,?is ebook 0 transcrib$ by ,les ,b[l]4 ,picture3 ,george ,/eph5son ,,lives ,,( ,,! ,,eng9e]s4 ,,! ,,locomotive4 ,,george ,,& ,,rob]t ,,/eph5son4 ,,by ,,samuel ,,smiles1 ,,au?or ,,( ',,"*1' ',,self-,,help1' ,,etc4 ,bid ,h>b\rs op51 ,public ,ways ext5d2 ,bid ,temples1 wor?i] ( ,god1 asc5d2 ,bid ! broad ,ar* ! dang'r\s flood conta91 ,! ,mole project$ break ! ro>+ ma91 ,back to 8 b\nds _! subject sea comm&1 ,& roll ob$i5t riv]s ?r\gh ! l&4 ,^! hon\rs1 ,peace to happy ,brita9 br+s2 ,^! are imp]ial works1 & wor?y k+s4 ,,pope4 ,a ,,new ,,& ,,revis$ ,,edition4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,london3 ,,john ,,murray1 ,,albem>le ,,/reet #ahgi4 ,! "r ( ,translation is res]v$4 ,,introduction4 ,s9ce ! appe>ance ( ?is book 9 its orig9al =m1 "s sev5te5 ye>s s9ce1 ! con/ruction ( ,railways has cont9u$ to make extraord9>y progress4 ,al?\gh ,great ,brita91 fir/ 9 ! field1 _h !n1 aft] ab\t tw5ty-five ye>s' "w1 exp5d$ ne>ly #cjj millions /]l+ 9 ! con/ruction ( #hcjj miles ( railway1 x has1 dur+ ! la/ sev5te5 ye>s1 exp5d$ ab\t #bhh millions m 9 con/ruct+ #gghj additional miles4 ,b ! con/ruction ( railways has proce$$ ) equal rapidity on ! ,cont95t4 ,france1 ,g]many1 ,spa91 ,sw$51 ,belgium1 ,switz]l&1 ,holl&1 h l>gely add$ to _! railway mileage4 ,au/ria is actively engag$ 9 c>ry+ new l9es across ! pla9s ( ,hung>y1 :i* ,turkey is prep>+ to meet by l9es c>ri$ up ! valley ( ! ,l[] ,danube4 ,russia is also occupi$ ) ext5sive s*emes = connect+ ,pet]sburg & ,mosc[ ) h] ports 9 ! ,black ,sea on ! "o h&1 & ) ! fronti] t[ns ( h] ,asiatic empire on ! o!r4 ,italy is employ+ h] new-born lib]ty 9 vigor\sly ext5d+ railways ?r\gh\t h] dom9ions4 ,a direct l9e ( communication has already be5 op5$ betwe5 ,france & ,italy1 ?r\gh ! ,mont ,c5is ,tunnel2 :ile ano!r has be5 op5$ betwe5 ,g]many & ,italy ?r\gh ! ,br5n] ,pass1--s t ! entire j\rney may n[ be made by two diff]5t railway r\tes 7except+ only ! %ort sea-passage across ! ,engli% ,*annel7 f ,london to ,br9disi1 situat$ 9 ! s\?-ea/]n extremity ( ! ,italian p59sula4 ,dur+ ! la/ sixte5 ye>s1 ne>ly ! :ole ( ! ,indian railways h be5 made4 ,:5 ,edmund ,burke1 9 #aghc1 arraign$ ! ,briti% ,gov]nm5t = _! neglect ( ,india 9 8 spee* on ,mr4 ,fox's ,bill1 he said3 ,engl& has built no bridges1 made no high roads1 cut no navigations1 dug out no res]voirs4 4 4 4 ,7 we to be driv5 out ( ,india ?is day1 no?+ w\ld rema9 to tell t x _h be5 possess$1 dur+ ! +lori\s p]iod ( our dom9ion1 by any?+ bett] ?an ! ourang-outang or ! tig]4 ,b t reproa* no long] exi/s4 ,"s ( ! greate/ bridges erect$ 9 mod]n times--su* z ^? ov] ! ,sone ne> ,patna1 & ov] ! ,jumna at ,allahabad--h be5 erect$ 9 connection ) ! ,indian railways4 ,m ?an #ejjj miles are n[ at "w1 & !y h be5 con/ruct$ at an exp5diture ( ab\t #hh1jjj1jjj p\nds ( ,briti% capital1 gu>ante$ by ! ,briti% ,gov]nm5t4 ,! ,indian railways connect ! capitals ( ! ?ree ,presid5cies--unit+ ,bombay ) ,madras on ! s\?1 & ) ,calcutta on ! nor?-ea/--:ile a great ma9 l9e1 #bbjj miles 9 ext5t1 pass+ ?r\gh ! nor?-we/]n prov9ces1 & connect+ ,calcutta ) ,luckn[1 ,delhi1 ,lahore1 ,m\ltan1 & ,kurra*ee1 unites ! m\?s ( ! ,hooghly 9 ! ,bay ( ,b5gal ) ^? ( ! ,indus 9 ! ,arabian ,sea4 ,:5 ! fir/ edition ( ?is "w appe>$1 9 ! beg9n+ ( #aheg1 ! ,canadian sy/em ( railways 0 b 9 its infancy4 ,! ,gr& ,trunk 0 only begun1 & ! ,victoria ,bridge--! greate/ ( all railway /ructures--0 n half erect$4 ,! ,colony ( ,canada has n[ m ?an #cjjj miles 9 active op]ation along ! great valley ( ! ,/4 ,lawr5ce1 connect+ ,rivi]e du ,l\p at ! m\? ( t riv]1 & ! h>b\r ( ,portl& 9 ! ,/ate ( ,ma9e1 via ,montreal & ,toronto1 ) ,s>nia on ,lake ,huron1 & ) ,w9dsor1 opposite ,detroit 9 ! ,/ate ( ,mi*igan4 ,dur+ ! same "t ! ,au/ralian ,colonies h be5 actively engag$ 9 provid+ !mselves ) railways1 _m ( :i* are at "w1 & o!rs are 9 c\rse ( =mation4 ,! ,cape ( ,good ,hope has sev]al l9es op51 & o!rs mak+4 ,france has con/ruct$ ab\t #djj miles 9 ,alg]ia2 :ile ! ,pa%a ( ,egypt is ! proprietor ( #cfj miles 9 op]ation across ! ,egyptian des]t4 ,! ,japanese are also mak+ railroads4 ,b 9 no c\ntry has railway con/ruction be5 prosecut$ ) great] vig\r ?an 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,!re ! railway furni%es n only ! means ( int]communication betwe5 already e/abli%$ settlem5ts1 z 9 ! ,old ,_w2 b x is reg>d$ z ! pione] ( colonization1 & z in/rum5tal 9 op5+ up new & f]tile t]ritories ( va/ ext5t 9 ! we/1--! food-gr\nds ( future nations4 ,h5ce railway con/ruction 9 t c\ntry 0 sc>cely int]rupt$ ev5 by ! great ,civil ,w>1--at ! comm5cem5t ( :i* ,mr4 ,sew>d publicly express$ ! op9ion t physical bonds--su* z highways1 railroads1 riv]s1 & canals--are va/ly m p[]ful = hold+ civil communities toge!r ?an any m]e cov5ants1 ?\gh writt5 on p>*m5t or engrav$ on iron4 ,! p ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates 7 ! fir/ to foll[ ! example ( ,engl&1 aft] ! practicability ( /eam locomotion _h be5 prov$ on ! ,/ockton & ,d>l+ton1 & ,liv]pool & ,man*e/] ,railways4 ,! fir/ sod ( ! ,baltimore & ,ohio ,railway 0 cut on ! #d? ( ,july1 #ahbh1 & ! l9e 0 complet$ & op5$ = traffic 9 ! foll[+ ye>1 :5 x 0 work$ p>tly by horse-p[]1 & p>tly by a locomotive built at ,baltimore1 :i* is /ill pres]v$ 9 ! ,company's work%ops4 ,9 #ahcj1 ! ,hudson & ,mohawk ,railway 0 begun1 :ile o!r l9es 7 "u con/ruction 9 ,p5nsylvania1 ,massa*usetts1 & ,new ,j]sey2 & 9 ! c\rse ( t5 ye>s1 #ahdc miles 7 f9i%$ & 9 op]ation4 ,9 t5 m ye>s1 #hhbg miles 7 at "w2 at ! end ( #ahfd1 #ce1jjj miles2 & at ! #ca/ ( ,decemb]1 #ahgc1 n less ?an #gj1fea miles 7 9 op]ation1 ( :i* #ciaf _h be5 made dur+ t ye>4 ,"o ( ! mo/ ext5sive trunk-l9es is ! ,great ,pacific ,railroad1 connect+ ! l9es 9 ! valleys ( ! ,mississippi & ! ,miss\ri ) ! city ( ,san ,francisco on ! %ores ( ! ,pacific1 by means ( :i* x is possible to make ! j\rney f ,engl& to ,hong ,kong1 via ,new ,york1 9 little m ?an a mon?4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! results ( ! work+ ( railways h be5 9 _m respects diff]5t f ^? anticipat$ by _! projectors4 ,"o ( ! mo/ unexpect$ has be5 ! gr[? ( an imm5se pass5g]-traffic4 ,! ,/ockton & ,d>l+ton l9e 0 project$ z a coal l9e only1 & ! ,liv]pool & ,man*e/] z a m]*&ise l9e4 ,pass5g]s 7 n tak5 into acc\nt z a s\rce ( rev5ue1 = at ! "t ( _! projection1 x 0 n believ$ t p w\ld tru/ !mselves to be drawn ^u a railway by an explosive ma*9e1 z ! locomotive 0 describ$ to be4 ,inde$1 a writ] ( em95ce decl>$ t he w\ld z soon ?9k ( be+ fir$ (f on a rico*et rocket1 z travel on a railway at twice ! spe$ ( ! old /agecoa*es4 ,s great 0 ! al>m :i* exi/$ z to ! locomotive1 t ! ,liv]pool & ,man*e/] ,committee pl$g$ !mselves 9 _! second prospectus1 issu$ 9 #ahbe1 n to require any clause emp[]+ its use2 & z late z #ahbi1 ! ,newca/le & ,c>lisle ,act 0 conc$$ on ! express condition t ! l9e %\ld n be work$ by locomotives1 b by horses only4 ,nev]!less1 ! ,liv]pool & ,man*e/] ,company obta9$ p[]s to make & "w _! railway )\t any su* re/riction2 & :5 ! l9e 0 made & op5$1 a locomotive pass5g] tra9 0 adv]tis$ to be run ^u x1 by way ( exp]im5t4 ,greatly to ! surprise ( ! directors1 m pass5g]s pres5t$ !mselves z travell]s by ! tra9 ?an c\ld conv5i5tly be c>ri$4 ,! fir/ arrangem5ts z to pass5g]-traffic 7 ( a v primitive "*1 be+ ma9ly copi$ f ! old /age-coa* sy/em4 ,! pass5g]s 7 book$ at ! railway (fice1 & _! names 7 ent]$ 9 a way-bill :i* 0 giv5 to ! gu>d :5 ! tra9 />t$4 ,?\gh ! usual /age-coa* bugleman c\ld n conv5i5tly accompany ! pass5g]s1 ! tra9s 7 at fir/ play$ out ( ! t]m9al /ations by a lively tune p]=m$ by a trumpet] at ! end ( ! plat=m2 & ?is cont9u$ to be done at ! ,man*e/] ,/ation until a comp>atively rec5t date4 ,b ! numb] ( pass5g]s c>ri$ by ! ,liv]pool & ,man*e/] l9e 0 s unexpect$ly great1 t x 0 v soon f\nd necess>y to remodel ! entire sy/em4 ,tickets 7 introduc$1 by :i* a great sav+ ( "t 0 effect$4 ,m roomy & commodi\s c>riages 7 provid$1 ! orig9al fir/-class comp>tm5ts be+ seat$ = f\r pass5g]s only4 ,ev]y?+ 0 f\nd to h be5 9 ! fir/ in/ance made too light & too slight4 ,! prize ',rocket1' :i* weigh$ only #d4e tons :5 load$ ) its coke & wat]1 0 f\nd q unsuit$ = draw+ ! increas+ly heavy loads ( pass5g]s4 ,!re 0 also ?is ess5tial diff]5ce betwe5 ! old /age-coa* & ! new railway tra91 t1 :]eas ! =m] 0 full ) six inside & t5 outside1 ! latt] mu/ be able to accommodate :atev] numb] ( pass5g]s came to be c>ri$4 ,h5ce heavi] & m p[]ful eng9es1 & l>g] & m sub/antial c>riages 7 f "t to "t add$ to ! c>ry+ /ock ( ! railway4 ,! spe$ ( ! tra9s 0 also increas$4 ,! fir/ locomotives us$ 9 haul+ coal-tra9s ran at f f\r to six miles an h\r4 ,on ! ,/ockton & ,d>l+ton l9e ! spe$ 0 increas$ to ab\t t5 miles an h\r2 & on ! ,liv]pool & ,man*e/] l9e ! fir/ pass5g]-tra9s 7 run at ! av]age spe$ ( sev5te5 miles an h\r1 :i* at t "t 0 consid]$ v fa/4 ,b ?is 0 n en\gh4 ,:5 ! ,london & ,birm+ham l9e 0 op5$1 ! mail-tra9s 7 run at tw5ty-?ree miles an h\r2 & gradually ! spe$ w5t up1 until n[ ! fa/ tra9s are run at f fifty to sixty miles an h\r1--! pi/ons 9 ! cyl9d]s1 at sixty miles1 travell+ at ! inconceivable rapidity ( #hjj feet p] m9ute6 ,to be> ! load ( heavy eng9es run at high spe$s1 a mu* /rong] & heavi] road 0 f\nd necess>y2 & %ortly aft] ! op5+ ( ! ,liv]pool & ,man*e/] l9e1 x 0 entirely relaid ) /rong] mat]ials4 ,n[ t express pass5g]-eng9es are f ?irty to ?irty-five tons ea*1 ! weight ( ! rails has be5 increas$ f #ce lbs4 to #ge lbs4 or #hf lbs4 to ! y>d4 ,/one blocks h giv5 place to wood5 sleep]s2 rails ) loose ends re/+ on ! *airs1 to rails ) _! ends firmly fi%$ toge!r2 & 9 _m places1 :]e ! traffic is unusually heavy1 iron rails h be5 replac$ by ^? ( /eel4 ,& n[ see ! enorm\s magnitude to :i* railway pass5g]-traffic has gr[n4 ,9 ! ye> #ahgc1 #dja1dfe1jhf pass5g]s 7 c>ri$ by day tickets 9 ,great ,brita9 alone4 ,b ?is 0 n all4 ,= 9 t ye> #beg1dgj p]iodical tickets 7 issu$ by ! diff]5t railways2 & assum+ half ( !m to be annual1 "o-f\r? half-ye>ly1 & ! rema9d] qu>t]ly tickets1 & t _! hold]s made only five j\rneys ea* way weekly1 ?is w\ld give an additional numb] ( #dg1jbd1jjj j\rneys1 or a total ( #ddh1dhi1jhf pass5g]s c>ri$ 9 ,great ,brita9 9 "o ye>4 ,x is difficult to grasp ! idea ( ! enorm\s numb] ( p]sons repres5t$ by ^! figures4 ,! m9d is m]ely bewild]$ by !m1 & c =m no adequate notion ( _! magnitude4 ,to reckon !m s+ly w\ld occupy tw5ty-five ye>s1 c\nt+ at ! rate ( "o a second = twelve h\rs e day4 ,or take ano!r illu/ration4 ,suppos+ e man1 woman1 & *ild 9 ,great ,brita9 to make t5 j\rneys by rail ye>ly1 ! numb] w\ld greatly fall %ort ( ! pass5g]s c>ri$ 9 #ahgc4 ,mr4 ,port]1 9 8 ',progress ( ! ,nation1' e/imat$ t ?irty millions ( pass5g]s1 or ab\t eighty-two ?\s& a day1 travell$ by coa*es 9 ,great ,brita9 9 #ahcd1 an av]age di/ance ( twelve miles ea*1 at an av]age co/ ( #es4 a pass5g]1 or at ! rate ( #e;d4 a mile2 :]eas above #ddh millions are n[ c>ri$ by railway an av]age di/ance ( #h4e miles ea*1 at an av]age co/ ( #as4 #a4e;d4 p] pass5g]1 or ab\t ?ree halfp5ce p] mile1 9 consid]ably less ?an "o-f\r? ( ! "t4 ,b besides ! above numb] ( pass5g]s1 ov] "o hundr$ & sixty-two million tons ( m9]als & m]*&ise 7 c>ri$ by railway 9 ! ,unit$ ,k+dom 9 #ahgc1 besides mails1 cattle1 p>cels1 & o!r traffic4 ,! di/ance run by pass5g] & goods tra9s 9 ! ye> 0 #afb1efa1cjd miles2 to accompli% :i* x is e/imat$ t f\r miles ( railway mu/ h be5 cov]$ by runn+ tra9s dur+ e second all ! ye> r\nd4 ,to p]=m ?is s]vice1 !re 71 9 #ahgc1 #aa1bee locomotives at "w 9 ! ,unit$ ,k+dom1 consum+ ab\t f\r million tons ( coal & coke1 & fla%+ into ! air e m9ute "s =ty tons ( wat] 9 ! =m ( /eam 9 a high /ate ( ela/icity4 ,!re 7 also #bd1fdd pass5g]-c>riages1 #iabh vans & breaks atta*$ to pass5g]-tra9s1 & #cbi1afc trucks1 waggons1 & o!r vehicles appropriat$ to m]*&ise4 ,buckl$ toge!r1 buff] to buff]1 ! locomotives & t5d]s w\ld ext5d f ,london to ,pet]bor\gh2 :ile ! c>ry+ vehicles1 jo9$ toge!r1 w\ld =m two tra9s occupy+ a d\ble l9e ( railway ext5d+ f ,london to beyond ,inv]ness4 ,a notable feature 9 ! gr[? ( railway traffic ( late ye>s has be5 ! increase 9 ! numb] ( ?ird-class pass5g]s1 comp>$ ) fir/ & second class4 ,sixte5 ye>s s9ce1 ! ?ird-class pass5g]s con/itut$ only ab\t "o-?ird2 t5 ye>s lat]1 !y 7 ab\t "o-half2 :]eas n[ !y =m m ?an ?ree-f\r?s ( ! :ole numb] c>ri$4 ,9 #ahgc1 !re 7 ab\t #bc million fir/-class pass5g]s1 #fb million second-class1 & n less ?an #cjf million ?ird-class4 ,?us ,george ,/eph5son's pr$iction1 t ! "t w\ld come :5 x w\ld be *eap] = a work+ man to make a j\rney by railway ?an to walk on foot1 is already v]ifi$4 ,! degree ( safety ) :i* ?is great traffic has be5 conduct$ is n ! lea/ rem>kable ( its features4 ,( c\rse1 s long z railways are work$ by m5 !y w be liable to ! imp]fections belong+ to all ?+s human4 ,?\gh _! ma*9]y may be p]fect & _! organisation z complete z skill & =e?\ght c make x1 workm5 w at times be =getful & li/less2 & a mom5t's c>elessness may lead to ! mo/ disa/r\s results4 ,yet1 tak+ all circum/ances into acc\nt1 ! wond] is1 t travell+ by railway at high spe$ %\ld h be5 r5d]$ comp>atively s safe4 ,to be /ruck by lightn+ is "o ( ! r>e/ ( all causes ( dea?2 yet m p]sons are kill$ by lightn+ 9 ,great ,brita9 ?an are kill$ on railways f causes beyond _! own control4 ,mo/ p]sons w\ld consid] ! probability ( _! dy+ by hang+ to be extremely remote2 yet1 accord+ to ! ,regi/r>-,g5]al's returns1 x is consid]ably great] ?an t ( be+ kill$ by railway accid5t4 ,! rem>kable safety ) :i* railway traffic is on ! :ole conduct$1 is due to con/ant wat*fulness & highly-appli$ skill4 ,! m5 :o "w ! railways are = ! mo/ "p ! pick$ m5 ( ! c\ntry1 & e railway /ation may be reg>d$ z a practical s*ool ( indu/ry1 att5tion1 & punctuality4 ,few are aw>e ( ! complicat$ means & ag5cies t are 9 con/ant op]ation on railways day & night1 to ensure ! safety ( ! pass5g]s to _! j\rney's end4 ,! road is "u a sy/em ( cont9u\s inspection4 ,! railway is wat*$ by =em51 ) gangs ( m5 "u !m1 9 l5g?s v>y+ f twelve to five miles1 accord+ to circum/ances4 ,_! cont9u\s duty is to see t ! rails & *airs are s\nd1 _! fa/5+s complete1 & ! l9e cle> ( all ob/ructions4 ,!n1 at all ! junctions1 sid+s1 & cross+s1 po9tsm5 are /ation$1 ) def9ite in/ructions z to ! duties to be p]=m$ by !m4 ,at ^! places1 signals are provid$1 work$ f ! /ation plat=ms1 or f special signal boxes1 = ! purpose ( protect+ ! /opp+ or pass+ tra9s4 ,:5 ! fir/ railways 7 op5$1 ! signals 7 ( a v simple k9d4 ,! /ation m5 gave !m ) _! arms /ret*$ out 9 diff]5t positions2 !n flags ( diff]5t col\rs 7 us$2 next fix$ signals1 ) arms or discs ( rectangul> or triangul> %ape4 ,^! 7 foll[$ by a complete sy/em ( semaphore signals1 ne> & di/ant1 protect+ all junctions1 sid+s1 & cross+s4 ,:5 ,gov]nm5t inspectors 7 fir/ appo9t$ by ! ,bo>d ( ,trade to exam9e & report ^u ! work+ ( railways1 !y 7 al>m$ by ! numb] ( tra9s foll[+ ea* o!r at "s /ations1 9 :at !n seem$ to be a v rapid succession4 ,a passage f a ,report writt5 9 #ahdj by ,sir ,fr$]ick ,smi?1 z to ! traffic at ,taylor's ,junction1 on ! ,york & ,nor? ,midl& ,railway1 contra/s curi\sly ) ! railway life & activity ( ! pres5t day3--,"h1 wrote ! al>m$ ,inspector1 ! pass5g] tra9s f ,york z well z ,le$s & ,selby1 meet f\r times a day4 ,no less ?an #bc pass5g]-tra9s /op at or pass ?is /ation 9 ! #ba h\rs--an am\nt ( traffic requir+ n only ! utmo/ p]fect arrangem5ts on ! "p ( ! managem5t1 b ! utmo/ vigilance & en]gy 9 ! s]vants ( ! ,company employ$ at ?is place4 ,contra/ ?is ) ! /ate ( ?+s n[4 ,on ! ,metropolitan ,l9e1 #ffg tra9s pass a giv5 po9t 9 "o direction or ! o!r dur+ ! eighte5 h\rs ( ! work+ day1 or an av]age ( #cf tra9s an h\r4 ,at ! ,cannon ,/reet ,/ation ( ! ,s\?-,ea/]n ,railway1 #fbg tra9s pass 9 & out daily1 _m ( !m cross+ ea* o!r's tracks "u ! protection ( ! /ation-signals4 ,=ty-five tra9s run 9 & out betwe5 #i & #aj ,a4,m41 & an equal numb] betwe5 #d & #e ,p4,m4 ,aga91 at ! ,clapham ,junction1 ne> ,london1 ab\t #gjj tra9s pass or /op daily2 & ?\gh to ! casual obs]v] ! succession ( tra9s com+ & go+1 runn+ & /opp+1 c\pl+ & %unt+1 appe>s a sc5e ( inextricable confusion & dang]1 ! :ole is cle>ly intelligible to ! signalm5 9 _! boxes1 :o "w ! tra9s 9 & out ) extraord9>y precision & regul>ity4 ,! inside ( a signal-box rem9ds "o ( a pian(orte on a l>ge scale1 ! lev]-h&les correspond+ ) ! keys ( ! in/rum5t2 &1 to an un9/ruct$ p]son1 to "w ! "o w\ld be z difficult z to play a tune on ! o!r4 ,! signal-box outside ,cannon ,/reet ,/ation conta9s #fg lev]-h&les1 by means ( :i* ! signalm5 are enabl$ at ! same mom5t to communicate ) ! driv]s ( all ! eng9es on ! l9e )9 an area ( #hjj y>ds4 ,!y direct by signs1 :i* are q z intelligible z words1 ! driv]s ( ! tra9s />t+ f inside ! /ation1 z well z ^? ( ! tra9s arriv+ f outside4 ,by pull+ a lev]-h&le1 a di/ant signal1 p]haps out ( sight1 is set "s hundr$ y>ds (f1 :i* ! approa*+ driv]--read+ x quickly z he comes along--at once int]prets1 & /ops or advances z ! signal may direct4 ,! precision & accuracy ( ! signal-ma*9]y employ$ at important /ations & junctions h ( late ye>s be5 mu* improv$ by an +5i\s contrivance1 by means ( :i* ! sett+ ( ! signal prep>es ! road = ! com+ tra94 ,:5 ! signal is set at ,dang]1 ! po9ts are at ! same "t work$1 & ! road is lock$ aga9/ x2 & :5 at ,safety1 ! road is op51--! signal & ! po9ts exactly correspond+4 ,! ,electric ,telegraph has also be5 f\nd a valuable auxili>y 9 ensur+ ! safe work+ ( l>ge railway traffics4 ,?\gh ! locomotive may run at #fj miles an h\r1 electricity1 :5 at its fa/e/1 travels at ! rate ( #bhh1jjj miles a second1 & is !re=e always able to h]ald ! com+ tra94 ,! electric telegraph may1 inde$1 be reg>d$ z ! n]v\s sy/em ( ! railway4 ,by its means ! :ole l9e is kept ?robb+ ) intellig5ce4 ,! me?od ( work+ ! electric signals v>ies on diff]5t l9es2 b ! usual practice is1 to divide a l9e into s _m l5g?s1 ea* protect$ by its signal-/ations1--! fundam5tal law ( telegraph-work+ be+1 t two eng9es are n to be all[$ to run on ! same l9e betwe5 two signal-/ations at ! same "t4 ,:5 a tra9 passes "o ( su* /ations1 x is imm$iately signall$ on--usually by electric signal-bells--to ! /ation 9 advance1 & t int]val ( railway is block$ until ! signal has be5 receiv$ f ! /ation 9 advance t ! tra9 has pass$ x4 ,?us an int]val ( space is always secur$ betwe5 tra9s foll[+ ea* o!r1 :i* are !reby alike protect$ be=e & beh9d4 ,& ?us1 :5 a tra9 />ts on a j\rney1 x may be ( hundr$s ( miles1 x is signall$ on f /ation to /ation--x lives along ! l9e1--until at l5g? x rea*es its de/9ation & ! la/ signal ( tra9 9 is giv54 ,by ?is means an imm5se numb] ( tra9s c be work$ ) regul>ity & safety4 ,on ! ,s\?-,ea/]n ,railway1 :]e ! sy/em has be5 br\ght to a /ate ( high effici5cy1 x is no unusual ?+ dur+ ,ea/] week to s5d #fjj1jjj pass5g]s ?r\gh ! ,london ,bridge ,/ation alone2 & on "s days z _m z #abjj tra9s a-day4 ,:ile su* are ! exp$i5ts adopt$ to ensure safety1 o!rs equally +5i\s are adopt$ to ensure spe$4 ,9 ! case ( express & mail tra9s1 ! frequ5t /opp+ ( ! eng9es to take 9 a fre% supply ( wat] occasions a consid]able loss ( "t on a long j\rney1 ea* /oppage = ?is purpose occupy+ f t5 to fifte5 m9utes4 ,to avoid su* /oppages1 l>g] t5d]s h be5 provid$1 capable ( c>ry+ z mu* z #bjjj gallons ( wat] ea*4 ,b z a consid]able "t is occupi$ 9 fill+ ^!1 a plan has be5 contriv$ by ,mr4 ,ramsbottom1 ! ,locomotive ,eng9e] ( ! ,london & ,nor?-,we/]n ,railway1 by :i* ! eng9es are made to fe$ !mselves :ile runn+ at full spe$6 ,! plan is z foll[s3--,an op5 tr\gh1 ab\t #ddj feet long1 is laid longitud9ally betwe5 ! rails4 ,into ?is tr\gh1 :i* is fill$ ) wat]1 a dip-pipe or scoop atta*$ to ! bottom ( ! t5d] ( ! runn+ tra9 is l[]$2 &1 at a spe$ ( #ej miles an h\r1 z mu* z #ajgj gallons ( wat] are scoop$ up 9 ! c\rse ( a few m9utes4 ,! fir/ ( su* tr\ghs 0 laid d[n betwe5 ,*e/] & ,holyhead1 to enable ! ,express ,mail to run ! di/ance ( #hda miles 9 two h\rs & five m9utes )\t /opp+2 & simil> tr\ghs h s9ce be5 laid d[n at ,bu%ey ne> ,london1 at ,ca/le?orpe ne> ,wolv]ton1 & at ,p>kside ne> ,liv]pool4 ,at ^! f\r tr\ghs ab\t #acj1jjj gallons ( wat] are scoop$ up daily4 ,:]ev] railways h be5 made1 new t[ns h sprung up1 & old t[ns & cities be5 quick5$ into new life4 ,:5 ! fir/ ,engli% l9es 7 project$1 great 7 ! prophecies ( disa/] to ! inhabitants ( ! di/ricts ?r\gh :i* !y 7 propos$ to be =c$4 ,su* fe>s h long s9ce be5 dispell$ 9 ?is c\ntry4 ,! same prejudices exi/$ 9 ,france4 ,:5 ! railway f ,p>is to ,m>seilles 0 laid out s z to pass ?r\gh ,lyons1 a local prophet pr$ict$ t if ! l9e 7 made ! city w\ld be ru9$--,ville trav]see1 ville p]due2 :ile a local prie/ d5\nc$ ! locomotive & ! electric telegraph z h]ald+ ! reign ( ,anti*ri/4 ,b su* nons5se is no long] utt]$4 ,n[ x is ! city )\t ! railway t is reg>d$ z ! city lo/2 = x is 9 a measure %ut out f ! re/ ( ! _w1 & left outside ! pale ( civilisation4 ,p]haps ! mo/ /rik+ ( all ! illu/rations t c\ld be (f]$ ( ! ext5t to :i* railways facilitate ! locomotion1 ! indu/ry1 & ! subsi/5ce ( ! population ( l>ge t[ns & cities1 is af=d$ by ! work+ ( ! railway sy/em 9 connection ) ! capital ( ,great ,brita94 ,! ext5sion ( railways to ,london has be5 ( comp>atively rec5t date2 ! :ole ( ! l9es connect+ x ) ! prov9ces & t]m9at+ at its outskirts1 hav+ be5 op5$ dur+ ! la/ ?irty ye>s1 :ile ! l9es inside ,london h = ! mo/ "p be5 op5$ )9 ! la/ sixte5 ye>s4 ,! fir/ ,london l9e 0 ! ,gre5wi* ,railway1 "p ( :i* 0 op5$ = traffic to ,dept=d 9 ,febru>y #ahcf4 ,! work+ ( ?is railway 0 fir/ exhibit$ z a %[1 & ! usual attractions 7 employ$ to make x draw4 ,a b& ( musicians 9 ! g>b ( ! ,beef-eat]s 0 /ation$ at ! ,london end1 & ano!r b& at ,dept=d4 ,= *eapness' sake ! ,dept=d b& 0 %ortly sup]s$$ by a l>ge b>rel-organ1 :i* play$ 9 ! pass5g]s2 b1 :5 ! traffic became e/abli%$1 ! b>rel organ1 z well z ! beef-eat] b& at ! ,london end1 7 bo? discont9u$4 ,! :ole l5g? ( ! l9e 0 lit up at night by a r[ ( lamps on ei!r side l a /reet1 z if to enable ! locomotives or ! pass5g]s to see _! way 9 ! d>k2 b ^! lamps also 7 ev5tually discont9u$ z unnecess>y4 ,z a %[1 ! ,gre5wi* ,railway prov$ tol]ably successful4 ,dur+ ! fir/ elev5 mon?s x c>ri$ #def1gej pass5g]s1 or an av]age ( ab\t #acjj a-day4 ,b ! railway hav+ be5 f\nd m conv5i5t to ! public ?an ei!r ! riv] boats or ! omnibuses1 ! numb] ( pass5g]s rapidly increas$4 ,:5 ! ,croydon1 ,brighton1 & ,s\?-,ea/]n ,railways began to p\r _! /reams ( traffic ov] ! ,gre5wi* viaduct1 its accommodation 0 f\nd mu* too limit$2 & x 0 wid5$ f "t to "t1 until n[ n9e l9es ( railway are laid side by side1 ov] :i* m ?an tw5ty millions ( pass5g]s are c>ri$ ye>ly1 or an av]age ( ab\t #fj1jjj a day all ! ye> r\nd4 ,s9ce ! p>tial op5+ ( ! ,gre5wi* ,railway 9 #ahcf1 a l>ge ext5t ( railways has be5 con/ruct$ 9 & ab\t ! metropolis1 & conv5i5t /ations h be5 e/abli%$ almo/ 9 ! he>t ( ! ,city4 ,sixte5 ( ^! /ations are )9 a circle ( half a mile radius f ! ,mansion ,h\se1 & above ?ree hundr$ /ations are 9 actual use )9 ab\t five miles ( ,*>+ ,cross4 ,to accommodate ?is va/ traffic1 n few] ?an #cfjj local tra9s are run 9 & out daily1 besides #cdj tra9s :i* dep>t to & arrive f di/ant places1 nor?1 s\?1 ea/1 & we/4 ,9 ! morn+ h\rs1 betwe5 #h4cj & #aj4cj1 :5 bus9ess m5 are proce$+ inw>ds to _! (fices & c\nt+-h\ses1 & 9 ! aft]noon betwe5 f\r & six1 :5 !y are return+ outw>ds to _! homes1 z _m z two ?\s& /oppages are made 9 ! h\r1 )9 ! metropolitan di/rict1 = ! purpose ( tak+ up & sett+ d[n pass5g]s1 :ile ab\t two miles ( railway are cov]$ by ! runn+ tra9s4 ,"o ( ! rem>kable effects ( railways has be5 to ext5d ! resid5tial area ( all l>ge t[ns & cities4 ,?is is especially notable 9 ! case ( ,london4 ,be=e ! introduction ( railways1 ! resid5tial area ( ! metropolis 0 limit$ by ! "t occupi$ by bus9ess m5 9 mak+ ! j\rney outw>ds & inw>ds daily2 & x 0 = ! mo/ "p b\nd$ by ,b[ on ! ea/1 by ,hamp/ead & ,highgate on ! nor?1 by ,padd+ton & ,k5s+ton on ! we/1 & by ,clapham & ,brixton on ! s\?4 ,b n[ t /ations h be5 e/abli%$ ne> ! c5tre ( ! city1 & places s di/ant z ,wal?am1 ,b>net1 ,wat=d1 ,hanwell1 ,ri*mond1 ,epsom1 ,croydon1 ,reigate1 & ,eri?1 c be m quickly rea*$ by rail ?an ! old suburban qu>t]s 7 by omnibus1 ! metropolis has become ext5d$ 9 all directions along its railway l9es1 & ! population ( ,london1 in/ead ( liv+ 9 ! ,city or its imm$iate vic9ity1 z =m]ly1 h come to occupy a resid5tial area ( n less ?an six hundr$ squ>e miles6 ,! numb] ( new t[ns :i* h consequ5tly sprung into exi/5ce ne> ,london )9 ! la/ tw5ty ye>s has be5 v great2 t[ns numb]+ f t5 to tw5ty ?\s& inhabitants1 :i* be=e 7 b villages1--if1 inde$1 !y exi/$4 ,?is has especially be5 ! case along ! l9es s\? ( ! ,?ames1 pr9cipally 9 consequ5ce ( ! t]m9i ( ^? l9es be+ m conv5i5tly situat$ = city m5 ( bus9ess4 ,h5ce ! rapid gr[? ( ! suburban t[ns up & d[n ! riv]1 f ,ri*mond & ,/a9es on ! we/1 to ,eri? & ,graves5d on ! ea/1 & ! hives ( population :i* h settl$ on ! high gr\nds s\? ( ! ,?ames1 9 ! neighb\rhood ( ,norwood & ! ,cry/al ,palace1 rapidly spread+ ov] ! ,surrey ,d[ns1 f ,wimbl$on to ,guild=d1 & f ,bromley to ,croydon1 ,epsom1 & ,dork+4 ,& n[ t ! t[ns on ! s\? & s\?-ea/ coa/ c be rea*$ by city m5 9 little m "t ?an x takes to travel to ,clapham or ,bayswat] by omnibus1 su* places h become z x 7 p>ts ( ! great metropolis1 & ,brighton & ,ha/+s are b ! m>9e suburbs ( ,london4 ,! improv$ /ate ( ! communications ( ! ,city ) ! c\ntry has _h a m>k$ effect ^u its population4 ,:ile ! action ( ! railways has be5 to add l>gely to ! numb] ( p]sons liv+ 9 ,london1 x has also be5 accompani$ by _! disp]sion ov] a mu* l>g] area4 ,?us ! population ( ! c5tral p>ts ( ,london is con/antly decreas+1 :]eas t ( ! suburban di/ricts is z con/antly increas+4 ,! population ( ! ,city fell (f m ?an #aj1jjj betwe5 #ahea & #ahfa2 & dur+ ! same p]iod1 t ( ,holborn1 ! ,/r&1 ,/4 ,m>t9's-9-!-,fields1 ,/4 ,james's1 ,we/m9/]1 ,ea/ & ,we/ ,london1 %[$ a consid]able decrease4 ,b1 z reg>ds ! :ole mass ( ! metropolitan population1 ! increase has be5 enorm\s4 ,?us1 />t+ f #ahja1 :5 ! population ( ,london 0 #ieh1hfc1 we f9d x increas+ 9 ea* dec5nial p]iod at ! rate ( betwe5 two & ?ree hundr$ ?\s&1 until ! ye> #ahda1 :5 x am\nt$ to #a1idh1cfi4 ,railways _h by t "t rea*$ ,london1 aft] :i* its population increas$ at ne>ly d\ble ! =m] ratio4 ,9 ! t5 ye>s end+ #ahea1 ! increase 0 #eac1hfg2 & 9 ! t5 ye>s end+ #ahfa1 #dda1gec3 until n[1 to quote ! words ( ! ,regi/r>-,g5]al 9 a rec5t annual ,report1 ! population )9 ! regi/ration limits is by e/imate #b1iic1eac2 b beyond ?is c5tral mass !re is a r+ ( life gr[+ rapidly1 & ext5d+ along railway l9es ov] a circle ( fifte5 miles f ,*>+ ,cross4 ,! population )9 t circle1 patroll$ by ! metropolitan police1 is ab\t #c1dfc1gga6 ,! aggregation ( s va/ a numb] ( p]sons )9 s comp>atively limit$ an area--! imm5se quantity ( food requir$ = _! daily su/5ance1 z well z ( fuel1 clo?+1 & o!r necess>ies--w\ld be att5d$ ) no small inconv5i5ce & dang]1 b = ! facilities aga9 provid$ by ! railways4 ,! provision+ ( a g>rison ( ev5 f\r ?\s& m5 is consid]$ a =midable affair2 h[ mu* m s ! provision+ ( ne>ly f\r millions ( p6 ,! :ole my/]y is expla9$ by ! admirable organisation ( ! railway s]vice1 & ! regul>ity & despat* ) :i* x is conduct$4 ,we are enabl$ by ! c\rtesy ( ! ,g5]al ,manag]s ( ! ,london railways to br+ toge!r ! foll[+ brief summ>y ( facts relat+ to ! food supply ( ,london1 :i* w probably be reg>d$ by mo/ read]s z ( a v rem>kable "*4 ,g5]ally speak+1 ! railways to ! s\? ( ! ,?ames contribute comp>atively little t[>ds ! fe$+ ( ,london4 ,!y are1 = ! mo/ "p pass5g] & resid5tial l9es1 trav]s+ a limit$ & n v f]tile di/rict b\nd$ by ! sea-coa/2 &1 except+ 9 fruit & vegetables1 milk & hops1 !y probably c>ry m food f ,london ?an !y br+ to x4 ,! pr9cipal supplies ( gra91 fl\r1 potatoes1 & fi%1 are br\ght by railway f ! ea/]n c\nties ( ,engl& & ,scotl&2 & ( cattle & %eep1 beef & mutton1 f ! graz+ c\nties ( ! we/ & nor?-we/ ( ,brita91 z f> z ! ,highl&s ( ,scotl&1 :i* h1 ?r\gh ! in/rum5tality ( railways1 become "p ( ! great graz+ gr\nds ( ! metropolis4 ,take fir/ ! /aff ( life--bread & its con/itu5ts4 ,( :eat1 n less ?an #bbb1jhj qu>t]s 7 br\ght into ,london by railway 9 #ahfg1 besides :at 0 br\ght by sea2 ( oats #aea1geg qu>t]s2 ( b>ley #gj1bhb qu>t]s2 ( beans & peas #ea1ddh qu>t]s4 ,( ! :eat & b>ley1 by f> ! l>ge/ proportion is br\ght by ! ,great ,ea/]n ,railway1 :i* deliv]s 9 ,london 9 "o ye> #aee1jjj qu>t]s ( :eat & #de1ejj qu>t]s ( b>ley1 besides #fjj1dbi qu>t]s m 9 ! =m ( malt4 ,! l>ge/ quantity ( oats is br\ght by ! ,great ,nor!rn ,railway1 pr9cipally f ! nor? ( ,engl& & ! ,ea/ ( ,scotl&1--! quantity deliv]$ by t ,company 9 #ahfg hav+ be5 #ig1ejj qu>t]s1 besides #bd1ffd qu>t]s ( :eat1 #eefj qu>t]s ( b>ley1 & #ajc1iag qu>t]s ( malt4 ,aga91 ( #a1bej1eff sacks ( fl\r & meal deliv]$ 9 ,london 9 "o ye>1 ! ,great ,ea/]n br+s #fed1jjj sacks1 ! ,great ,nor!rn #bcb1jbb sacks1 & ! ,great ,we/]n #acf1cab sacks2 ! pr9cipal contribution ( ! ,london & ,nor?-,we/]n ,railway t[>ds ! ,london bread-/ores be+ #ajj1gfj boxes ( ,am]ican fl\r1 besides #bd1cjj sacks ( ,engli%4 ,! total quantity ( malt deliv]$ at ! ,london railway /ations 9 #ahfg 0 ?irte5 hundr$ ?\s& sacks4 ,next1 z to fle% meat4 ,9 #ahfg1 n few] ?an #agb1cjj head ( cattle 7 br\ght to ,london by railway1--?\gh ?is 0 consid]ably less ?an ! numb] c>ri$ be=e ! cattle-plague1 ! ,great ,ea/]n ,railway alone hav+ c>ri$ #dd1fgb less ?an 9 #ahfd4 ,b ?is loss has s9ce be5 m ?an made up by ! increas$ quantities ( fre% beef1 mutton1 & o!r k9ds ( meat import$ 9 lieu ( ! live animals4 ,! pr9cipal supplies ( cattle are br\ght1 z we h said1 by ! ,we/]n1 ,nor!rn1 & ,ea/]n l9es3 by ! ,great ,we/]n f ! we/]n c\nties & ,irel&2 by ! ,london & ,nor?-,we/]n1 ! ,midl&1 & ! ,great ,nor!rn f ! nor!rn c\nties & f ,scotl&2 & by ! ,great ,ea/]n f ! ea/]n c\nties & f ! ports ( ,h>wi* & ,l[e/(t4 ,9 #ahfg1 also1 #a1adg1fji %eep 7 br\ght to ,london by railway1 ( :i* ! ,great ,ea/]n deliv]$ n less ?an #bfe1cga head4 ,! ,london & ,nor?-,we/]n & ,great ,nor!rn betwe5 !m br\ght #cij1jjj head f ! nor!rn ,engli% c\nties1 ) a l>ge proportion f ! ,scot* ,highl&s4 ,:ile ! ,great ,we/]n br\ght up #acj1jjj head f ! ,wel% m\nta9s & f ! ri* graz+ di/ricts ( ,wilts1 ,gl\ce/]1 ,som]set1 & ,devon4 ,ano!r important freight ( ! ,london & ,nor?-,we/]n ,railway consi/s ( pigs1 ( :i* !y deliv]$ #ed1gjj 9 ,london1 pr9cipally ,iri%2 :ile ! ,great ,ea/]n br\ght up #bg1ejj ( ! same animal1 p>tly =eign4 ,:ile ! cattle-plague _h ! effect ( greatly r$uc+ ! numb] ( live /ock br\ght into ,london ye>ly1 x gave a consid]able impetus to ! ,fre% ,meat traffic4 ,?us1 9 addition to ! above l>ge numb]s ( cattle & %eep deliv]$ 9 ,london 9 #ahfg1 ! railways br\ght #gf1age tons ( meat1 :i*--tak+ ! meat ( an av]age bea/ at #hjj lbs41 & ( an av]age %eep at #fd lbs4--w\ld be equival5t to ab\t #aab1jjj m cattle1 & #a1bfg1ejj m %eep4 ,! ,great ,nor!rn br\ght ! l>ge/ quantity2 next ! ,london & ,nor?-,we/]n2--^! two ,companies hav+ br\ght up betwe5 !m1 f di/ances z remote z ,ab]de5 & ,inv]ness1 ab\t #db1jjj tons ( fre% meat 9 #ahfg1 at an av]age freight ( ab\t #j4e;d4 a lb4 ,aga9 z reg>ds ,fi%1 ( :i* six-t5?s ( ! :ole quantity consum$ 9 ,london is n[ br\ght by rail4 ,! ,great ,ea/]n & ! ,great ,nor!rn are by f> ! l>ge/ import]s ( ?is article1 & ju/ify _! claim to be reg>d$ z ! great food l9es ( ,london4 ,( ! #fa1ceh tons ( fi% br\ght by railway 9 #ahfg1 n less ?an #bd1ejj tons 7 deliv]$ by ! =m]1 & #bb1jjj tons1 br\ght f mu* long] di/ances1 by ! latt] ,company4 ,! ,london & ,nor?-,we/]n br\ght ab\t #fjjj tons1 ! pr9cipal "p ( :i* 0 salmon f ,scotl& & ,irel&4 ,! ,great ,we/]n also br\ght ab\t #djjj tons1 p>tly salmon1 b ! great] "p mack]el f ! s\?-we/ coa/4 ,dur+ ! mack]el season1 z mu* z a hundr$ tons at a "t are br\ght into ! ,padd+ton ,/ation by express fi%-tra9 f ,cornwall4 ,! ,great ,ea/]n & ,great ,nor!rn ,companies are also ! pr9cipal c>ri]s ( turkeys1 geese1 f[ls1 & game2 ! quantity deliv]$ 9 ,london by ! =m] ,company hav+ be5 #ejdb tons4 ,9 ,*ri/mas week no few] ?an #cj1jjj turkeys & geese 7 deliv]$ at ! ,bi%opsgate ,/ation1 besides ab\t #cjj tons ( p\ltry1 #aj1jjj b>rels ( be]1 & imm5se quantities ( fi%1 oy/]s1 & o!r k9ds ( food4 ,z mu* z #afjj tons ( p\ltry & game 7 br\ght la/ ye> by ! ,s\?-,we/]n ,railway2 #fjj tons by ! ,great ,nor!rn ,railway2 & #acj tons ( turkeys1 geese1 & f[ls1 by ! ,london1 ,*a?am & ,dov] l9e1 pr9cipally f ,france4 ,( miscellane\s articles1 ! ,great ,nor!rn & ! ,midl& ea* br\ght ab\t #cjjj tons ( *eese1 ! ,s\?-,we/]n #bfjj tons1 & ! ,london & ,nor?-,we/]n #aj1jcd *eeses 9 numb]2 :ile ! ,s\?-,we/]n & ,brighton l9es br\ght a spl5did contribution to ! ,london breakfa/-table 9 ! %ape ( #aa1bei tons ( ,fr5* eggs2 ^! two ,companies deliv]+ betwe5 !m an av]age ( m ?an ?ree millions ( eggs a week all ! ye> r\nd6 ,! same ,companies deliv]$ 9 ,london #ad1hai tons ( butt]1 = ! mo/ "p ! produce ( ! f>ms ( ,norm&y1--! great] cleanness & neatness ) :i* ! ,norm&y butt] is prep>$ = m>ket r5d]+ x a fav\rite bo? ) deal]s & consum]s ( late ye>s comp>$ ) ,iri% butt]4 ,! ,london1 ,*a?am & ,dov] ,company also br\ght f ,calais #if tons ( eggs4 ,next1 z to ! potatoes1 vegetables1 & fruit1 br\ght by rail4 ,=ty ye>s s9ce1 ! inhabitants ( ,london reli$ = _! supply ( vegetables on ! g>d5-gr\nds 9 ! imm$iate neighb\rhood ( ! metropolis1 & ! consequ5ce 0 t !y 7 bo? v de> & limit$ 9 quantity4 ,b railways1 :ile !y h ext5d$ ! graz+-gr\nds ( ,london z f> z ! ,highl&s1 h at ! same "t ext5d$ ! g>d5-gr\nds ( ,london into all ! adjo9+ c\nties--into ,ea/ ,k5t1 ,essex1 ,suffolk1 & ,norfolk1 ! vale ( ,gl\ce/]1 & ev5 z f> z ,p5zance 9 ,cornwall4 ,! ,london1 ,*a?am & ,dov]1 "o ( ! y\nge/ ( our ma9 l9es1 br\ght up f ,ea/ ,k5t 9 #ahfg #ebgi tons ( potatoes1 #ajdf tons ( vegetables1 & #echf tons ( fruit1 besides #edb tons ( vegetables f ,france4 ,! ,s\?-,ea/]n br\ght #be1afc tons ( ! same produce4 ,! ,great ,ea/]n br\ght f ! ea/]n c\nties #ba1cae tons ( potatoes1 & #ceif tons ( vegetables & fruit2 :ile ! ,great ,nor!rn br\ght no less ?an #gh1eje tons ( potatoes--a l>ge "p ( !m f ! ea/ ( ,scotl&--& #cgfh tons ( vegetables & fruit4 ,ab\t #fjjj tons ( e>ly potatoes 7 br\ght f ,cornwall1 ) ab\t #ejjj tons ( broccoli1 & ! quantities are /eadily increas+4 ,truly ,london ha? a l>ge belly1 said old ,full]1 two hundr$ ye>s s9ce4 ,b h[ mu* m capaci\s is x n[6 ,"o ( ! mo/ /rik+ illu/rations ( ! utility ( railways 9 contribut+ to ! supply ( :olesome articles ( food to ! population ( l>ge cities1 is to be f\nd 9 ! rapid gr[? ( ! traffic 9 ,milk4 ,read]s ( newspap]s may rememb] ! descriptions publi%$ "s ye>s s9ce ( ! horrid d5s 9 :i* ,london c[s 7 p5n$1 & ( ! odi\s comp\nd sold by ! "n ( milk1 ( :i* ! lea/ delet]i\s +r$i5t 9 x 0 suppli$ by ! c[ ) ! iron tail4 ,t /ate ( affairs is n[ completely *ang$4 ,:at ) ! greatly improv$ /ate ( ! ,london dairies & ! bett] quality ( ! milk suppli$ by !m1 toge!r ) ! l>ge quantities br\ght by railway f a range ( a hundr$ miles & m all r\nd ,london1 ev5 ! poore/ classes 9 ! metropolis are n[ enabl$ to obta9 z :olesome a supply ( ! article z ! inhabitants ( mo/ c\ntry t[ns4 ,^! great /reams ( food1 :i* we h ?us s summ>ily describ$1 fl[ into ,london s cont9u\sly & un9t]rupt$ly1 t comp>atively few p]sons are aw>e ( ! magnitude & importance ( ! process ?us daily go+ =w>d4 ,?\gh ga!r$ f an imm5se ext5t ( c\ntry--embrac+ ,engl&1 ,scotl&1 ,wales1 & ,irel&--! influx is s un9t]mitt$ t x is reli$ ^u ) z mu* c]ta9ty z if x only came f ! c\nties imm$iately adjo9+ ,london4 ,! express meat-tra9 f ,ab]de5 arrives 9 t[n z punctually z ! ,clapham omnibus1 & ! express milk-tra9 f ,aylesbury is z regul> 9 its deliv]y z ! p5ny po/4 ,inde$ ,london n[ dep5ds s mu* ^u railways = its subsi/5ce1 t x may be said to be f$ by !m f day to day1 hav+ nev] m ?an a few days' food 9 /ock4 ,& ! supply is s regul> & cont9u\s1 t ! possibility ( its be+ int]rupt$ nev] = a mom5t occurs to any "o4 ,yet 9 ^! days ( /rikes among/ workm51 su* a cont+5cy is q )9 ! limits ( possibility4 ,ano!r cont+5cy1 :i* might arise dur+ a /ate ( w>1 is probably /ill m remote4 ,b 7 x possible = a w> to occur betwe5 ,engl& & a comb9ation ( =eign p[]s possess$ ( /rong] ironclads ?an ours1 & t !y 7 able to ram our %ips back into port & l& an enemy ( ov]p[]+ =ce on ! ,essex coa/1 x w\ld be suffici5t = !m to occupy or cut ! railways lead+ f ! nor?1 to />ve ,london into submission 9 less ?an a =tnight4 ,besides supply+ ,london ) food1 railways h also be5 in/rum5tal 9 ensur+ ! m regul> & economical supply ( fuel1--a matt] ( almo/ z vital importance to ! population 9 a climate su* z t ( ,engl&4 ,s long z ! m>ket 0 suppli$ ) coal br\ght by sea 9 sail+ %ips1 fuel 9 w9t] (t5 rose to a fam9e price1 especially dur+ long-cont9u$ ea/]ly w9ds4 ,b n[ t railways are 9 full "w1 ! price is almo/ z /eady 9 w9t] z 9 summ]1 & 7b = /rikes7 ! supply is m regul> at all seasons4 ,b ! c>riage ( food & fuel to ,london =ms b a small "p ( ! m]*&ise traffic c>ri$ by railway4 ,above #fjj1jjj tons ( goods ( v>i\s k9ds ye>ly pass ?r\gh "o /ation only1 t ( ! ,london & ,nor?-,we/]n ,company1 at ,camd5 ,t[n2 & sometimes z _m z #bj1jjj p>cels daily4 ,e o!r metropolitan /ation is simil>ly alive ) traffic inw>ds & outw>ds1 ,london hav+ s9ce ! introduction ( railways become m ?an ev] a great di/ributive c5tre1 to :i* m]*&ise ( all k9ds conv]ges1 & f :i* x is di/ribut$ to all p>ts ( ! c\ntry4 ,mr4 ,bazley1 ,m4,p41 /at$ at a late public meet+ at ,man*e/]1 t x w\ld probably require t5 millions ( horses to convey by road ! m]*&ise traffic :i* is n[ annually c>ri$ by railway4 ,railways h also prov$ ( great value 9 connection ) ! ,*eap ,po/age sy/em4 ,by _! means x has become possible to c>ry lett]s1 newspap]s1 books & po/ p>cels1 9 any quantity1 exp$iti\sly1 & *eaply4 ,! ,liv]pool & ,man*e/] l9e 0 no soon] op5$ 9 #ahcj1 ?an ! ,po/ ,(fice au?orities recognis$ its utility1 & us$ x = c>ry+ ! mails betwe5 ! two t[ns4 ,:5 ! ,london & ,birm+ham l9e 0 op5$ eight ye>s lat]1 mail tra9s 7 at once put on1--! directors und]tak+ to p]=m ! di/ance ( #aac miles )9 #e h\rs by day & #e4e h\rs by night4 ,z additional l9es 7 op5$1 ! old f\r-horse mail coa*es 7 gradually discont9u$1 until 9 #aheh1 ! la/ ( !m1 ! ,d]by ,dilly1 :i* ran betwe5 ,man*e/] & ,d]by1 0 tak5 (f on ! op5+ ( ! ,midl& l9e to ,r[sley4 ,! increas$ accommodation provid$ by railways 0 f\nd ( ess5tial importance1 m p>ticul>ly aft] ! adoption ( ! ,*eap ,po/age sy/em2 & t su* accommodation 0 ne$$ w be obvi\s f ! extraord9>y increase :i* has tak5 place 9 ! numb] ( lett]s & packets s5t by po/4 ,?us1 9 #ahci1 ! numb] ( *>geable lett]s c>ri$ 0 only #gf millions1 & ( newspap]s #dd4e millions2 :]eas1 9 #ahfe1 ! numb]s ( lett]s _h increas$ to #gbj millions1 & 9 #ahfg to #gge millions1 or m ?an t5-fold1 :ile ! numb] ( newspap]s1 books1 samples & patt]ns 7a new bran* ( po/al bus9ess began 9 #ahfd7 _h increas$1 9 #ahfe1 to #ih4e millions4 ,to accommodate ?is l>gely-increas+ traffic1 ! bulk ( :i* is c>ri$ by railway1 ! mileage run by mail tra9s 9 ! ,unit$ ,k+dom has increas$ f #be1jjj miles a day 9 #ahed 7! fir/ ye> ( :i* we h any return ( ! mileage run7 to #fj1jjj miles a day 9 #ahfg1 or an increase ( #bdj p] c5t4 ,! ,po/ ,(fice exp5diture on railway s]vice has also increas$1 b n 9 l proportion1 hav+ be5 #cfd1jjj p\nds 9 ! =m] ye>1 & #eei1ege p\nds 9 ! latt]1 or an increase ( #aed p] c5t4 ,! rev5ue1 gross & net1 has increas$ /ill m rapidly4 ,9 #ahda1 ! fir/ complete ye> ( ! ,*eap ,po/age sy/em1 ! gross rev5ue 0 #a1cei1dff p\nds & ! net rev5ue #ejj1ghi p\nds2 9 #ahed1 ! gross rev5ue 0 #b1egd1djg p\nds1 & ! net rev5ue #a1agc1gbc p\nds2 & 9 #ahfg1 ! gross rev5ue 0 #d1edh1abi p\nds1 & ! net rev5ue #b1abg1abe p\nds1 be+ an increase ( #dbj p] c5t4 comp>$ ) #ahda1 & ( #ahj p] c5t4 comp>$ ) #ahed4 ,h[ mu* ( ?is net increase might fairly be cr$it$ to ! ,railway ,po/al s]vice we %all n pret5d to say2 b assur$ly ! proportion mu/ be v consid]able4 ,"o ( ! great advantages ( railways 9 connection ) ! po/al s]vice is ! greatly increas$ frequ5cy ( communication :i* !y provide betwe5 all ! l>ge t[ns4 ,?us ,liv]pool has n[ six deliv]ies ( ,man*e/] lett]s daily2 :ile e l>ge t[n 9 ! k+dom has two or m deliv]ies ( ,london lett]s daily4 ,9 #ahfc1 #cic t[ns _h two mails daily f ,london2 #ej _h ?ree mails daily2 #g _h f\r mails a day f ,london1 & #ae _h f\r mails a day to ,london2 :ile #c t[ns _h five mails a day f ,london1 & #f _h five mails a day to ,london4 ,ano!r feature ( ! railway mail tra91 z ( ! pass5g] tra91 is its capacity to c>ry any quantity ( lett]s & po/ p>cels t may require to be c>ri$4 ,9 #ahch1 ! aggregate weight ( all ! ev5+ mails despat*$ f ,london by tw5ty-eight mail coa*es 0 #d tons #f cwt41 or an av]age ( ab\t #c4be cwt4 ea*1 ?\gh ! maximum contract weight 0 #ae cwt4 ,! mails n[ are necess>ily mu* heavi]1 ! numb] ( lett]s & packets hav+1 z we h se51 increas$ m ?an t5-fold s9ce #ahci4 ,b x is n ! ord9>y s mu* z ! extraord9>y mails t are ( consid]able weight1--m p>ticul>ly ! ,am]ican1 ! ,cont95tal1 & ! ,au/ralian mails4 ,x is no unusual ?+1 we are in=m$1 = ! la/-m5tion$ mail to weigh z mu* z #dj tons4 ,h[ _m ( ! old mail coa*es x w\ld take to c>ry su* a mail ! #gi miles j\rney to ,s\?ampton1 ) a relay ( f\r horses e five or sev5 miles1 is a problem = ! ari?metician to solve4 ,b ev5 suppos+ ea* coa* to be load$ to ! maximum weight ( #ae cwt4 p] coa*1 x w\ld require ab\t sixty vehicles & ab\t #agjj horses to c>ry ! #dj tons1 besides ! coa*man & gu>ds4 ,:atev] may be said ( ! f9ancial managem5t ( railways1 !re c be no d\bt z to ! great b5efits conf]r$ by !m on ! public :]ev] made4 ,ev5 ^? railways :i* h exhibit$ ! mo/ frightful examples ( f9anc+ & jobb+1 h be5 f\nd to prove ( unque/ionable public conv5i5ce & utility4 ,& not)/&+ all ! faults & imp]fections t h be5 alleg$ aga9/ railways1 we ?9k t !y mu/1 nev]!less1 be recognis$ z by f> ! mo/ valuable means ( communication betwe5 m5 & nations t has yet be5 giv5 to ! _w4 ,! au?or's object 9 publi%+ ?is book 9 its orig9al =m1 0 to describe1 9 connection ) ! ',life ( ,george ,/eph5son1' ! orig9 & progress ( ! railway sy/em1--to %[ by :at moral & mat]ial ag5cies its f\nd]s 7 enabl$ to c>ry _! ideas into effect1 & "w out results :i* ev5 !n 7 ( a rem>kable "*1 ?\gh !y h s9ce1 z above describ$1 become s mu* m extraord9>y4 ,! fav\r ) :i* successive editions ( ! book h be5 receiv$1 has ju/ifi$ ! au?or 9 8 anticipation t su* a n>rative w\ld prove ( g5]al1 if n ( p]man5t int]e/4 ,! book 0 writt5 ) ! concurr5ce & assi/ance ( ,rob]t ,/eph5son1 :o also suppli$ ! necess>y p>ticul>s relat+ to himself4 ,su* portions ( ^! 7 accord+ly embodi$ 9 ! n>rative z c\ld ) propriety be publi%$ dur+ 8 lifetime1 & ! rema9+ portions h s9ce be5 add$1 ) ! object ( r5d]+ m complete ! record ( ! son's life z well z ( ! e>ly hi/ory ( ! ,railway sy/em4 ,,cont5ts ,,*apt] ,i4 ,,newca/le ,,& ,,! ,,great ,,nor!rn ,,coal-,,fields4 ,! colli]y di/ricts ( ! ,pages #a-aa ,nor?--,newca/le-^u-,tyne 9 anci5t times--,! ,roman settlem5t--,social insecurity 9 ! ,middle ,ages--,nor?umb]l& roads--,! coal-trade--,mod]n ,newca/le--,coal haulage--,e>ly waggon-roads1 tram-roads1 & railways--,ma*9]y ( coal-m9es--,newcom5's fire-eng9e--,! colli]s1 _! "* & habits--,coal-/ai?s--,! keelm5 ,,*apt] ,,ii4 ,,wylam ,,& ,,dewley ,,burn--,,george ,,/eph5son',s ,,e>ly ,,ye>s4 ,wylam ,colli]y & village--,george ,/eph5son's #ab-cj bir?-place--,8 p>5ts--,! ,/eph5son family--,old ,rob]t ,/eph5son--,george's boyhood--,dewley ,burn ,colli]y--,si/] ,nell's bonnet--,employ$ z a h]d-boy--,makes clay eng9es--,foll[s ! pl\gh--,employ$ z corf-bitt]--,drives ! g9-horse--,black ,call]ton ,colli]y--,love ( animals--,made assi/ant-fireman--,old ,rob]t & family %ift _! home--,jolly's ,close1 ,newburn--,family e>n+s--,george z fireman--,8 a?letic feats--,?rockley ,bridge--,a made man = life6--,appo9t$ eng9eman--,/udies 8 eng9e--,exp]im5ts 9 egg-hat*+--,puts himself to s*ool1 & le>ns to read--,8 s*oolma/]s--,progress 9 ari?metic--,8 dog--,le>ns to brake--,brakesman at ,black ,call]ton--,duties ( brakesman--,beg9s %oe-mak+--,fanny ,h5d]son--,saves 8 fir/ gu9ea--,fight ) a pitman ,,*apt] ,,iii4 ,,eng9eman ,,at ,,will+ton ,,quay ,,& ,,kill+wor?4 ,sobriety & /udi\sness--,inv5tiv5ess--,removes to #ca-df ,will+ton ,quay--,m>ries ,fanny ,h5d]son--,_! cottage at ,will+ton--,attempts at p]petual motion--,william ,fairbairn & ,george ,/eph5son--,balla/-heav+--,*imney on fire1 & clock-clean+--,bir? ( ,rob]t ,/eph5son--,george removes to ,we/ ,moor1 ,kill+wor?--,dea? ( 8 wife--,eng9eman at ,montrose1 ,scotl&--,8 pump-boot--,saves money--,8 return to ,kill+wor?--,brakesman at ,we/ ,moor--,is drawn = ! ,militia--,?9ks ( emigrat+ to ,am]ica--,takes a contract = brake+ eng9es--,improves ! w9d+-eng9e--,cures a pump+-eng9e--,becomes fam\s z an eng9e-doctor--,appo9t$ eng9e-wright ( a colli]y ,,*apt] ,,iv4 ,,! ,,/eph5sons ,,at ,,kill+wor?--,,education ,,& ,,self-,,education ,,( ,,fa!r ,,& ,,son4 ,george ,/eph5son's self-improvem5t--,john #dg-fb ,wigham--,/udies 9 ,natural ,philosophy--,sobriety--,education ( ,rob]t ,/eph5son--,s5t to ,rutt]'s s*ool1 ,b5ton--,bruce's s*ool1 ,newca/le--,lit]>y & ,philosophical ,in/itute--,george educates 8 son 9 ,me*anics--,ride to ,kill+wor?--,rob]t's boyi% tricks--,repeats ! ,frankl9 kite-exp]im5t--,/eph5son's cottage1 ,we/ ,moor--,odd me*anical exp$i5ts--,competition 9 la/-mak+--,fa!r & son make a sun-dial--,colli]y improvem5ts--,/eph5son's me*anical exp]tness ,,*apt] ,v4 ,,e>ly ,,hi/ory ,,( ,,! ,,locomotive--,,george ,,/eph5son ,,beg9s ,,its ,,improvem5t4 ,v>i\s exp$i5ts = #fc-hh coal-haulage--,sail+-waggons--,mr4 ,edgwor?'s exp]im5ts--,cugnot's fir/ locomotive /eam-c>riage--,murdock's model locomotive--,trevi?ick's /eam-c>riage & tram-eng9e--,bl5k9sop's eng9e--,*apman & ,brunton's locomotives--,! ,wylam waggon-way--,mr4 ,blackett's exp]im5ts--,jona?an ,fo/]--,william ,h$ley--,! ,wylam eng9e--,/eph5son det]m9es to build a locomotive--,"l ,rav5swor?--,! fir/ ,kill+wor? eng9e describ$--,! /eam-bla/ inv5t$--,/eph5son's second locomotive ,,*apt] ,,vi4 ,,inv5tion ,,( ,,! ,,geordy ,,safety-,,lamp4 ,frequ5cy ( colli]y explosions--,accid5t 9 ! #hi-ajh ,kill+wor? ,pit--,/eph5son's h]oic conduct--,a safety-lamp describ$--,dr4 ,clanny's lamp--,/eph5son's exp]im5ts on fire-damp--,designs a lamp1 & te/s x 9 ! pit--,cottage exp]im5ts ) coal-gas--,/eph5son's second & ?ird lamps--,! ,/eph5son & ,davy controv]sy--,sc5e at ! ,newca/le ,in/itute--,! ,davy te/imonial--,! ,/eph5son te/imonial--,m]its ( ! ,geordy lamp ,,*apt] ,,vii4 ,,george ,,/eph5son',s ,,fur!r ,,improvem5ts ,,9 ,,! ,,locomotive--,,! ,,hetton ,,railway--,,rob]t ,,/eph5son ,,z ,,view]',s ,,appr5tice ,,& ,,/ud5t4 ,! ,kill+wor? m9e ma*9]y--,/eph5son improves #aji-abb 8 locomotive--,/r5g!ns ! road--,8 pat5t--,8 /eam-spr+s--,exp]im5ts on friction--,/eam-locomotion on common roads--,e>ly neglect ( ! locomotive--,/eph5son aga9 ?9ks ( emigration--,con/ructs ! ,hetton ,railway--,! work+ p[] employ$--,rob]t ,/eph5son view]'s appr5tice--,8 pursuits at ,kill+wor?--,8 fa!r s5ds him to ,ed9burgh ,univ]sity--,8 application to ! /udies ( ,*emi/ry1 ,natural ,hi/ory1 & ,natural ,philosophy--,8 ,,ms4 volumes ( ,lectures--,geological t\r ) ,pr(essor ,jameson 9 ! ,highl&s ,,*apt] ,,viii4 ,,george ,,/eph5son ,,eng9e] ,,( ,,! ,,/ockton ,,& ,,d>l+ton ,,railway4 ,! ,bi%op ,auckl& ,coal-field--,edw>d ,pease #abc-ade projects a railway f ,witton to ,/ockton--,! ,bill reject$--,! l9e re-survey$1 & ! ,act obta9$--,george ,/eph5son's visit to ,edw>d ,pease--,appo9t$ eng9e] ( ! railway--,aga9 surveys ! l9e--,mr4 ,pease visits ,kill+wor?--,! ,newca/le locomotive works project$--,! railway con/ruct$--,locomotives ord]$--,/eph5son's anticipations z to railways--,public op5+ ( ! l9e--,! coal traffic--,! fir/ railway pass5g]-coa*--,! coa*+ traffic describ$--,! ,locomotion eng9e--,race ) /age-coa*--,comm]cial results ( ! ,/ockton & ,d>l+ton ,railway--,! t[n ( ,middlesbor\gh creat$ ,,*apt] ,,ix4 ,,! ,,liv]pool ,,& ,,man*e/] ,,railway ,,project$4 ,insuffici5t communications betwe5 ,man*e/] & #adf-agb ,liv]pool--,! canal monopoly--,a tramroad project$--,joseph ,s&]s--,sir ,r4 ,phillip's speculations z to railways--,?omas ,gray--,william ,james surveys a l9e betwe5 ,liv]pool & ,man*e/]--,opposition to ! survey--,mr4 ,james's visits to ,kill+wor?--,rob]t ,/eph5son assi/s 9 ! survey--,george ,/eph5son appo9t$ eng9e]--,! fir/ prospectus--,/eph5son's survey oppos$--,! canal companies--,speculations z to railway spe$--,/eph5son's notions ?\ght extravagant--,article 9 ! ',qu>t]ly'--,! ,bill be=e ,p>liam5t--,! ,evid5ce--,george ,/eph5son 9 ! witness box--,exam9$ z to spe$--,8 cross-exam9ation--,! survey f\nd defective--,mr4 ,h>rison's spee*--,evid5ce ( oppos+ eng9e]s--,mr4 ,ald]son's spee*--,! ,bill )drawn--,/eph5son's vexation--,! s*eme prosecut$--,! l9e re-survey$--,sir ,isaac ,c(f9's spee*--,! ,act pass$ ,,*apt] ,x4 ,,*at ,,moss--,,con/ruction ,,( ,,! ,,liv]pool ,,& ,,man*e/] ,,railway4 ,george ,/eph5son appo9t$ eng9e]--,*at ,moss #agc-aib describ$--,! resid5t eng9e]s--,mr4 ,dixon's visit ( inspection--,/eph5son's !ory ( a float+ road--,op]ations begun--,t>-b>rel dra9s--,! embankm5t s9ks 9 ! ,moss--,propos$ ab&onm5t ( ! "w--,/eph5son p]sev]es--,! ob/acles conqu]$--,road across ,p>r ,moss--,! road =m$--,/eph5son's organization ( lab\r--,! ,liv]pool ,tunnel--,olive ,m\nt ,cutt+--,sankey ,viaduct--,/eph5son & ,cropp]--,/eph5son's lab\rs--,pupils & assi/ants--,8 daily life--,practical education--,ev5+s at home ,,*apt] ,,xi4 ,,rob]t ,,/eph5son',s ,,resid5ce ,,9 ,,colombia ,,& ,,return--,,! ,,battle ,,( ,,! ,,locomotive--,,! ,,rocket4 ,rob]t ,/eph5son m9+ eng9e] 9 ,colombia--,mule #aic-bbj j\rney to ,bogota--,m>iquita--,silv] m9+--,difficulties ) ! ,corni%m5--,8 cottage at ,santa ,anna--,longs to return home--,resigns 8 po/--,meet+ ) ,trevi?ick--,voyage to ,new ,york1 & %ipwreck--,returns to ,newca/le1 & takes *>ge ( ! factory--,! work+ p[] ( ! ,liv]pool & ,man*e/] ,railway--,fix$ eng9es & locomotives1 & _! respective advocates--,walk] & ,ra/rick's report--,a prize (f]$ = ! be/ locomotive--,conf]5ces ( ! ,/eph5sons--,boil] arrangem5ts & heat+ surface--,mr4 ,boo?'s contrivance--,build+ ( ! ,rocket--,! competition ( eng9es at ,ra9hill--,! ,novelty & ,sansp>eil--,triumph ( ! ,rocket1 & its de/9ation ,,*apt] ,,xii4 ,,op5+ ,,( ,,! ,,liv]pool ,,& ,,man*e/] ,,railway1 ,,& ,,ext5sion ,,( ,,! ,,railway ,,sy/em4 ,! railway f9i%$--,! traffic arrangem5ts #bba-bcf organiz$--,public op5+ ( ! l9e--,accid5t to ,mr4 ,huskisson--,arrival ( ! tra9s at ,man*e/]--,! traffic results--,improvem5t ( ! road & roll+ /ock--,improvem5ts 9 ! locomotive--,! railway a wond]--,ext5sion ( ! railway sy/em--,jo9t-/ock railway companies--,new l9es project$--,new eng9e]s--,! ,gr& ,junction--,public opposition to railways--,rob]t ,/eph5son eng9e] to ! ,leice/] & ,swann+ton ,railway--,george ,/eph5son removes to ,snib/on--,s9ks = & gets coal--,/imulates local ent]prise--,8 lib]ality ,,*apt] ,,xiii4 ,,rob]t ,,/eph5son ,,con/ructs ,,! ,,london ,,& ,,birm+ham ,,railway4 ,! l9e project$--,george & ,rob]t ,/eph5son #bcg-beb appo9t$ eng9e]s--,opposition--,ho/ile pamphlets & public meet+s--,rob]t ,/eph5son & ,sir ,a/ley ,coop]--,! survey ob/ruct$--,! oppos+ cl]gyman--,! ,bill 9 ,p>liam5t--,?r[n out 9 ! ,lords--,proprietors conciliat$1 & ! ,act obta9$--,! works let 9 contracts--,! difficulties ( ! und]tak+--,! l9e describ$--,bliswor? ,cutt+--,primrose ,hill ,tunnel--,kilsby ,tunnel--,its con/ruction describ$--,co/ ( ! ,railway greatly increas$--,failure ( contractors--,magnitude ( ! works--,railway navvies ,,*apt] ,,xiv4 ,,man*e/] ,,& ,,le$s1 ,,& ,,midl& ,,railways--,,/eph5son',s ,,life ,,at ,,alton--,,visit ,,to ,,belgium--,,g5]al ,,ext5sion ,,( ,,railways ,,& ,,_! ,,results4 ,projection ( new l9es--,dutton ,viaduct1 ,gr& #bec-bgd ,junction--,! ,man*e/] & ,le$s--,summit ,tunnel1 ,littlebor\gh--,magnitude ( ! "w--,! ,midl& ,railway--,! works comp>$ ) ! ,simplon road--,slip ne> ,amb]gate--,bull ,bridge--,! ,york & ,nor? ,midl&--,george ,/eph5son on 8 surveys--,8 quick obs]vation--,travell+ & correspond5ce--,life at ,alton ,grange--,! ,/eph5sons' ,london (fice--,visits to ,belgium--,int]views ) ! ,k+--,public op5+s ( ,engli% railways--,/eph5son's pupils & assi/ants--,prophecies falsifi$ conc]n+ railways--,_! advantage\s results ,,*apt] ,,xv4 ,,george ,,/eph5son',s ,,coal ,,m9es--,,! ,,atmosph]ic ,,sy/em--,,railway ,,mania--,,visits ,,to ,,belgium ,,& ,,spa94 ,george ,/eph5son on railways & #bge-cjj coal-traffic--,leases ! ,claycross e/ate1 & s9ks = coal--,8 ext5sive lime-works--,removes to ,tapton ,h\se--,briti% ,association at ,newca/le--,appe>s at ,me*anics' ,in/itutes--,spee* at ,le$s--,8 self-act+ brake--,8 views ( railway spe$--,!ory ( undulat+ l9es--,*e/] & ,birk5head ,company--,/eph5son's lib]ality--,atmosph]ic railways project$--,/eph5son opposes ! pr9ciple ( work+--,! railway mania--,/eph5son resi/s1 & w>ns aga9/ x--,george ,hudson1 ,railway ,k+--,p>liam5t & ! mania--,/eph5son's lett] to ,sir ,r4 ,peel--,aga9 visits ,belgium--,int]views ) ,k+ ,leopold--,j\rney into ,spa9 ,,*apt] ,,xvi4 ,,rob]t ,,/eph5son',s ,,c>e]--,,! ,,/eph5sons ,,& ,,brunel--,,ea/ ,,coa/ ,,r\te ,,to ,,scotl&--,,royal ,,bord] ,,bridge1 ,,b]wick--,,high ,,level ,,bridge1 ,,newca/le4 ,george ,/eph5son's retirem5t--,rob]t's employm5t #cja-cai z ,p>liam5t>y ,eng9e]--,8 rival ,brunel--,! ,great ,we/]n ,railway--,! wid? ( gauge--,rob]t ,/eph5son's caution z to inve/m5ts--,! ,newca/le & ,b]wick ,railway--,conte/ 9 ,p>liam5t--,george ,/eph5son's int]view ) ,"l ,h[ick--,royal ,bord] ,bridge1 ,b]wick--,progress ( iron-bridge build+--,rob]t ,/eph5son con/ructs ! ,high ,level ,bridge1 ,newca/le--,pile-driv+ by /eam--,*>act]i/ics ( ! /ructure--,?r\gh railway to ,scotl& complet$ ,,*apt] ,,xvii4 ,,rob]t ,,/eph5son',s ,,tubul> ,,bridges ,,at ,,m5ai ,,& ,,conway4 ,george ,/eph5son surveys a l9e f ,*e/] to #cbj-cdj ,holyhead--,rob]t ,/eph5son's con/ruction ( ! works at ,p5ma5 ,mawr--,cross+ ( ! ,m5ai ,/rait--,v>i\s plans propos$--,a tubul> beam det]m9$ on--,/r5g? ( wr\ght-iron tubes--,mr4 ,william ,fairbairn consult$--,8 exp]im5ts--,! design settl$--,! ,britannia ,bridge describ$--,! ,conway ,bridge--,float+ ( ! tubes--,lift+ ( ! tubes--,rob]t ,/eph5son's anxieties--,bur/+ ( ! ,hydraulic ,press--,! works complet$--,m]its ( ! ,britannia & ,conway ,bridges ,,*apt] ,,xviii4 ,,george ,,/eph5son',s ,,clos+ ,,ye>s--,,illness ,,& ,,dea?4 ,george ,/eph5son's ,life at ,tapton--,exp]im5ts 9 #cda-cef ,horticulture1 ,g>d5+1 & ,f>m+--,affection = animals--,bird-hat*+ & bee-keep+--,read+ & conv]sation--,r5contre ) ,"l ,d5man--,hospitality at ,tapton--,exp]im5ts ) ! microscope--,frolics--,a cr[die night--,visits to ,london--,visit to ,sir ,rob]t ,peel at ,drayton ,manor--,enc\nt] ) ,dr4 ,buckl&--,coal =m$ by ! sun's light--,op5+ ( ! ,tr5t ,valley ,railway--,meet+ ) ,em]son--,illness1 dea?1 & fun]al--,memorial ,/atues ,,*apt] ,,xix4 ,,rob]t ,,/eph5son',s ,,victoria ,,bridge1 ,,l[] ,,canada--,,illness ,,& ,,dea?--,,/eph5son ,,*>act]i/ics4 ,rob]t ,/eph5son's inh]itances--,gradual retirem5t #ceg-chj f ! pr(ession ( eng9e]--,8 la/ great works--,tubul> ,bridges ov] ! ,/4 ,lawr5ce & ! ,nile--,! ,gr& ,trunk ,railway1 ,canada--,necessity = a great railway bridge ne> ,montreal--,discussion z to ! plan--,rob]t ,/eph5son's report--,a tubul> bridge det]m9$ on--,massiv5ess ( ! pi]s--,ice-floods 9 ! ,/4 ,lawr5ce--,victoria ,bridge con/ruct$ & complet$--,tubul> bridges 9 ,egypt--,! ,suez ,canal--,rob]t ,/eph5son's employm5t z arbitrator--,assi/s ,brunel at laun*+ ( ! ,great ,ea/]n--,reg>dlessness ( heal?--,dea? & ,fun]al--,*>act]i/ics ( ! ,/eph5sons & resume ( _! hi/ory--,politics ( fa!r & son--,s]vices r5d]$ to civilization by ! ,/eph5sons ,,index #cha ,,li/ ,,( ,,illu/rations4 ,,page ,portrait ( ,george ,/eph5son to face title page ,high ,level ,bridge1 to face #a ,map ( ,newca/le ,di/rict #b ,flange rail #f ,coal-/ai? on ! ,tyne #aj ,coal waggons #aa ,wylam ,colli]y & village #ab ,high ,/reet ,h\se1 ,wylam--,george ,/eph5son's bir?place #ad ,newburn on ! ,tyne #bj ,colli]y ,:imsey #cj ,/eph5son's ,cottage1 ,will+ton ,quay #ca ,we/ ,moor ,colli]y #cg ,kill+wor? ,high ,pit #df ,glebe ,f>m ,h\se1 ,b5ton #dg ,rutt]'s ,s*ool ,h\se1 ,long ,b5ton #ea ,bruce's ,s*ool1 ,newca/le #ec ,/eph5son's ,cottage1 ,we/ ,moor #eg ,sun-dial at ,kill+wor? #fj ,colli]s' ,cottages at ,long ,b5ton #fb ,cugnot's ,eng9e #fd ,section ( ,murdock's ,model ,locomotive #ff ,trevi?ick's high-pressure ,tram-,eng9e #gj ,improv$ ,wylam ,eng9e #gh ,spur-ge> #hc ,! ,pit-head1 ,we/ ,moor #ia ,davy's & ,/eph5son's ,safety-lamps #aja ,we/ ,moor ,pit1 ,kill+wor? #ajh ,half-lap jo9t #aaa ,old ,kill+wor? ,locomotive #aac ,map ( ,/ockton & ,d>l+ton ,railway #abc ,portrait ( ,edw>d ,pease #abd ,! fir/ ,railway ,coa* #aci ,! ,no4 #a ,eng9e at ,d>l+ton #adb ,middlesbor\gh-on-,tees #ade ,map ( ,liv]pool & ,man*e/] ,railway 7,we/]n ,"p7 #aej 11 7,ea/]n "p7 #aea ,survey+ on ,*at ,moss #agb ,olive ,m\nt ,cutt+ #ahd ,sankey ,viaduct #ahf ,rob]t ,/eph5son's ,cottage at ,santa ,anna #aih ,! ,rocket #bab ,locomotive competition1 ,ra9hill #bae ,railway v]sus ,road #bbj ,map ( ,leice/] & ,swann+ton ,railway #bcc ,/eph5son's ,h\se at ,alton ,grange #bcf ,portrait ( ,rob]t ,/eph5son1 to face #bcg ,map ( ,london & ,birm+ham ,railway 7,rugby to ,wat=d7 #bdb ,bliswor? ,cutt+ #bdc ,%afts ov] ,kilsby ,tunnel #bdf ,dutton ,viaduct #bed ,entrance to ,summit ,tunnel1 ,lanca%ire & ,york%ire #bef ,railway ,l&-slip1 ne> ,amb]gate1 ,nor? ,midl& ,railway #bei ,bullbridge1 ne> ,amb]gate #bfj ,coalville & ,snib/on ,colli]y #bgd ,tapton ,h\se1 ne> ,*e/]field #bge ,lime-works at ,amb]gate #bgh ,newca/le1 f ! ,high ,level ,bridge #cja ,royal ,bord] ,bridge1 ,b]wick-^u-,twe$ #caa ,high ,level ,bridge--,elevation ( "o ,ar* #cah ,p5ma5 ,mawr #cbb ,map ( ,m5ai ,/raits #cbe ,conway ,tubul> ,bridge #ccd ,britannia ,bridge #cci ,conway ,bridge--,float+ ! fir/ ,tube #cdj ,view 9 ,tapton ,g>d5s #cda ,pa?way to ,tapton ,h\se #cdg ,tr9ity ,*ur*1 ,*e/]field #cee ,tablet 9 ,tr9ity ,*ur*1 ,*e/]field #cef ,! ,victoria ,bridge1 ,montreal #ceg ,rob]t ,/eph5son's ,burial-place 9 ,we/m9/] ,abbey #cfi ,! ,/eph5son ,memorial ,s*ools1 ,will+ton ,quay #chj ,picture3 ,newca/le-^u-,tyne & ! ,high-level ,bridge ,,*apt] ,i4 ,,newca/le ,,& ,,! ,,great ,,nor!rn ,,coal-,,field4 ,9 no qu>t] ( ,engl& h great] *anges be5 wr\ght by ! successive advances made 9 ! practical sci5ce ( eng9e]+ ?an 9 ! ext5sive colli]y di/ricts ( ! ,nor?1 ( :i* ,newca/le-^u-,tyne is ! c5tre & ! capital4 ,9 anci5t times ! ,romans plant$ a colony at ,newca/le1 ?r[+ a bridge across ! ,tyne ne> ! site ( ! l[-level bridge %[n 9 ! prefix$ engrav+1 & erect+ a /rong =tification above x on ! high gr\nd n[ occupi$ by ! ,c5tral ,railway ,/ation4 ,nor? & nor?-we/ lay a wild c\ntry1 ab\nd+ 9 moors1 m\nta9s1 & morasses1 b occupi$ to a c]ta9 ext5t by fi]ce & b>b>\s tribes4 ,to def5d ! "y colony aga9/ _! ravages1 a /rong wall 0 built by ! ,romans1 ext5d+ f ,walls5d on ! nor? bank ( ! ,tyne1 a few miles bel[ ,newca/le1 across ! c\ntry to ,burgh-^u-,s&s on ! ,solway ,fir?4 ,! rema9s ( ! wall are /ill to be trac$ 9 ! less popul\s hill-di/ricts ( ,nor?umb]l&4 ,9 ! neighb\rhood ( ,newca/le !y h be5 gradually effac$ by ! works ( succe$+ g5]ations1 ?\gh ! ,walls5d coal consum$ 9 our h\sehold fires /ill s]ves to rem9d u ( ! great ,roman "w4 ,picture3 ,map ( ,newca/le ,di/rict ,aft] ! )drawal ( ! ,romans1 ,nor?umbria became plant$ by immigrant ,saxons f ,nor? ,g]many & ,norsem5 f ,sc&9avia1 ^: ,eorls or ,e>ls made ,newca/le _! pr9cipal seat4 ,!n came ! ,normans1 f ^: ,new ,ca/le1 built "s eight hundr$ ye>s s9ce1 ! t[n d]iv$ its pres5t "n4 ,! keep ( ?is v5]able /ructure1 black ) age & smoke1 /ill /&s entire at ! nor!rn end ( ! noble high-level bridge--! utilit>ian "w ( mod]n times ?us confront+ ! w>like relic ( ! old] civilisation4 ,! ne>ness ( ,newca/le to ! ,scot* ,bord] 0 a great h9drance to its security & progress 9 ! middle ages ( ,engli% hi/ory4 ,inde$1 ! di/rict betwe5 x & ,b]wick cont9u$ to be ravag$ by moss-troop]s long aft] ! union ( ! ,cr[ns4 ,! g5try liv$ 9 _! /rong ,peel ca/les2 ev5 ! l>g] f>m-h\ses 7 =tifi$2 & bloodh\nds 7 tra9$ = ! purpose ( track+ ! cattle-reav]s to _! retreats 9 ! hills4 ,! ,judges ( ,assize rode f ,c>lisle to ,newca/le gu>d$ by an escort arm$ to ! tee?4 ,a tribute call$ dagg] & protection money 0 annually paid by ! ,%]iff ( ,newca/le = ! purpose ( provid+ dagg]s & o!r weapons = ! escort2 &1 ?\gh ! ne$ ( su* protection has long s9ce ceas$1 ! tribute cont9ues to be paid 9 broad gold pieces ( ! "t ( ,*>les ! ,fir/4 ,until ab\t ! middle ( la/ c5tury ! roads across ,nor?umb]l& 7 little bett] ?an horse-tracks1 & n _m ye>s s9ce ! primitive agricultural c>t ) solid wood5 :eels 0 almo/ z common 9 ! we/]n p>ts ( ! c\nty z x is 9 ,spa9 n[4 ,! tract ( ! old ,roman road cont9u$ to be ! mo/ practicable r\te betwe5 ,newca/le & ,c>lisle1 ! traffic betwe5 ! two t[ns hav+ be5 c>ri$ along x ^u packhorses until a comp>atively rec5t p]iod4 ,s9ce t "t great *anges h tak5 place on ! ,tyne4 ,:5 wood = fir+ became sc>ce & de>1 & ! =e/s ( ! ,s\? ( ,engl& 7 f\nd inadequate to supply ! increas+ dem& = fuel1 att5tion 0 turn$ to ! ri* /ores ( coal ly+ und]gr\nd 9 ! neighb\rhood ( ,newca/le & ,durham4 ,x !n became an article ( increas+ export1 & seacoal fires gradually supplant$ ^? ( wood4 ,h5ce an old writ] describ$ ,newca/le z ! ,eye ( ! ,nor?1 & ! ,he>? t w>me? ! ,s\? p>ts ( ?is k+dom ) ,fire4 ,fuel has become ! /aple product ( ! di/rict1 ! quantity export$ increas+ f ye> to ye>1 until ! coal rais$ f ^! nor!rn m9es am\nts to upw>ds ( sixte5 millions ( tons a ye>1 ( :i* n less ?an n9e millions are annually convey$ away by sea4 ,newca/le has 9 ! mean "t spread 9 all directions f> beyond its anci5t b\nd>ies4 ,f a wall$ m$iaeval t[n ( monks & m]*ants1 x has be5 conv]t$ into a busy c5tre ( comm]ce & manufactures inhabit$ by ne>ly #ajj1jjj p4 ,x is no long] a ,bord] =tress--a %ield & def5ce aga9/ ! invasions & frequ5t insults ( ! ,scots1 z describ$ 9 anci5t *>t]s--b a busy c5tre ( peaceful indu/ry1 & ! outlet = a va/ am\nt ( /eam-p[]1 :i* is export$ 9 ! =m ( coal to all p>ts ( ! _w4 ,newca/le is 9 _m respects a t[n ( s+ul> & curi\s int]e/1 especially 9 its old] p>ts1 :i* are full ( crook$ lanes & n>r[ /reets1 wynds1 & *>es1 #d =m$ by tall1 antique h\ses1 ris+ ti] above ti] along ! /eep nor!rn bank ( ! ,tyne1 z ! simil>ly precipit\s /reets ( ,gate%ead cr[d ! opposite %ore4 ,all ov] ! coal region1 :i* ext5ds f ! ,coquet to ! ,tees1 ab\t fifty miles f nor? to s\?1 ! surface ( ! soil exhibits ! signs ( ext5sive und]gr\nd work+s4 ,z y pass ?r\gh ! c\ntry at night1 ! e>? looks z if x 7 bur/+ ) fire at _m po9ts2 ! blaze ( coke-ov5s1 iron-furnaces1 & coal-heaps r$d5+ ! sky to su* a di/ance t ! horizon seems to be a gl[+ belt ( fire4 ,f ! necessity :i* exi/$ = facilitat+ ! transport ( coals f ! pits to ! %ipp+ places1 x is easy to und]/& h[ ! railway & ! locomotive %\ld h fir/ f\nd _! home 9 su* a di/rict z we h ?us briefly describ$4 ,at an e>ly p]iod ! coal 0 c>ri$ to ! boats 9 panni]s1 or 9 sacks ^u horses' backs4 ,!n c>ts 7 us$1 to facilitate ! progress ( :i* tramways ( flag-/one 7 laid d[n4 ,?is l$ to ! enl>gem5t ( ! vehicle1 :i* became kn[n z a waggon1 & x 0 m\nt$ on f\r :eels in/ead ( two4 ,a local writ] ab\t ! middle ( ! sev5te5? c5tury says1 ,_m ?\s& p are engag$ 9 ?is trade ( coals2 _m live by work+ ( !m 9 ! pits2 & _m live by convey+ !m 9 waggons & wa9s to ! riv] ,tyne4 ,/ill fur!r to facilitate ! haulage ( ! waggons1 pieces ( plank+ 7 laid p>allel ^u wood5 sleep]s1 or imb$d$ 9 ! ord9>y track1 by :i* friction 0 /ill fur!r dim9i%$4 ,x is said t ^! wood5 rails 7 fir/ employ$ by "o ,beaumont1 ab\t #afcj2 & on a road ?us laid1 a s+le horse 0 capable ( draw+ a l>ge load$ waggon f ! coal-pit to ! %ipp+ /ai?4 ,rog] ,nor?1 9 #afgf1 f\nd ! practice _h become ext5sively adopt$1 & he speaks ( ! l>ge sums !n paid = way-leaves2 t is1 ! p]mission grant$ by ! own]s ( l&s ly+ betwe5 ! coal-pit & ! riv]-side to lay d[n a tramway betwe5 ! "o & ! o!r4 ,a c5tury lat]1 ,ar?ur ,"y obs]v$ t n only _h ^! roads become greatly multipli$1 b important works _h be5 con/ruct$ to c>ry !m along ^u ! same level4 ,! coal-waggon roads f ! pits to ! wat]1 he says1 are great works1 c>ri$ ov] all sorts ( inequalities ( gr\nd1 s f> z ! di/ance ( n9e or t5 miles4 ,! tracks ( ! :eels are m>k$ ) pieces ( wood let into ! road = ! :eels ( ! waggons to run on1 by :i* "o horse is enabl$ to draw1 & t ) ease1 fifty or sixty bu%els ( coals4 #e ,simil> waggon-roads 7 laid d[n 9 ! coal di/ricts ( ,wales1 ,cumb]l&1 & ,scotl&4 ,at ! "t ( ! ,scot* rebellion 9 #agde1 a tramroad exi/$ betwe5 ! ,tran5t coal-pits & ! small h>b\r ( ,cock5zie 9 ,ea/ ,lo?ian2 & a portion ( ! l9e 0 select$ by ,g5]al ,cope z a position = 8 cannon at ! battle ( ,pre/onpans4 ,9 ^! rude wood5 tracks we f9d ! g]m ( ! mod]n railroad4 ,improvem5ts 7 gradually made 9 !m4 ,?us1 at "s colli]ies1 ?9 plates ( iron 7 nail$ ^u _! upp] surface1 = ! purpose ( protect+ ! p>ts mo/ expos$ to friction4 ,ca/-iron rails 7 also tri$1 ! wood5 rails hav+ be5 f\nd liable to rot4 ,! fir/ rails ( ?is k9d are suppos$ to h be5 us$ at ,:itehav5 z e>ly z #agch4 ,?is ca/-iron road 0 d5om9at$ a plate-way1 f ! plate-l =m 9 :i* ! rails 7 ca/4 ,9 #agfg1 z appe>s f ! books ( ! ,coalbrookdale ,iron ,works1 9 ,%rop%ire1 five or six tons ( rails 7 ca/1 z an exp]im5t1 on ! sugge/ion ( ,mr4 ,reynolds1 "o ( ! p>tn]s2 & !y 7 %ortly aft] laid d[n to =m a road4 ,9 #aggf1 a ca/-iron tramway1 nail$ to wood5 sleep]s1 0 laid d[n at ! ,duke ( ,norfolk's colli]y ne> ,%effield4 ,! p]son :o design$ & con/ruct$ ?is coal l9e 0 ,mr4 ,john ,curr1 ^: son has errone\sly claim$ = him ! inv5tion ( ! ca/-iron railway4 ,he c]ta9ly adopt$ x e>ly1 & !reby met ! fate ( m5 be=e _! age2 = 8 plan 0 oppos$ by ! lab\r+ p ( ! colli]y1 :o got up a riot 9 :i* !y tore up ! road & burnt ! coal-/ai?1 :il/ ,mr4 ,curr fl$ into a neighb\r+ wood = concealm5t1 & lay !re p]du = ?ree days & nights1 to escape ! fury ( ! populace4 ,! plates ( ^! e>ly tramways _h a l$ge ca/ on _! edge to guide ! :eel along ! road1 aft] ! mann] %[n 9 ! annex$ cut4 ,picture3 ,flange rail ,9 #aghi1 ,mr4 ,william ,jessop con/ruct$ a railway at ,l\ghbor\gh1 9 ,leice/]%ire1 & !re introduc$ ! ca/-iron edge-rail1 ) flan*es ca/ ^u ! tire ( ! waggon-:eels to keep !m on ! track1 in/ead ( hav+ ! m>g9 or flan* ca/ ^u ! rail itself2 & ?is plan 0 %ortly aft] adopt$ 9 o!r places4 ,9 #ahjj1 ,mr4 ,b5jam9 ,outram1 ( ,little ,eaton1 9 ,d]by%ire 7fa!r ( ! di/+ui%$ ,g5]al ,outram71 us$ /one props in/ead ( timb] = support+ ! ends or jo9+s ( ! rails4 ,?us ! use ( railroads1 9 v>i\s =ms1 gradually ext5d$1 until !y 7 f\nd 9 g5]al use all ov] ! m9+ di/ricts4 ,su* 0 ! gr[? ( ! railway1 :i*1 x w be obs]v$1 orig9at$ 9 necessity1 & 0 modifi$ accord+ to exp]i5ce2 progress 9 ?is1 z 9 all dep>tm5ts ( me*anics1 hav+ be5 effect$ by ! ex]tions ( _m m51 "o g5]ation ent]+ ^u ! lab\rs ( t :i* prec$$ x1 & c>ry+ !m onw>d to fur!r /ages ( improvem5t4 ,we %all aft]w>ds f9d t ! inv5tion ( ! locomotive 0 made by l successive /eps4 ,x 0 n ! inv5tion ( "o man1 b ( a succession ( m51 ea* work+ at ! prop] h\r1 & accord+ to ! ne$s ( t h\r2 "o inv5tor int]pret+ only ! fir/ ^w ( ! problem :i* 8 successors 7 to solve aft] long & labori\s ef=ts & exp]im5ts4 ,! locomotive is n ! inv5tion ( "o man1 said ,rob]t ,/eph5son at ,newca/le1 b ( a nation ( me*anical eng9e]s4 ,! same circum/ances :i* l$ to ! rapid ext5sion ( railways 9 ! coal di/ricts ( ! nor? t5d$ to direct ! att5tion ( ! m9+ eng9e]s to ! e>ly developm5t ( ! p[]s ( ! /eam-eng9e z a useful in/rum5t ( motive p[]4 ,! necessity :i* exi/$ = a m effective me?od ( haul+ ! coals f ! pits to ! %ipp+ places 0 con/antly pres5t to _m m9ds2 & ! daily pursuits ( a l>ge class ( me*anics occupi$ 9 ! managem5t ( /eam p[]1 by :i* ! coal 0 rais$ f ! pits1 & ! m9es 7 pump$ cle> ( wat]1 _h ! effect ( direct+ _! att5tion to ! same ag5cy z ! be/ means = accompli%+ t object4 ,among ! upp]-gr\nd workm5 employ$ at ! coal-pits1 ! pr9cipal are ! firem51 eng9em51 & brakes-m51 :o fire & "w ! eng9es1 & sup]9t5d ! ma*9]y by means ( :i* ! colli]ies are work$4 ,previ\s to ! introduction ( ! /eam-eng9e ! usual ma*9e employ$ = ! purpose 0 :at is call$ a g94 ,! g9 consi/s ( a l>ge drum plac$ horizontally1 r\nd :i* ropes atta*$ to buckets & corves are w\nd1 :i* are ?us drawn up or s5t d[n ! %afts by a horse travell+ 9 a circul> track or g9 race4 ,?is me?od 0 employ$ = draw+ up bo? coals & wat]1 & x is /ill us$ = ! same purpose 9 small colli]ies2 b :]e ! quantity ( wat] to be rais$ is great1 pumps work$ by /eam p[] are call$ into requisition4 ,newcom5's atmosph]ic eng9e 0 fir/ made use ( to "w ! pumps2 & x cont9u$ to be s employ$ long aft] ! m p[]ful & economical cond5s+ eng9e ( ,watt _h be5 inv5t$4 ,9 ! ,newcom5 or fire eng9e1 z x 0 call$1 ! p[] is produc$ by ! pressure ( ! atmosph]e =c+ d[n ! pi/on 9 ! cyl9d]1 on a vacuum be+ produc$ )9 x by cond5sation ( ! conta9$ /eam by means ( cold wat] injection4 ,! pi/on-rod is atta*$ to "o end ( a lev]1 :il/ ! pump-rod works 9 connexion ) ! o!r1--! hydraulic action employ$ to raise ! wat] be+ exactly simil> to t ( a common suck+-pump4 ,! work+ ( a ,newcom5 eng9e 0 a clumsy & app>5tly a v pa9ful process1 accompani$ by an extraord9>y am\nt ( :eez+1 sigh+1 creak+1 & bump+4 ,:5 ! pump desc5d$1 !re 0 he>d a plunge1 a heavy sigh1 & a l\d bump3 !n1 z x rose1 & ! suck] began to act1 !re 0 he>d a croak1 a :eeze1 ano!r bump1 & !n a /rong ru% ( wat] z x 0 lift$ & p\r$ out4 ,:]e eng9es ( a m p[]ful & improv$ description are us$1 ! quantity ( wat] rais$ is enorm\s--z mu* z a million & a half gallons 9 ! tw5ty-f\r h\rs4 ,! pitm51 or ! lads belaw1 :o "w out ! coal bel[ gr\nd1 are a peculi> class1 q di/9ct f ! workm5 on ! surface4 ,!y are a p ) peculi> habits1 mann]s1 & "*1 z mu* z fi%]m5 & sailors1 to :om1 inde$1 !y be>1 9 "s respects1 a consid]able resemblance4 ,"s fifty ye>s s9ce !y 7 a mu* r\gh] & worse educat$ class ?an !y are n[2 h>d work]s1 b v wild & unc\?2 mu* giv5 to /eeks1 or /rikes2 & di/+ui%$1 9 _! h\rs ( leisure & on pay-nights1 = _! love ( cock-fight+1 dog-fight+1 h>d dr9k+1 & cuddy races4 ,! pay-night 0 a =tnightly saturnalia1 9 :i* ! pitman's "* 0 fully br\ght out1 especially :5 ! yel 0 good4 ,?\gh e>n+ mu* high] wages ?an ! ord9>y lab\r+ population ( ! upp] soil1 ! latt] did n mix nor int]m>ry ) !m2 s t !y 7 left to =m _! own communities1 & h5ce _! m>k$ peculi>ities z a class4 ,inde$1 a sort ( traditional disrepute seems long to h clung to ! pitm51 aris+ p]haps f ! nature ( _! employm5t1 & f ! circum/ance t ! colli]s 7 among ! la/ classes enfran*is$ 9 ,engl&1 z !y 7 c]ta9ly ! la/ 9 ,scotl&1 :]e !y cont9u$ bondm5 d[n to ! end ( la/ c5tury4 ,! la/ ?irty ye>s1 h[ev]1 h work$ a great improvem5t 9 ! moral condition ( ! ,nor?umbrian pitm52 ! abolition ( ! twelve mon?s' bond to ! m9e1 & ! sub/itution ( a mon?'s notice previ\s to leav+1 hav+ giv5 !m great] fre$om & opportunity = obta9+ employm5t2 & day-s*ools & ,sunday-s*ools1 toge!r ) ! important influ5ces ( railways1 h br\ght !m fully up to a level ) ! o!r classes ( ! lab\r+ population4 ,! coals1 :5 rais$ f ! pits1 are empti$ into ! waggons plac$ alongside1 f :5ce !y are s5t along ! rails to ! /ai?s erect$ by ! riv]-side1 ! waggons sometimes desc5d+ by _! own gravity along incl9$ planes1 ! waggon] /&+ beh9d to *eck ! spe$ by means ( a convoy or wood5 brake be>+ ^u ! rims ( ! :eels4 ,arriv$ at ! /ai?s1 ! waggons are empti$ at once into ! %ips wait+ alongside = c>go4 ,any "o :o has sail$ d[n ! ,tyne f ,newca/le ,bridge _c b h be5 /ruck ) ! appe>ance ( ! imm5se /ai?s1 con/ruct$ ( timb]1 :i* are erect$ at %ort di/ances f ea* o!r on bo? sides ( ! riv]4 ,picture3 ,coal-,/ai? on ! ,tyne ,b a great deal ( ! coal %ipp$ f ! ,tyne comes f above-bridge1 :]e sea-go+ craft _c rea*1 & is float$ d[n ! riv] 9 keels1 9 :i* ! coals are sometimes pil$ up accord+ to conv5i5ce :5 l>ge1 or1 :5 ! coal is small or t5d]1 x is convey$ 9 tubs to prev5t breakage4 ,^! keels are ( a v anci5t model1--p]haps ! olde/ extant 9 ,engl&3 !y are ev5 said to be ( ! same build z ^? 9 :i* ! ,norsem5 navigat$ ! ,tyne c5turies ago4 ,! keel is a tubby1 grimy-look+ craft1 r\nd$ =e & aft1 ) a s+le l>ge squ>e sail1 :i* ! keel-bullies1 z ! ,tyne wat]m5 are call$1 manage ) great dext]ity2 ! vessel be+ guid$ by ! aid ( ! swape1 or great o>1 :i* is us$ z a k9d ( rudd] at ! /]n ( ! vessel4 ,^! keelm5 are an exce$+ly h>dy class ( workm51 n by any means s qu>relsome z _! designation ( bully w\ld imply--! ^w be+ m]ely d]iv$ f ! obsolete t]m boolie1 or belov$1 an appellation /ill 9 famili> use among/ bro!r work]s 9 ! coal di/ricts4 ,"o ( ! mo/ curi\s sights ^u ! ,tyne is ! fleet ( hundr$s ( ^! black-sail$1 black-hull$ keels1 br++ d[n at ea* tide _! black c>goes = ! %ips at an*or 9 ! deep wat] at ,%ields & o!r p>ts ( ! riv] bel[ ,newca/le4 ,^! prelim9>y obs]vations w p]haps be suffici5t to expla9 ! mean+ ( _m ( ! occupations allud$ to1 & ! phrases employ$1 9 ! c\rse ( ! foll[+ n>rative1 "s ( :i* might o!rwise h be5 comp>atively un9telligible to ! g5]al read]4 ,picture3 ,coal ,waggons ,picture3 ,wylam ,colli]y & ,village ,,*apt] ,,ii4 ,,wylam ,,& ,,dewley ,,burn--,,george ,,/eph5son',s ,,e>ly ,,ye>s4 ,! colli]y village ( ,wylam is situat$ on ! nor? bank ( ! ,tyne1 ab\t eight miles we/ ( ,newca/le4 ,! ,newca/le & ,c>lisle railway runs along ! opposite bank2 & ! travell] by t l9e sees ! usual signs ( a colli]y 9 ! unsightly pump+-eng9es surr\nd$ by heaps ( a%es1 coal-du/1 & slag2 :il/ a neighb\r+ iron-furnace 9 full bla/ ?r[s out d5se smoke & l\d jets ( /eam by day & lurid flames at night4 ,^! works =m ! nucleus ( ! village1 :i* is almo/ entirely occupi$ by coal-m9]s & iron-furnacem54 ,! place is rem>kable = its l>ge population1 b n = its cleanness or neatness z a village2 ! h\ses1 z 9 mo/ colli]y villages1 be+ ! prop]ty ( ! own]s or lessees1 :o employ !m 9 tempor>ily accommodat+ ! workpeople1 aga9/ ^: e>n+s !re is a weekly set-(f = h\se & coals4 ,ab\t ! end ( la/ c5tury ! e/ate ( :i* ,wylam =ms "p1 belong$ to ,mr4 ,blackett1 a g5tleman ( consid]able celebrity 9 coal-m9+1 !n m g5]ally kn[n z ! proprietor ( ! ',globe' newspap]4 ,!re is no?+ to int]e/ "o 9 ! village itself4 ,b a few hundr$ y>ds f its ea/]n extremity /&s a humble deta*$ dwell+1 :i* w be int]e/+ to _m z ! bir?place ( "o ( ! mo/ rem>kable m5 ( our times--,george ,/eph5son1 ! ,railway ,eng9e]4 ,x is a common two-/ori$1 r$-til$1 rubble h\se1 portion$ (f into f\r lab\r]s' ap>tm5ts4 ,x is kn[n by ! "n ( ,high ,/reet ,h\se1 & 0 orig9ally s call$ because x /&s by ! side ( :at us$ to be ! old rid+ po/ road or /reet betwe5 ,newca/le & ,hexham1 along :i* ! po/ 0 c>ri$ on horseback )9 ! memory ( p]sons liv+4 ,! l[] room 9 ! we/ end ( ?is h\se 0 ! home ( ! ,/eph5son family2 & !re ,george ,/eph5son 0 born1 ! second ( a family ( six *ildr51 on ! #i? ( ,june1 #agha4 ,! ap>tm5t is n[1 :at x 0 !n1 an ord9>y lab\r]'s dwell+1--its walls are unpla/]$1 its floor is ( clay1 & ! b>e raft]s are expos$ ov]head4 ,rob]t ,/eph5son1 or ,old ,bob1 z ! neighb\rs famili>ly call$ him1 & 8 wife ,mabel1 7 a respectable c\ple1 c>eful & h>d-work+4 ,x is said t ,rob]t ,/eph5son's fa!r 0 a ,scot*man1 & came into ,engl& z a g5tleman's s]vant4 ,mabel1 8 wife1 0 ! daught] ( ,rob]t ,c>r1 a dy] at ,ov+ham4 ,:5 fir/ m>ri$1 !y liv$ at ,walbottle1 a village situat$ betwe5 ,wylam & ,newca/le1 aft]w>ds remov+ to ,wylam1 :]e ,rob]t 0 employ$ z fireman ( ! old pump+ eng9e at t colli]y4 ,picture3 ,high-/reet ,h\se1 ,wylam1 ! ,bir?place ( ,george ,/eph5son ,an old ,wylam colli]1 :o rememb]$ ,george ,/eph5son's fa!r1 ?us describ$ him3--,geordie's fay!r w> l a pe] o' deals nail$ !gi!r1 an' a bit o' fle% i' ?' inside2 he w> z que] z ,dick's hatb&--w5t ?rice aboot1 an' wudn't tie4 ,8 wife ,mabel w> a delicat' boddie1 an' v>ry flighty4 ,?ay w> an hone/ family1 b sair hadd5 doon i' ?' _w4 ,inde$1 ! e>n+s ( old ,rob]t did n am\nt to m ?an twelve %ill+s a week2 &1 z !re 7 six *ildr5 to ma9ta91 ! family1 dur+ _! /ay at ,wylam1 7 necess>ily 9 v /rait5$ circum/ances4 ,! fa!r's wages be+ b>ely suffici5t1 ev5 ) ! mo/ rigid economy1 = ! su/5ance ( ! h\sehold1 !re 0 little to sp>e = clo?+1 & no?+ = education1 s none ( ! *ildr5 7 s5t to s*ool4 ,old ,rob]t 0 a g5]al fav\rite 9 ! village1 especially among/ ! *ildr51 :om he 0 accu/om$ to draw ab\t him :il/ t5d+ ! eng9e-fire1 & fea/ _! "y imag9ations ) tales ( ,s9bad ! ,sailor & ,rob9son ,crusoe1 besides o!rs ( 8 own inv5tion2 s t ,bob's eng9e-fire came to be ! mo/ popul> resort 9 ! village4 ,ano!r feature 9 8 "*1 by :i* he 0 long rememb]$1 0 8 affection = birds & animals2 & he _h _m tame fav\rites ( bo? sorts1 :i* 7 z fond ( resort+ to 8 eng9e-fire z ! boys & girls !mselves4 ,9 ! w9t] "t he _h usually a flock ( tame rob9s ab\t him2 & !y w\ld come hopp+ famili>ly to 8 feet to pick up ! crumbs :i* he _h sav$ = !m out ( 8 humble d9n]4 ,at 8 cottage he 0 r>ely )\t "o or m tame blackbirds1 :i* flew ab\t ! h\se1 or 9 & out at ! door4 ,9 summ]-"t he w\ld g a-birdne/+ ) 8 *ildr52 & "o day he took 8 little son ,george to see a blackbird's ne/ = ! fir/ "t4 ,hold+ him up 9 8 arms1 he let ! wond]+ boy peep d[n1 ?r\gh ! bran*es held aside = ! purpose1 into a ne/ full ( "y birds--a sight :i* ! boy nev] =got1 b us$ to speak ( ) delight to 8 intimate fri5ds :5 he himself _h gr[n an old man4 ,! boy ,george l$ ! ord9>y life ( work+-p's *ildr54 ,he play$ ab\t ! doors2 w5t birdne/+ :5 he c\ld2 & ran err&s to ! village4 ,he 0 also an eag] li/5]1 ) ! o!r *ildr51 to 8 fa!r's curi\s tales2 & he e>ly imbib$ f him t affection = birds & animals :i* cont9u$ ?r\gh\t 8 life4 ,9 c\rse ( "t he 0 promot$ to ! (fice ( c>ry+ 8 fa!r's d9n] to him :ile at "w1 & x 0 on su* occasions 8 great delight to see ! rob9s f$4 ,at home he help$ to nurse1 & t ) a c>eful h&1 8 y\ng] bro!rs & si/]s4 ,"o ( 8 duties 0 to see t ! o!r *ildr5 7 kept out ( ! way ( ! *aldron waggons1 :i* 7 !n dragg$ by horses along ! wood5 tramroad imm$iately 9 front ( ! cottage-door4 ,?is waggon-way 0 ! fir/ 9 ! nor!rn di/rict on :i* ! exp]im5t ( a locomotive eng9e 0 tri$4 ,b at ! "t ( :i* we speak1 ! locomotive _h sc>cely be5 dreamt ( 9 ,engl& z a practicable work+ p[]2 horses only 7 us$ to haul ! coal2 & "o ( ! fir/ sights ) :i* ! boy 0 famili> 0 ! coal-waggons dragg$ by !m along ! wood5 railway at ,wylam4 ,?us eight ye>s pass$2 aft] :i*1 ! coal hav+ be5 work$ out1 ! old eng9e1 :i* _h gr[n dismal to look at1 z "o ( ! workm5 describ$ x1 0 pull$ d[n2 & !n ,rob]t1 hav+ obta9$ employm5t z a fireman at ! ,dewley ,burn ,colli]y1 remov$ ) 8 family to t place4 ,dewley ,burn1 at ?is day1 consi/s ( a few old-fa%ion$ l[-ro($ cottages /&+ on ei!r side ( a babbl+ little /ream4 ,!y are connect$ by a ru/ic wood5 bridge1 :i* spans ! rift 9 front ( ! doors4 ,9 ! c5tral "o-room$ cottage ( ?is gr\p1 on ! "r bank1 ,rob]t ,/eph5son liv$ = a "t ) 8 family2 ! pit at :i* he work$ /&+ 9 ! re> ( ! cottages4 ,"y ?\gh he 01 ,george 0 n[ ( an age to be able to contribute some?+ t[>ds ! family ma9t5ance2 = 9 a poor man's h\se1 e *ild is a burd5 until 8 little h&s c be turn$ to pr(itable acc\nt4 ,t ! boy 0 %rewd & active1 & possess$ ( a ready "m wit1 w be evid5t en\gh f ! foll[+ incid5t4 ,"o day 8 si/] ,nell w5t into ,newca/le to buy a bonnet2 & ,geordie w5t ) h] = company4 ,at a drap]'s %op 9 ! ,bigg ,m>ket1 ,nell f\nd a *ip q to h] m9d1 b on pric+ x1 alas6 x 0 f\nd to be fifte5 p5ce beyond h] means1 & %e left ! %op v mu* disappo9t$4 ,b ,geordie said1 ,nev] he$1 ,nell2 see if ,i canna w9 sill] en\gh to buy ! bonnet2 /& ye !re1 till ,i come back4 ,away ran ! boy & disappe>$ amid/ ! ?rong ( ! m>ket1 leav+ ! girl to wait 8 return4 ,long & long %e wait$1 until x grew dusk1 & ! m>ket p _h ne>ly all left4 ,%e _h begun to despair1 & fe>s cross$ h] m9d t ,geordie mu/ h be5 run ov] & kill$2 :5 at la/ up he came runn+1 almo/ brea?less4 ,i've gott5 ! sill] = ! bonnet1 ,nell6 cri$ he4 ,eh ,geordie6 %e said1 b hoo hae ye gott5 x8 ,haud9 ! g5tlem5's horses6 0 ! exultant reply4 ,! bonnet 0 =?) b\ght1 & ! two return$ to ,dewley happy4 ,george's fir/ regul> employm5t 0 ( a v humble sort4 ,a wid[1 nam$ ,grace ,a9slie1 !n occupi$ ! neighb\r+ f>mh\se ( ,dewley4 ,%e kept a numb] ( c[s1 & _h ! privilege ( graz+ !m along ! waggon-road4 ,%e ne$$ a boy to h]d ! c[s1 to keep !m out ( ! way ( ! waggons1 & prev5t _! /ray+ or trespass+ on ! neighb\rs' lib]ties2 ! boy's duty 0 also to b> ! gates at night aft] all ! waggons _h pass$4 ,george petition$ = ?is po/1 &1 to 8 great joy1 he 0 appo9t$ at ! wage ( twop5ce a day4 ,x 0 light employm5t1 & he _h pl5ty ( sp>e "t on 8 h&s1 :i* he sp5t 9 birdne/+1 mak+ :i/les out ( re$s & scrannel /raws1 & erect+ ,lilliputian mills 9 ! little wat]-/reams t ran into ! ,dewley bog4 ,b 8 fav\rite amusem5t at ?is e>ly age 0 erect+ clay eng9es 9 conjunction ) 8 *os5 playmate1 ,bill ,?irlwall4 ,! place is /ill po9t$ out :]e ! future eng9e]s made _! fir/ essays 9 modell+4 ,! boys f\nd ! clay = _! eng9es 9 ! adjo9+ bog1 & ! hemlocks :i* grew ab\t suppli$ !m ) imag9>y /eam-pipes4 ,!y ev5 proce$$ to make a m9iature w9d+-ma*9e 9 connexion ) _! eng9e1 & ! app>atus 0 erect$ ^u a b5* 9 front ( ! ,?irlwalls' cottage4 ,! corves 7 made out ( holl[$ corks2 ! ropes 7 suppli$ by tw9e2 & a few bits ( wood glean$ f ! refuse ( ! c>p5t]'s %op complet$ _! mat]ials4 ,) ?is app>atus ! boys made a %[ ( s5d+ ! corves d[n ! pit & draw+ !m up aga91 mu* to ! m>vel ( ! pitm54 ,b "s mis*iev\s p]son ab\t ! place seiz$ ! opportunity e>ly "o morn+ ( sma%+ ! fragile ma*9]y1 mu* to ! grief ( ! "y eng9e]s4 ,z ,/eph5son grew old] & abl] to "w1 he 0 set to lead ! horses :5 pl\gh+1 ?\gh sc>ce big en\gh to /ride across ! furr[s2 & he us$ aft]w>ds to say t he rode to 8 "w 9 ! morn+s at an h\r :5 mo/ o!r *ildr5 ( 8 age 7 asleep 9 _! b$s4 ,he 0 also employ$ to hoe turnips1 & d simil> f>m-"w1 = :i* he 0 paid ! advanc$ wage ( f\rp5ce a day4 ,b 8 highe/ ambition 0 to be tak5 on at ! colli]y :]e 8 fa!r work$2 & he %ortly jo9$ 8 eld] bro!r ,james !re z a corf-bitt]1 or pick]1 to cle> ! coal ( /ones1 bats1 & dross4 ,8 wages 7 !n advanc$ to sixp5ce a day1 & aft]w>ds to eightp5ce :5 he 0 set to drive ! g9-horse4 ,%ortly aft]1 ,george w5t to ,black ,call]ton to drive ! g9 !re2 & z t colli]y lies ab\t two miles across ! fields f ,dewley ,burn1 he walk$ t di/ance e>ly 9 ! morn+ to 8 "w1 return+ home late 9 ! ev5+4 ,"o ( ! old resid5ts at ,black ,call]ton1 :o rememb]$ him at t "t1 describ$ him to ! au?or z a grit gr[+ lad1 ) b>e legs an' feet2 add+ t he 0 v quick-witt$ & full ( fun & tricks3 inde$1 !re 0 no?+ "u ! sun b he tri$ to imitate4 ,he 0 usually =emo/ also 9 ! sports & pa/imes ( y\?4 ,among 8 fir/ /rongly-develop$ ta/es 0 ! love ( birds & animals1 :i* he inh]it$ f 8 fa!r4 ,blackbirds 7 8 special fav\rites4 ,! h$ges betwe5 ,dewley & ,black ,call]ton 7 capital bird-ne/+ places2 & !re 0 n a ne/ !re t he did n "k (4 ,:5 ! "y birds 7 old en\gh1 he w\ld br+ !m home ) him1 fe$ !m1 & tea* !m to fly ab\t ! cottage unconf9$ by cages4 ,"o ( 8 blackbirds became s tame1 t1 aft] fly+ ab\t ! doors all day1 & 9 & out ( ! cottage1 x w\ld take up its roo/ ^u ! b$-head at night4 ,& mo/ s+ul> ( all1 ! bird w\ld disappe> 9 ! spr+ & summ] mon?s1 :5 x 0 suppos$ to g into ! woods to pair & re> its "y1 aft] :i* x w\ld reappe> at ! cottage1 & resume its social habits dur+ ! w9t]4 ,?is w5t on = sev]al ye>s4 ,george _h also a /ock ( tame rabbits1 = :i* he built a little h\se beh9d ! cottage1 & = _m ye>s he cont9u$ to pride himself ^u ! sup]iority ( 8 bre$4 ,aft] he _h driv5 ! g9 = "s "t at ,dewley & ,black ,call]ton1 he 0 tak5 on z an assi/ant to 8 fa!r 9 fir+ ! eng9e at ,dewley4 ,?is 0 a /ep ( promotion :i* he _h anxi\sly desir$1 8 only fe> be+ le/ he %\ld be f\nd too "y = ! "w4 ,inde$1 he us$ aft]w>ds to relate h[ he 0 wont to hide himself :5 ! own] ( ! colli]y w5t r\nd1 9 case he %\ld be ?\ght too little a boy to e>n ! wages paid him4 ,s9ce he _h modell$ 8 clay eng9es 9 ! bog1 8 "y ambition 0 to be an eng9eman2 & to be an assi/ant fireman 0 ! fir/ /ep t[>ds ?is position4 ,great !re=e 0 8 joy :51 at ab\t f\rte5 ye>s ( age1 he 0 appo9t$ assi/ant-fireman1 at ! wage ( a %ill+ a day4 ,b ! coal at ,dewley ,burn be+ at l5g? work$ out1 ! pit 0 ord]$ to be laid 91 & old ,rob]t & 8 family 7 aga9 "u ! necessity ( %ift+ _! home2 =1 to use ! common phrase1 !y mu/ foll[ ! w>k4 ,!y remov$ accord+ly to a place call$ ,jolly's ,close1 a few miles to ! s\?1 close beh9d ! village ( ,newburn1 :]e ano!r coal-m9e belong+ to ! ,duke ( ,nor?umb]l&1 call$ ! ,duke's ,w9n91 _h rec5tly be5 op5$ out4 ,picture3 ,newburn on ! ,tyne ,"o ( ! old p]sons 9 ! neighb\rhood1 :o knew ! family well1 describes ! dwell+ 9 :i* !y liv$ z a poor cottage ( only "o room1 9 :i* ! fa!r1 "m1 f\r sons1 & two daught]s1 liv$ & slept4 ,x 0 cr[d$ ) ?ree l[-pol$ b$s4 ,! "o ap>tm5t s]v$ = p>l\r1 kit*51 sleep+-room1 & all4 ,! *ildr5 ( ! ,/eph5son family 7 n[ gr[+ apace1 & sev]al ( !m 7 old en\gh to be able to e>n money at v>i\s k9ds ( colli]y "w4 ,james & ,george1 ! two elde/ sons1 work$ z assi/ant-firem52 & ! y\ng] boys work$ z :eel]s or pick]s on ! bank-tops4 ,! two girls help$ _! "m ) ! h\sehold "w4 ,o!r work+s ( ! coal 7 op5$ out 9 ! neighb\rhood2 & to "o ( ^! ,george 0 remov$ z fireman on 8 own acc\nt4 ,?is 0 call$ ! ,mid ,mill ,w9n91 :]e he _h = 8 mate a "y man nam$ ,coe4 ,!y work$ toge!r !re = ab\t two ye>s1 by twelve-h\r %ifts1 ,george fir+ ! eng9e at ! wage ( a %ill+ a day4 ,he 0 n[ fifte5 ye>s old4 ,8 ambition 0 z yet limit$ to atta9+ ! /&+ ( a full workman1 at a man's wages2 & ) t view he endeav\r$ to atta9 su* a k ( 8 eng9e z w\ld ev5tually lead to 8 employm5t z an eng9eman1 ) its accompany+ advantage ( high] pay4 ,he 0 a /eady1 sob]1 h>d-work+ "y man1 b no?+ m 9 ! e/imation ( 8 fell[-workm54 ,"o ( 8 fav\rite pa/imes 9 by-h\rs 0 try+ feats ( /r5g? ) 8 companions4 ,al?\gh 9 frame he 0 n p>ticul>ly robu/1 yet he 0 big & bony1 & consid]$ v /rong = 8 age4 ,at ?r[+ ! hamm] ,george _h no compe]4 ,at lift+ heavy weights (f ! gr\nd f betwe5 8 feet1 by means ( a b> ( iron pass$ ?r\gh !m--plac+ ! b> aga9/ 8 knees z a fulcrum1 & !n /raight5+ 8 sp9e & lift+ !m %e] up--he 0 also v successful4 ,on "o occasion he lift$ z mu* z sixty /ones weight--a /rik+ indication ( 8 /r5g? ( bone & muscle4 ,:5 ! pit at ,mid ,mill 0 clos$1 ,george & 8 companion ,coe 7 s5t to "w ano!r pump+-eng9e erect$ ne> ,?rockley ,bridge1 :]e !y cont9u$ = "s mon?s4 ,x 0 :ile work+ at ?is place t 8 wages 7 rais$ to #abs4 a week--an ev5t to him ( great importance4 ,on com+ out ( ! =eman's (fice t ,saturday ev5+ on :i* he receiv$ ! advance1 he ann\nc$ ! fact to 8 fell[-workm51 add+ triumphantly ,i am n[ a made man = life6 ,! pit op5$ at ,newburn1 at :i* old ,rob]t ,/eph5son work$1 prov+ a failure1 x 0 clos$2 & a new pit 0 sunk at ,wat]-r[1 on a /rip ( l& ly+ betwe5 ! ,wylam waggon-way & ! riv] ,tyne1 ab\t half a mile we/ ( ,newburn ,*ur*4 ,a pump+ eng9e 0 erect$ !re by ,rob]t ,haw?orn1 ! ,duke's eng9e]2 & old ,/eph5son w5t to "w x z fireman1 8 son ,george act+ z ! eng9eman or plugman4 ,at t "t he 0 ab\t sev5te5 ye>s old--a v y\?ful age at :i* to fill s responsible a po/4 ,he _h ?us already got ahead ( 8 fa!r 9 8 /ation z a workman2 = ! plugman holds a high] grade ?an ! fireman1 requir+ m practical k & skill1 & usually receiv+ high] wages4 ,george's duty z plugman 0 to wat* ! eng9e1 to see t x kept well 9 "w1 & t ! pumps 7 effici5t 9 draw+ ! wat]4 ,:5 ! wat]-level 9 ! pit 0 l[]$1 & ! suction became incomplete ?r\gh ! exposure ( ! suction-holes1 x 0 !n 8 duty to proce$ to ! bottom ( ! %aft & plug ! tube s t ! pump %\ld draw3 h5ce ! designation ( plugman4 ,if a /oppage 9 ! eng9e took place ?r\gh any defect :i* he 0 incapable ( rem$y+1 x 0 = him to call 9 ! aid ( ! *ief eng9e] to set x to rights4 ,b f ! "t :5 ,george ,/eph5son 0 appo9t$ fireman1 & m p>ticul>ly aft]w>ds z eng9eman1 he appli$ himself s assidu\sly & s successfully to ! /udy ( ! eng9e & its ge>+--tak+ ! ma*9e to pieces 9 8 leisure h\rs = ! purpose ( clean+ & und]/&+ its v>i\s p>ts--t he soon acquir$ a ?or\gh practical k ( its con/ruction & mode ( work+1 & v r>ely ne$$ to call ! eng9e] ( ! colli]y to 8 aid4 ,8 eng9e became a sort ( pet ) him1 & he 0 nev] we>i$ ( wat*+ & inspect+ x ) admiration4 ,?\gh eighte5 ye>s old1 l _m ( 8 fell[-workm51 ,/eph5son _h n yet le>nt to read4 ,all t he c\ld d 0 to get "s "o to read = him by 8 eng9e fire1 out ( any book or /ray newspap] :i* f\nd its way into ! neighb\rhood4 ,buonap>te 0 !n ov]runn+ ,italy1 & a/\nd+ ,europe by 8 brilliant succession ( victories2 & !re 0 no m eag] auditor ( 8 exploits1 z read f ! newspap] acc\nts1 ?an ! "y eng9eman at ! ,wat]-r[ ,pit4 ,!re 7 also num]\s /ray bits ( in=mation & intellig5ce conta9$ 9 ^! pap]s1 :i* excit$ ,/eph5son's int]e/4 ,"o ( ^! relat$ to ! ,egyptian me?od ( hat*+ birds' eggs by means ( artificial heat4 ,curi\s ab\t ev]y?+ relat+ to birds1 he det]m9$ to te/ x by exp]im5t4 ,x 0 spr+ "t1 & he =?) w5t a birdne/+ 9 ! adjo9+ woods & h$ges4 ,he ga!r$ a collection ( eggs ( v>i\s sorts1 set !m 9 fl\r 9 a w>m place 9 ! eng9e-h\se1 cov]+ ! :ole ) wool1 & !n wait$ ! issue4 ,! heat 0 kept z /eady z possible1 & ! eggs 7 c>efully turn$ e twelve h\rs1 b ?\gh !y *ipp$1 & "s ( !m exhibit$ well-gr[n *icks1 !y nev] hat*$4 ,! exp]im5t fail$1 b ! incid5t %[s t ! inquir+ m9d ( ! y\? 0 fairly at "w4 ,modell+ ( eng9es 9 clay cont9u$ to be ano!r ( 8 fav\rite occupations4 ,he made models ( eng9es :i* he _h se51 & ( o!rs :i* 7 describ$ to him4 ,^! attempts 7 an improvem5t ^u 8 fir/ trials at ,dewley ,burn bog1 :5 occupi$ !re z a h]d-boy4 ,he 01 h[ev]1 anxi\s to "k some?+ ( ! wond]ful eng9es ( ,b\lton & ,watt1 & 0 told t !y 7 to be f\nd fully describ$ 9 books1 :i* he mu/ se>* = in=mation z to _! con/ruction1 action & uses4 ,b1 alas6 ,/eph5son c\ld n read2 he _h n yet le>nt ev5 8 lett]s4 ,?us he %ortly f\nd1 :5 gaz+ wi/fully 9 ! direction ( k1 t to advance fur!r z a skill$ workman1 he mu/ ma/] ?is wond]ful art ( read+--! key to s _m o!r arts4 ,only ?us c\ld he ga9 an access to books1 ! depositories ( ! wisdom & exp]i5ce ( ! pa/4 ,al?\gh a gr[n man1 & do+ ! "w ( a man1 he 0 n a%am$ to confess 8 ignorance1 & g to s*ool1 big z he 01 to le>n 8 lett]s4 ,p]haps1 too1 he =esaw t1 9 lay+ out a little ( 8 sp>e e>n+s = ?is purpose1 he 0 inve/+ money judici\sly1 & t1 9 e h\r he sp5t at s*ool1 he 0 really work+ = bett] wages4 ,8 fir/ s*oolma/] 0 ,rob9 ,c[5s1 a poor tea*] 9 ! village ( ,walbottle4 ,he kept a night-s*ool1 :i* 0 att5d$ by a few ( ! colli]s & lab\r]s' sons 9 ! neighb\rhood4 ,george took lessons 9 spell+ & read+ ?ree nights 9 ! week4 ,rob9 ,c[5's tea*+ co/ ?reep5ce a week2 & ?\gh x 0 n v good1 yet ,george1 be+ hungry = k & eag] to acquire x1 soon le>nt to read4 ,he also practis$ po?ooks1 & at ! age ( n9ete5 he 0 pr\d to be able to write 8 own "n4 ,a ,scot* dom9ie1 nam$ ,&rew ,rob]tson1 set up a night-s*ool 9 ! village ( ,newburn1 9 ! w9t] ( #agii4 ,x 0 m conv5i5t = ,george to att5d ?is s*ool1 z x 0 ne>] to 8 "w1 & only a few m9utes' walk f ,jolly's ,close4 ,besides1 ,&rew _h ! reputation ( be+ a skill$ ari?metician2 & ?is bran* ( k ,/eph5son 0 v desir\s ( acquir+4 ,he accord+ly began tak+ lessons f him1 pay+ f\rp5ce a week4 ,rob]t ,gray1 ! junior fireman at ! ,wat]-r[ ,pit1 began ari?metic at ! same "t2 & ,gray aft]w>ds told ! au?or t ,george le>nt figur+ s mu* fa/] ?an he did1 t he c\ld n make out h[ x 0--he took to figures s wond]ful4 ,al?\gh ! two />t$ toge!r f ! same po9t1 at ! end ( ! w9t] ,george _h ma/]$ r$uction1 :ile ,rob]t ,gray 0 /ill /ruggl+ ) ! difficulties ( simple division4 ,b ,george's secret 0 8 p]sev]ance4 ,he work$ out ! sums 9 8 bye-h\rs1 improv+ e m9ute ( 8 sp>e "t by ! eng9e-fire1 & /udy+ !re ! ari?metical problems set = him ^u 8 slate by ! ma/]4 ,9 ! ev5+s he took to ,rob]tson ! sums :i* he _h work$1 & new ones 7 set = him to /udy out ! foll[+ day4 ,?us 8 progress 0 rapid1 &1 ) a will+ he>t & m9d1 he soon became well advanc$ 9 ari?metic4 ,inde$1 ,&rew ,rob]tson became v pr\d ( 8 s*ol>2 & %ortly aft]1 :5 ! ,wat]-r[ ,pit 0 clos$1 & ,george remov$ to ,black ,call]ton to "w !re1 ! poor s*oolma/]1 n hav+ a v ext5sive connexion 9 ,newburn1 w5t ) 8 pupils1 & set up 8 night-s*ool at ,black ,call]ton1 :]e he cont9u$ 8 lessons4 ,george /ill f\nd "t to att5d to 8 fav\rite animals :ile work+ at ! ,wat]-r[ ,pit4 ,l 8 fa!r1 he us$ to tempt ! rob9-r$brea/s to hop & fly ab\t him at ! eng9e-fire1 by ! bait ( bread-crumbs sav$ f 8 d9n]4 ,b 8 *ief fav\rite 0 8 dog--s sagaci\s t he almo/ daily c>ri$ ,george's d9n] to him at ! pit4 ,! t9 conta9+ ! meal 0 susp5d$ f ! dog's neck1 &1 ?us lad51 he proce$$ fai?fully f ,jolly's ,close to ,wat]-r[ ,pit1 q ?r\gh ! village ( ,newburn4 ,he turn$ nei!r to left nor "r1 nor he$$ ! b>k+ ( curs at 8 heels4 ,b 8 c\rse 0 n unatt5d$ ) p]ils4 ,"o day ! big /range dog ( a pass+ but*] espy+ ! eng9eman's mess5g] ) ! t9 c ab\t 8 neck1 ran aft] & fell ^u him4 ,!re 0 a t]rible tussle & worry+1 :i* la/$ = a brief :ile1 &1 %ortly aft]1 ! dog's ma/]1 anxi\s = 8 d9n]1 saw 8 fai?ful s]vant approa*+1 ble$+ b triumphant4 ,! t9 c 0 /ill r\nd 8 neck1 b ! d9n] _h be5 spilt 9 ! /ruggle4 ,?\gh ,george w5t )\t 8 d9n] t day1 he 0 pr\d] ( 8 dog ?an ev] :5 ! circum/ances ( ! combat 7 relat$ to him by ! villag]s :o _h se5 x4 ,x 0 :ile work+ at ! ,wat]-r[ ,pit t ,/eph5son le>nt ! art ( brake+ an eng9e4 ,?is be+ "o ( ! high] dep>tm5ts ( colli]y lab\r1 & among ! be/ paid1 ,george 0 v anxi\s to le>n x4 ,a small w9d+-eng9e hav+ be5 put up = ! purpose ( draw+ ! coals f ! pit1 ,bill ,coe1 8 fri5d & fell[-workman1 0 appo9t$ ! brakesman4 ,he frequ5tly all[$ ,george to try 8 h& at ! ma*9e1 & in/ruct$ him h[ to proce$4 ,coe 01 h[ev]1 oppos$ 9 ?is by sev]al ( ! o!r workm5--"o ( :om1 a banksman nam$ ,william ,locke1 #bf w5t s f> z to /op ! work+ ( ! pit because ,/eph5son _h be5 call$ 9 to ! brake4 ,b "o day z ,mr4 ,*>les ,nixon1 ! manag] ( ! pit1 0 obs]v$ approa*+1 ,coe adopt$ an exp$i5t :i* put a /op to ! opposition4 ,he call$ ^u ,/eph5son to come into ! brake-h\se1 & take hold ( ! ma*9e4 ,locke1 z usual1 sat d[n1 & ! work+ ( ! pit 0 /opp$4 ,:5 reque/$ by ! manag] to give an explanation1 he said t "y ,/eph5son c\ldn't brake1 &1 :at 0 m1 nev] w\ld le>n1 he 0 s clumsy4 ,mr4 ,nixon1 h[ev]1 ord]$ ,locke to g on ) ! "w1 :i* he did2 & ,/eph5son1 aft] "s fur!r practice1 acquir$ ! art ( brake+4 ,aft] work+ at ! ,wat]-r[ ,pit & at o!r eng9es ne> ,newburn = ab\t ?ree ye>s1 ,george & ,coe w5t to ,black ,call]ton e>ly 9 #ahja4 ,?\gh only tw5ty ye>s ( age1 8 employ]s ?\ght s well ( him t !y appo9t$ him to ! responsible (fice ( brakesman at ! ,dolly ,pit4 ,= conv5i5ce' sake1 he took lodg+s at a small f>m]'s 9 ! village1 f9d+ 8 own victuals1 & pay+ s mu* a week = lodg+ & att5dance4 ,9 ! locality ?is 0 call$ pickl9 9 8 awn poke neuk4 ,x n unfrequ5tly happ5s t ! "y workman ab\t ! colli]ies1 :5 select+ a lodg+1 contrives to pit* 8 t5t :]e ! daught] ( ! h\se ultimately becomes 8 wife4 ,?is is (t5 ! real attraction t draws ! y\? f home1 ?\gh a v diff]5t "o may be pret5d$4 ,george ,/eph5son's duties z brakesman may be briefly describ$4 ,! "w 0 some:at monoton\s1 & consi/$ 9 sup]9t5d+ ! work+ ( ! eng9e & ma*9]y by means ( :i* ! coals 7 drawn out ( ! pit4 ,brakesman are almo/ inv>iably select$ f ^? :o h _h consid]able exp]i5ce z eng9e-firem51 & borne a good "* = /ead9ess1 punctuality1 wat*fulness1 & "m wit4 ,9 ,george ,/eph5son's day ! coals 7 drawn out ( ! pit 9 corves1 or l>ge baskets made ( hazel rods4 ,! corves 7 plac$ toge!r 9 a cage1 betwe5 :i* & ! pit-ropes !re 0 usually f fifte5 to tw5ty feet ( *a94 ,! approa* ( ! corves t[>ds ! pit m\? 0 signall$ by a bell1 br\ght into action by a piece ( me*anism work$ f ! %aft ( ! eng9e4 ,:5 ! bell s\nd$1 ! brakesman *eck$ ! spe$1 by tak+ hold ( ! h&-ge> connect$ ) ! /eam-valves1 :i* 7 s arrang$ t by _! means he c\ld regulate ! spe$ ( ! eng9e1 & /op or set x 9 motion :5 requir$4 ,connect$ ) ! fly-:eel 0 a p[]ful wood5 brake1 act+ by pressure aga9/ its rim1 some?+ l ! brake ( a railway-c>riage aga9/ its :eels4 ,on cat*+ sight ( ! *a9 atta*$ to ! asc5d+ corve-cage1 ! brakesman1 by press+ 8 foot ^u a foot-/ep ne> him1 0 enabl$1 ) great precision1 to /op ! revolutions ( ! :eel1 & arre/ ! asc5t ( ! corves at ! pit m\?1 :5 !y 7 =?) l&$ on ! settle bo>d4 ,on ! full corves be+ replac$ by empty ones1 x 0 !n ! duty ( ! brakesman to rev]se ! eng9e1 & s5d ! corves d[n ! pit to be fill$ aga94 ,! monotony ( ,george ,/eph5son's occupation z a brakesman 0 some:at v>i$ by ! *ange :i* he made1 9 8 turn1 f ! day to ! night %ift4 ,8 duty1 on ! latt] occasions1 consi/$ *iefly 9 s5d+ m5 & mat]ials into ! m9e1 & 9 draw+ o!r m5 & mat]ials out4 ,mo/ ( ! workm5 ent] ! pit dur+ ! night %ift1 & leave x 9 ! latt] "p ( ! day1 :il/ coal-draw+ is proce$+4 ,! requirem5ts ( ! "w at night are su*1 t ! brakesman has a good deal ( sp>e "t on 8 h&s1 :i* he is at lib]ty to employ 9 8 own way4 ,f an e>ly p]iod1 ,george 0 accu/om$ to employ ^? vacant night h\rs 9 work+ ! sums set = him by ,&rew ,rob]tson ^u 8 slate1 practis+ writ+ 9 8 copy-book1 & m5d+ ! %oes ( 8 fell[-workm54 ,8 wages :ile work+ at ! ,dolly ,pit am\nt$ to f #a p\nds #aes4 to #b p\nds 9 ! =tnight2 b he gradually add$ to !m z he became m exp]t at %oe-m5d+1 & aft]w>ds at %oe-mak+4 ,probably he 0 /imulat$ to take 9 h& ?is extra "w by ! atta*m5t he _h by ?is "t =m$ = a "y woman nam$ ,fanny ,h5d]son1 :o (ficiat$ z s]vant 9 ! small f>m]'s h\se 9 :i* he lodg$4 ,we h be5 in=m$ t ! p]sonal attractions ( ,fanny1 ?\gh ^! 7 consid]able1 7 ! lea/ ( h] *>ms4 ,mr4 ,william ,fairbairn1 :o aft]w>ds saw h] 9 h] home at ,will+ton ,quay1 describes h] z a v comely woman4 ,b h] temp] 0 "o ( ! sweete/2 & ^? :o knew h] 7 accu/om$ to speak ( ! *>m+ mode/y ( h] demean\r1 h] k9dness ( disposition1 & )al h] s\nd good s5se4 ,among/ 8 v>i\s m5d+s ( old %oes at ,call]ton4 ,george 0 on "o occasion fav\r$ ) ! %oes ( 8 swee!>t to sole4 ,"o c imag9e ! pleasure ) :i* he w\ld l+] ov] su* a piece ( "w1 & ! pride ) :i* he w\ld execute x4 ,a fri5d ( 81 /ill liv+1 relates t1 aft] he _h f9i%$ ! %oes1 he c>ri$ !m ab\t ) him 9 8 pocket on ! ,sunday aft]noon1 & t f "t to "t he w\ld pull !m out & hold !m up1 exclaim+1 :at a capital job he _h made ( !m6 ,out ( 8 e>n+s by %oe-m5d+ at ,call]ton1 ,george contriv$ to save 8 fir/ gu9ea4 ,! fir/ gu9ea sav$ by a work+ man is no trivial ?+4 ,if1 z 9 ,/eph5son's case1 x has be5 ! result ( prud5t self-d5ial1 ( extra lab\r at bye-h\rs1 & ( ! hone/ resolution to save & economise = wor?y purposes1 ! fir/ gu9ea sav$ is an e>ne/ ( bett] ?+s4 ,:5 ,/eph5son _h sav$ ?is gu9ea he 0 n a little elat$ at ! a*ievem5t1 & express$ ! op9ion to a fri5d1 :o _m ye>s aft] rem9d$ him ( x1 t he 0 n[ a ri* man4 ,n long aft] he began to "w at ,black ,call]ton z brakesman1 he _h a qu>rel ) a pitman nam$ ,n$ ,nelson1 a roi/]+ bully1 :o 0 ! t]ror ( ! village4 ,nelson 0 a great fight]2 & x 0 !re=e consid]$ dang]\s to qu>rel ) him4 ,/eph5son 0 s un=tunate z n to be able to please ?is pitman by ! way 9 :i* he drew him out ( ! pit2 & ,nelson swore at him grossly because ( ! alleg$ clums9ess ( 8 brake+4 ,george def5d$ himself1 & appeal$ to ! te/imony ( ! o!r workm54 ,b ,nelson _h n be5 accu/om$ to ,george's /yle ( self-ass]tion2 &1 aft] a great deal ( abuse1 he ?reat5$ to kick ! brakesman1 :o defi$ him to d s4 ,nelson end$ by *all5g+ ,/eph5son to a pit*$ battle2 & ! latt] accept$ ! *all5ge1 :5 a day 0 fix$ on :i* ! fight 0 to come (f4 ,great 0 ! excitem5t at ,black ,call]ton :5 x 0 kn[n t ,george ,/eph5son _h accept$ ,nelson's *all5ge4 ,ev]ybody said he w\ld be kill$4 ,! villag]s1 ! "y m51 & especially ! boys ( ! place1 ) :om ,george 0 a great fav\rite1 all wi%$ t he might beat ,nelson1 b !y sc>cely d>$ to say s4 ,!y came ab\t him :ile he 0 at "w 9 ! eng9e-h\se to inquire if x 0 really true t he 0 go9 to fight ,nelson8 ,ay2 nev] fe> = me2 ,i'll fight him4 ,& fight him he did4 ,= "s days previ\s to ! appo9t$ day ( battle1 ,nelson w5t entirely (f "w = ! purpose ( keep+ himself fre% & /rong1 :]eas ,/eph5son w5t on do+ 8 daily "w z usual1 & appe>$ n 9 ! lea/ disconc]t$ by ! prospect ( ! affair4 ,s1 on ! ev5+ appo9t$1 aft] ,george _h done 8 day's lab\r1 he w5t into ! ,dolly ,pit ,field1 :]e 8 already exult+ rival 0 ready to meet him4 ,george /ripp$1 & w5t 9 l a practis$ pugili/--?\gh x 0 8 fir/ & la/ fight4 ,aft] a few r\nds1 ,george's wiry muscles & practis$ /r5g? enabl$ him sev]ely to puni% 8 adv]s>y1 & to secure an easy victory4 ,?is circum/ance is relat$ 9 illu/ration ( ,/eph5son's p]sonal pluck & c\rage2 & x 0 ?or\ghly *>act]i/ic ( ! man4 ,he 0 no pugili/1 & ! v rev]se ( qu>relsome4 ,b he w\ld n be put d[n by ! bully ( ! colli]y1 & he f\ght him4 ,!re 8 pugilism end$2 !y aft]w>ds %ook h&s1 & cont9u$ good fri5ds4 ,9 aft] life1 ,/eph5son's mettle 0 (t5 z h>dly tri$1 ?\gh 9 a diff]5t way2 & he did n fail to exhibit ! same resolute c\rage 9 cont5d+ ) ! bullies ( ! railway _w1 z he %[$ 9 8 enc\nt] ) ,n$ ,nelson1 ! fight+ pitman ( ,call]ton4 ,picture3 ,colli]y ,:imsey ,picture3 ,/eph5son's ,cottage at ,wall+ton ,quay ,,*apt] ,,iii4 ,,eng9eman ,,at ,,will+ton ,,quay ,,& ,,kill+wor?4 ,george ,/eph5son _h n[ acquir$ ! "* ( an exp]t workman4 ,he 0 dilig5t & obs]vant :ile at "w1 & sob] & /udi\s :5 ! day's "w 0 ov]4 ,8 fri5d ,coe describ$ him to ! au?or z a /&+ example ( manly "*4 ,on pay-,saturday aft]noons1 :5 ! pitm5 held _! =tnightly holiday1 occupy+ !mselves *iefly 9 cock-fight+ & dog-fight+ 9 ! adjo9+ fields1 foll[$ by adj\rnm5ts to ! yel-h\se1 ,george 0 accu/om$ to take 8 eng9e to pieces1 = ! purpose ( obta9+ insight1 & he clean$ all ! p>ts & put ! ma*9e 9 ?or\gh work+ ord] be=e leav+ x4 ,9 ! ev5+s he improv$ himself 9 ! arts ( read+ & writ+1 & occasionally took a turn at modell+4 ,x 0 at ,call]ton1 8 son ,rob]t in=m$ u1 t he began to try 8 h& at orig9al inv5tion2 & = "s "t he appli$ 8 att5tion to a ma*9e ( ! nature ( an eng9e-brake1 :i* rev]s$ itself by its own action4 ,b no?+ came ( ! contrivance1 & x 0 ev5tually ?r[n aside z useless4 ,yet n altoge!r s2 = ev5 ! highe/ skill mu/ und]go ! inevitable discipl9e ( exp]im5t1 & submit to ! :olesome correction ( occasional failure4 ,aft] work+ at ,call]ton = ab\t two ye>s1 he receiv$ an (f] to take *>ge ( ! eng9e on ,will+ton ,balla/ ,hill at an advanc$ wage4 ,he det]m9$ to accept x1 & at ! same "t to m>ry ,fanny ,h5d]son1 & beg9 h\sekeep+ on 8 own acc\nt4 ,?\gh he 0 only tw5ty-"o ye>s old1 he _h contriv$1 by ?rift1 /ead9ess1 & indu/ry1 to save z mu* money z enabl$ him to take a cottage-dwell+ at ,will+ton ,quay1 & furni% x 9 a humble b com=table /yle = ! reception ( 8 bride4 ,will+ton ,quay lies on ! nor? bank ( ! ,tyne1 ab\t six miles bel[ ,newca/le4 ,x consi/s ( a l9e ( h\ses /raggl+ along ! riv]-side2 & high beh9d x t[]s up ! huge m\nd ( balla/ empti$ out ( ! %ips :i* resort to ! quay = _! c>goes ( coal = ! ,london m>ket4 ,! balla/ is ?r[n out ( ! %ips' holds into waggons laid alongside1 :i* are run up to ! summit ( ! ,balla/ ,hill1 & empti$ out !re4 ,at ! foot ( ! great m\nd ( %ot rubbi% 0 ! fix$ eng9e ( :i* ,george ,/eph5son act$ z brakesman4 ,! cottage 9 :i* he took up 8 abode 0 a small two-/ori$ dwell+1 /&+ a little back f ! quay ) a bit ( g>d5 gr\nd 9 front4 #cc ,! ,/eph5son family occupi$ ! upp] room 9 ! we/ end ( ! cottage4 ,close beh9d rose ! ,balla/ ,hill4 ,:5 ! cottage dwell+ _h be5 made snug1 & 0 ready = occupation1 ! m>riage took place4 ,x 0 celebrat$ 9 ,newburn ,*ur*1 on ! #bh? ( ,novemb]1 #ahjb4 ,aft] ! c]emony1 ,george1 ) 8 newly-w$d$ wife1 proce$$ to ! h\se ( 8 fa!r at ,jolly's ,close4 ,! old man 0 n[ becom+ infirm1 &1 ?\gh he /ill work$ z an eng9e-fireman1 contriv$ ) difficulty to keep 8 head above wat]4 ,:5 ! visit _h be5 paid1 ! bridal p>ty set out = _! new home at ,will+ton ,quay1 :i!r !y w5t 9 a mann] q common be=e travell+ by railway came into use4 ,two f>m horses1 borr[$ f a neighb\r+ f>m]1 7 ea* provid$ ) a saddle & pillion1 & ,george hav+ m\nt$ "o1 8 wife seat$ h]self beh9d him1 hold+ on by 8 wai/4 ,! bridesman & bridesmaid 9 l mann] m\nt$ ! o!r horse2 & 9 ?is wise ! w$d+ p>ty rode across ! c\ntry1 pass+ ?r\gh ! old /reets ( ,newca/le1 & !n by ,walls5d to ,will+ton ,quay--a ride ( ab\t fifte5 miles4 ,george ,/eph5son's daily life at ,will+ton 0 t ( a /eady workman4 ,by ! mann]1 h[ev]1 9 :i* he cont9u$ to improve 8 sp>e h\rs 9 ! ev5+1 he 0 sil5tly & surely pav+ ! way = be+ some?+ m ?an a manual lab\r]4 ,he set himself to /udy dilig5tly ! pr9ciples ( me*anics1 & to ma/] ! laws by :i* 8 eng9e work$4 ,= a workman1 he 0 ev5 at t "t m ?an ord9>ily speculative--(t5 tak+ up /range !ories1 & try+ to sift out ! tru? t 0 9 !m4 ,:ile sitt+ by 8 wife's side 9 8 cottage-dwell+ 9 ! w9t] ev5+s1 he 0 usually occupi$ 9 /udy+ me*anical subjects1 or 9 modell+ exp]im5tal ma*9es4 ,among/ 8 v>i\s speculations :ile at ,will+ton1 he tri$ to discov] a means ( ,p]petual ,motion4 ,al?\gh he fail$1 z s _m o!rs _h done be=e him1 ! v ef=ts he made t5d$ to :et 8 inv5tive faculties1 & to call =? 8 dormant p[]s4 ,he w5t s f> z to con/ruct ! model ( a ma*9e = ! purpose4 ,x consi/$ ( a wood5 :eel1 ! p]iph]y ( :i* 0 furni%$ ) glass tubes fill$ ) quicksilv]2 z ! :eel rotat$1 ! quicksilv] p\r$ itself d[n into ! l[] tubes1 & ?us a sort ( self-act+ motion 0 kept up 9 ! app>atus1 :i*1 h[ev]1 did n prove to be p]petual4 ,:]e he _h fir/ obta9$ ! idea ( ?is ma*9e--:e!r f conv]sation or read+1 is n kn[n2 b 8 son ,rob]t 0 ( op9ion t he _h he>d ( ! app>atus ( ?is k9d describ$ 9 ! ,hi/ory ( ,inv5tions4 ,z he _h !n no access to books1 & inde$ c\ld b>ely read ) ease1 x is probable t he _h be5 told ( ! contrivance1 & set ab\t te/+ its value accord+ to 8 own me?ods4 ,mu* ( 8 sp>e "t cont9u$ to be occupi$ by lab\r m imm$iately pr(itable1 reg>d$ 9 a pecuni>y po9t ( view4 ,9 ! ev5+s1 aft] 8 day's lab\r at 8 eng9e1 he w\ld occasionally employ himself = an h\r or two 9 ca/+ balla/ out ( ! colli] %ips1 by :i* means he 0 enabl$ to e>n a few extra %ill+s weekly4 ,mr4 ,william ,fairbairn ( ,man*e/] has in=m$ u t :ile ,/eph5son 0 employ$ at ,will+ton1 he himself 0 work+ 9 ! neighb\rhood z an eng9e appr5tice at ! ,p]cy ,ma9 ,colli]y4 ,he 0 v fond ( ,george1 :o 0 a f9e1 he>ty fell[1 besides be+ a capital workman4 ,9 ! summ] ev5+s "y ,fairbairn 0 accu/om$ to g d[n to ! ,quay to see 8 fri5d1 & on su* occasions he w\ld frequ5tly take *>ge ( ,george's eng9e :ile he took a turn at heav+ balla/ out ( ! %ips' holds4 ,x is pleasant to ?9k ( ! future ,presid5t ( ! ,briti% ,association ?us help+ ! future ,railway ,eng9e] to e>n a few extra %ill+s by ov]work 9 ! ev5+s1 at a "t :5 bo? occupi$ ! rank ( humble work+ m5 9 an obscure nor!rn village4 ,mr4 ,fairbairn 0 also a frequ5t visitor at ,george's cottage on ! ,quay1 :]e1 ?\gh !re 0 no luxury1 !re 0 com=t1 cleanl9ess1 & a p]vad+ _s ( indu/ry4 ,ev5 at home ,george 0 nev] = a mom5t idle4 ,:5 !re 0 no balla/ to heave out at ! ,quay he took 9 %oes to m5d2 & f m5d+ he proce$$ to mak+ !m1 z well z %oe-la/s1 9 :i* he 0 admitt$ to be v exp]t4 ,b an accid5t occurr$ 9 ,/eph5son's h\sehold ab\t ?is "t1 :i* _h ! effect ( direct+ 8 indu/ry into a new & /ill m pr(itable *annel4 ,! cottage *imney took fire "o day 9 8 abs5ce1 :5 ! al>m$ neighb\rs1 ru%+ 91 ?rew quantities ( wat] ^u ! flames2 & "s1 9 _! zeal1 ev5 m\nt$ ! ridge ( ! h\se1 & p\r$ buckets ( wat] d[n ! *imney4 ,! fire 0 soon put out1 b ! h\se 0 ?or\ghly soak$4 ,:5 ,george came home he f\nd ev]y?+ 9 disord]1 & 8 new furniture cov]$ ) soot4 ,! eight-day clock1 :i* hung aga9/ ! wall--"o ( ! mo/ highly-priz$ articles 9 ! h\se--0 mu* damag$ by ! /eam ) :i* ! room _h be5 fill$2 & its :eels 7 s clogg$ by ! du/ & soot t x 0 br\ght to a complete /&/ill4 ,george 0 always ready to turn 8 h& to any?+1 & 8 +5uity1 nev] at fault1 imm$iately set to "w to repair ! un=tunate clock4 ,he 0 advis$ to s5d x to ! clockmak]1 b t w\ld co/ money2 & he decl>$ t he w\ld repair x himself--at lea/ he w\ld try4 ,! clock 0 accord+ly tak5 to pieces & clean$2 ! tools :i* he _h be5 accumulat+ = ! purpose ( con/ruct+ 8 ,p]petual ,motion ma*9e1 enabl$ him to d ?is readily2 & he succe$$ s well t1 %ortly aft]1 ! neighb\rs s5t him _! clocks to clean1 & he soon became "o ( ! mo/ fam\s clock-doctors 9 ! neighb\rhood4 ,x 0 :ile liv+ at ,will+ton ,quay t ,george ,/eph5son's only son 0 born1 on ! #af? ( ,octob]1 #ahjc4 ,! *ild 0 a great fav\rite ) 8 fa!r1 & add$ mu* to ! happ9ess ( 8 ev5+ h\rs4 ,george's philoprog5itiv5ess1 z phr5ologi/s call x1 _h be5 ex]cis$ hi!rto ^u birds1 dogs1 rabbits1 & ev5 ! poor old g9-horses :i* he _h driv5 at ! ,call]ton ,pit2 b 9 8 boy he n[ f\nd a mu* m g5ial object = ! ex]cise ( 8 affection4 ,! *ri/5+ took place 9 ! s*ool-h\se at ,walls5d1 ! old p>i% *ur* be+ at ! "t 9 s dilapidat$ a condition f ! creep+ or subsid5ce ( ! gr\nd1 consequ5t ^u ! excavation ( ! coal1 t x 0 consid]$ dang]\s to ent] x4 ,on ?is occasion1 ,rob]t ,gray & ,anne ,h5d]son1 :o _h (ficiat$ z bridesman & bridesmaid at ! w$d+1 came ov] aga9 to ,will+ton1 & /ood godfa!r & godmo!r to little ,rob]t1--s nam$ aft] 8 gr&fa!r4 ,aft] work+ = sev]al ye>s m z a brakesman at ! ,will+ton ma*9e1 ,george ,/eph5son 0 induc$ to leave 8 situation !re = a simil> "o at ! ,we/ ,moor ,colli]y1 ,kill+wor?4 ,x 0 n )\t consid]able p]suasion t he 0 induc$ to leave ! ,quay1 z he knew t he %\ld !reby give up ! *ance ( e>n+ extra money by ca/+ balla/ f ! keels4 ,at la/1 h[ev]1 he cons5t$1 9 ! hope ( mak+ up ! loss 9 "s o!r way4 ,! village ( ,kill+wor? lies ab\t sev5 miles nor? ( ,newca/le1 & is "o ( ! be/-kn[n colli]ies 9 t neighb\rhood4 ,! work+s ( ! coal are ( va/ ext5t1 & give employm5t to a l>ge numb] ( "w-p4 ,to ?is place ,/eph5son fir/ came z a brakesman ab\t ! beg9n+ ( #ahje4 ,he _h n be5 long 9 8 new place1 ere 8 wife di$ 79 #ahjf71 %ortly aft] giv+ bir? to a daught]1 :o surviv$ ! "m only a few mon?s4 ,george deeply felt ! loss ( 8 wife1 = !y _h be5 v happy toge!r4 ,_! lot _h be5 sweet5$ by daily successful toil4 ,! husb& 0 sob] & h>d-work+1 & 8 wife made 8 he>? s bright & 8 home s snug1 t no attraction c\ld draw him f h] side 9 ! ev5+ h\rs4 ,b ?is dome/ic happ9ess 0 all to pass away2 & ,george felt z "o t _h !nce=? to tread ! j\rney ( life alone4 ,picture3 ,we/ ,moor ,colli]y ,%ortly aft] ?is ev5t1 :ile 8 grief 0 /ill fre%1 he receiv$ an invitation f "s g5tlem5 conc]n$ 9 l>ge sp9n+ works ne> ,montrose 9 ,scotl&1 to proce$ ?i!r & sup]9t5d ! work+ ( "o ( ,b\lton & ,watt's eng9es4 ,he accept$ ! (f]1 & made arrangem5ts to leave ,kill+wor? = a "t4 ,hav+ left 8 little boy 9 good keep+1 he set out ^u 8 long j\rney to ,scotl& on foot1 ) 8 kit ^u 8 back4 ,:ile work+ at ,montrose he gave a /rik+ pro( ( t practical ability 9 contrivance = :i* he 0 aft]w>ds s di/+ui%$4 ,x appe>s t ! wat] requir$ = ! purposes ( 8 eng9e1 z well z = ! use ( ! works1 0 pump$ f a consid]able dep?1 be+ suppli$ f ! adjac5t ext5sive s& /rata4 ,! pumps frequ5tly got *ok$ by ! s& drawn 9 at ! bottom ( ! well ?r\gh ! snore-holes1 or ap]tures ?r\gh :i* ! wat] to be rais$ is admitt$4 ,! b>rels soon became worn1 & ! bucket & clack lea!rs de/roy$1 s t x became necess>y to devise a rem$y2 & ) ?is object ! eng9eman proce$$ to adopt ! foll[+ simple b orig9al exp$i5t4 ,he _h a wood5 box or boot made1 twelve feet high1 :i* he plac$ 9 ! sump or well1 & into ?is he ins]t$ ! l[] end ( ! pump4 ,! result 01 t ! wat] fl[$ cle> f ! out] "p ( ! well ov] into ! boot1 & be+ drawn up )\t any admixture ( s&1 ! difficulty 0 ?us conqu]$4 #ch ,be+ paid good wages1 ,/eph5son contriv$1 dur+ ! ye> he work$ at ,montrose1 to save a sum ( #bh p\nds1 :i* he took back ) him to ,kill+wor?4 ,long+ to get back to 8 k9dr$1 8 he>t ye>n+ = ! son :om he _h left beh9d1 our eng9eman took leave ( 8 employ]s1 & trudg$ back to ,nor?umb]l& on foot z he _h gone4 ,:ile on 8 j\rney s\?w>d he arriv$ late "o ev5+1 footsore & we>i$1 at ! door ( a small f>m]'s cottage1 at :i* he knock$1 & reque/$ %elt] = ! night4 ,x 0 refus$1 & !n he entreat$ t1 be+ tir$1 & unable to proce$ fur!r1 ! f>m] w\ld p]mit him to lie d[n 9 ! ou?\se1 = t a little clean /raw w\ld s]ve him4 ,! f>m]'s wife appe>$ at ! door1 look$ at ! travell]1 !n retir+ ) h] husb&1 ! two confabulat$ a little ap>t1 & f9ally !y invit$ ,/eph5son into ! cottage4 ,always full ( conv]sation & anecdote1 he soon made himself at home 9 ! f>m]'s family1 & sp5t ) !m a few pleasant h\rs4 ,he 0 hospitably ent]ta9$ = ! night1 & :5 he left ! cottage 9 ! morn+1 he press$ !m to make "s *>ge = 8 lodg+1 b !y refus$ to accept any recomp5se4 ,!y only ask$ him to rememb] !m k9dly1 & if he ev] came t way1 to be sure & call aga94 ,_m ye>s aft]1 :5 ,/eph5son _h become a ?riv+ man1 he did n =get ! humble pair :o _h succ\r$ & ent]ta9$ him on 8 way2 he s\ght _! cottage aga91 :5 age _h silv]$ _! hair2 & :5 he left ! ag$ c\ple1 !y may h be5 rem9d$ ( ! old say+ t we may sometimes ent]ta9 angels unaw>es4 ,rea*+ home1 ,/eph5son f\nd t 8 fa!r _h met ) a s]i\s accid5t at ! ,blu*] ,pit1 :i* _h r$uc$ him to great di/ress & pov]ty4 ,:ile engag$ 9 ! inside ( an eng9e1 mak+ "s repairs1 a fell[-workman accid5tally let 9 ! /eam ^u him4 ,! bla/ /ruck him full 9 ! face2 he 0 t]ribly scor*$1 & 8 eyesight 0 irretrievably lo/4 ,! helpless & infirm man _h /ruggl$ = a "t ) pov]ty2 8 sons :o 7 at home1 poor z himself1 7 little able to help him1 :ile ,george 0 at a di/ance 9 ,scotl&4 ,on 8 return1 h[ev]1 ) 8 sav+s 9 8 pocket1 8 fir/ /ep 0 to pay (f 8 fa!r's debts1 am\nt+ to ab\t #ae p\nds2 & %ortly aft] he remov$ ! ag$ pair f ,jolly's ,close to a com=table cottage adjo9+ ! tramroad ne> ! ,we/ ,moor at ,kill+wor?1 :]e ! old man liv$ = _m ye>s1 support$ entirely by 8 son4 ,/eph5son 0 aga9 tak5 on z a brakesman at ! ,we/ ,moor ,pit4 ,he does n seem to h be5 v hopeful z to 8 prospects 9 life ab\t ?is "t 7#ahjg-h74 ,inde$ ! condition ( ! work+ class g5]ally 0 v disc\rag+4 ,engl& 0 engag$ 9 a great w>1 :i* press$ ^u ! indu/ry1 & sev]ely tri$ ! res\rces1 ( ! c\ntry4 ,!re 0 a con/ant dem& = m5 to fill ! army4 ,! work+ p 7 also liable to be press$ = ! navy1 or drawn = ! militia2 & ?\gh !y c\ld n fail to be discont5t$ "u su* circum/ances1 !y sc>cely d>$ ev5 to mutt] _! discont5t to _! neighb\rs4 ,/eph5son 0 drawn = ! militia3 he mu/ !re=e ei!r quit 8 "w & g a-soldi]+1 or f9d a sub/itute4 ,he adopt$ ! latt] c\rse1 & borr[$ #f p\nds1 :i*1 ) ! rema9d] ( 8 sav+s1 enabl$ him to provide a militiaman to s]ve 9 8 /ead4 ,?us ! :ole ( 8 h>d-won e>n+s 7 swept away at a /roke4 ,he 0 almo/ 9 despair1 & contemplat$ ! idea ( leav+ ! c\ntry1 & emigrat+ to ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,al?\gh a voyage ?i!r 0 !n a mu* m =midable ?+ = a work+ man to accompli% ?an a voyage to ,au/ralia is n[1 he s]i\sly ent]ta9$ ! project1 & _h all b made up 8 m9d to g4 ,8 si/] ,ann1 ) h] husb&1 emigrat$ ab\t t "t1 b ,george c\ld n raise ! requisite money1 & !y dep>t$ )\t him4 ,aft] all1 x w5t sore aga9/ 8 he>t to leave 8 home & 8 k9dr$1 ! sc5es ( 8 y\? & ! fri5ds ( 8 boyhood2 & he /ruggl$ long ) ! idea1 brood+ ov] x 9 sorr[4 ,speak+ aft]w>ds to a fri5d ( 8 ?\ghts at ! "t1 he said3 ,y "k ! road f my h\se at ! ,we/ ,moor to ,kill+wor?4 ,i rememb] once :5 ,i w5t along t road ,i wept bitt]ly1 = ,i knew n :]e my lot 9 life w\ld be ca/4 ,9 #ahjh1 ,/eph5son1 ) two o!r brakesm51 took a small contract "u ! colli]y lessees = brake+ ! eng9es at ! ,we/ ,moor ,pit4 ,! brakesm5 f\nd ! oil & tall[2 !y divid$ ! "w among/ !m1 & 7 paid s mu* p] score = _! lab\r4 ,x 0 ! int]e/ ( ! brakesm5 to economise ! work+ z mu* z possible1 & ,george no soon] ent]$ ^u ! contract ?an he proce$$ to devise ways & means ( mak+ x pay4 ,he obs]v$ t ! ropes :i*1 at o!r pits 9 ! neighb\rhood1 la/$ ab\t ?ree mon?s1 at ! ,we/ ,moor ,pit became worn out 9 ab\t a mon?4 ,he imm$iately set ab\t asc]ta9+ ! cause ( ! defect2 & f9d+ x to be occasion$ by excessive friction1 he proce$$1 ) ! sanction ( ! head eng9e-wright & ! colli]y own]s1 to %ift ! pulley-:eels & re-arrange ! ge>+1 :i* _h ! effect ( greatly dim9i%+ ! te> & we>1 besides all[+ ! "w ( ! colli]y to proce$ )\t int]ruption4 ,ab\t ! same "t he attempt$ an improvem5t 9 ! w9d+-eng9e :i* he work$1 by plac+ a valve betwe5 ! air-pump & cond5s]4 ,?is exp$i5t1 al?\gh x l$ to no practical result1 %[$ t 8 m9d 0 actively engag$ 9 /udy+ new me*anical adaptations4 ,x cont9u$ to be 8 regul> habit1 on ,saturdays1 to take 8 eng9e to pieces1 = ! purpose1 at ! same "t1 ( famili>is+ himself ) its action1 & ( plac+ x 9 a /ate ( ?or\gh work+ ord]4 ,by ma/]+ its details1 he 0 enabl$1 z opportunity occurr$1 to turn to practical acc\nt ! k he ?us dilig5tly & pati5tly acquir$4 ,su* an opportunity 0 n long 9 pres5t+ itself4 ,9 ! ye> #ahaj1 a new pit 0 sunk by ! ,gr& ,allies 7! lessees ( ! m9es7 at ! village ( ,kill+wor?1 n[ kn[n z ! ,kill+wor? ,high ,pit4 ,an atmosph]ic or ,newcom5 eng9e1 made by ,smeaton1 0 fix$ !re = ! purpose ( pump+ out ! wat] f ! %aft2 b someh[ x fail$ to cle> ! pit4 ,z "o ( ! workm5 has s9ce describ$ ! circum/ance--,%e c\ldn't keep h] jack-head 9 wat]3 all ! eng9em5 9 ! neighb\rhood 7 tri$1 z well z ,cr[!r ( ! ,ouseburn1 b !y 7 clean bet4 ,! eng9e _h be5 fruitlessly pump+ = ne>ly twelve mon?s1 & began to be spok5 ( z a total failure4 ,/eph5son _h gone to look at x :5 9 c\rse ( erection1 & !n obs]v$ to ! ov]-man t he ?\ght x 0 defective2 he also gave x z 8 op9ion t1 if !re 7 mu* wat] 9 ! m9e1 ! eng9e w\ld nev] keep x "u4 ,( c\rse1 z he 0 only a brakesman1 8 op9ion 0 consid]$ to be wor? v little on su* a po9t4 ,he cont9u$1 h[ev]1 to make frequ5t visits to ! eng9e1 to see h[ %e 0 gett+ on4 ,f ! bank-head :]e he work$ 8 brake he c\ld see ! *imney smok+ at ! ,high ,pit2 & z ! m5 7 pass+ to & f _! "w1 he w\ld call out & inquire if !y _h gott5 to ! bottom yet8 ,& ! reply 0 always to ! same effect--! pump+ made no progress1 & ! workm5 7 /ill dr[n$ out4 ,"o ,saturday aft]noon he w5t ov] to ! ,high ,pit to exam9e ! eng9e m c>efully ?an he _h yet done4 ,he _h be5 turn+ ! subject ov] ?\ghtfully 9 8 m9d2 & seem$ to h satisfi$ himself z to ! cause ( ! failure4 ,kit ,heppel1 "o ( ! s9k]s1 ask$ him1 ,weel1 ,george1 :at d y mak' o' h]8 ,d y ?9k y c\ld d any?+ to improve h]8 ,said ,george1 ,i c\ld alt] h]1 man1 & make h] draw3 9 a week's "t ,i c\ld s5d y to ! bottom4 ,=?) ,heppel report$ ?is conv]sation to ,ralph ,dodds1 ! head view]1 :o1 be+ n[ q 9 despair1 & hopeless ( succe$+ ) ! eng9e1 det]m9$ to give ,george's skill a trial4 ,at ! wor/ he c\ld only fail1 z ! re/ _h done4 ,9 ! ev5+1 ,dodds w5t 9 se>* ( ,/eph5son1 & met him on ! road1 dress$ 9 8 ,sunday's suit1 on ! way to ! prea*+ 9 ! ,me?odi/ ,*apel1 :i* he att5d$4 ,well1 ,george1 said ,dodds1 !y tell me t y ?9k y c put ! eng9e at ! ,high ,pit to rights4 ,yes1 sir1 said ,george4 ,i ?9k ,i c\ld4 ,if t's ! case1 ,i'll give y a fair trial1 & y mu/ set to "w imm$iately4 ,we are clean dr[n$ out1 & _c get a /op fur!r4 ,! eng9e]s h]eab\ts are all bet2 & if y really succe$ 9 accompli%+ :at !y _c d1 y may dep5d ^u x ,i w make y a man = life4 ,/eph5son began 8 op]ations e>ly next morn+4 ,! only condition t he made1 be=e sett+ to "w1 0 t he %\ld select 8 own workm54 ,!re 01 z he knew1 a good deal ( jeal\sy among/ ! regul> m5 t a colli]y brakesman %\ld pret5d to "k m ab\t _! eng9e ?an !y !mselves did1 & attempt to rem$y defects :i* ! mo/ skill$ m5 ( _! craft1 includ+ ! eng9e] ( ! colli]y1 _h fail$ to d4 ,b ,george made ! condition a s9e qua non4 ,! workm51 said he1 mu/ ei!r be all ,:igs or all ,tories4 ,!re 0 no help = x1 s ,dodds ord]$ ! old h&s to /& aside4 ,! m5 grumbl$1 b gave way2 & !n ,george & 8 p>ty w5t 94 ,! eng9e 0 tak5 entirely to pieces4 ,! ci/]n conta9+ ! injection wat] 0 rais$ t5 feet2 ! injection cock1 be+ too small1 0 enl>g$ to ne>ly d\ble its =m] size1 & x 0 s arrang$ t x %\ld be %ut (f quickly at ! beg9n+ ( ! /roke4 ,^! & o!r alt]ations 7 necess>ily p]=m$ 9 a r\gh way1 b1 z ! result prov$1 on true pr9ciples4 ,/eph5son also1 f9d+ t ! boil] w\ld be> a great] pressure ?an five p\nds to ! in*1 det]m9$ to "w x at a pressure ( t5 p\nds1 ?\gh ?is 0 contr>y to ! directions ( bo? ,newcom5 & ,smeaton4 ,! necess>y alt]ations 7 made 9 ab\t ?ree days1 & _m p]sons came to see ! eng9e />t1 includ+ ! m5 :o _h put h] up4 ,! pit be+ ne>ly full ( wat]1 %e _h little to d on />t+1 &1 to use ,george's words1 came b\nce into ! h\se4 ,dodds exclaim$1 ,:y1 %e 0 bett] z %e 02 n[1 %e w knock ! h\se d[n4 ,aft] a %ort "t1 h[ev]1 ! eng9e got fairly to "w1 & by t5 o'clock t night ! wat] 0 l[] 9 ! pit ?an x _h ev] be5 be=e4 ,x 0 kept pump+ all ,?ursday1 & by ! ,friday aft]noon ! pit 0 cle>$ ( wat]1 & ! workm5 7 s5t to ! bottom1 z ,/eph5son _h promis$4 ,?us ! alt]ations effect$ 9 ! pump+ app>atus prov$ completely successful4 ,dodds 0 p>ticul>ly gratifi$ ) ! mann] 9 :i* ! job _h be5 done1 & he made ,/eph5son a pres5t ( t5 p\nds1 :i*1 ?\gh v inadequate :5 comp>$ ) ! value ( ! "w p]=m$1 0 accept$ ) gratitude4 ,george 0 pr\d ( ! gift z ! fir/ m>k$ recognition ( 8 skill z a workman2 & he us$ aft]w>ds to say t x 0 ! bigge/ sum ( money he _h up to t "t e>n$ 9 "o lump4 ,ralph ,dodds1 h[ev]1 did m ?an ?is4 ,he releas$ ! brakesman f ! h&les ( 8 eng9e at ,we/ ,moot1 & appo9t$ him eng9eman at ! ,high ,pit1 at good wages1 dur+ ! "t ! pit 0 s9k+1--! job la/+ = ab\t a ye>2 & he also kept him 9 m9d = fur!r advancem5t4 ,/eph5son's skill z an eng9e-doctor soon became nois$ abroad1 & he 0 call$ ^u to prescribe rem$ies = all ! old1 :eezy1 & ineffective pump+-ma*9es 9 ! neighb\rhood4 ,9 ?is capacity he soon left ! regul> m5 f> beh9d1 ?\gh !y 9 _! turn 7 v ma* dispos$ to treat ! ,kill+wor? brakesman z no bett] ?an a quack4 ,nev]!less1 8 practice 0 really f\nd$ ^u a close /udy ( ! pr9ciples ( me*anics1 & on an intimate practical acqua9tance ) ! details ( ! pump+-eng9e4 ,ano!r ( 8 small] a*ievem5ts 9 ! same l9e is /ill told by ! p ( ! di/rict4 ,at ! corn] ( ! road lead+ to ,long ,b5ton1 !re 0 a qu>ry f :i* a peculi> & sc>ce k9d ( o*re 0 tak54 ,9 ! c\rse ( work+ x out1 ! wat] _h collect$ 9 consid]able quantities2 & !re be+ no means ( dra9+ x (f1 x accumulat$ to su* an ext5t t ! fur!r work+ ( ! o*re 0 almo/ entirely /opp$4 ,ord9>y pumps 7 tri$1 & fail$2 & !n a w9dmill 0 tri$1 & fail$ too4 ,on ?is1 ,george 0 ask$ :at ought to be done to cle> ! qu>ry ( ! wat]4 ,he said1 he w\ld set up = !m an eng9e little bigg] ?an a kail-pot1 t w\ld cle> !m out 9 a week4 ,& he did s4 ,a little eng9e 0 spe$ily erect$1 by means ( :i* ! qu>ry 0 pump$ dry 9 ! c\rse ( a few days4 ,?us 8 skill z a pump-doctor soon became ! m>vel ( ! di/rict4 ,9 ela/ic muscul> vig\r1 ,/eph5son 0 n[ 9 8 prime1 & he /ill cont9u$ to be zeal\s 9 measur+ 8 /r5g? & agility ) 8 fell[ workm54 ,! competitive elem5t 9 8 nature 0 always /rong2 & 8 success 9 ^! feats ( rivalry 0 c]ta9ly rem>kable4 ,few1 if any1 c\ld lift su* weights1 ?r[ ! hamm] & putt ! /one s f>1 or cov] s great a space at a /&+ or runn+ leap4 ,"o day1 betwe5 ! eng9e h\r & ! rope-roll+ h\r1 ,kit ,heppel *all5g$ him to leap f "o high wall to ano!r1 ) a deep gap betwe54 ,to ,heppel's surprise & dismay1 ,george took ! /&+ leap1 & cle>$ ! elev5 feet at a b\nd4 ,_h 8 eye be5 less accurate1 or 8 limbs less agile & sure1 ! feat mu/ h co/ him 8 life4 ,b s full ( r$undant muscul> vig\r 0 he1 t leap+1 putt+1 or ?r[+ ! hamm] 7 n en\gh = him4 ,he 0 also ambiti\s ( rid+ on horseback1 &1 z he _h n yet be5 promot$ to an (fice enabl+ him to keep a horse ( 8 own1 he sometimes borr[$ "o ( ! g9-horses = a ride4 ,on "o ( ^! occasions1 he br\ght ! animal back reek+2 :5 ,tommy ,mit*eson1 ! bank horse-keep]1 a r\gh-spok5 fell[1 exclaim$ to him3 ,set su* fell[s z y on horseback1 & y'll soon ride to ! ,de'il4 ,b ,tommy ,mit*eson liv$ to tell ! joke1 & to confess t1 aft] all1 !re _h be5 a bett] issue to ,george's horseman%ip ?an t :i* he pr$ict$4 ,old ,cree1 ! eng9e-wright at ,kill+wor? ,high ,pit1 hav+ be5 kill$ by an accid5t1 ,george ,/eph5son 01 9 #ahab1 appo9t$ eng9e-wright ( ! colli]y at ! sal>y ( #ajj p\nds a ye>4 ,he 0 also all[$ ! use ( a gall[ay to ride ^u 9 8 visits ( inspection to ! colli]ies leas$ by ! ,gr& ,allies 9 t neighb\rhood4 ,! ,gr& ,allies 7 a company ( g5tlem51 consi/+ ( ,sir ,?omas ,liddell 7aft]w>ds ,"l ,rav5swor?71 ! ,e>l ( ,/ra?more1 & ,mr4 ,/u>t ,wortley 7aft]w>ds ,"l ,:>ncliffe71 ! lessees ( ! ,kill+wor? colli]ies4 ,hav+ be5 in=m$ ( ! m]its ( ,/eph5son1 ( 8 indefatigable indu/ry1 & ! skill :i* he _h display$ 9 ! repairs ( ! pump+-eng9es1 !y readily acc$$ to ,mr4 ,dodds' recomm5dation t he %\ld be appo9t$ ! colli]y eng9e-wright2 &1 z we %all aft]w>ds f9d1 !y cont9u$ to hon\r him by di/+ui%$ m>ks ( _! approval4 ,picture3 ,kill+wor? ,high ,pit ,picture3 ,glebe ,f>m ,h\se1 ,b5ton ,,*apt] ,,iv4 ,,! ,,/eph5sons ,,at ,,kill+wor?--,,education ,,& ,,self-,,education ,,( ,,fa!r ,,& ,,son4 ,george ,/eph5son _h n[ be5 dilig5tly employ$ = sev]al ye>s 9 ! "w ( self-improvem5t1 & he exp]i5c$ ! usual results 9 increas+ m5tal /r5g?1 capability1 & skill4 ,p]haps ! secret ( e man's be/ success is to be f\nd 9 ! alacrity & indu/ry ) :i* he takes advantage ( ! opportunities :i* pres5t !mselves = well-do+4 ,our eng9eman 0 an em95t illu/ration ( ! importance ( cultivat+ ?is habit ( life4 ,e sp>e mom5t 0 laid "u contribution by him1 ei!r = ! purpose ( add+ to 8 e>n+s1 or to 8 k4 ,he miss$ no opportunity ( ext5d+ 8 obs]vations1 especially 9 8 own dep>tm5t ( "w1 ev] aim+ at improvem5t1 & try+ to turn all t he did "k to useful practical acc\nt4 ,he cont9u$ 8 attempts to solve ! my/]y ( ,p]petual ,motion1 & contriv$ sev]al model ma*9es ) ! object ( embody+ 8 ideas 9 a practical work+ %ape4 ,he aft]w>ds us$ to lam5t ! "t he _h lo/ 9 ^! futile ef=ts1 & said t if he _h enjoy$ ! opportunity :i* mo/ "y m5 n[ h1 ( le>n+ f books :at previ\s exp]im5t]s _h accompli%$1 he w\ld h be5 sp>$ mu* lab\r & mortification4 ,n be+ acqua9t$ ) :at o!r me*anics _h done1 he grop$ 8 way 9 pursuit ( "s idea orig9at$ by 8 own indep5d5t ?9k+ & obs]vation2 &1 :5 he _h br\ght x into "s def9ite =m1 lo6 he f\nd t 8 suppos$ inv5tion _h long be5 kn[n & record$ 9 sci5tific books4 ,(t5 he ?\ght he _h hit ^u discov]ies1 :i* he subsequ5tly f\nd 7 b old & explod$ fallacies4 ,yet 8 v /ruggle to ov]come ! difficulties :i* lay 9 8 way1 0 ( itself an education ( ! be/ sort4 ,by wre/l+ ) !m1 he /r5g!n$ 8 judgm5t & %>p5$ 8 skill1 /imulat+ & cultivat+ 8 inv5tiv5ess & me*anical +5uity4 ,be+ v mu* 9 e>ne/1 he 0 compell$ to consid] ! subject ( 8 special inquiry 9 all its relations2 & ?us he gradually acquir$ practical ability ev5 ?r\gh 8 v ef=ts aft] ! impracticable4 ,_m ( 8 ev5+s 7 n[ sp5t 9 ! society ( ,john ,wigham1 ^: fa!r occupi$ ! ,glebe ,f>m at ,b5ton1 close at h&4 ,john 0 a fair p5man & a s\nd ari?metician1 & ,/eph5son s\ght 8 society *iefly = ! purpose ( improv+ himself 9 writ+ & figures4 ,"u ,&rew ,rob]tson1 he _h nev] q ma/]$ ! ,rule ( ,?ree1 & x 0 only :5 ,wigham took him 9 h& t he made mu* progress 9 ! high] bran*es ( ari?metic4 ,he g5]ally took 8 slate ) him to ! ,wighams' cottage1 :5 he _h 8 sums set1 t he might "w !m out :ile t5d+ 8 eng9e on ! foll[+ day4 ,:5 too busy to be able to call ^u ,wigham1 he s5t ! slate to h ! =m] sums correct$ & new ones set4 ,sometimes also1 at leisure mom5ts1 he 0 enabl$ to d a little figur+ ) *alk ^u ! sides ( ! coal-waggons4 ,s mu* pati5t p]sev]ance c\ld n b ev5tually succe$2 & by d9t ( practice & /udy1 ,/eph5son 0 enabl$ to ma/] successively ! v>i\s rules ( ari?metic4 ,john ,wigham 0 ( great use to 8 pupil 9 _m ways4 ,he 0 a good talk]1 fond ( argum5t1 an ext5sive read] z c\ntry read+ w5t 9 ^? days1 & a v sugge/ive ?9k]4 ,?\gh 8 /ore ( in=mation might be comp>atively small :5 measur$ ) t ( m highly-cultivat$ m9ds1 mu* ( x 0 entirely new to ,/eph5son1 :o reg>d$ him z a v clev] & +5i\s p]son4 ,wigham taught him to draw plans & sections2 ?\gh 9 ?is bran* ,/eph5son prov$ s apt t he soon surpass$ 8 ma/]4 ,a volume ( ',f]guson's ,lectures on ,me*anics1' :i* fell into _! h&s1 0 a great treasure to bo? ! /ud5ts4 ,"o :o rememb]s _! ev5+ occupations says he us$ to wond] :at !y meant by weigh+ ! air & wat] 9 s odd a way4 ,!y 7 try+ ! specific gravities ( objects2 & ! devices :i* !y employ$1 ! me*anical %ifts to :i* !y 7 put1 7 (t5 ( ! rude/ k9d4 ,9 ^! ev5+ ent]ta9m5ts1 ! me*anical contrivances 7 suppli$ by ,/eph5son1 :il/ ,wigham f\nd ! sci5tific rationale4 ,! opportunity ?us af=d$ to ! =m] ( cultivat+ 8 m9d by contact ) "o wis] ?an himself prov$ ( great value1 & 9 aft]-life ,/eph5son gratefully rememb]$ ! assi/ance :i*1 :5 a humble workman1 he _h d]iv$ f ,john ,wigham1 ! f>m]'s son4 ,8 leisure mom5ts ?us c>efully improv$1 x w be inf]r$ t ,/eph5son cont9u$ a sob] man4 ,?\gh 8 notions 7 nev] extreme on ?is po9t1 he 0 sy/ematically temp]ate4 ,x appe>s t on ! invitation ( 8 ma/]1 he _h1 on "o or two occasions1 be5 induc$ to jo9 him 9 a =5oon glass ( ale 9 ! public-h\se ( ! village4 ,b "o day1 ab\t noon1 :5 ,dodds _h got him z f> z ! public-h\se door1 on 8 invitation to come 9 & take a glass o' yel1 ,/eph5son made a dead /op1 & said1 firmly1 ,no1 sir1 y mu/ excuse me2 ,i h made a resolution to dr9k no m at ?is "t ( day4 ,& he w5t back4 ,he desir$ to reta9 ! "* ( a /eady workman2 & ! in/ances ( m5 ab\t him :o _h made %ipwreck ( _! "* ?r\gh intemp]ance1 7 !n1 z n[1 unhappily b too frequ5t4 ,b ano!r consid]ation besides 8 own self-improvem5t _h already begun to ex]cise an important influ5ce on 8 life4 ,?is 0 ! tra9+ & education ( 8 son ,rob]t1 n[ gr[+ up an active1 intellig5t boy1 z full ( fun & tricks z 8 fa!r _h be54 ,:5 a little fell[1 sc>cely able to rea* s high z to put a clock-head on :5 plac$ ^u ! table1 8 fa!r w\ld make him m\nt a *air = ! purpose2 & to help fa!r 0 ! pr\de/ "w :i* ! boy !n1 & ev] aft]1 c\ld take "p 94 ,:5 ! little eng9e 0 set up at ! ,o*re ,qu>ry to pump x dry1 ,rob]t 0 sc>cely abs5t = an h\r4 ,he wat*$ ! ma*9e v eag]ly :5 x 0 set to "w2 & he 0 v mu* annoy$ at ! fire burn+ away ! grates4 ,! man :o fir$ ! eng9e 0 a sort ( wag1 & ?9k+ to get a laugh at ! boy1 he said1 ,^? b>s are gett+ v>ra bad1 ,rob]t2 ,i ?9k we ma9 cut up "s ( t h>d wood1 & put x 9 in/ead4 ,:at w\ld be ! use ( t1 y fool8 said ! boy quickly4 ,y w\ld no soon] h put !m 9 ?an !y w\ld be burnt out aga96 ,s soon z ,rob]t 0 ( prop] age1 8 fa!r s5t him ov] to ! road-side s*ool at ,long ,b5ton1 kept by ,rutt]1 ! p>i% cl]k4 ,b ! education :i* ,rutt] c\ld give 0 ( a v limit$ k9d1 sc>cely ext5d+ beyond ! prim] & po?ooks4 ,:ile work+ z a brakesman on ! pit-head at ,kill+wor?1 ! fa!r _h (t5 be?\ght him ( ! ob/ructions he _h himself enc\nt]$ 9 life ?r\gh 8 want ( s*ool+2 & he =m$ ! noble det]m9ation t no lab\r1 nor pa9s1 nor self-d5ial on 8 "p %\ld be sp>$ to furni% 8 son ) ! be/ education t x 0 9 8 p[] to be/[4 ,picture3 ,rutt]'s ,s*ool ,h\se1 ,long ,b5ton ,x is true 8 e>n+s 7 comp>atively small at t "t4 ,he 0 /ill ma9ta9+ 8 infirm p>5ts2 & ! co/ ( liv+ cont9u$ excessive4 ,b he fell back ^u 8 old exp$i5t ( work+ up 8 sp>e "t 9 ! ev5+s at home1 or dur+ ! night %ifts :5 x 0 8 turn to t5d ! eng9e1 9 m5d+ & mak+ %oes1 clean+ clocks & wat*es1 mak+ %oe-la/s = ! %oe-mak]s ( ! neighb\rhood1 & cutt+ out ! pitm5's clo!s = _! wives2 & we h be5 told t to ?is day !re are clo!s worn at ,kill+wor? made aft] ,geordy ,/eevie's cut4 ,to give 8 own words3--,9 ! e>li] p]iod ( my c>e]1 said he1 :5 ,rob]t 0 a little boy1 ,i saw h[ defici5t ,i 0 9 education1 & ,i made up my m9d t he %\ld n lab\r "u ! same defect1 b t ,i w\ld put him to a good s*ool1 & give him a lib]al tra9+4 ,i 01 h[ev]1 a poor man2 & h[ d y ?9k ,i manag$8 ,i betook myself to m5d+ my neighb\rs' clocks & wat*es at nights1 aft] my daily lab\r 0 done1 & ?us ,i procur$ ! means ( educat+ my son4 #eb ,c>ry+ out ! resolution z to 8 boy's education1 ,rob]t 0 s5t to ,mr4 ,bruce's s*ool 9 ,p]cy ,/reet1 ,newca/le1 at ,midsumm]1 #ahae1 :5 he 0 ab\t twelve ye>s old4 ,8 fa!r b\ght = him a donkey1 on :i* he rode into ,newca/le & back daily2 & !re are _m /ill liv+ :o rememb] ! little boy1 dress$ 9 8 suit ( homely grey /uff1 cut out by 8 fa!r1 cant]+ along to s*ool ^u ! cuddy1 ) 8 wallet ( provisions = ! day & 8 bag ( books slung ov] 8 %\ld]4 ,:5 ,rob]t w5t to ,mr4 ,bruce's s*ool1 he 0 a %y1 unpoli%$ c\ntry lad1 speak+ ! broad dialect ( ! pitm52 & ! o!r boys w\ld occasionally tease him1 = ! purpose ( provok+ an outbur/ ( 8 ,kill+wor? ,doric4 ,z ! %yness got rubb$ (f1 8 love ( fun began to %[ itself1 & he 0 f\nd able en\gh to hold 8 own among/ ! o!r boys4 ,z a s*ol> he 0 /eady & dilig5t1 & 8 ma/] 0 accu/om$ to hold him up to ! lagg>ds ( ! s*ool z an example ( good conduct & indu/ry4 ,b 8 progress1 ?\gh satisfactory1 0 by no means extraord9>y4 ,he us$ 9 aft]-life to pride himself on 8 a*ievem5ts 9 m5suration1 ?\gh ano!r boy1 ,john ,taylor1 beat him at ari?metic4 ,he also made consid]able progress 9 ma!matics2 & 9 a lett] writt5 to ! son ( 8 tea*]1 _m ye>s aft]1 he said1 ,x 0 to ,mr4 ,bruce's tuition & me?ods ( modell+ ! m9d t ,i attribute mu* ( my success z an eng9e]2 = x 0 f him t ,i d]iv$ my ta/e = ma!matical pursuits & ! facility ,i possess ( apply+ ?is k9d ( k to practical purposes & modify+ x accord+ to circum/ances4 ,picture3 ,bruce's ,s*ool1 ,newca/le ,dur+ ! "t ,rob]t att5d$ s*ool at ,newca/le1 8 fa!r made ! boy's education in/rum5tal to 8 own4 ,rob]t 0 accu/om$ to sp5d "s ( 8 sp>e "t at ! rooms ( ! ,lit]>y & ,philosophical ,in/itute2 & :5 he w5t home 9 ! ev5+1 he w\ld rec\nt to 8 fa!r ! results ( 8 read+4 ,sometimes he 0 all[$ to take ) him to ,kill+wor? a volume ( ! ',rep]tory ( ,arts & ,sci5ces1' :i* fa!r & son /udi$ toge!r4 ,b _m ( ! mo/ valuable works belong+ to ! ,newca/le ,libr>y 7 n l5t out2 ^! ,rob]t 0 in/ruct$ to read & /udy1 & br+ away ) him descriptions & sket*es = 8 fa!r's in=mation4 ,8 fa!r also practis$ him 9 read+ plans & draw+s )\t ref]5ce to ! writt5 descriptions4 ,he us$ to obs]ve t ,a good plan %\ld always expla9 itself2 &1 plac+ a draw+ ( an eng9e or ma*9e be=e ! y\?1 w\ld say1 ,!re1 n[1 describe t to me--! arrangem5t & ! action4 ,?us he taught him to read a draw+ z easily z he w\ld read a page ( a book4 ,bo? fa!r & son pr(it$ by ?is excell5t practice1 :i* enabl$ !m to appreh5d ) ! greate/ facility ! details ( ev5 ! mo/ difficult & complicat$ me*anical draw+4 ,:ile ,rob]t w5t on ) 8 lessons 9 ! ev5+s1 8 fa!r 0 usually occupi$ ) 8 wat* & clock clean+2 or 9 contriv+ models ( pump+-eng9es2 or endeav\r+ to embody 9 a tangible %ape ! me*anical inv5tions :i* he f\nd describ$ 9 ! odd volumes on ,me*anics :i* fell 9 8 way4 ,?is daily & unceas+ example ( indu/ry & application1 9 ! p]son ( a lov+ & belov$ fa!r1 impr9t$ itself deeply ^u ! boy's he>t 9 *>act]s nev] to be effac$4 ,a _s ( self-improvem5t 0 ?us e>ly & c>efully plant$ & fo/]$ 9 ,rob]t's m9d1 :i* cont9u$ to influ5ce him ?r\gh life2 & to ! close ( 8 c>e]1 he 0 pr\d to confess t if 8 pr(essional success _h be5 great1 x 0 ma9ly to ! example & tra9+ ( 8 fa!r t he ow$ x4 ,rob]t 0 n1 h[ev]1 exclusively devot$ to /udy1 b1 l mo/ boys full ( animal spirits1 he 0 v fond ( fun & play1 & sometimes ( mis*ief4 ,dr4 ,bruce relates t an old ,kill+wor? lab\r]1 :5 ask$ by ,rob]t1 on "o ( 8 la/ visits to ,newca/le1 if he rememb]$ him1 repli$ ) emotion1 ,ay1 inde$6 ,hav5't ,i paid y\r head _m a "t :5 y came ) y\r fa!r's bait1 = y 7 always a sad hempy8 ,! au?or _h ! pleasure1 9 ! ye> #ahed1 ( accompany+ ,rob]t ,/eph5son on a visit to 8 old home & haunts at ,kill+wor?4 ,he _h s (t5 travell$ ! road ^u 8 donkey to & f s*ool1 t e foot ( x 0 famili> to him2 & ea* turn 9 x s]v$ to recall to m9d "s incid5t ( 8 boyi% days4 ,8 eyes gli/5$ :5 he came 9 sight ( ,kill+wor? pit-head4 ,po9t+ to a humble r$-til$ h\se by ! road-side at ,b5ton1 he said1 ,y see t h\se--t 0 ,rutt]'s1 :]e ,i le>nt my ,a ,b ,c1 & made a beg9n+ ( my s*ool le>n+4 ,& !re1 po9t+ to a colli]y *imney on ! left1 !re is ,long ,b5ton1 :]e my fa!r put up 8 fir/ pump+-eng9e2 & a great success x 04 ,& ?is humble clay-floor$ cottage y see "h1 is :]e my gr&fa!r liv$ till ! close ( 8 life4 ,_m a "t h ,i ridd5 /raight into ! h\se1 m\nt$ on my cuddy1 & call$ ^u gr&fa!r to admire 8 po9ts4 ,i rememb] ! old man feel+ ! animal all ov]--he 0 !n q bl9d--aft] :i* he w\ld dilate ^u ! %ape ( 8 e>s1 fetlocks1 & qu>t]s1 & usually end by pron\nc+ him to be a 'real blood4' ,i 0 a great fav\rite ) ! old man1 :o cont9u$ v fond ( animals1 & *e]ful to ! la/2 & ,i believe no?+ gave him great] pleasure ?an a visit f me & my cuddy4 ,on ! way f ,b5ton to ,high ,kill+wor?1 ,mr4 ,/eph5son po9t$ to a corn] ( ! road :]e he _h once play$ a boyi% trick ^u a ,kill+wor? colli]4 ,/rak]1 said he1 0 a great bully1 a co>se1 swe>+ fell[1 & a p]fect tyrant among/ ! wom5 & *ildr54 ,he w\ld g te>+ into old ,nanny ! huxt]'s %op 9 ! village1 & dem& 9 a savage voice1 ',:at's ye'r be/ ham ! pund8' ',:at's floor ! hund]8' ',:at d'ye ax = prime bacon8'--8 que/ions (t5 end+ ) ! mis]able ord]1 accompani$ ) a trem5d\s oa?1 ( ',gie's a p5ny rr[ 7roll7 an' a baubee h]r96' ,! poor woman 0 usually set 'all ( a %ake' by a visit f ?is fell[4 ,he 0 also a great boa/]1 & us$ to cr[ ov] ! robb]s :om he _h put to flight2 m]e m5 9 buckram1 z ev]ybody knew4 ,we boys1 he cont9u$1 believ$ him to be a great c[>d1 & det]m9$ to play him a trick4 ,two o!r boys jo9$ me 9 waylay+ ,/rak] "o night at t corn]1 po9t+ to x4 ,we sprang out & call$ ^u him1 9 z gruff voices z we c\ld assume1 to '/& & deliv]6' ,he dropp$ d[n ^u 8 knees 9 ! dirt1 decl>+ he 0 a poor man1 ) a sma' family1 ask+ = 'm]cy1' & implor+ u1 z 'g5tlem51 = ,god's sake1 t' let him a-be6' ,we c\ldn't /& ?is any long]1 & set up a %\t ( laught]4 ,recogniz+ our boys' voices1 he sprang to 8 feet & rattl$ out a volley ( oa?s2 on :i* we cut ?r\gh ! h$ge1 & he>d him %ortly aft] swe>+ 8 way along ! road to ! yel-h\se4 ,on ano!r occasion1 ,rob]t play$ a s]ies ( tricks ( a some:at diff]5t "*4 ,l 8 fa!r1 he 0 v fond ( r$uc+ 8 sci5tific read+ to practice2 & aft] /udy+ ,frankl9's description ( ! lightn+ exp]im5t1 he proce$$ to exp5d 8 /ore ( ,saturday p5nies 9 pur*as+ ab\t half a mile ( copp] wire at a brazi]'s %op 9 ,newca/le4 ,hav+ prep>$ 8 kite1 he s5t x up 9 ! field opposite 8 fa!r's door1 & br++ ! wire1 insulat$ by means ( a few feet ( silk cord1 ov] ! backs ( "s ( ,f>m] ,wigham's c[s1 he soon _h !m skipp+ ab\t ! field 9 all directions ) _! tails up4 ,"o day he _h 8 kite fly+ at ! cottage-door z 8 fa!r's gall[ay 0 hang+ by ! bridle to ! pal+1 wait+ = ! ma/] to m\nt4 ,br++ ! end ( ! wire j ov] ! pony's crupp]1 s sm>t an electric %ock 0 giv5 x1 t ! brute 0 almo/ knock$ d[n4 ,at ?is juncture ! fa!r issu$ f ! door1 rid+-:ip 9 h&1 & 0 witness to ! sci5tific trick j play$ (f ^u 8 gall[ay4 ,ah6 y mis*iev\s scoondrel6 cri$ he to ! boy1 :o ran (f4 ,he inw>dly *uckl$ ) pride1 nev]!less1 at ,rob]t's successful exp]im5t4 #eg ,picture3 ,/eph5son's ,cottage1 ,we/ ,moor ,at ?is "t1 & = _m ye>s aft]1 ,/eph5son dwelt 9 a cottage /&+ by ! side ( ! road lead+ f ! ,we/ ,moor colli]y to ,kill+wor?4 ,! railway f ! ,we/ ,moor ,pit crosses ?is road close by ! ea/ end ( ! cottage4 ,! dwell+ orig9ally consi/$ ( b "o ap>tm5t on ! gr\nd-floor1 ) ! g>ret ov]-head1 to :i* access 0 obta9$ by means ( a /ep-ladd]4 ,b ) 8 own h&s ,/eph5son built an ov51 & 9 ! c\rse ( "t he add$ rooms to ! cottage1 until x became a com=table f\r-room$ dwell+1 9 :i* he liv$ z long z he rema9$ at ,kill+wor?4 ,he cont9u$ z fond ( birds & animals z ev]1 & seem$ to h ! p[] ( atta*+ !m to him 9 a rem>kable degree4 ,he _h a blackbird at ,kill+wor? s fond ( him t x w\ld fly ab\t ! cottage1 & on hold+ out 8 f+]1 w\ld come & p]* ^u x4 ,a cage 0 built = blackie 9 ! p>tition betwe5 ! passage & ! room1 a squ>e ( glass =m+ its out] wall2 & ,rob]t us$ aft]w>ds to take pleasure 9 describ+ ! oddity ( ! bird1 imitat+ ! mann] 9 :i* x w\ld cock its head on 8 fa!r's ent]+ ! h\se1 & foll[ him ) its eye into ! inn] ap>tm5t4 ,neighb\rs 7 accu/om$ to call at ! cottage & h _! clocks & wat*es set to rights :5 !y w5t wrong4 ,"o day1 aft] look+ at ! works ( a wat* left by a pitman's wife1 ,george h&$ x to 8 son2 ,put h] 9 ! ov51 ,rob]t1 said he1 = a qu>t] ( an h\r or s4 ,x seem$ an odd way ( repair+ a wat*2 nev]!less1 ! wat* 0 put into ! ov51 & at ! end ( ! appo9t$ "t x 0 tak5 out1 go+ all "r4 ,! :eels _h m]ely got clogg$ by ! oil congeal$ by ! cold2 :i* at once expla9s ! rationale ( ! rem$y adopt$4 ,!re 0 a little g>d5 atta*$ to ! cottage1 9 :i*1 :ile a workman1 ,/eph5son took a pride 9 gr[+ gigantic leeks & a/\nd+ cabbages4 ,!re 0 great competition among/ ! villag]s 9 ! gr[? ( vegetables1 all ( :om he excell$1 except+ "o ( 8 neighb\rs1 ^: cabbages sometimes out%one 84 ,9 ! protection ( 8 g>d5-crops f ! ravages ( ! birds1 he inv5t$ a /range sort ( fley-craw1 :i* mov$ its arms ) ! w9d2 & he fa/5$ 8 g>d5-door by means ( a piece ( +5i\s me*anism1 s t no "o b himself c\ld ent] x4 ,8 cottage 0 q a curiosity-%op ( models ( eng9es1 self-act+ planes1 & p]petual-motion ma*9es4 ,! la/-nam$ contrivances1 h[ev]1 7 only unsuccessful attempts to solve a problem :i* _h effectually baffl$ hundr$s ( prec$+ inv5tors4 ,8 odd & ecc5tric contrivances (t5 excit$ great wond] among/ ! ,kill+wor? villag]s4 ,he won ! wom5's admiration by connect+ _! cradles ) ! smoke-jack1 & mak+ !m self-act+4 ,!n he a/oni%$ ! pitm5 by atta*+ an al>um to ! clock ( ! wat*man ^: duty x 0 to call !m betimes 9 ! morn+4 ,he also contriv$ a wond]ful lamp :i* burn$ "u wat]1 ) :i* he 0 aft]w>ds wont to amuse ! ,br&l+ family at ,gos=?1--go+ into ! fi%-pond at night1 lamp 9 h&1 attract+ & cat*+ ! fi%1 :i* ru%$ wildly t[>ds ! flame4 ,dr4 ,bruce tells ( a competition :i* ,/eph5son _h ) ! jo9] at ,kill+wor?1 z to :i* ( !m c\ld make ! be/ %oe-la/2 & :5 ! =m] _h done 8 "w1 ei!r = ! hum\r ( ! ?+1 or to secure fair play f ! appo9t$ judge1 he took x to ! ,morrisons 9 ,newca/le1 & got !m to put _! /amp ^u x4 ,s t x is possible ! ,kill+wor? brakesman1 aft]w>ds ! inv5tor ( ! safety lamp & ! orig9ator ( ! railway sy/em1 & ,john ,morrison1 ! la/-mak]1 aft]w>ds ! translator ( ! ,scriptures into ! ,*9ese language1 may h confront$ ea* o!r 9 solemn contemplation ov] ! successful la/1 :i* won ! v]dict covet$ by its mak]4 ,sometimes he w\ld endeav\r to imp>t to 8 fell[-workm5 ! results ( 8 sci5tific read+4 ,ev]y?+ t he le>nt f books 0 s new & s wond]ful to him1 t he reg>d$ ! facts he drew f !m 9 ! light ( discov]ies1 z if !y _h be5 made b ye/]day4 ,once he tri$ to expla9 to "s ( ! pitm5 h[ ! e>? 0 r\nd1 & kept turn+ r\nd4 ,b 8 auditors flatly decl>$ ! ?+ to be impossible1 z x 0 cle> t at ! bottom side !y mu/ fall (f6 ,ah6 said ,george1 y don't q und]/& x yet4 ,8 son ,rob]t also e>ly endeav\r$ to communicate to o!rs ! in=mation :i* he _h ga!r$ at s*ool2 & ,dr4 ,bruce has relat$ t1 :5 visit+ ,kill+wor? on "o occasion1 he f\nd him engag$ 9 tea*+ algebra to su* ( ! pitm5's boys z w\ld become 8 pupils4 ,picture3 ,! ,sundial ,:ile ,rob]t 0 /ill at s*ool1 8 fa!r propos$ to him dur+ ! holidays t he %\ld con/ruct a sun-dial1 to be plac$ ov] _! cottage-door at ,we/ ,moor4 ,i expo/ulat$ ) him at fir/1 said ,rob]t1 t ,i _h n le>nt suffici5t a/ronomy & ma!matics to enable me to make ! necess>y calculations4 ,b he w\ld h no d5ial4 ',! ?+ is to be done1' said he2 's j set ab\t x at once4' ,well2 we got a ',f]guson's ,a/ronomy1' & /udi$ ! subject toge!r4 ,_m a sore head ,i _h :ile mak+ ! necess>y calculations to adapt ! dial to ! latitude ( ,kill+wor?4 ,b at l5g? x 0 fairly drawn out on pap]1 & !n my fa!r got a /one1 & we hew$1 & c>v$1 & poli%$ x1 until we made a v respectable dial ( x2 & !re x is1 y see1 po9t+ to x ov] ! cottage-door1 /ill quietly numb]+ ! h\rs :5 ! sun is %9+4 ,i assure y1 n a little 0 ?\ght ( t piece ( "w by ! pitm5 :5 x 0 put up1 & began to tell its tale ( "t4 ,! date c>v$ ^u ! dial is ,augu/ #aa?1 ,,mdcccxvi4 ,bo? fa!r & son 7 9 aft]-life v pr\d ( ! jo9t production4 ,_m ye>s aft]1 ,george took a p>ty ( savans1 :5 att5d+ ! meet+ ( ! ,briti% ,association at ,newca/le1 ov] to ,kill+wor? to see ! pits1 & he did n fail to direct _! att5tion to ! sun-dial2 & ,rob]t1 on ! la/ visit :i* he made to ! place1 a %ort "t be=e 8 dea?1 took a fri5d into ! cottage1 & po9t$ out to him ! v desk1 /ill !re1 at :i* he _h sat :ile mak+ 8 calculations ( ! latitude ( ,kill+wor?4 ,f ! "t ( 8 appo9tm5t z eng9e] at ! ,kill+wor? ,pit1 ,george ,/eph5son 0 9 a measure reliev$ f ! daily r\t9e ( manual lab\r1 hav+1 z we h se51 advanc$ himself to ! grade ( a high] class workman4 ,b he _h n ceas$ to be a work]1 ?\gh he employ$ 8 indu/ry 9 a diff]5t way4 ,x might1 inde$1 be inf]r$ t he _h n[ ! comm& ( great] leisure2 b 8 sp>e h\rs 7 z mu* z ev] giv5 to "w1 ei!r necess>y or self-impos$4 ,s f> z reg>d$ 8 social position1 he _h already rea*$ ! summit ( 8 ambition2 & :5 he _h got 8 hundr$ a ye>1 & 8 dun gall[ay to ride on1 he said he nev] want$ to be any high]4 ,:5 ,rob]t ,:e!rly (f]$ to give him an old gig1 8 travell+ hav+ s mu* increas$ ( late1 he accept$ x ) great reluctance1 obs]v+1 t he %\ld be a%am$ to get into x1 p w\ld ?9k him s pr\d4 ,:5 ! ,high ,pit _h be5 sunk1 & ! coal 0 ready = work+1 ,/eph5son erect$ 8 fir/ w9d+-eng9e to draw ! coals out ( ! pit1 & also a pump+-eng9e = ,long ,b5ton ,colli]y1 bo? ( :i* prov$ q successful4 ,among/ o!r works ( ?is "t1 he project$ & laid d[n a self-act+ incl9e along ! declivity :i* fell t[>ds ! coal-load+ place ne> ,will+ton1 :]e he _h (ficiat$ z brakesman2 & he s arrang$ x1 t ! full waggons desc5d+ drew ! empty waggons up ! railroad4 ,?is 0 "o ( ! fir/ self-act+ incl9es laid d[n 9 ! di/rict4 ,/eph5son _h n[ mu* bett] opportunities ?an hi!rto = improv+ himself 9 me*anics4 ,8 famili> acqua9tance ) ! /eam-eng9e prov$ ( great value to him4 ,8 %rewd insight1 & 8 intimate practical acqua9tance ) its me*anism1 enabl$ him to appreh5d1 z if by intuition1 its mo/ ab/ruse & difficult comb9ations4 ,! practical /udy :i* he _h giv5 to x :5 a workman1 & ! pati5t mann] 9 :i* he _h grop$ 8 way ?r\gh all ! details ( ! ma*9e1 gave him ! p[] ( a ma/] 9 deal+ ) x z appli$ to colli]y purposes4 ,sir ,?omas ,liddell 0 frequ5tly ab\t ! works1 & took pleasure 9 giv+ e enc\ragem5t to ! eng9e-wright 9 8 ef=ts aft] improvem5t4 ,! subject ( ! locomotive eng9e 0 already closely occupy+ ,/eph5son's att5tion2 al?\gh x 0 /ill reg>d$ z a curi\s & co/ly toy1 ( comp>atively little real use4 ,b he _h at an e>ly p]iod detect$ its practical value1 & =m$ an adequate conception ( ! might :i* z yet slumb]$ )9 x2 & he n[ b5t 8 entire faculties to ! developm5t ( its extraord9>y p[]s4 ,picture3 ,colli]s' ,cottages at ,long ,b5ton ,,*apt] ,v4 ,,e>ly ,,hi/ory ,,( ,,! ,,locomotive--,,george ,,/eph5son ,,beg9s ,,its ,,improvem5t4 ,! rapid increase 9 ! coal-trade ( ! ,tyne ab\t ! beg9n+ ( ! pres5t c5tury _h ! effect ( /imulat+ ! +5uity ( me*anics1 & enc\rag+ !m to devise improv$ me?ods ( transport+ ! coal f ! pits to ! %ipp+ places4 ,f our introductory *apt]1 x w h be5 obs]v$ t ! improvem5ts :i* _h ?us f> be5 effect$ 7 conf9$ almo/ entirely to ! road4 ,! railway waggons /ill cont9u$ to be drawn by horses4 ,by improv+ & flatt5+ ! tramway1 consid]able economy 9 horse-p[] _h inde$ be5 secur$2 b unless "s m effective me?od ( me*anical traction c\ld be devis$1 x 0 cle> t railway improvem5t _h almo/ rea*$ its limits4 ,_m exp$i5ts _h be5 tri$ ) ?is object4 ,"o ( ! e>lie/ 0 t ( hoi/+ sails ^u ! waggons1 & driv+ !m along ! waggon-way1 z a %ip is driv5 ?r\gh ! wat] by ! w9d4 ,?is me?od seems to h be5 employ$ by ,sir ,humphrey ,mackwor?1 an +5i\s coal-m9] at ,nea? 9 ,glamorgan%ire1 ab\t ! end ( ! sev5te5? c5tury4 ,aft] hav+ be5 lo/ sight ( = m ?an a c5tury1 ! same plan ( impell+ c>riages 0 reviv$ by ,ri*>d ,lovell ,edgwor?1 ) ! addition ( a portable railway1 s9ce reviv$ also1 9 ,boydell's pat5t4 ,b al?\gh ,mr4 ,edgwor? devot$ himself to ! subject = _m ye>s1 he fail$ 9 secur+ ! adoption ( 8 sail+ c>riage4 ,x is inde$ q cle> t a p[] s unc]ta9 z w9d c\ld nev] be reli$ on = ord9>y traffic1 & ,mr4 ,edgwor?'s project 0 consequ5tly left to repose 9 ! limbo ( ! ,pat5t ,(fice1 ) ?\s&s ( o!r equally useless ?\gh +5i\s contrivances4 ,a mu* m fav\rite s*eme 0 ! application ( /eam p[] = ! purpose ( c>riage traction4 ,sav]y1 ! inv5tor ( ! work+ /eam-eng9e1 0 ! fir/ to propose its employm5t to propel vehicles along ! common roads2 & 9 #agei ,dr4 ,robison1 !n a "y man /udy+ at ,glasg[ ,college1 ?rew out ! same idea to 8 fri5d ,james ,watt2 b ! s*eme 0 n matur$4 ,picture3 ,cugnot's ,eng9e ,! fir/ locomotive /eam-c>riage 0 built at ,p>is by ! ,fr5* eng9e] ,cugnot1 a native ( ,lorra9e4 ,x is said to h be5 inv5t$ = ! purpose ( dragg+ cannon into ! field indep5d5t ( horses4 ,! orig9al model ( ?is ma*9e 0 made 9 #agfc4 ,c\nt ,saxe 0 s mu* pleas$ ) x1 t on 8 recomm5dation a full-siz$ eng9e 0 con/ruct$ at ! co/ ( ! ,fr5* mon>*2 & 9 #agfi x 0 tri$ 9 ! pres5ce ( ! ,duc de ,*oiseul1 ,m9i/] ( ,w>1 ,g5]al ,gribeauval1 & o!r (fic]s4 ,at "o ( ! exp]im5ts x ran ) su* =ce z to knock d[n a wall 9 its way4 ,b ! new vehicle1 load$ ) f\r p]sons1 c\ld n travel fa/] ?an two & a half miles an h\r4 ,! boil] 0 insuffici5t 9 size1 & x c\ld only "w = ab\t fifte5 m9utes2 aft] :i* x 0 necess>y to wait until ! /eam _h aga9 ris5 to a suffici5t pressure4 ,to rem$y ?is defect1 ,cugnot con/ruct$ a new ma*9e 9 #aggj1 ! work+ ( :i* 0 m satisfactory4 ,x 0 compos$ ( two p>ts--! =e "p consi/+ ( a small /eam-eng9e1 =m$ ( a r\nd copp] boil]1 ) a furnace inside1 provid$ ) two small *imneys & two s+le-act+ brass /eam cyl9d]s1 ^: pi/ons act$ alt]nately ^u ! s+le driv+-:eel4 ,! h9d] "p consi/$ m]ely ( a rude c>riage on two :eels to c>ry ! load1 furni%$ ) a seat 9 front = ! conductor4 ,?is eng9e 0 tri$ 9 ! /reets ( ,p>is2 b :5 pass+ ne> :]e ! ,madele9e n[ /&s1 x ov]balanc$ itself on turn+ a corn]1 & fell ov] ) a cra%2 aft] :i*1 its employm5t be+ ?\ght dang]\s1 x 0 lock$ up 9 ! ars5al to prev5t fur!r mis*ief4 ,! ma*9e is1 h[ev]1 /ill to be se5 9 ! collection ( ! ,cons]vatoire des ,arts et ,meti]s at ,p>is4 ,x has v mu* ! look ( a long brew]'s c>t1 ) ! addition ( ! circul> boil] hung on at "o end4 ,r\gh ?\gh x looks1 x 0 a highly cr$itable piece ( "w1 consid]+ ! p]iod at :i* x 0 execut$2 & z ! fir/ actual ma*9e con/ruct$ = ! purpose ( travell+ on ord9>y roads by ! p[] ( /eam1 x is c]ta9ly a mo/ curi\s & int]e/+ me*anical relic1 well wor?y ( pres]vation4 ,b ?\gh ,cugnot's road locomotive rema9$ lock$ up f public sight1 ! subject 0 n dead2 = we f9d inv5tors employ+ !mselves f "t to "t 9 attempt+ to solve ! problem ( /eam locomotion 9 places f> remote f ,p>is4 ,! idea _h tak5 root 9 ! m9ds ( inv5tors1 & 0 /riv+ to gr[ into a reality4 ,?us ,oliv] ,evans1 ! ,am]ican1 inv5t$ a /eam c>riage 9 #aggb to travel on common roads2 9 #aghg he obta9$ f ! ,/ate ( ,m>yl& an exclusive "r to make & use /eam-c>riages1 b 8 inv5tion nev] came into use4 ,!n1 9 #aghd1 ,william ,sym+ton1 "o ( ! e>ly inv5tors ( ! /eamboat1 0 simil>ly occupi$ 9 ,scotl& 9 endeav\r+ to develop ! lat5t p[]s ( ! /eam-c>riage4 ,he _h a work+ model ( "o con/ruct$1 :i* he exhibit$ 9 #aghf to ! pr(essors ( ,ed9burgh ,college2 b ! /ate ( ! ,scot* roads 0 !n s bad t he f\nd x impracticable to proce$ fur!r ) 8 s*eme1 :i* he %ortly aft] ab&on$ 9 fav\r ( /eam navigation4 ,picture3 ,section ( ,murdock's ,model ,! same ye> 9 :i* ,sym+ton 0 occupi$ ^u 8 /eam-c>riage1 ,william ,murdock1 ! fri5d & assi/ant ( ,watt1 con/ruct$ 8 model ( a locomotive at ! opposite end ( ! isl&--at ,r$ru? 9 ,cornwall4 ,8 model 0 ( small dim5sions1 /&+ little m ?an a foot high2 & x 0 until rec5tly 9 ! possession ( ! son ( ! inv5tor1 at ^: h\se we saw x a few ye>s ago4 ,! annex$ section w give an idea ( ! arrangem5ts ( ?is ma*9e4 ,x act$ on ! high-pressure pr9ciple1 &1 l ,cugnot's eng9e1 ran ^u ?ree :eels1 ! boil] be+ heat$ by a _s-lamp4 ,small ?\gh ! ma*9e 01 x w5t s fa/ on "o occasion t x fairly outran its inv5tor4 ,x seems t "o night aft] return+ f 8 duties at ! ,r$ru? m9e1 ,murdock det]m9$ to try ! work+ ( 8 model locomotive4 ,= ?is purpose he _h rec\rse to ! walk lead+ to ! *ur*1 ab\t a mile f ! t[n4 ,x 0 r n>r[1 & 0 b\nd$ on ea* side by high h$ges4 ,! night 0 d>k1 & ,murdock set out alone to try 8 exp]im5t4 ,hav+ lit 8 lamp1 ! wat] boil$ spe$ily1 & (f />t$ ! eng9e ) ! inv5tor aft] x4 ,he soon he>d di/ant %\ts ( t]ror4 ,x 0 too d>k to p]ceive objects2 b he f\nd1 on foll[+ up ! ma*9e1 t ! cries proce$$ f ! wor?y pa/or ( ! p>i%1 :o1 go+ t[>ds ! t[n1 0 met on ?is lonely road by ! hiss+ & fi]y little mon/]1 :i* he subsequ5tly decl>$ he _h tak5 to be ! ,evil ,"o 9 propria p]sona4 ,no fur!r /eps 71 h[ev]1 tak5 by ,murdock to embody 8 idea ( a locomotive c>riage 9 a m practical =m4 ,! idea 0 next tak5 up by ,murdock's pupil1 ,ri*>d ,trevi?ick1 :o resolv$ on build+ a /eam-c>riage adapt$ = common roads z well z railways4 ,he took out a pat5t to secure ! "r ( 8 inv5tion 9 #ahjb4 ,&rew ,vivian1 8 c\s91 jo9$ ) him 9 ! pat5t--,vivian f9d+ ! money1 & ,trevi?ick ! bra9s4 ,! /eam-c>riage built on ?is pat5t pres5t$ ! appe>ance ( an ord9>y /age-coa* on f\r :eels4 ,! eng9e _h "o horizontal cyl9d]1 :i*1 toge!r ) ! boil] & ! furnace-box1 0 plac$ 9 ! re> ( ! h9d axle4 ,! motion ( ! pi/on 0 transmitt$ to a sep>ate crank-axle1 f :i*1 ?r\gh ! m$ium ( spur-ge>1 ! axle ( ! driv+-:eel 7:i* 0 m\nt$ ) a fly-:eel7 d]iv$ its motion4 ,! /eam-cocks & ! =ce-pump1 z also ! bell[s us$ = ! purpose ( quick5+ combu/ion 9 ! furnace1 7 work$ (f ! same crank-axle4 ,john ,pe!rick1 ( ,camborne1 has relat$ t he rememb]s ?is fir/ ,engli% /eam-coa* pass+ along ! pr9cipal /reet ( 8 native t[n4 ,consid]able difficulty 0 exp]i5c$ 9 keep+ up ! pressure ( /eam2 b :5 !re 0 pressure en\gh1 ,trevi?ick w\ld call ^u ! p to jump up1 s z to create a load ^u ! eng9e4 ,x 0 soon cov]$ ) m5 attract$ by ! novelty1 nor did _! numb] seem to make any diff]5ce 9 ! spe$ ( ! eng9e s long z !re 0 /eam en\gh2 b x 0 con/antly runn+ %ort1 & ! horizontal bell[s fail$ to keep x up4 ,?is road-locomotive ( ,trevi?ick's 0 "o ( ! fir/ high-pressure work+ eng9es con/ruct$ on ! pr9ciple ( mov+ a pi/on by ! ela/icity ( /eam aga9/ ! pressure only ( ! atmosph]e4 ,su* an eng9e _h be5 describ$ by ,leopold1 ?\gh 9 8 app>atus x 0 propos$ t ! pressure %\ld act only on "o side ( ! pi/on4 ,9 ,trevi?ick's eng9e ! pi/on 0 n only rais$1 b 0 also depress$ by ! action ( ! /eam1 be+ 9 ?is respect an entirely orig9al inv5tion1 & ( great m]it4 ,! /eam 0 admitt$ f ! boil] "u ! pi/on mov+ 9 a cyl9d]1 impell+ x upw>d4 ,:5 ! motion _h rea*$ its limit1 ! communication betwe5 ! pi/on & ! "u side 0 %ut (f1 & ! /eam all[$ to escape into ! atmosph]e4 ,a passage be+ !n op5$ betwe5 ! boil] & ! upp] side ( ! pi/on1 :i* 0 press$ d[nw>ds1 ! /eam 0 aga9 all[$ to escape z be=e4 ,?us ! p[] ( ! eng9e 0 equal to ! diff]5ce betwe5 ! pressure ( ! atmosph]e & ! ela/icity ( ! /eam 9 ! boil]4 ,?is /eam-c>riage excit$ consid]able int]e/ 9 ! remote di/rict ne> ! ,l&'s ,end :]e x _h be5 erect$4 ,be+ s f> remov$ f ! great movem5ts & ent]prise ( ! comm]cial _w1 ,trevi?ick & ,vivian det]m9$ ^u exhibit+ _! ma*9e 9 ! metropolis4 ,!y accord+ly set out ) x to ,plym\?1 :5ce x 0 convey$ by sea to ,london4 ,! c>riage safely rea*$ ! metropolis1 & excit$ mu* public int]e/4 ,x also attract$ ! notice ( sci5tific m51 among/ o!rs ( ,mr4 ,davies ,gilb]t1 ,presid5t ( ! ,royal ,society1 & ,sir ,humphry ,davy1 bo? ,corni%m5 l ,trevi?ick1 :o w5t to see ! private p]=mances ( ! eng9e1 & 7 greatly pleas$ ) x4 ,writ+ to a ,corni% fri5d %ortly aft] its arrival 9 t[n1 ,sir ,humphry said3 ,i %all soon hope to he> t ! roads ( ,engl& are ! haunts ( ,capta9 ,trevi?ick's dragons--a *>act]i/ic "n4 ,! ma*9e 0 aft]w>ds publicly exhibit$ 9 an enclos$ piece ( gr\nd ne> ,eu/on ,squ>e1 :]e ! ,london & ,nor?-,we/]n ,/ation n[ /&s1 & x dragg$ beh9d x a :eel-c>riage full ( pass5g]s4 ,on ! second day ( ! p]=mance1 cr[ds flock$ to see x2 b ,trevi?ick1 9 "o ( 8 odd freaks1 %ut up ! place1 & %ortly aft] remov$ ! eng9e4 ,x is1 h[ev]1 probable t ! inv5tor came to ! conclusion t ! /ate ( ! roads at t "t 0 su* z to preclude its com+ into g5]al use = purposes ( ord9>y traffic4 ,:ile ! /eam-c>riage 0 be+ exhibit$1 a g5tleman 0 lay+ heavy wag]s z to ! weight :i* c\ld be haul$ by a s+le horse on ! ,w&swor? & ,croydon iron tramway2 & ! numb] & weight ( waggons drawn by ! horse 7 some?+ surpris+4 ,trevi?ick v probably put ! two ?+s toge!r--! /eam-horse & ! iron-way--& kept ! p]=mance 9 m9d :5 he proce$$ to con/ruct 8 second or railway locomotive4 ,! idea 0 n1 h[ev]1 entirely new to him2 =1 al?\gh 8 fir/ eng9e _h be5 con/ruct$ ) a view to its employm5t ^u common roads1 ! specification ( 8 pat5t di/9ctly alludes to ! application ( 8 eng9e to travell+ on railroads4 ,hav+ be5 employ$ at ! iron-works ( ,p5-y-d>ran1 9 ,s\? ,wales1 to erect a =ge eng9e = ! ,company1 a conv5i5t opportunity pres5t$ itself1 on ! completion ( ?is "w1 = c>ry+ out 8 design ( a locomotive to haul ! m9]als along ! ,p5-y-d>ran tramway4 ,su* an eng9e 0 erect$ by him 9 #ahjc1 9 ! blacksmi?s' %op at ! ,company's works1 & x 0 f9i%$ & ready = trial be=e ! end ( ! ye>4 ,! boil] ( ?is second eng9e 0 cyl9drical 9 =m1 flat at ! ends1 & made ( wr\ght iron4 ,! furnace & flue 7 inside ! boil]1 )9 :i* ! s+le cyl9d]1 eight in*es 9 diamet] & f\r feet six in*es /roke1 0 plac$ horizontally4 ,z 9 ! fir/ eng9e1 ! motion ( ! :eels 0 produc$ by spur ge>1 to :i* 0 also add$ a fly-:eel on "o side1 to secure a rotatory motion 9 ! crank at ! end ( ea* /roke ( ! pi/on 9 ! s+le cyl9d]4 ,! wa/e /eam 0 ?r[n into ! *imney ?r\gh a tube ins]t$ into x at "r angles2 b x w be obvi\s t ?is arrangem5t 0 n calculat$ to produce any result 9 ! way ( a /eam-bla/ 9 ! *imney4 ,9 fact1 ! wa/e /eam seems to h be5 turn$ into ! *imney 9 ord] to get rid ( ! nuisance caus$ by ?r[+ ! jet directly into ! air4 ,trevi?ick 0 "h hov]+ on ! v]ge ( a great discov]y2 b t he 0 n aw>e ( ! action ( ! bla/ 9 contribut+ to increase ! draught & ?us quick5 combu/ion1 is cle> f ! fact t he employ$ bell[s = ?is special purpose2 & at a mu* lat] date 7#ahae7 he took out a pat5t :i* includ$ a me?od ( urg+ ! fire by means ( fann]s4 #gj ,picture3 ,trevi?ick's ,high ,pressure ,tram-,eng9e ,at ! fir/ trial ( ?is eng9e x succe$$ 9 dragg+ aft] x sev]al waggons1 conta9+ t5 tons ( b>-iron1 at ! rate ( ab\t five miles an h\r4 ,rees ,jones1 :o work$ at ! fitt+ ( ! eng9e1 & rememb]s its p]=mances1 says1 ,%e 0 us$ = br++ d[n metal f ! furnaces to ! ,old ,=ge4 ,%e work$ v well2 b frequ5tly1 f h] weight1 broke ! tram-plates & ! hooks betwe5 ! trams4 ,aft] work+ = "s "t 9 ?is way1 %e took a load ( iron f ,p5-y-d>ran d[n ! ,bas9-road1 ^u :i* road %e 0 int5d$ to "w4 ,on ! j\rney %e broke a great _m ( ! tram-plates1 & be=e rea*+ ! bas9 ran (f ! road1 & _h to be br\ght back to ,p5-y-d>ran by horses4 ,! eng9e 0 nev] aft] us$ z a locomotive4 #ga ,x seems to h be5 felt t unless ! road 7 entirely recon/ruct$ s z to be> ! heavy weight ( ! locomotive--s mu* great] ?an t ( ! tram-waggons1 to c>ry :i* ! orig9al rails _h be5 laid d[n--! regul> employm5t ( ,trevi?ick's high-pressure tram-eng9e 0 altoge!r impracticable2 & z ! own]s ( ! works 7 n prep>$ to incur s s]i\s a co/1 x 0 det]m9$ to take ! locomotive (f ! road1 & employ x z an eng9e = o!r purposes4 ,x 0 accord+ly dism\nt$1 & us$ = "s "t aft] z a pump+-eng9e1 = :i* purpose x 0 f\nd well adapt$4 ,trevi?ick himself seems f ?is "t to h tak5 no fur!r /eps to br+ ! locomotive into g5]al use4 ,we f9d him1 %ortly aft]1 engag$ ^u s*emes ( a m promis+ "*1 ab&on+ ! eng9e to o!r me*anical inv5tors1 ?\gh little improvem5t 0 made 9 x = sev]al ye>s4 ,an imag9>y difficulty seems to h t5d$1 among/ o!r ob/acles1 to prev5t its adoption2 viz41 ! idea t1 if a heavy weight 7 plac$ beh9d ! eng9e1 ! grip or bite ( its smoo? :eels ^u ! equally smoo? iron rail1 mu/ necess>ily be s slight t !y w\ld :irl r\nd ^u x1 &1 consequ5tly1 t ! ma*9e w\ld n make progress4 ,h5ce ,trevi?ick1 9 8 pat5t1 provid$ t ! p]iph]y ( ! driv+-:eels %\ld be made r\gh by ! projection ( bolts or cross-grooves1 s t ! adhesion ( ! :eels to ! road might be secur$4 ,foll[+ up ! presum$ necessity = a m effectual adhesion betwe5 ! :eels & ! rails1 ,mr4 ,bl5k9sop ( ,le$s1 9 #ahaa1 took out a pat5t = a rack$ or too?-rail laid along "o side ( ! road1 into :i* ! too!d-:eel ( 8 locomotive work$ z p9ions "w into a rack4 ,! boil] ( 8 eng9e 0 support$ by a c>riage ) f\r :eels )\t tee?1 & re/$ imm$iately ^u ! axles4 ,^! :eels 7 entirely indep5d5t ( ! work+ p>ts ( ! eng9e1 & !re=e m]ely support$ its weight ^u ! rails1 ! progress be+ effect$ by means ( ! cogg$-:eel work+ into ! cogg$-rail4 ,! eng9e _h two cyl9d]s1 in/ead ( "o z 9 ,trevi?ick's eng9e4 ,! inv5tion ( ! d\ble cyl9d] 0 due to ,mat!w ,murray1 ( ,le$s1 "o ( ! be/ me*anical eng9e]s ( 8 "t2 ,mr4 ,bl5k9sop1 :o 0 n a me*anic1 hav+ consult$ him z to all ! practical arrangem5ts4 ,! connect+-rods gave ! motion to two p9ions by cranks at "r angles to ea* o!r2 ^! p9ions communicat+ ! motion to ! :eel :i* work$ into ! cogg$-rail4 ,mr4 ,bl5k9sop's eng9es began runn+ on ! railway f ! ,middleton ,colli]ies to ,le$s1 ab\t #c4e miles1 on ! #ab? ( ,augu/1 #ahab4 ,!y cont9u$ = _m ye>s to be "o ( ! pr9cipal curiosities ( ! place1 & 7 visit$ by /rang]s f all p>ts4 ,9 #ahaf1 ! ,gr& ,duke ,ni*olas 7aft]w>ds ,emp]or7 ( ,russia obs]v$ ! work+ ( ,bl5k9sop's locomotive ) curi\s int]e/ & admiration4 ,an eng9e dragg$ z _m z ?irty coal-waggons at a spe$ ( ab\t #c4be miles p] h\r4 ,^! eng9es cont9u$ = _m ye>s to be ?us employ$ 9 ! haulage ( coal1 & furni%$ ! fir/ in/ance ( ! regul> employm5t ( locomotive p[] = comm]cial purposes4 ,! ,messrs4 ,*apman1 ( ,newca/le1 9 #ahab1 endeav\r$ to ov]come ! same fictiti\s difficulty ( ! want ( adhesion betwe5 ! :eel & ! rail1 by pat5t+ a locomotive to "w along ! road by means ( a *a9 /ret*$ f "o end ( x to ! o!r4 ,?is *a9 0 pass$ once r\nd a groov$ b>rel-:eel "u ! c5tre ( ! eng9e3 s t1 :5 ! :eel turn$1 ! locomotive1 z x 71 dragg$ itself along ! railway4 ,an eng9e1 con/ruct$ aft] ?is plan1 0 tri$ on ! ,heaton ,railway1 ne> ,newca/le2 b x 0 s clumsy 9 its action1 !re 0 s great a loss ( p[] by friction1 & x 0 f\nd to be s exp5sive & difficult to keep 9 repair1 t x 0 soon ab&on$4 ,ano!r rem>kable exp$i5t 0 adopt$ by ,mr4 ,brunton1 ( ! ,butt]ley ,works1 ,d]by%ire1 :o1 9 #ahac1 pat5t$ 8 ,me*anical ,travell]1 to g ^u legs work+ alt]nately l ^? ( a horse4 #gc ,b ?is eng9e nev] got beyond ! exp]im5tal /ate1 =1 at its v fir/ trial1 ! driv]1 to make sure ( a good />t1 ov]load$ ! safety-valve1 :5 ! boil] bur/ & kill$ a numb] ( ! by/&]s1 w\nd+ _m m4 ,^!1 & o!r contrivances ) ! same object1 project$ ab\t ! same "t1 %[ t inv5tion 0 actively at "w1 & t _m m9ds 7 anxi\sly lab\r+ to solve ! important problem ( locomotive traction ^u railways4 ,b ! difficulties cont5d$ ) by ^! e>ly inv5tors1 & ! /ep-by-/ep progress :i* !y made1 w probably be be/ illu/rat$ by ! exp]im5ts conduct$ by ,mr4 ,blackett1 ( ,wylam1 :i* are all ! m wor?y ( notice1 z ! p]sev]+ ef=ts ( ?is g5tleman 9 a great measure pav$ ! way = ! lab\rs ( ,george ,/eph5son1 :o1 %ortly aft]1 took up ! "q ( /eam locomotion1 & br\ght x to a successful issue4 ,! ,wylam waggon-way is "o ( ! olde/ 9 ! nor? ( ,engl&4 ,d[n to ! ye> #ahjg x 0 =m$ ( wood5 sp>s or rails1 laid d[n betwe5 ! colli]y at ,wylam--:]e old ,rob]t ,/eph5son _h work$--& ! village ( ,lem+ton1 "s f\r miles d[n ! ,tyne1 :]e ! coals 7 load$ into keels or b>ges1 & float$ d[n pa/ ,newca/le1 to be %ipp$ = ,london4 ,ea* *aldron-waggon _h a man 9 *>ge ( x1 & 0 orig9ally drawn by "o horse4 ,! rate at :i* ! waggons 7 haul$ 0 s sl[ t only two j\rneys 7 p]=m$ by ea* man & horse 9 "o day1 & ?ree on ! day foll[+4 ,?is primitive waggon-way pass$1 z be=e /at$1 close 9 front ( ! cottage 9 :i* ,george ,/eph5son 0 born2 & "o ( ! e>lie/ sights :i* met 8 infant eyes 0 ?is wood5 tramroad work$ by horses4 ,mr4 ,blackett 0 ! fir/ colli]y own] 9 ! ,nor? :o took an active int]e/ 9 ! locomotive4 ,hav+ =m$ ! acqua9tance ( ,trevi?ick 9 ,london1 & inspect$ ! p]=mances ( 8 eng9e1 he det]m9$ to repeat ! ,p5-y-d>ran exp]im5t ^u ! ,wylam waggon-way4 ,he accord+ly obta9$ f ,trevi?ick1 9 ,octob]1 #ahjd1 a plan ( 8 eng9e1 provid$ ) friction-:eels1 & employ$ ,mr4 ,john ,:9field1 ( ,pipewellgate1 ,gate%ead1 to con/ruct x at 8 f\ndry !re4 ,! eng9e 0 con/ruct$ "u ! sup]9t5d5ce ( "o ,john ,/eele1 an +5i\s me*anic :o _h be5 9 ,wales1 & work$ "u ,trevi?ick 9 fitt+ ! eng9e at ,p5-y-d>ran4 ,:5 ! ,gate%ead locomotive 0 f9i%$1 a tempor>y way 0 laid d[n 9 ! works1 on :i* x 0 run backw>ds & =w>ds _m times4 ,= "s reason1 h[ev]--x is said because ! eng9e 0 deem$ too light = draw+ ! coal-tra9s--x nev] left ! works1 b 0 dism\nt$ f ! :eels1 & set to bl[ ! cupola ( ! f\ndry1 9 :i* s]vice x long cont9u$ to be employ$4 ,sev]al ye>s elaps$ be=e ,mr4 ,blackett took any fur!r /eps to c>ry out 8 idea4 ,! f9al ab&onm5t ( ,trevi?ick's locomotive at ,p5-y-d>ran p]haps contribut$ to det] him f proce$+ fur!r2 b he _h ! wood5 tramway tak5 up 9 #ahjh1 & a plate-way ( ca/-iron laid d[n in/ead--a s+le l9e furni%$ ) sid+s to enable ! lad5 waggons to pass ! empty ones4 ,! new iron road prov$ s mu* smoo!r ?an ! old wood5 "o1 t a s+le horse1 in/ead ( draw+ "o1 0 n[ enabl$ to draw two1 or ev5 ?ree1 lad5 waggons4 ,enc\rag$ by ! success ( ,mr4 ,bl5k9sop's exp]im5t at ,le$s1 ,mr4 ,blackett det]m9$ to foll[ 8 example2 & 9 #ahab he ord]$ a second eng9e1 to "w ) a too!d driv+-:eel ^u a rack-rail4 ,?is locomotive 0 con/ruct$ by ,?omas ,wat]s1 ( ,gate%ead1 "u ! sup]9t5d5ce ( ,jona?an ,fo/]1 ,mr4 ,blackett's pr9cipal eng9e-wright4 ,x 0 a comb9ation ( ,trevi?ick's & ,bl5k9sop's eng9es2 b x 0 ( a m awkw>d con/ruction ?an ei!r4 ,! boil] 0 ( ca/-iron4 ,! eng9e 0 provid$ ) a s+le cyl9d] six in*es 9 diamet]1 ) a fly-:eel work+ at "o side to c>ry ! crank ov] ! dead po9ts4 ,jona?an ,fo/] describ$ x to ! au?or 9 #ahed1 z a /range ma*9e1 ) lots ( pumps1 cog-:eels1 & plugs1 requir+ con/ant att5tion :ile at "w4 ,! weight ( ! :ole 0 ab\t six tons4 ,:5 f9i%$1 x 0 convey$ to ,wylam on a waggon1 & !re m\nt$ ^u a wood5 frame support$ by f\r pairs ( :eels1 :i* _h be5 con/ruct$ = its reception4 ,a b>rel ( wat]1 plac$ on ano!r frame ^u :eels1 0 atta*$ to x z a t5d]4 ,aft] a great deal ( lab\r1 ! cumbr\s ma*9e 0 got ^u ! road4 ,at fir/ x w\ld n move an in*4 ,its mak]1 ,tommy ,wat]s1 became impati5t1 & at l5g? enrag$1 & tak+ hold ( ! lev] ( ! safety valve1 decl>$ 9 8 desp]ation1 t ei!r %e or he %\ld g4 ,at l5g? ! ma*9]y 0 set 9 motion1 on :i*1 z ,jona?an ,fo/] describ$ to ! au?or %e flew all to pieces1 & x 0 ! bigge/ wond] i' ! _w t we 7 n all blewn up4 ,! incompet5t & useless eng9e 0 decl>$ to be a failure2 x 0 %ortly aft] dism\nt$ & sold2 & ,mr4 ,blackett's praisewor?y ef=ts ?us f> prov$ 9 va94 ,he 0 /ill1 h[ev]1 desir\s ( te/+ ! practicability ( employ+ locomotive p[] 9 work+ ! coal d[n to ,lem+ton1 & he det]m9$ on ano!r trial4 ,he accord+ly direct$ 8 eng9e-wright to proce$ ) ! build+ ( a ?ird eng9e 9 ! ,wylam work%ops4 ,?is new locomotive _h a s+le #h-;in* cyl9d]1 0 provid$ ) a fly-:eel l its pr$ecessor1 & ! driv+-:eel 0 cogg$ on "o side to enable x to travel 9 ! rack-rail laid along ! road4 ,?is eng9e prov$ m successful ?an ! =m] "o2 & x 0 f\nd capable ( dragg+ eight or n9e load$ waggons1 ?\gh at ! rate ( little m ?an a mile an h\r1 f ! colli]y to ! %ipp+-place4 ,x sometimes took six h\rs to p]=m ! j\rney ( five miles4 ,its weight 0 f\nd too great = ! road1 & ! ca/-iron plates 7 con/antly break+4 ,x 0 also v apt to get (f ! rack-rail1 & !n x /ood /ill4 ,! driv] 0 "o day ask$ h[ he got on8 ,get on8 said he1 we don't get on2 we only get (f6 ,on su* occasions1 horses _h to be s5t to drag ! waggons z be=e1 & o!rs to haul ! eng9e back to ! "w-%ops4 ,x 0 con/antly gett+ out ( ord]2 its plugs1 pumps1 or cranks1 got wrong2 x 0 "u repair z (t5 z at "w2 at l5g? x became s cranky t ! horses 7 usually s5t out aft] x to drag x :5 x gave up2 & ! workm5 g5]ally decl>$ x to be a p]fect plague4 ,mr4 ,blackett did n obta9 cr$it among/ 8 neighb\rs = ^! exp]im5ts4 ,_m laugh$ at 8 ma*9es1 reg>d+ !m only 9 ! light ( crot*ets1--frequ5tly quot+ ! prov]b t a fool & 8 money are soon p>t$4 ,o!rs reg>d$ !m z absurd innovations on ! e/abli%$ me?od ( haul+ coal2 & pron\nc$ t !y w\ld nev] answ]4 ,not)/&+1 h[ev]1 ! comp>ative failure ( ?is second locomotive1 ,mr4 ,blackett p]sev]$ ) 8 exp]im5ts4 ,he 0 zeal\sly assi/$ by ,jona?an ,fo/] ! eng9e-wright1 & ,william ,h$ley1 ! view] ( ! colli]y1 a highly +5i\s p]son1 :o prov$ ( great use 9 c>ry+ out ! exp]im5ts to a successful issue4 ,"o ( ! *ief causes ( failure be+ ! rack-rail1 ! idea occurr$ to ,mr4 ,h$ley t x might be possible to secure adhesion en\gh betwe5 ! :eel & ! rail by ! m]e weight ( ! eng9e1 & he proce$$ to make a s]ies ( exp]im5ts = ! purpose ( det]m9+ ?is problem4 ,he _h a frame plac$ on f\r :eels1 & fitt$ up ) w9dlasses atta*$ by ge>+ to ! sev]al :eels4 ,! frame hav+ be5 prop]ly weight$1 six m5 7 set to "w ! w9dlasses2 :5 x 0 f\nd t ! adhesion ( ! smoo? :eels on ! smoo? rails 0 q suffici5t to enable !m to propel ! ma*9e )\t slipp+4 ,hav+ f\nd ! proportion :i* ! p[] bore to ! weight1 he demon/rat$ by successive exp]im5ts t ! weight ( ! eng9e w\ld ( itself produce suffici5t adhesion to enable x to draw ^u a smoo? railroad ! requisite numb] ( waggons 9 all k9ds ( wea!r4 ,& ?us 0 ! fallacy :i* _h h]et(ore prevail$ on ?is subject completely explod$1 & x 0 satisfactorily prov$ t rack-rails1 too!d :eels1 endless *a9s1 & legs1 7 alike unnecess>y = ! effici5t traction ( load$ waggons ^u a mod]ately level road4 ,f ?is "t =w>d consid]ably less difficulty 0 exp]i5c$ 9 work+ ! coal tra9s ^u ! ,wylam tramroad4 ,at l5g? ! rack-rail 0 disp5s$ )4 ,! road 0 laid ) heavi] rails2 ! work+ ( ! old eng9e 0 improv$2 & a new eng9e 0 %ortly aft] built & plac$ ^u ! road1 /ill on eight :eels1 driv5 by sev5 rack-:eels work+ inside !m--) a wr\ght-iron boil] ?r\gh :i* ! flue 0 return$ s z l>gely to increase ! heat+ surface1 & ?us give increas$ p[] to ! eng9e4 ,picture3 ,improv$ ,wylam ,eng9e ,z may readily be imag9$1 ! jets ( /eam f ! pi/on1 bl[+ (f into ! air at high pressure :ile ! eng9e 0 9 motion1 caus$ consid]able annoyance to horses pass+ along ! ,wylam road1 at t "t a public highway4 ,! nuisance 0 felt to be almo/ intol]able1 & a neighb\r+ g5tleman ?reat5$ to h x put d[n4 ,to dim9i% ! noise z mu* z possible1 ,mr4 ,blackett gave ord]s t s soon z any horse1 or horses1 came 9 sight1 ! locomotive 0 to be /opp$1 & ! frightful bla/ ( ! eng9e ?us susp5d$ until ! pass+ animals _h got out ( he>+4 ,mu* int]ruption 0 ?us caus$ to ! work+ ( ! railway1 & x excit$ consid]able dissatisfaction among/ ! workm54 ,! foll[+ plan 0 adopt$ to abate ! nuisance3 a res]voir 0 provid$ imm$iately beh9d ! *imney 7z %[n 9 ! prec$+ cut7 into :i* ! wa/e /eam 0 ?r[n aft] x _h p]=m$ its (fice 9 ! cyl9d]2 & f ?is res]voir1 ! /eam gradually escap$ into ! atmosph]e )\t noise4 ,:ile ,mr4 ,blackett 0 ?us exp]im5t+ & build+ locomotives at ,wylam1 ,george ,/eph5son 0 anxi\sly /udy+ ! same subject at ,kill+wor?4 ,he 0 no soon] appo9t$ eng9e-wright ( ! colli]ies ?an 8 att5tion 0 direct$ to ! means ( m economically haul+ ! coal f ! pits to ! riv]-side4 ,we h se5 t "o ( ! fir/ important improvem5ts :i* he made1 aft] be+ plac$ 9 *>ge ( ! colli]y ma*9]y1 0 to apply ! surplus p[] ( a pump+ /eam-eng9e1 fix$ und]gr\nd1 to draw+ ! coals out ( ! deep] work+s ( ! ,kill+wor? m9es1--by :i* he succe$$ 9 effect+ a l>ge r$uction 9 ! exp5diture on manual & horse lab\r4 ,! coals1 :5 br\ght above gr\nd1 _h next to be labori\sly dragg$ by horses to ! %ipp+ /ai?s on ! ,tyne1 sev]al miles di/ant4 ,! adoption ( a tramroad1 x is true1 _h t5d$ to facilitate _! transit4 ,nev]!less ! haulage 0 bo? t$i\s & co/ly4 ,) ! view ( economis+ lab\r1 ,/eph5son laid d[n incl9$ planes :]e ! nature ( ! gr\nd w\ld admit ( ?is exp$i5t4 ,?us1 a tra9 ( full waggons let d[n ! incl9e by means ( a rope runn+ ov] :eels laid along ! tramroad1 ! o!r end ( :i* 0 atta*$ to a tra9 ( empty waggons plac$ at ! bottom ( ! p>allel road on ! same incl9e1 dragg$ !m up by ! simple p[] ( gravity4 ,b ?is appli$ only to a comp>atively small "p ( ! road4 ,an economical me?od ( work+ ! coal tra9s1 in/ead ( by horses1--! keep ( :i* 0 at t "t v co/ly1 f ! high price ( corn1--0 /ill a great desid]atum2 & ! be/ practical m9ds 9 ! colli]ies 7 actively engag$ 9 ! attempt to solve ! problem4 ,9 ! fir/ place ,/eph5son resolv$ to make himself ?or\ghly acqua9t$ ) :at _h already be5 done4 ,mr4 ,blackett's eng9es 7 work+ daily at ,wylam1 pa/ ! cottage :]e he _h be5 born2 & ?i!r he frequ5tly w5t to inspect ! improvem5ts made by ,mr4 ,blackett f "t to "t bo? 9 ! locomotive & 9 ! plateway along :i* x work$4 ,jona?an ,fo/] in=m$ u t1 aft] "o ( ^! visits1 ,/eph5son decl>$ to him 8 conviction t a mu* m effective eng9e might be made1 t %\ld "w m /eadily & draw ! load m effectively4 ,he _h also ! advantage1 ab\t ! same "t1 ( see+ "o ( ,bl5k9sop's ,le$s eng9es1 :i* 0 plac$ on ! tramway lead+ f ! colli]ies ( ,k5ton & ,coxlodge1 on ! #bnd ,septemb]1 #ahac4 ,?is locomotive drew sixte5 *aldron waggons conta9+ an aggregate weight ( sev5ty tons1 at ! rate ( ab\t ?ree miles an h\r4 ,george ,/eph5son & sev]al ( ! ,kill+wor? m5 7 among/ ! cr[d ( spectators t day2 & aft] exam9+ ! eng9e & obs]v+ its p]=mances1 he obs]v$ to 8 companions1 t he ?\ght he c\ld make a bett] eng9e ?an t1 to g ^u legs4 ,probably he _h he>d ( ! inv5tion ( ,brunton1 ^: pat5t _h by ?is "t be5 publi%$1 & prov$ ! subject ( mu* curi\s speculation 9 ! colli]y di/ricts4 ,c]ta9 x is1 t1 %ortly aft] ! inspection ( ! ,coxlodge eng9e1 he contemplat$ ! con/ruction ( a new locomotive1 :i* 0 to surpass all t _h prec$$ x4 ,he obs]v$ t ^? eng9es :i* _h be5 con/ruct$ up to ?is "t1 h[ev] +5i\s 9 _! arrangem5ts1 _h prov$ practical failures4 ,mr4 ,blackett's 0 z yet bo? clumsy & exp5sive4 ,*apman's _h be5 remov$ f ! ,heaton tramway 9 #ahab1 & 0 reg>d$ z a total failure4 ,& ! ,bl5k9sop eng9e at ,coxlodge 0 f\nd v un/eady & co/ly 9 its work+2 besides1 x pull$ ! rails to pieces1 ! entire /ra9 be+ ^u ! rack-rail on "o side ( ! road4 ,! boil]1 h[ev]1 hav+ soon aft] bl[n up1 !re 0 an end ( t eng9e2 & ! colli]y own]s did n feel enc\rag$ to try any fur!r exp]im5t4 ,an effici5t & economical work+ locomotive1 !re=e1 /ill rema9$ to be inv5t$2 & to accompli% ?is object ,mr4 ,/eph5son n[ appli$ himself4 ,pr(it+ by :at 8 pr$ecessors _h done1 w>n$ by _! failures & enc\rag$ by _! p>tial successes1 he comm5c$ 8 lab\rs4 ,!re 0 /ill want+ ! man :o %\ld accompli% = ! locomotive :at ,james ,watt _h done = ! /eam-eng9e1 & comb9e 9 a complete =m ! be/ po9ts 9 ! sep>ate plans ( o!rs1 embody+ ) !m su* orig9al inv5tions & adaptations ( 8 own z to entitle him to ! m]it ( inv5t+ ! work+ locomotive1 9 ! same mann] z ,james ,watt is to be reg>d$ z ! inv5tor ( ! work+ cond5s+-eng9e4 ,?is 0 ! great "w ^u :i* ,george ,/eph5son n[ ent]$1 ?\gh probably )\t any adequate idea ( ! ultimate importance ( 8 lab\rs to society & civilization4 ,he proce$$ to br+ ! subject ( con/ruct+ a ,travell+ ,eng9e1 z he !n d5om9at$ ! locomotive1 "u ! notice ( ! lessees ( ! ,kill+wor? ,colli]y1 9 ! ye> #ahac4 ,"l ,rav5swor?1 ! pr9cipal p>tn]1 _h already =m$ a v fav\rable op9ion ( ! new eng9e-wright1 f ! improvem5ts :i* he _h effect$ 9 ! colli]y eng9es1 bo? above & bel[ gr\nd2 &1 aft] consid]+ ! matt]1 & he>+ ,/eph5son's explanations1 he au?oris$ him to proce$ ) ! con/ruction ( a locomotive1--?\gh 8 lord%ip 01 by "s1 call$ a fool = advanc+ money = su* a purpose4 ,! fir/ locomotive t ,i made1 said ,/eph5son1 _m ye>s aft]1 #hb :5 speak+ ( 8 e>ly c>e] at a public meet+ 9 ,newca/le1 0 at ,kill+wor? ,colli]y1 & ) ,"l ,rav5swor?'s money4 ,yes2 ,"l ,rav5swor? & p>tn]s 7 ! fir/ to entru/ me1 ?irty-two ye>s s9ce1 ) money to make a locomotive eng9e4 ,i said to my fri5ds1 !re 0 no limit to ! spe$ ( su* an eng9e1 if ! works c\ld be made to /&4 ,our eng9e-wright _h1 h[ev]1 _m ob/acles to enc\nt] be=e he c\ld get fairly to "w ) ! erection ( 8 locomotive4 ,8 *ief difficulty 0 9 f9d+ workm5 suffici5tly skill$ 9 me*anics1 & 9 ! use ( tools1 to foll[ 8 in/ructions & embody 8 designs 9 a practical %ape4 ,! tools !n 9 use ab\t ! colli]ies 7 rude & clumsy2 & !re 7 no su* facilities z n[ exi/ = turn+ out ma*9]y ( an entirely new "*4 ,/eph5son 0 "u ! necessity ( work+ ) su* m5 & tools z 7 at 8 comm&2 & he _h 9 a great measure to tra9 & in/ruct ! workm5 himself4 ,! eng9e 0 built 9 ! work%ops at ! ,we/ ,moor1 ! lead+ me*anic employ$ be+ ! colli]y blacksmi?1 an excell5t workman 9 8 way1 ?\gh q new to ! "w n[ entru/$ to him4 ,9 ?is fir/ locomotive con/ruct$ at ,kill+wor?1 ,/eph5son to "s ext5t foll[$ ! plan ( ,bl5k9sop's eng9e4 ,! boil] 0 cyl9drical1 ( wr\ght iron1 #h feet 9 l5g? & #cd in*es 9 diamet]1 ) an int]nal flue-tube #bj in*es wide pass+ ?r\gh x4 ,! eng9e _h two v]tical cyl9d]s ( #h in*es diamet]1 & #b feet /roke1 let into ! boil]1 work+ ! propell+ ge> ) cross heads & connect+ rods4 ,! p[] ( ! two cyl9d]s 0 comb9$ by means ( spur:eels1 :i* communicat$ ! motive p[] to ! :eels support+ ! eng9e on ! rail1 in/ead (1 z 9 ,bl5k9sop's eng9e1 to cog:eels :i* act$ on ! cogg$ rail indep5d5t ( ! f\r support+ :eels4 ,! eng9e ?us work$ ^u :at is t]m$ ! second motion4 ,! *imney 0 ( wr\ght iron1 r\nd :i* 0 a *amb] ext5d+ back to ! fe$-pumps1 = ! purpose ( heat+ ! wat] previ\s to its injection into ! boil]4 ,! eng9e _h no spr+s1 & 0 m\nt$ on a wood5 frame support$ on f\r :eels4 ,9 ord] to neutralise z mu* z possible ! jolts & %ocks :i* su* an eng9e w\ld necess>ily enc\nt] f ! ob/acles & inequalities ( ! !n v imp]fect plateway1 ! wat]-b>rel :i* s]v$ = a t5d] 0 fix$ to ! end ( a lev] & weight$1 ! o!r end ( ! lev] be+ connect$ ) ! frame ( ! locomotive c>riage4 ,by ?is means ! weight ( ! two 0 m equally di/ribut$1 ?\gh ! contrivance did n by any means comp5sate = ! abs5ce ( spr+s4 ,picture3 ,! ,spur-ge> ,! :eels ( ! locomotive 7 all smoo?1 ,mr4 ,/eph5son hav+ satisfi$ himself by exp]im5t t ! adhesion betwe5 ! :eels ( a load$ eng9e & ! rail w\ld be suffici5t = ! purpose ( traction4 ,rob]t ,/eph5son in=m$ u t 8 fa!r caus$ a numb] ( workm5 to m\nt ^u ! :eels ( a waggon mod]ately load$1 & ?r[ _! entire weight ^u ! spokes on "o side1 :5 he f\nd t ! waggon c\ld ?us be easily propell$ =w>d )\t ! :eels slipp+4 ,?is1 toge!r ) o!r exp]im5ts1 satisfi$ him ( ! exp$i5cy ( adopt+ smoo? :eels on 8 eng9e1 & x 0 s f9i%$ accord+ly4 ,! eng9e 01 aft] mu* lab\r & anxiety1 & frequ5t alt]ations ( p>ts1 at l5g? br\ght to completion1 hav+ be5 ab\t t5 mon?s 9 h&4 ,x 0 plac$ ^u ! ,kill+wor? ,railway on ! #be? ,july1 #ahad2 & its p[]s 7 tri$ on ! same day4 ,on an asc5d+ gradi5t ( #a 9 #dej1 ! eng9e succe$$ 9 draw+ aft] x eight load$ c>riages ( ?irty tons' weight at ab\t f\r miles an h\r2 & = "s "t aft] x cont9u$ regul>ly at "w4 ,al?\gh a consid]able advance ^u previ\s locomotives1 ,blut*] 7z ! eng9e 0 popul>ly call$7 0 nev]!less a some:at cumbr\s & clumsy ma*9e4 ,! p>ts 7 huddl$ toge!r4 ,! boil] con/itut$ ! pr9cipal feature2 & be+ ! f\ndation ( ! o!r p>ts1 x 0 made to d duty n only z a g5]ator ( /eam1 b also z a basis = ! fix+s ( ! ma*9]y & = ! be>+s ( ! :eels & axles4 ,! want ( spr+s 0 s]i\sly felt2 & ! progress ( ! eng9e 0 a succession ( jolts1 caus+ consid]able d]angem5t to ! ma*9]y4 ,! mode ( communicat+ ! motive p[] to ! :eels by means ( ! spur-ge> also caus$ frequ5t j]ks1 ea* cyl9d] alt]nately propell+ or becom+ propell$ by ! o!r1 z ! pressure ( ! "o ^u ! :eels became great] or less ?an ! pressure ( ! o!r2 & :5 ! tee? ( ! cog:eels became at all worn1 a rattl+ noise 0 produc$ dur+ ! travell+ ( ! eng9e4 ,z ! pr9cipal te/ ( ! success ( ! locomotive 0 its economy z comp>$ ) horse p[]1 c>eful calculations 7 made ) ! view ( asc]ta9+ ?is important po9t4 ,! result 01 t x 0 f\nd ! work+ ( ! eng9e 0 at fir/ b>ely economical2 & at ! end ( ! ye> ! /eam p[] & ! horse p[] 7 asc]ta9$ to be z ne>ly z possible ^u a p> 9 po9t ( co/4 ,! fate ( ! locomotive 9 a great measure dep5d$ on ?is v eng9e4 ,its spe$ 0 n beyond t ( a horse's walk1 & ! heat+ surface pres5t$ to ! fire be+ comp>atively small1 suffici5t /eam c\ld n be rais$ to enable x to accompli% m on an av]age ?an ab\t f\r miles an h\r4 ,! result 0 any?+ b decisive2 & ! locomotive might h be5 condemn$ z useless1 _h n our eng9e] at ?is juncture appli$ ! /eam-bla/1 & by its means c>ri$ 8 exp]im5t to a triumphant issue4 ,! /eam1 aft] p]=m+ its duty 9 ! cyl9d]s1 0 at fir/ all[$ to escape into ! op5 atmosph]e ) a hiss+ bla/1 to ! t]ror ( horses & cattle4 ,x 0 compla9$ ( z a nuisance2 & an action at law aga9/ ! colli]y lessees 0 ?reat5$ unless x 0 /opp$4 ,/eph5son's att5tion _h be5 drawn to ! mu* great] velocity ) :i* ! /eam issu$ f ! exit pipe comp>$ ) t at :i* ! smoke escap$ f ! *imney4 ,he conceiv$ t1 by convey+ ! eduction /eam into ! *imney1 by means ( a small pipe1 aft] x _h p]=m$ its (fice 9 ! cyl9d]s1 all[+ x to escape 9 a v]tical direction1 its velocity w\ld be imp>t$ to ! smoke f ! fire1 or to ! asc5d+ curr5t ( air 9 ! *imney1 !reby increas+ ! draft1 & consequ5tly ! int5sity ( combu/ion 9 ! furnace4 ,! exp]im5t 0 no soon] made ?an ! p[] ( ! eng9e 0 at once m ?an d\bl$2 combu/ion 0 /imulat$ by ! bla/2 consequ5tly ! capability ( ! boil] to g5]ate /eam 0 greatly increas$1 & ! effective p[] ( ! eng9e augm5t$ 9 precisely ! same proportion1 )\t 9 any way add+ to its weight4 ,?is simple b beautiful exp$i5t 0 really fraught ) ! mo/ important consequ5ces to railway communication2 & x is n too mu* to say t ! success ( ! locomotive has 9 a great measure be5 ! result ( its adoption4 ,)\t ! /eam-bla/1 by means ( :i* ! int5sity ( combu/ion is ma9ta9$ at its highe/ po9t1 produc+ a correspond+ly rapid evolution ( /eam1 high rates ( spe$ c\ld n h be5 kept up2 ! advantages ( ! multi-tubul> boil] 7aft]w>ds inv5t$7 c\ld nev] h be5 fairly te/$2 & locomotives might /ill h be5 dragg+ !mselves unwieldily along at little m ?an five or six miles an h\r4 ,! /eam-bla/ _h sc>cely be5 adopt$1 ) s decid$ a success1 :5 ,/eph5son1 obs]v+ ! num]\s defects 9 8 eng9e1 & pr(it+ by ! exp]i5ce :i* he _h already acquir$1 det]m9$ to con/ruct a second eng9e1 9 :i* to embody 8 improvem5ts 9 _! be/ =m4 ,c>eful & cauti\s obs]vation ( ! work+ ( 8 locomotive _h conv9c$ him t ! complication aris+ out ( ! action ( ! two cyl9d]s be+ comb9$ by spur-:eels w\ld prev5t its com+ into practical use4 ,he accord+ly direct$ 8 att5tion to an entire *ange 9 ! con/ruction & me*anical arrangem5ts ( ! ma*9e2 & 9 ! foll[+ ye>1 conjo9tly ) ,mr4 ,dodds1 :o provid$ ! necess>y funds1 he took out a pat5t1 dat$ ! #bh? ( ,febru>y1 #ahae1 = an eng9e :i* comb9$ 9 a rem>kable degree ! ess5tial requisites ( an economical locomotive2 t is to say1 few p>ts1 simplicity 9 _! action1 & directness 9 ! mode by :i* ! p[] 0 communicat$ to ! :eels support+ ! eng9e4 ,?is locomotive1 l ! fir/1 _h two v]tical cyl9d]s1 :i* communicat$ directly ) ea* pair ( ! f\r :eels t support$ ! eng9e1 by means ( a cross head & a pair ( connect+ rods4 ,b 9 attempt+ to e/abli% a direct communication betwe5 ! cyl9d]s & ! :eels t roll$ ^u ! rails1 consid]able difficulties pres5t$ !mselves4 ,! ord9>y jo9ts c\ld n be employ$ to unite ! p>ts ( ! eng9e1 :i* 0 a rigid mass1 ) ! :eels loll+ ^u ! irregul> surface ( ! rails2 = x 0 evid5t t ! two rails ( ! l9e ( way--m especially 9 ^? e>ly days ( imp]fect con/ruction ( ! p]man5t road--c\ld n always be ma9ta9$ at ! same level1--t ! :eel at "o end ( ! axle might be depress$ into "o "p ( ! l9e :i* _h subsid$1 :il/ ! o!r :eel w\ld be comp>atively elevat$2 & 9 su* a position ( ! axle & :eels1 x 0 obvi\s t a rigid communication betwe5 ! cross head & ! :eels 0 impracticable4 ,h5ce x became necess>y to =m a jo9t at ! top ( ! pi/on-rod :]e x unit$ ) ! cross head1 s z to p]mit ! cross head to pres]ve complete p>allelism ) ! axle ( ! :eels ) :i* x 0 9 communication4 ,9 ord] to obta9 t degree ( flexibility comb9$ ) direct action1 :i* 0 ess5tial = ensur+ p[] & avoid+ ne$less friction & j>s f irregul>ities 9 ! road1 ,/eph5son made use ( ! ball & socket jo9t = effect+ a union betwe5 ! ends ( ! cross heads :]e !y unit$ ) ! connect+ rods1 & betwe5 ! ends ( ! connect+ rods :]e !y 7 unit$ ) ! crank-p9s atta*$ to ea* driv+-:eel4 ,by ?is arrangem5t ! p>allelism betwe5 ! cross head & ! axle 0 at all times ma9ta9$ & pres]v$1 )\t produc+ any s]i\s j> or friction on any "p ( ! ma*9e4 ,ano!r important po9t 01 to comb9e ea* pair ( :eels by means ( "s simple me*anism in/ead ( by ! cog:eels :i* _h =m]ly be5 us$4 ,&1 ) ?is object1 ,/eph5son made cranks 9 ea* axle at "r angles to ea* o!r1 ) rods communicat+ horizontally betwe5 !m4 ,a locomotive 0 con/ruct$ ^u ?is plan 9 #ahae1 & 0 f\nd to answ] extremely well4 ,b at t p]iod ! me*anical skill ( ! c\ntry 0 n equal to =g+ crank$ axles ( ! s\ndness & /r5g? necess>y to /& ! j>s incid5t to locomotive "w4 ,/eph5son 0 accord+ly compell$ to fall back ^u a sub/itute1 :i*1 al?\gh less simple & effici5t1 0 )9 ! me*anical capabilities ( ! workm5 ( t day1 9 respect ( con/ruction z well z repair4 ,he adopt$ a *a9 :i* roll$ ov] ind5t$ :eels plac$ on ! c5tre ( ea* axle1 & 0 s arrang$ t ! two pairs ( :eels 7 effectually c\pl$ & made to keep pace ) ea* o!r4 ,! *a91 h[ev]1 aft] a few ye>s' use1 became /ret*$2 & !n ! eng9es 7 liable to irregul>ity 9 _! work+1 especially 9 *ang+ f work+ back to work+ =w>d aga94 ,ev5tually ! *a9 0 laid aside1 & ! front & h9d :eels 7 unit$ by rods on ! outside1 in/ead ( by rods & crank axles inside1 z specifi$ 9 ! orig9al pat5t4 ,?is exp$i5t completely answ]$ ! purpose requir$1 )\t involv+ any exp5sive or difficult workman%ip4 ,?us1 9 #ahae1 by d9t ( pati5t & p]sev]+ lab\r1--by c>eful obs]vation ( ! works ( o!rs1 & nev] neglect+ to avail himself ( _! sugge/ions1--,/eph5son succe$$ 9 manufactur+ an eng9e :i* includ$ ! foll[+ important improvem5ts on all previ\s attempts 9 ! same direction3--viz41 simple & direct communication betwe5 ! cyl9d]s & ! :eels roll+ ^u ! rails2 jo9t adhesion ( all ! :eels1 atta9$ by ! use ( horizontal connect+-rods2 & f9ally1 a beautiful me?od ( excit+ ! combu/ion ( ! fuel by employ+ ! wa/e /eam1 :i* _h =m]ly be5 all[$ to escape uselessly into ! air4 ,al?\gh _m improvem5ts 9 detail 7 aft]w>ds introduc$ 9 ! locomotive by ,george ,/eph5son himself1 z well z by 8 equally di/+ui%$ son1 x is p]haps n too mu* to say t ?is eng9e1 z a me*anical contrivance1 conta9$ ! g]m ( all t has s9ce be5 effect$4 ,x may 9 fact be reg>d$ z ! type ( ! pres5t locomotive eng9e4 ,,*apt] ,,vi4 ,,inv5tion ,,( ,,! ,,geordy ,,safety-,,lamp4 ,explosions ( fire-damp 7 unusually frequ5t 9 ! coal m9es ( ,nor?umb]l& & ,durham ab\t ! "t :5 ,george ,/eph5son 0 engag$ 9 ! con/ruction ( 8 fir/ locomotives4 ,^! explosions 7 (t5 att5d$ ) fe>ful loss ( life & dreadful suff]+ to ! workpeople4 ,kill+wor? ,colli]y 0 n free f su* deplorable calamities2 & dur+ ! "t t ,/eph5son 0 employ$ z a brakesman at ! ,we/ ,moor1 sev]al bla/s took place 9 ! pit1 by :i* _m workm5 7 scor*$ & kill$1 & ! own]s ( ! colli]y su/a9$ heavy losses4 ,"o ( ! mo/ s]i\s ( ^! accid5ts occurr$ 9 #ahjf1 n long aft] he _h be5 appo9t$ brakesman1 by :i* #aj p]sons 7 kill$4 ,/eph5son 0 work+ at ! m\? ( ! pit at ! "t1 & ! circum/ances connect$ ) ! accid5t made a deep impression on 8 m9d4 ,ano!r explosion took place 9 ! same pit 9 #ahji1 by :i* #ab p]sons lo/ _! lives4 ,! bla/ did n rea* ! %aft z 9 ! =m] case2 ! un=tunate p]sons 9 ! pit hav+ be5 suffocat$ by ! aft]-damp4 ,m calamit\s /ill 7 ! explosions :i* took place 9 ! neighb\r+ colli]ies2 "o ( ! wor/ be+ t ( #ahab1 9 ! ,fell+ ,pit1 ne> ,gate%ead1 by :i* no few] ?an #ij m5 & boys 7 suffocat$ or burnt to dea?4 ,& a simil> accid5t occurr$ 9 ! same pit 9 ! ye> foll[+1 by :i* #bb p]sons p]i%$4 ,x 0 natural t ,george ,/eph5son %\ld devote 8 att5tion to ! causes ( ^! deplorable accid5ts1 & to ! means by :i* !y might if possible be prev5t$4 ,8 daily occupation l$ him to ?9k mu* & deeply on ! subject4 ,z eng9e-wright ( a colli]y s ext5sive z t ( ,kill+wor?1 :]e !re 7 ne>ly #afj miles ( gall]y excavation1 9 :i* he p]sonally sup]9t5d$ ! work+ ( ! incl9$ planes along :i* ! coals 7 s5t to ! pit entrance1 he 0 necess>ily v (t5 und]gr\nd1 & br\ght face to face ) ! dang]s ( fire-damp4 ,f fissures 9 ! ro(s ( ! gall]ies1 c>burett$ hydrog5 gas 0 con/antly fl[+2 9 "s ( ! m dang]\s places x might be he>d escap+ f ! crevices ( ! coal ) a hiss+ noise4 ,v5tilation1 fir+1 & all conceivable modes ( draw+ out ! f\l air _h be5 adopt$1 & ! m dang]\s p>ts ( ! gall]ies 7 built up4 ,/ill ! dang] c\ld n be :olly prev5t$4 ,! m9]s mu/ necess>ily guide _! /eps ?r\gh ! ext5sive und]gr\nd ways ) light$ lamps or c&les1 ! nak$ flame ( :i*1 com+ 9 contact ) ! inflammable air1 daily expos$ !m & _! fell[-work]s 9 ! pit to ! risk ( dea? 9 "o ( its mo/ dreadful =ms4 ,"o day1 9 #ahad1 a workman hurri$ into ,/eph5son's cottage ) ! />tl+ in=mation t ! deepe/ ma9 ( ! colli]y 0 on fire6 ,he imm$iately ha/5$ to ! pit-head1 ab\t a hundr$ y>ds (f1 :i!r ! wom5 & *ildr5 ( ! colli]y 7 runn+1 ) wildness & t]ror depict$ 9 e face4 ,9 a comm&+ voice ,/eph5son ord]$ ! eng9eman to l[] him d[n ! %aft 9 ! corve4 ,!re 0 p]il1 x might be dea?1 be=e him1 b he mu/ g4 ,he 0 soon at ! bottom1 & 9 ! mid/ ( ! m51 :o 7 p>alys$ by ! dang] :i* ?reat5$ ! lives ( all 9 ! pit4 ,leap+ f ! corve on its t\*+ ! gr\nd1 he call$ out2 ,are !re six m5 among y :o h c\rage to foll[ me8 ,if s1 come1 & we w put ! fire out4 ,! ,kill+wor? pitm5 _h ! mo/ p]fect confid5ce 9 _! eng9e-wright1 & !y readily volunte]$ to foll[ him4 ,picture3 ,! ,pit ,head1 ,we/ ,moor ,sil5ce succe$$ ! frantic tumult ( ! previ\s m9ute1 & ! m5 set to "w ) a w4 ,9 e m9e1 bricks1 mort>1 & tools en\gh are at h&1 & by ,/eph5son's direction ! mat]ials 7 =?) c>ri$ to ! requir$ spot1 :]e1 9 a v %ort "t a wall 0 rais$ at ! entrance to ! ma91 he himself tak+ ! mo/ active "p 9 ! "w4 ,! atmosph]ic air 0 by ?is means exclud$1 ! fire 0 ext+ui%$1 ! p 7 sav$ f dea?1 & ! m9e 0 pres]v$4 ,?is anecdote ( ,/eph5son 0 relat$ to ! writ]1 ne> ! pit-m\?1 by "o ( ! m5 :o _h be5 pres5t & help$ to build up ! brick wall by :i* ! fire 0 /ay$1 ?\gh sev]al workm5 7 suffocat$4 ,he relat$ t1 :5 d[n ! pit "s days aft]1 seek+ out ! dead bodies1 ! cause ( ! accid5t 0 ! subject ( conv]sation1 & ,/eph5son 0 ask$1 ,c no?+ be done to prev5t su* awful occurr5ces8 ,8 reply 0 t he ?\ght some?+ might be done4 ,!n1 said ! o!r1 ! soon] y />t ! bett]2 = ! price ( coal-m9+ n[ is pitm5's lives4 ,fifty ye>s s9ce1 _m ( ! be/ pits 7 s full ( ! inflammable gas giv5 =? by ! coal1 t !y c\ld n be work$ )\t ! greate/ dang]2 & = ?is reason "s 7 altoge!r ab&on$1 ,! rude/ possible me?ods 7 adopt$ ( produc+ light suffici5t to enable ! pitm5 to "w by4 ,! phosphoresc5ce ( decay$ fi%-sk9s 0 tri$2 b ?is1 ?\gh safe1 0 v ineffici5t4 ,! mo/ common me?od employ$ 0 :at 0 call$ a /eel mill1 ! not*$ :eel ( :i*1 be+ made to revolve aga9/ a fl9t1 /ruck a succession ( sp>ks1 :i* sc>cely s]v$ to d m ?an make ! d>kness visible4 ,a boy c>ri$ ! app>atus aft] ! m9]1 work+ ! :eel1 & by ! imp]fect light ?us giv5 =? he pli$ 8 dang]\s trade4 ,c&les 7 only us$ 9 ^? p>ts ( ! pit :]e gas 0 n abundant4 ,"u ?is rude sy/em n m ?an "o-?ird ( ! coal c\ld be work$2 & two-?irds 7 left4 ,:at ! workm51 n less ?an ! coal-own]s1 eag]ly desir$ 01 a lamp t %\ld give =? suffici5t light1 )\t communicat+ flame to ! inflammable gas :i* accumulat$ 9 c]ta9 p>ts ( ! pit4 ,some?+ _h already be5 attempt$ t[>ds ! inv5tion ( su* a lamp by ,dr4 ,clanny1 ( ,sund]l&1 :o1 9 #ahac1 contriv$ an app>atus to :i* he gave air f ! m9e ?r\gh wat]1 by means ( bell[s4 ,?is lamp w5t out ( itself 9 inflammable gas4 ,x 0 f\nd1 h[ev]1 too unwieldy to be us$ by ! m9]s = ! purposes ( _! "w1 & did n come into g5]al use4 ,a committee ( g5tlem5 0 =m$ to inve/igate ! causes ( ! explosions1 & to devise1 if possible1 "s means ( prev5t+ !m4 ,at ! invitation ( t ,committee1 ,sir ,humphry ,davy1 !n 9 ! full z5i? ( 8 reputation1 0 reque/$ to turn 8 att5tion to ! subject4 ,he accord+ly visit$ ! colli]ies ne> ,newca/le on ! #bd? ( ,augu/1 #ahae2 & on ! #i? ( ,novemb] foll[+1 he read be=e ! ,royal ,society ( ,london 8 celebrat$ pap] ,on ! ,fire-,damp ( ,coal ,m9es1 & on ,me?ods ( light+ ! ,m9e s z to prev5t its explosion4 ,b a humbl] ?\gh n less dilig5t & orig9al ?9k] _h be5 at "w be=e him1 & _h already practically solv$ ! problem ( ! ,safety-,lamp4 ,/eph5son 0 ( c\rse well aw>e ( ! anxiety :i* prevail$ 9 ! colli]y di/ricts z to ! inv5tion ( a lamp :i* %\ld give light en\gh = ! m9]s to "w by )\t explod+ ! fire-damp4 ,! pa9ful incid5ts above describ$ only s]v$ to quick5 8 eag]ness to ma/] ! difficulty4 ,= sev]al ye>s he _h be5 engag$1 9 8 own rude way1 9 mak+ exp]im5ts ) ! fire-damp 9 ! ,kill+wor? m9e4 ,! pitm5 us$ to expo/ulate ) him on ^! occasions1 believ+ 8 exp]im5ts to be fraught ) dang]4 ,"o ( ! s9k]s1 obs]v+ him hold+ up light$ c&les to ! w9dw>d ( ! bl[] or fissure f :i* ! inflammable gas escap$1 entreat$ him to desi/2 b ,/eph5son's answ] 01 t he 0 busy ) a plan by :i* he hop$ to make 8 exp]im5ts useful = pres]v+ m5's lives4 ,on ^! occasions ! m9]s usually got out ( ! way be=e he lit ! gas4 ,9 #ahae1 al?\gh he 0 v mu* occupi$ ) ! bus9ess ( ! colli]ies & ! improvem5t ( 8 locomotive eng9e1 he 0 also busily engag$ 9 mak+ exp]im5ts ^u inflammable gas 9 ! ,kill+wor? pit4 ,accord+ to ! explanation aft]w>ds giv5 by him1 he imag9$ t if he c\ld con/ruct a lamp ) a *imney s arrang$ z to cause a /rong curr5t1 x w\ld n fire at ! top ( ! *imney2 z ! burnt air w\ld asc5d ) su* a velocity z to prev5t ! inflammable air ( ! pit f desc5d+ t[>ds ! flame2 & su* a lamp1 he ?\ght1 might be tak5 into a dang]\s atmosph]e )\t risk ( explod+4 ,su* 0 ,/eph5son's !ory :5 he proce$$ to embody 8 idea ( a m9]'s safety-lamp 9 a practical =m4 ,9 ! mon? ( ,augu/1 #ahae1 he reque/$ 8 fri5d ,ni*olas ,wood1 ! head view]1 to prep>e a draw+ ( a lamp accord+ to ! description :i* he gave him4 ,aft] sev]al ev5+s' c>eful delib]ations1 ! draw+ 0 made1 & %[n to sev]al ( ! head m5 ab\t ! works4 ,/eph5son proce$$ to ord] a lamp to be made by a ,newca/le t9man1 accord+ to 8 plan2 & at ! same "t he direct$ a glass to be made = ! lamp at ! ,nor?umb]l& ,glass ,h\se4 ,bo? 7 receiv$ by him f ! mak]s on ! #ba/ ,octob]1 & ! lamp 0 tak5 to ,kill+wor? = ! purpose ( imm$iate exp]im5t4 ,i rememb] t ev5+ z di/9ctly z if x _h be5 b ye/]day1 said ,rob]t ,/eph5son1 describ+ ! circum/ances to ! au?or 9 #aheg3 ,moodie came to our cottage ab\t dusk1 & ask$1 'if fa!r _h got back yet ) ! lamp8' ',no4' ',!n ,i'll wait till he comes1' said ,moodie1 'he c't be long n[4' ,9 ab\t half-an-h\r1 9 came my fa!r1 8 face all radiant4 ,he _h ! lamp ) him6 ,x 0 at once uncov]$1 & %[n to ,moodie4 ,!n x 0 fill$ ) oil1 trimm$1 & light$4 ,all 0 ready1 only ! head view] hadn't arriv$4 ',run ov] to ,b5ton = ,ni*ol1 ,rob]t1' said my fa!r to me1 '& ask him to come directly2 say we're go+ d[n ! pit to try ! lamp4' ,by ?is "t x 0 q d>k2 & (f ,i ran to br+ ,ni*olas ,wood4 ,8 h\se 0 at ,b5ton1 ab\t a mile (f4 ,!re 0 a %ort cut ?r\gh ! ,*ur*y>d1 b j z ,i 0 ab\t to pass ! wicket1 ,i saw :at ,i ?\ght 0 a :ite figure mov+ ab\t among/ ! grave-/ones4 ,i took x = a gho/6 ,my he>t flutt]$1 & ,i 0 9 a great fright1 b to ,wood's h\se ,i mu/ get1 s ,i made ! circuit ( ! ,*ur*y>d2 & :5 ,i got r\nd to ! o!r side ,i look$1 & lo6 ! figure 0 /ill !re4 ,b :at d y ?9k x 08 ,only ! grave-digg]1 ply+ 8 "w at t late h\r by ! light ( 8 lan?orn set ^u "o ( ! grave/ones6 ,i f\nd ,wood at home1 & 9 a few m9utes he 0 m\nt$ & (f to my fa!r's4 ,:5 ,i got back1 ,i 0 told !y _h j left--x 0 !n ab\t elev5--& gone d[n ! %aft to try ! lamp 9 "o ( ! mo/ dang]\s p>ts ( ! m9e4 ,arriv$ at ! bottom ( ! %aft ) ! lamp1 ! p>ty direct$ _! /eps t[>ds "o ( ! f\le/ gall]ies 9 ! pit1 :]e ! explosive gas 0 issu+ ?r\gh a bl[] 9 ! ro( ( ! m9e ) a l\d hiss+ noise4 ,by erect+ "s deal bo>d+ r\nd t "p ( ! gall]y into :i* ! gas 0 escap+1 ! air 0 made m f\l = ! purpose ( ! exp]im5t4 ,aft] wait+ ab\t an h\r1 ,moodie1 ^: practical exp]i5ce ( fire-damp 9 pits 0 great] ?an t ( ei!r ,/eph5son or ,wood1 0 reque/$ to g into ! place :i* _h ?us be5 made f\l2 &1 hav+ done s1 he return$1 & told !m t ! smell ( ! air 0 su*1 t if a light$ c&le 7 n[ introduc$1 an explosion mu/ inevitably take place4 ,he caution$ ,/eph5son z to ! dang] bo? to !mselves & to ! pit1 if ! gas took fire4 ,b ,/eph5son decl>$ 8 confid5ce 9 ! safety ( 8 lamp1 &1 hav+ lit ! wick1 he boldly proce$$ ) x t[>ds ! explosive air4 ,! o!rs1 m timid & d\btful1 hung back :5 !y came )9 he>+ ( ! bl[]2 & appreh5sive ( ! dang]1 !y retir$ into a safe place1 out ( sight ( ! lamp1 :i* gradually disappe>$ ) its be>] 9 ! recesses ( ! m9e4 #ie ,advanc+ to ! place ( dang]1 & ent]+ )9 ! f\l$ air1 8 light$ lamp 9 h&1 ,/eph5son held x f9ally out1 9 ! full curr5t ( ! bl[]1 & )9 a few in*es ( its m\?4 ,?us expos$1 ! flame ( ! lamp at fir/ increas$1 !n flick]$1 & !n w5t out2 b !re 0 no explosion ( ! gas4 ,return+ to 8 companions1 :o 7 /ill at a di/ance1 he told !m :at _h occurr$4 ,hav+ n[ acquir$ some:at m confid5ce1 !y advanc$ ) him to a po9t f :i* !y c\ld obs]ve him repeat 8 exp]im5t1 b /ill at a safe di/ance4 ,!y saw t :5 ! light$ lamp 0 held )9 ! explosive mixture1 !re 0 a great flame2 ! lamp became almo/ full ( fire2 & !n x smo!r$ out4 ,aga9 return+ to 8 companions1 he relight$ ! lamp1 & repeat$ ! exp]im5t sev]al times ) ! same result4 ,at l5g? ,wood & ,moodie v5tur$ to advance close to ! f\l$ "p ( ! pit2 &1 9 mak+ "s ( ! lat] trials1 ,mr4 ,wood himself held up ! light$ lamp to ! bl[]4 ,be=e leav+ ! pit1 ,/eph5son express$ 8 op9ion t by an alt]ation ( ! lamp :i* he !n contemplat$1 he c\ld make x burn bett]2 ?is 0 by a *ange 9 ! slide ?r\gh :i* ! air 0 admitt$ into ! l[] "p1 "u ! flame4 ,aft] mak+ "s exp]im5ts on ! air collect$ at ! bl[]1 by bladd]s :i* 7 m\nt$ ) tubes ( v>i\s diamet]s1 he satisfi$ himself t1 :5 ! tube 0 r$uc$ to a c]ta9 diamet]1 ! f\l air w\ld n pass ?r\gh2 & he fa%ion$ 8 slide accord+ly1 r$uc+ ! diamet] ( ! tube until he conceiv$ x 0 q safe4 ,9 ab\t a =tnight ! exp]im5ts 7 repeat$1 9 a place purposely made f\l z be=e2 on ?is occasion a l>g] numb] ( p]sons v5tur$ to witness !m1 & !y aga9 prov$ successful4 ,! lamp 0 n yet1 h[ev]1 s effici5t z ! inv5tor desir$4 ,x requir$1 he obs]v$1 to be kept v /eady :5 burn+ 9 ! inflammable gas1 o!rwise x 0 liable to g out1 9 consequ5ce1 z he imag9$1 ( ! contact ( ! burnt air 7z he !n call$ x71 or azotic gas1 :i* lodg$ r\nd ! ext]ior ( ! flame4 ,if ! lamp 0 mov$ horizontally1 ! azote came 9 contact ) ! flame & ext+ui%$ x4 ,x /ruck me1 said he1 t if ,i put m tubes 91 ,i %\ld dis*>ge ! poison\s matt] t hung r\nd ! flame1 by admitt+ ! air to its ext]ior "p4 ,al?\gh he _h !n no access to sci5tific books1 nor int]c\rse ) sci5tific m51 nor any?+ t c\ld assi/ him 9 8 inve/igation1 besides 8 own indefatigable _s ( inquiry1 he contriv$ a rude app>atus by :i* he te/$ ! explosive prop]ties ( ! gas & ! velocity ( curr5t 7= ?is 0 ! direction ( 8 inquiries7 necess>y to enable ! explosive gas to pass ?r\gh tubes ( diff]5t diamet]s4 ,9 mak+ ^! exp]im5ts 9 8 humble cottage at ! ,we/ ,moor1 ,ni*olas ,wood & ,george's son ,rob]t usually act$ z 8 assi/ants1 & sometimes ! g5tlem5 ( ! neighb\rhood int]e/$ 9 coal-m9+ att5d$ z spectators4 ,^! exp]im5ts 7 n p]=m$ )\t risk1 = on "o occasion ! exp]im5t+ p>ty _h ne>ly bl[n (f ! ro( ( ! cottage4 ,"o ( ^! bl[s up 0 describ$ by ,/eph5son himself be=e ! ,committee on ,accid5ts 9 ,coal ,m9es1 9 #ahce3 ,i made sev]al exp]im5ts1 said he1 z to ! velocity requir$ 9 tubes ( diff]5t diamet]s1 to prev5t explosion f fire-damp4 ,we made ! mixtures 9 all proportions ( light c>burett$ hydrog5 ) atmosph]ic air 9 ! receiv]1 & we f\nd by ! exp]im5ts t :5 a curr5t ( ! mo/ explosive mixture t we c\ld make 0 =c$ up a tube #d_/aj ( an in* 9 diamet]1 ! necess>y curr5t 0 #i in*es 9 a second to prev5t its com+ d[n t tube4 ,^! exp]im5ts 7 repeat$ sev]al times4 ,we _h two or ?ree bl[s up 9 mak+ ! exp]im5ts1 by ! flame gett+ d[n into ! receiv]1 ?\gh we _h a piece ( v f9e wire-gauze put at ! bottom ( ! pipe1 betwe5 ! receiv] & ! pipe ?r\gh :i* we 7 =c+ ! curr5t4 ,9 "o ( ^! exp]im5ts ,i 0 wat*+ ! flame 9 ! tube1 my son 0 tak+ ! vibrations ( ! p5dulum ( ! clock1 & ,mr4 ,wood 0 att5d+ to give me ! column ( wat] z ,i call$ = x1 to keep ! curr5t up to a c]ta9 po9t4 ,z ,i saw ! flame desc5d+ 9 ! tube ,i call$ = m wat]1 & ,wood un=tunately turn$ ! cock ! wrong way1 ! curr5t ceas$1 ! flame w5t d[n ! tube1 & all our implem5ts 7 bl[n to pieces1 :i* at ! "t we 7 n v able to replace4 ,/eph5son foll[$ up ^? exp]im5ts by o!rs ( a simil> k9d1 ) ! view ( asc]ta9+ :e!r ord9>y flame w\ld pass ?r\gh tubes ( a small diamet] & ) ?is object he fil$ (f ! b>rels ( sev]al small keys4 ,plac+ ^! toge!r1 he held !m p]p5dicul>ly ov] a /rong flame1 & asc]ta9$ t x did n pass upw>d4 ,?is 0 a fur!r pro( to him ( ! s\ndness ( ! c\rse he 0 pursu+4 ,9 ord] to correct ! defect ( 8 fir/ lamp he resolv$ to alt] x s z to admit ! air to ! flame by sev]al tubes ( r$uc$ diamet]1 in/ead ( by a s+le tube4 ,he inf]r$ t a suffici5t quantity ( air w\ld ?us be introduc$ into ! lamp = ! purposes ( combu/ion1 :ile ! smallness ( ! ap]tures w\ld /ill prev5t ! explosive gas pass+ d[nw>ds1 at ! same "t t ! burnt air 7! cause1 9 8 op9ion1 ( ! lamp go+ out7 w\ld be m effectually dislodg$4 ,he accord+ly took ! lamp to a t9man 9 ,newca/le1 & _h x alt]$ s t ! air 0 admitt$ by ?ree small tubes ins]t$ 9 ! bottom ( ! lamp1 ! op5+s ( :i* 7 plac$ on ! outside ( ! burn]1 in/ead ( hav+ 7z 9 ! orig9al lamp7 ! "o tube op5+ directly "u ! flame4 ,?is second or alt]$ lamp 0 tri$ 9 ! ,kill+wor? pit on ! #d? ,novemb]1 & 0 f\nd to burn bett] ?an ! fir/1 & to be p]fectly safe4 ,b z x did n yet come q up to ! inv5tor's expectations1 he proce$$ to contrive a ?ird lamp1 9 :i* he propos$ to surr\nd ! oil vessel ) a numb] ( capill>y tubes4 ,!n x /ruck him1 t if he cut (f ! middle ( ! tubes1 or made holes 9 metal plates1 plac$ at a di/ance f ea* o!r1 equal to ! l5g? ( ! tubes1 ! air w\ld get 9 bett]1 & ! effect 9 prev5t+ explosion w\ld be ! same4 ,he 0 enc\rag$ to p]sev]e 9 ! completion ( 8 safety-lamp by ! occurr5ce ( sev]al fatal accid5ts ab\t ?is "t 9 ! ,kill+wor? pit4 ,on ! #i? ,novemb] a boy 0 kill$ by a bla/ 9 ! ,a pit1 at ! v place :]e ,/eph5son _h made ! exp]im5ts ) 8 fir/ lamp2 &1 :5 told ( ! accid5t1 he obs]v$ t if ! boy _h be5 provid$ ) 8 lamp1 8 life w\ld h be5 sav$4 ,on ! #bj? ,novemb] he w5t ov] to ,newca/le to ord] 8 ?ird lamp f a plumb] 9 t t[n4 ,! plumb] ref]r$ him to 8 cl]k1 :om ,/eph5son invit$ to jo9 him at a neighb\r+ public-h\se1 :]e !y might quietly talk ov] ! matt]1 & f9ally settle ! plan ( ! new lamp4 ,!y adj\rn$ to ! ,newca/le ,arms1 ne> ! pres5t ,high ,level ,bridge1 :]e !y _h "s ale1 & a design ( ! lamp 0 drawn 9 p5cil ^u a half-%eet ( foolscap1 ) a r\gh specification subjo9$4 ,! sket*1 :5 %[n to u by ,rob]t ,/eph5son "s ye>s s9ce1 /ill bore ! m>ks ( ! ale4 ,x 0 a v rude design1 b suffici5t to "w f4 ,x 0 imm$iately plac$ 9 ! h&s ( ! workm51 f9i%$ 9 ! c\rse ( a few days1 & exp]im5tally te/$ 9 ! ,kill+wor? pit l ! previ\s lamps1 on ! #cj? ,novemb]4 ,at t "t nei!r ,/eph5son nor ,wood _h he>d ( ,sir ,humphry ,davy's exp]im5ts nor ( ! lamp :i* t g5tleman propos$ to con/ruct4 ,an angry controv]sy aft]w>ds took place z to ! respective m]its ( ,george ,/eph5son & ,sir ,humphry ,davy 9 respect ( ! inv5tion ( ! safety-lamp4 ,a committee 0 =m$ on bo? sides1 & ! facts 7 /at$ 9 v>i\s ways4 ,x is p]fectly cle>1 h[ev]1 t ,/eph5son _h asc]ta9$ ! fact t flame w n pass ?r\gh tubes ( a c]ta9 diamet]--! pr9ciple on :i* ! safety-lamp is con/ruct$--be=e ,sir ,humphry ,davy _h =m$ any def9ite idea on ! subject1 or inv5t$ ! model lamp aft]w>ds exhibit$ by him be=e ! ,royal ,society4 ,/eph5son _h actually con/ruct$ a lamp on su* a pr9ciple1 & prov$ its safety1 be=e ,sir ,humphry _h communicat$ 8 views on ! subject to any p]son2 & by ! "t t ! fir/ public intimation _h be5 giv5 ( 8 discov]y1 ,/eph5son's second lamp _h be5 con/ruct$ & te/$ 9 l mann] 9 ! ,kill+wor? pit4 ,! fir/ 0 tri$ on ! #ba/ ,octob]1 #ahae2 ! second 0 tri$ on ! #d? ,novemb]2 b x 0 n until ! #i? ,novemb] t ,sir ,humphry ,davy pres5t$ 8 fir/ lamp to ! public4 ,& by ! #cj? ( ! same mon?1 z we h se51 ,/eph5son _h con/ruct$ & te/$ 8 ?ird safety-lamp4 ,picture3 ,davy's & ,/eph5son's ,safety ,lamps ,/eph5son's !ory ( ! burnt air & ! draught 0 no d\bt wrong2 b 8 lamp 0 "r1 & t 0 ! great fact :i* ma9ly conc]n$ him4 ,torricelli did n "k ! rationale ( 8 tube1 nor ,otto ,gurike t ( 8 air-pump2 yet no "o ?9ks ( d5y+ !m ! m]it ( _! inv5tions on t acc\nt4 ,! discov]ies ( ,volta & ,galvani 7 9 l mann] indep5d5t ( !ory2 ! greate/ discov]ies consi/+ 9 br++ to light c]ta9 gr& facts1 on :i* !ories are aft]w>ds fram$4 ,our inv5tor _h be5 pursu+ ! ,baconian me?od1 ?\gh he did n ?9k ( t1 b ( inv5t+ a safe lamp1 :i* he knew c\ld only be done ?r\gh ! process ( repeat$ exp]im5t4 ,he exp]im5t$ ^u ! fire-damp at ! bl[]s 9 ! m9e1 & also by means ( ! app>atus :i* 0 bl[n up 9 8 cottage1 z above describ$ by himself4 ,by exp]im5t he di/9ctly asc]ta9$ t ! explosion ( fire-damp c\ld n pass ?r\gh small tubes2 & he also did :at _h n be=e be5 done by any inv5tor--he con/ruct$ a lamp on ?is pr9ciple1 & repeat$ly prov$ its safety at ! risk ( 8 life4 ,at ! same "t1 !re is no d\bt t x 0 to ,sir ,humphry ,davy t ! m]it belong$ ( hav+ po9t$ out ! true law on :i* ! safety-lamp is con/ruct$4 ,! subject ( ?is important inv5tion excit$ s mu* int]e/ 9 ! nor!rn m9+ di/ricts1 & ,/eph5son's num]\s fri5ds consid]$ 8 lamp s completely successful--hav+ /ood ! te/ ( repeat$ exp]im5ts--t !y urg$ him to br+ 8 inv5tion be=e ! ,philosophical & ,lit]>y ,society ( ,newca/le1 ( ^: app>atus he _h avail$ himself 9 ! c\rse ( 8 exp]im5ts on fire-damp4 ,aft] mu* p]suasion he cons5t$1 & a meet+ 0 appo9t$ = ! purpose ( receiv+ 8 explanations1 on ! ev5+ ( ! #e? ,decemb]1 #ahae4 ,/eph5son 0 at t "t s diffid5t 9 mann] & unpractis$ 9 spee*1 t he took ) him 8 fri5d ,ni*olas ,wood1 to act z 8 int]pret] & expositor on ! occasion4 ,f eighty to a hundr$ ( ! mo/ intellig5t memb]s ( ! society 7 pres5t at ! meet+1 :5 ,mr4 ,wood /ood =w>d to exp\nd ! pr9ciples on :i* ! lamp _h be5 =m$1 & to describe ! details ( its con/ruction4 ,sev]al que/ions 7 put1 to :i* ,mr4 ,wood proce$$ to give replies to ! be/ ( 8 k4 ,b ,/eph5son1 :o up to t "t _h /ood beh9d ,wood1 scre5$ f notice1 obs]v+ t ! explanations giv5 7 n q correct1 c\ld no long] control 8 res]ve1 &1 /&+ =w>d1 he proce$$ 9 8 /rong ,nor?umbrian dialect1 to describe ! lamp1 d[n to its m9ute/ details4 ,he !n produc$ sev]al bladd]s full ( c>burett$ hydrog51 :i* he _h collect$ f ! bl[]s 9 ! ,kill+wor? m9e1 & prov$ ! safety ( 8 lamp by num]\s exp]im5ts ) ! gas1 repeat$ 9 v>i\s ways2 8 e>ne/ & impressive mann] excit+ 9 ! m9ds ( 8 auditors ! livelie/ int]e/ bo? 9 ! inv5tor & 8 inv5tion4 ,%ortly aft]1 ,sir ,h4 ,davy's model lamp 0 receiv$ & exhibit$ to ! coal-m9]s at ,newca/le1 on :i* occasion ! obs]vation 0 made by sev]al g5tlem51 ,:y1 x is ! same z ,/eph5son's6 ,not)/&+ ,/eph5son's claim to be reg>d$ z ! fir/ inv5tor ( ! ,tube ,safety-lamp1 8 m]its d n seem to h be5 g5]ally recognis$2 & ,sir ,humphry ,davy c>ri$ (f ! l>g] %>e ( ! eclat :i* atta*$ to ! discov]y4 ,:at *ance _h ! unkn[n workman ( ,kill+wor? ) s di/+ui%$ a competitor8 ,! "o 0 z yet b a colli]y eng9e-wright1 sc>ce rais$ above ! manual-lab\r class1 pursu+ 8 exp]im5ts 9 obscurity1 ) a view only to usefulness2 ! o!r 0 ! sci5tific prodigy ( 8 day1 ! mo/ brilliant ( lectur]s1 & ! mo/ popul> ( philosoph]s4 ,no small indignation 0 express$ by ! fri5ds ( ,sir ,humphry ,davy at ,/eph5son's presumption 9 lay+ claim to ! inv5tion ( ! safety-lamp4 ,9 #ahca ,dr4 ,p>is1 9 8 ',life ( ,sir ,humphry ,davy1' ?us wrote3--,x w h]eaft] be sc>cely believ$ t an inv5tion s em95tly sci5tific1 & :i* c\ld nev] h be5 d]iv$ b f ! /]l+ treasury ( sci5ce1 %\ld h be5 claim$ on behalf ( an eng9e-wright ( ,kill+wor?1 ( ! "n ( ,/eph5son--a p]son n ev5 possess+ a k ( ! elem5ts ( *emi/ry4 ,b ,/eph5son 0 f> above claim+ = himself any inv5tion n 8 own4 ,he _h already accompli%$ a f> great] feat ?an ! mak+ ( a safety-lamp--he _h con/ruct$ a successful locomotive1 :i* 0 to be se5 9 daily "w on ! ,kill+wor? railway4 ,by ! improvem5ts he _h made 9 ! eng9e1 he might almo/ be said to h inv5t$ x2 b no "o--n ev5 ! philosoph]s--detect$ ! significance ( t wond]ful ma*9e4 ,:at railways 7 to become1 re/$ 9 a great measure ) t eng9e-wright ( ,kill+wor?1 ( ! "n ( ,/eph5son1 ?\gh he 0 sc>cely kn[n z yet beyond ! b\nds ( 8 own di/rict4 ,z to ! value ( ! inv5tion ( ! safety-lamp !re c\ld be no d\bt2 & ! colli]y own]s ( ,durham & ,nor?umb]l&1 to te/ify _! s5se ( its importance1 det]m9$ to pres5t a te/imonial to its inv5tor4 ,! fri5ds ( ,sir ,h4 ,davy met 9 ,augu/1 #ahaf1 to take /eps = rais+ a subscription = ! purpose4 ,! adv]tis$ object ( ! meet+ 0 to pres5t him ) a rew>d = ! inv5tion ( 8 safety-lamp4 ,to ?is no objection c\ld be tak52 = ?\gh ! pr9ciple on :i* ! safety-lamps ( ,/eph5son & ,davy 7 con/ruct$ 0 ! same2 & al?\gh ,/eph5son's lamp 01 unque/ionably1 ! fir/ successful lamp t _h be5 con/ruct$ on su* pr9ciple1 & prov$ to be effici5t1--yet ,sir ,h4 ,davy did inv5t a safety-lamp1 no d\bt q indep5d5t ( all t ,/eph5son _h done2 & hav+ direct$ 8 c>eful att5tion to ! subject1 & elucidat$ ! true !ory ( explosion ( c>burett$ hydrog51 he 0 entitl$ to all praise & rew>d = 8 lab\rs4 ,b :5 ! meet+ ( coal-own]s propos$ to raise a subscription = ! purpose ( pres5t+ ,sir ,h4 ,davy ) a rew>d = 8 inv5tion ( ! safety-lamp1 ! case 0 entirely alt]$2 & ,/eph5son's fri5ds !n proce$$ to ass]t 8 claims to be reg>d$ z its fir/ inv5tor4 ,_m meet+s took place on ! subject1 & mu* discussion ensu$1 ! result ( :i* 0 t a sum ( #bjjj p\nds 0 pres5t$ to ,sir ,humphry ,davy z ! inv5tor ( ! safety-lamp2 b1 at ! same "t1 a purse ( #ajj gu9eas 0 vot$ to ,george ,/eph5son1 9 consid]ation ( :at he _h done 9 ! same direction4 ,?is result 01 h[ev] v unsatisfactory to ,/eph5son1 z well z to 8 fri5ds1 & ,mr4 ,br&l+1 ( ,gos=?1 sugge/$ to him t1 ! subject be+ n[ fairly be=e ! public1 he %\ld publi% a /atem5t ( ! facts on :i* 8 claim 0 f\nd$4 ,?is 0 n at all 9 ,george's l9e4 ,he _h nev] appe>$ 9 pr9t2 & x seem$ to him a m =midable ?+ to write a lett] = ! pap]s ?an to inv5t a safety-lamp or design a locomotive4 ,h[ev]1 he call$ to 8 aid 8 son ,rob]t1 set him d[n be=e a %eet ( foolscap1 & told him to put d[n !re j :at ,i tell y4 ,! composition ( ?is lett]1 z we 7 in=m$ by ! writ] ( x1 occupi$ m ev5+s ?an "o2 & :5 x 0 at l5g? f9i%$1 aft] _m corrections1 & fairly copi$ out1 ! fa!r & son set out--! latt] dress$ 9 8 ,sunday's r\nd jacket--to lay ! jo9t production be=e ,mr4 ,br&l+1 at ,gos=? ,h\se4 ,glanc+ ov] ! lett]1 ,mr4 ,br&l+ said1 ,george1 ?is w nev] d4 ,x is all true1 sir1 0 ! reply4 ,t may be2 b x is badly writt54 ,rob]t blu%$1 = he ?\ght ! p5man%ip 0 call$ 9 "q1 & he _h writt5 8 be/4 ,mr4 ,br&l+1 h[ev]1 revis$ ! lett]1 :i* 0 %ortly aft] publi%$ 9 ! local j\rnals4 ,/eph5son's fri5ds1 fully satisfi$ ( 8 claims to priority z ! inv5tor ( ! safety-lamp us$ 9 ! ,kill+wor? & o!r colli]ies1 held a public meet+ = ! purpose ( pres5t+ him ) a rew>d = ! valuable s]vice he _h ?us r5d]$ to mank9d4 ,a subscription 0 imm$iately comm5c$ ) ?is object1 & a committee 0 =m$1 consi/+ ( ! ,e>l ( ,/ra?more1 ,c4 ,j4 ,br&l+1 & o!rs4 ,! subscriptions1 :5 collect$1 am\nt$ to #ajjj p\nds4 ,"p ( ! money 0 devot$ to ! pur*ase ( a silv] tank>d1 :i* 0 pres5t$ to ! inv5tor1 toge!r ) ! balance ( ! subscription1 at a public d9n] giv5 9 ! ,assembly ,rooms at ,newca/le4 #aje ,b :at gave ,/eph5son ev5 great] pleasure ?an ! silv] tank>d & purse ( sov]eigns 0 ! gift ( a silv] wat*1 pur*as$ by small subscriptions among/ ! colli]s !mselves1 & pres5t$ by !m z a tok5 ( _! p]sonal e/eem & reg>d = him1 z well z ( _! gratitude = ! p]sev]ance & skill ) :i* he _h prosecut$ 8 valuable & lifesav+ inv5tion to a successful issue4 ,h[ev] great ! m]its ( ,/eph5son 9 connexion ) ! inv5tion ( ! tube safety-lamp1 !y _c be reg>d$ z detract+ f ! reputation ( ,sir ,humphry ,davy4 ,8 inquiries into ! explosive prop]ties ( c>burett$ hydrog5 gas 7 q orig9al2 & 8 discov]y ( ! fact t explosion w n pass ?r\gh tubes ( a c]ta9 diamet] 0 made indep5d5tly ( all t ,/eph5son _h done 9 v]ification ( ! same fact4 ,x ev5 appe>s t ,mr4 ,smi?son ,t5nant & ,dr4 ,wolla/on _h obs]v$ ! same fact sev]al ye>s be=e1 ?\gh nei!r ,/eph5son nor ,davy knew x :ile !y 7 prosecut+ _! exp]im5ts4 ,sir ,humphry ,davy's subsequ5t modification ( ! tube-lamp1 by :i*1 :ile dim9i%+ ! diamet]1 he 9 ! same ratio %ort5$ ! tubes )\t dang]1 & 9 ! =m ( wire-gauze envelop$ ! safety-lamp by a multiplicity ( tubes1 0 a beautiful application ( ! true !ory :i* he _h =m$ ^u ! subject4 ,! increas$ numb] ( accid5ts :i* h occurr$ f explosions 9 coal-m9es s9ce ! g5]al introduction ( ! ,davy lamp1 h l$ to consid]able d\bts z to its safety1 & to inquiries z to ! means by :i* x may be fur!r improv$2 = exp]i5ce has %[n t1 "u c]ta9 circum/ances1 ! ,davy lamp is n safe4 ,/eph5son 0 himself ( op9ion t ! modification ( 8 own & ,sir ,humphry ,davy's lamp1 comb9+ ! glass cyl9d] ) ! wire-gauze1 0 ! mo/ secure2 at ! same "t x mu/ be admitt$ t ! ,davy & ! ,geordy lamps alike fail$ to /& ! sev]e te/s to :i* !y 7 submitt$ by ,dr4 ,p]eira1 be=e ! ,committee on ,accid5ts 9 ,m9es4 ,inde$1 ,dr4 ,p]eira did n hesitate to say1 t :5 expos$ to a curr5t ( explosive gas ! ,davy lamp is decid$ly unsafe1 & t ! exp]im5ts by :i* its safety _h be5 demon/rat$ 9 ! lecture-room _h prov$ entirely fallaci\s4 ,x is wor?y ( rem>k1 t "u circum/ances 9 :i* ! wire-gauze ( ! ,davy lamp becomes r$-hot f ! high explosiv5ess ( ! gas1 ! ,geordy lamp is ext+ui%$2 & we _c b ?9k t ?is fact te/ifies to ! decid$ly sup]ior safety ( ! ,geordy4 ,an accid5t occurr$ 9 ! ,oaks colli]y ,pit at ,b>nsley1 on ! #bj? ,augu/1 #aheg1 :i* /rik+ly exemplifi$ ! respective qualities ( ! lamps4 ,a sudd5 outbur/ ( gas took place f ! floor ( ! m9e1 along a di/ance ( fifty y>ds4 ,=tunately ! m5 work+ 9 ! pit at ! "t 7 all suppli$ ) safety-lamps--! hew]s ) ,/eph5son's1 & ! hurri]s ) ,davy's4 ,^u ?is occasion1 ! :ole ( ! ,/eph5son's lamps1 ov] a space ( five hundr$ y>ds1 7 ext+ui%$ almo/ in/antane\sly2 :]eas ! ,davy lamps 7 fill$ ) fire1 & became r$-hot--s mu* s1 t sev]al ( ! m5 us+ !m _h _! h&s burnt by ! gauze4 ,_h a /rong curr5t ( air be5 bl[+ ?r\gh ! gall]y at ! "t1 an explosion w\ld mo/ probably h tak5 place--an accid5t :i*1 x w be obs]v$1 c\ld n1 "u su* circum/ances1 occur f ! use ( ! ,geordy1 :i* is imm$iately ext+ui%$ z soon z ! air becomes explosive4 #ajg ,ni*olas ,wood1 a good judge1 has said ( ! two inv5tions1 ,priority has be5 claim$ = ea* ( !m--,i believe ! inv5tions to be p>allel4 ,by diff]5t roads !y bo? arriv$ at ! same result4 ,/eph5son's is ! sup]ior lamp4 ,davy's is safe--,/eph5son's is saf]4 ,:5 ! "q ( priority 0 "u discussion at ! /udio ( ,mr4 ,l\gh1 ! sculptor1 9 #aheg1 ,sir ,mat!w ,:ite ,ridley ask$ ,rob]t ,/eph5son1 :o 0 pres5t1 = 8 op9ion on ! subject4 ,8 answ] 01 ,i am n exactly ! p]son to give an unbiass$ op9ion2 b1 z y ask me frankly1 ,i w z frankly say1 t if ,george ,/eph5son _h nev] liv$1 ,sir ,humphry ,davy c\ld & mo/ probably w\ld h inv5t$ ! safety-lamp2 b aga91 if ,sir ,humphry ,davy _h nev] liv$1 ,george ,/eph5son c]ta9ly w\ld h inv5t$ ! safety-lamp1 z ,i believe he did1 indep5d5t ( all t ,sir ,humphry ,davy _h ev] done 9 ! matt]4 ,picture3 ,we/ ,moor ,pit1 ,kill+wor? ,,*apt] ,,vii4 ,,george ,,/eph5son',s ,,fur!r ,,improvem5ts ,,9 ,,! ,,locomotive--,,! ,,hetton ,,railway--,,rob]t ,,/eph5son ,,z ,,view]',s ,,appr5tice ,,& ,,/ud5t4 ,/eph5son's exp]im5ts on fire-damp1 & 8 lab\rs 9 connexion ) ! inv5tion ( ! safety-lamp1 occupi$ b a small portion ( 8 "t1 :i* 0 necess>ily devot$ = ! mo/ "p to ! ord9>y bus9ess ( ! colli]y4 ,f ! day ( 8 appo9tm5t z eng9e-wright1 "o ( ! subjects :i* p>ticul>ly occupi$ 8 att5tion 0 ! be/ practical me?od ( w9n+ & rais+ ! coal4 ,he 0 "o ( ! fir/ to introduce /eam ma*9]y und]gr\nd ) ! latt] object4 ,inde$1 ! ,kill+wor? m9es came to be reg>d$ z ! models ( ! di/rict2 ! work+ arrangem5ts g5]ally be+ conduct$ 9 a skilful & effici5t mann]1 reflect+ ! highe/ cr$it on ! colli]y eng9e]4 ,besides att5d+ to ! und]gr\nd arrangem5ts1 ! improv$ transit ( ! coals above-gr\nd f ! pi!ad to ! %ipp+-place1 dem&$ an increas+ %>e ( 8 att5tion4 ,e day's exp]i5ce conv9c$ him t ! locomotive con/ruct$ by him aft] 8 pat5t ( ! ye> #ahae1 0 f> f p]fect2 ?\gh he cont9u$ to ent]ta9 confid5t hopes ( its ev5tual success4 ,he ev5 w5t s f> z to say t ! locomotive w\ld yet sup]s$e e o!r traction-p[] = draw+ heavy loads4 ,_m /ill reg>d$ 8 travell+ eng9e z little bett] ?an a curi\s toy2 & "s1 %ak+ _! heads1 pr$ict$ = x a t]rible bl[-up "s day4 ,nev]!less1 x 0 daily p]=m+ its "w ) regul>ity1 dragg+ ! coal-waggons betwe5 ! colli]y & ! /ai?s1 & sav+ ! lab\r ( _m m5 & horses4 ,!re 0 n1 h[ev]1 s m>k$ a sav+ 9 haulage z to induce ! colli]y ma/]s to adopt locomotive p[] g5]ally z a sub/itute = horses4 ,h[ x c\ld be improv$ & r5d]$ m effici5t z well z economical1 0 con/antly pres5t to ,/eph5son's m9d4 ,at an e>ly p]iod ( 8 lab\rs1 or ab\t ! "t :5 he _h complet$ 8 second locomotive1 he began to direct 8 p>ticul> att5tion to ! /ate ( ! ,road2 z he p]ceiv$ t ! ext5d$ use ( ! locomotive mu/ necess>ily dep5d 9 a great measure ^u ! p]fection1 solidity1 cont9uity1 & smoo?ness ( ! way along :i* ! eng9e travell$4 ,ev5 at t e>ly p]iod1 he 0 9 ! habit ( reg>d+ ! road & ! locomotive z "o ma*9e1 speak+ ( ! rail & ! :eel z man & wife4 ,all railways 7 at t "t laid 9 a c>eless & loose mann]1 & great inequalities ( level 7 all[$ to occur )\t mu* att5tion be+ paid to repairs4 ,! consequ5ce 0 a great loss ( p[]1 z well z mu* te> & we> ( ! ma*9]y1 by ! frequ5t jolts & bl[s ( ! :eels aga9/ ! rails4 ,8 fir/ object !re=e 01 to remove ! inequalities produc$ by ! imp]fect junction betwe5 rail & rail4 ,at t "t1 79 #ahaf7 ! rails 7 made ( ca/ iron1 ea* rail be+ ab\t ?ree feet long2 & suffici5t c>e 0 n tak5 to ma9ta9 ! po9ts ( junction on ! same level4 ,! *airs1 or ca/-iron p$e/als into :i* ! rails 7 ins]t$1 7 flat at ! bottom2 s t1 :5ev] any di/urbance took place 9 ! /one blocks or sleep]s support+ !m1 ! flat base ( ! *air ^u :i* ! rails re/$ be+ tilt$ by unequal subsid5ce1 ! end ( "o rail became depress$1 :il/ t ( ! o!r 0 elevat$4 ,h5ce con/ant jolts & %ocks1 ! reaction ( :i* v (t5 caus$ ! fracture ( ! rails1 & occasionally ?rew ! eng9e (f ! road4 ,to rem$y ?is imp]fection ,mr4 ,/eph5son devis$ a new *air1 ) an entirely new mode ( fix+ ! rails !re94 ,in/ead ( adopt+ ! butt-jo9t :i* _h hi!rto be5 us$ 9 all ca/-iron rails1 he adopt$ ! half-lap jo9t1 by :i* means ! rails ext5d$ a c]ta9 di/ance ov] ea* o!r at ! ends1 l a sc>f-jo9t4 ,^! ends1 in/ead ( re/+ ^u ! flat *air1 7 made to re/ ^u ! apex ( a curve =m+ ! bottom ( ! *air4 ,! supports 7 also ext5d$ f ?ree feet to ?ree feet n9e in*es or f\r feet ap>t4 ,^! rails 7 accord+ly sub/itut$ = ! old ca/-iron plates on ! ,kill+wor? ,colli]y ,railway1 & !y 7 f\nd to be a v great improvem5t ^u ! previ\s sy/em1 add+ bo? to ! effici5cy ( ! horse-p[]1 /ill employ$ 9 work+ ! railway1 & to ! smoo? action ( ! locomotive eng9e1 b m p>ticul>ly increas+ ! effici5cy ( ! latt]4 ,picture3 ,half-lap ,jo9t ,?is improv$ =m ( rail & *air 0 embodi$ 9 a pat5t tak5 out 9 ! jo9t names ( ,mr4 ,lo%1 ( ,newca/le1 iron-f\nd]1 & ( ,mr4 ,/eph5son1 be>+ date #cj? ,septemb]1 #ahaf4 ,mr4 ,lo% be+ a weal?y1 ent]pris+ iron-manufactur]1 & hav+ confid5ce 9 ,george ,/eph5son & 8 improvem5ts1 f\nd ! money = ! purpose ( tak+ out ! pat5t1 :i*1 9 ^? days1 0 a v co/ly z well z tr\blesome affair4 ,! specification ( ! same pat5t also describ$ v>i\s important improvem5ts 9 ! locomotive itself4 ,! :eels ( ! eng9e 7 improv$1 be+ alt]$ f ca/ to malleable iron1 9 :ole or 9 "p1 by :i* !y 7 made light] z well z m durable & safe4 ,b ! mo/ +5i\s & orig9al contrivance embodi$ 9 ?is pat5t 0 ! sub/itute = spr+s :i* ,mr4 ,/eph5son inv5t$4 ,he contriv$ t ! /eam g5]at$ 9 ! boil] %\ld p]=m ?is important (fice4 ,! me?od by :i* ?is 0 effect$ display$ su* g5u9e me*anical g5ius1 t we w\ld p>ticul>ly call att5tion to ! device1 :i* 0 ! m rem>kable1 z x 0 contriv$ long be=e ! possibility ( /eam locomotion _h become an object ( g5]al inquiry or ( public int]e/4 ,x has already be5 obs]v$ t up to1 & inde$ aft]1 ! p]iod ( :i* we speak1 !re 0 no su* class ( skill$ me*anics1 nor 7 !re any su* ma*9es & tools 9 use1 z are n[ available to inv5tors & manufactur]s4 ,al?\gh skill$ workm5 7 9 c\rse ( gradual tra9+ 9 a few ( ! l>g] manufactur+ t[ns1 !y did n1 at ! date ( ,/eph5son's pat5t1 exi/ 9 any consid]able numb]s1 nor 0 !re !n any class ( me*anics capable ( con/ruct+ spr+s ( suffici5t /r5g? & ela/icity to support locomotive eng9es ( t5 tons weight4 ,9 ord] to avoid ! dang]s aris+ f ! inequalities ( ! road1 ,/eph5son s arrang$ ! boil] ( 8 new pat5t locomotive t x 0 support$ ^u ! frame ( ! eng9e by f\r cyl9d]s1 :i* op5$ into ! int]ior ( ! boil]4 ,^! cyl9d]s 7 occupi$ by pi/ons ) rods1 :i* pass$ d[nw>ds & press$ ^u ! upp] side ( ! axles4 ,! cyl9d]s op5+ into ! int]ior ( ! boil]1 all[$ ! pressure ( /eam to be appli$ to ! upp] side ( ! pi/on2 & ! pressure be+ ne>ly equival5t to "o-f\r? ( ! weight ( ! eng9e1 ea* axle1 :atev] might be its position1 _h at all times ne>ly ! same am\nt ( weight to be>1 & consequ5tly ! entire weight 0 pretty equally di/ribut$ among/ ! f\r :eels ( ! locomotive4 ,?us ! f\r float+ pi/ons 7 +5i\sly made to s]ve ! purpose ( spr+s 9 equalis+ ! weight1 & 9 s(t5+ ! j]ks ( ! ma*9e2 ! weight ( :i*1 x mu/ also be obs]v$1 _h be5 increas$1 on a road orig9ally calculat$ to be> a consid]ably light] description ( c>riage4 ,?is mode ( support+ ! eng9e rema9$ 9 use until ! progress ( spr+-mak+ _h s f> advanc$ t /eel spr+s c\ld be manufactur$ ( suffici5t /r5g? to be> ! weight ( locomotive eng9es4 ,picture3 ,old ,kill+wor? ,locomotive1 /ill 9 use ,! result ( ! actual work+ ( ! new locomotive on ! improv$ road amply ju/ifi$ ! promises held =? 9 ! specification4 ,! traffic 0 conduct$ ) great] regul>ity & economy1 & ! sup]iority ( ! eng9e1 z comp>$ ) horse traction1 became /ill m m>k$4 ,x is a fact wor?y ( notice1 t ! id5tical eng9es con/ruct$ 9 #ahaf aft] ! plan above describ$ are to ?is day to be se5 9 regul> useful "w ^u ! ,kill+wor? ,railway1 convey+ heavy coal-tra9s at ! spe$ ( betwe5 five & six miles an h\r1 probably z economically z any ( ! m p]fect locomotives n[ 9 use4 ,mr4 ,/eph5son's endeav\rs hav+ be5 att5d$ ) su* m>k$ success 9 ! adaptation ( locomotive p[] to railways1 8 att5tion 0 call$ by _m ( 8 fri5ds1 ab\t ! ye> #ahah1 to ! application ( /eam to travell+ on common roads4 ,x 0 f ?is po9t t ! locomotive />t$1 ,trevi?ick's fir/ eng9e hav+ be5 con/ruct$ ) ?is special object4 ,/eph5son's fri5ds hav+ obs]v$ h[ f> beh9d he _h left ! orig9al projector ( ! locomotive 9 its application to railroads1 p]haps naturally inf]r$ t he w\ld be equally successful 9 apply+ x to ! purpose = :i* ,trevi?ick & ,vivian _h int5d$ _! fir/ eng9e4 ,b ! accuracy ) :i* he e/imat$ ! resi/ance to :i* loads 7 expos$ on railways1 aris+ f friction & gravity1 l$ him at a v e>ly /age to reject ! idea ( ev] apply+ /eam p[] economically to common-road travell+4 ,9 ,octob]1 #ahah1 he made a s]ies ( c>eful exp]im5ts 9 conjunction ) ,ni*olas ,wood1 on ! resi/ance to :i* c>riages 7 expos$ on railways1 te/+ ! results by means ( a dynamomet] ( 8 own con/ruction4 ,! s]ies ( practical obs]vations made by means ( ?is in/rum5t 7 int]e/+1 z ! fir/ sy/ematic attempt to det]m9e ! precise am\nt ( resi/ance to c>riages mov+ along railways4 ,x 0 !n = ! fir/ "t asc]ta9$ by exp]im5t t ! friction 0 a con/ant quantity at all velocities4 ,al?\gh ?is !ory _h long be=e be5 develop$ by ,v9ce & ,c\lomb1 & 0 well kn[n to sci5tific m5 z an e/abli%$ tru?1 yet1 at ! "t :5 ,/eph5son made 8 exp]im5ts1 ! d$uctions ( philosoph]s on ! subject 7 nei!r believ$ 9 nor act$ ^u by practical eng9e]s4 ,he asc]ta9$ t ! resi/ances to traction 7 ma9ly ?ree2 ! fir/ be+ ^u ! axles ( ! c>riages1 ! second1 or roll+ resi/ance1 be+ betwe5 ! circumf]5ce ( ! :eel & ! surface ( ! rail1 & ! ?ird be+ ! resi/ance ( gravity4 ,! am\nt ( friction & gravity he c\ld accurately asc]ta92 b ! roll+ resi/ance 0 a matt] ( great] difficulty1 be+ subject to mu* v>iation4 ,he satisfi$ himself1 h[ev]1 t x 0 s great :5 ! surface pres5t$ to ! :eel 0 ( a r\gh "*1 t ! idea ( work+ /eam c>riages economically on common roads 0 dismiss$ by him z entirely impracticable4 ,tak+ x z #aj lbs to a ton weight on a level railway1 x became obvi\s to him t s small a rise z #a 9 #ajj w\ld dim9i% ! useful ef=t ( a locomotive by upw>ds ( #ej p] c5t4 ,?is 0 demon/rat$ by repeat$ exp]im5ts1 & ! important fact1 ?us root$ 9 8 m9d1 0 nev] lo/ sight ( 9 ! c\rse ( 8 future railway c>e]4 ,x 0 ow+ 9 a great measure to ^! pa9/ak+ exp]im5ts t he e>ly became conv9c$ ( ! vital importance1 9 an economical po9t ( view1 ( r$uc+ ! c\ntry ?r\gh :i* a railway 0 int5d$ to pass z ne>ly z possible to a level4 ,:]e1 z 9 ! fir/ coal railways ( ,nor?umb]l& & ,durham1 ! load 0 ne>ly all "o way1--t is1 f ! colli]y to ! %ipp+-place1--x 0 an advantage to h an incl9ation 9 t direction4 ,! /ra9 on ! p[]s ( ! locomotive 0 ?us dim9i%$1 & x 0 easy = x to haul ! empty waggons back to ! colli]y up ev5 a pretty /eep incl9e4 ,b :5 ! loads 7 bo? ways1 he deem$ x ( great importance t ! railroad %\ld be con/ruct$ z ne>ly z possible on a level4 ,^! views1 ?us e>ly ent]ta9$1 orig9at$ 9 ,/eph5son's m9d ! peculi> "* ( railroad works z di/+ui%$ f o!r roads2 =1 9 railways1 he e>ly cont5d$ t l>ge sums w\ld be wisely exp5d$ 9 p]=at+ b>ri]s ( hills ) long tunnels1 & 9 rais+ ! l[] levels ) ! excess cut d[n f ! adjac5t high gr\nd4 ,9 proportion z ^! views =c$ !mselves ^u 8 m9d & 7 corroborat$ by 8 daily exp]i5ce1 he became m & m conv9c$ ( ! hopelessness ( apply+ /eam locomotion to common roads2 = e argum5t 9 fav\r ( a level railway 01 9 8 view1 an argum5t aga9/ ! r\gh & hilly c\rse ( a common road4 ,al?\gh ,/eph5son's locomotive eng9es 7 9 daily use = _m ye>s on ! ,kill+wor? ,railway1 !y excit$ comp>atively little int]e/4 ,!y 7 no long] exp]im5tal1 b _h become an e/abli%$ tractive p[]4 ,! exp]i5ce ( ye>s _h prov$ t !y work$ m /eadily1 drew heavi] loads1 & 71 on ! :ole1 consid]ably m economical ?an horses4 ,nev]!less eight ye>s pass$ be=e ano!r locomotive railway 0 con/ruct$ & op5$ = ! purposes ( coal or o!r traffic4 ,/eph5son _h no means ( br++ 8 important inv5tion prom95tly "u ! notice ( ! public4 ,he himself knew well its importance1 & he already anticipat$ its ev5tual g5]al adoption2 b be+ an unlett]$ man1 he c\ld n give utt]ance to ! ?\ghts :i* brood$ )9 him on ! subject4 ,kill+wor? ,colli]y lay f> f ,london1 ! c5tre ( sci5tific life 9 ,engl&4 ,x 0 visit$ by no savans nor lit]>y m51 :o might h succe$$ 9 introduc+ to notice ! wond]ful ma*9e ( ,/eph5son4 ,ev5 ! local *ronicl]s seem to h tak5 no notice ( ! ,kill+wor? ,railway4 ,!re seem$1 inde$1 to be s small a prospect ( introduc+ ! locomotive into g5]al use1 t ,/eph5son1--p]haps feel+ ! capabilities )9 him1--aga9 recurr$ to 8 old idea ( emigrat+ to ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,be=e jo9+ ,mr4 ,burrel z p>tn] 9 a small f\ndry at ,=? ,banks1 ,newca/le1 he _h ?r[n out to him ! sugge/ion t x w\ld be a good speculation = !m to emigrate to ,nor? ,am]ica1 & introduce /eamboats ^u ! great inl& lakes !re4 ,! fir/ /eam]s 7 !n ply+ ^u ! ,tyne be=e 8 eyes2 & he saw 9 !m ! g]m ( a great revolution 9 navigation4 ,x occurr$ to him t ,nor? ,am]ica pres5t$ ! f9e/ field = try+ _! wond]ful p[]s4 ,he 0 an eng9e]1 8 p>tn] 0 an iron-f\nd]2 & betwe5 !m he ?\ght !y might /rike out a pa? to =tune 9 ! mighty ,we/4 ,=tunately1 ?is idea rema9$ a m]e speculation s f> z ,/eph5son 0 conc]n$3 & x 0 left to o!rs to d :at he _h dreamt ( a*iev+4 ,aft] all 8 pati5t wait+1 8 skill1 indu/ry1 & p]sev]ance 7 at l5g? ab\t to be> fruit4 ,9 #ahai ! own]s ( ! ,hetton ,colli]y1 9 ! c\nty ( ,durham1 det]m9$ to h _! waggon-way alt]$ to a locomotive railroad4 ,! result ( ! work+ ( ! ,kill+wor? ,railway _h be5 s satisfactory1 t !y resolv$ to adopt ! same sy/em4 ,"o reason :y an exp]im5t s long cont9u$ & s successful z t at ,kill+wor? %\ld h be5 s sl[ 9 produc+ results1 p]haps 01 t to lay d[n a railway & furni% x ) locomotives1 or fix$ eng9es :]e necess>y1 requir$ a v l>ge capital1 beyond ! means ( ord9>y coal-own]s2 :il/ ! small am\nt ( int]e/ felt 9 railways by ! g5]al public1 & ! suppos$ impracticability ( work+ !m to a pr(it1 z yet prev5t$ ord9>y capitali/s f v5tur+ _! money 9 ! promotion ( su* und]tak+s4 ,! ,hetton ,coal ,company 71 h[ev]1 possess$ ( adequate means2 & ! local reputation ( ! ,kill+wor? eng9e-wright po9t$ him out z ! man be/ calculat$ to lay out _! l9e1 & sup]9t5d _! works4 ,!y accord+ly invit$ him to act z ! eng9e] ( ! propos$ railway1 :i* 0 to be ! longe/ locomotive l9e t _h1 up to t "t1 be5 con/ruct$4 ,x ext5d$ f ! ,hetton ,colli]y1 situat$ ab\t two miles s\? ( ,h\ghton-le-,spr+1 9 ! c\nty ( ,durham1 to ! %ipp+-places on ! banks ( ! ,we>1 ne> ,sund]l&4 ,its l5g? 0 ab\t eight miles2 & 9 its c\rse x cross$ ,w>d5 ,law1 "o ( ! highe/ hills 9 ! di/rict4 ,! "* ( ! c\ntry =bade ! con/ruction ( a flat l9e1 or "o ( comp>atively easy gradi5ts1 except by ! exp5diture ( a mu* l>g] capital ?an 0 plac$ at ! eng9e]'s disposal4 ,heavy works c\ld n be execut$2 x 0 !re=e necess>y to =m ! l9e ) b little deviation f ! natural con=mation ( ! di/rict :i* x trav]s$1 & also to adapt ! me*anical me?ods employ$ = its work+ to ! "* ( ! gradi5ts1 :i* 9 "s places 7 necess>ily heavy4 ,al?\gh ,/eph5son _h1 ) e /ep made t[>ds its increas$ utility1 become m & m id5tifi$ ) ! success ( ! locomotive eng9e1 he did n all[ 8 en?usiasm to c>ry him away into co/ly mi/akes4 ,he c>efully drew ! l9e betwe5 ! cases 9 :i* ! locomotive c\ld be usefully employ$1 & ^? 9 :i* /ation>y eng9es 7 calculat$ to be m economical4 ,?is l$ him1 z 9 ! in/ance ( ! ,hetton ,railway1 to execute l9es ?r\gh & ov] r\gh c\ntries1 :]e gradi5ts )9 ! p[]s ( ! locomotive eng9e ( t day c\ld n be secur$1 employ+ 9 _! /ead /ation>y eng9es :]e locomotives 7 n practicable4 ,9 ! pres5t case1 ?is c\rse 0 adopt$ by him mo/ successfully4 ,on ! orig9al ,hetton l9e1 !re 7 five self-act+ incl9es1--! full waggons draw+ ! empty ones up1--& two incl9es work$ by fix$ reciprocat+ eng9es ( sixty horse p[] ea*4 ,! locomotive travell+ eng9e1 or ! iron horse1 z ! p ( ! neighb\rhood !n /yl$ x1 did ! re/4 ,on ! day ( ! op5+ ( ! ,hetton ,railway1 ! #ah? ,novemb]1 #ahbb1 cr[ds ( spectators assembl$ f all p>ts to witness ! fir/ op]ations ( ?is +5i\s & p[]ful ma*9]y1 :i* 0 entirely successful4 ,on t day five ( ,/eph5son's locomotives 7 at "w ^u ! railway1 "u ! direction ( 8 bro!r ,rob]t2 & ! fir/ %ipm5t ( coal 0 !n made by ! ,hetton ,company1 at _! new /ai?s on ! ,we>4 ,! spe$ at :i* ! locomotives travell$ 0 ab\t #d miles an h\r1 & ea* eng9e dragg$ aft] x a tra9 ( #ag waggons1 weigh+ ab\t #fd tons4 ,:ile ?us advanc+ /ep by /ep1--att5d+ to ! bus9ess ( ! ,kill+wor? ,colli]y1 & lay+ out railways 9 ! neighb\rhood1--he 0 c>efully wat*+ ov] ! education ( 8 son4 ,we h already se5 t ,rob]t 0 s5t to ,bruce's s*ool at ,newca/le1 :]e he rema9$ ab\t f\r ye>s4 ,he left x 9 ! summ] ( #ahai1 & 0 !n put appr5tice to ,mr4 ,ni*olas ,wood1 ! head view] at ,kill+wor?1 to le>n ! bus9ess ( ! colli]y4 ,he s]v$ 9 t capacity = ab\t ?ree ye>s1 dur+ :i* "t he became famili> ) mo/ dep>tm5ts ( und]gr\nd "w4 ,! occupation 0 n unatt5d$ ) p]il1 z ! foll[+ incid5t w %[4 ,?\gh ! use ( ! ,geordy lamp _h become g5]al 9 ! ,kill+wor? pits1 & ! workm5 7 b\nd1 "u a p5alty ( half-a-cr[n1 n to use a nak$ c&le1 x 0 difficult to en=ce ! rule1 & ev5 ! ma/]s !mselves occasionally broke x4 ,"o day ,ni*olas ,wood1 ! head view]1 ,moodie ! "u view]1 & ,rob]t ,/eph5son1 7 proce$+ along "o ( ! gall]ies1 ,wood ) a nak$ c&le 9 8 h&1 & ,rob]t foll[+ him ) a lamp4 ,!y came to a place :]e a fall ( /ones f ! ro( _h tak5 place1 on :i* ,wood1 :o 0 fir/1 proce$$ to clamb] ov] ! /ones1 hold+ high ! nak$ c&le4 ,he _h ne>ly rea*$ ! summit ( ! heap1 :5 ! fire-damp1 :i* _h accumulat$ 9 ! holl[ ( ! ro(1 explod$1 & in/antly ! :ole p>ty 7 bl[n d[n1 & ! lights ext+ui%$4 ,!y 7 a mile f ! %aft1 & q 9 ! d>k4 ,!re 0 a ru% ( ! workpeople f all qu>t]s t[>ds ! %aft1 = x 0 fe>$ t ! fire might ext5d to m dang]\s p>ts ( ! pit1 :]e1 if ! gas _h explod$1 e s\l 9 ! m9e mu/ inevitably h p]i%$4 ,rob]t ,/eph5son & ,moodie1 on ! fir/ impulse1 ran back at full spe$ along ! d>k gall]y lead+ to ! %aft1 com+ into collision1 on _! way1 ) ! h9d qu>t]s ( a horse /unn$ by ! explosion4 ,:5 !y _h gone halfway1 ,moodie halt$1 & be?\ght him ( ,ni*olas ,wood4 ,/op1 laddie6 said he to ,rob]t1 /op2 we maun gang back1 & seek ! mai/]4 ,s !y retrac$ _! /eps4 ,happily1 no fur!r explosion _h tak5 place4 ,!y f\nd ! ma/] ly+ on ! heap ( /ones1 /unn$ & bruis$1 ) 8 h&s sev]ely burnt4 ,!y l$ him to ! bottom ( ! %aft2 & he took c>e aft]w>ds n to v5ture into ! dang]\s p>ts ( ! m9e )\t ! protection ( a ,geordy lamp4 ,! "t t ,rob]t sp5t at ,kill+wor? z view]'s appr5tice 0 ( advantage bo? to 8 fa!r & himself4 ,! ev5+s 7 g5]ally devot$ to read+ & /udy1 ! two f ?is "t work+ toge!r z fri5ds & co-lab\r]s4 ,"o :o us$ to drop 9 at ! cottage ( an ev5+1 well rememb]s ! animat$ & eag] discussions :i* on "s occasions took place1 m especially ) ref]5ce to ! gr[+ p[]s ( ! locomotive eng9e4 ,! son 0 ev5 m en?usia/ic ?an ! fa!r on ?is subject4 ,rob]t w\ld sugge/ num]\s alt]ations & improvem5ts 9 details4 ,8 fa!r1 on ! contr>y1 w\ld (f] e possible objection1 def5d+ ! exi/+ arrangem5ts1--pr\d1 nev]!less ( 8 son's sugge/ions1 & (t5 w>m$ & excit$ by 8 brilliant anticipations ( ! ultimate triumph ( ! locomotive4 ,^! discussions probably _h consid]able influ5ce 9 induc+ ,/eph5son to take ! next important /ep 9 ! education ( 8 son4 ,al?\gh ,rob]t1 :o 0 only n9ete5 ye>s ( age1 0 do+ well1 & 0 c]ta9 at ! expiration ( 8 appr5tice%ip to rise to a high] position1 8 fa!r 0 n satisfi$ ) ! am\nt ( in/ruction :i* he _h z yet giv5 him4 ,rememb]+ ! disadvantages "u :i* he _h himself lab\r$ ?r\gh 8 ignorance ( practical *emi/ry dur+ 8 inve/igations connect$ ) ! safety-lamp1 m especially ) ref]5ce to ! prop]ties ( gas1 z well z 9 ! c\rse ( 8 exp]im5ts ) ! object ( improv+ ! locomotive eng9e1 he det]m9$ to furni% 8 son ) z complete a sci5tific culture z 8 means w\ld af=d4 ,he also believ$ t a prop] tra9+ 9 te*nical sci5ce 0 indisp5sable to success 9 ! high] walks ( ! eng9e]'s pr(ession2 & he det]m9$ to give to 8 son t k9d & degree ( education :i* he s mu* desir$ = himself4 ,he w\ld ?us1 he knew1 secure a he>ty & g5]\s co-work] 9 ! elaboration ( ! great ideas n[ loom+ be=e him1 & ) _! unit$ practical & sci5tific k he probably felt t !y w\ld be equal to any ent]prise4 ,he accord+ly took ,rob]t f 8 lab\rs z "u-view] 9 ! ,we/ ,moor ,pit1 & 9 ,octob]1 #ahbb1 s5t him to ! ,ed9burgh ,univ]sity1 !re be+ !n no college 9 ,engl& accessible to p]sons ( mod]ate means1 = purposes ( sci5tific culture4 ,rob]t 0 furni%$ ) lett]s ( introduction to sev]al m5 ( lit]>y em95ce 9 ,ed9burgh2 8 fa!r's reputation 9 connexion ) ! safety-lamp be+ ( s]vice to him 9 ?is respect4 ,he lodg$ 9 ,drummond ,/reet1 9 ! imm$iate vic9ity ( ! college1 & att5d$ ! ,*emical ,lectures ( ,dr4 ,hope1 ! ,natural ,philosophy ,lectures ( ,sir ,john ,leslie1 & ! ,natural ,hi/ory ,class ( ,pr(essor ,jameson4 ,he also devot$ sev]al ev5+s 9 ea* week to ! /udy ( practical ,*emi/ry "u ,dr4 ,john ,murray1 himself "o ( ! num]\s design]s ( a safety-lamp4 ,he took c>eful notes ( all ! lectures1 :i* he copi$ out at night be=e he w5t to b$2 s t1 :5 he return$ to ,kill+wor?1 he might read !m ov] to 8 fa!r4 ,he aft]w>ds _h ! notes b\nd up1 & plac$ 9 8 libr>y4 ,long ye>s aft]1 :5 conv]s+ ) ,?omas ,h>rison1 ,c4,e41 at 8 h\se 9 ,gl\ce/] ,squ>e1 he rose f 8 seat & took d[n a volume f ! %elves4 ,mr4 ,h>rison obs]v$ t ! book 0 9 ,,ms41 neatly writt5 out4 ,:at h we "h8 he ask$4 ,! answ] 0--,:5 ,i w5t to college1 ,i knew ! difficulty my fa!r _h 9 collect+ ! funds to s5d me !re4 ,be=e go+ ,i /udi$ %ort-h&2 :ile at ,ed9burgh1 ,i took d[n v]batim e lecture2 & 9 ! ev5+s1 be=e ,i w5t to b$1 ,i transcrib$ ^? lectures ^w = ^w4 ,y see ! result 9 t range ( books4 ,"o ( ! practical sci5ces 9 ! /udy ( :i* ,rob]t ,/eph5son took special int]e/ :ile at ,ed9burgh 0 t ( geology4 ,! situation ( ! city1 9 ! mid/ ( a di/rict ( highly int]e/+ geological =mation1 easily accessible to p$e/rians1 is inde$ mo/ fav\rable to ! pursuit ( su* a /udy2 & x 0 ! practice ( ,pr(essor ,jameson frequ5tly to head a b& ( 8 pupils1 arm$ ) hamm]s1 *isels1 & cl9omet]s1 & take !m ) him on a long ramble into ! c\ntry1 = ! purpose ( tea*+ !m habits ( obs]vation & read+ to !m f ! op5 book ( ,nature itself4 ,at ! close ( ?is session1 ! pr(essor took ) him a select body ( 8 pupils on an excursion along ! ,great ,gl5 ( ! ,highl&s1 9 ! l9e ( ! ,cal$onian ,canal1 & ,rob]t =m$ "o ( ! p>ty4 ,!y pass$ "u ! %ad[ ( ,b5 ,nevis1 exam9$ ! fam\s old sea-m>g9s kn[n z ! p>allel roads ( ,gl5 ,roy1 & ext5d$ _! j\rney z f> z ,inv]ness2 ! pr(essor tea*+ ! "y m5 z !y travell$ h[ to obs]ve 9 a m\nta9 c\ntry4 ,n long be=e 8 dea?1 ,rob]t ,/eph5son spoke 9 gl[+ t]ms ( ! great pleasure & b5efit :i* he _h d]iv$ f t int]e/+ excursion4 ,i h travell$ f>1 & enjoy$ mu*1 he said2 b t delightful botanical & geological j\rney ,i %all nev] =get2 & ,i am j ab\t to />t 9 ! ,titania = a trip r\nd ! ea/ coa/ ( ,scotl&1 return+ s\? ?r\gh ! ,cal$onian ,canal1 to refre% myself ) ! recollection ( t fir/ & brighte/ t\r ( my life4 ,t[>ds ! end ( ! summ] ( #ahbb ! "y /ud5t return$ to ,kill+wor? to re-ent] ^u ! active bus9ess ( life4 ,! six mon?s' /udy _h co/ 8 fa!r #hj p\nds2 b he 0 amply repaid by ! bett] sci5tific culture :i* 8 son _h acquir$1 & ! evid5ce ( ability & indu/ry :i* he 0 enabl$ to exhibit 9 a prize = ma!matics :i* he _h won at ! ,univ]sity4 ,,*apt] ,,viii4 ,,george ,,/eph5son ,,eng9e] ,,( ,,! ,,/ockton ,,& ,,d>l+ton ,,railway4 ,! di/rict we/ ( ,d>l+ton1 9 ,durham1 is "o ( ! ri*e/ m9]al fields ( ! ,nor?4 ,va/ /ores ( coal und]lie ! ,bi%op ,auckl& ,valley2 & f an e>ly p]iod new & good roads to m>ket 7 felt to be exce$+ly desirable4 ,z yet x rema9$ almo/ a clos$ field1 ! co/ ( transport ( ! coal 9 c>ts1 or on horses' or donkeys' backs1 greatly limit+ ! sale4 ,long ago1 9 ! days ( canal =mations1 ,br9dley 0 consult$ ab\t a canal2 aft]w>ds1 9 #ahab1 a tramroad 0 survey$ by ,r5nie2 & ev5tually1 9 #ahag1 a railway 0 project$ f ,d>l+ton to ,/ockton-on-,tees4 ,picture3 ,map ( ,/ockton & ,d>l+ton ,railway ,( ?is railway ,edw>d ,pease 0 ! projector4 ,a ?\ghtful & sagaci\s man1 ready 9 res\rces1 possess$ ( indomitable en]gy & p]sev]ance1 he 0 em95tly qualifi$ to und]take :at appe>$ to _m ! hopeless ent]prise ( obta9+ an ,act = a railway ?r\gh su* an unpromis+ di/rict4 ,"o :o knew him 9 #ahah said1 he 0 a man :o c\ld see a hundr$ ye>s ahead4 ,picture3 ,edw>d ,pease ,:5 ! writ] la/ saw him1 9 ! autumn ( #ahed1 ,mr4 ,pease 0 9 8 eighty-eigh? ye>2 yet he /ill possess$ ! hopefulness & m5tal vig\r ( a man 9 8 prime4 ,hale & he>ty1 & full ( rem9isc5ces ( ! pa/1 he cont9u$ to take an active int]e/ 9 all measures calculat$ to r5d] m5 happi] & bett]4 ,/ill s\nd 9 heal?1 8 eye _h n lo/ its brilliancy1 nor 8 *eek its col\r2 & !re 0 an ela/icity 9 8 /ep :i* y\ng] m5 might h envi$4 #abe ,9 gett+ up a company = survey+ & =m+ a railway1 ,mr4 ,pease _h great difficulties to enc\nt]4 ,! p ( ! neighb\rhood spoke ( x z a ridicul\s und]tak+1 & pr$ict$ t x w\ld be ru9\s to all conc]n$4 ,ev5 ^? mo/ int]e/$ 9 ! op5+ ( new m>kets = _! coal1 7 indiff]5t1 if n actually ho/ile4 ,! ,/ockton m]*ants & %ip[n]s1 :om x 0 calculat$ s greatly to b5efit1 gave ! project no support2 & n tw5ty %>es 7 subscrib$ = 9 ! :ole t[n4 ,mr4 ,pease nev]!less p]sev]$2 & he induc$ _m ( 8 fri5ds & relations to subscribe ! capital requir$4 ,! necess>y prelim9>y /eps 7 tak5 9 #ahah to apply = an act to au?orise ! con/ruction ( a tramroad f ,witton to ,/ockton4 ,! measure 0 h[ev]1 /rongly oppos$ by ! ,duke ( ,clevel&1 because ! propos$ l9e pass$ close by "o ( 8 fox cov]s2 & ! bill 0 reject$4 ,a new survey 0 !n made1 avoid+ ! ,duke's cov]2 & 9 #ahai a r5ew$ application 0 made to ,p>liam5t4 ,! promot]s 7 ?is "t successful1 & ! royal ass5t 0 giv5 to ! fir/ ,/ockton & ,d>l+ton ,railway ,act on ! #ai? ,april1 #ahba4 ,! projectors did n orig9ally contemplate ! employm5t ( locomotives4 ,! ,act provid$ = ! mak+ & ma9ta9+ ( tramroads = ! passage ( waggons & o!r c>riages ) m5 & horses or o!rwise1 & a fur!r clause made provision = damages done 9 c\rse ( traffic by ! waggon]s4 ,! public 7 to be free to use ) horses1 cattle & c>riages1 ! roads =m$ by ! company1 on paym5t ( ! au?oris$ rates1 betwe5 ! h\rs ( sev5 9 ! morn+ & six 9 ! ev5+1 dur+ w9t]2 betwe5 six 9 ! morn+ & eight 9 ! ev5+1 9 two ( ! spr+ & autumn mon?s2 & betwe5 five 9 ! morn+ & t5 9 ! ev5+1 9 ! summ] mon?s ( ,may1 ,june1 ,july1 & ,augu/4 ,f ?is x w be obvi\s t ! projectors ( ! l9e _h !mselves at fir/ no v l>ge conceptions z to ! scope ( _! project4 ,"o day1 9 ! spr+ ( #ahba1 two /rang]s knock$ at ! door ( ,mr4 ,pease's h\se 9 ,d>l+ton2 & ! message 0 br\ght to him t "s p]sons f ,kill+wor? want$ to speak ) him4 ,!y 7 invit$ 91 on :i* "o ( ! visitors introduc$ himself z ,ni*olas ,wood1 view] at ,kill+wor?1 & !n turn+ to 8 companion1 he introduc$ him z ,george ,/eph5son1 eng9e-wright1 ( ! same place4 ,mr4 ,pease ent]$ into conv]sation ) 8 visitors1 & 0 soon told _! object4 ,/eph5son _h he>d ( ! pass+ ( ! ,/ockton & ,d>l+ton ,act1 & desir+ to increase 8 railway exp]i5ce1 & also to employ 9 "s l>g] field ! practical k he _h already ga9$1 he det]m9$ to visit ! kn[n projector ( ! und]tak+1 ) ! view ( be+ employ$ to c>ry x out4 ,he _h br\ght ) him 8 fri5d ,wood1 = ! purpose at ! same "t ( reliev+ 8 diffid5ce1 & support+ 8 application4 ,mr4 ,pease lik$ ! appe>ance ( 8 visitor3 !re 01 z he aft]w>ds rem>k$ :5 speak+ ( ,/eph5son1 su* an hone/1 s5sible look ab\t him1 & he seem$ s mode/ & unpret5d+4 ,he spoke 9 ! /rong ,nor?umbrian dialect ( 8 di/rict1 & describ$ himself z 'only ! eng9e-wright at ,kill+wor?2 t's :at he 04' ,mr4 ,pease soon saw t our eng9e] 0 ! v man = 8 purpose4 ,! :ole plans ( ! railway 7 /ill 9 an undet]m9$ /ate1 & ,mr4 ,pease 0 !re=e glad to h ! opportunity ( pr(it+ by ,/eph5son's exp]i5ce4 ,9 ! c\rse ( _! conv]sation1 ! latt] /rongly recomm5d$ a railway 9 pref]5ce to a tramroad4 ,!y also discuss$ ! k9d ( tractive p[] to be employ$3 ,mr4 ,pease /at+ t ! company _h bas$ _! :ole calculations on ! employm5t ( horse p[]4 ,i 0 s satisfi$1 said he aft]w>ds1 t a horse ^u an iron road w\ld draw t5 tons = "o ton on a common road1 t ,i felt sure t be=e long ! railway w\ld become ! ,k+'s highway4 ,b ,mr4 ,pease 0 sc>cely prep>$ = ! bold ass]tion made by 8 visitor1 t ! locomotive eng9e ) :i* he _h be5 work+ ! ,kill+wor? ,railway = _m ye>s pa/ 0 wor? fifty horses1 & t eng9es made aft] a simil> plan w\ld yet entirely sup]s$e all horse p[] ^u railroads4 ,/eph5son 0 daily becom+ m positive z to ! sup]iority ( 8 locomotive2 & h5ce he /rongly urg$ ,mr4 ,pease to adopt x4 ,come ov] to ,kill+wor?1 said he1 & see :at my eng9es c d2 see+ is believ+1 sir4 ,mr4 ,pease accord+ly promis$ t on "s e>ly day he w\ld g ov] to ,kill+wor?1 & take a look at ! wond]ful ma*9e t 0 to sup]s$e horses4 ,! result ( ! int]view 01 t ,mr4 ,pease promis$ to br+ ,/eph5son's application = ! appo9tm5t ( eng9e] be=e ! ,directors1 & to support x ) 8 influ5ce2 :]eon ! two visitors prep>$ to take _! leave1 in=m+ ,mr4 ,pease t !y int5d$ to return to ,newca/le by nip2 t is1 !y expect$ to get a smuggl$ lift on ! /age-coa*1 by tipp+ ,jehu1--= 9 ^? days ! /age coa*m5 reg>d$ all casual roadside pass5g]s z _! prop] p]quisites4 ,!y _h1 h[ev]1 be5 s mu* engross$ by _! conv]sation1 t ! lapse ( "t 0 =gott51 & :5 ,/eph5son & 8 fri5d made enquiries ab\t ! return coa*1 !y f\nd ! la/ _h left2 & !y _h to walk ! #ah miles to ,durham on _! way back to ,newca/le4 ,mr4 ,pease hav+ made fur!r inquiries respect+ ,/eph5son's "* & qualifications1 & hav+ receiv$ a v /rong recomm5dation ( him z ! "r man = ! int5d$ "w1 he br\ght ! subject ( 8 application be=e ! directors ( ! ,/ockton & ,d>l+ton ,company4 ,!y resolv$ to adopt 8 recomm5dation t a railway be =m$ in/ead ( a tramroad2 & !y fur!r reque/$ ,mr4 ,pease to write to ,/eph5son1 desir+ him to und]take a re-survey ( ! l9e at ! e>lie/ practicable p]iod4 ,a man 0 despat*$ on a horse ) ! lett]1 & :5 he rea*$ ,kill+wor? he made dilig5t enquiry aft] ! p]son nam$ ^u ! address1 ,george ,/eph5son1 ,esquire1 ,eng9e]4 ,no su* p]son 0 kn[n 9 ! village4 ,x is said t ! man 0 on ! po9t ( giv+ up all fur!r se>*1 :5 ! happy ?\ght /ruck "s ( ! colli]s' wives :o _h ga!r$ ab\t him1 t x mu/ be ,geordie ! eng9e-wright ! man 0 9 se>* (2 & to ,geordie's cottage he accord+ly w5t1 f\nd him at home1 & deliv]$ ! lett]4 ,ab\t ! end ( ,septemb]1 ,/eph5son w5t c>efully ov] ! l9e ( ! propos$ railway1 = ! purpose ( sugge/+ su* improvem5ts & deviations z he might consid] desirable4 ,he 0 accompani$ by an assi/ant & a *a9man1--8 son ,rob]t ent]+ ! figures :ile 8 fa!r took ! sights4 ,aft] be+ engag$ 9 ! "w at int]vals = ab\t six weeks1 ,/eph5son report$ ! result ( 8 survey to ! ,bo>d ( ,directors1 & %[$ t by c]ta9 deviations1 a l9e %ort] by ab\t ?ree miles might be con/ruct$ at a consid]able sav+ 9 exp5se1 :ile at ! same "t m fav\rable gradi5ts--an important consid]ation--w\ld be secur$4 ,x 01 h[ev]1 det]m9$ 9 ! fir/ place to proce$ ) ! works at ^? p>ts ( ! l9e :]e no deviation 0 propos$2 & ! fir/ rail ( ! ,/ockton & ,d>l+ton ,railway 0 laid ) consid]able c]emony1 ne> ,/ockton1 on ! #bcrd ,may1 #ahbb4 ,x is wor?y ( note t ,/eph5son1 9 mak+ 8 fir/ e/imate ( ! co/ ( =m+ ! railway accord+ to ! ,in/ructions ( ! directors1 set d[n1 z "p ( ! co/1 #fbjj p\nds = /ation>y eng9es1 n m5tion+ locomotives at all4 ,! directors z yet conf9$ _! views to ! employm5t only ( horses = ! haulage ( ! coals1 & ( fix$ eng9es & ropes :]e horse-p[] 0 n applicable4 ,! :ole "q ( /eam locomotive p[] 01 9 ! e/imation ( ! public1 z well z ( practical & sci5tific m51 z yet 9 d\bt4 ,! confid5t anticipations ( ,george ,/eph5son1 z to ! ev5tual success ( locomotive eng9es1 7 reg>d$ z m]e speculations2 & :5 he gave utt]ance to 8 views1 z he frequ5tly took ! opportunity ( do+1 x ev5 _h ! effect ( %ak+ ! confid5ce ( "s ( 8 fri5ds 9 ! solidity ( 8 judgm5t & 8 practical qualities z an eng9e]4 ,:5 ,mr4 ,pease discuss$ ! "q ) ,/eph5son1 8 rem>k 01 ,come ov] & see my eng9es at ,kill+wor?1 & satisfy y\rself z to ! effici5cy ( ! locomotive4 ,i w %[ y ! colli]y books1 t y may asc]ta9 = y\rself ! actual co/ ( work+4 ,& ,i mu/ tell y t ! economy ( ! locomotive eng9e is no long] a matt] ( !ory1 b a matt] ( fact4 ,s confid5t 0 ! tone 9 :i* ,/eph5son spoke ( ! success ( 8 eng9es1 & s important 7 ! consequ5ces involv$ 9 arriv+ at a correct conclusion on ! subject1 t ,mr4 ,pease at l5g? resolv$ ^u pay+ a visit to ,kill+wor? 9 ! summ] ( #ahbb1 to see ) 8 own eyes ! wond]ful new p[] s mu* vaunt$ by ! eng9e]4 ,:5 ,mr4 ,pease arriv$ at ,kill+wor? village1 he inquir$ = ,george ,/eph5son1 & 0 told t he mu/ g ov] to ! ,we/ ,moor1 & seek = a cottage by ! roadside1 ) a dial ov] ! door--t 0 :]e ,george ,/eph5son liv$4 ,!y soon f\nd ! h\se ) ! dial2 & on knock+1 ! door 0 op5$ by ,mrs4 ,/eph5son--8 second wife 7,elizabe? ,h9dm>%71 ! daught] ( a f>m] at ,black ,call]ton1 :om he _h m>ri$ 9 #ahbj4 #abi ,h] husb&1 %e said1 0 n 9 ! h\se at pres5t1 b %e w\ld s5d = him to ! colli]y4 ,& 9 a %ort "t ,/eph5son appe>$ be=e !m 9 8 work+ dress1 j z he _h come out ( ! pit4 ,he v soon _h 8 locomotive br\ght up to ! cross+ close by ! end ( ! cottage1--made ! g5tlem5 m\nt x1 & %[$ !m its paces4 ,h>ness+ x to a tra9 ( load$ waggons1 he ran x along ! railroad1 & s ?or\ghly satisfi$ 8 visitors ( its p[] & capabilities1 t f t day ,edw>d ,pease 0 a decl>$ support] ( ! locomotive eng9e4 ,9 prep>+ ! ,am5d$ ,/ockton & ,d>l+ton ,act1 at ,/eph5son's urg5t reque/ ,mr4 ,pease _h a clause ins]t$1 tak+ p[] to "w ! railway by means ( locomotive eng9es1 & to employ !m = ! haulage ( pass5g]s z well z ( m]*&ise4 #acj ,! ,act 0 obta9$ 9 #ahbc1 on :i* ,/eph5son 0 appo9t$ ! company's eng9e] at a sal>y ( #cjj p\nds p] annum2 & x 0 det]m9$ t ! l9e %\ld be con/ruct$ & op5$ = traffic z soon z practicable4 ,he at once proce$$1 accompani$ by 8 assi/ants1 ) ! work+ survey ( ! l9e1 lay+ out e foot ( ! gr\nd himself4 ,railway survey+ 0 z yet 9 its infancy1 & 0 sl[ & difficult "w4 ,x aft]w>ds became a sep>ate bran* ( railway bus9ess1 & 0 entru/$ to a special /aff4 ,inde$ on no subsequ5t l9e did ,george ,/eph5son take ! sights ?r\gh ! _s level ) 8 own h&s & eyes z he did on ?is railway4 ,he />t$ v e>ly--dress$ 9 a blue tail$ coat1 bree*es1 & top-boots--& survey$ until dusk4 ,he 0 n at any "t p>ticul> z to 8 liv+2 & dur+ ! survey1 he took 8 *ance ( gett+ a little milk & bread at "s cottag]'s h\se along ! l9e1 or occasionally jo9$ 9 a homely d9n] at "s neighb\r+ f>mh\se4 ,! c\ntry p 7 accu/om$ to give him a he>ty welcome :5 he appe>$ at _! door2 = he 0 always full ( *e]y & homely talk1 &1 :5 !re 7 *ildr5 ab\t ! h\se1 he _h pl5ty ( humor\s *at = !m z well z = _! s5iors4 ,aft] ! day's "w 0 ov]1 ,george w\ld drop 9 at ,mr4 ,pease's1 to talk ov] ! progress ( ! survey1 & discuss v>i\s matt]s connect$ ) ! railway4 ,mr4 ,pease's daught]s 7 usually pres5t2 & on "o occasion1 f9d+ ! "y ladies le>n+ ! art ( embroid]y1 he volunte]$ to in/ruct !m4 #aca ,i "k all ab\t x1 said he2 & y w wond] h[ ,i le>nt x4 ,i w tell y4 ,:5 ,i 0 a brakesman at ,kill+wor?1 ,i le>nt ! art ( embroid]y :ile work+ ! pitm5's buttonholes by ! eng9e fire at nights4 ,he 0 nev] a%am$1 b on ! contr>y r pr\d1 ( rem9d+ 8 fri5ds ( ^! humble pursuits ( 8 e>ly life4 ,mr4 ,pease's family 7 greatly pleas$ ) 8 conv]sation1 :i* 0 always amus+ & in/ructive2 full ( all sorts ( exp]i5ce1 ga!r$ 9 ! odde/ & mo/ out-(-!-way places4 ,ev5 at t e>ly p]iod1 be=e he mix$ 9 ! society ( educat$ p]sons1 !re 0 a da% ( speculativ5ess 9 8 rem>ks1 :i* gave a high degree ( orig9ality to 8 conv]sation2 & he w\ld sometimes1 9 a casual rem>k1 ?r[ a fla% ( light ^u a subject1 :i* call$ up a tra9 ( pregnant sugge/ions4 ,"o ( ! mo/ important subjects ( discussion at ^! meet+s ) ,mr4 ,pease1 0 ! e/abli%m5t ( a manufactory at ,newca/le = ! build+ ( locomotive eng9es4 ,up to ?is "t all ! locomotives con/ruct$ aft] ,/eph5son's designs1 _h be5 made by ord9>y me*anics work+ among ! colli]ies 9 ! ,nor? ( ,engl&4 ,b he _h long felt t ! accuracy & /yle ( _! workman%ip admitt$ ( great improvem5t1 & t ^u ?is ! m p]fect action ( ! locomotive eng9e1 & its g5]al adoption1 9 a great measure dep5d$4 ,"o great object t he _h 9 view 9 e/abli%+ ! propos$ factory 01 to conc5trate a numb] ( good workm51 = ! purpose ( c>ry+ out ! improvem5ts 9 detail :i* he 0 con/antly mak+ 9 8 eng9e4 ,he felt hamp]$ by ! want ( effici5t help f skill$ me*anics1 :o c\ld "w out 9 a practical =m ! ideas ( :i* 8 busy m9d 0 always s prolific4 ,d\btless1 too1 he believ$ t ! manufactory w\ld prove a remun]ative inve/m5t1 & t1 on ! g5]al adoption ( ! railway sy/em :i* he anticipat$1 he w\ld d]ive solid advantages f ! fact ( 8 e/abli%m5t be+ ! only "o ( ! k9d = ! special con/ruction ( locomotive eng9es4 ,mr4 ,pease approv$ ( 8 design1 & /rongly recomm5d$ him to c>ry x into effect4 ,b !re 0 ! "q ( means2 & ,/eph5son did n ?9k he _h capital en\gh = ! purpose4 ,he told ,mr4 ,pease t he c\ld advance #ajjj p\nds--! am\nt ( ! te/imonial pres5t$ by ! coal-own]s = 8 safety-lamp inv5tion1 :i* he _h /ill left unt\*$2 b he did n ?9k ?is suffici5t = ! purpose1 & he ?\ght t he %\ld require at lea/ ano!r #ajjj p\nds4 ,mr4 ,pease _h be5 v mu* /ruck ) ! successful p]=mances ( ! ,kill+wor? eng9e2 & be+ an accurate judge ( "*1 he believ$ t he c\ld n g f> wrong 9 l9k+ a portion ( 8 =tune ) ! en]gy & indu/ry ( ,george ,/eph5son4 ,he consult$ 8 fri5d ,?omas ,ri*>dson 9 ! matt]2 & ! two cons5t$ to advance #ejj p\nds ea* = ! purpose ( e/abli%+ ! eng9e factory at ,newca/le4 ,a piece ( l& 0 accord+ly pur*as$ 9 ,=? ,/reet1 9 ,augu/1 #ahbc1 on :i* a small build+ 0 erect$--! nucleus ( ! gigantic e/abli%m5t :i* 0 aft]w>ds =m$ ar\nd x2 & active op]ations 7 begun e>ly 9 #ahbd4 ,:ile ! ,/ockton & ,d>l+ton ,railway works 7 9 progress1 our eng9e] _h _m int]e/+ discussions ) ,mr4 ,pease1 on po9ts connect$ ) its con/ruction & work+1 ! det]m9ation ( :i* 9 a great measure affect$ ! =mation & work+ ( all future railways4 ,! mo/ important po9ts 7 ^!3 #a4 ,! comp>ative m]its ( ca/ & wr\ght iron rails4 #b4 ,! gauge ( ! railway4 #c4 ,! employm5t ( horse or eng9e p[] 9 work+ x1 :5 ready = traffic4 ,! k9d ( rails to be laid d[n to =m ! p]man5t road 0 a matt] ( consid]able importance4 ,a wood5 tramroad _h be5 contemplat$ :5 ! fir/ ,act 0 appli$ =2 b ,/eph5son hav+ advis$ t an iron road %\ld be laid d[n1 he 0 in/ruct$ to draw up a specification ( ! rails4 ,he w5t be=e ! directors to discuss ) !m ! k9d ( mat]ial to be specifi$4 ,he 0 himself int]e/$ 9 ! pat5t = ca/-iron rails1 :i* he _h tak5 out 9 conjunction ) ,mr4 ,lo% 9 #ahaf2 &1 ( c\rse1 x 0 to 8 int]e/ t 8 articles %\ld be us$4 ,b :5 reque/$ to give 8 op9ion on ! subject1 he frankly said to ! directors1 ,well1 g5tlem51 to tell y ! tru?1 al?\gh x w\ld put #ejj p\nds 9 my pocket to specify my own pat5t rails1 ,i _c d s aft] ! exp]i5ce ,i h _h4 ,if y take my advice1 y w n lay d[n a s+le ca/-iron rail4 ,:y8 ask$ ! directors4 ,because !y w n /& ! weight1 & y w be at no end ( exp5se = repairs & relays4 ,:at k9d ( road1 !n1 he 0 ask$1 w\ld y recomm5d8 ,malleable rails1 c]ta9ly1 said he2 & ,i c recomm5d !m ) ! m confid5ce f ! fact t at ,kill+wor? we h _h "s ,sw$i% b>s laid d[n--nail$ to wood5 sleep]s--= a p]iod ( f\rte5 ye>s1 ! waggons pass+ ov] !m daily2 & !re !y are1 9 use yet1 :]eas ! ca/ rails are con/antly giv+ way4 ,! price ( malleable rails 01 h[ev]1 s high--be+ !n wor? ab\t #ab p\nds p] ton z comp>$ ) ca/-iron rails at ab\t #e p\nds #ajs4--& ! sav+ ( exp5se 0 s important a consid]ation ) ! subscrib]s1 t ,/eph5son 0 direct$ to provide1 9 ! specification1 t only "o-half ( ! rails requir$--or ab\t #hjj tons--%\ld be ( malleable iron1 & ! rema9d] ( ca/-iron4 ,! malleable rails 7 ( ! k9d call$ fi%-belli$1 & weigh$ #bh lbs4 to ! y>d1 be+ #b4be in*es broad at ! top1 ) ! upp] flange #j4ge in* ?ick4 ,!y 7 only #b in*es 9 dep? at ! po9ts at :i* !y re/$ on ! *airs1 & #c4be in*es 9 ! middle or belli$ "p4 ,:5 =m+ ! road1 ! prop] gauge _h also to be det]m9$4 ,:at wid? 0 ?is to be8 ,! gauge ( ! fir/ tramroad laid d[n _h virtually settl$ ! po9t4 ,! gauge ( :eels ( ! common vehicles ( ! c\ntry--( ! c>ts & waggons employ$ on common roads1 :i* 7 fir/ us$ on ! tramroads--0 ab\t #d feet #h4e in*es4 ,& s ! fir/ tramroads 7 laid d[n ( ?is gauge4 ,! tools & ma*9]y = con/ruct+ coal-waggons & locomotives 7 =m$ ) ?is gauge 9 view4 ,! ,wylam waggon-way1 aft]w>ds ! ,wylam plate-way1 ! ,kill+wor? railroad1 & ! ,hetton rail road1 7 z ne>ly z possible on ! same gauge4 ,"s ( ! e>?-waggons us$ to =m ! ,/ockton & ,d>l+ton road 7 br\ght f ! ,hetton railway2 & o!rs :i* 7 specially con/ruct$ 7 =m$ ( ! same dim5sions1 ^! be+ int5d$ to be aft]w>ds employ$ 9 ! work+ ( ! traffic4 ,z ! p]iod drew ne> = ! op5+ ( ! l9e1 ! "q ( ! tractive p[] to be employ$ 0 anxi\sly discuss$4 ,at ! ,brusselton incl9e1 fix$ eng9es mu/ necess>ily be made use (2 b ) respect to ! mode ( work+ ! railway g5]ally1 x 0 decid$ t horses 7 to be l>gely employ$1 & arrangem5ts 7 made = _! pur*ase4 ,! influ5ce ( ,mr4 ,pease also secur$ t a fair trial %\ld be giv5 to ! exp]im5t ( work+ ! traffic by locomotive p[]2 & ?ree eng9es 7 ord]$ f ! firm ( ,/eph5son & ,co41 ,newca/le1 :i* 7 put 9 h& =?)1 9 anticipation ( ! op5+ ( ! railway4 ,^! 7 con/ruct$ aft] ,mr4 ,/eph5son's mo/ matur$ designs1 & embodi$ all ! improvem5ts :i* he _h contriv$ up to t "t4 ,no4 ,i4 eng9e1 ! ,locomotion1 :i* 0 fir/ deliv]$1 weigh$ ab\t eight tons4 ,x _h "o l>ge flue or tube ?r\gh ! boil]1 by :i* ! heat$ air pass$ direct f ! furnace at "o end1 l9$ ) fire-bricks1 to ! *imney at ! o!r4 ,! combu/ion 9 ! furnace 0 quick5$ by ! adoption ( ! /eam-bla/ 9 ! *imney4 ,! heat rais$ 0 sometimes s great1 & x 0 s imp]fectly ab/ract$ by ! surr\nd+ wat]1 t ! *imney became almo/ r$-hot4 ,su* eng9es1 :5 put to _! spe$1 7 f\nd capable ( runn+ at ! rate ( f twelve to sixte5 miles an h\r2 b !y 7 bett] adapt$ = ! heavy "w ( haul+ coal-tra9s at l[ spe$s--= :i*1 inde$1 !y 7 specially con/ruct$--?an = runn+ at ! high] spe$s aft]w>ds adopt$4 ,nor 0 x contemplat$ by ! directors z possible1 at ! "t :5 !y 7 ord]$1 t locomotives c\ld be made available = ! purposes ( pass5g] travell+4 ,besides1 ! ,/ockton & ,d>l+ton ,railway did n run ?r\gh a di/rict 9 :i* pass5g]s 7 suppos$ to be likely to con/itute any consid]able portion ( ! traffic4 ,we may easily imag9e ! anxiety felt by ,mr4 ,/eph5son dur+ ! progress ( ! works t[>ds completion1 & 8 m+l$ hopes & d\bts 7?\gh 8 d\bts 7 b few7 z to ! issue ( ?is great exp]im5t4 ,:5 ! =mation ( ! l9e ne> ,/ockton 0 well advanc$1 ,mr4 ,/eph5son "o day1 accompani$ by 8 son ,rob]t & ,john ,dixon1 made a j\rney ( inspection ( ! works4 ,! p>ty rea*$ ,/ockton1 & proce$$ to d9e at "o ( ! inns !re4 ,aft] d9n]1 ,/eph5son v5tur$ on ! v unusual measure ( ord]+ 9 a bottle ( w9e1 to dr9k success to ! railway4 ,john ,dixon relates ) pride ! utt]ance ( ! ma/] on ! occasion4 ,n[1 lads1 said he to ! two "y m51 ,i v5ture to tell y t ,i ?9k y w live to see ! day :5 railways w sup]s$e almo/ all o!r me?ods ( conveyance 9 ?is c\ntry--:5 mail-coa*es w g by railway1 & railroads w become ! great highway = ! k+ & all 8 subjects4 ,! "t is com+ :5 x w be *eap] = a work+ man to travel ^u a railway ?an to walk on foot4 ,i "k !re are great & almo/ insurm\ntable difficulties to be enc\nt]$2 b :at ,i h said w come to pass z sure z y live4 ,i only wi% ,i may live to see ! day1 ?\gh t ,i c sc>cely hope =1 z ,i "k h[ sl[ all human progress is1 & ) :at difficulty ,i h be5 able to get ! locomotive ?us f> adopt$1 not)/&+ my m ?an t5 ye>s' successful exp]im5t at ,kill+wor?4 ,! result1 h[ev]1 out/ripp$ ev5 ! mo/ sangu9e anticipations ( ,/eph5son2 & 8 son ,rob]t1 %ortly aft] 8 return f ,am]ica 9 #ahbg1 saw 8 fa!r's locomotive g5]ally employ$ z ! tractive p[] on railways4 ,! ,/ockton & ,d>l+ton l9e 0 op5$ = traffic on ! #bg? ,septemb]1 #ahbe4 ,an imm5se conc\rse ( p assembl$ f all p>ts to witness ! c]emony ( op5+ ?is fir/ public railway4 ,! p[]ful opposition :i* ! project _h enc\nt]$1 ! ?reats :i* 7 /ill utt]$ aga9/ ! company by ! road-tru/ees & o!rs1 :o decl>$ t !y w\ld yet prev5t ! l9e be+ work$1 & p]haps ! g5]al unbelief z to its success :i* /ill prevail$1 t5d$ to excite ! curiosity ( ! public z to ! result4 ,"s w5t to rejoice at ! op5+1 "s to see ! bubble bur/2 & !re 7 _m prophets ( evil :o w\ld n miss ! bl[+ up ( ! boa/$ travell+ eng9e4 ,! op5+ 01 h[ev]1 auspici\s4 ,! proce$+s comm5c$ at ,brusselton ,incl9e1 ab\t n9e miles above ,d>l+ton1 :]e ! fix$ eng9e drew a tra9 ( load$ waggons up ! incl9e f ! we/1 & l[]$ !m on ! ea/ side4 ,at ! foot ( ! incl9e a locomotive 0 9 read9ess to receive !m1 ,/eph5son himself driv+ ! eng9e4 ,! tra9 consi/$ ( six waggons load$ ) coals & fl\r2 aft] ^! 0 ! pass5g]-coa*1 fill$ ) ! directors & _! fri5ds1 & !n tw5ty-"o waggons fitt$ up ) tempor>y seats = pass5g]s2 & la/ly came six waggon-loads ( coals1 mak+ 9 all a tra9 ( ?irty-eight vehicles4 ,! local *ronicl] ( ! day almo/ w5t beside himself 9 describ+ ! extraord9>y ev5t3--,! signal be+ giv51 he says1 ! eng9e />t$ (f ) ?is imm5se tra9 ( c>riages2 & su* 0 its velocity1 t 9 "s p>ts ! spe$ 0 frequ5tly #ab miles an h\r6 ,by ! "t x rea*$ ,/ockton !re 7 ab\t #fjj p]sons 9 ! tra9 or hang+ on to ! waggons1 :i* mu/ h gone at a safe & /eady pace ( f f\r to six miles an h\r f ,d>l+ton4 ,! arrival at ,/ockton1 x is add$1 excit$ a deep int]e/ & admiration4 ,! work+ ( ! l9e !n comm5c$1 & ! results 7 su* z to surprise ev5 ! mo/ sangu9e ( its projectors4 ,! traffic ^u :i* !y _h =m$ _! e/imates ( pr(it prov$ to be small 9 comp>ison ) t :i* fl[$ 9 ^u !m :i* !y _h nev] dreamt (4 ,?us1 :at ! company _h pr9cipally reli$ ^u = _! receipts 0 ! c>riage ( coals = l& sale at ! /ations along ! l9e1 :]eas ! haulage ( coals to ! seaports = exportation to ! ,london m>ket 0 n contemplat$ z possible4 ,:5 ! bill 0 be=e ,p>liam5t1 ,mr4 ,lambton 7aft]w>ds ,e>l ( ,durham7 succe$$ 9 gett+ a clause ins]t$1 limit+ ! *>ge = ! haulage ( all coal to ,/ockton-on-,tees = ! purpose ( %ipm5t to #j4e;d4 p] ton p] mile2 :]eas a rate ( #d;d4 p] ton 0 all[$ to be tak5 = all coals l$ ^u ! railway = l& sale4 ,mr4 ,lambton's object 9 en=c+ ! l[ rate ( #j4e;d4 0 to protect 8 own trade 9 coal export$ f ,sund]l& & ! nor!rn ports4 ,he believ$1 9 common ) ev]ybody else1 t ! #j4e;d4 rate w\ld effectually secure him aga9/ competition on ! "p ( ! ,company2 = x 0 n consid]$ possible to lead coals at t price1 & ! proprietors ( ! railway !mselves consid]$ t su* a rate w\ld be utt]ly ru9\s4 ,! projectors nev] contemplat$ s5d+ m ?an #aj1jjj tons a ye> to ,/ockton1 & ^? only = %ipm5t z balla/2 !y look$ = _! pr(its almo/ exclusively to ! l& sale4 ,! result1 h[ev]1 0 z surpris+ to !m z x mu/ h be5 to ,mr4 ,lambton4 ,! #j4e;d4 rate :i* 0 =c$ ^u !m1 in/ead ( be+ ru9\s1 prov$ ! vital elem5t 9 ! success ( ! railway4 ,9 ! c\rse ( a few ye>s1 ! annual %ipm5t ( coal1 l$ by ! ,/ockton & ,d>l+ton ,railway to ,/ockton & ,middlesbor\gh1 0 m ?an #ejj1jjj tons2 & x has s9ce f> exce$$ ?is am\nt4 ,in/ead ( be+1 z anticipat$1 a subord9ate bran* ( traffic1 x prov$1 9 fact1 ! ma9 traffic1 :ile ! l& sale 0 m]ely subsidi>y4 ,! anticipations ( ! company z to pass5g] traffic 7 9 l mann] m ?an realis$4 ,at fir/1 pass5g]s 7 n ?\ght (2 & x 0 only :ile ! works 7 9 progress t ! />t+ ( a pass5g] coa* 0 s]i\sly contemplat$4 ,! numb] ( p]sons travell+ betwe5 ! two t[ns 0 v small2 & x 0 n kn[n :e!r ^! w\ld risk _! p]sons ^u ! iron road4 ,x 0 det]m9$1 h[ev]1 to make trial ( a railway coa*2 & ,mr4 ,/eph5son 0 au?oris$ to h "o built at ,newca/le1 at ! co/ ( ! company4 ,?is 0 done accord+ly2 & ! fir/ railway pass5g] c>riage 0 built aft] our eng9e]'s design4 ,x 01 h[ev]1 a v mode/1 & inde$ a some:at unc\? ma*9e1 m resembl+ ! c>avans /ill to be se5 at c\ntry fairs conta9+ ! ,giant & ! ,dw>f & o!r wond]s ( ! _w1 ?an a pass5g]-coa* ( any extant =m4 ,a r[ ( seats ran along ea* side ( ! int]ior1 & a long deal table 0 fix$ 9 ! c5tre2 ! access be+ by means ( a door at ! back end1 9 ! mann] ( an omnibus4 ,picture3 ,! ,fir/ ,railway ,coa* ,?is coa* arriv$ f ,newca/le ! day be=e ! op5+1 & =m$ "p ( ! railway procession above describ$4 ,mr4 ,/eph5son 0 consult$ z to ! "n ( ! coa*1 & he at once sugge/$ ,! ,exp]im5t2 & by ?is "n x 0 call$4 ,! ,company's arms 7 aft]w>ds pa9t$ on h] side1 ) ! motto ,p]iculum privatum utilitas publica4 ,su* 0 ! sole pass5g]-c>ry+ /ock ( ! ,/ockton & ,d>l+ton ,company 9 ! ye> #ahbe4 ,b ! ,exp]im5t prov$ ! =]unn] ( a mighty traffic3 & long "t did n elapse be=e x 0 displac$1 n only by improv$ coa*es 7/ill drawn by horses71 b aft]w>ds by long tra9s ( pass5g]-c>riages drawn by locomotive eng9es4 ,! ,exp]im5t 0 fairly />t$ z a pass5g]-coa* on ! #aj? ,octob]1 #ahbe1 a =tnight aft] ! op5+ ( ! l9e4 ,x 0 drawn by "o horse1 & p]=m$ a j\rney daily ea* way betwe5 ! two t[ns1 accompli%+ ! di/ance ( twelve miles 9 ab\t two h\rs4 ,! f>e *>g$ 0 a %ill+ )\t di/9ction ( class2 & ea* pass5g] 0 all[$ f\rte5 p\nds ( luggage free4 ,! ,exp]im5t 0 n1 h[ev]1 work$ by ! company1 b 0 let to contractors :o work$ x "u an arrangem5t :]eby toll 0 paid = ! use ( ! l9e1 r5t ( book+-cab9s1 etc4 ,! speculation answ]$ s well1 t sev]al private coa*+ companies 7 %ortly aft] got up by innkeep]s at ,d>l+ton & ,/ockton1 = ! purpose ( runn+ o!r coa*es ^u ! railroad2 & an active competition = pass5g] traffic sprang up4 ,! ,exp]im5t be+ f\nd too heavy = "o horse to draw1 besides be+ f\nd an uncom=table ma*9e1 0 bani%$ to ! coal di/rict4 ,its place 0 !n suppli$ by o!r & bett] vehicles1--?\gh !y 7 no o!r ?an old /age-coa* bodies pur*as$ by ! company1 & ea* m\nt$ ^u an und]frame ) flange-:eels4 ,^! 7 let on hire to ! coa*+ companies1 :o hors$ & manag$ !m "u an arrangem5t z to tolls1 9 l mann] z ! ,exp]im5t _h be5 work$4 ,n[ began ! di/9ction ( inside & outside pass5g]s1 equival5t to fir/ & second class1 pay+ diff]5t f>es4 ,! competition ) ea* o!r ^u ! railway1 & ) ! ord9>y /agecoa*es ^u ! road1 soon br\ght up ! spe$1 :i* 0 increas$ to t5 miles an h\r--! mail-coa* rate ( travell+ 9 ^? days1 & consid]$ v fa/4 ,mr4 ,clephan1 a native ( ! di/rict1 has describ$ "s ( ! curi\s features ( ! competition betwe5 ! rival coa* companies3--,!re 7 two sep>ate coa* companies 9 ,/ockton1 & amus+ collisions sometimes occurr$ betwe5 ! driv]s--:o f\nd on ! rail a novel elem5t = cont5tion4 ,coa*es _c pass ea* o!r on ! rail z on ! road2 &1 z ! l9e 0 s+le1 ) f\r sid+s 9 ! mile1 :5 two coa*es met1 or two tra9s1 or coa* & tra91 ! "q arose :i* ( ! driv]s mu/ g back8 ,?is 0 n always settl$ 9 sil5ce4 ,z to tra9s1 x came to be a sort ( und]/&+ t empty %\ld give way to load$ waggons2 & z to tra9s & coa*es1 t ! pass5g]s %\ld h pref]5ce ov] coals2 :ile coa*es1 :5 !y met1 mu/ qu>rel x out4 ,at l5g?1 midway betwe5 sid+s1 a po/ 0 erect$1 & a rule 0 laid d[n t he :o _h pass$ ! pill> mu/ g on1 & ! 'com+ man' g back4 ,at ! ,goose ,pool & ,e>ly ,nook1 x 0 common = ^! coa*es to /op2 & !re1 z ,jona?an w\ld say1 pass5g]s & coa*m5 'liquor$4' ,"o coa*1 introduc$ by an innkeep]1 0 a comp\nd ( two m\rn+-coa*es1--an approximation to ! real railway-coa*1 :i* /ill adh]es1 ) multiply+ exceptions1 to ! /age-coa* type4 ,"o ,dixon1 :o drove ! ',exp]im5t' betwe5 ,d>l+ton & ,%ildon1 is ! inv5tor ( c>riage-light+ on ! rail4 ,on a d>k w9t] night1 hav+ compassion on 8 pass5g]s1 he w\ld buy a p5ny c&le1 & place x light$ among/ !m on ! table ( ! ',exp]im5t'--! fir/ railway-coa* 7:i*1 by ! way1 end$ its days at ,%ildon z a railway cab971 be+ also ! fir/ coa* on ! rail 7fir/1 second1 & ?ird class jamm$ all into "o7 t indulg$ its cu/om]s ) light 9 d>kness4 ,! traffic ( all sorts increas$ s /eadily & s rapidly t consid]able difficulty 0 exp]i5c$ 9 work+ x satisfactorily4 ,x _h be5 provid$ by ! fir/ ,/ockton & ,d>l+ton ,act t ! l9e %\ld be free to all p>ties :o *ose to use x at c]ta9 prescrib$ rates1 & t any p]son might put horses & waggons on ! railway1 & c>ry = himself4 ,b ?is arrangem5t l$ to increas+ confusion & difficulty1 & c\ld n cont9ue 9 ! face ( a l>ge & rapidly-increas+ traffic4 ,! goods tra9s got s long t ! c>ri]s f\nd x necess>y to call 9 ! aid ( ! locomotive eng9e to help !m on _! way4 ,!n mix$ tra9s ( pass5g]s & m]*&ise began to run2 & ! result 0 t ! railway company f\nd x necess>y to take ! entire *>ge & work+ ( ! traffic4 ,9 c\rse ( "t new coa*es 7 specially built = ! bett] accommodation ( ! public1 until at l5g? regul> pass5g]-tra9s 7 run1 drawn by ! locomotive eng9e1--?\gh ?is 0 n until aft] ! ,liv]pool & ,man*e/] ,company _h e/abli%$ ?is z a di/9ct bran* ( _! traffic4 ,picture3 ,! ,no4 ,i4 ,eng9e at ,d>l+ton ,! ?ree ,/eph5son locomotives 7 f ! fir/ regul>ly employ$ to "w ! coal tra9s2 & _! prov$ effici5cy = ?is purpose l$ to ! gradual increase ( ! locomotive p[]4 ,! spe$ ( ! eng9es--sl[ ?\gh x seems n[--0 9 ^? days reg>d$ z some?+ m>vell\s4 ,a race actually came (f betwe5 ,no4 ,i4 eng9e1 ! ,locomotion1 & "o ( ! /age-coa*es travell+ f ,d>l+ton to ,/ockton by ! ord9>y road2 & x 0 reg>d$ z a great triumph ( me*anical skill t ! locomotive rea*$ ,/ockton fir/1 beat+ ! /age-coa* by ab\t a hundr$ y>ds6 ,! same eng9e cont9u$ 9 good work+ ord] 9 ! ye> #ahdf1 :5 x head$ ! railway procession on ! op5+ ( ! ,middlesbor\gh & ,r$c> ,railway1 travell+ at ! rate ( ab\t f\rte5 miles an h\r4 ,?is eng9e1 ! fir/ t travell$ ^u ! fir/ public railway1 has rec5tly be5 plac$ ^u a p$e/al 9 front ( ! railway /ation at ,d>l+ton4 ,= "s ye>s1 h[ev]1 ! pr9cipal haulage ( ! l9e 0 p]=m$ by horses4 ,! incl9ation ( ! gradi5ts be+ t[>ds ! sea1 ?is 0 p]haps ! *eape/ mode ( traction1 s long z ! traffic 0 n v l>ge4 ,! horse drew ! tra9 along ! level road1 until1 on rea*+ a desc5d+ gradi5t1 d[n :i* ! tra9 ran by its own gravity1 ! animal 0 unh>ness$1 &1 :5 loose1 he :eel$ r\nd to ! o!r end ( ! waggons1 to :i* a d&y-c>t 0 atta*$1 its bottom be+ only a few in*es f ! rail4 ,br++ 8 /ep into unison ) ! spe$ ( ! tra91 ! horse le>nt to leap nimbly into 8 place 9 ?is waggon1 :i* 0 usually fitt$ ) a well-fill$ hay-rack4 ,! details ( ! work+ 7 gradually p]fect$ by exp]i5ce1 ! projectors ( ! l9e be+ sc>cely consci\s at fir/ ( ! importance & significance ( ! "w :i* !y _h tak5 9 h&1 & little ?9k+ t !y 7 lay+ ! f\ndations ( a sy/em :i* 0 yet to revolutionise ! int]nal communications ( ! _w1 & conf] ! greate/ bless+s on mank9d4 ,x is important to note t ! comm]cial results ( ! ent]prise 7 consid]$ satisfactory f ! op5+ ( ! railway4 ,besides conf]r+ a great public b5efit ^u ! inhabitants ( ! di/rict & ?r[+ op5 entirely new m>kets = coal1 ! pr(its d]iv$ f ! traffic creat$ by ! railway yield$ increas+ divid5ds to ^? :o _h risk$ _! capital 9 ! und]tak+1 & ?us held =? an enc\ragem5t to ! projectors ( railways g5]ally1 :i* 0 n )\t an important effect 9 /imulat+ ! projection ( simil> ent]prises 9 o!r di/ricts4 ,^! results1 z display$ 9 ! annual divid5ds1 mu/ h be5 em95tly enc\rag+ to ! a/ute comm]cial m5 ( ,liv]pool & ,man*e/]1 :o 7 !n engag$ 9 ! prosecution ( _! railway4 ,inde$1 ! comm]cial success ( ! ,/ockton & ,d>l+ton ,company may be ju/ly *>act]is$ z ! turn+-po9t ( ! railway sy/em4 ,be=e leav+ ?is subject1 we _c avoid allud+ to "o ( its mo/ rem>kable & direct results--! creation ( ! t[n ( ,middlesbor\gh-on-,tees4 ,:5 ! railway 0 op5$ 9 #ahbe1 ! site ( ?is future metropolis ( ,clevel& 0 occupi$ by "o solit>y f>mh\se & its outbuild+s4 ,all r\nd 0 pa/ure-l& or mud-banks2 sc>cely ano!r h\se 0 )9 sight4 ,9 #ahbi "s ( ! pr9cipal proprietors ( ! railway jo9$ 9 ! pur*ase ( ab\t #ejj or #fjj acres ( l& five miles bel[ ,/ockton--! site ( ! mod]n ,middlesbor\gh--= ! purpose ( !re =m+ a new seaport = ! %ipm5t ( coals br\ght to ! ,tees by ! railway4 ,! l9e 0 accord+ly ext5d$ ?i!r2 docks 7 excavat$2 a t[n sprang up2 *ur*es1 *apels1 & s*ools 7 built1 ) a cu/om-h\se1 me*anics' in/itute1 banks1 %ipbuild+ y>ds1 & iron-factories4 ,9 t5 ye>s a busy population ( "s #fjjj p]sons 7s9ce increas$ to ab\t #bc1jjj7 occupi$ ! site ( ! orig9al f>mh\se4 #add ,m rec5tly1 ! discov]y ( va/ /ores ( iron/one 9 ! ,clevel& ,hills1 closely adjo9+ ,middlesbor\gh1 has t5d$ /ill m rapidly to augm5t ! population & increase ! comm]cial importance ( ! place4 ,x is pleas+ to relate1 9 connexion ) ?is great "w--! ,/ockton & ,d>l+ton ,railway1 project$ by ,edw>d ,pease & execut$ by ,george ,/eph5son--t :5 ,mr4 ,/eph5son became a prosp]\s & a celebrat$ man1 he did n =get ! fri5d :o _h tak5 him by ! h&1 & help$ him on 9 8 e>ly days4 ,he cont9u$ to rememb] ,mr4 ,pease ) gratitude & affection1 & t g5tleman1 to ! close ( 8 life1 0 pr\d to exhibit a h&some gold wat*1 receiv$ z a gift f 8 celebrat$ protege1 be>+ ^! words2--,e/eem & gratitude3 f ,george ,/eph5son to ,edw>d ,pease4 ,picture3 ,middlesbor\gh-on-,tees ,,*apt] ,,ix4 ,,! ,,liv]pool ,,& ,,man*e/] ,,railway ,,project$4 ,! rapid gr[? ( ! trade & manufactures ( ,s\? ,lanca%ire gave rise1 ab\t ! ye> #ahba1 to ! project ( a tramroad = ! conveyance ( goods betwe5 ,liv]pool & ,man*e/]4 ,s9ce ! con/ruction ( ! ,bridgewat] ,canal by ,br9dley1 "s fifty ye>s be=e1 ! increase 9 ! bus9ess transact$ betwe5 ! two t[ns _h become q m>vell\s4 ,! /eam-eng9e1 ! sp9n+-j5ny1 & ! canal1 work+ toge!r1 _h accumulat$ 9 "o focus a va/ aggregate ( population1 manufactures1 & trade4 ,su* 0 ! expansion ( bus9ess caus$ by ! inv5tions to :i* we h ref]r$1 t ! navigation 0 f\nd altoge!r inadequate to accommodate ! traffic1 :i* completely outgrew all ! ,canal ,companies' appliances ( :>ves1 boats1 & horses4 ,cotton lay at ,liv]pool = weeks toge!r1 wait+ to be remov$2 & x occupi$ a long] "t to transport ! c>goes f ,liv]pool to ,man*e/] ?an x _h done to br+ !m across ! ,atlantic f ! ,unit$ ,/ates to ,engl&4 ,c>ts & waggons 7 tri$1 b prov$ altoge!r insuffici5t4 ,sometimes manufactur+ op]ations _h to be susp5d$ altoge!r1 & dur+ a fro/1 :5 ! canals 7 froz5 up1 ! communication 0 entirely /opp$4 ,! consequ5ces 7 (t5 disa/r\s1 alike to op]atives1 m]*ants1 & manufactur]s4 ,expo/ulation ) ! ,canal ,companies 0 ( no use4 ,!y 7 ov]cr[d$ ) bus9ess at _! own prices1 & dispos$ to be v dictatorial4 ,:5 ! ,duke fir/ con/ruct$ 8 canal1 he _h to enc\nt] ! fi]ce opposition ( ! ,irwell & ,m]sey ,navigation1 ^: monopoly 8 new l9e ( wat] conveyance ?reat5$ to int]f]e )4 #adg ,b ! innovation ( "o g5]ation (t5 becomes ! ob/ruction ( ! next4 ,! ,duke's ag5ts w\ld sc>cely li/5 to ! remon/rances ( ! ,liv]pool m]*ants & ,man*e/] manufactur]s1 & ! ,bridgewat] ,canal 0 accord+ly1 9 its turn1 d5\nc$ z a monopoly4 ,"u ^! circum/ances1 any new mode ( transit betwe5 ! two t[ns :i* (f]$ a reasonable prospect ( relief 0 c]ta9 to receive a cordial welcome4 ,! s*eme ( a tramroad 01 h[ev]1 s new & comp>atively untri$1 t x is n surpris+ t ! p>ties int]e/$ %\ld h hesitat$ be=e committ+ !mselves to x4 ,mr4 ,s&>s1 a ,liv]pool m]*ant1 0 among/ ! fir/ to broa* ! subject4 ,he _h suff]$ 9 8 bus9ess1 9 common ) _m o!rs1 f ! insuffici5cy ( ! exi/+ modes ( communication1 & 0 ready to give consid]ation to any plan pres5t+ elem5ts ( practical effici5cy :i* propos$ a rem$y = ! g5]ally admitt$ grievance4 ,hav+ caus$ inquiry to be made z to ! success :i* _h att5d$ ! haulage ( heavy coal-tra9s by locomotive p[] on ! nor!rn railways1 he 0 l$ to ! op9ion t ! same means might be equally effici5t 9 conduct+ ! increas+ traffic 9 m]*&ise betwe5 ,liv]pool & ,man*e/]4 ,he v5tilat$ ! subject among/ 8 fri5ds1 & ab\t ! beg9n+ ( #ahba a committee 0 =m$ = ! purpose ( br++ ! s*eme ( a railroad be=e ! public4 ,! novel project hav+ become nois$ abroad1 attract$ ! att5tion ( ! fri5ds ( railways 9 o!r qu>t]s4 ,tramroads 7 by no means new exp$i5ts = ! transit ( heavy articles4 ,! ,croydon & ,w&swor? ,railway1 laid d[n by ,william ,jessop z e>ly z ! ye> #ahja1 _h be5 regul>ly us$ = ! conveyance ( lime & /one 9 waggons haul$ by mules or donkeys f ,m]/ham to ,london4 ,! sight ( ?is humble railroad 9 #ahac l$ ,sir ,ri*>d ,phillips 9 8 ',morn+ ,walk to ,kew' to anticipate ! great advantages :i* w\ld be d]iv$ by ! nation f ! g5]al adoption ( ,bl5k9sop's eng9e = ! conveyance ( mails & pass5g]s at t5 or ev5 fifte5 miles an h\r4 ,9 ! same ye> we f9d ,mr4 ,lovell ,edgwor?1 :o _h = fifty ye>s be5 advocat+ ! sup]iority ( tram or rail roads ov] common roads1 writ+ to ,james ,watt 7#g? ,augu/1 #ahac73 ,i h always ?\ght t /eam w\ld become ! univ]sal "l1 & t we %\ld 9 "t scorn po/-horses2 an iron railroad w\ld be a *eap] ?+ ?an a road ^u ! common con/ruction4 ,?omas ,gray1 ( ,nott+ham1 0 ano!r speculator on ! same subject4 ,?\gh he 0 no me*anic nor inv5tor1 he _h an en?usia/ic belief 9 ! p[]s ( ! railroad sy/em4 ,be+ a native ( ,le$s1 he _h1 :5 a boy1 se5 ,bl5k9sop's locomotive at "w on ! ,middleton cogg$ railroad1 & f an e>ly p]iod he seems to h ent]ta9$ almo/ z sangu9e views on ! subject z ,sir ,ri*>d ,phillips4 ,x w\ld appe> t ,gray 0 resid+ 9 ,brussels 9 #ahaf1 :5 ! project ( a canal f ,*>l]oi1 = ! purpose ( connect+ ,holl& ) ! m9+ di/ricts ( ,belgium1 0 ! subject ( discussion2 &1 9 conv]sation ) ,mr4 ,john ,cock]ill & o!rs1 he took ! opportunity ( advocat+ ! sup]ior advantages ( a railway4 ,he 0 absorb$ = "s "t ) ! prep>ation ( a pamphlet on ! subject4 ,he %ut himself up1 seclud$ f 8 wife & relations1 decl9+ to give !m any in=mation z to 8 my/]i\s /udies1 beyond ! assurance t 8 s*eme w\ld revolutionise ! :ole face ( ! mat]ial _w & ( society4 ,9 #ahbj ,mr4 ,gray publi%$ ! result ( 8 /udies 9 8 ',obs]vations on a ,g5]al ,iron ,railway1' 9 :i*1 ) great cog5cy1 he urg$ ! sup]iority ( a locomotive railway ov] common roads & canals1 po9t+ out1 at ! same "t1 ! advantages to all classes ( ! community ( ?is mode ( conveyance = m]*&ise & p]sons4 ,9 ?is book ,mr4 ,gray sugge/$ a railway betwe5 ,man*e/] & ,liv]pool1 :i*1 he obs]v$1 w\ld employ _m ?\s&s ( ! di/ress$ population ( ,lanca%ire4 ,! treatise mu/ h met ) a ready sale1 z we f9d t two ye>s lat] x _h pass$ into a f\r? edition4 ,9 #ahbb ,mr4 ,gray add$ diagrams to ! book1 %[+1 9 "o1 sugge/$ l9es ( railway connect+ ! pr9cipal t[ns ( ,engl&1 & 9 ano!r1 ! pr9cipal t[ns ( ,irel&4 ,^! speculations %[ t ! subject ( railways 0 gradually becom+ famili> to ! public m9d1 & t ?\ghtful m5 7 anticipat+ ) confid5ce ! adoption ( /eam-p[] = ! purposes ( railway traction4 ,at ! same "t1 a /ill m pr(itable class ( lab\r]s 0 at "w--fir/1 m5 l ,/eph5son1 :o 7 engag$ 9 improv+ ! locomotive & mak+ x a practicable & economical work+ p[]2 & next1 ^? l ,edw>d ,pease ( ,d>l+ton1 & ,joseph ,s&>s ( ,liv]pool1 :o 7 organis+ ! means ( lay+ d[n ! railways4 ,mr4 ,william ,james1 ( ,we/ ,bromwi*1 belong$ to ! active class ( projectors4 ,he 0 a man ( consid]able social influ5ce1 ( an active temp]am5t1 & _h f an e>ly p]iod tak5 a w>m int]e/ 9 ! =mation ( tramroads4 ,act+ z l&-ag5t = g5tlem5 ( prop]ty 9 ! m9+ di/ricts1 he _h laid d[n sev]al tramroads 9 ! neighb\rhood ( ,birm+ham1 ,gl\ce/]1 & ,bri/ol2 & he publi%$ _m pamphlets urg+ _! =mation 9 o!r places4 ,at "o p]iod ( 8 life he 0 a l>ge iron-manufactur]4 ,! times1 h[ev]1 w5t aga9/ him4 ,x 0 ?\ght he 0 too bold1 "s consid]$ him ev5 reckless1 9 8 speculations2 & he lo/ almo/ 8 entire =tune4 ,he cont9u$ to foll[ ! bus9ess ( a l&-ag5t1 & x 0 :ile engag$ 9 mak+ a survey = "o ( 8 cli5ts 9 ! neighb\rhood ( ,liv]pool e>ly 9 #ahba1 t he fir/ he>d ( ! project ( a railway betwe5 t t[n & ,man*e/]4 ,he at once call$ ^u ,mr4 ,s&>s1 & (f]$ 8 s]vices z surveyor ( ! propos$ l9e1 & 8 (f] 0 accept$4 ,picture3 ,map ( ,liv]pool & ,man*e/] ,railway4 7,we/]n ,"p47 ,picture3 ,map ( ,liv]pool & ,man*e/] ,railway4 7,ea/]n ,"p47 ,a trial survey 0 !n begun1 b x 0 conduct$ ) great difficulty1 ! inhabitants ( ! di/rict ent]ta9+ ! mo/ viol5t prejudices aga9/ ! s*eme4 ,9 "s places ,mr4 ,james & 8 survey+ p>ty ev5 enc\nt]$ p]sonal viol5ce4 ,! f>m]s /ation$ m5 at ! field-gates ) pit*=ks1 & sometimes ) guns1 to drive !m back4 ,at ,/4 ,hel5's1 "o ( ! *a9m5 0 laid hold ( by a mob ( colli]s1 & ?reat5$ to be hurl$ d[n a coal-pit4 ,a numb] ( m51 wom51 & *ildr51 collect$ & ran aft] ! surveyors :]ev] !y made _! appe>ance1 bawl+ nicknames & ?r[+ /ones at !m4 ,z "o ( ! *a9m5 0 climb+ ov] a gate "o day1 a lab\r] made at him ) a pit*=k1 & ran x ?r\gh 8 clo!s into 8 back2 o!r wat*]s runn+ up1 ! *a9man1 :o 0 m /unn$ ?an hurt1 took to 8 heels & fl$4 ,b t my/]i\s-look+ in/rum5t---! !odolite---mo/ excit$ ! fury ( ! natives1 :o conc5trat$ on ! man :o c>ri$ x _! fi]ce/ execrations & mo/ (f5sive nicknames4 ,a p[]ful fell[1 a not$ bruis]1 0 hir$ by ! surveyors to c>ry ! in/rum5t1 ) a view to its protection aga9/ all assailants2 b "o day an equally p[]ful fell[1 a ,/4 ,hel5's colli]1 cock ( ! walk 9 8 neighb\rhood1 made up to ! !odolite be>] to wre/ x f him by %e] =ce4 ,a battle took place1 ! colli] 0 s\ndly pummell$1 b ! natives p\r$ 9 volleys ( /ones ^u ! surveyors & _! in/rum5ts1 & ! !odolite 0 sma%$ to pieces4 ,an outl9e-survey hav+ at l5g? be5 made1 notices 7 publi%$ ( an int5d$ application to ,p>liam5t4 ,9 ! mean "t ,mr4 ,james proce$$ to ,kill+wor? to see ,/eph5son's locomotives at "w4 ,/eph5son 0 n at home at ! "t1 b ,james saw 8 eng9es1 & 0 v mu* /ruck by _! p[] & effici5cy4 ,he saw at a glance ! magnific5t uses to :i* ! locomotive might be appli$4 ,"h1 said he1 is an eng9e t w1 be=e long1 effect a complete revolution 9 society4 ,return+ to ,moreton-9-!-,m>%1 he wrote to ,mr4 ,lo% 7,/eph5son's p>tn] 9 ! pat5t7 express+ 8 admiration ( ! ,kill+wor? eng9e4 ,x is1 said he1 ! greate/ wond] ( ! age1 & ! =]unn]1 z ,i firmly believe1 ( ! mo/ important *anges 9 ! int]nal communications ( ! k+dom4 ,%ortly aft]1 ,mr4 ,james1 accompani$ by 8 two sons1 made a second j\rney to ,kill+wor?1 :]e he met bo? ,lo% & ,/eph5son4 ,! visitors 7 at once tak5 to :]e ! locomotive 0 work+1 & invit$ to m\nt x4 ,! unc\? & extraord9>y appe>ance ( ! ma*9e1 z x came snort+ along1 0 some:at al>m+ to ! y\?s1 :o express$ _! fe>s le/ x %\ld bur/2 & !y 7 ) "s difficulty induc$ to m\nt4 ,! eng9e w5t ?r\gh its usual p]=mances1 dragg+ a heavy load ( coal-waggons at ab\t six miles an h\r1 ) app>5t ease1 at :i* ,mr4 ,james express$ 8 extreme satisfaction1 & decl>$ to ,mr4 ,lo% 8 op9ion t ,/eph5son 0 ! greate/ practical g5ius ( ! age1 & t1 if he develop$ ! full p[]s ( t eng9e 7! locomotive71 8 fame 9 ! _w w\ld rank equal ) t ( ,watt4 ,mr4 ,james in=m$ ,/eph5son & ,lo% ( 8 survey ( ! propos$ tramroad betwe5 ,liv]pool & ,man*e/]1 & did n hesitate to /ate t he w\ld !nce=w>d advocate ! con/ruction ( a locomotive railroad in/ead ( ! tramroad :i* _h orig9ally be5 propos$4 ,/eph5son & ,lo% 7 naturally desir\s ( enli/+ ,james's good s]vices on behalf ( _! pat5t locomotive1 = z yet x _h prov$ comp>atively unproductive4 ,!y believ$ t he might be able s to advocate x 9 influ5tial qu>t]s z to ensure its m ext5sive adoption1 & ) ?is object !y propos$ to give him an int]e/ 9 ! pat5t4 ,accord+ly !y assign$ him "o-f\r? ( any pr(its :i* might be d]iv$ f ! use ( ! pat5t locomotive on any railways con/ruct$ s\? ( a l9e drawn across ,engl& f ,liv]pool to ,hull4 ,! arrangem5t1 h[ev]1 l$ to no b5eficial results4 ,mr4 ,james endeav\r$ to introduce ! eng9e on ! ,moreton-on-,m>% ,railway2 b x 0 oppos$ by ! eng9e] ( ! l9e1 & ! attempt fail$4 ,he next urg$ t a locomotive %\ld be s5t = trial ^u ! ,m]/ham tramroad2 b1 anxi\s ?\gh ,/eph5son 0 respect+ its ext5d$ employm5t1 he 0 too cauti\s to risk an exp]im5t :i* might only br+ discr$it ^u ! eng9e2 & ! ,m]/ham road be+ only laid ) ca/-iron plates1 :i* w\ld n be> its weight1 ! invitation 0 decl9$4 ,x turn$ out t ! fir/ survey ( ! ,liv]pool & ,man*e/] l9e 0 v imp]fect1 & x 0 det]m9$ to h a second & m complete "o made 9 ! foll[+ ye>4 ,rob]t ,/eph5son 0 s5t ov] by 8 fa!r to ,liv]pool to assi/ 9 ?is survey4 ,he 0 pres5t ) ,mr4 ,james on ! occasion on :i* he tri$ to lay out ! l9e across ,*at ,moss1--a proce$+ :i* 0 n only difficult b dang]\s4 ,! ,moss 0 v wet at ! "t1 & only its edges c\ld be v5tur$ on4 ,mr4 ,james 0 a heavy1 ?ick-set man2 & "o day1 :5 endeav\r+ to obta9 a /& = 8 !odolite1 he felt himself sudd5ly s9k+4 ,he imm$iately ?rew himself d[n1 & roll$ ov] & ov] until he rea*$ firm gr\nd aga91 9 a sad mess4 ,o!r attempts :i* he subsequ5tly made to ent] ^u ! ,moss = ! same purpose1 7 ab&on$ = ! same reason--! want ( a solid /& = ! !odolite4 ,on ! #d? ,octob]1 #ahbb1 we f9d ,mr4 ,james writ+ to ,mr4 ,s&>s1 ,i came la/ night to s5d my aid1 ,rob]t ,/eph5son1 to 8 fa!r1 & to-morr[ ,i %all pay (f ,evans & ,hamilton1 two o!r assi/ants4 ,i h n[ only ,messrs4 ,padley & ,cl>ke to f9i% ! copy ( plans = ,p>liam5t1 :i* w be done 9 ab\t a week or n9e days' "t4 ,x w\ld appe> h[ev]1 t1 not)/&+ all 8 ex]tions1 ,mr4 ,james 0 unable to complete 8 plans & e/imates 9 "t = ! ensu+ ,session2 & ano!r ye> 0 ?us lo/4 ,! ,railroad ,committee became impati5t at ! delay4 ,mr4 ,james's f9ancial emb>rassm5ts rea*$ _! climax2 &1 :at ) illness & debt1 he 0 no long] 9 a position to fulfil 8 promises to ! ,committee4 ,!y 71 !re=e1 "u ! necessity ( call+ to _! aid "s o!r eng9e]4 ,mr4 ,s&>s _h by ?is "t visit$ ,george ,/eph5son at ,kill+wor?1 &1 l all :o came )9 rea* ( 8 p]sonal influ5ce1 0 *>m$ ) him at fir/ sight4 ,! en]gy :i* he _h display$ 9 c>ry+ on ! works ( ! ,/ockton & ,d>l+ton ,railway1 n[ approa*+ completion2 8 read9ess to face difficulties1 & 8 practical ability 9 ov]com+ !m2 ! en?usiasm :i* he display$ on ! subject ( railways & railway locomotion1--concurr$ 9 satisfy+ ,mr4 ,s&>s t he 01 ( all m51 ! be/ calculat$ to help =w>d ! ,liv]pool und]tak+ at ?is juncture4 ,on 8 return he /at$ ?is op9ion to ! ,committee1 :o approv$ 8 recomm5dation1 & ,george ,/eph5son 0 unanim\sly appo9t$ eng9e] ( ! project$ railway4 ,x w be obs]v$ t ,mr4 ,s&>s _h held to 8 orig9al purpose ) great det]m9ation & p]sev]ance1 & he gradually succe$$ 9 enli/+ on 8 side an increas+ numb] ( influ5tial m]*ants & manufactur]s bo? at ,liv]pool & ,man*e/]4 ,e>ly 9 #ahbd he publi%$ a pamphlet1 9 :i* he /rongly urg$ ! great losses & int]ruptions to ! trade ( ! di/rict by ! delays 9 ! =w>d+ ( m]*&ise2 & 9 ! same ye> he _h a ,public ,decl>ation drawn up1 & sign$ by upw>ds ( #aej ( ! pr9cipal m]*ants ( ,liv]pool1 sett+ =? t !y consid]$ ! pres5t e/abli%m5ts = ! transport ( goods q inadequate1 & t a new l9e ( conveyance has become absolutely necess>y to conduct ! increas+ trade ( ! c\ntry ) spe$1 c]ta9ty1 & economy4 ,a public meet+ 0 !n held to consid] ! be/ plan to be adopt$1 & resolutions 7 pass$ 9 fav\r ( a railroad4 ,a committee 0 appo9t$ to take ! necess>y measures2 b1 z if reluctant to ent] ^u _! ardu\s /ruggle ) ! ve/$ int]e/s1 !y fir/ wait$ on ,mr4 ,brad%aw1 ! ,duke ( ,bridgewat]'s canal ag5t1 9 ! hope ( p]suad+ him to increase ! means ( conveyance1 z well z to r$uce ! *>ges2 b !y 7 met by an unqualifi$ refusal4 ,!y sugge/$ ! exp$i5cy ( a railway1 & invit$ ,mr4 ,brad%aw to become a proprietor ( %>es 9 x4 ,b 8 reply 0--,all or none6 ,! canal proprietors1 confid5t 9 _! imag9$ security1 ridicul$ ! propos$ railway z a *im]a4 ,x _h be5 spok5 ab\t ye>s be=e1 & no?+ _h come ( x !n3 x w\ld be ! same n[4 ,9 ord] to =m a bett] op9ion z to ! practicability ( ! railroad1 a deputation ( g5tlem5 int]e/$ 9 ! project proce$$ to ,kill+wor?1 to inspect ! eng9es :i* _h be5 s long 9 use !re4 ,!y fir/ w5t to ,d>l+ton1 :]e !y f\nd ! works ( ! ,/ockton l9e 9 progress1 ?\gh /ill unf9i%$4 ,proce$+ next to ,kill+wor? ) ,mr4 ,/eph5son1 !y !re witness$ ! p]=mances ( 8 locomotive eng9es4 ,! result ( _! visit 01 on ! :ole1 s satisfactory1 t on _! report be+ deliv]$ to ! committee at ,liv]pool1 x 0 f9ally det]m9$ to =m a company ( proprietors = ! con/ruction ( a d\ble l9e ( railway betwe5 ,liv]pool & ,man*e/]4 ,! fir/ prospectus ( ! s*eme 0 dat$ ! #bi? ,octob]1 #ahbd1 & _h atta*$ to x ! names ( ! lead+ m]*ants ( ,liv]pool & ,man*e/]4 ,x 0 a mode/ docum5t1 v unlike ! inflat$ balloons :i* 7 s5t up by railway speculators 9 succe$+ ye>s4 ,x set =? z its ma9 object ! e/abli%m5t ( a safe & *eap mode ( transit = m]*&ise1 by :i* ! conveyance ( goods betwe5 ! two t[ns w\ld be effect$ 9 #e or #f h\rs 7in/ead ( #cf h\rs by ! canal71 :il/ ! *>ges w\ld be r$uc$ "o-?ird4 ,on look+ at ! prospectus n[1 x is curi\s to note t1 :ile ! advantages anticipat$ f ! c>riage ( m]*&ise 7 /rongly insi/$ ^u1 ! conveyance ( pass5g]s--:i* prov$ to be ! *ief s\rce ( pr(it--0 only v cauti\sly ref]r$ to4 ,z a *eap & exp$iti\s means ( conveyance = travell]s1 says ! prospectus 9 conclusion1 ! railway holds out ! fair prospect ( a public accommodation1 ! magnitude & importance ( :i* _c be imm$iately asc]ta9$4 ,! e/imat$ exp5se ( =m+ ! l9e 0 set d[n at #djj1jjj p\nds1--a sum :i* 0 ev5tually f\nd q inadequate4 ,! subscription li/ :5 op5$ 0 fill$ up )\t difficulty4 ,:ile ! project 0 /ill "u discussion1 its promot]s1 desir\s ( remov+ ! d\bts :i* exi/$ z to ! employm5t ( /eam p[] on ! propos$ railway1 s5t a second deputation to ,kill+wor? = ! purpose ( aga9 obs]v+ ! action ( ,/eph5son's eng9es4 ,! cauti\s projectors ( ! railway 7 n yet q satisfi$2 & a ?ird j\rney 0 made to ,kill+wor?1 9 ,janu>y1 #ahbe1 by sev]al g5tlem5 ( ! committee1 accompani$ by practical eng9e]s1 = ! purpose ( be+ p]sonal eye-witnesses ( :at /eam-c>riages 7 able to p]=m ^u a railway4 ,!re !y saw a tra91 consi/+ ( a locomotive & load$ waggons1 weigh+ 9 all #ed tons1 travell+ at ! av]age rate ( ab\t #g miles an h\r1 ! greate/ spe$ be+ ab\t #i4e miles an h\r4 ,b :5 ! eng9e 0 run ) only "o waggon atta*$ conta9+ tw5ty g5tlem51 five ( :om 7 eng9e]s1 ! spe$ atta9$ 0 f #aj to #ab miles an h\r4 ,9 ! mean "t ! survey 0 proce$$ )1 9 ! face ( great opposition f ! proprietors ( ! l&s ?r\gh :i* ! railway 0 int5d$ to pass4 ,! prejudices ( ! f>m+ & lab\r+ classes 7 /rongly excit$ aga9/ ! p]sons employ$ ^u ! gr\nd1 & x 0 ) ! greate/ difficulty t ! levels c\ld be tak54 ,at "o place1 ,/eph5son 0 driv5 (f ! gr\nd by ! keep]s1 & ?reat5$ to be duck$ 9 ! pond if f\nd !re aga94 ,! f>m]s also turn$ out _! m5 to wat* ! survey+ p>ty1 & prev5t !m ent]+ ^u any l&s :]e !y _h ! p[] ( driv+ !m (f4 ,"o ( ! proprietors decl>$ t he w\ld ord] 8 game-keep]s to %oot or appreh5d any p]sons attempt+ a survey ov] 8 prop]ty4 ,b "o moonlight night a survey 0 obta9$ by ! foll[+ ruse4 ,"s m51 "u ! ord]s ( ! survey+ p>ty1 7 set to fire (f guns 9 a p>ticul> qu>t]2 on :i* all ! game-keep]s on ! wat* made (f 9 t direction1 & !y 7 drawn away to su* a di/ance 9 pursuit ( ! suppos$ poa*]s1 z to enable a rapid survey to be made dur+ _! abs5ce4 ,:5 ! canal companies f\nd t ! ,liv]pool m]*ants 7 det]m9$ to proce$ ) _! s*eme--t !y _h complet$ _! survey1 & 7 ready to apply to ,p>liam5t = an ,act to enable !m to =m ! railway--!y at la/ reluctantly1 & ) a bad grace1 made ov]tures ( conciliation4 ,!y promis$ to employ /eam-vessels bo? on ! ,m]sey & on ! ,canal4 ,"o ( ! companies (f]$ to r$uce its l5g? by ?ree miles1 at a consid]able outlay4 ,at ! same "t !y made a %[ ( l[]+ _! rates4 ,b x 0 too late2 = ! project ( ! railway _h n[ gone s f> t ! promot]s 7:o might h be5 conciliat$ by su* ov]tures at an e>li] p]iod7 felt !y 7 fully committ$ to x1 & t n[ !y c\ld n well draw back4 ,besides1 ! rem$ies (f]$ by ! canal companies c\ld only h _h ! effect ( /av+ (f ! difficulty = a brief season1--! absolute necessity ( =m+ a new l9e ( communication betwe5 ,liv]pool & ,man*e/] becom+ m urg5t f ye> to ye>4 ,arrangem5ts 7 !re=e made = proce$+ ) ! bill 9 ! p>liam5t>y session ( #ahbe4 ,on ?is becom+ kn[n1 ! canal companies prep>$ to resi/ ! measure too? & nail4 ,! public 7 appeal$ to on ! subject2 pamphlets 7 writt5 & newspap]s 7 hir$ to revile ! railway4 ,x 0 decl>$ t its =mation w\ld prev5t c[s graz+ & h5s lay+4 ,! poison$ air f ! locomotives w\ld kill birds z !y flew ov] !m1 & r5d] ! pres]vation ( pheasants & foxes no long] possible4 ,h\sehold]s adjo9+ ! project$ l9e 7 told t _! h\ses w\ld be burnt up by ! fire ?r[n f ! eng9e-*imneys2 :ile ! air ar\nd w\ld be pollut$ by cl\ds ( smoke4 ,!re w\ld no long] be any use = horses2 & if railways ext5d$1 ! species w\ld become ext+ui%$1 & oats & hay be r5d]$ unsaleable commodities4 ,travell+ by rail w\ld be highly dang]\s1 & c\ntry inns w\ld be ru9$4 ,boil]s w\ld bur/ & bl[ pass5g]s to atoms4 ,b !re 0 always ?is consolation to w9d up )--t ! weight ( ! locomotive w\ld completely prev5t its mov+1 & t railways1 ev5 if made1 c\ld nev] be work$ by /eam-p[]4 ,inde$1 :5 ,mr4 ,/eph5son1 at ! int]views ) c\nsel1 held previ\s to ! ,liv]pool & ,man*e/] bill go+ into ,committee ( ! ,h\se ( ,commons1 confid5tly /at$ 8 expectation ( be+ able to impel 8 locomotive at ! rate ( #bj miles an h\r1 ,mr4 ,william ,br\gham1 :o 0 reta9$ by ! promot]s to conduct _! case1 frankly told him t if he did n mod]ate 8 views1 & br+ 8 eng9e )9 a reasonable spe$1 he w\ld inevitably damn ! :ole ?+1 & be himself reg>d$ z a maniac fit only = ,b$lam4 ,! idea ?r[n out by ,/eph5son1 ( travell+ at a rate ( spe$ d\ble t ( ! fa/e/ mail-coa*1 appe>$ at ! "t s prepo/]\s t he 0 unable to f9d any eng9e] :o w\ld risk 8 reputation 9 support+ su* absurd views4 ,speak+ ( 8 isolation at ! "t1 he subsequ5tly obs]v$1 at a public meet+ ( railway m5 9 ,man*e/]3 ,he rememb]$ ! "t :5 he _h v few support]s 9 br++ out ! railway sy/em--:5 he s\ght ,engl& ov] = an eng9e] to support him 9 8 evid5ce be=e ,p>liam5t1 & c\ld f9d only "o man1 ,james ,walk]1 b 0 afraid to call t g5tleman1 because he knew no?+ ab\t railways4 ,he _h !n no "o to tell 8 tale to b ,mr4 ,s&>s1 ( ,liv]pool1 :o did li/5 to him1 & kept 8 spirits up2 & 8 s*emes _h at l5g? be5 c>ri$ out only by d9t ( %e] p]sev]ance4 ,george ,/eph5son's idea 0 at t "t reg>d$ z b ! dream ( a *im]ical projector4 ,x /ood be=e ! public fri5dless1 /ruggl+ h>d to ga9 a foot+1 sc>cely d>+ to lift itself into notice = fe> ( ridicule4 ,! civil eng9e]s g5]ally reject$ ! notion ( a ,locomotive ,railway2 & :5 no lead+ man ( ! day c\ld be f\nd to /& =w>d 9 support ( ! ,kill+wor? me*anic1 its *ances ( success mu/ inde$ h be5 pron\nc$ b small4 ,:5 su* 0 ! ho/ility ( ! civil eng9e]s1 no wond] ! review]s 7 puzzl$4 ,! ',qu>t]ly1' 9 an able article 9 support ( ! project$ ,liv]pool & ,man*e/] ,railway1--:ile admitt+ its absolute necessity1 & insi/+ t !re 0 no *oice left b a railroad1 on :i* ! j\rney betwe5 ,liv]pool & ,man*e/]1 :e!r p]=m$ by horses or eng9es1 w\ld always be accompli%$ )9 ! day1--nev]!less sc\t$ ! idea ( travell+ at a great] spe$ ?an eight or n9e miles an h\r4 ,adv]t+ to a project = =m+ a railway to ,woolwi*1 by :i* pass5g]s 7 to be drawn by locomotive eng9es1 mov+ ) twice ! velocity ( ord9>y coa*es1 ! review] obs]v$3--,:at c be m palpably absurd & ridicul\s ?an ! prospect held out ( locomotives travell+ twice z fa/ z /agecoa*es6 ,we w\ld z soon expect ! p ( ,woolwi* to suff] !mselves to be fir$ (f ^u "o ( ,congreve's rico*et rockets1 z tru/ !mselves to ! m]cy ( su* a ma*9e go+ at su* a rate4 ,we w back old ,fa!r ,?ames aga9/ ! ,woolwi* ,railway = any sum4 ,we tru/ t ,p>liam5t w1 9 all railways x may sanction1 limit ! spe$ to eight or n9e miles an h\r1 :i* we entirely agree ) ,mr4 ,sylve/] is z great z c be v5tur$ on ) safety4 ,at l5g? ! survey 0 complet$1 ! plans 7 deposit$1 ! requisite prelim9>y arrangem5ts 7 made1 & ! promot]s ( ! s*eme appli$ to ,p>liam5t = ! necess>y p[]s to con/ruct ! railway4 ,! ,bill w5t into ,committee ( ! ,commons on ! #ba/ ( ,m>*1 #ahbe4 ,!re 0 an extraord9>y array ( legal tal5t on ! occasion1 b especially on ! side ( ! oppon5ts to ! measure2 _! c\nsel includ+ ,mr4 7aft]w>ds ,b>on7 ,ald]son1 ,mr4 7aft]w>ds ,b>on7 ,p>ke1 ,mr4 ,h>rison1 & ,mr4 ,erle4 ,! c\nsel = ! bill 7 ,mr4 ,adam1 ,mr4 ,s]jeant ,spankie1 ,mr4 ,william ,br\gham1 & ,mr4 ,joy4 ,evid5ce 0 tak5 at great l5g? z to ! difficulties & delays 9 =w>d+ raw mat]ial ( all k9ds f ,liv]pool to ,man*e/]1 z also 9 ! conveyance ( manufactur$ goods f ,man*e/] to ,liv]pool4 ,! evid5ce adduc$ 9 support ( ! bill on ^! gr\nds 0 ov]:elm+4 ,! utt] inadequacy ( ! exi/+ modes ( conveyance to c>ry on satisfactorily ! l>ge & rapidly-gr[+ trade betwe5 ! two t[ns 0 fully prov$4 ,b !n came ! gi/ ( ! promot]'s case--! evid5ce to prove ! practicability ( a railroad to be work$ by locomotive p[]4 ,mr4 ,adam1 9 8 op5+ spee*1 ref]r$ to ! cases ( ! ,hetton & ! ,kill+wor? railroads1 :]e heavy goods 7 safely & economically transport$ by means ( locomotive eng9es4 ,none ( ! trem5d\s consequ5ces1 he obs]v$1 h ensu$ f ! use ( /eam 9 l& c>riage t h be5 /at$4 ,! horses h n />t$1 nor ! c[s ceas$ to give _! milk1 nor h ladies misc>ri$ at ! sight ( ^! ?+s go+ =w>d at ! rate ( f\r miles & a half an h\r4 ,not)/&+ ! petition ( two ladies alleg+ ! great dang] to be appreh5d$ f ! bur/+ ( ! locomotive boil]s1 he urg$ ! safety ( ! high-pressure eng9e :5 ! boil]s 7 con/ruct$ ( wr\ght-iron2 & z to ! rate at :i* !y c\ld travel1 he express$ 8 full conviction t su* eng9es c\ld supply =ce to drive a c>riage at ! rate ( five or six miles an h\r4 ,! tak+ ( ! evid5ce z to ! imp$im5ts ?r[n 9 ! way ( trade & comm]ce by ! exi/+ sy/em ext5d$ ov] a mon?1 & x 0 ! #ba/ ( ,april be=e ! ,committee w5t into ! eng9e]+ evid5ce1 :i* 0 ! vital "p ( ! "q4 ,on ! #be? ,george ,/eph5son 0 call$ into ! witness-box4 ,x 0 8 fir/ appe>ance be=e a ,committee ( ! ,h\se ( ,commons1 & he well knew :at he _h to expect4 ,he 0 aw>e t ! :ole =ce ( ! opposition 0 to be direct$ aga9/ him2 & if !y c\ld break d[n 8 evid5ce1 ! canal monopoly might yet be upheld = a "t4 ,_m ye>s aft]w>ds1 :5 look+ back at 8 position on ?is try+ occasion1 he said3--,:5 ,i w5t to ,liv]pool to plan a l9e f !nce to ,man*e/]1 ,i pl$g$ myself to ! directors to atta9 a spe$ ( #aj miles an h\r4 ,i said ,i _h no d\bt ! locomotive might be made to g mu* fa/]1 b t we _h bett] be mod]ate at ! beg9n+4 ,! directors said ,i 0 q "r2 = t if1 :5 !y w5t to ,p>liam5t1 ,i talk$ ( go+ at a great] rate ?an #aj miles an h\r1 ,i %\ld put a cross ^u ! conc]n4 ,x 0 n an easy task = me to keep ! eng9e d[n to #aj miles an h\r1 b x mu/ be done1 & ,i did my be/4 ,i _h to place myself 9 t mo/ unpleasant ( all positions--! witness-box ( a ,p>liam5t>y ,committee4 ,i 0 n long 9 x1 be=e ,i began to wi% = a hole to creep out at6 ,i c\ld n f9d words to satisfy ei!r ! ,committee or myself4 ,i 0 subject$ to ! cross-exam9ation ( eight or t5 b>ri/]s1 purposely1 z f> z possible1 to bewild] me4 ,"s memb] ( ! ,committee ask$ if ,i 0 a =eign]1 & ano!r h9t$ t ,i 0 mad4 ,b ,i put up ) e rebuff1 & w5t on ) my plans1 det]m9$ n to be put d[n4 ,mr4 ,/eph5son /ood be=e ! ,committee to prove :at ! public op9ion ( t day held to be impossible4 ,! self-taught me*anic _h to demon/rate ! practicability ( accompli%+ t :i* ! mo/ di/+ui%$ eng9e]s ( ! "t reg>d$ z impracticable4 ,cle> ?\gh ! subject 0 to himself1 & famili> z he 0 ) ! p[]s ( ! locomotive1 x 0 no easy task = him to br+ home 8 convictions1 or ev5 to convey 8 mean+1 to ! less in=m$ m9ds ( 8 he>]s4 ,9 8 /rong ,nor?umbrian dialect1 he /ruggl$ = utt]ance1 9 ! face ( ! sne]s1 int]ruptions1 & ridicule ( ! oppon5ts ( ! measure1 & ev5 ( ! ,committee1 "s ( :om %ook _! heads & :isp]$ d\bts z to 8 sanity1 :5 he en]getically av[$ t he c\ld make ! locomotive g at ! rate ( #ab miles an h\r6 ,x 0 s grossly 9 ! tee? ( all ! exp]i5ce ( hon\rable memb]s1 t ! man mu/ c]ta9ly be lab\r+ "u a delusion6 ,& yet 8 l>ge exp]i5ce ( railways & locomotives1 z describ$ by himself to ! ,committee1 entitl$ ?is untaught1 in>ticulate g5ius1 z he has s well be5 /yl$1 to speak ) confid5ce on su* a subject4 ,beg9n+ ) 8 exp]i5ce z a brakesman at ,kill+wor? 9 #ahjc1 he w5t on to /ate t he 0 appo9t$ to take ! entire *>ge ( ! /eam-eng9es 9 #ahac1 & _h sup]9t5d$ ! railroads connect$ ) ! num]\s colli]ies ( ! ,gr& ,allies f t "t d[nw>ds4 ,he _h laid d[n or sup]9t5d$ ! railways at ,burradon1 ,m\nt ,moor1 ,spr+well1 ,b$l+ton1 ,hetton1 & ,d>l+ton1 besides improv+ ^? at ,kill+wor?1 ,s\? ,moor1 & ,d]w5t ,crook4 ,he _h con/ruct$ fifty-five /eam-eng9es1 ( :i* sixte5 7 locomotives4 ,"s ( ^! _h be5 s5t to ,france4 ,! eng9es con/ruct$ by him = ! work+ ( ! ,kill+wor? ,railroad1 elev5 ye>s be=e1 _h cont9u$ /eadily at "w ev] s9ce1 & fulfill$ 8 mo/ sangu9e expectations4 ,he 0 prep>$ to prove ! safety ( work+ high-pressure locomotives on a railroad1 & ! sup]iority ( ?is mode ( transport+ goods ov] all o!rs4 ,z to spe$1 he said he _h recomm5d$ #h miles an h\r ) #bj tons1 & #d miles an h\r ) #dj tons2 b he 0 q confid5t t mu* m might be done4 ,inde$1 he _h no d\bt !y might g at ! rate ( #ab miles4 ,z to ! *>ge t locomotives on a railroad w\ld s t]rify ! horses 9 ! neighb\rhood1 t to travel on horseback or to pl\gh ! adjo9+ fields w\ld be r5d]$ highly dang]\s1 ! witness said t horses le>nt to take no notice ( !m1 ?\gh !re 7 horses t w\ld %y at a :eelb>r[4 ,a mail-coa* 0 likely to be m %i$ at by horses ?an a locomotive4 ,9 ! neighb\rhood ( ,kill+wor?1 ! cattle 9 ! fields w5t on graz+ :ile ! eng9es pass$ !m1 & ! f>m]s made no compla9ts4 ,mr4 ,ald]son1 :o _h c>efully /udi$ ! subject1 & 0 well skill$ 9 practical sci5ce1 subject$ ! witness to a protract$ & sev]e cross-exam9ation z to ! spe$ & p[] ( ! locomotive1 ! /roke ( ! pi/on1 ! slipp+ ( ! :eels ^u ! rails1 & v>i\s o!r po9ts ( detail4 ,mr4 ,/eph5son insi/$ t no slipp+ took place1 z attempt$ to be extort$ f him by ! c\nsel4 ,he said1 ,x is impossible = slipp+ to take place s long z ! adhesive weight ( ! :eel ^u ! rail is great] ?an ! weight to be dragg$ aft] x4 ,z to accid5ts1 ,/eph5son said he knew ( none t _h occurr$ ) 8 eng9es4 ,!re _h be5 "o1 he 0 told1 at ! ,middleton ,colli]y1 ne> ,le$s1 ) a ,bl5k9sop eng9e4 ,! driv] _h be5 9 liquor1 & put a consid]able load on ! safety-valve1 s t ^u go+ =w>d ! eng9e blew up & ! man 0 kill$4 ,b he add$1 if prop] precautions _h be5 us$ ) t boil]1 ! accid5t c\ld n h happ5$4 ,! foll[+ cross-exam9ation occurr$ 9 ref]5ce to ! "q ( spe$3-- ,( c\rse1 he 0 ask$1 :5 a body is mov+ ^u a road1 ! great] ! velocity ! great] ! mom5tum t is g5]at$8 ,c]ta9ly4--,:at w\ld be ! mom5tum ( #dj tons mov+ at ! rate ( #ab miles an h\r8 ,x w\ld be v great4--,h y se5 a railroad t w\ld /& t8 ,yes4--,:]e8 ,any railroad t w\ld be> go+ #d miles an h\r3 ,i mean to say1 t if x w\ld be> ! weight at #d miles an h\r1 x w\ld be> x at #ab4--,tak+ x at #d miles an h\r1 d y mean to say t x w\ld n require a /rong] railway to c>ry ! same weight #ab miles an h\r8 ,i w give an answ] to t4 ,i d>e say e p]son has be5 ov] ice :5 skat+1 or se5 p]sons g ov]1 & !y "k t x w\ld be> !m bett] at a great] velocity ?an x w\ld if !y w5t sl[]2 :5 !y g quick1 ! weight 9 a measure ceases4--,is n t ^u ! hypo!sis t ! railroad is p]fect8 ,x is2 & ,i mean to make x p]fect4 ,x is n necess>y to /ate t to h pass$ ! ordeal ( s sev]e a cross-exam9ation sca!less1 ne$$ no small am\nt ( c\rage1 intellig5ce1 & ready %rewdness on ! "p ( ! witness4 ,ni*olas ,wood1 :o 0 pres5t on ! occasion1 has s9ce /at$ t ! po9t on :i* ,/eph5son 0 h>de/ press$ 0 t ( spe$4 ,i believe1 he says1 t x w\ld h lo/ ! ,company _! bill if he _h gone beyond #h or #i miles an h\r4 ,if he _h /at$ 8 int5tion ( go+ #ab or #ae miles an h\r1 n a s+le p]son w\ld h believ$ x to be practicable4 ,! ,committee also seem to h ent]ta9$ consid]able al>m z to ! high rate ( spe$ :i* _h be5 spok5 (1 & proce$$ to exam9e ! witness fur!r on ! subject4 ,!y suppos$ ! case ( ! eng9e be+ upset :5 go+ at #i miles an h\r1 & ask$ :at1 9 su* a case1 w\ld become ( ! c>go a/]n4 ,to :i* ! witness repli$ t x w\ld n be upset4 ,"o ( ! memb]s ( ! ,committee press$ ! witness a little fur!r4 ,he put ! foll[+ case3--,suppose1 n[1 "o ( ^! eng9es to be go+ along a railroad at ! rate ( #i or #aj miles an h\r1 & t a c[ 7 to /ray ^u ! l9e & get 9 ! way ( ! eng9e2 w\ld n t1 ?9k y1 be a v awkw>d circum/ance8 ,yes1 repli$ ! witness1 ) a tw9kle 9 8 eye1 v awkw>d--= ! coo6 ,! hon\rable memb] did n proce$ fur!r ) 8 cross-exam9ation2 to use a railway phrase1 he 0 %unt$4 ,ano!r ask$ if animals w\ld n be v mu* fright5$ by ! eng9e pass+ !m1 especially by ! gl>e ( ! r$-hot *imney8 ,b h[ w\ld !y "k t x wasn't pa9t$8 said ! witness4 ,on ! foll[+ day1 ! eng9e] 0 subject$ to a v sev]e exam9ation4 ,on t "p ( ! s*eme ) :i* he 0 mo/ practically conv]sant1 8 evid5ce 0 cle> & conclusive4 ,n[1 he _h to give evid5ce on ! plans made by 8 surveyors1 & ! e/imates :i* _h be5 f\nd$ on su* plans4 ,s long z he 0 conf9$ to locomotive eng9es & iron railroads1 ) ! m9ute/ details ( :i* he 0 m famili> ?an any man liv+1 he felt at home1 & 9 8 elem5t4 ,b :5 ! designs ( bridges & ! co/ ( con/ruct+ !m _h to be gone into1 ! subject be+ 9 a great measure new to him1 8 evid5ce 0 mu* less satisfactory4 ,mr4 ,ald]son cross-exam9$ him at great l5g? on ! plans ( ! bridges1 ! tunnels1 ! cross+s ( ! roads & /reets1 & ! details ( ! survey1 :i*1 x soon cle>ly appe>$1 7 9 "s respects s]i\sly at fault4 ,x seems t1 aft] ! plans _h be5 deposit$1 ,/eph5son f\nd t a mu* m fav\rable l9e might be made2 & he made 8 e/imates accord+ly1 suppos+ t ,p>liam5t w\ld n conf9e ! ,company to ! precise plan :i* _h be5 deposit$4 ,?is 0 felt to be a s]i\s blot 9 ! p>liam5t>y case1 & "o v difficult to be got ov]4 ,= ?ree entire days 0 our eng9e] subject$ to ?is cross-exam9ation4 ,he held 8 gr\nd bravely1 & def5d$ ! plans & e/imates ) rem>kable ability & skill2 b x 0 cle> !y 7 imp]fect1 & ! result 0 on ! :ole damag+ to ! measure4 ,! case ( ! oppon5ts 0 next gone into1 9 ! c\rse ( :i* ! c\nsel indulg$ 9 /rong vitup]ation aga9/ ! witnesses = ! bill4 ,"o ( !m spoke ( ! utt] impossiblity ( mak+ a railway ^u s trea*]\s a mat]ial z ,*at ,moss1 :i* 0 decl>$ to be an imm5se mass ( pulp1 & no?+ else4 ,x actually1 said ,mr4 ,h>rison1 rises 9 height1 f ! ra9 swell+ x l a sponge1 & s9ks aga9 9 dry wea!r2 & if a bor+ in/rum5t is put into x1 x s9ks imm$iately by its own weight4 ,! mak+ ( an embankm5t out ( ?is pulpy1 wet moss1 is no v easy task4 ,:o b ,mr4 ,/eph5son w\ld h ?\ght ( ent]+ into ,*at ,moss1 c>ry+ x out almo/ l wet dung8 ,x is ignorance almo/ inconceivable4 ,x is p]fect madness1 9 a p]son call$ ^u to speak on a sci5tific subject1 to propose su* a plan4 ,e "p ( ?is s*eme %[s t ?is man has appli$ himself to a subject ( :i* he has no k1 & to :i* he has no sci5ce to apply4 ,!n adv]t+ to ! proposal to "w ! int5d$ l9e by means ( locomotives1 ! le>n$ g5tleman proce$$3 ,:5 we set out ) ! orig9al prospectus1 we 7 to gallop1 ,i "k n at :at rate2 ,i believe x 0 at ! rate ( #ab miles an h\r4 ,my le>n$ fri5d1 ,mr4 ,adam1 contemplat$--possibly allud+ to ,irel&--t "s ( ! ,iri% memb]s w\ld arrive 9 ! waggons to a division4 ,my le>n$ fri5d says t !y w\ld g at ! rate ( #ab miles an h\r ) ! aid ( ! devil 9 ! =m ( a locomotive1 sitt+ z po/ilion on ! =e horse1 & an hon\rable memb] sitt+ beh9d him to /ir up ! fire1 & keep x at full spe$4 ,b ! spe$ at :i* ^! locomotive eng9es are to g has slack5$3 ,mr4 ,adam does n g fa/] n[ ?an #e miles an h\r4 ,! le>n$ s]jeant 7,spankie7 says he %\ld l to h #g1 b he w\ld be cont5t to g #f4 ,i w %[ he _c g #f2 & probably1 = any practical purposes1 ,i may be able to %[ t ,i c keep up ) him by ! canal4 4 4 4 ,locomotive eng9es are liable to be op]at$ ^u by ! wea!r4 ,y are told !y are affect$ by ra91 & an attempt has be5 made to cov] !m2 b ! w9d w affect !m2 & any gale ( w9d :i* w\ld affect ! traffic on ! ,m]sey w\ld r5d] x impossible to set (f a locomotive eng9e1 ei!r by pok+ ( ! fire1 or keep+ up ! pressure ( ! /eam till ! boil] 0 ready to bur/4 ,h[ amus+ x n[ is to read ^! extraord9>y views z to ! =mation ( a railway ov] ,*at ,moss1 & ! impossibility ( />t+ a locomotive eng9e 9 ! face ( a gale ( w9d6 ,evid5ce 0 call$ to %[ t ! h\se prop]ty pass$ by ! propos$ railway w\ld be greatly det]iorat$--9 "s places almo/ de/roy$2 t ! locomotive eng9es w\ld be t]rible nuisances1 9 consequ5ce ( ! fire & smoke vomit$ =? by !m2 & t ! value ( l& 9 ! neighb\rhood ( ,man*e/] alone w\ld be det]iorat$ by no less ?an #bj1jjj p\nds6 ,evid5ce 0 also giv5 at great l5g? %[+ ! utt] impossibility ( =m+ a road ( any k9d ^u ,*at ,moss4 ,a ,man*e/] build]1 :o 0 exam9$1 c\ld n imag9e ! feat possible1 unless by ar*+ x across 9 ! mann] ( a viaduct f "o side to ! o!r4 ,x 0 ! old /ory ( no?+ l lea!r4 ,b ! opposition ma9ly reli$ ^u ! evid5ce ( ! lead+ eng9e]s--n l ,/eph5son1 self-taught m51 b regul> pr(essionals4 ,"o ( ^!1 ,mr4 ,francis ,giles1 ,c4,e41 _h be5 tw5ty-two ye>s an eng9e]1 & c\ld speak ) "s au?ority4 ,8 te/imony 0 ma9ly direct$ to ! utt] impossibility ( =m+ a railway ov] ,*at ,moss4 ,no eng9e] 9 8 s5ses1 said he1 w\ld g ?r\gh ,*at ,moss if he want$ to make a railroad f ,liv]pool to ,man*e/]4 4 4 4 ,9 my judgm5t a railroad c]ta9ly _c be safely made ov] ,*at ,moss )\t go+ to ! bottom ( ! ,moss4 ,! soil ought all to be tak5 out1 und\bt$ly2 9 do+ :i*1 x w n be practicable to approa* ea* end ( ! cutt+1 z y make x1 ) ! c>riages4 ,no c>riages w\ld /& ^u ! ,moss %ort ( ! bottom4 ,my e/imate = ! :ole cutt+ & embankm5t ov] ,*at ,moss is #bgj1jjj p\nds ne>ly1 at ^? quantities & ^? prices :i* are decid$ly correct 4 4 4 ,x w be necess>y to take ?is ,moss completely out at ! bottom1 9 ord] to make a solid road4 ,:5 ! eng9e]s _h giv5 _! evid5ce1 ,mr4 ,ald]son summ$ up 9 a spee* :i* ext5d$ ov] two days4 ,he decl>$ ,mr4 ,/eph5son's plan to be ! mo/ absurd s*eme t ev] ent]$ into ! head ( man to conceive4 ,my le>n$ fri5ds1 said he1 almo/ endeav\r$ to /op my exam9ation2 !y wi%$ me to put 9 ! plan1 b ,i _h r h ! exhibition ( ,mr4 ,/eph5son 9 t box4 ,i say he nev] _h a plan--,i believe he nev] _h "o--,i d n believe he is capable ( mak+ "o4 ,8 is a m9d p]petually fluctuat+ betwe5 opposite difficulties3 he nei!r kn[s :e!r he is to make bridges ov] roads or riv]s1 ( "o size or ( ano!r2 or to make embankm5ts1 or cutt+s1 or incl9$ planes1 or 9 :at way ! ?+ is to be c>ri$ into effect4 ,:5ev] a difficulty is press$1 z 9 ! case ( a tunnel1 he gets out ( x at "o end1 & :5 y try to cat* him at t1 he gets out at ! o!r4 ,mr4 ,ald]son proce$$ to declaim aga9/ ! gross ignorance ( ?is s-call$ eng9e]1 :o propos$ to make impossible dit*es by ! side ( an impossible railway ^u ,*at ,moss2 ,i c>e n1 he said1 :e!r ,mr4 ,giles is "r or wrong 9 8 e/imate1 = :e!r x be effect$ by means ( pi]s rais$ up all ! way = f\r miles ?r\gh ,*at ,moss1 :e!r !y are to support x on beams ( wood or by erect+ masonry1 or :e!r ,mr4 ,giles %all put a solid bank ( e>? ?r\gh x1--9 all ^! s*emes !re is n "o f\nd l t ( ,mr4 ,/eph5son's1 namely1 to cut impossible dra9s on ! side ( ?is road2 & x is suffici5t = me to sugge/ & to %[1 t ?is s*eme ( ,mr4 ,/eph5son's is impossible or impracticable1 & t no o!r s*eme1 if !y proce$ ^u ?is l9e1 c be sugge/$ :i* w n produce enorm\s exp5se4 ,i ?9k t has be5 irrefragably made out4 ,e "o kn[s ,*at ,moss--e "o kn[s t ! iron s9ks imm$iately on its be+ put ^u ! surface4 ,i h he>d ( culv]ts1 :i* h be5 put ^u ! ,moss1 :i*1 aft] hav+ be5 survey$ ! day be=e1 h ! next morn+ disappe>$2 & t a h\se 7a poet's h\se1 :o may be suppos$ 9 ! habit ( build+ ca/les ev5 9 ! air71 /ory aft] /ory1 z fa/ z "o is add$1 ! l[] "o s9ks6 ,!re is no?+1 x appe>s1 except long s$gy grass1 & a little soil to prev5t its s9k+ into ! %ades ( et]nal night4 ,i h n[ done1 sir1 ) ,*at ,moss1 & !re ,i leave ?is railroad4 ,! case ( ! pr9cipal petition]s aga9/ ! bill occupi$ _m m days1 & on its conclusion ! committee proce$$ to divide on ! preamble1 :i* 0 c>ri$ by a majority ( only "o--#cg vot+ = x1 & #cf aga9/ x4 ,! clauses 7 next consid]$1 & on a division ! fir/ clause1 emp[]+ ! ,company to make ! railway1 0 lo/ by a majority ( #ai to #ac4 ,9 l mann]1 ! next clause1 emp[]+ ! ,company to take l&1 0 lo/2 on :i* ! bill 0 )drawn4 ,?us end$ ?is memorable conte/1 :i* _h ext5d$ ov] two mon?s--c>ri$ on ?r\gh\t ) great p]t9acity & skill1 especially on ! "p ( ! opposition1 :o left no /one unturn$ to defeat ! measure4 ,! want ( a ?ird l9e ( communication betwe5 ,liv]pool & ,man*e/] _h be5 cle>ly prov$2 b ! eng9e]+ evid5ce 9 support ( ! propos$ railway hav+ be5 ?r[n almo/ entirely ^u ,/eph5son1 :o f\ght ?is1 ! mo/ important "p ( ! battle1 s+le-h&$1 0 n br\ght out s cle>ly z x w\ld h be51 _h he secur$ m effici5t eng9e]+ assi/ance--:i* he 0 n able to d1 z ! pr9cipal eng9e]s ( t day 7 aga9/ ! locomotive railway4 ,! ob/acles ?r[n 9 ! way ( ! survey by ! l&[n]s & canal companies1 by :i* ! plans 7 r5d]$ exce$+ly imp]fect1 also t5d$ 9 a great measure to defeat ! bill4 ,! rejection ( ! bill 0 probably ! mo/ sev]e trial ,george ,/eph5son und]w5t 9 ! :ole c\rse ( 8 life4 ,! circum/ances connect$ ) ! defeat ( ! measure1 ! errors 9 ! levels1 8 rigid cross-exam9ation1 foll[$ by ! fact ( 8 be+ sup]s$$ by ano!r eng9e]1 all told fe>fully ^u him1 & = "s "t he 0 z mu* weigh$ d[n z if a p]sonal calamity ( ! mo/ s]i\s k9d _h befall5 him4 ,/eph5son _h be5 s t]ribly abus$ by ! lead+ c\nsel = ! opposition 9 ! c\rse ( ! proce$+s be=e ! ,committee--/igmatis$ by !m z an ignoramus1 a fool1 & a maniac--t ev5 8 fri5ds seem = a "t to h lo/ fai? 9 him & 9 ! locomotive sy/em1 ^: effici5cy he nev]!less cont9u$ to uphold4 ,?+s nev] look$ black] = ! success ( ! railway sy/em ?an at ! close ( ?is great p>liam5t>y /ruggle4 ,& yet x 0 on ! v eve ( its triumph4 ,! ,committee ( ,directors appo9t$ to wat* ! measure 9 ,p>liam5t 7 s det]m9$ to press on ! project ( a railway1 ev5 ?\gh x %\ld h to be work$ m]ely by horse-p[]1 t ! bill _h sc>cely be5 ?r[n out ere !y met 9 ,london to consid] _! next /ep4 ,!y call$ _! p>liam5t>y fri5ds toge!r to consult z to future proce$+s2 & ! result 0 t !y w5t back to ,liv]pool det]m9$ to r5ew _! application to ,p>liam5t 9 ! ensu+ session4 ,x 0 n consid]$ desirable to employ ,mr4 ,/eph5son 9 mak+ ! new survey4 ,he _h n z yet e/abli%$ 8 reputation z an eng9e] beyond ! b\nd>ies ( 8 own di/rict2 & ! promot]s ( ! bill _h d\btless felt ! disadvantages ( ?is 9 ! c\rse ( _! p>liam5t>y /ruggle4 ,!y !re=e resolv$ n[ to employ eng9e]s ( ! highe/ e/abli%$ reputation1 z well z ! be/ surveyors t c\ld be obta9$4 ,9 accordance ) ^! views !y engag$ ,messrs4 ,george & ,john ,r5nie to be ! eng9e]s ( ! railway2 & ,mr4 ,*>les ,vignolles 0 appo9t$ to prep>e ! plans & sections4 ,! l9e :i* 0 ev5tually adopt$ diff]$ some:at f t survey$ by ,mr4 ,/eph5son4 ,! pr9cipal p>ks & game-pres]ves ( ! di/rict 7 c>efully avoid$4 ,! promot]s ?us hop$ to get rid ( ! opposition ( ! mo/ influ5tial ( ! resid5t l&[n]s4 ,! cross+ ( c]ta9 ( ! /reets ( ,liv]pool 0 also avoid$1 & ! entrance contriv$ by means ( a tunnel & an incl9$ plane4 ,! new l9e /opp$ %ort ( ! riv] ,irwell at ! ,man*e/] end1 by :i* ! objections gr\nd$ on an illegal int]ruption to ! canal or riv] traffic 7 9 "s measure remov$4 ,! opposition ( ! ,duke ( ,bridgewat]'s tru/ees 0 also got rid (1 & ! ,m>quis ( ,/af=d became a subscrib] = a ?\s& %>es4 ,) ref]5ce to ! use ( ! locomotive eng9e1 ! promot]s1 rememb]+ ) :at effect ! objections to x _h be5 urg$ by ! oppon5ts ( ! bill1 intimat$1 9 _! second prospectus1 t z a gu>antee ( _! good fai? t[>ds ! public !y w n require any clause emp[]+ !m to use x2 or !y w submit to su* re/rictions 9 ! employm5t ( x z ,p>liam5t may impose4 ,! survey ( ! new l9e hav+ be5 complet$1 ! plans 7 deposit$1 ! /&+ ord]s duly compli$ )1 & ! bill w5t be=e ,p>liam5t4 ,! same c\nsel appe>$ = ! promot]s1 b ! exam9ation ( witnesses 0 n ne>ly s protract$ z on ! previ\s occasion4 ,! preamble 0 decl>$ prov$ by a majority ( #dc to #ah4 ,on ! ?ird read+ 9 ! ,h\se ( ,commons1 an animat$1 & :at n[ appe>s a v amus+ discussion took place4 ,! ,hon4 ,edw>d ,/anley mov$ t ! bill be read t day six mon?s2 & 9 8 spee* he und]took to prove t ! railway tra9s w\ld take t5 h\rs on ! j\rney1 & t !y c\ld only be work$ by horses4 ,sir ,isaac ,c(f9 second$ ! motion1 & 9 do+ s d5\nc$ ! project z a mo/ flagrant imposition4 ,he w\ld n cons5t to see wid[s' premises invad$2 & ,:at1 he w\ld l to "k1 0 to be done ) all ^? :o _h advanc$ money 9 mak+ & repair+ turnpike-roads8 ,:at 0 to become ( coa*-mak]s & h>ness-mak]s1 coa*-ma/]s & coa*m51 inn-keep]s1 horse-bre$]s1 & horse-deal]s8 ,0 ! h\se aw>e ( ! smoke & ! noise1 ! hiss & ! :irl1 :i* locomotive eng9es1 pass+ at ! rate ( #aj or #ab miles an h\r1 w\ld occasion8 ,nei!r ! cattle pl\gh+ 9 ! fields or graz+ 9 ! mead[s c\ld behold !m )\t dismay4 ,iron w\ld be rais$ 9 price #ajj p] c5t41 or m probably exhau/$ altoge!r6 ,x w\ld be ! greate/ nuisance1 ! mo/ complete di/urbance ( quiet & com=t 9 all p>ts ( ! k+dom1 t ! +5uity ( man c\ld inv5t6 ,mr4 ,huskisson & o!r speak]s1 ?\gh unable to reply to su* argum5ts z ^!1 /rongly support$ ! bill2 & x 0 c>ri$ on ! ?ird read+ by a majority ( #hh to #da4 ,! bill pass$ ! ,h\se ( ,lords almo/ unanim\sly1 its only oppon5ts be+ ! ,e>l ( ,d]by & 8 relative ! ,e>l ( ,wilton4 ,picture3 ,survey+ on ,*at ,moss ,,*apt] ,x4 ,,*at ,,moss--,,con/ruction ,,( ,,! ,,railway4 ,! appo9tm5t ( pr9cipal eng9e] to ! railway 0 tak5 into consid]ation at ! fir/ meet+ ( ! directors held at ,liv]pool subsequ5t to ! pass+ ( ! ,act4 ,! magnitude ( ! propos$ works1 & ! va/ consequ5ces involv$ 9 _! exp]im5t1 7 deeply impress$ ^u _! m9ds2 & !y resolv$ to secure ! s]vices ( a resid5t eng9e] ( prov$ exp]i5ce & ability4 ,_! att5tion 0 naturally direct$ to ,mr4 ,/eph5son2 at ! same "t !y desir$ to h ! b5efit ( ! ,messrs4 ,r5nie's pr(essional assi/ance 9 sup]9t5d+ ! works4 ,mr4 ,george ,r5nie _h an int]view ) ! ,bo>d on ! subject1 at :i* he propos$ to und]take ! *ief sup]9t5d5ce1 mak+ six visits 9 ea* ye>1 & /ipulat+ t he %\ld h ! appo9tm5t ( ! resid5t eng9e]4 ,b ! responsibility atta*+ to ! direction 9 ! matt] ( ! effici5t c>ry+ on ( ! works1 w\ld n admit ( _! be+ influ5c$ by ord9>y punctilios on ! occasion2 & !y accord+ly decl9$ ?is proposal1 & proce$$ to appo9t ,mr4 ,/eph5son _! pr9cipal eng9e] at a sal>y ( #ajjj p\nds p] annum4 ,he at once remov$ 8 resid5ce to ,liv]pool1 & made arrangem5ts to comm5ce ! works4 ,he began ) ! impossible ?+--to d t :i* ! mo/ di/+ui%$ eng9e]s ( ! day _h decl>$ t no man 9 8 s5ses w\ld und]take to d--namely1 to make ! road ov] ,*at ,moss6 ,x 0 inde$ a mo/ =midable und]tak+2 & ! project ( c>ry+ a railway along1 "u1 or ov] su* a mat]ial z t ( :i* x consi/$1 w\ld c]ta9ly nev] h occurr$ to an ord9>y m9d4 ,mi*ael ,drayton suppos$ ! ,moss to h _h its orig9 at ! ,deluge4 ,no?+ m impassable c\ld h be5 imag9$ ?an t dre>y wa/e2 & ,mr4 ,giles only spoke ! popul> feel+ ( ! day :5 he decl>$ t no c>riage c\ld /& on x %ort ( ! bottom4 ,9 ?is bog1 s+ul> to say1 ,mr4 ,roscoe1 ! accompli%$ hi/orian ( ! ,m$icis1 buri$ 8 =tune 9 ! hopeless attempt to cultivate a portion ( x :i* he _h b\ght4 ,*at ,moss is an imm5se peat bog ( ab\t twelve squ>e miles 9 ext5t4 ,unlike ! bogs or swamps ( ,cambridge & ,l9coln%ire1 :i* consi/ pr9cipally ( s(t mud or silt1 ?is bog is a va/ mass ( spongy vegetable pulp1 ! result ( ! gr[? & decay ( ages4 ,! spagni1 or bog-mosses1 cov] ! entire area2 "o ye>'s gr[? ris+ ov] ano!r1--! old] gr[?s n entirely decay+1 b rema9+ p>tially pres]v$ by ! antiseptic prop]ties peculi> to peat4 ,h5ce ! rem>kable fact t1 al?\gh a semifluid mass1 ! surface ( ,*at ,moss rises above ! level ( ! surr\nd+ c\ntry4 ,l a turtle's back1 x decl9es f ! summit 9 e direction1 hav+ f ?irty to =ty feet gradual slope to ! solid l& on all sides4 ,f ! rema9s ( trees1 *iefly ald] & bir*1 :i* h be5 dug out ( x1 & :i* mu/ h previ\sly fl\ri%$ ^u ! surface ( soil n[ deeply subm]g$1 x is probable t ! s& & clay base on :i* ! bog re/s is sauc]-%ap$1 & s reta9s ! entire mass 9 position4 ,9 ra9y wea!r1 su* is its capacity = wat] t x s5sibly swells1 & rises 9 ^? p>ts :]e ! moss is ! deepe/4 ,?is occurs ?r\gh ! capill>y attraction ( ! fibres ( ! subm]g$ moss1 :i* is f #bj to #cj feet 9 dep?1 :il/ ! gr[+ plants effectually *eck evaporation f ! surface4 ,?is peculi> "* ( ! ,moss has pres5t$ an insup]able difficulty 9 ! way ( reclaim+ x by any sy/em ( ext5sive dra9age--su* z by s9k+ %afts1 & pump+ up ! wat] by /eam p[]1 z has be5 propos$4 ,suppos+ a %aft ( #cj feet deep to be sunk1 x has be5 calculat$ t ?is w\ld only be effectual = dra9+ a circle ( ab\t #ajj y>ds1 ! wat] runn+ d[n an incl9e ( ab\t #e to #a2 = x 0 f\nd 9 ! c\rse ( dra9+ ! bog1 t a dit* #c feet deep only s]v$ to dra9 a space ( less ?an #e y>ds on ea* side1 & two dit*es ( ?is dep?1 #aj y>ds ap>t1 left a portion ( ! ,moss betwe5 !m sc>cely affect$ by ! dra9s4 ,! ?ree resid5t eng9e]s select$ by ,mr4 ,/eph5son to sup]9t5d ! con/ruction ( ! l9e1 7 ,joseph ,locke1 ,william ,allc>d1 & ,john ,dixon4 ,! la/ 0 appo9t$ to t portion :i* lay across ! ,moss1 nei!r ( ! o!r two envy+ 8 lot4 ,on ,mr4 ,dixon's arrival1 ab\t ,july1 #ahbf1 ,mr4 ,locke proce$$ to %[ him ov] ! l5g? he 0 to take *>ge (1 & to in/al him 9 (fice4 ,:5 !y rea*$ ,*at ,moss1 ,mr4 ,dixon f\nd t ! l9e _h already be5 /ak$ out & ! levels tak5 9 detail by ! aid ( planks laid ^u ! bog4 ,! cutt+ ( ! dra9s along ea* side ( ! propos$ road _h also be5 comm5c$2 b ! s(t pulpy /uff _h up to ?is "t fl[$ into ! dra9s & fill$ !m up z fa/ z !y 7 cut4 ,proce$+ across ! ,moss1 on ! fir/ day's inspection1 ! new resid5t1 :5 ab\t halfway ov]1 slipp$ (f ! plank on :i* he walk$1 & sank to 8 knees 9 ! bog4 ,/ruggl+ only s5t him ! deep]1 & he might h disappe>$ altoge!r1 b = ! workm51 :o ha/5$ to 8 assi/ance ^u planks1 & rescu$ him f 8 p]il\s position4 ,mu* di%e>t5$1 he desir$ to return1 & ev5 ?\ght ( giv+ up ! job2 b ,mr4 ,locke assur$ him t ! wor/ "p 0 n[ pa/2 s ! new resid5t pluck$ up he>t aga91 & bo? fl\nd]$ on until !y rea*$ ! fur!r edge ( ! ,moss1 wet & pla/]$ ov] ) bog-sludge4 ,mr4 ,dixon's companions endeav\r$ to com=t him by ! assurance t he might avoid simil> p]ils1 by walk+ ^u patt5s1 or bo>ds fa/5$ to ! soles ( 8 feet1 z !y _h done :5 tak+ ! levels1 & z ! workm5 did :5 engag$ 9 mak+ dra9s 9 ! s(te/ p>ts ( ! ,moss4 ,! resid5t eng9e] 0 sorely puzzl$ 9 ! outset by ! problem ( con/ruct+ a road = heavy locomotives1 ) tra9s ( pass5g]s & goods1 ^u a bog :i* he _h f\nd incapable ( support+ 8 own weight6 ,mr4 ,/eph5son's idea 01 t su* a road might be made to float ^u ! bog1 simply by means ( a suffici5t ext5sion ( ! be>+ surface4 ,z a %ip1 or a raft1 capable ( su/a9+ heavy loads float$ 9 wat]1 s 9 8 op9ion1 might a light road be float$ ^u a bog1 :i* 0 ( consid]ably great] consi/5cy ?an wat]4 ,long be=e ! railway 0 ?\ght (1 ,mr4 ,roscoe _h adopt$ ! rem>kable exp$i5t ( fitt+ 8 pl\gh-horses ) flat wood5 soles or patt5s1 to enable !m to walk ^u ! ,moss l& :i* he _h br\ght into cultivation4 ,^! patt5s 7 fitt$ on by means ( a screw app>atus1 :i* met 9 front ( ! foot & 0 easily fa/5$4 ,! mode by :i* ^! patt5s s]v$ to su/a9 ! horse is capable ( easy explanation1 & x w be obs]v$ t ! rationale likewise expla9s ! float+ ( a railway tra94 ,! foot ( an ord9>y f>m-horse pres5ts a base ( ab\t five in*es diamet]1 b if ?is base be enl>g$ to sev5 in*es--! circles be+ to ea* o!r z ! squ>es ( ! diamet]s--x w be f\nd t1 by ?is slight enl>gem5t ( ! base1 a circle ( ne>ly d\ble ! area has be5 secur$2 & consequ5tly ! pressure ( ! foot ^u e unit ( gr\nd ^u :i* ! horse /&s has be5 r$uc$ "o half4 ,9 fact1 ?is contrivance has an effect tantam\nt to sett+ ! horse ^u eight feet in/ead ( f\r4 ,apply ! same reason+ to ! pond]\s locomotive1 & x w be f\nd1 t ev5 su* a ma*9e may be made to /& ^u a bog1 by means ( a simil> ext5sion ( ! be>+ surface4 ,suppose ! eng9e to be #bj feet long & #e feet wide1 ?us cov]+ a surface ( #ajj squ>e feet1 &1 provid$ ! be>+ has be5 ext5d$ by means ( cross sleep]s support$ on a matt+ ( hea? & bran*es ( trees cov]$ ) a few in*es ( gravel1 ! pressure ( an eng9e ( #bj tons w be only equal to ab\t #c p\nds p] in* ov] ! :ole surface on :i* x /&s4 ,su* 0 ,george ,/eph5son's idea 9 contriv+ 8 float+ road--some?+ l an elongat$ raft across ! ,moss2 & we %all see t he /eadily kept x 9 view 9 c>ry+ ! "w into execution4 ,! fir/ ?+ done 0 to =m a footpa? ( l+ or hea!r along ! propos$ road1 on :i* a man might walk )\t risk ( s9k+4 ,a s+le l9e ( tempor>y railway 0 !n laid d[n1 =m$ ( ord9>y cross-b>s ab\t #c feet long & an in* squ>e1 ) holes pun*$ ?r\gh !m at ! ends & nail$ d[n to tempor>y sleep]s4 ,along ?is way ran ! waggons 9 :i* 7 convey$ ! mat]ials requisite to =m ! p]man5t road4 ,^! waggons c>ri$ ab\t a ton ea*1 & !y 7 propell$ by boys runn+ beh9d !m along ! n>r[ iron rails4 ,! boys became s exp]t t !y w\ld run ! #d miles across at ! rate ( #g or #h miles an h\r )\t miss+ a /ep2 if !y _h done s1 !y w\ld h sunk 9 _m places up to _! middle4 ,a comp>atively slight ext5sion ( ! be>+ surface be+ f\nd suffici5t to enable ! bog to be> ?is tempor>y l9e1 ! circum/ance 0 a s\rce ( increas$ confid5ce & hope to our eng9e] 9 proce$+ ) ! =mation ( ! p]man5t roadway alongside4 ,! digg+ ( dra9s _h be5 proce$+ = "s "t along ea* side ( ! int5d$ l9e2 b !y fill$ up almo/ z soon z dug1 ! sides fl[+ 91 & ! bottom ris+ up4 ,x 0 only 9 "s ( ! dri] p>ts ( ! bog t a dep? ( ?ree or f\r feet c\ld be rea*$4 ,! surface-gr\nd betwe5 ! dra9s1 conta9+ ! int]tw9$ roots ( hea!r & long grass1 0 left unt\*$1 & ^u ?is 0 spread bran*es ( trees & h$ge-cutt+s4 ,9 ! s(te/ places1 rude gates or hurdles1 "s #h or #i feet long by #d feet wide1 int]wov5 ) hea!r1 7 laid 9 d\ble ?icknesses1 _! ends ov]lapp+ ea* o!r2 & ^u ?is float+ b$ 0 spread a ?9 lay] ( gravel1 on :i* ! sleep]s1 *airs1 & rails 7 laid 9 ! usual mann]4 ,su* 0 ! mode 9 :i* ! road 0 =m$ ^u ! ,moss4 ,x 0 f\nd1 h[ev]1 aft] ! p]man5t way _h be5 ?us laid1 t !re 0 a t5d5cy to s9k+ at ^? p>ts :]e ! bog 0 s(te/4 ,9 ord9>y cases1 :]e a bank subsides1 ! sleep]s are pack$ up ) balla/ or gravel2 b 9 ?is case ! balla/ 0 dug away & remov$ 9 ord] to light5 ! road1 & ! sleep]s 7 pack$ in/ead ) cakes ( dry turf or bundles ( hea?4 ,by ^! exp$i5ts ! subsid$ p>ts 7 aga9 float$ up to ! level1 & an approa* 0 made t[>ds a satisfactory road4 ,b ! mo/ =midable difficulties 7 enc\nt]$ at ! c5tre & t[>ds ! edges ( ! ,moss2 & x requir$ no small degree ( +5uity & p]sev]ance on ! "p ( ! eng9e] successfully to ov]come !m4 ,! ,moss1 z already obs]v$1 0 highe/ 9 ! c5tre1 & x !re pres5t$ a sort ( hun*back ) a ris+ & fall+ gradi5t4 ,at t po9t x 0 f\nd necess>y to cut deep] dra9s 9 ord] to consolidate ! gr\nd betwe5 !m on :i* ! road 0 to be =m$4 ,b1 z at o!r places1 ! deep] ! cutt+ ! m rapid 0 ! fl[ ( fluid bog into ! dra91 ! bottom ris+ up almo/ z fa/ z x 0 remov$4 ,to meet ?is em]g5cy1 numb]s ( empty t>-b>rels 7 br\ght f ,liv]pool2 & z soon z a few y>ds ( dra9 7 dug1 ! b>rels 7 laid d[n end to end1 firmly fix$ to ea* o!r by /rong slabs laid ov] ! jo9ts1 & nail$4 ,!y 7 !n cov]$ ov] ) clay1 & ?us =m$ an und]gr\nd sew] ( wood in/ead ( bricks4 ,?is exp$i5t 0 f\nd to answ] ! purpose int5d$1 & ! road across ! c5tre ( ! ,moss hav+ be5 s prep>$1 x 0 !n laid ) ! p]man5t mat]ials4 ,! greate/ difficulty 01 h[ev]1 exp]i5c$ 9 =m+ an embankm5t ^u ! edge ( ! bog at ! ,man*e/] end4 ,moss z dry z x c\ld be cut1 0 br\ght up 9 small waggons1 by m5 & boys1 & empti$ s z to =m an embankm5t2 b ! bank _h sc>cely be5 rais$ ?ree or f\r feet 9 height1 :5 ! /uff broke ?r\gh ! hea!ry surface ( ! bog & sank out ( sight4 ,m moss 0 br\ght up & empti$ ) no bett] result2 & = weeks ! fill+ 0 cont9u$ )\t any visible embankm5t hav+ be5 made4 ,x 0 ! duty ( ! resid5t eng9e] to proce$ to ,liv]pool e =tnight to obta9 ! wages = ! workm5 employ$ "u him2 & on ^! occasions he 0 requir$ to col\r up1 on a section drawn to a work+ scale susp5d$ aga9/ ! wall ( ! directors' room1 ! am\nt ( excavation & embankm5t f "t to "t execut$4 ,b on _m ( ^! occasions1 ,mr4 ,dixon _h no progress :atev] to %[ = ! money exp5d$ on ! ,*at ,moss embankm5t4 ,sometimes1 inde$1 ! visible "w done 0 less ?an x _h appe>$ a =tnight or a mon? be=e6 ,! directors n[ became s]i\sly al>m$1 & fe>$ t ! evil progno/ications ( ! em95t eng9e]s 7 ab\t to be fulfill$4 ,! resid5t eng9e] 0 ev5 call$ ^u to supply an e/imate ( ! co/ ( =m+ an embankm5t ( solid /uff ?r\gh\t1 z also ( ! co/ ( pil+ ! roadway1 & 9 effect con/ruct+ a f\r mile viaduct ( timb] across ! ,moss1 f tw5ty to ?irty feet high f ! f\ndation4 ,! exp5se appall$ ! directors1 & ! "q arose1 :e!r ! "w 0 to be proce$$ ) or ab&on$6 ,mr4 ,/eph5son aft]w>ds describ$ ! al>m+ position ( affairs at a public d9n] at ,birm+ham 7#bcrd ,decemb]1 #ahcg71 on ! occasion ( a piece ( plate be+ pres5t$ to 8 son1 ^u ! completion ( ! ,london & ,birm+ham ,railway4 ,he relat$ ! anecdote1 he said1 = ! purpose ( impress+ ^u ! m9ds ( ^? :o he>d him ! necessity ( p]sev]ance4 ,aft] work+ = weeks & weeks1 said he1 9 fill+ 9 mat]ials to =m ! road1 !re did n yet appe> to be ! lea/ sign ( our be+ able to raise ! solid embankm5t "o s+le in*2 9 %ort we w5t on fill+ 9 )\t ! slighte/ app>5t effect4 ,ev5 my assi/ants began to feel uneasy1 & to d\bt ( ! success ( ! s*eme4 ,! directors1 too1 spoke ( x z a hopeless task3 & at l5g? !y became s]i\sly al>m$1 s mu* s1 inde$1 t a bo>d meet+ 0 held on ,*at ,moss to decide :e!r ,i %\ld proce$ any fur!r4 ,!y _h previ\sly tak5 ! op9ion ( o!r eng9e]s1 :o report$ unfav\rably4 ,!re 0 no help = x1 h[ev]1 b to g on4 ,an imm5se outlay _h be5 incurr$2 & great loss w\ld h be5 occasion$ _h ! s*eme be5 !n ab&on$1 & ! l9e tak5 by ano!r r\te4 ,s ! directors 7 compell$ to all[ me to g on ) my plans1 ( ! ultimate success ( :i* ,i myself nev] = "o mom5t d\bt$4 ,dur+ ! progress ( ?is "p ( ! works1 ! ,worsley & ,traf=d m51 :o liv$ ne> ! ,moss1 & plum$ !mselves ^u _! practical k ( bog-"w1 decl>$ ! completion ( ! road to be utt]ly impracticable4 ,if y knew z mu* ab\t ,*at ,moss z we d1 !y said1 y w\ld nev] h ent]$ on s ra% an und]tak+2 & dep5d ^u x1 all y h done & are do+ w prove abortive4 ,y mu/ give up ! idea ( a float+ railway1 & ei!r fill ! ,moss h>d f ! bottom1 or deviate s z to avoid x altoge!r4 ,su* 7 ! conclusions ( sci5ce & exp]i5ce4 ,9 ! mid/ ( all ^! al>ms & prophecies ( failure1 ,/eph5son nev] lo/ he>t1 b held to 8 purpose4 ,8 motto 0 ,p]sev]e6 ,y mu/ g on fill+ 91 he said2 !re is no o!r help = x4 ,! /uff empti$ 9 is do+ its "w out ( sight1 & if y w b h pati5ce1 x w soon beg9 to %[4 ,& s ! fill+ 9 w5t on2 sev]al hundr$s ( m5 & boys 7 employ$ to sk9 ! ,moss all r\nd = _m ?\s& y>ds1 by means ( %>p spades1 call$ by ! turf cutt]s tommy-spades2 & ! dri$ cakes ( turf 7 aft]w>ds us$ to =m ! embankm5t1 until at l5g? z ! /uff sank & re/$ ^u ! bottom1 ! bank gradually rose above ! surface1 & sl[ly advanc$ onw>ds1 decl9+ 9 height & consequ5tly 9 weight1 until x became jo9$ to ! float+ road already laid ^u ! ,moss4 ,9 ! c\rse ( =m+ ! embankm5t1 ! pressure ( ! bog turf tipp$ out ( ! waggons caus$ a copi\s /ream ( bog-wat] to fl[ f ! end ( x1 9 col\r resembl+ ,b>clay's d\ble /\t2 & :5 complet$1 ! bank look$ l a long ridge ( tightly press$ tobacco-leaf4 ,! compression ( ! turf may be imag9$ f ! fact t #fgj1jjj cubic y>ds ( raw moss =m$ only #bgg1jjj cubic y>ds ( embankm5t at ! completion ( ! "w4 ,at ! we/]n1 or ,liv]pool end ( ! ,*at ,moss1 !re 0 a l embankm5t2 b1 z ! gr\nd !re 0 solid1 little difficulty 0 exp]i5c$ 9 =m+ x1 beyond ! loss ( sub/ance caus$ by ! ooz+ out ( ! wat] held by ! moss-e>?4 ,at ano!r "p ( ! ,liv]pool & ,man*e/] l9e1 ,p>r ,moss 0 cross$ by an embankm5t ab\t #a4e mile 9 ext5t4 ,9 ! imm$iate neighb\rhood 0 f\nd a l>ge excess ( cutt+1 :i* x w\ld h be5 necess>y to put out 9 spoil-banks 7accord+ to ! te*nical phrase72 b ! surplus clay1 /one1 & %ale1 7 tipp$1 waggon aft] waggon1 into ,p>r ,moss1 until a solid b conceal$ embankm5t1 f fifte5 to tw5ty-five feet high1 0 =m$1 al?\gh to ! eye x appe>s to be laid ^u ! level ( ! adjo9+ surface1 z at ,*at ,moss4 ,! road across ,*at ,moss 0 f9i%$ by ! #a/ ,janu>y1 #ahcj1 :5 ! fir/ exp]im5tal tra9 ( pass5g]s pass$ ov] x1 drawn by ! ,rocket2 & x turn$ out t1 in/ead ( be+ ! mo/ exp5sive "p ( ! l9e1 x 0 ab\t ! *eape/4 ,! total co/ ( =m+ ! l9e ov] ! ,moss 0 #bh1jjj p\nds1 :]eas ,mr4 ,giles's e/imate 0 #bgj1jjj p\nds6 ,x also prov$ to be "o ( ! be/ portions ( ! railway4 ,be+ a float+ road1 x 0 smoo? & easy to run ^u1 j z ,dr4 ,arnott's wat]-b$ is s(t & easy to lie ^u--! pressure be+ equal at all po9ts4 ,!re 01 & /ill is1 a sort ( spr+9ess 9 ! road ov] ! ,moss1 su* z is felt 9 pass+ along a susp5d$ bridge2 & ^? :o look$ along ! l9e z a tra9 pass$ ov] x1 said !y c\ld obs]ve a wav9ess1 su* z prec$es & foll[s a skat] ^u ice4 ,dur+ ! progress ( ^! works ! mo/ ridicul\s rum\rs 7 set afloat4 ,! driv]s ( ! /age-coa*es :o fe>$ = _! call+1 br\ght ! al>m+ intellig5ce into ,man*e/] f "t to "t1 t ,*at ,moss 0 bl[n up6 ,hundr$s ( m5 & horses _h sunk2 & ! works 7 completely ab&on$6 ,! eng9e] himself 0 decl>$ to h be5 swall[$ up 9 ! ,s]bonian bog2 & railways 7 at an end = ev]6 ,9 ! con/ruction ( ! railway1 ,mr4 ,/eph5son's capacity = organis+ & direct+ ! lab\rs ( a l>ge numb] ( workm5 ( all k9ds em95tly display$ itself4 ,a va/ quantity ( balla/-waggons _h to be con/ruct$1 & implem5ts & mat]ials collect$1 be=e ! army ( necess>y lab\r]s c\ld be effici5tly employ$ at ! v>i\s po9ts ( ! l9e4 ,!re 7 n at t "t1 z !re are n[1 l>ge contractors possess$ ( railway plant1 capable ( execut+ e>?-works on a l>ge scale4 ,! fir/ railway eng9e] _h n only to contrive ! plant1 b to organise & direct ! lab\r4 ,! lab\r]s !mselves _h to be tra9$ to _! "w2 & x 0 on ! ,liv]pool & ,man*e/] l9e t ,mr4 ,/eph5son organis$ ! /aff ( t mighty b& ( railway navvies1 ^: h&iworks w be ! wond] & admiration ( succe$+ g5]ations4 ,look+ at _! gigantic traces1 ! m5 ( "s future age may be f\nd to decl>e ( ! eng9e] & ( 8 workm51 t !re 7 giants 9 ^? days4 ,al?\gh ! works ( ! ,liv]pool & ,man*e/] ,railway are ( a mu* less =midable "* ?an ^? ( _m l9es t h s9ce be5 con/ruct$1 !y 7 !n reg>d$ z ( ! mo/ /up5d\s description4 ,9 de$1 ! l ( !m _h n be=e be5 execut$ 9 ,engl&4 ,x _h be5 our eng9e]'s orig9al int5tion c>ry ! railway f ! nor? end ( ,liv]pool1 r\nd ! r$-s&/one ridge on :i* ! upp] "p ( ! t[n is built1 & also r\nd ! high] rise ( ! coal =mation at ,ra9hill1 by foll[+ ! natural levels4 ,b ! opposition ( ! l&[n]s hav+ =c$ ! l9e m to ! s\?1 x 0 r5d]$ necess>y to cut ?r\gh ! hills1 & g ov] ! high gr\nds in/ead ( r\nd !m4 ,! fir/ consequ5ce ( ?is alt]ation 9 ! plans 0 ! necessity = con/ruct+ a tunnel "u ! t[n ( ,liv]pool #a4e mile 9 l5g?2 ! second1 a long & deep cutt+ ?r\gh ! r$-s&/one rock at ,olive ,m\nt2 & ! ?ird & mo/ s]i\s ( all1 0 ! necessity = surm\nt+ ! ,:i/on & ,sutton hills by incl9$ planes ( #a 9 #if4 ,! l9e 0 also1 by ! same =c$ deviation1 prev5t$ pass+ ?r\gh ! ,lanca%ire coal-field1 & ! eng9e] 0 compell$ to c>ry x across ! ,sankey valley1 at a po9t :]e ! wat]s ( ! brook _h dug out an excessively deep *annel ?r\gh ! m>l-b$s ( ! di/rict4 ,! pr9cipal difficulty 0 exp]i5c$ 9 pu%+ on ! works connect$ ) ! =mation ( ! tunnel "u ,liv]pool1 #bbjj y>ds 9 l5g?4 ,! bla/+ & hew+ ( ! rock 7 vigor\sly c>ri$ on night & day2 & ! eng9e]'s practical exp]i5ce 9 ! colli]ies "h prov$ ( great use to him4 ,_m ob/acles _h to be enc\nt]$ & ov]come 9 ! =mation ( ! tunnel1 ! rock v>y+ 9 h>dness & texture at diff]5t p>ts4 ,9 "s places ! m9]s 7 delug$ by wat]1 :i* surg$ f ! s(t blue %ale f\nd at ! l[e/ level ( ! tunnel4 ,9 o!r places1 b$s ( wet s& 7 cut ?r\gh2 & !re c>eful propp+ & p9n+ 7 necess>y to prev5t ! ro( f tumbl+ 91 until ! masonry to support x c\ld be erect$4 ,on "o occasion1 :ile ! eng9e] 0 abs5t f ,liv]pool1 a mass ( loose moss-e>? & s& fell f ! ro(1 :i* _h be5 insuffici5tly propp$4 ,! m9]s )drew f ! "w2 & on ,/eph5son's return1 he f\nd !m 9 a refractory /ate1 refus+ to re-ent] ! tunnel4 ,he induc$ !m1 h[ev]1 by 8 example1 to return to _! lab\rs2 & :5 ! ro( _h be5 secur$1 ! "w w5t on aga9 z be=e4 ,:5 !re 0 dang]1 he 0 always ready to %>e x ) ! m52 & ga!r+ confid5ce f 8 fe>lessness1 !y proce$$ vigor\sly ) ! und]tak+1 bor+ & m9+ _! way t[>ds ! light4 ,picture3 ,olive ,m\nt ,cutt+ ,! ,olive ,m\nt cutt+ 0 ! fir/ ext5sive /one cutt+ execut$ on any railway1 & to ?is day x is "o ( ! mo/ =midable4 ,x is ab\t two miles long1 & 9 "s p>ts #hj feet deep4 ,x is a n>r[ rav9e or defile cut out ( ! solid rock2 & n less ?an #dhj1jjj cubic y>ds ( /one 7 remov$ f x4 ,mr4 ,vignolles1 aft]w>ds describ+ x1 said x look$ z if x _h be5 dug out by giants4 ,! cross+ ( s _m roads & /reams involv$ ! necessity = con/ruct+ an unusual numb] ( bridges4 ,!re 7 n few] ?an #fc1 "u or ov] ! railway1 on ! #cj miles betwe5 ,liv]pool & ,man*e/]4 ,up to ?is "t1 bridges _h be5 appli$ g5]ally to high roads :]e incl9$ approa*es 7 ( comp>atively small importance1 & 9 det]m9+ ! rise ( 8 ar* ! eng9e] select$ any headway he ?\ght prop]4 ,e consid]ation 0 inde$ made subsidi>y to con/ruct+ ! bridge itself1 & ! completion ( "o l>ge /ructure ( ?is sort 0 reg>d$ z an epo* 9 eng9e]+ hi/ory4 ,yet "h1 9 ! c\rse ( a few ye>s1 no few] ?an #fc bridges 7 con/ruct$ on "o l9e ( railway6 ,mr4 ,/eph5son e>ly f\nd t ! ord9>y ar* 0 inapplicable 9 c]ta9 cases1 :]e ! headway 0 limit$1 & yet ! level ( ! railway mu/ be pres]v$4 ,9 su* cases he employ$ simple ca/-iron beams1 by :i* he safely bridg$ gaps ( mod]ate wid?1 economiz+ headway1 & introduc+ ! use ( a new mat]ial ( ! greate/ possible value to ! railway eng9e]4 ,! bridges ( masonry ^u ! l9e 7 ( _m k9ds2 sev]al ( !m askew bridges1 & o!rs1 su* z ^? at ,newton & ov] ! ,irwell at ,man*e/]1 /raight & ( consid]able dim5sions2 b ! pr9cipal piece ( masonry 0 ! ,sankey viaduct4 ,picture3 ,sankey ,viaduct ,?is f9e "w is pr9cipally ( brick1 ) /one fac+s4 ,x consi/s ( n9e ar*es ( fifty feet span ea*4 ,! massive pi]s are support$ on two hundr$ piles driv5 deep into ! soil2 & !y rise to a great height1--! cop+ ( ! p>apet be+ sev5ty feet above ! level ( ! valley1 9 :i* fl[ ! ,sankey brook & canal4 ,its total co/ 0 ab\t #de1jjj p\nds4 ,by ! end ( #ahbh ! directors f\nd !y _h exp5d$ #dfj1jjj p\nds on ! works1 & t !y 7 /ill f> f completion4 ,!y look$ at ! loss ( int]e/ on ?is l>ge inve/m5t1 & began to grumble at ! delay4 ,!y desir$ to see _! capital becom+ productive2 & 9 ! spr+ ( #ahbi !y urg$ ! eng9e] to pu% on ! works ) increas$ vig\r4 ,mr4 ,cropp]1 "o ( ! directors1 :o took an active int]e/ 9 _! progress1 said to ,/eph5son "o day1 ,n[1 ,george1 ?\ mu/ get on ) ! railway1 & h x f9i%$ )\t fur!r delay2 ?\ mu/ really h x ready = op5+ by ! fir/ day ( ,janu>y next4 ,consid] ! heavy "* ( ! works1 sir1 & h[ mu* we h be5 delay$ by ! want ( money1 n to speak ( ! wetness ( ! wea!r3 x is impossible4 ,impossible6 rejo9$ ,cropp]2 ,i wi% ,i c\ld get ,napoleon to !e--he w\ld tell !e !re is no su* ^w z 'impossible' 9 ! vocabul>y4 ,tu%6 exclaim$ ,/eph5son1 ) w>m?2 don't speak to me ab\t ,napoleon6 ,give me m51 money1 & mat]ials1 & ,i w d :at ,napoleon c\ldn't d--drive a railway f ,liv]pool to ,man*e/] ov] ,*at ,moss6 ,! works made rapid progress 9 ! c\rse ( ! ye> #ahbi4 ,d\ble sets ( lab\r]s 7 employ$ on ,*at ,moss & at o!r po9ts1 by night & day1 ! night %ifts work+ by tor* & fire light2 & at l5g?1 ! "w advanc+ at all po9ts1 ! directors saw _! way to ! satisfactory completion ( ! und]tak+4 ,x may well be suppos$ t ,mr4 ,/eph5son's "t 0 fully occupi$ 9 sup]9t5d+ ! ext5sive1 & = ! mo/ "p novel works1 connect$ ) ! railway1 & t ev5 8 extraord9>y p[]s ( lab\r & endurance 7 tax$ to ! utmo/ dur+ ! f\r ye>s t !y 7 9 progress4 ,almo/ e detail 9 ! plans 0 direct$ & arrang$ by himself4 ,e bridge1 f ! simple/ to ! mo/ complicat$1 includ+ ! !n novel /ructure ( ! skew bridge1 iron gird]s1 siphons1 fix$ eng9es1 & ! ma*9]y = work+ ! tunnel at ! ,liv]pool end1 _h to be ?\ght out by 8 own head1 & r$uc$ to def9ite plans "u 8 own eyes4 ,besides all ?is1 he _h to design ! work+ plant 9 anticipation ( ! op5+ ( ! railway4 ,he mu/ be prep>$ ) waggons1 trucks1 & c>riages1 himself sup]9t5d+ _! manufacture4 ,! p]man5t road1 turntables1 swit*es1 & cross+s1--9 %ort1 ! entire /ructure & ma*9]y ( ! l9e1 f ! turn+ ( ! fir/ sod to ! runn+ ( ! fir/ tra9 ( c>riages ^u ! railway1--7 execut$ "u 8 imm$iate sup]vision4 ,& x 0 9 ! mid/ ( ?is va/ accumulation ( "w & responsibility t ! battle ( ! locomotive eng9e _h to be f\ght1--a battle1 n m]ely aga9/ mat]ial difficulties1 b aga9/ ! /ill m try+ ob/ructions ( deeply-root$ mi/ru/ & prejudice on ! "p ( a consid]able m9ority ( ! directors4 ,he _h no /aff ( exp]i5c$ assi/ants1--n ev5 a /aff ( draughtsm5 9 8 (fice1--b only a few pupils le>n+ _! bus9ess2 & he 0 frequ5tly )\t ev5 _! help4 ,! "t ( 8 eng9e]+ inspectors 0 fully occupi$ 9 ! actual sup]9t5d5ce ( ! works at diff]5t p>ts ( ! l9e2 & he took c>e to direct all _! m important op]ations 9 p]son4 ,! pr9cipal draughtsman 0 ,mr4 ,?omas ,goo*1 a pupil he _h br\ght ) him f ,newca/le4 ,i may say1 writes ,mr4 ,goo*1 t ne>ly ! :ole ( ! work+ & o!r draw+s1 z well z ! v>i\s l&-plans = ! railway1 7 drawn by my own h&4 ,!y 7 done at ! ,company's (fice 9 ,clayton ,squ>e dur+ ! day1 f in/ructions suppli$ 9 ! ev5+s by ,mr4 ,/eph5son1 ei!r by ^w ( m\?1 or by little r\gh h&-sket*es on lett]-pap]4 ,! ev5+s 7 also g5]ally devot$ to my duties z secret>y1 9 writ+ 7mo/ly f 8 own dictation7 8 lett]s & reports1 or 9 mak+ calculations & e/imates4 ,! morn+s be=e breakfa/ 7 n unfrequ5tly sp5t by me 9 visit+ & l5d+ a help+ h& 9 ! tunnel & o!r works ne> ,liv]pool1--! untir+ zeal & p]sev]ance ( ,george ,/eph5son nev] = an in/ant flagg+ & inspir+ ) a l en?usiasm all :o 7 engag$ "u him 9 c>ry+ =w>d ! works4 #ahi ,! usual r\t9e ( 8 life at ?is "t--if r\t9e x might be call$--01 to rise e>ly1 by sunrise 9 summ] & be=e x 9 w9t]1 & ?us break ! back ( ! day's "w by mid-day4 ,:ile ! tunnel "u ,liv]pool 0 9 progress1 "o ( 8 fir/ duties 9 a morn+ be=e breakfa/ 0 to g ov] ! v>i\s %afts1 clo!d 9 a suitable dress1 & inspect _! progress at diff]5t po9ts2 on o!r days he w\ld visit ! ext5sive work%ops at ,edgehill1 :]e mo/ ( ! plant = ! l9e 0 9 c\rse ( manufacture4 ,!n1 return+ to 8 h\se1 9 ,upp] ,p>liam5t ,/reet1 ,w9dsor1 aft] a hurri$ breakfa/1 he w\ld ride along ! works to inspect _! progress1 & pu% !m on ) great] en]gy :]e ne$ful4 ,on o!r days he w\ld prep>e = ! mu* less cong5ial engagem5t ( meet+ ! ,bo>d1 :i* 0 (t5 a cause ( great anxiety & pa9 to him2 = x 0 difficult to satisfy m5 ( all temp]s1 & "s ( ^! n ( ! mo/ g5]\s sort4 ,on su* occasions he might be se5 ) 8 "r-h& ?umb ?ru/ ?r\gh ! topmo/ button-hole ( 8 coat-brea/1 vehem5tly hit*+ 8 "r %\ld]1 z 0 8 habit :5 lab\r+ "u any consid]able excitem5t4 ,occasionally he w\ld take an e>ly ride be=e breakfa/1 to inspect ! progress ( ! ,sankey viaduct4 ,he _h a fav\rite horse1 br\ght by him f ,newca/le1 call$ ,bobby1--s tractable t1 ) 8 rid] on 8 back1 he w\ld walk up to a locomotive ) ! /eam bl[+ (f1 & put 8 nose aga9/ x )\t %y+4 ,bobby1 saddl$ & bridl$1 0 br\ght to ,mr4 ,/eph5son's door betimes 9 ! morn+2 & m\nt+ him1 he w\ld ride ! fifte5 miles to ,sankey1 putt+ up at a little public h\se :i* !n /ood ^u ! banks ( ! canal4 ,!re he _h 8 breakfa/ ( cr[die1 :i* he made ) 8 own h&s4 ,x consi/$ ( oatmeal /irr$ into a bas9 ( hot wat]1--a sort ( porridge1--:i* 0 supp$ ) cold sweet milk4 ,aft] ?is frugal breakfa/1 he w\ld g ^u ! works1 & rema9 !re1 rid+ f po9t to po9t = ! great] "p ( ! day4 ,:5 he return$ be=e mid-day1 he exam9$ ! pay-%eets 9 ! diff]5t dep>tm5ts1 s5t 9 by ! assi/ant eng9e]s1 or by ! =em5 ( ! work%ops4 ,to all ^! he gave 8 mo/ c>eful p]sonal att5tion1 requir+ :5 necess>y a full explanation ( ! items4 ,aft] a late d9n]1 :i* occupi$ v %ort "t & 0 always ( a pla9 & frugal description1 he dispos$ ( 8 correspond5ce1 or prep>$ sket*es ( draw+s1 & gave in/ructions z to _! completion4 ,he w\ld occasionally refre% himself = ?is ev5+ "w by a %ort doze1 :i*1 h[ev]1 he w\ld nev] admit _h exce$$ ! limits ( w9k+1 to use 8 own t]m4 ,mr4 ,fr$]ick ,swanwick1 :o (ficiat$ z 8 secret>y1 aft] ! appo9tm5t ( ,mr4 ,goo* z ,resid5t ,eng9e] to ! ,bolton & ,leigh ,railway1 has in=m$ u t he !n rem>k$--:at 9 aft] ye>s he c\ld bett] appreciate--! cle>1 t]se1 & vigor\s /yle ( ,mr4 ,/eph5son's dictation4 ,!re 0 no?+ sup]flu\s 9 x2 b x 0 close1 direct1 & to ! po9t1--9 %ort1 ?or\ghly bus9esslike4 ,& if1 9 pass+ ?r\gh ! p5 ( ! amanu5sis1 8 mean+ happ5$ 9 any way to be di/ort$ or modifi$1 x did n fail to escape 8 detection1 ?\gh he 0 always tol]ant ( any lib]ties tak5 ) 8 own =m ( expression1 s long z ! words writt5 d[n convey$ 8 real mean+4 ,8 lett]s & reports writt51 & 8 sket*es ( draw+s made & expla9$1 ! rema9d] ( ! ev5+ 0 usually devot$ to conv]sation ) 8 wife & ^? ( 8 pupils :o liv$ "u 8 ro(1 & con/itut$1 z x 71 "p ( ! family4 ,he !n delight$ to te/ ! k ( 8 "y companions1 & to "q !m ^u ! pr9ciples ( me*anics4 ,if !y 7 n q up to ! m>k on any po9t1 !re 0 no escap+ detection by evasive or speci\s explanations4 ,^! always br\ght out ! v]dict1 ,ah6 y "k n\ght ab\t x n[2 b ?9k x ov] aga91 & tell me :5 y und]/& x4 ,if !re 7 ev5 p>tial success 9 ! reply1 x 0 at once ackn[l$g$1 & a full explanation giv51 to :i* ! ma/] w\ld add illu/rative examples = ! purpose ( impress+ ! pr9ciple m deeply ^u ! pupil's m9d4 ,x 0 n s mu* 8 object & purpose to cram ! m9ds ( ! "y m5 committ$ to 8 *>ge ) ! results ( k1 z to /imulate !m to educate !mselves--to induce !m to develop _! m5tal & moral p[]s by ! ex]cise ( _! own free en]gies1 & ?us acquire t habit ( self-?9k+ & self-reliance :i* is ! spr+ ( all true manly action4 ,9 a ^w1 he s\ght to br+ out & invigorate ! "* ( 8 pupils4 ,he felt t he himself _h be5 made /rong] & bett] ?r\gh 8 enc\nt]s ) difficulty2 & he w\ld n h ! road ( k made too smoo? & easy = !m4 ,le>n = y\rselves1--?9k = y\rselves1 he w\ld say3--make y\rselves ma/]s ( pr9ciples1--p]sev]e1--be indu/ri\s1--& !re is !n no fe> ( y4 ,& n ! lea/ emphatic pro( ( ! s\ndness ( ?is sy/em ( education1 z conduct$ by ,mr4 ,/eph5son1 0 af=d$ by ! aft] hi/ory ( ^! pupils !mselves4 ,!re 0 n "o ( ^? tra9$ "u 8 eye :o did n rise to em95t usefulness & di/9ction z an eng9e]4 ,he s5t !m =? into ! _w brac$ ) ! _s ( manly self-help--inspir$ by 8 own noble example2 & !y repeat$ 9 _! aft] c>e] ! lessons ( e>ne/ ef=t & p]si/5t indu/ry :i* 8 daily life _h taught !m4 ,/eph5son's ev5+s at home 7 n1 h[ev]1 exclusively devot$ ei!r to bus9ess or to ! grav] ex]cises above ref]r$ to4 ,he w\ld (t5 indulge 9 *e]ful conv]sation & anecdote1 fall+ back f "t to "t ^u ! /ruggles & difficulties ( 8 e>ly life4 ,! n unfrequ5t w9d+ up ( 8 /ory address$ to ! "y m5 ab\t him1 01 ,ah6 ye "y fell[s don't "k :at w>k is 9 ^! days6 ,mr4 ,swanwick takes pleasure 9 recall+ to m9d h[ seldom1 if ev]1 a cross or capti\s ^w1 or an angry look1 m>r$ ! enjoym5t ( ^? ev5+s4 ,! pres5ce ( ,mrs4 ,/eph5son gave !m an additional *>m3 amiable1 k9d-he>t$1 & intellig5t1 %e %>$ quietly 9 ! pleasure ( ! p>ty2 & ! atmosph]e ( com=t :i* always p]vad$ h] home contribut$ 9 no small degree to r5d] x a c5tre ( *e]ful1 hopeful int]c\rse1 & ( e>ne/1 hone/ indu/ry4 ,%e 0 a wife :o well des]v$1 :at %e ?r\gh life reta9$1 ! /rong & unremitt+ affection ( h] husb&4 ,:5 ,mr4 ,/eph5son retir$ = ! night1 x 0 n always t he p]mitt$ himself to s9k into slumb]4 ,l ,br9dley1 he work$ out _m a difficult problem 9 b$2 & = h\rs he w\ld turn ov] 9 8 m9d & /udy h[ to ov]come "s ob/acle1 or to mature "s project1 on :i* 8 ?\ghts 7 b5t4 ,"s rem>k inadv]t5tly dropp$ by him at ! breakfa/-table 9 ! morn+1 s]v$ to %[ t he _h be5 /eal+ "s h\rs f ! pa/ night 9 reflection & /udy4 ,yet he w\ld rise at 8 accu/om$ e>ly h\r1 & !re 0 no abatem5t ( 8 usual en]gy 9 c>ry+ on ! bus9ess ( ! day4 ,,*apt] ,,xi4 ,,rob]t ,,/eph5son',s ,,resid5ce ,,9 ,,colombia1 ,,& ,,return--,,! ,,battle ,,( ,,! ,,locomotive--,,! ,,rocket4 ,we return to ! c>e] ( ,rob]t ,/eph5son1 :o _h be5 abs5t f ,engl& dur+ ! con/ruction ( ! ,liv]pool railway1 b 0 %ortly ab\t to jo9 8 fa!r & take "p 9 ! battle ( ! locomotive1 :i* 0 n[ imp5d+4 ,on 8 return f ,ed9burgh ,college 9 ! summ] ( #ahbc1 he _h assi/$ 9 ! survey ( ! ,/ockton & ,d>l+ton l9e2 & :5 ! ,locomotive ,eng9e ,works 7 />t$ 9 ,=? ,/reet1 ,newca/le1 he took an active "p 9 t conc]n4 ,! factory1 he says1 0 9 active op]ation e>ly 9 #ahbd2 ,i left ,engl& = ,colombia 9 ,june ( t ye>1 hav+ f9i%$ draw+ ! designs ( ! ,brusselton /ation>y eng9es = ! ,/ockton & ,d>l+ton ,railway be=e ,i left4 #aic ,speculation 0 v rife at ! "t2 & among/ ! mo/ promis+ adv5tures 7 ! companies organis$ = ! purpose ( work+ ! gold & silv] m9es ( ,s\? ,am]ica4 ,great difficulty 0 exp]i5c$ 9 f9d+ m9+ eng9e]s capable ( c>ry+ out ^? projects1 & "y m5 ( ev5 ! mo/ mod]ate exp]i5ce 7 eag]ly s\ght aft]4 ,! ,columbian ,m9+ ,association ( ,london (f]$ an engagem5t to "y ,/eph5son1 to g out to ,m>iquita & take *>ge ( ! eng9e]+ op]ations ( t company4 ,rob]t 0 himself desir\s ( accept+ x1 b 8 fa!r said x w\ld fir/ be necess>y to asc]ta9 :e!r ! propos$ *ange w\ld be = 8 good4 ,8 heal? _h be5 v delicate = "s "t1 p>tly occasion$ by 8 rapid gr[?1 b pr9cipally because ( 8 close application to "w & /udy4 ,fa!r & son toge!r call$ ^u ,dr4 ,headlam1 ! em95t physician ( ,newca/le1 to consult him on ! subject4 ,dur+ ! exam9ation :i* ensu$1 ,rob]t aft]w>ds us$ to say t he felt z if he 7 ^u trial = life or dea?4 ,to 8 great relief1 ! doctor pron\nc$ t a tempor>y resid5ce 9 a w>m climate 0 ! v ?+ likely to be mo/ b5eficial to him4 ,! appo9tm5t 0 accord+ly accept$1 &1 be=e _m weeks _h pass$1 ,rob]t ,/eph5son set sail = ,s\? ,am]ica4 ,aft] a tol]ably prosp]\s voyage he l&$ at ,la ,guayra1 on ! nor? coa/ ( ,v5ezuela1 on ! #bcrd ,july1 f !nce proce$+ to ,c>accas1 ! capital ( ! di/rict1 ab\t #ae miles inl&4 ,!re he rema9$ = two mon?s1 unable to proce$ 9 consequ5ce ( ! wret*$ /ate ( ! roads 9 ! int]ior4 ,he contriv$1 h[ev]1 to make occasional excursions 9 ! neighb\rhood1 ) an eye to ! m9+ bus9ess on :i* he _h come4 ,ab\t ! beg9n+ ( ,octob] he set out = ,bogota1 ! capital ( ,columbia or ,new ,granada4 ,! di/ance 0 ab\t #abjj miles1 ?r\gh a v difficult region1 & x 0 p]=m$ entirely ^u mule-back aft] ! fa%ion ( ! c\ntry4 ,9 ! c\rse ( ! j\rney ,rob]t visit$ _m ( ! di/ricts report$ to be ri* 9 m9]als1 b he met ) few traces except ( copp]1 iron1 & coal1 ) occasional indications ( gold & silv]4 ,he f\nd ! p ready to furni% in=mation1 :i*1 h[ev]1 :5 te/$1 usually prov$ wor?less4 ,a guide :om he employ$ = weeks1 kept him buoy$ up ) ! hope ( ri*] m9+ qu>t]s ?an he _h yet se52 b :5 he pr(ess$ to be able to %[ him m9es ( brass1 /eel1 alcohol1 & p9*beck1 ,/eph5son discov]$ him to be an incorrigible rogue1 & imm$iately dismiss$ him4 ,at l5g? our travell] rea*$ ,bogota1 & aft] an int]view ) ,mr4 ,ill+wor?1 ! comm]cial manag] ( ! m9+ ,company1 he proce$$ to ,honda1 cross$ ! ,magdal5a1 & %ortly aft] rea*$ ! site ( 8 int5d$ op]ations on ! ea/]n slopes ( ! ,&es4 ,mr4 ,/eph5son us$ aft]w>ds to speak 9 gl[+ t]ms ( ?is 8 fir/ mule-j\rney 9 ,s\? ,am]ica4 ,ev]y?+ 0 entirely new to him4 ,! v>iety & beauty ( ! indig5\s plants1 ! luxuri\s tropical vegetation1 ! appe>ance1 mann]s1 & dress ( ! p1 & ! mode ( travell+1 7 altoge!r diff]5t f ev]y?+ he _h be=e se54 ,8 own travell+ g>b also mu/ h be5 /range ev5 to himself4 ,my hat1 he says1 0 ( plait$ grass1 ) a cr[n n9e in*es 9 height1 surr\nd$ by a brim ( six in*es2 a :ite cotton suit2 & a ruana ( blue & crimson plaid1 ) a hole 9 ! c5tre = ! head to pass ?r\gh4 ,?is cloak is admirably adapt$ = ! purpose1 amply cov]+ ! rid] & mule1 & at night answ]+ ! purpose ( a blanket 9 ! net-hammock1 :i* is made f fibres ( ! aloe1 & :i* e travell] c>ries be=e him on 8 mule1 & susp5ds to ! trees or 9 h\ses1 z occasion may require4 ,! "p ( ! j\rney :i* seems to h made ! mo/ la/+ impression on 8 m9d 0 t betwe5 ,bogota & ! m9+ di/rict 9 ! neighb\rhood ( ,m>iquita4 ,z he asc5d$ ! slopes ( ! m\nta9-range1 & rea*$ ! fir/ /ep ( ! table-l&1 he 0 /ruck beyond expression ) ! noble view ( ! valley ( ! ,magdal5a beh9d him1 s va/ t he fail$ 9 attempt+ to def9e ! po9t at :i* ! c\rse ( ! riv] bl5d$ ) ! horizon4 ,l all travell]s 9 ! di/rict1 he not$ ! rem>kable *anges ( climate & vegetation1 z he rose f ! burn+ pla9s t[>ds ! fre% brea? ( ! m\nta9s4 ,f an atmosph]e z hot z t ( an ov5 he pass$ into delici\s cool air2 until1 9 8 onw>d & upw>d j\rney1 a /ill m temp]ate region 0 rea*$1 ! v p]fection ( climate4 ,be=e him rose ! maje/ic ,cordill]as1 =m+ a ramp>t aga9/ ! we/]n skies1 at c]ta9 times ( ! day look+ black1 %>p1 &1 at _! summit1 almo/ z ev5 z a wall4 ,our eng9e] took up 8 abode = a "t at ,m>iquita1 a f9e old city1 ?\gh !n greatly decay$4 ,dur+ ! p]iod ( ! ,spani% dom9ion1 x 0 an important place1 mo/ ( ! gold & silv] convoys pass+ ?r\gh x on _! way to ,c>tag5a1 !re to be %ipp$ 9 galleons = ,europe4 ,! m\nta9\s c\ntry to ! we/ 0 ri* 9 silv]1 gold1 & o!r metals1 & x 0 ,mr4 ,/eph5son's object to select ! be/ site = comm5c+ op]ations = ! ,company4 ,) ?is object he prospect$ ab\t 9 all directions1 visit+ long-ab&on$ m9es1 & analys+ specim5s obta9$ f _m qu>t]s4 ,! m9es ev5tually fix$ ^u z ! sc5e ( 8 op]ations 7 ^? ( ,la ,manta & ,santa ,anna1 long be=e work$ by ! ,spani>ds1 ?\gh1 9 consequ5ce ( ! luxuriance & rapidity ( ! vegetation1 all traces ( ! old work+s _h become completely ov]gr[n & lo/4 ,ev]y?+ _h to be begun anew4 ,roads _h to be cut to ! m9es1 ma*9]y to be erect$1 & ! gr\nd op5$ up1 9 c\rse ( :i* "s ( ! old adits 7 hit ^u4 ,! native peons or lab\r]s 7 n accu/om$ to "w1 & at fir/ !y usually contriv$ to des]t :5 !y 7 n wat*$1 s t v little progress c\ld be made until ! arrival ( ! expect$ b& ( m9]s f ,engl&4 ,! au?orities 7 by no means helpful1 & ! eng9e] 0 driv5 to an old exp$i5t ) ! object ( ov]com+ ?is difficulty4 ,we endeav\r all we c1 he says1 9 "o ( 8 lett]s1 to make ourselves popul>1 & ?is we f9d mo/ effectually accompli%$ by 'regal+ ! v5al bea/s4' #aif ,he also gave a ball at ,m>iquita1 :i* pass$ (f ) eclat1 ! gov]nor f ,honda1 ) a ho/ ( fri5ds1 hon\r+ x ) _! pres5ce4 ,x 01 inde$1 necess>y to make a p>ty 9 ?is way1 z o!r s*em]s 7 already try+ to und]m9e ! ,colombian company 9 influ5tial directions4 ,! eng9e] did n exagg]ate :5 he said1 ,! unc]ta9ty ( transact+ bus9ess 9 ?is c\ntry is p]plex+ beyond description4 ,at la/1 8 p>ty ( m9]s arriv$ f ,engl&1 b !y gave him ev5 m tr\ble ?an ! peons _h done4 ,!y 7 r\gh1 drunk51 & sometimes altoge!r ungov]nable4 ,he set !m to "w at ! ,santa ,anna m9e )\t delay1 & at ! same "t took up 8 abode among/ !m1 to keep !m1 he said1 if possible1 f indulg+ 9 ! dete/able vice ( drunk5ness1 :i*1 if n put a /op to1 w ev5tually de/roy !mselves1 & involve ! m9+ association 9 ru94 ,to add to 8 tr\bles1 ! capta9 ( ! m9]s display$ a v ho/ile & insubord9ate _s1 qu>rell$ & f\ght ) ! m51 & 0 insol5t to ! eng9e] himself4 ,! capta9 & 8 gang1 be+ ,corni% m51 told ,rob]t to 8 face1 t because he 0 a ,nor?-c\ntry man1 & n born 9 ,cornwall x 0 impossible he %\ld "k any?+ ( m9+4 ,disease also fell ^u him1--fir/ fev]1 & !n visc]al d]angem5t1 foll[$ by a return ( 8 old compla9t1 a feel+ ( oppression 9 ! brea/4 ,no wond] t 9 ! mid/ ( ^! tr\bles he %\ld long+ly speak ( return+ to 8 native l&4 ,b he /uck to 8 po/ & 8 duty1 kept up 8 c\rage1 & by a mixture ( mildness & firmness1 & ! display ( great coolness ( judgm5t1 he contriv$ to keep ! m5 to _! "w1 & gradually to c>ry =w>d ! ent]prise :i* he _h und]tak54 ,by ! beg9n+ ( ,july1 #ahbf1 we f9d t quietness & ord] _h be5 re/or$1 & ! works 7 proce$+ m satisfactorily1 ?\gh ! yield ( silv] 0 n z yet v promis+4 ,mr4 ,/eph5son calculat$ t at lea/ ?ree ye>s' dilig5t & co/ly op]ations w\ld be ne$$ to r5d] ! m9es productive4 ,9 ! mean "t he remov$ to ! dwell+ :i* _h be5 erect$ = 8 accommodation at ,santa ,anna4 ,x 0 a /ructure spe$ily rais$ aft] ! fa%ion ( ! c\ntry4 ,picture3 ,rob]t ,/eph5son's ,cottage at ,santa ,anna ,! walls 7 ( split & flatt5$ bamboo1 ti$ toge!r ) ! long fibres ( a dri$ climb+ plant2 ! ro( 0 ( palm-leaves1 & ! ceil+ ( re$s4 ,:5 an e>?quake %ook ! di/rict--= e>?quakes 7 frequ5t--! inmates ( su* a fabric m]ely felt z if %ak5 9 a basket1 )\t su/a9+ any h>m4 ,9 front ( ! cottage lay a woody rav9e1 ext5d+ almo/ to ! base ( ! ,&es1 gorge\sly clo!d 9 primeval vegetation--magnolias1 palms1 bamboos1 tree-f]ns1 acacias1 c$>s2 &1 t[]+ ov] all1 ! great alm5drons1 ) _! smoo?1 silv]y /ems1 be>+ al(t noble clu/]s ( pure :ite blossom4 ,! =e/ 0 haunt$ by myriads ( gay insects1 butt]flies ) w+s ( dazzl+ lu/re1 birds ( brilliant plumage1 humm+-birds1 gold5 orioles1 t\cans1 & a ho/ ( solit>y w>bl]s4 ,b ! glori\s sunsets se5 f 8 cottage-por* m ?an all a/oni%$ & delight$ ! "y eng9e]2 & he 0 accu/om$ to say t1 aft] hav+ witness$ !m1 he 0 reluctant to accuse ! anci5t ,p]uvians ( idolatry4 ,b all ^! natural beauties fail$ to reconcile him to ! h>ass+ difficulties ( 8 situation1 :i* cont9u$ to increase r ?an dim9i%4 ,he 0 hamp]$ by ! action ( ! ,bo>d at home1 :o gave e> to ho/ile criticisms on 8 reports2 &1 al?\gh !y aft]w>ds made h&some ackn[l$gm5t ( 8 s]vices1 he felt 8 position to be altoge!r unsatisfactory4 ,he !re=e det]m9$ to leave at ! expiry ( 8 ?ree ye>s engagem5t1 & communicat$ 8 decision to ! directors accord+ly4 ,on receiv+ 8 lett]1 ! ,bo>d1 ?r\gh ,mr4 ,ri*>dson1 ( ,lomb>d /reet1 "o ( ! directors1 communicat$ ) 8 fa!r at ,newca/le1 repres5t+ t if he w\ld all[ 8 son to rema9 9 ,colombia ! ,company w\ld make x wor? 8 :ile4 ,to ?is ! fa!r gave a decid$ negative1 & intimat$ t he himself ne$$ 8 son's assi/ance1 & t he mu/ return at ! expiry ( 8 ?ree ye>s' t]m1--a decision1 writes ,rob]t1 at :i* ,i feel mu* gratifi$1 z x is cle> t he is z anxi\s to h me back 9 ,engl& z ,i am to get !re4 #aii ,at ! same "t1 ,edw>d ,pease1 a pr9cipal p>tn] 9 ! ,newca/le firm1 privately wrote ,rob]t to ! foll[+ effect1 urg+ 8 return home3--,i c assure !e t ?y bus9ess at ,newca/le1 z well z ?y fa!r's eng9e]+1 h suff]$ v mu* f ?y abs5ce1 &1 unless ?\ soon return1 ! =m] w be giv5 up1 z ,mr4 ,longridge is n able to give x t att5tion x requires2 & :at is done is n done ) cr$it to ! h\se4 ,! idea ( ! manufactory be+ giv5 up1 :i* ,rob]t _h lab\r$ s h>d to e/abli% be=e leav+ ,engl&1 0 pa9ful to him 9 ! extreme1 & he wrote to ! manag] ( ! ,company1 /rongly urg+ t arrangem5ts %\ld be made = him to leave )\t delay4 ,9 ! mean "t he 0 aga9 laid pro/rate by ano!r viol5t attack ( agui% fev]2 & :5 able to write 9 ,june1 #ahbg1 he express$ himself z completely we>i$ & worn d[n ) vexation4 ,at l5g?1 :5 he 0 suffici5tly recov]$ f 8 attack & able to travel1 he set out on 8 voyage homew>d 9 ! beg9n+ ( ,augu/4 ,at ,mompox1 on 8 way d[n ! riv] ,magdal5a1 he met ,mr4 ,bodm]1 8 successor1 ) a fre% p>ty ( m9]s f ,engl&1 on _! way up ! c\ntry to ! qu>t]s :i* he _h j quitt$4 ,next day1 six h\rs aft] leav+ ,mompox1 a /eamboat 0 met asc5d+ ! riv]1 ) ,boliv> ! ,lib]ator on bo>d1 on 8 way to ,/4 ,bogota2 & x 0 a mortification to our eng9e] t he _h only a pass+ sight ( t di/+ui%$ p]son4 ,x 0 8 int5tion1 on leav+ ,m>iquita1 to visit ! ,i/hmus ( ,panama on 8 way home1 = ! purpose ( inquir+ into ! practicability ( cutt+ a canal to unite ! ,atlantic & ,pacific--a project :i* !n =m$ ! subject ( consid]able public discussion2 b 8 pres5ce be+ s anxi\sly desir$ at home1 he det]m9$ to proce$ to ,new ,york )\t delay4 ,arriv$ at ! port ( ,c>tag5a1 he _h to wait "s "t = a %ip4 ,! delay 0 v irksome to him1 ! m s z ! city 0 !n desolat$ by ! ravages ( ! yell[ fev]4 ,:ile sitt+ "o day 9 ! l>ge1 b>e1 com=tless public room at ! mis]able hotel at :i* he put up1 he obs]v$ two /rang]s1 :om he at once p]ceiv$ to be ,engli%4 ,"o ( ! /rang]s 0 a tall1 gaunt man1 %runk5 & holl[-look+1 %abbily dress$1 & app>5tly pov]ty-/rick54 ,on mak+ inquiry1 he f\nd x 0 ,trevi?ick1 ! build] ( ! fir/ railroad locomotive6 ,he 0 return+ home f ! gold-m9es ( ,p]u p5niless4 ,he _h left ,engl& 9 #ahaf1 ) p[]ful /eam-eng9es1 int5d$ = ! dra9age & work+ ( ! ,p]uvian m9es4 ,he met ) almo/ a royal reception on 8 l&+ at ,lima4 ,a gu>d ( hon\r 0 appo9t$ to att5d him1 & x 0 ev5 propos$ to erect a /atue ( ,don ,ric>do ,trevi?ick 9 solid silv]4 ,x 0 giv5 =? 9 ,cornwall t 8 emolum5ts am\nt$ to #ajj1jjj p\nds a ye>1 #bja & t he 0 mak+ a gigantic =tune4 ,great1 !re=e1 0 ,rob]t ,/eph5son's surprise to f9d ?is pot5t ,don ,ric>do 9 ! inn at ,c>tag5a1 r$uc$ almo/ to 8 la/ %ill+1 & unable to proce$ fur!r4 ,he _h inde$ realis$ ! tru? ( ! ,spani% prov]b1 t a silv]-m9e br+s mis]y1 a gold-m9e ru94 ,he & 8 fri5d _h lo/ ev]y?+ 9 _! j\rney across ! c\ntry f ,p]u4 ,!y _h =d$ riv]s & w&]$ ?r\gh =e/s1 leav+ all _! baggage beh9d !m1 & _h rea*$ ?us f> ) little m ?an ! clo!s ^u _! backs4 ,almo/ ! only remnant ( preci\s metal sav$ by ,trevi?ick 0 a pair ( silv] spurs1 :i* he took back ) him to ,cornwall4 ,rob]t ,/eph5son l5t him #ej p\nds to enable him to rea* ,engl&2 & ?\gh he 0 aft]w>ds he>d ( z an inv5tor !re1 he _h no fur!r "p 9 ! ultimate triumph ( ! locomotive4 ,b ,trevi?ick's misadv5tures on ?is occasion _h n yet end$1 = be=e he rea*$ ,new ,york he 0 wreck$1 & ,rob]t ,/eph5son ) him4 ,! foll[+ is ! acc\nt ( ! voyage1 big ) adv5tures1 z giv5 by ! latt] 9 a lett] to 8 fri5d ,ill+wor?3--,at fir/ we _h v little f\l wea!r1 & inde$ 7 = sev]al days becalm$ among/ ! isl&s1 :i* 0 s f> =tunate1 = a few degrees fur!r nor? ! mo/ trem5d\s gales 7 bl[+1 & !y appe> 7f our future in=mation7 to h wreck$ e vessel expos$ to _! viol5ce4 ,we _h two examples ( ! effects ( ! hurricane2 =1 z we sail$ nor? we took on bo>d ! rema9s ( two crews f\nd float+ ab\t on dismantl$ hulls4 ,! "o _h be5 n9e days )\t food ( any k9d1 except ! c>casses ( two ( _! companions :o _h di$ a day or two previ\sly f fatigue & hung]4 ,! o!r crew _h be5 driv5 ab\t = six days1 & 7 n s deject$1 b r$uc$ to su* a weak /ate t !y 7 oblig$ to be drawn on bo>d our vessel by ropes4 ,a brig b\nd = ,havannah took "p ( ! m51 & we took ! rema9d]4 ,to attempt any description ( my feel+s on witness+ su* sc5es w\ld be 9 va94 ,y w n be surpris$ to le>n t ,i felt some:at uneasy at ! ?\ght t we 7 s f> f ,engl&1 & t ,i also might possibly suff] simil> %ipwreck2 b ,i consol$ myself ) ! hope t fate w\ld be m k9d to u4 ,x 0 n s mu* s1 h[ev]1 z ,i _h flatt]$ myself2 = on voyag+ t[>ds ,new ,york1 aft] we _h made ! l&1 we ran agr\nd ab\t midnight4 ,! vessel soon fill$ ) wat]1 &1 be+ surr\nd$ by ! break+ surf1 ! %ip 0 soon split up1 & be=e morn+ our situation became p]il\s4 ,ma/s & all 7 cut away to prev5t ! hull rock+2 b all we c\ld d 0 ( no avail4 ,ab\t #h o'clock on ! foll[+ morn+1 aft] a mo/ mis]able night1 we 7 tak5 (f ! wreck1 & 7 s =tunate z to rea* ! %ore4 ,i sav$ my m9]als1 b ,empson lo/ "p ( 8 botanical collection4 ,^u ! :ole1 we got (f well2 &1 _h ,i n be5 on ! ,am]ican side ( ! ,atlantic1 ,i 'guess' ,i w\ld n h gone to sea aga94 ,aft] a %ort t\r 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates & ,canada1 ,rob]t ,/eph5son & 8 fri5d took %ip = ,liv]pool1 :]e !y arriv$ at ! end ( ,novemb]1 & at once proce$$ to ,newca/le4 ,! factory 0 by no means 9 a prosp]\s /ate4 ,dur+ ! "t ,rob]t _h be5 9 ,am]ica x _h be5 c>ri$ on at a loss2 & ,edw>d ,pease1 mu* di%e>t5$1 wi%$ to retire1 b ,george ,/eph5son 0 unable to buy him out1 & ! e/abli%m5t _h to be c>ri$ on 9 ! hope t ! locomotive might yet be e/abli%$ 9 public e/imation z a practical & economical work+ p[]4 ,rob]t ,/eph5son imm$iately in/itut$ a rigid inquiry into ! work+ ( ! conc]n1 unravell$ ! acc\nts1 :i* _h fall5 into confusion dur+ 8 fa!r's abs5ce at ,liv]pool2 & he soon succe$$ 9 plac+ ! affairs ( ! factory 9 a m heal?y condition4 ,9 all ?is he _h ! he>ty support ( 8 fa!r1 z well z ( ! o!r p>tn]s4 ,! works ( ! ,liv]pool & ,man*e/] ,railway 7 n[ approa*+ completion4 ,b1 s+ul> to say1 ! directors _h n yet decid$ z to ! tractive p[] to be employ$ 9 work+ ! l9e :5 op5$ = traffic4 ,! diff]5ces ( op9ion among !m 7 s great z app>5tly to be irreconcilable4 ,x 0 necess>y1 h[ev]1 t !y %\ld come to "s decision )\t fur!r loss ( "t2 & _m ,bo>d meet+s 7 accord+ly held to discuss ! subject4 ,! old-fa%ion$ & well-tri$ sy/em ( horse haulage 0 n )\t its advocates2 b1 look+ at ! l>ge am\nt ( traffic :i* !re 0 to be convey$1 & at ! probable delay 9 ! transit f /ation to /ation if ?is me?od 7 adopt$1 ! directors1 aft] a visit made by !m to ! ,nor?umb]l& & ,durham railways 9 #ahbh1 came to ! conclusion t ! employm5t ( horse p[] 0 inadmissible4 ,fix$ eng9es _h _m advocates2 ! locomotive v few3 x /ood z yet almo/ 9 a m9ority ( "o--,george ,/eph5son4 ,! prejudice aga9/ ! employm5t ( ! latt] p[] _h ev5 increas$ s9ce ! ,liv]pool & ,man*e/] ,bill und]w5t its fir/ ordeal 9 ! ,h\se ( ,commons4 ,9 pro( ( ?is1 we may m5tion t ! ,newca/le & ,c>lisle ,railway ,act 0 conc$$ 9 #ahbi1 on ! express condition t x %\ld n be work$ by locomotives1 b by horses only4 ,grave d\bts exi/$ z to ! practicability ( work+ a l>ge traffic by means ( travell+ eng9es4 ,! mo/ celebrat$ eng9e]s (f]$ no op9ion on ! subject4 ,!y did n believe 9 ! locomotive1 & w\ld sc>cely take ! tr\ble to exam9e x4 ,! ridicule ) :i* ,george ,/eph5son _h be5 assail$ by ! b>ri/]s be=e ! ,p>liam5t>y ,committee _h n be5 altoge!r di/a/eful to !m4 ,p]haps !y did n reli% ! idea ( a man :o _h pick$ up 8 exp]i5ce 9 ,newca/le coal-pits appe>+ 9 ! capacity ( a lead+ eng9e] be=e ,p>liam5t1 & attempt+ to e/abli% a new sy/em ( int]nal communication 9 ! c\ntry4 ,! directors c\ld n disreg>d ! adv]se & conflict+ views ( ! pr(essional m5 :om !y consult$4 ,b ,mr4 ,/eph5son _h s repeat$ly & e>ne/ly urg$ ^u !m ! propriety ( mak+ a trial ( ! locomotive be=e com+ to any decision aga9/ x1 t !y at l5g? au?oris$ him to proce$ ) ! con/ruction ( "o ( 8 eng9es by way ( exp]im5t4 ,9 _! report to ! proprietors at _! annual meet+ on1 ! #bg? ,m>*1 #ahbh1 !y /ate t !y _h1 aft] due consid]ation1 au?oris$ ! eng9e] to prep>e a locomotive eng9e1 :i*1 f ! nature ( its con/ruction & f ! exp]im5ts already made1 he is ( op9ion w be effective = ! purposes ( ! ,company1 )\t prov+ an annoyance to ! public4 ,! locomotive ?us ord]$ 0 plac$ ^u ! l9e 9 #ahbi1 & 0 f\nd ( great s]vice 9 draw+ ! waggons full ( m>l f ! two great cutt+s4 ,9 ! mean "t ! discussion proce$$ z to ! k9d ( p[] to be p]man5tly employ$ = ! work+ ( ! railway4 ,! directors 7 inundat$ ) s*emes ( all sorts = facilitat+ locomotion4 ,! projectors ( ,engl&1 ,france1 & ,am]ica1 seem$ to be let loose ^u !m4 ,!re 7 plans = work+ ! waggons along ! l9e by wat] p[]4 ,"s propos$ hydrog51 & o!rs c>bonic acid gas4 ,atmosph]ic pressure _h its eag] advocates4 ,& v>i\s k9ds ( fix$ & locomotive /eam-p[] 7 sugge/$4 ,?omas ,gray urg$ 8 plan ( a greas$ road ) cog rails2 & ,messrs4 ,vignolles & ,ericsson recomm5d$ ! adoption ( a c5tral friction rail1 aga9/ :i* two horizontal roll]s "u ! locomotive1 press+ ^u ! sides ( ?is rail1 7 to af=d ! means ( asc5d+ ! incl9$ planes4 ,! directors felt !mselves q unable to *oose f amid/ ?is multitude ( projects4 ,! eng9e] express$ himself z decid$ly z h]et(ore 9 fav\r ( smoo? rails & locomotive eng9es1 :i*1 he 0 confid5t1 w\ld be f\nd ! mo/ economical & by f> ! mo/ conv5i5t mov+ p[] t c\ld be employ$4 ,! ,/ockton & ,d>l+ton ,railway be+ n[ at "w1 ano!r deputation w5t d[n p]sonally to inspect ! fix$ & locomotive eng9es on t l9e1 z well z at ,hetton & ,kill+wor?4 ,!y return$ to ,liv]pool ) mu* in=mation2 b _! te/imony z to ! relative m]its ( ! two k9ds ( eng9es 0 s contradictory1 t ! directors 7 z f> f a decision z ev]4 ,!y !n resolv$ to call to _! aid two pr(essional eng9e]s ( high /&+1 :o %\ld visit ! ,d>l+ton & ,newca/le railways1 c>efully exam9e bo? modes ( work+--! fix$ & ! locomotive1--& report to !m fully on ! subject4 ,! g5tlem5 select$ 7 ,mr4 ,walk] ( ,limeh\se1 & ,mr4 ,ra/rick ( ,/\rbridge4 ,aft] c>efully exam9+ ! modes ( work+ ! nor!rn railways1 !y made _! report to ! directors 9 ! spr+ ( #ahbi4 ,!y concurr$ 9 ! op9ion t ! co/ ( an e/abli%m5t ( fix$ eng9es w\ld be some:at great] ?an t ( locomotives to d ! same "w2 b ?\ght ! annual *>ge w\ld be less if ! =m] 7 adopt$4 ,!y calculat$ t ! co/ ( mov+ a ton ( goods ?irty miles by fix$ eng9es w\ld be #f4dj;d41 & by locomotives1 #h4cf;d41--assum+ a pr(itable traffic to be obta9$ bo? ways4 ,at ! same "t x 0 admitt$ t !re appe>$ m gr\nd = expect+ improvem5ts 9 ! con/ruction & work+ ( locomotives ?an ( /ation>y eng9es4 ,on ! :ole1 h[ev]1 & look+ especially at ! comput$ annual *>ge ( work+ ! road on ! two sy/ems on a l>ge scale1 ! two report+ eng9e]s 7 ( op9ion t fix$ eng9es 7 pref]able1 & accord+ly recomm5d$ _! adoption4 ,&1 9 ord] to c>ry ! sy/em recomm5d$ by !m into effect1 !y propos$ to divide ! railroad betwe5 ,liv]pool & ,man*e/] into n9ete5 /ages ( ab\t a mile & a half ea*1 ) tw5ty-"o eng9es fix$ at ! diff]5t po9ts to "w ! tra9s =w>d4 ,su* 0 ! result1 s f>1 ( ,george ,/eph5son's lab\rs4 ,two ( ! be/ practical eng9e]s ( ! day concurr$ 9 report+ sub/antially 9 fav\r ( ! employm5t ( fix$ eng9es4 ,n a s+le pr(essional man ( em95ce support$ ! eng9e] 9 8 pref]5ce = locomotive ov] fix$ eng9e p[]4 ,he _h sc>cely an adh]5t1 & ! locomotive sy/em seem$ on ! eve ( be+ ab&on$4 ,/ill he did n despair4 ,) ! pr(ession z well z public op9ion aga9/ him--= ! mo/ frightful /ories 7 abroad respect+ ! dang]s1 ! unsightl9ess1 & ! nuisance :i* ! locomotive w\ld create--,/eph5son held to 8 purpose4 ,ev5 9 ?is1 app>5tly ! d>ke/ h\r ( ! locomotive1 he did n hesitate to decl>e t locomotive railroads w\ld1 be=e _m ye>s _h pass$1 be ! great highways ( ! _w4 ,he urg$ 8 views ^u ! directors 9 all ways1 &1 z "s ( !m ?\ght1 at all seasons4 ,he po9t$ out ! great] conv5i5ce ( locomotive p[] = ! purposes ( a public highway1 lik5+ x to a s]ies ( %ort unconnect$ *a9s1 any "o ( :i* c\ld be remov$ & ano!r sub/itut$ )\t int]ruption to ! traffic2 :]eas ! fix$ eng9e sy/em might be reg>d$ 9 ! light ( a cont9u\s *a9 ext5d+ betwe5 ! two t]m9i1 ! failure ( any l9k ( :i* w\ld d]ange ! :ole4 #bjf ,he repres5t$ to ! ,bo>d t ! locomotive 0 yet capable ( great improvem5ts1 if prop] inducem5ts 7 held out to inv5tors & ma*9i/s to make !m2 & he pl$g$ himself t1 if "t 7 giv5 him1 he w\ld con/ruct an eng9e t %\ld satisfy _! requirem5ts1 & prove itself capable ( work+ heavy loads along ! railway ) spe$1 regul>ity & safety4 ,at l5g?1 influ5c$ by 8 p]si/5t e>ne/ness n less ?an by 8 argum5ts1 ! directors1 at ! sugge/ion ( ,mr4 ,h>rison1 det]m9$ to (f] a prize ( #ejj p\nds = ! be/ locomotive eng9e1 :i*1 on a c]ta9 day1 %\ld be produc$ on ! railway1 & p]=m c]ta9 specifi$ conditions 9 ! mo/ satisfactory mann]4 #bjg ,x 0 n[ felt t ! fate ( railways 9 a great measure dep5d$ ^u ! issue ( ?is appeal to ! me*anical g5ius ( ,engl&4 ,:5 ! adv]tisem5t ( ! prize = ! be/ locomotive 0 publi%$1 sci5tific m5 began m p>ticul>ly to direct _! att5tion to ! new p[] :i* 0 ?us /ruggl+ into exi/5ce4 ,9 ! mean "t public op9ion on ! subject ( railway work+ rema9$ susp5d$1 & ! progress ( ! und]tak+ 0 wat*$ ) int5se int]e/4 ,dur+ ! progress ( ! discussion ) ref]5ce to ! k9d ( p[] to be employ$1 ,mr4 ,/eph5son 0 9 con/ant communication ) 8 son ,rob]t1 :o made frequ5t visits to ,liv]pool = ! purpose ( assi/+ 8 fa!r 9 ! prep>ation ( 8 reports to ! ,bo>d on ! subject4 ,!y _h also _m conv]sations z to ! be/ mode ( increas+ ! p[]s & p]fect+ ! me*anism ( ! locomotive4 ,^! became m frequ5t & int]e/+1 :5 ! prize 0 (f]$ = ! be/ locomotive1 & ! work+ plans ( ! eng9e :i* !y propos$ to con/ruct came to be settl$4 ,"o ( ! mo/ important consid]ations 9 ! new eng9e 0 ! arrangem5t ( ! boil] & ! ext5sion ( its heat+ surface to enable /eam en\gh to be rais$ rapidly & cont9u\sly1 = ! purpose ( ma9ta9+ high rates ( spe$1--! effect ( high-pressure eng9es be+ asc]ta9$ to dep5d ma9ly ^u ! quantity ( /eam :i* ! boil] c g5]ate1 & ^u its degree ( ela/icity :5 produc$4 ,! quantity ( /eam s g5]at$1 x w be obvi\s1 mu/ dep5d *iefly ^u ! quantity ( fuel consum$ 9 ! furnace1 & by necess>y consequ5ce1 ^u ! high rate ( temp]ature ma9ta9$ !re4 ,x w be rememb]$ t 9 ,/eph5son's fir/ ,kill+wor? eng9es he inv5t$ & appli$ ! +5i\s me?od ( /imulat+ combu/ion 9 ! furnace1 by ?r[+ ! wa/e /eam into ! *imney aft] p]=m+ its (fice 9 ! cyl9d]s1 ?us accel]at+ ! asc5t ( ! curr5t ( air1 greatly increas+ ! draught1 & consequ5tly ! temp]ature ( ! fire4 ,?is plan 0 adopt$ by him1 z we h already se51 z e>ly z #ahae2 & x 0 s successful t he himself attribut$ to x ! great] economy ( ! locomotive z comp>$ ) horse p[]4 ,h5ce ! cont9uance ( its use ^u ! ,kill+wor? ,railway4 ,?\gh ! adoption ( ! /eam-bla/ greatly quick5$ combu/ion & contribut$ to ! rapid production ( high-pressure /eam1 ! limit$ am\nt ( heat+ surface pres5t$ to ! fire 0 /ill felt to be an ob/acle to ! complete success ( ! locomotive eng9e4 ,mr4 ,/eph5son endeav\r$ to ov]come ?is by l5g!n+ ! boil]s & increas+ ! surface pres5t$ by ! flue-tubes4 ,! ,lanca%ire ,wit*1 :i* he built = ! ,bolton & ,leigh ,railway1 & us$ 9 =m+ ! ,liv]pool & ,man*e/] ,railway embankm5ts1 0 con/ruct$ ) a d\ble tube1 ea* ( :i* conta9$ a fire & pass$ longitud9ally ?r\gh ! boil]4 ,b ?is arrangem5t necess>ily l$ to a consid]able increase 9 ! weight ( ! eng9e1 :i* am\nt$ to ab\t twelve tons2 & z six tons 0 ! limit all[$ = eng9es admitt$ to ! ,liv]pool competition1 x 0 cle> t ! "t 0 come :5 ! ,kill+wor? locomotive mu/ und]go a fur!r important modification4 ,= _m ye>s previ\s to ?is p]iod1 +5i\s me*anics _h be5 engag$ 9 attempt+ to solve ! problem ( ! be/ & mo/ economical boil] = ! production ( high-pressure /eam4 ,z e>ly z #ahjc1 ,mr4 ,woolf pat5t$ a tubul> boil]1 :i* 0 ext5sively employ$ at ! ,corni% m9es1 & 0 f\nd greatly to facilitate ! production ( /eam1 by ! ext5sion ( ! heat+ surface4 ,! +5i\s ,trevi?ick1 9 8 pat5t ( #ahae1 seems also to h ent]ta9$ ! idea ( employ+ a boil] con/ruct$ ( small p]p5dicul> tubes1 ) ! same object ( increas+ ! heat+ surface4 ,^! tubes 7 to be clos$ at ! bottom1 & op5 into a common res]voir1 f :i* !y 7 to receive _! wat]1 & :]e ! /eam ( all ! tubes 0 to be unit$4 ,ab\t ! same "t ,george ,/eph5son 0 try+ ! effect ( introduc+ small tubes 9 ! boil]s ( 8 locomotives1 ) ! object ( increas+ _! evaporative p[]4 ,?us1 9 #ahbi1 he s5t to ,france two eng9es con/ruct$ at ! ,newca/le works = ! ,lyons & ,/4 ,eti5ne ,railway1 9 ! boil]s ( :i* tubes 7 plac$ conta9+ wat]4 ,! heat+ surface 0 ?us f\nd to be mat]ially increas$2 b ! exp$i5t 0 n successful1 = ! tubes1 becom+ furr$ ) deposit1 %ortly burn$ out & 7 remov$4 ,x 0 !n t ,m4 ,segu91 ! eng9e] ( ! railway1 pursu+ ! same idea1 adopt$ 8 plan ( employ+ horizontal tubes ?r\gh :i* ! heat$ air pass$ 9 /reamlets4 ,mr4 ,h5ry ,boo?1 ! secret>y ( ! ,liv]pool & ,man*e/] ,railway1 )\t any k ( ,m4 ,segu9's proce$+s1 next devis$ 8 plan ( a tubul> boil]1 :i* he br\ght "u ! notice ( ,mr4 ,/eph5son1 :o at once adopt$ x1 & settl$ ! mode 9 :i* ! fire-box & tubes 7 to be mutually arrang$ & connect$4 ,?is plan 0 adopt$ 9 ! con/ruction ( ! celebrat$ ,rocket eng9e1 ! build+ ( :i* 0 imm$iately proce$$ ) at ! ,newca/le works4 ,! pr9cipal circum/ances connect$ ) ! con/ruction ( ! ,rocket1 z describ$ by ,rob]t ,/eph5son to ! au?or1 may be briefly /at$4 ,! tubul> pr9ciple 0 adopt$ 9 a m complete mann] ?an _h yet be5 attempt$4 ,tw5ty-five copp] tubes1 ea* ?ree in*es 9 diamet]1 ext5d$ f "o end ( ! boil] to ! o!r1 ! heat$ air pass+ ?r\gh !m on its way to ! *imney2 & ! tubes be+ surr\nd$ by ! wat] ( ! boil]1 x w be obvi\s t a l>ge ext5sion ( ! heat+ surface 0 ?us effectually secur$4 ,! pr9cipal difficulty 0 9 fitt+ ! copp] tubes )9 ! boil] s z to prev5t leakage4 ,!y 7 made by a ,newca/le copp]smi?1 & sold]$ to brass screws :i* 7 screw$ into ! boil] ends1 /&+ out 9 great knobs4 ,:5 ! tubes 7 ?us fitt$1 & ! boil] 0 fill$ ) wat]1 hydraulic pressure 0 appli$2 b ! wat] squirt$ out at e jo9t1 & ! factory floor 0 soon flood$4 ,rob]t w5t home 9 despair2 & 9 ! fir/ mom5t ( grief1 he wrote to 8 fa!r t ! :ole ?+ 0 a failure4 ,by return ( po/ came a lett] f 8 fa!r1 tell+ him t despair 0 n to be ?\ght (--t he mu/ try aga92 & he sugge/$ a mode ( ov]com+ ! difficulty1 :i* 8 son _h already anticipat$ & proce$$ to adopt4 ,x 01 to bore clean holes 9 ! boil] ends1 fit 9 ! smoo? copp] tubes z tightly z possible1 sold] up1 & !n raise ! /eam4 ,?is plan succe$$ p]fectly1 ! expansion ( ! copp] tubes completely fill+ up all int]/ices1 & produc+ a p]fectly wat]tight boil]1 capable ( )/&+ extreme int]nal pressure4 ,! mode ( employ+ ! /eam-bla/ = ! purpose ( increas+ ! draught 9 ! *imney1 0 also ! subject ( num]\s exp]im5ts4 ,:5 ! eng9e 0 fir/ tri$1 x 0 ?\ght t ! bla/ 9 ! *imney 0 n /rong en\gh to keep up ! int5sity ( ! fire 9 ! furnace1 s z to produce high-pressure /eam 9 suffici5t quantity4 ,! exp$i5t 0 !re=e adopt$ ( hamm]+ ! copp] tubes at ! po9t at :i* !y ent]$ ! *imney1 :]eby ! bla/ 0 consid]ably %>p5$2 & on a fur!r trial x 0 f\nd t ! draught 0 increas$ to su* an ext5t z to enable abundance ( /eam to be rais$4 ,! rationale ( ! bla/ may be simply expla9$ by ref]r+ to ! effect ( contract+ ! pipe ( a wat]-hose1 by :i* ! =ce ( ! jet ( wat] is proportionately increas$4 ,wid5 ! nozzle ( ! pipe1 & ! =ce is 9 l mann] dim9i%$4 ,s is x ) ! /eam-bla/ 9 ! *imney ( ! locomotive4 ,d\bts 71 h[ev]1 express$ :e!r ! great] draught secur$ by ! contraction ( ! bla/-pipe 0 n c\nt]balanc$ 9 "s degree by ! negative pressure ^u ! pi/on4 ,a s]ies ( exp]im5ts 0 made ) pipes ( diff]5t diamet]s2 ! am\nt ( vacuum produc$ be+ det]m9$ by a glass tube op5 at bo? ends1 :i* 0 fix$ to ! bottom ( ! smoke-box1 & desc5d$ into a bucket ( wat]4 ,z ! r>efaction took place1 ! wat] w\ld ( c\rse rise 9 ! tube2 & ! height to :i* x rose above ! surface ( ! wat] 9 ! bucket 0 made ! measure ( ! am\nt ( r>efaction4 ,^! exp]im5ts prov$ t a consid]able increase ( draught 0 obta9$ by ! contraction ( ! orifice2 accord+ly1 ! two bla/-pipes op5+ f ! cyl9d]s into ei!r side ( ! ,rocket *imney1 & turn$ up )9 x1 7 contract$ slightly bel[ ! area ( ! /eam-ports2 & be=e ! eng9e left ! factory1 ! wat] rose 9 ! glass tube ?ree in*es above ! wat] 9 ! bucket4 ,picture3 ,! ,rocket ,! o!r arrangem5ts ( ! ,rocket 7 briefly ^!3--! boil] 0 cyl9drical ) flat ends1 #f feet 9 l5g?1 & #c feet #d in*es 9 diamet]4 ,! upp] half ( ! boil] 0 us$ z a res]voir = ! /eam1 ! l[] half be+ fill$ ) wat]4 ,?r\gh ! l[] "p1 #be copp] tubes ( #c in*es diamet] ext5d$1 :i* 7 op5 to ! fire-box at "o end1 & to ! *imney at ! o!r4 ,! fire-box1 or furnace1 #b feet wide & #c feet high1 0 atta*$ imm$iately beh9d ! boil]1 & 0 also surr\nd$ ) wat]4 ,! cyl9d]s ( ! eng9e 7 plac$ on ea* side ( ! boil]1 9 an oblique position1 "o end be+ ne>ly level ) ! top ( ! boil] at its aft] end1 & ! o!r po9t+ t[>ds ! c5tre ( ! =emo/ or driv+ pair ( :eels1 ) :i* ! connection 0 directly made f ! pi/on-rod1 to a p9 on ! outside ( ! :eel4 ,! eng9e1 toge!r ) its load ( wat]1 weigh$ only #d4be tons1 & 0 support$ on f\r :eels1 n c\pl$4 ,! t5d] 0 f\r-:eel$1 & simil> 9 %ape to a waggon1--! =emo/ "p hold+ ! fuel1 & ! h9d "p a wat]-cask4 ,:5 ! ,rocket 0 f9i%$1 x 0 plac$ ^u ! ,kill+wor? railway = ! purpose ( exp]im5t4 ,! new boil] arrangem5t 0 f\nd p]fectly successful4 ,! /eam 0 rais$ rapidly & cont9u\sly1 & 9 a quantity :i* !n appe>$ m>vell\s4 ,! same ev5+ ,rob]t despat*$ a lett] to 8 fa!r at ,liv]pool1 in=m+ him1 to 8 great joy1 t ! ,rocket 0 all "r1 & w\ld be 9 complete work+ trim by ! day ( trial4 ,! eng9e 0 %ortly aft] s5t by waggon to ,c>lisle1 & !nce %ipp$ = ,liv]pool4 ,! "t s mu* long$ = by ,george ,/eph5son _h n[ arriv$1 :5 ! m]it ( ! pass5g] locomotive 0 to be put to a public te/4 ,he _h f\ght ! battle = x until n[ almo/ s+le-h&$4 ,engross$ by 8 daily lab\rs & anxieties1 & h>ass$ by difficulties & disc\ragem5ts :i* w\ld h cru%$ ! _s ( a less resolute man1 he _h held firmly to 8 purpose ?r\gh good & ?r\gh evil report4 ,! ho/ility :i* he exp]i5c$ f "s ( ! directors oppos$ to ! adoption ( ! locomotive1 0 ! circum/ance t caus$ him ! greate/ grief ( all2 = :]e he _h look$ = enc\ragem5t1 he f\nd only c>p+ & opposition4 ,b 8 pluck nev] fail$ him2 & n[ ! ,rocket 0 ^u ! gr\nd1--to prove1 to use 8 own words1 :e!r he 0 a man ( 8 ^w or n4 ,great int]e/ 0 felt at ,liv]pool1 z well z ?r\gh\t ! c\ntry1 9 ! approa*+ competition4 ,eng9e]s1 sci5tific m51 & me*anics1 arriv$ f all qu>t]s to witness ! novel display ( me*anical +5uity on :i* su* great results dep5d$4 ,! public g5]ally 7 no indiff]5t spectators ei!r4 ,! inhabitants ( ,liv]pool1 ,man*e/]1 & ! adjac5t t[ns felt t ! successful issue ( ! exp]im5t w\ld conf] ^u !m individual b5efits & local advantages almo/ incalculable1 :il/ populations at a di/ance wait$ = ! result ) almo/ equal int]e/4 ,on ! day appo9t$ = ! great competition ( locomotives at ,ra9hill1 ! foll[+ eng9es 7 ent]$ = ! prize3-- #a4 ,messrs4 ,brai?waite & ,ericsson's ,novelty4 #bad #b4 ,mr4 ,timo?y ,hackwor?'s ,sansp>eil4 #c4 ,messrs4 ,r4 ,/eph5son & ,co4's ,rocket4 #d4 ,mr4 ,bur/all's ,p]sev]ance4 ,ano!r eng9e 0 ent]$ by ,mr4 ,br&re? ( ,liv]pool--! ,cyclop$1 weigh+ #c tons1 work$ by a horse 9 a frame1 b x c\ld n be admitt$ to ! competition4 ,! above 7 ! only f\r exhibit$1 out ( a consid]able numb] ( eng9es con/ruct$ 9 diff]5t p>ts ( ! c\ntry 9 anticipation ( ?is conte/1 _m ( :i* c\ld n be satisfactorily complet$ by ! day ( trial4 ,! gr\nd on :i* ! eng9es 7 to be tri$ 0 a level piece ( railroad1 ab\t two miles 9 l5g?4 ,ea* 0 requir$ to make tw5ty trips1 or equal to a j\rney ( #gj miles1 9 ! c\rse ( ! day2 & ! av]age rate ( travell+ 0 to be n "u #aj miles an h\r4 ,x 0 det]m9$ t1 to avoid confusion1 ea* eng9e %\ld be tri$ sep>ately1 & on diff]5t days4 ,picture3 ,locomotive competition at ,ra9hill ,! day fix$ = ! competition 0 ! #a/ ( ,octob]1 b to all[ suffici5t "t to get ! locomotives into good work+ ord]1 ! directors ext5d$ x to ! #f?4 ,on ! morn+ ( ! #f?1 ! gr\nd at ,ra9hill pres5t$ a lively appe>ance1 & !re 0 z mu* excitem5t z if ! ,/4 ,leg] 7 ab\t to be run4 ,_m ?\s& spectators look$ on1 among/ :om 7 "s ( ! fir/ eng9e]s & me*anicians ( ! day4 ,a /& 0 provid$ = ! ladies2 ! beauty & fa%ion ( ! neighb\rhood 7 pres5t1 & ! side ( ! railroad 0 l9$ ) c>riages ( all descriptions4 ,x 0 q *>act]i/ic ( ! ,/eph5sons1 t1 al?\gh _! eng9e did n /& fir/ on ! li/ = trial1 x 0 ! fir/ t 0 ready2 & x 0 accord+ly ord]$ out by ! judges = an exp]im5tal trip4 ,yet ! ,rocket 0 by no means ! fav\rite ) ei!r ! judges or ! spectators4 ,a majority ( ! judges 0 /rongly pr$ispos$ 9 fav\r ( ! ,novelty1 & n9e-t5?s ( ^? pres5t 7 aga9/ ! ,rocket because ( its appe>ance4 ,ne>ly e p]son fav\r$ "s o!r eng9e1 s t !re 0 no?+ = ! ,rocket b ! practical te/4 ,! fir/ trip :i* x made 0 q successful4 ,x ran ab\t #ab miles1 )\t int]ruption1 9 ab\t #ec m9utes4 ,! ,novelty 0 next call$ out4 ,x 0 a light eng9e1 v compact 9 appe>ance1 c>ry+ ! wat] & fuel ^u ! same :eels z ! eng9e4 ,! weight ( ! :ole 0 only #c tons & #a hundr$weight4 ,a peculi>ity ( ?is eng9e 0 t ! air 0 driv5 or =c$ ?r\gh ! fire by means ( bell[s4 ,! day be+ n[ f> advanc$1 & "s dispute hav+ aris5 z to ! me?od ( assign+ ! prop] load = ! ,novelty1 no p>ticul> exp]im5t 0 made1 fur!r ?an t ! eng9e trav]s$ ! l9e by way ( exhibition1 occasionally mov+ at ! rate ( #bd miles an h\r4 ,! ,sansp>eil1 con/ruct$ by ,mr4 ,timo?y ,hackwor?1 0 next exhibit$2 b no p>ticul> exp]im5t 0 made ) x on ?is day4 ,! conte/ 0 po/pon$ until ! foll[+ day1 b be=e ! judges arriv$ on ! gr\nd1 ! bell[s = creat+ ! bla/ 9 ! ,novelty gave way1 & x 0 f\nd incapable ( go+ ?r\gh its p]=mance4 ,a defect 0 also detect$ 9 ! boil] ( ! ,sansp>eil2 & "s fur!r "t 0 all[$ to get x repair$4 ,! l>ge numb] ( spectators :o _h assembl$ to witness ! conte/ 7 greatly disappo9t$ at ?is po/ponem5t2 b1 to less5 x1 ,/eph5son aga9 br\ght out ! ,rocket1 &1 atta*+ to x a coa* conta9+ ?irty p]sons1 he ran !m along ! l9e at ! rate ( f #bd to #cj miles an h\r1 mu* to _! gratification & amazem5t4 ,be=e sep>at+1 ! judges ord]$ ! eng9e to be 9 read9ess by eight o'clock on ! foll[+ morn+1 to g ?r\gh its def9itive trial accord+ to ! prescrib$ conditions4 ,on ! morn+ ( ! #h? ,octob]1 ! ,rocket 0 aga9 ready = ! conte/4 ,! eng9e 0 tak5 to ! extremity ( ! /age1 ! fire-box 0 fill$ ) coke1 ! fire light$1 & ! /eam rais$ until x lift$ ! safety-valve load$ to a pressure ( #ej p\nds to ! squ>e in*4 ,?is proce$+ occupi$ fifty-sev5 m9utes4 ,! eng9e !n />t$ on its j\rney1 dragg+ aft] x ab\t #ac tons weight 9 waggons1 & made ! fir/ t5 trips backw>ds & =w>ds along ! two miles ( road1 runn+ ! #ce miles1 includ+ /oppages1 9 "o h\r & #dh m9utes4 ,! second t5 trips 7 9 l mann] p]=m$ 9 #b h\rs & #c m9utes4 ,! maximum velocity atta9$ dur+ ! trial trip 0 #bi miles an h\r1 or ab\t ?ree times ! spe$ t "o ( ! judges ( ! competition _h decl>$ to be ! limit ( possibility4 ,! av]age spe$ at :i* ! :ole ( ! j\rneys 7 p]=m$ 0 #ae miles an h\r1 or #e miles beyond ! rate specifi$ 9 ! conditions publi%$ by ! ,company4 ,! entire p]=mance excit$ ! greate/ a/oni%m5t among/ ! assembl$ spectators2 ! directors felt confid5t t _! ent]prise 0 n[ on ! eve ( success2 & ,george ,/eph5son rejoic$ to ?9k t 9 spite ( all false prophets & fickle c\nsellors1 ! locomotive sy/em 0 n[ safe4 ,:5 ! ,rocket1 hav+ p]=m$ all ! conditions ( ! conte/1 arriv$ at ! gr& /& at ! close ( its day's successful run1 ,mr4 ,cropp]--"o ( ! directors fav\rable to ! fix$-eng9e sy/em--lift$ up 8 h&s1 & exclaim$1 ,n[ has ,george ,/eph5son at la/ deliv]$ himself6 ,nei!r ! ,novelty nor ! ,sansp>eil 0 ready = trial until ! #aj?1 on ! morn+ ( :i* day an adv]tisem5t appe>$1 /at+ t ! =m] eng9e 0 to be tri$ on t day1 :5 x w\ld p]=m m "w ?an any eng9e ^u ! gr\nd4 ,! weight ( ! c>riages atta*$ to x 0 only ab\t #g tons4 ,! eng9e pass$ ! fir/ po/ 9 good /yle2 b 9 return+1 ! pipe f ! =c+-pump bur/ & put an end to ! trial4 ,! pipe 0 aft]w>ds repair$1 & ! eng9e made sev]al trips by itself1 9 :i* x 0 said to h gone at ! rate ( f #bd to #bh miles an h\r4 ,! ,sansp>eil 0 n ready until ! #ac?2 & :5 its boil] & t5d] 7 fill$ ) wat]1 x 0 f\nd to weigh #d cwt4 beyond ! weight specifi$ 9 ! publi%$ conditions z ! limit ( f\r-:eel$ eng9es2 nev]!less ! judges all[$ x to run on ! same foot+ z ! o!r eng9es1 to enable !m to asc]ta9 :e!r its m]its entitl$ x to fav\rable consid]ation4 ,x travell$ at ! av]age spe$ ( ab\t #ad miles an h\r1 ) its load atta*$2 b at ! eigh? trip ! cold-wat] pump got wrong1 & ! eng9e c\ld proce$ no fur!r4 ,x 0 det]m9$ to aw>d ! premium to ! successful eng9e on ! foll[+ day1 ! #ad?1 on :i* occasion !re 0 an unusual assemblage ( spectators4 ,! own]s ( ! ,novelty plead$ = ano!r trial2 & x 0 conc$$4 ,b aga9 x broke d[n4 ,! own] ( ! ,sansp>eil also reque/$ ! opportunity = mak+ ano!r trial ( 8 eng9e4 ,b ! judges _h n[ _h en\gh ( failures2 & !y decl9$1 on ! gr\nd t n only 0 ! eng9e above ! /ipulat$ weight1 b t x 0 con/ruct$ on a plan :i* !y c\ld n recomm5d = adoption by ! directors ( ! ,company4 ,"o ( ! pr9cipal practical objections to ?is locomotive 0 ! enorm\s quantity ( coke consum$ or wa/$ by x--ab\t #fib lbs4 p] h\r :5 travell+--caus$ by ! %>pness ( ! /eam-bla/ 9 ! *imney1 :i* blew a l>ge proportion ( ! burn+ coke into ! air4 ,! ,p]sev]ance 0 f\nd unable to move at m ?an five or six miles an h\r2 & x 0 )drawn f ! conte/ at an e>ly p]iod4 ,! ,rocket 0 ?us ! only eng9e t _h p]=m$1 & m ?an p]=m$1 all ! /ipulat$ conditions2 & its own]s 7 decl>$ to be fully entitl$ to ! prize ( #ejj p\nds1 :i* 0 aw>d$ to ! ,messrs4 ,/eph5son & ,boo? accord+ly4 ,& fur!r1 to %[ t ! eng9e _h be5 work+ q )9 its p[]s1 ,mr4 ,/eph5son ord]$ x to be br\ght ^u ! gr\nd & deta*$ f all incumbrances1 :51 9 mak+ two trips1 x 0 f\nd to travel at ! a/oni%+ rate ( #ce miles an h\r4 ,! ,rocket _h ?us eclips$ ! p]=mances ( all locomotive eng9es t _h yet be5 con/ruct$1 & out/ripp$ ev5 ! sangu9e expectations ( its con/ructors4 ,x satisfactorily answ]$ ! report ( ,messrs4 ,walk] & ,ra/rick2 & e/abli%$ ! effici5cy ( ! locomotive = work+ ! ,liv]pool & ,man*e/] ,railway1 & inde$ all future railways4 ,! ,rocket %[$ t a new p[] _h be5 born into ! _w1 full ( activity & /r5g?1 ) b\ndless capability ( "w4 ,x 0 ! simple b admirable contrivance ( ! /eam-bla/1 & its comb9ation ) ! multitubul> boil]1 t at once gave ! locomotive a vigor\s life1 & secur$ ! triumph ( ! railway sy/em4 #bai ,x has be5 well obs]v$1 t ?is wond]ful ability to increase & multiply its p[]s ( p]=mance ) ! em]g5cy t dem&s !m1 has made ?is giant eng9e ! noble/ creation ( human wit1 ! v lion among ma*9es4 ,! success ( ! ,ra9hill exp]im5t1 z judg$ by ! public1 may be inf]r$ f ! fact t ! %>es ( ! ,company imm$iately rose t5 p] c5t41 & no?+ m 0 he>d ( ! propos$ tw5ty-"o fix$ eng9es1 eng9e-h\ses1 ropes1 etc4 ,all ?is cumb]some app>atus 0 !nce=w>d effectually dispos$ (4 ,v diff]5t n[ 0 ! tone ( ^? directors :o _h di/+ui%$ !mselves by ! p]si/5cy ( _! opposition to ,mr4 ,/eph5son's plans4 ,coolness gave way to eulogy1 & ho/ility to unb\nd$ (f]s ( fri5d%ip--aft] ! mann] ( _m m5 :o run to ! help ( ! /rong4 ,deeply ?\gh ! eng9e] _h felt aggriev$ by ! conduct pursu$ t[>ds him dur+ ?is ev5tful /ruggle1 by "s f :om =be>ance 0 to h be5 expect$1 he nev] ent]ta9$ t[>ds !m 9 aft] life any angry feel+s2 on ! contr>y1 he =gave all4 ,b ?\gh ! directors aft]w>ds pass$ unanim\s resolutions eulogis+ ! great skill & unwe>i$ en]gy ( _! eng9e]1 he himself1 :5 speak+ confid5tially to ^? ) :om he 0 mo/ intimate1 c\ld n help po9t+ out ! diff]5ce betwe5 8 f\l-wea!r & fair-wea!r fri5ds4 ,mr4 ,goo* says ( him t ?\gh naturally mo/ *e]ful & k9d-he>t$ 9 8 disposition1 ! anxiety & pressure :i* weigh$ ^u 8 m9d dur+ ! con/ruction ( ! railway1 _h ! effect ( mak+ him occasionally impati5t & irritable1 l a spirit$ horse t\*$ by ! spur2 ?\gh 8 orig9al good-nature f "t to "t %one ?r\gh x all4 ,:5 ! l9e _h be5 br\ght to a successful completion1 a v m>k$ *ange 9 him became visible4 ,! irritability pass$ away1 & :5 difficulties & vexations arose !y 7 treat$ by him z matt]s ( c\rse1 & ) p]fect composure & *e]fulness4 ,picture3 ,railway v]sus ,road ,,*apt] ,,xii4 ,,op5+ ,,( ,,! ,,liv]pool ,,& ,,man*e/] ,,railway1 ,,& ,,ext5sion ,,( ,,! ,,railway ,,sy/em4 ,! directors ( ! ,railway n[ began to see daylight2 & !y d]iv$ enc\ragem5t f ! skilful mann] 9 :i* _! eng9e] _h ov]come ! pr9cipal difficulties ( ! und]tak+4 ,he _h =m$ a solid road ov] ,*at ,moss1 & ?us a*iev$ "o impossibility2 & he _h con/ruct$ a locomotive t c\ld run at a spe$ ( #cj miles an h\r1 ?us vanqui%+ a /ill m =midable difficulty4 ,a s+le l9e ( way 0 complet$ ov] ,*at ,moss by ! #a/ ( ,janu>y1 #ahcj2 & on t day1 ! ,rocket ) a c>riage full ( directors1 eng9e]s1 & _! fri5ds1 pass$ along ! great] "p ( ! road betwe5 ,liv]pool & ,man*e/]4 ,mr4 ,/eph5son cont9u$ to direct 8 close att5tion to ! improvem5t ( ! details ( ! locomotive1 e successive trial ( :i* prov$ m satisfactory4 ,9 ?is dep>tm5t he _h ! b5efit ( ! able & unremitt+ assi/ance ( 8 son1 :o1 9 ! work%ops at ,newca/le1 directly sup]9t5d$ ! con/ruction ( ! new eng9es requir$ = ! public work+ ( ! railway4 ,he did n by any means re/ satisfi$ ) ! success1 decid$ ?\gh x 01 :i* _h be5 a*iev$ by ! ,rocket4 ,he reg>d$ x b 9 ! light ( a successful exp]im5t2 & e succe$+ eng9e plac$ ^u ! railway exhibit$ "s improvem5t on its pr$ecessors4 ,! arrangem5t ( ! p>ts1 & ! weight & proportions ( ! eng9es1 7 alt]$1 z ! exp]i5ce ( ea* successive day1 or week1 or mon?1 sugge/$2 & x 0 soon f\nd t ! p]=mances ( ! ,rocket on ! day ( trial _h be5 greatly )9 ! p[]s ( ! locomotive4 ,! fir/ entire trip betwe5 ,liv]pool & ,man*e/] 0 p]=m$ on ! #ad? ( ,june1 #ahcj1 on ! occasion ( a ,bo>d meet+ be+ held at ! latt] t[n4 ,! tra9 0 on ?is occasion drawn by ! ,arr[1 "o ( ! new locomotives1 9 :i* ! mo/ rec5t improvem5ts _h be5 adopt$4 ,mr4 ,/eph5son himself drove ! eng9e1 & ,capta9 ,scoresby1 ! circumpol> navigator1 /ood beside him on ! foot-plate1 & m9ut$ ! spe$ ( ! tra94 ,a great conc\rse ( p assembl$ at bo? t]m9i1 z well z along ! l9e1 to witness ! novel spectacle ( a tra9 ( c>riages dragg$ by an eng9e at a spe$ ( #ag miles an h\r4 ,on ! return j\rney to ,liv]pool 9 ! ev5+1 ! ,arr[ cross$ ,*at ,moss at a spe$ ( ne>ly #bg miles an h\r1 rea*+ its de/9ation 9 ab\t an h\r & a half4 ,9 ! mean "t ,mr4 ,/eph5son & 8 assi/ants 7 dilig5tly occupi$ 9 mak+ ! necess>y prelim9>y arrangem5ts = ! conduct ( ! traffic aga9/ ! "t :5 ! l9e %\ld be ready = op5+4 ,! exp]im5ts made ) ! object ( c>ry+ on ! pass5g] traffic at quick velocities 7 ( an especially h>ass+ & anxi\s "*4 ,e week1 = ne>ly ?ree mon?s be=e ! op5+1 trial trips 7 made to ,newton & back1 g5]ally ) two or ?ree tra9s foll[+ ea* o!r1 & c>ry+ altoge!r f #bjj to #cjj p]sons4 ,^! trips 7 usually made on ,saturday aft]noons1 :5 ! works c\ld be m conv5i5tly /opp$ & ! l9e cle>$4 ,9 ^! exp]im5ts ,mr4 ,/eph5son _h ! able assi/ance ( ,mr4 ,h5ry ,boo?1 ! secret>y ( ! ,company1 :o contriv$ _m ( ! arrangem5ts 9 ! roll+ /ock1 n ! lea/ valuable ( :i* 0 8 inv5tion ( ! c\pl+ screw1 /ill 9 use on all pass5g] railways4 ,at l5g? ! l9e 0 f9i%$1 & ready = ! public c]emony ( ! op5+1 :i* took place on ! #ae? ,septemb]1 #ahcj1 & attract$ a va/ numb] ( spectators4 ,! completion ( ! railway 0 ju/ly reg>d$ z an important national ev5t1 & ! op5+ 0 celebrat$ accord+ly4 ,! ,duke ( ,well+ton1 !n ,prime ,m9i/]1 ,sir ,rob]t ,peel1 & ,mr4 ,huskisson1 "o ( ! memb]s = ,liv]pool1 7 among ! numb] ( di/+ui%$ public p]sonages pres5t4 ,eight locomotive eng9es1 con/ruct$ at ! ,/eph5son works1 _h be5 deliv]$ & plac$ ^u ! l9e1 ! :ole ( :i* _h be5 tri$ & te/$ weeks be=e1 ) p]fect success4 ,! sev]al tra9s ( c>riages accommodat$ 9 all ab\t six hundr$ p]sons4 ,! procession 0 *e]$ 9 its progress by ?\s&s ( spectators--?r\gh ! deep rav9e ( ,olive ,m\nt2 up ! ,sutton incl9e2 ov] ! great ,sankey viaduct1 b5ea? :i* a great multitude ( p]sons _h assembl$1--c>riages fill+ ! n>r[ lanes1 & b>ges cr[d+ ! riv]2 ! p bel[ gaz+ ) wond] & admiration at ! tra9s :i* sp$ along ! l9e1 f> above _! heads1 at ! rate ( "s #bd miles an h\r4 ,at ,p>kside1 ab\t #ag miles f ,liv]pool1 ! eng9es /opp$ to take 9 wat]4 ,"h a deplorable accid5t occurr$ to "o ( ! illu/ri\s visitors1 :i* ?rew a deep %ad[ ov] ! subsequ5t proce$+s ( ! day4 ,! ,nor?umbrian eng9e1 ) ! c>riage conta9+ ! ,duke ( ,well+ton1 0 drawn up on "o l9e1 9 ord] t ! :ole ( ! tra9s on ! o!r l9e might pass 9 review be=e him & 8 p>ty4 ,mr4 ,huskisson _h alight$ f ! c>riage1 & 0 /&+ on ! opposite road1 along :i* ! ,rocket 0 obs]v$ rapidly com+ up4 ,at ?is mom5t ! ,duke ( ,well+ton1 betwe5 :om & ,mr4 ,huskisson "s coolness _h exi/$1 made a sign ( recognition1 & held out 8 h&4 ,a hurri$ b fri5dly grasp 0 giv52 & be=e x 0 loos5$ !re 0 a g5]al cry f ! by/&]s ( ,get 91 get 96 ,flurri$ & confus$1 ,mr4 ,huskisson endeav\r$ to get r\nd ! op5 door ( ! c>riage1 :i* project$ ov] ! opposite rail2 b 9 s do+ he 0 /ruck d[n by ! ,rocket1 & fall+ ) 8 leg d\bl$ across ! rail1 ! limb 0 in/antly cru%$4 ,8 fir/ words1 on be+ rais$1 71 ,i h met my dea?1 :i* unhappily prov$ true1 = he expir$ t same ev5+ 9 ! p>sonage ( ,eccles4 ,x 0 cit$ at ! "t z a rem>kable fact1 t ! ,nor?umbrian eng9e1 driv5 by ,george ,/eph5son himself1 convey$ ! w\nd$ body ( ! un=tunate g5tleman a di/ance ( ab\t #ae miles 9 #be m9utes1 or at ! rate ( #cf miles an h\r4 ,?is incr$ible spe$ bur/ ^u ! _w ) ! effect ( a new & unlook$-= ph5om5on4 ,! accid5t ?rew a gloom ov] ! re/ ( ! day's proce$+s4 ,! ,duke ( ,well+ton & ,sir ,rob]t ,peel express$ a wi% t ! procession %\ld return to ,liv]pool4 ,x 01 h[ev]1 repres5t$ to !m t a va/ conc\rse ( p _h assembl$ at ,man*e/] to witness ! arrival ( ! tra9s2 t report w\ld exagg]ate ! mis*ief1 if !y did n complete ! j\rney2 & t a false panic on t day might s]i\sly affect future railway travell+ & ! value ( ! ,company's prop]ty4 ,! p>ty cons5t$ accord+ly to proce$ to ,man*e/]1 b on ! und]/&+ t !y %\ld return z soon z possible1 & refra9 f fur!r fe/ivity4 ,z ! tra9s approa*$ ,man*e/]1 cr[ds ( p 7 f\nd cov]+ ! banks1 ! slopes ( ! cutt+s1 & ev5 ! railway itself4 ,! multitude1 become impati5t & excit$ by ! rum\rs :i* rea*$ !m1 _h outflank$ ! milit>y1 & all ord] 0 at an end4 ,! p clamb]$ ab\t ! c>riages1 hold+ on by ! door-h&les1 & _m 7 tumbl$ ov]2 b1 happily no fatal accid5t occurr$4 ,at ! ,man*e/] /ation1 ! political elem5t began to display itself2 plac>ds ab\t ,pet]loo1 etc41 7 exhibit$1 & brickbats 7 ?r[n at ! c>riage conta9+ ! ,duke4 ,on ! c>riages com+ to a /& 9 ! ,man*e/] /ation ! ,duke did n desc5d1 b rema9$ seat$1 %ak+ h&s ) ! wom5 & *ildr5 :o 7 pu%$ =w>d by ! cr[d4 ,%ortly aft]1 ! tra9s return$ to ,liv]pool1 :i* !y rea*$1 aft] consid]able int]ruptions1 9 ! d>k1 at a late h\r4 ,on ! foll[+ morn+ ! railway 0 op5$ = public traffic4 ,! fir/ tra9 ( #adj pass5g]s 0 book$ & s5t on to ,man*e/]1 rea*+ x 9 ! allott$ p]iod ( two h\rs2 & f t "t ! traffic has regul>ly proce$$ f day to day until n[4 ,x is sc>cely necess>y t we %\ld speak at any l5g? ( ! comm]cial results ( ! ,liv]pool & ,man*e/] ,railway4 ,suffice x to say t its success 0 complete & decisive4 ,! anticipations ( its projectors 71 h[ev]1 9 _m respects at fault4 ,!y _h bas$ _! calculations almo/ entirely on ! heavy m]*&ise traffic--su* z coal1 cotton1 & timb]1--rely+ little ^u pass5g]s2 :]eas ! receipts d]iv$ f ! conveyance ( pass5g]s f> exce$$ ^? d]iv$ f m]*&ise ( all k9ds1 :i*1 = a "t cont9u$ a subord9ate bran* ( ! traffic4 ,= "s "t aft] ! public op5+ ( ! l9e1 ,mr4 ,/eph5son's +5uity cont9u$ to be employ$ 9 devis+ improv$ me?ods = secur+ ! safety & com=t ( ! travell+ public4 ,few are aw>e ( ! ?\s& m9ute details :i* h to be arrang$--! =e?\ght & contrivance t h to be ex]cis$--to enable ! travell] by railway to accompli% 8 j\rney 9 safety4 ,aft] ! difficulties ( con/ruct+ a level road ov] bogs1 across valleys1 & ?r\gh deep cutt+s1 h be5 ov]come1 ! ma9t5ance ( ! way has to be provid$ = ) cont9u\s c>e4 ,e rail ) its fa/5+s mu/ be complete1 to prev5t risk ( accid5t2 & ! road mu/ be kept regul>ly balla/$ up to ! level1 to dim9i% ! jolt+ ( vehicles pass+ ov] x at high spe$s4 ,!n ! /ations mu/ be protect$ by signals obs]vable f su* a di/ance z to enable ! tra9 to be /opp$ 9 ev5t ( an ob/acle1 su* z a /opp+ or %unt+ tra9 be+ 9 ! way4 ,= "s ye>s ! signals employ$ on ! ,liv]pool railway 7 entirely giv5 by m5 ) flags ( diff]5t col\rs /ation$ along ! l9e2 !re 7 no fix$ signals1 nor electric telegraphs2 b ! traffic 0 nev]!less work$ q z safely z "u ! m elaborate & complicat$ sy/em ( telegraph+ :i* has s9ce be5 e/abli%$4 ,f an e>ly p]iod x became obvi\s t ! iron road z orig9ally laid d[n 0 f> too weak = ! heavy traffic :i* x _h to c>ry4 ,! l9e 0 at fir/ laid ) fi%-belli$ rails weigh+ ?irty-five p\nds to ! y>d1 calculat$ only = horse-traffic1 or1 at mo/1 = eng9es l ! ,rocket1 ( v light weight4 ,b z ! p[] & ! weight ( ! locomotives 7 increas$1 x 0 f\nd t su* rails 7 q insuffici5t = ! safe conduct ( ! traffic1 & x !re=e became necess>y to re-lay ! road ) heavi] & /rong] rails at consid]ably increas$ exp5se4 ,! details ( ! c>ry+ /ock _h 9 l mann] to be settl$ by exp]i5ce4 ,ev]y?+ _h1 z x 71 to be begun f ! beg9n+4 ,! coal-waggon1 x is true1 s]v$ 9 "s degree z a model = ! railway-truck2 b ! railway pass5g]-c>riage 0 an entirely novel /ructure4 ,x _h to be m\nt$ ^u /rong fram+1 ( a peculi> k9d1 support$ on spr+s to prev5t jolt+4 ,!n !re 0 ! necessity = contriv+ "s me?od ( prev5t+ h>d bump+ ( ! c>riage-ends :5 ! tra9 0 pull$ up2 & h5ce ! contrivance ( buff]-spr+s & spr+ frames4 ,= ! purpose ( /opp+ ! tra91 brakes on an improv$ plan 7 also contriv$1 ) new modes ( lubricat+ ! c>riage-axles1 on :i* ! :eels revolv$ at an unusually high velocity4 ,9 all ^! arrangem5ts1 ,mr4 ,/eph5son's inv5tiv5ess 0 kept con/antly on ! /ret*2 & ?\gh _m improvem5ts 9 detail h be5 effect$ s9ce 8 "t1 ! f\ndations 7 !n laid by him ( ! pres5t sy/em ( conduct+ railway traffic4 ,z an illu/ration ( ! inv5tive +5uity :i* he display$ 9 provid+ = ! work+ ( ! ,liv]pool l9e1 we may m5tion 8 contrivance ( ! ,self-act+ ,brake4 ,he e>ly ent]ta9$ ! idea t ! mom5tum ( ! runn+ tra9 might itself be made available = ! purpose ( *eck+ its spe$4 ,he propos$ to fit ea* c>riage ) a brake :i* %\ld be call$ into action imm$iately on ! locomotive at ! head ( ! tra9 be+ pull$ up4 ,! impetus ( ! c>riages c>ry+ !m =w>d1 ! buff]-spr+s w\ld be driv5 home &1 at ! same "t1 by a simple arrangem5t ( ! me*anism1 ! brakes w\ld be call$ into simultane\s action2 ?us ! :eels w\ld be br\ght into a /ate ( sl$ge1 & ! tra9 spe$ily /opp$4 ,?is plan 0 adopt$ by ,mr4 ,/eph5son be=e he left ! ,liv]pool & ,man*e/] ,railway1 ?\gh x 0 aft]w>ds discont9u$2 b x is a rem>kable fact1 t ?is id5tical plan1 ) ! addition ( a c5trifugal app>atus1 has q rec5tly be5 reviv$ by ,m4 ,gu]91 a ,fr5* eng9e]1 & ext5sively employ$ on =eign railways1 z ! be/ me?od ( /opp+ railway tra9s 9 ! mo/ effici5t mann] & 9 ! %orte/ "t4 ,f9ally1 ,mr4 ,/eph5son _h to att5d to ! improvem5t ( ! p[] & spe$ ( ! locomotive--always ! gr& object ( 8 /udy1--) a view to economy z well z regul>ity ( work+4 ,9 ! ,planet eng9e1 deliv]$ ^u ! l9e imm$iately subsequ5t to ! public op5+1 all ! improvem5ts :i* _h up to t "t be5 contriv$ by him & 8 son 7 introduc$ 9 comb9ation--! bla/-pipe1 ! tubul> boil]1 horizontal cyl9d]s inside ! smoke-box1 ! crank$ axle1 & ! fire-box firmly fix$ to ! boil]4 ,! fir/ load ( goods convey$ f ,liv]pool to ,man*e/] by ! ,planet 0 #hj tons 9 weight1 & ! eng9e p]=m$ ! j\rney aga9/ a /rong head w9d 9 #b4e h\rs4 ,on ano!r occasion1 ! same eng9e br\ght up a c>go ( vot]s f ,man*e/] to ,liv]pool1 dur+ a conte/$ election1 )9 a space ( sixty m9utes6 ,! ,samson1 deliv]$ 9 ! foll[+ ye>1 exhibit$ /ill fur!r improvem5ts1 ! mo/ important ( :i* 0 t ( c\pl+ ! =e & h9d :eels ( ! eng9e4 ,by ?is means1 ! adhesion ( ! :eels on ! rails 0 m effectually secur$1 & ?us ! full haul+ p[] ( ! locomotive 0 made available4 ,! ,samson1 %ortly aft] x 0 plac$ ^u ! l9e1 dragg$ aft] x a tra9 ( waggons weigh+ #aej tons at a spe$ ( ab\t #bj miles an h\r2 ! consumption ( coke be+ r$uc$ to only ab\t a ?ird ( a p\nd p] ton p] mile4 ,! success ( ! ,liv]pool & ,man*e/] exp]im5t naturally excit$ great int]e/4 ,p flock$ to ,lanca%ire f all qu>t]s to see ! /eam-coa* runn+ ^u a railway at ?ree times ! spe$ ( a mailcoa*1 & to enjoy ! excitem5t ( actually travell+ 9 ! wake ( an eng9e at t incr$ible velocity4 ,! travell]s return$ to _! respective di/ricts full ( ! wond]s ( ! locomotive1 consid]+ x to be ! greate/ m>vel ( ! age4 ,railways are famili> en\gh objects n[1 & our *ildr5 :o gr[ up 9 _! mid/ may ?9k little ( !m2 b ?irty ye>s s9ce x 0 an ev5t 9 "o's life to see a locomotive1 & to travel = ! fir/ "t ^u a public railroad4 ,! practicability ( railway locomotion be+ n[ prov$1 & its great social & comm]cial advantages asc]ta9$1 ! g5]al ext5sion ( ! sy/em 0 m]ely a "q ( "t1 money1 & lab\r4 ,al?\gh ! legislature took no initiative /ep 9 ! direction ( railway ext5sion1 ! public _s & ent]prise ( ! c\ntry did n fail x at ?is juncture4 ,! ,engli% p1 ?\gh !y may be defective 9 _! capacity = organization1 are /rong 9 individualism2 & n improbably _! admirable qualities 9 ! latt] respect detract f _! effici5cy 9 ! =m]4 ,?us1 9 all times1 _! greate/ ent]prises h n be5 plann$ by (ficialism & c>ri$ out ^u any regul> sy/em1 b h sprung1 l _! con/itution1 _! laws1 & _! entire indu/rial arrangem5ts1 f ! =ce ( circum/ances & ! individual en]gies ( ! p4 ,! mode ( action 9 ! case ( railway ext5sion1 0 *>act]i/ic & national4 ,! execution ( ! new l9es 0 und]tak5 entirely by jo9t-/ock associations ( proprietors1 aft] ! mann] ( ! ,/ockton & ,d>l+ton1 & ,liv]pool & ,man*e/] companies4 ,^! associations are con=mable to our national habits1 & fit well into our sy/em ( laws4 ,!y comb9e ! p[] ( va/ res\rces ) individual wat*fulness & motives ( self-int]e/2 & by _! means gigantic und]tak+s1 :i* o!rwise w\ld be impossible to any b k+s & emp]ors ) great national res\rces at comm&1 7 c>ri$ out by ! co-op]ation ( private p]sons4 ,& ! results ( ?is comb9ation ( means & ( ent]prise h be5 truly m>vell\s4 ,)9 ! life ( ! pres5t g5]ation1 ! private citiz5s ( ,engl& engag$ 9 railway ext5sion h1 9 ! face ( ,gov]nm5t ob/ructions1 & )\t tak+ a p5ny f ! public purse1 execut$ a sy/em ( communications involv+ works ( ! mo/ gigantic k9d1 :i*1 9 _! total mass1 _! co/1 & _! public utility1 f> exce$ ! mo/ fam\s national und]tak+s ( any age or c\ntry4 ,mr4 ,/eph5son 0 ( c\rse1 actively engag$ 9 ! con/ruction ( ! num]\s railways n[ project$ by ! jo9t-/ock companies4 ,! desire = railway ext5sion pr9cipally p]vad$ ! manufactur+ di/ricts1 especially aft] ! successful op5+ ( ! ,liv]pool & ,man*e/] l9e4 ,! comm]cial classes ( ! l>g] t[ns soon became eag] = a p>ticipation 9 ! good :i* !y _h s rec5tly d]id$4 ,railway projects 7 set on foot 9 great numb]s1 & ,man*e/] became a c5tre f :i* ma9 l9es & bran*es 7 />t$ 9 all directions4 ,! int]e/1 h[ev]1 :i* atta*es to ^! lat] s*emes is ( a mu* less absorb+ k9d ?an t :i* belongs to ! e>li] hi/ory ( ! railway & ! /eps by :i* x 0 ma9ly e/abli%$4 ,we naturally sympa?ise m ke5ly ) ! e>ly /ruggles ( a great pr9ciple1 its trials & its difficulties1 ?an ) its aft] /ages ( success2 &1 h[ev] gratifi$ & a/oni%$ we may be at its consequ5ces1 ! int]e/ is 9 a great measure gone :5 its triumph has become a matt] ( c]ta9ty4 ,! comm]cial results ( ! ,liv]pool & ,man*e/] l9e 7 s satisfactory1 & inde$ s greatly exce$$ ! expectations ( its projectors1 t _m ( ! ab&on$ projects ( ! speculative ye> #ahbe 7 =?) reviv$4 ,an abundant crop ( eng9e]s sprang up1 ready to execute railways ( any ext5t4 ,n[ t ! ,liv]pool & ,man*e/] l9e _h be5 made1 & ! practicability ( work+ x by locomotive p[] _h be5 prov$1 x 0 z easy = eng9e]s to make railways & to "w !m1 z x 0 = navigators to f9d ,am]ica aft] ,columbus _h made ! fir/ voyage4 ,mr4 ,francis ,giles atta*$ himself to ! ,newca/le & ,c>lisle & ,london & ,s\?ampton projects4 ,mr4 ,brunel appe>$ z eng9e] ( ! l9e project$ betwe5 ,london & ,bri/ol2 & ,mr4 ,brai?waite1 ! build] ( ! ,novelty eng9e1 act$ 9 ! same capacity = a railway f ,london to ,col*e/]4 ,! fir/ l9es con/ruct$ subsequ5t to ! op5+ ( ! ,liv]pool & ,man*e/] ,railway1 7 mo/ly 9 connection ) x1 & pr9cipally 9 ! c\nty ( ,lanca/]4 ,?us a bran* 0 =m$ f ,bolton to ,leigh1 & ano!r f ,leigh to ,k5yon1 :]e x =m$ a junction ) ! ma9 l9e betwe5 ,liv]pool & ,man*e/]4 ,bran*es to ,wigan on ! nor?1 & to ,runcorn ,gap & ,w>r+ton on ! s\? ( ! same l9e1 7 also =m$4 ,a cont9uation ( ! latt]1 z f> s\? z ,birm+ham1 0 %ortly aft] project$ "u ! "n ( ! ,gr& ,junction ,railway4 ,! la/ m5tion$ l9e 0 project$ z e>ly z ! ye> #ahbd1 :5 ! ,liv]pool & ,man*e/] s*eme 0 "u discussion1 & ,mr4 ,/eph5son !n publi%$ a report on ! subject4 ,! plans 7 deposit$1 b ! bill 0 ?r[n out ?r\gh ! opposition ( ! l&[n]s & canal proprietors4 ,:5 engag$ 9 mak+ ! survey1 ,/eph5son call$ ^u "s ( ! l&[n]s 9 ! neighb\rhood ( ,nantwi* to obta9 _! ass5t1 & 0 greatly disgu/$ to le>n t ! ag5ts ( ! canal companies _h be5 be=e him1 & describ$ ! locomotive to ! f>m]s z a mo/ frightful ma*9e1 emitt+ a brea? z poison\s z ! fabl$ dragon ( old2 & tell+ !m t if a bird flew ov] ! di/rict :]e "o ( ^! eng9es pass$1 x w\ld inevitably drop d[n dead6 ,! application = ! bill 0 r5ew$ 9 #ahbf1 & aga9 fail$2 & at l5g? x 0 det]m9$ to wait ! issue ( ! ,liv]pool & ,man*e/] exp]im5t4 ,! act 0 ev5tually obta9$ 9 #ahcc4 ,:5 x 0 propos$ to ext5d ! advantages ( railways to ! population ( ! midl& & s\!rn c\nties ( ,engl&1 an imm5se am\nt ( al>m 0 creat$ 9 ! m9ds ( ! c\ntry g5tlem54 ,!y did n reli% ! idea ( private individuals1 pr9cipally resid5t 9 ! manufactur+ di/ricts1 invad+ _! doma9s2 & !y ev]y:]e rose up 9 arms aga9/ ! new-fangl$ roads4 ,colonel ,sib?orpe op5ly decl>$ 8 hatr$ ( ! inf]nal railroads1 & said t he w\ld r meet a highwayman1 or see a burgl> on 8 premises1 ?an an eng9e]6 ,! impression :i* prevail$ 9 ! rural di/ricts 01 t fox-cov]s & game-pres]ves w\ld be s]i\sly prejudic$ by ! =mation ( railroads2 t agricultural communications w\ld be de/roy$1 l& ?r[n out ( cultivation1 l&[n]s & f>m]s r$uc$ to begg>y1 ! poor-rates increas$ ?r\gh ! numb] ( p]sons ?r[n out ( employm5t by ! railways1--& all ?is 9 ord] t ,liv]pool1 ,man*e/]1 & ,birm+ham %opkeep]s & manufactur]s might e/abli% a mon/r\s monopoly 9 railway traffic4 ,! inhabitants ( ev5 "s ( ! l>ge t[ns 7 ?r[n into a /ate ( con/]nation by ! proposal to provide !m ) ! accommodation ( a railway4 ,! l9e f ,london to ,birm+ham w\ld naturally h pass$ close to ! h&some t[n ( ,nor?ampton1 & 0 s project$2 b ! inhabitants ( ! %ire1 urg$ on by ! local press1 & excit$ by m5 ( influ5ce & education1 oppos$ ! project1 & succe$$ 9 =c+ ! promot]s1 9 _! survey ( ! l9e1 to pass ! t[n at a di/ance4 ,:5 ! fir/ railway ?r\gh ,k5t 0 project$1 ! l9e 0 laid out s z to pass by ,maid/one1 ! c\nty t[n4 ,b x _h n a s+le support] among/ ! t[nspeople1 :il/ ! l&[n]s = _m miles r\nd comb9$ to oppose x4 ,9 l mann]1 ! l9e project$ f ,london to ,bri/ol 0 /rongly d5\nc$ by ! inhabitants ( ! int]m$iate di/ricts2 & :5 ! fir/ bill 0 ?r[n out1 ,eton assembl$ "u ! presid5cy ( ! ,m>quis ( ,*&os to congratulate ! c\ntry ^u its defeat4 ,dur+ ! "t t ! works ( ! ,liv]pool & ,man*e/] l9e 7 9 progress1 our eng9e] 0 consult$ respect+ a %ort railway propos$ to be =m$ betwe5 ,leice/] & ,swann+ton1 = ! purpose ( op5+ up a communication betwe5 ! t[n ( ,leice/] & ! coal-fields 9 ! we/]n "p ( ! c\nty4 ,! projector ( ?is und]tak+ _h "s difficulty 9 gett+ ! requisite capital subscrib$ =1 ! ,leice/] t[nspeople :o _h money be+ = ! mo/ "p int]e/$ 9 canals4 ,george ,/eph5son 0 invit$ to come ^u ! gr\nd & survey ! l9e4 ,he did s1 & !n ! projector told him ( ! difficulty he _h 9 f9d+ subscrib]s to ! conc]n4 ,give me a %eet1 said ,/eph5son1 & ,i w raise ! money = y 9 ,liv]pool4 ,! eng9e] 0 z good z 8 ^w1 & 9 a %ort "t ! %eet 0 return$ ) ! subscription complete4 ,mr4 ,/eph5son 0 !n ask$ to und]take ! (fice ( eng9e] = ! l9e1 b 8 answ] 0 t he _h ?irty miles ( railway 9 h&1 :i* 7 en\gh = any eng9e] to att5d to prop]ly4 ,0 !re any p]son he c\ld recomm5d8 ,well1 said he1 ,i ?9k my son ,rob]t is compet5t to und]take ! ?+4 ,w\ld ,mr4 ,/eph5son be answ]able = him8 ,oh1 yes1 c]ta9ly4 ,& ,rob]t ,/eph5son1 at tw5ty-sev5 ye>s ( age1 0 in/all$ eng9e] ( ! l9e accord+ly4 ,picture3 ,map ( ,leice/] & ,swann+ton ,railway ,! requisite ,p>liam5t>y p[]s hav+ be5 obta9$1 ,rob]t ,/eph5son proce$$ ) ! con/ruction ( ! railway1 ab\t #af miles 9 l5g?1 t[>ds ! end ( #ahcj4 ,! works 7 comp>atively easy1 except+ at ! ,leice/] end1 :]e ! "y eng9e] enc\nt]$ 8 fir/ /iff bit ( tunnell+4 ,! l9e pass$ und]gr\nd = #a4ge mile1 & #ejj y>ds ( its c\rse lay 9 loose dry runn+ s&4 ,! pres5ce ( ?is mat]ial r5d]$ x necess>y = ! eng9e] fir/ to con/ruct a wood5 tunnel to support ! soil :ile ! brickwork 0 be+ execut$4 ,?is prov$ suffici5t1 & ! :ole 0 br\ght to a successful t]m9ation )9 a reasonable "t4 ,:ile ! works 7 9 progress1 ,rob]t kept up a regul> correspond5ce ) 8 fa!r at ,liv]pool1 consult+ him on all po9ts 9 :i* 8 great] exp]i5ce 0 likely to be ( s]vice4 ,l 8 fa!r1 ,rob]t 0 v obs]vant1 & always ready to seize opportunity by ! =elock4 ,x happ5$ t ! e/ate ( ,snib/on1 ne> ,a%by-de-la-,z\*1 0 adv]tis$ = sale2 & ! "y eng9e]'s exp]i5ce z a coal-view] & practical geologi/ sugge/$ to 8 m9d t coal 0 mo/ probably to be f\nd und]nea?4 ,he communicat$ 8 views to 8 fa!r on ! subject4 ,! e/ate lay 9 ! imm$iate neighb\rhood ( ! railway2 & if ! conjecture prov$ correct1 ! f9d+ ( coal w\ld necess>ily greatly enhance its value4 ,he accord+ly reque/$ 8 fa!r to come ov] to ,snib/on & look at ! prop]ty1 :i* he did2 & aft] a c>eful inspection ( ! gr\nd1 he arriv$ at ! same conclusion z 8 son4 ,! l>ge manufactur+ t[n ( ,leice/]1 ab\t f\rte5 miles di/ant1 _h up to t "t be5 exclusively suppli$ ) coal br\ght by canal f ,d]by%ire2 & ,mr4 ,/eph5son saw t ! railway "u con/ruction f ,swann+ton to ,leice/]1 w\ld furni% him ) a ready m>ket = any coals :i* he might f9d at ,snib/on4 ,hav+ induc$ two ( 8 ,liv]pool fri5ds to jo9 him 9 ! v5ture1 ! ,snib/on e/ate 0 pur*as$ 9 #ahca3 & %ortly aft]1 ,/eph5son remov$ 8 home f ,liv]pool to ,alton ,grange1 = ! purpose ( sup]9t5d+ ! s9k+ ( ! pit4 ,he travell$ ?i!r by gig ) 8 wife1--8 fav\rite horse ,bobby p]=m+ ! j\rney by easy /ages4 ,s9k+ op]ations 7 imm$iately begun1 & proce$$ satisfactorily until ! old enemy1 wat]1 bur/ 9 ^u ! workm51 & ?reat5$ to dr[n !m out4 ,b by means ( effici5t pump+-eng9es1 & ! skilful cas+ ( ! %aft ) segm5ts ( ca/-iron--a process call$ tubb+1 #bcd :i* ,mr4 ,/eph5son 0 ! fir/ to adopt 9 ! ,midl& ,c\nties--x 0 ev5tually made wat]-tight1 & ! s9k+ proce$$4 ,:5 a dep? ( #aff feet _h be5 rea*$1 a /ill m =midable difficulty pres5t$ itself--"o :i* _h baffl$ =m] s9k]s 9 ! neighb\rhood1 & det]r$ !m f fur!r op]ations4 ,?is 0 a rem>kable b$ ( :9/one or gre5-/one1 :i* _h orig9ally be5 p\r$ out z a %eet ( burn+ lava ov] ! d5ud$ surface ( ! coal measures2 inde$ x 0 aft]w>ds f\nd t x _h turn$ to c9d]s "o "p ( ! seam ( coal ) :i* x _h come 9 contact4 ,! appe>ance ( ?is b$ ( solid rock 0 s unusual a circum/ance 9 coal m9+1 t "s exp]i5c$ s9k]s urg$ ,/eph5son to proce$ no fur!r1 believ+ ! occurr5ce ( ! dyke at t po9t to be altoge!r fatal to 8 ent]prise4 ,b1 ) 8 fai? /ill firm 9 ! exi/5ce ( coal und]nea?1 he fell back on 8 old motto ( ,p]sev]e4 ,he det]m9$ to g on bor+2 & d[n ?r\gh ! solid rock he w5t until1 tw5ty-two feet l[]1 he came ^u ! coal measures4 ,9 ! mean "t1 h[ev]1 le/ ! bor+ at t po9t %\ld prove unsuccessful1 he _h comm5c$ s9k+ ano!r pair ( %afts ab\t a qu>t] ( a mile we/ ( ! fault2 & aft] ab\t n9e mon?s' lab\r he rea*$ ! pr9cipal seam1 call$ ! ma9 coal4 ,! works 7 !n op5$ out on a l>ge scale1 & ,mr4 ,/eph5son _h ! pleasure & good =tune to s5d ! fir/ tra9 ( ma9 coal to ,leice/] by railway4 ,! price 0 imm$iately r$uc$ to ab\t #hs4 a ton1 effect+ a pecuni>y sav+ to ! inhabitants ( ! t[n ( ab\t #dj1jjj p\nds p] annum1 or equival5t to ! :ole am\nt !n collect$ 9 ,gov]nm5t taxes & local rates1 besides giv+ an impetus to ! manufactur+ prosp]ity ( ! place1 :i* has cont9u$ d[n to ! pres5t day4 ,! correct pr9ciples ^u :i* ! m9+ op]ations at ,snib/on 7 conduct$ (f]$ a salut>y example to ! neighb\r+ colli]y own]s4 ,! num]\s improvem5ts !re introduc$ 7 freely exhibit$ to all1 & !y 7 aft]w>ds reproduc$ 9 _m =ms all ov] ! ,midl& ,c\nties1 greatly to ! advantage ( ! m9+ int]e/4 ,nor 0 ,mr4 ,/eph5son less att5tive to ! com=t & well-be+ ( ^? imm$iately dep5d5t ^u him--! workpeople ( ! ,snib/on colli]y & _! families4 ,unlike _m ( ^? l>ge employ]s :o h sprung f ! ranks1 he 0 "o ( ! k9de/ & mo/ indulg5t ( ma/]s4 ,he w\ld h a fair day's "w = a fair day's wages2 b he nev] =got t ! employ] _h 8 duties z well z 8 rights4 ,fir/ ( all1 he att5d$ to ! prop] home accommodation ( 8 workpeople4 ,he erect$ a village ( com=table cottages1 ea* provid$ ) a snug little g>d54 ,he 0 also in/rum5tal 9 erect+ a *ur* adjac5t to ! works1 z well z ,*ur* s*ools = ! education ( ! colli]s' *ildr52 & ) t broad ca?olicity ( s5tim5t :i* di/+ui%$ him1 he fur!r provid$ a *apel & a s*ool-h\se = ! use ( ! ,diss5t+ portion ( ! colli]s & _! families--an example ( b5evol5t lib]ality :i* 0 n )\t a salut>y influ5ce ^u ! neighb\r+ employ]s4 ,picture3 ,/eph5son's ,h\se at ,alton ,grange ,picture3 ,rob]t ,/eph5son ,,*apt] ,,xiii4 ,,rob]t ,,/eph5son ,,con/ructs ,,! ,,london ,,& ,,birm+ham ,,railway4 ,( ! num]\s ext5sive projects :i* foll[$ close ^u ! completion ( ! ,liv]pool & ,man*e/] l9e1 & ! ,locomotive triumph at ,ra9hill1 t ( a railway betwe5 ,london & ,birm+ham 0 ! mo/ important4 ,! s*eme orig9at$ at ! latt] place 9 #ahcj4 ,two committees 7 =m$1 & two plans 7 propos$4 ,"o 0 ( a l9e to ,london by way ( ,ox=d1 & ! o!r by way ( ,cov5try4 ,! simple object ( ! promot]s ( bo? s*emes be+ to secure ! advantages ( railway communication ) ! metropolis1 !y wisely det]m9$ to comb9e _! /r5g? to secure x4 ,!y !n resolv$ to call ,george ,/eph5son to _! aid1 & reque/$ him to advise !m z to ! two s*emes :i* 7 be=e !m4 ,aft] a c>eful exam9ation ( ! c\ntry1 ,mr4 ,/eph5son report$ 9 fav\r ( ! ,cov5try r\te1 :5 ! ,lanca%ire g5tlem51 :o 7 ! pr9cipal subscrib]s to ! project1 hav+ e confid5ce 9 8 judgm5t1 support$ 8 decision1 & ! l9e recomm5d$ by him 0 adopt$ accord+ly4 ,at ! meet+ ( ! promot]s held at ,birm+ham to det]m9e on ! appo9tm5t ( ! eng9e] = ! railway1 !re 0 a /rong p>ty 9 fav\r ( associat+ ) ,mr4 ,/eph5son a g5tleman ) :om he _h be5 br\ght into s]i\s collision 9 ! c\rse ( ! ,liv]pool & ,man*e/] und]tak+4 ,:5 ! (f] 0 made to him t he %\ld be jo9t eng9e] ) ! o!r1 he reque/$ leave to retire & consid] ! proposal ) 8 son4 ,! fa!r 0 9 fav\r ( accept+ x4 ,8 /ruggle h]et(ore _h be5 s h>d t he c\ld n be> ! idea ( miss+ s promis+ an opportunity ( pr(essional advancem5t4 ,b ! son1 =esee+ ! jeal\sies & he>tburn+s :i* ! jo9t eng9e]%ip w\ld mo/ probably create1 recomm5d$ 8 fa!r to decl9e ! connection4 ,george adopt$ ! sugge/ion1 & return+ to ! ,committee1 he ann\nc$ to !m 8 decision2 on :i* ! promot]s decid$ to appo9t him ! eng9e] ( ! und]tak+ 9 conjunction ) 8 son4 ,?is l9e1 l ! ,liv]pool & ,man*e/]1 0 v /rongly oppos$1 especially by ! l&[n]s4 ,num]\s pamphlets 7 publi%$1 call+ on ! public to bew>e ( ! bubbles1 & hold+ up ! promot]s ( railways to ridicule4 ,!y 7 comp>$ to ,/4 ,john ,long & simil> quacks1 & pron\nc$ fitt] = ,b$lam ?an to be left at l>ge4 ,! canal proprietors1 l&[n]s1 & road tru/ees1 made common cause aga9/ !m4 ,! failure ( railways 0 confid5tly pr$ict$--inde$1 x 0 elaborately attempt$ to be prov$ t !y _h fail$2 & x 0 indu/ri\sly spread abroad t ! locomotive eng9es1 hav+ be5 f\nd useless & highly dang]\s on ! ,liv]pool & ,man*e/] l9e1 7 imm$iately to be ab&on$ 9 fav\r ( horses--a rum\r :i* ! directors ( ! ,company ?\ght x necess>y publicly to contradict4 ,public meet+s 7 held 9 all ! c\nties ?r\gh :i* ! l9e w\ld pass betwe5 ,london & ,birm+ham1 at :i* ! project 0 d5\nc$1 & /rong resolutions aga9/ x 7 pass$4 ,! attempt 0 made to conciliate ! l&lords by explanations1 b all su* ef=ts prov$ futile1 ! own]s ( ne>ly sev5-eigh?s ( ! l& be+ return$ z diss5ti5ts4 ,i rememb]1 said ,rob]t ,/eph5son1 describ+ ! opposition1 t we call$ "o day on ,sir ,a/ley ,coop]1 ! em95t surgeon1 9 ! hope ( ov]com+ 8 av]sion to ! railway4 ,he 0 "o ( our mo/ invet]ate & influ5tial oppon5ts4 ,8 c\ntry h\se at ,b]khamp/ead 0 situat$ ne> ! int5d$ l9e1 :i* pass$ ?r\gh "p ( 8 prop]ty4 ,we f\nd a c\rtly1 f9e-look+ old g5tleman1 ( v /ately mann]s1 :o receiv$ u k9dly & he>d all we _h to say 9 fav\r ( ! project4 ,b he 0 q inflexible 9 8 opposition to x4 ,no deviation or improvem5t t we c\ld sugge/ _h any effect 9 conciliat+ him4 ,he 0 oppos$ to railways g5]ally1 & to ?is 9 p>ticul>4 ',y\r s*eme1' said he1 'is prepo/]\s 9 ! extreme4 ,x is ( s extravagant a "*1 z to be positively absurd4 ,!n look at ! recklessness ( y\r proce$+s6 ,y are propos+ to cut up our e/ates 9 all directions = ! purpose ( mak+ an unnecess>y road4 ,d y ?9k = "o mom5t ( ! de/ruction ( prop]ty involv$ by x8 ,:y1 g5tlem51 if ?is sort ( ?+ be p]mitt$ to g on1 y w 9 a v few ye>s de/roy ! noblesse6' ,we left ! hon\rable b>onet )\t hav+ produc$ ! slighte/ effect ^u him1 except+ p]haps1 x might be1 increas$ exasp]ation aga9/ our s*eme4 #a c\ld n help obs]v+ to my companions z we left ! h\se1 ',well1 x is really provok+ to f9d "o :o has be5 made a ,sir = cutt+ t w5 out ( ,george ! ,f\r?'s neck1 *>g+ u ) contemplat+ ! de/ruction ( ! noblesse1 because we propose to conf] ^u him ! b5efits ( a railroad4' ,su* be+ ! opposition ( ! own]s ( l&1 x 0 ) ! greate/ difficulty t an accurate survey ( ! l9e c\ld be made4 ,at "o po9t ! vigilance ( ! l&[n]s & _! s]vants 0 su*1 t ! surveyors 7 effectually prev5t$ tak+ ! levels by ! light ( day2 & x 0 only at l5g? accompli%$ at night by means ( d>k lant]ns4 ,!re 0 "o cl]gyman1 :o made su* al>m+ demon/rations ( 8 opposition1 t ! extraord9>y exp$i5t 0 resort$ to ( survey+ 8 prop]ty dur+ ! "t he 0 engag$ 9 ! pulpit4 ,?is 0 manag$ by hav+ a /rong =ce ( surveyors 9 read9ess to comm5ce _! op]ations1 :o ent]$ ! cl]gyman's gr\nds on "o side ! mom5t !y saw him fairly (f !m on ! o!r4 ,by a well-organis$ & sy/ematic arrangem5t ea* man conclud$ 8 allott$ task j z ! rev]5d g5tleman conclud$ 8 s]mon2 s t1 be=e he left ! *ur*1 ! de$ 0 done1 & ! s9n]s _h all decamp$4 ,simil> opposition 0 (f]$ at _m o!r po9ts1 b ineffectually4 ,! labori\s application ( ,rob]t ,/eph5son 0 su*1 t 9 exam9+ ! c\ntry to asc]ta9 ! be/ l9e1 he walk$ ! :ole di/ance betwe5 ,london & ,birm+ham upw>ds ( tw5ty times4 ,:5 ! bill w5t be=e ! ,committee ( ! ,commons 9 #ahcb1 a =midable array ( evid5ce 0 produc$4 ,all ! railway exp]i5ce ( ! day 0 br\ght to be> 9 support ( ! measure1 & all t int]e/$ opposition c\ld d 0 set 9 motion aga9/ x4 ,! necessity = an improv$ mode ( communication betwe5 ,london & ,birm+ham 0 cle>ly demon/rat$2 & ! eng9e]+ evid5ce 0 reg>d$ z q satisfactory4 ,n a s+le fact 0 prov$ aga9/ ! utility ( ! measure1 & ! bill pass$ ! ,committee1 & aft]w>ds ! ?ird read+ 9 ! ,commons1 by l>ge majorities4 ,x 0 !n s5t to ! ,lords1 & w5t into ,committee1 :5 a simil> mass ( te/imony 0 aga9 gone ?r\gh4 ,b x _h be5 evid5t1 f ! op5+ ( ! proce$+s1 t ! fate ( ! bill _h be5 det]m9$ be=e ev5 a ^w ( ! evid5ce _h be5 he>d4 ,at t "t ! committees 7 op5 to all pe]s2 & ! promot]s ( ! bill f\nd1 to _! dismay1 _m ( ! lords :o 7 av[$ oppon5ts ( ! measure z l&[n]s1 sitt+ z judges to decide its fate4 ,_! pr9cipal object seem$ to be1 to br+ ! proce$+s to a t]m9ation z quickly z possible4 ,an attempt at negotiation 0 inde$ made 9 ! c\rse ( ! proce$+s 9 committee1 b fail$1 & ! bill 0 ?r[n out4 ,z ! result _h be5 =ese51 measures 7 tak5 to neutralise ! effect ( ?is decision z reg>d$ future op]ations4 ,n less ?an #cb1jjj p\nds _h be5 exp5d$ 9 prelim9>y & p>liam5t>y exp5ses up to ?is /age2 b ! promot]s det]m9$ n to look back1 & =?) made arrangem5ts = prosecut+ ! bill 9 ! next session4 ,/range to say1 ! bill !n pass$ bo? ,h\ses sil5tly & almo/ )\t opposition4 ,! my/]y 0 aft]w>ds solv$ by ! appe>ance ( a circul> issu$ by ! directors ( ! company1 9 :i* x 0 /at$1 t !y _h op5$ negotiations ) ! mo/ influ5tial ( _! oppon5ts2 t ^! measures _h be5 successful to a great] ext5t ?an !y _h v5tur$ to anticipate2 & ! mo/ active & =midable _h be5 conciliat$4 ,an in/ructive comm5t>y on ! mode by :i* ^! noble lords & influ5tial l&$ proprietors _h be5 conciliat$1 0 ! simple fact t ! e/imate = l& 0 ne>ly trebl$1 & t ! own]s 7 paid ab\t #gej1jjj p\nds = :at _h be5 orig9ally e/imat$ at #bej1jjj p\nds4 ,! l&[n]s hav+ ?us be5 conciliat$1 ! promot]s ( ! measure 7 p]mitt$ to proce$ ) ! =mation ( _! great highway4 ,rob]t ,/eph5son 01 ) ! sanction ( 8 fa!r1 appo9t$ sole eng9e]2 & /eps 7 at once tak5 by him to make ! work+ survey1 to prep>e ! work+ draw+s1 & arrange = ! con/ruction ( ! railway4 ,eighty miles ( ! road 7 %ortly "u contract1 hav+ be5 let )9 ! e/imates2 & ! works 7 9 satisfactory progress by ! beg9n+ ( #ahcd4 ,! difficulties enc\nt]$ 9 _! con/ruction 7 v great2 ! mo/ =midable ( !m orig9at+ 9 ! "* ( ! works !mselves4 ,ext5sive tunnels _h to be driv5 ?r\gh unkn[n /rata1 & miles ( und]gr\nd excavation _h to be c>ri$ out 9 ord] to =m a level road f valley to valley1 "u ! int]v5+ ridges4 ,?is k9d ( "w 0 ! newe/ ( all to ! contractors ( t day4 ,rob]t ,/eph5son's exp]i5ce 9 ! colli]ies ( ! ,nor? r5d]$ him well fitt$ to grapple ) su* difficulties2 yet ev5 he1 ) all 8 practical k1 c\ld sc>cely h =ese5 ! s]i\s ob/acles :i* he 0 call$ ^u to enc\nt] 9 execut+ ! =midable cutt+s1 embankm5ts1 & tunnels ( ! ,london & ,birm+ham ,railway4 ,x w\ld be an un9t]e/+1 z x w\ld be a fruitless task1 to attempt to describe ! works 9 detail2 b a g5]al outl9e ( _! extraord9>y "* & ext5t may n be out ( place4 ,picture3 ,rugby to ,wat=d ,! l5g? ( railway to be con/ruct$ betwe5 ,london & ,birm+ham 0 #aab4e miles4 ,! l9e cross$ a s]ies ( l[-ly+ di/ricts sep>at$ f ea* o!r by consid]able ridges ( hills2 & x 0 ! object ( ! eng9e] to cross ! valleys at z high1 & ! hills at z l[1 elevations z possible4 ,! high gr\nd 0 !re=e cut d[n & ! /uff l$ into embankm5ts1 9 "s places ( great height & ext5t1 s z to =m a road ^u z level a plane z 0 consid]$ practicable = ! work+ ( ! locomotive eng9e4 ,9 "s places1 ! high gr\nds 7 pass$ 9 op5 cutt+s1 :il/ 9 o!rs x 0 necess>y to bore ?r\gh !m 9 tunnels ) deep cutt+s at ea* end4 ,! mo/ =midable excavations on ! l9e are ^? at ,tr+1 ,d5bigh ,hall1 & ,bliswor?4 ,! ,tr+ cutt+ is an imm5se *asm across ! great *alk ridge ( ,iv+hoe4 ,x is #b4e miles long1 & = #j4be ( a mile is #eg feet deep4 ,a million & a half cubic y>ds ( *alk & e>? 7 tak5 out ( ?is cutt+ by means ( horse-runs & deposit$ 9 spoil banks2 besides ! imm5se quantity run into ! embankm5t nor? ( ! cutt+1 =m+ a solid m\nd ne>ly #f miles long & ab\t #cj feet high4 ,pass+ ov] ! ,d5bigh ,hall cutt+1 & ! ,wolv]ton embankm5t ( #a4e mile 9 l5g? across ! valley ( ! ,ouse1 we come to ! excavation at ,bliswor?1 a brief description ( :i* w give ! read] an idea ( "o ( ! mo/ difficult k9ds ( railway "w4 ,picture3 ,bliswor? ,cutt+ ,! ,bliswor? ,cutt+ is "o ( ! longe/ & deepe/ grooves cut 9 ! solid e>?4 ,x is #a4e mile long1 9 "s places #fe feet deep1 pass+ ?r\gh e>?1 /iff clay1 & h>d rock4 ,n less ?an a million cubic y>ds ( ^! mat]ials 7 dug1 qu>ri$1 & bla/$ out ( x4 ,"o-?ird ( ! cutt+ 0 /one1 & b5ea? ! /one lay a ?ick b$ ( clay1 "u :i* 7 f\nd b$s ( loose %ale s full ( wat] t almo/ con/ant pump+ 0 necess>y at _m po9ts to enable ! works to proce$4 ,= a ye> & a half ! contractor w5t on fruitlessly cont5d+ ) ^! difficulties1 & at l5g? he 0 compell$ to ab&on ! adv5ture4 ,! eng9e] !n took ! works 9 h& = ! ,company1 & !y 7 vigor\sly proce$$ )4 ,/eam-eng9es 7 set to "w to pump out ! wat]2 two locomotives 7 put on1 "o at ea* end ( ! cutt+1 to drag away ! excavat$ rock & clay2 & #hjj m5 & boys 7 employ$ along ! "w1 9 digg+1 :eel+1 & bla/+1 besides a l>ge numb] ( horses4 ,"s idea ( ! ext5t ( ! bla/+ op]ations may be =m$ f ! fact t #be b>rels ( gunp[d] 7 us$ weekly2 ! total quantity explod$ 9 =m+ ?is "o cutt+ be+ ab\t #c1jjj b>rels4 ,consid]able difficulty 0 exp]i5c$ 9 support+ ! b$ ( rock cut ?r\gh1 :i* ov]laid ! clay & %ale along ea* side ( ! cutt+4 ,x 0 f\nd necess>y to hold x up by /rong reta9+ walls1 to prev5t ! clay b$ f bulg+ out1 & ^! walls 7 fur!r support$ by a /rong inv]t1--t is1 an ar* plac$ 9 an inv]t$ position "u ! road1--?us b9d+ toge!r ! walls on bo? sides4 ,beh9d ! reta9+ walls1 a drift or horizontal dra9 0 provid$ to enable ! wat] to run (f1 & occasional op5+s 7 left 9 ! walls !mselves = ! same purpose4 ,! "w 0 at l5g? br\ght to a successful completion1 b ! extraord9>y difficulties enc\nt]$ 9 =m+ ! cutt+ _h ! effect ( greatly increas+ ! co/ ( ?is portion ( ! railway4 ,! ,tunnels on ! l9e are eight 9 numb]1 _! total l5g? be+ #gccf y>ds4 ,! fir/ high gr\nd enc\nt]$ 0 ,primrose ,hill1 :]e ! /iff ,london clay 0 pass$ ?r\gh = a di/ance ( ab\t #aafd y>ds4 ,! clay 0 close1 compact1 & dry1 m difficult to "w ?an /one itself4 ,x 0 entirely free f wat]2 b ! absorb+ prop]ties ( ! clay 7 su* t :5 expos$ to ! air x swell$ out rapidly4 ,h5ce an unusual ?ickness ( brick l9+ 0 f\nd necess>y2 & ! eng9e] aft]w>ds in=m$ ! au?or t = "s "t he ent]ta9$ an appreh5sion le/ ! pressure %\ld =ce 9 ! brickwork altoge!r4 ,x 0 s great t x made ! face ( ! bricks to fly (f 9 m9ute *ips :i* cov]$ 8 clo!s :il/ he 0 inspect+ ! "w4 ,! mat]ials us$ 9 ! build+ 71 h[ev]1 ( excell5t quality2 & ! tunnel 0 happily br\ght to a completion )\t any accid5t4 ,at ,wat=d ! *alk ridge 0 p5etrat$ by a tunnel ab\t #ahjj y>ds long2 & at ,nor?*ur*1 ,l9dslade1 & ,/[e ,hill1 !re 7 o!r tunnels ( m9or ext5t4 ,b ! *ief difficulty ( ! und]tak+ 0 ! execution ( t "u ! ,kilsby ridge4 ,?\gh n ! l>ge/1 ?is is 9 _m respects "o ( ! mo/ int]e/+ works ( ! k9d 9 ,engl&4 ,x is ab\t #bdjj y>ds long1 & runs at an av]age dep? ( ab\t #afj feet bel[ ! surface4 ,! ridge "u :i* x ext5ds is ( consid]able ext5t1 ! fam\s battle ( ,naseby hav+ be5 f\ght ^u "o ( ! spurs ( ! same high gr\nd ab\t sev5 miles to ! ea/w>d4 ,previ\s to ! lett+ ( ! contract1 ! "* ( ! und]gr\nd soil 0 exam9$ by trial-%afts4 ,! te/s indicat$ t x consi/$ ( %ale ( ! l[] oolite1 & ! works 7 let accord+ly4 ,b !y _h sc>cely be5 comm5c$ :5 x 0 discov]$ t1 at an int]val betwe5 ! two trial-%afts :i* _h be5 sunk1 ab\t #bjj y>ds f ! s\? end ( ! tunnel1 !re exi/$ an ext5sive quicks& "u a b$ ( clay #dj feet ?ick1 :i* ! bor+s _h escap$ 9 ! mo/ s+ul> mann]4 ,at ! bottom ( "o ( ^! %afts ! excavation & build+ ( ! tunnel 7 proce$+1 :5 ! ro( at "o "p sudd5ly gave way1 a deluge ( wat] bur/ 91 & ! p>ty ( workm5 ) ! utmo/ difficulty escap$ ) _! lives4 ,!y 7 only sav$ by means ( a raft1 on :i* !y 7 t[$ by "o ( ! eng9e]s swimm+ ) ! rope 9 8 m\? to ! l[] end ( ! %aft1 out ( :i* !y 7 safely lift$ to ! daylight4 ,! works 7 ( c\rse at t po9t imm$iately /opp$4 ,picture3 ,! ,%afts ov] ,kilsby ,tunnel ,! contractor1 :o _h und]tak5 ! con/ruction ( ! tunnel1 0 s ov]:elm$ by ! calamity1 t1 ?\gh he 0 reliev$ by ! ,company f 8 engagem5t1 he took to 8 b$ & %ortly aft] di$4 ,pump+-eng9es 7 !n erect$ = ! purpose ( dra9+ (f ! wat]1 b = a long "t x prevail$1 & sometimes ev5 rose 9 ! %aft4 ,! "q !n pres5t$ itself1 :e!r 9 ! face ( s =midable a difficulty1 ! works %\ld be proce$$ ) or ab&on$4 ,rob]t ,/eph5son s5t ov] to ,alton ,grange = 8 fa!r1 & ! two took s]i\s c\nsel toge!r4 ,george 0 9 fav\r ( pump+ out ! wat] f ! top by p[]ful eng9es erect$ ov] ea* %aft1 until ! wat] 0 ma/]$4 ,rob]t concurr$ 9 t view1 & al?\gh o!r eng9e]s pron\nc$ /rongly aga9/ ! practicability ( ! s*eme & advis$ its ab&onm5t1 ! directors au?oris$ him to proce$2 & p[]ful /eam-eng9es 7 ord]$ to be con/ruct$ & deliv]$ )\t loss ( "t4 ,9 ! mean "t1 ,rob]t sugge/$ to 8 fa!r ! exp$i5cy ( runn+ a drift along ! head+ f ! s\? end ( ! tunnel1 ) ! view ( dra9+ (f ! wat] 9 t way4 ,george said he ?\ght x w\ld sc>cely answ]1 b t x 0 wor? a trial1 at all ev5ts until ! pump+-eng9es 7 got ready4 ,rob]t accord+ly gave ord]s = ! drift to be proce$$ )4 ,! excavators 7 imm$iately set to "w2 & !y 7 v soon close ^u ! s& b$4 ,"o day1 :5 ! eng9e]1 8 assi/ants1 & ! workm5 7 clu/]$ ab\t ! op5 entrance ( ! drift-way1 !y he>d a sudd5 ro> z ( di/ant ?und]4 ,x 0 hop$ t ! wat] _h bur/ 9--= all ! workm5 7 out ( ! drift1--& t ! s& b$ w\ld n[ dra9 itself (f 9 a natural way4 ,in/ead ( :i*1 v little wat] made its appe>ance2 & on exam9+ ! inn] end ( ! drift1 x 0 f\nd t ! l\d noise _h be5 caus$ by ! sudd5 dis*>ge into x ( an imm5se mass ( s&1 :i* _h completely *ok$ up ! passage1 & prev5t$ ! wat] f fl[+ away4 ,! eng9e] n[ f\nd t !re 0 no?+ = x b to s9k num]\s additional %afts ov] ! l9e ( ! tunnel at ! po9ts at :i* x cross$ ! quicks&1 & endeav\r to ma/] ! wat] by %e] =ce ( eng9es & pumps4 ,! eng9es erect$1 possess$ an aggregate p[] ( #afj horses2 & !y w5t on pump+ = eight successive mon?s1 empty+ out an almo/ incr$ible quantity ( wat]4 ,x 0 f\nd t ! wat]1 ) :i* ! b$ ( s& ext5d+ ov] _m miles 0 *>g$1 0 to a c]ta9 degree held back by ! p>ticles ( ! s& itself1 & t x c\ld only p]colate ?r\gh at a c]ta9 av]age rate4 ,x appe>$ 9 its fl[ to take a slant+ direction to ! suction ( ! pumps1 ! angle ( incl9ation dep5d+ ^u ! co>s5ess or f95ess ( ! s&1 & regulat+ ! "t ( ! fl[4 ,h5ce ! di/ribution ( ! pump+ p[] at %ort int]vals along ! l9e ( ! tunnel _h a mu* great] effect ?an ! conc5tration ( t p[] at any "o spot4 ,x soon appe>$ t ! wat] _h f\nd its ma/]4 ,protect$ by ! pumps1 :i* cle>$ a space = ! eng9e]+ op]ations--c>ri$ on 9 ! mid/1 z x 71 ( two almo/ p]p5dicul> walls ( wat] & s& on ei!r side--! workm5 proce$$ ) ! build+ ( ! tunnel at num]\s po9ts4 ,e ex]tion 0 us$ to wall 9 ! dang]\s p>ts z quickly z possible2 ! excavators & bricklay]s lab\r+ night & day until ! "w 0 f9i%$4 ,ev5 :ile "u ! protection ( ! imm5se pump+ p[] above describ$1 x (t5 happ5$ t ! bricks 7 sc>cely cov]$ ) cem5t ready = ! sett+1 ere !y 7 wa%$ q clean by ! /reams ( wat] :i* p\r$ f ov]head4 ,! m5 7 accord+ly "u ! necessity ( hold+ ov] _! "w l>ge :isks ( /raw & o!r appliances to protect ! bricks & cem5t at ! mom5t ( sett+4 ,! quantity ( wat] pump$ out ( ! s& b$ dur+ eight mon?s ( incessant pump+1 av]ag$ #b1jjj gallons p] m9ute1 rais$ f an av]age dep? ( #abj feet4 ,x is difficult to =m an adequate idea ( ! bulk ( ! wat] ?us rais$1 b x may be /at$ t if all[$ to fl[ = ?ree h\rs only1 x w\ld fill a lake "o acre squ>e to ! dep? ( "o foot1 & if all[$ to fl[ = "o entire day x w\ld fill ! lake to ov] eight feet 9 dep?1 or suffici5t to float vessels ( #ajj tons bur!n4 ,! wat] pump$ out ( ! tunnel :ile ! "w 0 9 progress w\ld be ne>ly equival5t to ! cont5ts ( ! ,?ames at high wat]1 betwe5 ,london & ,woolwi*4 ,x is a curi\s circum/ance t not)/&+ ! quantity ?us remov$1 ! level ( ! surface ( ! wat] 9 ! tunnel 0 only l[]$ ab\t #b4e to #c in*es p] week1 prov+ ! va/ area ( ! quicks&1 :i* probably ext5d$ along ! entire ridge ( l& "u :i* ! railway pass$4 ,! co/ ( ! l9e 0 greatly increas$ by ! difficulties enc\nt]$ at ,kilsby4 ,! orig9al e/imate = ! tunnel 0 only #ii1jjj p\nds2 b be=e x 0 f9i%$ x _h co/ m ?an #ajj p\nds p] l9eal y>d =w>d1 or a total ( ne>ly #cjj1jjj p\nds4 ,! exp5diture on ! o!r p>ts ( ! l9e also greatly exce$$ ! am\nt fir/ set d[n by ! eng9e]2 & be=e ! works 7 f9i%$ x 0 m ?an d\bl$4 ,! l& co/ ?ree times m ?an ! e/imate2 & ! claims = comp5sation 7 enorm\s4 ,al?\gh ! contracts 7 let )9 ! e/imates1 v few ( ! contractors 7 able to complete !m )\t ! assi/ance ( ! ,company1 & _m became bankrupt4 ,! magnitude ( ! works1 :i* 7 unprec$5t$ 9 ,engl&1 0 "o ( ! mo/ rem>kable features 9 ! und]tak+4 ,! foll[+ /rik+ comp>ison has be5 made betwe5 ?is railway & "o ( ! greate/ works ( anci5t times4 ,! ,great ,pyramid ( ,egypt 01 accord+ to ,diodorus ,siculus1 con/ruct$ by #cjj1jjj--;accord+ to ,h]odotus1 by #ajj1jjj--m54 ,x requir$ = its execution tw5ty ye>s1 & ! lab\r exp5d$ ^u x has be5 e/imat$ z equival5t to lift+ #ae1gcc1jjj1jjj ( cubic feet ( /one "o foot high4 ,:]eas1 if ! lab\r exp5d$ 9 con/ruct+ ! ,london & ,birm+ham ,railway be 9 l mann] r$uc$ to "o common d5om9ation ! result is #be1jjj1jjj1jjj ( cubic feet m ?an 0 lift$ = ! ,great ,pyramid2 & yet ! ,engli% "w 0 p]=m$ by ab\t #bj1jjj m5 9 less ?an five ye>s4 ,& :il/ ! ,egyptian "w 0 execut$ by a p[]ful mon>* conc5trat+ ^u x ! lab\r & capital ( a great nation1 ! ,engli% railway 0 con/ruct$1 9 ! face ( e conceivable ob/ruction & difficulty1 by a company ( private individuals out ( _! own res\rces1 )\t ! aid ( ,gov]nm5t or ! contribution ( "o f>?+ ( public money4 ,! lab\r]s :o execut$ ?is =midable "w 7 9 _m respects a rem>kable class4 ,! railway navvies1 z !y are call$1 7 m5 drawn by ! attraction ( good wages f all p>ts ( ! k+dom2 & !y 7 ready = any sort ( h>d "w4 ,"s ( ! be/ came f ! f5 di/ricts ( ,l9coln & ,cambridge1 :]e !y _h be5 tra9$ to execute works ( excavation & embankm5t4 ,^! old practition]s =m$ a nucleus ( skill$ manipulation & aptitude1 :i* r5d]$ !m ( indisp5sable utility 9 ! imm5se und]tak+s ( ! p]iod4 ,_! exp]tness 9 all sorts ( e>?work1 9 embank+1 bor+1 & well-s9k+--_! practical k ( ! nature ( soils & rocks1 ! t5acity ( clays1 & ! porosity ( c]ta9 /ratifications--7 v great2 &1 r\gh-look+ ?\gh !y 71 _m ( !m 7 z important 9 _! own dep>tm5t z ! contractor or ! eng9e]4 ,dur+ ! railway-mak+ p]iod ! navvy w&]$ ab\t f "o public "w to ano!r--app>5tly belong+ to no c\ntry & hav+ no home4 ,he usually wore a :ite felt hat ) ! brim turn$ up1 a velvete5 or jean squ>e-tail$ coat1 a sc>let plu% wai/coat ) little black spots1 & a bright-col\r$ k]*ief r\nd 8 h]culean neck1 :51 z (t5 happ5$1 x 0 n left entirely b>e4 ,8 corduroy bree*es 7 reta9$ 9 position by a lea!rn /rap r\nd ! wai/1 & 7 ti$ & button$ at ! knee1 display+ b5ea? a solid calf & foot encas$ 9 /rong high-lac$ boots4 ,jo9+ toge!r 9 a butty gang1 "s t5 or twelve ( ^! m5 w\ld take a contract to cut out & remove s mu* dirt--z !y d5om9at$ e>?-cutt+--fix+ _! price accord+ to ! "* ( ! /uff1 & ! di/ance to :i* x _h to be :eel$ & tipp$4 ,! contract tak51 e man put himself on 8 mettle2 if any 0 f\nd skulk+1 or n putt+ =? 8 full work+ p[]1 he 0 eject$ f ! gang4 ,_! p[]s ( endurance 7 extraord9>y4 ,9 times ( em]g5cy !y w\ld "w = #ab & ev5 #af h\rs1 ) only %ort int]vals = meals4 ,! quantity ( fle%-meat :i* !y consum$ 0 some?+ enorm\s2 b x 0 to _! bones & muscles :at coke is to ! locomotive--! means ( keep+ up ! /eam4 ,!y display$ great pluck1 & seem$ to disreg>d p]il4 ,inde$ ! mo/ dang]\s sort ( lab\r--su* z work+ horse-b>r[ runs1 9 :i* accid5ts are ( con/ant occurr5ce--has always be5 mo/ 9 reque/ among/ !m1 ! dang] seem+ to be "o ( its *ief recomm5dations4 ,work+1 eat+1 dr9k+1 & sleep+ toge!r1 & daily expos$ to ! same influ5ces1 ^! railway lab\r]s soon pres5t$ a di/9ct & well-def9$ "*1 /rongly m>k+ !m f ! population ( ! di/ricts 9 :i* !y lab\r$4 ,reckless alike ( _! lives z ( _! e>n+s1 ! navvies work$ h>d & liv$ h>d4 ,= _! lodg+1 a hut ( turf w\ld cont5t !m2 &1 9 _! h\rs ( leisure1 ! meane/ public-h\se w\ld s]ve = _! p>l\r4 ,unburd5$1 z !y usually 71 by dome/ic ties1 uns(t5$ by family affection1 & )\t mu* moral or religi\s tra9+1 ! navvies came to be di/+ui%$ by a sort ( savage mann]s1 :i* contra/$ /rangely ) ^? ( ! surr\nd+ population4 ,yet1 ignorant & viol5t ?\gh !y might be1 !y 7 usually good-he>t$ fell[s 9 ! ma9--frank & op5h&$ ) _! comrades1 & ready to %>e _! la/ p5ny ) ^? 9 di/ress4 ,_! pay-nights 7 (t5 a saturnalia ( riot & disord]1 dread$ by ! inhabitants ( ! villages along ! l9e ( works4 ,! irruption ( su* m5 into ! quiet hamlet ( ,kilsby mu/1 inde$1 h produc$ a v />tl+ effect on ! recluse inhabitants ( ! place4 ,rob]t ,/eph5son us$ to tell a /ory ( ! cl]gyman ( ! p>i% wait+ ^u ! =eman ( "o ( ! gangs to expo/ulate ) him z to ! %ock+ impropriety ( 8 m5 work+ dur+ ,sunday4 ,b ! head navvy m]ely hit*$ up 8 tr\s]s1 & said1 ,:y1 ,soondays ha9't cropt out "h yet6 ,9 %ort1 ! navvies 7 little bett] ?an hea!ns1 & ! village ( ,kilsby 0 n re/or$ to its wont$ quiet until ! tunnel-works 7 f9i%$1 & ! eng9es & scaffold+s remov$1 leav+ only ! imm5se masses ( debris ar\nd ! l9e ( %afts :i* ext5d along ! top ( ! tunnel4 ,9 illu/ration ( ! extraord9>y work+ en]gy & p[]s ( endurance ( ! ,engli% navvies1 we may m5tion t :5 railway-mak+ ext5d$ to ,france1 ! ,engli% contractors = ! works took ) !m gangs ( ,engli% navvies1 ) ! usual plant1 :i* includ$ :eelb>r[s4 ,^! ! ,engli% navvy 0 accu/om$ to run out rapidly & cont9u\sly1 pil$ s high ) /uff t he c\ld b>ely see ov] ! summit ( 8 load1 ! gang-bo>d along :i* he :eel$ 8 b>r[4 ,:ile he ?us easily ran out "s #c or #d cwt4 at a "t1 ! ,fr5* navvy 0 cont5t$ ) half ! weight4 ,inde$1 ! ,fr5* navvies on "o occasion /ruck "w because ( ! size ( ! ,engli% b>r[s1 & !re 0 an emeute on ! ,r\5 ,railway1 :i* 0 only quell$ by ! aid ( ! milit>y4 ,! consequ5ce 0 t ! big b>r[s 7 ab&on$ to ! ,engli% workm51 :o e>n$ ne>ly d\ble ! wages ( ! ,fr5*m54 ,! mann] 9 :i* !y /ood to _! "w 0 matt] ( great surprise & wond]m5t to ! ,fr5* c\ntrypeople1 :o came cr[d+ r\nd !m 9 _! bl\ses1 &1 aft] gaz+ admir+ly at _! exp]t h&l+ ( ! pick & mattock1 & ! imm5se loads ( dirt :i* !y :eel$ out1 w\ld exclaim to ea* o!r1 ,mon ,dieu1 voila6 voila ces ,anglais1 comme ils travaill5t6 ,,*apt] ,,xiv4 ,,man*e/] ,,& ,,le$s1 ,,& ,,midl& ,,railways--,,/eph5son',s ,,life ,,at ,,alton--,,visit ,,to ,,belgium--,,g5]al ,,ext5sion ,,( ,,railways ,,& ,,_! ,,results4 ,! rapidity ) :i* railways 7 c>ri$ out1 :5 ! _s ( ! c\ntry became r\s$1 0 inde$ rem>kable4 ,?is 0 d\btless 9 "s measure ow+ to ! increas$ =ce ( ! curr5t ( speculation at ! "t1 b *iefly to ! desire :i* ! public began to ent]ta9 = ! g5]al ext5sion ( ! sy/em4 ,x 0 ev5 propos$ to fill up ! canals1 & conv]t !m into railways4 ,! new roads became ! topic ( conv]sation 9 all circles2 !y 7 felt to give a new value to "t2 _! va/ capabilities = bus9ess peculi>ly recomm5d$ !m to ! trad+ classes2 :il/ ! fri5ds ( progress dilat$ on ! great b5efits !y w\ld ev5tually conf] ^u mank9d at l>ge4 ,x began to be se5 t ,edw>d ,pease _h n be5 exagg]at+ :5 he said1 ,let ! c\ntry b make ! railroads1 & ! railroads w make ! c\ntry6 ,!y also came to be reg>d$ z invit+ objects ( inve/m5t to ! ?rifty1 & a safe outlet = ! accumulations ( in]t m5 ( capital4 ,?us new av5ues ( iron road 7 soon 9 c\rse ( =mation1 bran*+ 9 all directions1 s t ! c\ntry promis$ 9 a wond]fully %ort "t to become wrapp$ 9 "o va/ network ( iron4 ,9 #ahcf ! ,gr& ,junction ,railway 0 "u con/ruction betwe5 ,w>r+ton & ,birm+ham--! nor!rn "p by ,mr4 ,/eph5son1 & ! s\!rn by ,mr4 ,ra/rick4 ,! works on t l9e embrac$ heavy cutt+s1 long embankm5ts1 & num]\s viaducts2 b none ( ^! are wor?y ( any special description4 ,p]haps ! f9e/ piece ( masonry on ! railway is ! ,dutton ,viaduct across ! valley ( ! ,weav]4 ,x consi/s ( tw5ty ar*es ( #fj feet span1 spr++ #af feet f ! p]p5dicul> %aft ( ea* pi]1 & #fj feet 9 height f ! cr[n ( ! ar*es to ! level ( ! riv]4 ,! f\ndations ( ! pi]s 7 built on piles driv5 #bj feet deep4 ,! /ructure has a solid & maje/ic appe>ance1 & is p]haps ! f9e/ ( ,george ,/eph5son's viaducts4 ,picture3 ,! ,dutton ,viaduct ,! ,man*e/] & ,le$s l9e 0 9 progress at ! same "t--an important railway connect+ ! pr9cipal manufactur+ t[ns ( ,york%ire & ,lanca%ire4 ,an attempt 0 made to obta9 ! ,act z e>ly z #ahca2 b its promot]s 7 defeat$ by ! p[]ful opposition ( ! l&[n]s aid$ by ! canal companies1 & ! project 0 n reviv$ = sev]al ye>s4 ,! l9e 0 some:at circuit\s1 & ! works 7 heavy2 b on ! :ole ! gradi5ts 7 fav\rable1 & x _h ! advantage ( pass+ ?r\gh a di/rict full ( manufactur+ t[ns & villages1 teem+ hives ( population1 indu/ry1 & ent]prise4 ,! ,act au?oris+ ! con/ruction ( ! railway 0 obta9$ 9 #ahcf2 x 0 greatly am5d$ 9 ! succe$+ ye>1 & ! fir/ gr\nd 0 brok5 on ! #ah? ,augu/1 #ahcg4 ,9 conduct+ ?is project to an issue1 ! eng9e] _h ! usual opposition & prejudices to enc\nt]4 ,pr$ictions 7 confid5tly made 9 _m qu>t]s t ! l9e c\ld nev] succe$4 ,x 0 decl>$ t ! utmo/ eng9e]+ skill c\ld n con/ruct a railway ?r\gh su* a c\ntry ( hills & h>d rocks2 & x 0 ma9ta9$ t1 ev5 if ! railroad 7 practicable1 x c\ld only be made at a ru9\s co/4 ,dur+ ! progress ( ! works1 z ! ,summit ,tunnel1 ne> ,littlebor\gh1 0 approa*+ completion1 ! rum\r 0 spread abroad 9 ,man*e/] t ! tunnel _h fall5 9 & buri$ a numb] ( ! workm54 ,! la/ ar* _h be5 key$ 91 & ! "w 0 all b f9i%$1 :5 ! accid5t occurr$ :i* 0 ?us exagg]at$ by ! ly+ tongue ( rum\r4 ,an inv]t _h giv5 way ?r\gh ! irregul> pressure ( ! surr\nd+ e>? & rock at a "p ( ! tunnel :]e a fault _h occurr$ 9 ! /rata4 ,a p>ty ( ! directors accompani$ ! eng9e] to inspect ! sc5e ( ! accid5t4 ,!y ent]$ ! tunnel's m\? prec$$ by upw>ds ( fifty navvies1 ea* be>+ a tor*4 ,aft] walk+ a di/ance ( ab\t half a mile1 ! inspect+ p>ty arriv$ at ! sc5e ( ! frightful accid5t1 ab\t :i* s mu* al>m _h be5 spread4 ,all t 0 visible 0 a c]ta9 unev5ness ( ! gr\nd1 :i* _h be5 =c$ up by ! inv]t "u x giv+ way2 ?us ! balla/ _h be5 loos5$1 ! dra9 runn+ along ! c5tre ( ! road _h be5 displac$1 & small pools ( wat] /ood ab\t4 ,b ! :ole ( ! walls & ! ro( 7 /ill z p]fect z at any o!r "p ( ! tunnel4 ,picture3 ,entrance to ! ,summit ,tunnel1 ,littlebor\gh ,! eng9e] expla9$ ! cause ( ! accid5t2 ! blue %ale1 he said1 ?r\gh :i* ! excavation pass$ at t po9t1 0 consid]$ s h>d & firm1 z to r5d] x unnecess>y to build ! inv]t v /rong !re4 ,b %ale is always a deceptive mat]ial4 ,subject$ to ! influ5ce ( ! atmosph]e1 x gives b a trea*]\s support4 ,9 ?is case1 fall+ away l quicklime1 x _h left ! lip ( ! inv]t alone to support ! pressure ( ! ar* above1 & h5ce its spr++ inw>ds & upw>ds4 ,mr4 ,/eph5son direct$ ! att5tion ( ! visitors to ! complet5ess ( ! ar* ov]head1 :]e n ! slighte/ fracture or yield+ c\ld be detect$4 ,speak+ ( ! "w1 9 ! c\rse ( ! same day1 he said1 ,i w /ake my "* & my head1 if t tunnel ev] give way1 s z to cause dang] to any ( ! public pass+ ?r\gh x4 ,tak+ x z a :ole1 ,i don't ?9k !re is su* ano!r piece ( "w 9 ! _w4 ,x is ! greate/ "w t has yet be5 done ( ?is k9d1 & !re has be5 less repair+ ?an is usual1--?\gh an eng9e] might well be beat5 9 8 calculations1 = he _c be=eh& see into ^? little fractur$ p>ts ( ! e>? he may meet )4 ,z ,/eph5son _h promis$1 ! inv]t 0 put 92 & ! tunnel 0 made p]fectly safe4 ,! con/ruction ( ?is subt]ranean road employ$ ! lab\r ( above a ?\s& m5 = ne>ly f\r ye>s4 ,besides excavat+ ! ar* out ( a solid rock1 !y us$ #bc1jjj1jjj ( bricks1 & #hjjj tons ( ,roman cem5t 9 ! build+ ( ! tunnel4 ,?irte5 /ation>y eng9es1 & ab\t #ajj horses1 7 also employ$ 9 draw+ ! e>? & /one out ( ! %afts4 ,its entire l5g? is #bhfi y>ds1 or ne>ly #a4ge mile--exce$+ ! fam\s ,kilsby ,tunnel by #dga y>ds4 ,! ,midl& ,railway 0 a fav\rite l9e ( ,mr4 ,/eph5son's = sev]al reasons4 ,x pass$ ?r\gh a ri* m9+ di/rict1 9 :i* x op5$ up _m valuable coalfields1 & x =m$ "p ( ! great ma9 l9e ( communication betwe5 ,london & ,ed9burgh4 ,! ,act 0 obta9$ 9 #ahcf1 & ! fir/ gr\nd 0 brok5 9 ,febru>y1 #ahcg4 ,al?\gh ! ,midl& ,railway 0 only "o ( ! _m great works ( ! same k9d execut$ at t "t1 x 0 almo/ en\gh ( itself to be ! a*ievem5t ( a life4 ,comp>e x1 = example ) ,napoleon's milit>y road ov] ! ,simplon1 & x w at once be se5 h[ greatly x excels t "w1 n only 9 ! con/ructive skill display$ 9 x1 b also 9 its co/ & magnitude1 & ! am\nt ( lab\r employ$ 9 its =mation4 ,! road ( ! ,simplon is #de miles 9 l5g?2 ! ,nor? ,midl& ,railway is #gb4e miles4 ,! =m] has #ej bridges & #e tunnels1 measur+ toge!r #acch feet 9 l5g?2 ! latt] has #bjj bridges & #g tunnels1 measur+ toge!r #aa1djj feet1 or ab\t #b4be miles4 ,! =m] co/ ab\t #gbj1jjj p\nds /]l+1 ! latt] above #c1jjj1jjj p\nds4 ,napoleon's gr& milit>y road 0 con/ruct$ 9 six ye>s1 at ! public co/ ( ! two great k+doms ( ,france & ,italy2 :ile ,/eph5son's railway 0 =m$ 9 ab\t ?ree ye>s1 by a company ( private m]*ants & capitali/s out ( _! own funds1 & "u _! own sup]9t5d5ce4 ,x is sc>cely necess>y t we %\ld give any acc\nt 9 detail ( ! ,nor? ,midl& works4 ,! mak+ ( "o tunnel s mu* resembles ! mak+ ( ano!r1--! build+ ( bridges & viaducts1 no matt] h[ ext5sive1 s mu* resembles ! build+ ( o!rs1--! cutt+ out ( dirt1 ! bla/+ ( rocks1 & ! :eel+ ( excavation into embankm5ts1 is s mu* a matt] ( m]e "t & h>d "w1--t is q unnecess>y = u to deta9 ! read] by any attempt at _! description4 ,( c\rse !re 7 ! usual difficulties to enc\nt] & ov]come1--b ! railway eng9e] reg>d$ ^! z m]e matt]s ( c\rse1 & w\ld probably h be5 disappo9t$ if !y _h n pres5t$ !mselves4 ,on ! ,midl&1 z on o!r l9es1 wat] 0 ! great enemy to be f\ght aga9/1--wat] 9 ! ,claycross & o!r tunnels1--wat] 9 ! boggy or s&y f\ndations ( bridges1--& wat] 9 cutt+s & embankm5ts4 ,z an illu/ration ( ! difficulties ( bridge build+1 we may m5tion ! case ( ! five-ar* bridge ov] ! ,d]w5t1 :]e x took two ye>s' "w1 night & day1 to get 9 ! f\ndations ( ! pi]s alone4 ,ano!r curi\s illu/ration ( ! mis*ief done by wat] 9 cutt+s may be briefly m5tion$4 ,at a "p ( ! ,nor? ,midl& ,l9e1 ne> ,amb]gate1 x 0 necess>y to pass along a hillside 9 a cutt+ a few y>ds deep4 ,z ! cutt+ proce$$1 a seam ( %ale 0 cut across1 ly+ at an incl9ation ( #f to #a2 & %ortly aft]1 ! wat] gett+ beh9d ! b$ ( %ale1 ! :ole mass ( e>? along ! hill above began to move d[n across ! l9e ( excavation4 ,! accid5t completely upset ! e/imates ( ! contractor1 :o1 in/ead ( #ej1jjj cubic y>ds1 f\nd t he _h ab\t #ejj1jjj to remove2 ! execution ( ?is "p ( ! railway occupy+ fifte5 mon?s in/ead ( two4 ,picture3 ,l&-slip on ,nor? ,midl& ,l9e1 ne> ,amb]gate ,! ,oak5%aw cutt+ ne> ,wakefield 0 also ( a v =midable "*4 ,ab\t #fjj1jjj y>ds ( rock %ale & b9d 7 qu>ri$ out ( x1 & l$ to =m ! adjo9+ ,oak5%aw embankm5t4 ,! ,normanton cutt+ 0 almo/ z heavy1 requir+ ! removal ( #djj1jjj y>ds ( ! same k9d ( excavation into embankm5t & spoil4 ,b ! progress ( ! works on ! l9e 0 s rapid 9 #ahci1 t n less ?an #dej1jjj cubic y>ds ( excavation 7 remov$ mon?ly4 ,picture3 ,bullbridge1 ne> ,amb]gate ,z a curiosity 9 con/ruction1 we may also m5tion a v delicate piece ( "w execut$ on ! same railway at ,bullbridge 9 ,d]by%ire1 :]e ! l9e at ! same po9t passes ov] a bridge :i* "h spans ! riv] ,amb]1 & "u ! b$ ( ! ,crom=d ,canal4 ,wat]1 bridge2 railway1 & canal1 7 ?us pil$ "o above ! o!r1 f\r /ories high2 su* ano!r curi\s complication probably n exi/+4 ,9 ord] to prev5t ! possibility ( ! wat]s ( ! canal break+ 9 ^u ! works ( ! railroad1 ,mr4 ,/eph5son _h an iron tr\gh made1 #aej feet long1 ( ! wid? ( ! canal1 & exactly fitt+ ! bottom4 ,x 0 br\ght to ! spot 9 ?ree pieces1 :i* 7 firmly weld$ toge!r1 & ! tr\gh 0 !n float$ into its place & sunk2 ! :ole op]ation be+ complet$ )\t 9 ! lea/ int]f]+ ) ! navigation ( ! canal4 ,! railway works und]nea? 7 !n proce$$ ) & f9i%$4 ,ano!r l9e ( ! same s]ies con/ruct$ by ,george ,/eph5son1 0 ! ,york & ,nor? ,midl&1 ext5d+ f ,normanton--a po9t on ! ,midl& ,railway--to ,york2 b x 0 a l9e ( easy =mation1 trav]s+ a comp>atively level c\ntry4 ,dur+ ! "t t our eng9e] 0 engag$ 9 sup]9t5d+ ! execution ( ^! und]tak+s1 he 0 occupi$ ^u o!r project$ railways 9 v>i\s p>ts ( ! c\ntry4 ,he survey$ sev]al l9es 9 ! neighb\rhood ( ,glasg[1 & aft]w>ds r\tes along ! ea/ coa/ f ,newca/le to ,ed9burgh1 ) ! view ( complet+ ! ma9 l9e ( communication ) ,london4 ,:5 out on foot 9 ! fields1 on ^! occasions1 he 0 ev] =emo/ 9 ! m>*2 & he delight$ to te/ ! pr[ess ( 8 companions by a good jump at any h$ge or dit* t lay 9 _! way4 ,8 companions us$ to rem>k 8 s+ul> quickness ( obs]vation4 ,no?+ escap$ 8 att5tion--! trees1 ! crops1 ! birds1 or ! f>m]'s /ock2 & he 0 usually full ( lively conv]sation1 ev]y?+ 9 nature af=d+ him an opportunity = mak+ "s /rik+ rem>k1 or prop\nd+ "s +5i\s !ory4 ,:5 tak+ a fly+ survey ( a new l9e1 8 ke5 obs]vation prov$ v useful to him1 = he rapidly not$ ! g5]al configuration ( ! c\ntry1 & inf]r$ its geological /ructure4 ,he aft]w>ds rem>k$ to a fri5d1 ,i h plann$ _m a railway travell+ along 9 a po/*aise1 & foll[+ ! natural l9e ( ! c\ntry4 ,& x 0 rem>kable t 8 fir/ impressions ( ! direction to be tak5 almo/ inv>iably prov$ correct2 & !re are few ( ! l9es survey$ & recomm5d$ by him :i* h n be5 execut$1 ei!r dur+ 8 lifetime or s9ce4 ,z an illu/ration ( 8 quick & %rewd obs]vation on su* occasions1 we may m5tion t :5 employ$ to lay out a l9e to connect ,man*e/]1 ?r\gh ,macclesfield1 ) ! ,pott]ies1 ! g5tleman :o accompani$ him on ! j\rney ( inspection caution$ him to provide l>ge accommodation = c>ry+ (f ! wat]1 obs]v+--,y mu/ n judge by ! appe>ance ( ! brooks2 = aft] heavy ra9s ^! hills p\r d[n volumes ( wat]1 ( :i* y c h no conception4 ,pooh6 pooh6 don't ,i see y\r bridges8 repli$ ! eng9e]4 ,he _h not$ ! details ( ea* z he pass$ along4 ,among ! o!r projects :i* occupi$ 8 att5tion ab\t ! same "t1 7 ! project$ l9es betwe5 ,*e/] & ,holyhead1 betwe5 ,le$s & ,brad=d1 & betwe5 ,lanca/] & ,m>yport by ! we/]n coa/4 ,?is latt] 0 int5d$ to =m "p ( a we/-coa/ l9e to ,scotl&2 ,/eph5son fav\r+ x p>tly because ( ! flatness ( ! gradi5ts1 & also because x c\ld be =m$ at comp>atively small co/1 :il/ x w\ld op5 out a valuable iron-m9+ di/rict1 f :i* a l>ge traffic 9 iron/one 0 expect$4 ,"o ( its collat]al advantages1 9 ! eng9e]'s op9ion1 01 t by =m+ ! railway directly across ,morecambe ,bay1 on ! nor?-we/ coa/ ( ,lanca%ire1 a l>ge tract ( valuable l& might be reclaim$ f ! sea1 ! sale ( :i* w\ld consid]ably r$uce ! co/ ( ! works4 ,he e/imat$ t by means ( a solid embankm5t across ! bay1 n less ?an #dj1jjj acres ( ri* alluvial l& w\ld be ga9$4 ,he propos$ to c>ry ! road across ! t5 miles ( s&s :i* lie betwe5 ,p\lton1 ne> ,lanca/]1 & ,humphrey ,head on ! opposite coa/1 =m+ ! l9e 9 a segm5t ( a circle ( five miles' radius4 ,8 plan 0 to drive 9 piles across ! entire l5g?1 =m+ a solid f5ce ( /one blocks on ! l& side = ! purpose ( reta9+ ! s& & silt br\ght d[n by ! riv]s f ! int]ior4 ,! embankm5t w\ld !n be rais$ f "t to "t z ! deposit accumulat$1 until ! l& 0 fill$ up to high-wat] m>k2 provision be+ made by means ( suffici5t ar*es1 = ! fl[ ( ! riv] wat]s into ! bay4 ,! execution ( ! railway aft] ?is plan w\ld1 h[ev]1 h occupi$ m ye>s ?an ! promot]s ( ! ,we/ ,coa/ l9e 7 dispos$ to wait2 & ev5tually ,mr4 ,locke's m direct b unev5 l9e by ,%ap ,fell 0 adopt$4 ,a railway has s9ce be5 c>ri$ across ! head ( ! bay2 & x is n improbable t ,/eph5son's l>g] s*eme ( reclaim+ ! va/ tract ( l& n[ left b>e at ea* rec$+ tide1 may yet be c>ri$ out4 ,:ile occupi$ 9 c>ry+ out ! great railway und]tak+s :i* we h above s briefly describ$1 ,mr4 ,/eph5son's home cont9u$1 = ! great] "p ( ! "t1 to be at ,alton ,grange1 ne> ,leice/]4 ,b he 0 s mu* occupi$ 9 travell+ ab\t f "o committee ( directors to ano!r--"o week 9 ,engl&1 ano!r 9 ,scotl&1 & probably ! next 9 ,irel&1--t he (t5 did n see 8 home = weeks toge!r4 ,he _h also to make frequ5t inspections ( ! v>i\s important & difficult works 9 progress1 especially on ! ,midl& & ,man*e/] & ,le$s l9es2 besides occasionally go+ to ,newca/le to see h[ ! locomotive works 7 go+ on !re4 ,dur+ ! ?ree ye>s end+ 9 #ahcg--p]haps ! busie/ ye>s ( 8 life #bfc--;he travell$ by po/*aise alone upw>ds ( #bj1jjj miles1 & yet n less ?an six mon?s out ( ! ?ree ye>s 7 sp5t 9 ,london4 ,h5ce !re is comp>atively little to record ( ,mr4 ,/eph5son's private life at ?is p]iod2 dur+ :i* he _h sc>cely a mom5t t he c\ld call 8 own4 ,8 correspond5ce increas$ s mu*1 t he f\nd x necess>y to engage a private secret>y1 :o accompani$ him on 8 j\rneys4 ,he 0 himself exce$+ly av]se to writ+ lett]s4 ,! comp>atively advanc$ age at :i* ho le>nt ! art ( writ+1 & ! nature ( 8 duties :ile engag$ at ! ,kill+wor? colli]y1 preclud$ t facility 9 correspond5ce :i* only con/ant practice c give4 ,he gradually1 h[ev]1 acquir$ great facility 9 dictation1 & possess$ ! p[] ( lab\r+ cont9u\sly at ?is "w2 ! g5tleman :o act$ z 8 secret>y 9 #ahce1 hav+ in=m$ u t dur+ 8 busy season he "o day dictat$ n few] ?an #cg lett]s1 sev]al ( !m embody+ ! results ( mu* close ?9k+ & calculation4 ,on ano!r occasion1 he dictat$ reports & lett]s = twelve cont9u\s h\rs1 until 8 secret>y 0 ready to drop (f 8 *air f %e] exhau/ion1 & at l5g? he plead$ = a susp5sion ( ! lab\r4 ,?is great mass ( correspond5ce1 al?\gh closely be>+ on ! subjects "u discussion1 0 n1 h[ev]1 ( a k9d to supply ! biograph] ) matt] = quotation1 or give t insight into ! life & "* ( ! writ] :i* ! lett]s ( lit]>y m5 s (t5 furni%4 ,!y 71 = ! mo/ "p1 lett]s ( m]e bus9ess1 relat+ to works 9 progress1 p>liam5t>y conte/s1 new surveys1 e/imates ( co/1 & railway policy1--curt1 & to ! po9t2 9 %ort1 ! lett]s ( a man e mom5t ( ^: "t 0 preci\s4 ,he 0 also frequ5tly call$ ^u to inspect & report ^u colli]y works1 salt works1 brass & copp] works1 & su* l1 9 addition to 8 own colli]y & railway bus9ess4 ,& occasionally he w\ld run up to ,london1 = ! purpose ( att5d+ 9 p]son to ! prep>ation & deposit ( ! plans & sections ( ! project$ und]tak+s ( :i* he _h be5 appo9t$ eng9e]4 ,=tunately ,/eph5son possess$ a facility ( sleep+1 :i* enabl$ him to pass ?r\gh ?is enorm\s am\nt ( fatigue & lab\r )\t injury to 8 heal?4 ,he _h be5 tra9$ 9 a h>d s*ool1 & c\ld be> ) ease conditions :i*1 to m5 m s(tly nurtur$1 w\ld h be5 ! extreme ( physical discom=t4 ,_m1 _m nights he snat*$ 8 sleep :ile travell+ 9 8 *aise2 & at break ( day he w\ld be at "w1 survey+ until d>k1 & ?is = weeks 9 succession4 ,8 :ole p[]s seem$ to be "u ! control ( 8 w1 = he c\ld wake at any h\r1 & g to "w at once4 ,x 0 difficult = secret>ies & assi/ants to keep up ) su* a man4 ,x is pleasant to record t 9 ! mid/ ( ^! engross+ occupations1 8 he>t rema9$ z s(t & lov+ z ev]4 ,9 spr+-"t he w\ld n be deb>r$ ( 8 boyi% pursuit ( bird-ne/+2 b w\ld g rambl+ along ! h$ges spy+ = ne/s4 ,9 ! autumn he w5t nutt+1 & :5 he c\ld snat* a few m9utes he indulg$ 9 8 old love ( g>d5+4 ,8 uni=m k9dness & good temp]1 & 8 communicative1 intellig5t disposition1 made him a great fav\rite ) ! neighb\r+ f>m]s1 to :om he w\ld volunte] mu* valuable advice on agricultural op]ations1 dra9age1 pl\gh+1 & lab\r-sav+ processes4 ,sometimes he took a long rural ride on 8 fav\rite ,bobby1 n[ gr[+ old1 b z fond ( 8 ma/] z ev]4 ,t[>ds ! end ( 8 life1 ,bobby liv$ 9 clov]1 its ma/]'s pet1 do+ no "w2 & he di$ at ,tapton1 9 #ahde1 m ?an tw5ty ye>s old4 ,dur+ "o ( ,george's brief soj\rns at ! ,grange1 he f\nd "t to write to 8 son a t\*+ acc\nt ( a pair ( rob9s t _h built _! ne/ )9 "o ( ! upp] *amb]s ( ! h\se4 ,"o day he obs]v$ a rob9 flutt]+ outside ! w9d[s1 & beat+ its w+s aga9/ ! panes1 z if eag] to ga9 admission4 ,he w5t up /airs1 & !re f\nd1 9 a retir$ "p ( "o ( ! rooms1 a rob9's ne/1 ) "o ( ! p>5t birds sitt+ ov] ?ree or f\r "y--all dead4 ,! exclud$ bird outside /ill beat aga9/ ! panes2 & on ! w9d[ be+ let d[n1 x flew into ! room1 b 0 s exhau/$ t x dropp$ ^u ! floor4 ,mr4 ,/eph5son took up ! bird1 c>ri$ x d[n /airs1 _h x w>m$ & f$4 ,! poor rob9 reviv$1 & = a "t 0 "o ( 8 pets4 ,b x %ortly di$ too1 z if unable to recov] f ! privations x _h endur$ dur+ its ?ree days' flutt]+ & beat+ at ! w9d[s4 ,x appe>$ t ! room _h be5 unoccupi$1 &1 ! sa% hav+ be5 let d[n1 ! rob9s _h tak5 ! opportunity ( build+ _! ne/ )9 x2 b ! s]vant hav+ clos$ ! w9d[ aga91 ! calamity befel ! birds :i* s /rongly excit$ ,mr4 ,/eph5son's sympa?ies4 ,an incid5t su* z ?is1 trifl+ ?\gh x may seem1 gives ! true key to ! he>t ( ! man4 ,! am\nt ( _! ,p>liam5t>y bus9ess hav+ greatly increas$ ) ! projection ( new l9es ( railway1 ! ,/eph5sons f\nd x necess>y to set up an (fice 9 ,london 9 #ahcf4 ,george's fir/ (fice 0 at #i1 ,duke ,/reet1 ,we/m9/]1 f :5ce he remov$ 9 ! foll[+ ye> to #cj4e1 ,great ,george-/reet4 ,t (fice 0 ! busy sc5e ( railway politics = sev]al ye>s4 ,!re consultations 7 held1 s*emes 7 matur$1 deputations 7 receiv$1 & _m projectors call$ ^u our eng9e] = ! purpose ( submitt+ to him _! plans ( railways & railway work+4 ,8 private secret>y at ! "t has in=m$ u t at ! end ( ! fir/ ,p>liam5t>y session 9 :i* he _h be5 engag$ z eng9e] = m companies ?an "o1 x became necess>y = him to give in/ructions z to ! prep>ation ( ! acc\nts to be r5d]$ to ! respective companies4 ,9 ! simplicity ( 8 he>t1 he direct$ ,mr4 ,b9ns to take 8 full "t at ! rate ( t5 gu9eas a day1 & *>ge ! railway companies 9 ! proportion 9 :i* he _h be5 actually employ$ on _! respective bus9ess dur+ ea* day4 ,:5 ,rob]t he>d ( ?is in/ruction1 he w5t directly to 8 fa!r & expo/ulat$ ) him aga9/ ?is unpr(essional c\rse2 &1 o!r influ5ces be+ br\ght to be> ^u him1 ,george at l5g? reluctantly cons5t$ to *>ge z o!r eng9e]s did1 an entire day's fee to ea* ( ! ,companies = :i* he 0 conc]n$ :il/ _! bus9ess 0 go+ =w>d2 b he cut d[n ! numb] ( days *>g$ = & r$uc$ ! daily am\nt f t5 to sev5 gu9eas4 ,besides 8 j\rneys at home1 ,mr4 ,/eph5son 0 on m ?an "o occasion call$ abroad on railway bus9ess4 ,?us1 at ! desire ( ,k+ ,leopold1 he made sev]al visits to ,belgium to assi/ ! ,belgian eng9e]s 9 lay+ out ! national l9es ( t k+dom4 ,t enlight5$ mon>* at an e>ly p]iod disc]n$ ! p[]ful in/rum5tality ( railways 9 develop+ a c\ntry's res\rces1 & he det]m9$ at ! e>lie/ possible p]iod to adopt !m z ! great high-roads ( ! nation4 ,! c\ntry1 be+ ri* 9 coal & m9]als1 _h great manufactur+ capabilities4 ,x _h good ports1 f9e navigable riv]s1 abundant canals1 & a teem+1 indu/ri\s population4 ,leopold p]ceiv$ t railways 7 em95tly calculat$ to br+ ! indu/ry ( ! c\ntry into full play1 & to r5d] ! ri*es ( ! prov9ces available to ! re/ ( ! k+dom4 ,he !re=e op5ly decl>$ himself ! promot] ( public railways ?r\gh\t ,belgium4 ,a sy/em ( l9es 0 project$1 at 8 in/ance1 connect+ ,brussels ) ! *ief t[ns & cities ( ! k+dom2 ext5d+ f ,o/5d ea/w>d to ! ,prussian fronti]1 & f ,antw]p s\?w>d to ! ,fr5* fronti]4 ,mr4 ,/eph5son & 8 son1 z ! lead+ railway-eng9e]s ( ,engl&1 7 consult$ by ! ,k+ on ! be/ mode ( c>ry+ out 8 important plans1 z e>ly z #ahce4 ,9 ! c\rse ( t ye> !y visit$ ,belgium1 & _h sev]al int]e/+ conf]5ces ) ,leopold & 8 m9i/]s on ! subject ( ! propos$ railways4 ,! ,k+ !n appo9t$ ,george ,/eph5son by royal ord9ance a ,knight ( ! ,ord] ( ,leopold4 ,at ! invitation ( ! mon>*1 ,mr4 ,/eph5son made a second visit to ,belgium 9 #ahcg1 on ! occasion ( ! public op5+ ( ! l9e f ,brussels to ,gh5t4 ,at ,brussels !re 0 a public procession1 & ano!r at ,gh5t on ! arrival ( ! tra94 ,/eph5son & 8 p>ty accompani$ x to ! ,public ,hall1 !re to d9e ) ! *ief ,m9i/]s ( ,/ate1 ! municipal au?orities1 & ab\t five hundr$ ( ! pr9cipal inhabitants ( ! city2 ! ,engli% ,ambassador be+ also pres5t4 ,aft] ! ,k+'s heal? & a few o!rs _h be5 drunk1 t ( ,mr4 ,/eph5son 0 propos$2 on :i* ! :ole assembly rose up1 amid/ great excitem5t & l\d applause1 & made _! way to :]e he sat1 9 ord] to j+le glasses ) him1 greatly to 8 own amazem5t4 ,on ! day foll[+1 our eng9e] d9$ ) ! ,k+ & ,que5 at _! own table at ,laak51 by special invitation2 aft]w>ds accompany+ 8 ,maje/y & suite to a public ball giv5 by ! municipality ( ,brussels1 9 hon\r ( ! op5+ ( ! l9e to ,gh5t1 z well z ( _! di/+ui%$ ,engli% gue/4 ,on ent]+ ! room1 ! g5]al & excit$ inquiry 01 ,:i* is ,/eph5son8 ,! ,engli% eng9e] _h n be=e imag9$ t he 0 e/eem$ to be s great a man4 ,! ,london & ,birm+ham ,railway hav+ be5 complet$ 9 ,septemb]1 #ahch1 aft] be+ ab\t five ye>s 9 progress1 ! great ma9 sy/em ( railway communication betwe5 ,london1 ,liv]pool1 & ,man*e/] 0 !n op5$ to ! public4 ,= "s mon?s previ\sly1 ! l9e _h be5 p>tially op5$1 coa*es p]=m+ ! j\rney betwe5 ,d5bigh ,hall 7ne> ,wolv]ton7 & ,rugby1--! works ( ! ,kilsby tunnel be+ /ill incomplete4 ,x 0 already amus+ to he> ! compla9ts ( ! travell]s ab\t ! sl[ness ( ! coa*es z comp>$ ) ! railway1 ?\gh ! coa*es travell$ at ! spe$ ( elev5 miles an h\r4 ,! comp>ison ( com=t 0 also greatly to ! disp>agem5t ( ! coa*es4 ,!n ! railway tra9 c\ld accommodate any quantity1 :il/ ! road conveyances 7 limit$2 & :5 a press ( travell]s occurr$--z on ! occasion ( ! ,que5's coronation--! greate/ inconv5i5ce 0 exp]i5c$1 & z mu* z #aj p\nds 0 paid = a seat on a donkey-*aise betwe5 ,rugby & ,d5bigh4 ,on ! op5+ ( ! railway ?r\gh\t1 ( c\rse all ?is inconv5i5ce & delay 0 br\ght to an end4 ,num]\s o!r op5+s ( railways con/ruct$ by ,mr4 ,/eph5son took place ab\t ! same "t4 ,! ,birm+ham & ,d]by l9e 0 op5$ = traffic 9 ,augu/1 #ahci2 ! ,%effield & ,ro!rham 9 ,novemb]1 #ahci2 & 9 ! c\rse ( ! foll[+ ye>1 ! ,midl&1 ! ,york & ,nor? ,midl&1 ! ,*e/] & ,crewe1 ! ,*e/] & ,birk5head1 ! ,man*e/] & ,birm+ham1 ! ,man*e/] & ,le$s1 & ! ,m>yport & ,c>lisle railways1 7 all publicly op5$ 9 :ole or 9 "p4 ,?us #cba miles ( railway 7exclusive ( ! ,london & ,birm+ham7 con/ruct$ "u ,mr4 ,/eph5son's sup]9t5d5ce1 at a co/ ( upw>ds ( elev5 millions /]l+1 71 9 ! c\rse ( ab\t two ye>s1 add$ to ! traffic accommodation ( ! c\ntry4 ,! c]emonies :i* accompani$ ! public op5+ ( ^! l9es 7 (t5 ( an int]e/+ "*4 ,! adjo9+ population held g5]al holiday2 b&s play$1 bann]s wav$1 & assembl$ ?\s&s *e]$ ! pass+ tra9s amid/ ! occasional boom+ ( cannon4 ,! proce$+s 7 usually w\nd up by a public d9n]2 & 9 ! c\rse ( ! spee*es :i* foll[$1 ,mr4 ,/eph5son w\ld rev]t to 8 fav\rite topic--! difficulties :i* he _h e>ly enc\nt]$ 9 ! promotion ( ! railway sy/em1 & 9 e/abli%+ ! sup]iority ( ! locomotive4 ,on su* occasions he always took great pleasure 9 allud+ to ! s]vices r5d]$ to himself & ! public by ! "y m5 br\ght up "u 8 eye--8 pupils at fir/1 & aft]w>ds 8 assi/ants4 ,no great ma/] ev] possess$ a m devot$ b& ( assi/ants & fell[-work]s ?an he did4 ,x 0 "o ( ! mo/ m>k$ evid5ces ( 8 own admirable tact & judgm5t t he select$1 ) su* undeviat+ correctness1 ! m5 be/ fitt$ to c>ry out 8 plans4 ,inde$1 ! ability to accompli% great ?+s1 & to c>ry gr& ideas into practical effect1 dep5ds 9 no small measure on t intuitive k ( "*1 :i* ,/eph5son possess$ 9 s rem>kable a degree4 ,at ! d9n] at ,york1 :i* foll[$ ! p>tial op5+ ( ! ,york & ,nor? ,midl& ,railway1 ,mr4 ,/eph5son said1 he 0 sure !y w\ld appreciate 8 feel+s :5 he told !m1 t :5 he fir/ began railway bus9ess 8 hair 0 black1 al?\gh x 0 n[ grey2 & t he began 8 life's lab\r z b a poor pl\ghboy4 ,ab\t ?irty ye>s s9ce1 he _h appli$ himself to ! /udy ( h[ to g5]ate high velocities by me*anical means4 ,he ?\ght he _h solv$ t problem2 & !y _h = !mselves se51 t day1 :at p]sev]ance _h br\ght him too4 ,he 01 on t occasion1 only too happy to h an opportunity ( ackn[l$g+ t he _h1 9 ! latt] portion ( 8 c>e]1 receiv$ mu* mo/ valuable assi/ance1 p>ticul>ly f "y m5 br\ght up 9 8 manufactory4 ,:5ev] tal5t %[$ itself 9 a "y man he _h always giv5 t tal5t enc\ragem5t :]e he c\ld1 & he w\ld cont9ue to d s4 ,t ?is 0 no exagg]at$ /atem5t is amply prov$ by _m facts :i* r$\nd to ,mr4 ,/eph5son's cr$it4 ,he 0 no nigg>d ( enc\ragem5t & praise :5 he saw hone/ indu/ry /ruggl+ = a foot+4 ,_m 7 ! "y m5 :om1 9 ! c\rse ( 8 useful c>e]1 he took by ! h& & l$ /eadily up to hon\r & emolum5t1 simply because he _h not$ _! zeal1 dilig5ce1 & integrity4 ,"o y\? excit$ 8 int]e/ :ile work+ z a common c>p5t] on ! ,liv]pool & ,man*e/] l9e2 & be=e _m ye>s _h pass$1 he 0 recognis$ z an eng9e] ( di/9ction4 ,ano!r "y man he f\nd indu/ri\sly work+ away at 8 bye-h\rs1 &1 admir+ 8 dilig5ce1 engag$ him = 8 private secret>y1 ! g5tleman %ortly aft] ris+ to a position ( em95t influ5ce & usefulness4 ,inde$1 no?+ gave ,mr4 ,/eph5son great] pleasure ?an 9 ?is way to help on any des]v+ y\? :o came "u 8 obs]vation1 &1 9 8 own expressive phrase1 to make a man ( him4 ,! op5+s ( ! great ma9 l9es ( railroad communication %ortly prov$ ! fallaci\sness ( ! num]\s ra% prophecies :i* _h be5 promulgat$ by ! oppon5ts ( railways4 ,! proprietors ( ! canals 7 a/\nd$ by ! fact t1 not)/&+ ! imm5se traffic convey$ by rail1 _! own traffic & receipts cont9u$ to increase2 & t1 9 common ) o!r int]e/s1 !y fully %>$ 9 ! expansion ( trade & comm]ce :i* _h be5 s effectually promot$ by ! ext5sion ( ! railway sy/em4 ,! cattle-own]s 7 equally amaz$ to f9d ! price ( horse-fle% increas+ ) ! ext5sion ( railways1 & t ! numb] ( coa*es runn+ to & f ! new railway /ations gave employm5t to a great] numb] ( horses ?an "u ! old /age-coa* sy/em4 ,^? :o _h prophesi$ ! decay ( ! metropolis1 & ! ru9 ( ! suburban cabbage-gr[]s1 9 consequ5ce ( ! approa* ( railways to ,london1 7 also disappo9t$2 =1 :ile ! new roads let citiz5s out ( ,london1 !y let c\ntry-p 94 ,_! action1 9 ?is respect1 0 c5tripetal z well z c5trifugal4 ,t5s ( ?\s&s :o _h nev] se5 ! metropolis c\ld n[ visit x exp$iti\sly & *eaply2 & ,london]s :o _h nev] visit$ ! c\ntry1 or b r>ely1 7 enabl$1 at little co/ ( "t or money1 to see gre5 fields & cle> blue skies1 f> f ! smoke & bu/le ( t[n4 ,if ! de> suburban-gr[n cabbages became depreciat$ 9 value1 !re 7 truck-loads ( fre%-gr[n c\ntry cabbages to make am5ds = ! loss3 9 ?is case1 ! p>tial evil 0 a f> m g5]al good4 ,! food ( ! metropolis became rapidly improv$1 especially 9 ! supply ( :olesome meat & vegetables4 ,& !n ! price ( coals--an article :i*1 9 ?is c\ntry1 is z indisp5sable z daily food to all classes--0 greatly r$uc$4 ,:at a bless+ to ! metropolitan poor is describ$ 9 ?is s+le fact6 ,! prophecies ( ru9 & disa/] to l&lords & f>m]s 7 equally conf\nd$ by ! op5+s ( ! railways4 ,! agricultural communications1 s f> f be+ de/roy$1 z _h be5 pr$ict$1 7 imm5sely improv$4 ,! f>m]s 7 enabl$ to buy _! coals1 lime1 & manure = less money1 :ile !y obta9$ a readi] access to ! be/ m>kets = _! /ock & f>m-produce4 ,not)/&+ ! pr$ictions to ! contr>y1 _! c[s gave milk z be=e1 _! %eep f$ & fatt5$1 & ev5 skitti% horses ceas$ to %y at ! pass+ locomotive4 ,! smoke ( ! eng9es did n obscure ! sky1 nor 7 f>my>ds burnt up by ! fire ?r[n f ! locomotives4 ,! f>m+ classes 7 n r$uc$ to begg>y2 on ! contr>y1 !y soon felt t1 s f> f hav+ any?+ to dread1 !y _h v mu* good to expect f ! ext5sion ( railways4 ,l&lords also f\nd t !y c\ld get high] r5ts = f>ms situat$ ne> a railway ?an at a di/ance f "o4 ,h5ce !y became clamor\s = sid+s4 ,!y felt x to be a grievance to be plac$ at a di/ance f a /ation4 ,aft] a railway _h be5 once op5$1 n a l&lord w\ld cons5t to h ! l9e tak5 f him4 ,own]s :o _h f\ght ! promot]s be=e ,p>liam5t1 & compell$ !m to pass _! doma9s at a di/ance1 at a va/ly-increas$ exp5se 9 tunnels & deviations1 n[ petition$ = bran*es & ne>] /ation accommodation4 ,^? :o held prop]ty ne> t[ns1 & _h extort$ l>ge sums z comp5sation = ! anticipat$ det]ioration 9 ! value ( _! build+ l&1 f\nd a new dem& = x spr++ up at greatly advanc$ prices4 ,l& 0 n[ adv]tis$ = sale1 ) ! attraction ( be+ ne> a railway /ation4 ,! pr$iction t1 ev5 if railways 7 made1 ! public w\ld n use !m1 0 also completely falsifi$ by ! results4 ,! ord9>y mode ( fa/ travell+ = ! middle classes _h h]et(ore be5 by mail-coa* & /age-coa*4 ,^? :o c\ld n af=d to pay ! high prices *>g$ = su* conveyances w5t by waggon1 & ! poor] classes trudg$ on foot4 ,george ,/eph5son 0 wont to say t he hop$ to see ! day :5 x w\ld be *eap] = a poor man to travel by railway ?an to walk1 & n _m ye>s pass$ be=e 8 expectation 0 fulfill$4 ,9 no c\ntry 9 ! _w is "t wor? m money ?an 9 ,engl&2 & by sav+ "t--! crit]ion ( di/ance--! railway prov$ a great b5efactor to m5 ( indu/ry 9 all classes4 ,x 0 "s "t be=e ! m opul5t1 :o c\ld af=d to po/ to t[n 9 ari/ocratic /yle1 became reconcil$ to railway travell+4 ,9 ! op9ion ( _m1 x 0 only ano!r illu/ration ( ! levell+ t5d5cies ( ! age4 ,x put an end to t gradation ( rank 9 travell+ :i* 0 "o ( ! few ?+s left by :i* ! nobleman c\ld be di/+ui%$ f ! ,man*e/] manufactur] & bagman4 ,b to y\ng] sons ( noble families ! conv5i5ce & *eapness ( ! railway did n fail to recomm5d itself4 ,"o ( ^!1 ^: elde/ bro!r _h j succe$$ to an e>ldom1 said "o day to a railway manag]3 ,i l railways--!y j suit "y fell[s l me ) 'no?+ p] annum paid qu>t]ly4' ,y "k we c't af=d to po/1 & x us$ to be deuc$ annoy+ to me1 z ,i 0 jogg+ along on ! box-seat ( ! /age-coa*1 to see ! little ,e>l g by drawn by 8 f\r po/]s1 & j look up at me & give me a nod4 ,b n[1 ) railways1 x's diff]5t4 ,x's true1 he may take a fir/-class ticket1 :ile ,i c only af=d a second-class "o1 b we bo? g ! same pace4 ,= a "t1 h[ev]1 _m ( ! old families s5t =w>d _! s]vants & luggage by railroad1 & condemn$ !mselves to jog along ! old highway 9 ! accu/om$ family *>iot1 dragg$ by c\ntry po/-horses4 ,b ! sup]ior com=t ( ! railway %ortly recomm5d$ itself to ev5 ! olde/ families2 po/+ w5t out ( date2 po/-horses 7 ) difficulty to be _h along ev5 ! great high-roads2 & nobles & s]vants1 manufactur]s & peasants1 alike %>$ 9 ! com=t1 ! conv5i5ce1 & ! despat* ( railway travell+4 ,! late ,dr4 ,arnold1 ( ,rugby1 reg>d$ ! op5+ ( ! ,london & ,birm+ham l9e z ano!r great /ep accompli%$ 9 ! m>* ( civilisation4 ,i rejoice to see x1 he said1 z he /ood on "o ( ! bridges ov] ! railway1 & wat*$ ! tra9 fla%+ along "u him1 & away ?r\gh ! di/ant h$g][s--,i rejoice to see x1 & to ?9k t feudality is gone = ev]3 x is s great a bless+ to ?9k t any "o evil is really ext9ct4 ,x 0 long be=e ! late ,duke ( ,well+ton w\ld tru/ himself beh9d a locomotive4 ,! fatal accid5t to ,mr4 ,huskisson1 :i* _h happ5$ be=e 8 eyes1 contribut$ to prejudice him /rongly aga9/ railways1 & x 0 n until ! ye> #ahdc t he p]=m$ 8 fir/ trip on ! ,s\?-,we/]n ,railway1 9 att5dance ^u h] ,maje/y4 ,pr9ce ,alb]t _h = "s "t be5 accu/om$ to travel by railway alone1 b 9 #ahdb ! ,que5 began to make use ( ! same mode ( conveyance betwe5 ,w9dsor & ,london4 ,ev5 ,colonel ,sib?orpe 0 ev5tually compell$ to ackn[l$ge its utility4 ,= a "t he cont9u$ to po/ to & f ! c\ntry z be=e4 ,!n he compromis$ ! matt] by tak+ a railway ticket = ! long j\rney1 & po/+ only a /age or two ne>e/ t[n2 until1 at l5g?1 he undisguis$ly committ$ himself1 l o!r p1 to ! express tra91 & p]=m$ ! j\rney ?r\gh\t ^u :at he _h =m]ly d5\nc$ z ! inf]nal railroad4 ,picture3 ,coalville & ,snib/on ,colli]y ,picture3 ,tapton ,h\se1 ne> ,*e/]field ,,*apt] ,,xv4 ,,george ,,/eph5son',s ,,coal ,,m9es--,,appe>s ,,at ,,me*anics' ,,in/itutes--,,8 ,,op9ion ,,on ,,railway ,,spe$s--,,atmosph]ic ,,sy/em--,,railway ,,mania--,,visits ,,to ,,belgium ,,& ,,spa94 ,:ile ,george ,/eph5son 0 engag$ 9 c>ry+ on ! works ( ! ,midl& ,railway 9 ! neighb\rhood ( ,*e/]field1 sev]al seams ( coal 7 cut ?r\gh 9 ! ,claycross ,tunnel1 & x occurr$ to him t if m9es 7 op5$ out !re1 ! railway w\ld provide ! means ( a ready sale = ! article 9 ! midl& c\nties1 & z f> s\? z ev5 ! metropolis itself4 ,at a "t :5 ev]ybody else 0 sceptical z to ! possibility ( coals be+ c>ri$ f ! midl& c\nties to ,london1 & sold !re at a price to compete ) ^? :i* 7 seaborne1 he decl>$ 8 firm conviction t ! "t 0 fa/ approa*+ :5 ! ,london m>ket w\ld be regul>ly suppli$ ) nor?-c\ntry coals l$ by railway4 ,"o ( ! greate/ advantages ( railways1 9 8 op9ion 0 t !y w\ld br+ iron & coal1 ! /aple products ( ! c\ntry1 to ! doors ( all ,engl&4 ,! /r5g? ( ,brita91 he w\ld say1 lies 9 h] iron & coal b$s2 & ! locomotive is de/9$1 above all o!r ag5cies1 to br+ x =?4 ,! ,"l ,*ancellor n[ sits ^u a bag ( wool2 b wool has long ceas$ to be emblematical ( ! /aple commodity ( ,engl&4 ,he ought r to sit ^u a bag ( coals1 ?\gh x might n prove q s com=table a seat4 ,!n ?9k ( ! ,"l ,*ancellor be+ address$ z ! noble & le>n$ "l on ! coal-sack6 ,i am afraid x w\ldn't answ]1 aft] all4 ,to "o g5tleman he said3 ,we want f ! coal-m9+1 ! iron-produc+ & manufactur+ di/ricts1 a great railway = ! c>riage ( ^! valuable products4 ,we want1 if ,i may s say1 a /ream ( /eam runn+ directly ?r\gh ! c\ntry1 f ! ,nor? to ,london1 & f o!r simil> di/ricts to ,london4 ,spe$ is n s mu* an object z utility & *eapness4 ,x w n d to mix up ! heavy m]*&ise & coal tra9s ) ! pass5g] tra9s4 ,coal & mo/ k9ds ( goods c wait2 b pass5g]s w n4 ,a less p]fect road & less exp5sive works w d well en\gh = coal tra9s1 if run at a l[ spe$2 & if ! l9e be flat1 x is n ( mu* consequ5ce :e!r x be direct or n4 ,:5ev] y put pass5g] tra9s on a l9e1 all ! o!r tra9s mu/ be run at high spe$s to keep out ( _! way4 ,b coal tra9s run at high spe$s pull ! road to pieces1 besides caus+ l>ge exp5diture 9 locomotive p[]2 & ,i d\bt v mu* :e!r !y w pay aft] all2 b a succession ( long coal tra9s1 if run at f t5 to f\rte5 miles an h\r1 w\ld pay v well4 ,?us ! ,/ockton & ,d>l+ton ,company made a l>g] pr(it :5 runn+ coal at l[ spe$s at a halfp5ny a ton p] mile1 ?an !y h be5 able to d s9ce !y put on _! fa/ pass5g] tra9s1 :5 ev]y?+ mu/ ne$s be run fa/]1 & a mu* l>g] proportion ( ! gross receipts is absorb$ by work+ exp5ses4 ,9 advocat+ ^! views1 ,mr4 ,/eph5son 0 consid]ably ahead ( 8 "t2 & al?\gh he did n live to see 8 anticipations fully realis$ z to ! supply ( ! ,london coal-m>ket1 he 0 nev]!less ! fir/ to po9t out1 & to "s ext5t to prove1 ! practicability ( e/abli%+ a pr(itable coal trade by railway betwe5 ! nor!rn c\nties & ! metropolis4 ,s long1 h[ev]1 z ! traffic 0 conduct$ on ma9 pass5g] l9es at comp>atively high spe$s1 x 0 f\nd t ! exp5diture on te> & we> ( road & locomotive p[]1--n to m5tion ! increas$ risk ( c>ry+ on ! fir/-class pass5g] traffic ) :i* x 0 mix$ up1--necess>ily left a v small m>g9 ( pr(it2 & h5ce ,mr4 ,/eph5son 0 9 ! habit ( urg+ ! propriety ( con/ruct+ a railway :i* %\ld be exclusively devot$ to goods & m9]al traffic run at l[ spe$s z ! only condition on :i* a l>ge railway traffic ( t sort c\ld be pr(itably conduct$4 ,hav+ induc$ "s ( 8 ,liv]pool fri5ds to jo9 him 9 a coal-m9+ adv5ture at ,*e/]field1 a lease 0 tak5 ( ! ,claycross e/ate1 !n = sale1 & op]ations 7 %ortly aft] begun4 ,at a subsequ5t p]iod ,mr4 ,/eph5son ext5d$ 8 coal-m9+ op]ations 9 ! same neighb\rhood2 & 9 #ahda he himself ent]$ into a contract ) own]s ( l& 9 adjo9+ t[n%ips = ! work+ ( ! coal !reund]2 & pits 7 op5$ on ! ,tapton e/ate on an ext5sive scale4 ,ab\t ! same "t he erect$ great lime-works1 close to ! ,amb]gate /ation ( ! ,midl& ,railway1 f :i*1 :5 9 full op]ation he 0 able to turn out upw>ds ( #bjj tons a day4 ,! lime/one 0 br\ght on a tramway f ! village ( ,cri*1 #b or #c miles di/ant1 ! coal be+ suppli$ f 8 adjo9+ ,claycross colli]y4 ,! works 7 on a scale su* z _h n be=e be5 attempt$ by any private individual engag$ 9 a simil> trade2 & we believe !y prov$ v successful4 ,picture3 ,lime ,works at ,amb]gate ,tapton ,h\se 0 includ$ 9 ! lease ( "o ( ! colli]ies1 & z x 0 conv5i5tly situat$--be+1 z x 71 a c5tral po9t on ! ,midl& ,railway1 f :i* he c\ld readily proce$ nor? or s\?1 on 8 j\rneys ( inspection ( ! v>i\s l9es !n "u con/ruction 9 ! midl& & nor!rn c\nties1--he took up 8 resid5ce !re1 & x cont9u$ 8 home until ! close ( 8 life4 ,tapton ,h\se is a l>ge roomy brick mansion1 beautifully situat$ amid/ woods1 ^u a comm&+ em95ce1 ab\t a mile to ! nor?-ea/ ( ! t[n ( ,*e/]field4 ,gre5 fields dott$ ) f9e trees slope away f ! h\se 9 all directions4 ,! surr\nd+ c\ntry is undulat+ & highly picturesque4 ,nor? & s\? ! eye ranges ov] a va/ ext5t ( lovely sc5]y2 & on ! we/1 look+ ov] ! t[n ( ,*e/]field1 ) its *ur* & crook$ spire1 ! ext5sive range ( ! ,d]by%ire hills b\nds ! di/ance4 ,! ,midl& ,railway skirts ! we/]n edge ( ! p>k 9 a deep rock cutt+1 & ! %rill :i/le ( ! locomotive s\nds ne> at h& z ! tra9s spe$ pa/4 ,! g>d5s & pleasure-gr\nds adjo9+ ! h\se 7 9 a v neglect$ /ate :5 ,mr4 ,/eph5son fir/ w5t to ,tapton2 & he promis$ himself1 :5 he _h secur$ re/ & leisure f bus9ess1 t he w\ld put a new face ^u bo?4 ,! fir/ improvem5t he made 0 cutt+ a woodl& footpa? up ! hill-side1 by :i* he at ! same "t add$ a beautiful feature to ! p>k1 & secur$ a %ort] road to ! ,*e/]field /ation4 ,b x 0 "s ye>s be=e he f\nd "t to c>ry into effect 8 contemplat$ improvem5ts 9 ! adjo9+ g>d5s & pleasure-gr\nds4 ,he _h s long be5 accu/om$ to labori\s pursuits1 & felt himself /ill s full ( "w1 t he c\ld n at once settle d[n into ! habit ( quietly enjoy+ ! fruits ( 8 indu/ry4 ,he _h no difficulty 9 usefully employ+ 8 "t4 ,besides direct+ ! m9+ op]ations at ,claycross1 ! e/abli%m5t ( ! lime-kilns at ,amb]gate1 & ! con/ruction ( ! ext5sive railways /ill 9 progress1 he occasionally paid visits to ,newca/le1 :]e 8 locomotive manufactory 0 n[ 9 full "w1 & ! proprietors 7 reap+ ! advantages ( 8 e>ly =esight 9 an abundant measure ( prosp]ity4 ,"o ( 8 mo/ int]e/+ visits to ! place 0 9 #ahch1 on ! occasion ( ! meet+ ( ! ,briti% ,association !re1 :5 he act$ z "o ( ! ,vice-,presid5ts 9 ! section ( ,me*anical ,sci5ce4 ,extraord9>y *anges _h occurr$ 9 8 own =tunes1 z well z 9 ! face ( ! c\ntry1 s9ce he _h fir/ appe>$ be=e a sci5tific body 9 ,newca/le--! memb]s ( ! ,lit]>y & ,philosophical ,in/itute--to submit 8 safety-lamp = _! exam9ation4 ,tw5ty-?ree ye>s _h pass$ ov] 8 head1 full ( hone/ "w1 ( manful /ruggle2 & ! humble colli]y eng9e-wright ( ! "n ( ,/eph5son _h a*iev$ an almo/ worldwide reputation z a public b5efactor4 ,8 fell[-t[nsm51 !re=e1 c\ld n hesitate to recognise 8 m]its & d hon\r to 8 "n4 ,dur+ ! sitt+s ( ! ,association1 ,mr4 ,/eph5son took ! opportunity ( pay+ a visit to ,kill+wor?1 accompani$ by "s ( ! di/+ui%$ savans :om he numb]$ among/ 8 fri5ds4 ,he !re po9t$ out to !m1 ) a degree ( hone/ pride1 ! cottage 9 :i* he _h liv$ = s _m ye>s1 %[$ :at p>ts ( x _h be5 8 own h&iwork1 & told !m ! /ory ( ! sun-dial ov] ! door1 describ+ ! /udy & ! lab\r x _h co/ him & 8 son to calculate its dim5sions1 & fix x 9 its place4 ,! dial _h be5 s]5ely numb]+ ! h\rs ?r\gh ! busy ye>s t _h elaps$ s9ce t humble dwell+ _h be5 8 home2 dur+ :i* ! ,kill+wor? locomotive _h become a great work+ p[]1 & its contriv] _h e/abli%$ ! railway sy/em1 :i* 0 n[ rapidly becom+ ext5d$ 9 all p>ts ( ! _w4 ,ab\t ! same "t1 8 s]vices 7 v mu* 9 reque/ at ! meet+s ( ,me*anics' ,in/itutes held ?r\gh\t ! nor!rn c\nties4 ,f an e>ly p]iod 9 8 hi/ory1 he _h tak5 an active int]e/ 9 ^! in/itutions4 ,:ile resid+ at ,newca/le 9 #ahbd1 %ortly aft] 8 locomotive f\ndry _h be5 />t$ 9 ,=?-/reet1 he presid$ at a public meet+ held 9 t t[n = ! purpose ( e/abli%+ a ,me*anics' ,in/itute4 ,! meet+ 0 held2 b z ,george ,/eph5son 0 a man comp>atively unkn[n ev5 9 ,newca/le at t "t1 8 "n fail$ to secure an influ5tial att5dance4 ,among ^? :o address$ ! meet+ on ! occasion 0 ,joseph ,locke1 !n 8 pupil1 & aft]w>ds 8 rival z an eng9e]4 ,! local pap]s sc>cely notic$ ! proce$+s2 yet ! ,me*anics' ,in/itute 0 f\nd$1 & /ruggl$ into exi/5ce4 ,ye>s pass$1 & x 0 n[ felt to be an hon\r to secure ,mr4 ,/eph5son's pres5ce at any public meet+s held = ! promotion ( popul> education4 ,among ! ,me*anics' ,in/itutes 9 8 imm$iate neighb\rhood at ,tapton1 7 ^? ( ,belp] & ,*e/]field2 & at _! soirees he 0 a frequ5t & a welcome visitor4 ,on ^! occasions he lov$ to tell 8 auditors ( ! difficulties :i* _h e>ly beset him ?r\gh want ( k1 & ( ! means by :i* he _h ov]come !m4 ,8 gr& text 0--,,p]sev]e2 & !re 0 manhood 9 ! v ^w4 ,on m ?an "o occasion1 ! au?or _h ! pleasure ( li/5+ to ,george ,/eph5son's homely b =cible addresses at ! annual soirees ( ! ,le$s ,me*anics' ,in/itute4 ,he 0 always an imm5se fav\rite ) 8 audi5ces !re4 ,8 p]sonal appe>ance 0 greatly 9 8 fav\r4 ,a h&some1 ruddy1 expressive face1 lit up by bright d>k-blue eyes1 prep>$ "o = 8 e>ne/ words :5 he /ood up to speak & ! *e]s _h subsid$ :i* inv>iably hail$ 8 ris+4 ,he 0 n glib1 b he 0 v impressive4 ,& :o1 s well z he1 c\ld s]ve z a guide to ! work+ man 9 8 endeav\rs aft] high] k8 ,8 e>ly life _h be5 all /ruggle--enc\nt] ) difficulty--grop+ 9 ! d>k aft] great] light1 b always e>ne/ly & p]sev]+ly4 ,8 words 7 !re=e all ! m weighty1 s9ce he spoke f ! fulness ( 8 own exp]i5ce4 ,nor did he rema9 a m]e inactive spectator ( ! improvem5ts 9 railway work+ :i* increas+ exp]i5ce f day to day sugge/$4 ,he cont9u$ to contrive improvem5ts 9 ! locomotive1 & to mature 8 inv5tion ( ! c>riage-brake4 ,:5 exam9$ be=e ! ,select ,committee on ,railways 9 #ahda1 8 m9d seems pr9cipally to h be5 impress$ ) ! necessity :i* exi/$ = adopt+ a sy/em ( self act+ brakes2 /at+ t1 9 8 op9ion1 ?is 0 ! mo/ important arrangem5t t c\ld be provid$ = increas+ ! safety ( railway travell+4 ,i believe1 he said1 t if self-act+ brakes 7 put ^u e c>riage1 sc>cely any accid5t c\ld take place4 ,8 plan consi/$ 9 employ+ ! mom5tum ( ! runn+ tra9 to ?r[ 8 propos$ brakes into action1 imm$iately on ! mov+ p[] ( ! eng9e be+ *eck$4 ,he w\ld also h ^! brakes "u ! control ( ! gu>d1 by means ( a connect+ l9e runn+ along ! :ole l5g? ( ! tra91 by :i* !y %\ld at once be ?r[n out ( ge> :5 necess>y4 ,at ! same "t he sugge/$1 z an additional means ( safety1 t ! signals ( ! l9e %\ld be self-act+1 & work$ by ! locomotives z !y pass$ along ! railway4 ,he consid]$ ! adoption ( ?is plan ( s mu* importance1 t1 ) a view to ! public safety1 he w\ld ev5 h x en=c$ ^u railway companies by ! legislature4 ,at ! same "t he 0 ( op9ion t x 0 ! int]e/ ( ! companies !mselves to adopt ! plan1 z x w\ld save great te> & we> ( eng9es1 c>riages1 t5d]s1 & brake-vans1 besides greatly dim9i%+ ! risk ( accid5ts ^u railways4 ,:ile be=e ! same ,committee1 he took ! opportunity ( /at+ 8 views ) ref]5ce to railway spe$1 ab\t :i* wild ideas 7 !n afloat--"o g5tleman ( celebrity hav+ publicly express$ ! op9ion t a spe$ ( #ajj miles an h\r 0 practicable 9 railway travell+6 ,n _m ye>s _h pass$ s9ce ,george ,/eph5son _h be5 pron\nc$ insane = /at+ 8 conviction t #ab miles an h\r c\ld be p]=m$ by ! locomotive2 b n[ t he _h e/abli%$ ! fact1 & greatly exce$$ t spe$1 he 0 ?\ght beh9d ! age because he recomm5d$ ! rate to be limit$ to #dj miles an h\r4 ,he said3 ,i d n l ei!r #dj or #ej miles an h\r ^u any l9e--,i ?9k x is an unnecess>y spe$2 & if !re is dang] ^u a railway1 x is high velocity t creates x4 ,i %\ld say no railway ought to exce$ #dj miles an h\r on ! mo/ fav\rable gradi5t2 b ^u a curv$ l9e ! spe$ ought n to exce$ #bd or #be miles an h\r4 ,he _h1 inde$1 con/ruct$ = ! ,great ,we/]n ,railway an eng9e capable ( runn+ #ej miles an h\r ) a load1 & #hj miles )\t "o4 ,b he nev] 0 9 fav\r ( a hurricane spe$ ( ?is sort1 believ+ x c\ld only be accompli%$ at an unnecess>y increase bo? ( dang] & exp5se4 ,x is true1 he obs]v$ on o!r occasions1 ,i h said ! locomotive eng9e might be made to travel #ajj miles an h\r2 b ,i always put a qualification on ?is1 namely1 z to :at spe$ w\ld be/ suit ! public4 ,! public may1 h[ev]1 be unreasonable2 & #ej or #fj miles an h\r is an unreasonable spe$4 ,long be=e railway travell+ became g5]al1 ,i said to my fri5ds t !re 0 no limit to ! spe$ ( ! locomotive1 provid$ ! works c\ld be made to /&4 ,b !re are limits to ! /r5g? ( iron1 :e!r x be manufactur$ into rails or locomotives2 & !re is a po9t at :i* bo? rails & tyres mu/ break4 ,e increase ( spe$1 by increas+ ! /ra9 ^u ! road & ! roll+ /ock1 br+s u ne>] to t po9t4 ,at #cj miles a slight] road w d1 & less p]fect roll+ /ock may be run ^u x ) safety4 ,b if y increase ! spe$ by say #aj miles1 !n ev]y?+ mu/ be greatly /r5g!n$4 ,y mu/ h heavi] eng9es1 heavi] & bett]-fa/5$ rails1 & all y\r work+ exp5ses w be imm$iately increas$4 ,i ?9k ,i "k en\gh ( me*anics to "k :]e to /op4 ,i "k t a p\nd w weigh a p\nd1 & t no m %\ld be put ^u an iron rail ?an x w be>4 ,if y c\ld ensure p]fect iron1 p]fect rails1 & p]fect locomotives1 ,i grant #ej miles an h\r or m might be run ) safety on a level railway4 ,b !n y mu/ n =get t iron1 ev5 ! be/1 w 'tire1' & ) con/ant use w become m & m liable to break at ! weake/ po9t--p]haps :]e !re is a secret flaw t ! eye _c detect4 ,!n look at ! rubbi%y rails n[ manufactur$ on ! contract sy/em--"s ( !m little bett] ?an ca/ metal3 inde$1 ,i h se5 rails break m]ely on be+ ?r[n f ! truck on to ! gr\nd4 ,h[ is x possible = su* rails to /& a #bj or #cj ton eng9e da%+ ov] !m at ! spe$ ( #ej miles an h\r8 ,no1 no1 he w\ld conclude1 ,i am 9 fav\r ( l[ spe$s because !y are safe1 & because !y are economical2 & y may rely ^u x t1 beyond a c]ta9 po9t1 ) e increase ( spe$ !re is an increase 9 ! elem5t ( dang]4 ,:5 railways became ! subject ( popul> discussion1 _m new & uns\nd !ories 7 />t$ ) ref]5ce to !m1 :i* ,/eph5son oppos$ z calculat$1 9 8 op9ion1 to br+ discr$it on ! locomotive sy/em4 ,"o ( ^! 0 ) ref]5ce to :at 7 call$ undulat+ l9es4 ,among o!rs1 ,dr4 ,l>dn]1 :o _h orig9ally be5 some:at sceptical ab\t ! p[]s ( ! locomotive1 n[ promulgat$ ! idea t a railway con/ruct$ ) ris+ & fall+ gradi5ts w\ld be practically z easy to "w z a l9e p]fectly level4 ,mr4 ,badnell w5t ev5 beyond him1 = he held t an undulat+ railway 0 mu* bett] ?an a level "o = purposes ( work+4 ,= a "t1 ?is !ory f\nd fav\r1 & ! undulat+ sy/em 0 ext5sively adopt$2 b ,mr4 ,/eph5son nev] ceas$ to inveigh aga9/ x2 & exp]i5ce has amply prov$ t 8 judgm5t 0 correct4 ,8 practice1 f ! beg9n+ ( 8 c>e] until ! end ( x1 0 to secure a road z ne>ly z possible on a level1 foll[+ ! c\rse ( ! valleys & ! natural l9e ( ! c\ntry3 pref]r+ to g r\nd a hill r ?an to tunnel "u x or c>ry 8 railway ov] x1 & (t5 mak+ a consid]able circuit to secure good1 workable gradi5ts4 ,he /udi$ to lay out 8 l9es s t long tra9s ( m9]als & m]*&ise1 z well z pass5g]s1 might be haul$ along !m at ! lea/ possible exp5diture ( locomotive p[]4 ,he _h long be=e asc]ta9$1 by c>eful exp]im5ts at ,kill+wor?1 t ! eng9e exp5ds half ( its p[] 9 ov]com+ a ris+ gradi5t ( #a 9 #bfj1 :i* is ab\t #bj feet 9 ! mile2 & t :5 ! gradi5t is s /eep z #a 9 #ajj1 n less ?an ?ree-f\r?s ( its p[] is sacrific$ 9 asc5d+ ! acclivity4 ,he nev] =got ! valuable practical lesson taught him by ! e>ly trials :i* he _h made & regi/]$ long be=e ! advantages ( railways _h be5 recognis$4 ,he saw cle>ly t ! long] flat l9e mu/ ev5tually prove sup]ior to ! %ort] l9e ( /eep gradi5ts z respect$ its pay+ qualities4 ,he urg$ t1 aft] all1 ! p[] ( ! locomotive 0 b limit$2 &1 al?\gh he & 8 son _h done m ?an any o!r m5 to increase its work+ capacity1 x provok$ him to f9d t e improvem5t made 9 x 0 neutralis$ by ! /eep gradi5ts :i* ! new s*ool ( eng9e]s 7 sett+ x to ov]come4 ,on "o occasion1 :5 ,rob]t ,/eph5son /at$ be=e a ,p>liam5t>y ,committee t e successive improvem5t 9 ! locomotive 0 be+ r5d]$ virtually nugatory by ! difficult & almo/ impracticable gradi5ts propos$ on _m ( ! new l9es1 8 fa!r1 on 8 leav+ ! witness-box1 w5t up to him1 & said1 ,rob]t1 y nev] spoke tru] words ?an ^? 9 all y\r life4 ,to ?is x mu/ be add$1 t 9 urg+ ^! views ,mr4 ,/eph5son 0 /rongly influ5c$ by comm]cial consid]ations4 ,he _h no desire to build up 8 reputation at ! exp5se ( railway %>ehold]s1 nor to obta9 eng9e]+ eclat by mak+ ducks & drakes ( _! money4 ,he 0 p]suad$ t1 9 ord] to secure ! practical success ( railways1 !y mu/ be s laid out z n only to prove ( decid$ public utility1 b also to be work$ economically & to ! advantage ( _! proprietors4 ,!y 7 n gov]nm5t roads1 b private v5tures--9 fact1 comm]cial speculations4 ,he !re=e endeav\r$ to r5d] !m f9ancially pr(itable2 & he repeat$ly decl>$ t if he did n believe !y c\ld be made to pay1 he w\ld h no?+ to d ) !m4 ,he 0 n influ5c$ by ! sordid consid]ation ( :at he c\ld make out ( any company t employ$ him2 inde$1 9 _m cases he volunt>ily gave up 8 claim to remun]ation :]e ! promot]s ( s*emes :i* he ?\ght praisewor?y _h suff]$ s]i\s loss4 ,?us1 :5 ! fir/ application 0 made to ,p>liam5t = ! ,*e/] & ,birk5head ,railway ,bill1 ! promot]s 7 defeat$4 ,!y repeat$ _! application1 on ! und]/&+ t 9 ev5t ( _! succe$+1 ! eng9e] & surveyor 7 to be paid _! co/s 9 respect ( ! defeat$ measure4 ,! ,bill 0 successful1 & to sev]al p>ties _! co/s 7 paid4 ,mr4 ,/eph5son's am\nt$ to #hjj p\nds1 & he v nobly said1 ,y h _h an exp5sive c>e] 9 ,p>liam5t2 y h _h a great /ruggle2 y are a "y ,company2 y _c af=d to pay me ?is am\nt ( money4 ,i w r$uce x to #bjj p\nds1 & ,i w n ask y = t #bjj p\nds until y\r %>es are at #bj p\nds premium3 = :atev] may be ! rev]ses y w g ?r\gh1 ,i am satisfi$ ,i %all live to see ! day :5 y\r %>es w be at #bj p\nds premium1 & :5 ,i c legally & hon\rably claim t #bjj p\nds4 ,we may add t ! %>es did ev5tually rise to ! premium specifi$1 & ! eng9e] 0 no los] by 8 g5]\s conduct 9 ! transaction4 ,ano!r novelty ( ! "t1 ) :i* ,george ,/eph5son _h to cont5d1 0 ! sub/itution ( atmosph]ic pressure = locomotive /eam-p[] 9 ! work+ ( railways4 ,! idea ( obta9+ motion by means ( atmosph]ic pressure is said to h orig9at$ ) ,d5is ,pap91 m ?an #aej ye>s ago2 b x slept until reviv$ 9 #ahaj by ,mr4 ,m$hur/1 :o publi%$ a pamphlet to prove ! practicability ( c>ry+ lett]s & goods by air4 ,9 #ahbd1 ,mr4 ,vallance ( ,brighton took out a pat5t = project+ pass5g]s ?r\gh a tube l>ge en\gh to conta9 a tra9 ( c>riages2 ! tube be+ previ\sly exhau/$ ( its atmosph]ic air4 ,! same idea 0 aft]w>ds tak5 up1 9 #ahce1 by ,mr4 ,p9kus1 an +5i\s ,am]ican4 ,sci5tific g5tlem51 ,dr4 ,l>dn] & ,mr4 ,clegg among/ o!rs1 advocat$ ! plan2 & an association 0 =m$ to c>ry x into effect4 ,%>es 7 creat$1 & #ah1jjj p\nds rais$3 & a model app>atus 0 exhibit$ 9 ,london4 ,mr4 ,vignolles took 8 fri5d ,/eph5son to see ! model2 & aft] c>efully exam9+ x1 he obs]v$ emphatically1 ,x won't d3 x is only ! fix$ eng9es & ropes ov] aga91 9 ano!r =m2 &1 to tell y ! tru?1 ,i don't ?9k ?is rope ( w9d w answ] s well z ! rope ( wire did4 ,he did n ?9k ! pr9ciple w\ld /& ! te/ ( practice1 & he object$ to ! mode ( apply+ ! pr9ciple4 ,aft] all1 x 0 only a modification ( ! /ation>y-eng9e plan2 & e day's exp]i5ce 0 prov+ t fix$ eng9es c\ld n compete ) locomotives 9 po9t ( effici5cy & economy4 ,he /ood by ! locomotive eng9e2 & subsequ5t exp]i5ce prov$ t he 0 "r4 ,messrs4 ,clegg & ,samuda aft]w>ds1 9 #ahdj1 pat5t$ _! plan ( an atmosph]ic railway2 & !y publicly te/$ its work+ on an unf9i%$ portion ( ! ,we/ ,london ,railway4 ,! results ( ! exp]im5t 7 s satisfactory1 t ! directors ( ! ,dubl9 & ,k+/[n l9e adopt$ x betwe5 ,k+/[n & ,dalkey4 ,! ,london & ,croydon ,company also adopt$ ! atmosph]ic pr9ciple2 & _! l9e 0 op5$ 9 #ahde4 ,! ord9>y mode ( apply+ ! p[] 0 to lay betwe5 ! l9e ( rails a pipe1 9 :i* a l>ge pi/on 0 ins]t$1 & atta*$ by a %aft to ! framework ( a c>riage4 ,! propell+ p[] 0 ! ord9>y pressure ( ! atmosph]e act+ aga9/ ! pi/on 9 ! tube on "o side1 a vacuum be+ creat$ 9 ! tube on ! o!r side ( ! pi/on by ! work+ ( a /ation>y eng9e4 ,great 0 ! popul>ity ( ! atmosph]ic sy/em2 & /ill ,george ,/eph5son said ,x won't d3 x's b a gimcrack4 ,eng9e]s ( di/9ction said he 0 prejudic$1 & t he look$ ^u ! locomotive z a pet *ild ( 8 own4 ,wait a little1 he repli$1 & y w see t ,i am "r4 ,x 0 g5]ally suppos$ t ! locomotive sy/em 0 ab\t to be snuff$ out4 ,n s fa/1 said ,/eph5son4 ,let u wait to see if x w pay4 ,he nev] believ$ x w\ld4 ,x 0 +5i\s1 clev]1 sci5tific1 & all t2 b railways 7 comm]cial ent]prises1 n toys2 & if ! atmosph]ic railway c\ld n "w to a pr(it1 x w\ld n d4 ,consid]$ 9 ?is light1 he ev5 w5t s f> z to call x a great humbug4 ,no?+ w beat ! locomotive1 said he1 = effici5cy 9 all wea!rs1 = economy 9 draw+ loads ( av]age weight1 & = p[] & spe$ z occasion may require4 ,! atmosph]ic sy/em 0 fairly & fully tri$1 & x 0 f\nd want+4 ,x 0 admitt$ to be an exce$+ly elegant mode ( apply+ p[]2 its devices 7 v skilful1 & its me*anism 0 mo/ +5i\s4 ,b x 0 co/ly1 irregul> 9 action1 &1 9 p>ticul> k9ds ( wea!r1 n to be dep5d$ ^u4 ,at be/1 x 0 b a modification ( ! /ation>y-eng9e sy/em1 & exp]i5ce prov$ x to be s exp5sive t x 0 %ortly aft] entirely ab&on$ 9 fav\r ( locomotive p[]4 #bhh ,"o ( ! rem>kable results ( ! sy/em ( railway locomotion :i* ,george ,/eph5son _h by 8 p]sev]+ lab\rs ma9ly contribut$ to e/abli%1 0 ! outbreak ( ! railway mania t[>ds ! close ( 8 pr(essional c>e]4 ,! success ( ! fir/ ma9 l9es ( railway naturally l$ to _! ext5sion into _m new di/ricts2 b a /rongly speculative t5d5cy soon began to display itself1 :i* conta9$ 9 x ! elem5ts ( great dang]4 ,! ext5sion ( railways _h1 up to ! ye> #ahdd1 be5 ma9ly effect$ by m5 ( ! comm]cial classes1 & ! %>ehold]s 9 !m pr9cipally belong$ to ! manufactur+ di/ricts1--! capitali/s ( ! metropolis z yet hold+ alo(1 & prophesy+ disa/] to all conc]n$ 9 railway projects4 ,b :5 ! lugubri\s anticipations ( ! ,city m5 7 f\nd to be s entirely falsifi$ by ! results--:51 aft] ! lapse ( ye>s1 x 0 asc]ta9$ t railway traffic rapidly increas$ & divid5ds /eadily improv$--a *ange came ov] ! _s ( ! ,london capitali/s4 ,!y !n inve/$ l>gely 9 railways1 ! %>es 9 :i* became a lead+ bran* ( bus9ess on ! ,/ock ,ex*ange1 & ! prices ( "s rose to ne>ly d\ble _! orig9al value4 ,a /imulus 0 ?us giv5 to ! projection ( fur!r l9es1 ! %>es 9 mo/ ( :i* came out at a premium1 & became ! subject ( imm$iate traffic4 ,a reckless _s ( gambl+ set 91 :i* completely *ang$ ! "* & objects ( railway ent]prise4 ,! public outside ! ,/ock ,ex*ange became also infect$1 & _m p]sons utt]ly ignorant ( railways1 kn[+ & c>+ no?+ ab\t _! national uses1 b hung]+ & ?ir/+ aft] premiums1 ru%$ eag]ly into ! vortex4 ,!y appli$ = allotm5ts1 & subscrib$ = %>es 9 l9es1 ( ! eng9e]+ "* or probable traffic ( :i* !y knew no?+4 ,provid$ !y c\ld b obta9 allotm5ts :i* !y c\ld sell at a premium1 & put ! pr(it--9 _m cases ! only capital !y possess$ #bhi--;into _! pocket1 x 0 en\gh = !m4 ,! mania 0 n conf9$ to ! prec9cts ( ! ,/ock ,ex*ange1 b infect$ all ranks4 ,x embrac$ m]*ants & manufactur]s1 g5try & %opkeep]s1 cl]ks 9 public (fices1 & l\ng]s at ! clubs4 ,noble lords 7 po9t$ at z /ags2 !re 7 ev5 cl]gym5 :o 7 *>act]is$ z bulls2 & amiable ladies :o _h ! reputation ( be>s1 9 ! %>e m>kets4 ,! few quiet m5 :o rema9$ un9flu5c$ by ! speculation ( ! "t 71 9 n a few cases1 ev5 reproa*$ = do+ inju/ice to _! families1 9 decl9+ to help !mselves f ! /ores ( weal? t 7 p\r$ out on all sides4 ,folly & knav]y 71 = a "t1 completely 9 ! asc5dant4 ,! %>p]s ( society 7 let loose1 & jobb]s & s*em]s became m & m pl5tiful4 ,!y ?rew out railway s*emes z lures to cat* ! unw>y4 ,!y f$ ! mania ) a con/ant succession ( new projects4 ,! railway pap]s became load$ ) _! adv]tisem5ts4 ,! po/-(fice 0 sc>cely able to di/ribute ! multitude ( prospectuses & circul>s :i* !y issu$4 ,= a "t _! popul>ity 0 imm5se4 ,!y rose l fro? into ! upp] heights ( society1 & ! flunkey ,fitz,plushe1 by virtue ( 8 suppos$ weal?1 sat among/ pe]s & 0 idolis$4 ,!n 0 ! h>ve/-"t ( s*em+ lawy]s1 p>liam5t>y ag5ts1 eng9e]s1 surveyors1 & traffic-tak]s1 :o 7 ready to take up any railway s*eme h[ev] desp]ate1 & to prove any am\nt ( traffic ev5 :]e none exi/$4 ,! traffic 9 ! cr$ulity ( _! dupes 01 h[ev]1 ! great fact t ma9ly conc]n$ !m1 & ( ! pr(itable "* ( :i* !re c\ld be no d\bt4 ,mr4 ,/eph5son 0 anxi\sly entreat$ to l5d 8 "n to prospectuses dur+ ! railway mania2 b he inv>iably refus$4 ,he held alo( f ! headlong folly ( ! h\r1 & endeav\r$ to *eck x1 b 9 va94 ,_h he be5 less scrupul\s1 & giv5 8 c\nt5ance to ! num]\s projects ab\t :i* he 0 consult$1 he might1 )\t any tr\ble1 h ?us secur$ enorm\s ga9s2 b he _h no desire to accumulate a =tune )\t lab\r & )\t hon\r4 ,he himself nev] speculat$ 9 %>es4 ,:5 he 0 satisfi$ z to ! m]its ( any und]tak+1 he subscrib$ = a c]ta9 am\nt ( capital 9 x1 & held on1 nei!r buy+ nor sell+4 ,at a d9n] ( ! ,le$s & ,brad=d directors at ,b5 ,rydd+ 9 ,octob]1 #ahdd1 be=e ! mania _h rea*$ its height1 he w>n$ ^? pres5t aga9/ ! preval5t disposition t[>ds railway speculation4 ,x 01 he said1 l walk+ ^u a piece ( ice ) %all[s & deeps2 ! %all[s 7 froz5 ov]1 & !y w\ld c>ry1 b x requir$ great caution to get ov] ! deeps4 ,he 0 satisfi$ t 9 ! c\rse ( ! next ye> _m w\ld /ep on to places n /rong en\gh to c>ry !m1 & w\ld get into ! deeps2 !y w\ld be tak+ %>es1 & aft]w>ds be unable to pay ! calls ^u !m4 ,york%irem5 7 reckon$ clev] m51 & 8 advice to !m 01 to /ick toge!r & promote communication 9 _! own neighb\rhood1--n to g abroad ) _! speculations4 ,if any _h done s1 he advis$ !m to get _! money back z fa/ z !y c\ld1 = if !y did n !y w\ld n get x at all4 ,he in=m$ ! company1 at ! same "t1 ( 8 e>lie/ hold+ ( railway %>es2 x 0 9 ! ,/ockton & ,d>l+ton ,railway1 & ! numb] he held 0 ?ree--a v l>ge capital = him to possess at ! "t4 ,b a ,/ockton fri5d 0 anxi\s to possess a %>e1 & he sold him "o at a premium ( #ccs42 he suppos$ he _h be5 ab\t ! fir/ man 9 ,engl& to sell a railway %>e at a premium4 ,dur+ #ahde1 8 son's (fices 9 ,great ,george-/reet1 ,we/m9/]1 7 cr[d$ ) p]sons ( v>i\s conditions seek+ int]views1 pres5t+ v mu* ! appe>ance ( ! levee ( a m9i/] ( /ate4 ,! burly figure ( ,mr4 ,hudson1 ! ,railway ,k+1 surr\nd$ by an admir+ gr\p ( foll[]s1 0 (t5 to be se5 !re2 & a /ill m int]e/+ p]son1 9 ! e/imation ( _m1 0 ,george ,/eph5son1 dress$ 9 black1 8 coat ( some:at old-fa%ion$ cut1 ) squ>e pockets 9 ! tails4 ,he wore a :ite neckclo?1 & a l>ge bun* ( seals 0 susp5d$ f 8 wat*-ribbon4 ,altoge!r1 he pres5t$ an appe>ance ( heal?1 intellig5ce1 & good hum\r1 t rejoic$ "o to look ^u 9 t sordid1 selfi% & ev5tually ru9\s saturnalia ( railway speculation4 ,p[]s 7 grant$ by ,p>liam5t1 9 #ahdc1 to con/ruct n less ?an #bhhc miles ( new railways 9 ,brita91 at an exp5diture ( ab\t =ty-f\r millions /]l+6 ,yet ! mania 0 n appeas$2 = 9 ! foll[+ session ( #ahdf1 applications 7 made to ,p>liam5t = p[]s to raise #chi1jjj1jjj p\nds /]l+ = ! con/ruction ( fur!r l9es2 & p[]s 7 actually conc$$ = =m+ #dgij miles 7includ+ #fj miles ( tunnels71 at a co/ ( ab\t #abj1jjj1jjj p\nds /]l+4 ,dur+ ?is session1 ,mr4 ,/eph5son appe>$ z eng9e] = only "o new l9e1--! ,buxton1 ,macclesfield1 ,congleton1 & ,crewe ,railway--a l9e 9 :i*1 z a coal-own]1 he 0 p]sonally int]e/$2--& ( ?ree bran*-l9es 9 connexion ) exi/+ companies = :i* he _h long act$ z eng9e]4 ,at ! same "t1 all ! lead+ pr(essional m5 7 fully occupi$1 "s ( !m appe>+ z consult+ eng9e]s = upw>ds ( ?irty l9es ea*6 ,"o ( ! features ( ! mania 0 ! rage = direct l9es :i* ev]y:]e display$ itself4 ,!re 7 ,direct ,man*e/]1 ,direct ,exet]1 ,direct ,york1 &1 inde$1 new direct l9es betwe5 mo/ ( ! l>ge t[ns4 ,! ,m>quis ( ,bri/ol1 speak+ 9 fav\r ( ! ,direct ,norwi* & ,london project1 at a public meet+ at ,hav]hill1 said1 ,if necess>y1 !y might make a tunnel b5ea? 8 v draw+-room1 r ?an be defeat$ 9 _! und]tak+6 ,& ! ,rev4 ,f4 ,lit*field1 at a meet+ 9 ,banbury1 on ! subject ( a l9e to t t[n1 said ,he _h laid d[n = himself a limit to 8 approbation ( railways1--at lea/ ( su* z approa*$ ! neighb\rhood ) :i* he 0 connect$1--& t limit 01 t he did n wi% !m to approa* any ne>] to him ?an to run ?r\gh 8 b$room1 ) ! b$po/s = a /ation6 ,h[ diff]5t 0 ! _s :i* influ5c$ ^! noble lords & g5tlem5 b a few ye>s be=e6 ,! ,h\se ( ,commons became ?or\ghly influ5c$ by ! prevail+ excitem5t4 ,ev5 ! ,bo>d ( ,trade began to fav\r ! views ( ! fa/ s*ool ( eng9e]s4 ,9 _! ,report on ! ,l9es project$ 9 ! ,man*e/] & ,le$s ,di/rict1 !y promulgat$ "s rem>kable views respect+ gradi5ts1 decl>+ !mselves 9 fav\r ( ! undulat+ sy/em4 ,!y !re /at$ t l9es ( an undulat+ "* :i* h gradi5ts ( #a 9 #gj or 9 #hj di/ribut$ ov] !m 9 %ort l5g?s1 may be positively bett] l9es1 i4e41 m susceptible ( *eap & exp$iti\s work+1 ?an o!rs :i* h no?+ /eep] ?an #a 9 #ajj or #a 9 #abj6 ,!y conclud$ by report+ 9 fav\r ( ! l9e :i* exhibit$ ! wor/ gradi5ts & ! %>pe/ curves1 *iefly on ! gr\nd t x c\ld be con/ruct$ = less money4 ,sir ,rob]t ,peel took occasion to adv]t to ?is ,report 9 ! ,h\se ( ,commons on ! #d? ( ,m>* foll[+1 z conta9+ a novel & highly important view on ! subject ( gradi5ts1 :i*1 he 0 c]ta91 nev] c\ld h be5 tak5 by any ,committee ( ! ,h\se ( ,commons1 h[ev] intellig5t2 & he might h add$1 t ! m intellig5t1 ! less likely !y 7 to arrive at any su* conclusion4 ,:5 ,mr4 ,/eph5son saw ?is report ( ! ,premi]'s spee* 9 ! newspap]s ( ! foll[+ morn+1 he w5t =?) to 8 son1 & ask$ him to write a lett] to ,sir ,rob]t ,peel on ! subject4 ,he saw cle>ly t if ^! views 7 adopt$1 ! utility & economy ( railways w\ld be s]i\sly curtail$4 ,^! memb]s ( ,p>liam5t1 said he1 are n[ z mu* dispos$ to exagg]ate ! p[]s ( ! locomotive1 z !y 7 to "u-e/imate !m b a few ye>s ago4 ,rob]t accord+ly wrote a lett] = 8 fa!r's signature1 embody+ ! views :i* he s /rongly ent]ta9$ z to ! importance ( flat gradi5ts1 & ref]r+ to ! exp]im5ts conduct$ by him _m ye>s be=e1 9 pro( ( ! great loss ( work+ p[] :i* 0 incurr$ on a l9e ( /eep z comp>$ ) easy gradi5ts4 ,x 0 cle>1 f ! tone ( ,sir ,rob]t ,peel's spee* 9 a subsequ5t debate1 t he _h c>efully read & consid]$ ,mr4 ,/eph5son's practical obs]vations on ! subject2 ?\gh x did n appe> t he _h come to any def9ite conclusion !reon1 fur!r ?an t he /rongly approv$ ( ! ,tr5t ,valley ,railway1 by :i* ,tamwor? w\ld be plac$ ^u a direct ma9 l9e ( communication4 ,! result ( ! lab\rs ( ,p>liam5t 0 a tissue ( legislative bungl+1 involv+ enorm\s loss to ! public4 ,railway ,bills 7 grant$ 9 heaps4 ,two hundr$ & sev5ty-two additional ,acts 7 pass$ 9 #ahdf4 ,"s au?oris$ ! con/ruction ( l9es runn+ almo/ p>allel to exi/+ railways1 9 ord] to af=d ! public ! b5efits ( unre/rict$ competition4 ,locomotive & atmosph]ic l9es1 broad-gauge & n>r[-gauge l9es1 7 grant$ )\t hesitation4 ,committees decid$ )\t judgm5t & )\t discrim9ation2 x 0 a scramble = ,bills1 9 :i* ! mo/ unscrupul\s 7 ! mo/ successful4 ,among/ ! _m ill effects ( ! mania1 "o ( ! wor/ 0 t x introduc$ a l[ tone ( morality into railway transactions4 ,! bad _s :i* _h be5 evok$ by x unhappily ext5d$ to ! comm]cial classes1 & _m ( ! mo/ flagrant sw9dles ( rec5t times _h _! orig9 9 ! ye> #ahde4 ,^? :o _h sudd5ly ga9$ l>ge sums )\t lab\r1 & also )\t hon\r1 7 too ready to ent] ^u c\rses ( ! wilde/ extravagance2 & a false /yle ( liv+ %ortly arose1 ! poison\s influ5ce ( :i* ext5d$ ?r\gh all classes4 ,m5 began to look ^u railways z in/rum5ts to job )4 ,p]sons1 sometimes possess+ in=mation respect+ railways1 b m frequ5tly possess+ none1 got ^u bo>ds = ! purpose ( promot+ _! individual objects1 (t5 9 a v unscrupul\s mann]2 l&[n]s1 to promote bran* l9es ?r\gh _! prop]ty2 speculators 9 %>es1 to trade ^u ! exclusive in=mation :i* !y obta9$2 :il/ "s directors 7 appo9t$ ?r\gh ! influ5ce ma9ly ( solicitors1 contractors1 or eng9e]s1 :o us$ !m z tools to s]ve _! own ends4 ,9 ?is way ! un=tunate proprietors 71 9 _m cases1 betray$1 & _! prop]ty 0 %amefully squ&]$1 mu* to ! discr$it ( ! railway sy/em4 ,:ile ! mania 0 at its height 9 ,engl&1 railways 7 also be+ ext5d$ abroad1 & ,george ,/eph5son 0 reque/$ on sev]al occasions to give ! b5efit ( 8 advice to ! directors ( =eign und]tak+s4 ,"o ( ! mo/ agreeable ( ^! excursions 0 to ,belgium 9 #ahde4 ,8 special object 0 to exam9e ! propos$ l9e ( ! ,sambre & ,meuse ,railway1 = :i* a concession _h be5 grant$ by ! ,belgian legislature4 ,arriv$ on ! gr\nd1 he w5t c>efully ov] ! entire l5g? ( ! propos$ l9e1 to ,conv9s1 ! ,=e/ ( ,ard5nes1 & ,rocroi1 across ! ,fr5* fronti]2 exam9+ ! be>+s ( ! coal-field1 ! slate & m>ble qu>ries1 & ! num]\s iron-m9es 9 exi/5ce betwe5 ! ,sambre & ! ,meuse1 z well z c>efully explor+ ! rav9es :i* ext5d$ ?r\gh ! di/rict1 9 ord] to satisfy himself t ! be/ possible r\te _h be5 select$4 ,mr4 ,/eph5son 0 delight$ ) ! novelty ( ! j\rney1 ! beauty ( ! sc5]y1 & ! indu/ry ( ! population4 ,8 companions 7 ent]ta9$ by 8 ample & v>i$ /ores ( practical in=mation on all subjects1 & 8 conv]sation 0 full ( rem9isc5ces ( 8 y\?1 on :i* he always delight$ to dwell :5 9 ! society ( 8 m intimate fri5ds4 ,! j\rney 0 v>i$ by a visit to ! coal-m9es ne> ,jemappe1 :]e ,/eph5son exam9$ ) int]e/ ! mode adopt$ by ! ,belgian m9]s ( dra9+ ! pits1 inspect+ _! eng9es & brake+ ma*9es1 s famili> to him 9 e>ly life4 ,! eng9e]s ( ,belgium took ! opportunity ( ,mr4 ,/eph5son's visit to _! c\ntry to invite him to a magnific5t banquet at ,brussels4 ,! ,public ,hall1 9 :i* !y ent]ta9$ him1 0 gaily decorat$ ) flags1 prom95t among/ :i* 0 ! ,union ,jack1 9 hon\r ( _! di/+ui%$ gue/4 ,a h&some m>ble p$e/al1 ornam5t$ ) 8 bu/ cr[n$ ) laurels1 occupi$ "o end ( ! room4 ,! *air 0 occupi$ by ,m4 ,massui1 ! ,*ief ,director ( ! ,national ,railways ( ,belgium2 & ! mo/ em95t sci5tific m5 ( ! k+dom 7 pres5t4 ,_! reception ( ! ,fa!r ( railways 0 ( ! mo/ en?usia/ic description4 ,mr4 ,/eph5son 0 greatly pleas$ ) ! ent]ta9m5t4 ,n ! lea/ int]e/+ incid5t ( ! ev5+ 0 8 obs]v+1 :5 ! d9n] 0 ab\t half ov]1 a model ( a locomotive eng9e plac$ ^u ! c5tre table1 "u a triumphal ar*4 ,turn+ sudd5ly to 8 fri5d ,sop)1 he exclaim$1 ,d y see ! ',rocket'8 ,! complim5t ?us paid him1 0 p]haps m priz$ ?an all ! encomiums ( ! ev5+4 ,! next day 7,april #e?7 ,k+ ,leopold invit$ him to a private int]view at ! palace4 ,accompani$ by ,mr4 ,sop)1 he proce$$ to ,laak51 & 0 v cordially receiv$ by ,8 ,maje/y4 ,! k+ imm$iately ent]$ into famili> conv]sation ) him1 discuss+ ! railway project :i* _h be5 ! object ( 8 visit to ,belgium1 & !n ! /ructure ( ! ,belgian coal-fields1--8 ,maje/y express+ 8 s5se ( ! great importance ( economy 9 a fuel :i* _h become indisp5sable to ! com=t & well-be+ ( society1 :i* 0 ! basis ( all manufactures1 & ! vital p[] ( railway locomotion4 ,! subject 0 always a fav\rite "o ) ,mr4 ,/eph5son1 &1 enc\rag$ by ! k+1 he proce$$ to describe to him ! geological /ructure ( ,belgium1 ! orig9al =mation ( coal1 its subsequ5t elevation by volcanic =ces1 & ! va/ am\nt ( d5udation4 ,9 describ+ ! coal-b$s he us$ 8 hat z a sort ( model to illu/rate 8 mean+2 & ! eyes ( ! k+ 7 fix$ ^u x z he proce$$ ) 8 int]e/+ description4 ,! conv]sation !n pass$ to ! rise & progress ( trade & manufactures1--,mr4 ,/eph5son po9t+ out h[ closely !y ev]y:]e foll[$ ! coal1 be+ ma9ly dep5d5t ^u x1 z x 71 = _! v exi/5ce4 ,! k+ seem$ greatly pleas$ ) ! int]view1 & at its close express$ himself oblig$ by ! int]e/+ in=mation :i* ! eng9e] _h communicat$4 ,%ak+ h&s cordially ) bo? ! g5tlem51 & wi%+ !m success 9 _! important und]tak+s1 he bade !m adieu4 ,z !y 7 leav+ ! palace ,mr4 ,/eph5son1 be?9k+ him ( ! model by :i* he _h j be5 illu/rat+ ! ,belgian coal-fields1 said to 8 fri5d1 ,by ! bye1 ,sop)1 ,i 0 afraid ! k+ w\ld see ! inside ( my hat2 x's a %ock+ bad "o6 ,little c\ld ,george ,/eph5son1 :5 brakesman at a coal-pit1 h dreamt t1 9 ! c\rse ( 8 life1 he %\ld be admitt$ to an int]view ) a mon>*1 & describe to him ! mann] 9 :i* ! geological f\ndations ( 8 k+dom _h be5 laid6 ,mr4 ,/eph5son paid a second visit to ,belgium 9 ! c\rse ( ! same ye>1 on ! bus9ess ( ! ,we/ ,fl&]s ,railway2 & he _h sc>cely return$ f x ere he made arrangem5ts to proce$ to ,spa91 = ! purpose ( exam9+ & report+ ^u a s*eme !n on foot = con/ruct+ ! ,royal ,nor? ( ,spa9 ,railway4 ,a concession _h be5 made by ! ,spani% ,gov]nm5t ( a l9e ( railway f ,madrid to ! ,bay ( ,biscay1 & a num]\s /aff ( eng9e]s 0 engag$ 9 survey+ x4 ,! directors ( ! ,company _h decl9$ mak+ ! necess>y deposits until m fav\rable t]ms _h be5 secur$2 & ,sir ,jo%ua ,walmsley1 on _! "p1 0 ab\t to visit ,spa9 & press ! ,gov]nm5t on ! subject4 ,mr4 ,/eph5son1 :om he consult$1 0 alive to ! difficulties ( ! (fice :i* ,sir ,jo%ua 0 induc$ to und]take1 & (f]$ to be 8 companion & advis] on ! occasion1--decl9+ to receive any recomp5se beyond ! simple exp5ses ( ! j\rney4 ,he c\ld only arrange to be abs5t = six weeks1 & set out f ,engl& ab\t ! middle ( ,septemb]1 #ahde4 ,! p>ty 0 jo9$ at ,p>is by ,mr4 ,mack5zie1 ! contractor = ! ,orleans & ,t\rs ,railway1 !n 9 c\rse ( con/ruction1 :o took !m ov] ! works1 & accompani$ !m z f> z ,t\rs4 ,!y soon rea*$ ! great *a9 ( ! ,pyr5ees1 & cross$ ov] into ,spa94 ,x 0 on a ,sunday ev5+1 aft] a long day's toilsome j\rney ?r\gh ! m\nta9s1 t ! p>ty sudd5ly f\nd !mselves 9 "o ( ^? beautiful seclud$ valleys ly+ amid/ ! ,we/]n ,pyr5ees4 ,a small hamlet lay be=e !m1 consi/+ ( "s ?irty or =ty h\ses & a f9e old *ur*4 ,! sun 0 l[ on ! horizon1 &1 "u ! wide por*1 b5ea? ! %ad[ ( ! *ur*1 7 seat$ ne>ly all ! inhabitants ( ! place4 ,!y 7 dress$ 9 _! holiday attire4 ,! bright bits ( r$ & amb] col\r 9 ! dresses ( ! wom51 & ! gay sa%es ( ! m51 =m$ a /rik+ picture1 on :i* ! travell]s gaz$ 9 sil5t admiration4 ,x 0 some?+ entirely novel & unexpect$4 ,beside ! villag]s sat two v5]able old m51 ^: canonical hats indicat$ _! quality z village pa/ors4 ,two gr\ps ( "y wom5 & *ildr5 7 danc+ outside ! por* to ! accompanim5t ( a simple pipe2 & )9 a hundr$ y>ds ( !m1 "s ( ! y\?s ( ! village 7 disport+ !mselves 9 a?letic ex]cises2 ! :ole be+ c>ri$ on b5ea? ! fo/]+ c>e ( ! old *ur*1 & ) ! sanction ( its m9i/]s4 ,x 0 a beautiful sc5e1 & deeply mov$ ! travell]s z !y approa*$ ! pr9cipal gr\p4 ,! villag]s greet$ !m c\rte\sly1 suppli$ _! pres5t wants1 & press$ ^u !m "s f9e melons1 br\ght f _! adjo9+ g>d5s4 ,mr4 ,/eph5son us$ aft]w>ds to look back ^u t simple sc5e1 & speak ( x z "o ( ! mo/ *>m+ pa/orals he _h ev] witness$4 ,!y %ortly rea*$ ! site ( ! propos$ railway1 pass+ ?r\gh ,irun1 ,/4 ,seba/ian1 ,/4 ,&]o1 & ,bilbao1 at :i* places !y met deputations ( ! pr9cipal inhabitants :o 7 int]e/$ 9 ! subject ( _! j\rney4 ,at ,raynosa ,/eph5son c>efully exam9$ ! m\nta9 passes & rav9es ?r\gh :i* a railway c\ld be made4 ,he rose at break ( day1 & survey$ until ! d>kness set 92 & frequ5tly 8 re/+-place at night 0 ! floor ( "s mis]able hovel4 ,he 0 ?us labori\sly occupi$ = t5 days1 aft] :i* he proce$$ across ! prov9ce ( ,old ,ca/ile t[>ds ,madrid1 survey+ z he w5t4 ,! propos$ plan includ$ ! pur*ase ( ! ,ca/ile ,canal2 & t prop]ty 0 also survey$4 ,he next proce$$ to ,el ,escorial1 situat$ at ! foot ( ! ,guad>ama m\nta9s1 ?r\gh :i* he f\nd t x w\ld be necess>y to con/ruct two =midable tunnels2 add$ to :i* he asc]ta9$ t ! c\ntry betwe5 ,el ,escorial & ,madrid 0 ( a v difficult & exp5sive "* to "w ?r\gh4 ,tak+ ^! circum/ances into acc\nt1 & look+ at ! expect$ traffic on ! propos$ l9e1 ,sir ,jo%ua ,walmsley1 act+ "u ! advice ( ,mr4 ,/eph5son1 (f]$ to con/ruct ! l9e f ,madrid to ! ,bay ( ,biscay1 only on condition t ! requisite l& 0 giv5 ! ,company = ! purpose2 t !y %\ld be all[$ e facility = cutt+ su* timb] belong+ ! ,cr[n z might be requir$ = ! purposes ( ! railway2 & also t ! mat]ials requir$ f abroad = ! con/ruction ( ! l9e %\ld be admitt$ free ( duty4 ,9 return = ^! concessions ! ,company (f]$ to clo! & fe$ sev]al ?\s&s ( convicts :ile engag$ 9 ! execution ( ! e>?works4 ,g5]al ,n>vaez1 aft]w>ds ,duke ( ,val5cia1 receiv$ ,sir ,jo%ua ,walmsley & ,mr4 ,/eph5son on ! subject ( _! proposition1 & express$ 8 will+ness to close ) !m2 b x 0 necess>y t o!r influ5tial p>ties %\ld give _! concurr5ce be=e ! s*eme c\ld be c>ri$ into effect4 ,! deputation wait$ t5 days to receive ! answ] ( ! ,spani% ,gov]nm5t2 b no answ] ( any k9d 0 v\*saf$4 ,! au?orities1 inde$1 invit$ !m to be pres5t at a ,spani% bullfight1 b t 0 n q ! bus9ess ,mr4 ,/eph5son _h gone all ! way to ,spa9 to transact2 & ! (f] 0 politely decl9$4 ,! result 01 t ,mr4 ,/eph5son dissuad$ 8 fri5d f mak+ ! necess>y deposit at ,madrid4 ,besides1 he _h by ?is "t =m$ an unfav\rable op9ion ( ! entire project1 & consid]$ t ! traffic w\ld n am\nt to "o-eigh? ( ! e/imate4 ,mr4 ,/eph5son 0 n[ anxi\s to be 9 ,engl&4 ,dur+ ! j\rney f ,madrid he (t5 spoke ) affection ( fri5ds & relatives2 & :5 app>5tly absorb$ by o!r matt]s1 he w\ld rev]t to :at he ?\ght might !n be pass+ at home4 ,few incid5ts wor?y ( notice occurr$ on ! j\rney homew>d1 b "o may be m5tion$4 ,:ile travell+ 9 an op5 conveyance betwe5 ,madrid & ,vittoria1 ! driv] urg$ 8 mules d[n hill at a dang]\s pace4 ,he 0 reque/$ to slack5 spe$2 b suspect+ 8 pass5g]s to be afraid1 he only flogg$ ! brutes into a /ill m furi\s gallop4 ,obs]v+ ?is1 ,mr4 ,/eph5son coolly said1 ,let u try him on ! o!r tack2 tell him to %[ u ! fa/e/ pace at :i* ,spani% mules c g4 ,! rogue ( a driv]1 :5 he f\nd 8 tricks ( no avail1 pull$ up & proce$$ at a m mod]ate spe$ = ! re/ ( ! j\rney4 ,urg5t bus9ess requir$ ,mr4 ,/eph5son's pres5ce 9 ,london on ! la/ day ( ,novemb]4 ,!y travell$ !re=e almo/ cont9u\sly1 day & night2 & ! fatigue consequ5t on ! j\rney1 add$ to ! privations volunt>ily endur$ by ! eng9e] :ile c>ry+ on ! survey among ! ,spani% m\nta9s1 began to tell s]i\sly on 8 heal?4 ,by ! "t he rea*$ ,p>is he 0 evid5tly ill1 b he nev]!less det]m9$ on proce$+4 ,he rea*$ ,havre 9 "t = ! ,s\?ampton boat2 b :5 on bo>d1 pleurisy develop$ itself1 & x 0 necess>y to ble$ him freely4 ,dur+ ! voyage1 he sp5t 8 "t *iefly 9 dictat+ lett]s & reports to ,sir ,jo%ua ,walmsley1 :o nev] left him1 & ^: k9dness on ! occasion he gratefully rememb]$4 ,8 fri5d 0 /ruck by ! cle>ness ( 8 dictat$ composition1 :i* exhibit$ a vig\r & cond5sation :i* to him seem$ m>vell\s4 ,aft] a few weeks' re/ at home1 ,mr4 ,/eph5son gradually recov]$1 ?\gh 8 heal? rema9$ sev]ely %ak54 ,picture3 ,newca/le1 f ! ,high ,level ,bridge ,,*apt] ,,xvi4 ,,rob]t ,,/eph5son',s ,,c>e]--,,! ,,/eph5sons ,,& ,,brunel--,,ea/ ,,coa/ ,,r\te ,,to ,,scotl&--,,royal ,,bord] ,,bridge1 ,,b]wick--,,high ,,level ,,bridge1 ,,newca/le4 ,! c>e] ( ,george ,/eph5son 0 draw+ to a close4 ,he _h = "s "t be5 gradually retir+ f ! m active pursuit ( railway eng9e]+1 & conf9+ himself to ! promotion ( only a few und]tak+s 9 :i* he took a m ?an ord9>y p]sonal int]e/4 ,9 #ahdj1 :5 ! ext5sive ma9 l9es 9 ! ,midl& di/ricts _h be5 f9i%$ & op5$ = traffic1 he publicly express$ 8 int5tion ( )draw+ f ! pr(ession4 ,he _h rea*$ sixty1 &1 hav+ sp5t ! great] "p ( 8 life 9 v h>d "w1 he naturally desir$ re/ & retirem5t 9 8 old age4 ,!re 0 ! less necessity = 8 cont9u+ 9 h>ness1 z ,rob]t ,/eph5son 0 n[ 9 full c>e] z a lead+ railway eng9e]1 & 8 fa!r _h pleasure 9 h&+ ov] to him1 ) ! sanction ( ! companies conc]n$1 ne>ly all ! railway appo9tm5ts :i* he held4 ,rob]t ,/eph5son amply repaid 8 fa!r's c>e4 ,! s\nd education ( :i* he _h laid ! f\ndations at s*ool1 improv$ by 8 subsequ5t culture1 b m ?an all by 8 fa!r's example ( application1 indu/ry1 & ?or\ghness 9 all t he und]took1 told p[]fully 9 ! =mation ( 8 "*1 n less ?an 9 ! discipl9e ( 8 intellect4 ,8 fa!r _h e>ly implant$ 9 him habits ( m5tal activity1 famili>iz$ him ) ! laws ( me*anics1 & c>efully tra9$ & /imulat$ 8 inv5tive faculties1 ! fir/ great fruits ( :i*1 z we h se51 7 exhibit$ 9 ! triumph ( ! ,rocket at ,ra9hill4 ,i am fully consci\s 9 my own m9d1 said ! son at a meet+ ( ! ,me*anical ,eng9e]s at ,newca/le1 9 #aheh1 h[ greatly my civil eng9e]+ has be5 regulat$ & influ5c$ by ! me*anical k :i* ,i d]iv$ directly f my fa!r2 & ! m my exp]i5ce has advanc$1 ! m conv9c$ ,i h become t x is necess>y to educate an eng9e] 9 ! work%op4 ,t is1 emphatically1 ! education :i* w r5d] ! eng9e] mo/ intellig5t1 mo/ useful1 & ! fulle/ ( res\rces 9 times ( difficulty4 ,rob]t ,/eph5son 0 b tw5ty-six ye>s old :5 ! p]=mances ( ! ,rocket e/abli%$ ! practicability ( /eam locomotion on railways4 ,he 0 %ortly aft] appo9t$ eng9e] ( ! ,leice/] & ,swann+ton ,railway2 aft] :i*1 at 8 fa!r's reque/1 he 0 made jo9t eng9e] ) himself 9 lay+ out ! ,london & ,birm+ham ,railway1 & ! execution ( t l9e 0 aft]w>ds entru/$ to him z sole eng9e]4 ,! /ability & excell5ce ( ! works ( t railway1 ! difficulties :i* _h be5 successfully ov]come 9 ! c\rse ( its con/ruction1 & ! judgm5t :i* 0 display$ by ,rob]t ,/eph5son ?r\gh\t ! :ole conduct ( ! und]tak+ to its completion1 e/abli%$ 8 reputation z an eng9e]2 & 8 fa!r c\ld n[ look ) confid5ce & ) pride ^u 8 son's a*ievem5ts4 ,f t "t =w>d1 fa!r & son work$ toge!r z "o man1 ea* jeal\s ( ! o!r's hon\r2 & on ! fa!r's retirem5t1 x 0 g5]ally recogniz$ t1 9 ! sph]e ( railways1 ,rob]t ,/eph5son 0 ! =emo/ man1 ! safe/ guide1 & ! mo/ active work]4 ,rob]t ,/eph5son 0 subsequ5tly appo9t$ eng9e] ( ! ,ea/]n ,c\nties1 ! ,nor!rn & ,ea/]n1 & ! ,blackwall railways1 besides _m l9es 9 ! midl& & s\!rn di/ricts4 ,:5 ! speculation ( #ahdd set 91 8 s]vices 71 ( c\rse1 greatly 9 reque/4 ,?us1 9 "o session1 we f9d him engag$ z eng9e] = n few] ?an #cc new s*emes4 ,projectors ?\ght !mselves =tunate :o c\ld secure 8 "n1 & he _h only to propose 8 t]ms to obta9 !m4 ,! "w :i* he p]=m$ at ?is p]iod ( 8 life 0 inde$ enorm\s1 & 8 income 0 l>ge beyond any previ\s in/ance ( eng9e]+ ga94 ,b mu* ( 8 lab\r 0 heavy hackwork ( a v un9t]e/+ "*4 ,dur+ ! sitt+s ( ! committees ( ,p>liam5t1 almo/ e mom5t ( 8 "t 0 occupi$ 9 consultations1 & 9 prep>+ evid5ce or 9 giv+ x4 ,! cr[d$1 l[-ro($ committee-rooms ( ! old ,h\ses ( ,p>liam5t 7 altoge!r inadequate to accommodate ! ru% ( p]spir+ projectors ( bills1 & ev5 ! lobbies 7 sometimes *ok$ ) !m4 ,to h borne t noisome atmosph]e & heat w\ld h te/$ ! con/itutions ( salam&]s1 & eng9e]s 7 only human4 ,) bra9s kept 9 a /ate ( excitem5t dur+ ! entire day1 no wond] _! n]v\s sy/ems became un/rung4 ,_! only *ance ( refre%m5t 0 dur+ an occasional ru% to ! bun & s&wi* /& 9 ! lobby1 ?\gh sometimes ev5 t res\rce fail$ !m4 ,!n1 ) m9d & body jad$--probably aft] und]go+ a s]ies ( consultations ^u _m bills aft] ! ris+ ( ! committees--! exhau/$ eng9e]s w\ld seek to /imulate nature by a late1 p]haps a heavy1 d9n]4 ,:at *ance _h any ord9>y con/itution ( surviv+ su* an ordeal8 ,! consequ5ce 01 t /oma*1 bra91 & liv] 7 alike irretrievably injur$2 & h5ce ! m5 :o bore ! brunt ( ^? /ruggles--,/eph5son1 ,brunel1 ,locke1 & ,err+ton--h already all di$1 comp>atively "y m54 ,9 m5tion+ ! "n ( ,brunel1 we are rem9d$ ( him z ! pr9cipal rival & competitor ( ,rob]t ,/eph5son4 ,bo? 7 ! sons ( di/+ui%$ m51 & bo? inh]it$ ! fame & foll[$ 9 ! foot/eps ( _! fa!rs4 ,! ,/eph5sons 7 inv5tive1 practical1 & sagaci\s2 ! ,brunels +5i\s1 imag9ative1 & d>+4 ,! =m] 7 z ?or\ghly ,engli% 9 _! *>act]i/ics z ! latt] 7 p]haps z ?or\ghly ,fr5*4 ,! fa!rs & ! sons 7 alike successful 9 _! works1 ?\gh n 9 ! same degree4 ,measur$ by practical & pr(itable results1 ! ,/eph5sons 7 unque/ionably ! saf] m5 to foll[4 ,rob]t ,/eph5son & ,isamb>d ,k+dom ,brunel 7 de/9$ (t5 to come into collision 9 ! c\rse ( _! pr(essional life4 ,_! respective railway di/ricts m>*$ ) ea* o!r1 & x became _! bus9ess to invade or def5d ^? di/ricts1 accord+ z ! policy ( _! respective bo>ds might direct4 ,! gauge ( #g feet fix$ by ,mr4 ,brunel = ! ,great ,we/]n ,railway1 s entirely diff]5t f t ( #d;ft4 #h4e;94 adopt$ by ! ,/eph5sons on ! ,nor!rn & ,midl& l9es1 0 f ! fir/ a great cause ( cont5tion4 ,b ,mr4 ,brunel _h always an av]sion to foll[ any man's lead2 & t ano!r eng9e] _h fix$ ! gauge ( a railway1 or built a bridge1 or design$ an eng9e1 9 "o way1 0 ( itself (t5 a suffici5t reason ) him = adopt+ an altoge!r diff]5t c\rse4 ,rob]t ,/eph5son1 on 8 "p1 ?\gh less bold1 0 m practical1 pref]r+ to foll[ ! old r\tes1 & to tread 9 ! safe /eps ( 8 fa!r4 ,mr4 ,brunel1 h[ev]1 det]m9$ t ! ,great ,we/]n %\ld be a giant's road1 & t travell+ %\ld be conduct$ ^u x at d\ble spe$4 ,8 ambition 0 to make ! be/ road t imag9ation c\ld devise2 :]eas ! ma9 object ( ! ,/eph5sons1 bo? fa!r & son1 0 to make a road t w\ld pay4 ,al?\gh1 tri$ by ! ,/eph5son te/1 ,brunel's magnific5t road 0 a failure s f> z ! %>ehold]s 9 ! ,great ,we/]n ,company 7 conc]n$1 ! /imulus :i* 8 ambiti\s designs gave to me*anical inv5tion at ! "t prov$ a g5]al good4 ,! n>r[-gauge eng9e]s ex]t$ !mselves to quick5 _! locomotives to ! utmo/4 ,!y improv$ & re-improv$ !m2 ! ma*9]y 0 simplifi$ & p]fect$2 outside cyl9d]s gave place to inside2 ! /eadi] & m rapid & effective action ( ! eng9e 0 secur$2 & 9 a few ye>s ! highe/ spe$ on ! n>r[-gauge l9es w5t up f #cj to ab\t #ej miles an h\r4 ,= ?is rapidity ( progress we are 9 no small degree indebt$ to ! /imulus imp>t$ to ! n>r[-gauge eng9e]s by ,mr4 ,brunel4 ,& x is well = a c\ntry t x %\ld possess m5 su* z he1 ready to d>e ! untri$1 & to v5ture boldly into new pa?s4 ,individuals may suff] f ! co/ ( ! exp]im5ts2 b ! nation1 :i* is an aggregate ( individuals1 ga9s1 & s does ! _w at l>ge4 ,x 0 "o ( ! *>act]i/ics ( ,brunel to believe 9 ! success ( ! s*emes = :i* he 0 pr(essionally engag$ z eng9e]2 & he prov$ ?is by inve/+ 8 sav+s l>gely 9 ! ,great ,we/]n ,railway1 9 ! ,s\? ,devon atmosph]ic l9e1 & 9 ! ,great ,ea/]n /eam%ip1 ) :at results are well kn[n4 ,rob]t ,/eph5son1 on ! contr>y1 ) *>act]i/ic caution1 t[>ds ! latt] ye>s ( 8 life avoid$ hold+ ungu>ante$ railway %>es2 & ?\gh he might execute magnific5t /ructures1 su* z ! ,victoria ,bridge across ! ,/4 ,lawr5ce1 he 0 c>eful n to emb>k any portion ( 8 own =tune 9 ! ord9>y capital ( ^! conc]ns4 ,9 #ahde1 he %rewdly =esaw ! inevitable cra% t 0 ab\t to foll[ ! mania ( t ye>2 & :ile %>es 7 /ill at a premium he took ! opportunity ( sell+ out all t he _h4 ,he urg$ 8 fa!r to d ! same ?+1 b ,george's reply 0 *>act]i/ic4 ,no1 said he2 ,i took my %>es = an inve/m5t1 & n to speculate )1 & ,i am n go+ to sell !m n[ because folks h gone mad ab\t railways4 ,! consequ5ce 01 t he cont9u$ to hold ! #fj1jjj p\nds :i* he _h inve/$ 9 ! %>es ( v>i\s railways until 8 dea?1 :5 !y 7 at once sold out by 8 son1 ?\gh at a great depreciation on _! orig9al co/4 ,"o ( ! h>de/ battles f\ght betwe5 ! ,/eph5sons & ,brunel 0 = ! railway betwe5 ,newca/le & ,b]wick1 =m+ "p ( ! great ,ea/ ,coa/ r\te to ,scotl&4 ,z e>ly z #ahcf1 ,george ,/eph5son _h survey$ two l9es to connect ,ed9burgh ) ,newca/le3 "o by ,b]wick & ,dunb> along ! coa/1 & ! o!r1 m inl&1 by ,c>t] ,fell1 up ! vale ( ! ,gala1 to ! nor!rn capital2 b bo? projects lay dormant = sev]al ye>s long]1 until ! completion ( ! ,midl& & o!r ma9 l9es z f> nor? z ,newca/le1 _h ! effect ( aga9 reviv+ ! subject ( ! ext5sion ( ! r\te z f> z ,ed9burgh4 ,on ! #ah? ( ,june1 #ahdd1 ! ,newca/le & ,d>l+ton l9e--an important l9k ( ! great ma9 highway to ! nor?--0 complet$ & publicly op5$1 ?us connect+ ! ,?ames & ! ,tyne by a cont9u\s l9e ( railway4 ,on t day ! ,/eph5sons1 ) a di/+ui%$ p>ty ( railway m51 travell$ by express tra9 f ,london to ,newca/le 9 ab\t n9e h\rs4 ,x 0 a great ev5t1 & 0 wor?ily celebrat$4 ,! population ( ,newca/le held holiday2 & a banquet giv5 9 ! ,assembly ,rooms ! same ev5+ assum$ ! =m ( an ovation to ,george ,/eph5son & 8 son4 ,?irty ye>s be=e1 9 ! capacity ( a workman1 he _h be5 lab\r+ at ! con/ruction ( 8 fir/ locomotive 9 ! imm$iate neighb\rhood4 ,by sl[ & labori\s /eps he _h work$ 8 way on1 dragg+ ! locomotive into notice1 & rais+ himself 9 public e/imation2 until at l5g? he _h victori\sly e/abli%$ ! railway sy/em1 & w5t back among/ 8 t[nsm5 to receive _! greet+4 ,aft] ! op5+ ( ?is railway1 ! project ( ! ,ea/ ,coa/ l9e f ,newca/le to ,b]wick 0 reviv$2 & ,george ,/eph5son1 :o _h already id5tifi$ himself ) ! "q1 & 0 intimately acqua9t$ ) e foot ( ! gr\nd1 0 call$ ^u to assi/ ! promot]s ) 8 judgm5t & exp]i5ce4 ,he aga9 recomm5d$ z /rongly z be=e ! l9e he _h previ\sly survey$2 & on its be+ adopt$ by ! local committee1 ! necess>y /eps 7 tak5 to h ! s*eme br\ght be=e ,p>liam5t 9 ! ensu+ session4 ,! ,ea/ ,coa/ l9e 0 n1 h[ev]1 to be all[$ to pass )\t a fight4 ,on ! contr>y1 x _h to enc\nt] z /\t an opposition z ! ,/eph5sons _h ev] exp]i5c$4 ,we h already /at$ t ab\t ?is "t ! plan ( sub/itut+ atmosph]ic pressure = locomotive /eam-p[] 9 ! work+ ( railways1 _h become v popul>4 ,_m em95t eng9e]s support$ ! atmosph]ic sy/em1 & a /rong p>ty 9 ,p>liam5t1 head$ by ! ,prime ,m9i/]1 7 greatly dispos$ 9 its fav\r4 ,mr4 ,brunel w>mly esp\s$ ! atmosph]ic pr9ciple1 & 8 p]suasive mann]1 z well z 8 admitt$ sci5tific ability1 unque/ionably ex]cis$ consid]able influ5ce 9 det]m9+ ! views ( _m lead+ memb]s ( bo? ,h\ses4 ,among/ o!rs1 ,"l ,h[ick1 "o ( ! memb]s = ,nor?umb]l&1 adopt$ ! new pr9ciple1 &1 possess+ great local influ5ce1 he succe$$ 9 =m+ a p[]ful conf$]acy ( ! l&$ g5try 9 fav\r ( ,brunel's atmosph]ic railway ?r\gh t c\nty4 ,george ,/eph5son c\ld n brook ! idea ( see+ ! locomotive1 = :i* he _h f\ght s _m /\t battles1 pu%$ to "o side1 & t 9 ! v c\nty 9 :i* its great p[]s _h be5 fir/ develop$4 ,nor did he reli% ! appe>ance ( ,mr4 ,brunel z ! eng9e] ( ,"l ,h[ick's s*eme1 9 opposition to ! l9e :i* _h occupi$ 8 ?\ghts & be5 ! object ( 8 /r5u\s advocacy = s _m ye>s4 ,:5 ,/eph5son fir/ met ,brunel 9 ,newca/le1 he good-natur$ly %ook him by ! coll>1 & ask$ ,:at bus9ess he _h nor? ( ! ,tyne8 ,george gave him to und]/& t !y 7 to h a fair /&-up fight = ! gr\nd1 &1 %ak+ h&s be=e ! battle l ,engli%m51 !y p>t$ 9 good hum\r4 ,a public meet+ 0 held at ,newca/le 9 ! foll[+ ,decemb]1 :51 aft] a full discussion ( ! m]its ( ! respective plans1 ,/eph5son's l9e 0 almo/ unanim\sly adopt$ z ! be/4 ,! rival projects w5t be=e ,p>liam5t 9 #ahde1 & a sev]e conte/ ensu$4 ,! display ( ability & tactics on bo? sides 0 great4 ,rob]t ,/eph5son 0 exam9$ at great l5g? z to ! m]its ( ! locomotive l9e1 & ,brunel at equally great l5g? z to ! m]its ( ! atmosph]ic sy/em4 ,mr4 ,brunel1 9 8 evid5ce1 said t aft] num]\s exp]im5ts1 he _h arriv$ at ! conclusion t ! me*anical contrivance ( ! atmosph]ic sy/em 0 p]fectly applicable1 & he believ$ t x w\ld likewise be m economical 9 mo/ cases ?an locomotive p[]4 ,9 %ort1 said he1 rapidity1 com=t1 safety1 & economy1 are its *ief recomm5dations4 ,b ! locomotive aga9 triumph$4 ,! ,/eph5son ,coa/ ,l9e secur$ ! approval ( ,p>liam5t2 & ! %>ehold]s 9 ! ,atmosph]ic ,company 7 happily prev5t$ inve/+ _! capital 9 :at w\ld unque/ionably h prov$ a gigantic blund]4 ,=1 less ?an ?ree ye>s lat]1 ! :ole ( ! atmosph]ic tubes :i* _h be5 laid d[n on o!r l9es 7 pull$ up & ! mat]ials sold--includ+ ,mr4 ,brunel's imm5se tube on ! ,s\? ,devon ,railway--to make way = ! work+ ( ! locomotive eng9e4 ,george ,/eph5son's fir/ v]dict ( ,x won't d1 0 ?us conclusively confirm$4 ,rob]t ,/eph5son us$ aft]w>ds to describe ) great gu/o an int]view :i* took place betwe5 ,"l ,h[ick & 8 fa!r1 at 8 (fice 9 ,great ,george ,/reet1 dur+ ! progress ( ! bill 9 ,p>liam5t4 ,8 fa!r 0 9 ! out] (fice1 :]e he us$ to sp5d a good deal ( 8 sp>e "t2 occasionally tak+ a quiet wre/le ) a fri5d :5 no?+ else 0 /irr+4 #cji ,on ! day 9 "q1 ,george 0 /&+ ) 8 back to ! fire1 :5 ,"l ,h[ick call$ to see ,rob]t4 ,oh6 ?\ght ,george1 he has come to try & talk ,rob]t ov] ab\t t atmosph]ic gimcrack2 b ,i'll tackle 8 ,lord%ip4 ,come 91 my ,"l1 said he1 ,rob]t's busy2 b ,i'll answ] y\r purpose q z well2 sit d[n "h1 if y please4 ,george began1 ,n[1 my ,"l1 ,i "k v well :at y h come ab\t3 x's t atmosph]ic l9e 9 ! nor?2 ,i w %[ y 9 less ?an five m9utes t x c nev] answ]4 ,if ,mr4 ,rob]t ,/eph5son is n at lib]ty1 ,i c call aga91 said 8 ,lord%ip4 ,he's c]ta9ly occupi$ on important bus9ess j at pres5t1 0 ,george's answ]2 b ,i c tell y f> bett] ?an he c :at nons5se ! atmosph]ic sy/em is3 ,rob]t's good-natur$1 y see1 & if y\r ,lord%ip 7 to get alongside ( him y might talk him ov]2 s y h be5 q lucky 9 meet+ ) me4 ,n[1 j look at ! "q ( exp5se1--& !n he proce$$ 9 8 /rong ,doric to expla9 8 views 9 detail1 until ,"l ,h[ick c\ld /& x no long]1 & he rose & walk$ t[>ds ! door4 ,george foll[$ him d[n /airs1 to f9i% 8 demolition ( ! atmosph]ic sy/em1 & 8 p>t+ words 71 ,y may take my ^w = x1 my ,"l1 x w nev] answ]4 ,george aft]w>ds told 8 son ) glee ( ! settl] he _h giv5 ,"l ,h[ick4 ,s closely 7 ! ,/eph5sons id5tifi$ ) ?is measure1 & s great 0 ! p]sonal int]e/ :i* !y 7 bo? kn[n to take 9 its success1 t1 on ! news ( ! triumph ( ! bill rea*+ ,newca/le1 a sort ( g5]al holiday took place1 & ! workm5 belong+ to ! ,/eph5son ,locomotive ,factory1 upw>ds ( #hjj 9 numb]1 walk$ 9 procession ?r\gh ! pr9cipal /reets ( ! t[n1 accompani$ ) music & bann]s4 ,x is unnecess>y to ent] into any description ( ! works on ! ,newca/le & ,b]wick ,railway4 ,!re are no few] ?an #aaj bridges ( all sorts on ! l9e--"s "u & "s ov] x4 ,b by f> ! mo/ =midable piece ( masonry "w on ?is railway is at its nor!rn extremity1 :]e x passes across ! ,twe$ into ,scotl&1 imm$iately opposite ! =m]ly r$\btable ca/le ( ,b]wick4 ,n _m c5turies _h pass$ s9ce ! di/rict amid/ :i* ?is bridge /&s 0 ! sc5e ( almo/ con/ant w>f>e4 ,b]wick 0 reg>d$ z ! key ( ,scotl&1 & 0 fi]cely f\ght =1 sometimes held by a ,scot* & sometimes by an ,engli% g>rison4 ,?\gh /rongly =tifi$1 x 0 repeat$ly tak5 by assault4 ,on its capture by ,edw>d ,i41 ,boetius says #ag1jjj p]sons 7 sla91 s t its /reets ran ) blood l a riv]4 ,)9 sight ( ! ramp>ts1 a little to ! we/1 is ,halidon ,hill1 :]e a fam\s victory 0 ga9$ by ,edw>d ,,iii41 ov] ! ,scotti% army "u ,d\glas2 & !re is sc>cely a foot ( gr\nd 9 ! neighb\rhood b has be5 ! sc5e ( cont5tion 9 days long pa/4 ,9 ! reigns ( ,james ,i4 & ,*>les ,i41 a bridge ( #ae ar*es 0 built across ! ,twe$ at ,b]wick2 & 9 our own day a railway-bridge ( #bh ar*es has be5 built a little above ! old "o1 b at a mu* high] level4 ,! bridge built by ! ,k+s1 out ( ! national res\rces1 co/ #ae1jjj p\nds1 & occupi$ #bd ye>s & #d mon?s 9 ! build+2 ! bridge built by ! ,railway ,company1 ) funds drawn f private res\rces1 co/ #abj1jjj p\nds1 & 0 f9i%$ 9 #c ye>s & #d mon?s f ! day ( lay+ ! f\ndation-/one4 ,picture3 ,! ,royal ,bord] ,bridge1 ,b]wick-^u-,twe$ ,?is important viaduct1 built aft] ! design ( ,rob]t ,/eph5son1 consi/s ( a s]ies ( #bh semicircul> ar*es1 ea* #fa feet #f in*es 9 span1 ! greate/ height above ! b$ ( ! riv] be+ #abf feet4 ,! :ole is built ( a%l>1 ) a he>t+ ( rubble2 except+ ! riv] p>ts ( ! ar*es1 :i* are con/ruct$ ) bricks laid 9 cem5t4 ,! total l5g? ( ! "w is #bafj feet4 ,! f\ndations ( ! pi]s 7 got 9 by c(f]-dams 9 ! ord9>y way1 ,nasmy?'s /eam-hamm] be+ ext5sively us$ 9 driv+ ! piles4 ,! be>+ piles1 f :i* ! f\ndations ( ! pi]s 7 built up1 7 ea* capable ( c>ry+ #gj tons4 ,ano!r bridge1 ( /ill great] importance1 necess>y to complete ! cont9uity ( ! ,ea/ ,coa/ r\te1 0 ! ma/]work erect$ by ,rob]t ,/eph5son betwe5 ! nor? & s\? banks ( ! ,tyne at ,newca/le1 commonly kn[n z ! ,high ,level ,bridge4 ,mr4 ,r4 ,w4 ,br&l+1 ,george ,/eph5son's e>ly fri5d1 is entitl$ to ! m]it ( orig9at+ ! idea ( ?is bridge z x 0 ev5tually c>ri$ out1 ) a c5tral t]m9us = ! nor!rn railways 9 ! ,ca/le ,g>?4 ,! plan 0 fir/ promulgat$ by him 9 #ahda2 & 9 ! foll[+ ye> x 0 resolv$ t ,george ,/eph5son %\ld be consult$ z to ! mo/ advisable site = ! propos$ /ructure4 ,a prospectus ( a ,high ,level ,bridge ,company 0 issu$ 9 #ahdc1 ! names ( ,george ,/eph5son & ,george ,hudson appe>+ on ! committee ( managem5t1 ,rob]t ,/eph5son be+ ! consult+ eng9e]4 ,! project 0 ev5tually tak5 up by ! ,newca/le & ,d>l+ton ,railway ,company1 & an ,act = ! con/ruction ( ! bridge 0 obta9$ 9 #ahde4 ,! rapid ext5sion ( railways _h giv5 an extraord9>y /imulus to ! art ( bridge-build+2 ! numb] ( su* /ructures erect$ 9 ,great ,brita9 alone1 s9ce #ahcj1 hav+ be5 above #be1jjj1 or m ?an all t _h be=e exi/$ 9 ! c\ntry4 ,in/ead ( ! erection a s+le l>ge bridge con/itut+1 z =m]ly1 an epo* 9 eng9e]+1 hundr$s ( ext5sive bridges ( novel design 7 simultane\sly con/ruct$4 ,! necessity :i* exi/$ = c>ry+ rigid roads1 capable ( be>+ heavy railway tra9s at high spe$s1 ov] ext5sive gaps free ( support1 r5d]$ x obvi\s t ! me?ods :i* _h up to t "t be5 employ$ = bridg+ space 7 altoge!r insuffici5t4 ,! railway eng9e] c\ld n1 l ! ord9>y road eng9e]1 div]t 8 road & make *oice ( ! be/ po9t = cross+ a riv] or a valley4 ,he mu/ take su* gr\nd z lay 9 ! l9e ( 8 railway1 be x bog1 or mud1 or %ift+ s&4 ,navigable riv]s & cr[d$ ?or\ghf>es _h to be cross$ )\t int]ruption to ! exi/+ traffic1 sometimes by bridges at "r angles to ! riv] or road1 sometimes by ar*es m or less oblique4 ,9 _m cases great difficulty arose f ! limit$ nature ( ! headway2 b1 z ! level ( ! orig9al road mu/ g5]ally be pres]v$1 & t ( ! railway 0 9 a measure fix$ & det]m9$1 x 0 necess>y to modify ! =m & /ructure ( ! bridge1 9 almo/ e case1 9 ord] to comply ) ! public requirem5ts4 ,novel conditions 7 met by fre% inv5tions1 & difficulties ( ! mo/ unusual "* 7 "o aft] ano!r successfully surm\nt$4 ,9 execut+ ^! extraord9>y works1 iron has be5 ?r\gh\t ! %eet-an*or ( ! eng9e]4 ,9 its diff]5t =ms ( ca/ or wr\ght iron1 x (f]$ a valuable res\rce1 :]e rapidity ( execution1 great /r5g?1 & *eapness ( con/ruction 9 ! fir/ in/ance1 7 elem5ts ( prime importance2 & by its skilful use1 ! railway ar*itect 0 enabl$ to a*ieve results :i* ?irty ye>s ago w\ld sc>cely h be5 ?\ght possible4 ,9 _m ( ! e>ly ca/-iron bridges ! old =m ( ! ar* 0 adopt$1 ! /ability ( ! /ructure dep5d+ :olly on compression1 ! only novel feature be+ ! use ( iron in/ead ( /one4 ,b 9 a l>ge proportion ( cases1 ! ar*1 ) ! railroad ov] x1 0 f\nd inapplicable 9 consequ5ce ( ! limit$ headway :i* x provid$4 ,h5ce x e>ly occurr$ to ,george ,/eph5son1 :5 con/ruct+ ! ,liv]pool & ,man*e/] ,railway1 to adopt ! simple ca/-iron beam = ! cross+ ( sev]al roads & canals along t l9e--?is beam resembl+ 9 "s measure ! l9tel ( ! e>ly temples--! pressure on ! abutm5ts be+ purely v]tical4 ,"o ( ! e>lie/ in/ances ( ?is k9d ( bridge 0 t erect$ ov] ,wat] ,/reet1 ,man*e/]1 9 #ahbi2 aft] :i*1 ca/-iron gird]s1 ) _! l[] webs consid]ably l>g] ?an _! upp]1 7 ord9>ily employ$ :]e ! span 0 mod]ate2 & wr\ght-iron tie rods bel[ 7 add$ to give increas$ /r5g? :]e ! span 0 great]4 ,! next /ep 0 ! contrivance ( ar*$ beams or b[/r+ gird]s1 firmly held toge!r by horizontal ties to resi/ ! ?ru/1 in/ead ( abutm5ts4 ,num]\s excell5t specim5s ( ?is description ( bridge 7 erect$ by ,rob]t ,/eph5son on ! orig9al ,london & ,birm+ham ,railway2 b by f> ! gr&e/ "w ( ! k9d--p]fect z a specim5 ( mod]n con/ructive skill--0 ! ,high ,level ,bridge1 :i* we owe to ! g5ius ( ! same eng9e]4 ,! problem 01 to ?r[ a railway bridge across ! deep rav9e :i* lies betwe5 ! t[ns ( ,newca/le & ,gate%ead1 at ! bottom ( :i* fl[s ! navigable riv] ,tyne4 ,along & up ! sides ( ! valley--on ! ,newca/le bank especially--run /reets ( old-fa%ion$ h\ses1 clu/]$ toge!r 9 ! /range =ms peculi> to ! old] cities4 ,! rav9e is ( great dep?--s deep & s gloomy-look+ t[>ds dusk1 t local tradition records t :5 ! ,duke ( ,cumb]l& arriv$ late 9 ! ev5+ at ! br[ ( ! hill ov]look+ ! ,tyne1 on 8 way to ,cullod51 he exclaim$ to 8 att5dants1 on look+ d[n into ! black gorge be=e him1 ,= ,god's sake1 don't ?9k ( tak+ me d[n t coal-pit at ?is "t ( night6 ,! road d[n ! ,gate%ead ,high ,/reet is almo/ z /eep z ! ro( ( a h\se1 & up ! ,newca/le ,side1 z ! /reet !re is call$1 x is little bett]4 ,dur+ _m c5turies ! traffic nor? & s\? pass$ along ?is dang]\s & difficult r\te1 ov] ! old bridge :i* crosses ! riv] 9 ! bottom ( ! valley4 ,= ab\t #cj ye>s ! ,newca/le ,corporation _h discuss$ v>i\s me?ods ( improv+ ! communication betwe5 ! t[ns2 & ! discussion might h gone on = #cj ye>s m1 b = ! adv5t ( railways1 :5 ! skill & ent]prise to :i* !y gave bir? spe$ily solv$ ! difficulty & bridg$ ! rav9e4 ,! local au?orities adroitly took advantage ( ! opportunity1 & insi/$ on ! provision ( a road = ord9>y vehicles & foot pass5g]s 9 addition to ! railroad4 ,9 ?is circum/ance orig9at$ "o ( ! /rik+ peculi>ities ( ! ,high ,level ,bridge1 :i* s]ves two purposes1 be+ a railway above & a c>riage roadway und]nea?4 ,! bread? ( ! riv] at ! po9t ( cross+ is #eae feet1 b ! l5g? ( ! bridge & viaduct betwe5 ! ,gate%ead /ation & ! t]m9us on ! ,newca/le side is ab\t #djjj feet4 ,x spr+s f ,pipewell ,gate ,bank1 on ! s\?1 directly across to ,ca/le ,g>?1 :]e1 ne>ly front+ ! bridge1 /&s ! f9e old ,norman keep ( ! ,new ,ca/le1 n[ ne>ly #hjj ye>s old1 & a little beyond x is ! spire ( ,/4 ,ni*olas ,*ur*1 ) its light & graceful ,go?ic cr[n2 ! :ole =m+ a gr& ar*itectural gr\p ( unusual hi/oric int]e/4 ,! bridge passes completely ov] ! ro(s ( ! h\ses :i* fill bo? sides ( ! valley2 & ! extraord9>y height ( ! upp] p>apet1 :i* is ab\t #acj feet above ! b$ ( ! riv]1 (f]s a prospect to ! pass+ travell] ! l ( :i* is p]haps n[h]e else to be se54 ,f> bel[ are ! que] *>es & closes1 ! wynds & lanes ( old ,newca/le2 ! wat] is cr[d$ ) pudgy1 black1 coal keels2 &1 :5 !re is a p>tial disp]sion ( ! great smoke cl\ds :i* usually obscure ! sky1 ! funnels ( /eam]s & ! ma/s ( %ipp+ may be se5 f> d[n ! riv]4 ,! old bridge lies s f> b5ea? t ! pass5g]s cross+ x seem l s _m bees pass+ to & fro4 ,! fir/ difficulty enc\nt]$ 9 build+ ! bridge 0 9 secur+ a solid f\ndation = ! pi]s4 ,! dim5sions ( ! piles to be driv5 7 s huge1 t ! eng9e] f\nd x necess>y to employ "s extraord9>y means = ! purpose4 ,he call$ ,nasmy?'s ,titanic /eam-hamm] to 8 aid--! fir/ occasion1 we believe1 on :i* ?is prodigi\s p[] 0 employ$ 9 bridge pile-driv+4 ,a tempor>y /ag+ 0 erect$ = ! /eam-eng9e & hamm] app>atus1 :i* re/$ on two keels1 &1 not)/&+ ! newness & /iffness ( ! ma*9]y1 ! fir/ pile 0 driv5 on ! #f? ,octob]1 #ahdf1 to a dep? ( #cb feet1 9 f\r m9utes4 ,two hamm]s ( #cj cwt4 ea* 7 kept 9 regul> use1 mak+ f #fj to #gj /rokes a m9ute2 & ! results 7 a/\nd+ to ^? :o _h be5 accu/om$ to ! old /yle ( pile-driv+ by means ( ! ord9>y pile-frame1 consi/+ ( slide1 ram1 & monkey4 ,by ! old sy/em1 ! pile 0 driv5 by a comp>atively small mass ( iron desc5d+ ) great velocity f a consid]able height--! velocity be+ 9 excess & ! mass defici5t1 & calculat$1 l ! mom5tum ( a cannon-ball1 r = de/ructive ?an impulsive action4 ,9 ! case ( ! /eam pile-driv]1 on ! contr>y1 ! :ole weight ( a heavy mass is deliv]$ rapidly ^u a driv+-block ( sev]al tons weight plac$ directly ov] ! head ( ! pile1 ! weight nev] ceas+1 & ! bl[s be+ repeat$ at ! rate ( a bl[ a second1 until ! pile is driv5 home4 ,x is a curi\s fact1 t ! rapid /rokes ( ! /eam-hamm] evolv$ s mu* heat1 t on _m occasions ! pile-head bur/ into flames dur+ ! process ( driv+4 ,! ela/ic =ce ( /eam is ! p[] t lifts ! ram1 ! escape p]mitt+ its entire =ce to fall ^u ! head ( ! driv+ block2 :ile ! /eam above ! pi/on on ! upp] "p ( ! cyl9d]1 act+ z a buff] or recoil-spr+1 mat]ially enhances ! effect ( ! d[nw>d bl[4 ,z soon z "o pile 0 driv51 ! travell]1 hov]+ ov]head1 pres5t$ ano!r1 & d[n x w5t into ! solid b$ ( ! riv]1 ) almo/ z mu* ease z a lady /icks p9s into a cu%ion4 ,by ! aid ( ?is p[]ful ma*9e1 pile-driv+1 =m]ly among ! mo/ co/ly & t$i\s ( eng9e]+ op]ations1 became easy1 rapid1 & comp>atively economical4 ,:5 ! piles _h be5 driv5 & ! c(f]-dams =m$ & puddl$1 ! wat] )9 ! enclos$ spaces 0 pump$ out by ! aid ( p[]ful eng9es1 s z1 if possible1 to lay b>e ! b$ ( ! riv]4 ,consid]able difficulty 0 exp]i5c$ 9 gett+ 9 ! f\ndations ( ! middle pi]1 9 consequ5ce ( ! wat] =c+ itself ?r\gh ! quicks& b5ea? z fa/ z x 0 remov$1 ,?is fruitless lab\r w5t on = mon?s1 & _m exp$i5ts 7 tri$4 ,*alk 0 ?r[n 9 9 l>ge quantities outside ! pil+1 b )\t effect4 ,cem5t concrete 0 at la/ put )9 ! c(f]-dam1 until x set1 & ! bottom 0 !n f\nd to be secure4 ,a b$ ( concrete 0 laid up to ! level ( ! heads ( ! piles1 ! f\ndation c\rse ( /one blocks be+ comm5c$ ab\t two feet bel[ l[ wat]1 & ! build+ proce$$ )\t fur!r difficulty4 ,x may s]ve to give an idea ( ! magnitude ( ! "w1 :5 we /ate t #djj1jjj cubic feet ( a%l>1 rubble1 & concrete 7 work$ up 9 ! pi]s1 & #dej1jjj cubic feet 9 ! l&-ar*es & approa*es4 ,! mo/ novel feature ( ! /ructure is ! use ( ca/ & wr\ght iron 9 =m+ ! d\ble bridge1 :i* admirably comb9es ! two pr9ciples ( ! ar* & susp5sion2 ! railway be+ c>ri$ ov] ! back ( ! ribb$ ar*es 9 ! usual mann]1 :ile ! c>riage-road & footpa?s1 =m+ a long gall]y or aisle1 are susp5d$ f ^! ar*es by wr\ght-iron v]tical rods1 ) horizontal tie-b>s to resi/ ! ?ru/4 ,! susp5sion-bolts are enclos$ )9 sp&ril pill>s ( ca/ iron1 :i* give great /iffness to ! sup]/ructure4 ,?is sy/em ( longitud9al & v]tical brac+ has be5 mu* admir$1 = x n only accompli%es ! prim>y object ( secur+ rigidity 9 ! roadway1 b at ! same "t1 by its graceful arrangem5t1 height5s ! beauty ( ! /ructure4 ,! ar*es consi/ ( f\r ma9 ribs1 dispos$ 9 pairs ) a cle> di/ance betwe5 ! two inn] ar*es ( #bj feet #d in*es1 =m+ ! c>riage-road1 :ile betwe5 ea* ( ! inn] & out] ribs !re is a space ( #f feet #b in*es1 con/itut+ ! footpa?s4 ,ea* ar* is ca/ 9 five sep>ate l5g?s or segm5ts1 /rongly bolt$ toge!r4 ,! ribs spr+ f horizontal plates ( ca/ iron1 b$d$ & secur$ on ! /one pi]s4 ,all ! abutt+ jo9ts 7 c>efully execut$ by ma*9]y1 ! fitt+ be+ ( ! mo/ p]fect k9d4 ,9 ord] to provide = ! expansion & contraction ( ! iron ar*+1 & to pres]ve ! equilibrium ( ! pi]s )\t di/urbance or rack+ ( ! o!r p>ts ( ! bridge1 x 0 arrang$ t ! ribs ( e two adjo9+ ar*es re/+ on ! same pi] %\ld be secur$ to ! spr++-plates by keys & joggles2 :il/ on ! next pi]s on ei!r side1 ! ribs rema9$ free & 7 at lib]ty to exp& or contract accord+ to temp]ature--a space be+ left = ! purpose4 ,h5ce ea* ar* is complete & indep5d5t 9 itself1 ! pi]s hav+ simply to su/a9 _! v]tical pressure4 ,!re are six ar*es ( #abe feet span ea*2 ! two approa*es to ! bridge be+ =m$ ( ca/-iron pill>s & be>]s 9 keep+ ) ! ar*es4 ,picture3 ,high ,level ,bridge--,elevation ( "o ,ar* ,! result is a bridge t = massive solidity may be pron\nc$ unrivall$4 ,x is p]haps ! mo/ magnific5t & /rik+ ( all ! bridges to :i* railways h giv5 bir?1 & has be5 wor?ily /yl$ ! ,k+ ( railway /ructures4 ,x is a monum5t ( ! highe/ eng9e]+ skill ( our "t1 ) ! impress ( p[] gr&ly /amp$ ^u x4 ,x w also be obs]v$1 f ! draw+ plac$ z ! frontispiece ( ?is book1 t ! ,high ,level ,bridge =ms a v f9e object 9 a picture ( great int]e/1 full ( /rik+ ar*itectural v>iety & beauty4 ,! bridge 0 op5$ on ! #ae? ,augu/1 #ahdi1 & a few days aft] ! royal tra9 pass$ ov] x1 halt+ = a few m9utes to enable h] ,maje/y to survey ! wond]ful sc5e bel[4 ,9 ! c\rse ( ! foll[+ ye> ! ,que5 op5$ ! ext5sive /one viaduct across ! ,twe$1 above describ$1 by :i* ! la/ l9k 0 complet$ ( ! cont9u\s l9e ( railway betwe5 ,london & ,ed9burgh4 ,ov] ! entrance to ! ,b]wick /ation1 occupy+ ! site ( ! once r$\btable ,bord] =tress1 s (t5 ! deadly battle-gr\nd ( ! anci5t ,scots & ,engli%1 0 erect$ an ar* "u :i* ! royal tra9 pass$1 be>+ 9 l>ge lett]s ( gold ! appropriate words1 ,! la/ act ( ! ,union4 ,! w>d]s at ,b]wick no long] look out f ! ca/le walls to descry ! glitt] ( ,s\?ron spe>s4 ,! bell-t[]1 f :i* ! al>m 0 s\nd$ ( old1 ?\gh /ill /&+1 is des]t$2 ! only bell he>d )9 ! prec9cts ( ! old ca/le be+ ! railway port]'s bell ann\nc+ ! arrival & dep>ture ( tra9s4 ,y see ! ,scot* express pass along ! bridge & spe$ s\?w>d on ! w+s ( /eam4 ,b no al>m spreads along ! bord] n[4 ,nor?umbrian beeves are safe4 ,*evy-,*ase & ,ott]burn are quiet %eep-pa/ures4 ,! only m5 at arms on ! battlem5ts ( ,alnwick ,ca/le are ( /one4 ,bambor\gh ,ca/le has become an asylum = %ipwreck$ m>9]s1 & ! ,norman ,keep at ,newca/le has be5 conv]t$ into a ,museum ( ,antiquities4 ,! railway has inde$ consummat$ ! ,union4 ,,*apt] ,,xvii4 ,,rob]t ,,/eph5son',s ,,tubul> ,,bridges ,,at ,,m5ai ,,& ,,conway4 ,we h n[ to describe briefly ano!r great und]tak+1 begun by ,george ,/eph5son1 & tak5 up & complet$ by 8 son1 9 ! c\rse ( :i* ! latt] c>ri$ out "s ( 8 greate/ works--we mean ! ,*e/] & ,holyhead ,railway1 complet+ ! railway connection ) ,dubl91 z ! ,newca/le & ,b]wick l9e complet$ ! connection ) ,ed9burgh4 ,x w ?us be se5 h[ closely ,tel=d 0 foll[$ by ! ,/eph5sons 9 p]fect+ ! highways ( _! respective epo*s2 ! =m] by means ( turnpike-roads1 & ! latt] by means ( railways4 ,george ,/eph5son survey$ a l9e f ,*e/] to ,holyhead 9 #ahch1 & at ! same "t report$ on ! l9e ?r\gh ,nor? ,wales to ,port ,dynlla51 propos$ by ! ,iri% ,railway ,commission]s4 ,8 advice 0 /rongly 9 fav\r ( adopt+ ! l9e to ,holyhead1 z less co/ly & pres5t+ bett] gradi5ts4 ,a public meet+ 0 held at ,*e/]1 9 ,janu>y1 #ahci1 9 support ( ! latt] measure1 at :i* he 0 pres5t to give explanations4 ,mr4 ,uniacke1 ! ,mayor1 9 op5+ ! proce$+s1 said t ,mr4 ,/eph5son 0 pres5t1 ready to answ] any que/ions :i* might be put to him on ! subject2 & x 0 judici\sly rem>k$ t x w\ld be bett] t he %\ld be ask$ que/ions ?an requir$ to make a spee*2 =1 ?\gh a v good eng9e]1 he 0 a bad speak]4 ,"o ( ! que/ions !n put to ,mr4 ,/eph5son relat$ to ! mode by :i* he propos$ to haul ! pass5g] c>riages ov] ! ,m5ai ,susp5sion ,bridge by horse p[]2 & he 0 ask$ :e!r he knew ! pressure ! bridge 0 capable ( su/a9+4 ,8 answ] 01 t he _h n yet made any calculations2 b he propos$ gett+ data :i* w\ld enable him to arrive at an accurate calculation ( ! actual /ra9 ^u ! bridge dur+ ! late gale4 ,he _h1 h[ev]1 no hesitation 9 say+ t x 0 m ?an tw5ty times z mu* z ! /ra9 ( a tra9 ( c>riages & a locomotive eng9e4 ,! only reason :y he propos$ to convey ! c>riages ov] by horses1 0 9 ord] t he might1 by di/ribut+ ! weight1 n increase ! wavy motion4 ,all ! tra9 w\ld be on at once2 b di/ribut$4 ,?is he ?\ght bett] ?an pass+ !m1 l9k$ toge!r1 by a locomotive eng9e4 ,x w ?us be obs]v$ t ! practicability ( ?r[+ a rigid railway bridge across ! ,/raits _h n yet be5 contemplat$4 ,! ,dubl9 ,*amb] ( ,comm]ce pass$ resolutions 9 fav\r ( ,/eph5son's l9e1 aft] he>+ 8 explanation ( its ess5tial features4 ,! project1 aft] und]go+ mu* discussion1 0 at l5g? embodi$ 9 an ,act pass$ 9 #ahdd2 & ! "w 0 br\ght to a successful completion by 8 son1 ) sev]al important modifications1 includ+ ! gr& orig9al feature ( ! tubul> bridges across ! ,m5ai ,/raits & ! e/u>y ( ! ,conway4 ,except+ ^! great works1 ! con/ruction ( ?is l9e pres5t$ no unusual features2 ?\gh ! rem>kable t]race cut = ! accommodation ( ! railway "u ! /eep slope ( ,p5ma5 ,mawr is wor?y ( a pass+ notice4 ,ab\t midway betwe5 ,conway & ,bangor1 ,p5ma5 ,mawr =ms a bold & almo/ precipit\s headl&1 at ! base ( :i*1 9 r\gh wea!r1 ! ocean da%es ) great fury4 ,!re 0 n space en\gh betwe5 ! m\nta9 & ! /r& = ! passage ( ! railway2 h5ce 9 "s places ! rock _h to be bla/$ to =m a t]race1 & 9 o!rs sea-walls _h to be built up to ! prop] level1 on :i* to =m an embankm5t ( suffici5t wid? to enable ! road to be laid4 ,picture3 ,p5ma5 ,mawr4 7,by ,p]cival ,skelton47 ,a tunnel #aj4e *a9s 9 l5g? 0 cut ?r\gh ! headl& itself2 & on its ea/ & we/ sides ! l9e 0 =m$ by a t]race cut out ( ! cliff1 & by embankm5ts protect$ by sea walls2 ! t]race be+ ?ree times int]rupt$ by embankm5ts 9 its c\rse ( ab\t #a4be mile4 ,! road lies s close "u ! /eep m\nta9 face1 t x 0 ev5 f\nd necess>y at c]ta9 places to protect x aga9/ possible accid5ts f fall+ /ones1 by means ( a cov]$ way4 ,! t]race on ! ea/ side ( ! headl& 01 h[ev]1 9 "s measure protect$ aga9/ ! roll ( ! sea by ! mass ( /one run out f ! tunnel1 & =m+ a deep %+le bank 9 front ( ! wall4 ,! "p ( ! "w :i* lies on ! we/w>d ( ! headl& p5etrat$ by ! tunnel1 0 expos$ to ! full =ce ( ! sea2 & ! =mation ( ! road at t po9t 0 att5d$ ) great difficulty4 ,:ile ! sea wall 0 /ill 9 progress1 its /r5g? 0 sev]ely tri$ by a /rong nor?-we/]ly gale1 :i* blew 9 ,octob]1 #ahdf1 ) a spr+ tide ( #ag feet4 ,on ! foll[+ morn+ x 0 f\nd t a l>ge portion ( ! rubble 0 irrep>ably injur$1 & #bjj y>ds ( ! wall 7 !n replac$ by an op5 viaduct1 ) ! pi]s plac$ edgeways to ! sea1 ! op5+s betwe5 !m be+ spann$ by t5 ca/-iron gird]s ea* #db feet long4 ,?is accid5t induc$ ! eng9e] to alt] ! cont\r ( ! sea wall1 s t x %\ld pres5t a dim9i%$ resi/ance to ! =ce ( ! waves4 ,b ! sea repeat$ its assaults1 & made fur!r havoc ) ! "w2 entail+ heavy exp5ses & a complete reorganisation ( ! contract4 ,increas$ solidity 0 !n giv5 to ! masonry1 & ! face ( ! wall und]w5t fur!r *ange4 ,at "s po9ts outworks 7 con/ruct$1 & piles 7 driv5 into ! bea* ab\t #ae feet f ! base ( ! wall1 = ! purpose ( protect+ its f\ndations & break+ ! =ce ( ! waves4 ,! "w 0 at l5g? f9i%$ aft] ab\t ?ree ye>s' anxi\s lab\r2 b ,mr4 ,/eph5son confess$ t if a long tunnel _h be5 made 9 ! fir/ in/ance ?r\gh ! solid rock ( ,p5ma5 ,mawr1 a sav+ ( f #be1jjj to #cj1jjj p\nds w\ld h be5 effect$4 ,he also said he _h arriv$ at ! conclusion t 9 railway works eng9e]s %\ld endeav\r z f> z possible to avoid ! necessity ( cont5d+ ) ! sea2 #cbd b if he 7 ev] aga9 compell$ to g )9 its rea*1 he w\ld adopt1 in/ead ( reta9+ walls1 an op5 viaduct1 plac+ all ! pi]s edgeways to ! =ce ( ! sea1 & all[+ ! waves to break ^u a natural slope ( bea*4 ,he 0 ready en\gh to admit ! errors he _h committ$ 9 ! orig9al design ( ?is "w2 b he said he _h always ga9$ m in=mation f /udy+ ! causes ( failures & endeav\r+ to surm\nt !m ?an he _h done f easily-won successes4 ,:il/ _m ( ! latt] _h be5 =gott51 ! =m] 7 indelibly fix$ 9 8 memory4 ,b by f> ! greate/ difficulty :i* ,rob]t ,/eph5son _h to enc\nt] 9 execut+ ?is railway1 0 9 c>ry+ x across ! ,/raits ( ,m5ai & ! e/u>y ( ! ,conway1 :]e1 l 8 pr$ecessor ,tel=d :5 =m+ 8 high road ?r\gh ,nor? ,wales1 he 0 "u ! necessity ( resort+ to new & altoge!r untri$ me?ods ( bridge con/ruction4 ,at ,m5ai ! wat]s ( ! ,iri% ,sea are p]petually vibrat+ along ! precipit\s %ores ( ! /rait2 ris+ & fall+ f #bj to #be feet at ea* successive tide2 ! wid? & dep? ( ! *annel be+ su* z to r5d] x available = navigation by ! l>ge/ %ips4 ,! problem 01 to ?r[ a bridge across ?is wide *asm--a bridge ( unusual span & dim5sions--( su* /r5g? z to be capable ( be>+ ! heavie/ loads at high spe$s1 & at su* a uni=m height ?r\gh\t z n 9 any way to int]f]e ) ! navigation ( ! ,/rait4 ,f an e>ly p]iod1 ,mr4 ,/eph5son _h fix$ ^u ! spot :]e ! ,britannia ,rock occurs1 ne>ly 9 ! middle ( ! *annel1 z ! mo/ eligible po9t = cross+2 ! wat]-wid? f %ore to %ore at high wat] !re be+ ab\t #aajj feet4 ,8 fir/ idea 0 to con/ruct ! bridge ( two ca/-iron ar*es1 ea* ( #cej feet span4 ,!re 0 no novelty 9 ?is idea2 =1 z e>ly z ! ye> #ahja1 ,mr4 ,r5nie prep>$ a design ( a ca/-iron bridge across ! ,/rait at ! ,swilly rocks1 ! great c5tre ar* ( :i* 0 to be #dej feet span2 & at a lat] p]iod1 9 #ahaj1 ,tel=d submitt$ a design ( a simil> bridge at ,inys-y-,mo*1 ) a s+le ca/-iron ar* ( #ejj feet4 ,b ! same objections :i* l$ to ! rejection ( ,r5nie's & ,tel=d's designs1 prov$ fatal to ,rob]t ,/eph5son's1 & 8 iron-ar*$ railway bridge 0 reject$ by ! ,admiralty4 ,! navigation ( ! ,/rait 0 "u no circum/ances to be int]f]$ )2 & ev5 ! erection ( scaffold+ f bel[1 to support ! bridge dur+ con/ruction1 0 n to be p]mitt$4 ,! idea ( a susp5sion bridge 0 dismiss$ z inapplicable2 a degree ( rigidity & /r5g?1 great] ?an c\ld be secur$ by any bridge con/ruct$ on ! pr9ciple ( susp5sion1 be+ consid]$ an indisp5sable condition ( ! propos$ /ructure4 ,picture3 ,britannia ,bridge ,v>i\s o!r plans 7 sugge/$2 b ! :ole "q rema9$ unsettl$ ev5 d[n to ! "t :5 ! ,company w5t be=e ,p>liam5t1 9 #ahdd1 = p[] to con/ruct ! propos$ bridges4 ,no exi/+ k9d ( /ructure seem$ to be capable ( be>+ ! fe>ful ext5sion to :i* rigid bridges ( ! necess>y spans w\ld be subject$2 & "s new exp$i5t ( eng9e]+ !re=e became necess>y4 ,mr4 ,/eph5son 0 !n l$ to reconsid] a design :i* he _h made 9 #ahda = a road bridge ov] ! riv] ,lea at ,w>e1 ) a span ( #ej feet1--! conditions only admitt+ ( a plat=m #ah or #bj in*es ?ick4 ,= ?is purpose a wr\ght-iron plat=m 0 design$1 consi/+ ( a s]ies ( simple cells1 =m$ ( boil]-plates rivet$ toge!r ) angle-iron4 ,! bridge 0 n1 h[ev]1 c>ri$ out aft] ?is design1 b 0 made ( sep>ate wr\ght-iron gird]s compos$ ( rivet$ plates4 ,recurr+ to 8 fir/ idea ( ?is bridge1 ,mr4 ,/eph5son ?\ght t a /iff plat=m might be con/ruct$1 ) sides ( /rongly truss$ frame-"w ( wr\ght-iron1 brac$ toge!r at top & bottom ) plates ( l mat]ial rivet$ toge!r ) angle-iron2 & t su* plat=m might be susp5d$ by /rong *a9s on ei!r side to give x increas$ security4 ,x 0 n[1 says ,mr4 ,/eph5son1 t ,i came to reg>d ! tubul> plat=m z a beam1 & t ! *a9s %\ld be look$ ^u z auxili>ies4 ,x appe>$1 nev]!less1 t )\t a sy/em ( diagonal /ruts inside1 :i* ( c\rse w\ld h prev5t$ ! passage ( tra9s ?r\gh x1 ?is k9d ( /ructure 0 ill-suit$ = ma9ta9+ its =m1 & w\ld be v liable to become loz5ge-%ap$4 ,besides1 ! rectangul> figure 0 deem$ objectionable1 f ! l>ge surface :i* x pres5t$ to ! w9d4 ,x !n occurr$ to him t circul> or elliptical tubes might bett] answ] ! int5d$ purpose2 & 9 ,m>*1 #ahde1 he gave in/ructions to two ( 8 assi/ants to prep>e draw+s ( su* a /ructure1 ! tubes be+ made ) a d\ble ?ickness ( plate at top & bottom4 ,! results ( ! calculations made z to ! /r5g? ( su* a tube1 7 consid]$ s satisfactory1 t ,mr4 ,/eph5son says he det]m9$ to fall back on a bridge ( ?is description1 on ! rejection ( 8 design ( ! two ca/-iron ar*es by ! ,p>liam5t>y ,committee4 ,inde$1 x became evid5t t a tubul> wr\ght-iron beam 0 ! only /ructure :i* comb9$ ! necess>y /r5g? & /ability = a railway1 ) ! conditions deem$ ess5tial = ! protection ( ! navigation4 ,i /ood1 says ,mr4 ,/eph5son1 on ! v]ge ( a responsibility f :i*1 ,i confess1 ,i _h ne>ly %runk4 ,! con/ruction ( a tubul> beam ( su* gigantic dim5sions1 on a plat=m elevat$ & support$ by *a9s at su* a height1 did at fir/ pres5t itself z a difficulty ( a v =midable nature4 ,reflection1 h[ev]1 satisfi$ me t ! pr9ciples ^u :i* ! idea 0 f\nd$ 7 no?+ m ?an an ext5sion ( ^? daily 9 use 9 ! pr(ession ( ! eng9e]4 ,! me?od1 moreov]1 ( calculat+ ! /r5g? ( ! /ructure :i* ,i _h adopt$1 0 ( ! simple/ & mo/ elem5t>y "*2 & :atev] might be ! =m ( ! tube1 ! pr9ciple on :i* ! calculations 7 f\nd$ 0 equally applicable1 & c\ld n fail to lead to equally accurate results4 #cbg ,mr4 ,/eph5son accord+ly ann\nc$ to ! directors ( ! railway t he 0 prep>$ to c>ry out a bridge ( ?is g5]al description1 & !y adopt$ 8 views1 ?\gh n )\t consid]able misgiv+s4 ,:ile ! eng9e]'s m9d 0 /ill occupi$ ) ! subject1 an accid5t occurr$ to ! ,pr9ce ( ,wales iron /eam%ip1 at ,blackwall1 :i* s+ul>ly corroborat$ 8 views z to ! /r5g? ( wr\ght-iron beams ( l>ge dim5sions4 ,:5 ?is vessel 0 be+ laun*$1 ! cleet on ! b[ gave way1 9 consequ5ce ( ! bolts break+1 & let ! vessel d[n s t ! bilge came 9 contact ) ! :>f1 & %e rema9$ susp5d$ betwe5 ! wat] & ! :>f = a l5g? ( ab\t #aaj feet1 b )\t any injury to ! plates ( ! %ip2 satisfactorily prov+ ! great /r5g? ( ?is =m ( con/ruction4 ,?us1 ,mr4 ,/eph5son became gradually confirm$ 9 8 op9ion t ! mo/ feasible me?od ( bridg+ ! /rait at ,m5ai & ! riv] at ,conway 0 by means ( a holl[ beam ( wr\ght-iron4 ,z ! "t 0 approa*+ = giv+ evid5ce be=e ,p>liam5t on ! subject1 x 0 necess>y = him to settle "s def9ite plan = submission to ! committee4 ,my late rev]$ fa!r1 says he1 hav+ always tak5 a deep int]e/ 9 ! v>i\s proposals :i* _h be5 consid]$ = c>ry+ a railway across ! ,m5ai ,/raits1 reque/$ me to expla9 fully to him ! views :i* l$ me to sugge/ ! use ( a tube1 & also ! nature ( ! calculations ,i _h made 9 ref]5ce to x4 ,x 0 dur+ ?is p]sonal conf]5ce t ,mr4 ,william ,fairbairn accid5tally call$ ^u me1 to :om ,i also expla9$ ! pr9ciples ( ! /ructure ,i _h propos$4 ,he at once acquiesc$ 9 _! tru?1 & express$ confid5ce 9 ! feasibility ( my project1 giv+ me at ! same "t "s facts relative to ! rem>kable /r5g? ( iron /eam%ips1 & invit$ me to 8 works at ,millwall1 to exam9e ! con/ruction ( an iron /eam%ip :i* 0 !n 9 progress4 ,! date ( ?is consultation 0 e>ly 9 ,april1 #ahde1 & ,mr4 ,fairbairn /ates t1 on t occasion1 ,mr4 ,/eph5son ask$ :e!r su* a design 0 practicable1 & :e!r ,i c\ld accompli% x3 & x 0 ultimately arrang$ t ! subject %\ld be inve/igat$ exp]im5tally1 to det]m9e n only ! value ( ,mr4 ,/eph5son's orig9al conception 7( a circul> or egg-%ap$ wr\ght-iron tube1 support$ by *a9s71 b t ( any o!r tubul> =m ( bridge :i* might pres5t itself 9 ! prosecution ( my rese>*es4 ,! matt] 0 plac$ unres]v$ly 9 my h&s2 ! entire conduct ( ! inve/igation 0 entru/$ to me2 &1 z an exp]im5t]1 ,i 0 to be left free to ex]cise my own discretion 9 ! inve/igation ( :atev] =ms or conditions ( ! /ructure might appe> to me be/ calculat$ to secure a safe passage across ! ,/raits4 #cbi;a ,mr4 ,fairbairn !n proce$$ to con/ruct a numb] ( exp]im5tal models = ! purpose ( te/+ ! /r5g? ( tubes ( diff]5t =ms4 ,! %ort p]iod :i* elaps$1 h[ev]1 be=e ! bill 0 9 committee1 did n admit ( mu* progress be+ made ) ^? exp]im5ts2 b f ! evid5ce 9 *ief giv5 by ,mr4 ,/eph5son on ! subject1 on ! #e? ,may foll[+1 x appe>s t ! idea :i* prevail$ 9 8 m9d 0 t ( a bridge ) op5+s ( #dej feet 7aft]w>ds increas$ to #dfj feet72 ) a roadway =m$ ( a holl[ wr\ght-iron beam1 ab\t #be feet 9 diamet]1 pres5t+ a rigid plat=m1 susp5d$ by *a9s4 ,at ! same "t1 he express$ ! confid5t op9ion t a tube ( wr\ght iron w\ld possess suffici5t /r5g? & rigidity to support a railway tra9 runn+ inside ( x )\t ! help ( ! *a9s4 ,:ile ! bill 0 /ill 9 progress1 ,mr4 ,fairbairn proce$$ ) 8 exp]im5ts4 ,he fir/ te/$ tubes ( a cyl9drical =m1 9 consequ5ce ( ! fav\rable op9ion ent]ta9$ by ,mr4 ,/eph5son ( ! tubes 9 t %ape1 ext5d+ !m subsequ5tly to ^? ( an elliptical =m4 #cbi;b ,he f\nd tubes ?us %ap$ m or less defective1 & proce$$ to te/ ^? ( a rectangul> k9d4 ,aft] ! bill _h receiv$ ! royal ass5t on ! #cj? ,june1 #ahde1 ! directors ( ! company1 ) great lib]ality1 vot$ a sum = ! purpose ( enabl+ ! exp]im5ts to be prosecut$1 & upw>ds ( #fjjj p\nds 7 ?us exp5d$ to make ! assurance ( _! eng9e] d\bly sure4 ,mr4 ,fairbairn's te/s 7 ( ! mo/ elaborate & ev5tually conclusive "*1 br++ to light _m new & important facts ( great practical value4 ,! due proportions & ?icknesses ( ! top1 bottom1 & sides ( ! tubes 7 arriv$ at aft] a va/ numb] ( trials2 "o ( ! results ( ! exp]im5ts be+ ! adoption ( ,mr4 ,fairbairn's inv5tion ( rectangul> holl[ cells 9 ! top ( ! beam = ! purpose ( giv+ x ! requisite degree ( /r5g?4 ,ab\t ! end ( ,augu/ x 0 ?\ght desirable to obta9 ! assi/ance ( a ma!matician1 :o %\ld prep>e a =mula by :i* ! /r5g? ( a full-siz$ tube might be calculat$ f ! results ( ! exp]im5ts made ) tubes ( small] dim5sions4 ,pr(essor ,hodgk9son 0 accord+ly call$ 91 & he proce$$ to v]ify & confirm ! exp]im5ts :i* ,mr4 ,fairbairn _h made1 & aft]w>ds r$uc$ !m to ! requir$ =mula4 ,mr4 ,/eph5son's "t 0 s mu* engross$ ) 8 ext5sive eng9e]+ bus9ess t he 0 9 a great measure preclud$ f devot+ himself to ! consid]ation ( ! practical details4 ,! results ( ! exp]im5ts 7 communicat$ to him f "t to "t1 & 7 reg>d$ by him z exce$+ly satisfactory4 ,x w\ld appe>1 h[ev]1 t :ile ,mr4 ,fairbairn urg$ ! rigidity & /r5g? ( ! tubes )\t ! aid ( *a9s1 ,mr4 ,/eph5son _h n q made up 8 m9d ^u ! po9t4 ,mr4 ,hodgk9son1 also1 0 /rongly incl9$ to reta9 !m4 ,mr4 ,fairbairn held t x 0 q practicable to make ! tubes suffici5tly /rong to su/a9 n only _! own weight1 b1 9 addition to t load1 #bjjj tons equally di/ribut$ ov] ! surface ( ! plat=m1--a load t5 times great] ?an !y w ev] be call$ ^u to support4 ,x 0 ?or\ghly *>act]i/ic ( ,mr4 ,/eph5son1 & ( ! caution ) :i* he proce$$ 9 e /ep ( ?is great und]tak+--prob+ e in* ( ! gr\nd be=e he set d[n 8 foot ^u x--t he %\ld1 e>ly 9 #ahef1 7sic7 h appo9t$ 8 able assi/ant1 ,mr4 ,edw9 ,cl>k1 to scrut9ise c>efully ! results ( e exp]im5t1 & subject !m to a sep>ate & indep5d5t analysis be=e f9ally decid+ ^u ! =m or dim5sions ( ! /ructure1 or ^u any mode ( proc$ure connect$ ) x4 ,at l5g? ,mr4 ,/eph5son became satisfi$ t ! use ( auxili>y *a9s 0 unnecess>y1 & t ! tubul> bridge might be made ( su* /r5g? z to be entirely self-support+4 ,:ile ^! important discussions 7 9 progress1 measures 7 tak5 to proce$ ) ! masonry ( ! bridges simultane\sly at ,conway & ! ,m5ai ,/raits4 ,! f\ndation-/one ( ! ,britannia ,bridge 0 laid on ! #aj? ,april1 #ahdf2 & on ! #ab? ,may foll[+ t ( ! ,conway ,bridge 0 laid4 ,suitable plat=ms & work%ops 7 also erect$ = proce$+ ) ! pun*+1 fitt+1 & rivet+ ( ! tubes2 & :5 ^! op]ations 7 9 full progress1 ! neighb\rhood ( ! ,conway & ,britannia ,bridges pres5t$ sc5es ( extraord9>y bu/le & indu/ry4 ,ab\t #aejj m5 7 employ$ on ! ,britannia ,bridge alone1 & !y mo/ly liv$ ^u ! gr\nd 9 wood5 cottages erect$ = ! occasion4 ,! iron plates 7 br\ght 9 %ip-loads f ,liv]pool1 ,anglesey m>ble f ,p5mon1 & r$ s&/one f ,runcorn1 9 ,*e%ire1 z w9d & tide1 & %ipp+ & conv5i5ce1 might det]m9e4 ,!re 0 an unremitt+ clank ( hamm]s1 gr9d+ ( ma*9]y1 & bla/+ ( rock1 go+ on f morn+ till night4 ,9 fitt+ ! ,britannia tubes toge!r1 n less ?an #b1jjj1jjj ( bolts 7 rivet$1 weigh+ "s #ijj tons4 ,! ,britannia ,bridge consi/s ( two indep5d5t cont9u\s tubul> beams1 ea* #aeaa feet 9 l5g?1 & ea* weigh+ #dfhj tons1 indep5d5t ( ! ca/-iron frames ins]t$ at _! be>+s on ! masonry ( ! t[]s4 ,^! imm5se beams are support$ at five places1 namely1 on ! abutm5ts & on ?ree t[]s1 ! c5tral ( :i* is kn[n z ! ,great ,britannia ,t[]1 #bcj feet high1 built on a rock 9 ! middle ( ! ,/rait4 ,! side t[]s are #ah feet less 9 height ?an ! c5tral "o1 & ! abutm5t #ce feet l[] ?an ! side t[]s4 ,! design ( ! masonry is su* z to accord ) ! =m ( ! tubes1 be+ some:at ( an ,egyptian "*1 massive & gigantic r ?an beautiful1 b be>+ ! unmi/akable impress ( p[]4 ,! bridge has f\r spans1--two ( #dfj feet ov] ! wat]1 & two ( #bcj feet ov] ! l&4 ,! weight ( ! l>g] spans1 at ! po9ts :]e ! tubes repose on ! masonry1 is n less ?an #aehg tons4 ,on ! c5tre t[] ! tubes re/ solid2 b on ! l& t[]s & abutm5ts !y lie on roll]-b$s1 s z to all[ ( expansion & contraction4 ,! road )9 ea* tube is #ae feet wide1 & ! height v>ies f #bc feet at ! ends to #cj feet at ! c5tre4 ,to give an idea ( ! va/ size ( ! tubes by comp>ison ) o!r /ructures1 x may be m5tion$ t ea* l5g? con/itut+ ! ma9 spans is twice z long z ,london ,monum5t is high2 & if x c\ld be set on end 9 ,/4 ,paul's ,*ur*y>d1 x w\ld rea* ne>ly #ajj feet above ! cross4 ,! ,conway ,bridge is1 9 mo/ respects1 simil> to ! ,britannia1 consi/+ ( two tubes1 ( #djj feet span1 plac$ side by side1 ea* weigh+ #aahj tons4 ,! pr9ciple adopt$ 9 ! con/ruction ( ! tubes1 & ! mode ( float+ & rais+ !m1 7 ne>ly ! same z at ! ,britannia ,bridge1 ?\gh ! g5]al arrangem5t ( ! plates is 9 _m respects diff]5t4 ,x 0 det]m9$ to con/ruct ! %ort] out] tubes ( ! ,britannia ,bridge on scaffold+s 9 ! positions 9 :i* !y 7 p]man5tly to rema91 & to erect ! l>g] tubes ^u wood5 plat=ms at high-wat]-m>k on ! ,ca]n>von %ore1 f :5ce !y 7 to be float$ 9 pontoons4 ,! float+ ( ! tubes on pontoons1 f ! places :]e !y _h be5 con/ruct$1 to ! recesses 9 ! masonry ( ! t[]s1 up :i* !y 7 to be hoi/$ to ! positions !y 7 p]man5tly to occupy1 0 an anxi\s & excit+ op]ation4 ,! fir/ "p ( ?is process 0 p]=m$ at ,conway1 :]e ,mr4 ,/eph5son direct$ x 9 p]son1 assi/$ by ,capta9 ,claxton1 ,mr4 ,brunel1 & o!r eng9e]+ fri5ds4 ,on ! #f? ,m>*1 #ahdh1 ! pontoons be>+ ! fir/ great tube ( ! up-l9e 7 float$ r\nd quietly & maje/ically into _! place betwe5 ! t[]s 9 ab\t tw5ty m9utes4 ,un=tunately1 "o ( ! sets ( pontoons _h become slightly slu$ by ! /ream1 by :i* ! ,conway end ( ! tube 0 prev5t$ f be+ br\ght home2 & five anxi\s days to all conc]n$ int]v5$ be=e x c\ld be set 9 its place4 ,9 ! mean "t1 ! presses & rais+ ma*9]y _h be5 fitt$ 9 ! t[]s above1 & ! lift+ process 0 begun on ! #h? ,april1 :5 ! imm5se mass 0 rais$ #h feet1 at ! rate ( ab\t #b in*es a m9ute4 ,on ! #af?1 ! tube _h be5 rais$ & f9ally l[]$ into its p]man5t b$2 ! rails 7 laid along x2 &1 on ! #ah?1 ,mr4 ,/eph5son pass$ ?r\gh ) ! fir/ locomotive4 ,! second tube 0 proce$$ ) on ! removal ( ! fir/ f ! plat=m1 & 0 complet$ & float$ 9 sev5 mon?s4 ,! rapidity ) :i* ?is second tube 0 con/ruct$ 0 9 no small degree ow+ to ! ,jacqu>d pun*+-ma*9e1 contriv$ = ! purpose by ,mr4 ,rob]ts ( ,man*e/]4 ,?is tube 0 f9ally fix$ 9 its p]man5t b$ on ! #bnd ( ,janu>y1 #ahdi4 ,picture3 ,conway ,tubul> ,bridge ,! float+ & fix+ ( ! great ,britannia tubes 0 a /ill m =midable ent]prise1 ?\gh ! exp]i5ce ga9$ at ,conway r5d]$ x easy comp>$ ) :at x o!rwise w\ld h be54 ,mr4 ,/eph5son sup]9t5d$ ! op]ation ( float+ ! fir/ 9 p]son1 giv+ ! arrang$ signals f ! top ( ! tube on :i* he 0 m\nt$1 ! active "p ( ! bus9ess be+ p]=m$ by a num]\s corps ( sailors1 "u ! imm$iate direction ( ,capta9 ,claxton4 ,?\s&s ( spectators l9$ ! %ores ( ! ,/rait on ! ev5+ ( ! #ai? ,june1 #ahdi4 ,on ! l& atta*m5ts be+ cut1 ! pontoons began to float (f2 b "o ( ! cap/ans hav+ giv5 way f excessive /ra91 ! tube 0 br\ght home aga9 = ! night4 ,by next morn+ ! defective cap/an 0 re/or$1 & all 0 9 read9ess = ano!r trial4 ,at half-pa/ sev5 9 ! ev5+ ! tube 0 afloat1 & ! pontoons swung out into ! curr5t l a mon/] p5dulum1 held /eady by ! %ore guide-l9es1 b increas+ 9 spe$ to almo/ a fe>ful ext5t z !y ne>$ _! de/9$ place betwe5 ! pi]s4 ,! success ( ?is op]ation1 says ,mr4 ,cl>k1 dep5d$ ma9ly on prop]ly /rik+ ! 'butt' b5ea? ! ,anglesey t[]1 on :i*1 z ^u a c5tre1 ! tube 0 to be ve]$ r\nd into its position across ! op5+4 ,?is position 0 det]m9$ by a #ab-;in* l9e1 :i* 0 to be paid out to a fix$ m>k f ! ,llanfair cap/an4 ,! coils ( ! rope un=tunately ov]-rode ea* o!r ^u ?is cap/an1 s t x c\ld n be paid out4 ,9 resi/+ ! motion ( ! tube1 ! cap/an 0 bodily dragg$ out ( ! plat=m by ! action ( ! palls1 & ! tube 0 9 imm95t dang] ( be+ c>ri$ away by ! /ream1 or ! pontoons cru%$ ^u ! rocks4 ,! m5 at ! cap/an 7 all knock$ d[n1 & "s ( !m ?r[n into ! wat]1 ?\gh !y made e ex]tion to arre/ ! motion ( ! cap/an-b>s4 ,9 ?is dilemma ,mr4 ,rolfe1 :o _h *>ge ( ! cap/an1 ) great pres5ce ( m9d1 call$ ! visitors on %ore to 8 assi/ance2 & h&+ out ! sp>e coil ( ! #ab-;in* l9e into ! field at ! back ( ! cap/an1 x 0 c>ri$ ) great rapidity up ! field1 & a cr[d ( p1 m51 wom51 & *ildr51 hold+ on to ?is huge cable1 arre/+ ! progress ( ! tube1 :i* 0 at l5g? br\ght safely aga9/ ! butt & ve]$ r\nd4 ,! ,britannia end 0 !n drawn into ! recess ( ! masonry by a *a9 pass+ ?r\gh ! t[] to a crab on ! f> side4 ,! viol5ce ( ! tide abat$1 ?\gh ! w9d increas$1 & ! ,anglesey end 0 drawn into its place b5ea? ! corbell+ 9 ! masonry2 & z ! tide w5t d[n1 ! pontoons deposit$ _! valuable c>go on ! welcome %elf at ea* end4 ,! successful issue 0 greet$ by cannon f ! %ore & ! he>ty *e]s ( _m ?\s&s ( spectators1 ^: sympa?y & anxiety 7 b too cle>ly indicat$ by ! unbrok5 sil5ce ) :i* ! :ole op]ation _h be5 accompani$4 #cce ,by midnight all ! pontoons _h be5 got cle> ( ! tube1 :i* n[ hung susp5d$ ov] ! wat]s ( ! ,/rait by its two ends1 :i* re/$ ^u ! edges cut 9 ! rock = ! purpose at ! base ( ! ,britannia & ,anglesey t[]s respectively1 up :i* ! tube _h n[ to be lift$ by hydraulic p[] to its p]man5t place ne> ! summit4 ,! accuracy ) :i* ! gigantic beam _h be5 con/ruct$ may be inf]r$ f ! fact t1 aft] pass+ into its place1 a cle> space rema9$ betwe5 ! iron plat+ & ! rock outside ( x ( only ab\t ?ree-qu>t]s ( an in*6 ,mr4 ,/eph5son's anxiety 01 ( c\rse1 v great up to ! "t ( p]=m+ ?is try+ op]ation4 ,:5 he _h got ! fir/ tube float$ at ,conway1 & saw all safe1 he said to ,capta9 ,moorsom1 ,n[ ,i %all g to b$4 ,b ! ,britannia ,bridge 0 a /ill m difficult ent]prise1 & co/ him _m a sleepless night4 ,aft]w>ds describ+ 8 feel+s to 8 fri5d ,mr4 ,goo*1 he said3 ,x 0 a mo/ anxi\s & h>ass+ "t ) me4 ,(t5 at night ,i w\ld lie toss+ ab\t1 seek+ sleep 9 va94 ,! tubes fill$ my head4 ,i w5t to b$ ) !m & got up ) !m4 ,9 ! grey ( ! morn+1 :5 ,i look$ across ! ,squ>e1 #ccf x seem$ an imm5se di/ance across to ! h\ses on ! opposite side4 ,x 0 ne>ly ! same l5g? z ! span ( my tubul> bridge6 ,:5 ! fir/ tube _h be5 float$1 a fri5d obs]v$ to him1 ,?is great "w has made y t5 ye>s old]4 ,i h n slept s\nd1 he repli$1 = ?ree weeks4 ,sir ,f4 ,head1 h[ev] relates1 t :5 he revisit$ ! spot on ! foll[+ morn+1 he obs]v$1 sitt+ on a plat=m ov]look+ ! susp5d$ tube1 a g5tleman1 recl9+ entirely by himself1 smok+ a cig>1 & gaz+1 z if indol5tly1 at ! a]ial gall]y b5ea? him4 ,x 0 ! eng9e] himself1 contemplat+ 8 new born *ild4 ,he _h /roll$ d[n f ! neighb\r+ village1 aft] 8 fir/ s\nd & refre%+ sleep = weeks1 to behold 9 sun%9e & solitude1 t :i* dur+ a we>y p]iod ( ge/ation _h be5 ei!r my/]i\sly mov+ 9 8 bra91 or1 l a vision--sometimes ( good om51 & sometimes ( evil--_h1 by night z well z by day1 be5 flitt+ across 8 m9d4 ,! next process 0 ! lift+ ( ! tube into its place1 :i* 0 p]=m$ v delib]ately & cauti\sly4 ,x 0 rais$ by p[]ful hydraulic presses1 only a few feet at a "t1 & c>efully "u-built1 be=e be+ rais$ to a f>!r height4 ,:5 x _h be5 got up by successive /ages ( ?is k9d to ab\t #bd feet1 an extraord9>y accid5t occurr$1 dur+ ,mr4 ,/eph5son's abs5ce 9 ,london1 :i* he aft]w>ds describ$ to ! au?or 9 z ne>ly z possible ! foll[+ words3--,9 a "w ( su* novelty & magnitude1 y may readily imag9e h[ anxi\s ,i 0 t e possible cont+5cy %\ld be provid$ =4 ,:]e "o *a9 or rope 0 requir$1 ,i provid$ two4 ,i 0 n satisfi$ ) 'en\gh3' ,i mu/ h absolute security1 z f> z t 0 possible4 ,i knew ! consequ5ces ( failure w\ld be mo/ disa/r\s to ! ,company1 & t ! wise/ economy 0 to provide = all cont+5cies at :atev] co/4 ,:5 ! fir/ tube at ! ,britannia _h be5 successfully float$ betwe5 ! pi]s1 ready = be+ rais$1 my "y eng9e]s 7 v mu* elat$2 & :5 ! hoi/+ app>atus _h be5 fix$1 !y wrote to me say+1--',we are n[ all ready = rais+ h]3 we c\ld d x 9 a day1 or 9 two at ! mo/4 ,b my reply 01 ',no3 y mu/ only raise ! tube in* by in*1 & y mu/ build up "u x z y rise4 ,e in* mu/ be made good4 ,no?+ mu/ be left to *ance or good luck4' ,& =tunate x 0 t ,i insi/$ ^u ?is cauti\s c\rse be+ pursu$2 =1 "o day1 :ile ! hydraulic presses 7 at "w1 ! bottom ( "o ( !m bur/ clean away6 ,! cros%ead & ! *a9s1 weigh+ m ?an #ej tons1 desc5d$ ) a fe>ful cra% ^u ! press1 & ! tube itself fell d[n ^u ! pack+ b5ea?4 ,?\gh ! fall ( ! tube 0 n m ?an n9e in*es1 x cru%$ solid ca/+s1 weigh+ tons1 z if !y _h be5 nuts4 ,! tube itself 0 slightly /ra9$ & deflect$1 ?\gh x /ill rema9$ suffici5tly s]viceable4 ,b x 0 a trem5d\s te/ to :i* x 0 put1 = a weight ( upw>ds ( #ejjj tons fall+ ev5 a few in*es mu/ be admitt$ to be a v s]i\s matt]4 ,t x /ood s well 0 extraord9>y4 ,cl>k imm$iately wrote me an acc\nt ( ! circum/ance1 9 :i* he said1 ',?ank ,god1 y h be5 s ob/9ate4 ,= if ?is accid5t _h occurr$ )\t a b$ = ! end ( ! tube to fall on1 ! :ole w\ld n[ h be5 ly+ across ! bottom ( ! ,/raits4' ,five ?\s& p\nds extra exp5se 0 caus$ by ?is accid5t1 slight ?\gh x might seem4 ,b c>eful provision 0 made aga9/ future failure2 a new & improv$ cyl9d] 0 provid$3 & ! "w 0 v soon advanc+ satisfactorily t[>ds completion4 ,:5 ! ,que5 fir/ visit$ ! ,britannia ,bridge1 on h] return f ! ,nor? 9 #aheb1 ,rob]t ,/eph5son accompani$ ,h] ,maje/y & ,pr9ce ,alb]t ov] ! works1 expla9+ ! pr9ciples on :i* ! bridge _h be5 built1 & ! difficulties :i* _h att5d$ its erection4 ,he conduct$ ! ,royal p>ty to ne> ! m>g9 ( ! sea1 &1 aft] describ+ to !m ! incid5t ( ! fall ( ! tube1 & ! reason ( its pres]vation1 he po9t$ ) p>donable pride to a pile ( /ones :i* ! workm5 _h !re rais$ to commemorate ! ev5t4 ,:ile ne>ly all ! o!r m>ks ( ! "w dur+ its progress _h be5 oblit]at$1 t cairn _h be5 left /&+ 9 commemoration ( ! caution & =esight ( _! *ief4 ,! float+ & rais+ ( ! rema9+ tubes ne$ n be describ$ 9 detail4 ,! second 0 float$ on ! #crd ,decemb]1 & set 9 its p]man5t place on ! #g? ,janu>y1 #ahej4 ,! o!rs 7 float$ & rais$ 9 due c\rse4 ,on ! #e? ,m>*1 ,mr4 ,/eph5son put ! la/ rivet 9 ! la/ tube1 & pass$ ?r\gh ! complet$ bridge1 accompani$ by ab\t a ?\s& p]sons1 drawn by ?ree locomotives4 ,! bridge 0 op5$ = public traffic on ! #ah? ,m>*4 ,! co/ ( ! :ole "w 0 #bcd1dej p\nds4 ,picture3 ,! ,britannia ,bridge4 7,by ,p]cival ,skelton7 ,! ,britannia ,bridge is "o ( ! mo/ rem>kable monum5ts ( ! ent]prise & skill ( ! pres5t c5tury4 ,rob]t ,/eph5son 0 ! ma/] _s ( ! und]tak+4 ,to him belongs ! m]it ( fir/ seiz+ ! ideal conception ( ! /ructure be/ adapt$ to meet ! necessities ( ! case2 & ( select+ ! be/ m5 to "w out 8 idea1 himself wat*+1 controll+1 & te/+ e result1 by indep5d5t *eck & c\nt]-*eck4 ,& f9ally1 he organis$ & direct$1 ?r\gh 8 assi/ants1 ! va/ b& ( skill$ workm5 & lab\r]s :o 7 = s _m ye>s occupi$ 9 c>ry+ 8 magnific5t orig9al conception to a successful practical issue4 ,z he himself said ( ! "w1--,! true & accurate calculation ( all ! conditions & elem5ts ess5tial to ! safety ( ! bridge _h be5 a s\rce n only ( m5tal b ( bodily toil2 includ+1 z x did1 a comb9ation ( ab/ract ?\ght & well-consid]$ exp]im5t adequate to ! magnitude ( ! project4 ,! ,britannia ,bridge 0 ! result ( a va/ comb9ation ( skill & indu/ry4 ,b = ! p]fection ( our tools & ! ability ( our me*anics to use !m to ! greate/ advantage2 b = ! matur$ p[]s ( ! /eam-eng9e2 b = ! improvem5ts 9 ! iron manufacture1 :i* enabl$ blooms to be puddl$ ( sizes be=e deem$ impracticable1 & plates & b>s ( imm5se size to be roll$ & =g$2 b = ^!1 ! ,britannia ,bridge w\ld h be5 design$ 9 va94 ,?us1 x 0 n ! product ( ! g5ius ( ! railway eng9e] alone1 b ( ! collective me*anical g5ius ( ! ,engli% nation4 ,picture3 ,conway ,bridge4--,float+ ! ,fir/ ,tube ,picture3 ,view 9 ,tapton ,g>d5s ,,*apt] ,,xviii4 ,,george ,,/eph5son',s ,,clos+ ,,ye>s--,,illness ,,& ,,dea?4 ,9 describ+ ! completion ( ! s]ies ( great works detail$ 9 ! prec$+ *apt]1 we h some:at anticipat$ ! clos+ ye>s ( ,george ,/eph5son's life4 ,he c\ld n fail to take an anxi\s int]e/ 9 ! success ( 8 son's designs1 & he accord+ly paid _m visits to ,conway & to ,m5ai1 dur+ ! progress ( ! works4 ,he 0 pres5t on ! occasion ( ! float+ & rais+ ( ! fir/ ,conway tube1 & !re witness$ a cle> pro( ( ! s\ndness ( ,rob]t's judgm5t z to ! effici5cy & /r5g? ( ! tubul> bridge1 ( :i* he _h at fir/ express$ "s d\bts2 b be=e ! l te/ c\ld be appli$ at ! ,britannia ,bridge1 ,george ,/eph5son's mortal anxieties 7 at an end1 = he _h !n ceas$ f all 8 lab\rs4 ,t[>ds ! close ( 8 life1 ,george ,/eph5son almo/ entirely )drew f ! active pursuit ( 8 pr(ession2 he devot$ himself *iefly to 8 ext5sive colli]ies & lime-works1 tak+ a local int]e/ only 9 su* project$ railways z 7 calculat$ to op5 up new m>kets = _! products4 ,at home he liv$ ! life ( a c\ntry g5tleman1 enjoy+ 8 g>d5 & gr\nds1 & indulg+ 8 love ( nature1 :i*1 ?r\gh all 8 busy life1 _h nev] left him4 ,x 0 n until ! ye> #ahde t he took an active int]e/ 9 horticultural pursuits4 ,!n he began to build new melon-h\ses1 p9]ies1 & v9]ies1 ( great ext5t2 & he n[ seem$ z eag] to excel all o!r gr[]s ( exotic plants 9 8 neighb\rhood1 z he _h be5 to surpass ! villag]s ( ,kill+wor? 9 ! production ( gigantic cabbages & caulifl[]s "s ?irty ye>s be=e4 ,he _h a p9e-h\se built #fh feet 9 l5g? & a p9]y #adj feet4 ,workm5 7 con/antly employ$ 9 enl>g+ !m1 until at l5g? he _h no few] ?an t5 glass =c+-h\ses1 heat$ ) hot wat]1 :i* he 0 "o ( ! fir/ 9 t neighb\rhood to make use ( = su* a purpose4 ,he did n take s mu* pleasure 9 fl[]s z 9 fruits4 ,at "o ( ! c\nty agricultural meet+s1 he said t he int5d$ yet to gr[ p9eapples at ,tapton z big z pumpk9s4 ,! only man to :om he w\ld knock "u 0 8 fri5d ,paxton1 ! g>d5] to ! ,duke ( ,devon%ire2 & he 0 s old 9 ! s]vice1 & s skilful1 t he c\ld sc>cely hope to beat him4 ,yet 8 ,que5 p9es did take ! fir/ prize at a competition ) ! ,duke1--?\gh ?is 0 n until %ortly aft] 8 dea?1 :5 ! plants _h become m fully gr[n4 ,8 grapes also took ! fir/ prize at ,ro!rham1 at a competition op5 to all ,engl&4 ,he 0 extremely successful 9 produc+ melons1 hav+ inv5t$ a me?od ( susp5d+ !m 9 baskets ( wire gauze1 :i*1 by reliev+ ! /alk f t5sion1 all[$ nutrition to proce$ m freely1 & bett] enabl$ ! fruit to gr[ & rip54 ,he took mu* pride also 9 8 gr[? ( cucumb]s4 ,he rais$ !m v f9e & l>ge1 b he c\ld n make !m gr[ /raight4 ,place !m z he w\ld1 not)/&+ all 8 propp+ ( !m1 & hum\r+ !m by modify+ ! application ( heat & ! admission ( light = ! purpose ( effect+ 8 object1 !y w\ld /ill insi/ on gr[+ crook$ 9 _! own way4 ,at la/ he _h a numb] ( glass cyl9d]s made at ,newca/le1 = ! purpose ( an exp]im5t2 into ^! ! gr[+ cucumb]s 7 ins]t$1 & !n he succe$$ 9 gr[+ !m p]fectly /raight4 ,c>ry+ "o ( ! new products into 8 h\se "o day1 & exhibit+ x to a p>ty ( visitors1 he told !m ( ! exp$i5t he _h adopt$1 & add$ gleefully1 ,i ?9k ,i h bo!r$ !m noo6 ,mr4 ,/eph5son also c>ri$ on f>m+ op]ations ) "s success4 ,he exp]im5t$ on manure1 & f$ cattle aft] me?ods ( 8 own4 ,he 0 v p>ticul> z to bre$ & build 9 /ock-bre$+4 ,y see1 sir1 he said to "o g5tleman1 ,i l to see ! coo's back at a gradi5t some?+ l ?is 7draw+ an imag9>y l9e ) 8 h&71 & !n ! ribs or gird]s w c>ry m fle% ?an if !y 7 s--or s4 ,:5 he att5d$ ! c\nty agricultural meet+s1 :i* he frequ5tly did1 he 0 accu/om$ to take "p 9 ! discussions1 & he br\ght ! same vigor\s practical m9d to be> ^u que/ions ( tillage1 dra9age1 & f>m economy1 :i* he _h be5 accu/om$ to ex]cise on me*anical & eng9e]+ matt]s4 ,all 8 e>ly affection = birds & animals reviv$4 ,he _h fav\rite dogs1 & c[s1 & horses2 & aga9 he began to keep rabbits1 & to pride himself on ! beauty ( 8 bre$4 ,!re 0 n a bird's ne/ ^u ! gr\nds t he did n "k (2 & f day to day he w5t r\nd wat*+ ! progress :i* ! birds made ) _! build+1 c>efully gu>d+ !m f injury4 ,no "o 0 m m9utely acqua9t$ ) ! habits ( ,briti% birds1 ! result ( a long1 lov+1 & close obs]vation ( nature4 ,at ,tapton he rememb]$ ! failure ( 8 e>ly exp]im5t 9 hat*+ birds' eggs by heat1 & he n[ p]=m$ x successfully1 be+ able to secure a prop] app>atus = ma9ta9+ a uni=m temp]ature4 ,he 0 also curi\s ab\t ! bre$+ & fatt5+ ( f[ls2 & :5 8 fri5d ,edw>d ,pease ( ,d>l+ton visit$ him at ,tapton1 he expla9$ a me?od :i* he _h inv5t$ = fatt5+ *ick5s 9 half ! usual "t4 ,mrs4 ,/eph5son tri$ to keep bees1 b f\nd !y w\ld n ?rive at ,tapton4 ,_m hives p]i%$1 & !re 0 no case ( success4 ,! cause ( failure 0 a puzzle to ! eng9e]2 b "o day 8 acute p[]s ( obs]vation enabl$ him to unravel x4 ,at ! foot ( ! hill on :i* ,tapton ,h\se /&s1 he saw "s bees try+ to rise up f among/ ! grass1 lad5 ) honey & wax4 ,!y 7 already exhau/$1 z if ) long fly+2 & !n x occurr$ to him t ! height at :i* ! h\se /ood above ! bees' fe$+-gr\nd r5d]$ x difficult = !m to rea* _! hives :5 heavy lad51 & h5ce !y sank exhau/$4 ,he aft]w>ds incid5tally m5tion$ ! circum/ance to ,mr4 ,jesse ! naturali/1 :o concurr$ 9 8 view z to ! cause ( failure1 & 0 mu* /ruck by ! ke5 obs]vation :i* _h l$ to its solution4 ,mr4 ,/eph5son _h none ( ! 9-door habits ( ! /ud5t4 ,he read v little2 = read+ is a habit :i* is g5]ally acquir$ 9 y\?2 & 8 y\? & manhood _h be5 = ! mo/ "p sp5t 9 h>d "w4 ,books we>i$ him1 & s5t him to sleep4 ,novels excit$ 8 feel+s too mu*1 & he avoid$ !m1 ?\gh he w\ld occasionally read ?r\gh a philosophical book on a subject 9 :i* he felt p>ticul>ly int]e/$4 ,he wrote v few lett]s ) 8 own h&2 ne>ly all 8 lett]s 7 dictat$1 & he avoid$ ev5 dictation :5 he c\ld4 ,8 greate/ pleasure 0 9 conv]sation1 f :i* he ga!r$ mo/ ( 8 imp>t$ in=mation4 ,x 0 8 practice1 :5 ab\t to set out on a j\rney by railway1 to walk along ! tra9 be=e x />t$1 & look into ! c>riages to see if he c\ld f9d a conv]sable face4 ,on "o ( ^! occasions1 at ! ,eu/on ,/ation1 he discov]$ 9 a c>riage a v h&some1 manly1 & intellig5t face1 :i* he aft]w>ds f\nd 0 t ( ! late ,"l ,d5man4 ,he 0 on 8 way d[n to 8 seat at ,/ony ,middleton1 9 ,d]by%ire4 ,mr4 ,/eph5son ent]$ ! c>riage1 & ! two 7 %ortly engag$ 9 int]e/+ conv]sation4 ,x turn$ ^u *ronometry & horology1 & ! eng9e] amaz$ 8 lord%ip by ! ext5t ( 8 k on ! subject1 9 :i* he display$ z mu* m9ute in=mation1 ev5 d[n to ! late/ improvem5ts 9 wat*mak+1 z if he _h be5 br$ a wat*mak] & liv$ by ! trade4 ,"l ,d5man 0 curi\s to "k h[ a man ^: "t mu/ h be5 ma9ly engross$ by eng9e]+1 _h ga!r$ s mu* k on a subject q out ( 8 own l9e1 & he ask$ ! "q4 ,i le>nt clockmak+ & wat*mak+1 0 ! answ]1 :ile a work+ man at ,kill+wor?1 :5 ,i made a little money 9 my sp>e h\rs1 by clean+ ! pitm5's clocks & wat*es2 & s9ce !n ,i h kept up my in=mation on ! subject4 ,?is l$ to fur!r que/ions1 & !n ,mr4 ,/eph5son told ,"l ,d5man ! int]e/+ /ory ( 8 life1 :i* held him entranc$ dur+ ! rema9d] ( ! j\rney4 ,_m ( 8 fri5ds readily accept$ invitations to ,tapton ,h\se to enjoy 8 hospitality1 :i* nev] fail$4 ,) !m he w\ld fight 8 battles o'er aga91 rev]t+ to 8 battle = ! locomotive2 & he 0 nev] tir$ ( tell+1 nor 7 8 auditors ( li/5+ to1 ! lively anecdotes ) :i* he 0 accu/om$ to illu/rate ! /ruggles ( 8 e>ly c>e]4 ,:il/ walk+ 9 ! woods or ?r\gh ! gr\nds1 he w\ld arre/ 8 fri5d's att5tion by allusion to "s simple object1--su* z a leaf1 a blade ( grass1 a bit ( b>k1 a ne/ ( birds1 or an ant c>ry+ its eggs across ! pa?1--& descant 9 gl[+ t]ms ^u ! creative p[] ( ! ,div9e ,me*anician1 ^: contrivances 7 s exhau/less & s wond]ful4 ,?is 0 a !me ^u :i* he 0 (t5 accu/om$ to dwell 9 rev]5tial admiration1 :5 9 ! society ( 8 m intimate fri5ds4 ,"o night1 :5 walk+ "u ! />s1 & gaz+ up into ! field ( suns1 ea* ! probable c5tre ( a sy/em1 =m+ ! ,milky ,way1 a fri5d said to him1 ,:at an insignificant creature is man 9 sight ( s imm5se a creation z t6 ,yes6 0 8 reply2 b h[ wond]ful a creature also is man1 to be able to ?9k & reason1 & ev5 9 "s measure to compreh5d works s inf9ite6 ,a microscope1 :i* he _h br\ght d[n to ,tapton1 0 a s\rce ( imm5se enjoym5t to him2 & he 0 nev] tir$ ( contemplat+ ! m9ute wond]s :i* x reveal$4 ,"o ev5+1 :5 "s fri5ds 7 visit+ him1 he induc$ !m ea* to puncture _! sk9 s z to draw blood1 9 ord] t he might exam9e ! globules ?r\gh ! microscope4 ,"o ( ! g5tlem5 pres5t 0 a teetotall]1 & ,mr4 ,/eph5son pron\nc$ 8 blood to be ! mo/ lively ( ! :ole4 ,he _h a !ory ( 8 own ab\t ! movem5t ( ! globules 9 ! blood1 :i* has s9ce become famili>4 ,x 01 t !y 7 respectively *>g$ ) electricity1 positive at "o end & negative at ! o!r1 & t ?us !y attract$ & repell$ ea* o!r1 caus+ a circulation4 ,no soon] did he obs]ve any?+ new1 ?an he imm$iately set ab\t devis+ a reason = x4 ,8 tra9+ 9 me*anics1 8 practical famili>ity ) matt] 9 all its =ms1 & ! /rong b5t ( 8 m9d1 l$ him fir/ ( all to seek = a me*anical explanation4 ,& yet he 0 ready to admit t !re 0 a some?+ 9 ! pr9ciple ( life--s my/]i\s & inexplicable--:i* baffl$ me*anics1 & seem$ to dom9ate ov] & control !m4 ,he did n c>e mu*1 ei!r1 = ab/ruse me*anics1 b only = ! exp]im5tal & practical1 z is usually ! case ) ^? ^: k has be5 self-acquir$4 ,ev5 at 8 advanc$ age1 ! _s ( frolic _h n left him4 ,:5 proce$+ f ,*e/]field /ation to ,tapton ,h\se ) 8 fri5ds1 he w\ld almo/ inv>iably *all5ge !m to a race up ! /eep pa?1 p>tly =m$ ( /one /eps1 along ! hill side4 ,& he w\ld /ruggle1 z ( old1 to keep ! front place1 ?\gh by ?is "t 8 w9d _h greatly fail$4 ,he w\ld occasionally invite an old fri5d to take a quiet wre/le ) him on ! lawn1 to keep up 8 skill1 & p]haps to try "s new knack ( ?r[+4 ,9 ! ev5+1 he w\ld sometimes indulge 8 visitors by recit+ ! old pa/oral ( ,damon & ,phyllis1 or s++ 8 fav\rite song ( ,john ,&]son my ,joe4 ,b 8 greate/ glory among/ ^? ) :om he 0 mo/ intimate1 0 a cr[die6 ,let's h a cr[die night1 he w\ld say2 & =?) a kettle ( boil+ wat] 0 ord]$ 91 ) a bas9 ( oatmeal4 ,tak+ a l>ge b[l1 conta9+ a suffici5cy ( hot wat]1 & plac+ x betwe5 8 knees1 he p\r$ 9 oatmeal ) "o h&1 & /irr$ ! mixture vigor\sly ) ! o!r4 ,:5 en\gh meal _h be5 add$1 & ! /irr+ 0 complet$1 ! cr[die 0 made4 ,x 0 !n supp$ ) new milk1 & ,/eph5son g5]ally pron\nc$ x capital6 ,x 0 ! diet to :i* he _h be5 accu/om$ :5 a work+ man1 & all ! da9ties ) :i* he _h become famili> 9 rec5t ye>s _h n spoil$ 8 simple ta/es4 ,to enjoy cr[die at 8 age1 besides1 indicat$ t he /ill possess$ t quality on :i* no d\bt mu* ( 8 practical success 9 life _h dep5d$1--a /rong & heal?y dige/ion4 ,he w\ld also frequ5tly invite to 8 h\se ! humbl] companions ( 8 e>ly life1 & take pleasure 9 talk+ ov] old times ) !m4 ,he nev] assum$ any ( ! be>+s ( a great man on su* occasions1 b treat$ ! visitors ) ! same fri5dl9ess & respect z if !y _h be5 8 equals1 s5d+ !m away pleas$ ) !mselves & delight$ ) him4 ,at o!r times1 ne$y m5 :o _h kn[n him 9 y\? w\ld knock at 8 door1 & !y 7 nev] refus$ access4 ,b if he _h he>d ( any misconduct on _! "p he w\ld rate !m s\ndly4 ,"o :o knew him intimately 9 private life has se5 him exhort+ su* backslid]s1 & d5\nc+ _! misconduct & imprud5ce ) ! te>s /ream+ d[n 8 *eeks4 ,& he w\ld g5]ally conclude by op5+ 8 purse1 & giv+ !m ! help :i* !y ne$$ to make a fre% />t 9 ! _w4 ,mr4 ,/eph5son's life at ,tapton dur+ 8 latt] ye>s 0 occasionally div]sifi$ ) a visit to ,london4 ,8 eng9e]+ bus9ess hav+ become limit$1 he g5]ally w5t !re = ! purpose ( visit+ fri5ds1 or to see :at !re 0 fre% go+ on4 ,he f\nd a new race ( eng9e]s spr++ up on all h&s--m5 :o knew him n2 & 8 ,london j\rneys gradually ceas$ to yield him pleasure4 ,a fri5d us$ to take him to ! op]a1 b by ! end ( ! fir/ act1 he 0 g5]ally 9 a pr(\nd slumb]4 ,yet on "o occasion he enjoy$ a visit to ! ,haym>ket ) a p>ty ( fri5ds on 8 bir?day1 to see ,t4 ,p4 ,cooke1 9 ,black-ey$ ,susan2--if t c be call$ enjoym5t :i* kept him 9 a /ate ( te>s dur+ half ! p]=mance4 ,at o!r times he visit$ ,newca/le1 :i* always gave him great pleasure4 ,he w\ld1 on su* occasions1 g out to ,kill+wor? & seek up old fri5ds1 & if ! p :om he knew 7 too retir+1 & %runk into _! cottages1 he w5t & s\ght !m !re4 ,/rik+ ! floor ) 8 /ick1 & hold+ 8 noble p]son upright1 he w\ld say1 9 8 own k9d way1 ,well1 & h['s all "h to-day8 ,to ! la/ he _h always a w>m he>t = ,newca/le & its neighb\rhood4 ,sir ,rob]t ,peel1 on m ?an "o occasion1 invit$ ,george ,/eph5son to 8 mansion at ,drayton1 :]e he 0 accu/om$ to assemble r\nd him m5 ( ! highe/ di/9ction 9 art1 sci5ce1 & legislation1 dur+ ! int]vals ( 8 p>liam5t>y life4 ,! fir/ invitation 0 respectfully decl9$4 ,sir ,rob]t invit$ him a second "t1 & a second "t he decl9$3 ,i h no great ambition1 he said1 to mix 9 f9e company1 & p]haps %\ld feel out ( my elem5t among/ su* high folks4 ,b ,sir ,rob]t a ?ird "t press$ him to come d[n to ,tamwor? e>ly 9 ,janu>y1 #ahde1 :5 he w\ld meet ,buckl&1 ,follett1 & o!rs well kn[n to bo?4 ,well1 ,sir ,rob]t1 said he1 ,i feel y\r k9dness v mu*1 & c no long] refuse3 ,i w come d[n & jo9 y\r p>ty4 ,mr4 ,/eph5son's /rong p[]s ( obs]vation1 toge!r ) 8 native hum\r & %rewdness1 imp>t$ to 8 conv]sation at all times mu* vig\r & orig9ality1 & made him1 to "y & old1 a delightful companion4 ,?\gh ma9ly an eng9e]1 he 0 also a pr(\nd ?9k] on _m sci5tific que/ions3 & !re 0 sc>cely a subject ( speculation1 or a dep>tm5t ( recondite sci5ce1 on :i* he _h n employ$ 8 faculties 9 su* a way z to h =m$ l>ge & orig9al views4 ,at ,drayton1 ! conv]sation usually turn$ ^u su* topics1 & ,mr4 ,/eph5son freely jo9$ 9 x4 ,on "o occasion1 an animat$ discussion took place betwe5 himself & ,dr4 ,buckl& on "o ( 8 fav\rite !ories z to ! =mation ( coal4 ,b ! result 01 t ,dr4 ,buckl&1 a mu* great] ma/] ( tongue-f5ce ?an ,mr4 ,/eph5son1 completely sil5c$ him4 ,next morn+1 be=e breakfa/1 :5 he 0 walk+ 9 ! gr\nds1 deeply pond]+1 ,sir ,william ,follett came up & ask$ :at he 0 ?9k+ ab\t8 ,:y1 ,sir ,william1 ,i am ?9k+ ov] t argum5t ,i _h ) ,buckl& la/ night2 ,i "k ,i am "r1 & t if ,i _h only ! comm& ( words :i* he has1 ,i'd h beat5 him4 ,let me "k all ab\t x1 said ,sir ,william1 & ,i'll see :at ,i c d = y4 ,! two sat d[n 9 an arb\r1 & ! a/ute lawy] made himself ?or\ghly acqua9t$ ) ! po9ts ( ! case2 ent]+ into x ) all ! zeal ( an advocate ab\t to plead ! de>e/ int]e/s ( 8 cli5t4 ,aft] he _h ma/]$ ! subject1 ,sir ,william rose up1 rubb+ 8 h&s ) glee1 & said1 ,n[ ,i am ready = him4 ,sir ,rob]t ,peel 0 made acqua9t$ ) ! plot1 & adroitly introduc$ ! subject ( ! controv]sy aft] d9n]4 ,! result 01 t 9 ! argum5t :i* foll[$1 ! man ( sci5ce 0 ov]come by ! man ( law2 & ,sir ,william ,follett _h at all po9ts ! ma/]y ov] ,dr4 ,buckl&4 ,:at d y say1 ,mr4 ,/eph5son8 ask$ ,sir ,rob]t1 laugh+4 ,:y1 said he1 ,i w only say ?is1 t ( all ! p[]s above & "u ! e>?1 !re seems to me to be no p[] s great z ! gift ( ! gab4 #cej ,"o ,sunday1 :5 ! p>ty _h j return$ f *ur*1 !y 7 /&+ toge!r on ! t]race ne> ! ,hall1 & obs]v$ 9 ! di/ance a railway-tra9 fla%+ along1 toss+ beh9d its long :ite plume ( /eam4 ,n[1 ,buckl&1 said ,/eph5son1 ,i h a pos] = y4 ,c y tell me :at is ! p[] t is driv+ t tra98 ,well1 said ! o!r1 ,i suppose x is "o ( y\r big eng9es4 ,b :at drives ! eng9e8 ,oh1 v likely a canny ,newca/le driv]4 ,:at d y say to ! light ( ! sun8 ,h[ c t be8 ask$ ! doctor4 ,x is no?+ else1 said ! eng9e]1 x is light bottl$ up 9 ! e>? = t5s ( ?\s&s ( ye>s1--light1 absorb$ by plants & vegetables1 be+ necess>y = ! cond5sation ( c>bon dur+ ! process ( _! gr[?1 if x be n c>bon 9 ano!r =m1--& n[1 aft] be+ buri$ 9 ! e>? = long ages 9 fields ( coal1 t lat5t light is aga9 br\ght =? & lib]at$1 made to "w z 9 t locomotive1 = great human purposes4 ,dur+ ! same visit1 ,mr4 ,/eph5son1 "o ev5+ repeat$ 8 exp]im5t ) blood drawn f ! f+]1 submitt+ x to ! microscope 9 ord] to %[ ! curi\s circulation ( ! globules4 ,he set ! example by prick+ 8 own ?umb2 & ! o!r gue/s1 by turns1 9 l mann]1 gave up a small portion ( _! blood = ! purpose ( asc]ta9+ ! comp>ative livel9esss ( _! circulation4 ,:5 ,sir ,rob]t ,peel's turn came1 ,mr4 ,/eph5son said he 0 curi\s to "k h[ ! blood globules ( a great politician w\ld conduct !mselves4 ,sir ,rob]t held =? 8 f+] = ! purpose ( be+ prick$2 b once1 & aga91 he s5sitively %runk back1 & at l5g? ! exp]im5t1 s f> z he 0 conc]n$1 0 ab&on$4 ,sir ,rob]t ,peel's s5sitiv5ess to pa9 0 extreme1 & yet he 0 de/9$1 a few ye>s aft]1 to die a dea? ( ! mo/ di/ress+ agony4 ,9 #ahdg1 ! ye> be=e 8 dea?1 ,mr4 ,/eph5son 0 aga9 invit$ to jo9 a di/+ui%$ p>ty at ,drayton ,manor1 & to assi/ 9 ! c]emony ( =mally op5+ ! ,tr5t ,valley ,railway1 :i* _h be5 orig9ally design$ & laid out by himself _m ye>s be=e4 ,! fir/ sod ( ! railway _h be5 cut by ! ,prime ,m9i/]1 9 ,novemb]1 #ahde1 dur+ ! "t :5 ,mr4 ,/eph5son 0 abroad on ! bus9ess ( ! ,spani% railway4 ,! =mal op5+ took place on ! #bf? ,june1 #ahdg1 ! l9e hav+ ?us be5 con/ruct$ 9 less ?an two ye>s4 ,:at a *ange _h come ov] ! _s ( ! l&$ g5try s9ce ! "t :5 ,george ,/eph5son _h fir/ project$ a railway ?r\gh t di/rict6 ,!n !y 7 up 9 arms aga9/ him1 *>act]is+ him z ! deva/ator & spoil] ( _! e/ates2 n[ he 0 hail$ z "o ( ! greate/ b5efactors ( ! age4 ,sir ,rob]t ,peel1 ! *ief political p]sonage 9 ,engl&1 welcom$ him z a gue/ & fri5d1 & spoke ( him z ! *ief among practical philosoph]s4 ,a doz5 memb]s ( ,p>liam5t1 sev5 b>onets1 ) all ! l&$ magnates ( ! di/rict1 assembl$ to celebrate ! op5+ ( ! railway4 ,! cl]gy 7 !re to bless ! ent]prise1 & to bid all hail to railway progress1 z enabl+ !m to c>ry on ) great] facility ^? op]ations 9 connexion ) religion :i* 7 calculat$ to be s b5eficial to ! c\ntry4 ,! army1 speak+ ?r\gh ! m\? ( ,g5]al ,a',c\rt1 ackn[l$g$ ! va/ importance ( railways1 z t5d+ to improve ! milit>y def5ces ( ! c\ntry4 ,& repres5tatives f eight corporations 7 !re to ackn[l$ge ! great b5efits :i* railways _h conf]r$ ^u ! m]*ants1 tradesm51 & work+ classes ( _! respective t[ns & cities4 ,9 ! spr+ ( #ahdh ,mr4 ,/eph5son 0 invit$ to ,:itt+ton ,h\se1 ne> ,*e/]field1 ! resid5ce ( 8 fri5d & =m] pupil1 ,mr4 ,swanwick1 to meet ! di/+ui%$ ,am]ican1 ,em]son4 ,^u be+ introduc$1 !y did n imm$iately engage 9 conv]sation2 b pres5tly ,/eph5son jump$ up1 took ,em]son by ! coll>1 & giv+ him "o ( 8 fri5dly %akes1 ask$ h[ x 0 t 9 ,engl& we c\ld always tell an ,am]ican8 ,?is l$ to an int]e/+ conv]sation1 9 ! c\rse ( :i* ,em]son said h[ mu* he _h be5 ev]y:]e /ruck by ! hal5ess & comel9ess ( ! ,engli% m5 & wom52 & !n !y div]g$ into a fur!r discussion ( ! influ5ces :i* air1 climate1 moi/ure1 soil1 & o!r conditions ex]cis$ ^u ! physical & moral developm5t ( a p4 ,! conv]sation 0 next direct$ to ! subject ( electricity1 ^u :i* ,/eph5son laun*$ out en?usia/ically1 expla9+ 8 views by sev]al simple & /rik+ illu/rations4 ,f !nce x gradually turn$ to ! ev5ts ( 8 own life1 :i* he relat$ 9 s graphic a mann] z completely to rivet ! att5tion ( ! ,am]ican4 ,aft]w>ds ,em]son said1 t x 0 wor? cross+ ! ,atlantic to h se5 ,/eph5son alone2 he _h su* native =ce ( "* & vig\r ( intellect4 ,! re/ ( ,mr4 ,/eph5son's days 7 sp5t quietly at ,tapton1 among/ 8 dogs1 8 rabbits1 & 8 birds4 ,:5 n engag$ ab\t ! works connect$ ) 8 colli]ies1 he 0 occupi$ 9 horticulture & f>m+4 ,he cont9u$ pr\d ( 8 fl[]s1 8 fruits1 & 8 crops2 & ! old _s ( competition 0 /ill /rong )9 him4 ,al?\gh he _h = "s "t be5 9 delicate heal?1 & 8 h& %ook f n]v\s affection1 he appe>$ to possess a s\nd con/itution4 ,em]son _h obs]v$ ( him t he _h ! lives ( _m m5 9 him4 ,b p]haps ! ,am]ican spoke figuratively1 9 ref]5ce to 8 va/ /ores ( exp]i5ce4 ,x appe>$ t he _h nev] completely recov]$ f ! attack ( pleurisy :i* seiz$ him dur+ 8 return f ,spa94 ,z late1 h[ev]1 z ! #bf? ,july1 #ahdh1 he felt himself suffici5tly well to be able to att5d a meet+ ( ! ,in/itute ( ,me*anical ,eng9e]s at ,birm+ham1 & to read to ! memb]s 8 pap] ,on ! ,fallacies ( ! ,rotatory ,eng9e4 ,x 0 8 la/ appe>ance be=e !m4 ,%ortly aft] 8 return to ,tapton1 he _h an attack ( int]mitt5t fev]1 f :i* he seem$ to be recov]+1 :5 a sudd5 effusion ( blood f ! lungs c>ri$ him (f1 on ! #ab? ,augu/1 #ahdh1 9 ! sixty-sev5? ye> ( 8 age4 ,:5 all 0 ov]1 ,rob]t wrote to ,edw>d ,pease1 ,) deep pa9 ,i in=m y1 z "o ( 8 olde/ fri5ds1 ( ! dea? ( my de> fa!r ?is morn+ at #ab o'clock1 aft] ab\t t5 days' illness f sev]e fev]4 ,mr4 ,/>buck1 :o 0 also pres5t1 wrote1 ,! fav\rable symptoms ( ye/]day morn+ 7 t[>ds ev5+ foll[$ by a s]i\s *ange = ! worse4 ,?is cont9u$ dur+ ! night1 & e>ly ?is morn+ x became evid5t t he 0 s9k+4 ,at a few m9utes be=e #ab to-day he brea!d 8 la/4 ,all t ! mo/ devot$ & unremitt+ c>e ( ,mrs4 ,/eph5son #ced & ! skill ( m$ic9e c\ld accompli%1 has be5 done1 b 9 va94 ,george ,/eph5son's rema9s 7 foll[$ to ! grave by a l>ge body ( 8 workpeople1 by :om he 0 greatly admir$ & belov$4 ,!y rememb]$ him z a k9d ma/]1 :o 0 ev] ready actively to promote all measures = _! moral1 physical1 & m5tal improvem5t4 ,! inhabitants ( ,*e/]field ev9c$ _! respect = ! deceas$ by susp5d+ bus9ess1 clos+ _! %ops1 & jo9+ 9 ! fun]al procession1 :i* 0 head$ by ! corporation ( ! t[n4 ,_m ( ! surr\nd+ g5try also att5d$4 ,! body 0 int]r$ 9 ,tr9ity ,*ur*1 ,*e/]field1 :]e a simple tablet m>ks ! great eng9e]'s la/ re/+-place4 ,! /atue ( ,george ,/eph5son1 :i* ! ,liv]pool & ,man*e/] & ,gr& ,junction ,companies _h commission$1 0 on its way to ,engl& :5 8 dea? occurr$2 & x s]v$ = a monum5t1 ?\gh 8 be/ monum5t w always be 8 works4 ,! /atue ref]r$ to 0 plac$ 9 ,/4 ,george's ,hall1 ,liv]pool4 ,a full-l5g? /atue ( him1 by ,bailey1 0 also erect$ a few ye>s lat]1 9 ! noble ve/ibule ( ! ,london & ,nor?-,we/]n ,/ation1 9 ,eu/on ,squ>e4 ,a subscription = ! purpose 0 set on foot by ! ,society ( ,me*anical ,eng9e]s1 ( :i* he _h be5 ! f\nd] & presid5t4 ,a few adv]tisem5ts 7 ins]t$ 9 ! newspap]s1 invit+ subscriptions2 & x is a notable fact t ! volunt>y (f]+s includ$ an av]age ( two %ill+s ea* f #caej work+ m51 :o embrac$ ?is opportunity ( do+ hon\r to _! di/+ui%$ fell[ workman4 ,picture3 ,tr9ity ,*ur*1 ,*e/]field ,b unque/ionably ! f9e/ & mo/ appropriate /atue to ! memory ( ,george ,/eph5son is t erect$ 9 #ahfb1 aft] ! design ( ,john ,l\gh1 at ,newca/le-^u ,tyne4 ,x is 9 ! imm$iate neighb\rhood ( ! ,lit]>y & ,philosophical ,in/itute1 to :i* bo? ,george & 8 son ,rob]t 7 s mu* indebt$ 9 _! e>ly ye>s2 close to ! great ,/eph5son locomotive f\ndry e/abli%$ by ! %rewdness ( ! fa!r2 & 9 ! vic9ity ( ! ,high ,level ,bridge1 "o ( ! gr&e/ products ( ! g5ius ( ! son4 ,! head ( ,/eph5son1 z express$ 9 ?is noble "w1 is massive1 *>act]i/ic1 & fai?ful2 & ! attitude ( ! figure is simple yet manly & en]getic4 ,x /&s on a p$e/al1 at ! respective corn]s ( :i* are sculptur$ ! recumb5t figures ( a pitman1 a me*anic1 an eng9e-driv]1 & a plate-lay]4 ,! /atue appropriately /&s 9 a v ?or\ghf>e ( work+-m51 ?\s&s ( :om see x daily z !y pass to & f _! "w2 & we c imag9e !m1 z !y look up to ,/eph5son's manly figure1 apply+ to x ! words address$ by ,rob]t ,nicoll to ,rob]t ,burns1 ) p]haps /ill great] appropriat5ess3-- ,be=e ! pr\de/ ( ! e>? ,we /&1 ) an uplift$ br[2 ,l u1 ?\ wa/ a toil+ man1-- ,& we are noble1 n[6 ,! portrait prefix$ to ?is volume gives a good indication ( ,george ,/eph5son's %rewd1 k9d1 hone/1 manly face4 ,8 fair1 cle> c\nt5ance 0 ruddy1 & seem+ly gl[$ ) heal?4 ,! =ehead 0 l>ge & high1 project+ ov] ! eyes1 & !re 0 t massive bread? across ! l[] "p :i* is usually obs]v$ 9 m5 ( em95t con/ructive skill4 ,! m\? 0 firmly m>k$1 & %rewdness & hum\r lurk$ !re z well z 9 ! ke5 grey eye4 ,8 frame 0 compact1 well-knit1 & r sp>e4 ,8 hair became grey at an e>ly age1 & t[>ds ! close ( 8 life x 0 ( a pure silky :it5ess4 ,he dress$ neatly 9 black1 we>+ a :ite neckclo?2 & 8 face1 8 p]son1 & 8 deportm5t at once arre/$ att5tion1 & m>k$ ! ,g5tleman4 ,picture3 ,tablet 9 ,tr9ity ,*ur*1 ,*e/]field ,picture3 ,victoria ,bridge1 ,montreal ,,*apt] ,,xix4 ,,rob]t ,,/eph5son',s ,,victoria ,,bridge1 ,,l[] ,,canada--,,illness ,,& ,,dea?--,,/eph5son ,,*>act]i/ics4 ,george ,/eph5son bequea!d to 8 son 8 valuable colli]ies1 8 %>e 9 ! eng9e manufactory at ,newca/le1 & 8 l>ge accumulation ( sav+s1 :i*1 toge!r ) ! =tune he _h himself amass$ by railway "w1 gave ,rob]t ! position ( an eng9e] millionaire--! fir/ ( 8 ord]4 ,he cont9u$1 h[ev]1 to live 9 a quiet /yle2 & al?\gh he b\ght occasional pictures & /atues1 & indulg$ 9 ! luxury ( a ya*t1 he did n live up to 8 income1 :i* w5t on rapidly accumulat+ until 8 dea?4 ,!re 0 no long] ! necessity = apply+ himself to ! labori\s bus9ess ( a p>liam5t>y eng9e]1 9 :i* he _h n[ be5 occupi$ = "s fifte5 ye>s4 ,%ortly aft] 8 fa!r's dea?1 ,edw>d ,pease /rongly recomm5d$ him to give up ! m h>ass+ "w ( 8 pr(ession2 & 8 reply 7#ae? ,june1 #ahej7 0 z foll[s3--,! sugge/ion :i* y\r k9d note conta9s is q 9 accordance ) my own feel+s & int5tions respect+ retirem5t2 b ,i f9d x a v difficult matt] to br+ to a close s complicat$ a connexion 9 bus9ess z t :i* has be5 e/abli%$ by tw5ty-five ye>s ( active & ardu\s pr(essional duty4 ,comp>ative retirem5t is1 h[ev]1 my int5tion2 & ,i tru/ t y\r pray] = ! ,div9e bless+ to grant me happ9ess & quiet com=t w be fulfill$4 ,i _c b feel deeply grateful to ! ,great ,dispos] ( ev5ts = ! success :i* has hi!rto att5d$ my ex]tions 9 life2 & ,i tru/ t ! future w also be m>k$ by a cont9uance ( ,8 m]cies4 ,al?\gh ,rob]t ,/eph5son1 9 con=mity ) ?is express$ int5tion1 = ! mo/ "p decl9$ to und]take new bus9ess1 he did n altoge!r lay aside 8 h>ness2 & he liv$ to repeat 8 tubul> bridges bo? 9 ,l[] ,canada & 9 ,egypt4 ,! success ( ! tubul> sy/em1 z adopt$ at ,m5ai & ,conway1 0 su* z to recomm5d x = adoption :]ev] great span 0 requir$2 & ! peculi> circum/ances connect$ ) ! navigation ( ! ,/4 ,lawr5ce & ! ,nile1 may be said to h compell$ its adoption 9 c>ry+ railways across ^? great riv]s4 ,! ,victoria ,bridge1 ( :i* ,rob]t ,/eph5son 0 ! design] & *ief eng9e]1 is1 )\t exception1 ! greate/ "w ( ! k9d 9 ! _w4 ,= gigantic proportions & va/ l5g? & /r5g? !re is no?+ to comp>e ) x 9 anci5t or mod]n times4 ,! entire bridge1 ) its approa*es1 is only ab\t sixty y>ds %ort ( two miles1 be+ five times long] ?an ! ,britannia across ! ,m5ai ,/raits1 sev5 & a half times long] ?an ,wat]loo ,bridge1 & m ?an t5 times long] ?an ! new ,*elsea ,bridge across ! ,?ames6 ,x has n less ?an tw5ty-f\r spans ( #bdb feet ea*1 & "o great c5tral span--itself an imm5se bridge--( #ccj feet4 ,! road is c>ri$ )9 iron tubes #fj feet above ! level ( ! ,/4 ,lawr5ce1 :i* runs b5ea? at a spe$ ( ab\t t5 miles an h\r1 & 9 w9t] br+s d[n ! ice ( two ?\s& squ>e miles ( lakes & riv]s1 ) _! num]\s tribut>ies4 ,! weight ( iron 9 ! tubes is ab\t t5 ?\s& tons1 support$ on massive pi]s1 :i* conta91 "s six1 & o!rs t5 ?\s& tons ( solid masonry4 ,s gigantic a "w1 involv+ s heavy an exp5diture--ab\t #a1cjj1jjj p\nds--0 n project$ )\t suffici5t cause4 ,! ,gr& ,trunk ,railway ( ,canada1 upw>ds ( #abjj miles 9 l5g?1 trav]ses ,briti% ,nor? ,am]ica f ! %ores ( ! ,atlantic to ! ri* prairie c\ntry ( ! ,f> ,we/4 ,x op5s up a va/ ext5t ( f]tile t]ritory = future immigration1 & provides a ready means = transport+ ! v>i$ products ( ! ,we/]n ,/ates to ! seabo>d4 ,s long z ! ,/4 ,lawr5ce 0 reli$ ^u1 ! inhabitants along ! ,great ,valley 7 preclud$ f communication ) ea* o!r = ne>ly six mon?s ( ! ye>1 dur+ :i* ! navigation 0 clos$ by ! ice4 ,! ,gr& ,trunk ,railway 0 design$ to furni% a l9e ( communication ?r\gh ?is great di/rict at all seasons2 foll[+ ! c\rse ( ! ,/4 ,lawr5ce along its nor? bank1 & unit+ ! pr9cipal t[ns ( ,canada4 ,b /opp+ %ort on ! nor? %ore1 x 0 /ill an incomplete "w2 unconnect$1 except by a dang]\s & (t5 impracticable f]ry1 ) ,montreal1 ! capital ( ! prov9ce1 & %ut (f f connection ) ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 z well z ) ! coa/ to :i* ! comm]ce ( ,canada naturally t5ds4 ,)\t a bridge at ,montreal1 !re=e1 x 0 felt t ! sy/em ( ,canadian railway communication w\ld h be5 incomplete1 & ! b5efits ( ! ,gr& ,trunk ,railway 9 a great measure nugatory4 ,z e>ly z #ahdf ! con/ruction ( a bridge across ! ,/4 ,lawr5ce at ,montreal 0 /rongly advocat$ by ! local press = ! purpose ( directly connect+ t city ) ! !n project$ ,atlantic & ,/4 ,lawr5ce ,railway4 ,a survey ( ! bridge 0 made1 & ! s*eme 0 report$ to be practicable4 ,a p]iod ( colonial depression1 h[ev]1 int]v5$1 & al?\gh ! project 0 n lo/ sight (1 x 0 n until #aheb1 :5 ! ,gr& ,trunk ,railway ,company began _! op]ations1 t !re seem$ to be any reasonable prospect ( its be+ c>ri$ out4 ,9 t ye>1 ,mr4 ,a4 ,m4 ,ross--:o _h sup]9t5d$1 "u ,rob]t ,/eph5son1 ! con/ruction ( ! tubul> bridge ov] ! ,conway--visit$ ,canada1 & inspect$ ! site ( ! propos$ bridge1 :5 he readily arriv$ at ! conclusion t a l /ructure 0 suitable = ! cross+ ( ! ,/4 ,lawr5ce4 ,he return$ to ,engl& to conf] ) ,rob]t ,/eph5son on ! subject1 & ! result 0 ! plan ( ! ,victoria ,bridge1 ( :i* ,rob]t ,/eph5son 0 ! design]1 & ,mr4 ,a4 ,m4 ,ross ! jo9t & resid5t eng9e]4 ,! p>ticul> k9d ( /ructure to be adopt$1 h[ev]1 =m$ ! subject ( mu* prelim9>y discussion4 ,ev5 aft] ! design ( a tubul> bridge _h be5 adopt$1 & ! pi]s 7 comm5c$1 ! plan 0 made ! subject ( sev]e criticism1 on ! gr\nd ( its alleg$ excessive co/4 ,x !re=e became necess>y = ,mr4 ,/eph5son to v9dicate ! propriety ( 8 design 9 a report to ! directors ( ! railway1 9 :i* he satisfactorily prov$ t z respect$ /r5g?1 effici5cy1 & economy1 ) a view to p]man5cy1 ! plan ( ! ,victoria ,bridge 0 unimpea*able4 ,!re 7 v>i\s me?ods propos$ = spann+ ! ,/4 ,lawr5ce4 ,! susp5sion bridge1 su* z t ov] ! riv] ,niag>a1 0 f\nd inapplicable = sev]al reasons1 b *iefly because ( its defective rigidity1 :i* greatly limit$ ! spe$ & weight ( ! tra9s1 & consequ5tly ! am\nt ( traffic :i* c\ld be pass$ ov] su* a bridge4 ,?us1 tak+ ! l5g? ( ! ,victoria ,bridge into acc\nt1 x 0 f\nd t n m ?an #bj tra9s c\ld pass )9 ! #bd h\rs1 a numb] insuffici5t = ! accommodation ( ! anticipat$ traffic4 ,to introduce su* an am\nt ( mat]ial into ! susp5sion bridge z w\ld supply increas$ rigidity1 w\ld only be approximat+ to ! orig9al beam1 & neutraliz+ any advantages 9 po9t ( *eapness :i* might be d]ivable f ?is =m ( /ructure1 )\t secur+ ! ess5tial /iffness & /r5g?4 ,iron ar*es 7 also consid]$ inapplicable1 because ( ! l>ge headway requir$ = ! passage ( ! ice 9 w9t]1 & ! necessity :i* exi/$ = keep+ ! spr++ ( ! ar*es cle> ( ! wat]-l9e4 ,?is w\ld h involv$ ! rais+ ( ! entire road1 & a l>gely increas$ exp5diture on ! upp] works4 ,! "q 0 !re=e r$uc$ to ! consid]ation ( ! k9d ( horizontal beam or gird] to be employ$4 ,horizontal gird]s are ( ?ree k9ds4 ,! ,tubul> is con/ruct$ ( rivet$ rectangul> boil] plates4 ,:]e ! span is l>ge1 ! road passes )9 ! tube2 :]e ! span is comp>atively small1 ! roadway is support$ by two or m rectangul> beams4 ,next !re is ! ,lattice gird]1 borr[$ f ! loose r\gh timb] bridges ( ! ,am]ican eng9e]s1 consi/+ ( a top & bottom flange connect$ by a numb] ( flat iron b>s1 rivet$ across ea* o!r at a c]ta9 angle1 ! roadway re/+ on ! top1 or be+ susp5d$ at ! bottom betwe5 ! lattice on ei!r side4 ,bridges on ! same con/ruction are n[ ext5sively us$ = cross+ ! broad riv]s ( ,india1 & are especially design$ ) a view to _! easy transport & erection4 ,! ,trellis or ,w>r5 gird] is a modification ( ! same plan1 consi/+ ( a top & bottom flange1 ) a connect+ web ( diagonal flat b>s1 =m+ a complete sy/em ( triangulation--h5ce ! "n ( ,triangul> gird]1 by :i* x is g5]ally kn[n4 ,! m]it ( ?is =m consi/s 9 its comp>ative rigidity1 /r5g?1 lightness1 & economy ( mat]ial ,^! bridges are also ext5sively employ$ 9 spann+ ! riv]s ( ,india4 ,"o ( ! be/ specim5s is ! ,cruml9 viaduct1 #bjj feet high at "o po9t1 :i* spans ! riv] & valley ( ! ,ebbw ne> ! village ( ,cruml9 9 ,s\? ,wales4 ,?is viaduct is ab\t a ?ird ( a mile long1 divid$ into two p>ts by a ridge ( hills :i* runs ?r\gh ! c5tre ( ! valley--ea* "p =m+ a sep>ate viaduct1 ! "o ( sev5 equal spans ( #aej feet1 ! o!r ( ?ree spans ( ! same diamet]4 ,! bridge has be5 v skilfully design$ & con/ruct$1 &1 by reason ( its great dim5sions & novel arrangem5ts1 is entitl$ to be reg>d$ z "o ( ! mo/ rem>kable eng9e]+ works ( ! day4 ,9 calculat+ ! /r5g? ( ^! diff]5t classes ( gird]s1 ,mr4 ,/eph5son obs]v$1 "o rul+ pr9ciple app]ta9s1 & is common to all ( !m4 ,prim>ily & ess5tially1 ! ultimate /r5g? is consid]$ to exi/ 9 ! top & bottom1--! =m] be+ expos$ to a compression =ce by ! action ( ! load1 & ! latt] to a =ce ( t5sion2 !re=e1 :atev] be ! class or d5om9ation ( gird]s1 !y mu/ all be alike 9 am\nt ( effective mat]ial 9 ^! memb]s1 if _! spans & dep?s are ! same1 & !y h to su/a9 ! same am\nt ( load4 ,h5ce1 ! "q ( comp>ative m]it among/ ! diff]5t classes ( con/ruction ( beams or gird]s is really n>r[$ to ! me?od ( connect+ ! top & bottom webs1 s call$4 ,9 ! tubul> sy/em ! connexion is effect$ by cont9u\s boil] plates rivet$ toge!r2 & 9 ! lattice & trellis bridges by flat iron b>s1 m or less num]\s1 =m+ a s]ies ( /ruts & ties4 ,^? eng9e]s :o advocate ! employm5t ( ! latt] =m ( con/ruction1 set =? z its pr9cipal advantage ! sav+ ( mat]ial :i* is effect$ by employ+ b>s in/ead ( iron plates2 :]eas ,mr4 ,/eph5son & 8 foll[]s urge1 t 9 po9t ( economy ! boil] plate side is equal to ! b>s1 :il/ 9 po9t ( effective /r5g? & rigidity x is decid$ly sup]ior4 ,to %[ ! comp>ative economy ( mat]ial1 he contra/$ ! lattice gird] bridge ov] ! riv] ,tr5t1 on ! ,great ,nor!rn ,railway ne> ,new>k1 ) ! tubes ( ! ,victoria ,bridge4 ,9 ! =m] case1 :]e ! span is #bdj4e feet1 & ! bridge #ac feet wide1 ! weight includ+ be>+s is #bib tons2 9 ! latt]1 :]e ! span is #bdb feet1 ! wid? ( ! tube #af feet1 ! weight includ+ be>+s is #bge tons1 %[+ a balance 9 fav\r ( ! ,victoria ,tube ( #ag tons4 ,! comp>ison betwe5 ! ,new>k ,dyke ,bridge & ! ,tubul> ,bridge ov] ! riv] ,aire is equally fav\rable to ! latt]2 & no "o c h travell$ ov] ! ,great ,nor!rn l9e to ,york )\t not+ t1 z respects rigidity "u ! pass+ tra91 ! ,tubul> ,bridge is decid$ly sup]ior4 ,x is asc]ta9$ t ! deflection caus$ by a pass+ load is consid]ably great] 9 ! =m] case2 & ,mr4 ,/eph5son 0 also ( op9ion t ! sides ( all trellis or lattice gird]s are useless1 except = ! purpose ( connect+ ! top & bottom1 & keep+ !m 9 _! position4 ,!y dep5d ^u _! connexion ) ! top & bottom webs = _! own support2 & s9ce !y c\ld n su/a9 _! %ape1 b w\ld collapse imm$iately on _! be+ disconnect$ f _! top & bottom memb]s1 x is evid5t t !y add to ! /ra9 ^u !m1 & consequ5tly to t ext5t r$uce ! ultimate /r5g? ( ! beams4 ,i admit1 he add$1 t !re is no =mula = valu+ ! solid sides = /ra9s1 & t at pres5t we only ascribe to !m ! value or use ( connect+ ! top & bottom2 yet we are aw>e t1 f _! cont9uity & solidity1 !y are ( value to resi/ horizontal & _m o!r /ra9s1 indep5d5tly ( ! top & bottom1 by :i* !y add v mu* to ! /iffness ( ! beam2 & ! fact ( _! conta9+ m mat]ial ?an is necess>y to connect ! top & bottom webs1 has by no means be5 fairly e/abli%$4 ,ano!r important advantage ( ! ,tubul> bridge ov] ! ,trellis or ,lattice /ructure1 consi/s 9 its great] safety 9 ev5t ( a tra9 runn+ (f ! l9e1--a cont+5cy :i* has m ?an once occurr$ on a tubul> bridge )\t detrim5t1 :]eas 9 ev5t ( su* an accid5t occurr+ on a ,trellis or ,lattice bridge1 x mu/ infallibly be de/roy$4 ,:]e ! propos$ bridge is ( ! unusual l5g? ( a mile & a qu>t]1 x is obvi\s t ?is consid]ation mu/ h _h no small weight ) ! directors1 :o ev5tually decid$ on proce$+ ) ! ,tubul> ,bridge accord+ to ,mr4 ,/eph5son's orig9al design4 ,f ! fir/ projection ( ! ,victoria ,bridge1 ! difficulties ( execut+ su* a "w across a wide riv]1 d[n :i* an avalan*e ( ice ru%es to ! sea e spr+1 7 pron\nc$ almo/ insurm\ntable by ^? be/ acqua9t$ ) ! locality4 ,! ice ( two ?\s& miles ( inl& lakes & upp] riv]s1 besides _! tribut>ies1 is !n p\r$ d[n /ream1 &1 9 ! neighb\rhood ( ,montreal especially1 x is (t5 pil$ up to ! height ( f =ty to fifty feet1 plac+ ! surr\nd+ c\ntry "u wat]1 & do+ sev]e damage to ! massive /one build+s along ! noble riv] front ( ! city4 ,to resi/ s prodigi\s a pressure1 x 0 necess>y t ! pi]s ( ! propos$ bridge %\ld be ( ! mo/ solid & massive description4 ,_! f\ndations are plac$ 9 ! solid rock2 = none ( ! artificial me?ods ( obta9+ f\ndations1 sugge/$ by "s eng9e]s = *eapness' sake1 7 f\nd practicable 9 ?is case4 ,:]e ! =ce ex]cis$ aga9/ ! pi]s 0 likely to be s great1 x 0 felt t timb] ice-break]s1 timb] or ca/-iron pil+1 or ev5 rubble-"w1 w\ld h prov$ b tempor>y exp$i5ts4 ,! two c5tre pi]s are eighte5 feet wide1 & ! rema9+ tw5ty-two pi]s fifte5 feet2 to arre/ & break ! ice1 an incl9$ plane1 compos$ ( great blocks ( /one1 0 add$ to ! up-riv] side ( ea* pi]--ea* block weigh+ f sev5 to t5 tons1 & ! :ole 7 firmly clamp$ toge!r ) iron rivets4 ,to convey "s idea ( ! imm5se =ce :i* ^! pi]s are requir$ to resi/1 we may briefly describe ! break+ up ( ! ice 9 ,m>*1 #aheh1 :ile ! bridge 0 "u con/ruction4 ,f\rte5 out ( ! tw5ty-f\r pi]s 7 !n f9i%$1 toge!r ) ! =midable abutm5ts & approa*es to ! bridge4 ,! ice 9 ! riv] began to %[ signs ( weakness on ! #bi? ,m>*1 b x 0 n until ! #ca/ t a g5]al movem5t became obs]vable1 :i* cont9u$ = an h\r1 :5 x sudd5ly /opp$1 & ! wat] rose rapidly4 ,on ! foll[+ day1 at noon1 a gr& movem5t comm5c$2 ! wat]s rose ab\t f\r feet 9 two m9utes1 up to a level ) _m ( ! ,montreal /reets4 ,! fields ( ice at ! same "t 7 sudd5ly elevat$ to an incr$ible height2 & s ov]:elm+ 7 !y 9 appe>ance1 t cr[ds ( ! t[nspeople1 :o _h assembl$ on ! quay to wat* ! progress ( ! flood1 ran = _! lives4 ,?is movem5t la/$ ab\t tw5ty m9utes1 dur+ :i* ! jamm$ ice de/roy$ sev]al portions ( ! quay-wall1 gr9d+ ! h>de/ blocks to atoms4 ,! embank$ approa*es to ! ,victoria ,bridge _h trem5d\s =ces to resi/4 ,9 ! full *annel ( ! /ream1 ! ice 9 its passage betwe5 ! pi]s 0 brok5 up by ! =ce ( ! bl[ imm$iately on its com+ 9 contact ) ! cutwat]s4 ,sometimes ?ick %eets ( ice 7 se5 to rise up & re> on end aga9/ ! pi]s1 b by ! =ce ( ! curr5t !y 7 spe$ily made to roll ov] into ! /ream1 & 9 a mom5t aft] 7 out ( sight4 ,= ! two next days ! riv] 0 /ill high1 until on ! #d? ,april ! wat]s seem$ sudd5ly to give way1 & by ! foll[+ day ! riv] 0 fl[+ cle> & smoo? z a millpond1 no?+ ( w9t] rema9+ except ! masses ( bordage ice :i* 7 /rewn along ! %ores ( ! /ream4 ,on exam9ation ( ! pi]s ( ! bridge1 x 0 f\nd t !y _h admirably resi/$ ! trem5d\s pressure2 & ?\gh ! timb] cribwork erect$ to facilitate ! plac+ ( float+ pontoons to =m ! dams1 0 f\nd consid]ably di/urb$ & 9 "s places s]i\sly damag$1 ! pi]s1 ) ! exception ( "o or two heavy /one blocks1 :i* 7 /ill unf9i%$1 escap$ un9jur$4 ,"o heavy block ( _m tons' weight 0 c>ri$ to a consid]able di/ance1 & mu/ h be5 torn out ( its place by %e] =ce1 z sev]al ( ! brok5 fragm5ts 7 f\nd left 9 ! pi]4 ,! works 9 connection ) ! ,victoria ,bridge 7 begun on ! #bbnd ,july1 #ahed1 :5 ! fir/ /one 0 laid1 & cont9u$ un9t]rupt$ly dur+ a p]iod ( #e4e ye>s1 until ! #ag? ,decemb]1 #ahei1 :5 ! bridge 0 f9i%$ & tak5 (f ! contractor's h&s4 ,x 0 =mally op5$ = traffic e>ly 9 #ahfj2 ?\gh ,rob]t ,/eph5son did n live to see its completion4 ,! tubul> sy/em 0 also appli$ by ! same eng9e]1 9 a modifi$ =m1 9 ! two bridges across ! ,nile1 ne> ,damietta 9 ,l[] ,egypt4 ,t ne> ,b5ha conta9s eight spans or op5+s ( #hj feet ea*1 & two c5tre spans1 =m$ by "o ( ! l>ge/ sw+ bridges ev] con/ruct$1--! total l5g? ( ! sw+-beam be+ #aeg feet1--a cle> wat]-way ( #fj feet be+ provid$ on ei!r side ( ! c5tre pi]4 ,! only novelty 9 ^! bridges consi/$ 9 ! road be+ c>ri$ ^u ! tubes in/ead ( )9 !m2 _! erection be+ c>ri$ out 9 ! usual mann]1 by means ( workm51 mat]ials1 & plant s5t out f ,engl&4 ,dur+ ! lat] ye>s ( 8 life1 ,mr4 ,/eph5son took consid]able int]e/ 9 public affairs & 9 sci5tific inve/igations4 ,9 #ahdg he ent]$ ! ,h\se ( ,commons z memb] = ,:itby2 b he does n seem to h be5 v devot$ 9 8 att5dance1 & only appe>$ on divisions :5 !re 0 a :ip ( ! p>ty to :i* he belong$4 ,he 0 a memb] ( ! ,sanit>y & ,sewage ,commissions1 & ( ! ,commission :i* sat on ,we/m9/] ,bridge4 ,! la/ occasions on :i* he address$ ! ,h\se 7 on ! ,suez ,canal & ! cleans+ ( ! ,s]p5t9e4 ,he pron\nc$ ! ,suez ,canal to be an impracticable s*eme4 ,i h survey$ ! l9e1 said he1 ,i h travell$ ! :ole di/ance on foot1 & ,i decl>e !re is no fall betwe5 ! two seas4 ,hon\rable memb]s talk ab\t a canal4 ,a canal is impossible--! ?+ w\ld only be a dit*4 ,besides con/ruct+ ! railway betwe5 ,alex&ria & ,cairo1 he 0 consult$1 l 8 fa!r1 by ! ,k+ ( ,belgium1 z to ! railways ( t c\ntry2 & he 0 made ,knight ( ! ,ord] ( ,leopold because ( ! improvem5ts :i* he _h made 9 locomotive eng9es1 s mu* to ! advantage ( ! ,belgian sy/em ( inl& transit4 ,he 0 consult$ by ! ,k+ ( ,sw$5 z to ! railway betwe5 ,*ri/iana & ,lake ,mios51 & 9 consid]ation ( 8 s]vices 0 decorat$ ) ! ,gr& ,cross ( ! ,ord] ( ,/4 ,olaf4 ,he also visit$ ,switz]l&1 ,pi$mont1 & ,d5m>k1 to advise z to ! sy/em ( railway communication be/ suit$ = ^? c\ntries4 ,at ! ,p>is ,exhibition ( #ahee ! ,emp]or ( ,france decorat$ him ) ! ,legion ( ,hon\r 9 consid]ation ( 8 public s]vices2 & at home ! ,univ]sity ( ,ox=d made him a ,doctor ( ,civil ,laws4 ,9 #ahee he 0 elect$ ,presid5t ( ! ,in/itute ( ,civil ,eng9e]s1 :i* (fice he held ) hon\r & fill$ ) di/+ui%$ ability = two ye>s1 giv+ place to 8 fri5d ,mr4 ,locke at ! end ( #aheg4 ,mr4 ,/eph5son 0 frequ5tly call$ ^u to act z arbitrator betwe5 contractors & railway companies1 or betwe5 "o company & ano!r1--great value be+ atta*$ to 8 op9ion on acc\nt ( 8 weighty judgm5t1 8 great exp]i5ce1 & 8 upright "*1 & we believe 8 decisions 7 inv>iably /amp$ by ! qualities ( imp>tiality & ju/ice4 ,he 0 always ready to l5d a help+ h& to a fri5d1 & no petty jeal\sy /ood betwe5 him & 8 rivals 9 ! eng9e]+ _w4 ,! au?or rememb]s be+ ) ,mr4 ,/eph5son "o ev5+ at 8 h\se 9 ,gl\ce/] ,squ>e1 :5 a note 0 put into 8 h&s f 8 fri5d ,brunel1 !n engag$ 9 8 fir/ fruitless ef=ts to laun* ! ,great ,ea/]n4 ,x 0 to ask ,/eph5son to come d[n to ,blackwall e>ly next morn+1 & give him ! b5efit ( 8 judgm5t4 ,%ortly aft] six next morn+ ,/eph5son 0 9 ,scott ,russell's build+-y>d1 & he rema9$ !re until dusk4 ,ab\t midday1 :ile sup]9t5d+ ! laun*+ op]ations1 ! baulk ( timb] on :i* he /ood cant$ up1 & he fell up to 8 middle 9 ! ,?ames mud4 ,he 0 dress$ z usual1 )\t great-coat 7?\gh ! day 0 bitt] cold71 & ) only ?9 boots ^u 8 feet4 ,he 0 urg$ to leave ! y>d1 & *ange 8 dress1 or at lea/ dry himself2 b ) 8 usual disreg>d ( heal?1 he repli$1 ,oh1 nev] m9d me--,i'm q us$ to ?is sort ( ?+2 & he w5t paddl+ ab\t 9 ! mud1 smok+ 8 cig>1 until almo/ d>k1 :5 ! day's "w 0 br\ght to an end4 ,! result ( ?is exposure 0 an attack ( inflammation ( ! lungs1 :i* kept him to 8 b$ = a =tnight4 ,he 0 habitually c>eless ( 8 heal?1 & p]haps he indulg$ 9 n>cotics to a prejudicial ext5t4 ,h5ce he (t5 became hipp$ & sometimes ill4 ,:5 ,mr4 ,sop) accompani$ him to ,egypt 9 ! ,titania1 9 #ahef1 he succe$$ 9 p]suad+ ,mr4 ,/eph5son to limit 8 indulg5ce 9 cig>s & /imulants1 & ! consequ5ce 0 t by ! end ( ! voyage he felt himself1 z he said1 q a new man4 ,arriv$ at ,m>seilles1 he telegraph$ f !nce a message to ,great ,george ,/reet1 prescrib+ c]ta9 /r+5t & salut>y rules = obs]vance 9 ! (fice !re on 8 return4 ,b he 0 ( a facile1 social disposition1 & ! old associations prov$ too /rong = him4 ,:5 he sail$ = ,norway1 9 ! autumn ( #ahei1 ?\gh !n ail+ 9 heal?1 he look$ a man :o _h /ill pl5ty ( life 9 him4 ,by ! "t he return$1 8 fatal illness _h seiz$ him4 ,he 0 attack$ by conge/ion ( ! liv]1 :i* fir/ develop$ itself 9 jaundice1 & !n ran into dropsy1 ( :i* he di$ on ! #ab? ,octob]1 9 ! fifty-six? ye> ( 8 age4 #cfh ,he 0 buri$ by ! side ( ,tel=d 9 ,we/m9/] ,abbey1 amid/ ! dep>t$ great m5 ( 8 c\ntry1 & 0 att5d$ to 8 re/+-place by _m ( ! intimate fri5ds ( 8 boyhood & 8 manhood4 ,among ^? :o assembl$ r\nd 8 grave 7 "s ( ! greate/ m5 ( ?\ght & action 9 ,engl&1 :o embrac$ ! sad occasion to pay ! la/ m>k ( _! respect to ?is illu/ri\s son ( "o ( ,engl&'s greate/ work+ m54 ,picture3 ,rob]t ,/eph5son's ,burial-place 9 ,we/m9/] ,abbey ,x w\ld be out ( keep+ ) ! subject ?us drawn to a conclusion1 to pron\nce any panegyric on ! "* & a*ievem5ts ( ,george & ,rob]t ,/eph5son4 ,^! = ! mo/ "p speak = !mselves4 ,bo? 7 emphatically true m51 exhibit+ 9 _! lives _m /]l+ qualities4 ,no beg9n+ c\ld h be5 less promis+ ?an t ( ! eld] ,/eph5son4 ,born 9 a poor condition1 yet ri* 9 _s1 he 0 f ! fir/ compell$ to rely ^u himself2 & e /ep ( advance :i* he made 0 conqu]$ by pati5t lab\r4 ,:e!r work+ z a brakesman or an eng9e]1 8 m9d 0 always full ( ! "w 9 h&4 ,he gave himself ?or\ghly up to x4 ,l ! pa9t]1 he might say t he _h become great by neglect+ no?+4 ,:atev] he 0 engag$ ^u1 he 0 z c>eful ( ! details z if ea* 7 itself ! :ole4 ,he did all ?or\ghly & hone/ly4 ,!re 0 no scamp+ ) him4 ,:5 a workman he put 8 bra9s & lab\r into 8 "w2 & :5 a ma/] he put 8 consci5ce & "* into x4 ,he w\ld h no slop-"w execut$ m]ely = ! sake ( pr(it4 ,! mat]ials mu/ be z g5u9e z ! workman%ip 0 skilful4 ,! /ructures :i* he design$ & execut$ 7 di/+ui%$ = _! ?or\ghness & solidity2 8 locomotives 7 fam\s = _! durability & excell5t work+ qualities4 ,! eng9es :i* he s5t to ! ,unit$ ,/ates 9 #ahcb are /ill 9 good condition2 & ev5 ! eng9es built by him = ! ,kill+wor? ,colli]y1 upw>ds ( ?irty ye>s ago1 are work+ /eadily !re to ?is day4 ,all 8 "w 0 hone/1 repres5t+ ! actual "* ( ! man4 ,he 0 ready to turn 8 h& to any?+--%oes & clocks1 railways & locomotives4 ,he contriv$ 8 safety-lamp ) ! object ( sav+ pitm5's lives1 & p]ill$ 8 own life 9 te/+ x4 ,:atev] "w 0 ne>e/ him1 he turn$ to & did x4 ,) him to resolve 0 to d4 ,_m m5 knew f> m ?an he2 b none 7 m ready =?) to apply :at he did "k to practical purposes4 ,x 0 :ile work+ at ,will+ton z a brakes-man1 t he fir/ le>nt h[ be/ to h&le a spade 9 ?r[+ balla/ out ( ! %ips' holds4 ,?is casual employm5t seems to h left ^u 8 m9d ! /ronge/ impression ( :at h>d "w 02 & he (t5 us$ to rev]t to x1 & say to ! "y m5 ab\t him1 ,ah1 ye lads6 !re's none o' ye "k :at w>k is4 ,mr4 ,goo* says he 0 pr\d ( ! dext]ity 9 h&l+ a spade :i* he _h ?us acquir$1 & t he has frequ5tly se5 him take ! %ovel f a lab\r] 9 "s railway cutt+1 & %[ him h[ to use x m deftly 9 fill+ waggons ( e>?1 gravel1 or s&4 ,sir ,jo%ua ,walmsley has also in=m$ u1 t1 :5 exam9+ ! works ( ! ,orleans & ,t\rs ,railway1 ,mr4 ,/eph5son1 see+ a l>ge numb] ( excavators fill+ & :eel+ s& 9 a cutt+1 at a great wa/e ( "t & lab\r1 w5t up to ! m5 & said he w\ld %[ !m h[ to fill _! b>r[s 9 half ! "t4 ,he %[$ !m ! prop] position 9 :i* to /& s z to ex]cise ! greate/ am\nt ( p[] ) ! lea/ exp5diture ( /r5g?2 & he fill$ ! b>r[ ) comp>ative ease aga9 & aga9 9 _! pres5ce1 to ! great delight ( ! workm54 ,:5 pass+ ?r\gh 8 own work%ops1 he w\ld po9t out to 8 m5 h[ to save lab\r1 & to get ?r\gh _! "w skilfully & ) ease4 ,8 en]gy imp>t$ itself to o!rs1 quick5+ & influ5c+ !m z /rong *>act]s always d--fl[+ d[n into !irs1 & br++ out _! be/ p[]s4 ,8 deportm5t t[>ds ! workm5 employ$ "u him 0 famili>1 yet firm & consi/5t4 ,z he respect$ _! manhood1 s did !y respect 8 ma/]hood4 ,al?\gh he comport$ himself t[>ds 8 m5 z if !y occupi$ v mu* ! same level z himself1 he yet possess$ t peculi> capacity = gov]n+ :i* enabl$ him always to pres]ve among !m ! /ricte/ discipl9e1 & to secure _! *e]ful & he>ty s]vices4 ,mr4 ,+ham1 ,m4,p4 = ,s\? ,%ields1 on go+ ov] ! work%ops at ,newca/le1 0 p>ticul>ly /ruck ) ?is quality ( ! ma/] 9 8 be>+ t[>ds 8 m54 ,!re 0 no?+1 said he1 ( undue famili>ity 9 _! int]c\rse1 b !y spoke to ea* o!r z man to man2 & no?+ seem$ to please ! ma/] m ?an to po9t out illu/rations ( ! +5uity ( 8 artisans4 ,he took up a rivet1 & expatiat$ on ! skill ) :i* x _h be5 fa%ion$ by ! workman's h&--its p]fectness & tru?4 ,he 0 always pr\d ( 8 workm5 & 8 pupils2 &1 :ile indiff]5t & c>eless z to :at might be said ( himself1 he fir$ up 9 a mom5t if disp>agem5t 7 ?r[n ^u any "o :om he _h taught or tra9$4 ,9 mann]1 ,george ,/eph5son 0 simple1 mode/1 & unassum+1 b always manly4 ,he 0 frank & social 9 _s4 ,:5 a humble workman1 he _h c>efully pres]v$ 8 s5se ( self-respect4 ,8 companions look$ up to him1 & 8 example 0 wor? ev5 m to _m ( !m ?an books or s*ools4 ,8 devot$ love ( k made 8 pov]ty respectable1 & adorn$ 8 humble call+4 ,:5 he rose to a m elevat$ /ation1 & associat$ ) m5 ( ! highe/ position & influ5ce 9 ,brita91 he took 8 place among/ !m ) p]fect self-possession4 ,!y wond]$ at ! quiet ease & simple dignity ( 8 deportm5t2 & m5 9 ! be/ ranks ( life h said ( him t ,he 0 "o ( ,nature's g5tlem54 ,probably no milit>y *iefs 7 ev] m belov$ by _! soldi]s ?an 7 bo? fa!r & son by ! army ( m5 :o1 "u _! guidance1 work$ at lab\rs ( pr(it1 made lab\rs ( love by _! e>ne/ w & purpose4 ,true lead]s ( m5 & lords ( indu/ry1 !y 7 always ready to recognise & enc\rage tal5t 9 ^? :o work$ = & ) !m4 ,?us x 0 pleasant1 at ! op5+s ( ! ,/eph5son l9es1 to he> ! *ief eng9e]s attribut+ ! successful completion ( ! works to _! able assi/ants2 :il/ ! assi/ants1 on ! o!r h&1 ascrib$ ! glory to _! *iefs4 ,mr4 ,/eph5son1 ?\gh a ?rifty & frugal man1 0 ess5tially unsordid4 ,8 rugg$ pa? 9 e>ly life made him c>eful ( 8 res\rces4 ,he nev] sav$ to ho>d1 b sav$ = a purpose1 su* z ! ma9t5ance ( 8 p>5ts or ! education ( 8 son4 ,9 lat] ye>s he became a prosp]\s & ev5 a weal?y man2 b ri*es nev] clos$ 8 he>t1 nor /ole away ! ela/icity ( 8 s\l4 ,he enjoy$ life *e]fully1 because hopefully4 ,:5 he ent]$ ^u a comm]cial ent]prise1 :e!r = o!rs or = himself1 he look$ c>efully at ! ways & means4 ,unless !y w\ld pay1 he held back4 ,he w\ld h no?+ to d1 he decl>$1 ) /ock-jobb+ speculations4 ,8 refusal to sell 8 "n to ! s*emes ( ! railway mania--8 survey ( ! ,spani% l9es )\t remun]ation--8 (f] to po/pone 8 claim = paym5t f a poor company until _! affairs became m prosp]\s--are in/ances ( ! unsordid _s 9 :i* he act$4 ,ano!r m>k$ feature 9 ,mr4 ,/eph5son's "* 0 8 pati5ce4 ,not)/&+ ! /r5g? ( 8 convictions z to ! great uses to :i* ! locomotive might be appli$1 he wait$ long & pati5tly = ! opportunity ( br++ x into notice2 & = ye>s aft] he _h complet$ an effici5t eng9e he w5t on quietly devot+ himself to ! ord9>y "w ( ! colli]y4 ,he made no noise nor /ir ab\t 8 locomotive1 b all[$ ano!r to take cr$it = ! exp]im5ts on velocity & friction made ) x by himself ^u ! ,kill+wor? railroad4 ,by pati5t indu/ry & labori\s contrivance1 he 0 enabl$1 ) ! p[]ful help ( 8 son1 to d = ! locomotive :at ,james ,watt _h done = ! cond5s+ eng9e4 ,he f\nd x clumsy & ineffici5t2 & he made x p[]ful1 effici5t1 & useful4 ,bo? h be5 describ$ z ! improv]s ( _! respective eng9es2 b1 z to all t is admirable 9 _! /ructure or va/ 9 _! utility1 !y are r entitl$ to be describ$ z _! ,inv5tors4 ,:ile ! inv5tion ( ,watt increas$ ! p[]1 & at ! same "t s regulat$ ! action ( ! /eam-eng9e1 z to make x capable ( be+ appli$ alike to ! h>de/ "w & to ! f9e/ manufactures1 ! inv5tion ( ,/eph5son gave an effective p[] to ! locomotive1 :i* enabl$ x to p]=m ! "w ( teams ( ! mo/ p[]ful horses1 & to out/rip ! spe$ ( ! fleete/4 ,watt's inv5tion ex]cis$ a wond]fully quick5+ influ5ce on e bran* ( indu/ry1 & multipli$ a ?\s&-fold ! am\nt ( manufactur$ productions2 & ,/eph5son's enabl$ ^! to be di/ribut$ ) an economy & despat* su* z _h nev] be=e be5 ?\ght possible4 ,!y h bo? t5d$ to increase indef9itely ! mass ( human com=ts & enjoym5ts1 & to r5d] !m *eap & accessible to all4 ,b ,/eph5son's inv5tion1 by ! influ5ce :i* x is daily ex]cis+ ^u ! civilisation ( ! _w1 is ev5 m rem>kable ?an t ( ,watt1 & is calculat$ to h /ill m important consequ5ces4 ,9 ?is respect1 x is to be reg>d$ z ! gr&e/ application ( /eam p[] t has yet be5 discov]$4 ,! ,locomotive1 l ! cond5s+ eng9e1 exhibits ! realisation ( v>i\s capital1 b :olly di/9ct1 ideas1 promulgat$ by _m +5i\s inv5tors4 ,/eph5son1 l ,watt1 exhibit$ a p[] ( selection1 comb9ation1 & inv5tion ( 8 own1 by :i*--:ile avail+ himself ( all t _h be5 done be=e him1 & sup]add+ ! _m skilful contrivances devis$ by himself--he 0 at l5g? enabl$ to br+ 8 eng9e into a condition ( m>vell\s p[] & effici5cy4 ,he ga!r$ toge!r ! scatt]$ ?reads ( +5uity :i* already exi/$1 & comb9$ !m into "o firm & complete fabric ( 8 own4 ,he realis$ ! plans :i* o!rs _h imp]fectly =m$2 & 0 ! fir/ to con/ruct1 :at s _m o!rs _h unsuccessfully attempt$1 ! practical & economical work+ locomotive4 ,mr4 ,/eph5son's close & accurate obs]vation provid$ him ) a fulness ( in=mation on _m subjects1 :i* (t5 appe>$ surpris+ to ^? :o _h devot$ to !m a special /udy4 ,on "o occasion ! accuracy ( 8 k ( birds came out 9 a curi\s way at a convivial meet+ ( railway m5 9 ,london4 ,! eng9e]s & railway directors pres5t knew ea* o!r z railway m5 & no?+ m4 ,! talk _h be5 all ( railways & railway politics4 ,mr4 ,/eph5son 0 a great talk] on ^? subjects1 & 0 g5]ally all[$1 f ! int]e/ ( 8 conv]sation & ! ext5t ( 8 exp]i5ce1 to take ! lead4 ,at l5g? "o ( ! p>ty broke 9 ) ,come n[1 ,/eph5son1 we h _h no?+ b railways2 _c we h a *ange & try if we c talk a little ab\t some?+ else8 ,well1 said ,mr4 ,/eph5son1 ,i'll give y a wide range ( subjects2 :at %all x be ab\t8 ,say birds' ne/s6 rejo9$ ! o!r1 :o prid$ himself on 8 special k ( ?is subject4 ,!n birds' ne/s be x4 ,a long & animat$ conv]sation ensu$3 ! bird-ne/+ ( 8 boyhood1 ! blackbird's ne/ :i* 8 fa!r _h held him up 9 8 arms to look at :5 a *ild at ,wylam1 ! h$ges 9 :i* he _h f\nd ! ?ru%'s & ! l9net's ne/s1 ! mossy bank :]e ! rob9 built1 ! cleft 9 ! bran* ( ! "y tree :]e ! *aff9* _h re>$ its dwell+--all rose up cle> 9 8 m9d's eye1 & l$ him back to ! sc5es ( 8 boyhood at ,call]ton & ,dewley ,burn4 ,! col\r & numb] ( ! bird's eggs1 ! p]iod ( _! incubation1 ! mat]ials employ$ by !m = ! walls & l9+ ( _! ne/s1 7 describ$ by him s vividly1 & illu/rat$ by su* graphic anecdotes1 t "o ( ! p>ty rem>k$ t1 if ,george ,/eph5son _h n be5 ! greate/ eng9e] ( 8 day1 he might h be5 "o ( ! greate/ naturali/s4 ,8 p[]s ( conv]sation 7 v great4 ,he 0 s ?\ghtful1 s orig9al1 & s sugge/ive4 ,!re 0 sc>cely a dep>tm5t ( sci5ce on :i* he _h n =m$ "s novel & sometimes d>+ !ory4 ,?us ,mr4 ,goo*1 8 pupil1 :o liv$ ) him :5 at ,liv]pool1 in=ms u t :5 sitt+ ov] ! fire1 he w\ld frequ5tly broa* 8 fav\rite !ory ( ! sun's light & heat be+ ! orig9al s\rce ( ! light & heat giv5 =? by ! burn+ coal4 ,x f$ ! plants ( :i* t coal is made1 he w\ld say1 & has be5 bottl$ up 9 ! e>? ev] s9ce1 to be giv5 out aga9 n[ = ! use ( man4 ,8 son ,rob]t once said ( him1 ,my fa!r fla%$ 8 bull's eye full ^u a subject1 & br\ght x out 9 its mo/ vivid light 9 an in/ant3 8 /rong common s5se1 & 8 v>i$ exp]i5ce op]at+ ^u a ?\ghtful m9d1 7 8 mo/ p[]ful illum9ators4 ,mr4 ,/eph5son _h once a conv]sation ) a wat*mak]1 :om he a/oni%$ by ! ext5t & m9ut5ess ( 8 k z to ! p>ts ( a wat*4 ,! wat*mak] knew him to be an em95t eng9e]1 & ask$ him h[ he _h acquir$ s ext5sive a k ( a bran* ( bus9ess s mu* out ( 8 sph]e4 ,x is v easy to be expla9$1 said ,mr4 ,/eph5son2 ,i work$ long at wat*-clean+ myself1 & :5 ,i 0 at a loss1 ,i 0 nev] a%am$ to ask = in=mation4 ,t[>ds ! close ( 8 life he frequ5tly w5t d[n to ,newca/le1 & visit$ ! sc5es ( 8 boyhood4 ,i h be5 to ,call]ton1 said he "o day to a fri5d1 & se5 ! fields 9 :i* ,i us$ to pull turnips at twop5ce a day2 & _m a cold f+]1 ,i c tell y1 ,i _h4 ,8 h& 0 op5 to 8 =m] fell[-workm5 :om old age _h left 9 pov]ty4 ,to poor ,rob]t ,gray1 ( ,newburn1 :o act$ z 8 bridesman on 8 m>riage to ,fanny ,h5d]son1 he left a p5sion = life4 ,he w\ld slip a five-p\nd note into ! h& ( a poor man or a wid[ 9 su* a way z n to (f5d _! delicacy1 b to make !m feel z if ! obligation 7 all on 8 side4 ,:5 ,f>m] ,pat]son1 :o m>ri$ a si/] ( ,george's fir/ wife1 ,fanny ,h5d]son1 di$ & left a l>ge "y family fa!rless1 pov]ty />$ !m 9 ! face4 ,b ye k51 said our in=mant1 ,george /ruck 9 fay!r = !m4 ,& p]haps ! provid5tial "* ( ! act c\ld n h be5 m graphically express$ ?an 9 ^! simple words4 ,on 8 visit to ,newca/le1 he w\ld frequ5tly meet ! fri5ds ( 8 e>ly days1 occupy+ v ne>ly ! same /ation1 :il/ he _h mean:ile ris5 to almo/ _w-wide fame4 ,b he 0 no less he>ty 9 8 greet+ ( !m ?an if _! relative position _h cont9u$ ! same4 ,?us1 "o day1 aft] %ak+ h&s ) ,mr4 ,br&l+ on alight+ f 8 c>riage1 he proce$$ to %ake h&s ) 8 coa*man1 ,an?ony ,wigham1 a /ill old] fri5d1 ?\gh he only sat on ! box4 ,rob]t ,/eph5son inh]it$ 8 fa!r's k9dly _s & b5evol5t disposition4 ,he almo/ wor%ipp$ 8 fa!r's memory1 & 0 ev] ready to attribute to him ! *ief m]it ( 8 own a*ievem5ts z an eng9e]4 ,x 0 8 ?or\gh tra9+1 we once he>d him say1 8 example1 & 8 "*1 :i* made me ! man ,i am4 ,on a m public occasion he said1 ,x is my great pride to rememb]1 t :atev] may h be5 done1 & h[ev] ext5sive may h be5 my own connection ) railway developm5t1 all ,i "k & all ,i h done is prim>ily due to ! p>5t ^: memory ,i *]i% & rev]e4 #cgg ,to ,mr4 ,l\gh1 ! sculptor1 he said he _h nev] _h b two loves--"o = 8 fa!r1 ! o!r = 8 wife4 ,l 8 fa!r1 he 0 em95tly practical1 & yet always op5 to ! influ5ce & guidance ( correct !ory4 ,8 ma9 consid]ation 9 lay+ out 8 l9es ( railway 0 :at w\ld be/ answ] ! int5d$ purpose1 or1 to use 8 own words1 to secure ! maximum ( result ) ! m9imum ( means4 ,he 0 pre-em95tly a safe man1 because cauti\s1 t5tative1 & exp]im5tal2 foll[+ closely ! l9es ( conduct trodd5 by 8 fa!r1 & (t5 quot+ 8 maxims4 ,9 society ,rob]t ,/eph5son 0 simple1 unobtrusive1 & mode/2 b *>m+ & ev5 fasc9at+ 9 an em95t degree4 ,sir ,john ,lawr5ce has said ( him t he 01 ( all o!rs1 ! man he mo/ delight$ to meet 9 ,engl&--he 0 s manly1 yet g5tle1 & )al s great4 ,:ile admir$ & belov$ by m5 ( su* calibre1 he 0 equally a fav\rite ) wom5 & *ildr54 ,he put himself ^u ! level ( all1 & *>m$ !m no less by 8 inexpressible k9dl9ess ( mann] ?an by 8 simple yet impressive conv]sation4 ,8 great weal? enabl$ him to p]=m _m g5]\s acts 9 a "r noble & yet mode/ mann]1 n lett+ 8 "r h& "k :at 8 left h& did4 ,( ! num]\s k9dly acts ( 8 :i* h be5 made public1 we may m5tion ! graceful mann] 9 :i* he repaid ! obligations :i* bo? himself & 8 fa!r ow$ to ! ,newca/le ,lit]>y & ,philosophical ,in/itute1 :5 work+ toge!r z humble exp]im5t]s 9 _! cottage at ,kill+wor?4 ,! ,in/itute 0 /ruggl+ "u a debt ( #fbjj p\nds :i* s]i\sly impair$ its usefulness z an educational ag5cy4 ,rob]t ,/eph5son (f]$ to pay "o-half ( ! sum1 provid$ ! local support]s ( ! ,in/itute w\ld raise ! rema9d]2 & conditional also on ! annual subscription be+ r$uc$ f two gu9eas to "o1 9 ord] t ! usefulness ( ! in/itution might be ext5d$4 ,! g5]\s (f] 0 accept$1 & ! debt ext+ui%$4 ,bo? fa!r & son 7 (f]$ knigh?ood1 & bo? decl9$ x4 ,dur+ ! summ] ( #ahdg1 ,george ,/eph5son 0 invit$ to (f] himself z a c&idate = ! repres5tation ( ,s\? ,%ields 9 ,p>liam5t4 ,b 8 politics 7 at be/ ( a v undef9$ sort2 inde$ 8 life _h be5 s mu* occupi$ ) subjects ( a practical "*1 t he _h sc>cely tr\bl$ himself to =m any decid$ op9ion on ! p>ty political topics ( ! day1 & to /& ! cross fire ( ! electors on ! hu/+s might h be5 f\nd an ev5 m di/ress+ ordeal ?an ! cross-que/ion+ ( ! b>ri/]s 9 ! ,committees ( ! ,h\se ( ,commons4 ,politics1 he us$ to say1 are all matt]s ( !ory--!re is no /ability 9 !m3 !y %ift ab\t l ! s&s ( ! sea3 & ,i %\ld feel q out ( my elem5t among/ !m4 ,he _h accord+ly ! good s5se respectfully to decl9e ! hon\r ( conte/+ ! repres5tation ( ,s\? ,%ields4 ,we h1 h[ev]1 be5 in=m$ by ,sir ,joseph ,paxton1 t al?\gh ,george ,/eph5son held no /rong op9ions on political que/ions g5]ally1 !re 0 "o "q on :i* he ent]ta9$ a decid$ conviction1 & t 0 ! "q ( ,free-trade4 ,! words us$ by him on "o occasion to ,sir ,joseph 7 v /rong4 ,engl&1 said he1 is1 & mu/ be a %opkeep]2 & our docks & h>b\rs are only s _m :olesale %ops1 ! doors ( :i* %\ld always be kept wide op54 ,x is curi\s t 8 son ,rob]t %\ld h tak5 precisely ! opposite view ( ?is "q1 & act$ ?r\gh\t ) ! mo/ rigid p>ty among/ ! protectioni/s1 support+ ! ,navigation ,laws & oppos+ ,free ,trade4 ,b ,rob]t ,/eph5son w be judg$ 9 aft] times by 8 a*ievem5ts z an eng9e]1 r ?an by 8 acts z a politician2 & happily ^! la/ 7 f> outweigh$ 9 value by ! imm5se practical s]vices :i* he r5d]$ to trade1 comm]ce1 & civilisation1 ?r\gh ! facilities :i* ! railways con/ruct$ by him af=d$ = free int]communication betwe5 m5 9 all p>ts ( ! _w4 ,speak+ 9 ! mid/ ( 8 fri5ds at ,newca/le1 9 #ahej1 he obs]v$3-- ,x seems to me b z ye/]day t ,i 0 engag$ z an assi/ant 9 lay+ out ! ,/ockton & ,d>l+ton ,railway4 ,s9ce !n1 ! ,liv]pool & ,man*e/] & a hundr$ o!r great works h sprung into exi/5ce4 ,z ,i look back ^u ^! /up5d\s und]tak+s1 accompli%$ 9 s %ort a "t1 x seems z ?\gh we _h realis$ 9 our g5]ation ! fabl$ p[]s ( ! magician's w&4 ,hills h be5 cut d[n & valleys fill$ up2 & :5 ^! simple exp$i5ts h n suffic$1 high & magnific5t viaducts h be5 rais$1 & if m\nta9s /ood 9 ! way1 tunnels ( unexampl$ magnitude h pi]c$ !m ?r\gh1 be>+ _! triumphant atte/ation to ! indomitable en]gy ( ! nation1 & ! unrivall$ skill ( our artisans4 ,z respects ! imm5se advantages ( railways to mank9d1 !re _c be two op9ions4 ,!y exhibit1 probably1 ! gr&e/ organisation ( capital & lab\r t ! _w has yet se54 ,al?\gh !y h unhappily occasion$ great loss to _m1 ! loss has be5 t ( individuals2 :il/1 z a national sy/em1 ! ga9 has already be5 enorm\s4 ,z t5d+ to multiply & spread abroad ! conv5i5ces ( life1 op5+ up new fields ( indu/ry1 br++ nations ne>] to ea* o!r1 & ?us promot+ ! great ends ( civilisation1 ! f\nd+ ( ! railway sy/em by ,george ,/eph5son & 8 son mu/ be reg>d$ z "o ( ! mo/ important ev5ts1 if n ! v greate/1 9 ! fir/ half ( ?is n9ete5? c5tury4 ,picture3 ,! ,/eph5son ,memorial ,s*ools1 ,will+ton ,quay ,,index4 ,,accid5ts 9 coal-m9es1 #hi1 #aai4 ,adam1 ,mr41 c\nsel = ,liv]pool & ,man*e/] ,railway1 #afj1 #aff4 ,ald]son1 ,mr4 7aft]w>ds ,b>on71 #afj1 #afc1 #afe1 #afh4 ,alton ,grange1 ,g4 ,/eph5son's resid5ce at1 #bcd-f1 #bfc4 ,amb]gate ,railway slip1 #bei2 ,lime-works1 #bgh4 ,anna1 ,santa1 m9es at1 #aif4 ,arnold1 ,dr41 on ,railways1 #bgc4 ,a%by-de-la-,z\*1 #bcc4 ,atmosph]ic ,railway sy/em1 #bhf1 #cjh4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,beaumont1 ,mr41 8 wood5 waggon-ways1 #e4 ,belgium1 ,g4 ,/eph5son's visit to1 #bif4 ,b5ton ,colli]y & village1 #dd1 #dg1 #ea1 #fa4 ,b]wick ,royal ,bord] ,bridge1 #caa4 ,birds & bird-ne/+1 #ae1 #ag1 #be1 #eh1 #cec1 #cge4 ,birm+ham & ,d]by ,railway1 #bfh4 ,bi%op ,auckl& coal-field1 #abc4 ,black ,call]ton1 #ah1 #bf1 #bi1 #cb4 ,blackett1 ,mr41 ,wylam1 #ac1 #gd4 ,bla/1 inv5tion ( ! ,/eam1 #he1 #bjh1 #baa4 ,bl5k9sop's ,locomotive1 #gb1 #hj4 ,bliswor? ,cutt+1 #bdc4 ,boil]1 multi-tubul>1 #baj4 ,boo?1 ,h5ry1 ,liv]pool1 #baj1 #bbb4 ,brad%aw1 ,mr41 opposes ,liv]pool & ,man*e/] l9e1 #aee4 ,brai?waite1 ,isaac1 ,locomotive1 #bad1 #bcj4 ,brake+ coal-eng9e1 #bg1 #cf1 #dj4 ,br&l+1 ,messrs41 #aje1 #cab4 ,br&re?'s ,locomotive1 ,cyclop$1 #bad4 ,bridges1 ,railway1 on ,liv]pool l9e1 #ahe2 improv$ bridges1 #caj-ai2 tubul> bridges1 #cbf-dj1 #cfj4 ,bridgewat] ,canal monopoly1 #adg1 #aeg4 ,britannia ,tubul> ,bridge1 #cci4 ,briti% ,association ,meet+ at ,newca/le1 #bgi4 ,br\gham1 ,mr4 ,william1 c\nsel on ,liv]pool & ,man*e/] ,bill1 #aeh1 #afj4 ,bruce's ,s*ool1 ,newca/le1 #ec1 #ei4 ,brunel1 ,i4 ,k41 #bcj1 #cjd1 #cfg4 ,brunton's ,locomotive1 #gc4 ,brussels1 railway celebrations at1 #bfg4 ,brusselton incl9e1 #ace4 ,buckl&1 ,dr41 #cej4 ,bullbridge1 ,amb]gate1 #bfj4 ,bur/all's ,locomotive1 ,p]sev]ance1 #bad1 #bah4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,call]ton ,colli]y & village1 #ah1 #bf1 #bi1 #cb4 ,canal opposition to ,railways1 #adf1 #aeg1 #bch4 ,c>tag5a1 ,r4 ,/eph5son at1 #bjj4 ,*apman's ,locomotive1 #gc4 ,*>act]i/ics ( ! ,/eph5sons1 #cfh-hj4 ,*at ,moss1 ,william ,james's attempt$ ,survey1 #aea2 ,mr4 ,h>rison's spee*1 #aff2 evid5ce ( ,francis ,giles1 ,c4,e41 #afg2 ,mr4 ,ald]son's spee*1 #afh2 description (1 #agd2 con/ruction ( ,railway ov]1 #agg4 ,*e/] & ,birk5head ,railway1 #bhf4 ,*e/] & ,holyhead ,railway1 #cbj4 ,*e/]field1 #bgi1 #bhc4 ,clanny1 ,dr41 8 safety-lamp1 #ib4 ,cl>k1 ,edw91 ,c4,e41 #cca1 #cce1 #cch4 ,clay ,cross ,colli]y1 ,g4 ,/eph5son leases1 #bgg4 ,clegg & ,samuda's ,atmosph]ic ,railway1 #bhg4 ,clephan1 ,mr41 description ( fir/ railway traffic1 #adj4 ,clevel&1 ,duke (1 & ,/ockton & ,d>l+ton ,railway1 #abe4 ,clock-m5d+ & clean+1 #ce1 #ea1 #cde4 ,coa*1 fir/ railway1 #aci4 ,coal trade1 #c1 #aa2 /ai?s1 #aj2 haulage1 e>ly exp$i5ts =1 #e1 #g1 #fc1 #adc2 traffic by ,railway1 #ach1 #bgf2 m9+1 ,george ,/eph5son's adv5tures 91 #bcd1 #bgg2 !ory ( =mation (1 #cea4 ,coalbrookdale1 rails e>ly ca/ at1 #f4 ,coe1 ,wm41 fell[ workman ( ,g4 ,/eph5son1 #ba1 #bf1 #ca4 ,c(f91 ,sir ,i41 #agb4 ,colli]y di/ricts1 #a-d2 ma*9]y & workm51 #g-aa4 ,colombia1 m9+ association (1 #aic2 ,rob]t ,/eph5son's resid5ce 91 #aif4 ,contractors1 railway1 #bbi1 #bdi4 ,conway1 tubul> bridge at1 #ccd4 ,coop]1 ,sir ,a/ley1 ,rob]t ,/eph5son's int]view )1 #bch4 ,cri* ,lime-works1 ,amb]gate1 #bgh4 ,cropp]1 ,isaac1 ,liv]pool1 #ahg1 #bag4 ,cugnot's /eam-c>riage1 #fd-f4 ,curr1 ,john1 8 ca/-iron ,railway at ,%effield1 #f4 ,cutt+s1 railway1 ,tr+1 #bdb2 ,bliswor?1 #bdc2 ,amb]gate1 #bei2 ,oak5%aw & ,normanton1 #bei4 ,cyclop$ ,locomotive1 #bad4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,d>l+ton & ,/ockton ,railway1 #abc1 #acf4 ,davy1 ,sir ,humphry1 8 description ( ,trevi?ick's /eam-c>riage1 #fh2 8 pap] on fire-damp 9 m9es1 #ib2 8 safety-lamp1 #aja-c2 te/imonial1 #ajd4 ,d5man1 ,"l1 #cde4 ,d]by1 ,e>l (1 #agb4 ,dewley ,burn ,colli]y1 #af4 ,direct l9es1 mania =1 #bib4 ,dixon1 ,john1 ,c4,e41 assi/s 9 survey ( ,/ockton & ,d>l+ton l9e1 #acf2 assi/ant eng9e]1 ,liv]pool & ,man*e/] ,railway1 #age-i4 ,dodds1 ,ralph1 ,kill+wor?1 #db-d1 #ej1 #hf4 ,drayton ,manor1 ,george ,/eph5son's visit to1 #cdi4 ,dutton ,viaduct1 #bed4 ,durham1 ,e>l (1 ,see ,lambton4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,ea/ ,,coa/ ,railway to ,scotl&1 #cjf-i4 ,edgwor?1 ,mr41 sail+-waggons1 #fc2 advocacy ( ,railways1 #adh4 ,ed9burgh ,univ]sity1 ,rob]t ,/eph5son at1 #aba4 ,education1 ,george ,/eph5son's self-education1 #bd1 #dg2 ,rob]t ,/eph5son's1 #ej1 #aba2 ,george ,/eph5son's ideas (1 #aia1 #bha4 ,egg-hat*+ by artificial heat1 #bc1 #cdd4 ,egyptian ,tubul> ,bridges1 ,rob]t ,/eph5son's1 #ceg4 ,em]son1 ,george ,/eph5son's meet+ )1 #cec4 ,emigration1 ,george ,/eph5son contemplates1 #dj1 #aaf4 ,eng9e1 /udy (1 #bb1 #fb1 #gh1 #hj4 ,ericsson1 ,mr41 eng9e]1 #bjd1 #bad4 ,e/imates1 railway1 #afe1 #bdi4 ,exp]im5t1 ! fir/ railway coa*1 #aci4 ,explosion ( fire-damp1 #hi4 ,evans's /eam-c>riage1 #fe4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,fairbairn1 ,wm41 ,c4,e41 #bh2 at ,p]cy ,ma9 ,colli]y1 #cd2 exp]im5ts on iron tubes1 #cbh-cj4 ,fire-damp1 explosions (1 #hi4 ,fix$-eng9e p[]1 #aah1 #abi1 #ace1 #bjc1 #bje4 ,float+ road1 ,*at ,moss1 #agf4 ,float+ ,conway & ,britannia ,tubes1 #ccb4 ,follett1 ,sir ,wm41 #cej4 ,=?-/reet ,works1 ,newca/le1 #acb1 #aic4 ,fo/]1 ,jona?an1 ,wylam4 #ge1 #gg1 #hj1 #caj4 ,frankl9's lightn+ exp]im5t repeat$ by ,rob]t ,/eph5son1 #ef4 ,free trade1 ,george ,/eph5son's views on1 #cgi4 ,friction on common roads & ,railways1 #aac4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,g>d5+1 ,george ,/eph5son's pursuits 91 #eh1 #cdb4 ,gate%ead1 #d1 #cad4 ,gauge ( ,railways1 #acd1 #cjd4 ,geordy safety-lamp1 inv5tion (1 #ic4 ,giles1 ,francis1 ,c4,e41 #afg1 #agd1 #bcj4 ,goo*1 ,f4 ,l41 ,c4,e41 #ahh1 #aij1 #bbj1 #ccf1 #cga4 ,gradi5ts1 ,george ,/eph5son's views on1 #aae1 #bhd4 ,gr& ,allies1 ,kill+wor?1 #da1 #df4 11 ,junction ,railway1 #bcj1 #bec4 11 ,trunk ,railway1 ,canada1 #cei4 ,gray1 ,rob]t1 #bd1 #cf1 #cgf4 ,gray1 ,?omas1 #adh4 ,great ,we/]n ,railway1 #bcj1 #bcb1 #cjd4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,hackwor?1 ,timo?y1 8 eng9e ,sansp>eil1 #bad1 #baf1 #bah4 ,half-lap jo9t1 ,g4 ,/eph5son's1 #aaa4 ,h>rison1 ,mr41 b>ri/]1 #afj1 #aff4 ,haw?orn1 ,rob]t1 ,c4,e41 #bb4 ,heat+ surface 9 ,locomotives1 #bjh1 #bji4 ,h$ley1 ,william1 ,wylam1 #gg4 ,h5d]son1 ,fanny1 #cb4 ,heppel1 ,kit1 #db1 #de4 ,hetton ,railway1 #aag4 ,high ,level ,bridge1 ,newca/le1 #b1 #cab4 11 ,/reet ,h\se1 ,wylam1 #ad4 ,holyhead1 ,railway to1 #cbj4 ,h[ick1 ,"l1 & ! ,nor?umb]l& ,atmosph]ic ,railway1 #cjg1 #cji4 ,hudson1 ,george1 ! ,railway ,k+1 #bia1 #cab4 ,huskisson1 ,mr41 ,m4,p41 & ! ,liv]pool & ,man*e/] ,railway1 #agb2 kill$ at its op5+1 #bbc4 ,hydraulic presses at ! ,britannia ,bridge1 #bcg4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,incl9es1 self-act+1 #i1 #fa4 ,iron railway bridges1 #cab1 #cbe4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,james1 ,william1 surveys a l9e betwe5 ,liv]pool & ,man*e/]1 #aej2 visits ,kill+wor?1 #aea2 sup]s$$ by ,george ,/eph5son1 #aed4 ,jameson1 ,pr(essor1 ,ed9burgh1 #abb4 ,jessop1 ,william1 ,c4,e41 #f4 ,jolly's ,close1 ,newburn1 #bj1 #bd4 ,jones1 ,rees1 on ,trevi?ick's ,locomotive1 #ga4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,keelm5 ( ! ,tyne1 #aj-aa4 ,kill+wor?1 ,we/ ,moor1 #ca1 #cf1 #ch1 #dj2 ,high ,pit1 #da2 colli]y explosions & m9+1 #hi2 ,locomotive1 #hd1 #hh2 ! und]gr\nd ma*9]y1 #aji4 ,kilsby ,tunnel1 #bde4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,lambton1 ,mr4 7,e>l ( ,durham71 #acg4 ,lamp1 safety1 inv5tion (1 #ic4 ,la/-mak+ competition1 #ei4 ,l>dn]1 ,dr41 & ,railways1 #bhd1 #bhf4 ,lattice ,gird] ,bridges1 #cfa4 ,le$s ,me*anics' ,in/itute1 ,george ,/eph5son's ,spee* at1 #bha4 ,leice/] & ,swann+ton ,railway1 #bcb4 ,lem+ton ,coal-/ai?1 #gd4 ,leopold1 ,k+ ( ! ,belgians1 & ,railways1 #bff2 ,george ,/eph5son's int]views )1 #bfh1 #bif4 ,level ,railways1 advantages (1 #aae1 #bhd4 ,liddell1 ,sir ,t4 7,"l ,rav5swor?71 #df1 #fb4 ,lime-works at ,amb]gate1 ,george ,/eph5son's1 #bgh4 ,lit]>y & ,philosophical ,in/itute1 ,newca/le1 #ec1 #ajb1 #bhj1 #cgh4 ,littlebor\gh ,tunnel1 #bee4 ,liv]pool & ,man*e/] ,railway project$1 #adg2 survey$ by ,wm4 ,james1 #aej2 ! survey oppos$1 #aea2 ,george ,/eph5son engag$1 #aed2 prospectus issu$1 #aee2 deputations visit ,kill+wor?1 #aea1 #aed-e2 opposition ( ! l&-own]s & canal companies1 #aef-g2 ! bill 9 committee1 #afj2 reject$1 #afi2 s*eme prosecut$1 #agj2 ,messrs4 ,r5nie appo9t$ eng9e]s1 #aga2 ! bill pass$1 #agb2 ,george ,/eph5son aga9 engag$ z eng9e]1 #agc2 con/ruction ( ! l9e across ,*at ,moss1 #agf2 discussions z to ! work+ p[] to be employ$1 #bjc2 ,george ,/eph5son advocates ! ,locomotive1 #bja2 prize ( #ejj p\nds = be/ eng9e1 #bjg2 won by ,/eph5son's ,rocket1 #bah2 public op5+ ( ! l9e1 #bbb2 results ( ! traffic1 #bbh4 ,locke1 ,mr4 ,joseph1 ,c4,e41 #bf1 #age1 #cfg4 ,locomotion eng9e1 ,no4 ,i1 ,d>l+ton1 #ace1 #adb4 ,locomotive eng9e1 inv5tion (1 #g2 ,robison & ,watt's idea1 ,cugnot's /eam-c>riage1 #fd2 ,evans & ,sym+ton's1 #fe2 ,murdock's model1 #ff2 ,trevi?ick's /eam-c>riage1 #fg2 8 tram eng9e1 #fi1 #gd2 ,bl5k9sop's eng9e1 #gb2 ,*apman & ,brunton's eng9es1 #gc2 ,blackett's ,wylam eng9e1 #gd2 ,k5ton & ,coxlodge eng9e1 #hj2 ,/eph5son's ,kill+wor? locomotive1 #ha1 #hf2 ,/ockton & ,d>l+ton locomotives1 #ace2 prize at ,liv]pool = ! be/ eng9e1 #bjg2 won by ! ,rocket1 #bah2 ! ,arr[1 #bbb2 fur!r improvem5ts1 #bbf4 ,locomotive manufactory1 ,/eph5son's1 at ,newca/le1 #acb1 #aic1 #aii1 #caj4 ,long ,b5ton4 ,see ,b5ton4 ,london & ,birm+ham ,railway project$1 #bcg2 ! ,/eph5sons appo9t$ eng9e]s1 #bch2 opposition to ! ,bill1 ,sir ,a/ley ,coop]1 #bci2 ! ,bill reject$1 #bdj2 ,bill pass$1 #bda2 ! works1 #bdb2 ,tr+ ,cutt+1 #bdd2 ,bliswor? ,cutt+1 #bdc2 ,primrose ,hill ,tunnel1 #bdd2 ,kilsby ,tunnel1 #bde2 magnitude ( ! works1 #bdi4 ,lo%1 ,mr41 ,newca/le1 #aaa1 #aeb4 ,l\gh's /atue ( ,george ,/eph5son1 #cee4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,man*e/] & ,le$s ,railway #bed2 ! ,act obta9$1 #bee2 con/ruction ( summit tunnel1 #bef2 magnitude ( ! works1 #beg4 ,man*e/]1 trade ) ,liv]pool1 increase (1 #adf1 #aed4 ,mania1 ! ,railway1 #bhh4 ,maps1 ,newca/le di/rict1 #b2 ,/ockton & ,d>l+ton ,railway1 #abc2 ,liv]pool & ,man*e/] ,railway1 #aej2 ,leice/] & ,swann+ton ,railway1 #bcc2 ,london & ,birm+ham ,railway1 #bdb2 ,m5ai ,/rait1 #cbe4 ,m>iquita1 ,rob]t ,/eph5son at1 #aif4 ,me*anical ,eng9e]s1 ,society (1 #cec4 ,me*anics' ,in/itutes1 ,george ,/eph5son's int]e/ 91 #bhj4 ,m5ai ,susp5sion ,bridge1 #cbj2 ,railway ,bridge1 #cca4 ,m]/ham ,tram-road1 #aec4 ,microscope1 ,george ,/eph5son's1 #cdf4 ,middlesbor\gh-on-,tees1 #add4 ,middleton ,railway1 ,le$s1 #gb1 #adh4 ,midl& ,railway1 #beg4 ,militia1 ,g4 ,/eph5son1 drawn =1 #dj4 ,m9+1 coal1 #c1 #g1 #ib2 9 ,s\? ,am]ica1 #aig4 ,montrose1 ,g4 ,/eph5son at1 #ch4 ,moodie1 und]view] at ,kill+wor?1 #id-g1 #aai4 ,morecambe ,bay1 propos$ reclamation (1 #bfb4 ,morton-on-!-,m>% ,railway1 #aec4 ,multitubul> boil]1 #bjh4 ,murdock's model ,locomotive1 #ff4 ,murray1 ,ma!w1 ,le$s1 #gb4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,nasmy?',s /eam hamm]1 #cab1 #caf4 ,navvies1 railway1 #bej-eb4 ,nelson1 ! fight+ pitman #bi4 ,newburn ,colli]y1 #bj1 #bb4 ,newca/le & ,b]wick ,railway1 #cjf4 11 & ,c>lisle ,railway1 #ab1 #bjc4 11 & ,d>l+ton ,railway1 #cjf4 ,newca/le-on-,tyne 9 anci5t times1 #a-c2 ,lit]>y & ,philosophical ,in/itute1 #cgh2 ,/eph5son1 jubilees at1 #bjf1 #caj2 ,high ,level ,bridge1 #cab2 ,george ,/eph5son's /atue1 #ced4 ,newcom5's atmosph]ic eng9e1 #h1 #da4 ,nile1 ,r4 ,/eph5son's tubul> bridges ov]1 #ceg4 ,nor? ,midl& ,railway1 #beg1 #bfa4 ,nor?1 ,rog]1 description ( e>ly tram-roads1 #e4 ,nor?ampton1 opposition ( to ,railways1 #bcb4 ,nor?umb]l& ,atmosph]ic ,railway1 #ccg4 ,novelty1 ,locomotive1 #bad1 #baf1 #bah1 #bcj4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,olive ,,m\nt ,cutt+1 ,liv]pool1 #ahe4 ,op5+s ( ,railways1 ,hetton1 #aah2 ,/ockton & ,d>l+ton1 #acf2 ,middlesbor\gh1 #adc2 ,liv]pool & ,man*e/]1 #bbb2 ,london & ,birm+ham1 #bfh2 ,birm+ham & ,d]by1 #bfh2 ,ea/ ,coa/ r\te to ,scotl&1 #cai2 ,britannia ,bridge1 #cci2 ,tr5t ,valley1 #ceb4 ,organization ( lab\r1 ,g4 ,/eph5son's1 #ahb1 #bbb1 #bbe4 ,outram1 ,b5j41 ,little ,eaton1 #f4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,p>liam5t & ,railways1 #bib1 #bid4 ,p>r ,moss1 ,railway across1 #aha4 ,pass5g] traffic ( e>ly ,railways1 #ach1 #aef1 #afj4 ,paxton1 ,sir ,joseph1 #cgh4 ,pease1 ,edw>d1 projects ! ,/ockton & ,d>l+ton ,railway1 #abc2 fir/ int]view ) ,george ,/eph5son1 #aef2 visits ,kill+wor?1 #abi2 jo9s ,/eph5son 9 ,locomotive ,manufactory1 #acb1 #aii1 #bjb2 ,/eph5son's e/eem & gratitude1 #ade2 lett]s to ,rob]t ,/eph5son1 #aii1 #bec1 #ceg4 ,peel1 ,sir ,rob]t1 #bbd1 #bic4 ,p5ma5 ,mawr1 ,railway "u1 #cba4 ,p]man5t way ( ,railroads1 #aaj4 ,p]petual motion1 ,george ,/eph5son /udies1 #cd1 #dh4 ,p]sev]ance4 ,bur/all's ,locomotive1 #bad1 #bah4 ,phillips1 ,sir ,r41 speculations on ,railways1 #adh4 ,pile-driv+ by /eam1 #cab1 #caf4 ,pitm51 ,nor?umbrian1 #h4 ,planet ,locomotive1 #bbi4 ,plugman1 duties (1 #bb4 ,politics1 ,george & ,rob]t ,/eph5son's1 #cgh-i4 ,primrose ,hill ,tunnel1 #bdd4 ,prophecies ( railway failure1 #aeh1 #aff1 #agb4 ,pump+-eng9es1 ,george ,/eph5son's skill 91 #ch1 #da1 #dd1 #bdg4 ,pupils1 ,george ,/eph5son's1 #aij-b1 #bfi4 ,pyr5ean ,pa/oral1 #bih4 99 99 99 99 99 ',,qu>t]ly1' !1 on railway spe$1 #aei4 ,que51 !1 h] fir/ use ( ! ,railway1 #bgd2 op5s ! ,high ,level & ,royal ,bord] ,bridges1 #cai2 visits ! ,britannia ,bridge1 #cch4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,rails1 ca/ & wr\ght iron1 #f1 #acc4 ,railways1 e>ly1 #e-g2 ,m]?yr ,tydfil 7,p5-y-d>ran71 #fi1 #ga2 ,middleton1 ,le$s1 #gb2 ,wylam1 #gd2 ,kill+wor?1 #hd1 #aaf2 ,hetton1 #aah2 ,/ockton & ,d>l+ton1 #abc2 ,liv]pool & ,man*e/]1 #bbb2 ,gr& ,junction1 #bcj1 #bec2 ,great ,we/]n1 & ,leice/] & ,swann+ton1 #bcb2 ,london & ,birm+ham1 #bcg2 ,navvies1 #bej2 ,man*e/] & ,le$s1 #bed2 ,midl&1 #beg2 ,york & ,nor? ,midl&1 #bfa2 travell+1 #bgj-d2 undulat+1 #bhd2 atmosph]ic1 #bhf2 ,*e/] & ,birk5head1 #bhf2 mania1 #bhh2 ,newca/le & ,b]wick1 & ,newca/le & ,d>l+ton1 #cjf2 ,s\? ,devon1 #cjh2 ,*e/] & ,holyhead1 #cbj2 ,tr5t ,valley1 #ceb4 ,ra9hill1 locomotive competition at1 #bae4 ,ra/rick1 ,mr41 ,c4,e41 #bai1 #bec4 ,rav5swor?1 ,e>l (1 #df1 #hb4 ,r5nie1 ,messrs41 ,c4,e41 #abc1 #aga1 #agc1 #cbe4 ,road locomotion1 ,cugnot's /eam-c>riage1 #fd2 ,evans & ,sym+ton's1 #fe2 ,trevi?ick's1 #fg2 ,george ,/eph5son on1 #aac4 ,rob]tson1 ,&rew1 s*oolma/]1 #bd1 #bh4 ,rob9s1 anecdote ( ,george ,/eph5son & !1 #bfe4 ,robison1 ,dr41 8 idea ( a ,locomotive1 #fd4 ,rocket1 !1 its con/ruction1 #baj2 arrangem5ts (1 #bab2 w9s ! prize ( #ejj p\nds1 #bah4 ,roscoe1 ,mr41 8 f>m on ,*at ,moss1 #afi1 #agd1 #agf4 ,ross1 ,a4 ,m41 ,eng9e]1 #cfj4 ,royal ,bord] ,bridge1 ,b]wick1 #caa4 ,rutt]'s ,s*ool1 ,b5ton1 #ej1 #ee4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,safety-,,lamp1 ,dr4 ,clanny's1 #ib2 ,/eph5son's fir/ lamp1 #id2 second lamp1 #ii2 ?ird lamp1 #ajj2 ,sir ,h4 ,davy's pap]1 #ib2 8 lamp1 #aja2 ! safety-lamp controv]sy1 #ajb2 ! ,davy & ,/eph5son te/imonials1 #ajd-f2 comp>ative m]its ( ! ,davy & ,geordy lamps1 #ajg-h4 ,sail+-waggons on tram-roads1 #fc4 ,samson ,locomotive1 #bbg4 ,s&>s1 ,joseph1 ,liv]pool1 #adg1 #adi1 #aed4 ,sankey ,viaduct1 #ahe4 ,sansp>eil ,locomotive1 ,tim ,hackwor?'s1 #bad1 #baf1 #bah4 ,sea1 ! =ce (1 #cba1 #cbc4 ,segu91 ,mr41 ,c4,e41 8 tubul> boil]1 #baj4 ,self-act+ incl9e1 #fa4 ,sib?orpe1 ,colonel1 on ,railways1 #bca1 #bgd4 ,simplon ,road1 ,midl& ,railway comp>$ )1 #beg4 ,snib/on ,colli]y pur*as$ by ,george ,/eph5son1 #bcd4 ,sop)1 ,mr41 ,c4,e41 #if1 #big4 ,spani% ,railway1 ,george ,/eph5son's survey (1 #bih4 ,spe$1 railway1 on ,middleton ,railway1 #gb2 ,wylam1 #hj2 ,kill+wor?1 #he1 #aef2 ,coxlodge1 #hj2 ,/ockton & ,d>l+ton1 #adc2 ,g4 ,/eph5son be=e ,committee ( ,h\se ( ,commons on1 #bhb4 ,spe$ ( eng9es tri$ at ,ra9hill1 #bad-ai2 ( ! ,nor?umbrian1 #bbd2 ,george ,/eph5son's views on1 #bhb4 ,spur-ge>1 locomotive1 #hc4 ,/ai?s1 coal1 #aj4 ,/ation>y-eng9e p[]1 #aah1 #abi1 #ace1 #bjc1 #bje4 ,/atues ( ,george ,/eph5son1 #ced4 ,/eam-bla/1 inv5tion (1 #he1 #bjh-aa4 ,/eam-spr+s1 ,g4 ,/eph5son's1 #aab4 ,/eph5son family1 !1 #ae1 #ag1 #ai1 #ba1 #ci2 ,old ,bob1 #ad1 #ae1 #ci1 #ee4 ,/eph5son1 ,george1 bir? & p>5tage1 #ac1 #ae2 employ$ z h]d-boy1 makes clay eng9es1 #af1 #ag2 pl\gh-boy2 drives ! g9-horse1 #ah2 assi/ant-fireman1 #ai2 fireman1 #ba2 eng9eman--/udy ( ! /eam-eng9e1 #bb2 8 s*oolma/]s1 #bd1 #dh1 #fj2 le>ns to brake an eng9e1 #bf2 duties z brakesman1 #bg2 soles %oes1 #bh2 saves 8 fir/ gu9ea1 #bi2 fights ) a pitman1 #cj2 m>ries ,fanny ,h5d]son1 #cc2 heaves balla/1 #cd2 cleans clocks1 #ce2 dea? ( 8 wife1 #cf2 goes to ,scotl&1 #cg2 returns home1 #ch2 brakesman at ,we/ ,moor1 ,kill+wor?1 #ci2 drawn = ! militia1 #dj2 takes a brake+ contract1 #da2 cures pump+-eng9e1 #db2 eng9e-wright to ! colli]y1 #df2 ev5+s ) ,john ,wigham1 #dh2 education ( 8 son1 #ej-d2 cottage at ,we/ ,moor1 #eg2 ! sun-dial1 #fj2 erects w9d+ & pump+ eng9es1 #fa2 /udy ( locomotive1 #fb2 makes 8 fir/ travell+-eng9e1 #hb2 inv5ts ! /eam-bla/1 #he2 second locomotive1 #he2 fire 9 ! ma91 p]sonal c\rage1 #ij2 inv5ts & te/s 8 safety-lamps1 #ic1 #ajb2 ! ,/eph5son te/imonial1 #aje2 fur!r improvem5ts 9 ! ,kill+wor? locomotive1 #aaj2 con/ructs ! ,hetton ,railway1 #aag2 surveys & con/ructs ! ,/ockton & ,d>l+ton ,railway1 #abh2 8 second wife1 #abi2 />ts a ,locomotive ,manufactory1 #acb2 appo9t$ eng9e] ( ! ,liv]pool & ,man*e/] l9e1 #aed2 exam9$ be=e ,p>liam5t>y ,committee1 #afb2 ! ,railway across ,*at ,moss1 #agc-hf1 #aib2 life at home1 #aij2 ! ,rocket con/ruct$1 #baj2 public op5+ ( ,liv]pool & ,man*e/] l9e1 #bbc2 eng9e] ( ,gr& ,junction1 #bcj2 pur*ases ,snib/on ,colli]y1 & removes to ,alton ,grange1 #bcd2 appo9t$ jo9t eng9e] ( ,london & ,birm+ham ,railway1 #bcg2 eng9e] ( ,man*e/] & ,le$s ,railway1 #bec2 ( ,midl& ,railway1 #beg2 ( ,york & ,nor? ,midl& ,railway1 #bfa2 life at ,alton ,grange1 #bfc2 visit to ,belgium & int]views ) ,k+ ,leopold1 #bfg2 takes lease ( ,clayross ,colli]y1 #bgg2 lime-works at ,amb]gate1 resid5ce at ,tapton ,h\se1 #bgh2 appe>ance at ,me*anics' ,in/itutes1 #bhj2 op9ions ( railway spe$1 #bhb2 views z to atmosph]ic sy/em ( work+1 #bhg2 opposes ! railway mania1 #bij2 aga9 visits ,belgium1 #bie2 visit to ,spa91 #big2 retires f ! pr(ession ( eng9e]+1 #cja2 ,newca/le & ,b]wick ,railway1 & ,*e/] & ,holyhead ,railway1 #cjg2 habits1 conv]sation1 etc41 #cdc2 !ory ( coal =mation1 #cea2 meet+ ) ,em]son1 #ceb2 illness & dea?1 #ced2 *>act]i/ics1 #cfh4 ,/eph5son1 ,rob]t1 8 bir?1 dea? ( 8 "m1 #cf2 8 fa!r's c>e = 8 education1 #ej2 is put to ,rutt]'s s*ool1 ,b5ton1 #ej2 s5t to ,bruce's s*ool1 ,newca/le1 #eb2 ev5+s ) 8 fa!r1 #ed2 8 boyi% tricks1 #ee2 repeats ,frankl9's lightn+ exp]im5t1 #ef2 8 fa!r's assi/ant1 #ej1 #ec2 gives lessons to ! pitm5's sons1 #fj2 calculates ! latitude = a sundial at ,kill+wor?1 #fj2 8 recollections ( ! trial ( ! fir/ safety-lamp1 #id2 appr5tic$ to a coal view]1 #aai2 s5t to college at ,ed9burgh1 #aba2 assi/s 9 survey ( ,/ockton & ,d>l+ton ,railway1 #abh2 assi/s 9 survey ( ,liv]pool & ,man*e/] ,railway1 #aec2 leaves ,engl& = ,colombia1 #aic2 resid5ce at ,m>iquita1 #aif2 resigns 8 situation z m9+ eng9e]1 #aii2 r5contre ) ,trevi?ick at ,c>tag5a1 #bjj2 %ipwreck1 #bja2 return to ,newca/le1 #bjb2 pamphlet on ! locomotive eng9e1 #bjf2 discussions ) 8 fa!r z to ! locomotive1 #bjh2 con/ructs ! ,rocket1 #baj2 w9s ! prize1 #bah2 improvem5ts 9 ! locomotive1 #bba2 appo9t$ eng9e] ( ,leice/] & ,swann+ton ,railway1 #bcb2 8 fir/ tunnel1 #bcc2 f9ds coal at ,snib/on1 #bcd2 appo9t$ jo9t eng9e] ( ,london & ,birm+ham ,railway1 #bcg2 con/ruction ( ! works1 #bdb2 ov]comes ! difficulties ( ! ,kilsby ,tunnel1 #bdh2 lett] to ,sir ,rob]t ,peel on undulat+ railways1 #bic2 8 ext5sive employm5t1 #cjb-c2 ! competitor ( ,brunel1 #cjd2 eng9e] ( ,newca/le & ,b]wick ,railway1 #cjf2 eng9e] ( ,royal ,bord] ,bridge1 ,b]wick1 #caa2 eng9e] ( ,high ,level ,bridge1 ,newca/le1 #cab2 eng9e] ( ,*e/] & ,holyhead ,railway1 #cbj2 con/ructs ! ,britannia & ,conway ,tubul> ,bridges1 #cbd2 succe$s to 8 fa!r's weal?1 & arranges to retire f bus9ess1 #ceg2 designs tubul> bridges = ,canada & ,egypt1 #ceg2 memb] ( ,p>liam5t1 =eign hon\rs1 #cff2 dea?1 #cfh2 "*1 #cgg4 ,/ock ,ex*ange & railway speculation1 #bhi4 ,/ockton & ,d>l+ton ,railway1 project$1 promot$ by ,edw>d ,pease1 #abc2 act pass$1 #abe2 re-survey$ by ,g4 ,/eph5son1 #abh2 op5+ ( ! ,railway1 #acf2 ! coal traffic1 #ach2 ! fir/ pass5g] coa*1 #aci2 coa*+ companies1 #adj2 increase ( ! traffic1 #ada2 t[n ( ,middlesbor\gh1 #add4 ,/ra?more1 ,e>l (1 #df1 #aje4 ,sun-dial at ,kill+wor?1 #fj1 #bhj4 ,swanwick1 ,fr$]ick1 ,c4,e41 #aij1 #aib1 #ceb4 ,sym+ton1 ,wm41 /eam-c>riage1 #fe4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,tapton ,,h\se1 ,*e/]field1 #bgh1 #cda4 ,tram-roads1 e>ly1 #e2 ,croydon & ,m]/ham1 #adg4 ,travell+ by ,railway1 #afj4 ,trevi?ick1 ,ri*>d1 ,c4,e41 8 /eam-c>riage1 #fg2 8 tra9-eng9e1 & sub/itute = /eam-bla/1 #gj2 r5contre ) ,rob]t ,/eph5son at ,c>tag5a1 #bjj4 ,tr5t ,valley ,railway1 #ceb4 ,trellis gird] bridges1 #cfj4 ,tr+ ,cutt+1 #bdb4 ,tubul> boil]s1 #bji4 ,tubul> bridges1 #ccd1 #cci1 #cfj4 ,tunnels1 railway1 ,liv]pool1 #ahc2 ,primrose ,hill1 #bdd2 ,kilsby1 #bde2 ,wat=d1 #bde2 ,littlebor\gh1 #bee4 ,tyne1 !1 at ,newca/le1 #c1 #aj1 #aa1 #cae4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,viaducts1 ,sankey1 #ahe2 ,dutton1 #bed2 ,b]wick1 #caa2 ,newca/le1 #cab4 ,victoria ,bridge1 ,montreal1 #ceg-ff4 ,vignolles1 ,mr41 ,c4,e41 #aga1 #ahe1 #bjd4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,waggon-,,roads1 e>ly1 #d-g1 #af1 #fc4 ,walk]1 ,james1 ,c4,e41 #aei4 ,walls5d1 ,newca/le1 #a1 #cc4 ,walmsley1 ,sir ,jo%ua1 #big1 #bii1 #cga4 ,w&swor? & ,croydon ,tramway1 #fi1 #adg4 ,wat=d ,tunnel1 #bde4 ,watt1 ,james1 & ! ,locomotive1 #fd4 ,way-leaves = waggon roads1 #e4 ,well+ton1 ,duke (1 & ,railways1 #bbc1 #bgd4 ,we/ ,moor1 ,kill+wor?1 #cg1 #dj1 #ia1 #ajh4 ,:itehav51 e>ly ,railroad at1 #f4 ,wigham1 ,john1 ,/eph5son's tea*]1 #dh-i4 ,will+ton ,quay1 #bh1 #ca-f4 ,wilton1 ,e>l (1 #agb4 ,wood1 ,ni*olas1 prep>es draw+ ( safety-lamp1 #id2 is pres5t at its trial1 #ie2 assi/s at exp]im5ts on fire-damp1 #ih2 appe>s ) ,/eph5son be=e ,newca/le ,in/itute1 #ajb2 op9ion ( ! ,geordy lamp1 #ajh2 exp]im5ts ) ,/eph5son on friction1 #aag2 accid5t 9 pit1 #aai2 visits ,edw>d ,pease ) ,g4 ,/eph5son1 #abf4 ,woolf's tubul> boil]s1 #bji4 ,wylam ,colli]y & village1 #ab-ad4 11 waggon-way1 #gd1 #gh4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,york & ,nor? ,midl& ,railway1 #bfa4 ,"y1 ,ar?ur1 description ( e>ly waggon-roads1 #e4 ,,notes4 #d ,9 ! ,newca/le dialect1 a *>e is a n>r[ /reet or lane4 ,at ! local assizes "s ye>s s9ce1 "o ( ! witnesses 9 a crim9al trial swore t he saw ?ree m5 come out ( ! foot ( a *>e4 ,! judge caution$ ! jury n to pay any reg>d to ! man's evid5ce1 z he mu/ be insane4 ,a little explanation by ! =eman1 h[ev]1 satisfi$ 8 lord%ip t ! orig9al /atem5t 0 correct4 #e ',six ,mon?s' ,t\r1' vol4 iii4 #i #bf ,fa!r ( ,mr4 ,locke1 ,m4,p41 ! eng9e]4 ,he aft]w>ds remov$ to ,b>nsley1 9 ,york%ire4 #cc ,! ,/eph5son ,memorial ,s*ools h s9ce be5 erect$ on ! site ( ! old cottage at ,will+ton ,quay repres5t$ 9 ! engrav+ at ! head ( ?is *apt]4 #ch ,?is incid5t 0 relat$ by ,rob]t ,/eph5son dur+ a voyage to ! nor? ( ,scotl& 9 #aheg1 :5 (f ,montrose1 on bo>d 8 ya*t ,titania2 & ! rem9isc5ce 0 communicat$ to ! au?or by ! late ,mr4 ,william ,kell ( ,gate%ead1 :o 0 pres5t1 at ,mr4 ,/eph5son's reque/1 z be+ wor?y ( ins]tion 9 8 fa!r's biography4 #eb ,spee* at ,newca/le1 on ! #ah? ( ,june1 #ahdd1 at ! meet+ held 9 celebration ( ! op5+ ( ! ,newca/le & ,d>l+ton ,railway4 #eg ,rob]t ,/eph5son 0 p]haps1 pr\d] ( ?is little boyi% exp]im5t ?an he 0 ( _m ( 8 subsequ5t a*ievem5ts4 ,n hav+ be5 q accurately /at$ 9 ! fir/ edition ( ?is book1 ,mr4 ,/eph5son not$ ! correction = ! second1 & wrote ! au?or 7,sept4 #ah?1 #aheg7 z foll[s3--,9 ! kite exp]im5t1 w y say1 t ! copp]-wire 0 insulat$ by a few feet ( silk cord2 )\t ?is1 ! exp]im5t _c be made4 #gj ,mr4 ,z]ah ,colburn1 9 8 excell5t "w on ',locomotive ,eng9e]+ & ! ,me*anism ( ,railways1' po9ts out t ,mr4 ,davies ,gilb]t not$ ! effect ( ! dis*>ge ( ! wa/e /eam up ! *imney ( ,trevi?ick's eng9e 9 increas+ ! draught1 & wrote a lett] to ',ni*olson's ,j\rnal' 7,sept4 #ahje7 on ! subject4 ,mr4 ,ni*olson himself proce$$ to inve/igate ! subject1 & 9 #ahjf he took out a pat5t = /eam-bla/+ app>atus1 applicable to fix$ eng9es4 ,trevi?ick himself1 h[ev]1 c\ld n h _h mu* fai? 9 ! /eam-bla/ = locomotive purposes1 or else he w\ld n h tak5 out 8 pat5t = urg+ ! fire by means ( fann]s4 ,b ! fact is1 t :ile ! spe$ ( ! locomotive 0 only f\r or five miles an h\r1 ! bla/ 0 sc>cely ne$$4 ,x 0 only :5 high spe$s 7 adopt$ t artificial me?ods ( urg+ ! fire became necess>y1 & t ! full importance ( ! inv5tion 0 recognis$4 ,l _m o!r inv5tions1 /imulat$ if n orig9at$ by necessity1 ! /eam-bla/ 0 c]ta9ly re9v5t$1 if n inv5t$1 by ,george ,/eph5son4 #ga ',m9+ ,j\rnal1' #i? ,septemb]1 #aheh4 #gc ,o!r ma*9es1 ) legs1 7 pat5t$ 9 ! foll[+ ye> by ,lewis ,gomp]tz & by ,?omas ,t9dall4 ,9 ,t9dall's specification x is provid$ t ! p[] ( ! eng9e is to be assi/$ by a horizontal w9dmill2 & ! f\r pu%]s1 or legs1 are to be caus$ to come successively 9 contact ) ! gr\nd1 & impel ! c>riage6 #hb ,spee* at ! op5+ ( ! ,newca/le & ,d>l+ton ,railway1 ,june #ah1 #ahdd4 #ie ,! ,editor ( ! ',a!naeum' hav+ 7,nov4 #h?1 #ahfb7 *>act]iz$ ! au?or's acc\nt ( ?is affair z p]fectly untrue & a fiction1 x becomes necess>y to say a few words 9 explanation ( x4 ,! ,editor ( ! ',a!naeum' quotes 9 support ( 8 /atem5t a passage f ,mr4 ,ni*olas ,wood1 :o1 h[ev] does n say t ! anecdote is p]fectly untrue1 b m]ely t ! dang] 0 n q s great z is repres5t$3 he adds t at mo/ an explosion might h burnt ! h&s ( ! op]ator1 b w\ld n ext5d a few feet f ! bl[]4 ,h[ev] t may be1 we 7 n )\t good au?ority = mak+ ! orig9al /atem5t4 ,! facts 7 v]bally communicat$ to ! au?or 9 ! fir/ place by ,rob]t ,/eph5son1 to :om ! *apt] 0 aft]w>ds read 9 ,,ms41 9 ! pres5ce ( ,mr4 ,sop)1 ,f4,r4,s4 at ,mr4 ,/eph5son's h\se 9 ,gl\ce/] ,squ>e1 & receiv$ 8 entire approval4 ,b at ! "t at :i* ,mr4 ,/eph5son communicat$ ! v]bal in=mation1 he also h&$ a little book ) 8 "n writt5 9 x1 /ill 9 ! au?or's possession1 say+1 ,read t1 y w f9d x all !re4 ,we h aga9 ref]r$ to ! little book :i* conta9s1 among o!r ?+s1 a pamphlet1 entitl$ ,report on ! ,claims ( ,mr4 ,george ,/eph5son relative to ! ,inv5tion ( 8 ,safety ,lamp4 ,by ! ,committee appo9t$ at a ,meet+ hold5 9 ,newca/le1 on ?is #a/ ( ,novemb]1 #ahag4 ,) an ,app5dix conta9+ ! ,evid5ce4 ,among ! witnesses exam9$ 7 ,george ,/eph5son1 ,ni*olas ,wood1 & ,john ,moodie1 & _! evid5ce is giv5 9 ! pamphlet4 ,we quote t ( ,/eph5son & ,moodie1 :i* 0 n contradict$1 b 9 all mat]ial po9ts confirm$ by ,wood1 & 0 publi%$1 we believe1 ) 8 sanction4 ,george ,/eph5son said1 t he tri$ ! fir/ lamp 9 a "p ( ! m9e :]e ! air 0 highly explosive4 ,ni*olas ,wood & ,john ,moodie 7 8 companions :5 ! trial 0 made4 ,!y became fright5$ :5 !y came )9 he>+ ( ! bl[]1 & w\ld n g any fur!r4 ,mr4 ,/eph5son w5t alone ) ! lamp to ! m\? ( ! bl[]1 etc4 ,?is evid5ce 0 confirm$ by ,john ,moodie1 :o said ! air ( ! place :]e ! exp]im5t 0 ab\t to be tri$ 0 su*1 t1 if a light$ c&le _h be5 introduc$1 an explosion w\ld h tak5 place t w\ld h be5 extremely dang]\s4 ,told ,/eph5son x 0 f\l1 & h9t$ at ! dang]2 nev]!less1 ,/eph5son w\ld try ! lamp1 confid+ 9 its safety4 ,/eph5son took ! lamp & w5t ) x into ! place 9 :i* ,moodie _h be51 & ,moodie & ,wood1 appreh5sive ( ! dang]1 retir$ to a great] di/ance1 etc4 ,! o!r details ( ! /atem5t made 9 ! text1 are fully borne out by ! publi%$ evid5ce1 ! accuracy ( :i*1 s f> z ! au?or is aw>e1 has nev] be=e be5 call$ 9 "q4 #aje ,! tank>d bore ! foll[+ inscription--,?is piece ( plate1 pur*as$ ) a "p ( ! sum ( #ajjj p\nds1 a subscription rais$ = ! remun]ation ( ,mr4 ,,george ,,/eph5son = hav+ discov]$ ! fact t inflam$ fire-damp w n pass ?r\gh tubes & ap]tures ( small dim5sions1 & hav+ be5 ! fir/ to apply t pr9ciple 9 ! con/ruction ( a safety-lamp calculat$ = ! pres]vation ( human life 9 situations =m]ly ( ! greate/ dang]1 0 pres5t$ to him at a g5]al meet+ ( ! subscrib]s1 ,*>les ,john ,br&l+1 ,esq41 9 ! ,*air4 ,janu>y #ab?1 #ahah4 #ajg ,! accid5t above ref]r$ to 0 describ$ 9 ! ',b>nsley ,times1' a copy ( :i*1 conta9+ ! acc\nt1 ,rob]t ,/eph5son =w>d$ to ! au?or1 ) ! obs]vation t x is evid5tly writt5 by a practical m9]1 & is1 ,i ?9k1 wor?y ( record 9 my fa!r's ,life4 #abe ,mr4 ,pease di$ at ,d>l+ton1 on ! #ca/ ( ,july1 #aheh1 ag$ n9ety two4 #abi ,! /ory has be5 told t ,george 0 a =m] suitor ( ,miss ,h9dm>%1 :ile occupy+ ! position ( a humble workman at ,black ,call]ton1 b t hav+ be5 reject$ by h]1 he made love to & m>ri$ ,fanny ,h5d]son2 & t long aft] ! dea? ( ! latt]1 :5 he _h become a comp>atively ?riv+ man1 he aga9 made up to ,miss ,h9dm>%1 & 0 on ! second occasion accept$4 ,?is is ! popul> /ory1 & diff]5t v]sions ( x are curr5t4 ,desir\s ( asc]ta9+ ! facts1 ! au?or call$ on ,?omas ,h9dm>%1 ,mrs4 ,/eph5son's bro!r1 :o assur$ him t ,george knew no?+ ( 8 si/] until he 7,h9dm>%7 introduc$ him to h]1 at ,george's express reque/1 ab\t ! ye> #ahah or #ahai4 ,! au?or 0 himself orig9ally attract$ by ! mu* m romantic v]sion ( ! /ory1 & gave publicity to x _m ye>s s9ce2 b aft] ,mr4 ,h9dm>%'s explicit /atem5t1 he ?\ght fit to adopt ! sob]]1 & p]haps1 ! tru] view4 #acj ,! fir/ clause 9 any railway act1 emp[]+ ! employm5t ( locomotive eng9es = ! work+ ( pass5g] traffic4 #aca ,?is incid5t1 communicat$ to ! au?or by ! late ,edw>d ,pease1 has s9ce be5 made ! subject ( a f9e picture by ,mr4 ,a4 ,rankley1 ,a4,r4,a41 exhibit$ at ! ,royal ,academy ,exhibition ( #ahfa4 #add ,middlesbor\gh does n furni% ! only in/ance ( ! extraord9>y increase ( population 9 c]ta9 localities1 occasion$ by railways4 ,h>tlepool1 9 ! same neighb\rhood1 has 9 ?irty ye>s increas$ f #accj to above #ae1jjj2 & ,/ockton-on-,tees f #ggfc to above #af1jjj4 ,9 #ahca ,crewe 0 a little village ) #bie inhabitants2 x n[ numb]s upw>ds ( #aj1jjj4 ,rugby & ,sw9don h quadrupl$ _! population 9 ! same "t4 ,! railway has be5 ! mak+ ( ,s\?ampton1 & add$ #cj1jjj to its =m]ly small numb] ( inhabitants4 ,9 l mann] ! railway has tak5 ,london to ! sea-side1 & increas$ ! population ( ,brighton f #dj1jjj to ne>ly #ajj1jjj4 ,t ( ,folke/one has be5 trebl$4 ,new & popul\s suburbs h sprung up all r\nd ,london4 ,! population ( ,/rat=d-le-,b[ & ,we/ ,ham 0 #aa1ehj 9 #ahca2 x is n[ ne>ly #dj1jjj4 ,reigate has be5 trebl$ 9 size1 & ,r$hill has be5 creat$ by ! railway4 ,blackhea?1 ,=e/ ,hill1 ,syd5ham1 ,new ,cross1 ,wimbl$on1 & a numb] ( popul\s places r\nd ,london1 may almo/ be said to h sprung into exi/5ce s9ce ! ext5sion ( railways to !m )9 ! la/ ?irty ye>s4 #adg ,lives ( ! ,eng9e]s1 vol4 i4 p4 #cga4 #ahi ,mr4 ,goo*'s lett] to ! au?or1 ,decemb] #ac?1 #ahfa4 ,ref]r+ to ! prep>ations ( ! plans & draw+s1 ,mr4 ,goo* adds1 ,:5 we consid] ! ext5sive sets ( draw+s :i* mo/ eng9e]s h s9ce f\nd x "r to adopt 9 c>ry+ out simil> works1 x is n ! lea/ surpris+ feature 9 ,george ,/eph5son's e>ly pr(essional c>e]1 t he %\ld h be5 able to conf9e himself to s limit$ a numb] z t :i* c\ld be suppli$ by ! h&s ( "o p]son 9 c>ry+ out ! con/ruction ( ! ,liv]pool & ,man*e/] ,railway2 & ?is may /ill be said1 aft] full all[ance is made = ! alt]ation ( sy/em involv$ by ! adoption ( ! l>ge contract sy/em4 #aic ,lett] to ! au?or4 #aif ,lett] to ,mr4 ,ill+wor?4 ,septemb] #be?1 #ahbe4 #aii ,lett] to ,mr4 ,ill+wor?4 ,april #i?1 #ahbg4 #bja ',geological ,transactions ( ,cornwall4' i4 #bbb4 #bjf ,! argum5ts us$ by ,mr4 ,/eph5son ) ! directors1 9 fav\r ( ! locomotive eng9e1 7 aft]w>ds collect$ & publi%$ 9 #ahcj by ,rob]t ,/eph5son & ,joseph ,locke1 z compil$ f ! ,reports ( ,mr4 ,george ,/eph5son4 ,! pamphlet 0 entitl$1 ',obs]vations on ! ,comp>ative ,m]its ( ,locomotive & ,fix$ ,eng9es4' ,rob]t ,/eph5son1 speak+ ( ! au?or%ip _m ye>s aft]1 said1 ,i believe ,i furni%$ ! facts & ! argum5ts1 & ,locke put !m into %ape4 ,locke 0 a v fl[]y writ]1 :]eas my /yle 0 r bald & unattractive2 s he 0 ! editor ( ! pamphlet1 :i* excit$ a good deal ( att5tion among/ eng9e]s at ! "t4 #bjg ,! conditions 7 ^!3-- #a4 ,! eng9e mu/ effectually consume its own smoke4 #b4 ,! eng9e1 if ( six tons weight1 mu/ be able to draw aft] x1 day by day1 tw5ty tons weight 7includ+ ! t5d] & wat]-tank7 at t5 miles an h\r1 ) a pressure ( /eam on ! boil] n exce$+ fifty p\nds to ! squ>e in*4 #c4 ,! boil] mu/ h two safety-valves1 nei!r ( :i* mu/ be fa/5$ d[n1 & "o ( !m be completely out ( ! control ( ! eng9eman4 #d4 ,! eng9e & boil] mu/ be support$ on spr+s1 & re/ on six :eels1 ! height ( ! :ole n exce$+ fifte5 feet to ! top ( ! *imney4 #e4 ,! eng9e1 ) wat]1 mu/ n weigh m ?an six tons2 b an eng9e ( less weight w\ld be pref]r$ on its draw+ a proportionate load beh9d x2 if only f\r & a half tons1 !n x might be put on only f\r :eels4 ,! ,company to be at lib]ty to te/ ! boil]1 etc41 by a pressure ( "o hundr$ & fifty p\nds to ! squ>e in*4 #f4 ,a m]curial gauge mu/ be affix$ to ! ma*9e1 %[+ ! /eam pressure above =ty-five p\nds p] squ>e in*4 #g4 ,! eng9e mu/ be deliv]$1 complete & ready = trial1 at ! ,liv]pool end ( ! railway1 n lat] ?an ! #a/ ( ,octob]1 #ahbi4 #h4 ,! price ( ! eng9e mu/ n exce$ #eej p\nds4 #bad ,! inv5tor ( ?is eng9e 0 a ,sw$e1 :o aft]w>ds proce$$ to ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 & !re a*iev$ consid]able di/9ction z an eng9e]4 ,8 ,caloric ,eng9e has s f> prov$ a failure1 b 8 iron cupola vessel1 ! ,monitor1 mu/ be admitt$ to h be5 a rem>kable success 9 its way4 #bai ,! ,rocket is n[ to be se5 at ! ,museum ( ,pat5ts at ,k5s+ton1 :]e x is c>efully pres]v$4 #bcd ,tubb+ is n[ adopt$ 9 _m cases z a sub/itute = brick-wall+4 ,! tubb+ consi/s ( %ort portions ( ca/-iron cyl9d] fix$ 9 segm5ts4 ,ea* weighs ab\t #d4e cwt41 is ab\t #c or #d feet long1 & ab\t #j4cge ( an in* ?ick4 ,^! pieces are fitt$ closely toge!r1 l5g? "u l5g?1 & =m an imp]meable wall along ! side ( ! pit4 #bfc ,dur+ ?is p]iod he 0 engag$ on ! ,nor? ,midl&1 ext5d+ f ,d]by to ,le$s2 ! ,york & ,nor? ,midl&1 f ,normanton to ,york2 ! ,man*e/] & ,le$s2 ! ,birm+ham & ,d]by1 & ! ,%effield & ,ro!rham ,railways2 ! :ole ( ^!1 ( :i* he 0 pr9cipal eng9e]1 hav+ be5 au?oris$ 9 #ahcf4 ,9 t session alone1 p[]s 7 obta9$ = ! con/ruction ( #bad miles ( new railways "u 8 direction1 at an exp5diture ( upw>ds ( five millions /]l+4 #bhh ,! "q ( ! specific m]its ( ! atmosph]ic z comp>$ ) ! fix$ eng9e & locomotive sy/ems1 w be f\nd fully discuss$ 9 ,rob]t ,/eph5son's able ',report on ! ,atmosph]ic ,railway ,sy/em1' #ahdd1 9 :i* he gives ! result ( num]\s obs]vations & exp]im5ts made by him on ! ,k+/[n ,atmosph]ic ,railway1 ) ! object ( asc]ta9+ :e!r ! new p[] w\ld be applicable = ! work+ ( ! ,*e/] & ,holyhead ,railway1 !n "u con/ruction4 ,8 op9ion 0 decid$ly aga9/ ! atmosph]ic sy/em4 #bhi ,! ,m>quis ( ,clanric>de br\ght "u ! notice ( ! ,h\se ( ,lords1 9 #ahde1 t "o ,*>les ,gu]nsey1 ! son ( a *>woman1 & a cl]k 9 a brok]'s (fice1 at #abs4 a week1 _h 8 "n d[n z a subscrib] = %>es 9 ! ,london & ,york l9e1 = #eb1jjj p\nds4 ,d\btless he _h be5 made useful = ! purpose by ! brok]s1 8 employ]s4 #cji ,:5 my fa!r came ab\t ! (fice1 said ,rob]t1 he sometimes did n well "k :at to d ) himself4 ,s he us$ to invite ,bidd] to h a wre/le ) him1 = old acqua9tance' sake4 ,& ! two wre/l$ toge!r s (t51 & _h s _m 'falls' 7sometimes ,i ?\ght !y w\ld br+ ! h\se d[n betwe5 !m71 t !y broke half ! *airs 9 my out] (fice4 ,i rememb] once s5d+ my fa!r 9 a jo9]'s bill ( ab\t #b p\nds #ajs4 = m5d+ brok5 *airs4 #cbd ,! simple fact t 9 a heavy /orm ! =ce ( impact ( ! waves is f "o & a-half to two tons p] squ>e foot1 mu/ necess>ily dictate ! greate/ possible caution 9 approa*+ s =midable an elem5t4 ,mr4 ,r4 ,/ev5son 7,ed9burgh7 regi/]$ a =ce ( ?ree tons p] squ>e foot at ,sk]ryvore1 dur+ a gale 9 ! ,atlantic1 :5 ! waves 7 suppos$ to run tw5ty feet high4 #cbg ,rob]t ,/eph5son's n>rative 9 ,cl>k's ',britannia & ,conway ,tubul> ,bridges1' vol4 i4 p4 #bg4 #cbi;a ',acc\nt ( ! ,con/ruction ( ! ,britannia & ,conway ,tubul> ,bridges4' ,by ,w4 ,fairbairn1 ,c4,e4 ,london1 #ahdi4 #cbi;b ,mr4 ,/eph5son cont9u$ to hold t ! elliptical tube 0 ! "r idea1 & t suffici5t ju/ice _h n be5 done to x4 ,a ye> or two be=e 8 dea? ,mr4 ,/eph5son rem>k$ to ! au?or1 t _h ! same arrangem5t = /iff5+ be5 adopt$ to :i* ! oblong rectangul> tubes owe a great "p ( _! /r5g?1 a v diff]5t result w\ld h be5 obta9$4 #cce ',! ,britannia & ,conway ,tubul> ,bridges4' ,by ,edw9 ,cl>k4 ,vol4 ,,ii1 pp4 #fhc-d4 #ccf ,no4 #cd1 ,gl\ce/] ,squ>e1 ,hyde ,p>k1 :]e he liv$4 #cej ,! above anecdote is giv5 on ! au?ority ( ,mr4 ,sop)4 ,f4,r4,s4 #ced ,! second ,mrs4 ,/eph5son hav+ di$ 9 #ahde1 ,george m>ri$ a ?ird "t 9 #ahdh1 ab\t six mon?s be=e 8 dea?4 ,! ?ird ,mrs4 ,/eph5son _h = "s "t be5 8 h\sekeep]4 #cfh ,9 #ahbi ,rob]t ,/eph5son m>ri$ ,frances1 daught] ( ,john ,s&]son1 m]*ant1 ,london2 b %e di$ 9 #ahdb1 )\t issue1 & ,mr4 ,/eph5son did n m>ry aga94 ,until ! close ( 8 life1 ,rob]t ,/eph5son 0 accu/om$ twice 9 e ye> to visit 8 wife's grave 9 ,hamp/ead *ur*y>d4 #cgg ,address z ,presid5t ( ! ,in/itution ( ,civil ,eng9e]s1 ,janu>y1 #ahef4