,,buchanan',s                           
,,journal ,,of ,,man4                   
,,vol4 ,i4         ,,july1 #ahhg4       
,,no4 #f4     ,,contents ,,of ,,journal 
,,of ,,man4       ,magnetic ,education  
and ,therapeutics--,the ,so-,called     
,scientific     ,immortality--,review of
 the ,new ,education--,victoria's ,half 
,century--,outlook of ,diogenes--,a     
,bill to ,destroy the ,indians          
,,miscellaneous ,,intelligence--,the    
,seybert ,commission2 ,the ,evils       
that need ,attention2 ,condensed        
,items--,mesmerism in                   
,paris--,medical ,freedom--,victoria's  
,jubilee2 ,delightful ,homes            
,outlines of ,anthropology              
,continued--,cranioscopy--,illustrated  
,,magnetic ,,education ,,and            
,,therapeutics4  ,,extracts ,,from ,,an 
,,essay ,,by ,,dr4 ,,charles ,,du       
,,prel1 ,,in ,,sphinx1 ,,translated     
,,for ,,the ,,journal ,,of ,,man4       
,in the ,wiener ,allgemeiner ,i spoke of
 the possibility of     moral education 

by means of magnetism1 which has been   
carried     out4 99 99 99      ,dr4     
,bernheim1 a ,professor of the ,medical 
,faculty in ,nancy who     is a champion
 of hypnotism has written a book on     
',suggestion and     its ,application in
 ,therapeutics1' in which a great many  
hypnotic     cures are recorded4        
99       99       99       99       99  
,dr4 ---- quotes ,franklin against      
magnetism but ,sprengel in his          
,pharmacology says ',franklin1 sickly as
 he was1 took no part     whatever in   
the investigation4' ,the ,academy again 
investigated     7#ahbe-ca7             
somnambulism1 discovered by ,puysegur1  
,mesmer's     scholar4 ,in their report 
of two year's investigation1 eleven ,m4 
,d4's unanimously pronounced in favor of
 all important phenomena     ascribed to
 somnambulism4 ,a fairly complete       
synopsis of their     report will be    
found in my ',philosophy of ,mystics4'  
99       99       99       99       99  
,du ,potet first studied medicine1 but  

disgusted by the poor     results of    
,pharmacology he embraced magnetism4 ,he
 performed a     series of mesmeric     
experiments in the ,hotel ,dieu of so   
potent a     nature that twenty ,m4     
,d4's of that celebrated hospital signed
     the minutes of these proceedings4  
,people ran after ,du ,potet1           
pointing at him and crying ',the man who
 cures4'             99       99        
99       99       99      ,the respect  
for medical therapeutics never has been 
at as low     an ebb as just now4 ,the  
public cannot be blamed for this lack of
     respect1 for they have daily       
experiences of the ill results of       
medicine4 ,even high medical authorities
 are of the opinion that     we have    
to-day a disintegration of medical      
principles worse than     ever4 ,more   
uncertain than therapeutics is the      
manner of     diagnosing to-day6 ,the   
public is well aware that each doctor   
has     something different to say or   
prescribe4 ,i have a personal case      

in point4 ,during eighteen months ,i    
consulted seven different     doctors1  
and got seven different contrary        
diagnoses as well as     contradictory  
modes of treatment1 and this1 too1 in   
the city of     ,munich1 which is hardly
 secondary to any other city for its    
medical talent4 ,is there any cause to  
blame the public for     running to the 
magnetizers8 ,i should do so myself if  
my magnetic     susceptibility was      
greater4 ,in such magnetizers as even   
,mesmer1     ,dr4 ,b4 can see nothing   
but charlatans1 but ,i desire to make   
him     aware that a physician whose    
reputation he is cognizant of1          
,prof4 ,nussbaum in ,munich1 said to his
 audience in ,college1     ',gentlemen1 
magnetism is the medicine of the        
future4' ,as ,i am     writing this ,i  
have been disturbed by a visitor        
desiring the     address of a reliable  
magnetizer1 as the physician recommended
 a     magnetizer1 as he was at his wits
 end4      ,in our medicine the adjunct 

sciences alone are scientific1 and      
we must respect their high grade2 but   
therapeutics we have none4     ,hence   
,mesmer should be called a benefactor to
 mankind1 for he     has pointed out the
 correct way4 ,he1 with ,hippocrates1   
says that     not the physician but     
nature cures--that the real therapeutics
     consists only in aiding the vis    
medicatrix naturae4 ,in this            
direction the professors at ,nancy and  
,paris are laboring4 ,they     have     
given the experimental proof that if the
 idea of an     organic change of the   
body is instilled into the mind of the  
hypnotized1 then such change will take  
place4 ,in this we have     a foundation
 for a ,,psychic ,,therapeutics which we
 hope will soon     put an end to the   
anarchic condition of medicine of the   
present     day4 ,but the greatest curse
 to science of old1 and which makes     
its appearance even to-day1 is that the 
old ideas are the     greatest enemies  
of the new4      ,unfortunately it is   

the same in the thought realm as in     
lifeless nature1 vis inertiae--the law  
of indolence1 according     to which    
nature remains in its condition to all  
eternity1 until     she is forced into  
some new condition from a new cause4    
,this     vis inertiae is harder to     
conquer in the thought realm than in    
lifeless nature1 for ,mesmer appeared a 
hundred years ago1 and     yet to-day   
they call him a perfect charlatan4      
,braid1 thirty     years ago1 started   
hypnotism1 but only after ,hansen made a
     multitude of experiments for profit
 and pleasure in the largest     cities 
of ,germany1 did the physicians wake up 
to the idea of     investigating it4    
,they teach nothing of mesmerism or     
hypnotism     at the universities4 ,yes1
 even one year ago a professor of       
medicine confessed to me1 should ,i     
pronounce the word     somnambulism ,i'd
 be ruined4 ,this is the manner in which
 ideas     are kept from medical        
students4      ,if medicine1 in its     

results1 could look with pride on its   
therapeutics1 it might be explained4    
,but a therapeutics that     allows     
thousands of children to sink yearly    
into untimely graves     from all manner
 of diseases1 that allows a large       
proportion of     grown persons to be   
decimated yearly by epidemics1 that in  
its     psychiatry is perfectly impotent
 to stop the rapid increase of          
insanity1 that notoriously cannot cure a
 migraine1 a cold1 yea1     not even a  
corn1--such a system ought surely to    
have some     modesty1 and be only too  
glad to accept improvements that tend   
to ameliorate this condition4           
,,condition ,,of ,,the ,,medical        
,,profession4  ,these remarks of ,dr4   
,du ,prel1 though somewhat exaggerated1 
are probably based on truth in their    
reference to the backward condition of  
the medical profession in ,europe1 and  
of all that portion in ,america which is
 essentially ,european1 and governed by 
,european authority4 ,but the healing   

art in ,america has been to a great     
extent emancipated by the spirit of     
,american liberty1 and in its actual    
results among liberal physicians is far 
in advance of the ,european system4 ,one
 signal proof of this was given at      
,cincinnati in #ahdi1 when that city was
 visited by a terrible epidemic of      
,asiatic cholera1 which swept off five  
thousand of its inhabitants4 ,the       
mortality of cholera under old school   
practise had been from twenty-five to   
sixty per cent41 the latter having been 
realized in hospitals at ,paris4 ,under 
the practice taught in our college at   
that time1 the mortality in #a1ejj cases
 did not exceed six per cent4  ,the     
atmosphere of freedom in this country1  
and the absolute medical freedom 7until 
within a few years the colleges have    
procured medical legislation to help    
their diplomas1 and their graduates7    
have given a progressiveness and        
practicality to ,american physicians    
which are beginning to be recognized    

abroad4  ,dr4 ,lawson ,tait is eminent  
in the treatment of women in ,england4  
,in the ,medical ,current of ,april     
#bjth1 he is quoted as expressing a     
regret that his time and money had not  
been directed to the ,western instead of
 the ,eastern ,hemisphere1 when picking 
up his medical knowledge4 ,he predicted 
that 'ere long it will be to the medical
 colleges of ,america rather than to    
those of ,europe that students will     
travel4' ,then he goes on to say3       
,american visitors abroad who have given
 weeks and months to see     me work1   
have one and all impressed me with their
 possession of     that feature of mind 
which in ,england ,i fear we do not     
possess1     the power of judging any   
question solely upon its merits1 and    
entirely apart from any prejudice1      
tradition1 or personal bias4     ,no    
matter how we may struggle against it1  
tradition rules all we     do2 we cannot
 throw off its shackles1 and ,i am bound
 to plead     guilty to this weakness   

myself1 perhaps as fully as any of my   
countrymen may be compelled to do4 ,i   
may have thrown off the     shackles in 
some instances1 but ,i know that ,i am  
firmly bound in     others1 and my hope 
is that my visit to a freer country and 
a     better climate may extend my      
mental vision4   ,,power ,,of           
,,magnetism ,,and ,,suggestion4  ,the   
suggestion of ,du ,prel as to the       
hypnotic teaching in ,france1 that an   
idea impressed on the mind of the       
hypnotized will be realized in the body 
is the basis of a great deal of         
therapeutic philosophy4 ,it is true in  
practice just to the extent of human    
impressibility4 ,a cheerful physician or
 friend1 by encouraging words impresses 
the idea of recovery and thus sometimes 
produces it4 ,judicious friends never   
speak in a discouraging manner to the   
invalid4 ,the success of mind cure      
practitioners is based on this          
principle4 ,they endeavor to impress on 
the patient's mind the idea of perfect  

health1 but they know too little of the 
whole subject to know how to place the  
patient in that passive and receptive   
condition in which the results are most 
promptly and certainly produced4  ,such 
methods are limited in their effect in  
proportion to human impressibility and  
cannot possibly supersede all use of    
remedies which reach thousands of cases 
in which mental operations would be     
entirely futile4 ,but the power of      
animal magnetism over all diseases and  
infirmities of mind and body has been so
 often demonstrated that its neglect is 
a deep disgrace to the medical colleges4
 ,a correspondent of the ,daily         
,telegraph gives the following          
illustration of its power over          
drunkenness3      ,about eighteen months
 ago ,i was conversing with my friend   
,b41     who is an enthusiastic believer
 in mesmerism1 and has repute as     an 
amateur practitioner4 ,my contention was
 that his favorite     science 787 had  
contributed absolutely nothing to the   

world's     good to cause its           
recognition by either scientists or     
philosophers4 ',can you give me1' said  
,i1 'one instance in which     you have 
conferred an actual benefit by the      
practice of your     favorite art8' ,he 
related several1 from which ,i selected 
the     following3--',there lives by my 
parsonage1' said my friend ,b41 'a      
man who for many years1 had been a      
confirmed drunkard4     ,repeatedly were
 his wife and children forced to flee   
from him1     for when in his drunken   
frenzies1 he attempted to murder them4  
,again and again have ,i striven to     
induce him to flee from his     horrible
 vice1 but my efforts were always       
futile4 ,one day he     called to see me
 when he was suffering acutely from the 
effects     of drink4 ,i resolved to    
place him under mesmeric influence4     
,this     ,i did1 and while subject to  
me made him promise not to touch        
strong drink again1 and if he attempted 
to break his pledge1     might the drink

 taste to him filthy as putrid soapsuds4
 ,i then     restored him to his normal 
state1 and he left me4 ,he kept his     
unconsciously given promise4 ,in the    
course of a couple of years     this man
 raised himself from a condition of     
poverty to the     comfortable position 
of a thriving market gardener4 ',not a  
fortnight since1' resumed my friend1 'my
 neighbor's wife     laughingly said to 
me1 ',there is no fear of my husband    
ever     drinking again1 sir4 ,you know 
he has to be in the market very         
early in the morning with his           
vegetables4 ,yesterday morning1         
while he was drinking a cup of coffee at
 the hotel an old mate     said to him1 
',why don't you drink some spirits2 are 
you afraid8'     ,to show his mate that 
he was not afraid1 he ordered a glass of
     brandy1 but no sooner did he put it
 in his mouth than he spat it     out   
again1 saying the 'filthy stuff tasted  
like rotten     soapsuds4' ,my friend   
,b4 said1 that1 till he told me1 to no  

one     had he mentioned the fact1 and  
that what he did to his poor            
neighbor he did in order to see if it   
were possible to use     mesmerism as a 
remedial agent in cases of drunkenness4 
,the power of control over the          
impressible condition 7which is so      
easily developed into hypnotism7 has    
been recently illustrated in ,france1   
and reports of the phenomena published  
in the ,london ,news1 concerning which  
,mr4 ,charles ,dawbarn has published the
 following in the ,banner of ,light3    
,according to the reports published in  
the ,daily ,news of     ,london1 ,eng41 
an attempt has been made by physicians  
in ,paris1     ,france1 to determine the
 duration of an hypnotic influence4     
,some     of my readers may not be aware
 that 'hypnotism' is a word coined      
by the medical faculty to replace the   
term 'mesmerism1' which     they        
consider disreputably associated with   
spiritualism4 ,these     physicians seem
 to have had some very fine sensitives  

upon whom     to operate4 ,the first    
experiment was upon a lady of some      
means1     but having a mother and      
sister dependent upon her for support4  
,the hypnotizer first established his   
influence in the usual     manner1 and  
then told the lady he wished her to go  
to a lawyer     the next day1 and make  
her will in his favor4 ,she protested1  
but     finally gave way4 ,all memory of
 this promise seemed to be lost     as  
soon as she returned to her normal      
condition4 ,but next day     she went to
 a lawyer1 and although he begged her to
 remember her     mother and sister1 the
 will was made just as suggested by the 
physician4 ,she was an affectionate     
daughter and told the lawyer     she was
 impelled to leave her property to a    
stranger by an     influence which she  
could not resist4      ,a second        
experiment with another sensitive was   
then tried4 ,this     time the poor girl
 promised to poison a friend next day1  
she     carried away with her a dose    

prepared by the doctor4 ,not knowing    
why1 and like the other sensitive1 under
 an influence she could     not resist1 
she gave her friend the harmless drug in
 a glass of     milk1 and thus enacted  
the part of a murderer4      ,these     
experiments have the novelty of having  
been made by the     regular faculty2   
but thousands of ,spiritualists have    
proved the     truth of an hypnotic     
influence lasting long after the        
apparent     release of the sensitive4  
,we know1 or ought to know1 that the    
hypnotic condition can be induced       
without visible passes2 and     many of 
us have seen a sensitive under influence
 sitting     quietly1 showing no sign of
 her slavery to the will of another4    
,we may go yet a step further and assert
 that men and women1     visible and    
invisible1 are constantly psychologizing
 each other1     although we only use   
the term sensitive when the effect is   
visible to our dull senses4      ,but   
,spiritualists as a whole have been     

converted by the     phenomena appealing
 to their outward senses1 and know      
little and     care little for effects  
that can only be traced by shrewd1      
careful and scientific experiment4 ,yet 
such facts as come to the     surface in
 those experiments with sensitives in   
,france1 are keys     with which to     
unlock some of life's darkest mysteries1
 and     expose the harsh treatment of  
many mediums4      ,many of us have been
 greatly troubled by the conduct of our 
mediums1 and often puzzled by their     
careful prepared attempts at     fraud4 
,mediums we have met and loved1 because 
they have given us     proof after proof
 of the 'gates ajar' for angel visitors1
 have     been presently detected in    
frauds that required days of careful    
preparation4 ,we have cried1 ',down with
 the frauds6' and insisted     that they
 should return to wash-tub and spade for
 an honest     living4      ,we have    
omitted to keep in view that one who is 
a medium     ,mondays1 ,wednesdays and  

,fridays must also be a medium          
,tuesdays1     ,thursdays and           
,saturdays1 and we have neglected to    
learn the     lessons of our own        
experience4 ,i was talking recently to a
     gentleman of prominence1 twice     
sheriff of his county1 who was          
narrating with glee how he had          
mesmerised a young man1 and then        
told him1 ',at noon to-morrow you will  
be lame1 and it will last     two       
hours4' ,of course it happened much to  
the poor fellows     perplexity1 but my 
friend would have been surprised to     
discover     that therein was the entire
 case of the ,french sensitives and of  
our poor mediums4      ,a very important
 thought is that an hypnotic influence  
need not     spring from any verbal     
expression4 ,we all carry with us an    
influence which strikes every sensitive 
we meet2 and if we sit     with her when
 she is1 of course1 specially passive1  
she must     receive a yet more marked  
influence4 ,there is a photographic     

curiosity now often exhibited which1 ,i 
think1 illustrates the     thought ,i   
want to emphasize4 ,a family or a class 
can be     photographed1 one by one1 at 
exactly the same focus and on the       
same negative1 with a result that you   
have a clear and distinct     face1 not 
of any one's personality1 but that      
actually combines     the features of   
the whole into a new individual unlike  
any of     the sitters4      ,this is   
the very influence we cast upon a       
sensitive when she     sits for us in a 
miscellaneous circle4 ,we cannot say    
that any     one of us has powerfully   
affected her1 but we know the entire    
influence has got control and           
possession1 and that influence          
follows her1 too often with irresistible
 power4  ,the publication of a work on  
animal magnetism by ,binet and ,fere of 
,paris prompts the following sketch of  
the subject by the ,boston ,herald1 a   
newspaper which pays great attention to 
anything foreign or anything from the   

old school profession1 but ignores that 
which is ,american and original4 ,the   
reader will observe that the writers are
 all in the dark1 unable to explain the 
phenomena they describe4   ,,progress   
,,of ,,magnetism4  ,one of the most     
notable features of the scientific      
tendencies of the present day is the    
extraordinary interest taken in the     
investigation of those peculiar physical
 and psychical conditions attending the 
states now known collectively under the 
name of hypnotism1 varying from         
lethargy1 catalepsy1 etc41 to           
somnambulism4 ,until quite recently     
these investigations have been frowned  
upon and tabooed in scientific circles1 
and the fact that any man of scientific 
inclinations was known to feel an       
interest in matters associated with     
mesmerism or animal magnetism was       
sufficient to make him an object of     
suspicion1 and injure his good standing 
amongst his fellow-scientists4 ,the     
result of the so-called investigations  

long ago instituted by the ,french      
,academy1 pronouncing in effect the     
whole subject a humbug and delusion1 has
 lain like an interdict upon further    
researches1 and the whole matter was    
left over1 for the most part1 to        
charlatans or to persons hardly capable 
of forming sound judgments or proceeding
 according to the accurate methods      
demanded by modern science4 ,science1   
however1 in the remarkable progress     
attained of late1 has advanced so far   
upon certain lines that it has been     
hardly possible to proceed further in   
those directions without entering upon  
the forbidden field4 ,therefore1 the old
 signboards against trespassing have    
been taken down4 ,for mesmerism1 that   
verbal scarecrow1 has been substituted  
hypnotism1 which word has had a         
wonderfully legitimatizing effect2 while
 animal magnetism1 that once flouted    
idea1 has been proven to be an existent 
fact by methods as accurate as those    
adopted by ,faraday or ,edison to verify

 their observations4   ,,efforts ,,of   
,,scientists4  ,many of the most eminent
 scientists of ,europe are now devoting 
themselves assiduously to these         
researches4 ,periodicals making a       
specialty of the subject are now        
published in ,france1 ,germany1 and     
,england4 ,a catalogue of the recent    
literature of hypnotism and related     
phenomena1 compiled by ,max ,dessoir1   
was printed in the number of the ,german
 magazine called the ,sphinx for        
,february of this year1 and this        
catalogue occupied nine pages4 ,the list
 is limited to those works written on   
the lines laid under the methods of the 
modern school1 all books being excluded 
whose authors hold to mesmeric theories1
 or who are even professional           
magnetizers4 ,the catalogue is1         
therefore1 as strictly scientific as    
possible1 and1 being classified with    
,german thoroughness under the different
 branches of the subject1 such as       
hystero-hypnotism1 suggestion1          

fascination1 etc41 it will prove a      
valuable assistance to the student4  ,in
 this country the interest of scientists
 has not yet been aroused to an extent  
comparable with that of ,european       
investigators4 ,old prejudices have not 
entirely lost their potency4 ,one of the
 most eminent professors of a leading   
university is said to have been         
subjected to ridicule from his          
colleagues because of a marked interest 
shown in the subject1 and a ,boston     
physician of high standing within a few 
months confided to the writer that he   
had made use of hypnotic methods1 with  
gratifying success1 in the case of a    
patient where ordinary remedies had     
proven unavailing1 but he did not       
venture to make the results public1     
since his fellow doctors might be       
inclined to condemn his action as       
irregular4  ,a work embracing the whole 
subject has lately appeared in ,paris1  
and1 as it is to form a volume of the   
valuable ,international ,scientific     

series1 published in ,english1 ,french1 
,german1 and ,italian1 it can hardly    
fail to diffuse a correct popular       
understanding of the results thus far   
attained4 ,the book is called ,le       
,magnetism ,animal 7,animal ,magnetism71
 and its authors are ,messrs4 ,alfred   
,binet and ,charles ,fere of the medical
 staff of the ,salpetriere ,hospital for
 ,nervous ,disorders in ,paris4 ,it     
gives a history of the patient          
researches conducted at that institution
 by the medical staff under the         
celebrated ,prof4 ,charcot during the   
past nine years4 ,these experiments have
 been prosecuted according to the most  
exact scientific methods1 and with the  
most extreme caution4 ,the endeavor has 
been to obtain1 first of all1 the most  
elementary psychic phenomena1 and to    
test every step in the investigations by
 separate experiment1 specially devised 
to prove the good faith of the subject  
and the reality of his hallucination1 to
 eliminate the possibility of           

unconscious suggestion1 to establish    
relations with similar phenomena of     
disease or health in the domain of      
physiology and psychology1 and to note  
the modifications which can be brought  
about by altering the conditions of the 
experiments4 ,the authors possess the   
great scientific virtue of never        
dogmatising4 ,in the entire book not a  
single law is laid down1 not a single   
hypothesis is advanced1 which is not    
reached by the most approved inductive  
processes4 ,a great service of the book 
lies in its enunciation of new and      
trustworthy methods for studying the    
physiology of the brain in health and   
disease1 while it brings into the realm 
of physical experiment vexed questions  
of psychology heretofore given over to  
metaphysical methods exclusively4       
,,the ,,hypnotic ,,sleep  ,is described 
as a different form of natural sleep1   
and all the causes which bring on       
fatigue are capable of bringing on      
hypnotism in suitable subjects4 ,two of 

the leading hypnotic states are lethargy
 and catalepsy1 the former being        
analogous to deep sleep1 and the latter 
to a light slumber4 ,in lethargy the    
respiratory movements are slow and deep2
 in catalepsy slight1 shallow1 very     
slow1 and separated by a long interval4 
,in lethargy the application of a magnet
 over the region of the stomach causes  
profound modifications in the breathing 
and circulation1 while there is no such 
effect in catalepsy4 ,this shows the    
connection of hypnotism with magnetism1 
and various other experiments with      
magnets have produced some remarkable   
results4 ,here it may be added that ,dr4
 ,gessmann1 a ,vienna scientist who has 
made a specialty of hypnotic studies1   
has invented and successfully applied an
 instrument called a hypnoscope1        
consisting of an arrangement of magnets 
for the purpose of ascertaining whether 
any person is a good hypnotic subject4  
,the experiments demonstrate that       
sensation in the hypnotic states varies 

between the two opposite poles of       
hyperaesthesia and anaeesthesia2 in     
other words1 the senses may be          
extraordinarily exalted1 as in          
somnambulism1 or1 as in lethargy1 they  
may be extinct1 except sometimes        
hearing4 ,in somnambulism the field of  
vision and acuteness of sight are about 
doubled1 hearing is made very acute1 and
 smell is so intensely developed that a 
subject can find by scent the fragment  
of a card1 previously given him to feel1
 and then torn up and hidden4 ,the      
memory in somnambulism is similarly     
exalted4 ,when awakened the subject does
 not1 as a rule1 remember anything that 
occurred while he was entranced1 but1   
when again hypnotized1 his memory       
includes all the facts of his sleep1 his
 life when awake and his former sleeps4 
,richet attests how somnambules recall  
with a luxury of detail scenes in which 
they have taken part and places they    
have visited long ago4 ,m----1 one of   
his somnambules1 sings the air of the   

second act of the opera ,l',africaine   
when she is asleep1 but can not remember
 a note of it when awake4  ,there is a  
theory that no experience whatever of   
any person is lost to the memory2 it is 
only the power to recall it that is     
defective4 ,the authors of this work say
 that1 while the exaltation of the      
memory during somnambulism does not give
 absolute proof to the theory that      
nothing is lost1 it proves at any rate  
that the memory of preservation is much 
greater than is generally imagined1 in  
comparison with the memory of           
reproduction1 or recollection4 ,it is   
evident1 they say1 that in a great      
number of cases1 where we believe the   
memory is completely blotted out1 it is 
nothing of the kind4 ,the trace is      
always there1 but what is lacking is the
 power to evoke it2 and it is highly    
probable that if we were subjected to   
hypnotism1 or the action of suitable    
excitants1 memories to all appearance   
dead might be revived4  ,a comparison   

between the phenomena of awakening from 
natural and artificial sleep is         
instituted4 ,in the case of dreams1     
recollection more or less vivid persists
 for a few seconds1 then becomes        
effaced4 ,this forgetfulness is even    
more marked in the case of hypnosis4 ,on
 returning to natural consciousness1 the
 subject cannot recompose a single one  
of the scenes in which he has played his
 part as witness or actor4 ,the loss1   
however1 is not complete1 for often a   
word or two is sufficient to bring back 
a whole scene1 though this word or two  
coming from operator to subject1        
partakes more or less of the nature of a
 suggestion4   ,,suggestion4            
,suggestion1 by which is meant the      
production of thoughts and actions on   
the part of the subject through some    
indication or hint given by the         
operator1 is found to be analogous to   
dreaming4 ,say the authors3 ,for        
suggestion to succeed1 the subject must 
have naturally fallen1 or been          

artificially thrown into a state of     
morbid receptivity3 but it is difficult 
to determine accurately the conditions  
of suggestionability4 ,however1 we may  
mention two4 ,the first1 the mental     
inertia of the subject3 99 99 99 the    
consciousness is completely empty3 an   
idea is suggested1 and reigns supreme   
over the slumbering consciousness1 99 99
 99 ,the second is psychic              
hyperexcitability1 the cause of the     
aptitude for suggestion4 ,for example1  
we say to a patient3 ',look1 you have a 
bird in your apron1' and no sooner are  
these simple words pronounced than she  
sees the bird1 feels it with her        
fingers1 and sometimes even hears it    
sing4 ,again1 in place of speech we     
engage the attention of the patient1 and
 when her gaze has become settled and   
obediently follows all our movements1 we
 imitate with the hand the motion of an 
object which flies4 ,soon the subject   
cries3 ',oh1 what a pretty bird6' ,how  
has a simple gesture produced so        

singular an effect8      ,it is         
admitted1 however1 that the hypothesis  
of the association     of ideas only    
partly covers the facts of suggestion1  
even when     stretched to include      
resemblances4 ,for instance1 when we    
charge     the brain of an entranced    
patient with some strange idea1 such    
as1 ',on awakening you will rob ,mr4    
,so-and-so of his     handkerchief1' and
 on awakening1 the patient accomplishes 
the     theft commanded1 can we believe 
that in such a sequence there is        
nothing more than an image associated   
with an act8 ,in point of     fact1 the 
patient has appropriated and assimilated
 the idea of     the experimenter4 ,she 
does not passively execute a strange    
order1 but the order has passed in her  
consciousness from     passive to       
active4 ,we can go so far as to say that
 the patient     has the will to steal4 
,this state is complex and obscure1     
hitherto no one has explained it4 99 99 
99 ,the facts of paralysis     by       

suggestion completely upset classical   
psychology4 ,the     experimenter who   
produces them so easily knows neither   
what he     produces nor how he does it4
 ,take the example of a systematic      
anaesthesia 7paralysis of sensation74   
,we say to the subject1 ',on            
awakening you will not see ,mr4 ,x41 who
 is there before us2 he     will have   
completely disappeared4' ,no sooner said
 than done2 the     patient on awakening
 sees every one around her except ,mr4  
,x4     ,when he speaks she does not    
answer his questions2 if he places      
his hand on her shoulder she does not   
feel the contact2 if he     gets in her 
way1 she walks straight on1 and is      
terrified at     being stopped by an    
invisible obstacle4 99 99 99 ,here the  
laws of     association1 which do such  
good service in solving psychological   
problems1 abandon us completely4        
,apparently they do not account     for 
all the facts of consciousness4         
,,portraits ,,by ,,hallucination4  ,a   

remarkable and suggestive series of     
experiments performed with portraits by 
hallucination is given in the book4     
,these experiments show1 that if by     
suggestion a subject is made to see a   
portrait on a sheet of card board which 
is exactly alike on both sides1 the     
image will always be seen on the same   
side1 and1 however it is presented1 the 
subject will always place the card with 
the surfaces and edges in the exact     
positions they occupied at the moment of
 suggestion1 in such a manner that the  
image can neither be reversed nor       
inclined4 ,if the surfaces are reversed1
 the image is no longer seen2 if the    
edges1 it is seen upside down4 ,the     
subject is never caught in a mistake2   
the changes may be made out of his      
sight1 but the image is invariably seen 
in accordance with the primitive        
conditions1 although absolutely no      
difference is to be detected by the     
normal vision between the two blank     
surfaces4  ,one experiment brings out   

this fact clearly4 ,on a white sheet of 
paper is placed a card equally white2   
with a fine point1 but without touching 
the paper1 the contour of the card is   
followed while the idea of a line traced
 in black is suggested to the subject4  
,the subject1 when awakened1 is asked to
 fold the paper according to these      
imaginary lines4 ,he holds the paper at 
the distance at which it was at the     
moment of suggestion1 and folds it in   
the form of a rectangle exactly         
superposable on the card4  ,a curious   
experiment in the same line has been    
often repeated by ,prof4 ,charcot4 ,the 
subject is given the suggestion of a    
portrait on a white card1 which is then 
shuffled up with a dozen cards all      
alike4 ,on awakening1 the subject is    
asked to run over the collection1       
without being told the reason why it is 
wished4 ,when he comes to the card on   
which had been located the imaginary    
portrait1 he at once perceives it4 ,one 
detail of these experiments is very     

significant4 ,supposing we show the     
imaginary portrait at a distance of two 
yards from the subject's eyes1 the card 
appears white1 whereas a real photograph
 would appear gray4 ,if it is gradually 
brought nearer1 the imaginary portrait  
at last appears1 but it is necessary for
 it to be much nearer than an ordinary  
photograph for the patient to recognize 
the subject4 ,by means of opera glasses 
we can make the patient recognize her   
hallucination at a distance at which she
 could not perceive it with the naked   
eye4 ,in short1 the imaginary object    
which figures in the hallucination is   
perceived under the same conditions as  
if it were real4 ,various other         
experiments are detailed in support of  
this formula4 ,the opera glasses only   
act as if they were focussed upon the   
point of hallucination1 and in the case 
of a short-sighted subject they had to  
be altered to allow for the defect of   
vision4 ,if the patient looks through a 
prism the image is seen duplicated1     

although the subject is absolutely      
ignorant of the properties of a prism1  
as well as of the fact that the glass is
 a prism4 ,a photograph of the plain    
white card used when the photograph was 
suggested may be substituted1 and on    
being shown to the patient1 the         
hallucinatory image is seen just the    
same1 even two years after the original 
experiment1 as was done in one case4    
,some strange phenomena of polarity are 
related4 ,the following experiments by  
,,mm4 ,binet and ,fere are given in     
illustration3 ,we give a patient in     
somnambulism the common hallucination of
 a bird poised on her finger4 ,while she
 is caressing the imaginary bird she is 
awakened and a magnet is brought near   
her head4 ,after a few minutes she stops
 short1 raises her eyes and looks about 
in astonishment4 ,the bird which was on 
her finger has disappeared4 ,she looks  
all over the ward and at last finds it1 
for we hear her say1 ',so you thought   
you would leave me1 little bird4' ,after

 a few minutes the bird again disappears
 anew1 but almost immediately reappears4
 ,the patient complains from time to    
time of a pain in the head at a point   
corresponding to what has been described
 in this book as the visual centre 7some
 distance above and slightly posterior  
to the ear74 ,the magnet also has the   
same effect in suspending the real      
perception4 ,one of the patients was    
shown a ,chinese gong and striker1 and  
took fright on sight of the instrument4 
,when a blow was struck she instantly   
fell into catalepsy4 ,she was           
reawakened1 and asked to look           
attentively at the gong2 meanwhile1     
without her knowledge1 a small magnet   
was brought near her head4 ,after a     
minute the instrument had completely    
disappeared from her sight4 ,when it was
 struck with redoubled force1 she only  
looked from side to side with an air of 
slight astonishment4         99       99
       99       99       99  ,the       
mysteries which puzzle these writers are

 made plain by anthropology1 and ,i have
 been presenting the explanation for    
over forty years to my pupils4 ,the     
sensibility to hypnotic phenomena is due
 to the anterior portion of the middle  
lobe of the brain--to the portion which 
is developed one inch behind the        
external angle of the eye1 by exciting  
which we bring on the somnolent         
condition4 ,the predominance of this    
region renders the person liable to the 
mesmeric phenomena4  ,the hypnoscope    
proposed is quite unnecessary4 ,the     
proper test of magnetic susceptibility  
is either to excite the organ of        
somnolence and observe if the eyes are  
disposed to close1 or to pass your      
fingers over the outstretched hand of   
the subject1 within one or two inches1  
and observe if he feels any impression4 
,a distinct feeling of coolness is      
sufficient proof of magnetic            
susceptibility4  ,let those who wish to 
investigate the subject begin in        
accordance with true science by testing 

the sensitiveness of the hand4 ,if      
sensitive1 let the subject sit in a     
passive state1 while you touch the      
somnolent region on the temples1 one    
inch horizontally behind the brow4 ,in  
from one to ten minutes the eyes will   
show a disposition to close1 winking    
repeatedly until a dreamy condition     
arises1 with a tendency to a conscious  
sleep4 ,in this condition the           
susceptibility is extreme4 ,experiments 
in psychometry may be tried with        
success2 the organs of the brain may be 
excited1 and many interesting           
experiments may be made by those who    
understand the brain1 for intellectual  
purposes1 or for the promotion of health
 and cure of diseases4  ,the whole      
subject is thoroughly explained in the  
,college of ,therapeutics1 making       
thereby a perfect guidance to health1   
and to progress in philosophy1 and      
supplying the great lack in all systems 
of education--self-knowledge and the    
sublime art of health1 longevity1 and   

progress in ,divine wisdom4     ,,the   
,,so-,,called ,,scientific              
,,immortality4   ,the ,smithsonian      
,institution at ,washington was founded 
for the increase and diffusion of       
knowledge4 ,guided by the contracted    
notions prevalent among scientists1 it  
has not accomplished much for either    
object4 ,the theory of ,lester ,f4 ,ward
 of this institution was paraphrased as 
follows in the last ,,journal3    ,as   
for immortal life ,i must confess1      
,science has never1 never answered yes4 
,indeed all psycho-physiological        
sciences show1   ,if we'd be loyal1 we  
must answer no6   ,man cannot recollect 
before being born1   ,and hence his     
future life must be in a horn4   ,there 
must be a parte ante if there's a parte 
post1   ,and logic thus demolishes every
 future ghost4   ,upon this subject the 
voice of science   ,has ne'er been aught
 but stern defiance4   ,mythology and   
magic belong to limbus fatuorum2   ,if  
fools believe them1 we scientists       

deplore 'em4   ,but1 nevertheless1 the  
immortal can't be lost1   ,for every    
atom has its bright1 eternal ghost6     
,mr4 ,ward appears to enjoy greatly this
 theory of his own final extinction1 and
 he exclaims with infinite              
self-satisfaction1 this pure and        
ennobling sense of truth he would scorn 
to barter for the selfish and illusory  
hope of an eternity of personal         
existence4 ,this is quite a jolly       
funeral indeed6  ,it is true ,mr4       
,ward's very profound theories          
contradict an immense number of facts   
observed by wiser men than himself1 but 
so much the worse for the facts1--they  
must not embarrass a ,smithsonian       
philosopher when he solves to his own   
satisfaction the vast problem of the    
universe4 ,this ,mr4 ,ward thinks he has
 done4 ,it is quite an ingenious and    
laboriously constructed hypothesis1 but 
like all other attempts to construct a  
grand philosophy without a basis of     
fact1 it is hard to manufacture the     

theory and hard to comprehend it4 ,mr4  
,ward says himself in the ,open ,court  
that even to comprehend his doctrine    
would require the careful reading of    
nearly #bjj pages1 while to see the     
matter in precisely the same light as ,i
 see it would require the reading of the
 entire work of some #adjj pages6       
,really1 ,mr4 ,ward1 the writer who     
cannot sufficiently befuddle himself and
 his readers in fifty pages is not very 
skilful4  ,nevertheless the ,ward theory
 is one of the best that has ever been  
gotten up by the champions of nescience1
 and is worthy of a statement in the    
,journal as quite an improvement on the 
common expression of materialistic      
stolidity4 ,he claims that he does not  
deny immortality1 but he recognizes no  
immortality of man--no human soul4 ,he  
recognizes only the immortality of the  
world1 such as it is1 which nobody      
denies4 ,the future life of man he      
considers nothing but an illusion1      
though there is an immortality of       

intelligence here in successive forms4  
,the doctrine1 is that spirit1          
intelligence1 or consciousness is a part
 of matter--that every atom has its own 
little share1 which practically amounts 
to nothing in its infinite subdivision1 
but when matter comes into organized    
forms the spiritual powers thus         
aggregated and organized become an      
efficient spiritual energy2 and the     
higher the organism the grander the     
power that is developed1 man being the  
most perfect organization evolves the   
grandest spiritual power1 as a superior 
violin evolves finer music than a       
tambourine4 ,but the intelligence and   
will of man are only phenomena1 like the
 music1 and have no existence beyond    
that of the organism that produces them4
 ,this is substantially the theory of   
materialists generally1 and of the old  
school medical colleges which consider  
human life a mere product of human      
tissues in combination--a doctrine      
conclusively refuted in ,therapeutic    

,sarcognomy4  ,the special merit of the 
,ward theory lies in the supposition    
that mind and matter are elements       
everywhere inseparably united1 and that 
human intelligence is developed by the  
aggregation and organization of the mind
 powers that reside in the atoms of     
matter1--an explanation which does not  
often occur to the exponents of         
materialism1--and has the merit of      
ingenuity4 ,the theory would do very    
well if it were not demonstrable that   
life exists only from influx1 and that  
human life and personality survive the  
body1 and become known to every highly  
organized sensitive1 who knows how to   
investigate such matters4  ,the ,ward   
theory demolishes the ,deity with the   
greatest ease1 and places man1 fleeting 
or evanescent as he is1 at the summit of
 the universe6 ,as he expresses it1 ,the
 only intelligence in the universe      
worthy of the name is the intelligence  
of the organized beings which have been 
evolved2 and the highest manifestations 

of the psychic power known to the       
occupants of this planet is that which  
emanates from the human brain4 ,thus    
does science invert the pantheistic     
pyramid4  ,such is the fog that emanates
 from the institution that should help  
the advance and diffusion of knowledge4 
,no ,god6 no soul6 not even the awful   
power that ,spencer blindly             
acknowledges--nothing but matter        
bubbling up and organizing itself into  
temporary forms that decay and are gone 
forever4 ,we may well reciprocate his   
suggestion1 and say that such doctrines 
belong to the limbus fatuorum1 and1 if  
enjoyed as ,mr4 ,ward enjoys them1 they 
may well be called the fool's paradise4 
,i think ,hegel has some similar        
notion--that ,god becomes conscious only
 in man1 unconscious everywhere else6   
,and even so brilliant a writer as ,m4  
,renan says1 ,for myself ,i think that  
there is not in the universe any        
intelligence superior to that of man4   
,in reading such expressions we are     

strongly reminded of the poem on the    
rationalistic chicken1 which would not  
admit that it ever came out of an egg4  
,when the wisdom shown in the universe  
is so immensely beyond the comprehension
 of man1 how can he assume his own to be
 the highest wisdom8  ,to such dreary   
absurdities as this the ,open ,court    
newspaper at ,chicago is devoted1 and it
 has a bevy of well-educated friends and
 supporters--well-educated as the world 
goes1--and graced with literary capacity
 and culture1 but educated into         
blindness and ignorance of the          
scientific phenomena of psychic         
science1--unwilling to investigate or   
incapable of candid investigation4 ,the 
coterie sustaining such a newspaper are 
precisely in the position of the        
contemporaries of ,galileo1 who refused 
to look through his telescope or study  
his demonstrations4  ,it is not from any
 scientific spirit or scientific acumen 
that this materialistic coterie avoid   
psychometric and spiritual facts4 ,the  

newspapers which ignore or sneer at such
 knowledge are easily gulled in matters 
of science4 ,a writer in the ,open      
,court upon the possibilities of the    
future1 which he presents as being      
confined strictly to legitimate         
deductions from present knowledge1      
exhibits an amount and variety of       
ignorant credulity which ought not to   
have gained admission to an intelligent 
journal4 ,he speaks of an unlimited     
freedom of submarine navigation and     
navigation of the air which would not   
have appeared possible to any but the   
most superficial sciolist4 ,he also     
speaks of an electroscope that will     
telegraph rays of light 767 and enable  
us thereby to see our most distant      
friends1 and of stowing in a small      
compass electricity enough to           
exterminate an army4 ,this imaginative  
ignoramus adds1 ,give to our present    
biped acquaintance the ability to       
exterminate armies with a lightning     
flash1 added to the power of sailing at 

will through the air or of passing at   
will and in safety beneath the ocean    
waves1 and he would depopulate the      
earth4 ,the writer gives much more of   
this ,munchausen stuff which is not     
worthy of notice except as an           
illustration of the feeble scientific   
intelligence with which many newspapers 
are edited4 ,the editor of a really     
scientific journal referred to this     
article in the ,open ,court as a proof  
of the danger of a little knowledge4#a  
#a ,the air is certainly yet to be      
navigated when a         sufficient     
amount of power can be concentrated in  
the         machine1 but at present we  
can do little more than float           
with the wind4 ,it is probable that an  
engine sufficiently         strong1     
built of the best steel1 and propelled  
by the         explosive power of gun   
cotton1 or some similar explosive1      
would overcome the difficulty4 ,if ,i   
were to construct such         an engine
 ,i would substitute for the lifting    

power of a         balloon that of a    
sail acting as a kite4     ,,review ,,of
 ,,the ,,new ,,education4  ,,by ,,samuel
 ,,eadon1 ,m4,a41 ,m4,d41 ,,ph4,d41     
,f4,s4,a41 ,,etc4   ,i have read very   
carefully the third edition of the ,new 
,education1 and feel impelled1 in order 
to satisfy my conscientiousness1 to     
write a short article relative to the   
impressions which the reading of the    
book produced in my mind4  ,it is a work
 of extraordinary merit4 ,like ,george  
,combe's ,constitution of ,man1 it is   
highly suggestive2 the fascination of   
the author was such that ,i could not   
help but write4 ,to know its value and  
appreciate its lofty moral outpourings1 
people must buy the book and read for   
themselves4 ,the first thought would be 
that it is the production of an original
 thinker who had the courage to utter   
opinions fearless of results1 however   
antagonistic to the common-herd notions4
  ,in all ages1 the human understanding1
 the reasoning faculties1 have ever been

 considered to hold the supremacy in the
 scale of development1 of culture1 and  
of advance toward a higher form of      
civilization2 the moral faculties were  
thought next in order1 and then the     
propensities common to all animal       
natures held the third or inferior      
position4 ,this view of human nature has
 been handed down from an elder         
antiquity and still retains its hold    
largely in the universities and great   
public schools of the present day4  ,if 
this view of the nature of man be a     
correct one1 there ought to be a vast   
intellectual brotherhood of mankind2 but
 it is not so4 ,from the days of        
,socrates1 ,plato1 and ,aristotle1 this 
culture of the intellectual power has   
been continuously pursued1 but with very
 slender results2 for were this kind of 
education pursued for #ajj1jjj years1   
the morale of society would be little   
better than it is at the present time4  
,dr4 ,buchanan takes quite a different  
view and makes the moral or ethical     

faculties supreme1 in development and   
culture1 the intellect being the        
instruments for acquiring facts and the 
propensities the steam to bring about   
the desired results4 ,according to his  
views of man1 our emotional faculties   
are of a higher or more ,god-like order 
than our intellectual powers4 ,the      
intellect being the hand-maid to the    
emotions1 to feel the force of truth is 
higher in mental excellence than to     
perceive it4 ,depth of emotions is the  
climax of spiritual power4  ,the ethical
 and aesthetic being the foundation of  
the ,new ,education1 ,dr4 ,buchanan1 in 
a series of beautifully written         
chapters1 enters into details in        
reference to what teachers should be1   
what the subjects taught ought to be1   
and what are the shells and what the    
kernels of knowledge4 ,he shows clearly 
that woman will ultimately be the       
regenerator of humanity1 that education 
so far has been merely fractional and   
one-sided--that true development        

consists in the co-education of soul and
 body1 the co-education of man and      
woman1 the co-education of the material 
and spiritual worlds4  ,there are a     
million of teachers1 and every one      
should have a copy of this work4 ,no man
 is fit to teach in the high sense      
advocated by this author unless he has  
thoroughly mastered this work4 ,it is   
easy to pull down a system1 but not so  
easy to build it up2 but in the ,new    
,education the follies of the old       
educational systems are not only        
levelled to the dust1 but a higher and  
more practical1 industrious1 and        
crime-preventing system of training and 
teaching takes its place4 ,this book    
will become the grand educational ,bible
 for teachers in all countries where the
 ,english language is spoken4  ,nor     
should it be in the hands of teachers   
only4 ,every intelligent father and     
mother1 anxious for the development of  
their sons and daughters should study   
this book night and day4 ,it should be  

translated into every ,european         
language1 and also into ,chinese and    
other ,eastern tongues2 the refined1    
aesthetic1 and knowledge-loving people  
of ,japan1 were the work translated into
 their language1 would enjoy it         
intensely4  ,,hambrook ,,court1 near    
,bristol1 ,england4         99       99 
99       99       99  ,a ,japanese      
scholar has already undertaken the      
translation of the ,new ,education in   
,japan4 ,the ,,journal has not room at  
present for the essays of               
correspondents1 and ,i have only given a
 small portion of the essay of the      
learned ,dr4 ,eadon1 who is the most    
progressive member of the medical       
profession in ,england4                 
,,victoria',s ,,half ,,century   ,we are
 nearing the fiftieth anniversary of the
 beginning of ,queen ,victoria's reign4 
,a ,london writer1 reviewing the changes
 which have taken place in the period   
marks these notable points3 ,a strange  
country was ,england in those far-off   

days2 there was but little difference   
between the general state of society    
under ,william and the general state of 
society under ,george ,,ii4 ,if we      
compared the courts of ,george ,,iv4 and
 ,william with the company of a low     
tap-room1 we should not flatter the     
tap-room4 ,broad-blown coarseness1 rank 
debauchery1 reckless prodigality1 were  
seen at their worst in the abode of     
,english monarchs4 ,a decent woman was  
out of place amid the stupid horrors of 
the ,pavilion or of ,windsor2 and we do 
not wonder at the sedulous care which   
the ,queen's guardians employed to keep 
her beyond reach of the prevailing      
corruption4 ,a man like the ,duke of    
,cumberland would not now be permitted  
to show his face in public save in the  
dock2 but in those times his peculiar   
habits were regarded as quite royal and 
quite natural4 ,jockeys1 blacklegs1     
gamblers1 prize-fighters were esteemed  
as the natural companions of princes2   
and when ,england's king drove up to the

 verge of a prize-ring in the company of
 a burly rough who was about to exchange
 buffets with another rough1 the        
proceeding was considered as quite manly
 and orthodox4 ,imagine the ,prince of  
,wales driving in the park with a       
champion boxer6  ,a strange country     
indeed was ,england in those times2 and 
to look through the newspapers and      
memoirs of fifty years ago is an        
amusement at once instructive and       
humiliating4 ,the king dines with the   
premier duke1 makes him drunk1 and has  
him carefully driven round the streets1 
so that the public may see what an      
intoxicated nobleman is like4 ,the same 
king pushes a statesman into a pond1 and
 screams with laughter as the drenched  
victim crawls out4 ,morning after       
morning the chief man of the realm      
visits the boxing-saloon1 and learns to 
batter the faces and ribs of other noble
 gentlemen4 ,we hear of visits paid by  
royalty to an obscure ,holborn tavern1  
where1 after noisy suppers1 the         

fighting-men were wont to roar their    
hurricane choruses and talk with many   
blasphemies of by-gone combats4 ,think  
of that succession of ugly and foul     
sports compared with the peace1 the     
refinement1 the gentle and subdued      
manners of ,victoria's court1 and we see
 how far ,england has travelled since   
#ahcg4  ,fifty years ago our myriads of 
kinsmen across the seas were strangers  
to us1 and the amazing friendship which 
has sprung up between the subjects of   
,victoria and the citizens of the vast  
republic was represented fifty years ago
 by a kind of sheepish1 good-humored    
ignorance1 tempered by jealousy4 ,the   
smart packets left ,london and          
,liverpool to thrash their way across   
the ,atlantic swell1 and they were lucky
 if they managed to complete the voyage 
in a month--,charles ,dickens sailed in 
a vessel which took twenty-two days for 
the trip1 and she was a steamer1 no     
less6 ,for all practical purposes       
,england and ,america are now one       

country4 ,the trifling distance of      
#c1jjj miles across the ,atlantic seems 
hardly worth counting1 according to our 
modern notions2 and the ,american       
gentleman talks quite easily and        
naturally about running over to ,london 
or ,paris to see a series of dramatic   
performances or an exhibition of        
pictures4 ,when ,victoria began to reign
 the ,english people mostly regarded    
,america as a dim region1 and the voyage
 thither was a fearsome understanding4  
,there is something in the catalogue of 
mechanical devices which almost affects 
the mind with fatigue4 ,fifty years ago 
the ordinary citizen picked up his ideas
 of all that was going on in the world  
from a sorely-taxed news-sheet2 and a   
very blurred idea he managed to get at  
the best4 ,poor folk had to do without  
the luxury of the news1 and they were as
 much circumscribed mentally as though  
they had been cattle2 we remember a     
village where even in #aheb the common  
people did not know who the ,duke of    

,wellington was4 ,no such thing as a    
newspaper had been seen there within the
 memory of man2 only one or two of the  
natives had seen a railway engine1 and  
nobody in the whole village row had been
 known to visit a town4 ,but now-a-days 
the villager has his high-class         
news-sheet2 and he is very much         
discontented indeed if he does not see  
the latest intelligence from ,america1  
,india1 ,australia1 ,china--everywhere4 
,an ,american statesman's conversation  
of ,monday afternoon is reported        
accurately in the ,london journals on   
,tuesday morning2 a speech of ,mr4      
,gladstone's delivered at midnight on   
one day is summarized in ,new ,york and 
,san ,francisco the next day2 the result
 of a race run at ,epsom is known in    
,bombay within forty minutes4 ,we use no
 paradox when we say that every man in  
the civilized world now lives next door 
to everybody else2 oceans are merely    
convenient pathways1 howling deserts are
 merely handy places for planting       

telegraph poles and for swinging wires  
along which thoughts travel between     
country and country with the velocity of
 lightning4 ,we see that the world with 
its swarming populations is growing more
 and more like some great organism      
whereof the nerve-centres are subtly1   
delicately connected by sensitive       
nerve-tissues4 ,even now1 using a lady's
 thimble1 two pieces of metal1 and a    
little acid1 we can speak to a friend   
across the ,atlantic gulf1 and before   
ten years are over1 a gentleman in      
,london will doubtless be able to sit in
 his office and hear the actual tones of
 some speaker in ,new ,york4  ,so much  
has the magic half century brought      
about4  ,if we think of the scientific  
knowledge possessed by the most         
intelligent men when the ,queen ascended
 the throne1 we can hardly refrain from 
smiling1 for it seems as though we were 
studying the mental endowment of a race 
of children4 ,the science of electricity
 was in its infancy2 the laws of force  

were misunderstood2 men did not know    
what heat really was4 ,they knew next to
 nothing of the history of the globe1   
and they accounted for the existence of 
varying species of plants and animals by
 means of the most infantine hypotheses4
 ,a complete revolution--vital and      
all-embracing--has altered our modes of 
thought1 so that the man of #ahhg can   
scarcely bring himself to conceive the  
state of mind which contented the man of
 #ahcg4 ,we have dark doubts now1       
perplexing misgivings1 weary            
uncertainties1 painful consciousness of 
limited powers2 but along with these    
weaknesses we have our share of         
certainties4 ,are we happier8 ,nay1 not 
in mind4 ,a quiet melancholy marks the  
words of all the men who have thought   
most deeply and learned most4 ,the wise 
no longer cry out or complain--they     
accept life and fate with calm sadness1 
and perhaps with prayerful resignation4 
,we have learned to know how little we  
can know1 and we see with composure that

 even the miracles already achieved by  
the restless mind of man are as nothing4
         99       99       99       99  
99  ,there is a far better reason than  
this for the sadness of thinking men4   
,it is that1 with all the progress of   
science1 art1 and education1 poverty1   
misery1 disease1 and crime still afflict
 society as they did in ruder ages1 and 
our progress is onward1 but not upward4 
,it is upward progress to which the     
,,journal ,,of ,,man is devoted4  ,in   
the foregoing sketch very little is said
 of the real progress of the age--the   
increase of education1 the uprising of  
the people into greater political power 
and liberty1 the prostration of the     
power of the church1 which is destined  
to disestablishment1 and the uprising of
 spiritual science4  ,what is there in  
the reign of ,victoria to be celebrated8
 ,was there ever a more perfect specimen
 of barely respectable commonplace than 
the reign of ,victoria8 ,what generous  
impulse1 or what notable wisdom has she 

ever shown8 ,what has she done for the  
relief of ,ireland1 for the improvement 
of a society full of pauperism1 crime   
and suffering1 or for the prevention of 
unjust foreign wars8 ,when has she ever 
given even a respectable gift to any    
good object from her enormous income8   
,but virtue is not expected in          
sovereigns2 they are expected only to   
enjoy themselves hugely1 to make an     
ostentatious display1 and consume all   
their benighted subjects give them4     
,mrs4 ,stanton says3--,the two great    
questions now agitating ,great ,britain 
are ',coercion for ,ireland1' and the   
',queen's ,jubilee1' a tragedy and a    
comedy in the same hour4  ,speaking of  
the ,queen's ,jubilee she says3      ,in
 this supreme moment of the nation's    
political crisis1 the     ,queen and her
 suite are junketing around in their    
royal yachts     on the coast of        
,france1 while proposing to celebrate   
her year of     ,jubilee by levying new 
taxes on her people1 in the form of     

penny     and pound contributions to    
build a monument to ,prince ,albert4    
,the year of ,jubilee6 ,while under the 
eyes of the ,queen her ,irish           
subjects are being evicted from their   
holdings at the point of     the        
bayonet2 their cottages burned to the   
ground2 aged and     helpless men and   
women and newborn children1 alike left  
crouching on the highways1 under        
bridges1 hayricks and hedges1           
crowded into poorhouses1 jails and      
prisons1 to expiate their     crimes    
growing out of poverty on the one hand  
and patriotism on     the other4      ,a
 far more fitting way to celebrate the  
year of ,jubilee would     be for the   
,queen to scatter the millions hoarded  
in her private     vaults among her     
needy subjects1 to mitigate1 in some    
measure1     the miseries they have     
endured from generation to generation2  
to     inaugurate some grand improvement
 in her system of education2 to         
extend still further the civil and      

political rights of her     people2 to  
suggest1 perchance1 an ,inviolable      
,homestead ,bill for     ,ireland1 and  
to open the prison doors to her noble   
priests and     patriots4      ,but     
instead of such worthy ambitions in the 
fiftieth year of her     reign1 what    
does the ,queen propose8 ,with her      
knowledge and     consent1 committees of
 ladies are formed in every county1 town
     and village in all the colonies    
under her flag1 to solicit these        
penny and pound contributions1 to be    
placed at her disposal4      ,ladies go 
from house to house1 not only to the    
residences of     the rich1 but to the  
cottages of the poor1 through all the   
marts     of trade1 the fields1 the     
factories1 begging pennies for the      
,queen from servants and day-laborers4  
,these forced collections are not       
entirely for the benefit of the ,queen1 
but are to be appropriated also to a    
vast variety of local objects and       
institutions4     ,,the ,,outlook ,,of  

,,diogenes4   ,the ancient philosopher  
,diogenes1 whom even the presence of    
,alexander could not overawe1 is one of 
the most marked and heroic figures of   
ancient history4 ,it is said ,the       
,athenians admired his contempt for     
comfort1 and allowed him a wide latitude
 of comment and rebuke4 ,practical good 
was the chief aim of his philosophy2 for
 literature and the fine arts he did not
 conceal his disdain4 ,he laughed at men
 of letters for reading the sufferings  
of ,ulysses while neglecting their own2 
at musicians who spent in stringing     
their lyres the time which would have   
been much better employed in making     
their own discordant natures harmonious2
 at savants for gazing at the heavenly  
bodies while sublimely incognizant of   
earthly ones2 at orators who studied how
 to enforce truth1 but not how to       
practice it4 99 99 99 ,when asked what  
business he was proficient in1 he       
answered1 'to command men4'             
,psychometry brings up these ancient    

characters as vividly and truthfully as 
history4 ,such psychometric descriptions
 are a continual miracle4 ,how the      
psychometers1 knowing not of whom they  
are speaking1 guided only by a          
mysterious intuition1 should speak of   
the most ancient characters as          
familiarly and truly as of our          
acquaintances to-day1 will ever stand as
 a psychic miracle1 to illustrate the   
,divine ,wisdom that established such a 
power in man4 ,this is the daily        
experience of ,mrs4 ,buchanan4 ,her     
description of ,diogenes was as follows3
      ,i think this is an ancient4      
,there is something quaint about        
him4 ,he does not seem to follow        
anything or anybody4 ,he lived a        
natural life1 indifferent to current    
teachings4 ,he had peculiar     original
 ideas of his own as to life and its    
purposes1 and seems     to be a man of  
philanthropic nature1 not aesthetic1 but
 very     indifferent as to personal    
appearance and habits1 or as to         

pleasing people1 not at all fastidious4 
,he did not mind people's     opinions  
in the least4 ,they never disturbed him4
      ,he had enough combativeness to   
fight his way through     difficulties4 
,he had great self-reliance1 and did not
 mind     obstacles4 ,if he had to take 
part in disturbances1 he was ready1     
and had tact and tactics4 ,he had a     
peculiar power of governing     men1 and
 a peculiar way of gaining confidence   
and esteem4 ,he did     not show off at 
all1 and was not at all condescending4  
,he had a     great deal of sagacity4   
,he regarded as trifles things people   
considered as momentous4      7,to what 
country did he belong87 ,he was probably
 a ,greek1 but     he did not accord    
with anything of his time4 ,he lived in 
the     future and anticipated great    
changes4 ,he did not agree with any     
contemporary religion1 politics1        
fashions or manners1 but was     very   
sarcastic upon them4 ,he was a          
philosopher1 devoted to the     useful1 

and cared nothing for the ornamental1   
either in     architecture1 fashions or 
anything else4 ,he might not make war   
on the religion as he was not rancorous 
or rebellious1 but he     had different 
ideas in himself1 and was candid in     
expressing     them4 ,he does not give  
much attention to modern times1 but if  
he     were here he would enjoy modern  
improvements and benevolence1     but   
would denounce our fashions and our     
bigotry1 and teach a     primitive style
 of living4  ,let us invoke the strong  
spirit of ,diogenes whose sturdy freedom
 of thought was like that of ,walt      
,whitman1 to cooperate in the review of 
modern life4 ,such men are greatly      
needed to review a corrupt civilization2
 and where is the civilization now1     
where was there ever a civilization that
 was not corrupt8 ,the function of      
,diogenes is not performed either by the
 pulpit or the press4 ,a few special    
journals are terribly severe on special 
evils1 but the reformatory words of the 

press generally are few and far between1
 in comparison to what is needed4 ,the  
,,journal ,,of ,,man does not propose to
 fill the hiatus and make war upon the  
myriad evils of society1 but it must    
speak out1 now and then1 like ,diogenes1
 especially when others neglect their   
duty4  ,what is the condition of our    
legislative bodies8 ,where is there one 
that does not provoke sharp criticism8  
,the ,albany correspondent of the ,n4   
,y4 ,sun1 speaking of the legislative   
adjournment1 says2 ,mr4 ,william ,f4    
,sheehan1 leader of the ,democratic     
minority to the ,assembly1 summed up the
 work of the ,legislature of #ahhg when 
in his address on the floor of the      
,assembly on the day of final           
adjournment1 he said3 ',prayer will     
ascend from thousands of hearts of the  
citizens of this ,state at noon to-day  
for their deliverance from this         
,legislature4 ,it began its session with
 the corrupt election of a ,united      
,states ,senator4 ,it lived in bribery1 

and it dies a farce4' ,no one here      
regrets the adjournment except the      
gamblers and the lobbyists4 ,even the   
lobbyists would be glad for a vacation1 
as their labors in bidding for the      
legislative cattle the last month have  
been most arduous4 ,the people of       
,albany look on the ,legislature as a   
pestilence to which they must yearly    
submit1 and they welcome its departure  
as a farmer does the going of a swarm of
 locusts from his fields4  ,whatever    
else may be said about the ,legislature 
of #ahhg1 no one ever accused it of     
being honest1 and there is no doubt that
 it was industrious4  ,this corrupt     
,legislature passed two very            
discreditable bills which would have    
been made positively infamous if it had 
not been for the active opposition of a 
few friends of liberty4 ,one of these   
bills was designed to add to the        
stringency of the present obstructive   
medical law2 the other was designed to  
assist the labors of ,anthony ,comstock 

in interrupting the circulation of      
popular physiological literature1 under 
pretence of suppressing obscenity4  ,in 
the ,legislature of ,pennsylvania1 the  
law designed to suppress the cultivation
 of spiritual science by severe         
penalties1 was favorably reported by a  
committee but prevented by popular      
indignation from passing4 ,yet the      
people were not sufficiently alert to   
prevent legislation in favor of that    
monopoly the ,standard ,oil ,company1   
which is considered a betrayal of       
justice4  ,in ,illinois a bill was      
passed in the ,senate and came near     
passing in the ,house1 which would have 
abolished all medical freedom and made  
it a crime for any one but a licensed   
doctor to help the sick in any way1 even
 by a prayer4 ,verily the spirit of     
,american liberty does not pervade      
,american communities and ,american     
legislatures4  ,in ,massachusetts the   
,old ,puritanic ,sunday ,laws having    
fallen into innocuous desuetude1 an     

attempt to give them a partial          
enforcement in ,boston compelled a      
little legislative action and the result
 was what might have been expected in a 
,state in which religious opinions are  
allowed to interfere with the           
credibility of a witness1 and in which  
,diogenes1 if he were here1 would be    
struck with the vast inconsistency      
between the creed of ,christendom and   
its practice1 and the vast disparity    
between the progress of modern knowledge
 and the effete system of education in  
our ,universities4 ,he would wonder why 
modern colleges are more interested in  
the details of ,greek life and letters  
than in the beneficent sciences of      
to-day of which the ,greeks knew        
nothing4  ,he would wonder why the      
edicts of the ,pagan emperor1           
,constantine1 concerning the observance 
of ,sunday are observed and enforced as 
a religious duty1 while the ,divine love
 inculcated by ,jesus ,christ1 which    
forbids all strife and war1 is no more  

regarded by ,christian nations than by  
the rulers of ancient ,rome4  ,he would 
look into the schools and universities  
professedly devoted to science and      
literature1 and ask why they have even  
less freedom of discussion and thought  
than the schools of ,athens1 every      
professor being interested to discourage
 the investigation of novelties in      
philosophy instead of being ready to    
welcome original investigation4  ,under 
the new ,sunday law of ,massachusetts1  
,sunday trains and steamboat lines are  
at the mercy of the railroad            
commissioners1 who can stop every one of
 them2 but boating1 yachting1 and       
carriage driving on ,sunday are free to 
all who have the money to pay for them4 
,but while outdoor frolic is            
free-and-easy1 indoor enjoyment is      
prohibited4 ,everybody is liable to five
 dollar fines for attending any sport1  
game1 or play on ,sunday1 unless it has 
been licensed1 and private families     
never ask a license for their own       

amusements4 ,but to be present on       
,sunday at any dancing1 brings a        
liability to a #ej fine for each        
offence6 ,what a terrible thing dancing 
is to be sure1 that looking on should   
cost #ej1 while a frolic in boating and 
yachting is unexceptionably holy1 and   
the fast young men may kick up a dust1  
kill the horses1 and smash the buggies  
with impunity1 or kill themselves by    
rowing in the hot sun1 under whiskey    
stimulus on ,sunday4  ,the laws for     
hotels and restaurants are even more    
absurd4 ,travellers1 strangers and      
lodgers may be freely entertained1 but  
if anybody else 7who is he87 comes into 
the house1 or remains on the grounds    
about it1 on ,sunday1 the landlord can  
be fined as much as #ej at the first    
pop1 #ajj at the second pop1 and at the 
third pop he is to be shut up and       
deprived of his license4 ,somebody else 
must be a terrible fellow on            
,sunday--and he is a dangerous customer 
on ,saturday too1 for if he comes in on 

,saturday evening1 or even lounges on   
the grounds1 it is a fine of five       
dollars for the landlord4 ,but who is   
he8 ,how is the poor landlord1 or       
victualler to discover somebody else1   
who is neither lodger1 stranger1 nor    
traveller4 ,the landlord cannot detect  
him1 but all sheriffs1 grand jurors1 and
 constables are required to hunt for    
him6 ,vive la bagatelle6  ,strictly     
private gambling is safe on ,sunday1 and
 our ,chevaliers d',industrie may ruin a
 dozen families1 and provoke suicide and
 murder1--plate sin with gold and it is 
protected1 and the swindling shyster is 
protected too on ,sunday1 for no civil  
process can be served on that holy day2 
the rogue who is bothered on that day   
can get exemplary damages by this law of
 ,sunday asylum4 ,but the poor keeper of
 a restaurant or of an inn1 is the      
victim for old legislative boys to throw
 stones at4 ,they have provided a       
hundred dollar fine for every innholder 
or victualler who keeps1 or suffers to  

be kept1 on his premises1 any implements
 used in gaming1 or which may be used   
for purposes of amusement1 and does not 
prevent such things from being used on  
,sunday4 ,so if he is not extremely     
vigilant throughout his house and       
grounds1 he may be caught with a hundred
 dollar fine1 ,,or be imprisoned three  
months in the ,house of ,correction at  
the pleasure of the magistrate66 and for
 every subsequent offense may be        
imprisoned in the ,house of ,correction 
as much as one year1 and then required  
to give security for obeying the law4   
,under such a law a malicious young     
hoodlum may contrive to send a landlord 
to jail4  ,to open a shop1 warehouse1 or
 workhouse on ,sunday is a fifty dollar 
offense1 and it is fifty dollars also   
for doing any manner of labor1 business 
or work on ,sunday1 unless the judge    
considers it a matter of necessity or   
charity2 nevertheless1 the making of    
butter and cheese is good ,sunday work1 
if we do not open the doors which would 

bring on a #ej fine4 ,so is the work of 
steam1 gas and electricity1 newspapers1 
telegraphs1 telephones1 druggists1      
milkmen1 7bakers before #aj and after   
#d17 boat houses1 livery stables1 ferry 
boats1 and street cars4 ,but to catch a 
fish or fire a pistol on ,sunday is a   
#aj offense1 and to look on at a game of
 chess is a #ej crime4 ,however1 the law
 does not punish whistling on ,sunday1  
unless the whistler has spectators1 then
 it is a #ej business for all concerned4
 ,to read ,longfellow's ,excelsior on   
,sunday to a parlor of company is a #ej 
crime4 ,reading ,milton's ,paradise     
,lost1 or the ,american ,declaration of 
,independence would also rank as        
criminal business1 being an             
entertainment1 and a party of twenty    
playing a game of croquet may be fined a
 thousand dollars4  ,verily1 if it were 
not for such hypocritical and asinine   
legislation as this1 we might forget the
 history of ,new ,england witchcraft1   
and the hanging of ,quakers in sight of 

the spot where this law was enacted as  
an improvement on a still worse1 but    
practically obsolete statute4  ,such    
,sunday legislation is a fair evidence  
of the absence of true religion1 and the
 predominance of hypocrisy4 ,it is not  
enforced1 and is not expected to be4    
,all the ,sunday legislation in ,new    
,york did not prevent the immense       
,syracuse ,salt ,works from carrying on 
their work day and night4 ,gov4 ,hill   
and the ,n4 ,y4 ,legislature have shown 
their character by increasing the       
penalties of the ,sunday laws1 but they 
have not approached the ,massachusetts  
standard4     ,a ,,bill ,,to ,,destroy  
,,the ,,indians4  ,from the ,boston     
,pilot4   ,the ,puritans of ,new        
,england and the ,cavaliers of ,virginia
 alike treated the ,indians as though   
they had no rights of manhood4 ,the     
,catholics1 ,baptists1 and ,quakers     
treated them kindly and justly4 ,the    
,puritans took ,indian lands without    
permission or compensation4 ,the        

,catholics1 ,baptists and ,quakers      
bought lands from the ,indians in an    
honorable way4  ,the two policies have  
been in conflict for nearly three       
centuries4  ,the ,government has held to
 the policy of buying lands from the    
,indians1 thus recognizing their        
ownership2 but it has not always paid   
the price agreed upon4 ,now1 under the  
lead of ,senator ,dawes ,congress has   
passed a bill which annuls the treaties1
 and overrides all proprietary rights of
 every tribe1 except nine of the most   
civilized4  ,his bill is the ,indian    
,land in ,severalty ,bill4 ,it pretends 
to be in the interest of the ,indians1  
but that pretense is a fraud4 ,it is    
wholly in the interest of railroad      
companies1 land syndicates1 and private 
white settlers4  ,the treaties of #ahfh 
and #ahgf guarantee the ,sioux tribes   
undisturbed possession of their         
reservation in ,dakota4 ,not an acre of 
that land can be taken from them without
 the consent of three-fourths of them4  

,so read the treaties signed by the     
,united ,states ,commissioners and      
confirmed by the ,united ,states        
,senate4  ,the ,dawes ,severalty ,bill  
takes the ,sioux reservation from the   
control of the ,sioux without asking the
 consent of a single ,indian1 surveys it
 as though it was a body of public land1
 and then says to the ,sioux3 ,the      
,government will return a small         
homestead for each of you1 as           
individuals1 and after twenty-five years
 you shall have titles to these small   
tracts1 but the remainder of the        
reservation1 7about four-fifth7 must be 
opened to white settlers4  ,the ,sioux  
protest against this outrage1 and have  
appealed to the ,national ,indian       
,defence ,association at ,washington1   
,d4 ,c41 to protect their rights4 ,this 
association has resolved to test the    
constitutionality of this bill in the   
,supreme ,court of the ,united ,states1 
and asks all friends of justice to      
sustain them in this legal contest4     

,,miscellaneous ,,intelligence4   ,,the 
,,seybert ,,commission has reported     
against the claims of ,spiritualism4    
,their report will not even have the    
effect of the ,french ,academy report   
against animal magnetism1 which checked 
its progress in the medical profession  
but not among the people2 but before the
 century passed1 the medical profession 
has taken up the science in earnest1 and
 re-named it hypnotism4 ,the ,seybert   
report will not even be a temporary     
damper1 for while thousands of          
inquirers1 fully as competent as the    
commission1 and many of them far more   
competent to the investigation1 have    
made themselves familiar with the facts1
 the commission has done nothing but to 
emphasize the fact already familiar     
among the intelligent1 of the prevalence
 of fraud among mediums4                
,notwithstanding the wonderful powers of
 ,slade1 no one acquainted with his     
history would place any reliance on his 
integrity4 ,the more intelligent        

,spiritualists understood such matters1 
and the ,ladies' ,aid 7,spiritualist7   
,society of ,boston1 recently had       
considerable amusement in the exhibition
 in their parlors of the materializing  
and dematerializing wire apparatus used 
by the fraudulent medium1 ,mrs4 ,ross1  
which was said to have been carried in  
her bustle4 ,mrs4 ,ross when prosecuted 
for her frauds was found to be protected
 by the law of coverture which makes the
 husband alone responsible4 ,this is a  
relic of the idea of female             
subordination and obedience which ought 
to be abolished4 ,the progress of       
spiritualism has been marked by as many 
follies as that of any popular movement1
 and the bequest of #fj1jjj1 by ,mr4    
,seybert1 to the old fogies of the      
,pennsylvania ,university was among the 
stupidest of these follies4 ,if a friend
 of ,galileo had made such a bequest to 
the ,catholic church in his time1 to get
 an opinion of the new astronomy1 it    
would have been as sensible a           

proceeding4 ,it will however have one   
good result2 it will erect a permanent  
monument to the ignorance of the        
universities1 a record from which they  
cannot hereafter escape4 ,prof4 ,leidy  
was one of the salaried commissioners   
whose mental status was thus exhibited  
in the last journal3     ,your doctrine 
of life eternal1    ,and everything else
 supernal1    ,might well be pronounced 
an infernal                             
,delusion6   ,,the ,,evils ,,that ,,need
 ,,attention1 mentioned in the ,,journal
 for ,may1 are as rampant as ever4 ,the 
big combination in ,chicago to raise the
 price of wheat by a corner1 utterly    
burst on the #adth of ,june1 leaving a  
few ruined speculators4 ,the ,chicago   
,news says3 ,what is called buying and  
selling futures in grain1 is no more    
buying and selling in the innocent and  
proper interpretation of the words than 
the wagering on horse races is buying   
and selling horses4 ,it is a species of 
gambling as pernicious to public morals 

as it is contrary to public policy4 ,the
 ,chicago ,herald says1 ,no one is in   
love with a cornerer who corners4       
,nobody wastes any pity on a cornerer   
who gets cornered himself4 ,such crimes 
in a petty way may be punished1 but we  
need law for the millionaire gamblers   
who not only rob each other1 but fleece 
the entire nation at the same time4     
,,condensed ,,items4--,mesmerism1 in    
,paris4 ,m4 ,g4 de ,torcy has introduced
 a mesmerized woman into the lion's     
cage1 where she unconsciously puts her  
head in the lion's mouth3 then1 in a    
state of cataleptic rigidity1 head and  
feet resting on two stools1 the lion is 
made to jump over the rigid body1 then  
with paws resting on her body1 to pull a
 string by his teeth and thus fire a    
pistol4 ,of course this draws           
enthusiastic audiences4 ,medical        
,freedom4 ,the attempts at restrictive  
medical legislation have been defeated  
in ,rhode ,island1 ,connecticut1 and    
,maine4 ,in ,maine1 the bill had passed 

the ,legislature and was approved by    
,gov4 ,bodwell1 but upon                
re-consideration he vetoed it and the   
,senate then rejected it4 ,the          
,allopathic ,state ,society is quite    
indignant and calls it atrocious that   
they cannot enforce a law which the     
,senate and governor rejected4 ,mrs4    
,post in ,iowa has been acquitted and   
will not be punished at all for the     
awful crime of healing a patient by     
prayer6 ,the acquittal appears to be on 
the ground of the unconstitutionally of 
the law4 ,the ,victoria ,jubilee in     
,faneuil ,hall1 ,boston1 called out an  
immense indignation meeting1 and many   
eloquent protests4 ,but for the energy  
of the police a riot might have occurred
 at the time of the festival4           
,delightful ,homes4 ,asheville1 ,n4 ,c41
 #bcci feet above tide water1 has a     
delightful climate1 especially for      
pulmonary invalids4 ,northern ,georgia  
is an elevated region of remarkable     
general health1 and freedom from        

malarious and consumptive diseases4     
,california has still more delightful   
homes of health and beauty4 ,colorado   
has twelve towns over #e1jjj feet above 
the sea1 and ten over #aj1jjj4          
,,chapter ,,iv4--,,cranioscopy4         
,the ,study of the ,comparative         
,development of the ,brain through      
the ,cranium--,importance of            
,cranioscopy--,first ,step--,facial     
organs--,miller1 ,pestalozzi1 ,danton1  
,mirabeau--,caricatures--,upper     and 
lower parts of face--,female            
faces--,mode of comparing               
organs--,mode of manipulation--,bony    
irregularities--,profile     comparison 
of height and depth--,vacca ,pechassee  
and ,lewis--,old                        
errors--,difficulties in                
estimation--,morbid                     
conditions--,criminals--,napoleon--,negr
o murderer4   ,illustration3 ,,hugh     
,,miller4  ,illustration3 ,,pestalozzi4 
,illustration3 ,,danton4  ,illustration3
 ,,mirabeau4   ,the reader now          

understands the conformation of the     
brain1 and the general character of its 
different regions4 ,it is important that
 he should as soon as possible begin the
 study of heads1 and learn to judge     
correctly their development4 ,when he   
can do this1 he has an inexhaustible    
source of knowledge continually with    
him1 and every new acquaintance becomes 
an interesting study in ascertaining the
 indications of his head and comparing  
them with his daily conduct and manners4
 ,the more thorough and careful the     
study1 the greater the satisfaction and 
delight that it yields4 ,the good       
cranioscopist continually grows in      
knowledge1 and solves all the problems  
of character presented in society4 ,but 
he who simply studies the elements of   
character or organic faculties1 and does
 not become acquainted with the organs  
and their measurement1 soon finds his   
knowledge too abstract and remote from  
his daily life2 and1 instead of         
increasing his stock of knowledge on    

this subject1 he continually loses more 
and more of what he has gained4 ,it was 
for this reason1 mainly1 that the       
medical profession gradually dropped the
 discoveries of ,gall1 which would never
 have ceased to interest them if they   
had learned to apply them to the study  
of men and animals4  ,i hope that no    
reader will neglect this chapter1 or    
fail to reduce its instructions to      
practice1 for on that it depends whether
 he shall become a practical master of  
cerebral science1 and be able to read   
every character with which he meets4    
,the first step in studying a head is to
 observe its general contour1--whether  
the forehead projects far in front of   
the ear1 to indicate intellect2 whether 
the upper surface rises above the       
forehead sufficiently to indicate the   
nobler qualities1 and whether it is     
balanced or overpowered by the breadth  
and depth of the base of the skull and  
thickness of the neck4 ,in connection   
with this1 we may observe that the base 

of the brain is also expressed in the   
lower part of the face which corresponds
 to the organs for the expression of    
animal force1 while the upper part of   
the face is devoted to the expression of
 the upper and anterior parts of the    
brain4 ,the expressional faculties shown
 in the face do not always coincide     
exactly with the real power of the      
organs thus expressed2 but if they do   
not1 they at least indicate their       
activity and habitual display2 for      
faculties habitually indulged will show 
their organic indications in the face1  
while those which are suppressed or     
restrained will be less conspicuous in  
the face4  ,the reader will understand  
that organs located for observation on  
the face are organs of the brain lying  
behind the face1 which may be reached   
and stimulated through it1 as other     
organs are reached and stimulated       
through the cranium and integuments4    
,the contour of the face cannot reveal  
the organs behind it by physical        

necessity1 as does the contour of the   
skull1 yet observation induces me to    
rely upon estimates based on facial     
development4 ,i think there is a        
correspondence of development between   
the brain and face1 based upon vital    
laws1 and also a direct influence of    
each organ upon the surface that covers 
it1 so that when the organ is excited   
the surface becomes flushed1 and when it
 is kept inactive the surface becomes   
pale and withered4 ,this may be most    
readily observed at the organ of ,love  
of ,stimulus1 immediately in front of   
the cavity of the ear4 ,the surface     
presents a shrunken appearance after    
many years of rigid abstinence1 but     
becomes plump1 bloated1 or high-colored1
 in those whose habits are intemperate4 
,i have also observed an itching        
sensation at the surface when the organs
 behind it were active4 ,any one may    
observe a warmth and fulness in the     
upper part of the face when the social  
sentiments are very active4 ,in the act 

of blushing1 the flush comes upon the   
part of the face associated with modest 
and refined sentiments1 the centre of   
which is below the external angle of the
 eye1 at the lower margin of the        
cheek-bone4  ,the contrasting           
development of the upper and lower parts
 of the face may be seen when we compare
 such characters as the enthusiastic    
philanthropist and educational reformer1
 ,pestalozzi1 and the high-principled   
and intellectual ,hugh ,miller1 the     
,scotch geologist1 with such as ,danton1
 the terrible demagogue of the ,french  
revolution1 and ,mirabeau1 the brilliant
 but unprincipled orator4  ,no skilful  
artist in caricature fails to observe   
these principles4 ,when he would degrade
 a character1 he magnifies the lower    
part of the face2 and when he would     
represent a more refined character1 the 
lower part of the face becomes          
correspondingly delicate4  ,when ,puck  
would represent1 a miserable wretch1 he 
presents such a head as the following2  

and when a ,new ,york journalist desired
 to caricature an opponent as a saloon  
politician1 he diminished the upper and 
developed the lower part of the head1 as
 presented here4  ,illustration3        
,,wretch4  ,illustration3 ,,saloon      
,,politician4  ,all observers of        
countenance and character unconsciously 
act upon these principles and recognize 
a great difference in the expressions of
 two faces1--one predominant in the     
lower and the other in the upper portion
 of the face4 ,that there was any       
scientific basis for this was entirely  
unknown before my discoveries of the    
organs behind the face1 which modify its
 development and expression4 ,my        
lectures upon this subject in #ahdb were
 attended by the physiognomical writer1 
,redfield1 who derived from them many   
important suggestions4  ,when the lower 
part of the face is massive1 broad1 and 
prominent1 while the basilar region is  
broad and deep1 with a stout neck1 we   
know the great force and activity of the

 animal nature1 and unless the upper    
surface of the brain is well developed  
all over1 we may expect some excess in  
the way of violence1 temper1            
selfishness1 perversity1 sensuality1    
dishonesty1 avarice1 rudeness of        
manners1 moral insensibility1 slander1  
contentiousness1 jealousy1 envy1        
revenge1 or some other form of          
wickedness1 according to the especial   
conformation4  ,in the faces of women1  
we find the activity of the amiable     
sentiments marked by the fulness and    
roseate color of the upper part of the  
face1 while the lower portion is more   
delicate than in the masculine face4    
,but although the facial developments   
generally correspond with the activity  
of the organs expressed1 the rule is not
 invariable1 as the reader will learn   
hereafter that the facial developments  
may be moderate when the character is   
not excitable or demonstrative4  ,if the
 upper surface of the head is           
sufficiently high1 we know that great   

capacity for virtue exists1 capable of  
restraining evil inclinations1 and      
producing admirable traits of character1
 according to the organs especially     
developed4  ,when we study the special  
organs we determine the special virtues 
or vices4 ,for example1 a head may have 
a good general development upward1      
giving many very pleasing traits of     
character1 and yet be so deficient in   
the region of conscientiousness 7while  
the selfish group that gives breadth at 
the ears is large7 as to produce great  
moral unsoundness and a treacherous     
violation of obligations or disregard of
 principle4  ,the most delicate task in 
craniological study1 and the most       
important1 is the balancing of opposite 
tendencies belonging to antagonistic    
organs2 and it was for the want of the  
knowledge of antagonisms that the       
,gallian system so often failed in      
describing character and its            
representatives before the public have  
made the most disastrous blunders4      

,shrewd and honest observers discovered 
the imperfections of the science4#b     
#b ,a letter just received from         
,australia states that the              
writer had for many years been a student
 of phrenology1 and         had         
ascertained from examining hundreds of  
crania that         phrenology stood on 
a basis of fact1 but was wrong as well  
as deficient in some of its details4    
,but though ,i could         point to   
several parts of the skull where the    
readings of         professionals as    
well as myself were always unreliable1  
,i         could not discover the real  
function of the organs in these         
places4  ,while the eye readily gives us
 the contour of heads that have not much
 hair1 there is but little accurate     
judgment without the use of the hand1   
which is the first thing to be learned4 
,not the tips of the fingers1 but the   
whole hand should be laid upon the head 
gently1 to cover as much surface as     
possible1 while with a gentle pressure  

we cause the scalp to move slightly1 and
 thus feel through it the exact form of 
the cranium as correctly as if the bones
 were exposed to view4 ,if in this      
examination we find any sharp           
prominences1 which might be called      
bumps1 we attribute them to the growth  
of bone1 which does not indicate the    
growth of the brain4 ,the latter is     
indicated only by the general contour4  
,a little anatomical knowledge will     
prevent us from being deceived1 and     
enable us to make due allowances4 ,there
 are no great difficulties in making a  
correct estimate1 and the anatomists who
 have taught their pupils that correct  
cranial observations could not be made1 
only showed their own ignorance of the  
subject4 ,we must consider the cranium  
as though all osseous protuberances had 
been shaved off1 leaving the smooth1    
curving contour of the skull4 ,the      
principal projection to be removed is   
the superciliary ridge corresponding to 
the brow at the base of the forehead4   

,it is formed by the projection of the  
external plate of the skull1 leaving a  
separation or cavity between it and the 
inner plate1 which cavity is called the 
frontal sinus1 and is sometimes half an 
inch wide4 ,as there is no positive     
method of determining its dimensions in 
the living head1 there must ever be some
 doubt concerning the development of the
 perceptive organs which it covers4 ,the
 superciliary ridge at the external     
angle of the brow extends really as much
 as three-quarters of an inch from the  
brain4 ,from this angle a ridge of bone 
7the temporal arch7 extends upward and  
backward1 separating the lateral surface
 of the head from the frontal and upper 
surfaces4 ,this ridge is a convenient   
landmark1 but must be excluded from an  
estimate of development as it is merely 
osseous4 ,it extends back on the head a 
little behind its middle4 ,the sagittal 
suture on the median line of the upper  
surface usually presents a slight1 bony 
elevation or ridge 7see the engraving of

 the skull1 ,chapter ,,iii471 and the   
lambdoid suture on the back of the head 
is frequently rough4 ,a superficial     
practical phrenologist 7of great        
pretensions7 at ,cincinnati1 in         
examining the head of a gentleman of    
mild character1 found the lambdoid      
suture quite rough1 and gave him a      
terrifically pugnacious character1 not  
knowing enough to distinguish between   
osseous and cerebral development4 ,the  
occipital knob on the median line       
between the cerebrum and cerebellum1 has
 been already mentioned4 ,the mastoid   
process1 the bony prominence behind the 
ear is a projection exterior to the     
cerebellum4 ,where it starts from the   
cranium above and behind the cavity of  
the ear1 we may judge of basilar        
development by the breadth of the head1 
but the basilar depth which is more     
important is to be judged by the        
extension downward1 which was           
illustrated in the last chapter by      
comparing the skulls of ,j4 ,r4 ,smith  

and the slave-trading count4  ,to judge 
the comparative strength of the higher  
and lower elements of character1 we look
 for the height above the forehead and  
the depth at and behind the ear1 which  
is ascertained by placing the hand on   
the base of the cranium behind the ears1
 while the height of the head is best   
appreciated by placing a hand on the top
 with the fingers reaching down to the  
brow4  ,in a profile view the human head
 may be divided into three equal parts1 
the length of the nose being the central
 part1 from the nose to the end of the  
chin another1 and the remainder above   
the nose the third part4 ,in inferior   
heads these three measurements are      
equal1 the upper third extending to the 
top of the head2 but in heads of        
superior character the upper third      
extends only to the top of the forehead1
 and the outline of the head rises a    
half breadth above the forehead1 as the 
following profiles show4 ,in heads of   
the lowest character the basilar depth  

exceeds the height1 as in the ,french   
,count and the ,indian ,lewis4  ,the    
contour of a well-developed head forms a
 semicircle above the base line through 
the brow1 and its elevation above that  
line is equal to one half of the        
antero-posterior length of the head1    
while in the inferior class of heads the
 elevation is but four-tenths of the    
length or even less1 and is hardly equal
 to the depth1 while in the highest     
class the elevation is one-half greater 
than the depth or even more4 ,we obtain 
another view of the comparative height  
and depth by drawing lines from the brow
 to the vertex and the base of the brain
 and comparing the two angles thus      
formed4 ,in the good head we observe the
 great superiority of the upper angle   
over that formed by the line to the ear1
 the lower end of which corresponds to  
the lowest part of the brain1 the base  
of the cerebellum4  ,illustration  ,to  
take an illustration from nature1 ,i    
would present the outlines of two       

,indian crania that ,i obtained in      
,florida1--,vacca ,pechassee1 or the cow
 chief1 who headed a small tribe1 and   
bore a good character among the whites1 
and ,lewis1 an ,indian of bad character 
in the same neighborhood 7on the        
,appalachicola ,river71 who was shot for
 his crimes4 7,i might have obtained    
many more1 but as the ,seminole war was 
not then over1 ,i found that my own     
cranium was placed in considerable      
danger by my explorations47             
,illustration3 ,,vacca ,,pechassee      
,illustration3 ,,lewis  ,in ,vacca      
,pechassee the height is to the depth as
 #aa to #i2 in ,lewis as #i to #aa4 ,in 
,j4 ,r4 ,smith the height is to the     
depth as #ab to #aj2 in the slave       
trading count as #i to #ad4 ,this is the
 correct method of cranial study1 for   
comparing the moral and animal nature4  
,the basilar depth was entirely         
overlooked in the old method of         
phrenologists1 and hence they were very 
often mistaken in judging the basilar   

energy by breadth alone1 of which there 
has been no more striking example than  
that of the ,thugs of ,india1 whose     
heads 7though a tribe of murderers7 were
 below the ,european average in basilar 
breadth4 ,these facts are so conspicuous
 to any careful observer that ,i became 
very familiar with them in the first six
 months of my study of heads fifty-two  
years ago4  ,when the circulation of the
 brain is vigorous and regular1 all     
portions being in regular activity1 the 
fulness of the circulation being shown  
in the face1 we may be sure that the    
character is fairly indicated by the    
cranium4 ,the younger the individual the
 thinner the cranium1 and the less the  
liability to deception by the thickness 
of the bones4 ,female skulls are        
generally more delicate than male1 and  
also more normal or uniform in their    
circulation4 ,hence there is less       
difficulty in making an accurate        
estimate of women and of youth4 ,the    
greater difficulty is found in men of   

thick skulls and abnormal brains1 and   
these difficulties are in some cases    
insurmountable by mere measurement4 ,it 
will become necessary in the depraved   
classes to look at the condition of the 
circulation about the head1 and the     
facial indications of the organs that   
have been cultivated4 ,if these are not 
sufficient to guide us we must fall back
 upon psychometry4  ,the morbid         
condition of the brain is a conspicuous 
fact1 which we must not ignore1 and it  
is important to learn how to detect it  
in the appearance of the individual1 or 
in his psychometric indications and     
,pathognomy1 which is itself a profound 
science and important guide to          
character4 7,pathognomy is the science  
of expression1 and has an exact         
mathematical basis47  ,we should bear in
 mind that it is just as possible to    
have impaired and unhealthy conditions  
in any part of the brain as to have them
 in the stomach1 liver1 lungs1 or spinal
 cord4 ,physical diseases are contagious

 and so are moral4 ,it is generally     
impossible to preserve the moral organs 
and faculties of a youth in healthy     
condition who is allowed to associate   
habitually with the depraved2 and it is 
very difficult indeed for the mature    
adult to preserve his brain and mind in 
sound condition when compelled to       
associate with the depraved4 ,to those  
who are very impressible1 the contagion 
of vice1 bad temper1 profanity1         
turbulence1 lying1 obscenity1           
sullenness1 melancholy1 etc41 is as     
inevitable as the contagion of small    
pox4  ,our criminals are generally      
exposed to the contagion of crime in    
youth1 and as they advance they are     
immersed in this contagion in prisons1  
which are the moral pest-houses in which
 law maintains the intense contagion of 
criminal depravity4 ,napoleon was an    
admirable subject for such              
contamination1 and when we learn how he 
was reared amid the lawlessness and     
general scoundrelism of ,corsica1 we do 

not wonder that he became an imperial   
brigand4 ,the low ethical standard of   
mankind1 generally1 and especially of   
historians1 has heretofore prevented a  
just estimate of the character of       
,napoleon4 ,royal criminals have escaped
 condemnation2 but the recent review of 
,napoleon's career by ,taine gives a    
just philosophic estimate of the man1   
which coincides with the impartial      
estimation of psychometry4              
,,business ,,department4   ,the         
establishment of a new ,journal is a    
hazardous and expensive undertaking4    
,every reader of this volume receives   
what has cost more than he pays for it1 
and in addition receives the product of 
months of editorial1 and many years of  
scientific1 labor4 ,may ,i not therefore
 ask his aid in relieving me of this    
burden by increasing the circulation of 
the ,journal among his friends8  ,the   
establishment of the ,journal was a     
duty4 ,there was no other way           
effectively to reach the people with its

 new sphere of knowledge4 ,buckle has   
well said in his ,history of            
,civilization1 that ,no great political 
improvement1 no great reform1 either    
legislative or executive1 has ever been 
originated in any country by its ruling 
class4 ,the first suggestors of such    
steps have invariably been bold and able
 thinkers1 who discern the abuse1       
denounce it1 and point out the remedy4  
,this is equally true in science1       
philanthropy1 and religion4 ,when the   
advance of knowledge and enlightenment  
of conscience render reform or          
revolution necessary1 the ruling powers 
of college1 church1 government1 capital1
 and the press1 present a solid combined
 resistance which the teachers of novel 
truth cannot overcome without an appeal 
to the people4 ,the grandly             
revolutionary science of ,anthropology1 
which offers in one department          
7,psychometry7 the dawn of a new        
civilization1 and in other departments  
an entire revolution in social1 ethical1

 educational1 and medical philosophy1   
has experienced the same fate as all    
other great scientific and philanthropic
 innovations1 in being compelled to     
sustain itself against the mountain mass
 of established error by the power of   
truth alone4 ,the investigator whose    
life is devoted to the evolution of the 
truth cannot become its propagandist4 ,a
 whole century would be necessary to the
 full development of these sciences to  
which ,i can give but a portion of one  
life4 ,upon those to whom these truths  
are given1 who can intuitively perceive 
their value1 rests the task of          
sustaining and diffusing the truth4     
,mrs4 ,croly of ,new ,york remarked in  
her address to the ,women's ,press      
,association of ,boston4 ,the general   
public resents the advocacy of a cause  
and resists any attempt to commit it to 
special ideas4 ,a paper that starts to  
represent a cause must be maintained by 
individual effort1 and often at great   
sacrifice4  ,the circulation of the     

,journal is necessarily limited to the  
sphere of liberal minds and advanced    
thinkers1 but among these it has had a  
more warm and enthusiastic reception    
than was ever before given to any       
periodical4 ,there must be in the       
,united ,states twenty or thirty        
thousand of the class who would warmly  
appreciate the ,journal1 but they are   
scattered so widely it will be years    
before half of them can be reached      
without the active co-operation of my   
readers1 which ,i most earnestly        
request4  ,prospectuses and specimen    
numbers will be furnished to those who  
will use them1 and those who have       
liberal friends not in their own        
vicinity may confer a favor by sending  
their names that a prospectus or        
specimen may be sent them4 ,a liberal   
commission will be allowed to those who 
canvass for subscribers4   ,enlargement 
of the ,journal4  ,the requests of      
readers for the enlargement of the      
,journal are already coming in4 ,it is a

 great disappointment to the editor to  
be compelled each month to exclude so   
much of interesting matter1 important to
 human welfare1 which would be          
gratifying to its readers4 ,the second  
volume therefore will be enlarged to #fd
 pages at #b per annum4   ,,college ,,of
 ,,therapeutics4  ,an interesting       
session closed on the #ajth of ,june4   
,students attending a second course     
think they profited as much as by the   
first4 ,the class adopted a strong      
expression of their high appreciation of
 the instruction received1 and the      
importance of the new sciences4         
,everything was harmonious1 intelligent1
 and successful4 ,fine psychometric     
powers were developed in four-fifths of 
the students4 ,a fuller report will     
appear in the next ,,journal4 ,the next 
course 7the ninth7 will begin the first 
week of ,november next4   ,,unlike ,,any
 ,,other ,,paper4  ,the ,spectator1     
unlike other home papers1 seeks 7#a7 to 
acquaint every family with simple and   

efficient treatment for the various     
common diseases1 to1 in a word1 educate 
the people so they can avoid disease and
 cure sickness1 thus saving enormous    
doctors' bills1 and many precious lives4
 7#b7 ,to elevate and cultivate the     
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and developing the noblest attributes of
 manhood4 7#c7 ,to give instructive and 
entertaining food to literary taste1    
thus developing the mind4 7#d7 ,to give 
just such hints to housekeepers that    
they need to tell how to prepare        
delicious dishes1 to beautify homes1 and
 to make the fireside the most          
attractive spot in the world4  ,write   
for terms for agents1 and go to work4   
,we give liberal commission to those who
 will canvas for the ,spectator1 and the
 paper so commends itself to the people 
it is not difficult to secure           
subscribers4  ,the young ladies among   
our subscribers will take much delight  
in the clear and practical article on   
how to secure and retain beauty4 ,the   

formulas are the best1 and instead of   
being injurious are beneficial1 in cases
 where they are indicated4 ,we feel sure
 the article will be highly prized1 and 
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,it has already saved us having to call 
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 ,spectator4   ,,sunday ,,legislation4  
,at the annual meeting of the ,free     
,religious ,association in ,boston1     
,judge ,putnam showed1 in a speech which

 called out much laughter and applause1 
that the ,sunday law is not enforced1   
for it does not really make our behavior
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for chloroform1 ether1 nitrous oxide    
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inhale this vapor with impunity4 ,it    
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,physicians1 surgeons1 dentists and     
private families supplied with this     
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,,marie ,,howland                       
,,and                   ,,editors4      
,,edward ,,howland1                     
,f4 ,l4 ,browne and ,t4 ,m4 ,burger1    
,printers4  ,this paper is especially   
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,,jefferson 444 ,,wisconsin4         99 
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,religio-,philosophical ,journal4       
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,,large ,,eight-,,page1 ,,weekly        
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,address1                    ,,spiritual
 ,,offering1 ,ottumwa1 ,iowa         99 
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,transcriber's ,note3 ,the ,table of    
,contents came from the first     issue 
of the volume4