ = ! maturity ( _! m9ds4 ,! *ance = ! recov]y ( su* precoci\s *ildr5 is1 9 my op9ion1 small :5 attack$ by disease2 & sev]al m$ical m5 h in=m$ me t _! own obs]vations _h l$ !m to =m ! same op9ion1 & h rem>k$ t1 9 two cases ( sickness1 if "o ( ! pati5ts 0 a *ild ( sup]ior & highly-cultivat$ m5tal p[]s1 & ! o!r "o equally sick1 b ^: m9d _h n be5 excit$ by /udy1 !y %\ld feel less confid5t ( ! recov]y ( ! =m] ?an ( ! latt]4 ,?is m5tal precocity results f an unnatural developm5t ( "o organ ( ! body at ! exp5se ( ! con/itution4 ,!re c be little d\bt b t ignorance on ! "p ( p>5ts & tea*]s is ! pr9cipal cause t leads to ! too e>ly & excessive cultivation ( ! m9ds ( *ildr51 & especially ( su* z are precoci\s & delicate4 ,h5ce ! necessity ( imp>t+ in/ruction on ?is subject to bo? p>5ts & tea*]s1 & to all p]sons :o are 9 any way *>g$ ) ! c>e & education ( ! "y4 ,?is necessity becomes ! m imp]ative f ! fact t ! cupidity ( au?ors & publi%]s has l$ to ! prep>ation ( *ildr5's books1 _m ( :i* are ann\nc$ z purposely prep>$ = *ildr5 f two to ?ree ye>s old6 ,i might in/ance adv]tisem5ts ( ,infant ,manuals ( ,botany1 ,geometry1 & ,a/ronomy6 ,9 n a few isolat$ families1 b 9 _m neighborhoods1 villages1 & cities1 9 v>i\s p>ts ( ! c\ntry1 *ildr5 "u ?ree ye>s ( age are n only requir$ to commit to memory _m v]ses1 texts ( ,scripture1 & /ories1 b are frequ5tly s5t to s*ool = six h\rs a day4 ,few *ildr5 are kept back lat] ?an ! age ( f\r1 unless !y reside a great di/ance f s*ool1 & "s n ev5 !n4 ,at home1 too1 !y are induc$ by all sorts ( excitem5t to le>n additional tasks1 or p]use juv5ile books & magaz9es1 till ! n]v\s sy/em becomes enfeebl$ & ! heal? brok54 ,i h myself1 says ,dr4 ,brigham1 se5 _m *ildr5 :o are suppos$ to possess almo/ miracul\s m5tal p[]s1 exp]i5c+ ^! effects & s9k+ "u !m4 ,"s ( !m di$ e>ly1 :5 b six or eight ye>s ( age1 b manife/$ to ! la/ a maturity ( und]/&+1 :i* only increas$ ! agony ( sep>ation4 ,_! m9ds1 l "s ( ! faire/ fl[]s1 7 'no soon] bl[n ?an bla/$2' o!rs h gr[n up to manhood1 b ) feeble bodies & disord]$ n]v\s sy/em1 :i* subject$ !m to hypo*ondriasis1 dyspepsy1 & all ! ,protean =ms ( n]v\s disease2 o!rs ( ! class ( e>ly prodigies exhibit 9 manhood b small m5tal p[]s1 & are ! m]e passive in/rum5ts ( ^? :o 9 e>ly life 7 acc\nt$ f> _! inf]iors4 ,?is hot-b$ sy/em ( education is n conf9$ to ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 b is practic$ less or m 9 all civiliz$ c\ntries4 ,dr4 ,combe1 ( ,scotl&1 gives an acc\nt ( "o ( ^! e>ly prodigies ^: fate he witness$4 ,! circum/ances 7 exactly su* z ^? above describ$4 ,! prematurely develop$ intellect 0 admir$1 & con/antly /imulat$ by injudici\s praise1 & by daily exhibition to e visitor :o *anc$ to call4 ,ent]ta9+ books 7 ?r[n 9 its way1 read+ by ! fireside enc\rag$1 play & ex]cise neglect$1 ! diet all[$ to be full & heat+1 & ! appetite pamp]$ by e delicacy4 ,! results 7 ! spe$y det]ioration ( a weak con/itution1 a high degree ( n]v\s s5sibility1 d]ang$ dige/ion1 disord]$ b[els1 defective nutrition1 &1 la/ly1 dea?1 at ! v "t :5 ! int]e/ excit$ by ! m5tal precocity 0 at its height4 ,su*1 h[ev]1 is ! ignorance ( ! majority ( p>5ts & tea*]s on all physiological subjects1 t :5 "o ( ^! infant prodigies dies f errone\s treatm5t1 x is n unusual to publi% a memoir ( 8 life1 t o!r p>5ts & tea*]s may see by :at means su* transc5d5t qualities 7 call$ =?4 ,dr4 ,brigham ref]s to a memoir ( ?is k9d1 9 :i* ! hi/ory ( a *ild1 ag$ f\r ye>s & elev5 mon?s1 is n>rat$ z approv$ by sev]al judici\s p]sons1 m9i/]s & o!rs1 all ( :om unit$ 9 ! reque/ t x might be publi%$1 & all agre$ 9 ! op9ion t a k ( ! mann] 9 :i* ! *ild 0 treat$1 toge!r ) ! results1 w\ld be pr(itable to bo? p>5ts & *ildr51 & a b5efit to ! cause ( education4 ,?is infant philosoph] 0 taught hymns be=e he c\ld speak pla9ly2 reason$ ) & con/antly in/ruct$ until 8 la/ illness1 :i*1 )\t any assignable cause1 put on a viol5t & unexpect$ =m1 & c>ri$ him (f6 ,z a w>n+ to o!rs n to =ce education too soon or too fa/1 ?is case may be truly pr(itable to bo? p>5ts & *ildr51 & a b5efit to ! cause ( education2 b z an example to be foll[$1 x assur$ly c n be too /rongly or too l\dly condemn$4 ,:ile ,i speak ?us /rongly1 ,i am ready to admit t infant s*ools 9 :i* physical heal? & moral tra9+ are duly att5d$ to are excell5t in/itutions1 & are p>ticul>ly advantage\s :]e p>5ts1 f want ( leisure or f o!r causes1 are unable to be/[ ^u _! *ildr5 t att5tion :i* _! t5d] ye>s require4 ,9 y\?1 too1 mu* mis*ief is done by ! long daily p]iods ( att5dance at s*ool1 & ! cont9u$ application ( m9d :i* ! ord9>y sy/em ( education requires4 ,! law ( ex]cise already m ?an once repeat$1 t long-su/a9$ action exhau/s ! vital p[]s ( an organ1 applies z well to ! bra9 z to ! muscles4 ,h5ce ! necessity ( v>y+ ! occupations ( ! "y1 & all[+ frequ5t int]vals ( active ex]cise 9 ! op5 air1 in/ead ( en=c+ ! cont9u$ conf9em5t n[ s common4 ,?is exclusive att5tion to m5tal culture fails1 z might be expect$1 ev5 9 its ess5tial object2 = all exp]i5ce %[s t1 ) a rational di/ribution ( employm5t & ex]cise1 a *ild w make great] progress 9 a giv5 p]iod ?an 9 d\ble ! "t employ$ 9 cont9u\s m5tal ex]tion4 ,if ! human be+ 7 made up ( no?+ b a bra9 & n]v\s sy/em1 we might d well to cont5t ourselves ) s$5t>y pursuits1 & to conf9e our att5tion entirely to ! m9d4 ,b :5 we le>n f obs]vation t we h num]\s o!r important organs ( motion1 sanguification1 dige/ion1 circulation1 & nutrition1 all dem&+ ex]cise 9 ! op5 air1 z alike ess5tial to _! own heal? & to t ( ! n]v\s sy/em1 x is worse ?an folly to %ut our eyes to ! tru?1 & to act z if we c\ld1 by d5y+ x1 alt] ! con/itution ( nature1 & !reby escape ! consequ5ces ( our own misconduct4 ,reason & exp]i5ce be+ ?us set at naught by bo? p>5ts & tea*]s 9 ! education ( _! *ildr51 "y p naturally gr[ up ) ! notion t no su* influ5ces z ! laws ( organization exi/1 & t !y may foll[ any c\rse ( life :i* incl9ation leads !m to pref] )\t injury to heal?1 provid$ !y avoid :at is call$ dissipation4 ,x is ow+ to ?is ignorance t "y m5 ( a /udi\s or lit]>y habit ent] he$lessly ^u an am\nt ( m5tal ex]tion1 unalleviat$ by bodily ex]cise or int]vals ( repose1 :i* is q incompatible ) ! cont9u$ enjoym5t ( a s\nd m9d 9 a s\nd body4 ,su*1 h[ev]1 is ! effect ( ! total neglect ( all in/ruction 9 ! laws ( ! organic frame dur+ e>ly education1 t x becomes almo/ impossible effectually to w>n an ard5t /ud5t aga9/ ! dang]s to :i* he is con/antly expos+ himself4 ,no?+ b actual exp]i5ce w conv9ce him ( ! tru?4 ,num]\s are ! in/ances 9 :i* "y m5 ( ! fir/ promise h almo/ totally disqualifi$ !mselves = future useful ex]tion 9 consequ5ce ( long-protract$ & sev]e /udy1 :o1 "u a m rational sy/em ( education1 might h atta9$ t em95ce1 ! injudici\s pursuit ( :i* has defeat$ _! own mo/ *]i%$ hopes1 & ru9$ _! g5]al heal?4 ,su* p]sons might be sav$ to !mselves & to society by e>ly in/ruction 9 ! nature & laws ( ! animal economy4 ,!y mean well1 b err f ignorance m ?an f head/rong zeal4 ,i %all conclude ?is *apt] ) a few rules relat+ to m5tal ex]cise1 & ! developm5t & culture ( ! m9d & bra94 ,x is a law ( ! animal economy t two classes ( functions c n be call$ into vigor\s action at ! same "t )\t "o or ! o!r1 or bo?1 soon] or lat] su/a9+ injury4 ,h5ce ! important rule nev] to ent] ^u cont9u$ m5tal ex]tion or to r\se deep feel+ imm$iately aft] a full meal1 o!rwise ! activity ( ! bra9 is sure to int]f]e ) t ( ! /oma*1 & disord] its functions4 ,ev5 9 a p]fectly heal?y p]son1 unwelcome news1 sudd5 anxiety1 or m5tal excitem5t1 occurr+ aft] eat+1 w put an entire /op to dige/ion1 & cause ! /oma* to loa! ! sight ( food4 ,9 accordance ) ?is rule1 we le>n by exp]i5ce t ! v wor/ =ms ( indige/ion & n]v\s depression are ^? :i* arise f excessive m5tal application1 or turmoil ( feel+ & di/raction ( m9d1 conjo9$ ) unre/ra9$ indulg5ce 9 ! pleasures ( ! table4 ,9 su* circum/ances1 ! /oma* & bra9 react ^u & di/urb ea* o!r1 till all ! horrors ( n]v\s disease make _! unwelcome appe>ance1 & r5d] life mis]able4 ,! t5d5cy to inactivity & sleep1 :i* besets mo/ animals aft] a full meal1 %[s repose to be1 9 su* circum/ances1 ! evid5t int5tion ( ,nature4 ,! bad effects ( violat+ ?is rule1 al?\gh n 9 all cases imm$iately app>5t1 w mo/ assur$ly be manife/ at a p]iod less or m remote4 ,dr4 ,caldwell1 :o has devot$ mu* "t & tal5t to ! diffusion ( s\nd physiological in=mation & ! g5]al improvem5t ( ! race1 & ^: opportunities ( obs]vation h be5 v ext5sive1 expressly /ates1 t dyspepsy & madness prevail m ext5sively 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates ?an among ! p ( any o!r nation4 ,( ! am\nt ( our dyspeptics1 he says1 no e/imate c be =m$2 b x is imm5se4 ,:e!r we inquire 9 cities1 t[ns1 villages1 or c\ntry places2 among ! ri*1 ! poor1 or ^? 9 mod]ate circum/ances1 we f9d dyspepsy m or less preval5t ?r\gh\t ! l&4 ,! e>ly "p ( ! day is ! be/ "t = sev]e m5tal ex]tion4 ,nature has allott$ ! d>kness ( night = repose1 & = ! re/oration by sleep ( ! exhau/$ en]gies ( bo? body & m9d4 ,if /udy or composition be ard5tly engag$ 9 t[>d ! close ( ! day1 & especially at a late h\r ( ! ev5+1 s\nd & invigorat+ sleep may n be expect$ until ! night is f> sp5t1 = ! increas$ action ( ! bra9 :i* always accompanies activity ( m9d requires a long "t to subside4 ,p]sons :o practice night /udy1 if !y be at all ( an irritable habit ( body1 w be sleepless = h\rs aft] go+ to b$1 & be torm5t$ p]haps by unpleasant dreams1 :i* w r5d] _! sleep unrefre%+4 ,if ?is practice be long cont9u$1 ! want ( refre%+ repose w ultimately induce a /ate ( morbid irritability ( ! n]v\s sy/em bord]+ on insanity4 ,x is !re=e ( great advantage to engage 9 sev]] /udies e>ly 9 ! day1 & to devote ! aft] "p ( ! day & ! ev5+ to less int5se application4 ,x w be well to devote a portion ( ! ev5+1 & especially ! latt] "p ( x1 to light read+1 music1 or *e]ful & amus+ conv]sation4 ,! excitem5t induc$ 9 ! bra9 by previ\s /udy w be soo!d by ^! influ5ces1 & w m readily subside1 & s\nd & refre%+ sleep w be mu* m likely to foll[4 ,?is rule is ( ! utmo/ importance to ^? :o are oblig$ to p]=m a great am\nt ( m5tal labor4 ,x is only by con=m+ to x1 & devot+ _! morn+s to /udy & _! ev5+s to relaxation1 t _m ( our mo/ prolific writ]s h be5 enabl$ to pres]ve _! heal?4 ,by neglect+ ?is rule1 o!rs ( ! faire/ promise h be5 cut d[n 9 ! mid/ ( _! usefulness4 ,regul>ity is ( great importance 9 ! developm5t & culture ( ! moral & intellectual p[]s1 ! t5d5cy to resume ! same mode ( action at /at$ times be+ peculi>ly ! *>act]i/ic ( ! n]v\s sy/em4 ,x is ?is pr9ciple ( our nature :i* promotes ! =mation ( :at are call$ habits4 ,by repeat+ any k9d ( m5tal ef=t e day at ! same h\r1 we at l5g? f9d ourselves ent]+ ^u x1 )\t prem$itation1 :5 ! "t approa*es4 ,9 l mann]1 by arrang+ our /udies 9 accordance ) ?is law1 & tak+ up ea* regul>ly 9 ! same ord]1 a natural aptitude is soon produc$1 :i* r5d]s application m easy ?an x w\ld be 7 we to take up ! subjects z accid5t might dictate4 ,! t5d5cy to p]iodical & associat$ activity sometimes becomes s /rong1 t ! faculties seem to g ?r\gh _! op]ations almo/ )\t consci\s ef=t1 :ile _! facility ( action becomes s mu* increas$ z ultimately to give un]r+ c]ta9ty :]e at fir/ great difficulty 0 exp]i5c$4 ,x is n s mu* ! s\l or ab/ract pr9ciple ( m9d :i* is ?us *ang$1 z ! organic m$ium ?r\gh :i* m9d is de/9$ to act 9 ! pres5t mode ( be+4 ,! necessity ( judici\s repetition 9 m5tal & moral education is1 9 fact1 too little adv]t$ to1 because ! pr9ciple on :i* x is effectual has n hi!rto be5 g5]ally und]/ood4 ,practice is z necess>y to induce facility ( action 9 ! organs ( ! m9d z 9 ^? ( motion4 ,! idea or feel+ mu/ n only be communicat$1 b x mu/ be repres5t$ & reproduc$ 9 diff]5t =ms till all ! faculties conc]n$ 9 und]/&+ x come to "w effici5tly toge!r 9 ! conception ( x1 & until a suffici5t impression is made ^u ! organ ( m9d to enable ! latt] to reta9 x4 ,s]vants & o!rs are frequ5tly blam$ = n do+ a ?+ at regul> int]vals :5 !y h be5 b once told to d s4 ,we le>n1 h[ev]1 f ! organic laws1 t x is presumptu\s to expect ! =mation ( a habit f a s+le act1 & t we mu/ reproduce ! associat$ activity ( ! requisite faculties _m times be=e ! result w c]ta9ly foll[1 j z we mu/ repeat ! movem5t 9 danc+ or skat+ _m times be=e we become ma/] ( x4 ,we may und]/& a new subject by a s+le p]usal1 b we c fully ma/] x only by dwell+ ^u x aga9 & aga94 ,9 ord] to make a durable impression on ! m9d1 repetition is necess>y4 ,x foll[s1 h5ce1 t 9 le>n+ a language or sci5ce1 six successive mon?s ( application w be m effectual 9 fix+ x indelibly 9 ! m9d1 & mak+ x a "p ( ! m5tal furniture1 ?an d\ble or ev5 treble ! "t if ! lessons are int]rupt$ by long int]vals4 ,! too common practice ( beg9n+ a /udy1 &1 aft] pursu+ x a little "t1 leav+ x to be complet$ at a lat] p]iod1 is unphilosophical & v injuri\s4 ,! fatigue ( /udy is ?us d\bl$1 & ! success greatly dim9i%$4 ,/udies %\ld n1 z a g5]al ?+1 be ent]$ ^u until ! m9d is suffici5tly mature to und]/& !m ?or\ghly1 &1 :5 begun1 !y %\ld n be discont9u$ until !y are completely ma/]$4 ,by ?is means ! m9d becomes accu/om$ to s\nd & heal?y action1 :i* alone c qualify ! /ud5t = em95t usefulness 9 aft] life4 ,mu* ( ! want ( success 9 ! v>i\s dep>tm5ts ( indu/ry1 & _m ( ! failures t are con/antly occurr+ among bus9ess m51 are ju/ly attributable to ! fits ( att5tion & ! irregul> modes ( /udy !y became habituat$ to 9 _! s*ool-boy days4 ,h5ce ! mis*ief ( long vacations1 & ! evil ( beg9n+ /udies be=e ! age at :i* !y may be und]/ood4 ,p>5ts & tea*]s %\ld h5ce1 at an e>ly p]iod1 impress indelibly ^u ! m9ds ( _! *ildr5 & pupils ! ev] true & practical s5tim5t1 t :at is wor? do+ at all is wor? do+ well4 ,al?\gh1 at fir/1 _! progress may seem to be ret>d$ !reby1 /ill1 9 ! end1 x w contribute greatly to accel]ate _! real advancem5t1 & 9 aft] life1 :e!r employ$ 9 lit]>y or bus9ess pursuits1 w be a means ( augm5t+ _! happ9ess & increas+ _! prospect ( success 9 :atev] dep>tm5t ( labor !y may be engag$4 ,9 physical education mo/ p]sons seem well aw>e ( ! advantages ( repetition4 ,!y "k1 = in/ance1 t if practice 9 danc+1 f5c+1 skat+1 & rid+ is p]sev]$ 9 = a suffici5t l5g? ( "t to give ! muscles ! requisite promptitude & h>mony ( action1 ! p[] w be ev] aft]w>d reta9$1 al?\gh r>ely call$ into use4 ,b if we /op %ort ( ?is po9t1 we may reit]ate practice by fits & />ts )\t any proportional advancem5t4 ,! same pr9ciple is equally applicable to ! moral & intellectual p[]s :i* op]ate by means ( mat]ial organs4 ,! impossibility ( successfully play+ ! hypocrite = any consid]able l5g? ( "t1 & ! necessity ( be+ 9 private :at we wi% to appe> 9 public1 spr+ f ! same rule4 ,if we wi% to be ourselves polite1 j1 k9d1 & sociable1 or to induce o!rs to become s1 we mu/ act habitually "u ! influ5ce ( ! correspond+ s5tim5ts1 9 ! dome/ic circle1 9 ! s*ool-room1 & 9 e-day life1 z well z 9 ! company ( /rang]s & on great occasions4 ,x is ! private & daily practice ( individuals t gives ready activity to ! s5tim5ts & m>ks ! real "*4 ,if p>5ts or tea*]s indulge habitually 9 vulg>ities ( spee* & behavior 9 ! family or 9 ! s*ool1 & put on polit5ess occasionally = ! reception & ent]ta9m5t ( /rang]s1 _! true "* w %9e ?r\gh ! mask :i* is int5d$ to conceal x4 ,! habitual association to :i* ! organs & faculties h be5 accu/om$ c n ?us be controll$4 ,p>5ts h5ce1 9 addition to correct p]sonal influ5ce 9 ! family1 %\ld provide = _! *ildr5 tea*]s ^: habits & "* are 9 all respects :at !y are will+ _! *ildr5 %\ld =m4 ,if !y neglect to d ?is1 ! utmo/ !y c reasonably expect is t _! *ildr5 w become :at ! tea*] is4 ,! pr9ciple t repetition is necess>y 9 ord] to make a durable impression on ! organ ( ! m9d1 & ?us con/itute a m5tal habit1 expla9s h[ natural end[m5ts are modifi$ by ext]nal situation4 ,! ext5t to :i* ?is modification may be c>ri$1 & is actually c>ri$ 9 e community1 is mu* great] ?an mo/ p]sons are aw>e (4 ,take a *ild1 = example1 ( av]age prop5sities1 s5tim5ts1 & intellect1 & place him among a class ( p 9 :om ! selfi% faculties are exclusively ex]cis$--a class :o reg>d ga9 z ! end ( life1 & look ^u cunn+ & *eat+ z legitimate means1 & :o nev] express disapprobation or moral indignation aga9/ ei!r crime or selfi%ness--& 8 l[] faculties1 be+ exclusively ex]cis$1 w increase 9 /r5g?1 :ile ! high] ones1 rema9+ unemploy$1 w become enfeebl$4 ,a *ild ?us situat$ w1 consequ5tly1 n only act z ^? ar\nd him d1 b ins5sibly gr[ up resembl+ !m 9 disposition & "*2 =1 by ! law ( repetition1 ! organs ( ! selfi% qualities w h acquir$ proportionally great] aptitude & vigor1 j z d ! muscles ( ! f5c] or danc]4 ,b suppose ! same individual plac$1 f infancy1 9 ! society ( a sup]iorly end[$ moral & intellectual p1 ! moral faculties w !n be habitually excit$1 & _! organs invigorat$ by repetition1 till a great] aptitude w be induc$ 9 !m1 or1 9 o!r words1 till a high] moral "* w be =m$4 ,! natural end[m5ts ( individuals set limits to ^! modifications ( "*2 b :]e orig9al dispositions & t5d5cies are n /rongly m>k$1 ! range is v wide4 ,9 ! cultivation ( ! bra9 & m5tal faculties1 ea* organ %\ld be ex]cis$ directly ^u its own appropriate objects1 & n m]ely r\s$ or address$ ?r\gh ! m$ium ( ano!r organ4 ,:5 we wi% to tea* ! graceful & rapid evolutions ( f5c+1 we d n cont5t ourselves ) m]ely giv+ directions1 b our *ief att5tion is employ$ 9 mak+ ! muscles !mselves g ?r\gh ! evolutions1 till1 by frequ5t repetition & correction1 !y acquire ! requisite quickness & precision ( action4 ,s1 :5 we wi% to tea* music1 we d n m]ely address ! und]/&+ & expla9 ! qualities ( s\nds4 ,we tra9 ! e> to an att5tive discrim9ation ( ^! s\nds1 & ! h& or ! vocal organs1 z ! case may be1 to ! reproduction ( ! motions :i* call !m into exi/5ce4 ,we foll[ ?is plan1 because ! laws ( organization require ! direct practice ( ! organs conc]n$1 & we feel in/9ctively t we c succe$ only by obey+ ^! laws4 ,! purely m5tal faculties are connect$ dur+ life ) mat]ial organs1 & are h5ce subject$ to precisely ! same laws4 ,if1 !re=e1 we wi% to improve ^! faculties--! reason+ p[]s1 = example--we mu/ ex]cise !m regul>ly 9 trac+ ! cause & relations ( ?+s4 ,9 l mann]1 if our aim is ! developm5t ( ! s5tim5ts ( atta*m5t1 b5evol5ce1 ju/ice1 or respect1 we mu/ ex]cise ea* ( !m directly & = its own sake1 o!rwise nei!r x nor its organ w ev] acquire promptitude or /r5g?4 ,x is ! bra91 or organ ( ! m9d1 m ?an ! ab/ract immat]ial pr9ciple itself1 t requires cultivation1 or c1 inde$1 receive x 9 ?is life4 ,education h5ce op]ates inv>iably 9 subjection to ! laws ( organization4 ,9 improv+ ! ext]nal s5ses1 we admit ?is pr9ciple readily en\gh2 b :5 we come to ! int]nal faculties ( ?\ght & feel+1 x is ei!r d5i$ or neglect$4 ,t ! sup]ior quickness ( t\*1 sight1 & he>+1 consequ5t ^u judici\s ex]cise1 is ref]able to increas$ facility ( action 9 _! appropriate organs1 is readily admitt$4 ,b :5 we expla91 on ! same pr9ciple1 ! sup]ior developm5t ( ! reason+ p[]s1 or ! great] w>m? ( feel+ produc$ by simil> ex]cise 9 ^! & o!r int]nal faculties1 few are incl9$ to li/5 to our proposition1 or all[ to x half ! weight or att5tion its importance dem&s1 al?\gh e fact 9 philosophy & exp]i5ce concurs 9 support+ x4 ,we see ! m5tal p[]s ( feel+ & ( ?\ght unfold+ !mselves 9 infancy & y\? 9 exact accordance ) ! progress ( ! organization4 ,we see !m p]v]t$ or susp5d$ by ! sudd5 inroad ( disease4 ,we sometimes obs]ve e previ\s acquirem5t oblit]at$ f ! adult m9d by fev] or by accid5t1 leav+ education to be comm5c$ anew1 z if x _h nev] be52 & yet1 ) all ^! evid5ces ( ! organic influ5ce1 ! proposition t ! e/abli%$ laws ( physiology1 z appli$ to ! bra91 %\ld be consid]$ our be/ & sure/ guide 9 education1 seems to _m a novelty4 ,among ! num]\s treatises on education1 !re are v few volumes 9 :i* x is ev5 h9t$ t ^! laws h ! slighte/ influ5ce ov] ei!r intellectual or moral improvem5t4 ,z ,god has giv5 u bones & muscles1 & blood-vessels & n]ves1 = ! purpose ( be+ us$1 let u n despise ! gift1 b cons5t at once to turn !m to acc\nt1 & to reap heal? & vigor z ! rew>d :i* he has associat$ ) mod]ate labor4 ,z he has giv5 u lungs to brea! ) & blood to circulate1 let u at once & =ev] ab&on ! folly ( %utt+ ourselves up ) little int]mission1 :e!r engag$ 9 /udy or o!r s$5t>y occupations1 & cons5t to inhale1 copi\sly & freely1 t :olesome atmosph]e :i* 8 b5evol5ce has spread ar\nd u 9 su* ri* pr(usion4 ,z he has giv5 u appetites & organs ( dige/ion1 let u pr(it by 8 b\nty1 & e>n _! enjoym5t by heal?ful ex]cise 9 "s dep>tm5t ( productive indu/ry4 ,z he has giv5 u a moral & a social nature1 :i* is invigorat$ by activity1 & impair$ by solitude & re/ra9t1 let u cultivate good feel+s1 & act t[>d ea* o!r on pr9ciples ( k9dness1 ju/ice1 =be>ance1 & mutual assi/ance2 & z he has giv5 u intellect1 let u ex]cise x 9 seek+ a k ( 8 works & ( 8 laws1 & 9 trac+ out ! relation 9 :i* we /& t[>d him1 t[>d our fell[-m51 & t[>d ! v>i\s objects ( ! ext]nal _w4 ,9 s do+1 we may be well assur$ we %all f9d a rew>d a ?\s& times m ri* & pure1 yea1 inf9itely m delightful & endur+1 ?an we c hope to exp]i5ce 9 foll[+ our own bl9d devices1 reg>dless ( 8 w & b5evol5t int5tions t[>d u4 ,,*apt] ,,vi4 ,,! ,,education ,,( ,,! ,,five ,,s5ses4 ,if ! eye be ob/ruct$1 ! e> op5s wide its portals1 & he>s y\r v emotions 9 ! v>y+ tones ( y\r voice2 if ! e> be /opp$1 ! quick5$ eye w almo/ read ! words z !y fall f y\r lips2 & if bo? be close seal$ up1 ! :ole body becomes l a s5sitive plant--! quick5$ sk9 p]ceives ! v vibrations ( ! air1 & y may ev5 write y\r ?\ghts ^u x1 & receive answ]s f ! s5ti5t s\l )94--,,annual ,,report ( ! ,tru/ees ( ! ,p]k9s ,in/itution & ,massa*usetts ,asylum = ! ,bl9d1 #ahda4 ,he :o =m$ man ( ! du/ ( ! e>?1 & brea!d into 8 no/rils ! brea? ( life1 has honor$ 8 mat]ial organs by associat+ !m ) ! immat]ial s\l4 ,9 ?is life ! s5ses con/itute ! great conveyances ( k to ! human m9d4 ,x !n becomes n only a legitimate object ( inquiry1 b "o :i* comm5ds itself to e human be+1 & especially to e p>5t & tea*]1 ,c ^! s5ses be improv$ by human int]f]5ce8 ,& if s1 h[ c t improvem5t be be/ effect$8 ,! s5ses are ! int]pret]s betwe5 ! mat]ial univ]se )\t & ! _s )94 ,)\t ! cele/ial ma*9]y ( s5sation1 man mu/ h ev] rema9$ :at ,adam 0 be=e ! ,almighty brea!d into 8 =m ( clay ! awak5+ brea? ( life4 ,! dormant en]gies ( ! m9d c be ar\s$1 & ! s\l c be put into my/]i\s communion ) ext]nal nature only by ! magical p[] ( s5sation4 ,! possession ( all ! corporeal s5ses1 & _! sy/ematic & judici\s culture by all prop] appliances1 are necess>y 9 ord] to place man 9 su* a relation to ! mat]ial univ]se & its great ,ar*itect z mo/ fully & successfully to cultivate ! v>i$ capabilities ( 8 nature1 & be/ to subs]ve ! purposes ( 8 creation4 ,he :o is depriv$ ( ! heal?ful ex]cise ( "o or m ( 8 s5ses1 or1 possess+ !m all unimpair$1 has neglect$ _! prop] culture1 is1 f ! nature ( ! case1 9 a proportionate degree cut (f f a k ( ,god z manife/$ 9 8 works1 & f t happ9ess :i* is ! legitimate fruit ( su* k4 ,mu* light has be5 ?r[n ^u ?is subject )9 a few ye>s by ! judici\s labors ( t class ( practical educators :o h devot$ _! lives to ! amelioration ( ! condition ( p]sons depriv$ ( "o or m ( ! s5ses4 ,x is difficult to conceive ! real condition ( ! m9ds ( p]sons ?us situat$1 & especially :ile !y rema9 un$ucat$4 ,he :o is depriv$ ( ! s5se ( sight has ! w9d[s ( 8 s\l clos$1 & is effectually %ut out f ?is _w ( light & beauty4 ,9 l mann]1 he :o is depriv$ ( ! s5se ( he>+ is exclud$ f ! _w ( music & ( spee*4 ,:at1 !n1 mu/ be ! condition ( p]sons depriv$ ( bo? ( ^! s5ses8 ,h[ desolate & *e]less6 ,yet "s su* !re are4 ,:ile on a visit to ! ,asylum = ! ,bl9d1 9 ,bo/on1 a few mon?s ago1 ,i met two ( ?is un=tunate class ( p]sons--,laura ,bridgman & ,oliv] ,caswell4 ,laura has be5 sev]al ye>s connect$ ) ! in/itution4 ,,laura ,,bridgman1 ! ,deaf1 ,dumb1 & ,bl9d ,girl4--,s rem>kable is ! case ( ?is int]e/+ girl1 s full ( int]e/1 s replete ) in/ruction1 & 9 e way s admirably adapt$ to illu/rate ! subject ( ?is *apt]1 t ,i proce$ to give to my read]s a sket* ( ! me?od pursu$ 9 h] in/ruction1 toge!r ) ! results att5dant ^u x4 ,my in=mation 9 relation to h] is d]iv$ f bo? p]sonal acqua9tance & ! reports ( h] case1 ?\gh pr9cipally f ! latt] s\rce4 ,laura 0 born 9 ,hanov]1 ,new ,hamp%ire1 on ! #ba/ ( ,decemb]1 #ahbi4 ,%e is describ$ z hav+ be5 a v sprightly & pretty infant4 ,dur+ ! fir/ ye>s ( h] exi/5ce %e held h] life by ! feeble/ t5ure1 be+ subject to sev]e fits1 :i* seem$ to rack h] frame almo/ beyond ! p[] ( endurance4 ,at ! age ( f\r ye>s h] bodily heal? seem$ re/or$2 b :at a situation 0 h]s6 ,! d>kness & sil5ce ( ! tomb 7 ar\nd h]4 ,no "m's smile call$ =? h] answ]+ smile4 ,no fa!r's voice taught h] to imitate 8 s\nds4 ,to h]1 bro!rs & si/]s 7 b =ms ( matt] :i* resi/$ h] t\*1 b :i* h>dly diff]$ f ! furniture ( ! h\se save 9 w>m? & 9 ! p[] ( locomotion1 & n ev5 9 ^! respects f ! dog & ! cat4 ,b ! immortal _s implant$ )9 h] c\ld n die1 nor c\ld x be maim$ or mutilat$2 &1 ?\gh mo/ ( its av5ues ( communication ) ! _w 7 cut (f1 x began to manife/ itself ?r\gh ! o!rs4 ,z soon z %e c\ld walk1 %e began to explore ! room1 & !n ! h\se4 ,%e ?us soon became famili> ) ! =m1 d5sity1 weight1 & heat ( e article %e c\ld lay h] h&s ^u4 ,%e foll[$ h] "m1 & felt ( h] h&s & arms1 z %e 0 occupi$ ab\t ! h\se1 & h] disposition to imitate l$ h] to repeat e ?+ h]self4 ,%e ev5 le>n$ to sew a little & to knit4 ,h] affections1 too1 began to exp&1 & seem$ to be lavi%$ ^u ! memb]s ( h] family ) peculi> =ce4 ,b ! means ( communication ) h] 7 v limit$4 ,%e c\ld be told to g to a place only by be+ pu%$1 or to come to "o by a sign ( draw+ h]4 ,patt+ h] g5tly on ! head signifi$ approbation1 on ! back disapprobation4 ,%e %[$ e disposition to le>n1 & manife/ly began to use a natural language ( h] own4 ,%e _h a sign to express h] idea ( ea* memb] ( ! family1 z draw+ h] f+]s d[n ea* side ( h] face to allude to ! :isk]s ( "o1 twirl+ h] h& ar\nd 9 imitation ( ! motion ( a sp9n+-:eel = ano!r1 & s on4 ,b1 al?\gh ,laura receiv$ all ! aid a k9d "m c\ld be/[1 %e soon began to give pro( ( ! importance ( language 9 ! developm5t ( human "*4 ,by ! "t %e 0 sev5 ye>s old ! moral effects ( h] privation began to appe>1 = !re 0 no way ( controll+ h] w b by ! absolute p[] ( ano!r1 & at ?is humanity revolts4 ,at ?is "t1 ,dr4 ,samuel ,g4 ,h[e1 ! di/+ui%$ & successful director ( ! asylum1 le>n$ ( h] situation1 & ha/5$ to see h]4 ,he f\nd h] ) a well-=m$ figure1 a /rongly-m>k$ n]v\s-sangu9e temp]am5t1 a l>ge & beautifully %ap$ head1 & ! :ole sy/em 9 heal?y action4 ,"h seem$ a r>e opportunity ( try+ a plan = ! education ( a deaf & bl9d p]son1 :i* ! doctor _h =m$ on see+ ,julia ,brace at ,h>t=d4 ,! p>5ts readily cons5t$ to h] go+ to ! in/itution 9 ,bo/on1 :]e ,laura 0 receiv$ 9 ,octob]1 #ahcg1 j be=e %e _h complet$ h] eigh? ye>4 ,= a :ile %e 0 mu* bewild]$4 ,aft] wait+ ab\t two weeks1 & until %e became acqua9t$ ) h] new locality1 & some:at famili> ) ! inmates1 ! attempt 0 made to give h] a k ( arbitr>y signs1 by :i* %e c\ld int]*ange ?\ghts ) o!rs4 ,"o ( two me?ods 0 to be adopt$4 ,ei!r ! language ( signs1 on ! basis ( ! natural language %e _h already comm5c$ h]self1 0 to be built up1 or x rema9$ to tea* h] ! purely arbitr>y language 9 common use4 ,! =m] w\ld h be5 easy1 b v ineffectual4 ,! latt]1 al?\gh v difficult1 if accompli%$1 w\ld prove va/ly sup]ior4 ,x 0 !re=e det]m9$ ^u4 ,! bl9d le>n to read by means ( rais$ lett]s1 :i* !y ga9 a k ( by ! s5se ( feel+4 ,! ends ( ! f+]s1 re/+ ^u ! rais$ lett]s1 ?us con/itute1 9 "p1 ! eyes ( ! bl9d4 ,?is1 al?\gh app>5tly difficult1 becomes comp>atively easy :5 ! bl9d p]son possesses ! s5se ( he>+1 & is ?us enabl$ to become acqua9t$ ) spok5 language4 ,on ! contr>y1 ! deaf1 & consequ5tly dumb1 are unable to acquire a k ( spok5 language s z to use x ) any degree ( success4 ,9 _! education1 h5ce1 ! language ( signs1 :i* c be address$ to ! eye1 is sub/itut$ = spok5 language4 ,9 communicat+ ) "o ano!r1 by means ( ! manual alphabet1 !y sub/itute positions ( ! h&1 :i* !y c bo? make & see1 = lett]s & words1 :i* !y c nei!r pron\nce nor he>4 ,to be depriv$ ( ei!r sight or he>+ 0 =m]ly reg>d$ z an almo/ insup]able ob/acle 9 ! way ( education4 ,p]sons depriv$ ( bo? ^! s5ses h h]et(ore be5 consid]$ by high legal au?orities1#bc z well z by public op9ion1 z occupy+1 ( necessity1 a /ate ( irresponsible & irrecov]able idiocy4 ,by ! education ( ! rema9+ s5ses1 h[ev]1 ?is =midable & h]et(ore insup]able b>ri] has be5 ov]leap$1 or1 r1 ! ob/acle has be5 met & ov]come4 ,! exp]im5t has be5 successfully tri$1 once & aga91 9 our own c\ntry4 ,! deaf & bl9d mute has n only acquir$ a k ( read+ & writ+1 & ( ! common bran*es ( education1 b has be5 enabl$ successfully to prosecute ! /udy ( natural philosophy1 ( m5tal sci5ce1 & ( geometry4 ,! accompli%m5t ( all ?is has result$ f ! successful cultivation ( ! s5se ( t\* or ( feel+4 ,! rais$ lett] ( ! bl9d has be5 us$ = writt5 language1 & ! manual language ( ! mute1 tak5 by ! f+]-eyes ( ! bl9d1 has be5 successfully sub/itut$ = spok5 language4 #bc ,a man is n an idiot if he ha? any glimm]+ ( reason1 s t he c tell 8 p>5ts1 8 age1 or ! l matt]s4 ,b a man :o is born deaf1 dumb1 & bl9d1 is look$ ^u by ! law z 9 ! same /ate ) an idiot1 he be+ suppos$ incapable ( any und]/&+1 z want+ all ! s5ses :i* furni% ! human m9d ) ideas4--,black/one's ,comm5t>ies1 vol4 i41 p4 #cjd4 ,laura's m9d dwelt 9 d>kness & sil5ce4 ,9 ord]1 !re=e1 to communicate to h] a k ( ! arbitr>y language 9 common use1 x 0 necess>y to comb9e ! me?ods ( in/ruct+ ! bl9d & ! deaf4 ,! fir/ exp]im5ts 9 in/ruct+ h] 7 made by tak+ articles 9 common use1 su* z knives1 =ks1 spoons1 keys1 etc41 & pa/+ ^u !m labels ) _! names pr9t$ 9 rais$ lett]s4 ,^! %e felt ( v c>efully1 & soon1 ( c\rse1 di/+ui%$ t ! crook$ l9es spoon diff]$ z mu* f ! crook$ l9es key1 z ! spoon diff]$ f ! key 9 =m4 ,small deta*$ labels1 ) ! same words pr9t$ ^u !m1 7 !n put into h] h&s1 & %e soon obs]v$ t !y 7 simil> to ^? pa/$ on ! articles4 ,%e %[$ h] p]ception ( ?is simil>ity by lay+ ! label key ^u ! key1 & ! label spoon ^u ! spoon4 ,:5 ?is 0 done %e 0 enc\rag$ by ! natural sign ( approbation--patt+ on ! head4 ,! same process 0 !n repeat$ ) all ! articles :i* %e c\ld h&le1 & %e v easily le>n$ to place ! prop] labels ^u !m4 ,aft] a :ile1 in/ead ( labels1 ! individual lett]s 7 giv5 to h]1 on deta*$ bits ( pap]4 ,^! 7 at fir/ arrang$ side by side1 s z to spell book1 key1 c4 ,!y 7 !n mix$ up1 & a sign 0 made = h] to arrange !m h]self1 s z to express ! words book1 key1 etc41 & %e did s4 ,! process ( in/ruction1 hi!rto1 _h be5 me*anical1 & ! success att5d+ x ab\t z great z t 9 tea*+ a v kn[+ dog a v>iety ( tricks4 ,! poor *ild sat 9 mute amazem5t1 & pati5tly imitat$ e ?+ h] tea*] did4 ,pres5tly ! tru? began to fla% ^u h]2 h] intellect began to "w2 %e p]ceiv$ t "h 0 a way by :i* %e c\ld h]self make up a sign ( any ?+ t 0 9 h] own m9d1 & %[ x to ano!r m9d1 & at once h] c\nt5ance light$ up ) a human expression6 h] immortal _s eag]ly seiz+ ^u a new l9k ( union ) o!r spirits6 ,dr4 ,h[e says he c\ld almo/ fix ^u ! mom5t :5 ?is tru? dawn$ ^u h] m9d & spread its light to h] c\nt5ance4 ,he saw at once t no?+ b pati5t & p]sev]+1 b judici\s ef=ts 7 ne$$ 9 h] in/ruction1 & t ^! w\ld mo/ assur$ly be cr[n$ ) success4 ,x is difficult to =m a j conception ( ! am\nt ( labor be/[$ ^u ,laura ?us f>4 ,9 communicat+ ) h]1 spok5 language c\ld n be us$1 = %e 0 de/itute ( he>+4 ,nei!r are signs ( any use :5 address$ to ! eyes ( ! bl9d4 ,:51 !re=e1 x 0 said t a sign 0 made1 we are to und]/& by x t ! action 0 p]=m$ by h] tea*]1 %e feel+ ( 8 h&s1 & !n imitat+ ! motion4 ,! next /ep 9 ! process ( h] in/ruction 0 to procure a set ( metal types1 ) ! diff]5t lett]s ( ! alphabet ca/ ^u _! ends2 also a bo>d1 9 :i* 7 squ>e holes1 into :i* %e c\ld set ! types s t ! lett]s on ! end c\ld alone be felt above ! surface4 ,!n1 on any article be+ h&$ to h] ^: "n %e _h le>n$--a p5cil or a wat*1 = in/ance--%e w\ld select ! compon5t lett]s & arrange !m on h] bo>d1 & read !m ) app>5t pleasure4 ,:5 %e _h be5 ex]cis$ 9 ?is way = sev]al weeks1 & until h] k ( words _h become consid]ably ext5sive1 ! important /ep 0 tak5 ( tea*+ h] h[ to repres5t ! diff]5t lett]s by ! position ( h] f+]s1 in/ead ( ! cumbr\s app>atus ( ! bo>d & types4 ,?is %e accompli%$ spe$ily & easily1 = h] intellect _h begun to "w 9 aid ( h] tea*]1 & h] progress 0 rapid4 ,six mon?s aft] ,laura _h left home h] "m w5t to visit h]4 ,! sc5e ( _! meet+ 0 full ( int]e/4 ,! "m /ood "s "t gaz+ ) ov]fl[+ eyes ^u h] un=tunate *ild1 :o1 all unconsci\s ( h] pres5ce1 0 play+ ab\t ! room4 ,pres5tly ,laura ran aga9/ h]1 & at once began feel+ ( h] h&s1 exam9+ h] dress1 & try+ to f9d out if %e knew h]2 b1 n succe$+ 9 ?is1 %e turn$ away z f a /rang]1 & ! poor woman c\ld n conceal ! pang %e felt at f9d+ h] belov$ *ild did n "k h]4 ,%e !n gave ,laura a /r+ ( beads :i* %e us$ to we> at home4 ,^! 7 at once recogniz$ by ! *ild1 :o gave satisfactory indications t %e und]/ood !y 7 f home4 ,! "m n[ tri$ to c>ess h]2 b ,laura repell$ h]1 pref]r+ to be ) h] acqua9tances4 ,o!r articles f home 7 !n giv5 to ,laura1 & %e began to look mu* int]e/$2 %e exam9$ ! /rang] mu* clos]1 & gave ! doctor to und]/& %e knew !y came f ,hanov]2 %e n[ ev5 endur$ h] "m's c>esses1 b w\ld leave h] ) indiff]5ce at ! slighte/ signal4 ,aft] a :ile1 on ! "m tak+ hold ( h] aga91 a vague idea seem$ to flit across ,laura's m9d t ?is c\ld n be a /rang]2 %e !re=e felt ( h] h&s v eag]ly1 :ile h] c\nt5ance assum$ an expression ( int5se int]e/2 %e became v pale1 & !n sudd5ly r$2 hope seem$ /ruggl+ ) d\bt & anxiety1 & nev] 7 cont5d+ emotions m /rongly pa9t$ ^u ! human face4 ,at ?is mom5t ( pa9ful unc]ta9ty1 ! "m drew ,laura close to h] side1 & kiss$ h] fondly1 :5 at once ! tru? fla%$ ^u ! *ild1 & all di/ru/ & anxiety disappe>$ f h] face4 ,) an expression ( exce$+ joy1 ,laura ne/l$ to ! bosom ( h] p>5t1 & yield$ h]self to h] fond embraces4 ,aft] ?is ! beads 7 all unhe$$1 & ! play?+s :i* 7 (f]$ to h] 7 utt]ly disreg>d$4 ,h] playmates1 = :om %e b a mom5t be=e left ! /rang]1 n[ va9ly /rove to pull h] f h] "m4 ,! meet+ & subsequ5t p>t+ %[$ alike ! affection1 ! intellig5ce1 & ! resolution ( ! *ild z well z ( h] "m4 ,! foll[+ facts are drawn f ! report made ( h] case at ! end ( ! ye> #ahci1 aft] %e _h be5 a little m ?an two ye>s "u in/ruction4 ,hav+ ma/]$ ! manual alphabet ( ! deaf mutes1 & hav+ le>n$ to spell readily ! names ( e ?+ )9 h] rea*1 %e 0 !n taught words expressive ( positive qualities1 z h>dness & s(tness4 ,?is 0 a v difficult process4 ,%e 0 next taught ^? expressions ( relation to place :i* %e c\ld und]/&4 ,a r+1 = example1 0 tak5 & plac$ on a box2 !n ! words 7 spell$ to h]1 & %e repeat$ !m f imitation4 ,! r+ 0 aft]w>d plac$ on a hat1 desk1 etc4 ,9 a simil> mann] %e le>n$ ! use ( 91 into1 etc4 ,%e w\ld illu/rate ! use ( ^! & o!r words z foll[s3 ,%e w\ld spell on1 & !n lay "o h& on ! o!r2 !n %e w\ld spell into1 & inclose "o h& )9 ! o!r4 ,laura v easily acquir$ a k & use ( active v]bs1 especially ^? expressive ( tangible action1 z to walk1 to run1 to sew1 to %ake4 ,9 acquir+ a k ( language1 %e us$ ! words ) :i* %e _h become acqua9t$ 9 a g5]al s5se1 & accord+ to ! ord] ( h] s5se ( ideas4 ,?us1 9 ask+ "s "o to give h] bread1 %e w\ld fir/ use ! ^w expressive ( ! lead+ idea1 & say1 ,bread1 give1 ,laura4 ,if %e want$ wat]1 %e w\ld say1 ,wat]1 dr9k1 ,laura4 ,hav+ acquir$ ! use ( sub/antives1 adjectives1 v]bs1 prepositions1 & conjunctions1 x 0 ?\ght "t to make ! exp]im5t ( try+ to tea* h] to write1 & to %[ h] %e might communicate h] ideas to p]sons n 9 contact ) h]4 ,x 0 amus+ to witness ! mute amazem5t ) :i* %e submitt$ to ! process2 ! docility ) :i* %e imitat$ e motion1 & ! p]sev]ance ) :i* %e mov$ h] p5cil ov] & ov] aga9 9 ! same track1 until %e c\ld =m ! lett]4 ,b :5 at la/ ! idea dawn$ ^u h] t by ?is my/]i\s process %e c\ld make o!r p und]/& :at %e ?\ght1 h] joy 0 b\ndless6 ,nev] did a *ild apply m eag]ly & joyfully to any task ?an %e did to ?is2 & 9 a few mon?s %e c\ld make e lett] di/9ctly1 & sep>ate words f ea* o!r4 ,at ?is "t ,laura actually wrote1 unaid$1 a legible lett] to h] "m1 9 :i* %e express$ ! idea ( h] be+ well1 & ( h] expectation ( go+ home 9 a few weeks4 ,x 01 inde$1 a v rude & imp]fect lett]1 c\*$ 9 ! language :i* a prattl+ infant w\ld use4 ,/ill1 x %ad[$ =? & express$ to h] "m ! ideas t 7 pass+ 9 h] own m9d4 ,%e _h atta9$ ab\t ! same comm& ( language z common *ildr5 ?ree ye>s ( age4 ,b h] p[] ( expression 01 ( c\rse1 by no means equal to h] p[] ( conception2 = %e _h no words to express _m ( ! p]ceptions & s5sations :i* h] m9d d\btless exp]i5c$4 ,9 ! spr+ ( #ahdj1 :5 %e _h be5 "u in/ruction ab\t two & a half ye>s1 return+ fatigu$ f h] j\rney home1 %e compla9$ ( a pa9 9 h] side1 & on be+ ask$ :at caus$ x1 %e repli$ z foll[s3 ,laura did g to see "m1 ride did make ,laura side a*e1 horse 0 wrong1 did n run s(tly4 ,h] improvem5t 9 ! use ( language 0 v rapid1 & %e soon became1 9 "s respects1 q a critic4 ,:5 "o ( ! girls _h ! mumps1 ,laura le>n$ ! "n ( ! disease2 soon aft] %e _h x h]self1 b %e _h ! swell+ only on "o side2 & "s "o say+ to h]1 ,y h got ! mumps1 %e repli$ quickly1 ,no1 no2 ,i h mump4 ,ab\t ?is "t ,laura le>n$ ! diff]5ce betwe5 ! pres5t & pa/ t5se ( ! v]b4 ,& "h h] simplicity rebukes ! clumsy irregul>ities ( our language4 ,%e le>n$ jump1 jump$--walk1 walk$1 etc41 until %e _h an idea ( ! mode ( =m+ ! imp]fect t5se ( regul> v]bs2 b :5 %e came to ! ^w see1 %e insi/$ t x %\ld be se$ 9 ! imp]fect2 & ^u go+ d[n to d9n]1 %e ask$ if x 0 eat1 eat$2 b be+ told x 0 eat1 ,,ate1 %e seem$ to try to express ! idea t ?is transposition ( ! lett]s 0 n only wrong1 b ludicr\s1 = %e laugh$ he>tily4 ,%e cont9u$ ?is habit ( =m+ words analogically4 ,:5 %e _h become acqua9t$ ) ! mean+ ( ! ^w re/less1 %e seem$ to und]/& t less at ! end ( a ^w means )\t1 de/itute (1 or want+1 z re/-less1 fruit-less2 also t ful at ! end ( a ^w expresses abundance ( :at is impli$ by ! primitive1 z bliss-ful1 play-ful4 ,?is is cle>ly illu/rat$ 9 ! foll[+ expressions4 ,"o day1 feel+ weak1 %e said1 ,i am v /rongless4 ,be+ told ?is 0 n "r1 %e said1 ,:y1 y say re/less :5 ,i d n sit /ill4 ,!n %e said1 ,i am v weakful4 ,my prim>y object 9 ref]r+ to ,laura has be5 to illu/rate1 9 a /rik+ mann]1 ! practicability ( ! education ( ! s5ses to an ext5t n h]et(ore g5]ally kn[n4 ,to su* an ext5t has ! s5se ( t\* be5 cultivat$ 9 h]1 t h] f+]s s]ve z v good sub/itutes = bo? eyes & e>s4 ,i w m5tion "o or two in/ances :i* /rik+ly illu/rate ! acut5ess ( ,laura's s5se ( t\*4 ,:5 ,i 0 at ! in/itution a few mon?s ago1 %e 0 told a p]son 0 pres5t :om %e _h nev] met1 & :o wi%$ an introduction to h]4 ,%e rea*$ h] h&1 expect+ to meet a /rang]4 ,by mi/ake 7= h] tea*]s design nev] to all[ h] to be deceiv$71 %e took ! h& ( ano!r g5tleman1 :om %e recogniz$ imm$iately1 ?\gh %e _h nev] met him b twice be=e4 ,%e recognizes h] acqua9tances 9 an in/ant by t\*+ _! h&s or _! dress1 & !re are probably hundr$s ( individuals :o1 if !y 7 to /& 9 a r[1 & hold out ea* a h& to h]1 w\ld be recogniz$ by t alone4 ,! memory ( ^! s5sations is v vivid1 & %e w readily recognize a p]son :om %e has once ?us t\*$4 ,_m cases ( ?is k9d h be5 notic$2 su* z a p]son %ak+ h&s ) h]1 & mak+ a peculi> pressure ) "o f+]1 & repeat+ ?is on 8 second visit1 aft] a lapse ( _m mon?s1 be+ in/antly kn[n by h]4 ,%e has be5 kn[n to recognize p]sons ) :om %e _h ?us simply %ak5 h&s b once1 aft] a lapse ( six mon?s4 ,b ?is is h>dly m wond]ful ?an t "o %\ld be able to recall impressions made ^u ! m9d ?r\gh ! organ ( sight1 z :5 we recognize a p]son ( :om we h _h b "o glimpse a ye> be=e2 b x %[s ! exhau/less capacity ( ^? organs :i* ! ,creator has be/[$1 z x 71 9 res]ve aga9/ accid5ts1 & :i* we too commonly all[ to lie unus$ & unvalu$4 ,,oliv] ,,caswell4--,_h ,i n devot$ s mu* space to ?is subject already1 x w\ld be int]e/+ to consid] ! case ( ,oliv]1 :o1 l ,laura1 is deaf1 dumb1 & bl9d4 ,8 exp]i5ce is full ( int]e/1 ?\gh less /rik+ ?an t already pres5t$4 ,8 progress 9 le>n+ language1 & 9 acquir+ intellectual k1 is comp>atively sl[1 because he has n t f95ess ( fib] & t activity ( temp]am5t :i* enable ,laura to /ruggle s successfully aga9/ ! imm5se disadvantages "u :i* !y bo? labor4 ,oliv] is a boy ( r unfavorable organization2 he _h be5 deaf & bl9d f infancy2 he receiv$ no in/ruction until he 0 twelve ye>s old1 & consequ5tly lo/ ! mo/ preci\s ye>s = le>n+2 he has nev]!less be5 taught to express 8 ?\ghts bo? by ! f+] language & by writ+2 he has also become acqua9t$ ) ! rudim5ts ( ! common bran*es ( education1 & is intellig5t & morally responsible4 ,8 case proves1 !re=e1 v cle>ly1 t ! success ( ! attempt made to in/ruct ,laura ,bridgman 0 n ow+ solely to h] uncommon capacity4 ,oliv]'s natural ability is small1 & 8 acquir$ k v limit$2 b 8 s5se ( "r & wrong1 8 ob$i5ce to moral obligations1 & 8 atta*m5t to fri5ds1 are v rem>kable4#bd ,he nev] willfully violates ! rights or injures ! feel+s ( o!rs1 & seldom %[s any signs ( temp] :5 8 own seem to be invad$4 ,he ev5 be>s ! teas+ ( little boys ) g5tl5ess & pati5ce4 ,he is v tractable1 & always obeys respectfully ! reque/s ( 8 tea*]4 ,?is %[s ! effect :i* k9d & g5tle treatm5t has _h ^u 8 "*1 = :5 he fir/ w5t to ! in/itution 9 ,bo/on he 0 sometimes v willful1 & %[$ occasional outbur/s ( temp] :i* 7 fe>fully viol5t4 ,x seems h>dly possible1 says ,dr4 ,h[e1 t ! g5tle & affectionate y\?1 :o loves all ! h\sehold & is belov$ by all 9 return1 %\ld be ! same :o a few ye>s ago scrat*$ & bit1 l a "y savage1 ^? :o attempt$ to control him4 #bd ,i h omitt$ mu* 9 ! case ( ,laura t ,i %\ld h reta9$ b = want ( room4 ,! moral qualities ( h] nature h develop$ !mselves mo/ cle>ly4 ,%e is hone/ to a prov]b1 hav+ nev] be5 kn[n to take any ?+ belong+ to ano!r4 ,t %e is a ,*ri/ian !re c be no d\bt4 ,x is said 9 ! report ( h] case = #ahdf1 t on ! la/ occasion ( h] manife/+ any impati5ce1 %e said to ,miss ,wight1 h] tea*]1 ',i felt cross1 b 9 a m9ute ,i ?\ght ( ,*ri/1 h[ good & g5tle he 01 & my bad feel+s w5t away4' ,we reg>d x z a fact fully e/abli%$ t ! s5se ( t\* may be cultivat$ to a mu* great] ext5t ?an mo/ p]sons are aw>e (4 ,! same rem>k w apply to ! cultivation ( all ! s5ses4 ,we %all consid] !m sep>ately4 ,,! ,,s5se ,,( ,,t\*4--,! rem>ks already made apply *iefly to ?is s5se4 ,! n]ves t supply x proce$ f ! ant]ior half ( ! sp9al cord4 ,?is s5se is mo/ delicate :]e !re are ! greate/ numb] ( n]v\s filam5ts1 & ^? ( ! l>ge/ size4 ,! h&s1 & especially ! f+]s1 h a mo/ delicate & nice s5se ( t\*1 ?\gh ! s5se is ext5d$ ov] ! :ole body1 9 e "p ( :i* x is less or m acute4 ,9 ?is respect1 !n1 ?is s5se is unlike ! o!rs1 :i* are conf9$ to small spaces1 z we %all see :5 we come to consid] !m4 ,! action ( ! s5sitive n]ves dep5ds ^u ! /ate ( ! bra91 & ! condition ( ! sy/em g5]ally4 ,9 s\nd & p]fect sleep1 :5 ! bra9 is inactive1 ord9>y impressions made ^u ! sk9 are unobs]v$4 ,fe> & grief dim9i% ! impressibility ( ?is tissue1 :ile hope & joy increase x4 ,! quantity & quality ( ! blood also influ5ce s5sation4 ,if ?is vital fluid becomes impure1 or its quantity is dim9i%$1 ! s5sibility ( ! sk9 w be impair$ !reby4 ,:atev] affects ! g5]al heal? affects ! heal?y action ( ?is s5se4 ,x is also mu* affect$ by sudd5 *anges 9 temp]ature4 ,if ! sk9 is w\nd$ :ile "u ! influ5ce ( cold1 ! pa9 w be slight4 ,by c>ry+ ?is *ill+ influ5ce too f>1 ! surface becomes entirely de/itute ( s5sation4 ,?is is produc$ by ! contraction ( ! blood-vessels ^u ! surface4 ,on ! contr>y1 :5 ! *ill$ extremities are sudd5ly expos$ to heat1 ! rapid enl>gem5t ( ! contract$ blood-vessels excites ! n]ves unduly1 :i* causes ! pa9 exp]i5c$ on su* occasions4 ,! s5sibility ( ! n]ves dep5ds mu* ^u ! habits ( p]sons4 ,suppose two boys g out to play :5 ! !rmomet] /&s at ! freez+ po9t1 & t "o ( !m has be5 accu/om$ to ex]cise 9 ! op5 air1 & to practice daily ablution1 :ile ! o!r "o has be5 conf9$ mo/ ( ! "t to a w>m room1 & has be5 accu/om$ to wa% only 8 h&s & face4 ,! sk9 ( ! =m]1 o!r ?+s be+ equal1 w be active & heal?y1 :ile t ( ! latt] w be enfeebl$ & diseas$4 ,! organs ( t\* diffus$ ov] ! body at ! surface w be v diff]5tly affect$ 9 ^! two boys1 & ! p]ceptions ( _! m9ds w be alike dissimil>4 ,"o w be r\s$ to action1 & w feel j "r = "s animat+ game4 ,bo? body & m9d w be ela/ic & joy\s4 ,he w b\nd l ! roe1 make ! welk9 r+ ) 8 m]ry %\t1 & return to ! bosom ( 8 family ) a gladd5$ he>t1 ready to imp>t & receive pleasure1 :ile ! o!r boy w be too ke5ly affect$ by ! contact ( ! air1 & ?9k x too cold to /ay out ( doors4 ,he w ?ru/ 8 h&s into 8 pockets1 & curl himself up l "o decrepit ) age4 ,8 tee? w *att] & 8 :ole frame tremble4 ,( c\rse1 v diff]5t reflections w be awak5$ 9 8 m9d4 ,he w hurry back to ! fireside1 ?9k+ w9t] a v dismal season1 & w be apt to fret himself & all ab\t him1 because ( ! conf9em5t f :i* he has n ! resolution to break out4 ,! s5sibility ( ! cutane\s n]ves 9 ^! two cases dep5ds ^u ! habits ( ! p]sons4 ,if ! latt] w\ld practice frequ5t ablutions1 & excite a heal?y action 9 ! sk9 by friction & ex]cise1 & con=m to o!r laws ( heal?1 he w\ld exp]i5ce all t gladness ( he>t1 & ela/icity ( body & m9d1 :i* ! o!r is suppos$ to enjoy4 ,h5ce ! advantages result+ f a /rict con=mity to ! laws ( heal? 9 ?is p>ticul> z well z 9 o!rs t are g5]ally reg>d$ z m important4 ,! g5]al law t ! ex]cise ( a faculty increases its p[] is applicable to ! s5ses4 ,we h ref]r$ to ! bl9d1 :o read z rapidly z see+ p]sons by pass+ _! f+]s ov] rais$ lett]s1 ! s5se ( t\* be+ sub/itut$ by !m = t ( vision4 ,nor is ! education ( ?is s5se useful to ! bl9d m]ely4 ,x may frequ5tly be appeal$ to ) great advantage by all :o h cultivat$ x4 ,! mill]1 = example1 c judge m accurately ( ! quality ( fl\r & meal1 by pass+ "s betwe5 8 f+]s ?an by ! ex]cise ( vision4 ,! clo?-dress]1 also1 by ! aid ( ?is s5se1 n only m>ks ! nice/ %ades ( texture 9 exam9+ clo?s ( diff]5t qualities1 b 9 _m in/ances le>ns to di/+ui% colors by ! s5se ( t\* ) p]haps great] accuracy ?an is common ) see+ p]sons4 ,,! ,,s5se ,,( ,,ta/e4--,! s5se ( ta/e be>s ! greate/ resemblance to ! s5se ( feel+4 ,! upp] surface ( ! tongue is ! pr9cipal ag5t 9 ta/+1 ?\gh ! lips1 ! palate1 & ! int]nal surface ( ! *eeks p>ticipate 9 ?is function1 z does ! upp] "p ( ! oesophagus4 ,! multitude ( po9ts call$ papillae1 scatt]$ ov] ! upp] surface ( ! tongue1 con/itute ! m imm$iate seat ( ?is s5se4 ,x is 9 ^! s5sitive papillae t ! ramifications ( ! gu/atory or ta/+ n]ves t]m9ate4 ,:5 fluids are tak5 into ! m\?1 & especially ^? ^: ta/e is pung5t1 ^! papillae dilate & erect !mselves1 & ! p>ticul> s5sation produc$ is transmitt$ to ! bra9 ?r\gh ! m$ium ( ! m9ute filam5ts ( ! gu/atory n]ves4 ,9 ord] fully to gratify ! ta/e 9 eat+ dry1 solid food1 x is necess>y t ! food be fir/ r$uc$ to a liquid /ate1 or1 at lea/1 t x be ?or\ghly moi/5$4 ,nature has made full provision = ?is 9 furni%+ ! m\? ) saliv>y gl&s1 ^: secretions are mo/ abundant :5 engag$ 9 ma/icat+ dry1 h>d sub/ances4 ,^! quick5$ secretions contribute to gratify ! ta/e & increase ! pleasure ( eat+1 &1 at ! same "t1 mat]ially aid 9 ! important processes ( ma/ication & dige/ion4 ,nature1 also1 ) h] accu/om$ b\nty1 has furni%$ man ) a great v>iety ( articles = food4 ,by ?is means ! v>i\s ta/es ( diff]5t p]sons may be gratifi$1 al?\gh1 9 _m in/ances1 ^? articles ( food :i* are mo/ agreeable to "s p]sons are extremely disagreeable to o!rs4 ,_m p]sons c n eat ! mo/ n\ri%+ food1 z fruits1 butt]1 etc41 because to !m ! ta/e ( ^! articles is disagreeable4 ,b ?is is v easily acc\nt$ =1 z 9 ! m\? ! food mixes ) v>i\s fluids t diff] 9 diff]5t p]sons1 & 9 ! same p]son at diff]5t times4 ,^! fluids1 & p>ticul>ly ! saliva1 assi/ 9 ! =mation & *ange ( ta/e4 ,?is acc\nts n only = ! diff]5t ta/es ( diff]5t p]sons1 b also = ! v>y+ ta/e ( ! same p]sons1 & = t fickl5ess ( ta/e :i* is s common 9 sickness1 :5 ! fluids ( ! m\?1 9 a disord]$ & d]ang$ /ate1 mix ) ! food1 & produce ! disagreeable ta/e s (t5 compla9$ ( at su* times1 & :i*1 moreov]1 occasionally create a p]man5t dislike = food t 0 previ\sly mu* reli%$4 ,?is s5se 0 giv5 to m5 & animals to guide !m 9 ! selection ( _! food1 & to enable !m to gu>d aga9/ ! use ( articles t w\ld be injuri\s if introduc$ into ! /oma*4 ,9 ! inf]ior animals1 ! s5se ( ta/e /ill answ]s ! orig9al design ( its be/[m5t2 b 9 man1 x has be5 abus$ & p]v]t$ by ! use ( artificial /imulants1 :i* h creat$ an acquir$ ta/e t1 9 mo/ p]sons1 is v detrim5tal to heal?4 ,?is s5se is s modifi$ by habit1 t1 n unfrequ5tly1 articles :i* 7 at fir/ exce$+ly (f5sive1 become1 at l5g?1 highly agreeable4 ,x is 9 ?is mann] t _m p]sons1 ^: s5se ( ta/e has be5 impair$ or p]v]t$1 h =m$ ! disgu/+ & ru9\s habits ( smok+ & *ew+ tobacco1 & ( us+ /imulat+ & intoxicat+ dr9ks4 ,b ^! p]nici\s habits1 & all simil> indulg5ces1 less5 ! s5sibility ( ! gu/atory n]ve1 & ultimately de/roy ! natural reli% = heal?ful food & dr9k4 ,by ?is means1 also1 ! dige/ive p[]s become disord]$1 & ! g5]al heal? is mat]ially impair$4 ,all p]sons1 !n1 %\ld seek to pres]ve ! natural integrity ( ?is s5se1 & to re/ore x imm$iately to heal?y action :5 at all deprav$1 = ^u ?is dep5ds mu* ( heal? & longevity1 ( happ9ess & usefulness4 ,?is s5se may be r5d]$ v acute by cultivation1 z is illu/rat$ by p]sons :o are accu/om$ to ta/e m$ic9es1 liquors1 teas1 etc4 ,x ought1 h[ev]1 to be *iefly ex]cis$ 9 p>tak+ ( ^? simple articles ( food & dr9k :i* are mo/ conducive to heal?4 ,9 its natural /ate x pref]s ^!1 & if deprav$ x w soon recov] a heal?y tone1 if n cont9ually tempt$ by /imulat+ sub/ances4 ,?is is beautifully illu/rat$ 9 ?\s&s ( in/ances all ov] our c\ntry by p]sons :o 7 once accu/om$ to use /rong dr9k1 b :o h sub/itut$ = x sp>kl+ wat]1 a bev]age prep>$ by ,god himself to n\ri% & invigorate 8 creatures1 & beautify 8 foot/ool4 ,,! ,,s5se ,,( ,,smell4--,! s5se ( ta/e has receiv$ a fai?ful companion 9 t ( smell4 ,! b5efic5t ,creator1 ) t wisdom :i* *>act]izes all 8 works1 has v wisely plac$ ! organ ( ?is s5se j above ! m\?1 9 ord] t ! sc5t ( _m ?+s t are hurtful may w>n u f p>tak+ ( !m be=e !y rea* ! m\?4 ,! air-passages ( ! nose1 9 :i* ?is s5se is locat$1 are l9$ ) a ?9 sk91 call$ ! muc\s membrane1 :i* is cont9u\s ) ! l9+ membrane ( ! p>ts ( ! ?roat & ( ! ext]nal sk94 ,^u ?is membrane ! olfactory n]ve ramifies4 ,! odorif]\s p>ticles ( matt] t float 9 ! air come 9 contact ) ^! f9e & s5sitive n]ves z ! air ru%es ?r\gh ! no/rils1 & ! impression is convey$ to ! bra9 by ! olfactory n]ve4 ,! muc\s membrane1 ^u :i* ?is ramifies1 is ( consid]able ext5t 9 man4 ,9 ! l[] animals x is less or m ext5sive1 accord+ to ! degree ( acut5ess ( ?is s5se4 ,?is membrane is full ( little gl&s t are cont9ually giv+ (f ?ick mucus1 & especially :5 ! membrane is inflam$4 ,!re is a small canal lead+ f ! eyes to ! nose1 ?r\gh :i* a fluid1 t also =ms te>s1 is con/antly pass+ :5 ! passage is cle>4 ,x is ! (fice ( ?is fluid to moi/5 & ?9 ! mucus ( ! nose4 ,:5 ?is muc\s is too abundant1 z 9 "s /ages ( a cold1 & especially if x becomes dry f ! clos+ ( ! canal lead+ f ! eyes1 or f any o!r cause1 z fev]1 ! s5se ( smell w be greatly impair$1 if n entirely susp5d$4 ,x is1 inde$1 n unfrequ5tly p]man5tly injur$ 9 ?is way1 & sometimes is irrecov]ably lo/4 ,! s5sation ( smell1 x %\ld be borne 9 m9d1 is produc$ by a k9d ( odorif]\s vapor1 v f9e & invisible1 t flies (f f ne>ly all bodies4 ,! air :i* conta9s ?is vapor is drawn into ! nose1 & is 9 ?is way br\ght into contact ) ! v delicate n]ves ( smell t ramify ! membrane :i* l9es ! air-passages ( ?is organ4 ,x is only :5 ! exce$+ly small p>ticles ( :i* ! odor ( v>i\s bodies is compos$ come 9 contact ) ! m9ute ramifications ( ! olfactory n]ve t ?is s5sation is produc$4 ,9 ord] to protect ^! s5sitive n]ves1 z well z to prev5t ! introduction into ! lungs ( injuri\s sub/ances1 ! air-passages ( ! nose are furni%$ ) hairy app5dages1 :i* are less or m abundant accord+ to ! size ( ^! passages4 ,^! int]cept any =eign sub/ances t ent] ! nose1 & ?us irritate ! muc\s membrane1 & cause a quick & p[]ful contraction ( ! diaphragm1 by :i* ! (f5d+ matt] is imm$iately expell$4 ,?is ph5om5on1 :i* is call$ sneez+1 dep5ds ^u a connection ( ! olfactory ) ! respiratory n]ves4 ,?is s5se n only comes 9 to ! aid ( ta/e 9 enabl+ man & ! l[] animals to select prop] food1 & avoid t :i* is injuri\s1 b x also gives u positive & v>i$ pleasure by ! inhalation ( agreeable odors1 :ile1 at ! same "t1 x enables u to avoid an infecti\s atmosph]e1 & all objects ^: odors are (f5sive & hurtful4 ,x is true t man c accu/om himself to ne>ly all k9ds ( odor1 ev5 to ^? t at fir/ are v disagreeable4 ,he inde$ n unfrequ5tly s vitiates ! s5se ( smell z actually to pref] ^? sc5ts :i*1 to p]sons :o h pres]v$ ! integrity ( ?is s5se1 are reg>d$ z exce$+ly (f5sive1 & ev5 fil?y4 ,b :y1 let me ask1 did ! ,creator give u ! s5se ( smell8 ,0 x to be ?us p]v]t$8 ,no1 inde$3 x 01 )\t d\bt1 t we might enjoy ! refre%+ fragrance ( fl[]s & h]bs1 ( food & dr9k2 & also t we might di/+ui% betwe5 air t is pure & heal?ful1 & t :i* is impure & infecti\s4 ,z mo/ articles ( food :i* are agreeable to ! smell are :olesome1 & z ^? :i* are disagreeable are g5]ally un:olesome1 s1 also1 ^? /ates ( ! atmosph]e :i* are grateful to ?is s5se are salubri\s1 & ^? odors :i* are pleasant are heal?ful1 :ile air :i* is ungrateful w g5]ally be f\nd injuri\s to heal?1 z w also all ^? odors :i* are unpleasant to ?is s5se :5 9 a heal?ful /ate4 ,he :o has _h occasion to ent] a cr[d$ c\rt-room1 lecture-room1 *ur*1 or assembly-room ( :atev] k9d1 :i* has be5 occupi$ = a consid]able "t )\t adequate v5tilation1 c n fail to rememb] ! unwelcome impression made ^u 8 nasal organs :5 fir/ he inhal$ ! vitiat$ atmosph]e )91 ?\gh by degrees he might h become accu/om$ to x1 did he rema91 s z ultimately to become well-nigh ins5sible to its noisome influ5ce4 ,b let su* & all o!rs be well assur$ t1 h[ev] (f5sive su* a fetid atmosph]e may be to ! smell1 x is equally injuri\s to ! heal?4 ,& let ^? :o1 hav+ return$ f a morn+ walk or heal?ful ex]cise 9 a salubri\s atmosph]e1 h _h occasion to revisit ! small & unv5tilat$ lodg+-room 9 :i* !y sp5t a re/less night )\t refre%+ sleep1 p]ceive1 9 ! sick5+ smell1 a suffici5t cause = all _! pa9s & a*es1 & wond] h[ !y surviv$ su* a gross violation ( ! organic laws4 ,all ( ! s5ses may be improv$ by education4 ,! s5se ( smell con/itutes no exception to ?is rule4 ,let none be disc\rag$1 !n2 = ! m we accu/om our lungs & nasal organs to pure air1 ! m w !y require x1 & ! m readily w !y detect ! pres5ce ( ! lea/ impurity4 ,?is s5se becomes v acute 9 deaf p]sons1 & ev5 m s 9 ! case ( ^? t are bl9d4 ,! reason is obvi\s2 =1 z !y are l$ ( necessity to rely ^u x m ?an p]sons :o h all ! s5ses1 x becomes !reby develop$1 & is enabl$ m accurately to judge ( ! prop]ties ( :atev] is submitt$ to its scrut9y4 ,see+ p]sons r>ely p>take ( any article ( food1 & especially ( any ?+ new1 )\t fir/ smell+ x1 & bl9d p]sons nev]2 = ?is is ! only means by :i* !y c judge ( its :olesom5ess or un:olesom5ess )\t ta/+ x4 ,:atev] /upefies ! bra91 impairs ! heal?y action ( ! n]ve ( smell1 or ?ick5s ! membrane t l9es ! nasal cavities1 & ?us dim9i%es ! s5sibility ( ! n]ves ramifi$ ^u x1 injures ?is s5se4 ,all ^! effects are produc$ by ! habitual use ( snuff1 :i*1 :5 introduc$ into ! nose1 dim9i%es ! s5sibility ( ! n]ves1 & ?ick5s ! l9+ membrane4 ,by its use ! air-passages ?r\gh ! no/rils sometimes become completely ob/ruct$4 ,x is on ?is acc\nt t mo/ habitual snuff-tak]s are compell$ to op5 _! m\?s 9 ord] to brea! freely4 ,x has be5 well said1 t if ,nature _h int5d$ t ! nose %\ld be us$ z a snuff-hole1 %e w\ld d\btless h put x on ! o!r end up4 ,,! ,,s5se ,,( ,,he>+4--,! ext]nal e>1 al?\gh curi\sly %ap$1 is n ! mo/ important "p ( ! organ ^: function x is to take cognizance ( s\nds4 ,9 ! transmission ( s\nd to ! bra91 ! vibrations ( ! air produc$ by ! sonor\s body are collect$ by ! ext]nal e>1 & conduct$ ?r\gh ! auditory canal to ! drum ( ! e>1 :i* is s arrang$ t x may be relax$ or tight5$ l ! head ( an ord9>y drum4 ,t its motion may be free1 ! air conta9$ )9 ! drum has free communication ) ! ext]nal air by an op5 passage1 call$ ! ,eu/a*ian tube1 lead+ to ! back ( ! m\?4 ,?is tube is sometimes ob/ruct$ by wax1 :5 a degree ( deafness ensues4 ,b :5 ! ob/ruction is remov$ 9 ! ef=t ( sneez+ or o!rwise1 a crack or sudd5 noise is g5]ally exp]i5c$1 accompani$ usually ) an imm$iate return ( acute he>+4 ,! e>-drum p]=ms a two-fold (fice2 = :ile x aids 9 ! transmission ( s\nd f )\t to ! int]nal e>1 x at ! same "t modifies ! int5sity ( s\nd4 ,?is s(t5+ ( ! s\nd is effect$ by ! relaxation ( a muscle :5 s\nds are s acute z to be pa9ful2 b :5 li/5+ to l[ s\nds1 ! drum is r5d]$ t5se by ! contraction ( ?is muscle1 & ! s\nds become1 by ?is means1 m audible4 ,! vibrations made on ! drum are transmitt$ by ! tympanum--an irregul> bony cavity--to ! int]nal e>1 :i* is fill$ ) a wat]y fluid4 ,9 ?is fluid ! filam5ts ( ! auditory n]ve t]m9ate1 :i* receive & transmit ! s\nd to ! bra94 ,! e> has ! p[] ( judg+ ( ! direction f :i* s\nd comes1 z is /rik+ly exemplifi$ 9 ! fact t :5 horses or mules m>* 9 company at night1 ^? 9 front direct _! e>s =w>d1 & ^? 9 ! re> turn !m backw>d1 :ile ^? 9 ! c5t] turn !m lat]ally or across1 ! :ole troop seem+ to be actuat$ by a feel+ to wat* ! common safety4 ,?is is also illu/rat$ by f\r or six horse teams1 & is a fact ) :i* coa*m5 are famili>4 ,x is fur!r illu/rat$ by ! dog1 & _m o!r animals4 ,! ext]nal e> ( man is likewise furni%$ ) muscles2 & savages are said to h ! p[] ( mov+ or direct+ _! e>s at pleasure1 l a horse1 to cat* s\nds z !y come f diff]5t directions2 b few m5 9 civiliz$ life reta9 ?is p[]4 ,! acut5ess ( ?is s5se 9 m5 & animals1 o!r ?+s be+ equal1 dep5ds ^u ! size ( ! e>4 ,9 timid animals1 z ! h>e & ! rabbit1 ! e> is v l>ge4 ,!y are ?us appriz$ ( ! approa* ( an enemy 9 "t to flee to a place ( safety4 ,! e>-trumpet--:i* is a tube wide at "o end1 :]e ! s\nd ent]s1 & n>r[ at ! o!r1 :]e ! e> is appli$--is con/ruct$ on ?is pr9ciple1 its sides be+ s curv$ t1 accord+ to ! law ( reflection1 all ! s\nd :i* ent]s x is br\ght to a focus 9 ! n>r[ end4 ,x ?us increases _m fold ! int5sity ( a s\nd :i* rea*es ! e> ?r\gh x1 & enables a p]son :o has become deaf to common conv]sation to mix aga9 ) pleasure 9 society4 ,! concave h& held beh9d ! e> answ]s 9 "s degree ! purpose ( an e>-trumpet4 ,! ,e> ( ,dionysius1 9 ! dungeons ( ,syracuse1 0 a notori\s in/ance ( a s\nd-collect+ surface4 ,! ro( ( ! prison 0 s =m$ z to collect ! words1 & ev5 :isp]s1 ( ! unhappy prison]s1 & to direct !m along a hidd5 conduit to :]e ! tyrant sat li/5+4 ,acut5ess ( he>+ requires ! heal?y action ( ! bra91 & p>ticul>ly ( t portion ( x f :i* ! auditory n]ve proce$s1 comb9$ ) p]fection 9 ! /ructure & functions ( ! diff]5t p>ts ( ! e>4 ,! be/ me?od1 !n1 ( reta9+ & improv+ ! he>+1 is to obs]ve well ! g5]al laws ( heal?1 & p>ticul>ly to avoid e ?+ t w 9 ! lea/ impair ! /ructure or heal?y action ( ! p>ts imm$iately conc]n$ 9 ! ex]cise ( ?is function4 ,inflammatory fev]s1 affections ( ! bra91 & injuries ^u ! head1 are among ! m common causes ( imp]fect he>+4 ,h5ce ! impropriety ( /rik+ *ildr5 ^u ! head 9 correct+ !m1 :e!r 9 ! family or 9 ! s*ool4 ,! in/ances are n few 9 :i* deafness1 & ! impair+ ( ! m5tal faculties1 h result$ f t b>b>\s practice famili>ly kn[n z box+ ! e>s4 ,?is inhuman practice is likely to result 9 injury to ! drum ( ! e>1 ei!r 9 ?ick5+ ?is membrane1 or 9 dim9i%+ its vibratory "*4 ,inflammation ( ! e>-drum1 ei!r acute or *ronic1 is ! common cause ( its increas$ ?ickness4 ,h[ (t5 ?is is produc$ by bl[s1 ! read] may judge4 ,dim9ution ( ! vibratory "* ( ! e>-drum may result f an accumulation ( wax ^u its out] surface4 ,9 su* cases *ronic inflammation ( ! p>ts is n unfrequ5tly ! result ( ! injudici\s practice ( attempt+ its removal by introduc+ ! heads ( p9s into ! e>4 ,?is wax1 x %\ld be kn[n1 is design$ to subs]ve an important end2 = ! tube lead+ f ! ext]nal e>1 be+1 l ! nose1 con/antly op51 is liable to ! entrance ( =eign bodies1 su* z du/1 insects1 & ! l4 ,b1 =tunately1 x is n left )\t ! means ( def5se2 = on its inside !re are num]\s f9e bri/les1 :i*1 int]lac+ ea* o!r1 int]pose a b>ri] to ! entrance ( e ?+ b s\nd4 ,moreov]1 betwe5 ! roots ( ^! hairs !re are num]\s little gl&s1 t secrete a nause\s1 bitt] wax1 :i*1 by its (f5siv5ess1 ei!r det]s insects f ent]+1 or entangles !m & prev5ts _! advance 9 case !y d ent]4 ,?is wax1 !n1 is v s]viceable4 ,b its usefulness does n /op "h4 ,:5 ! e> becomes dry f a defici5cy ( x1 ! he>+ becomes imp]fect1 z also :5 x is ?9 & purul5t4 ,?is wax n unfrequ5tly becomes h>d & ob/ructs ! tube1 caus+ less or m deafness4 ,b ?is =m ( deafness may be easily cur$1 ev5 ?\gh x has exi/$ = ye>s2 =1 hav+ s(t5$ ! accumulations ( viscid wax by dropp+ animal oil into ! e>1 !y may be remov$ by ! injection ( w>m soap-suds1 :i* is an effectual & safe rem$y4 ,! s5se ( he>+ is p]haps z susceptible ( cultivation z any ( ! s5ses4 ,! ,indian 9 ! =e/1 :o is accu/om$ to li/5 to ! approa* ( 8 enemies or ( 8 prey1 acquires su* acut5ess ( he>+ z to be able to detect s\nds t w\ld be inaudible to p]sons liv+ amid ! d9 ( civiliz$ life4 ,! bl9d1 also1 :o ( necessity are l$ to rely m ^u ?is s5se ?an see+ p]sons1 excel 9 ! acut5ess ( _! he>+4 ,!y recognize _! acqua9tances by ! ex]cise ( ?is s5se z readily z p]sons usually d by t ( sight1 an atta9m5t :i* v few see+ p]sons make1 & yet "o t is p]haps )9 ! rea* ( n9ety-n9e p]sons 9 e hundr$4 ,! bl9d judge ) great accuracy ! di/ance ( p]sons 9 conv]sation1 ( c>riages 9 motion1 & ( all sonor\s bodies ^: vibrations rea* _! e>s4 ,!y ev5 e/imate ) rem>kable correctness ! di/ance & height ( build+s by ! reflection or int]ception ( s\nd4 ,x is 9 consequ5ce ( ! acut5ess ( ?is s5se1 acquir$ by c>eful cultivation1 t ! bl9d1 z a class1 h become s g5]ally & ju/ly di/+ui%$ = _! pre-em95ce 9 in/rum5tal music4 ,?is enables !m also to cultivate vocal music ) m ?an ord9>y success4 ,! due cultivation ( ! s5se ( he>+ w contribute va/ly to promote our intellectual & moral well-be+4 ,if x be true1 z we are told x is by ^? :o h be5 engag$ 9 tea*+ bo? ! deaf & ! bl9d1 t ! abs5ce ( he>+ is ev5 a m =midable imp$im5t to ! communication ( k ?an t ( sight1 we mu/ inf] t all imp]fections ( ! organ ( he>+ itself1 or 9 ! mann] ( us+ x1 mu/ correspond+ly less5 ! accuracy ( ! k we receive ?r\gh t organ4 ,! mean+ ( language v (t5 is convey$ n s mu* by ! words !mselves z 9 ! tones ( voice 9 :i* ! words are utt]$4 ,if1 !re=e1 ! he>+ be indi/9ct1 or !re be no habit =m$ ( c>eful att5tion to ! inflections ( s\nd1 ! impressions receiv$ f :at we he> mu/ (t5 be inaccurate4 ,our spee*1 too1 w be f> less agreeable1 & be ineffici5t1 ev5 if x be n positively in>ticulate4 ,we owe x to o!rs1 no less ?an to ourselves1 !n1 to cultivate ! p[]s ( ! voice--! common in/rum5t t ,god has giv5 u = ! int]*ange ( ?\ght1 s5tim5t1 & feel+1 & :i*1 ?\gh s common1 is ! mo/ p]fect ( all in/rum5ts = ! transmission ( s\nd4 ,yet h[ deplorably is x neglect$6 h[ %amefully is x misus$6 ,x c be fully develop$ & made :at x is capable ( be+ only ?r\gh ! influ5ce ( ! e>4 ,if ?is organ be neglect$1 ! voice mu/ ne$s be imp]fect4 ,& ! voices ( _m p]sons are ?r\gh life imp]fect & disagreeable1 because !y 7 n c>efully tra9$ 9 e>ly life to articulate di/9ctly1 mu* less to utt] musical s\nds4 ,! op9ion is confid5tly express$ by ^? :o are be/ qualifi$ to decide ! matt]1 t ne>ly all *ildr5 might be taught to s+1 if prop] att5tion 7 paid e>ly en\gh to ! use !y make ( _! e>s & _! organs ( s\nd4 ,! c>eful tra9+ ( ^! %\ld be consid]$ an indisp5sable "p ( a s*ool-tea*]'s z well z ( a p>5t's duty4 ,! e> w f9d appropriate discipl9e 9 di/+ui%+1 )\t aid f ! eye1 ! causes ( v>i\s s\nds1 z ! op5+ ( a door1 ! %utt+ ( a knife1 ! dropp+ ( v>i\s co9s1 ! mov+ ( diff]5t articles ( furniture1 etc4 ,x may also f9d appropriate ex]cise 9 det]m9+ ! direction f :i* v>i\s s\nds proce$2 9 recogniz+ acqua9tances by _! natural voices1 & 9 detect+ ! c\nt]feit voices ( companions2 9 arrang+ & classify+ ! elem5t>y s\nds ( ! language1 & 9 det]m9+ all ! diff]5t musical tones2 9 judg+ ( ! g5us & species ( birds by _! *irp+1 ( ! di/ance & nature ( sonor\s bodies ( v>i\s k9ds1 etc41 etc4 ,^! are "s ( ! direct means ( improv+ ?is s5se3 o!rs w sugge/ !mselves to ! ?\ghtful read]4 ,,! ,,s5se ,,( ,,sight4--,! s5se ( sight1 :i* is ! mo/ ref9$ & admirable ( all ! s5ses1 /ill rema9s to be consid]$4 ,! s5ses g5]ally s]ve z int]pret]s betwe5 ! mat]ial univ]se )\t & ! _s )94 ,b x is m especially by ! s5se ( sight t we are enabl$ to hold conv]se ) ! ext]nal _w4 ,)\t x we %\ld be depriv$ ( a l>ge portion ( ! pleasures ( life n only1 b ev5 ( ! means ( ma9ta9+ our exi/5ce4 ,x is ?r\gh ! s5se ( vision t ! wisdom1 p[]1 & b5evol5ce ( ! ,deity are *iefly manife/$ to u4 ,i %all describe ! app>atus ( vision only s f> z is necess>y 9 ord] to subs]ve my lead+ object1 :i* is ! pres]vation & improvem5t ( ?is s5se1 & ! means ( r5d]+ x tribut>y to intellectual & moral culture4 ,! eye1 :i* is ! organ ( vision1 is an optical in/rum5t ( ! mo/ p]fect con/ruction4 ,x is surr\nd$ by coats1 :i* conta9 refract+ m$iums1 call$ humors4 ,!re are ?ree coats1 call$ ! scl]otic1 ! *oroid1 & ! ret9a2 & ?ree humors1 call$ ! aque\s1 ! cry/all9e1 & ! vitre\s4 ,! scl]otic or out] coat1 call$ also ! :ite ( ! eye1 is an opaque1 fibr\s membrane4 ,x has almo/ ! firmness ( lea!r1 possesses little s5sibility1 & is r>ely expos$ to inflammation or o!r diseases4 ,x inve/s ! eye on e side except ! front1 & besides ma9ta9+ its globul> =m & pres]v+ its int]nal & delicate /ructure1 s]ves = ! atta*m5t ( ^? muscles :i* move ?is organ4 ,! op5+ 9 ! =e "p ( ?is opaque coat is fill$ by ! transp>5t cornea1 :i* resembles a wat* cry/al 9 %ape1 & is receiv$ into a groove 9 ! front "p ( ! scl]otic coat 9 ! same mann] t a wat*-glass is receiv$ into its case4 ,b = ?is arrangem5t light c\ld n ga9 admission to ! eye4 ,! *oroid coat1 :i* con/itutes ! second inve/+ membrane ( ! eye1 is ( a d>k br[n color ^u its out] surface1 & ( a deep black )94 ,! int]nal surface ( ?is membrane secretes a d>k sub/ance resembl+ black pa9t1 ^u :i* ! ret9a is spread out1 & :i* is ( great importance 9 ! function ( vision1 z x seems to absorb ! rays ( light imm$iately aft] !y h /ruck ^u ! s5sible surface ( ! ret9a4 ,! ret9a1 :i* is ! ?ird & inn]mo/ membrane ( ! eye1 is ! expansion ( ! optic n]ve1 & con/itutes ! imm$iate seat ( vision4 ,su* is ! arrangem5t ( ! humors ( ! eye1 & s p]fectly are !y adapt$ to ! functions !y are call$ ^u to p]=m1 t 9 ! heal?y /ate ( ?is organ1 ! light ent]+ ! pupil is s refract$ z to pa9t ^u ! ret9a an exact image ( ! objects f :i* x proce$s4 ,! optic n]ve1 ^: expansion =ms ! ret9a1 receives ?is image & transmits x to ! m9d4 ,arnott has well rem>k$1 t a :ole pr9t$ %eet ( a newspap] may be repres5t$ on ! ret9a on less surface ?an t ( a f+] nail2 & yet n only %all e ^w & lett] be sep>ately p]ceivable1 b ev5 any imp]fection ( a s+le lett]4 ,or1 m wond]ful /ill1 :5 at night an eye is turn$ up to ! blue vault ( heav51 !re is portray$ on ! little concave ( ! ret9a ! b\ndless concave ( ! sky1 ) e object 9 its j proportions4 ,!re a moon 9 beautiful m9iature may be sail+ among h] :ite-edg$ cl\ds1 & surr\nd$ by a ?\s& tw9kl+ />s1 s t to an animalcule suppos$ to be )9 & ne> ! pupil1 ! ret9a might appe> ano!r />ry firmam5t ) all its glory4 ,besides ^! ?ree coats1 & ! cornea :i* con/itutes ab\t "o fif? ( ! ant]ior portion ( ! out] coat1 x is necess>y to notice ! iris1 s call$ f its v>iety ( color 9 diff]5t p]sons1 & ^u :i* alone ! color ( ! eye dep5ds4 ,! iris is a circul> membrane situat$ j beh9d ! cornea1 & is atta*$ to "o ( ! coats at its circumf]5ce4 ,9 its c5t] is a small r\nd hole1 call$ ! pupil2 & sometimes spok5 ( famili>ly z ! sight ( ! eye1 z no light c ent] ! eye except ?r\gh x4 ,! iris possesses ! p[] ( dilat+ & contract+1 s z to admit m or less light1 z x may be ne$$4 ,?is *ange 9 ! size ( ! pupil is effect$ by two sets ( muscul> fib]s4 ,! fir/ set conv]ge f ! circumf]5ce ( ! iris to ! circul> m>g9 ( ! pupil1 & con/itute ! radiat$ muscle4 ,! out] ends ( ^! fib]s are atta*$ to ! scl]otic coat1 :i* is unyield+2 h5ce1 :5 !y contract1 ! pupil enl>ges to receive m light4 ,! o!r set is compos$ ( circul> fib]s1 :i* g r\nd 9 ! iris f ! bord] to ! pupil1 & con/itute ! orbicul> muscle1 ! contraction ( :i* dim9i%es ! size ( ! pupil4 ,:5 too mu* light ent]s ! eye1 ! excit$ & s5sitive ret9a imm$iately gives w>n+ ( ! dang]1 & ! n]ves1 :i* are pl5tifully di/ribut$ to ! iris1 /imulate ! orbicul> muscle to contract1 & ! radiat$ "o to relax1 by :i* ! size ( ! pupil is less5$4 ,b :5 ! light :i* ent]s ! pupil is insuffici5t to transmit a di/9ct image ( objects to ! bra91 ! orbicul> muscle relaxes1 & ! radiat$ "o contracts1 s z to enl>ge ! pupil4 ,! contraction ( ! pupil is readily se5 :5 a p]son passes f a d>k5$ room into a bright sunlight1 or :5 a light is fir/ br\ght into a room 9 ! twilight ( ev5+4 ,any p]son may notice ?is contraction 9 8 own eye by behold+ himself 9 a glass imm$iately aft] pass+ f a d>k to a well-light$ room4 ,s1 also1 :5 a p]son looks at an object ne> ! eye1 ! pupil contracts1 b :5 he looks at an object m remote1 x dilates4 ,! muscles ( ! iris are some:at "u ! control ( ! w2 = mo/ p]sons c contract or dilate ! pupil1 9 "s degree1 at pleasure4 ,"s p]sons possess ?is faculty to a great ext5t4 ,! ?ree humors ( ! eye h be5 comp>$ to ! glasses ( a telescope1 & ! coats to ! tube1 :i* keeps !m 9 _! places4 ,! aque\s humor is situat$ 9 ! =e "p ( ! eye1 & is divid$ by ! iris into :at are call$ ! ant]ior & po/]ior *amb]s ( ! eye4 ,! cry/all9e humor1 or l5s1 is situat$ imm$iately beh9d ! aque\s humor1 a %ort di/ance back ( ! pupil1 & is a p]fectly transp>5t d\ble convex l5s1 closely resembl+ 9 %ape ! common burn+ glass4 ,?is resemblance does n /op "h2 = ?is l5s1 l ! burn+ glass1 possesses ! prop]ty ( conv]g+ ! rays ( light :i* fall ^u x1 & br++ !m to a focus4 ,:5 ?is l5s becomes s opaque z to ob/ruct ! passage ( light1 ei!r p>tially or entirely1 a p]son is said to h a cat>act4 ,?is c be cur$ only by a surgical op]ation4 ,! vitre\s humor1 situat$ back ( ! o!r two1 =ms ! pr9cipal "p ( ! globe ( ! eye4 ,x diff]s f ! aque\s 9 "o important p>ticul>4 ,:5 t is dis*>g$ 9 extract+ ! cry/all9e l5s = cat>act or o!rwise1 x w be re/or$ aga9 9 a few h\rs1 & ! eye w cont9ue to p]=m its function4 ,b if ?is be dis*>g$ by accid5t1 ! eye is irrecov]ably lo/4 ,?is1 h[ev]1 does n (t5 occur2 =1 z we %all pres5tly see1 ! eye is admirably =tifi$4 ,! eye is a p]fect optical in/rum5t1 inf9itely surpass+ all specim5s ( human skill4 ,?is is true1 view x 9 :at light we may4 ,x n only possesses ! p[] ( s adju/+ its p>ts z to adapt x to ! exam9ation ( objects at diff]5t di/ances1 & 9 light ( diff]5t degrees ( int5sity1 b we are enabl$ to direct x at w to objects above1 b5ea?1 or ar\nd u4 ,! v>i\s motions ( ! eye are produc$ by six little muscles4 ,^! are atta*$ at "o extremity to ! immovable bones ( ! orbit1 :ile at ! o!r extremity !y are ins]t$ into ! scl]otic coat1 f\r ( !m ne> its junction ) ! cornea1 by broad1 ?9 t5dons1 :i* give to ! :ite ( ! eye its pe>ly appe>ance4 ,^! muscles are s arrang$ by ! mat*less skill ( ! ,ar*itect z to enable ! behold] to direct ! eye to any object he *ooses1 & to hold x !re = any l5g? ( "t t is compatible ) ! laws by :i* muscul> ex]cise %\ld be regulat$4 ,by ! slight or int5se action ( f\r ( ^!1 call$ ! /raight muscles1 ! eye is less or m compress$1 & ! relative positions ( its humors are by ?is means s nicely adju/$ z to enable u to view objects ne> by or at a di/ance4 ,! o!r two are call$ oblique muscles1 "o ( :i*1 ) its long t5don pass+ ?r\gh a c>tilag9\s loop1 acts ^u ! pr9ciple ( ! fix$ pulley1 & turns ! eye 9 a direction contr>y to its own action4 ,:5 ! ext]nal muscle becomes too %ort1 ! eye turns out2 b if ! int]nal muscle is unduly contract$1 ! eye turns inw>d1 t[>d ! nose4 ,"o eye is sometimes turn$ up or d[n1 b ?is is ( less frequ5t occurr5ce4 ,x w\ld be int]e/+ to notice ! protect+ organs ( ! eye1 consi/+ ( ! orbit1 :i* is a deep bony socket1 9 :i* ! eye securely re/s2 ( ! eye-br[s1 :i* are two project+ ar*es1 cov]$ ) hair1 & s arrang$ z to prev5t ! moi/ure t accumulates ^u ! =ehead1 9 free p]spiration1 f fl[+ into ! eye2 ( ! eye-lids1 :i* are two movable curta9s = ! protection ( ! eye1 & :i* secrete a fluid t moi/5s & lubricates x2 ( ! la*rymal gl&1 ) its ducts1 :i* keeps ! eye con/antly moi/1 & ^: secretions g on :ile we wake & :5 we sleep1 etc41 etc42 b ! prec$+ mu/ suffice4 ,) ?is brief description ( ! app>atus ( vision1 we proce$ to ! consid]ation ( ! means ( pres]v+ & improv+ ?is s5se1 & ( r5d]+ x tribut>y to intellectual & moral culture4 ,! rule requir+ t action %\ld alt]nate ) re/1 :i* has be5 s (t5 /at$1 & :i* applies to all ! organs ( bo? body & m9d1 %\ld be especially obs]v$ 9 relation to ! eye4 ,?is organ requires ex]cise1 & light is its appropriate /imulus2 b injury is ! inevitable consequ5ce ( keep+ x too con/antly employ$1 or too int5tly fix$ = a long "t on any object4 ,:5ev] ! eye is fix$ = any l5g? ( "t ^u an object :i* x di/+ui%es ) difficulty1 x exp]i5ces a pa9ful s5sation1 :i* is a sure indication t x has be5 ov]tax$4 ,! sight is also impair$ :5 ! eye is too little us$1 or :5 its natural /imulus is %ut out1 z is /rik+ly illu/rat$ 9 ! case ( p]sons conf9$ 9 dungeons4 ,a di/+ui%$ oculi/ has said t _m m5 daily impair or de/roy _! eyes by immod]ate use1 & t n a few h done ! same by too little use ( !m4 ,! exposure ( ! eyes to sudd5 transitions f weak to /rong light is v injuri\s4 ,?is may be reg>d$ z "o ( ! mu/ prolific causes ( weakness ( sight4 ,! injury is g5]ally gradual1 x is true1 b x is none ! less fatal on t acc\nt4 ,! imm$iate s5sation ( pa91 :5 a /rong light is br\ght into a d>k room1 %\ld be a suffici5t w>n+ to avoid su* sudd5 extremes4 ,! iris dilates & contracts1 & ?us enl>ges or dim9i%es ! size ( ! pupil z ! light t fails ^u ! eye is fa9t or /rong2 b ?is dilation & contraction are n in/antane\s4 ,!re are num]\s in/ances on record 9 :i* total bl9dness has result$ f a sudd5 transition f d>kness to ! brilliancy ( day4 ,! habit ( look+ at a bright light ( any k9d1 & especially ( wat*+ fla%es ( lightn+1 :i* is practic$ by _m1 is exce$+ly dang]\s4 ,! practice :i* _m /ud5ts & o!rs indulge 91 ( re/+ _! eyes z ! twilight ( ev5+ advances1 & all[+ ! pupil to dilate until x is q d>k1 & !n sudd5ly introduc+ a bright light1 is a palpable violation ( ?is rule1 & "o t is sure1 soon] or lat]1 s5sibly to injure ! eyes4 ,! exposure ( ! eyes sudd5ly to a /rong light ^u wak+ f sleep1 & all sudd5 *anges ( :atev] k9d f d>kness to int5se light1 %\ld be c>efully avoid$ by p]sons :o w\ld pres]ve _! sight unimpair$4 ,! /r5g? ( light us$ %\ld be regulat$ accord+ to ! p[]s ( ! eye4 ,?is is a g5]al1 ?\gh a v important rule4 ,bo? ! am\nt & ! di/ribution ( light %\ld be su* z to produce no unpleasant s5sations4 ,! eye possesses a c]ta9 degree ( adaptation to light1 accord+ z x is int5se or feeble4 ,"s eyes require a /rong] light ?an o!rs1 b all eyes are injur$ by be+ us$ 9 light t is too int5se or too feeble4 ,read+ by a /rong sunlight1 & by moon or /> light1 may be adduc$ z illu/rations :i* are alike pa9ful & injuri\s4 ,too little light is well-nigh z injuri\s z too mu*1 z he c n fail to h notic$ :o has _h occasion to travel a difficult road 9 a d>k night4 ,! injury1 9 su* cases1 is two-fold2 = :ile1 on ! "o h&1 ! radiat$ muscle ( ! iris is unduly contract$ = a l5g? ( "t1 9 ord] suffici5tly to enl>ge ! pupil to r5d] objects visible1 ! s5sitive ret9a1 on ! o!r h&1 is ov]tax$ to ga9 a k ( !m 9 too feeble light4 ,! pa9 :i* ! /ra9$ eye ?us exp]i5ces is only an indication & a w>n+ to ! individual ( ! p]man5t injury he is inflict+ ^u ?is delicate organ4 ,rooms %\ld be well & ev5ly light$4 ,! irregul> & flick]+ light ( common lamps & c&les is v injuri\s1 & %\ld be avoid$ 9 ! /udy1 & 9 all me*anical pursuits :]e ! eye is mu* tax$4 ,! be/ oculi/s concur 9 ! op9ion t reflect$ & conc5trat$ light are highly injuri\s4 ,sev]al cases ( actual bl9dness are record$ z hav+ occurr$ )9 a few ye>s f exposure to conc5trat$ light1 & weakness ( sight t has unfitt$ ! individual = usefulness ?r\gh life has (t5 be5 ?us produc$4 ,! rays ( ! sun are consid]$ z peculi>ly injuri\s :5 reflect$ f an opposite build+ or wall1 or ev5 :5 !y pass ?r\gh a w9d[1 &1 desc5d+ to ! floor1 are !nce reflect$ to ! eyes4 ,:at1 !n1 %all we say ( ! habit ( con/ruct+ s*ool-rooms 9 su* a mann] t p]haps a majority ( ! s*ol>s are oblig$ to write & /udy at desks ^u :i* ! direct rays ( ! sun %9e = a consid]able portion ( ! day unbrok5 unless x be by a pass+ cl\d6 ,& yet ?\s&s ( s*ool-h\ses are situat$ 9 su* a mann] z to create ?is v necessity all ov] our c\ntry4 ,at a mod]ate e/imate1 ! eyes ( "o hundr$ ?\s& *ildr5 are tax$ 9 ?is mann] 9 ! s*ools ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates e pass+ ye>4 ,a va/ am\nt ( discom=t & unhapp9ess is produc$ 9 ?is way t might easily be avoid$1 w\ld p>5ts & tea*]s take ! tr\ble4 ,any exposure ( ?is k9d %\ld be imm$iately obviat$1 ei!r by bl9ds1 or by curta9s ( "s s(t color4 ,a few newspap]s are mu* bett] ?an no?+4 ,! desks & furniture %\ld be ( su* a color t ! eye may repose ^u !m ) agreeable s5sations4 ,nature is clo!d ) drap]y ^: color is refre%+ to ! eye2 & x is false ta/e1 z well z false philosophy1 :i* attempts to dazzle 9 ord] to please x4 ,! use ( side lights is injuri\s4 ,! eye w accommodate itself to light ( diff]5t degrees ( int5sity )9 a limit$ range1 b bo? eyes %\ld be expos$ to an equal degree ( light4 ,! sympa?y betwe5 ! eyes is s great1 t if ! pupil ( "o eye is dilat$ by be+ kept 9 ! %ade1 z mu/1 ( c\rse1 be ! case :]e ! light is on "o side1 ! eye :i* is expos$ c n contract itself suffici5tly = protection1 & is almo/ inevitably injur$4 ,:5 view+ objects1 we %\ld avoid1 z f> z possible1 all oblique positions ( ! eye4 ,by neglect+ ?is rule1 an unnatural & p]man5t contraction ( ! muscle is liable to be produc$1 z is illu/rat$ 9 ! num]\s in/ances ( /rabismus1 or cross-eye1 :i* are e :]e too common4 ,we %\ld accu/om ! eye to view+ objects at diff]5t di/ances4 ,! muscles ^u :i* ! =m ( ! eye & ! size ( ! pupil dep5d are subject to ! g5]al laws ( muscul> action4 ,_! /r5g? & flexibility1 :i* are increas$ by heal?ful ex]cise1 are impair$ by disuse4 ,h5ce /ud5ts :o h neglect$ ?is rule1 & h accu/om$ !mselves = a long "t to view objects ne> by1 lose ! p[] ( adju/+ ! eye s z to view ?+s at a di/ance4 ,z a consequ5ce1 !y become ne>-sight$1 & put on glasses1 :51 by a prop] use ( ! eye1 _! vision might h be5 pres]v$ unimpair$ _m long ye>s4 ,i "k "s /ud5ts ^u :om ?is habit became s firmly fix$ be=e !y 7 tw5ty ye>s ( age1 t !y felt compell$ to put on glasses1 b :o1 unwill+ to contract s p]nici\s a habit 9 e>ly life1 comm5c$ a c\rse ( discipl9e 9 accordance ) ! sugge/ions "h giv54 ,by p]sev]ance1 _! eyes n only recov]$ _! =m] heal?ful action1 b became s improv$ t !y n[ possess ! s5se ( vision unimpair$ n only1 b 9 a v high /ate ( cultivation4 ,p]sons become ne> or long sight$ z ! objects to :i* !y are accu/om$ to direct ! eye are ne> or remote4 ,?is is illu/rat$ 9 ! case ( /ud5ts1 wat*-mak]s1 & engrav]s1 :o are accu/om$ to exam9e m9ute objects ne> ! eye1 &1 z a consequ5ce1 become ne>-sight$2 & ( surveyors1 hunt]s1 & sailors1 :o1 be+ accu/om$ to view objects at a di/ance1 become long-sight$4 ,by a prop] discipl9e ( ! eye1 p]sons may atta9 & reta9 ! p[] ( view+ objects ne> by & at a di/ance1 z is illu/rat$ 9 ! case ( ^? gunsmi?s :o are accu/om$ to manufacture guns1 & to try !m 9 %oot+ at a m>k at a great di/ance4 ,! prec$+ pr9ciples be+ borne 9 m9d 9 _! v>i\s applications4 ,i ne$1 p]haps1 /ate b "o m rule4 ,he :o w\ld secure cle> & di/9ct vision1 mu/ obs]ve all ^? rules :i* are necess>y to keep ! body 9 heal?4 ,! sympa?y ( ! eyes ) all ! o!r organs ( ! body is wond]ful & intimate4 ,!re is no o!r organ ^: /r5g? dep5ds s mu* on ! g5]al vigor ( ! sy/em4 ,/rict temp]ance 9 eat+ & dr9k+ may be reg>d$ z an indisp5sable requisite = ! pres]vation ( heal?y eyes4 ,to ?is may be attribut$ ! cle> heads ( ! anci5t philosoph]s1 :o1 unlike mo/ /ud5ts ( ! pres5t day1 ex]cis$ _! bodies & limbs z well z _! m9ds4 ,_! works are n ! production ( conge/$ bra9s1 = ^! 7 n oppress$ ) blood belong+ to o!r p>ts ( ! body4 ,!y /udi$ & ?\ght1 & ex]cis$ bo? body & m9d 9 ! op5 air1 & ?us obs]v$ ! laws ( heal?4 ,b among ! multitudes ( close /ud5ts ( ! pres5t day1 :o compla9 ( weakness ( ! eyes1 ! mis=tune is g5]ally attributable to an almo/ total neglect ( ! fir/ pr9ciples ( heal?4 ,:ile we reproa* & loa! ! man ^: eyes are r$ & weep+ ) ! effects ( intemp]ate dr9k+1 we cordially pity purbl9d /ud5ts1 z 9 "s s5se m>tyrs to ! cause ( le>n+4 ,dr4 ,reynolds1 a di/+ui%$ ,am]ican oculi/1 adm9i/]s a rebuke to su* :i* we fe> is too (t5 m]it$3 ,a clos] exam9ation ( _! hi/ory pres5ts a v diff]5t result4 ,our sympa?y may gr[ cool if we reg>d !m ) a physiologic eye4 ,x is a love ( ! fle%1 m ?an a love ( ! _s1 t too (t5 cl\ds _! vision4 ,x is too mu* food1 cr[d+ ) unnecess>y blood ! t5d] vessels ( ! ret9a4 ,x is too little ex]cise1 all[+ ^! accumulat$ fluids to settle d[n into fatal conge/ion4 ,x is positions :olly at v>iance ) ! fre$om ( ! circulation1 & v>i\s o!r imprud5ces1 :i* are ! results ( c>elessness or unju/ifiable ignorance4 ',! day labor] may eat :at he w1 provid$ x is :olesome1 & 8 eyes w n suff]4 ,b let ! /ud5t1 :o is call$ ^u to devote n only 8 eyes1 b 8 bra91 to sev]e labor1 live ^u highly nutriti\s food1 & su* z is difficult ( dige/ion1 & we %all soon see h[ 8 vision w be impair$1 ?r\gh ! vehem5t & p]sev]+ det]m9ation ( blood to ! head1 :i* su* a c\rse mu/ inevitably occasion4' ,s speaks ,be]1 ^: ext5sive opportunities ( obs]vation h p]haps nev] be5 exce$$4 ,! daily practice ( e obs]v+ oculi/ is fill$ ) co9cid5t exp]i5ce4 ,among ! preval5t habits ( /ud5ts by :i* ! eyes are injur$1 ! same writ] m5tions ! irritation produc$ by rubb+ !m on awak+ 9 ! morn+1 a practice :i* has 9 "s cases occasion$ p]man5t & incurable disease2 read+ :ile ! body is 9 a recumb5t position2 us+ ! eyes too e>ly aft] ! sy/em has be5 affect$ ) s]i\s disease2 ex]cis+ !m too mu* 9 ! exam9ation ( m9ute objects2 ! popul> plan ( us+ gre5 spectacles1 & ! use ( tobacco4 ,light :i* is suffici5t = di/9ct vision1 & :i* falls ov] ! %\ld] 9 an oblique direction1 f above1 ^u ! book or /udy table1 is g5]ally reg>d$1 & ) great propriety1 z be/ suit$ to ! eyes4 ,"s oculi/s pref] to h ! light fall ov] ! left %\ld]4 ,! acut5ess ( ?is s5se & ! ext5t ( its cultivation are v mu* great] 9 "s individuals & classes ( m5 ?an 9 o!rs4 ,?is is a fact t has be5 rem>k$ by obs]v+ p]sons4 ,its consequ5ces %\ld n be ov]look$1 = !y are nei!r few nor unimportant4 ,^? p]sons :o h be5 long accu/om$1 ei!r by ! necessity ( _! situation1 ! example ( ^? ab\t !m1 or ! judici\s c>e ( p>5ts & tea*]s1 to obs]ve att5tively ! relations ( p>ts1 ! symmetry ( =ms1 or ! %ades ( color1 h eyes t are p]petually solicit+ _! m9ds to notice "s beautiful or gr& p]ceptions4 ,:]ev] !y turn1 !y espy "s new1 &1 !re=e1 curi\s arrangem5t ( ! elem5ts ( %ape1 "s /rik+ comb9ation ( light & %ade1 or "s delici\s peculi>ity ( color+4 ,! multiplicity & v>iety ( _! p]ceptions mu/ & d increase ! numb] ( _! ?\ghts1 or give to _! ?\ghts great] compass & def9it5ess4 ,su* p]sons are likely to become poets1 or pa9t]s1 or sculptors1 or ar*itects4 ,at any rate1 !y w appreciate & enjoy ! productions ( o!rs :o h devot$ !mselves to ^! delightful arts4 ,& w n su* p]sons be mo/ readily awak5$ to descry & adore ! p[]1 ! skill1 & ! b5efic5ce ( ! ,great ,ar*itect :o re>$ ! /up5d\s fabric ( ! univ]se1 :o devis$ ! inf9ite v>iety ( =ms :i* div]sify creation1 & ^: p5cil has s pr(usely deck$ e "w ) myriads ( m+l+ dyes1 result+ all f a few p>5t colors8 ,to an unpractic$ eye1 ! beauties & wond]s ( creation are all lo/4 ,! surface ( ! e>? is a blank1 or1 at be/1 b a confus$ & mi/y page4 ,su* an eye passes ov] ?is sc5e ( ?+s1 & makes no communication to ! m9d t w awak5 ?\ght1 mu* less enk9dle ! _s ( dev\t adoration1 & fill ! s\l ) love to ,him ^: univ]sal love smiles e :]e4 ,mr4 ,may speaks no less s5sibly ?an eloqu5tly :5 he says1 ,i may be extravagant 9 my e/imation ( ! importance ( ! culture ( ! eye & ! e>1 b s x is1 t :ile ,i h be5 read+ ! writ+s ( ! ,hebrew ,prophets1 & ( ^? o!r gift$ b>ds :o commun$ s int5tly ) nature & ) nature's ,god1 x has seem$ to me impossible t any "o c\ld ent] fully into all ! t5d]ness1 beauty1 & sublimity ( _! language1 or receive into 8 he>t all its peculi>ity ( mean+1 unless 8 own eye _h be5 us$ to trace ! skill ( t h& :i* fram$ & fa%ion$ e ?+ t is1 & to descry ! delicacy ( t p5cil :i* has pa9t$ all ! fl[]s ( ! field1 nor unless 8 own e> has le>n$ to p]ceive ! melody & h>mony ( s\nds4 ,we c discipl9e ! sight directly1 & to a v great ext5t2 & we c h ! satisfaction ( p]ceiv+ ! progressive improvem5t ( ! faculty4 ,= ?is purpose1 e s*ool %\ld be furni%$ ) appropriate app>atus4 ,a set ( measures is indisp5sable4 ,i w illu/rate by an example4 ,= ! b5efit ( ! prim>y dep>tm5t connect$ ) a sem9>y ( le>n+ t 0 =m]ly = sev]al ye>s "u my sup]vision1 ,i con/ruct$ a set ( rules = l9e> measurem5t4 ,_! bread? & ?ickness 7 uni=m1 ea* be+ an in* wide & half an in* ?ick4 ,! set consi/$ ( n9e rules1 ^: l5g?s 7 z foll[s3 f\r 7 ea* "o foot long2 "o1 a foot & a half long2 two1 two feet2 "o1 two & a half feet2 & "o1 ?ree feet4 ,e rule _h a small hole bor$ ?r\gh ea* end4 ,i _h also a numb] ( small p9s turn$ j ! "r size to fit ^! holes4 ,i h s9ce submitt$ to sev]al hundr$ tea*]s1 9 in/itutes & else:]e1 my mode ( comb9+ & us+ ^! measures2 & f ! deep int]e/ :i* a l>ge numb] ( intellig5t p>5ts & tea*]s 9 diff]5t localities h manife/$ 9 ! subject1 ,i v5ture to ref] to x 9 ?is connection4 ,i fir/ tri$ ! exp]im5t t5 ye>s ago1 ) a class ( ab\t tw5ty *ildr5 f f\r to sev5 ye>s ( age4 ,sev]al ( ^! c\ld n read1 & "s ( !m _h n le>n$ ! alphabet4 ,! *ildr5 7 fir/ l$ to obs]ve c>efully ! l5g? ( ^! sev]al rules1 until !y c\ld det]m9e at sight ! l5g? ( ea*4 ,= sev]al ( ! fir/ lessons "s ( !m w\ld misjudge4 ,!y w\ld1 = in/ance1 call a two foot rule "o & a half or two & a half feet long4 ,9 su* cases _! judgm5ts 7 imm$iately correct$ by ! application ( two "o foot rules4 ,!y 7 !n l$ to obs]ve ) c>e1 tables1 desks1 etc41 & to e/imate _! l5g?1 & 7 aft]w>d p]mitt$ to measure !m1 & discov] ! degree ( accuracy 9 _! decisions4 ,aft] obta9+ ! op9ions ( ! *ildr5 9 relation to ! l5g? or height ( an object1 ,i w\ld measure x myself 9 ! pres5ce ( ! class4 ,:5 ! class became a little exp]i5c$1 we exam9$ ! l5g?1 bread?1 & height ( rooms1 ( h\ses1 & ( *ur*es2 & !n ! di/ance ( objects less or m remote1 correct+ or confirm+ _! e/imates by ! application ( ! rule or measure1 :i* gave a p]man5t int]e/ to ! ex]cise4 ,by ex]cis+ ! class 9 ?is mann]1 n to exce$ half an h\r a day1 !y w\ld1 at ! end ( ! fir/ qu>t]1 judge ( ea* o!r's height1 ( ! height ( p]sons g5]ally1 ( ! l5g? ( v>i\s objects1 ( ! size ( build+s1 & ( ! dim5sions ( y>ds1 g>d5s1 & fields1 ) great] accuracy ?an ! av]age ( adult p]sons1 z 0 te/$ by actual measurem5t 9 "s in/ances :]e !re 0 a disagreem5t 9 op9ion4 ,by hold+ ^! rules 9 diff]5t positions1 ! *ildr5 readily became famili> ) ! mean+ & practical application ( ! t]ms p]p5dicul>1 horizontal1 & oblique4 ,!y w\ld also tell :i* t]m is applicable to ! diff]5t p>ts ( ! /ove-pipe2 to ! diff]5t p>ts ( ! furniture ( ! s*ool-room2 to ! floor1 sides ( ! room1 ro(1 etc42 & to all objects ) :i* !y 7 famili>4 ,b ! read] may inquire1 :at is ! use ( ! holes & ! p9s8 ,by p9n+ two rules toge!r1 "o re/+ ^u ! o!r1 & !n turn+ "o ( !m ar\nd1 ! class w readily ga9 a correct idea ( ! use ( ! t]m angle2 also ( ! t]ms acute angle1 "r angle1 & obtuse angle4 ,by p9n+ ?ree ( ^! rules toge!r at _! ends1 ! *ildr5 n only see1 b c h&le ! simple/ =m ( geometrical figures4 ,:5 ?is figure is def9$1 !y are enabl$ p]man5tly to possess !mselves ( ! mean+ ( ! ^w triangle1 by ! simultane\s ex]cise ( ?ree s5ses4 ,by comb9+ rules ( ! same & diff]5t l5g?s1 !y become famili> ) equilat]al1 isosceles1 scal5e1 "r1 & obtuse angl$ triangles4 ,by comb9+1 9 ?is way1 su* a set ( rules z ,i h describ$1 ! *ild readily becomes famili> ) ! names & _m ( ! prop]ties ( m ?an half a score ( geometrical figures1 ) less ef=t on ! "p ( ! tea*] ?an w\ld be requir$ to tea* ! *ild ! names ( ! same numb] ( lett]s4 ,^! ex]cises1 !n1 may well prec$e ! le>n+ ( ! alphabet1 or1 at lea/1 proce$ simultane\sly ) x4 ,by ?is means ! *ild's int]e/ 9 ! s*ool is increas$2 8 s5ses are cultivat$2 he is enabl$ bett] to fix 8 att5tion2 he progresses m rapidly & ?or\ghly 9 8 juv5ile /udies1 & at ! same "t lays ! f\ndation = future excell5ce 9 p5man%ip & draw+1 & o!r useful arts4 ,! *ild may also be taught to discrim9ate ! v>ieties ( gre5 9 leaves & o!r ?+s2 ( yell[1 r$1 & blue1 9 fl[]s & pa9ts2 & to di/+ui% n only ! %ades ( all ! colors1 b _! respective proportions 9 mixtures ( two or m4 ,_m p]sons1 = want ( su* e>ly culture1 h gr[n to ye>s )\t ! ability ( di/+ui%+ betwe5 colors1 z o!rs h :o h neglect$ ! culture ( ! e> )\t ! ability ( di/+ui%+ betwe5 tunes4 ,draw+1 :e!r ( maps1 ! %ape ( objects1 or ( l&scapes1 is admirably adapt$ to discipl9e ! sight4 ,*ildr5 %\ld be enc\rag$ c>efully to survey & accurately to describe ! prom95t po9ts ( a l&scape1 bo? 9 nature & 9 picture4 ,let !m po9t out ! elevations & depressions2 ! m[+1 ! pa/ure1 ! wood1 & ! tillage l&2 ! trees1 ! h\ses1 & ! /reams4 ,li/5 to _! acc\nts ( _! plays1 walks1 & j\rneys1 & ( any ev5ts ( :i* !y h be5 witnesses4 ,9 ^! & all o!r ex]cises ( ! sight1 *ildr5 %\ld be enc\rag$ to be /rictly accurate2 & :5ev] x is practicable1 ! judgm5t !y pron\nce & ! descriptions !y give %\ld1 if errone\s1 be correct$ by ! tru?4 ,*ildr5 c n fail to be int]e/$ 9 su* ex]cises2 & ev5 :]e !y h be5 c>eless & inaccurate obs]v]s1 !y w soon become m wat*ful & exact4 ,x is by ! b5ign influ5ces ( education only t ! s5ses c be improv$4 ,& /ill _! culture has be5 entirely neglect$ by p]haps ! majority ( p>5ts & tea*]s1 :o 9 o!r respects h manife/$ a comm5dable degree ( int]e/ 9 ?is subject4 ,t by judici\s culture ! s5ses may be educat$ to activity & accuracy1 & be made to s5d l>g] & pur] /reams ( k to ! s\l1 has be5 unansw]ably prov$ by an accumulation ( unque/ionable te/imony4 ,mo/ p]sons1 h[ev]1 all[ ! s5ses to rema9 un$ucat$1 except z !y may be cultivat$ by =tuit\s circum/ances4 ,eyes h !y1 b !y see n2 e>s h !y1 b !y he> n2 nei!r d !y und]/&4 ,x is n impossible1 nor p]haps improbable1 t he :o has ^! two s5ses prop]ly cultivat$ w d]ive m unalloy$ pleasure 9 sp5d+ a brief h\r 9 gaz+ ^u a beautiful l&scape1 9 exam9+ = ! same l5g? ( "t a simple fl[]1 or 9 li/5+ to ! sweet melody ( ! l9net z x w>bles its song ( praise1 ?an ^? :o h neglect$ ! cultivation ( ! s5ses exp]i5ce dur+ _! :ole lives6 ,?is subject comm5ds itself to all :o reg>d _! individual happ9ess1 or :o desire to r5d] _! usefulness z ext5sive z possible4 ,^u p>5ts1 tea*]s1 & cl]gym51 :o are m imm$iately conc]n$ 9 ! correct education ( ! ris+ g5]ation1 its claims are imp]ative4 ,let !m be met1 9 connection ) o!r appropriate means n[ 9 use & h]eaft] to be put 9 requisition1 & our s*ools c n fail to become increas+ly attractive2 truancy1 h5ce1 w be less frequ5t1 & ! b5ign influ5ces result+ f ! correct education ( ! :ole man w inspire ! b5evol5t & philan?ropic to r5ew$ & increas$ ef=ts to secure ! "r education ( all m51 a condition ^u :i* ! maximum ( human happ9ess dep5ds4 ,,*apt] ,,vii4 ,,! ,,necessity ,,( ,,moral ,,& ,,religi\s ,,education4 ,! exaltation ( tal5t1 z x is call$1 above virtue & religion1 is ! curse ( ! age4 ,education is n[ *iefly a /imulus to le>n+1 & ?us m5 acquire p[] )\t ! pr9ciples :i* alone make x a good4 ,tal5t is wor%ip$2 b if divorc$ f rectitude1 x w prove m ( a demon ?an a god4--,,*ann+4 ,religion ought to be ! basis ( education1 accord+ to (t5-repeat$ writ+s & declamations4 ,! ass]tion is true4 ,*ri/ianity furni%es ! true basis = rais+ up "*2 b ! f\ndation mu/ be laid 9 a v diff]5t mann] f t :i* is commonly practic$4 99 99 99 ,we c1 inde$1 sc>cely conceive ( ! purity1 ! self-d5ial1 & ! p[] t might be giv5 to human "* by sy/ematic developm5t4--,,lalor4 ,we h n[ rea*$ a dep>tm5t ( our subject ( surpass+ importance1 = h[ev] judici\sly physical & intellectual cultivation may h be5 conduct$1 if we make a mi/ake "h1 all is lo/4 ,k is p[]1 x is true2 b we %\ld be> 9 m9d t x is pot5t = evil z well z = good2 & t1 :e!r its effects be good or ill1 dep5ds entirely ^u ! dispositions & s5tim5ts by :i* x is impell$ & guid$4 ,num]\s h be5 ! in/ances illu/rative ( ! fact t ! greate/ sc\rges ( our race are m5 ( gigantic cultivat$ intellect4 ,:]e k b qualifies its possessor = inflict+ mis]y1 ignorance w\ld inde$ be bliss4 ,i f9d my views on ?is important subject s admirably express$ 9 ! writ+s ( "s ( ! mo/ em95t m5 ( ! age1 t ,i feel x bo? a privilege & a duty to en=ce ! s5tim5ts ,i w\ld inculcate by ! introduction ( _! te/imony4 ,dr4 ,humphrey obs]ves1#be t x mu/ /rike e "o :o is capable ( tak+ a j & compreh5sive view ( ! subject1 t ! common idea ( a good education--( su* an education z e *ild 9 ! /ate ought to receive--is exce$+ly n>r[ & defective4 ,mo/ m5 leave out1 or reg>d z ( v little importance1 "s ( ! ess5tial elem5ts4 ,!y seem to =get t ! *ild has a consci5ce & a he>t to be educat$ z well z an intellect4 ,if !y d n lay too mu* /ress on m5tal culture1 :i*1 inde$1 is h>dly possible1 !y lay by f> too little ^u t :i* is moral & religi\s4 ,!y expect to elevate ! *ild to 8 prop] /ation 9 society1 to make him wise & happy1 an hone/ man1 a virtu\s citiz51 & a good patriot1 by furni%+ him ) a com=table s*ool-h\se1 suitable class-books1 compet5t tea*]s1 &1 if he is poor1 pay+ 8 qu>t] bills1 :ile !y greatly und]rate1 if !y d n entirely ov]look1 t high moral tra9+1 )\t :i* k is ! p[] ( do+ evil r ?an good4 ,x may possibly nurture up a race ( intellectual giants1 b1 l ! sons ( ,anak1 !y w be f> readi] to trample d[n ! ,"l's h]itage ?an to protect & cultivate x4 #be ,9 a lecture be=e ! ,am]ican ,in/itute ( ,in/ruction1 on ! ,moral & ,religi\s ,tra9+ ( ,*ildr54 ,education is n a talismanic ^w1 b an art1 or r a sci5ce2 &1 ,i may add1 ! mo/ important ( all sci5ces4 ,x is ! "r1 ! prop] tra9+ ( ! :ole man1 ! ?or\gh & symmetrical cultivation ( all 8 noble faculties4 ,if he 7 end[$ ) a m]e physical nature1 he w\ld ne$1 he w\ld receive none b a physical tra9+4 ,on ! o!r h&1 if he 7 a purely intellectual be+1 intellectual culture w\ld compreh5d all t c\ld be includ$ 9 a p]fect education4 ,& 7 x possible = a moral be+ to exi/ )\t ei!r body or intellect1 !re w\ld be no?+ b ! he>t or affections to educate4 ,b man is a complex1 & n a simple be+4 ,he is nei!r all body1 nor all m9d1 nor all he>t4 ,9 popul> language1 he has ?ree natures1 a corporeal1 a rational1 & a moral4 ,^! ?ree1 my/]i\sly unit$1 are ess5tial to con/itute a p]fect man2 & z !y all beg9 to exp& 9 v e>ly *ildhood1 ! prov9ce ( education is to wat*1 & assi/1 & %ape ! developm5t2 to tra91 & /r5g!n1 & discipl9e nei!r ( !m alone1 b ea* accord+ to its intr9sic & relative importance4 ,:5 x is said t 'man is a religi\s be+1' we %\ld c>efully inquire 9 :at respects he is s4 ,9 a gu>d$ & limit$ s5se ! proposition is und\bt$ly true4 ,t]rible z 0 ! %ock :i* 8 moral nature receiv$ by '! fall1' x 0 n :olly buri$ 9 ! ru9s4 ,?\gh black5$ & cru%$ to ! effac+ ( t glori\s image 9 :i* he 0 creat$1 8 moral susceptibilities 7 n de/roy$4 ,! capacity ( be+ re/or$1 & ( inf9ite improvem5t 9 k & virtue1 0 left4 ,9 ! l[e/ dep?s ( ignorance & debasem5t1 ! human s\l feels t x mu/ h "s religion1 "s support1 "s refuge ':5 fle% & he>t fail4' ,!re is a natural dread ( annihilation1 a long+ aft] immortality1 a />t+ back f ! la/ leap 9 ! d>k4 ,m51 if !y h n true religion1 w cl+ to ! greate/ absurdities z sub/itutes4 ,h5ce ! pagan _w is full ( idols4 ,tribes & nations seem+ly de/itute ( all moral s5se1 nev]!less h 'gods _m & lords _m4' ,if !re are any cold-blood$1 incorrigible a!i/s 9 ! _w1 y mu/ look = !m n 9 hea!n l&s4 ,y mu/ g :]e ! alt>s ( ! true ,god h be5 ?r[n d[n4 ,9 ?is view1 man is a religi\s be+4 ,he has a moral nature4 ,he is susceptible ( deep & controll+ religi\s impressions4 ,he c1 at a v e>ly p]iod ( life1 be made to see & feel ! diff]5ce betwe5 "r & wrong--betwe5 good & evil4 ,he c1 :ile yet a *ild1 be influ5c$ by hope & by fe>--by reason1 by p]suasion1 & by ! ^w ( ,god2 & all ?is %[s t religion 0 int5d$ to be a prom95t "p ( 8 education4 ,!re c be no mi/ake 9 ?is4 ,x is pla9ly ! w ( ,god t ! moral z well z ! intellectual faculties %\ld be cultivat$4 ,e *ild1 :e!r 9 ! family or ! s*ool1 is to be treat$ by ^? :o h ! c>e ( him z a moral & acc\ntable be+4 ,8 religi\s susceptibilities invite to ! mo/ dilig5t culture1 & virtually enjo9 x ^u e tea*]4 ,! simple /udy ( man's moral nature1 be=e we op5 ! ,bible1 unavoidably leads to ! conclusion t any sy/em ( popul> education mu/ be extremely defective :i* does n make special prevision = ?is bran* ( public in/ruction4 ,ev5 if !re _h be5 no fatal lapse ( our race--if our *ildr5 7 n naturally deprav$1 nor incl9$ to evil 9 ! slighte/ degree1 /ill !y w\ld ne$ religi\s z well z physical & intellectual guidance & discipl9e4 ,x is true1 ! educator's task w\ld be inf9itely easi] & pleasant] ?an x n[ is1 b !y w\ld ne$ in/ruction4 ,!y w\ld ent] ! _w j z ignorant ( _! immortal de/9y z ( lett]s4 ,!y w\ld h e ?+ to le>n ab\t ! be+ & p]fections ( ,god2 e ?+ ab\t 8 rightful claims z _! ,creator1 ,pres]v]1 & moral ,gov]nor2 & e ?+ t\*+ _! duties & relations to _! fell[-m54 ,moreov]1 !re is e reason to believe t moral & religi\s tra9+ w\ld be necess>y to /r5g!n ! pr9ciple ( virtue 9 ! ris+ g5]ation1 & confirm !m 9 habits ( ob$i5ce & b5evol5ce4 ,z1 not)/&+ _! bodies are p]fect bodies1 & _! m9ds p]fect m9ds at _! creation1 no memb] or faculty be+ want+1 /ill !y ne$ all ! helps ( education2 s1 if !y _h a p]fectly upright moral nature1 !y w\ld ne$ ! same helps4 ,!re is no m reason to ?9k1 _h s9 nev] ent]$ into ! _w1 e *ild w\ld h gr[n up to ! 'fullness ( ! /ature ( a p]fect man' 9 a religi\s s5se1 )\t an appropriate education1 ?an t he w\ld h become a s*ol> )\t x4 ,b ! little be+s t are all ! :ile spr++ into life ar\nd u to be educat$ are ! s9ful (fspr+ ( apo/ate p>5ts4 ,h[ deeply deprav$1 h[ /rongly incl9$ to s9 f ! cradle1 ?is is n ! place to inquire4 ,all agree t !y %[ an e>ly bias 9 ! wrong direction2 & t1 left to gr[ up )\t moral culture & re/ra9t1 ! great majority w\ld g f> a/ray1 & become bad memb]s ( society4 ,?is is suffici5t = our pres5t argum5t4 ,! evil bias mu/ be c\nt]act$4 ,= ! safety ( ! /ate1 z well z = _! own sakes1 all its *ildr5 mu/ be br\ght "u ! =m+ & sanative influ5ce ( religi\s education4 ,no adequate sub/itute 0 ev] devis$1 or ev] c be4 ',tra9 up a *ild 9 ! way he %\ld g1 & :5 he is old he w n dep>t f x4' ,?is is div9e2 & ! opposite is equally true4 ,tra9 up a *ild 9 ! way he %\ld n g1 or--:i* comes to ab\t ! same ?+--leave him to take ! wrong way ( 8 own accord1 & :5 he is old he w n dep>t f t4 ,8 tread w be heavi] & heavi] ^u ! broad & beat5 track4 ',m5 d n ga!r grapes ( ?orns1 nor figs ( ?i/les4' ',c ! ,e?iopian *ange 8 sk91 or ! leop>d 8 spots8 ,!n may ^? also d good :o are accu/om$ to d evil4' ,moral & religi\s tra9+ ought1 und\bt$ly1 to be comm5c$ 9 e family mu* e>li] ?an *ildr5 are s5t to s*ool1 & no p>5t c ?r[ (f ^u ! s*oolma/] ! responsibility ( br++ !m up 9 ! 'nurture & admonition ( ! ,"l4' ,he mu/ himself tea* !m ! good way1 & lead !m along 9 x by 8 own example4 ,b few p>5ts1 h[ev]1 h ! leisure & ability to d all t is dem&$ 9 ?is vitally ess5tial bran* ( education4 ,all are entitl$ to ! aid ( _! pa/ors & religi\s tea*]s2 & e good %eph]d w feel a t5d] conc]n = ! lambs ( 8 flock1 & w fe$ !m ) ! s9c]e milk ( ! ^w bo? 9 ! sanctu>y & at ! fireside4 ,b ! "w %\ld n /op "h4 ,!re ought to be a co-op]ation ( good influ5ces 9 all ! sem9>ies ( le>n+1 & especially 9 ! prim>y s*ools4 ,?is co-op]ation w\ld be necess>y if moral & religi\s h\sehold in/ruction 7 univ]sally giv51 & if all ! *ildr5 ( ! /ate regul>ly att5d$ public wor%ip1 & enjoy$ ! b5efits ( cate*etical & ,sabba?-s*ool tea*+4 ,b ^? :o w\ld bani% religion f our admirable sy/ems ( popul> education by ! plea t x belongs exclusively to ! family & ! ,*ur*1 ought to rememb] :at multitudes ( *ildr5 ?is exclusion w\ld deprive ( _! bir?-"r z memb]s ( a ,*ri/ian community4 ,!re are t5s ( ?\s&s 9 our own heav5-bless$ ,new ,engl&1 & hundr$s ( ?\s&s 9 ^! ,unit$ ,/ates1 :o receive no religi\s in/ruction :atev] at home1 & ^: p>5ts are connect$ ) no religi\s d5om9ation4 ,:at is to be done8 ,we c nei!r compel ignorant & graceless fa!rs & mo!rs to tea* _! *ildr5 ! fe> ( ! ,"l1 nor to s5d !m to any place ( wor%ip or ,sabba?-s*ool4 ,i ask aga91 :at is to be done8 ,^! neglect$ *ildr5 are 9 ! mid/ ( u4 ,our cities sw>m ) !m4 ,!y are scatt]$ e :]e ov] our beautiful hills & valleys4 ,gr[ up !y w among our own *ildr51 )\t pr9ciple & )\t morals1 to brea! mildew ^u ! "y virtues :i* we h s[n 9 our families1 & to prey ^u ! de>e/ int]e/s ( society1 unless somebody c>es = _! moral & religi\s education4 ,& :]e %all !y receive ?is education1 if n 9 ! s*ool-h\se8 ,y w f9d !m !re1 if 9 any place ( in/ruction1 & multitudes ( !m y c rea* n[h]e else4 ,a m ,utopian dream nev] visit$ ! bra9 ( a s5sible man ?an t :i* promises to u%] 9 a new gold5 age by ! diffusion & ?or\ghness ( :at is commonly und]/ood by popul> education4 ,) all its funds1 & improv$ s*ool-h\ses1 & able tea*]s1 & gramm>s1 & maps1 & black-bo>ds1 su* an education is ess5tially defective4 ,)\t moral pr9ciple at bottom to guide & control its en]gies1 education is a %>p sword 9 ! h&s ( a practic$ & reckless f5c]4 ,i h no hesitation 9 say+1 t if we c\ld h b "o1 moral & religi\s culture is ev5 m important ?an a k ( lett]s2 & t ! =m] c n be exclud$ f any sy/em ( popul> education )\t inf9ite haz>d4 ,happily1 ! two are s f> f be+ ho/ile p[]s 9 ! common doma91 t !y are natural allies1 mov+ on h>moni\sly 9 ! same "r l9e1 & mutually /r5g!n+ ea* o!r4 ,! m virtue y c infuse into ! he>ts ( y\r pupils1 ! bett] !y w improve _! "t1 & ! m rapid w be _! pr(ici5cy 9 _! common /udies4 ,! mo/ successful tea*]s h f\nd ! half h\r devot$ to moral & religi\s in/ruction m pr(itable to ! s*ol> ?an any o!r half h\r 9 ! day2 & !re are no tea*]s :o gov]n _! s*ools ) s mu* ease z ?is class4 ,?\gh puni%m5t is sometimes necess>y :]e moral influ5ce has done its utmo/1 ! consci5ce is1 9 all ord9>y cases1 an inf9itely bett] discipl9>ian ?an ! rod4 ,:5 y c get a s*ool to obey & to /udy because x is "r1 & f a conviction ( acc\ntability to ,god1 y h ga9$ a victory :i* is wor? m ?an all ! p5al /atutes 9 ! _w2 b y c nev] ga9 su* a victory )\t lay+ great /ress ^u religi\s pr9ciple 9 y\r daily in/ructions4 ,!re is1 ,i am aw>e1 9 ! m9ds ( "s w>m & respectable fri5ds ( popul> education1 an objection aga9/ incorporat+ religi\s in/ruction into ! sy/em z "o ( its ess5tial elem5ts4 ,x c n1 !y ?9k1 be done )\t br++ 9 along ) x ! evils ( sect>ianism4 ,if ?is objection c\ld n be obviat$1 x w\ld1 ,i confess1 h great weight 9 my own m9d4 ,x supposes t if any religi\s in/ruction is giv51 ! di/9ctive t5ets ( "s p>ticul> d5om9ation mu/ be inculcat$4 ,b is ?is at all necess>y8 ,mu/ we ei!r exclude religion altoge!r f our common s*ools1 or tea* "s "o ( ! _m cre$s :i* are embrac$ by z _m diff]5t sects 9 ! ecclesia/ical cal5d>8 ,surely n4 ,!re are c]ta9 great moral & religi\s pr9ciples 9 :i* all d5om9ations are agre$2 su* z ! t5 comm&m5ts1 our ,savior's gold5 rule--e ?+1 9 %ort1 :i* lies )9 ! :ole range ( duty to ,god & duty to our fell[-m54 ,i %\ld be glad to "k :at sect>ianism !re c be 9 a s*oolma/]'s tea*+ my *ildr5 ! fir/ & second tables ( ! moral law2 to 'love ! ,"l _! ,god ) all _! he>t1 & _! neighbor z !mselves2' 9 tea*+ !m to keep ! ,sabba? holy1 to honor _! p>5ts1 n to swe>1 nor dr9k1 nor lie1 nor *eat1 nor /eal1 nor covet4 ,v]ily1 if ?is is :at any mean by sect>ianism1 !n ! m we h ( x 9 our common s*ools ! bett]4 ',x is a lam5tation1 & %all be = a lam5tation1' t !re is s little ( x4 ,i h n ! lea/ hesitation 9 say+1 t no in/ructor1 :e!r male or female1 ought ev] to be employ$ :o is n bo? able & will+ to tea* morality & religion 9 ! mann] :i* ,i h j allud$ to4 ,7 ?is fai?fully done 9 all ! prim>y s*ools ( ! nation1 our civil & religi\s lib]ties1 & all our bless$ in/itutions1 w\ld be incomp>ably saf] ?an !y are n[4 ,! p>5t :o says1 ,i d n s5d my *ild to s*ool to le>n religion1 b to be taught read+1 & writ+1 & gramm>1 kn[s n ':at mann] ( _s he is (4' ,x is v c]ta91 t su* a fa!r w tea* 8 *ildr5 any ?+ b religion at home2 & is x "r t !y %\ld be left to gr[ up z hea!ns 9 a ,*ri/ian l&8 ,if he says to ! s*oolma/]1 ,i d n wi% y to make my son an ,episcopalian1 a ,bapti/1 a ,presbyt]ian1 or a ,me?odi/1 v well4 ,t is n ! s*oolma/]'s bus9ess4 ,he 0 n hir$ to tea* sect>ianism4 ,b if ! p>5t means to say1 ,i d n s5d my *ild to s*ool to h y tea* him to fe> ,god & keep 8 comm&m5ts1 to be temp]ate1 hone/1 & true1 to be a good son & a good man1 !n ! *ild is to be piti$ = hav+ su* a fa!r2 & ) good reason might we tremble = all t we hold mo/ de>1 if su* remon/rances 7 to be multipli$ & to prevail4 ,9 ?is connection ,i c n refra9 f e>ne/ly recomm5d+ ! daily read+ ( ! ,scriptures1 & pray]1#bf 9 all our s*ools1 z em95tly calculat$ to ex]t a p[]ful moral influ5ce ^u ! s*ol>s4 ,x is melan*oly to ?9k :at sw>ms ( *ildr5 are gr[+ up ev5 9 ,massa*usetts--& :at multitudes ( !m 9 e "o ( ^! ,unit$ ,/ates--:o w seldom1 if ev]1 he> ! voice ( pray] if !y d n he> x 9 ! s*ools1 & to :om ! ,bible w rema9 a seal$ book if x be n op5$ !re4 ,i w\ld n insi/ t e prim>y tea*] %\ld be absolutely requir$ to op5 or close ! s*ool daily ) pray]4 ,great & good z ,i ?9k ! influ5ce ( su* an arrangem5t w\ld be1 x might be impossible1 at pres5t1 to f9d a suffici5t numb] ( in/ructors o!rwise well qualifi$ :o are fitt$ to lead 9 ?is ex]cise4 ,! numb]1 h[ev]1 ,i believe is /eadily increas+4 ,x is probably too late = me1 b ,i hope t "s ( y1 g5tlem51 may live to see ! "t :5 ! voice ( pray]1 & ( praise too1 w be he>d 9 e s*ool-h\se ( ! l&4 ,c\ld ,i "k t ?is w\ld be ! case1 x w\ld give me a confid5ce 9 ! p]petuity ( our civil & religi\s lib]ties :i* ,i %\ld exce$+ly rejoice to *]i% z ,i pass (f f ! /age4 #bf ,i w\ld n be und]/ood to recomm5d t any p]son :o does n love ! ,bible1 & ! doctr9es :i* x inculcates1 & :o does n seek aft] t purity ( he>t :i* x e :]e enjo9s1 %\ld conduct devotional ex]cises 9 s*ool2 b ,i w\ld respectfully inquire :e!r any :o d n delight 9 su* ex]cises1 & :o d n e/eem x a privilege to lead ! devotions ( ^? "u _! *>ge1 d n lack an ess5tial qualification to tea* s*ool4 ,our laws g5]ally require t ! s*ool-tea*] be1 among o!r ?+s1 well qualifi$ 9 respect to moral "* ,,to ,,in/ruct a ,prim>y ,s*ool4 ,x w\ld seem t ^! patriotic s5tim5ts1 en=c$ by su* p]suasive eloqu5ce by ?is v5]able man1 c h>dly fail to f9d a p]man5t lodgm5t 9 e truly ,am]ican bosom4 ,! great pr9ciples ( natural & reveal$ religion1 9 :i* all are agre$1 ought to be inculcat$ 9 our common s*ool-books1#bg j z e tea*] ought orally to in/ill ^! pr9ciples into ! m9ds ( 8 pupils4 ,t w be a happy day1 especially to ! *ildr5 ( ignorant & vici\s p>5ts1 :5 !y %all le>n m ( t fe> ( ! ,"l :i* is ! beg9n+ ( k 9 ! s*ool-h\se ?an !y h ev] yet done4 ,nor is x discov]$ t ! practice ( tea*+ morals accord+ to ! ,*ri/ian code1 & us+ ! ,bible = t purpose1 ! great majority adopt+ x1 is any infr+em5t :atev] on ! religi\s rights & lib]ty ( any individual4 #bg ,! day ( writ+ ! above1 a lady m5tion$ to me ! foll[+ gratify+ illu/ration ( my idea4 ,! subject ( x is a little girl only five ye>s ( age1 :o has nev] att5d$ s*ool1 b has le>n$ to read at home1 "u h] "m's tuition4 ,aft] read+ 9 ! fir/ numb] ( "o ( our excell5t s]ies ( read+ books1 ! /ory ( ! hone/ boy :o nev] told a lie1 = p]haps ! tw5tie? "t1 ! little girl said to h] "m1 ,"m1 ,i l to read ?is /ory1 = x always makes me feel v happy4 ,simil> in/ances ,i h witness$ scores ( times1 9 ! family & 9 ! s*ool4 ,tea*]s may almo/ inv>iably lead _! s*ol>s to admire & copy ! examples ( good *ildr5 ab\t :om !y read1 & to dislike & avoid ^? ( bad ones4 ,?is p[] ov] *ildr5 %\ld always be ex]cis$ = good4 ,! anecdote ( ! ,indian t\*+ ?is subject may arre/ ! att5tion ( "s read] :o w\ld o!rwise p]use ^! p>agraphs )\t pr(it1 & fix indelibly 9 8 m9d ! s5tim5t ,i w\ld inculcate1 & ,i !re=e ins]t x4 ,! ,indian inquires ( ! :ite man :at religion he pr(esses4 ,! :ite man replies1 ,n any4 ,n any8 says ! ,indian1 9 a/oni%m5t2 !n y are j l my dog2 he's got no religion4 ,we h m5 en\gh l ! ,indian's dog1 )\t tea*+ our *ildr5 to be l him4 ,! ,fr5*1 9 ! days ( ! ,revolution1 vot$ ,god f 8 ?rone4 ,!y aboli%$ ! ,sabba?1 & decl>$ t ,*ri/ianity 0 a nullity4 ,!y set ap>t "o day 9 t51 n = religion1 b = idl5ess & lic5ti\sness4 ,hi/ory in=ms u t ! goddess ( ,reason1 p]sonifi$ by a nak$ pro/itute1 0 drawn 9 triumph ?r\gh ! /reets ( ,p>is1 & t ! municipal (fic]s ( ! city1 & ! memb]s ( ! ,national ,conv5tion ( ,france1 jo9$ publicly 9 ! impi\s p>ade4 ,we ne$ n wond]1 !n1 t ev5 ! =ms ( religion 7 de/roy$1 & t lic5ti\sness & pr(ligacy walk$ =? unveil$4 ,h[ unlike ?is is ! /ate ( ?+s 9 ^! ,unit$ ,/ates6 ,we are pr(ess$ly a ,*ri/ian nation4 ,we recognize ! exi/5ce ( a sup]ior & sup]9t5d+ p[] 9 all our in/itutions4 ,! ,new ,_w 0 e>ly s\ght by a ,*ri/ian p1 t fl$ f oppression 9 ord] to f9d a home :]e !y might wor%ip ,god unmole/$1 & bequea? to po/]ity ! same ine/imable privilege & inali5able "r4 ,9 ! days ( ! ,revolution1 ,wa%+ton & 8 coadjutors 7 accu/om$ to invoke ! bless+ ( ! ,god ( battles2 & )\t ,8 favor1 !y look$ n = victory4 ,9 ! ,congress ( ?is ,great ,nation1 & 9 our ,/ate ,legislatures1 we are accu/om$ to ackn[l$ge our dep5d5ce ^u ,god 9 employ+ *apla9s ) :om we unite 9 daily devotions4 ,! ,con/itution ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates requires t all legislative1 executive1 & judicial (fic]s 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 & 9 ! sev]al /ates1 %all be b\nd by oa? or affirmation to support ! ,con/itution4 ,! ,con/itution ( ea* ( ! sev]al /ates requires a simil> oa? or affirmation2 & "s ( !m fur!r provide t1 9 addition to ! oa? ( (fice1 all p]sons appo9t$ to places ( pr(it or tru/ %all1 be=e ent]+ ^u ! same1 subscribe a decl>ation ( _! fai? 9 ! ,*ri/ian religion4 ,9 our ,p5it5ti>ies ev51 we employ *apla9s = ! social1 moral1 & religi\s improvem5t ( crim9als conf9$ )9 !m2 = our object is1 n m]ely to det] o!rs f vice by ! puni%m5t ( (f5d]s1 b1 if possible1 to re=m ! (f5d]s !mselves1 &1 br++ !m back to virtue1 make !m useful memb]s bo? ( ,*ri/ian & ( civil society4 ,%\ld we n1 !n1 recognize ,god 9 our common s*ools--! prim>y tra9+-places ( our c\ntry's y\?--by read+ ,8 ^w1 & famili>iz+ ! juv5ile m9d ( ! nation ) ! precepts ( ! ,great ,tea*]1 ^: code ( morals is ackn[l$g$1 ev5 by infidels1 to be inf9itely sup]ior to any ( human orig98 ,& %\ld we n humbly invoke ,8 aid 9 our ef=ts to le>n & to d 8 w8 & ,8 bless+ to att5d ^? ef=ts8 ,a ,paul may plant1 & ,apollos wat]2 b ,god give? ! increase4 ,! in/ruction 9 our common s*ools1 ,i repeat1 %\ld be ,*ri/ian1 b n sect>ian4 ,!re is suffici5t common gr\nd :i* all true believ]s 9 ,*ri/ianity agree 91 to effect an incalculable am\nt ( good1 if hone/ly & fai?fully taught4 ,:i* ( ! v>i\s religi\s sects 9 our c\ntry w\ld take exceptions to ! inculcation ( ! foll[+ s5tim5ts1 & k9dr$ ones express$ 9 e "p ( ! ,scriptures8 ,?\ %alt love ! ,"l ?y ,god ) all ?y he>t1 & ) all ?y s\l1 & ) all ?y m9d4 ,?is is ! fir/ & great comm&m5t4 ,& ! second is l unto x1 ,?\ %alt love ?y neighbor z ?yself4 ,z ye w\ld t m5 %\ld d to y1 d ye also to !m likewise4 ,love y\r enemies1 bless !m t curse y1 d good to !m t hate y1 & pray = !m :i* despitefully use y & p]secute y4 ,if !re is a s+le in/ance 9 :i* a sect ( pr(ess+ ,*ri/ians w\ld take exceptions to ! inculcation ( ^! & k9dr$ s5tim5ts 9 all ! s*ools ( our l&1 ,i h yet to le>n x4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,i h receiv$ & accept$ invitations f scores ( cl]gym51 repres5t+ n less ?an eight diff]5t d5om9ations1 to address _! congregations on ! subject ( ,moral & ,religi\s ,education 9 ,common ,s*ools2 &1 hav+ express$ ! s5tim5ts h]e9 advocat$1 ,i h1 9 e in/ance1 receiv$ lett]s ( approval & enc\ragem5t2 & _! he>ty pray]s & active co-op]ation h confirm$ me 9 ! belief t !y are ready & will+ to "w toge!r ^u ?is common plat=m1 9 advanc+ ! int]e/s ( ?is glori\s cause4 ,i h spok5 ( ! ,*ri/ian religion z ! mo/ important bran* ( a common s*ool education4 ,! cultivation ( ! intellectual faculties alone con/itutes no suffici5t gu>anty t ! subject ( x w become ei!r a virtu\s man1 a good neighbor1 or a useful citiz54 ,b :]e physical education has be5 prop]ly att5d$ to1 if we comb9e ) ! cultivation ( ! intellectual faculties ( a *ild a good moral & religi\s education1 we h ! highe/ & mo/ unque/ionable au?ority = believ+ t1 9 aft] life1 he w d ju/ly1 love m]cy1 & walk humbly ) ,god4 ,! ,bible1 9 sev]al expressive texts1 says ,dr4 ,/[e1#bh gives emphatic utt]ance to ! true pr9ciple ( all "r education4 ,= example1 ',! fe> ( ! ,"l is ! beg9n+ ( wisdom1 & a k ( ! ,holy is und]/&+4' ,religion mu/ be ! basis ( all "r education2 & an education )\t religion is an education = p]dition4 ,religion1 9 its mo/ g5]al s5se1 is ! union ( ! s\l to its ,creator2 a union ( sympa?y1 orig9at+ 9 affection1 & guid$ by intellig5ce4 ,! ^w is d]iv$ f ! ,lat9 t]ms re & ligo1 & signifies to tie aga91 or reunite4 ,! s\l1 sund]$ f ,god by s91 by grace is reunit$ to ,him2 & ?is is religion4 #bh ,9 a lecture be=e ! ,am]ican ,in/itute ( ,in/ruction1 on ! ,religi\s ,elem5t 9 ,education4 ,i might pres5t _m & sub/antial reasons :y in/ruction 9 ! pr9ciples ( religion %\ld be giv5 9 our common s*ools & 9 all our in/itutions ( le>n+1 & :y ^? heav5-giv5 pr9ciples %\ld be exemplifi$ :]ev] taught4 ,! nature ( ! human m9d requires x1 z is cle>ly %[n by ! writ] la/ quot$4 ,! m9d is creat$1 & ,god is its creator4 ,e m9d is consci\s to itself t x is n self-exi/5t or indep5d5t1 b t its exi/5ce is a d]iv$ "o1 & its condition "o ( entire1 uni=m1 unceas+ dep5d5ce4 ,?is feel+ is z truly a "p ( ! ess5tial con/itution ( ! m9d z ! desire = food is ( ! body1 & x nev] c be totally suppress$4 ,if x ev] seems to be annihilat$1 x is only = a v brief int]val2 & any man :o w\ld p]si/ 9 affirm+ himself to be self-exi/5t & indep5d5t1 w\ld be univ]sally reg>d$ z insane4 ,! sympa?y :i* attracts ! sexes t[>d ea* o!r is n m univ]sal nor g5]ally /rong] ?an t inw>d want :i* makes ! :ole human race feel ! ne$ ( ,god2 &1 inde$1 ! feel+s are1 9 _m respects1 s analog\s to ea* o!r1 t all anci5t my/]ies ( my?ology1 & ! ,bible itself1 h select$ ?is sympa?y z ! mo/ expressive1 ! mo/ unv>y+ symbol ( ! relation betwe5 ! s\l & ,god4 ,till m5 c be taught to live & be heal?y & /rong )\t food2 till "s way is discov]$ 9 :i* ! social /ate c be p]petuat$ & made happy1 ) a total sep>ation ( ! sexes2 till ! "t arrives :5 ^! ?+s c be done1 we c n expect to relieve ! human m9d f hav+ "s k9d ( religi\s fai?4 ,?is be+ ! fact1 a sy/em ( education :i* excludes att5tion f ?is "p ( ! m5tal con/itution is z ess5tially incomplete z a sy/em ( milit>y tactics t has no ref]5ce to fight+ battles2 a sy/em ( me*anics :i* tea*es no?+ respect+ ma*9]y2 a sy/em ( agriculture t has no?+ to d ) plant+ & h>ve/+2 a sy/em ( a/ronomy :i* nev] alludes to ! />s2 a sy/em ( politics :i* gives no intimation on gov]nm5t2 or any ?+ else :i* pr(esses to be a sy/em1 & leaves out ! v elem5t mo/ ess5tial to its exi/5ce4 ,! hi/ory ( all ages1 ( all nations1 & ( all communities is a cont9u$ illu/ration ( ?is tru?4 ,:]e did ! nation ev] exi/ unt\*$ ei!r by religion or sup]/ition8 :i* nev] _h ei!r a !ology or a my?ology8 ,:5 y f9d a nation t exi/s )\t food ( "s sort1 !n y may f9d a nation t subsi/s )\t religion ( "s sort2 & nev]1 nev] be=e4 ,h[ unphilosophical1 h[ absurd x is1 !n1 to pret5d t a sy/em ( education may be complete1 & yet make no provision = ?is "p ( ! m5tal con/itution6 ,x is "o ( ! grosse/ fool]ies :i* ! wick$ness ( man has ev] l$ him to commit4 ,b x is n only unphilosophical & fooli%1 x is also exce$+ly mis*iev\s2 = :]e religion is )held1 ! m9d inevitably falls to sup]/ition1 z c]ta9ly z :5 :olesome food is )held ! suff]] w seek to satisfy 8 crav+s ) ! fir/ delet]i\s sub/ance :i* comes )9 8 rea*4 ,! only rem$y aga9/ sup]/ition is s\nd religi\s in/ruction4 ,! want exi/s 9 ! s\l4 ,x is no factiti\s1 no accid5tal or tempor>y want1 b an ess5tial "p ( our nature4 ,x is an urg5t1 imp]i\s want2 x mu/ & w seek ! means ( satisfaction1 & if a heal?ful supply be )held1 a noxi\s "o w be sub/itut$4 ,,! ,,bible ,,9 ,,s*ools4--,hav+ tak5 ! lib]ty ( recomm5d+ ! devotional read+ ( ! ,scriptures 9 all ! public s*ools z em95tly calculat$ to make !m :at !y ought to be--nurs]ies ( morality & religion z well z ( good le>n+--,i am n[ prep>$ to express ! /rong conviction1 to adopt ! language ( ,dr4 ,humphrey1 t ! ,bible ought to be us$ 9 e prim>y s*ool z a class-book4 ,i am n ignorant ( ! objections :i* ev5 "s good m5 are wont to urge aga9/ its introduction4 ,! ,bible1 x is said1 is too sacr$ a volume to be put on a level ) common s*ool-books1 & to be ?umb$ ov] & ?r[n ab\t by dirty h&s4 ,?is objection supposes t if ! ,bible is made a s*ool-book1 x mu/ ne$s be put into su* rude h&s2 & t x c n be daily read 9 ! classes )\t dim9i%+ ! rev]5ce ) :i* x ought to be reg>d$ z ! book ( ,god4 ,b ,i w\ld h x us$ *iefly by ! old] s*ol>s1 :o1 if ! tea*]s are n 9 ! fault1 w r>ely deface x4 ,a few words n[ & !n1 rem9d+ !m ( its sacr$ cont5ts1 w be suffici5t to protect x f r\gh & vulg> usage4 ,! objection t mak+ ! ,bible a common s*ool-book w\ld detract f its sacr$ness 9 ! eyes ( ! *ildr51 & ?us blunt r ?an quick5 _! moral susceptibilities1 is plausible2 b x w n1 ,i am confid5t1 be> ! te/ ( exam9ation & exp]i5ce4 ,:at 7 ! ,scriptures giv5 u =1 if n to be read by ! old & ! "y1 ! high & ! l[8 ,is ! common use ( any good ?+ :i* a k9d ,provid5ce int5d$ = all1 calculat$ to make m5 und]rate x8 ,! be/ ( ,heav5's gifts1 x is true1 are liable to be p]v]t$ & abus$2 b ought ?is to det] u f us+ !m ?ankfully & prop]ly8 ,we1 ! desc5dants ( ! ,puritans1 are s f> f reg>d+ ! ,bible z too sacr$ = common use1 t1 h[ev] we may diff] among ourselves 9 o!r respects1 we cordially unite 9 ef=ts to put ! sacr$ treasure 9 ! h&s ( all ! p4 ,x is "o ( our c>d9al pr9ciples1 z ,prote/ants1 t ! m !y read ! ,scriptures ! bett]4 ,are we "r or are we wrong "h8 ,let u br+ ! "q to ! te/ ( exp]i5ce4 ,:o are ! mo/ moral & well-pr9cipl$ class 9 ! community8 ^? :o h be5 accu/om$ f *ildhood to read ! ,bible1 till x has become ! mo/ famili> ( all books1 or ^? :o read x b little8 ,( two s*ools1 ( equal advantages 9 o!r respects1 :i* is be/ regulat$ & mo/ easily gov]n$8 :i* has mo/ ( ! fe> ( ,god 9 x1 ! deepe/ rev]5ce = 8 ^w1 t :]e ! ,bible is read or f :i* x is exclud$8 ,x is easy = +5i\s m5 to reason plausibly1 & tell u t su* & su* injuri\s effects mu/ foll[ f mak+ sacr$ ?+s too famili> to ! y\?ful m9d2 b :o ev] he>d ( su* effects foll[+ f ! use ( ! ,bible z a s*ool-book8 ,x w be "t en\gh to li/5 to ?is objection :5 a solit>y example c be adduc$ to su/a9 x4 ,h[ d all o!r m5 out ( ! ,prote/ant communion1 ,papi/s1 ,mohamm$ans1 ,jews1 & ,g5tiles1 reason & act 9 ! education ( _! *ildr58 ,d !y disc>d _! sacr$ books f ! s*ools z too holy = common & famili> use8 ,no4 ,!y und]/& ! influ5ce ( su* read+ f> too well1 & are too /rongly atta*$ to _! respective religions to exclude x4 ,! ,romani/s1 inde$1 =bid ! use ( ! ,scriptures to ! common p2 b ! ,missal & ! ,brevi>y1 :i* !y hold to be q z sacr$1 are _! mo/ famili> s*ool-books4 ,a l>ge portion ( ! *ildr5's "t is tak5 up ) read+ ! lessons & recit+ ! pray]s2 & :at are ! effects8 ,d !y become disgu/$ ) ! ,missal & ,brevi>y by ?is daily famili>ity8 ,we all "k ! contr>y4 ,! v opposite effect is produc$4 ,x is a/oni%+ to see ) :at t5acity *ildr5 ?us educat$ cl+ to ! sup]/itions & absurdities ( _! fa!rs2 & x is because _! religion is wr\ght into ! v texture ( _! m9ds1 9 ! s*ools z well z 9 ! *ur*es4 ,g to ,turkey1 to ,p]sia1 to all ! l&s scor*$ & blight$ by ! fi]y tra9 ( ! ,cresc5t1 & :at s*ool-books w y f9d b portions ( ! ,koran8 ,pass to ,h9do/an1 & !re y w f9d ! ,v$as & ,%a/]s :]ev] any ?+ l popul> education is attempt$4 ,ent] ! great empire ( ,*9a1 &1 accord+ to ! be/ in=mation we c obta91 _! sacr$ books are ! s*ool-books ( t va/ & teem+ population4 ,inquire among ! ,jews1 :]ev] 9 _! v>i\s disp]sions !y h e/abli%$ s*ools1 & :at w y f9d b ! ,law & ! ,prophets1 ! ,t>gums & ! ,talmud4 ,n[ :5 & :]e did ev] ,prote/ant *ildr5 gr[ up ) a great] rev]5ce = ! ,bible1 a /rong] atta*m5t to _! religion1 ?an ,jewi%1 ,mohamm$an1 & ,pagan *ildr5 *]i% = _! s*ool-books1 to ! /udy ( :i* !y are almo/ exclusively conf9$1 9 e /age ( _! education8 ,x is oppos+ !ory1 !n1 to great & und5iable facts1 to say t us+ ! ,*ri/ian ,scriptures 9 ?is mann] w\ld detract f _! sacr$ness 9 ! eyes ( our *ildr54 ,if ?is is ev] ! case1 x mu/ be :]e ! tea*] himself is a ,gallio1 & lacks ^? moral qualifications :i* are ess5tial to 8 pr(ession4 ,ano!r objection :i* is sometimes br\ght aga9/ ! use ( ! ,bible is1 t consid]able portions ( x--?\gh all true1 & important z a "p ( our great religi\s *>t]--are n suitable = common & promiscu\s read+4 ,my answ] is1 we d n suppose t any in/ructor w\ld take all 8 classes ?r\gh ! :ole ,bible1 f ,g5esis to ,revelation4 ,! g5ealogical tables1 & "s o!r ?+s1 he w\ld omit ( c\rse1 b w\ld always f9d lessons en\gh to :i* ! mo/ fa/idi\s c\ld make no objection4 ,! way is n[ prep>$ to take an affirmative attitude1 & (f] "s reasons 9 favor ( us+ ! ,bible z a s*ool-book4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 x is ! *eape/ s*ool-book 9 ! _w4 ,x furni%es m read+ = fifty c5ts ?an c be obta9$ 9 common s*ool-books = two doll>s4 ,?is diff]5ce ( co/ is1 to ! poor1 an important consid]ation4 ,) l>ge families on _! h&s1 !y (t5 f9d x extremely difficult to meet ! dem&s ( tea*]s & committees = new books4 ,7 ! ,scriptures g5]ally introduc$1 !y w\ld take ! place ( _m o!r read+-books :i* p>5ts are n[ oblig$ to pur*ase at f\r-fold exp5se4 ,?is w\ld be a cog5t argum5t on ! score ( economy1 ev5 if ! popul> s*ool-books ( ?is ye> 7 sure ( ma9ta9+ _! gr\nd ! next4 ,b s busy is ! press 9 br++ =w>d new claimants to public favor1 t !y rapidly supplant ea* o!r1 & ?us ! burd5 is greatly increas$4 ,9 ! next place1 ! ,bible furni%es a f> great] v>iety ( ! f9e/ read+-lessons ?an any o!r book :atev]4 ,?is is a po9t to :i* my att5tion has be5 turn$ = _m ye>s1 & ! conviction gr[s ^u me cont9ually4 ,!re is no book 9 :i* *ildr5 a little advanc$ beyond ! simple/ monosyllabic lessons w le>n to read fa/]1 or m readily cat* ! proprieties ( inflection1 emphasis1 & cad5ce1 ?an ! ,bible4 ,i w\ld by no means put x into ! h&s ( a *ild to spell out & blund] ov] ! *apt]s be=e he has read any ?+ else4 ,! ^w ( ,god ought n to be s us$ by m]e beg9n]s4 ,b x conta9s lessons adapt$ to all classes ( le>n]s1 aft] ! fir/ & simple/ /age4 ,let any tea*] :o has nev] made ! trial put a "y class into ! fir/ *apt] ( ,john1 & he w be surpris$ to f9d h[ easy ! read+ is1 & ) :at pleasure & manife/ improvem5t !y may be c>ri$ ?r\gh ! :ole ,gospel2 & z few are too "y to read ) advantage 9 ! ,bible1 s none are too old4 ,x is kn[n to e body1 t ! v be/ read+ lessons 9 our mo/ popul> s*ool-books = ! high] classes are tak5 f ! ,scriptures4 ,j op5 ! ,sacr$ ,volume ) ref]5ce to ?is s+le po9t1 & turn ov] its ?\s& pages4 ,z a hi/ory1 to int]e/1 in/ruct1 & improve ! y\?ful m9d1 :at o!r book 9 ! _w c comp>e ) x8 ,:]e else w y f9d su* exquisitely f9i%$ pieces ( biography8 su* poetry8 su* g5u9e & l(ty eloqu5ce8 su* ri* & v>i$ specim5s ( t5d]ness1 pa?os1 beauty1 & sublimity8 ,i regret t ,i h n room = a few quotations4 ,i c only ref]1 9 v g5]al t]ms1 to ! hi/ory ( ! creation2 ( ,joseph & ! =ty ye>s' w&]+ 9 ! wild]ness2 to ! book ( ,job2 to ! ,psalms ( ,david2 to ,isaiah2 to ! ,gospels2 & to ! visions ( ,john 9 ! ,isle ( ,patmos4 ,n[ if ! prim>y qualities ( a good s*ool-book are to tea* ! art ( read+1 & to communicate in/ruction ^u ! mo/ int]e/+ & important subjects1 ,i h no hesitation 9 say+ t ! ,bible /&s pre-em95tly above e o!r4 ,if ,i 7 aga9 to become a prim>y in/ructor1 or to tea* ! art ( read+ 9 any high] sem9>y ?an ! common s*ool-h\se1 ,i w\ld take ! ,bible 9 pref]5ce to any tw5ty ',orators' or ',engli% ,read]s' t ,i h ev] se54 ,inde$1 ,i w\ld sc>cely want any o!r4 ,milton & ,%akspe>e ,i w\ld n reject1 b ,i w\ld d v well )\t !m1 = !y are bo? surpass$ by ,isaiah & ,john4 ,let enlight5$ tea*]s1 & memb]s ( any ( ! le>n$ pr(essions1 read ov] al\d1 9 _! be/ mann]1 su* portions ( ,scripture z !y may easily select1 & see if !y h ev] f\nd any ?+ bett] fitt$ to br+ out & discipl9e ! voice1 & to express all ! emotions 9 :i* ! s\l ( true eloqu5ce is bodi$ =?4 ,:y d ! ma/]s ( oratory1 :o *>m great audi5ces ) _! recitations1 take s _m ( _! !mes f ! ,bible8 ,! reason is obvi\s4 ,!y c f9d none s well suit$ to _! purpose4 ,& :y %\ld n ! common s*ools1 9 :i* are nurtur$ s _m ( ! future orators1 & rul]s1 & tea*]s ( ! l&1 h ! advantage ( ! be/ ( all read+-lessons8 ,moreov]1 s9ce s mu* ( ! s5se ( ,scripture dep5ds ^u ! mann] 9 :i* x is read1 :y %\ld n ! ?\s&s ( *ildr5 be taught ! art 9 s*ool1 :o w nev] le>n x at home8 ,! m ,i /udy ! ,bible1 ! m does x appe> to me to excel all o!r read+-books4 ,y may g on improv+ indef9itely1 )\t ev] mak+ y\rself a p]fect scriptural read]1 j z y might1 ) all ! help y c comm&1 sp5d y\r :ole life 9 ! /udy ( any "o ( its great tru?s )\t exhau/+ x4 ,let x n be said t we h b few in/ructors :o are capable ( ent]+ into ! _s ( ! ,sacr$ ,volume1 s z to tea* _! s*ol>s to read x ) propriety4 ,!n let m be educat$4 ,x ought to be "o ( ! daily ex]cises 9 our ,normal ,s*ools1 & o!r sem9>ies = rais+ up compet5t tea*]s1 to qualify !m = ?is bran* ( in/ruction4 ,i rem>k aga91 t 7 ! ,bible made a s*ool-book ?r\gh\t ! commonweal? & ?r\gh\t ! l&1 an am\nt ( scriptural k w\ld be ins5sibly treasur$ up1 :i* w\ld be ( ine/imable value 9 aft] life4 ,e obs]v+ tea*] mu/ h be5 surpris$ to f9d h[ mu* ! dulle/ s*ol> w le>n by ! e>1 )\t seem+ to pay any att5tion to :at o!rs are read+ or recit+4 ,! boy t sits half ! "t ^u 8 little b5* nodd+ or play+ ) 8 %oe-/r+s1 w1 9 ! c\rse ( a w9t]1 commit :ole pages & *apt]s to memory f ! books he he>s read1 :5 y c h>dly beat any ?+ into him by d9t ( ! mo/ dilig5t in/ruction4 ,inde$1 ,i h sometimes ?\ght t *ildr5 9 our common s*ools le>n m by ! e>1 )\t any ef=t1 ?an by ! /udy ( _! own class-books2 & ,i am q sure ?is is ! case ) ! mo/ ( ! y\ng] s*ol>s4 ,let any book be read = a s]ies ( ye>s 9 ! same s*ool1 & half ( ! *ildr5 w "k mo/ ( x by he>t4 ,:]ev] !re are free s*ools--& ! free s*ool sy/em is n[ becom+ ext5sively adopt$ 9 e "p ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates--! great mass ( ! *ildr5 are kept at s*ool f f\r or five ye>s ( age1 to n9e or t51 ?r\gh ! ye>2 & 9 ! w9t] season1 f n9e or t5 to fifte5 or sixte54 ,! av]age ( "t ?us devot$ to _! education is f eight to t5 ye>s4 ,n[ let ! ,bible be read daily z a class-book dur+ all ?is "t1 9 e s*ool1 & h[ mu* ( x w1 )\t ef=t1 & )\t int]f]+ 9 ! lea/ ) o!r /udies1 be committ$ to memory4 ,& :o c e/imate ! value ( su* an acquisition8 ,:at pure morality2 :at maxims ( supreme wisdom = guidance along ! slipp]y pa?s ( y\?1 & onw>d ?r\gh e /age ( life2 :at bright examples ( e>ly piety1 & ( its glori\s rew>ds1 ev5 9 ! pres5t _w2 :at sublime revelations ( ! be+ & p]fections ( ,god2 :at inc5tives to love & s]ve him1 & to dis*>ge ) fidelity all ! duties :i* we owe to our fell[-m56 & all ^! en=c$ by ! highe/ sanctions ( future acc\ntability4 ,let any man tell1 if he c1 h[ mu* all ?is /ore ( div9e k1 ?us ins5sibly acquir$1 w\ld be wor? to ! millions ( *ildr5 :o are gr[+ up 9 ^! ,unit$ ,/ates ( ,am]ica4 ,!y might n be at all s5sible ( its value at ! "t1 b h[ happily & safely w\ld x contribute to %ape _! future op9ions & *>act]s1 bo? z m5 & z citiz5s4 ,ano!r cog5t reason = us+ ! ,bible z a common s*ool-book is1 t x is ! firme/ basis1 &1 inde$1 ! only sure basis ( our free in/itutions1 &1 z su*1 ought to be famili> to all ! *ildr5 9 ! /ate f _! e>lie/ ye>s4 ,:ile x recognizes ! exi/5ce ( civil gov]nm5ts1 & enjo9s ob$i5ce to magi/rates z m9i/]s ( ,god = ! good ( ! p1 x reg>ds all m5 z free & equal1 ! *ildr5 ( "o common ,fa!r1 & entitl$ to ! same civil & religi\s privileges4 ,i d n believe t any p c\ld ev] be enslav$ :o %\ld be ?or\ghly & univ]sally educat$ 9 ! pr9ciples ( ! ,bible4 ,x 0 no less truly ?an eloqu5tly said by ,daniel ,web/]1 9 8 ,bunk] ,hill address1 t ! ,am]ican coloni/s br\ght ) !m f ! ,old ,_w a full portion ( all ! ri*es ( ! pa/ 9 sci5ce & art1 & 9 morals1 religion1 & lit]ature4 ,! ,bible came ) !m4 ,& x is n to be d\bt$ t to ! free & univ]sal use ( ! ,bible x is to be ascrib$ t 9 t age m5 7 mu* indebt$ = "r views ( civil lib]ty4 ,! ,bible is a book ( fai? & a book ( doctr9e2 b x is also a book :i* tea*es man 8 individual responsibility1 8 own dignity1 & equality ) 8 fell[-m54 ,^! s5tim5ts ( ! great ,am]ican /atesman are wor?y to be engrav$ 9 gold5 capitals ^u ! monum5t "u ^: %ade !y 7 utt]$6 ,yes1 x 0 ! free & univ]sal use ( ! ,bible :i* made our ,puritan fa!rs :at !y 72 & x is because1 9 ^! deg5]ate times1 multitudes ( *ildr5 w be taught to read x n[h]e else1 t ,i am s anxi\s to h x read z a s*ool-book4 ,"o o!r1 & ! only additional reason :i* ,i %all sugge/1 is t1 z ! ,bible is inf9itely ! be/1 s x is ! only decid$ly religi\s book :i* c be introduc$ into our popul> sy/ems ( e>ly education4 ,s jeal\s are ! diff]5t sects & d5om9ations ( ea* o!r1 t x w\ld be h>dly possible to write or compile a religi\s s*ool-book ) :i* all w\ld be satisfi$4 ,b "h is a book prep>$ to our h&s1 :i* we all receive z ! inspir$ record ( our fai?1 & z conta9+ ! pure/ morality t has ev] be5 taught 9 ?is l[] _w4 ,episcopalians c n object to x1 because !y believe x tea*es ! doctr9es & polity ( _! own *ur*2 & ?is is j :at !y want4 ,nei!r ,congregationali/s1 ,presbyt]ians1 ,bapti/s1 ,me?odi/s1 ,univ]sali/s1 nor any o!r d5om9ation1 c object to x = ! same reason4 ,e d5om9ation believes1 s f> z x diff]s f ! re/1 t ! ,bible is on its side1 &1 ( c\rse1 t ! m x is read by all1 ! bett]4 ,= me to object to hav+ ! ,bible read z a common s*ool-book on acc\nt ( any doctr9e :i* ^? :o diff] f me suppose x to tea*1 w\ld be virtually to confess t ,i _h n full confid5ce 9 my own cre$1 & 0 afraid x w\ld n be> a scriptural te/4 ,x seems to me an inf9ite advantage1 = :i* we are b\nd dev\tly to ?ank ! ,au?or ( all good1 t he has giv5 u a religi\s book ( incomp>able excell5ce1 :i* we may fe>lessly put into ! h&s ( all ! *ildr5 9 ! /ate1 ) ! assurance t x is able to make !m wise unto salvation1 & w c]ta9ly make !m bett] *ildr51 bett] fri5ds1 & bett] memb]s ( society1 s f> z x influ5ces !m at all4 ,b "s p]sons :o highly approve ( daily scriptural read+ 9 common s*ools are 9 favor ( us+ selections r ?an ! :ole ,bible4 ,i %\ld c]ta9ly pref] ?is1 provid$ ! selections are judici\sly made1 to exclud+ ! ,scriptures altoge!r2 b ,i ?9k !re are weighty & obvi\s reasons :y ! :ole ,bible %\ld be tak5 r ?an a "p4 ,! :ole is *eap] ?an half w\ld be 9 a sep>ate volume2 & :5 ! :ole is introduc$1 )\t note or comm5t1 !re c be no possible gr\nd = sect>ian jeal\sy4 ,doctors ( div9ity n only1 b ! mo/ em95t /atesm5 9 ! c\ntry1 hold ! views "h pres5t$4 ,! bold & noble /& tak5 by ! ,legislature ( ,new ,york m ?an t5 ye>s ago 7#ahch71 has reviv$ ! hopes & infus$ fre% c\rage into ! m9ds ( ^? :o believe t ! safety & welf>e ( our c\ntry are ess5tially dep5d5t on ! preval5ce ( a religi\s morality & a moral religion4 ,! repres5tatives ( ?is great /ate1 ^: sy/em ( education is becom+ increas+ly an object ( imitation 9 all ! re/1 at "o & ! same session d\bl$ ! am\nt ( ! public money = ! purpose ( improv+ ! education giv5 9 ! common s*ools--:i*1 to ! praise ( t /ate1 be x said1 are n[ free--& 9 reply to ! petition ( sundry p]sons1 pray+ t all religi\s ex]cises & ! use ( ! ,bible might be prohibit$ 9 ! public s*ools1 decid$ by a vote ( "o hundr$ & tw5ty-"o to ,,"o6 t ! reque/ ( ! petition]s be n grant$4 ,= ! purpose ( corroborat+ ! doctr9es ( ?is volume1 ,i w introduce a p>agraph f ! report ( ! ,hon4 ,daniel ,d4 ,b>n>d on ! occasion ref]r$ to1 :i* 0 su/a9$ by ! noble1 unequivocal1 & almo/ unanim\s te/imony ( ! repres5tatives ( ! mo/ p[]ful memb] ( ! ,am]ican /ates4 ,moral in/ruction is q z important to ! object _h 9 view 9 popul> education z intellectual in/ruction2 x is indisp5sable to t object4 ,b1 to make in/ruction effective1 x %\ld be giv5 accord+ to ! be/ code ( morals kn[n to ! c\ntry & ! age2 & t code1 x is univ]sally conc$$1 is conta9$ 9 ! ,bible4 ,h5ce ! ,bible1 z conta9+ t code1 s f> f be+ arbitr>ily exclud$ f our s*ools1 ought to be 9 common use 9 !m4 ,keep+ all ! :ile 9 view ! object ( popul> education1 ! fitt+ ( ! p by moral z well z by intellectual discipl9e = self-gov]nm5t1 no "o c d\bt t any sy/em ( in/ruction :i* ov]looks ! tra9+ & in=m+ ( ! moral faculties mu/ be wret*$ly & fatally defective4 ,crime & intellectual cultivation m]ely1 s f> f be+ dissociat$ 9 hi/ory & /ati/ics1 are unhappily old acqua9tances & tri$ fri5ds4 ,to neglect ! moral p[]s 9 education is to educate n q half ! man4 ,to cultivate ! intellect only is to unh+e ! m9d & de/roy ! ess5tial balance ( ! m5tal p[]s2 x is to light up a recess only ! bett] to see h[ d>k x is4 ,& if ?is is all t is done 9 popul> education1 !n no?+1 lit]ally no?+1 is done t[>d e/abli%+ popul> virtue & =m+ a moral p4 ,?is is b a specim5 ( an invaluable docum5t1 :i* does honor to ! he>t & head ( him :o p5n$ x1 & to ! ,legislature ( ! commonweal? by :i* x 0 adopt$ by almo/ unp>allel$ unanimity4 ,! ,hon4 ,samuel ,"y1 ! em95tly di/+ui%$ sup]9t5d5t ( common s*ools 9 ! same /ate1 9 a report made 9 #ahdc1 inculcates s5tim5ts :i* s well accord ) my own views ( ! importance ( weav+ scriptural read+ into ! v w>p & wo( ( popul> education1 t ,i gladly add 8 te/imony4 ,i reg>d ! ,new ,te/am5t z 9 all respects a suitable book to be daily read 9 our common s*ools1 & ,i e>ne/ly recomm5d its g5]al introduction = ?is purpose4 ,z a m]e read+-book1 int5d$ to convey a practical k ( ! ,engli% language1 x is "o ( ! be/ text-books 9 use2 b ?is1 al?\gh ( great use to ! pupils1 is ( m9or importance :5 ! moral influ5ces ( ! book are duly consid]$4 ,education consi/s ( some?+ m ?an m]e in/ruction4 ,x is t tra9+ & discipl9e ( all ! faculties ( ! m9d :i* %all symmetrically & h>moni\sly develop ! future man = usefulness & = happ9ess 9 su/a9+ ! v>i\s relations ( life4 ,x mu/ be bas$ ^u k & virtue2 & its gradual advancem5t mu/ be /rictly subord9at$ to ^? c>d9al & elem5t>y pr9ciples ( morality1 :i* are n[h]e s di/9ctly & beautifully inculcat$ z 9 t book f :5ce we all d]ive our common fai?4 ,! nurs]y & family fireside may accompli% mu*2 ! in/itutions ( religion may ex]t a p]vad+ influ5ce2 b :at is comm5c$ 9 ! hall[$ sanctu>y ( ! dome/ic circle1 & p]iodically inculcat$ at ! alt>1 mu/ be daily & h\rly recogniz$ 9 ! common s*ools1 t x may ex]t an ev]-pres5t influ5ce1 ent] into & =m a "p ( e act ( life1 & become ?or\ghly incorporat$ ) ! rapidly exp&+ "*4 ,! same incomp>able /&>d ( moral virtue & excell5ce1 :i* is exp\nd$ f ! pulpit & ! alt>1 & :i* is daily held up to ! admiration & imitation ( ! family circle1 %\ld also be rev]5tly kept be=e ! m9d & ! he>t 9 ! daily ex]cises ( ! s*ool4 ,i w add ! te/imony ( ano!r :om we all delight to honor4 ,nev] 7 s5tim5ts utt]$ m wor?y to be rememb]$ & repeat$ ?r\gh all g5]ations1 ?an ^? :i* fell f ! ,fa!r ( 8 ,c\ntry 9 8 ,f>ewell ,address to ! ,am]ican p4 ,( all ! dispositions & habits :i* lead to political prosp]ity1 religion & morality are indisp5sable supports4 ,9 va9 w\ld t man claim ! tribute ( patriotism :o %\ld labor to subv]t ^! great pill>s ( human happ9ess1 ^! firme/ props ( ! duties ( m5 & citiz5s4 ,! m]e politician1 equally ) ! pi\s man1 ought to respect & *]i% !m4 ,a volume c\ld n trace all _! connections ) private & public felicity4 ,let x simply be ask$4 ,:]e is ! security = prop]ty1 = reputation1 = life1 if a s5se ( religi\s obligation des]t ! oa?s :i* are ! in/rum5ts ( inve/igation 9 c\rts ( ju/ice8 ,& let u ) caution indulge ! supposition t morality c be ma9ta9$ )\t religion4 ,:atev] may be conc$$ to ! influ5ce ( ref9$ education on m9ds ( peculi> /ructure1 reason & exp]i5ce bo? =bid u to expect t national morality c prevail 9 exclusion ( religi\s pr9ciples4 ,h[ noble1 h[ elevat$1 h[ j ^! p>t+ words4 ,wa%+ton 0 an enlight5$ ,*ri/ian patriot1 z well z a great g5]al & a wise /atesman4 ,! oracles :i* he consult$ 9 all 8 p]ils1 & 9 ! p]ils ( 8 c\ntry1 7 ! oracles ( ,god4#bi ,no "o ( ! fa!rs ( ! ,revolution knew bett] ?an he did t religion re/s ^u ! ,bible z its ma9 pill>1 & t z a k & belief ( ! ,bible are ess5tial to true religion1 s !y are to private & public morality4 ,i c n d\bt1 says ! v5]able ,presid5t ( ,amh]/ ,college1 t c\ld ! greate/ among ! great m5 ( 8 day add a codicil to 8 invaluable legacy1 x w\ld be1 ,tea* y\r *ildr5 e>ly to read & love ! ,bible4 ,tea* !m to read x 9 y\r families2 tea* !m 9 y\r s*ools2 tea* !m ev]y:]e1 t ! fir/ moral lesson indelibly en/amp$ ^u _! he>ts may be to 'fe> ,god & keep 8 comm&m5ts4' ',! fe> ( ! ,"l1 t is wisdom2 & to dep>t f evil is und]/&+4' #bi ,john ,qu9cy ,adams1 dur+ 8 long & ev5tful life1 0 accu/om$ to read daily portions ( ! ,scriptures 9 sev]al languages4 ,h[ few are aw>e ( :at ! ,bible has done = mank9d1 & /ill less ( :at x is de/9$ to accompli%4 ,qu5* its light1 & y blot out ! brighte/ lum9>y f ^! l[] heav5s4 ,y br+ back '*aos & old night' to reign ov] ! e>?1 & leave man1 ) all 8 immortal en]gies & aspirations1 to 'w&] 9 ! blackness ( d>kness =ev]4' ,x 0 by con/antly read+ x t our ,puritan fa!rs imbib$ t unconqu]able love ( civil & religi\s lib]ty :i* su/a9$ !m ?r\gh all ! 'p]ils ( ! sea & p]ils ( ! wild]ness4' ,x 0 f ! ,bible !y drew ^? free & admir$ pr9ciples ( civil gov]nm5t t 7 s mu* 9 advance ( ! age 9 :i* !y liv$4 ,x 0 ?is book by :i* !y 'resolv$ to g till !y c\ld f9d "s bett] rule4' ,! ,bible has built all our *ur*es1 & colleges1 & s*ool-h\ses2 x has built our hospitals & retreats = ! insane1 ! deaf1 & ! bl9d2 x has built ! ,h\se ( ,refuge1 ! ,sailors' ,home1 & ! ,home = ! ,fri5dless4 ,to x we are indebt$ = our homes1 = our prop]ty1 & = all ! safegu>ds ( our dome/ic relations & happ9ess4 ,x is "u its broad %ield t we lie d[n 9 safety1 )\t bolts or b>s to protect u4 ,x has giv5 u our free con/itutions ( civil gov]nm5t1 & ) !m all ! /atutes & ord9ances ( a great & indep5d5t p1 ^: t]ritory ext5ds f ! ,atlantic to ! ,pacific4 ,x is ! indu/ry1 sobriety1 & ent]prise1 :i* no?+ b ! ,bible c\ld ev] inspire & su/a91 t h dug our canals1 & built our ?\s& factories1 & clo!d ! hills ) flocks1 & cov]$ ov] ! valleys ) corn2 t h laid d[n our railways & e/abli%$ telegraph l9es1 br++ ! ,ea/ into ! neighborhood ( ! ,we/1 & enabl+ ! ,nor? to hold conv]se ) ! ,s\?4 ,! ,bible has directly & indirectly done all ?is = u1 & inf9itely m4 ,let n1 !n1 ! book :i* has giv5 to u sweet homes1 & happy families1 & sy/ems ( public in/ruction1 & has ?us con/itut$ u a great & prosp]\s p--! book :i* dim9i%es our sorr[s & multiplies our joys1 & gives to ^? :o obey its precepts a hope big ) immortality--let n ?is book be exclud$ f ! common s*ools ( our c\ntry4 ,9 ! "n ( patriotism1 ( philan?ropy1 & ( our common ,*ri/ianity1 let me1 9 behalf ( ! millions ( y\? 9 our c\ntry :o w o!rwise rema9 ignorant ( x1 ask t1 :atev] else be exclud$ f our s*ools1 !re be reta9$ 9 !m ?is ,book ( books1 ! ,,bible4 ,,*apt] ,,viii4 ,,! ,,importance ,,( ,,popul> ,,education4 ,education1 z ! means ( improv+ ! mural & intellectual faculties1 is1 "u all circum/ances1 a subject ( ! mo/ impos+ consid]ation4 ,to rescue man f t /ate ( degradation to :i* he is doom$ unless r$eem$ by education2 to unfold 8 physical1 intellectual1 & moral p[]s1 & to fit him = ^? high de/9ies :i* 8 ,creator has prep>$ = him1 c n fail to excite ! mo/ ard5t s5sibility ( ! philosoph] & philan?ropi/4 ,a comp>ison ( ! savage t roams ?r\gh ! =e/ ) ! enlight5$ inhabitant ( a civiliz$ c\ntry w\ld be a brief b impressive repres5tation ( ! mom5t\s importance ( education4--,report ( ,s*ool ,commission]s1 ,new ,york1 #ahab4 ,he :o has c>efully p]us$ ! prec$+ *apt]s ( ?is "w is already aw>e t we reg>d ! subject ( popul> education z "o ( p>am\nt importance4 ,! object ( devot+ a *apt] to ! special consid]ation ( ?is subject at ?is "t is1 if possible1 to remove f ! m9d any rema9+ d\bts 9 relation to x4 ,! read] w be> 9 m9d t we reg>d education z hav+ ref]5ce to ! :ole man--! body1 ! m9d1 & ! he>t2 & t its object1 &1 :5 rightly direct$1 its effect1 is to make him a complete creature aft] 8 k9d4 ,to 8 frame x %\ld give vigor1 activity1 & beauty2 to 8 intellect1 p[] & ?\ghtfulness2 & to 8 he>t1 virtue & felicity4 ,we %all be ! bett] prep>$ to appreciate ! importance & necessity ( a judici\s sy/em ( tra9+ & in/ruction if we consid] t1 9 its abs5ce1 e individual w be educat$ by circum/ances4 ,let x be borne 9 m9d1 !n1 t all ! *ildr5 9 e community w be educat$ some:]e & someh[2 & t x devolves ^u citiz5s & p>5ts to det]m9e :e!r ! *ildr5 ( ! pres5t g5]ation %all receive _! tra9+ 9 ! s*ool-h\se or 9 ! /reets2 & if 9 ! =m]1 :e!r 9 good or poor s*ools4 ,9 ! dis*>ge ( my (ficial duties 9 ?is /ate1 ,i _h occasion to visit two c\nties 9 #ahdf 9 :i* !re 7 no organiz$ common s*ools4#cj ,!y 7 n1 h[ev]1 )\t places ( in/ruction1 = 9 ! %ire t[n ( ea* ( ^? c\nties !re 7 a billi>d-room1 b>-rooms1 & b[l+-alleys4 ,i 0 =cibly impress$ ) ! rem>k ( an ,indian *ief resid+ 9 "o ( ^? c\nties4 ,z he 0 pass+ along ! /reets "o day1 he discov]$ a second b[l+-alley 9 process ( erection4 ,he paus$1 &1 survey+ x att5tively1 rem>k$ to ^? at "w ^u x z foll[s3 ,y h "h ano!r long build+ go+ up rapidly2 &1 he add$1 is ?is ! place :]e our *ildr5 are to be educat$8 ,su* ke5 & well-m]it$ rebuke r>ely falls f human lips4 ,^? two b[l+-alleys1 ) _! b>s--indisp5sable app5dages--7 ?rong$ f six o'clock 9 ! morn+ until pa/ midnight1 six days 9 ! week4 ,!y 71 moreov]1 ! v places :]e _m ( ! y\? ( t village 7 receiv+ _! education4 ,& :o 7 _! tea*]s8 ,idl]s1 tippl]s1 gambl]s1 pr(ane p]sons1 ,sabba?-break]s4 ,m>k well ?is tru?3 z is ! tea*]1 s w be ! s*ool4 ,^? pupils w graduate1 x may be1 at our poor-h\ses1 at our c\nty jails1 or at ! /ate p5it5ti>y4 ,^! debas+ & corrupt+ app5dages ( civilization sp5t n all _! influ5ce ^u ! :ite man2 & ?is is :at gave pung5cy to ! )]+ satire ( ! *ief4 ,!y 7 at once work+ ! ru9 ( ! r$ man & ( 8 pale neighbor4 #cj ,common s*ools h s9ce be5 organiz$ 9 bo? ( ^? c\nties4 ,! rude/ nations or individuals c n be said to be :olly )\t education4 ,ev5 ! wilde/ savage is taught by 8 sup]iors n only ! be/ mode ( procur+ food & %elt] kn[n to 8 race1 b also ! mo/ adroit mann] ( def5d+ himself & de/roy+ 8 enemy4 ,b we use ! t]m 9 a high]1 broad]1 & m capaci\s s5se1 z hav+ ref]5ce to ! :ole man1 & ! :ole duration ( 8 be+4 ,a volume might be fill$ 9 /at+ & illu/rat+ ! advantages ( education4 ,we h only space to /ate & elucidate a few propositions4 ,we rem>k1 !n1 fir/1 t ,,education ,,dissipates ,,! ,,evils ,,( ,,ignorance4 ,ignorance is "o pr9cipal cause ( ! want ( virtue1 & ( ! immoralities :i* ab\nd 9 ! _w4 ,7 we to take a survey ( ! moral /ate ( ! _w z del9eat$ 9 ! hi/ory ( nations1 or z depict$ by mod]n voyag]s & travel]s1 we %\ld f9d abundant illu/ration ( ! tru? ( ?is rem>k4 ,we %\ld f9d1 9 almo/ e in/ance1 t ignorance ( ! "* ( ! true ,god1 & false conceptions ( ! nature ( ! wor%ip & s]vice he requires1 h l$1 n only to ! mo/ obsc5e practices & immoral abom9ations1 b to ! p]petration ( ! mo/ horrid cruelties4--,,dr4 ,,dick4 ,! evils ( ignorance are n few 9 numb] nor small 9 magnitude4 ,! :ole hi/ory ( ! _w ju/ifies ! /atem5t t ignorant & uncultivat$ m9d is prone to s5suality & cruelty4 ,9 :at c\ntries1 let me ask1 are ! p mo/ giv5 to ! l[e/ =ms ( animal gratification1 & mo/ reg>dless ( ! lives & happ9ess ( o!rs8 ,is x n 9 pagan l&s1 ov] :i* moral & intellectual d>kness broods1 & :]e m5 are vile )\t %ame1 & cruel )\t remorse8 ,& if f pagan we pass to ,*ri/ian c\ntries1 we %all f9d t ^? 9 :i* education is lea/ preval5t are ! v ones 9 :i* !re is ! mo/ immorality1 & ! greate/ indiff]5ce to ! suff]+s ( animat$ & s5ti5t be+s4 ,spa9--9 :i*1 until rec5tly1 !re 0 b "o newspap] pr9t$1 & 9 :i* only ab\t "o 9 ?irty five ( ! p are in/ruct$ 9 s*ools--has a population ab\t equal to t ( ,engl& & ,wales4 ,popul> education 9 ! latt] c\ntries1 al?\gh mu* beh9d sev]al ( ! o!r ,european /ates1 is /ill greatly 9 advance ( :at x is 9 ,spa91 & !re is an equally m>k$ diff]5ce 9 ! /ate ( morals 9 ! p ( ^! c\ntries4 ,9 ,engl& & ,wales ! :ole numb] ( convictions = murd] 9 ! ye> eighte5 hundr$ & tw5ty-six 0 ?irte51 & ! numb] convict$ = w\nd+1 etc41 ) int5t to kill1 0 f\rte52 :ile 9 ,spa91 ! numb] convict$ dur+ ! same ye> 01 = murd]1 twelve hundr$ & ?irty-?ree6 & = maim+ ) int5t to kill1 sev5te5 hundr$ & sev5ty-?ree6 or a m ?an "o hundr$ fold great] numb] ?an 9 ! =m] c\ntries4 ,facts l ^! speak volumes 9 favor ( ! elevat+ influ5ces ( popul> education1 :ile !y %[ mo/ conclusively ! l[ & degrad$ condition to :i* p w s9k 9 c\ntries 9 :i* education is neglect$4 ,spa9 af=ds an apt illu/ration ( ! tru? ( ! /atem5t j made1 t ignorant & uncultivat$ p are prone to s5suality & cruelty4 ,sc5es ( cruelty & blood con/itute ! favorite amusem5t ( ! ,spani>ds1 _! greate/ delight be+ 9 bull-fights4 ,an eye-witness describes ! mann] 9 :i* !y conduct !mselves dur+ ^! appall+ sc5es 9 ! foll[+ language4 ,! int5se int]e/ :i* !y feel 9 ?is game is visible ?r\gh\t1 & (t5 l\dly express$4 ,an a/\nd+ %\t always accompanies a critical mom5t4 ,:e!r x be ! bull or man :o is 9 dang]1 _! joy is excessive2 b _! greate/ sympa?y is giv5 to ! feats ( ! ,,bull6 ,if ! picador receives ! bull gallantly & =ces him to retreat1 or if ! matadore c\rage\sly faces & w\nds ! bull1 !y applaud ^! acts ( sci5ce & valor2 b if ! bull ov]?r[ ! horse & 8 rid]1 or if ! matadore miss 8 aim & ! bull seems ready to gore him1 _! delight kn[s no b\nds4 ,& x is c]ta9ly a f9e spectacle to see ?\s&s ( spectators rise simultane\sly1 z !y always d :5 ! int]e/ is int5se4 ,! greate/ & mo/ cr[d$ !at] 9 ,europe pres5ts no?+ half s impos+ z ?is4 ,b h[ b>b>\s1 h[ brutal is ! :ole exhibition6 ,c\ld an ,engli% audi5ce witness ! sc5es t are repeat$ e week 9 ,madrid1 a univ]sal bur/ ( '%ame6' w\ld foll[ ! spectacle ( a horse gor$ & ble$+1 & actually tread+ ^u 8 own entrails :ile he gallops r\nd ! ar5a4 ,ev5 ! appe>ance ( ! goad$ bull c\ld n be borne1 pant+1 cov]$ ) w\nds & blood1 lac]at$ by d>ts1 & yet brave & resolute to ! end4 ,! spectacle cont9u$ two h\rs & a half1 & dur+ t "t !re 7 sev5 bulls kill$ & six horses4 ,:5 ! la/ bull 0 dispat*$1 ! p imm$iately ru%$ into ! ar5a1 & ! c>cass 0 dragg$ out amid ! mo/ deaf5+ %\ts4--,spa9 9 #ahcj1 vol4 i41 p4 #aia4 ,! same writ]1 aft] describ+ ano!r fight1 9 :i* "o bull _h kill$ ?ree horses & "o man1 & rema9$ ma/] ( ! ar5a1 rem>ks1 t ?is 0 a "t to obs]ve ! "* ( ! p4 ,:5 ! un=tunate picador 0 kill$1 9 place ( a g5]al exclamation ( horror & l\d expressions ( pity1 ! univ]sal cry 0 ',que es bravo ese toro6 7',ah1 ! admirable bull6'7 ,! :ole sc5e produc$ ! mo/ unb\nd$ delight2 ! great] ! horror1 ! great] 0 ! %\t+1 & ! m vehem5t ! expressions ( satisfaction4 ,i did n p]ceive a s+le female av]t h] head or betray ! slighte/ symptom ( w\nd$ feel+4--,vol4 i41 p4 #aie4 ,a correct sy/em ( public in/ruction develops a "* widely diff]5t f t "h br\ght to light4 ,in/ead ( a love = vici\s excitem5t1 x cultivates a ta/e = simple & innoc5t pleasures1 & gives to its subjects a comm& ov] _! passions1 & a disposition habitually to control !m4 ,x acqua9ts !m ) _! duty1 & enables !m to f9d _! highe/ pleasure 9 its dis*>ge4 ,!y ord] _! pursuits & *oose _! employm5ts ) ref]5ce to _! own advantage1 x is true2 b /ill1 a high]1 & ! controll+ motive ) !m is1 ! promotion ( ! be/ good ( ! community 9 :i* !y live4 ,9 %ort1 _! supreme desire is to co-op]ate ) ! b5efic5t ,creator 9 advanc+ ! p]man5t int]e/s ( ! :ole human family2 9 !mselves obey+1 & lead+ o!rs to obey1 all ! laws :i* ,god has orda9$ = ! gov]nm5t & well-be+ ( 8 creatures4 ,education1 we said1 dissipates ! evils ( ignorance4 ,b 9 ?is c\ntry we h>dly "k :at popul> ignorance is4 ,! mo/ illit]ate among u h d]iv$ _m & ine/imable advantages f our sy/ems ( public in/ruction4 ,occasionally p]sons are f\nd among u :o c nei!r read nor write4 ,b ev5 su* p]sons ins5sibly imbibe ideas & moral influ5ces f ! m cultivat$ society ab\t !m :i*1 9 c\ntries less favor$1 are d5i$ to multitudes4 ,individuals :o h _h no e>ly advantages = le>n+1 :o h nev] ev5 ent]$ a s*ool-h\se1 b h gr[n up amid a g5]ally intellig5t population1 tra9$ by ! in/itutions e/abli%$ by our fa!rs1 h 9 _m in/ances acquir$ a m5tal "* & influ5ce :i*1 b = ^! =tuit\s circum/ances1 !y c\ld n h atta9$4 ,! v excell5ce ( our sy/ems ( education 9 _m /ates ( ! ,union1 & ! vital & p]vad+ influ5ce ( ! s*ools ^u ! public m9d1 rea*+ z !y d1 & improv+ ev5 ^? t rema9 ignorant ( lett]s1 d n all[ u to see ! full ext5t ( our obligation to !m4 ,?is rem>k applies to all civiliz$ c\ntries :]e any sy/ems ( g5]al education are adopt$1 b p]haps n to s great an ext5t 9 any o!r c\ntry z 9 our own4 ,! evils :i* fl[ f ignorance are deplorable en\gh 9 ! case ( individuals1 al?\gh1 z we h se51 ! disa/r\s consequ5ces are limit$ 9 ! case ( ^? :o live surr\nd$ by an intellig5t community4 ,b ! g5]al ignorance ( l>ge numb]s & entire classes ( m51 unrea*$ by ! elevat+ influ5ce ( ! educat$1 act+ "u ! un*a/5$ /imulus ( ! passions1 & excit$ by ! v>i\s causes ( discont5t :i* are con/antly occurr+ 9 ! progress ( human affairs1 is n unfrequ5tly productive ( sc5es1 ! contemplation ( :i* makes humanity %udd]4 ,! foll[+ extract f a =eign j\rnal af=ds a p]t95t illu/ration ( ! evils :i* fl[ f popul> ignorance4 ,x relates to ! outrages committ$ by ! peasantry 9 a "p ( ,hung>y 9 consequ5ce ( ! ravages ( ! *ol]a 9 t region4 ,! suspicion t ! *ol]a 0 caus$ by poison+ ! wells 0 univ]sal among ! peasantry ( ! c\nties ( ,zips & ,zempl91 & e "o 0 fully conv9c$ ( its tru?4 ,! fir/ commotion arose 9 ,kluckn[1 :]e1 x is said1 "s peasants di$ 9 consequ5ce ( tak+ ! pres]vatives2 :e!r by an immod]ate use ( m$ic9e1 or :e!r !y ?\ght !y 7 to take *loride ( lime int]nally1 is n kn[n4 ,?is /ory1 ) a sudd5 & viol5t break+ out ( ! *ol]a at ,kluckn[1 l$ ! peasants to a notion ( ! poison+ ( ! wells1 :i* spread l lightn+4 ,9 ! sequel1 9 ! attack ( ! e/ate ( ,c\nt ,czaki1 a s]vant ( ! *ief bailiff 0 on ! po9t ( be+ murd]$1 :51 to save 8 life1 he (f]$ to disclose some?+ important4 ,he said t he receiv$ f 8 ma/] two p\nds ( poison\s p[d]1 ) ord]s to ?r[ x into ! wells1 &1 ) an ax ov] 8 head1 took oa? publicly1 9 ! *ur*1 to ! tru? ( 8 /atem5t4 ,^! /atem5ts1 & ! fact t ! peasants1 :5 !y =cibly ent]$ ! h\ses ( ! l&-own]s1 e :]e f\nd *loride ( lime1 :i* !y took = ! poison\s p[d]1 confirm$ _! suspicions1 & drove ! p to madness4 ,9 ?is /ate ( excitem5t1 !y committ$ ! mo/ appall+ excesses4 ,?us1 = in/ance1 :5 a deta*m5t ( ?irty soldi]s1 head$ by an ensign1 attempt$ to re/ore ord] 9 ,kluckn[1 ! peasants1 :o 7 t5 times _! numb]1 fell ^u !m2 ! soldi]s 7 releas$1 b ! ensign 0 b\nd1 tortur$ ) scissors & knives1 !n behead$1 & 8 head fix$ on a pike z a trophy4 ,a civil (fic] 9 company ) ! milit>y 0 dr[n$1 8 c>riage brok51 &1 *loride ( lime be+ f\nd 9 ! c>riage1 "o ( ! inmates 0 compell$ to eat x till he vomit$ blood1 :i* aga9 confirm$ ! notion ( poison4 ,on ! attack ( ! h\se ( ! "l at ,kluckn[1 ! c\ntess sav$ h] life by pite\s entreaties3 b ! *ief bailiff1 9 ^: h\se *loride ( lime 0 unhappily f\nd1 0 kill$1 toge!r ) 8 son1 a little daught]1 a cl]k1 a maid1 & two /ud5ts :o bo>d$ ) him4 ,s ! b&s w5t f village to village2 :]ev] a nobleman or a physician 0 f\nd1 dea? 0 8 lot2 & 9 a %ort "t x 0 kn[n t ! high con/able ( ! c\nty ( ,zempl91 & sev]al c\nts1 nobles1 & p>i% prie/s1 _h be5 murd]$4 ,a cl]gyman 0 hang$ because he refus$ to take an oa? t he _h ?r[n poison into a well2 ! eyes ( a c\ntess 7 put out1 & innoc5t *ildr5 cut to pieces4 ,c\nt ,czaki1 hav+ fir/ asc]ta9$ t 8 family 0 safe1 fl$ f 8 e/ate at ! risk ( 8 life2 b he 0 /opp$ at ,kirt*trauf1 pelt$ ) /ones1 & w\nd$ all ov]1 torn f 8 horse1 & only sav$ by a wor?y m]*ant :o fell on him1 cry+1 ',n[ ,i h got ! rascal4' ,he drew ! c\nt into a neighbor+ conv5t1 :]e 8 w\nds 7 dress$1 & a refuge af=d$ him4 ,8 secret>y 0 /ruck f 8 horse ) an ax1 b sav$ 9 a simil> mann]1 & 9 ! ev5+ convey$ ) 8 ma/] to ,leuts*au4#ca #ca ,quot$ f an address deliv]$ 9 ,bo/on by ,edw>d ,ev]ett4 ,a little k on ! "p ( ! peasantry w\ld h prev5t$ ^! horrible sc5es4 ,_h !y le>n$ ev5 ! elem5ts ( physiology & *emi/ry1 !y w\ld h kn[n t cleanl9ess is ess5tial to heal? at all times1 & t dur+ ! preval5ce ( a malignant epidemic x is d\bly ne$ful4 ,!y w\ld h kn[n1 also1 t *loride ( lime is n a m$ic9e to be tak5 int]nally1 b t x is v useful = dis9fect+ (f5sive ap>tm5ts1 & t its t5d5cy1 :5 prop]ly us$1 w\ld be to c\nt]act ! cause ( ! disease :i* !y s mu* dread$4 ,among all nations1 & 9 all ages ( ! _w1 ignorance has n only deb>r$ mank9d f _m exquisite & sublime enjoym5ts1 b has creat$ innum]able unf\nd$ al>ms1 :i* greatly increase ! sum ( human mis]y4 ,9 ! e>ly ages ( ! _w1 a total eclipse ( ! sun or ( ! moon 0 reg>d$ ) ! utmo/ con/]nation1 z if "s unusual cata/rophe _h be5 ab\t to befall ! univ]se4 ,believ+ t ! moon 9 an eclipse 0 sick5+ or dy+1 ?r\gh ! influ5ce ( en*ant]s1 ! trembl+ spectators _h rec\rse to ! r++ ( bells1 ! s\nd+ ( trumpets1 ! beat+ ( braz5 vessels1 & to l\d & horrid exclamations1 9 ord] to break ! en*antm5t1 & to dr[n ! mutt]+ ( wit*es1 t ! moon might n he> !m4 ,nor are su* fooli% op9ions & cu/oms yet bani%$ f ! _w4 ,comets1 too1 ) _! blaz+ tails1 7 long reg>d$1 & /ill are by _m1 z h>b+]s ( div9e v5geance1 presag+ fam9es & inundations1 or ! d[nfall ( pr9ces & ! de/ruction ( empires4 ,! nor!rn lights h be5 frequ5tly gaz$ at ) simil> appreh5sions1 :ole prov9ces hav+ be5 ?r[n into con/]nation by ! fanta/ic coruscations ( ^! lamb5t meteors4 ,"s pret5d to see 9 ^! h>mless lights armies mix+ 9 fi]ce enc\nt] & fields /ream+ ) blood1 :ile o!rs behold /ates ov]?r[n1 e>?quakes1 inundations1 pe/il5ces1 & ! mo/ dreadful calamities4 ,because "s "o or o!r ( ^! calamities =m]ly happ5$ soon aft] ! appe>ance ( a comet or ! blaze ( an aurora1 !re=e !y are consid]$ ei!r z ! causes or ! progno/ics ( su* ev5ts4 ,popul> ignorance has giv5 rise to ! practice ( judicial a/rology2 an art :i*1 ) all its fooli% notions s fatal to ! peace ( mank9d1 has be5 practic$ 9 e p]iod ( "t4 ,"u a belief t ! *>act]s & ! fates ( m5 are dep5d5t on ! v>i\s aspects ( ! />s & conjunctions ( ! planets1 ! mo/ unf\nd$ appreh5sions1 z well z ! mo/ delusive hopes1 h be5 excit$ by ! pr(essors ( ?is fallaci\s sci5ce4 ,su* impositions on ! cr$ulity ( mank9d are f\nd$ on ! grosse/ absurdity & ! mo/ palpable ignorance ( ! nature ( ?+s2 /ill1 9 ! mid/ ( ! light ( sci5ce :i* ! pres5t c5tury has %$ ^u ! _w1 ! a/rolog] meets ) a ri* support#cb ev5 9 ! metropolis ( ,great ,brita92 & soo?say]s1 if n a/rolog]s1 get great ga9 by _! craft 9 v>i\s portions ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,! ext5sive annual sale ( hundr$s ( ?\s&s ( copies ( almanacs t ab\nd 9 a/rological pr$ictions 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ales & 9 ,great ,brita91 & ! ext5t to :i* !y are consult$1 af=ds a /rik+ pro( ( ! belief :i* is /ill atta*$ to ! doctr9es ( ?is fallaci\s sci5ce1 & ( ! ignorance & cr$ulity f :i* su* a belief proce$s4 #cb ,see ,app5dix to ,dick's ,improvem5t ( ,society1 p4 #cch4 ,%oot+ />s1 fi]y meteors1 lun> ra9b[s1 & o!r atmosph]ical ph5om5a1 h likewise be5 consid]$ by "s z om9\s ( imp5d+ calamities1 b !y are reg>d$ 9 a v diff]5t light by sci5tific obs]v]s4 ,! mo/ sublime ph5om5on ( %oot+ />s ( :i* ! _w has furni%$ any record 0 witness$ ?r\gh\t ! ,unit$ ,/ates on ! morn+ ( ! #ac? ( ,novemb]1 #ahcc4 ,?is a/oni%+ exhibition cov]$ no inconsid]able portion ( ! e>?'s surface4 ,! fir/ appe>ance 0 e :]e t ( fire-works ( ! mo/ impos+ gr&eur1 cov]+ ! entire vault ( heav5 ) myriads ( fire-balls resembl+ sky-rockets2 b ! mo/ brilliant sky-rockets & fire-works ( art be> less relation to ! spl5dors ( ?is cele/ial exhibition ?an ! tw9kl+ ( ! mo/ t9y /> to ! broad gl>e ( ! noonday sun4 ,_! coruscations 7 bright1 gleam+1 & incessant1 & !y fell ?ick z ! flakes 9 ! e>ly sn[s ( ,decemb]4 ,! :ole heav5s seem$ 9 motion1 & sugge/$ to "s ! awful gr&eur ( ! image employ$ 9 ! ,apocalypse ^u ! op5+ ( ! six? seal1 :5 ! />s ( heav5 fell unto ! e>?1 ev5 z a fig-tree ca/e? h] untimely figs :5 %e is %ak5 ( a mighty w9d4 ,:ile ^! sc5es ( gr&eur 7 view$ ) unspeakable delight by enlight5$ sci5tific obs]v]s1 ! ignorant & sup]/iti\s 7 ov]p[]$ ) horror & dismay4 ,! description :i* a g5tleman ( ,s\? ,c>ol9a gave ( ! effect produc$ by ?is ph5om5on ^u 8 ignorant blacks w apply well to _m h>dly bett] in=m$ :ite p]sons4 ,i 0 sudd5ly awak5$1 said he1 by ! mo/ di/ress+ cries t ev] fell ^u my e>s4 ,%rieks ( horror & cries ( m]cy ,i c\ld he> f mo/ ( ! negroes ( ?ree plantations1 am\nt+ 9 all to ab\t six or eight hundr$4 ,:ile e>ne/ly li/5+ = ! cause1 ,i he>d a fa9t voice ne> ! door call+ my "n3 ,i arose1 &1 tak+ my sword1 /ood at ! door4 ,at ?is mom5t ,i he>d ! same voice /ill besee*+ me to rise & say+1 ',o6 my ,god1 ! _w is on fire6' ,i !n op5$ ! door1 & x is difficult to say :i* excit$ me mo/1 ! awfulness ( ! sc5e or ! di/ress$ cries ( ! negroes4 ,upw>d ( "o hundr$ lay pro/rate on ! gr\nd1 "s spee*less1 & "s ) ! bitt]e/ cries1 b mo/ ) _! h&s rais$1 implor+ ,god to save ! _w & !m4 ,! sc5e 0 truly awful1 = nev] did ra9 fall mu* ?ick] ?an ! meteors fell t[>d ! e>?2 ea/1 we/1 nor?1 & s\?1 x 0 ! same4 ,^? h>mless meteors1 ! ignes fatui1 :i* hov] above moi/ & f5ny places 9 ! night-"t1 emitt+ a glimm]+ light1 h be5 reg>d$ by ! ignorant z malici\s spirits endeavor+ to deceive ! bewild]$ travel] & lead him to de/ruction4 ,! pla9tive note ( ! m\rn+ dove1 ! tick+ noise ( ! little insect call$ ! dea?-wat*1 ! h[l+ ( a dog 9 ! night-"t1 ! meet+ ( a bit* ) :elps1 or a snake ly+ 9 ! road1 ! break+ ( a look+-glass1 & ev5 ! fall+ ( salt f ! table1 & ! curl+ ( a fib] ( wick 9 a burn+ c&le1 toge!r ) _m o!r equally h>mless incid5ts1 h be5 reg>d$ ) appreh5sions ( t]ror1 be+ consid]$ z unfail+ signs ( imp5d+ disa/]s or ( approa*+ dea?4 ,dr4 ,dick rem>ks1 t 9 ! ,highl&s ( ,scotl&--& x %\ld be borne 9 m9d t ! ,scot* are1 z a nation1 bett] in/ruct$1 & m moral & religi\s 9 _! habits1 ?an any o!r p 9 ,europe--! motions & appe>ances ( ! cl\ds 71 n long ago1 consid]$ om9\s ( disa/r\s ev5ts4 ,on ! ev5+ be=e new ye>'s day1 if a black cl\d appe>$ 9 any "p ( ! horizon1 x 0 ?\ght to progno/icate a plague1 a fam9e1 or ! dea? ( "s great man 9 t "p ( ! c\ntry ov] :i* x seem$ to hang2 & 9 ord] to asc]ta9 ! place ?reat5$ by ! om51 ! motions ( ! cl\ds 7 (t5 wat*$ ?r\gh ! :ole night4 ,9 ! same c\ntry1 ! inhabitants reg>d c]ta9 days z unlucky1 or om9\s ( bad =tune4 ,! day ( ! week on :i* ! ?ird ( ,may falls is deem$ unlucky ?r\gh\t ! ye>4 ,) a v slight *ange1 a "p ( ?is description w\ld apply well to our own c\ntry1 ev5 up to ! pres5t "t4 ,h[ _m ?\s&s ( days are lo/ annually 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates 9 consequ5ce ( sup]/iti\s fe>s 9 relation to sett+ out ^u a j\rney1 ent]+ ^u a new pursuit ( any k9d1 or ev5 beg9n+ to plant or pl[ on ,friday1 ! unlucky day ( ! ,am]icans4 ,h[ _m p]sons h _h mis=tunes att5d !m all _! lives because !y 7 born1 or *ri/5$1 or m>ri$ on ,friday6 ,h[ _m h\ses h be5 burn$ because !y 7 begun1 rais$1 or mov$ into on ,friday6 ,h[ _m /eamboats & vessels h be5 burn$ or wreck$ because !y 7 laun*$ or sail$ on ,friday6 ,& yet1 /range z x may seem1 ?is is ! v day on :i* ,columbus set sail on a voyage t result$ 9 ! discov]y ( ! ,new ,_w4 ,_m p1 & 9 "s in/ances :ole communities1 always comm5ce pl[+1 s[+1 & reap+ on ,tuesday1 ?\gh by ?is rule ! mo/ favorable wea!r = ^! purposes is frequ5tly lo/4 ,o!rs1 aga91 w n1 on any acc\nt1 p]=m c]ta9 k9ds ( labor on ,friday4 ,! age ( ! moon is also mu* att5d$ to 9 _m p>ts ( ! _w4 ,among ! vulg> ,highl&]s1 an op9ion prevails1 t if a h\se takes fire :ile ! moon is 9 ! decrease1 ! family w f t "t decl9e 9 its circum/ances & s9k into pov]ty4 ,9 ?is c\ntry1 equally unf\nd$ & ridicul\s op9ions are ent]ta9$4 ,pass+ by ! m commonly receiv$ op9ions t if sw9e are kill$ 9 ! old ( ! moon1 ! pork w %r9k 9 ! pot2 t se$ s[n at ?is "t w be less likely to d well1 etc41 etc41 ,i w m5tion "o or two in/ances ( op9ions :i*1 al?\gh equally well f\nd$1 are less commonly receiv$1 & :i* may !re=e m =cibly impress ! popul> m9d4 ,a few ye>s ago1 ,i sp5t "s mon?s 9 a neighbor+ /ate1 9 a community :]e ! belief 0 commonly ent]ta9$ t %+les %\ld n be laid nor /akes driv5 9 ! old ( ! moon1 because ! =m] w\ld be m likely to w>p1 & ! latt] to be ?r[n by ! fro/4 ,! same & k9dr$ op9ions are ext5sively held 9 v>i\s portions ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,^! are a few1 & b a v few1 ( ! sup]/iti\s notions & va9 fe>s by :i* ! great majority ( ! human race1 9 e age & c\ntry1 h be5 enslav$1 z he :o w take ! pa9s to p]use ,dr4 ,dick's admirable treatise on ! improvem5t ( society by ! diffusion ( k c n fail to be conv9c$4 ,t su* absurd notions %\ld ev] h prevail$ is a mo/ grat+ & humiliat+ ?\ght1 :5 we consid] ! noble faculties ) :i* man is end[$4 ,t !y /ill prevail to a great ext5t1 ev5 9 our own c\ntry1 is a /rik+ pro( t z yet we are1 z a p1 b j em]g+ f ! gloom ( intellectual d>kness4 ,! preval5ce ( su* op9ions is to be regrett$1 n only on acc\nt ( ! gr\ndless al>ms !y create1 b *iefly on acc\nt ( ! false ideas !y inspire ) reg>d to ! nature ( ! ,supreme ,rul] ( ! univ]se1 & ( 8 arrangem5ts 9 ! gov]nm5t ( ! _w4 ,he ^: m9d is enlight5$ ) true sci5ce p]ceives ?r\gh\t all nature ! mo/ /rik+ evid5ces ( b5evol5t design1 & rejoices 9 ! b5ignity ( ! ,great ,p>5t ( ! univ]se1 discov]+ no?+ 9 ! arrangem5ts ( ! ,creator1 9 any dep>tm5t ( 8 works1 :i* has a direct t5d5cy to produce pa9 to any intellig5t or s5sitive be+4 ,! sup]/iti\s man1 on ! contr>y1 contemplates ! sky1 ! air1 ! wat]s1 & ! e>? z fill$ ) malici\s be+s1 ev] ready to haunt him ) t]ror or to plot 8 de/ruction4 ,! =m] contemplates ! ,deity direct+ ! movem5ts ( ! mat]ial _w by fix$ & inv>iable laws1 :i* none b himself c c\nt]act or susp5d4 ,! latt] views ^! movem5ts z cont9ually liable to be controll$ by caprici\s & malignant be+s to gratify ! mo/ trivial passions4 ,h[ v diff]5t1 ( c\rse1 mu/ be _! conceptions & feel+s respect+ ! attributes & gov]nm5t ( ! ,supreme ,be+6 ,:ile ! "o views him z ! inf9itely wise & b5evol5t ,fa!r1 ^: pat]nal c>e & goodness inspire confid5ce & affection1 ! o!r mu/ reg>d him1 9 a c]ta9 degree1 z a caprici\s be+1 & (f] up 8 adorations "u ! influ5ce ( fe>4 ,^! & l notions h also an evid5t t5d5cy to habituate ! m9d to false pr9ciples & processes ( reason+ :i* unfit x = legitimate conclusions 9 its rese>*es aft] tru?4 ,!y manife/ly *a9 d[n ! und]/&+1 & unfit x = ! appreciation ( ^? noble & enl>g$ views :i* revelation & mod]n sci5ce exhibit ( ! ord]1 ext5t1 & economy ( ! univ]se4 ,x is lam5table to reflect t s _m ?\s&s ( be+s end[$ ) ! faculty ( reason1 :o c n by any means be p]suad$ ( ! motion ( ! e>?1 & ! di/ances & magnitudes ( ! heav5ly bodies1 %\ld swall[1 )\t ! lea/ hesitation1 op9ions t5 ?\s& times m improbable4 ,not)/&+ ! ma!matical c]ta9ty ( ! tru? ( ! ,cop]nican sy/em ( a/ronomy1 ,i h nev] yet become ext5sively acqua9t$ ) any community 9 :i* ,i h n f\nd _m p]sons pr(ess+ a respectable degree ( intellig5ce1 & ev5 (ficial memb]s ( or?odox *ur*es1 :o entirely discr$it its sublime tea*+s2 & yet "s ( ^! v p]sons f9d little difficulty 9 believ+ t an old woman c trans=m h]self into a h>e1 & w+ h] way ?r\gh ! air on a broom/ick4 ,:at contract$ notions su* p]sons mu/ h ( ! almight9ess ( ! ,deity1 & ( ! inf9ite dep? ( mean+ ( ! foll[+ & l passages ( ,scripture3 ,! heav5s decl>e ! glory ( ,god1 & ! firmam5t %[e? 8 h&y "w4 ,day unto day utt]e? spee*1 & night unto night %[e? k4--,ps4 xix41 #a-b4 ,x has be5 already rem>k$1 t ! :ole hi/ory ( ! _w ju/ifies ! /atem5t t ignorant & uncultivat$ m9d is prone to s5suality & cruelty4 ,spa9 & ,hung>y 7 ref]r$ to 9 illu/ration4 ,we are n[ prep>$ to rem>k1 :at is worse /ill1 t :]e su* sup]/iti\s notions z we h be5 consid]+ are held1 ev5 by p]sons :o are some:at educat$1 !y almo/ inv>iably lead to ! p]petration ( de$s ( cruelty & inju/ice4 ,_m ( ! b>b>ities committ$ 9 pagan c\ntries1 bo? 9 _! religi\s wor%ip & _! civil polity1 & mo/ ( ! cruelties inflict$ on ! victims ( ! ,romi% ,inquisition1 h fl[$ f ?is s\rce4#cc ,nor are ! annals ( ,great ,brita9 & ! ,unit$ ,/ates defici5t 9 examples ( ?is k9d4 ,ab\t ! comm5cem5t ( ! la/ c5tury1 ! belief 9 wit*craft1 :i* 0 almo/ univ]sal ?r\gh\t ,*ri/5dom1 0 held 9 bo? ( ^! c\ntries4 ,! laws ( ,engl&1 :i* admitt$ its exi/5ce & puni%$ x ) dea?1 7 adopt$ by ! ,puritans ( ,new ,engl&1 & 9 less ?an tw5ty ye>s f ! f\nd+ ( ! colony1 "o individual 0 tri$ & execut$ = ! suppos$ crime4 ,half a c5tury lat] ! delusion broke out 9 ,salem4 ,a m9i/]1 ^: daught] & niece 7 subject to convulsions accompani$ by extraord9>y symptoms1 suppos+ !y 7 bewit*$1 ca/ 8 suspicions on an ,indian woman :o liv$ 9 ! h\se1 & :o 0 :ipp$ until %e confess$ h]self a wit*2 & ! tru? ( ! confession1 al?\gh obta9$ 9 ?is way1 0 n d\bt$4 ,dur+ ! same ye> m ?an fifty p]sons 7 t]rifi$ into ! confession ( wit*craft1 tw5ty ( :om 7 put to dea?4 ,nei!r age1 sex1 nor /ation af=d$ any safegu>d aga9/ a *>ge = ?is suppos$ crime4 ,wom5 & *ildr5 n only 7 its victims1 b magi/rates 7 condemn$1 & a cl]gyman ( ! highe/ respectability 0 among ! execut$4 ,s late z #agbb a woman 0 burn$ = wit*craft 9 ,scotl&1 :i* 0 among ! la/ executions 9 t c\ntry4 #cc ,9 ! ,du*y ( ,lorra9e1 n9e hundr$ females 7 deliv]$ ov] to ! flames = be+ wit*es1 by "o inquisitor alone4 ,"u ?is accusation1 x is reckon$ t upw>d ( ?irty ?\s& wom5 h p]i%$ by ! h&s ( ! ,inquisition4--,quot$ by ,dr4 ,dick f ,inquisition ,unmask$4 ,x appe>s t ^! sup]/iti\s notions1 s f> f be+ innoc5t & h>mless speculations1 lead to ! mo/ deplorable results2 !y ought1 !re=e1 to be und]m9$ & ?or\ghly eradicat$ by all p]sons :o wi% to promote ! happ9ess & well-be+ ( g5]al society4 ,?is duty is especially incumb5t ^u p>5ts & tea*]s1 & c be effect$ only by r5d]+ correct e>ly education univ]sal4 ,ignorance ( ! laws & economy ( nature is ! "o great s\rce ( ^! absurd op9ions4 ,!y h n only no f\ndation 9 nature or exp]i5ce1 b are directly oppos$ to bo?4 ,9 proportion1 !n1 z we advance 9 our rese>*es into ,nature's economy & laws1 %all we p]ceive _! futility & absurdity4 ,z 9 o!r cases1 take away ! cause1 & ! effect w be remov$4 ,education w dissipate all ^! evils4 ,x is true t an acqua9tance ) a numb] ( dead languages1 ) ,roman & ,grecian antiquities1 ) ! subtleties ( metaphysics1 ) pagan my?ology1 & ) politics & poetry1 may coexi/ ) ^! sup]/itions1 z 0 true 9 ! case ( ! late ,dr4 ,samuel ,johnson1 :o believ$ 9 gho/s & 9 ! second sight4 ,h[ev] important 9 o!r respects ^! dep>tm5ts ( an ext5sive & v>i$ education may be1 !y d n =m an effectual b>ri] aga9/ ! admission ( sup]/iti\s op9ions4 ,9 ord] to d ?is1 ! m9d mu/ be direct$ to ! /udy ( ! mat]ial univ]se1 to contemplate ! v>i\s appe>ances x pres5ts1 & to m>k well ! uni=m results ( ^? inv>iable laws by :i* x is gov]n$4 ,9 p>ticul>1 ! att5tion %\ld be direct$ to ^? discov]ies :i* h be5 made by philosoph]s 9 ! diff]5t dep>tm5ts ( nature & art dur+ ! la/ two c5turies4 ,= ?is purpose1 ! /udy ( natural hi/ory1 z record+ ! v>i\s facts respect+ ! atmosph]e1 ! wat]s1 ! e>?1 & animat$ be+s1 comb9$ ) ! /udy ( natural philosophy & a/ronomy1 z expla9+ ! causes ( ! ph5om5a ( nature1 w h a happy t5d5cy to eradicate f ! m9d sup]/iti\s & false notions1 & at ! same "t w pres5t to view objects ( delightful contemplation4 ,let a p]son be once ?or\ghly conv9c$ t nature is uni=m 9 h] op]ations1 & gov]n$ by regul> laws impress$ by an all-wise & b5evol5t ,be+1 & he w soon be inspir$ ) confid5ce1 & w n easily be al>m$ at any occasional ph5om5a :i* at fir/ sight might appe> z exceptions to ! g5]al rule4 ,let p]sons be taught1 = example1 t eclipses are occasion$ m]ely by ! %ad[ ( "o opaque body fall+ ^u ano!r2 t !y are ! necess>y result ( ! incl9ation ( ! moon's orbit to t ( ! e>?2 t1 if ^! orbits 7 9 ! same plane1 !re w\ld be an eclipse ( ! sun & ( ! moon e mon?1 ! =m] occurr+ at ! *ange1 & ! latt] at ! full ( ! moon2 t ! times :5 !y d actually take place dep5d on ! new or full moon happ5+ at or ne> ! po9ts ( int]section ( ! orbits ( ! e>? & moon1 & t o!r planets :i* h moons exp]i5ce eclipses ( a simil> nature4 ,let !m also be taught t ! comets are regul> bodies belong+ to our sy/em1 :i* f9i% _! revolutions & appe> & disappe> 9 /at$ p]iods ( "t2 t ! nor!rn lights1 ?\gh seldom se5 9 s\!rn climes1 are frequ5t 9 ! regions ( ! ,nor?1 & supply ! inhabitants ) light 9 ! abs5ce ( ! sun1 & h probably a relation to ! magnetic & electric fluids2 t ! ignes fatui are h>mless lights1 =m$ by ! ignition ( a c]ta9 species ( gas produc$ 9 ! soils above :i* !y hov]2 & t ! notes ( ! dea?-wat*1 s f> f be+ presages ( dea?1 are asc]ta9$ to be ! notes ( love & presages ( hym5eal int]c\rse among ^! little insects4 ,let rational in=mation ( ?is k9d be imp>t$ to p g5]ally1 & !y w le>n to contemplate nature ) tranquillity & composure4 ,a m b5eficial effect ?an ?is w at ! same "t be produc$1 = ^? v objects :i* 7 =m]ly beheld ) al>m w n[ be conv]t$ into s\rces ( enjoym5t1 & be contemplat$ ) emotions ( delight4 ,to remove ! gr\ndless appreh5sions :i* arise f ! fe> ( invisible & incorporeal be+s1 let p]sons be in/ruct$ 9 ! v>i\s optical illusions to :i* we are subject1 aris+ f ! int]v5tion ( fogs1 & ! indi/9ctness ( vision 9 ! night-"t1 :i* makes u frequ5tly mi/ake a bu% t is ne> u = a l>ge tree at a di/ance1 & let !m be taught t "u ! influ5ce ( ^! illusions a timid imag9ation w trans=m ! indi/9ct image ( a c[ or a horse into a t]rific phantom ( a mon/r\s size4 ,let !m also be taught1 by a selection ( well-au!nticat$ facts1 ! p[]ful influ5ce ( ! imag9ation 9 creat+ ideal =ms1 especially :5 "u ! dom9ion ( fe>2 ! effects produc$ by ! work+s ( consci5ce :5 h>ass$ by guilt2 let !m be taught ! effects produc$ by lively dreams1 by /rong doses ( opium1 by drunk5ness1 hy/]ic passions1 madness1 & o!r disord]s t affect ! m9d4 ,let ! exp]im5ts ( optics1 & ! /rik+ ph5om5a produc$ by electricity1 galvanism1 magnetism1 & ! diff]5t gases1 be exhibit$ to _! view1 toge!r ) details ( ! results :i* h be5 produc$ by v>i\s me*anical contrivances4 ,9 f9e1 let _! att5tion be direct$ to ! fooli%1 :imsical1 & extravagant notions attribut$ to app>itions1 & to _! inconsi/5cy ) ! wise & b5evol5t arrangem5ts ( ! ,gov]nor ( ! univ]se4 ,!re is no rational f\ndation = ent]ta9+ any d\bts b t1 c\ld su* in/ructions z ,i h sugge/$ be univ]sally giv51 ! effect w\ld be ! bani%m5t ( sup]/itions ( ! nature contemplat$ f among mank9d2 = !y h uni=mly produc$ ?is effect on e m9d :i* has be5 ?us enlight5$4 ,:]e is ! man to be f\nd ^: m9d is enlight5$ by ! doctr9es & discov]ies ( mod]n sci5ce1 & :o yet rema9s ! slave ( sup]/iti\s notions & va9 fe>s8 ,( all ! philosoph]s ( ,am]ica & ,europe1 is !re "o :o is al>m$ at an eclipse1 at a comet1 at an ignis fatuus1 or at ! notes ( a dea?-wat*8 or :o po/pones 8 exp]im5ts on acc\nt ( :at is call$ an unlucky day8 ,:o ev] he>d ( a spect] appe>+ to su* a p]son1 dragg+ him f b$ at ! dead h\r ( midnight1 to w&] ?r\gh ! =e/1 trembl+ ) fe>8 ,su* be+s appe> only to ! ignorant & illit]ate1 at lea/ to ^? :o are unacqua9t$ ) natural sci5ce1 & we nev] he> ( _! appe>+ to any :o did n previ\sly believe 9 _! exi/5ce4 ,b %\ld philosoph]s be fre$ f su* t]rific visions1 if sub/antial k has n ! p[] ( bani%+ !m f ! m9d8 ,:y %\ld sup]natural be+s feel s %y 9 conv]s+ ) m5 ( sci5ce8 ,^! w\ld1 inde$1 be ! fitte/ p]sons to :om !y might imp>t _! secrets1 & communicate in=mation respect+ ! invisible _w2 b x nev] falls to _! lot to be favor$ ) su* visits4 ,x may !re=e be conclud$ t ! diffusion ( useful k among mank9d w\ld infallibly dissipate ^? gr\ndless fe>s :i* h bani%$ mu* ( happ9ess f ! human family1 & p>ticul>ly among ! l[] ord]s ( society4#cd #cd ,dr4 ,dick1 to :om ,i h frequ5tly ref]r$1 & ^: writ+s ,i h freely consult$1 expresses 9 a note a s5tim5t 9 :i* ,i fully concur4 ,x w\ld be unfair1 says he1 to inf]1 f any expression "h us$1 t ! au?or d5ies ! possibility ( sup]natural visions & appe>ances4 ,we are assur$ f ! records ( sacr$ hi/ory t be+s ( an ord] sup]ior to ! human race h 'at sundry times & 9 div]s mann]s' made _! appe>ance to m54 ,b !re is ! mo/ m>k$ diff]5ce betwe5 vulg> app>itions & ! cele/ial mess5g]s to :i* ! records ( revelation ref]4 ,!y appe>$ n to old wom5 & cl[ns1 b to patri>*s1 prophets1 & apo/les4 ,!y appe>$ n to fright5 ! timid & to create unnecess>y al>m1 b to decl>e 'tid+s ( great joy4' ,!y appe>$ n to reveal su* paltry secrets z ! place :]e a pot ( gold or silv] is conceal$1 or :]e a lo/ r+ may be f\nd1 b to communicate intellig5ce wor?y ( a ,god to reveal1 & ( ! utmo/ importance = man to receive4 ,9 ^! & _m o!r respects1 !re is ! mo/ /rik+ contra/ betwe5 popul> gho/s & ! sup]natural communications & appe>ances record$ 9 ,scripture4 ,i might1 p]haps1 safely dismiss ?is subject1 & proce$ to ! consid]ation ( o!r topics2 b1 be=e do+ s1 x may be well to /ate t _m ( ! views "h pres5t$1 & all t come )9 ! range ( ! subjects discuss$ by him1 are fully su/a9$ by ,dr4 ,l>dn]1 ^: popul> lectures on sci5ce & art h be5 s well receiv$ bo? 9 ,europe & ,am]ica4 ,8 publi%]s ju/ly rem>k1 t probably no public lectur] ev] cont9u$1 = ! same l5g? ( "t1 to collect ar\nd him s num]\s audi5ces4 ,! au?or himself /ates1 9 ! preface to 8 ,lectures1#ce t f ,novemb]1 #ahda1 :5 he comm5c$ 8 public lectures 9 ! lecture-room ( ,cl9ton ,hall1 9 ,new ,york1 to ! close ( ! ye> #ahdd1 :5 he conclud$ 8 public labors 9 ?is c\ntry1 he visit$ e consid]able city & t[n ( ! ,union1 f ,bo/on to ,new ,orleans1 & f ,new ,york to ,/4 ,l\is4 ,mo/ ( ! pr9cipal cities 7 twice visit$1 & sev]al c\rses 7 giv5 9 ,bo/on1 ,new ,york1 & ,philadelphia4 ,nor did ! appetite = ?is species ( intellectual ent]ta9m5t appe> to flag by repetition4 #ce ,9 two l>ge volumes1 publi%$ by ,greeley & ,mc,elrath1 ,new ,york4 ,i c n =be> mak+ a few quotations f ! preface to ! "w "u consid]ation1 :i* are cr$itable to ! comp>ative intellig5ce ( ! ,am]ican p1 & %[ ! avidity ) :i* !y seek in/ruction & useful k4 ,dr4 ,l>dn] obs]ves1 t x 0 usual on ea* ev5+ to deliv] f two to f\r ( ! essays :i* compose ! cont5ts ( ! pres5t volumes1 & ! duration ( ! ent]ta9m5t 0 f two to ?ree h\rs4 ,on e occasion ! mo/ pr(\nd int]e/ 0 ev9c$ on ! "p ( ! audi5ce1 & ! mo/ unremitt+ & sil5t att5tion 0 giv54 ,^! assemblies consi/$ ( p]sons ( bo? sexes1 ( e age1 f ! eld] classes ( pupils 9 ! s*ools to _! gr&fa!rs & gr&mo!rs4 ,frequ5tly ! audi5ces am\nt$ to twelve hundr$1 & sometimes1 z at ! ,philadelphia ,museum1 !y exce$$ two ?\s&4 ,nor 0 ! manife/ation ( ?is int]e/ conf9$1 z might be imag9$1 to ! nor!rn ,atlantic cities1 :]e education is kn[n to be att5d$ to1 & :]e1 z 9 ,new ,engl&1 ! diffusion ( useful k is reg>d$ z a p>am\nt duty ( ! /ate4 ,! same cr[d$ assemblies 7 collect$1 = a long succession ( nights1 9 ! l>ge/ !at]s ( ea* ( ! s\!rn & we/]n cities2 9 ! ,*>le/on ,!at]2 ! ,mobile ,!at]2 ! ,/4 ,*>les ,!at]1 ,new ,orleans2 ! ,vicksburg & ,jackson ,!at]s1 ,mississippi2 ! ,/4 ,l\is ,!at]1 ,miss\ri2 & 9 ! !at]s ( ,c9c9nati1 ,pittsburg1 & o!r we/]n & c5tral cities4 ,x c n be d5i$ t su* facts are symptomatic ( a v rem>kable condition ( ! public m9d1 m especially among a p :o are admitt$ to be1 m ?an any o!r nation1 engross$ by money-gett+ & by ! m mat]ial pursuits ( life4 ,! less pret5sion to eloqu5ce & ! attractive graces ( oratory ! lectur] c (f]1 ! m surpris+ is ! result1 & ! m cr$itable to ! intellig5ce ( ! ,am]ican p4 ,x is c]ta9 t a simil> intellectual ent]ta9m5t1 clogg$1 z x necess>ily 01 ) a pecuni>y condition ( admission1 w\ld fail to attract an audi5ce ev5 9 ! mo/ poli%$ & enlight5$ cities ( ,europe4 ,:ile ^! /atem5ts are highly cr$itable to ! ,am]ican p1 ! lectures !mselves conta9 p>agraphs :i* %[ t ! popul> m9d ev5 9 our own c\ntry is n suffici5tly enlight5$ to eradicate ! sup]/itions j consid]$4 ,,! ,,moon ,,& ,,! ,,wea!r4--,dr4 ,l>dn]1 9 a lecture on ! moon1 9 answ] to ! "q1 ,does ! moon influ5ce ! wea!r8 says1#cf ,x is ass]t$1 fir/1 t at ! epo*s ( new & full moon1 & at ! qu>t]s1 !re is g5]ally a *ange ( wea!r2 &1 secondly1 t ! phases ( ! moon1 or1 9 o!r words1 ! relative position ( ! moon & sun 9 reg>d to ! e>?1 is ! cause ( ^! *anges4 ,n[ ^! & k9dr$ op9ions are v ext5sively held 9 ?is c\ntry4 ,b ! doctor ref]s to meteorological tables1 con/ruct$ 9 v>i\s c\ntries aft] ! mo/ ext5sive & c>eful obs]vation1 & ! result is t no correspond5ce exi/s betwe5 ! condition ( ! wea!r & ! phases ( ! moon4 ,he h5ce1 aft] a full exam9ation1 comes to ! conclusion t ! condition ( ! wea!r z to *ange1 or 9 any o!r respect1 has1 z a matt] ( fact1 no correspond5ce :atev] ) ! lun> phases4 #cf ,see ,lectures on ,sci5ce & ,art1 vol4 i41 p4 #cae4 ,9 ano!r lecture on ! moon & ! wea!r1 ! foll[+ decisive op9ion is express$3 ,f all t has be5 /at$1 x foll[s !n1 conclusively1 t ! popul> notions conc]n+ ! influ5ce ( ! lun> phases on ! wea!r h no f\ndation 9 ! !ory1 & no correspond5ce ) obs]v$ facts4#cg #cg ,ibid41 p4 #dai-dbj4 ,,"t ,,= ,,fell+ ,,timb]4--,9 ano!r lecture on lun> influ5ces1 ,dr4 ,l>dn] obs]ves t !re is an op9ion g5]ally ent]ta9$ t timb] %\ld be fell$ only dur+ ! decl9e ( ! moon2 = if x be cut d[n dur+ its increase1 x w n be ( a good or durable quality4 ,?is impression prevails 9 v>i\s c\ntries4 ,x is act$ ^u 9 ,engl&1 & is made ! gr\nd ( legislation 9 ,france4 ,! =e/ laws ( ! latt] c\ntry int]dict ! cutt+ ( timb] dur+ ! increase ( ! moon4 ,9 ! ext5sive =e/s ( ,g]many1 ! same op9ion is ent]ta9$ & act$ ^u1 ) ! mo/ und\bt+ confid5ce 9 its tru?4 ,sau]1 a sup]9t5d5t ( "s ( ^! di/ricts1 assigns :at he believes to be its physical cause4 ,accord+ to him1 ! increase ( ! moon causes ! sap to asc5d 9 ! timb]1 &1 on ! o!r h&1 ! decrease ( ! moon causes x to desc5d4 ,if ! timb]1 !re=e1 be cut dur+ ! decrease ( ! moon1 x w be cut 9 a dry /ate1 ! sap hav+ retir$1 & ! wood1 !re=e1 w be compact1 solid1 & durable4 ,b if x be cut dur+ ! increase ( ! moon1 x w be fell$ ) ! sap 9 x1 & w !re=e be m spongy1 m easily attack$ by worms1 m difficult to season1 & m readily split & w>p$ by *anges ( temp]ature4 ,admitt+ = a mom5t ! reality ( ?is supposition conc]n+ ! motion ( ! sap1 x w\ld foll[ t ! prop] "t = fell+ ! timb] w\ld be ! new moon1 t be+ ! epo* at :i* ! desc5t ( ! sap w\ld h be5 made1 & ! asc5t n yet comm5c$4 ,b c !re be imag9$1 9 ! :ole range ( natural sci5ce1 a physical relation m extraord9>y & unacc\ntable ?an ?is suppos$ correspond5ce betwe5 ! movem5t ( ! sap & ! phases ( ! moon8 ,assur$ly !ory af=ds n ! slighte/ c\nt5ance to su* a supposition2 b let u inquire z to ! fact :e!r x be really ! case t ! quality ( timb] dep5ds ^u ! /ate ( ! moon at ! "t x is fell$4 ,m4 ,duhamel ,monceau1 a celebrat$ ,fr5* agriculturi/1 has made direct & positive exp]im5ts = ! purpose ( te/+ ?is "q1 & has cle>ly & conclusively %[n t ! qualities ( timb] fell$ 9 diff]5t p>ts ( ! lun> mon? are ! same4 ,m4 ,duhamel fell$ a great _m trees ( ! same age1 gr[+ f ! same soil1 & expos$ to ! same aspect1 & nev] f\nd any diff]5ce 9 ! quality ( ! timb]1 :5 he comp>$ ^? :i* 7 fell$ 9 ! decl9e ( ! moon ) ^? :i* 7 fell$ dur+ its increase3 9 g5]al1 !y h af=d$ timb] ( ! same quality4 ,he adds1 h[ev]1 t by a circum/ance :i* 0 d\btless =tuit\s1 a slight diff]5ce 0 manife/$ 9 favor ( timb] :i* _h be5 fell$ betwe5 ! new & full moon1 contr>y to popul> op9ion4 ,,suppos$ ,,lun> ,,influ5ces4--,x is an aphorism receiv$ by all g>d5]s & agriculturi/s 9 ,europe1 rem>ks ! same au?or1 t vegetables1 plants1 & trees1 :i* are expect$ to fl\ri% & gr[ ) vigor1 %\ld be plant$1 graft$1 & prun$ dur+ ! increase ( ! moon4 ,?is op9ion1 h[ev]1 he ?9ks is altoge!r errone\s2 = ! exp]im5ts & obs]vations ( sev]al ,fr5* agriculturi/s h cle>ly e/abli%$ ! fact t ! increase or decrease ( ! moon has no appreciable influ5ce on ! ph5om5a ( vegetation4 ,?is errone\s prejudice prevails also on ! ,am]ican cont95t4 ,a ,fr5* au?or /ates t1 9 ,brazil1 cultivators plant dur+ ! decl9e ( ! moon all vegetables ^: roots are us$ z food1 & t1 on ! contr>y1 !y plant dur+ ! increas+ moon ! sug>-cane1 maize1 rice1 beans1 etc41 & ^? :i* be> ! food ^u _! /ocks & bran*es4 ,exp]im5ts1 h[ev]1 7 made & report$ by ,m4 de ,*auvalon1 at ,m>t9ique1 on vegetables ( bo? k9ds1 plant$ at diff]5t times 9 ! lun> mon?1 & no appreciable diff]5ce 9 _! qualities 0 discov]$4 ,!re are "s traces ( a pr9ciple adopt$ by ! ,s\? ,am]ican agronomes 7f>m]s71 accord+ to :i* !y treat ! two classes ( plants di/+ui%$ by ! production ( fruit on _! roots or on _! bran*es diff]5tly2 b !re are none 9 ! ,european aphorisms4 ,! directions ( ,pl9y are /ill m specific3 he prescribes ! "t ( ! full moon = s[+ beans1 & t ( ! new moon = l5tils4 ,truly1 says ,m4 ,arago1 we h ne$ ( a robu/ fai? to admit1 )\t pro(1 t ! moon1 at ! di/ance ( two hundr$ & =ty ?\s& miles1 %all1 9 "o position1 act advantage\sly ^u ! vegetation ( beans1 & t 9 ! opposite position1 & at ! same di/ance1 %e %all be propiti\s to l5tils4 ,dr4 ,l>dn] gives num]\s & ext5d$ illu/rations ( ! suppos$ influ5ce ( ! moon on ! gr[? ( gra91 on w9e-mak+1#ch on ! color ( ! complexion1 on putrefaction1 on ! size ( %ell-fi%1 on ! quantity ( m>r[ 9 ! bones ( animals1 on ! numb] ( bir?s1 on m5tal d]angem5t1 & o!r human maladies1 etc41 etc4 #ch ,on ?is subject ! prevail+ op9ions 9 diff]5t c\ntries disagree1 z !y d also on "s ( ! o!rs4 ,! influ5ce on ! ph5om5a ( human maladies imput$ to ! moon is v anci5t4 ,hippocrates _h s /rong a fai? 9 ! influ5ce ( cele/ial objects ^u animat$ be+s1 t he expressly recomm5ds no physician to be tru/$ :o is ignorant ( a/ronomy4 ,gal51 foll[+ ,hippocrates1 ma9ta9$ ! same op9ion1 especially ( ! influ5ce ( ! moon4 ,! critical days1 or crises1 7 ! sev5?1 f\rte5?1 & tw5ty-fir/ ( ! disease1 correspond+ to ! int]vals betwe5 ! moon's pr9cipal phases4 ,:ile ! doctr9e ( al*emi/s prevail$1 ! human body 0 consid]$ z a microcosm1 or an epitome ( ! univ]se1 ! he>t repres5t+ ! sun1 & ! bra9 ! moon4 ,! planets _h ea* 8 prop] influ5ce3 ,jupit] presid$ ov] ! lungs1 ,saturn ov] ! sple51 ,v5us ov] ! kidneys1 & ,m]cury ov] ! organs ( g5]ation4 ,! t]m lunacy1 :i* /ill designates uns\ndness ( m9d1 is a relic ( ^! grotesque notions1 & is def9$ by ,dr4 ,web/] z a species ( insanity or madness1 =m]ly suppos$ to be influ5c$ by ! moon1 or p]iodical 9 ! mon?4 ,b ev5 ?is t]m may n[ be said1 9 "s degree1 to be bani%$ f ! nom5clature ( m$ic9e2 x has1 h[ev]1 tak5 refuge 9 t receptacle ( all antiquat$ absurdities ( phraseology--! law--lunatic be+ /ill ! t]m = ! subject :o is incapable ( manag+ 8 own affairs4 ,sanctorius1 ^: "n is celebrat$ 9 physics = ! inv5tion ( ! !rmomet]1 held x z a pr9ciple t a heal?y man ga9$ two p\nds' weight at ! beg9n+ ( e lun> mon?1 :i* he lo/ t[>d its completion4 ,?is op9ion appe>s to h be5 f\nd$ on exp]im5ts made ^u himself1 & af=ds ano!r in/ance ( a =tuit\s co9cid5ce ha/ily g5]aliz$4 ,= all ! progress t has be5 made 9 ?is c\ntry t[>d ! removal f ! popul> m9d ( ! num]\s corrupt+ & debas+ absurdities :i* h hi!rto enslav$ x1 we are indebt$ to our enlight5$ & *a/5$ sy/ems ( popul> education2 & to ^!1 & to ^! only1 may we confid5tly look = entire fre$om f ! ?raldom4 ,,education ,,increases ,,! ,,productiv5ess ,,( ,,labor4 ,education has a p[] ( m9i/]+ to our p]sonal & mat]ial wants beyond all o!r ag5cies1 :e!r excell5ce ( climate1 spontaneity ( production1 m9]al res\rces1 or m9es ( silv] & gold4 ,e wise p>5t1 e wise community1 desir+ ! prosp]ity ( its *ildr5 ev5 9 ! mo/ worldly s5se1 w sp>e no pa9s 9 giv+ !m a g5]\s education4--,,horace ,,mann4 ,! be/ educat$ are always ! be/ paid4--,=eign ,report4 ,! desirabl5ess ( education is manife/1 view x 9 :at light we may1 & :e!r z affect+ individuals or communities4 ,we h already se5 t education1 & t alone1 w dissipate ! evils ( ignorance4 ,we n[ propose to discuss ! equally t5able proposition t education increases ! productiv5ess ( labor4 ,t k is p[] has become a prov]b4 ,if x be ask$ :y ! labor ( a man is m valuable ?an ! same am\nt ( physical ef=t put =? by a brute1 ! ready answ] is1 ,x is because man comb9es intellig5ce ) 8 labor4 ,a s+le yoke ( ox5 w d m 9 "o day at pl[+ ?an =ty m52 yet ! ox5 may be _h = fifty c5ts a day1 :ile ea* ( ! m5 c e>n a doll>4 ,physical ex]tion 9 ?is case1 comb9$ ) ord9>y skill1 is eighty times m valuable ?an ! same am\nt ( brute =ce4 ,! /r5g? ( ! ox is ( no acc\nt )\t "s "o to guide & apply x1 :ile ! p[] ( man is guid$ by intellig5ce )94 ,9 proportion z man's intellig5ce increases is 8 labor m valuable4 ,a small comp5sation is ! rew>d ( m]e physical p[]1 :ile skill1 comb9$ ) a mod]ate am\nt ( /r5g?1 comm&s high wages4 ,! labor ( an ignorant man is sc>cely m valuable ?an ! same am\nt ( brute =ce2 b ! s]vices ( an intellig5t1 skillful p]son are a hundr$ fold m productive4 ,i w pause & illu/rate1 = ,i wi% to h e p]son :o arises f ! p]usal ( ^! pages d s ) ! fulle/ conviction t m5tal culture is ( ! highe/ importance ev5 9 ! ord9>y dep>tm5ts ( human indu/ry4 ,x is1 inde$1 h>dly less important = ! man ( bus9ess1 ! f>m]1 or ! me*anic1 ?an = /atesm51 legislators1 & memb]s ( ! s-call$ le>n$ pr(essions4 ,an intellig5t f>m] ( my acqua9tance hav+ a piece ( gre5sw>d to break up1 & hav+ ?ree "w-horses1 det]m9$ to employ !m all4 ,he h5ce1 possess+ "s me*anical skill1 himself con/ruct$ a ?ree-horse :ipple-tree1 by means ( :i* he advantage\sly comb9$ ! /r5g? ( 8 horses4 ,a less intellig5t neighbor1 pleas$ ) ! novel appe>ance ( ?ree horses work+ abrea/1 resolv$ to try ! exp]im5t himself4 ,b n possess+ ! skill requisite to con/ruct su* a :ipple-tree1 he wait$ till 8 bett]-in=m$ & m exp]t neighbor _h got ?r\gh ) 81 & !n1 borr[+ x1 tri$ ! exp]im5t ) 8 own team4 ,e>ly "o morn+1 & full ( expectation1 aid$ by 8 two sons & a hir$ man1 he h>ness$ 8 ?ree horses to ! pl[4 ,b "o ( !m1 = ! fir/ "t1 refus$ to draw4 ,aft] sev]al fruitless attempts to make ! team "w z fir/ h>ness$1 ! relative position ( ! horses 0 *ang$1 :51 lo6 al?\gh ?is horse w\ld draw z =m]ly1 "o ( ! o!rs w\ld n4 ,by & by ano!r *ange 0 made1 & ! ?ird horse1 9 turn1 refus$ to draw4 ,! f>m] c\ld n und]/& x1 nor 8 sons1 nor 8 hir$ man4 ,8 ?ree horses1 = ! fir/ "t1 7 ea* fickle 9 turn4 ,&1 :at 0 mo/ surpris+1 !y w\ld all "w 9 ei!r ( two positions1 b 9 ! ?ird none ( !m w\ld draw4 ,! hone/ f>m] ?\ght ! age ( wit*craft _h n yet pass$4 ,at ! conclusion ( ! =5oon he gave up ! und]tak+ 9 disgu/1 &1 c>ry+ ! :ipple-tree home1 told ! /ory ( 8 unsuccessful & vexati\s exp]im5t4 ,& h[ did y h>ness ! horses to ! :ipple-tree8 inquir$ ! m intellig5t f>m]4 ,:y1 "o at ! %ort end1 & two at ! long end1 :]e !re is ! mo/ room = !m1 to be sure6 0 ! frank reply4 ,! p[] at ! %ort end1 ,i ne$ n say1 %\ld be twice t at ! long end2 :]eas he _h x rev]s$4 ,"o horse drew aga9/ two ) a d\ble pur*ase4 ,he !n w\ld h to draw twice z mu* z bo? ( !m1 or f\r times z mu* z "o ( !m4 ,! fickl5ess ( ! horses1 !n1 in/ead ( be+ ! result ( wit*craft1 z he 0 incl9$ to believe1 0 *>geable solely to ! ignorance ( _! h>dly m intellig5t ma/]4 ,a k ( ! fir/ pr9ciples ( me*anics1 or1 9 ! abs5ce ( ?is1 an ord9>y degree ( active1 available common s5se1 w\ld tea* ! prop] use ( su* a :ipple-tree4 ,= want ( ?is k1 ! f>m] suff]$ mu* *agr91 lo/ ! "t ( f\r m51 & did great injury to 8 team4 ,aft] m5tion+ ?is circum/ance on a c]ta9 occasion1 a g5tleman pres5t gave a p>allel case1 t occurr$ "u 8 imm$iate obs]vation4 ,8 neighbor _h a yoke ( ox51 "o ( :i* 0 l>ge1 /rong1 & beautiful4 ,"o day1 z ! neighbor 0 pass+ ! resid5ce ( ! g5tleman1 ! latt] rem>k$ to him1 ,y h "o v f9e-look+ ox4 ,yes1 repli$ ! neighbor1 ) app>5t satisfaction1 & a bonny fell[ he is too4 ,he c c>ry ! long end ( ! yoke1 & gr[ fat "u x4 ,"h1 aga91 ! weak] ox _h to tax 8 /r5g? d\bly on acc\nt ( ! advantage :i* ! ignorance ( 8 k9d ma/] _h un9t5tionally giv5 to 8 sup]ior yoke-fell[4 ,a f>m]1 or labor] ( any k9d1 :o possesses a k ( ! m]e/ elem5ts ( sci5ce1 & is accu/om$ to ?9k & inve/igate1 c n only "w m advantage\sly ) 8 team1 b he c d m "w himself1 & d x easi] too1 ?an 8 neighbor ( sup]ior physical /r5g?1 ?\gh ( inf]ior m5tal capacity4 ,! correctness ( ?is /atem5t may be satisfactorily prov$ & amply illu/rat$ 9 load+ timb]1 9 mov+ build+s1 9 pl[+1 & 9 almo/ e k9d ( "w done on a f>m or among m51 ei!r on l& or at sea4 ,! ignorant man w sp5d m "t 9 runn+ aft] help to d a suppos$ difficult job1 ?an x w require = a skillful "o to d x alone4 ,?is is true 9 c>p5try1 & 9 all ( ! me*anic arts4 ,increase ! practical & available education ( ! labor]1 & y enable him to d m "w1 & bett] "w too1 ?an 8 less in=m$ associate4 ,! foll[+ is a /rik+ illu/ration4 ,a practical tea*] employ$ "s me*anics to build him a b>n4 ,! day aft] ! frame 0 rais$1 ! tea*] discov]$ t x ne$$ to be turn$ a few in*es ^u its f\ndation1 to range prop]ly ) o!r build+s4 ,:ile ! me*anics w5t 9 sev]al directions to procure :at !y reg>d$ z necess>y help1 ! tea*]1 :o 0 famili> ) ! v>i\s comb9ations ( ! lev]1 effect$ ! "w alone1 & be=e _! return6 ,o!r equally /rik+ illu/rations might be cit$4 ,b education increases ! productiv5ess ( labor 9 a wid] & m ext5d$ s5se4 ,by its omnipot5t influ5ce1 man is enabl$ to lay ! elem5ts "u tribute4 ,! wat] & ! w9d1 by its my/]i\s p[]1 are made to propel 8 ma*9]y = v>i\s purposes4 ,! utmo/ skill ( ! untutor$ savage enables him to con/ruct a rude canoe :i* two c c>ry ^u _! %\ld]s by l&1 :i* is b>ely capable ( ply+ ^u our riv]s & coa/+ our inl& seas1 & :i* c be propell$ only by human muscles1 b ! educat$ man erects a magnific5t vessel1 a float+ palace1 &1 spread+ 8 canvas to ! breeze1 aid$ by ! m>9]'s compass1 c trav]se unkn[n seas 9 safety4 ,to su* p]fection has he atta9$ 9 ! sci5ce & art ( navigation1 t he cont5ds successfully ) w9d & tide1 & makes headway aga9/ bo?1 ev5 :5 he dep5ds ^u ! =m] = 8 motive p[]4 ,yes1 education enables man ev5 to tax ! g5tle breeze to urge a pr\d %ip1 heavily lad51 up an incl9$ plane1 ?\s&s ( miles1 aga9/ ! curr5t ( a mighty riv]4 ,i c n1 p]haps1 s satisfactorily e/abli% ! proposition :i* ,i am n[ endeavor+ to elucidate1 nor s well ma9ta9 ! univ]sality ( its application1 z by ref]r+ to ! writ+s ( ! mo/ indefatigable & successful labor] 9 ! dep>tm5t ( popul> education ( :i* our c\ntry c boa/4 ,i ref] to ! ,hon4 ,horace ,mann1#ci :o1 a few ye>s ago1 9 8 (ficial capacity1 op5$ a correspond5ce1 & avail$ himself ( all opportunities to hold p]sonal int]views ) _m ( ! mo/ practical1 sagaci\s1 & intellig5t bus9ess m5 9 our c\ntry1 :o = _m ye>s _h _h l>ge numb]s ( p]sons 9 _! employm5t4 ,8 object 0 to asc]ta9 ! diff]5ce 9 ! productive ability1 :]e natural capacities 7 equal1 betwe5 ! educat$ & ! un$ucat$2 betwe5 a man or a woman ^: m9d has be5 awak5$ to ?\ght1 & suppli$ ) ! rudim5ts ( k by a good common s*ool education1 & "o ^: faculties h nev] be5 develop$1 or aid$ 9 em]g+ f _! orig9al d>kness & torpor by su* a privilege4 ,= ?is purpose he conf]r$ & correspond$ ) manufactur]s ( all k9ds--) ma*9i/s1 eng9e]s1 rail-road contractors1 (fic]s 9 ! army1 etc42 classes :i* h means ( det]m9+ ! effects ( education on individuals equal 9 _! natural abilities t o!r classes d n possess4 #ci ,late ,secret>y ( ! ,massa*usetts ,bo>d ( ,education4 ,ref]5ce is "h especially made to 8 ,fif? ,annual ,report1 be>+ date ,janu>y #a1 #ahdb1 f :i*1 ) 8 cons5t1 :at foll[s "u ?is head has be5 sub/antially drawn4 ,a f>m] hir+ a labor] = "o season :o has receiv$ a good common s*ool education1 & ! ensu+ season hir+ ano!r :o has n enjoy$ ?is advantage1 al?\gh he may be p]sonally conv9c$ ( ! relative value or pr(itabl5ess ( _! s]vices1 yet he w r>ely h any exact data or te/s to ref] to by :i* he c measure ! sup]iority ( ! =m] ov] ! latt]4 ,!y d n "w side by side1 s t he c in/itute a comp>ison betwe5 ! am\nts ( labor !y p]=m4 ,!y may cultivate diff]5t fields1 :]e ! ease ( tillage or ! f]tility ( ! soils may be diff]5t4 ,!y may re> crops "u ! influ5ce ( diff]5t seasons1 s t he c n discrim9ate betwe5 :at is ref]able to ! b\nty ( nature & :at to sup]iority 9 judgm5t or skill4 ,simil> difficulties exi/ 9 e/imat+ ! am\nt & value ( female labor 9 ! h\sehold4 ,& z to ! me*anic also--! c>p5t]1 ! mason1 ! blacksmi?1 ! tool-mak] ( any k9d--!re are a ?\s& circum/ances1 :i* we call accid5tal1 t m+le _! influ5ce 9 giv+ quality & durability to _! "w1 & prev5t u f mak+ a precise e/imate ( ! relative value ( any two m5's h&icraft4 ,individual diff]5ces1 too1 9 reg>d to a s+le article or a s+le days' "w1 may be too m9ute to be notic$ or appreciat$1 :ile ! aggregate ( ^! diff]5ces at ! end ( a few ye>s may make all ! diff]5ce betwe5 a poor man & a ri* "o4 ,no obs]v+ man c h fail$ to notice ! diff]5ce betwe5 two workm51 "o ( :om1 to use a prov]bial expression1 always hits ! nail on ! head1 :ile ! o!r loses half 8 /r5g? & de/roys half 8 nails by ! awkw>dness ( 8 bl[s2 b p]haps few m5 h ?\ght ( ! diff]5ce 9 ! results ( two su* m5's labor at ! end ( tw5ty ye>s4 ,b :5 hundr$s ( m5 or wom5 "w side by side 9 ! same factory1 at ! same ma*9]y1 9 mak+ ! same fabrics1 &1 by a fix$ rule ( ! e/abli%m5t1 labor ! same numb] ( h\rs ea* day2 & :51 also1 ! products ( ea* op]ative c be c\nt$ 9 numb]1 weigh$ by ! p\nd1 or measur$ by ! y>d or cubic foot1 !n x is p]fectly practicable to det]m9e1 ) ari?metical exactness1 ! productions ( "o individual & class z comp>$ ) ^? ( ano!r individual & class4 ,s1 :]e !re are diff]5t k9ds ( labor1 "s simple1 o!rs complicat$1 & ( c\rse requir+ diff]5t degrees ( intellig5ce & skill1 x is easy to obs]ve :at class ( p]sons rise f a l[] to a high] grade ( employm5t4 ,?is1 too1 is n to be =gott51 t 9 a manufactur+ or me*anical e/abli%m5t1 or among a set ( h&s engag$ 9 fill+ up a valley or cutt+ d[n a hill1 :]e scores ( p are work+ toge!r1 ! absurd & adv5titi\s di/9ctions ( society d n intrude4 ,! capitali/ & 8 ag5ts are look+ = ! greate/ am\nt ( labor or ! l>ge/ income 9 money f _! inve/m5ts1 & !y d n promote a dunce to a /ation :]e he w de/roy raw mat]ial or slack5 indu/ry because ( 8 "n1 or bir?1 or family connections4 ,! obscure/ & humble/ p]son has a fair field = competition4 ,t he proves himself capable ( e>n+ m money = 8 employ]s is a te/imonial bett] ?an a diploma f all ! colleges4 ,n[ _m ( ! mo/ intellig5t & valuable m5 9 ! community1 9 compliance ) ,mr4 ,mann's reque/1 exam9$ _! books = a s]ies ( ye>s1 & asc]ta9$ bo? ! quality & ! am\nt ( "w p]=m$ by p]sons 9 _! employm5t1 & ! result ( ! inve/igation is a mo/ a/oni%+ sup]iority 9 productive p[] on ! "p ( ! educat$ ov] ! un$ucat$ labor]4 ,! h& is f\nd to be ano!r h& :5 guid$ by an intellig5t m9d4 ,processes are p]=m$ n only m rapidly1 b bett]1 :5 faculties :i* h be5 ex]cis$ 9 e>ly life furni% _! assi/ance4 ,individuals :o1 )\t ! aid ( k1 w\ld h be5 condemn$ to p]petual inf]iority ( condition1 & subject$ to all ! evils ( want & pov]ty1 rise to compet5ce & indep5d5ce by ! uplift+ p[] ( education4 ,9 great e/abli%m5ts1 & among l>ge bodies ( labor+ m51 :]e all s]vices are rat$ accord+ to _! pecuni>y value2 :]e !re are no extr9sic circum/ances to b9d a man d[n to a fix$ position aft] he has %[n a capacity to rise above x2 :]e1 inde$1 m5 pass by ea* o!r1 asc5d+ or desc5d+ 9 _! grades ( labor j z easily & c]ta9ly z p>ticles ( wat] ( diff]5t degrees ( temp]ature glide by ea* o!r--"u su* circum/ances x is f\nd1 z an almo/ inv>iable fact1 o!r ?+s be+ equal1 t ^? :o h be5 bless$ ) a good common s*ool education rise to a high] & a high] po9t 9 ! k9ds ( labor p]=m$1 & also 9 ! rate ( wages receiv$1 :ile ! ignorant s9k l dregs1 & are always f\nd at ! bottom4 ,james ,k4 ,mills1 ,esq41 ( ,bo/on1 :o has be5 connect$ ) a h\se t has _h = ! la/ t5 ye>s ! pr9cipal direction ( cotton-mills1 ma*9e %ops1 & calico-pr9t+ works1 9 :i* are con/antly employ$ ab\t ?ree ?\s& p]sons1 & ^: op9ions ( ! effects ( a common s*ool education ^u a manufactur+ population are ! result ( p]sonal obs]vation & inquiries1 & are conf9$ to ! te/imony ( ! ov]se]s & ag5ts :o are br\ght into imm$iate contact ) ! op]atives1 expresses ! conviction t ! rudim5ts ( a common s*ool education are ess5tial to ! atta9m5t ( skill & exp]tness z labor]s1 or to consid]ation & respect 9 ! civil & social relations ( life2 t v few :o h n enjoy$ ! advantages ( a common s*ool education ev] rise above ! l[e/ class ( op]atives1 & t ! labor ( ?is class1 :5 x is employ$ 9 manufactur+ op]ations :i* require ev5 a v mod]ate degree ( manual or m5tal dext]ity1 is unproductive2 t a l>ge majority ( ! ov]se]s & o!rs employ$ 9 situations :i* require a high degree ( skill 9 p>ticul> bran*es--:i* (t5times require a good g5]al k ( bus9ess1 & always an unexceptionable moral "*--h made _! way up f ! condition ( common labor]s1 ) no o!r advantage ov] a l>ge proportion ( ^? !y h left beh9d ?an t d]iv$ f a bett] education4 ,a /atem5t made f ! books ( "o ( ! manufactur+ companies w %[ ! relative numb] ( ! two classes1 & ! e>n+s ( ea*2 & ?is mill1 we are assur$1 may be tak5 z a fair index ( all ! o!rs4 ,! av]age numb] ( op]atives employ$ = ! la/ ?ree ye>s is twelve hundr$4 ,( ?is numb] !re are =ty-five unable to write _! names1 or ab\t ?ree & ?ree f\r?s p] c5t4 ,! av]age ( wom5's wages1 9 ! dep>tm5ts requir+ ! mo/ skill1 is two doll>s & fifty c5ts p] week1 exclusive ( bo>d4 ,! av]age wages ( ! l[e/ dep>tm5ts is "o doll> & tw5ty-five c5ts p] week4 ,( ! =ty-five :o are unable to write1 tw5ty-n9e1 or ab\t two ?irds1 are employ$ 9 ! l[e/ dep>tm5t4 ,! diff]5ce betwe5 ! wages e>n$ by ! =ty-five & ! av]age wages ( an equal numb] ( ! bett]-educat$ class is ab\t tw5ty-sev5 p] c5t4 9 favor ( ! latt]4 ,! diff]5ce betwe5 ! wages e>n$ by tw5ty-n9e ( ! l[e/ class & ! same numb] 9 ! high] is sixty-six p] c5t4 ,( sev5te5 p]sons fill+ ! mo/ responsible /ations 9 ! mills1 t5 h gr[n up 9 ! e/abli%m5t f common labor]s or appr5tices4 ,?is /atem5t does n include an importation ( sixty-?ree p]sons f ,man*e/]1 9 ,engl&1 9 #ahci4 ,among ^! p]sons !re 0 sc>cely "o :o c\ld read or write2 & al?\gh a "p ( !m _h be5 accu/om$ to "w 9 cotton-mills1 yet1 ei!r f incapacity or idl5ess1 !y 7 unable to e>n suffici5t to pay = _! subsi/5ce1 & at ! expiration ( a few weeks n m ?an half a doz5 rema9$ 9 ! employm5t ( ! company4 ,9 "s ( ! pr9t-works a l>ge proportion ( ! op]atives are =eign]s4 ,^? :o are employ$ 9 ! bran*es :i* require a consid]able degree ( skill are z well educat$ z our p 9 simil> situations4 ,b ! common labor]s1 z a class1 are )\t any education1 & _! av]age e>n+s are ab\t two ?irds only ( ^? ( our l[e/ classes1 al?\gh ! prices paid to ea* are ! same = ! same am\nt ( "w4 ,among ! m5 & boys employ$ 9 ! ma*9e %ops1 ! want ( education is q r>e4 ,mr4 ,mills does n "k an in/ance ( a p]son s employ$ :o is unable to read & write2 & _m h a good common s*ool education4 ,to ?is1 he ?9ks1 may be attribut$ ! fact t a l>ge proportion ( p]sons :o fill ! high] & m responsible situations come f ?is class ( workm54 ,f ^! /atem5ts ! read] w be able to =m "s e/imate1 9 doll>s & c5ts1 at lea/1 ( ! advantages ( ev5 a little education to ! op]ative2 & !re is n ! lea/ d\bt1 says ! same au?ority1 t ! employ] is equally b5efit$4 ,he has ! security = 8 prop]ty t intellig5ce1 good morals1 & a j appreciation ( ! regulations ( 8 e/abli%m5t always af=d4 ,8 ma*9]y & mills1 :i* con/itute a l>ge "p ( 8 capital1 are 9 ! h&s ( p]sons :o1 by _! skill1 are enabl$ to use !m to _! utmo/ capacity1 & to prev5t any unnecess>y depreciation4 ,ea* op]ative 9 a cotton-mill1 accord+ to ! e/imate ( ,mr4 ,mills1 may be suppos$ to repres5t f "o ?\s& to twelve hundr$ doll>s ( ! capital inve/$ 9 ! mill & its ma*9]y4 ,x is only f ! mo/ dilig5t & economical use ( ?is capital t ! proprietor c expect a pr(it4 ,a fraction less ?an "o half ( ! co/ ( manufactur+ common cotton goods :5 a mill is 9 full op]ation1 is made up ( *>ges :i* are p]man5t4 ,if ! product is r$uc$ 9 ! ratio ( ! capacity ( ! two classes ( op]atives m5tion$ 9 ?is /atem5t1 x w be se5 t ! co/ w be increas$ 9 a comp\nd ratio4 ,mr4 ,mills expresses ! op9ion t ! be/ cotton-mill 9 ,new ,engl&1 ) su* op]atives only z ! =ty-five m5tion$ above1 :o are unable to write _! names1 w\ld nev] yield ! proprietor a pr(it2 t ! ma*9]y w\ld be soon worn out1 & he w\ld be left1 9 a %ort "t1 ) a population no bett] ?an t :i* is repres5t$ by ! importation f ,engl&4 ,i c n imag9e any situation 9 life1 he cont9ues1 :]e ! want ( a common s*ool education w\ld be m sev]ely felt1 or be att5d$ ) worse consequ5ces1 ?an 9 manufactur+ villages2 nor1 on ! o!r h&1 is !re any :]e su* advantages c be improv$ ) great] b5efit to all p>ties4 ,!re is m excitem5t & activity 9 ! m9ds ( p liv+ 9 masses1 & if ?is exp5ds itself 9 any ( ! ?\s& vici\s indulg5ces ) :i* !y are sure to be tempt$1 ! road to de/ruction is travel$ ov] ) a spe$ exactly correspond+ to ! p[] employ$4 ,h4 ,b>tlett1 ,esq41 ( ,l[ell1 :o has be5 engag$ t5 ye>s 9 manufactur+1 & has _h ! con/ant *>ge ( f f\r hundr$ to n9e hundr$ p]sons dur+ t "t1 has come 9 contact ) a v great v>iety ( "* & disposition1 & has se5 m9d appli$ to production 9 ! me*anic & manufactur+ arts possess+ diff]5t degrees ( intellig5ce1 f gross ignorance to a high degree ( cultivation1 & he has no hesitation 9 affirm+ t he f9ds ! be/ educat$ to be ! mo/ pr(itable help4 ,ev5 ^? females :o m]ely t5d ma*9]y give a result some:at 9 proportion to ! advantages enjoy$ 9 e>ly life = education1 ^? :o h a good common s*ool education giv+1 z a class1 inv>iably a bett] production ?an ^? br\ght up 9 ignorance4 ,9 reg>d to ! dome/ic & social habits ( p]sons 9 8 employ1 ! same g5tleman adds1 ,i h nev] consid]$ m]e k1 valuable z x is to ! labor]1 z ! only advantage d]iv$ f a good common s*ool education4 ,i h uni=mly f\nd ! bett] educat$1 z a class1 possess+ a high] & bett] /ate ( morals1 m ord]ly & respectful 9 _! deportm5t1 & m ready to comply ) ! :olesome & necess>y regulations ( an e/abli%m5t4 ,& 9 times ( agitation1 on acc\nt ( "s *ange 9 regulations or wages1 ,i h always look$ to ! mo/ intellig5t1 be/ educat$1 & ! mo/ moral = support1 & h seldom be5 disappo9t$2 =1 :ile !y are ! la/ to submit to imposition1 !y reason1 & if y\r requirem5ts are reasonable1 !y w g5]ally acquiesce1 & ex]t a salut>y influ5ce ^u _! associates4 ,b ! ignorant & un$ucat$ ,i h g5]ally f\nd ! mo/ turbul5t & tr\blesome1 act+ "u ! influ5ce ( excit$ passion & jeal\sy4 ,! =m] appe> to h an int]e/ 9 su/a9+ good ord]1 :ile ! latt] seem m reckless ( consequ5ces4 ,&1 to my m9d1 all ?is is p]fectly natural4 ,! bett] educat$ h m & /rong] atta*m5ts b9d+ !m to ! place :]e !y are4 ,!y are g5]ally neat] 9 _! p]sons1 dress1 & h\ses2 surr\nd$ ) m com=ts1 ) few] ( '! ills fle% is heir to4' ,9 %ort1 ,i h f\nd ! educat$1 z a class1 m *e]ful & cont5t$1 devot+ a portion ( _! leisure "t to read+ & intellectual pursuits1 m ) _! families1 & less 9 sc5es ( dissipation4 ,! good effect ( all ?is is se5 9 ! m ord]ly & com=table appe>ance ( ! :ole h\sehold1 b n[h]e m /rik+ly ?an 9 ! *ildr54 ,a "m :o has a good common s*ool education w r>ely suff] h] *ildr5 to gr[ up 9 ignorance4 ,z ,i h said1 ?is class ( p]sons are m quiet1 m ord]ly1 &1 ,i may add1 m regul> 9 _! att5dance ^u public wor%ip1 & m punctual 9 ! p]=mance ( all _! duties4 ,mr4 ,b>tlett ?9ks x w\ld be v difficult1 if n impossible1 = a "y man1 :o has n an education equal to a good common s*ool education1 to rise f grade to grade until he %\ld obta9 ! b]? ( an ov]se]1 & t1 9 mak+ promotions1 z a g5]al ?+1 x w\ld be unnecess>y to make inquiry z to ! education ( ! "y m5 f :om y w\ld select4 ,v seldom inde$1 he says1 w\ld an un$ucat$ "y man rise to a bett] place & bett] pay4 ,"y m5 :o expect to resort to manufactur+ e/abli%m5ts = employm5t1 c n prize too highly a good education4 ,x w give !m /&+ among _! associates1 & be ! means ( promotion among _! employ]s4 ,! f9al rem>k ( ?is g5tleman1 9 a l5g?y lett]1 %[+ ! advantages ( education 9 a pecuni>y1 social1 & moral po9t ( view1 is1 t ^? :o possess ! greate/ %>e 9 ! /ock ( worldly goods are deeply int]e/$ 9 ?is subject1 z "o ( m]e insurance2 t ! mo/ effectual way ( mak+ insurance on _! prop]ty w\ld be to contribute f x en\gh to su/a9 an effici5t sy/em ( common s*ool education1 !reby educat+ ! :ole mass ( m9d1 & con/itut+ x a police m effectual ?an peace (fic]s & prisons4 ,by s do+ he ?9ks !y w\ld be/[ a b5efaction ^u ^? :o1 f ! accid5t ( bir? or p>5tage1 are subject$ to ! privations & temptations ( pov]ty1 & w\ld d mu* to remove ! prejudice & to /r5g!n ! b&s ( union betwe5 ! diff]5t & extreme portions ( society4 ,he v ju/ly reg>ds x a wise provision ( ,provid5ce :i* connects s intimately1 &1 z he ?9ks1 s indissolubly1 ! greate/ good ( ! _m ) ! highe/ int]e/ ( ! few2 or1 9 o!r words1 :i* unites into "o bro!rhood all ! memb]s ( ! community1 & 9 ! exi/+ p>tn]%ip connects insep>ably ! int]e/s ( ,labor & ,capital4#dj #dj ,! ,new ,york ,free ,s*ool ,/ate ,conv5tion1 held 9 ,syracuse ! #aj? & #aa? ( ,july in/4 7#ahej71 unanim\sly adopt$ an ,address to ! ,p ( ! ,/ate1 writt5 by ,horace ,greeley1 9 :i* ! foll[+ passage occurs1 inculcat+ ! same s5tim5t3 ,prop]ty is deeply int]e/$ 9 ! ,education ( ,all4 ,!re is no f>m1 no bank1 no mill1 no %op--unless x be a grog-%op--:i* is n m valuable & m pr(itable to its own] if locat$ among a well-educat$ ?an if surr\nd$ by an ignorant population4 ,simply z a matt] ( int]e/1 we hold x to be ! duty ( ,prop]ty to itself to provide ,education = ,all4 ,john ,cl>k1 ,esq41 ( ,l[ell1 :o has _h "u 8 sup]9t5d5ce = eight ye>s ab\t fifte5 hundr$ p]sons ( bo? sexes1 gives concurr5t te/imony4 ,he has f\nd1 ) v few exceptions1 ! be/ educat$ among 8 h&s to be ! mo/ capable1 intellig5t1 en]getic1 indu/ri\s1 economical1 & moral1 & t !y produce ! be/ "w1 & ! mo/ ( x1 ) ! lea/ injury to ! ma*9]y4 ,!y are1 9 %ort1 9 all respects ! mo/ useful1 pr(itable1 & ! safe/ op]atives2 & z a class1 !y are m ?rifty1 & m apt to accumulate prop]ty = !mselves4 ,i am v sure1 he rem>ks1 t nei!r m5 ( prop]ty nor society at l>ge h any ?+ to fe> f a m g5]al diffusion ( k1 nor f ! ext5sion & improvem5t ( our sy/em ( common s*ools4 ,on our pay-roll = ! la/ mon? are borne ! names ( twelve hundr$ & tw5ty-n9e female op]atives1 =ty ( :om receipt$ = _! pay by 'mak+ _! m>k4' ,tw5ty-six ( ^! h be5 employ$ 9 job "w2 t is1 !y are paid accord+ to ! quantity ( "w turn$ (f f _! ma*9es4 ,! av]age pay ( ^! tw5ty-six falls eighte5 & "o half p] c5t4 bel[ ! g5]al av]age ( ^? engag$ 9 ! same dep>tm5ts4 ,aga93 we h 9 our mills ab\t "o hundr$ & fifty females :o h at "s "t be5 engag$ 9 tea*+ s*ools4 ,_m ( !m tea* dur+ ! summ] mon?s1 & "w 9 ! mills 9 w9t]4 ,! av]age wages ( ^! ex-tea*]s ,i f9d to be sev5te5 & ?ree f\r?s p] c5t4 above ! g5]al av]age ( our mills1 & ab\t =ty p] c5t4 above ! tw5ty-six :o c n write _! names4 ,x may be said !y are g5]ally employ$ 9 ! high] dep>tm5ts1 :]e ! pay is bett]4 ,?is is true2 b ?is aga9 may be1 9 mo/ cases1 fairly attribut$ to _! bett] education1 :i* br+s u to ! same result4 ,if ,i _h includ$ 9 my calculations ! rema9+ f\rte5 ( ! =ty1 :o 7 mo/ly sweep]s & scrubb]s1 & :o are paid by ! day1 ! contra/ w\ld h be5 /ill m /rik+2 b1 hav+ no well-educat$ females 9 ?is dep>tm5t ) :om to comp>e !m1 ,i h omitt$ !m altoge!r4 ,9 arriv+ at ! above results1 ,i h consid]$ ! net wages m]ely1 ! price ( bo>d be+ 9 all cases ! same4 ,i d n consid] ^! results z ei!r extraord9>y or surpris+1 b z a "p only ( ! legitimate & prop] fruits ( a bett] cultivation1 & full] developm5t ( ! intellectual & moral p[]s4 ,mr4 ,mann gives ! entire lett]s f :i* ,i h s freely drawn1 & also introduces into 8 report extracts f a lett] ( ,jona?an ,crane1 ,esq41 :o has be5 = _m ye>s a l>ge rail-road contractor1 & has _h sev]al ?\s& m5 9 8 employm5t4 ,! te/imony ( ?is g5tleman is corroborative ( t already pres5t$4 ,te/imony simil> to ! prec$+ might be introduc$ f ! proprietors & sup]9t5d5ts ( ! pr9cipal manufactur+ e/abli%m5ts 9 ,am]ica n only1 b f e "p ( ! civiliz$ _w4 ,be=e conclud+ ?is *apt]1 ,i %all1 = ano!r purpose1 ref] to /atem5ts made by ext5sive manufactur]s 9 ,engl& & ,switz]l&4 ,^! are no m ?an a fair specim5 ( a mass ( facts :i* ,mr4 ,mann obta9$ f ! mo/ au!ntic s\rces4 ,!y seem to prove inconte/ably t education is n only a moral r5ovator1 & a multipli] ( intellectual p[]1 b t x is also ! mo/ prolific p>5t ( mat]ial ri*es4 ,x has a "r1 !re=e1 n only to be includ$ 9 ! gr& inv5tory ( a nation's res\rces1 b to be plac$ at ! v head ( t inv5tory4 ,x is n only ! mo/ hone/ & honorable1 b ! sure/ means ( amass+ prop]ty4 ,consid]+ education1 !n1 z a produc] ( weal?1 x foll[s t ! m educat$ a p are1 ! m w !y ab\nd 9 all ^? conv5i5ces1 com=ts1 & satisfactions :i* money w buy2 &1 o!r ?+s be+ equal1 ! increase ( compet5cy & ! decl9e ( paup]ism w be measurable on ?is scale4 ,,education ,,& ,,agriculture4--,! heal?ful & praisewor?y employm5t ( agriculture requires k = its successful prosecution4 ,9 ?is dep>tm5t ( indu/ry we are 9 p]petual contact ) ! =ces ( nature4 ,we are con/antly dep5d5t ^u !m = ! pecuni>y returns & pr(its ( our inve/m5ts1 & h5ce ! necessity ( kn[+ :at ^? =ces are1 & "u :at circum/ances !y w op]ate mo/ effici5tly1 & w mo/ b\ntifully rew>d our orig9al outlay ( money & "t4 ,our c\ntry yields a great v>iety ( agricultural productions1 & ?is br+s into requisition all t *emical & exp]im5tal k :i* p]ta9s to ! rotation ( crops & ! enri*m5t ( soils4 ,if rotation be disreg>d$1 ! repeat$ dem&s ^u ! same soil to produce ! same crop w exhau/ x ( ! elem5ts on :i* t p>ticul> crop w be/ ?rive4 ,if ! *emical +r$i5ts & aff9ities ( ! soil are n und]/ood1 an attempt may be made to re5=ce x by sub/ances ) :i* x is already sur*>g$1 in/ead ( r5ovat+ x ) ^? ( :i* x has be5 exhau/$ by previ\s gr[?s4 ,b = ^! arrangem5ts & adaptations k is ! gr& desid]atum1 & ! addition ( a new fact to a f>m]'s m9d w (t5 increase ! am\nt ( 8 h>ve/s m ?an ! addition ( acres to 8 e/ate4 ,:y is x t1 if we except ,egypt1 all ! rema9+ t]ritory ( ,africa1 conta9+ ne>ly t5 millions ( squ>e miles1 ) a soil mo/ ( :i* is incomp>ably m f]tile by nature1 produces less = ! su/5ance ( man & bea/ ?an ,engl&1 ^: t]ritory is only fifty ?\s& squ>e miles8 ,9 ! latt] c\ntry1 k has be5 a sub/itute = a g5ial climate & an exub]ant soil2 :ile 9 ! =m]1 x is h>dly a figurative expression to say t all ! mat]nal k9dness ( nature1 p[]ful & b5ignant z %e is1 has be5 repuls$ by ! ignorance ( h] *ildr54 ,d\btless indu/ry z well z k is indisp5sable to productiv5ess2 b k mu/ prec$e indu/ry1 or ! latt] w "w to s little effect z to become disc\rag$1 & to relapse into ! slo?fulness ( savage life4 ,?is is illu/rat$ by ! condition ( ! inhabitants ( ,l[] ,cali=nia1 z describ$ by an intellig5t fri5d ( ! au?or1 :o left ?is c\ntry a ye> ago4 ,he says ?is is a mo/ beautiful c\ntry1 ) ! f9e/ climate 9 ! _w4 ,b its inhabitants1 :o are pr9cipally ,spani>ds & ,indians1 are 9 a /ate ( semi-b>b>ism1 & consequ5tly its res\rces are1 to a c]ta9 ext5t1 undevelop$4 ,! l&1 :i* is g5]ally level & ( ! ri*e/ quality1 is divid$ into ran*os or plantations1 ! l>ge/ ( :i* are tw5ty miles squ>e1 & fe$ tw5ty or ?irty ?\s& head ( wild cattle1 ) horses & mules 9 proportion4 ,b ^! are all4 ,! arts are 9 ! l[e/ /ate imag9able4 ,_! h\ses are m]e p5s1 )\t p5 floors2 _! pl[s are po9t$ logs2 _! yokes are /raight /icks1 :i* !y tie to ! horns ( _! ox52 & e implem5t ( indu/ry %[s an equal want ( +5uity & ent]prise4 ,!y are too indol5t to raise mu* gra91 ?\gh ! soil w yield1 ,i am told1 eighty bu%els ( :eat to an acre2 consequ5tly1 :eat is sold to ! immigrants at ?ree doll>s p] bu%el1 :ile ! f9e/ beef cattle 9 ! _w br+ f eight to t5 doll>s p] head4 ,butt]1 *eese1 & ev5 milk1 y c n obta9 at all1 = !y are too lazy to tame _! c[s4 ,a few ,am]icans1 :o own l>ge ran*os1 h ,am]ican pl[s1 & are do+ bett] ?an ! re/4 ,_m ran*os h be5 ab&on$1 & _! own]s h gone to ! m9es4 ,?is /ate ( ?+s ! en]getic ,anglo-,saxon w soon *ange4 ,! immigration = ! next few ye>s w be imm5se1 & ! :ole community w yield to ,am]ican cu/oms4 ,! l>ge ran*os w be cut up into f>ms1 & _! products w supply ! wants ( a d5se population4 ,prop]ty w rapidly *ange h&s1 & x w be easy = ! %rewd ,yankee to reap ! b5efit ( ! *ange4 ,b1 )\t fur!r exposition1 x may be rem>k$ g5]ally1 t ! spread ( intellig5ce1 ?r\gh ! in/rum5tality ( good books1 & ! cultivation 9 our *ildr5 ( ! faculties ( obs]v+1 comp>+1 & reason+1 ?r\gh ! m$ium ( good s*ools1 w\ld add millions to ! agricultural products ( ne>ly e /ate ( ! ,union1 )\t impos+ ^u ! husb&man an additional h\r ( labor4 ,,education ,,& ,,! ,,useful ,,arts4--,= ! successful prosecution among u ( ! manufactur+ & me*anic arts1 if n = _! v exi/5ce1 !re mu/ be n only ! exactness ( sci5ce1 b also exactness or skill 9 ! application ( sci5tific pr9ciples ?r\gh\t ! :ole processes1 ei!r ( con/ruct+ ma*9]y1 or ( trans=m+ raw mat]ials into f9i%$ fabrics4 ,?is ability to make exact & skillful applications ( sci5ce to an unlimit$ v>iety ( mat]ials1 & especially to ! subtile b mo/ en]getic ag5cies ( nature1 is "o ( ! late/ atta9m5ts ( ! human m9d4 ,x is rem>kable t a/ronomy1 sculpture1 pa9t+1 poetry1 oratory1 & ev5 e?ical philosophy1 _h made great progress ?\s&s ( ye>s be=e ! era ( ! manufactur+ & me*anic arts4 ,?is era1 inde$1 has b j comm5c$2 & already ! abundance1 &1 :at is ( f> great] importance1 ! univ]sality ( ! p]sonal1 dome/ic1 & social com=ts x has creat$1 con/itute "o ( ! mo/ important epo*s 9 ! hi/ory ( civilization4 ,! cultivation ( ^! arts is conf]r+ a ?\s& daily accommodations & pleasures ^u ! labor] 9 8 cottage1 :i*1 only two or ?ree c5turies ago1 7 luxuries 9 ! palace ( ! mon>*4 ,?r\gh circum/ances incid5t to ! introduction ( all economical improvem5ts1 !re has hi!rto be5 great inequality 9 ! di/ribution ( _! advantages2 b _! g5]al t5d5cy is greatly to ameliorate ! condition ( ! mass ( mank9d4 ,x has be5 e/imat$ t ! products ( ma*9]y 9 ,great ,brita91 ) a population ( eighte5 millions1 is equal to ! labor ( hundr$s ( millions ( human h&s4 ,?is va/ ga9 is effect$ )\t ! conque/ or p>tition+ ( ! t]ritory ( any neighbor+ nation1 & )\t rap9e or ! confiscation ( prop]ty already accumulat$ by o!rs4 ,x is an absolute creation ( weal?--t is1 ( ^? articles1 commodities1 & improvem5ts :i* we appraise & set d[n z ( a c]ta9 money$ value alike 9 ! inv5tory ( a deceas$ man's e/ate & 9 ! gr& valuation ( a nation's capital4 ,^! contributions to human welf>e h be5 d]iv$ f k2 f kn[+ h[ to employ ^? natural ag5cies :i* f ! beg9n+ ( ! race _h exi/$1 b _h la9 dormant or run uselessly away4 ,= me*anical purposes1 :at is w9d1 or wat]1 or ! =ce ( /eam wor?1 until ! +5uity ( man comes 91 & places ! w9d-:eel1 ! wat]-:eel1 or ! pi/on betwe5 ^! mighty ag5ts & ! "w he wi%es !m to p]=m8 ,b aft] ! int]v5tion ( ma*9]y1 h[ p[]ful !y become = all purposes ( utility6 ,9 a ^w1 ^! great improvem5ts1 :i* di/+ui% our age f all prec$+ ages1 h be5 obta9$ f ,nature by address+ h] 9 ! language ( ,sci5ce & ,art1 ! only language %e und]/&s1 yet "o ( su* all-p]vad+ efficacy t %e nev] refuses to comply to ! lett] ) all petitions = weal? or physical p[]1 if !y are pref]r$ to h] 9 t dialect4 ,n[ x is easy to %[1 f reason+1 f hi/ory1 & f exp]i5ce1 t an e>ly awak5+ ( ! m9d is a pr]equisite to success 9 ! useful arts4 ,b x mu/ be an awak5+ to ?\ght1 n to feel+ m]ely4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 a cle>ness ( p]ception mu/ be acquir$1 or ! p[] ( tak+ a correct m5tal transcript1 copy1 or image ( :atev] is se5 ,?is1 h[ev]1 ?\gh indisp5sable1 is by no means suffici5t4 ,! tal5t ( improv+ ^u ! labors ( o!rs requires n only ! capability ( receiv+ an exact m5tal copy or impr9t ( all ! objects ( s5se or reason+2 x also requires ! p[] ( reviv+ or reproduc+ at w all ! impressions or ideas be=e obta9$1 & ! p[] ( *ang+ _! collocations1 ( re-arrang+ !m into new =ms1 & ( add+ some?+ to or remov+ some?+ f ! orig9al p]ceptions1 9 ord] to make a m p]fect plan or model4 ,if a %ip-wright1 = in/ance1 w\ld improve ^u all exi/+ specim5s ( naval ar*itecture1 he w\ld fir/ exam9e z great a numb] ( %ips z possible2 ?is done1 he w\ld revive ! image :i* ea* _h impr9t$ ^u 8 m9d1 &1 ) all ! fleets :i* he _h inspect$ pres5t to 8 imag9ation1 he w\ld comp>e ea* individual vessel ) all o!rs1 make a selection ( "o "p f "o1 & ( ano!r "p f ano!r1 apply 8 own k ( ! laws ( mov+ & ( resi/+ =ces to all1 & ?us create1 9 8 own m9d1 ! complex idea or model ( a %ip m p]fect ?an any ( ^? he _h se54 ,n[ e recitation 9 a s*ool1 if rightly conduct$1 is a /ep t[>d ! atta9m5t ( ?is wond]ful p[]4 ,) a c\rse ( /udies judici\sly arrang$ & dilig5tly pursu$ ?r\gh ! ye>s ( m9ority1 all ! great ph5om5a ( ext]nal nature1 & ! mo/ important productions 9 all ! useful arts1 toge!r ) ! pr9ciples on :i* !y are evolv$ or fa%ion$1 w\ld be successively br\ght be=e ! und]/&+ ( ! pupil4 ,he w\ld ?us become famili> ) ! sub/ances ( ! mat]ial _w1 & ) _! manifold prop]ties & uses2 & he w\ld le>n ! laws1 comp>atively few1 by :i* results inf9itely div]sifi$ are produc$4 ,:5 su* a /ud5t goes out into life1 he c>ries1 z x 71 a plan or model ( ! _w 9 8 own m9d4 ,he c n1 !re=e1 pass1 ei!r bl9dly or ) ! /upid gaze ( ! brute creation1 by ! great objects & processes ( nature2 b he has an intellig5t disc]nm5t ( _! sev]al exi/5ces & relations1 & _! adaptation to ! uses ( mank9d4 ,nei!r c he fa/5 8 eye ^u any workman%ip or contrivance ( man )\t ask+ two que/ions3 fir/1 ,h[ is x8 &1 secondly1 ,h[ c x be improv$8 ,h5ce x is t all ! processes ( nature & ! contrivances ( art are s _m lessons or communications to an in/ruct$ man2 b an un9/ruct$ "o walks 9 ! mid/ ( !m l a bl9d man among colors1 or a deaf man among s\nds4 ,! ,romans c>ri$ _! aqu$ucts f hill-top to hill-top1 on l(ty ar*es erect$ at imm5se exp5diture ( "t & money4 ,"o idea--t is1 a k ( ! law ( ! equilibrium ( fluids2 a k ( ! fact t wat] 9 a tube w rise to ! level ( ! f\nta9--w\ld h enabl$ a s+le individual to d ) ease :at1 )\t t k1 x requir$ ! weal? ( an empire to accompli%4 ,x is 9 ways simil> to ?is--t is1 by accompli%+ great] results ) less means2 by creat+ products at once *eap]1 bett]1 & by m exp$iti\s me?ods2 & by do+ a va/ v>iety ( ?+s o!rwise impossible--t ! cultivation ( m9d may be truly said to yield ! highe/ pecuni>y requital4 ,intellig5ce is ! great money-mak]1 n by extortion1 b by ,,production4 ,!re are t5 ?\s& ?+s 9 e dep>tm5t ( life :i*1 if done 9 season1 c be done 9 a m9ute1 b :i*1 if n seasonably done1 w require h\rs1 p]haps days or weeks = _! p]=mance4 ,an awak5$ m9d w see & seize ! critical juncture2 ! p]ceptions ( ! sluggi% "o w come too late1 if !y come at all4 ,a g5]al culture ( ! faculties1 also1 gives v]satility ( tal5t1 s t1 if ! cu/om>y bus9ess ( ! labor] is sup]s$$ by improvem5ts1 he c readily betake himself to ano!r k9d ( employm5t4 ,b an uncultivat$ m9d is l an automaton1 :i* c d only ! ?+ = :i* its :eels or spr+s 7 made4 ,brute =ce exp5ds itself unproductively4 ,x is ignorant ( ! mann] 9 :i* ,nature works1 & h5ce x c n avail itself ( h] mighty ag5cies4 ,(t51 inde$1 x attempts to oppose ,nature4 ,x ?r[s itself across ! track :]e h] resi/less c> is mov+4 ,b k enables its possessor to employ h] ag5cies 9 8 own s]vice1 & he !reby obta9s an am\nt ( p[]1 )\t fee or rew>d1 :i* ?\s&s ( slaves c\ld n give4 ,e man :o consumes a s+le article 9 ^: production or transportation ! p[] ( /eam is us$1 has x deliv]$ to him *eap] ?an he c\ld o!rwise h obta9$ x4 ,e man :o c avail himself ( ?is p[] 9 travel+1 c p]=m ! bus9ess ( ?ree days 9 "o1 & s f> add two hundr$ p] c5t4 to ! l5g? ( 8 life z a bus9ess man4 ,:at innum]able millions has ! inv5tion ( ! cotton-g91 by ,:itney1 add$1 & w cont9ue to add1 to ! weal? ( ! _w6 a "p ( :i* is already realiz$1 b va/ly ! great] "p ( :i* is yet to be receiv$1 z ea* successive day draws = an in/allm5t :i* w\ld exhau/ ! treasury ( a nation4 ,! in/ruct$ & tal5t$ man ent]s ! ri* doma9s ( ,nature n z an intrud]1 b1 z x 71 a ,,proprietor1 & makes h] ri*es 8 own4 ,:y is x t1 s f> z ! ,unit$ ,/ates are conc]n$1 f\r fif?s ( all ! improvem5ts1 inv5tions1 & discov]ies 9 reg>d to ma*9]y1 to agricultural implem5ts1 to sup]ior models 9 %ip-build+1 & to ! manufacture ( ^? ref9$ in/rum5ts on :i* accuracy 9 sci5tific obs]vations dep5ds1 h orig9at$ 9 ,new ,engl&8 ,i believe no adequate reason c be assign$ b ! e>ly awak5+ & tra9+ ( ! p[] ( ?\ght 9 h] *ildr54 ,improvem5ts1 inv5tions1 & discov]ies h be5 made 9 o!r /ates ( ! ,union to an ext5t comm5surate ) ! progress !y h made 9 p]fect+ _! sy/ems ( public in/ruction1 & ^! improvem5ts w ev] keep pace ) ! att5tions :i* a p be/[ ^u _! common s*ools4 ,mr4 ,mann rem>ks t1 9 conv]s+ ) a g5tleman :o _h possess$ mo/ ext5sive opportunities = acqua9tance ) m5 ( diff]5t c\ntries & ( all degrees ( intellectual developm5t1 he obs]v$ t he c\ld employ a common immigrant or a slave1 &1 if he *ose1 c\ld direct him to %ovel a heap ( s& f "o spot to ano!r1 & !n back into its =m] place1 & s to & fro ?r\gh ! day2 b1 add$ he1 nei!r love nor money w\ld prevail on a ,new ,engl&] to prosecute a piece ( "w ( :i* he did n see ! utility4 ,!re is sc>cely any k9d ( labor1 h[ev] simple1 p]ta9+ to ! f>m1 to ! "w-%op1 or to dome/ic employm5ts1 & :e!r p]=m$ by male or female1 :i* c be s well done )\t k 9 ! workman or dome/ic z ) x4 ,x is impossible = an ov]se] or employ] at all times to supply m9d to ! labor]4 ,9 giv+ directions = ! %orte/ s]ies or tra9 ( op]ations1 some?+ w be omitt$ or misund]/ood2 & )\t intellig5ce 9 ! workman1 ! omission or mi/ake w be repeat$ 9 ! execution4 ,x is a fact ( univ]sal notoriety1 t ! manufactur+ population ( ,engl&1 z a class1 "w = half1 or less ?an half ! wages ( our own4 ,! co/ ( ma*9]y !re1 also1 is ab\t half z mu* z ! co/ ( ! same articles ) u2 :ile our capital1 :5 loan$1 produces ne>ly d\ble ! rate ( ,engli% int]e/2 yet aga9/ ^! gr& adv]se circum/ances our manufactur]s1 ) a small p] c5tage ( t>iff1 successfully compete ) ,engli% capitali/s 9 _m bran*es ( manufactur+ bus9ess4 ,no explanation c be giv5 ( ?is extraord9>y fact :i* does n take into ! acc\nt ! diff]5ce ( education betwe5 ! op]atives 9 ! two c\ntries4 ,"o ( our mo/ c>eful & successful manufactur]s rem>ks t1 on sub/itut+ 9 "o ( 8 cotton-mills a bett] = a poor] educat$ class ( op]atives1 he 0 enabl$ to add twelve or fifte5 p] c5t4 to ! spe$ ( 8 ma*9]y1 )\t any increase ( damage or dang] f ! accel]ation4 ,h[ direct & demon/rative ! be>+ :i* facts l ?is h ^u ! wisdom ( our laws respect+ ! education ( *ildr5 9 manufactur+ e/abli%m5ts4#da #da ,9 ,connecticut ! /atutes provide t no *ild "u ! age ( fifte5 ye>s %all be employ$ to labor 9 any manufactur+ e/abli%m5t1 or 9 any o!r bus9ess 9 ! /ate1 unless su* *ild %all h att5d$ "s public or private day s*ool :]e in/ruction is giv5 by a tea*] qualifi$ to in/ruct 9 or?ography1 read+1 writ+1 ,engli% gramm>1 geography1 & ari?metic1 at lea/ ?ree mon?s ( ! twelve mon?s next prec$+ any & e ye> 9 :i* su* *ild %all be s employ$4 ,& ! own]1 ag5t1 or sup]9t5d5t ( any manufactur+ e/abli%m5t :o %all employ any *ild 9 su* e/abli%m5t contr>y to ! provisions ( ?is act1 %all =feit & pay = ea* (f5se a p5alty ( tw5ty-five doll>s to ! treasur] ( ! /ate4 ,9 ,massa*usetts ! =feiture is fifty doll>s4 ,simil> provisions exi/ 9 o!r ,am]ican1 & 9 sev]al ,european /ates4 ,! numb] ( females 9 ! ,/ate ( ,massa*usetts engag$ 9 ! v>i\s manufactures ( cotton1 /raw-platt+1 etc41 has be5 e/imat$ at =ty ?\s&1 & ! annual value ( _! labor at "o hundr$ doll>s ea* on an av]age1 or f\r millions ( doll>s = ! :ole4 ,f ! facts /at$ 9 ! lett]s ( ,messrs4 ,mills & ,cl>k above cit$1 x appe>s !re is a diff]5ce ( n less ?an fifty p] c5t4 betwe5 ! e>n+s ( ! lea/ educat$ & ( ! be/ educat$ op]atives--betwe5 ^? :o make _! m>ks in/ead ( writ+ _! names1 & ^? :o h be5 acceptably employ$ 9 s*ool-keep+4 ,n[ suppose ! :ole =ty ?\s& females engag$ 9 ! v>i\s k9ds ( manufactures 9 t commonweal? to be degrad$ to ! level ( ! l[e/ class1 x w\ld foll[ t _! aggregate e>n+s w\ld fall at once to two millions ( doll>s4 ,b1 on ! o!r h&1 suppose !m all to be elevat$ by m5tal cultivation to ! rank ( ! highe/1 & _! e>n+s w\ld rise to ! sum ( six millions ( doll>s annually4 ,!re c be no d\bt b t education1 or ! want ( x1 affects ! pecuni>y value ( female labor 9 ! ord9>y dome/ic employm5ts ( ! sex n less ?an 9 manufactures4 ,if1 !n1 ! females ( ! ?irty /ates ( ! ,union be e/imat$ at eight millions--& ! numb] su/a9+ ! relations ( daught]s1 wives1 & mo!rs mu/ exce$ ! supposition--! effect ( giv+ !m all an education equal to ! be/ w\ld at once raise _! e>n+s1 annually1 two hundr$ millions ( doll>s6 ,b ?is is ! l[e/ s5se 9 :i* we c e/imate ! value ( education1 ev5 9 ! /]n] sex4 ,?is sum1 va/ z x may seem1 is z dross to gold :5 comp>$ ) ! ref9+ & elevat+ influ5ce :i* eight millions ( educat$ females w\ld ex]t ^u ! dome/ic & social in/itutions ( our c\ntry1 9 uplift+ our national "* & improv+ ! condition ( ! race4 ,n m ?an ?irty ye>s ago x 0 uncommon = a glazi]'s appr5tice1 ev5 aft] hav+ s]v$ an appr5tice%ip ( sev5 ye>s1 to be able to cut glass ) a diamond )\t sp5d+ mu* "t & de/roy+ mu* ( ! glass ^u :i* he work$4 ,b ! inv5tion ( a simple tool has put x into ! p[] ( ! m]e/ tyro 9 ! trade to cut glass ) facility1 & )\t loss4 ,a man :o _h a m9d1 z well z f+]s1 obs]v$ t !re 0 "o direction 9 :i* ! diamond 0 almo/ incapable ( abrasion or we>+ by use4 ,! tool n only /eadies ! diamond1 b fa/5s x 9 t direction4 ,! op]ation ( tann+ lea!r consi/s 9 expos+ a hide to ! action ( a *emical +r$i5t1 call$ tann91 = a l5g? ( "t suffici5t to all[ e p>ticle ( ! hide to become saturat$ ) ! solution4 ,9 mak+ ! be/ lea!r1 ! hides us$ to lay 9 ! pit = six1 twelve1 or eighte5 mon?s1 & sometimes = two ye>s1 ! tann] be+ oblig$ to wait all ?is "t = a return ( 8 capital4 ,by ! mod]n process1 ! hides are plac$ 9 a close pit1 ) a solution ( ! tann9 matt]1 & ! air be+ exhau/$1 ! liquid p5etrates ?r\gh e pore & fib] ( ! sk91 & ! :ole process is complet$ 9 a few days4 ,! blea*+ ( clo?1 :i* us$ to be effect$ 9 ! op5 air1 & 9 expos$ situations :]e temptation to !ft 0 (f]$1 & 9 ,engl& hundr$s & probably ?\s&s ( m5 h yield$ & =feit$ _! lives1 is n[ p]=m$ 9 an unexpos$ situation1 & 9 a mann] s exp$iti\s1 t clo? is blea*$ z mu* m rapidly ?an x =m]ly 0 z hides are tann$4 ,x is /at$ by ,"l ,br\gham1 9 8 beautiful ,disc\rse on ! ,advantages ( ,sci5ce1 t ! inv5tor ( ! new mode ( ref9+ sug> made m money 9 a %ort] "t1 & ) less risk & tr\ble1 ?an p]haps 0 ev] realiz$ f any previ\s inv5tion4 ,intellig5ce also prev5ts loss z well z makes pr(its4 ,h[ mu* "t & money h be5 squ&]$ 9 repeat$ attempts to inv5t ma*9]y1 aft] a pr9ciple _h be5 once te/$ & _h fail$ ?r\gh "s defect inh]5t & natural1 & !re=e insup]able6 ,)9 ?irty ye>s n less ?an five pat5ts h be5 tak5 out1 9 ,engl& & ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 = a c]ta9 con/ruction ( paddle-:eels = a /eamboat1 :i* con/ruction 0 te/$ & condemn$ z e>ly z #ahaj4db ,a case once came )9 my own k1 says ,mr4 ,mann1 ( a p]son :o sp5t a =tune 9 m9+ = coal1 :5 a "w on geology1 :i* w\ld h co/ b a doll>1 & might h be5 read 9 a week1 w\ld h in=m$ him t ! /ratum :]e he began to excavate belong$ to a =mation l[] d[n 9 ! natural s]ies ?an coal ev] is1 or1 accord+ to ! con/itution ( ?+s1 ev] c be f\nd4 ,he !re=e work$ into a /ratum :i* mu/ h be5 =m$ be=e a p>ticle ( coal1 or ev5 a tree1 or a vegetable exi/$ on ! planet4 ,num]\s simil> & equally /rik+ illu/rations might be cit$1 b ?is is n necess>y4 #db ,?is /atem5t 0 made eight ye>s ago4 ,m su* pat5ts may h be5 tak5 out )9 ?is "t4 ,^! are a few specim5s1 on famili> subjects1 tak5 almo/ at r&om1 = ! purpose ( %[+ ! inh]5t sup]iority ( any association or community1 :e!r small or great1 :]e m9d is a memb] ( ! p>tn]%ip4 ,:at is true ( ! above-m5tion$ cases is true ( ! :ole circle ( ^? arts by :i* human life is su/a9$ & human exi/5ce com=t$1 elevat$1 & embelli%$4 ,m9d has be5 ! improv]1 = matt] c n improve itself1 & improvem5t has advanc$ 9 proportion to ! numb] & culture ( ! m9ds excit$ to activity & appli$ to ! "w4 ,simil> advancem5ts h be5 effect$ ?r\gh\t ! :ole compass ( human labor & rese>*2 9 ! arts ( ,transportation & ,locomotion1 f ! employm5t ( ! %eep & ! goat z bea/s ( burd51 to ! /eam-eng9e & ! rail-road c>2 9 ! art ( ,navigation1 f ! canoe cl++ timidly to ! %ore1 to /eam-%ips :i* boldly trav]se ! ocean2 9 ,hydraulics1 f c>ry+ wat] by h& 9 a vessel or 9 horizontal aqu$ucts1 to ^? va/ conduits :i* supply ! dem&s ( a city1 & to /eam fire-eng9es :i* ?r[ a column ( wat] to ! top ( ! l(tie/ build+s2 9 ! arts ( ,sp9n+ & ,rope-mak+1 f ! h& di/aff to ! sp9n+-frame1 & to ! ma*9e :i* makes cordage or cables ( any l5g?1 9 a space t5 feet squ>e2 9 ,horology or ,"t-keep+1 f ! sun-dial & ! wat]-clock to ! wat*1 & to ! *ronomet]1 by :i* ! m>9] is assi/$ 9 measur+ 8 longitude1 & 9 sav+ prop]ty & life2 9 ! extraction1 =g+1 & temp]+ ( ,iron & o!r ores hav+ malleability to be wr\ght into all =ms & us$ = all purposes1 & supply+1 in/ead ( ! /one hat*et or ! fi%-%ell ( ! savage1 an almo/ inf9ite v>iety ( in/rum5ts1 :i* h %>pness = cutt+ or solidity = /rik+2 9 ! art ( ,vitrification or ,glass-mak+1 giv+ n only a multitude ( commodi\s & ornam5tal ut5sils = ! h\sehold1 b sub/itut+ ! w9d[ = ! unsightly orifice or op5 casem5t1 & w9n[+ light & w>m? f ! outw>d & ! cold atmosph]e2 9 ! arts ( ,induration by ,heat1 f bricks dri$ 9 ! sun to ^? :i* )/& ! corrosion ( our climate = c5turies or resi/ ! int5sity ( ! furnace2 9 ! arts ( ,illum9ation1 f ! tor* cut f ! fir or p9e tree to ! brilliant gas-light :i* gives almo/ a sol> spl5dor to ! nocturnal d>kness ( our cities2 9 ! arts ( ,heat+ & ,v5tilation1 :i* at once supply w>m? = com=t & pure air = heal?2 9 ! art ( ,build+1 f ! holl[$ trunk ( a tree or ! ro(-%ap$ cab91 to ^? commodi\s & lightsome dwell+s :i* betok5 ! ta/e & compet5ce ( our villages & cities2 9 ! art ( ,copy+ or ,pr9t+1 f ! toilsome process ( h&-copy+1 :]e ! transcription ( a s+le book 0 ! labor ( mon?s or ye>s1 & sometimes almo/ ( a life1 to ! p[] pr9t+-press1 :i* ?r[s (f sixty pr9t$ %eets 9 a m9ute2 9 ! art ( ,pap]-mak+1 f ! prep>ation ( ! inn] b>k ( a tree1 cleft (f & dri$ at imm5se labor1 to ma*9]y f :i* !re jets out an unbrok5 /ream ( pap] ) ! velocity & cont9u\sness ( a curr5t ( wat]2 9 ! art ( ,pa9t+1 f ! use ( ! crayon1 & artificial colors imp]fectly bl5d$1 requir+ :ole days to pres5t an incomplete picture1 to ! production1 z by en*antm5t1 ( p]fect lik5esses 9 nature's own p5cil+1 execut$ 9 a few seconds2 9 ! art ( ,telegraph+1 f communicat+ in=mation by signs :i* may be se5 f "o /ation to ano!r1 to convey+ intellig5ce to any giv5 di/ance ) ! velocity ( lightn+2 &1 9 addition to all ^!1 9 ! arts ( ,m\ld+ & ,ca/+1 ( ,design+ & ,engrav+1 ( ,pres]v+ mat]ials & ( ,*ang+ _! color1 ( ,divid+ & ,unit+ !m1 etc41 etc41 an ample catalogue1 ^: v names & processes w\ld fill volumes4 ,n[1 = ! p]fect+ ( all ^! op]ations1 f ! t$i\s & bungl+ process to ! rapid & elegant2 = ! *ange ( an almo/ inf9ite v>iety ( crude & wor?less mat]ials into useful & beautiful fabrics1 m9d has be5 ! ag5t4 ,succe$+ g5]ations h out/ripp$ _! pr$ecessors j 9 proportion to ! sup]iority ( _! m5tal cultivation4 ,:5 we comp>e diff]5t p or diff]5t g5]ations ) ea* o!r1 ! div]sity is s great t all mu/ behold x4 ,b !re is ! same k9d ( diff]5ce betwe5 contempor>ies1 fell[-t[nsm51 & fell[-labor]s4 ,?\gh ! un9/ruct$ man works side by side ) ! intellig5t1 yet ! m5tal diff]5ce betwe5 !m places !m 9 ! same relation to ea* o!r t a pa/ age be>s to ! pres5t4 ,if ! ignorant man kn[s no m respect+ any p>ticul> art or bran* ( bus9ess ?an 0 g5]ally kn[n dur+ ! la/ c5tury1 he belongs to ! la/ c5tury1 & he mu/ cons5t to be out/ripp$ by ^? :o h ! light & k ( ! pres5t4 ,?\gh !y are engag$ 9 ! same k9d ( "w1 ?\gh !y are suppli$ ) ! same tools or implem5ts = c>ry+ x on1 yet1 s long z "o has only an arm1 b ! o!r has an arm & a ,,m9d1 _! products w come out /amp$ & label$ all ov] ) m>ks ( contra/2 inf]iority & sup]iority1 bo? z to quantity & quality1 w be legibly writt5 on _! respective labors4 ,x is relat$ by travel]s among savage tribes t :51 by ! aid ( an +5i\sly devis$ in/rum5t or app>atus1 !y h p]=m$ "s skillful manual op]ation1 ! savages h purlo9$ f !m ! in/rum5t !y _h us$1 suppos+ !re 0 "s magic 9 ! app>atus itself1 by :i* ! seem+ miracle _h be5 p]=m$2 b1 z !y c\ld n /eal ! art ( ! op]ator ) ! in/rum5t :i* he employ$1 ! !ft 0 fruitless4 ,any p]son :o expects to effect ) less education :at ano!r is enabl$ to d ) m1 ought n to smile at ! delusion ( ! savage or ! simplicity ( 8 reason+4 ,on a cursory inspection ( ! great works ( art--! /eam-eng9e1 ! pr9t+-press1 ! p[]-loom1 ! mill1 ! iron f\nd]y1 ! %ip1 ! telescope1 etc41 etc4--we are apt to look ^u !m z hav+ sprung into sudd5 exi/5ce1 & rea*$ _! pres5t /ate ( p]fection by "o1 or1 at mo/1 by a few mighty ef=ts ( creative g5ius4 ,we d n reflect t !y h requir$ ! lapse ( c5turies & ! successive application ( ?\s&s ( m9ds = ! atta9m5t ( _! pres5t excell5ce2 t !y h advanc$ f a less to a m p]fect =m by /eps & gradations almo/ z imp]ceptible z ! gr[? by :i* an infant exp&s to ! /ature ( a man2 & t1 z lat] discov]]s & inv5tors _h fir/ to g ov] ! gr\nd ( _! pr$ecessors1 s mu/ future discov]]s & inv5tors fir/ ma/] ! atta9m5ts ( ! pres5t age be=e !y w be prep>$ to make ^? new a*ievem5ts :i* are to c>ry /ill fur!r onw>d ! /up5d\s "w ( improvem5t4 ,,education ,,dim9i%es ,,paup]ism ,,& ,,crime4 ,education is to be reg>d$ z "o ( ! mo/ important means ( eradicat+ ! g]ms ( paup]ism f ! ris+ g5]ation1 & ( secur+ 9 ! m9ds & 9 ! morals ( ! p ! be/ protection = ! in/itutions ( society4--,,dr4 ,,james ,,phillips ,,kay1 ,assi/ant ,poor-,law ,commission]1 & ,secret>y to ! ,committee ( ,c\ncil on ,education4#dc ,! diff]5t c\ntries ( ! _w1 if arrang$ accord+ to ! /ate ( education 9 !m1 w be f\nd to be arrang$ also accord+ to ,,weal?1 ,,morals1 & ,,g5]al ,,happ9ess2 at ! same "t1 ,,! ,,condition ,,( ,,! ,,p1 ,,& ,,! ,,ext5t ,,( ,,crime ,,& ,,viol5ce ,,among ,,!m1 ,,foll[ ,a ,,l ,,ord]4--,,national ,,education1 by ,fr$4 ,hill1 ,london4 ,t education increases ! productiv5ess ( labor has be5 already conclusively e/abli%$4 ,x has also be5 incid5tally %[n t m]e k1 valuable z x is to ! labor]1 is n ! only advantage d]iv$ f a good common s*ool education1 b t ! bett] educat$1 z a class1 possess a high] & bett] /ate ( morals1 & are m ord]ly & respectful 9 _! deportm5t ?an ! un9/ruct$2 & t = ^? :o possess ! greate/ %>e 9 ! /ock ( worldly goods1 ! mo/ effectual way ( mak+ insurance on _! prop]ty w\ld be1 to contribute f x en\gh to su/a9 an effici5t sy/em ( common s*ool education1 !reby educat+ ! :ole mass ( m9d1 & con/itut+ x a police m effective ?an peace (fic]s or prisons4 ,if1 !n1 pov]ty is at once a cause & an effect ( crime1 z is /at$ by a late writ]1#dd :o has made an ext5d$ survey ( ! relative /ate ( in/ruction & social welf>e 9 ! lead+ nations ( ! _w1 x is directly inf]able t education w1 &1 f ! nature ( ! case1 mu/ act 9 a comp\nd ratio 9 dim9i%+ bo? paup]ism & crime4 #dc ,quot$ f ! ,report to ! ,secret>y ( ,/ate = ! ,home ,dep>tm5t1 on ! ,tra9+ ( ,paup] ,*ildr51 ,london1 #ahda4 #dd ,fr$4 ,hill1 au?or ( ,national ,education1 ^: te/imony is quot$ at ! head ( ?is article4 ,?is proposition is n receiv$ by a few individuals m]ely 9 comp>atively unimportant communities3 x is "o :i* is g5]ally adopt$ by enlight5$ practical educators & by lib]al-m9d$ capitali/s ( bo? hemisph]es4 ,! views ( sev]al ( our pr9cipal ,am]ican manufactur]s h be5 already pres5t$4 ,let u n[ direct our att5tion to ! te/imony ( enlight5$ & lib]al-m9d$ capitali/s resid+ 9 "s ( ! transatlantic /ates4 ,william ,fairbra91 ,esq41 ! sole proprietor ( a manufactory 9 ,man*e/]1 & "p own] ( ano!r e/abli%m5t 9 ,london1 & :o has betwe5 elev5 & twelve hundr$ p]sons 9 8 employ1 rem>ks 9 relation to ! habits ( ! educat$ & un$ucat$ z foll[s3 ,!re is no d\bt t ! educat$ are m sob] & less dissipat$ ?an ! un$ucat$4 ,dur+ ! h\rs ( recreation1 ! y\ng] portion ( ! educat$ workm5 indulge m 9 read+ & m5tal pleasures2 !y att5d m at read+-rooms1 & avail !mselves ( ! facilities af=d$ by libr>ies1 by sci5tific lectures1 & by lyceums4 ,! old] ( ! m educat$ workm5 sp5d _! "t *iefly ) _! families1 read+ & walk+ out ) !m4 ,! "t ( ! un$ucat$ classes is sp5t v diff]5tly1 & *iefly 9 ! gross] s5sual indulg5ces4 ,mr4 ,fairbra9 has giv5 8 own "t z presid5t ( a lyceum = ! use ( ! work+ classes1 :i* furni%es ! means ( in/ruction 9 ari?metic1 ma!matics1 draw+1 & m5suration1 & by lectures4 ,9 ^! in/itutions lib]al provision is v prop]ly made1 n only = ! occupation ( ! leisure h\rs ( ! labor]s !mselves1 & = _! intellectual & social improvem5t1 b = t ( _! wives & families1 9 ord] to make ! home com=table1 & to m9i/] to ! h\sehold recreation & amusem5t3 ?is is a po9t ( view 9 :i* ! education ( ! wives ( labor+ m5 is really ( v great importance1 t !y may be rational companions = m54#de #de ,see evid5ce tak5 by ,edw9 ,*adwick1 ,esq41 ,secret>y to ! ,poor-,law ,commission]s1 a quotation f ^: report heads ?is article4 ,alb]t ,g4 ,es*]1 ,esq41 "o ( ! firm ( ,es*]1 ,wyss1 & ,co41 ( ,zuri*1 ,switz]l&1 rem>ks z foll[s3 ,we employ f six to eight hundr$ m5 9 our ma*9e-mak+ e/abli%m5t at ,zuri*3 we also employ ab\t two hundr$ m5 9 our cotton-mills !re1 & ab\t five hundr$ m5 9 our cotton manufactories 9 ! ,tyrol & 9 ,italy4 ,i h occasionally _h ! control ( f five to six hundr$ m5 engag$ 9 eng9e]+ op]ations z build]s1 masons1 etc41 & m5 ( ! class call$ navigators 9 ,engl&4 ,aft] giv+ a li/ ( ! diff]5t c\ntries f :i* 8 labor]s are drawn1 classify+ ! workm5 ( v>i\s nations 9 respect to su* natural intellig5ce z may be di/+ui%$ f any intellig5ce imp>t$ by ! labors ( ! s*oolma/]1 & rem>k+ 9 relation to ! influ5ce ( education ^u ! value ( labor--:]e 8 te/imony corroborates t ( manufactur]s 9 ,new ,engl&1 already quot$--! same g5tleman makes a /atem5t :i* is applicable to ! subject "u consid]ation4 ,! bett] educat$ workm51 we f9d1 are di/+ui%$ by sup]ior moral habits 9 e respect4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 !y are entirely sob]2 !y are discreet 9 _! enjoym5ts1 :i* are ( a m rational & ref9$ k9d2 !y are m ref9$ !mselves1 & !y h a ta/e = mu* bett] society1 :i* !y approa* respectfully1 & consequ5tly f9d mu* readi] admittance to x2 !y cultivate music2 !y read2 !y enjoy ! pleasures ( sc5]y1 & make p>ties = excursions into ! c\ntry2 !y are economical1 & _! economy ext5ds beyond _! own purse to ! /ock ( _! ma/]2 !y are consequ5tly hone/ & tru/wor?y4 ,scotl& af=ds a v /rik+ illu/ration ( ! p[] ( education 9 dim9i%+ paup]ism & crime1 & 9 improv+ ! morals & increas+ ! weal? ( a c\ntry4 ,inde$1 x w\ld be difficult to f9d ano!r in/ance 9 ! hi/ory ( nations ( a c\ntry :i* has made su* rapid progress 9 ! dim9ution ( crime1 ! increase ( public weal?1 & ! diffusion ( com=ts1 z ,scotl&4 ,& ?is gratify+ *ange--?is rem>kable in/ance ( progress 9 ! scale ( be+1 has be5 concurr5t ) increas$ & increas+ att5tion to ! education ( ! p4 ,at ! beg9n+ ( ! la/ c5tury1 ,scotl& sw>m$ ) gipsies & o!r vagabonds1 :o liv$ *iefly by /eal+1 & :o (t5 committ$ viol5t robb]ies & murd]s4 ,( ^! pe/s to society x 0 e/imat$ t !re 7 n less ?an two hundr$ ?\s&4 ,besides ^!1 !re 7 ! m g5tlemanly1 ?\gh less tol]able robb]s1 su* z ! notori\s ,rob ,roy1 :o made no m ado ab\t seiz+ ano!r man's cattle ?an a grazi] does ( driv+ f m>ket a drove ( ox5 = :i* he has paid e %ill+ dem&$4 ,b n[1 ! lay+ aside ( a sum suffici5t = ! education ( 8 *ildr5 is an object :i* a ,scot*man seldom loses sight (1 bo? :5 he ?9ks ( m>ry+ & settl+ 9 life1 & at e future p]iod2 & x is to ?is habit1 h&$ d[n f fa!r to son1 t ! ,scot* owe _! morality4 ,"o ( _! own writ]s says1 we h sc>cely any rural population :o are n p]fectly aw>e ( ! importance ( education1 & n will+ to make sacrifices to secure x to _! *ildr54 ,hav+ se5 some?+ ( ! excell5ce ( education 9 improv+ ! social & moral habits ( a community1 & 9 bani%+ paup]ism & crime f among ^? :o become ! happy subjects ( its uplift+ p[]1 let u1 = ! purpose ( becom+ m alive to its importance1 consid] ! condition ( a p :]e ! masses are n br\ght "u its b5ign influ5ce4 ,spa91 :i* has be5 already ref]r$ to 9 illu/ration ( ! evils ( ignorance1 af=ds a /rik+ illu/ration = our pres5t purpose4 ,until aft] ! lapse ( "o ?ird ( ! pres5t c5tury1 !re 0 b ,,"o newspap] publi%$ 9 ?is c\ntry6 ,yes1 "o mis]able gov]nm5t gazette 0 ! sole *annel ?r\gh :i* twelve or f\rte5 millions ( p1 spread ov] a va/ t]ritory1 7 to be suppli$ ) in=mation on ! mom5t\s affairs ( _! own c\ntry1 & ( ! :ole ext]nal _w4--,national ,education1 vol4 ii41 p4 #acf4 ,! mo/ au!ntic return ( ! numb] ( *ildr5 receiv+ education 9 ,spa9 0 made 9 ! ye> #ahjc1 & x is believ$ t b little *ange has tak5 place s9ce t "t4 ,accord+ to ! returns1 ! numb] ( *ildr5 receiv+ education1 exclusive ( ^? br\ght up 9 conv5ts & mona/]ies1 0 only "o 9 e ?ree hundr$ & =ty-six ( ! population6 ,m4 ,jonnes e/imates ! population at ab\t f\rte5 millions & a half1 & assum+1 z he does1 t ab\t ! same fraction ( ! population is receiv+ education z 9 #ahjc1 he e/imates ! pres5t numb] ( *ildr5 9 s*ool 9 ! :ole ( ,spa9 at n m ?an ab\t =ty-?ree ?\s&2 &1 pursu+ 8 calculations1 he %[s t1 if 8 data be correct1 n m ?an "o *ild 9 ?irty-five ev] goes to s*ool4 ,he fur!r /ates t ! *ildr5 ?us favor$ are exclusively f ! middle & upp] classes4#df--,national ,education1 vol4 ii41 p4 #acj-a4 #df ,! writ] w\ld "h rem>k1 9 ref]5ce to extracts made f v>i\s au?ors1 t1 = ! sake ( abridg+1 he has (t51 z 9 ?is case1 left out p>ts ( a p>agraph1 b nev] s z to modify ! mean+4 ,"s ideas1 n connect$ ) ! subject 9 h&1 are omitt$1 b none are *ang$4 ,h[ f> ! education giv5 to ! favor$ few is ( a practical & useful k9d1 may be conjectur$ f ! foll[+ extract f ,m4 ,jonnes's "w4 ,aft] speak+ ( ! _m libr>ies1 s*ools1 colleges1 & univ]sities1 ! creation ( pa/ times1 b :i* /ill exi/1 he rem>ks1 t ^! in/itutions 7 int5d$ = a /ate ( society :i* _h no?+ 9 common ) t ( ! pres5t day4 ,! k9d ( in/ruction af=d$ 9 !m1 conf9$ z x is to pray]1 *ur* discipl9e1 & ! dogmas ( !ology1 has no connection ) ! int]e/s & wants ( ! exi/+ g5]ation4 ,:at e enlight5$ man 9 ,spa9 has long call$ = is a national1 popul>1 gratuit\s education1 ext5d+ to all classes1 z well 9 ! t[ns z 9 ! rural di/ricts4 ,up to ! pres5t "t1 ! p h receiv$ no o!r in/ruction ?an t (f]$ by ! cl]gy1 :i* has _h sc>cely any o!r object ?an ! p]=mance ( religi\s c]emonies4 ,9 addition to :at has be5 already /at$1 x may be rem>k$1 t ev5 ) ^? :o "k h[ to read1 books & /udy are almo/ out ( ! "q1 because1 unless 9 ! pr9cipal cities1 public libr>ies are n[h]e to be f\nd1 & private libr>ies are luxuries t few possess4 ,if education is conducive to virtue1 & ignorance fo/]s crime1 :at mu/ be ! social & moral /ate ( a c\ntry 9 :i* ignorance is s preval5t6 ,! am\nt ( crime 9 ,spa9 is appall+4 ,we h be=e u a return ( convictions = ! ye> #ahbf1 f :i* we %all make "s extracts4 ,our reason = tak+ ?is ye> is simply because we are unable to procure any return = a lat] "o4 ,! numb] ( convictions = murd] 9 ,engl& & ,wales 9 ! ye> #ahbf 0 ?irte51 & ! numb] convict$ ( w\nd+1 etc41 ) int5t to kill1 0 f\rte54 ,^! numb]s are lam5tably l>ge4 ,t ! horrible crime ( murd] %\ld ev] be p]petrat$ is a mo/ melan*oly fact2 & t s _m z ?irte5 murd]s %\ld be committ$ 9 "o ye> mu/ fill ! m9d ( e moral man & lov] ( 8 c\ntry ) grief & %ame4 ,b great z ?is numb] is absolutely1 x s9ks into insignificance :5 comp>$ ) ! numb] ( murd]s p]petrat$ 9 ,spa92 = 9 t unhappy c\ntry1 9 ! s+le ye> ( #ahbf1 ! numb] ( convictions = murd] rea*$ ! frightful height ( ,,twelve ,,hundr$ ,,& ,,?irty-,,?ree6 9 addition to :i*1 !re 7 sev5te5 hundr$ & sev5ty-?ree convictions on *>ges ( maim+ ) int5t to kill1 & sixte5 hundr$ & tw5ty p]sons 7 convict$ ( robb]y "u aggravat$ circum/ances4 ,we d\bt n = an in/ant ,,?is ,,mass ,,( ,,crime ,,is ,,! ,,(fspr+ ,,( ,,ignorance4--,national ,education1 vol4 ii41 p4 #add4 ,x has be5 well rem>k$ t ! true/ pro(s ( a good gov]nm5t are j laws1 & t ! be/ evid5ce ( a well-organiz$ gov]nm5t is to be f\nd 9 ! /rict execution ( ^! laws4 ,judg+ ! ,spani% gov]nm5t by ^! te/s1 x w appe> ! wor/ & weake/ gov]nm5t t ev] held toge!r4 ,ju/ice ( no k9d has any exi/5ce2 !re is ! mo/ lam5table insecurity ( p]son & prop]ty2 r$ress is nev] c]ta91 because bo? judgm5t & ! execution ( ! laws are left to m5 s inadequately paid t !y mu/ dep5d = _! subsi/5ce ^u brib]y4 ,no?+ is s difficult z to br+ a man to trial :o has any ?+ 9 8 purse1 except to br+ him to execution3 ?is1 unless 9 ,madrid & ,catalonia1 is impossible1 = money w always buy indemnity4 ,i c /ate1 ^u c]ta9 in=mation receiv$ 9 ,madrid1 t ! pr9cipal ,spani% dilig5ces pay black mail to ! b&itti = _! protection4 ,?is arrangem5t 0 at fir/ ent]$ into ) "s difficulty2 & f a g5tleman :o 0 pres5t at ! int]view betwe5 ! p]son employ$ to negotiate on behalf ( ! dilig5ces & ! repres5tative ( ! b&itti1 ,i le>n$ a few p>ticul>s4 ,! dilig5ces 9 "q 7 ^? betwe5 ,madrid & ,seville1 & ! sum (f]$ = _! protection 0 n object$ to1 b ano!r difficulty 0 />t$4 ',i h no?+ to say aga9/ ! t]ms y (f]1' said ! negotiator = ! b&itti1 '& ,i w at once insure y aga9/ be+ mole/$ by robb]s ( consequ5ce6 b z = ! small fry1 ,i c n be responsible6 we respect ! engagem5ts ent]$ into by ea* o!r1 b !re is no?+ l honor among ! petty ?ieves4' ,! proprietors ( ! dilig5ces1 h[ev]1 7 satisfi$ ) ! assurance ( protection aga9/ ! great robb]s1 & ! treaty 0 conclud$2 b n long aft]w>d "o ( ! coa*es 0 /opp$ & rifl$ by ! petty ?ieves3 ?is l$ to an arrangem5t :i* has ev] s9ce prov$ effectual2 "o ( ! *iefs accompanies ! coa* on its j\rney1 & ov]awes1 by 8 "n & reputation1 ! robb]s ( inf]ior degree4--,spa9 9 #ahcj1 vol4 i41 p4 #b4 ,a volume might be fill$ ) simil> te/imony1 %[+ ! great insecurity ( p]son & prop]ty 9 v>i\s p>ts ( ?is unhappy c\ntry4 ,ev5 a woman :o d>es prosecute ! murd]] ( h] husb& spe$ily receives a private intimation t effectually sil5ces h]2 & x has n be5 uncommon = money to be put into ! h&s ( an escrivano#dg previ\s to ! commission ( a murd]1 9 ord] to insure ! s]vices & protection ( a p]son s necess>y to "o :o m$itates crime4 #dg ,! escrivanos1 :o figure s l>gely 9 ,spa91 are ! repres5tatives ( ! l[e/ class ( attorneys4 ,no?+ c be done )\t !m1 & !y are n unfrequ5tly almo/ ! sole au?ority 9 a place capable ( read+ & writ+4 ,not)/&+ ! mis]able /ate ( ! rural di/ricts1 !y contrive to make money1 & _m ( !m rise f ?is humble (fice to mu* high] places 9 ! /ate4 ,_! wret*$ appo9tm5ts are1 consequ5tly1 objects ( competition4 ,i witness$ ! execution ( "o at ,seville by accid5tally ent]+ ! ,plaza1 :]e ! ,capu*9s 7 bawl+ out ! la/ words = 8 repetition1 ann\nc+ to ! cr[d t !y _h done _! duty1 & he di$ 9 ! true fai?4 ,he _h be5 sup]s$$ 9 "s village 9 ! vic9ity1 & assass9at$ 8 rival4--,cook's ,sket*es 9 ,spa91 vol4 i41 p4 #aig4 ,spa9 ab\nds 9 pov]ty4 ,ignorance conduces to crime1 :i*1 z we h se51 is at once a cause & an effect ( pov]ty4 ,9 view ( :at has already be5 said ( ! ignorance & immorality ( ! ,spani>ds1 "o w\ld readily en\gh inf] t pov]ty exi/s among !m to a deplorable ext5t1 & x is ev5 s4 ,9 ?is c\ntry e ?+1 inde$1 appe>s to h conspir$ to p>alyze indu/ry1 & to r5d] ( no avail ! natural f]tility ( ! soil4 ,! havoc ( w>2 ! plund] committ$ by organiz$ & p[]ful bodies ( robb]s2 ! rapacity ( gov]nm5t & ( its army ( (fic]s2 ! exclusion ( =eign goods1 & ! consequ5t %utt+ up ( ! =eign m>ket2 ! ignorance ( ! p z to ! be/ modes ( agriculture2 &1 la/ ( all1 ! want ( capital--all ^! comb9e to produce squalid pov]ty 9 a l& :i* ought to1 &1 ) a good sy/em ( popul> education1 mo/ assur$ly w\ld1 ,,ab\nd ,,9 ,,weal?4 ,scotl& & ,spa9 h be5 ref]r$ to1 n to br+ out a few facts 9 hi/ory m]ely1 b to illu/rate an important tru?4 ,:]e a good sy/em ( popul> education is well adm9i/]$ 9 a c\ntry1 &1 z a consequ5ce1 intellig5ce1 indu/ry1 & morality become univ]sal among its citiz5s1 !y w ev5tually become a weal?y1 & a highly-prosp]\s & happy community1 ev5 ?\gh !y d]ive _! subsi/5ce f a naturally unfruitful soil2 b1 on ! contr>y1 :]e popul> education is neglect$ 9 a commonweal?1 & its future citiz5s1 z a consequ5ce1 gr[ up 9 ignorance1 idl5ess1 & vice1 squalid pov]ty & flagrant crime w become preval5t ?r\gh\t a wret*$ & deg5]ate community1 t is sc>cely able to ga9 a m]e subsi/5ce f a naturally productive soil4 ,9 fur!r confirmation ( ! tru? ( ! proposition t education dim9i%es crime1 ,i w introduce ! foll[+ /ati/ics1 glean$ f v>i\s (ficial docum5ts respect+ prisons4 ,accord+ to returns to ! ,briti% ,p>liam5t1 ! commitm5ts = crimes 9 an av]age ( n9e ye>s 9 proportion to population are z foll[s3 ,9 ,man*e/]1 ! mo/ infidel city 9 ! nation1 #a 9 #adj2 9 ,london1 #a 9 #hjj2 9 all ,irel&1 #a 9 #afjj2 & 9 ,scotl&1 celebrat$ = le>n+ & religion1 #a 9 #bj1jjj6 ,! ,rev4 ,dr4 ,=de1 = _m ye>s ! ,ord9ate ( ,newgate1 ,london1 repres5ts ignorance z ! fir/ great cause1 & idl5ess z ! second1 ( all ! crimes committ$ by ! inmates ( t celebrat$ prison4 ,sir ,ri*>d ,phillips1 %]iff ( ,london1 says t1 on ! memorial address$ to ! %]iffs by #aeb crim9als 9 ! same in/itution1 #be only sign$ _! names 9 a fair h&1 #bf 9 an illegible scrawl1 & t #aja1 two ?irds ( ! entire numb]1 7 m>ksm51 sign+ ) a cross4 ,few ( ! prison]s c\ld read ) facility2 m ?an half ( !m c\ld n read at all2 ! mo/ ( !m ?\ght books 7 useless1 & 7 totally ignorant ( ! nature1 object1 & end ( religion4 ,! ,rev4 ,mr4 ,clay1 *apla9 to ! ,h\se ( ,correction 9 ,lanca%ire1 repres5ts t out ( #aabi p]sons committ$1 #eed c\ld n read2 #bbb 7 b>ely capable ( read+2 #ch only c\ld read well2 & only #h1 or #a 9 #ada1 c\ld read & write well4 ,"o half ( ! #aabi prison]s 7 q ignorant ( ! simple/ tru?s2 #cg ( ^!1 #a 9 #bj ( ! entire numb]1 7 occasional read]s ( ! ,bible2 & only "o out ( ?is l>ge numb] 0 famili> ) ! ,holy ,scriptures & conv]sant ) ! pr9ciples ( religion4 ,among ! #eaf repres5t$ z entirely ignorant1 #abe 7 incapable ( repeat+ ! ,"l's ,pray]4 ,9 ! ,new ,york ,/ate ,prisons1 z exam9$ a few ye>s ago1 m ?an ?ree f\r?s ( ! convicts _h ei!r receiv$ no education or a v imp]fect "o4 ,out ( #hdb at ,s+ ,s+1 #bhi c\ld n read or write1 & only #db--less ?an #a 9 #bj--;_h receiv$ a good common s*ool education4 ,auburn prison pres5ts simil> /ati/ics4 ,out ( #bbh prison]s1 only #ei c\ld read1 write1 & ciph]1 & #fj c\ld d nei!r4 ,! *apla9 ( ! ,ohio p5it5ti>y rem>ks t n only 9 ! prison ( t /ate1 b 9 o!rs1 deprav$ appetites & corrupt habits1 :i* h l$ to ! commission ( crime1 are usually f\nd ) ! ignorant1 un9=m$1 & dull] "p ( mank9d4 ,( #bgf at "o "t 9 t in/itution1 ne>ly all 7 bel[ m$iocrity1 & #age are repres5t$ z grossly ignorant1 &1 9 po9t ( education1 sc>cely capable ( transact+ ! ord9>y bus9ess ( life4 ,! prec$+1 x is believ$1 is no m ?an a fair specim5 ( ! crim9al /ati/ics ( ?is c\ntry & ( ! civiliz$ _w4 ,i w conclude ?is d>k catalogue by introduc+ a /atem5t 9 relation to education & crime 9 a /ate :i*1 accord+ to ! la/ g5]al c5sus1 conta9$ few] p]sons 9 proportion to ! :ole population :o 7 unable to read & write ?an any o!r /ate 9 ! ,union4 ,f ?is /atem5t x appe>s t z a p become m g5]ally intellig5t & moral1 a great] proportion ( _! crim9als w be f\nd among ! ignorant & neglect$ classes4 ,! *apla9 ( ! ,connecticut ,/ate ,prison /ates t1 out ( #aij prison]s1 n "o 0 lib]ally educat$1 or a memb] ( ei!r ( ! le>n$ pr(essions4 ,( ! :ole numb]1 #aji 7 natives ( ,connecticut2 & ( ^!1 _m ( !m c\ld n und]/& ! pla9e/ s5t5ces :i* !y read1 & _! moral culture _h be5 m neglect$ ?an _! intellectual4 ,f ! inve/igations ( ?is (fic]1 x appe>s t out ( e #ajj prison]s only two c\ld be f\nd :o c\ld read1 write1 & 7 temp]ate1 & only f\r :o c\ld read1 write1 & foll[$ any regul> trade4 ,x is evid5t1 !n1 t :ile education increases ! weal? & g5]al happ9ess ( a community1 ! want ( x w r$uce a p to a /ate ( pov]ty & wret*$ness2 or1 to repeat a s5tim5t plac$ at ! head ( ?is article1 ! diff]5t c\ntries ( ! _w1 if arrang$ accord+ to ! /ate ( education 9 !m1 w be f\nd to be arrang$ also accord+ to weal?1 morals1 & g5]al happ9ess2 at ! same "t1 ! condition ( ! p1 & ! ext5t ( crime & viol5ce among !m1 foll[ a l ord]4 ,i might appropriately add "u ?is head t a prop] att5tion to ! subject ( education w\ld greatly dim9i% ! numb] ( fatal accid5ts2 t x w\ld save _m lives1 prev5t mu* ( idiocy & insanity1 & a multitude ( evils t ord9>ily result f ignorance ( ! organic laws4 ,,fatal ,,accid5ts4--,he :o und]/&s ! laws ( motion kn[s t a man jump+ f a c>riage at spe$ is 9 great dang] ( fall+ aft] 8 feet rea* ! gr\nd1 = 8 body has ! same =w>d velocity z if he _h be5 runn+ ) ! spe$ ( ! c>riage1 & unless he cont9ues to advance 8 feet z 9 runn+ to support 8 advanc+ body1 he mu/ z c]ta9ly be da%$ to ! gr\nd z a runn] ^: feet are sudd5ly arre/$4 ,if1 !n1 !re is dang] 9 leap+ f a c>riage 9 motion1 h[ mu* great] is ! haz>d 9 jump+ f a rail-road c> "u full headway4 ,& yet _m d ?is1 jump+ (f side-wise1 s t x is impossible to advance2 & "s ev5 jump 9 ! opposite direction f ! motion ( ! c>1 :i* increases ! already imm95t haz>d4 ,f /ati/ics rec5tly collect$1 x appe>s t ! great majority ( accid5ts on ! rail-roads ( ?is c\ntry h happ5$ 9 ?is way1 a want ( practical con=mity to ?is "o law ( motion be+ ! prevail+ cause ( fatality along ^! ?or\ghf>es4 ,?is is b a specim5 ( ! fatal accid5ts t are cont9ually occurr+ 9 ! e-day transactions ( life1 :i* might be prev5t$ z easily z ?is by ! practical application ( a s+le sci5tific pr9ciple4 ,,loss ,,( ,,life4--,9 a s+le hospital at ,dubl91 dur+ f\r ye>s1 #bidd *ildr5 out ( #gfej1 ab\t #dj 9 #ajj1 di$ )9 a =tnight aft] _! bir?4 ,dr4 ,cl>k1 ! att5d+ physician1 suspect+ a want ( pure air to be ! cause1 provid$ = ! v5tilation ( all ! ap>tm5ts2 & by means ( pipes six in*es 9 diamet]1 introduc$ into e room a curr5t ( fre%1 pure air1 :i* is ess5tial to vitality1 & all[$ t :i* 0 vitiat$ by respiration to escape4 ,! consequ5ce 01 t dur+ ! ?ree succe$+ ye>s only #afe out ( #dbdc *ildr5 di$ )9 ! fir/ two weeks1 or less ?an #d 9 #ajj4 ,z !re 0 no o!r kn[n cause ( improvem5t 9 ! heal? ( ^! *ildr51 x may be ju/ly inf]r$ t1 dur+ ! f\r ye>s fir/ m5tion$1 #bfej *ildr51 n9e t5?s ( ! :ole numb]1 _h p]i%$ = want ( pure air4 ,x has be5 e/imat$ t ab\t #dj 9 e #ajj ( ! dea?s annually occurr+ 9 ,great ,brita9 & ! ,unit$ ,/ates are ( *ildr5 "u five ye>s ( age4 ,to avoid e possibility ( exagg]ation1 we w place ! numb] 9 ?is c\ntry at #cj 9 #ajj4 ,at ?is rate we lose ab\t #bjj1jjj *ildr5 "u five ye>s ( age e ye>4 ,n[1 if n9e t5?s ( ! mortality among infants 9 ! ,dubl9 ,hospital 7 caus$ by brea?+ bad air1 we may reasonably inf] t at lea/ "o half ( ! dea?s 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates ( *ildr5 "u ! age ( five ye>s proce$ f ! same fatal cause4 ,& ^? :o h notic$ :at pa9s are tak5 by excessively c>eful mo!rs#dh & ignorant nurses to exclude f ! lungs ( infants ! free1 pure1 unadult]at$ air ( heav51 &1 by means ( _m ?icknesses ( envelop+ %awls & blankets1 require !m to re-respire portions at lea/ ( _! own brea?1 until x becomes a virul5t & deadly poison1 w ?9k ) me t ?is is a l[ e/imate1 & wond] t ! swaddl+-clo?s ( m infants d n become _! w9d+-%eets4 ,b1 ev5 accord+ to ?is e/imate1 #ajj1jjj *ildr5 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates annually fall victims to ! ignorance ( _! fond mo!rs4 ,_m ?\s&s m are subsequ5tly sacrific$ 9 consequ5ce ( occupy+ small & unv5tilat$ b$-rooms & s*ool-rooms1 :i*1 by a practical k ( ! pr9ciples ( physiology1 might be sav$4 ,p]haps z _m m become suff]]s = life f ! same cause1 = a ?\s& =ms ( disease1 z x manife/s itself 9 e /age ( life1 ei!r owe _! exi/5ce or _! sev]ity to brea?+ bad air4 ,^!1 !n1 :o drag out a mis]able exi/5ce 9 consequ5ce ( ?is cruel treatm5t1 are to be m piti$ ?an ^? :o fall its ready victims4 #dh ,x w\ld seem t ! great majority ( educat$ mo!rs d n realize ! necessity ( supply+ pure air to ! new-born *ild4 ,be=e bir?1 ! blood ( ! fetus is purifi$ 9 ! mat]nal lungs2 aft] bir?1 9 ! lungs ( ! *ild1 if at all2 & = ?is purpose pure air is necess>y4 ,if s _m ?\s& dea?s occur annually 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates f ?is "o cause1 9 addition to ! va/ am\nt ( mis]y :i* is entail$ ^u ! wret*$ survivors1 h[ _m hundr$ ?\s& preci\s lives might be sav$1 & :at untold wret*$ness might be prev5t$1 by a /rict con=mity to ^? physiological laws ( our be+ :i* might & %\ld be g5]ally taught 9 ! common s*ools ( ! l&4 ,,education ,,& ,,idiocy4#di--,! education ( idiots has hi!rto be5 reg>d$ z p>adoxical1 & /ill is by ! mass ( mank9d2 b t x is possible to improve ! condition ( ?is mo/ wret*$ & helpless class ( p]sons none ne$ long] d\bt4 ,! exp]im5t has succe$$ 9 bo? ,europe & ,am]ica4 ,massa*usetts has ! honor ( tak+ ! lead 9 ?is c\ntry2 & x is meet t x %\ld be s1 = %e has long1 l a wise p>5t1 be5 accu/om$ to c>e = all h] *ildr54 ,%e _h mo/ readily & g5]\sly second$ ! ef=ts ( humane m5 = ! relief ( ! insane1 ! deaf mutes1 & ! bl9d1 & made provision = _! c>e & in/ruction4 ,%e ext5d$ h] mat]nal love to ! bodies ( ^? :o 7 9 hopeless idiocy1 b z = m9ds1 !y seem$ to h none2 !y 71 !re=e1 kept out ( sight ( ! public z mu* z possible until ! ye> #ahdf1 :5 a bo>d ( commission]s 7 appo9t$ to inquire into ! condition ( ! idiots ( ! commonweal?1 to asc]ta9 _! numb]1 & :e!r any ?+ c be done 9 _! behalf4 #di ,! /atem5ts "u ?is head are drawn f ,dr4 ,h[e's ,report on ,idiocy1 made 9 ,febru>y la/1 & communicat$ by ! gov]nor to ! ,legislature ( ! ,commonweal? ( ,massa*usetts4 ,! au?or visit$ ! ,in/itution 9 ,s\? ,bo/on dur+ ! pa/ summ]1 & d]iv$ mu* in=mation on ! subject f p]sonal obs]vation & inquiry4 ,9 _! report ! commission]s say t1 by dilig5t & c>eful inquiries 9 ne>ly "o hundr$ t[ns 9 diff]5t p>ts ( ! /ate1 we h asc]ta9$ ! exi/5ce & exam9$ ! condition ( five hundr$ & sev5ty-five human be+s :o are condemn$ to hopeless idiocy1 :o are consid]$ & treat$ z idiots by _! neighbors1 & left to _! own bruti%ness4 ,!y are also idiotic 9 a legal s5se2 t is1 !y are reg>d$ z incapable ( ent]+ into contracts1 & are irresponsible = _! actions4 ,! commission]s conclude t1 if ! o!r p>ts ( ! /ate conta9 ! same proportion ( idiots to _! :ole population1 ! total numb] 9 ! commonweal? is betwe5 f\rte5 & fifte5 hundr$6 ,n[ if we make ! same e/imate 9 proportion to ! entire population1 x w appe> t 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates !re are upw>d ( ?irty-five ?\s& p]sons 9 ! mo/ wret*$ & helpless condition ( idiocy4 ,9 view ( ! great numb] ( idiots 9 ! commonweal?1 ! commission]s say1 x appe>$ to u c]ta9 t ! exi/5ce ( s _m idiots 9 e g5]ation mu/ be ! consequ5ce ( "s violation ( ! natural laws2 t :]e !re 0 s mu* suff]+ !re mu/ h be5 s94 ,we resolv$1 !re=e1 to seek = ! s\rces ( ! evil1 z well z to gauge ! dep? & ext5t ( ! mis]y4 ,"s ( ! causes ( idiocy are set =? 9 ! report1 two ( :i* are z foll[s3 fir/1 ! l[ condition ( ! physical organization ( "o or bo? p>5ts1 induc$ (t5 by intemp]ance2 second1 ! int]m>riage ( relatives4 ,! report /ates t out ( #dbj cases ( cong5ital idiocy :i* 7 exam9$1 "s in=mation 0 ga9$ respect+ ! condition ( ! prog5itors ( #cei4 ,n[ 9 all ^! cases1 save only f\r1 x 0 f\nd t "o or ! o!r1 or bo?1 ( ! imm$iate prog5itors ( ! un=tunate suff]] _h 9 "s way widely dep>t$ f ! normal condition ( heal?1 & violat$ ! natural laws4 ,t is to say1 "o or ! o!r1 or bo? ( !m1 _h be5 v unheal?y or scr(ul\s2 or h]$it>ily pr$ispos$ to affections ( ! bra91 caus+ occasional insanity2 or _h int]m>ri$ ) blood relatives2 or _h be5 intemp]ate2 or _h be5 guilty ( s5sual excesses :i* impair ! con/itution4#ej #ej ,! subject ( h]$it>y transmission ( diseas$ t5d5cy is ( va/ importance1 b x is a difficult "o to treat1 because a squeami% delicacy makes p avoid x2 b if ev] ! race is to be reliev$ ( a ti! ( ! bodily ills :i* fle% is n[ heir to1 x mu/ be by a cle> und]/&+ (1 & a will+ ob$i5ce to1 ! law :i* makes ! p>5ts ! bless+ or ! curse ( ! *ildr52 ! giv]s ( /r5g?1 & vigor1 & beauty1 or ! disp5s]s ( debility1 & disease1 & de=mity4 ,x is by ! lev] ( enlight5$ p>5tal love1 m ?an by any o!r p[]1 t mank9d is to be rais$ to ! highe/ atta9able po9t ( bodily p]fection4--,,dr4 ,s4 ,g4 ,,h[e4 ,,intemp]ance ,,& ,,idiocy4--,out ( ! ?ree hundr$ & fifty-n9e idiots1 ! condition ( ^: prog5itors 0 asc]ta9$1 n9ety-n9e 7 ! *ildr5 ( drunk>ds4 ,b ?is does n tell ! :ole /ory by any means4 ,by drunk>d is meant a p]son :o is a notori\s & habitual sot4 ,_m p]sons :o are habitually intemp]ate d n get ?is "n ev5 n[2 mu* less w\ld !y h done s tw5ty-five or ?irty ye>s ago4 ,by a pretty c>eful inquiry1 ) an especial view ( asc]ta9+ ! numb] ( idiots ( ! l[e/ class ^: p>5ts 7 kn[n to be temp]ate p]sons1 x is f\nd t n "o qu>t] c be s consid]$4 ,f ! pretty uni=m action ( a physiological law1 :i* is n[ becom+ well und]/ood1 x appe>s t idiots1 fools1 & simpletons1 ei!r 9 ! fir/ or second g5]ation1 are common among ! prog5y ( intemp]ate p]sons1 & may be consid]$ z an effect ( ! habitual use ( alcohol1 ev5 9 mod]ate quantities4 ,if1 moreov]1 "o consid]s h[ _m *ildr5 ( intemp]ate p>5ts !re are :o1 )\t be+ idiots1 are defici5t 9 bodily & m5tal en]gy1 & pr$ispos$ by _! v organization to h crav+s = alcoholic /imulants1 x w be se5 :at an imm5se burd5 ! dr9k]s ( "o g5]ation ?r[ ^u ! succe$+ "o4 ,,idiocy ,,& ,,! ,,m>riage ,,( ,,relatives4--,out ( ! ?ree hundr$ & fifty-n9e cases ( cong5ital idiocy already ref]r$ to1 9 :i* ! p>5tage 0 asc]ta9$1 sev5te5 7 kn[n to be ! *ildr5 ( p>5ts ne>ly relat$ by blood2 b1 z _m ( ^! cases 7 adults1 x 0 impossible to asc]ta91 9 "s cases1 :e!r _! p>5ts1 :o 7 dead1 7 relat$ or n be=e m>riage4 ,f "s collat]al evid5ce1 we conclude t at lea/ ?ree m cases %\ld be add$ to ! sev5te54 ,?is w\ld %[ t m ?an "o tw5tie? ( ! idiots exam9$ are (fspr+ ( ! m>riage ( relations4 ,n[1 z m>riages betwe5 ne> relations are by no means 9 ! ratio ( "o to tw5ty1 nor ev51 p]haps1 z "o to a ?\s& to ! m>riages betwe5 p]sons n relat$1 x foll[s t ! proportion ( idiotic prog5y is va/ly great] 9 ! =m] ?an 9 ! latt] case4 ,!n x %\ld be consid]$ t idiocy is only "o =m 9 :i* ,nature manife/s t %e has be5 (f5d$ by su* int]m>riages4 ,x is probable t bl9dness1 deafness1 imbecility1 & o!r infirmities1 are m likely to be ! lot ( ! *ildr5 ( p>5ts relat$ by blood ?an ( o!rs4 ,! probability1 !re=e1 ( unheal?y or infirm issue f su* m>riages becomes fe>fully great1 & ! exi/5ce ( ! law aga9/ !m is made out z cle>ly z ?\gh x 7 writt5 on tables ( /one4 ,! /ati/ics ( ! sev5te5 families1 ! heads ( :i*1 be+ blood relatives1 int]m>ri$1 tells a fe>ful tale4 ,mo/ ( ! p>5ts 7 intemp]ate or scr(ul\s2 "s 7 bo? ! "o & ! o!r2 ( c\rse1 !re 7 o!r causes to increase *ances ( infirm (fspr+ besides t ( ! int]m>riage4 ,!re 7 born unto !m n9ety-five *ildr51 ( :om =ty-f\r 7 idiotic1 twelve o!rs 7 scr(ul\s & puny1 "o 0 deaf1 & "o 0 a dw>f6 ,9 "s cases1 all ! *ildr5 7 ei!r idiotic1 or v scr(ul\s & puny4 ,9 "o family ( eight *ildr51 five 7 idiotic4 ,,condition ,,( ,,idiots4--,f :at has be5 said ( ! "* ( p>5ts to :om are born ! greate/ proportion ( ?is mo/ wret*$ & helpless class ( p]sons1 _! condition & treatm5t might be inf]r$4 ,to re> heal?y *ildr5 prop]ly1 a k ( ! pr9ciples ( physiology & m5tal sci5ce is ess5tially necess>y4 ,?is k is /ill m important 9 ! treatm5t ( idiots4 ,dr4 ,h[e is ( ! op9ion t x requires a r>] & high] k9d ( tal5t to tea* an idiot ?an a y\? ( sup]ior tal5t4 ,:5 ! "t comes t s*ools = idiots are e/abli%$ all ov] ! c\ntry1 he ?9ks x w be f\nd m difficult to get good tea*]s = !m ?an to get good pr(essors = our colleges4 ,aft] except+ five or six alms-h\ses 9 :i* ! idiots are treat$ bo? k9dly & wisely1 ! commission]s say1 ! g5]al condition ( ^? at ! public *>ge is mo/ deplorable4 ,!y are fil?y1 glutton\s1 lazy1 & giv5 up to abom9ations ( v>i\s k9ds4 ,!y n only d n improve1 b !y s9k deep] & deep] into bodily depravity & m5tal degradation4 ,bad1 h[ev]1 z is ! condition ( ! idiots :o are at public *>ge1 & gross z is ! ignorance ( ^? :o take ! *>ge ( !m ab\t _! real wants & capabilities1 we are con/ra9$ to say t ! condition ( ^? 9 private h\ses is1 g5]ally speak+1 /ill worse1 & ! ignorance ( ! relatives & fri5ds :o support !m is /ill m pr(\nd4 ,?is is n to be wond]$ at :5 we consid] t idiots are g5]ally born ( a v poor /ock--( p]sons :o are subject to "s disord]s ( ! bra91 or :o are !mselves scr(ul\s & puny to ! la/ degree4 ,su* p]sons are1 g5]ally1 v feeble 9 intellect1 poor 9 purse1 & intemp]ate 9 habits4 ,a great _m ( !m are h>dly able to take c>e ( !mselves4 ,!y are unfit to tea* or tra9 common *ildr52 h[ mu* less to take ! *>ge ( idiots1 ^: education is ! mo/ difficult ( all6 ,! commission]s asc]ta9$1 ma9ly by p]sonal obs]vation1 ! condition ( ?ree hundr$ & fifty-five idiotic p]sons :o are n t[n or /ate paup]s4 ,( ^! !re may be1 at ! mo/1 five :o are treat$ v judici\sly2 :o are taught by wise & discreet p]sons1 & ^: faculties & capabilities are develop$ to _! fulle/ ext5t2 b ! rema9+ ?ree hundr$ & fifty are g5]ally 9 a mo/ deplorable condition z x respects _! bodily1 m5tal1 & moral treatm5t4#ea #ea ,"o w\ld h>dly be cr$it$ if he %\ld put d[n half ! in/ances ( gross ignorance manife/$ by p>5ts 9 ?is enlight5$ community ! ,/ate ( ,massa*usetts 9 ! treatm5t ( idiotic *ildr54 ,sometimes !y f9d t ! *ildr5 seem to compreh5d :at !y he>1 b soon =get x2 h5ce !y conclude t ! bra9 is s(t1 & c n reta9 impressions1 & !n !y cov] ! head ) cold p\ltices ( oak-b>k 9 ord] to tan or h>d5 ! fib]s4 ,o!rs1 f9d+ t x is exce$+ly difficult to make any impression ^u ! m9d1 conclude t ! bra9 is too h>d1 & !y torture ! poor *ild ) hot & s(t5+ p\ltices ( bread & milk2 or !y pla/] t> ov] ! :ole skull1 & keep x on = a long "t4 ,^! are innoc5t applications comp>$ ) "s1 :i* d\btless r5d] weak-m9d$ *ildr5 p]fectly idiotic4--,,dr4 ,s4 ,g4 ,,h[e4 ,:at a /rik+ illu/ration h we "h ( ! necessity ( diffus+ correct physiological in=mation m widely among ! masses ?an has yet be5 done ev5 9 enlight5$ ,massa*usetts6 ,! commission]s come to ! unque/ionable conclusion 9 _! report t no?+ c af=d a /rong] argum5t 9 favor ( an in/itution = ! prop] tra9+ & tea*+ ( idiots1 & ! dissem9ation ( in=mation ^u ! subject1 ?an ! /rik+ diff]5ce manife/$ 9 ! condition ( ! few *ildr5 :o are prop]ly c>$ = & judici\sly treat$1 & ^? :o are neglect$ or abus$4 ,!re are cases 9 our community ( y\?s :o are idiotic f bir?1 b :o1 "u prop] c>e & tra9+1 h become cleanly 9 p]son1 quiet 9 deportm5t1 indu/ri\s 9 habits1 & :o w\ld almo/ pass 9 society = p]sons ( common intellig5ce2 & yet _! natural capacity 0 no great] ?an t ( o!rs1 :o1 f ignorance or neglect ( _! p>5ts1 h become fil?y1 glutton\s1 lazy1 vici\s1 deprav$1 & are rapidly s9k+ into drivel+ idiocy4 ,?is fact alone %\ld be en\gh to enc\rage ! /ate to take measures at once = ! e/abli%m5t ( a s*ool or in/itution = tea*+ or tra9+ idiots1 if x 7 b a matt] ( exp]im5t4 ,massa*usetts is ! only /ate 9 ! ,union t z yet has attempt$ to d any ?+ = ! education & tra9+ ( ?is hi!rto neglect$ class ( p]sons4 ,! result ( ! fir/ ye>'s exp]im5t has be5 mo/ gratify+ & enc\rag+4 ,( ! :ole numb] receiv$1 !re 0 n "o :o 0 9 a situation :]e any great improvem5t 9 8 condition 0 probable1 or h>dly possible2 !y 7 gr[+ worse 9 habits1 & m confirm$ 9 _! idiocy4 ,b ! process ( det]ioration 9 ! pupils has be5 entirely /opp$1 & t ( improvem5t has comm5c$2 & ?\gh a ye> is a v %ort "t 9 ! in/ruction ( su* p]sons1 yet its effects are manife/ 9 all ( !m4 ,!y h improv$ 9 p]sonal appe>ance & habits1 9 g5]al heal?1 9 vigor1 & 9 activity ( body4 ,"s ( !m c control _! appetites 9 a consid]able degree2 !y sit at ! table ) _! tea*]s1 & fe$ !mselves dec5tly4 ,almo/ all ( !m h improv$ 9 ! und]/&+ & ! use ( spee*4 ,"s ( !m h made consid]able progress 9 ! k ( language2 !y c select words pr9t$ on slips ( pap]1 & a few c read simple s5t5ces4 ,b1 :at is mo/ important1 ,,!y ,,h ,,made ,a ,,/>t ,,=w>d4 ,!re is gr\nd = confid5ce t ! reasonable hopes ( ! fri5ds ( ! exp]im5t w be satisfi$4 ,all t !y promis$ has be5 accompli%$1 s f> z 0 possible 9 ! p]iod ( a ye>4 ,x has be5 demon/rat$ t idiots are ,,capable ,,( ,,improvem5t1 & t !y c be rais$ f a /ate ( l[ degradation to a ,,high] ,,condition4 ,h[ f> !y c be elevat$1 & to :at ext5t !y may be educat$1 c only be %[n by ! exp]i5ce ( ! future4 ,! result ( ! pa/ ye>'s trial1 h[ev]1 gives confid5ce t ea* succe$+ ye> w %[ ev5 m progress ?an any prec$+ "o4 ,,education ,,& ,,insanity4--,x is well e/abli%$ t a defective & faulty education ?r\gh ! p]iod ( infancy & *ildhood is "o ( ! mo/ prolific causes ( insanity4 ,su* an education1 or r mis$ucation1 causes a pr$isposition 9 _m1 & excites "o :]e x already exi/s1 :i* ultimately r5d]s ! animal prop5sities ( our nature uncontrollable4 ,appetites indulg$ & p]v]t$1 passions unre/ra9$1 prop5sities r5d]$ vigor\s by indulg5ce1 & subject$ to no salut>y re/ra9t1 br+ p]sons into a condition 9 :i* bo? moral & physical causes easily op]ate to produce insanity1 if !y d n produce x !mselves4 ,we mu/ look to well-direct$ sy/ems ( popul> education1 hav+ = _! object physical improvem5t1 no less ?an m5tal & moral culture1 to relieve u f _m ( ! evils :i* fle% is heir to1 & no?+ c s effectually secure u f ?is mo/ =midable disease 7z well z f o!rs n less appall+7 z t sy/em ( in/ruction :i* tea*es u h[ to pres]ve ! normal condition ( ! body & ! m9d2 to =tify ! "o aga9/ ! catalogue ( physical causes :i* e :]e assail u1 & to elevate ! o!r above ! influ5ce ( ! trials & disappo9tm5ts ( life1 s t ! ho/ ( moral causes :i* affect ! bra91 ?r\gh ! m$ium ( ! m9d1 %all be inop]ative & h>mless4 ,^? fir/ pr9ciples ( physical education :i* tea* u h[ to avoid disease are all-important to all liable to insanity f h]$it>y pr$isposition4 ,! physical heal? mu/ be att5d$ to1 & ! tra9+ ( ! faculties ( ! m9d be su* z to c\nt]act ! ov]-active prop5sities ( our nature--correct+ ! bias ( ! m9d to wrong curr5ts & to too great activity by br++ into action ! antagoniz+ p[]s1 & ?us giv+ a s\nd body & a well-balanc$ m9d4 ,neglect ( ?is e>ly tra9+ entails evils ^u ! "y :i* are felt 9 all aft] life4 ,^! positions are /at$ & amplifi$ 9 ! able reports ( ,dr4 ,s4 ,b4 ,woodw>d1 sup]9t5d5t ( ! ,/ate ,lunatic ,asylum1 ,worce/]1 ,mass41 to :i* ! read] is ref]r$4 ,!y are also corroborat$ by p]sons :o h _h ! c>e ( ! insane 9 o!r in/itutions4 ,9 ! eighte5? annual report ( ! physician & sup]9t5d5t ( ! ,connecticut ,retreat = ! ,insane1 ,dr4 ,brigham says1 a k ( ! nature ( ! disease w\ld frequ5tly lead to its prev5tion4 ,insanity1 9 mo/ cases1 arises f undue excitem5t & labor ( ! bra92 = ev5 if a pr$isposition to x is inh]it$1 an excit+ cause is ess5tial to its developm5t4 ,h5ce e ?+ likely to cause great excitem5t ( ! bra91 especially 9 e>ly life1 %\ld be avoid$4 ,! records ( cases at ?is in/itution & my own obs]vation ju/ify me 9 say+ t ! neglect ( moral discipl9e1 ! too great indulg5ce ( ! passions & emotions 9 e>ly life1 toge!r ) ! excessive & premature ex]cise ( ! m5tal p[]s1 are among ! mo/ frequ5t causes t pr$ispose to insanity4 ,b ^! causes are 9 no o!r way op]ative 9 produc+ insanity ?an by unduly excit+ ! bra94 ,by neglect ( moral discipl9e1 a "* is =m$ subject to viol5t passions1 & to extreme emotions & anxiety f ! unavoidable evils & disappo9tm5ts ( life1 & ?us ! bra91 by be+ (t5 & viol5tly agitat$1 becomes diseas$2 & by too e>ly ex]cis+ & prematurely develop+ ! m5tal p[]s1 ?is organ is r5d]$ m susceptible & liable to disease4 ,i am confid5t !re is too mu* m5tal labor impos$ ^u y\? at our s*ools & colleges4 ,!re h be5 sev]al admissions ( "y ladies at ?is in/itution direct f bo>d+-s*ools1 & ( "y m5 f college1 :]e !y _h /udi$ excessively4 ,%\ld su* int5se ex]tion ( ! m9d 9 y\? n lead to insanity or imm$iate disease1 x pr$isposes to dyspepsy1 hy/]ia1 hypo*ondriasis1 & affections alli$ to insanity1 & :i* are (t5 its precursors4 ,%\ld t portion ( ! community :o n[ act mo/ wisely 9 obta9+ a k ( ! functions ( ! dige/ive organs1 & 9 c>efully gu>d+ !m f undue excitation1 be equally reg>dful ( ! bra91 !y w\ld d a v great s]vice to society1 &1 9 my op9ion1 d mu* t[>d arre/+ ! al>m+ increase ( insanity1 & all disord]s ( ! n]v\s sy/em4#eb #eb ,9 ! education ( _m1 v _m1 ,i fe>1 ! same mi/ake is made z 9 ! case ( ,"l ,dudley1 ?us describ$ 9 a late numb] ( ! ,london ,qu>t]ly ,review3 ,! irritable susceptibility ( ! bra9 0 /imulat$ at ! exp5se ( bodily p[] & heal?4 ,8 fooli% tutors took a pride 9 8 precoci\s progress1 :i* !y ought to h kept back4 ,!y wat]$ ! =c$ plant ) ! blood ( life2 !y enc\rag$ ! violation ( ,nature's laws1 :i* are n to be brok5 9 va92 !y infr+$ ! condition ( conjo9t moral & physical exi/5ce2 !y imprison$ him 9 a vici\s circle1 :]e ! ov]work$ bra9 injur$ ! /oma*1 :i* react$ to ! injury ( ! bra94 ,!y wat*$ ! slighte/ deviation f ! rules ( logic1 & neglect$ ^? ( dietetics1 to :i* ! =m] are a f>ce4 ,!y ?\ght ( no ex]cises b ,lat92 !y gave him a ,gradus in/ead ( a cricket-bat1 until 8 m9d became too ke5 = its mortal coil1 & ! f\ndation 0 laid = ill heal?1 d]angem5t ( /oma*1 moral pusillanimity1 irresolution1 l[ness ( spirits1 & all ! ,protean mis]ies ( n]v\s disord]s1 by :i* 8 aft] life 0 haunt$1 & :i* are sadly depict$ 9 almo/ e lett] be=e u4 ,,education ,,increases ,,human ,,happ9ess4 ,:at is a man ,if 8 *ief good & m>ket ( 8 "t ,be b to sleep & fe$8 a bea/1 no m4 ,sure ,he t made u ) su* l>ge disc\rse1 ,look+ be=e & aft]1 gave u n ,t capability & godlike reason ,to ru/ 9 u unus$4--,,%akspe>e4 ,all ! happ9ess ( man is d]iv$ f discov]+1 apply+1 or obey+ ! laws ( 8 ,creator2 & all 8 mis]y is ! result ( ignorance or disob$i5ce4--,,dr4 ,,wayl&4 ,if ! doctr9es taught & ! s5tim5ts inculcat$ 9 ! prec$+ *apt]s ( ?is "w1 b m especially 9 ! prec$+ sections ( ?is *apt]1 are true2 if x is e/abli%$ t education dissipates ! evils ( ignorance2 t x increases ! productiv5ess ( labor2 t x dim9i%es paup]ism & crime--if all ?is is true1 x may seem a "w ( sup]]ogation to attempt ! e/abli%m5t ( ! proposition t education increases human happ9ess4 ,i admit ?is seem+ impropriety2 = t ! proposition is true may be legitimately inf]r$ f :at has gone be=e4 ,b ,i wi% to amplify & ext5d ?is ?\ght1 & to %[ t education has1 if possible1 /ill high] claims ^u our att5tion ?an h yet be5 pres5t$2 t x n only has ! p[] ( remov+ physical & moral evils1 & ( multiply+ & augm5t+ p]sonal & social enjoym5ts1 b t1 :5 rightly und]/ood1 x con/itutes our *ief good2 t to x1 & to x only1 we may safely look = man's highe/ & endur+ joys1 & = ! p]man5t elevation ( ! race4 ,,man ,,9 ,,ignorance4--,t we may be ! bett] prep>$ to appreciate ! advantages ( education1 & its usefulness z a means ( increas+ human happ9ess1 let u consid] ! /ate & ! enjoym5ts ( ! man ^: m9d is %r\d$ 9 ignorance4 ,he gr[s up to manhood l a vegetable1 or l "o ( ! l[] animals t are f$ & n\ri%$ = ! slaught]4 ,he ex]ts 8 physical p[]s because su* ex]tion is necess>y = 8 subsi/5ce4 ,7 x o!rwise1 we %\ld mo/ frequ5tly f9d him doz+ ov] ! fire ) a gaze z dull & /upid z 8 ox1 reg>dless ( e ?+ b ! gratification ( 8 appetites4 ,he has1 p]haps1 be5 taught ! art ( read+1 b has nev] appli$ x to ! acquisition ( k4 ,8 views are *iefly conf9$ to ! objects imm$iately ar\nd him1 & to ! daily avocations 9 :i* he is employ$4 ,8 k ( society is circumscrib$ )9 ! limits ( 8 neighborhood1 & 8 views ( ! _w are conf9$ )9 ! range ( ! c\ntry 9 :i* he resides1 or ( ! blue hills :i* skirt 8 horizon4 ,( ! aspect ( ! globe 9 o!r c\ntries1 ( ! v>i\s tribes ) :i* ^! are peopl$1 ( ! seas & riv]s1 cont95ts & isl&s1 :i* div]sify ! l&scape ( ! e>?1 ( ! num]\s ord]s ( animat$ be+s :i* p ! ocean1 ! atmosph]e1 & ! l&1 ( ! revolutions ( nations1 & ! ev5ts :i* h tak5 place 9 ! hi/ory ( ! _w1 he has almo/ z little conception z h ! animals :i* range ! =e/4 ,9 reg>d to ! b\ndless regions t lie beyond him 9 ! firmam5t1 & ! bodies t roll !re 9 magnific5t gr&eur1 he has ! mo/ confus$ & inaccurate ideas2 inde$1 he seldom tr\bles himself ) inquiries 9 relation to su* subjects4 ,:e!r ! />s are great or small1 :e!r !y are ne> u or at a di/ance1 & :e!r !y move or /& /ill1 are to him matt]s ( trivial importance4 ,if ! sun gives him light by day & ! moon by night1 & ! cl\ds di/il _! wat]y treasures ^u 8 p>*$ fields1 he is cont5t$1 & leaves all su* inquiries & inve/igations to ^? :o h leisure & incl9ation to engage 9 !m4 ,he views ! canopy ( heav5 z m]ely a ceil+ to our e>?ly habitation1 & ! />ry orbs z only s _m lum9\s tap]s to div]sify its aspect1 & to af=d a glimm]+ light to ! b5ight$ travel]4 ,su* a p]son has no idea ( ! mann] 9 :i* ! und]/&+ may be enlight5$ & exp&$ by education2 he has no reli% = intellectual pursuits1 & no conception ( ! pleasures !y af=d2 & he sets no value on k b 9 s f> z x may increase 8 ri*es & 8 s5sual gratifications4 ,he has no desire = mak+ improvem5ts 9 8 trade or dome/ic arrangem5ts1 & gives no c\nt5ance to ^? useful inv5tions & public improvem5ts :i* are devis$ by o!rs4 ,he sets himself aga9/ e innovation1 :e!r religi\s1 political1 me*anical1 or agricultural1 & is det]m9$ to abide by ! good old cu/oms ( 8 =efa!rs1 ev5 ?\gh !y compel him to c>ry 8 gri/ to mill 9 "o end ( a bag1 ) a /one 9 ! o!r to balance x4 ,7 x dep5d5t ^u him1 ! moral _w w\ld /& /ill1 z ! mat]ial _w 0 suppos$ to 9 =m] times2 all useful inv5tions w\ld cease2 exi/+ evils w\ld nev] be rem$i$2 ignorance & sup]/ition w\ld univ]sally prevail2 ! human m9d w\ld be arre/$ 9 its progress to p]fection1 & man w\ld nev] arrive at ! true dignity ( 8 intellectual nature4 ,x is evid5t t su* an individual--& ! _w conta9s ?\s&s & millions ( su* *>act]s--c nev] h 8 m9d elevat$ to ^? sublime objects & contemplations :i* enrapture ! man ( sci5ce1 nor feel ^? pure & exquisite pleasures :i* cultivat$ m9ds s frequ5tly exp]i5ce2 nor c he =m ^? l(ty & expansive conceptions ( ! ,deity :i* ! gr&eur & magnific5ce ( 8 works are calculat$ to inspire4 ,he is left z a prey to all ^? fooli% notions & va9 al>ms :i* are eng5d]$ by ignorance & sup]/ition2 & he swall[s1 )\t ! lea/ hesitation1 all ! absurdities & *ildi% tales respect+ wit*es1 hobgobl9s1 spect]s1 & app>itions1 :i* h be5 h&$ d[n to him by 8 =efa!rs4 ,:ile ! ignorant man ?us gorges 8 m9d ) fool]ies & absurdities1 he spurns at ! discov]ies ( sci5ce z impositions on ! cr$ulity ( mank9d1 & contr>y to reason & common s5se4 ,t ! sun is a million ( times l>g] ?an ! e>?2 t light flies f 8 body at ! rate ( a hundr$ ?\s& miles 9 ! hundr$? "p ( a second2 & t ! e>? is :irl+ r\nd its axis f day to day ) a velocity ( a ?\s& miles e h\r1 are reg>d$ by him z notions f> m improbable & extravagant ?an ! /ory ( ! ,wond]ful ,lamp1 & all ! o!r tales ( ! ,arabian ,night's ,ent]ta9m5ts4 ,9 8 h\rs ( leisure f 8 daily avocations1 8 ?\ghts ei!r run wild among ! mo/ grovel+ objects1 or s9k into s5suality & inanity2 & solitude & retirem5t pres5t no *>ms to 8 vacant m9d4 ,:ile human be+s are ?us imm]s$ 9 ignorance1 de/itute ( rational ideas & ( a solid sub/ratum ( ?\ght1 !y c nev] exp]i5ce ^? pleasures & enjoym5ts :i* fl[ f ! ex]cise ( ! und]/&+1 & :i* correspond to ! dignity ( a rational & immortal nature4 ,,an ,,enlight5$ ,,m9d4--,on ! o!r h&1 ! man ^: m9d is irradiat$ ) ! light ( sub/antial sci5ce has views1 & feel+s1 & exquisite enjoym5ts to :i* ! =m] is an entire /rang]4 ,9 consequ5ce ( ! num]\s & multif>i\s ideas he has acquir$1 he is introduc$1 z x 71 into a new _w1 :]e he is ent]ta9$ ) sc5es1 objects1 & movem5ts1 ( :i* ! m9d envelop$ 9 ignorance c =m no conception4 ,he c trace back ! /ream ( "t to its comm5cem5t1 &1 glid+ along its d[nw>d c\rse1 c survey ! mo/ memorable ev5ts :i* h happ5$ 9 e "p ( its progress1 f ! primeval ages to ! pres5t day2 ! rise ( empires1 ! fall ( k+s1 ! revolutions ( nations1 ! battles ( w>riors1 & ! important ev5ts :i* h foll[$ 9 _! tra92 ! progress ( civilization1 & ( ! arts & sci5ces2 ! judgm5ts :i* h be5 inflict$ on wick$ nations1 ! dawn+s ( ,div9e m]cy t[>d our fall5 race1 ! manife/ation ( ! ,son ( ,god 9 our nature1 ! physical *anges & revolutions :i* h tak5 place 9 ! con/itution ( our globe2 9 %ort1 ! :ole ( ! lead+ ev5ts 9 ! *a9 ( div9e disp5sation1 f ! beg9n+ ( ! _w to ! p]iod 9 :i* we live4 ,) 8 m5tal eye ! enlight5$ man c survey ! t]raque\s globe 9 all its v>iety ( aspects2 he c contemplate ! cont95ts1 isl&s1 & oceans :i* surr\nd its ext]ior2 ! num]\s riv]s by :i* x is ind5t$2 ! l(ty ranges ( m\nta9s :i* div]sify its surface2 its w9d+ cav]ns2 its =e/s1 lakes1 & s&y des]ts2 its :irlpools1 boil+ spr+s1 & glaci]s2 its sulphur\s m\nta9s1 bitum9\s lakes1 & ! /ates & empires into :i* x is di/ribut$2 ! tides & curr5ts ( ! ocean2 ! iceb]gs ( ! pol> regions1 & ! v]dant sc5es ( ! torrid zone4 ,sitt+ at 8 fireside dur+ ! bla/s ( w9t]1 ! enlight5$ man c survey ! num]\s tribes ( mank9d scatt]$ ov] ! v>i\s climates ( ! e>?1 & ent]ta9 himself ) views ( _! mann]s1 cu/oms1 religion1 laws1 trade1 manufactures1 m>riage c]emonies1 civil & ecclesia/ical gov]nm5ts1 arts1 sci5ces1 cities1 t[ns1 & villages1 & ! animals peculi> to e region4 ,9 8 rural walks he c n only appreciate ! b5efic5ce ( ,nature1 & ! beauties & h>monies ( ! vegetable k+dom 9 _! ext]ior aspect1 b he c also p5etrate into ! hidd5 processes :i* are go+ on 9 ! roots1 trunks1 & leaves ( plants & fl[]s1 & contemplate ! num]\s vessels ?r\gh :i* ! sap is fl[+ f _! roots ?r\gh ! trunks & bran*es2 ! millions ( pores ?r\gh :i* _! odorif]\s effluvia exhale2 _! f9e & delicate texture2 _! microscopical beauties2 _! ord]s1 g5]a1 & species1 & _! uses 9 ! economy ( nature4 ,ev5 :5 %r\d$ 9 d>kness & 9 solitude1 :]e o!r m9ds c\ld f9d no enjoym5t1 ! man ( k c ent]ta9 himself ) ! mo/ sublime contemplations4 ,he c trace ! huge e>? we inhabit fly+ ?r\gh ! dep?s ( space1 c>ry+ along ) x its va/ population1 at ! rate ( sixty ?\s& miles e h\r1 &1 by ! incl9ation ( its axis1 br++ ab\t ! alt]nate succession ( summ] & w9t]1 ( se$-"t & h>ve/4 ,by ! aid ( 8 telescope he c transport himself t[>d ! moon1 & survey ! circul> pla9s1 ! deep cav]ns1 ! conical hills1 ! l(ty peaks1 & ! rugg$ & romantic m\nta9 sc5]y :i* div]sify ! surface ( ?is orb ( night4 ,by ! help ( ! same in/rum5t he c range ?r\gh ! planet>y sy/em1 w+ 8 way ?r\gh ! regions ( space along ) ! swifte/ orbs1 & trace _m ( ! physical aspects & revolutions :i* h a relation to di/ant worlds4 ,he c transport himself to ! planet ,saturn1 & behold a /up5d\s r+ six hundr$ ?\s& miles 9 circumf]5ce1 revolv+ 9 maje/ic gr&eur e t5 h\rs ar\nd a globe n9e hundr$ times l>g] ?an ! e>?1 :ile sev5 moons l>g] ?an ours1 along ) an innum]able ho/ ( />s1 display _! radiance to adorn ! firmam5t ( t magnific5t _w4 ,he c w+ 8 flight ?r\gh ! /ill m di/ant regions ( ! univ]se1 leav+ ! sun & all 8 planets beh9d him1 till !y appe> l a sc>cely disc]nible speck 9 creation1 & contemplate ?\s&s & millions ( />s & />ry sy/ems beyond ! range ( ! unassi/$ eye1 & w&] among ! suns & worlds disp]s$ ?r\gh\t ! b\ndless dim5sions ( space4 ,9 8 imag9ation he c fill up ^? blanks :i* a/ronomy has nev] directly explor$1 & conceive ?\s&s ( sy/ems & t5 ?\s&s ( worlds beyond all t is visible by ! optic tube1 /ret*+ out to inf9ity on e h&1 peopl$ ) intellig5ces ( v>i\s ord]s1 & all "u ! sup]9t5d5ce & gov]nm5t ( ! ,k+ ,et]nal1 ,immortal1 & ,invisible1 ^: p[] is omnipot5t1 & ! limit ( 8 dom9ions pa/ f9d+ out4 ,x is evid5t t a m9d capable ( su* excursions & contemplations z ,i h n[ suppos$ mu/ exp]i5ce enjoym5ts inf9itely sup]ior to ^? ( ! individual ^: s\l is envelop$ 9 intellectual d>kness4 ,if sub/antial happ9ess is *iefly situat$ 9 ! m9d2 if x dep5ds on ! multiplicity ( objects :i* lie )9 ! range ( its contemplation2 if x is augm5t$ by ! view ( sc5es ( beauty & sublimity1 & displays ( inf9ite intellig5ce & p[]2 if x is connect$ ) tranquillity ( m9d1 :i* g5]ally accompanies intellectual pursuits1 & ! subjugation ( ! pleasures ( s5se to ! dictates ( reason1 ! enlight5$ m9d mu/ enjoy gratifications z f> sup]ior to ^? ( ! ignorant z man is sup]ior 9 /ation & capacity to ! worms ( ! du/4 ,9 ord] to illu/rate ?is topic a little fur!r1 ,i %all select a few facts & d$uctions 9 relation to sci5ce1 :i* demon/rate ! int]e/+ nature & delightful t5d5cy ( sci5tific pursuits4 ,!re are sev]al record$ in/ances ( ! p[]ful effect :i* ! /udy ( a/ronomy has produc$ ^u ! human m9d4 ,dr4 ,ritt5h\se1 ( ,p5nsylvania1 aft] he _h calculat$ ! transit ( ,v5us1 :i* 0 to happ5 ,june #c;d1 #agfi1 0 appo9t$1 at ,philadelphia1 ) o!rs1 to repair to ! t[n%ip ( ,norri/on1 & !re to obs]ve ?is planet until its passage ov] ! sun's disc %\ld v]ify ! correctness ( 8 calculations4 ,?is occurr5ce _h nev] be5 witness$ b twice be=e by an inhabitant ( our e>?1 & 0 nev] to be aga9 se5 by any p]son !n liv+4 ,a ph5om5on s r>e1 & s important 9 its be>+s ^u a/ronomical sci5ce1 01 inde$1 well calculat$ to agitate ! s\l ( "o s alive z he 0 to ! great tru?s ( nature4 ,! day arriv$1 & !re 0 no cl\d on ! horizon4 ,! obs]v]s1 9 sil5ce & trembl+ anxiety1 await$ = ! pr$ict$ mom5t ( obs]vation to arrive4 ,x came1 & 9 ! in/ant ( contact1 an emotion ( joy s p[]ful 0 excit$ 9 ! bosom ( ,dr4 ,ritt5h\se t he fa9t$4 ,sir ,isaac ,newton1 aft] he _h advanc$ s f> 9 8 ma!matical pro( ( "o ( 8 great a/ronomical doctr9es z to see t ! result 0 to be triumphant1 0 s affect$ 9 view ( ! mom5t\s tru? he 0 ab\t to demon/rate t he 0 unable to proce$1 & begg$ "o ( 8 companions 9 /udy to relieve him1 & c>ry out ! calculation4 ,^! are /rik+ illu/rations1 & ! effect is p]haps height5$ f _! connection ) a mo/ sublime sci5ce1 all ( ^: conclusions /& 9 op5 contradiction ) ^? ( sup]ficial & vulg> obs]vation4 ,b ! discov]y & contemplation ( tru?s 9 philosophy1 *emi/ry1 & ! ma!matics h1 9 num]\s in/ances1 awak5$ k9dr$ emotions4 ,! enlight5$ man sees 9 e ?+ he beholds ^u ! surface ( ! e>?1 :e!r animal or vegetable1 & 9 ! v elem5ts !mselves1 no less ?an :5 contemplat+ ! wond]s ( a/ronomy1 in/ances innum]able illu/rative ( ! wisdom & b5efic5ce ( ! ,ar*itect1 all ( :i* has a direct t5d5cy to increase 8 happ9ess4 ,9 ! invisible atmosph]e :i* surr\nds him1 :]e o!r m9ds disc]n no?+ b an imm5se blank1 he beholds an assemblage ( wond]s1 & a /rik+ sc5e ( div9e wisdom & omnipot5ce4 ,he views ?is invisible ag5t n only z a mat]ial1 b z a comp\nd sub/ance1 compos$ ( two opposite pr9ciples1 ! "o ! s\rce ( flame & animal life1 & ! o!r de/ructive to bo?4 ,he p]ceives ! atmosph]e z ! ag5t "u ! ,almighty :i* produces ! g]m9ation & gr[? ( plants1 & all ! beauties ( ! vegetable creation2 :i* pres]ves wat] 9 a liquid /ate1 supports fire & flame1 & produces animal heat2 :i* su/a9s ! cl\ds1 & gives buoyancy to ! fea!r$ tribes2 :i* is ! cause ( w9ds1 ! vehicle ( smells1 ! m$ium ( s\nds1 ! s\rce ( all ! pleasures we d]ive f ! h>monies ( music1 ! cause ( ! univ]sal light & spl5dor :i* is diffus$ ar\nd u1 & ( ! advantages we d]ive f ! morn+ & ev5+ twilight4 ,he contemplates x z ! prime mov] 9 a v>iety ( ma*9es1 z impell+ %ips across ! ocean1 rais+ balloons to ! region ( ! cl\ds1 bl[+ our furnaces1 rais+ wat] f ! deepe/ pits1 ext+ui%+ fires1 & p]=m+ a ?\s& o!r b5efic5t ag5cies1 )\t :i* our globe w\ld cease to be habitable4 ,no "o c d\bt t all ^! views & contemplations h a direct t5d5cy to enl>ge ! capacity ( ! m9d1 to /imulate its faculties1 & to produce rational enjoym5t4 ,b !re is ano!r view ( ?is subject :i* is p]haps /ill m impressive4 ,! atmosph]e1 x has be5 /at$1 is a comp\nd sub/ance4 ,a k ( its elem5t>y pr9ciples1 :i* *emi/ry tea*es1 introduces its possessor to a new _w ( happ9ess4 ,! adaptation ( air to respiration1 & ! influ5ce ( a *ange 9 ! nature or proportion ( its elem5ts ^u heal? & longevity1 h already be5 consid]$4#ec ,we h se5 t c>bonic acid1 ! vitiat+ product ( respiration1 al?\gh imm$iately fatal to animals1 con/itutes ! v life ( vegetation2 t 9 ! gr[? ( plants ! vitiat$ air is purifi$ & fitt$ aga9 = ! su/5ance ( animal life2 & t1 by a b5efic5t provision ( ! ,creator1 animals & vegetables are ?us p]petually int]*ang+ k9dly (fices4 ,x w suffice = our pres5t purpose simply to rem9d ! read] t ! atmosph]e is compos$ ( ! two gases1 oxyg5 & nitrog51 unit$ 9 ! ratio ( "o to f\r by volume4 ,oxyg5 is a support] ( combu/ion1 nitrog5 is n4 ,increase ! proportion ( oxyg5 9 ! air1 & ! same sub/ances burn ) increas$ brilliancy2 b dim9i% ! proportion gradually1 & !y w burn m & m dimly until !y become ext9ct4 ,iron & /eel1 z well z wood & ! ord9>y combu/ibles1 w burn ) great brilliancy 9 pure oxyg54 #ec ,see ,*apt] ,,iv41 especially f ! #hi? page to ! #aje?4 ,wat]1 ,i may add1 is compos$ ( ! two gases1 oxyg5 & hydrog54 ,! =m]1 z we h se51 is a support] ( combu/ion1 & ! latt] is "o ( ! mo/ combu/ible sub/ances kn[n4 ,^! two gases are ne>ly two ?\s& times m volum9\s ?an _! equival5t ( wat]1 &1 :5 ignit$1 !y comb9e ) explosive en]gy4 ,if1 !n1 ! ,creator 7 to decompose ! atmosph]e t surr\nds ! e>? to ! height ( =ty-five miles1 & ! wat] t re/s ^u its surface1 ei!r or bo? ( !m1 ! oxyg51 be+ specifically heavi] ?an ! nitrog5 or hydrog51 w\ld settle imm$iately ^u ! e>?1 &1 com+ 9 contact ) fires "h & !re1 its :ole surface w\ld1 9 an in/ant ( "t1 be envelop$ 9 "o g5]al conflagration1 & ! day ( ! ,"l1 spok5 ( 9 ! ,scriptures1 9 :i* ! heav5s %all pass away ) a great noise1 & ! elem5ts %all melt ) f]v5t heat1 ! e>? also1 & ! ?+s !re9 %all be burn$ up1 w\ld be spe$ily u%]$ 94 ,he :o und]/&s ! fir/ pr9ciples ( *emical sci5ce c n fail to p]ceive h[ readily 7& 9 p]fect accordance ) laws well und]/ood7 su* a g5]al conflagration w\ld take place 7 ! great ,ar*itect simply to resolve ^! two elem5ts--air & wat]--into _! con/itu5t p>ts4 ,h[ full ( mean+ to su* a "o are ! words ( ! ,psalmi/1 ,! heav5s decl>e ! glory ( ,god1 & ! firmam5t %[e? 8 h&iwork4 ,"o m illu/ration mu/ suffice4 ,all fluids1 except wat]1 contract 9 volume z !y become cold] to ! po9t ( congelation4 ,b ! po9t ( greate/ d5sity 9 wat] is ab\t eight degrees above freez+4 ,z ! temp]ature ( ,,all fluids increases above ?is po9t1 _! volume increases4 ,z ! temp]ature ( all fluids1 ) ! s+le exception ( ,,wat]1 decreases1 ! volume decreases d[n to ! freez+ po9t4 ,wat] increases 9 d5sity z x becomes cold] until x rea*es ! temp]ature ( =ty degrees--eight degrees above ! freez+ po9t--:5 x beg9s to exp&4 ,?is only exception to ! g5]al law ( fluids is ( great] importance 9 ! economy ( nature ?an mo/ p]sons are consci\s (4 ,z ! cold season advances 9 ! temp]ate & frigid zones1 ! wat] 9 our lakes & riv]s is r$uc$ to ! temp]ature ( =ty degrees2 b at ?is po9t1 by a b5efic5t provision ( an ,all-wise ,provid5ce1 ! upp] sub/ratum becomes specifically light]1 & is conv]t$ into a cov]+ ( ice1 :i*1 re/+ ^u ! wat] b5ea?1 protects x f freez+4 ,moreov]1 :5 wat] is conv]t$ into ice1 "o hundr$ & =ty degrees ( heat are giv5 out1 a "p ( :i*1 ent]+ into ! wat] bel[1 ret>ds ! fur!r =mation ( ice4#ed #ed ,i may "h add1 t exactly ! rev]se is true 9 ! melt+ ( sn[ & ice4 ,x requires z mu* heat to conv]t ^! solids into fluids1 )\t at all increas+ _! temp]ature1 z x does to raise ! temp]ature ( wat] f ! freez+ po9t1 "o hundr$ & =ty degrees1 or f ?irty-two to "o hundr$ & sev5ty-two degrees1 z indicat$ by ! !rmomet]4 ,?is pr9ciple is ( va/ importance to ! _w1 & p>ticul>ly to ! inhabitants ( cold c\ntries1 :]e ! gr\nd is cov]$ ) sn[ & ice a "p or ! :ole ( ! ye>4 ,! transition f ! cold ( w9t] to ! heat ( summ]1 9 "s ( ! nor!rn climates1 takes place )9 a few days4 ,9 ^! climates1 also1 !re are va/ accumulations ( sn[ & ice1 :i*1 b = ?is pr9ciple1 w\ld be conv]t$ into wat] z soon z ! temp]ature ( ! atmosph]e becomes above ?irty-two degrees1 :i* w\ld produce a flood suffici5t to inundate & de/roy ! :ole c\ntry4 ,b ! uni=m action ( ?is law r5d]s ! melt+ ( sn[ gradual1 & no su* accid5t ensues4 ,a simil> law is obs]v$ 9 ! conv]sion ( wat] into vapor1 :i* is ( great use 9 enabl+ u to cool ap>tm5ts by spr9kl+ floors or hang+ up moi/5$ clo?s4 ,! heat ( ev5 a :ole city is 9 l mann] greatly mod]at$ by frequ5tly spr9kl+ ! /reets4 ,x is on ?is acc\nt t g5tle %[]s 9 hot wea!r are s cool+ & refre%+4 ,if wat]1 l o!r fluids1 cont9u$ to increase 9 d5sity to ! freez+ po9t1 ! cold air ( w9t] w\ld rob ! wat] ( our lakes & riv]s ( its heat1 until ! :ole 0 r$uc$ to ! temp]ature ( ?irty-two degrees2 :51 b = ! circum/ance to :i* we h j allud$1 x w\ld be imm$iately conv]t$ into a solid mass ( ice f top to bottom1 caus+ in/ant dea? to e animal liv+ 9 x4 ,! l[] /rata ( su* a mass ( ice w\ld nev] aga9 become liquefi$4 ,?is is a /rik+ pro( ( ! b5efic5ce & design ( ! ,creator 9 =m+ wat] ) su* an exception to ! ord9>y laws ( nature1 & a k ( x c h>dly fail to ex]t a mo/ salut>y1 elevat+1 & ennobl+ influ5ce on ! m9d ( its possessor4 ,! field ( human happ9ess1 !n1 ) ! virtu\s1 seems to enl>ge 9 proportion z a k ( ! works & laws ( ! b5efic5t ,creator is ext5d$4 ,!re is little gr\nd = d\bt z to :at is ,,god',s ,,w 9 relation to ! univ]sal education ( ! family ( man1 :5 he has connect$ ) ! ex]cise ( m9d 9 ! /udy ( 8 works sup]ior enjoym5ts & heav5ly aspirations4 ,! v>i\s propositions /at$ & elucidat$ 9 ?is *apt]1 we ?9k1 are z fully e/abli%$ z any moral tru?s ne$ be1 &1 we d\bt n1 !y comm5d !mselves to ! judgm5t & consci5ce ( all :o h c>efully p]us$ ! prec$+ pages1 if1 inde$1 !y _h n be5 duly consid]$ & adopt$ be=e4 ,if1 !n1 a sy/em ( univ]sal education1 judici\sly adm9i/]$1 w\ld dissipate ! evils ( ignorance1 :i* are legion2 if x w\ld greatly increase ! productiv5ess ( labor2 if x w\ld dim9i%--n to say ext]m9ate--paup]ism & crime2 if x w\ld prev5t ! great majority ( fatal accid5ts t are con/antly occurr+ 9 e community2 if x w\ld save ! lives ( a hundr$ ?\s& *ildr5 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates e ye>1 & z _m m puny survivors f dragg+ out a mis]able exi/5ce 9 consequ5ce ( be+ ! (fspr+ ( ignorant or vici\s p>5ts2 if x w\ld prev5t s mu* ( idiocy1 & w\ld humanize ^? :o are born idiots only1 b h hi!rto be5 p]mitt$1 nay1 doom$ to die ,,brutes2 if x w\ld prev5t s mu* insanity1 & w\ld save to society & _! family & fri5ds1 clo!d & 9 _! "r m9d1 multitudes ( e g5]ation :o n[ dwell 9 m5tal d>kness & gloom2 if x w\ld increase ! sum total ( human happ9ess 9 proportion to its excell5ce1 & ! numb] ( p]sons :o are br\ght "u its b5ign influ5ce & uplift+ p[]2 if x w\ld d all ?is--& t ?is is its legitimate t5d5cy !re c be no d\bt--x w\ld seem t no enlight5$ community c\ld be f\nd 9 any c\ntry1 & especially t !re c be no /ate 9 ?is ,union1 t w\ld n at once resolve ^u ma9ta9+ a sy/em ( univ]sal education by op5+ ! doors ( improv$ free s*ools to all h] sons & daught]s1 &1 if ne$ be1 employ+ ag5ts1 vigilant & active1 to g out into ! highways & h$ges1 & compel !m to come 94 ,if ?is is n done1 ?\s&s & t5s ( ?\s&s ( e g5]ation w cont9ue to lead *e]less lives1 & w g d[n to _! graves l ! brute t p]i%e?1 )\t kn[+ t ,he :o gave to man life has also1 9 8 goodness1 :i* kn[s no b\nds1 provid$ t 9 ! prop] ex]cise ( 8 faculties man %all f9d an inexhau/ible s\rce ( happ9ess4#ee #ee ,9 ! annual report ( ! ,tru/ees ( ! ,new ,engl& ,in/itution = ! ,education ( ! ,bl9d = ! ye> #ahcd1 ?is beautiful passage occurs3 ,! expression ( "o ( ! pupils1 't %e _h nev] kn[n1 be=e %e began to le>n1 t x 0 a happ9ess to be alive1' may be appli$ to _m4 ,,*apt] ,,ix4 ,,political ,,necessity ,,( ,,national ,,education4 ,9 proportion z ! /ructure ( a gov]nm5t gives =ce to public op9ion1 x is ess5tial t public op9ion %\ld be enlight5$4--,,wa%+ton4 ,i d n hesitate to affirm n only t a k ( ! true pr9ciples ( gov]nm5t is important & useful to ,am]icans1 b t x is absolutely indisp5sable to c>ry on ! gov]nm5t ( _! *oice1 & to transmit x to _! po/]ity4--,,judge ,,/ory4 ,e succe$+ section ( ! la/ *apt] w5t to %[ m & m cle>ly t1 9 proportion z ! b5ign influ5ces ( a correct education are diffus$ among & enjoy$ by ! memb]s ( any community1 w exi/+ evils ( e k9d be dim9i%$1 & bless+s be increas$ 9 numb] & degree4 ,! subject ( popul> education1 !n1 claims1 & %\ld receive1 ! sympa?y & active support ( e philan?ropi/ & ,*ri/ian1 )\t reg>d to c\ntry or clime4 ,we come n[ to consid] a topic 9 :i* e patriot1 & especially e true ,am]ican1 z su*1 mu/ feel a lively int]e/4 ,e citiz5 ( our wide-spread c\ntry %\ld be fully p]suad$ t ! education ( ! p is ! only p]man5t basis ( national prosp]ity n only1 b ( national ,,safety4 ,?is1 9 !ory1 is n[ conc$$1 & ! importance ( education is v g5]ally admitt$ among m51 especially 9 our own c\ntry4 ,x is evid5t1 h[ev]1 t ! conviction ( its importance is n s deeply inwr\ght into ! m9d ( society z x ought to be1 = x does n manife/ itself ) all ! p[] ( e>ne/ feel+ 9 behalf ( education :i* ! subject1 9 view ( its ackn[l$g$ weight9ess1 ju/ly dem&s4 ,! objects & advantages ( education h]et(ore consid]$ apply equally to m5 ( e nation & clime1 "u :atev] =m ( gov]nm5t !y may *ance to dwell4 ,x is o!rwise 9 reg>d to ! political necessity ( popul> education4 ,"h a p>ticul> tra9+ is requir$ to fit m5 = ! gov]nm5t "u :i* !y are to live4 ,9 despotic gov]nm5ts1 ! object ( popul> education is to make good subjects1 :ile ^u u devolves ! high] responsibility ( s educat+ ! p t !y may become n only good subjects1 b good ,,sov]eigns--all p[] orig9at+ 9 & return+ to ! sov]eign p4 ,only sev5ty-f\r ye>s ago1 our fa!rs ( ! ev]-memorable ,revolution pl$g$ =tune1 life1 & sacr$ honor to e/abli% ! indep5d5ce ( ^! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,"u ! fo/]+ c>e ( republican in/itutions1 ! tide ( population roll$ rapidly inl&1 cross+ ! ,alleganies1 sweep+ ov] ! va/ ,valley ( ! ,mississippi1 nor re/+ 9 its onw>d c\rse until x settl$ on ! wat]s ( ! ,columbia & ! %ores ( ! ,pacific4 ,previ\s to ! ,revolution>y w>1 ! ,engli% settlem5ts 7 conf9$ to ! ,atlantic coa/2 n[ ! tide ( immigration seems to be to ! %ores ( ! ,pacific1 :]e /ates are multiply+ & cities spr++ up z by magic4 ,9 a little m ?an half a c5tury1 ! /ates ( ! ,union h increas$ 9 numb] f ?irte5 to ?irty1 & 9 population 9 a ratio hi!rto unprec$5t$1 f ?ree millions to tw5ty-five millions ( s\ls4 ,we /& 9 ! same relation to po/]ity t our ance/ors d to u4 ,ea* g5]ation has duties ( its own to p]=m2 & our duties1 ?\gh widely diff]5t f ^? ( our =efa!rs1 are n less important 9 _! "* or less b9d+ 9 _! obligations4 ,x 0 _! duty to f\nd or e/abli% our in/itutions1 & nobly did !y p]=m x4 ,x is our especial & appropriate duty to p]fect & p]petuate ! in/itutions we h receiv$ at _! h&s4 ,! boon !y w\ld bequea? to ! late/ po/]ity c nev] rea* & bless !m except ?r\gh our in/rum5tality4 ,^u ea* pres5t g5]ation re/ ! duty & ! obligation ( educat+ & qualify+ = usefulness t :i* imm$iately succe$s1 ^u :i*1 9 turn1 w devolve a l responsibility4 ,ea* succe$+ g5]ation w1 9 ! ma91 be :at ! prec$+ has made x4 ,f ?is responsible ag5cy !re is1 !re c be1 no escape4 ,tru/s1 responsibilities1 & int]e/s1 va/] 9 am\nt & m sacr$ 9 "* ?an h ev]1 9 ! provid5ce ( ,god1 be5 committ$ to any p1 are n[ intru/$ to u4 ,! great exp]im5t ( ! capacity ( man = self-gov]nm5t is be+ tri$ anew--an exp]im5t :i*1 :]ev] x has be5 tri$1 has fail$1 ?r\gh an incapacity 9 ! p to enjoy lib]ty )\t abus+ x4 ,we are1 ,i d\bt n1 n[ educat+ ! v g5]ation dur+ ^: lifetime ?is great "q w be decid$4 ,! pres5t g5]ation w1 to a great ext5t1 be responsible = ! result1 :atev] x may be4 ,we are1 !re=e1 call$ ^u1 z ,am]ican citiz5s & ,*ri/ian philan?ropi/s1 to d all t 9 u lies to secure to ?is exp]im5t a successful issue2 to make ?is ! lead+ nation ( ! e>?1 & a model wor?y ( imitation by all o!rs4 ,nev] be=e ?is has a nation be5 plant$ ) s hopeful an opportunity = becom+ ! univ]sal b5efactor ( ! race4 ,if = ! next fifty ye>s ! population ( ^! ,am]ican ,/ates %all cont9ue to increase z dur+ ! la/ fifty1 we %all exce$ a hundr$ millions2 & 9 a c5tury1 all[+ ! same ratio ( increase1 ! population w equal t ( ! ,old ,_w4 ,"h1 !n1 is a cont95t to be fill$ ) innum]able millions ( human be+s1 :o may be happy ?r\gh our wisdom1 b :o mu/ be mis]able ?r\gh our folly4 ,we may disreg>d su* consid]ations1 b we c n escape ! trem5d\s responsibilities roll+ 9 ^u u 9 view ( ! relations we su/a9 to ! pa/ & ! future4 ,we delight to honor1 9 words1 ^? h]oes & m>tyrs f :om we h receiv$ ! ri* boon ( civil & religi\s lib]ty4 ,let u !n1 9 de$s1 imitate ! examples we pr(ess to admire1 & contribute our full quota1 z individuals & z a g5]ation1 t[>d p]fect+ & p]petuat+ ! in/itutions we h receiv$1 t !y may be enjoy$ by ^? c\ntless millions :o are to succe$ u 9 ?is broad empire4 ,9 ?is exig5cy1 to adopt ! language ( an enlight5$ practical educator & em95t /atesman1 we ne$ f> m ( wisdom & rectitude ?an we possess4 ,prep>ations = our pres5t condition h be5 s long neglect$1 t we n[ h a d\ble duty to p]=m4 ,we h n only to propitiate to our aid a ho/ ( good spirits1 b we h to exorcise a ho/ ( evil ones4 ,e aspect ( our affairs1 public & private1 demon/rates t we ne$1 = _! successful managem5t1 a va/ accession to ! common /ock ( intellig5ce & virtue4 ,b intellig5ce & virtue are ! product ( cultivation & tra9+4 ,!y d n spr+ up spontane\sly4 ,we ne$1 !re=e1 unexampl$ alacrity & en]gy 9 ! application ( all ^? influ5ces & means :i* promise ! sure/ & readie/ returns ( wisdom & probity1 bo? public & private4 ,:5 ! ,decl>ation ( ,indep5d5ce 0 c>ri$ into effect1 & ! ,con/itution ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates 0 adopt$1 ! civil & political relations ( ! g5]ation !n liv+1 & ( all succe$+ ones1 7 *ang$4 ,m5 7 no long] ! same m51 b 7 clo!d ) new rights & responsibilities4 ,up to t p]iod1 s f> z gov]nm5t 0 conc]n$1 !y might h be5 ignorant2 inde$1 x has g5]ally be5 held t :]e a man's only duty is ob$i5ce1 x is bett] t he %\ld be ignorant2 = :y %\ld a bea/ ( burd5 be end[$ ) ! s5sibilities ( a man6 ,up to t p]iod1 s f> z gov]nm5t 0 conc]n$1 a man might h be5 unpr9cipl$ & flagiti\s4 ,he _h no access to ! /atute-book to alt] or repeal its provisions1 s z to scre5 8 own violations ( ! moral law f puni%m5t1 or to legalize ! impov]i%m5t & ru9 ( 8 fell[-be+s4 ,b ) ! new in/itutions1 !re came new relations1 & an imm5se accession ( p[]s4 ,new tru/s ( inappreciable value 7 devolv$ ^u ! old ag5ts & ^u _! successors1 irrevocably4 ,) ! *ange 9 ! organic /ructure ( our gov]nm5t1 !re %\ld h be5 correspond+ *anges 9 all public measures & in/itutions4 ,= e doll> giv5 by ! weal?y or by ! /ate to colleges to cultivate ! high] bran*es ( k1 a hundr$ %\ld h be5 giv5 = prim>y education4 ,= e acre ( l& be/[$ ^u an academy1 a prov9ce %\ld h be5 grant$ to common s*ools4 ,select s*ools = select *ildr5 %\ld h be5 disc>d$1 & univ]sal education %\ld h jo9$ h&s ) univ]sal suffrage4#ef #ef ,f an ,oration deliv]$ be=e ! ,au?orities ( ! ,city ( ,bo/on1 ,july #d?1 #ahdb1 by ,horace ,mann1 ,secret>y ( ! ,massa*usetts ,bo>d ( ,education4 ,9 ! simple/ =m ( civil gov]nm5t1 !re mu/ exi/ a legislative1 a judicial1 & an executive dep>tm5t4 ,b no expression ( ! national w 9 a sy/em ( laws c be suffici5tly def9ite to sup]s$e ! necessity ( a p]petual succession ( ,legislatures to supply defects1 & to meet em]g5cies z !y arise4 ,h[ev] well-in=m$ m5 may be1 & h[ev] pure ! motives by :i* !y are actuat$1 all exp]i5ce ha? %[n t subjects w come up = consid]ation t w /rike diff]5t m9ds 9 a v>iety ( =ms4 ,?is1 9 a popul> gov]nm5t1 gives rise to oppos+ p>ties4 ,e man1 !n1 9 ca/+ 8 vote = memb]s ( ! ,legislature1 ne$s to und]/& :at important que/ions w be likely to come be=e t bran* ( ! gov]nm5t = settlem5t1 to h exam9$ !m 9 _! v>i\s be>+s1 & to h delib]ately made up 8 op9ion 9 relation to ! int]e/s involv$1 9 ord] to vote und]/&+ly2 o!rwise he w be z likely to oppose z to promote1 n only ! welf>e ( ! /ate1 b 8 own mo/ *]i%$ int]e/s4 ,! same rem>k t has be5 made 9 relation to ! legislative dep>tm5t w apply to bo? ! judicial & executive1 & to ! g5]al gov]nm5t z well z to ! sev]al /ate gov]nm5ts4 ,:5 ! appo9t$ day arrives = decid+ ! v>i\s que/ions ( /ate & national policy :i* divide m5 into oppos+ p>ties1 !re c be no delay4 ,^! v>i\s & conflict+ que/ions mu/ be decid$1 :e!r mu* or little prep>ation has be5 made1 or none at all4 ,&1 :at is mo/ extraord9>y1 ea* vot] helps to decide e "q :i* agitates ! community z mu* by n vot+ z by vot+4 ,if ! "q is s va/ or s complicat$ t any "o has n "t to exam9e & make up 8 m9d 9 relation to x1 or if any "o is too consci5ti\s to act f conjecture 9 cases ( magnitude1 & !re=e /ays f ! polls1 ano!r1 :o has no scruples ab\t act+ ignorantly1 or f caprice1 or malevol5ce1 votes1 &1 9 ! abs5ce ( ! =m]1 decides ! "q aga9/ ! "r4 ,h[ev] simple our gov]nm5t may be 9 !ory1 x has prov$1 9 practice1 ! mo/ complex gov]nm5t on e>?4 ,m que/ions = legislative int]position1 & = judicial exposition & con/ruction1 h already aris5 "u x1 t5 to "o1 ?an h aris5 dur+ ! same l5g? ( "t "u any o!r =m ( gov]nm5t 9 ,*ri/5dom4 ,we are a ,union ( ?irty /ates2 a great nation compos$ ( ?irty sep>ate nations2 & ev5 beyond ^!1 ! conf$]acy is responsible = ! fate ( va/ t]ritories1 ) _! increas+ population1 & ( num]\s ,indian tribes4 ,among ! compon5t /ates1 !re is ! greate/ v>iety ( cu/oms1 in/itutions1 & religions4 ,!n we h ! deep] inbr$ diff]5ces ( language & ance/ry among u1 our population be+ made up ( ! l9eage ( all nations4 ,our indu/rial pursuits1 also1 are v>i\s2 &1 ) a great natural div]sity ( soil & climate1 !y mu/ always cont9ue to be s4 ,moreov]1 across ! v c5t] ( our t]ritory a l9e is drawn1 on "o side ( :i* all labor is volunt>y1 :ile on ! opposite side a sy/em ( involunt>y s]vitude prevails4 ,if1 !n1 g5]al intellig5ce & popul> virtue are necess>y = ! successful adm9i/ration ( ev5 ! simple/ =ms ( gov]nm5t1 & if ^! qualities are requir$ 9 a high] & /ill high] degree 9 proportion to ! complexity ( a gov]nm5t1 !n are bo? intellig5ce & virtue necess>y 9 ?is gov]nm5t to an ext5t indef9itely beyond :at has ev] be5 requir$ 9 any o!r4 ,& especially is ?is true :5 we consid] t our gov]nm5t is repres5tative z x reg>ds ! p1 & f$]ative z x reg>ds ! /ates2 & t1 9 ?is respect1 x has no prec$5t on ! file ( nations4 ,we h5ce require a d\ble portion ( g5]al intellig5ce & practical wisdom4 ,b m5 are n born 9 ! possession ( ^! requisites to self-gov]nm5t1 nei!r are !y necess>ily develop$ 9 ! gr[? f infancy to manhood4 ,!y are ! product ( cultivation & tra9+1 & c be secur$ only ?r\gh good s*ools op5$ to & enjoy$ by all our y\?4 ,! /ability ( ?is gov]nm5t requires t univ]sal education %\ld prec$e univ]sal suffrage4 ,"u a free gov]nm5t1 ! intellig5ce ( ! p1 c\pl$ ) _! virtue1 w be f\nd to be a sure index to a nation's prosp]ity1 & to ! individual & social well-be+ ( all :o enjoy its protection4 ,god is a be+ ( inf9ite wisdom & goodness1 & no "p ( 8 gov]nm5t c be successfully adm9i/]$ except ^u ! pr9ciples ( k & virtue4 ,! success t att5ds a nation ( freem5 w dep5d ^u ! ext5t to :i* ^! are cultivat$1 & ! univ]sality ( _! dissem9ation 9 ! body politic4 ,:ile ! cultivation ( ^! w increase ! safety ( ! gov]nm5t1 _! neglect w ha/5 its d[nfall4 ,judge ,/ory1 9 a lecture ^u ! importance ( ! sci5ce ( gov]nm5t z a bran* ( popul> education1 has well rem>k$1 t x is n to rul]s & /atesman alone t ! sci5ce ( gov]nm5t is important & useful4 ,x is equally indisp5sable = e ,am]ican citiz51 to enable him to ex]cise 8 own rights1 to protect 8 own int]e/s1 & to secure ! public lib]ties & ! j op]ations ( public au?ority4 ,a republic1 by ! v con/itution ( its gov]nm5t1 requires1 on ! "p ( ! p1 m vigilance & con/ant ex]tion ?an any o!r =m ( gov]nm5t4 ,! ,am]ican ,republic1 above all o!rs1 dem&s f e citiz5 unceas+ vigilance & ex]tion1 s9ce we h delib]ately disp5s$ ) e gu>d aga9/ dang] or ru9 except ! intellig5ce & virtue ( ! p !mselves4 ,x is f\nd$ on ! basis t ! p h wisdom en\gh to frame _! own sy/em ( gov]nm5t1 & public _s en\gh to pres]ve x2 t !y c n be *eat$ out ( _! lib]ties1 & !y w n submit to h !m tak5 f !m by =ce4 ,we h sil5tly assum$ ! fundam5tal tru? t1 z x nev] c be ! int]e/ ( ! majority ( ! p to pro/rate _! own political equality & happ9ess1 s !y nev] c be s$uc$ by flatt]y or corruption1 by ! intrigues ( faction or ! arts ( ambition1 to adopt any measures :i* %all subv]t !m4 ,if ?is confid5ce 9 ourselves is ju/ifi$--& :o among ,am]icans does n feel a pride 9 endeavor+ to ma9ta9 x8--let u nev] =get t x c be ju/ifi$ only by a wat*fulness & zeal 9 proportion to our confid5ce4 ,let u nev] =get t we mu/ prove ourselves wis]1 bett]1 & pur] ?an any o!r nation ev] has yet be51 if we are to c\nt ^u success4 ,e o!r republic has fall5 by ! discords & trea*]y ( its own citiz5s4 ,x has be5 said by "o ( our own dep>t$ /atesm51 himself a dev\t admir] ( popul> gov]nm5t1 t p[] is p]petually /eal+ f ! _m to ! few4 ,! in/itutions ( a republic are endang]$ by ! ignorance ( ! masses on ! "o h&1 & by intellig5t1 b unpr9cipl$ & vici\s aspirants to (fice & places ( emolum5t on ! o!r4 ,:]e ^! two classes coexi/ to any consid]able ext5t1 ! safety ( ! republic is jeop>d$2 = !y h a /rong sympa?y ) ea* o!r1 & x is ! con/ant policy ( ! latt] to increase ! numb] ( ! =m]4 ,!y ar\se _! passions & /imulate _! appetites1 & !n lead !m 9 a way !y "k n4 ,a b>rel ( :isky1 or ev5 ( h>d cid]1 ) a hurrah6 w control t5 to "o m ( ?is class ( vot]s ?an w ! s\nde/ argum5ts ( enlight5$ & honorable /atesm54 ,& yet "o ( ^! votes ?us procur$1 :5 deposit$ 9 ! ballot-box1 c\nts ! same z ! vote ( a ,wa%+ton or a ,frankl96 ,!re is "o rem$y1 & b "o1 = ?is al>m+ /ate ( ?+s1 :i* prevails to a less or great] ext5t 9 almo/ e community4 ,t rem$y is simple4 ,x consi/s 9 ! e/abli%m5t ( s*ools = ! education ( ! :ole p4 ,^! s*ools1 h[ev]1 %\ld be ( a m p]fect "* ?an ! majority ( ^? :i* h hi!rto exi/$4 ,9 !m ! pr9ciples ( morality %\ld be copi\sly int]m+l$ ) ! pr9ciples ( sci5ce4 ,cases ( consci5ce %\ld alt]nate ) lessons 9 ! rudim5ts4 ,! rule requir+ u to d to o!rs z we w\ld t !y %\ld d unto u1 %\ld be made z famili> z ! multiplication table1 & our y\? %\ld become z famili> ) ! practical application ( ! "o z ( ! o!r4 ,! lives ( great & good m5 %\ld be held up = admiration & example1 & especially ! life & "* ( ,jesus ,*ri/1 z ! sublime/ patt]n ( b5evol5ce1 ( purity1 & ( self-sacrifice ev] exhibit$ to mortals4 ,9 e c\rse ( /udies1 all ! practical & preceptive p>ts ( ! ,gospel %\ld be sacr$ly inculcat$1 & all dogmatical !ology & sect>ianism sacr$ly exclud$4 ,9 no s*ool %\ld ! ,bible be op5$ to reveal ! sword ( ! polemic1 b to unloose ! dove ( peace4 ,9 connection ) ! prec$+1 & 9 addition to ! bran*es n[ commonly taught 9 our s*ools1 ! /udy ( politics1 :i* has be5 beautifully def9$ z ! art ( mak+ a p happy1 %\ld be g5]ally introduc$4 ,i am n aw>e1 says an em95t juri/1#eg t !re are any solid objections :i* c be urg$ aga9/ introduc+ ! sci5ce ( gov]nm5t into our common s*ools z a bran* ( popul> education4 ,if x %\ld be said t x w h a t5d5cy to introduce p>ty cre$s & p>ty dogmas into our s*ools1 ! true answ] is1 t ! pr9ciples ( gov]nm5t %\ld be !re taught1 & n ! cre$s or dogmas ( any p>ty4 ,! pr9ciples ( ! ,con/itution "u :i* we live2 ! pr9ciples ^u :i* republics g5]ally are f\nd$1 by :i* !y are su/a9$1 & ?r\gh :i* !y mu/ be sav$2 ! pr9ciples ( public policy1 by :i* national prosp]ity is secur$1 & national ru9 av]t$--^! c]ta9ly are n p>ty cre$s or p>ty dogmas1 b are fit to be taught at all times & on all occasions1 if any ?+ :i* belongs to human life & our own condition is fit to be taught4 ,if we wait until we c gu>d ourselves aga9/ e possible *ance ( abuse be=e we introduce any sy/em ( in/ruction1 we %all wait until ! curr5t ( "t has fl[$ into ! ocean ( et]nity4 ,!re is no?+ :i* ev] has be5 or ev] c be taught )\t "s *ance ( abuse2 nay1 )\t "s absolute abuse4 ,ev5 religion itself1 our true/ & our only la/+ hope & consolation1 has n escap$ ! common infirmity ( our nature4 ,if x nev] _h be5 taught until x c\ld be taught ) ! purity1 simplicity1 & en]gy ( ! apo/olic age1 we ourselves1 in/ead ( be+ bless$ ) ! bright & balmy influ5ces ( ,*ri/ianity1 %\ld n[ h be5 grop+ our way 9 ! d>kness ( hea!nism1 or left to p]i% 9 ! cold & *e]less labyr9?s ( skepticism4 #eg ,joseph ,/ory1 be=e ! ,am]ican ,in/itute ( ,in/ruction4 ,"l ,br\gham1 "o ( ! mo/ p[]ful advocates ( popul> education 9 our day1 has made ! foll[+ rem>ks1 :i* c n be m fitly address$ to any p ?an to ! citiz5s ( ! ,am]ican ,/ates4 ,a s\nd sy/em ( gov]nm5t1 says ?is transatlantic writ]1 requires ! p to read & in=m !mselves ^u political subjects2 else !y are ! prey ( e quack1 e impo/or1 & e agitator :o may practice 8 trade 9 ! c\ntry4 ,if !y d n read2 if !y d n le>n2 if !y d n dige/ by discussion & reflection :at !y h read & le>n$2 if !y d n qualify !mselves to =m op9ions = !mselves1 o!r m5 w =m op9ions = !m1 n accord+ to ! tru? & ! int]e/s ( ! p1 b accord+ to _! own individual & selfi% int]e/1 :i* may1 & mo/ probably w1 be contr>y to t ( ! p at l>ge4 ,two v important inquiries "h naturally sugge/ !mselves to u3 !y are1 fir/1 :e!r !re is at pres5t 9 ?is c\ntry a degree ( intellig5ce suffici5t = ! wise adm9i/ration ( its affairs2 & secondly1 :e!r exi/+ provisions = ! education ( our c\ntry's y\? are adequate to ! wants ( a great & free p1 :o are endeavor+ to demon/rate to ! _w t great problem ( nations--! capability ( man = self-gov]nm5t4 ,we judge ( ! lit]>y atta9m5ts ( ! citiz5s ( a /ate or ( a nation1 z a :ole1 by comp>+ all ! individual memb]s !re( ) a giv5 /&>d1 & ( _! arrangem5ts = educat+ ! ris+ g5]ation by ! "* ( _! s*ools1 & ! proportion ( ! population t receive in/ruction 9 !m4 ,let u te/ ! exi/+ /&>d ( education 9 v>i\s /ates ( ?is ,union 9 bo? ( ^! respects4 ,,degree ,,( ,,popul> ,,intellig5ce4--,accord+ to ! c5sus ( #ahdj1eh ! total population ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates 01 9 r\nd numb]s1 sev5te5 millions4 ,( ?is numb]1 five hundr$ & fifty ?\s& 7 :ites ov] tw5ty ye>s ( age1 :o c\ld n read & write4 ,! proportion v>ies 9 diff]5t /ates1 f "o 9 five hundr$ & eighty-n9e 9 ,connecticut1 to "o 9 elev5 9 ,nor? ,c>ol9a4 #eh ,! c5sus = #ahej is n[ be+ tak54 ,:e!r its results w tell m favorably ^u ! g5]al int]e/s ( education 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates ?an ^? ( ! la/ c5sus1 rema9s to be se54 ,"s ( ! /ates dur+ ! la/ t5 ye>s h done nobly2 o!rs h evid5tly retrograd$4 ,we h also a tide ( =eign immigration p\r+ 9 ^u u hi!rto unprec$5t$1 av]ag+ a ?\s& a day = ! pa/ ye>1 all ( :om ne$ to be ,am]icaniz$4 ,if we exclude1 9 ! e/imate1 all color$ p]sons1 & :ites "u tw5ty ye>s ( age1 ! proportion w /& ?us3 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 "o to e twelve is unable to read & write4 ,! proportion v>ies 9 ! diff]5t /ates1 f "o 9 two hundr$ & n9ety-f\r 9 ,connecticut1 :i* /&s ! highe/1 to "o 9 ?ree 9 ,nor? ,c>ol9a1 :i* /&s ! l[e/4 ,9 ,t5nessee ! proportion is "o 9 f\r4 ,9 ,k5tucky1 ,virg9ia1 ,georgia1 ,s\? ,c>ol9a1 & ,arkansas1 ea*1 "o 9 five4 ,9 ,delaw>e & ,alabama1 ea*1 "o 9 six4 ,9 ,indiana1 "o 9 sev54 ,9 ,ill9ois & ,wiscons91 ea*1 "o 9 eight4 ,on ! bright] end ( ! scale1 next to ,connecticut1 9 :i* ! proportion is "o 9 two hundr$ & n9ety-f\r1 is ,new ,hamp%ire1 9 :i* ! proportion is "o 9 "o hundr$ & fifty-n9e4 ,9 ,massa*usetts x is "o 9 n9ety4 ,9 ,ma9e1 "o 9 sev5ty-two4 ,9 ,v]mont1 "o 9 sixty-?ree4 ,next 9 ord] comes ,mi*igan1 9 :i* ! proportion is "o 9 ?irty-n9e4#ei #ei ,accord+ to ! la/ c5sus1 !re 7 tw5ty /ates bel[ ,mi*igan1 & only five above h]4 ,b ev5 ?is e/imate1 favorable z x is 9 ! scale ( /ates1 does n all[ ,mi*igan an opportunity to appe> 9 h] true light1 = x is well kn[n t a great proportion ( ! illit]ate population ( ?is /ate is conf9$ to a few c\nties4 ,9 ,mack9aw & ,*ippewa c\nties !re is "o :ite p]son ov] tw5ty ye>s ( age to e five ( ! entire population t is unable to read & write4 ,9 ,ottawa1 "o 9 f\rte52 9 ,cass1 "o 9 tw5ty-two2 9 ,wayne & ,sag9aw1 ea*1 "o 9 ?irty-six4 ,on ! o!r h&1 !re 7 eight organiz$ c\nties 9 ! /ate 9 :i*1 accord+ to ! c5sus ref]r$ to1 !re 0 n a s+le :ite inhabitant ov] tw5ty ye>s ( age t 0 unable to read & write4 ,x is an int]e/+ fact1 at lea/ to p]sons resid+ 9 ! ,nor?we/1 t 9 ,ohio also 7on ! ,we/]n ,res]ve7 !re 7 sev5 su* c\nties1 mak+ fifte5 9 ^! two /ates1 :ile 9 all ,new ,engl& !re 7 b two--,frankl9 9 ,massa*usetts1 & ,essex 9 ,v]mont4 ,b ^! /atem5ts 9 relation to ! numb] ( p]sons 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates :o are unable to read & write1 al?\gh !y give ! fe>ful aggregate ( five hundr$ & fifty ?\s& ov] tw5ty ye>s ( age :o are de/itute ( ^! qualifications1 x is believ$1 fail to discov] mu* ( gross ignorance t is *]i%$ 9 v>i\s portions ( ! c\ntry2 = !re is no /ate 9 ! ,union1 nor any section ( a s+le /ate1 :]e m5 d n wi% to be acc\nt$ able to read & write4 ,! deputy m>%als :o took ! c5sus receiv$ _! comp5sation by ! head1 & n by ! day1 = ! "w done4 ,!y !re=e travel$ f h\se to h\se1 mak+ ! %orte/ practicable /ay at ea*4 ,m 0 requir$ ( !m ?an c\ld be ?or\ghly & accurately p]=m$ 9 ! "t all[$4 ,_! in=mants 7 subject$ to no te/4 ,9 ! abs5ce ( ! heads ( families1 ^: in=mation w\ld h be5 m reliable1 ! b>e ^w ( p]sons ov] sixte5 ye>s ( age 0 accr$it$4 ,x is1 moreov]1 well kn[n1 t no inconsid]able numb] ( p]sons gave false in=mation :5 inquir$ ( by ! deputies4 ,f ^! & o!r reasons1 x is believ$ t num]\s & important errors exi/ 9 ! c5sus2 & ?is op9ion is corroborat$ by a mass ( unque/ionable te/imony1 ( :i* ,i w introduce a specim54 ,! annual message ( ,gov]nor ,campbell1 ( ,virg9ia1 to ! ,legislature ( t /ate1 ! ye> imm$iately prec$+ t 9 :i* ! c5sus 0 tak51 cle>ly %[s t ! capacity to read & write 9 p]sons ov] tw5ty ye>s ( age 0 greatly ov]-e/imat$ 9 t /ate4 ,gov]nor ,campbell1 aft] /at+ t ! importance ( an effici5t sy/em ( education1 embrac+ 9 its compreh5sive & b5evol5t design ! :ole p1 c n be too frequ5tly recurr$ to1 goes on to rem>k z foll[s3 ,! /atem5ts furni%$ by ! cl]ks ( five city & bor\gh c\rts1 & n9ety-?ree ( ! c\nty c\rts1 9 reply to ! inquiries address$ to !m1 asc]ta9 t1 ( all ^? :o appli$ = m>riage lic5ses1 a l>ge numb] 7 unable to write _! names4 ,! ye>s select$ = ?is inquiry 7 ^? ( #ahag1 #ahbg1 & #ahcg4 ,! /atem5ts %[ t ! applicants = m>riage lic5ses = #ahag am\nt$ to #dfhb1 ( :om #aabg 7 unable to write2 #ejdh 9 #ahbg1 ( :om ! numb] unable to write 0 #aaff2 & 9 #ahcg ! applicants 7 #dfad1 & ( ^! ! numb] ( #ajdg 7 unable to write _! names4 ,f :i* x appe>s !re /ill exi/s a deplorable ext5t ( ignorance1 & t1 9 tru?1 x is h>dly less ?an x 0 tw5ty ye>s ago1 :5 ! s*ool fund 0 creat$4 ,! /atem5ts1 x w be rememb]$1 are p>tial1 n embrac+ q all ! c\nties1 & are1 moreov]1 conf9$ to "o sex4 ,! education ( females1 x is to be fe>$1 is 9 a condition ( mu* great] neglect4 ,!re are n[ 9 ! /ate two hundr$ ?\s& *ildr5 betwe5 ! ages ( five & fifte54 ,=ty ?\s& ( !m are report$ to be poor *ildr51 & ( !m only "o half to be att5d+ s*ools4 ,x may be safely assum$ t1 ( ^? possess+ prop]ty adequate to ! exp5ses ( a pla9 education1 a l>ge numb] are gr[+ up 9 ignorance1 = want ( s*ools )9 conv5i5t di/ances4 ,( ^? at s*ool1 _m d]ive little or no in/ruction1 ow+ to ! incapacity ( ! tea*]s1 z well z to _! culpable neglig5ce & inatt5tion4 ,?us ! numb] likely to rema9 un$ucat$1 & to gr[ up )\t j p]ceptions ( _! duties1 religi\s1 social1 & political1 is really ( appall+ magnitude1 & su* z to appeal ) affect+ e>ne/ness to a p>5tal ,legislature4 ,if !re %all appe> any want ( agreem5t betwe5 ^! /atem5ts & ! returns made by ! deputy m>%als1 no "o ne$ be 9 d\bt 9 relation to :i* has ! /ronge/ claims = cr$5ce4 ,^! /atem5ts 7 communicat$ by ! gov]nor ( a pr\d /ate to ! ,legislature 9 8 annual message4 ,unlike ! /ati/ics collect$ by ! m>%als1 ea* case 0 subject$ to an infallible te/2 = no man :o c\ld make a scrawl 9 ! similitude ( 8 "n w\ld submit to ! mortification ( mak+ 8 m>k1 & leav+ x on record 9 a writt5 application = a m>riage lic5se4 ,! requisition 0 made ^u ! (fic]s ( ! c\rts1 & ! evid5ce1 :i* 0 ( a docum5t>y or judicial "*1 is ! highe/ kn[n to ! law4 ,! result 01 t almo/ "o f\r? ( all ! m5 apply+ = m>riage lic5ses--m ?an ?irty-?ree hundr$ 9 ?ree ye>s--7 unable to write _! names6 ,& ,gov]nor ,campbell cle>ly intimates an op9ion t ! education ( females is 9 a condition ( mu* great] neglect6 ,9 r\nd numb]s1 ! free :ite population ( ,virg9ia ov] tw5ty ye>s ( age is ?ree hundr$ & ?irty ?\s&4 ,"o f\r? ( ?is numb] is eighty-two & a half ?\s&1 :i*1 accord+ to ! evid5ce pres5t$ by ,gov]nor ,campbell1 is ! l[e/ possible limit at :i* ! m9imum ( adults unable to read & write c be /at$4 ,b ! c5sus numb] is less ?an fifty-n9e ?\s&1 mak+ a diff]5ce ( ne>ly tw5ty-f\r ?\s&1 or m ?an =ty p] c5t4 ,!re are sev]al /ates ( ab\t ! same rank z ,virg9ia 9 ! educational scale4 ,k5tucky1 ,t5nessee1 & ,nor? ,c>ol9a s9k ev5 bel[ h]4 ,! la/-nam$ /ate1 ) a free :ite population ov] tw5ty ye>s ( age ( less ?an #baj1jjj1 has ! appall+ numb]1 ev5 accord+ to ! c5sus1 ( #ef1fji :o are unable to read & write4 ,9 o!r words1 =ty-two hundr$ m ?an "o f\r? ( ! :ole free population ov] tw5ty ye>s ( age are1 9 ! educational scale1 absolutely bel[ z]o4 ,n[ if to ! five hundr$ & fifty ?\s& free :ite population 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates ov] ! age ( tw5ty ye>s :o are unable to read & write1 z %[n by ! c5sus1 we add =ty p] c5t4 = its "u-e/imates1 z facts require u to d 9 ! case ( ,virg9ia1 x w\ld increase ! total to sev5 hundr$ & sev5ty ?\s&4 ,suppose "o f\r? ( ^! only are vot]s--t is1 d$uct "o half = females1 & all[ t "o half ( ! male moiety is made up ( p]sons ei!r betwe5 tw5ty & tw5ty-"o ye>s ( age1 or ( ^? :o are unnaturaliz$1 :i* is a mo/ lib]al all[ance :5 we consid] :]e ! great mass ( ignorance belongs1 & t ! numb] ( ignorant immigrants is mu* less at ! ,s\? ?an at ! ,nor?--& we h #aib1ejj vot]s 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates :o are unable to read & write4 ,n[1 at ! presid5tial election = ! same ye> t ! c5sus 0 tak51 :51 to use ! graphic language ( ano!r1 e vot] n absolutely 9 8 w9d+ %eet 0 c>ri$ to ! polls1 :5 ! h>ve/ field 0 s ?or\ghly swept t nei!r /ubble nor t>es 7 left = ! glean]1 ! majority = ! successful c&idate 0 #adf1jha1 m ?an #df1jjj less ?an ! e/imat$ numb] ( legal vot]s at t "t 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates unable to read & write4 ,at ?is election a l>g] majority ( ! electoral votes 0 giv5 = ! successful c&idate ?an 0 ev] giv5 to any o!r ,presid5t ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 ) ! exception ( ,mr4 ,monroe 9 #ahbj1 aga9/ :om !re 0 b "o vote4 ,g5]al ,h>rison's popul> majority1 also1 0 und\bt$ly ! l>ge/ by :i* any ,presid5t ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates has ev] be5 elect$1 ) ! exception above m5tion$ ( ,mr4 ,monroe1 & p]haps t ( ,g5]al ,wa%+ton at 8 second election4 ,& yet ?is majority1 l>ge z x 01 0 m ?an #df1jjj less ?an ! e/imat$ numb] ( our legal vot]s :o1 9 ! educational scale1 are absolutely bel[ z]o4 ,& !n x %\ld be borne 9 m9d t hundr$s ( ?\s&s :o are b>ely able to read & write may nev] h acquir$ a k ( ! true pr9ciples ( gov]nm5t1 :i*1 9 ! language ( ,judge ,/ory1 at ! head ( ?is *apt]1 is n only important & useful to ,am]icans1 b is absolutely indisp5sable to c>ry on ! gov]nm5t ( _! *oice1 & to transmit x to po/]ity4 ,x %\ld also be borne 9 m9d t popul> virtue is n less ess5tial to ! /ability ( a free gov]nm5t ?an is g5]al intellig5ce4 ,nay1 m2 if ! lib]ties ( ?is republic are m endang]$ by any "o class ( p ?an by all o!rs1 t class consi/s ( intellig5t b unpr9cipl$ political aspirants4 ,! connection betwe5 ignorance & vice has already be5 ref]r$ to1 & is well kn[n among intellig5t m52 b by none s well1 x may be1 z by ! unpr9cipl$ aspirant1 :o1 by p&]+ to ! vici\s appetites ( ! ignorant & ! vile1 & !n by base flatt]y pron\nc+ !m highly intellig5t1 enlight5$1 & civiliz$1 take advantage ( _! v want ( qualification to manufacture political capital4 ,^! are !y to :om ,"l ,br\gham ref]s :5 he says1 o!r m5 w =m op9ions = !m1 n accord+ to tru? & ! int]e/s ( ! p1 b accord+ to _! own individual & selfi% int]e/1 :i* may1 & mo/ probably w1 be contr>y to t ( ! p at l>ge4 ,we c n1 !n1 avoid com+ to ! unwelcome & dread conclusion t !re is n at pres5t 9 ?is c\ntry a suffici5t degree ( intellig5ce & virtue = ! wise1 or ev5 ! safe adm9i/ration ( its affairs4 ,x rema9s to consid] :e!r exi/+ provisions = ! education ( our c\ntry's y\? are adequate to ! wants ( ! ,am]ican p4 ,,exi/+ ,,provisions ,,= ,,education4--,( ! sev5te5 millions ( p]sons 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 accord+ to ! la/ c5sus1 #c1gbf1jhj--"o 9 five ( ! entire population--7 free :ite *ildr5 betwe5 ! ages ( five & fifte5 ye>s4 ,?is is ! l[e/ e/imate ,i h ev] kn[n made ( ! ages betwe5 :i* *ildr5 %\ld regul>ly att5d s*ool4 ,! ages usually /at$ betwe5 :i* *ildr5 g5]ally %\ld att5d s*ool at lea/ t5 mon?s dur+ ! ye>1 are f f\r to sixte51 or f f\r to eighte5 ye>s1 & sometimes f f\r to tw5ty or tw5ty-"o ye>s4 ,b :at is ! actual att5dance ^u ! prim>y & common s*ools ( ! c\ntry8 ,x is only #a1hde1bdd1 or1 to v>y ! expression & give x m def9it5ess1 ! total numb] ( *ildr5 9 att5dance ^u all our s*ools1 any "p ( ! ye>1 is tw5ty ?\s& less ?an "o half ( ! free-born :ite *ildr5 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates betwe5 ! ages ( five & fifte5 ye>s6 ,& !n x %\ld be borne 9 m9d t ! same g5]al motives :i* w\ld lead to an "u-/atem5t 9 reg>d to ! numb] ( p]sons unable to read & write1 w\ld lead to an ov]-/atem5t 9 reg>d to ! numb] ( ^? att5d+ s*ool4 ,! educational /ati/ics ( "s ( ! /ates1 made out by compet5t & fai?ful s*ool (fic]s1 %[ t ! :ole numb] ( s*ol>s t att5d$ s*ool any "p ( ! "t dur+ ! s*ool ye> #ahdj-da--! ye> ! c5sus 0 tak5--0 sev]al ?\s& less ?an ! numb] accord+ to ! c5sus4#fj #fj ,9 ,massa*usetts1 accord+ to a /atem5t made by ! ,secret>y ( ! ,bo>d ( ,education1 ! :ole numb] ( s*ol>s :o 7 9 all ! public s*ools any "p ( ! s*ool ye> #ahdj-da 0 b #aee1jda1 & ! av]age att5dance 01 9 ! w9t]1 #aaf1cih1 & 9 ! summ]1 #if1hjb2 :ile ! numb] giv5 9 ! c5sus is #aeh1cea1 :i* is great] by #ccaj ?an ! entire numb] t att5d$ s*ool any "p ( ! ye>1 accord+ to ! returns1 & #ee1gea m ?an ! av]age att5dance = half ( ! ye>4 ,if we 7 to embrace 9 ! e/imate ! :ole numb] ( /ud5ts 9 att5dance at ! univ]sities1 colleges1 academies1 & sem9>ies ( le>n+ ( e grade1 x w\ld n mat]ially v>y ! result1 = all ^! tak5 toge!r are less ?an "o t5? "p ( ! numb] 9 att5dance ^u ! common s*ools4 ,t ! numb] ( *ildr5 att5d+ s*ools ( any grade is less ?an might be inf]r$ f ! =ego+ /atem5ts1 w be app>5t :5 we consid] ! foll[+ facts4 ,9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 tak5 toge!r z a :ole1 only "o p]son 9 t5 ( ! population att5ds any s*ool :atev] any "p ( ! ye>4 ,n[ x is well kn[n t a l>ge numb] ( *ildr5 "u five ye>s ( age att5d s*ool 9 _m p>ts ( ! c\ntry1 & a mu* great] numb] t are ov] fifte5 ye>s ( age4 ,i h already said t ! entire numb] ( *ildr5 9 att5dance ^u all our s*ools is tw5ty ?\s& less ?an "o half ( ! entire numb] ( free-born :ite *ildr5 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates betwe5 ! ages ( five & fifte5 ye>s4 ,?is leaves two millions ( *ildr5 un9/ruct$4 ,we %all h a m j view ( ! scant9ess ( our provisions = adequate national education if to ?is numb]1 appall+ z x is1 we add ! total numb] ( ^? att5d+ "u five & ov] fifte5 9 v>i\s portions ( ! c\ntry4 ,aga93 no "o supposes t 9 any "p ( ! ,union adequate provisions are made = ! education ( ! ris+ g5]ation1 ev5 9 a s+le /ate4 ,b 9 ! ,new ,engl& /ates1 & 9 ,new ,york & ,mi*igan1 "o f\r? "p ( ! entire population att5d s*ool "s "p ( ! ye>4 ,?is is twice & a half ! g5]al av]age ?r\gh\t ! ,union1 & m ?an five times ! av]age att5dance 9 ! majority ( ! rema9+ /ates4 ,9 r\nd numb]s1 ! proportion ( ! entire population t att5d s*ool 9 ! diff]5t /ates ( ! ,union is1 accord+ to ! c5sus1 9 ,ma9e1 ,new ,hamp%ire1 & ,v]mont1 ea*1 "o 9 ?ree4 ,9 ,mi*igan1#fa ,massa*usetts1 ,connecticut1 & ,new ,york1 ! proportion is "o 9 f\r4 ,9 ,rhode ,isl&1 x is "o 9 five4 ,9 ,ohio & ,new ,j]sey1 ea*1 "o 9 six4 ,9 ,p5nsylvania1 "o 9 eight4 ,9 no o!r /ate is ! proportion m ?an "o 9 t51 :ile 9 t5 /ates x is less ?an "o 9 tw5ty-five4 #fa ,9 det]m9+ ! proportion = ?is /ate1 ! c5sus = #ahde & ! s*ool returns = t ye> 7 ! data us$4 ,9 ! o!r /ates ,i h be5 oblig$ to use ! c5sus returns ( #ahdj4 ,9 fix+ ?is proportion1 ! ne>e/ :ole numb] has be5 us$4 ,9 no /ate is ! proportion 9 att5dance ^u ! s*ools z high z "o 9 ?ree4 ,mi*igan heads ! /ates 9 :i* ! proportion is "o 9 f\r4 ,9 ?is /ate ! proportion is some:at great] ?an "o 9 f\r2 x is1 h[ev]1 ne>] ?is ?an "o 9 ?ree4 ,9 ! o!r /ates ! proportion is less ?an "o 9 f\r4 ,! /ates are all arrang$ accord+ to ! size ( ! fraction1 !re be+ less diff]5ce 9 ! att5dance 9 ,v]mont & ,mi*igan ?an 9 ! latt] /ate & ,new ,york4 ,at ! "t ! la/ c5sus 0 tak51 ,mi*igan _h rec5tly be5 admitt$ into ! ,union1 & ! /ate gov]nm5t be+ b j organiz$1 ! s*ool sy/em _h only gone p>tially into op]ation4 ,accord+ to ! c5sus ( #ahdj1 ! proportion 9 att5dance ^u ! s*ools ( ?is /ate 0 only "o 9 sev54 ,dur+ ! int]val f #ahdj to #ahde1 at :i* "t ! c5sus ( ?is /ate 0 aga9 tak51 ! population _h increas$ f two hundr$ & twelve ?\s& to upw>d ( ?ree hundr$ ?\s&1 %[+ an increase ( ab\t fifty p] c5t42 ! numb] ( prim>y s*ools _h increas$ f less ?an t5 ?\s& to m ?an tw5ty ?\s&1 mak+ an increase ( m ?an "o hundr$ p] c5t42 & ! att5dance ^u ^! s*ools _h advanc$ f ?irty ?\s& to sev5ty-six ?\s&1 giv+ ! v rem>kable increase ( "o hundr$ & fifty p] c5t4 9 five ye>s1 :51 z already /at$1 ! proportion 9 att5dance ^u ! common s*ools 0 m ?an "o 9 f\r ( ! entire population4 ,& dur+ ! next two ye>s ! numb] ( *ildr5 9 att5dance ^u ! s*ools increas$ f sev5ty-six ?\s& to "o hundr$ & eight ?\s&1 %[+ an advance ( m ?an =ty p] c5t4 f #ahde to #ahdg4 ,x is gratify+ to "k t ?is important int]e/1 :i* und]lies all o!rs1 is receiv+ increas$ att5tion 9 v>i\s portions ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,among ! mo/ /rik+ illu/rations t ,i h notic$ ( ^! indications ( national improvem5t1 ,i w in/ance two4#fb ,! foll[+ int]e/+ items ( fact are glean$ f an address by ! sup]9t5d5t be=e ! public s*ools ( ,new ,orleans1 ,febru>y #bb;d1 #ahej--;a mo/ befitt+ day = a s*ool celebration4 ,^! /ati/ics /rike u m =cibly :5 we consid] t !y relate to ! metropolis ( ! ,s\?1 & to ! capital ( a /ate 9 :i*1 accord+ to ! la/ c5sus1 only "o p]son 9 "o hundr$ receiv$ in/ruction 9 ! prim>y & common s*ools ( ! /ate4 ,! public s*ools ( ! second municipality ( ,new ,orleans 7 e/abli%$ 9 #ahdb1 compris+ at t "t less ?an ?ree hundr$ pupils4 ,n[ ! con/ant att5dance is upw>d ( ?ree ?\s&--t5 times :at x 0 eight ye>s ago4 ,b ev5 ?is increase1 l>ge z x may seem1 is n suffici5t to con/itute ! proportion 9 att5dance ^u ! s*ools ( ! /ate ev5 "o 9 fifty ( ! entire population4 #fb ,my in=mation is d]iv$ f ! ,s\!rn ,j\rnal ( ,education = ,may1 #ahej--;a mon?ly = ! promotion ( popul> intellig5ce1 publi%$ f ,knoxville1 ,t5n4--,samuel ,a4 ,jewett1 ,editor & ,publi%]4 ,?is j\rnal is ably conduct$1 & has n[ rea*$ its ?ird volume4 ,?is c]ta9ly is a v enc\rag+ om51 especially :5 we consid] t x has s long surviv$ 9 a /ate :]e1 accord+ to ! la/ c5sus1 only "o 9 ?irty-?ree ( ! entire population att5d$ s*ool4 ,may x long cont9ue to d good s]vice 9 ?is important cause4 ,k5tucky furni%es ! o!r indication ( improvem5t :i* ,i propose to notice4 ,9 ?is /ate1 accord+ to ! la/ c5sus1 only "o 9 ?irty-?ree ( ! entire population att5d$ ! common s*ools dur+ any "p ( ! ye>4 ,! numb] ( *ildr5 at ! pres5t "t 9 t commonweal?1 z report$ by ! second auditor1 betwe5 ! ages ( five & sixte51 leav+ out ! color$ *ildr51 is "o hundr$ & n9ety-?ree ?\s&4 ,! numb] provid$ ) s*ools1 z report$ 9 #ahdg1 0 tw5ty-"o ?\s&2 9 #ahdh1 ?irty-?ree ?\s&2 & 9 #ahdi1 eighty-sev5 ?\s&2 %[+ a cle> advance 9 two ye>s ( sixty-six ?\s&4#fc ,b1 ) all ?is improvem5t1 "o hundr$ & five ?\s& *ildr5 d n d]ive any p]sonal b5efit f ! public s*ool sy/em4 ,9 o!r words1 eighte5 ?\s& m *ildr5 9 ?is /ate are /ill gr[+ up )\t in/ruction ?an z yet att5d ! s*ools4 ,& ! utt] inadequacy ( ! common s*ool privileges ( ev5 ^! w be app>5t :5 x is und]/ood t 9 ! great majority ( ! di/ricts m ?an n9e t5?s ( ! s*ools are taught b ?ree mon?s dur+ ! ye>4 #fc ,?is improvem5t well illu/rates ! advantages result+ to ! /ate f ! able & fai?ful sup]vision ( h] public s*ools4 ,a correspond5t ( ! ,baltimore ,am]ican speaks ( ! ,annual ,report ( ,,dr4 ,,rob]t ,,breck5ridge1 ,sup]9t5d5t ( ,public ,in/ruction1 to ! ,g5]al ,assembly ( ,k5tucky1 z foll[s3 ,x is ! mo/ important docum5t :i* has be5 submitt$ to t body dur+ ! pres5t session1 & reflects great cr$it ^u ! en]gy1 fidelity1 & compreh5sive aims ( ! sup]9t5d5t 9 ! dis*>ge ( 8 high duties4 ,x is n[ b two ye>s s9ce ,dr4 ,breck5ridge 0 appo9t$ to ! (fice1 & ! great s]vice he has r5d]$ to ! cause ( popul> education 9 ! /ate is /rik+ly exhibit$ 9 ! contra/ betwe5 ! pres5t condition ( ! common s*ools1 & t 9 :i* he f\nd !m :5 he receiv$ 8 appo9tm5t f ! ,bo>d ( ,education4 ,we h z yet only consid]$ ! great de/itution ( s*ools ( any k9d1 9 :i* ! moiety ( ! *ildr5 t att5d s*ool at all receive in/ruction1 & ! fact t v _m ( ^! are kept op5 b ?ree mon?s dur+ ! ye>4#fd ,! inadequacy ( exi/+ provisions = ! prop] education ( ! ris+ g5]ation w be m /rik+ly app>5t :5 we consid] ! incompet5cy (1 ,i may p]haps safely say1 ! majority ( p]sons :o are put 9 *>ge ( ! public s*ools ( ! c\ntry4 ,x is readily conc$$ t1 9 ^? /ates :]e education has receiv$ mo/ att5tion1 !re are _m tea*]s :o are ?or\ghly furni%$ unto all good works4 ,b x is f> o!rwise ) ! majority ( tea*]s ev5 9 ! m favor$ /ates4 ,! te/imony ( ,gov]nor ,campbell already quot$1 w apply to ! tea*]s ( _m o!r /ates4 ,aft] speak+ ( ! l>ge numb] ( *ildr5 9 ,virg9ia t are gr[+ up 9 ignorance = want ( s*ools )9 conv5i5t di/ances1 he rem>ks1 t ( ^? at s*ool1 _m d]ive little or no in/ruction1 ow+ to ! incapacity ( ! tea*]s1 z well z to _! culpable neglig5ce & inatt5tion4 #fd ,ev5 9 ,massa*usetts ! av]age l5g? ( "t ! s*ools ( ! /ate cont9ue is less ?an eight mon?s1 & ! av]age cont9uance 9 sev]al ( ! c\nties is only five mon?s4 ,! av]age att5dance ^u ! s*ools = ! "t !y are kept op5 is sixty-two p] c5t4 ( ! numb] betwe5 ! ages ( f\r & sixte5 ye>s2 b 9 "s in/ances only tw5ty-six p] c5t4 ( ! *ildr5 9 a t[n--ab\t "o f\r? ( ! numb] )9 ! s*ool ages--att5d s*ool4 ,presid5t ,caldwell1 ( ! ,univ]sity ( ,nor? ,c>ol9a1 9 a s]ies ( lett]s on popul> education1 address$ to ! p ( t /ate a few ye>s ago1 proposes a plan = ! improvem5t ( common education4 ,! fir/ & greate/ exi/+ evil :i* he specifies is ! want ( qualifi$ tea*]s4 ,any "o :o kn[s h[ to read1 & write1 & ciph]1 x is said1 is reg>d$ z fit to be a s*oolma/]4 ,is a man1 rem>ks ,presid5t ,caldwell1 con/itutionally & habitually indol5t1 a burd5 ^u all f :om he c extract a support8 ,!n !re is "o way ( %ak+ him (f2 let u make him a s*oolma/]6 ,to tea* a s*ool is1 9 ! op9ion ( _m1 little else ?an sitt+ /ill & do+ no?+4 ,has any man wa/$ all 8 prop]ty1 or end$ 9 debt by indiscretion & misconduct8 ,! bus9ess ( s*ool-keep+ /&s wide op5 = 8 reception2 & "h he s9ks to ! bottom1 = want ( capacity to support himself4 ,has any "o ru9$ himself1 & done all he c\ld to corrupt o!rs by dissipation1 dr9k+1 s$uction1 & a c\rse ( irregul>ities8 ,nay1 has he return$ f a prison1 aft] an ignom9i\s atonem5t = "s violation ( ! laws8 ,he is de/itute ( "*1 & c n be tru/$2 b pres5tly he op5s a s*ool1 & ! *ildr5 are se5 flock+ to x2 =1 if he is will+ to act 9 t capacity--we %all all admit t he c read1 write1 & ciph] to ! squ>e root--he w make an excell5t s*oolma/]4 ,9 %ort1 x is no matt] :at ! man is1 or :at 8 mann]s or pr9ciples2 if he has escap$ ) 8 life f ! p5al code1 we h ! satisfaction to ?9k t he c /ill h cr$it z a s*oolma/]4 ,! ,georgia conv5tion ( tea*]s1 9 a publi%$ address1 aft] speak+ ( ! importance ( giv+ a m ext5d$ education to our y\? z citiz5s1 & giv+ an outl9e ( a lib]al sy/em ( popul> education1 g on to rem>k z foll[s3 ,alas6 h[ f> %\ld we be elevat$ above our pres5t level if all ( !m 7 ?us enlight5$6 ,b h[ _m sons & daught]s ( free-born ,am]icans are unable to read _! native language6 ,h[ _m g to ! polls :o are unable to read ! v *>t] ( _! lib]ties6 ,h[ _m1 by _! votes1 elect m5 to legislate ^u _! de>e/ int]e/s1 :ile !y !mselves are unable to read ev5 ! proce$+s ( ^? legislators :om !y h emp[]$ to act = !m6 ,9 acc\nt+ = ?is lam5table /ate ( ?+s1 ! committee ( ! ,conv5tion say1 ,we seem to =get t fir/ pr9ciples are1 9 education1 all-important pr9ciples2 t prim>y s*ools are ! places :]e ^! pr9ciples are to be e/abli%$1 & :]e su* direction w1 9 all probability1 be giv5 to ! m9ds ( our *ildr5 z w decide _! future "* 9 life4 ,h5ce ! idle1 & ! pr(ane1 & ! drunk51 & ! ignorant are employ$ to imp>t to our *ildr5 ! fir/ elem5ts ( k--are set be=e !m z examples ( :at lit]ature & sci5ce c accompli%6 ,& h5ce ! pr(ession ( s*oolma/]1 :i* %\ld be ! mo/ honorable1 is b too (t5 a t]m ( reproa*4 ,t o!r mo/ unwelcome & dread conclusion1 t exi/+ provisions = popul> education 9 ! ,unit$ ,slates are inadequate to ! requirem5ts ( a free p1 is1 !n1 9 view ( all ^! facts1 unavoidably =c$ ^u u4 ,9 ! "n ( ,*ri/ian philan?ropy1 9 ! "n ( patriotism1 !n1 ,i inquire :e!r !re is any gr\nd = hope t our free in/itutions may be transmitt$ unimpair$ to po/]ity4 ,) ! h]oes1 & sages1 & m>tyrs ( ! ,revolution1 to adopt ! language ( ano!r1 ,i believe 9 ! capability ( man = self-gov]nm5t1 my :ole s\l !reto mo/ joy\sly ass5t+4 ,nay1 if !re be any h]esy among m51 or blasphemy aga9/ ,god1 at :i* ! philosoph] might be all[$ to =get 8 equanimity1 & ! ,*ri/ian 8 *>ity1 x is ! h]esy & ! blasphemy ( believ+ & av[+ t ! inf9itely good & all-wise ,au?or ( ! univ]se p]si/s 9 creat+ & su/a9+ a race ( be+s :o1 by a law ( _! nature1 are =ev] doom$ to suff] all ! atrocities & agonies ( misgov]nm5t1 ei!r f ! h&s ( o!rs or f _! own4 ,! doctr9e ( ! inh]5t & necess>y disability ( mank9d = self-gov]nm5t %\ld be reg>d$ n simply ) d5ial1 b ) abhorr5ce2 n ) dispro( only1 b ) execration4 ,to sweep s f\l a cre$ f ! prec9cts ( tru?1 & utt]ly to consume x1 rhetoric %\ld become a :irlw9d1 & logic fire4 ,inde$1 ,i h nev] kn[n a man :o desir$ ! e/abli%m5t ( mon>*ical & ari/ocratical in/itutions among u1 :o _h n a m5tal res]vation t1 9 su* case1 he & 8 family %\ld belong to ! privileg$ ord]s4 ,/ill1 if ask$ ! broad "q :e!r man is capable ( self-gov]nm5t1 ,i mu/ answ] x conditionally4 ,if by man1 9 ! inquiry1 is meant ! ,fejee ,isl&]s2 or ! convicts at ,botany ,bay2 or ! p ( ,mexico & ( "s ( ! ,s\? ,am]ican ,republics1 s call$2 or ^? z a class1 9 our own c\ntry1 :o c nei!r read nor write2 or ^? :o c read & write1 & :o possess tal5ts & an education by =ce ( :i* !y get treasury1 or po/-(fice1 or bank appo9tm5ts1 & !n abscond ) all ! money !y c /eal1 ,i answ] unhesitat+ly t man1 or r su* m51 are n fit = self-gov]nm5t4 ,b if1 on ! o!r h&1 ! inquiry be :e!r mank9d are n end[$ ) ^? g]ms ( intellig5ce & ^? susceptibilities ( goodness by :i*1 "u a p]fectly practicable sy/em ( cultivation & tra9+1 !y are able to avoid ! evils ( despotism & an>*y1 & also ( ^? frequ5t *anges 9 national policy :i* are b "o remove f an>*y1 & to hold /eadfa/ly on _! way 9 an endless c>e] ( improvem5t1 !n1 9 ! full rapture ( t joy & triumph :i* spr+s f a belief 9 ! goodness ( ,god & ! progressive happ9ess ( man1 ,i answ]1 ,,!y ,,are ,,able4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,practicability ,,( ,,national ,,education4 ,! fir/ duty ( gov]nm5t1 & ! sure/ evid5ce ( good gov]nm5t1 is ! enc\ragem5t ( education4 ,a g5]al diffusion ( k is ! precursor & protector ( republican in/itutions2 & 9 x we mu/ confide1 z ! cons]vative p[] t w wat* our lib]ties1 & gu>d aga9/ fraud1 intrigue1 corruption1 & viol5ce4--,,de ,,witt ,,cl9ton's ,message to ! ,new ,york ,legislature1 #ahbf4 ,if good is to be done1 we mu/ br+ our m9ds1 z soon z possible1 to ! confession ( ! tru?1 t ! education ( ! p1 to be effectual1 mu/ "h1 z else:]e1 to a great ext5t1 be ! "w ( ! /ate2 & t an exp5se1 ( :i* all %\ld feel ! necessity1 & all w %>e ! b5efit1 mu/1 9 a j proportion1 be borne by all4--,,john ,,du]4 ,! desirabl5ess ( national or univ]sal education is n[ g5]ally admitt$ 9 all enlight5$ communities2 b !re are "s :o1 hone/ly no d\bt1 "q its practicability4 ,if !y provide = ! education ( _! own *ildr51 !y claim t !y h done all t duty or int]e/ requires !m to d4 ,!y ev5 av] t !re is absolute inju/ice 9 compell+ !m to contribute t[>d ! education ( ! *ildr5 ( o!rs4 ,n[ ^! v p]sons1 :5 call$ ^u annually by ! tax-ga!r] to contribute _! proportion = ! support ( paup]s--made s by idl5ess1 intemp]ance1 & o!r vices1 :i*1 z we h already se51 result f ignorance--d s *e]fully & ungrudg+ly1 & )\t compla9+ t !y support !mselves & _! families1 & t nei!r duty nor int]e/ requires !m to aid 9 ! ma9t5ance ( indig5t p]sons 9 ! community4 ,! ,poor ,laws ( our c\ntry1 9 ! case ( adults :o are unable to support !mselves1 require m]ely _! ma9t5ance4 ,b ) ref]5ce to _! *ildr51 m1 f ! v nature ( ! case1 is ne$$4 ,_! situation imp]atively dem&s n only a su/5ance1 b an education t %all enable !m 9 future ye>s to provide = !mselves4 ,! same humane reasons :i* lead civiliz$ communities to provide = ! ma9t5ance ( indig5t adults by legal enactm5ts1 be> ev5 m /rongly 9 ! case ( _! *ildr54 ,^! require su/5ance 9 common ) _! p>5ts4 ,b _! wants1 _! necessities1 /op n "h2 nei!r does ! well-be+ ( society ) ref]5ce to !m4 ,bo? alike require t su* *ildr51 9 common ) all o!rs1 be s tra9$ z to be enabl$ n only to provide = !mselves :5 !y arrive at mature ye>s1 b z %all be necess>y to qualify !m = ! dis*>ge ( ! duties ( citiz5%ip4 ,!n1 in/ead ( tax+ society = a support1 z _! p>5ts n[ d1 !y w contribute to ! elevation ( all ar\nd1 ev5 m l>gely ?an society has contribut$ to _! elevation4 ,let ! necess>y provision be made = ! education ( ! *ildr5 ( ! poor1 9 common ) all o!rs1 & successive g5]ations ( ! sons ( m5 w /eadily progress 9 k & virtue1 & 9 all t has a t5d5cy to elevate & ennoble human k9d4 ,b let _! education be neglect$1 & _! rank 9 society w ( necessity be l[]1 :5 comp>$ ) ! bett] educat$ & m favor$ classes1 ?an x w\ld h be5 only two or ?ree c5turies ago1 ev5 s9ce ! inv5tion ( ! art ( pr9t+ 9 #addj4 ,! reasons are evid5t4 ,until aft] ! inv5tion ( pr9t+ & ! multiplication ( books1 all ranks 71 9 relation to education1 ne>ly ^u a level4 ,b1 9 ! language ( ! adage1 ,k is p[]2 &1 s9ce k has be5 increas$1 ^? :o possess x are elevat$1 relatively & absolutely1 :ile ^? :o rema9 9 ! ignorance ( =m] g5]ations1 al?\gh _! absolute condition 9 ! scale ( be+ is un*ang$1 occupy1 nev]!less1 relatively1 a l[] place 9 society ?an !y w\ld h done _h !y liv$ 9 ! mid/ ( ! ,d>k ,ages4 ,:]ev] improv$ free s*ools h be5 ma9ta9$1 n only are ! *ildr5 ( ! poor 9 att5dance ^u !m elevat$ 9 ! scale ( intellectual1 social1 & moral be+1 b1 ?r\gh _! irresi/ible influ5ce1 _! degrad$ & besott$ p>5ts h be5 re=m$ & become law-abid+ subjects1 :5 all o!r means _h fail$ to rea* & influ5ce !m4 ,( ! tru? ( ?is /atem5t ,i am well p]suad$ f my own obs]vation4 ,i h also 9 my possession an abundance ( unque/ionable te/imony to ?is effect1 ga!r$ 9 cities1 t[ns1 & villages :i* h become celebrat$ = ! ma9t5ance ( a high ord] ( public s*ools4 ,! public1 !n1 on _m acc\nts1 are m int]e/$ 9 ! "r education ( poor *ildr5 ?an 9 ! pres]vation ( _! lives6 ,! latt] is c>efully provid$ =4 ,b if ?is only is done2 if _! bodies are f$ & clo!d1 )\t provid+ = ! su/5ance ( _! m9ds2 if we provide = _! wants z helpless "y animals m]ely1 b neglect to provide = _! necessities z spiritual & immortal be+s1 ! probabilities are t su* *ildr5 w become a pe/ to society1 :ile1 9 provid+ = _! prop] education1 we are sure ( mak+ !m good citiz5s1 ( con/itut+ !m a bless+ to ! _w t n[ is1 & ( bright5+ _! prospects = a bless$ immortality 9 t :i* is to come4 ,bi%op ,butl]1 9 a s]mon prea*$ 9 ,*ri/ ,*ur*1 ,london1 on *>ity s*ools1 ,may #i?1 #agde1 recognizes ! pr9ciple t ! prop]ty ( ! /ate %\ld educate ! *ildr5 ( ! /ate4 ,=m]ly1 says he1 n only ! education ( poor *ildr51 b also _! ma9t5ance1 ) t ( ! o!r poor1 7 left to volunt>y *>ities4 ,b great *anges ( diff]5t sorts happ5+ ov] ! nation1 & *>ity becom+ m cold1 or ! poor m num]\s1 x 0 f\nd necess>y to make "s legal provision = !m4 ,?is might1 mu* m prop]ly ?an *>ity s*ools1 be call$ a new s*eme2#fe =1 )\t "q1 ! education ( poor *ildr5 0 all along tak5 c>e ( by volunt>y *>ities1 m or less1 b oblig+ u by law to ma9ta9 ! poor 0 new 9 ! reign ( ,que5 ,elizabe?4 ,yet1 because a *ange ( circum/ances made x necess>y1 its novelty 0 no reason aga9/ x4 ,n[1 9 t legal provision = ! ma9t5ance ( ! poor1 poor *ildr5 mu/ d\btless h _h a "p 9 common ) gr[n p4 ,b ?is c\ld nev] be suffici5t = *ildr51 because _! case always requires m ?an m]e ma9t5ance2 x requires t !y be educat$ 9 "s prop] mann]4 ,:]ev] !re are poor :o want to be ma9ta9$ by *>ity1 !re mu/ be poor *ildr51 :o1 besides ?is1 want to be educat$ by *>ity2 & :5ev] !re began to be ne$ ( legal provision = ! ma9t5ance ( ! poor1 !re mu/ imm$iately h be5 ne$ also ( "s p>ticul> legal provision 9 behalf ( poor *ildr5 = _! education1 ?is n be+ includ$ 9 :at we call _! ma9t5ance4 #fe ,bi%op ,butl] is "h answ]+ ! objections ( "s p :o speak ( *>ity s*ools z a new-inv5t$ s*eme1 & !re=e to be look$ ^u ) suspicion2 :]eas x is no o!rwise new ?an z ! occasion = x is s4 ,n only is x ! duty ( society to provide food = ! m9ds z well z su/5ance = ! bodies ( poor *ildr51 b _! pecuni>y int]e/s equally require x2 =1 z ,butl] rem>ks1 if !y are n tra9$ up 9 ! way !y %\ld g1 !y w c]ta9ly be tra9$ up 9 ! way !y %\ld n g1 & 9 all probability w p]sev]e 9 x1 & become mis]able !mselves & mis*iev\s to society1 :i*1 9 ev5t1 is worse1 ^u acc\nt ( bo?1 ?an if !y _h be5 expos$ to p]i% 9 _! infancy4 ,i h already %[n1 by unque/ionable te/imony1 t p]sons :o possess ! greate/ %>e 9 ! /ock ( worldly goods are deeply int]e/$ 9 ! subject ( popul> education1 z "o ( m]e insurance2 t ! mo/ effectual way ( mak+ insurance ^u _! prop]ty w\ld be to contribute f x en\gh to su/a9 an effici5t sy/em ( common s*ool education1 !reby educat+ ! :ole mass ( m9d1 & con/itut+ x a police m effective ?an peace (fic]s or prisons4 ,i might elucidate ?is subject by illu/rations4 ,x has be5 e/imat$ t a qu>t] ( a million ( doll>s has be5 exp5d$ 9 ! c\nty ( ,philadelphia s9ce #ahcf = ! suppression ( riots occurr+ )9 its limits1 & 9 damages occasion$ by _! outrages & viol5ce1 to say no?+ ( p]sonal injuries & dea?s aris+ f ! same cause4 ,n[ x w be readily conc$$ by mo/ p]sons t half ( ?is sum judici\sly exp5d$ 9 organiz+ & support+ a suffici5t police1 & 9 giv+ ! lead]s & gangs engag$ 9 ^? riots an e>ly & suitable education1 :]eby !y w\ld h be5 taught to ?9k1 & feel1 & act z rational1 moral1 & acc\ntable be+s1 w\ld h prev5t$ ! commission ( su* crimes1 toge!r ) ! suff]+s & losses result+ !refrom1 & ! reproa* ?us br\ght ^u public & individual "*4 ,aga93 ,! :ole numb] ( paup]s reliev$ or support$ by public *>ity 9 ! s+le /ate ( ,new ,york1 9 ! ye> #ahdi1 accord+ to an au!ntic /atem5t n[ be=e me1 01 9 r\nd numb]s1 "o hundr$ ?\s&1 & ! entire exp5se ( _! support dur+ ! ye> 0 eight hundr$ & sev5 ?\s& doll>s1 a sum exce$+ by ?ree hundr$ & =ty ?\s& doll>s ! am\nt paid on rate-bills = tea*]'s wages = educat+ ! sev5 hundr$ ?\s& *ildr5 ( t great /ate6 ,( fifty ?\s& ( ^! paup]s1 ! causes ( ^: de/itution h be5 asc]ta9$1 ne>ly tw5ty ?\s& are attributable1 directly or indirectly1 to intemp]ance1 pr(ligacy1 lic5ti\sness1 & crime6 ,_h ev5 half ! am\nt t is n[ exp5d$ f ye> to ye> 9 _! support be5 judici\sly be/[$ ^u _! e>ly m5tal & moral culture1 :o c "q t1 in/ead ( n[ be+ a tax ^u ! communities 9 :i* !y reside1 & a burd5 to !mselves & a grief to _! fri5ds1 !y w\ld n only h provid$ = _! own ma9t5ance1 b w\ld h contribut$ _! due proportion to increase ! g5]al prosp]ity ( ! /ate4 ,great z is h] poor-tax1 ,new ,york contributes annually an imm5sely great] sum = ! support ( h] crim9al police2 = ! erection ( c\rt-h\ses1 & jails1 & p5it5ti>ies1 & h\ses ( correction2 = ! arre/1 trial1 conviction1 & puni%m5t ( crim9als1 & = _! support 9 prison & at ! v>i\s l&+-places on _! way to ! gall[s & to a premature & ignom9i\s dea?4 ,n[1 _h "o half ( ! money :i* ?is /ate has exp5d$ 9 ^! two ways be5 judici\sly be/[$ 9 ! e>ly education ( ^! un=tunate p]sons1 :o c "q t ! poor & crim9al taxes ( t /ate w\ld h be5 r$uc$ to less ?an "o t5? ( :at !y n[ are1 to say no?+ ( ! f\nta9s ( te>s t w\ld be ?us dri$ up1 & ( ! untold happ9ess t w\ld be enjoy$ by p]sons :o1 9 e g5]ation1 lead *e]less lives & die ignoble dea?s4 ,le/ "s p]sons may labor "u an errone\s impression 9 relation to ?is subject1 ,i w give ! /ati/ics ( education & crime 9 ,new ,york1 z d]iv$ f (ficial reports1 = ! la/ few ye>s4 ,( #aabb p]sons--! :ole numb] report$ by ! %]iffs ( ! diff]5t c\nties ( ! /ate z "u conviction & puni%m5t = crime dur+ ! ye> #ahdg--bb only _h a common education1 #aj only _h a tol]ably good education1 & only #f 7 well educat$4 ,( ! #acde crim9als s return$ 9 ! sev]al c\nties ( ! /ate = ! ye> #ahdh1 #bc only _h a common s*ool education1 #ac only _h a tol]ably good education1 & only #aj 7 consid]$ well educat$6 ,! returns = o!r ye>s give l results4 ,_h ! :ole elev5 or ?irte5 hundr$ ( ^! convicts be5 well educat$ in/ead ( only six or t5--& ! moral & religi\s education ( ev5 ^! 0 defective--h[ _m ( !m w\ld society be call$ ^u to support 9 prisons & p5it5ti>ies8 ,9 all probability1 z we %all h]eaft]1 ,i hope1 be able to %[1 ,,n ,,"o4 ,& :at is true ( ! city & c\nty ( ,philadelphia & ( ! ,/ate ( ,new ,york1 w apply to o!r cities1 c\nties1 & /ates ( ?is ,union4 ,once m1 & f9ally3 ,education1 z we h already se51 enables m5 to subdue _! passions1 & to improve !mselves 9 ! ex]cise ( all ! social virtues4 ,especially h we se5 t ! educat$ portions ( community1 ^: moral culture has be5 duly att5d$ to1 are habitually temp]ate1 :ile ! appetite ( ! uncultivat$ = intoxicat+ dr9ks is /rong]1 & _! p[] ( resi/ance less4 ,cut (f f ! s\rces ( enjoym5t :i* are ev] op5 to ^? ^: m9ds & he>ts are cultivat$1 no wond] !y seek = happ9ess 9 ! gratification ( appetite6 ,no wond] t =ty ?\s& ( ! citiz5s ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates annually die drunk>ds1 :5 we consid] t ?is is only "o 9 tw5ty ( ! numb] :o are unable to read & write6 ,! ,hon4 ,edw>d ,ev]ett has express$ ! op9ion t ! exp5ses ( ! manufacture & traffic ( intoxicat+ dr9ks 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates exce$ annually "o hundr$ & fifty millions ( doll>s4 ,g5]al ,c>y1 9 allud+ to ?is /atem5t1 says1 ,?is1 x is believ$1 is b an approximation to ! co/ ( ^! trades to ! p4 ,?is e/imate does n include ! money paid by consum]s1 :i* is worse ?an ?r[n away4 ,an ,engli% writ]1 well v]s$ 9 /ati/ics1 & hav+ access to ! mo/ reliable s\rces ( in=mation1 says t '! /rong dr9ks consum$ 9 ,engl& alone co/ ne>ly f\r hundr$ millions ( doll>s annually4' ,! exp5diture = ^! s\rces ( all evil 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates mu/ be equal1 at lea/1 to t ( ,engl&4#ff ,n[ "o half ( ?is sum w\ld ma9ta9 a sy/em ( common s*ools 9 e /ate ( ?is ,union equal 9 exp5se & effici5cy to t ( ,massa*usetts or ,new ,york4 #ff ,see ,tract on ,! ,liquor ,manufacture & ,traffic1 prep>$ by reque/ ( ! ,national ,division ( ! ,sons ( ,temp]ance1 by ,s4 ,f4 ,c>y1 ,mo/ ,wor?y ,patri>*4 ,b ,i ne$ n ext5d ^! obs]vations4 ,en\gh1 ,i tru/1 has be5 said to %[ t e ?+ connect$ ) ! good ( man & ! welf>e ( ! race dep5ds ^u ! att5tion we be/[ 9 p]fect+ our sy/ems ( public in/ruction & r5d]+ _! bless+s univ]sal4 ,i w !re=e close :at ,i h to say ^u ?is topic ) a summ>y ( ! conclusions we h arriv$ at 9 ! progress ( ! la/ two *apt]s4 ,we h se5 t a good sy/em ( common s*ool education--"o t is suffici5tly compreh5sive to embrace all our c\ntry's y\? 9 its b5evol5t design--w\ld free u z a p f a ho/ ( evils gr[+ out ( popul> ignorance2 t x w\ld increase ! productiv5ess ( labor1 z ! s*ools advance 9 excell5ce1 indef9itely2 t x w\ld save to society1 9 dim9i%+ ! numb] ( paup]s & crim9als1 a va/ am\nt ( means absorb$ 9 ! support ( ! =m]1 & 9 br++ ! latt] to ju/ice1 a tax :i* ^u e pres5t g5]ation is m ?an suffici5t = ! education ( ! next succe$+ "o2 t x w\ld prev5t ! great majority ( fatal accid5ts t are n[ depopulat+ communities :]ev] ignorance prevails2 t1 by imp>t+ a k ( ! organic laws1 ! obs]vance ( :i* is ess5tial to heal? & happ9ess1 x w\ld save ! lives ( a hundr$ ?\s& *ildr5 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates e ye>1 & t by promot+ longevity1 9 connection ) ! advantages already enum]at$1 x w\ld t5d m ?an all o!r means ( /ate policy to increase at once ! weal? & ! population ( our c\ntry2 t its legitimate t5d5cy w\ld be to dim9i%1 f g5]ation to g5]ation1 n only drunk5ness & s5suality 9 all its ,protean =ms1 b idiocy & insanity1 :i* result f a violation ( ! laws ( our be+1 :i* are ! laws ( ,god2 t x w\ld1 9 innum]able ways1 t5d to dim9i% ! suff]+s & mitigate ! woes incid5t to human life1 :ile x w\ld acqua9t man ) ! w ( ! b5evol5t ,creator1 & lead him to *]i% an habitual desire to yield ob$i5ce !reto2 & t x is ! only possible means ( p]fect+ & p]petuat+ ! ine/imable boon ( civil & religi\s lib]ty to ! late/ g5]ations1 & ?us secur+ to ! race ! maximum ( human happ9ess4 ,yes1 a sy/em ( popul> education adequate to ! requirem5ts ( ! /ates ( ?is ,union w d all ?is4 ,none1 !n1 x w\ld seem1 c fail to see t true /ate policy requires ! ma9t5ance ( improv$ free s*ools1 good en\gh = ! be/1 & *eap en\gh = ! poore/1 :i* are a necess>y means ( univ]sal education4 ,,*apt] ,x4 ,,! ,,means ,,( ,,univ]sal ,,education4 ,i w\ld recomm5d t ea* /ate %\ld raise a s*ool fund suffici5t = ! entire support ( ! s*ools2 t a suitable s*ool-h\se & app>atus1 ) a conv5i5t dwell+-h\se = ! tea*]1 be furni%$ by ! /ate = ea* di/rict2 & t e s*ool-h\se be suppli$ ) a well-qualifi$ tea*]1 :o %all receive f ! /ate a suitable comp5sation4--,,john ,,du]4 ,let !re be an educational dep>tm5t ( ! gov]nm5t1 & let its details be manag$ by prop] (fic]s1 acc\ntable to ! repres5tatives ( ! p4--,,dr4 ,,hawks4 ,we h already consid]$ ! nature ( education1 :i* has ref]5ce to ! :ole man & to ! :ole duration ( 8 be+4 ,we h se5 its importance to individuals & families1 to neighborhoods & communities1 to /ates & nations1 & t 9 proportion z x receives att5tion 9 any community1 w t community become prosp]\s & happy4 ,we may !n v prop]ly inquire aft] ! means to be put 9 requisition 9 ord] to r5d] ! bless+s ( education univ]sal among u4 ,to ! consid]ation ( ?is subject we %all devote ! rema9d] ( ?is "w4 ,my fir/ rem>k is1 t ,a correct public op9ion %\ld be =m$4 ,9 ! language ( ,bi%op ,pott]1 ,our p h absolutely ! control ov] ! :ole subject ( education1 n only z x respects _! own families1 b1 to a great ext5t1 9 s*ools & sem9>ies ( le>n+4 ,if1 !n1 ! p 7 fully awake to its importance & true nature1 we %\ld soon h a p]fect sy/em1 & we %\ld witness results f x = :i* we n[ look 9 va94 ,! =mation ( a correct public op9ion is ( ! utmo/ importance1 = ! prim>y cause ( all ! defects compla9$ ( 9 education1 & ! s\rce ( all ! evils t afflict ! community 9 consequ5ce ( its neglect1 is popul> indiff]5ce4 ,f ?is we h m to fe> ?an f all o!r causes comb9$4 ,opposition elicits discussion2 & discussion1 judici\sly conduct$1 evolves tru?2 & educational tru?s br\ght cle>ly be=e ! m9d ( any community w ultimately induce "r action4 ,m5 may at fir/ be influ5c$ by a comp>atively l[ class ( motives1 b "o :i* !y c appreciate4 ,z !y witness ! b5eficial effects ( re=m1 _! motives w gradually become m elevat$1 & _! ef=ts at improvem5t m con/ant2 b no important advance c be made )\t popul> enlight5m5t4 ,:5 ! majority ( ! individuals t compose any community come to value education z !y ought2 :5 !y duly e/imate its importance 9 ! v>i\s po9ts ( view already consid]$1 !n w _! public s]vants take m pa9s to co-op]ate ) !m 9 r5d]+ its bless+s univ]sal4 ,good laws are important z a means ( improv+ our sy/ems ( public in/ruction2 b good laws1 unsu/a9$ by a correct public op9ion1 w be ( no avail4 ,be=e any consid]able advance c be made ei!r 9 improv+ our s*ools or 9 caus+ ! att5dance ^u !m to become m g5]al1 a good common education--"o t %all give u s\nd m9ds 9 s\nd bodies2 "o t be/[s mu* att5tion ^u intellectual culture1 b m ^u ! culture ( ! he>t--mu/ come to be rank$ among ! necess>ies ( life4 ,conv5tions ( ! fri5ds ( education h already done mu* to correct popul> errors 9 relation to ?is subject1 & h contribut$ l>gely to ! =mation ( s\nd & rational views 9 relation to its importance 9 ! communities :]e !y h be5 held4 ,9 _m in/ances1 h[ev]1 !y h be5 compos$ too exclusively ( tea*]s4 ,^! %\ld1 inde$1 be 9 att5dance2 b to increase ! usefulness ( su* conv5tions1 & height5 ! effect !y may be made to produce ^u ! popul> m9d1 !re %\ld also be 9 att5dance memb]s ( ! sev]al le>n$ pr(essions1 /atesm51 capitali/s1 & all ! lead+ m9ds ( ! communities 9 :i* !y are held4 ,9 "s portions ( ! c\ntry ?is is n[ ! case1 b su* in/ances1 ,i regret to say1 are n yet v common among u4 ,f\r? ( ,july common s*ool celebrations h1 )9 ! pa/ few ye>s1 become q common 9 sev]al /ates ( ! ,union4 ,?is seems peculi>ly appropriate1 be+ a practical recognition ( ! importance ( prim>y s*ools & univ]sal education 9 a civil & political po9t ( view4 ,"o ( ! mo/ befitt+ celebrations ( ?is day :i* ,i h ev] kn[n 0 held 9 ,bo/on eight ye>s ago1 :5 an oration 0 deliv]$ be=e ! au?orities ( t city by ! ,secret>y ( ! ,massa*usetts ,bo>d ( ,education4 ,! !me ( ! orator 0 ! importance ( national or univ]sal education 9 a free gov]nm5t z ! int]e/ :i* und]lies all o!rs1 & z con/itut+ ! only means ( p]fect+ & p]petuat+ to ! late/ g5]ations ! in/itutions we h receiv$ f our fa!rs1 & a demon/ration t our exi/+ means = ! promotion ( intellig5ce & virtue are :olly inadequate to ! support ( a republican gov]nm5t4 ,su* celebrations %\ld be held 9 e /ate ( ?is ,union1 at e recurr+ anniv]s>y ( our national indep5d5ce1 until !re c n be f\nd a s+le individual 9 all our bord]s :o does n "k bo? 8 duties & 8 privileges z a freeman1 & :o has n virtue en\gh fai?fully to p]=m ! "o & temp]ately to enjoy ! o!r4 ,?is1 inde$1 seems to be 9 keep+ ) t mo/ impressive passage ( ! celebrat$ ,ord9ance ( ! ,am]ican ,congress1 adopt$ ,july #ac?1 #aghg1 :i* says1 ,,religion1 ,,morality1 ,,& ,,k ,,be+ ,,necess>y ,,to ,,good ,,gov]nm5t ,,& ,,! ,,happ9ess ,,( ,,mank9d1 ,,s*ools ,,& ,,! ,,means ,,( ,,education ,,%all ,,=ev] ,,be ,,enc\rag$4 ,! tw5ty-second ( ,febru>y has also be5 obs]v$1 to "s ext5t1 9 sev]al ( ! /ates1 by hold+ su* celebrations4 ,no?+ c be m appropriate ?an ^! ef=ts to ar\se ! popul> m9d to r5ew$ ef=ts to improve ! common s*ools ( ! l&1 :5 we consid] ! import ( t portion ( ! ,f>ewell ,address ( him1 ! anniv]s>y ( ^: bir? we celebrate1 :i* relates to popul> education4 ,promote1 z an object ( prim>y importance1 in/itutions = ! g5]al diffusion ( k4 ,!re c be no d\bt t ,,wa%+ton "h ref]s to ! ma9t5ance & improvem5t ( common s*ools z ! means ( univ]sal education4 ,! necessity ( improv+ our common s*ools & ( op5+ wide _! doors to all our y\? %\ld n only be ! !me at s*ool celebrations1 at educational conv5tions1 & on ! occasion ( our national anniv]s>ies1 b x %\ld be frequ5tly pres5t$ by ! civilian & ! div9e1 z well z by ! legislator & ! j\rnali/1 until m5 g5]ally well und]/& ! importance ( education1 & are will+ to make any sacrifices t may be necess>y to secure its advantages to _! own *ildr5 n only1 b to all our y\?4 ,,provisions ,,= ,,! ,,support ,,( ,,s*ools4--,! provisions :i* h be5 made = ! support ( s*ools may be r$uc$ to ?ree k9ds3 fir/1 by means ( funds2 second1 by taxation2 ?ird1 by a comb9ation ( bo? ( ^! me?ods4 ,connecticut1 :i* has a s*ool fund ( m ?an two millions ( doll>s1 long ago adopt$ ! fir/ plan nam$4 ,b ! ineffici5cy ( h] sy/em ( public in/ruction1 until )9 a few ye>s1 is prov]bial1 & af=ds conclusive evid5ce t a l>ge s*ool fund is ( little or no avail 9 ! abs5ce ( a correct public op9ion & a due appreciation ( ! importance ( education4 ,! improvem5ts 9 ! s*ools ( t /ate dur+ ! la/ few ye>s are n 9 consequ5ce ( any increase 9 h] s*ool fund1 b because ! importance ( ! subject has be5 s frequ5tly & impressively pres5t$ be=e ! public m9d1 by means ( lectures1 public discussions1 educational tracts1 s*ool j\rnals1 & 9 v>i\s o!r ways1 z to ov]come t popul> indiff]5ce :i* _h well-nigh preclud$ all advance4 ,! late improvem5ts 9 t /ate h tak5 place 9 spite ( ! s*ool fund r ?an because ( any aid d]iv$ f x4 ,dr4 ,wayl& has express$ ! op9ion t s*ool funds are valuable z a condim5t1 n z an alim5t2 & t !y %\ld nev] be s l>ge z to r5d] any consid]able degree ( p]sonal ef=t on ! "p ( ! p>5t unnecess>y4 ,?is is true only :5 a fund is s f> reli$ ^u z to slack5 p]sonal ef=t = ! improvem5t ( ! s*ools1 & to induce p>5tal & popul> indiff]5ce 9 relation to !m4 ,! second plan is by taxation1 & ,massa*usetts furni%es an example ( x4 ,9 mo/ ( ! c\nties ( ?is /ate !re are small local funds1 ! avails ( :i* are add$ to ! am\nt rais$ by tax = ! support ( s*ools4 ,!re are also /ill less am\nts appropriat$ f ! income ( ! surplus rev5ue = ! purpose ( increas+ ! educational advantages ( ! *ildr52 n to be subtract$ f1 b to be add$ to1 :at ! t[ns w\ld o!rwise grant4 ,we may1 !n1 consid] ! s*ool fund ( ?is /ate z embrac+ ! entire taxable prop]ty ( ! /ate1 f :i* su* a sum is annually rais$ by tax z is necess>y = ! support ( ! s*ools4 ,9 ,v]mont1 ,new ,hamp%ire1 & ,ma9e1 ! s*ools are support$ ess5tially z 9 ,massa*usetts1 ! diff]5ce be+ *iefly 9 ! mode ( taxation4 ,dr4 ,wayl&1 9 a lett] writt5 "s ye>s ago1 makes ! foll[+ rem>k 9 relation to ! support ( s*ools3 ,! be/ legislative provision ) :i* ,i am acqua9t$ is t ( ,ma9e4 ,!y h no fund :atev]1 b oblige e di/rict to raise = education a sum proportion$ to ! numb] ( its inhabitants or its prop]ty4 ,if a t[n or a di/rict neglects to d ?is1 x is liable to a f9e4 ,9 ^? /ates ^: sy/ems ( public in/ruction are be/ adm9i/]$--:i* h ! be/ s*ools1 & ! greate/ proportion ( ! population 9 att5dance ^u !m--! s*ools are g5]ally support$ almo/ entirely by a direct tax1 ! great pr9ciple t ,,! ,,prop]ty ,,( ,,! ,,/ate ,,%\ld ,,educate ,,! ,,*ildr5 ,,( ,,! ,,/ate be+ practically recogniz$4 ,x n only appe>s1 !n1 t l>ge funds are n requir$ = ! successful adm9i/ration ( sy/ems ( public in/ruction1 b t actually ! be/ s*ools1 & ^? :i* are do+ mo/ = ! correct education ( ! ris+ g5]ation1 may be f\nd 9 ^? /ates t are de/itute ( funds1 & ^: public s*ools are support$ by a direct tax ^u ! prop]ty ( ! /ate4 ,! ?ird plan ( support+ s*ools is a comb9ation ( bo? ( ! o!rs4 ,new ,york until )9 ! la/ ye>1#fg ,rhode ,isl&1 & ,mi*igan may be cit$ z examples ( ?is plan4 ,:]e ?is plan has be5 adopt$1 ! di/ricts or t[n%ips h g5]ally be5 requir$ to raise by tax an am\nt equal to or great] ?an :at has be5 receiv$ f ! s*ool fund4 ,:]e ! exp5se ( support+ ! s*ools has exce$$ ! :ole fund d]iv$ f bo? s\rces1 ! balance ( ! exp5se has g5]ally be5 made up by a rate-bill1 p>5ts :o are able be+ requir$ to pay 9 proportion to ! numb] ( days _! *ildr5 h att5d$ s*ool4 ,?is feature is objectionable ev5 :]e provision is made = ! *ildr5 ( poor p>5ts to att5d )\t *>ge1 = x (f]s a pecuni>y inducem5t1 al?\gh ! s*ools be ne>ly free1 to )draw s*ol>s f att5dance ^u !m = ! slighte/ causes4 ,?is plan has obta9$ v g5]ally 9 ! /ates nor?we/ ( ! ,ohio ,riv]1 :i* h receiv$ f ! ,g5]al ,conf$]acy a grant ( "o section1 or six hundr$ & =ty acres ( l& 9 ea* t[n%ip = ! support ( s*ools4 ,9 "s ( ^! /ates ! additional tax is already suffici5t1 :5 jo9$ ) ! avails ( ! s*ool fund1 to r5d] ! s*ools entirely free4 ,if "o plan is sup]ior to bo? ( ! o!rs1 ?is is1 p]haps1 entitl$ to ! pre-em95ce4 ,! s*ool fund less5s ! am\nt :i* x is necess>y to raise by a direct tax2 & /ill ! sum :i* is levi$ 9 ?is way has a t5d5cy to beget & ma9ta9 a lively int]e/ on ! "p ( capitali/s 9 ! adm9i/ration ( ! educational dep>tm5t1 & 9 ! ma9t5ance & improvem5t ( ! public s*ools4 #fg ,a ye> ago ! s*ools ( ,new ,york 7 made entirely free by law4 ,see ! foot-note on ! #bfg? page ( ?is "w4 ,)\t a correct public op9ion & a due appreciation ( ! importance ( education1 ei!r ( ! ?ree sy/ems nam$1 or any o!r :i* may be adopt$ = ! support ( s*ools1 w1 &1 f ! v nature ( ! case1 mu/1 be inadequate to meet ! necessities ( a free p4 ,b let ! public be alive to ! advantages ( education1 & rank x fir/ among ! necess>ies ( life1 & almo/ any sy/em w be att5d$ ) em95t success4 ,if1 !n1 "o sy/em is sup]ior to all o!rs1 x is t :i* is be/ calculat$ to beget 9 ! popul> m9d a realiz+ s5se ( ! necessity ( educat+ all our y\? 9 good s*ools4 ,if ?is c be done 9 a /ate :i* has a l>ge s*ool fund1 )\t dim9i%+ ! int]e/ ( ! p 9 education1 or relax+ _! ef=ts to ma9ta9 improv$ s*ools1 !n may su* a fund prove s]viceable1 z x w less5 ! g5]al tax4 ,b if ! citiz5s ( any /ate c n be br\ght to realize ! importance ( ma9ta9+ an elevat$ /&>d ( common s*ool education1 & ( r5d]+ its bless+s univ]sal1 )\t defray+ ! :ole exp5se by a direct tax1 !n w a s*ool fund prove to !m a curse1 & n a bless+4 ,:]e !re is a w !re is a way1 says ! adage4 ,mr4 ,du]1 z quot$ at ! head ( ?is *apt]1 says1 ,i w\ld recomm5d t ea* /ate %\ld raise a fund suffici5t = ! entire support ( ! s*ools2 t a suitable s*ool-h\se & app>atus1 ) a conv5i5t dwell+-h\se = ! tea*]1 be furni%$ by ! /ate = ea* di/rict2 & t e s*ool-h\se be suppli$ ) a well-qualifi$ tea*]1 :o %all receive f ! /ate a suitable comp5sation4 ,9 ?is recomm5dation ,i fully concur4 ,b ) me x is immat]ial :e!r ! /ate raises a sep>ate fund1 set ap>t exclusively = ! purposes ( education1 or reg>ds ! entire taxable prop]ty ( ! commonweal?1 p]sonal & real1 z a g5]al fund f :i* !re %all be drawn annually a suffici5t p] c5tage to provide = univ]sal education 9 free s*ools4 ,?is only d ,i insi/ ^u1 t ! p be br\ght s fully to realize ! advantages ( a good common education z to place x high on ! li/ ( indisp5sables2 !n w !y provide = r5d]+ its bless+s univ]sal4 ,! mode ( do+ ?is 9 any "o /ate may1 9 view ( ! peculi> circum/ances ( a p1 be diff]5t f t :i* x w\ld be mo/ advantage\s ord9>ily to adopt4 ,if !re is no o!r sure way ( meet+ ! exp5se ( common s*ools1 & ( begett+ & ma9ta9+ a deep & abid+ int]e/ 9 popul> education1 !n let ! prop]ty ( ! /ate be reg>d$ z a common fund f :i* !re %all be annually drawn a sum suffici5t = ! ma9t5ance ( improv$ free s*ools1 9 :i* e *ild may receive a g5]\s education1 z ?is is ! int]e/ fir/ 9 importance to individuals & families1 to neighborhoods & communities1 to /ates & nations4 ,! /ate %\ld ma9ta9 an ,educational ,dep>tm5t4 ,! magnitude ( ! int]e/s involv$ r5d]s ?is ( ! utmo/ importance4 ,at ! head ( ?is dep>tm5t 9 e /ate !re %\ld be a m9i/] ( public in/ruction--:e!r he is call$ s*ool sup]9t5d5t1 s*ool commission]1 secret>y ( ! bo>d ( education1 or sup]9t5d5t ( public in/ruction--& he %\ld be all[$ "t to make himself famili> ) all ! lead+ writ]s on ! subject ( education1 9 :atev] age or language _! works may h be5 writt54 ,su* an (fic] c n 9 any o!r way become qualifi$ = ! prop] dis*>ge ( ! duties :i* p]ta9 to 8 pr(ession4 ,he %\ld also be all[$ "t to acqua9t himself ) ! curr5t lit]ature belong+ to 8 dep>tm5t z x emanates f ! press2 to exam9e new s*ool-books1 & new k9ds ( s*ool app>atus :i* claim to possess advantages1 t he may be prep>$ to give to s*ool tea*]s1 s*ool committee-m51 & o!rs ^: opportunities = exam9ation & inve/igation are less ext5d$1 & _m ( :om mu/ be inexp]i5c$1 su* advice z %all enable !m judici\sly to exp5d _! means = _! p]sonal improvem5t or ! improvem5t ( _! s*ools4 ,he %\ld likewise h "t & opportunity to become s conv]sant ) ! practical op]ations ( diff]5t s*ool sy/ems z to be qualifi$ to give su* sugge/ions 9 (ficial reports z may be ( s]vice to ! ,legislature 9 p]fect+ _! own1 & to subord9ate (fic]s 9 its successful adm9i/ration4 ,all ?is w\ld be necess>y 7 we only to consult ! pecuni>y int]e/s ( ! /ate 9 ! judici\s exp5diture ( ! means :i* are annually devot$ to ! support ( common s*ools4 ,( h[ mu* great] importance is x t !re %\ld be su* an (fic] 9 e /ate1 & t he %\ld enjoy e possible means = increas+ 8 usefulness1 :5 we consid] t ! successful be/[m5t ( 8 labors w contribute greatly to increase individual & social happ9ess1 & ! g5]al prosp]ity ( ! /ate 9 all com+ g5]ations4 ,9 ! fur!r consid]ation ( ! means ( r5d]+ ! bless+s ( education univ]sal1 we %all introduce lead+ topics 9 ! ord] 9 :i* !y naturally sugge/ !mselves4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,good ,,s*ool ,,h\ses ,,%\ld ,,be ,,provid$4 ,a s*ool ought to be a noble asylum1 to :i* *ildr5 w come1 & 9 :i* !y w rema9 ) pleasure2 to :i* _! p>5ts w s5d !m ) good w4--,,c\s94 ,if !re is "o h\se 9 ! di/rict m pleasantly locat$1 m com=tably con/ruct$1 bett] w>m$1 m invit+ 9 its g5]al appe>ance1 & m elevat+ 9 its influ5ce ?an any o!r1 t h\se %\ld be ! s*ool-h\se4--,mi*igan ,s*ool ,report1 #ahdg4 ,9 consid]+ ! means ( improv+ our s*ools1 ! place :]e our c\ntry's y\? receive _! fir/ in/ruction1 & :]e n9ete5 tw5tie?s ( !m complete _! s*ola/ic tra9+1 claims e>ly att5tion4 ,x is1 !n1 prop] to consid] ! condition ( ?is class ( edifices1 z !y h almo/ univ]sally be5 9 e "p ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates until )9 a few ye>s pa/1 & z !y n[ g5]ally are out ( ^? /ates 9 :i* public att5tion has ( late be5 m especially direct$ to improvem5ts 9 education2 =1 be=e any p w attempt a re=m 9 ?is p>ticul>1 !y mu/ see & feel ! ne$ ( x4 ,ev5 9 ! m favor$ /ates1 comp>atively few 9 numb]1 ! improvem5ts 9 s*ool ar*itecture h be5 conf9$ mo/ly to a few localities1 & are f> f be+ adequate to ! necessities ( ! case4 ,did space all[1 ,i w\ld pres5t /atem5ts made by s*ool (fic]s 9 _! reports f v>i\s /ates ( ! ,union3 =1 h[ev] wide ! diff]5ces may be 9 common usage1 9 o!r respects !re has h]et(ore be5 a /rik+ sam5ess 9 ! appe>ance ( s*ool-h\ses 9 e "p ( ! c\ntry4 ,,condition ,,( ,,s*ool-,,h\ses4--,9 rem>k+ ^u ! condition ( ?is class ( edifices1 z !y h h]et(ore be5 con/ruct$1 & z !y are n[ almo/ univ]sally f\nd :]ev] public s5tim5t has n be5 e>ne/ly1 p]sev]+ly1 & judici\sly call$ to _! improvem5t1 ,i w pres5t a few extracts f ! (ficial reports ( ,massa*usetts & ,new ,york1 :]e great] pa9s h be5 tak5 to asc]ta9 exi/+ defects 9 s*ools1 ) a view to provid+ ! necess>y rem$ies1 ?an 9 any o!r two /ates ( ?is ,union4 ,s*ool-h\ses 9 ,massa*usetts4--,! ,secret>y ( ! ,bo>d ( ,education ( ?is /ate1 9 8 report = #ahdf1 rem>ks 9 ref]5ce to ! condition ( s*ool-h\ses 9 ! commonweal? z foll[s3 ,= ye>s ! condition ( ?is class ( edifices ?r\gh\t ! /ate1 tak5 z a :ole1 _h be5 gr[+ worse & worse4 ,"t & decay 7 always do+ _! "w1 :ile only "h & !re1 ) wide spaces betwe51 0 any notice tak5 ( _! sil5t ravages2 &1 9 /ill few] in/ances1 7 ^! ravages repair$4 ,h5ce1 not)/&+ ! improv$ condition ( all o!r classes ( build+s1 g5]al dilapidation 0 ! fate ( ^!4 ,indu/ry1 & ! increas+ pecuni>y ability :i* x creates1 _h giv5 com=t1 neatness1 & ev5 elegance to private dwell+s4 ,public _s _h erect$ commodi\s & co/ly *ur*es4 ,c\nties1 ?\gh l>gely tax$1 _h yet uncompla9+ly paid = h&some & spaci\s c\rt-h\ses & public (fices4 ,humanity _h be5 at "w1 & _h made g5]\s & noble provision = ! paup]1 ! bl9d1 ! deaf & dumb1 ! insane4 ,ev5 jails & h\ses ( correction--! receptacles ( felons & o!r (f5d]s aga9/ ! laws ( ,god & man--_h 9 _m in/ances be5 trans=m$1 by ! m enlight5$ _s ( ! age1 into com=table & heal?ful resid5ces4 ,! ,g5ius ( ,ar*itecture1 z if %e _h made provision = all mank9d1 ext5d$ h] %elt]+ c>e ov] ! brute creation4 ,bett] /ables 7 provid$ = cattle2 bett] folds = %eep2 & ev5 ! unclean bea/s felt ! improv+ h& ( re=m4 ,b1 9 ! mean :ile1 ! s*ool-h\ses1 to :i* ! *ildr5 %\ld h be5 woo$ by e attraction1 7 suff]$ to g :]e age & ! elem5ts w\ld c>ry !m4 ,9 #ahcg1 n "o ?ird ( ! public s*ool-h\ses 9 ,massa*usetts w\ld h be5 consid]$ t5antable by any dec5t family out ( ! poor-h\se or 9 x4 ,z an inducem5t to neatness & dec5cy1 *ildr5 7 s5t to a h\se ^: walls & floors 7 inde$ pa9t$1 b !y 7 pa9t$ all too ?ickly by smoke & fil?2 ^: b5*es & doors 7 cov]$ ) c>v$ "w1 b !y 7 ! gross & obsc5e c>v+s ( impure h&s2 ^: ve/ibule1 aft] ! ,ori5tal fa%ion1 0 conv]t$ into a v]&a1 b ! metamorphosis :i* *ang$ its ar*itectural /yle consi/$ 9 lay+ x b>e ( its out] cov]+4 ,! mode/y & *a/ity ( ! sexes1 at _! t5d]e/ age1 7 to be cultivat$ & *]i%$ 9 places :i* (t5times 7 z de/itute ( all suitable accommodation z a camp or a c>avan4 ,! bra9 0 to be work$ amid gases t /upefi$ x4 ,! virtues ( g5]osity & =be>ance 7 to be acquir$ :]e %>p discom=t & pa9 tempt ea* "o to seize m ?an 8 own %>e ( relief1 & ?us to /r5g!n e selfi% prop5sity4 ,at ! "t ref]r$ to1 ! s*ool-h\ses 9 ,massa*usetts 7 an opprobrium to ! /ate2 & if !re be any "o :o ?9ks ?is expression too /rong1 he may satisfy himself ( its correctness by inspect+ "s ( ! few specim5s ( !m :i* /ill rema94 ,! e>lie/ ef=t at re=m 0 direct$ to ?is class ( build+s4 ,by pres5t+ ! idea ( taxation1 ?is measure enc\nt]$ ! opposition ( "o ( ! /ronge/ passions ( ! age4 ,n only ! sordid & av>ici\s1 b ev5 ^? ^: virtue ( frugality1 by ! =ce ( habit1 _h be5 imp]ceptibly slid+ into ! vice ( p>simony1 felt ! al>m4 ,m5 ( =tune )\t *ildr51 & m5 :o _h re>$ a family ( *ildr5 & borne ! exp5ses ( _! education1 fanci$ !y saw some?+ ( inju/ice 9 be+ call$ to pay = ! education ( o!rs1 & too (t5 _! fancies />t$ into spect]s ( all imag9able oppression & wrong4 ,dur+ ! five ye>s imm$iately succe$+ ! report made by ! ,bo>d ( ,education to ! ,legislature on ! subject ( s*ool-h\ses1 ! sums exp5d$ = ! erection & repair ( ?is class ( build+s fell b little %ort ( sev5 hundr$ ?\s& doll>s4 ,s9ce t "t1 f ! be/ in=mation obta9$1 ,i suppose ! sum exp5d$ on ?is "o item to be ab\t "o hundr$ & fifty ?\s& doll>s annually4 ,e ye> adds "s new improvem5t to ! con/ruction & arrangem5t ( ^! edifices4 ,9 reg>d to ?is great *ange 9 s*ool-h\ses--x w\ld h>dly be too mu* to call x a revolution--! s*ool committees h done an excell5t "w1 or1 r1 !y h begun x2 x is n yet done4 ,_! annual reports1 read 9 op5 t[n meet+1 or pr9t$ & circulat$ among ! inhabitants1 aft]w>d embodi$ 9 ! ,ab/racts & di/ribut$ to ! memb]s ( ! gov]nm5t1 to all t[n & s*ool committees1 h enlight5$ & conv9c$ ! /ate4 ,s*ool-h\ses 9 ,new ,york4--,ab\t t5 ye>s ago1 special visitors 7 appo9t$ by ! sup]9t5d5t ( common s*ools 9 ea* ( ! c\nties ( ?is /ate1 :o 7 reque/$ to visit & inspect ! s*ools1 & to report m9utely 9 reg>d to _! /ate & prospects4 ,! mo/ respectable citiz5s1 )\t di/9ction ( p>ty1 7 select$ to dis*>ge ?is duty2 & ! result ( _! labors is conta9$ 9 two reports1 made1 ! "o 9 ,april1 #ahdj1 ! o!r 9 ,febru>y1 #ahda4 ,x may be rem>k$1 g5]ally1 say ! visitors ( "o ( ! olde/ & mo/ afflu5t t[ns ( ! s\!a/]n section ( ! /ate1 t ! s*ool-h\ses are built 9 ! old /yle1 are too small to be conv5i5t1 &1 ) "o exception1 too ne> ! public roads1 hav+ g5]ally no o!r play-gr\nd4--,report1 #ahdj1 p4 #dg4 ,say ! visitors ( ano!r l>ge & weal?y t[n 9 ! c5tral "p ( ! /ate1 ,out ( tw5ty s*ools visit$1 t5 ( ! s*ool-h\ses 7 9 bad repair1 & _m ( !m n wor? repair+4 ,9 none 7 any means provid$ = ! v5tilation ( ! room4 ,9 _m ( ! di/ricts1 ! s*ool-rooms are too small = ! numb] ( s*ol>s4 ,! location ( ! s*ool-h\ses is g5]ally pleasant4 ,!re are1 h[ev]1 b few in/ances :]e play-gr\nds are atta*$1 & _! condition z to privies is v bad4 ,! arrangem5t ( seats & desks is g5]ally v bad1 & inconv5i5t to bo? s*ol>s & tea*]s2 mo/ ( !m are )\t backs4--,report1 #ahdj1 p4 #bh4 ,9 ano!r l>ge & popul\s t[n 9 ! nor?we/]n "p ( ! /ate1 x appe>s f ! report ( ! visitors t only five out ( tw5ty-two s*ool-h\ses are respectable or com=table2 none h any prop] means ( v5tilation2 eight ( !m are built ( logs1 & b "o ( !m has a privy4 ,accord+ to ! report f ano!r c\nty1 :]e ! evils already enum]at$ exi/1 ,!re is1 9 g5]al1 too little att5tion to hav+ good & dry wood provid$1 or a good supply ( any2 or to h a wood-h\se or %elt] to keep x f ! /orm4 ,?is neglect is v common4 ,ano!r neglect1 notic$ by _m ( ! visitors1 is ! cold & com=tless /ate 9 :i* ! *ildr5 f9d ! s*ool-room1 ow+ to ! late h\r at :i* ! fire is fir/ made 9 ! morn+4 ,?ree ye>s lat]--& aft] ! appo9tm5t ( c\nty sup]9t5d5ts 9 ea* ( ! c\nties ( t /ate1 :o collect$ /ati/ics ) great c>e--! ,hon4 ,samuel ,"y1 !n /ate sup]9t5d5t1 aft] mak+ a m9ute /atem5t ( ! numb] ( s*ool-h\ses con/ruct$ ( /one1 brick1 wood1 & logs2 ( _! condition z to repair2 ( ! de/itution ( privies1 suitable play-gr\nds1 etc41 rem>k$ z foll[s3 ,b #edd out ( #icfh h\ses visit$ conta9$ m ?an "o room2 #gcac 7 de/itute ( any suitable play-gr\nd2 ne>ly #fjjj 7 unfurni%$ ) conv5i5t seats & desks2 ne>ly #hjjj de/itute ( ! prop] facilities = v5tilation2 & upw>d ( #fjjj )\t a privy ( any sort2 :ile1 ( ! rema9d]1 b ab\t #ajjj 7 provid$ ) privies conta9+ diff]5t ap>tm5ts = male & female pupils6 ,& x is 9 ^! mis]able abodes ( accumulat$ dirt & fil?1 depriv$ ( :olesome air1 or expos$1 )\t adequate protection1 to ! assaults ( ! elem5ts2 ) no facilities = necess>y ex]cise or relaxation2 no conv5i5ce = prosecut+ _! /udies2 cr[d$ toge!r on b5*es n admitt+ ( a mom5t's re/ 9 any position1 & deb>r$ ! possibility ( yield+ to ! ord9>y calls ( nature )\t viol5t inroads ^u mode/y & %ame1 t upw>d ( two hundr$ ?\s& *ildr51 scatt]$ ov] v>i\s p>ts ( ! /ate1 are compell$ to sp5d an av]age p]iod ( eight mon?s dur+ ea* ye> ( _! pupilage6 ,"h ! fir/ lessons ( human life1 ! incipi5t pr9ciples ( morality1 & ! rules ( social int]c\rse are to be impress$ ^u ! pla/ic m9d4 ,! boy is "h to receive ! model ( 8 p]man5t "*1 & to imbibe ! elem5ts ( 8 future c>e]2 & "h ! in/9ctive delicacy ( ! "y female1 "o ( ! *>act]i/ic ornam5ts ( ! sex1 is to be exp&$ into maturity by precept & example6 ,is x /range1 "u su* circum/ances1 t an e>ly & inv9cible repugnance to ! acquisition ( k is imbib$ by ! y\?ful m9d8 t ! s*ool-h\se is reg>d$ ) unconceal$ av]sion & disgu/1 & t p>5ts :o h any desire to pres]ve ! heal? & ! morals ( _! *ildr5 exclude !m f ! di/rict s*ool1 & provide in/ruction = !m else:]e8 ,a volume might be fill$ ) simil> te/imony2 b "o m quotation f ano!r /ate mu/ suffice4 ,aft] notic+ ! common evils already ref]r$ to1 ! sup]9t5d5t rem>ks z foll[s3#fh ,b ?is notice ( ord9>y defici5cies does n cov] ! :ole gr\nd ( error 9 reg>d to ! situation ( s*ool-h\ses4 ,9 "s cases !y are br\ght into close connection ) positive nuisances4 ,9 a case :i* has fall5 "u ! sup]9t5d5t's own p]sonal obs]vation1 "o side ( ! s*ool-h\se =ms "p ( ! f5ce ( a hog-y>d1 into :i*1 dur+ ! summ]1 ! calves ( an ext5sive dairy e/abli%m5t h be5 ?r[n f "t to "t 7disgu/+ & revolt+ spectacle671 to be r5t & dev\r$ be=e ! eyes ( tea*] & pupils1 except su* portions ( ! mutilat$ & mangl$ c>casses z 7 left by ! animals to g to decay1 z !y lay expos$ to ! sun & /orm4 ,x is true1 ! w9d[s on ! side ( ! build+ adjo9+ ! y>d 7 g5]ally obs]v$ to be clos$1 9 ord] to %ut out ! almo/ insupportable /5* :i* arose f ! decompos+ rema9s4 ,b ?is closure ( ! w9d[s c\ld1 9 no great degree1 'abate ! nuisance2' = n a brea? ( air c\ld ent] ! h\se f any direction b x mu/ come saturat$ ) ! disgu/+ & sick5+ odor t load$ ! atmosph]e ar\nd4 ,x ne$s no pr(essional le>n+ to tell ! delet]i\s influ5ce ^u heal? :i* mu/ be ex]t$ by su* an ag5cy1 op]at+ = cont9u\s h\rs4 #fh ,fir/ ,annual ,report ( ! ,/ate ,sup]9t5d5t 7,hon4 ,horace ,eaton7 ( ,common ,s*ools1 made to ! ,legislature ( ,v]mont1 ,octob]1 #ahdf4 ,if su* evils z h be5 consid]$ h exi/$ s g5]ally1 & /ill prevail to an al>m+ ext5t1 ev5 9 ! /ates :]e education has receiv$ ! mo/ att5tion1 :at ne$ mu/ !re be = ! dissem9ation ( in=mation on ?is vitally important subject1 especially 9 ^? /ates :]e education has h]et(ore receiv$ less att5tion6 ,9 rem>k+ fur!r ^u ?is subject1 ,i %all consid] sev]al lead+ p>ticul>s 9 ! ord] !y naturally sugge/ !mselves4 ,i w1 !n1 comm5ce ) ! ,,location ,,( ,,s*ool-,,h\ses4--,9 comp>atively few in/ances s*ool-h\ses are favorably locat$1 be+ situat$ on dry1 h>d gr\nd1 9 a retir$ ?\gh c5tral "p ( ! di/rict1 9 ! mid/ ( a natural or artificial grove4 ,b !y are almo/ univ]sally badly locat$2 expos$ to ! noise1 du/1 & dang] ( ! highway2 unattractive1 if n absolutely repulsive 9 _! ext]nal appe>ance1 & built at ! lea/ possible exp5se ( mat]ial & labor4 ,!y are g5]ally on "o corn] ( public roads1 & sometimes adjac5t to a coop]'s %op1 or betwe5 a blacksmi?'s %op & a saw-mill4 ,!y are n unfrequ5tly plac$ on an acute angle1 :]e a road =ks1 & sometimes 9 turn+ t angle1 ! travel is *iefly beh9d ! s*ool-h\se1 leav+ x on a small triangle b\nd$ on all sides by public roads4 ,occasionally ! s*ool-h\se is situat$ on a l[ & wor?less piece ( gr\nd1 ) a sluggi% /ream ( wat] 9 its vic9ity1 :i* sometimes ev5 passes "u ! h\se4 ,! com=t1 & heal? ev51 ( *ildr5 are ?us sacrific$ to ! p>simony ( _! p>5ts4 ,s*ol>s v g5]ally /ep f ! s*ool-h\se directly into ! highway4 ,inde$1 s*ool-h\ses are frequ5tly situat$ "o half 9 ! highway & ! o!r half 9 ! adjac5t field1 z ?\gh !y 7 unfit = ei!r4 ,?is is ! case ev5 9 "s ( ! pr9cipal villages ( all ! /ates ,i h ev] visit$1 or f :i* ,i h read full reports on ! subject4 ,/range z x may seem1 s*ool-h\ses are sometimes situat$ 9 ! middle ( ! highway1 a portion ( ! travel be+ on ea* side ( !m4 ,:5 ! s*ol>s are engag$ 9 _! recreations1 !y are expos$ to bleak w9ds & ! inclem5cy ( ! wea!r "o portion ( ! ye>1 & to ! scor*+ rays ( ! m]idian sun ano!r portion4 ,moreov]1 _! recreations mu/ be conduct$ 9 ! /reet1 or !y trespass ^u _! neighbors' premises4 ,we pursue a v diff]5t policy 9 locat+ a *ur*1 a c\rt-h\se1 or a dwell+2 & %\ld we n pursue an equally wise & lib]al policy 9 locat+ ! di/rict s*ool-h\se8 ,9 ! /ates g5]ally nor?we/ ( ! ,riv] ,ohio1 six hundr$ & =ty acres ( l& 9 e t[n%ip are appropriat$ to ! support ( common s*ools4 ,suppose !re are t5 s*ool di/ricts 9 a t[n%ip1 ?is w\ld all[ sixty-f\r acres to e di/rict4 ,x w\ld seem t :5 ! g5]al gov]nm5t has appropriat$ sixty-f\r acres to create a fund = ! enc\ragem5t ( ! s*ools ( a t[n%ip1 t ea* di/rict might set ap>t "o acre z a site = a s*ool-h\se4 ,once m3 s*ool di/ricts usually conta9 n less ?an tw5ty-five hundr$ acres ( l&4 ,is x1 !n1 ask+ too mu* to set ap>t "o acre z a site = a s*ool-h\se1 9 :i* ! m9ds ( ! *ildr5 ( ! di/rict %all be cultivat$1 :5 tw5ty-f\r hundr$ & n9ety-n9e acres are appropriat$ to fe$+ & clo?+ _! bodies8 ,i w\ld respectfully sugge/1 & ev5 urge ! propriety ( locat+ ! s*ool-h\se on a piece ( firm gr\nd ( lib]al dim5sions1 & ( inclos+ ! same ) a suitable f5ce4 ,! location %\ld be dry1 quiet1 & pleasant1 & 9 e respect heal?y4 ,! vic9ity ( places ( idle & dissipat$ resort %\ld by all means be avoid$2 &1 if possible1 ! site ( ! s*ool-h\se %\ld ov]look a delightful c\ntry1 & be surr\nd$ by picturesque sc5]y4 ,! s*ool y>d1 at lea/1 %\ld be inclos$ n only1 b set out ) %ade trees1 unless provid$ ) ^? ( ,nature's own plant+4 ,x %\ld also be ornam5t$ ) beautiful %rubb]y1 & be made ! p>k ( ! neighborhood--! pleasante/ place = resort )9 ! b\nd>ies ( ! di/rict4 ,?is w\ld contribute l>gely to ! =mation ( a correct ta/e on ! "p ( bo? *ildr5 & p>5ts4 ,x w\ld also t5d to ! =mation ( virtu\s habits & ! cultivation ( self-respect2 = ! s*ol>s w\ld !n enjoy _! pa/ime 9 a pleasant & heal?ful y>d1 :]e !y h a "r to be1 & ne$ no long] be hunt$ z trespass]s ^u _! neighbors' premises1 z !y n[ too frequ5tly are4 ,,size ,,& ,,con/ruction4--,9 treat+ ^u ! philosophy ( respiration at ! #ib;d page ( ?is "w1 x 0 /at$ t1 exclusive ( entry & closets1 :]e !y are furni%$ ) ^! app5dages1 s*ool-h\ses are n usually l>g] ?an tw5ty by tw5ty-f\r feet on ! gr\nd1 & sev5 feet 9 height4 ,! av]age att5dance 9 h\ses ( ^! dim5sions 0 e/imat$ at =ty-five s*ol>s 9 ! w9t]4 ,x 0 also /at$ t ! m$ium quantity ( air t ent]s ! lungs at ea* inspiration is ?irty-six cubic in*es1 & t respiration is repeat$ once 9 ?ree seconds1 or tw5ty times a m9ute4 ,n[1 to say no?+ ( ! inconv5i5ce :i* s _m p]sons mu/ exp]i5ce 9 occupy+ a h\se ( s n>r[ dim5sions1 & mak+ no all[ance = ! space tak5 up by desks1 furniture1 & ! s*ol>s !mselves1 a simple ari?metical computation w %[ any "o t su* a room w n conta9 a suffici5t am\nt ( air = ! support ( life ?ree h\rs4 ,b ,i w "h simply ref] ! read] to ! f\r? *apt] ( ?is "w1 & w n repeat :at 0 !re said4 ,9 det]m9+ ! size ( s*ool-h\ses1 due reg>d %\ld be _h to sev]al p>ticul>s4 ,!re %\ld be a sep>ate entry or lobby = ea* sex1 :i* ,mr4 ,b>n>d1 9 8 ,s*ool ,ar*itecture1#fi v ju/ly says %\ld be furni%$ ) a scrap]1 mat1 hooks or %elves--bo? are ne$$--s9k1 bas91 & t[els4 ,a sep>ate entry ?us furni%$ w prev5t mu* confusion1 rud5ess1 & impropriety1 & promote ! heal?1 ref9em5t1 & ord]ly habits ( ! *ildr54 #fi ,s*ool ,ar*itecture1 or ,contributions to ! ,improvem5t ( ,s*ool-h\ses 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 by ,h5ry ,b>n>d1 ,commission] ( ,public ,s*ools 9 ,rhode ,isl&1 p4 #chc4 ,?is excell5t treatise embodies a mass ( mo/ valuable in=mation 9 relation to s*ool-h\ses & app>atus4 ,x conta9s ! plans ( a great numb] ( ! be/ s*ool-h\ses 9 v>i\s portions ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 & %\ld be consult$ by e committee be=e det]m9+ ^u a plan = ! con/ruction ( a valuable s*ool-h\se4 ,! pr9cipal room ( ! s*ool-h\se1 & ea* su* room :]e !re are sev]al dep>tm5ts1 %\ld be l>ge en\gh to all[ ea* occupant a suitable quantity ( pure air1 :i* %\ld be at lea/ twice ! common am\nt1 or n less ?an "o hundr$ & fifty cubic feet4 ,!re %\ld also be "o or m rooms = recitation1 app>atus1 libr>y1 etc41 accord+ to ! size ( ! s*ool & ! numb] ( s*ol>s to be accommodat$4 ,e s*ool-room %\ld be s con/ruct$ t ea* s*ol> may pass to & f 8 seat )\t di/urb+ or 9 ! lea/ incommod+ any o!r "o4 ,a h\se ?us arrang$ w enable ! tea*] to pass at all times to any "p ( ! room1 & to approa* ea* s*ol> 9 8 seat :5ev] x may be desirable to d s = purposes ( in/ruction or o!rwise4 ,su* an arrangem5t is ( ! utmo/ importance2 & )\t ! fulfillm5t ( ?is condition1 no tea*] c mo/ advantage\sly sup]9t5d ! affairs ( a :ole s*ool1 & especially ( a l>ge "o4 ,9 det]m9+ ! details ( con/ruction & arrangem5t = a s*ool-h\se1 due reg>d mu/ be _h to ! v>y+ circum/ances ( c\ntry & city1 z well z to ! numb] ( s*ol>s t may be expect$ 9 att5dance1 ! numb] ( tea*]s to be employ$1 & ! diff]5t grades ( s*ools t may be e/abli%$ 9 a community4 ,,c\ntry ,,di/ricts4--,9 c\ntry di/ricts1 z !y h long be5 situat$1 & /ill g5]ally are1 aside f sep>ate entries & clo!s-rooms = ! sexes1 !re w only be ne$$ "o pr9cipal s*ool-room1 ) a small] room = recitations1 app>atus1 & o!r purposes4 ,9 arrang+ & fitt+ up ?is room1 ref]5ce mu/ be _h to ! requirem5ts ( ! di/rict2 = ?is "o room is to be occupi$ by *ildr5 ( all ages1 = summ] & w9t] s*ools1 & = ! secul>1 b m especially = ! religi\s meet+s ( ! neighborhood4 ,b 9 its con/ruction prim>y ref]5ce %\ld be _h to ! conv5i5ce ( ! s*ol>s 9 s*ool1 = x w be us$ by !m m1 t5 to "o1 ?an = all o!r purposes4 ,e *ild1 !n1 ev5 ! y\nge/ 9 s*ool1 %\ld be furni%$ ) a seat & desk1 at :i* he may sit ) ease & com=t4 ,! seats %\ld ea* be furni%$ ) a back1 & _! height %\ld be su* z to all[ ! *ildr5 to re/ _! feet com=tably ^u ! floor4 ,! necessity ( ?is w be app>5t by ref]r+ to :at has be5 said on ! laws ( heal? 9 ! ?ird *apt] ( ?is "w1 at ! #fh? & foll[+ pages4 ,no "o1 !n1 c fail to see ! advantages t w\ld result to a d5sely-settl$ community f a union ( two or m di/ricts = ! purpose ( ma9ta9+ 9 ea* a s*ool = ! y\ng] *ildr51 & ( e/abli%+ 9 ! c5tral "p ( ! associat$ di/ricts a s*ool ( a high] grade = ! old] & m advanc$ *ildr5 ( all ! di/ricts ?us unit$4 ,if f\r di/ricts %\ld be unit$ 9 ?is way1 !y might erect a c5tral h\se1 ,c1 = ! l>g] & m advanc$ s*ol>s1 & f\r small] ones1 ,p ,p ,p ,p1 = ! y\ng] *ildr54 ,! c5tral s*ool might be taught by a male tea*]1 ) female assi/ants1 if ne$$2 b ! prim>y s*ools1 ) ?is arrangem5t1 c\ld be m economically & successfully in/ruct$ by females4 ,9 sev]al ( ! /ates legal provisions are already made = su* a consolidation ( di/ricts4 ,?is w\ld invite a m p]fect classification ( s*ol>s1 & w\ld all[ ! c5tral s*ool-h\se to be s con/ruct$1 & to h ! seats & desks ( su* a height z to be conv5i5t = ! l>g] grade ( s*ol>s1 & /ill be com=table = o!r purposes = :i* x might occasionally be necess>y to occupy x4 ,su* an arrangem5t1 :ile x w\ld obviate ! almo/ insup]able difficulties :i* /& 9 ! way ( prop] classification & ! ?or\gh gov]nm5t & in/ruction ( s*ools1 w\ld at ! same "t (f] great] inducem5ts to ! erection ( m com=table & attractive s*ool-h\ses4 --------------- ,p ,p ------,c------ ,p ,p --------------- ,,cities ,,& ,,villages4--,! plan sugge/$ 9 ! la/ p>agraph may be p]fect$ 9 cities & villages4 ,= ?is purpose1 :]e nei!r ! di/ance nor ! numb] ( s*ol>s is too great1 "s pref] to h all ! s*ools ( a di/rict or corporation conduct$ "u ! same ro(4 ,h[ev] ?is may be1 z !re w be o!r places = public meet+s ( v>i\s k9ds1 ea* room %\ld be appropriat$ to a p>ticul> dep>tm5t1 & be fitt$ up exclusively = ! accommodation ( ! grade ( s*ol>s t are to occupy x4 ,9 cities1 & ev5 9 villages ) a population ( ?ree or f\r ?\s&1 x is desirable to e/abli% at lea/ ?ree grades ( s*ools1 viz41 fir/1 ! prim>y1 = ! smalle/ *ildr52 second1 ! int]m$iate1 = ^? m advanc$2 &1 ?ird1 a c5tral high s*ool1 = s*ol>s t h pass$ ?r\gh ! prim>y & int]m$iate s*ools4 ,:ile ?is arrangem5t is favorable to ! bett] classification ( ! s*ol>s ( a village or city1 & holds out an inducem5t to ^? ( ! l[e/ & middle grade ( s*ools to p]fect !mselves 9 ! v>i\s bran*es ( /udy t are pursu$ 9 !m respectively z ! condition ^u :i* !y are p]mitt$ to ent] a high] grade1 x also all[s a m p]fect adju/m5t ( ! seats & desks to ! v>i\s requirem5ts ( ! *ildr5 9 _! passage ?r\gh ! grade ( s*ools4 ,,new ,,york ,,free ,,academy4--,9 ! public s*ools ( ! city ( ,new ,york1 two hundr$ 9 numb]1 six hundr$ tea*]s are employ$1 & "o hundr$ ?\s& *ildr5 annually receive in/ruction4 ,! ,free ,academy1 :i* is a public s*ool ( ! highe/ grade1 & :i* is repres5t$ 9 our frontispiece1 0 e/abli%$ by ! ,bo>d ( ,education 9 #ahdg4 ,! exp5se ( ! build+1 )\t ! furniture1 0 #df1jjj1 & ! annual exp5se = ! sal>ies ( pr(essors & tea*]s is ab\t #aj1jjj4 ,out ( tw5ty-f\r ?\s& votes ca/1 tw5ty ?\s& 7 = ! e/abli%m5t ( ?is in/itution1 9 :i* ess5tially a complete collegiate education may be obta9$4 ,no /ud5ts are admitt$ to x :o h n att5d$ ! public s*ools ( ! city = at lea/ "o full ye>1 nor ^! until !y h und]gone a ?or\gh exam9ation & prov$ !mselves wor?y4 ,its influ5ce is n conf9$ to ! "o hundr$ or "o hundr$ & fifty s*ol>s :o may graduate f x annually1 b lea*es & /imulates ! six hundr$ tea*]s1 & ! hundr$ ?\s& *ildr5 :om !y in/ruct1 & ?us elevates ! common s*ools ( ! city 9 reality n only1 b places !m mu* m favorably be=e ! public ?an !y o!rwise c\ld be4 ,small] cities1 & especially villages ) a population ( b a few ?\s&1 c n1 ( c\rse1 ma9ta9 s ext5d$ a sy/em ( public s*ools2 b !y c accompli% ess5tially ! same ?+ m p]fectly1 ?\gh on a small] scale4 ,= ! b5efit ( di/ricts 9 ! c\ntry & 9 villages1 ,i w "h ins]t a few plans ( s*ool-h\ses4 ,illu/ration3 ,plan ( a ,s*ool-h\se = fifty-six ,s*ol>s4 ,size1 #cj by #dj feet4 ,scale1 #aj feet to ! in*4 ,d ,d1 doors4 ,e ,e1 entries light$ ov] out] doors1 "o = ! boys & ! o!r = ! girls4 ,t1 tea*]'s plat=m & desk4 ,r ,l1 room = recitation1 libr>y1 & app>atus1 :i* may be ent]$ by a s+le door1 z repres5t$ 9 ! plan1 or by two1 z 9 ! foll[+ plan4 ,s ,s1 /oves ) air-tubes b5ea?4 ,k ,k1 aisles f\r feet wide--! rema9+ aisles are ea* two feet wide4 c v1 *imneys & v5tilators4 ,i ,i1 recitation seats4 ,b ,b1 black-bo>d1 made by giv+ ! wall a color$ h>d f9i%4 ,g ,h1 seats & desks1 f\r feet 9 l5g?1 con/ruct$ z repres5t$ on ! next page4 ,! seat & desk may be made toge!r1 & in/ead ( be+ fa/5$ p]man5tly to ! floor1 atta*$ 9 front by a /rap h+e1 :i* w admit ( _! be+ turn$ =w>d :ile sweep+ "u & beh9d !m4 ,illu/ration3 ,prim>y & ,int]m$iate ,dep>tm5t1 on fir/ floor4 ,size1 #cf by #fd feet4 ,scale1 #ab feet to ! in*4 ,a1 entrance = boys to ! ,high ,s*ool4 ,c1 entrance = girls to ! ,high ,s*ool4 ,p1 entrance = boys to ! ,prim>y & ,int]m$iate ,dep>tm5ts4 ,q1 entrance = girls to ! same4 ,d ,d1 doors4 ,w ,w1 w9d[s4 ,t1 tea*]'s plat=m & desk4 ,g ,h1 desk & seat = two s*ol>s1 a section ( :i* is repres5t$ at ,x1 9 ! ,prim>y ,dep>tm5t4 ,i ,i1 recitation seats4 ,b ,b1 black-bo>ds4 ,s ,s1 /oves1 ) air-tubes b5ea?4 c v1 *imney & v5tilator4 ,r1 room = recitation libr>y1 app>atus1 & o!r purposes4 ,illu/ration3 ,high ,s*ool1 or ,?ird ,dep>tm5t1 on second floor4 ,a1 entrance = ! boys1 ?r\gh ! entry bel[4 ,c1 entrance = ! girls4 ,g ,h1 desk & seat3 aisles f two to ?ree feet wide4 ,d ,d1 doors4 ,w ,w1 w9d[s4 ,s ,s1 /oves4 c v1 *imney & v5tilator4 ,t1 tea*]'s plat=m4 ,r1 recitation-room4 ,i ,i1 recitation seats 9 pr9cipal room4 ,b ,b1 black-bo>d3 z a sub/itute = ! common pa9t$ bo>d1 a portion ( ! wall1 cov]$ ) h>d f9i%1 may be pa9t$ black2 or1 :at is bett]1 ! h>d f9i% itself may be color$ be=e x is put on1 by mix+ ) x lamp-black1 wet up ) alcohol or s\r be]4 ,,v5tilation ,,( ,,s*ool-,,h\ses4--,we h already se5 t 9 a s*ool-room occupi$ by =ty-five p]sons1 ?irty-two ?\s& f\r hundr$ cubic in*es ( air imp>t _! entire vitality to support animal life ! fir/ m9ute1 &1 m+l+ ) ! atmosph]e ( ! room1 proportionably det]iorate ! :ole mass2 t ! air ( cr[d$ s*ool-rooms ?us soon becomes entirely unfit = respiration1 & t1 z ! necess>y result1 ! heal? ( bo? tea*] & s*ol>s is endang]$2 t ! s*ol>s gradually lose bo? ! desire & ! ability to /udy1 & become m incl9$ to be disord]ly1 :ile ! tea*] becomes cont9ually m unfit ei!r to tea* or gov]n4 ,h5ce ! necessity ( frequ5t & ?or\gh v5tilation4 ,! ord9>y facilities = v5tilat+ s*ool-rooms consi/ 9 op5+ a door & rais+ ! l[] sa% ( ! w9d[s4 ,! only v5tilation :i* has be5 practic$ 9 ! great majority ( s*ools has be5 entirely accid5tal1 & has consi/$ 9 op5+ & clos+ ! out] door z ! s*ol>s ent] & pass out ( ! s*ool-h\se1 be=e s*ool1 dur+ ! recesses1 & at noon4 ,v5tilation1 z su*1 ,i may safely say1 has n1 until )9 a few ye>s1 be5 practic$ 9 "o s*ool 9 fifty2 nor is x at ! pres5t "t 9 _m p>ts ( ! c\ntry4 ,x is true1 ! door has at times be5 set op5 a few m9utes1 & ! w9d[s h be5 occasionally rais$1 b ! object has be5 ei!r to let ! smoke pass out ( ! room1 or to cool x :5 x has become too w>m1 n to v5tilate x4 ,v5tilation by op5+ a door or rais+ ! w9d[s is imp]fect1 & frequ5tly injuri\s4 ,a m effectual & saf] me?od ( v5tilation consi/s 9 l[]+ ! upp] sa% ( ! w9d[4 ,9 v cold or /ormy wea!r1 a v5tilator 9 ! ceil+ may be op5$1 s z to all[ ! vitiat$ air to escape into ! attic1 9 :i* case !re %\ld be a free communication betwe5 ! attic & ! out] air by means ( a lattice 9 ! gable1 or o!rwise4 ,a v5tilator may also be con/ruct$ 9 connection ) ! *imney1 by c>ry+ up a p>tition 9 ! middle1 "o half ( ! *imney be+ us$ = a smoke flue1 & ! o!r half = a v5tilator4 ,b x is (t5 ask$1 ,:y is x n j z well to raise ! l[] sa% ( ! w9d[s z to l[] ! upp] "o8 ,9 reply ,i w\ld say1 fir/1 l[]+ ! upp] sa% is a m effectual me?od ( v5tilation4 ,9 a room :i* is w>m$ & occupi$ 9 cold wea!r1 ! w>m] & m vitiat$ portions ( ! air rise to ! upp] "p ( ! room1 :ile t :i* is cold] & pur] desc5ds4 ,! reason = ?is may n be readily conceiv$1 especially :5 we consid] t c>bonic acid1 ! vitiat+ product ( respiration1 is specifically heavi] ?an common air4 ,?ree consid]ations1 h[ev]1 w make x app>5t4 #a4 ,gases ( diff]5t specific gravity mix uni=mly1 "u favorable circum/ances4 #b4 ,! c>bonic acid :i* is exhal$ f ! lungs at ab\t blood heat is h5ce r>efi$1 & specifically light] ?an ! air 9 ! room1 :i* incl9es x to asc5d4 #c4 ,! +ress ( cold & heavi] air f )\t is *iefly ?r\gh ap]tures ne> ! base ( ! room4 ,rais+ ! l[] sa% ( ! w9d[s all[s a portion ( ! pur] air ( ! room to pass (f1 :ile ! m vitiat$ air above is reta9$4 ,l[]+ ! upp] sa% all[s ! impure air above to escape1 :ile ! pur] air bel[ rema9s un*ang$4 ,l[]+ ! upp] sa% is also ! saf] me?od ( v5tilation4 ,x n only all[s ! impure air m readily to escape1 b provides also = ! m uni=m diffusion ( ! pure air f )\t1 :i* takes its place ?r\gh ! upp] "p ( ! room4 ,! r5ovat$ air w gradually settle ^u ! heads ( ! s*ol>s1 giv+ !m a pur] air to brea!1 :ile ! com=t ( ! body & l[] extremities w rema9 undi/urb$4 ,?is is z x %\ld be2 = w>m feet & cool heads contribute alike to physical com=t & cle>ness ( m9d4 ,rais+ ! l[] sa% ( ! w9d[s endang]s ! heal? ( s*ol>s1 expos+ ^? :o sit ne> !m to colds1 cat>rhs1 etc4 ,inde$1 :5 x is v cold or /ormy1 x is unsafe to v5tilate by l[]+ ! upp] sa% ( ! w9d[s4 ,at su* times1 provision %\ld be made = ! escape ( impure air at ! upp] "p ( ! room1 & = ! introduction ( pure air at ! l[] "p1 z w be %[n :ile treat+ ^u ! means ( w>m+4 ,,means ,,( ,,w>m+4--,next 9 importance to pure air 9 a s*ool-room is ! ma9t5ance ( an ev5 temp]ature4 ,?is is an indisp5sable condition ( heal?1 com=t1 & successful labor4 ,x is "o1 h[ev]1 t is v g5]ally disreg>d$2 or1 p]haps ,i %\ld say1 "o t is n (t5 enjoy$4 ,s*ool-h\ses are g5]ally w>m$ by means ( /oves1 "s ( :i* are 9 a good condition1 & suppli$ ) dry1 season$ wood4 ,! in/ances1 h[ev]1 9 :i* su* facilities = w>m+ exi/1 are comp>atively few4 ,x is mu* m common to see crack$ & brok5 /oves1 ! doors )\t ei!r h+es or lat*1 ) ru/y pipe ( v>i\s sizes4 ,gre5 wood1 also1 & t :i* is old & p>tially decay$1 ei!r dr5*$ ) ra9 or cov]$ ) sn[ dur+ inclem5t wea!r1 is mu* m frequ5tly us$ = fuel ?an s\nd1 season$ wood1 protect$ f ! wea!r by a suitable wood-h\se4 ,) ?is /ate ( ?+s1 x is exce$+ly difficult to k9dle a fire1 :i* burns poorly1 at be/1 :5 built4 ,fires1 moreov]1 are frequ5tly built s late1 t ! h\se does n become com=tably w>m at ! "t appo9t$ = comm5c+ s*ool4 ,^! neglects are ! fruitful s\rce ( mu* discom=t & disord]4 ,! temp]ature is fluctuat+2 ! room is fill$ ) smoke a consid]able "p ( ! "t1 especially 9 /ormy wea!r2 & ! s*ool is liable to frequ5t int]ruptions1 9 fa/5+ toge!r & ty+ up /ove-pipe1 etc41 etc4 ,?is may seem a little l exagg]ation4 ,i "k full well !re are _m noble exceptions4 ,b 9 a l>ge majority ( in/ances "s ( ^! inconv5i5ces exi/2 & ! mo/ ( !m coexi/ mu* m frequ5tly ?an p]sons g5]ally are aw>e (4 ,i speak f ! p]sonal obs]vation ( sev]al ?\s& s*ools 9 diff]5t /ates1 & f reliable in=mation 9 relation to ! subject f v>i\s portions ( ! c\ntry4 ,i h myself _m times he>d tru/ees & patrons1 :o h visit$ _! s*ool ) me = ! fir/ "t 9 sev]al ye>s1 say1 ,we ought to h "s dry wood to k9dle )2 ,i didn't "k z x 0 s smoky3 we mu/ get "s new pipe2 really1 our /ove is gett+ dang]\s1 etc4 ,& "s ( ! boys h reliev$ ! emb>rassm5t ( _! p>5ts by say+1 ,x don't smoke ne> s bad to-day z x does sometimes6 ,! pr9cipal reason :y ! /oves 9 our s*ool-h\ses are s crack$ & brok51 & :y ! pipes are s ru/y & op51 lies 9 ! circum/ance t gre5 wood1 or t :i* is p>tially decay$ & saturat$ ) moi/ure1 is us$ = fuel1 in/ead ( good season$ wood1 protect$ f ! inclem5cy ( ! wea!r by a suitable wood-h\se4 ,!re are at lea/ ?ree reasons :y ?is is poor policy4 #a4 ,x takes d\ble ! am\nt ( wood4 ,a consid]able portion ( ! o!rwise s5sible heat becomes lat5t1 9 ! conv]sion ( ice1 sn[1 & moi/ure into /eam4 #b4 ,! /eam ?us g5]at$ cracks ! /ove & ru/s ! pipe1 s t !y w n la/ "o half z long z ?\gh dry wood f a wood-h\se 7 us$4 #c4 ,x is impossible to pres]ve an ev5 temp]ature4 ,sometimes x is too cold1 & at o!r times x is too w>m2 & ?is1 ) su* means ( w>m+1 is unavoidable4 ,scores ( tea*]s h in=m$ me t1 9 ord] to keep _! fires f go+ out1 x 0 necess>y to h _! /oves con/antly full ( wood1 & ev5 to lay wood ^u ! /ove1 t a portion ( x might be season+ :ile ! re/ 0 burn+4 ,aside f ! inconv5i5ce ( a fluctuat+ temp]ature1 ?is is an unseemly & fil?y practice1 & "o t g5]ates v (f5sive & injuri\s gases4 ,aga93 ,i h frequ5tly he>d ! foll[+ & simil> rem>ks3 ,! use ( /oves 9 our s*ool-h\ses is a great evil2 ,/oves are unheal?y 9 our s*ool-h\ses1 or 9 any o!r h\ses1 etc4 ,?is idea be+ some:at preval5t1 & /oves be+ g5]ally us$ 9 our s*ool-h\ses1 _! influ5ce ^u heal? becomes a prop] subject = consid]ation4 ,combu/ion1 :e!r 9 a /ove or fire-place1 consi/s 9 a *emical union ( ! oxyg5 gas ( ! atmosph]e ) c>bon1 ! combu/ible "p ( ! wood or coal us$ = fuel4 ,c>bonic acid1 ! vitiat+ product ( combu/ion1 does n1 h[ev]1 ord9>ily det]iorate ! atmosph]e ( ! room1 b1 m+l+ ) ! smoke1 escapes ?r\gh ! /ove-pipe or *imney4 ,! /ove1 9 po9t ( economy1 is f> sup]ior to ! op5 fire-place z ord9>ily con/ruct$4 ,:5 ! latt] is us$1 x has be5 e/imat$ t n9e t5?s ( ! heat evolv$ asc5ds ! *imney1 & only "o t5?1 or1 accord+ to ,rum=d & ,frankl91 only "o fifte5?1 is radiat$ f ! front ( ! fire into ! room4 ,f\r-fold m fuel is requir$ to w>m a room by a fire-place ?an :5 a /ove is us$4 ,oxyg5 is1 ( c\rse1 consum$ 9 a l proportion1 & h5ce1 :5 ! op5 fire-place is us$1 !re is necess>ily a f\r-fold great] +ress ( cold air to supply combu/ion ?an :]e a /ove is employ$4 ,&1 :at is ( /ill great] importance1 :5 a fire-place is us$1 x is impossible to pres]ve s uni=m a temp]ature ?r\gh\t ! room z :5 a /ove is employ$4 ,:5 a fire-place is us$1 ! cold air is con/antly ru%+ ?r\gh e crevice at "o end ( ! room to supply combu/ion at ! o!r end4 ,h5ce ! s*ol>s 9 "o "p ( ! room suff] f cold1 :ile ^? 9 ! opposite "p are oppress$ ) heat4 ,! /ove may be set 9 a c5tral "p ( ! room1 :5ce ! heat w radiate1 n 9 "o direction m]ely1 b 9 all directions4 ,9 addition to ?is1 z we h already se51 only "o f\r? z mu* air is requir$ to su/a9 combu/ion1 on bo? ( :i* acc\nts a mu* m ev5 & uni=m temp]ature c be ma9ta9$ ?r\gh\t a room :]e a /ove is us$ ?an :]e a fire-place is employ$4 ,b :5ce1 !n1 has aris5 ! prevail+ op9ion t /oves are unheal?y8 ,!re are two s\rces ( mis*ief1 ei!r ( :i* furni%es a suffici5t f\ndation = ?is popul> fallacy4 ,! fir/ has already be5 ref]r$ to1 & consi/s simply 9 ! almo/ total neglect ( prop] v5tilation4 ,! o!r lies 9 ! circum/ance t s*ool-rooms are g5]ally kept too w>m4 ,9 addition to ! inconv5i5ce ( too high a temp]ature1 ! aque\s vapor exi/+ 9 ! atmosph]e 9 its natural & heal?ful /ate is disp]s$1 & ! air ( ! room becomes too dry4 ,! evil be+ se51 ! rem$y is app>5t4 ,r$uce ! temp]ature ( ! room to its prop] po9t1 & supply ! defici5cy ( aque\s vapor by an evaporat+ di% p>tially fill$ ) pure wat]4 ,if ?is is n done1 ! dry & ov]-heat$ air1 :i* is highly absorb5t ( moi/ure 9 e ?+ ) :i* x comes 9 contact1 n only creates a disagreeable s5sation ( dryness on ! surface ( ! body1 b 9 pass+ ov] ! delicate membrane ( ! ?roat1 creates a tickl+1 induces a c\gh1 & lays ! f\ndation = pulmon>y disease1 especially :5 v5tilation is neglect$4 ,! wat] 9 ! evaporat+ di% %\ld be frequ5tly *ang$1 & kept free f dirt & o!r impurities4 ,c>e also %\ld be tak5 n to create m moi/ure ?an ! air naturally conta9s1 o!rwise ! effect w be positively injuri\s4 ,! evil compla9$ ( is attributable ma9ly to ! ma9t5ance ( a too high temp]ature4 ,7 a !rmomet] plac$ 9 _m ( our s*ool-rooms--& a s*ool-h\se %\ld nev] be )\t "o 9 e occupi$ ap>tm5t--in/ead ( indicat+ a suitable temp]ature1 say sixty-two or sixty-five degrees1 or ev5 a summ] temp]ature1 x w\ld n unfrequ5tly rise above blood heat4 ,! sy/em is ?us n only enfeebl$ & d]ang$ by brea?+ an infecti\s atmosph]e1 b ! debility !nce aris+ is consid]ably increas$ 9 consequ5ce ( too high a temp]ature4 ,! two causes comb9$ em95tly pr$ispose ! sy/em to disease4 ,! *ange f inhal+ a fluid poison at blood heat1 to inhal+ ! pur] air )\t at ! freez+ po9t or bel[1 is great] ?an ! sy/em c be> ) impunity4 ,a uni=m temp]ature1 :i* is highly important1 c be m easily & m effectually ma9ta9$ :]e a /ove is employ$1 furni%$ ) a damp]1 & suppli$ ) dry1 h>d wood1 ?an :]e a fire-place is us$4 ,9 ! =m] case ! draft may be regulat$1 9 ! latt] x c n be4 ,a great am\nt ( air ent]s into combu/ion ev5 :]e a /ove is us$4 ,a great] quantity ent]s into ! combu/ion :]e a fire-place is us$1 9 proportion to ! increas$ am\nt ( wood consum$4 ,mu* ( ! heat$ air1 also1 :]e an op5 fire-place is us$1 m+l+ ) ! smoke1 passes (f ?r\gh ! *imney1 & its place is suppli$ by an +ress ( cold air at ! m di/ant portions ( ! room4 ,!re is h5ce n only a great wa/e ( fuel1 b a sacrifice ( com=t1 heal?1 & life4 ,b ev5 :]e a /ove is us$ !re is a con/ant +ress ( cold air ?r\gh cracks & defects 9 ! floor1 doors1 w9d[s1 & walls1 :i* causes x to be cold] 9 ! out] portions ( ! room ?an 9 ! c5tral portions & ab\t ! /ove4 ,! evil is ! same 9 k9d z t already ref]r$ to 9 speak+ ( fire-places1 b less 9 degree4 ,?is evil1 h[ev]1 may be almo/ entirely obviat$ by a v simple arrangem5t1 :i* w also d mu* to r5d] v5tilation at once m effectual & safe1 especially 9 v cold & inclem5t wea!r4 ,! arrangem5t is z foll[s3 ,imm$iately b5ea? ! floor--& 9 case ! s*ool-h\se is two /ories high1 betwe5 ! ceil+ & ! floor above--ins]t a tube f f\r to six in*es 9 diamet]1 accord+ to ! size ( ! rooms1 ! out] end communicat+ ) ! ext]nal air by means ( an orifice 9 ! "u-p9n+ or wall ( ! h\se1 & ! o!r1 by means ( an angle1 pass+ upw>d ?r\gh ! floor b5ea? ! /ove4 ,?is "p ( ! tube %\ld be furni%$ ) a regi/]1 s z to admit mu* or little air1 z may be desirable4 ,?is simple arrangem5t w rev]se ! ord9>y curr5ts ( air 9 a s*ool-room4 ,! cold air1 in/ead ( ent]+ at ! crevices 9 ! out] "p ( ! room1 :]e x is colde/1 ent]s directly b5ea? ! /ove1 :]e x is w>me/4 ,x ?us mod]ates ! heat imm$iately ab\t ! /ove1 & be+ w>m$ z x ent]s1 & m+l+ ) ! heat$ air1 e/abli%es curr5ts t[>d ! walls1 & gradually f9ds its way out at ! num]\s crevices ?r\gh :i* ! cold air previ\sly ent]$4 ,if ^! are n suffici5t = ! purpose1 sev]al v5tilators %\ld be provid$ 9 di/ant p>ts ( ! room1 z already sugge/$4 ,?is simple arrangem5t1 !n1 provides = ! m ev5 dissem9ation ( heat ?r\gh all p>ts ( ! room1 & ?us secures a m uni=m temp]ature1 &1 at ! same "t1 provides a pur] air = respiration1 contributes greatly to ! com=t & heal? ( ! s*ol>s1 & fulfills sev]al important conditions :i* are ess5tial to ! mo/ successful prosecution ( _! /udies1 & to ! ma9t5ance & improvem5t ( social & moral1 z well z intellectual & physical heal?4 ,by inclos+ ! /ove on ?ree sides 9 a case ( %eet iron1 leav+ a space ( two or ?ree in*es betwe5 ! case & ! /ove = an air *amb]1 ! air w become m p]fectly w>m$ be=e ent]+ ! room at ! top ( ! case4 ,! be/ mode1 h[ev]1 ( w>m+ & v5tilat+ l>ge s*ool-h\ses is by pure air heat$ 9 a furnace plac$ 9 ! basem5t4 ,! :ole h\se c 9 ?is way be w>m$ )\t any inconv5i5ce to ! s*ool f ma9ta9+ ! fires1 on acc\nt ( ei!r noise1 du/1 or smoke4 ,b z ?is mode ( w>m+ c n be advantage\sly adopt$ except 9 v l>ge s*ools1 x w n (t5 be f\nd desirable out ( cities & l>ge villages4 ,,libr>y ,,& ,,app>atus4--,i h already said t e s*ool-h\se %\ld h a room = recitations1 libr>y1 & app>atus4 ,9 c\ntry di/ricts :]e b "o tea*] is employ$ 9 a s*ool1 x w p]haps g5]ally be f\nd conv5i5t to conduct ! majority ( ! recitations 9 ! pr9cipal s*ool-room4 ,b ev5 :]e ?is practice obta9s1 !re is /ill urg5t necessity = a room = a libr>y1 app>atus1 & o!r purposes4 ,sev]al ( ! /ates h c>ri$ into successful op]ation ! noble sy/em ( ,di/rict ,libr>ies4 ,^!1 9 ! s+le /ate ( ,new ,york1 already conta9 ne>ly two millions ( volumes4 ,9 "s ( ! new /ates ! sy/em ( ,t[n%ip ,libr>ies has be5 adopt$1 :i*1 on "s acc\nts1 is bett] adapt$ to a sp>se population ) limit$ means4 ,^!1 9 ! ,/ate ( ,mi*igan1 already conta9 "o hundr$ ?\s& volumes4 ,! director ( ea* s*ool di/rict draws f ! t[n%ip libr>y e ?ree mon?s ! numb] ( books 8 di/rict is entitl$ to4 ,^!1 = ! "t be+1 con/itute ! di/rict libr>y1 & ea* citiz5 9 ! t[n%ip is ?us all[$ ! use ( all ! books 9 ! t[n%ip libr>y4 ,n[1 :i*ev] ( ^! sy/ems is adopt$1 ! s*ool-h\se is ! appropriate depository ( ! libr>y4 ,!re are _m reasons = ?is4 ,x is c5tral4 ,x is ! prop]ty ( ! di/rict4 ,dur+ t]m-"t x is visit$ daily by memb]s f p]haps e family 9 ! di/rict4 ,!re may1 & %\ld be1 a "t fix$1 at lea/ once a week1 :5 ! libr>y w be op51 ! libr>ian or 8 assi/ant be+ 9 att5dance1 at :i* "t books may be return$ & drawn anew4 ,= ?is purpose1 & on all acc\nts1 no place c be s appropriate & free f objection z ! s*ool-h\se4 ,! libr>y may also be op5$ "o or m ev5+s 9 ! week1 & especially dur+ ! w9t]1 :5 ev5+s are long1 z a di/rict read+-room4 ,moreov]1 %\ld a ,di/rict ,lyceum be e/abli%$1 ! use ( a well-select$ libr>y1 :i* w always be at h&1 & ( appropriate app>atus = ! illu/ration ( sci5tific lectures1 w contribute greatly to increase bo? ! popul>ity & ! usefulness ( ! in/itution4 ,) su* an arrangem5t1 ! *ildr5 ( ! di/rict w\ld mo/ assur$ly be mu* m b5efit$ by ! in/ructions !y w\ld receive4 ,! s*ool w\ld also possess _m attractions = adults ( bo? sexes1 & by ! co-op]ation ( ! wise & ! good1 its ref9+1 purify+1 & reg5]at+ influ5ces may be br\ght effectually to be> ^u e family & e individual )9 ! b\nd>ies ( ! di/rict4 ,!n w ! idea ( ,c\s9 be realiz$1 :o says1 ,a s*ool ought to be a noble asylum1 to :i* *ildr5 w come1 & 9 :i* !y w rema9 ) pleasure2 to :i* _! p>5ts w s5d !m ) good w2 &1 ,i w add1 "o ^: uplift+ influ5ce bo? *ildr5 & p>5ts w con/antly feel4 ,su* a room z ,i h describ$ w also be f\nd important = v>i\s o!r purposes1 z a commodi\s place = retirem5t 9 case ( sudd5 indisposition1 a place :]e a tea*] may see a patron or a fri5d 9 private1 %\ld x be at any "t desirable1 or a p>5t 8 *ild4 ,x w\ld also be ( great s]vice 9 giv+ ! tea*] an opportunity to see s*ol>s 9 private1 = v>i\s purposes1 z well z 9 af=d+ a conv5i5t room = s*ol>s to retire to1 ) ! p]mission ( ! tea*]1 = mutual in/ruction4 ,t able & judici\s advocate ( popul> enlight5m5t1 & em95tly successful s*ool (fic]1 ! ,honorable ,h5ry ,b>n>d1 does n ov]-e/imate ! importance ( di/rict libr>ies4 ,9 speak+ ( ! b5efits !y conf] ^u a community1 he says1 ,:]ev] su* libr>ies h exi/$1 especially 9 connection ) ! advantages ( sup]ior s*ools & an educat$ m9i/ry1 !y h call$ =? tal5t & virtue1 :i* w\ld o!rwise h be5 buri$ 9 pov]ty & ignorance1 to elevate1 bless1 & purify society4 ,! e/abli%m5t ( a libr>y 9 e s*ool-h\se w br+ ! mighty in/rum5t ( good books to act m directly & m broadly on ! entire population ( a /ate ?an x has ev] yet done2 = x w op5 ! f\nta9s ( k1 )\t money & )\t price1 to ! humble & ! elevat$1 ! poor & ! ri*4 ,,appurt5ances ,,to ,,s*ool-,,h\ses4--,!re are1 p]haps1 9 ! majority ( s*ool-h\ses1 a pail = wat]1 a cup1 a broom1 & a *air = ! tea*]4 ,"s "o or m ( ^! are frequ5tly want+4 ,i ne$ h>dly say1 e s*ool-h\se %\ld be suppli$ ) !m all4 ,9 addition to ^!1 e s*ool-h\se %\ld be furni%$ ) ! foll[+ articles3 #a4 ,an evaporat+ di% = ! /ove1 :i* %\ld be suppli$ ) clean pure wat]4 #b4 ,a !rmomet]1 by :i* ! temp]ature ( ! room may be regulat$4 #c4 ,a clock1 by :i* ! "t ( beg9n+ & clos+ s*ool1 & conduct+ all its ex]cises1 may be gov]n$4 #d4 ,a %ovel & tongs4 #e4 ,an a%-pail & an a%-h\se4 ,= want ( ^!1 mu* fil? is frequ5tly suff]$ to accumulate 9 & ab\t ! s*ool-h\se1 & n unfrequ5tly ! h\se itself takes fire & burns d[n4 #f4 ,a wood-h\se1 well suppli$ ) season$ wood4 #g4 ,a well1 ) provisions n only = dr9k+1 b = ! cleanl9ess ( pupils4 #h4 ,& la/1 ?\gh n lea/1 9 ?is connection1 two privies1 9 ! re> ( ! s*ool-h\se1 sep>at$ by a high close f5ce1 "o = ! boys & ! o!r = ! girls4 ,= want ( ^! indisp5sable app5dages ( civilization1 ! delicacy ( *ildr5 is frequ5tly (f5d$1 & _! morals corrupt$4 ,nay1 m1 ! unnatural det5tion ( ! faeces1 :5 nature calls = an evacuation1 is frequ5tly ! f\ndation = *ronic diseases1 & ! pr9cipal cause ( p]man5t ill heal?1 result+ n unfrequ5tly 9 premature dea?4 ,! accommodations 9 ?is respect provid$ by a di/rict 9 a c\ntry village ( ! ,nor?we/1 ^: s*ools h become celebrat$1 are none too ample4 ,two octagonal privies are provid$--"o = ea* sex--ea* ( :i* has sev5 ap>tm5ts4 ,^! are cleans$ e two weeks1 regul>ly1 & (t5]1 if necess>y4 ,mr4 ,b>n>d1 9 treat+ ^u ! ext]nal arrangem5ts ( s*ool-h\ses1 has ! foll[+ s5sible rem>ks3 ,! build+ %\ld n only be locat$ on a dry1 heal?y1 & pleasant site1 b be surr\nd$ by a y>d1 ( nev] less ?an half an acre1 protect$ by a neat & sub/antial inclosure4 ,?is y>d %\ld be l>ge en\gh 9 front = all to occupy 9 common = recreation & sport1 & plant$ ) oaks1 elms1 maples1 & o!r %ady trees1 ta/efully arrang$ 9 gr\ps & ar\nd ! sides4 ,9 ! re> ( ! build+1 x %\ld be divid$ by a high & close f5ce1 & "o portion1 appropriately fitt$ up1 %\ld be assign$ exclusively = ! use ( boys1 & ! o!r = girls4 ,ov] ?is entire arrangem5t ! mo/ p]fect neatness1 seclusion1 ord]1 & propriety %\ld be en=c$1 & e ?+ calculat$ to defile ! m9d1 or w\nd ! delicacy or ! mode/y ( ! mo/ s5sitive1 %\ld receive att5tion 9 private1 & be made a matt] ( p>5tal advice & co-op]ation4 ,9 cities & popul\s di/ricts1 p>ticul> att5tion %\ld be paid to ! play-gr\nd1 z connect$ ) ! physical education ( *ildr54 ,9 ! be/-conduct$ s*ools1 ! play-gr\nd is n[ reg>d$ z ! uncov]$ s*ool-room1 :]e ! real dispositions & habits ( ! pupils are m palpably develop$1 & c be m wisely tra9$1 ?an "u ! re/ra9t ( an ord9>y s*ool-room4 ,^! gr\nds are provid$ ) circul> sw+s1 & are l>ge en\gh = v>i\s a?letic games4 ,to protect ! *ildr5 9 _! sports 9 inclem5t wea!r1 9 "s places1 ! s*ool-h\se is built on pi]s2 9 o!rs1 ! basem5t /ory is prop]ly fitt$ up1 & ?r[n op5 z a play-gr\nd4 ,a good & sub/antial room1 well fitt$ up1 & prop]ly w>m$ 9 cold wea!r1 9 :i* *ildr5 may conduct _! sports1 "u ! sup]vision ( a tea*] or monitor1 is ( ! utmo/ importance2 & especially is ?is true ( all s*ools = small *ildr54 ,su* a room is1 inde$1 = ^!1 h>dly less important ?an ! s*ool-room4 ,among o!r ?+s1 x %\ld be suppli$ ) dumb-bells1#gj see-saws1 weights & measures ( v>i\s k9ds1 etc41 etc4 ,^! are important = bo? boys & girls2 b1 z !y are uncommon1 x may be well to sugge/ ! prop] mode ( us+ !m1 & ! advantages !y conf]4 #gj ,dumb-bells are usually made ( ca/ iron1 & sometimes ( bell-metal1 ( ! %ape indicat$ by ! figure1 & %\ld weigh f two to t5 p\nds ea*1 accord+ to ! /r5g? ( ! p]son us+ !m4 ,illu/ration ,dumb-bells may be us$1 9 connection ) ! sports enum]at$ 9 ! ?ird *apt]1 = develop+ & /r5g!n+ ! *e/ & improv+ ! heal?4 ,i w\ld ref] any :o "q ! fitness ( su* ex]cises to :at has be5 said on ! subject at ! #gg? & foll[+ pages1 & especially to ! te/imony ( ,dr4 ,caldwell !re introduc$4 ,see-saws1 9 addition to ! b5efits t result f ! ex]cise1 are attractive1 & may be r5d]$ highly in/ructive4 ,= ?is purpose1 ! plank or bo>d us$ %\ld be well hung & prop]ly balanc$4 ,! di/ance f ! fulcrum or po9t ( support %\ld be accurately graduat$1 & m>k$ 9 feet & in*es4 ,!n1 kn[+ ! weight ( "o s*ol>1 ! weights ( all ! o!rs may be asc]ta9$ by _! relative di/ances f ! fulcrum :5 !y exactly balance4 ,^! int]e/+ exp]im5ts may be tri$ by any *ild z soon z he und]/&s ! gr\nd rules ( ari?metic1 & ! simple fact t1 = two *ildr5 to balance1 ! product ( ! weight ( "o multipli$ into 8 di/ance f ! fulcrum w exactly equal ! product ( ! weight ( ! o!r into 8 di/ance f ! fulcrum4 ,su* simple exp]im5ts1 :5 ?us m+l$ ) sports1 & made int]e/+ to "y *ildr51 s]ve ! d\ble purpose ( atta*+ !m to ! s*ool1 & ( fix+ 9 _! m9ds ! habit ( obs]vation & exp]im5t1 & ( und]/&+ ! :y & :]e=e1 :i* w be ( incalculable s]vice to !m all ! way ?r\gh life4 ,weights & measures s]ve ! same g5]al purpose1 & may be r5d]$ well-nigh z useful z slates & black-bo>ds4 ,?\s&s ( *ildr5 recite e ye> ! table1 f\r gills make a p9t1 two p9ts make a qu>t1 f\r qu>ts make a gallon1 etc41 mon? 9 & mon? out1 )\t any di/9ct idea ( :at con/itutes a gill or a qu>t1 or ev5 kn[+ :i* ( ! two is ! great]4 ,b let ^! measures be once introduc$ into ! exp]im5tal play-room1 & let ! *ild1 "u ! sup]vision ( ! tea*] or monitor1 actually see t f\r gills make a p9t1 etc41 & he w le>n ! table ) t5-fold great] pleasure ?an he o!rwise w\ld1 & 9 "o t5? ! "t4 ,! same g5]al rem>k w apply to ! o!r tables ( weight & measure1 to exp]im5tal philosophy1 & to ne>ly e bran* ( /udy pursu$ 9 ! common s*ools ( our c\ntry4 ,i h b "o o!r g5]al rem>k to make on ?is subject1 & t is 9 relation to ! ,,influ5ce ,,( ,,s*ool-,,h\ses4--,cic]o obs]ves t ! face ( a man w be t+$ by ! sun1 = :atev] purpose he walks abroad2 s1 by daily associations1 ! m9ds ( all p]sons are influ5c$1 & _! *>act]s p]man5tly affect$1 by sc5es ) :i* !y are famili>2 & especially is ?is true dur+ ! impressive p]iods ( *ildhood & y\?4 ,_m p]sons seem to ?9k t s*oolma/]s & s*ool-mi/resses d all ! tea*+ 9 our s*ools4 ,b x is n s4 ,fell[-/ud5ts1 neighbors1 & citiz5s tea* by precept & by example2 & especially d s*ool-h\ses tea*4 ,& oh6 :at lessons ( degradation1 pollution1 & ru9 !y sometimes imp>t6 z he c n fail to be conv9c$ :o rememb]s ! te/imony already introduc$ 9 relation to _! condition4 ,i h se5 ! fond p>5t accompany 8 lovely *ild ( f\r summ]s to ! s*ool ! fir/ day ( its att5dance4 ,! *ild _h se5 pictures ( s*ool-h\ses 9 books4 ,pictures1 if n always pretty1 usually please *ildr54 ,x 0 s 9 ?is case4 ,! *ild1 anxi\s to g to s*ool1 talk$ ( ! s*ool-h\se on ! way4 ,!re arriv$1 ! p>5t pass$ 8 innoc5t little "o into ! c>e ( ! tea*]1 ) a few rem>ks1 & 0 ab\t to retire1 :5 ! *ild1 cl++ to him1 said1 pa!tically & en]getically1 ,pa6 pa66 ,i don't want to /ay 9 ?is ugly old h\se2 ,i am afraid x w fall d[n on me3 ,i want to g home to our own pretty p>lor4 ,b ! p>5t1 break+ away f 8 *ild1 leaves x 9 te>s1 ) a sad he>t4 ,h[ cruel to d su* viol5ce to ! t5d] feel+s ( innoc5t *ildr56 ,& h[ baneful ! influ5ce6 ,! s*ool1 in/ead ( be+ a com=table1 pleasant1 & delightful place1 z x %\ld be1 is to ! *ild positively (f5sive1 & ! s*ool-h\se a dre>y prison4 ,j z ! twig is b5t1 ! tree's incl9$4 ,! *ild le>ns to hate s*ool1 to hate in/ruction1 & all t is good4 ,he soon becomes ! practic$ truant4 ,9 a few ye>s he arrives at manhood2 b1 in/ead ( be+ a bless+ to 8 family & a useful memb] ( society1 he too frequ5tly drags out a wret*$ life1 9 ignorance & p5ury1 divid+ x betwe5 ! poor-h\se & jail1 & t]m9at+ x1 p]adv5ture1 ^u ! gall[s4 ,x ne$s ! p5 ( a ready writ] duly to portray ! influ5ce ( neglect$ s*ool-h\ses4 ,p>5ts seem to h =gott5 t1 :ile m5 sleep1 ! enemy comes & s[s t>es2 t if good s*ool-h\ses d n elevate1 neglect$ ones w pollute _! *ildr54 ,i h already allud$1 9 ! language ( o!rs1 to ! repres5tations ( vulg>ity & obsc5ity t meet ! eye 9 e direction4 ,b ,i am con/ra9$ to add1 t1 dur+ ! int]missions1 & be=e s*ool1 c]ta9 lewd fell[s ( ! bas] sort sometimes lecture 9 ! he>+ ( ! s*ool g5]ally1 boys & girls1 l>ge & small1 illu/rat+ _! subject by ^! vulg> del9eations4 ,b :y are ^! ?+s s8 ,& h[ may !y be rem$i$8 ,diff]5t p]sons w answ] ^! que/ions v>i\sly4 ,b :5 we be> 9 m9d t1 9 ar*itectural appe>ance1 s*ool-h\ses h v g5]ally m resembl$ b>ns1 %$s = cattle1 or me*anic %ops1 ?an ,temples ( ,sci5ce2 t w9d[s are brok52 t b5*es are mutilat$2 t desks are cut up2 t wood is unprovid$2 t out-build+s are neglect$2 t obsc5e images & vulg> del9eations meet ! eye )9 & )\t2 t1 9 f9e1 _! v appe>ance is s contemptible1 t s*ol>s feel !mselves degrad$ 9 be+ oblig$ to occupy !m2 :5 we be> 9 m9d all ^! ?+s1 & !n consid] t ! impressive m9ds ( *ildr5 are necess>ily & p]man5tly affect$ by sc5es ) :i* !y become famili>1 we c n wond] t !y yield !mselves to su* influ5ces1 & cons5t to increase _! degradation by multiply+ ! abom9ations ) :i* !y are surr\nd$4 ,& especially %all we cease to wond] at ! exi/5ce ( ^! ?+s1 :5 we consid] t s*ol>s are v (t5 unfurni%$ ) suitable employm5t2 t ! y\ng] s*ol>s are frequ5tly urg$ on by ! example & influ5ce ( ! old] ones2 & t tea*]s are sometimes employ$ :o are s f> lo/ to %ame z to c\nt5ance ^! disgu/+ & corrupt+ practices by engag+ 9 !m !mselves6 ,a k ( ! cause sugge/s ! rem$y4 ,let1 !n1 ! s*ool-h\se be commodi\s & cleanly2 invit+ 9 its appe>ance1 & elevat+ 9 its influ5ce4 ,let e memb] ( ! s*ool1 at all times1 be furni%$ ) ent]ta9+ & pr(itable employm5t4 ,let ! corrupt+ influ5ce ( bad example be at once & =ev] remov$4 ,&1 f9ally1 let ! s]vices ( a well-qualifi$ tea*]1 ( good morals1 correct example1 & :o is scrupul\sly wat*ful1 be inv>iably secur$4 ,b if ! mean appe>ance ( our s*ool-h\ses is "o reason :y !y are s defac$1 x may be ask$1 :y d n our *ur*es1 :i* are frequ5tly among ! mo/ elegant specim5s ( ar*itecture1 escape ! pollution8 ,! reason is evid5t4 ,! f\l habit is contract$ 9 ! unseemly s*ool-h\se1 & x becomes s e/abli%$ t x is v difficult to susp5d its ex]cise ev5 9 ! ,temple ( ,god4 ,7 our s*ool-h\ses1 9 po9t ( neatness & ar*itecture1 equal to our *ur*es1 ! evil 9 "q w\ld soon become less preval5t1 &1 ) judici\s sup]vision1 we might safely pr$ict its e>ly ext9ction4 ,i w\ld n sugge/ t too mu* pa9s are tak5 to make our *ur*es pleasant & com=table1 b ,i d prote/ t !re is a great & unwise disproportion 9 ! appe>ance ( our *ur*es & s*ool-h\ses4 ,x is frequ5tly ! case 9 villages & c\ntry neighborhoods1 t ! exp5se ( ! =m] is f fifty to eighty times ! value ( ! latt]4 ,! appe>ance ( our s*ool-h\ses is an important consid]ation4 ,if we w\ld cultivate ! bea/ly prop5sities ( our y\?1 we h b to provide !m places ( in/ruction resembl+ ! hovels :i* our cattle occupy1 & ! "w is well begun4 ,on ! contr>y1 if we w\ld take into ! acc\nt ! :ole duration ( our be+1 & ! cultivation & "r developm5t ( ! nobl] faculties ( our nature1 :ile ! animal prop5sities are all[$ to rema9 9 a quiesc5t /ate1 & adapt means to ends1 our s*ool-h\ses %\ld be pleasant & ta/eful4 ,e ?+ (f5sive %\ld be sep>at$ f !m1 & no pa9s %\ld be sp>$ to give !m an invit+ aspect & an elevat+ influ5ce4 ,x is easi] to make *ildr5 good ?an to re=m wick$ m54 ,x is *eap] to con/ruct commodi\s s*ool-h\ses1 ) pleasant y>ds & suitable appurt5ances1 ?an to erect num]\s jails & ext5sive prisons4 ,george ,b4 ,em]son1 9 a lecture on moral education1 speaks to ! po9t4 ,9 reg>d to ! l[] animal prop5sities1 says he1 ! only safe pr9ciple is1 t no?+ %\ld be all[$ :i* has a t5d5cy1 directly or indirectly1 to excite !m4 ,9 _m places !re prevails an al>m+ & crim9al indiff]5ce ^u ?is po9t4 ,x is "o t[>d :i* ! att5tion ( ! tea*] %\ld be c>efully direct$4 ,no s\nd %\ld be suff]$ f ! lips2 no ^w1 or figure1 or m>k %\ld be all[$ to rea* ! eyes1 to deface ! wall ( ! h\se or out-h\se1 :i* c\ld give (f5se to ! mo/ s5sitive delicacy4 ,?is is ! tea*]'s bus9ess4 ,he mu/ n be indiff]5t to x4 ,he has no "r to neglect x4 ,he c n transf] x to ano!r4 ,he1 & he only1 is responsible4#ga ,x is impossible to be ov]-scrupul\s 9 ?is matt]4 ,& ! committee %\ld see t ! tea*] does 8 duty2 o!rwise all 8 lessons 9 duty are ( no avail1 & ! s*ool1 in/ead ( be+ a s\rce ( purity1 delicacy1 & ref9em5t1 becomes a f\nta9 ( corruption1 ?r[+ out poison\s wat]s1 & r5d]+ ! moral influ5ce m pe/if]\s ?an t fabl$ f\nta9 ( old1 ov] :i* no creature ( heav5 c\ld fly & escape dea?4 #ga ,i w\ld by no means free p>5ts f responsibility 9 ?is matt]4 ,!y1 if any class1 may be said to be alone responsible2 b1 9 fact1 all :o are intru/$ ) ! c>e ( *ildr5 %>e 9 ! responsibility4 ,secret vice1 9 ! op9ion ( ^? :o h _h occasion to rem>k ! ext5t to :i* x is practic$1 f colleges & ! high] sem9>ies ( le>n+ d[n to ! common s*ool1 & ev5 9 ! nurs]y be=e ! *ild is s5t to s*ool1 prevails to an al>m+ ext5t4 ,x is (t5 ! pr9cipal1 &1 9 _m in/ances1 ! sole cause ( a ho/ ( evils t are commonly attribut$ to h>d /udy1 among :i* are impair$ nutrition1 & g5]al lassitude & weakness1 especially ( ! lo9s & back2 loss ( memory1 dullness ( appreh5sion1 & bo? indisposition & incapacity = /udy2 dizz9ess1 affections ( ! eyes1 heada*es1 etc41 etc4 ,secret vice 9 *ildhood & y\? is also a fruitful s\rce ( social vice lat] 9 life1 & ( excesses ev5 )9 ! pale ( w$lock1 ru9\s alike to ! p>ties !mselves & to _! (fspr+4 ,lic5ti\sness 9 "s ( its =ms1 z we h frequ5tly _h occasion to see1 f ! highe/ te/imony introduc$ into ! text 9 v>i\s passages1 9 addition to ! evils "h ref]r$ to1 sometimes leads to ! mo/ drivel+ idiocy1 & to insanity 9 its wor/ =ms4 ,all1 !n1 :o h ! *>ge ( *ildr51 & especially p>5ts & tea*]s1 %\ld ex]cise a rational famili>ity ) !m on ?is delicate b important subject4 ,!y %\ld give !m timely c\nsel 9 relation to ! temptations to :i* !y may be expos$1 apprise !m ( ! evils t foll[ 9 ! tra9 ( disob$i5ce1 & endeavor1 by k9dly advice & fri5dly admonition1 to infix 9 _! m9ds a delicate s5se ( honor1 an abhorr5ce = ?is :ole class ( vice1 & a det]m9ation nev] to ent]ta9 a ?\ght ( indulg+ ! appetite = sex except )9 ! pale ( w$lock1 & 9 accordance ) ,god's own appo9tm5t4 ,9 conclusion1 on ?is subject1 ,i w\ld say1 if !re is "o h\se 9 ! di/rict m pleasantly locat$1 m com=tably con/ruct$1 bett] w>m$1 & m invit+ 9 its g5]al appe>ance1 & m elevat+ 9 its influ5ce ?an any o!r1 t h\se %\ld be ! s*ool-h\se4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,well-,,qualifi$ ,,tea*]s ,,%\ld ,,be ,,employ$4 ,all ! provisions h]et(ore describ$ w\ld be ( none effect if we took no pa9s to procure = ! public s*ool ?us con/itut$ an able ma/]1 & wor?y ( ! high vocation ( in/ruct+ ! p4 ,x c n be too (t5 repeat$1 t x is ! ma/] t makes ! s*ool4--,,guizot4 ,society c nev] feel ! p[] ( education until x calls into ex]cise a class ( effective educators4--,,lalor4 ,"o ( ! sure/ signs ( ! reg5]ation ( society w be ! elevation ( ! art ( tea*+ to ! highe/ rank 9 ! community4--,,*ann+4 ,we come next to ! consid]ation ( s*ool tea*]s2 =1 9 ord] to h good s*ools1 we want n m]ely good s*ool-h\ses4 ,^!1 z already se51 are ( ! utmo/ importance2 b1 to insure success1 we mu/ h good tea*]s 9 ^? h\ses4 ,& "h1 7 ,i address+ myself exclusively to ! memb]s ( ?is pr(ession1 x w\ld be appropriate to dwell 9 detail ^u ! requisite qualifications ( tea*]s4 ,b ?is w\ld be =eign f my pres5t design4#gb #gb ,among ! _m excell5t works already be=e ! public1 ,i w\ld "n ! foll[+1 :i* ! practical tea*] may pr(itably consult3 ,,! ,,s*ool ,,& ,,! ,,s*oolma/]1 by ,dr4 ,pott] & ,g4 ,b4 ,em]son2 ,,!ory ,,& ,,practice ,,( ,,tea*+1 by ,d4 ,p4 ,page2 ,,! ,,s*ool ,,tea*]',s ,,manual1 by ,h5ry ,dunn2 ,,! ,,tea*]1 by ,jacob ,abbott2 ,,! ,,tea*]',s ,,manual1 by ,?omas ,h4 ,palm]2 ,,! ,,tea*] ,,taught1 by ,em]son ,davis2 ,,slate ,,& ,,black-,,bo>d ,,ex]cises1 by ,wm4 ,a4 ,alcott2 ,,lectures ,,on ,,education1 by ,horace ,mann2 ,,corporal ,,puni%m5t1 by ,lyman ,cobb2 ,,confessions ,,( ,a ,,s*oolma/]1 by ,wm4 ,a4 ,alcott2 ,,! ,,tea*]',s ,,in/itute1 by ,wm4 ,b4 ,f[le2 ,,! ,,true ,,relation ,,( ,,! ,,sexes1 by ,john ,w>e4 ,^! are also useful to p>5ts4 ,a m ext5d$ li/1 ) tables ( cont5ts1 may be f\nd 9 ,b>n>d's ,s*ool ,ar*itecture1 p4 #bgi to #bhh4 ,x has n be5 my int5tion 9 any ?+ ,i h yet said1 nor w x be 9 any ?+ ,i may h]eaft] urge1 to ov]look ! importance ( dome/ic education4 ,napoleon once said to an accompli%$ ,fr5* lady t ! old sy/ems ( education 7 good = no?+1 & inquir$ :at 0 want+ = ! prop] tra9+ ( "y p]sons 9 ,france4 ,) ke5 disc]nm5t & great tru?1 %e repli$1 9 "o ^w--,mo!rs4 ,?is reply =cibly impress$ ! emp]or1 & he exclaim$1 ,behold an entire sy/em ( education6 ,y mu/ make mo!rs t "k h[ to tra9 _! *ildr54 ,i may add1 we want mo!rs n only1 b fa!rs too1 qualifi$ = ! great "w ( tra9+ _! (fspr+ aright2 = p>5ts are readily admitt$ to be ! natural educators ( _! *ildr54 ,b ! lit]>y tra9+ ( *ildr5 has always be5 accompli%$ *iefly by delegation2 & n only ! lit]>y1 b1 to a great ext5t1 ! moral & religi\s4 ,?is c\rse has be5 adopt$ on acc\nt ( ! situation ( families2 _m p>5ts be+ unable to tea* _! *ildr5 !mselves1 & o!rs lack+ ! necess>y leisure to c>ry =w>d a sy/ematic & ?or\gh c\rse ( in/ruction4 ,?is c\rse is dictat$ by policy2 = ! *ildr5 ( a :ole neighborhood may be bett] taught1 & at less exp5se1 9 good s*ools1 ?an 9 _! respective families4 ,?is c\rse has also be5 adopt$ z a matt] ( necessity2 = ! greatness ( ! "w ( education requires1 9 ord] to c>ry x =w>d successfully1 t x %\ld be /udi$ z a pr(ession4 ,! tea*] !n engages jo9tly ) ! p>5t 9 ! "w ( education1 & ) him %>es its toils1 its responsibilities1 & its delights4 ,f ! greatness ( ! tea*]'s "w1 z we h already consid]$ x--tra9+1 z he %\ld1 8 y\?ful *>ge = respectability1 usefulness1 & happ9ess 9 ?is life1 & = ev]la/+ felicity 9 t :i* is to come--we may inf] :at %\ld be 8 qualifications4 ,& we rem>k1 9 ! g5]al1 t ! bus9ess ( ,s*ool tea*+ %\ld rank among ! le>n$ pr(essions4 ,! tea*] %\ld well und]/& ! nature ( ! subjects ( education1 z physical1 intellectual1 & moral be+s4 ,! education ( *ildr5 c n safely be intru/$ to p]sons :o are n practically acqua9t$ ) human physiology1 & ) m5tal sci5ce z bas$ !reon4 ,! mo/ s]i\s physical evils frequ5tly result f all[+ incompet5t p]sons to ex]cise ! functions ( ?is high & responsible vocation4 ,9 addition to a ?or\gh k ( all ! bran*es 9 :i* a tea*] is expect$ to give in/ruction1 & an acqua9tance ) ^? collat]al bran*es t h a be>+ ^u !m1 ! in/ructor ( y\? %\ld possess ! r>e atta9m5t ( aptness to tea*4 ,x w be ( little avail if ! tea*] has become famili> ) all wisdom1 unless he c readily communicate in/ruction to o!rs4 ,paul1 9 speak+ ( ! qualifications ( bi%ops1 says1 among o!r ?+s1 !y %\ld be apt to tea*4 ,?is atta9m5t is no less important = s*oolma/]s ?an = bi%ops4 ,x is especially important t ! tea*] %\ld be well acqua9t$ ) intellectual philosophy & moral sci5ce4 ,?is is necess>y1 9 ord] to enable him to judge correctly ( "*1 & to tea*1 & gov]n1 & tra9 8 *>ge aright4 ,b ^! atta9m5ts c nev] be made until tea*+ is elevat$ to ! rank ( a pr(ession4 ,! lawy] is requir$ to devote a s]ies ( ye>s to a regul> c\rse ( classical /udy & pr(essional read+ be=e he c f9d employm5t 9 a case 9 :i* a few doll>s only are p5d+4 ,) ?is we f9d no fault4 ,b x %\ld n be =gott5 t ! tea*]'s call+ is z mu* m important ?an ! ord9>y ex]cise ( ! legal pr(ession1 z ! imp]i%able ri*es ( m9d are m valuable ?an ! corruptible treasures ( e>?4 ,we seek out f among u m5 ( s\nd discretion & good report to enact laws = ! gov]nm5t ( ! /ate & nation4 ,& ) ?is1 too1 we f9d no fault4 ,x is "r & prop] t we %\ld d s4 ,b x %\ld be borne 9 m9d t x is ! tea*]'s high pr]ogative n only s to in/ruct & tra9 ! ris+ g5]ation t !y %all rightly und]/& law1 b to infix 9 _! m9ds ! pr9ciples ( ju/ice & equity1 ! atta9m5t ( :i* is ! high aim ( legislation4 ,:ile our legislators enact laws = ! gov]nm5t ( ! p1 ! well-qualifi$ & fai?ful s*oolma/] prep>es ^? "u 8 *>ge to gov]n !mselves4 ,)\t ! tea*]'s cons]vative influ5ce1 "u ! be/ legislation1 ! great mass ( ! p w be lawless2 :ile ! t5d5cy ( 8 labors is to qualify ! ris+ g5]ation1 :o con/itute our future freem5 & our c\ntry's hope1 to r5d] an enlight5$1 a *e]ful1 & a ready ob$i5ce to ! high claims ( civil law4 ,! well-qualifi$1 fai?ful tea*]1 !n1 becomes ! "r arm ( ! legislator4 ,! physician is requir$ to become ?or\ghly acqua9t$ ) ! anatomy & physiology ( ! human body2 9 a ^w1 to become acqua9t$ ) ! h\se ,i live 92 to und]/& ! diseases to :i* we are subject1 & _! prop] treatm5t1 be=e he is all[$ to extract a too?1 to op5 a ve91 or adm9i/] ! simple/ m$ic9e4 ,nor ) ?is d we f9d fault1 = we ju/ly prize ! body4 ,x is ! habitation ( ! immortal m9d4 ,:5 9 heal?1 x is ! m9d's s]vant1 & ready to d its bidd+s2 b d>k5 its w9d[s by disease1 & x becomes ! m9d's prison-h\se4 ,b :ile ! physician1 :om we honor & love1 is requir$ to make ^! atta9m5ts be=e he is p]mitt$ ev5 to repair ! h\se ,i live 91 %\ld n he :o tea*es ! ,,ma/] ( ! h\se be entitl$ to a respectable rank 9 society8 ,x is common1 9 ! v>i\s bran*es ( ! ,*ur* univ]sal1 = m5 :o feel !mselves call$ ( ,god to prea* ! ,gospel to obta9 a collegiate education1 & !n devote sev]al ye>s to pr(essional /udy1 be=e ex]cis+ ! functions ( ! sacr$ (fice2 & ?is has be5 requir$ by popul> op9ion4 ,& h]et(ore1 ,i may add1 ! ef=ts ( ! m9i/] h be5 direct$ *iefly to ! re=mation ( adults ^: e>ly tra9+ has be5 imp]fectly att5d$ to1 & to ! build+ up ( a religi\s "* :]e no correct e>ly f\ndation has be5 laid1 :5 ! "t & en]gies ( a p ^u :om labor is be/[$ are devot$ *iefly to absorb+ secul> pursuits4 ,! compet5t & fai?ful tea*]1 on ! contr>y1 ent]s ^u ! dis*>ge ( 8 duties "u circum/ances widely diff]5t1 & ) inf9itely bett] prospects ( success4 ,jesus said1 ,suff] ! little *ildr5 to come unto me1 & =bid !m n2 = ( su* is ! k+dom ( ,god4 ,^! are !y ^u :om ! tea*] is call$ to be/[ labor4 ,he rememb]s t ,solomon ! wise has said1 ,tra9 up a *ild 9 ! way he %\ld g1 & :5 he is old he w n dep>t f x2 & he confid5tly expects t1 ) prop] p>5tal co-op]ation1 if he fai?fully dis*>ges 8 duty1 & directs 8 ef=ts 9 accordance ) ! w ( ! ,great ,tea*]1 8 y\?ful *>ge1 :5 arriv$ at ! ye>s ( acc\ntability1 & 9 all future life1 w be l ! *ild ,samuel1 :o grew on1 & 0 9 favor bo? ) ! ,"l & also ) m54 ,no wond]1 !n1 t ,*ann+ %\ld say1 ,"o ( ! sure/ signs ( ! reg5]ation ( society w be ! elevation ( tea*+ to ! highe/ rank 9 ! community4 ,! cl]ical pr(ession c nev] equal t ( ! tea*] 9 moral sublimity & prospective usefulness until religi\s tea*]s come to direct _! att5tion *iefly to ! correct e>ly education ( ! "y 9 ! ,sabba?-s*ools1 b m especially 9 ! common s*ools ( our c\ntry4 ,!n1 & n till !n1 w x be entitl$ to ! pre-em95ce4 ,%\ld any tea*]1 9 view ( ! imm5se responsibilities ( 8 call+1 be dispos$ to inquire1 z all well may1 ,:o is suffici5t = ^! ?+s8 we w\ld say to him1 9 ! language ( ,wirt1 ,let y\r motto be ,p]sev]&o v9ces--by p]sev]ance ?\ wilt ov]come4 ,practice ^u x1 & y w be conv9c$ ( its value by ! di/+ui%$ pre-em95ce to :i* x w lead y4 ,especially w ?is be true 9 case ! anxi\s tea*] fai?fully complies ) ! ,div9e direction1 ,if any man lack wisdom1 let him ask ( ,god1 t give? to all m5 lib]ally1 & upbraide? n2 & x %all be giv5 him4 ,p>5ts & citiz5s g5]ally %\ld be impress$ ) ! tru? ( ! maxim1 ,z is ! tea*]1 s w be ! s*ool4 ,!y %\ld desire = _! own *ildr51 & = all o!rs1 tea*]s ^: intellectual1 social1 & moral habits are1 9 all respects1 :at !y are will+ _! *ildr5 %\ld =m4 ,!y %\ld1 at lea/1 be well appris$ ( ?is fact3 ,if ! tea*] is n1 9 ^! respects1 :at !y w\ld h _! *ildr5 become1 _! *ildr5 w be likely to become :at ! tea*] is4 ,!re is a /ory ( a ,g]man s*oolma/]1 :i* %[s ! l[ notions t may be ent]ta9$ ( education4 ,/\b]1 ! pr$ecessor ( ,ob]l91 ! pa/or ( ,waldba*1 on 8 arrival at ! place1 desir$ to be %[n to ! pr9cipal s*ool-h\se4 ,he 0 conduct$ into a mis]able cottage1 :]e a numb] ( *ildr5 7 cr[d$ toge!r1 )\t any occupation4 ,he inquir$ = ! ma/]4 ,!re he is1 said "o1 z soon z sil5ce c\ld be obta9$1 po9t+ to a )]$ old man1 :o lay on a little b$ 9 "o corn]4 ,are y ! ma/]1 my fri5d8 ask$ ,/\b]4 ,yes1 sir4 ,& :at d y tea* ! *ildr58 ,no?+1 sir4 ,no?+6 h[ is t8 ,because1 repli$ ! old man1 ,i "k no?+ myself4 ,:y1 !n1 7 y appo9t$ ! s*oolma/]8 ,:y1 sir1 ,i _h be5 tak+ c>e ( ! ,waldba* pigs a numb] ( ye>s1 & :5 ,i got too old & infirm = t employm5t1 !y s5t me "h to take c>e ( ! *ildr54 ,?is anecdote may ev9ce a degree ( /upidity n to be met ) 9 ?is c\ntry4 ,we are1 h[ev]1 v f> f be+ z c>eful 9 ! selection ( tea*]s z we ought to be4 ,unwor?y tea*]s frequ5tly f9d employm5t4 ,i ref] n to tea*]s ^: lit]>y qualifications are insuffici5t1 al?\gh1 z we h already se51 !re are q too _m su*4 ,i ref] n[ m p>ticul>ly to ^? :o are disqualifi$ = ! (fice because ( moral obliquity4 ,tea*]s are sometimes employ$ :o are habitual ,sabba? break]s2 :o are accu/om$ to ! use ( vulg> & pr(ane language2 :o frequ5t ! gambl+ table2 :o habitually use tobacco1 9 sev]al ( its =ms1 & t 9 ! s*ool-h\se6 nay1 m1 :o ev5 tea* ! despicable habit to _! *ildr5 dur+ s*ool h\rs6 ,sev]al emp]ors h prohibit$ ! use ( ?is fil?y we$ 9 _! respective k+doms1 "u ! sev]e/ p5alties4 ,! pope has made a bull to excommunicate all ^? :o use tobacco 9 ! *ur*es4 ,"o ( ! mo/ num]\s ( ! ,prote/ant sects once prohibit$ ! use ( tobacco 9 _! society2 b s /rong is ?is fil?y habit1 especially :5 =m$ 9 e>ly life1 t ?is society has backslidd5 & giv5 up ?is excell5t rule4 ,s9ce writ+ ! above1 ,i h notic$ an article head$ ,tobacco-us+ ,m9i/]s1 :i* has appe>$ 9 sev]al highly-reputable & widely-circulat+ p]iodicals1 f :i* x appe>s t a l>ge annual conf]5ce ( div9es ( ! same ord]1 among o!r resolutions1 h adopt$ "o recomm5d+ t ! m9i/]s refra9 f ! use ( tobacco 9 all its =ms1 especially 9 ! h\se ( wor%ip4 ,9 comm5t+ ^u ?is action1 a religi\s pap] obs]ves1 t by 'tobacco 9 all its =ms' we suppose is meant *ew+1 smok+1 & snuff+4 ,b c x be possible t a m9i/]1 ^: duty x is to recomm5d purity1 & ^: example %\ld be cleanl9ess1 c ne$ conf]5ce resolutions to dissuade him f a practice s fil?y & disgu/+8 ,& d !y ev5 c>ry ?is inconsi/5cy into ! 'h\se ( wor%ip8' ,s x seems6 ,b su* is ! sev]ity ( ! /rictures 9 ! article ref]r$ to1 t1 al?\gh j1 ,i =be> ins]t+ !m4 ,x has be5 sugge/$ t1 :ile ,rob9son ,crusoe 0 alone on 8 isl&1 he may h _h a "r to smoke1 snuff1 or *ew2 b t1 :5 8 man ,friday came1 a dec5t reg>d = ! op9ions ( mank9d--z ! ,decl>ation ( ,indep5d5ce has x--%\ld h deb>r$ him at once f fur!r indulg5ce4 ,"o :o has enjoy$ l>ge opportunities ( obs]v+1 & :o is scrupul\s to a prov]b1 has rem>k$1 t ! m9i/]ial pr(ession is probably ! mo/ (f5d+ 9 ?is p>ticul>4 ,! ,scriptures h mu* to say ab\t keep+ ! body pure4 ,_h tobacco be5 kn[n to ! ,hebrews1 :o c d\bt t x w\ld h be5 among ! articles prohibit$ by ! ,levitical law8 ,/4 ,paul besee*es ! ,romans1 by ! m]cies ( ,god1 to pres5t _! bodies 'a liv+ sacrifice1 holy & acceptable4' ,to ! ,cor9?ians he says1 ',"k ye n t ye are ! temple ( ,god1 & t ! _s ( ,god dwelle? 9 y8 ,if any man defile ! temple ( ,god1 him w ,god de/roy2 = ! temple ( ,god is holy1 :i* temple ye are4' ,he comm&s !m to glorify ,god 9 _! body z well z 9 _! _s2 = '"k ye n1' says he1 't y\r body is ! temple ( ! ,holy ,gho/8 ,:at sort ( a 'temple ( ! ,holy ,gho/' is he1 e atom & molecule ( ^: physical sy/em is saturat$ & /5*$ ) ! vile fetor ( tobacco2 ^: e vesicle is di/5d$ by its f\l gases2 ^: bra9 & m>r[ are begrim$ & black5$ ) its sooty vapors & effluxions2 all ^: pores jet =? its malignant /ream l s _m hydrants2 ^: pray]s are brea!d out1 n ) a sweet1 b ) a f\l-smell+ savor2 :o baptizes infants ) a h& :i* itself ne$s lit]al baptism & purification z by fire2 & :o c>ries to ! b$-side ( ! dy+ an odor :i*1 if ! 'immat]ial ess5ce' c\ld be infect$ by any e>?ly virus1 w\ld subject ! dep>t$ s\l to qu>ant9e be=e x c\ld ent] ! gates ( heav58#gc #gc ,a female tea*] 9 ! ,bay ,/ate1 9 #ahdg1 address$ ! foll[+ inquiry ?r\gh ! columns ( ! ,massa*usetts ,common ,s*ool ,j\rnal3 ,i h be5 labor+ = ! la/ ye> 9 a l>ge s*ool1 & h endeavor$1 accord+ to ! be/ ( my ability1 to inculcate habits ( neatness among ! pupils1 especially to break !m ( ! fil?y habit ( spitt+ ^u ! floor4 ,i h (t5 told !m g5tlem5 nev] d x4 ,b at a rec5t visit ( ! committee1 an individual1 :o has be5 elect$ by ! t[n to sup]9t5d ! educational int]e/s ( ! ris+ g5]ation1 spit ! dirty juice ( 8 tobacco quid ^u ! floor ( my s*ool-room ) app>5t self-complac5cy4 ,%all ,i say to ! *ildr5 t ?is p]son is n a g5tleman1 & ?us de/roy 8 influ5ce8 or %all ,i pass x ov] 9 sil5ce1 & ?us leave !m to draw ! natural inf]5ce t all ,i h said on ! subject is only a woman's :im8 ,mr4 ,mann1 ! editor1 gave a full reply ?r\gh ! ,j\rnal1 f :i* ,i h "h quot$ "p ( a p>agraph4 ,he closes by (f]+ a prize ( ! et]nal gratitude ( all dec5t m5 to ! discov]] ( a rem$y or antidote = ! evil4 ,t\* n1 ta/e n1 h&le n1 is ! only safe rule 9 relation to all vici\s practices2 & especially is x true ( ?is habit1 :i* we c n call bea/ly1 = !re is n a natural bea/ 9 creation t indulges 9 x4 ,i !re=e congratulate my c\ntrym5 9 view ( ! prospect be=e u ( ultimately be+ fre$ f ?is disgu/+ & fil?y habit1 = ! ,bo>d ( ,education 9 "s ( our cities h already wisely adopt$ ! rule ( employ+ no tea*]s :o use tobacco 9 any =m4 ,let ?is rule become univ]sal among u1 & ! next g5]ation w be comp>atively free f ! use ( t repulsive we$1 :i* only "o ( all creat$ be+s takes to naturally4 ,:]ev] else ! fil?y practice may be all[$1 x ought nev] to be p]mitt$ 9 a h\se consecrat$ to ! sacr$ "w ( educat+ ! ris+ g5]ation4 ,& j look at ! imm5se exp5diture 9 ?is c\ntry = ! support ( ?is p]nici\s habit4 ,x is said1 on good au?ority1 t = smok+ m]ely we pay annually a tax ( t5 millions ( doll>s1 :i* is a mu* great] sum ?an is paid to ! tea*]s ( all ! public s*ools 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,b to return3 tea*]s are sometimes employ$ :o are addict$ to inebriety2 :o are notori\s lib]t9es1 & unblu%+ly boa/ ( ! numb] ( _! victims4 ,b ,i w n ext5d ?is d>k catalogue4 ,comm5t is unnecess>y4 ,my fell[-c\ntrym51 :o h c>efully p]us$ & prop]ly weigh$ ! prec$+ consid]ations1 ,i d\bt n1 w concur ) me 9 ! op9ion t !re is no /ation 9 life--no1 n except+ ev5 ! cl]ical (fice1 t1 9 ord] to be well fill$1 s mu* dem&s purity ( he>t1 simplicity ( life1 ,*ri/ian c\rtesy1 & e ?+ t w ennoble man1 & beautify & give dignity to ! human "*1 z t ( ! prim>y s*ool-tea*]4 ,he influ5ces 8 pupils 9 ! =mation ( habits & "*1 by precept1 x is true1 b *iefly by example4 ,8 example1 !n1 %\ld be su*1 t1 if /rictly foll[$ by 8 pupils1 x w lead !m aright 9 all ?+s1 a/ray 9 no?+4 ,x %\ld be 8 *ief conc]n to allure to bright] worlds on high1 & himself lead ! way4 ,!n1 & n till !n1 w he be prep>$ to magnify & fill 8 (fice4 ,b1 x may be said1 we h n a suffici5cy ( well-qualifi$ tea*]s1 accord+ to ?is /&>d1 to take ! *>ge ( all1 or ( any consid]able "p ( our s*ools4 ,?is is v readily admitt$4 ,"s su*1 h[ev]1 !re are4 ,^! %\ld be employ$4 ,_! influ5ce w be felt by o!rs4 ,! pres5t g5]ation ( tea*]s may be mu* improv$ by means ( tea*]s' associations & tea*]s' in/itutes4 ,by ! e/abli%m5t ( normal s*ools1 or tea*]s' sem9>ies1 a high] grade ( tea*]s may be tra9$ up & qualifi$ to take ! *>ge ( ! next g5]ation ( s*ol>s4 ,^! in/itutions h be5 e/abli%$ 9 sev]al ( ! ,european /ates1 9 ,new ,engl& & ,new ,york1 & m rec5tly 9 ,mi*igan1 by ! sev]al ,/ate ,legislatures1 & to "s ext5t 9 o!r /ates4 ,^? sem9>ies = tra9+ ma/]s1 says ,"l ,br\gham1 are an invaluable gift to mank9d1 & lead to ! indef9ite improvem5t ( education4 ,9 rem>k+ ^u _! advantages1 ! same high au?ority says1 ,^! tra9+ sem9>ies w\ld n only tea* ! ma/]s ! bran*es ( le>n+ & sci5ce !y are n[ defici5t 91 b w\ld tea* !m :at !y "k f> less--! didactic art--! mode ( imp>t+ ! k :i* !y h or may acquire2 ! be/ mode ( tra9+ & deal+ ) *ildr5 9 all t reg>ds bo? temp]1 capacity1 & habits1 & ! means ( /irr+ !m to ex]tion1 & controll+ _! ab]rations4 ,normal s*ools are ess5tial to ! complete success ( any sy/em ( popul> education4 ,! necessity = _! e/abli%m5t c n fail to be app>5t to any "o at all compet5t to judge1 :5 he consid]s ! e>ly age at :i* "y p]sons ( bo? sexes g5]ally ent] ^u ! bus9ess ( s*ool-tea*+--or1 p]haps ,i may m appropriately say1 ( keep+ s*ool2 = ! majority ( !m c h>dly be reg>d$ z compet5t to tea*4 ,= ! purpose ( be+ m specific1 & ( impress+1 if possible1 ^u ! m9d ( ! read]1 ! necessity ( pr(essional in/ruction1 ! au?or tru/s he w be p>don$ = introduc+ a few p>agraphs f a report made n9e ye>s ago z c\nty sup]9t5d5t ( common s*ools 9 ! ,/ate ( ,new ,york & :i* 0 pr9t$ at t "t 9 ! ,assembly docum5ts ( t /ate4 ,! au?or1 at ! "t ref]r$ to1 ex]cis$ a g5]al sup]vision ov] m ?an tw5ty ?\s& *ildr51 aid$ 9 ! exam9ation ( ! tea*]s ( tw5ty l>ge t[n%ips1 & visit$ & inspect$ _! s*ools4 ,n9e ye>s' additional exp]i5ce--f\r ( :i* h be5 devot$ to ! sup]vision ( ! s*ools ( a l>ge /ate1 & a consid]able portion ( ! rema9+ "t to ! visitation ( s*ools 9 diff]5t /ates--has conv9c$ him t ! condition ( common s*ools1 & ! qualifications ( tea*]s 9 ^? /ates ( ! ,union :]e increas$ att5tion has n be5 be/[$ ^u ! subject )9 a few ye>s pa/1 are n 9 advance ( :at !y 7 at t "t 9 ! c\nty ref]r$ to4 ,! p>agraphs introduc$ are includ$ )9 brackets4 ,,lit]>y ,,qualifications4--,"s ( ! tea*]s possess a v limit$ k ( ! bran*es usually taught 9 our common s*ools4 ,?is is true ev5 ( a portion ( ^? :o h be/[$ consid]able att5tion ^u "s ( ! high] bran*es ( /udy4 ,!re is 9 our common s*ools1 & inde$ 9 our high] s*ools1 an undue anxiety to advance rapidly4 ,a score ( p]sons may be he>d speak+ ( ! numb] ( _! recitations1 ( _! rapid progress1 & p]haps ( skipp+ difficulties1 :ile h>dly "o w speak ( progress+ und]/&+ly1 & compreh5d+ e pr9ciple z he proce$s4 ,:5 /ud5ts speak ( _! progress 9 /udy1 _! fir/ qualify+ ^w %\ld be ?or\gh1 aft] :i*1 if !y please1 !y may add rapid4 ,! foll[+ circum/ances1 t h occurr$ 9 classes ( bo? ladies & g5tlem5 :o h pres5t$ !mselves = exam9ation z c&idates = tea*+1 illu/rate ! nature & ext5t ( ! evil4 ,i h m ?an once receiv$1 9 answ] to ! "q ,:at is language8 ! foll[+ reply3 ,language is an unlimit$ s5se4 ,i h met ) "s exp]i5c$ tea*]s1 hold+ two or ?ree t[n c]tificates1 :o did n "k "o half ( ! m>ks & pauses us$ 9 writ+4 ,!y c\ld1 inde$1 g5]ally recite ! answ]s 9 ! spell+-book ) "s degree ( accuracy2 b :5 ! m>ks h be5 po9t$ out1 & _! names & use h be5 ask$1 tea*]s 9 s]vice h sometimes mi/ak5 ! note ( int]rogation = a p>5!sis1 & made o!r z gross errors4 ,9 answ] to ! "q ,:at is ari?metic8 ,i h sev]al times receiv$ ! foll[+ reply3 ,x is ! art ( sci5ce1 etc4 ,sometimes ?is con/itutes ! entire reply4 ,9 "o in/ance f\r fif?s ( ! class unit$ 9 ?is answ]4 ,! t]ms sum1 rema9d]1 product1 & quoti5t are frequ5tly appli$ indiscrim9ately 9 ! f\r gr\nd rules ( ari?metic4 ,!re are1 h5ce1 ?ree *ances = !m to be us$ errone\sly :]e !re is "o *ance = !m to be correctly appli$4 ,! foll[+ expressions are common3 ,add up & set d[n ! rema9d]2 subtract & set d[n ! quoti5t2 multiply & write d[n ! sum2 divide & write d[n ! product1 etc43 nev] s mu* z ?9k+ t sum belongs to addition2 rema9d]1 to subtraction2 product1 to multiplication2 & quoti5t1 to division4 ,9 att5d+ ! exam9ation ( su* tea*]s1 any p]son ( disc]nm5t w soon become satisfi$ t ) !m language is an unlimit$ s5se2 t ari?metic is ! art ( sci5ce2 & t gramm>1 too1 is ! art ( sci5ce2 = ! same answ] has be5 giv5 to ! "q1 ,:at is gramm>8 ,i introduce ^! ?+s1 n = ! purpose ( ridicul+ any portion ( our tea*]s1 b to exemplify ! ext5t ( ! evil "u consid]ation4 ,! majority ( tea*]s manife/ a tol]able famili>ity ) ! bran*es usually taught 9 our common s*ools4 ,!y h n1 h[ev]1 g5]ally /udi$ m ?an "o au?or on ! same subject4 ,a portion ( our tea*]s1 x gives me pleasure to add1 are n only sup]ior s*ol>s 9 ! common ,engli% bran*es1 b !y h made respectable atta9m5ts 9 philosophy1 a/ronomy1 *emi/ry1 algebra1 ,lat91 etc4 ,all ( ^! bran*es are successfully taught 9 a few ( our s*ools4 ,,s*ool ,,gov]nm5t4--,!re is1 p]haps1 z wide a diff]5ce 9 ! adm9i/ration ( gov]nm5t 9 our common s*ools z 9 any o!r p>ticul> connect$ ) !m4 ,good gov]nm5t requires ! heal?ful ex]cise ( a r>e comb9ation ( good qualities4 ,b ?is c n reasonably be expect$ 9 inexp]i5c$ y\?1 :o1 in/ead ( be+ guid$ by enlight5$ moral s5tim5t1 h n only nev] subject$ !mselves to gov]nm5t1 b are totally unacqua9t$ ) ! pr9ciples ^u :i* x %\ld be adm9i/]$4 ,ab\t "o ?ird ( our s*ools are tol]ably well gov]n$4 ,a portion ( !m are "u a wise & p>5tal sup]vision1 ! gov]nm5t be+ uni=mly mild1 & at ! same "t effici5t4 ,b indecision1 ra%ness1 & ineffici5cy are f> m common4 ,sometimes tea*]s resolve to h no :isp]+1 leav+ seats1 ask+ que/ions1 etc41 among any ( ! s*ol>s1 & sev]ely puni% e detect$ (f5d]4 ,soon a portion ( ! patrons ju/ly manife/ dissatisfaction4 ,!n all attempts to gov]n ! s*ool are unwisely giv5 up4 ,_m tea*]s ?us ra%ly fly f "o extreme ( gov]nm5t to ! o!r1 )\t /opp+ to te/ ! gold5 mean1 or ev5 appe>+ to be/[ a s+le ?\ght ^u ! subject4 ,aga93 ! feel+s ( ! tea*] h be5 outrag$ by hav+ frequ5tly witness$ sev]ity1 & ev5 cruelty1 9 gov]nm5t2 &1 9 /udi\sly avoid+ !m1 he has inadv]t5tly adopt$ a lax gov]nm5t1 if gov]nm5t x may be call$4 ,! latt] may be ! m amiable extreme1 b x is h>dly ! less fatal4 ,i h he>d s*ol>s say 9 ! pres5ce ( su* a tea*]1 ,we h a good tea*]1 :o gives u all ! good advice we ne$1 & !n lets u d z we please2 & !n ,i h witness$ :isp]+1 talk+1 *ew+ gum & ?r[+ x ab\t ! h\se1 pass+ f seat to seat1 play+ ) tops & :irls1 toss+ wads ( wet pap] ab\t ! h\se & to ! ceil+1 cutt+ images ^u ! desks1 imitat+ ! practice ( botanic physicians1 exhibit+ & pass+ f "o to ano!r roots & h]bs1 & disc\rs+ ^u _! prop]ties1 *as+ mice ab\t ! h\se1 & 9 "s in/ances slay+ !m1 & practic+ sundry o!r antics too num]\s to be m5tion$4 ,good advice 0 freely giv51 b x 0 disreg>d$ ) impunity4 ,gov]nm5t 9 s*ool1 z else:]e1 %\ld be mild b effici5t4 ,! tea*] %\ld speak k9dly1 b ) au?ority4 ,e reque/ %\ld meet ) a ready compliance4 ,! s*ol>s w n only fe> to disobey su* a tea*]1 b w1 at ! same "t1 respect1 & ev5 love him4 ,?is is n only good !ory1 b is susceptible ( be+ r$uc$ to practice4 ,x is1 inde$1 exemplifi$ 9 _m ( our s*ools1 z a visit to !m w cle>ly manife/4 ,i "k ( no "o ?+ 9 s*ool gov]nm5t m mis*iev\s 9 its t5d5cy ?an ! habit ( speak+ sev]al times )\t be+ obey$4 ,,mode ,,( ,,in/ruction4--,9 "s s*ools ! in/ruction is ?or\gh & sy/ematic4 ,9 !m ! s*ol>s g5]ally le>n pr9ciples1 & und]/&1 & are able to expla91 all t !y pass ov]4 ,b ?is is ! case 9 comp>atively few s*ools4 ,s*ol>s g5]ally are poorly in/ruct$1 & und]/& v imp]fectly :at !y pr(ess to h le>n$4 ,i w give a few illu/rations3 ,fir/4 ,s*ol>s are frequ5tly introduc$ to ! tw5ty-six lett]s ( ! alphabet f\r times a day = sev]al weeks 9 succession1 )\t mak+ a s+le acqua9tance4 ,!y occasionally become s famili> ) _! names & ord] z to repeat !m d[n & back1 z well )\t ! book z ) x1 be=e le>n+ a s+le lett]4 ,?is me?od ( in/ruction is z unphilosophical z x is unsuccessful4 ,7 ,i to be introduc$ to tw5ty-six /rang]s1 & 7 my introduc] to pron\nce _! names 9 rapid succession d[n & back1 giv+ me m]ely an opportunity ( pron\nc+ !m aft] him1 ,i %\ld h>dly expect to =m a s+le acqua9tance ) tw5ty-six introductions4 ,b 7 he to introduce me to "o1 & give me an opportunity ( %ak+ h&s ) him1 ( conv]s+ ) him1 ( obs]v+ 8 features1 etc42 & 7 he !n to introduce me to ano!r1 9 l mann]1 ) ! privilege ( %ak+ h&s aga9 ) ! fir/1 be=e my introduction to ! ?ird2 & 7 he ?us to introduce me to !m all successively1 ,i might =m tw5ty-six acqua9tances ) "o introduction4 ,! application is readily made4 ,introduce ! abec$>ian to b "o lett] at fir/4 ,describe x to him famili>ly4 ,fix its cont\r di/9ctly 9 8 m9d4 ,comp>e x ) ?+s ) :i* he is acqua9t$1 if x w admit ( su* comp>ison4 ,x might be well to make ! lett] ^u a slate or black-bo>d4 ,:5 he %all h become acqua9t$ ) "o lett] s z to "k x any :]e1 introduce him to ano!r4 ,aft] he becomes acqua9t$ ) ! second1 let him aga9 po9t out ! fir/4 ,z he le>ns new lett]s1 he w ?us reta9 a k ( ^? he has previ\sly le>n$4 ,x is immat]ial :]e we comm5ce1 provid$ two conditions are fulfill$4 ,x w\ld be well to h ! fir/ lett]s z simple 9 _! con/ruction1 & z easily describ$1 z possible4 ,x w\ld be well1 also1 to h !m s select$ z to comb9e & =m simple words1 ) :i* ! *ild is famili>4 ,he w ?us become enc\rag$ 9 8 fir/ ef=ts4 ,suppose we comm5ce ) ,o1 & tell ! *ild t x is r\nd2 t x is %ap$ l ! button on 8 coat1 or l a p5ny1 :i* might be %[n to him4 ,aft] ! *ild has become some:at famili> ) its %ape & "n1 suppose we inquire :at !re 0 on ! breakfa/ table %ap$ l ,o4 ,x may be necess>y to "n a few articles1 z knives1 =ks1 spoons1 plates4 ,be=e !re is "t to proce$ fur!r1 ! *ild1 9 n9e cases out ( t51 w say1 ,! plates look l ,o4 ,suppose we next take ,x1 :i* may be repres5t$ by cross+ ! =e-f+]s1 or two little /icks4 ,we c n[ tea* ! *ild t ^! two lett]s1 comb9$1 spell ox4 ,we might !n tell him a famili> /ory ab\t ox52 t we put a yoke on !m2 t !y draw ! c>t1 etc42 & t c>t-:eels are great ,o's4 ,suppose we take ,b next4 ,we might tell ! *ild t x is a /raight l9e ) two b[s on ! "r side ( x1 & t x is %ap$ "s l ! ox-yoke4 ,we might !n in/ruct him t ^! ?ree lett]s1 ,b1 ,o1 & ,x1 comb9$1 spell box2 t its top & sides are rectangles1 & t its ends are squ>es1 if !y are s4 ,! *ild has n[ le>n$ ?ree lett]s1 two words1 & a score ( ideas4 ,he1 moreov]1 likes to g to s*ool4 ,any o!r me?od 9 :i* *ildr5 w\ld be equally int]e/$ might be pursu$ in/ead ( ?is1 :i* is only introduc$ z a specim5 ( ! mann] 9 :i* ! alphabet has be5 successfully taught4#gd ,bett] me?ods may be devis$4 #gd ,s9ce ^! sugge/ions 7 fir/ giv5 to ! public1 sev]al excell5t books = *ildr5 h be5 publi%$1 con/ruct$ on a simil> plan to t "h recomm5d$4 ,x w g5]ally be f\nd advantage\s to tea* ! v[els fir/1 & !n to tea* su* consonants z comb9e ) ! long s\nd ( ! v[el2 z1 = example1 fir/ o2 !n g1 h1 l1 n1 & s1 :5 ! *ild c read g1 ho1 lo1 no1 & s4 ,aft] ?is1 e may be le>n$1 & !n b1 m1 & s1 :5 ! *ild c read be1 bee1 me1 & see4 ,!n ^! may be comb9$ z see me2 lo1 see me2 see me ho2 lo1 see me ho1 etc4 ,! idea is1 t e lett] & comb9ation ( lett]s be us$ z fa/ !y are le>n$4 ,second4 ,! ,roman notation table is sometimes taught aft] ! same mann]4 ,aft] spell+1 ,i h he>d ! tea*] say to ! class1 ,"o ,i48 to :i* ! s*ol> at ! head w\ld reply1 "o2 & ! ex]cise w\ld cont9ue ?r\gh ! class1 z foll[s3 two ,i4's8 two2 ?ree ,i4's8 ?ree2 ,,iv48 f\r2 & s on1 to two ,x4's8 tw5ty2 ?ree ,x4's8 tw5ty-"o4 ,no1 says ! tea*]1 ?irty4 ,?us correct$1 ! class w5t ?r\gh ! entire table1 )\t mak+ ano!r mi/ake4 ,! ?\ght occurr$ to me t !y did n "k _! lesson1 ?\gh !y _h recit$ x1 mak+ b "o mi/ake4 ,) ! p]mission ( ! tea*]1 ,i inquir$ ( ! class1 ,:at does ,,iv4 /& =8 ,none ( !m c\ld tell4 ,i !n inquir$1 ,:at d ,,vii4 /& =8 ,!y all %ook _! heads4 ,i next inquir$1 ,:at does ,,ix4 /& =8 & ! tea*] rem>k$1 ,!y h j got x le>nt ! o!r way2 !y ha'n't le>nt x t way yet4 ,!y _h all le>n$ to c\nt2 !y h5ce recit$ correctly to tw5ty2 & :5 told t ?ree ,x4's /& = ?irty in/ead ( tw5ty-"o1 !y pass$ on readily to =ty1 fifty1 sixty1 etc41 )\t mak+ ano!r mi/ake4 ,& ?is1 too1 is b a specim5 ( ! evil4 ,9 tea*+ ?is table1 ! *ild %\ld be in/ruct$1 9 ! beg9n+1 t !re are b sev5 lett]s us$1 by :i* all numb]s may be repres5t$2 t :5 /&+ alone1 ,i4 repres5ts "o2 ,v41 five2 ,x41 t52 ,l41 fifty2 ,c1 "o hundr$2 ,d41 five hundr$2 & ,m41 "o ?\s&4 ,! *ild %\ld next be taught t1 z (t5 z a lett] is repeat$1 s _m times its value is repeat$2 ?us1 ,x4 repres5ts t52 two ,x4's1 tw5ty2 ?ree ,x4's1 ?irty1 etc42 t :5 a lett] repres5t+ a less numb] is plac$ aft] "o repres5t+ a great]1 its value is to be add$2 ?us1 ,,vii4 repres5t sev52 ,,lx41 sixty1 etc42 t :5 a lett] repres5t+ a less numb] is plac$ be=e "o repres5t+ a great]1 its value is to be subtract$2 ?us1 ,,iv4 repres5ts f\r2 ,,ix41 n9e2 ,,xl41 =ty1 etc4 ,:5 ! *ild und]/&s :at is "h pres5t$1 he has ! key to ! :ole matt]4 ,he is acqua9t$ ) ! pr9ciple ^u :i* ! tables are con/ruct$1 & a little practice w enable him to apply x1 z well to :at is n 9 ! table z to :at is 9 x4 ,i h kn[n s*ol>s /udy t table fai?fully f\r mon?s1 & !n h b an imp]fect k ( :at 0 9 ! book4 ,i h kn[n o!rs :o1 ) "o h\r's /udy1 aft] five m9utes' in/ruction 9 ! pr9ciples "h laid d[n1 und]/ood ! table p]fectly1 & c\ld recite x1 )\t mak+ a s+le mi/ake1 ev5 be=e !y _h /udi$ ! :ole ( x once ov]4 ,?ird4 ,! mann] 9 :i* read+ is g5]ally taught is h>dly sup]ior to ! modes ( in/ruction already consid]$4 ,9 _m in/ances1 comm5dable ef=t is made to secure correct pronunciation1 & a prop] obs]vance ( ! inflections & pauses4 ,b !re is a great lack 9 und]/&+ :at is read4 ,:5 visit+ s*ools1 ) ! p]mission ( ! tea*]1 ,i usually int]rogate read+ classes ) ref]5ce to ! mean+ ( :at !y h read4 ,occasionally ,i receive answ]s t give satisfactory evid5ces ( correct in/ruction4 ,g5]ally1 h[ev]1 ! s*ol>s h no di/9ct idea conc]n+ ! au?or's mean+4 ,!y1 a/oni%$1 sometimes say1 ,i didn't "k z ! mean+ has any ?+ to d ) read+2 ,i try to pron\nce ! words "r1 & m9d ! /ops4 ,tea*]s sometimes say _! s*ol>s are poor read]s1 & x takes all _! att5tion to pron\nce _! words correctly4 ,!y !re=e d n wi% to h !m try to und]/& :at !y read1 ?9k+ x w\ld be a h9d]ance to !m4 ,!y occasionally ju/ify !mselves 9 ! c\rse !y pursue1 say+1 ,i don't h "t to "q my classes on _! read+1 nor h>dly "t to look ov] & correct mi/akes4 ,at ! same "t !y w read ?ree or f\r times ar\nd1 twice a day or (t5]4 ,! idea prevails ext5sively1 judg+ f ! practice ( tea*]s1 t ! value ( _! s]vices dep5ds ^u ! ext5t ( ! v>i\s ex]cises ( ! s*ool4 ,if ! classes c read sev]al times ar\nd1 twice a day1 & spell two or ?ree pages1 tea*]s frequ5tly ?9k !y h done well1 ev5 ?\gh "o half ( ! mi/akes 9 read+ are uncorrect$1 & "o f\r? or m ( ! words 9 ! spell+ lessons are misspell$1 to say no?+ ( und]/&+ :at is read4 ,! majority ( s*ools might be v mu* improv$ by conduct+ !m ^u ! pr9ciple t :at is wor? do+ at all is wor? do+ well4 ,i am fully satisfi$ t x is incomp>ably bett] = classes to read once ar\nd1 once a day1 & und]/& :at !y read1 ?an to read f\r times ar\nd1 f\r times a day1 )\t und]/&+ _! lessons4 ,s*ol>s %\ld1 inde$1 nev] be all[$ to read :at is beyond _! compreh5sion2 & great pa9s %\ld be tak5 to see t !y actually und]/& e lesson1 & e book read4 ,! e>ly =mation ( su* a habit w be ( incalculable value 9 aft] life4 ,i w introduce "o extract f my note-book by way ( illu/ration4 ,! read] w please obs]ve t x relates to nei!r a back di/rict nor an inexp]i5c$ tea*]4 ,?is is "o ( ! olde/ & mo/ important di/ricts 9 t[n4 ,! s*ool is taught by an exp]i5c$ & highly-reputable tea*]4 ,! fir/ class 9 ! ,engli% ,read] read ! section entitl$ ',! ,j\rney ( a ,day2 a ,picture ( ,human ,life4' ,obidah _h be5 contemplat+ ! beauties ( nature1 visit+ cascades1 view+ prospects1 etc41 & 9 ^! amusem5ts ! h\rs pass$ away unc\nt$1 till 'day vani%$ f be=e him1 & a sudd5 tempe/ ga!r$ ar\nd 8 head2' :51 x is said1 'he beheld ?r\gh ! brambles ! glimm] ( a tap]4' ,i inquir$ ( ! class1 ',:at is a tap]8' ,no "o repli$4 ,i add$1 ',x is ei!r ! sun1 a light1 a h\se1 or a man1' :]eupon "o repli$1 '! sun2' ano!r1 'a h\se2' ano!r /ill1 'a h\se2' & /ill ano!r1 'a man4' ,i next inquir$1 ',:at does glimm] mean8' ,no reply be+ giv51 ,i add$1 ',x ei!r means a light1 ! %ad[1 ! top1 or ! bottom4' ,!y !n repli$ successively z foll[s3 ',top1 %ad[1 bottom1' :i* w\ld give _! sev]al ideas ( ! phrase1 '! glimm] ( a tap]1' z foll[s3 ,! %ad[ ( a h\se4 ,! top ( a man4 ,! bottom ( ! sun1 etc4 ,x %\ld be borne 9 m9d1 ! class _h j read t ?is 'tap]' 0 discov]$ aft] 'day _h vani%$ f sight4' ,?is example is select$ f among m ?an a hundr$1 scores ( :i* are m /rik+ illu/rations ?an ! "o introduc$1 :i* is select$ because x occurr$ 9 ! fir/ class ( an important s*ool1 taught by an exp]i5c$ & highly-reputable tea*]4 ,! habit ( read+ )\t und]/&+ orig9ates ma9ly 9 ! circum/ance t ! books put into ! h&s ( *ildr5 are to !m un9t]e/+4 ,! /yle & matt] are (t5 above _! compreh5sion4 ,x is impossible1 = example1 = *ildr5 at an e>ly age to und]/& ! ,engli% ,read]1 a "w :i* frequ5tly con/itutes _! only read+-book 7at lea/ 9 s*ool7 :5 b sev5 ye>s ( age4 ,! ,engli% ,read] is an excell5t book1 & w\ld grace ! libr>y ( any g5tleman4 ,b x requires a bett] k ( language1 & m maturity ( m9d ?an is (t5 possess$ by *ildr5 t5 ye>s old1 to und]/& x1 & to be int]e/$ 9 its p]usal4 ,h5ce its use induces ! habit ( pron\nc+ ! words & m9d+ ! /ops1 ) h>dly a s+le successful ef=t to arrive at ! idea ( ! au?or4 ,to ?is e>ly-=m$ habit may be trac$ ! prevail+ indiff]5ce1 &1 9 "s in/ances1 av]sion to read+1 manife/$ n only 9 *ildhood1 b 9 aft] life4 ,! matt] & /yle ( ! read+-book %\ld be adapt$ to ! capacity & ta/e ( ! le>n]4 ,! tea*] %\ld see t x is well und]/ood1 & !n x c h>dly prove un9t]e/+1 or be o!rwise ?an well read4 ,*ildr5 %\ld read less 9 s*ool ?an !y ord9>ily d1 & great] pa9s %\ld be tak5 to h !m und]/& e s5t5ce1 & ^w ev51 ( :at !y d read4 ,!y w ?us become m int]e/$ 9 _! read+1 & read mu* m ext5sively1 n only :ile "y1 b 9 aft] life1 & ) incomp>ably m pr(it4 ,f\r?4 ,i h he>d sev]al classes 9 geography b\nd /ates & c\nties ) a consid]able degree ( accuracy1 :5 none ( !m c\ld po9t to ! nor?1 s\?1 ea/1 or we/4 ,inde$1 a portion ( !m 7 n aw>e t ^! t]ms relate to ! f\r c>d9al po9ts ( ! compass4 ,/ill m3 "s ( !m say t geography is a description ( ! e>?1 b !y d n "k z !y ev] saw ! e>?4 ,!y h no idea t !y live ^u x4 ,s*ol>s 9 gramm> frequ5tly ?9k t ! only object ( ! /udy is to enable !m to recite ! def9itions & rules1 & to p>se4 ,!y d n look = any assi/ance 9 ?9k+1 speak+1 or writ+ correctly1 nei!r d !y expect any aid !refrom 9 und]/&+ :at !y read4 ,classes 9 ari?metic n unfrequ5tly ?9k ! pr9cipal object 9 pursu+ t sci5ce is to be able to d ! sums accord+ to ! rule1 & p]haps to prove !m4 ,propose to !m a practical "q = solution1 & _! reply is1 ,t isn't 9 ! ari?metic4 ,"s "o m c\rage\s may say1 ,if y'll tell me :at rule x is 91 ,i'll try x6 ,practical que/ions %\ld be add$ by ! tea*]1 till ! class c readily apply ! pr9ciples ( ea* rule to ! ord9>y transactions ( bus9ess 9 :i* !y are requisite4 ,g5]ally1 9 gramm>1 ari?metic1 & else:]e1 !re is too mu* inquiry1 comp>atively1 aft] ! h[1 & too little aft] ! :y4 ,n[ if ^! p>agraphs1 descriptive ( ! condition ( common s*ools & ! qualifications ( tea*]s at ! comm5cem5t ( ! educational re=m 9 ,new ,york1 are applicable to ^? /ates ( ! ,union ^: provisions = g5]al education are n equal to :at h]s !n 71 no?+ c be pla9] ?an t !re exi/s an imp]ative dem& = ! e/abli%m5t ( normal s*ools 9 e "p ( ! ,union4 ,massa*usetts has ?ree2 b h] provisions 9 ?is respect are n adequate to h] necessities4 ,union s*ools1 & sy/ems ( grad$ s*ools 9 cities & villages1 %\ld possess a normal *>act]i/ic2 t is1 "y m5 & wom5 :o h ! requisite natural & acquir$ ability %\ld be employ$ z assi/ants 9 ! l[] dep>tm5ts1 & %\ld su/a9 ess5tially ! relation ( appr5tic$ tea*]s1 to be promot$ or discont9u$ accord+ z !y %all prove !mselves wor?y or o!rwise4 ,9 ! public s*ools ( ! city ( ,new ,york !re are ab\t two hundr$ tea*]s ( ?is description4 ,^! & all ! less exp]i5c$ tea*]s meet at a /at$ "t e week = ! purpose ( receiv+ normal in/ruction f a committee ( tea*]s ^: in/ructions are adapt$ to _! wants4 ,a simil> feature has be5 adopt$ 9 o!r cities1 & 9 _m villages1 & %\ld become univ]sal among u4 ,9 connection ) ! sugge/ions ,i h j introduc$ f a =m] report1 ,i wi% to say1 ,i "k ( no re=m :i* is m ne$$ 9 our s*ools ?an t ( r5d]+ in/ruction at once ?or\gh & practical4 ,! sugge/ion 9 ! note on ! #dbh? page1 9 relation to tea*+ ! alphabet1 w admit ( g5]al application4 ,z fa/ z pr9ciples are le>n$1 !y %\ld be appli$4 ,practical que/ions = ! ex]cise ( ! /ud5t %\ld be int]sp]s$ ) ! lessons 9 all our text-books1 :5 ! nature ( ! subject w admit ( x4 ,:5 ^! are n giv5 by ! au?or1 !y %\ld be suppli$ by ! tea*]4 ,i w illu/rate by an example4 ,sev]al ye>s ago a tea*] _h ! *>ge ( a class 9 natural philosophy4 ,!re 7 no que/ions 9 ! text-book us$ = ! ex]cise ( ! /ud5t1 z "h recomm5d$4 ,9 treat+ ^u ! hydraulic press1 ! au?or said1 9 relation to ! =ce to be obta9$ by its use1 ,if a pressure ( two tons be giv5 to a pi/on1 ! diamet] ( :i* is only a qu>t] ( an in*1 ! =ce transmitt$ to ! o!r pi/on1 if ?ree feet 9 diamet]1 w\ld be upw>d ( =ty ?\s& tons4 ,! tea*] inquir$ ( ! class1 ,h[ mu* upw>d ( =ty ?\s& tons w\ld ! pressure be8 ,n "o 9 a l>ge class 0 prep>$ to answ] ! "q4 ,"s ( ! s*ol>s laugh$ outright at ! idea ( ask+ su* a "q4 ,aft] a few famili> rem>ks by ! tea*]1 ! class 0 dismiss$4 ,?is "q1 h[ev]1 con/itut$ a "p ( _! review lesson4 ,! next day f\nd x solv$ by e memb] ( ! class4 ,sev]al ( ! s*ol>s said to ! tea*] t !y _h d]iv$ m practical in=mation 9 relation to natural philosophy f ! solution ( ?is "o "q1 ?an !y _h previ\sly acquir$ 9 /udy+ x sev]al qu>t]s4 ,9 treat+ ^u ! velocity ( fall+ bodies1 su* que/ions z ! foll[+ might be ask$3 ,suppose a body 9 a vacuum falls sixte5 feet ! fir/ second1 h[ f> w x fall ! fir/ ?ree seconds8 ,h[ f> w x fall ! next ?ree seconds8 ,h[ mu* fur!r w x fall dur+ ! n9? second ?an 9 ! fif?8 ,if ?is p>agraph %\ld be read by any tea*] or /ud5t ( natural philosophy :o has n be5 accu/om$ ?us to apply pr9ciples1 ! au?or w\ld sugge/ t x may be f\nd pleasant & p]haps pr(itable to pause & solve ^! que/ions be=e read+ fur!r4 ,! importance ( r$uc+ imm$iately to practice e ?+ t is le>n$1 is no less ess5tial 9 moral & religi\s education ?an 9 physical or intellectual4 ,inde$1 any ?+ %ort ( ?is is jeop>d+ "o's de>e/ int]e/s2 = to him t kn[e? to d good & doe? x n1 to him x is s94 ,! practical educator %\ld be> 9 m9d t man is susceptible ( progression 9 8 moral & religi\s nature z well z 9 8 physical & intellectual4 ,cease to d evil2 le>n to d well1 is ! ,div9e comm&4 ,he :o does only ! =m] has b a negative goodness4 ,! practice ( ! latt] is ess5tial to ! heal?ful condition ( ! s\l4 ,x is important t we seek e>ne/ly to be cleans$ f secret faults4 ,)\t ?is1 our progress 9 excell5ce w at be/ be sl[4 ,:ile ! way ( ! wick$ is z d>kness1 & !y /umble at !y "k n :at1 x is nev]!less true t ! pa? ( ! j is z ! %9+ light1 t %9e? m & m unto ! p]fect day4 ,und]/&+ :at we d ( ! nature ( man1 ! subject ( education1 & kn[+ t ! fe> ( ! ,"l is ! beg9n+ ( wisdom1 & t ! ,great ,tea*]1 :o taught z "o hav+ au?ority1 ha? said1 ,seek ye fir/ ! k+dom ( ,god & 8 righte\sness1 c we reg>d x any ?+ less ?an consummate folly to ent] ^u ! "w ( education 9 ! op5 neglect ( ^! precepts8 ,%\ld we n r *e]fully comply ) !m1 & d :at we c to enc\rage all tea*]s1 & all :o receive in/ruction1 to reg>d ?is law ( progression1 s t1 :ile _! physical & intellectual natures are be+ cultivat$ & develop$1 !y may n rema9 babes 9 ! practice ( morality & ! ,*ri/ian virtues1 b gr[ 9 grace & 9 ! k ( ! ,"l & ,savior ,jesus ,*ri/8 ,we c n expect ! /ud5t w excel 8 tea*]1 if inde$ he equals him1 9 m]ely intellectual pursuits2 mu* less c we reasonably look = sup]ior atta9m5ts 9 morals & religion4 ,if1 !n1 ! tea*] w\ld secure ! mo/ p]fect ob$i5ce ( 8 s*ol>s f ! highe/ motives1 he mu/ %[ !m t he himself *e]fully & habitually complies1 9 he>t & 9 life1 ) all ! precepts ( ! ,great ,tea*]1 ) :om is lodg$ all au?ority1 & f :om he d]ives 84 ,:5 ! memb]s ( a s*ool become conv9c$ t _! tea*] habitually asks wisdom ( ! ,supreme ,educator1 ^: w he aims con/antly to d1 !y w feel almo/ irresi/ibly urg$ to yield ob$i5ce to ! precepts ( ,*ri/ianity1 &1 ) suitable enc\ragem5t1 w take ^u !mselves ! easy yoke ( ,*ri/4#ge #ge ,9 a =m] *apt]1 ! necessity ( moral & religi\s education 0 dwelt ^u at l5g?4 ,! importance ( ! ,scriptures z a text-book1 conta9+ z !y d ! only p]fect code ( morals kn[n to man1 & ! objections sometimes urg$ aga9/ _! use1 7 duly consid]$4 ,i wi% "h simply to add1 t _! exclusion f our s*ools w\ld be ev5 m sect>ian ?an _! p]v]t$ use2 = ! a!i/ical plan1 :i* =bids ! entrance ( ! ,bible into multitudes ( our s*ools1 "u ! pret5se ( exclud+ sect>ianism1 %uts out ,*ri/ianity1 & e/abli%es ! influ5ce ( a s+le sect1 t w\ld de?rone ! ,creator1 & break up e bond ( social ord]4 ,ev5 common ari?metic1 :5 well taught1 & illu/rat$ by judici\sly con/ruct$ examples1 may be made n only m practical ?an x has usually be5 h]et(ore1 b :ile ! /ud5t is becom+ acqua9t$ ) ! sci5ce ( numb]s1 x may be r5d]$ an effici5t in/rum5tality 9 %[+ ! advantages ( k & virtue1 & ! exp5se & burd5 to ! community ( ignorance & crime1 ?us promot+ ! great "w ( moral culture1 z is beautifully illu/rat$ by ! foll[+ examples1 select$ f a rec5t treatise on t subject3 ,9 ! t[n ( ,bury1 ,engl&1 ) an e/imat$ population ( tw5ty-five ?\s&1 ! exp5diture = be] & spirits1 9 ! ye> #ahcf1 0 e/imat$ at ,l#ed1aij4 ,if ?is 0 #bd p] c5t4 ( ! entire loss1 result+ f ! wa/e ( money1 ill heal?1 loss ( labor1 & ! o!r evils att5dant ^u intoxication1 :at 0 ! av]age loss f intemp]ance1 = ea* man1 woman1 & *ild 9 ! place1 e/imat+ ! p\nd /]l+ at #d4hj4 ,ans4 #dc1ccb4 ,?is "o example may d m1 9 _m in/ances1 t[>d e/abli%+ "y m5 :o may be engag$ 9 its solution 9 habits ( total ab/95ce1 ?an a score ( lectures on temp]ance1 or z _m lessons on dome/ic or political economy4 ,! foll[+1 also1 may m effectually *eck exi/+ abuses ( "s ( ! laws ( heal? & longevity ?an a mon?'s /udy ( physiology & moral sci5ce3 ,x has be5 e/imat$ t a man1 9 a prop]ly v5tilat$ room1 c "w twelve h\rs a day ) no great] inconv5i5ce ?an w\ld be occasion$ by t5 h\rs' "w 9 a room badly v5tilat$2 & t1 :]e !re is prop] v5tilation1 a man may ga9 t5 ye>s' good labor on acc\nt ( unimpair$ heal?4 ,accord+ to ?is e/imate1 :at is ! loss 9 ?irty ye>s to ea* individual 9 a badly-v5tilat$ "w-%op1 valu+ ! labor at t5 c5ts p] h\r8 ,ans4 #ejjh4 ,:at an a/oni%+ result6 ,five ?\s& & eight doll>s money$ loss to ea* individual :o respires impure air1 e/imat+ labor at b t5 c5ts an h\r4 ,n[ suppose ?is loss occurs only 9 ! case ( ! eight hundr$ ?\s& vot]s 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates :o are unable to read & write--& x mu/ accrue to a mu* great] numb] ( p]sons--& "o f\r? ( ! annual loss w\ld be suffici5t to ma9ta9 an effici5t sy/em ( common s*ools 9 e /ate ( ! ,union ! entire ye>4 ,x has sometimes be5 said1 ev5 by individuals occupy+ high /ations 9 society1 t p]sons ( ! second or ?ird ord] ( intellect make ! be/ s*ool-tea*]s4 ,b 9 ! light ( :at has be5 said1 ?is /atem5t ne$s b be made to prove its fallacy4 ,9 ord] prop]ly to fill ! tea*]s' (fice1 we ne$ m5 & wom5 ( ! fir/ ord] ( intellect1 br\ght to a high /ate ( cultivation4 ,a well-qualifi$ & fai?ful s*ool-tea*] e>ns1 & ( "r ought to receive1 a sal>y equal to t paid to ! cl]gyman1 or receiv$ by ! memb]s ( ! o!r le>n$ pr(essions4 ,he :o c tea* a good s*ool c ord9>ily engage ) proportionate success 9 m lucrative pursuits4 ,s true is ?is rem>k1 t sc>cely a man c be f\nd t has atta9$ to any consid]able em95ce z a tea*]1 :o has n be5 repeat$ly solicit$1 & p]haps /rongly tempt$1 to rel9qui% tea*+ & engage 9 pursuits less labori\s & m pr(itable4 ,_m yield to ?is temptation1 & h5ce mu* ( ! be/ tal5t has be5 attract$ to ! o!r pr(essions4 ,s*ool committees1 h[ev]1 c g5]ally secure ! s]vices ( tea*]s ( any grade ( qualifications !y desire1 ^u ! simple condition ( (f]+ an adequate remun]ation4 ,we h said1 z is ! tea*] s w be ! s*ool4 ,we might add1 z are ! wages1 s ord9>ily is ! tea*]4 ,let x be und]/ood t 9 any t[n%ip1 c\nty1 or /ate1 a high ord] ( tea*]s is call$ =1 & t an adequate remun]ation w be giv51 & ! dem& w be suppli$4 ,well-qualifi$ tea*]s w be call$ 9 f abroad until compet5t ones c be tra9$ up at home4 ,"h1 z 9 o!r dep>tm5ts ( labor1 z is ! dem&1 s w be ! supply4 ,! be/ means :i* citiz5s c employ to give "* & /ability to ! vocation ( ! tea*] is to select compet5t & wor?y individuals to take ! *>ge ( _! s*ools1 & !n pay !m s lib]ally t !y c h no pecuni>y inducem5t to *ange _! employm5t4 ,let ?is be g5]ally done1 & tea*+ w soon be rais$1 9 public e/imation1 to ! rank ( a le>n$ pr(ession2 & ! f\r? le>n$ pr(ession--! vocation ( ! practical educator--w be tak5 up = life by z great a proportion ( m5 & wom5 em95t = tal5t1 cultivation1 & moral wor?1 z ei!r ( ! o!r ?ree pr(essions h ev] be5 able to boa/4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,s*ools ,,%\ld ,,cont9ue ,,?r\gh ,,! ,,ye>4 ,s*ools %\ld be kept op5 at lea/ t5 full mon?s dur+ ! ye>2 9 o!r words1 ! entire ye>1 ) ! usual qu>t]ly or semi-annual vacations4--,mi*igan ,s*ool ,report4 ,x is n en\gh t good s*ool-h\ses be provid$ & well-qualifi$ tea*]s be employ$4 ,our s*ools %\ld be kept op5 a suffici5t l5g? ( "t dur+ ! ye> to make _! influ5ce /rongly & mo/ favorably felt4 ,! "w ( in/ruction1 :ile x is go+ =w>d1 %\ld be ! bus9ess ( bo? tea*]s & s*ol>s4 ,if *ildr5 are habituat$ to indu/ry1 to close application1 to h>d /udy1 & to good p]sonal1 social1 & moral habits dur+ ! p]iod ( _! att5dance ^u s*ool1 ^! habits w be favorably felt 9 aft] life1 9 ! developm5t ( *>act]s ^: possessors w be at once respectable & useful memb]s ( society1 & a bless+ to ! age 9 :i* !y live4 ,on ! contr>y1 if *ildr5 are all[$ to att5d an indiff]5t s*ool ?ree mon?s dur+ ! ye>1 to "w ?ree mon?s1 to play ?ree mon?s1 & are p]mitt$ to sp5d ! rema9+ ?ree mon?s 9 idl5ess1 ! influ5ce ( ?is c\rse w be felt1 & x w be likely to give "* to _! future lives4 ,"u su* circum/ances1 ! good1 if any1 t *ildr5 w receive :ile att5d+ an indiff]5t s*ool "o f\r? ( ! ye>1 w be m ?an c\nt]balanc$ by ! evil influ5ces t surr\nd !m dur+ ! half ( ! ye> !y devote to play & idl5ess4 ,we c n reasonably expect t *ildr5 br\ght up "u su* unfavorable & di/ract+ influ5ces w become ev5 respectable memb]s ( society1 mu* less t !y w be a bless+ to ! g5]ation 9 :i* !y live4 ,9 villages & d5sely-settl$ neighborhoods s*ools %\ld be kept op5 at lea/ t5 full mon?s dur+ ! ye>2 9 o!r words1 ! entire ye>1 ) ! usual qu>t]ly or semi-annual vacations2 &1 if possible1 !y %\ld n1 "u any circum/ances1 be cont9u$ less ?an eight mon?s4 ,&1 ,i may add1 ! same tea*] %\ld be reta9$ 9 ! *>ge ( a s*ool1 :]ev] practicable1 f ye> to ye>4 ,! tea*] occupies1 = ! "t be+1 ! place ( ! p>5t4 ,b :at k9d ( gov]nm5t & discipl9e %\ld we expect 9 a family :]e a new /ep-fa!r or /ep-"m is introduc$ & inve/$ ) p>5tal au?ority e six mon?s1 & :]e ! *ildr5 are left 9 orphanage half ( ! ye>6 ,mu* m may we inquire1 :at k9d ( in/ruction & educational tra9+ may we reasonably expect 9 a l>ge s*ool ^: wants are no bett] provid$ =6 ,a s*ool-tea*] %\ld be select$ ) z great c>e z ! m9i/] ( ! p>i%2 & :5 select$1 ! s]vices ( ! "o %\ld be cont9u$ z un9t]rupt$ly & p]man5tly z ^? ( ! o!r4 ,!n w be beautifully illu/rat$ ?is int]e/+ tru?3 ,x is easi]1 *eap]1 & pleasant] incomp>ably1 & inf9itely m effectual1 rightly to tra9 ! ris+ g5]ation1 ?an x is to re=m m5 gr[n old 9 s94 ,lalor1 9 8 prize essay on education1 publi%$ t5 ye>s ago 9 ,london1 has record$ a k9dr$ s5tim5t 9 ?is v beautiful & highly-expressive language3 ,! s*oolma/] alone1 go+ =? ) ! p[] ( intellig5ce & a moral purpose among ! infant m9ds ( ! community1 c /op ! flood ( vice & crime at its s\rce1 by repress+ 9 *ildhood ^? wild passions :i* are its spr+s4 ,nay1 (t5 w ! mature m9d1 h>d z adamant aga9/ ! t]rors ( ! law & ! contempt ( society1 be s(t5$ to te>s ( p5it5ce by ! innoc5ce ( its educat$ *ild speak+ unconsci\s repro(4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,e ,,*ild ,,%\ld ,,att5d ,,s*ool4 ,! plan ( ?is nation 0 n1 & is n1 to see h[ _m individuals we c raise up :o %all be di/+ui%$1 b to see h[ high1 by free s*ools & free in/itutions1 we c raise ! great mass ( population4--,,rev4 ,,john ,,todd4 ,i promis$ ,god t ,i w\ld look ^u e ,prussian peasant *ild z a be+ :o c\ld compla9 ( me be=e ,god if ,i did n provide = him ! be/ education1 z a man & a ,*ri/ian1 :i* x 0 possible = me to provide4--,,s*ool-,,c\nselor ,,d9t]4 ,good s*ool-h\ses maybe built1 well-qualifi$ tea*]s may be employ$1 & s*ools may be kept op5 ! entire ye>1 b all ?is w n secure ! correct education ( ! p1 unless ^? s*ools are patroniz$2 patroniz$1 n by a few p]sons1 n by "o half1 or ?ree f\r?s ev5 ( a community1 b by ! :ole community4 ,z 0 said 9 a =m] *apt]1 !re is no safety b 9 ! education ( ! masses4 ,a few vile p]sons w ta9t & infect a :ole neighborhood4 ,9 ! graphic language ( ! ,scriptures1 ,"o s9n] de/roye? mu* good4 ,! bett] portions ( ! community e :]e provide = ! education ( _! *ildr54 ,if !y are n in/ruct$ at home1 !y are s5t to good s*ools1 public or private1 :]e _! education is well look$ aft]4 ,un=tunately1 ^? *ildr5 ^: education is mo/ neglect$ at home are ! v ones1 usually1 t are s5t lea/ to s*ool1 & :5 at all1 to ! poore/ s*ools4 ,b h[ %all ! evil 9 "q be rem$i$8 ,h[ %all we secure ! att5dance ( *ildr5 g5]ally at ! s*ools1 provid$ good ones are e/abli%$8 ,9 ! fir/ place1 dilig5t ef=t %\ld be made to ar\se ! public m9d to an appreciation ( ! importance & necessity ( univ]sal att5dance4 ,?is w g f> t[>d rem$y+ ! evil4 ,x %\ld be made e :]e unpopul>1 & be reg>d$ z di%onorable 9 a memb] ( our social compact1 & unwor?y ( a citiz5 ( a free /ate1 to br+ up a *ild )\t giv+ him su* an education z %all fit him = ! dis*>ge ( ! duties ( an ,am]ican citiz54 ,b !re is a portion ( almo/ e community :o feel h>dly able to all[ _! *ildr5 ! necess>y "t to pursue an ext5d$ c\rse ( common s*ool education1 & :o are really unable to clo! !m prop]ly1 furni% !m ) useful books1 & pay _! tuition4 ,?is class1 al?\gh comp>atively small1 is n unimportant4 ,! legal provisions made = su* *ildr5 v>y 9 diff]5t /ates4 ,:]ev] ! free s*ool pr9ciple is adopt$1 _! tuition is ( c\rse provid$ =4 ,?is provision 9 "s in/ances ext5ds fur!r4 ,! /atutes ( ,mi*igan relat+ to prim>y s*ools make x ! duty ( ! di/rict bo>d to exempt f ! paym5t ( tea*]s' wages n only1 b f provid+ fuel = ! use ( ! di/rict1 all su* p]sons resid+ !re9 z 9 _! op9ion ought to be exempt$1 & to admit ! *ildr5 ( su* p]sons to ! s*ool free ( *>ge n only1 b ! di/rict bo>d is au?oriz$ to pur*ase1 at ! exp5se ( ! di/rict1 su* books z may be necess>y = ! use ( *ildr5 ?us admitt$ by !m to ! di/rict s*ool4 ,! entire exp5se incurr$ = tuition1 fuel1 & books1 9 su* cases1 is assum$ by ! di/rict1 & paid by a tax levi$ ^u ! prop]ty !re(4 ,we h n[ arriv$ at an int]e/+ crisis4 ,we h exhau/$ ! legal provision1 g5]\s z x is1 & yet ! bless+ ( univ]sal education is n secur$ to ^? :o w succe$ u4 ,good s*ools may e :]e be e/abli%$1 9 :i* ! weal?y1 & ^? 9 com=table circum/ances1 may educate _! *ildr54 ,provision--yes1 g5]\s provision1 ?\gh b j--has be5 made to meet ! exp5se ( tuition & books = ! *ildr5 ( indig5t p>5ts4 ,/ill1 !y may n suffici5tly appreciate an education to s5d _! *ildr52 or1 if ?is be n s1 !y may keep !m at home f motives ( delicacy1 be+ unable to clo! !m dec5tly4 ,h[ %all su* cases be met8 ,h[ %all we actually br+ su* *ildr5 into ! peaceable possession & enjoym5t ( a good common s*ool education1 t ri* legacy :i* noble-m9d$ legislators h bequea!d to !m1 & :i* is ! inali5able "r ( e son & daught] ( ?is republic8 ,legislation has already1 9 _m ( ! /ates1 done mu*--p]haps all t c be reasonably expect$1 at lea/1 until a good common education %all be bett] appreciat$ by ! community at l>ge1 & be rank$1 z x ought to be1 among ! necess>ies ( life4 ,! "w1 !n1 mu/ be consummat$ *iefly by ! unit$ & well-direct$ ef=ts ( b5evol5t & philan?ropic individuals4 ,b5evol5t females--& especially ,*ri/ian mo!rs1 :o h long be5 pre-em95tly di/+ui%$ = _! successful ef=ts 9 protect+ ! innoc5t1 adm9i/]+ to ! wants ( ! necessit\s1 & reclaim+ ! w&]] f ! pa?s ( vice--h felt ! claims ( ?is innoc5t & un(f5d+ portion ( ! community1 & h1 9 "s in/ances1 organiz$ !mselves into associations to meet ^? claims4 ,b5evol5t & ,*ri/ian females c d\btless accompli% m1 by visit+ ! poor & ne$y 9 _! respective s*ool di/ricts1 & mak+ kn[n unto !m _! privileges1 & enc\rag+ & assi/+ !m1 if ne$ be1 to avail !mselves ( ^! privileges1 ?an by ! same exp5diture ( "t & means 9 any o!r way4 ,!y h long & v g5]ally be5 accu/om$ to clo! ! *ildr5 ( ! de/itute1 & accompany !m to ! ,sunday-s*ool1 & !re tea* !m ^? ?+s :i* p]ta9 to _! pres5t & ev]la/+ well-be+1 & h ?us accompli%$ incalculable good2 b by co-op]at+ ) ! civil au?orities 9 secur+ ! att5dance ( e *ild 9 _! respective di/ricts at ! improv$ common s*ool1 !y c h>dly fail to accompli% va/ly m4 ,sev]al associations h be5 =m$ = ?is noble purpose1 & _m *ildr5 :o1 b = _! fo/]+ c>e1 w\ld h rema9$ at _! *e]less homes1 h1 by ?is labor ( love1 be5 s\ght out1 prop]ly c>$ =1 & l$ to ! common s*ool1 t f\nta9 ( intellectual life1 & ( social & moral culture1 :i* is alike op5 to all4 ,g5tlem5 %\ld ev]y:]e enc\rage ! =mation ( su* associations1 &1 :5 =m$1 %\ld (f] e facility 9 _! p[] to increase _! usefulness4 ,cl]gym5 might help =w>d su* b5evol5t labors1 :]e !y are ent]$ ^u1 by prea*+ occasionally f t good text1 ,help ^? wom54 ,b !re are two classes ( our fell[-citiz5s--p]haps ,i %\ld say fell[-be+s--:o1 not)/&+ ! abundant legal provisions to :i* ,i h ref]r$1 & ! utmo/ t ! b5evol5t & philan?ropic c accompli% by volunt>y ef=t1 w utt]ly refuse to give _! *ildr5 su* an education z we h be5 contemplat+4 ,^! are1 fir/1 m5 9 com=table circum/ances1 :o h s mu* bl9dness ( m9d1 & su* an utt] disreg>d = ! welf>e ( _! (fspr+1 z to deprive !m ( ! advantages ( ev5 a common s*ool education2 &1 secondly1 ^? :o h su* an obduracy ( he>t z absolutely to refuse to all[ _! *ildr5 to att5d s*ool1 & :o1 al?\gh ! abundant provisions ( ! law are made kn[n unto !m1 9 meekness & love1 by man's gu>dian angel1 prove utt]ly incorrigible4 ,su* p]sons are unwor?y to su/a9 ! p>5tal relation1 & ! safety ( ! community requires t ! =feiture be claim$1 & t ! "r ( control be transf]r$ f su* unnatural p>5ts to ! civil au?orities2 =1 z ,k5t says1 ,a p>5t :o s5ds 8 son into ! _w un$ucat$1 & )\t skill 9 any art or sci5ce1 does a great injury to mank9d z well z to 8 own family1 = he defrauds ! community ( a useful citiz51 & bequea?s to x a nuisance4 ,h[ true is x t ! mobs1 ! riots1 ! burn+s1 ! lyn*+s p]petrat$ by ! m5 ( ! pres5t day1 are p]petrat$ because ( _! vici\s or defective education :5 *ildr56 ,we see & feel ! havoc & ! ravage ( _! tig] passions n[1 :5 !y are full gr[n1 b x 0 ye>s ago t !y 7 :elp$ & suckl$4 ,9 ! v expressive language ( ,macaulay1 ! "r to ,,hang includes ! "r to ,,educate4 ,?is is n a /range nor a new idea4 ,x long ago ent]$ into civil codes 9 ! ,old ,_w n only1 b 9 ! ,new4 ,9 ,prussia1 :5 a p>5t refuses1 )\t satisfactory excuse1 to s5d 8 *ild to s*ool ! "t requir$ by law1 he is cit$ be=e ! c\rt1 tri$1 &1 if he refuses compliance1 ! *ild is tak5 f him & s5t to s*ool1 & ! fa!r to prison4 ,simil> laws 7 enact$ & en=c$ by our ,new ,engl& fa!rs m ?an two hundr$ ye>s ago1 :i* hi/ory in=ms u 7 att5d$ ) ! mo/ b5eficial results4#gf ,al?\gh _! desc5dants ( ! pres5t g5]ation %\ld blu% = _! deg5]acy1 /ill we %\ld be enc\rag$ f an increas+ disposition ( late to return to ^! salut>y re/ra9ts & ne$ful *ecks ^u ignorance & crime4 ,said ! ,honorable ,josiah ,qu9cy1 ,jr41 late mayor ( ! city ( ,bo/on1 9 8 inaugural address1 ,i hold t ! /ate has a "r to compel p>5ts to take advantage ( ! means ( educat+ _! *ildr54 ,if x c puni% !m = crime1 x %\ld surely h ! p[] ( prev5t+ !m f committ+ x1 by giv+ !m ! habits & ! education t are ! sure/ safegu>ds4 ,simil> s5tim5ts h be5 rec5tly promulgat$ by ! heads ( ! s*ool dep>tm5ts ( sev]al /ates 9 _! (ficial reports1 & by gov]nors 9 _! annual messages2 & we h mu* reason = believ+ t ! "t is n di/ant :5 an enlight5$ public s5tim5t %all dem& ! re-enactm5t ( ^! mo/ salut>y laws ( our ance/ors4 #gf ,! foll[+ p>agraph is f ! ,massa*usetts ,colony ,laws ( #afdb2 ,=asmu* z ! good education ( *ildr5 is ( s+ul> beho( & b5efit to any commonweal?1 & :]eas _m p>5ts & ma/]s are too indol5t & neglig5t ( _! duty 9 t k9d1 x is ord]$ t ! select-m5 ( e t[n 9 ! sev]al prec9cts & qu>t]s1 :]e !y dwell1 %all h a vigilant eye ov] _! bre?r5 & neighbors1 to see1 fir/1 t none ( !m %all suff] s mu* b>b>ism 9 any ( _! families z n to tea*1 by !mselves or o!rs1 _! *ildr5 & appr5tices s mu* le>n+ z may enable !m p]fectly to read ! ,engli% tongue1 & k ( ! capital laws1 ^u p5alty ( tw5ty %ill+s = ea* neglect !re94 ,,compulsory ,,att5dance ,,^u ,,s*ool4--,s9ce ! prec$+ p>agraphs 7 prep>$ = ! pr9t]1 ! au?or has receiv$ ! /atutes & resolves ( ! ,massa*usetts ,legislature ( #ahej1 relat+ to education1 :i* recognize ! pr9ciple "h cont5d$ =4 ,ea* ( ! sev]al cities & t[ns 9 t commonweal? is au?oriz$ & emp[]$ to make all ne$ful provisions & arrangem5ts conc]n+ habitual truants1 & *ildr5 n att5d+ s*ool1 )\t any regul> & lawful occupation1 gr[+ up 9 ignorance1 betwe5 ! ages ( six & fifte5 ye>s2 &1 also1 all su* ord9ances & by-laws respect+ su* *ildr5 z %all be deem$ mo/ conducive to _! welf>e & ! good ord] ( su* city or t[n2 & !re %all be annex$ to su* ord9ances suitable p5alties1 n exce$+1 = any "o brea*1 a f9e ( tw5ty doll>s4 ,x is made ! duty ( ! sev]al cities & t[ns avail+ !mselves ( ! provisions ( ?is act1 to appo9t1 at ! annual meet+s ( said t[ns1 or annually by ! mayor & ald]m5 ( said cities1 ?ree or m p]sons1 :o alone %all be au?oriz$ to make ! compla9ts1 9 e case ( violation ( said ord9ances or by-laws1 to ! ju/ice ( ! peace1 or o!r judicial (fic]1 :o1 by said ord9ances1 %all h jurisdiction 9 ! matt]1 :i* p]sons ?us appo9t$ %all alone h au?ority to c>ry into execution ! judgm5ts ( said ju/ices ( ! peace1 or o!r judicial (fic]4 ,x is fur!r provid$ t ! said ju/ices ( ! peace1 or o!r judicial (fic]1 %all1 9 all cases1 at _! discretion1 9 place ( ! f9e a=esaid1 be au?oriz$ to ord] *ildr5 prov$ be=e !m to be gr[+ up 9 truancy1 & )\t ! b5efit ( ! education provid$ = !m by law1 to be plac$1 = su* p]iods ( "t z !y may judge exp$i5t1 9 su* in/itution ( in/ruction1 or h\se ( re=mation1 or o!r suitable situation1 z may be assign$ or provid$ = ! purpose 9 ea* city or t[n avail+ itself ( ! p[]s h]e9 grant$4 ,?is pr9ciple has be5 incorporat$ into sev]al municipal codes4 ,*ildr5 9 ! city ( ,bo/on1 "u sixte5 ye>s ( age1 ^: p>5ts are dead1 or1 if liv+1 d1 f vice1 or any o!r cause1 neglect to provide suitable employm5t =1 or to ex]cise salut>y control ov] !m1 may be s5t by ! c\rt to ! h\se ( re=mation4 ,by ! late act1 e/abli%+ ! ,/ate ,re=m ,s*ool1 male convicts "u sixte5 ye>s ( age may be s5t to ?is s*ool f any "p ( ! commonweal?1 to be !re in/ruct$ 9 piety & morality1 & 9 su* bran*es ( useful k z %all be adapt$ to _! age & capacity4 ,! inmates may be b\nd out2 b1 9 execut+ ?is "p ( _! duty1 ! tru/ees %all h scrupul\s reg>d to ! religi\s & moral "* ( ^? to :om !y are b\nd1 to ! end t !y may secure to ! boys ! b5efit ( a good example1 & :olesome in/ruction1 & ! sure means ( improvem5t 9 virtue & k1 & ?us ! opportunity ( becom+ intellig5t1 moral1 useful1 & happy citiz5s ( ! commonweal?4 ,! ,massa*usetts ,/ate ,re=m ,s*ool is design$ to be a s*ool = ! in/ruction1 re=mation1 & employm5t ( juv5ile (f5d]s4 ,any boy "u sixte5 ye>s ( age1 convict$ ( any (f5se puni%able by imprisonm5t o!r ?an = life1 may be s5t5c$ to ?is s*ool4 ,"h he may be kept dur+ ! t]m ( 8 s5t5ce2 or he may be b\nd out z an appr5tice2 or1 9 case he proves incorrigible1 he may be s5t to prison1 z he w\ld orig9ally h be5 b = ! exi/5ce ( ?is s*ool4 ,! build+s erect$ are suffici5tly l>ge = ?ree hundr$ boys4 ,atta*$ to ! e/abli%m5t is a l>ge f>m1 ! co/ ( all :i*1 :5 ! build+s are complet$ & furni%$1 & ! f>m /ock$ & provid$ ) agricultural implem5ts1 x is e/imat$ w be ab\t "o hundr$ ?\s& doll>s4 ,a citiz5 ( t /ate has giv5 tw5ty-two ?\s& five hundr$ doll>s to ?is in/itution1 p>tly to defray pa/ exp5ses & p>tly to =m a fund = its future b5efit4 ,9 visit+ ?is noble in/itution1 "o c n b ?9k h[ closely x resembles1 9 _s & 9 purpose1 ! mission ( ,him :o came to seek & to save t :i* 0 lo/2 & yet1 9 trav]s+ its spaci\s halls & corridors1 ! e*o ( ea* footfall seems to say t "o t5? "p ( its co/ w\ld h done m 9 ! way ( prev5tion ?an its :ole am\nt c accompli% 9 ! way ( reclaim+1 & w\ld1 besides1 h sav$ a ?\s& pangs t h torn p>5tal he>ts1 & a ?\s& m w\nds 9 ! he>ts ( ! *ildr5 !mselves1 :i* no human p[] c ev] :olly heal4 ,:5 w ! /ate le>n t x is bett] to sp5d its units = prev5tion ?an t5s & hundr$s = rem$y8 ,h[ long mu/ ! /ate1 l ^? same un=tunate *ildr51 suff] ! puni%m5t ( ,,_! exi/5ce be=e ,,x w be re=m$8 ,k9dr$ in/itutions h exi/$ 9 sev]al ( our pr9cipal cities = a qu>t] ( a c5tury1 among :i* are ! ,h\se ( ,re=mation = ,juv5ile ,del9qu5ts 9 ,new ,york1 ! ,h\se ( ,refuge 9 ,philadelphia1 & ! ,h\se ( ,re=mation 9 ,bo/on4 ,consid]+ ! degradation ( _! p>5ts1 ! abs5ce ( correct e>ly in/ruction1 & ! corrupt+ influ5ces to :i* ! *ildr5 s5t to ^! in/itutions h be5 expos$1 becom+ g5]ally crim9als be=e any ef=t has be5 made by ! humane = _! correct educational tra9+1 "o may well wond] at ! success :i* has cr[n$ ! ef=ts t h be5 put =? 9 _! behalf1 = ! great] "p ( !m are effectually & p]man5tly re=m$4 ,?is1 h[ev]1 only %[s m cle>ly ! p[] ( education1 & ! advantages t may be d]iv$ f ! e/abli%m5t & ma9t5ance ( improv$ common s*ools ?r\gh\t our c\ntry4 ,b h[ are ^! re=ms effect$8 ,! means are simple1 & are slightly diff]5t f ^? already describ$ = ! correct tra9+ ( un(f5d+ *ildr54 ,take1 = in/ance1 ! ,h\se ( ,re=mation 9 ! ,city ( ,new ,york4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 !y h a good s*ool-h\se1 embrac+ ne>ly all ! mod]n improvem5ts4 ,! y>d & play-gr\nd are ( ample dim5sions1 & are inclos$ by a sub/antial f5ce4 ,?is con/itutes a b>ri] beyond :i* ! *ildr51 once )91 c n pass4 ,b ! clean gravel-walks1 ! beautiful %ade-trees1 ! gre5 grass-plats1 ! sp>kl+ f\nta9s1 ! ornam5tal fl[]-g>d51 all conspire to r5d] ! place delightful4 ,x is1 inde$1 a prison 9 "o s5se1 b ! *ildr5 seem h>dly to "k x4 ,!n1 aga91 well-qualifi$ tea*]s & sup]9t5d5ts are employ$4 ,! _s :i* actuates !m is t ( love4 ,by prov+ !mselves ! fri5ds ( ! *ildr51 ! *ildr5 become _! fri5ds1 & are h5ce easily gov]n$1 consid]+ _! =m] neglect4 ,be+ well in/ruct$1 !y love /udy1 & g5]ally make comm5dable progress4 ,_! habits are regul>1 & !y are con/antly employ$4 ,a portion ( ! day is devot$ to /udy2 ano!r portion to indu/rial pursuits2 & /ill ano!r to recreation & amusem5ts4 ,/rict ob$i5ce is requir$4 ,?is may be yield$ at fir/ f re/ra9t1 b ultimately f love4 ,! love ( k9d & fai?ful tea*]s1 ! love ( approv+ consci5ces1 ! love ( "r1 ! love ( ,god1 sep>ately & conjo9tly influ5ce !m1 until !y c say ultimately ( a tru?1 ,! love ( ,*ri/ con/ra9e? u4 ,_! indu/rial habits are ( incalculable b5efit to !m4 ,!y all le>n "s trade1 & acquire ! habits & ! skill requisite to con/itute !m produc]s1 & ?us practically con=m to ?is fundam5tal law1 t if any man w\ld n "w1 nei!r %\ld he eat4 ,! o!r conditions t h be5 /at$ z ess5tial to success are also compli$ )1 ! s*ol>s be+ kept "u ! influ5ce ( good tea*]s1 & ( ! same tea*]s f ye> to ye>1 dur+ _! cont9uance 9 ! in/itution4 ,! well-qualifi$ & em95tly successful tea*] :o has long be5 connect$ ) ! ,refuge 9 ,new ,york1 9 a late report says1 ,! habits ( indu/ry :i* ! *ildr5 "h acquire w be ( incalculable b5efit to !m ?r\gh life4 ,yet we look ^u ! ,s*ool ,dep>tm5t z ! greate/ ( all ! means employ$ to save our y\?ful *>ge f ignorance & vice4 ,z x is ! m9d & ! he>t t are mo/ly deprav$1 s we mu/ act mo/ly ^u ! m9d & ! he>t to eradicate ?is depravity4 ,! education "h is a moral education4 ,we d endeavor1 x is true1 by all ! p[]s we possess1 to impress ^u ! m9d ! great importance ( a good education2 & n only to impress x ^u ! m9d1 b to assi/ ! m9d to act1 t x may obta9 x4 ,b our pr9cipal aim is to fan into life ! almo/ dy+ sp>k ( virtue1 & k9dle anew ! moral feel+s1 t !y may gl[ ) fre% ardor1 & %9e =? aga9 9 ! beauty ( innoc5ce4 ,our object is n to /ore ! memory ) facts1 b to elevate ! s\l2 n to ?9k = ! *ildr51 b to tea* !m to ?9k = !mselves2 to describe ! road1 & put !m 9 ! way2 nev] to h9t :at !y h be51 nor :at !y are1 b to po9t !m cont9ually to :at !y may be4 ,we feel assur$ t our labor w n be lo/4 ,judg+ ! future f ! pa/1 we are sangu9e 9 our belief t our toils h left an impress ^u ! m9d :i* "t c n efface4 ,sc>cely a week passes b our he>ts are *e]$ & animat$1 & our eyes are gladd5$ at ! sight ( ^? :om we taught 9 by-gone ye>s1 :o bid no fair] !n to *e] u ?an ^? ) :om we labor n[4 ,yet !y are sav$--sav$ to !mselves2 sav$ to society2 sav$ to _! fri5ds--:o1 b = ?is ,refuge1 w\ld h poison$ ! moral atmosph]e ( our l&1 & brea!d ar\nd !m m deadly effluvia ?an t ( ! fabl$ ,upas4 ,! success :i* has att5d$ well-direct$ ef=ts = ! re=mation ( juv5ile del9qu5ts1 & ev5+ free s*ools = ! education ( adults ( all ages ^: e>ly education has be5 neglect$1 ought to inspire ! fri5ds ( human improvem5t ) increas$ confid5ce 9 ! r$eem+ p[] ( a correct e>ly education1 su* z e /ate 9 ?is ,union may provide = all h] *ildr54 ,:5 ?is confid5ce is begott51 & :5 a good common education comes to be g5]ally reg>d$ z ! bir?-"r ( e *ild 9 ! community1 !n may ! fri5ds ( free in/itutions & ( indef9ite human advancem5t look = ! m spe$y realization ( _! long-*]i%$ hopes4 ,= "o g5]ation ! community mu/ be d\bly tax$--once 9 ! re=mation ( juv5ile del9qu5ts1 & 9 ! education ( ignorant adults 9 ev5+ s*ools1 & aga9 9 ! correct tra9+ ( all our *ildr5 9 improv$ s*ools4 ,?is done1 ea* succe$+ g5]ation w come ^u ! /age "u m favorable circum/ances ?an ! prec$+1 & ea* pres5t g5]ation w be bett] prep>$ to educate t :i* is to foll[1 to ! end ( "t4 ,,! ,,r$eem+ ,,p[] ,,( ,,common ,,s*ools4 ,if all our s*ools 7 "u ! *>ge ( tea*]s possess+ :at ,i reg>d z ! "r intellectual & moral qualifications1 & if all ! *ildr5 ( ! community 7 br\ght "u ! influ5ce ( ^! s*ools = t5 mon?s 9 ! ye>1 ,i ?9k t ! "w ( tra9+ up ,,! ,,:ole ,,community to intellig5ce & virtue w\ld soon be accompli%$1 z completely z any human end c be obta9$ by human means4--,,rev4 ,,jacob ,,abbott4 ,i might "h introduce a va/ am\nt ( incontrov]tible evid5ce to %[ t1 if ! att5dance ( all ! *ildr5 9 any commonweal? c\ld be secur$ at su* improv$ common s*ools z we h be5 contemplat+ = t5 mon?s dur+ ! ye>1 f ! age ( f\r to t ( sixte5 ye>s1 !y w\ld prove compet5t to ! removal ( n9ety-n9e "o hundr$?s ( ! evils ) :i* society is n[ infe/$ 9 "o g5]ation1 & t !y w\ld ultimately r$eem ! /ate f social vices & crimes4 ,! ,hon4 ,horace ,mann1 late ,secret>y ( ! ,massa*usetts ,bo>d ( ,education1 issu$ a circul> 9 #ahdg1 9 :i* he rais$ ! "q n[ "u consid]ation4 ,?is circul> 0 s5t out to a l>ge numb] ( ! mo/ exp]i5c$ & reputable tea*]s 9 ! ,nor!rn & ,middle ,/ates1 all ( :om 7 pleas$ to reply to x4 ,ea* reply corroborates ! position "h /at$2 &1 tak5 toge!r z a :ole1 !y are entitl$ to implicit cr$5ce4 ,! :ole correspond5ce is too volum9\s to be "h exhibit$2 ,i c n1 h[ev]1 =be> introduc+ a few illu/rative passages4 ,says ,mr4 ,page1 ! late lam5t$ pr9cipal ( ! ,new ,york ,/ate ,normal ,s*ool1 ,c\ld ,i be connect$ ) a s*ool furni%$ ) all ! appliances y "n2 :]e all ! *ildr5 %\ld be con/ant att5dants ^u my in/ruction = a succession ( ye>s2 :]e all my fell[-tea*]s %\ld be su* z y suppose2 & :]e all ! favorable influ5ces describ$ 9 y\r circul> %\ld surr\nd me & *e] me1 ev5 ) my mod]ate abilities z a tea*]1 ,i %\ld sc>cely expect1 aft] ! fir/ g5]ation submitt$ to ! exp]im5t1 to fail 9 a s+le case to secure ! results y h nam$4 ,mr4 ,solomon ,adams1 ( ,bo/on1 :o has be5 engag$ 9 ! pr(ession ( tea*+ tw5ty-f\r ye>s1 rem>ks z foll[s3 ,p]mit me to say t1 9 v _m cases1 aft] labor+ long ) individuals almo/ aga9/ hope1 & sometimes 9 a mann]1 too1 :i* ,i c n[ see 0 n always wise1 ,i h nev] _h a case :i* has n result$ 9 "s good degree accord+ to my wi%es4 ,! _m k9d & volunt>y te/imonials giv5 ye>s aft]w>d by p]sons :o rememb]$ t !y 7 once my way-w>d pupils1 are among ! pleasante/ & mo/ *e]+ incid5ts ( my life4 ,s uni=m h be5 ! results1 :5 ,i h _h a fair trial & "t en\gh1 t ,i h unhesitat+ly adopt$ ! motto1 ,nev] despair4 ,p>5ts & tea*]s are apt to look = too spe$y results f ! labors ( ! latt]4 ,! moral nature1 l ! intellectual & physical1 is long & sl[ 9 rea*+ ! full maturity ( its /r5g?4 ,i 0 told a few ye>s s9ce by a p]son :o knew ! hi/ory ( ne>ly all my pupils = ! fir/ five ye>s ( my labor1 t n "o ( !m _h ev] br\ght reproa* ^u himself or mortification ^u fri5ds by a bad life4 ,i c n n[ look ov] ! :ole ( my pupils1 & f9d "o :o _h be5 ) me long en\gh to receive a decid$ impression1 ^: life is n honorable & useful4 ,i f9d !m 9 all ! le>n$ pr(essions & 9 ! v>i\s me*anical arts4 ,i f9d my female pupils scatt]$ z tea*]s ?r\gh half ! /ates ( ! ,union1 & z ! wives & assi/ants ( ,*ri/ian mission>ies 9 e qu>t] ( ! globe4 ,s f>1 !re=e1 z my own exp]i5ce goes1 s f> z my k ( ! exp]i5ce ( o!rs ext5ds1 s f> z ! /ati/ics ( crime ?r[ any light ^u ! subject1 ,i confid5tly expect t n9ety-n9e 9 a hundr$1 & ,i ?9k ev5 m1 ) su* means ( education z y h suppos$1 & ) su* ,div9e favor z we are au?oriz$ to expect1 w\ld become good memb]s ( society1 ! support]s ( ord]1 & law1 & tru?1 & ju/ice1 & all righte\sness4 ,! ,rev4 ,jacob ,abbott1 :o has be5 engag$ 9 ! practical duties ( tea*+ = ab\t t5 ye>s 9 ! cities ( ,bo/on & ,new ,york1 & :o has _h "u 8 c>e ab\t eight hundr$ pupils ( bo? sexes1 & ( all ages f f\r to tw5ty-five1 has express$ 9 a long lett] ! s5tim5t plac$ at ! head ( ?is section4 ,if all our s*ools 7 "u ! *>ge ( tea*]s possess+ :at ,i reg>d z ! "r intellectual & moral qualifications1 & if all ! *ildr5 ( ! community 7 br\ght "u ! influ5ce ( ^! s*ools = t5 mon?s 9 ! ye>1 ,i ?9k ! "w ( tra9+ up ,,! ,,:ole ,,community to intellig5ce & virtue w\ld soon be accompli%$ z completely z any human end c be obta9$ by human means4 ,mr4 ,rog] ,s4 ,h[>d1 ( ,v]mont1 :o has be5 engag$ 9 tea*+ ab\t tw5ty ye>s1 rem>ks1 among o!r ?+s1 z foll[s3 ,judg+ f :at ,i h se5 & d "k1 if ! conditions y h m5tion$ 7 /rictly compli$ )2 if ! att5dance ( ! s*ol>s c\ld be z univ]sal1 con/ant1 & long-cont9u$ z y h /at$2 if ! tea*]s 7 m5 & wom5 ( ^? high intellectual & moral qualities--apt to tea*1 & devot$ to _! "w1 & favor$ ) t bless+ :i* ! ^w & provid5ce ( ,god tea* u always to expect ^u our hone/1 e>ne/1 & well-direct$ ef=ts 9 s good a cause--on ^! conditions & "u ^! circum/ances1 ,i d n hesitate to express ! op9ion t ! failures ne$ n be--w\ld n be "o p] c5t4 ,miss ,ca?>9e ,e4 ,bee*]1 ( ,brattleboro1 ,v]mont1 :o has be5 engag$ directly & p]sonally z a tea*] ab\t fifte5 ye>s1 9 ,h>t=d1 ,connecticut1 & ,c9c9nati1 ,ohio1 & :o has _h ! *>ge ( n less ?an a ?\s& pupils f e /ate 9 ! ,union1 aft] /at+ ^! & o!r consid]ations1 rem>ks z foll[s3 ,i w n[ suppose t x c\ld be s arrang$ t1 9 a giv5 place1 conta9+ f t5 to fifte5 ?\s& inhabitants1 9 any "p ( ! c\ntry :]e ,i ev] resid$1 all ! *ildr5 at ! age ( f\r %all be plac$ six h\rs a day1 = twelve ye>s1 "u ! c>e ( tea*]s hav+ ! same views t ,i h1 & hav+ receiv$ t c\rse ( tra9+ = _! (fice t any /ate 9 ?is ,union c secure to ! tea*]s ( its *ildr54 ,let x be s arrang$ t all ^! *ildr5 %all rema9 till sixte5 "u ^! tea*]s1 & also t !y %all sp5d _! lives 9 ?is city1 & ,i h no hesitation 9 say+ ,i d n believe t "o1 no1 ,,n ,a ,,s+le ,,"o1 w\ld fail ( prov+ a respectable & prosp]\s memb] ( society2 nay1 m1 ,i believe e "o w\ld1 at ! close ( life1 f9d admission into ! _w ( endless peace & love4 ,i say ?is solemnly1 delib]ately1 & ) ! full belief t ,i am upheld by su* imp]fect exp]im5tal trials z ,i h made1 or se5 made by o!rs2 b1 m ?an ?is1 t ,i am su/a9$ by ! au?ority ( ,heav51 :i* sets =? ?is gr& palladium ( education1 ',tra9 up a *ild 9 ! way he %\ld g1 & :5 he is old he w n dep>t f x4 ,?is sacr$ maxim surely sets ! ,div9e imprimatur to ! doctr9e t all *ildr5 c be tra9$ up 9 ! way !y %\ld g1 & t1 :5 s tra9$1 !y w n dep>t f x4 ,nor does x imply t education alone w secure et]nal life )\t sup]natural assi/ance2 b x po9ts to ! true me?od ( secur+ ?is indisp5sable aid4 ,9 ?is view ( ! case1 ,i c comm& no language /rong en\gh to express my inf9ite long+s t my c\ntrym51 :o1 z legislators1 h ! control ( ! in/itutions1 ! laws1 & ! weal? ( our physically prosp]\s nation1 %\ld be br\ght to see t !y n[ h 9 _! h&s ! p[] ( secur+ to e *ild 9 ! com+ g5]ation a life ( virtue & usefulness "h1 & an et]nity ( p]fect$ bliss h]eaft]4 ,h[1 !n1 c ,i express1 or imag9e1 ! awful responsibility :i* re/s ^u !m1 & :i* h]eaft] !y mu/ be> be=e ! great ,judge ( nations1 if !y suff] ! pres5t /ate ( ?+s to g on1 be>+1 z x does1 ?\s&s & hundr$s ( ?\s&s ( helpless *ildr5 9 our c\ntry to hopeless & irretrievable ru96 ,te/imony simil> to ! prec$+ might be multipli$ to almo/ any ext5t4 ,en\gh1 h[ev]1 ,i tru/1 has be5 said to remove any d\bts 9 relation to ! r$eem+ p[] ( education :i* ! read] may h previ\sly ent]ta9$4 ,univ]sal education1 we h se51 con/itutes ! mo/ effectual & ! only sure means ( secur+ to individuals & communities1 to /ates & nations1 exemption f all avoidable evils ( :atev] k9d1 & ! possession ( a compet5cy ( ?is _w's goods1 ) ! ability & disposition s to enjoy !m z mo/ to augm5t human happ9ess4 ,yes1 education1 & no?+ %ort ( x1 w dissipate ! evils ( ignorance2 x w greatly increase ! productiv5ess ( labor1 & make m5 m moral1 indu/ri\s1 & skillful1 & ?us dim9i% paup]ism & crime1 :ile at ! same "t x w indef9itely augm5t ! sum total ( human happ9ess4 ,by dim9i%+ ! numb] ( fatal accid5ts t are con/antly occurr+ 9 e community1 & secur+ to ! ris+ g5]ation su* judici\s physical & moral treatm5t z %all give !m s\nd m9ds 9 s\nd bodies1 x w lay an unfail+ f\ndation = g5]al prosp]ity1 w greatly promote longevity1 & w ?us1 9 bo? ( ^! & 9 _m o!r ways1 d m to increase ! population1 weal?1 & univ]sal well-be+ ( ! ?irty /ates ( ?is ,union ?an all o!r means ( /ate policy comb9$4 ,at ! late ,peace ,conv5tion at ,p>is to consid] ! practicability & necessity ( a ,congress ( ,nations to adju/ national diff]5ces1 compos$ ( ab\t fifte5 hundr$ memb]s1 pick$ m5 f e ,*ri/ian nation1 ,,victor ,,hugo1 ! ,presid5t ( ! ,conv5tion1 on tak+ ! *air1 made an address t 0 receiv$ ) great applause1 9 :i* ! foll[+ passages occur3 ,a day w come :5 m5 w no long] be> arms "o aga9/ ! o!r2 :5 appeals w no long] be made to w>1 b to civilization6 ,! "t w come :5 ! cannon w be exhibit$ z an old in/rum5t ( torture1 & wond] express$ h[ su* a ?+ c\ld h be5 us$4 ,a day1 ,i say1 w come :5 ! ,unit$ ,/ates ( ,am]ica & ! ,unit$ ,/ates ( ,europe w be se5 ext5d+ to ea* o!r ! h& ( fell[%ip across ! ocean1 & :5 we %all h ! happ9ess ( see+ e :]e ! maje/ic radiation ( univ]sal concord4 ,t su* a "t w come1 e he>t t gl[s ) ,*ri/ian b5evol5ce mu/ e>ne/ly desire & f]v5tly pray4 ,b we c n hope to atta9 ! end )\t ! use ( ! necess>y means4 ,s glori\s a result z ?is1 t has become an object ( univ]sal desire ?r\gh\t ,*ri/5dom1 mu/ foll[ :5 ! conditions ^u :i* x dep5ds are compli$ )4 ,:at ^! are !re c be little room = d\bt4 ,let1 !n1 e fri5d ( ,univ]sal ,peace seek x 9 ! use ( ! appropriate means--,univ]sal ,education4 ,! same rem>k w apply to e =m ( ,*ri/ian b5evol5ce & univ]sal philan?ropy2 =1 z has be5 well rem>k$1 9 univ]sal education1 e foll[] ( ,god & fri5d ( human k9d w f9d ! only sure means ( c>ry+ =w>d t p>ticul> re=m to :i* he is devot$4 ,9 :atev] dep>tm5t ( philan?ropy he may be engag$1 he w f9d t dep>tm5t to be only a segm5t ( ! great circle ( b5efic5ce ( :i* ,univ]sal ,education is ! c5t] & circumf]5ce2 & t he c mo/ successfully promote ! p]man5t advancem5t ( 8 mo/ *]i%$ int]e/ 9 secur+ ! e/abli%m5t (1 & att5dance ^u1 ,,improv$ ,,s*ools ,,free ,,to ,,all4 ,,index4 ,abbott1 ,rev4 ,j41 on ! r$eem+ p[] ( common s*ools1 page #def4 ,abdom9al ,support]s1 _! use consid]$1 #aji4 ,academy1 ,new ,york ,free1 #chf4 ,accid5ts1 cause & prev5tion (1 #bih4 ,adams1 ,john ,q41 accu/om$ to ! daily read+ ( ! ,scriptures1 #bbb4 ,adams1 ,solomon1 on ! r$eem+ p[] ( common s*ools1 #dee4 ,agriculture requires education = its successful prosecution1 #bfi4 ,air1 want (1 causes dea?1 #he4 ,necess>y to purify ! blood1 #hi4 ,:at compos$ (1 #hi4 ,quantity respir$1 #ia1 #ic4 ,h[ *ang$ 9 respiration1 #hf1 #hi4 ,once respir$ w n su/a9 life1 #ia4 ,importance ( to heal?1 #ih4 ,abundance ( = man's use1 #ii4 ,h[ fre$ f impurities1 #ajj4 ,e/imat$ loss ( money & life f brea?+ impure1 #bii1 #dch4 ,an excell5t m$ic9e1 #ajh4 ,alcott1 ,dr41 on brea?+ bad air1 #ajc4 ,alphabet1 h[ taught1 #dbf4 ,a bett] me?od1 #dbf-dbg4 ,anecdote ( ! ,indian1 #bjc1 #bbe4 ,( ,laura ,bridgman1 #aeg-aei4 ,( ,dr4 ,frankl91 #ajc4 ,( a practical tea*]1 #bef4 ,( a ,g]man s*oolma/]1 #daf4 ,( a f>m] pl[+ ) ?ree horses1 #bed4 ,apoplexy1 h[ caus$1 #ij1 #ib4 ,dea? by1 #ij1 #ic4 ,app>atus & ,libr>y1 #cih4 ,may be useful to adults1 #cii1 #djj4 ,appurt5ances to s*ool-h\ses1 #dja4 ,ari?metic1 (t5 poorly taught1 #dcc4 ,its morals1 #dcg4 ,arts1 ! useful1 require education1 #bgb4 ,improvem5ts made 9 !1 #bhj1 #bhb4 ,h[ improvem5ts are to be made 9 !1 #bhe4 ,a/rology believ$ 91 to :at ext5t1 #bcd4 ,atmosph]ic impurities1 #ajj1 #aja4 ,may be detect$1 #ajd4 ,b>n>d1 ,hon4 ,h5ry1 ,s*ool ,ar*itecture by1 #chj4 ,te/imony (1 9 relation to s*ool libr>ies1 #djj4 ,9 relation to ! ext]nal arrangem5ts ( s*ool-h\ses1 #djb4 ,b>tlett1 ,h41 te/imony ( 9 relation to ! productiv5ess ( labor1 #bfd4 ,ba?+1 ! importance (1 #ei4 ,! luxury (1 #ei4 ,! b5efits (1 #fj1 #fb4 ,! "t =1 #fa1 #fb4 ,a pres]vative ( heal?1 #fc4 ,a good ex]cise1 #hj4 ,bee*]1 ,miss ,ca?>9e ,e41 quot$1 #deg4 ,b5evol5t females1 means ( usefulness (1 #ddd4 ,bible1 its use 9 s*ools1 #bji4 ,vote on1 9 ! ,new ,york ,legislature1 #bai4 ,:at x has done = mank9d1 #bbb4 ,black ,hole 9 ,calcutta ref]r$ to1 #if1 #ig4 ,bl9dness1 h]$it>y1 #cf4 ,h[ caus$ 9 s*ools1 #ahb4 ,bl9d p]sons inf]ior1 #abd4 ,injur$ by inaction1 #abg4 ,h[ taught1 #aej4 ,blood1 circulation ( !1 #hb4 ,bones1 h[ injur$1 #fh4 ,l5g!n$ by habit1 #gb4 ,books furni%$ at ! exp5se ( ! di/rict1 #ddc4 ,box+ ! e>s injuri\s1 #aga4 ,bra91 ! seat ( ! m9d1 #aac4 ,its functions ! highe/ 9 ! animal economy1 #aac4 ,conditions ( its heal?y action1 #aad1 #aah1 #aba4 ,h[ affect$ by bad air1 #aah4 ,requires ex]cise1 #aba4 ,seclusion injuri\s to1 #abb4 ,want ( ex]cise ( !1 a cause ( disease1 #abg4 ,effects ( excessive activity ( !1 #abh1 #abi4 ,9 *ildhood1 #acj-ace4 ,rules = ! ex]cise ( !1 #ace1 #acg1 #adj1 #adc4 ,brea? kn[n to take fire1 #hf4 ,bull ,fights an amusem5t 9 ,spa91 #bbh4 ,cali=nia1 /ate ( agriculture & ! arts 91 #bgj4 ,capital puni%m5t & compulsory att5dance ^u s*ool1 #ddf1 #ddi4 ,c>riage ( ! body important1 #ga4 ,celebrations1 common s*ool1 recomm5d$1 #cfd4 ,"*1 h[ affect$ by associations1 #adb1 #adc1 #dje4 ,*e/1 h[ develop$1 #fi1 #gi1 #aje1 #ajf4 ,%\ld n be compress$1 #hh4 ,*ildr51 seats =1 #fi4 ,h[ de=m$1 #fi4 ,%\ld n be conf9$ too long1 #gg4 ,rational treatm5t (1 #gg4 ,*ylification1 ! process & necessity (1 #ej4 ,*ymification1 ! second important /ep 9 dige/ion1 #di4 ,circulation ( ! blood1 #ha4 ,two circulations1 #hc4 ,cl>k1 ,john1 te/imony (1 9 relation to education & labor1 #bfg4 ,cleanl9ess a virtue1 #fj4 ,cl]gym51 _! relation to ! prim>y s*ools1 #dad1 #ddb4 ,a text =1 #dde4 ,clo?+1 (fice (1 #fd4 ,necessity ( air+ & *ang+1 #fe4 ,cold1 h[ to prev5t tak+1 #ajh4 ,combe1 ,dr41 on ba?+1 #fc4 ,conf9em5t injuri\s to *ildr51 #gg4 ,conflagration1 g5]al1 h[ x may be produc$1 #cbj1 #cba4 ,consumption1 h]$it>y1 #hg4 ,h[ dea? caus$ by1 #hd4 ,h[ prev5t$1 #hj1 #ajf4 ,common among ! deaf & dumb1 #abf4 ,conv5tions1 educational1 recomm5d$1 #cfd4 ,co/iv5ess1 effects (1 #ec4 ,h[ prev5t$1 #ed4 ,crime dim9i%$ by education1 #bhf4 ,/ati/ics (1 #bie4 ,exp5se (1 #ceh4 ,deaf & dumb1 :y inf]ior to o!r p]sons1 #abe4 ,deafness1 cause & cure (1 #agb4 ,dige/ion1 process (1 #dh4 ,diseases1 h]$it>y1 #da1 #aad1 #abf4 ,caus$ by m5tal inactivity1 #abg4 ,di/rict libr>ies1 #cii1 #djj4 ,di/rict lyceum1 h[ r5d]$ useful1 #djj4 ,draw+ an ex]cise 9 s*ools1 #aia4 ,drunk5ness becomes con/itutional1 #da1 #db4 ,dumb-bells1 _! use recomm5d$1 #aje1 #djc4 ,e>s1 h[ injur$1 #aga4 ,eclipses1 a s\rce ( al>m to ! ignorant & sup]/iti\s1 #bcc4 ,education1 9 :at x consi/s1 #ac4 ,n f9i%$ 9 s*ools1 #ah4 ,%\ld h ref]5ce to man's future exi/5ce1 #ai4 ,n limit$ to man's physical p[]s1 #bd4 ,n limit$ to 8 intellectual p[]s1 #be4 ,n limit$ to 8 moral p[]s1 #bf4 ,physically consid]$1 #bh4 ,intellectual & moral1 #aaa4 ,( ! five s5ses1 #adf4 ,necessity ( moral & religi\s1 #aic4 ,! importance (1 #bbe4 ,x dissipates ! evils ( ignorance1 #bbf1 #bdb4 ,x increases ! productiv5ess ( labor1 #bec4 ,necess>y = females1 #bfh1 #bgi4 ,x dim9i%es paup]ism & crime1 #bhf4 ,x improves ! moral habits1 #bhg1 #bhh4 ,x increases human happ9ess1 #caa1 #cae4 ,degree (1 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 #ccg4 ,exi/+ provisions =1 #cdc4 ,! means ( r5d]+ its bless+s univ]sal1 #cfb4 ,educational dep>tm5t1 ! /ate %\ld ma9ta9 an1 #cgj4 ,em]son1 ,george ,b41 quot$1 #djh4 ,epidemics arre/$ by v5tilation1 #aja4 ,evacuation1 importance (1 to ! pres]vation ( heal?1 #ec4 ,ev5+ s*ools = adults1 #dec4 ,ex]cise1 effects (1 #gd4 ,:5 n to be tak51 #ge4 ,o!r laws (1 #gg4 ,%\ld be tak5 regul>ly1 #gh4 ,exp]im5t on brea?+ air1 #ia4 ,9 visit+ a s*ool1 #if4 ,9 pl[+ ) ?ree horses1 #bed4 ,eye1 description ( !1 #age4 ,its sympa?y ) ! o!r bodily organs1 #ahd4 ,rational c>e ( !1 #ahj-aib4 ,see ,sight4 ,factories1 labor 91 requires education to r5d] x productive1 #bfa-bfi4 ,s*ool tea*]s employ$ 91 #bfh4 ,failures 9 bus9ess acc\nt$ = 9 c]ta9 cases1 #adj1 #ada4 ,f>m+ requires k1 #bfi4 ,illu/rative anecdote1 #bed4 ,9 ,cali=nia1 #bgj4 ,females1 b5evol5t & ,*ri/ian1 _! relation to ! prim>y s*ool1 #ddb1 #ddd1 #dde4 ,=tune-tell+ practic$ 9 ,great ,brita9 & 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 #bcd4 ,fracture ( ! skull1 cases (1 ref]r$ to1 #abi4 ,france infidel--! ,unit$ ,/ates ,*ri/ian1 #bjd4 ,frankl9's ,me?usalem1 #ajc4 ,free ,academy1 ,new ,york1 #chf4 ,freez+ ( wat]1 law (1 illu/rates ! b5efic5ce ( ,god1 #bba-bbc4 ,fr5* ladies1 po/ure (1 #ga4 ,friday & o!r unlucky days1 #bcf-bch4 ,funds = ! support ( s*ools1 #cff4 ,:5 useful1 #cfi4 ,g5]al conflagration may be produc$ by ! decomposition ( air or wat]1 #cba4 ,geography1 h[ taught 9 _m s*ools1 #dcb4 ,ge/ation1 /ate ( ! "m dur+1 affects ! heal? & happ9ess ( ! (fspr+1 #aaf1 #aag4 ,gra91 influ5ce ( ! moon on ! gr[? (1 #bej4 ,greeley1 ,horace1 extract f ,address (1 on free s*ools1 #bfg4 ,habits1 m5tal & physical1 h[ =m$1 #adj4 ,happ9ess increas$ by education1 #caa4 ,heal?1 laws (1 #dd-ha4 ,he>+1 ! s5se (1 #afi4 ,h[ improv$1 #aga4 ,h[ injur$1 #aga4 ,cultivation (1 #agb-agd4 ,h]$it>y diseases1 #da1 #aae4 ,hot-b$ sy/em ( education1 #acj-ace4 ,h\se ( ,refuge = juv5ile del9qu5ts1 #dej-deh4 ,h[>d1 ,rog] ,s41 on ! r$eem+ p[] ( common s*ools1 #def4 ,h[e1 ,dr4 ,samuel ,g41 on ! importance ( physical education1 #cf4 ,humphrey1 ,dr41 on moral & religi\s tra9+1 #aid4 ,hypocrisy1 :y unsuccessful1 #adb4 ,idiocy1 ext5t (1 #cja4 ,causes (1 #cjb1 #cjc1 #dji4 ,idiots1 :o are1 9 law1 #aea4 ,condition (1 #cjd4 ,may be educat$1 #cjj1 #cjg4 ,ignorance1 its effects consid]$1 #bcj4 ,( ! correct treatm5t ( *ildr51 #acc4 ,man 9 a /ate (1 #caa4 ,indians nev] h consumption1 #aji4 ,anecdote ( an1 #bjc1 #bbe4 ,indige/ion caus$ by m5tal anxiety1 #acg4 ,inhal+ tubes1 _! use consid]$1 #aji1 #aaj4 ,insanity1 h[ caus$1 #abf1 #ach1 #cjh1 #dji4 ,in/ruction1 modes (1 ext5sively practic$1 #dbe4 ,insurance ( prop]ty1 ! be/ modes (1 #bff1 #bfg4 ,intellectual education1 its nature1 #aaa4 ,intemp]ance1 h]$it>y1 #da1 #db4 ,a cause ( idiocy1 #cjb4 ,exp5se (1 9 ?is c\ntry1 #ceh1 #cfj4 ,see ,brea?4 ,int]m>riages1 influ5ce (1 on po/]ity1 #aae4 ,irritability ( tea*]s acc\nt$ =1 #abj4 ,juv5ile del9qu5ts1 provisions =1 #ddi1 #dej4 ,k ess5tial to prosp]ity 9 agriculture1 #bfi4 ,requir$ 9 ! useful arts1 #bgb4 ,see ,education4 ,labor1 education increases ! productiv5ess (1 #bec4 ,dur+ rapid gr[? (t5 injuri\s1 #fh4 ,( females 9 factories & 9 ! dome/ic employm5ts ( ! sex1 #bfh1 #bgi4 ,ladies 9 ,france1 consequ5ces ( _! erect po/ure1 #ga4 ,l>dn]1 ,dr41 on popul> fallacies1 #bdf1 #bdh4 ,laura ,bridgman1 ! deaf1 dumb1 & bl9d girl1 #adh4 ,libr>y & app>atus1 #cih4 ,t[n%ip & di/rict libr>ies1 #cii4 ,life1 ext5sive loss (1 h[ caus$1 #bih4 ,lunacy1 orig9 & signification (1 #bea1 #beb4 ,lun> influ5ces consid]$1 #bej4 ,lungs /r5g!n$ by read+ al\d & s++1 #gi1 #hj4 ,blood *ang$ 9 !1 #he4 ,exhalations f !1 #hf4 ,absorption 9 !1 #hg4 ,diseases ( !1 h]$it>y1 #hg4 ,ex]cise ( !1 a means ( prev5t+ disease1 #aje4 ,:5 !y %\ld n be ex]cis$1 #ajg4 ,lyceums 9 di/ricts1 h[ r5d]$ popul> & useful1 #djj4 ,mann1 ,hon4 ,horace1 ref]r$ to & quot$1 #beg1 #cbh4 ,manufactories1 to be productive1 require educat$ workm51 #bfa-bfi4 ,education ( *ildr5 employ$ 91 #bgh4 ,m>riage ( relatives a cause ( consumption1 #abf4 ,a cause ( idiocy1 #cjc1 #cjd4 ,ma/ication1 importance (1 to dige/ion1 #dh4 ,ma/urbation1 #dji4 ,see ,secret ,vice4 ,meals1 prop] "t = p>tak+ (1 #ee4 ,measures1 a sy/em (1 = s*ools1 #ahh1 #djd4 ,mills1 ,james ,k41 te/imony (1 9 relation to education & labor1 #bfa4 ,m9d1 laws (1 #aaa1 #aab4 ,see ,bra94 ,moral education1 its nature1 #aaa4 ,necessity (1 #aic4 ,want (1 a cause ( insanity1 #cji4 ,%\ld be pursu$ practically1 #dce4 ,moon1 its influ5ce on ! wea!r1 #bdh4 ,mortality1 cause & ext5t (1 among infants1 #bih-cjj4 ,muscles1 h[ !y act1 #gb4 ,( ! eye1 #agi4 ,see ,ex]cise4 ,music1 vocal1 a bran* ( education 9 ,g]many1 #hj4 ,national education1 political necessity (1 #cbe4 ,degree (1 9 ?is c\ntry1 #ccg4 ,provisions =1 #cdc4 ,practicability (1 #cec4 ,! means (1 #cfb-dfj4 ,natural philosophy1 ! mode ( tea*+1 #dcd4 ,navigation among ! ignorant & educat$1 #bej4 ,n]ves1 s5sibility ( !1 #afa1 #afb4 ,see ,bra94 ,new ,york1 ,free ,academy1 #chf4 ,public ,s*ools 91 #chf1 #dcd4 ,normal ,s*ools1 necessity =1 #dba-ddj4 ,oliv] ,caswell1 ! deaf1 dumb1 & bl9d boy1 #aei4 ,onanism1 #dji4 ,see ,secret ,vice4 ,page1 ,d4 ,p41 on ! r$eem+ p[] ( common s*ools1 #ded4 ,p>5ts1 ! natural educators ( _! *ildr51 #daa4 ,vici\s1 sometimes re=m$ by s*ool *ildr51 #dda4 ,paup]ism1 dim9i%$ by education1 #bhf4 ,ext5t (1 9 ,new ,york1 #ceh4 ,exp5se ( ma9ta9+1 #ceh4 ,peace conv5tion at ,p>is ref]r$ to1 #dei4 ,petulancy 9 tea*]s & o!rs acc\nt$ =1 #id1 #abj4 ,physical education1 importance (1 #bh4 ,a prev5tive ( disease1 #cd4 ,! only correct basis = intellectual & moral1 #cb1 #aaa4 ,physician1 8 (fice & t ( ! cl]gyman comp>$1 #cd4 ,h[ he may be mo/ useful 9 8 pr(ession1 #cd1 #ce4 ,physiology1 made by law a /udy 9 common s*ools1 #fa4 ,lectures ^u1 by s*ool tea*]s1 #fa4 ,play-rooms1 important = small *ildr51 #djc4 ,politics1 def9ition (1 #cce4 ,%\ld be a s*ool /udy1 #cce4 ,polit5ess %\ld be habitual1 #adb4 ,popul> intellig5ce1 degree (1 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 #ccg4 ,exi/+ provisions =1 #cdc4 ,pov]ty1 ext5t ( 9 ,spa91 #bid4 ,h[ dim9i%$1 #bec1 #bhf4 ,precocity ( scr(ul\s & rickety *ildr51 #acj4 ,h[ !y %\ld be treat$1 #aca1 #acb1 #acc4 ,pregnancy1 ! /ate ( ! "m dur+1 influ5ces ! "* ( ! *ild1 #aaf1 #aag4 ,puni%m5ts1 c]ta9 k9ds injuri\s1 #gg1 #aga4 ,see ,capital ,puni%m5t4 ,purbl9d /ud5ts1 sugge/ions =1 #ahe4 ,qu9cy1 ,hon4 ,josiah1 ,jr41 on compulsory att5dance ^u s*ool1 #ddg4 ,read+ al\d a heal?ful ex]cise1 #gi4 ,h[ read+ is frequ5tly taught1 #dbi4 ,a bett] way1 #dcj4 ,read+-room 9 connection ) ! s*ool-h\se1 #cii4 ,recesses 9 s*ools %\ld be frequ5t1 #gg4 ,re=m s*ool4 ,see ,/ate ,re=m ,s*ool4 ,regul>ity1 9 bodily ex]cise1 #gh4 ,9 m5tal ex]cise1 #aci4 ,relatives1 consequ5ces ( ! m>riage (1 #abf1 #cjc4 ,religion def9$1 #bjg4 ,( "s k9d unavoidable1 #bjg4 ,religi\s education1 ! necessity =1 #aic4 ,%\ld be r$uc$ to practice1 #dce4 ,respiration1 philosophy (1 #ha4 ,rickety *ildr5 injur$ by /udy1 #acj4 ,riots1 exp5se (1 9 ,philadelphia1 #ceg4 ,roman notation table1 h[ taught1 #dbh4 ,a bett] way1 #dbi4 ,ru%1 ,dr41 on ! use ( tobacco1 #fg4 ,s*ool funds1 _! utility consid]$1 #cff-cfi4 ,s*ool-h\ses1 _! common size1 #ib4 ,good ones %\ld be provid$1 #cgb4 ,! condition (1 #cgc4 ,! location (1 #cgi4 ,size & con/ruction (1 #chb4 ,= c\ntry di/ricts1 #chc4 ,= cities & villages1 #che4 ,plans =1 #chg-chi4 ,v5tilation (1 #cij4 ,means ( w>m+1 #cib4 ,appurt5ances to1 #dja4 ,influ5ce (1 #dje4 ,s*ools1 ! support (1 #cff4 ,! r$eem+ p[] (1 #ded4 ,%\ld cont9ue ?r\gh ! ye>1 #ddj4 ,e *ild %\ld att5d1 #ddb4 ,compulsory att5dance ^u1 #ddg4 ,scr(ul\s *ildr5 injur$ by /udy1 #acj4 ,prop] treatm5t (1 #aca1 #acb4 ,seclusion f society injuri\s to bo? 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fails1 #id-if4 ,employ$ 9 factories1 #bfh4 ,_! relation to ! s*ool1 #daj-ddj4 ,books =1 #daj4 ,tobacco us$ by1 #dag4 ,indulge 9 o!r evil practices1 #dag-dbj4 ,:o make ! be/1 #dch4 ,qualifications (1 #cdj1 #cej1 #dag1 #dbj1 #dbb4 ,in/itutes =1 #dbj4 ,tea*+1 %\ld be rank$ among ! le>n$ pr(essions1 #dab1 #dci4 ,comp>$ ) ! practice ( law1 #dac4 ,) ! bus9ess ( legislation1 #dac4 ,) ! practice ( m$ic9e1 #dad4 ,) ! cl]ical pr(ession1 #dad4 ,tee?1 _! relation to heal?1 #fe4 ,h[ to pres]ve !m1 #fe4 ,acids injuri\s to !m1 #ff4 ,tobacco n a pres]vative (1 #ff4 ,timb]1 "t = fell+1 #bdh4 ,tobacco1 its use t5ds to drunk5ness1 #fg4 ,x impairs ! sight1 #ahf4 ,us$ by tea*]s1 #dag4 ,us$ by m9i/]s1 #dag1 #dah4 ,a lady's inquiry conc]n+ ! use (1 #dai4 ,! use (1 exp5sive1 #dbj4 ,t\*1 s5se (1 #afj4 ,h[ improv$1 #afa4 ,t[n%ip libr>ies in/ead ( di/rict libr>ies1 #cii4 ,truancy1 legal provisions conc]n+1 #ddg-dej4 ,union or grad$ s*ools1 #chd4 ,!y %\ld possess a normal *>act]i/ic1 #dcc4 ,unit$ ,/ates1 !1 a ,*ri/ian nation1 #bjd4 ,see ,france4 ,univ]sal education4 ,see ,education1 ,national ,education1 & ,free ,s*ools4 ,unlucky days 9 ,scotl&1 #bcf4 ,9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 #bcg4 ,vacc9ation1 h[ effect$1 #ei4 ,v5tilation1 necessity (1 #ia-ii4 ,( clo?+1 #eg1 #fd4 ,means (1 #cij1 #cig4 ,vocal gymna/ics1 influ5ce (1 #ajg4 ,vocal music useful z an ex]cise1 #hj4 ,dr4 ,ru%'s te/imony quot$1 #hj4 ,%\ld be introduc$ into all our s*ools1 #ajg4 ,walk+1 n ! be/ ex]cise1 #gh4 ,h[ r5d]$ mo/ b5eficial1 #gh4 ,wa%+ton1 quotation f ,f>ewell ,address (1 #bba4 ,wa/e1 ! cause (1 #dd4 ,! repair (1 #dg4 ,wat]1 ! freez+ (1 illu/rates ! b5efic5ce ( ,god1 #cba-cbc4 ,watson1 ,rev4 ,james ,v41 on ! provid5ce ( ,god1 #fb4 ,wea!r1 does ! moon influ5ce !1 #bdh4 ,weights & measures = s*ool app>atus1 #djd4 ,see ,measures4 ,wit*craft 9 ,engl& & ,new ,engl&1 #bdj4 ,"y1 ! ,hon4 ,samuel1 on ! use ( ! ,bible 9 s*ools1 #bbj4 ,,! ,,end4 ,valuable ,/&>d ,publications ,,issu$ ,,by ,,h>p] ,,bro!rs1 ,,new ,,york4 ,addison's complete ,works4 ,includ+ ! ,spectator entire4 ,) a ,portrait4 #c vols4 #hvo1 ,%eep extra1 #e #ej4 ,! ,spectator 9 ,m9iature4 ,selections f ! ,spectator2 embrac+ ! mo/ int]e/+ ,pap]s by ,addison & o!rs4 #b vols4 #ahmo1 ,musl91 #ij c5ts4 ,arabian ,nights' ,ent]ta9m5ts4 ,or1 ! ,?\s& & ,"o ,nights4 ,translat$ & arrang$ = ,family ,read+1 ) explanatory ,notes1 by ,e4 ,w4 ,,lane1 ,esq4 ,) #fjj ,engrav+s4 #b vols4 #abmo1 ,musl91 pla9 edges1 #c #ej2 ,musl91 gilt edges1 #c #ge2 ,turkey ,morocco1 gilt edges1 #f #jj4 ,bacon & ,locke4 ,essays1 ,moral1 ,economical1 & ,political4 ,& ! ,conduct ( ! ,und]/&+4 #ahmo1 ,musl91 #de c5ts4 ,bucke's ,beauties1 ,h>monies1 & ,sublimities ( ,nature4 #ahmo1 ,musl91 #de c5ts4 ,*e/]field's ,works4 ,includ+ 8 ,lett]s to 8 ,son1 complete4 ,) a ,memoir4 #hvo1 ,musl91 #a #ge4 ,! ,moral1 ,social1 & ,pr(essional ,duties ( ,attorneys & ,solicitors4 ,by ,,samuel ,,w>r51 ,f4,r4,s4 #ahmo1 ,musl91 #ge c5ts4 ,! ,inc>nation2 ,or1 ,pictures ( ! ,virg9 & h] ,son4 ,by ! ,rev4 ,,*>les ,,bee*]4 ,) an introductory ,essay1 by ,mrs4 ,,h>riet ,b4 ,,/[e4 #ahmo1 ,musl94 ,black/one's ,comm5t>ies on ! ,laws ( ,engl&4 ,) ! la/ ,corrections ( ! ,au?or1 & ,notes f ! ,tw5ty-fir/ ,london ,edition4 ,) copi\s ,notes expla9+ ! ,*anges 9 ! ,law effect$ by ,decision or ,/atute d[n to #ahdd4 ,toge!r ) ,notes adapt+ ! ,"w to ! ,am]ican ,/ud5t1 by ,j4 ,l4 ,,w5dell1 ,esq4 ,) a ,memoir ( ! ,au?or4 #d vols4 #hvo1 ,%eep extra1 #g #jj4 ,burke's complete ,works4 ,) a ,memoir4 ,portrait4 #c vols4 #hvo1 ,%eep extra1 #e #jj4 ,lett]s1 ,conv]sations1 & ,recollections ( ,s4 ,t4 ,col]idge4 #abmo1 ,musl91 #fe c5ts4 ,specim5s ( ! ,table-talk ( ,s4 ,t4 ,col]idge4 ,edit$ by ,h4 ,n4 ,,col]idge4 #abmo1 ,musl91 #gj c5ts4 ,m>di3 & a ,voyage ,?i!r4 ,by ,,h]man ,,melville4 #b vols4 #abmo1 ,musl91 #a #ge4 ,omoo2 ,or1 a ,n>rative ( ,adv5tures 9 ! ,s\? ,seas4 ,by ,,h]man ,,melville4 #abmo1 ,musl91 #a #be4 ,montgom]y's ,lectures on ,g5]al ,lit]ature1 ,poetry1 c41 ) a ,retrospect ( ,lit]ature1 & a ,view ( mod]n ,engli% ,lit]ature4 #ahmo1 ,musl91 #de c5ts4 ,boswell's ,life ( ,dr4 ,johnson4 ,includ+ a ,j\rnal ( a ,t\r to ! ,hebrides4 ,) num]\s ,additions & ,notes1 by ,j4 ,w4 ,,crok]1 ,,ll4,d4 ,a new ,edition4 ,portraits4 #b vols4 #hvo1 ,musl91 #b #ge2 ,%eep extra1 #c #jj4 ,dr4 ,samuel ,johnson's complete ,works4 ,) an ,essay on 8 ,life & ,g5ius1 by ,a4 ,,murphy1 ,esq4 ,engrav+s4 #b vols4 #hvo1 ,musl91 #b #ge2 ,%eep extra1 #c #jj4 ,cic]o's ,(fices1 ,orations1 c4 ,! ,orations translat$ by ,,duncan2 ! ,(fices1 by ,,cockman2 & ! ,cato & ,laelius1 by ,,melmo?4 ,) a ,portrait4 #c vols4 #ahmo1 ,musl91 #a #be4 ,paley's ,natural ,!ology4 ,a new ,edition1 f l>ge ,type1 edit$ by ,d4 ,e4 ,,b>tlett4 ,copi\sly ,illu/rat$1 & a ,life & ,portrait ( ! ,au?or4 #b vols4 #abmo1 ,musl91 #a #ej4 ,paley's ,natural ,!ology4 ,) illu/rative ,notes1 c41 by ,"l ,,br\gham & ,sir ,c4 ,,bell1 & prelim9>y ,obs]vations & ,notes1 by ,,alonzo ,,pott]1 ,d4,d4 ,) ,engrav+s4 #b vols4 #ahmo1 ,musl91 #ij c5ts4 ,! ,orations ( ,demo/h5es4 ,translat$ by ,dr4 ,,lel&4 #b vols4 #ahmo1 ,musl91 #he c5ts4 ,lamb's ,works4 ,compris+ 8 ,lett]s1 ,poems1 ,essays ( ,elia1 ,essays ^u ,%akespe>e1 ,hog>?1 c41 & a ,sket* ( 8 ,life1 by ,t4 ,n4 ,,talf\rd4 ,portrait4 #b vols4 royal #abmo1 ,musl91 #b #jj4 ,hoes & ,way's ,anecdotical ,olio4 ,anecdotes1 ,lit]>y1 ,moral1 ,religi\s1 & ,miscellane\s4 #hvo1 ,musl91 #a #jj4 ,d5dy's ,philosophy ( ,my/]y4 #abmo1 ,musl91 #ej c5ts4 ,pott]'s ,h&-book = ,read]s & ,/ud5ts1 ,int5d$ to assi/ private ,individuals1 ,associations1 ,s*ool ,di/ricts1 c41 9 ! ,selection ( useful & int]e/+ ,works = ,read+ & ,inve/igation4 #ahmo1 ,musl91 #de c5ts4 ,am5ities ( ,lit]ature2 ,consi/+ ( ,sket*es & ,*>act]s ( ,engli% ,lit]ature ,by ,i4 ,d',,israeli1 ,d4,c4,l41 ,f4,s4,a4 #b vols4 #abmo1 ,musl91 #a #ej4 ,dryd5's complete ,works4 ,) a ,memoir4 ,portrait4 #b vols4 #hvo1 ,%eep extra1 #c #ge4 ,woman 9 ,am]ica2 ,be+ an ,exam9ation into ! ,moral & ,intellectual ,condition ( ,am]ican ,female ,society4 ,by ,mrs4 ,a4 ,j4 ,,graves4 #ahmo1 ,musl91 #de c5ts4 ,homes & ,haunts ( ! mo/ em95t ,briti% ,poets4 ,by ,,william ,,h[itt4 ,) num]\s ,illu/rations4 #b vols4 #abmo1 ,musl91 #c #jj4 ,mrs4 ,jameson's ,visits & ,sket*es at ,home & ,abroad4 ,includ+ ! ,di>y ( an ,ennuyee4 #b vols #abmo1 ,musl91 #a #jj4 ,! ,sacr$ ,philosophy ( ! ,seasons4 ,illu/rat+ ! ,p]fections ( ,god 9 ! ,ph5om5a ( ! ,ye>4 ,by ! ,rev4 ,,h5ry ,,duncan1 ,d4,d4 ,edit$ by ,f4 ,w4 ,p4 ,,gre5wood1 ,d4,d4 #d vols4 #abmo1 ,musl91 #c #jj4 ,mack5zie's ,novels & ,miscellane\s ,works3 ,compris+ ,! ,man ( ,feel+1 ,! ,man ( ! ,_w1 ,julia de ,r\bigne1 c4 ,) a ,memoir ( ! ,au?or1 by ,sir ,,walt] ,,scott4 ,royal #abmo1 ,musl91 #a #jj4 ,h[ to ,obs]ve3 ,morals & ,mann]s4 ,by ,miss ,,h>riet ,,m>t9eau4 #abmo1 ,musl91 #db-a_/b c5ts4 ,! ,spoon4 ,) upw>d ( #ajj ,illu/rations1 ,primitive1 ,egyptian1 ,roman1 ,m$iaeval1 & ,mod]n4 ,by ,h4 ,o4 ,,we/man4 #hvo1 ,musl91 #a #be4 ,neele's ,lit]>y ,rema9s4 ,! ,lit]>y ,rema9s ( ,h5ry ,neele4 #hvo1 ,musl91 #a #jj4 ,a ,new ,_s ( ! ,age4 ,edit$ by ,r4 ,h4 ,,horne4 #abmo1 ,pap]1 #be c5ts4 ,m51 ,wom51 & ,books4 ,a ,selection ( ,sket*es1 ,essays1 & ,critical ,memoirs1 f 8 uncollect$ ,prose ,writ+s4 ,by ,,leigh ,,hunt4 #b vols4 #abmo1 ,musl91 #a4ej4 ,georgia ,sc5es4 ,) orig9al ,illu/rations4 #abmo1 ,musl91 #ij c5ts4 ,hannah ,m's complete ,works4 ,) ,engrav+s4 #a vol4 #hvo1 ,%eep extra1 #b #ej2 #b vols41 ,%eep extra1 #b #ge4 ,hannah ,m's complete ,works4 ,pr9t$ f l>ge ,type4 #g vols4 royal #abmo1 ,musl91 #f #ej4 ,blunt's ,%ip-ma/]'s ,assi/ant & ,comm]cial ,dige/3 compris+ ,in=mation necess>y = ,m]*ants1 ,own]s1 & ,ma/]s ( ,%ips on ! foll[+ ,subjects3 ,ma/]s1 ,mates1 ,seam51 ,own]s1 ,%ips1 ,navigation ,laws1 ,fi%]ies1 ,rev5ue ,cutt]s4 ,cu/om ,h\se ,laws1 ,importations1 ,cle>+ & ,ent]+ ,vessels1 ,drawbacks1 ,freight1 ,insurance1 ,av]age1 ,salvage1 ,bottomry & ,respond5tia1 ,factors1 ,bills ( ,ex*ange1 ,ex*ange1 ,curr5cies1 ,weights1 ,measures1 ,wreck ,laws1 ,qu>ant9e ,laws1 ,pass5g] ,laws1 ,pilot ,laws1 ,h>bor ,regulations1 ,m>9e ,(f5ses1 ,slave ,trade1 ,navy1 ,p5sions1 ,consuls1 ,comm]cial ,regulations ( ,=eign ,nations4 ,) an ,app5dix1 conta9+ ! ,t>iff ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 & an ,explanation ( ,sea ,t]ms4 #hvo1 ,%eep extra1 #d #ej4 ,miss ,edgewor?'s ,tales & ,novels4 ,) ,engrav+s4 #aj vols4 #abmo1 ,musl94 #ge c5ts p] ,volume4 ,sold sep>ately or 9 ,sets4 ,mrs4 ,%]wood's ,works4 ,) ,engrav+s4 #af vols4 #abmo1 ,musl94 #he c5ts p] ,volume4 ,sold sep>ately or 9 ,sets4 ,l\is ! ,f\rte5?1 & ! ,c\rt ( ,france 9 ! ,sev5te5? ,c5tury4 ,by ,miss ,,p>doe4 ,) num]\s ,engrav+s1 ,portraits1 c4 #b vols4 #abmo1 ,musl91 #c #ej4 ,! ,philosophy ( ,life & ,philosophy ( ,language1 9 a ,c\rse ( ,lectures4 ,by ,,fr$]ick ,,von ,,s*legel4 ,translat$ f ! ,g]man1 by ! ,rev4 ,a4 ,j4 ,w4 ,,morrison1 ,m4,a4 #abmo1 ,musl91 #ij c5ts4 ,prescott's ,biographical & ,critical ,miscellanies4 ,conta9+ ,notices ( ,*>les ,brockd5 ,br[n1 ! ,am]ican ,noveli/4--,asylum = ! ,bl9d4--,irv+'s ,conque/ ( ,granada4--,c]vantes4--,sir ,walt] ,scott4--,*ateaubri&'s ,engli% ,lit]ature4--,bancr(t's ,hi/ory ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4--,madame ,cald]on's ,life 9 ,mexico4--,moli]e4--,italian ,n>rative ,poetry4--,scotti% ,song1 c4 #hvo1 ,musl91 #b #jj2 ,%eep extra1 #b #be2 half ,calf1 #b #ej4 ,pursuit ( ,k "u ,difficulties2 ,its ,pleasures & ,rew>ds4 ,illu/rat$ by ,memoirs ( em95t ,m54 #b vols4 #ahmo1 ,musl91 #ij c5ts4 ,pursuit ( ,k "u ,difficulties2 ,its ,pleasures & ,rew>ds4 ,illu/rat$ by ,memoirs ( em95t ,m54 ,edit$ by ,rev4 ,dr4 ,,wayl&4 ,) ,portraits4 #b vols4 #abmo1 ,musl91 #a #ej4 ,lett]s to ,mo!rs4 ,by ,mrs4 ,l4 ,h4 ,,sig\rney4 #abmo1 ,musl91 #ij c5ts2 ,musl91 gilt edges1 #a #jj4 ,lett]s to ,"y ,ladies4 ,by ,mrs4 ,l4 ,h4 ,,sig\rney4 #abmo1 ,musl91 #ij c5ts2 ,musl91 gilt edges1 #a #jj4 ,! ,doctor1 c4 ,by ,,rob]t ,,s\!y4 #abmo1 ,musl91 #de c5ts4 ,p]cy ,anecdotes4 ,to :i* is add$1 a ,selection ( ,am]ican ,anecdotes4 ,) ,portraits4 #hvo1 ,%eep extra1 #b #jj4 ,! ,writ+s ( ,rob]t ,c4 ,s&s4 ,) a ,memoir4 #b vols4 #hvo1 ,musl91 #c #ge4 ,sismondi's ,hi/orical ,view ( ! ,lit]ature ( ! ,s\? ( ,europe4 ,translat$1 ) ,notes1 by ,,?omas ,,roscoe4 #b vols4 #abmo1 ,musl91 #a #hj4 ,hon4 ,j4 ,c4 ,smi?'s ,correspond5ce & ,miscellanies4 ,) an ,eulogy1 by ! ,rev4 ,,william ,w4 ,,&rews4 #abmo1 ,musl91 #a #jj4 ,engl& & ,am]ica3 ,a ,comp>ison ( ! ,social & ,political ,/ate ( bo? ,nations4 ,by ,e4 ,g4 ,,wakefield4 #hvo1 ,musl91 #a #be4 ,lett]s ( ! ,briti% ,spy4 ,by ,,william ,,wirt4 ,to :i* is prefix$ a ,sket* ( ! ,au?or's ,life4 #abmo1 ,musl91 #fj c5ts4 ,pauld+'s ,lett]s f ! ,s\?4 #b vols4 #abmo1 ,musl91 #a #be4 ,indian ,tales & ,leg5ds2 ,or1 ,algic ,rese>*es4 ,compris+ ,inquiries respect+ ! ,m5tal ,*>act]i/ics ( ! ,nor? ,am]ican ,indians4 ,by ,,h5ry ,r4 ,,s*oolcraft4 #b vols4 #abmo1 ,musl91 #a #be4 ,cassius ,m4 ,clay's ,writ+s2 ,includ+ ,spee*es & ,addresses4 ,) a ,preface & ,memoir1 by ,,horace ,,greeley4 ,portrait4 #hvo1 ,musl91 #a #ej4 ,pa/ & ,pres5t1 ,*>tism1 & ,s>tor ,res>tus4 ,by ,,?omas ,,c>lyle4 #abmo1 ,musl91 #a #jj4 ,ma!ws's ,miscellane\s ,writ+s3 ,embrac+ ,! ,motley ,book1 ,behemo?1 ,! ,politicians1 ,poems on ,man 9 ! ,republic1 ,wakondah1 ,puff] ,hopk9s1 ,miscellanies1 c4 #hvo1 ,musl91 #a #jj4 ,v]planck's ,"r ,moral ,influ5ce & ,use ( ,lib]al ,/udies4 #abmo1 ,musl91 #be c5ts4 ,raphael2 ,or1 ,pages ( ! ,book ( ,life at ,tw5ty4 ,by ,a4 ,,de ,,lam>t9e4 #abmo1 ,pap]1 #be c5ts4 ,?ankfulness4 ,a ,n>rative4 ,compris+ ,passages f ! ,di>y ( ! ,rev4 ,allan ,temple4 ,by ! ,rev4 ,c4 ,b4 ,,tayl]4 #abmo1 ,pap]1 #cg-a_/b c5ts2 ,musl91 #ej c5ts4 ,longfell['s ,poems4 ,a new ,edition1 enl>g$ by ! ,addition ( ,evangel9e4 #hvo1 ,pap]1 #fb-a_/b c5ts4 ,h>p]'s ,illu/rat$ ,%akespe>e4 ,! complete ,dramatic ,writ+s ( ,william ,%akespe>e1 arrang$ accord+ to rec5t approv$ collations ( ! ,text2 ) ,notes & o!r ,illu/rations1 by ,hon4 ,,gulian ,c4 ,,v]planck4 ,sup]bly ,embelli%$ by ov] #adjj exquisite ,engrav+s by ,hewet1 aft] ,designs by ,mead[s1 ,weir1 & o!r em95t ,arti/s4 #c vols4 royal #hvo1 ,musl91 #ah #jj2 half ,calf1 #bj #jj2 ,turkey ,morocco1 gilt edges1 #be #jj4 ,%akespe>e's ,dramatic ,works4 ,) ! ,corrections & ,illu/rations ( ,dr4 ,,johnson1 ,g4 ,,/eev5s1 & o!rs4 ,revis$ by ,,isaac ,,re$1 ,esq4 ,) ,engrav+s4 #f vols4 royal #abmo1 ,musl91 #f #ej4 ,%akespe>e's ,dramatic ,works & ,poems4 ,) ,notes1 by ,,samuel ,,well] ,,s+]1 & a ,life ( ! ,poet1 by ,,*>les ,,symmons1 ,d4,d4 ,) ,engrav+s4 #hvo1 ,%eep extra1 #a vol41 #b #ej2 #b vols41 #b #ge4 ,milton's ,poetical ,works4 ,) a ,memoir & ,critical ,rem>ks on 8 ,g5ius & ,writ+s1 by ,,james ,,montgom]y4 ,) #abj ,engrav+s4 #b vols4 #hvo1 ,musl91 gilt edges1 #c #ge2 imitation ,morocco1 gilt edges1 #d #be2 ,turkey ,morocco1 gilt edges1 #e #jj4 ,c[p]'s ,poetical ,works4 ,) a ,biographical & ,critical ,introduction1 by ! ,rev ,,?omas ,,dale4 ,) #ge ,illu/rations4 #b vols4 #hvo1 ,musl91 gilt edges1 #c #ge2 ,turkey ,morocco1 gilt edges1 #e #jj4 ,?omson's ,seasons4 ,) num]\s engrav$ ,illu/rations4 ,& ) ! ,life ( ! ,au?or1 by ,,patrick ,,murdo*1 ,d4,d41 ,f4,r4,s4 ,edit$ by ,,bolton ,,corney1 ,esq4 #hvo1 ,musl91 gilt edges1 #b #ge2 imitation ,morocco1 gilt edges1 #c #ej2 ,turkey ,morocco1 gilt edges1 #d #jj4 ,goldsmi?'s ,poetical ,works4 ,illu/rat$ by num]\s ,wood ,engrav+s4 ,) a ,biographical ,memoir1 & ,notes on ! ,poems4 ,edit$ by ,,bolton ,,corney1 ,esq4 #hvo1 ,musl91 gilt edges1 #b #ej2 imitation ,morocco1 gilt edges1 #c #be2 ,turkey ,morocco1 gilt edges1 #c #ge4 ,popul> ,works ,,on ,,education1 ,,composition1 ,,rhetoric1 ,,etc4 ,,publi%$ ,,by ,,h>p] ,,bro!rs1 ,,new ,,york4 ,alison on ! ,nature & ,pr9ciples ( ,ta/e ,) ,corrections & ,improvem5ts1 by ,,abraham ,,mills4 #abmo1 ,musl91 #ge c5ts4 ,bee*]'s 7,miss7 ,address4 ,! ,evils suff]$ by ,am]ican ,wom5 & ,am]ican ,*ildr53 ! ,causes & ! ,rem$y4 ,also1 an ,address to ! ,prote/ant ,cl]gy ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 #hvo1 ,pap]1 #ab-a_/b c5ts4 ,boyd's ,elem5ts ( ,rhetoric & ,lit]>y ,criticism4 ,) practical ,ex]cises & ,examples4 ,also1 a succ9ct ,hi/ory ( ! ,engli% ,language1 & ( ,briti% & ,am]ican ,lit]ature4 #ahmo1 half ,b\nd1 #ej c5ts4 ,burke on ! ,sublime & ,beautiful4 ,a ,philosophical ,inquiry into ! ,orig9 ( our ,ideas ( ! ,sublime & ,beautiful4 ,) an introductory ,disc\rse conc]n+ ,ta/e4 ,edit$ by ,a4 ,,mills4 #abmo1 ,musl91 #ge c5ts4 ,campbell's ,philosophy ( ,rhetoric4 ,revis$ ,edition4 #abmo1 ,musl91 #a #be4 ,dick on ! ,improvem5t ( ,society by ! ,diffusion ( ,k4 #ahmo1 ,musl91 #de c5ts4 ,combe's ,con/itution ( ,man1 ,consid]$ 9 ,relation to ext]nal ,objects4 #ahmo1 ,musl91 #de c5ts4 ,duty ( ,am]ican ,wom5 to _! ,c\ntry4 #ahmo1 ,musl91 #cg-a_/b c5ts4 ,edgewor?'s ,treatise on ,practical ,education4 ,by ,,ri*>d ,l4 ,,edgewor? & ,,m>ia ,,edgewor?4 ,engrav+s4 #abmo1 ,musl91 #he c5ts4 ,family ,in/ructor2 ,or1 a ,manual ( ! ,duties ( ,dome/ic ,life4 ,by a ,p>5t4 #ahmo1 ,musl91 #de c5ts4 ,! ,importance ( ,practical ,education & ,useful ,k4 ,by ,hon4 ,,edw>d ,,ev]ett4 #abmo1 ,musl91 #ge c5ts4 ,johnson's 7,a4 ,b47 ,lectures to ,"y ,m54 ,religion 9 its ,relation to ! ,pres5t ,life4 ,9 a ,s]ies ( ,lectures4 #ahmo1 ,musl91 #de c5ts4 ,johnson's 7,a4 ,b47 ,treatise on ,language2 ,or1 ! ,relations :i* ,words be> to ,?+s4 #hvo1 ,musl91 #a #ge4 ,maury's ,pr9ciples ( ,eloqu5ce4 ,) an ,introduction1 by ,rev4 ,dr4 ,,pott]4 #ahmo1 ,musl91 #de c5ts2 half ,b\nd1 #ej c5ts4 ,p>k]'s ,aids to ,engli% ,composition4 ,embrac+ ,specim5s & ,examples ( ,s*ool & ,college ,ex]cises1 & mo/ ( ! high] ,dep>tm5ts ( ,engli% ,composition4 #abmo1 ,musl91 #hj c5ts2 ,%eep extra1 #ij c5ts4 ,s$gwick's 7,miss7 ,means & ,ends2 ,or1 ,self-tra9+4 #ahmo1 ,musl91 #de c5ts4 ,! ,s*ool & ! ,s*oolma/]4 ,! ,s*ool2 its ,objects1 ,relations1 & ,uses4 ,) a ,sket* ( ! ,education mo/ ne$$ 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 ! pres5t ,/ate ( ,common ,s*ools1 c4 ,by ,rev4 ,dr4 ,,pott]4--,! prop] ,"*1 ,/udies1 & ,duties ( ! ,tea*]1 ) ! be/ ,me?ods = ! ,gov]nm5t & ,in/ruction ( ,common ,s*ools1 & ! ,pr9ciples on :i* ,s*ool-h\ses %\ld be ,built1 ,arrang$1 ,w>m$1 & ,v5tilat$4 ,by ,g4 ,b4 ,,em]son4 ,) ,engrav+s4 #abmo1 ,musl91 #a #jj4 ,phelps's 7,mrs47 ,fireside ,fri5d2 ,or1 ,female ,/ud5t3 be+ ,advice to ,"y ,ladies on ! ,subject ( ,education4 #abmo1 ,musl91 #ge c5ts4 ,smi?'s ,hi/ory ( ,education3 ,) a ,plan ( ,culture & ,in/ruction1 bas$ on ,*ri/ian ,pr9ciples1 & design$ to aid 9 ! "r ,education ( ,y\?1 ,physically1 ,intellectually1 & ,morally4 #ahmo1 ,musl91 #de c5ts4 ,russell's ,juv5ile ,speak]1 ,compris+ elem5t>y ,rules & ,ex]cises 9 ,declamation1 ) a ,selection ( ,pieces = ,practice4 #abmo1 ,musl91 #fj c5ts2 half ,b\nd1 #gj c5ts4 ,mill's ,logic1 ,ratioc9ative & ,inductive4 ,be+ a connect$ ,view ( ! ,pr9ciples ( ,evid5ce & ,me?ods ( ,sci5tific ,inve/igation4 #hvo1 ,musl91 #b #jj4 ,cic]o's ,?ree ,dialogues on ! ,orator4 ,translat$ into ,engli% by ,w4 ,,gu?rie4 ,revis$ & correct$1 ) ,notes4 #ahmo1 ,musl91 #de c5ts4 ,nott's ,c\nsels to ,"y ,m51 ,on ! ,=mation ( ,"*1 & ! ,pr9ciples :i* lead to ,success & ,happ9ess 9 ,life4 #ahmo1 ,musl91 #ej c5ts4