,transcrib]'s ,note ,! punctuation & spell+ f ! orig9al text h be5 fai?fully pres]v$4 ,only obvi\s typographical errors h be5 correct$4 ,! photograph ,! ,ra9b[ ,natural ,bridge1 ,utah1 fac+ page #h1 is miss+ f ! s\rce docum5t ev5 ?\gh pres5t$ 9 ! ,li/ ( ,illu/rations4 ,illu/ration3 ,map ,illu/ration3 ,map ,,! ,,book ,,( ,,! ,,national ,,p>ks ,illu/ration3 ,f ! pa9t+ by ,*ris ,jorg5son ,,zoroa/] ,,f ,,! ,,dep?s ,,( ,,! ,,gr& ,,canyon ,nature's greate/ example ( /ream erosion ,,! ,,book ,,( ,,! ,,national ,,p>ks ,,by ,,rob]t ,,/]l+ ,,y>d ,,*ief1 ,,educational ,,division1 ,,national ,,p>k ,,s]vice1 ,,dep>tm5t ,,( ,,! ,,int]ior ,,au?or ,,( ,,! ,,national ,,p>ks ,,portfolio ,,! ,,top ,,( ,,! ,,cont95t1 ,,etc4 ,,) ,,maps ,,& ,,illu/rations ,,new ,,york ,,*>les ,,scribn]',s ,,sons #aiai ,,preface ,9 (f]+ ! ,am]ican public a c>efully /udi$ outl9e ( its national p>k sy/em1 ,i h two pr9cipal objects4 ,! "o is to describe & diff]5tiate ! national p>ks 9 a mann] :i* w enable ! read] to appreciate _! importance1 scope1 mean+1 beauty1 manifold uses & enorm\s value to individual & nation4 ,! o!r is to use ^! p>ks1 9 :i* ,nature is writ+ 9 l>ge pla9 l9es ! /ory ( ,am]ica's mak+1 z examples illu/rat+ ! sev]al k9ds ( sc5]y1 & :at ea* k9d means 9 t]ms ( _w build+2 9 o!r words1 to translate ! practical f9d+s ( sci5ce into unsci5tific phrase = ! read]'s increas$ pr(it & pleasure1 n only 9 8 national p>ks b 9 all o!r sc5ic places great & small4 ,at ! outset ,i h be5 confront$ ) a difficulty because ( ?is d\ble objective4 ,! role ( ! int]pret] is n always welcome4 ,if ,i write :at is vaguely kn[n z a popul> book1 wise m5 h w>n$ me t any sci5tific intrusion1 h[ev] lightly & dramatically r5d]$1 w displease its natural audi5ce4 ,if ,i write ! simple/ ( sci5tific books1 ,i am w>n$ t a l>ge body ( w>m-blood$1 :olesome1 en?usia/ic ,am]icans1 ! v ones above all o!rs ^: ke5 enjoym5t ,i want to d\ble by d\bl+ _! s\rces ( pleasure1 w h none ( x4 ,! sugge/ion t ,i make my text popul> & c>ry my sci5ce 9 an app5dix ,i promptly reject$1 = if ,i _c give ! sci5tific aspects ( nature _! readable values 9 ! text1 ,i _c make !m wor? an app5dix4 ,n[ ,i fail to %>e ) my advis]s _! poor op9ion ( ! ta/e1 ent]prise1 & intellig5ce ( ! wide-awake ,am]ican1 b1 = ! sake ( my message1 ,i yield 9 "s "p to _! w>n+s4 ,!re=e ,i h s pres5t$ my mat]ial t ! miscall$1 &1 ,i v]ily believe1 badly sl&]$ av]age read]1 may h 8 popul> book by omitt+ ! note on ! ,appreciation ( ,sc5]y1 & ! sev]al notes explanatory ( sc5]y :i* are int]polat$ betwe5 gr\ps ( *apt]s4 ,if x is true1 z ,i h be5 told1 t ! av]age read] w\ld omit ^! anyway1 because x is 8 habit to omit prefaces & notes ( e k9d1 !n no?+ has be5 lo/4 ,! ke5 inquir+ read]1 h[ev]1 ! read] :o wants to "k values & to get1 9 ! eloqu5t phrase ( ! day1 all t's com+ to him1 w h ! :ole /ory by beg9n+ ! book ) ! note on ! ,appreciation ( ,sc5]y1 & read+ x consecutively1 int]polat$ notes & all4 ,z ?is w involve less ?an a score ( additional pages1 ,i hope to get ! message ( ! national p>ks 9 t]ms ( _! fulle/ enjoym5t be=e mu* ! great] "p ( ! book's read]s4 ,! pleasure ( writ+ ?is book has _m times repaid its co/ 9 labor1 & any helpfulness x may h 9 advanc+ ! popul>ity ( our national p>ks1 9 build+ up ! sy/em's wor? z a national economic asset1 & 9 increas+ ! p's pleasure 9 all sc5]y by help+ !m to appreciate _! greate/ sc5]y1 w come to me z pure pr(it4 ,x is my e>ne/ hope t ?is pr(it may be l>ge4 ,a simil> _s has actuat$ ! v _m :o h help$ me acquire ! k & exp]i5ce to produce x2 ! (ficials ( ! ,national ,p>k ,s]vice1 ! sup]9t5d5ts & sev]al rang]s 9 ! national p>ks1 c]ta9 zoologi/s ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,biological ,survey1 ! ,director & _m geologi/s ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,geological ,survey1 sci5tific exp]ts ( ! ,smi?sonian ,in/itution1 & pr(essors 9 sev]al di/+ui%$ univ]sities4 ,_m m5 h be5 pati5t & untir+ 9 assi/ance & helpful criticism1 & to ^! ,i r5d] w>m ?anks = myself & = read]s :o may b5efit by _! "w4 ,,cont5ts ,,page ,,preface vii ,,! ,,book ,,( ,,! ,,national ,,p>ks ,,on ,,! ,,appreciation ,,( ,,sc5]y #c ,i4 ,,! ,,national ,,p>ks ,,( ,,! ,,unit$ ,,/ates #ag ,,! ,,granite ,,national ,,p>ks ,,granite',s ,,"p ,,9 ,,sc5]y #cc ,,ii4 ,,yosemite1 ,,! ,,incomp>able #cf ,,iii4 ,,! ,,propos$ ,,roosevelt ,,national ,,p>k #fi ,,iv4 ,,! ,,he>t ,,( ,,! ,,rockies #ic ,v4 ,,mck9ley1 ,,giant ,,( ,,giants #aah ,,vi4 ,,lafayette ,,& ,,! ,,ea/ #acb ,,! ,,volcanic ,,national ,,p>ks ,,on ,,! ,,volcano ,,9 ,,sc5]y #ade ,,vii4 ,,lass5 ,,peak ,,& ,,m\nt ,,katmai #adh ,,viii4 ,,m\nt ,,ra9i]1 ,,icy ,,octopus #aei ,,ix4 ,,crat] ,,lake',s ,,b[l ,,( ,,indigo #ahd ,x4 ,,yell[/one1 ,a ,,volcanic ,,int]lude #bjb ,,xi4 ,,?ree ,,mon/]s ,,( ,,hawaii #bbi ,,! ,,s$im5t>y ,,national ,,p>ks ,,xii4 ,,on ,,s$im5t>y ,,rock ,,9 ,,sc5]y #bdg ,,xiii4 ,,glaci]$ ,,peaks ,,& ,,pa9t$ ,,%ales #bea ,,xiv4 ,,rock ,,records ,,( ,a ,,vani%$ ,,race #bhd ,,xv4 ,,! ,,heal+ ,,wat]s #cje ,,! ,,gr& ,,canyon ,,& ,,our ,,national ,,monum5ts ,,on ,,! ,,sc5]y ,,( ,,! ,,s\?we/ #cba ,,xvi4 ,a ,,pageant ,,( ,,creation #cbh ,,xvii4 ,,! ,,ra9b[ ,,( ,,! ,,des]t #ceb ,,xviii4 ,,hi/oric ,,monum5ts ,,( ,,! ,,s\?we/ #cfg ,,xix4 ,,des]t ,,spectacles #che ,,xx4 ,,! ,,muir ,,woods ,,& ,,o!r ,,national ,,monum5ts #djd ,,illu/rations ,zoroa/] f ! dep?s ( ! ,gr& ,canyon ,frontispiece ,,fac+ ,,page ,! ,ra9b[ ,natural ,bridge1 ,utah #h ,middle =k ( ! ,belly ,riv]1 ,glaci] ,national ,p>k #ab ,g5]al ,grant ,tree #ah ,! ,giant ,geys]--greate/ 9 ! _w #bb ,! ,yosemite ,falls--highe/ 9 ! _w #bf ,el ,capitan1 survivor ( ! glaci]s #dd ,half ,dome1 ,yosemite's hood$ monk #df ,! climax ( ,yosemite ,national ,p>k #ef ,! greate/ wat]:eel ( ! ,tuolumne #ef ,tehipite ,dome1 gu>dian rock ( ! ,tehipite ,valley #hb ,ea/ ,vidette f a =e/ ( foxtail p9es #hd ,bull ,frog ,lake1 propos$ ,roosevelt ,national ,p>k #ij ,"u a giant sequoia #ij ,e/es ,p>k ,plateau1 look+ ea/ #if ,front range ( ! ,rockies f ,bi]/adt ,lake #if ,summit ( ,longs ,peak1 ,rocky ,m\nta9 ,national ,p>k #aaj ,! ,&rews ,glaci] hangs f ! ,cont95tal ,divide #aad ,a ,rocky ,m\nta9 cirque c>v$ f solid granite #aad ,m\nt ,mc,kinley1 loom+ above ! great ,alaskan ,range #abh ,ar*deacon ,/uck's p>ty half-way up ! m\nta9 #abh ,! summit ( ,m\nt ,mc,kinley #abh ,9 ,lafayette ,national ,p>k #acd ,sea caves 9 ! granite #acd ,fr5*man's ,bay f ! ea/ cliff ( ,*ampla9 ,m\nta9 #adj ,lass5 ,peak se5 f ! s\?we/ #aeb ,lass5 ,peak close up #aeb ,s\!a/ slope ( ,m\nt ,ra9i] #afb ,m\nt ,/4 ,hel5s se5 f ,m\nt ,ra9i] ,p>k #aff ,m\nt ,adams se5 f ,m\nt ,ra9i] ,p>k #aff ,sluisk9 ,ridge & ,columbia ,cre/ #agb ,m\nt ,ra9i] se5 f ,tacoma #agb ,m\nt ,ra9i] & ,p>adise ,inn 9 summ] #agd ,w9t] pleasures at ,p>adise ,inn1 ,m\nt ,ra9i] #agd ,dutton ,cliff & ! ,phantom ,%ip1 ,crat] ,lake #aij ,sunset f ,g>field ,peak1 ,crat] ,lake ,national ,p>k #aij ,applegate ,cliff1 ,crat] ,lake #aid ,phantom ,%ip f ,g>field ,peak #aid ,! ,excelsior ,geys] :i* blew out 9 #ahhh2 ,yell[/one #baf ,"o ( ! t]races at ,mammo? ,hot ,spr+s1 ,yell[/one #baf ,yell[/one ,valley f ! upp] fall to ! l[] fall #bbj ,! l[] fall & ! ,gr& ,canyon ( ! ,yell[/one #bbj ,! ,teton ,m\nta9 f ,jackson ,hole1 s\? ( ,yell[/one #bbh ,! lava l&scape ( ! ,yell[/one & ,gibbon ,falls #bbh ,! ,kilauea ,pit ( ,fire1 ,hawaii ,national ,p>k #bch ,)9 ! crat] ( ,kilauea #bch ,! ,great ,gable ( ,g\ld ,m\nta9 #bgb ,! ,cirque at ! head ( ,cut ,bank ,creek #bgb ,pt>migan ,lake & ,m\nt ,wilbur1 ,glaci] ,national ,p>k #bgf ,scoop$ bo? sides by giant glaci]s #bgf ,%[+ ! ,agassiz ,glaci] #bhb ,beautiful ,b[man ,lake1 ,glaci] ,national ,p>k #bhb ,prehi/oric pott]y f ,mesa ,v]de #bih ,sun ,temple1 ,mesa ,v]de ,national ,p>k #cjb ,spruce ,tree ,h\se f across ! canyon #cjb ,on ,hot ,spr+s ,m\nta91 ,hot ,spr+s ( ,arkansas #cjh ,ba? ,h\se ,r[1 ,hot ,spr+s ( ,arkansas #cjh ,sunset f ,gr& ,view1 ,gr& ,canyon ,national ,p>k #cdj ,camp+ p>ty on ! ,s\? ,rim #cdd ,d[n ,h]mit ,trail f rim to riv] #cdd ,?r\gh ! ,granite ,gorge surges ! muddy ,colorado #cdf ,:5 morn+ mi/s lift f ! dep?s ( ! ,gr& ,canyon #cdf ,el ,gob]nador1 ,zion ,national ,monum5t #cfb ,zion ,canyon f ! rim #cfd ,! ,?ree ,patri>*s1 ,zion ,canyon #cfd ,casa ,gr&e ,national ,monum5t #cgd ,prehi/oric cave homes 9 ! ,b&eli] ,national ,monum5t #cgd ,tumacacori ,mission #cgf ,montezuma ,ca/le #cgf ,roosevelt p>ty 9 ,monum5t ,valley #chf ,ra9b[ ,bridge 9 full p]spective #chf ,! ,petrifi$ ,=e/ ( ,arizona #cif ,petrifi$ trunk =m+ a bridge ov] a canyon #cif ,ca!dral ,isle ( ! ,muir ,woods #djf ,p9nacles ,national ,monum5t #dab ,! ,devil's ,t[] #dab ,,maps ,,& ,,diagrams ,,page ,cross-section ( ,crat] ,lake %[+ probable outl9e ( ,m\nt ,mazama #ahi ,cross-section ( ,crat] ,lake #aia ,map ( ,hawaii ,national ,p>k #bcj ,,fac+ ,,page ,outl9e ( ! ,mesa ,v]de ,=mation #bij ,outl9es ( ! ,we/]n & ,ea/]n ,temples1 ,zion ,national ,monum5t #cef ,,at ,,end ,,( ,,volume ,map ( ,yosemite ,national ,p>k1 ,cali=nia4 ,propos$ ,roosevelt ,national ,p>k & ! ,sequoia & ,g5]al ,grant ,national ,p>ks1 ,cali=nia4 ,! ,rocky ,m\nta9 ,national ,p>k1 ,colorado4 ,m\nt ,ra9i] ,national ,p>k1 ,wa%+ton4 ,crat] ,lake ,national ,p>k1 ,oregon4 ,yell[/one ,national ,p>k1 ,wyom+4 ,glaci] ,national ,p>k1 ,montana4 ,mesa ,v]de ,national ,p>k1 ,colorado4 ,gr& ,canyon ,national ,p>k1 ,arizona4 ,zion ,national ,monum5t1 ,utah4 ,,! ,,book ,,( ,,! ,,national ,,p>ks ,! ,book ( ! ,national ,p>ks ,,on ,,! ,,appreciation ,,( ,,sc5]y ,to ! av]age educat$ ,am]ican1 sc5]y is a pleas+ hodge-podge ( m\nta9s1 valleys1 pla9s1 lakes1 & riv]s4 ,to him1 ! glaci]-holl[$ valley ( ,yosemite1 ! /ream-scoop$ abyss ( ! ,gr& ,canyon1 ! volcanic gulf ( ,crat] ,lake1 ! bri/l+ granite core ( ! ,rockies1 & ! anci5t ice-c>v$ %ales ( ,glaci] ,national ,p>k all are "o--j sc5]y1 magnific5t1 incomp>able1 mean+less4 ,z a p we h be5 cont5t to wond]1 n to "k2 yet ) sc5]y1 z ) all else1 to "k is to beg9 fully to enjoy4 ,appreciation measures enjoym5t4 ,& ?is br+s me to my proposition1 namely1 t we %all n really enjoy our possession ( ! gr&e/ sc5]y 9 ! _w until we realize t sc5]y is ! writt5 page ( ! ,hi/ory ( ,creation1 & until we le>n to read t page4 ,! national p>ks ( ,am]ica include areas ( ! noble/ & mo/ div]sifi$ sc5ic sublimity easily accessible 9 ! _w2 nev]!less x is _! *iefe/ glory t !y are among ! complete/ expressions ( ! e>?'s hi/ory4 ,! ,am]ican p is wak+ rapidly to ! magnitude ( its sc5ic possession2 x has yet to le>n to appreciate x4 ,nev]!less we love sc5]y4 ,we are a nation ( sightse]s4 ,! ye> be=e ! _w w> /opp$ all ?+s1 we sp5t #bhf1jjj1jjj 9 go+ to ,europe4 ,t summ] ,switz]l&'s receipts f ! sale ( transportation & bo>d to p]sons com+ f =eign l&s to see h] sc5]y 0 #ajj1jjj1jjj1 & m ?an half1 x has be5 /at$ app>5tly ) au?ority1 came f ,am]ica4 ,t same ye> t\ri/ travel became ,canada's f\r? l>ge/ s\rce ( income1 exce$+ 9 gross receipts ev5 h] fi%]ies1 & ! great] "p came f ! ,unit$ ,/ates2 x is a matt] ( record t sev5-t5?s ( ! hotel regi/rations 9 ! ,canadian ,rockies 7 f s\? ( ! bord]4 ,_h we !n kn[n1 z a nation1 t !re 0 j z good sc5]y ( its k9d 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 & _m m k9ds1 we w\ld h gone to see t2 x is a national trait to buy ! be/4 ,s9ce !n1 we h discov]$ ?is important fact & are cr[d+ to our national p>ks4 ,is x true1 a woman ask$ me at ! foot ( ,yosemite ,falls1 t ?is is ! highe/ unbrok5 wat]fall 9 ! _w8 ,%e 0 ! av]age t\ri/1 met !re by *ance4 ,i assur$ h] t su* 0 ! fact4 ,i call$ att5tion to ! app>5t delib]ation ( ! wat]'s fall1 a trick ( ! s5ses result+ f failure to realize height & di/ance4 ,to ?9k !y are ! highe/ 9 ! _w6 %e mus$4 ,i told h] t ! s(t f+]s ( wat] _h c>v$ ?is valley ?ree ?\s& feet into ! solid granite1 & t ice _h poli%$ its walls1 & ,i e/imat$ = h] ! ages s9ce ! ,m]c$ ,riv] fl[$ at ! level ( ! cat>act's br9k4 ,i've se5 ! talle/ build+ 9 ! _w1 %e repli$ dreamily1 & ! longe/ railroad1 & ! l>ge/ lake1 & ! highe/ monum5t1 & ! bigge/ dep>tm5t /ore1 & n[ ,i see ! highe/ wat]fall4 ,j ?9k ( x6 ,if "o has illusions conc]n+ ! av]age t\ri/1 let him comp>e ! hundr$s :o gape at ! pa9t pots & geys]s ( ,yell[/one ) ! doz5s :o exult 9 ! sublimat$ glory ( ! colorful canyon4 ,or let him li/5 to ! table-talk ( a p>ty return$ f ,crat] ,lake4 ,or let him recall ! /ati/ical sup]latives :i* made up 8 fri5d's la/ lett] f ! ,gr& ,canyon4 ,i am n condemn+ wond]1 :i*1 9 its place1 is a legitimate & pleasurable emotion4 ,z a condim5t to %>p5 & acc5t an ab\nd+ s5se ( beauty x has real & abid+ value4 ,love ( beauty is practically a univ]sal passion4 ,x is t :i* lures millions into ! fields1 valleys1 woods1 & m\nta9s on e holiday1 :i* cr[ds our ocean lanes & railroads4 ,! fact t few ( ^! rejoic+ millions are aw>e ( _! own motive1 & t1 /rangely en\gh1 a few ev5 w\ld be a%am$ to make ! admission if !y became aw>e ( x1 has no?+ to d ) ! fact4 ,x's a wise man t kn[s 8 own motives4 ,! fact t /ill few]1 :e!r aw>e or n ( ! reason ( _! happ9ess1 are capable ( mak+ ! lea/ expression ( x1 also has no?+ to d ) ! fact4 ,! t\ri/ woman :om ,i met at ! foot ( ,yosemite ,falls may h felt secretly suffocat$ by ! filmy gr&eur ( ! incomp>able spectacle1 not)/&+ t %e 0 consci\s ( no high] emotion ?an ! *eap wond] ( a sup]lative4 ,! ,gr& ,canyon's rim is ! /ille/ cr[d$ place ,i "k4 ,i've /ood among a hundr$ p on a precipice & he>d ! :ir ( a bird's w+s 9 ! abyss4 ,probably ! majority ( ^? sil5t gaz]s 7 suff]+ some?+ ak9 to pa9 at _! inability to give v5t to ! emotions bur/+ )9 !m4 ,i believe t ! /atem5t c n be successfully *all5g$ t1 z a p1 our enjoym5t ( sc5]y is almo/ :olly emotional4 ,love ( beauty spic$ by wond] is ! equipm5t = enjoym5t ( ! av]age intellig5t travell] ( to-day4 ,n[ add to ?is a m or less equal "p ( ! intellectual pleasure ( compreh5sion & y h ! equipm5t ( ! av]age intellig5t travell] ( to-morr[4 ,to ha/5 ?is to-morr[ is "o ( ! sev]al objects ( ?is book4 ,to see 9 ! c>v$ & colorful dep?s ( ! ,gr& ,canyon n only ! /up5d\s abyss ^: t]rible beauty grips ! s\l1 b also to-day's *apt] 9 a ?rill+ /ory ( creation ^: beg9n+ lay untold c5turies back 9 ! ages1 ^: sc5e cov]s ?ree hundr$ ?\s& squ>e miles ( our wond]ful s\?we/1 ^: actors include ! greate/ =ces ( nature1 ^: trem5d\s episodes %ame ! imag9ation ( ,dore1 & ^: logical end invites sugge/ions be=e :i* f9ite m9ds %r9k--?is is to come into ! pres5ce ( ! great spectacle prop]ly equipp$ = its enjoym5t4 ,b h[ _m :o see ! ,gr& ,canyon get m out ( x ?an m]ely ! beauty t grips ! s\l8 ,s x is ?r\gh\t ! _w ( sc5]y4 ,! geologic /ory writt5 on ! cliffs ( ,crat] ,lake is m /up5d\s ev5 ?an ! glory ( its indigo b[l4 ,! w> ( titanic =ces describ$ 9 simple language on ! rocks ( ,glaci] ,national ,p>k is unexcell$ 9 sublimity 9 ! hi/ory ( mank9d4 ,! /ory ( ,yell[/one's mak+ multiplies _m times ! ?rill occasion$ by its _w-fam$ spectacle4 ,ev5 ! simple/ & smalle/ rock details (t5 tell ?rill+ incid5ts ( prehi/oric tunes out ( :i* ! enlight5$ imag9ation recon/ructs ! romances & ! trag$ies ( e>?'s e>li] days4 ,h[ eloqu5t1 = example1 0 ! small1 wat]-worn fragm5t ( dull coal we f\nd on ! lime/one slope ( "o ( ,glaci]'s m\nta9s6 ,impossible companion%ip6 ,! "o ! product ( =e/1 ! o!r ( subm]g$ dep?s4 ,in/antly ,i glimps$ ! di/ant age :5 ?\s&s ( feet above ! v spot ^u :i* ,i /ood1 b !n at sea level1 bloom$ a ,cretace\s =e/1 ^: brok5 trunks & matt$ foliage decay$ 9 bogs :]e !y sl[ly turn$ to coal2 coal :i*1 expos$ & dis9tegrat$ dur+ int]v5+ ages1 has long s9ce--all b a few small fragm5ts l ?is--wa%$ into ! headwat]s ( ! ,saskat*ewan to m]ge ev5tually 9 ! muds ( ,hudson ,bay4 ,& !n1 /ill dream+1 my m9d leap$ millions ( ye>s /ill fur!r back to lake bottoms :]e1 t5 ?\s& feet bel[ ! spot on :i* ,i /ood1 ga!r$ ! pre-,cambrian ooze :i* lat] h>d5$ to ?is v lime/one4 ,f ooze a score ( ?\s& feet1 a hundr$ million ye>s1 to coal6 ,& bo? lie "h toge!r n[ 9 my palm6 ,fill$ ?us ) visions ( a p]spective beyond human compreh5sion1 ) :at multipli$ int5sity ( int]e/ ,i n[ return$ to ! noble view f ,gable ,m\nta96 ,9 plead+ = a high] und]/&+ ( ,nature's me?od & accompli%m5t z a prec$5t to /udy & obs]vation ( our national p>ks1 ,i seek enorm\sly to enri* ! enjoym5t n only ( ^! supreme examples b ( all examples ( _w mak+4 ,! same read+s :i* w prep>e y to enjoy to ! full ! message ( our national p>ks w inve/ y\r neighborhood hills at home1 y\r creek & riv] & prairie1 y\r vacation valleys1 ! l&scape ?r\gh y\r c> w9d[1 ev5 y\r wayside dit*1 ) liv+ int]e/4 ,i invite y to a new & fasc9at+ e>?1 an e>? int]e/+1 vital1 p]sonal1 belov$1 because at la/ kn[n & und]/ood6 ,x requires no great /udy to "k & und]/& ! e>? well en\gh = su* purpose z ?is4 ,"o does n h to dim 8 eyes ) acres ( maps1 or become a plodd+ geologi/1 or le>n to di/+ui% s*i/s f granites1 or to classify plants by table1 or to call wild geese & m>mots by _! ,lat9 names4 ,x is true t geography1 geology1 physiography1 m9]alogy1 botany & zoology mu/ ea* contribute _! %>e t[>d ! condition ( intellig5ce :i* w enable y to realize appreciation ( ,nature's amaz+ e>?1 b ! %>e ( ea* is s small t ! problem w be solv$1 n by exhau/ive /udy1 b by ! selection ( ess5tial p>ts4 ,two or ?ree popul> books :i* int]pret natural sci5ce 9 p]spective %\ld pleasurably accompli% y\r purpose4 ,b once begun1 ,i pr$ict t few w fail to c>ry c]ta9 subjects beyond ! m]e ess5tials1 :ile "s w ent] = life into a l& ( new delights4 ,let u1 = illu/ration1 consid] = a mom5t ! mak+ ( ,am]ica4 ,! e>?1 compos$ ( c\ntless aggregations ( matt] drawn toge!r f ! skies1 :irl$ into a globe1 settl$ into a solid mass surr\nd$ by an atmosph]e c>ry+ wat] l a sponge1 has rea*$ ! /age ( developm5t :5 l& & sea h divid$ ! surface betwe5 !m1 & successions ( heat & fro/1 sn[1 ice1 ra91 & flood1 are busy ) _! ceaseless c>v+ ( ! l&4 ,already m\nta9s are we>+ d[n & sea bottoms are build+ up ) _! refuse4 ,s$im5ts c>ri$ by ! riv]s are deposit+ 9 /rata1 :i* "s day w h>d5 into rock4 ,we are look+ n[ at ! close ( ! era :i* geologi/s call ,ar*ean1 because x is anci5t beyond k4 ,a few ( its rocks are kn[n1 b n well en\gh = _m def9ite conclusions4 ,all ! e>?'s va/ my/]i\s pa/ is lump$ "u ?is title4 ,! def9ite hi/ory ( ! e>? beg9s ) ! close ( ! dim ,ar*ean era4 ,x is ! lapse f !n till n[1 a few hundr$ million ye>s at mo/ out ( all inf9ity1 :i* ev] c greatly conc]n man1 = dur+ ?is "t 7 laid ! only rocks ^: read+ 0 assi/$ by ! pres5ce ( fossils4 ,dur+ ?is "t ! cont95ts atta9$ _! f9al %ape1 ! m\nta9s rose1 & valleys1 pla9s1 & riv]s =m$ & re-=m$ _m times be=e assum+ ! pass+ =ms :i* !y n[ %[4 ,dur+ ?is "t also life evolv$ f its inf]r$ beg9n+s 9 ! late ,ar*ean to ! complicat$1 f9ely develop$1 & 9 man's case highly m5taliz$ & spiritualiz$ organization ( ,to-day4 ,surely ! geologi/'s field ( labor is replete ) int]e/1 inspiration1 ev5 romance4 ,b because x has become s saturat$ ) te*nicality z to become almo/ a popul> bugaboo1 let u attempt no special /udy1 b r cull f its volum9\s records ^? simple facts & p]spectives :i* w reveal to u ?is greate/ ( all /ory books1 our old e>?1 z ! volume ( en*antm5t t x really is4 ,) ! pass+ ( ! ,ar*ean1 ! e>? _h n yet settl$ into ! p]fectly balanc$ sph]e :i* ,nature de/9$ x to be4 ,9 "s places ! rock 0 m compactly squeez$ ?an 9 o!rs1 & ^! d5s] masses ev5tually 7 =c$ viol5tly into neighbor masses :i* 7 n s tightly squeez$4 ,^! movem5ts f> bel[ ! surface %ift$ ! surface balance & became "o ( _m complicat$ & little kn[n causes impell+ ! cru/ "h to sl[ly rise & !re to sl[ly fall4 ,?us 9 places sea bottoms lift$ above ! surface & became l&1 :ile l&s else:]e settl$ & became seas4 ,!re are areas :i* h alt]nat$ _m times betwe5 l& & sea2 ?is is :y we f9d lime/ones :i* 7 =m$ 9 ! sea ov]ly+ %ales :i* 7 =m$ 9 fre% wat]1 :i* 9 turn ov]lie s&/ones :i* once 7 bea*es--all ^! n[ 9 plateaus ?\s&s ( feet above ! ocean's level4 ,sometimes ^! my/]i\s int]nal =ces lift$ ! surface 9 long waves4 ,?us m\nta9 *a9s & m\nta9 sy/ems 7 creat$4 ,(t5 _! summits1 worn d[n by fro/s & ra9s1 disclose ! core ( rock :i*1 ages be=e1 !n hot & fluid1 _h und]la9 ! cru/ & b5t x upw>d into m\nta9 =m4 ,n[1 cold & h>d1 ^! masses are disclos$ z ! granite ( to-day's l&scape1 or z o!r igne\s rocks ( e>?'s int]ior :i* n[ cov] broad surface areas1 m+l$ ) ! /ratifi$ or wat]-made rocks :i* ! surface only produces4 ,b ?is has n always be5 ! fate ( ! "u-surface molt5 rocks1 = sometimes !y h bur/ by volcanic v5ts cle> ?r\gh ! cru/ ( e>?1 :]e1 turn$ in/antly to pumice & lava by release f pressure1 !y build great surface cones1 cov] broad pla9s & fill bas9s & valleys4 ,?us 7 creat$ ! ?ree great divisions ( ! rocks :i* =m ! ?ree great divisions ( sc5]y1 ! s$im5ts1 ! granites1 & ! lavas4 ,dur+ ^! *anges 9 ! levels ( enorm\s surface areas1 ! fro/s & wat] h be5 indu/ri\sly work+ d[n ! elevations ( ! l&4 ,nature =ev] seeks a level4 ,! sn[s ( w9t]1 melt+ at midday1 s9k into ! rocks' m9ute/ cracks4 ,exp&$ by ! fro/s1 ! imprison$ wat] pries op5 & *ips ! surface4 ,! ra9s ( spr+ & summ] wa% ! *ipp+s & o!r debris into rivulets1 :i* c>ry !m into m\nta9 torr5ts1 :i* ru% !m into riv]s1 :i* sweep !m into oceans1 :i* deposit !m = ! upbuild+ ( ! bottoms4 ,always ! level6 ,?\s&s ( squ>e miles ( ,cali=nia 7 built up f ocean's bottom ) s$im5ts *isell$ f ! m\nta9s ( ,wyom+1 ,colorado1 & ,utah1 & swept seaw>d ?r\gh ! ,gr& ,canyon4 ,^! mills gr9d )\t re/ or pause4 ,! atmosph]e ga!rs ! moi/ure f ! sea1 ! w9ds roll x 9 cl\ds to ! l&1 ! m\nta9s cat* & *ill ! cl\ds1 & ! result+ ra9s hurry back to ! sea 9 riv]s be>+ heavy freights ( soil4 ,spr+1 summ]1 autumn1 w9t]1 day & night1 ! mills ( ,nature labor unceas+ly to produce h] level4 ,if ev] ?is e>? is really f9i%$ to ,nature's lik+1 x w be z r\nd & poli%$ z a billi>d ball4 ,illu/ration3 ,f a photograph by ,bailey ,willis ,,middle ,,=k ,,( ,,! ,,belly ,,riv]1 ,,glaci] ,,national ,,p>k ,v anci5t %ales & lime/one fanta/ically c>v$ by glaci]s4 ,! illu/ration %[s ,gl5ns ,lake1 ,pyramid ,peak1 ,*aney ,glaci]1 & ,m\nt ,kipp ,ye>s mean no?+ 9 ! computation ( ! prehi/oric pa/4 ,:o c conceive a ?\s& c5turies1 to say no?+ ( a million ye>s8 ,yet ei!r is inconsid]able aga9/ ! total lapse ( "t ev5 f ! ,ar*ean's close till n[4 ,& s geologi/s h devis$ an easi] me?od ( c\nt1 measur$ n by units ( "t1 b by :at ea* phase ( progress has accompli%$4 ,?is measure is set =? 9 ! accompany+ table1 toge!r ) a conjecture conc]n+ ! lapse ( "t 9 t]ms ( ye>s4 ,! mo/ illum9at+ accompli%m5t ( ! table1 h[ev]1 is its bird's-eye view ( ! procession ( ! evolution ( life f ! fir/ inf]5ce ( its exi/5ce to its climax ( to-day2 &1 concurr5t ) ?is progress1 its sugge/ion ( ! gr[? & developm5t ( sc5ic ,am]ica4 ,x is1 9 effect1 ! table ( cont5ts ( a volume ^: ?rill+ text & /up5d\s illu/ration are engrav$ immortally 9 ! rocks2 a volume ^: ultimate secrets ! s*ol>%ip ( all "t p]haps w nev] fully deciph]1 b ^: dramatic outl9es & _m ( ^: mo/ ?rill+ incid5ts are op5 to all at ! exp5se ( a little /udy at home & a little ?\ghtful see+ 9 ! places :]e ! facts are pictur$ 9 l9es s big & graphic t none may miss _! mean+s4 ,man's colossal egotism is rudely %ak5 be=e ! ,procession ( ! ,ages4 ,agha/1 he discov]s t ! billions ( ye>s :i* h wr\ght ?is e>? f /> du/ 7 n m]ely ,god's labori\s prep>ation ( a habitation fit = s admirable an occupant2 t man1 on ! contr>y1 is no?+ m or less ?an ! pres5t ma/] t5ant ( e>?1 ! highe/ type ( hundr$s ( millions ( ye>s ( succe$+ t5ants only because he is ! late/ 9 evolution4 ,,progress ,,( ,,creation ,*>t ( ! ,divisions ( ,geologic ,"t1 & an ,e/imate 9 ,ye>s bas$ on ! assumption t a hundr$ million ye>s h elaps$ s9ce ! close ( ! ,ar*ean ,p]iod1 toge!r ) a cond5s$ table ( ! ,evolution ( ,life f its ,inf]r$ ,beg9n+s 9 ! ,ar*ean to ! ,pres5t ,"t4 ,read f ! bottom up4 ,read ! footnote ^u ! opposite page conc]n+ ! ,e/imate ( ,"t4 ---------------------------------------- ------------------------------- ,,era ,,p]iod ,,epo* ,,life ,,developm5t ,,e/imat$ ,,"t ---------------------------------------- ------------------------------- ,rec5t ,,! ,,age ,,( ,,man ,,c5ozoic ,quat]n>y ,plei/oc5e ,animals & plants ( #f 7,ice ,age7 ! mod]n type4 ,fir/ millions record ( man occurs 9 ( ! e>ly ,plei/oc5e4 ye>s4 ,era ( ---------------------------------------- ------------ ,rec5t ,plioc5e ,,! ,,age ,,( ,,mammals ,life ,t]ti>y ,mioc5e ,rise & developm5t ( ,oligoc5e ! highe/ ord]s ( ,eoc5e plants & animals4 ---------------------------------------- ------------------------------- ,cretace\s ,,! ,,age ,,( ,,reptiles ,,mesozoic ,jurassic ,%ellfi% ) complex ,triassic %ells4 ,enorm\s l& reptiles4 ,fly+ #af reptiles & ! millions evolution !refrom ( ( birds4 ,fir/ palms4 ye>s4 ,fir/ h>dwood trees4 ,fir/ mammals4 ,era ( ---------------------------------------- ------------ ,int]m$iate ,,! ,,age ,,( ,,amphibians4 ,life ,,! ,,coal ,,age ,c>bonif]\s ,p]mian ,%>ks & sea animals ) nautilus-l ,p5nsylvanian %ells4 ,evolution ( l& plants 9 _m ,mississippian complex =ms4 ,fir/ appe>ance ( l& v]tebrates4 ,fir/ fl[]+ plants4 ,fir/ cone-be>+ trees4 ,club mosses & f]ns highly develop$4 ---------------------------------------- ------------------------------- ,,! ,,age ,,( ,,fi%es ,devonian ,evolution ( _m =ms4 ,fi% ( great size4 ,fir/ appe>ance #de ( amphibians & l& millions plants4 ( ---------------------------------------- ------------ ye>s4 ,,paleozoic ,%ellfi% develop ,era ( ,silurian fully4 ,appe>ance & ,old ,life culm9ation ( cr9oids or sea-lilies1 & l>ge scorpion-l cru/aceans4 ,fir/ appe>ance ( reef-build+ corals4 ,developm5t ( fi%es4 ---------------------------------------- ------------ ,sea animals develop ,ordovician %ells1 especially cephalopods & mollusk-l bra*iopods4 ,trilobites at _! height4 ,fir/ appe>ance ( insects4 ,fir/ appe>ance ( fi%es4 ---------------------------------------- ------------ ,m highly develop$ ,cambrian =ms ( wat] life4 ,trilobites & bra*iopods mo/ abundant4 ,algae4 ---------------------------------------- ------------------------------- ,algonkian ,! fir/ life :i* left a di/9ct record4 #cc ,v primitive =ms millions ,,prot]ozoic ( wat] life1 ( cru/aceans1 ye>s4 bra*iopods & algae4 ---------------------------------------- ------------------------------- ,ar*ean ,no fossils f\nd1 b life inf]r$ f ! exi/5ce ( iron ores ,,ar*eozoic & lime/ones1 :i* are g5]ally =m$ 9 ! pres5ce ( organisms4 ---------------------------------------- ------------------------------- ,:o c safely decl>e t ! day w n come :5 a new ,yell[/one1 hurl$ f reop5$ volcanoes1 %all f\nd itself ^u ! buri$ ru9 ( ! pres5t ,yell[/one2 :5 ! pres5t ,si]ra %all h disappe>$ into ! ,pacific & ! des]ts ( ! ,great ,bas9 become ! g>d5s ( ! hemisph]e2 :5 a new ,rocky ,m\nta9 sy/em %all h gr[n ^u ! erod$ & dissipat$ granites ( ! pres5t2 :5 %all[ seas %all jo9 anew ,hudson ,bay ) ! ,gulf ( ,mexico2 :5 a new & l(ty ,appala*ian ,range %all replace ! r\nd$ summits ( to-day2 :5 a race ( be+s z sup]ior to man1 intellectually & spiritually1 z man is sup]ior to ! ape1 %all endeavor to recon/ruct a picture ( man f ! occasional remnants :i* floods may wa% into view8 ,,note ,,explanatory ,,( ,,! ,,e/imate ,,( ,,geologic ,,"t ,,9 ,,! ,,table ,,on ,,! ,,opposite ,,page ,! g5]al assumption ( mod]n geologi/s is t a hundr$ million ye>s h elaps$ s9ce ! close ( ! ,ar*ean p]iod2 at lea/ ?is is a r\nd numb]1 conv5i5t = ?9k+ & discussion4 ,! rec5t t5d5cy has be5 greatly to increase conceptions ( geologic "t ov] ! highly cons]vative e/imates ( a few ye>s ago1 & a /rong disposition is %[n to reg>d ! ,algonkian p]iod z "o ( v great l5g?1 extremi/s ev5 sugge/+ t x may h equall$ all "t s9ce4 ,= ! purposes ( ?is popul> book1 !n1 let u conceive t ! e>? has exi/$ = a hundr$ million ye>s s9ce ,ar*ean times1 & t "o-?ird ( ?is 0 ,algonkian2 & let u apportion ! two-?irds rema9+ among succe$+ eras 9 ! av]age ( ! proportions adopt$ by ,pr(essor ,joseph ,b>rell ( ,yale ,univ]sity1 ^: rec5t speculations ^u geologic "t h attract$ wide att5tion4 ,fanta/ic1 y may say4 ,x is fanta/ic4 ,s f> z ,i "k !re exi/s n "o fact ^u :i* def9ite pr$ictions su* z ^! may be bas$4 ,b also !re exi/s n "o fact :i* w>rants specific d5ial ( pr$ictions su* z ^!4 ,& if any inf]5ce :atev] may be made f e>?'s hi/ory x is ! inevitable inf]5ce t ! p]iod 9 :i* man lives is m]ely "o /ep 9 an evolution ( matt]1 m9d & _s :i* looks =w>d to *anges z mighty or mighti] ?an ^? ,i h sugge/$4 ,) s inspir+ an outl9e1 ! /udy to :i* ,i invite y c be no?+ b pleasurable4 ,space does n p]mit ! developm5t ( ! !me 9 ! pages :i* foll[1 b ! book w h fail$ if x does n1 incid5tal to its ma9 purposes1 entangle ! read] 9 ! *>m ( ,am]ica's adv5tur\s pa/4 ,i ,,! ,,national ,,p>ks ,,( ,,! ,,unit$ ,,/ates ,! ,national ,p>ks ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates are areas ( supreme sc5ic spl5dor or o!r unique quality :i* ,congress has set ap>t = ! pleasure & b5efit ( ! p4 ,at ?is writ+ !y numb] eighte51 sixte5 ( :i* lie )9 ! b\nd>ies ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates & are rea*$ by rail & road4 ,^? ( great] importance h excell5t roads1 good trails1 & hotels or hotel camps1 or bo?1 = ! accommodation ( visitors2 also public camp gr\nds :]e visitors may pit* _! own t5ts4 ,outside ! ,unit$ ,/ates !re are two national p>ks1 "o enclos+ ?ree celebrat$ volcanic crat]s1 ! o!r cons]v+ ! l(tie/ m\nta9 on ! cont95t4 ,i ,! />t+ po9t = any consid]ation ( our national p>ks necess>ily is ! rec5tly realiz$ fact ( _! supremacy 9 _w sc5]y4 ,x 0 ! s5sational =ce ( ?is realization :i* int5sely attract$ public att5tion at ! outset ( ! new movem5t2 _m ?\s&s ha/5$ to see ^! wond]s1 & _! reports spread ! tid+s ?r\gh\t ! l& & gave ! movem5t its increas+ impetus4 ,! simple facts are ^!3 ,! ,swiss ,alps1 except = sev]al unmat*able individual features1 are excell$ 9 beauty1 sublimity & v>iety by sev]al ( our own national p>ks1 & ^! same p>ks possess o!r di/+ui%$ individual features unrepres5t$ 9 k9d or spl5dor 9 ! ,alps4 ,! ,canadian ,rockies are m ?an mat*$ 9 ri* color+ by our ,glaci] ,national ,p>k4 ,glaci] is ! ,canadian ,rockies done 9 ,gr& ,canyon colors4 ,x has no pe]4 ,! ,yell[/one outranks by f> any simil> volcanic area 9 ! _w4 ,x conta9s m & great] geys]s ?an all ! re/ ( ! _w toge!r2 ! next 9 rank are divid$ betwe5 ,icel& & ,new ,zeal&4 ,its fam\s canyon is alone ( its quality ( beauty4 ,except = portions ( ! ,african jungle1 ! ,yell[/one is probably ! mo/ populat$ wild animal area 9 ! _w1 & its wild animals are comp>atively fe>less1 ev5 sometimes fri5dly4 ,m\nt ,ra9i] has a s+le-peak glaci] sy/em ^: equal has n yet be5 discov]$4 ,tw5ty-eight liv+ glaci]s1 "s ( !m v l>ge1 spread1 octopus-l1 f its c5tre4 ,x is f\r h\rs by rail or motor f ,tacoma4 ,crat] ,lake is ! deepe/ & blue/ accessible lake 9 ! _w1 occupy+ ! hole left aft] "o ( our l>ge/ volcanoes _h slipp$ back into e>?'s int]ior ?r\gh its own rim4 ,illu/ration3 ,,g5]al ,,grant ,,tree ,x has a ,national ,p>k all to itself ,yosemite possesses a valley ^: compell+ beauty ! _w ackn[l$ges z supreme4 ,! valley is ! c5tre ( elev5 hundr$ squ>e miles ( high altitude wild]ness4 ,! ,sequoia conta9s m ?an a million sequoia trees1 twelve ?\s& ( :i* are m ?an t5 feet 9 diamet]1 & "s ( :i* are ! l>ge/ & olde/ liv+ ?+s 9 ! wide _w4 ,! ,gr& ,canyon ( ,arizona is by f> ! huge/ & noble/ example ( erosion 9 ! _w4 ,x is gorge\sly c>v$ & color$4 ,9 %e] sublimity x (f]s an unequall$ spectacle4 ,m\nt ,mc,kinley /&s m ?an #bj1jjj feet above sea level1 & #ag1jjj feet above ! surr\nd+ valleys4 ,sc5ically1 x is ! _w's l(tie/ m\nta91 = ! mon/]s ( ! ,&es & ! ,himalayas :i* surpass x 9 altitude c be view$ closely only f valleys f five to t5 ?\s& feet high] ?an ,mc,kinley's nor!rn valleys4 ,! ,hawaii ,national ,p>k conta9s ! f\r? greate/ dead crat] 9 ! _w1 ! huge/ liv+ volcano1 & ! ,kilauea ,lake ( ,fire1 :i* is unique & draws visitors f ! _w's f\r qu>t]s4 ,^! are ! pr9cipal features ( ,am]ica's _w supremacy4 ,!y are incid5tal to a sy/em ( sc5ic wild]nesses :i* 9 comb9$ area z well z v>iety exce$ ! comb9$ sc5ic wild]ness playgr\nds ( simil> class com=tably accessible else:]e4 ,no wond]1 !n1 t ! ,am]ican public is ov]joy$ ) its rec5tly realiz$ treasure1 & t ! ,gov]nm5t looks confid5tly to ! rapid developm5t ( its new-f\nd economic asset4 ,! ,am]ican public has discov]$ ,am]ica1 & no "o :o kn[s ! ,am]ican public d\bts = a mom5t :at x w d ) x4 ,,ii ,! idea /ill widely obta9s t our national p>ks are pr9cipally playgr\nds4 ,a di/+ui%$ memb] ( ,congress rec5tly ask$3 ,:y make ^! appropriations8 ,m p visit$ ,rock ,creek ,p>k "h 9 ! city ( ,wa%+ton la/ ,sunday aft]noon ?an w5t to ! ,yosemite all la/ summ]4 ,! c\ntry has endless woods & m\nta9s :i* co/ ! ,treasury no?+4 ,?is view entirely misses ! po9t4 ,! national p>ks are recreational1 ( c\rse4 ,s are /ate1 c\nty & city p>ks4 ,s are resorts ( e k9d4 ,s are ! fields1 ! woods1 ! sea%ore1 ! op5 c\ntry ev]y:]e4 ,we are liv+ 9 an op5-air age4 ,! nation ( outdoor liv]s is a nation ( p[]1 initiative1 & sanity4 ,i hope to see ! "t :5 available ,/ate l&s ev]y:]e1 :5 e squ>e mile f our national =e/ res]ve1 :5 ev5 _m private hold+s are made accessible & com=table1 & become habit$ ) summ] tramp]s & camp]s4 ,x is ! way to individual p[] & national effici5cy4 ,b ! national p>ks are f> m ?an recreational areas4 ,!y are ! supreme examples4 ,!y are ! gall]y ( ma/]pieces4 ,"h ! visitor ent]s 9 a holi] _s4 ,"h is inspiration4 ,!y are also ! museums ( ! ages4 ,"h nature is /ill creat+ ! e>? ^u a scale s va/ & s pla9 t ev5 ! dull & ! frivol\s _c fail to see & compreh5d4 ,?is is no di/9ction )\t a diff]5ce4 ,! diff]5ce is s m>k$ t few inde$ ev5 ( ^? :o visit our national p>ks 9 a frivol\s or m]ely recreational mood rema9 9 t mood4 ,! _s ( ! great places brooks no?+ %ort ( sil5t rev]5ce4 ,i h se5 m5 unconsci\sly lift _! hats4 ,! m9d /rips itself ( affairs z "o %$s a coat4 ,x is ! h\r ( ! _s4 ,"o returns to daily liv+ ) a spr+i] /ep1 a ke5] vision1 & a broad] horizon = hav+ wor%ipp$ at ! %r9e ( ! ,inf9ite4 ,,iii ,! ,pacific ,coa/ ,expositions ( #aiae m>k$ ! beg9n+ ( ! nation's acqua9tance ) its national p>ks4 ,9 fact1 !y 7 ! occasion1 if n ! cause1 ( ! movem5t = national p>ks developm5t :i* f\nd s quickly a c\ntry-wide response1 & :i* is de/9$ to results ( l>ge importance to individual & nation alike4 ,because ?\s&s ( ^? :om ! expositions 7 expect$ to draw we/w>d w\ld avail ( ! opportunity to visit national p>ks1 ,secret>y ,lane1 to :om ! national p>ks sugge/$ neglect$ opportunity requir+ bus9ess exp]i5ce to develop1 induc$ ,/eph5 ,t4 ,ma!r1 a ,*icago bus9ess man ) m\nta9-top en?usiasms1 to und]take _! prep>ation = ! unaccu/om$ ?rongs4 ,mr4 ,ma!r's vision embrac$ a correlat$ sy/em ( sup]lative sc5ic areas :i* %\ld become ! famili> playgr\nds ( ! :ole ,am]ican p1 a sy/em :i*1 if organiz$ & adm9i/]$ ) ! effici5cy ( a great bus9ess1 %\ld ev5 become1 9 "t1 ! r5dezv\s ( ! sightse]s ( ! _w4 ,he =esaw 9 ! national p>ks a new & great national economic asset4 ,! educational & o!r propag&a by :i* ?is movem5t 0 pres5t$ to ! p1 :i* ! writ] _h ! honor to plan & execute1 won rapidly ! wide support ( ! public4 ,to me ! national p>ks appeal$ p[]fully z ! pot5tial museums & classrooms = ! popul> /udy ( ! natural =ces :i* made1 & /ill are mak+1 ,am]ica1 & ( ,am]ican fauna & flora4 ,"h 7 set =?1 9 fasc9at+ picture & l9es s pla9 t none c\ld fail to read & und]/&1 ! ess5tials ( sci5ces ^: real *>m our rapid educational me?ods imp>t to few4 ,?is book is ! logical outgr[? ( a close /udy ( ! national p>ks1 beg9n+ ) ! inception ( ! new movem5t1 f ?is po9t ( view4 ,h[ free f ! p>tisan consid]ations common 9 gov]nm5tal organization 0 ! bir? ( ! movem5t is %[n by an incid5t ( ,mr4 ,ma!r's inauguration into 8 assi/ant secret>y%ip4 ,secret>y ,lane _h se5 him at 8 desk & _h />t$ back to 8 own room4 ,b he return$1 look$ 9 at ! door1 & ask$3 ,illu/ration3 ,copyright by ,haynes1 ,/4 ,paul ,,! ,,giant ,,geys]--,,greate/ ,,9 ,,! ,,_w ,yell[/one ,national ,p>k ,oh1 by ! way1 ,/eve1 :at are y\r politics8 ,?is book consid]s our national p>ks z !y l9e up f\r ye>s aft] ! beg9n+ ( ?is movem5t4 ,x %[s !m well />t$ ^u ! long road to realization1 ) ,congress1 ,gov]nm5t1 & ! p unit$ t[>d a common end1 ) ! s*ools & ! univ]sities int]e/$1 &1 = ! fir/ "t1 ) ! railroads1 ! concession]s1 ! motor+ int]e/s1 & _m ( ! public-spirit$ educational & outdoor associations all pull+ toge!r "u ! inspiration ( a recogniz$ common motive4 ,( c\rse ?is triumph ( organization1 = x is no less1 c\ld n h be5 accompli%$ ne>ly s quickly )\t ! assi/ance ( ! clos+ ( ,europe by ! great w>4 ,previ\s to #aiae1 ,am]icans _h be5 sp5d+ #cjj1jjj1jjj a ye> 9 ,european travel4 ,nor c\ld x h be5 accompli%$ at all if inve/igation & comp>ison _h n %[n t our national p>ks excel 9 supreme sc5ic quality & v>iety ! comb9$ sc5]y :i* is com=tably accessible 9 all ! re/ ( ! _w toge!r4 ,to get ! situation at ! beg9n+ ( our book into full p]spective1 x mu/ be recogniz$ t1 previ\s to ! beg9n+ ( our propag&a 9 #aiae1 ! national p>ks1 z su*1 sc>cely exi/$ 9 ! public consci\sness4 ,few ,am]icans c\ld "n m ?an two or ?ree ( ! f\rte5 exi/+ p>ks4 ,! ,yosemite ,valley & ! ,yell[/one alone 7 g5]ally kn[n1 b sc>cely z national p>ks2 mo/ ( ! s*ool geographies :i* m5tion$ !m at all ignor$ _! national "*4 ,! adv]tis+ fold]s ( compet+ railroads 7 ! pr9cipal s\rces ( public k1 = few inde$ ask$ = ! compilation ( rates & *>ges :i* ! ,gov]nm5t !n s5t 9 response to inquiries = in=mation4 ,! p>ks _h practically no adm9i/ration4 ,! bus9ess necess>ily connect$ ) _! upkeep & developm5t 0 done by cl]ks z m9or & tr\blesome details :i* di/ract$ att5tion f m important duties2 !re 0 no "o cl]k ^: entire conc]n 0 ) ! national p>ks4 ,! ,am]ican public /ill look$ confid5tly ^u ! ,alps z ! supreme sc5ic area 9 ! _w1 & hop$ "s day to see ! ,canadian ,rockies4 ,,iv ,orig9ally ! motive 9 p>k-mak+ _h be5 unalloy$ cons]vation4 ,x is z if ,congress _h said3 ,let u lock ?is up :]e no "o c run away ) x2 we don't ne$ x n[1 b "s day x may be valuable4 ,t 0 ! in/9ct t l$ to ! res]vation ( ! ,hot ,spr+s ( ,arkansas 9 #ahcb1 ! fir/ national p>k4 ,=ty ye>s lat]1 :5 (ficial inve/igation prov$ ! tru? ( ! amaz+ tales ( ,yell[/one's natural wond]s1 x 0 ! in/9ct :i* l$ to ! res]vation ( t l>gely unexplor$ area z ! second national p>k4 ,sev5te5 ye>s aft] ,yell[/one1 :5 newspap]s & sci5tific magaz9es rec\nt$ ! e?nological importance ( ! ,casa ,gr&e ,ru9 9 ,arizona1 x result$ 9 ! creation ( ! ?ird national p>k1 not)/&+ t ! area s cons]v$ enclos$ less ?an a squ>e mile1 :i* conta9$ no?+ ( ! k9d & quality :i* to-day we recognize z ess5tial to p>khood4 ,?is clos$ :at may be reg>d$ z ! initial p]iod ( national p>ks cons]vation4 ,x 0 :olly in/9ctive2 di/9ctions1 objectives1 & policies 7 undream$ (4 ,less ?an two ye>s aft] ,casa ,gr&e1 :i*1 by ! way1 has rec5tly be5 re-class$ a national monum5t1 :at may be call$ ! middle p]iod began brilliantly ) ! creation1 9 #ahij1 ( ! ,yosemite1 ! ,sequoia1 & ! ,g5]al ,grant ,national ,p>ks1 all p>ks 9 ! true s5se ( ! ^w1 & all ( ! fir/ ord] ( sc5ic magnific5ce4 ,n9e ye>s lat] ,m\nt ,ra9i] 0 add$1 & two ye>s aft] t wond]ful ,crat] ,lake1 bo? meet+ fully ! new /&>d4 ,:at foll[$ 0 human & natural4 ,! t]m national p>k _h begun to mean some?+ 9 ! neighborhoods ( ! p>ks4 ,yell[/one & ,yosemite _h long be5 h\sehold words1 & ! introduction ( o!r areas to _! di/+ui%$ company fir$ local pride 9 neighbor+ /ates4 ,:y %\ld we n h national p>ks1 too8 p ask$4 ,congress1 always ! reflection ( ! popul> w1 & !re=e n always abrea/ ( ! mom5t1 0 unprep>$ ) reasons4 ,?us1 dur+ #aijc & #aijd1 !re 7 add$ to ! li/ areas 9 ,nor? ,dakota1 ,s\? ,dakota1 & ,oklahoma1 :i* 7 bett] fitt$ = ,/ate p>ks ?an = association ) ! di/+ui%$ company ( ! nation's noble/4 ,a reaction foll[$ & result$ 9 :at we may call ! mod]n p]iod4 ,f>-sight$ m5 9 & out ( ,congress began to comp>e & look ahead4 ,no h9t yet ( ! spl5did de/9y ( our national p>ks1 n[ s cle>ly def9$1 ent]$ ! m9ds ( ^! m5 at ?is "t1 b ideas ( selection1 ( developm5t & utilization und\bt$ly began to take =m4 ,at lea/1 cons]vation1 z su*1 ceas$ to become a sole motive4 ,ins5sibly ,congress1 or at lea/ a few m5 ( vision 9 ,congress1 began to take acc\nt ( /ock & figure on realization4 ,?is heal?y gr[? 0 help$ mat]ially by ! public dem& = ! improvem5t ( sev]al ( ! national p>ks4 ,no ?\ght ( appropriat+ money to improve ! ba?+ facilities ( ,hot ,spr+s _h affect$ ,congressional action = ne>ly half a c5tury2 x 0 en\gh t ! curative spr+s _h be5 sav$ f private own]%ip4 ,yell[/one 0 consid]$ s altoge!r extraord9>y1 h[ev]1 t ,congress began 9 #ahgi to appropriate ye>ly = its approa* by road1 & = ! protection ( its spr+s & geys]s2 b ?is 0 because ,yell[/one appeal$ to ! public s5se ( wond]4 ,x took tw5ty ye>s m = ,congress to und]/& t ! public s5se ( beauty 0 also wor? appropriations4 ,yosemite _h be5 a national p>k = n9e ye>s be=e x receiv$ a doll>1 & !n only :5 public dem& = roads1 trails1 & accommodations became insi/5t4 ,illu/ration3 ,f a photograph by ,pillsbury ,,! ,,yosemite ,,falls--,,highe/ ,,9 ,,! ,,_w ,f ! br9k ( ! upp] falls to ! foot ( ! l[] falls is almo/ half a mile ,b1 once born1 ! idea took root & spread4 ,x 0 f$ by ! press & magaz9e reports ( ! glories ( ! new] national p>ks1 !n attract+ "s public att5tion4 ,x help$ discrim9ation 9 ! comp>ison ( ! m9or p>ks creat$ 9 #aijc & #aijd ) ! great] ones :i* _h prec$$4 ,! realization t ! p>ks mu/ be develop$ at public exp5se %>p5$ ,congressional judgm5t z to :at areas %\ld & %\ld n become national p>ks4 ,f t "t on ,congress has made no mi/akes 9 select+ national p>ks4 ,mesa ,v]de became a p>k 9 #aije1 ,glaci] 9 #aiaj1 ,rocky ,m\nta9 9 #aiae1 ,hawaii & ,lass5 ,volcanic 9 #aiaf1 ,m\nt ,mc,kinley 9 #aiag1 & ,lafayette & ! ,gr& ,canyon 9 #aiai4 ,f t "t on ,congress1 mo/ cons]vatively1 x is true1 has back$ its judgm5t ) increas+ appropriations4 ,& 9 #aiaf x creat$ ! ,national ,p>k ,s]vice1 a bureau ( ! ,dep>tm5t ( ! ,int]ior1 to adm9i/] !m 9 accordance ) a def9ite policy4 ,v ,! di/9ction betwe5 ! national =e/s & ! national p>ks is ess5tial to und]/&+4 ,! national =e/s con/itute an enorm\s doma9 adm9i/]$ = ! economic comm]cialization ( ! nation's weal? ( lumb]4 ,its =e/s are h&l$ sci5tifically ) ! object ( secur+ ! l>ge/ annual lumb] output consi/5t ) ! prop] cons]vation ( ! future4 ,its _s is comm]cial4 ,! _s ( national p>k cons]vation is exactly opposite4 ,x seeks no great t]ritory--only ^? few spots :i* are supreme4 ,x aims to pres]ve nature's h&iwork exactly z nature made x4 ,no tree is cut except to make way = road1 trail or hotel to enable ! visitor to p5etrate & live among nature's secrets4 ,hunt+ is excell5t 9 "s ( our national =e/s1 b !re is no game 9 ! national p>ks2 9 ^!1 wild animals are a "p ( nature's exhibits2 !y are protect$ z fri5ds4 ,x foll[s t =e/s & p>ks1 s diff]5t 9 _s & purpose1 mu/ be h&l$ :olly sep>ately4 ,ev5 ! rang]s & sci5tific exp]ts h objects s opposite & diff]5t t ! same individual _c effici5tly s]ve bo? purposes4 ,high specialization 9 bo? s]vices is ess5tial to success4 ,,! ,,national ,,p>ks ,,at ,a ,,glance ,numb]1 #ah2 total area1 #aj1gci squ>e miles ---------------------------------------- ----------------------------------- ,,national ,,p>ks ,,area ,,9 ,,9 ,,ord] ,,location ,,squ>e ,,di/9ctive ,,*>act]i/ics ,,( ,,creation ,,miles ---------------------------------------- ----------------------------------- ,hot ,spr+s1 ,middle ,arkansas #a-a_/b #df hot spr+s possess+ #ahcb curative prop]ties--,_m hotels & bo>d+ h\ses--#bj ba?-h\ses "u public control4 ,yell[/one1 ,nor?we/]n #c1cdh ,m geys]s ?an 9 all re/ #ahgb ,wyom+ ( _w toge!r--,boil+ spr+s--,mud volcanoes--,petrifi$ =e/s--,gr& ,canyon ( ! ,yell[/one1 rem>kable = gorge\s color+--,l>ge lakes--,_m l>ge /reams & wat]falls--,greate/ wild bird & animal pres]ve 9 _w4 ,sequoia1 #ahij ,middle ea/]n #beb ,! ,big ,tree ,national ,cali=nia ,p>k--#ab1jjj sequoia trees ov] #aj feet 9 diamet]1 "s #be to #cf feet 9 diamet]--,t[]+ m\nta9 ranges--,/>tl+ precipices--,l>ge lime/one cave4 ,yosemite1 #ahij ,middle ea/]n #a1abe ,valley ( _w-fam$ ,cali=nia beauty--,l(ty cliffs--,romantic vi/as--,_m wat]falls ( extraord9>y height--#c groves ( big trees--,high ,si]ra--,wat]:eel falls4 ,g5]al ,grant1 ,middle ea/]n #d ,creat$ to pres]ve ! #ahij ,cali=nia celebrat$ ,g5]al ,grant ,tree1 #ce feet 9 diamet]--#f miles f ,sequoia ,national ,p>k4 ,m\nt ,ra9i]1 ,we/ c5tral #cbd ,l>ge/ accessible s+le peak #ahii ,wa%+ton glaci] sy/em--#bh glaci]s1 "s ( l>ge size--#dh squ>e miles ( glaci]1 #ej to #ejj feet ?ick--,wond]ful sub-alp9e wild fl[] fields4 ,crat] ,lake1 ,s\?we/]n #bdi ,lake ( extraord9>y blue 9 #aijb ,oregon crat] ( ext9ct volcano--,sides #a1jjj feet high--,int]e/+ lava =mations4 ,w9d ,cave1 #aijc ,s\? ,dakota #ag ,cav]n hav+ _m miles ( gall]ies & num]\s *amb]s conta9+ peculi> =mations4 ,platt1 #aijd ,s4 ,oklahoma #a-a_/c ,_m sulphur & o!r spr+s possess+ m$ic9al value4 ,sullys ,hill1 ,nor? ,dakota #a-a_/e ,small p>k ) woods1 /reams1 #aijd & a lake--,is an important wild animal pres]ve4 ,mesa ,v]de1 ,s4,w4 ,colorado #gg ,mo/ notable & be/ pres]v$ #aijf prehi/oric cliff dwell+s 9 ,unit$ ,/ates1 if n 9 ! _w4 ,glaci]1 #aiaj ,nor?we/]n #a1ecd ,rugg$ m\nta9 region ( ,montana unsurpass$ ,alp9e "*--#bej glaci]-f$ lakes ( romantic beauty--#fj small glaci]s--,s5sational sc5]y ( m>k$ individuality4 ,rocky ,m\nta91 ,nor? middle #cih ,he>t ( ! ,rockies--,sn[y #aiae ,colorado range1 peaks #aa1jjj to #ad1bej feet altitude--,rem>kable records ( glacial p]iod4 ,hawaii1 #aiaf ,hawaiian ,isl&s #aah ,?ree sep>ate volcanic areas--,kilauea & ,mauna ,loa on ,hawaii2 ,haleakala on ,maui4 ,lass5 ,volcanic ,nor!rn #abd ,only active volcano 9 ,unit$ #aiaf ,cali=nia ,/ates prop]--,lass5 ,peak #aj1dfe feet--,c9d] ,cone #f1hgi feet--,hot spr+s--,mud geys]s4 ,m\nt ,mc,kinley1 ,s\? c5tral #b1bjj ,highe/ m\nta9 9 ,nor? #aiag ,alaska ,am]ica--,rises high] above surr\nd+ c\ntry ?an any o!r m\nta9 9 _w4 ,gr& ,canyon1 ,nor? c5tral #ieh ,! greate/ example ( erosion #aiai ,arizona & ! mo/ sublime spectacle 9 ! _w--,"o mile deep & eight to twelve miles wide--,brilliantly color$4 ,lafayette1 #aiai ,ma9e ,coa/ #h ,! gr\p ( granite m\nta9s on ,m\nt ,des]t ,isl&4 ---------------------------------------- ----------------------------------- ,ano!r di/9ction :i* %\ld be made is ! diff]5ce betwe5 a national p>k & a national monum5t4 ,! "o is an area ( size creat$ by ,congress ^u ! assumption t x is a supreme example ( its k9d & ) ! purpose ( develop+ x = public occupancy & enjoym5t4 ,! o!r is made by presid5tial proclamation to cons]ve an area or object :i* is hi/orically1 e?nologically1 or sci5tifically important4 ,size is n consid]$1 & developm5t is n contemplat$4 ,! di/9ction is (t5 lo/ 9 practice4 ,casa ,gr&e is ess5tially a national monum5t1 b _h ! /atus ( a national p>k until #aiah4 ,! ,gr& ,canyon1 f e po9t ( view a national p>k1 0 creat$ a national monum5t & rema9$ su* until #aiai4 ,,! ,,granite ,,national ,,p>ks ,,granite',s ,,"p ,,9 ,,sc5]y ,! granite national p>ks are ,yosemite1 ,sequoia1 includ+ ! propos$ ,roosevelt ,p>k1 ,g5]al ,grant1 ,rocky ,m\nta91 & ,m\nt ,mc,kinley4 ,granite1 z its "n d5otes1 is granul> 9 texture & appe>ance4 ,x is cry/all9e1 :i* means t x is imp]fectly cry/alliz$4 ,x is compos$ ( qu>tz1 feldsp>1 & mica 9 v>y+ proportions1 & includes sev]al common v>ieties :i* m9]alogi/s di/+ui% sci5tifically by sep>ate names4 ,because ( its great range & abundance1 its pres5ce at ! core ( m\nta9 ranges :]e x is uncov]$ by erosion1 its attractive color+1 its massiv5ess & its vigor\s p]sonality1 x figures importantly 9 sc5]y ( magnific5ce ! _w ov]4 ,9 color granite v>ies f light gray1 :5 x %9es l silv] ^u ! high summits1 to w>m rose or d>k gray1 ! r$s dep5d+ ^u ! proportion ( feldsp> 9 its composition4 ,x produces sc5ic effects v diff]5t inde$ f ^? result+ f volcanic & s$im5t>y rocks4 ,:ile x bulks hugely 9 ! high] m\nta9s1 runn+ to enorm\s r\nd$ masses bel[ ! level ( ! glaci]s1 & to jagg$ spires & p9nacl$ walls ^u ! l(tie/ peaks1 x is f\nd also 9 _m regions ( hill & pla94 ,x is "o ( our commone/ ,am]ican rocks4 ,mu* ( ! l(tie/ & noble/ sc5]y ( ! _w is wr\ght 9 granite4 ,! ,alps1 ! ,&es1 & ! ,himalayas1 all ( :i* are _w-celebrat$ = _! l(ty gr&eur1 are prevail+ly granite4 ,!y ab\nd 9 t[]+ peaks1 bri/l+ ridges1 & t]rify+ precipices4 ,_! glacial cirques are girt ) fanta/ically too!d & p9nacl$ walls4 ,?is is true ( all granite ranges :i* are l(ty en\gh to ma9ta9 glaci]s4 ,^! are1 9 fact1 ! v *>act]i/ics ( ,alp9e1 ,&ean1 ,himalayan1 ,si]ran1 ,alaskan1 & ,rocky ,m\nta9 summit l&scape4 ,x is :y granite m\nta9s are ! favorites ( ^? d>+ climb]s ^: ambition is to equal e/abli%$ records & make new ones2 & ?is 9 turn is :y "s m\nta9 neighborhoods become s mu* m celebrat$ ?an o!rs :i* are q z f9e1 or f9]--because1 ,i mean1 ( ! publicity giv5 to ?is k9d ( m\nta9 climb+1 & ( ! unw>rant$ assumption t ! m\nta9s associat$ ) ^! exploits necess>ily excel o!rs 9 sublimity4 ,z a matt] ( fact1 ! accid5t ( fa%ion has ev5 m to d ) ! fame ( m\nta9s ?an ( m54 ,b by no means all granite m\nta9s are l(ty4 ,! ,:ite ,m\nta9s1 = example1 :i* p>allel our nor!a/]n coa/1 & are f> old] ?an ! ,rockies & ! ,si]ra1 are a l[ granite range1 ) few ( ! *>act]i/ics ( ^? m\nta9s :i* lift _! heads among ! p]petual sn[s4 ,on ! contr>y1 !y t5d to r\nd$ =e/$ summits & knobby peaks4 ,?is results 9 "p f a long] subjection ( ! rock surface to ! erod+ influ5ce ( successive fro/s & ra9s ?an is ! case ) high ranges :i* are p]petually lock$ 9 fro/4 ,besides1 ! ice %eets :i* plan$ (f ! nor!rn "p ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates lopp$ away _! highe/ p>ts4 ,!re are also millions ( squ>e miles ( erod$ granite :i* are n m\nta9s at all4 ,^! t5d to roll+ surfaces4 ,! sc5ic =ms assum$ by granite w be bett] appreciat$ :5 "o und]/&s h[ x ent]s l&scape4 ,! pr9cipal "o ( _m igne\s rocks1 x is liquefi$ "u int5se heat & aft]w>d cool$ "u pressure4 ,mu* ( ! e>?'s cru/ 0 once und]laid by granites 9 a m or less fluid /ate4 ,:5 t]rific int]nal pressures caus$ ! e>?'s cru/ to fold & make m\nta9s1 ?is liquefi$ granite invad$ ! folds & pu%$ close up "u ! highe/ elevations4 ,!re x cool$4 ,?\s&s ( c5turies lat]1 :5 erosion _h worn away ^! m\nta9 cre/s1 !re lay reveal$ ! solid granite core :i* fro/ & glaci] h s9ce trans=m$ into ! bri/l+ ramp>ts ( to-day's l&scape4 ,,ii ,,yosemite1 ,,! ,,incomp>able ,,yosemite ,,national ,,p>k1 ,,middle ,,ea/]n ,,cali=nia4 ,,area1 #a1abe ,,squ>e ,,miles ,! fir/ emotion inspir$ by ! sight ( ,yosemite is surprise4 ,no previ\s prep>ation makes ! m9d ready = ! actual revelation4 ,! h>de/ prelim9>y read+ & ! close/ /udy ( photographs1 ev5 famili>ity ) o!r m\nta9s z l(ty1 or l(ti]1 fail to dull "o's fir/ a/oni%m5t4 ,h>d on ! heels ( a/oni%m5t comes realization ( ! p>k's supreme beauty4 ,x is ( its own k9d1 )\t comp>ison1 z individual z t ( ! ,gr& ,canyon or ! ,glaci] ,national ,p>k4 ,no s+le visit w beg9 to reveal its sublimity2 "o mu/ g away & return to look aga9 ) re/$ eyes4 ,its devotees gr[ 9 appreciative enjoym5t ) repeat$ summ]+s4 ,ev5 ,john ,muir1 life /ud5t1 int]pret]1 & apo/le ( ! ,si]ra1 confess$ t[>d ! close ( 8 _m ye>s t ! ,valley's quality ( lovel9ess cont9u$ to surprise him at ea* r5ewal4 ,& la/ly comes ! high] emotion :i* is born ( k4 ,x is only :5 "o reads 9 ^! inspir$ rocks ! /irr+ /ory ( _! mak+ t pleasure rea*es its fulness4 ,! add$ joy ( ! collector ^u f9d+ t ! unsign$ canvas1 :i* he b\ght only = its beauty1 is ! lo/ "w ( a great ma/]1 & 0 associat$ ) ! romance ( a fam\s pa/ is "h duplicat$4 ,writt5 hi/ory nev] 0 m romantic nor m graphically told ?an t :i* ,nature has inscrib$ ^u ! walls ( ^! va/ canyons1 domes & monoli?s 9 a language :i* man has le>n$ to read4 ,i ,! ,yosemite ,national ,p>k lies on ! we/]n slope ( ! ,si]ra ,nevada ,m\nta9s 9 ,cali=nia1 ne>ly ea/ ( ,san ,francisco4 ,! sn[y cre/ ( ! ,si]ra1 belly+ irregul>ly ea/w>d to a climax among ! jagg$ granites & gale-swept glaci]s ( ,m\nt ,lyell1 =ms its ea/]n b\nd>y4 ,f ?is ! p>k slopes rapidly ?irty miles or m we/w>d to ! he>t ( ! w>m luxuriant zone ( ! giant sequoias4 ,?is slope includes 9 its elev5 hundr$ & tw5ty-five squ>e miles "s ( ! highe/ sc5ic examples 9 ! wide gamut ( ,si]ra gr&eur4 ,x is impossible to ent] x )\t exaltation ( _s1 or describe x )\t sup]lative4 ,a v l>ge proportion ( ,yosemite's visitors see no?+ m ?an ! ,valley1 yet no consid]ation is t5able :i* conceives ! ,valley z o!r ?an a small "p ( ! national p>k4 ,! two are insep>able4 ,"o does n speak ( kn[+ ! ,l\vre :o has se5 only ! ,v5us de ,milo1 or ,/4 ,m>k's :o has look$ only ^u its horses4 ,consid]$ z a :ole1 ! p>k is a sagg+ pla9 ( solid granite1 hung f ,si]ra's saw-too!d cre/1 brok5 into divides & transv]se m\nta9 ranges1 punctur$ by volcanic summits1 ga%$ & bitt5 by prehi/oric glaci]s1 dott$ ne> its summits ) glacial lakes1 furr[$ by innum]able cascad+ /reams :i* comb9e 9 s++ riv]s1 :i*1 9 turn1 furr[ great] canyons1 "s ( maje/ic dep? & gr&eur4 ,x is a l& ( t[]+ spires & ambiti\s summits1 s]rat$ cirques1 enorm\s isolat$ rock masses1 r\nd$ granite domes1 poli%$ granite pavem5ts1 l(ty precipices1 & long1 %imm]+ wat]falls4 ,b>e & gale-ridd5 ne> its cre/1 ! p>k desc5ds 9 ?irty miles ?r\gh all ! zones & gradations ( animal & vegetable life ?r\gh :i* "o w\ld pass 9 travell+ f ! ice-b\nd %ores ( ! ,arctic ,ocean ! cont95t's l5g? to ,m>iposa ,grove4 ,its tree sequ5ce tells ! /ory4 ,above timb]-l9e !re are none b in*-high will[s & flat1 p9ey gr[?s1 m+l$ ) t9y arctic fl[]s1 :i* %r9k 9 size ) elevation2 ev5 ! %elt]$ spots on ,lyell's l(ty summit h _! color$ li*5s1 & _! almo/ microscopic bloom4 ,at timb]-l9e1 l[1 wiry %rubs int]weave _! bran*es to defy ! gales1 m]g+ l[] d[n into a tangle ( _m /unt$ gr[?s1 f :i* spr+ twi/$ p9es & contort$ spruces1 :i* ! w9ds curve to leew>d or b5d at %>p angles1 or spread 9 full developm5t z pro/rate ^u ! gr\nd z ! m\nta9 lion's sk9 ^u ! home floor ( 8 slay]4 ,desc5d+ into ! great area ( ! ,canadian zone1 ) its ?\s& wild valleys1 its %9+ lakes1 its ro>+ creeks & plung+ riv]s1 ! zone ( ! angl]1 ! hik]1 & ! camp]-out1 we ent] =e/s ( v>i\s p9es1 ( silv] fir1 hemlock1 ag$ hump-back$ junip]1 & ! species ( :ite p9e :i* ,cali=nians wrongly call tam>ack4 ,?is is ! p>adise ( outdoor liv+2 x almo/ nev] ra9s betwe5 ,june & ,octob]4 ,! =e/s fill ! valley floors1 ?9n+ rapidly z !y climb ! m\nta9 slopes2 !y spot ) p9e gre5 ! broad1 %9+ plateaus1 root+ :]e !y f9d ! soil1 leav+ unclo!d innum]able gli/5+ areas ( poli%$ uncrack$ granite2 a /rik+ *>act]i/ic ( ,yosemite upl&s4 ,f an altitude ( sev5 or eight ?\s& feet1 ! ,canadian zone =e/s beg9 gradually to m]ge into ! ri*] =e/s ( ! ,transition zone bel[4 ,! t[]+ sug> p9e1 ! giant yell[ p9e1 ! ,d\glas fir1 & a score ( decidu\s gr[?s--live oaks1 bays1 popl>s1 dogwoods1 maples--beg9 to appe> & become m frequ5t ) desc5t1 until1 two ?\s& feet or m bel[1 !y comb9e into ! bright /up5d\s =e/s :]e1 9 specially favor$ groves1 ,k+ ,sequoia holds 8 royal c\rt4 ,wild fl[]s1 birds1 & animals also run ! gamut ( ! zones4 ,among ! sn[s & alp9e fl[]ets ( ! summits are f\nd ! pt>migan & rosy f9* ( ! ,arctic circle1 & 9 ! summit cirques & on ! %ores ( ! glacial lakes :i/les ! m\nta9 m>mot4 ,! ri*ness & v>iety ( wild fl[] life 9 all zones1 ea* ( its *>act]i/ic k9d1 a/oni%es ! visitor new to ! ,am]ican wild]ness4 ,e mead[ is ablaze ) gorge\s color+1 e copse & sunny holl[1 riv] bank & rocky bottom1 becomes pa9t$ 9 turn ! hue appropriate to ! *ang+ seasons4 ,n[ blues prevail 9 ! kaleidoscopic display1 n[ p9ks1 n[ r$s1 n[ yell[s4 ,exp]i5ce ( o!r national p>ks w %[ t ! ,yosemite is no exception2 all are g>d5s ( wild fl[]s4 ,! ,yosemite & ! ,sequoia are1 h[ev]1 ! exclusive possessors among ! p>ks ( a rem>kably %[y fl[]+ plant1 ! brilliant1 r>e1 sn[-plant4 ,s lur+ is ! r$ pill> :i* ! sn[-plant lifts a foot or m above ! %ady m\ld1 & s easily is x de/roy$1 t1 to keep x f ext9ction1 ! gov]nm5t f9es covet\s visitors = e fl[] pick$4 ,! birds are ^? ( ,cali=nia--_m1 prolific1 & songful4 ,ducks raise _! summ] broods fe>lessly on ! lakes4 ,geese visit f _! di/ant homes4 ,cranes & h]ons fi% ! /reams4 ,e tree has its soloi/1 e =e/ its gr& *orus4 ,! glades res\nd ) ! tapp+ ( woodpeck]s4 ,! :irr ( />tl$ w+s accompanies passage ?r\gh e wood4 ,to "o :o has l+]$ 9 ! =e/s to wat* & to li/51 x is h>d to acc\nt = ! wide-spread fable t ! ,yosemite is birdless4 ,no d\bt1 happy talkative t\ri/s1 9 companies & regim5ts1 afoot & m\nt$1 drive bird & bea/ alike to sil5t cov]--& comm5t on ! lifeless =e/s4 ,! :ole range1 f foo?ill to summit1 is %ak5 into song e summ]1 wrote ,john ,muir1 to :om birds 7 ! lov$ companions ( a lifetime ( ,si]ra summ]s1 &1 ?\gh l[ & ?9 9 w9t]1 ! music nev] ceases4 ,!re are two birds :i* ! unhurri$ travell] w soon "k well4 ,"o is ! big1 noisy1 gaudy ,cl>k cr[1 ^: swift flight & companionable squawk are famili> to all :o t\r ! high] levels4 ,! o!r is ! fri5dly camp robb]1 :o1 ) enc\ragem5t1 n only w %>e y\r camp lun*eon1 b w gobble ! lion's %>e4 ,( ! _m wild animals1 rang+ 9 size f ! great1 p[]ful1 timid grizzly be>1 n[ almo/ ext9ct "h1 ^: ,indian "n1 by ! way1 is ,yosemite1 to ! t9y %rew ( ! l[l&s1 ! mo/ frequ5tly se5 are ! black or br[n be>1 & ! de]1 bo? ( :i*1 z comp>$ ) _! k9d 9 neighborhoods :]e hunt+ is p]mitt$1 are unt]rifi$ if n fri5dly4 ,not)/&+ its able protection1 ! ,yosemite w ne$ g5]ations to recov] f ! hide\s slaught] :i*1 9 a score or two ( ye>s1 d5ud$ ,am]ica ( h] spl5did h]itage ( wild animal life4 ,( ! sev]al c>nivora1 ! coyote alone is occasionally se5 by visitors4 ,wolves & m\nta9 lions1 prime enemies ( ! de] & m\nta9 %eep1 are h>d to f9d1 ev5 :5 (ficially hunt$ 9 ! w9t] ) dogs tra9$ = ! purpose4 ,,ii ,! ,yosemite ,valley is ! he>t ( ! national p>k4 ,n only is x ! natural entrance & abid+ place1 ! liv+-room1 s to speak1 ! c5tral po9t f :i* all p>ts ( ! p>k are mo/ com=tably accessible2 x is also typical 9 "s s5se ( ! ,si]ra z a :ole1 & is easily ! mo/ beautiful valley 9 ! _w4 ,x is difficult to analyze ! quality ( ! ,valley's beauty4 ,!re are1 z ,muir says1 _m ,yosemites 9 ! ,si]ra4 ,! ,het* ,het*y ,valley1 9 ! nor!rn "p ( ! p>k1 :i* be>s ! same relation to ! ,tuolumne ,riv] t ! ,yosemite ,valley be>s to ! ,m]c$1 is sc>cely less 9 size1 ri*ness1 & ! height & magnific5ce ( its c>v$ walls4 ,scores ( o!r valleys1 simil> except = size1 ab\nd nor? & s\?1 :i* are1 sci5tifically & 9 ,muir's mean+1 ,yosemites2 t is1 !y are pauses 9 _! riv]s' headlong ru%1 once lakes1 dug by ru%+ wat]s1 squ>$ & poli%$ by succe$+ glaci]s1 *isell$ & ornam5t$ by ! fro/s & ra9s :i* prec$$ & foll[$ ! glaci]s4 ,muir is "r1 = all ^! are ,yosemites2 b he is wrong1 = !re is only "o ,yosemite4 ,x is n ! giant monoli?s t e/abli% ! incomp>able ,valley's _w supremacy2 ,het* ,het*y1 ,tehipite1 ,k+s1 & o!rs h _! giants1 too4 ,x is n its t[]+1 p]p5dicul>1 s]rat$ walls2 ! ,si]ra has else:]e1 too1 an ov]:elm+ exhibit ( titanic granite c>v+s4 ,x is n its wat]falls1 ?\gh ^! are ! highe/1 by f>1 9 ! _w1 nor its broad1 peaceful bottoms1 nor its dramatic vi/as1 nor ! cav]n\s dep?s ( its tortu\s tribut>y canyons4 ,its secret is selection & comb9ation4 ,l all supremacy1 ,yosemite's lies 9 ! inspir$ proportion+ ( c>efully *os5 elem5ts4 ,h]e9 is its real wond]1 = ! m c>efully "o analyzes ! beauty ( ! ,yosemite ,valley1 ! m difficult x is to conceive its ensemble ! *ance ( ,nature's function+ r ?an ! ma/] product ( supreme arti/ry4 ,entrance to ! ,yosemite by tra9 is f ! we/1 by automobile f ea/ & we/ bo?4 ,f :atev] direction1 ! ,valley is ! fir/ objective1 = ! hotels are !re4 ,x is ! ,valley1 !n1 :i* we mu/ see fir/4 ,nature's arti/ic contrivance is app>5t ev5 9 ! entrance4 ,! tra9-ride f ! ma9 l9e at ,m]c$ is a con/ant up-valley progress1 f a hot1 treeless pla9 to ! he>t ( ! great1 cool =e/4 ,expectation keeps pace4 ,*ang+ to automobile at ,el ,portal1 "o quickly ent]s ! p>k4 ,a few miles ( =e/ & behold--! ,gates ( ! ,valley4 ,el ,capitan1 huge1 gli/5+1 rises ^u ! left1 #c1jjj feet above ! valley floor4 ,at fir/ sight its bulk almo/ appalls4 ,opposite ^u ! "r ,ca!dral ,rocks support ! ,bridal ,veil ,fall1 %imm]+1 filmy1 a fairy ?+4 ,betwe5 !m1 9 ! di/ance1 lies ! unkn[n4 ,progress up ! valley makes con/antly = climax4 ,se5 pres5tly broadside on1 ,el ,capitan bulks d\ble1 at lea/4 ,opposite1 ! valley bellies4 ,ca!dral ,rocks & ! m$iaeval t[]s kn[n z ,ca!dral ,spires1 are enclos$ 9 a bay1 :i* culm9ates 9 ! impressive ne$le kn[n z ,s5t9el ,rock--all ri*ly ,go?ic4 ,meantime ! broad5$ valley1 ano!r /rong contra/ 9 p]fect key1 delightfully alt]nates ) =e/ & mead[1 & ?r\gh x ! quiet ,m]c$ twi/s & d\bles l a gli/5+ snake4 ,& !n we come to ! ,?ree ,bro!rs4 ,already "s notion ( preconception has possess$ ! obs]v]4 ,x c\ld n h be5 *ance :i* set (f ! filmy ,bridal ,veil aga9/ ,el ,capitan's bulk2 :i* design$ ! ,go?ic climax ( ,s5t9el ,rock2 :i* wondr\sly proportion$ ! consecutive masses ( ! ,?ree ,bro!rs2 :i* made ,el ,capitan1 n[ look$ back ^u aga9/ a new backgr\nd1 a new & appropriate creation1 a ?+ ( brilliance & beauty in/ead ( bulk1 mighty ( mass1 p[]ful 9 %ape & poise1 yet my/]i\sly delicate & unreal4 ,z we pass on ) rapidly increas+ excitem5t to ! supreme climax at ! ,valley's head1 :]e ga!r toge!r ,glaci] ,po9t1 ,yosemite ,falls ( unbelievable height & graci\sness1 ! ,royal ,ar*es1 manife/ly a c>v+1 ! gulf-l entrances ( ,t5aya & ! ,m]c$ ,canyons1 & above all1 & p]vad+ all1 ! di/+ui%$ my/]i\s p]sonality ( ,half ,dome1 presid+ prie/ ( ?is ,ca!dral ( ,beauty1 aga9 !re /eals ov] u ! uneasy suspicion ( supreme design4 ,h[ c\ld ,nature h happ5$ ^u ! p]fect composition1 ! flawless te*nique1 ! div9e inspiration ( ?is ma/]piece ( m ?an human art8 ,is x n1 9 fact1 ! ma/] temple ( ! ,ma/] ,ar*itect8 ,illu/ration3 ,f a photograph by ,j4,t4 ,boys5 ,,el ,,capitan1 ,,survivor ,,( ,,! ,,glaci]s ,look+ ea/w>d up ! ,yosemite ,valley1 ,half ,dome is se5 on ! "r horizon ,to appreciate ! ,valley we mu/ consid] c]ta9 details4 ,x is eight miles long1 & f half a mile to a mile wide4 ,once prehi/oric ,lake ,yosemite1 its floor is z level z a ball field1 & except = occasional mead[s1 gr&ly =e/$4 ,! s9u\s ,m]c$ is =e/$ to its edges 9 its upp] rea*es1 b l[] d[n occasionally w&]s ?r\gh broad1 bloom+ op5s4 ,! rock walls are d>k pe>l-hu$ granite1 dott$ ) p9es :]ev] clefts or l$ges exi/ capable ( support+ !m2 ev5 ,el ,capitan c>ries its p9e-tree half way up its smoo? precipice4 ,frequ5tly ! walls are %e]2 !y look s ev]y:]e4 ,! valley's altitude is #d1jjj feet4 ,! walls rise f #b1jjj to #f1jjj feet high]2 ! av]age is a little m ?an #c1jjj feet above ! valley floor2 ,s5t9el ,dome & ,m\nt ,watk9s some:at exce$ #d1jjj feet2 ,half ,dome ne>ly atta9s #e1jjj feet2 ,cl\d's ,re/ so>s ne>ly #f1jjj feet4 ,two l>ge tr5*-l canyons ent] ! valley at its head1 "o on ei!r side ( ,half ,dome4 ,t5aya ,canyon ent]s f ! ea/ 9 l9e ) ! valley1 look+ z if x 7 ! ,valley's upp] rea*4 ,m]c$ ,canyon ent]s f ! s\? aft] curv+ ar\nd ! ea/ & s\? sides ( ,half ,dome4 ,bo? are extremely deep4 ,half ,dome's #e1jjj feet =m "o side ( ea* canyon2 ,m\nt ,watk9's #d1cjj feet =m ! nor? side ( ,t5aya ,canyon1 ,glaci] ,po9t's #c1bjj feet ! we/ side ( ,m]c$ ,canyon4 ,bo? canyons are sup]bly wood$ at _! outlets1 & lead rapidly up to timb]-l9e4 ,bo? c>ry important trails f ! ,valley floor to ! great] p>k above ! rim4 ,to ?is sett+ add ! wat]falls & ! sc5e is complete4 ,!y are ! highe/ 9 ! _w4 ,ea* is m>k$ly individualiz$2 no two resemble ea* o!r4 ,yet1 ) ! exception ( ! ,v]nal ,fall1 all h a common note2 all are =m$ ( comp>atively small /reams dropp+ f great heights2 all are w9d-bl[n ribbons end+ 9 cl\ds ( mi/4 ,!y are s di/ribut$ t "o or m are visible f mo/ p>ts ( ! ,valley & its surr\nd+ rim4 ,m ?an any o!r feature1 !y diff]5tiate & di/+ui% ! ,yosemite4 ,! fir/ ( ! falls enc\nt]$1 ,bridal ,veil1 is a p]fect example ( ! valley type4 ,a small /ream p\r+ ov] a p]p5dicul> wall drops six hundr$ & tw5ty feet into a volume ( mi/4 ,! mi/1 ( c\rse1 is ! bridal veil4 ,h[ mu* ( ! wat] rea*es ! bottom z wat] is a matt] ( int]e/+ speculation4 ,?is & ! cond5s$ mi/s rea* ! riv] ?r\gh a delta ( five small brooks4 ,z a spectacle ! ,bridal ,veil ,fall is unsurpass$4 ,! delicacy ( its beauty1 ev5 9 ! high wat] ( e>ly summ]1 is unequall$ by any wat]fall ,i h se54 ,a ra9b[ frequ5tly gleams l a color$ rosette 9 ! mass$ *iffon ( ! bride's tra94 ,s pleas+ are its proportions t x is difficult to believe ! fall ne>ly f\r times ! height ( ,niag>a4 ,illu/ration3 ,f a photograph by ,j4,t4 ,boys5 ,,half ,,dome1 ,,yosemite',s ,,hood$ ,,monk ,ris+ ne>ly f\r ?\s& feet above ! valley floor2 ! view is up ,t5aya ,canyon to ! ,high ,si]ra ,! ,ribbon ,fall1 directly opposite ,bridal ,veil1 a little we/ ( ,el ,capitan1 mu/ be m5tion$ because = a :ile 9 e>ly spr+ its sixte5 hundr$ foot drop is a spectacle ( rem>kable gr&eur4 ,x is m]ely ! run ( a sn[-field :i* disappe>s 9 ,june4 ,!reaft] a d>k p]p5dicul> /a9 on ! cliff m>ks its position4 ,ano!r m9or fall1 ?is f ! s\? rim1 is t ( ,s5t9el ,creek4 ,x is se5 f ! road at ! "r ( ,s5t9el ,rock1 dropp+ five hundr$ feet 9 "o leap ( sev]al :i* aggregate two ?\s& feet4 ,next 9 progress come ,yosemite ,falls1 l(tie/ by f> 9 ! _w1 a spectacle ( sublimity4 ,^! falls divide ) ,half ,dome ! honors ( ! upp] ,valley4 ,! trem5d\s plunge ( ! ,upp] ,fall1 & ! magnific5ce ( ! two falls 9 app>5t ne> cont9uation z se5 f ! pr9cipal po9ts ( elevation on ! valley floor1 =m a spectacle ( extraord9>y di/9ction4 ,!y vie ) ,yosemite's two great rocks1 ,el ,capitan & ,half ,dome1 = lead]%ip among ! individual sc5ic features ( ! cont95t4 ,! ,upp] ,fall p\rs ov] ! rim at a po9t ne>ly tw5ty-six hundr$ feet above ! valley floor4 ,its %e] drop is f\rte5 hundr$ & ?irty feet1 ! equal ( n9e ,niag>as4 ,two-fif?s ( a mile s\? ( its foot1 ! ,l[] ,fall drops ?ree hundr$ & tw5ty feet m4 ,f ! cre/ ( ! ,upp] ,fall to ! foot ( ! ,l[] ,fall lacks a little ( half a mile4 ,f ! foot ( ! ,l[] ,fall1 aft] foam+ d[n ! talus1 ,yosemite ,creek1 seem+ a ridicul\sly small /ream to h produc$ s mon/r\s a spectacle1 slips quietly across a half mile ( level valley to lose itself 9 ! ,m]c$4 ,f ! floods ( late ,may :5 ! ?und] ( fall+ wat] fills ! valley & w9d[s rattle a mile away1 to ! ,octob] dr\ght :5 ! sl5d] ribbon is little m ?an mi/1 ! ,upp] ,yosemite ,fall is a ?+ ( _m moods & inf9ite beauty4 ,se5 f above & opposite at ,glaci] ,po9t1 sideways & m di/antly f ! summit ( ,cl\d's ,re/1 /raight on f ! valley floor1 upw>ds f ! foot ( ! ,l[] ,fall1 upw>ds aga9 f its own foot1 & d[nw>ds f ! ov]hang+ br9k t[>d :i* ! creek idles c>elessly to ! v /ep-(f ( its fe>ful leap1 ! ,fall nev] loses = a mom5t its p[] to amaze4 ,x draws & holds ! eye z ! magnet does ! iron4 ,look+ up f bel[ "o is fasc9at$ by ! extreme leisurel9ess ( its motion4 ,! wat] does n seem to fall2 x floats2 a pebble dropp$ alongside surely w\ld rea* bottom 9 half ! "t4 ,speculat+ ^u ?is appe>ance1 "o guesses t ! air ret>ds ! wat]'s drop1 b ?is idea is quickly dispell$ by ! obs]vation t ! solid inn] body drops no fa/] ?an ! out] spray4 ,x is long be=e ! wond]+ obs]v] p]ceives t he is ! victim ( an illusion2 t ! wat] falls normally2 t x appe>s to desc5d ) less ?an natural spe$ only because ( ! extreme height ( ! fall1 ! eye naturally apply+ /&>ds to :i* x has be5 accu/om$ 9 view+ falls ( ord9>y size4 ,on w9dy days ! ,upp] ,fall sw+s f ! br9k l a p5dulum ( silv] & mi/4 ,back & =? x la%es l a horse's tail4 ,! gu/s lop (f puffy cl\ds ( mi/ :i* dissipate 9 air4 ,muir tells ( p[]ful w9t] gales driv+ head on aga9/ ! cliff1 :i* break ! fall 9 its middle & hold x 9 susp5se4 ,once he saw ! w9d d\ble ! fall back ov] its own br9k4 ,muir1 by ! way1 once tri$ to pass beh9d ! ,upp] ,fall at its foot1 b 0 ne>ly cru%$4 ,by contra/ ) ! l(ty temp]am5tal ,upp] ,fall1 ! ,l[] ,fall appe>s a smug & /eady pigmy4 ,9 su* company1 = bo? are always se5 toge!r1 x is h>d to realize t ! ,l[] ,fall is twice ! height ( ,niag>a4 ,comp>+ ,yosemite's ?ree mo/ conspicu\s features1 ^! gigantic falls seem to appeal ev5 m to ! imag9ation ?an to ! s5se ( beauty4 ,el ,capitan1 on ! o!r h&1 sugge/s maje/y1 ord]1 proportion1 & p[]2 x has its _m devotees4 ,half ,dome sugge/s my/]y2 to _m x symbolizes wor%ip4 ,( ^! ?ree1 ,half ,dome easily is ! mo/ popul>4 ,?ree m w complete ! ,valley's li/ ( notable wat]falls4 ,all ( ^! lie up ! ,m]c$ ,canyon4 ,illil\ette1 ?ree hundr$ & sev5ty feet 9 height1 ent]s f ! we/1 a fro?+ fall ( great beauty1 h>d to see4 ,v]nal & ,nevada ,falls c>ry ! ,m]c$ ,riv] ov] /eep /eps 9 its rapid progress f ! upp] levels to ! valley floor4 ,! only exception to ! valley type1 ,v]nal ,fall1 :i* "s consid] ! mo/ beautiful ( all1 & :i* c]ta9ly is ! prettie/1 is a curta9 ( wat] ?ree hundr$ & sev5te5 feet high1 & ( pleas+ bread?4 ,! ,nevada ,fall1 ?ree-fif?s ( a mile above1 a maje/ic drop ( ne>ly six hundr$ feet1 %oots wat]y rockets f its br9k4 ,x is full-run1 p[]ful1 impressive1 & highly individualiz$4 ,) _m x is ! favorite wat]fall ( ,yosemite4 ,9 %>p contra/ ) ^! valley sc5es is ! view f ,glaci] ,po9t d[n into ! ,m]c$ & ,t5aya ,canyons1 & out ov] ! magical p>k l&scape to ! sn[-capp$ m\nta9s ( ! ,high ,si]ra4 ,two trails lead f ! valley up to ,glaci] ,po9t1 & high ^u ! precipice1 ?ree ?\s& feet above ! valley floor1 is a picturesque hotel2 x is also rea*$ by road4 ,"h "o may sit at ease on %ady por*es & ov]look "o ( ! mo/ ext5d$1 v>i$ & romantic views 9 ! _w ( sc5]y4 ,"o may take d9n] on ?is por* & h sunset s]v$ ) dess]t & ! aft]gl[ ) c(fee4 ,"h aga9 "o is haunt$ by ! sugge/ion ( arti/ic int5tion1 s happy is ! composition ( ?is extraord9>y picture4 ,! =egr\nd is ! d>k1 trem5d\s gulf ( ,m]c$ ,canyon1 reliev$ by ! silv] %imm] ( ,v]nal & ,nevada ,falls4 ,f ?is 9 middle di/ance rises1 9 ! c5tre ( ! canvas1 ! loom+ trem5d\s p]sonality ( ,half ,dome1 "h se5 9 pr(ile /rongly sugge/+ a monk ) out/ret*$ arms bless+ ! valley at close ( day4 ,beyond /ret*es ! horizon ( fam\s1 sn[y1 glaci]-%r\d$ m\nta9s1 gold5 9 sunset gl[4 ,,iii ,e summ] _m ?\s&s ( visitors ga!r 9 ,yosemite4 ,mo/ ( !m1 ( c\rse1 come t\ri/-fa%ion1 to glimpse x all 9 a day or two or ?ree4 ,a few ?\s&s come = long en\gh to ta/e mo/ ( x1 or really to see a little4 ,few]1 b /ill increas+ly _m1 are ^? :o come to live a little ) ,yosemite2 among ^! we f9d ! lov]s ( nature1 ! poets1 ! se]s1 ! dream]s1 & ! /ud5ts4 ,liv+ is v pleasant 9 ! ,yosemite4 ,! fre$om f /orm dur+ ! long season1 ! dry w>m? ( ! days & ! coldness ( ! nights1 ! inspiration ( ! surr\nd+s & ! complet5ess ( ! equipm5t = ! com=t ( visitors make x extraord9>y among m\nta9 resorts4 ,!re is a hotel 9 ! ,valley1 & ano!r ^u ! rim at ,glaci] ,po9t4 ,!re are ?ree l>ge hotel-camps 9 ! ,valley1 :]e "o may h hotel com=ts "u canvas at camp prices4 ,two ( ^! hotel-camps possess swimm+ pools1 danc+ pavilions1 t5nis c\rts electrically light$ = night play1 hot & cold-wat] tubs & %[]s1 & excell5t table s]vice4 ,"o ( ! hotel-camps1 ! l>ge/1 provides ev5+ lectures1 song s]vices1 & a g5]al atmosph]e sugge/ive ( ,*atauqua4 ,/ill a ?ird is = ^? :o pref] quiet retirem5t & ! tradition ( old-fa%ion$ camp life4 ,above ! valley rim1 besides ! excell5t hotel ^u ,glaci] ,po9t1 !re are at ?is writ+ hotel-camps equipp$ ) _m hotel com=ts1 includ+ ba?s1 at su* outly+ po9ts z ,m]c$ ,lake & ,t5aya ,lake2 ! =m] c5t]+ ! m\nta9 climb+ & tr\t fi%+ ( ! /up5d\s region on ! s\?we/ slope ( ! p>k1 & ! latt] ! key to ! entire magnific5t region ( ! ,tuolumne4 ,^! camps are rea*$ by m\nta9 trail1 ,t5aya ,lake ,camp also by motor road4 ,! hotel-camp sy/em is plann$ = wide ext5sion z gr[+ dem& w>rants4 ,!re are also hotels outside p>k limits on ! s\? & we/ :i* connect ) ! p>k roads & trails4 ,! roads1 by ! way1 are fair4 ,?ree ent] f ! we/1 c5t]+ at ,yosemite ,village 9 ! ,valley2 "o f ! s\? by way ( ! celebrat$ ,m>iposa ,grove ( giant sequoias2 "o f ,el ,portal1 t]m9us ( ! ,yosemite ,railway2 & "o f ! nor?1 by way ( sev]al small] sequoia groves1 connect+ directly ) ! ,tioga ,road4 ,above ! valley rim & nor? ( x1 ! ,tioga ,road crosses ! national p>k & em]ges at ,mono ,lake on ! ea/1 hav+ cross$ ! ,si]ra ov] ,tioga ,pass on ! p>k b\nd>y4 ,! ,tioga ,road1 :i* 0 built 9 #ahha1 on ! site ( ! ,mono ,trail1 to connect a gold m9e we/ ( :at has s9ce become ! national p>k ) roads ea/ ( ! ,si]ra1 0 pur*as$ 9 #aiae by patriotic lov]s ( ! ,yosemite & giv5 to ! ,gov]nm5t4 ,! m9e hav+ soon fail$1 ! road _h be5 impassable = _m ye>s4 ,repair$ ) gov]nm5t money x has become ! pr9cipal highway ( ! p>k & ! key to its future developm5t4 ,! increase 9 motor travel to ! ,yosemite f all p>ts ( ! c\ntry :i* began ! summ] foll[+ ! ,great ,w>1 has made ?is gift "o ( gr[+ importance4 ,x af=ds a new r\te across ! ,si]ra4 ,b hotels & hotel-camps1 :ile accommodat+ ! great majority ( visitors1 by no means %elt] all4 ,^? :o camp out "u _! own canvas are likely to be ,yosemite's mo/ appreciative devotees4 ,! camp+-out colony lives 9 riv]side groves 9 ! upp] rea*es ( ! ,valley1 ! ,gov]nm5t assign+ locations )\t *>ge4 ,_m families make p]man5t summ] homes "h1 /or+ equipm5t betwe5 seasons 9 ! village4 ,o!rs hire equipm5t complete1 f t5ts to salt-cell>s1 on ! spot4 ,"s :o come to ! hotels f9i% ! season "u hir$ canvas1 & next season come ) _! own4 ,an increas+ numb] come 9 c>s1 :i* !y keep 9 local g>ages or p>k ne> _! canvas homes4 ,liv+ is easy & n exp5sive 9 ^! camp homes4 ,midday temp]atures are seasonable1 & nights are always cool4 ,z x does n ra91 t5ts are concessions to habit2 _m pref] sleep+ "u ! trees4 ,m>kets 9 ! village supply meats1 vegetables1 milk1 bread1 & groc]ies at prices regulat$ by ,gov]nm5t1 & deliv] !m at y\r kit*5 t5t4 ,%ops furni% all o!r reasonable ne$s4 ,x is n camp+ out z commonly conceiv$2 y are liv+ at home on ! banks ( ! ,m]c$1 "u ! morn+ %ad[ ( ,half ,dome1 & )9 sight ( ,yosemite ,falls4 ,f ^! ,valley homes "o rides into ! ,high ,si]ra on horses hir$ f ! gov]nm5t concession]1 t\rs to ! ,tuolumne ,mead[s or ! ,m>iposa ,grove by automobile1 w&]s long summ] aft]noons 9 ! ,valley1 climbs ! great rocks & domes1 picnics by moonlight "u ! %imm]+ falls or b5ea? ! %9+ t[] ( ,el ,capitan1 explores fam\s fi%+ wat]s above ! rim1 &1 on frivol\s ev5+s1 dances or looks at motion pictures at ! great] hotel-camps4 ,no wond] t camp homes 9 ! ,yosemite are gr[+ 9 popul>ity4 ,,iv ,! trail travell] f9ds ! trails ! be/ 9 ! c\ntry1 & z good z ! be/ 9 ! _w2 !y are ! models = ! national sy/em4 ,compet5t guides1 horses1 supplies1 & equipm5t are easy to hire at regulat$ prices 9 ! village4 ,z = ! field1 !re is none nobl] or m v>i$ 9 ! _w4 ,!re are doz5s ( divides1 scores ( t[]+1 sn[-spla%$ peaks1 hundr$s ( noble valleys & %9+ lakes1 ?\s&s ( cascad+ /reams1 great & small1 f ^: dep?s fight+ tr\t rise to ! ca/ fly4 ,!re are passes to be cross$ :i* c>ry "o ?r\gh conc5tric cirques ( too!d granite to ridges f :i* ! ,high ,si]ra spreads be=e ! eye a fro?+ sea ( sn[y peaks4 ,su* a trip is t ?r\gh ,tuolumne ,mead[s up ,lyell ,canyon to its headwat]s1 ov] ! ,si]ra at ,donohue ,pass1 & up into ! bir? *amb]s ( riv]s among ! summit glaci]s ( ,lyell & ,mc,clure--a nev]-to-be-=gott5 j\rney1 :i* may be cont9u$1 if "o has "t & equipm5t1 d[n ! ,john ,muir ,trail to ,m\nt ,:itney & ! ,sequoia ,national ,p>k4 ,or "o may return to ! p>k by way ( ,bann] ,peak & ,?\s& ,isl& ,lake1 a wond] spot1 & !nce nor? ov] ,p>k] & ,mono ,passes2 trips l ^! produce views z magnific5t z ! l& possesses4 ,space does n p]mit ev5 ! sugge/ion ( ! possibilities to ! trail travell] ( ?is wond]l& above ! rim4 ,x is ! summ] playgr\nd = a nation4 ,second 9 magnific5ce among ! p>k valleys is ,het* ,het*y1 ! ,yosemite ( ! nor?4 ,bo? are broad1 fl[]$ & =e/$ levels betwe5 l(ty granite walls4 ,bo? are acc5t$ by gigantic rock p]sonalities4 ,kolana ,rock1 :i* gu>ds ,het* ,het*y at its we/]n gateway z ,el ,capitan gu>ds ,yosemite1 mu/ be rank$ 9 ! same class4 ,7 !re no ,yosemite ,valley1 ,het* ,het*y1 ?\gh x lacks ! di/9ction :i* gives ,yosemite ,valley its _w-wide fame1 w\ld be mu* bett] kn[n ?an x n[ is--a /atem5t also true ab\t o!r features ( ! national p>k4 ,het* ,het*y is n[ be+ damm$ bel[ ,kolana ,rock to supply wat] = ,san ,francisco4 ,! dam w be hidd5 f common obs]vation1 & ! timb] l&s to be flood$ w be cut s z to avoid ! unsightl9ess usual ) artificial res]voirs 9 =e/$ areas4 ,! res]voir w cov] "o ( ! mo/ beautiful bottoms 9 ,am]ica4 ,x w de/roy =e/s ( luxuriance4 ,x w replace ^! ) a long s9u\s lake1 f :i* %e] ,yosemite-l granite walls w rise abruptly two or ?ree ?\s& feet4 ,!re w be places :]e ! edges are =e/$4 ,d[n into ?is lake f ! high rim w cascade _m ro>+ /reams4 ,! long fight 9 ,cali=nia1 9 ! press ( ! :ole c\ntry1 & f9ally 9 ,congress1 betwe5 ! advocates ( ! ,het* ,het*y res]voir & ! def5d]s ( ! sc5ic wild]ness is "o ( ! /irr+ episodes 9 ! hi/ory ( our national p>ks4 ,at ?is writ+1 "t en\gh has n yet pass$ to heal ! w\nds ( battle1 b at lea/ we may look calmly at :at rema9s4 ,"o consid]ation1 at lea/1 af=ds a little com=t4 ,het* ,het*y 0 once1 9 late prehi/oric times1 a natural lake ( great nobility4 ,! rema9s ( ,nature's dam1 n f> f ! site ( man's1 are pla9 to ! geologi/'s eye4 ,x is possible t1 ) c>e 9 build+ ! dam & cle>+ out ! trees to be subm]g$1 ?is re/oration ( "o ( ,nature's noble features ( ! pa/ may n "w out s inappropriately z once we fe>$4 ,illu/ration3 ,f a photograph by ,j4,t4 ,boys5 ,,! ,,climax ,,( ,,yosemite ,,national ,,p>k ,m\nt ,lyell & its glaci] f ,lyell ,=k ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,greate/ ,,wat]:eel ,,( ,,! ,,tuolumne ,x is fifty feet 9 height & sev5ty-five feet long2 ,yosemite ,national ,p>k ,! ,gr& ,canyon ( ! ,tuolumne1 ?r\gh :i* ! riv] desc5ds f ! level ( ! ,tuolumne ,mead[s almo/ five ?\s& feet to ! ,het* ,het*y ,valley1 possesses real ,yosemite gr&eur4 ,mu* ( ?is enorm\s drop occurs )9 a c\ple ( amaz+ miles we/ ( ! ,cali=nia ,falls4 ,"h ! riv] slips d[n %>ply tilt$ granite slopes at brea?less spe$1 break+ into cascades & plung+ ov] wat]falls at frequ5t int]vals4 ,x is a /up5d\s spectacle :i* few b ! h>die/ m\nta9e]s saw previ\s to #aiah1 s /eep & difficult 0 ! go+4 ,dur+ t season a trail 0 op5$ :i* makes accessible to all "o ( ! mo/ extraord9>y examples ( plung+ wat] 9 ! _w4 ,! climax ( ?is spectacle is ! ,wat]:eels4 ,granite ob/ructions 9 ! b$ ( ! /eeply tilt$ riv] ?r[ solid arcs ( fro?+ wat] fifty feet 9 air4 ,!y occur ne> toge!r1 s+ly & 9 gr\ps4 ,v ,! f9e camp+ c\ntry s\? ( ! ,yosemite ,valley also (f]s its s5sation4 ,at its mo/ s\!rn po9t1 ! p>k accompli%es its =e/ climax 9 ! ,m>iposa ,grove4 ,?is gr\p ( giant sequoias 7,sequoia wa%+toniana7 ranks next1 9 ! numb] & magnific5ce ( its trees1 to ! ,giant ,=e/ ( ! ,sequoia ,national ,p>k & ! ,g5]al ,grant grove4 ,! l>ge/ tree ( ! ,m>iposa ,grove is ! ,grizzly ,giant1 :i* has a diamet] ( tw5ty-n9e feet1 a circumf]5ce ( sixty-f\r feet1 & a height ( two hundr$ & f\r feet4 ,"o may guess its age f ?ree ?\s& to ?irty-two hundr$ ye>s4 ,x is ! ?ird 9 size & age ( liv+ sequoias2 ,g5]al ,%]man1 ! l>ge/ & olde/1 has a diamet] ( ?irty-six & a half feet1 & ,g5]al ,grant a diamet] ( ?irty-five feet1 & nei!r ( ^!1 9 all probability1 has atta9$ ! age ( f\r ?\s& ye>s4 ,g5]al ,%]man gr[s 9 ! ,sequoia ,national ,p>k1 sev5ty miles or m s\? ( ,yosemite2 ,g5]al ,grant has a little national p>k ( its own a few miles we/ ( ,sequoia4 ,! int]e/$ explor] ( ! ,yosemite has s f> enjoy$ a wond]fully v>i$ sequ5ce ( surprises4 ,! incomp>able valley ) its t[]+ monoli?s & extraord9>y wat]falls1 ! ,high ,si]ra ) its glaci]s1 s]rat$ cirques & sea ( sn[y peaks1 ! ,gr& ,canyon ( ! ,tuolumne ) its cascades1 ru%+ riv] & fro?+ ,wat]:eels1 are b ! headl9]s ( a long catalogue ( ! unexpect$ & extraord9>y4 ,x only rema9s1 to complete ?is new tale ( ! ,arabian ,nights1 to make "o's fir/ visit to ! sequoias ( ,m>iposa ,grove4 ,! fir/ sight ( ! calm trem5d\s columns :i* support ! l(ty ro( ( ?is =e/ temple provokes a new s5sation4 ,unconsci\sly ! visitor removes 8 hat & speaks 8 praise 9 :isp]s4 ,! sequoias are consid]$ at great] l5g? 9 ! *apt] describ+ ! ,sequoia ,national ,p>k1 :i* 0 creat$ especially to cons]ve & exhibit m ?an a million ( ^! mo/ int]e/+ ( trees4 ,x w suffice "h to say t _! enorm\s /ems are purpli% r$1 t _! f9e1 lace-l foliage hangs 9 spl5did heavy plumes1 t _! enorm\s limbs crook at "r angles1 ! l[e/ f a hundr$ to a hundr$ & fifty feet above ! gr\nd1 & t all o!r trees1 ev5 ! gigantic sug> p9e & ,d\glas fir1 are dw>f$ 9 _! pres5ce4 ,sev]al ( ! sequoias ( ! ,m>iposa grove approa* ?ree hundr$ feet 9 height4 ,! road passes ?r\gh ! trunk ( "o4 ,,vi ,! human hi/ory ( ! ,yosemite is quickly told4 ,! c\ntry nor? ( ! ,valley 0 kn[n f e>ly times by explor]s & trapp]s :o us$ ! old ,mono ,indian ,trail1 n[ ! ,tioga ,road1 :i* cross$ ! divide ov] ,mono ,pass4 ,b1 ?\gh ! trail approa*$ )9 a v few miles ( ! nor? rim ( ! ,yosemite ,valley1 ! valley 0 n discov]$ till #ahea1 :5 ,capta9 ,bol+ ( ! ,m>iposa ,battalion1 a volunte] organization = ! protection ( settl]s1 ent]$ x f ! we/ 9 pursuit ( ,indians :o _h raid$ m9+ settlem5ts 9 ! foo?ills4 ,^! savages 7 kn[n z ! ,yosemite or ,grizzly ,be> ,indians4 ,t5aya1 _! *ief1 met _! pursu]s on ! upl&s & bes\ght !m to come no fur!r4 ,b ,capta9 ,bol+ pu%$ on ?r\gh ! heavy sn[s1 & on ,m>* #ba1 ent]$ ! valley1 :i* prov$ to be ! ,indians' f9al /ronghold4 ,_! villages1 h[ev]1 7 des]t$4 ,! orig9al inhabitants ( ! ,valley 7 call$ ! ,ahwahnee*ees1 ! ,indian "n = ! ,valley be+ ,ahwahnee1 mean+ a deep grassy canyon4 ,! ,ahwahnee*ees1 previ\s to ,capta9 ,bol+'s exp$ition1 _h be5 decimat$ by w> & disease4 ,! new tribe1 ! ,yosemites1 or ,grizzly ,be>s1 0 made up ( _! rema9d]1 ) ,monos & ,piutes add$4 ,capta9 ,bol+'s report ( ! beauty ( ! valley hav+ be5 que/ion$1 he return$ dur+ ! summ] to prove 8 ass]tions to a few d\bt]s4 ,nev]!less1 !re 7 no fur!r visitors until #ahec1 :5 ,rob]t ,b4 ,/9son ( ,m>iposa l$ 9 a hunt+-p>ty4 ,two ye>s lat] ,j4,m4 ,hut*+s1 :o 0 engag$ 9 writ+ up ! beauties ( ,cali=nia = ! ,cali=nia ,magaz9e1 br\ght ! fir/ t\ri/s2 ! second1 a p>ty ( sixte51 foll[$ lat] ! same ye>4 ,pleasure travel to ! ,yosemite ,valley may be said to h comm5c$ ) #ahef1 ! ye> ! fir/ h\se 0 built4 ,?is h\se 0 enl>g$ 9 #aheh by ,hite & ,be>dsley & us$ = a hotel4 ,sullivan & ,cu%man secur$ x = a debt ! foll[+ ye>1 & x 0 op]at$ 9 turn by ,peck1 ,longhur/1 & ,hut*+s until #ahga4 ,meantime ,j4,c4 ,lamon settl$ 9 #ahfj1 ! fir/ actual resid5t ( ! valley1 an honor :i* he did n %>e ) o!rs = f\r ye>s4 ,! fame ( ! valley spread ov] ! c\ntry & 9 #ahfd ,congress grant$ to ! ,/ate ( ,cali=nia ! ,cleft or ,gorge ( ! ,granite ,peak ( ! ,si]ra ,nevada ,m\nta9s kn[n z ! ,yosemite ,valley1 ) ! und]/&+ t all income d]iv$ f x %\ld be sp5t = improv+ ! res]vation or build+ a road to x4 ,! ,m>iposa ,big ,tree ,grove 0 also grant$ at ! same "t4 ,cali=nia c>efully fulfill$ h] *>ge4 ,! ,yosemite ,valley became _w-fam\s1 & 9 #ahij ! ,yosemite ,national ,p>k 0 creat$4 ,,vii ,! ,yosemite's geological hi/ory is mu* m ?rill+4 ,ev]yone :o sees x asks1 ,h[ did ,nature make ! ,yosemite ,valley8 ,0 x split by e>? convulsions or scoop$ by glaci]8 ,few ask :at "p 0 play$ by ! g5tle ,m]c$4 ,! "q ( ,yosemite's mak+ has busi$ geologi/s f ,pr(essor ,:itney ( ! ,univ]sity ( ,cali=nia1 :o fir/ /udi$ ! problem1 d[n to ,f4,e4 ,mat!s1 ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,geological ,survey1 ^: rec5t exhau/ive /udies h furni%$ ! f9al solution4 ,pr(essor ,:itney ma9ta9$ t glaci]s nev] _h ent]$ ! valley2 he did n ev5 consid] wat] erosion4 ,at "o "t he held t ! valley 0 simply a cleft or r5t 9 ! e>?'s cru/4 ,at ano!r "t he imag9$ x =m$ by ! sudd5 dropp+ back ( a l>ge block 9 ! c\rse ( ! convulsions t result$ 9 ! uplift ( ! ,si]ra ,nevada4 ,gal5 ,cl>k1 foll[+ him1 c>ri$ on 8 idea ( an orig9 by =ce4 ,in/ead ( ! walls be+ cleft ap>t1 h[ev]1 he imag9$ ! explosion ( close-set domes ( molt5 rock ! riv+ p[]1 b conceiv$ t ice & wat] erosion f9i%$ ! job4 ,) ,cl>5ce ,k+ ! !ory ( glacial orig9 began its long c>e]4 ,john ,muir c>ri$ ?is !ory to its extreme4 ,s9ce ! p]iod ( ,muir's speculations1 ! trem5d\s facts conc]n+ ! "p play$ by erosion 9 ! modification ( ! e>?'s surface /rata h be5 develop$4 ,beg9n+ ) ,w4,h4 ,turn]1 a gr\p ( ,yosemite /ud5ts "u ! mod]n influ5ce work$ ^u ! !ory ( ! /ream-cut valley modifi$ by glaci]s4 ,! ,unit$ ,/ates ,geological ,survey !n ent]$ ! field1 & ,mat!s's m9ute inve/igations foll[$2 ! manuscript ( 8 monograph has help$ me recon/ruct ! dramatic pa/4 ,! fact is t ! ,yosemite ,valley 0 cut f ! solid granite ne>ly to its pres5t dep? by ! ,m]c$ ,riv]2 be=e ! glaci]s arriv$1 ! riv]-cut valley 0 tw5ty-f\r hundr$ feet deep opposite ,el ,capitan1 & ?ree ?\s& feet deep opposite ,eagle ,peak4 ,! valley 0 !n ,v-%ap$1 & ! pres5t wat]falls 7 cascades2 ^? :i* are n[ ! ,yosemite ,falls 7 eighte5 hundr$ feet deep1 & ^? ( ,s5t9el ,creek 7 two ?\s& feet deep4 ,all ?is 9 pre-glacial times4 ,lat] on ! glaci]s ( sev]al successive epo*s greatly wid5$ ! valley1 & measurably deep5$ x1 mak+ x ,u-%ap$4 ,! cascades !n became wat]falls4 ,b none w see ! ,yosemite ,valley & its cav]n\s tribut>y canyons )\t sympa?iz+ a little ) ! e>ly geologi/s4 ,x is difficult to imag9e a ga% s trem5d\s cut into solid granite by any?+ %ort ( =ce4 ,"o c ?9k ( x g\g$ by massive glaci]s1 b to imag9e x cut by wat] is at fir/ inconceivable4 ,to compreh5d x we mu/ fir/ consid] two geological facts4 ,! fir/ is t no dawdl+ mod]n ,m]c$ cut ?is *asm1 b a torr5t consid]ably bigg]2 & t ?is ro>+ riv] swept at trem5d\s spe$ d[n a %>ply tilt$ b$1 :i* x g\g$ deep] & deep] by friction ( ! enorm\s masses ( s& & granite fragm5ts :i* x c>ri$ d[n f ! ,high ,si]ra4 ,! second geological fact is t ! ,m]c$ & ,t5aya torr5ts s&-pap]$ ! deep5+ b$s ( ^! canyons day & night = sev]al million ye>s2 :i*1 :5 we rememb] ! mile-deep canyons :i* ! ,colorado ,riv] & its conflu5ts cut ?r\gh a ?\s& or m miles ( ,utah & ,arizona1 is n beyond human cr$5ce1 if n conception4 ,b1 objects ! sceptical1 ! ,m]c$ c\ldn't keep always tilt$2 9 "t x w\ld cut d[n to a level & sl[ up2 !n ! s& & gravel x 0 c>ry+ w\ld settle1 & ! /ream /op its digg+4 ,aga91 if ! /ream-cut valley !ory is correct1 :y isn't e ,si]ra canyon a ,yosemite8 ,let u look = ! answ] 9 ! ,si]ra's hi/ory4 ,! pres5t ,si]ra ,nevada is n ! fir/ m\nta9 *a9 ^u its site4 ,! granite :i* und]lay ! folds ( ! fir/ ,si]ra are /ill disclos$ 9 ! walls ( ! ,yosemite ,valley4 ,! granites :i* und]lay ! second & mod]n ,si]ra are se5 9 ! t[]+ heights ( ! cre/4 ,once ^! m\nta9s ov]ran a l>ge "p ( our pres5t f> we/4 ,!y =m$ a level & v broad & high plateau2 or1 m accurately1 !y t5d$ to =m su* a plateau1 b nev] q succe$$1 because its c5tral section kept cav+ & s9k+ 9 "s ( its p>ts z fa/ z x lift$ 9 o!rs4 ,f9ally1 9 ! c\rse1 p]haps1 ( "s millions ( ye>s1 ! entire c5tral section settl$ sev]al ?\s& feet l[] ?an its ea/]n & we/]n edges2 ^! edges x left /&+ /eep & high4 ,?is sunk5 "p is ! ,great ,bas9 ( to-day4 ,! rema9+ ea/]n edge is ! ,wasat* ,m\nta9s2 ! rema9+ we/]n edge is ! ,si]ra4 ,t is :y ! ,si]ra's ea/]n front rises s precipit\sly f ! des]ts ( ! ,great ,bas91 :ile its we/]n side slopes gradually t[>d ! ,pacific4 ,b o!r cru/ *anges accompani$ ! s9k+ ( ! ,great ,bas94 ,! pr9cipal "o 0 ! rise1 9 a s]ies ( upw>d movem5ts1 ( ! rema9+ cre/ ( ! ,si]ra4 ,^! movem5ts may h correspond$ ) ! s9k+s ( ! ,great ,bas92 bo? 7 due to trem5d\s int]nal readju/m5ts4 ,& ( c\rse1 :5ev] ! ,si]ra cre/ lift$1 x tilt$ m %>ply ! :ole granite block ( :i* x 0 ! ea/]n edge4 ,^! successive tilt+s are :at kept ! ,m]c$ & ,t5aya *annels always s /eeply incl9$ t1 = millions ( ye>s1 ! /reams rema9$ torr5ts swift en\gh to keep on s&pap]+ _! b$s4 ,! fir/ ( ^! tilt+s occurr$ 9 t f> age :i* geologi/s call ! ,cretace\s4 ,x 0 inconsid]able1 b en\gh to ha/5 ! spe$ ( ! /reams & e/abli% g5]al outl9es = all "t4 ,ab\t ! middle ( ! ,t]ti>y ,p]iod volcanic eruptions *ang$ all ?+s4 ,ne>ly all ! valleys except ! ,yosemite became fill$ ) lava4 ,ev5 ! cre/ ( ! range 0 buri$ a ?\s& feet 9 "o place4 ,?is 0 foll[$ by a rise ( ! ,si]ra ,cre/ a c\ple ( ?\s& feet1 & ( c\rse a mu* %>p] tilt+ ( ! we/]n slopes4 ,! ,m]c$ & ,t5aya ,riv]s mu/ h ru%$ v fa/ inde$ dur+ ! _m ?\s& ye>s t foll[$4 ,! mo/ cons]vative e/imate ( ! duration ( ! ,t]ti>y ,p]iod is f\r or five million ye>s1 & until its close volcanic eruptions cont9u$ to fill valleys ) lava1 & ! ,great ,bas9 kept settl+1 & ! cre/ ( ! ,si]ra w5t on ris+2 & ) ea* lift+ ( ! cre/1 ! tilt ( ! riv]s %>p5$ & ! spe$ ( ! torr5ts ha/5$4 ,! canyon deep5$ dur+ ?is "t f sev5 hundr$ to a ?\s& feet4 ,! ,yosemite 0 !n a m\nta9 valley ^: slop+ sides 7 cross$ by cascades4 ,!n1 ab\t ! beg9n+ ( ! ,quat]n>y ,p]iod1 came ! bigge/ convulsion ( all4 ,! cre/ ( ! ,si]ra 0 hoi/$1 accord+ to ,mat!s's calculations1 z mu* z eight ?\s& feet high] 9 ?is "o s]ies ( movem5ts1 & ! :ole ,si]ra block 0 aga9 tilt$1 ?is "t1 ( c\rse1 enorm\sly4 ,= ?\s&s ( c5turies foll[+1 ! torr5ts f ,lyell's & ,mc,clure's melt+ sn[s mu/ h desc5d$ at a spe$ :i* tore b\ld]s f _! an*orages1 gr\nd rocks into s&1 & savagely scrap$ & scoop$ ! riv] b$s4 ,arm$ ) %>p h>d-cutt+ tools ripp$ f ! granite cirques ( ,si]ra's cre/1 ^! mad riv]s mu/ h scrat*$ & hewn deep & fa/4 ,& because c]ta9 valleys1 includ+ ! ,yosemite1 7 nev] fill$ ) lava l ! re/1 ^! grew ev] deep] ) ! c5turies4 ,! great cru/ movem5t ( ! ,quat]n>y ,p]iod 0 n ! la/1 by any means1 ?\gh x 0 ! la/ ( great size4 ,!re 7 _m small ones lat]4 ,sev]al ev5 h occurr$ )9 hi/oric times4 ,on ,m>* #bf1 #ahgb1 a sudd5 e>? movem5t left an esc>pm5t tw5ty-five feet high at ! foot ( ! range 9 ,ow5s ,valley4 ,! village ( ,lone ,p9e 0 levell$ by ! accompany+ e>?quake4 ,john ,muir1 :o 0 9 ! ,yosemite ,valley at ! "t1 describes 9 eloqu5t phrase ! accompany+ e>?quake :i* 0 felt !re4 ,a small movem5t1 d\btless ( simil> orig91 />t$ ! ,san ,francisco fire 9 #aijf4 ,conditions creat$ by ! great ,quat]n>y tilt+ deep5$ ! valley f eighte5 hundr$ feet at its l[] end to tw5ty-f\r hundr$ feet at its upp] end4 ,x e/abli%$ :at mu/ h be5 an unusually int]e/+ & impressive l&scape1 :i* sugge/$ ! mod]n aspect1 b requir$ completion by ! glaci]s4 ,geologically speak+1 ! glaci]s 7 rec5t4 ,!re 7 sev]al ice invasions1 produc$ probably by ! same *anges 9 climate :i* occasion$ ! advances ( ! cont95tal ice %eet ea/ ( ! ,rockies4 ,mat!s describes !m z simil> to ! nor!rn glaci]s ( ! ,canadian ,rockies ( to-day4 ,= unkn[n ?\s&s ( ye>s ! ,valley 0 fill$ by a glaci] ?ree or f\r ?\s& feet ?ick1 & ! surr\nd+ c\ntry 0 cov]$ ) tribut>y ice-fields4 ,only ,cl\d's ,re/1 ,half ,dome1 ,s5t9el ,dome1 & ! cr[n ( ,el ,capitan em]g$ above ?is ice4 ,! glaci] greatly wid5$ & consid]ably deep5$ ! valley1 turn$ its slopes into p]p5dicul>s1 & *ang$ its side cascades into wat]falls4 ,:5 x rec$$ x left ,yosemite ,valley almo/ complet$4 ,!re foll[$ a long p]iod ( conditions n unlike ^? ( to-day4 ,fro/s *ipp$ & scal$ ! granite surfaces1 & ra9s c>ri$ away ! fragm5ts4 ,! valley bloom$ ) =e/s & wild fl[]s4 ,!n came o!r glaci]s & o!r int]v5+ p]iods4 ,! la/ glaci] advanc$ only to ! head ( ,bridal ,veil ,mead[4 ,:5 x melt$ x left a lake :i* fill$ ! ,valley f wall to wall1 ?ree hundr$ feet deep4 ,f9ally ! lake fill$ up ) soil1 br\ght d[n by ! /reams1 & made ! floor ( ! pres5t valley4 ,! c5turies s9ce h be5 a p]iod ( decoration & enri*m5t4 ,fro/ & ra9 h done _! p]fect "w4 ,! incomp>able valley is complete4 ,,iii ,,! ,,propos$ ,,roosevelt ,,national ,,p>k ,,includ+ ,,! ,,pres5t ,,sequoia ,,national ,,p>k1 ,,we/ ,,c5tral ,,cali=nia4 ,,area1 #a1fjj ,,squ>e ,,miles ,i ,:]e ! lava bill[s ( ! ,cascade ,m\nta9s end 9 nor!rn ,cali=nia ! granite knobs ( ! ,si]ra beg94 ,%>ply diff]5tiat$ 9 appe>ance & nature a few miles fur!r 9 ei!r direction1 "h _! t]m9als ov]lap1 & s ne>ly m]ge t ! s\!rn end ( ! "o & ! nor!rn beg9n+ ( ! o!r are n easily di/+ui%$ by ! untra9$ eye4 ,b s\?w>d ! ,si]ra ,nevada1 ! sn[y saw-too!d range ( ! ,spani>ds1 ! ,si]ra ( mod]n ,am]ican phrase1 rapidly acquires ! bulk & t[]+ height1 ! craggy cirqu$ summits & ! sn[y %\ld]s :i* h made x celebrat$4 ,ga!r+ gr&eur z x sweeps s\?w>d close to ! we/]n b\nd>y ( ,cali=nia1 its we/]n slopes sla%$ deep ) canyons1 its granite peaks & domes pu%+ ev] high] above ! scatt]+ =e/s ( its middle zones1 its ea/]n ramp>ts dropp+ 9 precipices to ! des]t1 x valiantly gu>ds its sunny /ate aga9/ ! passage ( ea/]n highways1 & =ces h>d eng9e]+ problems ^u ! build]s ( transcont95tal railroads4 ,:]e x becomes ! ea/]n b\nd>y ( ! ,yosemite ,national ,p>k x breaks into climaxes ( magnific5ce4 ,f ?is po9t on ! ,si]ra broad5s & bulks4 ,x ?r[s out spurs1 multiplies p>allel+ ranges1 heaps peaks & ridges betwe5 gulf-l canyons :i* c>ry ro>+ wat]s ?r\gh _! =e/$ tr5*es4 ,pu%+ ev] high] above timb]-l9e1 x breaks into l>ge lake-be>+ cirques1 sometimes cirque )9 cirque1 wall$ 9 silv]y granite1 hung ) g>l&s ( sn[ & dripp+ ) %9+ glaci]s4 ,n9ety miles s\? ( ,yosemite x culm9ates 9 a close gr\p+ ( sn[-daub$1 glaci]-g\g$1 lightn+-spl9t]$ peaks1 "o ( :i*1 ,m\nt ,:itney1 highe/ summit 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 raises 8 head j a little above 8 gigantic neighbors4 ,s\? ( ,:itney1 ! ,si]ra subsides rapidly & m]ges into ! high plateaus & m9or ranges ( s\!rn ,cali=nia4 ,sev5ty-five miles ( ! cre/ ( ?is titanic range at ! climax ( its magnific5ce1 sixty-five miles ( x nor? ( ,:itney & t5 miles ( x s\?1 con/itute ! we/]n b\nd>y ( an area ( sixte5 hundr$ squ>e miles :i* ,congress is consid]+ sett+ ap>t "u ! title ( ! ,roosevelt ,national ,p>k2 a region s p>ticul>ly *>act]iz$ by rugg$ness1 p[]1 & unifi$ purpose t x is em95tly fitt$ to s]ve z ! nation's memorial to ,!odore ,roosevelt4 ,besides its /up5d\s m\nta9s1 x includes ! wilde/ & mo/ exub]ant =e/$ canyons1 & ! mo/ luxuriant groves 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 = its b\nd>ies w enclose also ! pres5t ,sequoia ,national ,p>k1 9 :i* a million trunks ( ! fam\s ,sequoia ,wa%+toniana clu/] ar\nd ! ,g5]al ,%]man ,tree1 believ$ to be ! bigge/ & olde/ liv+ ?+ 9 all ! _w4 ,wide ?\gh its range f bleak cre/ to w>m =e/1 e "p ( ?is region is a necess>y "p ( its :ole4 ,nature's subtle f+] has s knitt$ ea* succe$+ zone into ! fabric ( its neighbors t x w\ld be a v&al's h& :i* %\ld arbitr>ily cut ! picture %ort ( ! full completion ( its p]fect composition4 ,x is "o ( ,nature's ma/]pieces1 ?r\gh ^: extreme/ contra/s runs ! common note ( supremacy4 ,:e!r or n1 !n1 ,congress insures its p]petuity & unifi$ developm5t1 we c consid] x sc5ically only z a :ole4 ,simil> 9 k9d to ! ,yosemite ,national ,p>k1 ,roosevelt is f> rugg$] & m ma/]ful4 ,x w be ! national p>k ( sup]latives4 ,yet ea* ( ^! simil> areas is a complet$ unit ( /rik+ individuality4 ,yosemite1 tak+ its note f its incomp>able ,valley1 nev] w be equall$ = %e] beauty2 ,roosevelt kn[s no pe] = exub]ance & gr&eur4 ,yosemite w rema9 ,mecca = ! t\ri/2 ,roosevelt w draw into its =e/ ( giant trees1 & ^u its %\ld]s ( *isell$ granite1 ?\s&s ( camp]s-out & lov]s ( ! high trail4 ,jo9$ ne> ! cre/ ( ! ,si]ra by ! ,john ,muir ,trail1 ,cali=nia's memorial to h] own prophet ( ! out-(-doors1 ^! two national p>ks1 s alike & yet s diff]5t1 ea* /rik+ surely its own note ( sublimity1 are1 9 a v real s5se1 p>ts ( "o /ill great] :ole2 ! m>riage ( beauty & /r5g?4 ,,ii ,! region is r\ghly pe>-%ap$4 ,a /raight l9e drawn f ,p9e ,creek ,pass at its nor!rn end to ,%eep ,m\nta9 on ! s\!rn base l9e measures sixty-eight miles2 ! p>k is ?irty-six miles wide at its wide/1 j nor? ( ,m\nt ,:itney4 ,its ea/]n b\nd>y1 ! cre/ ( ! ,si]ra1 divides _m notable peaks4 ,f nor? to s\? we pass1 z we travel ! ,john ,muir ,trail1 ,m\nt ,humphreys1 #ac1igb feet2 ,m\nt ,d>w91 #ac1hda feet2 ,m\nt ,w9*ell1 #ac1gdi feet2 ,split ,m\nta91 #ad1jea feet2 ,/rip$ ,m\nta91 #ac1afj feet2 ,m\nt ,baxt]1 #ac1aah feet2 ,junction ,peak1 #ac1ijc feet2 ,m\nt ,tyndall1 #ad1jbe feet2 & ,m\nt ,:itney1 #ad1eja feet2 support+ ,:itney on ! s\? is ,m\nt ,langley1 #ad1jdb feet2 all ^! connect$ by spl9t]$ peaks1 granite l$ges1 & m\nta9 masses sc>cely less 9 altitude4 ,betwe5 ! bri/l+ cre/ ( ?is sn[-daub$ ea/]n b\nd>y & ! p>k's we/]n b\nd>y1 ?\s&s ( feet l[] :]e ! =e/s beg91 ! region r\ghly divides into p>allel zones4 ,t :i* imm$iately adjo9s ! cre/ ^u its we/ side1 a /rip t5 miles or m 9 wid?1 is kn[n to its devotees z ! ,high ,si]ra4 ,x is a c\ntry ( trem5d\s jagg$ peaks1 ( int]m$iate p9nacl$ walls1 ( enorm\s cirques hold+ remnants ( once mighty glaci]s1 ( great fields ( sun-cupp$ sn[1 ( turquoise lakes re/+ 9 *a9s ^u enorm\s granite /eps2 ! :ole gleam+ l *as$ silv] 9 ! noon sun2 a magical l& ( a ?\s& ,matt]horns1 ^: trails lead f temple to temple1 s mighty ( size & noble ( design t no m9d less ?an ! ,creator's c\ld ev] h conceiv$ !m4 ,! ,high ,si]ra has be5 celebrat$ = _m ye>s 9 ! fa/-gr[+ bro!rhood ( ,am]ican m\nta9 climb]s1 ea/ z well z we/1 _m ( :om proclaim its m>k$ sup]iority to all p>ts ( ! ,swiss ,alps except ! amaz+ neighborhood ( ,mont ,blanc4 ,) ! multiplication ( trails & ! build+ ( %elt]s = ! com=t ( ! inexp]i5c$1 ! v]ie/ amateur ( city bus9ess life w f9d 9 ^! m\nta9s ( p]petual sun%9e a satisfaction :i* is only = ! season$ m\nta9e] abroad4 ,! zone adjo9+ ! ,high ,si]ra ^u its we/ is "o ( f> wid] range ( pleasure4 ,subsid+ rapidly 9 elevation1 x becomes a knobb$ & b\ld]$ l& :i* includes timb]-l9e & ! ?9 =e/s ( w9d-twi/$ p9es :i* cont5d ) ! granite = foo?old4 ,x is cross$ we/w>d by _m less] ranges buttress+ ! ,high ,si]ra2 f ^! cross ranges _m l(ti] peaks arise1 & betwe5 !m ro> ! riv]s ^: ?\s&s ( contribut+ /reams dra9 ! sn[-fields & ! glaci]s ( ! :ite heights4 ,f9ally1 p>allel+ ! we/]n b\nd>y1 is ! n>r[ zone 9 :i* ?is region meets & m]ges ) ! great] =e/s & ! mead[s beyond ! b\nd>y4 ,"h1 9 ! s\?we/]n corn]1 is ! m>vell\s w>m =e/ 9 :i* trees ( _m k9ds atta9 _! maximum ( size & proportion1 & :i* encloses a million sequoia trees1 includ+ ! greate/ & olde/ embodim5ts ( ! pr9ciple ( life4 ,?is extraord9>y =e/ 0 res]v$ 9 #ahij "u ! title ( ! ,sequoia ,national ,p>k4 ,at ! same "t 0 creat$ ! ,g5]al ,grant ,national ,p>k1 a res]vation ( f\r squ>e miles ( simil> =e/1 virtually a "p ( x1 b sep>at$ because ( an int]v5+ area ( privately own$ l&s4 ,?us does ?is region run ! gamut ( supremacy f ! ,high ,si]ra ^u its ea/1 to ! ,giant ,=e/ ^u its we/4 ,( no less di/9ction are its wat]s4 ,innum]able lakelets ( ! ,high ,si]ra1 born ( ! sn[s1 ov]fl[ 9 t9y /reams :i* comb9e into ro>+1 fro?+ creeks4 ,^! 9 turn1 augm5t$ by ! dra9age ( ! l(ty tumbl$ divides1 comb9e into p[]ful little riv]s4 ,f\r riv] sy/ems orig9ate 9 ?is region4 ,f> 9 ! nor? a lake1 m ?an elev5 ?\s& feet high1 ly+ at ! we/]n foot ( ,m\nt ,godd>d1 beg9s ! ,s\? ,=k ( ! ,san ,joaqu9 ,riv]1 :i* dra9s ! p>k's nor!rn area4 ,incid5tally1 x has cut a canyon ( romantic beauty1 up :i* ! ,john ,muir ,trail f9ds its way into ! p>k4 ,! nor!rn middle area ( ! p>k is dra9$ by ! ,middle & ,s\? ,=ks ( ! ,k+s ,riv]1 :i* f9d _! orig9s 9 p]haps =ty miles ( ,si]ra's cre/4 ,! dra9age bas9s ( ^! spl5did /reams cov] ne>ly half ( ! p>k's total area1 & include "s ( ! bigge/1 z well z "s ( ! wilde/ & mo/ beautiful m\nta9 sc5]y 9 ! _w4 ,b\nd$ ^u _! we/ by an arc ( sn[y m\nta9s1 sep>at$ by ! gigantic ,mon>* ,divide1 flank$ by twi/$ ranges & t[]+ peaks1 !y cascade we/w>d ?r\gh mead[s ( rank grasses & vividly color$ wild-fl[]s1 alt]nat+ ) /eep-sid$ gorges & canyons ( sublimity4 ,dropp+ ?\s&s ( feet )9 a few miles1 !y ab\nd 9 cascades & maje/ic falls1 betwe5 :i* swift rapids alt]nate ) rea*es ( /ill]1 b nev] /ill1 wat]s :i* are ! homes ( cut-?roat tr\t4 ,ea* ( ^! riv]s has its canyon ( di/+ui%$ magnific5ce4 ,! ,tehipite ,valley ( ! ,middle ,=k & ! ,k+s ,riv] ,canyon ( ! ,s\? ,=k are de/9$ to _w celebrity4 ,! s\?we/]n area ( ! p>k is dra9$ by five =ks ( ! beautiful ,kaweah ,riv]4 ,^! /reams orig9ate on ! nor? 9 ! divide ( ! ,s\? ,=k ( ! ,k+s ,riv]1 & on ! ea/ 9 a conspicu\sly f9e range kn[n z ! ,great ,we/]n ,divide4 ,!y w9d ?r\gh ! wood$ valleys ( ! ,sequoia ,national ,p>k4 ,^u _! banks gr[ ! mon/]s ( ! ,am]ican =e/4 ,! s\!rn area is dra9$ by ! ,k]n ,riv]1 into :i* fl[ ! wat]s ( ,m\nt ,:itney & 8 giant neighbors4 ,! ,k]n ,canyon is "o ( ,roosevelt's noble/ expressions4 ,fl[+ s\?w>d betwe5 precipit\s walls ?ree ?\s& feet & m 9 height1 flank$ ^u ! ea/ by mon/]s ( ! ,high ,si]ra1 & on ! we/ by ! spl5did elevations ( ! ,great ,we/]n ,divide1 x is a valley supremely fitt$ = ! highe/ realization ( ! region's gifts ( enjoym5t4 ,f camps beside its tr\t-haunt$ wat]s1 x is a matt] ( no difficulty = ^? equipp$ = ! trail to rea* ! summit ( ,:itney1 on ! "o h&1 & ! ,giant ,=e/ on ! o!r4 ,ne> ! s\!rn b\nd>y ( ! p>k1 ,gold5 ,tr\t ,creek ent]s ! ,k]n4 ,x orig9ates at ! v cre/ ( ! ,si]ra1 :i* x foll[s closely = _m miles be=e sw++ we/w>d to its outlet4 ,9 ?is /ream is f\nd a tr\t :i* appe>s1 :5 fre% caught1 z ?\gh c>v$ f gold4 ,popul>ly x is kn[n z ! gold5 tr\t2 its sci5tific "n is ,salmo ,rooseveltii4 ,orig9ally1 no d\bt1 ! color evolv$ f ! peculi> gold5 hues ( ! rocks ?r\gh :i* its wat]s fl[4 ,! gold5 tr\t has be5 transplant$ into o!r ,si]ra /reams1 9 "s ( :i*1 notably ! op5 upp] wat]s ( ! ,middle ,=k ( ! ,k+s1 x has ?riv$ & ma9ta9$ its vivid hue4 ,9 %elt]$ wat]s x has app>5tly disappe>$1 a fact :i* may m]ely mean t its color has *ang$ ) environm5t4 ,,iii ,!re are _m gateways1 two by road1 ! re/ by trail4 ,= ye>s to come1 z 9 ! pa/1 ! great majority ( visitors w ent] ?r\gh ! ,giant ,=e/ ( ! ,sequoia ,national ,p>k & ?r\gh ! ,g5]al ,grant ,national ,p>k4 ,! travell] by rail w f9d motor /ages at ,visalia = ! run into ! ,giant ,=e/1 & at ,fresno = ! ,g5]al ,grant ,national ,p>k4 ,! motori/ w f9d good roads into bo? f ,cali=nia's elaborate highway sy/em4 ,9 bo? ! travell] w f9d excell5t hotel camps1 &1 if 8 purpose is to live a:ile "u 8 private canvas1 public camp gr\nds conv5i5t to /ores & equipp$ ) wat] supply & ev5 electric lights4 ,"u ! gigantic p9es1 firs1 & anci5t sequoias ( ^! extraord9>y =e/s1 increas+ ?\s&s sp5d summ] weeks & mon?s4 ,f ^! c5tres ! lov]s ( ! sublime take saddle-horses & pack-tra9s1 or1 if !y are hik]s1 burros to c>ry _! equipm5t1 & foll[ ! trails to ,k]n ,canyon1 or ! summit ( ,:itney1 or ! ,k+s ,riv] ,canyon1 or ! ,tehipite ,valley1 or ! ,john ,muir ,trail ^u ! ,si]ra's cre/4 ,_m are ! trip comb9ations1 ! *oice ( :i* dep5ds ^u ! "t & ! /r5u\sness ( ! travell]4 ,camp+-out on trail 9 ,roosevelt is an exp]i5ce :i* dem&s repetition4 ,sure ( cle> wea!r1 ! travell] does n bo!r ) t5ts1 b snuggles at night 9 a sleep+-bag "u a ro( ( spread+ p9e4 ,b x is possible to equip = ! trail else:]e4 ,! pr9cipal po9t ^u ! nor? is ! ,yosemite ,national ,p>k1 :]e "o may provide himself ) horses & supplies = a j\rney ( any desir$ duration4 ,/>t+ 9 ! ,yosemite ,valley1 & leav+ ! p>k ne> ! c>v$ cirques ( ,m\nt ,lyell1 ! travell] w f9d ! int]v5+ miles ( ! ,john ,muir ,trail a panorama ( magnific5ce4 ,?\s& ,isl& ,lake1 reflect+ ! glori\s pyramid ( ,bann] ,peak1 ! ,devil's ,po/pile1 a gr\p ( basaltic columns1 f> f9] ?an ,irel&'s celebrat$ ,giant's ,causeway1 ! ,mono ,valley1 ) its anci5t volcano split d[n ?r\gh ! middle s t all may see its v5t & spread+ crat]1 are m]ely ! m /rik+ features ( a progress ( spectacles to ! nor? entrance ( ,roosevelt ,p>k2 ?is is at ! junction ( ! ,s\? ,=k ( ! ,san ,joaqu9 ,riv] & ,piute ,creek4 ,! pr9cipal ea/]n gateway is ,ke>s>ge ,pass1 on ! cre/ ( ! ,si]ra a few miles nor? ( ,m\nt ,:itney4 ,! trail asc5ds f ,indep5d5ce1 :]e "o also may com=tably outfit4 ,^! f\r are1 at ?is writ+1 ! pr9cipal entrance gates1 ea* op5+ f po9ts at :i* p>ties may be sure ( secur+ horses1 equipm5t1 & guides4 ,b sev]al o!r trails ent] f ! ea/1 s\?1 s\?we/1 & we/ sides4 ,all ( ^! 9 "t w become1 ) developm5t1 well travell$ trails into ! he>t ( ! great wild]ness4 ,,iv ,any description ( ! glories ( ! ,john ,muir ,trail f its entrance into ! p>k to its climax ^u ! summit ( ,m\nt ,:itney f> passes ! limits ( a *apt]4 ,9 "t x w inspire a lit]ature4 ,approa*+ f ,yosemite ?r\gh ! canyon ( ! ,san ,joaqu91 ! travell] sw+s ar\nd ! nor? side ( ,m\nt ,godd>d1 crosses gorge\s ,muir ,pass1 & ent]s ! fr+e ( cirques & lakes :i* bord]s ! we/]n edge ( ,si]ra's cre/ f end to end4 ,?r\gh ?is he w9ds 8 way s\?w>d1 skirt+ lakes1 cross+ sn[-fields1 encircl+ templ$ cirques1 plung+ into canyons1 climb+ divides1 r\nd+ gigantic peaks1 surpris+ views ( sublimity1 m\nt+ ev] high] until he /&s ^u ! %\ld]s ( ,m\nt ,:itney4 ,dism\nt+ "h1 he scrambles up ! few hundr$ feet ( /iff climb :i* places him on ! summit1 f :i* he looks out nor?1 we/1 & s\? ov] ! mo/ div]sifi$ high m\nta9 l&scape 9 ,am]ica1 & ea/w>d ov] ! ,si]ra foo?ills to ,dea? ,valley1 l[e/ l& 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,no ?rill+ ,alp9e feat is ! asc5t ( our l(tie/ summit4 ,b ^? :o want to measure human /r5g? & skill 9 t]ms ( p]p5dicul> granite may f9d among ,:itney's neighbors peaks :i* w pres5t h>d] problems ?an ^? (f]$ abroad1 peaks :i* !mselves well may become z celebrat$ 9 future ye>s4 ,! ,john ,muir ,trail is de/9$ to a fame & a use p]haps _m times z great z ^? m5 ?\ght :o conceiv$ x z a memorial to a lov] ( ! trail1 & ( all t t implies4 ,x w play a di/+ui%$ "p 9 ! education ( ! nation 9 ! love ( m\nta9s4 ,x w w9 arti/s to a phase ( ! sublime 9 ,am]ica :i* !y h ov]look$4 ,x w br+ /ud5ts to ! classrooms :]e ,nature displays h] mo/ trem5d\s exhibits4 ,nev]!less1 ,roosevelt's l[] levels w draw _m times z _m devotees z w ! ,high ,si]ra2 & ^! visitors w /ay long]4 ,x is ! valleys & ! canyons :i* w prove ! greate/ lure1 = "h "o may camp leisurely & 9 entire com=t1 & !nce make :at trips he *ooses into ! regions ( ! peaks & ! cirques4 ,!re are lit]ally ?\s&s ( canyons & ( _m k9ds4 ,besides ! ,k]n ,canyon !re are two :i* mu/ rank ) ,yosemite4 ,9 ! summ] ( #aiaf ,i travell$ ! l5g? ( ! p>k1 z f> z ! ,giant ,=e/1 ) a p>ty l$ by ,director ,/eph5 ,t4 ,ma!r1 ( ! ,national ,p>k ,s]vice1 !n ,assi/ant to ! ,secret>y ( ! ,int]ior1 & 0 p[]fully impress$ ) ! sc5ic qualities ( ! ,tehipite ,valley1 & ! ,k+s ,riv] ,canyon1 at t "t little kn[n4 ,"t w n dim my memory ( ,tehipite ,dome1 ! augu/ valley & ! leap+1 s++ riv] :i* x ov]looks4 ,well %ort ( ! ,yosemite ,valley 9 ! k9d ( beauty t plunges ! obs]v] into sil5ce1 ! ,tehipite ,valley f> excels x 9 bigness1 p[]1 & maje/y4 ,look\t ,po9t on ! nor? rim1 a c\ple ( miles s\? ( ! ,dome1 gave u our fir/ s5sation4 ,?ree ?\s& feet above ! riv]1 x (f]$ by f> ! gr&e/ valley view ,i h look$ ^u1 = ! rim view into ,yosemite by comp>ison is n s gr& z x is beautiful4 ,! canyon reveal$ itself to ! ea/ z f> z ,m\nt ,woodwor?1 its l(ty div]sifi$ walls lift+ precipit\sly f ! heavy =e/s ( ! floor & sides1 & yield+ to /ill great] heights above4 ,enorm\s cliffs abutt$1 ,yosemite-l1 at int]vals4 ,s\? ( u1 directly across ! canyon1 rose ! /r5u\s heights ( ! ,mon>* ,divide1 ,m\nt ,h>r+ton1 t[]+ a ?\s& feet high] above ! valley floor ?an ,cl\ds ,re/ above ! ,yosemite4 ,d[n ! slopes ( ! ,mon>* ,divide1 seem+ly f its turret$ summits1 cascad$ _m fro?+ /reams4 ,! ,eagle ,peaks1 ,blue ,canyon ,falls1 ,silv] ,spur1 ! ,gorge ( ,despair1 ,lo/ ,canyon--^! 7 "s ( ! romantic & appropriate titles we f\nd on ! ,geological ,survey map4 ,&1 close at h&1 opposite ,m\nt ,h>r+ton & j across ,cr[n ,creek ,canyon1 rose mighty ,tehipite4 ,we /ood level ) its r\nd$ gli/5+ dome4 ,! ,tehipite ,dome is a true ,yosemite feature4 ,x comp>es 9 height & prom95ce ) ,el ,capitan4 ,9 fact1 x /&s high] above ! valley floor & occupies a simil> position at ! valley's we/]n gate4 ,x is n s massive z ,el ,capitan1 & !re=e n s impressive2 b x is sup]b4 ,x is bett] comp>$ ) ,half ,dome1 ?\gh aga9 p]haps n s impressive4 ,b x has its own augu/ p]sonality1 z notably s z ei!r ( ^! _w-fam$ rocks2 &1 if x /ood 9 ! ,yosemite1 w\ld %>e ) !m ! incomp>able valley's highe/ honors4 ,desc5d+ to ! floor1 ! :ole aspect ( ! valley *ang$4 ,look+ up1 ,tehipite ,dome1 n[ outl9$ aga9/ ! sky1 & ! neighbor+ abrupt ca/ellat$ walls1 t[]$ m hugely ?an ev]4 ,we did n ne$ ! cont\r map to "k t "s ( ^! heights exce$$ ,yosemite's4 ,! sky-l9e 0 fanta/ically c>v$ into spires & domes1 a c\nt]p>t 9 gigantic m9iature ( ! ,great ,si]ra ( :i* x 0 ! valley climax4 ,! ,yosemite measure ( sublimity1 p]haps1 lack$1 b 9 its place 0 a m rugg$ gr&eur1 a c]ta9 sugge/ion ( va/ness & p[] t ,i h n se5 else:]e4 ,?is impression 0 /r5g!n$ by ! floor itself1 :i* conta9s no sugge/ion :atev] ( ,yosemite's exquisit5ess4 ,in/ead1 x (f]s rugg$ spaci\sness4 ,9 place ( ,yosemite's peaceful woods & mead[s1 "h 7 tangl$ giant-/udd$ ?ickets & m\nta9\s masses ( enorm\s brok5 talus4 ,in/ead ( ! quiet w9d+ ,m]c$1 "h 0 a surg+1 sma%+1 fro?+1 cascad+1 ro>+ torr5t1 sev]al times its volume1 :i* fill$ ! valley ) its turbul5ce4 ,illu/ration3 ,f a photograph by ,h]b]t ,w4 ,gleason ,,tehipite ,,dome1 ,,gu>dian ,,rock ,,( ,,! ,,tehipite ,,valley ,x rises abruptly m ?an ?ree ?\s& feet2 propos$ ,roosevelt ,national ,p>k ,once /ep foot on ! valley floor & all ?\ght ( comp>ison ) ,yosemite vani%es =ev]4 ,?is is a diff]5t ?+ altoge!r1 b a ?+ 9 its own way no less sup]lative4 ,! keynote ( ! ,tehipite ,valley is wild exub]ance4 ,x ?rills :]e ,yosemite en]vates4 ,yet its temp]ature is q z mild4 ,! ,middle ,=k conta9s m tr\t ?an any o!r /ream ,i h fi%$4 ,we f\nd !m 9 pools & riffles ev]y:]e2 no wat] 0 too :ite to get a rise4 ,9 ! long1 gre5i%-:ite bord]s ( fa/ rapids !y float$ cont9ually into view4 ,9 five m9utes' wat*+ ,i c\ld c\nt a doz5 or m su* appe>ances )9 a few feet ( wat]4 ,!y ran f eight to f\rte5 in*es4 ,no d\bt l>g] ones lay bel[4 ,s ,i got great fun by pick+ my p>ticul> tr\t & ca/+ specially = him4 ,/op y\r fly's motion & ! pursu+ fi% in/antly /ops1 backs1 swims r\nd ! lure 9 a t\r ( exam9ation1 & disappe>s4 ,/>t x mov+ & he in/antly reappe>s f ! :ite dep?1 :]e1 no d\bt1 he has be5 cauti\sly wat*+4 ,a pause & a swift />t (t5 tempt$ to a /rike4 ,^! ra9b[s ( ! torr5ts are h>d fight]s4 ,& _m ( !m1 if ung5tly h&l$1 avail$ ( swift curr5ts to ?re% !mselves free4 ,y mu/ fi% a riv] to appreciate x4 ,/&+ on its edges1 leap+ f rock to rock1 slipp+ wai/ deep at times1 wad+ recklessly to rea* "s pool or eddy ( special promise1 se>*+ ! rapids1 pe]+ "u ! ald]s1 te/+ ! pools2 t's ! way to make fri5ds ) a riv]4 ,y /udy its moods & its ways z ^? ( a mettlesome horse4 ,& aft] a :ile its _s seeps ?r\gh & f9ds y\rs4 ,its p]sonality unveils4 ,a sweet fri5dl9ess unites y1 a s5se ( mutual und]/&+4 ,!re foll[s ! complete/ deta*m5t t ,i "k4 ,ye>s & ! worries disappe>4 ,y & ! riv] dream away ! unnot$ h\rs4 ,pass+ on f ! ,tehipite ,valley to ! ,k+s ,riv] ,canyon1 ! approa* to ,granite ,pass 0 no?+ %ort ( magnific5t4 ,we cross$ a sup]b cirque /udd$ ) lakelets2 we c\ld see ! pass ahead ( u on a f9e sn[-cr[n$ b5*4 ,we asc5d$ ! b5* & f\nd ourselves1 n 9 ! pass1 b 9 ! entrance to /ill ano!r cirque1 also lake-/udd$1 a l(ti]1 nobl] cirque encircl+ ! "o bel[4 ,ahead ( u ^u ano!r l(ty b5* surely 0 ! pass4 ,^? inspir+ sn[-daub$ heights ^: s]rat$ edges cut %>ply into ! sky c]ta9ly m>k$ ! supreme summit4 ,our w9d+ trail up /eep1 rocky asc5ts po9t$ true2 an h\r's toil w\ld c>ry u ov]4 ,b ! h\r pass$ & ! cross+ ( ! %elf disclos$1 n ! gl[+ valley ( ! ,s\? ,=k across ! pass1 b /ill a va/]1 nobl] cirque above1 sublime 9 ,arctic glory6 ,h[ ! va/ glaci]s t cut ^! titanic c>v+s mu/ h swirl$ among ^! huge conc5tric walls1 p\r+ ov] ?is %elf & t1 pil+ toge!r ar\nd ^! uplift+ granite peaks1 conc5trat+ comb9$ ef=t ^u ?is unyield+ mass & t1 &1 beat5 back1 p\r+ d[n ! tortu\s ma9 *annel ) r5d+s & te>+s unimag9able6 ,illu/ration3 ,f a photograph by ,h]b]t ,w4 ,gleason ,,ea/ ,,vidette ,,f ,a ,,=e/ ,,( ,,foxtail ,,p9es ,?is is "o ( ! great granite peaks ( ! propos$ ,roosevelt ,national ,p>k ,granite ,pass is a/oni%+6 ,we saw no less ?an f\r ( ^! va/ conc5tric cirques1 ?r\gh ?ree ( :i* we pass$4 ,& ! ,geological ,survey map discloses a tribut>y bas9 adjo9+ :i* enclos$ a gr\p ( l>ge volcanic lakes1 & d\btless o!r va/ cirque-l *amb]s4 ,we took photographs1 b knew !m va94 ,a long1 du/y desc5t ( ,copp] ,creek br\ght u1 ne> day's end1 into ! exquisite valley ( ! ,s\? ,=k ( ! ,k+s ,riv]1 ! ,k+s ,riv] ,canyon4 ,/ill ano!r ,yosemite6 ,x is n s easy to diff]5tiate ! two canyons ( ! ,k+s4 ,!y are simil> & yet v diff]5t4 ,p]haps ! diff]5ce lies *iefly 9 degree4 ,bo? lie ea/ & we/1 ) enorm\s rocky bluffs ris+ on ei!r side ( riv]s ( q extraord9>y beauty4 ,bo? pres5t c>v$ & ca/ellat$ walls ( exceptional boldness ( design4 ,bo? are heavily & magnific5tly wood$1 ! =e/s rea*+ up %>p slopes on ei!r side4 ,bo? possess to a m>k$ degree ! quality t lifts !m above ! av]age ( ev5 ! ,si]ra's glacial valleys4 ,b ! outl9es "h seem to be s(t]1 ! valley floor broad]1 ! riv] less turbul5t4 ,if ! keynote ( ! ,tehipite ,valley is wild exub]ance1 t ( ! ,k+s ,riv] ,canyon is wild beauty4 ,! "o excites1 ! o!r lulls4 ,! "o %>es ) ,yosemite ! di/9ction ( extraord9>y outl9e1 ! o!r %>es ) ,yosemite ! di/9ction ( extraord9>y *>m4 ,!re are few nobl] spots ?an ! junction ( ,copp] ,creek ) ! ,k+s4 ,! ,gr& ,s5t9el is seldom surpass$4 ,x fails ( ! p]sonality ( ,el ,capitan1 ,half ,dome1 & ,tehipite1 b x only j fails4 ,if !y did n exi/1 x w\ld become ! mo/ celebrat$ rock 9 ! ,si]ra1 at lea/4 ,! view up ! canyon f ?is spot has few equals4 ,! view d[n ! canyon is n (t5 excell$4 ,:5 ! day ( ! ,k+s ,riv] ,canyon dawns1 x w dawn brilliantly4 ,v ,! we/]n slopes ( ! ,pacific ranges1 f ! ,canadian bord] s\?w>d to ! des]t1 c>ry ! mo/ luxuriant =e/ 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,! imm5se /&s ( yell[ p9e & ,d\glas fir ( ! f> nor? m]ge into ! sug> p9es & giant sequoias ( ! s\? 9 practically an unbrok5 belt :i*1 on ,si]ra's slopes1 lies on ! middle levels betwe5 ! l[ productive pla9s ( ! we/ & ! t[]+ heights ( ! ea/4 ,! ,sequoia ,national ,p>k & its little neighbor1 ! ,g5]al ,grant ,national ,p>k1 enclose areas ( rem>kable f]tility 9 :i* trees1 %rubs1 & wild fl[]s rea* _! greate/ developm5t4 ,! million sequoia trees :i* gr[ "h are a v small "p1 num]ically1 ( ?is amaz+ =e/4 ,^! slopes are ri* ) ! soil ( ?\s&s ( ye>s ( accumulations4 ,!y are w>m$ 9 summ] by mild ,pacific w9ds heat$ 9 _! passage across ! l[l&s1 & blanket$ 9 w9t] by _m feet ( s(t sn[4 ,!y are damp ) c\ntless spr+s & /reams %elt]$ "u heavy canopies ( foliage4 ,9 altitude !y range f two ?\s& feet at ! bottom ( ,kaweah's canyon1 z x em]ges f ! p>k1 to eight ?\s& feet 9 ! ea/1 ) m\nta9s ris+ ?ree or f\r ?\s& feet high]4 ,x is a tumbl$ l& ( ridges & canyons1 b its slopes are easy & its outl9e graci\s4 ,oases ( lusci\s mead[s dot ! =e/s4 ,?is is ! ,c\rt ( ,k+ ,sequoia4 ,"h assemble 9 ev]la/+ att5dance millions ( 8 nobles1 a /ateli] ga!r+ ?an ev] b[$ ! knee be=e human pot5tate4 ,erect1 maje/ic1 clo!d 9 togas ( p]petual gre51 _! heads b>$ to ! heav5s1 /& rank ^u rank1 mile ^u mile1 ! noble/ p]sonalities ( ! e>?4 ,*ief among ! c\rti]s ( ! k+ is ! sug>-p9e1 t[]+ "h 8 full two hundr$ feet1 /raight z a rul]1 8 /em at times eight feet 9 ?ickness1 sc>cely tap]+ to ! heavy limbs ( 8 high cr[n4 ,l>ge/ & mo/ magnific5t ( ! ,pacific p9es1 rea*+ sometimes six hundr$ ye>s ( age1 ! great] trunks cle> !mselves ( bran*es a hundr$ feet f ! gr\nd1 & ! b>k develops long d>k plates ( armor4 ,s m>k$ is 8 di/+ui%$ p]sonality t1 once se51 he nev] c be mi/ak5 = ano!r4 ,next 9 rank & sc>cely less 9 maje/y is ! massive :ite fir1 ris+ at times ev5 to two hundr$ feet1 8 sometimes six-foot trunk conspicu\sly r\gh1 d>k br[n 9 color1 deeply furr[$ ) a%5 gray4 ,8 pale yell[-gre5 cr[n is my/]i\sly t+$ ) :ite4 ,8 limit ( age is ?ree hundr$ & fifty ye>s4 ,la/ ( ! rank+ trio is ! we/]n yell[ p9e1 a w>rior clad 9 plates ( russet armor4 ,a hundr$ & sixty feet 9 natural height1 "h he sometimes t[]s ev5 ) 8 fell[ knights4 ,he gu>ds ! out] prec9cts ( ! c\rt1 8 cap ( yell[-gre51 8 bran*+ arms re/+ ^u 8 sides4 ,^! are ! great nobles1 b ) !m are millions ( less] c\rti]s1 ! inc5se c$> f ^: buttress$1 tap]+ trunks spr+ c\ntless bran*es tipp$ ) fan-l plumes2 _m less] conif]s2 ! spl5did ,pacific bir*es 9 picturesque pose2 ! oaks ( _m k9ds f> diff]5t f _! ea/]n c\s9s4 ,& among ! feet ( ^! c\rti]s ( high] degree cr[d millions ^u millions ( fl[]+ %rubs1 mass+ (t5 9 solid phalanxes1 disput+ passage ) ! de]4 ,all m+le toge!r1 great & small4 ,! conif]s1 9 ! k+'s honor1 flaunt f /em & great] bran* long flutt]+ ribbons ( pale gre5 moss4 ,?\s&s ( squirrels *att] 9 ! bran*es4 ,millions ( birds make music4 ,x is a gala day4 ,ent] ! ,k+4 ,! ,k+ ( ,trees is ( royal l9eage4 ,! pati5t se>*]s 9 ! rocks ( old h trac$ 8 ance/ry unkn[n millions ( ye>s1 back to ! =e/s ( ! ,cretace\s ,p]iod4 ,8 0 ,vik+ /ock f arctic zones :]e trees c live no m4 ,to-day he l9ks all human hi/ory4 ,! id5tical tree ar\nd :i* ga!r ?\s&s ( human c\rti]s e ye> em]g$1 a se$l+1 :ile ,nebu*adnezz> besieg$ ,j]usalem4 ,no man kn[s h[ old 8 pr$ecessors 7 :5 f9ally !y sank into dea?--mighty fall6 ,b ,john ,muir c\nt$ f\r ?\s& r+s 9 ! trunk ( "o fall5 giant1 :o mu/ h liv$ :ile ,ph>aoh /ill held captive ! ,*ildr5 ( ,israel4 ,! ,g5]al ,%]man ,tree ( ! ,giant ,=e/1 ! olde/ liv+ ?+ to-day1 s f> z ,i h be5 able to asc]ta91 probably has se5 ?irty-six hundr$ ye>s4 ,x is evid5t to ! unle>n$ obs]v] t1 :ile mature1 he is long %ort ( ! turn ( life4 ,a ?\s& ye>s f n[ he /ill may be ! e>?'s bigge/ & olde/ liv+ ?+2 h[ mu* beyond t none may v5ture to pr$ict4 ,picture1 n[1 ! ,giant ,=e/1 l>ge/ ( ! sev]al sequoia groves 9 ! ,sequoia ,national ,p>k4 ,y h ent]$1 say1 9 ! dusk ( ! night be=e1 & aft] breakfa/ w&] planless among ! trees4 ,on e side rise ! huge p9es & firs1 _! d>k columns spr++ f ! tangl$ bru% to support ! ca!dral ro( above4 ,"h an enorm\s purpli%-r$ column draws & holds y\r a/oni%$ eye4 ,x is a gigantic ?+ 9 comp>ison ) its mon/] neighbors2 x gl[s among _! dull columns2 x is clean & spotless amid _! mos%ung trunks2 bran*less1 x disappe>s among _! upp] foliage1 h9t+ at /eeple heights above4 ,yet y\r guide tells y t ?is tree is small2 t its diamet] is less ?an tw5ty feet2 t 9 age x is a y\ng/] ( only two ?\s& ye>s6 ,wait1 he tells y1 till y see ! ,g5]al ,%]man ,tree's ?irty-six & a half feet ( diamet]2 wait till y see ! hundr$s1 yes ?\s&s1 :i* surpass ?is infant6 ,b y he$ him n1 = y see ano!r back among ^? sug> p9es6 ,yes1 & !re's ano!r4 ,& !re on ! left are two or ?ree 9 a clump6 ,back 9 ! dim ca!dral aisles are r$di% gl[s :i* mu/ mean /ill o!rs4 ,y\r he>t is beat+ ) a /range emotion4 ,y look up at ! enorm\s limbs b5t at "r angles1 at ! canopy ( fea!ry foliage hang+ 9 t5 ?\s& huge plumes4 ,y cry al\d = ! %e] joy ( ?is great ?+1 & plunge into ! =e/'s he>t4 ,! ,giant ,=e/ conta9s sev]al ?\s& sequoia trees ( l>ge size1 & _m "y trees4 ,y see ^! small ones on e h&1 erect1 %>ply po9t$1 giv+ 9 e l9e a vivid impression ( quiv]+1 b\nd+ life4 ,lat] on1 z !y em]ge above ! ro( ( ! =e/1 = "s ( !m are m ?an ?ree hundr$ feet high1 !y lose _! %>p ambiti\s tops2 !y become gracefully r\nd$4 ,spr++ f se$ less ?an a qu>t] ( an in* 9 diamet]1 !y t5d1 l _! c\s9s ! r$woods1 to gr[ 9 gr\ps1 & ^! gr\ps t5d to gr[ 9 groves4 ,b !re are scatt]+ individuals 9 e grove1 & _m small isolat$ groves 9 ! ,si]ra4 ,! ,giant ,=e/ is ! l>ge/ grove ( greate/ trees4 ,! ,g5]al ,grant ,grove1 9 a small national p>k ( its own1 ne> by1 is ! second grove 9 size & importance2 its c5tral figure is ! ,g5]al ,grant ,tree1 second 9 size & age to ! ,g5]al ,%]man ,tree4 ,illu/ration3 ,f a photograph by ,s4,h4 ,will>d ,,bull ,,frog ,,lake1 ,,propos$ ,,roosevelt ,,national ,,p>k ,along ! cre/ ( ! ,si]ra ext5ds a region ( l(ty cirques & innum]able glaci]-f$ lakelets ,illu/ration3 ,,"u ,a ,,giant ,,sequoia ,f "r to left3 ,b5jam9 ,ide ,:eel]1 ,william ,loeb1 ,jr41 ,ni*olas ,murray ,butl]1 ,john ,muir1 ,surgeon-,g5]al ,rixey1 ,u4,s4,n41 ,!odore ,roosevelt1 !n ,presid5t1 ,george ,c4 ,p>dee1 & ,william ,h4 ,moody ,! dim5sions ( ! greate/ trees are a/oni%+4 ,glance at ?is table3 ---------------------------------------- ------- ,,height ,,diamet] ,,"n ,,feet ,,feet ---------------------------------------- ------- ,,giant ,,=e/ ,,grove ,g5]al ,%]man #bgi4i #cf4e ,abraham ,l9coln #bgj #ca ,william ,mc,kinley #bia #bh ,,muir ,,grove ,dalton #bib #bg ,,g>field ,,grove ,cali=nia #bfj #cj ,,g5]al ,,grant ,,grove ,g5]al ,grant #bfd #ce ,george ,wa%+ton #bee #bi ---------------------------------------- ------- ,! ,!odore ,roosevelt ,tree1 :i* has n be5 measur$ at ?is writ+1 is "o ( ! noble/ ( all1 p]fect 9 =m & color1 ab\nd+ 9 ! glory ( "y maturity4 ,to help realization at home ( ! maje/y ( ! ,g5]al ,%]man ,tree1 m>k its base diamet]1 ?irty-six & a half feet1 pla9ly aga9/ ! side ( "s build+1 pref]ably a *ur* ) a /eeple & neighbor+ trees2 !n measure two hundr$ & eighty feet1 its height1 ^u ! gr\nd at "r angles to ! *ur*2 !n /& on t spot &1 fac+ ! *ur*1 imag9e ! trunk ris+1 tap]+ slightly1 aga9/ ! build+'s side & ! sky above x2 !n sl[ly lift y\r eyes until y are look+ up into ! sky at an angle ( =ty-five degrees1 ?is to fix its height 7 x gr[+ 9 front ( ! *ur*4 ,imag9e its l[e/ bran*es1 ea* f> ?ick] ?an ! trunks ( ea/]n elms & oaks1 pu%+ horizontally out at a height above gr\nd ( a hundr$ & fifty feet1 :i* is high] ?an ! tops ( mo/ ( ! full-gr[n trees ( our ea/]n =e/s4 ,imag9e ^! limbs b5t horizontally at "r angles1 l huge elb[s1 z ?\gh hold+ its gre5 mantle close ab\t its =m4 ,imag9e ! upp] bran*es ne>ly b>e1 %att]$ p]haps by lightn+4 ,& imag9e its cr[n ( foliage1 d>k yell[i%-gre51 hang+ 9 enorm\s graceful plumes4 ,?is is ! ,k+ ( ,trees4 ,,iv ,,! ,,he>t ,,( ,,! ,,rockies ,,! ,,rocky ,,m\nta9 ,,national ,,p>k1 ,,nor? ,,c5tral ,,colorado4 ,,area1 #cih ,,squ>e ,,miles ,i ,! ,si]ra ,nevada ,m\nta9s ( ,cali=nia & ! ,cascade ,range ( ,cali=nia1 ,oregon1 & ,wa%+ton h ea* ?ree national p>ks :i* fully repres5t _! k9d & quality4 ,! great c5tral sy/em ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 ! ,rocky ,m\nta9s1 :i* also possess ?ree national p>ks1 are repres5t$ 9 k9d by only "o1 = ,yell[/one is an exceptional volcanic int]lude1 & ,glaci] is ! *ance upheaval ( %ales & lime/ones f a p]iod ant$at+ ! granite ,rockies by _m millions ( ye>s2 nei!r 9 any s5se exhibits ! nature & sc5ic quality ( ! backbone ( our cont95t4 ,?is is "o ( ! reasons = ! extraord9>y di/9ction ( ! res]vation appropriately call$ ! ,rocky ,m\nta9 ,national ,p>k1 namely t x is ! only true example ( ! cont95tal m\nta9 sy/em 9 ! catalogue ( our national p>ks4 ,x is well1 !re=e1 to lay ! f\ndations = a s\nd compreh5sion ( its diff]5tiat+ features4 ,! ,rocky ,m\nta9s1 :i* began to rise at ! close ( ! ,cretace\s ,p]iod at a rate s sl[ t geologi/s ?9k !y are mak+ a pace to-day z rapid z _! maximum1 ext5d f ! plateau ( ,new ,mexico nor?we/]ly until !y m]ge into ! m\nta9s ( ea/]n ,alaska4 ,9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates physiograph]s consid] !m 9 two gr\ps1 ! ,nor!rn ,rockies & ! ,s\!rn ,rockies1 ! po9t ( division be+ ! elevat$ ,wyom+ ,bas94 ,!re are num]\s ranges1 kn[n1 l ! ,wasat* ,m\nta9s1 by diff]5t names1 :i* nev]!less are consi/5t p>ts ( ! ,rocky ,m\nta9 ,sy/em4 ,! ,rockies atta9 _! mo/ impos+ mass & magnific5ce 9 _! s\!rn gr\p1 culm9at+ 9 ,colorado4 ,s /up5d\s is ?is heap+ toge!r ( granitic masses t 9 ,colorado alone are f\nd =ty-two ( ! fifty-five nam$ peaks 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates :i* atta9 ! altitude ( f\rte5 ?\s& feet4 ,( ! o!rs1 twelve are 9 ! ,si]ra ( ,cali=nia1 & "o1 ,m\nt ,ra9i]1 9 ,wa%+ton4 ,m\nt ,elb]t1 9 ,colorado1 our second highe/ peak1 rises )9 eighty-two feet ( ! height ( ,cali=nia's ,m\nt ,:itney1 our fir/ 9 rank2 ,colorado's ,m\nt ,massive atta9s an altitude only f\r feet less ?an ,wa%+ton's ,m\nt ,ra9i]1 :i* ranks ?ird4 ,9 po9t ( mass1 "o sev5? ( ,colorado rises above t5 ?\s& feet ( altitude4 ,! /ate conta9s ?ree hundr$ & fifty peaks above elev5 ?\s& feet ( altitude1 two hundr$ & tw5ty peaks above twelve ?\s& feet1 & a hundr$ & fifty peaks above ?irte5 ?\s& feet2 besides ! =ty-two nam$ peaks :i* exce$ f\rte5 ?\s& feet1 !re are at lea/ ?ree o!rs :i* are unnam$4 ,geologi/s call ! ,rockies "y1 by :i* !y mean any?+1 say1 f five to tw5ty million ye>s4 ,!y are m or less contempor>y ) ! ,si]ra4 ,l ! ,si]ra1 ! m\nta9s we see to-day are n ! fir/2 sev]al times _! ranges h uplift$ ^u wrecks ( =m] ranges1 :i* _h yield$ to ! assaults ( fro/ & ra94 ,be=e !y fir/ appe>$1 p>ts ( ! ,ea/]n ,appala*ians _h p>allel$ our ea/]n sea coa/ = _m million ye>s4 ,! ,age ( ,mammals _h well dawn$ be=e !y became a feature 9 a l&scape :i* previ\sly _h be5 a mid-cont95tal sea4 ,,ii ,! ,front ,range1 c>ry+ ! cont95tal divide1 is a gn>l$ & jagg$ ramp>t ( sn[-spla%$ granite fac+ ! ea/]n pla9s1 f :i* its grim summits may be se5 = _m miles4 ,/&+ out be=e x l capta9s 9 front ( gray ranks at p>ade rise ?ree conspicu\s m\nta9s1 ,longs ,peak1 fifty miles nor?we/ ( ,d5v]1 ,m\nt ,evans1 we/ ( ,d5v]1 & ,pikes ,peak1 sev5ty miles to ! s\?4 ,longs ,peak is directly connect$ ) ! cont95tal divide by a s]ies ( jagg$ cliffs4 ,m\nt ,evans is f>!r away4 ,pikes ,peak /&s s5t9el-l sev5ty-five miles ea/ ( ! range1 a gigantic monadnock1 rema9d] & rem9d] ( a =m] range long ages worn away4 ,?\gh _m massive m\nta9s ( great] altitude lie f>!r we/1 ! ,front ,range = _m reasons is repres5tative ( ! ,rockies' noble/4 ,to repres5t !m fully1 ! national p>k %\ld include ! ?ree s5t9el peaks & _! neighborhoods1 & x is e>ne/ly hop$ t ! day w come :5 ,congress w recognize ?is ne$4 ,at ?is writ+ only ! section ( greate/ v>iety & magnific5ce1 ! ne>ly f\r hundr$ squ>e miles ( :i* ,longs ,peak is ! climax1 has be5 ?us entitl$4 ,9 fact1 ev5 ?is 0 un=tunately curtail$ 9 ! mak+1 ! /raight s\!rn b\nd>y hav+ be5 arbitr>ily drawn ?r\gh ! range at a po9t ( sublimity1 ?r[+ out ( ! p>k ! ,/4 ,vra9 ,glaci]s :i* =m "o ( ! region's wilde/ & noble/ spectacles1 & ,arapaho ,peak & its glaci]s :i* 9 sev]al respects con/itute a climax 9 ,rocky ,m\nta9 sc5]y4 ,?us c>elessly cropp$1 despoil$ ( ! complet5ess :i* ,nature meant x to possess1 nev]!less ! ,rocky ,m\nta9 ,national ,p>k is a res]vation ( di/+ui%$ *>m & beauty4 ,x /raddles ! cont95tal divide1 :i* bisects x l5g?wise1 nor? & s\?4 ,! we/]n slopes rise g5tly to ! divide2 at ! divide1 ! ea/]n front drops 9 a precipice sev]al ?\s& feet deep1 out ( :i* fro/s1 ra9s1 glaci]s & /reams h g\g$ gigantic gulfs & granite-b\nd vales & canyons1 ^: int]v5+ cliffs are battlem5t$ walls & monoli?s4 ,illu/ration3 ,f a photograph by ,wiswall ,bro!rs ,,e/es ,,p>k ,,plateau1 ,,look+ ,,ea/ ,%[+ ! village & ! foo?ills1 :i* are remnants ( a =m] great range1 n[ almo/ wa%$ away by erosion2 ,rocky ,m\nta9 ,national ,p>k ,illu/ration3 ,f a photograph by ,wiswall ,bro!rs ,,front ,,range ,,( ,,! ,,rockies ,,f ,,bi]/adt ,,lake ,f "r to left3 ,flattop ,m\nta91 ,tyndall ,glaci]1 ,hallett ,peak1 ,otis ,peak1 ,&rews ,glaci] ,z if ^! features 7 n en\gh to diff]5tiate ?is national p>k f any o!r1 ,nature has provid$ /ill ano!r elem5t ( popul>ity & di/9ction4 ,ea/ ( ?is spl5did ramp>t spreads a broad area ( roll+ plateau1 c>pet$ ) wild fl[]s1 edg$ & dott$ ) luxuriant groves ( p9e1 spruce1 fir1 & asp51 & div]sifi$ ) hills & craggy m\nta9s1 c>v$ rock walls1 long =e/-gr[n mora9es & picturesque rav9es2 a /ream-wat]$1 lake-dott$ summ] & w9t] pleasure p>adise ( great size1 b\nd$ on ! nor? & we/ by sn[-spatt]$ mon/]s1 & on ! ea/ & s\? by craggy wood$ foo?ills1 only less 9 size1 & no less 9 beauty ?an ! levia?ans ( ! ma9 range4 ,"h is summ] liv+ room en\gh = sev]al hundr$ ?\s& soj\rn]s f ^: com=table camps & hotels ! wild he>t ( ! ,rockies may be visit$ afoot or on horseback betwe5 e>ly breakfa/ & late supp] at home4 ,?is plateau has be5 kn[n to summ] visitors = _m ye>s "u ! titles ( sev]al settlem5ts2 ,mora9e ,p>k1 ,horse%oe ,p>k1 & ,longs ,peak1 ea* _h its hotels long be=e ! national p>k 0 creat$2 ,e/es ,p>k & ,all5's ,p>k on ! ea/ side1 & ,gr& ,lake on ! we/ side lie j outside ! p>k b\nd>ies1 purposely exclud$ because ( _! consid]able areas ( privately own$ l&4 ,e/es ,p>k1 ! pr9cipal village & ! di/ribut+ c5tre ( all incom+ r\tes f ! ea/1 is ! ,ea/]n ,gateway2 ,gr& ,lake is ! ,we/]n ,gateway4 ,& /ill !re is ano!r di/9ction1 "o :i* w probably always hold = ,rocky ,m\nta9 its pres5t great lead 9 popul>ity4 ,t is its position ne>] to ! middle ( ! c\ntry ?an o!r great national p>ks1 & its accessibility f l>ge c5tres ( population4 ,d5v]1 :i* claims ) "s ju/ice ! title ( ,gateway to ! ,national ,p>ks1 mean+ ( c\rse ! ea/]n gateway to ! we/]n p>ks1 is )9 ?irty h\rs by rail f ,*icago & ,/4 ,l\is1 ?r\gh "o or o!r ( :i* mo/ travell]s f ! ea/ f9d x conv5i5t to rea* ! we/4 ,x is simil>ly conv5i5tly locat$ = t\r+ motori/s1 ) :om all ! national p>ks are becom+ ev] m popul>4 ,f ,d5v] sev]al railroads lead to ea/-side t[ns1 f :i* ! p>k is rea*$ by motor /ages ?r\gh ! foo?ills1 & a motor /age l9e runs directly f ,d5v] to ,e/es ,p>k1 p>allel+ ! range4 ,! we/ side is rea*$ ?r\gh ,granby4 ,,iii ,entry to ! p>k by any r\te is dramatic4 ,if ! visitor comes ! all-motor way ?r\gh ,w>d he picks up ! range at ,arapaho ,peak1 & foll[s x closely = miles4 ,if he comes by any ( ! rail r\tes1 8 motor /age em]ges f ! foo?ills ^u a sudd5 spectacle ( magnific5ce--! sn[y range1 its highe/ summits cr[n$ ) cl\d1 loom+ ^u ! horizon across ! peaceful plateau4 ,by any r\te ! appe>ance ( ! range beg9s a panorama ( ev]-*ang+ beauty & inspiration1 ^: progress w outlive _m a summ]'s /ay4 ,hav+ settl$ himself 9 "o ( ! hotels or camps ( ! ea/-side plateau1 ! visitor faces ! *oice betwe5 two practical ways ( enjoy+ himself4 ,he may1 z ! majority seem to pref]1 sp5d 8 weeks 9 ! simple recreations famili> 9 our ea/]n hill & c\ntry resorts2 he may motor a little1 walk a little1 fi% a little 9 ! ,big ,?ompson & its tribut>ies1 read & botanize a little 9 ! mead[s & groves1 golf a little on ! excell5t c\rses1 climb a little on ! less] m\nta9s1 & dance or play bridge 9 hotel p>lors at night4 ,or else he may avail himself ( ! extraord9>y opportunity :i* ,nature (f]s him 9 ! m\nta9s :i* spr+ f 8 com=table plateau1 ! opportunity ( ent]+ into ,nature's v work%op & ( /udy+1 ) h] = 8 tea*]1 ! inn] secrets & ! mighty examples ( creation4 ,9 all our national p>ks ,i h wond]$ at ! cont5tm5t ( ! multitude ) ! less :5 ! great]1 & su* a great]1 0 !re = ! tak+4 ,b ,i ceas$ to criticize ! s-call$ popul> po9t ( view :5 ,i realiz$ t its pr9cipal cause 0 ignorance ( ! weal? )9 grasp r ?an delib]ate *oice ( ! m commonplace2 in/ead1 ,i write ?is book1 hop+ t x may help ! cause ( ! great] pleasure4 ,especially is ! ,rocky ,m\nta9 ,national ,p>k ! l& ( opportunity because ( its accessibility1 & ( ! ease ) :i* its inmo/ sanctu>ies may be ent]$1 exam9$1 & appreciat$4 ,! /ory is disclos$ at e /ep4 ,9 fact ! revelation beg9s 9 ! foo?ills on ! way 9 f ! railroad1 = ! r$ iron-/a9$ cliffs se5 ^u _! ea/]n edges are rema9d]s ( =m] ,rocky ,m\nta9s :i* disappe>$ by erosion millions ( ye>s ago4 ,! foo?ills !mselves are remnants ( m\nta9s :i* once 7 mu* l(ti] ?an n[1 & ! picturesque canyon ( ! ,big ,?ompson1 ?r\gh :i* x may h be5 y\r good =tune to ent] ! p>k1 is ! /ream-cut outlet ( a lake or gr\p ( lakes :i* once cov]$ mu* ( ! national p>k plateau4 ,summ] life on ! plateau is z effective z a tonic4 ,! altitude v>ies f sev5 to n9e ?\s& feet2 ,rocky ,m\nta9's valley bottoms are high] ?an ! summits ( _m peaks ( celebrity else:]e4 ,on e h& /ret* miles ( tumbl$ mead[s & craggy cliffs4 ,_m are ! excell5t roads1 ^u :i* clu/]1 at int]vals ( miles1 gr\ps ( hotels & camps4 ,"h "o may *oose 8 own fa%ion ( liv+1 = ^! ho/elries range f ! mo/ =mal & luxuri\s hotel to ! simple/ collection ( t5ts or log cab9s ar\nd a c5tral log d9+ /ructure4 ,"s ( ^! camps are picturesque1 ! gr[? ( ye>s f ! orig9al log hut4 ,"s are equipp$ ) mod]n com=ts2 o!rs are z primitive z _! beg9n+s4 ,all ! l>g] resorts h /ables ( rid+ horses1 = rid+ is ! fa%ion ev5 ) ^? :o d n v5ture into ! m\nta9s4 ,or1 "o may camp out 9 ! good old-fa%ion$ way1 & fry 8 own morn+ bacon ov] 8 fire ( /icks4 ,:]ev] "o lives1 h[ev] "o lives1 9 ?is broad tablel&1 he is "u ! spell ( ! range4 ,! call ( ! m\nta9s is ev] pres5t4 ,rid+1 walk+1 motor+1 fi%+1 golf+1 sitt+ "u ! trees ) a book1 cont9ually he lifts 8 eyes to _! calm heights4 ,unconsci\sly he ?r[s !m ! fir/ morn+ glance4 ,in/9ctively he gazes long ^u _! gleam+ moonlit summits be=e turn+ 9 at night4 ,9 "t !y possess 8 _s4 ,!y calm him1 exalt him1 ennoble him4 ,unconsci\sly he comes to "k !m 9 all _! myriad moods4 ,cold & /]n be=e sunrise1 brilliant & vivid 9 mid-morn+1 s(t & re/ful t[>d ev5+1 gorge\sly color$ at sunset1 angry1 at times t]rify+1 9 /orm1 _! fasc9ation nev] weak5s1 _! beauty *anges b x does n less54 ,m\nta9s ( ! height ( ^! live 9 con/ant communion ) ! sky4 ,mummy ,m\nta9 9 ! nor? & ,longs ,peak 9 ! s\? cont9ually ga!r h&fuls ( fleecy cl\d4 ,a doz5 times a day a mi/ appe>s 9 ! blue1 z if entangl$ :ile pass+ ! t[]+ summit4 ,a few mom5ts lat] x is a t9y cl\d2 !n1 :ile y wat*1 x ?ick5s & spreads & hides ! peak4 ,t5 m9utes lat]1 p]haps1 x dissipates z rapidly z x ga!r$1 leav+ ! granite photograph$ aga9/ ! blue4 ,or x may broad5 & settle till x cov]s a va/ acreage ( sky & drops a brief %[] 9 ne>-by valleys1 :ile mead[s half a mile away are /eep$ 9 sun%9e4 ,!n1 9 a tw9kl+1 all is cle> aga94 ,sometimes1 :5 ! cle>+ comes1 ! summit is :ite ) sn[4 ,& sometimes1 /&+ ^u a high peak 9 a blaze ( sun%9e f a cle>$ sky1 "o may look d[n = a few mom5ts ^u ! top ( "o ( ^! settl$ cl\ds1 kn[+ t x is spr9kl+ ! hidd5 valley4 ,! *>m ( ! m\nta9s f bel[ may satisfy _m1 b soon] or lat] temptation is sure to beset4 ,! desire comes to see close up ^? mon/]s ( my/]y4 ,_m1 includ+ mo/ wom51 ignorant ( rew>ds1 refuse to v5ture because !y fe> h>d%ip4 ,i c nev] climb m\nta9s 9 ?is r>efi$ air1 pleads "o1 & 9 mo/ cases ?is is true2 x is important t p]sons unus$ to ! high] altitudes be temp]ate & discreet4 ,b ! lungs & muscles ( a well-tra9$ m\nta9 horse are always obta9able1 & ! lea/ practice w tea* ! unaccu/om$ rid] t all he has to d is to sit 8 saddle limply & leave ev]y?+ else to ! horse4 ,x is my pr\d boa/ t ,i c climb any m\nta91 no matt] h[ high & difficult1 up :i* my horse c c>ry me4 ,& s1 at la/ & inevitably1 we asc5d into ! m\nta9s4 ,,iv ,! m\nta9s )9 ! p>k fall naturally 9 two gr\p+s4 ,! ,front ,range cuts ! s\!rn b\nd>y midway & runs nor? to ,longs ,peak1 :]e x sw+s we/]ly & c>ries ! cont95tal divide out ( ! p>k at its nor?we/]n corn]4 ,! ,mummy ,range occupies ! p>k's entire nor? end4 ,! two are jo9$ by a ridge #aa1ejj feet 9 altitude1 ov] :i* ! ,fall ,riv] ,road is build+ to connect ! ea/ & ! we/ sides ( ! p>k4 ,! less] ( ^! two1 ! ,mummy ,range1 is a m\nta9 gr\p ( di/+ui%$ beauty4 ,its climax is an arc ( gray mon/]s1 ,ypsilon ,m\nta91 #ac1ejg feet1 ,m\nt ,fair*ild1 #ac1ejb feet1 ,hagues ,peak1 #ac1efb feet1 & ,m\nt ,dunrav51 #ab1cbf feet2 ^! ga!r ar\nd ,mummy ,m\nta9 ) its #ac1dac feet4 ,a noble company1 inde$1 h]d$ 9 close comrade%ip1 ! c5tre ( _m squ>e miles ( summits sc>cely less4 ,ypsilon's big ,greek lett]1 outl9$ 9 p]petual sn[1 is "o ( ! fam\s l&m>ks ( ! nor!rn end4 ,hagues ,peak supports ,hallett ,glaci]1 ! mo/ int]e/+ 9 ! p>k4 ,dunrav51 alo( & ( sl5d]] outl9e1 (f]s m>k$ contra/ to ! enorm\s sprawl+ bulk ( ,mummy1 always port5t\s1 (t5 capp$ ) cl\ds4 ,! range is split by _m f9e canyons & dott$ ) glacial lakes1 an undevelop$ wild]ness design$ by k9dly nature = summ] exploration4 ,b x is ! ,front ,range1 ! sn[y p9nacl$ ramp>t1 :i* comm&s pr(\nde/ att5tion4 ,f ,specim5 ,m\nta9 9 ! f> nor?we/1 a spill ( lava1 n[ ! haunt ( m\nta9 %eep1 ! cont95tal divide s\?w>d piles climax ^u climax4 ,foll[+ x at an elevation well exce$+ twelve ?\s& feet1 ! h>dy1 v5turesome climb] looks we/w>d d[n a slope ( bald granite1 ?ickly /rewn ) b\ld]s2 ea/w>d he gazes into a succession ( gigantic gorges dropp+ ^u ! ea/1 =e/ gr[n1 lake-set canyons deep 9 mid-=egr\nd1 ! great plateau spread+ to its foo?ills f> beyond ! canyons1 ) n[ & !n a sun gl9t f "s irrigation pond beyond ! foo?ills on ! mi/y pla9s ( ea/]n ,colorado4 ,pa/ ! monoli? ( ,t]ra ,tomah ,peak1 ) its f9e glacial gorge ( _m lakes1 pa/ ! ,sprague ,glaci]1 l>ge/ ( ! sev]al %runk5 fields ( mov+ ice :i* /ill rema91 he f9ds1 f ! summit ( ,flattop ,m\nta91 a broad spectacle ( real sublimity4 ,b !re is a great] viewpo9t close at h&4 ,cross+ ! ,flattop ,trail :i* "h asc5ds f ! settlem5ts bel[ on its way to ! we/ side1 & skirt+ ! top ( ! ,tyndall ,glaci]1 a scramble ( f\r hundr$ feet l&s him on ! summit ( ,hallett ,peak1 #ab1gbe feet 9 altitude4 ,"h inde$ is rew>d4 ,bel[ him lies ! %e] abyss ( ! ,tyndall ,gorge1 ,dream ,lake1 a drop ( turquoise 9 its dep?s2 beyond x a mora9e rea*es out ^u ! plateau--six miles 9 l5g?1 a mile & m 9 wid?1 ne>ly a ?\s& feet 9 height1 hold+ ,bi]/adt ,lake ^u its level =e/$ cr[n1 an eloqu5t rem9d] ( t anci5t "t :5 enorm\s glaci]s ripp$ ! granite f ^! gorges to heap x 9 long w9d+ hills ^u ! pla9s bel[4 ,turn+ s\!rly1 ! ,wild ,g>d5s fur!r spread be=e 8 gaze1 a tumble ( granite masses ris+ f lake-dott$1 ri*ly =e/$ bottoms4 ,! entrance to ,lo* ,vale1 gem canyon ( ! ,rockies1 lies 9 ! valley =egr\nd4 ,adjo9+ x1 ! entrance to ,glaci] ,gorge1 %[+ "o ( its sev]al lakes1 re/s 9 peaceful contra/ ) its impressive ea/]n wall1 a long1 w9d+1 %>p-edg$ buttress pu%+ s\?w>d & upw>d to support ! nor!rn %\ld] ( ! mon/]1 ,longs ,peak1 ^: squ>$ summit1 f "h = all ! _w l a *ef's cap1 outl9es %>ply aga9/ ! sky4 ,hallett ,peak welcomes ! climb] to ! ,he>t ( ! ,rockies at p]haps _! mo/ gorge\s po9t4 ,s\? ( ,hallett difficult go+ w disclose new viewpo9ts ( supreme wildness4 ,otis ,peak1 ne>ly z high z ,hallett1 looks d[n ^u ! ,&rews ,glaci]1 & displays ! l5g? ( ,lo* ,vale1 at ^: head t[]s ,taylor ,peak1 a giant exce$+ ?irte5 ?\s& feet4 ,i h n sket*$ ?is t\r ( ! cont95tal divide z a sugge/ion = travel1 = !re are no trails1 & none b ! m\nta9e]1 exp]i5c$ 9 pione]+1 c\ld accompli% x ) pleasure & success1 b z a conv5i5t mode ( pictur+ ! glories ( ! cont95tal divide4 ,"s day a trail1 ev5 p]haps a road1 = "o is practicable1 %\ld make x fully accessible to ! great] public4 ,meantime ,flattop ,trail invites valley dwell]s ( all degrees1 afoot & horseback1 up to a po9t on ! divide f :i* ,hallett's summit & its /up5d\s view is no great conque/4 ,! gorges ( ! ,wild ,g>d5s are mo/ enjoy$ f bel[4 ,trails ( no difficulty lead f ! settlem5ts to ,f]n & ,odessa ,lakes 9 a canyon unsurpass$2 to ,be> ,lake at ! outlet ( ! ,tyndall ,gorge2 to ,lo* ,vale1 ^: fl[]-c>pet$ t]races & cirque lakelets1 ,sky ,pond & ! ,lake ( ,glass1 are encircl$ ) mighty canyon walls2 & to ,glaci] ,gorge1 :i* leads to ! foot ( ,longs ,peak's we/]n precipice4 ,^! are spots1 ea* a day's r\nd trip f conv5i5t ov]night hotels1 :i* des]ve all ! fame t w be !irs :5 ! p come to "k !m1 = z yet only a few hundr$s a summ] ( ,rocky ,m\nta9's hundr$ ?\s& take ! tr\ble to visit !m4 ,to bett] und]/& ! *>m ( ^! gray mon/]s1 & ! valleys & *asms betwe5 _! knees1 we mu/ pause a mom5t to picture :at ar*itects call ! plant+1 = trees & %rubs & fl[]s play z important a "p 9 ! in=mal ar*itectural s*eme ( ! ,front ,range z !y d 9 ! =mality ( a palace4 ,x w be recall$ t ! zones ( vegetation f ! equator to ! froz5 ice fields ( ! f> nor? f9d _! c\nt]p>ts 9 altitude4 ,! foo?ills bord]+ ! ,rocky ,m\nta9 ,national ,p>k lie 9 ! au/ral zone ( our middle & ea/]n /ates2 its spl5did ea/-side plateau & int]-m\nta9 valleys repres5t ! luxuriance ( ! ,canadian zone2 its m\nta9s pass rapidly up 9 a few ?\s& feet ?r\gh ! ,hudsonian zone1 includ+ timb]-l9e at ab\t #aa1ejj feet2 & its highe/ summits c>ry only ! mosses1 li*5s1 /unt$ grasses1 & t9y alp9e fl[]ets ( ! ,arctic ,zone4 ,?us "o may walk wai/ deep ?r\gh ! m>vell\s wild fl[] mead[s ( ,lo* ,vale1 bord]$ by luxuriant =e/s ( maje/ic ,engelmann spruce1 p9es1 firs1 junip]s1 & _m decidu\s %rubs1 & look upw>d at ! gradations ( all vegetation to ! arctic seas4 ,especially int]e/+ is ! revelation :5 "o takes x 9 ord]1 climb+ into ! range4 ,! ,fall ,riv] ,road displays x1 b n dramatically2 ! =e/ approa* is too long1 ! climb into ! ,hudsonian ,zone too %ort1 & n typical4 ,! same is true ( ! trail up beautiful ,=e/ ,canyon4 ,! rev]se is true ( ! ,ute ,trail1 :i* br+s "o too quickly to ! /up5d\s arctic summit ( ,trail ,ridge4 ,! ,flattop ,trail is 9 _m respects ! mo/ satisfy+1 p>ticul>ly if "o takes ! "t to make ! summit ( ,hallett ,peak1 & hunts = arctic fl[]ets on ! way4 ,b "o may also accompli% ! purpose 9 ,lo* ,vale by climb+ all ! way to ,sky ,pond1 at ! v foot ( /eep little ,taylor ,glaci]1 or by asc5d+ ,glaci] ,gorge to its head1 or by climb+ ! ,tw9 ,si/]s1 or ,longs ,peak z f> z ,b\ld] ,field1 or up ! ,/4 ,vra9 valley to ! top ( ,mead[ ,m\nta91 or ,m\nt ,copel&4 ,all ( ^! asc5ts are made by fair trails1 & all display ! fasc9at+ spectacle ( timb]-l9e1 :i* 9 ,rocky ,m\nta9 ,national ,p>k1 ,i believe1 atta9s its mo/ satisfy+ popul> expression2 by :i* ,i mean t "h ! panorama ( ! ev]la/+ /ruggle betwe5 ! ambiti\s climb+ =e/s & ! w9t] gales ( ! summits seems to be cond5s$ & summ>iz$1 to borr[ a figure f ! textbooks1 z ,i h n happ5$ to f9d x else:]e4 ,foll[+ up "s %elt]$ =e/$ rav9e to its head1 we sw+ out ^u ! w9d-swept slopes lead+ /raight to ! summit4 ,sn[ pat*es increase 9 size & numb] z ! conif]s ?9 & %r9k4 ,pres5tly ! trees b5d ea/w>d1 p]man5tly mis-%ap$ by ! icy w9t] bla/s4 ,pres5tly !y curve 9 semi-circles1 or rise bravely 9 ! lee ( "s great rock1 to b5d at "r angles f its top4 ,"h & !re are full-gr[n trees gr[+ pro/rate1 l a rug1 ^u ! gr\nd4 ,close to ! summit trees %r9k to ! size ( %rubs1 b "s ( ^! h heavy trunks a few feet high1 & d\btless h atta9$ _! fulness ( developm5t4 ,gradually !y ?9 & disappe>1 giv+ place to wiry1 p[]ful1 decidu\s %rubs1 & ^! 9 turn to gr[?s /ill small]4 ,!re are =e/s ( will[s j above ,rocky ,m\nta9's timb]-l9e1 two or ?ree in*es tall1 & _m acres 9 ext5t4 ,f ! ,front ,range1 well 9 ! s\? ( ! p>k1 a spur ( too!d granite peaks spr+s two miles ea/w>d to ! mon>* ( ! p>k1 ,longs ,peak4 ,x is ?is position 9 advance ( ! range1 z mu* z ! advantage ( its #ad1bee feet ( altitude1 :i* enables ?is fam\s m\nta9 to become ! climax ( e ea/-side view4 ,longs ,peak has a rem>kable p]sonality4 ,x is an ar*itectural creation1 a solid granite temple1 /rongly buttress$ ^u f\r sides4 ,f e po9t ( view x is pr(\ndly diff]5t1 b always consi/5t & recognizable4 ,se5 f ! ea/1 x is support$ on ei!r side by m\nta9s ( maje/y4 ,jo9$ ) x on ! nor?1 ,m\nt ,lady ,wa%+ton rises #ac1bfi feet1 ! cleft betwe5 _! summits be+ ! way ( ! trail to ,longs ,peak summit4 ,m]g+ ) x 9 mass ^u ! s\?1 ,m\nt ,meek] rises #ac1iaa feet4 ,once ! ?ree 7 "o mon/] m\nta94 ,fro/s & ra9s c>ri$ (f ! cru/ /rata1 b>$ ! granite core1 & *ipp$ x into ?ree summits1 :ile a glaci] ( l>ge size g\g$ out ( its middle ! abyss :i* divides ! m\nta9s1 & c>v$ ! precipice1 :i* drops tw5ty-f\r hundr$ feet f ,longs ,peak summit to ,*asm ,lake4 ,! ,*asm1 :i* is easily rea*$ by trail f ! hotels at ! m\nta9's foot1 is "o ( ! wilde/ places 9 ,am]ica4 ,x may be explor$ 9 a day4 ,m\nta9 climb+ is becom+ ! fa%ion 9 ,rocky ,m\nta9 ,national ,p>k among ^? :o nev] climb$ be=e1 & x w n be _m ye>s be=e its inmo/ recesses are p5etrat$ by innum]able tramp]s & camp]s4 ,! /unt ( ! p>k is ! asc5t ( ,longs ,peak4 ,?is is no p>ticul> matt] = ! exp]i5c$1 = ! trail is well worn1 & ! asc5t may be made on horseback to ! b\ld] field1 less ?an two ?\s& feet f ! summit2 b to ! inexp]i5c$ x appe>s an und]tak+ ( fir/ magnitude4 ,f ! b\ld] field ! trail c>ries out ^u a long %>p slant :i* drops into ! precipice ( ,glaci] ,gorge1 & asc5ds ! box-l summit cap by a %elf trail :i* sometimes has t]rors = ! unaccu/om$4 ,sev]al hundr$ p]sons make ! asc5t ea* summ] )\t accid5t1 includ+ _m wom5 & a few *ildr54 ,! "o risk is t accid5tal sn[ obscure ! trail2 b ,longs ,peak is n (t5 asc5d$ )\t a guide4 ,! view f ! summit ( ! entire national p>k1 ( ! spl5did range s\? :i* %\ld be 9 ! p>k b is n1 ( ! foo?ills & pond-spott$ pla9s 9 ! ea/1 ( ,d5v] & h] m\nta9 backgr\nd1 & ( ! ,m$ic9e ,b[ & o!r ranges we/ ( ! p>k1 is "o ( ! c\ntry's great spectacles4 ,longs ,peak is sometimes climb$ at night = ! sunrise4 ,! six miles ( range betwe5 ,longs ,peak & ! s\!rn b\nd>y ( ! p>k %[ five t[]+ sn[-spott$ m\nta9s ( noble beauty1 ,m\nt ,alice1 ,tanima ,peak1 ,mahana ,peak1 ,ouzel ,peak1 & ,m\nt ,copel&4 ,tribut>y to ! ,wild ,bas91 :i* corresponds1 s\? ( ,longs ,peak1 to ! ,wild ,g>d5s nor? ( x1 are gorges ( lovel9ess ! wat]s ( ^: exquisite lakes swell ,/4 ,vra9 ,creek4 ,! ,wild ,bas9 is "o ( ,rocky ,m\nta9's l&s ( ! future4 ,! entire we/ side is ano!r1 =1 except = ! lively settlem5t at ,gr& ,lake1 its peaks & canyons1 mead[s1 lakes1 & valleys are seldom visit$4 ,x is natural t ! ea/ side1 ) its broad] plateaus & %[i] range1 %\ld h ! fir/ developm5t1 b no accessible c\ntry ( ! spl5did beauty ( ! we/ side c long rema9 neglect$4 ,its unique feature is ! broad & beautiful valley ( ! ,nor? ,=k ( ! ,gr& ,riv]1 "h />t+ = its great adv5ture 9 ! ,gr& ,canyon ( ! ,colorado4 ,illu/ration3 ,f a photograph by ,wiswall ,bro!rs ,,summit ,,( ,,longs ,,peak1 ,,rocky ,,m\nta9 ,,national ,,p>k ,tw5ty-f\r hundr$ feet f wat] to peak1 a mighty *asm c>v$ by an anci5t glaci] ,v ,! ,rockies are a ma/]piece ( erosion4 ,:5 =ces bel[ ! surface began to pu% !m high 9 air1 _! granite cores 7 cov]$ ?\s&s ( feet deep ) ! s$im5ts ( ! great sea ( ^: bottom once !y 7 a "p4 ,! high] !y rose ! m insi/5tly fro/s & ra9s conc5trat$ ^u _! uplift+ summits2 9 "t all s$im5t>y rocks 7 wa%$ away1 & ! granite b5ea? expos$4 ,!n ! fro/s & ra9s1 & lat] ! glaci]s1 attack$ ! granite1 & c>v$ x into ! jagg$ =ms ( to-day4 ,! glaci]s m\ld$ ! gorges :i* ! /reams _h cut4 ,! glaci]s h pass$1 b /ill ! "w goes on4 ,sl[ly ! m\nta9s rise1 & sl[ly1 b n s sl[ly1 ! fro/s *isel & ! ra9s c>ry away4 ,if conditions rema9 z n[1 hi/ory w aga9 repeat itself1 & ! gorge\s peaks ( to-day w decl9e1 a million ye>s or m f n[1 into ! l[ r\nd$ summits ( our ea/]n ,appala*ians1 & lat] into ! flat1 soil-hidd5 granites ( ,canada4 ,^! processes may be se5 9 practical example4 ,asc5d ! precipit\s ea/ side by ! ,flattop ,trail1 = in/ance1 & notice p>ticul>ly ! broad1 roll+ level ( ! cont95tal divide4 ,= _m miles x is no?+ b a l(ty1 b>e1 undulat+ pla91 int]sp]s$ ) summits1 b easy to travel except = its accumulation ( imm5se loose b\ld]s4 ,?is pla9 slopes g5tly t[>d ! we/1 & pres5tly breaks1 z on ! ea/1 into cliffs & canyons4 ,x is a /age 9 ! r$uction by erosion ( m\nta9s :i*1 except = erosion1 might h ris5 _m ?\s&s ( feet high]4 ,geologi/s call x a p5epla91 :i* means ne>ly-a-pla92 x is f fragm5t>y rema9s ( p5epla9s t !y trace ranges long ages wa%$ away4 ,hi/ory may1 9 "s dim future age1 repeat /ill ano!r wond]1 = ^u ! flatt5$ wreck ( ! ,front ,range may rise1 by "s e>? movem5t1 a new & ev5 nobl] range4 ,b :at ab\t ! precipit\s ea/]n front8 ,t ma/]piece 0 begun by wat]1 accompli%$ by ice1 & f9i%$ by wat]4 ,9 ! beg9n+1 /reams det]m9$ ! direction ( ! valleys & c>v$ ^! valleys deep4 ,!n came1 9 v rec5t times1 z geologi/s measure e>?'s hi/ory1 ! ,great ,ice ,age4 ,z a result ( fall+ temp]ature1 ! m\nta9s became cov]$1 except _! high] summits & ! cont95tal divide1 ) glaci]s4 ,^! came 9 at lea/ two invasions1 & rema9$ _m hundr$s ( ?\s&s ( ye>s4 ,:5 *ang+ climate melt$ !m away1 ! ,rocky ,m\nta9 ,national ,p>k rema9$ n greatly diff]5t f :at x is to-day4 ,fro/s & ra9s h s(t5$ & beautifi$ x s9ce4 ,^! glaci]s1 fir/ =m+ 9 ! b$s ( /reams by ! accumulations ( sn[ :i* pres5tly turn$ to ice & mov$ sl[ly d[n ! valleys1 began at once to pluck out blocks ( granite f _! />t+-po9ts1 & settle !mselves 9 cirques4 ,!y pluck$ d[nw>d & backw>d1 und]m9+ _! cirque walls until fall+ granite left precipices2 arm$ ) imprison$ rocks1 !y g\g$ & scrap$ _! b$s1 & ^! processes1 con/antly repeat$ = ?\s&s ( c5turies1 produc$ ! m\nta9 =ms1 ! giant gorges1 ! enorm\s precipices1 & ! r\nd$ granite valleys ( ! /up5d\s ea/ elevation ( ! ,front ,range4 ,!re is a good illu/ration 9 ,iceb]g ,lake1 ne> ! base ( ,trail ,ridge on ! ,ute ,trail4 ,?is precipit\s well1 :i* e visitor to ,rocky ,m\nta9 %\ld see1 orig9ally 0 an ice-fill$ holl[ 9 ! high surface ( ! ridge4 ,:5 ! ,fall ,riv] ,glaci] mov$ ea/w>d1 ! ice 9 ! holl[ slipp$ d[n to jo9 x1 & by t v motion became itself a glaci]4 ,d[nw>d & backw>d pluck+ 9 ! cirque :i* x pres5tly made1 & ! fall+ ( ! und]m9$ walls1 produc$ 91 say1 a few hundr$ ?\s& ye>s ?is /rik+ well1 ^u ^: lake's surface visitors ( to-day w f9d cakes ( float+ ice1 brok5 f ! slop+ sn[-field :i* is ! old glaci]'s rema9d] & repres5tative ( to-day4 ,! glaci]s :i* %ap$ ,rocky ,m\nta9's big canyons _h enorm\s size & ?ickness4 ,ice /reams f scores ( glacial cirques jo9$ fan-l to =m ! ,wild ,bas9 ,glaci]1 :i* swept out ?r\gh ! n>r[ valley ( ,/4 ,vra94 ,f\r glaci]s head$ at ,longs ,peak1 "o we/ ( ,m\nt ,meek]1 :i* gave into ! ,wild ,bas92 "o we/ ( ,longs ,peak1 :i* jo9$ ! comb9ation ( glaci]s t holl[$ ,lo* ,vale2 "o ^u ! nor?1 :i* m\ld$ ,glaci] ,gorge2 & ! small b p[]ful glaci] :i* holl[$ ! great ,*asm on ! ea/ front ( ,longs ,peak4 ,! ,lo* ,vale & ,glaci] ,gorge glaci]s jo9$ ) giant ice /reams z f> nor? z ,tyndall ,gorge to =m ! ,b>?olf ,glaci]2 & nor? ( t ! mighty ,?ompson ,glaci] dra9$ ! divide to ! head ( ,=e/ ,canyon1 :ile ! ,fall ,riv] ,glaci] dra9$ ! ,mummy ,range s\? ( ,hagues ,peak4 ,^! und\bt$ly 7 ! ma9 glacial /reams ( ^? anci5t days1 ! ag5cies responsible = ! gorge\s spectacle we n[ enjoy4 ,! great] glaci]s rea*$ a ?ickness ( two ?\s& feet2 !y h left records scrat*$ high ^u ! granite walls4 ,z ! glaci]s mov$ d[n _! valleys !y c>ri$1 imprison$ 9 _! bodies & heap$ ^u _! backs & sides1 ! plund] f _! wreckage ( ! range4 ,?is !y heap$ z l>ge mora9es 9 ! broad valleys4 ,! mora9es ( ! ,rocky ,m\nta9 ,national ,p>k are unequall$1 9 my obs]vation1 = numb]1 size1 & /ory-tell+ ability4 ,!y are conspicu\s features ( ! great plateau ^u ! ea/1 & ( ! broad valley ( ! ,gr& ,riv] we/ ( ! p>k4 ,ev5 ! casual visitor ( a day is /irr$ to curiosity by ! /raight1 high wall ( ! great mora9e = :i* ,mora9e ,p>k is nam$1 & by ! high curv$ hill :i* spr+s f ! nor!a/]n %\ld] ( ,longs ,peak1 & encircles ! ea/]n foot ( ,m\nt ,meek]4 ,illu/ration3 ,f a photograph by ,willis ,t4 ,lee ,,! ,,&rews ,,glaci] ,,hangs ,,f ,,! ,,cont95tal ,,divide ,a glaci] 9 ! ,rocky ,m\nta9 ,national ,p>k :i* c be /udi$ by visitors ,illu/ration3 ,f a photograph by ,h4,t4 ,c[l+ ,a ,,rocky ,,m\nta9 ,,cirque ,,c>v$ ,,f ,,solid ,,granite ,iceb]g ,lake 0 cut eighte5 hundr$ feet deep by an anci5t glaci] ,^! & o!r mora9es are fasc9at+ features ( any visit to ,rocky ,m\nta9 ,national ,p>k4 ,! motor roads disclose !m1 ! trails travel !m4 ,9 comb9ation ) ! gulfs1 ! %elv$ canyons & ! sc>r$ & s]rat$ peaks & walls1 ^! mora9es (f] ! visitor a ?rill+ my/]y /ory ( ! pa/1 ! unravell+ ( ^: ?reads & ! recon/ruction ( ^: plot & climax w add ze/ & int]e/ to a summ]'s out+1 & br+ him1 incid5tally1 9 close communion ) nature 9 a ?\s& happy moods4 ,,vi ,! limitations ( a *apt] p]mit no m5tion ( ! gigantic prehi/oric mon/]s ( l&1 sea1 & air :i* once haunt$ ! site ( ?is noble p>k1 nor description ( its m intimate beauties1 nor detail ( its m\nta9e]+ joys2 = all ( :i* & mu* o!r invaluable in=mation ,i ref] ^? int]e/$ to publications ( ! ,national ,p>k ,s]vice1 ,dep>tm5t ( ! ,int]ior1 by ,doctor ,willis ,t4 ,lee & ,major ,rog] ,w4 ,toll4 ,b some?+ mu/ be told ( its e>ly hi/ory4 ,9 #ahai ! explor+ exp$ition :i* ,presid5t ,madison s5t we/ "u ,colonel ,s4,h4 ,long1 :ile camp+ at ! m\? ( ,la ,p\dre ,riv]1 0 greatly impress$ by ! magnific5ce ( a l(ty1 squ>e-topp$ m\nta94 ,!y approa*$ x no ne>]1 b nam$ x ,longs ,peak1 9 honor ( _! lead]4 ,p>kman records see+ x 9 #ahde4 ,! pione]s1 ( c\rse1 knew ! c\ntry4 ,de]1 elk1 & %eep 7 probably hunt$ !re 9 ! =ties & fifties4 ,joel ,e/es1 ! fir/ settl]1 built a cab9 9 ! foo?ills 9 #ahfj1 h5ce ! title ( ,e/es ,p>k4 ,james ,nug5t1 aft]w>d widely celebrat$ z ,rocky ,m\nta9 ,jim1 arriv$ 9 #ahfh4 ,o!rs foll[$ sl[ly4 ,william ,n4 ,by]s1 f\nd] ( ! ,rocky ,m\nta9 ,news1 made ! fir/ attempt to climb ,longs ,peak 9 #ahfd4 ,he did n succe$ !n1 b f\r ye>s lat]1 ) a p>ty :i* includ$ ,major ,j4,w4 ,p[ell1 :o made ! fir/ exploration ( ! ,gr& ,canyon ! foll[+ ye>1 he made ! summit4 ,9 #ahga ! ,rev]5d ,e4,j4 ,lamb1 ! fir/ regul> guide on ,longs ,peak1 made ! fir/ desc5t by ! ea/ precipice1 a dang]\s feat4 ,! ,e>l ( ,dunrav5 visit$ ,e/es ,p>k 9 #ahga1 attract$ by ! big game hunt+1 & b\ght l&4 ,he project$ an imm5se pres]ve1 & induc$ m5 to file claims :i* he plann$ to acquire aft] !y _h secur$ possession2 b ! claims 7 disall[$4 ,alb]t ,bi]/adt visit$ ,dunrav5 9 #ahgd1 & pa9t$ canvases :i* are fam\s 9 ,am]ican art4 ,x 0 ,dunrav51 also1 :o built ! fir/ hotel4 ,t\ri/s began to arrive 9 #ahfe4 ,9 #ahgd ! fir/ /age l9e 0 e/abli%$1 com+ 9 f ,longmont4 ,telephone connection 0 made 9 #aijf4 ,"u ! "n ( ,e/es ,p>k1 ! region prosp]$4 ,fifty ?\s& p 7 e/imat$ to h visit$ x 9 #aiad4 ,x 0 n1 h[ev]1 till ! national p>k 0 creat$1 9 #aiae1 t ! m\nta9s assum$ consid]able importance except z an agreeable & inspir+ backgr\nd to ! broad plateau4 ,v ,mc,k,i,n,l,e,y1 ,,giant ,,( ,,giants ,,m\nt ,,mck9ley ,,national ,,p>k1 ,,alaska4 ,,area1 ,,ab\t #b1bjj ,,squ>e ,,miles ,! mon/] m\nta9 ( ?is cont95t1 ! maje/ic1 sn[-cr[n$ ,am]ican mon>*1 z ,g5]al ,greeley call$ x1 0 made a national p>k 9 #aiag4 ,m\nt ,mc,kinley rises #bj1cjj feet above tide-wat]1 & #ag1jjj feet above ! eyes ( ! behold] /&+ on ! plateau at its base4 ,sc5ically1 x is ! highe/ m\nta9 9 ! _w1 = ^? summits ( ! ,&es & ,himalayas :i* are l(ti] z measur$ f sea level1 c be view$ closely only f valleys ^: altitudes range f #aj1jjj to #ae1jjj feet4 ,its enorm\s bulk is %r\d$ 9 p]petual sn[ two-?irds d[n f its summit1 & ! foo?ills & broad pla9s ^u its nor? & we/ are populat$ ) m\nta9 %eep & c>ib\ 9 unprec$5t$ numb]s4 ,to appreciate ,m\nt ,mc,kinley's place among national p>ks1 "o mu/ "k :at x means 9 ! anatomy ( ! cont95t4 ,! we/]n m>g9 ( ,nor? ,am]ica is bord]$ by a broad m\nta9\s belt kn[n z ! ,pacific ,sy/em1 :i* ext5ds f ,mexico nor?we/]ly into & ?r\gh ,alaska1 to ! v end ( ! ,aleutian ,isl&s1 & includes su* celebrat$ ranges z ! ,si]ra ,nevada1 ! ,cascade1 & ! ,/4 ,elias4 ,9 ,alaska1 at ! head ( ,cook ,inlet1 x sw+s a %>p curve to ! s\?we/ & becomes ,alaska's m\nta9 axis4 ,?is %>p curve1 = all ! _w l a mon/r\s granite h+e connect+ ! nor?we/]ly & s\?we/]ly limbs ( ! ,sy/em1 is ! gigantic ,alaska ,range1 :i* is high] & broad] ?an ! ,si]ra ,nevada1 & ( great] relief & ext5t ?an ! ,alps4 ,ne> ! c5tre ( ?is range1 its climax 9 position1 height1 bulk1 & maje/y1 /&s ,m\nt ,mc,kinley4 ,its gli/5+ peak c be se5 on cle> days 9 mo/ directions = two hundr$ miles4 ,= _m ye>s ,m\nt ,/4 ,elias1 ) its eighte5 ?\s& feet ( altitude1 0 consid]$ ,nor? ,am]ica's l(tie/ summit4 ,t 0 because x /&s 9 t "p ( ,alaska :i* 0 fir/ develop$4 ,! ,klondike region1 f> nor?w>d1 0 well on ! way to developm5t be=e ,mc,kinley became (ficially recogniz$ z ! m\nta9 climax ( ! cont95t4 ,b t does n mean t x rema9$ unkn[n4 ,! natives ( ! ,cook ,inlet c\ntry on ! ea/ knew x z ,doleika1 & tell y t x is ! rock :i* a god ?rew at 8 elop+ wife4 ,!y say x 0 once a volcano1 :i* is n ! fact4 ,! ,aleutes on ! s\? call$ x ,traleika1 ! big m\nta94 ,! natives ( ! ,kuskokwim c\ntry on ! we/ knew x z ,d5alai1 ! god1 fa!r ( ! great range4 ,! ,russians :o e/abli%$ ! fir/ p]man5t :ite settlem5t 9 ,alaska on ,kodiak ,isl& knew x z ,bul%ia ,gora1 ! great m\nta94 ,capta9 ,cook1 :o 9 #aggh explor$ ! inlet :i* s9ce has borne 8 "n1 does n m5tion x1 b ,vanc\v] 9 #agid unque/ionably meant x 9 8 ref]5ce to di/ant /up5d\s m\nta9s4 ,aft] ! ,unit$ ,/ates acquir$ ,alaska1 9 #ahfg1 !re is little m5tion ( x = "s ye>s4 ,b ,frank ,d5smore1 an explor] ( #ahhi1 ent]$ ! ,kuskokwim region1 & took su* gl[+ acc\nts ( its magnific5ce back to ! ,yukon t = ye>s x 0 kn[n ?r\gh ! settlem5ts z ,d5smore's ,m\nta94 ,9 #ahhe ,lieut5ant ,h5ry ,c4 ,all51 ,u4,s4,a41 made a sket* ( ! range f 8 sk9 boat on ! ,tanana ,riv]1 a hundr$ & fifty miles away1 :i* is ! e>lie/ kn[n picture ( ,mc,kinley4 ,meantime ! neighborhood 0 invad$ by prospectors f bo? sides4 ,! ,cook ,inlet gold fields 7 exploit$ 9 #ahid4 ,two ye>s lat] ,w4,a4 ,dickey & 8 p>tn]1 ,monks1 two "y ,pr9ceton graduates1 explor+ nor? f _! work+s1 recogniz$ ! m\nta9's comm&+ proportions & nam$ x ,m\nt ,mc,kinley1 by :i* x rapidly became kn[n1 & 0 ent]$ on ! e>ly maps4 ,) crude in/rum5ts improvis$ on ! spot1 ,dickey e/imat$ ! m\nta9's height z tw5ty ?\s& feet--a real a*ievem5t4 ,:5 ,belmore ,br[ne1 :o climb$ ! great peak 9 #aiab1 ask$ ,dickey :y he *ose ! "n1 ,dickey told him t he 0 s disgu/$ ) ! free-silv] argum5ts ( m5 travell+ ) him t he nam$ ! m\nta9 aft] ! mo/ ard5t gold-/&>d man he knew4 ,! ,w> ,dep>tm5t s5t sev]al p>ties to ! region dur+ ! next few ye>s to explore1 & ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,geological ,survey1 beg9n+ 9 #ahih ) ! ,eldridge-,muldr[ p>ty1 has _h topographical & geological p>ties 9 ! region almo/ cont9u\sly s9ce4 ,9 #aiae ! ,gov]nm5t began ! railroad f ,sew>d to ,fairbanks4 ,its c\rse lies f ,cook ,inlet up ! ,susitna ,riv] to ! headwat]s ( ! ,n5ana ,riv]1 :]e x crosses ! range4 ,?is w make access to ! region easy & com=table4 ,x 0 to safegu>d ! enorm\s game h]ds f ! hordes ( hunt]s :i* ! railroad 0 expect$ to br+ r ?an to cons]ve an alp9e region sc5ically unequall$ t ,congress set aside tw5ty-two hundr$ squ>e miles "u ! "n ( ! ,m\nt ,mc,kinley ,national ,p>k4 ,f ! :ite sides ( ,mc,kinley & 8 giant neighbors desc5d glaci]s ( enorm\s bulk & great l5g?4 ,_! wat]s dra9 on ! ea/ & s\?1 ?r\gh ! ,susitna ,riv] & its tribut>ies1 into ! ,pacific2 & on ! nor? & we/1 ?r\gh tribut>ies ( ! ,yukon & ,kuskokwim1 into ,b]+ ,sea4 ,! s\? side ( ,mc,kinley is =bidd+ 9 ! extreme1 b its nor? & we/ fronts pass abruptly into a plateau ( gravels1 s&s1 & silts tw5ty-five hundr$ to ?ree ?\s& feet 9 altitude1 ^: g5tle valleys lead ! travell] up to ! v sides ( ! granite mon/]1 & ^: mosses & grasses pa/ure ! c>ib\4 ,! national p>k b\nd>ies enclose imm5se areas ( ?is plateau4 ,! cont\rs ( its r\nd$ roll+ elevations m>k ! c\rses ( innum]able /reams1 & occasionally abut ^u great sweep+ glaci]s4 ,l[ z x is1 ! plateau is g5]ally above timb]-l9e4 ,! day w come :5 roads w w9d ?r\gh its valleys1 & hotels & camps w ne/le 9 its %elt]$ holl[s2 :ile ! great h]ds ( c>ib\1 m ?an "o ( :i* has be5 e/imat$ at fifte5 hundr$ animals1 w pa/ure l %eep )9 close range ( ! cam]a4 ,= ! wild animals ( ,mc,kinley ,national ,p>k1 hav+ nev] be5 hunt$1 7 fe>less ( ! explor]s1 & n[ w nev] le>n to fe> man4 ,! same is true 9 less] measure ( ! m timid m\nta9 %eep :i* frequ5t ! foo?ills 9 numb]s n kn[n else:]e4 ,*>les ,%eldon c\nt$ m ?an five hundr$ 9 "o ord9>y day's foot j\rney ?r\gh ! valleys4 ,! magic ( summ] life on ?is sunlit plateau1 ) its limitless di/ances1 its ru%+ /reams1 its enorm\s crawl+ glaci]s1 its wav+ grasses1 its sweep+ g5tle valleys1 its myriad fri5dly animals1 &1 back ( all & comm&+ all1 its nev]-=gott5 & ev]-controll+ pres5ce1 ! %9+ ,range & ,ma/] ,m\nta91 p[]fully grip imag9ation & memory4 ,"o nev] c look long away f ! m\nta91 ^: delicate rose t9t diff]5tiates x f o!r great m\nta9s4 ,"h is ev] pres5t an intimate s5se ( ! inf9ite1 :i* is rem9isc5t ( t pang :i* sometimes "o may get by gaz+ long into ! />ry z5i?4 ,f _m po9ts ( view ,mc,kinley looks its giant size4 ,z ! climb] asc5ds ! basal ridges !re are places :]e its height & bulk appall4 ,along ! nor!rn edge ( ! p>k lies ! ,kanti%na m9+ di/rict4 ,9 #aijf !re 0 a wild /amp$e to ?is region4 ,diamond ,city1 ,be>paw ,city1 ,glaci] ,city1 ,mc,kinley ,city1 ,roosevelt1 & o!r rude m9+ settlem5ts came into rapid exi/5ce4 ,results did n adequately rew>d ! ?\s&s :o flock$ to ! new field1 & ! cities 7 ab&on$4 ,a hundr$ or two m9]s rema91 scatt]$ ?9ly ov] a l>ge area1 :i* is =e/$ "h & !re ) scrubby gr[?s1 &1 9 localities1 is rem>kably productive ( cultivat$ fruits & vegetables4 ,few "k & few w "k ,m\nt ,mc,kinley4 ,x is too mon/r\s = any b ! h>die/ to discov] its ice-protect$ secrets4 ,! ,s\? ,peak1 :i* is ! summit1 has be5 climb$ twice1 once by ! ,p>k]-,br[ne p>ty 9 #aiab1 aft] two previ\s unsuccessful exp$itions1 & once1 ! ye> foll[+1 by ! p>ty ( ,ar*deacon ,hudson ,/uck1 :o gratifi$ an ambition :i* _h aris5 out ( 8 _m ye>s ( /r5u\s mission>y "w among ! ,alaskan ,indians4 ,f ! records ( ^! two p>ties we ga!r ne>ly all t is kn[n ( ! m\nta94 ,! ,nor? ,peak1 :i* is sev]al hundr$ feet l[]1 0 climb$ by ,&]son & ,taylor ( ! ,tom ,lloyd p>ty1 9 #aiac4 ,f ea* ( ^! peaks an enorm\s buttress+ ridge sweeps nor?w>d until x m]ges into ! foo?ills & ! great pla94 ,^! ridges are r\ghly p>allel1 & c>ry betwe5 !m ! ,d5ali ,glaci]1 to adopt ,belmore ,br[ne's sugge/$ "n1 & its =ks & tribut>ies4 ,up ?is glaci] is ! difficult passage to ! summit4 ,trem5d\s z x is1 ! greate/ p]haps ( ! nor? side1 ! ,d5ali ,glaci] by no means comp>es ) ! giants :i* fl[ f ! s\!rn front4 ,9 #aijc ,judge ,james ,wick]%am1 aft]w>d ,delegate to ,congress f ,alaska1 made ! fir/ attempt to climb ,mc,kinley2 x fail$ ?r\gh 8 und]e/imation ( ! ext5sive equipm5t necess>y4 ,9 #aijf ,doctor ,fr$]ick ,a4 ,cook1 :o meantime also _h made an unsuccessful attempt f ! nor? side1 l$ an exp$ition f ! s\? :i* includ$ ,pr(essor ,h]s*el ,p>k] ( ,columbia ,univ]sity1 & ,mr4 ,belmore ,br[ne1 arti/1 explor]1 & big game hunt]4 ,asc5d+ ! ,y5tna ,riv]1 x rea*$ a po9t ^u ! ,tokositna ,glaci] beyond :i* progress 0 impossible1 & return$ to ,cook ,inlet & disb&$4 ,p>k] return$ to ,new ,york1 & ,cook propos$ t ,br[ne %\ld lay 9 a ne$$ supply ( game :ile he1 ) a pack] nam$ ,b>rill1 %\ld make :at he describ$ z a rapid reconnaissance prep>atory to a fur!r attempt ^u ! summit ! foll[+ ye>4 ,br[ne want$ to accompany him1 b 0 ov]p]suad$4 ,cook & ,b>rill !n asc5d$ ! ,susitna1 /ruck into ! c\ntry due s\? ( ,mc,kinley1 & return$ to ,tyonik ) ! ann\ncem5t t !y _h rea*$ ! summit4 ,cook exhibit$ a photograph ( ,b>rill /&+ ^u a crag1 :i* he said 0 ! summit4 ,a long & pa9ful controv]sy foll[$ ^u ,cook's return ea/ ) ?is claim4 ,9 all probability ! object ( ! ,p>k]-,br[ne exp$ition ( #aiaj 0 z mu* to foll[ ,cook's c\rse & *eck 8 claim z to rea* ! summit4 ,! fir/ object 0 atta9$1 & ,h]man ,l4 ,tuck]1 a national =e/]1 0 photograph$ /&+ on ! id5tical crag ^u :i* ,cook _h photograph$ ,b>rill f\r ye>s be=e4 ,?is crag 0 f\nd miles s\? ( ,mc,kinley1 ) o!r peaks high] ?an its own int]v5+4 ,f "h ! p>ty advanc$ up a glaci] ( enorm\s size to ! v foot ( ! upp] rea*es ( ! m\nta9's s\? side1 b 0 /opp$ by gigantic sn[ walls1 :i* defeat$ e attempt to cross4 ,at ! slighte/ t\* ( ! sun1 writes ,br[ne1 ! great cliffs lit]ally smoke ) avalan*es4 ,! ,p>k]-,br[ne exp$ition und]tak5 9 #aiab = purposes ( exploration1 also approa*$ f ! s\?1 b1 foll[+ ! ,susitna ,riv] f>!r up1 cross$ ! ,alaska ,range ) dog tra9s to ! nor? side at a hi!rto unexplor$ po9t4 ,j be=e cross+ ! divide x ent]$ :at five ye>s lat] became ! ,m\nt ,mc,kinley ,national ,p>k1 &1 aga9/ an ,april blizz>d1 desc5d$ into a l& ( _m gorge\s glaci]s4 ,we 7 n[1 writes ,belmore ,br[ne1 9 a wild]ness p>adise4 ,! m\nta9s _h a wild1 picturesque look1 due to _! b>e rock summits1 & big game 0 abundant4 ,we 7 wild ) en?usiasm ov] ! beauty ( x all1 & e few m9utes z we jogg$ along "s "o w\ld gaze fondly at ! surr\nd+ m\nta9s & ejaculate3 ',?is is sure a :ite man's c\ntry4' ,( ^! happy hunt+ gr\nds1 z ,br[ne *apt]s ! p>k c\ntry 9 8 book1 ,/eph5 ,r4 ,capps ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,geological ,survey says 9 8 report3 ,probably no "p ( ,am]ica is s well suppli$ ) wild game1 unprotect$ by res]ves1 z ! area on ! nor? slope ( ! ,alaska ,range1 we/ ( ! ,nanana ,riv]4 ,?is region has be5 s little visit$ by :ite m5 t ! game h]ds h1 until rec5t ye>s1 be5 little mole/$ by hunt]s4 ,! :ite m\nta9 %eep are p>ticul>ly abundant 9 ! ma9 ,alaska ,range1 & 9 ! m rugg$ foo?ills4 ,c>ib\ are pl5tiful ?r\gh\t ! entire area1 & 7 se5 9 b&s numb]+ _m hundr$ individuals4 ,moose are num]\s 9 ! l[l&s1 & range ov] all ! area 9 :i* timb] occurs4 ,black be>s may be se5 9 or ne> timb]$ l&s1 & grizzly be>s range f ! rugg$ m\nta9s to ! l[l&s4 ,rabbits & pt>migan are at times rem>kably num]\s4 ,p>k] & ,br[ne camp$ along ! ,muldr[ ,glaci]1 n[ a magnific5t c5tral feature ( ! p>k4 ,!n !y made = ,mc,kinley summit4 ,/rik+ ! ,d5ali ,glaci]1 !y asc5d$ x ) a dog tra9 to an altitude ( elev5 ?\s& feet1 :]e !y made a base camp & w5t on afoot1 pack+ provisions & camp outfit on _! backs4 ,at "o place !y asc5d$ an incom+ glaci] ov] ice cascades1 f\r ?\s& feet high4 ,f _! la/ camp !y cut /eps 9 ! ice = m ?an ?ree ?\s& feet ( f9al asc5t1 & atta9$ ! top on ,july #a 9 ! face ( a blizz>d4 ,on ! nor!a/]n end ( ! level summit1 & only five m9utes' walk f ! little hillock :i* =ms ! supreme summit1 ! blizz>d completely bl9d$ !m4 ,x 0 impossible to g on1 & to wait meant rapid dea? by freez+2 ) extreme difficulty !y return$ to _! camp4 ,two days lat] !y made a second attempt1 b 7 aga9 envelop$ 9 an ice /orm t r5d]$ progress impossible4 ,exhau/ion ( supplies =bade ano!r try1 & sav$ _! lives1 = a few days lat] a viol5t e>?quake %ook ,mc,kinley to its summit4 ,lat] on ,mr4 ,br[ne id5tifi$ ?is e>?quake z concurr5t ) ! t]rific explosive eruption :i* blew (f ! top ( ,m\nt ,katmai1 on ! s\? coa/ ( ,alaska4 ,! foll[+ spr+ ! ,/uck-,k>/5s p>ty made ! summit ^u t r>e/ ( occasions ) ,m\nt ,mc,kinley1 a p]fect day4 ,ar*deacon ,/uck describes ! actual summit z a little crat]-l sn[ bas91 sixty or sixty-five feet long1 & tw5ty to tw5ty-five feet wide1 ) a hay-cock ( sn[ at ei!r end--! s\? "o a little high] ?an ! nor?4 ,ignor+ (ficial & recogniz$ nom5clature1 & call+ ,mc,kinley & ,=ak] by _! ,kuskokwim ,indian names1 he writes ( ,m\nt ,=ak]3 ,d5ali's ,wife does n appe> at all save f ! actual summit ( ,d5ali1 = %e is completely hidd5 by 8 ,s\? ,peak1 until ! mom5t :5 8 ,s\? ,peak is surm\nt$4 ,& nev] 0 nobl] sight display$ to man ?an t great isolat$ m\nta9 spread out completely1 ) all its spurs & ridges1 its cliffs & its glaci]s1 l(ty & mighty1 & yet f> b5ea? u4 ,above u1 he writes a few pages lat]1 ! sky took on a blue s deep t none ( u _h ev] gaz$ ^u a midday sky l x be=e4 ,x 0 deep1 ri*1 lu/r\s1 transp>5t blue1 z d>k z ,prussian blue1 b int5sely blue2 a hue s /range1 s increas+ly impressive1 t to "o at lea/ x 'seem$ l special news ( ,god1' z a new poet s+s4 ,we fir/ notic$ ! d>k5+ t9t ( ! upp] sky 9 ! ,gr& ,bas91 & x deep5$ z we rose4 ,tyndall obs]v$ & discuss$ ?is ph5om5on 9 ! ,alps1 b x seems sc>cely to h be5 m5tion$ s9ce4 ,a c\ple ( mon?s be=e ! ,p>k]-,br[ne p>ty />t$ = ! top1 !re 0 an asc5t ( ! l[] ,nor? ,peak :i*1 = %e] d>+ & endurance mu/ rank high 9 ! hi/ory ( adv5ture4 ,f\r prospectors & m9]s f ! ,kanti%na region organiz$ by ,tom ,lloyd1 took advantage ( ! h>d ice ( ,may1 & an idle dog team1 to make = ! summit4 ,_! motive seems to h be5 little m ?an to plant a pole :]e x c\ld be se5 by telescope1 z !y ?\ght1 f ,fairbanks2 t 0 :y !y *ose ! ,nor? ,peak4 ,!y us$ no ropes1 alp5/ocks1 or sci5tific equipm5t ( any sort1 & c>ri$ only "o cam]a1 ! *ance possession ( ,mc,gonagall4 ,illu/ration3 ,f a photograph by ,g4,b4 ,gordon ,,m\nt ,mc,k,i,n,l,e,y1 ,,loom+ ,,above ,,! ,,great ,,alaskan ,,range ,illu/ration3 ,f a photograph by ,la,voy ,,ar*deacon ,,/uck',s ,,p>ty ,,half-,,way ,,up ,,! ,,m\nta9 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,summit ,,( ,,m\nt ,mc,k,i,n,l,e,y ,!y made _! la/ camp at an altitude ( elev5 ?\s& feet4 ,"h ,lloyd rema9$1 :ile ,&]son1 ,taylor1 & ,mc,gonagall attempt$ ! summit 9 "o day's supreme ef=t4 ,ne> ! top ,mc,gonagall 0 ov]come by m\nta9 sickness4 ,&]son & ,taylor w5t on & plant$ _! pole ne> ! ,nor? summit1 :]e ! ,/uck-,k>/5s p>ty saw x a ye> lat] 9 _! asc5t ( ! ,s\? ,peak4 ,s extraord9>y a feat ( /r5g? & endurance w h>dly be accompli%$ aga9 unless1 p]haps1 by h>dy m9]s ( ! arctic wild]ness4 ,! ,nor? ,pole's no?+ to fell[s l u1 "o ( !m said lat] on2 once /rike gold !re1 & we'll build a t[n on x 9 a mon?4 ,! publi%$ records ( ! ,p>k]-,br[ne & ,/uck-,k>/5s exp$itions emphasize ! labori\s nature ( ! climb+4 ,! v isolation :i* gives ,mc,kinley its spectacul> elevation multiplies ! difficulties ( asc5t by l[]+ ! sn[ l9e ?\s&s ( feet bel[ ! sn[ l9e ( ! ,himalayas & ,&es ) _! l(ti] surr\nd+ valleys4 ,travel on ! glaci]s 0 try+ 9 ! extreme1 = mu* ( ! way _h to be s\nd$ = hidd5 crevasses1 &1 aft] ! selection ( ea* new camp+ place1 ! ext5sive outfit mu/ be return$ = & sl$d$ or c>ri$ up4 ,frequ5t b>ri]s1 (t5 ( great height1 _h to be surm\nt$ by tortu\s & exhau/+ det\rs ov] icy cliffs & s(t sn[4 ,& always special c>e mu/ be tak5 aga9/ avalan*es2 ! ro> ( avalan*es = mu* ( ! latt] j\rney 0 almo/ cont9u\s4 ,t[>d ! end1 ! !rmomet] 0 r>ely above z]o1 & at night f> bel[2 b ! heat & gl>e ( ! sun 0 /ifl+ & bl9d+ dur+ mu* ( ! day2 (t5 !y p]spir$ pr(usely "u _! cru%+ burd5s1 ) ! !rmomet] ne>ly at z]o4 ,sn[ fell daily1 & (t5 sev]al times a day4 ,x is probable t no o!r ( ! _w's m\nta9 giants pres5ts climb+ conditions s /r5u\s4 ,f>m+ is successfully c>ri$ on 9 ! ,himalayas f> above ,mc,kinley's level ( p]petual sn[1 & ,tuck] reports hav+ climb$ a tw5ty-?\s&-foot peak 9 ! ,&es ) less ex]tion ?an x co/ ! ,p>k]-,br[ne p>ty1 ( :i* he _h be5 a memb]1 to m\nt ! fir/ =ty-five hundr$ feet ( ,mc,kinley4 ,:ile ,mc,kinley w be climb$ aga9 & aga9 9 ! future1 ! feat w sc>cely be "o ( ! popul> amusem5ts ( ! national p>k4 ,yet ,m\nt ,mc,kinley is ! nor!rn l&m>k ( an imm5se unexplor$ m\nta9 region s\? ( ! national p>k1 :i* v f> surpasses ! ,alps 9 e feature t has made ! ,alps _w-fam\s4 ,( ?is region ,a4,h4 ,brooks1 ,*ief ( ! ,alaska ,division ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,geological ,survey1 writes3 ,"h lies a rugg$ highl& area f> great] 9 ext5t ?an all ( ,switz]l&1 a virg9 field = explor]s & m\nta9e]s4 ,he :o w\ld ma/] unatta9$ summits1 explore unkn[n riv]s1 or trav]se untrodd5 glaci]s 9 a region ^: sc5ic beauties are h>dly equall$1 has n to seek !m 9 ,s\? ,am]ica or ,c5tral ,asia1 = g5]ations w pass be=e ! possibilities ( ! ,alaskan ,range are exhau/$4 ,b ?is is n ,switz]l&1 ) its hotels1 railways1 tra9$ guides1 & well-worn pa?s4 ,x w appeal only to him :o pref]s to /rike out = himself1 :o c break 8 own trail ?r\gh trackless wilds1 c ?r[ ! diamond hit*1 & w take ! *ances ( life & limb s de> to ! he>t ( ! true explor]4 ,! hotels w come 9 "t to ! ,m\nt ,mc,kinley ,national ,p>k1 & p]haps !y w come also to ! ,alaskan ,alps4 ,p]haps x is n /ra9+ ! cr$ulity ( an age l ours to sugge/ t ,mc,kinley's comm&+ summit may be atta9$ "s day by a]oplane1 ) _m ( ! joys & none ( ! di/ress+ h>d%ips endur$ by ! we>y climb]4 ,:5 ?is "t comes1 if x does come1 !re w be add$ m]ely ano!r extraord9>y exp]i5ce to ! v _m unique & pleasurable exp]i5ces ( a visit to ! ,m\nt ,mc,kinley ,national ,p>k4 ,,vi ,,lafayette ,,& ,,! ,,ea/ ,,lafayette ,,national ,,p>k1 ,,ma9e4 ,,area1 #aj1jjj ,,acres ,x has be5 ! policy ( ,congress to create national p>ks only f public l&s1 ! title to :i* co/s no?+ to acquire4 ,x may be _m ye>s be=e ! nation awakes to ! fact t areas di/+ui%$ = supreme sc5]y1 hi/orical association1 or extraord9>y sci5tific significance are wor? cons]v+ ev5 if cons]vation involves _! pur*ase4 ,! answ] to ! (t-ask$ "q :y ! national p>ks are all 9 ! we/ is t ! ea/ pass$ into private possession be=e ! national p>k idea assum$ importance 9 ! national consci\sness4 ,! exi/5ce ( ! two national p>ks ea/ ( ! ,rocky ,m\nta9s m]ely emphasizes ! fact4 ,! ,hot ,spr+s ( ,arkansas 7 set ap>t 9 #ahcb :ile ! ,oz>k ,m\nta9s 7 /ill a wild]ness4 ,! ,lafayette ,national ,p>k1 9 ,ma9e1 is made up ( _m small p>cels ( privately own$ l& :i* a gr\p ( public-spirit$ citiz5s1 because ( ! impossibility ( secur+ national appropriations1 pati5tly acquir$ dur+ a s]ies ( labori\s ye>s1 & pres5t$1 9 #aiaf1 to ! p ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,:ile refus+ to pur*ase l& = national p>ks1 ,congress nev]!less is buy+ l>ge areas ( ea/]n m\nta9 l& = national =e/1 ! purpose be+ n only to cons]ve wat] s\rces1 :i* national p>ks w\ld accompli% q z ?or\ghly1 b p>ticul>ly to control lumb]+ op]ations 9 accord ) pr9ciples :i* w insure ! lumb] supply ( ! future4 ,"h & !re 9 ?is res]ve are limit$ areas ( di/+ui%$ national p>k quality1 b :e!r !y w be set aside z national p>ks is a "q = ! p & ! future to decide4 ,c]ta9ly ! m\nta9 topography & ! ri* decidu\s =e/s ( ! ea/]n ,unit$ ,/ates %\ld be repres5t$ 9 ! national p>ks sy/em by sev]al f9e examples4 ,! ,lafayette ,national ,p>k diff]s f all o!r memb]s ( ! national p>ks sy/em 9 sev]al important respects4 ,x is 9 ! f> ea/2 x comb9es sea%ore & m\nta92 x is clo!d ) a ri* & v>i$ gr[? ( decidu\s trees & ea/]n conif]s2 x is intimately associat$ ) ! v e>ly hi/ory ( ,am]ica4 ,besides :i*1 x is a region ( noble beauty1 subtle *>m & fasc9at+ v>iety4 ,! ,appala*ian ,m\nta9 uplift1 :i*1 r\ghly speak+1 embraces all ! ranges con/itut+ ! ea/]n rib ( ! cont95t1 may be consid]$ to include also ! v anci5t p5epla9s ( ,new ,engl&4 ,^! tumbl$ hills & %all[ valleys1 acc5t$ "h & !re by ranges & monadnocks1 by :i* ! geologi/ means solit>y peaks1 are all t ! fro/s & ra9s ( v _m millions ( ye>s & ! glaci]s ( m rec5t geologic times h left ( :at once mu/ h be5 a t[]+ m\nta9 region cre/$ 9 sn[4 ,! wr9kl+ ( ! e>?'s surface :i* produc$ ?is range occurr$ dur+ ! ,devonian p]iod :5 fi%es 7 ! pr$om9ant inhabitants ( ! e>?1 _m millions ( ye>s be=e birds or ev5 reptiles appe>$4 ,its rise 0 accompani$ by volcanic di/urbances1 ^: evid5ces are abundant on isl&s betwe5 ! m\? ( ! ,p5obscot & ,m\nt ,des]t ,isl&1 ?\gh n )9 ! p>k4 ,! m9d _c conceive ! lapse ( "t :i* has r$uc$ ?is range1 at an erosional spe$ no great] ?an to-day's1 to its pres5t level4 ,dur+ ?is process ! coa/ l9e 0 also sl[ly s9k+1 *ang+ valleys into e/u>ies & l&-encircl$ bays4 ,! coa/ ( ,ma9e is an eloqu5t *apt] 9 ! cont95t's anci5t hi/ory1 & ! ,lafayette ,national ,p>k is "o ( ! mo/ dramatic p>agraphs 9 ! *apt]4 ,:]e ! ,p5obscot ,riv] rea*es ! sea1 & = =ty miles ea/1 ! s9k+ cont95tal %ore has deeply ind5t$ ! coa/ l9e ) a network ( broad1 twi/+ bays1 enclos+ _m isl&s4 ,! l>ge/ & f9e/ ( ^! is ,m\nt ,des]t ,isl&1 = _m ye>s celebrat$ = its romantic beauty4 ,^u its nor!a/ %ore1 fac+ ,fr5*man's ,bay1 is ! resort t[n ( ,b> ,h>bor2 o!r resorts dot its %ores on e side4 ,! isl& has a l>ge summ] population drawn f all p>ts ( ! c\ntry4 ,besides its hotels1 !re are _m f9e summ] homes4 ,illu/ration3 ,,9 ,,lafayette ,,national ,,p>k ,e*o ,lake 9 ! =egr\nd1 ,sommes ,h>bor beyond ,acadia ,illu/ration3 ,,sea ,,caves ,,9 ,,! ,,granite ,?us does ! ocean ev]la/+ly und]m9e ! f\ndations ( ! m\nta9s4 ,photograph tak5 at l[ tide2 ,lafayette ,national ,p>k ,! feature :i* especially di/+ui%es ,m\nt ,des]t ,isl& f o!r isl&s1 9 fact f ! entire ,atlantic coa/1 is a gr\p ( granitic m\nta9s :i* rise abruptly f ! sea4 ,!y 7 once t[]+ mon/]s1 p]haps only "o1 unque/ionably ! l(tie/ = _m miles ar\nd4 ,!y are ! sole rema9d]s ^u ! pres5t coa/ l9e ( a great =m] range4 ,!y are compos$ almo/ :olly ( granite1 worn d[n by ! ages1 b massive en\gh /ill to resi/ ! ag5cies :i* wip$ away _! comrades4 ,!y rise a ?\s& feet or m1 grim1 r\nd$1 cleft ) w9d+ valleys & deep passes1 divid$ 9 places by e/u>ies ( ! sea1 hold+ 9 _! holl[s _m *>m+ lakes4 ,_! abrupt flanks gnaw$ by ! beat+ sea1 _! valleys gr[n ) spl5did =e/s & bright5$ by wild fl[]s1 _! slopes & domes spr9kl$ ) conif]s :i* /ruggle = foo?old 9 ! cracks :i* ! elem5ts are wid5+ & deep5+ 9 _! granite surface1 = ye>s !y h be5 ! resort ( ?\s&s ( climb]s1 /ud5ts ( nature & seek]s ( ! beautiful2 ! views ( sea1 e/u>y1 isl&1 pla91 lake1 & m\nta9 f ! heights h no c\nt]p>t else:]e4 ,all ?is m\nta9 wild]ness1 free z x 0 to ! public1 0 9 private own]%ip4 ,"s ( x 0 held by p]sons :o _h n se5 x = ye>s4 ,"s ( x 0 lock$ up 9 e/ates4 ,! "t came :5 own]s began to plan f9e summ] homes high on ! m\nta9 slopes4 ,a few1 h[ev]1 believ$ t ! region %\ld belong to ! :ole p1 & out ( ?is belief grew ! movem5t1 l$ by ,george ,b4 ,dorr & ,*>les ,w4 ,eliot1 to acquire title & pres5t x to ! nation :i* w\ld n buy x4 ,!y organiz$ a hold+ association1 to :i* !y gave _! own prop]ties2 = ye>s aft]w>d ,mr4 ,dorr devot$ mo/ ( 8 "t to p]suad+ o!rs to contribute _! hold+s1 & to rais+ subscriptions = ! pur*ase ( plots :i* 7 ti$ up 9 e/ates4 ,9 #aiaf ! association pres5t$ five ?\s& acres to ! ,gov]nm5t1 & ,presid5t ,wilson creat$ x by proclamation ! ,sieur de ,monts ,national ,monum5t4 ,! gift has be5 greatly increas$ s9ce4 ,9 #aiah ,congress made appropriations = its upkeep & developm5t4 ,9 ,febru>y1 #aiai1 ,congress *ang$ its "n & /atus2 x !n became ! ,lafayette ,national ,p>k4 ,! impulse to "n ! new national p>k aft] ! ,fr5* g5]al :o came to our aid 9 "t ( ne$ arose1 ( c\rse1 out ( ! w>-"t w>m? ( feel+ = our ally1 ,france4 ,! region _h be5 id5tifi$ ) e>ly ,fr5* exploration2 ! orig9al monum5t _h be5 nam$ 9 commemoration ( ?is hi/orical association4 ,! fir/ ,european settlem5t 9 ,am]ica nor? ( ! latitude ( ! ,gulf ( ,mexico 0 "h4 ,h5ry ( ,nav>re _h s5t two fam\s adv5tur]s to ! new _w1 de ,monts & ,*ampla94 ,! fir/ colony e/abli%$ by de ,monts 0 at ! m\? ( ! ,/4 ,croix ,riv]1 :i* =ms ! ea/]n b\nd>y ( ,ma9e1 & ! fir/ l& )9 ! pres5t ,unit$ ,/ates :i* 0 rea*$ by ,*ampla9 0 ,m\nt ,des]t ,isl&4 ,?is 0 9 #afjd4 ,x 0 ,*ampla9 :o gave ! isl& its pres5t "n1 aft] ! m\nta9s :i* rise s prom95tly f its rock-b\nd %ore4 ,to him1 h[ev]1 ! "n _h a diff]5t significance ?an x fir/ sugge/s to u4 ,l',isle des ,monts ,des]ts meant to him ! ,isl& ( ! ,lonely ,m\nta9s1 & lonely inde$ !y mu/ h seem$ above ! flat %ore l9e4 ,?us nam$1 ! place became a l&m>k = future voyag]s2 among o!rs ,w9?rop records see+ ! m\nta9s on 8 way to ! ,massa*usetts colony 9 #afcj4 ,he an*or$ opposite & fi%$ = two h\rs1 cat*+ sixty-sev5 great cod1 "o ( :i* 0 a y>d ar\nd4 ,by a curi\s tra9 ( circum/ances1 writes ,george ,b4 ,dorr1 ! titles by :i* ^! m\nta9s to ! ea/w>d ( ,somes ,s\nd are held g back to ! e>ly own]%ip ( ,m\nt ,des]t ,isl& by ! ,cr[n ( ,france4 ,= x 0 grant$ by ,l\is ,,xiv1 gr&son ( ,h5ry ,,iv1 to ,anto9e de la ,mo! ,cadillac1 an (fic] ( noble family f s\?we/]n ,france1 !n s]v+ 9 ,acadia1 :o aft]w>d became successively ! f\nd] ( ,detroit & ,gov]nor ( ,l\isiana--! ,mississippi ,valley4 ,cadillac lo/ x lat]1 ?r\gh ,engli% occupation ( ! region1 own]%ip pass+1 fir/ to ! ,prov9ce1 !n to ! ,commonweal? ( ,massa*usetts4 ,b pres5tly ! ,commonweal? gave back to 8 gr&daught]--,madame de ,gregoire--& h] husb&1 ,fr5* refugees1 ! ,isl&'s ea/]n half1 mov$ !reto by ! "p t ,france _h tak5 9 ! rec5t ,w> ( ,indep5d5ce & by lett]s !y _h br\ght f ,lafayette4 ,& !y came d[n & liv$ !re4 ,& s x naturally foll[$ t1 "u /ress ( w> en?usiasm1 ?is res]vation ) its ,fr5* associations %\ld commemorate n only ! old ,prov9ce ( ,acadia1 :i* ! ,fr5* yield$ to ,engl& only aft] half a c5tury ( w>1 & ,engl& lat] on to u aft] ano!r w>1 b ! great w> also 9 :i* ,france1 ,engl&1 & ! ,unit$ ,/ates all jo9$ z allies 9 ! cause ( ! _w's fre$om4 ,9 accord ) ?is idea1 ! highe/ m\nta9 look+ ^u ! sea has be5 nam$ ! ,fly+ ,squadron1 9 honor ( ! s]vice ( ! air1 born ( an ,am]ican inv5tion1 & c>ri$ to p]fection by ! ?ree allies 9 common4 ,! p>k may be ent]$ f any ( ! surr\nd+ resorts1 b ! ma9 gateway is ,b> ,h>bor1 :i* is rea*$ by tra91 automobile1 & /eamboat4 ,no resort may be rea*$ m com=tably1 & hotel accommodations are ample4 ,! m\nta9s rise )9 a mile ( ! t[n4 ,!y ext5d we/w>d = twelve miles1 ly+ 9 two gr\ps1 sep>at$ by a f9e salt-wat] fiord kn[n z ,somes ,s\nd4 ,! p>k's b\nd>y is exce$+ly irregul>1 ) deep ind5tations ( private prop]ty4 ,x is enclos$1 along ! %ore1 by an excell5t automobile road2 roads also cross x on bo? sides ( ,somes ,s\nd4 ,!re are t5 m\nta9s 9 ! ea/]n gr\p2 ! ?ree front+ ,b> ,h>bor h be5 r5am$1 = hi/oric reasons1 ,cadillac ,m\nta91 ! ,fly+ ,squadron1 & ,*ampla9 ,m\nta94 ,= ! same reason m\nta9s ^u ,somes ,s\nd h be5 r5am$ ,acadia ,m\nta91 ,/4 ,sauveur ,m\nta91 & ,norumbega ,m\nta91 ! la/ an ,indian "n2 simil> *anges commemorat+ ! e>ly ,engli% occupation also h be5 made 9 ! nom5clature ( ! we/]n gr\p4 ,tablets & memorials are also project$ 9 emphasis ( ! hi/orical associations ( ! place4 ,bo? m\nta9 gr\ps are dott$ ) lakes2 ^? ( ! we/]n gr\p are ! l>ge/ ( ! isl&4 ,! pleasures1 !n1 ( ! ,lafayette ,national ,p>k cov] a wide range ( human desire4 ,sea ba?+1 boat+1 ya*t+1 salt-wat] & fre%-wat] fi%+1 tramp+1 explor+ ! wild]ness1 hunt+ ! view spots--^! are ! summ] occupations ( _m visitors1 ! div]sions ( _m o!rs4 ,! m ?\ghtful w f9d its hi/orical associations fasc9at+1 its geological record "o ( ! ri*e/ 9 ! cont95t1 its =e/s well equipp$ s*ools = tree /udy1 _! bran*es a museum ( bird life4 ,to climb ^! l[ m\nta9s1 w&]+ by ! h\r 9 _! holl[s & ^u _! sea-horizon$ %\ld]s1 is1 = "o int]e/$ 9 nature1 to get v close inde$ to ! secrets ( h] wond]ful ea/4 ,"o may /& ^u ,cadillac's r\nd$ summit & let imag9ation realize = him ! day :5 ?is 0 a glaci]$ peak 9 a mighty range :i* =g$ s\?w>d f ! f> nor?1 %\ld] ^u %\ld]1 peak ^u peak1 pu%+ ev] high] z x approa*$ ! sea1 & ext5d+ f> beyond ! pres5t ocean horizon2 = ^! m\nta9s ( ,m\nt ,des]t are by no means ! t]m9al ( ! orig9al mighty range2 ! sl[ subsid5ce ( ! coa/ has :olly subm]g$ sev]al1 p]haps _m1 t once rose s\? ( !m4 ,! valley :i* n[ c>ries ! ,/4 ,croix ,riv] dra9$ ?is once t[]+ range's ea/]n slopes2 ! valley ( ! ,p5obscot dra9$ its we/]n slopes4 ,! rocks b5ea? 8 feet disclose n only ?is vision ( ! geologic pa/2 besides t1 9 _! sl[ decay1 9 ! *isell+ ( ! trickl+ wat]s1 9 ! cleavage ( masses by w9t]'s ice1 9 ! peel+ ( ! surface by alt]nate freez+ & melt+1 9 ! dissolution & dis9tegration ev]y:]e by ! *emicals imprison$ 9 air & wat]1 all ( :i* he sees b5ea? 8 feet1 !y disclose to him ! processes by :i* ,nature has wr\ght ?is spl5did ru94 ,& if1 captivat$ by ?is vision1 he /udies intimately ! page ( hi/ory writt5 9 ^! rocks1 he w f9d x full ( fasc9at+ detail4 ,! region also (f]s an absorb+ introduction to ! /udy ( our ea/]n flora4 ,! expos$ bogs & headl&s support sev]al hundr$ species ( plants typical ( ! arctic1 sub-arctic1 & ,hudsonian zones1 toge!r ) practically all ( ! common plants ( ! ,canadian zone1 & _m ( ! s\!rn coa/s4 ,s ) ! trees4 ,ess5tially coa/al1 x is ! l& ( conif]s1 ! s\!rn limit ( "s :i* are common 9 ! great regions ( ! nor?1 yet exhibit+ 9 ne>ly full v>iety ! species = _m miles s\?2 yet x is also1 9 its %elt]$ valleys1 rem>kably repres5tative ( ! decidu\s gr[?s ( ! entire ,appala*ian region4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fr5*man',s ,,bay ,,f ,,! ,,ea/ ,,cliff ,,( ,,*ampla9 ,,m\nta9 ,lafayette ,national ,p>k ,! bird life is full & v>i$4 ,! food supply attracts migratory birds1 & aquatic birds f9d "h ! conditions :i* make = increase4 ,de] are return+ 9 "s numb]s f ! ma9l&4 ,9 brief1 ! ,lafayette ,national ,p>k1 small ?\gh x is1 is "o ( ! mo/ important memb]s ( ! national p>ks sy/em4 ,= ! pleasure seek] no o!r provides s wide & v>i$ an opportunity4 ,to ! /ud5t1 no o!r (f]s a m readable or m di/9ctive volume2 x is ! only national museum ( ! fasc9at+ geology ( ! ea/1 & ,i c ?9k ( no o!r place 9 ! ea/ :]e classes c f9d s v>i$ & s significant an exhibit4 ,to ! arti/1 ! poet1 & ! dream] x pres5ts vi/as ( ocean1 inlet1 fiord1 %ore1 wave-la%$ promontory1 bog1 mead[1 =e/1 & m\nta9--an answ] to e mood4 ,if ?is nation1 z n[ appe>s1 mu/ long lack national p>ks repres5tative ( ! range ( its spl5did ea/1 let u be ?ankful t ?is "o small p>k is s complete & s di/+ui%$4 ,,! ,,volcanic ,,national ,,p>ks ,,on ,,! ,,volcano ,,9 ,,sc5]y ,! volcanic national p>ks are ,lass5 ,volcanic1 ,crat] ,lake1 ,m\nt ,ra9i]1 ,yell[/one1 & ,hawaii4 ,?\gh sev]al ( !m exhibit extremely high m\nta9s1 _! sc5ic ensemble diff]s 9 almo/ all respects f t ( ! granite p>ks4 ,! l&scape t5ds to broad elevat$ surfaces & roll+ hills1 f :i* rise %>p t[]+ cones or massive m\nta9s ^: irregul> bulg+ knobs 7 =m$ by outbreaks ( lava ^u ! sides ( orig9al c5tral v5ts4 ,! ,cascade ,m\nta9s 9 ,wa%+ton1 ,oregon1 & nor!rn ,cali=nia are "o ( ! be/ examples ( su* a l&scape2 f its l[ swell+ summits rise at int]vals ! p[]ful ma/] cones ( ,%a/a1 ,ra9i]1 ,adams1 ,hood1 ,bak]1 & o!rs4 ,fujiyama1 ! celebrat$ m\nta9 ( ,japan1 may be cit$ z a famili> example ( ! basic m\nta9 =m1 ! s+le-cone volcanic peak4 ,vesuvius is a famili> example ( simple complication1 ! d\ble-cone volcano1 :ile ,mauna ,loa 9 ,hawaii1 includ+ ,kilauea ( ! pit ( fire1 a neighbor volcano :i* x has almo/ engulf$ 9 its swoll5 bulk1 well illu/rates ! volcano built up by outp\r+s ( lava f v5ts brok5 ?r\gh its sides4 ,flat & roll+ ,yell[/one ) its geys] fields1 is "o ( ! be/ possible examples ( a dead & mu* erod$ volcanic region4 ,! sc5ic detail ( ! volcanic l&scape is int]e/+ & diff]5t f any o!r4 ,c5turies & ! elem5ts create f lava a soil ( great f]tility4 ,no =e/s & wild fl[]s excel ^? gr[+ on ! lavas ( ! ,cascades1 & ! f]tility ( ! ,hawaiian ,isl&s1 :i* are entirely volcanic1 is _w-fam\s4 ,/reams cut deep & (t5 highly color$ canyons 9 ^! broad lava l&s1 & w9d & ra91 :ile erod+ valleys1 (t5 leave ornately modell$ edifices ( h>d] rock1 & tall ?9 ne$les po9t+ to ! z5i?4 ,9 ! ne> neighborhood ( ! volcanoes1 z well z on _! slop+ sides1 are f\nd lava =mations ( _m /range & wond]ful k9ds4 ,hot spr+s & bubbl+ pa9t pots ab\nd2 & 9 ! ,yell[/one ,national ,p>k1 geys]s4 ,fields ( fanta/ic1 twi/$ %apes1 masses sugge/+ heaps ( tumbl$ ropes1 up/&+ spatt] cones1 caves ar*$ ) lava ro(s1 are a v few ( ! v _m ph5om5a :i* ! climb] ( a volcano enc\nt]s on 8 way4 ,& at ! top1 broad1 b[l-%ap$ crat]s1 ^: walls are sometimes _m hundr$ feet deep1 enclose1 if ! crat] has long be5 dormant1 s&y floors1 f :i*1 p]haps1 small c9d] cones arise4 ,if ! crat] /ill is active1 ! adv5tur]'s exp]i5ces are limit$ only by 8 d>+4 ,! entire region1 9 %ort1 /rik+ly diff]s f any o!r ( sc5ic k9d4 ,( ! sev]al processes ( _w-mak+1 all ( :i* are progress+ to-day at normal spe$1 none is s ?rill+ z volcanism1 because no o!r conc5trates action into t]ms ( human grasp4 ,lass5 ,peak's eruption ( a ?\s& cubic y>ds ( lava 9 a few h\rs ?rills u m ?an ! ,mississippi's erosion ( an av]age foot ( h] va/ valley 9 a hundr$ ?\s& ye>s2 yet ! latt] is enorm\sly ! great]4 ,! explosion ( ,m\nt ,katmai1 ! rise & fall ( ,kilauea's boil+ lava1 ! play+ ( ,yell[/one's mon/] geys]s1 ! spectacle ( ,mazama's lake-fill$ crat]1 ! /eam+ ( ! ,cascade's myriad bubbl+ spr+s1 all make /rong appeal to ! imag9ation4 ,!y c>ry home ! realization ( my/]i\s1 ov]:elm+ p[]4 ,lava is molt5 rock ( excessively high temp]ature1 :i* sudd5ly becomes releas$ f ! fe>ful pressures ( e>?'s int]ior4 ,hurl$ f volcanic v5ts1 or gu%+ f cracks 9 ! e>?'s sk91 x spreads rapidly ov] l>ge neighborhoods1 fill+ valleys & rais+ bulky r\nd$ masses4 ,(t5 x is s(t & fro?y1 l pumice4 ,ev5 9 its frequ5t glass =ms1 obsidian1 = example1 x easily dis9tegrates4 ,!re are z _m k9ds ( lava z !re are k9ds ( rock f :i* x is =m$4 ,volcanic sc5]y is by no means conf9$ to :at we call ! volcanic national p>ks4 ,volcanoes 7 frequ5t 9 _m p>ts ( ! cont95t4 ,we meet _! remnants unexpect$ly among ! granites ( ! ,rockies & ! ,si]ra1 & ! s$im5t>y rocks ( ! we/ & ! s\?we/4 ,sev]al ( our national p>ks besides ^? prevail+ly volcanic1 & sev]al ( our mo/ di/+ui%$ national monum5ts1 exhibit int]e/+ volcanic int]ludes4 ,,vii ,,lass5 ,,peak ,,& ,,m\nt ,,katmai ,,! ,,"o ,a ,,national ,,p>k ,,9 ,,nor!rn ,,cali=nia1 ,,! ,,o!r ,a ,,national ,,monum5t ,,9 ,,alaska ,because mo/ ( ! conspicu\s volcanic eruptions ( our day h occurr$ 9 w>m] climes ne>] ! equator1 we usually ?9k ( volcanoes z tropical1 or semi-tropical1 ph5om5a4 ,vesuvius is 9 ! ,m$it]ranean1 ,pelee 9 ! ,c>ibbean1 ,mauna ,loa & ,kilauea on ! ,hawaiian ,isl&s4 ,( c\rse !re is ,lass5 ,peak 9 ,cali=nia--! exception1 z we say1 :i* proves ! rule4 ,z a fact1 _m ( ! _w's greate/ volcanoes are v f> inde$ f ! tropics4 ,volcanoes result f ! movem5t ( e>? masses seek+ equilibrium und]nea? e>?'s cru/1 b ne> en\gh to ! surface to enable molt5 rock "u t]rific pressure to "w upw>d f isolat$ pockets & break ?r\gh4 ,volcanoes occur 9 all latitudes4 ,ev5 ,icel& has its great volcano4 ,x is true t ! volcano map %[s !m congregat+ ?ickly 9 a broad b&1 ( :i* ! equator is ! c5tre1 b x also %[s !m bord]+ ! ,pacific ,coa/ f ,patagonia to ,alaska1 cross+ ! ocean ?r\gh ! ,aleutian ,isl&s1 & ext5d+ f> d[n ! ,asian coa/4 ,x also %[s _m inl& volcanoes1 isolat$ & 9 s]ies4 ,! di/ribution is exce$+ly wide4 ,volcanoes usually occur 9 belts :i* may or may n co9cide ) l9es ( weak5+ 9 ! e>?'s cru/ bel[4 ,h5ce ! s]ies ( flam+ tor*es ( prehi/oric days :i*1 _! fires n[ ext+ui%$ & _! sides swa!d 9 ice1 h become 9 our day ! r[ ( spectacul> peaks ext5d+ f nor!rn ,cali=nia to ,puget ,s\nd4 ,h5ce also ! long range ( ?reat5+ summits :i* skirts ,alaska's s\!rn %ore1 to-day ! _w's mo/ active volcanic belt4 ,"h x 0 t ,katmai's summit 0 lo/ 9 ! mighty explosion ( ,june1 #aiab1 "o ( enorm\s viol5ce1 :i* foll[$ trem5d\s eruptions else:]e along ! same coa/1 & is expect$ to be foll[$ by o!rs1 p]haps ( ev5 great] imm5sity & p[]4 ,^! two volcanic belts conta9 ea* an active volcano :i* ,congress has made ! c5tre ( a national res]vation4 ,lass5 ,peak1 "s wise m5 believe1 is ! la/ exhibit ( activity 9 ! dy+ volcanism ( ! ,cascade ,m\nta9s4 ,m\nt ,katmai is ! late/ & greate/ exhibit 9 a volcanic belt :i* is believ$ to be "y & gr[+4 ,,! ,,build+ ,,( ,,! ,,cascades ,millions ( ye>s ago1 9 ! p]iod :i* geologi/s call ,t]ti>y1 ! pressure "u t "p ( ! cru/ ( ! e>? :i* n[ is ,wa%+ton1 ,oregon1 & nor!rn ,cali=nia1 became too p[]ful = solid rock to )/&4 ,long l9es ( hills appe>$ p>allel to ! sea1 & gradually rose hundr$s1 & p]haps ?\s&s1 ( feet4 ,^! crack$1 & f ! long summit-fissures issu$ hot lava1 :i* spread ov] enorm\s areas &1 cool+1 laid ! f\ndations = ! com+ ,cascade ,m\nta9s4 ,:5 ! gap+ fissures eas$ ! pressure f b5ea?1 !y fill$ ) a% & lava except at c]ta9 v5t holes1 ar\nd :i* grew ! volcanoes :i*1 :5 _! usefulness z *imneys pass$1 became ^? cones ( ice & sn[ :i* n[ are ! glory ( our nor?we/4 ,!re may h be5 at "o "t _m hundr$s ( ^! volcanoes1 big & little4 ,mo/ ( !m d\btless quickly p]i%$ "u ! gr[+ slopes ( _! l>g] neighbors1 &1 z !y became *ok$ ) a%1 ! lava :i* _h be5 f9d+ v5t ?r\gh !m s\ght o!r doors ( escape1 & f\nd !m 9 ! l>g] volcanoes4 ,?us1 by natural selection1 !re surviv$ at la/ t knightly company ( mon/]s n[ uni=m$ 9 ice1 :i* includes1 f nor? to s\?1 su* celebrities z ,m\nt ,bak]1 ,m\nt ,ra9i]1 ,m\nt ,adams1 ,m\nt ,/4 ,hel5s1 ,m\nt ,hood1 vani%$ ,m\nt ,mazama1 ,m\nt ,%a/a1 & liv+ ,lass5 ,peak4 ,:e!r or n sev]al ( ^! va/ beacons lit ,pacific's nights at "o "t c nev] be kn[n ) c]ta9ty1 b probability makes ! claim4 ,:e!r or n 9 _! decl9e ! canoes ( prehi/oric m5 f\nd h>bor by guidance ( _! pill>s ( fire by night1 & _! pill>s ( smoke by day is less probable b possible4 ,"o at lea/ ( ! giant b&1 ,lass5 ,peak1 is semi-active to-day4 ,at lea/ two o!rs1 ,m\nt ,ra9i] & ,m\nt ,bak]1 (f] evid5ces ( int]nal heat b5ea? _! mail ( ice4 ,& e>ly settl]s 9 ! nor?we/ report ,indian traditions ( ! awful cataclysm 9 :i* ,m\nt ,ra9i] lo/ two ?\s& feet ( cone4 ,,lass5 ,,peak ,,national ,,p>k ,lass5 ,peak1 ! la/ ( ! ,cascades 9 active eruption1 rises betwe5 ! nor!rn end ( ! ,si]ra ,nevada ,m\nta9s1 ( :i* x is locally b wrongly consid]$ a "p1 & ! ,klama? ,m\nta9s1 a spur ( ! ,cascades4 ,actually x is ! s\!rn t]m9us ( ! ,cascades4 99 99 99 99 99 ,?\gh quiet = m ?an two hundr$ ye>s1 ! region long has enjoy$ sci5tific & popul> int]e/ because x possesses hot spr+s1 mud volcanoes & o!r m9or volcanic ph5om5a1 & p>ticul>ly because its cones1 :i* are easily climb$ & /udi$1 h rema9$ v ne>ly p]fect4 ,besides ,lass5 ,peak1 ^: altitude is #aj1dcg feet1 !re are o!rs ( l>ge size & great int]e/ close by4 ,prospect ,peak atta9s ! altitude ( #i1bjj feet2 ,h>kness ,peak #i1jjj feet2 & ,c9d] ,cone1 a specim5 ( unusual beauty1 #f1ijg feet4 ,because x seem$ desirable to cons]ve ! be/ two ( ^! examples ( rec5t volcanism1 ,presid5t ,taft 9 #aijf creat$ ! ,lass5 ,peak & ! ,c9d] ,cone ,national ,monum5ts4 ,d\btless !re w\ld h be5 no *ange 9 ! /atus ( ^! res]vations _h n ,lass5 ,peak brok5 its long sleep 9 ! spr+ ( #aiad ) a s]ies ( eruptions cov]+ a p]iod ( n9ete5 mon?s4 ,?is c5tr$ att5tion ^u ! region1 & 9 ,augu/1 #aiaf1 ,congress creat$ ! ,lass5 ,volcanic ,national ,p>k1 a res]vation ( a hundr$ & tw5ty-f\r squ>e miles1 :i* includ$ bo? national monum5ts1 o!r notable cones ( ! neighborhood1 & practically all ! hot spr+s & o!r less] ph5om5a4 ,f\r mon?s aft] ! creation ( ! national p>k ,lass5 ,peak ceas$ activity ) its two hundr$ & twelf? eruption4 ,x is n expect$ to resume4 ,= "s ye>s1 h[ev]1 sci5ti/s w cont9ue to class x z semi-active4 ,^! eruptions1 none ( :i* produc$ any consid]able lava fl[1 are reg>d$ z probably ! dy+ gasps ( ! volcanic en]gy ( ! ,cascades4 ,!y began 9 ,may1 #aiad1 ) %>p explosions ( /eam & smoke f ! summit crat]4 ,! news ar\s$ wide-spread int]e/ ?r\gh\t ! ,unit$ ,/ates2 x 0 ! fir/ volcanic eruption )9 ! national b\nd>ies4 ,dur+ ! foll[+ summ] !re 7 ?irty-eight slight simil> eruptions1 "s ( :i* scatt]$ a%es 9 ! neighborhood4 ,! spectacle 0 "o ( magnific5ce because ( ! heavy columns ( smoke4 ,eruptions increas$ 9 frequ5cy ) w9t]1 fifty-six occurr+ dur+ ! balance ( ! ye>4 ,illu/ration3 ,f a photograph by ,j4,s4 ,dill] ,,lass5 ,,peak ,,se5 ,,f ,,! ,,s\?we/ ,on ! left is ! mat]ial la/ erupt$ f ! slope ( ! peak4 ,x is call$ ,*aos ,illu/ration3 ,f a photograph by ,j4,s4 ,dill] ,,lass5 ,,peak ,,close ,,up ,%[+ ! nor!a/ slope z se5 f ,*aos ,ab\t ! end ( ,m>*1 #aiae1 accord+ to ,doctor ,j4,s4 ,dill] ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,geological ,survey1 new lava _h fill$ ! crat] & ov]fl[$ ! we/ slope a ?\s& feet4 ,on ,may #bb foll[+ occurr$ ! greate/ eruption ( ! s]ies4 ,a mu%room-%ap$ cl\d ( smoke bur/ f\r miles upw>d 9 air4 ,! spectacle1 "o ( gr&eur1 0 pla9ly visible ev5 f ! ,sacram5to ,valley4 ,at night1 writes ,doctor ,dill]1 fla%es ( light f ! m\nta9 summit1 fly+ rocket-l bodies & cl\d-gl[s ov] ! crat] reflect+ ! light f inc&esc5t lavas bel[1 7 se5 by _m obs]v]s f v>i\s po9ts ( view1 & appe> to indicate t mu* ( ! mat]ial erupt$ 0 suffici5tly hot to be lum9\s4 ,ano!r int]e/+ ph5om5on 0 ! bla/ ( sup]heat$ gas :i* swept d[n ,lo/ ,creek & ,hot ,creek ,valleys4 ,= t5 miles x )]$ & de/roy$ e liv+ ?+ 9 its pa?4 ,l>ge trees 7 uproot$4 ,=e/s 7 scor*$ to a c9d]4 ,sn[-fields 7 in/antly turn$ to wat] & flood$ ! l[] valleys ) ru%+ tides4 ,lat] exam9ation %[$ t ?is explosion _h op5$ a new fissure1 & t ! old & new crat]s1 n[ jo9$ 9 "o1 7 fill$ ) a lava lid4 ,foll[+ ?is1 ! eruptions /eadily decl9$ 9 viol5ce till _! close ! foll[+ ,decemb]4 ,z a national p>k1 ?\gh undevelop$ & unequipp$ z yet1 ,lass5 has _m *>ms besides its volcanic ph5om5a4 ,its we/]n & s\!rn slopes are ?ickly =e/$ & possess f9e lakes & /reams4 ,sev]al ?\s& p]sons1 l>gely motori/s1 h visit$ x ye>ly ( late4 ,!re are hot spr+s at ,drakesbad1 j )9 ! s\!rn bord]1 :i* h local popul>ity z ba?s4 ,! tr\t-fi%+ 9 lake & /ream is excell5t1 & %oot+ is enc\rag$ 9 ! ext5sive national =e/ :i* surr\nds ! p>k1 b n 9 ! p>k itself1 :i* is sanctu>y4 ,9 spite ( ! hunt+1 de] are /ill f\nd4 ,! greate/ pleasure1 h[ev]1 w be f\nd 9 explor+ ! volcanoes1 f ^: summits views are obta9able ( _m miles ( ?is tumbl$ & spl5didly =e/$ "p ( ,cali=nia & ( ! dry pla9s ( ! ,great ,bas9 on its ea/4 ,,! ,,katmai ,,national ,,monum5t ,we turn f ! dy+ flutt] ( ,cali=nia's la/ rema9+ active volcano to ! excessive viol5ce ( a volcano 9 ! extremely active ,alaskan coa/ range4 ,! ,m\nt ,katmai ,national ,monum5t w h few visitors because x is inaccessible by any?+ less ?an an explor+-p>ty4 ,we "k x pr9cipally f ! reports ( f\r exp$itions by ! ,national ,geographic ,society4 ,in=m$ by ^! reports1 ,presid5t ,wilson creat$ x a national monum5t 9 #aiah4 ,a rem>kable volcanic belt beg9s 9 s\!rn ,alaska at ! head ( ,cook ,inlet1 & foll[s ! coa/ 9 a broad s\?we/]ly curve fifte5 hundr$ miles long ?r\gh ! ,alaskan ,p59sula to ! end ( ! ,aleutian ,isl&s1 ne>ly enclos+ ,behr+ ,sea4 ,x is v anci5t4 ,its ma9l& segm5t conta9s a doz5 peaks1 :i* are class$ z active or lat5t1 & its isl& segm5t _m o!r volcanoes4 ,/4 ,augu/9e's eruption 9 #ahhc 0 "o ( extreme viol5ce4 ,kugak 0 active 9 #ahhi4 ,v5iam9('s eruption 9 #ahib rank$ ) ,/4 ,augu/9e's4 ,r$\bt erupt$ 9 #aijb1 & ,katmai1 ) excessive viol5ce1 9 ,june1 #aiab4 ,! entire belt is alive ) volcanic excitem5t4 ,pavl(1 at ! p59sula's end1 has be5 /eam+ = ye>s1 & sev]al o!rs are "u expectant sci5tific obs]vation4 ,katmai may be outdone at any "t4 ,katmai is a peak ( #f1igj feet altitude1 on trea*]\s ,%elik( ,/rait1 opposite ,kodiak ,isl&4 ,x rises f an inhospitable %ore f> f /eam] r\tes or o!r recogniz$ l9es ( travel4 ,until x ann\nc$ itself ) a ro> :i* 0 he>d at ,juneau1 sev5 hundr$ & fifty miles away1 its v exi/5ce 0 probably unkn[n except to a few prospectors1 fi%]m51 geograph]s1 & geologi/s4 ,e>?quakes foll[$ ! bla/1 !n foll[$ night ( smoke & du/4 ,d>kness la/$ sixty h\rs at ,kodiak1 a hundr$ miles away4 ,du/ fell z f> z ,ket*ikan1 n9e hundr$ miles away4 ,fumes 7 borne on ! w9d z f> z ,vanc\v] ,isl&1 fifte5 hundr$ miles away4 ,wea!r ,bureau reports not$ haz9ess z f> away z ,virg9ia dur+ succe$+ weeks1 & ! extraord9>y haz9ess 9 ,europe dur+ ! foll[+ summ] is not$ by ,doctor ,c4,s4 ,abbott1 ,director ( ! ,a/rophysical ,obs]vatory ( ! ,smi?sonian ,in/itution1 9 connection ) ?is eruption4 ,nev]!less1 ,katmai's is by no means ! greate/ volcanic eruption4 ,katmai's output ( a% 0 ab\t five cubic miles4 ,sev]al eruptions h greatly exce$$ t 9 bulk1 notably t ( ,tomboro1 9 ! isl& ( ,sumbawa1 ne> ,java1 9 #ahae1 :5 m ?an tw5ty-eight cubic miles ( a% 7 flung to ! w9ds4 ,comp>ison ) _m great eruptions ^: output 0 pr9cipally lava is ( c\rse impossible4 ,! sc5e ( ?is explosion is ! national monum5t ( to-day4 ,! holl[$ %ell ( ,katmai's summit is a spectacle ( wond]m5t & gr&eur4 ,rob]t ,f4 ,griggs1 :o head$ ! exp$itions :i* explor$ x1 /ates t ! area ( ! crat] is #h4d squ>e miles1 measur$ along ! highe/ po9t ( ! rim4 ,! abyss is #b4f miles long1 #g4f miles 9 circumf]5ce1 & #d4b squ>e miles 9 area4 ,a lake has =m$ )9 x :i* is #a4d miles long & n9e-t5?s ( a mile wide4 ,its dep? is unkn[n4 ,! precipice f ! lake to ! highe/ po9t ( ! rim measures ?irty-sev5 hundr$ feet4 ,! mo/ int]e/+ exhibit ( ! ,katmai ,national ,monum5t1 h[ev]1 is a gr\p ( neighbor+ valleys j across ! we/]n divide1 ! pr9cipal "o ( :i* ,mr4 ,griggs1 ) picturesque inaccuracy1 nam$ ! ,valley ( ,t5 ,?\s& ,smokes2 =1 f its floor & sides & ! floors & sides ( small] tribut>y valleys1 sup]heat$ /eam issues 9 ?\s&s ( hiss+ columns4 ,x is an appall+ spectacle4 ,! temp]atures ( ?is /eam are extremely high2 ,griggs reports "o in/ance ( #dcb degrees ,c5tigrade1 :i* w\ld equal #idh degrees ,fahr5heit2 9 "s v5ts he f\nd a high] temp]ature at ! surface ?an a few feet d[n its ?roat4 ,! v gr\nd is hot4 ,?is ph5om5al valley is n to be fully expla9$ (fh&2 z ,griggs says1 !re are _m problems to "w out4 ,! /eam v5ts appe> to be v rec5t4 ,!y did n exi/ :5 ,spurr cross$ ! valley 9 #ahih1 & ,m>t9 he>d no?+ ( !m :5 he 0 9 ! ne> neighborhood 9 #aijc & #aijd4 ,! same volcanic impulse :i* f\nd its ma9 relief 9 ! explosive eruption ( ne>-by ,katmai 9 #aiab no d\bt crack$ ! deep-ly+ rocks b5ea? ?is gr\p ( valleys1 expos+ sup]heat$ rocks to subt]ranean wat]s :i* =?) turn$ to /eam & =c$ ^! v5ts = escape4 ,griggs reports t volcanic gases m+le freely ) ! /eam4 ,! wat]s may h "o or m ( sev]al s\rces2 p]haps !y come f deep spr+s orig9at+ 9 surface sn[s & ra9s2 p]haps !y seep 9 f ! sea4 ,:atev] _! orig9 ! region especially int]e/s u z a probably e>ly /age ( ph5om5a ^: lat] /ages f9d conspicu\s examples 9 sev]al ( our national p>ks4 ,"s day1 ) ! cool+ ( ! region1 ?is may become ! valley ( t5 ?\s& hot spr+s4 ,b x is useful & )9 sci5tific probability to c>ry ?is conception mu* fur!r4 ,! comp>ison betwe5 ,katmai's /eam+ valleys & ! geys] bas9 ( ,yell[/one is especially in/ructive because ,yell[/one's bas9s d\btless once 7 :at ,katmai's /eam+ valleys are n[4 ,! ,valley ( ,t5 ,?\s& ,smokes may well be a com+ geys]-field ( enorm\s size4 ,! explanation is simple4 ,buns5's geys] !ory1 n[ g5]ally accept$1 presupposes a column ( wat] fill+ ! geys] v5t above a deep rocky sup]heat$ *amb]1 9 :i* ent]+ wat] is be+ rapidly turn$ into /eam4 ,:5 ?is /eam becomes pl5tiful en\gh & suffici5tly compress$ to ov]come ! weight ( ! wat] 9 ! v5t1 x sudd5ly exp&s & hurls ! wat] out4 ,t is :at makes ! geys] play4 ,n[ "o diff]5ce betwe5 ! ,yell[/one geys]-fields & ,katmai's /eam+ valleys is j a diff]5ce 9 temp]ature4 ,! entire dep? ( e>? "u ^! valleys is heat$ f> above boil+-po9t1 s t x is n possible = wat] to rema9 9 ! v5ts2 x turns to /eam z fa/ z x collects & ru%es out at ! top 9 cont9u\s fl[4 ,b :5 en\gh ?\s&s ( c5turies elapse = ! rocks betwe5 ! surface & ! deep int]nal pockets to cool1 ! wat] w rema9 9 _m v5ts z wat] until1 at regul> int]vals1 en\gh /eam ga!rs bel[ to hurl x out4 ,!n ^! valleys w become bas9s ( geys]s & hot spr+s l ,yell[/one's4 ,,viii ,,m\nt ,,ra9i]1 ,,icy ,,octopus ,,m\nt ,,ra9i] ,,national ,,p>k1 ,,we/ ,,c5tral ,,wa%+ton4 ,,area1 #cbd ,,squ>e ,,miles ,i ,m\nt ,ra9i]1 ! l(tie/ volcano )9 ! b\nd>ies ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 "o ( our greate/ m\nta9s1 & c]ta9ly our mo/ impos+ m\nta91 rises f we/]n c5tral ,wa%+ton to an altitude ( #ad1djh feet above mean tide 9 ,puget ,s\nd4 ,x is =ty-two miles 9 direct l9e f ! c5tre ( ,tacoma1 & fifty-sev5 miles f ,seattle1 f bo? ( :i* its gli/5+ peak is (t5 a prom95t spectacle4 ,) favor+ atmosph]ic conditions x c be se5 a hundr$ & fifty miles away4 ,nor? & s\? ( ,ra9i]1 ! ,cascade ,m\nta9s be> o!r sn[-capp$ volcanic peaks4 ,bak] rises #aj1gjc feet2 ,adams1 #ab1cjg feet2 ,/4 ,hel5s1 #i1fig feet2 ,hood1 #aa1bbe feet1 & ,%a/a1 #ad1afb feet4 ,b ,ra9i] surpasses !m all 9 height1 bulk1 & maje/y4 ,once x /ood #af1jjj feet1 z is indicat$ by ! slopes lead+ up to its brok5 & flatt5$ top4 ,! supposition is t ne>ly two ?\s& feet ( its apex 7 c>ri$ away 9 "o or m explosive eruptions long be=e hi/ory1 b possibly n be=e man2 !re are ,indian traditions ( a cataclysm4 ,!re 7 slight eruptions 9 #ahdc1 #ahed1 #aheh1 & #ahgj1 & f ! two crat]s at its summit issue _m jets ( /eam :i* com=t ! *ill$ climb]4 ,?is imm5se sleep+ cone is blanket$ 9 ice4 ,tw5ty-eight well-def9$ glaci]s fl[ d[n its sides1 sev]al ( :i* are ne>ly six miles long4 ,imag9+ ourselves look+ d[n f an airplane at a great height1 we c ?9k ( see+ x z an enorm\s froz5 octopus sprawl+ ^u ! grass1 = its curv+ arms ( ice1 rea*+ out 9 all directions1 p5etrate "o ( ! f9e/ =e/s ev5 ( our nor?we/4 ,! contra/ betwe5 ^! cold glaci]s & ! luxuriantly wild-fl[]$ & =e/-edg$ mead[s :i* bord] !m z snugly z s _m rippl+ summ] riv]s af=ds "o ( ! mo/ delightful features ( ! ,m\nt ,ra9i] ,national ,p>k4 ,p>adise ,inn1 = example1 /&s 9 a mead[ ( wild fl[]s betwe5 ,ra9i]'s icy front on ! "o side & ! sn[y ,tatoo% ,range on ! o!r1 ) ! ,nisqually ,glaci] fifte5 m9utes' walk away6 ,! casual t\ri/ :o has look$ at ! ,sn[y ,range ( ! ,rockies f ! di/ant com=t ( ,e/es ,p>k1 or ! ,high ,si]ra f ! d9+-por* ( ! ,glaci] ,po9t ,hotel1 receives an invigorat+ %ock ( a/oni%m5t at behold+ ,m\nt ,ra9i] ev5 at a di/ance4 ,its isolation gives x enorm\s sc5ic advantage4 ,m\nt ,:itney ( ! ,si]ra1 our l(tie/ summit1 :i* ov]tops x n9ety-?ree feet1 is m]ely ! climax 9 a tempe/u\s ocean ( sn[y neighbors :i* are only less l(ty2 ,ra9i] t[]s ne>ly eight ?\s& feet above its surr\nd+ m\nta9s4 ,x spr+s s p[]fully into ! air t "o involunt>ily looks = signs ( life & action4 ,b no smoke rises f its brok5 top4 ,x is /ill & helpless1 %ackl$ 9 bonds ( ice4 ,w x rema9 b\nd8 ,or w x1 ) due w>n+1 de/roy 9 a day ! elaborate sy/em ( glaci]s :i* c\ntless c5turies h built1 & leave a new & diff]5t1 & p]haps1 aft] ye>s ( glacial recov]y1 ev5 a m glori\sly beautiful ,m\nt ,ra9i] ?an n[8 ,! extraord9>y individuality ( ! ,am]ican national p>ks1 _! diff]5ce1 ea* f e o!r1 is n[h]e m m>k$ ?an "h4 ,s+le-peak$ glacial sy/ems ( ! size ( ,ra9i]'s1 ( c\rse1 are f\nd :]ev] m\nta9s ( great size rise 9 close masses f> above ! l9e ( p]petual sn[4 ,! ,alaskan ,range & ! ,himalayas may possess _m4 ,b if !re is any:]e ano!r m\nta9 ( approximate height & magnitude1 c>ry+ an approximate glaci] sy/em1 :i* rises eight ?\s& feet high] ?an its neighbors out ( a p>kl& ( lakes1 =e/s1 & wild-fl[] g>d5s1 :i* ,nature seems to h made especially = pleasur+1 & ! he>t ( :i* is rea*$ 9 f\r h\rs f a l>ge city situat$ ^u transatlantic railway-l9es1 ,i h n he>d ( x4 ,se5 a hundr$ miles away1 or f ! /reets ( ,seattle & ,tacoma1 or f ! motor-road approa*+ ! p>k1 or f ! p>k itself1 or f any ( ! _m int]glaci] valleys1 "o nev] gets us$ to ! spectacle ( ,ra9i]4 ,! %ock ( surprise1 ! in/ant s5se ( impossibility1 ev] repeats itself4 ,! m\nta9 assumes a ?\s& aspects :i* *ange ) ! h\rs1 ) ! position ( ! behold]1 & ) atmosph]ic conditions4 ,sometimes x is fairy-l1 sometimes ?reat5+1 always maje/ic4 ,"o is n surpris$ at ! ,indian's fe>4 ,(t5 ,ra9i] )draws 8 pres5ce altoge!r beh9d ! horizon mi/s2 ev5 a few miles away no h9t betrays 8 exi/5ce4 ,& v (t51 %r\d$ 9 sn[-/orm or cl\d1 he is lo/ to ^? at 8 foot4 ,my/]i\s & compell+ is ?is gho/ly m\nta9 to u :o see x = ! fir/ "t1 unable to look long away :ile x rema9s 9 view4 ,x is ! same1 old ,wa%+tonians tell me1 ) ^? :o h kept wat*+ x e day ( visibility = _m ye>s4 ,& s x 0 to ,capta9 ,george ,vanc\v] :51 fir/ ( :ite m51 he look$ ^u x f ! bridge ( ! ,discov]y on ,may #h1 #agib4 ,! wea!r 0 s]5e & pleasant1 he wrote "u t date1 & ! c\ntry cont9u$ to exhibit1 betwe5 u & ! ea/]n sn[y range1 ! same luxuriant appe>ance4 ,at its ea/]n extremity1 m\nt ,bak] bore by compass ,n4 #bb ,e42 ! r\nd sn[y m\nta91 n[ =m+ its s\!rn extremity1 & :i*1 aft] my fri5d ,re> ,admiral ,ra9i]1 ,i di/+ui%$ by ! "n ( ,,m\nt ,,ra9i]1 bore ,n4 7,s47 #db ,e4 ,illu/ration3 ,f a photograph by ,a4,h4 ,b>nes ,,s\!a/ ,,slope ,,( ,,m\nt ,,ra9i] ,! w9d+ glaci] is ! ,c[litz4 ,gibralt> is ! rock on ! "r ne> ! summit ,?us ,m\nt ,ra9i] 0 discov]$ & nam$ at ! same "t1 presumably on ! same day4 ,eighte5 days lat]1 hav+ foll[$ ! inlet1 mean+ ,puget ,s\nd1 to 8 po9t ( ne>e/ approa* to ! m\nta91 ,vanc\v] wrote3 ,we f\nd ! inlet to t]m9ate "h 9 an ext5sive circul> compact bay ^: wat]s wa%$ ! base ( m\nt ,ra9i]1 ?\gh its elevat$ summit 0 yet at a v consid]able di/ance f ! %ore1 ) :i* x 0 connect$ by sev]al ridges ( hills ris+ t[>ds x ) gradual asc5t & mu* regul>ity4 ,! =e/ trees & ! sev]al %ades ( v]dure t cov]$ ! hills gradually decreas$ 9 po9t ( beauty until !y became invisible2 :5 ! p]petual clo?+ ( sn[ comm5c$ :i* seem$ to =m a horizontal l9e f nor? to s\? along ?is range ( rugg$ m\nta9s1 f ^: summit m\nt ,ra9i] rose conspicu\sly1 & seem$ z mu* elevat$ above !m z !y 7 above ! level ( ! sea2 ! :ole produc+ a mo/ gr&1 picturesque effect4 ,vanc\v] made no attempt to rea* ! m\nta94 ,dream] ( great dreams ?\gh he 01 h[ l a madh\se nightm>e w\ld h seem$ to him a true prophecy ( mighty eng9es ^: l no human m9d _h !n conceiv$1 runn+ ^u roads ( /eel & asphalt at spe$s :i* no human m9d _h !n imag9$1 :irl+ ?\s&s ^u ?\s&s ( pleasure-seek]s f ! %ores ( t v inlet to ! gli/5+ m\nta9's fl[]$ sides6 ,j "o c5tury aft] ! discov]y1 ! ,geological ,society ( ,am]ica />t$ ! movem5t to make ,m\nt ,ra9i] a national p>k4 ,)9 a ye> ! ,am]ican ,association = ! ,advancem5t ( ,sci5ce1 ! ,national ,geographic ,society1 ! ,appala*ian ,m\nta9 ,club1 & ! ,si]ra ,club jo9$ 9 ! memorialization ( ,congress4 ,six ye>s lat]1 9 #ahii1 ! p>k 0 creat$4 ,,ii ,! pr9cipal entrance to ! p>k is up ! ,nisqually ,riv] at ! s\?4 ,"h ent]$ ! pione]1 ,james ,longmire1 _m ye>s ago1 & ! roads e/abli%$ by him & 8 fell[s det]m9$ ! direction ( ! fir/ national-p>k developm5t4 ,longmire ,spr+s1 = _m ye>s ! ne>e/ resort to ! great m\nta91 lies j )9 ! s\!rn b\nd>y4 ,beyond x ! road foll[s ! ,nisqually & ,p>adise valleys1 "u glori\s groves ( p9e1 c$>1 & hemlock1 along rav9es ( /rik+ beauty1 pa/ wat]falls & ! sn\t ( ! ,nisqually ,glaci]1 f9ally to inimitable ,p>adise ,p>k1 its inn1 its hotel camp1 & its public camp+-gr\nds4 ,o!r c5tres ( wild]ness life h be5 s9ce e/abli%$1 & ! m>vell\s nor? side ( ! p>k w be op5$ by ! con/ruction ( a nor?we/]ly highway up ! valley ( ! ,c>bon ,riv]2 already a f9e trail entirely ar\nd ! m\nta9 connects ^! v>i\s po9ts ( developm5t4 ,b ! s\!rn entrance & ,p>adise ,p>k w rema9 = _m ye>s ! pr9cipal c5tre ( exploration & pleasur+4 ,"h beg9s ! popul> trail to ! summit4 ,"h beg9 ! trails to _m ( ! f9e/ viewpo9ts1 ! be/-kn[n falls1 ! mo/ accessible ( ! _m exquisite int]glaci] g>d5s4 ,"h ! ,nisqually ,glaci] is rea*$ 9 a few m9utes' walk at a po9t p>ticul>ly adapt$ = ice-climb+1 & ! com=table view+ ( ice-falls1 crevasses1 caves1 & o!r glaci] ph5om5a gr&ly exhibit$ 9 fulle/ beauty4 ,x is a spot :i* c h 9 ! nature ( ?+s few equals else:]e 9 sc5ic v>iety & gr&eur4 ,on "o side is ! va/ gli/5+ m\nta92 on ! o!r side ! high s]rat$ ,tatoo% ,range spatt]$ ) p]petual sn[2 9 middle di/ance1 details ( long w9d+ glaci]s seam$ ) crevasses2 9 ! =egr\nd gorge\s roll+ mead[s ( wild fl[]s dott$ & bord]$ ) equally luxuriant & ri*ly v>i$ =e/ groves2 f close-by elevations1 a gorge\s tumbl$ wild]ness ( hills1 canyons1 riv]s1 lakes1 & falls backgr\nd$ by ! ,cascades & acc5t$ by di/ant sn[y peaks2 ! :ole p]vad$ by ! ev]-pres5t m\nta91 always ! same yet gr&ly diff]5t1 f diff]5t po9ts ( view1 9 ! detail ( its glaci]$ sides4 ,! v>iety ( pleasur+ is simil>ly v l>ge4 ,"o c ride horseback r\nd ! m\nta9 9 a leisurely week1 or sp5d a mon? or m explor+ ! great] wild]ness ( ! p>k4 ,"o c tramp ! trails on long trips1 camp+ by ! way1 or v>y a vacation ) num]\s %ort tramps4 ,or "o c loaf away ! days 9 dreamy cont5t1 ) n[ & !n a walk1 & n[ & !n a ride4 ,or "o c explore glaci]s & climb m9or m\nta9s2 ! ,tatoo% ,range alone w furni% ! /iffe/ z well z ! mo/ delightful climb+1 ) wond]ful rew>ds ^u ! jagg$ summits2 :ile %ort climbs to po9ts ^u ne>-by sn[-fields w af=d coa/+ )\t sl$s1 an excit+ sport1 especially appreciat$ :5 "o is "y4 ,9 ,july1 be=e ! valley sn[s melt away1 !re is toboggan+ & ski+ )9 a %ort walk ( ! ,inn4 ,! leisurely t\r afoot ar\nd ! m\nta91 ) pack-tra9 foll[+ ! trail1 is an exp]i5ce nev] to be =gott54 ,"o passes ! sn\ts ( a score ( glaci]s1 ea* produc+ its riv]1 & sees ! m\nta9 f e angle1 besides hav+ a cont9u\s panorama ( ! surr\nd+ c\ntry1 includ+ ,m\nt ,adams1 ,m\nt ,/4 ,hel5s1 ,m\nt ,bak]1 ,tacoma1 ,seattle1 ,m\nt ,olympus1 ! ,pacific ,ocean1 & ! ,cascades f ! ,columbia to ! int]national l9e4 ,%ort] excursions to o!r beautiful p>k-l&s (f] a wide v>iety ( pleasure4 ,indian ,h5ry's ,hunt+ ,gr\nd1 ,van ,trump ,p>k1 ,summ]l&1 & o!rs provide *>m & beauty z well z fasc9at+ *anges 9 ! aspect ( ! great m\nta94 ,illu/ration3 ,f a photograph by ,a4,h4 ,b>nes ,,m\nt ,,/4 ,,hel5s ,,se5 ,,f ,,m\nt ,,ra9i] ,,p>k ,illu/ration3 ,f a photograph by ,a4,h4 ,b>nes ,,m\nt ,,adams ,,se5 ,,f ,,m\nt ,,ra9i] ,,p>k ,( c\rse ! asc5t ( ! m\nta9 is ! ultimate objective ( ! climb]1 b few1 comp>atively1 w attempt x4 ,x is a feat 9 endurance :i* n _m are physically fit to und]take1 :ile to ! unfit !re are no rew>ds4 ,!re is comp>atively little rock-climb+1 b :at !re is w try w9d & muscle4 ,mo/ ( ! way is tramp+ up long sn[-cov]$ & ice-cov]$ slopes1 ) little re/ f ! />t at midnight to ! return1 if all goes well1 be=e ! foll[+ sund[n4 ,face & h&s are pa9t$ to protect aga9/ sunburn1 & color$ glasses av]t sn[-bl9dness4 ,success is s l>gely a matt] ( physical condition t _m ambiti\s t\ri/s are advis$ to practise a:ile on ! ,tatoo% ,range be=e attempt+ ! trip4 ,d y see ,p9nacle ,peak up !re8 !y ask y4 ,if y c make t y c make ,ra9i]4 ,bett] try x fir/4 ,& _m :o try ,p9nacle ,peak d n make x4 ,z ) e v l(ty m\nta9 ! view f ! summit dep5ds ^u ! conditions ( ! mom5t4 ,(t5 ,ra9i]'s summit is lo/ 9 mi/s & cl\ds1 & !re is no view4 ,v (t5 on ! cle>e/ day cl\ds cont9ually ga!r & dissipate2 "o is lucky 9 ! p>ticul> "t he is on top4 ,frequ5tly !re are p>tial views4 ,occasionally e condition favors1 & !n inde$ ! rew>d is great4 ,s4,f4 ,emmons1 :o made ! second asc5t1 & aft] :om "o ( ,ra9i]'s greate/ glaci]s 0 nam$1 /ood on ! summit ^u "o ( ^? =tunate mom5ts4 ,! entire m\nta9 9 all its inspir+ detail lay at 8 feet1 a wond] spectacle ( fir/ magnitude4 ,look+ to ! m di/ant c\ntry1 he wrote1 ! :ole /ret* ( ,puget ,s\nd1 seem+ l a pretty little lake emb[]$ 9 gre51 c\ld be se5 9 ! nor?we/1 beyond :i* ! ,olympic ,m\nta9s ext5d out into ! ,pacific ,ocean4 ,! ,cascade ,m\nta9s1 ly+ dw>f$ at our feet1 c\ld be trac$ nor?w>d into ,briti% ,columbia & s\?w>d into ,oregon1 :ile above !m1 at comp>atively regul> int]vals1 rose ! gho/like =ms ( our companion volcanoes4 ,to ! ea/w>d ! eye rang$ ov] hundr$s ( miles1 ov] *a9 on *a9 ( m\nta9 ridges :i* gradually disappe>$ 9 ! dim blue di/ance4 ,not)/&+ ! rigors ( ! asc5t p>ties leave ,p>adise ,inn = ! summit e suitable day4 ,hundr$s make ! asc5t ea* summ]4 ,to ! exp]i5c$ m\nta9-climb] x pres5ts no special difficulties4 ,to ! inexp]i5c$ x is an extraord9>y adv5ture4 ,c]ta9ly no "o kn[s 8 ,m\nt ,ra9i] :o has n measur$ its gigantic proportions 9 units ( 8 own endurance4 ,! fir/ successful asc5t 0 made by ,g5]al ,haz>d ,/ev5s & ,p4,b4 ,van ,trump1 bo? resid5ts ( ,wa%+ton1 on ,augu/ #ag1 #ahgj4 ,/>t+ f ,james ,longmire's ) ,mr4 ,longmire himself z guide up ! ,nisqually ,valley1 !y sp5t sev]al days 9 f9d+ ! ,indian ,sluisk91 :o %\ld take !m to ! summit4 ,) him1 !n1 assum+ ,longmire's place1 ,/ev5s & ,van ,trump />t$ on _! great adv5ture4 ,x prov$ m ( an adv5ture ?an !y anticipat$1 = n f> bel[ ! picturesque falls :i* !y nam$ aft] ,sluisk91 ! ,indian /opp$ & begg$ !m to g no f>!r4 ,f t compilation ( s*ol>ly wor?1 by ,pr(essor ,edmond ,s4 ,meany1 ,presid5t ( ! ,m\nta9e]s1 entitl$ ,m\nt ,ra9i]1 a ,record ( ,exploration1 ,i quote ,g5]al ,/ev5s's translation ( ,sluisk9's prote/3 ,li/5 to me1 my good fri5ds1 said ,sluisk91 ,i mu/ talk ) y4 ,y\r plan to climb ,takhoma is all fooli%ness4 ,no "o c d x & live4 ,a mighty *ief dwells ^u ! summit 9 a lake ( fire4 ,he brooks no intrud]s4 ,_m ye>s ago my gr&fa!r1 ! greate/ & brave/ *ief ( all ! ,yakima1 climb$ ne>ly to ! summit4 ,!re he caught sight ( ! fi]y lake & ! inf]nal demon com+ to de/roy him1 & fl$ d[n ! m\nta91 glad to escape ) 8 life4 ,:]e he fail$1 no o!r ,indian ev] d>$ make ! attempt4 ,at fir/ ! way is easy1 ! task seems light4 ,! broad sn[-fields ov] :i* ,i h (t5 hunt$ ! m\nta9-goat (f] an invit+ pa?4 ,b above !m y w h to climb ov] /eep rocks ov]hang+ deep gorges1 :]e a mis/ep w\ld hurl y f> d[n--d[n to c]ta9 dea?4 ,y mu/ creep ov] /eep sn[-banks & cross deep crevasses :]e a m\nta9-goat w\ld h>dly keep 8 foot+4 ,y mu/ climb along /eep cliffs :]e rocks are cont9ually fall+ to cru% y or knock y (f into ! bottomless dep?s4 ,& if y %\ld escape ^! p]ils & rea* ! great sn[y dome1 !n a bitt]ly cold & furi\s tempe/ w sweep y (f into space l a )]$ leaf4 ,b if by "s miracle y %\ld survive all ^! p]ils1 ! mighty demon ( ,takhoma w surely kill y & ?r[ y into ! fi]y lake4 ,don't y g4 ,y make my he>t sick :5 y talk ( climb+ ,takhoma4 ,y w p]i% if y try to climb ,takhoma4 ,y w p]i% & y\r p w blame me4 ,don't g6 ,don't g6 ,if y g ,i w wait "h two days & !n g to ,olympia & tell y\r p t y p]i%$ on ,takhoma4 ,give me a pap] to !m to let !m "k t ,i am n to blame = y\r dea?4 ,my talk is end$4 ,except = ! demon & 8 lake ( fire1 ,sluisk9's port5t ( h>d%ip prov$ to be a lit]al1 ev5 a mode/1 prophecy4 ,at five o'clock 9 ! ev5+1 aft] elev5 h\rs ( /ruggle ) precipices & glaci]s1 exhau/$1 *ill$1 & )\t food1 !y fac$ a night ( z]o gales ^u ! summit4 ,! discov]y ( com=t+ /eam-jets 9 a neighbor+ crat]1 ! reality p]haps ( ,sluisk9's lake ( fire1 made ! night livable1 ?\gh "o ( suff]+4 ,x 0 aft]noon ( ! foll[+ day be=e !y rea*$ camp & f\nd an a/oni%$ ,sluisk91 !n1 9 fact1 on ! po9t ( leav+ to report _! un=tunate de/ruction4 ,/ev5s & ,van ,trump 7 d\bly pione]s1 = _! way up ! m\nta9 is1 9 g5]al direction at lea/1 ! popul> way to-day1 greatly bett]$ s9ce1 h[ev]1 by ! %ort cuts & easi] det\rs :i* h foll[$ ^u exp]i5ce4 ,,iii ,our f\r volcanic national p>ks exemplify f\r /ates ( volcanic hi/ory4 ,lass5 ,peak is semi-active2 ,m\nt ,ra9i] is dormant2 ,yell[/one is dead1 & ,crat] ,lake m>ks ! spot ?r\gh :i* a volcano collaps$ & disappe>$4 ,ra9i]'s usefulness z a volcanic example1 h[ev]1 is lo/ 9 its supreme usefulness z a glacial exhibit4 ,! /ud5t ( glaci]s :o beg9s "h ) ! glaci] 9 action1 & !n /udies ! effects ( glaci]s ^u igne\s rocks among ! cirques ( ! ,si]ra1 & ^u s$im5t>y rocks 9 ! ,glaci] ,national ,p>k1 w /udy ! ma/]s2 :i*1 by ! way1 is a tip = univ]sities contemplat+ summ] field-classes4 ,^u ! truncat$ top ( ,m\nt ,ra9i]1 ne>ly ?ree miles 9 diamet]1 rise two small c9d] cones :i* =m1 at ! junction ( _! crat]s1 ! m\nta9's r\nd$ sn[-cov]$ summit4 ,x is kn[n z ,columbia ,cre/4 ,z ?is only rises f\r hundr$ feet above ! old] conta9+ crat]1 x is n always id5tifi$ f bel[ z ! highe/ po9t4 ,two comm&+ rocky elevations ( ! old rim1 ,po9t ,success on its s\?we/ side1 #ad1aej feet1 & ,lib]ty ,cap on its nor?we/ side1 #ad1aab feet1 appe> to be1 f ! m\nta9's foot1 its po9ts ( greate/ altitude4 ,ra9i]'s top1 ?\gh cov]$ ) sn[ & ice1 except 9 spots b>$ by int]nal heat1 is n ! s\rce ( its glaci]s1 al?\gh its ext5sive ice-fields fl[ into & fe$ sev]al ( !m4 ,! glaci]s !mselves1 ev5 ^? cont9u\s ) ! summit ice1 really orig9ate ab\t f\r ?\s& feet bel[ ! top 9 cirques or pockets :i* are pr9cipally f$ ) ! trem5d\s sn[s ( w9t]1 & ! w9d sweep+s & avalan*es f ! summit4 ,! ,pacific w9ds are *>g$ heavily ) moi/ure :i* desc5ds ^u ,ra9i] 9 sn[s ( great dep?4 ,ev5 ,p>adise ,p>k is sn[$ "u f twelve to ?irty feet4 ,!re is a photograph ( a rang] cab9 9 ,febru>y :i* %[s only a slight sn[-m\nd ) a hole 9 its top :i* locates ! hidd5 *imney4 ,f4,e4 ,mat!s1 ! geologi/1 tells ( a sn[ level ( fifty feet dep? 9 ,indian ,h5ry's ,hunt+ ,gr\nd1 "o ( ,ra9i]'s mo/ beautiful p>ks1 9 :i* ! w9d _h sunk a crat]-l holl[ f ! bottom ( :i* em]g$ a *imney4 ,^! sn[s repl5i% ! glaci]s1 :i* h a comb9$ surface ( =ty-five squ>e miles1 along _! entire l5g?1 9 addition to mak+ enorm\s accumulations 9 ! cirques4 ,illu/ration3 ,,sluisk9 ,,ridge ,,& ,,columbia ,,cre/ ,illu/ration3 ,f a photograph copyright by ,a4,h4 ,b>nes ,,m\nt ,,ra9i] ,,se5 ,,f ,,tacoma ,beg9n+ !n 9 its cirque1 z a riv] (t5 beg9s 9 its lake1 ! glaci] fl[s d[nw>d1 riv]-l1 along a c\rse ( lea/ resi/ance4 ,"h x p\rs ov] a precipice 9 brok5 falls to flatt5 out 9 p]fect texture 9 ! ev5 /ret* bel[4 ,"h x plunges d[n rapids1 break+ into crevasses z ! riv] 9 correspond+ phase breaks into ripples4 ,"h x rises smoo?ly ov] rocks ^u its bottom4 ,"h x /rikes aga9/ a wall ( rock & turns %>ply4 ,! p>allel betwe5 ! glaci] & ! riv] is /rik+ & consi/5t1 not)/&+ t ! geologi/ = te*nical reasons w qu>rel ) y if y picturesquely call y\r glaci] a riv] ( ice4 ,any elevat$ viewpo9t w disclose sev]al or _m ( ^! mighty /reams fl[+ 9 snakelike curves d[n ! m\nta9side1 ! great] /reams swoll5 "h & !re by tribut>ies z riv]s are swoll5 by ent]+ creeks4 ,& all ev5tually rea* a po9t1 det]m9$ by temp]ature & !re=e n con/ant1 :]e ! riv] ( ice becomes ! riv] ( wat]4 ,beg9n+ :ite & pure1 ! glaci] gradually clo!s itself 9 rock & dirt4 ,ga!r+ z x moves n>r[ edges ( matt] fil*$ f ! %ores1 lat] on x heaps ^! up ^u its l[] banks4 ,!y are lat]al mora9es4 ,two m]g+ glaci]s unite ! mat]ial c>ri$ on _! jo9$ edges & =m a m$ial mora9e1 a ribbon broad5+ & ?ick5+ z x desc5ds2 a glaci] made up ( sev]al tribut>ies c>ries z _m m$ial mora9es4 ,x also c>ries mu* unorganiz$ matt] fall5 f ! cliffs or scrap$ f ! bottom4 ,approa*+ ! sn\t1 all ^! accumulations m]ge into "o mora9e2 & s soil$ has ! ice n[ become t x is difficult to tell :i* is ice & :i* is rock4 ,at its sn\t is an ice-cave f> inside ( :i* ! resultant riv] orig9ates4 ,b ! glaci] has "o v important function :i* ! riv] does n %>e4 ,f> up at its beg9n+s x freezes to ! back wall ( its cirque1 &1 mov+ =w>d1 pulls out1 or plucks out1 z ! geologi/s h x1 masses ( rock :i* x c>ries away 9 its curr5t4 ,! result+ cavities 9 ! back ( ! cirque fill ) ice1 :i* 9 its turn freezes fa/ & plucks out m rock4 ,& pres5tly ! back wall ( ! cirque1 und]m9$1 falls on ! ice & also is c>ri$ away4 ,!re is left a precipice1 (t5 %e]ly p]p5dicul>2 &1 z ! process repeats itself1 ?is precipice moves backw>d4 ,at ! beg9n+ ( ?is process1 x mu/ be und]/ood1 ! glaci] lies ^u a tilt$ surface f> m elevat$ ?an n[ :5 y see x 9 its old age1 sunk deep 9 its self-dug tr5*2 &1 :ile x is pluck+ backw>d & break+ (f an ev]-increas+ precipice above x1 x is pluck+ d[nw>d1 too4 ,if ! rock is ev5 9 /ructure1 ?is d[nw>d cutt+ may be v ne>ly p]p5dicul>1 b if ! rock lies 9 /rata ( v>y+ h>dness1 %elves =m :]e ! h>d] /rata are enc\nt]$ because x takes long] to cut !m ?r\gh2 9 ?is way are =m$ ! long s]ies ( /eps :i* we (t5 see 9 empty glacial cirques4 ,by ?is process ( backw>d & d[nw>d pluck+1 ! ,c>bon ,glaci] bit its way into ! nor? side ( ! great volcano until x invad$ ! v f\ndations ( ! summit & creat$ ! ,willis ,wall :i* drops avalan*es ?irty-six hundr$ feet to ! glaci] bel[4 ,willis ,wall is ne>ly p]p5dicul> because ! lava rock at ?is po9t 0 homog5e\s4 ,b 9 ! alt]nat+ %ale & lime/one /rata ( ,glaci] ,national ,p>k1 on ! o!r h&1 ! glaci]s ( old dug cirques ( _m %elves4 ,! mon/] ice-/reams :i* dug ,glaci]'s mighty valleys h vani%$1 b (t5 t9y rema9d]s are /ill se5 ^u ! cirques' topmo/ %elves4 ,illu/ration3 ,f a photograph by ,asahel ,curtis ,,m\nt ,,ra9i] ,,& ,,p>adise ,,inn ,,9 ,,summ] ,illu/ration3 ,f a photograph by ,jacobs ,,w9t] ,,pleasures ,,at ,,p>adise ,,inn1 ,,m\nt ,,ra9i] ,s we see t ! glaci] acquires its c>go ( rock n only by scrap+ its sides & pluck+ x f ! bottom ( its cirque & valley1 b by qu>ry+ backw>d till und]m9$ mat]ial drops ^u x2 all ( ?is 9 fulfilm5t ( ,nature's purpose ( we>+ d[n ! highl&s = ! upbuild+ ( ! holl[s4 ,?is is n ! place = a detail$ description ( ,m\nt ,ra9i]'s tw5ty-eight glaci]s4 ,a glance at ! map w tell some?+ ( ! /ory4 ,ext5d+ nor!a/]ly f ! summit w be se5 ! greate/ unbrok5 glacial mass4 ,"h are ! ,emmons & ! ,w9?rop ,glaci]s1 mu* ! l>ge/ ( all4 ,?is is ! qu>t] f>!/ f ! sun1 ^u :i* its rays /rike at ! flatte/ angle4 ,! melt+ !n is lea/ "h4 ,b /ill a m pot5t reason = _! l>g] mass is f\nd 9 _! position on ! lee qu>t] ( ! peak1 ! prevail+ w9ds :irl+ 9 ! sn[ f bo? sides4 ,! great] div]sification ( ! o!r sides ( ! m\nta9 ) extrud+ cliffs1 cleav]s1 & enorm\s rock masses t5ds /rongly to sc5ic v>iety & gr&eur4 ,"s ( ! rock cleav]s :i* divide glaci]s /& sev]al ?\s& feet 9 height1 v]itable f5ces4 ,"s ( ! cliffs w\ld be m\nta9s ( no mean size else:]e1 & ar\nd _! sides p\r mighty glacial curr5ts1 cascad+ to ! dep?s bel[ :]e aga9 !y may meet & ev5 m]ge4 ,! ,nisqually ,glaci] naturally is ! mo/ celebrat$1 n because ( sc5ic sup]iority1 b because x is ! neighbor & ! playgr\nd ( ! visit+ ?\s&s4 ,its p]fect & wond]ful beauty are n 9 excess ( _m o!rs2 & x is mu* small] ?an _m4 ,! ,c[litz ,glaci] ne> by exce$s x 9 size1 & is "o ( ! /atelie/2 x spr+s f a cirque bel[ ,gibralt>1 a massive ne>-summit rock1 ^: well-des]v$ celebrity is due 9 "s "p to its ne>ness to ! travell$ summit trail4 ,! po9t ,i am mak+ is n 9 depreciation ( any ( ! celebrat$ sights f ! s\!rn side1 b 9 emphasis ( ! fact t a hundr$ o!r sights w\ld be z celebrat$1 or m celebrat$1 7 !y z well kn[n4 ,! ,m\nt ,ra9i] ,national ,p>k at ?is writ+ is replete ) spl5dors :i* are yet to be discov]$ by ! great] travell+ public4 ,! great nor? side1 = in/ance1 ) its mighty walls1 its magnific5tly sc5ic glaci]s1 its lakes1 canyons1 & enorm\s areas ( fl[]$ & =e/$ pleasure-gr\nds1 is de/9$ to wide developm5t2 x is a national p>k 9 itself4 ,already roads ent] to camps at ! foot ( great glaci]s4 ,! we/ side1 also1 ) its f\r spectacul> glaci]s :i* pass "u ! names ( ,m[i* & ,tahoma1 atta9s sublimity2 x rema9s also = future occupation4 ,_m ( ! m9or ph5om5a1 :ile common also to o!r areas ( sn[ & ice1 h fasc9ation = ! visitor4 ,sn[-cups are always objects ( int]e/ & beauty4 ,in/ead ( r$uc+ a sn[ surface ev5ly1 ! w>m sun sometimes melts x 9 patt]n$ cups set close toge!r l ! squ>es ( a *eck]-bo>d4 ,^! deep5 gradually till !y sugge/ a gigantic honeycomb1 ^: cells are sometimes sev]al feet deep4 ,9 "o ( ^!1 "o summ] day 9 ! ,si]ra1 ,i saw a /umbl+ horse deposit 8 rid]1 a high (ficial ( "o ( our ,we/]n railroads2 & !re he sat helpless1 h&s & feet em]g+ f ! top1 until we recov]$ en\gh f laught] to help him out4 ,p9k sn[ always ar\ses lively int]e/4 ,a microscopic plant1 ,protococcus nivalis1 gr[+ 9 occasional pat*es b5ea? ! surface ( old sn[ gradually em]ges ) a p9k gl[ :i* sometimes cov]s acres4 ,on ! tongue its flavor sugge/s wat]melon4 ,no d\bt _m o!r microscopic plants ?rive 9 ! sn[-fields & glaci]s :i* rema9 invisible = lack ( color4 ,insects also inhabit ^! glaci]s4 ,!re are sev]al ,?ysanura1 :i* sugge/ ! s&-fleas ( our sea%ores1 b are seldom notic$ because ( _! small size4 ,m noticeable are ! ,mes5*ytraeus1 a sl5d] br[n worm1 :i* atta9s ! l5g? ( an in*4 ,!y may be se5 9 great numb]s on ! l[] glaci]s 9 ! summ]1 b on w>m days retreat well "u ! surface4 ,,iv ,! extraord9>y =e/ luxuriance at ! base ( ,m\nt ,ra9i] is due to moi/ure & climate4 ,! same heavy sn[falls :i* fe$ ! glaci]s /ore up wat]-supplies = =e/ & mead[4 ,! w9t]s at ! base ( ! m\nta9 are mild4 ,! l[] valleys are cov]$ ) a d5se gr[? ( fir1 hemlock1 & c$>4 ,pu%+ skyw>d 9 competition = ! sunlight1 trees atta9 great heights4 ,protect$ f w9t]'s sev]ity by ! ?ickness ( ! gr[?1 & f fire by ! dampness ( ! soil1 great age is assur$1 :i* means ?ick & heavy trunks4 ,! ,d\glas fir1 easily ! mo/ important timb]-tree ( we/]n ,am]ica1 "h rea*es its two hundr$ feet 9 massive =e/s1 :ile occasional individuals gr[ two hundr$ & fifty to two hundr$ & sev5ty feet ) a diamet] ( eight feet4 ,! b>k at ! base ( ^! mon/]s is sometimes t5 in*es ?ick4 ,! we/]n hemlock also rea*es equal heights 9 competition = ! light1 ) diamet]s ( five feet or m4 ,r$ c$>1 :ite p9es ( sev]al v>ieties1 sev]al firs1 & a v>iety ( hemlocks complete ! li/ ( conif]s4 ,decidu\s trees are few & n important4 ,broad-leav$ maples1 cottonwoods1 & ald]s are ! pr9cipal species4 ,high] up ! m\nta9-slopes ! =e/s ?9 & less5 9 size1 :ile increas+ 9 picturesqu5ess4 ,! ,d\glas fir & o!r mon/]s ( ! l[] levels disappe>1 _! places tak5 by o!r species4 ,at an altitude ( f\r ?\s& feet ! ,englemann spruce & o!r m\nta9-trees beg9 to appe>1 n 9 ! mass$ ranks ( ! l[] levels1 b 9 groves bord]+ ! fl[]$ op5s4 ,! extreme limit ( tree gr[? on ,m\nt ,ra9i] is ab\t sev5 ?\s& feet ( altitude1 above :i* "o f9ds only occasional di/ort$1 w9d-tortur$ m\nta9-hemlocks4 ,!re is no well-def9$ timb]-l9e1 z on o!r l(ty m\nta9s4 ,avalan*es & sn[-slides keep ! upp] levels swept & b>e4 ,! wild-fl[] catalogue is too long to enum]ate "h4 ,john ,muir expresses ! belief t no o!r sub-alp9e floral g>d5s excel ,ra9i]'s 9 pr(usion & gorge\sness4 ,! region diff]s little f o!r ,pacific regions ( simil> altitude 9 v>iety ( species2 9 luxuriance x is unsurpass$4 ,v ,accord+ to ,!odore ,w9?rop :o visit$ ! nor?we/ 9 #ahec & publi%$ a book entitl$ ,! ,canoe & ! ,saddle1 :i* _h wide vogue at ! "t & is consult$ to-day1 ,m\nt ,ra9i] _h its ,indian ,rip ,van ,w9kle4 ,! /ory 0 told him 9 great detail by ,hamit*\1 a fr[sy anci5t ( ! ,squallyami%4 ,! h]o 0 a wise & wily fi%]man & hunt]4 ,also1 z 8 passion 0 ga91 he became an excell5t bus9ess man4 ,he always _h salmon & b]ries :5 food became sc>ce & prices high4 ,gradually he amass$ l>ge sav+s 9 hiaqua1 ! little p]=at$ %ell :i* 0 ! mo/ valu$ =m ( wampum1 ! ,indian's money4 ,! ri*] he got ! /rong] 8 passion grew = hiaqua1 &1 :5 a _s told him 9 a dream ( va/ ho>ds at ! summit ( ,ra9i]1 he det]m9$ to climb ! m\nta94 ,! _s 0 ,taman\es1 :i*1 ,w9?rop expla9s1 is ! vague ,indian p]sonification ( ! sup]natural4 ,s he ?read$ ! =e/s & climb$ ! m\nta9's gli/5+ side4 ,at ! summit he look$ ov] ! rim into a l>ge bas9 9 ! bottom ( :i* 0 a black lake surr\nd$ by purple rock4 ,at ! lake's ea/]n end /ood ?ree monum5ts4 ,! fir/ 0 z tall z a man & _h a head c>v$ l a salmon2 ! second 0 ! image ( a camas-bulb2 ! two repres5t$ ! great necessities ( ,indian life4 ,! ?ird 0 a /one elk's head ) ! antl]s 9 velvet4 ,at ! foot ( ?is monum5t he dug a hole4 ,sudd5ly a noise beh9d him caus$ him to turn4 ,an ott] clamb]$ ov] ! edge ( ! lake & /ruck ! sn[ ) its tail4 ,elev5 o!rs foll[$4 ,ea* 0 twice z big z any ott] he _h ev] se52 _! *ief 0 f\r times z big4 ,! elev5 sat !mselves 9 a circle ar\nd him2 ! lead] climb$ ^u ! /one elk-head4 ,at fir/ ! treasure-seek] 0 aba%$1 b he _h come to f9d hiaqua & he w5t on digg+4 ,at e ?irte5? /roke ! lead] ( ! ott]s tapp$ ! /one elk ) 8 tail1 & ! elev5 foll[]s tapp$ ! sn[ ) _! tails4 ,once !y all ga!r$ clos] & :ack$ ! digg] good & h>d ) _! tails1 b1 ?\gh a/oni%$ & badly bruis$1 he w5t on work+4 ,pres5tly he broke 8 elkhorn pick1 b ! bigge/ ott] seiz$ ano!r 9 8 tee? & h&$ x to him4 ,f9ally 8 pick /ruck a flat rock ) a holl[ s\nd1 & ! ott]s all drew ne> & gaz$ into ! hole1 brea?+ excit$ly4 ,he lift$ ! rock & "u x f\nd a cavity fill$ to ! brim ) pure-:ite hiaqua1 e %ell l>ge1 unbrok5 & beautiful4 ,all 7 hung neatly on /r+s4 ,nev] 0 treasure-que/ s successful6 ,! ott]s1 recogniz+ him z ! favorite ( ,taman\es1 retir$ to a di/ance & gaz$ ^u him respectfully4 ,b ! mis]1 writes ! n>rator1 nev] dream$ ( gratitude1 nev] ?\ght to hang a /r+ f ! buri$ treasure ab\t ! salmon & camas taman\es /ones1 & two /r+s ar\nd ! elk's head2 no1 all mu/ be 8 own1 all he c\ld c>ry n[1 & ! re/ = ! future4 ,gre$ily he load$ himself ) ! booty & labori\sly climb$ to ! rim ( ! b[l prep>$ = ! desc5t ( ! m\nta94 ,! ott]s1 puff+ 9 conc]t1 plung$ aga9 into ! lake1 :i* at once disappe>$ "u a black cl\d4 ,/raightway a t]rible /orm arose ?r\gh :i* ! voice ( ,taman\es scream$ taunt+ly4 ,blackness clos$ ar\nd him4 ,! d9 0 horrible4 ,t]rifi$1 he ?rew back into ! b[l beh9d him five /r+s ( hiaqua to propitiate ,taman\es1 & !re foll[$ a mom5t>y lull1 dur+ :i* he />t$ homew>d4 ,b imm$iately ! /orm bur/ aga9 ) ro>+s l t5 ?\s& be>s4 ,no?+ c\ld be done b to ?r[ back m hiaqua4 ,foll[+ ea* sacrifice came ano!r lull1 foll[$ 9 turn by m t]rible outbreaks4 ,& s1 /r+ by /r+1 he p>t$ ) all 8 ga9s4 ,!n he sank to ! gr\nd ins5sible4 ,:5 he awoke he lay "u an arbutus-tree 9 a mead[ ( camas4 ,he 0 %ock+ly /iff & e movem5t pa9$ him4 ,b he manag$ to ga!r & smoke "s dry arbutus-leaves & eat a few camas-bulbs4 ,he 0 a/oni%$ to f9d 8 hair v long & matt$1 & himself b5t & feeble4 ,taman\es1 he mutt]$4 ,nev]!less1 he 0 calm & happy4 ,/rangely1 he did n regret 8 lo/ /r+s ( hiaqua4 ,fe> 0 gone & 8 he>t 0 fill$ ) love4 ,sl[ly & pa9fully he made 8 way home4 ,ev]y?+ 0 /rangely alt]$4 ,anci5t trees grew :]e %rubs _h gr[n f\r days be=e4 ,c$>s "u ^: %ade he us$ to sleep lay rott+ on ! gr\nd4 ,:]e 8 lodge _h /ood n[ he saw a new & h&some lodge1 & pres5tly out ( x came a v old decrepit squaw :o1 nev]!less1 ?r\gh h] wr9kles1 _h a look t seem$ /rangely famili> to him4 ,h] %\ld]s 7 hung ?ick ) hiaqua /r+s4 ,%e b5t ov] a pot ( boil+ salmon & croon$3 ,my old man has gone1 gone1 gone4 ,my old man to ,tacoma has gone4 ,to hunt ! elk he w5t long ago4 ,:5 w he come d[n1 d[n1 d[n ,to salmon pot & me8 ,he has come d[n1 quav]$ ! return$ travell]1 at la/ recogniz+ 8 wife4 ,he ask$ no que/ions4 ,*>g+ x all to ! wra? ( ,taman\es1 he accept$ fate z he f\nd x4 ,aft] all1 x 0 a happy fate en\gh 9 ! end1 = ! old man became ! ,great ,m$ic9e-,man ( 8 tribe1 by :om he 0 greatly rev]$4 ,! "n ( ?is ,rip ,van ,w9kle ( ,m\nt ,ra9i] is n m5tion$ 9 ,mr4 ,w9?rop's n>rative4 ,,ix ,,crat] ,,lake',s ,,b[l ,,( ,,indigo ,,crat] ,,lake ,,national ,,p>k1 ,,s\?we/]n ,,oregon4 ,,area1 #bdi ,,squ>e ,,miles ,crat] ,lake is 9 s\?we/]n ,oregon among ! ,cascade ,m\nta9s1 & is rea*$ by an automobile ride ( sev]al h\rs f ,m$=d4 ,! gov]nm5t in=mation circul> calls x ! deepe/ & blue/ lake 9 ! _w4 ,adv]tis+ circul>s praise x 9 *oice/ pr(essional phrase4 ,its beauty is describ$ z exce$+ t ( any o!r lake 9 all ! _w4 ,nev] 0 blue s wond]ful z ! blue ( ^! wat]s2 nev] 7 wat]s s deep z its two ?\s& feet4 ,lur$ by ?is eloqu5ce ! travell] goes to ,crat] ,lake & f9ds x all z promis$--9 fact1 f> bett] ?an promis$1 = ! be/ int5d$ adjectives1 ev5 :5 w+$ by ! en]getic p5 ( ! mo/ tal5t$ ad writ]1 _c beg9 to convey ! gl[+1 *ang+1 my/]i\s lovel9ess ( ?is lake ( unbelievable beauty4 ,9 fact1 ! t\ri/1 ) expectation at fev]-heat by ! "t he /eps f ! auto-/age ^u ! crat] rim1 is sil5c$ z mu* by a/oni%m5t z by admiration4 ,be=e him lies a crat] ( pale pe>ly lava sev]al miles 9 diamet]4 ,a ?\s& feet bel[ its rim is a lake ^: f>!/ blues vie 9 delicacy ) ! horizon lavas1 & deep5 z !y approa* till at 8 feet !y turn to almo/ black4 ,!re is no?+ ) :i* to comp>e ! ne>-by blue look$ %>ply d[n ^u f ,crat]'s rim4 ,! deepe/ indigo is ne>e/ its int5sity1 b at c]ta9 angles falls f> %ort4 ,nor is x only ! color :i* affects him s /rongly2 its k9d is some?+ new1 />tl+1 & altoge!r lovely4 ,its surface1 s magically fram$ & t9t$1 is brok5 by fleet+ silv] w9d-/reaks "h & !re2 o!rwise1 x has ! va/ /illness :i* we associate ) ! ,gr& ,canyon & ! sky at night4 ,! lava walls are pe>ly1 fa9tly blue af> (f1 gray+ & daub$ ) _m colors ne>] by4 ,p9ks1 purples1 brick-r$s1 sulphurs1 orange-yell[s & _m int]m$iates /reak & spla% ! =egr\nd gray4 ,& (t5 p9e-gre5 =e/s fr+e ! rim1 & funnel d[n %>ply tilt$ canyons to ! wat]'s edge2 & sometimes %rubs ( liveli] gre5 f9d foo?old on ! g5tl] slopes1 &1 spread+1 pa9t bright pat*es4 ,ov] all1 %utt+ d[n & ar\nd x l a giant b[l1 is a sky ( ,cali=nian blue ov]head s(t5+ to ! pe>l ( ! horizon4 ,a wond] spectacle inde$6 ,& !n our t\ri/1 recov]+ f 8 trance1 walks ^u ! rim & desc5ds ! trail to ! wat]'s edge to jo9 a laun*-p>ty ar\nd ! lake4 ,"h he f9ds a new & diff]5t exp]i5ce :i* is q z s5sational z t ( 8 orig9al discov]y4 ,se5 close by f ! lake's surface ^! t9t$ lava cliffs are c>v$ z grotesquely z a ,japanese ivory4 ,precipices rise at times two ?\s& feet1 %e] z a wall4 ,else:]e g5tle slopes ( p[d]y lava1 moss-t9t$1 connect rim & wat] ) a rul] l9e4 ,& betwe5 ^! two extremes are f\nd e fa%ion & k9d & degree ( lava wall1 _m ( !m precipit\s1 mo/ ( !m rugg$1 all ( !m contort$ & c>v$ 9 ! mo/ fanta/ic mann] t imag9ation c picture4 ,caves op5 _! d>k doors at wat]'s edge4 ,t[]$ rocks em]ge f subm]g$ reefs4 ,a mimic volcano rises f ! wat] ne> "o side4 ,p]petual sn[ fills %elt]$ crevices 9 ! s\!rn rim4 ,& all ?is wond] is reflect$1 upside d[n1 9 ! /ill mirror ?r\gh :i* ! laun* pl\ghs its rapid way4 ,b look+ backw>d :]e ! inv]t$ picture is brok5 & toss$ by ! waves f ! laun*'s pr[1 he looks ^u a kaleidoscope ( color :i* he w rememb] all 8 life2 =1 to ! gorge\s dis>ray ( ! brok5 image ( ! cliffs is add$ ! magic t9t ( ?is deep-dy$ wat]1 e wavelet ( :i*1 at its cre/1 seems t\*$ = ! fraction ( a second ) a fla% ( indigo2 ! :ole danc+1 sp>kl+1 %imm]+ 9 a glory :i* words _c convey2 & on ! o!r side1 & f> a/]n1 ! subsid+ waves calm+ back to normal 9 a fl>e ( rob9's-egg blue4 ,our t\ri/ returns to ! rim-side hotel to ! c]emony ( sunset on ,crat] ,lake1 = :i* ! lake ab&ons all traditions & clo!s itself 9 gold & crimson4 ,& 9 ! morn+ aft] look+1 be=e sunrise1 ^u a ,crat] ,lake ( h>d-poli%$ /eel f :i* a fall+ rock w\ld surely b\nce & b\nd away z if on ice1 he breakfa/s & leaves )\t ano!r look le/ repetition dull 8 priceless memory ( an emotional exp]i5ce :i*1 all 9 all1 c nev] come aga9 ! same4 ,x is z impossible to describe ,crat] ,lake z x is to pa9t x4 ,its outl9es may be photograph$1 b ! photograph does n tell ! /ory4 ,its colors may be reproduc$1 b ! reproduction is n ,crat] ,lake4 ,m ?an any o!r spot ,i "k1 except ! ,gr& ,canyon f its rim1 ,crat] ,lake seems to convey a glory :i* is n ( l9e or mass or color or composition1 b :i* seems to be ( ! _s4 ,no d\bt ?is vivid impression :i* ! /ill$ obs]v] seems to acquire ) 8 mortal eye1 is born someh[ ( 8 own emotion4 ,someh[ he f9ds himself 9 communion ) ! ,inf9ite4 ,p]haps x is ?is quality :i* seems s my/]i\s t made ! ,klama? ,indians fe> & %un ,crat] ,lake1 j z ! ,indians ( ! great plateau fe>$ & %unn$ ! ,gr& ,canyon4 ,x is ?is intangible1 seem+ly spiritual quality :i* makes ! lake impossible ei!r to pa9t or to describe4 ,s diff]5t is ?is spectacle f any?+ else ^u ! cont95t t ! fir/ "q ask$ usually is h[ x came to be4 ,! answ] discloses "o ( ! mo/ dramatic incid5ts 9 ! hi/ory ( ! e>?4 ,9 ! evolution ( ! ,cascades1 _m h be5 ! misadv5tures ( volcanoes4 ,"s h be5 buri$ alive 9 a% & lava1 & m]g$ into conqu]+ rivals4 ,"s h be5 buri$ 9 ice :i* n[1 organiz$ z glaci]s1 is we>+ d[n _! sides4 ,"s h di$ ( />vation & pass$ into ! hills4 ,"s h be5 bl[n to atoms4 ,only "o 9 ,am]ica1 s f> z kn[n1 has return$ into ! see?+ gulf :i* gave x bir?4 ,t 0 ,m\nt ,mazama4 ,! processes ( creation are too delib]ate = human compreh5sion4 ,! ,mississippi takes five ?\s& ye>s to l[] "o in* its valley's surface4 ,! mak+ ( ,glaci] ,national ,p>k requir$ _m--p]haps hundr$s--( millions ( ye>s4 ,x seems probable t ! cataclysm 9 :i* ,m\nt ,mazama disappe>$ 0 exceptional2 dea? may h come sudd5ly1 ev5 z express$ 9 human t]ms4 ,:at happ5$ seems to h be5 ?is4 ,"s f\ndation und]p9n+ gave way 9 ! molt5 gulf bel[1 & ! va/ m\nta9 sank & disappe>$ )9 itself4 ,imag9e ! spectacle :o c6 ,m\nt ,mazama left a clean-cut rim surr\nd+ ! hole ?r\gh :i* x slipp$ & vani%$4 ,b !re 0 a surg+ back4 ,! eruptive =ces1 reb\nd+1 pu%$ ! %apeless mass aga9 up ! va/ *imney4 ,!y f\nd x too heavy a load4 ,deep )9 ! a%-*ok$ v5t bur/ ?ree small crat]s1 & t 0 all4 ,two ( ^! probably 7 %ort-liv$1 ! ?ird la/$ a little long]4 ,&1 c5turies lat]1 spr+ wat] seep$ ?r\gh1 creat+ ,crat] ,lake4 ,crat] ,lake is set 9 ! summit ( ! ,cascade ,range1 ab\t sixty-five miles nor? ( ! ,cali=nia b\nd>y4 ,! road f ! railway-/ation at ,m$=d leads eighty miles ea/w>d up ! picturesque volcanic valley ( ! ,rogue ,riv]4 ,! c\ntry is magnific5tly =e/$4 ,! m\nta9s at ?is po9t are broad1 g5tly roll+ plateaus f :i* sudd5ly rise _m volcanic cones1 :i*1 se5 f elevat$ op5s1 are picturesque 9 ! extreme4 ,ea* ( ^! cones is ! top ( a volcano f ^: summit has /ream$ ! prehi/oric floods ( lava :i* h fill$ ! int]v5+ valleys1 rais+ & levell+ ! c\ntry4 ,illu/ration3 ,,cross-,,section ,,( ,,crat] ,,lake ,,%[+ ,,probable ,,outl9e ,,( ,,m\nt ,,mazama ,ent]+ ! p>k1 a high1 broad1 =e/$ elevation is quickly enc\nt]$ :i* looks at a glance exactly :at x is1 ! base :i* once support$ a t[]+ cone4 ,at its summit1 ?is swell+ base is f\nd to be ! outside support+ wall ( a r\ghly circul> lake1 ab\t five miles 9 diamet]1 ! inside wall ( :i* is /eeply incl9$ to ! wat]'s surface a ?\s& feet bel[4 ,! /rong contra/ betwe5 ! out] & inn] walls tells a pla9ly read /ory4 ,! out] walls1 all ar\nd1 slope g5tly upw>d at an angle ( ab\t fifte5 degrees2 naturally1 if c>ri$ on1 !y w\ld conv]ge 9 a peak$ summit high] ?an t ( ,%a/a4 ,! inn] walls conv]ge d[nw>d at a /eep angle1 sugge/+ a funnel ( enorm\s dep?4 ,x 0 ?r\gh ?is funnel t ,m\nt ,mazama1 z m5 call ! volcano t man nev] saw1 once collaps$ into ! gulf f :i* x _h em]g$4 ,/udy+ ! sc5e f ! ,lodge on ! rim :]e ! automobile-/age has left y1 ! mo/ vivid impressions ( detail are ^? ( ! con=mation ( ! inn] rim1 ! cliffs :i* rise above x1 & ! small volcano :i* em]ges f ! blue wat]s ( ! lake4 ,! m>vell\s inn] slope ( ! rim is n a cont9u\s cliff1 b a highly div]sifi$ succession ( /rata4 ,exam9ation %[s ! lay]s ( volcanic conglom]ate & lava ( :i*1 l lay]s ( brick & /one1 ! great /ructure 0 built4 ,! d[nw>d dip ( ^! /rata away f ! lake is ev]y:]e disc]nible4 ,! volcano's e>ly /ory ?us lies pla9 to eyes tra9$ to read x4 ,! mo/ int]e/+ ( ^! /rata is ! lava fl[ :i* =ms twelve ?\s& feet ( ! total precipice ( ,llao ,rock1 a prom95ce ( conspicu\s beauty4 ,_m ( ^! cliffs are magnific5tly bold4 ,! l(tie/ is ,glaci] ,peak1 :i* rises almo/ two ?\s& feet above ! wat]'s surface4 ,b ,dutton ,cliff is a close rival1 & ,vidae ,cliff1 ,g>field ,peak1 ,llao ,rock1 & ! ,wat*man fall close beh9d4 ,(fsett+ ^! are breaks :]e ! rim drops )9 six hundr$ feet ( ! wat]4 ,! /atem5t ( a wall height ( a ?\s& feet expresses ! g5]al impression1 ?\gh z an av]age x is probably well %ort ( ! fact4 ,illu/ration3 ,f a photograph copyright by ,sc5ic ,am]ica ,company ,,dutton ,,cliff ,,& ,,! ,,phantom ,,%ip1 ,,crat] ,,lake ,illu/ration3 ,f a photograph copyright by ,sc5ic ,am]ica ,company ,,sunset ,,f ,,g>field ,,peak1 ,,crat] ,,lake ,,national ,,p>k ,illu/ration3 ,,cross-,,section ,,( ,,crat] ,,lake ,at ! foot ( all ! walls1 at wat]'s edge1 lie slopes ( talus1 ! rocky fragm5ts :i* erosion has brok5 loose & dropp$ into ! abyss4 ,n[h]e is !re a bea*4 ,! talus %all[s ! wat] = a few hundr$ feet1 & desc5d+ /reams build small deltas4 ,^! %all[s edge ! int5se blue ( ! dep?s ) exquisite light] t9ts :i* t5d to gre54 ,b ?is edg+ is v n>r[4 ,! next mo/ /rik+ object aft] ! gigantic c>v5 cliffs is ,wiz>d ,isl&4 ,?is complete volcano 9 m9iature1 not)/&+ t x is =e/-clo!d & rises f wat]1 c>ries ! travell]'s m9d in/antly to ! ?irte5 simil> cones :i* rise )9 ! enorm\s des]t crat] ( dead ,haleakala1 9 ! ,hawaii ,national ,p>k4 ,wiz>d ,isl&'s crat] may easily be se5 9 ! tip ( its cone4 ,its two fell[ volcanoes are invisible f\r hundr$ feet "u wat]4 ,scann+ ! blue surface1 "o's eye is caught by an int]e/+ sail-l rock ris+ f ! wat]s on ! f> "r close to ! foot ( ,dutton ,cliff4 ,?is is ! ,phantom ,%ip4 ,se5 two miles away 9 c]ta9 lights ! illusion is excell5t4 ,! ma/s seem to tilt raki%ly & ! sails %9e 9 ! sun4 ,!re are times :5 ! ,phantom ,%ip sudd5ly disappe>s1 & times aga9 :5 x z sudd5ly appe>s :]e no?+ 0 be=e4 ,h5ce its "n & my/]i\s repute4 ,b !re is no?+ really my/]i\s ab\t ?is gho/ly behavior1 :i* occurs only :5 ! heat$ atmosph]e l5ds itself readily to mirage4 ,days & weeks ( r>e pleasure may be _h 9 ! exploration ( ^! amaz+ walls1 a pleasure greatly to be enhanc$ by discov]+ & /udy+ ! _m pla9 evid5ces ( ,mazama's sl[ upbuild+ & sudd5 ext9ction4 ,! excell5t automobile road ar\nd ! rim af=ds easy approa* afoot z well z by automobile & bicycle4 ,its passage is enliv5$ by _m inspir+ views ( ! outly+ ,cascades ) _! great =e/s ( yell[ p9e & _! less] volcanic cones1 "s ( :i*1 )9 & )\t ! p>k b\nd>ies1 hung ^u ! flanks ( ,m\nt ,mazama :ile x 0 bel*+ flame & a%1 :ile o!rs1 eas+ ! *eck$ pressure foll[+ ! great cata/rophe1 7 =m$ anew or enl>g$ f old] v5ts4 ,f ?is road any "p ( ! fanta/ic rim may be rea*$ & explor$1 (t5 to ! wat]'s edge1 by adv5tur\s climb]s4 ,:at m enjoyable day's out+1 = in/ance1 ?an ! exploration ( ! spl5did pile ( p5tagonal basaltic columns susp5d$ half-way 9 ! rim at "o po9t ( picturesque beauty8 ,:at m inspir+ ?an ! climb+ ( ,dutton ,cliff1 or1 = exp]i5c$ climb]s1 ( _m ( ! /rik+ lava spires8 ,! only drawback to ^! days ( happy w&]+ along ?is sculptur$ & pa9t$ rim is ! necessity ( c>ry+ dr9k+-wat] f ! ,lodge4 ,!n !re are days ( pleasure on ! wat]4 ,wiz>d ,isl& may be ?or\ghly explor$1 ) lun*eon "u its trees by ! lakeside4 ,! ,phantom ,%ip's gn>l$ lavas may be exam9$ & climb$4 ,ev]y:]e ! /eep rocky %ore invites m intimate acqua9tance2 its caves may be ent]$1 "s afoot1 at lea/ "o afloat4 ,! lake is well /ock$ ) ra9b[ tr\t1 "s ( !m desc5dants ( ! y\ng/]s :i* ,w ,g4 ,/eel labori\sly c>ri$ across c\ntry f ,gordon's ,ran*1 =ty-n9e miles away1 9 #ahhh4 ,!y are caught ) ! fly f %ore & boat4 ,a p\nd tr\t 9 ,crat] ,lake is a small tr\t4 ,occasionally a mon/] ( eight or t5 p\nds is c>ri$ up ! trail to ! ,lodge4 ,dur+ all ^! days & weeks ( pleasure & /udy1 ! vision ( anci5t ,m\nt ,mazama & its t]rible end gr[s m & m 9 ! enlight5$ imag9ation4 ,!re is mu* 9 ! con=mation ( ! base to ju/ify a r def9ite picture ( ?is lo/ bro!r ( ,hood1 ,%a/a1 ,/4 ,hel5s1 & ,ra9i]4 ,at ! climax ( 8 c>e]1 ,mazama probably rose sixte5 ?\s& feet above ! sea1 :i* means t5 ?\s& feet above ! level ( ! pres5t lake4 ,we are ju/ifi$ too 9 imag9+ 8 end a cataclysm4 ,volcanic upbuild+s are (t5 spasmodic & sl[1 a s]ies ( impulses sep>at$ by c5turies ( quiesc5ce1 b _! climaxes (t5 are sudd5 & excessively viol5t4 ,x seems m probable t ,mazama collaps$ dur+ viol5t eruption4 ,p]haps l a /roke ( lightn+ at ! mom5t ( triumph1 dea? came at ! supreme climax ( 8 c>e]4 ,c]ta9ly no mausoleum 0 ev] conceiv$ = human h]o :i* may be comp>$ = a mom5t ) ?is glorifi$ grave ( dead ,mazama6 ,! human hi/ory ( ,crat] ,lake has its int]e/4 ,! ,indians fe>$ x4 ,john ,w4 ,hillman 0 ! fir/ :ite man to see x4 ,e>ly 9 #ahec a p>ty ( ,cali=nian m9]s asc5d$ ! ,rogue ,riv] to r$iscov] a lo/ gold-m9e ( fabul\s ri*ness4 ,! exp$ition 0 secret1 b sev]al ,oregonians :o suspect$ its object & meant to be 9 at ! f9d+1 quickly organiz$ & foll[$4 ,hillman 0 ( ?is p>ty4 ,! ,cali=nians soon le>n$ ( ! pursuit4 ,!n1 wrote ,hillman half a c5tury lat]1 x 0 a game ( hide & seek until rations on bo? sides got l[4 ,! ,cali=nians w\ld pu% ?r\gh ! bru%1 scatt]1 d\ble backw>d on _! trail1 & !n camp 9 ! mo/ inaccessible places to be f\nd1 & x sometimes puzzl$ u to locate & camp ne> en\gh to wat* !m4 ,ev5tually ! rivals unit$4 ,a comb9ation se>*-p>ty 0 *os5 :i* includ$ ,hillman1 & ?is p>ty1 :ile x f\nd no gold-m9e1 f\nd ,crat] ,lake4 ,illu/ration3 ,f a photograph copyright by ,fr$ ,h4 ,kis] ,,applegate ,,cliff1 ,,crat] ,,lake ,illu/ration3 ,f a photograph by ,fr$ ,h4 ,kis] ,,phantom ,,%ip ,,f ,,g>field ,,peak ,:ile rid+ up a long slop+ m\nta91 ,hillman cont9u$1 we sudd5ly came 9 sight ( wat] & 7 v mu* surpris$ z we did n expect to see any lakes4 ,we did n "k b :at we _h come 9 sight & close to ,klama? ,lake1 & n until my mule /opp$ )9 a few feet ( ! rim ( ,crat] ,lake did ,i look d[n1 & if ,i _h be5 rid+ a bl9d mule ,i firmly believe ,i w\ld h ridd5 ov] ! edge to dea? & de/ruction4444 ,! f9d+ ( ,crat] ,lake1 he concludes1 0 an accid5t1 z we 7 n look+ = lakes2 b ! fact ( my be+ ! fir/ ^u its banks 0 due to ! fact t ,i 0 rid+ ! be/ saddle mule 9 s\!rn ,oregon1 ! prop]ty ( ,jimmy ,dobson1 a m9] & pack] ) headqu>t]s at ,jacksonville1 :o _h furni%$ me ! mule 9 consid]ation ( a claim to be tak5 9 8 "n %\ld we be successful4 ,/rang] to me ?an our discov]y 0 ! fact t aft] our return ,i c\ld get no ackn[l$gm5t f any ,indian1 buck or squaw1 old or "y1 t any su* lake exi/$2 ea* & e "o d5i$ any k ( x1 or ignor$ ! subject completely4 ,! next developm5t 9 ,crat]'s hi/ory introduces ,w ,g4 ,/eel1 widely kn[n z ! ,fa!r ( ,crat] ,lake ,national ,p>k1 a pione] ( ! highe/ type1 a gold-seek] 9 ! coa/ ranges & ! ,klondike1 a s*ool-tea*] = _m ye>s1 & a public-spirit$ en?usia/4 ,9 #ahfi1 a f>m]'s boy 9 ,kansas1 he read a newspap] acc\nt ( an ,oregon lake ) precipice sides five ?\s& feet deep4 ,mov+ to ,oregon 9 #ahga1 he kept mak+ inquiries = sev5 ye>s be=e he v]ifi$ ! fact ( ! lake's exi/5ce1 & x 0 two ye>s lat] be=e he f\nd a man :o _h se5 x4 ,?is man's description decid$ him to visit x1 !n an und]tak+ ( "s difficulty4 ,he got !re 9 #ahhe4 ,/&+ on ! rim he sugge/$ to ,pr(essor ,joseph ,le ,conte t an ef=t be made to induce ! national gov]nm5t to save x f defacem5t & private exploitation4 ,return+ home !y prep>$ a petition to ,presid5t ,clevel&1 :o promptly )drew t5 t[n%ips f settlem5t p5d+ a bill be=e ,congress to create a national p>k4 ,congress refus$ to pass ! bill on ! gr\nd t ,oregon %\ld protect h] own lake4 ,!n ,/eel began an ef=t1 or r an unbrok5 succession ( ef=ts1 to int]e/ ,congress4 ,= sev5te5 ye>s he agitat$ ! project at home1 :]e he made spee*es w9t] & summ] all ov] ! ,/ate1 & at ,wa%+ton1 :i* he delug$ ) lett]s & circul>s4 ,f9ally ! bill 0 pass$4 ,crat] ,lake became a national p>k on ,may #bb1 #aijb4 ,mr4 ,/eel's "w 0 n f9i%$4 ,he n[ began j z vigor\s a campaign to h ! lake prop]ly /ock$ ) tr\t4 ,x requir$ ye>s b succe$$4 ,!n he began a campaign = funds to build a road to ! lake4 ,?is 0 a /ubborn /ruggle :i* c>ri$ him to ,wa%+ton = a w9t]1 b x f9ally succe$$4 ,dur+ mo/ ( ?is "t ,mr4 ,/eel 0 a c\ntry s*ool-tea*] )\t o!r p]sonal income ?an 8 sal>y4 ,he sp5t _m ( 8 summ]s talk+ ,crat]-,lake projects to audi5ces 9 e "p ( ! ,/ate1 dep5d+ ^u 8 _m fri5ds = ent]ta9m5t & = lifts f t[n to t[n4 ,he 0 sup]9t5d5t ( ! p>k f #aiac to ! w9t] ( #aibj1 :5 he became ,unit$ ,/ates commission] = ! p>k4 ,! attitude ( ! ,indians t[>d ,crat] ,lake rema9s to be told4 ,/eel is au?ority = ! /atem5t t previ\s to #ahhf no mod]n ,indian _h look$ ^u its wat]s4 ,leg5ds inh]it$ f _! ance/ors made !m greatly fe> x4 ,i quote ,o4,c4 ,applegate's ,klama? ,leg5d ( ,la-o1 f ,/eel ,po9ts = ,janu>y1 #aijg3 ,accord+ to ! my?ology ( ! ,klama? & ,modoc ,indians1 ! *ief _s :o occupi$ ! my/ic l& ( ,gaywas1 or ,crat] ,lake1 0 ,la-o4 ,"u 8 control 7 _m less] spirits :o appe>$ to be able to *ange _! =ms at w4 ,_m ( ^! 7 mon/]s ( v>i\s k9ds1 among !m ! giant crawfi% 7or dragon7 :o c\ld1 if he *ose1 rea* up 8 mighty arms ev5 to ! tops ( ! cliffs & drag d[n to ! cold dep?s ( ,crat] ,lake any too v5turesome t\ri/ ( ! primal days4 ,! spirits or be+s :o 7 "u ! control ( ,la-o assum$ ! =ms ( _m animals ( ! pres5t day :5 !y *ose to g abroad on dry l&1 & ?is 0 no less true ( ! o!r fabul\s inhabitants ( ,klama? l& :o 7 dom9at$ by o!r *ief spirits1 & :o occupi$ sep>ate localities2 all ^! =ms1 h[ev]1 7 l>gely or solely subject to ! w ( ,komookumps1 ! great _s4 ,n[ on ! nor? side ( ,m\nt ,jackson1 or ,la-o ,ya9a 7,la-o's ,m\nta971 ! ea/]n esc>pm5t ( :i* is kn[n z ,la-o ,rock1 is a smoo? field slop+ a little t[>d ! nor? :i* 0 a common playgr\nd = ! fabl$ inhabitants ( ,gaywas & neighbor+ communities4 ,skell 0 a mighty _s ^: realm 0 ! ,klama? ,m>% c\ntry1 8 capital be+ ne> ! ,yamsay ,riv] on ! ea/]n side ( ! m>%4 ,he _h _m subjects :o took ! =m ( birds & bea/s :5 abroad on ! l&1 z ! antelope1 ! bald eagle1 ! bliwas or gold5 eagle1 among !m _m ( ! mo/ sagaci\s & active ( all ! be+s !n ^u ! e>?4 ,a fi]ce w> occurr$ betwe5 ,skell & ,la-o & _! foll[]s1 :i* rag$ = a long "t4 ,f9ally ,skell 0 /rick5 d[n 9 8 own l& ( ,yamsay & 8 he>t 0 torn f 8 body & 0 c>ri$ 9 triumph to ,la-o ,ya9a4 ,!n a great gala day 0 decl>$ & ev5 ! foll[]s ( ,skell 7 all[$ to take "p 9 ! games on ,m\nt ,jackson1 & ! he>t ( ,skell 0 toss$ f h& to h& 9 ! great ball game 9 :i* all p>ticipat$4 ,if ! he>t ( ,skell c\ld be borne away s t x c\ld be re/or$ to 8 body he w\ld live aga91 & s ) a secret und]/&+ among !mselves ! foll[]s ( ,skell wat*$ = ! opportunity to be> x away4 ,ev5tually1 :5 x rea*$ ! h&s ( ,antelope1 he sp$ away to ! ea/w>d l ! w9d4 ,:5 ne>ly exhau/$1 he pass$ x on to ,eagle1 & he 9 turn to ,bliwas1 & s on1 & al?\gh ,la-o's foll[]s pursu$ ) _! utmo/ spe$1 !y fail$ to ov]take ! swift be>]s ( ! preci\s he>t4 ,at la/ !y he>d ! f>-away voice ( ! dove1 ano!r ( ,skell's p1 & !n !y gave up ! useless pursuit4 ,skell's he>t 0 re/or$ & he liv$ aga91 b ! w> 0 n ov] & f9ally ,la-o 0 himself ov]p[]$ & sla9 & 8 ble$+ body 0 borne to ! ,la-o ,ya9a1 on ! v v]ge ( ! great cliff1 & a false message 0 convey$ to ,la-o's mon/]s 9 ! lake t ,skell _h be5 kill$ in/ead ( ,la-o1 &1 :5 a qu>t] ( ! body 0 ?r[n ov]1 ,la-o's mon/]s dev\r$ x ?9k+ x a "p ( ,skell's body4 ,ea* qu>t] 0 ?r[n ov] 9 turn ) ! same result1 b :5 ! head 0 ?r[n into ! lake ! mon/]s recogniz$ x z ! head ( _! ma/] & w\ld n t\* x1 & s x rema9s to-day1 an isl& 9 ! lake1 to all p n[ kn[n z ,wiz>d ,isl&4 ,9 #ahhe1 at ,=t ,klama?1 ,/eel obta9$ f ,all5 ,david1 ! :ite-head$ *ief ( ! ,klama? ,indians1 ! /ory ( h[ ! ,indians return$ to ,crat] ,lake4 ,x 0 long be=e ! :ite man appe>$ to drive ! native out4 ,sev]al ,klama?s :ile hunt+ 7 %ock$ to f9d !mselves on ! lake rim1 b1 gaz+ ^u its beauty1 sudd5ly x 0 reveal$ to !m t ?is 0 ! home ( ! ,great ,_s4 ,!y sil5tly left & camp$ f> away4 ,b "o brave "u ! spell ( ! lake return$1 look$ aga91 built 8 camp-fire & slept4 ,! next night he return$ aga91 & /ill aga94 ,ea* night /range voices :i* *>m$ him rose f ! lake2 my/]i\s noises fill$ ! air4 ,moons wax$ & wan$4 ,"o day he climb$ d[n to ! wat]'s edge1 :]e he saw creatures l 9 all respects to ,klama? ,indians inhabit+ ! wat]s4 ,aga9 & aga9 he desc5d$1 ba!d1 & soon began to feel my/]i\sly /rong1 /rong] ?an any ,indian ( 8 tribe because ( 8 _m visits to ! wat]s4 ,o!rs p]ceiv+ 8 gr[+ p[] v5tur$ also to visit ! lake1 &1 ^u ba?+ 9 its wat]s also receiv$ /r5g?4 ,on "o occasion1 said ,david solemnly1 ! brave :o fir/ visit$ ! lake kill$ a mon/]1 or fi%1 & 0 at once set ^u by untold numb]s ( excit$ ,llaos 7= su* !y 7 call$71 :o c>ri$ him to ! top ( ! cliffs1 cut 8 ?roat ) a /one knife1 !n tore 8 body into small pieces :i* 7 ?r[n d[n to ! wat]s f> b5ea? & dev\r$ by angry ,llaos4 ,9 #ahhf two ,klama?s accompani$ ,capta9 ,cl>5ce ,e4 ,dutton's ,geological ,survey p>ty to ,crat] ,lake & desc5d$ to ! wat]'s edge4 ,! news ( ! successful adv5ture spread among ! ,indians1 & o!rs came to look ^u ! =bidd5 spot4 ,t 0 ! beg9n+ ( ! end ( ! sup]/ition4 ,/eel says t two hundr$ ,klama?s camp$ ^u ! rim 9 #ahif1 :ile he 0 !re ) ! ,mazamas4 ,! lake 0 v>i\sly nam$ by its e>ly visitors4 ,! ,hillman p>ty :i* discov]$ x nam$ x ,deep ,blue ,lake on ! spot4 ,lat] x 0 kn[n z ,lake ,my/]y1 ,lake ,maje/y1 & ,hole 9 ! ,gr\nd4 ,a p>ty f ,jacksonville nam$ x ,crat] ,lake on ,augu/ #d1 #ahfi4 ,x ,,yell[/one1 ,a ,,volcanic ,,int]lude ,,! ,,yell[/one ,,national ,,p>k1 ,,wyom+1 ,,nor?we/]n ,,wyom+4 ,,area1 #c1cdh ,,squ>e ,,miles ,i ,john ,c\lt]'s /ory ( hot spr+s at ! upp] wat]s ( ! ,yell[/one ,riv] 0 laugh$ at by ! public ( #ahaj4 ,jim ,bridg]'s acc\nt ( ! geys]s 9 ! ?irties made 8 national reputation z a li>4 ,w>r5 ,angus ,f]ris's description ( ! ,upp] ,geys] ,bas9 0 receiv$ 9 #ahdb 9 unbeliev+ sil5ce4 ,lat] explor]s :o s\ght ! ,yell[/one to te/ ! tru? ( ^! tales ?\ght x :olesome to keep _! f9d+s to !mselves1 z magaz9es & newspap]s refus$ to publi% _! acc\nts & lectur]s 7 /on$ 9 ! /reets z impo/ors4 ,x requir$ ! au?ority ( ! semi(ficial ,wa%burn-,lang=d exp$ition ( #ahfi to e/abli% cr$5ce4 ,! orig9al appeal ( ! ,yell[/one1 t to wond]1 rema9s its mo/ popul> appeal to-day1 ?\gh sci5ce has dissipat$ my/]y ^! _m ye>s4 ,_m visitors1 ,i am p]suad$1 enjoy ! wond] ( x m ev5 ?an ! spectacle4 ,i h he>d p refuse to li/5 to ! explanation ( geys] action le/ x less5 _! pleasure 9 ,old ,fai?ful4 ,i confess to moods 9 :i* ,i want to see ! blue flames & smell ! brim/one :i* ,jim ,bridg] describ$ s eloqu5tly4 ,!re are places :]e x is n h>d to imag9e bo?4 ,= _m ye>s ! uncanny wond]s ( a dy+ volcanic region absorb$ ! public m9d to ! exclusion ( all else 9 ! ,yell[/one neighborhood1 :i* ,congress1 pr9cipally 9 consequ5ce ( ^! wond]s1 made a national p>k 9 #ahgb4 ,yet all ! "t x possess$ two o!r elem5ts ( di/9ction :i* a lat] p]iod reg>ds z equal to ! volcanic ph5om5a2 elem5ts1 9 fact1 ( su* di/9ction t ei!r "o alone1 )\t ! geys]s1 w\ld h w>rant$ ! res]vation ( s /rik+ a region = a national p>k4 ,"o ( ^! is ! valley ( ! ,yell[/one ,riv] ) its spectacul> wat]falls & its colorful canyon4 ,! o!r is its population ( wild animals :i*1 9 #ahgb1 probably 0 z l>ge & may h be5 l>g] ?an to-day's4 ,yet little 0 he>d ( ! ,gr& ,canyon ( ! ,yell[/one 9 ^? days1 al?\gh ,moran's celebrat$ pa9t+1 n[ 9 ! ,capitol at ,wa%+ton1 help$ influ5ce ,congress to make x a national p>k2 & s little did ! wild animals figure 9 ! calculations ( ! p]iod t !y 7 n ev5 protect$ 9 ! national p>k until #ahid1 :5 hunt+ _h r$uc$ ! buffalo to tw5ty-five animals4 ,ev5 9 ^! days ( enlight5m5t & appreciation ! great majority ( p ?9k ( ! ,yell[/one only z an area enclos+ geys]s4 ,!re are t\ri/s s possess$ ) ?is idea t !y b>ely glance at ! canyon 9 pass+4 ,i h he>d t\ri/s refuse to walk to ,inspiration ,po9t because !y _h already look$ ov] ! rim at a conv5i5t & unimpressive place4 ,imag9e com+ two ?\s& miles to balk at two miles & a half to ! only spectacle ( its k9d 9 ! _w & "o ( ! _w's great spectacles at t6 ,z = ! animals1 few inde$ see any b ! occasional be>s t fe$ at ! hotel dumps 9 ! ev5+4 ,! ,yell[/one ,national ,p>k lies 9 ! recesses ( ! ,rocky ,m\nta9s 9 nor?we/]n ,wyom+4 ,x slightly ov]laps ,montana on ! nor? & nor?we/1 & ,idaho on ! s\?we/4 ,x is rectangul>1 ) an entrance ab\t ! middle ( ea* side4 ,x is ! l>ge/ ( ! national p>ks1 enclos+ #c1cdh squ>e miles4 ,x occupies a high pla9 girt ) m\nta9s4 ,! ,abs>okas b\nd x on ! ea/1 _! cre/ invad+ ! p>k at ,m\nt ,*itt5d54 ,! ,gallat9 ,range pu%es into ! nor?we/]n corn] f ! nor?4 ,! cont95tal divide crosses ! s\?we/]n corn] ov] ! l(ty ,madison ,plateau & ! ridge s\? ( ,yell[/one ,lake4 ,altitudes are g5]ally high4 ,! pla9s range f six to eight ?\s& feet2 ! m\nta9s rise occasionally to t5 ?\s& feet4 ,s\? ( ! p>k ! ,pit*/one ,plateau m]ges into ! foo?ills ( ! ,teton ,m\nta9s1 :i*1 ?irty miles s\? ( ! s\!rn b\nd>y1 rise precipit\sly sev5 ?\s& feet above ! g5]al level ( ! c\ntry4 ,?\gh occupy+ ! he>t ( ! ,rocky ,m\nta9s1 ! region is n ( !m4 ,9 no s5se is x typical4 ,! ,rockies are ess5tially granite :i* 0 =c$ molt5 f ! dep?s :51 at ! creation ( ?is va/ c5tral m\nta9 sy/em1 lat]al pressures lift$ ! e>?'s sk9 high above sea-level1 fold$ x1 & f9ally erod$ x along ! cre/ ( ! folds4 ,9 ?is granite sy/em ! ,yell[/one is a volcanic int]lude1 & ( mu* lat] date4 ,x belongs 9 a g5]al way to ! impulse ( volcanic agitation :i* light$ va/ beacons ov] ?ree hundr$ ?\s& squ>e miles ( our nor?we/4 ,! ,cascade ,m\nta9s belong 9 ?is gr\p+4 ,f\r national p>ks ( to-day 7 !n 9 ! mak+1 ,m\nt ,ra9i] 9 ,wa%+ton1 ,crat] ,lake 9 ,oregon1 ,lass5 ,volcanic 9 ,cali=nia1 & ! ,yell[/one 9 ,wyom+4 ,subt]ranean heat1 rema9+ f ^? days ( volcanic activity1 to-day boils ! wat] :i* ! geys]s hurl 9 air4 ,9 ! nor!a/]n "p ( ! ,yell[/one a l>ge c5tral crat] 0 surr\nd$ by small] volcanoes4 ,y c easily trace ! con=mation f ,m\nt ,wa%burn :i* /ood ^u its s\!a/]n rim1 heap$ !re1 d\btless1 by "s explosion ( m ?an common viol5ce4 ,?is volcanic p]iod 0 ( long duration1 p]haps hundr$s ( ?\s&s ( ye>s4 ,9 ! nor!a/]n "p ( ! p>k ! erosion ( a hill has expos$ ! petrifi$ rema9s ( ?irte5 l>ge =e/s 9 lay]s "o on top ( ! o!r1 ! deep int]v5+ spaces fill$ ) ?ick deposits ( a%es4 ,?irte5 consecutive times 7 great =e/s "h smo!r$ 9 ! products ( eruption4 ,?irte5 times did ye>s en\gh elapse betwe5 eruptions = soil to make & =e/s to gr[ aga91 ea* p]haps ( _m g5]ations ( great trees4 ,yell[/one's m\nta9s1 !n1 are decay$ volcanoes1 its rock is lava1 its soil is a% & dis9tegrat$ lava4 ,! result+ outl9e is s(t & wav+1 ) a t5d5cy to levels4 ,!re are no p9nacl$ heights1 no /ratifi$1 m9>et$ walls1 no precipic$ cirques & glaci]-%r\d$ peaks4 ,yet glaci]s visit$ ! region4 ,! l>ge granite b\ld] br\ght f af> & left ne> ! we/ rim ( ! ,gr& ,canyon ) ?\s&s ( feet ( rhyolite & o!r products ( volcanism b5ea? x is alone suffici5t pro( ( t4 ,betwe5 ! p]iods f volcano to glaci] & f glaci] to to-day1 /ream erosion has p]=m$ its miracles4 ,! volcanoes h be5 r\nd$ & flatt5$1 ! plateaus h be5 built up & levell$1 & ! canyons ( ! ,yell[/one1 ,gibbon1 & ,madison ,riv]s h be5 dug4 ,vigor\s z its l&scape /ill rema9s1 x has ?us become ! natural playgr\nd = a multitude ( p unaccu/om$ to ! rigors ( a p[]fully acc5t$ m\nta9 c\ntry4 ,! fact is t1 9 spite ( its pov]ty ( peaks & precipices1 ! ,yell[/one c\ntry is "o ( ! mo/ v>i$ & beautiful wild]nesses 9 ! _w4 ,among national p>ks x ga9s r ?an loses by its diff]5ce4 ,:ile easily p5etrat$1 x is wild 9 ! extreme1 h9t+ ( ! prairies 9 its broad op5s1 pa/ure = ?\s&s ( wild rum9ants1 & ( ! l(ti] m\nta9s 9 its di/ant ranges1 its isolat$ peaks & its gr\ps ( rugg$1 roll+ summits4 ,9 ! numb]1 magnitude1 & v>iety ( its wat]s x /&s q alone4 ,x conta9s no less ?an ?ree wat]%$s ( importance1 ^? ( ! ,yell[/one1 ,madison1 & ,snake ,riv]s1 fl[+ respectively nor?1 we/1 & s\?4 ,! wat]s ( ! ,yell[/one & ,madison make x an important s\rce ( ! ,miss\ri4 ,!re are m9or riv]s ( importance 9 ! p>k & innum]able less] /reams4 ,x is a network ( wat]ways4 ,its wat]falls are _m1 & two ( !m are l>ge & important4 ,its lakes are _m1 & sev]al are l>ge4 ,yell[/one ,lake is ! l>ge/ ( its altitude 9 ! _w4 ,z a wild]ness1 !re=e1 ! ,yell[/one is unequall$4 ,its innum]able wat]s insure ! luxuriance ( its gr[?s4 ,its =e/$ p>ts are d5sely =e/$2 its fl[]-g>d5s are unexcell$ 9 range1 color1 & v>iety1 & its mead[s gr[ deep 9 _m k9ds ( ri* grass4 ,if x 7 only = ! spl5dor ( its wild]ness1 x /ill w\ld be wor? ! :ile4 ,imag9e ?is wild]ness heavily populat$ ) fri5dly wild animals1 spr9kl$ ) geys]s1 hot spr+s1 mud volcanoes1 pa9t$ t]races & petrifi$ groves1 s5sational ) brea?-tak+ canyons & wat]falls1 p5etrable ov] hundr$s ( miles ( well built road & sev]al times ! mileage ( trails1 & com=table because ( its l>ge hotels & public camps locat$ conv5i5tly = its enjoym5t1 & y h a pleasure-gr\nd ( extraord9>y quality4 ,rememb] t "o may camp out almo/ any:]e1 & t all wat]s are tr\t wat]s4 ,yell[/one (f]s ! be/ fi%+ easily accessible 9 ! cont95t4 ,ano!r advantage possess$ by ! ,yell[/one is a position ne> ! c5tre ( ! c\ntry among great railroad sy/ems4 ,! ,nor!rn ,pacific rea*es x on ! nor?1 ! ,burl+ton on ! ea/1 & ! ,union ,pacific on ! we/4 ,"o c take x com+ or go+ betwe5 oceans2 x is possible to buy tickets 9 by any "o railroad & out by ei!r ( ! o!rs4 ,an elaborate sy/em ( automobile-coa*es sw+s ! pass5g] :]e he pleases1 meet+ all incom+ tra9s & deliv]+ at all outgo+ tra9s4 ,x is mu* easi] n[ to see ! ,yell[/one ?an 9 ! mu*-vaunt$ /age-coa* times previ\s to #aiae1 times sorely lam5t$ by ! romantic because _! pass+ meant ! pass+ ( ! picturesque old horse-drawn /age-coa* f its la/ /& 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates2 times :5 a t\r ( ! ,yell[/one meant six & a half days ( sl[1 du/y travel1 />t+ e>ly & arriv+ late1 ) a few m9utes or h\rs at ea* sight = ! soil$ & exhau/$ travell] to gape 9 ignorant wond]1 wat* 9 h&4 ,to-day "o travels swiftly & com=tably 9 entire leisure1 /opp+ at hotels or camps z he pleases1 & /ay+ at ea* z long z he likes4 ,! runs betwe5 ! l+]+ places are n[ a pleasure4 ,if hurri$1 "o c n[ accompli% ! /age-coa* trip ( ! pa/ 9 two days1 :ile ! old six & a half days n[ means a leisurely & delightful visit4 ,) ! new ord] ( travel began a new conception ( ! ,yell[/one's public usefulness4 ,x ceas$ to be a museum ( wond]s & began to be a summ] pleasure-gr\nd4 ,in/ead ( ! fa/ automobile-/age decreas+ ! av]age l5g? ( visit1 ! new idea :i* x embodi$ has l5g!n$ x4 ,?is new idea is a natural evolution :i* began ) ! automobile & spread rapidly4 ,! railroads _h be5 br++ t\ri/s pr9cipally on transcont95tal /op-ov]s4 ,automobiles br\ght p :o came really to see ! ,yell[/one1 :o /ay$ weeks at public camps to see x1 or :o br\ght outfits & camp$ out among its spectacles4 ,! fir/ ,=d :i* ent]$ ! p>k on ! morn+ ( ,augu/ #a1 #aiae1 ! day :5 private c>s 7 fir/ admitt$1 s load$ ) t5t+ & cook+ ut5sils t ! occupants sc>cely c\ld be se51 0 ! h]ald ( ! new & great] ,yell[/one4 ,^? :o laugh$ & ^? :o groan$ at sight ( x1 & !re 7 bo?1 7 no se]s2 = t m9ute ,yell[/one ent]$ ^u h] de/9y4 ,! road s*eme is simple & effective4 ,f ea* entrance a road leads into an oblong loop road enclos+ ! c5tre ( ! p>k & t\*+ ! pr9cipal po9ts ( sc5ic int]e/4 ,?is loop is connect$ across ! middle = conv5i5ce4 ,f x sev]al %ort roads pu% out to special spectacles1 & a long road foll[s ,lam> ,creek ?r\gh a nor!a/]n entrance to a m9+ t[n :i* has no o!r means ( communication ) ! _w outside4 ,?is is ! road to ,specim5 ,ridge ) its ?irte5 engulf$ =e/s1 to ! buffalo range1 &1 outside ! p>k b\nd>ies1 to ! ,gras%opp] ,glaci]1 9 ^: glassy embrace may be se5 millions ( gras%opp]s :i* h la9 9 v cold /orage inde$ f an age be=e man4 ,all are automobile roads4 ,,ii ,! hot-wat] ph5om5a are scatt]$ ov] a l>ge area ( ! p>k4 ,! ,mammo? ,hot ,spr+s at ! nor!rn entrance are ! only active examples ( high t]race-build+4 ,! geys]s are conc5trat$ 9 ?ree adjo9+ gr\ps ^u ! middle-we/ side4 ,b hot spr+s occur ev]y:]e at widely sep>at$ po9ts2 a /eam jet is se5 em]g+ ev5 f ! dep?s ( ! ,gr& ,canyon a ?\s& feet bel[ ! rim4 ,! travell] is nev] long all[$ to =get1 9 ! sil5t beauty ( ! supreme wild]ness1 ! p>k's uncanny nature4 ,sudd5ly enc\nt]$ columns ( /eam ris+ f innoc5t mead[s2 occasional half-acres ( dead & discolor$ bru% em]g+ f hot & yell[ mud-holes )9 ! gl[+ =e/ he>t2 an unexpect$ ro>+ hillside runn+ ) smok+ wat]2 irregul> agitat$ pools ( gray1 p9k1 or yell[ mud1 spitt+1 l a pot ( porridge1 explosive puffs ( /eam2 ! w>m vapor+ ( a %all[ 9 a cold =e/-b\nd lake2 a cont9u\s viol5t bell[+ f ! dep?s ( a ragg$ roadside hole :i* at int]vals vomits noisily quantities ( ?ick br[n & purple liquid2 occasional gr\ps ( ri*ly color$ hot spr+s 9 an acre or m ( dull yell[s1 ! :ole /eam+ vehem5tly & int]*ang+ ! p9ks & blues ( its hot wat]s z ! pass+ travell] *anges 8 angle ( vision--^! & o!r unc\? ph5om5a 9 wide v>iety & frequ5t repetition enliv5 ! t\ri/'s way4 ,!y are m num]\s 9 geys] neighborhoods1 b "s ( !m are met s+ly1 always ) a little %ock ( surprise1 9 e "p ( ! p>k4 ,! t]race-build+ spr+s 9 ! nor? ( ! p>k engulf trees4 ,! bulky gr[+ m\nds ( :ite & gray deposit are edg$ ) m9utely c>v5 bas9s m\nt$ ^u elaborately flut$ supports ( ornate design1 ov] ^: _m-color$ edges fl[s a %imm] ( hot wat]4 ,bas9 rises ^u bas91 ti] ^u ti]1 ea* 9 turn de/9$ to clog & dry & m]ge into ! mass :ile new bas9s & new ti]s =m & gr[ & gl[ a:ile ^u _! out] flank4 ,! mat]ial1 ( c\rse1 is precipitat$ by ! wat] :5 x em]ges f ! e>?'s hot int]ior4 ,! vivid yell[s & p9ks & blues 9 :i* ^! t]races clo! !mselves ^u w>m days result f m9ute vegetable algae :i* ?rive 9 ! hot saturat$ lime-wat] b quickly die & fade to gray & %9+ :ite on dry+4 ,! height ( "s ( ^! %apeless masses ( t]race-built /ructures is surpris+4 ,b m surpris+ yet is ! vividness ( color assum$ by ! limpid spr+s 9 c]ta9 lights & at c]ta9 angles4 ,climb+ ! t]races at ! exp5se ( wet feet1 "o /&s ^u broad1 :ite1 & occasionally v damp plateaus :i* /eam vigor\sly 9 spots4 ,^! spots are irregul>ly circul> & v %all[ pools ( hot wat]1 "s ( :i* bubble indu/ri\sly ) a l[1 pleasant hum4 ,!y are n boil+ spr+s2 ! bubbl+ is caus$ by escap+ gases2 b _! wat]s are extremely hot4 ,! int5se color ( "s ( ^! pools v>ies or disappe>s ) ! *ang+ angle ( vision2 ! wat] itself is limpid4 ,else:]e ?r\gh\t ! p>k ! innum]able hot spr+s seem to be less *>g$ ) depositable matt]2 else:]e !y build no t]races1 b bubble joy\sly up ?r\gh b[ls (t5 _m feet 9 dep? & diamet]4 ,(t5 !y are inspir+ly beautiful4 ,! blue ,morn+ ,glory ,spr+ is jewel-l r ?an fl[]-l 9 its color quality1 b its b[l rem>kably resembles ! fl[] :i* gives x "n4 ,mo/ spr+s are glori\sly gre54 ,"s are ! s\rces ( consid]able /reams4 ,"s /ir slightly ) ! feel+ r ?an ! appe>ance ( life2 o!rs are p]petually agitat$1 sev]al small spr+s betray+ _! relation%ip to ! geys]s by a p]iodicity ( activity4 ,:5 ! air is dry & ! temp]ature l[1 ! spr+s %oot ?ick volumes ( /eam high 9 air4 ,to ! incom] by ! nor? or we/ entrance :o has yet to see a geys]1 ! fir/ view ( ! ,l[] ,geys] ,bas9 br+s a %ock ( a/oni%m5t no matt] :at 8 expectation4 ,let u hope x is a cool1 brac+1 breezy morn+ :5 ! broad yell[ pla9 emits hundr$s ( columns ( heavy /eam to unite 9 a w9d-toss$ cl\d ov]ly+ & sett+ (f ! uncanny spectacle4 ,sev]al geys]s sp\t vehem5tly & "o or m ro>+ v5ts bell[ l angry bulls 9 a nightm>e4 ,?is is appropriately ! introduction to ! great] geys] bas9s :i* lie ne> by ^u ! s\?4 ,:o %all describe ! geys]s8 ,:at p51 :at bru%1 %all d ju/ice to _! gho/ly glory1 ! eag] vehem5ce ( _! assaults ^u ! sky1 _! joyful gu% & ro>1 _! insi/5ce ^u consci\s p]sonality & p[]1 ! :ite maje/y ( _! flut$ columns at ! in/ant ( fulle/ expansion1 ! supreme lovel9ess ( _! fea!ry floresc5ce at ! level ( poise betwe5 rise & fall1 _! graci\sness ( =m1 _! spe$y air9ess ( action1 _! giant convolutions ( sun-fleck$ /eam roll+ al(t 9 ev]-exp&+ volume to rejo9 ! p>5t cl\d8 ,p]haps !re h be5 great] geys] bas9s some:]e 9 ! prehi/oric pa/4 ,!re may be great] /ill to come2 "o or two promis+ possibilities are 9 ,alaska4 ,b = ! lapse ( geologic "t 9 :i* man has s f> liv$1 ,yell[/one has corn]$ ! _w's geys] m>ket4 ,!re are only two o!r places :]e "o may enjoy ! spectacle ( l>ge geys]s4 ,"o ( ^! is ,new ,zeal& & ! o!r ,icel&2 b bo? displays comb9$ _c equal ,yell[/one's ei!r 9 ! numb] or ! size ( ! geys]s4 ,yell[/one has doz5s ( geys]s ( _m k9ds4 ,!y range 9 size f ! little spr+ t spurts a few in*es e m9ute to ! mon/] t hurls hundr$s ( tons ( wat] ?ree hundr$ feet 9 air e six or eight weeks4 ,_m sp\t at fairly regul> int]vals ( m9utes or h\rs or days4 ,o!rs are notably irregul>1 & ^! include mo/ ( ! l>ge/4 ,old ,fai?ful won its "n & reputation by its regul>ity2 x is ! only "o ( ! gr\p ( mon/]s :i* lives up to its "t-table4 ,its p]iod ranges f int]vals ( ab\t fifty-five m9utes 9 seasons foll[+ w9t]s ( heavy sn[ to eighty or eighty-five m9utes 9 seasons foll[+ w9t]s ( light sn[4 ,its eruptions are ann\nc$ 9 ! ,old ,fai?ful ,inn a few m9utes 9 advance ( action & ! population ( ! hotel walks out to see ! sp\t+4 ,at night a se>*light is ?r[n ^u ! gu%+ flood4 ,aft] all1 ,old ,fai?ful is ! mo/ satisfactory ( geys]s4 ,sev]al are m impos+4 ,sometimes en?usia/s rema9 9 ! neighborhood = weeks wait+ = ! ,giant to play & d>e n v5ture f> away = fe> ( miss+ ! spectacle2 :ile ,old ,fai?ful1 :i* is q z beautiful & ne>ly z l>ge1 p]=ms h\rly = ! pleasure ( ?\s&s4 ,ev5 ! mo/ hurri$ visitor to ! ,upp] ,bas9 is sure1 betwe5 /ages1 ( see+ sev]al geys]s 9 addition to "o or m p]=mances ( ,old ,fai?ful4 ,! greate/ ( kn[n geys]s ceas$ play+ 9 #ahhh4 ,i h f\nd no au!ntic measurem5ts or o!r /at$ records conc]n+ ! fam\s ,excelsior4 ,x hurl$ al(t an enorm\s volume ( wat]1 ) a fury ( action describ$ z appall+4 ,po/]ity is =tunate 9 ! exi/5ce ( a /rik+ photograph ( ?is mon/] tak5 at ! height ( its play by ,f4 ,jay ,haynes1 !n (ficial photograph] ( ! p>k4 ,! fir/ photographs ,i made 7 9 ! fall ( #ahha1 ,mr4 ,haynes writes me4 ,! eruptions cont9u$ dur+ ! w9t] at increas+ int]vals f two h\rs1 :5 ! s]ies began1 to f\r h\rs :5 x ceas$ op]ations be=e ! t\ri/ season ( #ahhb4 ,n hav+ ! mod]n photographic plates = in/antane\s "w 9 #ahha1 x 0 impossible to secure in/antane\s views !n1 b 9 ! spr+ ( #ahhh1 ,i made ! view :i* y write ab\t4 ,x 0 tak5 at ! fulness ( its eruption4 ,! explosion 0 prec$$ by a rapid fill+ ( ! crat] & a great ov]fl[ ( wat]4 ,! column 0 ab\t fifty feet wide & came f ! c5tre ( ! crat]4 ,pieces ( =mation 7 torn loose & 7 ?r[n out dur+ ea* eruption2 l>ge quantities ev5tually 7 remov$ f ! crat]1 ?us enl>g+ x to its pres5t size4 ,"h we h a witness's description ( ! process :i* cl\ds ! c>e] ( ! ,excelsior ,geys]4 ,! enl>gem5t ( ! v5t ev5tually gave unre/ra9$ passage to ! imprison$ /eam4 ,! geys] ceas$ to play4 ,to-day ! ,excelsior ,spr+ is "o ( ! l>ge/ hot spr+s 9 ! ,yell[/one & ! _w2 its output ( /eam+ wat] is con/ant & volum9\s4 ,?us aga9 we f9d relation%ip betwe5 ! hot spr+ & ! geys]2 x is app>5t t ! same v5t1 except p]haps = diff]5ces ( int]nal %ap+1 might s]ve = bo?4 ,x 0 ! removal ( re/ra9+ walls :i* *ang$ ! ,excelsior ,geys] to ! ,excelsior ,spr+4 ,= _m ye>s geys] action rema9$ a my/]y balanc$ among conflict+ !ories1 ( :i* at la/ ,buns5's won g5]al acceptance4 ,spr+ wat]s1 or surface wat]s seep+ ?r\gh por\s lavas1 ga!r ?\s&s ( feet bel[ ! surface 9 "s pocket locat$ 9 /rata :i* int]nal pressures /ill keep hot4 ,boil+ z !y ga!r1 ! wat]s rise till !y fill ! long v5t-hole to ! surface4 ,/ill ! /eam keeps mak+ 9 ! deep pocket1 :]e x is held d[n by ! weight ( ! wat] 9 ! v5t above4 ,z x accumulates ?is /eam compresses m & m4 ,! result is inevitable4 ,!re comes a mom5t :5 ! expansive p[] ( ! compress$ /eam ov]comes ! weight above4 ,explosion foll[s4 ,! /eam1 exp&+ n[ ) viol5ce1 drives ! wat] up ! v5t & out2 nor is x satisfi$ until ! v5t is empti$4 ,^u ! surface1 z ! geys] lapses & dies1 ! p turn away to ! ,inn & lun*eon4 ,"u ! surface1 aga9 ! wat]s ga!r & boil 9 prep>ation = ! next eruption4 ,! int]val till !n w dep5d ^u ! am\nt ( wat] :i* rea*es ! deep pocket1 ! size ( ! pocket1 & ! l5g? & %ape ( ! v5t-hole4 ,if conditions p]mit ! upw>d escape ( /eam z fa/ z x makes 9 ! pocket1 we h a hot spr+4 ,if ! /eam makes fa/] ?an x c escape1 we h a geys]4 ,illu/ration3 ,f a photograph by ,haynes ,,! ,,excelsior ,,geys] ,,:i* ,,blew ,,out ,,9 #ahhh2 ,,yell[/one ,illu/ration3 ,f a photograph by ,haynes ,,"o ,,( ,,! ,,t]races ,,at ,,mammo? ,,hot ,,spr+s2 ,,yell[/one ,,iii ,s int]e/+ are ! geys]s & _! k9 t1 ) _! spl5did wild]ness sett+1 o!r glories seem sup]flu\s4 ,i h _h my mom5ts ( impati5ce ) ! ,gr& ,canyon ( ! ,yell[/one = be+ 9 ! ,yell[/one4 ,toge!r1 ! canyon & ! geys]s are almo/ too mu* = "o place1 ev5 p]haps = "o visit4 ,"o c only hold s mu*1 ev5 ( beauty1 at once4 ,spectacles ( ?is quality & quantity ne$ assimilation1 & assimilation requires "t4 ,nev]!less1 once ent] into sympa!tic relations ) ! canyon1 once f9d its he>t & p5etrate its secret1 & ! tables are quickly turn$4 ,/rangely1 x n[ becomes q easy to view ) comp>ative coolness ! claims ( m]e hot-wat] wond]s4 ,! canyon _c be consid]$ ap>t f its riv] any m ?an a geys] ap>t f its environm5t ( hot spr+ & bas91 & any consid]ation ( ! ,yell[/one ,riv] beg9s ) its lake4 ,z comp>$ ) o!rs ( sc5ic celebrity1 ,yell[/one ,lake is unrem>kable4 ,its %ores are s l[ & ! m\nta9s ( its s\!rn bord] s flat & unsugge/ive t x curi\sly gives ! impression ( surface altitude--curi\sly because x actually has ! altitude2 its surface is m ?an sev5 ?\s& sev5 hundr$ feet above tide4 ,if ,i h ! adv]tisem5t "r1 x is ! highe/ wat] 9 ! _w t floats a l9e ( /eamboats4 ,! lake is l>ge1 tw5ty miles nor? & s\? by fifte5 miles ea/ & we/2 x is irregul> ) deep ind5tations4 ,x is heavily wood$ to ! wat]'s edge4 ,all its ent]+ /reams are small except ! ,yell[/one ,riv]1 :i*1 f its s\rce 9 ! ,abs>okas j s\? ( ! p>k b\nd>y1 ent]s ! ,s\!a/ ,arm ?r\gh ! l[l& wild]ness home ( ! moose & ! wild buffalo4 ,! lake is ! popul> resort ( ?\s&s ( l>ge :ite pelicans1 its mo/ picturesque feature4 ,t "p ( ! ,yell[/one ,riv] :i* int]e/s u em]ges f ! lake at its mo/ nor!rly po9t4 ,x is "h a broad swift /ream ( "s dep? & great cl>ity1 s sw>m+ ) tr\t t a half-doz5 or m usually may be se5 ^u its bottom at any glance f boat or bridge4 ,a numb] ( boats usually are an*or$ above ! bridge f :i* angl]s are successfully trail+ artificial flies & sp9n]s 9 ! fa/ curr5t2 & ! bridge is usually l9$ ) angl]s :o1 9 spite ( crude outfits1 frequ5tly hook good tr\t :i* !y pull up by ma9 /r5g? mu* z ! phlegmatic patrons ( excursion-/eam]s to ! ,banks yank flopp+ cod f br9e to basket on ! top deck4 ,! la/ "t ,i cross$ ! ,fi%+ ,bridge & paus$ to see ! fun1 a woman ^: face beam$ ) happ9ess held up a tw5ty-in* tr\t & said3 ,j look6 ,my husb& caught ?is & he is sev5ty-six ye>s old--la/ mon?4 ,x's ! fir/ fi% he ev] caught1 = he 0 br\ght up 9 ,kansas1 y "k1 :]e !re isn't any fi%+4 ,my6 b he's a pr\d man6 ,we're go+ to get ! camp to cook x = u4 ,he's gone n[ to look = a bo>d to draw its measurem5ts to %[ ! folks at home4 ,f "h to ! riv]'s em]g5ce f ! p>k ! fi%+ is n crude4 ,9 fact1 x taxes ! mo/ skilful angl]'s art to /e] 8 fight+ tr\t ?r\gh boil+ rapids to ! net4 ,= v soon ! ,yell[/one n>r[s & pit*es d[n %>p] slants to ! climax ( ! falls & ! mighty canyon4 ,?is int]m$iate /ret* ( riv] is beautiful 9 its quietude4 ,! =e/s (t5 t\* ! wat]'s edge4 ,& ev] x n>r[s & deep5s & spla%es high] aga9/ ! rocks :i* /em its curr5t2 =ev] x is /eep5+ to ! plunge4 ,above ! ,upp] ,fall x p9*es almo/ to a mill-race1 ro>s ov] l[ sills1 sw+s ea/w>d at "r angles1 & plunges a hundr$ & n9e feet4 ,i "k ( no cat>act :i* expresses might 9 action s eloqu5tly z ! ,upp] ,fall ( ! ,yell[/one4 ,press$ z x is )9 n>r[ b\nds1 x seems to gu% ) o!r motive p[] ?an m]ely gravity4 ,se5 f above look+ d[n1 se5 sideways f bel[1 or look$ at /raight on f ! camp site on ! opposite rim1 ! wat] appe>s hurl$ f ! br9k4 ,less ?an a mile s\? ( ! ,upp] ,fall1 ! riv] aga9 falls1 ?is "t into ! ,gr& ,canyon4 ,impos+ z ! ,great ,fall is1 x mu/ *iefly be consid]$ z a "p ( ! ,gr& ,canyon picture4 ,! only sep>ate view ( x looks up f ! riv]'s edge 9 front1 a view :i* few get because ( ! difficult climb2 e o!r view poses x m]ely z an elem5t 9 ! canyon composition4 ,comp>$ ) ! ,upp] ,fall1 its m ?an d\ble height gives x ! great sup]iority ( maje/y )\t detract+ f ! ,upp] ,fall's gu%+ p]sonality4 ,9 fact1 x is ! ,k+ ( ,falls4 ,comp>ison ) ,yosemite's falls is impossible1 s diff]5t are ! elem5ts & conditions4 ,! ,great ,fall ( ! ,yell[/one c>ries 9 "o body1 p]haps1 a great] bulk ( wat] ?an all ! ,yosemite ,valley's falls comb9$4 ,& s we come to ! canyon4 ,9 figures x is r\ghly a ?\s& feet deep & twice z wide1 m or less1 at ! rim4 ,! supremely sc5ic "p rea*es p]haps ?ree miles bel[ ! ,great ,fall4 ,sev]al rock po9ts ext5d f> into ! canyon1 f :i* ! gorge\s spectacle may be view$ z f an a]oplane4 ,arti/s' ,po9t1 :i* is rea*$ f ! ea/ side1 displays ! ,great ,fall z ! c5tre ( a noble composition4 ,x 0 ,moran's *oice4 ,inspiration ,po9t1 :i* juts f> 9 f ! we/ side1 %[s a deep] & m compreh5sive view ( ! canyon & only a glimpse ( ! ,great ,fall4 ,bo? views are ess5tial to any adequate conception4 ,f ,arti/s' ,po9t ! eye loses detail 9 ! ov]ma/]+ glory ( ! :ole4 ,f ,inspiration ,po9t ! canyon reveals itself 9 all ! intimacy ( its sublime =m & color4 ,bo? views dazzle & a/oni%4 ,nei!r c be look$ at v long at "o "t4 ,illu/ration3 ,f a photograph copyright by ,gif=d ,,yell[/one ,,valley ,,f ,,! ,,upp] ,,fall ,,to ,,! ,,l[] ,,fall ,illu/ration3 ,f a photograph copyright by ,gif=d ,,! ,,l[] ,,fall ,,& ,,! ,,gr& ,,canyon ,,( ,,! ,,yell[/one ,x w help compreh5sion ( ! picture quality ( ?is rem>kable canyon to recall t x is c>v$ out ( ! products ( volcanism2 its promontories & p9nacles are ! knobb$ & gn>l$ decomposition products ( lava rocks left foll[+ erosion2 its sides are ga%$ & flut$ lava cliffs flank$ by long /raight slopes ( co>se volcanic s&-l gra9s2 its colors h ! di/9ctness & occasional luridness :i* seem natural to fus$ & oxidiz$ dis9tegrations4 ,geologically speak+1 x is a "y canyon4 ,x is digg+ deep] all ! "t4 ,yell[1 ( c\rse1 is ! prevail+ color4 ,moran 0 "r4 ,8 0 ! g5]al po9t ( view1 8 message ! dramatic ensemble4 ,b1 ev5 f ,arti/s' ,po9t1 clos] look+ reveals great masses ( r$s & grays1 :ile ,inspiration ,po9t discloses a gorge\s palette daub$ ) mo/ ( ! colors & int]m$iate t9ts t imag9ation c sugge/4 ,i d\bt :e!r !re is ano!r su* kaleidoscope 9 nature4 ,!re is app>5tly e gray f pure/ :ite to dull black1 e yell[ f lemon to deep orange1 e r$1 p9k1 & br[n4 ,^! t9ts dye ! rocks & s&s 9 spla%es & long transv]se /reaks :i* m]ge into a s+le joy\s exclamation 9 vivid color ^: r$ & yell[ acc5ts h some?+ ( ! ,ori5tal4 ,gre5s & blues are miss+ f ! dyes1 b are o!rwise suppli$4 ,! canyon is edg$ ) lodge-pole =e/s1 & gr[?s ( light] gre5s invade ! s&y slants1 at times ne>ly to ! fro?+ riv]2 & ! riv] is a *a9 ( em]alds & pe>ls4 ,blue completes ! color gamut f ! inv]t$ b[l ( sky4 ,no sket* ( ! canyon is complete )\t ! /ory ( ! great robb]y4 ,i am n ref]r+ to ! sev]al hold-ups ( ! old /age-coa* days1 b to a robb]y :i* occurr$ long be=e ! com+ ( man--! !ft ( ! wat]s ( ,yell[/one ,lake2 = ?is spl5did riv]1 ^! noble falls1 ?is incomp>able canyon1 are ! ill-gott5 products ( ! fir/ ( ,yell[/one's hold-ups4 ,orig9ally ,yell[/one ,lake 0 a hundr$ & sixty feet high] & v mu* l>g] ?an x is to-day4 ,x ext5d$ f ! headwat]s ( ! pres5t ,yell[/one ,riv]1 f> 9 ! s\?1 nor?w>d pa/ ! pres5t ,great ,fall & ,inspiration ,po9t4 ,x includ$ a l>ge "p ( :at is n[ kn[n z ! ,hayd5 ,valley4 ,at t "t ! ,cont95tal ,divide1 :i* n[ cuts ! s\?we/ corn] ( ! p>k1 encircl$ ! lake on its nor?1 & j across ! l[ divide 0 a small flat-ly+ /ream :i* dra9$ & /ill dra9s ! volcanic slopes lead+ d[n f ,dunrav5 ,peak & ,m\nt ,wa%burn4 ,?is small /ream1 kn[n z ,sulphur ,creek1 has ! honor1 or ! di%onor if y *oose1 ( be+ ! fir/ desp]ado ( ! ,yell[/one1 b "o s mu* great] ?an its two petty imitators ( human times t !re is no comp>ison ( misde$s4 ,sulphur ,creek /ole ! lake f ! ,snake ,riv] & us$ x to create ! ,yell[/one ,riv]1 :i* 9 turn creat$ ! wond]ful canyon4 ,"h at la/ is a crime 9 :i* all w agree t ! end ju/ifi$ ! means4 ,h[ ?is piracy 0 accompli%$ is writt5 on ! rocks2 ev5 ! =m] lake outlet into ! ,snake ,riv] is pla9ly disc]nible to-day4 ,at ! lake's nor? end1 :]e ! seep+ wat]s ( ,sulphur ,creek & ! edge ( ! lake ne>ly met on opposite sides ( :at 0 !n ! l[ flat divide1 x only requir$ "s slight di/urbance indirectly volcanic1 "s unaccu/om$ ris+ ( lake levels1 p]haps m]ely "s special /ress ( flood or /orm to make ! connection4 ,p]haps ! creek itself1 sapp+ back 9 ! s(t lava soils1 unaid$ f\nd ! lake4 ,connection once made1 ! mighty body ( lake wat] spe$ily deep5$ a *annel nor?w>d & ,sulphur ,creek became sure ( its po/]ity4 ,at t "t1 hidd5 "u ! lake's surface1 two rhyolite dikes1 or upright walls ( h>d] rock1 ext5d$ crosswise ?r\gh ! lake m ?an half a mile ap>t4 ,z ! lake-level fell1 ! ne>] ( ^! dikes em]g$ & divid$ ! wat]s into two lakes1 ! upp] ( :i* empti$ ov] ! dike into ! l[]4 ,?is 0 ! beg9n+ ( ! ,great ,fall4 ,& pres5tly1 z ! ,great ,fall cut its brea* deep] & deep] into ! re/ra9+ dike1 x l[]$ ! upp]-lake level until pres5tly ! o!r rhyolite dike em]g$ f ! surface c>ry+ ano!r cat>act4 ,& ?us began ! ,upp] ,fall4 ,meantime ! /ream bel[ kept digg+ deep] ! canyon ( ,sulphur ,creek1 & !re came a "t :5 ! l[] lake dra9$ :olly away4 ,9 its place 0 left a bottom-l& :i* is n[ a "p ( ! ,hayd5 ,valley1 &1 runn+ ?r\gh x1 a riv]4 ,=?) ?is riv] began scoop+1 f ! ,great ,fall to ,inspiration ,po9t1 ! sc5ic dit* :i* is _w-celebrat$ to-day z ! ,gr& ,canyon ( ! ,yell[/one4 ,,iv ,n[ imag9e ?is :ole sup]lative wild]ness heavily populat$ ) wild animals 9 a /ate ( normal liv+4 ,imag9e ?irty ?\s& elk1 = in/ance1 roam+ ab\t 9 b&s ( half a doz5 to half a ?\s&4 ,imag9e !m n fri5dly1 p]haps1 b fe>less1 ) t entire indiff]5ce :i* mo/ animals %[ to creatures :i* nei!r help nor h>m !m--z indiff]5t1 say1 z ! rabbits 9 y\r pa/ure or ! squirrels 9 y\r oak woods4 ,imag9e all ! wild animals1 except ! sneak+1 pr$atory k9d1 proportionally pl5tiful & simil>ly fe>less--be>1 antelope1 m\nta9-%eep1 de]1 bison1 ev5 moose 9 ! fa/nesses1 to say no?+ ( ! innum]able small] bea/s4 ,!re has be5 no hunt+ ( h>mless animals 9 ! ,yell[/one s9ce #ahid1 & ?is is "o result4 ,x is true t comp>atively few visitors see _m animals1 b t is ! fault ( _! ha/e or _! temp]am5t or _! inexp]i5ce ( nature4 ,"o mu/ seek 9 sympa?y to f9d4 ,te>+ ov] ! wild]ness roads 9 noisy motors smell+ ( gasol5e is n ! be/ way to f9d !m1 al?\gh ! elk & de] became indiff]5t to automobiles z soon z !y discov]$ !m h>mless4 ,"o may see !m n infrequ5tly f automobiles & (t5 f horse-drawn wagons2 & "o may see !m (t5 & intimately :o walks or rides horseback on ! trails4 ,! admission ( ! automobile to ,yell[/one roads *ang$ see+ conditions mat]ially4 ,9 five days ( quiet driv+ 9 #aiad ) ,colonel ,l4,m4 ,brett1 !n sup]9t5d5t ( ! p>k1 9 a direction opposite to ! /ages1 ,i saw m animals f my wagon-seat ?an ,i _h expect$ to see wild 9 all my life4 ,we saw be> half a doz5 times1 elk 9 numb]s1 black-tail$ & :ite-tail$ de] s frequ5tly t c\nt 0 lo/ ! second morn+1 f\r b&s ( antelope1 buffalo1 foxes1 coyotes1 & ev5 a bull moose4 ,once we /opp$ s z n to hurry a l>ge be> & two cubs :i* 7 leisurely cross+ ! road4 ,de] wat*$ u pass )9 a hundr$ y>ds4 ,elk graz$ at close qu>t]s1 & our "o bull moose oblig+ly ambl$ ahead ( u along ! road4 ,!re 0 nev] fe>1 nev] excitem5t 7except my own71 n ev5 ha/e4 ,ev5 ! accu/om$ horses no m ?an cock$ an e> or two :ile wait+ = ?ree wild be>s to get out ( ! middle ( ! road4 ,( c\rse sc5ic complet5ess is en\gh 9 itself to ju/ify ! exi/5ce ( ^! animals 9 ! m>vell\s wild]ness ( ! ,yell[/one4 ,_! pres5ce 9 normal abundance & _! calm at-hom5ess p]fects nature's spectacle4 ,9 ?is respect1 also1 ,yell[/one's unique place among ! national p>ks is secure4 ,! lessons ( ! ,yell[/one are pla94 ,x is n[ too late to re/ore else:]e ! great natural possession :i* ! ?\ghtless savag]y ( a =m] g5]ation de/roy$ 9 c>eless ru?1 b1 ?anks to ?is e>ly impulse ( cons]vation1 a f9e example /ill rema9s 9 ! ,yell[/one4 ,b x is n too late to oblit]ate :olly c]ta9 misconceptions by :i* t savag]y 0 !n ju/ifi$4 ,x is n too late to look ^u wild animals z fell[ h]itors ( ! e>?1 possess+ c]ta9 natural rights :i* m5 are glad r ?an b\nd to respect4 ,x is n too late to consid] !m1 ) birds & =e/s1 lakes1 riv]s1 seas1 & skies1 a "p ( nature's glori\s gift = man's manifold satisfaction1 a gift to c>efully cons]ve = ! /udy & enjoym5t ( to-day1 & to develop = ! uses ( l>g] & m appreciative g5]ations to come4 ,( c\rse if ?is be br\ght to univ]sal accompli%m5t 7& ! impulse has be5 advanc+ fa/ ( late71 x mu/ be ,yell[/one's "p to furni% ! exhibit1 = we h no o!r4 ,to _m ! mo/ surpris+ "p ( ,yell[/one's wild-animal message is man's immunity f hatr$ & h>m by pr$atory bea/s4 ,to "k t wild be>s if k9dly treat$ are n only h>mless b fri5dly1 t grizzlies w n attack except 9 self-def5se1 & t wolves1 wild cats1 & m\nta9-lions fly ) t in/9ctive dread :i* is man's dep5dable protection1 may de/roy c]ta9 romantic illusions ( y\? & discr$it ! obs]vation if n ! consci\s v]ity ( _m an hone/ hunt]2 b x imp>ts a mod]n sci5tific fact :i* sets ! :ole wild-animal "q 9 a new light4 ,9 e case ( assault by be>s :]e complete evid5ce has be5 obta9able1 ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,biological ,survey1 aft] fulle/ inve/igation1 has exon]at$ ! be>2 he has always be5 attack$ or has _h reason to believe himself attack$4 ,9 m ?an ?irty summ]s ( field-"w ,v]non ,bailey1 ,*ief ,field-,naturali/ ( ! ,biological ,survey1 has slept on ! gr\nd )\t fires or o!r protection1 & frequ5tly 9 ! morn+ f\nd tracks ( inve/igat+ pr$atory bea/s4 ,!re are reports b no records ( human be+s kill$ by wolves or m\nta9-lions 9 ,am]ica4 ,yet1 = ye>s1 all reports susceptible ( pro( h be5 (ficially inve/igat$4 ,"o ( ,yell[/one's sev]al manife/ de/9ies is to become ! well-patroniz$ ,am]ican s*ool ( wild-life /udy4 ,already1 f its abundance1 x is supply+ wild animals to help 9 ! long & difficult task ( re/or+ "h & !re1 to national p>ks & o!r favorable localities1 /ocks :i* exi/$ be=e ! great slaught]4 ,v ,?irty miles s\? ( ?is roll+ volcanic int]lude ! pri/9e ,rockies1 z if 9 %ame ( _! mom5t ( gorge\s s(tness1 re> 9 contra/ _! %>pe/ & mo/ h]oic monum5t ( bri/l+ granite4 ,sc>cely ov] ! p>k's s\!rn b\nd>y1 ! foo?ills ( ! ,teton ,m\nta9s swell g5tly t[>d _! ,go?ic climax4 ,! c\ntry op5s & r\gh5s4 ,! excell5t road1 :i* makes ,jackson's ,hole a practical "p ( ! ,yell[/one pleasure-gr\nd1 w9ds ?r\gh a roll+1 p>tly wood$ graz+-gr\nd ( elk & de]4 ,! "t 0 :5 ^! wild h]ds made liv+ possible = ! nation's hunt$ desp]adoes1 = ,jackson's ,hole 0 ! la/ refuge to yield to law & ord]4 ,at ! climax ( ?is sudd5 granite prote/1 ! ,gr& ,teton rises #g1jad feet 9 seem+ %e]ness f ,jackson ,lake to its total altitude ( #ac1gdg feet4 ,to its "r is ,m\nt ,moran1 a mon/] only less4 ,! o!rs1 clu/]+ ar\nd !m1 h no names4 ,all toge!r1 !y are few & gr\p$ l ! units ( "s fabul\s b>b>ic /ronghold4 ,fitt$ by size & maje/y to be ! climax ( a mighty range1 ! ,tetons conc5trate _! all 9 ?is "o giant gr\p4 ,quickly1 nor? & s\?1 !y subside & pass4 ,!y are a granite isl& 9 a sea ( pla94 ,se5 across ! lake a doz5 miles :i* seem b ?ree1 ^! clu/]$ /eepl$ temples rise %e] f ! wat]4 ,_! flanks are sn[-/reak$ /ill 9 ,augu/1 _! %\ld]s hung ) glaci]s1 _! spires b>e & %9+4 ,a great] contra/ to ! l& f :i* we came & to :i* we pres5tly return _c be imag9$4 ,geologically1 ! two h no?+ 9 common4 ,sc5ically1 ! ,tetons set (f & complete ! spectacle ( ! ,yell[/one4 ,illu/ration3 ,f a photograph by ,*>les ,d4 ,walcott ,,! ,,teton ,,m\nta9 ,,f ,,jackson ,,hole1 ,,s\? ,,( ,,yell[/one ,illu/ration3 ,f a photograph by ,haynes ,,! ,,lava ,,l&scape ,,( ,,! ,,yell[/one ,,& ,,gibbon ,,falls ,,xi ,,?ree ,,mon/]s ,,( ,,hawaii ,,hawaii ,,national ,,p>k1 ,,hawaiian ,,isl&s4 ,,area1 #aah ,,squ>e ,,miles ,if ?is *apt] is conf9$ to ! ?ree volcano tops :i* ,congress res]v$ on ! isl&s ( ,hawaii & ,maui 9 #aiag1 wond]ful ?\gh ^! are1 x w describe a small "p inde$ ( ! wide range ( novelty1 *>m1 & beauty :i* w fall to ! lot ( ^? :o visit ! ,hawaii ,national ,p>k4 ,"o ( ! great advantages enjoy$ by ?is national p>k1 z inde$ by ,m\nt ,mc,kinley's1 is its location 9 a surr\nd+ ( entire novelty1 s t 9 addition to ! object ( 8 visit1 itself s supremely wor? :ile1 ! travell] has also ! pleasure ( a trip abroad4 ,9 novelty at lea/ ! ,hawaii ,national ,p>k has ! advantage ov] ! ,alaskan p>k because x involves ! life & sc5]y ( ! tropics4 ,we c f9d sn[-cr[n$ m\nta9s & w9d+ glaci]s at home1 b n equatorial jungles1 s&alwood groves1 & surf-rid+4 ,enorm\s z ?is elem5t ( *>m unque/ionably is1 ?is is n ! place to s+ ! pleasures ( ! ,hawaiian ,isl&s4 ,_! palm-fr+$ horizons1 surf-edg$ coral reefs1 tropical =e/s & g>d5s1 plantations ( p9eapple & sug>-cane are z celebrat$ z _! ra9b[s1 e>?quakes1 & graceful girls danc+ "u tropical />s to ! languor\s ukelele4 ,illu/ration3 ,,map ,,( ,,hawaii ,,national ,,p>k ,leav+ ^! & k9dr$ spectacles to ! /eam%ip circul>s & ! libr>y %elf1 x is our "p to note t ! ,hawaii ,national ,p>k possesses ! f\r? l>ge/ volcanic crat] 9 ! _w1 ^: aspect at sunrise is "o ( ! _w's fam\s spectacles1 ! l>ge/ active volcano 9 ! _w1 & a lake ( turbul5t1 gl[+1 molt5 lava1 ! ,h\se ( ,ev]la/+ ,fire1 :i* fills ! behold] ) awe4 ,x 0 n at all1 !n1 ! g5tle poetic aspects ( ! ,hawaiian ,isl&s :i* l$ ,congress to create a national p>k !re1 ?\gh ^! =m its romantic1 contra/$ sett+4 ,x 0 ! extraord9>y volcanic exhibit1 t comb9ation ( ?rill+ spectacles ( ,nature's colossal p[] :i* = ye>s h drawn travell]s f ! f\r qu>t]s ( ! e>?4 ,! ,hawaii ,national ,p>k includes ! summits ( ,haleakala1 on ! isl& ( ,maui1 & ,mauna ,loa & ,kilauea1 on ! isl& ( ,hawaii4 ,spa9 claims ! discov]y ( ^! delectable isles by ,juan ,gaetano1 9 #aeee1 b _! =mal discov]y & exploration fell to ! lot ( ,capta9 ,james ,cook1 9 #aggh4 ,! ,hawaiians ?\ght him a god & load$ him ) ! treasures ( ! isl&s1 b on 8 return ! foll[+ ye> 8 illness & ! conduct ( 8 crew a%ore disillusion$ !m2 !y kill$ him & burn$ 8 fle%1 b _! prie/s deifi$ 8 bones1 nev]!less4 ,p>ts ( ^! 7 recov]$ lat] & a monum5t 0 erect$ ov] !m4 ,!n civil w>s rag$ until all ! tribes 7 conqu]$1 at ! end ( ! eighte5? c5tury1 by "o *iefta91 ,kamehameha1 :o became k+4 ,8 desc5dants reign$ until #ahgd :51 ! old royal l9e dy+ out1 ,kalakaua 0 elect$ 8 successor4 ,f ?is "t ! end ha/5$4 ,a treaty ) ! ,unit$ ,/ates c$$ ,pe>l ,h>bor z a coal+-/ation & ent]$ ,am]ican goods free ( duty1 9 return = :i* ,hawaiian sug> & a few o!r products ent]$ ! ,unit$ ,/ates free4 ,?is e/abli%$ ! sug> indu/ry on a l>ge & p]man5t scale & br\ght labor]s f ,*9a1 ,japan1 ! ,azores1 & ,madeira4 ,m ?an t5 ?\s& ,portuguese migrat$ to ! isl&s1 & ! native population began a comp>ative decrease :i* /ill cont9ues4 ,aft] ,kalakaua's dea?1 8 si/] ,liliuokalani succe$+ him 9 #ahia1 ! drift to ! ,unit$ ,/ates became rapid4 ,:5 ,presid5t ,clevel& refus$ to annex ! isl&s1 a republic 0 =m$ 9 #ahid1 b ! dang] f ,japanese immigration became s imm95t t 9 #ahih1 dur+ ! ,spani%-,am]ican ,w>1 ,presid5t ,mc,kinley yield$ to ! ,hawaiian reque/ & ! isl&s 7 annex$ to ! ,unit$ ,/ates by resolution ( ,congress4 ,! sett+ = ! picture ( our isl&-p>k w be complete ) sev]al facts ab\t its physical orig94 ,! ,hawaiian ,isl&s rose f ! sea 9 a s]ies ( volcanic eruptions4 ,orig9ally1 d\btless1 ! great] isl&s 7 simple cones emitt+ lava1 a%1 & smoke1 :i* coral gr[?s aft]w>d enl>g$ & enri*$4 ,kauai 0 ! fir/ to develop habitable conditions1 & ! isl& s\!a/ ( x foll[$ 9 ord]4 ,eight ( ! twelve are n[ habitable4 ,! mo/ ea/]n isl& ( ! gr\p is ,hawaii4 ,x is also mu* ! l>ge/4 ,?is has ?ree volcanoes4 ,mauna ,loa1 greate/ ( ! ?ree1 & also ! greate/ volcanic mass 9 ! _w1 is ne>ly ! c5tre ( ! isl&2 ,kilauea lies a few miles ea/ ( x2 ! summits ( bo? are includ$ 9 ! national p>k4 ,mauna ,kea1 a volcanic cone ( great beauty 9 ! nor? c5tre ( ! isl&1 =m+ a triangle ) ! o!r two1 is n a "p ( ! national p>k4 ,nor?we/ ( ,hawaii across sixty miles or m ( salt wat] is ! isl& ( ,maui1 second l>ge/ ( ! gr\p4 ,9 its s\!rn "p rises ! di/+ui%$ volcano ( ,haleakala1 ^: summit & _w-fam\s crat] is ! ?ird memb] ( ! national p>k4 ,! o!r habit$ isl&s1 9 ord] we/w>d1 are ,kahoolawe1 ,lanai1 ,molokai1 ,oahu1 ,kauai1 & ,niihau2 no portions ( ^! are includ$ 9 ! p>k4 ,kahoolawe1 ,lanai1 & ,niihau are mu* ! smalle/ ( ! gr\p4 ,,haleakala ,( ! ?ree volcanic summits :i* conc]n u1 ,haleakala is ne>e/ ! pr9cipal port ( ,honolulu1 ?\gh n always ! fir/ visit$4 ,its slopes ne>ly fill ! s\!rn half ( ! isl& ( ,maui4 ,! popul> translation ( ! "n ,haleakala is ,! ,h\se ( ! ,sun2 lit]ally ! ^w means ,! ,h\se ,built by ! ,sun4 ,! volcano is a mon/] ( m ?an t5 ?\s& feet1 :i* be>s ^u its summit a crat] ( a size & beauty t make x "o ( ! _w's %[-places4 ,?is crat] is sev5 & a half miles long by two & a ?ird miles wide4 ,only ?ree kn[n crat]s exce$ ,haleakala's 9 size4 ,aso san1 ! mon/] crat] ( ,japan1 l>ge/ by f> 9 ! _w1 is f\rte5 miles long by t5 wide & conta9s _m f>ms4 ,lago di ,bols5o1 9 ,italy1 next 9 size1 measures eight & a half by sev5 & a half miles2 & ,monte ,albano1 also 9 ,italy1 eight by sev5 miles4 ,ex*ang+ y\r automobile = a saddle-horse at ! volcano's foot1 y sp5d ! aft]noon 9 ! asc5t4 ,wond]ful inde$1 look+ back1 is ! gr[+ arc ( plantation & sea1 isl&s gr[+ ^u ! horizon1 ,mauna ,kea & ,mauna ,loa lift+ di/ant sn[-tipp$ peaks4 ,y sp5d ! night 9 a re/-h\se on ! rim ( ! crat]1 b n until y h se5 ! spectacle ( sunset2 & 9 ! gray ( ! morn+ y are summon$ to ! supreme spectacle ( sunrise4 ,?\s&s h cross$ seas = ,haleakala's sunrise4 ,t fir/ view ( ! crat] f ! rim is "o nev] to be =gott54 ,its floor lies two ?\s& feet bel[1 an enorm\s ra9less1 roll+ pla9 f :i* rise ?irte5 volcanic cones1 clean-cut1 z regul> 9 =m z c>v5 ?+s4 ,sev]al ( ^! are sev5 hundr$ feet 9 height4 ,x mu/ h be5 awe-inspir+1 writes ,ca/le1 :5 its cones 7 sp\t+ fire1 & riv]s ( sc>let molt5 lava crawl$ along ! floor4 ,! /illness ( ?is spot emphasizes its emotional effect4 ,a ^w spok5 ord9>ily l\d is l a %\t4 ,y c he> ! foot/eps ( ! goats f> d[n ^u ! crat] floor4 ,^u ?is floor gr[ plants kn[n n[h]e else2 !y are fam\s "u ! "n ( ,silv] ,swords--yucca-l gr[?s ?ree or f\r feet high ^: droop+ filam5ts ( bloom gleam l poli%$ silv] /ilettos4 ,:5 ,m>k ,twa9 saw ! crat]1 vagrant :ite cl\ds came drift+ along1 high ov] ! sea & valley2 !n !y came 9 c\ples & gr\ps2 !n 9 impos+ squadrons2 gradually jo9+ _! =ces1 !y bank$ !mselves solidly toge!r a ?\s& feet "u u & totally %ut out l& & ocean2 n a ve/ige ( any?+ 0 left 9 view1 b j a little ( ! rim ( ! crat] circl+ away f ! p9nacle :]eon we sat1 = a gho/ly procession ( w&]]s f ! filmy ho/s )\t _h drift$ ?r\gh a *asm 9 ! crat] wall & fil$ r\nd & r\nd1 & ga!r$ & sunk & bl5d$ toge!r till ! abyss 0 /or$ to ! brim ) a fleecy fog4 ,?us bank$1 motion ceas$1 & sil5ce reign$4 ,cle> to ! horizon1 league on league1 ! sn[y folds1 ) %all[ creases betwe51 & ) "h & !re /ately piles ( vapory ar*itecture lift+ !mselves al(t out ( ! common pla9--"s ne> at h&1 "s 9 ! middle di/ances1 & o!rs reliev+ ! monotony ( ! remote solitudes4 ,!re 0 little conv]sation1 = ! impressive sc5e ov]aw$ spee*4 ,i felt l ! ,la/ ,man1 neglect$ ( ! judgm5t1 & left p9nacl$ 9 mid-heav51 a =gott5 relic ( a vani%$ _w4 ,! extraord9>y p]fection ( ?is des]t crat] is probably due to two causes4 ,v5ts :i* tapp$ x f> d[n ! volcano's flanks prev5t$ its fill+ ) molt5 lava2 abs5ce ( ra9 has pres]v$ its walls intact & sav$ its pri/9e beauty f ! defacem5t ( erosion4 ,haleakala has its leg5d1 & ?is ,jack ,london has sift$ to its elem5ts & giv5 u 9 ,! ,cruise ( ! ,sn>k4 ,i quote3 ,x is told t long ago1 "o ,maui1 ! son ( ,h9a1 liv$ on :at is n[ kn[n z ,we/ ,maui4 ,8 "m1 ,h9a1 employ$ h] "t 9 ! mak+ ( kapas4 ,%e mu/ h made !m at night1 = h] days 7 occupi$ 9 try+ to dry ! kapas4 ,ea* morn+1 & all morn+1 %e toil$ at spread+ !m out 9 ! sun4 ,b no soon] 7 !y out ?an %e began tak+ !m 9 9 ord] to h !m all "u %elt] = ! night4 ,= "k t ! days 7 %ort] !n ?an n[4 ,maui wat*$ 8 "m's futile toil & felt sorry = h]4 ,he decid$ to d some?+--oh1 no1 n to help h] hang out & take 9 ! kapas4 ,he 0 too clev] = t4 ,8 idea 0 to make ! sun g sl[]4 ,p]haps he 0 ! fir/ ,hawaiian a/ronom]4 ,at any rate1 he took a s]ies ( obs]vations ( ! sun f v>i\s p>ts ( ! isl&4 ,8 conclusion 0 t ! sun's pa? 0 directly across ,haleakala4 ,unlike ,jo%ua1 he /ood 9 no ne$ ( div9e assi/ance4 ,he ga!r$ a huge quantity ( cocoanuts1 f ! fibre ( :i* he braid$ a /\t cord1 & 9 "o end ( :i* he made a noose1 ev5 z ! c[boys ( ,haleakala d to ?is day4 ,next he climb$ into ! ,h\se ( ! ,sun4 ,:5 ! sun came te>+ along ! pa?1 b5t on complet+ its j\rney 9 ! %orte/ "t possible1 ! valiant y\? ?rew 8 l>iat ar\nd "o ( ! sun's l>ge/ & /ronge/ beams4 ,he made ! sun sl[ d[n "s2 also1 he broke ! beam %ort (f4 ,& he kept on rop+ & break+ (f beams till ! sun said x 0 will+ to li/5 to reason4 ,maui set =? 8 t]ms ( peace1 :i* ! sun accept$1 agree+ to g m sl[ly !reaft]4 ,:]e=e ,h9a _h ample "t 9 :i* to dry h] kapas1 & ! days are long] ?an !y us$ to be1 :i* la/ is q 9 accord ) ! tea*+s ( mod]n a/ronomy4 ,,mauna ,,loa ,sixty miles s\? ( ,maui1 ,hawaii1 l>ge/ ( ! isl& gr\p1 conta9s ! two rema9+ p>ts ( our national p>k4 ,f e po9t ( view ,mauna ,loa & ,mauna ,kea1 bo? sn[-cr[n$ mon/]s approa*+ f\rte5 ?\s& feet ( altitude1 dom9ate ! isl&4 ,b ,mauna ,kea is n a "p ( ! national p>k2 ,kilauea1 ( less ?an a ?ird its height1 %>es t honor ) ,mauna ,loa4 ,( ! two1 ,kilauea is mu* ! old]1 & d\btless 0 a conspicu\s figure 9 ! old l&scape4 ,x has be5 l>gely absorb$ 9 ! imm5se swell+ bulk ( ,mauna ,loa1 :i*1 spr++ lat] f ! isl& soil ne> by1 no d\bt div]t+ ,kilauea's v5ts f> bel[ sea-level1 has sprawl$ ov] _m miles4 ,s ne>ly has ! y\ng] absorb$ ! old]1 t ,kilauea's fam\s pit ( molt5 lava seems almo/ to lie ^u ,mauna ,loa's slope4 ,mauna ,loa so>s #ac1fge feet4 ,its sn[y dome %>es ) ,mauna ,kea1 :i* rises ev5 high]1 ! summit honors ( ! isl&s4 ,f ,hilo1 ! pr9cipal port ( ! isl& ( ,hawaii1 ,mauna ,loa sugge/s ! back ( a levia?an1 its body hidd5 9 ! mi/s4 ,! way up1 ?r\gh =e/s ( anci5t mahogany & tangles ( giant tree-f]n1 !n up _m miles ( lava slopes1 is "o ( ! inspir+ t\rs 9 ! m\nta9 _w4 ,! summit crat]1 ,mokuawe[eo1 ?ree-qu>t]s ( a mile long by a qu>t] mile wide1 is z spectacul> 9 action z t ( ,kilauea4 ,?is enorm\s volcanic mass has gr[n ( its own output 9 comp>atively a %ort "t4 ,= _m decades x has be5 extraord9>ily frequ5t 9 eruption4 ,e five or t5 ye>s x gets into action ) viol5ce1 sometimes at ! summit1 (t5] ( rec5t ye>s s9ce ! c5tral v5t has l5g!n$1 at weak5$ places on its sides4 ,few volcanoes h be5 s regul>ly & sy/ematically /udi$4 ,,kilauea ,! mo/ spectacul> exhibit ( ! ,hawaii ,national ,p>k is ! lake ( fire 9 ! crat] ( ,kilauea4 ,kilauea is unusual among volcanoes4 ,x foll[s few ( ! popul> conceptions4 ,old] ?an ! t[]+ ,mauna ,loa1 its height is only f\r ?\s& feet4 ,its lavas h f\nd v5ts ?r\gh its flanks1 :i* !y h broad5$ & flatt5$4 ,d\btless its own lavas h help$ ,mauna ,loa's to m]ge ! two m\nta9s into "o4 ,x is no long] explosive l ! usual volcano2 s9ce #agij1 :5 x de/roy$ a native army1 x has eject$ nei!r rocks nor a%es4 ,its crat] is no long] def9itely b[l-%ap$4 ,f ! middle ( a broad flat pla91 :i* really is :at is left ( ! anci5t great crat]1 drops a pit ) v]tical sides )9 :i* boil its lavas4 ,illu/ration3 ,f a photograph copyright by ,e4,m4 ,newman ,,! ,,kilauea ,,pit ,,( ,,fire1 ,,hawaii ,,national ,,p>k ,photograph$ at night by ! light ( its flam+ lava ,illu/ration3 ,f a photograph copyright by ,newman ,travel ,talks & ,br[n & ,dawson ,,)9 ,,! ,,crat] ,,( ,,kilauea ,! pit1 ! lake ( fire1 is ,halemaumau1 commonly translat$ ,! ,h\se ( ,ev]la/+ ,fire2 ! correct translation is ,! ,h\se ( ! ,maumau ,f]n1 ^: leaf is twi/$ & contort$ l "s =ms ( lava4 ,two miles & a little m f ,halemaumau1 on a "p ( ! anci5t crat] wall1 /&s ! ,hawaiian ,volcano ,obs]vatory1 :i* is "u ! control ( ! ,massa*usetts ,in/itute ( ,te*nology4 ,! obs]vatory 0 built = ! special purpose ( /udy+ ! pit ( fire1 ! ris+s & fall+s ( ^: lavas be> a relation%ip t[>d ! volcanism ( ,mauna ,loa :i* is sci5tifically important1 b :i* we ne$ n discuss "h4 ,! travell] ent]s ,hawaii by /eam] ?r\gh ,hilo4 ,he rea*es ! rim ( ,kilauea by automobile1 an inspir+ run ( ?irty-"o miles ov] a road ( volcanic glass1 bord]$ ) vegetation /range to eyes accu/om$ only to t ( ! temp]ate zone--brilliant hibiscus1 native h>dwood trees ) fea!ry pompons = blossoms1 & ! giant f]ns :i* t[] ov]head4 ,on ! rim are ! hotels & ! obs]vatory4 ,/eam-jets em]ge at int]vals1 & hot sulphur banks exhibit ri* yell[s4 ,f !re ! way desc5ds to ! floor ( ! crat] & unrolls a ribbon ( fl[]-bord]$ road sev5 miles long to ! pit ( fire4 ,by trail1 ! di/ance is only two miles & a half across long /ret*es ( h>d lava congeal$ 9 ropes & ripples & /range contortions4 ,:]e else is a spectacle "o-t5? z appall+ s com=tably & quickly rea*$8 ,halemaumau is an irregul> pit a ?\s& feet long ) p]p5dicul> sides4 ,its dep? v>ies4 ,sometimes "o looks hundr$s ( feet d[n to ! boil+ surface2 sometimes its lavas ov]run ! top4 ,! fumes ( sulphur are v /rong1 ) ! w9d 9 y\r face4 ,at ^! times1 too1 ! air is extremely hot4 ,!re are cracks 9 ! surr\nd+ lava :]e y c scor* pap] or cook a beef/eak4 ,_m h be5 ! attempts to describe x4 ,n hav+ se5 x myself1 ,i quote two "h2 "o a c>eful picture by a close /ud5t ( ! spectacle1 ,mr4 ,william ,r4 ,ca/le1 ,jr41 ( ,honolulu2 ! o!r a rapid sket* by ,m>k ,twa94 ,by daylight1 writes ,ca/le1 ! lake ( fire is a gre5i%-yell[1 cut ) ragg$ cracks ( r$ t look l pale /reaks ( /ation>y lightn+ across its surface4 ,x is re/less1 brea?+ rapidly1 bubbl+ up at "o po9t & s9k+ d[n 9 ano!r2 ?r[+ up sudd5 f\nta9s ( sc>let molt5 lava t play a few m9utes & subside1 leav+ %imm]+ m\nds :i* gradually settle to ! level surface ( ! lake1 turn+ br[n & yell[ z !y s9k4 ,b z ! daylight fades ! fires ( ! pit %9e m brightly4 ,mauna ,loa1 beh9d1 becomes a pale1 gray-blue1 insub/antial dome1 & ov]head />s beg9 to appe>4 ,z d>kness comes ! colors on ! lake gr[ s int5se t !y almo/ hurt4 ,! fire is n only r$2 x is blue & purple & orange & gre54 ,blue flames %imm] & d>t ab\t ! edges ( ! pit1 back & =? across ! surface ( ! re/less mass4 ,sudd5 f\nta9s pa9t blood-r$ ! great plume ( sulphur smoke t rises con/antly1 to drift away across ! poison$ des]t ( ,kau4 ,sometimes ! spurts ( lava are s viol5t1 s exagg]at$ by ! night1 t "o draws back t]rifi$ le/ "s atom ( _! molt5 sub/ance %\ld spatt] ov] ! edge ( ! precipice4 ,sometimes ! :ole lake is 9 motion4 ,waves ( fire toss & battle ) ea* o!r & da% 9 cl\ds ( bright v]milion spray aga9/ ! black sides ( ! pit4 ,sometimes "o ( ^! sides falls 9 ) a ro> t e*oes back & =?1 & mighty rocks are swall[$ 9 ! liquid mass ( fire t closes ov] !m 9 a :irlpool1 l wat] ov] a s9k+ %ip4 ,aga9 ev]y?+ is quiet1 a ?ick scum =ms ov] ! surface ( ! lake1 dead1 l ! scum on ! surface ( a lonely =e/ pool4 ,!n x %iv]s4 ,fla%es ( fire d>t f side to side4 ,! c5tre bur/s op5 & a huge f\nta9 ( lava tw5ty feet ?ick & fifty high1 /reams into ! air & plays = sev]al m9utes1 waves ( bl9d+ fire fl[+ out f x1 da%+ aga9/ ! sides until ! black rocks are />r$ all ov] ) bits ( sc>let4 ,to ! spectator !re is1 ?r\gh x all1 no s5se ( fe>4 ,s int5se1 s trem5d\s is ! spectacle t silly little human feel+s f9d no place4 ,all s5sations are subm]g$ 9 a s5se ( awe4 ,m>k ,twa9 gaz$ into ,halemaumau's t]rify+ dep?s4 ,x look$1 he writes1 l a colossal railroad-map ( ! ,/ate ( ,massa*usetts done 9 *a9 lightn+ on a midnight sky4 ,imag9e x--imag9e a coal-black sky %iv]$ into a tangl$ network ( angry fire6 ,"h & !re 7 gleam+ holes a hundr$ feet 9 diamet]1 brok5 9 ! d>k cru/1 & 9 !m ! melt$ lava--! color a dazzl+ :ite j t+$ ) yell[--0 boil+ & surg+ furi\sly2 & f ^! holes bran*$ numb]less bright torr5ts 9 _m directions1 l ! spokes ( a :eel1 & kept a tol]ably /raight c\rse = a :ile & !n swept r\nd 9 huge ra9b[ curves1 or made a long succession ( %>p worm-f5ce angles1 :i* look$ precisely l ! fi]ce/ jagg$ lightn+4 ,^? /reams met o!r /reams1 & !y m+l$ ) & cross$ & recross$ ea* o!r 9 e conceivable direction1 l skate-tracks on a popul> skat+-gr\nd4 ,sometimes /reams tw5ty or ?irty feet wide fl[$ f ! holes to "s di/ance )\t divid+--& ?r\gh ! op]a-glasses we c\ld see t !y ran d[n small1 /eep hills & 7 g5u9e cat>acts ( fire1 :ite at _! s\rce1 b soon cool+ & turn+ to ! ri*e/ r$1 gra9$ ) alt]nate l9es ( black & gold4 ,e n[ & !n masses ( ! d>k cru/ broke away & float$ sl[ly d[n ^! /reams l rafts d[n a riv]4 ,occasionally1 ! molt5 lava fl[+ "u ! sup]9cumb5t cru/ broke ?r\gh--split a dazzl+ /reak1 f five hundr$ to a ?\s& feet long1 l a sudd5 fla% ( lightn+1 & !n acre aft] acre ( ! cold lava p>t$ into fragm5ts1 turn$ up edgewise l cakes ( ice :5 a great riv] breaks up1 plung$ d[nw>d1 & 7 swall[$ 9 ! crimson caldron4 ,!n ! wide expanse ( ! '?aw' ma9ta9$ a ruddy gl[ = a :ile1 b %ortly cool$ & became black & level aga94 ,dur+ a '?aw' e dismemb]$ cake 0 m>k$ by a glitt]+ :ite bord] :i* 0 sup]bly %ad$ inw>d by aurora borealis rays1 :i* 7 a flam+ yell[ :]e !y jo9$ ! :ite bord]1 & f !nce t[>d _! po9ts tap]$ into gl[+ crimson1 !n into a ri*1 pale c>m9e1 & f9ally into a fa9t blu% t held its own a mom5t & !n dimm$ & turn$ black4 ,"s ( ! /reams pref]r$ to m+le toge!r 9 a tangle ( fanta/ic circles1 & !n !y look$ some?+ l ! confusion ( ropes "o sees on a %ip's deck :5 %e has j tak5 9 sail & dropp$ an*or--provid$ "o c imag9e ^? ropes on fire4 ,?r\gh ! glasses1 ! little f\nta9s scatt]$ ab\t look$ v beautiful4 ,!y boil$1 & c\gh$1 & splutt]$1 & dis*>g$ sprays ( /r+y r$ fire--( ab\t ! consi/5cy ( mu%1 = in/ance--f t5 to fifte5 feet into ! air1 along ) a %[] ( brilliant :ite sp>ks--a qua9t & unnatural m+l+ ( g\ts ( blood & sn[flakes4 ,"o c desc5d ! sides & approa* surpris+ly close to ! flam+ surface1 ! temp]ature ( :i*1 by ! way1 is #agej degrees ,fahr5heit4 ,su* is ,! ,h\se ( ,ev]la/+ ,fire to-day4 ,b :o c say :at x w be a ye> or a decade h5ce8 ,a clogg+ or a %ift+ ( ! v5ts bel[ sea-level1 & ,kilauea's lake ( fire may become aga9 explosive4 ,:o w d5y t ,kilauea may n so> ev5 above ,mauna ,loa8 ,/rang] ?+s h happ5$ be=e ?is 9 ! ,isl&s ( ,surprise4 ,,! ,,s$im5t>y ,,national ,,p>ks ,,xii ,,on ,,s$im5t>y ,,rock ,,9 ,,sc5]y ,! national p>ks :i* are wr\ght 9 s$im5t>y rocks are ,glaci]1 ,mesa ,v]de1 ,hot ,spr+s1 ,platt1 ,w9d ,cave1 ,sully's ,hill1 & ,gr& ,canyon4 ,zion ,national ,monum5t is c>v$ f s$im5t>y rock2 also sev]al di/+ui%$ res]vations 9 our s\?we/ :i* cons]ve natural bridges & petrifi$ =e/s4 ,s$im5t>y rocks h highly attractive sc5ic quality4 ,ly+ 9 /rata usually horizontal b (t5 incl9$ by e>? movem5ts1 sometimes ev5 /&+ on end1 !y =m m>k$ & pleas+ contra/s ) ! heavy mass+ ( ! igne\s rocks & ! graceful undulations & occasional %>p-po9t$ summits ( ! lavas4 ,z di/+ui%$ f igne\s rocks1 :i* =m "u pressure 9 ! e>?'s hot int]ior1 & f lava1 :i* results f volcanic eruption :5 fluid igne\s rocks are releas$ f pressure1 s$im5t>y rocks are =m$ by ! solidification ( precipitations 9 wat]1 l lime/one2 or f mat]ial result+ f rock dis9tegrations wa%$ d[n by /reams1 l s&/one & %ale4 ,! b$s 9 :i* !y lie "o above ano!r exhibit a wide range ( t9t & texture1 (t5 =m+ spectacles ( surpass+ beauty & gr&eur4 ,^! /rata t5d to cleave v]tically1 sometimes produc+ an appe>ance sugge/ive ( masonry1 frequ5tly =m+ impressive cliffs2 b (t5 !y lie 9 unbrok5 b$s ( great area4 ,:5 a numb] ( well-def9$ /rata cleave v]tically1 & "o end ( ! s]ies sags bel[ ! o!r1 or lifts above x1 ! process :i* geologi/s call fault+1 ! sc5ic effect is v>i$ & /rik+2 sometimes1 z 9 ,glaci] ,national ,p>k1 x is puzzl+ & amaz+4 ,_m granitic & volcanic l&scapes are v>iegat$ 9 places by accid5tal b$s ( s$im5t>y rock2 & conv]sely occasional s$im5t>y l&scapes are set (f by intrusions ( igne\s rocks4 ,besides v>iety ( =m1 s$im5t>y rocks furni% a wide range ( color d]iv$ f m9]al dyes dissolv$ out ( rocks by erosion4 ,! gorge\s t9t ( ! ,v]milion ,cliff 9 ,utah & ,arizona1 ! r$s & gre5s ( ! ,gr& ,canyon & ,glaci] ,national ,p>k1 ! gl[+ cliffs ( ! ,canyon de ,*elly1 & ! v>iegat$ hues ( ! ,pa9t$ ,des]t are examples :i* h become celebrat$4 ,geologi/s di/+ui% _m k9ds ( s$im5t>y rocks4 ,sc5ically1 we ne$ consid] only f\r3 lime/one1 conglom]ate1 s&/one1 & %ale4 ,lime/one is calcium c>bonate d]iv$ pr9cipally f sea-wat]1 sometimes f fre% wat]1 ei!r by ! action ( microscopic organisms :i* absorb x = _! %ells1 or occasionally by direct precipitation f saturat$ solutions4 ,! s$im5t f organisms1 :i* is ! pr9cipal s\rce ( ,am]ican sc5ic lime/ones1 collects z ooze 9 %all[ lakes or seas1 & sl[ly h>d5s :5 lift$ above ! wat]-level4 ,lime/one is a common & prom95t sc5ic rock2 g5]ally x is gray or blue & wea!rs pale yell[4 ,moi/ure seep+ 9 f above (t5 r$uces soluble m9]als :i* dra9 away1 leav+ caves :i* sometimes h enorm\s size4 ,! o!r s$im5t>y rocks :i* figure prom95tly 9 l&scape are products ( l& erosion :i* riv]s sweep into seas or lakes1 :]e !y are promptly deposit$4 ,! co>se gravels :i* naturally fall fir/ become conglom]ate :5 cem5t$ by ! action ( *emicals 9 wat]4 ,! f9] s&y p>ticles become s&/one4 ,! f9e mud1 :i* deposits la/1 ev5tually h>d5s into %ale4 ,%ale has _m v>ieties1 b is pr9cipally h>d5$ clay2 x t5ds to split into slate-l plates ea* ! ?ickness ( its orig9al deposit4 ,x is usually dull br[n or slate color1 b sometimes1 z 9 ,glaci] ,national ,p>k & ! ,gr& ,canyon1 %[s a v>iety ( m or less brilliant colors &1 by wea!r+1 a wide v>iety ( k9dr$ t9ts4 ,s&/one1 :i* =ms :]ev] mov+ wat] or w9d has collect$ s&s1 & pressure or *emical action has cem5t$ !m1 is usually buff1 b sometimes is brilliantly color$4 ,! processes ( ,nature h mix$ ! e>?'s sc5ic elem5ts 9 seem+ly inextricable confusion1 & ! task ( ! geologi/ has be5 colossal4 ,=tunately = u1 ! elem5ts ( sc5]y are few1 & _! l>g] comb9ations broad & simple4 ,once ! m9d has grasp$ ! outl9e & ! processes1 & ! eye has le>n$ to di/+ui% elem5ts & recognize =ms1 ! _w is recreat$ = u4 ,,xiii ,,glaci]$ ,,peaks ,,& ,,pa9t$ ,,%ales ,,glaci] ,,national ,,p>k1 ,,nor?we/]n ,,montana4 ,,area1 #a1ecd ,,squ>e ,,miles ,i ,to say t ,glaci] ,national ,p>k is ! ,canadian ,rockies done 9 ,gr& ,canyon colors is to express a small "p ( a complicat$ fact4 ,glaci] is s mu* less & m4 ,x is less 9 its exhibit ( ice & sn[4 ,bo? are dy+ glacial regions1 & ,glaci] is hundr$s ( c5turies ne>] ! end2 no long] c x display sn[y ranges 9 ,augu/ & long1 s9u\s ,alaska-l glaci]s at any "t4 ,nev]!less1 x has its glaci]s1 sixty or m ( !m p]*$ ^u high rocky %elves1 ! beautiful %runk5 rem9d]s ( "o-"t mon/]s4 ,also x has ! precipice-wall$ cirques & pa9t$1 lake-/udd$ valleys :i* ^! mon/]s left = ! enjoym5t ( to-day4 ,x is ^! cirques & valleys :i* con/itute ,glaci]'s unique feature1 :i* make x incomp>able ( its k9d4 ,glaci]'s inn]mo/ sanctu>ies ( gr&eur are com=tably accessible & intimately enjoyable = m ?an two mon?s ea* summ]4 ,! greate/ places ( ! ,canadian ,rockies are nev] accessible com=tably2 alp9i/s may clamb] ov] _! icy crevasses & scale _! slipp]y heights 9 ,augu/1 b ! usual travell] w view _! noble/ spectacles f hotel por*es or valley trails4 ,?is comp>ison is useful because bo? regions are p>ts ( ! same geological & sc5ic developm5t 9 :i* ,glaci] may be said to be sc5ically1 ?\gh by no means geologically1 complet$ & ! ,canadian ,rockies /ill 9 ! mak+4 ,a hundr$ ?\s& ye>s or m f n[ ! ,canadian ,rockies may h rea*$1 except = color+1 ! pres5t sc5ic /ate ( ,glaci]4 ,glaci] ,national ,p>k hangs d[n f ! ,canadian b\nd>y-l9e 9 nor?we/]n ,montana1 :]e x /raddles ! cont95tal divide4 ,adjo9+ x on ! nor? is ! ,wat]ton ,lakes ,p>k1 ,canada4 ,! ,blackfeet ,indian ,res]vation bord]s x on ! ea/4 ,its s\!rn b\nd>y is ,m>ias ,pass1 ?r\gh :i* ! ,great ,nor!rn ,railway crosses ! cre/ ( ! ,rocky ,m\nta9s4 ,its we/]n b\nd>y is ! ,nor? ,=k ( ! ,fla!ad ,riv]4 ,! p>k conta9s fifte5 hundr$ & ?irty-f\r squ>e miles4 ,communication betwe5 ! ea/ & we/ sides )9 ! p>k is only by trail across passes ov] ! cont95tal divide4 ,!re are p>ts ( ,am]ica q z di/+ui%$ z ,glaci]3 ,m\nt ,mc,kinley1 = its enorm\s sn[y mass & /ature2 ,yosemite1 = ! quality ( its valley's beauty2 ,m\nt ,ra9i]1 = its massive radiat+ glaci]s2 ,crat] ,lake1 = its color range 9 pe>ls & blues2 ,gr& ,canyon1 = its /up5d\s pa9t$ gulf4 ,b !re is no "p ( ,am]ica or ! ,am]icas1 or ( ! _w1 to mat* x ( its k9d4 ,9 respect to ! p>ticul> wondr\s ?+ ^! glaci]s ( old left beh9d !m :5 !y %rank to %elv$ trifles1 !re is no o!r4 ,at ,glaci] "o sees :at he nev] saw else:]e & nev] w see aga9--except at ,glaci]4 ,!re are m\nta9s ev]y:]e1 b no o!rs c>v$ into %apes q l ^!2 cirques 9 all l(ty ranges1 b n cirques j su* z ^!2 & because ( ^! unique bord]+ highl&s !re are n[h]e else lakes hav+ ! p>ticul> k9d ( *>m possess$ by ,glaci]'s lakes4 ,visitors seldom compreh5d ,glaci]2 h5ce !y are mute1 or praise 9 g5]alities or vague sup]latives4 ,^? :o h n se5 o!r m\nta9s f9d ! unexpect$ & are puzzl$4 ,^? :o h se5 o!r m\nta9s fail to und]/& ! diff]5ce 9 ^!4 ,i h nev] he>d comp>ison ) any region except ! ,canadian ,rockies1 & ?is seldom v intellig5t4 ,i miss ! big glaci]s & sn[y m\nta9-tops1 says ! travell] ( "o type4 ,y c really see some?+ "h besides sn[1 & h[ /unn+ x all is6 says ! travell] ( ano!r type4 ,my ,god1 man1 :]e are y\r arti/s8 cri$ an ,engli%man :o _h come to ,/4 ,m>y ,lake to sp5d a night & 0 f9i%+ 8 week4 ,!y ought to be "h 9 regim5ts4 ,n t ?is is ! greate/ ?+ 9 ! _w1 b t !re's no?+ else 9 ! _w l x4 ,yet ?is emotional travell]1 :o _h se5 ! ,himalayas1 ,&es1 & ,canadian ,rockies1 c\ld n tell me cle>ly :y x 0 diff]5t4 ,nei!r c\ld ! o!rs expla9 :y !y lik$ x bett] ?an ! ,canadian ,rockies1 or :y its beauty puzzl$ & di/urb$ !m4 ,x is only he :om intellig5t travel has educat$ to analyze & di/+ui% :o sees 9 ! f95ess & ! extraord9>y di/9ction ( ,glaci]'s m\nta9 =ms ! completion ( ! m h]oic undevelopm5t nor? ( ! bord]4 ,,ii ,! elem5ts ( ,glaci]'s p]sonality are s unusual t x w be difficult1 if n impossible1 to make phrase describe x4 ,comp>ison fails4 ,photographs w help1 b n v effici5tly1 because !y d n convey its size1 color1 & reality2 or p]haps ,i %\ld say its unreality1 = !re are places l ,two ,m$ic9e ,lake 9 /ill pale mid-morn+1 ,/4 ,m>y ,lake dur+ "o ( its gold sunsets1 & ! cirques ( ! ,s\? ,=k ( ! ,belly ,riv] "u all conditions :i* nev] c seem actual4 ,to picture ,glaci] z ne>ly z possible1 imag9e two m\nta9 ranges r\ghly p>allel 9 ! nor?1 :]e !y pass ! cont95tal divide betwe5 !m across a magnific5t high int]v5+ valley1 &1 9 ! s\?1 m]g+ into a wild & app>5tly planless mass+ ( high peaks & ranges4 ,imag9e ^! m\nta9s repeat+ ev]y:]e huge pyramids1 enorm\s /one gables1 elongat$ cones1 & _m o!r unusual %apes1 includ+ num]\s saw-too!d edges :i* rise _m ?\s& feet upw>d f swell+ sides1 & sugge/ no?+ s mu* z ov]turn$ keel-boats4 ,imag9e ranges glaci]-bitt5 alt]nately on ei!r side ) cirques ( ?ree or f\r ?\s& feet ( precipit\s dep?4 ,imag9e ^! cirques (t5 s ne>ly meet+ t ! int]v5+ walls are knife-l edges2 miles ( su* walls c>ry ! cont95tal divide1 & occasionally ^! cirques meet & ! int]v5+ wall crumbles & leaves a pass across ! divide4 ,imag9e places :]e cirque walls h be5 s bitt5 outside z well z 9 t !y /& l amphi!atres build$ up f f\ndations in/ead ( g\g$ out ( rock f above4 ,imag9e ^! m\nta9s pl5tifully sn[-spatt]$ ^u _! nor!rn slopes & be>+ ^u _! %\ld]s _m small & beautiful glaci]s p]*$ ^u rock-%elves above & back ( ! cirques left by ! great] glaci]s ( :i* !y are ! rema9d]s4 ,^! glaci]s are ne>ly always wid] ?an !y are long2 ( ^! ,i h se5 only ?ree ) elongat$ lobes4 ,"o is ! ,blackfeet ,glaci]1 ^: int]e/+ we/ lobe is conv5i5tly situat$ = obs]vation s\? ( ,gunsight ,lake1 & ano!r1 romantically beautiful ,agassiz ,glaci]1 9 ! f> nor?we/ ( ! p>k1 ^: ice-curr5ts conv]ge 9 a tongue :i* drops /eeply to its sn\t4 ,^! elongations are complete m9iatures1 ea* exhibit+ 9 little m ?an half a mile ( l5g? all usual glacial ph5om5a1 includ+ caves & ice-falls4 ,occasionally1 z on ! side ( ,m\nt ,jackson at ,gunsight ,pass & ea/ ( x1 "o notices small elongat$ glaci]s occupy+ clefts 9 /eep slopes4 ,! l>ge/ & mo/ /rik+ ( ^! tongu$ glaci]s is ! we/]nmo/ ( ! ?ree ,c>t] ,glaci]s on ! slopes ( ,m\nt ,c>t]4 ,x cascades its entire l5g? into ,b[man ,valley1 & ,m>ius ,r4 ,campbell's sugge/ion t x %\ld be r5am$ ! ,cascad+ ,glaci] des]ves consid]ation4 ,imag9e deep r\nd$ valleys em]g+ f ^! cirques & twi/+ snakelike among enorm\s & sometimes grotesque rock masses :i* (t5 are inconceivably twi/$ & tumbl$1 ^? ( ea* dra9age-bas9 conv]g+ fan-l to its c5tral valley4 ,sometimes a score or m ( cirques1 great & small1 unite _! valley /reams = ! mak+ ( a riv]2 sev5 pr9cipal valleys1 ea* ! product ( su* a gr\p1 em]ge f ! ea/ side ( ! p>k1 ?irte5 f ! we/4 ,imag9e hundr$s ( lakes ^: wat]s1 fre%-run f sn[-field & glaci]1 brilliantly reflect ! odd surr\nd+ l&scape4 ,ea* glaci] has its lake or lakes ( rob9's-egg blue4 ,e successive %elf ( e glacial /airway has its lake--"o or m4 ,& e valley has its great] lake or /r+ ( lakes4 ,glaci] is pre-em95tly ! p>k ( lakes4 ,:5 all is said & done1 !y con/itute its mo/ di/+ui%$ s+le elem5t ( supreme beauty4 ,= sev]al ( !m en?usia/ic admir]s l\dly claim _w pre-em95ce4 ,& f9ally imag9e ?is picture done 9 s(t gl[+ colors--n only ! blue sky1 ! fl[]y mead[s1 ! p9e-gre5 valleys1 & ! innum]able _m-hu$ wat]s1 b ! rocks1 ! m\nta9s1 & ! cirques besides4 ,! glaci]s ( old p5etrat$ ! mo/ colorful dep?s ( e>?'s sk91 ! v anci5t ,algonkian /rata1 t f :i* a "p ( ! ,gr& ,canyon also 0 c>v$4 ,at ?is po9t1 ! rocks appe> 9 f\r diff]5tly color$ lay]s4 ,! l[e/ ( ^! is call$ ! ,altyn lime/one4 ,!re are ab\t sixte5 hundr$ feet ( x1 pale blue )91 wea!r+ pale buff4 ,:ole yell[ m\nta9s ( ?is rock hang ^u ! ea/]n edge ( ! p>k4 ,next above ! ,altyn lies ?irty-f\r hundr$ feet ( ,appekunny argillite1 or dull-gre5 %ale4 ,! t9t is pale1 deep5+ to t famili> 9 ! l[] "p ( ! ,gr& ,canyon4 ,x wea!rs e d>k5+ %ade to v d>k gre5i%-br[n4 ,next above t lies tw5ty-two hundr$ feet ( ,gr9nell argillite1 or r$ %ale1 a dull rock ( v>y+ p9ks :i* wea!rs _m %ades ( r$ & purple1 deep5+ 9 places almo/ to black4 ,!re is "s gleam+ :ite qu>tzite mix$ ) bo? ^! %ales4 ,next above lies m ?an f\r ?\s& feet ( ,siyeh lime/one1 v solid1 v massive1 iron-gray ) an insi/5t flavor ( yell[1 & wea!r+ buff4 ,?is heavy /ratum is ! mo/ impressive "p ( ! ,glaci] l&scape4 ,horizontally ?r\gh its middle runs a d>k broad ribbon ( diorite1 a rock z h>d z granite1 :i* once1 :ile molt51 bur/ f bel[ & =c$ its way betwe5 horizontal b$s ( lime/one2 & occasionally1 z 9 ! ,swiftcurr5t & ,triple ,divide ,passes1 !re are dull iron-black lavas 9 heavy twi/$ masses4 ,above all ( ^! color$ /rata once lay /ill ano!r %ale ( v brilliant r$4 ,fragm5ts ( ?is1 :i* geologi/s call ! ,k9tla =mation1 may be se5 topp+ m\nta9s "h & !re 9 ! nor!rn "p ( ! p>k4 ,imag9e ^! ri* /rata hung ea/ & we/ across ! l&scape & sagg+ deeply 9 ! middle1 s t a horizontal l9e w\ld cut all colors diagonally4 ,n[ imag9e a s(tness ( l9e z well z color result+ probably f ! s(tness ( ! rock2 !re is none ( ! h>d insi/5ce1 ! uncompromis+ def9it5ess ( ! granite l&scape4 ,& imag9e fur!r an impression ( antiquity1 a feel+ ak9 to t ) :i* "o ent]s a m$iaeval ru9 or sees ! pyramids ( ,egypt4 ,only "h is ! look ( imm5se1 unmeasur$1 immeasurable age4 ,m ?an at any place except p]haps ! rim ( ! ,gr& ,canyon does "o seem to /& 9 ! pres5ce ( ! inf9ite2 an in/9ct :i*1 :ile x baffles analysis1 is s\nd1 = !re are few rocks ( ! e>?'s sk9 s ag$ z ^! ornate %ales & lime/ones4 ,& n[1 at la/1 y c imag9e ,glaci]6 ,,iii ,b1 ) ,glaci]1 ?is is n en\gh4 ,to see1 to realize 9 full its beauty1 /ill leaves "o puzzl$4 ,"o ( ! peculi>ities ( ! l&scape1 due p]haps to its diff]5ces1 is its insi/5ce ^u explanation4 ,h[ came ?is prehi/oric pla9 s et*$ ) cirques & valleys z to leave /&+ only worm-l cre/s1 knife-edg$ walls1 amphi!atres1 & isolat$ peaks8 ,! answ] is ! /ory ( a romantic episode 9 ! absorb+ hi/ory ( ,am]ica's mak+4 ,some:]e betwe5 =ty & six hundr$ million ye>s ago1 accord+ to ! degree ( cons]vatism controll+ ! geologi/ :o does ! calculat+1 ^! l(ty m\nta9s 7 deposit$ 9 ! %ape ( muddy s$im5ts on ! bottom ( %all[ fre%-wat] lakes1 ^: waves left _m ripple m>ks ^u ! s(t muds ( its %ores1 fragm5ts ( :i*1 h>d5$ n[ to %ale1 are frequ5tly f\nd by t\ri/s4 ,s anci5t 0 ! p]iod t ^! deposits lay next above ! primal ,ar*ean rocks1 & m>k$1 !re=e1 almo/ ! beg9n+ ( accept$ geological hi/ory4 ,life 0 !n s ne>ly at its beg9n+s t ! =ms :i* ,walcott f\nd 9 ! ,siyeh lime/one 7 n at fir/ fully accept$ z organic4 ,!reaft]1 dur+ a "t s long t none may ev5 e/imate x1 c]ta9ly = _m millions ( ye>s1 ! hi/ory ( ! region leaves traces ( no extraord9>y *ange4 ,x sank possibly ?\s&s ( feet b5ea? ! fre% wat]s tribut>y to ! sea :i* once swept f ! ,gulf ( ,mexico to ! ,arctic1 & accumulat$ !re s$im5ts :i* to-day are sc5ic lime/ones & %ales1 & d\btless o!r s$im5ts above ^! :i* h :olly pass$ away4 ,x may h alt]nat$ above & bel[ wat]-level _m times1 z our s\?we/ has done4 ,ev5tually1 "u e>?-pressures conc]n+ ^: cause _m !ories h liv$ & di$1 x rose to rema9 until our times4 ,!n1 millions ( ye>s ago1 b /ill rec5tly z comp>$ ) ! :ole va/ lapse we are consid]+1 came ! *anges :i* seem dramatic to u z we look back ^u !m accompli%$2 b :i* came to pass s sl[ly t no man1 _h man !n liv$1 c\ld h notic$ a s+le /ep ( progress 9 ! c\rse ( a long life4 ,"u e>?-pressures ! sk9 buckl$ & ! ,rocky ,m\nta9s rose4 ,at "s /age ( ?is process ! range crack$ along its cre/ f :at is n[ ,m>ias ,pass to a po9t j ov] ! ,canadian bord]1 &1 a c\ple ( hundr$ miles f>!r nor?1 f ! neighborhood ( ,banff to ! nor!rn end ( ! ,canadian ,rockies4 ,!n ! great ov]?ru/ foll[$4 ,side-pressures ( inconceivable p[] =c$ upw>d ! we/]n edge ( ?is crack1 includ+ ! entire cru/ f ! ,algonkian /rata up1 & ?ru/ x ov] ! ea/]n edge4 ,dur+ ! ov]?ru/+1 :i* may h tak5 a million ye>s1 & dur+ ! millions ( ye>s s9ce1 ! fro/s h *isell$ op5 & ! ra9s h wa%$ away all ! ov]?ru/ /rata1 ! accumulations ( ! geological ages f ,algonkian times d[n1 except only t "o bottom lay]4 ,?is alone rema9$ = ! ?ree ice invasions ( ! ,glacial ,age to c>ve into ! extraord9>y area :i* is call$ to-day ! ,glaci] ,national ,p>k4 ,! ,lewis ,ov]?ru/1 s call$ because x happ5$ to ! ,lewis ,range1 is t5 to fifte5 miles wide4 ,! ea/]n b\nd>y ( ! p>k r\ghly def9es its limit ( progress4 ,its signs are pla9 to ! eye taught to p]ceive !m4 ,! yell[ m\nta9s on ! ea/]n edge ne> ! gateway to ,lake ,mc,dermott lie on top ( ! ,blackfeet ,indian ,res]vation1 ^: surface is _m millions ( ye>s y\ng] & q diff]5t 9 color+4 ,simil>ly1 ,*ief ,m\nta91 at ! entrance ( ! ,belly ,riv] ,valley1 owes mu* ( its rem>kable di/9ction to ! incompatibility ( its =m & color ) ! prairie ^u :i* x lies b out ( :i* x seems to bur/4 ,! bottom ( ,mc,dermott ,falls at ,_m ,glaci] ,hotel is pla9ly a y\ng] rock ?an ! color$ ,algonkian lime/ones :i* =m its br9k4 ,p]haps ?\s&s ( ye>s aft] ! ov]?ru/ 0 accompli%$ ano!r trem5d\s fault+ /ill fur!r modifi$ ! l&scape ( to-day4 ,! ov]?ru/ edge crack$ l5g?wise1 ?is "t we/ ( ! cont95tal divide all ! way f ! ,canadian l9e s\?w>d ne>ly to ,m>ias ,pass4 ,! edge ( ! /rata we/ ( ?is crack sank p]haps _m ?\s&s ( feet1 leav+ great precipices on ! we/ side ( ! divide simil> to ^? on ! ea/ side4 ,!re 0 ?is great diff]5ce1 h[ev]1 9 :at foll[$3 ! elongat$ gulf or dit* ?us =m$ became fill$ ) ! deposits ( lat] geologic p]iods4 ,?is :ole process1 :i* also 0 v sl[ 9 movem5t1 is important 9 expla9+ ! con=mation & sc5ic peculi>ities ( ! we/ side ( ! p>k1 :i*1 z ! t\ri/ sees x to-day1 is rem>kably diff]5t f ^? ( ! ea/ side4 ,"h1 ! great lime/one ranges1 glaci]$1 cirqu$1 & precipic$ z on ! ea/ side1 sudd5ly give place to broad1 undulat+ pla9s :i* con/itute practically ! :ole ( ! great we/ side f ! base ( ! m\nta9s on ! ea/ to ! valley ( ! ,fla!ad :i* =ms ! p>k's we/]n b\nd>y4 ,^! pla9s are gr[n ?ickly ) spl5did =e/s4 ,cross ranges1 l>gely glaci]-built1 /ret* we/ f ! high m\nta9s1 subsid+ rapidly2 & betwe5 ^! ranges lie long w9d+ lakes1 =e/-gr[n to _! edges1 :i* c>ry ! we/]n dra9age ( ! cont95tal divide ?r\gh outlet /reams into ! ,fla!ad4 ,! inconceivable lapse ( "t cov]$ 9 ^! titanic op]ations ( ,nature & _! excessive sl[ness ( progress rob !m ( mu* ( _! dramatic quality4 ,p]haps an in* ( di/ance 0 an extraord9>y advance = ! ,lewis ,ov]?ru/ to make 9 any ord9>y ye>1 & d\btless !re 7 lapses ( c5turies :5 no measurable advance 0 made4 ,yet sometimes sudd5 settl+s1 accompani$ by m or less ext5d$ e>?quakes1 mu/ h visibly alt]$ local l&scapes4 ,7 x possible1 by "s su* m5tal =e%ort5+ z t by :i* ! wiz>ds ( ! scre5 compress a life into a m9ute1 = imag9ation to ha/5 ?is progress into ! compass ( a few h\rs1 h[ ov]:elm+ w\ld be ! spectacle6 ,h[ trem5d\sly w\ld loom ?is advanc+ edge1 :i* at fir/ we may conceive z hav+ enorm\s ?ickness6 ,h[ x mu/ h crack$1 crumbl$1 & fall5 9 frequ5t titanic cra%es z x mov$ =w>d4 ,x does n ne$ ! imag9ation ( ,dore to picture ?is advance1 ?us ha/5$ 9 fancy1 grim1 rel5tless z dea?1 its enorm\s t[]+ head lo/ 9 et]nal sn[s1 its feet %ak5 by e>?quakes1 accumulat+ giant glaci]s only to cru% !m into p[d]2 re/+1 !n pu%+ =w>d 9 sl[1 sma%+1 rev]b]at+ %oves4 ,h[ ! accumulations ( all p]iods may be imag9$ cra%+ toge!r into ! dep?s6 ,silurian ga/ropods1 /range ,devonian fi%es1 enorm\s ,triassic reptiles1 ! ri* & v>i$ %ells ( ! ,jurassic1 ! d9osaurs & primitive birds ( ,cretace\s1 ! little e>ly horses ( ,eoc5e1 & ,mioc5e's camels & ma/odons m+l+ _! fossil remnants 9 a democracy ( ru9 to defy ! et]nal ages6 ,x all happ5$1 b un=tunately = a romantic conception1 x did n happ5 ) dramatic spe$4 ,hundr$s1 ?\s&s1 sometimes millions ( ye>s int]v5$ betwe5 ! great] /ages ( progress :i*1 ) int]v5+ less] /ages1 m]g$ into a seldom-brok5 quietude su* z t :i* impresses to-day's visitor to ! m\nta9-tops ( ,glaci] ,national ,p>k4 ,& :o c say t ! l&scape :i* to-day's visitor1 ) ! inborn arrogance ( man1 looks ^u z ! ?+ :i* ! ages h complet$ = 8 pleasure1 may n m]ely repres5t a m9or /age 9 a progress /ill m t]rible8 ,! gri/ ( ,creation's pa/ mill+ has disappe>$4 ,! wat]s ( heav51 collect$ & /or$ 9 sn[-fields & glaci]s to be releas$ 9 seasonal torr5ts1 h wa%$ x all away4 ,n a sign rema9s to-day save "h & !re p]haps a fragm5t ( ,cretace\s coal4 ,all has be5 gr\nd to p[d] & c>ri$ (f by flood & /ream to enri* ! soils & upbuild lat] /rata 9 ! dra9age bas9s ( ! ,saskat*ewan1 ! ,columbia1 & ! ,mississippi4 ,x is probable t little rema9$ b ! ,algonkian %ales & lime/ones :5 ! ,ice ,age s5t s\?w>d ! fir/ ( its ?ree great invasions4 ,d\btless already !re 7 glaci]s !re ( sorts1 b ! l[]+ temp]atures :i* accompani$ ! ice-%eets develop$ local glaci]s s great ( size t only a few m\nta9-tops 7 left expos$4 ,x 0 !n t ^! extraord9>y cirques 7 c>v$4 ,!re 7 ?ree su* p]iods dur+ ! ,ice ,age1 betwe5 :i* & aft] :i* /ream erosion resum$ its untir+ sway4 ,! /ory ( ! ice is writt5 high ^u ,glaci]'s walls & f> out on ! ea/]n pla9s4 ,,iv ,into ?is wond]l& ! visitor ent]s by "o ( two roads4 ,ei!r he leaves ! railroad at ,glaci] ,p>k on ! ea/ side ( ! cont95tal divide or at ,belton on ! we/ side4 ,9 ei!r ev5t he c cross to ! o!r side only afoot or on horseback ov] passes4 ,! usual way 9 is ?r\gh ,glaci] ,p>k4 ,!re is a l>ge hotel at ! /ation f :i* automobile-/ages run nor?w>d to *alets at ,two ,m$ic9e ,lake1 ! ,cut ,bank ,valley1 & ,/4 ,m>y ,lake1 & to ! ,_m ,glaci] ,hotel & *alets at ,lake ,mc,dermott4 ,a road also rea*es ,lake ,mc,dermott f ,canada by way ( ,babb1 & ,canadian visitors c rea* ! trails at ! head ( ,wat]ton ,lake by boat f _! own ,wat]ton ,lakes ,p>k4 ,^? ent]+ at ,belton1 :]e ! p>k headqu>t]s are locat$1 f9d *alets at ! railroad-/ation & an excell5t hotel ne> ! head ( ,lake ,mc,donald4 ,!re is also a com=table *alet close to ! ,sp]ry ,glaci]4 ,to see ,glaci] z ?or\ghly z ,glaci] des]ves & to draw freely on its abundant res\rces ( pleasure & inspiration1 "o mu/ travel ! trails & pit* 8 t5t :]e day's end br+s him4 ,b t does n mean t ,glaci] _c be se5 & enjoy$ by ^? to :om com=table hotel accommodations are a necessity1 or ev5 by ^? :o f9d trail-travell+ impossible4 ,visitors1 !re=e1 fall into ?ree g5]al classes1 all ( :om may /udy sc5]y :i* q fully cov]s ! range ( ,glaci]'s natural ph5om5a & peculi> beauty4 ,! l>ge/ ( ^! classes consi/s ( ^? :o c travel1 or ?9k !y c travel1 only 9 vehicles1 & c f9d satisfactory accommodations only 9 good hotels4 ,! int]m$iate class includes ^? :o c1 at a p9*1 ride t5 or twelve miles on com=tably saddl$ horses :i* walk ! trails at two or ?ree miles an h\r1 & :o d n object to ! some:at primitive b ?or\ghly com=table ov]night accommodations ( ! *alets4 ,f9ally comes ! small class1 :i* con/antly w increase1 ( ^? :o h ! "t & incl9ation to leave ! beat5 pa? ) t5t & camp+ outfit = ! spl5did wild]ness & ! places ( supreme magnific5ce :i* are only = ^? :o seek4 ,! man1 !n1 ^: t5d5cy to g\t1 let u say1 =bids him ride a horse or walk m ?an a c\ple ( easy miles a day may1 nev]!less1 miss no?+ ( ,glaci]'s mean+ & magnific5ce provid$ he takes ! tr\ble to und]/&4 ,b he mu/ take ! tr\ble2 he mu/ compreh5d ! few examples t he sees2 ?is is 8 p5alty = refus+ ! ri* exp]i5ce ( ! trail1 :i*1 out ( its v fulness1 drives mean+ home ) little m5tal ef=t4 ,8 k mu/ be got f six places only :i* may be rea*$ by vehicle1 at lea/ ?ree ( :i*1 h[ev]1 may be includ$ among ! _w's great sc5ic places4 ,he c f9d at ,two ,m$ic9e1 ,/4 ,m>y1 & ,mc,dermott sup]b examples ( ,glaci]'s pr9cipal sc5ic elem5ts4 ,ent]+ at ,glaci] ,p>k1 he w h se5 ! range f ! pla9s1 an important beg9n+2 already1 approa*+ f ! ea/1 he has wat*$ x gr[ wond]fully on ! horizon4 ,s sudd5ly d ^! pa9t$ m\nta9s spr+ f ! grassy pla9 t x is a relief to recognize 9 !m ! advance gu>d ( ! ,lewis ,ov]?ru/1 va/ fragm5ts ( ! upheavals ( ! dep?s pu%$ ea/w>d by ! c5turies to _! f9al re/+-places ^u ! surface ( ! prairie4 ,f ! hotel por*es !y gl[ gray & yell[ & purple & rose & p9k1 accord+ to ! natural color+ ( _! p>ts & ! w ( ! sun--a spl5did ev]-*ang+ spectacle4 ,,! ,,two ,,m$ic9e ,,c\ntry ,an h\r's automobile-ride f ,glaci] ,p>k ,hotel w enable our travell] to p5etrate ! range at a po9t ( supreme beauty & /& beside a *alet at ! foot ( ,two ,m$ic9e ,lake4 ,he w face :at appe>s to be a circul> lake 9 a d5sely =e/$ valley f ^: %ore rises a view ( m\nta9s :i* w take 8 brea?4 ,9 ! ne> c5tre /&s a cone ( enorm\s size & magnific5ce--,m\nt ,rockwell--fa9tly blue1 mi/ily gold51 ri*ly purple1 dull silv]1 or r$ & gray1 accord+ to ! favor ( ! h\r & ! sky4 ,^u its left & some:at back rises a small] simil> cone1 flatt] b q z p]fectly proportion$1 kn[n z ,grizzly ,m\nta91 & ^u its "r less regul> masses4 ,9 ! backgr\nd1 connect+ all1 are m di/ant m\nta9s fleck$ ) sn[1 ! cont95tal divide4 ,t[]+ m\nta9s close ^u him ^u bo? sides1 t ^u 8 "r a celebrity 9 r$ argillite kn[n z ,ris+ ,wolf4 ,he sees all ?is f a bea* ( _m-color$ pebbles4 ,few casual visitors h m ?an a midday view ( ,two ,m$ic9e ,lake1 = ! /age returns 9 ! aft]noon4 ,! glory ( ! sunset & ! wond] be=e sunrise are = ! few :o /ay ov] at ! *alet4 ,! lov] ( ! exquisite _c d bett]1 =1 ?\gh beyond lie sc5es surpass+ ?is 9 ! qualities :i* br+ to ! lips ! %\t ( joy1 ,i am conv9c$ t no?+ else:]e equals ! ,two ,m$ic9e canvas 9 ! p]fection ( delicacy4 ,x is ! ,meissoni] ( ,glaci]4 ,nor c ! /ud5t ( ,nature's processes af=d to miss ! /udy ( ,two ,m$ic9e's m>vell\sly complete & balanc$ sy/em ( cirques & valleys--?\gh ?is ( c\rse is n = ! rheumatic travell] b = him :o fe>s n horse & t5t4 ,su* an explor] w f9d ?rills ) e pass+ h\r4 ,giant ,m\nt ,rockwell w produce "o :5 a sideview %[s t its app>5t cone is m]ely ! small] ea/]n end ( a ridge two miles long :i* culm9ates 9 a t[]+ summit on ! divide2 ,pumpelly ,pill]1 ) ! proportions ( a monum5t :5 se5 f ne> ! lake1 becomes1 se5 sideways1 ano!r long & exce$+ly beautiful ridge2 /rik+ examples1 ^!1 ( ! leav+s ( conv]g+ glaci]s ( old4 ,two ,m$ic9e ,lake proves to be long & n>r[1 ! *alet view be+ ! long way1 & ,upp] ,two ,m$ic9e ,lake proves to be an em]ald-encircl$ pe>l 9 a silv]y-gray sett+4 ,! climax ( su* a sev]al days' trip is a night among ! coyotes at ! head ( ! ma9 valley & a morn+ ^u ,dawson ,pass ov]look+ ! indescribable tangle ( peak1 precipice1 & canyon ly+ we/ ( ! cont95tal divide4 ,tak5 z a :ole1 ! ,two ,m$ic9e dra9age-bas9 is an epitome ( ,glaci] 9 m9iature4 ,to ^? ent]+ ! p>k on ! ea/ side & see+ x fir/ x becomes an admirable introduction to ! great] p>k4 ,to ^? :o h ent]$ on ! we/ side & f9i% "h x is an admirable f>ewell review1 especially z its f9al picture s\nds ! note ( sc5ic p]fection4 ,7 !re no?+ else ( ,glaci]1 ?is spot w\ld become 9 "t itself a _w celebrity4 ,incid5tally1 exce$+ly lively ,ea/]n brook-tr\t w af=d an int]e/+ h\r to "o :o floats a fly d[n ! %ort /ream into ! lakelet at ! foot ( ,two ,m$ic9e ,lake n f> bel[ ! *alet4 ,!re are also fi% bel[ ,trick ,falls4 ,,! ,,spectacle ,,( ,,/4 ,,m>y ,/4 ,m>y ,lake1 simil>ly situat$ 9 ! outlet valley ( a mu* great] gr\p ( cirques nor? ( ,two ,m$ic9e1 (f]s a picture z simil> 9 k9d z two canvases are simil> :i* h be5 pa9t$ by ! same h&2 b !y widely diff] 9 composition & magnific5ce2 ,two ,m$ic9e's preci\sness yields to ,/4 ,m>y's elem5tal gr&eur4 ,! /eam] :i* br+s our rheumatic travell] f ! motor-/age at ! foot ( ! lake l&s him at ! upp] *alet gr\p1 appropriately ,swiss1 :i* f9ds vantage on a rocky promontory = ! view ( ! divide4 ,gigantic m\nta9s ( deep-r$ argillite1 grotesquely c>v$1 close 9 ! sides1 & ) lake & sky wond]fully frame ! amaz+ c5tral picture ( po9t$ pyramids1 sn[-fields1 hang+ glaci]s1 & silv]y ridges m]g+ into sky4 ,se5 on ! way into ,glaci]1 ,/4 ,m>y is a prophecy :i* w n be fulfill$ else:]e 9 *>m ?\gh (t5 f> exce$$ 9 degree4 ,se5 leav+ ,glaci]1 x comb9es ) surpass+ novelty sc5ic elem5ts ^: possibilities ( fur!r gorge\s comb9ation ! trip ?r\gh ! p>k has seem$ to exhau/4 ,! ,/4 ,m>y picture is impossible to describe4 ,its colors v>y ) ! h\rs & ! atmosph]e's *ang+ conditions4 ,x is silv]1 gold51 mauve1 blue1 lemon1 mi/y :ite1 & r$ by turn4 ,x is se5 cle>ly 9 ! morn+ ) ! sun beh9d y4 ,aft]noons & sunsets (f] !atrical effects1 (t5 baffl+1 always lovely & diff]5t4 ,po9t$ ,fusillade & peak$ ,reynolds ,m\nta9s (t5 lose _! tops 9 l[]+ mi/s4 ,s1 (t51 does ,go+-to-!-,sun ,m\nta9 9 ! ne>-by "r =egr\nd4 ,s1 n s (t51 does keel-%ap$ ,citadel ,m\nta9 on ! ne>-by left2 also1 at times1 maje/ic ,little ,*ief1 he ( l(ty mi5 & sn[-da%$ cr[n1 & /olid ,r$ ,eagle1 ^: gigantic reflection r$d5s a mile ( wat]s4 ,x is ^! close-up mon/]s ev5 m ?an ! colorful gho/s ( ! ,we/]n horizon :i* /amp ,/4 ,m>y's p]sonality4 ,f ! por*es ( ! *alets & ! deck ( ! /eam] 9 its ev5+ t\r ( ! lake-end ! travell] w note ! enorm\s size ( ^? upp] valleys :i* once comb9$ _! glaci]s z n[ !y d _! /reams4 ,he w guess t ! glaci] :i* once swept ?r\gh ! deep gorge 9 ^: bottom n[ lies ,/4 ,m>y ,lake 0 sev]al ?\s& feet 9 ?ickness4 ,he w long to exam9e ^? upp] valleys & reproduce 9 imag9ation ! amaz+ spectacle ( long ago4 ,b !y are n = him4 ,t vision is res]v$ = ^? :o ride ! trails4 ,,! ,,sc5ic ,,climax ,,( ,,! ,,swiftcurr5t ,aga9 pass+ nor?1 ! automobile-/age rea*es road's end at ,mc,dermott ,lake1 ! fan-h&le ( ! ,swiftcurr5t dra9age-bas94 ,ov]look+ a magnific5t "p ( ea* ( its contribut+ valleys1 ! lake1 itself supremely beautiful1 may well des]ve its reputation z ,glaci]'s sc5ic c5tre4 ,i h mu* sympa?y ) ! ?\s&s :o claim supremacy = ,mc,dermott ,lake4 ,lake ,mc,donald has its wond]fully wood$ %ores1 its maje/ic l5g? & augu/ vi/a2 ,hel5 ,lake its unequall$ wildness2 ,b[man ,lake its incomp>able view ( glaci]-%r\d$ divide4 ,b ,mc,dermott has some?+ ( ev]y?+2 x is a composite1 a mosaic ma/]piece ) e /one a gem4 ,!re is no backgr\nd f :i* "o looks =w>d to ! view4 ,its horizon conta9s ?ree hundr$ & sixty degrees ( view4 ,f ! t[]+ s\? gable ( t rock-temple to ,god ! ,creator1 :i* ! map calls ,m\nt ,g\ld1 ar\nd ! circle1 x (f]s an unbrok5 panorama 9 sup]lative4 ,9 no s5se by way ( comp>ison1 :i* is absurd betwe5 sc5es s diff]5t1 b m]ely to help realization by contra/ ) :at is well kn[n1 let u recall ! ,yosemite ,valley4 ,yosemite is a valley1 ,swiftcurr5t an enclosure4 ,yosemite is gray & %9+1 ,swiftcurr5t ri*] f> 9 color4 ,yosemite's walls are r\nd$1 peak$1 & poli%$1 ,swiftcurr5t's too!d1 torn1 & crumbl+2 ! sett+ sun %9es ?r\gh holes worn by fro/ & wat] 9 ! liv+ rock4 ,yosemite gu>ds h] we/]n entrance ) a %aft ( gray granite ris+ ?irty-six hundr$ feet f ! valley floor1 & h] ea/]n end by granite domes ( five ?\s& & six ?\s& feet2 ,swiftcurr5t's rocks ga!r r\nd h] c5tral lake--,altyn1 ?irty-two hundr$ feet above ! lake's level2 ,h5kel1 ?irty-eight hundr$ feet2 ,wilbur1 =ty-five hundr$ feet2 ,gr9nell1 f\r ?\s&2 ,g\ld1 =ty-sev5 hundr$2 ,all51 =ty-five hundr$--all ( color$ /rata1 gre5 at base1 !n r$1 !n gray4 ,yosemite has its w9d+ riv] & wat]falls1 ,swiftcurr5t its lakes & glaci]s4 ,swiftcurr5t has ! repose b n ! s(tness ( ,yosemite4 ,yosemite is unbelievably beautiful4 ,swiftcurr5t inspires wond]+ awe4 ,mc,dermott ,lake1 focus po9t ( all ?is natural glory1 is sc>cely a mile long1 & n>r[4 ,x may be vivid blue & /eel-blue & milky-blue1 & half a doz5 %ades ( gre5 & p9k all )9 twice z _m m9utes1 accord+ to ! :im ( ! breeze1 ! *ang+ atmosph]e1 & ! cl\d+ ( ! sun4 ,(t5 x sugge/s no?+ s mu* z a pool ( dull-gre5 pa9t4 ,or x may pres5t a rev]s$ image ( m\nta9s1 glaci]s1 & sky 9 _! own color+4 ,or at sunset x may turn lemon or purple or crimson or orange1 or a bl5d+ ( all4 ,or1 ) ru%+ /orm-cl\ds1 x may q sudd5ly lose e h9t ( any color1 & become a /udy 9 black1 :ite1 & int]m$iate grays4 ,illu/ration3 ,f a photograph by ,bailey ,willis ,,! ,,great ,,gable ,,( ,,g\ld ,,m\nta9 ,! wat] is ,mc,dermott ,lake1 "o ( ! mo/ beautiful 9 ,glaci] ,national ,p>k ,illu/ration3 ,f a photograph by ,a4,j4 ,bak] ,,! ,,cirque ,,at ,,! ,,head ,,( ,,cut ,,bank ,,creek ,f9e examples ( glaci] cirques ?r\gh\t ! p>k4 ,! peak is ,m\nt ,morgan1 ,glaci] ,national ,p>k4 ,!re are times :51 f hotel por*1 rock1 or boat1 ! t[]+ peaks & connect+ lime/one walls become sudd5ly s fairy-l t !y lose all s5se ( reality1 seem+ to m]ge into _! backgr\nd ( sky1 f :i*1 nev]!less1 !y rema9 %>ply diff]5tiat$4 ,! rapidity & ! v>iety ( *ange 9 ! appe>ance ( ! wat] is no?+ to t 9 ! appe>ance ( ^! magical walls & m\nta9s4 ,n[ ne>1 n[ di/ant2 n[ lur+1 n[ =bidd+2 n[ gleam+ z if ) _! own light2 n[ gloomy 9 ?reat1 !y lose n _! hold on ! eye = a mom5t4 ,! unreality ( ,mc,dermott ,lake1 ! s5se x (t5 imp>ts ( impossibility1 is p]haps its mo/ /rik+ feature4 ,"o suspects he dreams1 awake4 ,,! ,,sc5ic ,,circle ,to realize ! spot z be/ we may1 let u pause on ! bridge among ^? ca/+ = tr\t bel[ ! upp] fall & glance ar\nd4 ,to our left rises ,all5 ,m\nta91 rugg$1 irregul>1 =e/-clo!d half-way up its =ty-five hundr$ feet ( elevation above ! valley floor4 ,beyond x a long gigantic wall sets 9 at "r angles1 blue1 %9+1 s]rat$1 support+1 app>5tly on ! lake edge1 an enorm\s gable end ( gray lime/one b&$ ) black diorite1 a v]itable p]sonality comp>able ) ,yosemite's mo/ fam\s rocks4 ,?is is ,m\nt ,g\ld4 ,next is ! ,gr9nell ,glaci]1 hang+ gli/5+ 9 ! air1 dripp+ wat]falls1 backgr\nd$ by ! gnaw$ top ( ! v5]able ,g>d5 ,wall4 ,!n comes 9 turn ! maje/ic mass ( ,m\nt ,gr9nell1 f\r miles long1 culm9at+ at ! lakeside 9 an enorm\s p>ti-color$ pyramid m impressive f ! hotel ?an ev5 ,rockwell is f ,two ,m$ic9e *alets4 ,!n1 ^u its "r1 appe>s a wall :i* is ! unnam$ cont9uation ( ! ,g>d5 ,wall1 &1 pla/]$ aga9/ ! side ( ,swiftcurr5t ,m\nta91 ?ree small hang+ glaci]s1 seem+ 9 ! di/ance l two long p>allel sn[-banks4 ,!n ,m\nt ,wilbur1 ano!r giant pyramid1 gray1 t[]+1 massively c>v$1 gr&ly proportion$1 k+ly 9 be>+6 ,aga9 ^u its "r em]ges /ill ano!r cont9uation1 also unnam$1 ( ! ,g>d5 ,wall1 ?is section l(tie/ ( all & bitt5 deeply by ! ages4 ,a "p ( x is in/antly recogniz$ f ! hotel w9d[ z "p ( ! sky-l9e surr\nd+ fam\s ,iceb]g ,lake4 ,its "r is lo/ beh9d ! ne>] slopes ( r$ ,m\nt ,h5kel1 :i* sw+s back ^u our "r1 br++ ! eye ne>ly to its />t+-po9t4 ,a glance out beh9d betwe5 m\nta9s1 ^u ! limitless lake-dott$ pla91 completes ! sc5ic circle4 ,mc,dermott ,lake1 by :i* ,i "h mean ! ,swiftcurr5t enclosure z se5 f ! ,_m ,glaci] ,hotel1 is illu/rative ( all ( ,glaci]4 ,!re are wild] spots1 by f>1 "s :i* fright52 !re are places ( nobl] beauty1 ?\gh z ,i write ,i "k ,i %all d5y x ! next "t ,i /& on ,mc,dermott's %ores2 !re are supreme places :i* at fir/ glance seem to h no k9%ip ) any o!r place on e>?4 ,nev]!less1 ,mc,dermott conta9s all ( ,glaci]'s elem5ts1 all h] *>m1 & practically all h] comb9ations4 ,x is ! place ( places to /udy ,glaci]4 ,x is also a place to dream away idle weeks4 ,s he :o _c ride or walk ! trails may /ill see & und]/& ,glaci] 9 h] maje/y4 ,besides ! places ,i h m5tion$ he may see1 f ! ,cut ,bank ,*alet1 a *>act]i/ic =e/$ valley ( great beauty1 & at ,lewis's hotel on ,lake ,mc,donald ! f9e/ spot accessible ^u ! broad we/ side1 ! playgr\nd1 z ! ea/ side is ! %[-place1 ( hundr$s ( future ?\s&s4 ,s _m are ! %ort horseback trips f ,_m ,glaci] ,hotel to places ( significance & beauty t x is h>d = ! timid to )/& ! temptation ( ! trail4 ,f\r miles w rea* ,gr9nell ,lake at ! foot ( its glaci]1 six miles w p5etrate ! ,crack] ,lake ,gorge at ! p]p5dicul> base ( ,m\nt ,siyeh1 eight miles w disclose ! a/oni%+ spectacle ( ,iceb]g ,lake1 & n9e miles w cross ! ,swiftcurr5t ,pass to ! ,granite ,p>k ,*alet4 ,,iceb]g ,,lake ,,typical ,,( ,,all ,9 "s respects ,iceb]g ,lake is ,glaci]'s supreme spectacle4 ,!re are few spots s wild4 ,!re may be no easily accessible spot 9 ! _w half s wild4 ,imag9e a horse%oe ( p]p5dicul> rock wall1 tw5ty-sev5 hundr$ to ?irty-five hundr$ feet high1 a glaci] 9 its inmo/ curve1 a lake ( iceb]gs 9 its c5tre4 ,! back ( ! t[]-peak ( ,m\nt ,wilbur is ! s\!rn end ( ?is horse%oe4 ,?is enclosure 0 n built up f bel[1 z x looks1 b bitt5 d[n )9 & )\t2 x 0 left4 ,on ! edge ( ! lake 9 e>ly ,july ! sun sets at f\r o'clock4 ,/up5d\s z ,iceb]g ,lake is z a spectacle1 its highe/ purpose is illu/rative4 ,x expla9s ,glaci]4 ,"h by ?is lakeside1 front+ ! glaci]'s float+ edge & />+ up at ! jagg$ top 9 front & on ei!r side1 "o compreh5ds at la/4 ,! appall+ /ory ( ! pa/ seems real4 ,,! ,,climax ,,at ,,granite ,,p>k ,x is at ,granite ,p>k t "o realizes ! geography ( ,glaci]4 ,y h cross$ ! cont95tal divide & em]g$ ^u a l(ty abutm5t j we/ ( x4 ,y are v ne>ly 9 ! p>k's c5tre1 & on ! m>g9 ( a =e/$ canyon ( impressive bread? & dep?1 l9$ on ei!r side by m\nta9 mon/]s1 & rea*+ f ,m\nt ,cannon at ! head ( ,lake ,mc,donald nor?w>d to ! ,alb]ta pla94 ,! we/]n wall ( ?is va/ av5ue is ! ,liv+/on ,range4 ,its ea/]n wall is ! ,lewis ,range4 ,bo? 9 turn c>ry ! cont95tal divide1 :i* crosses ! av5ue f ,liv+/on to ,lewis by way ( l[-cr[n$ ,flattop ,m\nta91 a few miles nor? ( :]e y /&1 & back to ,liv+/on by way ( ,clem5ts ,m\nta91 a few miles s\?4 ,opposite y1 across ! *asm1 rises sn[y ,heav5s ,peak4 ,s\?we/ lies ,lake ,mc,donald1 hidd5 by ,heav5s' %\ld]4 ,s\? is ,logan ,pass1 c>ry+ ano!r trail across ! divide1 & disclos+ hang+ g>d5s beyond on ,reynolds' ea/]n slope4 ,/ill s\? ( t1 unse5 f "h1 is fam\s ,gunsight ,pass4 ,illu/ration3 ,f a photograph by ,haynes ,,pt>migan ,,lake ,,& ,,m\nt ,,wilbur1 ,,glaci] ,,national ,,p>k ,illu/ration3 ,f a photograph by ,a4,j4 ,?iri ,,scoop$ ,,bo? ,,sides ,,by ,,giant ,,glaci]s ,wall on ! left encloses ,iceb]g ,lake2 on ! "r is ! ,belly ,riv] abyss2 ,glaci] ,national ,p>k ,x is a /irr+ spectacle4 ,b wait4 ,a half-h\r's climb to ! summit ( ,swiftcurr5t ,m\nta9 close at h& 7! *alet is mo/ ( ! way up1 to />t )7 & all ( ,glaci] lies be=e y l a model 9 relief4 ,"h y see ! ,iceb]g ,cirque f )\t & above4 ,! ,belly ,riv] *asm yawns enorm\sly4 ,m\nt ,clevel&1 mon>* ( ! region1 flaunts 8 cr[n ( sn[ among 8 ne>-by c\rt ( only less] mon/]s4 ,! ,av5ue ( ! ,giants deeply splits ! nor!rn half ( ! p>k1 t l& ( extravagant acc5t1 my/]i\s because s little kn[n2 ! ,glaci] ( t\ri/s ly+ s\?4 ,a m>vell\s spectacle1 ?is1 inde$1 & "o :i* cle>s up _m misconceptions4 ,! ,canadian ,rockies hang on ! mi/y nor!rn horizon1 ! ,montana pla9s float ea/w>d1 ! ,am]ican ,rockies roll s\? & we/4 ,,ov] ,,gunsight ,,pass ,to me "o ( ! mo/ /irr+ sights 9 all ,glaci] is ! view ( ,gunsight ,pass f ! foot ( ,gunsight ,lake4 ,! imm5se glaci]$ uplift ( ,m\nt ,jackson on ! s\? ( ! pass1 ! wild :it5$ sides ( ,gunsight ,m\nta9 opposite dropp+ to ! upturn$ /rata ( r$ %ale at ! wat]'s edge1 ! pass itself--s well nam$--p]*$ above ! d>k precipice at ! lake's head1 ! corkscrew :i* ! trail makes up ,jackson's p]p5dicul> flank & its passage across a mammo? sn[-bank high 9 air--^! 9 contra/ ) ! sil5t black wat] ( ! sunk5 lake produce ev] ! same ?rill h[ev] (t5 se54 ,! look back1 too1 once ! pass is ga9$1 d[n ,/4 ,m>y's graci\s valley to ,go+-to-!-,sun ,m\nta9 & its horizon companions6 ,sun ,m\nta9 7= %ort71 always a p]sonality1 is nev] f any o!r po9t ( view s und5iably ! cr[n$ maje/y z f ,gunsight ,pass4 ,& f9ally1 look+ =w>d1 :i* 9 ?is speak+ means we/w>d1 ! fir/ revelation ( ,lake ,ell5 ,wilson gives a %ock ( aw$ a/oni%m5t ^: memory c nev] pass4 ,truly1 ,gunsight is a pass ( _m s5sations1 =1 leav+ ,lake ,ell5 ,wilson & its eighte5 hundr$ feet ( v]tical fro?+ outlet1 ! we/w>d trail crosses ! %\ld] ( ,l9coln ,peak to ! ,sp]ry ,glaci] & its invit+ *alet 7:]e ! bigge/ ho>y m>mot ,i ev] saw sat ^u my dormitory por*71 &1 eight miles f>!r d[n ! m\nta91 beautiful ,lake ,mc,donald4 ,,de/9y ,,( ,,! ,,we/ ,,side ,al?\gh x 0 settl$ e>li]1 ,glaci]'s we/ side is less develop$ ?an its ea/ side2 ?is because1 = ! mo/ "p1 its sc5]y is less s5sational ?\gh no less gorge\sly beautiful4 ,its five long lakes1 ( :i* ,mc,donald is mu* ! longe/ & l>ge/1 head up t[>d ! sn[y mon/]s ( ! divide2 _! ?9 bodies w9d leisurely we/w>d among sup]bly =e/$ slopes4 ,its day is /ill to come4 ,x is ! l& ( ! be>1 ! moose1 ! de]1 ! tr\t1 & summ] leisure4 ,its de/9y is to become ,glaci]'s vacation playgr\nd4 ,,! ,,com+ ,,spl5dors ,,( ,,! ,,nor? ,! wild nor? side ( ,glaci]1 its l>g]1 bigg]-featur$1 & occasionally great] "p1 is n yet = ! usual t\ri/2 = _m ye>s f ?is writ+1 d\btless1 none w "k x b ! travell] ) t5t & pack-tra94 ,he alone1 & may 8 tribe increase1 w enjoy ! gorge\s cirques & canyons ( ! ,belly ,riv]1 ! wild quietude ( ! ,wat]ton ,valley1 ! regal spl5dors ( ,br[n ,pass1 & ! headwat] spectacles ( ! ,logg+1 ,qu>tz1 ,b[man1 & ,k9tla valleys4 ,he alone w realize t "h is a l& ( great] p[]1 l>g] measures1 & bigg] horizons4 ,& yet ) ,k9tla comes climax4 ,cross+ ! bord] ! m\nta9s subside1 ! glaci]s disappe>4 ,canada's ,wat]ton ,lakes ,p>k beg9s at our climax & m]ges 9 half a doz5 miles into ! great prairies ( ,alb]ta4 ,x is _m miles nor?we/ be=e ! ,canadian ,rockies assume proportions ( sup]lative sc5ic gr&eur4 ,,! ,,belly ,,riv] ,,valleys ,to realize ! gr[+ bigness ( ! l& nor?w>d "o has only to cross ! wall f ,iceb]g ,lake into ! ,belly ,riv] canyon4 ,only1 inde$6 ,9 #aiag x took u =ty miles ( det\r outside ! p>k1 ev5 "u ! %ad[ ( ,*ief ,m\nta91 to cross ! wall f ,iceb]g ,lake1 ! we/-side precipice ( :i* is /eep] ev5 ?an ! ea/4 ,! ,belly ,riv] dra9age-bas9 is itself bigg]1 & its m\nta9s bulk 9 proportion4 ,eighte5 glaci]s contribute to ! mak+ ( p]haps z _m lakes4 ,! yell[ m\nta9s ( its nor!rn slopes invade ,canada4 ,! bord]s ( its pr9cipal valley are two mon/] m\nta9s1 ,clevel&1 ! greate/ 9 ! p>k = mass & height & intricate outl9e2 ! o!r1 ,m]ritt1 9 "s respects ! mo/ int]e/+ ( ,glaci]'s abundant collection ( maje/ic peaks4 ,!re are ?ree valleys4 ,! ,nor? ,=k f9ds its way quickly into ,canada4 ,! ,middle ,=k rises 9 a gr\p ( glaci]s high "u ! cont95tal divide & desc5ds f\r giant /eps1 a lake ^u ea* /ep1 to two great] lakes ( noble aspect 9 ! valley bottom4 ,! ,s\? ,=k em]ges f ,hel5 ,lake deep 9 ! gulf bel[ ! ,ah]n ,glaci] across ! ,g>d5 ,wall f ,iceb]g ,lake4 ,betwe5 ! ,middle & ,s\? ,=ks ,m\nt ,m]ritt rises #i1idd feet 9 altitude1 m9>et$ l a m$iaeval =t & holl[ z a b[l1 its gap+ *asm hung ) glaci]s4 ,?is is ! valley ( abundance4 ,! wat]s are l>ge1 _! tr\t _m & vigor\s2 ! bottoms are extravagantly ri* 9 grasses & fl[]s2 ! =e/s are heavy & full-bodi$2 !re is no op5 place1 ev5 miles beyond its b\nd>ies1 :i* does n (f] views ( extraord9>y nobility4 ,e man :o ent]s x becomes en?usia/ically prophetic ( its future4 ,aft] all1 ! ,belly ,riv] c\ntry is easily visit$4 ,a leisurely horseback j\rney f ,mc,dermott1 t is all2 ?ree days among ! /range yell[ m\nta9s ( ! ov] ?ru/'s ea/]n edge1 includ+ two aft]noons among ! fight+ tr\t ( ,k5n$y ,creek & ,slide ,lake1 & two nights 9 camp among ! wild b>e arroyos ( ! ,algonkian invasion ( ! prairie--an int]e/+ prelude to ! fulness ( wild]ness life to come4 ,i dwell ^u ! ,belly valleys because _! size1 magnific5ce1 & accessibility sugge/ a future ( public use2 no?+ w\ld be easi]1 = in/ance1 ?an a road f ,babb to jo9 ! road already 9 f ,canada4 ,! "n naturally ar\ses curiosity4 ,:y ,belly8 ,0 x n ! ,anglo-,saxon fronti]'s pronunciation ( ! ,fr5*man's orig9al ,belle8 ,! riv]1 rememb]1 is ma9ly ,canadian4 ,surely 9 all its =ks & tribut>ies x 0 & is ! ,beautiful ,riv]4 ,,! ,,av5ue ,,( ,,! ,,giants ,! ,av5ue ( ! ,giants looms 9 any =eca/ ( ,glaci]'s future4 ,x really consi/s ( two valleys jo9$ end on at _! beg9n+s on ,flattop ,m\nta92 ,mc,donald ,creek fl[+ s\?1 ,little ,koot5ai fl[+ nor?4 ,! road :i* w replace ! pres5t trail up ?is av5ue f ! mu*-travell$ s\? to ,wat]ton ,lake & ,canada is a matt] d\btless ( a di/ant future1 b x is s manife/ly de/9y t x mu/ be accept$ z ! key to ! great] ,glaci] to come4 ,unit+ at its s\!rn end roads f bo? sides ( ! divide1 x w rea* ! ,belly valleys by way ( ,ah]n ,pass1 ! ,b[man & ,k9tla valleys by way ( ,br[n ,pass1 & w t]m9ate at ! important t\ri/ settlem5t :i* is de/9$ to gr[ at ! spl5did ,am]ican end ( ,wat]ton ,lake4 ,incid5tally x w become an important motor-highway betwe5 ,canada & ,am]ica4 ,until !n1 ?\gh all ^! are n[ accessible by trail1 ! high di/9ction ( ! ,b[man & ! ,k9tla valleys' supreme expression ( ! gl[+ g5ius ( ?is :ole c\ntry w rema9 unkn[n to any consid]able body ( travell]s4 ,,! ,,climax ,,( ,,b[man ,,& ,,k9tla ,&1 aft] all1 ! ,b[man & ,k9tla regions are ,glaci]'s ultimate expression1 ,b[man ( h] beauty1 ,k9tla ( h] maje/y4 ,no "o :o has se5 ! foam+ cascades ( ,m\nt ,peabody & a lo/ outlet ( ! l(ty ,b\ld] ,glaci] em]g+ dramatically ?r\gh ,hole-9-!-,wall ,fall1 = all ! _w l a horsetail fa/5$ ^u ! face ( a cliff1 :o has look$ ^u ! ,gu>dh\se f ,br[n ,pass & trac$ ! di/ant w9d+s ( ,b[man ,lake betwe5 ! flut$ precipice ( ,ra9b[ ,peak & ! fad+ slopes ( ,indian ,ridge2 or has look$ ^u ! mighty monoli? ( ,k9tla ,peak ris+ five ?\s& feet f ! lake 9 its gulf-l valley1 spread+ ^u its %\ld]s1 l w+s prep>$ = flight1 ! broad gleam+ glaci]s kn[n z ,k9tla & ,agassiz1 w )hold 8 gu]don = a mom5t4 ,illu/ration3 ,f a photograph by ! ,u4,s4 ,geological ,survey ,,%[+ ,,! ,,agassiz ,,glaci] ,k9tla ,peak1 ,glaci] ,national ,p>k1 #e1jjj feet above ! lake spreads glaci]s out ei!r way l w+s ,illu/ration3 ,f a photograph by ,m4,r4 ,campbell ,,beautiful ,,b[man ,,lake1 ,,glaci] ,,national ,,p>k ,x heads close up "u ! ,cont95tal ,divide1 :]e is f\nd "s ( ! mo/ /rik+ sc5]y ( ,am]ica ,"h aga9 we repeat1 = ! hundr$? or m "t 9 our leisurely survey ( ! p>k1 :at ! ,engli%man said ( ! spectacle ( ,/4 ,m>y3 ,!re is no?+ l x 9 ! _w4 ,,xiv ,,rock ,,records ,,( ,a ,,vani%$ ,,race ,,mesa ,,v]de ,,national ,,p>k1 ,,s\?we/]n ,,colorado4 ,,area1 #gg ,,squ>e ,,miles ,i ,_m ye>s1 possibly c5turies1 be=e ,columbus discov]$ ,am]ica1 a community ( cliff-dwell]s inhabit+ a gr\p ( canyons 9 :at is n[ s\?we/]n ,colorado entirely disappe>$4 ,_m g5]ations be=e t1 aga9 possibly c5turies1 ! f\nd]s ( ?is community1 ab&on+ ! primitive pueblos ( _! p else:]e1 _h s\ght new homes 9 ! valleys tribut>y to ! ,mancos ,riv]4 ,p]haps !y 7 ent]pris+ "y m5 & wom5 dissatisfi$ ) ! poor & unprogressive life at home4 ,p]haps !y 7 diss5t]s f anci5t religi\s =ms1 outca/s & pilgrims1 = !re is abundant evid5ce t ! prehi/oric sun-wor%ipp]s ( our s\?we/ 7 deeply religi\s1 & human nature is ! same "u sk9s ( all colors 9 e l& & age4 ,m likely !y 7 m]ely ?rifty pione]s attract$ to ! gre5 c$>-gr[n mesas by ! hope ( bett] conditions4 ,:atev] ! reason = _! pilgrimage1 x is a fair inf]5ce t1 l our own ,pilgrim ,fa!rs1 !y 7 /urdy ( body & progressive ( _s1 = !y _h a culture :i* _! desc5dants c>ri$ beyond t ( o!r tribes & communities ( prehi/oric p 9 ,am]ica nor? ( ! l& ( ! ,aztecs4 ,beg9n+ ) mode/ /one /ructures ( ! usual cliff-dwell]s' type built 9 deep clefts 9 ! mesa's p]p5dicul> cliff1 safe f enemies above & bel[1 ^! ent]pris+ p develop$ 9 "t a complicat$ ar*itecture ( a high ord]2 !y advanc$ ! arts beyond ! practice ( _! =efa!rs & _! neighbors2 !y h]d$ cattle ^u ! mesas2 !y rais$ corn & melons 9 cle>+s 9 ! =e/s1 & wat]$ _! crops 9 ! dry seasons by means ( simple irrigation sy/ems z s\ndly sci5tific1 s f> z !y w5t1 z ^? ( to-day2 outgr[+ _! cliff homes1 !y invad$ ! neighbor+ mesas1 :]e !y built pueblos & m ambiti\s /ructures4 ,!n1 app>5tly sudd5ly1 = !y left beh9d !m _m ( _! h\sehold goods1 & left unf9i%$ an elaborate temple to _! god1 ! sun1 !y vani%$4 ,!re is no clew to ! reason or ! mann] ( _! go+4 ,meantime ,european civilization 0 pu%+ 9 all directions4 ,columbus discov]$ ,am]ica2 ,de ,soto explor$ ! s\!a/ & asc5d$ ! ,mississippi2 ,cortez pu%$ into ,mexico & conqu]$ ! ,aztecs2 ,spani% prie/s c>ri$ ! gospel nor? & we/ f ! ,antilles to ! cont95t2 ,raleigh s5t explor]s to ,virg9ia2 ! ,pilgrim ,fa!rs l&$ 9 ,massa*usetts2 ! :ite man pu%$ ! ,indian aside1 & at la/ ! ,european pione] s\ght a prec>i\s liv+ on ! s&s ( ! s\?we/4 ,"o ,decemb] day 9 #ahhh ,ri*>d & ,alfr$ ,we!rill hunt$ lo/ cattle on ! top ( "o ( ! gre5 mesas nor? & we/ ( ! ,mancos ,riv]4 ,!y knew ?is mesa well4 ,_m a "t be=e _h !y r\nd$ up _! h]ds & /alk$ ! de] among ! ?9 c$> & p9yon =e/s4 ,(t51 d\btless1 9 _! explorations ( ! broad ,mancos ,valley bel[1 !y _h happ5$ ^u ru9s ( primitive isolat$ or gr\p$ /one build+s hidd5 by sage-bru%1 half buri$ 9 rock & s&4 ,no d\bt1 ar\nd _! ran* fire1 !y _h (t5 speculat$ conc]n+ ! mann] ( m5 t _h inhabit$ ^! l[ly /ructures s _m ye>s be=e t sometimes ag$ c$>s grew ^u ! brok5 walls4 ,b ?is ,decemb] day br\ght ! ,we!rills ! surprise ( _! unev5tful lives4 ,"s ( ! cattle _h w&]$ f>1 & ! se>* l$ to ! v br9k ( a deep & n>r[ canyon1 across :i*1 9 a long deep cleft "u ! ov]hang ( ! opposite cliff1 !y saw :at appe>$ to be a city4 ,^? :o h look$ ^u ! /irr+ spectacle ( ,cliff ,palace f ?is po9t c imag9e ! a/oni%m5t ( ^! ran*m54 ,:e!r or n ! lo/ cattle 7 ev] f\nd is n record$1 b we may assume t liv+ on ! mesa 0 n pl5tiful en\gh to make ! ,we!rills =get !m 9 ! pleasure ( discov]+ a ru94 ,b !y lo/ no "t 9 inve/igat+ _! f9d1 & soon aft] cross$ ! canyon & climb$ into ?is prehi/oric city4 ,!y nam$ x ,cliff ,palace1 mo/ inappropriately1 by ! way1 = x 0 9 fact t mo/ democratic ( /ructures1 a community dwell+4 ,pu%+ _! explorations f>!r1 pres5tly !y discov]$ also a small] ru91 :i* !y nam$ ,spruce ,tree ,h\se1 because a prom95t spruce grew 9 front ( x4 ,^! are ! l>ge/ two cliff-dwell+s 9 ! ,mesa ,v]de ,national ,p>k1 &1 until ,doctor ,j4 ,walt] ,fewkes une>!d ,sun ,temple 9 #aiae1 among ! mo/ extraord9>y prehi/oric build+s nor? ( ,mexico4 ,!re are ?\s&s ( prehi/oric ru9s 9 our s\?we/1 & _m besides ^? ( ! ,mesa ,v]de are examples ( an aborig9al civilization4 ,hundr$s ( canyons tell ! /ory ( ! anci5t cliff-dwell]s2 & /ill m num]\s are ! rema9s ( communal h\ses built ( /one or sun-dri$ brick "u ! op5 sky4 ,^! pueblos 9 ! op5 are ei!r isolat$ /ructures l ! less] cliff-dwell+s1 or are cr[d$ toge!r till !y t\* walls1 z 9 our mod]n cities2 (t5 !y 7 sev]al /ories high1 ! floors connect$ by ladd]s4 ,sometimes1 = protection aga9/ ! elem5ts1 :ole villages 7 built 9 caves4 ,pueblos occasionally may be se5 f ! c>-w9d[ 9 ,new ,mexico4 ,! lea/ modifi$ ( ! prehi/oric type :i* are occupi$ to-day are ! eight villages ( ! ,hopi ne> ! ,gr& ,canyon 9 ,arizona2 a sugge/ive reproduction ( a model pueblo1 famili> to _m ?\s&s :o h visit$ ! canyon1 /&s ne> ! ,el ,tov> ,hotel4 ,x 0 n !re=e because ( ! r>ity ( prehi/oric dwell+s ( ei!r type t ! cliff villages ( ! ,mesa ,v]de 7 cons]v$ z a national p>k1 nor only because !y are ! be/ pres]v$ ( all ,nor? ,am]ican ru9s1 b because !y disclose a type ( ?is culture 9 advance ( all o!rs4 ,! build]s & inhabitants ( ^! dwell+s 7 ,indians hav+ physical features common to all ,am]ican tribes4 ,t _! accompli%m5t diff]$ 9 degree f t ( ! %iftless w>-mak+ tribes nor? & ea/ ( !m1 & f t ( ! cultur$ & arti/ic ,mayas ( ,c5tral ,am]ica1 0 d\btless due to diff]5ces 9 conditions ( liv+4 ,! /ruggle = b>e exi/5ce 9 ! s\?we/1 l t ( ! habitats ( o!r ,nor? ,am]ican ,indians1 0 int5se2 b ^! 7 agriculturali/s & protect$ by environm5t4 ,! des]t 0 a h&icap1 ( c\rse1 b x (f]$ opportunity 9 _m places = dry f>m+2 ! ,indian rais$ 8 corn4 ,! w9t]s1 too1 7 %ort4 ,x is only 9 ! s\?we/ t ent]prise develop$ ! ar*itecture ( /one h\ses :i* di/+ui% pueblo ,indians f o!rs 9 ,nor? ,am]ica4 ,! dwell]s 9 ! ,mesa ,v]de 7 m =tunate ev5 ?an _! fell[ pueblo dwell]s4 ,! =e/$ mesas1 s diff]5t f ! arid cliffs f>!r s\? & we/1 possess$ con/ant moi/ure & f]tile soil4 ,! grasses lur$ ! de] )9 capture4 ,! ,mancos ,riv] provid$ fi%4 ,above all1 ! remot5ess ( ^! fa/ness canyons f ! trails ( raid]s & trad]s & _! ease ( def5se made = long g5]ations ( peace4 ,! ent]prise innate 9 ! _s ( man did ! re/4 ,,ii ,! hi/ory ( ! ,mesa ,v]de ,national ,p>k began ) ! mak+ ( ,am]ica4 ,all :o h travell$ 9 ! s\?we/ h se5 mesas f ! c>-w9d[4 ,new ,mexico1 ,arizona1 & p>ts ( ,colorado & ,utah1 ! region ( ! pueblos1 con/itute an elevat$ plateau l>gely arid4 ,_m millions ( ye>s ago all 0 subm]g$ 9 ! int]cont95tal sea2 9 fact ! region 0 sea _m times1 = x rose & fell alt]nately1 accumulat+ ?\s&s ( feet ( s&s & gravels mu* ( :i* h>d5$ into /one aft] ! sl[ great uplift+ :i* made x ! l(ty plateau ( to-day4 ,erosion did its "w4 ,= a million ye>s or m ! floods ( spr+ h wa%$ d[n ! s&s & gravels1 & ! riv]s h c>ri$ !m into ! sea4 ,?\s&s ( v]tical feet h disappe>$ 9 ?is way f ! pot5tial altitude ( ! region4 ,! spr+ floods are /ill wa%+ d[n ! s&s & gravels1 & ! canyons1 cliffs1 & mesas ( ! des]t are disclos$ to-day z /ages 9 ! et]nal levell+4 ,?us 7 creat$ ! canyons & mesas ( ! ,mesa ,v]de4 ,mesa1 by ! way1 is ,spani% = table1 & v]de = gre54 ,^!1 !n1 are ! gre5 tablel&s1 =e/-cov]$ & dur+ ! summ] gr[n scantily ) grass & ri*ly ) fl[]s4 ,! ,mesa ,v]de ,national ,p>k 0 creat$ by act ( ,congress 9 ,june1 #aijf1 & enl>g$ sev5 ye>s lat]4 ,! ,mancos ,riv]1 on its way to ! ,san ,juan & !nce to ! ,colorado & ! passage ( ! ,gr& ,canyon1 =ms its s\!rn b\nd>y4 ,scores ( canyons1 l>ge & small1 ne>ly all dry except at ! spr+ floods1 are tribut>y4 ,all ( ^! tr5d s\?2 9 a g5]al way !y are p>allel4 ,ea* ( ! great] /ems has its less] tribut>ies & ea* ( ^! its less] =ks4 ,betwe5 ! canyons lie ! mesas4 ,_! tops1 if cont9u$ )\t break1 w\ld =m a m or less level surface2 t is1 all _h be5 a pla9 be=e floods cut ! sep>at+ canyons4 ,! region has a wond]ful sc5ic *>m4 ,x is m>k$ly diff]5t 9 quality f o!r national p>ks1 b 9 its own way is q z />tl+ & beautiful4 ,comp>ison is impossible because ( ! lack ( elem5ts 9 common1 b x may be said t ! ,mesa ,v]de repres5ts our great s\?we/ 9 "o ( its mo/ fasc9at+ phases1 comb9+ ! fundam5tals ( ! des]t ) ! flavor ( ! ne>-by m\nta9s4 ,! canyons1 :i* are sev5 or eight hundr$ feet deep & two or ?ree times z wide :]e ! cliff-dwell+s ga!r1 are prevail+ly tawny yell[4 ,masses ( slop+ talus rea* m ?an half-way up2 above !m ! cliffs are p]p5dicul>2 x is 9 cavities 9 ^! p]p5dicul>s t ! cliff-dwell+s hide4 ,above ! cliffs are l[ gr[?s ( yell[i%-gre5 c$> ) p9yons & o!r conif]s ( d>k] foliage4 ,b5ea? ! trees & cov]+ ! _m op5s gr[s ! famili> sage ( ! des]t1 a gray :i* h9ts at gre5 & yell[ bo? b realizes nei!r4 ,b ! sage-bru% %elt]s des]t grasses1 &1 ar\nd ! occasional spr+s & _! sl5d] outlets1 grass gr[s rank & pl5te\s2 a little wat] c\nts = a great deal 9 ! des]t4 ,illu/ration3 ,,outl9e ,,( ,,! ,,mesa ,,v]de ,,=mation ,%[+ ! mann] 9 :i* wat] erosion is r$uc+ ! pla9s to canyons & mesas4 ,! ,mesa ,v]de cliff-dwell]s built _! homes 9 caves 9 ! p]p5dicul> cliffs above ! slop+ talus ,summ]1 !n1 is delightful on ! ,mesa ,v]de4 ,! plateau is high & ! air invigorat+1 w>m by day 9 midsumm]1 always cool at night4 ,! atmosph]e is m>vell\sly cle>1 & ! sunsets are fam\s4 ,! w9t] sn[s1 :i* rea* ?ree or f\r feet 9 dep?1 disappe> 9 ,april4 ,f ,may to ,?anksgiv+ ! region is 9 its prime4 ,x is important to realize t ?is l& has mu* = ! visitor besides its ru9s4 ,x has vigor1 di/9ction1 p]sonality1 & rem>kable *>m4 ,x is ! highe/ example ( "o ( ,am]ica's mo/ di/9ctive & important sc5ic phases1 & ?is )\t ref]5ce to its prehi/oric dwell+s4 ,no ,am]ican travell] kn[s 8 ,am]ica1 ev5 ! great s\?we/1 :o does n "k ! bord]-l& :]e des]t & =e/ m+le4 ,! ,s\!rn ,ute ,indian ,res]vation bites a l>ge rectangle f ! s\!a/ corn] ( ! p>k1 b its inhabitants are v diff]5t 9 quality ( m9d & _s f ! anci5t & rev]5t build]s ( ,sun ,temple4 ,res]vation ,indians frequ5tly ent] ! p>k1 b !y _c be p]suad$ to approa* ! cliff-dwell+s4 ,! little p1 !y tell y1 live !re1 & nei!r tea*+ nor example w conv9ce !m t ^! invisible inhabitants w n injure intrud]s4 ,"s ( ^! ,indians allege t x 0 _! own ance/ors :o built ! cliff-dwell+s1 b !re is nei!r record nor tradition to support su* a claim4 ,! fact appe>s to be t ! ,utes 7 ! anci5t enemies ( ?is p4 ,!re is a ,ute tradition ( a victory ov] ! anci5t pueblo-dwell]s at ,battle ,rock 9 ,mc,elmo ,canyon4 ,!re are1 on ! o!r h&1 _m reasons = ! op9ion t ! ,hopi ,indians ( ! pres5t day1 s f> at lea/ z culture goes1 are desc5dants ( ?is rem>kable prehi/oric p4 ,besides ! _m simil>ities betwe5 ! ar*itectural types ( ! ,mesa ,v]de & ! pueblos ( ! mod]n ,hopi1 c>eful inve/igators h f\nd sugge/ive po9ts ( simil>ity 9 _! ut5sils1 _! art =ms1 & _! cu/oms4 ,doctor ,fewkes cites a ,hopi tradition to t effect by m5tion+ ! visit ( a ,hopi c\ri] a few ye>s ago to prehi/oric ru9s 9 ! ,navajo ,national ,monum5t to obta9 wat] f an ance/ral spr+ = use 9 a ,hopi religi\s c]emonial4 ,if ^! traditions are f\nd$ 9 fact1 ! promis+ civilization ( ! ,mesa ,v]de has sadly retrograd$ 9 its transplant+4 ,hopi ar*itecture & masonry %[s m>k$ retrogression f ! spl5did types ( ! ,mesa ,v]de4 ,:5 ! telephone-l9e 0 "u con/ruction to connect ! p>k ) ! outside _w1 ! ,indians f ! adjo9+ ,ute res]vation became suspici\s & re/less4 ,^u he>+ its purpose1 !y begg$ ! sup]9t5d5t n to g on ) ! "w1 :i* 0 c]ta9 to br+ evil to ! neighborhood4 ,! little p1 !y solemnly decl>$1 w n l x4 ,!y assur$ ! sup]9t5d5t t ! wires w\ld n talk4 ,! little p w n let !m talk1 !y told him4 ,b ! l9e 0 complet$ & ! wires talk$4 ,! p>k is rea*$ by motor & rail4 ,f ,d5v]1 ,salt ,lake ,city1 & ,santa ,fe railroad r\tes (f] *oice ( "s ( ! bigge/ c\ntry ( ! ,rockies4 ,f ei!r direction a night is sp5t en r\te 9 a m\nta9 m9+-t[n1 an exp]i5ce :i* has its usefulness 9 prep>ation = ! contra/$ & unusual exp]i5ce to come4 ,entrance is ?r\gh ,mancos1 f :i* motor-/ages ?read ! maze ( canyons & mesas f ! highl&s ( ! nor!rn bord] to ! deep canyons ( ! s\? :]e clu/] ! ru9s ( di/9ction4 ,?is entry is delightful4 ,! road crosses ! nor!rn b\nd>y at ! base ( a l(ty butte kn[n z ,po9t ,look\t1 ! p>k's highe/ elevation4 ,encircl+ its ea/]n side & cross+ ! ,morefield ,canyon ! road p]*es = sev]al miles ^u ! s9u\s cre/ ( a ridge m ?an eight ?\s& feet 9 altitude1 ^: nor? side plunges eighte5 hundr$ feet into ! broad ,montezuma ,valley1 & ^: g5tle s\!rn slope holds ! small beg9n+s ( ! great canyons ( ! cliff-dwell]s4 ,bo? nor? & s\? ! panorama unfolds 9 impressive gr&eur1 eloqu5t ( ! beautiful scanty l& & ( ! difficult conditions ( liv+ :i* confront$ ! /urdy build]s ^: anci5t ma/]pieces we are on our way to see4 ,at ! nor!rn end ( ,*ap9 ,mesa we sw+ %>ply s\? & foll[ its slope1 pres5tly ent]+ ! w>m1 gl[+1 sc5t$ =e/s1 ?r\gh :i* we spe$ to ! hotel-camp p]*$ ^u a bluff ov]look+ ! dep?s ( ,spruce ,canyon4 ,^u ! top & "u ! eaves ( ?is mesa are f\nd v f9e types ( prehi/oric civilization4 ,at ,mummy ,lake1 half-way d[n ! mesa1 we pass$ on ! way a good example ( pueblo ar*itecture1 & )9 an easy walk ( our t]m9al camp we f9d "s ( ! noble/ examples ( cliff-dwell+s 9 exi/5ce4 ,"h x 01 ne> ! head ( ?is remote1 ne>ly inaccessible1 canyon1 gu>d$ by nature's ramp>ts1 t aborig9al ,am]ican g5ius be=e ! com+ ( ! ,anglo-,saxon f\nd its culm9at+ expression4 ,9 ?is _s ! ?\ghtful ,am]ican ( to-day ent]s ! ,mesa ,v]de ,national ,p>k & exam9es its preci\s memorials4 ,,iii ,al?\gh ! accid5t ( ! road br+s ! travell] fir/ to ! mesa-top pueblos ( ! ,mummy ,lake di/rict1 hi/orical sequ5ce sugge/s t exam9ation beg9 ) ! cliff-dwell+s4 ,( ! _m examples ( ^! rema9s 9 ! p>k1 ,cliff ,palace1 ,spruce ,tree ,h\se1 & ,balcony ,h\se are ! mo/ important because !y concisely & completely cov] ! range ( life & ! fulness ( developm5t4 ,?is is n ! place = detail$ descriptions ( ^! ru9s4 ,! special publications ( ! ,national ,p>k ,s]vice & p>ticul>ly ! writ+s ( ,doctor ,j4 ,walt] ,fewkes ( ! ,smi?sonian ,in/itution1 :o has devot$ _m ye>s ( brilliant inve/igation to ,am]ican prehi/oric rema9s1 are obta9able f gov]nm5t s\rces4 ,"h we %all briefly consid] sev]al types4 ,x is impossible1 )\t ref]5ce to photographs1 to convey a concise adequate idea ( ,cliff ,palace4 ,se5 f across its canyon ! spl5did cresc5t-%ap$ ru9 (f]s to ! unaccu/om$ eye little t is common to mod]n ar*itecture4 ,prom95tly 9 ! =egr\nd1 l>ge circul> wells at once *all5ge int]e/4 ,^! 7 ! kivas1 or c]emonial rooms ( ! community1 c5tres ( ! religi\s activities :i* c\nt$ s importantly 9 pueblo life4 ,"h x 0 t m5 ga!r$ mon?ly to wor%ip _! gods4 ,9 ! floors ( "s kivas are small holes repres5t+ symbolically ! entrance to ! und]world1 & ar\nd ^! f "t to "t prie/s d\btless p]=m$ ar*aic c]emonies & communicat$ ) ! dead4 ,ea* family or clan 9 ! community is suppos$ to h _h its own kiva4 ,! kiva walls ( ,cliff ,palace %[ "s ( ! f9e/ prehi/oric masonry 9 ,am]ica4 ,all are subt]ranean1 :i* 9 a few in/ances necessitat$ excavation 9 floors ( solid rock4 ,! ro(s 7 support$ by p$e/als ris+ f mural banquettes1 usually six p$e/als to a kiva2 ! kiva suppos$ to h belong$ to ! *iefs clan _h eight p$e/als1 & "o1 p]haps belong+ to a clan ( less] prom95ce1 _h only two4 ,sev]al kivas :i* lack ro(-supports may h be5 ( diff]5t type or us$ = less] c]emonials4 ,all except ^! h fireplaces & v5tilators4 ,entrance 0 by ladd] f ! ro(4 ,o!r rooms id5tifi$ are liv+-rooms1 /orage-rooms1 mill+-rooms1 & r\nd & squ>e t[]s1 besides :i* !re are d>k rooms ( unkn[n use & sev]al r\nd rooms :i* are nei!r kivas nor t[]s4 ,sev]al ( ! liv+-rooms h rais$ b5*es evid5tly us$ = b$s1 & 9 "o ( !m pegs = hold+ clo?+ /ill rema9 9 ! walls4 ,! rooms are smoo?ly pla/]$ or pa9t$4 ,mills = gr9d+ corn 7 f\nd 9 "o room 9 r[s2 9 o!rs1 s+ly4 ,! "w 0 done by wom51 :o rubb$ ! upp] /one aga9/ ! l[] by h&4 ,! re/s = _! feet :ile at "w /ill rema9 9 place2 also ! bru%es = sweep+ up ! meal4 ,! small /orage-rooms _h /one doors1 c>efully seal$ ) clay to keep out mice & prev5t moi/ure f spoil+ ! corn & meal4 ,"o ( ! mo/ /rik+ build+s 9 ,cliff ,palace is ! ,r\nd ,t[]1 two /ories high1 :i* n only 0 an obs]vatory1 z is indicat$ by its peep-holes1 b also s]v$ purposes 9 religi\s fe/ivals4 ,its masonry belongs to ! f9e/ nor? ( ,mexico4 ,! /ones are beautifully fitt$ & dress$4 ,! ,squ>e ,t[] :i* /&s at ! s\!rn end ( ! village is f\r /ories high1 rea*+ ! ro( ( ! cave4 ,! inn] walls ( its ?ird /ory are elaborately pa9t$ ) r$ & :ite symbols1 triangles1 zigzags1 & p>allels1 ! significance ( :i* is n kn[n4 ,! l$ge "u :i* ,cliff ,palace is built =ms a ro( t ov]hangs ! /ructure4 ,an entrance1 probably ! pr9cipal "o1 came f bel[ to a c\rt at a l[] level ?an ! floor1 f :i* access 0 by ladd]4 ,spruce ,tree ,h\se1 :i* may h be5 built aft] ,cliff ,palace1 has a circul> room ) w9d[s :i* 7 orig9ally suppos$ to h be5 port-holes = def5se4 ,doctor ,fewkes1 h[ev]1 sugge/s a m probable purpose1 z ! position ( ! room does n specially sugge/ a =tress4 ,?r\gh ! op5+s 9 ?is room ! sun-prie/ may h wat*$ ! sett+ sun to det]m9e ! "t = c]emonies4 ,! room 0 ent]$ f above1 l a kiva4 ,ano!r room1 diff]+ f any 9 o!r cliff-dwell+s1 has be5 nam$ ! ,w>riors' ,room because1 unlike sleep+-rooms1 its b5* surr\nds ?ree sides1 & because1 unlike any o!r room1 x is built above a kiva4 ,only ! exig5cies ( def5se1 x is suppos$1 w\ld w>rant s m>k$ a dep>ture f ! prescrib$ religi\s =m ( room4 ,balcony ,h\se has special int]e/1 ap>t f its comm&+ location1 p]fection ( workman%ip & unusual beauty1 & because ( ! +5uity ( ! def5ses ( its only possible entrance4 ,at ! top ( a /eep trail a cave-l passage betwe5 rocks is wall$ s z to leave a door capable ( admitt+ only "o at a "t1 beh9d :i* two or ?ree m5 c\ld /rike d[n1 "o by "o1 an attack+ army4 ,out ( ^! simple ar*itectural elem5ts1 toge!r ) ! ut5sils & weapons f\nd 9 ! ru9s1 ! imag9ation readily con/ructs a picture ( ! au/]e1 labori\s1 highly religi\s1 & d\btless happy lives l$ by ! e>ne/ p :o built ^! anci5t dwell+s 9 ! caves4 ,:5 all ! neighborhood caves 7 fill$ to ov]fl[+ ) increas+ population1 & g5]ations ( peace _h wr\ght a confid5ce :i* _h n exi/$ :5 ! pione]s _h s\ght safety 9 caves1 ^! p v5tur$ to move out ( cliffs & to build ^u ! tops ( ! mesa4 ,:e!r all ! cave-dwell]s 7 desc5d$ f ! orig9al pilgrims or :e!r o!rs _h jo9$ !m aft]w>d is n kn[n1 b x seems evid5t t ! sep>ate communities _h f\nd "s common bond1 probably tribal1 & p]haps evolv$ "s common gov]nm5t4 ,no d\bt !y int]m>ri$4 ,no d\bt ! blood ( _m cliff-dwell+ communities m+l$ 9 ! new communities :i* built pueblos ^u ! mesa4 ,9 "t !re 7 _m ( ^! pueblos1 & !y 7 widely scatt]$2 !re are m\nds at int]vals all ov] ! ,mesa ,v]de4 ,! l>ge/ gr\p ( pueblos1 "o inf]s f ! numb] ( visible m\nds1 0 built ^u ! ,*ap9 ,mesa sev]al miles nor? ( ! above-m5tion$ cliff-dwell+ ne> a res]voir kn[n to-day z ,mummy ,lake4 ,x is !re1 !n1 t we %all n[ g 9 cont9uation ( our /ory4 ,illu/ration3 ,,prehi/oric ,,pott]y ,,f ,,mesa ,,v]de ,color+ & design z well z =m %[ high arti/ic s5se & clean workman%ip ,mummy ,lake is n a lake & no mummies 7 ev] f\nd !re4 ,?is old-"t designation applies to an artificial depression surr\nd$ by a l[ rude /one wall1 mu* crumbl$1 :i* 0 evid5tly a /orage res]voir = an irrigation sy/em ( "s size4 ,a numb] ( conspicu\s m\nds 9 ! neighborhood sugge/ ! =m] exi/5ce ( a village ( pueblos dep5d5t ^u ! f>ms = :i* ! irrigation sy/em _h be5 built4 ,"o ( ^!1 f :i* a few /ones protrud$1 0 excavat$ 9 #aiaf by ,doctor ,fewkes1 & has add$ a new & important *apt] to ! hi/ory ( ?is p4 ,?is pueblo has be5 nam$ ,f> ,view ,h\se4 ,its ext5sive vi/a includes f\r o!r gr\ps ( simil> m\nds4 ,ea* clu/] occurs 9 ! f]tile sage-bru% cle>+s :i* bloom 9 summ] ) a/]s & ,indian pa9t-bru%2 !re is no d\bt t good crops ( ,indian corn c\ld /ill be rais$ f ^! s&s to-day by dry-f>m+ me?ods4 ,f> ,view ,h\se is a pueblo1 a hundr$ & ?irte5 feet long by m ?an fifty feet wide1 n includ+ a full-l5g? plaza ab\t ?irty-five feet wide 9 :i* religi\s dances are suppos$ to h tak5 place4 ,! diff]5ces betwe5 ?is f9e /ructure & ! cliff-cities are consid]able4 ,! mo/ significant evid5ce ( progress1 p]haps1 is ! mod]n regul>ity ( ! gr\nd-plan4 ,! p>titions sep>at+ ! secul> rooms are cont9u\s ?r\gh ! build+1 & ! angles are g5]ally accurately "r angles4 ,! pueblo _h ?ree /ories4 ,x is ori5t$ approximately to ! c>d9al po9ts & 0 t]rac$ s\?w>d to secure a sunny exposure4 ,! /udy ( ! sol> movem5ts became an advanc$ sci5ce ) ^! p 9 ! latt] /ages ( _! developm5t4 ,x mu/ be rememb]$ t !y _h no compasses2 kn[+ no?+ ( ! nor? or any o!r fix$ po9t1 nev]!less !re is evid5ce t !y successfully work$ out ! sol/ices & plann$ _! lat] build+s accurately accord+ to c>d9al po9ts ( _! own calculation4 ,ano!r diff]5ce indicat+ developm5t is ! decrease 9 ! numb] ( kivas1 & ! con/ruction ( a s+le v l>ge kiva 9 ! middle ( ! build+4 ,its size sugge/s at once t ! individual clan organization ( cliff-dwell+ days _h "h giv5 place to a s+le prie/ly frat]nity1 sociologically a m>k$ advance4 ,draw+ p>allels ) ! bett]-kn[n cu/oms ( o!r primitive p1 we are at lib]ty1 if we please1 to inf] simil> progress 9 o!r directions4 ,! orig9al primitive communism 0 develop+ naturally1 ?\gh d\btless v sl[ly1 into some?+ ak9 to organiz$ society1 probably involv+ m complicat$ economic relation%ips 9 all dep>tm5ts ( liv+4 ,:ile _! masonry did n app>5tly improve 9 proportion1 ,f> ,view ,h\se %[s increase 9 ! numb] & v>iety ( ! decorative figures incis$ on hewn /ones4 ,! spiral1 repres5t+ ! coil$ s]p5t1 appe>s a numb] ( times1 z d _m comb9ations ( squ>es1 curves1 & angles arrang$ 9 fanciful design1 :i* may or may n h _h symbolic mean+s4 ,a c>eful exam9ation ( ! neighborhood discloses few details ( ! irrigation sy/em1 b x %[s a cemet]y ne> ! s\!a/ corn] ( ! build+ 9 :i* ! dead 7 sy/ematically buri$4 ,l>ge numb]s ( m9or antiquities 7 f\nd 9 ?is int]e/+ /ructure4 ,besides ! usual /one implem5ts ( ! mason & ! h\sekeep]1 _m in/rum5ts ( bone1 su* z ne$les1 dirks1 & bodk9s1 7 f\nd4 ,figur9es ( sev]al k9ds 7 une>!d1 c>v$ f s(t /one1 includ+ sev]al int5d$ to symbolize ,indian corn2 all ^! may h be5 idols4 ,fragm5ts ( pott]y 7 abundant1 9 full v>iety ( =m1 decoration1 & color1 b always ! mo/ anci5t types4 ,among ! bones ( animals1 ! frequ5cy ( ^? ( rabbits1 de]1 antelope1 elk1 & m\nta9-%eep indicate t meat =m$ no inconsid]able "p ( ! diet4 ,fabrics & embroid]ies 7 n discov]$1 z 9 ! cliff-dwell+s1 b !y may h disappe>$ 9 ! c5turies ?r\gh exposure to ! elem5ts4 ,f> ,view ,h\se may n %[ ! highe/ developm5t ( ! ,mummy ,lake clu/] ( pueblos1 & fur!r exhumations "h & 9 neighbor+ gr\ps may ?r[ fur!r light ^u ?is int]e/+ p 9 _! grop+s f d>kness to light4 ,meantime1 h[ev]1 return+ to ! neighborhood ( ! cliff-dwell+s1 let u exam9e a /ructure s late 9 ! hi/ory ( ^! p t !y left x unf9i%$4 ,sun ,temple /&s on a po9t ( ,*ap9 ,mesa1 some:at back f ! edge ( ,cliff ,canyon1 comm&+ an extraord9>y range ( c\ntry4 ,x is )9 full view ( ,cliff ,palace & o!r cliff-dwell+s ( importance & easy ( access4 ,f x1 "o c look s\?w>d to ! ,mancos ,riv]4 ,on e side a wide range ( mesa & canyon lies 9 full view4 ,! site is unrivall$ = a temple 9 :i* all c\ld wor%ip ) devotion4 ,:5 ,doctor ,fewkes1 9 ! e>ly summ] ( #aiae1 attack$ ! m\nd :i* _h be5 designat$ ,community ,h\se "u ! supposition t x cov]$ a ru9$ pueblo1 he _h no idea ( ! extraord9>y nature ( ! f9d await+ him1 al?\gh he 0 prep>$ f its %ape & o!r indications = some?+ out ( ! usual4 ,s :olly )\t p>allel 0 ! disclosure1 h[ev]1 t x 0 n till x 0 entirely uncov]$ t he v5tur$ a public conjecture z to its significance4 ,! gr\nd-plan ( ,sun ,temple is %ap$ l ! lett] ,d4 ,x encloses ano!r ,d-%ap$ /ructure occupy+ ne>ly two-?irds ( its total area1 )9 :i* are two l>ge kivas4 ,betwe5 ! out] & ! inn] ,d are passages & rooms1 & at "o end a ?ird kiva is surr\nd$ by rooms1 "o ( :i* is circul>4 ,sun ,temple is also impressive 9 size4 ,x is a hundr$ & tw5ty-"o feet long & sixty-f\r feet wide4 ,its walls av]age f\r feet 9 ?ickness1 & are d\ble-fac$1 enclos+ a c5tral core ( rubble2 !y are built ( ! neighborhood s&/one4 ,! masonry is ( f9e quality4 ,?is1 toge!r ) its symmetrical ar*itectural design1 its f9e proportions1 & its _m decorat$ /ones1 m>k x ! highe/ type ( ,mesa ,v]de ar*itecture4 ,illu/ration3 ,f a photograph by ,george ,l4 ,beam ,,sun ,,temple1 ,,mesa ,,v]de ,,national ,,p>k ,built by prehi/oric p to _! god1 ! sun1 & unf9i%$ :5 !y sudd5ly disappe>$ ,illu/ration3 ,f a photograph by ,george ,l4 ,beam ,,spruce ,,tree ,,h\se ,,f ,,across ,,! ,,canyon ,%[+ ! ov]hang+ rock ro( & ! =e/ :i* tops ! ,mesa ,v]de ,x 0 pla9ly unf9i%$4 ,walls _h ris5 9 "s places high] ?an 9 o!rs4 ,z yet !re 0 no ro(+4 ,no rooms _h be5 pla/]$4 ,( int]nal f9i%+ little 0 complet$1 & ( cont5ts1 ( c\rse1 !re 0 none4 ,! /one hamm]s & o!r ut5sils ( ! build]s 7 f\nd ly+ ab\t z if ?r[n d[n at day's close4 ,! kivas1 al?\gh circul>1 are unlike ^? ( ,cliff ,palace1 inasmu* z !y are above gr\nd1 n subt]ranean4 ,! mort> us$ 9 po9t+ %[s ! impress ( human h&s2 no tr[els 7 us$4 ,! walls exhibit _m /ones incis$ ) complicat$ designs1 l>gely geometric2 "s may be mason's m>ks2 o!rs are decorative or symbolic4 ,^! designs indicate a m>k$ advance ov] ^? 9 ,f> ,view ,h\se2 9 fact !y are f> m complicat$ & arti/ic ?an any 9 ! s\?we/4 ,b>e & ineloqu5t ?\gh its unf9i%$ condition left x1 ! religi\s purposes ( ! entire build+ are cle> to ! ar*aeologi/ 9 its =m4 ,&1 z if to make conjecture c]ta9ty1 a %r9e 0 uncov]$ on ! corn]-/one ( ! out] wall :i* frames 9 solid /one walls a l>ge fossil palm-leaf ^: rays /rongly sugge/ ! sun6 ,x requires no imag9ation to picture ! effect :i* ! orig9al discov]y ( ?is image ( _! god mu/ h _h ^u a primitive community ( sun-wor%ipp]s4 ,x mu/ h seem$ to !m a div9e gift1 a promise1 l ! ,ark ( ! ,cov5ant1 ( ! favor ( ! ,almighty4 ,x may ev5 h fir/ sugge/$ ! idea ( build+ ?is temple to _! deity4 ,?is is all ! /ory4 ,g !re & /udy x 9 detail4 ,enlight5$1 pr(\ndly impress$1 nev]!less y w f9i% at ?is po9t4 ,! tale has no climax4 ,x j /ops4 ,:at happ5$ to ! p ( ! ,mesa ,v]de8 ,"s ar*aeologi/s believe t !y emigrat$ to neighbor+ valleys s\?we/4 ,b :y %\ld !y h left _! prosp]\s f>ms & f9e homes = regions :i* seem to u less desirable8 ,& :y1 a pr(\ndly religi\s p1 %\ld !y h left ,sun ,temple unf9i%$8 ,:at o!r supposition rema9s8 ,only1 ,i ?9k1 t1 p]haps because ( _! prosp]ity & ! unprep>$ness t accompanies long p]iods ( peace1 !y 7 sudd5ly ov]:elm$ by enemies4 ,,xv ,,! ,,heal+ ,,wat]s ,,hot ,,spr+s ,,res]vation1 ,,arkansas4 ,,platt ,,national ,,p>k1 ,,oklahoma ,i ,f a hillside on ! edge ( ! ,oz>k ,m\nta9s 9 c5tral ,arkansas issue spr+s ( hot wat] :i* are effective 9 ! alleviation ( rheumatic & k9dr$ ills4 ,al?\gh *emical analysis fails to expla9 ! reason1 ! practice ( _m ye>s has abundantly prov$ _! wor?4 ,be=e ! com+ ( ! :ite man !y 7 kn[n to ! ,indians1 :o are said to h proclaim$ !m neutral t]ritory 9 "t ( w>4 ,p]haps x 0 rumor ( _! fame ^u :i* ,ponce de ,leon f\nd$ 8 dream ( a ,f\nta9 ( ,y\?4 ,9 ! e>ly ye>s ( ! la/ c5tury hundr$s ( settl]s toil$ _m miles ov] =e/ trails to camp beside !m & ba! daily 9 _! wat]s4 ,! b5t & suff]+ 7 c>ri$ !re on /ret*]s4 ,s _m & s /rik+ 7 ! cures t ! fame ( ^! spr+s spread ?r\gh\t ! "y nation1 & 9 #ahcb1 to prev5t _! fall+ into h&s out/ret*$ to seize & exploit !m = private ga91 ,congress creat$ !m a national res]vation4 ,! ,hot ,spr+s ,res]vation 0 our fir/ national p>k4 ,previ\s to ?is a c\ple ( log h\ses built by visitors s]v$ = %elt] = ! pilgrims at ! %r9e ( heal?4 ,soon aft]1 o!r build+s q z primitive 7 erect$4 ,a road 0 con/ruct$ ?r\gh ! =e/s f ! settl$ portions ( ! ,/ate1 & _m drove labori\sly 9 ) t5ts & camp+ outfits4 ,i h se5 a copy ( a photograph :i* 0 tak5 :5 photographs 7 new1 %[+ sev]al m5 & wom5 9 ! odd conv5tional co/ume ( t p]iod sitt+ solemnly ^u ! banks ( a /eam+ spr+1 _! clo!s drawn up1 _! b>e legs calf deep 9 ! hot wat]4 ,once />t$1 ,hot ,spr+s grew rapidly4 ,un=tunately1 ?is fir/ act ( national cons]vation fail$ to =esee ! great future ( ^! spr+s1 & ! res]vation l9e 0 drawn s t x b>ely enclos$ ! brook ( /eam+ vapors :i* 0 _! outlet4 ,to-day1 :5 ! nation contemplates sp5d+ millions to beautify ! national spa1 x f9ds ! city built solidly opposite4 ,railroads soon pu%$ _! way ?r\gh ! ,oz>k foo?ills & l&$ ?\s&s ye>ly beside ! heal+ wat]s4 ,hotels became l>g] & m num]\s4 ,! gov]nm5t built a public ba?h\se into :i* ! wat]s 7 pip$ = ! free treatm5t ( ! p4 ,concession]s built m elaborate /ructures )9 ! res]vation to accommodate ^? :o pref]r$ to pay = pleasant] surr\nd+s or = private treatm5t4 ,! village became a t[n & ! t[n a city4 ,bo>d+-h\ses sprang up ev]y:]e ) accommodations to suit ! ne$s ( purses ( all l5g?s4 ,f9ally1 l>ge & co/ly hotels 7 built = ! prosp]\s & fa%ionable :o began to f9d r>e enjoym5t 9 ! beautiful ,oz>k c\ntry :ile !y drank _! hot wat] & took _! invigorat+ ba?s4 ,hot ,spr+s became a national resort4 ,x w be se5 t1 9 its way1 ,hot ,spr+s has reflect$ ! social developm5t ( ! c\ntry4 ,x has pass$ ?r\gh ! v>i\s /ages t m>k$ ! national gr[? 9 ta/e & morals4 ,dur+ ! p]iod :5 gambl+ 0 a national vice x 0 not$ = its high play1 & !n gambl]s ( all social grades look$ =w>d to _! season 9 ! ,s\?4 ,dur+ ! p]iod ( national dissipation1 :5 polite drunk5ness 0 a badge ( class & ,new ,ye>'s day an orgy1 x became ! p]iodic resort ( inebriates1 j z lat]1 ) ! elevation ( ! national moral s5se1 x became in/ead ! mo/ cons]vative ( resorts1 ! p]iodic refuge ( ?\s&s ( "w-worn bus9ess & pr(essional m5 seek+ ! a/oni%+ recup]ative p[] ( its wat]4 ,true aga9 to ! _s ( ! times1 ,hot ,spr+s reflects to ! full ! _s ( to-day4 ,x is a ,s\!rn m\nta9 resort ( quiet *>m & wond]ful natural beauty set on ! edge ( a broad region ( hills1 rav9es1 & sweet-smell+ p9es1 a p>adise = ! walk]1 ! hik]1 & ! horseback rid]4 ,d[n on ! /reet a long r[ ( h&some mod]n ba?-h\ses1 equipp$ ) all ! sci5tific luxuries1 & m besides1 ( ! mo/ elaborate ,european spa1 conc5trates ! bus9ess ( ba? & cure4 ,back ( ?is rise directly ! beautiful ,oz>k hills4 ,"o may h exactly :at he wi%es at ,hot ,spr+s4 ,he may live ) ! sick if t is 8 b5t1 or he may sp5d weeks ( ri* enjoym5t ( ! ,s\? 9 holiday mood1 & h 8 ba?s besides1 )\t a sugge/ion ( ! sanit>ium or ev5 ( ! spa4 ,meantime ! my/]y ( ! wat]'s pot5cy seems to h be5 solv$4 ,x is n *emical 9 solution :i* cle>s ! sy/em ( its ills & re/ores ! jad$ tissues to buoyancy1 b ! newly discov]$ pr9ciple ( radioactivity4 ,some:]e deep 9 ,nature's laboratory ^! wat]s become *>g$ ) an uplift+ p[] :i* is imp>t$ to ^? :o ba! accord+ to ! rules :i* _m ye>s ( exp]i5ce h prescrib$4 ,_m physicians refuse to v]ify ! wat]s' virtues2 "s op5ly sc(f4 ,b ! fact /&s t e ye> hundr$s :o come helpless cripples walk jauntily to ! /ation on _! dep>ture1 & _m ?\s&s ( suff]]s f rheumatic ills & ! we> & te> ( /r5u\s liv+ return to _! homes re/or$4 ,i myself c te/ify to ! surpris+ recup]ative effect ( only half a doz5 daily ba?s1 & ,i "k bus9ess m5 :o habitually g !re :5ev] ! /ress ( ov]work dem&s measures ( quick relief4 ,illu/ration3 ,,on ,,hot ,,spr+s ,,m\nta91 ,,hot ,,spr+s ,,( ,,arkansas ,illu/ration3 ,,ba? ,,h\se ,,r[1 ,,hot ,,spr+s ,,( ,,arkansas ,x is n surpris+ t m ?an a hundr$ ?\s& p]sons visit ,hot ,spr+s e ye>4 ,! recogniz$ season beg9s aft] ! w9t] holidays2 !n x is t gayety & pleasur+1 rid+1 driv+1 motor+1 golf+1 & ! social life ( ! fa%ionable hotels rea* _! height4 ,b1 = %e] enjoym5t ( ! quiet] k9d1 ! spr+1 e>ly summ]1 & ! autumn are unsurpass$2 s\? ?\gh x lies1 ,hot ,spr+s is delightful ev5 9 midsumm]4 ,two railroads l& ! visitor almo/ at ! entrance ( ! res]vation4 ,a f9e road br+s ! motori/ sixty miles f ! lively city ( ,little ,rock4 ,! elaborate ba?-h\ses l9e ! res]vation side ( ! pr9cipal /reet1 opposite ! brick city4 ,b back ( !m rises abruptly ! beautiful =e/$ m\nta9 f ^: side gu% ! heal+ wat]s1 & back ( ?is roll ! beautiful p9e-gr[n ,oz>ks4 ,! division is %>ply drawn4 ,he :o *ooses may =get ! city except at ! h\r ( 8 daily ba?4 ,! plans = realiz+ 9 /one & l&scape g>d5+ ! ideal ( ! great ,am]ican spa1 :i* ?is spot is 9 fact1 contemplate ! "w ( ye>s4 ,,ii ,9 s\!rn ,oklahoma n f> f ! ,texas b\nd>y1 a gr\p ( ?irty heal+ spr+s1 ^! ( cold sp>kl+ wat]1 7 set ap>t by ,congress 9 #aijd "u ! title ( ! ,platt ,national ,p>k4 ,mo/ ( !m are sulphur spr+s2 o!rs are impregnat$ ) bromides & o!r m9]al salts4 ,_m ?\s&s visit ye>ly ! prosp]\s bord]+ city ( ,sulphur to dr9k ^! wat]s2 _m camp 9 or ne> ! res]vation2 ! bottl$ wat]s br+ relief to ?\s&s at home4 ,?r\gh ! national p>k1 f its s\rce 9 ! ea/ to its entry into ,rock ,creek1 w9ds ,trav]t9e ,creek1 ! outlet ( mo/ ( ^! spr+s4 ,rock ,creek outl9es ! p>k's we/]n b\nd>y1 & on its f>!r bank lies ! city4 ,spr+s ( importance )9 ! p>k p\r _! wat]s directly into its curr5t4 ,all ^! ,platt spr+s1 l ^? ( ,hot ,spr+s1 ,arkansas1 7 kn[n to ! ,indians = _! curative prop]ties = _m g5]ations be=e ! com+ ( ! :ite settl]4 ,! p>k is ! c5tre ( a region ( novelty & *>m = ! visitor f ! ,nor? & ,ea/4 ,! intimate communion ( prairie & ri* =e/$ valley1 ! sophi/ication ( ! bu/l+ little city 9 contra/ ) ! r\gh life ( ! outly+ ran*es1 ! m+l+ 9 common int]c\rse ( su* diff]+ human elem5ts z ! ,ea/]n t\ri/1 ! free & easy ,we/]n t[nsman1 ! c[boy & ! ,indian1 give r>e spice to a visit long en\gh to imp>t ! _s ( a c\ntry ( s _m k9ds ( appeal4 ,! climate1 too1 contributes to enjoym5t4 ,! long spr+ la/s f ,febru>y to ,june4 ,dur+ ! %ort summ]1 social life is at its height4 ,! fall l+]s to ! holidays be=e x gives way to a %ort w9t]1 :i* ! ,arbuckle ,m\nta9s s(t5 by div]t+ ! cold] w9ds4 ,! pleasures are ^? ( prairie & valley4 ,x is a great l& = rid+4 ,!re is swimm+1 r[+1 & excell5t black-bass fi%+ 9 ! l>g] lakes4 ,x is a region ( de] & _m birds4 ,its altitude is ab\t a ?\s& feet4 ,! roll+ ,oklahoma plateau atta9s 9 ?is neighborhood its pleasante/ outl9e & v>iety4 ,broad pla9s ( graz+-l& alt]nate ) b>e rocky heights & l[ m\nta9s4 ,! creeks & riv]s :i* accumulate ! wat]s ( ! spr+s scatt]$ widely among ^! prairie hills are outl9$ by w9d+ =e/$ belts & fl[]$ ?ickets ( bru%4 ,great areas ( ?9 prairie yield "h & !re to r\nd$ hills1 "s ( :i* be> ^u _! summits columns ( flat rocks heap$ "o ^u ! o!r high en\gh to be se5 = miles aga9/ ! l[ horizon4 ,^!1 :i* are kn[n z ! ,*imney ,hills1 = _m ye>s h be5 a cause ( speculation among ! settl]s :o h ne>ly replac$ ! ,indians s9ce ! ,/ate ( ,oklahoma replac$ ! ,indian ,t]ritory ) :i* we became famili> 9 ! geographies ( e>li] days4 ,:o 7 ! build]s ( ^! *imneys & :at 0 _! purpose8 ,at a he>+ 9 ,ardmore a few ye>s ago be=e a ,unit$ ,/ates c\rt tak+ te/imony ^u "s anci5t ,indian depr$ation claims1 writes ,colonel ,r4,a4 ,sne$1 = ye>s ! sup]9t5d5t ( ! ,platt ,national ,p>k1 practically all ! resid5ts ( ! ,*ickasaw ,nation1 ,indian & negro1 ^: memories ( t c\ntry ext5d back fifty ye>s or m1 7 9 att5dance4 ,9 rec\nt+ 8 recollections ( a ,coman*e raid 9 :i* 8 ma/]'s horses 7 /ol51 "o old negro incid5tally gave a solution ( ! ,*imney ,hills :i* is ! only "o ! writ] ev] he>d1 & :i* probably acc\nts = all ( !m4 ,he said t 8 ma/] liv$ at ,big ,sulphur ,spr+s1 f>!/ we/ ( any ( ! ,*ickasaws2 t ! ,ki[as & ,coman*es raid$ ! c\ntry e summ] & drove out horses or cattle :]ev] !y c\ld f9d !m unprotect$2 t he _h (t5 gone ) 8 ma/] to f9d ^! /ol5 cattle2 t ^! =ages 7 s frequ5t t ! ,*ickasaws _h nev] und]tak5 to occupy any ( _! l&s we/ ( ,rock ,creek1 nor? ( ,big ,sulphur ,spr+s1 nor we/ ( ! ,wa%ita ,riv] s\? ( ! spr+s2 t ! c\ntry we/ ( ,sulphur ,spr+s 0 dry1 & wat] 0 h>d to f9d unless "o knew j :]e to look2 & t ! ,coman*es _h a cu/om ( m>k+ all ! spr+s !y c\ld f9d by build+ rock *imneys on ! hills ne>e/ to ! spr+s4 ,only "o *imney w\ld be built if ! spr+ fl[$ f b5ea? ! same hill1 b if ! spr+ 0 di/ant f ! hill two *imneys w\ld be built1 ei!r ^u ! same hill or ^u two di/ant hills1 & a sight along ! two *imneys w\ld indicate a c\rse t[>d ! spr+4 ,! old man said t e hill 9 _! pa/ure _h a ,coman*e *imney on x & t 8 ma/] w\ld n di/urb !m because he did n want to make ! wild ,indians mad4 ,!re nev] 0 op5 w> betwe5 ! ,*ickasaws & ! ,coman*es1 b individual ,*ickasaws (t5 _h tr\ble ) ,coman*e hunt+-p>ties4 ,! ,big ,sulphur ,spr+s on ,rock ,creek 9 ! ,*ickasaw ,nation aft]w>d became ! c5tre ar\nd :i* ! city ( ,sulphur 0 built1 & aft] ! t[n 0 gr[n to a population ( two ?\s& or m x 0 remov$ bodily to make room = ! ,platt ,national ,p>k1 ar\nd :i* has be5 built ! new city ( ,sulphur1 :i* n[ has a population ( =ty-five hundr$4 ,_m ( ! ,coman*e monum5ts are extant & ! great bluff above ! ,bromide ,spr+s ( ! national p>k looks out t[>d ! nor? & we/ ov] a prairie t ext5ds to ! ,rocky ,m\nta9s2 ! monum5t t /ood on ! br[ ( t bluff mu/ h be5 visible = _m miles to ! ke5 vision ( ! ,coman*e :o knew h[ to look = x4 ,! ,indian ,t]ritory became ! ,/ate ( ,oklahoma 9 #aijg2 ! /ory ( ! :ite man's peaceful invasion is "o ( absorb+ int]e/2 ! human spectacle ( to-day is complex1 ev5 kaleidoscopic4 ,9 ! ?irties & =ties ! gov]nm5t _h e/abli%$ 9 ! t]ritory ! five civiliz$ ,indian nations1 ! ,*]okees1 ,*ickasaws1 ,*octaws1 ,creeks1 & ,sem9oles1 ea* ) its allott$ b\nd>ies1 its native gov]nm5t1 its legislatures1 & its c\rts4 ,9 _m respects ^! 7 =eign nations )9 our b\nd>ies4 ,besides !m1 ! ,osage ,indians _h _! res]vation 9 ! nor?1 & fragm5ts ( no less ?an sev5te5 o!r tribes liv$ on assign$ t]ritory4 ,gradually :ite m5 invad$ ! l&1 pur*as$ hold+s f ! ,indian nations1 built cities1 e/abli%$ bus9esses ( _m k9ds1 ran railroads 9 all directions4 ,9 "t1 ! nations 7 aboli%$ & _! rema9+ l&s 7 divid$ up among ! individuals compos+ !m2 ! ,indians ( ^! nations became ,am]ican citiz5s2 _! negro slaves1 = !y _h be5 l>ge slavehold]s1 receiv$ ea* 8 portion ( ! divid$ l&4 ,!n came ,oklahoma4 ,to-day !re is only "o ,indian res]vation 9 ! ,/ate1 t ( ! ,osages4 ,oil has be5 f\nd on _! l& & !y are ! weal?ie/ p 9 ! _w to-day1 ! av]age ca% income ( ea* exce$+ five ?\s& doll>s a ye>4 ,9 a /ate ) a total population ( two & a qu>t] millions live #ccf1jjj ,indians repres5t+ tw5ty-?ree tribes & #aaj1jjj negroes desc5d$ f slaves4 ,!re has be5 mu* int]m>ry+ betwe5 ,indians & :ites1 & "s betwe5 ,indians & blacks4 ,"h is a mixture ( races to baffle ! ke5e/ eye4 ,else:]e ?an 9 ! ,osage ,res]vation1 weal? also has come to ! ,indians4 ,_m h v l>ge incomes1 l>ge ev5 = ! ri* ( our ,ea/]n cities4 ,asphalt also has enri*$ _m4 ,cotton is rais$ ext5sively 9 ! s\!rn c\nties4 ,graz+ on a l>ge scale has prov$ pr(itable4 ,_m ,indians own co/ly & luxuri\s homes1 ride 9 automobiles1 & ent] importantly into bus9ess1 politics1 & ! pr(essions2 ^! usually h m or less :ite blood4 ,_m full-bloods :o h gr[n ri* )\t ef=t possess f9ely furni%$ b$rooms1 & sleep on ! floor 9 blankets2 elaborate d9+-rooms ) co/ly table equipm5ts1 & eat cross-legg$ on ! kit*5 floor2 gas-ranges1 & cook ov] *ip fires out-(-doors2 automobiles1 & ride blanket$ ponies4 ,_m weal?y m5 are deeply 9 debt because ( useless luxuries :i* !y h be5 p]suad$ to buy4 ,platt ,national ,p>k lies ab\t ! c5tre ( :at 0 once ! ,*ickasaw nation4 ,x is a graz+ & a cotton c\ntry4 ,!re are ?\s&s ( ,indians1 _m ( !m sub/antial citiz5s1 "s m5 ( local influ5ce4 ,native dress is seldom se54 ,quot+ aga9 f my correspond5ce ) ,colonel ,sne$1 "h is ! leg5d ( ! la/ ( ! ,delaw>es3 ,along ab\t #ahdj1 a v few ye>s aft] ! ,*ickasaws & ,*octaws _h arriv$ 9 ,indian ,t]ritory1 a small b& ( ab\t sixty ,delaw>e ,indians arriv$ 9 ! ,t]ritory1 hav+ rov$ f ,alabama ?r\gh ,mississippi & ,miss\ri1 & ?r\gh ! nor?we/ portion ( ,arkansas4 ,be+ a small b&1 !y decid$ to l9k _! =tunes ) ^? ( "s o!r tribe ( ,indians1 & !y fir/ pit*$ _! tepees ) ^? ( ! ,*]okees4 ,b ! ,*]okee ,*ief & old ,*ief ,wahpanucka ( ! ,delaw>es did n agree4 ,s ! little b& ( ,delaw>es cont9u$ rambl+ until !y rea*$ ! ,*octaw ,nation1 :]e !y aga9 tri$ to make t]ms ) ! ,*ief ( ! tribe4 ,evid5tly no agreem5t 0 rea*$ betwe5 t ,*ief & ,wahpanucka1 = ! ,delaw>es cont9u$ _! rov+ until !y rea*$ ! ,*ickasaw ,nation1 :]e !y rema9$4 ,old ,*ief ,wahpanucka _h a beautiful daught] ^: "n 0 ,de]face2 two ( ! ,delaw>e braves 7 mu* 9 love ) h]1 b ,de]face c\ld n decide :i* "o ( ^! w>riors %e %\ld take to become ,*ief aft] ! dea? ( ,wahpanucka4 ,*ief ,wahpanucka call$ ! two w>riors be=e him & a p[w[ 0 agre$ ^u4 ,! c\ncil 0 held ar\nd ! ,c\ncil ,rocks 7:i* is n[ a po9t ( int]e/ )9 ! ,platt ,national ,p>k71 & a decision 0 rea*$ to ! effect t at a c]ta9 designat$ "t ! ,delaw>es %\ld all assemble on ! top ( ! ,bromide ,cliff1 at ! foot ( :i* fl[ ! n[ fam\s ,bromide & ,m$ic9e ,spr+s1 & t ! two braves %\ld ride _! ,indian ponies to ! edge ( ! cliff1 :i* 0 at t "t kn[n z ,m$ic9e ,bluff1 & jump (f to ! b$ ( ! creek ab\t two hundr$ feet bel[4 ,! "o :o surviv$ 0 to m>ry ,de]face1 & succe$ ,wahpanucka z ,*ief ( ! ,delaw>es4 ,! race 0 run & bo? ,indian braves made ! jump f ! bluff1 b bo? 7 kill$4 ,:5 ,de]face saw ?is %e ?rew h]self f ! bluff & di$ at ! foot ( ! cliff :]e h] lov]s _h met _! dea?4 ,to-day h] image may be se5 indelibly fix$ on "o ( ! rocks ( ! cliff :]e %e fell1 & ! wat] ( ! ,m$ic9e ,spr+ is suppos$ to be ! br9y te>s ( ! old ,*ief :5 he saw ! havoc 8 decision _h wr\ght4 ,^! te>s1 filt]+ d[n ?r\gh ! cliff :]e ! old ,*ief /ood1 are cr$it$ ) be+ s purifi$ t ! wat] ( ! spr+ :i* !y =m is possess$ ) rem$ial qualities :i* make x a cure = all human ailm5ts4 ,,! ,,gr& ,,canyon ,,& ,,our ,,national ,,monum5ts ,,on ,,! ,,sc5]y ,,( ,,! ,,s\?we/ ,to mo/ ,am]icans ! s\?we/ means ! des]t1 & x is true t mo/ ( ,arizona1 ,new ,mexico1 & ,utah1 & portions ( ,colorado & s\!rn ,cali=nia1 are arid or semi>id l&s1 reliev$1 h[ev]1 by regions ( f]tility & agricultural prosp]ity4 ,9 popul> conception ! des]t has be5 ! negative ( all t means beauty1 ri*ness1 & sublimity2 x has be5 ! synonym ( pov]ty & dea?4 ,gradually b surely ! ,am]ican public is le>n+ t aga9 popul> conception is wrong1 t ! des]t is z positive a factor 9 sc5]y z ! m\nta91 t x has its own gl[+ beauty1 its own int5se p]sonality1 & occasionally1 9 its own amaz+ way1 a sublimity z gorge\s1 z compell+1 & z emotion-provok+ z ! mo/ /up5d\s sn[-capp$ range4 ,! ,am]ican des]t region includes "s ( ! _w's greate/ sc5]y4 ,! ,gr& ,canyon ( ! ,colorado ,riv] is sunk 9 a plateau :i*1 :ile spr9kl$ ) scant p9e1 is ne>ly ra9less4 ,zion ,canyon is a palette ( brilliant color ly+ among gold5 s&s4 ,a score ( national monum5ts cons]ve l>ge natural bridges1 =e/s ( petrifi$ trees1 int]e/+ volcanic or o!r ph5om5a ( prehi/oric times1 areas ( /range cactus gr[?s1 deposits ( ! bones ( mon/r\s reptiles1 & rema9s ( a civilization :i* prec$$ ! discov]y ( ,am]ica2 &1 9 addition to ^!1 innum]able places ( rem>kable magnific5ce z yet unkn[n except to ! geologi/1 ! topograph]1 ! m9]1 ! ,indian1 & ! adv5tur] 9 unfrequ5t$ l&s4 ,?is arid c\ntry consi/s ( roll+ s&y pla9s z broad z seas1 dott$ ) gray sage-bru% & reliev$ by b>e craggy monadnocks & nak$ ranges :i* ! ris+ & ! sett+ sun pa9ts unbelievable colors4 ,"h & !re ?9 gr[?s ( cottonwood outl9e ?9 ribbons ( riv]s1 few & f> betwe54 ,"h & !re alkali :it5s ! edges ( /a9$ holl[s :]e wat] lies a:ile aft] spr+ cl\dbur/s4 ,"h & !re are salt ponds ) no outlet4 ,yet ev5 9 ! desolation ( its tawny monotony x has a fasc9ation :i* is insi/5t & cumulative4 ,b ! s\?we/ is n all des]t4 ,!re are great areas ( ?9 graz+ ranges & l&s :]e dry f>m+ yields fair crops4 ,!re are valleys :i* produce fruits & gra9s 9 abundance4 ,!re are hamlets & villages & cities :i* are among ! olde/ 9 ,am]ica1 c5tres ( f]tile tracts surr\nd$ by des]ts :i* ne$ only wat] to become ! ri*e/ l&s on ! cont95t4 ,!re are regions reclaim$ by irrigation :]e f>m+ has br\ght prosp]ity4 ,9 o!r places ! plateau cov]s itself = hundr$s ( squ>e miles ) scrubby p9e & c$>4 ,all 9 all1 x is a l& ( r>e *>m & inf9ite v>iety4 ,to appreciate a region :i* m & m w ent] into ,am]ican consci\sness & divide travel ) ! m\nta9s1 ! read] %\ld "k some?+ ( its /ructural hi/ory4 ,! s\?we/]n "p ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates rose above sea-level & sank bel[ x _m times dur+ ! _m ?\s&s ( c5turies prec$+ its pres5t /ate1 :i* is t ( a s&y & g5]ally des]t plateau1 five to t5 ?\s& feet 9 altitude4 ,h[ _m times x repeat$ ! cycle is n fully kn[n4 ,"s portions ( x d\btless 7 subm]g$ (t5] ?an o!rs4 ,"s 7 lift+ :ile o!rs 7 l[]+4 ,&1 meantime1 m\nta9s rose & 7 c>ri$ away by erosion to give place to o!r m\nta9s :i* also wore away2 riv] sy/ems =m$ & disappe>$1 lakes & inl& seas exi/$ & ceas$ to exi/4 ,! hi/ory ( our s\?we/ w\ld h be5 tempe/u\s inde$ _h x be5 compass$ )9 say ! life ( "o man2 b1 spread ov] a p]iod ( "t inconceivable to man1 !re may h be5 no "t :5 x might h seem$ to be m active 9 *ange ?an its /ill hot des]ts seem to-day to ! travell] 9 pass+ tra9s4 ,o!r p>ts ( ! cont95t1 no d\bt1 h und]gone z _m *anges2 our s\?we/ is n s+ul> 9 t4 ,b n[h]e else1 p]haps1 has ! *ange left evid5ces s pla9 & s int]e/+ to ! unsci5tific obs]v]4 ,! page ( e>?'s hi/ory is m easily read ^u ! b>e des]ts ( our s\?we/ ?an on ! grass-conceal$ prairies ( ! ,mississippi ,valley or ! erod$ & =e/$ ranges ( ! ,appala*ians4 ,be=e ! ,rockies & ! ,si]ra ev5 exi/$1 9 ! %all[ sea :i* cov]$ ?is "p ( ! cont95t 7 deposit$ ! ooze :i* lat]1 :5 ?is region rose above ! sea1 became ! magnific5t lime/ones ( ! ,gr& ,canyon4 ,muds accumulat$ :i* to-day are se5 9 _m highly color$ %ales4 ,long ages ( erosion f outly+ m\nta9 regions spread x ?ick ) gravels & s&s :i* n[ appe> 9 rocky walls ( deep canyons4 ,a va/ pla9 0 built up & grad$ by ^! deposits4 ,! trunks ( trees wa%$ d[n by ! floods f f> di/ant upl&s 7 buri$ 9 ^! muds & s&s1 :]e1 9 ! c\rse ( unnumb]$ c5turies1 !y turn$ to /one4 ,!y are ! petrifi$ =e/s ( to-day4 ,m\nta9s1 pr$ecessors ( our mod]n ,si]ra1 lift$ 9 ! s\? & we/1 squeez$ ! moi/ure f ! ,pacific w9ds1 & turn$ ! region into des]t4 ,?is 0 9 ! ,jurassic ,p]iod4 ,s&s ?\s&s ( feet deep 7 accumulat$ by ! des]t w9ds :i* are to-day ! s&/ones ( ! giant walls ( ,zion ,canyon4 ,b ?is 0 n ! la/ des]t1 = aga9 ! region sank bel[ ! sea4 ,aga9 = half a million ye>s or m ooze settl$ ^u ! s&s to turn to lime/one millions ( ye>s lat]4 ,9 ?is ,jurassic sea sport$ enorm\s m>9e mon/]s ^: bones settl$ to ! bottom to be une>!d 9 our times1 & great fly+ reptiles cross$ its wat]4 ,aga9 ! region approa*$ sea-level & accumulat$1 above its new lime/ones1 o!r b$s ( s&s4 ,new riv] sy/ems =m$ & br\ght o!r accumulations f di/ant highl&s4 ,x 0 !n a l[ swampy pla9 ( enorm\s size1 ^: nor!rn limits rea*$ ,montana1 & :i* t\*$ :at n[ is ,kansas on its ea/4 ,^u ! bord]s ( its swamps1 9 ,cretace\s times1 liv$ gigantic reptiles1 ! ,d9osaurs & _! unga9ly companions ^: bones are f\nd to-day 9 sev]al places4 ,= ! la/ "t ! region sank & a %all[ sea swept f ! ,gulf ( ,mexico to ! ,arctic ,ocean4 ,aga9 new lime/ones =m$1 & z ! surface v sl[ly rose = ! la/ "t at ! close ( ! ,cretace\s ,p]iod _m new deposits 7 add$ to ! sc5ic exhibit ( to-day4 ,meantime o!r />tl+ *anges 7 mak+ :i* ext5d$ ov] a lapse ( "t :i* human m9d _c grasp4 ,respond+ to increas+ pressures f bel[1 ! cont95t 0 fold+ f nor? to s\?4 ,! miracle ( ! mak+ ( ! ,rockies 0 enact+4 ,dur+ all ( ,t]ti>y times e>? movem5ts ( trem5d\s en]gy rock$ & fold$ ! cru/ & ha/5$ *ange4 ,! mod]n ,si]ra rose ^u ! erod$ ru9s ( its pr$ecessor1 aga9 %utt+ (f ! moi/ure-lad5 we/]n w9ds & turn+ ! s\?we/ aga9 into a des]t4 ,"o ( ! m\nta9-build+ impulses spread ea/w>d f ! ,si]ra to ! ,wasat* ,m\nta9s1 b ,nature's project = ?is va/ granite-cor$ tablel& nev] 0 realiz$1 = cont9ually its c5tral sections cav$ & fell4 ,& s x happ5$ t ! ea/]n edge ( ! ,si]ra & ! we/]n edge ( ! ,wasat* ,m\nta9s became ! precipit\s edges1 ?\s&s ( feet high1 ( a m\nta9-/udd$ des]t :i* to-day is call$ ! ,great ,bas94 ,x includes s\!a/]n ,oregon1 ne>ly all ( ,nevada1 ! we/]n half ( ,utah1 & a l>ge area 9 ! s\? ( ,cali=nia1 besides p>ts ( ,idaho & ,wyom+4 ,x is #hhj miles nor? & s\? & #egb miles wide4 ,its elevation is five ?\s& feet1 m or less1 & its area m ?an two hundr$ ?\s& squ>e miles4 ,?is enorm\s b[l conta9$ no outlet to ! sea1 & ! riv]s :i* fl[$ into x f all its m\nta9\s bord]s creat$ a prehi/oric lake ) an area ( fifty-f\r ?\s& squ>e miles :i* 0 nam$ ,lake ,bonneville aft] ! army (fic] ^: adv5tures 9 #ahcc 7 n>rat$ by ,wa%+ton ,irv+2 b x 0 ,fremont :o fir/ cle>ly describ$ x4 ,lake ,bonneville has evaporat$ & disappe>$1 b 9 its place are _m salty lakes1 ! greate/ ( :i* is ,great ,salt ,lake 9 ,utah4 ,att5uat$ riv]s /ill fl[ into ! ,great ,bas91 b are lo/ 9 _! s&s4 ,! greate/ ( ^!1 ! ,mohave ,riv]1 is a hundr$ miles long1 b is n (t5 se5 because x hides its wat]s *iefly "u ! surface s&s4 ,lake ,bonneville's prehi/oric bea*es exi/ to-day4 ,transcont95tal pass5g]s by rail cross its anci5t b$1 b few "k x4 ,! ,great ,bas9 to-day is kn[n to travell]s pr9cipally by ! _m less] des]ts :i* compose x1 des]ts sep>at$ f ea* o!r by less] m\nta9 ranges & l[ divides4 ,its s\!rn & s\!a/]n b\nd>ies are ! plateaus & m\nta9s :i* =m ! nor!rn wat]%$ ( ! muddy ,colorado ,riv] & its conflu5ts4 ,s\? ( ! ,colorado1 ! plateaus ( ,new ,mexico1 ,arizona1 & s\!rn ,cali=nia gradually subside to ! ,rio ,gr&e4 ,dur+ ?is p]iod & ! ,quat]n>y :i* foll[$ x1 volcanoes appe>$ 9 _m places2 _! dead cones div]sify our mod]n l&scape4 ,x 0 dur+ ! ,quat]n>y ,p]iod1 9 ^: latt] end lives man1 t erosion dug ! mighty canyons ( our great s\?we/4 ,! ,colorado 0 sweep+ out ! ,gr& ,canyon at ! same "t t1 f> 9 ! nor?1 ! glaci]s ( ! ,great ,ice ,age 7 c>v+ f ,algonkian %ales & lime/ones ! gorge\s cirques & valleys ( ,glaci] ,national ,p>k4 ,,xvi ,a ,,pageant ,,( ,,creation ,,gr& ,,canyon ,,national ,,p>k1 ,,arizona4 ,,area1 #ieh ,,squ>e ,,miles ,!re is only "o ,gr& ,canyon4 ,x lies 9 nor!rn ,arizona1 & ! ,colorado ,riv]1 "o ( ! greate/ ( ,am]ican riv]s1 fl[s ?r\gh its inn] gorge4 ,x mu/ n be confus$ ) ! ,gr& ,canyon ( ! ,yell[/one1 or ) any ( ! gr&e canyons :i* ! ,spani>ds s nam$ because !y 7 big canyons4 ,! ,gr& ,canyon is #bag miles long1 #h to #ab miles wide at ! rim1 & m ?an a mile deep4 ,x is ! ,colossus ( canyons1 by f> ! huge/ example ( /ream erosion 9 ! _w4 ,x is gorge\sly color$4 ,x is by common cons5t ! mo/ /up5d\s spectacle 9 ! _w4 ,x may be conceiv$ z a m\nta9 range rev]s$4 ,c\ld its m\ld$ image1 simil>ly color$1 /& ^u ! des]t floor1 x w\ld be a spectacle second only to ! va/ m\ld itself4 ,m ?an a hundr$ ?\s& p]sons visit ! ,gr& ,canyon ea* ye>4 ,9 o!r l&s x is our mo/ celebrat$ sc5ic possession4 ,x 0 made a national p>k 9 #aiai4 ,i ,! ,gr& ,canyon is n ( ,am]ica b ( ! _w4 ,l ! ,des]t ( ,sah>a & ! mon/] gr\p ( ! ,himalayas1 x is s entirely ! greate/ example ( its k9d t x refuses limits4 ,?is is true ( x also z a spectacle2 f> tru]1 9 fact1 =1 if x is possible to comp>e ?+s s dissimil>1 9 ?is respect c]ta9ly x w lead all o!rs4 ,none see x )\t be+ deeply mov$--all to sil5ce1 "s ev5 to te>s4 ,x is *>g$ to ! rim ) emotion2 b ! emotion ( ! fir/ view v>ies4 ,"s /& a/\nd$ at its va/ness4 ,o!rs are /upefi$ & se>* _! s\ls 9 va9 = def9ition4 ,"s tremble4 ,"s are uplift$ ) a s5se ( appall+ beauty4 ,= a "t ! s\ls ( all are nak$ 9 ! pres5ce4 ,?is reaction is app>5t 9 ! writ+s ( ^? :o h visit$ x2 no o!r spectacle 9 ,am]ica has inspir$ s l>ge a lit]ature4 ,joaqu9 ,mill] f\nd x fe>ful1 full ( glory1 full ( ,god4 ,*>les ,dudley ,w>n] pron\nc$ x by f> ! mo/ sublime ( e>?ly spectacles4 ,william ,w9t] saw x a pageant ( gha/ly desolation4 ,haml9 ,g>l& f\nd its l9es *aotic & di/urb+ b its comb9ations ( color & %ad[ beautiful4 ,^u ,john ,muir x be/[$ a new s5se ( e>?'s beauty4 ,m>ius ,r4 ,campbell1 ^: geological rese>*es h famili>iz$ him ) ,nature's sc5ic gamut1 told me t 8 fir/ day on ! rim left him emotionally cold2 x 0 n until he _h liv$ ) ! spectacle t realization sl[ly dawn$4 ,i ?9k ?is is ! exp]i5ce ( v _m1 a fact :i* r5d]s /ill m tragic a prevail+ public assumption t ! ,gr& ,canyon is a "o-day /op 9 a transcont95tal j\rney4 ,x is n surpris+ t wond] is deeply /irr$ by its va/ness1 its complexity1 & ! realization ( ,nature's titanic labor 9 its mak+4 ,x is f> f /range t extreme elation sometimes foll[s ^u a revelation s /up5d\s & diff]5t4 ,t beauty s extraord9>y %\ld mom5t>ily free emotion f control is natural en\gh4 ,b :y ! expressions ( repulsion n infrequ5tly enc\nt]$ ^u ! pr9t$ pages ( ! pa/8 ,i h p]sonally inquir$ ( _m ( our own day )\t f9d+ "o1 ev5 among ! mo/ s5sitive1 :om x repell$4 ,p]haps a clew is discov]$ 9 ! introductory p>agraphs ( an inspir$ ^w-picture :i* ! late ,cl>5ce ,e4 ,dutton hid 9 a te*nical geological pap] ( #ahhj4 ,! lov] ( nature1 he wrote1 ^: p]ceptions h be5 tra9$ 9 ! ,alps1 9 ,italy1 ,g]many1 or ,new ,engl&1 9 ! ,appala*ians or ,cordill]as1 9 ,scotl& or ,colorado1 w\ld ent] ?is /range region ) a %ock & dwell !re ) a s5se ( oppression1 & p]haps ) horror4 ,:atsoev] ?+s he _h le>n$ to reg>d z beautiful & noble he w\ld seldom or nev] see1 & :atsoev] he might see w\ld appe> to him z any?+ b beautiful or noble4 ,:atsoev] might be bold or /rik+ w\ld seem at fir/ only grotesque4 ,! colors w\ld be ! v ones he _h le>n$ to %un z tawdry or biz>re4 ,! tones & %ades1 mode/ & t5d]1 subdu$ yet ri*1 9 :i* 8 fancy _h always tak5 special delight1 w\ld be ! ones :i* are conspicu\sly abs5t4 ,i suspect t ?is repulsion1 ?is horror1 z sev]al h call$ x1 0 born ( ! conv5tions ( an e>li] g5]ation :i* b\nd conceptions ( ta/e & beauty1 z ( art1 dress1 religion1 & human relations g5]ally1 9 %ackles :i* d n exi/ 9 ^! days ( individualism & broad horizons4 ,to-day we see ! ,gr& ,canyon ) pr(\nd a/oni%m5t b )\t prejudice4 ,its amaz+ size1 its bewild]+ configuration1 its unprec$5t$ comb9ations ( color affect ! fre$ & elat$ consci\sness ( our times z ano!r & p]haps an ultimate revelation 9 nature ( law1 ord]1 & beauty4 ,9 ^! pages ,i %all make no attempt to describe ! ,gr& ,canyon4 ,nature has writt5 h] own description1 grav+ x ) a p5 ( wat] 9 rocks :i* run ! s]ies ( ! et]nal ages4 ,h] /ory c be read only 9 ! orig9al2 translations are futile4 ,"h ,i %all try only to help a little 9 ! read+4 ,,ii ,! ,gr& ,canyon 0 cut by "o ( ! great riv]s ( ! cont95t1 ! ,colorado1 :i* ent]s ,arizona f ! nor? & sw+s %>ply we/2 !nce x turns s\? to =m mo/ ( ,arizona's we/]n b\nd>y1 & a few miles ov] ! ,mexican bord] empties into ! head ( ! ,gulf ( ,cali=nia4 ,x dra9s ?ree hundr$ ?\s& squ>e miles ( ,arizona1 ,utah1 ,wyom+1 & ,colorado4 ,x is =m$ 9 ,utah by ! conflu5ce ( ! ,gre5 & ! ,gr& ,riv]s4 ,includ+ ! great] ( ^!1 ! ,gre5 ,riv]1 x makes a /ream fifte5 hundr$ miles 9 l5g? :i* collects ! wat]s ( ! divide s\? & ea/ ( ! ,great ,bas9 & ( _m ranges ( ! ,rocky ,m\nta9 sy/em4 ,! ,gr& ,riv]1 = its contribution1 collects ! dra9age ( ! ,rockies' mighty we/]n slopes 9 ,colorado4 ,! l[] rea*es ( ^! great tribut>ies & practically all ( ! ,colorado ,riv] itself fl[ ?r\gh m ?an five hundr$ miles ( canyons :i* !y 7 oblig$ to dig ?r\gh ! sl[ly upheav+ s&/one plateaus 9 ord] to ma9ta9 _! access to ! sea4 ,succe$+ canyons be> names designat+ _! sc5ic or geologic "*4 ,progressively s\?w>d !y score deep] into ! /rata ( ! e>?'s cru/ until1 z !y approa* _! climax1 !y break ?r\gh ! bottom ( ! ,paleozoic lime/one deep into ! he>t ( ! ,ar*ean gneiss4 ,?is lime/one tr5* is kn[n z ! ,m>ble ,canyon1 ! ,ar*ean tr5* z ! ,granite ,gorge4 ,! l[] "p ( ! ,m>ble ,canyon & all ! ,granite ,gorge1 toge!r ) _! broad1 vividly color$ & fanta/ically c>v$ upp] canyon t5 miles across f rim to rim1 a mile high f wat] to rim-level1 ! climax ( ! _w ( canyons & ! mo/ gorge\s spectacle on e>?1 is ! ,gr& ,canyon ( ! ,colorado4 ,x lies ea/ & we/ 9 ! nor!rn "p ( ! ,/ate4 ,to compreh5d x1 recall "o ( ^? dit*es :i* we all h se5 cross+ level fields or bord]+ c\ntry roads4 ,x is broad f rim to rim & deeply ind5t$ by ! side wa%es :i* foll[ heavy %[]s4 ,its sides desc5d by t]races1 /eep 9 places ) g5tle slopes betwe5 ! /eeps1 & on ^! slopes are elevations ( rock or mud :i* floods h fail$ to wa% away4 ,f9ally1 9 ! middle1 is ! n>r[ tr5* :i* n[1 9 dry wea!r1 c>ries a small trickl+ /ream4 ,n only does ?is dit* r\ghly typify ! ,gr& ,canyon1 reproduc+ 9 clumsy1 ineffici5t m9iature ! basic *>act]i/ics ( its outl9e1 b x also is id5tical 9 ! process ( its mak+4 ,imag9+ x 9 cross-section1 we f9d its sides lead+ d[n by successive precipices to broad int]m$iate slop+ surfaces4 ,we f9d ^u ^! broad surfaces enorm\s mesas & l(ty1 ornately c>v$ edifices ( rock :i* ! floods h left /&+4 ,we f9d 9 its middle1 w9d+ snakelike f side to side1 ! n>r[ gorge ( ! riv]4 ,! p>allel goes fur!r4 ,x is n at all necess>y to conceive t ei!r ! wayside dit* or ! ,gr& ,canyon 0 once brimful ( madly da%+ wat]s4 ,on ! contr>y1 nei!r may ev] h held mu* great] /reams ?an !y hold to-day4 ,9 bo? cases ! p[] ( ! /ream has be5 appli$ to d[nw>d tr5*+2 ! great] spread+ sides 7 cut by ! erosion ( c\ntless side /reamlets result+ tempor>ily f p]iods ( melt+ sn[ or ( local ra9fall4 ,x 0 ^! /reamlets :i* cut ! side canyons & left /&+ betwe5 !m ! bold promontories ( ! rim4 ,x 0 ^! /reamlets1 work+ f ! surface1 :i* sep>at$ portions ( ^! promontories f ! plateau & turn$ !m into isolat$ mesas4 ,x 0 ! erosion ( ^! mesas :i* turn$ _m ( !m into ! gigantic & fanta/ic temples & t[]s :i* rise f ! canyon's b[l4 ,/&+ ^u ! rim & ov]look+ miles ( ^! successive precipices & int]m$iate templ$ levels1 we see ! d>k gorge ( ! granite tr5*1 &1 deep )9 x1 :]ev] its w9d+s p]mit a view ( its bottom1 a n>r[ ribbon ( br[n riv]4 ,?is is ! ,colorado--a rill2 b :5 we h desc5d$ six ?\s& feet ( altitude to its edge we f9d x a ru%+ turbul5t torr5t ( muddy wat]4 ,its av]age wid? is ?ree hundr$ feet2 its av]age dep? ?irty feet4 ,x is indu/ri\sly digg+ ! ,gr& ,canyon /ill deep]1 & p]haps z rapidly z x ev] dug s9ce x ent]$ ! granite4 ,develop+ ! ?\ght 9 great] detail1 let u glance at ! illu/rations ( ?is *apt] & at any photographs :i* may be at h&1 & realization w beg94 ,let imag9ation d>t back a million ye>s or m to ! "t :5 ?is =egr\nd rim & t f> run across ! va/ *asm are "o cont9u\s pla92 p]haps x is a p9e =e/1 ) ! riv]1 no great] ?an to-day1 p]haps n s great1 w9d+ ?r\gh x close to ! surface level4 ,z ! riv] cuts d[nw>d1 ! spr+ floods foll[+ ! w9t] sn[s cave 9 its banks "h & !re1 =m+ %>ply slant$ valleys :i* enclose promontories betwe5 !m4 ,spr+ succe$s spr+1 & ^! side valleys deep5 & eat backw>d :ile ! promontories l5g!n & gr[4 ,! h>d] /rata resi/ ! dis9tegration ( alt]nate heat & cold1 &1 :ile always rec$+1 hold _! =m z cliffs2 ! s(t] /rata betwe5 ! cliffs crumbles & ! wa/e ( spr+ wat]s spreads !m out 9 long flatt5$ slopes4 ,! c5turies pass4 ,! ru9 buries itself deep 9 ! s(t s&/one4 ,! side valleys "w miles back into ! p9e =e/4 ,ea* valley acquires its own sy/em ( erosion2 into ea*1 f ei!r side1 ent] small] valleys :i* !mselves are eat+ backw>d into ! promontories4 ,! great valley ( ! ,colorado n[ has broad conv]g+ cliff-brok5 sides4 ,"h & !re ^! ind5tations meet f> 9 ! backgr\nd beh9d ! promontories1 isolat+ isl&-l mesas4 ,! re/ ( ! /ory is simple repetition4 ,imag9e en\gh ?\s&s ( c5turies & y w imag9e ! ,gr& ,canyon4 ,^? myriad temples & ca/les & b>b>ic %r9es are all t ! ra9s & melt+ sn[s h left ( noble mesas1 "s ( :i*1 :5 orig9ally isolat$1 enclos$1 z ! m>ble encloses ! future /atue1 scores ( ! less] b mighty /ructures :i* compose ! wond] city ( ! dep?s4 ,^! ar*itectural op]ations ( ,nature may be se5 to-day 9 midway /ages4 ,f9d on ! map ! ,p[ell ,plateau 9 ! nor?we/ ( ! canyon4 ,once x 0 cont9u\s ) ! rim1 a noble promontory4 ,x 0 cut out f ! rim p]haps )9 ! exi/5ce ( ! human race4 ,a few hundr$ ?\s& ye>s f n[ x w be "o or m ,aladd9 palaces4 ,f9d on ! map ! great ,walhalla ,plateau 9 ! ea/ ( ! canyon4 ,note t its base is ne>ly sep>at$ f ! p>5tal rim2 a ?\s& c5turies or s & its isolation w be complete4 ,n long aft] t1 z geologi/s reckon l5g? ( "t1 x w divide into two plateaus2 x is easy to pick ! place ( division4 ,! t\ri/ ( a million ye>s h5ce w see1 :]e n[ x /&s1 a hundr$ gl[+ ca/les4 ,let u look aga9 at our photographs1 :i* n[ we c see ) und]/&+4 ,to realize ! spectacle ( ! canyon1 let imag9ation pa9t ^! /rata _! brilliant colors4 ,x w n be difficult2 b "h aga9 we mu/ und]/&4 ,x is well to recall t ^! /rata 7 laid 9 ! sea1 & t !y h>d5$ into /one :5 ! e>?'s sk9 0 pu%$ ?\s&s ( feet 9 air4 ,orig9ally !y 7 ! wa%+s ( di/ant highl&s br\ght d[n by riv]s2 ! color+ ( ! %ales & s&/ones is t ( ! p>5t rock modifi$1 no d\bt1 by *emical action 9 sea-wat]4 ,! lime/one1 product ( ! sea1 is gray4 ,z ^! diff]5tly color$ /rata 7 once cont9u\s across ! canyon1 x foll[s t _! sequ5ce is practically id5tical on bo? sides ( ! canyon4 ,t ! colors seem confus$ is because1 view+ ! spectacle f an elevation1 we see ! enorm\s ind5tations ( ! opposite rim 9 brok5 & disorganiz$ p]spective4 ,few m9ds are pati5t & ord]ly en\gh to fully dis5tangle ! kaleidoscopic dis>ray1 b1 if we c id5tify ! /rata by =m z well z color1 we c at lea/ compreh5d )\t tr\ble our pr9cipal outl9e2 & compreh5sion is ! broad highway to appreciation4 ,to id5tify ^! /rata1 x is necess>y to call !m by "n4 ,! names t geologi/s h assign$ !m h no sci5tific significance o!r ?an id5tity2 !y are ,indian & local4 ,beg9n+ at ! canyon rim we h a /alw>t cliff ( gray lime/one kn[n z ! ,kaibab ,lime/one1 or1 conv]sationally1 ! ,kaibab2 x is ab\t sev5 hundr$ feet ?ick4 ,( ?is product ( a million ye>s ( microscopic life & dea? on sea-bottoms is =m$ ! spl5did s\?-rim cliffs f :i* we view ! *asm4 ,across ! canyon x is always recognizable z ! rim4 ,bel[ ! talus ( ! ,kaibab is ! ,cocon9o s&/one1 light yell[i%-gray1 co>se ( gra91 ! product ( swift curr5ts ( untold ?\s&s ( c5turies ago4 ,?is /ratum makes a f9e bright cliff usually ab\t f\r hundr$ feet 9 ?ickness1 an effective ro(+ = ! gl[+ r$s ( ! dep?s4 ,imm$iately bel[ ! ,cocon9o are ! spl5did r$ %ales & s&/ones kn[n z ! ,supai =mation4 ,^! lie 9 _m /rata ( v>y+ %ades1 qualities1 & ?icknesses1 b all1 se5 across ! canyon1 m]g+ into a s+le enorm\s horizontal body ( gorge\s r$4 ,! ,supai measures elev5 hundr$ feet 9 p]p5dicul> ?ickness1 b z x is usually se5 9 slopes :i* sometimes are long & g5tle1 x pres5ts to ! eye a surface sev]al times z broad4 ,?is is ! mo/ prom95t s+le mass ( color 9 ! canyon1 = n only does x =m ! broade/ feature ( ! opposite wall & ( ! enorm\s promontories :i* jut !refrom1 b ! ma9 bodies ( ,buddha1 ,zoroa/]1 & _m o!rs ( ! fanta/ic temples :i* rise f ! floor4 ,bel[ ! ,supai1 a p]p5dicul> wall ( int5se r$ five hundr$ feet high =ces its p]sonality ^u e foot ( ! canyon's va/ l5g?4 ,?is is ! fam\s ,r$wall1 a gray lime/one /a9$ crimson ) ! drip ( ,supai dye f above4 ,h>d] ?an ! slop+ s&/one above & ! %ale bel[1 x pu%es aggressively into ! picture1 squ>$1 p]p5dicul>1 gl[+4 ,x w9ds 9 & out ( e bay & gulf1 & fronts precipit\sly e fl>+ promontory4 ,x ro(s ) ov]hang+ eaves _m a noble palace & turns _m a t[]+ monum5t into a pagoda4 ,next bel[ 9 s]ies is ! ,tonto1 a deep1 broad1 %all[ slant ( dull-gre5 & yell[ %ale1 :i*1 ) ! ?9 broad s&/one base on :i* x re/s1 =ms ! floor ( ! out] canyon1 ! tessellat$ pavem5t ( ! city ( flame4 ,)\t ! ,tonto's gre5 ! spectacle ( ! ,gr& ,canyon w\ld h miss$ its contra/ & its fulness4 ,?r\gh ?is floor ! ,granite ,gorge w9ds its s]p5t9e way1 two ?\s& feet deep1 d>k ) %ad[s1 %9+ 9 places :]e ! riv] sw+s 9 view4 ,^! are ! s]ies ( =m & color4 ,!y occur ) great regul>ity except 9 sev]al spots deep 9 ! canyon :]e small pat*es ( gleam+ qu>tzites & brilliant r$ %ales %[ aga9/ ! d>k granite2 ! l>ge/ ( ^! lies 9 ! dep?s directly opposite ,el ,tov>4 ,^! rocks are all t "o sees ( anci5t ,algonkian /rata :i* once ov]lay ! granite to a dep? ( ?irte5 ?\s& feet--m ?an twice ! pres5t total dep? ( ! canyon4 ,! erosion ( _m ?\s&s ( c5turies wore !m away be=e ! rocks t n[ compose ! floor1 ! temples & ! precipic$ walls ( ! great canyon 7 ev5 deposit$ 9 ! sea z s& & lime/one ooze1 a fact t /rik+ly emphasizes ! enorm\s age ( ?is exhibit4 ,geologi/s speak ( ^! spla%es ( ,algonkian rocks z ! ,unk> gr\p1 ano!r local ,indian designation4 ,!re is also a simil> ,*u> gr\p1 :i* ne$ n conc]n any except ^? :o make a close /udy ( ! canyon4 ,?is is ! picture4 ,! imag9ation may realize a fleet1 vivid impression f ! photograph4 ,! visitor ^u ! rim1 outl9e 9 h&1 may trace its twi/+ elem5ts 9 a few mom5ts ( att5tive obs]vation1 & !reaft] enjoy 8 canyon z "o only enjoys a new city :5 he has ma/]$ its s*eme & _s1 & c m5tally classify its details z !y pass be=e him4 ,to "o ?us prep>$1 ! ,gr& ,canyon ceases to be ! brew-pot ( *aotic emotion & becomes ! ord]ly revelation ( ,nature1 ! ma/] craftsman & ! div9e arti/4 ,,iii ,entrance is f ! s\?4 ,! motor-road to ,gr& ,view is available = mo/ ( ! ye>4 ,! railroad to ! ,el ,tov> ,hotel s]ves ! ye> ar\nd1 = ! ,gr& ,canyon is an all-ye> resort4 ,!re is a %ort w9t] ( heavy sn[s on ! rim1 b n 9 ! canyon1 :i* may be desc5d$ at all seasons4 ,bo? r\tes t]m9ate on ! rim4 ,always dramatic1 ! ,gr& ,canyon welcomes ! pilgrim 9 ! full panoply ( its appall+ glory4 ,!re is no wait+ 9 ! ant]oom1 no s\nd+ ( trumpets1 no c]emony ( pres5tation4 ,he /&s at once 9 ! pres5ce4 ,mo/ visitors h b\ght tickets at home :i* p]mit only "o day's /ay4 ,! irrecov]able s5sation ( ! fir/ view is brok5 by ! necessity = an imm$iate decision ^u h[ to sp5d t day1 = if "o is to desc5d horseback to ! riv] he mu/ engage 8 place & don 8 rid+-clo!s at once4 ,"u ?is /ress ! majority elect to rema9 on ! rim = reasons :olly ap>t f any "q ( respective m]it4 ,illu/ration3 ,f a photograph copyright by ,fr$ ,h>vey ,,sunset ,,f ,,gr& ,,view1 ,,gr& ,,canyon ,,national ,,p>k ,all ! /rata f ! rim to ! riv] may be se5 9 ?is picture ,aft] all1 if only "o day is possible1 x is ! wise decision4 ,) ! rim road1 ov] :i* v>i\s drives are s*$ul$1 & sev]al comm&+ po9ts to ^: precipices "o may walk1 x w be a day to rememb] = a lifetime4 ,"o %\ld n attempt too mu* 9 ?is "o day4 ,x is en\gh to sit 9 ! pres5ce ( ! spectacle4 ,=tunate is he :o may /ay ano!r day & desc5d ! trail into ! /reets ( ?is va/ city2 _m times =tunate he :o may live a little amid its glories4 ,because ( ?is g5]al habit ( see+ ! ,gr& ,canyon betwe5 sunrise & sunset1 ! admirable hotel accommodations are n ext5sive1 b suffici5t4 ,!re are cottage accommodations also at *eap] rates4 ,hotels & cottages are well patroniz$ summ] & w9t]4 ,^u ! rim are unique re/-h\ses1 9 "o ( :i* is a high-p[] telescope4 ,!re is a memorial alt> to ,john ,wesley ,p[ell1 ! fir/ explor] ( ! canyon4 ,!re is an excell5t reproduction ( a ,hopi h\se4 ,!re is an ,indian camp4 ,! day's w&]] ^u ! rim w n lack ent]ta9m5t :5 8 eyes turn = re/ f ! *asm4 ,f ! hotel1 coa*es make regul> trips daily to v>i\s viewpo9ts4 ,hopi ,po9t1 ,mohave ,po9t1 ,yavapai ,po9t1 & ,gr&eur ,po9t may all be visit$2 ! run ( eight miles along ! fam\s ,h]mit ,rim ,road p]mits brief /ops at ,hopi1 ,mohave1 & ,pima ,po9ts4 ,automobiles also make regul> runs to ! gorge\s spectacle f ,gr& ,view4 ,/ill m di/ant po9ts may be made 9 private or hir$ c>s4 ,navajo ,po9t (f]s unequall$ views up & d[n ! full l5g? ( ! canyon1 & an automobile-road w br+ ! visitor )9 easy rea* ( ,bass ,camp ne> ,havasupai ,po9t 9 ! f> we/ ( ! res]vation4 ,_m "o-day visitors take none ( ^! /age & automobile trips1 cont5t$ to dream ! h\rs away ^u ,yavapai or ,hopi ,po9ts ne> by4 ,aft] all1 x is j z well4 ,a s+le viewpo9t _c be ma/]$ 9 "o's fir/ day1 s :at's ! use ( o!rs8 ,on ! o!r h&1 see+ ! same view f diff]5t viewpo9ts miles ap>t w enri* & elaborate x4 ,besides1 "o %\ld see _m views 9 ord] to acquire "s conception1 h[ev] small1 ( ! intricacy & gr&eur ( ! canyon4 ,besides1 ^! trips help to re/ ! eyes & m9d4 ,x is h>d inde$ to advise ! unlucky "o-day visitor4 ,x is z if a dyspeptic %\ld lead y to an elaborate banquet ( a doz5 c\rses1 & say3 ,i h p]mission to eat ?ree bites4 ,please help me *oose !m4 ,:]ev] he /&s ^u ! rim ! appall+ sil5ce hu%es ! voice to :isp]s4 ,no ca!dral imposes /illness s complete4 ,x is sacrilege to speak1 almo/ to move4 ,& yet ! ,gr& ,canyon is a mov+ picture4 ,x *anges e mom5t4 ,always %ad[s are disappe>+ "h1 appe>+ !re2 %ort5+ "h1 l5g!n+ !re4 ,) e pass+ h\r x becomes a diff]5t ?+4 ,x is a sun-dial ( monum5tal size4 ,9 ! e>ly morn+ ! light /reams d[n ! canyon f ! ea/4 ,c]ta9 promontories %oot miles into ! picture1 gleam+ 9 vivid color1 back$ by d>k %ad[s4 ,c]ta9 palaces & temples /& 9 magnific5t relief4 ,! inn] gorge is brilliantly outl9$ 9 c]ta9 places4 ,z ! day advances ^! prom95ces %ift positions2 "s fade2 "s disappe>2 /ill o!rs spr+ into view4 ,z midday approa*es ! %ad[s fade2 ! promontories flatt52 ! t[]+ edifices move bodily backw>d & m]ge !mselves 9 ! opposite rim4 ,!re is a p]iod ( sev]al h\rs :5 ! :ole canyon has become a solid wall2 /rata fail to mat*2 eye & m9d become confus$2 compreh5sion is baffl$ by ! tangle ( disconnect$ b&s ( color2 ! wat*] is di/ress$ by an oppressive s5se ( helplessness4 ,x is :5 aft]noon is well advanc$ t ! magician sun beg9s 8 mo/ a/oni%+ miracles 9 ! canyon's dep?s4 ,out f ! blaz+ wall1 "o by "o1 /ep ! mighty obelisks & palaces1 def9$ by ev]-*ang+ %ad[s4 ,unsuspect$ promontories em]ge1 undream$-( gulfs s9k back 9 ! p]spective4 ,! s]p5t9e gorge appe>s "h1 fades !re1 seems almo/ to move 9 ! sl[-*ang+ %ad[s4 ,i %all n try ev5 to sugge/ ! s\l-uplift+ spectacle :i* culm9ates 9 sunset4 ,days may be sp5t ^u ! rim 9 _m =ms ( pleasure2 %ort camp+ trips may be made to di/ant po9ts4 ,! desc5t into ! canyon is usually made f ,el ,tov> d[n ! ,bright ,angel ,trail1 s call$ because x faces ! spl5did ,bright ,angel ,canyon ( ! nor? side1 & by ! new] ,h]mit ,trail :i* />ts a few miles we/4 ,!re are trails at ,gr& ,view1 eight miles ea/1 & at ,bass ,camp1 tw5ty-f\r miles we/ ( ,el ,tov>1 :i* are seldom us$ n[4 ,all g to ! bottom ( ! ,granite ,gorge4 ,! commonly us$ trails may be travell$ afoot by ^? physically able1 & on mule-back by any p]son ( any age :o enjoys ord9>y heal?4 ,! ,bright ,angel trip returns ! travell] to ! rim at day's end4 ,! ,h]mit ,trail trip camps him ov]night on ! floor ( ! canyon at ! base ( a magic temple4 ,! f9e/ trip ( all takes him d[n ! ,h]mit ,trail1 gives him a night 9 ! dep?s1 & returns him to ! rim by ! ,bright ,angel ,trail4 ,p[ell nam$ ,bright ,angel ,creek dur+ t memorable fir/ passage ?r\gh ! ,canyon4 ,he _h j nam$ a muddy creek ,dirty ,devil1 :i* sugge/$1 by contra/1 ! "n ( ,bright ,angel = a /ream s pure & sp>kl+4 ,! ,havasupai ,indian res]vation may be visit$ 9 ! dep?s ( ,cat>act ,canyon by foll[+ ! trail f ,bass ,camp4 ,! fir/ exp]i5ce usually not$ 9 ! desc5t is ! f9e quality ( ! trail1 g5tle 9 slope & bord]$ by rock on ! /eep side4 ,! next exp]i5ce is ! disappe>ance ( ! /raight uncompromis+ horizon ( ! opposite rim1 :i* is a di/9ctive feature ( e view f above4 ,z soon z ! desc5t fairly beg9s1 ev5 ! small] bluffs & promontories assume t[]+ proportions1 &1 f ! ,tonto floor1 ! mighty elevations ( ,*eops1 ,isis1 ,zoroa/]1 ,%iva1 ,wotan1 & ! c\ntless o!r temples ( ! abyss become m\nta9s ( enorm\s height4 ,illu/ration3 ,f a photograph copyright by ,fr$ ,h>vey ,,camp+ ,,p>ty ,,on ,,! ,,s\? ,,rim ,?is is )9 a few hundr$ feet ( ! ,gr& ,canyon abyss ,illu/ration3 ,f a photograph copyright by ,fr$ ,h>vey ,,d[n ,,h]mit ,,trail ,,f ,,rim ,,to ,,riv] ,gr& ,canyon ,national ,p>k ,f ! riv]'s side ! elevations ( ! ,granite ,gorge pres5t a new s]ies ( precipit\s t[]s1 back ( :i* 9 places loom ! tops ( ! pa9t$ palaces1 & back ( !m1 f occasional favor$ view-spots1 ! f>-di/ant rim4 ,"h1 & "h only1 does ! ,gr& ,canyon reveal ! fulness ( its mean+4 ,,iv ,! ,gr& ,canyon 0 discov]$ 9 #aedj by ,el ,tov>1 "o ( ! capta9s ( ,c>d5as1 9 *>ge ( "o ( ! exp$itions ( ! ,spani% explor]1 ,diaz1 :o 0 hunt+ = sev5 fabl$ cities ( va/ weal?4 ,!y rea*$ ! banks ( a riv] :i* seem$ to be m ?an ?ree or f\r leagues above ! /ream t fl[$ betwe5 !m4 ,x 0 se5 9 #aggf by a ,spani% prie/ :o s\ght a cross+ & f\nd "o at a po9t f> above ! canyon2 ?is /ill be>s ! "n ,vado de los ,padres4 ,by #ahdj x 0 probably kn[n to ! trapp]s :o ov]ran ! c\ntry4 ,9 #ahej ,lieut5ant ,:ipple1 survey+ = a ,pacific r\te1 explor$ ! ,black ,canyon & asc5d$ ! ,gr& ,canyon to ,diamond ,creek4 ,9 #aheg ,lieut5ant ,ives1 s5t by ! ,w> ,dep>tm5t to te/ ! navigability ( ! ,colorado1 asc5d$ z f> z ! ,virg9 ,riv] 9 a /eamboat :i* he _h %ipp$ 9 pieces f ,philadelphia4 ,f !re he ent]$ ! ,gr& ,canyon afoot1 climb$ to ! rim1 &1 mak+ a det\r1 enc\nt]$ ! riv] aga9 high] up4 ,9 #ahfg ,james ,:ite 0 pick$ up bel[ ! ,virg9 ,riv] la%$ to float+ logs4 ,he said t 8 hunt+-p>ty ne> ! head ( ! ,colorado ,riv]1 attack$ by ,indians1 _h escap$ ^u a raft4 ,?is pres5tly broke up 9 ! rapids & 8 companions 7 lo/4 ,he la%$ himself to ! wreckage & 0 wa%$ ?r\gh ! ,gr& ,canyon4 ,ab\t ?is "t ,major ,john ,wesley ,p[ell1 a s*ool-tea*] :o _h lo/ an arm 9 ! ,civil ,w>1 det]m9$ to explore ! great canyons ( ! ,gre5 & ,colorado ,riv]s4 ,besides ! imm5se b5efit to sci5ce1 ! exp$ition promis$ a great adv5ture4 ,_m lives _h be5 lo/ 9 ^! canyons & wond]ful 7 ! tales told conc]n+ !m4 ,indians report$ t huge cat>acts 7 hidd5 9 _! dep?s & t 9 "o place ! riv] swept ?r\gh an und]gr\nd passage4 ,nev]!less1 ) ! f9ancial back+ ( ! ,/ate in/itutions ( ,ill9ois & ! ,*icago ,academy ( ,sci5ce1 ,p[ell got toge!r a p>ty ( t5 m5 ) f\r op5 boats1 provisions = t5 mon?s1 & all necess>y sci5tific in/rum5ts4 ,he />t$ above ! canyons ( ! ,gre5 ,riv] on ,may #bd1 #ahfi4 ,!re are _m canyons on ! ,gre5 & ,colorado ,riv]s4 ,!y v>y 9 l5g? f eight to a hundr$ & fifty miles1 ) walls successively ris+ f ?irte5 hundr$ to ?irty-five hundr$ feet 9 height4 ,! climax ( all1 ! ,gr& ,canyon1 is two hundr$ & sev5te5 miles long1 ) walls six ?\s& feet 9 height4 ,illu/ration3 ,f a photograph by ,a4,j4 ,bak] ,,?r\gh ,,! ,,granite ,,gorge ,,surges ,,! ,,muddy ,,colorado ,illu/ration3 ,f a photograph by ,fr$ ,h>vey ,,:5 ,,morn+ ,,mi/s ,,lift ,,f ,,! ,,dep?s ,,( ,,! ,,gr& ,,canyon ,on ,augu/ #ag1 :5 ,p[ell & 8 adv5tur]s rea*$ ! ,gr& ,canyon1 _! rations _h be5 r$uc$ by upsets & o!r accid5ts to en\gh mu/y fl\r = t5 days1 pl5ty ( c(fee1 & a few dri$ apples4 ,! bacon _h spoil$4 ,mo/ ( ! sci5tific in/rum5ts 7 9 ! bottom ( ! riv]4 ,"o boat 0 de/roy$4 ,! m5 7 wet to ! sk9 & unable to make a fire4 ,9 ?is plight !y ent]$ ! ,gr& ,canyon1 some:]e 9 ^: dep?s a great cat>act _h be5 report$4 ,! /ory ( ! passage is too long to tell "h4 ,*ill$1 hungry1 & worn1 !y /ruggl$ ?r\gh x4 ,(t5 !y 7 oblig$ to let _! boats d[n /eep rapids by ropes1 & clamb] aft] !m along ! slipp]y precipices4 ,(t5 !re 0 no?+ to d b to climb into _! boats & run d[n long foam+ slants ar\nd ! corn]s ( :i* dea?1 p]haps1 await$4 ,_m times !y 7 upset & b>ely escap$ ) _! lives4 ,) no wraps or clo?+ t 7 n soak$ ) wat]1 !re 7 nights :5 !y c\ld n sleep = ! cold4 ,s ! days pass$ & ! food less5$ to a few h&fuls ( wet fl\r4 ,! dang]s increas$2 "s falls 7 tw5ty feet 9 height4 ,f9ally ?ree ( ! m5 det]m9$ to des]t2 !y believ$ !y c\ld climb ! walls & t _! *ances w\ld be bett] ) ! ,indians ?an ) ! canyon4 ,p[ell endeavor$ to dissuade !m1 b !y 7 firm4 ,he (f]$ to divide 8 fl\r ) !m1 b ?is !y refus$4 ,^! m51 two ,h[l&s1 bro!rs1 & ,william ,dunn1 climb$ ! canyon walls & 7 kill$ by ,indians4 ,two or ?ree days lat] ,p[ell & ! re/ ( 8 p>ty em]g$ bel[ ! ,gr& ,canyon1 :]e !y f\nd food & safety4 ,taught by ! exp]i5ce ( ?is great adv5ture1 ,p[ell made a second trip two ye>s lat] :i* 0 a sci5tific a*ievem5t4 ,lat] on he became ,director ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,geological ,survey4 ,s9ce !n1 ! passage ( ! ,gr& ,canyon has be5 made sev]al times4 ,r4,b4 ,/anton made x 9 #ahhi 9 ! c\rse ( a survey = a propos$ railroad ?r\gh ! canyon2 "o ( ! lead]s ( ! p>ty 0 dr[n$4 ,v ,! hi/ory ( ! ,gr& ,canyon has be5 indu/ri\sly collect$4 ,x rema9s = o!rs to ga!r ! leg5ds4 ,x is en\gh "h to quote f ,p[ell ! ,indian /ory ( its orig94 ,long ago1 he writes1 !re 0 a great & wise *ief :o m\rn$ ! dea? ( 8 wife1 & w\ld n be com=t$ until ,tavwoats1 "o ( ! ,indian gods1 came to him & told him 8 wife 0 9 a happi] l&1 & (f]$ to take him !re t he might see = himself1 if1 ^u 8 return1 he w\ld cease to m\rn4 ,! great *ief promis$4 ,!n ,tavwoats made a trail ?r\gh ! m\nta9s t int]v5e betwe5 t beautiful l&1 ! balmy region ( ! great ,we/1 & ?is1 ! des]t home ( ! poor ,numa4 ,?is trail 0 ! canyon gorge ( ! ,colorado4 ,?r\gh x he l$ him2 & :5 !y _h return$ ! deity exact$ f ! *ief a promise t he w\ld tell no "o ( ! trail4 ,!n he roll$ a riv] into ! gorge1 a mad1 rag+ /ream1 t %\ld engulf any t might attempt to ent] !reby4 ,,vi ,! bill creat+ ! ,gr& ,canyon ,national ,p>k pass$ ,congress e>ly 9 #aiai1 & 0 sign$ by ,presid5t ,wilson on ,febru>y #bf4 ,?is clos$ an int]mitt5t campaign ( ?irty-?ree ye>s1 begun by ,presid5t ,h>rison1 !n s5ator f ,indiana1 9 ,janu>y1 #ahhf1 to make a national p>k ( ! mo/ /up5d\s natural spectacle 9 ! _w4 ,politics1 private int]e/s1 & ! delib]ation ( gov]nm5tal proc$ure 7 ! causes ( delay4 ,a self-evid5t proposition f ! beg9n+1 x illu/rates ! enorm\s difficulties :i* confront ^? :o labor to develop our national-p>ks sy/em4 ,! /ory is wor? ! tell+4 ,s5ator ,h>rison's bill ( #ahhf met an in/ant response f ! :ole nation4 ,x call$ = a national p>k fifty-six miles long & sixty-n9e miles wide4 ,!re 0 opposition f ,arizona & ! bill fail$4 ,9 #ahic ! ,gr& ,canyon ,national ,=e/ 0 creat$4 ,9 #ahih1 depr$ations & unlawful seizures ( l& hav+ be5 report$1 ! ,secret>y ( ! ,int]ior direct$ ! ,l&-,(fice to prep>e a new national-p>k bill4 ,9 #ahii ! ,l&-,(fice report$ t ! bill c\ld n be drawn until ! region 0 survey$4 ,x took ! ,geological ,survey five ye>s to make ! survey4 ,! bill 0 n prep>$ because meantime x 0 discov]$ t ! ,atlantic & ,pacific ,railroad1 n[ ! ,santa ,fe1 own$ rights :i* fir/ mu/ be elim9at$4 ,fail+ to become a national p>k1 ,presid5t ,roosevelt proclaim$ ! ,gr& ,canyon a national monum5t 9 #aijh4 ,9 #aiji a bill 0 introduc$ entitl+ ,ralph ,h4 ,cam]on to build a sc5ic railway along ! canyon rim1 :i* creat$ mu* adv]se criticism & fail$4 ,9 #aiaj ! ,am]ican ,sc5ic & ,hi/oric ,pres]vation ,society propos$ a bill to create ! ,gr& ,canyon a national p>k ( l>ge size4 ,! ,geological ,survey1 to :i* x 0 ref]r$1 recomm5d$ a mu* small] area4 ,by ! direction ( ,presid5t ,taft1 ,s5ator ,fl9t introduc$ a national-p>k bill :i* diff]$ f bo? sugge/ions4 ,! opposition ( graz+ int]e/s ?rew x into ! h&s ( conf]ees4 ,9 #aiaa ,s5ator ,fl9t introduc$ ! conf]ees' bill1 b x 0 oppos$ by private int]e/s & fail$4 ,meantime ! c\ntry became ar\s$4 ,patriotic societies petition$ = a national p>k1 & ! ,national ,f$]ation ( ,wom5's ,clubs began an agitation4 ,! ,dep>tm5t ( ! ,int]ior prep>$ a map ^u :i* to base a bill1 & = sev]al ye>s negotiat$ ) ! ,=e/ ,s]vice1 :i* adm9i/]$ ! ,gr& ,canyon z a national monum5t1 conc]n+ b\nd>ies4 ,f9ally ! b\nd>ies 7 r$uc$ to little m ?an ! actual rim ( ! canyon1 & a bill 0 prep>$ :i* ,s5ator ,a%ur/ introduc$ 9 ,febru>y1 #aiag4 ,x fail$ 9 committee 9 ! ,h\se ow+ to opposition f ,arizona4 ,x 0 ! same bill1 aga9 introduc$ by ,s5ator ,a%ur/ 9 ! new ,congress two mon?s lat]1 :i* f9ally pass$ ! ,h\se & became a law 9 #aiai2 b x requir$ a favor+ resolution by ! ,arizona legislature to pave ! way4 ,meantime _m s*emes 7 laun*$ to utilize ! ,gr& ,canyon = private ga94 ,x 0 pla/]$ ?ickly ) m9+ claims1 ?\gh ! ,geological ,survey %[$ t x conta9$ no m9]als wor? m9+2 m9+ claims help$ delay4 ,s*em]s s\ght capital to utilize its wat]s = p[]4 ,railroads 7 project$4 ,plans 7 drawn to run sightsee+ c>s across x on wire cables4 ,^! 7 ! int]e/s1 & _m o!rs1 :i* oppos$ ! national p>k4 ,,xvii ,,! ,,ra9b[ ,,( ,,! ,,des]t ,,zion ,,national ,,monum5t1 ,,s\!rn ,,utah4 ,,area1 #abj ,,squ>e ,,miles ,:51 9 ! sev5ties1 ,major ,j4,w4 ,p[ell1 ! d>+ adv5tur] ( ! ,gr& ,canyon1 fac$ ,salt ,lake ,city on 8 return f "o ( 8 notable geological explorations ( ! s\?we/1 he laid 8 c\rse by a temple ( rock lift+ its opalesc5t %\ld]s aga9/ ! ea/]n sky4 ,8 p>ty fir/ sight$ x across sev5ty miles ( a des]t :i* rose 9 a s]ies ( ,cyclopean /eps4 ,:51 climb+ ^!1 !y _h se5 ! ,we/ ,temple ( ! ,virg9 reveal$ 9 ! glory ( v]milion body & %9+ :ite dome1 & _h gaz$ betwe5 ! gl[+ ,gates ( ,little ,zion into ! gorge\s valley )91 ^! sc5]y-sat$ vet]ans ( ! ,gr& ,canyon & ! ,pa9t$ ,des]t pass$ homew>d pr(\ndly impress$ & plann+ quick return4 ,no wond] t ,brigham ,"y1 :o _h visit$ x _m ye>s be=e ) a p>ty ( ,mormons seek+ a refuge 9 ev5t ( ,indian raids or ( exile f _! ,zion1 ,salt ,lake ,city1 _h look$ ^u its glory z prophetic1 & nam$ x ,little ,zion4 ,geologi/s f\nd ! spot a fruitful field ( /udy4 ,!y f\nd x also a ma/]piece ( des]t beauty4 ,aga9 we are impress$ ) ! m>vell\s beauty ( outl9e1 ! inf9ite complication ( ^! titanic buttes1 wrote ,f4,s4 ,dell5baugh1 topograph] ( ! ,p[ell p>ty1 on 8 second visit4 ,x is d\btful if 9 ?is respect ! valley has its equal4 ,n ev5 ! ,gr& ,canyon (f]s a m v>i$ spectacle2 yet all is weld$ toge!r 9 a sup]b ensemble4 ,no?+ c exce$ ! wondr\s beauty ( ,little ,zion ,canyon1 wrote ,c4,e4 ,dutton4 ,9 its proportions x is ab\t equal to ,yosemite1 b 9 ! nobility & beauty ( its sculptures !re is no comp>ison4 ,x is ,hyp]ion to a ,satyr4 ,no wond] ! fi]ce ,mormon zealot :o nam$ x 0 rem9d$ ( ! ,great ,zion on :i* 8 f]vid ?\ghts 7 b5t1 ( 'h\ses n built ) h&s1 et]nal 9 ! heav5s4' ,& ,doctor ,g4,k4 ,gilb]t1 ^: intimate /udy ( its recesses has become a geological classic1 decl>$ x ! mo/ wond]ful defile t x _h be5 ev5 8 exp]i5c$ =tune to behold4 ,te*nical lit]ature conta9s o!r outbur/s ( en?usia/ic admiration1 "s ( eloqu5ce1 hidd51 h[ev]1 among pages s incompreh5sible to ! av]age lov] ( ! sublime 9 ,nature t ! glory ( ,little ,zion 0 lo/ 9 its v discov]y4 ,s remote did x lie f ! usual l9es ( travel & traffic t1 ?\gh its importance result$ 9 its cons]vation z a national monum5t 9 #aiji1 x 0 six or sev5 ye>s m be=e its fame z a spectacle ( ! fir/ ord] began to get ab\t4 ,! tales ( adv5tur\s explor]s1 z usual1 7 disc\nt$4 ,x 0 n until ag5cies seek+ new t\ri/ attractions s5t p>ties to v]ify reports t ! public gaze 0 c5tr$ ^u ! canyon's supreme lovel9ess4 ,illu/ration ,to picture ,zion "o mu/ recall t ! great plateau 9 :i* ! ,virg9 ,riv] has sunk ^! canyons 0 once enorm\sly high] ?an n[4 ,! erosion ( hundr$s ( ?\s&s1 or1 if y please1 millions ( ye>s1 has cut d[n & /ill is cutt+ d[n ! plateau4 ,^! ,cyclopean /eps1 ea* /ep ! ?ickness ( a /ratum or a s]ies ( /rata ( h>d5$ s&s1 m>k progressive /ages 9 ! decomposition ( ! :ole4 ,little ,zion ,canyon is an e>ly /age 9 ,nature's process ( levell+ /ill ano!r s&/one /ep1 t is all2 ?is "o =tunately ( _m gorge\s hues4 ,f ! top ( ?is lay] we may look d[n ?\s&s ( v]tical feet into ! pa9t$ canyon ^: riv] /ill is sweep+ out ! s&s t ,nature *isels f ! cliffs2 or f ! canyon's bottom we may look up ?\s&s ( feet to ! cliff$ & s]rat$ top ( ! doom$ plateau4 ,^! ornate precipices 7 c>v$ by trickl+ wat] & tireless w9ds4 ,^! flut$ & t[]$ temples ( ma/] decoration 7 disclos$ :5 wat]y *isels cut away ! s&s t =m]ly _h m]g$ !m ) ! anci5t rock1 j z ! ,lion ( ,luc]ne 0 disclos$ = ! joy ( ! _w :5 ,?orwalds5's *isel *ipp$ away ! ,alp9e rock surr\nd+ its un=m$ image4 ,! colors are ev5 m extraord9>y ?an ! =ms4 ,! celebrat$ ,v]milion ,cliff1 :i* = m ?an a hundr$ miles /reaks ! des]t l&scape ) vivid r$1 "h comb9es spectacul>ly ) ! ,:ite ,cliff1 ano!r fam\s des]t feature--two ?\s& feet ( ! r$ surm\nt$ by a ?\s& feet ( ! :ite4 ,^! con/itute ! body ( color4 ,b !re are o!r colors4 ,! ,v]milion ,cliff re/s ^u ! s-call$ ,pa9t$ ,des]t /ratum1 ?ree hundr$ & fifty feet ( a m insi/5t r$ reliev$ by mauve & purple %ale4 ,t 9 turn re/s ^u a hundr$ feet ( br[n conglom]ate /reak$ ) gray1 ! grave ( reptiles ^: bones h surviv$ a million ye>s or m4 ,& t re/s ^u ! gre5s & grays & yell[s ( ! ,belt$ ,%ales4 ,nor is ?is all1 = f> 9 ! air above ! wond]ful ,:ite ,cliff rise 9 places six hundr$ feet ( drab %ales & *ocolate lime/ones int]mix$ ) crimsons ^: escap+ dye drips 9 broad v]tical /reaks across ! gli/5+ :ite4 ,& ev5 above t1 9 places1 lie remnants ( ! mottl$1 _m-color$ b$s ( ,/4 ,elmo %ales & lime/ones 9 ^: embrace1 a few hundr$ miles away1 lie emb$d$ ! bones ( _m mon/] d9osaurs ( ages ^u ages ago4 ,?r\gh ^! successive lay]s ( s&s & %ales & lime/ones1 ! deposits ( a million ye>s ( e>?'s evolution1 color$ l a ,roman sa%1 gl[+ 9 ! sun l a ra9b[1 ! ,virg9 ,riv] has cut a v]tical section1 & out ( its sides ! ra9s ( c5turies ( c5turies h deta*$ mon/] monoli?s & temples ( m>vell\s size & fanta/ic %ape1 ^u ^: _m-angl$ surfaces wat] & w9d h sculptur$ t5 ?\s& fanciful designs & decorations4 ,! way 9 to ?is des]t ma/]piece ( s\!rn ,utah is a hundr$ miles ( progressive prep>ation4 ,f railroad to canyon !re is n an unuseful mile or h\r4 ,x is z if all 7 plann$1 /ep by /ep1 to make ready ! m9d ( ! travell] to receive ! revelation ) fulle/ compreh5sion4 ,to "o approa*+ :o does n "k ! des]t1 ! motion-picture on ! scre5 ( ! c>-w9d[ is excit+ 9 its my/]y4 ,^! va/ arid bottoml&s ( prehi/oric ,lake ,bonneville1 gird$ by m\nta9 gr\ps & ranges z arid z ! s&s f :i* !y lift _! tawny sides1 provoke sugge/ive que/ions ( ! pa/4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,we/]n ,,temple ,,! ,,ea/]n ,,temple ,,outl9es ,,( ,,! ,,we/]n ,,& ,,ea/]n ,,temples1 ,,zion ,,national ,,monum5t ,f draw+s by ,william ,h4 ,holmes ,9 ?is receptive mood ! travell] rea*es ,lund & an automobile4 ,! ride to ,c$> ,city1 :]e he sp5ds ! night1 %[s him ! sage-dott$ des]t at close range4 ,8 horizon is "o ( b>e1 rugg$ m\nta9s4 ,9 front ( him rise ! ,cyclopean /eps 9 long1 irregul>1 deeply ind5t$ sweeps4 ,! vivid ,p9k ,cliff1 :i*1 _h x n long s9ce be5 wa%$ away f ,little ,zion1 w\ld h add$ ano!r ti] ( color to its top1 "h1 on ! des]t1 rema9s a di/ant horizon4 ,! road climbs ,lake ,bonneville's s\!rn %ore1 &1 at ,c$> ,city1 rea*es ! glorifi$ s&/ones4 ,f ,c$> ,city to ! canyon "o sweeps ?r\gh ,mormon settlem5ts f\nd$ m ?an sixty ye>s ago1 a region ( /ream-wat]$ valleys kn[n ( old z ,dixie4 ,! road is "p ( ! ,arr[head ,trail1 once 9 fact a hi/oric trail1 n[ a motor-highway betwe5 ,salt ,lake & ,los ,angeles4 ,! valleys bloom4 ,pomegranates1 figs1 pea*es1 apricots1 melons1 walnuts1 & almonds rea* a r>e p]fection4 ,cotton1 :i* ,brigham ,"y />t$ "h z an exp]im5t 9 #ahfa1 is /ill gr[n4 ,lu/y cottonwood-trees l9e ! banks ( ! little riv]s4 ,c$>s dot ! valleys & cov] ?ickly ! l[] hills4 ,& ev]y:]e1 on e side1 ! arid cliffs close 94 ,! ,p9k ,cliff has be5 left beh9d1 b ! ,v]milion ,cliff con/antly appe>s4 ,! ,:ite ,cliff ent]s & /ays4 ,long /ret*es ( road ov]lie "o & ano!r color$ /ratum2 pres5tly ! gr\nd is prevail+ly r$1 ) "h & !re rea*es ( mauve1 yell[1 gre51 & p9k4 ,c$> ,city proves to be a qua9t1 /raggl+ ,mormon village ) a t\* ( mod]n ent]prise2 s\? ( ,c$> ,city ! villages lack ! ent]prise4 ,! h\ses are ( a gray composition resembl+ adobe1 & _m ( !m are half a c5tury old & m4 ,dilapidat$ squ>e =ts1 rem9d]s ( pione] /ruggles ) ! ,indians1 are se5 "h & !re4 ,compact ,mormon *ur*es are 9 e settlem5t1 h[ev] small4 ,! m5 are be>d$1 coatless1 & we> baggy tr\s]s1 sugge/ive ( ,holl&4 ,bronz$ & delib]ate wom51 :o drive teams & "w ! fields ) ! m51 we> old-fa%ion$ sunbonnets4 ,_m ( ^! p h nev] se5 a railroad-tra94 ,newspap]s are sc>ce & long pa/ date4 ,"h ,mormonism ( ! old] fa%ion is a liv+ religion1 affect+ ! r\t9e ( daily life4 ,dixie is a l& ( pl5ty1 b x is a =eign l&4 ,x is rem9isc5t1 ) _m diff]5ces1 ( an ,alg]ian oasis4 ,! travell] is imm5sely int]e/$4 ,someh[ ^! /range primitive villages1 ^! simple1 e>ne/1 ,god-fe>+ p1 m]ge into unreality ) ! des]t1 ! sage-dott$ m\nta9s1 ! c$>-cov]$ slopes1 ! bloom+ valleys1 ! color$ s&s1 & ! vivid cliffs4 ,?r\gh ,bellevue1 ,toqu]ville1 ! ru9s ( ,virg9 ,city1 ,rockville1 & f9ally to ,spr+dale w9ds ! road4 ,meantime ! travell] has spe$$ s\? "u ! ,hurricane ,cliff1 :i* is ! ragg$ edge left :5 all ! l& we/ ( x sank two ?\s& feet dur+ "s geologic "t long pa/4 ,he rea*es ! ,virg9 ,riv] :]e x em]ges f ! great cliffs 9 ^: recesses x is born1 & :5ce x c>ries 9 its broad muddy surge ! products ( _! /eady dis9tegration4 ,f "h on1 sw++ ea/]ly up-/ream1 s5sation ha/5s to its climax4 ,"h ! ,hurricane ,cliff s5ds al(t an impressive butte pa9t$ 9 slant+ colors & capp$ ) black basalt4 ,f>!r on a rugg$ promontory /rip$ ) vivid t9ts pu%es out f ! s\!rn wall ne>ly to ! riv]'s br9k4 ,! cliffs on bo? sides ( ! riv] are c>v$ f ! /ratum :i* geologi/s call ! ,belt$ ,%ales4 ,gre5i%-grays1 br[ni%-yell[s1 _m %ades ( bright r$1 are prom95t2 x is h>d to "n a color or %ade :i* is n repres5t$ 9 its horizontal b&s4 ,! eye tires & ! m9d flags 9 _! pres5ce1 writes ,pr(essor ,willis ,t4 ,lee4 ,to try to realize 9 an h\r's "t ! beauty & v>iety ( detail "h pres5t$ is z useless z to try to grasp ! ?\ghts express$ 9 :ole r[s ( volumes by walk+ ?r\gh a libr>y4 ,f> up ! canyon :i* ,nor? ,creek pu%es ?r\gh ?is b&$ cliff1 two t[]+ cones ( gli/5+ :ite are well nam$ ,gu>dian ,angels--( ! /ream :i* ro>s betwe5 _! feet4 ,eagle ,crag1 :i* ,moran pa9t$1 looms into view4 ,on ! s\? appe>s ! maje/ic mass+ ( ne$le-po9t$ t[]s :i* ,p[ell nam$ ! ,p9nacles ( ! ,virg94 ,! spectacul> confuses ) its brilliant v>iations4 ,at ! conflu5ce ( ! ,virg9 ,riv] & its ,nor? ,=k1 kn[n ( old z ! ,p>unuweap & ! ,mukuntuweap1 ! road sweeps nor?w>d up ! ,mukuntuweap4 ,!re h be5 diff]+ reports ( ! mean+ ( ?is ^w1 :i* gave ! orig9al "n to ! national monum5t4 ,x has be5 popul>ly accept$ z mean+ ,l& ( ,god1 b ,john ,r4 ,wallis1 ( ,/4 ,george1 ,utah1 has trac$ x to its orig9al ,indian s\rce4 ,mukuntuweap1 he writes1 means ,l& ( ! ,spr+s1 & ,p>unuweap ,l& ( ! ,birds4 ,rea*+ ,spr+dale1 at ! base ( ! ,v]milion ,cliff1 ! travell] looks up-/ream to ! valley m\? ?r\gh :i* ! riv] em]ges f ! cliffs1 & a spectacle )\t p>allel meets 8 eye4 ,left ( ! gorge\s entrance rises ! unbelievable ,we/ ,temple ( ! ,virg91 &1 m]g+ ) x f beh9d1 loom ! l(ty ,t[]s ( ! ,virg94 ,opposite ^!1 & back f ! canyon's ea/]n br9k1 rises ! l(ti] & ev5 m maje/ic ,ea/ ,temple ( ! ,virg94 ,betwe5 !m he sees a p]spective ( r$ & :ite walls1 domes1 & p9nacles :i* ?rills him ) expectation4 ,& s1 fully prep>$ 9 m9d & _s1 aw$ & exultant1 he ent]s ,zion4 ,few natural objects :i* h be5 describ$ s seldom h provok$ su* extravagant praise z ! ,we/ ,temple4 ,x is se5 f a =egr\nd ( glid+ riv]1 cottonwood groves1 & talus slopes dott$ ) manzanita1 sage1 c$>s1 & bloom+ cactus4 ,f a /airway ( m+l$ yell[s1 r$s1 grays1 mauves1 purples1 & *ocolate br[n1 x spr+s abruptly f\r ?\s& feet4 ,its body is a brilliant r$4 ,its upp] ?ird is :ite4 ,x has ! mass & proportions1 ! dignity & gr&eur1 ( a ca!dral4 ,x is supremely difficult to realize t x 0 n design$1 s true to human conception are ! upright =m & mass ( its c5tral /ructure1 ! proportion+ & modell+ ( its ext5sive w+s & buttresses4 ,on top ( ! l(ty c5tral rectangle re/s1 above its gli/5+ :ite1 a l[ squ>$ cap ( deepe/ r$4 ,x is a temple 9 ! full z well z ! noble/ s5se ( ! ^w4 ,! ,ea/ ,temple1 :i* rises directly opposite & two miles back f ! rim1 is a fitt+ companion4 ,x is a ?\s& feet high]4 ,its c5tral /ructure is a /eep truncat$ cone capp$ l ! ,we/ ,temple4 ,its w+s are sep>at$ half-way d[n1 "o an elongat$ pyramid & ! o!r a true cone1 bo? ( magnific5t size & bulk b truly proportion$ to ! c5tral mass4 ,phrase does n convey ! sugge/ion ( ar*itectural calculation 9 bo? ( ^! /up5d\s monum5ts4 ,"o c easily believe t ! ,mormon prophet 9 nam+ !m saw !m ! design$ creations ( a p]sonal deity4 ,a m def9ite conception ( ,nature's gigantic processes foll[s ^u realization t ^! l(ty /ructures once jo9$ across ! canyon1 /ratum = /ratum1 color = color4 ,! rock t jo9$ !m1 dis9tegrat$ by ! fro/s & ra9s1 has pass$ d[n ! muddy curr5t ( ! ,virg91 d[n ! surg+ tide ( ! ,colorado1 ?r\gh ! ,gr& ,canyon1 & into ! ,pacific4 ,"s "p ( ^! s&s d\btless help$ to build ! p59sula ( ,l[] ,cali=nia4 ,pass+ ! gates ! travell] /&s 9 a tr5* ( ne>ly p]p5dicul> sides m ?an half a mile deep1 half a mile wide at ! bottom1 a mile wide f cre/ to cre/4 ,! proportions & measurem5ts sugge/ ,yosemite1 b !re is little else 9 common4 ,^! walls blaze ) color4 ,on ! we/ ! ,/reak$ ,wall1 c>v$ f ! ,:ite ,cliff1 is /a9$ ) ! drip f ! r$ & drab & *ocolate %ales & lime/ones n yet :olly wa%$ f its top4 ,x is a vivid ?+1 wond]fully erod$4 ,opposite is ! ,br[n ,wall1 ri* 9 hue1 support+ ?ree /up5d\s /ructures ( gorge\s color1 two ( :i* are kn[n z ! ,m\nta9 ( ! ,sun & ! ,wat*man4 ,toge!r !y are ! ,s5t9els4 ,pass+ ^! across a plaza app>5tly broad5$ = _! bett] pres5tation rise on ! we/ ! ,?ree ,patri>*s1 ,yosemite-l 9 =m1 height1 & bulk1 b n 9 p]sonality or color4 ,! brilliance ( ?is wond]-spot passes description4 ,"h ! canyon contracts1 & we come to ! com=table hotel-camp1 t]m9al ( ! automobile j\rney4 ,x is on ! riv] side 9 a %ady alcove ( ! ea/ wall ne> a spr+4 ,"h horses may be _h = exploration4 ,a mile above ! camp /&s "o ( ! mo/ rem>kable monoli?s ( ! region4 ,el ,gob]nador is a colossal truncat$ dome1 r$ bel[ & :ite above4 ,! :ite cr[n is heavily m>k$ 9 two directions1 sugge/+ ! web & wo( ( drap]y4 ,directly opposite1 a less] monoli?1 nev]!less gigantic1 is sugge/ively if s5tim5tally call$ ,angel's ,l&+4 ,a natural bridge :i* is /ill 9 ,nature's work%op is "o ( ! int]e/+ spectacles ( ?is vic9ity4 ,its spl5did ar* is fully =m$1 b ! wall aga9/ :i* x re/s its full l5g? rema9s1 brok5 ?r\gh 9 "o spot only4 ,h[ _m ?\s&s or hundr$s ( ?\s&s ( ye>s w be requir$ to wipe away ! wall & leave ! bridge complete is = ^? to guess :o w4 ,illu/ration3 ,f a photograph by ,d\glas ,:ite ,,el ,,gob]nador1 ,,zion ,,national ,,monum5t ,?ree ?\s& feet high2 ! l[] two ?\s& feet is a brilliant r$1 ! upp] ?\s& feet is :ite ,"h also is ! valley end ( a wire cable :i* passes upw>d tw5ty-five hundr$ feet to cross a break 9 ! wall to a =e/ on ! mesa's top4 ,lumb] is ,dixie's mo/ h>dly furni%$ ne$4 ,= ye>s sawn timb]s h be5 cabl$ d[n into ! valley & c>t$ to ! villages ( ! ,virg9 ,riv]4 ,9 "s respects ! mo/ fasc9at+ "p ( ,little ,zion is /ill beyond4 ,a mile above ,el ,gob]nador ! riv] sw+s %>ply we/ & d\bles on itself4 ,raspb]ry ,b5d is f> nobl] ?an its "n implies1 & ! ,great ,organ :i* ! riv] "h encircles exacts no imag9ative ef=t4 ,beyond ?is ! canyon n>r[s rapidly4 ,! road has long s9ce /opp$1 & soon ! trail /ops4 ,pres5tly ! riv]1 n[ a %runk5 /ream1 conceal+ occasional quicks&s1 (f]s ! only foot+4 ,! walls are no less l(ty1 no less ri*ly color$1 & ! we>y travell] works 8 difficult way =w>d4 ,!re w come a "t if he p]si/s :5 he may /& at ! bottom ( a *asm m ?an two ?\s& feet deep &1 ne>ly t\*+ ! walls on ei!r side1 look up & see no sky4 ,at ! wat]'s edge ! walls are p]p5dicul>1 writes ,doctor ,g4,k4 ,gilb]t1 ( ! ,u4,s4 ,geological ,survey1 :o fir/ describ$ x1 b 9 ! deep] p>ts !y op5 out t[>d ! top4 ,z we ent]$ & f\nd our outlook ( sky contract$--z we _h nev] be=e se5 x betwe5 canyon cliffs--,i measur$ ! ap]ture above1 & f\nd x ?irty-five degrees4 ,we _h ?\ght ?is a m9imum1 b soon discov]$ our error4 ,ne>] & ne>] ! walls approa*$1 & our /rip ( blue n>r[$ d[n to tw5ty degrees1 !n t51 & at la/ 0 ev5 int]cept$ by ! ov]hang+ rocks4 ,!re 01 p]haps1 no po9t f :i*1 nei!r =w>d nor backw>d1 c\ld we discov] a pat* ( sky1 b _m times our upw>d view 0 completely cut (f by ! int]lock+ ( ! walls1 :i*1 rema9+ ne>ly p>allel to ea* o!r1 w>p$ 9 & out z !y asc5d$4 ,"h he surprises ! secret ( ! mak+ ( ,zion4 ,z a monum5t ( d5udation1 ?is *asm is an example ( d[nw>d erosion by s&-be>+ wat]4 ,! pr9ciple on :i* ! cutt+ dep5ds is almo/ id5tical ) t ( ! m>ble saw1 b ! s& gra9s1 in/ead ( be+ emb$d$ 9 rigid iron1 are c>ri$ by a flexible /ream ( wat]4 ,by gravity !y h be5 held aga9/ ! bottom ( ! cut1 s t !y %\ld make x v]tical1 b ! curr5t has c>ri$ !m1 9 places1 aga9/ "o side or ! o!r1 & s f> modifi$ ! influ5ce ( gravity t ! cut undulates some:at 9 its v]tical section1 z well z 9 its horizontal4 ,illu/ration3 ,f a photograph by ! ,u4,s4 ,geological ,survey ,,zion ,,canyon ,,f ,,! ,,rim ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,?ree ,,patri>*s1 ,,zion ,,canyon ,^! r$-&-:ite /ructures rise m ?an two ?\s& feet above ! canyon floor ,?is1 !n1 is h[ ,nature began1 on ! orig9al surface ( ! plateau1 p]haps ) ! output ( a spr+ %[]1 to dig ?is :ole mighty spectacle = our enjoym5t to-day4 ,we may g fur!r4 ,we may imag9e ! beg9n+ ( ! titanic process t dug ! millions ( millions ( *asms1 big & little1 contribut+ to ! mighty ,colorado1 t dug ! ,gr& ,canyon itself1 t r$uc$ to ! glorifi$ ?+ x n[ is ! enorm\s plateau ( our great s\?we/1 :i* w\ld h be5 _m ?\s&s ( feet high] ?an ! highe/ p9nacle ( ,little ,zion _h n erosion m ?an c\nt]act$ ! uplift+ ( ! plateau4 ,little else ne$ be said to complete ?is picture4 ,! ra9s & melt+ sn[s ( e>ly spr+ produce mesa-top torr5ts :i* p\r into ! valley & ha/5 = a p]iod ! processes ( decorat+ ! walls & levell+ ! plateau4 ,s x happ5s t wat]falls ( p[] & beauty !n enri* ?is wondr\s spectacle4 ,b ?is add$ beauty is n = ! t\ri/1 :o may come 9 com=t only aft] its disappe>ance4 ,b spr+s are _m4 ,trickl+ f v>i\s levels 9 ! walls1 !y develop new tribut>y gorges4 ,gu%+ f ! f\ndations1 !y create alcoves & grottos :i* are 9 %>p contra/ ) _! des]t environm5t1 enri*+ by dampness ! colors ( ! s&/one & decorat+ ^! refre%m5t-places ) trail+ f]ns & fl[]+ gr[?s4 ,9 ^! we see ! orig9 ( ! ,indian "n1 ,mukuntuweap1 ,l& ( ! ,spr+s4 ,! ,indians1 h[ev]1 always /ood 9 awe ( ,little ,zion4 ,!y ent]$ x1 b fe>$ ! night4 ,9 #aiah ,presid5t ,wilson *ang$ ! "n f ,mukuntuweap to ,zion4 ,at ! same "t he greatly enl>g$ ! res]vation4 ,zion ,national ,monum5t n[ includes a l>ge area ( great & v>i$ des]t magnific5ce1 includ+ ! s\rces & canyons ( two o!r /reams besides ,mukuntuweap4 ,,xviii ,,hi/oric ,,monum5ts ,,( ,,! ,,s\?we/ ,elev5 national monum5ts 9 ! ,/ates ( ,arizona1 ,new ,mexico1 & ,colorado illu/rate ! hi/ory ( our s\?we/ f ! times :5 prehi/oric man dwelt 9 caves holl[$ 9 des]t precipices d[n ?r\gh ! ,spani% fa!rs' c5turies ( self-sacrifice & ! ,spani% explor]s' romantic se>* = ! ,quivira & ! ,sev5 ,cities ( ,cibola4 ,! mo/ /rik+ feature ( ! absorb+ /ory ( ! ,spani% occupation is its tw(old inspiration4 ,h& 9 h& ! prie/ & ! soldi] boldly invad$ ! des]t4 ,! passion ( ! prie/ 0 ! sav+ ( s\ls1 & ! motive ( ! soldi] 0 ! gre$ ( gold4 ,! prie/ deprecat$ ! soldi]2 ! soldi] despis$ ! prie/4 ,ea* us$ ! o!r = ! realization ( 8 own purposes4 ,! zeal\s prie/1 impos+ 8 religion ^u ! %r9k+ ,indian1 did n hesitate to invoke ! soldi]'s aid = s holy a purpose2 ! soldi] us$ ! g5tle prie/ to cloak ! gre$y bus9ess ( wr++ weal? f ! frugal native4 ,toge!r1 !y ha/5$ civilization4 ,glanc+ = a mom5t /ill fur!r back1 ! rapaci\s hordes already _h gutt$ ! ri* /ores ( ,c5tral ,am]ica & ! nor!rn regions ( ,s\? ,am]ica4 ,! ru% ( ! lu/ful conqu]or 0 a/oni%+ly swift4 ,columbus himself 0 z eag] = gold z he 0 zeal\s = religion4 ,f ! discov]y ( ,am]ica sc>cely tw5ty ye>s elaps$ be=e ,spani% armies 7 viol5tly plund]+ ! ,c>ibbean ,isl&s1 ru?lessly subjugat+ ,mexico1 ov]runn+ ,v5ezuela1 & eag]ly seek+ tid+s ( ! reput$ weal? ( ,p]u4 ,! air 0 sup]*>g$ ) reports ( treasure1 & no reports 7 too wild = belief2 my?s1 big & little1 ran amuck4 ,el ,dorado1 ! gild$ man ( rumor1 became ! dream1 !n ! belief1 ( ! times2 pres5tly a :ole nation 0 conceiv$ clo!d 9 du/$ gold4 ,! my? ( ! ,sev5 ,cities ( ,cibola1 ea* a city ( va/ treasure1 ! gr[? ( ye>s ( rumor1 seems to h p]fect$ itself back home 9 ,spa94 ,! twice-born my? ( ,quivira1 city ( gold1 :i* co/ ?\s&s ( lives & hundr$s ( ?\s&s ( ,spani% ducats1 lives ev5 to-day 9 remote neighborhoods ( ! s\?we/4 ,piz>ro conqu]$ ,p]u 9 #aebf2 by #aece1 ) ! s\? loot$1 ,spani% eyes look$ long+ly nor?w>d4 ,9 #aeci ,fray ,m>cos1 a ,franciscan1 made a reconnaissance f ! ,spani% settlem5ts ( ,sonora into ,arizona ) ! p>ticul> purpose ( locat+ ! sev5 cities4 ,! foll[+ ye> ,coronado1 at 8 own exp5se1 made ! mo/ romantic exploration 9 human hi/ory4 ,spani% expectation may be measur$ by ! co/ ( ?is & its accompany+ exp$ition by sea to ! ,gulf ( ,cali=nia1 ! comb9$ equipm5t totall+ a qu>t] million doll>s ( ,am]ican money ( to-day4 ,coronado took two hundr$ & sixty horsem51 sixty foot-soldi]s1 & m ?an a ?\s& ,indians4 ,besides 8 pack-animals he l$ a ?\s& sp>e horses to c>ry home ! loot4 ,he s\ght ! sev5 cities 9 ,arizona & ,new ,mexico1 & f\nd ! pueblo ( ,zuni1 prosp]\s b lack+ its expect$ ho>d ( gold2 he cross$ ,colorado 9 se>* ( ,quivira & f\nd x 9 ,kansas1 a wret*$ habitation ( a %iftless tribe2 _! h\ses /raw1 he report$1 _! clo!s ! hides ( c[s1 mean+ bison4 ,he ent]$ ,nebraska 9 se>* ( ! broad riv] ^: %ores 7 l9$ ) gold--! id5tical ye>1 curi\sly1 9 :i* ,de ,soto discov]$ ! ,mississippi4 ,_m 7 ! pueblos he visit$ & _m 8 adv5tures & p]ils2 b ! only treasure he br\ght back 0 8 record ( exploration4 ,?is 0 ! fir/ ( m ?an two c5turies ( ,spani% exp$itions4 ,fifty ye>s aft] ,coronado1 ! my? ( ,quivira 0 born aga92 !reaft] x w&]$ homeless1 ! inspiration ( con/ant se>*1 & f9ally settl$ 9 ! ru9s ( ! anci5t pueblo ( ,tabira1 or1 z ,b&eli] has x1 ,teypana1 ,new ,mexico2 ! my? ( ! sev5 cities nev] :olly p]i%$4 ,x is n my purpose to foll[ ! fasc9at+ =tunes ( ,spani% proselyt+ & conque/4 ,i m]ely set ! /age = ! tableaux ( ! national monum5ts4 ,i ,! ,spani>ds f\nd our semi>id s\?we/ dott$ ?9ly ) ! pueblos & its canyons hung ) ! cliff-dwell+s ( a l>ge & fairly prosp]\s population ( peace-lov+ ,indians1 :o hunt$ ! de] & ! antelope1 fi%$ ! riv]s1 & dry-f>m$ ! mesas & valleys4 ,n s advanc$ 9 ! arts ( civilization z ! p ( ! ,mesa ,v]de1 9 ,colorado1 nev]!less _! s5se ( =m 0 pat5t 9 _! ar*itecture1 & _! family life1 gov]nm5t1 & religion 7 highly organiz$4 ,!y 7 wor%ipp]s ( ! sun4 ,ea* pueblo & outly+ village 0 a political unit4 ,let u fir/ consid] ^? national monum5ts :i* t\* intimately ! ,spani% occupation4 ,,gran ,,quivira ,,national ,,monum5t ,eighty miles s\!a/ ( ,albuqu]que1 9 ! holl[ ( t[]+ des]t ranges1 lies ! arid c\ntry :i* ,indian tradition calls ! ,accurs$ ,lakes4 ,"h1 at ! po9ts ( a l>ge triangle1 sprawl ! ru9s ( ?ree once fl\ri%+ pueblo cities1 ,abo1 ,cu>ay1 & ,tabira4 ,once1 says tradition1 /reams fl[$ into lakes inhabit$ by great fi%1 & ! valleys bloom$2 x 0 an unfai?ful wife :o br\ght d[n ! curse ( ,god4 ,:5 ! ,spani>ds came ^! cities 7 at ! flood-tide ( prosp]ity4 ,_! comb9$ population 0 l>ge4 ,tabira 0 *os5 z ! site ( ! mission ^: prie/s %\ld trudge ! long des]t trails & m9i/] to all4 ,und\bt$ly1 x 0 "o ( ! mo/ important ( ! e>ly ,spani% missions4 ,! great] ( ! two *ur*es 0 built ( lime/one1 its out] walls six feet ?ick4 ,x 0 a hundr$ & =ty feet long & =ty-eight feet wide4 ,! pres5t height ( ! walls is tw5ty-five feet4 ,! anci5t community build+ adjo9+ ! *ur*1 ! ma9 pueblo ( ,tabira1 has ! outl9es :i* are common to ! prehi/oric pueblos ( ! entire s\?we/ & p]si/ 9 g5]al features 9 mod]n ,indian ar*itecture4 ,! rooms are twelve to fifte5 feet squ>e1 ) ceil+s eight or t5 feet high4 ,doors connect ! rooms1 & ! /ories1 ( :i* !re are ?ree1 are connect$ by ladd]s ?r\gh trapdoors4 ,x probably held a population ( fifte5 hundr$4 ,! pueblo has well /ood ! rack ( "t2 ! less] build+s outside x h be5 r$uc$ to m\nds4 ,! p :o built & inhabit$ ^! cities ( ! ,accurs$ ,lakes 7 ( ! n[ ext9ct ,piro /ock4 ,! t[ns 7 discov]$ 9 #aeha by ,francisco ,ban*ez de ,*amuscado4 ,! fir/ prie/ assign$ to ! field 0 ,fray ,francisco de ,san ,miguel1 ?is 9 #aeih4 ,! mission ( ,tabira 0 f\nd$ by ,francisco de ,acev$o ab\t #afbh4 ,! small] *ur* 0 built !n2 ! great *ur* 0 built 9 #afdd1 b 0 nev] fully f9i%$4 ,betwe5 #afgj & #afge all ?ree native cities & _! ,spani% *ur*es 7 wip$ out by ,apa*es4 ,*>les ,f4 ,lummis1 f :om "s ( ^! hi/orical facts are quot$1 has be5 at great pa9s to trace ! w&]+s ( ! ,quivira my?4 ,b&eli] m5tions an anci5t ,new ,mexican ,indian call$ ,tio ,juan ,l>go1 :o told a ,spani% explor] ab\t ! middle ( ! eighte5? c5tury t ,quivira 0 ,tabira4 ,o!rwise hi/ory is sil5t conc]n+ ! process by :i* ! my? f9ally settl$ ^u t hi/oric city1 f> inde$ f its au!ntic home 9 :at n[ is ,kansas4 ,! fact /&s1 h[ev]1 t z late z ! latt] half ( ! eighte5? c5tury ! "n ,tabira appe>$ on ! (ficial map ( ,new ,mexico4 ,:5 & h[ ?is "n 0 lo/ & ! fam\s ru9$ city ) its ,spani% *ur*es accept$ z ,gran ,quivira p]haps nev] w be def9itely kn[n4 ,mid-ocean is n m lonesome ?an ! pla9s1 nor night s gloomy z t dumb sunlight1 wrote ,lummis 9 #ahic1 approa*+ ! ,gran ,quivira across ! des]t4 ,! br[n grass is knee-deep1 & ev5 ?is %ock gives a surprise 9 ?is ho(-oblit]at$ l&4 ,! b&s ( antelope t drift1 l cl\d %ad[s1 across ! dun l&scape sugge/ less ( life ?an ( ! sup]natural4 ,! spell ( ! pla9s is a wondr\s ?+4 ,at fir/ x fasc9ates4 ,!n x bewild]s4 ,at la/ x cru%es4 ,x is intangible b resi/less2 /rong] ?an hope1 reason1 w--/rong] ?an humanity4 ,:5 "o _c o!rwise escape ! pla9s1 "o takes refuge 9 madness4 ,?is is ! sett+ ( ! gho/ city ( a%5 hues1 t wrai? 9 pallid /one1 ! ,gran ,quivira4 ,,el ,,morro ,,national ,,monum5t ,due we/ f ,albuqu]que1 ,new ,mexico1 n f> f ! ,arizona b\nd>y1 ,el ,morro ,national ,monum5t cons]ves a mesa end ( /rik+ beauty ^u ^: cliffs are grav5 _m inscriptions cut 9 pass+ by ! ,spani% & ,am]ican explor]s ( m ?an two c5turies4 ,x is a hi/orical record ( unique value1 ! only extant memor&a ( sev]al exp$itions1 an invaluable detail 9 ! hi/ory ( _m4 ,x has help$ trace obscure c\rses & has e/abli%$ important dep>tures4 ,to ! t\ri/ x br+s home1 z no?+ else c1 ! realization ( ^! grim romances ( o!r days4 ,el ,morro1 ! ca/le1 is also call$ ,inscription ,rock4 ,we/ ( its /eepl$ front1 9 ! angle ( a %>p b5d 9 ! mesa1 is a l>ge p>tly enclos$ natural *amb]1 a refuge 9 /orm4 ,a spr+ "h betrays ! reason = ,el ,morro's popul>ity among ! explor]s ( a semides]t region4 ,! old ,zuni trail b5t f its c\rse to t\* ?is spr+4 ,inscriptions are also f\nd ne> ! spr+ & on ! out] side ( ! mesa fac+ ! ,zuni ,road4 ,= ^? acqua9t$ ) ! /ory ( ,spani% exploration ?is national monum5t w h unique int]e/4 ,to all x imp>ts a fasc9at+ s5se ( ! romance ( ^? e>ly days ) :i* ! l>ge body ( ,am]icans h yet to become famili>4 ,! popul> /ory ( ?is romantic p]iod ( ,am]ican hi/ory1 its poetry & its fiction rema9 to be writt54 ,! olde/ inscription is dat$ ,febru>y #ah1 #aebf4 ,! "n ( ,juan de ,onate1 lat] f\nd] ( ,santa ,fe1 is !re "u date ( #afjf1 ! ye> ( 8 visit to ! m\? ( ! ,colorado ,riv]4 ,"o ( ! late/ ,spani% inscriptions is t ( ,don ,diego de ,v>gas1 :o 9 #afib reconqu]$ ! ,indians :o rebell$ aga9/ ,spani% au?ority 9 #afhj4 ,! res]vation also includes sev]al important community h\ses ( great antiquity1 "o ( :i* p]*es safely ^u ! v top ( ,el ,morro rock4 ,,casa ,,gr&e ,,national ,,monum5t ,9 ! f> s\? ( ,arizona n _m miles nor? ( ! b\nd>y ( ,sonora1 !re /&s1 ne> ! ,gila ,riv]1 ! noble ru9 :i* ! ,spani>ds call ,casa ,gr&e1 or ,great ,h\se4 ,x 0 a build+ ( l>ge size situat$ 9 a comp\nd ( outly+ build+s enclos$ 9 a rectangul> wall2 no less ?an ?ree o!r simil> comp\nds & f\r deta*$ clan h\ses once /ood 9 ! ne> neighborhood4 ,evid5tly1 9 prehi/oric days1 ?is 0 an important c5tre ( population2 rema9s ( an irrigation sy/em are /ill visible4 ,illu/ration3 ,,casa ,,gr&e ,,national ,,monum5t ,illu/ration3 ,,prehi/oric ,,cave ,,homes ,,9 ,,! ,,b&eli] ,,national ,,monum5t ,! holes worn by erosion h be5 enl>g$ = doors & w9d[s ,! build]s ( ^! prosp]\s communal dwell+s 7 probably ,pima ,indians4 ,! ,indians liv+ 9 ! neighborhood to-day h traditions indicat$ by _! own names = ! ,casa ,gr&e1 ! ,old ,h\se ( ! ,*ief & ! ,old ,h\se ( ,*ief ,morn+ ,gre54 ,! ,pima ^w = gre5 & blue is ! same1 ,doctor ,fewkes writes me4 ,russell translates ! old *ief's "n ,morn+ ,blue1 :i* is ! same z my ,morn+ ,gre54 ,i h no d\bt ,morn+ ,gl[ is also correct1 no d\bt ne>] ! ,indian idea :i* ref]s to sun-god4 ,?is *ief 0 ! son ( ! ,sun by a maid1 z 0 also ,tcuhu-,montezuma1 a sun-god :o1 leg5ds say1 built ,casa ,gr&e4 ,:atev] its orig91 ! community 0 already 9 ru9s :5 ! ,spani>ds fir/ f\nd x4 ,k9o id5tifi$ x z ! ru9 :i* ,fray ,m>cos saw 9 #aeci & call$ ,*i*ilticalli1 & :i* ,coronado pass$ 9 #aedj4 ,! e>ly ,spani% hi/orians believ$ x an ance/ral settlem5t ( ! ,aztecs4 ,its =mal discov]y foll[$ a c5tury & a half lat]4 ,dom+o ,jironza ,petriz de ,cruzate1 gov]nor ( ,sonora1 _h direct$ 8 nephew1 ,lieut5ant ,juan ,mateo ,mange1 to conduct a gr\p ( mission>ies into ! des]t1 :]e ,mange he>d rumors f ! natives ( a f9e gr\p ( ru9s on ! banks ( a riv] :i* fl[$ we/4 ,he report$ ?is to ,fa!r ,eusebio ,francisco ,k9o1 ! fe>less & fam\s ,jesuit mission>y among ! ,indians f #afhg to #agaa2 9 ,novemb]1 #afid1 ,k9o se>*$ = ! ru9s1 f\nd !m1 & said mass )9 ! walls ( ! ,casa ,gr&e4 ,?is spl5did ru9 is built ( a natural concrete call$ cule*e4 ,! ext]nal walls are r\gh1 b are smoo?ly pla/]$ )91 %[+ ! m>ks ( human h&s4 ,two pairs ( small holes 9 ! walls opposite o!rs 9 ! c5tral room h occasion$ mu* speculation4 ,two look ea/ & we/2 ! o!rs1 also on opposite walls1 look nor? & s\?4 ,"s p]sons conjecture t obs]vations 7 made ?r\gh !m ( ! sol/ices1 & p]haps ( "s />1 to e/abli% ! seasons = ^! primitive p4 ,! f\ndation = ?is unw>rant$ hypo!sis1 ,doctor ,fewkes writes1 is probably a /atem5t 9 a manuscript by ,fa!r ,font 9 #agge1 t ! ',pr9ce1' '*ief' ( ,casa ,gr&e1 look$ ?r\gh op5+s 9 ! ea/ & we/ walls 'on ! sun z x rose & set1 to salute x4' ,! op5+s %\ld n be confus$ ) small] holes made 9 ! walls = plac+ iron rods to support ! walls by contractors :5 ! ru9 0 repair$4 ,,tumacacori ,,national ,,monum5t ,"o ( ! be/-pres]v$ ru9s ( "o ( ! f9e/ missions :i* ,spani% prie/s e/abli%$ 9 ! des]t ( ! extreme s\? ( ,arizona is protect$ "u ! "n ( ! ,tumacacori ,national ,monum5t4 ,x is fifty-sev5 miles s\? ( ,tucson1 ne> ! ,mexican bord]4 ,! outly+ c\ntry probably possess$ a l>ge native population4 ,! ru9s are mo/ impressive1 consi/+ ( ! walls & t[] ( an old *ur* build+1 ! walls ( a mortu>y *apel at ! nor? end ( ! *ur*1 & a surr\nd+ c\rt ) adobe walls six feet high4 ,^!1 l all ! ,spani% missions1 7 built by ,indian conv]ts "u ! direction ( prie/s1 = ! ,spani% invad]s p]=m$ no manual labor4 ,! walls ( ! *ur* are six feet ?ick & pla/]$ )94 ,! belfry & ! alt>-dome are ( burn$ brick1 ! only example ( brick con/ruction among ! e>ly ,spani% missions4 ,!re is a f9e ar*$ doorway4 ,illu/ration3 ,,tumacacori ,,mission ,illu/ration3 ,f a photograph by ,t4,h4 ,bate ,,montezuma ,,ca/le ,= _m reasons1 ?is spl5did *ur* is well wor? a visit4 ,x 0 f\nd$ & built ab\t #afhh by ,fa!r ,eusebio ,francisco ,k9o1 & 0 kn[n z ! ,mission ,san ,cayetano de ,tumacacori4 ,ab\t #agfi ! ,franciscans assum$ *>ge1 & repair$ & elaborat$ ! /ructure4 ,!y ma9ta9$ x = ab\t sixty ye>s1 until ! ,apa*e ,indians laid siege & f9ally captur$ x1 driv+ out ! prie/s & disp]s+ ! ,papagos4 ,ab\t #ahej x 0 f\nd by ,am]icans 9 its pres5t condition4 ,,navajo ,,national ,,monum5t ,! b\nd>y-l9e :i* divides ,utah f ,arizona divides ! mo/ gorge\s expression ( ! great ,am]ican des]t region4 ,f ! ,mesa ,v]de ,national ,p>k on ! ea/ to ,zion ,national ,monum5t on ! we/1 f ! ,natural ,bridges on ! nor? to ! ,gr& ,canyon & ! ,pa9t$ ,des]t on ! s\?1 ! c\ntry gl[s ) gold5 s&s & crimson mesas1 a wild]ness ( amaz+ & impossible cont\rs & indescribable *>m4 ,)9 ?is region1 9 ! extreme nor? ( ,arizona1 lie ! ru9s ( ?ree neighbor+ pueblos4 ,ri*>d ,we!rill1 :o 0 "o ( ! discov]]s ( ! fam\s cliff-cities ( ! ,mesa ,v]de1 0 "o ( ! p>ty :i* f\nd ! ,kit ,siel 7,brok5 ,pott]y7 ru9 9 #ahid )9 a long cresc5t-%ap$ cave 9 ! side ( a gl[+ r$ s&/one cliff2 9 #aijh1 ^u in=mation giv5 by a ,navajo ,indian1 ,john ,we!rill1 ,pr(essor ,byron ,cumm+1 & ,neil ,judd locat$ ,betatak9 7,hillside ,h\se7 ru9 )9 a cresc5t-%ap$ cavity 9 ! side ( a small r$ canyon4 ,tw5ty miles we/ ( ,betatak9 is a small ru9 kn[n z ,inscription ,h\se ^u ^: walls is a c>v$ inscription suppos$ to h be5 made by ,spani% explor]s :o visit$ !m 9 #affa4 ,:ile ^! ru9s %[ no features mat]ially diff]+ f ^? ( hundr$s ( o!r m accessible pueblo ru9s1 !y possess q extraord9>y beauty because ( _! romantic location 9 cliffs ( /rik+ color 9 a region ( my/]i\s *>m4 ,,ii ,b ! ,indian civilization ( our s\?we/ began v _m c5turies be=e ! arrival ( ! ,spani>d1 :o f\nd1 besides ! innum]able pueblos :i* 7 cr[d$ ) busy occupants1 hundr$s ( pueblos :i* _h be5 des]t$ by _! build]s1 "s ( !m = c5turies1 & :i* lay ev5 !n 9 ru9s4 ,! des]tion ( s _m pueblos ) abundant pott]y & o!r evid5ces ( active liv+ is "o ( ! my/]ies ( ?is prehi/oric civilization4 ,no d\bt1 ) ! failure ( wat]-supplies & o!r *ang+ physical conditions1 occasionally communities s\ght bett] liv+ 9 o!r localities1 b x is c]ta9 t _m ( ^! des]tions result$ f ! raids ( ! w&]+ pr$atory tribes ( ! pla9s1 ! ,qu]e*os ( ,b&eli]'s records1 b usually m5tion$ by him & o!rs by ! mod]n "n ( ,apa*es4 ,^! fi]ce b&s cont9ually s\ght to possess !mselves ( ! /ores ( food & clo?+ to be f\nd 9 ! prosp]\s pueblos4 ,! utmo/ cruelties ( ! ,spani% invad]s :o1 aft] all1 7 ru?less only 9 pursuit ( gold1 &1 :5 ?is 0 lack+1 tol]ant & ev5 k9dly 9 _! treatm5t ( ! natives1 7 no?+ comp>$ to ! atrocities ( ^! ,apa*e ,indians1 :o glori$ 9 conque/4 ,( ! ru9s ( pueblos :i* 7 n id5tifi$ ) ,spani% occupation1 six h be5 cons]v$ z national monum5ts4 ,,! ,,b&eli] ,,national ,,monum5t ,_m c5turies be=e ! com+ ( ! ,spani>ds1 a deep gorge on ! ea/]n slope ( ! ,si]ra de los ,valles1 eighte5 miles we/ ( ,santa ,fe1 ,new ,mexico1 0 ! home ( a p liv+ 9 caves :i* !y holl[$ by enl>g+ erosional op5+s 9 ! s(t volcanic sides ( ne>ly p]p5dicul> cliffs4 ,! "w 0 done ) pa9s & skill4 ,a small entrance1 sometimes f ! valley floor1 sometimes rea*$ by ladd]1 op5$ into a roomy ap>tm5t :i* 9 _m cases consi/$ ( sev]al connect+ rooms4 ,^! ap>tm5ts 7 set 9 ti]s or /ories1 z 9 a mod]n flat-h\se4 ,!re 7 (t5 two1 sometimes ?ree1 floors4 ,!y occurr$ 9 gr\ps1 probably repres5t+ families or clans1 & "s ( ^! gr\ps numb]$ hundr$s4 ,se5 to-day1 ! cliff-side sugge/s n s mu* ! mod]n ap>tm5t-h\se1 ( :i* x 0 9 a way ! prehi/oric prototype1 z a gigantic pigeon-h\se4 ,9 "t ^! ,indians em]g$ f ! cliff & built a great semi-circul> pueblo up ! valley1 surr\nd$ by small] habitations4 ,o!r pueblos1 probably /ill lat] 9 orig91 7 built ^u surr\nd+ mesas4 ,all ^! habitations 7 ab&on$ p]haps c5turies be=e ! com+ ( ! ,spani>ds4 ,! gorge is kn[n z ! ,rito de la ,frijoles1 :i* is ! ,spani% "n ( ! cle> m\nta9-/ream :i* fl[s ?r\gh x4 ,s9ce #aiaf x has be5 kn[n z ! ,b&eli] ,national ,monum5t1 aft] ! late ,adolf ,francis ,b&eli]1 ! di/+ui%$ ar*aeologi/ ( ! s\?we/4 ,! valley is a place ( beauty4 ,x is six miles long & n[h]e broad] ?an half a mile2 its entrance sc>cely admits two p]sons abrea/4 ,its s\!rn wall is ! slope ( a tumbl$ mesa1 its nor!rn wall ! v]tical cliff ( :ite & yell[i% pumice 9 :i* ! caves 7 dug4 ,! walls rise 9 crags & p9nacles _m hundr$s ( feet4 ,will[s1 cottonwoods1 *]ries1 & eld]s gr[ 9 ?ickets along ! /ream-side1 & cactus decorates ! wa/es4 ,x is rea*$ by automobile f ,santa ,fe4 ,?is national monum5t lies )9 a l>ge irregul> area :i* has be5 sugge/$ = a national p>k because ( ! _m int]e/+ rema9s :i* x encloses4 ,! ,cliff ,cities ,national ,p>k1 :5 x f9ally comes into exi/5ce1 w include among its exhibits a consid]able gr\p ( prehi/oric %r9es ( great value & unusual popul> int]e/4 ,! ,indians ( to-day1 writes ,william ,boone ,d\glass1 gu>d ) great t5acity ! secrets ( _! %r9es4 ,ev5 :5 ! locations h be5 f\nd !y w d5y _! exi/5ce1 plead ignorance ( _! mean+1 or refuse to discuss ! subject 9 any =m4 ,nev]!less1 !y claim direct desc5t f ! prehi/oric %r9e-build]s1 _m ( ^: %r9es are "h f\nd among o!rs ( lat] orig94 ,,*aco ,,canyon ,,national ,,monum5t ,= f\rte5 miles1 bo? sides ( a ,new ,mexican canyon sixty-five miles equidi/ant f ,f>m+ton & ,gallup are l9$ ) ! ru9s ( v l>ge & prosp]\s colonies ( prehi/oric p4 ,mo/ ( ! build+s 7 pueblos1 _m ( !m conta9+ betwe5 fifty & a hundr$ rooms2 "o1 kn[n to-day z ,pueblo ,bonito1 mu/ h conta9$ twelve hundr$ rooms4 ,^! ru9s lie 9 _! orig9al desolation2 little excavation1 & no re/oration has yet be5 done4 ,*aco ,canyon mu/ h be5 ! c5tre ( a v l>ge population4 ,= miles 9 all directions1 p>ticul>ly we/w>d1 pueblos are gr\p$ z suburbs gr\p ne> cities ( to-day4 ,x is n surpris+ t s popul\s a des]t neighborhood requir$ ext5sive sy/ems ( irrigation4 ,"o ( ^! is s well pres]v$ t little m ?an ! repair ( a dam w\ld be necess>y to make x aga9 effective4 ,,montezuma ,,ca/le ,,national ,,monum5t ,small ?\gh x is1 ,montezuma ,ca/le is ju/ly "o ( ! mo/ celebrat$ prehi/oric ru9s 9 ,am]ica4 ,its *>m+ proportions1 & p>ticul>ly its comm&+ position 9 ! face ( a l(ty precipice1 make x a spectacle nev] to be =gott54 ,x is fifty-f\r miles f ,prescott1 ,arizona4 ,?is /ructure 0 a communal h\se :i* orig9ally conta9$ tw5ty-five rooms4 ,! protection ( ! dry climate & ( ! %all[ cave 9 :i* x /&s has well pres]v$ x ^! _m c5turies4 ,mo/ ( ! rooms are 9 good condition4 ,! timb]s1 :i* pla9ly %[ ! hack+ ( ! dull primeval /one axes1 are among its mo/ int]e/+ exhibits4 ,! build+ is cresc5t-%ap$1 sixty feet 9 wid? & ab\t fifty feet high4 ,x is five /ories high1 b ! fif? /ory is invisible f ! front because ( ! high /one wall ( ! facade4 ,! cliff =ms ! back wall ( ! /ructure4 ,montezuma's ,ca/le is extremely old4 ,its mat]ial is s(t calc>e\s /one1 & no?+ b its %elt]$ position c\ld h pres]v$ x4 ,!re are _m ru9$ dwell+s 9 ! neighborhood4 ,,tonto ,,national ,,monum5t ,f\r miles ea/ ( ! ,roosevelt ,dam & eighty miles ea/ ( ,pho5ix1 ,arizona1 are two small gr\ps ( cliff-dwell+s :i* toge!r =m ! ,tonto ,national ,monum5t4 ,! s\!rn gr\p occupies a cliff cav]n a hundr$ & tw5ty-five feet across4 ,! masonry is above ! av]age4 ,! ceil+s ( ! l[] rooms are con/ruct$ ( logs laid l5g?wise1 ^u :i* a lay] ( fibre s]ves z ! f\ndation = ! f\r-in* adobe floor ( ! *amb] ov]head4 ,!re are hundr$s ( cliff-dwell+s :i* exce$ ?is 9 *>m & int]e/1 b its ne>ness to an attraction l ! ,roosevelt ,dam & glimpses ( x :i* ! travell] cat*es z he spe$s ov] ! ,apa*e ,trail make x invaluable z a t\ri/ exhibit4 ,?\s&s :o are unable to und]take ! long & (t5 ardu\s j\rneys by trail to ! great] ru9s1 c "h get def9ite ideas & a h9t ( ! real flavor ( prehi/oric civilization 9 ,am]ica4 ,,walnut ,,canyon ,,national ,,monum5t ,?irty cliff-dwell+s cl+ to ! sides ( picturesque ,walnut ,canyon1 eight miles f ,flag/aff1 ,arizona4 ,!y are excell5tly pres]v$4 ,! l>ge/ conta9s eight rooms4 ,! canyon possesses unusual beauty because ( ! ?ickets ( locu/ :i* fr+e ! trail d[n f ! rim4 ,"o climbs d[n ladd]s to occasional ru9s :i* o!rwise are inaccessible4 ,because ( its ne>ness to ,flag/aff sev]al ?\s& p]sons visit ?is res]vation ye>ly4 ,,gila ,,cliffs ,,national ,,monum5t ,fifty miles nor!a/ ( ,silv] ,city1 ,new ,mexico1 a deep r\gh canyon 9 ! we/ =k ( ! ,gila ,riv] conta9s a gr\p ( f\r cliff-dwell+s 9 a fair /ate ( pres]vation4 ,!y lie 9 cavities 9 ! base ( an ov]hang+ cliff ( grayi%-yell[ volcanic rock :i* at "o "t app>5tly 7 clos$ by protect+ walls4 ,:5 discov]$ by prospectors & hunt]s ab\t #ahgj1 _m s&als1 baskets1 spe>s1 & cook+ ut5sils 7 f\nd /rewn on ! floors4 ,corn-cobs are all t v&als h left4 ,,xix ,,des]t ,,spectacles ,! ,am]ican des]t1 to eyes attun$1 is *>g$ ) beauty4 ,few :o see x f ! c>-w9d[ f9d x attractive2 mo/ travell]s quickly lose int]e/ 9 its repetitions & turn back to _! novels4 ,a little intimacy *anges ?is attitude4 ,live a little ) ! des]t4 ,see x 9 its v>i$ moods--= e h\r x *anges2 see x at sunrise1 at midday1 at sunset1 9 ! gho/ly night1 by moonlight4 ,obs]ve its life--= x is full ( life2 its amaz+ vegetation2 its v>i$ outl9e4 ,dr9k 9 its atmosph]e1 its hi/ory1 its tradition1 its romance4 ,op5 y\r s\l to its p]suad+ _s4 ,!n1 ins5sibly b swiftly1 its flavor w en?rall y\r s5ses2 x w possess y4 ,& once possess$1 y are *>m$ = life4 ,x w call y aga9 & aga91 z ! sea calls ! sailor & ! ,ea/ its devotees4 ,?is allur+ region is repres5t$ 9 our national p>ks sy/em by res]vations :i* display its range4 ,! ,zion ,national ,monum5t1 ! ,gr& ,canyon1 & ! ,mesa ,v]de illu/rate widely diff]+ phases4 ,! hi/orical monum5ts convey a s5se ( its romance4 ,!re rema9 a few to complete ! gamut ( its *>ms4 ,,! ,,ra9b[ ,,bridge ,,national ,,monum5t ,imag9e a gray ,navajo des]t dott$ ) purple sage2 huge mesas1 deep r$1 squ>$ aga9/ ! gray-blue atmosph]e ( ! horizon2 p9nacles1 spires1 %apes l mon/r\s bloody fangs1 spr++ f ! s&s2 a floor z r\gh z /ormy seas1 heap$ ) tumbl$ rocks1 r$1 yell[1 blue1 gre51 grayi%-:ite1 betwe5 :i* rise /range yell[i%-gre5 ?orny gr[?s1 cactus-l & unfamili>2 a pa?less wa/e1 /rewn ) obsidian fragm5ts1 gl>+ 9 ! noon sun1 m confus+ ?an ! crook$ mazes ( an anci5t ,ori5tal city4 ,imag9e %apeless masses ( color$ s&/one1 unclimbable1 b>r+ ! way2 acres ( poli%$ mottl$ rock tilt$ at angles :i* defy cross+2 unexpect$ canyons ^: deep1 brok51 r$ & yell[ precipices =ce long det\rs4 ,& ev]y:]e color1 color1 color4 ,x p]vades ! gl[+ floor1 ! upris+ edifices4 ,! v air palpitates ) color1 insi/5t1 irresi/ible1 indef9able4 ,?is is ! sett+ ( ! ,ra9b[ ,bridge4 ,sc>cely m ?an a hundr$ p]sons besides ,indians1 !y tell me1 h se5 ?is mo/ entranc+ spectacle1 p]haps1 ( all ,am]ica4 ,! way 9 is long & difficult4 ,!re are only two or ?ree :o "k x1 ev5 ( ^? :o h be5 !re m ?an once1 & ! region has no inhabitants to po9t directions among ! confus+ rocks4 ,!re is no wat]1 nor any fri5dly tree4 ,illu/ration3 ,,roosevelt ,,p>ty ,,9 ,,monum5t ,,valley ,illu/ration3 ,,ra9b[ ,,bridge ,,9 ,,full ,,p]spective ,! day's ride is we>y+ 9 ! extreme 9 spite ( its fasc9ations4 ,! objective is ,navajo ,m\nta91 :i*1 /range spectacle 9 ?is des]t wa/e1 is =e/$ to its summit ) yell[ p9e above a surr\nd+ belt ( junip] & p9yon1 ) asp5 & will[s1 wild roses1 ,indian pa9t-bru%1 primrose1 & clematis 9 its l[] valleys4 ,bel[1 ! multicolor$ des]t1 deep cut ) ! canyons :i* c>ry (f ! _m little riv]s4 ,d[n "o ( ^! wild & highly color$ des]t canyons among ^: vivid tumbl$ rocks y\r horses pick _! c\rse ) difficulty1 y sudd5ly see a ra9b[ caught among ! vivid bald rocks1 a sl5d] ar* s delici\sly proportion$1 s gracefully curv$ among its %>p surr\nd+s1 t y\r eye fixes x /eadfa/ly & y\r he>t b\nds ) relief2 until n[ y _h n notic$ ! oppression ( ?is angl$1 sp9e-c>pet$ l&scape4 ,f n[ on no?+ else possesses y4 ,! ecc5tricity ( ! go+ con/antly hides x1 & ea* reappe>ance br+s aga9 ! joy ( discov]y4 ,& at la/ y rea* x1 dism\nt beside ! small cle> /ream :i* fl[s b5ea? x1 approa* rev]5tly1 ov]:elm$ ) a /range m+l+ ( awe & great elation4 ,y /& b5ea? its enorm\s encircl+ r$ & yell[ ar* & p]ceive t x is ! support :i* holds up ! sky4 ,x is long be=e turbul5t emotion p]mits ! m9d to analyze ! elem5ts :i* compose its extraord9>y beauty4 ,dim5sions mean little be=e spectacles l ?is4 ,to "k t ! span is two hundr$ & sev5ty-eight feet may help realization at home1 :]e x may be laid out1 /ak$ & look$ at2 x exce$s a block ( ,fif? ,av5ue 9 ,new ,york4 ,to "k t ! apex ( ! ra9b['s curve is ?ree hundr$ & n9e feet above y\r wond]+ eyes means no?+ to y !re2 b to ^? :o "k ,new ,york ,city x means ! height ( ! ,flatiron ,build+ built ?ree /ories high]4 ,*oose a build+ ( equal height 9 y\r own city1 /& beside x & look up4 ,!n imag9e x a gigantic monoli?ic ar* ( entranc+ proportions & fasc9at+ curve1 gl[+ 9 r$s & yell[s :i* m]ge into ea* o!r ins5sibly & )\t =m or patt]n4 ,imag9e ?is fairy unreality outl9$1 n aga9/ ! murk :i* ov]lies cities1 b aga9/ a sky ( des]t cl>ity & color4 ,all natural bridges are creat$ :olly by erosion4 ,?is 0 c>v$ f an out/&+ spur ( ,navajo s&/one :i* lay crosswise ( ! canyon4 ,orig9ally ! /ream /ruck full aga9/ ?is b>ri]1 swung sideways1 & f\nd its way ar\nd ! spur's free out] edge4 ,! end 0 m]ely a matt] ( "t4 ,gradually b surely ! /ream1 s&-lad5 9 times ( flood1 wore an ev]-deep5+ holl[ 9 ! b>ri]4 ,f9ally x wore x ?r\gh & pass$ "u :at !n became a bridge4 ,b meantime o!r ag5cies 7 at "w4 ,! rocky wall above1 alt]nately hot & cold1 z happ5s 9 high arid l&s1 deta*$ curv$1 flatt5$ plates4 ,worn bel[ by ! /ream1 ?9n$ above by ! de/ructive processes ( w9d & temp]ature1 ! w9d[ enl>g$4 ,9 "t ! ,ra9b[ ,bridge evolv$ 9 all its glori\s beauty4 ,n f> away is ano!r natural bridge well advanc$ 9 ! mak+4 ,! ,ra9b[ ,bridge 0 discov]$ 9 #aiji by ,william ,boone ,d\glass1 ,exam9] ( ,surveys 9 ! ,g5]al ,l& ,(fice1 ,santa ,fe4 ,foll[+ is an ab/ract ( ! gov]nm5t report cov]+ ! discov]y3 ,! in=mation _h come to ,mr4 ,d\glass f a ,paiute ,indian1 ,mike's ,boy1 :o lat] took ! "n ( ,jim1 employ$ z flagman 9 ! survey ( ! ?ree great natural bridges ( ,:ite ,canyon4 ,see+ ! :ite man's appreciation ( ?is =m ( w9d & wat] erosion1 ,jim told ( a great] bridge kn[n only to himself & "o o!r ,indian1 locat$ on ! nor? side ( ! ,navajo ,m\nta91 9 ! ,paiute ,indian res]vation4 ,b5d+ a twig ( will[ 9 ra9b[-%ape1 ) its ends /uck 9 ! gr\nd1 ,jim %[$ :at 8 bridge look$ l4 ,an ef=t 0 made to rea* ! bridge 9 ,decemb]4 ,un=tunately ,jim c\ld n be locat$4 ,on rea*+ ! ,navajo trad+-po/1 ,oljato1 no?+ 0 kn[n ( su* a bridge1 & ! tru? ( ,jim's /atem5t 0 que/ion$4 ,! trip 0 ab&on$ until ,augu/ ( ! foll[+ ye>1 :5 ,mr4 ,d\glass organiz$ a second p>ty at ,bluff1 ,utah1 & "u ,jim's guidance1 left = ! bridge4 ,at ,oljato ! p>ty 0 augm5t$ by ,pr(essor ,cumm+s1 & a p>ty ( college /ud5ts1 ) ,john ,we!rill z pack]1 :o 7 excavat+ ru9s 9 ! ,navajo ,indian ,res]vation4 ,z ! un9habit$ & unkn[n c\ntry ( ! bridge 0 rea*$1 travel became almo/ impossible4 ,all equipm5t1 save :at 0 absolutely indisp5sable1 0 disc>d$4 ,! :ole c\ntry 0 a maze ( box canyons1 z ?\gh "s turbul5t sea _h sudd5ly solidifi$ 9 rock4 ,only at a few favor$ po9ts c\ld ! canyon walls be scal$ ev5 by man1 & /ill few] :]e a horse might clamb]4 ,9 ! slop+ s&/one l$ges foo?olds = ! horses mu/ be cut1 & ev5 !n !y fell1 until _! loss seem$ c]ta94 ,aft] _m adv5tures ! p>ty arriv$ at #aa o'clock1 ,a4,m41 ,augu/ #ad1 #aiji4 ,jim _h inde$ made good4 ,silh\ett$ aga9/ a turquoise sky 0 an ar* ( ra9b[ %ape1 s delicately proportion$ t x seem$ z if "s great sculptor _h hewn x f ! rock4 ,its span ( #bgj feet bridg$ a /ream ( cle>1 sp>kl+ wat]1 t fl[$ #caj feet bel[ its cre/4 ,! _w's greate/ natural bridge _h be5 f\nd z ,jim _h describ$ x4 ,b5ea? x1 an anci5t alt> bore witness to ! fact t x 0 a sacr$ %r9e ( ^? ar*aic p1 ! build]s ( ! weird & my/]i\s cliff-ca/les se5 9 ! ,navajo ,national ,monum5t4 ,! cre/ ( ! bridge 0 rea*$ by ,mr4 ,d\glass & 8 ?ree assi/ants1 ,john ,r4 ,engli%1 ,jean ,f4 ,rog]son1 & ,daniel ,p]k9s1 by l[]+ !mselves ) ropes to ! s\? abutm5t1 & climb+ its ar*4 ,probably !y 7 ! fir/ human be+s to rea* x4 ,no ,indian "n = ! bridge 0 kn[n1 except su* descriptive g5]ic t]ms z ! ,paiute ',! space "u a horse's belly betwe5 its =e & h9d legs1' or ! ',hole 9 ! rock' 7nonnezo%i7 ( ! ,navajo1 nei!r ( :i* 0 deem$ appropriate4 ,:ile ! "q ( a "n 0 /ill be+ debat$1 !re appe>$ 9 ! sky1 z if 9 answ]1 a beautiful ra9b[1 ! ',b>ahoni' ( ! ,paiutes4 ,! suitability ( ! "n 0 fur!r demon/rat$ by a sup]/ition ( ! ,navajos4 ,on ! occasion ( 8 second visit1 ! fall ( ! same ye>1 ,mr4 ,d\glass _h z an assi/ant an old ,navajo ,indian nam$ ,:ite ,horse1 :o1 aft] pass+ "u ! bridge1 w\ld n return1 b climb$ labori\sly ar\nd its end4 ,on be+ press$ = an explanation1 he w\ld ar* 8 h&1 & ?r\gh x squ9t at ! sun1 solemnly %ak+ 8 head4 ,lat]1 ?r\gh ! assi/ance ( ,mrs4 ,john ,we!rill1 an exp]i5c$ ,navajo l+ui/1 ,mr4 ,d\glass le>n$ t ! =mations ( ! type ( ! bridge 7 symbolic ra9b[s1 or ! sun's pa?1 & "o pass+ "u c\ld n return1 "u p5alty ( dea?1 )\t ! utt]ance ( a c]ta9 pray]1 :i* ,:ite ,horse _h =gott54 ,! ag$ ,navajo in=mant w\ld n reveal ! pray] = fe> ( ! ',lightn+ ,snake4' ,if y\r return f ,ra9b[ ,bridge c>ries y ?r\gh ,monum5t ,valley ) its miles ( blaz+ r$ /ructures1 memory w file /ill ano!r amaz+ s5sation4 ,"s ( its crimson mon/]s rise a ?\s& feet above ! grassy pla94 ,,natural ,,bridges ,,national ,,monum5t ,n _m miles nor? ( ! ,ra9b[ ,bridge1 fifty miles f ,monticello 9 s\!rn ,utah1 9 a region n greatly dissimil> 9 outl9e1 & only less colorful1 ?ree natural bridges ( l>ge size h be5 cons]v$ "u ! title ( ! ,natural ,bridges ,national ,monum5t4 ,"h1 we/ ( ! ,mesa ,v]de1 ! c\ntry is *>act]iz$ by long1 broad mesas1 sometimes cr[n$ ) /unt$ c$> =e/s1 dropp+ sudd5ly into deep valleys4 ,! erosion ( _m ?\s&s ( c5turies has pl\gh$ ! surface into w9d+ rock-/rewn canyons1 great & small4 ,?ree ( ^! canyons are cross$ by bridges /ream-cut ?r\gh ! solid rock4 ,! l>ge/1 locally kn[n z ! ,augu/a ,bridge1 is nam$ ,sipapu1 ,gate ( ,heav54 ,x is "o ( ! l>ge/ natural bridges 9 ! _w1 measur+ two hundr$ & tw5ty-two feet 9 height1 ) a span ( two hundr$ & sixty-"o feet4 ,x is a graceful & maje/ic /ructure1 s proportion$ & f9i%$ t x is difficult1 f "s po9ts ( view1 to believe x ! unplann$ "w ( natural =ces4 ,"o crosses x on a level plat=m tw5ty-eight feet wide4 ,! o!r two1 :i* are ne>ly its size1 are f\nd )9 five miles4 ,! ,ka*9a1 :i* means ,gu>dian ,_s1 is locally call$ ! ,c>ol9e ,bridge4 ,! ,owa*omo1 mean+ ,rock ,m\nd1 is locally kn[n z ! ,edw9 ,bridge4 ,! local names celebrate p]sons :o visit$ !m soon aft] !y 7 fir/ discov]$ by ,em]y ,kn[les 9 #ahie4 ,!y may be rea*$ by horse & pack-tra9 f ,monticello1 or ,bluff1 ,utah4 ,"o ( ! five sections ( ! res]vation cons]ves two l>ge caves4 ,,d9osaur ,,national ,,monum5t ,! ,age ( ,reptile develop$ a wide v>iety ( mon/]s 9 ! c5tral regions ( ! cont95t f ,montana to ! ,gulf ( ,mexico4 ,! d9osaurs ( ! ,triassic & ,jurassic p]iods sometimes _h gigantic size1 ! ,brontosaurus atta9+ a l5g? ( sixty feet or m4 ,! femur ( ! ,bra*iosaurus exce$$ six feet2 ?is mu/ h be5 ! greate/ ( !m all4 ,! great] d9osaurs 7 h]bivor\s4 ,! c>nivor\s species 7 n rem>kable = size2 !re 7 small leap+ =ms sc>cely l>g] ?an rabbits4 ,! necessity = def5se aga9/ ! fle%-eat]s develop$1 9 ! small] d9osaurs1 extremely heavy armor4 ,! /egosaur c>ri$ huge plates ^u 8 curv$ back1 sugge/+ a circul> saw2 8 long p[]ful tail 0 arm$ ) %>p spikes1 & mu/ h be5 a dang]\s weapon4 ,d9osaurs roam$ all ov] :at is n[ call$ our middle we/4 ,9 ^? days ! c5tral "p ( our l& 0 w>m & swampy4 ,fre%-wat] lagoons & sluggi% /reams 7 bord]$ by l[ =e/s ( palms & f]ns2 "o mu/ g to ! tropics to f9d a correspond+ l&scape 9 our times4 ,! wat]s ab\nd$ 9 reptiles & fi%4 ,huge w+$ reptiles flew f cov] to cov]4 ,! fir/ birds 7 evolv+ f reptilian =ms4 ,! absorb+ /ory ( ^! times is writt5 9 ! rocks4 ,! life =ms 7 at _! full :5 ! s&s 7 laid :i* to-day is ! wide-spread lay] ( s&/one :i* geologi/s call ! ,morrison =mation4 ,erosion has expos$ ?is s&/one 9 sev]al p>ts ( ! we/]n ,unit$ ,/ates1 & _m h be5 ! int]e/+ glimpses x has af=d$ ( t /range p]iod s _m millions ( ye>s ago4 ,9 ! ,u9tah ,bas9 ( nor?we/]n ,utah1 a region ( bad l&s cross$ by ! ,gre5 ,riv] on its way to ! ,colorado & ! ,gr& ,canyon1 ! ,morrison /rata h be5 b5t upw>d at an angle ( sixty degrees or m & !n cut ?r\gh1 expos+ _! entire dep?4 ,! c\ntry is extremely r\gh & b>e4 ,only 9 occasional widely sep>at$ bottoms has irrigation made f>m+ possible2 else:]e no?+ gr[s ^u ! bald hillsides4 ,"h1 eighte5 miles ea/ ( ! t[n ( ,v]nal1 eighty acres ( ! expos$ ,morrison /rata 7 set aside 9 #aiae z ! ,d9osaur ,national ,monum5t4 ,^! acres h already yield$ a v l>ge collection ( skeletons4 ,s9ce #aijh ! ,c>negie ,museum ( ,pittsburgh has be5 ga!r+ specim5s ( ! greate/ importance4 ,! only complete skeleton ( a d9osaur ev] f\nd 0 tak5 out 9 #aiji4 ,! "w ( qu>ry+ & removal is done ) ! utmo/ c>e4 ,! rock is *isell$ away 9 ?9 lay]s1 z no "o c tell :5 an invaluable relic may be f\nd4 ,z fa/ z bones are deta*$1 !y are cov]$ ) pla/] ( ,p>is & s wrapp$ t breakage becomes impossible4 ,two ye>s 7 requir$ to une>? ! skeleton ( a brontosaurus4 ,! extraord9>y mass+ ( fossil rema9s at ?is po9t sugge/s t floods may h swept ^! animals f a l>ge area & lodg$ _! bodies "h1 :]e !y 7 cov]$ ) s&s4 ,b x also is possible t ?is spot 0 m]ely a favorite fe$+-gr\nd4 ,x may be t simil>ly ri* deposits lie hidd5 9 _m places 9 ! wide-spread ,morrison s&/one :i* "s day may be une>!d4 ,! bones ( d9osaurs h be5 f\nd 9 ! ,morrison ( ,colorado ne> ,b\ld]4 ,,petrifi$ ,,=e/ ,,national ,,monum5t ,= a hundr$ & tw5ty-five or ?irty miles s\?we/ ( ! ,gr& ,canyon1 ! valley ( ! ,little ,colorado ,riv] is kn[n z ! ,pa9t$ ,des]t4 ,x is a n>r[ pla9 ( ,c>bonif]\s & ,triassic m>ls1 %ales1 s&/ones1 & conglom]ates1 ab\nd+ 9 fossils1 ! mo/ arid "p ( ,arizona2 ev5 ! riv]'s l[] rea*es dry up = a "p ( ea* ye>4 ,b x is a palette ( brilliant colors2 x w be difficult to "n a t9t or %ade :i* is n vividly repres5t$ 9 ?is gaudy floor & 9 ! /rata ( ! cliffs :i* def9e its nor!rn & ea/]n limits4 ,above & beyond ^! cliffs lies t o!r amaz+ des]t1 ! ,navajo c\ntry1 ! l& ( ! ,ra9b[ ,bridge & ! ,canyon de ,*elly4 ,i h m5tion$ ! ,pa9t$ ,des]t because x is %ap$ l a long n>r[ f+] po9t$ /raight at ! ,petrifi$ ,=e/s ly+ j beyond its t\*4 ,"h ! c\ntry is also highly color$1 b v diff]5tly4 ,m>oon & tawny yell[ are ! prevail+ t9ts ( ! m>ls1 r$ & br[n ! colors ( ! s&/ones4 ,!re is a roll+ s&y floor crisscross$ ) canyons 9 ^: bottoms gr[ /unt$ c$>s & occasional cottonwoods4 ,^u ?is floor ?\s&s ( petrifi$ logs are heap$ 9 confusion4 ,9 _m places ! /rong sugge/ion is t ( a log jam left /r&$ by subsid+ floods4 ,ne>ly all ! logs h brok5 into %ort l5g?s z cleanly cut z if sawn1 ! result ( succe$+ heat & cold4 ,areas ( petrifi$ wood are common 9 _m p>ts ( ! ,navajo c\ntry & its surr\nd+ des]ts4 ,! l>g] areas are m>k$ on ! ,geological ,survey maps1 & _m less] areas are m5tion$ 9 reports4 ,!re are ref]5ces to root$ /umps4 ,! ?ree gr\ps 9 ! ,petrifi$ ,=e/ ,national ,monum5t1 ne> ! t[n ( ,adamana1 ,arizona1 7 *os5 = cons]vation because !y are ! l>ge/ & p]haps ! f9e/2 at ! "t1 ! gorge\sly color$ logs 7 be+ c>ri$ away 9 quantities to be cut up into table-tops4 ,z a matt] ( fact1 ^! are n =e/s4 ,mo/ ( ^! trees grew ^u levels sev5 hundr$ feet or m high] ?an :]e !y n[ lie & at unkn[n di/ances2 floods left !m "h4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,petrifi$ ,,=e/ ,,( ,,arizona ,%[+ ! =mation 9 color$ /rata4 ,! logs se5 on ! gr\nd grew ^u a level sev5 hundr$ feet high] ,illu/ration3 ,,petrifi$ ,,trunk ,,=m+ ,a ,,bridge ,,ov] ,a ,,canyon ,! trunk is #aaa feet long4 ,! /one pi]s 7 built to pres]ve x ,! ,fir/ ,=e/1 :i* lies six miles s\? ( ,adamana1 conta9s ?\s&s ( brok5 l5g?s4 ,"o unbrok5 log a hundr$ & elev5 feet long bridges a canyon =ty-five feet wide1 a rem>kable spectacle4 ,9 ! ,second ,=e/1 :i* lies two miles & a half s\? ( t1 & ! ,?ird ,=e/1 :i* is ?irte5 miles s\? ( ,adamana & eighte5 miles s\!a/ ( ,holbrook1 mo/ ( ! trunks appe> to lie 9 _! orig9al positions4 ,"o :i* 0 measur$ by ,doctor ,g4,h4 ,kn[lton ( ! ,smi?sonian ,in/itution 0 m ?an sev5 feet 9 diamet] & a hundr$ & tw5ty feet long4 ,he e/imates ! av]age diamet]s at ?ree or f\r feet1 :ile l5g?s v>y f sixty to a hundr$ feet4 ,! color+ ( ! wood is v>iegat$ & brilliant4 ,! /ate ( m9]alization 9 :i* mo/ ( ?is wood exi/s1 writes ,pr(essor ,le/] ,f4 ,w>d1 paleobotani/1 almo/ places !m among ! gems or preci\s /ones4 ,n only are *alc$ony1 opals1 & agates f\nd among !m1 b _m approa* ! condition ( jasp] & onyx4 ,! *emi/ry ( ! process ( petrifaction or silicification1 writes ,doctor ,george ,p4 ,m]rill1 ,curator ( ,geology 9 ! ,national ,museum1 is n q cle>4 ,silica is ord9>ily look$ ^u z "o ( ! mo/ insoluble ( sub/ances4 ,x is nev]!less readily soluble 9 alkal9e solutions--i4e41 solutions conta9+ soda or pota%4 ,x is probable t ! solutions p]meat+ ^! buri$ logs 7 ?us alkal9e1 & z ! logs gradually decay$ _! organic matt] 0 replac$1 molecule by molecule1 by silica4 ,! brilliant r$ & o!r colors are due to ! small am\nt ( iron & manganese deposit$ toge!r ) ! silica1 & sup]-oxydiz$ z ! trunks are expos$ to ! air4 ,! mo/ brilliant colors are !re=e to be f\nd on ! surface4 ,! trees are ( sev]al species4 ,all ^? id5tifi$ by ,doctor ,kn[lton 7 ,arauc>ia1 :i* d n n[ live 9 ! nor!rn hemisph]e4 ,doctor ,e4,c4 ,jeffrey1 ( ,h>v>d1 has describ$ "o g5us unkn[n else:]e4 ,to get ! ,petrifi$ ,=e/ into full prospective x is well to recall t ^! %ales & s&s 7 laid 9 wat]1 above ^: surface ! l& rais$ _m times1 only to s9k aga9 & accumulate new /rata4 ,! plateau n[ has fifty-sev5 hundr$ feet ( altitude4 ,:5 x is kn[n1 writes ,doctor ,kn[lton1 t s9ce ! close ( ,triassic times probably m ?an fifty ?\s& feet ( s$im5ts h be5 deposit$1 x is se5 t ! age ( ! ,triassic =e/s ( ,arizona c only be reckon$ 9 millions ( ye>s--j h[ _m x w\ld be m]e speculation to attempt to e/imate4 ,x is c]ta91 also1 t at "o "t ! /rata conta9+ ^! petrifi$ logs 7 !mselves buri$ b5ea? ?\s&s ( feet ( /rata ( lat] ages1 :i* h 9 places be5 worn away suffici5tly to expose ! tree-be>+ b$s4 ,und\bt$ly o!r =e/s z great or great] ?an ^? n[ expos$ lie buri$ b5ea? ! lat] =mations4 ,a v int]e/+ small =e/1 n 9 ! res]vation1 lies n9e miles nor? ( ,adamana4 ,,papago ,,sagu>o ,,national ,,monum5t ,! popul> idea ( a des]t ( dry drift+ s& unreliev$ except at occasional oases by evid5ces ( life 0 born ( our e>ly geographies1 :i* pictur$ ! ,sah>a z ! des]t type4 ,f> diff]5t inde$ is our ,am]ican des]t1 mo/ ( :i* has a few in*es ( ra9fall 9 ! e>ly spr+ & gr[s a peculi> flora ( rem>kable individuality & beauty4 ,! creosote bu% se5 f ! c>-w9d[s %elt]s a few grasses :i* br[n & die by summ]1 b help to color ! l&scape ! ye> ar\nd4 ,_m l[ fl[]+ plants gladd5 ! des]t spr+time1 & 9 ! f> s\? & p>ticul>ly 9 ! f> s\?we/ are sev]al v>ieties ( cactus :i* atta9 great size4 ,! frequ5t] ( ! des]t soon correlates its flora ) its o!r sc5ic elem5ts & f9ds all ri* & beautiful4 ,9 s\?we/]n ,arizona & along ! s\!rn bord] ( ,cali=nia ?is /range flora f9ds its fulle/ expression4 ,"h "o ent]s a new fairy-l&1 a region ( /++ bu%es & up/&+ mon/]s lift+ unga9ly arms to heav54 ,9 #aiad1 to cons]ve "o ( ! _m ri* tracts ( des]t flora1 ,presid5t ,wilson creat$ ! ,papago ,sagu>o ,national ,monum5t a few miles ea/ ( ,pho5ix1 ,arizona4 ,its two ?\s& & fifty acres include f9e examples ( innum]able des]t species 9 fulle/ developm5t4 ,among ^! ! *olla is at once "o ( ! mo/ fasc9at+ & ! mo/ exasp]at+4 ,x belongs to ! prickly pe> family1 b !re resemblance ceases4 ,x is a /ocky bu% two or ?ree feet high cov]$ ) balls ( flatt5$ p[]ful %>p-po9t$ ne$les :i* w p5etrate ev5 a heavy %oe4 ,9 ,novemb] ^! fall1 /rew+ ! gr\nd ) sp9y inde/ructible weapons4 ,!re are _m v>ieties ( *ollas & all are decorative4 ,! tree *olla gr[s f sev5 to t5 feet 9 height1 a spl5did %[y feature ( ! des]t slopes1 & ! home1 =tress1 & sure def5se = all ! birds :o c f9d ne/-room beh9d its bri/l+ brea/work4 ,! ,c]eus ?urb]i1 ! pipe-organ1 or c&elabrum cactus1 z x is v>i\sly call$1 gr[s 9 ?ick /raight columns (t5 clump$ closely toge!r1 a picturesque & beautiful creation4 ,gr\ps range f a few in*es to _m feet 9 height4 ,"o clump ( tw5ty-two /ems has be5 report$1 ! l>ge/ /em ( :i* 0 tw5ty feet high & tw5ty-two in*es 9 diamet]4 ,ano!r ( picturesque appeal is ! bisnaga or b>rel cactus1 ( :i* !re are _m species ( _m sizes4 ,l all cacti1 x absorbs wat] dur+ ! brief wet season & /ores x = future use4 ,a specim5 ! size ( a fl\r-b>rel c be made to yield a c\ple ( gallons ( sweeti% b refre%+ wat]1 :]eby _m a life has be5 sav$ 9 ! s&y wa/es4 ,b ! des]t's *ief exhibit is ! giant sagu>o1 ! ,c]eus giganteus1 f :i* ! res]vation got its "n4 ,?is /ately cactus rises 9 a spl5did gre5 column1 accordion-plait$ & decorat$ ) />-l clu/]s ( sp9es ^u ! edges ( ! plaits4 ,! l>g] specim5s gr[ z high z sixty or sev5ty feet & ?r[ out at int]vals p[]ful bran*es :i* b5d %>ply upw>d2 sometimes !re are z _m z eight or n9e ( ^! gigantic bran*es4 ,no t[]+ fir or spread+ oak c>ries a m pr9cely air4 ,a =e/ ( giant sagu>o ris+ f a pa9t$ des]t f> above ! tangle ( creosote-bu%1 mesquite1 *olla1 bisnaga1 & scores ( o!r /range gr[?s ( a l& ( /range attractions is a spectacle to /ir ! blood & to rememb] = a lifetime4 ,,colorado ,,national ,,monum5t ,on ! des]t bord] ( f>-we/]n ,colorado ne> ,gr& ,junction is a region ( r$ s&/one :i* ! erosion ( ! ages has c>v$ into innum]able /range & grotesque %apes4 ,once a great pla91 !n a gr\p ( mesas1 n[ x has become a city ( grotesque monum5ts4 ,^? :o h se5 ! ,g>d5 ( ! ,gods ne> ,colorado ,spr+s c imag9e x multipli$ _m times 9 size1 grotesqu5ess1 complexity1 & area2 su* a vision w approximate ! ,colorado ,national ,monum5t4 ,! two regions h o!r relations 9 common1 = z ! ,g>d5 ( ! ,gods flanks ! ,rockies' ea/]n slopes & looks ea/w>d to ! great pla9s1 s does ! ,colorado ,national ,monum5t flank ! ,rockies' we/]n des]t4 ,bo? are ! disclosure by erosion ( simil> /rata ( r$ s&/one :i* may h be5 m or less cont9u\s be=e ! great ,rockies wr9kl$1 lift$1 & bur/ upw>d betwe5 !m4 ,! rock monum5ts ( ?is gr\p are extremely highly color$4 ,!y rise 9 sev]al neighbor+ canyons & "s ( !m are ( great height & fanta/ic design4 ,"o is a ne>ly circul> column ) a diamet] ( a hundr$ feet at ! base & a height ( m ?an f\r hundr$ feet4 ,caves add to ! attractions1 & !re are _m spr+s among ! tangl$ gr[?s ( ! canyon floors4 ,!re are c$>s & p9yon trees4 ,! region ab\nds 9 mule-de] & o!r wild animals4 ,,capul9 ,,m\nta9 ,,national ,,monum5t ,aft] ! sea-bottom :i* is n[ our des]t s\?we/ rose = ! la/ "t & became ! l(ty plateau ( to-day1 _m 7 ! *anges by :i* its surface became modifi$4 ,*ief ( ^! 0 ! erosion :i* has wa%$ its levels ?\s&s ( feet bel[ its pot5tial altitude & c>v$ x s rem>kably4 ,b x also became a field ( wide-spread volcanic activity1 & lavas & obsidians are con/antly enc\nt]$ among its gravels1 s&s1 & %ales4 ,_m also are ! cones ( dead volcanoes4 ,capul9 ,m\nta9 9 nor!a/]n ,new ,mexico ne> ! ,colorado l9e is a v anci5t volcano :i* reta9s its %ape 9 ne>ly p]fect condition4 ,x 0 made a national monum5t = sci5tific reasons1 b x also happily r\nds out ! national p>ks' exhibit ( ! influ5ces :i* creat$ our wond]ful s\?we/4 ,its crat] cone is compos$ p>tly ( lava fl[1 p>tly ( f9e loose c9d]1 & p>tly ( cem5t$ volcanic a%4 ,x is ne>ly a p]fect cone4 ,capul9 rises fifte5 hundr$ feet f ! pla9 to an altitude ( eight ?\s& feet4 ,its crat] is fifte5 hundr$ feet across & sev5ty-five feet deep4 ,to complete ! volcanic exhibit _m bli/] cones are f\nd ar\nd its base4 ,x is easily rea*$ f two railroads or by automobile4 ,,xx ,,! ,,muir ,,woods ,,& ,,o!r ,,national ,,monum5ts ,national monum5ts :i* commemorate hi/ory1 cons]ve =e/s1 & di/+ui% conspicu\s examples ( _w-mak+ dot o!r p>ts ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates besides ! colorful s\?we/4 ,_! v>iety is great & ! natural beauty ( "s ( !m unsurpass$4 ,_! numb] %\ld be mu* great]4 ,e hi/ory-help+ exploration ( ! e>ly days1 f ,cortreal's inspection ( ! upp] ,atlantic coa/ 9 #aeja & ,ponce de ,leon's exploration ( ,florida elev5 ye>s lat]1 f ,cabrillo's skirt+ ( ! ,pacific coa/ 9 #aedb & ,vanc\v]'s entrance into ,puget ,s\nd 9 #agib1 includ+ e e>ly exp$ition f nor? & s\? into ! c\ntry n[ ours & e exploration ( ! int]ior by our own p1 %\ld be commemorat$1 n by a slab ( bronze or m>ble1 b by a /rik+ & appropriate area set ap>t z a def9ite memorial ( ! hi/ory ( ?is nation's e>ly beg9n+s4 ,^! areas %\ld be appropriately locat$ ^u or ov]look+ "s important or *>act]i/ic l&m>k ( ! explorations or ev5ts :i* !y commemorat$1 & %\ld h sc5ic importance suffici5t to attract visitors & impress ^u !m ! /ages ( ! progress ( ?is l& f a condition ( wild]ness to settlem5t & civilization4 ,nor %\ld x end "h4 ,! c\ntry is ri*ly end[$1 f ! ,atlantic to ! ,pacific1 ) examples ( ,nature's amaz+ h&icraft 9 ! mak+ ( ?is cont95t1 ! :ole range ( :i* %\ld be fully express$ 9 national res]vations4 ,besides ^!1 examples ( our nor!a/]n =e/s1 ! p9es ( ! s\!rn ,appala*ians1 ! ev]glades ( ,florida1 ! tangl$ woodl&s ( ! gulf1 & o!r typical =e/s :i* p]*ance may h escap$ ! desolation ( civilization1 %\ld be add$ to ! spl5did =e/ res]ves ( ! national p>ks ( ! ,we/1 fir/-gr[n z ,nature made !m1 =ev] to rema9 unt\*$ by ! axe4 ,?us w ! national p>ks sy/em become ! real national museum = to-day & =ev]4 ,!re foll[s a brief catalogue ( ! sl5d] & altoge!r =tuit\s beg9n+s ( su* an exhibit4 ,,muir ,,woods ,,national ,,monum5t ,"o ( ! la/ rema9+ /&s ( orig9al r$wood =e/ easily accessible to ! visitor is ! ,muir ,woods 9 ,cali=nia4 ,x occupies a picturesque canyon on ! slope ( ,m\nt ,tamalpais1 nor? ( ! ,gold5 ,gate & opposite ,san ,francisco1 f :i* x is com=tably rea*$ by f]ry & railroad4 ,x 0 rescu$ f ! axe by ,william ,k5t ( ,cali=nia1 :o1 jo9tly ) ,mrs4 ,k5t1 gave x to ! nation z an exhibit ( ! spl5did =e/ :i* once cr[d$ ! %ores ( ,san ,francisco ,bay4 ,x is nam$ aft] ,john ,muir1 to :om ?is grove 0 a favorite retreat = _m ye>s4 ,x exhibits _m noble specim5s ( ! ,cali=nia r$wood1 ,sequoia semp]vir5s1 c\s9 ( ! giant sequoia4 ,"s ( !m atta9 a height ( ?ree hundr$ feet1 ) a diamet] exce$+ eighte5 feet4 ,!y /& usually 9 clu/]s1 or family gr\ps1 _! /ems erect z pill>s1 _! cr[ns jo9$ 9 a l(ty ro(1 ru/l+ 9 ! ,pacific w9ds1 musical ) ! songs ( birds4 ,n ev5 9 ! giant sequoia groves ( ! ,si]ra h ,i f\nd any spot m ca!dral-l ?an ?is4 ,its floor is br[n & sweet-smell+1 its aisles outl9$ by ! tread ( g5]ations ( wor%ipp]s4 ,its naves1 transepts1 alcoves1 & sanctu>ies are /ill & dim1 yet fill$ my/]i\sly ) light4 ,! ,muir ,woods is a grove ( noble r$woods1 b x is mu* m4 ,ap>t f its ma9 passages1 9 alcove1 gateway1 & outly+ prec9ct x is an exhibit ( ! ri* ,cali=nian coa/ =e/4 ,! ,d\glas fir "h rea*es /ately proportions4 ,_m ( ! we/]n oaks display _! manifold picturesqu5ess4 ,a hundr$ less] trees & %rubs add _! grace & v>iety4 ,! =e/ is typical & complete4 ,?\gh small 9 scope x is n a remnant b naturally bl5ds into its surr\nd+s4 ,! %ad$ nor? hill slopes c>ry ! great trees to ! ridge l9e2 ! s\!rn slope exhibits ! /ruggle = prec$5ce ) ! m\nta9 %rubs4 ,at ! l[] end "o bur/s out into ! grass c\ntry & ! op5 hills4 ,e feature ( ! lovelie/ ( all =e/s is at h&3 ! valley floor ) its m9iature tr\t-/ream ov]hung ) fragrant azaleas2 ! br[n c>pet int]wov5 ) azaleas & violets4 ,!re is ! cool decoration ( _m f]ns4 ,illu/ration3 ,f a photograph by ,tibbitts ,,ca!dral ,,isle ,,( ,,! ,,muir ,,woods ,! /raight-gr[+ r$woods compel a *ange ( habit 9 ! trees t w\ld /ruggle t[>d a view ( ! sky4 ,m\nta9-oaks & madrona are /raight-trunk$ & cle> ( l[] bran*es4 ,!re is rivalry ( ! /rong & protection = ! weak4 ,! grove is1 9 tru?1 a complete expression 9 little ( ,nature's =e/ plan4 ,! *>act]i/ics ( ! great] r$wood =e/s :i* require weeks or mon?s to compass & c>eful correlation to br+ into p]spective1 "h are exhibit$ )9 ! rambl+ ( a day4 ,! ,muir ,woods is an entity4 ,its mead[ bord]s1 its d>k rav9es1 its valley floor1 its slopes & hilltops1 all %[ fulle/ luxuriance & p]fect proportion4 ,! /ruggle ( ! great] trees to climb ! hills is exemplifi$ z fully z 9 ! great exhibits ( ! nor?1 :i* spread ov] _m miles ( hill slope2 "h "o may see its range 9 half an h\r4 ,! color+1 too1 is ri*4 ,! ru/y foliage & b>k1 ! bright] gre5 ( ! %rubs1 ! br[n c>pet1 ! opal light1 /irs ! _s4 ,! p[]ful individuality ( _m ( its trees is ! s\rce ( nev]-end+ pleasure4 ,!re is a r$wood ^u ! ,we/ ,=k :i* has no liv+ base1 b fe$s1 vampire-l1 ?r\gh ano!r's ve9s2 or1 if y pref] ! figure ( family dep5d5ce s /rik+ly exemplifi$ 9 ^! woods1 has be5 rescu$ f de/ruction by a bro!r4 ,! base ( ?is tree has be5 completely girdl$ by fire4 ,impossible to draw subsi/5ce f bel[1 x /&s up f a burn$1 nak$1 sl5d] f\ndation4 ,b ano!r tree fell aga9/ x tw5ty-five or ?irty feet above ! gr\nd1 9 "s f> pa/ /orm1 & lo/ its top2 ?is tree p\rs its sap into ! ve9s ( ! o!r to support its noble top4 ,! tw9 cripples h become a s+le heal?y tree4 ,"o ( ! mo/ /rik+ exhibits ( ! ,muir ,woods is its tangle ( ,cali=nia laurel4 ,ev5 9 its deepe/ recesses1 ! bays1 z !y are commonly call$1 rea* great size4 ,!y sprawl 9 all directions1 b5d at %>p angles1 make great loops to ent] ! soil & root aga92 sometimes !y cross ea* o!r & jo9 _! trunks2 9 "o in/ance1 at lea/1 a l>ge cr[nless trunk has b5t & ent]$ head fir/ ! /em ( /ill a l>g] tree4 ,!re are great] /&s ( virg9 r$woods 9 ! nor!rn wild]ness ( ,cali=nia :i* ! ru?less lumb]man has n yet rea*$ b is approa*+ fa/2 ^! are inl& /&s ( giants1 cr[d$ l battalions4 ,b !re is no o!r ,muir ,woods1 ) its m9iature p]fection4 ,,devil',s ,,po/pile ,,national ,,monum5t ,s\!a/ ( craggy ,lyell1 m\nta9 climax & ea/]n outpo/ ( ! ,yosemite ,national ,p>k1 ! ,muir ,trail foll[s ! extravagantly beautiful beg9n+s ( ! ,middle ,=k ( ! ,san ,joaqu9 ,riv] ?r\gh a region ( myriad wat]s & sn[-fleck$ m\nta9s4 ,bann] ,peak1 ,ritt] ,m\nta91 ,?\s& ,isl& ,lake1 ,volcanic ,ridge1 ,%ad[ ,lake--national p>k sc5]y 9 its noble/ expression1 b n yet national p>k4 ,a score ( miles f ,lyell1 ! trail foll[s ! riv] into a volcanic bottom f ^: =e/ rises ! spl5did gr\p ( p5tagonal basaltic columns :i* 0 made a national monum5t 9 #aiaa "u ! title ( ! ,devil's ,po/pile4 ,^? :o "k ! fam\s ,giant's ,causeway ( ! ,iri% coa/ w "k x 9 k9d1 b n 9 beauty4 ,! enorm\s uplift :i* creat$ ! ,si]ra 0 accompani$ on bo? its slopes by ext5sive volcanic eruptions1 ! rema9s ( :i* are frequ5tly visible to ! travell]4 ,! huge basaltic cry/als ( ! ,devil's ,po/pile 7 a product ( ?is volcanic outp\r+2 !y =m$ deep )9 ! hot masses :i* p\r$ ov] ! region = miles ar\nd4 ,_! upp] ends h become expos$ by ! erosion ( ! ages by :i* ! c9d] soil & s(t] rock ar\nd !m h be5 worn away4 ,! trail travell] comes sudd5ly ^u ?is spl5did gr\p4 ,x is elevat$1 z if x 7 ! front ( a small ridge1 its po/s /&+ on end1 side by side1 9 close =mation4 ,bel[ x1 cov]+ ! front ( ! ridge d[n to ! l9e ( ! trail1 is an enorm\s talus mass ( brok5 pieces4 ,! appropriat5ess ( ! "n /rikes "o at ! fir/ glance4 ,?is is really a po/pile1 e po/ c>efully hewn to patt]n1 all ( ne>ly equal l5g?4 ,! talus heap bel[ sugge/s t 8 ,satanic ,maje/y 0 utiliz+ x also z a woodpile1 & _h sawn _m ( ! po/s into l5g?s to fit ! furnaces :i* we h be5 taught t he keeps hot = ! wick$4 ,c]ta9ly x is a beautiful1 int]e/+1 & ev5 an impos+ spectacle4 ,"o also ?9ks ( x z a gigantic organ1 ^: _m hundr$ pipes rise _m feet 9 air4 ,its l(ty position1 se5 f ! viewpo9t ( ! trail1 is "o ( dignity2 x ov]looks ! p9es & firs surr\nd+ ! cle>+ 9 :i* ! obs]v] /&s4 ,! trees on ! high] level sc>cely ov]top x2 9 "p1 x is outl9$ aga9/ ! sky4 ,! ,devil's ,po/pile1 writes ,pr(essor ,joseph ,n4 ,le,conte1 ,muir's successor z ! prophet ( ! ,si]ra1 is a wond]ful cliff ( column> basalt1 fac+ ! riv]4 ,! columns are q p]fect prisms1 ne>ly v]tical & fitt$ toge!r l ! cells ( a honeycomb4 ,mo/ ( ! prisms are p5tagonal1 ?\gh "s are ( f\r or six sides4 ,! /&+ columns are ab\t two feet 9 diamet] & =ty feet high4 ,at ! base ( ! cliff is an enorm\s basalt /ructure1 b1 :]ev] ! b$-rock is expos$ b5ea? ! pumice cov]+1 ! same =mation c be se54 ,an error 9 ! proclamation pap]s made ! (ficial title ( ?is monum5t ! ,devil ,po/pile1 & ?us x mu/ legally appe> 9 all (ficial docum5ts4 ,! res]vation also includes ! ,ra9b[ ,fall ( ! ,san ,juan ,riv]1 "o ( ! mo/ beautiful wat]falls ( ! sub-,si]ra region1 besides soda spr+s & hot spr+s4 ,?is entire res]vation 0 orig9ally includ$ 9 ! ,yosemite ,national ,p>k1 b 0 cut out by an unappreciative committee appo9t$ to revise b\nd>ies4 ,x is to be hop$ t ,congress w soon re/ore x to its rightful /atus4 ,,devil',s ,,t[] ,,national ,,monum5t ,a /ructure simil> 9 nature to ! ,devil's ,po/pile1 b va/ly great] 9 size & s5sational quality1 =ms "o ( ! mo/ /rik+ natural spectacles ea/ ( ! ,rocky ,m\nta9s4 ,! ,devil's ,t[] is unique4 ,x rises ) extreme abruptness f ! r\gh ,wyom+ levels j we/ ( ! ,black ,hills4 ,x is on ! banks ( ! ,belle ,f\r*e ,riv]1 :i* lat]1 encircl+ ! ,black ,hills ar\nd ! nor?1 f9ds its way into ! ,big ,*ey5ne & ! ,miss\ri4 ,?is extraord9>y t[] em]ges f a r\nd$ =e/$ hill ( s$im5t>y rock :i* rises six hundr$ feet above ! pla92 f ! top ( t ! t[] rises six hundr$ feet /ill high]4 ,x is visible = a hundr$ miles or m 9 e direction4 ,be=e ! com+ ( ! :ite man x 0 ! l&m>k ( ! ,indians4 ,lat] x s]v$ a useful purpose 9 guid+ ! e>ly explor]s4 ,to-day x is ! po9t :i* draws ! eye = _m miles4 ,! visitor approa*+ by automobile sees x h\rs away1 & its gr[? ^u ! horizon z he approa*es is n 8 lea/ memorable exp]i5ce4 ,x has ! effect at a di/ance ( an enorm\s up-po9t+ f+] :i* has be5 amputat$ j bel[ ! middle jo9t4 ,:5 ne> en\gh to enable "o to di/+ui% ! upright flut+s =m$ by its closely jo9$ p5tagonal basaltic prisms1 ! illusion vani%es4 ,^!1 b5d+ inw>d f a fl>+ base1 /raight5 & become ne>ly p]p5dicul> z !y rise4 ,n[1 "o may fancy x ! /ump ( a tree m ?an a hundr$ feet 9 diamet] ^: top imag9ation sees pi]c+ ! l[ cl\ds4 ,b close by1 all similes become futile2 !n ! ,devil's ,t[] c be lik5$ to no?+ b itself4 ,?is column is ! core ( a volcanic =mation :i* d\btless once _h a consid]ably l>g] circumf]5ce4 ,at its base lies an imm5se talus ( brok5 columns :i* ! loos5+ fro/s & ! w9t] gales are con/antly increas+2 ! process has be5 go+ on = untold ?\s&s ( ye>s1 dur+ :i* ! s(t] rock ( ! surr\nd+ pla9s has be5 erod$ to its pres5t level4 ,"o may climb ! hill & ! talus4 ,! column itself _c be climb$ except by means ( special app>atus4 ,its top is ne>ly flat & elliptical1 ) a diamet] v>y+ f sixty to a hundr$ feet4 ,,p9nacles ,,national ,,monum5t ,illu/ration3 ,f a photograph by ,tibbitts ,,p9nacles ,,national ,,monum5t ,illu/ration3 ,f a photograph by ,n4,h4 ,d>ion ,,! ,,devil',s ,,t[] ,=ty miles z ! cr[ flies ea/ ( ,mont]ey1 ,cali=nia1 9 a spur ( ! l[ ,coa/ ,range1 is a region :i* erosion has c>v$ into _m fanta/ic %apes4 ,because ( its cr[d$ po9t$ rocks1 x has be5 set ap>t "u ! title ( ! ,p9nacles ,national ,monum5t4 ,= m ?an a c5tury & a qu>t] x 0 kn[n z ,vanc\v]'s ,p9nacles because ! great explor] visit$ x :ile 8 %ips lay at an*or 9 ,mont]ey ,bay1 & aft]w>d describ$ x 9 8 ,voyages & ,discov]ies4 ,x is un=tunate t ! hi/orical allusion 0 lo/ :5 x became a national res]vation4 ,two deep gorges1 bord]$ by fanta/ic walls six hundr$ to a ?\s& feet high1 & a broad semi-circul>1 fl[]-gr[n amphi!atre1 con/itute ! c5tral feature4 ,deep & n>r[ tribut>y gorges furni% _m ( ! curi\s & intricate =ms :i* = _m ye>s h made ! spot popul> among sightse]s4 ,rock masses h fall5 ^u ! side walls ( sev]al ( ^! less] gorges1 conv]t+ !m into picturesque w9d+ tunnels & *ang+ deep alcoves into caves :i* require c&les to see4 ,x is a region ( v unusual int]e/ & *>m4 ,,%o%one ,,cav]n ,,national ,,monum5t ,on ! way to ! ,yell[/one ,national ,p>k by way ( ! ,wyom+ entrance at ,cody1 & ?ree miles ea/ ( ! great ,%o%one ,dam1 a lime/one cave has be5 set ap>t "u ! title ( ! ,%o%one ,cav]n ,national ,monum5t4 ,! way 9 is r\gh & precipit\s &1 aft] ent]+ ! cave1 a desc5t by rope is necess>y to rea* ! *amb]s ( unusual beauty4 ,"o may !n j\rney = m ?an a mile ?r\gh gall]ies "s ( :i* are heavily incru/$ ) cry/als4 ,,lewis ,,& ,,cl>k ,,cav]n ,,national ,,monum5t ,approa*+ ! cre/ ( ! ,rockies on ! ,nor!rn ,pacific ,railroad1 ! ,lewis & ,cl>k ,cav]n is pass$ fifty miles be=e rea*+ ,butte4 ,its entrance is p]*$ ?irte5 hundr$ feet above ! broad valley ( ! ,jeff]son ,riv]1 :i* ! celebrat$ explor]s foll[$ on _! we/w>d j\rney2 x ov]looks fifty miles ( _! c\rse4 ,! cav]n1 :i* has ! usual *>act]i/ics ( a lime/one cave1 slopes %>ply back f its ma9 entrance1 foll[+ ! dip ( ! /rata4 ,"s ( its vaults are decorat$ 9 great spl5dor4 ,! depr$ations ( v&als 7 s damag+ t 9 #aiaf its entrance 0 clos$ by an iron gate4 ,?is cav]n is ! only memorial ( ! ,lewis & ,cl>k exp$ition 9 ! national p>ks sy/em2 !re is no record t ! explor]s ent]$ x or knew ( its exi/5ce4 ,two hundr$ & ?irty miles ea/ ( ! ,cav]n1 ,cl>k inscrib$ 8 "n & ! date1 ,july #be1 #ahjf1 ^u ! face ( a prom95t butte kn[n z ,pompey's ,pill>4 ,?is w\ld h be5 a f> m appropriate monum5t to ! mo/ important ( ,am]ican explorations ?an ! lime/one cave4 ,9 fact1 ! ,dep>tm5t ( ! ,int]ior once attempt$ to h x proclaim$ a national monum5t2 ! fact t x lay )9 an ,indian allotm5t prev5t$4 ,! entire c\rse ( ?is great exp$ition %\ld be m>k$ at significant po9ts by appropriate national monum5ts4 ,,w9d ,,cave ,,national ,,p>k ,9 ! s\?we/]n corn] ( ,s\? ,dakota1 on ! outskirts ( ! ,black ,hills1 is "o ( ! mo/ int]e/+ lime/one cav]ns ( ! c\ntry4 ,x 0 nam$ ,w9d ,cave because1 ) ! *anges ( temp]ature dur+ ! day1 /rong curr5ts ( w9d bl[ alt]nately into & out ( its m\?4 ,x has _m long passages & f9e *amb]s gorge\sly decorat$4 ,x is a popul> resort4 ,! ,unit$ ,/ates ,biological ,survey ma9ta9s a game-pres]ve4 ,,jewel ,,cave ,,national ,,monum5t ,nor?we/ ( ,w9d ,cave1 ?irte5 miles we/ & s\? ( ,cu/]1 ,s\? ,dakota boa/s ano!r lime/one cav]n ( peculi> beauty1 ?r\gh ^: entrance also ! w9d plays pranks4 ,x is call$ ,jewel ,cave because _m ( its cry/als are t9t$ 9 v>i\s colors1 (t5 v brilliantly4 ,"u tor*light ! effect is rem>kable4 ,connect+ *amb]s h be5 explor$ = m ?an ?ree miles1 & !re is mu* ( x yet unkn[n4 ,,oregon ,,caves ,,national ,,monum5t ,9 ! f> s\?we/]n corn] ( ,oregon1 ab\t ?irty miles s\? ( ,grant's ,pass1 ^u slopes ( coa/ m\nta9s & at an altitude ( f\r ?\s& feet1 is a gr\p ( l>ge lime/one caves :i* h be5 set ap>t by presid5tial proclamation "u ! title ( ! ,oregon ,caves ,national ,monum5t4 ,locally !y are bett] kn[n z ! ,m>ble ,halls ( ,oregon4 ,!re are two entrances at diff]5t levels1 ! passages & *amb]s foll[+ ! dip ( ! /rata4 ,a consid]able /ream1 ! outlet ( ! wat]s :i* dissolv$ ^! caves 9 ! solid lime/one1 passes ?r\gh4 ,! wall decorations1 &1 9 "s ( ! *amb]s1 ! /alagmites & /alactites1 are exce$+ly f9e4 ,! vaults & passages are unusually l>ge4 ,!re is "o *amb] tw5ty-five feet across ^: ceil+ is believ$ to be two hundr$ feet high4 ,,m\nt ,,olympus ,,national ,,monum5t ,= sixty miles or m ea/ & we/ across ! ,olympian ,p59sula1 :i* is ! =e/$ nor?we/]n corn] ( ,wa%+ton & ! ,unit$ ,/ates betwe5 ,puget ,s\nd & ! ,pacific ,ocean1 /ret* ! ,olympian ,m\nta9s4 ,! c\ntry is a rugg$ wild]ness ( tumbl$ ranges1 gr[n ) magnific5t =e/s above :i* rise sn[y & glaci]$ summits4 ,its climax is ,m\nt ,olympus1 eight ?\s& "o hundr$ feet 9 altitude1 ris+ ab\t tw5ty-five miles equidi/ant f ! ,/rait ( ,juan de ,fuca ^u ! nor? & ! ,pacific ,ocean ^u ! we/4 ,! entire p59sula is extremely wild4 ,x is skirt$ by a road along its ea/]n & "p ( its nor!rn edges1 connect+ ! wat]-front t[ns4 ,access to ! m\nta9 is by ardu\s trail4 ,! res]vation conta9s n9e hundr$ & fifty squ>e miles4 ,al?\gh possess+ unusual sc5ic beauty1 x 0 res]v$ = ! purpose ( protect+ ! ,olympic elk1 a species peculi> to ! region4 ,de] & o!r wild animals also are abundant4 ,,:eel] ,,national ,,monum5t ,high "u ! ,cont95tal ,divide 9 s\?we/]n ,colorado ne> ,cre$e1 a valley ( high altitude1 grotesquely erod$ 9 tufa1 rhyolite1 & o!r volcanic rock1 is nam$ ! ,:eel] ,national ,monum5t 9 honor ( ,capta9 ,george ,montague ,:eel]1 :o conduct$ geographical explorations betwe5 #ahfi & #ahgi4 ,its deep canyons are bord]$ by l(ty p9nacles ( rock4 ,x is believ$ t ,g5]al ,john ,c4 ,fremont "h met ! disa/] :i* drove back 8 explor+-p>ty ( #ahdh1 fragm5ts ( h>ness & camp equipm5t & skeletons ( mules hav+ be5 f\nd4 ,,v]5drye ,,national ,,monum5t ,! fir/ exploration ( ! nor!rn ,unit$ ,/ates ea/ ( ! ,rocky ,m\nta9s is commemorat$ by ! ,v]5drye ,national ,monum5t at ! ,old ,cross+ ( ! ,miss\ri ,riv] 9 ,nor? ,dakota4 ,"h rises ,cr[high ,butte1 on ! ,=t ,b]?old ,indian ,res]vation1 an em95ce comm&+ a wide view 9 e direction4 ,v]5drye1 ! celebrat$ ,fr5* explor]1 />t$ f ! nor? %ore ( ,lake ,sup]ior ab\t #agdj & pass$ we/w>d & s\?w>d into ! regions ( ! great pla9s4 ,he or 8 sons1 = ! records ( _! j\rneys are confus+1 pass$ we/w>d into ,montana along a c\rse :i* ,lewis & ,cl>k p>allel$ 9 #ahjf1 swung s\?w>d 9 ! neighborhood ( ,=t ,b5ton1 & skirt$ ! ,rockies ne>ly to ! middle ( ,wyom+1 pass+ )9 a c\ple ( hundr$ miles ( ! ,yell[/one ,national ,p>k4 ,cr[high ,butte is suppos$ to h giv5 ! ,v]5dryes _! fir/ ext5sive view ( ! upp] ,miss\ri4 ,! butte 0 long a l&m>k to guide e>ly settl]s to ,old ,cross+4 ,,sully',s ,,hill ,,national ,,p>k ,congress creat$ ! ,sully's ,hill ,national ,p>k 9 ,nor? ,dakota 9 #aijd 9 response to a local dem&4 ,its hills & mead[s con/itute a museum ( practically ! entire flora ( ! ,/ate4 ,! ,unit$ ,/ates ,biological ,survey ma9ta9s !re a wild-animal pres]ve = elk1 bison1 antelope1 & o!r animals repres5tative ( ! nor!rn pla9s4 ,,sitka ,,national ,,monum5t ,on ,b>an(f ,isl&1 ^u ! s\!a/]n %ore ( ,alaska1 is a res]vation kn[n z ! ,sitka ,national ,monum5t :i* commemorates an important episode 9 ! e>ly hi/ory ( ,alaska4 ,on ?is tract1 :i* lies )9 a mile ( ! /eamboat-l&+ at ,sitka1 =m]ly /ood ! village ( ! ,kik-,siti ,indians :o1 9 #ahjb1 attack$ ! settlem5t ( ,sitka & massacr$ ! ,russians :o _h e/abli%$ x4 ,two ye>s lat] ! ,russians "u ,b>an(f recov]$ ! settlem5t f ! ,indians1 contr>y to ! active opposition ( ,great ,brita91 & e/abli%$ ! title :i* !y aft]w>d transf]r$ to ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,graves ( "s ( ^? :o fell 9 ! lat] battle may be se54 ,! res]vation is also a f9e exhibit ( ! =e/ & flora ( ! ,alex&] ,ar*ipelago4 ,sixte5 totem-poles rema9 f ! old native days4 ,,old ,,kasaan ,,national ,,monum5t ,rema9s ( ! rapidly pass+ native life ( ! ,alex&] ,ar*ipelago on ! s\!a/ coa/ ( ,alaska are cons]v$ 9 ! ,old ,kasaan ,national ,monum5t on ! ea/ %ore ( ,pr9ce ( ,wales ,isl&4 ,! village ( ,old ,kasaan1 occupi$ = _m ye>s by ! ,hydah tribe & ab&on$ a decade or m ago1 conta9s sev]al community h\ses ( split timb]1 ea* ( :i* consi/s ( a s+le room ) a common fireplace 9 ! middle "u a smoke-hole 9 ! c5tre ( ! ro(4 ,c$> sleep+-boo?s1 ea* ! size ( an ord9>y piano-box1 are built ar\nd ! wall4 ,! monum5t also possesses fifty totem-poles1 c>v$ & ri*ly color$4 99 99 99 99 99 ,( ! ?irty-six national monum5ts1 tw5ty-f\r are adm9i/]$ by ! ,national ,p>ks ,s]vice1 t5 by ! ,dep>tm5t ( ,agriculture1 & two by ! ,w> ,dep>tm5t4 ,congress made ! assignm5ts to ! ,dep>tm5t ( ,agriculture on ! !ory t1 z ^! monum5ts occurr$ 9 =e/s1 !y c\ld be m *eaply adm9i/]$ by ! ,=e/ ,s]vice2 b1 z _m ( ! o!r monum5ts & ne>ly all ! national p>ks also occur 9 =e/s1 ! logic is n app>5t1 & ^! monum5ts suff] f disassociation ) ! impetus & ma*9]y ( ! ,national ,p>k ,s]vice4 ,! ,big ,hole ,battlefield ,national ,monum5t1 ab\t fifty-five miles s\?we/ ( ,butte1 ,montana1 0 assign$ to ! ,w> ,dep>tm5t because a battle took place !re 9 #ahgg betwe5 a small =ce ( ,unit$ ,/ates troops & a l>ge =ce ( ,indians4 ,illu/ration3 ,,map ,,( ,,yosemite ,,national ,,p>k1 ,,cali=nia ,illu/ration3 ,,propos$ ,,roosevelt ,,national ,,p>k ,,& ,,! ,,sequoia ,,& ,,g5]al ,,grant ,,national ,,p>ks1 ,,cali=nia ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,rocky ,,m\nta9 ,,national ,,p>k1 ,,colorado ,illu/ration3 ,,m\nt ,,ra9i] ,,national ,,p>k1 ,,wa%+ton ,illu/ration3 ,,crat] ,,lake ,,national ,,p>k1 ,,oregon ,illu/ration3 ,,yell[/one ,,national ,,p>k1 ,,wyom+ ,! propos$ ,jackson ,hole addition is enclos$ by a brok5 l9e s\? ( b\nd>y ,illu/ration3 ,,glaci] ,,national ,,p>k1 ,,montana ,illu/ration3 ,,mesa ,,v]de ,,national ,,p>k1 ,,colorado ,illu/ration3 ,,gr& ,,canyon ,,national ,,p>k1 ,,arizona ,illu/ration3 ,,zion ,,national ,,monum5t1 ,,utah