,,buchanan',s                           
,,journal ,,of ,,man4                   
,,vol4 ,i4        ,,september1 #ahhg4   
,,no4 #h4     ,,contents ,,of ,,journal 
,,of ,,man4     ,concord ,symposium     
,rectification of ,cerebral ,science    
,human ,longevity   ,,miscellaneous     
,,intelligence--,an important           
,discovery2 ,jennie     ,collins2 ,greek
 ,philosophy2 ,symposiums2 ,literature  
of the ,past2     ,the ,concord ,school2
 ,new ,books2 ,solar ,biology2 ,dr4     
,franz     ,hartmann2 ,progress of      
,chemistry2 ,astronomy2 ,geology        
,illustrated2     ,a ,mathematical      
,prodigy2 ,astrology in ,england2       
,primogeniture     ,abolished2 ,medical 
,intolerance and ,cunning2 ,negro       
,turning ,white2     ,the ,cure of      
,hydrophobia2 ,john ,swinton's ,paper2  
,women's ,rights     and ,progress2     
,co-,education2 ,spirit writing2        
,progress of the     ,marvellous        
,chapter ,,vii4--,practical ,utility of 
,anthropology 7,concluded7   ,chapter   

,,viii4--,the ,origin and ,foundation of
 the ,new ,anthropology     ,,the       
,,concord ,,symposium ,,and ,,their     
,,greatest ,,contribution ,,to          
,,philosophy4   ,let no one accuse the  
critic of irreverence1 who doubts the   
wisdom of universities1 and of pedantic 
scholars who burrow like moles in the   
mouldering remnants of antiquity1 but   
see nothing of the glorious sky         
overhead4 ,while ,i have no reverence   
for barren or wasted intellect1 ,i have 
the profoundest respect for the fruitful
 intellect which produces valuable      
results--for the vast energy of the     
lower class of intellectual powers1     
which have developed our immense wealth 
of the physical sciences and their      
useful applications4 ,indescribably     
grand they are4 ,the mathematicians1    
chemists1 geologists1 astronomers1      
botanists1 zoologists1 anatomists1 and  
the numerous masters of dynamic sciences
 and arts1 have lifted the world out of 
the ruder elements of barbarism and     

suffering4  ,but1 as for the class of   
speculative talkers1 whose              
self-sufficiency prompts them to assume 
the name of philosophers1 to which they 
have no right1 what have they ever done 
either to promote human welfare1 or to  
assist human enlightenment and reveal   
the mysteries of life8 ,have they not   
always been as blind as owls1 bats1 and 
moles1 to daylight progress8 ,are they  
not at this time utterly and            
unconsciously blind to the progress of  
spiritual sciences1 to the revelations  
of psychometry and anthropology--placing
 themselves1 indeed1 in that hopeless   
class who are too ignorant to know their
 ignorance1 too far in the dark to know 
or suspect that there is any light8  ,a 
remnant of these worshippers of         
antiquity still holds its seances at    
,concord1 ,mass41 and publishes its     
amazingly dry ,journal of ,speculative  
,philosophy4 ,with the unconscious      
solemnity of earnestness1 it still digs 
into ,aristotle's logic and             

speculations--the dryest material that  
was ever used to benumb the brains of   
young collegians1 and teach them how not
 to reason1 for ,aristotle never had a  
glimmering conception of what the       
process of reasoning is4 ,yet all       
,concordians are not ,aristotelians2    
some of them have more modern ideas1 and
 a vigorous1 though misdirected1        
mentality4  ,prof4 ,w4 ,t4 ,harris1 the 
leader of the ,concordians1 to whose    
lucubrations the newspapers give ample  
space1 as those of the representative   
man1 made a second attempt to explore   
the ,aristotelian darkness1 in which his
 first essay was totally lost4  ,if     
there is but a step from the sublime to 
the ridiculous1 it is not even a step   
from the absurd to the ludicrous and    
amusing4 ,the professional wit or joker 
is never so richly amusing as the man   
who is utterly unconscious that he is in
 the least funny1 while heroically in   
earnest4 ,the professed comedian never  
furnishes so much amusement as the      

would-be heroic tragedian1 who1 like the
 ,count ,joannes1 furnishes uproarious  
merriment for the whole evening4  ,i    
have seen nothing in our ,boston        
newspapers quite so amusing as the very 
friendly and sympathetic report of      
,prof4 ,harris' most elaborate and      
laborious comments on the ,,syllogisms1 
which reminds one of ,hopkinson's       
metaphysical and elaborate disquisition 
on the nature1 properties1 relations1   
and essential entity of a salt-box4 ,we 
do not laugh at the professor as we did 
at ,daniel ,pratt1 the ,great ,american 
,traveller1 whose travels are now ended2
 for1 aside from his metaphysical       
follies1 ,prof4 ,harris is a man of real
 merit and great intellectual industry1 
whose services in education will entitle
 him to be remembered2 but when the     
metaphysical impulse seizes him1    ,who
 would not laugh if such a fool there   
be1   ,who would not weep if ,atticus   
were he4  ,the lecture of ,prof4 ,harris
 was reported in the ,boston ,herald1 in

 the style of a gushing girl with her   
first lover1 as a ,,new ,,step ,,in     
,,the ,,history ,,of ,,philosophy1      
attended by a full audience as a rare   
treat like buckwheat-cakes fresh from   
the griddle1 for ,prof4 ,harris took a  
decidedly new step in ,philosophy1      
giving an insight which no philosopher1 
ancient or modern1 has attained4 ,again1
 speaking of it privately1 ,prof4       
,harris said1 ,i got hold of the idea   
three or four years ago1 and ,i have    
been trying to work it out since4 ,i    
regard it as my best contribution to    
philosophy4 ,montes parturiunt1 ,what do
 they bring forth8 ,is it a mouse of    
respectable size8 ,the ,boston ,herald1 
which is generally smart1 though never  
profound1 says of the symposium1 ,it has
 set up ,aristotle this year as its     
golden calf to be worshipped4 ,but when 
you ask the question1 what does all this
 talk amount to1 it is difficult to give
 an affirmative answer4 ,it is simply   
threshing straw over1 again and again4  

,but it is not aware that the ,concord  
straw is merely the dried weeds that    
,lord ,bacon cut up and threw out of the
 field of respectable literature over   
two hundred and sixty years ago4 ,what  
man 7says the ,herald71 with any serious
 purpose in life1 has any time to waste 
over what somebody thinks ,aristotle    
ought to have thought or said4 ,and my  
readers may ask1 why give the valuable  
space of the ,,journal ,,of ,,man to    
examining such trash8 ,precisely because
 it is trash1 and yet occupies a place  
of honor1 standing in the way of        
progress and representing the tendencies
 of education for centuries1 which still
 survive1 though they may be said to    
have gone to seed4 ,concord represents  
,university philosophy1 as a dude       
represents fashion1 and as ,university  
philosophy is a haughty antagonist of   
all genuine philosophy1 it is important 
to illustrate its worthlessness4  ,the  
subject of ,prof4 ,harris' lecture was  
,aristotle's ,theory of the ,syllogism1 

,compared with that of ,hegel4 ,as these
 two were the great masters of          
obscurantism1 the lecture should have   
been1 of course1 as perfect a specimen  
as either of darkness and emptiness4    
,omitting the definitions of syllogisms1
 which are familiar to all collegians1  
but too intolerably tedious to be       
inflicted on my readers1 we find a very 
unexpected specimen of common sense     
following the talk about syllogisms1    
which embodied ,aristotle's ideas of    
,reason4 ,here it is3 ,logic is often   
called the art of reasoning1 and many   
people study it with a view to mastering
 an art of correct thinking1 hoping     
thereby to get an instrument useful in  
the acquirement of truth4 ,it may be    
doubted1 however1 whether the mind gets 
much aid in the pursuit of truth by     
studying logic4 ,there is no doubt at   
all about it1--not one rational         
individual out of a hundred thousand    
collegians will confess that he ever got
 any benefit in reasoning or in pursuing

 truth from ,aristotle's syllogistic    
formula4 ,all men are mortal--,socrates 
is a man1 and therefore ,socrates is    
mortal4  ,why1 then1 such a flourish of 
trumpets over some new trick in playing 
with syllogism1 when the whole thing is 
utterly worthless8 ,and the ,professor  
upsets himself in his own lecture1 thus3
 ,if the middle tub is contained in the 
big tub1 and the little tub is contained
 in the middle tub1 then the little tub 
is contained in the big tub4 ,hegel     
says3 ,common sense in its reaction     
against such logical formality and      
artificiality turned away in disgust1   
and was of the opinion that it could do 
without such a science as logic4 ,most  
true1 ,philosopher ,hegel1 you have     
absurdities of your own on a gigantic   
scale1 but you do well to reject the    
petty absurdities of ,aristotle4  ,how  
does ,prof4 ,harris rise up from        
,hegel's fatal blow8 ,he rises like     
,antaeus from touching the earth1 and   
triumphantly shows that syllogisms are  

the most necessary of all things to     
humanity in its mundane existence2 that1
 in fact1 we have all been syllogizing  
ever since we left the maternal bosom to
 look at the cradle1 the cat1 and the   
dog4 ,in fact we never could have grown 
up to manhood1 much less to be          
,concordian philosophers1 if we had not 
been syllogizing all the days of our    
life1 and1 indeed1 it is probable we    
shall continue syllogizing to all       
eternity1 in the next life1 if we have  
any growth in knowledge at all4 ,blessed
 be the memory of ,aristotle1 the great 
original and unrivalled discoverer of   
the syllogism1 by means of which all    
human knowledge has been built up1 and  
blessed be the man 7as ,sancho ,panza   
said7 who first invented sleep1 by which
 we are relieved1 to rest after the     
mighty labors of the syllogism4  ,and   
lo6 we have been syllogizing all these  
years1 alike when we listen to the      
nocturnal yowl of the tomcat1 and to the
 morning song of the lark2 alike1 when  

we smell the rose1 seize the orange1 or 
devour the tempting oyster4 ,in         
syllogism do we live and move1 and have 
our being4 ,this is the grand           
discovery--the last great contribution  
to philosophy from ,concord's greatest  
philosopher4 ,we suddenly discover that 
we have been syllogizing like           
philosophers1 as ,mrs4 ,malaprop        
discovered that her children had been   
speaking ,english4 ,the illustration of 
this overwhelming discovery is          
peculiarly happy1 for he applies it to  
the discovery of a red flannel rag in   
the back yard or garden1 and1 after     
detecting the red flannel by syllogism1 
he advances to the grander problem of   
showing how1 by philosophic methods1 we 
can actually distinguish an old tin can 
from an elephant4 ,to enjoy this fully1 
the reader must take it himself from the
 reported lecture4      ,the act of     
recognition is an unconscious           
syllogistic process in     the second   
figure of the syllogism4 ,i perceive    

something scarlet     in the garden4 ,so
 far ,i recognize a host of attributes2 
it is a     real object2 the place1     
surroundings and color are recognized4  
,the sensations were so familiar that   
the recognition was     inconceivably   
rapid4 ,then comes a slower process4    
,the scarlet is     an attribute4 ,what 
can the object be8 ,i think it is a     
piece of     red flannel4 ,the inference
 comes almost to the surface of         
consciousness1 but ,i have reasoned     
unconsciously3 ,this object is     red4 
,a piece of flannel is red2 therefore   
this may be a piece of     red flannel4 
,the middle term is predicate in both   
premises4 ,the     unknown object is    
red4 ,a familiar object 7flannel7 is    
red4     ,hence1 ,i recognize this as   
flannel4 ,i identify the unknown        
object with what is familiar in my mind4
 ,but the logician will     say that    
this reasoning is on the invalid mode of
 the second     figure1 from which you  
can never draw an affirmative           

conclusion4     ,precisely so1 if you   
mean a necessary conclusion4 ,but       
sense-perception uses affirmative modes 
of the second figure and     derives    
probable knowledge therefrom4 ,i make   
probable knowledge     more certain by  
verifying the inference or correcting   
it4 ,i go     to the garden and pick up 
the object1 and see the threads and     
fiber of the wool4 ,or perhaps ,i find  
it was a piece of red     paper4 ,but   
whatever it was1 at the end ,i can say  
what ,i have     seen1 only in so far as
 ,i have recognized or identified it4   
,recognition proceeds by the second     
figure1 and has chiefly the             
non-valid modes4 ,but it may use the    
valid modes1 though in a     still less 
conscious manner4 ,for instance1 ,i     
recognized that the     object was not  
an elephant by this valid form2 every   
elephant is     larger than a tin can2  
this object is not larger than a tin    
can2     therefore1 this object is      
necessarily not an elephant2 or1 by     

this other valid form1 no elephant is as
 small as a tomato can2     this object 
is just the size of a tomato can2 hence 
this object     is not an elephant4 ,had
 some one told me to look out and see an
     elephant1 my perception would      
unconsciously have taken one of         
these forms4 ,the scarlet is recognized 
as such only as it is     identified    
with a previous impression of scarlet4  
,here is our     third surprise in      
psychology4 ,unless there were a priori 
idea1     sense-perception could never  
begin4 ,more1 unless there were a       
priori idea1 it could not begin4 ,for   
there must be two     recognitions      
before there can be a first new idea    
from     sense-perception4 ,the fourth  
surprise is that directly with the      
first activity of perception in the     
second figure of the     syllogism is   
joined a second activity which takes    
place in the     form of the first      
figure of the syllogism4 ,as soon as ,i 
perceived the red object to be a piece  

of flannel1 ,i at once     reinforced my
 sense-perception by unlocking all my   
previous     store of knowledge stored  
up under the category of red flannel4   
,i unconsciously syllogized thus3 ',all 
red flannel has threads of     warp and 
woof and a rough texture1 caused by the 
coarse fibres     of wool curling up    
stiffly2 this is a piece of red flannel2
     hence this will be found to have   
these properties4' ,the act of          
recognition is a subsumption of the     
object under a class by use     of the  
second figure of the syllogism4         
,now begins the syllogistic activity    
under the form of the third     figure4 
,there are a variety of attributes which
 ,i recognize by     the activity of the
 perceiving mind in the form of the     
first     figure1 as it recognizes the  
general classes by the primary          
activity in the form of the second      
figure4 ,these attributes are           
collected around the object as a centre 
of interest1 and it is     now the      

middle term4 ,these give a new element  
of experience1     thus3 ',major--this  
is a tin can2 minor--it lies neglected  
in the     garden2 conclusion--tin cans 
get abandoned to neglect4' ,and so      
on1 as to the use of the contents and   
the value of the can1     running out   
into a long series of inferences4  ,as  
we have now reached the seventh heaven  
of ,concord philosophy1 and know how to 
distinguish an old tin can from an      
elephant1 let us rest in peace1 to      
meditate and enjoy its serene delights4 
,we have had the supreme satisfaction of
 listening to the modern ,plato1 the    
leader at ,concord4 ,the ,herald has    
informed us that on another day the     
school listened with great satisfaction 
to ,prof4 ,harris1 who is constantly    
adding to the deep impression he has    
already made1 and to the high opinion in
 which he is held as the most acute and 
profound thinker of the times1 in his   
field4  ,lest the reader should fail to 
see in the foregoing what the great     

contribution to philosophy is1 let us   
look in the ,open ,court of ,chicago1   
which has a most affectionate partiality
 for metaphysical mystery4 ,it says this
 ,best contribution to philosophy may be
 summed up thus1 ,we can perceive       
nothing but what we can identify with   
what was familiar already4 ,if this were
 true1 the babe could never perceive    
anything1 as it begins without any      
knowledge1 and it would be impossible   
for us to learn anything or acquire any 
new ideas4 ,this is rather an amusing   
discovery6 but it is barely possible or 
conceivable that there are some old     
fossils whose minds are in that         
melancholy condition4  ,p4 ,s4 ,after a 
few hours of repose to recover from     
mental fatigue and digest the new wisdom
 so suddenly let loose upon mankind1 we 
discover the new aspect of the world of 
7,concord7 philosophy4 ,the great       
question of the future will be to       
syllogize or not to syllogize4 ,is it   
possible to distinguish an elephant from

 a tin can by any other method than the 
syllogism8 ,when that question is       
decisively settled1 if it ever can be   
settled 7for metaphysical questions     
generally last through the centuries7   
,prof4 ,harris will have an opportunity 
to win still brighter laurels1 and make 
still greater contributions to          
philosophy1 by finding more syllogisms4 
,will he not prove that mathematics is  
the sphere of syllogism also1 for if two
 and two make four1 does not the        
conception of four assume the position  
of the major predicate1 which is the    
generalized idea of one to a quadruple  
extent1 and also of twos duplicated4    
,thus the major predicate1 that four is 
two twos1 involves the minor that two is
 the half of four and consequently that 
twice two is four4 ,q4 ,e4 ,d4 ,the     
syllogism is irresistible4  ,if ,prof4  
,harris should establish the            
mathematical syllogism and extend its   
power through all the realms of         
mathematics1 as so industrious a thinker

 might easily do1 he will have taken a  
step far in advance of ,plato1 and      
justly deserve a higher rank1 for ,plato
 7see his ,phaedo7 was terribly puzzled 
over the question how one and one make  
two4 ,after much puzzling he decided    
finally that one and one became two by  
participation in duality4 ,this was the 
first great step to introduce philosophy
 into mathematics4 ,let ,prof4 ,harris  
consummate this great work either by    
syllogism or by participation4  ,perhaps
 he may introduce us to a still greater 
surprise by showing that all metaphors  
and poetical figures of speech are      
constructed on syllogistic principles4  
,it can be done1 but we must not lift   
the veil of wisdom too hastily1 or rush 
in where ,concord philosophers fear to  
tread4 ,they have an endless future     
feast in the syllogisms1 if they are    
faithful followers of ,prof4 ,harris4   
,but possibly there may be others       
attracted to ,concord who would give the
 school something less dry than         

metaphysics1 or1 some other sort of     
metaphysics4 ,one of their most esteemed
 orators made a diversion from the      
syllogism by presenting some other idea 
based on ,aristotle1 which ought to     
eclipse the syllogism1 for1 according to
 the report1 he said ,it is the most    
momentous question that can engage the  
human attention4 ,it involves the       
reality of ,god1 of personal existence1 
and freedom among men1 and of           
immortality4  ,immense it must be6      
,dominic ,sampson would surely say      
,prodigious6 ,an attentive study of the 
obscure phraseology of this philosopher 
enables one to discover that the great  
and tragical question concerns the      
reality of reality1 or what the reality 
is1 and whether it is real or not1 and  
how we can find it out4 ,the way to find
 out whether that which we think is1 is 
or is not1 is to go back to ,aristotle1 
who is the only man that ever understood
 the is-ness of the is4 ,as the lecturer
 is reported to say1 ,the first sign of 

a movement in the right direction is the
 serious attention now being devoted in 
many quarters to the writings of        
,aristotle1 who1 in this1 as in many    
other things1 will long remain the      
master of those that know4 ,evidently   
those that don't go to ,aristotle don't 
know anything about life1 freedom1 ,god 
and immortality4 ,how unfortunate we    
are1 and how fortunate the professor is1
 must appear by his answer to the great 
question1 reported as follows3 ,prof4   
,davidson discussed at length the nature
 of phenomena1 taking the underlying    
basis that time and space are relations 
of the real to the phenomenal1 and      
nothing but relations2 also that we not 
only have ideas of reality1 but that    
these ideas are the realities           
themselves4 ,then the question is1 if   
the concept of reality be reality       
itself1 how is this related to          
phenomena8 ,there is a double relation1 
active and passive4 99 99 99 ,eternal   
realities are known to us only as terms 

of phenomena4 ,they are in ourselves1   
and from the exigencies of our          
intelligence4  ,thus we understand      
nothing whatever exists but our own     
cogitations1 or1 as the sailor jocosely 
expressed it--',tis all in my eye--and  
after these many years we are brought   
back to the famous expression of the    
,boston ,transcendentalist1 we should   
not say it rains1 it snows1 we should   
say ,i rain1 ,i snow4 ,this1 gentle1    
patient reader1 is no burlesque1 that   
you have been reading1 it is the wisdom 
of the ,concord ,symposium of professors
 and authors meeting near the end of the
 #aith century1 and basking in the      
smiles of cultured ,boston6 or at least 
that portion which is devoted to the    
,bostonese idea of philosophy1 and      
thinks the feeblest glimmer of antiquity
 worth more than the science of to-day4 
,such indeed are the sentiments of the  
,president of ,boston ,university4 ,and 
as for the wisdom of ,concord1 the ,open
 ,court1 which is good authority1 says3 

,dr4 ,harris and ,prof4 ,davidson are1  
without doubt1 the pillars of the       
school2 but there is some difference of 
opinion as to which is its indispensable
 support4 ,an intelligent spectator     
would say that more metaphysical acumen 
and vigor has been displayed by ,,dr4   
,,edward ,,montgomery than by all the   
remainder of those engaged in the blind 
hunt for philosophy at ,concord4  ,on   
the last day of the ,symposium1 ,july   
#bh1 the report says ,the burden has    
fallen wholly upon ,prof4 ,harris1 and  
he has borne it so as to excite the     
wonder and admiration of his listeners4 
,he went to the very bottom of things as
 far as human thought could go1 and     
there1 as he put it1 was on solid rock1 
with no possibility of scepticism4 ,both
 his forenoon and evening lectures were 
masterly in their way4 ,exactly so2 they
 were unsurpassed as a reproduction of  
the style and manner of the             
,aristotelian folly which held ,europe  
fast in that wretched period called the 

,dark ,ages1 which preceded the dawn of 
intelligence with ,galileo4  ,about one 
half of the reported lectures on        
,aristotle is1 though cloudy1           
intelligible4 ,the remainder is a fair  
specimen of that skimmy-dashy style of  
thought which glances over the surfaces 
of things and never reaches their       
substance or reality1 yet boasts of its 
unlimited profundity because it does not
 know the meaning of profound4 ,such    
thinking must necessarily end in falsity
 and folly1 of which the lecture gives  
many specimens1 which it is worth while 
to quote1 to show what the devotees of  
antiquity call philosophy--thus3        
,if we cannot know the ultimate nature  
of being1 then philosophy     is        
impossible1 for philosophy differs from 
other kind of knowing     by seeking a  
first principle4 ,the objects of        
philosophy then     include those of    
ontology4 ,they are first the nature of 
the     ultimate being of the universe1 
the first principle1 the idea of        

,god4  ,this is not philosophy1 but     
might be called theology1 and not       
legitimate theology even1 but           
supra-theological--for all sane theology
 admits that man cannot know ,god4 ,it  
is a desperate1 insane suggestion that  
we must know the unknowable1 and that if
 we cannot do that we can have no       
philosophy4 ,of course men who think    
this way know nothing of philosophy1 and
 are beyond the reach of reason4        
,again1 in the nature of the truly      
independent and true being1 it sees     
necessary transcendence of space and    
time1 and this is essential immortality4
 ,this is a fair specimen of the        
skimmy-dashy style4 ,immortality is not 
a transcendence of space1 if that means 
anything at all1 but a conscious        
existence without end4 ,perhaps by      
transcendence of space he means filling 
all the space there is1 and going       
considerably beyond it where there is no
 space4  ,his idea of infinity is worthy
 of ,aristotle or ,hegel1 to whom1 in   

fact1 it belongs--he says1              
self-conditioning is the form of the    
whole1 the form of that which is its own
 other4 ,that something should be its   
own other is just as clear as that it   
should be its own mother or father4 ,do 
such expressions represent any ideas1 or
 do metaphysicians use words as a       
substitute for ideas--verily they do1 in
 ,hegelian metaphysics1 and the same    
thing is done in asylums for the insane4
  ,again1 our knowledge of quantity is a
 knowledge of what is universal and     
necessary1 and hence is not derived from
 experience4 ,if this is true of the    
professor1 he knew all of mathematics   
before he opened his eyes in the cradle4
 ,common mortals know nothing of        
quantity or anything else1 until they   
have had a little experience4 ,if we    
know everything that is universal and   
necessary without experience1 the little
 babes must be very wise indeed4        
,again1 causal energy is essentially a  
self-separation1 for in order that a    

cause ,a4 may produce an effect in ,b4  
outside of it1 cause ,a4 must detach or 
separate from itself the influence or   
energy which modifies ,b4 ,what does the
 earth detach from itself when it causes
 a heavy body to fall8 ,in chemical     
catalysis what does the second body     
detach from itself to produce change in 
the first1 which is changed by its mere 
presence4 ,the assertion is but         
partially true1 applying only to the    
transfer of force when one body strikes 
another4 ,aristotle has some thoroughly 
absurd suggestions on the same subject  
which ,professor ,h4 did not reproduce4 
,how does he grapple with the idea of   
,god1 which is the essence of his       
philosophy8 ,here it is3 ,the first     
principle as pure self-activity1 must   
necessarily have the permanent form of  
knowing of knowing1 for this root form  
of self-consciousness is entirely       
self-related4 ,the self sees the        
essential self1 the self-activity is the
 object of self4 ,we are instructed6    

,god knows he knows1 and that is the    
very essence of his divinity--that is   
enough4 ,in this profound expression we 
have the consummation of philosophy1 for
 the purpose of his philosophy is to    
know ,god1 ,nunc dimittis1 we need to   
know nothing more1--we know we know1 and
 so we are ,god's4 ,this line of thought
 brought up at every step some phase of 
,plato and ,aristotle1 said the         
professor1 and we are thankful that he  
did not resurrect any more of the       
puerilities of ,athenian ignorance4     
,knowing of knowing is quite enough1    
which he repeats to be emphatic4 ,all   
true being is in the form of the        
infinite or self-related1 and related to
 itself as the knowing of knowing4 ,all 
beings that are not this perfect form of
 self-knowing1 either potentially or    
actually1 must be parts of a system or  
world order which is produced in some   
way by true being or self-knowing4 ,all 
potential self-knowings contain within  
themselves the power to realize their   

self-knowledge1 and are therefore free  
beings4 ,this is a broad hint that men  
are gods and lands us in that realm of  
folly of which ,mrs4 ,eddy is the       
presiding genius4 ,she is much indebted 
to the ,concord philosophers for lending
 their respectability to her labyrinth  
of self-contradictions4  ,one quotation 
more1 to give the essence of this       
,concord philosophy4 ,the ,divine ,being
 exists for himself as one object4 ,this
 gives us the ,logos1 or the            
only-begotten4 ,the ,logos knows himself
 as personal perfection1 and also as    
generated1 though in an infinite past   
time4 ,this is its recognition of its   
first principle and its unbegotten      
',father4' ,but whatever it knows in    
self-consciousness1 it creates or makes 
to exist1 and more of the same sort4    
,we are overwhelmed with such a flood of
 wisdom6 ,how the professor attained so 
intimate1 familiar1 and perfect a       
knowledge of the infinite power1 to     
which the fathomless depths of starry   

infinity are as nothing1 is a great     
mystery4 ,was it by ,kabbala or by      
,thaumaturgy1 or did he follow the      
sublime instructions of his great       
brother ,plato1 and thrust his head     
through the revolving dome of the       
universe1 where the infinite truth is   
seen in materialized forms4  ,the       
,divine ,plato 7of whom ,emerson said1  
,plato is philosophy1 and philosophy is 
,plato7 described the immortal ,gods as 
driving up in chariots through the dome 
of the heavens to get upon the roof1 and
 look abroad at infinite truth1 as they 
stand or drive upon the revolving dome1 
followed by ambitious souls who barely  
get their heads through the roof with   
difficulty1 and catch a hasty glimpse of
 infinite truth1 before they tumble     
back1 or lame their wings1 or perhaps   
drop into the body of some brute4 ,the  
revolving dome and the ambitious souls  
peeping through the roof1 would be a    
good subject for the next symposium4    
,they might tell us whether these       

ambitious souls that peep through the   
roof are ,concordian philosophers1 or   
belong to the schools of ,aquinas and   
,duns ,scotus4  ,the philosophy of the  
,greeks is worth no more to-day than    
their chemistry or their physiology4    
,the lingering superstition of believing
 because they had famous warriors1      
orators1 statesmen1 historians1 poets1  
and sculptors1 while entirely ignorant  
of science and philosophy1 that their   
philosophic puerilities are worthy of   
adoration in the #aith century1 a       
superstition which makes a fetish of the
 writings of ,plato and ,aristotle1 has 
been tolerated long enough1 and as no   
one has attempted to give a critical    
estimate of this effete literature since
 ,lord ,bacon did something in that way1
 ,i shall not much longer postpone this 
duty4         99       99       99      
99       99  ,,rectification ,,of       
,,cerebral ,,science4--,in the ,october 
number the rectification of cerebral    
science as to psychic functions will be 

shown by appropriate engravings1 showing
 how far the discoveries and doctrines  
of ,gall and ,spurzheim are sustained by
 positive science4 ,in the further      
development of the subject1 hereafter1  
the true value and proper position of   
the discoveries of ,ferrier1 and the    
continental vivisectionists will be     
explained1 though but meagre            
contributions to psychology1 they       
furnish very valuable additional        
information as to the functions of the  
brain4     ,,human ,,longevity4   ,is   
not longevity in some sense a measure of
 true civilization or improvement of the
 race8 ,it is certainly an evidence of  
conformity to the ,divine laws of life  
and health1 which reward right action   
with happiness1 health1 and long life4  
,i cannot1 therefore1 think the study of
 longevity unimportant4 ,to every one of
 us it is a vital question1 for death is
 regarded as the greatest calamity1 and 
is the severest penalty of angry        
enemies1 or of outraged laws4  ,it is   

our duty as well as privilege to perfect
 our constitution1 and see that it does 
not wear out too soon1 that we are not  
prematurely called away from our duties4
 ,and ,i bring it as serious charge     
against modern systems of education1    
that they tend to degenerate mankind1 to
 impair the constitution and to shorten 
life4 ,that we should not submit to     
this1 but should all aspire to live a   
century or longer1 if we have a fair    
opportunity1 ,i seriously maintain1 and 
that my readers may be inspired with a  
like determination1 ,i take pleasure in 
quoting examples4  ,in ,dr4 ,cohausen's 
,,hermippus ,,redivivus republished in  
#agdd1 ,i find the following statements3
 ,it is very remarkable1 that not only  
the sacred writers1 but all the ancient 
,chaldean1 ,egyptian1 and ,chinese      
authors speak of the great ages of such 
as lived in early times1 and this with  
such confidence that ,xenophon1 ,pliny1 
and other judicious persons receive     
their testimony without scruple4 ,but to

 come down to later times1 ,attila1     
,king of the ,huns1 who reigned in the  
fifth century1 lived to #abd1 and then  
died of excess1 the first night of his  
second nuptials with one of the most    
beautiful princesses of that age4       
,piastus1 ,king of ,poland1 who from the
 rank of a peasant was raised to that of
 a prince1 in the year #hbd1 lived to be
 #abj1 and governed his subjects with   
such ability to the very last1 that his 
name is still in the highest veneration 
amongst his countrymen4 ,marcus         
,valerius ,corvinus1 a ,roman ,consul1  
was celebrated as a true patriot and a  
most excellent person in private life1  
by the elder ,cato1 and yet ,corvinus   
was then upwards of a hundred4          
,hippocrates1 the best of physicians    
lived to an #ajd1 but ,asclepiades1 a   
,persian physician1 reached #aej4 ,galen
 lived in undisturbed health to #ajd2   
,sophocles1 the tragic poet1 lived to   
#acj2 ,democritus1 the philosopher1     
lived to #ajd2 and ,euphranor taught his

 scholars at upward of #ajj2 and yet    
what are these to ,epiminedes of ,crete1
 who1 according to ,theopompus1 an      
unblemished historian1 lived to upwards 
of #aeg4 ,i mention these1 because1 if  
there be any truth or security in       
history1 we may rely as firmly on the   
facts recorded of them as on any facts  
whatever4 ,pliny gives an account that  
in the city of ,parma1 there were two of
 #acj years of age1 three of #abj1 at a 
certain taxation1 or rather visitation1 
and in many cities of ,italy1 people    
much older1 particularly at ,ariminium1 
one ,marcus ,apponius1 who was #aej4    
,vincent ,coquelin1 a clergyman1 died at
 ,paris in #affd1 at #aab4 ,lawrence    
,hutland1 lived in the ,orkneys to #agj4
 ,james ,sands1 an ,englishman1 towards 
the latter end of the last century1 died
 at #adj1 and his wife at #abj4 ,in     
,sweden1 it is a common thing to meet   
with people above #ajj1 and ,rudbekius  
affirms from bills of mortality signed  
by his brother1 who was a bishop1 that  

in the small extent of twelve parishes1 
there died in the space of thirty-seven 
years1 #bcb men1 between #ajj and #adj  
years of age1 which is the more         
credible1 since in the diet assembled by
 the late ,queen of ,sweden1 in #agac1  
the oldest and best speaker among the   
deputies from the order of ,peasants was
 considerably above #ajj4 ,these        
accounts1 however1 are far short of what
 might be produced from ,africa and     
,north ,america1 that ,i confine myself 
to such accounts as are truly authentic4
 ,all of these instances the doctor     
sustains by reference to his            
authorities4  ,to the foregoing he adds 
the examples of teachers and persons who
 associate with the young1 to which he  
ascribes great value in promoting       
longevity4 ,thus1 ,gorgias1 the master  
of ,isocrates1 and many other eminent   
persons1 lived to be #ajh4 ,his scholar1
 ,isocrates1 in the #idth year of his   
age published a book1 and survived the  
publication four years1 in all which    

time he betrayed not the least failure1 
either in memory or in judgment2 he died
 with the reputation of being the most  
eloquent man in ,greece4 ,xenophilus1 an
 eminent ,pythagorean philosopher1      
taught a numerous train of students till
 he arrived at the age of #aje1 and even
 then enjoyed a very perfect health1 and
 left this world before his abilities   
left him4 ,platerus tells us that his   
grandfather1 who exercised the office of
 a preceptor to some young nobleman1    
married a woman of thirty when he was in
 the #ajjth year of his age4 ,his son by
 this marriage did not stay like his    
father1 but took him a wife when he was 
twenty2 the old man was in full health  
and spirits at the wedding1 and lived   
six years afterward4 ,francis ,secordo  
,horigi1 usually distinguished by the   
name of ,huppazoli1 was consul for the  
,state of ,venice in the island of      
,scio1 where he died in the beginning of
 #agjb1 when he was very near #aae4 ,he 
married in ,scio when he was young1 and 

being much addicted to the fair sex1 he 
had in all five wives1 and fifteen or   
twenty concubines1 all of them young1   
beautiful women1 by whom he had         
forty-nine sons and daughters1 whom he  
educated with the utmost tenderness1 and
 was constantly with them1 as much as   
his business would permit4 ,he was never
 sick4 ,his sight1 hearing1 memory1 and 
activity were amazing4 ,he walked every 
day about eight miles2 his hair1 which  
was long and graceful1 became white by  
the time that he was four-score1 but    
turned black at #ajj1 as did his        
eyebrows and beard at #aab4 ,at #aaj he 
lost all his teeth1 but the year before 
he died he cut two large ones with great
 pain4 ,his food was generally a few    
spoonfuls of broth1 after which he ate  
some little thing roasted2 his breakfast
 and supper1 bread and fruit2 his       
constant drink1 distilled water1 without
 any addition of wine or other strong   
liquor to the very last4 ,he was a man  
of strict honor1 of great abilities1 of 

a free1 pleasant1 and sprightly temper1 
as we are told by many travellers1 who  
were all struck with the good sense and 
good humor of this polite old man4  ,in 
the same country 7as ,thomas ,parr7     
lived the famous ,countess of ,desmond4 
,from deeds1 settlements1 and other     
indisputable testimonies it appeared    
clearly that she was upwards of #adj1   
according to the computation of the     
great ,lord ,bacon1 who knew her        
personally1 and remarks this            
particularity about her1 that she thrice
 changed her teeth4  ,the stern         
scepticism of the medical profession and
 especially among its leaders has borne 
so heavily against all cheerful views of
 life and longevity1 that at the risk of
 becoming monotonous ,i again refer to  
this subject and present examples of    
longevity which cannot be denied1 in    
addition to the list previously given4  
,medical collegiate scepticism can deny 
anything4 ,ultra sceptics deny          
centenarian life1 as they also denied   

the existence of hydrophobia1 while     
those who admitted its existence denied 
its curability4  ,connecticut alone     
furnishes a good supply of centenarians4
 ,three years ago ,mr4 ,frederick ,nash1
 of ,westport1 ,conn1 published a       
pamphlet giving the old people living in
 ,connecticut1 including twenty-three   
centenarians1 whom he described4 ,the   
names of twelve of these were as        
follows3    ,edmund ,r4 ,kidder1 of     
,berlin1 ,aug4 #ag1 #aghd4   ,jeremiah  
,austin1 ,coventry1 ,feb4 #aj1 #aghc4   
,mrs4 ,lucy ,luther1 ,hadlyme1 ,jan4 #f1
 #aghd4   ,walter ,pease1 ,enfield1     
,march #bi1 #aghd4   ,egbert ,cowles1   
,farmington1 ,april #d1 #aghe4   ,mrs4  
,eunice ,hollister1 ,glastonbury1 ,aug4 
#i1 #aghd4   ,mrs4 ,elsie ,chittenden1  
,guilford1 ,april #bd1 #aghd4   ,miss   
,eunice ,saxton1 ,colchester1 ,sept4 #f1
 #aghd4   ,marvin ,smith1 ,montville1   
,nov4 #ah1 #aghd4   ,mrs4 ,phebe        
,briggs1 ,sherman1 ,nov4 #af1 #aghd4    
,mrs4 ,elizabeth ,buck1 ,wethersfield1  

,jan4 #aj1 #aghd4   ,mrs4 ,clarissa ,d4 
,raymond1 ,milton1 ,april #bb1 #aghb4   
,the others are either of foreign birth 
or former slaves1 whose precise ages    
cannot be established4  ,in addition to 
this list the newspapers gave us ,mrs4  
,abigail ,ford of ,washington1 born in  
#aghj1 ,mr4 ,darby ,green of ,reading1  
born in #aggi1 ,tryphena ,jackson1      
colored1 born in #aghb1 and ,wm4        
,hamilton1 ,irish1 also in #aghb2 and an
 old sailor in ,new ,haven town house   
claims to have been born in #aggh4  ,the
 very careful investigation of          
,connecticut by ,mr4 ,nash shows that   
the duration of human life in this      
,state is greater than it was a         
generation ago4 ,then only one person in
 #ejj lived to see #hj years4 ,now one  
per cent of the population live to that 
age4 ,the average age of #f1bbc persons 
is #hc years4 ,the number of ages       
ranging from #hd to #hi years is large1 
and those who are #ij and over number   
#fea2 nine are #ii1 thirteen are #ih1   

and eleven are #ig4 ,no age of less than
 #hj years has been recorded4  ,it may  
be pleasing to our grandmothers to know 
that in this list of more than #f1jjj1  
more than #d1jjj are women1 and that    
only eight of the twenty centenarians   
are men4 ,the list adds strength to what
 has already been held as true1 that    
married people always live longer than  
single1 and it also shows that two      
spinsters have begun their second       
century4 ,they are accompanied on the   
list by two sturdy bachelors4  ,in a    
sketch of centenarians published in     
,november1 #ahhd1 are given the names of
 ,nathaniel ,h4 ,cole of ,greenwich1 ,r4
 ,i41 born in #aghc1 ,royal ,c4         
,jameson1 ,papakating1 ,n4 ,j41 born in 
#aghd1 ,wm4 ,jovel of ,new ,jersey1 and 
,luther ,catlin of ,bridgewater1 ,pa41  
born in #aghd4 ,the last three took an  
active part in the last presidential    
election4  ,in ,maine were reported     
,mrs4 ,sally ,powers1 ,augusta1 believed
 to be born in #aggh1 ,mrs4 ,thankful   

,donnel of ,west ,bath1 #aja1 ,mrs4     
,betsy ,moody1 #ajb1 ,mrs4 ,philip      
,pervear of ,sedgwick1 #aje1 ,jotham    
,johnson of ,durham1 #ajj1 ,mrs4 ,small 
of ,bowdoinham1 #ajj4 ,if alive to-day1 
they are three years older4  ,in        
,vermont1 from #ahha to #ahhd1 sixteen  
centenarians died2 and in the last      
census of the ,united ,states there were
 #cbb4  ,in looking over my records ,i  
find so many other examples of          
centenarian life that ,i shall not weary
 the reader by their repetition1 but    
examples running for over a century may 
be worth mentioning4 ,madame ,lacene1   
one of the most brilliant women of      
,france1 died a few years ago at ,lyons 
in her #ajdth year4 ,her will was under 
contest on account of her extreme age1  
but the court was fully satisfied of her
 intellectual competence4 ,in the olden 
time she had often entertained ,mme4 de 
,stael1 ,mme4 ,recamier1 and ,benj4     
,constant4  ,the oldest person in       
,france1 perhaps in the world1 is said  

to be a woman who lives in the village  
of ,auberive1 in ,royans4 ,she was born 
,march #af1 #agfa1 and is therefore #abe
 years old4 ,the authentic record of her
 birth is to be found in the parish     
register of ,st4 ,just de ,claix1 in the
 department of the ,isere4--,scientific 
,american4  ,among the professors at    
,german universities there were no fewer
 than #aeg between the ages of seventy  
and ninety1 of whom #abb still deliver  
lectures1 seven of these being between  
eighty-five and eighty-nine years of    
age4 ,the oldest1 ,von ,ranke1 was in   
active service in his #ijth year4       
,elennich1 of ,breslau1 only thirty-nine
 days younger1 still shows energy in    
anything he puts his hands to4  ,mrs4   
,henry ,alphonse of ,concord1 ,mo41 over
 #aje1 retained her memory and eyesight 
without glasses till after #ajd4 ,mr4   
,charles ,crowley died at ,suncook1 ,n4 
,h4 over #ajd4 ,frank ,bogkin1 a colored
 man of ,montgomery1 ,ala41 was believed
 to be #aae at his death recently4 ,when

 he was about #fj years old1 he earned  
money and purchased his freedom4 ,tony  
,morgan1 a blind negro1 was recently    
living at ,mobile1 #aje years old4      
,pompey ,graham of ,montgomery1 ,n4 ,y41
 lately died at #aai1 and retained his  
faculties4 ,phebe ,jenkins of ,beaufort 
,county1 ,south ,carolina1 was believed 
to be #abj years old when she died about
 a year ago4 ,mrs4 ,louisa ,elgin of    
,seymour1 ,indiana1 whose mother lived  
to be #aae1 was recently living at #aje4
  ,jennie ,white1 a colored woman1 died 
in ,st4 ,joseph1 ,mo41 ,monday last1    
aged #abb years4 ,she was born in the   
eastern part of ,georgia1 and when      
twenty years of age was taken to        
,tennessee1 where she remained for      
ninety-six years4 ,she had lived in ,st4
 ,joseph about ten years4 ,she was a    
cook for ,captain ,waterfall1 of ,george
 ,washington's staff1 during the war of 
the ,revolution4 ,she remembered the    
death of ,washington well1 and used to  
tell a number of interesting stories    

about early times4 ,she died in full    
possession of all her mental faculties1 
but was a cripple and helpless4  ,,males
 ,,and ,,females4--,in the first number 
of the ,,journal it was stated that     
although women were from two to six per 
cent more numerous in population1 more  
males were born by four to sixteen per  
cent4 ,this was a typographical error2  
it should have been from four to six per
 cent1 generally four4 ,the greatest    
excess of males is in illegitimate      
births4 ,the reversal of proportions in 
the progress of life shows that the male
 mortality is much greater than the     
female4 ,hence the more tranquil habits 
and greater predominance of the moral   
nature in women increases their         
longevity1 while the greater indulgence 
of the passions and appetites1 the      
greater muscular and intellectual force 
among men1 are hostile to longevity4    
,hence the establishment of a true      
religion1 or the application of the ,new
 ,education1 will greatly increase      

longevity4 ,it will also be increased by
 greater care of health in manufacturing
 establishments1 and by diminishing the 
hours of labor2 for exhausting physical 
labor not only shortens life but        
predisposes to intemperance4 ,the       
injurious effect of excessive toil is   
shown in the shorter lives of the poor1 
and is enforced by ,finlaison's ,report 
on ,friendly ,societies to the ,british 
,parliament1 which says 7p4 #baa7 ,the  
practicable difference in the           
distribution of sickness seems to turn  
upon the amount of the expenditure of   
physical force4 ,this is no new thing1  
for in all ages the enervation and      
decrepitude of the bodily frame has been
 observed to follow a prodigal waste of 
the mental or corporeal energies4 ,but  
it has been nowhere previously          
established upon recorded experience    
that the quantum of sickness annually   
falling to the lot of man is in a direct
 proportion to the demands upon his     
muscular power4 ,so it would seem1      

however4  ,philanthropists should       
therefore unite in limiting the hours of
 daily labor to ten or less4 ,but more  
quiet pursuits have greater endurance2  
women keeping house have no ten hour    
limit1 and the editor of the ,,journal  
generally gives more than twelve hours a
 day to his daily labor4  ,a ,,negro    
#ace ,,years ,,old4--,the ,st4 ,louis   
,globe ,democrat says3 ,james ,james1 a 
negro1 and citizen of the ,united       
,states1 who resides at ,santa ,rosa1   
,mexico1 is probably the oldest man on  
earth4 ,he was born near ,dorchester1   
,s4 ,c41 in #ageb1 and while an infant  
was removed to ,medway ,river1 ,ga41 in 
the same year that ,franklin brought    
down electricity from the thunder       
clouds4 ,in #aggb there was quite an    
immigration into ,south ,carolina1 and  
his master1 ,james ,james 7from whom he 
takes his name71 moved near ,charleston1
 ,s4 ,c41 in company with a number of   
his neighbors4 ,on ,june #d1 #aggf1 when
 #bd years of age1 a large ,british     

fleet1 under ,sir ,peter ,parker1       
arrived off ,charleston4 ,the citizens  
had erected a palmetto-wood fort on     
,sullivan's ,island1 with twenty-six    
guns1 manned by #ejj troops under ,col4 
,moultrie1 and on ,june #bh the ,british
 made an attack by land and water1 and  
were compelled to withdraw after a      
ten-hours' conflict4 ,it was during this
 fight that ,sergeant ,jasper           
distinguished himself by replacing the  
flag1 which had been shot away upon the 
bastion on a new staff4 ,his master1    
,james ,james1 manned one of the guns in
 this fight1 and ,jim1 the subject of   
this sketch1 with four other slaves1    
were employed around the fort as general
 laborers4 ,jim followed his master     
throughout the war1 and was with ,gen4  
,moultrie at ,port ,royal1 ,s4 ,c41     
,feb4 #c1 #aggi1 when ,moultrie defeated
 the combined ,british forces of        
,prevost and ,campbell4 ,his master was 
surrendered by ,gen4 ,lincoln at        
,charleston1 ,s4 ,c41 on ,feb4 #ab1     

#aghj1 to the ,british forces1 and this 
ends ,jim's military career4  ,he       
remembers of the rejoicing in #agib     
throughout the country in consequence of
 ,washington's election to the          
,presidency1 he then being #dj years of 
age4 ,in this year his first master     
died1 aged about #fj years4 ,jim then   
became the property of ,marse ,henry    
7,henry ,james71 owning large estates   
and about thirty slaves near            
,charleston4 ,on account of having      
raised ,marse ,henry1 ,jim was a special
 favorite with his master1 and was      
allowed to do as he chose4 ,his second  
master1 ,henry1 died in #ahae1 about #ee
 years of age1 and ,jim1 now at #fc     
years of age1 became the property of    
,james ,james1 ,henry's second son4 ,in 
#ahcc the railroad from ,charleston to  
,savannah was completed1 then the       
longest railroad in the world1 and ,jim1
 with his master1 took a trip over the  
road1 and was shown special favors on   
account of his age1 now #ha4 ,james     

,james was ten years of age at his      
father's death1 and when he became of   
age he inherited large estates1 slaves1 
etc41 among whom were old ,uncle ,jim   
and his family4 ,james ,james in #ahee  
moved to ,texas with all his slaves4 ,he
 desired that his slaves should be free 
at his death1 and in #aheh moved into   
,mexico1 so that they could be free     
before his death4 ,james returned to the
 ,united ,states and died in ,texas1 and
 in #ahfe1 after there were no longer   
slaves in the ,united ,states1 ,uncle   
,jim's children and grandchildren       
returned to the ,united ,states4 ,five  
years ago1 at the age of #acj1 ,jim     
could do light chores1 but subsisted    
mostly by contributions from the        
citizens1 but for the past two years1   
not being able to walk1 he remains for  
the most part in his little jacal1 his  
wants being supplied by generous        
neighbors4 ,the rheumatism in his legs  
prevents him from walking4  ,so many    
cases of great longevity have recently  

been announced1 that their detailed     
publication would be tedious4 ,the ,new 
,york ,sun says3 ,a town in ,cuba prides
 itself upon being the home of eleven   
women1 each of whom is over #ajj years  
of age4 ,according to the census of     
,germany1 ,december1 #ahge1 there were  
#afj persons over #ajj years of age1 of 
whom there was one woman of #aae years1 
and another of #aag1 one man of #aah1   
and another of #abj4 ,our own country   
has a better record of longevity than   
this4  ,let us rest content with the    
fact that the world has many            
centenarians1 and that we too are free  
to live a hundred years1 if our         
ancestors have done their duty in       
transmitting a good constitution1 and we
 have done our duty in preserving it4   
,,miscellaneous ,,intelligence4   ,,an  
,,important ,,discovery4--,in the ,new  
,education ,i have endeavored to show   
that there are qualities of the         
atmosphere which science has not yet    
recognized1 which are of the highest    

importance to human health1 and that an 
atmosphere may have vitalizing or       
devitalizing qualities with apparently  
the same chemical composition1 because  
some vitalizing element has been added  
or subtracted4  ,this vitalizing        
element1 though analogous to            
electricity1 is not identical with it4  
,we find it absent in a room that has   
been recently plastered1 and is not     
quite dry4 ,sleeping in such a room is  
positively dangerous4 ,we find the same 
negative depressing condition wherever  
evaporation has been going on in the    
absence of sunlight1 which appears to   
supply the needful element4  ,as        
evaporation carries off this vitalizing 
element1 precipitation or condensation  
seems to supply it1 especially          
precipitation from the upper regions of 
the atmosphere to which it is carried by
 evaporation1 and to which it is        
supplied by sunshine4 ,hence we         
experience a delightful freshness of the
 atmosphere after a summer shower1 or on

 a frosty morning1 when the moisture is 
not only precipitated1 but condensed    
into frost4 ,frost gives off more of the
 exhilarating element of watery vapor   
than dew1 because it is a step farther  
in condensation4 ,hence there is a      
healthful1 bracing influence in cold    
climates1 where all the moisture is     
firmly frozen1 and a very unpleasant1   
depressing influence when a thaw begins4
 ,the vicinity of melting snow1 or a    
melting iceberg1 is unpleasant and      
promotive of catarrh and pulmonary      
diseases4  ,the pleasant influence of   
the fresh shower ceases when the fallen 
moisture begins to evaporate1 and the   
dewy freshness of the early morn before 
sunrise ceases as the dew evaporates4   
,the most painfully depressing          
atmosphere is that which sometimes comes
 in cold weather from ,northern regions 
which have long been deprived of        
sunshine4  ,this element of health1     
which physiologists have neglected to   
investigate1 has recently been sought by

 ,dr4 ,b4 ,w4 ,richardson of ,england4  
,the ,popular ,science ,news 7of        
,boston7 says3--      ,dr4 ,b4 ,w4      
,richardson of ,england1 in making some 
investigations     upon the             
physiological effects of breathing pure 
oxygen by     various animals1 has      
discovered1 that1 by simply passing the 
gas     a few times through the lungs1  
it becomes devitalized1 or     incapable
 of supporting life1 although its       
chemical composition     remains the    
same1 and all carbonic dioxide and other
 impurities     are removed4 ,he also   
found1 that1 by passing electric sparks 
through the gas1 it became revitalized1 
and regained its usual     stimulating  
effect upon the animal economy4 ,the    
devitalized     oxygen would still      
support life in cold-blooded animals1   
and     combustible bodies would burn in
 it as brilliantly as ever4 ,dr4        
,richardson considers that1 while the   
gas is in contact with the     tissues  
or blood of a warm-blooded animal1 some 

quality     essential to its            
life-supporting power is lost4 ,the     
subject is     an interesting and       
important one1 and deserves a more      
thorough     investigation4   ,,jennie  
,,collins has passed on to her reward   
above4 ,it would be wrong to neglect    
mentioning the remarkable career of this
 devoted woman1 who for thirty-five     
years has been the guardian angel of the
 poor and struggling women of ,boston4  
,rising from friendless poverty1 she    
became widely known as a champion of    
human rights1 and woman's rights1 and1  
finally1 as the founder and             
indefatigable sustainer of that         
benevolent institution widely known as  
,boffin's bower4 ,her literary powers   
were finely displayed in a little volume
 entitled ,nature's ,aristocracy1 and   
her mental vigor was shown in many      
public addresses4 ,jennie ,collins was a
 noble illustration of the best form of 
,spiritualism4 ,she was accompanied1    
inspired1 and sustained by spirit       

influence1 but did not deem it expedient
 to let this fact be generally known4   
,the world is not yet enlightened4      
,,greek ,,philosophy4--,the essential   
pedantic stupidity of ,aristotle's      
logic1 and its power to belittle and    
benumb the intelligence of its          
reverential students has been shown in  
every college where this effete study is
 kept up4 ,we have no better            
illustration of late than its effect on 
,prof4 ,harris1 who is a very           
intelligent and useful citizen1 but who 
has been so befogged by such studies as 
to suppose that his pedantic talk about 
syllogisms embodies an important        
contribution to philosophy1 and indeed  
it was announced as such by his         
reporter4 ,the superstitious reverence  
for ,greek literature is impressed on   
all young collegians1 and few recover   
from it4 ,sir ,william ,hamilton and ,r4
 ,w4 ,emerson1 who were much more       
intellectual and brilliant than ,prof4  
,harris1 were as badly afflicted as he  

with this ,greek superstition1 which has
 been implanted in school boys so young 
that it dominates their whole lives with
 the energy of a prenatal condition4    
,the only very silly things ever written
 by the brilliant ,emerson were those   
passages in which he speaks of ,plato2  
and the silliest thing in the life of   
,hamilton is the way in which he exulted
 over some trivial modification of      
,aristotle's syllogistic ideas1 which   
was about as trivial as that of ,prof4  
,harris1 and allowed himself to be      
publicly flattered by one of his        
students in the most fulsome manner for 
the wonderful profundity of his wisdom1 
that could even add something to the    
divine wisdom of ,aristotle4  ,to tell a
 ,greek idolater that the divine ,plato 
thought it a great ,,mystery that one   
and one should make two1 that he        
declared it to be incomprehensible to   
him1 and thought the only possible      
solution of the mystery to be1 that two 
is produced by participation in duality1

 would surprise him2 but he would be    
still more surprised to learn that this 
is only a specimen brick of ,plato's    
divine philosophy1 as it abounds in     
similar puerilities4 ,i have long since 
reviewed this effete philosophy of an   
ignorant age1 and shown its true        
character1 but my work has never been   
offered to a bookseller4 ,yet it shall  
not be suppressed4 ,the destruction of  
stultifying superstitions is as         
necessary in education and literature as
 in religion4 ,the ponderous blows of   
,lord ,bacon upon this ,greek           
superstition of the literary classes did
 not prove fatal1 for the same reason   
that animal organisms of a low1         
cold-blooded1 grade are hard to         
kill1--they must be cut up in fragments 
before their death becomes complete2    
superstitions and beliefs that have no  
element of intelligent reason1 and are  
perpetuated by social influence1        
authority1 and domination over the young
 become a blind force that resists all  

influence from reason4  ,if my readers  
are interested in the destruction of    
venerable and powerful falsehoods that  
stand in the way of every form of       
progress1 ,i may be tempted to publish a
 cheap edition of my work on ,greek     
,philosophy and ,logic4 ,it is not in   
the least presumptuous to lay hands upon
 this venerable illusion1 and show that 
it has not even the vitality of a ghost4
 ,it is but a simulacrum or mirage1 and 
it is but necessary to approach it      
fearlessly1 and walk through it1 to     
discover its essential nonentity4       
,,symposiums deserves a good report4    
,one of the philosophers1 whose         
doctrines were poetically paraphrased in
 the report of the scientific responses 
upon human immortality1 writes that he  
enjoyed the poetical paraphrase very    
much1 and never laughed over anything so
 heartily4 ,it would be pleasant to hear
 the real sentiments of the remainder4  
,it would be equally interesting to hear
 how ,prof4 ,harris and the other       

,concordians enjoy the little sketch of 
their symposium4   ,,literature ,,of    
,,the ,,past4--,in an article on the    
',archetypal ,literature for the        
,future1' by ,dr4 ,j4 ,r4 ,buchanan1    
which appears in the ,,journal ,,of     
,,man for ,march1 the writer foreshadows
 a time to which the ,american mind is  
fast advancing when the literature of   
the past will take its place amongst the
 mouldering mass which interests the    
antiquarian1 but has no positive        
influence in guiding the thoughts and   
actions of the passing generation4      
,there are some indications of a        
movement in that direction in other     
countries1 though the vast majority1    
including many ,spiritualists and       
,theosophists1 still explore the records
 of past ages1 looking for the light    
which is shining all about them in the  
present1 unrealized4--,harbinger of     
,light1 ,australia4   ,,the ,,concord   
,,school4--,we are glad that the        
,concord ,school is over1 and we should 

think that the people that have been    
there would be glad to get home and take
 part in the things which interest      
average folks4 ,if people like that sort
 of thing and can afford it1 there is no
 reason why they should not go there and
 stay4 ,but to the average man the whole
 thing looks about as near time wasted  
as anything which even ,boston furnishes
 to the uncultured world                
outside4--,boston ,record4   ,,new      
,,books4--,,the ,,hidden ,,way across   
the threshold1 or the mystery which hath
 been hidden for ages and from          
generations1--an explanation of the     
concealed forces in every man to open   
the temple of the soul and to have the  
guidance of the unseen hand4--,by ,j4   
,c4 ,street1 ,a4 ,b4 ,n41 ,fellow of ,s4
 ,s4 ,s41 and of the ,brotherhood ,z4   
,z4 ,r4 ,r4 ,z4 ,z4 ,lee  ,shepard1     
publishers1 ,boston 7#c4ej74 ,this is a 
very handsome volume of nearly #fjj     
pages1 which ,i have not had time to    
examine4 ,it appears to be chiefly a    

compilation with quotation marks        
omitted1 written in the smooth and      
pleasing style common in spiritual      
literature1 without any attempt at      
scientific analysis or criticism4 ,sharp
 critics condemn it1 but it suits the   
popular taste and inculcates good moral 
lessons4 ,i shall examine it hereafter4 
,,solar ,,biology--a scientific method  
of delineating character1 diagnosing    
disease1 determining mental1 physical1  
and business qualifications1 conjugal   
adaptability1 etc41 etc41 from the date 
of birth4--,by ,,hiram ,e4 ,,butler1    
with illustrations4 ,boston1 ,esoteric  
,publishing ,company1 #dgh ,shawmut     
,avenue 7#e4jj74 ,this is a handsome    
volume1 which1 from a hasty examination1
 appears to be a large fragment of      
,astrology1 containing its simplest     
portion1 requiring no abstruse          
calculations1 and hence adapted to      
popular circulation4 ,it is meeting with
 some success1 but those who feel much  
interest in astrology prefer to take in 

the whole science1 which has a much     
larger number of votaries than is       
commonly supposed4   ,,dr4 ,,franz      
,,hartmann1 of ,germany1 has published  
some interesting volumes recently1 on   
,paracelsus1 ,white and ,black ,magic1  
and ,among the ,rosicrucians1 which ,i  
have had no time to examine4 ,a valuable
 essay from ,dr4 ,hartmann is on file   
for publication in the ,,journal1 in    
which he compares the doctrines of the  
occult philosophy with those presented  
in the ,,journal ,,of ,,man4            
,,progress ,,of ,,chemistry4--,,forty   
,,new ,,substances4--,during the decade 
ending with #ahhf over forty discoveries
 of new elementary substances were      
announced1 while the entire number      
previously known was less than seventy4 
,no less than nine were detected by     
,crookes last year4 ,the list is likely 
to be lengthened quite as materially in 
the current twelvemonth1 as ,a4 ,pringle
 already claims to have found six new   
elements in some silurian rocks in      

,scotland4 ,five of these are said to be
 metals1 and the other is a substance   
resembling selenium1 which the          
discoverer calls hesperisium4 ,one metal
 is like iron1 but does not give some of
 its reactions2 another resembles lead1 
is quite fusible and volatile1 and forms
 yellow and green salts2 another1 named 
erebodium1 is black2 the fourth is a    
light-gray powder1 and the last is dark 
in color4   ,,astronomy4--,the absolute 
dimensions of a globular star cluster   
have been studied by ,mr4 ,j4 ,e4 ,gore 
of the ,liverpool ,astronomical         
,society4 ,these clusters consist of    
thousands of minute stars1 possibly     
moving about a common center of gravity4
 ,one of the most remarkable of these   
objects is #ac ,messier1 which ,proctor 
thinks is about equal to a first        
magnitude star4 ,yet ,herschel estimated
 that it is made up of fourteen thousand
 stars4 ,the average diameter of each of
 these components must be forty-five    
thousand two hundred and ninety-eight   

miles1 and each star in this wonderful  
group may be separated from the next by 
a distance of nine thousand million     
miles4  ,according to the computations  
of ,m4 ,hermite1 a ,french astronomer1  
the total number of stars visible to the
 naked eye of an observer of average    
visual power does not exceed #fjjj4 ,the
 northern hemisphere contains #bdgh1 and
 the southern hemisphere contains #ccjg 
stars4 ,in order to see this number of  
stars1 the night must be moonless1 the  
sky cloudless1 and the atmosphere pure4 
,the power of the naked eye is here     
stayed4 ,by the aid of an opera glass   
#bj1jjj can be seen1 and with a small   
telescope #aej1jjj1 while the most      
powerful telescopes will reveal more    
than #ajj1jjj1jjj stars4  ,m4 ,ligner1  
an ,austrian meteorologist1 claims to   
have ascertained after careful          
investigation that the moon has an      
influence on a magnetized needle1       
varying with its phases and its         
declination4 ,the phenomenon is said to 

be more prominently noticeable when the 
moon is near the earth1 and to be very  
marked when she is passing from the full
 to her first or second quarter4 ,the   
disturbances are found to be in their   
maximum when the moon is in the plane of
 the equator1 and greater during the    
southern than it is during the northern 
declination4   ,,geology                
,,illustrated4--,i have often thought   
that when coal mines are exhausted and  
land is too valuable to be devoted to   
raising timber1 it may become necessary 
to draw on the subterranean heat of the 
earth4 ,this idea is already verified in
 ,hungary4  ,late advices say3 ,the     
earth's internal heat is now being used 
in a practical way at ,pesth1 where the 
deepest artesian well in the world is   
being sunk to supply hot water for      
public baths and other purposes4 ,a     
depth of #cabj feet has already been    
reached1 and the well supplies daily    
#agf1jjj gallons of water1 heated to    
deg4#aej ,fahr4   ,a ,,mathematical     

,,prodigy4--,reub ,fields1 living a few 
miles south of ,higginsville1 ,mo41     
though he has no education whatever1 and
 does not know a single figure or a     
letter of the alphabet1 is a            
mathematical wonder4 ,though he never   
carries a watch1 he can tell the time to
 a minute4 ,when asked on what day of   
the week the #bc;d of ,november1 #ahfa  
came1 he answered1 ,saturday4 ,when     
asked1 ,from here to ,louisiana1 ,mo4 it
 is #aei miles2 how many revolutions    
does the driving wheel of an engine     
fifteen feet in circumference make in a 
run from this place to ,louisiana8 he   
replied1 #eeich revolutions4 ,reub was  
born in ,kentucky1 and claims that this 
power was given to him from heaven when 
he was eight years old1 and that the    
,lord made but one ,samson1 one         
,solomon1 and one ,reub ,fields1 for    
strength1 wisdom1 and mathematics4      
,,astrology ,,in ,,england4--,mrs4 ,l4  
,c4 ,moulton1 correspondent of the      
,boston ,herald1 writes3 ,in old times a

 court astrologer used to be kept1 as   
well as a court jester2 but ,i confess  
,i was not aware1 until last night1 that
 the astrologer of to-day might be as   
important to one's movements as one's   
doctor or one's lawyer4 ,one of the     
cleverest and busiest literary men in   
all ,london said to me last night that  
he thought the neglect of astrological  
counsel a great mistake4 ',i have looked
 into the subject rather deeply1' he    
said1 'and the more ,i search1 the more 
convincing proof ,i find of the         
influence of the stars upon our lives2  
and now ,i never begin a new book1 or   
take a journey1 or1 in short1 do        
anything of any importance without      
consulting my astrologer4' ,and then he 
went on to tell me the year in which the
 cholera devastated ,naples he had      
thought of going there4 ,happily1 he    
consulted his astrologer and was warned 
against it4 ,in accordance with the     
astrologer's advice1 he gave up the     
journey2 and just about the time he     

would otherwise have gone1 news came of 
the cholera visitation4 ,last year he   
was warned against a certain            
journey--told that if he took it he     
would be ill4 ,for once he defied the   
stars1 and1 in consequence1 he was taken
 seriously ill with the very symptoms   
the astrologer had predicted4 ,but1     
alas1 his astrologer is fat and old--and
 what shipwreck may not my friend make  
of his life when the stars have         
reclaimed their prophet1 and the poor   
fellow has to struggle on uncounselled6 
,,primogeniture ,,abolished4--,by a     
majority of eleven the ,house of ,lords 
has abolished primogeniture in cases of 
intestacy4 ,thus1 unless it is formally 
specified by will1 property will        
henceforth be divided equally among     
heirs1 as in this country4 ,no longer   
will the eldest son1 by the mere fact of
 the death of his father1 come into     
possession of the estate to the         
exclusion of his brothers and sisters4  
,of course1 entailed estates will not be

 affected1 and property can be          
transmitted by will at the testator's   
pleasure1 but the notable point is that 
primogeniture cannot henceforth be      
looked upon as an institution so        
characteristic and time-honored that    
departure from it would be a really     
questionable proceeding4   ,,medical    
,,intolerance ,,and ,,cunning4--,the    
proscriptive medical law of ,iowa does  
not seem to be very effective1 as it is 
believed to be unconstitutional1 and its
 friends have been challenged to make   
test cases1 but have not yet begun to   
enforce it4 ,in ,illinois they have a   
law that is imperative enough against   
practitioners without diplomas2 but as  
this did not reach those who used no    
medicines1 they have succeeded in       
procuring a law to reach them also by a 
new definition of practicing medicine1  
which the new statute says shall include
 all who shall treat1 operate on1 or    
prescribe for any physical ailment of   
another4 ,this would seem sufficient to 

protect the ,m4 ,d4's against all       
competition1 but there is some doubt    
whether such legislation can be         
enforced1 as it is certainly a corrupt  
and selfish measure that was never      
desired by the people4 ,the ,religio    
,philosophical ,journal speaks out      
manfully1 and advises all reputable     
healers of whatever school1 to possess  
their souls in peace1 and go steadily   
forward in their vocation1 fearing      
neither ,dr4 ,rauch nor the             
unconstitutional provisions of the      
statutes1 under which he and his        
confederates seek to abridge and        
restrict the rights of the people4 ,if  
any reputable practitioner of the       
healing art1 who treats without drugs1  
is molested in his or her practice1 let 
them invite prosecution1 and communicate
 with the ,religio ,philosophical       
,journal for further advice and         
assistance4 ,i regret to say there is a 
strong probability that the friends of  
medical freedom in ,massachusetts will  

be again called upon to resist attempts 
to procure medical legislation4         
,,negro ,,turning ,,white4--,a colored  
man named ,antone ,metoyer has been     
employed at the railroad works in this  
city 7,sacramento7 for some time1 and   
his steadiness and industry have caused 
him to be esteemed by those acquainted  
with him4 ,seven or eight months ago his
 skin was black1 but it commenced to    
turn white1 and now his body1 arms1 legs
 and neck are as white as those of any  
,caucasian4 ,the original color is now  
only upon his face1 extending back of   
the ears1 just beneath the chin1 and    
across the upper portion of the         
forehead1 making him appear to be       
wearing a close-fitting black or dark   
brown mask4 ,on the chin and nose the   
dark color is beginning to wear away1   
and he thinks in a few weeks he will be 
perfectly white4 ,his hair and whiskers 
are black and curly4 ,medical men have  
taken much interest in his case1 and    
attribute the change in complexion to   

the effect upon his system of working   
constantly with potash and other        
material used in washing greasy waste4  
,he has been advised that it may be     
dangerous for him to continue under this
 influence1 but he declares that he will
 stay until the process he is undergoing
 is completed1 if it kills him4--,record
 ,union4   ,,the ,,cure ,,of            
,,hydrophobia4--,the ,english committee 
appointed by the local government board 
in ,april1 #ahhf1 to inquire into       
,pasteur's inoculation method for       
rabies1 report that it may be deemed    
certain that ,m4 ,pasteur has discovered
 a method of protection from rabies     
comparable with that which vaccination  
affords against infection from smallpox4
 ,as many think there is no protection  
at all1 the question is not finally     
settled4 ,it is only the stubborn       
ignorance of the medical profession     
which gives to ,pasteur's experiments   
their great celebrity and importance4   
,other methods have been far more       

successful than ,pasteur's4 ,xanthium1  
,scutellaria 7,skull-cap71 the vapor    
bath1 and chloroform or nitrous oxide   
are more powerful and reliable than any 
morbid inoculation4   ,,john            
,,swinton',s paper1 at ,new ,york1 has  
come to an end4 ,swinton was a bold1    
eloquent1 and fearless advocate of human
 rights as he understood them4 ,his     
failure is an honor to him1 and his name
 will be remembered4 ,perhaps if he had 
imitated the ,boston dailies1 by giving 
ten to eighteen columns to the record of
 base ball games1 he might have put     
money in his purse1 instead of losing   
it4  ,in marked contrast to ,john       
,swinton's failure1 observe the success 
of the ,new ,york ,tribune1 a newspaper 
founded by ,horace ,greeley1 but which1 
since his death1 has given1 in its      
unscrupulous course1 a good illustration
 of the ,satanic press4 ,the ,boston    
,herald says3 ,the ,new ,york ,tribune  
is perhaps as good an illustration of   
the old-fashioned partisan journal as   

there is in the country4 ,there was an  
amusing reminiscence of the methods that
 used to be practised when the ,tribune 
was found claiming the ,legislature of  
,kentucky as having been carried by the 
,republicans in the late elections4 ,the
 fact was that the ,democratic majority 
in that body was about five to one1 and 
there was really no excuse in a         
metropolitan journal for not knowing    
such to be the case4 ,the ,tribune once 
complimented highly the ,,journal ,,of  
,,man1 but that was when ,horace        
,greeley was alive4   ,,women',s        
,,rights ,,and ,,progress4--,the last   
legislature of ,pennsylvania passed a   
very radical law1 providing that        
marriage shall not impose any disability
 as to the acquisition or management of 
any kind of property1 making any        
contracts1 or engaging in any business4 
,however1 she is not authorized to      
mortgage her real estate without her    
husband's co-operation1 nor become      
endorser for another alone4 ,as to      

making a will she has the same rights as
 a man4  ,ohio has also advanced woman's
 rights by enabling both husband and    
wife to dispose of property as if       
unmarried1 and by giving each party     
one-third life interest in the other's  
real estate4  ,in ,kansas1 women can    
vote in city and town affairs1 and hold 
municipal and town offices4 ,in one town
 they have a female mayor4 ,the supreme 
court of ,kansas has decided that when a
 woman marries she need not take her    
husband's name unless she chooses4      
,,co-,,education is successful1 nearly  
every prominent college is beginning to 
admit women1 and they often carry off   
the prizes from the men4 ,exclusive     
masculine colleges will soon rank among 
the barbarisms of the past4  ,female    
education is advancing in ,russia4 ,the 
universities had #ggi female students in
 #ahhf1 #dcg of whom were daughters of  
noblemen and official personages4 ,on   
the other hand the ,prussian ,minister  
of ,education refuses to admit women as 

regular students at any university or   
medical school4  ,several ,italian      
ladies have distinguished themselves in 
legal knowledge1 and the propriety of   
their admission to the bar is           
extensively discussed4 ,about           
nine-tenths of the newspapers favor     
their admission4  ,the practical        
question1 which is most important to the
 welfare of women1 is profitable        
employment4 ,miss ,simcox says that     
there are about three millions of women 
in ,england engaged in industrial       
employments1 while a large proportion of
 them1 especially in ,london1 have such 
poor wages as to produce continual      
suffering4 ,,industrial ,,education1    
alike for boys and girls1 is the true   
remedy1 worth more than all the nostrums
 of politicians and demagogues4         
,,spirit ,,writing4--,our handsome young
 friend1 ,dr4 ,d4 ,j4 ,stansbury1 a     
graduate of the ,eclectic ,medical      
,college of ,new ,york1 is giving       
astonishing demonstrations on the       

,pacific coast4 ,when a pair of closed  
slates is brought1 he barely touches    
them1 and the spirit writing begins4    
,sometimes the slates are held on the   
head or shoulders of the visitor4 ,at   
one of his seances at ,oakland1 it is   
said that he held the slates for        
thirty-five persons within two hours1   
and obtained for each a slate full of   
writing in answers to questions placed  
between the slates4 ,at a public seance 
in ,santa ,cruz1 following a lecture1   
folded ballots were sent up by the      
audience and the answers were sometimes 
written on closed slates and sometimes  
by the doctor's hands4 ,dr4 ,s4 has also
 succeeded in repeating the famous      
performance of ,charles ,foster--the    
names of spirits appearing on his arm in
 blood-red letters4   ,,progress ,,of   
,,the ,,marvellous4--,the ,boston       
,herald of ,aug4 #g has a long account  
of the marvellous fires which occur in  
the house at ,woodstock1 ,new           
,brunswick1 of ,mr4 ,reginald ,c4 ,hoyt4

 ,the people of the town are greatly    
excited about it1 and great crowds      
gather to witness it1 but no one can    
explain it4 ,the fires break out with no
 possible cause in the clothes1 the     
carpet1 the curtains1 bed quilts1 or    
other objects1 as much as forty times in
 a day4 ,the family are greatly worried 
and alarmed1 and have been driven out of
 the house4 ,the ,herald reporter went  
to examine1 but found it an entire      
mystery4  ,a similar outbreak of fires  
has been reported in ,pennsylvania1 at  
the house of ,thomas ,mc,kee1 a farmer  
at ,turtle ,creek4 ,for some weeks the  
invisible powers have been throwing     
things about in a topsy turvey way4     
,since that1 flames break out suddenly  
in the presence of the family1 and round
 holes are burned in the bed-clothes1   
towels1 hats1 dresses1 and even packages
 of groceries in the pantry4            
,,practical ,,utility ,,of              
,,anthropology4  7,continued from page  
#cb47   ,there is no great reform1 no   

elevation of humanity without           
understanding ,,man1--the laws of his   
culture1 the possibilities within his   
reach1 the extent of the short-comings  
which exist to-day1 the very numerous   
agencies of brain-building and          
soul-culture1 the wiser methods of the  
school1 the magnetic influences which   
are sometimes all potent1 the dietary1  
the exercises of body and voice1 the    
power of music and disciplined example1 
the lofty outreachings for a higher life
 to which we are introduced by          
psychometry1 the supernal and divine    
influences which may be brought to bear1
 and many nameless things which help to 
make the aggregate omnipotent over young
 life1 but which1 alas1 are unknown in  
colleges to-day1 and will continue      
unknown until ,anthropology shall have  
taken its place as the guide of         
humanity4         99       99       99  
99       99  ,p4,s4--,the doctrine so   
firmly maintained in this chapter that  
men are incompetent to judge themselves1

 and need a scientific monitor of       
unquestionable authority1 has long been 
recognized4 ,the ,catholic confessional 
is a recognition and application of the 
principles of great value4 ,but the     
confessional of the narrow-minded and   
miseducated priest should be superseded 
by the confessional and the admonition  
of ,anthropology4  ,sterne1 in his      
,tristam ,shandy1 says1 ,whenever a     
man's conscience does accuse him 7as it 
seldom errs on that side71 he is guilty1
 and unless he is melancholy and        
hypochondriac1 there is always          
sufficient ground for the accusation4   
,but the converse of the proposition    
will not hold true1 that if it does not 
accuse1 the man is innocent4  ,thus     
conscience1 placed on high as a judge   
within us1 and intended by our ,maker as
 a just and equitable one too1 takes    
often such imperfect cognizance of what 
passes1 does its office so negligently1 
often so corruptly1 that it is not to be
 trusted alone1 and1 therefore1 we find 

there is a necessity1 an absolute       
necessity1 of joining another principle 
with it4  ,that other principle demanded
 by ,sterne has never been found1 until1
 in the revelation of the functions of  
soul and brain1 we have found the       
absolute standard of character1 and in  
,cranioscopy and ,psychometry the       
perfect method of applying the principle
 to each individual4  ,an amusing       
illustration occurred lately in         
,england1 which was published as        
follows3--      ,when the address to the
 queen at the opening of the ,english   
royal courts was under consideration by 
the judges1 one very     eminent judge  
of appeal objected to the phrase        
'conscious as we     are of our         
shortcomings4' ',i am not conscious of  
shortcomings1'     he said1 'and if ,i  
were ,i should not be so foolish as to  
say     so2' whereupon a learned lord   
justice blandly observed1 ',suppose     
we say1 conscious as we are of each     
other's shortcomings4'     ,,chapter    

,,viii--,,the ,,origin ,,and            
,,foundation ,,of ,,the ,,new           
,,anthropology      ,difficulties of    
imperfect knowledge in my first         
studies--,first     investigation of    
,phrenology--,errors detected and       
corrected--,the     ,,pathognomic       
,,system organized--,a brilliant        
discovery and its                       
results--,discovery of the sense of     
feeling and development of              
,psychometry--,its vast importance and  
numerous applications--,the     first   
experiments on the brain and the        
publication of     ,anthropology--,the  
discovery of ,sarcognomy and its        
practical     value--,reception of the  
new ,sciences--,honorable action of the 
venerable ,caldwell4   ,the very brief  
exposition of the structure and         
functions of the brain already given1   
may serve as an introduction to the     
subject and prepare the reader to       
appreciate the laborious investigations 
of many years1 by means of which so     

comprehensive a science was brought into
 existence amid the hostile influences  
of established opinions and established 
ignorance4  ,it is necessary now to     
present this statement to enable the    
reader to realize more fully the        
positive character of the science4  ,my 
life has been devoted to the study of   
man1 his destiny and his happiness4     
,uncontrolled in education1 ,i learned  
to endure no mental restraint1 and1     
thrown upon my own resources in boyhood1
 difficulties but strengthened the      
passion for philosophical knowledge4    
,yet more formidable difficulties were  
found in the limited condition of human 
science1 alike in libraries and         
colleges4  ,anthropology1 my favorite   
study1 had no systematic development1   
and the very word was unfamiliar1       
because there was really nothing to     
which it could justly be applied4 ,its  
elementary sciences were in an          
undeveloped state1 and some of them not 
yet in existence4 ,mental philosophy was

 very limited in its scope1 and had     
little or nothing of a practical and    
scientific nature4 ,the soul was not    
recognised as a subject for science4    
,the body was studied apart from the    
soul1 and the brain1 the home of the    
soul1 was enveloped in mystery--so as to
 leave even physiological science       
shrouded in darkness1 as the central and
 controlling organ of life was          
considered an inaccessible mystery4 ,in 
studying medicine1 it seemed that ,i    
wandered through a wilderness without a 
compass and with no cardinal points4    
,phrenology promised much1 and ,i       
examined it cautiously4 ,it struck me at
 first as an unsatisfactory system of   
mental philosophy1 and ,i stated my     
objections before its most celebrated   
and venerable champion1 in public1 who  
assured me that ,i would be satisfied by
 further investigation4 ,as it seemed a 
very interesting department of natural  
science1 ,i began by comparing the heads
 of my acquaintances with the           

phrenological map1 and discovering so   
many striking coincidences that ,i was  
gradually satisfied as to its           
substantial truth1 and ,i do not believe
 that any one has ever thus tested the  
discoveries of ,gall and ,spurzheim1    
without perceiving their general        
correctness1 while many1 with less      
critical observation1 have accepted them
 as absolutely true4  ,my interest      
increased with the extent of my         
observations1 until1 for several years1 
,i abandoned practical medicine for the 
exclusive study of the science of the   
brain in the great volume of nature1    
with the doctrines of ,gall as the basis
 of the investigation4 ,as it was my    
purpose to seek the deficiencies as well
 as the merits of the new science1 ,i   
tested its accuracy by the careful      
examination of living heads and skulls  
in comparison with ascertained          
character1 and with the anatomy of the  
brain1 not forgetting the self-evident  
principles of mental philosophy4 ,many  

thousand critical examinations were made
 between the years #ahcd and #ahda1     
leading to many positive conclusions4   
,the first year's observations made me  
distinctly aware and certain of several 
defects in the doctrines1 as to the     
functions ascribed to certain localities
 of the brain to which were ascribed1   
,mirthfulness1 ,acquisitiveness1        
,adhesiveness1 ,constructiveness1 ,tune1
 ,ideality1 ,combativeness1             
,destructiveness1 and ,cautiousness4    
,the functions of these localities were 
evidently misunderstood1 and the        
faculties erroneously located4  ,the    
external senses were omitted from the   
catalogue of cerebral organs1 though    
evidently entitled to recognition1 and  
the physiological powers of the brain1  
the prime mover and most important part 
of the constitution1 were almost totally
 ignored4  ,following the old route of  
exploration by cranioscopy1 ,i sought to
 supply these defects4 ,i found the     
supposed ,mirthfulness to be a planning 

and reasoning organ1 and the true       
,mirthfulness to be located more        
interiorly4 ,acquisitiveness was        
evidently located farther back4 ,the    
so-called organ of ,adhesiveness        
appeared to be incapable of manifesting 
true friendship1 and its absence was    
frequently accompanied by strong        
capacities for friendship1 of a         
disinterested character4                
,constructiveness appeared to be located
 too low1 and too far back1 running into
 the middle lobe1 which is not the place
 for intellect4 ,tune did not appear to 
correspond regularly to musical talent4 
,many of the higher functions ascribed  
to ,ideality were conspicuous in heads  
which had that organ small1 with a large
 development just above it4             
,combativeness had evidently less       
influence upon physical courage than was
 supposed1 for it was sometimes well    
developed in cowards1 and rather small  
in brave men4 ,cautiousness was         
evidently not the organ of fear1 for the

 bravest men1 of whom ,i met many in the
 southwest1 sometimes had it in         
predominant development1 and in the     
timid it was sometimes moderate1 or     
small4 ,destructiveness was frequently a
 characteristic of narrow heads 7indeed 
this is the case with the ,thugs of     
,india71 and a broad development above  
the ears was sometimes accompanied by a 
mild disposition4 ,the height of the    
head above the ears did not prove a     
correct criterion of moral character1   
nor did the breadth indicate correctly  
the amount of the selfish and violent   
passions4  ,i observed that the violent 
and selfish elements of character were  
connected with occipital depth1 and     
elongation2 that the affections were    
connected with the coronal region1 that 
the sense of vision was located in the  
brow1 and the sense of feeling in the   
temples1 near the cheekbone1 that the   
upper occipital region was the seat of  
energetic powers1 and the lower1 of     
violent or criminal impulses1 and that  

the whole cerebrum was an apparatus of  
mingling convolutions1 in which the     
functions1 gradually changing from point
 to point1 presented throughout a       
beautiful blending and connection4      
,observing daily the comparative        
development of brain and body1 with     
their reciprocal influence1 ,i traced   
the outlines of cerebral physiology1 and
 the laws of sympathetic connection or  
correspondence between the body and the 
encephalon1 by which1 in a given        
constitution1 ,i would determine from   
the head the development of the whole   
body1 the peculiar distributions of the 
circulation1 with the consequent morbid 
tendencies1 the relative perfection of  
the different senses and different      
organs of the body1 and the character of
 the temperament4  ,seeking continually 
for the fundamental laws of             
,anthropology1 criticising and rejecting
 all that appeared objectionable or     
inconsistent1 ,i acquired possession of 
numerous sound and comprehensive        

principles concerning the fundamental   
laws of cerebral science1 which were at 
once touchstones for truth and efficient
 instruments for further research4      
,these fundamental laws1 though very    
obvious and easily perceived when       
pointed out1 had been overlooked by my  
predecessors1 but are always accepted   
readily by my auditors1 when fully      
explained4 ,as new facts and principles 
led to the discovery of other facts and 
principles1 a system of philosophy 7not 
speculative1 but scientific7 was thus   
evolved1 and a number of geometrical    
principles were established as the basis
 of the science of the brain1 so        
evidently true1 though so long          
overlooked1 as to command the unanimous 
assent of all to whom they have been    
presented2 and1 as the acceptance of    
these principles involves the general   
acceptance of cerebral science1 my      
labors as a teacher have ever been      
singularly harmonious1 and free from    
doubt1 antagonism1 and contention4  ,the

 fundamental principle of the philosophy
 was geometric or mathematical1 as it   
examined the construction of the brain1 
and showed an exact mathematical        
relation between each organ of the brain
 and its effects on the body1 in the    
spontaneous gestures1 the circulation of
 blood1 the nervous forces1 and local   
functions4 ,its leading characteristic  
being the law of the expression of the  
vital forces and feelings in outward    
acts4 ,this doctrine was called the     
,,pathognomic ,,system4  ,i was         
preparing to publish in several volumes 
the reorganized science as the          
,pathognomic ,system1 when the          
consummation of my researches1 by a     
brilliant discovery1 led me into a new  
world of knowledge--to the full         
development of the science of           
,anthropology1 according to which the   
brain gives organic expression to       
functions which are essentially located 
in the soul1 and the body gives organic 
manifestation to functions which are    

controlled in the brain1 while the body 
reacts upon the brain and the brain upon
 the soul4 ,thus1 every element of      
humanity has a triple                   
representation--that in the soul1 which 
is purely psychic1 yet by its influence 
becomes physiological in the body2 that 
in the body which is purely             
physiological1 yet by its influence     
becomes psychic in the soul1 and that in
 the brain which produces physiological 
effects in the body1 and psychic effects
 in the soul4  ,thus1 each of the three 
repositories of power is a              
psycho-physiological representation of  
the man2 more physical in the body1 more
 spiritual in the soul1 but in the brain
 a more perfect psycho-physiological    
representation of man as he is in the   
present life4 ,this full conception of  
the brain1 which ,gall did not attain1  
involved the new science of ,,cerebral  
,,physiology1 in which the brain may    
express the character of the body1 as   
well as the soul1 of which ,i would only

 say at present that my first           
observations were directed to           
ascertaining the cerebral seats of the  
external senses1 vision1 hearing and    
feeling1 and the influences of different
 portions of the brain on different     
portions of the body4  ,the location of 
the sense of feeling1 of which ,i became
 absolutely certain in #ahch1 at the    
base of the middle lobe has since been  
substantially confirmed by ,ferrier's   
experiment on the monkey2 but ,i have   
not been concerned about the results of 
vivisection1 knowing that if ,i have    
made a true discovery1 vivisection and  
pathology must necessarily confirm it2  
and ,i am not aware that any of my      
discoveries have been disturbed by the  
immense labors of vivisection4  ,the    
discovery of the organ of the sense of  
feeling led to an investigation of its  
powers1 and the phenomena exhibited when
 its development was unusually          
large--hence came the initial fact of   
psychometry4 ,early in #ahda ,i found a 

very large development of the organ1 in 
the head of the late ,bishop ,polk1 then
 at ,little ,rock1 the capital of       
,arkansas1 who subsequently became a    
confederate general4 ,after explaining  
to him his great sensibility to         
atmospheric1 electric1 and all other    
physical conditions1 he mentioned a     
still more remarkable sensibility--that 
whenever he touched brass1 he had       
immediately the taste of brass in his   
mouth1 whether he knew what he was      
touching or not4 ,i lost no time in     
verifying this observation by many      
experiments upon other persons1 and     
finding that there were many in whom    
sensibility was developed to this       
extent1 so that when ,i placed pieces of
 metal in their hands1 behind their     
backs1 they could tell what the metal   
was by its taste1 or some other         
impression4 ,further examinations showed
 that substances of any kind1 held in   
the hands of sensitives1 yielded not    
only an impression upon the sense of    

taste1 by which they might be           
recognized1 but an impression upon the  
entire sensibility of the body4         
,medicines tried in this manner gave a  
distinct impression--as distinct as if  
they had been swallowed--to a majority  
of the members of a large medical class1
 in the leading medical school at       
,cincinnati1 and to those who had       
superior psychometric capacities1 the   
impression given in this manner enabled 
them to describe the qualities and      
effects of the medicines as fully and   
accurately as they are given in the     
works on materia medica4  ,this method  
of investigation ,i consider not only   
vastly more easy and rapid than the     
method adopted by the followers of      
,hahnemann1 but more accurate and       
efficient than any other method known to
 the medical profession1 and destined1  
therefore1 to produce a greater         
improvement in our knowledge of the     
materia medica than we can derive from  
all other methods combined1 in the same 

length of time4 ,i may hereafter publish
 the practical demonstration of this1   
but the vast amount of labor involved in
 my experimental researches has not yet 
permitted me to take up this department1
 although it has yielded me some very   
valuable discoveries4  ,it may require a
 century for mankind fully to realize   
the value of ,psychometry4 ,it has been 
clearly1 though ,i cannot say completely
 shown in the ,,manual ,,of             
,,psychometry1 to which ,i would refer  
the reader4 ,i would simply state that  
the scientific discovery and exposition 
of ,psychometry is equivalent to the    
dawn of new intellectual civilization1  
since it enables us to advance rapidly  
toward perfection all sciences and forms
 of knowledge now known1 and to         
introduce new sciences heretofore       
unknown4  #a4 ,to the ,,medical         
,,college it will give a method of      
accurate diagnosis which will supersede 
the blundering methods now existing--a  
method of ,,rapidly enlarging and       

perfecting the materia medica--a method 
of exploring all difficult questions in 
,biology and ,pathology1 and a complete 
view of the constitution of man4  #b4   
,to the ,,university it offers a method 
of revising and correcting history and  
biography--of enlarging our knowledge of
 ,natural ,history1 ,geology1 and       
,astronomy1 and exploring ,ethnology4   
#c4 ,to the ,,church it offers a method 
of exploring the origins of all         
religions1 the future life of man1 and  
the relations of terrestrial and        
celestial life4  #d4 ,to the            
,,philanthropist it offers the methods  
of investigating and supervising        
education and social organization which 
may abolish all existing evils4  ,the   
foregoing were the initial steps and    
results in the development of           
,psychometry1 simultaneously accompanied
 by those other discoveries in #ahda1   
the scope and magnitude of which appear 
to me and to those who have studied my  
demonstrations1 to be far more important

 than anything that has ever been       
discovered or done in ,biological       
science1 being nothing less than a      
complete scientific demonstration of the
 functions of the brain in all its      
psycho-physiological relations4 ,to     
appreciate their transcendent           
importance1 it is necessary only to know
 that the experiments have been         
carefully made1 have often been repeated
 during the past forty-five years1 and  
that all they demonstrate may also be   
demonstrated by other means1 and fully  
established1 if no such experiments     
could be made4  ,the origin of this     
discovery was as follows4 ,my advanced  
investigations of the brain1 between    
#ahce and #ahda1 had added so much to   
the incomplete and inaccurate           
discoveries of ,gall1 and had brought   
cerebral science into so much closer and
 more accurate relation with cerebral   
anatomy and embryology1 as illustrated  
by ,tiedemann1 that ,i became profoundly
 aware of the position in which ,i found

 myself1 as an explorer1 possessed of   
knowledge previously quite unknown1 and 
yet1 at the same time1 however true1 not
 strictly demonstrable1 since none could
 fully realize its truth without        
following the same path and studying    
with the same concentrated devotion the 
comparative development of the brain in 
men and animals4 ,such zeal1 success1   
and assiduity ,i did not believe could  
be expected4 ,there might not be one man
 in a century to undertake such a task  
7for all the centuries of civilization  
had produced but one such man--the      
illustrious ,gall71 and when he appeared
 his voice would not be decisive4 ,i    
would1 therefore1 appear not as         
presenting positive knowledge1 but as   
contributing another theory1 which the  
medical profession1 regardless of my    
labors1 would treat as a mere           
hypothesis4#a      #a ,i would mention  
that in the progress of my discoveries1 
especially in #ahch-ci1 ,i came into    
frequent and intimate                   

association with the late ,prof4 ,wm4   
,byrd ,powell1 ,m4 ,d41 the         most
 brilliant1 and original of all         
,american students of the         brain1
 whose lectures always excited a        
profound interest in         his        
hearers1 and1 in comparing notes with   
him1 ,i found my         own original   
observations well sustained by his4     
,though         erratic in some of his  
theories1 he was a bold student of      
nature1 and the accidental destruction  
of his manuscript by         fire1 when 
too late in his life to repair the loss1
 was a         destruction of much that 
would have been deeply                  
interesting4  ,it was absolutely        
necessary that the functions of the     
brain should be demonstrated as         
positively as those of the spinal nerves
 had been demonstrated by ,majendie and 
,bell4 ,two methods appeared possible4  
,the two agents were galvanism and the  
aura of the nervous system1 commonly    
called animal magnetism4 ,my first      

experiments in #ahda1 satisfied me that 
both were available1 but that the       
nervaura was far more available1        
efficient1 and satisfactory4 ,upon this 
,i have relied ever since1 though ,i    
sometimes experiment with galvanism1 to 
demonstrate its efficiency1 and ,dr4 ,de
 la ,rua1 of ,cuba1 informed me over    
twenty years ago that he found very     
delicate galvanic currents available for
 this purpose in his practice4  ,animal 
magnetism or mesmerism had been involved
 in mystery and empiricism4 ,there had  
never been any scientific or anatomical 
explanation of the phenomena1 and this  
mystery ,i desired to dispel4 ,my first 
step was to ascertain that for          
experiments on the nervous system we did
 not need the somnambulic or hypnotic   
condition1 and that it was especially to
 be avoided as a source of confusion and
 error4 ,whenever the organ of          
sensibility1 or sensitiveness1 was      
sufficiently developed and predominant1 
the conditions of neurological          

experiments for scientific purposes were
 satisfactory1 and to make such         
experiments1 the subjects1 instead of   
being ignorant1 passive1 emotional1     
hysteric1 or inclined to trance1 should 
be as intelligent as possible1          
well-balanced and                       
clear-headed1--competent to observe     
subjective phenomena in a critical      
manner4 ,hence1 my experiments1 which   
have been made upon all sorts of        
persons1 were most decisive and         
satisfactory to myself when made upon   
well-educated physicians1 upon medical  
professors1 my learned colleagues1 upon 
eminent lawyers or divines1 upon        
strong-minded farmers or hunters1       
entirely unacquainted with such         
subjects1 and incapable of psychological
 delusion1 or upon persons of very      
skeptical minds who would not admit     
anything until the phenomena were made  
very plain and unquestionable4  ,while  
the nervaura of the human constitution  
7which is as distinctly perceptible to  

the sensitive as its caloric and        
electricity7 is emitted from every      
portion of the surface of the head and  
body1 the quality and quantity of that  
which is emitted from the inner surface 
of the hand1 render it most available1  
and the application of the hand of any  
one who has a respectable amount of     
vital and mental energy1 will produce a 
distinct local stimulation of functions 
wherever it may be applied upon the head
 or body4 ,in this manner it is easy to 
demonstrate the amiable and pleasing    
influence of the superior regions of the
 brain1 the more energetic and          
vitalizing influence of its posterior   
half1 and the mild1 subduing influence  
of the front4  ,in my first experiments1
 in the spring of #ahda1 ,i found so    
great susceptibility that ,i could      
demonstrate promptly even the smallest  
organs of the brain1 and it was         
gratifying to find that the illustrious 
,gall had ascertained1 with so          
marvellous accuracy the functions of the

 smallest organs in the front lobe1 and 
the subject could be engrossed in the   
thought of numbers and counting by      
touching the organ of number or         
calculation4 ,eagerly did ,i proceed in 
testing the accuracy of all the         
discoveries of ,gall and the additions  
,i had made by craniological studies1 as
 well as bringing out new functions     
which ,i had not been able to anticipate
 or discover4 ,omitting the history of  
those experiments1 ,i would but briefly 
state that in #ahdb ,i published a      
complete map of the brain1 in which the 
full development of human faculties made
 a complete picture of the              
psycho-physiological constitution of    
man1 and thus presented for the first   
time a science which might justly be    
called ,anthropology4#b      #b ,i do   
not publish or circulate this map apart 
from the         explanatory volume     
7,outlines of ,anthropology7 for the    
reason         that it is impossible by 
any nomenclature of organs to           

convey a correct idea of the functions1 
and hence1 such a         map would tend
 to a great many misconceptions4  ,it is
 obvious that prior to #ahdb there was  
nothing entitled to the name of         
,,anthropology1 as there was no complete
 geography before the discovery of      
,america and circumnavigation of the    
globe4 ,when man is fully portrayed by  
the statement of all the psychic and all
 the physiological faculties and        
functions found in his brain1 which     
contains the totality1 and manifests    
them in the soul and body1 it is obvious
 that we have a true ,anthropology1     
which1 to complete its fulness1 requires
 only the study of the soul as an entity
 distinct from the brain1 and of the    
body as an anatomical and physiological 
apparatus4 ,the latter had already been 
well accomplished by the medical        
profession1 and the former very         
imperfectly by spiritual psychologists4 
,but neither the physiology1 nor the    
pneumatology had been placed in organic 

connection with the central cerebral    
science4  ,in consummating such tasks1  
,i felt justified1 in #ahdb1 in adopting
 the word ,anthropology1 as the         
representative of the new science1      
though at that time it was so unfamiliar
 as to be misunderstood4 ,this science1 
as presented in my ,outlines of         
,anthropology in #ahed1 embraced another
 very important and entirely novel      
discovery--the psycho-physiological     
relations of the surface of the body1   
the manner in which every portion of the
 body responds to the brain and the     
soul1 the final solution of the great   
and hitherto impenetrable mystery of the
 triune relations of soul1 brain1 and   
body4 ,this discovery1 constituting the 
science of ,sarcognomy1 became the basis
 of a new medical philosophy1 explaining
 the influence of the body on the soul1 
in health1 and disease1 and the         
reciprocal influence of the soul on the 
body4  ,this manifestly modified our    
views of therapeutics and revolutionized

 electro-therapeutics by pointing out   
the exact physiological and psychic     
effects of every portion of the surface 
of the body1 when subject to local      
treatment1 and hence1 originating new   
methods of electric practice1 in which  
many results were produced not          
heretofore deemed possible4 ,all this   
was fully presented in my work on       
,,therapeutic ,,sarcognomy1 published in
 #ahhe1 which was speedily sold4  ,in   
contemplating these immense results of a
 successful investigation of the        
functions of the brain1 ,i can see no   
logical escape from the conclusion that 
such a revelation of the functions of   
the brain is by far the most important  
event that belongs to the history of    
vital science--an event so romantically 
different from the common1 slow progress
 of science when cultivated by men of   
ability1 that ,i do not wonder at the   
incredulity which naturally opposes its 
recognition1 and seems to render the    
most unanimous and conclusive testimony 

from honorable scientists apparently    
ineffective4 ,the support of the medical
 college in which ,i was ,dean of the   
,faculty1 the hearty endorsement by the 
,faculty of ,indiana ,state ,university1
 and by numerous committees of          
investigation1 seem to count as nothing 
with the conservative portion of the    
medical profession1 who have ever       
understood how to ignore so simple and  
positive a demonstration as that of     
,harvey1 or so practical a demonstration
 as that of ,hahnemann1 or so           
irresistible a mass of facts as those of
 modern psychic science4  ,the question 
will naturally arise among the          
enlightened lovers of truth1 why so     
grand and so demonstrable a science     
should for forty-five years have made so
 little progress toward general         
recognition4 ,it is sufficient to say   
that new and revolutionary truth is     
never welcomed1 and1 if the discoverer  
is not active as a propagandist it has  
no diffusion4 ,i did not feel that there

 was any receptiveness across the ocean 
for what was resisted here4             
,nevertheless ,i did prepare and send to
 ,edinburgh1 in #ahda1 a brief report of
 my discoveries accompanied by an       
endorsement or introduction from the    
venerable ,prof4 ,caldwell1 the founder 
of the successful medical college at    
,louisville1 whose lectures were        
attended by four hundred pupils4 ,i     
supposed the gentlemen of the           
,phrenological ,society at ,edinburgh   
the most liberal parties in ,great      
,britain1 but they declined publishing  
my memoir as too marvellous1 and        
proposed merely to file it away as a    
caveat of the discovery4 ,that ended all
 thoughts of ,europe2 and1 indeed1 it   
seemed to me premature to urge such a   
discovery and so grand a philosophy upon
 the world in the present state of its  
intellectual civilization4 ,i ceased to 
agitate the subject for many years1 and 
allowed myself to be drawn into the     
political agitations connected with our 

civil war1 to mitigate some of its      
social and political evils4  ,of late1  
however1 an urgent and imperative sense 
of duty has put my pen in motion as the 
remnant of my life will be hardly       
sufficient to record the results of my  
investigations4  ,in the ,new ,education
 and the ,manual of ,psychometry--the   
dawn of a new civilization--,i have     
appealed to the public1 and three       
editions of the former with two of the  
latter show that the public is not      
indifferent4 ,the recognition of the    
marvellous claims of ,psychometry will  
prepare the way for the supreme science 
of ,anthropology1 to which the coming   
century will do justice4  ,in justice to
 the learned ,prof4 ,caldwell and       
myself1 ,i should not omit to mention   
that this distinguished1 eloquent1 and  
venerable gentleman1 who1 in his early  
life1 was a cotemporary of the famous   
,dr4 ,rush1 of ,philadelphia1 and       
throughout his life was a champion of   
the most progressive doctrines in       

,biology1 not only gave his friendly    
co-operation on the first presentation  
of my discoveries1 but ten years later  
honored me with a visit at ,cincinnati1 
to become more fully acquainted with    
them1 and subsequently1 by appointment  
of the ,national ,medical ,association1 
prepared a report upon subjects of a    
kindred nature1 in which he incorporated
 a statement of my discoveries4 ,his    
subsequent illness and death1 in #ahed1 
at an advanced age1 prevented the       
delivery of this memoir4      ,in signal
 contrast to the honorable and candid   
course of ,prof4     ,,caldwell1 and to 
the candid examination1 followed by     
eulogistic     language of ,prof4 ,h4   
,p4 ,,gatchell1 ,,robert ,,dale ,,owen1 
,president     ,,andrew ,,wylie1 ,rev4  
,,john ,,pierpont1 ,dr4 ,,samuel        
,,forry1 ,prof4 ,,wm4     ,,denton1 the 
eloquent ,judge ,,rowan1 and a score of 
other eminently     intellectual men1 it
 is my duty to record the melancholy    
fact     that the great majority of     

professional men1 when tested1 have     
manifested an entire apathy1 if not a   
positive aversion1 to the               
investigations and discoveries in which 
these momentous results     have been   
reached4 ,while no aversion1 disrespect1
 or suspicion     was shown toward      
myself1 a stubborn aversion was shown to
     investigations that might have     
revolutionary results--proving     that 
our false systems of education teach men
 not to think     independently1 but to 
adhere closely to precedent authority1  
fashion1 popularity1 and habit1 which is
 the inertia of the     mental world4   
,the faculty of my alma mater 7excepting
 ,prof4 ,caldwell7 refused     to       
investigate the subject1 even when      
invited by their ,board of              
,trustees4 ,the ,boston ,academy of     
,arts and ,sciences1 embracing the      
men at the head of the medical          
profession1 pretended to take up     the
 subject1 but in a few hours dropped it1
 with polite     compliments to myself1 

in #ahdb4 ,the ,american ,medical       
,association1 in #ahgh1 refused to      
entertain the subject because ,i        
could not coincide with them in my      
sentiments1 and accept their     code of
 bigotry4 ,there was no formal action of
 the ,association1     but my friend1   
,prof4 ,gross1 then recognized as the   
,nestor of the     profession1 and      
holding the highest position of         
authority1     informed me              
semi-officially1 very courteously1 that 
none of my     discoveries could ever be
 brought to the notice of the           
,association1 because ,i did not accept 
their code4 ,thus 7without              
mentioning other instances71 ,i have    
stood before the public with     a      
demonstrable science1 challenging       
investigation by critical     opponents1
 who have so uniformly evaded or shrunk 
from the test     that ,i have ceased to
 care for their opinions1 while ,i still
     entertain as profound a respect as 
ever for the investigations     of the  

candid and manly1 among whom ,i never   
fail to find     friendship and         
cordiality4      ,looking back          
forty-five years1 ,i remember with      
extreme pleasure     the friendly       
co-operation of ,,rowan and ,,caldwell4 
,the ,american     medical profession   
never had a more dignified1 imposing1   
and     high-toned representative than  
,prof4 ,caldwell4 ,nor was the legal    
profession anywhere ever adorned by a   
more commanding and     gracious        
representative than the unsurpassed     
advocate1 ,,rowan1     who was widely   
known as the ,,old ,,monarch4 ,the      
nobility of such     men was shown in   
their noble bearing toward a dawning    
science1     ,in which they saw the     
grandeur of the future4     ,,business  
,,department4   ,,college ,,of          
,,therapeutics4  ,next ,session ,begins 
,november #a1 #ahhg4  ,this institution 
is the germ of what will be an immense  
revolution in education hereafter1 when 
the knowledge now given to small classes

 will hold a conspicuous place in every 
college1 and will be presented in every 
high school4  ,the mountain mass of     
inertia1 which opposes1 passively1 all  
fundamental changes1 cannot now resist  
scientific demonstration as it has in   
the past4 ,the instruction in the       
,college of ,therapeutics1 is thoroughly
 demonstrative1 leaving no room for     
doubt1 and it gives a species of        
knowledge which ought to be a part of   
every one's education--a knowledge of   
the constitution of man1 not obtainable 
to-day in any medical or literary       
college1 nor in our mammoth libraries4  
,it is not merely as a deep philosophy  
that this interests us1 but as a guide  
in the preservation of health1 and in   
the regulation of spiritual phenomena1  
which would1 to a very great extent1    
supersede our reliance on the medical   
profession by giving us the control of  
the vital powers1 by which we may       
protect ourselves1 and control the      
development of the young4  ,each student

 was made to feel the effects of local  
treatment on the body1 and the power of 
rapidly changing disease to health1 and 
was personally taught to perform the    
manipulations for this purpose1 and to  
investigate disease or portray character
 by the psychometric methods as well as 
to test the value of medicines4  ,the   
various uses and scientific application 
of electricity were shown1 and many     
things entirely unknown and unrecognized
 in works on ,electro-,therapeutics4    
,the entire class was placed under a    
medical influence simultaneously by the 
agency of electricity--an operation so  
marvelous that it would be considered   
incredible in medical colleges4 ,by     
these and other experiments and numerous
 illustrations and lucid explanations of
 the brain and nervous system1 the      
instruction was made deeply interesting1
 and students have attended more than   
one course to perfect themselves in the 
science4 ,the following declaration of  
sentiments shows how the course was     

regarded by the class3      ,the summer 
class of #ahhg in the ,college of       
,therapeutics1     feeling it their duty
 to add their testimony to that of many 
others in reference to the grand        
scientific discoveries which     they   
have seen thoroughly demonstrated by    
,prof4 ,j4 ,r4 ,buchanan1     would say 
to the public that no one can attend    
such a course of     instruction as we  
have recently been engaged in1 without  
realizing that ,therapeutic ,sarcognomy 
greatly enlarges the     practical      
resources of the healing art for the    
medical     practitioner1 magnetizer and
 electro-therapeutist1 while            
,psychometry1 whose positive truths we  
have tested and proven1     like the    
sun's rays1 illumines all the dark      
problems of medical     practice and of 
psycho-physiological sciences4          
,therapeutic ,sarcognomy explains the   
very intricate and     mysterious       
relations of the soul1 the brain and    
body1 which     prior to ,prof4         

,buchanan's discoveries were unknown to 
all     scientific teachers1 and are    
even now only known to his students     
and the readers of his works1      ,we  
feel that we have been very fortunate in
 finding so valuable     a source of    
knowledge1 whose future benefits to the 
human race1     in many ways1 cannot be 
briefly stated1 and we would assure all 
who may attend this college1 or read the
 published works of     ,prof4          
,buchanan1 and his monthly1 the ,journal
 of ,man1 that they     will1 when      
acquainted with the subject1 be ready to
 unite with     us in appreciating and  
honoring the greatest addition ever made
     to biological and psychological    
sciences4 ,hoping that the time     is  
not for distant when all students in    
medical colleges may     obtain access  
to this most important knowledge1 we    
give our     testimony to the public4   
,h4 ,c4 ,,aldrich1 ,m4 ,d41 ,d4 ,d4 ,s41
 ,chairman4                       ,,dr4 
,,jno4 ,c4 ,,schlarbaum1 ,secretary4    

,enlargement of the ,journal4  ,if the  
readers of the ,,journal knew how much  
very interesting matter is crowded out  
of each number of the ,,journal1 they   
would be very anxious for its           
enlargement4   ,advertising in the      
,journal4  ,the financial success of    
monthly magazines1 depends much upon a  
liberal advertising patronage4 ,i would 
say just to all my readers1 that the    
,,journal has a larger circulation than 
many medical journals which are filled  
with advertisements4 ,it is an excellent
 medium for those who have new and      
valuable things to present1 for it      
circulates among the most progressive   
and enlightened class of people4 ,the   
terms are the same which are common in  
magazines4  ,hand pointing right,an     
advertising agent might find profitable 
employment by applying to the editor of 
the ,,journal4   ,works of ,prof4 ,j4   
,r4 ,buchanan4  ,,the ,,new             
,,education4--#a4ej4  ,it is            
incomparably the best work on education 

that ,i have ever seen4--,prof4 ,wm4    
,denton4 ,i regard it as by far the best
 work on education ever                 
published4--,rev4 ,b4 ,f4 ,barrett4     
,,manual ,,of ,,psychometry4--,the dawn 
of a new civilization1--#b4af4  ,the    
like of this work is not to be found in 
the whole literature of the past4--,new 
,york ,home ,journal4 ,he has boldly    
navigated unknown seas till he has found
 a far greater and more important world 
than the ,genoese navigator             
discovered4--,hartford ,times4 ,there   
are striking reflections upon almost    
every page1 and a richness of language  
and freshness of spirit that is         
peculiarly marked4 ,medical ,brief1 ,st4
 ,louis4 ,a century in advance of his   
time4--,people's ,health ,journal1      
,chicago4  ,,psycho-,,physiological     
,,chart ,,of ,,sarcognomy4--#bax#ca     
inches1 #a4 ,showing the vital powers of
 soul1 brain1 and body in their         
location1 as a guide for treatment4     
,upon the psychic functions of the      

brain1 ,prof4 ,buchanan is the highest  
living authority4--,american            
,homoeopathist4  ,,therapeutic          
,,sarcognomy4--,now in preparation1 to  
be published next winter4  ,,outlines   
,,of ,,anthropology4--,now in           
preparation4   ,,practice ,,of          
,,psychometry4--,mrs4 ,c4 ,h4 ,buchanan 
continues the practice of ,psychometry1 
#f ,james ,street1 ,boston4 ,personal   
interview1 #b4 ,written descriptions1   
#c4 ,elaborate descriptions1 #e4 ,the   
objects of ,psychometry are the         
description of character1 constitution1 
health1 or disease1 and such advice as  
circumstances require4   ,,unlike ,,any 
,,other ,,paper4  ,the ,spectator1      
unlike other home papers1 seeks 7#a7 to 
acquaint every family with simple and   
efficient treatment for the various     
common diseases1 to1 in a word1 educate 
the people so they can avoid disease and
 cure sickness1 thus saving enormous    
doctors' bills1 and many precious lives4
 7#b7 ,to elevate and cultivate the     

moral nature1 awakening the conscience1 
and developing the noblest attributes of
 manhood4 7#c7 ,to give instructive and 
entertaining food to literary taste1    
thus developing the mind4 7#d7 ,to give 
just such hints to housekeepers that    
they need to tell how to prepare        
delicious dishes1 to beautify homes1 and
 to make the fireside the most          
attractive spot in the world4--,am4     
,spectator4   ,,mayo',s ,,anaesthetic4  
,the suspension of pain1 under dangerous
 surgical operations1 is the greatest   
triumph of ,therapeutic ,science in the 
present century4 ,it came first by      
mesmeric hypnotism1 which was applicable
 only to a few1 and was restricted by   
the jealous hostility of the old medical
 profession4 ,then came the nitrous     
oxide1 introduced by ,dr4 ,wells1 of    
,hartford1 and promptly discountenanced 
by the enlightened 787 medical          
profession of ,boston1 and set aside for
 the next candidate1 ether1 discovered  
in the ,united ,states also1 but far    

interior to the nitrous oxide as a safe 
and pleasant agent4 ,this was largely   
superseded by chloroform1 discovered    
much earlier by ,liebig and others1 but 
introduced as an anaesthetic in #ahdg1  
by ,prof4 ,simpson4 ,this proved to be  
the most powerful and dangerous of all4 
,thus the whole policy of the medical   
profession was to discourage the safe1  
and encourage the more dangerous agents4
 ,the magnetic sleep1 the most perfect  
of all anaesthetic agents1 was expelled 
from the realm of college authority2    
ether was substituted for nitrous oxide1
 and chloroform preferred to ether1     
until frequent deaths gave warning4     
,nitrous oxide1 much the safest of the  
three1 has not been the favorite1 but   
has held its ground1 especially with    
dentists4 ,but even nitrous oxide is not
 perfect4 ,it is not equal to the       
magnetic sleep1 when the latter is      
practicable1 but fortunately it is      
applicable to all4 ,to perfect the      
nitrous oxide1 making it universally    

safe and pleasant1 ,dr4 ,u4 ,k4 ,mayo1  
of ,boston1 has combined it with certain
 harmless vegetable nervines1 which     
appear to control the fatal tendency    
which belongs to all anaesthetics when  
carried too far4 ,the success of ,dr4   
,mayo1 in perfecting our best           
anaesthetic1 is amply attested by those 
who have used it4 ,dr4 ,thorndike1 than 
whom1 ,boston had no better surgeon1    
pronounced it the safest the world has  
yet seen4 ,it has been administered to  
children and to patients in extreme     
debility4 ,drs4 ,frizzell and ,williams1
 say they have given it repeatedly in   
heart disease1 severe lung diseases1    
,bright's disease1 etc41 where the      
patients were so feeble as to require   
assistance in walking1 many of them     
under medical treatment1 and the results
 have been all that we could ask--no    
irritation1 suffocation1 nor depression4
 ,we heartily commend it to all as the  
anaesthetic of the age4 ,dr4 ,morrill1  
of ,boston1 administered ,mayo's        

anaesthetic to his wife with delightful 
results when her lungs were so badly    
disorganized1 that the administration of
 ether or gas would be entirely unsafe4 
,the reputation of this anaesthetic is  
now well established2 in fact1 it is not
 only safe and harmless1 but has great  
medical virtue for daily use in many    
diseases1 and is coming into use for    
such purposes4 ,in a paper before the   
,georgia ,state ,dental ,society1 ,dr4  
,e4 ,parsons testified strongly to its  
superiority4 ,the nitrous oxide1 7says  
,dr4 ,p47 causes the patient when fully 
under its influence to have very like   
the appearance of a corpse1 but under   
this new anaesthetic the patient appears
 like one in a natural sleep4 ,the      
language of the press1 generally has    
been highly commendatory1 and if ,dr4   
,mayo had occupied so conspicuous a rank
 as ,prof4 ,simpson1 of ,edinburgh1 his 
new anaesthetic would have been adopted 
at once in every college of ,america and
 ,europe4         99       99       99  

99       99                             
,mayo's ,vegetable ,anaesthetic4  ,a    
perfectly safe and pleasant substitute  
for chloroform1 ether1 nitrous oxide    
gas1 and all other anaesthetics4        
,discovered by ,dr4 ,u4 ,k4 ,mayo1      
,april1 #ahhc1 and since administered by
 him and others in over #cjj1jjj cases  
successfully4 ,the youngest child1 the  
most sensitive lady1 and those having   
heart disease1 and lung complaint1      
inhale this vapor with impunity4 ,it    
stimulates the circulation of the blood 
and builds up the tissues4 ,indorsed by 
the highest authority in the            
professions1 recommended in midwifery   
and all cases of nervous prostration4   
,physicians1 surgeons1 dentists and     
private families supplied with this     
vapor1 liquefied1 in cylinders of       
various capacities4 ,it should be       
administered the same as ,nitrous       
,oxide1 but it does not produce headache
 and nausea as that sometimes does4 ,for
 further information pamphlets1         

testimonials1 etc41 apply to            
,,dr4 ,u4 ,k4 ,,mayo1 ,dentist1         
#cgh ,tremont ,st41 ,boston1 ,mass4     
99       99       99       99       99  
,religio-,philosophical ,journal4       
,,established #ahfe4                    
,,published ,,weekly ,,at               
#ib ,la ,salle ,street1 ,chicago1       
,,by ,,john ,c4 ,,bundy1  ,,terms ,,of  
,,subscription ,,in ,,advance3  ,one    
copy1 one year   #b4ej  ,single copies1 
#e cents4 ,specimen copy free4  ,all    
letters and communications should be    
addressed1 and all remittances made     
payable to                       ,,john 
,c4 ,,bundy1 ,chicago1 ,ill4  ,a ,paper 
for all who ,sincerely and              
,intelligently ,seek ,truth without     
regard to ,sect or ,party4  ,press1     
,pulpit1 and ,people ,proclaim its      
,merits4  ,concurrent ,commendations    
from ,widely ,opposite ,sources4  ,is   
the ablest ,spiritualist paper in       
,america4444 ,mr4 ,bundy has earned the 
respect of all lovers of the truth1 by  

his sincerity and courage4--,boston     
,evening ,transcript4  ,i have a most   
thorough respect for the ,,journal1 and 
believe its editor and proprietor is    
disposed to treat the whole subject of  
spiritualism fairly4--,rev4 ,m4 ,j4     
,savage 7,unitarian7 ,boston4  ,i wish  
you the fullest success in your         
courageous course4--,r4 ,heber ,newton1 
,d4 ,d4  ,your course has made          
spiritualism respected by the secular   
press as it never has been before1 and  
compelled an honorable                  
recognition4--,hudson ,tuttle1 ,author  
and ,lecturer4  ,i read your paper every
 week with great interest4--,h4 ,w4     
,thomas1 ,d4 ,d41 ,chicago4  ,i         
congratulate you on the management of   
the paper4444 ,i indorse your position  
as to the investigation of the          
phenomena4--,samuel ,watson1 ,d4 ,d41   
,memphis1 ,tenn4          99       99   
99       99       99                    
,,facts1                           ,a   
,,monthly ,,magazine1                   

,,devoted ,,to                          
,mental and ,spiritual ,phenomena1      
,,including              ,dreams1       
,mesmerism1 ,psychometry1 ,clairvoyance1
            ,clairaudience1             
,inspiration1 ,trance1 and ,physical    
,mediumship2 ,prayer1 ,mind1 and        
,magnetic                 ,healing2 and 
all classes of ,psychical               
,effects4                 ,single       
,copies1 #aj ,cents2 #a4jj per year4    
,,published ,,by                        
,facts ,publishing ,company1            
7,drawer #ecbc17 ,,boston1 ,,mass4      
,l4 ,l4 ,,whitlock1 ,editor4            
,for ,sale by ,,colby  ,,rich1 #i       
,bosworth ,street4         99       99  
99       99       99                    
,transcriber's ,note3 ,the ,table of    
,contents came from the first     issue 
of the volume4 ,the article on          
,,anthropology is continued     from the
 previous issue's page #cb4