,transcrib]'s note3 ! plus 77 symbol is us$ 9 ?is etext to indicate bold$ text4 ,,! ,,new ,,!ology ,,by ,r4 ,j4 ,,campbell1 ,m4,a4 ,,m9i/] ,,( ,,! ,,city ,,temple1 ,,london ,new ,york ,,! ,,macmillan ,,company #aijg ,all rights res]v$ ,,copyright1 #aijg1 ,,by ,,! ,,macmillan ,,company4 ,set up & electrotyp$4 ,publi%$ ,m>*1 #aijg4 ,repr9t$ ,april1 #aijg4 ,,introduction ,?is book has be5 und]tak5 at ! reque/ ( a numb] ( my fri5ds :o feel t rec5t criticisms ( :at has come to be call$ ! ,new ,!ology ought to be dealt ) 9 "s compreh5sive & sy/ematic way4 ,) ?is sugge/ion my own judgm5t concurs1 b only s f> z my own pulpit tea*+ is conc]n$4 ,i _c pret5d to speak = anyone else1 & !re=e ?is monograph mu/ n be und]/ood z an au?oritative exposition ( ! views held & exp\nd$ by o!r prea*]s :o may be 9 sympa?y ) ! ,new ,!ology4 ,f its v nature1 z ,i hope ! foll[+ pages w %[1 ! ,new ,!ology _c be a cre$1 b its adh]5ts h a common /&po9t4 ,my only reason = call+ ?is book by t title is t a consid]able section ( ! public at pres5t p]si/s 9 reg>d+ me z 9 a special way ! expon5t ( x2 inde$ f ! correspond5ce :i* has be5 proce$+ 9 ! press x is evid5t t _m p cr$it me ) hav+ inv5t$ bo? ! "n & ! ?+4 ,x is ( little use object+ to ! "n1 = to all appe>ance x has come to /ay & is gradually acquir+ a m>k$ & def9ite cont5t4 ,s long z x is cle>ly und]/ood t ?is book is b an outl9e /atem5t ( my own p]sonal views1 ! title w d no h>m4 ,! controv]sy :i* is n yet ov] has be5 fruitful 9 misund]/&+s ( all k9ds1 & a great _m ( ! criticisms pass$ ^u my tea*+ h be5 :olly due to a mi/ak5 notion ( :at x really is4 ,9 s f> z any ( ^? criticisms h be5 direct$ aga9/ me p]sonally1 ,i h no?+ to say2 ,i hope ,i c leave my v9dication to ! judgm5t ( :atev] public may feel an int]e/ 9 my "w4 ,! be/ rejo9d] t c\ld be made to ! v>i\s criticisms ( ! tea*+ itself w\ld be to publi% !m side by side1 = !y neutralise "o ano!r mo/ effectually4 ,b a bett] & m useful ?+ to d is to let ! public "k j :at ! tea*+ is & leave x to ! te/ ( "t4 ,i d n greatly object to hav+ x describ$ z new4 ,! fundam5tal pr9ciple ( ! ,new ,!ology is z old z religion1 b ,i am q will+ to admit t 9 its all-r\nd application to ! conditions ( mod]n life x is new4 ,i d n see :y a man %\ld be a%am$ ( confess+ t he does 8 own ?9k+ in/ead ( lett+ o!r p d x = him4 ,?is book1 !n1 is n ! au?or's ,apologia pro ,vita ,sua4 ,x is int5d$ z a concise /atem5t ( ! outl9es ( ! tea*+ giv5 f ! ,city ,temple pulpit4 ,x is nei!r a reply to sep>ate criticisms nor an ex ca!dra utt]ance4 ,i ?9k ,i am usually able to say :at ,i mean1 & 9 ! foll[+ pages my object is to say :at ,i mean 9 su* a way t ev]yone c und]/&4 ,,cont5ts ,,*apt] ,i4 ,,! ,,"n ,,& ,,! ,,situation ,,ii4 ,,god ,,& ,,! ,,univ]se ,,iii4 ,,man ,,9 ,,relation ,,to ,,god ,,iv4 ,,! ,,nature ,,( ,,evil ,,vi4 ,,! ,,et]nal ,,*ri/ ,,vii4 ,,! ,,inc>nation ,,( ,,! ,,son ,,( ,,god ,,viii4 ,,! ,,atonem5t4--,i4 ,,association ,,( ,,! ,,doctr9e ,,) ,,jesus ,,ix4 ,,! ,,atonem5t4--,,ii4 ,,semitic ,,ideas ,,( ,,atonem5t ,x4 ,,! ,,atonem5t4--,,iii4 ,,! ,,doctr9e ,,9 ,,*ri/ian ,,hi/ory ,,& ,,exp]i5ce ,,xi4 ,,! ,,au?ority ,,( ,,scripture ,,xii4 ,,salvation1 ,,judgm5t1 ,,& ,,! ,,life ,,to ,,come ,,xiii4 ,,! ,,*ur* ,,& ,,! ,,k+dom ,,( ,,god ,,xiv4 ,,conclusion ,,! ,,new ,,!ology ,,*apt] ,i ,,! ,,"n ,,& ,,! ,,situation ,religion & ,!ology4--,religion is "o ?+ & !ology ano!r1 b religion is nev] f\nd ap>t f a !ology ( "s k9d1 = !ology is ! intellectual articulation ( religi\s exp]i5ce4 ,e man :o has any?+ wor?y to be call$ a religi\s exp]i5ce has also a !ology2 he _c help x4 ,no soon] does he attempt to und]/& or express 8 exp]i5ce ( ! relations ( ,god & ! s\l ?an he f9ds himself 9 possession ( a !ology4 ,! religi\s exp]i5ce may be a v good "o & ! !ology a v bad "o1 b /ill religion & !ology are necess>y to ea* o!r1 & x is a man's duty to try to make 8 !ology z ne>ly z possible an adequate & wor?y expression ( 8 religion4 ,he w nev] succe$ 9 do+ ?is 9 a p]man5t fa%ion1 = ! cont5t ( religi\s exp]i5ce is1 or %\ld be1 great] ?an any =m ( /atem5t4 ,b !ology is ev]yone's bus9ess4 ,we _c af=d to leave x to exp]ts or refra9 f =m+ our own judgm5t ^u ! pron\ncem5ts ( exp]ts4 ,to speak ( !ology z ?\gh x _h an esot]ic & an exot]ic side1 "o = ! man 9 ! /udy & ! o!r = ! man 9 ! _w1 is a practical h]esy ( a mo/ dang]\s k9d4 ,nei!r %\ld !ology be conf\nd$ ) ecclesia/icism4 ,x is my conviction t ! battle ) ecclesia/icism has long s9ce be5 decid$1 & civilisation has no?+ to fe> f ! (ficial prie/4 ,^? :o sp5d _! "t 9 prote/+ aga9/ sac]dotal pret5sions are only beat+ ! air--,we %all nev] g to ,canossa1 z ,bism>ck said4 ,no1 ! real dang] to spiritual religion1 & !re=e to ! imm$iate future ( mank9d 9 e dep>tm5t ( ?\ght & action1 arises f practical mat]ialism on ! "o h& & an antiquat$ dogmatic !ology on ! o!r4 ,i hope x w be und]/ood by read]s ( ^! pages t 9 any ref]5ces ,i may make to dogmatic !ology ,i am pass+ no reflection ^u ! sci5tific !ologian ^: "w is be+ done 9 ! field ( hi/orical criticism or ar*aeology or any ( ! dep>tm5ts ( sci5tific rese>* into ! subject-matt] ( religion4 ,mo/ ( my read]s w und]/& q well :at ,i mean4 ,ev]yone kn[s t1 broadly speak+1 c]ta9 ways ( /at+ ,*ri/ian tru? are tak5 = grant$ bo? 9 pulpit & pew2 ! popul> or g5]ally accept$ !ology ( all ! *ur*es ( ,*ri/5dom1 ,ca?olic & ,prote/ant alike1 is fundam5tally ! same1 & someh[ ! mod]n m9d has come to di/ru/ x4 ,!re is a curi\s want ( h>mony betwe5 our ord9>y views ( life & our conv5tional religi\s beliefs4 ,we live our lives ^u "o set ( assumptions dur+ six days ( ! week & a q diff]5t set on ,sunday & 9 *ur*4 ,! av]age man feels ?is )\t p]haps q realis+ :at is ! matt]4 ,all he kn[s is t ! propositions he has be5 taught to reg>d z a full & p]fect /atem5t ( ,*ri/ianity h little or no?+ to d ) 8 ev]yday exp]i5ce2 !y seem to belong to a diff]5t _w4 ,he does n "k h[ comp>atively mod]n ?is popul> pres5tation ( ,*ri/ianity is4 ,:at is want$ !re=e is a re/atem5t ( ! ess5tial tru? ( ! ,*ri/ian religion 9 t]ms ( ! mod]n m9d4 ,! ,new ,!ology & ! ,imman5ce ( ,god4--,:]e or :5 ! "n ,new ,!ology arose ,i d n "k1 b x has be5 9 exi/5ce = at lea/ "o g5]ation4 ,x is nei!r ( my inv5tion nor ( my *oice4 ,x has long be5 9 use bo? 9 ?is c\ntry & 9 ,am]ica to indicate ! attitude ( ^? :o believe t ! fundam5tals ( ! ,*ri/ian fai? ne$ to be re>ticulat$ 9 t]ms ( ! imman5ce ( ,god4 ,^? :o take ?is view d n hold t !re is any ne$ = a new religion1 b t ! =ms 9 :i* ! religion ( ,jesus is commonly pres5t$ are inadequate & mislead+4 ,:at is want$ is fre%ness & simplicity ( /atem5t4 ,! ,new ,!ology is n new except 9 ! s5se t x seeks to sub/itute simplicity = complexity & to get d[n to moral values 9 its use ( religi\s t]ms4 ,our objection is n s mu* to ! v5]able cre$s ( ,*ri/5dom z to ! ord9>y int]pretations ( ^? cre$s4 ,&1 cre$s or no cre$s1 we hold t ! religi\s exp]i5ce :i* came to ! _w 9 ,jesus ( ,naz>e? is en\gh = all our ne$s1 & only requires to be fre$ f limit+ /atem5ts 9 ord] to lay firm hold once m ^u ! civilis$ _w4 ,! ,new ,!ology is an untrammell$ return to ! ,*ri/ian s\rces 9 ! light ( mod]n ?\ght4 ,its />t+ po9t is a re-emphasis ( ! ,*ri/ian belief 9 ! div9e imman5ce 9 ! univ]se & 9 mank9d4 ,?is doctr9e is c]ta9ly n new1 b x requires to be plac$ effectively 9 ! =egr\nd ( ,*ri/ian prea*+4 ,9 ! imm$iate pa/ ! doctr9e ( ! div9e transc5d5ce--t is1 ! obvi\s tru? t ! inf9ite be+ ( ,god mu/ transc5d ! inf9ite univ]se--has be5 pres5t$ 9 su* a way z to am\nt to a practical dualism1 & to lead m5 to ?9k ( ,god z above & ap>t f ,8 _w in/ead ( express+ ,himself ?r\gh ,8 _w4 ,i repeat t ?is dualism is practical1 n !oretical1 b t x exi/s is pla9 en\gh f su* /atem5ts z t ( ! pres5t-day !ologian :o speaks ( ,god's et]nal em95ce1 & ,8 desc5t on a creat$ _w4 ,?is k9d ( !ologis+ leads /raight to ! conclusion t ,god is to all int5ts & purposes q di/9ct f ,8 creation1 al?\gh ,he possesses a full & accurate k ( all t goes on 9 x & res]ves to ,himself ! "r to int]f]e4 ,9 :at s5se language l ?is leaves room = ! div9e imman5ce x is difficult to see4 ,! ,new ,!ology holds t we "k no?+ & c "k no?+ ( ! ,inf9ite ,cause :5ce all ?+s proce$ except z we read ,him 9 ,8 univ]se & 9 our own s\ls4 ,x is ! imman5t ,god ) :om we h to d1 & if ?is obvi\s fact is once firmly grasp$ x w simplify all our religi\s conceptions & give u a work+ fai?4 ,! decl9e ( organis$ ,*ri/ianity4--,= a g5]ation or m 9 e "p ( ,*ri/5dom !re has be5 a /eady drift away f organis$ religion z repres5t$ by ! *ur*es1 & ! "q is be+ s]i\sly ask$ :e!r ,*ri/ianity c mu* long] hold its own4 ,prote/ant controv]siali/s frequ5tly draw att5tion to ! decl9e ( *ur*-go+ 9 ,lat9 c\ntries z evid5ce ( ! decay ( sac]dotalism1 p>ticul>ly 9 ! *ur* ( ,rome4 ,b outside ,lat9 c\ntries x is n "o :it m noticeable 9 ! *ur* ( ,rome ?an 9 any o!r *ur*4 ,! masses ( ! p on ! "o h& & ! cultur$ classes on ! o!r are becom+ increas+ly ali5at$ f ! religion ( ! *ur*es4 ,a ,london daily pap] made a religi\s c5sus "s ye>s ago & demon/rat$ t ab\t "o-fif? ( ! population ( ! metropolis att5d$ public wor%ip1 & ?is 0 a g5]\s e/imate4 ,wom51 :o are m emotional1 m rev]5t1 & m am5able to ext]nal au?ority ?an m51 usually =m ! majority ( ! wor%ipp]s at an ord9>y s]vice4 ,mr4 ,*>les ,boo? 9 8 great "w on ! ,life & ,lab\r ( ! ,p 9 ,london ass]ts t ! *ur*es are practically )\t influ5ce ( any k9d on ! communal life4 ,?is ,i believe to be an exagg]ation1 b x w h>dly be d5i$ t ! av]age work+1 bus9ess1 or pr(essional man looks ^u ! *ur*es almo/ ) indiff]5ce4 ,9 _m cases ?is indiff]5ce passes into ho/ility or contempt4 ,intellig5t m5 take little notice ( prea*]s & s]mons1 & ! !ologically-m9d$ layman is su* a r>ity z to be notewor?y4 ,mo/ significant ( all1 p]haps1 is ! fact t mu* ( ! moral e>ne/ness ( ! nation & ( social r$emptive ef=t exi/s outside ! *ur*es altoge!r4 ,i am well aw>e t !re is a great deal ( sn>l+ criticism ( ! *ur*es :i* spr+s f selfi% mat]ialism1 & ,i gladly recognise t 9 almo/ any ord9>y *ur* to-day brave & self-d5y+ "w is be+ done = ! common good1 b ?is does n invalidate my g5]al /atem5t4 ,! pla91 bald fact rema9s t ! *ur*es z su* are c\nt+ = less & less 9 civilisation 9 g5]al & our own nation 9 p>ticul>4 ,"o ( ! able/ ( our ris+ "y memb]s ( ,p>liam5t1 a man ( /rong religi\s convictions & social sympa?ies1 rec5tly decl>$ t we 7 witness+ ! melan*oly spectacle ( a :ole civilisation break+ away f ! fai? out ( :i* x grew4 ,to be sure1 ! same ?+ has be5 said be=e & has prov$ to be wrong4 ,x 0 said 9 ! eighte5? c5tury :5 m5 ) some?+ ( ! prophet's fire 9 !m prea*$ ! gospel ( ! ,rights ( ,man1 decl>+ at ! same "t t in/itutional religion 0 at an end1 utt]ly discr$it$1 & impossible ( acceptance by any intellig5t be+4 ,9 ,france dur+ ! ,revolution ! populace turn$ frantically ^u ! e/abli%$ fai?1 tore x to %r$s1 burlesqu$ x1 & set up ! wor%ip ( ! ,goddess ( ,reason1 z !y call$ x1 typifi$ by a ,p>isian h>lot4 ,9 ,engl& a devitalis$ ,deism laid its *illy h& n only ^u ! _w ( s*ol>s & m5 ( lett]s1 b ev5 ^u ! *ur*4 ,an ,engli% k+ is report$ to h said t half 8 bi%ops 7 a!i/s4 ,& yet1 someh[1 religion reass]t$ itself all ov] ! civilis$ _w4 ,napoleon ) %rewd insight realis$ t ! p c\ld n d )\t x1 & s effect$ ! ,concordat ) ,rome :i* has n[ be5 dissolv$2 ,wesley began ! movem5t 9 ,engl& :i* has s9ce creat$ ! l>ge/ ,prote/ant d5om9ation 9 ! _w2 ,g]many produc$ a succession ( great prea*]s & s*ol>s ! l ( :om _h h>dly ev] be5 kn[n 9 ,europe be=e4 ,w religi\s fai? rega9 its p[]8--,w ?is happ5 aga98 ,= assur$ly ,*ri/ianity has = ! mom5t lo/ its hold4 ,c x recov] x8 ,i am sure x c1 if only because ! moral movem5ts ( ! age1 su* z ! great lab\r movem5t1 are 9 reality ! expression ( ! ,*ri/ian _s1 & only ne$ to recognise !mselves z su* 9 ord] to become irresi/ible4 ,! waggon ( socialism ne$s to be hit*$ to ! /> ( religi\s fai?4 ,b h ! *ur*es spiritual en]gy en\gh to recov] _! lo/ position8 ,t dep5ds ^u !mselves4 ,if !y cons5t to be b\nd by dogmatic /atem5ts inh]it$ f ! pa/1 !y are doom$4 ,! _w is n li/5+ to !ologians to-day4 ,!y h no message = x4 ,!y are on ! p]iph]y1 n at ! c5tre ( ?+s4 ,! great roll+ riv] ( ?\ght & action is pass+ !m by4 ,sci5tific s*ol>%ip appli$ to ! /udy ( ,*ri/ian orig9s is extremely valuable1 b ! def5d] ( sy/ems ( belief c\*$ 9 ! language ( a by-gone age is an ana*ronism & ! soon] we %ake ourselves free ( him ! bett]4 ,! greate/ ( all ! causes ( ! drift f ! *ur*es is ! fact t ,*ri/ian tru? has become associat$ 9 ! popul> m9d ) c]ta9 =ms ( /atem5t :i* ?\ghtful m5 f9d x impossible to accept n only on intellectual b ev5 on moral gr\nds4 ,c]ta9 dogmatic beliefs1 = example1 ab\t ! ,fall1 ! scriptural basis ( revelation1 ! blood-atonem5t1 ! mean+ ( salvation1 ! puni%m5t ( s91 heav5 & hell1 are n only mislead+ b une?ical4 ,:at s5sible man really believes 9 ^! notions z popul>ly assum$ & pres5t$1 & :at h !y to d ) ,*ri/ianity8 ,!y d n squ>e ) ! facts ( life1 mu* less d !y int]pret life4 ,!y g /raight 9 ! tee? ( ! sci5tific me?od1 :i*1 ev5 :]e ! ,*ri/ian facts are conc]n$1 is ! only me?od :i* c>ries weight ) ! mod]n m9d4 ,! consequ5ce is t religion has come to be ?\ght ( z some?+ ap>t f ord9>y ev]yday life1 a matt] ( *ur*es1 cre$s1 & ,bible read+s1 in/ead ( :at x really is1--! cord9at+ pr9ciple ( all our activities4 ,to put ! matt] 9 a nut%ell1--popul> ,*ri/ianity 7or r pulpit & !ological college ,*ri/ianity7 does n int]pret life4 ,consequ5tly ! great _w ( ?\ght & action is ceas+ to tr\ble ab\t x4 ,!ologians & prea*]s r>ely realise ! situation4--,"o w\ld ?9k t ! m5 ^: bus9ess x is to tea* religi\s tru? w\ld see ?is & ask !mselves ! reason :y4 ,to an ext5t !y d see x1 b !y nev] seem to ?9k ( blam+ !mselves = x except 9 a p]functory k9d ( way4 ,!y talk ab\t religi\s indiff]5ce1 ! ne$ = bett] & m effective me?ods1 & s on4 ,! pr(essional !ologian r>ely does ev5 z mu* z ?is4 ,he takes himself v s]i\sly2 sniffs & sne]s at any sugge/ion ( deviation f ! accept$ /&>ds2 m\nts "s d5om9ational *air or o!r & ?und]s =? 8 view ( ! urg5t necessity = rehabilitat+ tru? 9 ! grave-clo!s ( long-buri$ =mulas4 ,i mean t ! language he habitually uses implies "s k9d ( belief 9 =mulas he no long] holds4 ,he h>dly d>es to dis9t] ! =mulas !mselves1--t w\ld n be conv5i5t ev5 = him1--b he goes on flapp+ ! %r\d z en]getically z ev]1 & ! _w does n ev5 take ! tr\ble to laugh4 ,:]ev] & :5ev] religi\s ag5cies succe$ x is r>ely because ( ! driv+ p[] ( :at is prea*$1 b because ! prea*]'s gospel is gloss$ ov] or put 9 ! backgr\nd4 ,we h popul> s]vices by ! million 9 :i* devices are us$ to attract ! public :i* ought n to be necess>y if _! fram]s _h any real message to decl>e4 ,b !y h n4 ,popul> pulpit addresses r>ely or nev] deal ) ! fundam5tal problems ( life4 ,! la/ ?+ "o ev] expects to he> 9 su* addresses is a real liv+ repres5tation ( ! beliefs ! prea*] pr(esses to hold4 ,he makes pass+ allusions to !m1 ( c\rse1 su* z appeals to come to ! cross1 & su* l1 b !y g5]ally s\nd unreal1 & ! pill has to be sweetly sug>$4 ,! ord9>y way ( prea*+ ! gospel is to avoid say+ mu* ab\t :at ! prea*] believes ! gospel to be4 ,to be sure !re are _m social activities 9 connection ) ,*ri/ian *ur*es4 ,if x 7 n = ^! ! *ur*es w\ld h to be %ut up4 ,!y are q admirable 9 _! way1 & (t5 produce excell5t results1 b !y imply ano!r gospel ?an ! "o suppos$ to be prea*$ f ! pulpits4 ,!y ignore dogmatic beliefs1 & assume ! salvability ( ! :ole race & ! possibility ( realis+ ! k+dom ( ,god on e>?4 ,:]ev] ! *ur*es are alive to-day1 & n m]ely /ruggl+ to keep _! heads above wat]1 x is n _! doctr9e b _! non-!ological human sympa?y t is do+ x4 ,?is1 !n1 is ! situation4 ,! ma9 /ream ( mod]n life is pass+ organis$ religion by4 ,:]e is ! rem$y to be f\nd8 ,we seek to save religion r ?an ! ,*ur*es4--,let me say pla9ly t ,i d n ?9k our object %\ld be to f9d a rem$y :i* w save ! *ur*es4 ,t w\ld be putt+ ! c>t be=e ! horse4 ,:at is want$ is a driv+ =ce :i* w enable ! *ur*es to fulfil _! true mission ( sav+ ! _w1 or1 to put x bett] /ill1 w s]ve to br+ mank9d back to real liv+ fai? 9 ,god & ! spiritual mean+ ( life4 ,h>dly anyone w\ld s]i\sly d5y t ! _w is wait+ = ?is4 ,m5 are n irreligi\s4 ,on ! contr>y !re is no subject ( su* g5]al int]e/ z religion2 x takes prec$5ce ( all o!r subjects j because all o!r subjects are impli$ 9 x4 ,religion is man's response to ! call ( ! univ]se2 x is ! s\l turn+ t[>ds its s\rce & goal4 ,h[ c\ld x fail to be ( absorb+ int]e/8 ,:at is want$ is a message *>g$ ) spiritual p[]1 ,:]e !re is no vision ! p p]i%4 ,m]e dogmatic ass]tions w n d4 ,! ^w ( ,god is to be kn[n f ! fact t x illum9ates life & appeals to ! deepe/ & true/ 9 ! s\l ( man4 ,t message is "h n[4 ,x is be+ prea*$1 n by "o man only1 b ! wide _w ov]4 ,god has spok51 & woe betide ! *ur*es if !y w n he>4 ,religion is necess>y to mank9d1 b *ur*es are n4 ,f e qu>t] ( ,*ri/5dom a new _s ( hope & confid5ce is ris+1 born ( a conviction t all t is human is ! evid5ce ( ,god1 & t ,jesus held ! key to ! riddle ( exi/5ce4 ,al?\gh ?is comes to u z ) ! fre%ness ( a new revelation1 x is n really new4 ,x is ! _s :i* has be5 ! inspiration ( e great religi\s awak5+ s9ce ! _w began4 ,9 ?is c\ntry & 9 o!r p>ts ( ! ,engli%-speak+ _w t _s is becom+ associat$ ) ! "n ! ,new ,!ology4 ,to associate x ) any "o p]sonality is to belittle ! subject & to obscure its real significance4 ,!re are _m brave & good m5 9 ! *ur*es & outside ! *ur*es to-day1 m5 ( true prophetic _s1 :o w\ld reject utt]ly ! "n ,new ,!ology1 b :o are ?or\ghly imbu$ ) ?is new-old _s & are lead+ mank9d t[>d ! light4 ,9 ! *ur* ( ,rome ! movem5t is typifi$ by m5 l ,fa!r ,tyrrell1 ^: tea*+ has l$ to 8 expulsion f ! ,jesuit ord]1 b n1 s f>1 f ! prie/hood4 ,! pres5t condition ( ! *ur* ( ,rome is n unhopeful to ^? :o believe z ,i d t t v5]able *ur* has be5 us$ ( ,god to great ends 9 ! pa/ & t h] spiritual vitality is by no means exhau/$4 ,fa!r ,tyrrell & su* z he are ne>] 9 _s to ! ,new ,!ology m5 ?an are ! latt] to ^? ,prote/ants :o p9 _! fai? to ext]nal /&>ds ( belief4 ,x is a curi\s b indisputable fact t ! mo/ extreme anti-,romani/ ,prote/ants are !mselves 9 ! same boat ) ,rome3 !y insi/ on ! absolute necessity = ext]nal au?ority 9 matt]s ( belief & are unwill+ to tru/ ! individual s\l to recognise tru? z x comes4 ,9 all ! *ur*es ^? :o believe 9 ! religion ( ! ,_s %\ld recognise "o ano!r z bro!rs4 ,9 ! *ur* ( ,engl& a l>ge & increas+ b& ( m5 are look+ 9 ?is direction & are mak+ _! influ5ce felt4 ,( ^! p]haps ! mo/ out/&+ is ,ar*deacon ,wilb]=ce1 b he is by no means alone4 ,a movem5t has begun 9 ! ,lu!ran *ur*4 ,x has exi/$ = a long "t 9 ,fr5* ,prote/antism z repres5t$ by ! late ,augu/e ,sabati] & 8 fri5d ,rville4 ,9 ! congregational & o!r evangelical *ur*es ( ,engl& & ,am]ica ! same attitude is be+ tak5 by _m :o are n ev5 aw>e t ! "n ,new ,!ology is be+ appli$ to x4 ,9 ?is c\ntry ! movem5t 9 ! free *ur*es is typifi$ by m5 l ! ,rev4 ,t4 ,rhondda ,williams ( ,brad=d4 ,!re are _m ,unit>ians :o are prea*+ x2 inde$1 !re are "s :o w\ld ass]t t ! ,new ,!ology is only ,unit>ianism "u ano!r "n4 ,b1 z ,i %all hope to %[1 ?is is v f> f be+ ! case4 ,x may or may n be pr(ess$ by expon5ts ( ,unit>ianism1 b x is n a surr5d] to ,unit>ianism4 ,! ,new ,!ology is spiritual socialism4--,! great social movem5t :i* is n[ tak+ place 9 e c\ntry ( ! civilis$ _w t[>d univ]sal peace & bro!rhood & a bett] & fair] di/ribution ( weal? is really ! same movem5t z t :i* 9 ! m di/9ctively religi\s sph]e is com+ to be call$ ! ,new ,!ology4 ,?is fact ne$s to be realis$ & br\ght out4 ,! ,new ,!ology is ! gospel ( ! k+dom ( ,god4 ,nei!r socialism nor any o!r economic sy/em w p]man5tly save & lift mank9d )\t def9itely recognis$ spiritual sanctions1 t is1 x mu/ be a religion4 ,! ,new ,!ology is b ! religi\s articulation ( ! social movem5t4 ,! ^w !ology is almo/ a misnom]2 x is ess5tially a moral & spiritual movem5t1 ! recognition t we are at ! beg9n+ ( a great religi\s & e?ical awak5+1 ! ultimate results ( :i* no man c completely =esee4 ,& also ! religion ( sci5ce4--,aga91 ! ,new ,!ology is ! religion ( sci5ce4 ,x is ! d5ial t !re is1 or ev] has be51 or ev] c be1 any dissonance betwe5 sci5ce & religion2 x is ! recognition t ^u ! f\ndations laid by mod]n sci5ce a va/] & nobl] fabric ( fai? is ris+ ?an t _w has ev] be=e kn[n4 ,sci5ce is supply+ ! facts :i* ! ,new ,!ology is weav+ into ! texture ( religi\s exp]i5ce4 ,,*apt] ,,ii ,,god ,,& ,,! ,,univ]se ,:at religion is4--,all religion beg9s 9 cosmic emotion4 ,x is ! recognition ( an ess5tial relation%ip betwe5 ! human s\l & ! great :ole ( ?+s ( :i* x is ! outcome & expression4 ,! my/]i\s univ]se is always call+1 &1 9 "s =m or o!r1 we are always answ]+4 ,! arti/ answ]s by try+ to express 8 feel+ ( its beauty2 ! sci5ti/ answ]s by recognis+ its laws & unfold+ its wond]s2 ! social re=m] answ]s by 8 self-d5y+ lab\rs = ! common good4 ,9 ea* & e case !re is 9 ! backgr\nd ( exp]i5ce a conviction t ! unit is ! in/rum5t ( ! ,all2 religion is impli$ 9 ^! z 9 all o!r activities 9 :i* man aims at a high]-?an-self4 ,b religion1 prop]ly s-call$1 beg9s :5 ! s\l consci\sly ent]s ^u communion ) ?is high]-?an-self z ) an all-compreh5d+ intellig5ce2 x is ! s\l in/9ctively turn+ t[>d its s\rce & goal4 ,religion may assume a great _m diff]5t & ev5 repell5t =ms1 b at bottom ?is is :at x always is3 x is ! s\l rea*+ =? to ! great my/]i\s :ole ( ?+s1 ! high]-?an-self1 & seek+ = clos] & ev] clos] communion !re)4 ,! savage ) 8 totem & ! ,*ri/ian sa9t be=e ! alt> h ?is 9 common3 !y are rea*+ ?r\gh ! ?+s t are se5 to ! reality beyond4 ,:at ! ^w ,god means4--,b :at "n are we to give to ?is high]-?an-self ^: pres5ce is s unescapable8 ,! "n matt]s comp>atively little1 b x includes all t ! ord9>y ,*ri/ian means by ,god4 ,! ^w ,god /&s = _m ?+s1 b to pres5t-day ?\ght x mu/ /& = ! un-caus$ ,cause ( all exi/5ce1 ! unit>y pr9ciple impli$ 9 all multiplicity4 ,ev]yone ( necessity believes 9 ?is4 ,x is impossible to def9e ! t]m completely1 = to def9e is necess>ily to limit1 & we are ?9k+ ( ! illimitable4 ,b we ought to und]/& cle>ly t to disbelieve 9 ,god is an impossibility2 ev]yone believes 9 ,god if he believes 9 8 own exi/5ce4 ,! blanke/ mat]iali/ t ev] liv$1 :oev] he may h be51 mu/ h affirm$ ,god ev5 9 ! act ( d5y+ ,him4 ,pr(essor ,haeckel decl>es 8 belief 9 ,god on e page ( 8 ,riddle ( ! ,univ]se1 ! fam\s book 9 :i* he says t ,god1 ,fre$om1 & ,immortality are ! ?ree great buttresses ( sup]/ition1 :i* sci5ce mu/ make x h] bus9ess to de/roy4 ,s f> sci5ce has only succe$$ 9 giv+ u a va/]1 gr&] conception ( ,god by giv+ u a va/]1 gr&] conception ( ! univ]se 9 :i* we live4 ,:5 ,i say ,god1 ,i mean ! my/]i\s ,p[] :i* is f9d+ expression 9 ! univ]se1 & :i* is pres5t 9 e t9ie/ atom ( ! wondr\s :ole4 ,i f9d t ?is ,p[] is ! "o reality ,i _c get away f1 =1 :atev] else x may be1 x is myself4 ,!ologians w tell me t ,i h tak5 a prodigi\s leap 9 say+ ?is1 b ,i _c help x4 ,h[ c !re be any?+ 9 ! univ]se outside ( ,god8 ,:atev] di/9ctions ( be+ !re may be )9 ! univ]se x is surely cle> t !y mu/ all be transc5d$ & compreh5d$ )9 inf9ity4 ,!re _c be two inf9ities1 nor c !re be an inf9ite & also a f9ite beyond x4 ,:at inf9ity may be we h no means ( kn[+4 ,"h ! mo/ dev\t ,*ri/ian is j z mu* ( an agno/ic z ,pr(essor ,huxley2 we c pr$icate no?+ ) confid5ce conc]n+ ! all-compreh5d+ unity :]e9 we live & move & h our be+1 save & except z we see x manife/$ 9 t "p ( our univ]se :i* lies op5 to u4 ,"o w\ld ?9k t ?is 7 s obvi\s z to ne$ no demon/ration4 ,b h[ d ord9>y *ur*-go+ ,*ri/ians talk ab\t ,god8 ,!y talk z ?\gh ,he 7 7practically7 a f9ite be+ /ation$ some:]e above & beyond ! univ]se1 wat*+ & worry+ ov] o!r & less] f9ite be+s1 to wit1 ourselves4 ,accord+ to ! receiv$ phraseology ?is ,god is greatly bo!r$ & ?w>t$ by :at m5 h be5 do+ ?r\gh\t ! few mill5niums ( human exi/5ce4 ,he takes ! :ole ?+ v s]i\sly1 & ?9ks ab\t little else ?an gett+ wayw>d humanity into l9e aga94 ,to ?is end ,he has adopt$ v>i\s exp$i5ts1 ! *ief ( :i* 0 ! s5d+ ( ,8 only begott5 ,son to suff] & die 9 ord] t ,he might be free to =give ! tr\ble we _h caus$ ,him4 ,i hope no read] ( ^! words w ?9k ,i am mak+ light ( a sacr$ subject2 ,i nev] 0 m s]i\s 9 my life4 ,:at ,i am try+ to %[ is t1 r$uc$ to its simple/ t]ms1 ! accept$ !ology ( ! *ur*es to-day is pitiably inadequate z an explanation ( our relation%ip to ?is great & my/]i\s univ]se4 ,!re is a beautiful spiritual tru? und]nea? e v5]able article ( ! ,*ri/ian fai?1 b z popul>ly pres5t$ ?is tru? has become s di/ort$ z to be falsehood4 ,x n>r[s religion & belittles ,god4 ,x is di%on\r+ to human nature1 & is absolutely ludicr\s z an int]pretation ( ! cosmic process4 ,( c\rse1 ! dogmatic !ologian w ma9ta9 t ?is is a c>icature ( ! way 9 :i* ! relation%ip ( ,god to ! _w is set =? 9 religi\s treatises & f ! ,*ri/ian pulpit4 ,b is x8 ,i ?9k ,i c appeal ) confid5ce to ! ?\ghtful man :o has giv5 up go+ to *ur* z to :e!r x is or n4 ,! ,god ( ! ord9>y *ur*-go]1 & ( ! man :o is suppos$ to tea* him f /udy & pulpit1 is an antiquat$ ,!ologian :o made ,8 univ]se s badly t x w5t wrong 9 spite ( ,him & has rema9$ wrong ev] s9ce4 ,:y ,he %\ld ev] h creat$ x is n cle>4 ,:y ,he %\ld be ! injur$ p>ty 9 all ! mis]ies t h ensu$ is /ill less cle>4 ,! poor crippl$ *ild :o has be5 maim$ by a fall+ rock1 & ! :ite-fac$ mat*-box mak] :o works eighte5 h\rs out ( ! tw5ty-f\r to keep body & s\l toge!r h surely "s sort ( a claim ^u ,god ap>t f be+ mis]able s9n]s :o mu/ acc\nt !mselves =tunate to be =giv5 = ,*ri/'s sake4 ,faugh6 x is all s unreal & s /upid4 ,?is k9d ( ,god is no ,god at all4 ,! !ologian may call ,him inf9ite1 b 9 practice ,he is f9ite4 ,he may call ,him a ,god ( love1 b 9 practice ,he is spiteful & silly4 ,i %all h some?+ to say pres5tly ab\t ! tw9 problems ( pa9 & evil2 b :at s-call$ or?odoxy has to say is n only no solution ( !m1 x is demon/rably false to ! religion ( ,jesus4 ,e man believes 9 ,god4--,= ! mom5t :at ,i want to make cle> is ?is4 ,no man %\ld refuse to ass]t 8 belief 9 ,god because he _c br+ himself to believe 9 ! ,god ( ! typical !ologian4 ,rememb] t ! real ,god is ! ,god express$ 9 ! univ]se & 9 y\rself4 ,! "q is n :e!r y %all believe 9 ,god1 b h[ mu* y c believe ab\t ,him4 ,y may ?9k ) ,haeckel t ! univ]se is ! outcome ( ! =tuit\s int]action ( mat]ial =ces )\t consci\sness & def9ite purpose beh9d !m1 or y may believe t ! cosmos is ! product ( intellig5ce & means int5sely & means good1 b y _c help believ+ 9 ,god1 ! ,p[] reveal$ 9 x4 ,z ,i write ^! words ,i am seat$ be=e a w9d[ ov]look+ ! heav+ wa/e ( wat]s on a rock-b\nd ,corni% coa/4 ,x is a /ormy day4 ,! sky is ov]ca/ t[>d ! we/]n horizon2 on ! ea/ %afts ( blue & saffron h pi]c$ ! pall ( d>kness & flung _! radiance ov] ! spread+ sea4 ,! total effect is /rangely solemnis+4 ,! sugge/ion ( titanic =ces convey$ 9 ! ru% ( w9d & wave ^u ! unyield+ cliffs1 conjo9$ to ! maje/ic m>* ( ! /orm-cl\ds across ! heav5 f ! we/1 is someh[ elevat$ & compos$ by ! my/ic light t /reams f ! ea/4 ,i h nev] se5 any?+ q l x be=e4 ,x tells me ( a b5efic5t /illness1 an et]nal /r5g?1 f> above & beyond ^! f9ite toss+s4 ,x :isp]s ! ^w impossible to utt]1 ! ^w t expla9s ev]y?+1 ! deep t calle? unto deep4 ,s my ,god calls always to my deep] s\l1 & tells me ,i mu/ read ,him by m9e own highe/ & be/1 & by ! highe/ & be/ t ! univ]se has yet produc$4 ,?us ! la/ ^w ab\t ,god becomes ! la/ ^w ab\t man3 x is ,jesus4 ,mat]iali/s may tell me t ! univ]se does n "k :at x is do+1 t x goes on clank+ & bang+1 age aft] age1 )\t end or aim1 b ,i %all cont9ue to feel compell$ to believe t ! ,p[] :i* produc$ ,jesus mu/ at lea/ be equal to ,jesus4 ,s ,jesus becomes my gateway to ! inn]mo/ ( ,god4 ,:5 ,i look at ,him ,i say to myself1 ,god is t1 &1 if ,i c only get d[n to ! tru? ab\t myself1 ,i %all f9d ,i am t too4 ,:at does ! univ]se mean8--,b :y is !re a univ]se at all8 ,:y has ! unlimit$ become limit$8 ,:at 0 ! ne$ = ! long cosmic /ruggle1 ! ignorance & pa91 ! app>5tly prodigal wa/e ( life & beauty8 ,:y does a p]fect =m appe> only to be %att]$ & sup]s$$ by ano!r8 ,:at c x all mean1 if inde$ x has a mean+8 ,?is is :at ?9k]s h be5 ask+ !mselves s9ce ?\ght began1 & ,i h really no?+ new to say ab\t x4 ,:at ,i h to say leads back ?r\gh ,hegelianism to ! old ,greek ?9k]s1 & beyond !m aga9 to ! wise m5 :o liv$ & taught 9 ! ,ea/ ages be=e ,jesus 0 born4 ,x is t ?is f9ite univ]se ( ours is "o means to ! self-realisation ( ! inf9ite4 ,suppos+ ,god to be ! inf9ite consci\sness1 !re are /ill possibilities to t consci\sness :i* x c only "k z x becomes limit$4 ,any ( my read]s to :om ?is ?\ght is unfamili> h only to look at _! own exp]i5ce 9 ord] to see h[ reasonable x is4 ,y may "k y\rself to be a brave man1 b y w "k x 9 a high] way if y are a soldi] fac+ ! cannon's m\?2 y w "k x 9 a /ill diff]5t way if y h to face ! ho/ility & prejudice ( a :ole community = /&+ by some?+ :i* y believe to be "r4 ,p]haps y h a manly little son2 he1 l y1 may believe 9 8 /]l+ good qualities4 ,b wait till he has gone out to fight 8 way 9 life2 !n y w realise :at he is wor?1 & s w he4 ,x is "o ?+ to "k t y are a lov] ( tru?2 x is ano!r ?+ to realise x :5 y\r imm$iate int]e/ & y\r imm$iate safety w\ld bid y h$ge & lie4 ,d n ^! facts ( human nature & exp]i5ce tell u some?+ ab\t ,god8 ,to all et]nity ,god is :at ,he is & nev] c be o!r1 b x w take ,him to all et]nity to live out all t ,he is4 ,9 ord] to manife/ ev5 to ,himself ! possibilities ( ,8 be+ ,god mu/ limit t be+4 ,!re is no o!r way 9 :i* ! fulle/ self-realisation c be atta9$4 ,?us we get two modes ( ,god1--! inf9ite1 p]fect1 uncondition$1 primordial be+2 & ! f9ite1 imp]fect1 condition$1 & limit$ be+ ( :i* we are ourselves expressions4 ,& yet ^! two are "o1 & ! =m] is ! gu>antee t ! latt] %all n fail 9 ! purpose = :i* x became limit$4 ,?us to ! "q1 ,:y a f9ite univ]se8 ,i %\ld answ]1 ,because ,god wants to express :at ,he is4 ,8 a*ievem5t "h is only "o ( an inf9ite numb] ( possibilities4 ,god is ! p]fect poet ,:o 9 creation acts ,8 own conceptions4 ,?is is an end wor?y alike ( ,god & man4 ,! act ( creation is et]nal1 al?\gh ! cosmos is *ang+ e mom5t1 = ,god is ceaselessly utt]+ ,himself ?r\gh high] & ev] high] =ms ( exi/5ce4 ,we are help+ ,him to d x :5 we are true to ourselves2 or r1 :i* is ! same ?+1 ,he is do+ x 9 u3 ,! ,fa!r abid+ 9 me doe? ,8 works4 ,no "p ( ! univ]se has value 9 & = itself alone2 x has value only z x expresses ,god4 ,to see "o =m break up & ano!r take its place is no calamity1 h[ev] t]rible x may seem1 = x only means t ! life conta9$ 9 t =m has gone back to ! univ]sal life1 & w express itself aga9 9 "s high] & bett] =m4 ,to ?9k ( ,god 9 ?is way is an inspiration & a help 9 ! do+ ( ! humble/ tasks4 ,x r$eems life f ! dom9ion ( ! sordid & commonplace4 ,x supplies an inc5tive to endeav\r1 & fills ! he>t ) hope & confid5ce4 ,to put x 9 homely1 ev]yday phraseology1 ,god is gett+ at some?+ & we mu/ help ,him4 ,we mu/ be ,8 eyes & h&s & feet2 we mu/ be lab\r]s toge!r ) ,him4 ,?is fits 9 ) :at sci5ce has to say ab\t ! v con/itution ( ! univ]se2 x is all ( a piece2 !re are no gaps any:]e4 ,x is a div9e exp]im5t )\t risk ( failure1 & we mu/ int]pret x 9 t]ms ( our own highe/4 ,,*apt] ,,iii ,,man ,,9 ,,relation ,,to ,,god ,:at is man8--,s f> we h se5 t ! univ]se1 includ+ ourselves1 is "o in/rum5t or vehicle ( ! self-expression ( ,god4 ,god is ,all2 ,he is ! univ]se & inf9itely m1 b x is only z we read ,him 9 ! univ]se t we c "k any?+ ab\t ,him4 ,we h se51 too1 t x is by means ( ! univ]se & ,8 self-limitation !re9 t ,he expresses ,himself to ,himself4 ,n[ :at is our relation to ?is process8 ,:at are we to ?9k ab\t ourselves8 ,:o or :at are we8 ,a witty ,fr5*man once s>donically rem>k$1 ,9 ! beg9n+ ,god creat$ man 9 ,8 own image1 & man has ev] s9ce be5 return+ ! complim5t by creat+ ,god 9 84 ,b :at else c we d8 ,x foll[s f :at has already be5 said t we "k no?+ & c "k no?+ ( ,god except z we read ,him 9 ! univ]se1 & we c only int]pret ! univ]se 9 t]ms ( our own consci\sness4 ,9 o!r words1 man is a microcosm ( ! univ]se4 ,:at ! univ]se may be 9 reality we d n "k1--?\gh ,i am n s sure z "s p seem to be t appe>ance & reality d n correspond1--we c only "k x 9 s f> z x produces s5se images on our bra9 & ent]s into our individual consci\sness4 ,! limits ( my subject =bid t ,i %\ld ent] into a discussion ( philosophic idealism1 b ,i ?9k ,i ought to confess at once t ,i c only ?9k ( exi/5ce 9 t]ms ( consci\sness3 no?+ exi/s except 9 & = m9d4 ,! m9d t ?9ks ! univ]se mu/ be immeasurably great] ?an my own1 b 9 s f> z ,i too am able to ?9k ! univ]se1 m9e is "o ) x4 ,all ?9k+ />ts ) a p>adox1 ev5 ! fam\s say+ ( ,desc>tes1 ,i ?9k1 !re=e ,i am2 & my p>adox seems at lea/ z reasonable z any o!r1 & has few] difficulties to enc\nt] ?an mo/4 ,i />t !n ) ! assumption t ! univ]se is ,god's ?\ght ab\t ,himself1 & t 9 s f> z ,i am able to ?9k x along ) ,him1 ,i & my ,fa!r 7ev5 metaphysically speak+7 are "o4 ,x _c be demon/rat$ beyond dispute t any two human be+s ?9k ! same univ]se4 ,/rictly speak+1 x is c]ta9 t !y d n 9 e detail4 ,b ! common dom9ator ( our exp]i5ce1 intellectual1 moral1 & spiritual1 is ! assumption t 9 ! ma9 ! univ]se is pretty mu* ! same = "o man z x is = ano!r4 ,:5 ,i speak ( ! roll+ sea1 my neighb\r does n und]/& me to mean ! wav+ trees1 b ,i _c prove t he does n4 ,if he is consi/5t 9 see+ wat] z trees & trees z wat]1 8 m9d mu/ be con/itut$ diff]5tly f m9e & yet ,i may nev] "k x4 ,s1 by an almo/ unp]ceiv$ act ( fai?1 we h to take = grant$ t our sep>ate individualities meet & become "o to "s ext5t 9 our common exp]i5ce ( ?is great univ]se1 :i* is at t same "t ! expression ( ,god4 ,! real univ]se mu/ be inf9itely great] & m complex ?an ! "o :i* is app>5t to our physical s5ses4 ,?is becomes probable1 ev5 on mat]ial gr\nds1 ! mom5t we beg9 to exam9e into ! nature ( s5se p]ception4 ,! e> is con/itut$ to he> j s _m s\nds2 beyond t limit at ei!r end ( ! scale we c he> no?+1 b t does n prove t !re are no m s\nds to he>4 ,simil>ly ! eye c di/+ui% five or sev5 prim>y col\rs & _! v>i\s comb9ations2 beyond t limit we are col\r-bl9d4 ,b suppose we 7 end[$ to he> & see s\nds & col\rs a million times great] 9 numb] ?an ^? ( :i* we h at pres5t any cognizance6 ,:at k9d ( a univ]se w\ld x be !n8 ,b t univ]se exi/s n[2 x is ar\nd & )9 u2 x is ,god's ?\ght ab\t ,himself1 inf9ite & et]nal4 ,x is only f9ite to a f9ite m9d1 & x is m ?an probable t spiritual be+s exi/ ) a range ( consci\sness f> great] ?an our own1 to :om ! univ]se ( :i* we =m a "p mu/ seem f> m beautiful & full] ( mean+ ?an x seems to u4 ,imag9e a man :o c\ld only see grey hues & c\ld only he> ! note ,a on ! keybo>d4 ,8 exp]i5ce w\ld be q z real z ours1 & inde$ ! same up to a po9t1 b h[ little he w\ld "k ( ! _w z we "k x4 ,! glory ( ! sunset sky w\ld be hidd5 f him2 = him ! melt+ p[] ( ! human voice1 or ( a gr& ca!dral organ1 w\ld n exi/4 ,s1 no d\bt1 x is 9 a diff]5t degree ) u all4 ,! s-call$ mat]ial _w is our consci\sness ( reality ex]cis+ itself along a /rictly limit$ plane4 ,we c "k j z mu* z we are con/itut$ to "k1 & no m4 ,b x is all a "q ( consci\sness4 ,! l>g] & full] a consci\sness becomes1 ! m x c grasp & hold ( ! consci\sness ( ,god1 ! fundam5tal reality ( our be+ z ( ev]y?+ else4 ,! subconsci\s m9d4--,( late ye>s ! comp>atively new sci5ce ( psy*ology has begun to ?r[ an am\nt ( valuable light ^u ! my/]y ( human p]sonality4 ,z ! result ( num]\s exp]im5ts & inve/igations into ! normal & abnormal work+ ( ! human m9d1 psy*ologi/s h discov]$ t a great deal ( our ord9>y m5tal action goes on )\t our be+ aw>e ( x4 ,?is unconsci\s c]ebration1 z x is call$1 c h>dly be s]i\sly disput$1 = e new addition to our psy*ological k goes to confirm x4 ,h5ce we are he>+ a great deal ab\t ! subconsci\s m9d1 or sublim9al consci\sness z "s pref] to call x4 ,n[ t our att5tion has be5 direct$ to x1 we are com+ to see1 z is usual ) e new discov]y1 t aft] a fa%ion we knew x all along4 ,! subconsci\s m9d seems to be ! seat ( inspiration & intuition4 ,g5ius1 accord+ to ! late ,f4 ,w4 ,h4 ,my]s1 is an up-ru% ( sublim9al faculty4 ,we h all he>d ( ! di/+ui%$ lady noveli/ :o decl>es t :5 %e has *os5 h] !me %e is 9 ! habit ( committ+ x to h] subconsci\s m9d & lett+ x alone = a :ile4 ,%e is n aw>e ( any m5tal process :i* goes on1 b soon] or lat] %e f9ds t ! !me is ripe = treatm5t2 %e kn[s :at %e ?9ks ab\t x1 & ! "w ( /at+ x c pr(itably beg94 ,poets1 prea*]s1 & musicians c be> te/imony ( a some:at simil> k9d4 ,! ?\ghts :i* are mo/ valuable are ^? :i* come unbidd51 ris+ to ! surface ( consci\sness f unkn[n dep?s4 ,! be/ sci5tific discov]ies are made 9 mu* ! same way2 ! inve/igator has an intuition & =?) sets to "w to ju/ify x4 ,reason1 by :i* we ord9>ily mean ! consci\s ex]cise ( ! m5tal faculties1 plods along z if on f\r feet2 intuition so>s on w+s4 ,truly a/oni%+ ?+s are frequ5tly done by ! subconsci\s m9d sup]s$+ & controll+ ! consci\s m9d 9 exceptional /ates ( emotion1 especially 9 ! case ( p :o are n q normal2 b !re is no "o1 h[ev] /olid & commonplace1 :o does n owe f> m to 8 sublim9al consci\sness ?an he does to :at he calls 8 reason2 inde$ reason has comp>atively little to d ) ! way 9 :i* p ord9>ily conduct !mselves1 al?\gh we may l to ?9k o!rwise4 ,n[ :at is ?is subconsci\s m9d ^: importance is s great & ( ^: nature we "k s little8 ,t is a "q ^u :i* psy*ology has n yet pron\nc$1 b !re are n a few :o reg>d x z ! real p]sonality4 ,evid5tly x is n only deep] b l>g] ?an ! surface m9d :i* we call reason4 ,our discov]y ( its exi/5ce has taught u t our ord9>y consci\sness is b a t9y corn] ( our p]sonality4 ,x has be5 well describ$ z an illum9at$ disc on a va/ ocean ( be+2 x is l an isl& 9 ! ,pacific :i* is really ! summit ( a m\nta9 ^: base is miles bel[ ! surface4 ,summit & base are "o1 & yet no "o realises :5 /&+ on ! little isl& t he is p]*$ at ! v top ( a m\nta9 peak4 ,s x is ) our ev]yday consci\sness ( ourselves2 we f9d x r difficult to realise t ?is consci\sness is n all !re is ( u4 ,& yet1 :5 we come to exam9e into ! facts1 ! conclusion seems irresi/ible1 t ( our tru]1 deep] be+ we are q unconsci\s4 ,! high] self4--,sev]al important inf]5ces foll[ f ?is position4 ,! fir/ is t our surface consci\sness is some:at illusory & does n possess ! %>pness & def9it5ess ( outl9e :i* we are accu/om$ to take = grant$ :5 ?9k+ ( ourselves4 ,to ord9>y common s5se no?+ seems m obvi\s ?an t we "k mo/ t is to be kn[n ab\t our fri5d ,john ,smi?1 ) :om we us$ to g to s*ool & :o has s9ce develop$ into a /olid ,briti% man ( bus9ess ) few ideas & a t5d5cy t[>d cons]vatism4 ,john is a /alw>t1 hone/1 commonplace k9d ( p]son1 ( :om brilliant ?+s 7 nev] prophesi$ & :o has nev] be5 guilty ( any4 ,8 wife & *ildr5 g to *ur* on ,sundays4 ,john seldom goes himself because x bores him1 b he likes to "k t religion is be+ att5d$ to1 & he does n want to he> t 8 cl]gyman is attempt+ any d>+ flights4 ,he has a good-natur$ contempt = cl]gym5 9 g5]al because he feels someh[ t1 l wom51 !y h to be treat$ ) half-fictiti\s rev]5ce1 b t !y d n c\nt = mu* 9 ! ord9>y affairs ( life2 !y are a sort ( ?ird sex4 ,b1 accord+ to ! new] psy*ology1 ?is matt]-(-fact ,engli%man is n :at he seems ev5 to himself4 ,8 true be+ is va/ly great] ?an he kn[s1 & va/ly great] ?an ! _w w ev] "k4 ,x belongs n to ! mat]ial plane ( exi/5ce b to ! plane ( et]nal reality4 ,?is l>g] self is 9 all probability a p]fect & et]nal spiritual be+ integral to ! be+ ( ,god4 ,8 surface self1 8 ,phili/9e self1 is ! inc>nation ( "s portion ( t true et]nal self :i* is "o ) ,god4 ,! divid+ l9e betwe5 ! surface self & ! o!r self is n ! def9ite dem>cation x appe>s to be4 ,to ! high] self x does n exi/4 ,to u x mu/ seem t to all int5ts & purposes ! two selves 9 a man are two sep>ate be+s1 b t is n s2 !y are "o1 al?\gh ! l[]1 ow+ to its limitations1 _c realise ! fact4 ,if my read]s want to "k :e!r ,i ?9k t ! high] self is consci\s ( ! l[]1 ,i c only answ]1 ,yes1 ,i d1 b ,i _c prove x2 probabilities po9t t way4 ,:at ,i want to insi/ ^u "h is t we are great] ?an we seem1 t we h a high] self1 & t our limit$ consci\sness does n involve a sep>ate individuality4 ,our bir? is b a sleep & a =gett+2 ,! s\l t rises ) u1 our life's />1 ,ha? _h else:]e its sett+1 ,& come? f af>4 ,n 9 entire =getfulness1 ,& n 9 utt] nak$ness1 ,b trail+ cl\ds ( glory d we come ,f ,god :o is our home4 ,! great poets are ! be/ !ologians aft] all1 = !y see ! f>!/4 ,! true be+ is consci\sness2 ! univ]se1 visible & invisible1 is consci\sness4 ,! high] self ( ! individual man infolds m ( ! consci\sness ( ,god ?an ! l[]1 b l[] & high] are ! same ?+4 ,?is may be a difficult ?\ght to grasp1 b ! "t is rapidly approa*+ :5 x w be m g5]ally accept$ ?an x is n[4 ,! unity ( humanity4--,ano!r inf]5ce f ! !ory ( ! subconsci\s m9d is t ( ! fundam5tal unity ( ! :ole human race4 ,inde$ all life is fundam5tally "o1 b !re is a k9%ip ( man ) man :i* prec$es t ( man ) any o!r ord] ( be+4 ,"h aga9 ! spiritual tru? cuts across :at seem to be ! dictates ( common s5se4 ,common s5se assumes t ,i & ,?\ are et]nally di/9ct1 & t by no possibility c ! t]ritories ( our respective be+s ev] become "o4 ,b ev5 n[1 & on m]e ev]yday gr\nds1 we are f9d+ reason to ?9k o!rwise4 ,y are ab\t to make an obs]vation at table & "s memb] ( y\r family makes x be=e y2 y are ?9k+ ( a c]ta9 tune & someone beg9s to hum x2 y h a c]ta9 purpose 9 m9d &1 lo1 ! same ?\ght f9ds expression 9 someone else1 despite all probabilities4 ,oh1 y may rem>k1 ,?is is only ?\ght transf]5ce4 ,precisely1 b :at are y except y\r ?\ght8 ,all be+1 rememb]1 is consci\s ( be+4 ,! inf9ite consci\sness sees itself z a :ole2 ! f9ite consci\sness sees ! same :ole 9 "p4 ,ultimately y\r be+ & m9e are "o & we %all come to "k x4 ,individuality only has mean+ 9 relation to ! :ole1 & individual consci\sness c only be fulfill$ by exp&+ until x embraces ! :ole4 ,no?+ t exi/s 9 y\r consci\sness n[ & con/itutes y\r self-k w ev] be oblit]at$ or ev] c be1 b 9 a high] /ate ( exi/5ce y w realise x to be a "p ( ! univ]sal /ock4 ,i %all n cease to be ,i1 nor y to be y2 b !re mu/ be a region ( exp]i5ce :]e we %all f9d t y & ,i are "o4 ,! ,self is ,god4--,a ?ird inf]5ce1 already h9t$ at & presum$ 9 all t has gone be=e1 is t ! highe/ ( all selves1 ! ultimate ,self ( ! univ]se1 is ,god4 ,! ,new ,te/am5t speaks ( man z body1 s\l1 & _s4 ,! body is ! ?\ght-=m ?r\gh :i* ! individuality f9ds expression on our pres5t limit$ plane2 ! s\l is a man's consci\sness ( himself z ap>t f all ! re/ ( exi/5ce & ev5 f ,god--x is ! bay see+ itself z ! bay & n z ! ocean2 ! _s is ! true be+ ?us limit$ & express$--x is ! dea?less div9e )9 u4 ,! s\l !re=e is :at we make x2 ! _s we c nei!r make nor m>1 = x is at once our be+ & ,god's4 ,:at we are "h to d is to gr[ ! s\l1 t is to manife/ ! true nature ( ! _s1 to build up t self-realisation :i* is ,god's objective ) ! univ]se z a :ole & ) e self-consci\s unit 9 p>ticul>4 ,:]e1 !n1 someone w say1 is ! divid+ l9e betwe5 our be+ & ,god's8 ,!re is no divid+ l9e except f our side4 ,! ocean ( consci\sness kn[s t ! bay has nev] be5 sep>ate f itself1 al?\gh ! bay is only consci\s ( ! ocean on ! out] side ( its own be+4 ,b1 ! read] may prote/1 ,?is is ,pan!ism4 ,no1 x is n4 ,pan!ism is a te*nical t]m 9 philosophic p>lance & means some?+ q diff]5t f ?is4 ,x /&s = a ,fate-,god1 a ,god imprison$ 9 ,8 univ]se1 a ,god :o _c help ,himself & does n ev5 "k :at ,he is ab\t1 a bl9d =ce :i* "h breaks out into a rock & !re into ,rusk9 & is equally indiff]5t to ei!r4 ,b t is n my ,god4 ,my ,god is my deep] ,self & y\rs too2 ,he is ! ,self ( ! univ]se & kn[s all ab\t x4 ,he is nev] baffl$ & _c be baffl$2 ! :ole cosmic process is "o long inc>nation & upris+ ( ! be+ ( ,god f itself to itself4 ,) ,t5nyson y c call ?is doctr9e ! ,high] ,pan!ism if y l1 b x is ! v anti!sis ( ! ,pan!ism :i* has play$ su* a "p 9 ! hi/ory ( ?\ght4 ,its relation to free w4--,b !n1 ano!r w remon/rate1 x does away ) ! fre$om ( ! w4 ,well1 "h is a slipp]y subject sure en\gh1 & "o ^u :i* m nons5se has be5 talk$ probably ?an any o!r )9 ! range ( philosophical or !ological discussion4 ,h ,i any?+ new to say ab\t x8 ,probably n1 b ,i ?9k ,i c focus ! issue & %[ :at we mu/ recognise 9 ord] to h a rational grasp ( ! subject4 ,?9k]s h talk$ too mu* 9 ! pa/ ab\t ! sep>ate faculties ( human nature z ?\gh !y c\ld be divid$ into ,reason1 ,feel+1 ,action1 & s on4 ,b !y are beg9n+ to talk diff]5tly n[4 ,!y are com+ to see t a human be+ _c be cut up l t4 ,! ,reason is ! :ole man ?9k+1 judg+1 comp>+4 ,feel+ accompanies ,reason & is nev] f\nd ap>t f x1 = reason implies consci\sness1 & )\t consci\sness no?+ t c prop]ly be call$ ,feel+ exi/s4 ,! w is simply ! :ole man act+4 ,n[ ,i w frankly confess t 9 /rict logic ,i c f9d no place = ! fre$om ( ! w4 ,i w defy anyone to d s if he kn[s mu* ab\t ! laws ( ?\ght4 ,b1 z ! late ,mr4 ,lecky said 9 8 ,map ( ,life1 & ,mr4 ,mallock has s9ce po9t$ out 9 ,! ,recon/ruction ( ,belief1 we are compell$ to ov]leap logic :5 consid]+ ?is matt]4 ,no argum5t w conv9ce u t we h n "s p[] ( individual self-direction & self-control4 ,! mo/ ?or\ghgo+ det]m9i/ t ev] liv$ =gets 8 det]m9ism ev5 :ile he argues ab\t x4 ,x mu/ be amus+ ev5 to himself to see h[ he enjoys scor+ (f 8 oppon5t1 ?us tak+ = grant$ 9 ! heat ( controv]sy ! v fre$om he sets out to d5y4 ,! assumption at ! bottom ( e vigor\s argum5t is t ! o!r p>ty might h held o!r views1 & ought to h held o!r views ?an ^? assail$4 ,! position ( ! det]m9i/ 9 effect is ?is3 ,y mu/ believe y h no fre$om to *oose any?+1 o!rwise y are to blame = *oos+ wrongly4 ,( c\rse ! consi/5t det]m9i/ w\ld evade ?is r$uctio ad absurdum by say+ t he is z mu* necessitat$ 9 blam+ 8 oppon5t = hold+ wrong views z ! oppon5t is = refus+ to give !m up4 ,he might also tell me t ,i am argu+ = free w 9 an obscuranti/ fa%ion by admitt+ at ! outset t 9 /rict logic ,i c f9d no place = x4 ,b ,i am n argu+ = free w at all4 ,i am simply %[+ t by ! v con/itution ( our m9ds we _c avoid tak+ "s measure ( free w = grant$4 ,ev5 ! det]m9i/ :o sc\ts ?is view & calls x absurd is by 8 own action a conv9c+ demon/ration ( its tru?4 ,only ! ,inf9ite has p]fect fre$om4--,b ?is cont5tion is some?+ m ?an m]e logic *opp+4 ,x po9ts to a tru? too high = a f9ite m9d to grasp1 namely1 t :atev] our moral fre$om may be1 x mu/ consi/ ) ! all-direct+ univ]sal w4 ,!re is no su* ?+ z p]fect fre$om 9 a f9ite be+4 ,p]fect fre$om belongs only to inf9ity2 f9it5ess implies limitations4 ,popul> !ology usually assumes1 or appe>s to assume1 t e individual is a p]fectly free ag5t able at all times to di/+ui% & to *oose betwe5 ! high] & ! l[]1 & z liable to *oose ! "o z ! o!r4 ,!re is ano!r k9d ( !ologis+1 ( c\rse1 :i* speaks ( ! weak5$ or corrupt$ w due to our fall5 nature1 t ,i mu/ let alone = ! pres5t4 ,:at ,i want to po9t out is t !re is n1 & nev] has be51 an act ( ! w 9 :i* a man1 )\t bias 9 ei!r direction1 has delib]ately *os5 evil 9 ! pres5ce ( good4 ,"u su* circum/ances no be+ 9 8 sob] s5ses w\ld ev] *oose evil2 enlight5$ self-int]e/ alone w\ld =bid ! possibility ( su* a *oice4 ,fre$om ( ! w 9 ?is s5se has nev] exi/$4 ,! tru? is t we %\ld n be consci\s ( ! possession ( a w b = ! conflict betwe5 desire & duty1 or ! necessity ( *oos+ betwe5 "o impulse & ano!r4 ,aft] all1 ! moral *oices ( life are b few 9 numb]4 ,! ?+s we g on do+ day by day are ! ?+s t = ! mo/ "p we "k we mu/ d1 & we sc>cely reflect ^u ! matt]4 ,:5 "s "q em]ges :i* dem&s a moral *oice we "k x at once by ! fact t we h to take our limitations into acc\nt4 ,some?+ has to be ov]come if ! high] is *os51 &1 )\t t ov]com+1 !re is no real ass]tion ( ! w4 ,x is no h]oism 9 me to avoid gett+ drunk1 b x may mean a trem5d\s ass]tion ( ! moral res]ves 9 "s poor fell[ :o kn[s ! p[] ( ! dr9k crav+4 ,! same obs]vation holds good ( all human life4 ,my weak po9ts are n my neighb\r's1 & 8 are n m9e4 ,nei!r ( u is 9 a position to e/imate ! o!r's /r5g? ( w1 b we bo? "k t 9 our own case an absolutely unfett]$ moral *oice has nev] be5 made4 ,b = our limitations & imp]fections we %\ld "k no?+ :atev] ( ! *oice betwe5 "r & wrong4 ,free w1 9 ! s5se ( unlimit$ fre$om ( *oice1 does n exi/4 ,! only fre$om we possess is l t ( a bird 9 a cage2 we c *oose betwe5 ! high] & ! l[] /&+ gr\nd1 a *oice call$ = by ! v fact t we are 9 prison1 b we _c *oose :]e ! cage %all g4 ,no d\bt ^! consid]ations w meet ) ! disapproval ( "s p :o ?9k !mselves or?odox4 ,!y w object to be+ told t e man has a high] self ?an t ( :i* he is imm$iately consci\s2 t fundam5tally ! individual is "o ) ! :ole race & ) ,god2 t no "o possesses absolute free w4 ,to !m x may seem an absurdity to ma9ta9 ^! positions4 ,b if !y say s1 !y w convict !mselves ( absurdity1 =1 ) ! exception ( ! la/1 ,*ri/ian doctr9e already affirms !m all ( ,jesus4 ,accord+ to ! receiv$ !ology1 ,jesus 0 ,god1 & yet ,he did n possess ! all-controll+ consci\sness ( ! univ]se4 ,he 0 also man1 & yet ,he 0 be=e all ages4 ,all creation proce$s f & c5tres 9 ,him1 & yet ,he 0 able to limit ,himself 9 su* a degree z to be ignorant ( mu* t 0 go+ on 9 ,8 own univ]se4 ,if s-call$ or?odoxy f9ds x no difficulty to ass]t ^! ?+s z be+ true ( ,jesus1 x w n f9d x easy to %[ good reason :y ! same %\ld n be true ( all humanity4 ,= ! mom5t ,i nei!r ass]t nor d5y ! uniqu5ess ( ,jesus4 ,all ,i am conc]n$ to %[ is t if x is n intellectually impossible to affirm c]ta9 ?+s ab\t ! consci\sness ( ,jesus & ! limitation ( ,8 true be+ 9 ,8 e>?ly life1 x is n impossible to affirm !m ( mank9d4 ,"s ( my critics h cont5d$ t ?is view ( ! relation%ip ( man to ,god hails n f ,pale/9e b f ,ox=d & is an outcome ( ! philosophy ( ,t4 ,h4 ,gre54 ,b ,i ?9k x c be %[n t its p$igree is consid]ably long] ?an t4 ,:e!r x hails f ,pale/9e or n1 x is explicitly /at$ 9 ! f\r? gospel3 ,he t ha? se5 me ha? se5 ! ,fa!r2 & h[ saye/ ?\ !n1 ,%ew u ! ,fa!r8 ,believe/ ?\ n t ,i am 9 ! ,fa!r1 & ! ,fa!r 9 me8 ,! words t ,i speak unto y ,i speak n ( myself3 b ! ,fa!r t dwelle? 9 me1 ,he doe? ! works4 ,believe me t ,i am 9 ! ,fa!r1 & ! ,fa!r 9 me4 ,^? :o object to my /atem5t ( ! fundam5tal id5tity ( ,god & man w h to expla9 away su* passages z ?is1 & !re are pl5ty ( !m4 ,b1 x may be urg$1 ?is is meant to apply only to ,jesus4 ,t ,i d n believe2 ,i ?9k ! exce$+ly able writ] ( ! f\r? gospel knew bett]2 b = ! mom5t ,i w n conte/ ! po9t4 ,grant$ t x does apply only to ,jesus1 :at !n8 ,! v ?+s :i* ! critics decl>e to be impossible ( p]sonality 9 g5]al 9 relation to ,god1 !y are affirm+ already ( at lea/ "o p]sonality1 t ( ,jesus4 ,if ,jesus 0 ,god & yet pray$ to ,god1 if ,8 consci\sness 0 f9ite & yet "o ) ! inf9ite1 x is cle> t 9 ?is "o in/ance ! seem+ly impossible 0 n impossible4 ,^? :o insi/ ^u ! fundam5tal di/9ction betwe5 human p]sonality & ! be+ ( ,god are ?us on ! horns ( a dilemma4 ,pres5t-day or?odoxy _c consi/5tly attack ?is position4 ,! only tell+ criticism t c be direct$ aga9/ x is t :i* proce$s f ! side ( sci5tific monism4 ,a ?or\ghgo+ moni/ might reasonably cont5d t up to a c]ta9 po9t ,i h be5 argu+ = a moni/ic view ( ! univ]se1 9 company ) practically ! :ole sci5tific _w1 & h !n giv5 ! case away by admitt+ a c]ta9 am\nt ( individual fre$om4 ,i confess x looks l x2 ,i h _h to face ! ant9omy4 ,i see t !re is no escape f ! ass]tion ( ! fundam5tal unity ( all exi/5ce1 & yet by ! v con/itution ( ! human m9d we are compell$ to take = grant$ a c]ta9 am\nt ( individual initiative & self-direction4 ,i ?9k ( ! human w mu* z ,i d ab\t ! m>9]'s compass4 ,x is well kn[n t ! ne$le does n always po9t /eadily & consi/5tly to ! pole2 its t9y ab]rations h to be tak5 into acc\nt4 ,b ^! are no real h9drance to ! sail+ ( ! %ip1 & ! compass itself _c run away4 ,aga91 "s ( my fri5ds h be5 po9t+ out t1 :ile ! ,new ,!ology reg>ds all mank9d z ,be+ ( "o sub/ance ) ! ,fa!r1 our consci\sness ( t be+ is our own4 ,i freely admit ?is :ile ma9ta9+ t !re is no sub/ance b consci\sness4 ,:at o!r k9d ( sub/ance c !re be8 ,!re=e ,i hold t :5 our f9ite consci\sness ceases to be f9ite !re w be no di/9ction :atev] betwe5 ours & ,god's4 ,! di/9ction betwe5 f9ite & inf9ite is n et]nal4 ,! be+ ( ,god is a complex unity1 conta9+ )9 itself & h>monis+ e =m ( self-consci\sness t c possibly exi/4 ,no "o ne$ be afraid t 9 believ+ ?is he is ass5t+ to ! f9al oblit]ation ( 8 own p]sonality2 if su* oblit]ation 7 possible1 our pres5t p]sonality c\ld possess no p]man5t value ev5 = ,god4 ,no =m ( self-consci\sness c ev] p]i%4 ,x completes itself 9 becom+ inf9ite1 b x _c be de/roy$4 ,,*apt] ,,iv ,,! ,,nature ,,( ,,evil ,! problem n insoluble4--,be=e go+ on to say m ab\t human p]sonality1 especially ! p]sonality ( ,jesus1 x is requisite t we %\ld det]m9e our attitude t[>d a great "q :i* 9 manifold =ms has beset ! human intellect ev] s9ce ! dawn ( hi/ory1 namely1 ! problem ( evil4 ,x is /ill ! fa%ion to decl>e ?is problem insoluble1 b ,i h ! audacity to believe t x is n s2 my/]y !re may be1 b x is n *iefly my/]y4 ,i w ev5 g s f> z to ass]t t ! problem _h be5 solv$ 9 human ?\ght be=e ,*ri/ianity began4 ,:at ,i h to say ab\t x n[ is anci5t ?9k+ confirm$ by pres5t-day exp]i5ce4 ,evil is a negative1 n a positive t]m4 ,x d5otes ! abs5ce r ?an ! pres5ce ( some?+4 ,x is ! p]ceiv$ privation ( good1 ! %ad[ :]e ! light ought to be4 ,! devil is a vacuum1 z a fri5d ( m9e once rem>k$ to ! no small bewild]m5t ( a gr\p ( li/5]s 9 ^: imag9ation ! devil 0 any?+ b a vacuum4 ,evil is n an intrud] 9 an o!rwise p]fect univ]se2 f9it5ess presumes x4 ,a ?+ is only se5 to be evil :5 ! capacity = good is pres5t & unsatisfi$4 ,evil is n a pr9ciple at w> ) good4 ,good is be+ & evil is n-be+4 ,:5 consci\sness ( be+ seeks fur!r expression & f9ds itself h9d]$ by its limitations1 x becomes aw>e ( evil4 ,a little reflection ought to conv9ce anyone t ?is is ! true way to look at ! "q ( evil4 ,in/ead ( ask+ h[ evil came to be 9 ! univ]se1 we %\ld recognise t no?+ f9ite c exi/ )\t x4 ,inf9ity alone c "k no?+ ( evil because its res\rces are illimitable &--if ,i may be p]mitt$ ! expression--e ne$ is suppli$ be=e x c be felt4 ,evil & good are n l two armies 9 deadly conflict ) ea* o!r = ! possession ( ! city ( ,god4 ,we ought n to say t :5 "o is 9 ! o!r is out1 b r :5 "o is ! o!r is n4 ,! v ^w good implies evil4 ,"o is positive & ! o!r negative4 ,good only em]ges 9 our exp]i5ce 9 contra/ ) evil1 & ! ideal exi/5ce mu/ be t 9 :i* good & evil are bo? transc5d$ 9 ! life et]nal1 :5 /ruggle & conflict are no m4 ,9 our pres5t /ate ( exi/5ce evil is necess>y 9 ord] t we may "k t !re is su* a ?+ z good1 & !re=e t we may realise ! true nature ( ! life et]nal4 ,look at t %ad[ on ! pavem5t ca/ by ! r[ ( h\ses betwe5 y\r vision & ! ris+ sun4 ,until ! sun made 8 pres5ce felt1 y did n ev5 "k !re 0 a %ad[4 ,pres5tly z ! light giv] climbs beyond & above ?is tempor>y b>ri] y w wat* ! %ad[ %r9k & disappe>4 ,:]e has x gone8 ,if x 7 an entity 9 itself1 x w\ld h mov$ (f some:]e else1 b y are well aw>e t x has n done s1 = x nev] _h any real exi/5ce2 real z x seem$1 s real t y 7 able to give x a "n1 x nev] did m ?an %[ ! place t ne$$ to be fill$ ) light4 ,:5 ! light came ! %ad[ 0 swall[$ up4 ,s x is ) e k9d ( evil1 no matt] :at4 ,y\r p]ception ( evil is ! concomitant ( y\r exp&+ f9ite consci\sness ( good4 ,! mom5t y see a ?+ to be wrong y h affirm$ t y "k1 h[ev] vaguely1 :at is requir$ to put x "r4 ,ev5 :5 evil comes 9 ! =m ( a calamity t less5s & dim9i%es y\r previ\s exp]i5ce ( good1 z 9 an e>?quake or a pe/il5ce1 ?is /atem5t z to its true nature is 9 no way invalidat$4 ,x is n a ?+ 9 itself1 x is only ! p]ceiv$ privation ( :at y "k to be good1 & :i* y "k to be good because ( ! v pres5ce ( limitation1 h9drance1 & imp]fection4 ,! relation ( evil & pa94--,b to mo/ m9ds evil is almo/ synonym\s ) pa91 at any rate 9 our exp]i5ce x is associat$ ) pa94 ,:5 m5 beg9 que/ion+ ! goodness ( ,god because ( ! evil ( ! _w1 !y usually mean ! pa9 ( ! _w4 ,p]haps _! ?\ght ab\t s9 is to "s ext5t an exception2 s9 & pa9 are n necess>ily imm$iately associat$ 9 ! !ological m9d4 ,b :at is pa98 ,prop]ly speak+ x is n 9 itself evil1 b r ! evid5ce ( evil1 & also 9 a diff]5t way ! evid5ce ( good4 ,pa9 is life ass]t+ itself aga9/ dea?1 ! high] /ruggl+ ) ! l[]1 ! true ) ! false1 ! real ) ! unreal4 ,:5 a baby cries = food he does s 9 unconsci\s ob$i5ce to ! law ( life2 a /one does n cry = food4 ,:5 a /rong man suff]s 9 ! grip ( a fell disease1 ! life )9 him is fight+ = expression aga9/ some?+ t seems to be ext+ui%+ x4 ,! suff]+ is caus$ by ! ef=t ( ! life to reta9 its hold on ! =m1 & yet if ! disease succe$s 9 break+ ! =m x has only releas$ ! life to f9d expression 9 "s high] =m4 ,:5 a guilty man suff]s ! tortures ( remorse1 x means t ! tru? )9 him is decl>+ itself aga9/ ! falsehood1 al?\gh x does n foll[ t x w imm$iately conqu]4 ,?is is :at pa9 is3 x is life press+ ^u dea?1 & dea? resi/+ life4 ,if a travell] falls asleep 9 ! sn[1 or a sailor is ne>ly dr[n$1 ! process ( recov]y is always pa9ful because ! return+ life has to ov]come dea?4 ,c>ry ! same pr9ciple ?r\gh ! :ole range ( human exp]i5ce1 physical1 m5tal1 & moral1 & x w indicate ! real significance ( all ! pa9 :i* has ev] be5 endur$ or ev] w be endur$ by mank9d4 ,/ill ?is w\ld n satisfy ev]yone :o feels compassion = cosmic suff]+4 ,pr(essor ,huxley has told u t !re is no sadd] /ory ?an ! /ory ( s5ti5t life ^u ?is planet1 & 9 s say+ he has ! te/imony ( mod]n sci5ce beh9d him4 ,a va/ am\nt ( att5tion has be5 direct$ to ?is phase ( ! subject )9 ! pa/ fifty ye>s4 ,we seem to be m s5sitive to ! pres5ce ( pa9 z well z m sympa!tic ?an our fa!rs 71 & ?is t5d5cy %[s itself 9 a recognition ( ! solid>ity ( humanity ) ! l[] creation4 ,!ology has _h practically no?+ to say ab\t ! suff]+ or ev5 ab\t ! significance ( ! myriad =ms ( life :i* exi/ bel[ ! human scale4 ,b :y ought !y to be ignor$8 ,inde$1 h[ c !y be ignor$8 ,! !ology t has no?+ to say ab\t my clev] & loyal f\r-foot$ companion1 ) 8 magnanimity1 8 s5sitive _s1 & ev5 8 moral qualities1 omits some?+ ( consid]able importance to a ?or\gh & consi/5t _w-view4 ,n a sp>r[ falle? to ! gr\nd )\t y\r ,fa!r1 said "o :o spake z nev] man spake4 ,i ?9k x 0 ,s*op5hau] :o once rem>k$1 ,! m ,i see ( human nature ! m ,i respect my dog4 ,n[ ! ,new ,!ology f9ds no difficulty 9 recognis+ ! importance ( ! brute creation1 = x believes 9 a practical recognition ( ! solid>ity ( all exi/5ce4 ,!re is no life t is n ( ,god1 & !re=e no life c ev] p]i%1 :atev] may become ( ! =m4 ,if we c expla9 human suff]+1 ! same explanation cov]s ! suff]+ ( all sub-human life4 ,! true ext5t ( ! problem ( pa94--,b ! problem is n s l>ge z x looks4 ,:5 we he> ( a t]rible ev5t l ! ,jamaica disa/]1 we are apt to jump to ! conclusion t ! am\nt ( suff]+ 9 ! _w is specially & enorm\sly great] because ( x4 ,b t is n s4 ,our /&>d ( measurem5t is a false "o4 ,! am\nt ( pa9 endur$ dep5ds ^u ! consci\sness endur+ x & ^u its capacity = look+ be=e & aft]4 ,besides we only suff] individually1 & !re=e all ! pa9 ( ! _w is compris$ )9 ! exp]i5ce ( ! be+ :o suff]s mo/1 :oev] t may be4 ,we ought to e/imate ! actual am\nt ( cosmic suff]+ by ! int5sity ( ! suff]+ borne by any "o individual at any "o "t4 ,we are n imm$iately consci\s ( all ! woe ( ! univ]se2 we are ea* ( u consci\s ( our own1 ev5 ?\gh x may be caus$ by sympa?y ) o!rs2 & ! _w's woe tak5 z a :ole is n great] ?an ! am\nt borne by him ^: consci\sness ( x is greate/4 ,?is is :at we may call ! int5sive z contra/$ ) ! ext5sive obs]vation ( ! problem ( pa94 ,x is a k9d ( b>ometrical measurem5t4 ,we d n gauge ! wea!r by add+ toge!r ! figures ( all ! /orm-glasses 9 ! _w2 ! rise or fall ( ! m]cury 9 any "o ( !m1 especially ! be/ "o among !m1 compreh5ds ! :ole4 ,"h is ! problem ( pa9 9 a nut%ell4 ,! :ole appall+ tale ( cosmic suff]+ c be compress$ )9 ! limits ( ! individual consci\sness :i* has endur$ ! mo/4 ,! purpose ( pa94--,nor is !re ! slighte/ ne$ to be afraid ( x4 ,!ologians may tell u t we %\ld nev] h kn[n any?+ ab\t x b = man's fir/ disob$i5ce1 & humani/s may ma9ta9 t x is impossible to reconcile x ) belief 9 ! goodness ( ,god2 b !y are bo? wrong4 ,!re are "s ?+s impossible ev5 to omnipot5ce1 & "o ( !m is ! realisation ( a love :i* has nev] kn[n pa94 ,if creation is ! self-expression ( ,god1 pa9 0 inevitable f ! fir/4 ,= :at is ! nature ( ,god8 ,accord+ to ! ,*ri/ian religion x is love4 ,& :at is love8 ,"h is ano!r slipp]y ^w :i* has _h "s contradictory connotations 9 ! c\rse ( its hi/ory4 ,"s "t ago ,mr4 ,g4 ,b]n>d ,%aw deliv]$ a lecture at ! ,city ,temple on ! ,religion ( ! ,briti% ,empire1 9 ! c\rse ( :i* he said t1 if ,i knew z mu* ab\t /age-plays z he did1 ,i %\ld di/ru/ ! ^w love1 = x 0 b\nd up ) an am\nt ( false & gu/y s5tim5t4 ,he himself pref]r$ ! ^w life to express :at ,i meant by ! ^w love4 ,b love is too good a ^w to be giv5 ov] to ! s5tim5tali/s1 al?\gh ,mr4 ,%aw 0 p]fectly "r z to ! way 9 :i* x has be5 misus$4 ,love is life1 ! life et]nal1 ! life ( ,god4 ,jesus & ,8 ,new ,te/am5t foll[]s us$ bo? t]ms z expressive ( ! inn]mo/ ( ,god4 ,! life ( ,god is su* t 9 ! pres5ce ( ne$ x mu/ give itself j z wat] w run d[n hill2 ?is is ! law ( its be+4 ,:]e no ne$ exi/s1 t is1 :]e life is inf9ite1 love f9ds no expression4 ,to realise itself = :at x is1 sacrifice1 t is self-limitation1 becomes necess>y4 ,love is ess5tially self-giv+4 ,x is ! liv+ ( ! individual life 9 t]ms ( ! :ole4 ,9 a f9ite _w ?is _c b mean pa91 b x is also self-fulfilm5t4 ,:osoev] %all save 8 life %all lose x1 b :osoev] w lose 8 life %all f9d x4 ,?is pr(\nd say+ ( ,jesus is old] ev5 ?an ,jesus2 x is ! law ( ,god's own be+1 ! law ( love1 ! means to ! realisation ( ! life et]nal4 ,x is s pla9 & simple1 & )al s sublime1 t we _c b see x to be true1 & c d no o!r ?an b[ be=e x4 ,! law ( ! univ]se is ! law ( sacrifice 9 ord] to self-manife/ation4 ,9 ?is age-long process all s5ti5t life has its "p1 = x is ( ! inf9ite1 & to ! inf9ite x w return4 ,:51 !re=e1 y feel compassion = ! rabbit :i* is be+ kill$ by ! weasel1 or ! /ag t falls be=e ! h\nds1 y c rememb] at ! same "t t ?is is n mean+less cruelty1 b ! op]ation ( ! same law t gov]ns ! highe/ activities ( y\r own s\l4 ,y are "r to feel ! compassion2 y 7 meant to feel x2 & !re is good reason :y y %\ld1 = ! suff]+ is real en\gh to awak5 x4 ,b d n =get t ! suff]+ is n q :at x appe>s to y2 x is only y\rs z x ent]s into y\r own consci\sness & y suff] along ) ! actual victim4 ,compassion 9 su* a case is ! initial impulse t[>d self-(f]+1 ! desire to take ! victim's place4 ,b ! suff]+ ( ! rabbit or ! /ag is to be measur$ by ! consci\sness ( ! rabbit or ! /ag1 n by y\rs4 ,9 ! slaught] no?+ p]i%es b ! =m1 ! life returns to ! ,s\l ( ! univ]se4 ,! nature ( s94--,:at1 !n1 is s98 ,9 ! light ( ! =ego+ consid]ations t "q %\ld n be difficult to answ]4 ,"s ( my rec5t critics h be5 decl>+ t ,i d5y ! exi/5ce ( s91 & am tea*+ t z !re is no s9 !re is no ne$ = ,atonem5t4 ,?is looks l wilful misrepres5tation1 = my words on ! subject h be5 cle> en\gh & ,i h no?+ to un-say1 b p]haps x w\ld be bett] to all[ t ! critics h made ! mi/ake ( ru%+ into pr9t )\t c>efully exam9+ ! utt]ances :i* !y d5\nce4 ,let me say1 !n1 t s9 is ! opposite ( love4 ,all possible activities ( ! s\l are betwe5 two poles1--self on ! "o h& & ! common life on ! o!r4 ,ev]y?+ we c ?9k or say or d is 9 "o or o!r ( ^! directions2 we are ei!r liv+ = ! self at ! exp5se ( ! :ole1 or we are fulfill+ ! self by s]v+ ! :ole4 ,s9 is !re=e selfi%ness4 ,if ! true life is ! life :i* is liv$ 9 t]ms ( ! :ole1 !n ! s9ful life is ! life :i* is liv$ = self alone4 ,no man1 h[ev] deprav$1 succe$s 9 liv+ ! selfi% life all ! "t2 if he did he w\ld s9k bel[ ! level ( ! brutes4 ,s9 makes = dea?2 love makes = life4 ,s9 is self-w>d2 love is ,all-w>d4 ,s9 is always a blund]2 9 ! long run x becomes its own puni%m5t1 = x is ! s\l impos+ fett]s ^u itself1 :i* fett]s mu/ be brok5 by ! reass]tion ( ! univ]sal life4 ,s9 is actually a que/ = life1 b a que/ :i* is pursu$ 9 ! wrong way4 ,! man :o is liv+ a selfi% life mu/ ?9k1 if he ?9ks ab\t x at all1 t he c gratify himself 9 t way1 t is1 he c get m abundant life4 ,b 9 ?is he is mi/ak52 he is try+ to cut himself (f f ! s\rce ( life4 ,he is l a man seat$ on ! bran* ( a tree & saw+ x (f f ! trunk4 ,b :5 !ologians talk ( ! wra? ( ,god aga9/ s91 & ! wrong :i* s9 has inflict$ ^u ,god1 !y employ figures ( spee* :i* are di/9ctly mislead+4 ,9 fact1 !y d n seem to h a cle> idea z to :at s9 really is4 ,!y use vague language ab\t x z ?\gh x 7 "s k9d ( corporate (f5ce aga9/ ,god ( :i* ! :ole race has be5 guilty )\t be+ able to help x1 & :i* no individual c escape al?\gh he is z mu* to blame z if he c\ld4 ,b s9 has nev] injur$ ,god except ?r\gh man4 ,x is ! ,god )9 :o is injur$ by x r ?an ! ,god )\t4 ,x is "t we _h done ) ! unreal language ab\t ! ,judge on ! great :ite ?rone1 ^: ju/ice mu/ be satisfi$ be=e ,8 m]cy c op]ate4 ,! figure conta9s a tru? :i* ev]yone kn[s well en\gh1 b x is n easy to recognise x "u ?is =m4 ,! ,fall4--,! !ological muddle is l>gely caus$ by ! inability ( _m p to free !mselves f ar*aic notions :i* h really no?+ to d ) ,*ri/ianity1 al?\gh !y h be5 import$ into x4 ,! pr9cipal ( ^!1 9 relation to ! "q ( s91 is ! doctr9e ( ! ,fall4 ,?is doctr9e has play$ a mis*iev\s "p 9 ,*ri/ian ?\ght1 m especially p]haps s9ce ! ,re=mation4 ,9 broad outl9e x is z foll[s3 ,man 0 creat$ orig9ally innoc5t & pure1--= :at reason is n q cle>1 b x is said to be = ! glory ( ,god1--b by an act ( disob$i5ce to a div9e comm& he fell f 8 high e/ate & 9 8 fall dragg$ d[n ! :ole creation & blight$ po/]ity4 ,?+s h be5 wrong ev] s9ce1 & ,god has be5 angry n only ) ! orig9al transgressor b ) all 8 desc5dants4 ,god is a ,god ( righte\sness & !re=e 9 a future _w ,he w torture e human be+ :o dies )\t avail+ himself ( a c]ta9 plan ( salvation design$ to give him a *ance ( escape4 ,?is is a que] sort ( righte\sness6 ,! plan ( salvation consi/s 9 s5d+ ,8 own ,son--a ,son :o has exi/$ et]nally1 :i* ! re/ ( u h n--to live a few ye>s on e>? & g ?r\gh a c]ta9 programme end+ ) a viol5t dea?4 ,9 consid]ation ( ?is dea?1 ,god und]takes to =give ,8 err+ *ildr51 :o c\ld n help be+ s9n]s1 & yet are j z mu* to blame z if !y c\ld1 b only on consid]ation t !y believe 9 "t to flee f ! wra? to come4 ,if !y happ5 to die half a m9ute too late1 rep5tance w be ( no avail4 ,dogmatic !ologians mu/ really excuse me = p>aphras+ _! words 9 ?is way4 ,i "k !y d n put ! case ) su* irritat+ cle>ness1 b ?is is :at !y mean4 ,_! =efa!rs us$ to put x pla9ly en\gh4 ,turn up ,john ,knox's ,confession ( ,fai?1 = in/ance1 & x w be f\nd t my /atem5t ( ! case is mildness itself comp>$ to 82 ,john saw no necessity = m9c+ matt]s4 ,x may be cont5d$ t no or?odox !ologian ( any repute n[ believes 9 an actual hi/orical fall ( ! race4 ,p]haps n1 b !ological writ]s g on us+ language :i* implies x & s d prea*]s ( ! gospel4 ,i d n mean t !y are di%one/1 b !y _c get _! p]spective "r4 ,!y ?9k t by giv+ up belief 9 a hi/orical fall ( ! race !y w\ld h to give up a great deal m4 ,)\t ! ,fall !y d n "k :at to say ab\t s91 salvation1 ! ,atonem5t1 etc4 ,!y are mi/ak5 9 ?is supposition1 z ,i tru/ ,i h already %[n to "s ext5t :5 discuss+ ! "q ( s91 & z ,i %all hope to %[ m cle>ly /ill :5 we come to deal ) ! ,atonem5t4 ,:at ,i n[ wi% to insi/ ^u is t x is absolutely impossible = any intellig5t man to cont9ue to believe 9 ! ,fall z x is lit]ally und]/ood & taught4 ,! ,g5esis acc\nt4--,x is popul>ly suppos$ t ! doctr9e is d]iv$ f ! book ( ,g5esis1 b t is h>dly ! case4 ,no d\bt ! ,g5esis my? ab\t ,adam & ,eve 9 ! ,g>d5 ( ,ed5 =ms ! backgr\nd ( x1 b x is n consonant ) ! doctr9e itself4 ,! ,g5esis n>rative says no?+ ab\t ! ru9$ creation or ! curse ^u po/]ity4 ,!re is no h9t ( individual immortality1 mu* less ( heav5 & hell2 no ,*ri/1 no cross1 no future judgm5t1 no vic>i\s ,atonem5t4 ,x is a composite primitive /ory4 ,a c>eful exam9ation ( its con/itu5ts w %[ t m ?an "o acc\nt ( ! ev5t has be5 drawn ^u to supply mat]ials = ! n>rative z x n[ /&s4 ,! leg5d 0 9 exi/5ce z oral tradition ages be=e x became lit]ature4 ,h[ old x may be we h no means ( kn[+ ) c]ta9ty1 b ! p>allel /ories 9 o!r ,semitic religions are ( great antiquity & _h orig9ally no e?ical significance :atev]4 ,! ,g5esis /ory ( ! ,fall ex]cis$ no influ5ce ^u ,old ,te/am5t religion2 x is sc>cely allud$ to 9 ! be/ ,old ,te/am5t writ+s1 "s ( !m e>li] probably ?an ! ,g5esis acc\nt itself4 ,x 0 n until aft] ! great captivity t x %[$ any t5d5cy t[>d becom+ an article ( fai?4 ,at ! "t :5 ,jesus 0 born x _h pass$ into ! popul> ,jewi% religion4 ,!re is a psy*ological reason = ! gradual trans=mation ( a primitive leg5d into a religi\s dogma4 ,! ,jewi% nation has fall5 ^u evil days4 ,= g5]ations aft] ! great captivity !y _h be5 gr\nd "u ! heel ( a succession ( =eign ma/]s4 ,"u ! cruel rule ( ,antio*us ,epiphanes1 ab\t ! middle ( ! second c5tury ,b4,c41 _! v religion seem$ likely to be cru%$ out by m]ciless p]secution4 ,x 0 no wond] t ! s]i\s m9ds ( ! day became incl9$ to look ^u ! pres5t z be+ b ! ru9 ( ! pa/1 ! sorry rema9d] ( :at _h once be5 an ideal _w4 ,?is t5d5cy %[$ itself 9 v>i\s ways1 ! *ief ( :i* 0 a look+ back to ! great days ( ,david & ,solomon z ! p]iod ( ,israel's brighte/ spl5d\r & prosp]ity4 ,( ?is ,i mu/ say a little m pres5tly :5 we come to consid] ! g5esis ( ! idea ( ! k+dom ( ,god4 ,ano!r way 9 :i* ! same t5d5cy %[$ itself 0 t ( tak+ ! leg5d ( ! ,fall m or less lit]ally4 ,a suff]+ g5]ation c\ld h>dly help ?9k+ ( _! woes z be+ ! result ( "s primitive act ( transgression4 ,?is is ! way 9 :i* ! rabbis came to speak ( ! ,fall z be+ an actual fact ( religi\s & e?ical importance4 ,! doctr9e transf]r$ to ,*ri/ianity4--,a simil> set ( political & social conditions c>ri$ ! doctr9e ov] into ,*ri/ianity1 *iefly ?r\gh ! influ5ce ( ! apo/le ,paul :o _h receiv$ a rabb9ical tra9+4 ,n only ,hebrews b ,greeks _h begun to feel t ! _w 0 decay+ & p]haps ne>+ ! end4 ,!y idealis$ ! pa/ & contra/$ x ) ! pres5t4 ,all civilisation lay "u ! dom9ion ( ,rome1 & ,rome h]self 0 subject to a milit>y dictator4 ,! he>t ( ! _w-wide empire 0 a hotb$ ( corruption :]e e =m ( vice took root & fl\ri%$4 ,! ,greek ?9k]s & s*ol>s despis$ _! ma/]s1 b _! own h]oic days 7 gone & !y 7 helpless to ca/ (f ! yoke4 ,!y _h no ,p]icles n[1 no ,leonidas1 no ,miltiades4 ,gone 7 ! m5 ( ,!rmopylae1 ,m>a?on1 & ,salamis4 ,^! 7 less]1 d>k] days4 ,) a sure in/9ct m5 7 ceas+ to feel any confid5ce 9 ! future ( ?is pagan civilisation4 ,x _h its great elem5ts1 b ! signs ( disruption 7 already app>5t & no "o c\ld =esee :at w\ld take its place4 ,! mood ( ! "t is reflect$ 9 ! pages ( ,tacitus & ,juv5al4 ,into ?is atmosph]e came ,*ri/ianity ) its doctr9e ( ! holy love ( ,god & its ador+ fai? 9 ,jesus4 ,b bo? ,judaism & ,hell5ism _h already ! t5d5cy to look back t[>d a bett] & happi] "t & to ?9k ( ! pres5t z a fall f x4 ,paul felt ?is l ev]yone else1 & =?) took "s k9d ( a fall = grant$ :5 unfold+ 8 sy/em ( ?\ght4 ,x is d\btful :e!r he took ! ,g5esis /ory lit]ally or n1 & he c]ta9ly made ,adam ! type ( ! unideal or e>?ly man :o _h become e/rang$ f ,god4 ,he 0 too great a man to be p9n$ d[n to m]e lit]alism 9 a "q ( ?is k9d1 s 9 8 use ( ! t]ms suppli$ by ! rabb9ical v]sion ( ! leg5d he glides easily into ! /atem5t ( ! obvi\s tru? t ! ,adam1 or l[] man1 or e>?ly pr9ciple 9 e human be+1 ne$s to be trans=m$ by ! upris+ ( ! ,*ri/ or ideal man1 )9 ! s\l4 ,= z 9 ,adam all die1 ev5 s 9 ,*ri/ %all all be made alive4 ,! fir/ man is ( ! e>? e>?y3 ! second man is ! ,"l f heav54 ,"h1 !n1 we h ! orig9s ( ! doctr9e ( ! ,fall4 ,"r ?r\gh ,*ri/ian hi/ory ! t5d5cy has run to look ^u ! _w z ! ru9s ( a div9e plan m>r$ by man's p]v]sity & self-w4 ,x is "t we got rid ( x1 = x has _h a blight+1 dead5+ influ5ce ^u hopeful endeav\r = ! good ( ! race4 ,x is n integral to ,*ri/ianity1 = ,jesus nev] said a ^w ab\t x & did n ev5 allude to x indirectly4 ,x implies a view ( ! nature & deal+s ( ,god ) m5 :i* is une?ical & untrue4 ,surely1 if ,god knew be=eh& t ! _w w\ld g wrong1 ! blame = cata/rophe 0 n all man's4 ,if ,he 7 s baffl$ & horror-/rick5 by ! results z ! dogmatic !ologian makes out1 ,he ought to h be5 m c>eful ab\t ! way ,he did ,8 "w at ! beg9n+2 a _w :i* w5t wrong s e>ly & s easily 0 any?+ b v good1 al?\gh ,he pron\nc$ x to be s accord+ to ! ,g5esis writ]4 ,besides1 :y %\ld a trivial act ( transgression h s5t x all wrong8 ,we take leave ( our common s5se :5 we talk ,( man's fir/ disob$i5ce & ! fruit ,( t =bidd5 tree4 ,to be sure ,milton did n believe x himself :5 he wrote t l9e1 b 8 ,puritan associates & ,ca?olic ance/ors did1 & or?odoxy pr(esses to d s /ill1 ?\gh x does n "k q h[ to put x )\t fall+ into absurdity4 ,aga91 :y %\ld ,god feel ,himself s mu* aggriev$ by ,adam's peccadillo8 ,if x 7 n = ! !ological atmosph]e :i* surr\nds ! "q1 we %\ld see at once t x 0 ridicul\s4 ,:y %\ld ! consequ5ces cont9ue ?r\gh c\ntless g5]ations8 ,rememb] ?is 0 suppos$ to be ! v />t ( humanity's c>e]4 ,:at a dre>y1 hopeless outlook 0 left to x6 ,! notion is incr$ible1 & mo/ ( ! cle>-head$ m5 :o hold x w\ld sc\t x )\t discussion if !y he>d ( x n[ = ! fir/ "t4 ,z x is1 h[ev]1 !y g on talk+ ( ! awful hol9ess ( ,god1 ! (f5ce aga9/ ! div9e maje/y1 & s on4 ,b :at is ?is div9e hol9ess8 ,i c well rememb] t z a *ild ,i us$ to tremble at ! ?\ght ( x1 = someh[1 l a good _m o!r p1 ,i _h be5 taught to ?9k ( ! div9e hol9ess z synonym\s ) m]ciless inflexibility4 ,b hol9ess1 righte\sness1 ju/ice1 m]cy1 love1 are b diff]5t expressions ( ! same spiritual reality4 ,"o might g on multiply+ ^! consid]ations = ev]1 b !re is no ne$ to d s4 ,suffici5t has be5 said to demon/rate ! fact t ! doctr9e ( ! ,fall is an absurdity f ! po9t ( view bo? ( e?ical consi/5cy & common s5se4 ,sci5ce & ! ,fall4--,aft] ?is x is almo/ sup]flu\s to po9t out t mod]n sci5ce kn[s no?+ ( x & c f9d no trace ( su* a cataclysm 9 human hi/ory4 ,on ! contr>y1 x ass]ts t !re has be5 a gradual & unmi/akable rise2 ! law ( evolution gov]ns human affairs j z x does e o!r "p ( ! cosmic process4 ,?is /atem5t is q consi/5t ) ! admission t !re h be5 p]iods ( retrogression z well z ( advance1 & t ! advance itself has n be5 /eady & uni=m f fir/ to la/2 !re h be5 long /ret*es ( hi/ory dur+ :i* humanity has seem$ to m>k "t & !n a sudd5 outbur/ ( intellectual activity & moral a*ievem5t4 ,x c\ld h>dly be ma9ta9$1 = in/ance1 t ! ,a!ns ( ,socrates 0 n sup]ior to ! ,france ( ,fulk ! black ( ,anj\1 or t ! ,assyria ( ,as%ur-bani-pal 0 n q z civilis$ z ! ,g]many ( ! n9? c5tury ,a4,d4 ,alfr$ ,russel ,wallace has %[n 9 8 popul> book1 ,! ,wond]ful ,c5tury1 t ! latt] half ( ! n9ete5? c5tury witness$ a great] advance 9 man's p[] ov] nature ?an ! fifte5 hundr$ ye>s prec$+ x4 ,!re are "s p :o ma9ta9 t :ile ! mat]ial advance is unque/ionable1 ! intellectual advance is on ! :ole m d\btful1 & t1 morally speak+1 human nature is no diff]5t f :at x ev] 04 ,b ,i d n ?9k any s]i\s hi/orian w\ld say ?is4 ,intellectually1 ! av]age man may /ill be inf]ior to ,plato1--?\gh ev5 ,plato did n und]/& ! ne$ = exact ?\ght z mod]n philosoph]s d1--b civilisation z a :ole has produc$ a high] level ( intellectual atta9m5t ?an _h be5 rea*$ by ,plato's _w4 ,a civilisation 9 :i* f\r-fif?s ( ! p 7 helots kept 9 ignorance 9 ord] t an ari/ocratic few might enjoy ! b5efits ( culture 0 n equal to ours1 great & gl>+ z ! defects ( ours may be4 ,aga91 :ile x is only too sadly true t mod]n civilisation conta9s pl5ty ( call\s selfi%ness1 gross inju/ice1 & abom9able cruelty1 x c h>dly be d5i$ t ^! relics ( our brute ance/ry are univ]sally deplor$1 & t society recognises !m to be inimical to its well-be+ & seeks to get rid ( !m4 ,?ank ,god1 z ,an?ony ,trollope said1 t bad z m5 are to-day !y are n z m5 7 9 ! days ( ! ,caes>s4 ,if ! ,new ,!ology controv]sy _h aris5 a few hundr$ ye>s ago1 !ological disputants w\ld n h wa/$ "t 9 writ+ newspap] articles2 !y w\ld h met 9 solemn conclave & condemn$ ! h]etic to be flay$ alive or hung ov] a sl[ fire or treat$ 9 "s simil>ly conv9c+ mann]4 ,( c\rse x is remotely possible t "s ( !m w\ld l to d x n[1 b public op9ion w\ld n let !m2 ?+s h *ang$1 & ! *ange is 9 ! direction ( a high] g5]al morality4 ,if any man feels pessimi/ic ab\t ! pres5t1 let him /udy ! pa/ & he w feel reassur$4 ,^? :o ma9ta9 t society is n morally bett] b only m s5tim5tal1 beg ! "q4 ,:at !y call s5tim5talism is great] s5sibility1 great] sympa?y1 a ke5] s5se ( ju/ice4 ,:at is ! moral ideal b love8 ,e advance 9 ! direction ( univ]sal love & bro!rhood is a moral advance4 ,! /]nness ( ,/oicism or ,puritanism 0 an imp]fect morality4 ,! gr&eur & impressiv5ess ( x 7 due to ! fact t ,/oics & ,puritans = ! mo/ "p took _! ideal s]i\sly2 !y aim$ at some?+ high & d$icat$ _! lives to x4 ,?is d$ication ( ! life to some?+ high] ?an self-int]e/ is ( ! v ess5ce ( true morality1 & its highe/ rea* is p]fect love4 ,we are a long way f t yet1 al?\gh ! ideal 0 manife/$ two ?\s& ye>s ago4 ,! av]age man to-day is c]ta9ly n nobl] ?an ! apo/le ,paul1 nor does he see m deeply into ! true mean+ ( life ?an did ,john ! div9e1 b ! g5]al level is high]4 ,sl[ly1 v sl[ly1 ) e n[ & !n a depress+ set-back1 ! race is climb+ ! /eep asc5t t[>d ! ideal ( univ]sal bro!rhood4 ,x is sometimes ma9ta9$ by ?9k]s :o acc\nt !mselves progressive t ! law ( evolution holds good ( mank9d s f> z our physical con/itution is conc]n$1 b t a special act ( creation took place z soon z ! physical frame 0 suffici5tly develop$ to become ! receptacle ( a high] pr9ciple1 & t !n1 & n till !n1 man became a liv+ s\l4 ,b x is impossible to squ>e ! circle 9 ?is way1 & to contrive to get ! doctr9e ( ! ,fall 9 by ! back door1 s to speak4 ,! idea 9 ! m9ds ( ^? :o hold ?is view appe>s to be t ! t5ant ( ! body :i* _h be5 s long 9 prep>ation 0 a simple b intellig5t & morally innoc5t p]sonality :o =?) proce$$ to d all t ,adam is cr$it$ ) & !re=e spoil$ :at w\ld o!rwise h be5 a h>moni\s & ord]ly developm5t2 :at we n[ see is n evolution z ,god meant x1 b evolution p]v]t$ by human wrong-head$ness4 ,b ?is !ory conta9s m difficulties ?an ! old] "o x aims to replace4 ,x makes ,god ev5 m incompet5t !n ! traditional view does4 ,= untold ages1 app>5tly1 ,he has be5 prep>+ ! _w = ! adv5t ( humanity1 only to f9d t ! mom5t humanity ent]s x ! :ole s*eme is spoil$4 ,b we ne$ n s]i\sly consid] ?is view2 ! facts are ov]:elm+ly aga9/ x4 ,! hi/ory1 ev5 ( ! mo/ rec5t civilisations1 is1 comp>atively speak+1 only z old z ye/]day1 :]eas ! pres5ce ( human life on ?is planet is traceable into ! almo/ illimitable pa/4 ,b ! f>!r we g back 9 our inve/igation ( human orig9s ! less possible does x appe> t ! primitive man ( !ological tradition has ev] exi/$4 ,! ,adam ( ! dogmatic !ologian is l ! economic man ( ! old] s*ool ( writ]s on political sci5ce1 ! man :o always wants to buy 9 ! *eape/ m>ket & sell 9 ! de>e/1 & ^: "o consi/5t endeav\r is to seek pleasure & avoid pa92 he has nev] exi/$4 ,div9e imman5ce & its ,fall4--,besides1 we d n want him to exi/4 ,! ,fall !ory is n only impossible 9 face ( ! f9d+s ( mod]n sci5ce2 x is a real h9drance to religion4 ,s f> f hav+ to give x up because sci5ce w\ld h no?+ to say to x1 ! difficulty w\ld be to reta9 x & yet h any?+ l a rational view ( ! relation ( ,god & ! _w4 ,x has already be5 /at$ t ! />t+-po9t ( ! ,new ,!ology is a recognition ( ! tru? t ,god is express+ ,himself ?r\gh ,8 _w4 ,?is tru? occupi$ a place 9 religi\s ?\ght ages be=e mod]n sci5ce 0 ?\ght (2 sci5ce has confirm$ x1 b has n compell$ u to ?9k x2 if sci5ce _h nev] exi/$1 x w\ld /ill rema9 ! only reasonable gr\nd = an adequate explanation ( ! relation ( man to ! univ]se4 ,x simplifies all our que/ion+s & cord9ates all our activities4 ,!re is n a s+le "o 9 ! :ole va/ range ( human int]e/s :i* x does n cov]4 ,!re is no?+ :i* humanity c d or seek to d :i* is n imm$iately dep5d5t ^u x4 ,! gr&e/ task & ! l[lie/ are bo? impli$ 9 x4 ,x decl>es ! common basis ( religion & morality4 ,religion is ! response ( human nature to ! :ole ( ?+s consid]$ z an ord]2 morality is ! liv+ ( ! individual life 9 su* a way z to be & d ! mo/ = humanity z a :ole2 x is mak+ ! mo/ ( "o's self = ! sake ( ! :ole4 ,morality is n self-immolation4 ,to jump (f ,london ,bridge w\ld be self-immolation1 b x w\ld n be an act conducive to ! welf>e ( ! community2 x might inde$ be a v selfi% & c[>dly act4 ,true morality involves ! duty ( self-=mation & ! ex]cise ( judgm5t & self-discipl9e 9 ord] t ! individual life may become z great a gift z possible to ! common life4 ,x w !re=e be se5 at once t !re is a vital relation betwe5 morality & religion2 ! "o implies ! o!r ev5 ?\gh ! fact may n always be recognis$1 & bo? are bas$ ^u ! imman5ce ( ,god4 ,! tru? b5ea? ! doctr9e ( ! ,fall4--,b nev] yet has a p>ticul> doctr9e or mode ( /at+ tru? held its own = any l5g? ( "t 9 human hi/ory unless !re 0 "s g5u9e tru? b5ea? x1 & ! doctr9e ( ! ,fall is no exception4 ,x does conta9 a tru?1 a tru? :i* c be /at$ 9 a few words1 & :i* might be inf]r$ f :at has already be5 said ab\t ! relation%ip ( man & ,god4 ,! com+ ( a f9ite creation into be+ is itself ( ! nature ( a fall1 a com+ d[n f p]fection to imp]fection4 ,we h se5 ! reason = t com+ d[n2 x is t ! univ]sal life may realise its own nature by att5uat+ or limit+ its p]fection4 ,if ,i want to und]/& ! composition ( ! ord9>y pure :ite ray1 ,i take a prism & break x up into its con/itu5ts4 ,?is is j :at ,god has be5 do+ 9 creation4 ,our pres5t consci\sness ( ourselves & ( ! _w c reasonably be acc\nt$ a fall1 = we came f ! inf9ite & unto ! inf9ite p]fection we %all 9 ! end return4 ,i d n mean t our pres5t consci\sness ( ourselves is et]nal2 ,i only ass]t t our true be+ is et]nally "o ) ! be+ ( ,god & t to be sep>at$ f a full k ( t tru? is to h und]gone a fall4 ,b ?is fall has no s9i/] antec$5ts2 its purpose is good1 & !re is no?+ to m\rn ov] except our own sl[ness at gett+ into l9e ) ! cosmic purpose4 ,ano!r way ( describ+ x w\ld be to call x ! inc>nation ( ,god 9 nature & man1 a subject ab\t :i* ,i mu/ say m 9 ano!r *apt]4 ,?is view ( ! mean+ & significance ( ! ,fall c be trac$ 9 all great religi\s lit]ature4 ,p]haps "o ( ! be/ /atem5ts ( x t has ev] be5 made is ! "o set =? by ,paul ( ,t>sus 9 ! eigh? *apt] ( 8 lett] to ! ,romans3 ,= ,i reckon t ! suff]+s ( ?is pres5t "t are n wor?y to be comp>$ ) ! glory :i* %all be reveal$ 9 u4 ,= ! e>ne/ expectation ( ! creature waite? = ! manife/ation ( ! sons ( ,god4 ,= ! creature 0 made subject to vanity1 n will+ly1 b by ! reason ( him :o ha? subject$ ! same 9 hope1 because ! creature itself also %all be deliv]$ f ! bondage ( corruption into ! glori\s lib]ty ( ! *ildr5 ( ,god4 ,= we "k t ! :ole creation groane? & travaile? 9 pa9 toge!r until n[4 ,passages l ?is make x impossible to believe t ,paul 0 ev] really ti$ d[n to ! lit]al rabb9ical view ( ,adam's transgression & its consequ5ces2 & ^! words are a cle> /atem5t ( ! tru? t ! imp]fection ( ! f9ite ,creation is n man's fault b ,god's w1 & is a means t[>d a great end4 ,,*apt] ,v ,,jesus ,,! ,,div9e ,,man ,! c5trality ( ,jesus4--,all t has be5 said hi!rto is b a prep>ation = ! discussion ( ! greate/ subject t at pres5t occupies ! field ( fai? & morals1 t ( ! p]sonality ( ,jesus & ,8 significance = mank9d4 ,x has be5 repeat$ly po9t$ out bo? by fri5ds & foes ( ! ,new ,!ology t ! ultimate "q = ! ,*ri/ian religion is t ( ! place occupi$ by its ,f\nd]4 ,:o or :at 0 ,jesus8 ,h[ mu* c we really "k ab\t ,him8 ,:at value does ,he possess = ! religi\s consci\sness to-day8 ,all o!r que/ions ab\t ! ,*ri/ian religion are ( m9or importance comp>$ ) ^!1 & if we are prep>$ ) an answ] to ^! we h by implication answ]$ all ! re/4 ,*ri/ianity is 9 a special s5se imm$iately dep5d5t ^u its ,f\nd]4 ,no o!r religion has ev] reg>d$ its f\nd] z ,*ri/ians reg>d _! ,ma/]4 ,*ri/ianity draws its su/5ance f ! belief t ,jesus is /ill alive & impact+ ,himself ^u ! _w ?r\gh ,8 foll[]s4 ,o!r great religions trace _! orig9 to ! tea*+ & example ( "s exceptional p]son2 ,*ri/ianity does ! same1 b ) ! add$ conviction t ,jesus is z mu* 9 ! _w z ev] & t ,8 pres5ce is realis$ 9 ! my/ic union betwe5 ,himself & ^? :o "k & love ,him4 ,if ?is be true1 x is a fact ( ! v highe/ importance & "o :i* c nei!r be pass$ ov] nor relegat$ to a subord9ate position4 ,*ri/ianity )\t ,jesus is ! _w )\t ! sun4 ,if1 z ,i readily admit1 ! great "q = religion 9 ! imm$iate future is t ( ! p]son ( ,jesus1 ! soon] we address ourselves to x ! bett]4 ,be=e discuss+ :at !ology has to say ( ,him let u note 9 g5]al t]ms :at ! civilis$ _w is say+1 !ology or no !ology4 ,i suppose ! mo/ out-&-out mat]iali/ w\ld admit t 9 ! we/]n _w ! "n ( ,jesus ex]cises an influ5ce to :i* no o!r is ev5 remotely comp>able4 ,p]haps he w\ld ev5 g s f> z to admit t !re is no "n any:]e :i* means s mu* to ^? :o he> x4 ,x is n m]ely t ! /ronge/ civilisation on e>? rev]5ces t "n1 b t !re is no o!r civilisation :i* c produce a p>allel to x4 ,! ne>e/ approa* to x is t ( ,gautama1 & ,i ?9k x w\ld be g5]ally admitt$ t ! influ5ce ev5 ( ?is mighty & beautiful _s has nev] possess$ ! imm$iacy1 int5sity1 & p]sonal value :i* di/+ui% t ( ,jesus4 ,x might be ma9ta9$ ) "s %[ ( reason t ! civilisation ( ,*ri/5dom1 al?\gh x is n[ be+ copi$ by non-,*ri/ian communities su* z ,japan1 is n necess>ily ! highe/ because x happ5s to be ! /ronge/1 & t x is ev5 reg>d$ ) contempt by ! be/ repres5tatives ( "s m anci5t fai?s4 ,/ill t is n q ! po9t4 ,! po9t is t ! "n ( ,jesus1 :i* /&s = a moral ideal :i* is ! v negation ( mat]ialism1 comm&s a rev]5ce1 & inde$ a wor%ip1 ! l ( :i* no o!r has ev] receiv$ 9 ! hi/ory ( mank9d4 ,x is no use try+ to place ,jesus 9 a r[ along ) o!r religi\s ma/]s4 ,he is fir/ & ! re/ n[h]e2 we h no category = ,him4 ,i am n try+ to prove ! impossible1 namely1 t ,*ri/ianity is ! only true religion & ! re/ are all false4 ,we %all get on bett] :5 t k9d ( nons5se ceases to be spok54 ,all ,i am conc]n$ to emphasise is t someh[ ,jesus seems to sum up & focus ! religi\s ideal = mank9d4 ,8 influ5ce = good is great] ?an t ( all ! ma/]s ( m5 put toge!r1 & /ill goes on increas+4 ,x is a notable fact t al?\gh *ur*es & cre$s are los+ _! hold ^u ! mod]n m9d1 ! "n ( ,jesus is held 9 great] reg>d ?an ev]4 ,we h he>d ( a meet+ ( workm5 *e]+ ,jesus & hiss+ ! *ur*es4 ,9 our day mo/ p are agre$ t 9 ,jesus we h ! mo/ p]fect life ev] exhibit$ to humanity4 ,x is n only ,*ri/ians :o take ?is view2 ev]yone1 or ne>ly ev]yone1 does s4 ,"s ye>s ago a book 0 publi%$ :i* bore on ! title-page ! "q1 ,:at w\ld ,jesus d8 ,! book 0 n v well writt51 & ,i d n ?9k ! writ] w\ld h claim$ t x conta9$ any?+ orig9al1 b x _h an enorm\s sale simply because ( its attempt to answ] ! "q on ! cov]s4 ,! mo/ unlikely p b\ght & read x1 p :o nev] w5t to *ur* & w\ld n dream ( do+ s4 ,f indications su* z ^! "o is ju/ifi$ 9 ass]t+ t our we/]n civilisation has accept$ z true t1 no matt] :o ,jesus 01 ,8 "* repres5ts ! highe/ /&>d = human atta9m5t4 ,9 seek+ moral excell5ce ! individual & ! race are ?us mov+ t[>d an ideal already manife/$ 9 hi/ory4 ,! mo/ effective taunt t c be levell$ at inconsi/5t ,*ri/ians is t !y are unlike _! ,ma/]4 ,criticisms ( ! "* ( ,jesus are n[ few 9 numb]1 & usually take ! =m ( decl>+ t x is impracticable or impossible1 n t x is undesirable or imp]fect4 ,"s1 no d\bt1 w\ld ma9ta9 t p]haps ! real ,jesus did n answ] to ! ideal :i* ,*ri/ians h =m$ ( ,him1 b t is ano!r "q4 ,"h we are n[ face to face ) ! unescapable fact t ! greate/ moral & religi\s =ce 9 ! _w is embodi$ 9 ! "n ( ,jesus1 & ?is by g5]al cons5t4 ,! ,jesus ( traditional !ology4--,b :at has traditional ,*ri/ian !ology to say ab\t ,jesus8 ,"h we ent] a region 9 :i* ! ord9>y man ( ! _w does n live & is nev] likely to live1 b we _c af=d to ignore x4 ,accord+ to ! receiv$ !ology1 ,jesus 0 & is ,god & man 9 a s5se 9 :i* no "o else ev] has be5 or ev] w be4 ,z ! %ort] cate*ism has x1 foll[+ ! language ( ! anci5t cre$s1 ,!re are ?ree p]sons 9 "o ,god1 ! same 9 sub/ance1 equal 9 p[] & glory1 & ,jesus is ! second ( ! ?ree4 ,?is k9d ( /atem5t _c b be confus+ to ! ord9>y m9d ( to-day if only because ! ^w p]son does n mean to u q ! same ?+ t x meant to ! fram]s ( ! anci5t cre$s4 ,/range z x may seem to "s ( my read]s1 ,i believe :at ! cre$s say ab\t ! p]son ( ,jesus1 b ,i believe x 9 a way t puts no gulf betwe5 ,him & ! re/ ( ! human race4 ,?is1 ,i tru/1 w become cle>] z we proce$2 x seems to me to be impli$ 9 any real belief conc]n+ ! imman5ce ( ,god4 ,i ?9k ev5 ! ,a?anasian cre$ is a magnific5t piece ( "w if only ! *ur*es w\ld cons5t to und]/& x 9 t]ms ( ! olde/ !ology ( all6 ,b1 accord+ to conv5tional !ology1 ! second p]son 9 ! ,tr9ity1 :o 0 coequal & coet]nal ) ,god ! ,fa!r1 laid aside ,8 glory1 became inc>nate = our salvation1 0 born ( a virg91 liv$ a brief suff]+ life1 wr\ght _m miracles1 di$ a %ameful dea?1 rose aga9 f ! tomb on ! second morn+ aft] ,he _h be5 laid 9 x1 & asc5d$ into heav5 9 full view ( ,8 wond]+ disciples4 ,9 fulfilm5t ( a promise made by ,him %ortly be=e ! crucifixion1 & repeat$ be=e ! asc5sion1 ,he & ! ,fa!r conjo9tly s5t ! ?ird p]son 9 ! ,tr9ity to endue ) p[] f on high ! simple m5 ^: duty x n[ became to proclaim ! gospel ( salvation to ! _w4 ,jesus is n[ on ! ?rone ( ,8 glory1 b soon] or lat] ,he w come aga9 to w9d up ! pres5t disp5sation & to be ! ,judge ( ! quick & ! dead at a gr& assize4 ,!re is a s5se 9 :i* all ?is is true1 b x is commonly express$ 9 su* a way t ! tru? is lo/ sight (4 ,lit]ally und]/ood x is incr$ible4 ,! only way to get at ! tru? 9 e "o ( ^! v5]able articles ( ! ,*ri/ian fai? w be to %$ ! husk1 & t we mu/ d )\t hesitation or compromise4 ,a m accurate hi/oric p]spective w\ld save u f ! crudities s (t5 prea*$ f ! pulpits 9 ! "n ( ,*ri/ian tru?1 crudities :i* repel s _m intellig5t m5 f ! b5efits ( public wor%ip4 ,!re nev] has be5 ! slighte/ ne$ = any man ( ?\ghtful m9d & rev]5t _s to recoil f ! fundam5tals ( ! ,*ri/ian cre$4 ,rightly und]/ood !y are ! fundam5tals ( human nature itself4 ,godhead & manhood4--,! fir/ 9 ord] ( ?\ght is t ( ! ,godhead ( ,jesus4 ,z reg>ds ?is t5et ,i ?9k x %\ld be easily possible to %[ t ! mo/ conv9c$ adh]5t ( ! traditional !ology does n believe & nev] has believ$ :at he pr(esses to hold4 ,! t]ms ) :i* we h to deal are ,deity1 div9ity1 & humanity4 ,a good deal ( confusion exi/s conc]n+ ! int]relation ( ^! ?ree4 ,x is suppos$ t humanity & div9ity are mutually exclusive1 & t div9ity & ,deity mu/ necess>ily mean exactly ! same ?+4 ,b ?is is n s4 ,x foll[s f ! fir/ pr9ciple ( ! ,new ,!ology t all ! ?ree are fundam5tally & ess5tially "o1 b 9 scope & ext5t !y are diff]5t4 ,by ! ,deity we mean--& ,i suppose ev]yone means--! all-controll+ consci\sness ( ! univ]se z well z ! inf9ite1 unfa?omable1 & unkn[able abyss ( be+ beyond4 ,by div9ity we mean ! ess5ce ( ! nature ( ! imman5t ,god1 ! inn]mo/ & all-det]m9+ quality ( t nature2 we h already se5 t accord+ to ! ,*ri/ian religion ! inn]mo/ quality ( ! div9e nature is p]fect love4 ,%[ u p]fect love & y h %[n u ! div9e/ ?+ ! univ]se c produce1 :e!r x kn[s itself to be imm$iately direct$ & controll$ by ! inf9ite consci\sness ( ,deity or :e!r x does n4 ,x is cle>1 !n1 t al?\gh ,deity & div9ity are ess5tially "o1 ! latt] is ! less] t]m & is dep5d5t = its validity ^u ! =m]4 ,humanity is a less] t]m /ill4 ,x /&s = t expression ( ! div9e nature :i* we associate ) our limit$ human consci\sness4 ,/rictly speak+1 ! human & div9e are two categories :i* %ade into & imply ea* o!r2 humanity is div9ity view$ f bel[1 div9ity is humanity view$ f above4 ,if any human be+ c\ld succe$ 9 liv+ a life ( p]fect love1 t is a life ^: en]gies 7 direct$ t[>d imp]sonal ends1 & :i* 0 liv$ 9 su* a way z to be & d ! utmo/ = ! :ole1 he w\ld %[ himself div9e1 = he w\ld h reveal$ ! inn]mo/ ( ,god4 ,n[ let u apply ^! def9itions to ! p]sonality ( ,jesus4 ,grant$ t ! devotion ( ,*ri/ians has be5 "r 9 recognis+ 9 ,him ! "o p]fect human life1 t is1 ! "o life :i* consi/5tly & f fir/ to la/ 0 liv$ 9 t]ms ( ! :ole1 :at are we to call x except div9e8 ,9 a s5se1 ( c\rse1 ev]y?+ t exi/s is div9e1 because ! :ole univ]se is an expression ( ! be+ ( ,god4 ,b x c h>dly be s]i\sly cont5d$ t a crocodile is z mu* an expression ( ,god z ,g5]al ,boo?4 ,x is wise & "r1 !re=e1 to re/rict ! ^w div9e to ! k9d ( consci\sness :i* kn[s itself to be1 & rejoices to be1 ! expression ( a love :i* is a consi/5t self-giv+ to ! univ]sal life4 ,god is love2 & he t dwelle? 9 love dwelle? 9 ,god & ,god 9 him4 ,g5]al ,boo? is div9e 9 s f> z ?is is ! gov]n+ pr9ciple ( 8 life4 ,jesus 0 div9e simply & solely because ,8 life 0 nev] gov]n$ by any o!r pr9ciple4 ,we d n ne$ to talk ( two natures 9 ,him1 or to ?9k ( a my/]i\s divid+ l9e on "o side ( :i* ,he 0 human & on ! o!r div9e4 ,9 ,him humanity 0 div9ity & div9ity1 humanity4 ,does anyone ?9k t ?is br+s ,jesus d[n to our level8 ,assur$ly x does n2 we are f> too prone to be rul$ by names4 ,to ! ord9>y ,*ri/ian ?is explanation ( ! div9ity ( ,jesus may seem equival5t to ! d5ial ( ,8 uniqu5ess1 b x is no?+ ( ! k9d4 ,i h already devot$ "s little space to emphasis+ ! obvi\s fact t x is impossible to d5y ! uniqu5ess ( ,jesus2 hi/ory has settl$ t "q = u4 ,if all ! !ologians & mat]iali/s put toge!r 7 to set to "w to-morr[ to try to %[ t ,jesus 0 j l o!r p1 !y w\ld n succe$1 = ! civilis$ _w has already made up its m9d on t po9t1 & by a "r in/9ct recognises ,jesus z ! unique /&>d ( human excell5ce4 ,b ?is is n to say t we %all nev] rea* t /&>d too2 q ! contr>y4 ,we mu/ rea* x 9 ord] to fulfil our de/9y & to cr[n & complete ,8 "w4 ,to /op %ort ( manife/+ ! p]fect love ( ,god w\ld be to fail ( ! object = :i* we are "h & to r5d] ! adv5t ( ,jesus useless4 ,*ri/5dom already kn[s ?is p]fectly well1 al?\gh x has n always succe$$ 9 express+ x ) p]fect cle>ness4 ,belov$1 n[ are we sons ( ,god1 & x do? n yet appe> :at we %all be1 b we "k t :5 ,he 7or r x7 %all appe>1 we %all be l ,him4 ,9 our practical religion we all1 ev5 ! mo/ reaction>y ( u1 reg>d ! div9ity ( ,jesus j 9 ?is way4 ,x has no o!r value4 ,we talk ( imitat+ ,him1 con=m+ to ,8 lik5ess1 %[+ ,8 _s1 & s on4 ,:5 we want a model = c\rage1 fidelity1 g5tl5ess1 humility1 unselfi%ness1 we promptly turn to ,jesus4 ,ev5 9 our relations ) ,god we try to foll[ ,8 lead2 in/9ctively we range ourselves ) ,him :5 we address ! univ]sal ,fa!r2 until we come to cre$-mak+ we nev] ?9k ( putt+ ,him on ! ,god side ( ?+s & ourselves on ano!r4 ,ca?olic or ,prote/ant1 or?odox or unor?odox1 ,unit>ian or ,tr9it>ian1 we all accept 9 practice ! id5tity ( ! div9e & human 9 ,jesus & pot5tially 9 ourselves4 ,b y make ,him only a man6 ,no1 read]1 ,i d n4 ,i make ,him ! only ,man--& !re is a diff]5ce4 ,we h only se5 p]fect manhood once & t 0 ! manhood ( ,jesus4 ,! re/ ( u h got to get !re4 ,jesus & ,deity4--,?is br+s u to ! fur!r "q ( ! ,deity ( ,jesus4 ,z a matt] ( fact1 z ,i h already indicat$1 ?is "q1 too1 has long be5 settl$ 9 practice4 ,if by ! ,deity ( ,jesus is meant t ,he possess$ ! all-controll+ consci\sness ( ! univ]se1 !n assur$ly ,he 0 n ! ,deity = ,he did n possess t consci\sness4 ,he pray$ to ,8 ,fa!r1 sometimes ) agony & dread2 ,he wond]$1 suff]$1 wept1 & grew we>y4 ,he confess$ ,8 ignorance ( "s ?+s & decl>$ ,himself to h no conc]n ) o!rs2 x is ev5 d\btful h[ f> ,he 0 prep>$ to receive ! homage ( ^? ab\t ,him4 ,if !re be "o ?+ :i* becomes indisputable f ! read+ ( ! gospel n>ratives x is t ,jesus possess$ a true human consci\sness1 limit$ l our own1 &1 l our own1 subject to ! ord9>y ills ( life4 ,once aga9 ev]ybody kn[s ?is aft] a fa%ion4 ,! mo/ det]m9$ ( s-call$ or?odox controv]siali/s w\ld h>dly try to ma9ta9 t ! consci\sness ( ,jesus 0 at once limit$ & unlimit$4 ,to d s w\ld be an impossible feat2 if ,jesus 0 ! ,deity1 ,he c]ta9ly 0 n ! :ole ( ! ,deity dur+ ,8 resid5ce on e>?1 :atev] ,he may be n[4 ,b1 x may be object$1 9 ,8 e>?ly life ,he 0 ! ,deity self-limit$3 ,he empti$ ,himself1 tak+ ! =m ( a s]vant1 etc4 ,q s1 b see :]e ?is /atem5t leads4 ,! ,new ,!ology c consi/5tly make x1 b x is difficult to see h[ t new] !ology :i* calls itself or?odoxy manages to d s4 ,does ! self-limitation ( ,jesus mean t ! ,deity 0 less5$ 9 any way dur+ ! inc>nation8 ,:y1 ( c\rse n1 we %\ld all say2 ! ,deity cont9u$ ) inf9ite fulness unimpair$ above & beyond ! consci\sness ( ,jesus4 ,!n are we to und]/& t ?is self-limitation ( ,jesus meant t ! et]nal ,son1 or second p]son 9 ! ,tr9ity1 ! ,^w by :om ! worlds 7 made1 quitt$ ! ?rone ( ,8 glory & liv$ = ?irty-?ree ye>s z a ,jewi% peasant8 ,i ?9k ! dogmatic !ologian w\ld h "s hesitation 9 giv+ an unqualifi$ affirmative to ?is "q1 = ! difficulties impli$ 9 x are practically insurm\ntable4 ,0 ! full consci\sness ( ! et]nal ,^w pres5t 9 ! babe ( ,be?lehem1 = in/ance8 ,if n1 :]e 0 x8 ,que/ions l ^! _c be answ]$ on ! l9es ( ! conv5tional ,*ri/ology4 ,! pla9 & simple answ] to all ( !m is to admit t ! ,jesus ( hi/ory did n possess ! consci\sness ( ,deity dur+ ,8 life on e>?4 ,8 consci\sness 0 z purely human z our own4 ,any special insight :i* ,he possess$ into ! true relations ( ,god & man 0 due to ! moral p]fection ( ,8 nature & n to ,8 metaphysical /atus4 ,he 0 ,god manife/ 9 ! fle% because ,8 life 0 a consi/5t expression ( div9e love & n o!rwise4 ,b ,he 0 n ,god manife/ 9 ! fle% 9 any way :i* w\ld cut ,him (f f ! re/ ( human k9d4 ,accord+ to ! receiv$ !ology1 ,jesus & ,jesus only1 out ( all ! be+s :o h ev] trodd5 ! road :i* humanity has to travel1 exi/$ be=e all ages4 ,we live our ?reescore ye>s & t5 & !n pass on into et]nity2 ,he 0 et]nal to beg9 )4 ,he comes to e>? ) a ho>y antiquity beh9d ,him1 a timeless life to look back ^u2 we h j flutt]$ into exi/5ce4 ,surely any ord9>y intellig5ce c see t ?is k9d ( !ologis+ puts an impassable gulf at once betwe5 ,jesus & e o!r p]son :o has ev] be5 born ( an e>?ly "m4 ,c]ta9ly x does1 ! !ologian may decl>e1 & rightly s1 = t gulf exi/s2 ,he assum$ human nature1 b ,he 0 et]nally div9e be=e ,he did s1 & we are n4 ,i d n ne$ to refute ?is argum5t2 ! tr5d ( mod]n ?\ght is already do+ s mo/ effectually4 ,x is a gratuit\s assumption )\t a %r$ ( evid5ce to support x4 ,besides1 un=tunately = ?is k9d ( /atem5t1 ! sci5tific inve/igation ( ,*ri/ian orig9s1 & ! application ( ! sci5tific me?od to ! hi/ory ( ,*ri/ian doctr9e h %[n u h[ ! dogma ( ! ,deity ( ,jesus grew up4 ,x 0 a comp>atively late developm5t 9 ,*ri/ianity1 & its practical implications nev] h be5 accept$1 al?\gh at "o "t !re 0 a dang] t ! w9some figure ( ,jesus w\ld be remov$ altoge!r f ! field ( human int]e/ & reg>d4 ,! ,jesus ( ,mi*ael ,angelo's ,la/ ,judgm5t is a t]rify+ figure )\t a trace ( ! l[ly ,naz>5e ab\t ,him1 & yet ?is 0 ! ,jesus ( ! conv5tional ,*ri/ianity ( ! "t4 ,x 0 ?r\gh ?is dehumanis+ ( ,jesus 9 ,*ri/ian ?\ght & exp]i5ce t ,m>iolatry arose 9 ! ,roman *ur*4 ,c\ld any?+ be m grotesque ?an ! sugge/ion t ! "m ( ,jesus %\ld ne$ to plead ) h] son to be m]ciful ) frail humanity8 ,& yet ?is is :at x came to2 ! figure ( ,m>y 0 introduc$ 9 ord] to pres]ve a real humanity 9 our relations ) ! ,godhead4 ,all hon\r to ^? :o h call$ u back to ! real ,jesus1 ! ,jesus ( ,galilee & ,j]usalem1 ! ,jesus ) ! prophet's fire1 ! ,jesus :o 0 s g5tle ) little *ildr5 & err+ wom51 & yet be=e :om cant+ hypocrites & trucul5t ecclesia/ics slunk away aba%$4 ,^u ?is recov]$ ,jesus ! _w has n[ fix$ its ador+ gaze1 & x w n readily let ,him g aga94 ,div9e manhood & ,unit>ianism4--,b !n1 someone w prote/1 ?is is %e] ,unit>ianism aft] all2 y d n believe 9 ! ,jesus :o is ! object ( ! fai? ( ,*ri/5dom1 b 9 "o :o 0 only a man among m52 y d n ?9k ( ,him z v ,god ( v ,god4 ,n s fa/2 we are busy ) names aga94 ,mo/ ( u h a t5d5cy to ?9k t if we c get a doctr9e labell$ & pigeonhol$1 we "k all ab\t x1 b we are g5]ally mi/ak54 ,?is is n ,unit>ianism1 & ,i d believe t ,jesus 0 v ,god1 z ,i h already %[n4 ,we h to get rid ( ! dualism :i* w insi/ on putt+ humanity & ,deity into two sep>ate categories4 ,i say x is n ,unit>ianism1 = hi/oric ,unit>ianism has be5 j z prone to ?is dualism z ! extreme/ ,tr9it>ianism has ev] be54 ,l ,tr9it>ianism x has (t5 t5d$ to reg>d humanity z on "o side ( a gulf & ,deity z on ! o!r2 x has emphasis$ too mu* ! transc5d5ce ( ,god4 ,! s5t5ce quot$ above f an or?odox ,tr9it>ian div9e ab\t ,god's et]nal em95ce & ,8 desc5t on a creat$ _w might j z well h be5 employ$ by an out-&-out ,unit>ian4 ,mod]n ,unit>ianism is 9 "p ! desc5dant ( eighte5?-c5tury ,deism :i* insi/$ ^u ! transc5d5ce ( ,god almo/ to ! exclusion ( ,8 imman5ce2 x ?\ght ( ,god z away some:]e above ! univ]se1 wat*+ x b leav+ ! ma*9e pretty mu* to itself4 ,unit>ianism 9 ! c\rse ( its hi/ory f ! fir/ c5tury d[nw>d has pass$ ?r\gh a good _m phases4 ,pres5t-day ,unit>ianism is prea*+ ) f]v\r & cle>ness ! f\ndation tru? ( ! ,new ,!ology1 ! fundam5tal unity ( ,god & man4 ,b x does n belong to x exclusively1 & ,i decl9e to be labell$ ,unit>ian because ,i prea* x too4 ,! ,new ,!ology is n a victory = ,unit>ianism4 ,if ev] ! ,engli%-speak+ communities ( ! _w %\ld come to be unit$ "u a s+le flag1 w\ld x be j & wise to call !m all ,am]icans8 ,no d\bt "s ( our ,am]ican c\s9s w\ld l to ?9k s1 b !re is en\gh ( virility & solid wor? on ! ,briti% side ( ! "q to make t description impossible4 ,! title w\ld be a misnom]1 & 9 fact an absurdity4 ,! case 9 reg>d to ! connection ( ! ,new ,!ology ) ,unit>ianism is n dissimil>4 ,x is only sect>ian ,unit>ians :o w\ld try to claim x = _! own d5om9ation2 ! be/ & mo/ out/&+ expon5ts ( ,unit>ianism w\ld n wi% to d any?+ ( ! k9d1 = !y "k well en\gh t hi/orically speak+ !y h n consi/5tly /ood = x any m ?an any o!r d5om9ation4 ,! ,new ,!ology does n belong to any "o *ur* b to all4 ,= my own "p ,i w\ld n ev5 take ! tr\ble to try to turn a ,roman ,ca?olic into a ,prote/ant4 ,let e man /ay 9 ! *ur* ^: spiritual atmosph]e & modes ( wor%ip be/ accord ) 8 temp]am5t1 b let him recognise ! deep] unity t lies bel[ ! =mal cre$s4 ,! old issue betwe5 ,unit>ianism & ,tr9it>ianism vani%es 9 ! ,new ,!ology2 ! bottom is knock$ out ( ! controv]sy4 ,unit>ianism us$ to decl>e t ,jesus 0 man n ,god2 ,tr9it>ianism ma9ta9$ t ,he 0 ,god & man2 ! olde/ ,*ri/ian ?\ght1 z well z ! y\nge/1 reg>ds ,him z ,god 9 man--,god manife/ 9 ! fle%4 ,b "h em]ges a great po9t ( diff]5ce betwe5 ! ,new ,!ology on ! "o h& & traditional or?odoxy on ! o!r4 ,! latt] w\ld re/rict ! description ,god manife/ 9 ! fle% to ,jesus alone2 ! ,new ,!ology w\ld ext5d x 9 a less] degree to all humanity1 & w\ld ma9ta9 t 9 ! end x w be z true ( e individual s\l z ev] x 0 ( ,jesus4 ,inde$1 x is ?is belief t gives value & significance to ! e>?ly mission ( ,jesus2 ,he came to %[ u :at we pot5tially are4 ,?is is a great & important issue1 :i* requires to be treat$ 9 a sep>ate *apt]4 ,,*apt] ,,vi ,,! ,,et]nal ,,*ri/ ,9 ! c\rse ( ,*ri/ian hi/ory a good deal ( "t has be5 occupi$ 9 ! discussion ( ! metaphysical "q ( ! complex unity ( ! div9e nature2 & ! result has be5 ! doctr9e ( ! ,tr9ity1 a conception :i*1 x has be5 claim$1 at once satisfies & transc5ds ! op]ations ( ! human intellect4 ,mo/ non-!ological mod]n m9ds are1 h[ev]1 some:at suspici\s ( ! doctr9e ( ! ,tr9ity2 x seems r too speculative & too remote f ord9>y ways ( ?9k+ to possess mu* real value4 ,b ?is is q a mi/ake4 ,we _c disp5se ) ! doctr9e ( ! ,tr9ity1 = x1 or some?+ l x1 is impli$ 9 ! v /ructure ( ! m9d4 ,x belongs to philosophy ev5 m ?an to religion1 & to ! sph]e ( e?ics n less4 ,i d>esay ev5 ! man 9 ! /reet kn[s1 q z c]ta9ly z ! man 9 ! s*ools1 t a metaphysical proposition und]lies ! do+ ( e moral act1 ev5 ?\gh x may nev] be express$4 ,all ?9k+ />ts ) an assumption ( "s k9d1 & )\t an assumption ?\ght is impossible4 ,?is is j z true ( ! /ricte/ sci5tific processes z x is ( d$uctive reason+1 & inde$ x is int]e/+ to wat* ! way 9 :i* )9 rec5t ye>s ideali/ic philosophy & empirical sci5ce h jo9$ h&s4 ,does physical sci5ce1 !n1 imply ! doctr9e ( ! ,tr9ity8 ,yes1 unque/ionably x does1 aft] a fa%ion1 = x />ts ) an assumption :i* takes x = grant$4 ,p]haps ?is w\ld be news to ,pr(essor ,ray ,lanke/]1 & su* z he1 b ,i ?9k ,i c\ld conv9ce !m t ,i am "r if ,i _h !m face to face4 ,to use ! m9d at all we h to assume ?is doctr9e ev5 ?\gh we may n actually =mulate x4 ,*ri/ianity did n inv5t x2 x cl>ifi$ & def9$ x1 b 9 pr9ciple x is z old z ! ex]cise ( human reason4 ,! basal assumption ( ?\ght4--,aft] mak+ a compreh5sive ass]tion ( ?is k9d ,i suppose ,i am b\nd to ju/ify x1 & ,i d n %r9k f ! task4 ,i say t all ?9k+ />ts ) an assumption ( "s k9d1 & exact ?\ght requires t t assumption %all be ! simple/ possible1 ! irr$ucible m9imum b5ea? :i* we _c get4 ,n[ :5 we />t ?9k+ ab\t exi/5ce z a :ole & ourselves 9 p>ticul>1 we are compell$ to assume ! inf9ite1 ! f9ite1 & ! activity ( ! =m] )9 ! latt]4 ,9 o!r words we h to po/ulate ,god1 ! univ]se1 & ,god's op]ation )9 ! univ]se4 ,look at ^! ?ree conceptions = a mom5t & x w be se5 t e "o ( !m implies ! re/2 !y are a ,tr9ity 9 unity4 ,! primordial be+ mu/ be inf9ite1 = !re _c be a f9ite )\t some?+ /ill beyond x4 ,we "k1 too1 t to our exp]i5ce ! univ]se is f9ite2 we c measure1 weigh1 & analyse x--an impossible ?+ to d ) an inf9ite sub/ance4 ,& yet if we ?9k ( inf9ite & f9ite z two entirely di/9ct & unrelat$ modes ( exi/5ce1 we f9d ourselves 9 an impossible position1 = ! inf9ite mu/ be t outside ( :i* no?+ exi/s or c exi/2 s ( c\rse we are compell$ to ?9k ( ! inf9ite z ev] active )9 ! f9ite1 ! s\rce ( *ange & motion1 ! exhau/less p[] :i* makes possible ! v idea ( developm5t f simplicity to complexity4 ,if ! univ]se 7 complete 9 itself1 *ange w\ld n occur1 & a cosmic process1 evolution>y or o!rwise1 w\ld be inconceivable4 ,"h1 !n1 we h ! basal factors ( any true !ology1 philosophy1 or sci5ce4 ,read]s ( ,haeckel's ,riddle ( ! ,univ]se w note t t em95t mat]iali/1 :o pr(esses to d away ) ! v idea ( ,god1 takes ^! factors = grant$2 & yet ,i suppose he w\ld object to be+ told t he believes 9 ! doctr9e ( ! ,tr9ity4 ,b he does1 = he beg9s by assum+ inf9ite space fill$ to ! f>!/ ) matt] pond]able & impond]able1 & =?) proce$s to weigh1 measure1 & divide ! latt] z ?\gh x 7 f9ite6 ,"h are two t]ms ( ! doctr9e ( ! ,tr9ity at once4 ,we get ! ?ird z soon z ,pr(essor ,haeckel sets to "w to expla9 ! cosmic process1 = z he does s he is all ! :ile tak+ = grant$ t ! inf9ite is press+ 9 & up ?r\gh ! f9ite1 evolv+ beauty & ord]1 light & life4 ,! moral basis ( ! doctr9e4--,b x may be cont5d$ t ^! b>e bones ( ! doctr9e ( ! ,tr9ity are n ! doctr9e z x ent]s into spiritual exp]i5ce4 ,i admit ! fact :ile ass]t+ /rongly t b = ?is framework ( intellectual necessity ! doctr9e w\ld be unkn[n to fai? & morals4 ,x is sometimes /at$ t ! doctr9e ( ! ,tr9ity 0 =mulat$ 9 ord] to acc\nt = ,jesus1 b t is only incid5tally true4 ,its fram]s took ! mat]ials = x ov] f ,greek ?\ght1 & ev5 ,greek ?\ght probably inh]it$ x f an old] civilisation /ill1 if inde$ !re 7 any necessity to inh]it x4 ,i cont5d t if we _h nev] he>d ( ! doctr9e 9 connection ) ,jesus1 we %\ld h to inv5t x n[ 9 ord] to acc\nt = ourselves & ! wondr\s univ]se 9 :i* we live4 ,unque/ionably1 h[ev]1 x is f ! po9t ( view ( religion & morals t ! doctr9e has mo/ significance1 & !re=e has become indissolubly associat$ ) ! p]sonality ( ,jesus2 & x is easy to see h[ ?is has come ab\t4 ,?9k]s h always be5 compell$ to con/rue ! univ]se 9 t]ms ( ! highe/ kn[n to man1 namely1 8 own moral nature4 ,x 0 natural1 !re=e1 t :ile !y ?\ght ( ! univ]se z an expression ( ,god1 !y %\ld ?9k ( x z ! expression ( t side ( ,8 be+ :i* c only be describ$ z ! ideal or ar*etypal manhood4 ,! inf9ite be+ ( ,god is utt]ly incompreh5sible to a f9ite m9d1 & 9 reg>d to x ! mo/ dev\t sa9t is z mu* an agno/ic z ! mo/ conv9c$ mat]iali/4 ,b we are ju/ifi$ 9 hold+ t :atev] else ,he may be ,god is ess5tially man1 t is1 ,he is ! f\nt ( humanity4 ,!re mu/ be "o side1 s to speak1 ( ! inf9itely complex be+ ( ,god 9 :i* humanity is et]nally conta9$ & :i* f9ds expression 9 ! f9ite univ]se4 ,humanity is n a vague t]m2 we h already se5 some?+ ( :at x is4 ,we ought n to int]pret x 9 t]ms ( ! primeval savage1 or ev5 ( av]age human nature to-day1 b 9 t]ms ( :at we h come to feel is its highe/ expression1 & t is ,jesus4 ,if we ?9k !re=e ( ! ar*etypal et]nal div9e ,man1 ! s\rce & su/5ance ( ! univ]se1 & yet transc5d+ ! univ]se1 we _c d bett] ?an ?9k ( ,him 9 t]ms ( ,jesus2 ,jesus is ! fulle/ expression ( t et]nal div9e ,man on ! field ( human hi/ory4 ,"h1 !n1 we h ! fir/ & second factors 9 ! doctr9e ( ! ,tr9ity morally & spiritually con/ru$4 ,! div9e ,man4--,! idea ( a div9e ,man1 ! emanation ( ! inf9ite1 ! s\l ( ! univ]se1 ! s\rce & goal ( all humanity1 is ages old] ?an ,*ri/ian !ology4 ,x c be trac$ 9 ,babylonian religi\s lit]ature1 = in/ance1 at a p]iod old] ev5 ?an ! ,old ,te/am5t4 ,x play$ a n unimportant "p 9 ,greek ?\ght1 & ,philo ( ,alex&ria1 a contempor>y ( ,jesus1 works x out 9 "s detail 9 8 religio-philosophic sy/em1 :i* aim$ to comb9e ! wide outlook ( ,greek culture ) ! high s]i\sness ( ,hebrew religion4 ,x is a true1 inde$ an inevitable1 conception1 if we hold any?+ l a consi/5t view ( ! imman5ce ( ,god 9 ,8 univ]se4 ,) :at ,god h we to d except ! ,god :o is et]nally man8 ,?is aspect ( ! nature ( ,god has be5 v>i\sly describ$ 9 ! c\rse ( its hi/ory4 ,x has be5 call$ ! ,^w1 ! ,son1 &1 z we h se51 ! second p]son 9 ! ,tr9ity4 ,= v>i\s reasons ,i pref] to call x--or r ,him--! et]nal ,*ri/4 ,i d ?is because1 = "o ?+1 ! ^w ,*ri/ is a liv+ ^w ) a cle>ly m>k$ e?ical cont5t & a great religi\s value4 ,orig9ally1 ( c\rse1 x 0 b ! ,greek equival5t ( ! ,hebrew ,messiah1 & meant ! ano9t$ "o1 ! p]son *os5 = a special div9e "w4 ,b 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t1 especially ! writ+s ( ,/4 ,paul1 z well z all ,*ri/ian hi/ory ?r\gh1 x is associat$ on ! "o h& ) ! p]sonality ( ,jesus1 &1 on ! o!r1 ) ! fontal or ideal ,man :o conta9s & is express$ 9 all human k9d4 ,accord+ to ! ,new ,te/am5t writ]s1 ,jesus 0 & is ! ,*ri/1 b 9 ,8 e>?ly life ,8 consci\sness ( ! fact 0 limit$4 ,b1 z we h come =? f ?is fontal manhood1 we too mu/ be to "s ext5t expressions ( ?is et]nal ,*ri/2 & x is 9 virtue ( t fact t we /& relat$ to ,jesus1 & t ! p]sonality ( ,jesus has any?+ to d ) u4 ,"h is :]e ! value ( our belief 9 ! int]action ( ! high] & ! l[] self comes 94 ,fundam5tally our be+ is already "o ) t ( ! et]nal ,*ri/1 & fai? 9 ,jesus is fai? 9 ,him4 ,jesus is n "o be+ & ! ,*ri/ ano!r2 ! two are "o1 & ,jesus seems to h kn[n x dur+ ,8 e>?ly m9i/ry4 ,he liv$ ,8 life 9 su* a way z to reveal ! v ess5ce ( ! ,*ri/ nature4 ,he is !re=e c5tral = u1 & we are complete 9 ,him4 ,"h is ! goal ( all moral ef=t--,*ri/4 ,"h1 too1 is ! highe/ rea* ( ! religi\s ideal--,*ri/4 ,= ! life 0 manife/$1 & we h se5 x1 & be> witness1 & %ew unto y t et]nal life1 :i* 0 ) ! ,fa!r1 & 0 manife/$ unto u4 ,! ,*ri/ ( ,/4 ,paul4--,i am p]suad$ t we h "h ! key to ! ,*ri/ology ( t great ?9k] & prea*]1 ! apo/le ,paul4 ,x is ?is ideal or et]nal ,*ri/ :o is ! object ( 8 fai? & devotion4 ,he ev5 goes s f> z to w>n 8 read]s n to dwell too mu* ^u ! limit$ e>?ly ,jesus1 b ^u ,8 true be+ 9 ! et]nal reality3 ,:]e=e h5ce=? "k we no man aft] ! fle%2 yea1 ?\gh we h kn[n ,*ri/ aft] ! fle%1 yet n[ h5ce=? "k we ,him no m4 ,he does n say1 ,to me to live is ,jesus1 b1 ,to me to live is ,*ri/4 ,if ev] !re 0 a ,*ri/ian :o really lov$ ,jesus ) passionate & :ole-he>t$ devotion1 x 0 ! apo/le ,paul1 b he says almo/ no?+ ab\t ! e>?ly m9i/ry ( 8 ,"l4 ,he seems to h _h a vivid impression z to :at ! "* ( ,jesus 0 really l1 & he gave himself up to ! wor%ip ( ?is ) all 8 he>t2 b he does n draw = u any ( ! beautiful gospel pictures ( ! ,jesus 9 ! peasant's dress :o taught on ! hillsides ( ,galilee1 w5t ab\t do+ good1 0 a welcome gue/ 9 ! home at ,be?any1 liv$ a true human life1 & di$ a %ameful dea?4 ,paul always ?\ght ( ,him1 & truly1 z ! ,"l :o came d[n f heav51 b he does n draw a %>p l9e ( di/9ction betwe5 ,him & ! re/ ( humanity4 ,he calls ,jesus ! fir/-born among _m bre?r54 ,he speaks ( ! summ+ up ( all ?+s 9 ,*ri/1 & ( ! f9al consummation :5 ,god %all be all 9 all4 ,"h is ! ,new ,!ology ) a v5geance4 ,paul requires to be rescu$ f ! inadequate & di/ort+ int]pretations 8 ?\ght has receiv$ 9 ! c\rse ( its hi/ory4 ,he br\ght ?is conception ( ! et]nal ,*ri/ into ,*ri/ianity f pre-,*ri/ian ?\ght1 saw x ideally reveal$ 9 ,jesus1 & !n bade mank9d respond to x & realise x to be ! true explanation ( our own be+4 ,sometimes he appe>s to deviate f ?is view1 & to say ?+s inconsi/5t ) x1 b t we ne$ n m9d2 he saw x1 & t is en\gh4 ,x =ms ! f\ndation ( 8 gospel4 ,,*apt] ,,vii ,,! ,,inc>nation ,,( ,,! ,,son ,,( ,,god ,jesus all t ,*ri/ian devotion has believ$ ,him to be4--,s f> we h se5 t ! p]sonality ( ,jesus is c5tral = ,*ri/ian fai?4 ,we d5y no?+ ab\t ,him t ,*ri/ian devotion has ev] affirm$1 b we affirm ! same ?+s ( humanity z a :ole 9 a diff]+ degree4 ,! practical dualism :i* reg>ds ,jesus z com+ into humanity f some?+ t be=eh& 0 n humanity we decl>e to be mislead+4 ,our view ( ! subject does n belittle ,jesus b x exalts human nature4 ,let ?is be cle>ly und]/ood & mo/ ( ! objections to x w vani%4 ,briefly summ$ up1 ! position is z foll[s3 ,jesus 0 ,god1 b s are we4 ,he 0 ,god because ,8 life 0 ! expression ( div9e love2 we too are "o ) ,god 9 s f> z our lives express ! same ?+4 ,jesus 0 n ,god 9 ! s5se t ,he possess$ an inf9ite consci\sness2 no m are we4 ,jesus express$ fully & completely1 9 s f> z a f9ite consci\sness ev] c\ld1 t aspect ( ! nature ( ,god :i* we h call$ ! et]nal ,son1 or ,*ri/1 or ideal ,man :o is ! ,s\l ( ! univ]se1 & ! light t lighte? e man t come? into ! _w2 we are expressions ( ! same primordial be+4 ,fundam5tally we are all "o 9 ?is et]nal ,*ri/4 ,?is is ! mo/ difficult /atem5t ( all to make cle>1 = ! av]age we/]n] _c grasp x2 x is diff]5t f 8 ord9>y way ( look+ at ?+s4 ,! be/ way ( demon/rat+ x1 z ,i h already %[n1 is to draw att5tion to ! fact t ,*ri/ian or?odoxy has all along be5 affirm+ ! my/ic union betwe5 ,*ri/ & ! s\l1 & t ! limit$ e>?ly consci\sness ( ,jesus did n prev5t ,him f be+ really & truly ,god4 ,:y %\ld we n speak 9 a simil> way ab\t any o!r human consci\sness8 ,if we c\ld only get m5 to d s habitually & s9c]ely1 x w\ld be ! greate/ ga9 to religion t c\ld possibly be imag9$4 ,9 ! ?ird *apt] ,i h po9t$ out t psy*ological sci5ce is do+ mu* to help u t[>d ?is realisation4 ,we are beg9n+ to see1 h[ev] h>d x may be to und]/& x1 t our limit$ individual consci\sness is no b>ri] to ! true id5tification ( ! less] ) ! l>g] self4 ,:at ,*ri/ian doctr9e1 !re=e1 has be5 affirm+ ( ,jesus = hundr$s ( ye>s pa/ is receiv+ impressive confirmation f mod]n sci5ce & is be+ se5 to be true ( e human be+--t is1 ! less] & ! l>g] are "o1 h[ev] little ! e>?ly consci\sness may be able to grasp ! fact4 ,to me ?is is a mo/ helpful & inspir+ tru?1 "o ( ! mo/ important t has ev] f\nd a place 9 ,*ri/ian ?\ght2 x elucidates mu* t w\ld o!rwise be obscure4 ,x enables u to see h[ ! human & div9e 7 bl5d$ 9 ,jesus )\t mak+ ,him ess5tially diff]5t f ! re/ ( ! human race2 x enables u to realise our own true orig9 & to believe 9 ! salvability ( e s\l t has ev] come to moral consci\sness4 ,if ?is tru? w n lift a man t[>d ! high] life1 ,i d n "k "o t w4 ,x is ! tru? impli$ 9 all r$emptive ef=t t has ev] be5 made1 & 9 e message t has ev] gripp$ consci5ce & he>t2 x is1 z ! ,nic5e cre$ has x1 ! tak+ ( ! manhood into ,god4 ,! prem95ce ( ,jesus4--,le/ anyone %\ld ?9k t ?is position involves 9 ! slighte/ degree ! dim9ution ( ! religi\s value & ! moral prem95ce ( ,jesus1 let me say t x does ! v opposite4 ,no?+ c be high] ?an ! highe/1 & ! life ( ,jesus 0 ! undimm$ revelation ( ! highe/4 ,fai? to be effective mu/ c5tre on a liv+ p]son1 & ! highe/ objective x has ev] f\nd is ,jesus4 ,he is no ab/raction b a spiritual reality1 an ev]-pres5t fri5d & guide1 our bro!r & our ,"l4 ,no "o w ev] compete ) ,jesus = ?is position 9 human he>ts4 ,:5 ,i speak ( ! et]nal ,*ri/1 ,i d n mean someone diff]5t f ,jesus1 al?\gh ,i c]ta9ly d mean ! basal pr9ciple ( all human goodness2 ,jesus 0 & is t ,*ri/1 & we c only und]/& :at ! ,*ri/ is because we h se5 ,him4 ,:ole-he>t$ fai? 9 ,him has prov$ itself to be ! mo/ effective means to ! manife/ation ( our own ,*ri/hood4 ,jesus & ! inc>nation4--,?is ?\ght at once op5s up ano!r great "q to :i* we h already allud$1 t ( ! inc>nation ( ?is et]nal ,*ri/ or ,son ( ,god 9 ! f9ite univ]se4 ,accord+ to ! receiv$ !ology ! inc>nation ( ,god 9 human life 0 limit$ to ! life ( ,jesus only1 & ?r\gh ,him to mank9d4 ,i purposely say popul> !ology because ! be/ ,*ri/ian ?\ght has always kn[n bett]4 ,popul> !ology has x t ,jesus1 ! only-begott5 et]nal ,son ( ,god1 took human fle% & a human nature1 0 conceiv$ by ! ,holy ,gho/ 9 ! womb ( a virg91 & 0 born into ! _w 9 a :olly miracul\s way--a way :i* /amps ,him z diff]5t f all t 7 ev] born ( woman be=e or s9ce4 ,x seems /range t belief 9 ! virg9 bir? ( ,jesus %\ld ev] h be5 held to be a c>d9al article ( ! ,*ri/ian fai?1 b x is s ev5 to-day4 ,!re is n mu* ne$ to combat x1 = mo/ reputable !ologians h n[ giv5 x up1 b x is /ill a /umbl+-block to _m m9ds4 ,p]haps1 !re=e1 a brief exam9ation ( ! subject may n be altoge!r out ( place4 ,! virg9 bir? n demon/rable f ,scripture4--,! virg9 bir? ( ,jesus 0 app>5tly unkn[n to ! primitive *ur*1 = ! e>lie/ ,new ,te/am5t writ+s make no m5tion ( x4 ,paul's lett]s d n allude to x1 nei!r does ! gospel ( ,/4 ,m>k4 ,9 ! fulness ( "t1 says ! great apo/le1 ,god s5t =? ,8 ,son born ( a woman4 ,he 0 ( ! se$ ( ,david accord+ to ! fle%1 b n[h]e does ,paul give u s mu* z a h9t ( any?+ sup]natural att5d+ ! mode ( ,8 entry into ! _w4 ,m>k does n ev5 tell u any?+ ab\t ! *ildhood ( ! ,ma/]2 8 acc\nt beg9s ) ! baptism ( ,jesus 9 ,jordan4 ,! f\r? gospel1 al?\gh writt5 mu* lat]1 ignores ! belief 9 ! virg9 bir?1 & ev5 seems to d s ( set purpose z belittl+ & mat]ialis+ ! tru?4 ,! suppos$ ,old ,te/am5t prophecies ( ! ev5t h no?+ :atev] to d ) x4 ,! fam\s passage1 ,behold a virg9 %all conceive & be> a son1 & %all call ,8 "n ,immanuel1 is a ref]5ce to contempor>y ev5ts1 & ! ^w translat$ virg9 simply means a "y woman4 ,x is a prophecy ( ! bir? ( a pr9ce ^: "w x %\ld be to put "r = ,judah :at ! reign+ k+ ,ahaz _h be5 putt+ wrong4 ,! /ory 9 ! sev5? ( ,isaiah is z foll[s3 ,ahaz1 a r weak rul]1 0 greatly conc]n$ by ! news t ,rez91 k+ ( ,syria & ,pekah1 k+ ( nor!rn ,israel1 _h =m$ an alliance aga9/ him & 7 m>*+ on ,j]usalem4 ,9 8 extremity ?is mon>* ( a petty /ate turn$ t[>d ! mighty rul] ( ,assyria1 ! greate/ milit>y p[] 9 ! _w1 & ask$ 8 help aga9/ ! comb9ation4 ,isaiah1 /atesman z well z prophet1 saw t ?is 0 a wrong move4 ,assyria 0 aspir+ to univ]sal dom9ion1 & to =m an alliance ) ! milit>y ma/] ( t mighty /ate w\ld be to supply him ) an excuse = fur!r int]f]5ce4 ,! policy ( ,ahaz 0 !re=e z suicidal z t ( ,john ,balliol :5 he call$ 9 ,edw>d ! ,fir/ to adjudicate on 8 claim to ! cr[n ( ,scotl&1 or ! policy ( ,spa9 :5 %e call$ 9 ,napoleon4 ,s>gon1 k+ ( ,assyria1 0 ov]turn+ ?rones 9 all directions1 pr(it+ by ! divisions & jeal\sies ( 8 foes4 ,! great empires ( ,egypt & ,babylonia w5t d[n be=e him z well z ! small] /ates4 ,! condition ( ?+s 9 ?is anci5t _w 0 j l t ( ,europe at ! beg9n+ ( ! n9ete5? c5tury :5 ! /> ( ,napoleon 0 9 ! asc5dant4 ,= ,ahaz to turn = help to ,s>gon 0 to c\rt disa/] 9 ! end4 ,isaiah saw ?is & w5t out to meet ,ahaz "o day at ! end ( ! conduit ( ! upp] pool 9 ! highway ( ! full]'s field--a vivid descriptive t\*4 ,! k+ 0 app>5tly prep>+ to /& a siege 9 8 capital & 0 mak+ sure ( ! wat] supply4 ,isaiah's remon/rance 0 9 sub/ance3 ,y ne$ n take s mu* tr\ble ) y\r prep>ations2 ,syria & ,israel w h m ?an en\gh to d pres5tly to def5d _! own bord]s f ,s>gon4 ,besides1 m5 l ,rez9 & ,pekah are n m5 to be afraid ( 9 any case2 !y h nei!r /r5g? nor skill4 ,b d n = heav5's sake call 9 ,s>gon2 if y d y w supply him ) an excuse = m$dl+ & we %all nev] get rid ( him4 ,?is 0 good c\nsel1 b ,ahaz 0 too %ort-sight$ & panic-/rick5 to take mu* notice ( x1 s 9 ori5tal fa%ion ,isaiah goes on to pa9t a picture ( future disa/]4 ,! l&1 he says1 w soon be laid wa/e1 & future g5]ations w rue ! policy n[ be+ det]m9$ ^u4 ,9 ! end1 ( c\rse1 ?+s w come all "r1 = ,god w n ab&on ,8 p4 ,a bett] & wis] pr9ce %all arise :o %all re/ore prosp]ity to ,judah4 ,t pr9ce is n yet born1 b :5 he is1 8 "n %all be call$ ,immanuel1--,god ) u4 ,9 ano!r place he describes him z ,wond]ful ,c\nsellor1 ,div9e ,h]o1 ,fa!r ,ev]la/+1 ,pr9ce ( ,peace4 ,butt] & honey %all he eat1 because !re w be no?+ else left aft] ,assyria has swept ov] ! c\ntry1 b ! discipl9e may h good results 9 ! end1 & w s]ve to br+ ,judah to h] s5ses4 ,!re is some?+ /rik+ly mod]n ab\t all ?is1 & x is a good example ( ! way 9 :i* ! same conditions arise ov] & ov] aga9 9 ! c\rse ( human hi/ory4 ,x is pla9 to be se5 t ! prophecy "h indicat$ 0 only ! %rewd common s5se ( a wise & patriotic man :o lov$ 8 c\ntry & believ$ 9 ,god4 ,b :at on e>? h 8 words to d ) ! bir? ( ,jesus8 ,x is only by a v long /ret* ( ! pi\s imag9ation t !y c be held to apply to ,*ri/ianity at all4 ,!y h an int]e/ ( _! own1 & a v consid]able int]e/1 too1 ev5 f ! po9t ( view ( religion2 b ,isaiah w\ld h be5 consid]ably a/oni%$ to be told t !y w\ld h to wait sev5 hundr$ ye>s = fulfilm5t4 ,to a c]ta9 ext5t !y 7 fulfill$ soon aft]w>d 9 ! adv5t ( ! well-mean+ b n v brilliant k+ ,hezekiah4 ,i h dwelt ^u ?is passage at "s l5g? because x is a fair example ( ! way 9 :i* ,old ,te/am5t lit]ature has be5 press$ into ! s]vice ( ,*ri/ian dogma4 ,:at ,i am n[ say+1 z ,i ne$ h>dly po9t out1 is n my ipse dixit2 exp]t biblical s*ol>%ip has be5 say+ x = a long "t1 b someh[ or o!r its be>+ ^u g5]ally accept$ dogmas is n popul>ly realis$4 ,x c h>dly be ma9ta9$ t ,*ri/ian prea*]s :o "k ! tru? ab\t ^! matt]s & refra9 f /at+ x pla9ly are do+ _! duty to _! congregations4 ,no ,old ,te/am5t passage :atev] is directly or indirectly a prophecy ( ! virg9 bir? ( ,jesus4 ,to insi/ ^u ?is may seem to _m l beat+ a man ( /raw1 b if s ! man ( /raw /ill reta9s a good deal ( vitality4 ,! virg9 bir? 9 ! gospels4--,! only two gospels 9 :i* ! virg9 bir? is allud$ to are ,mat!w & ,luke1 & ! nativity /ories conta9$ 9 ^! are v beautiful1 especially ^? peculi> to ,luke4 ,b ! two gospels are mutually contradictory 9 _! acc\nt ( ! circum/ances att5d+ ! miracul\s bir?4 ,ea* conta9s a g5ealogy :i* pr(esses to be t ( ,joseph1 n ( ,m>y1 & ^! are inconsi/5t ) ea* o!r4 ,:at has ! g5ealogy ( ,joseph got to d ) ! bir? ( ,jesus if ,jesus 7 n 8 own son8 ,! conclusion seems probable t 9 ! e>li] v]sions ( ^! gospels ! miracul\s conception did n f9d a place1 or else t two inconsi/5t s\rces h be5 drawn ^u )\t suffici5t c>e be+ tak5 to reconcile !m4 ,b ?is is n ! only discrepancy4 ,mat!w gives ,be?lehem z ! native place ( ,joseph & ,m>y1 ,luke says ,naz>e?4 ,mat!w says n a ^w ab\t ! c5sus ( ,cyr5ius z ! motive = ! j\rney to ,be?lehem1 b leads u to suppose t ! holy family 7 already 9 resid5ce !re4 ,!n aga9 he tells u ( ! com+ ( ! wise m5 f ! ,ea/1 _! public inquiry z to ! :]eab\ts ( ! holy *ild1 ! jeal\sy ( ,h]od1 ! massacre ( ! innoc5ts1 & ! flight into ,egypt4 ,luke says no?+ ab\t ^! ?+s1 b gives u an entirely diff]5t set ( wond]s1 includ+ ! att5dance ( an angelic ho/ & ! annunciation to ! %eph]ds4 ,s f> f record+ any massacre1 or any ha/y flight1 he tells u t "s "t aft] ,8 bir? ! babe 0 tak5 to ! ,temple at ,j]usalem to be pres5t$ to ! ,"l1 & t aft]w>ds ,he & ,8 p>5ts return$ into ,galilee to _! own city ,naz>e?4 ,accord+ to ,mat!w ,naz>e? 0 an aft]?\ght & only became ! resid5ce ( ! holy family aft] ! return f ,egypt4 ,^! acc\nts d n tally1 & no +5uity c reconcile !m4 ,! nativity /ories belong to ! poetry ( religion1 n to hi/ory4 ,to reg>d !m z n>rations ( actual fact is to misund]/& !m4 ,!y are bett] ?an t2 !y take u into ! region ( exalt$ feel+ & give u a vision ( tru? too great = prosaic /atem5t4 ,*ri/ianity w\ld be poor] by ! loss ( !m1 b !y are n indig5\s to ,*ri/ianity4 ,!y h _! p>allels 9 o!r religions1 "s ( !m mu* old] ?an ! adv5t ( ,jesus4 ,! beautiful leg5ds surr\nd+ ! infancy ( ,gautama1 = example1 are />tl+ly simil> to ^? conta9$ 9 ! fir/ & ?ird gospels4 ,l ,jesus1 ! ,buddhi/ messiah is /at$ to h be5 ( royal desc5t & 0 born ( a virg9 "m4 ,at 8 bir? a sup]natural radiance illum9at$ ! :ole di/rict1 & a troop ( heav5ly be+s sang ! praises ( ! holy *ild4 ,lat] on a wise man1 guid$ by special port5ts1 recognis$ him z ! long-expect$ & div9ely appo9t$ light-br+] & life-giv] ( mank9d4 ,:5 b a y\? he 0 lo/ = a "t & 0 f\nd by 8 fa!r 9 ! mid/ ( a circle ( holy m51 sunk 9 rapt contemplation ( ! great my/]y ( exi/5ce4 ,! p>allel betwe5 ^! leg5ds & ! ,*ri/ian v]sion ( ! m>vels att5d+ ! bir? ( ,jesus is s close z to preclude ! possibility ( its be+ altoge!r accid5tal4 ,!re mu/ h be5 a connection some:]e1 & inde$ !re is no ne$ to ?9k o!rwise1 = no?+ is to be ga9$ or lo/ by admitt+ x4 ,*ri/ianity n dep5d5t on a virg9 bir?4--,b :y hesitate ab\t ! "q8 ,! greatness ( ,jesus & ! value ( ,8 revelation to mank9d are 9 no way ei!r assi/$ or dim9i%$ by ! mann] ( ,8 entry into ! _w4 ,e bir? is j z wond]ful z a virg9 bir? c\ld possibly be1 & j z mu* a direct act ( ,god4 ,a sup]natural conception be>s no relation :atev] to ! moral & spiritual wor? ( ! p]son :o is suppos$ to ent] ! _w 9 ?is abnormal way4 ,! cr$ibility & significance ( ,*ri/ianity are 9 no way affect$ by ! doctr9e ( ! virg9 bir? o!rwise ?an t ! belief t5ds to put a b>ri] betwe5 ,jesus & ! race & to make ,him some?+ :i* _c prop]ly be call$ human4 ,^? :o insi/ on ! doctr9e w f9d !mselves 9 dang] ( prov+ too mu*1 =1 press$ to its logical conclusion1 x removes ,jesus altoge!r f ! category ( humanity 9 any real s5se4 ,l _m o!rs1 ,i us$ to take ! position t acceptance or non-acceptance ( ! doctr9e ( ! virg9 bir? 0 immat]ial because ,*ri/ianity 0 q indep5d5t ( x1 b lat] reflection has conv9c$ me t 9 po9t ( fact x op]ates z a h9drance to spiritual religion & a real liv+ fai? 9 ,jesus4 ,! simple & natural conclusion is t ,jesus 0 ! *ild ( ,joseph & ,m>y & _h an unev5tful *ildhood4 ,! tru? 9 ! doctr9e ( ! virg9 bir?4--,& yet1 z ) e t5et :i* has held a place 9 human ?\ght = any consid]able l5g? ( "t1 !re is a great tru? conta9$ 9 ! idea ( a virg9 bir?4 ,x is ! tru? t ! em]g5ce ( any?+ great & beautiful 9 human "* & a*ievem5t is ! "w ( ! div9e _s op]at+ )9 human limitations4 ,?is idea is v anci5t1 & !re is no great religion :i* does n conta9 x 9 "s =m or o!r4 ,"o =m ( x1 = example1 c be disc]n$ 9 ! ,babylonian creation my? ) its p>allel 9 ! book ( ,g5esis4 ,! home ( ! primitive ,*aldeans1 ! /ock :5ce ,israelites1 ,babylonians1 ,assyrians1 & o!r ,semitic communities sprang1 0 9 ! l[-ly+ t]ritory surr\nd+ ! ,p]sian gulf4 ,dur+ ! ra9y seasons ^! l&s 7 flood$ by ! ov]fl[ ( ! great riv]s4 ,! sun ( spr+time1 ris+ ^u ?is mass ( wat]s :i* /ret*$ 9 e direction z f> z ! eye c\ld see1 drew =? f _! bosom ! life & beauty ( summ] fl[]s & fruit4 ,f obs]vation ( ?is regul>ly recurr+ ph5om5on ! primitive ,semites con/ruct$ _! creation my?1 "o v]sion ( :i* appe>$ 9 ! fir/ *apt] ( ! book ( ,g5esis1 a v]sion mu* lat] ?an ! ,babylonian1 b an outgr[? ( ! same idea4 ,!y ?\ght ( a primeval wa/e ( wat] cov]+ ev]y?+4 ,z ! writ] ( ! ,g5esis acc\nt has x3 ,! e>? 0 )\t =m & void1 & d>kness 0 ^u ! face ( ! deep4 ,9 ! ,babylonian v]sion ?is primeval wat] 0 p]sonifi$ z a woman--,tiamat4 ,!y ?\ght ( ! sun ( heav5 z impregnat+ ?is virg9 matrix ) ! se$s ( cosmic life--q an accurate conception f ! mod]n po9t ( view4 ,lat] on ?is idea became spiritualis$ 9 a mu* high] degree4 ,! religi\s m9d came to reg>d ! physical1 mundane1 or di/9ctively human pr9ciple z ! matrix ^u :i* ! _s ( ,god brood$1 br++ to ! bir? a div9e idea4 ,& ?is is p]fectly true too1 z anyone c see4 ,no?+ great & noble 9 human exp]i5ce c be acc\nt$ = m]ely 9 t]ms ( atoms & molecules4 ,t is :]e mat]ialism always comes to grief1 = on its own premises x _c acc\nt = ! em]g5ce ( intellig5ce & all ! high] qualities ( human nature4 ,a div9e elem5t1 a spiritual quick5+1 is requir$ = ! evolution ( any?+ ,godlike 9 our mundane sph]e2 x is a virg9 bir?4 ,l[] act+ ^u l[] c nev] produce a high]4 ,x is ! d[np\r+ & incom+ ( ! high] to ! l[] :i* produces ?r\gh ! l[] ! div9e manhood :i* leaves ! brute beh9d4 ,?is is ! s5se 9 :i* x is true t ,jesus 0 ( div9e z well z human p>5tage4 ,we d n acc\nt = ,him m]ely by say+ t ,he 0 ! son ( ,joseph & ,m>y & ! desc5dant ( a long l9e ( prophets1 prie/s1 & k+s2 we h to recognise t ,8 true greatness came f above4 ,true ( all high] human exp]i5ce4--,! same ?+ holds good 9 a less] degree ( ev]y?+ wor?y ( ,jesus 9 human exp]i5ce4 ,we d n acc\nt = any man's goodness or greatness by po9t+ to 8 ance/ry4 ,h]$ity may acc\nt = a great deal1 b x is inadequate z an explanation ( g5ius or high moral a*ievem5t4 ,if we g back f> en\gh1 we %all f9d t our ance/ry 0 b>b>\s1 &1 judg+ f its t5d5cies1 n at all likely to produce ! ,*ri/-man ( future ages4 ,:]ev] ! ,*ri/-man appe>s1 we h to ackn[l$ge t ! pr9cipal factor 9 8 evolution is ! incom+ ( ! div9e _s4 ,x is only ano!r way ( /at+ :at has already be5 /at$ above1 t ! true man or high] self is div9e & et]nal1 integral to ! be+ ( ,god1 & t ?is div9e manhood is gradually b surely manife/+ on ! physical plane4 ,! l[] _c produce ! high]1 b ! high] is %ap+ & trans=m+ ! l[]2 e moral & spiritual advance is !re=e ( ! nature ( a virg9 bir?--a quick5+ f above4 ,! spiritual bir? describ$ 9 ! conv]sation betwe5 our ,"l & ,nicodemus z giv5 9 ! ?ird ( ,john is1 prop]ly speak+1 a virg9 bir?4 ,t :i* is born ( ! fle% is fle% & t :i* is born ( ! _s is _s4 ,ye mu/ be born anew1 or1 lit]ally1 quick5$ f above4 ,e man :o delib]ately faces t[>ds ! highe/1 & feels himself ren=c$ by ! ,_s ( ,god 9 s do+1 is quick5$ f above2 ! div9ely human ,*ri/ is born 9 him1 ! ,^w has become fle% & is manife/$ to ! _w4 ,human hi/ory "o long inc>nation4--,if n[ we c turn our ?\ghts away = a mom5t f ! individual to ! race & ?9k ( humanity z "o be+1 or ! expression ( "o be+1 we %all read ?is tru? on a l>g] scale4 ,all human hi/ory repres5ts ! inc>nation or manife/+ ( ! et]nal ,son or ,*ri/ ( ,god4 ,! inc>nation _c be limit$ to "o life only1 h[ev] great t life may be4 ,x is q a false idea to ?9k ( ,jesus & no "o else z ! ,son ( ,god inc>nate4 ,x is easy to und]/& ! lov+ rev]5ce = ,jesus :i* w\ld lead m5 to reg>d ,him z be+ & express+ some?+ to :i* none ( ! re/ ( u c ev] atta91 b 9 affirm+ ?is we actually rob ,him ( a glory ,he ought to receive4 ,we make ,him unreal1 r$uce ,8 e>?ly life to a sort ( drama1 & effect a dra/ic di/9ction 9 k9d betwe5 ,him & ourselves4 ,if ,he came f ! f>!r side ( ! gulf & we only f ! hi!r2 if we are humanity )\t div9ity1 & ,he div9ity t has only assum$ humanity1--p]fect fell[%ip betwe5 ,him & ourselves is impossible4 ,b x is untrue to say t any su* di/9ction exi/s4 ,let u g on ?9k+ ( ,jesus z ,*ri/1 ! v ,*ri/ ( glory1 b let u realise t t same ,*ri/ is seek+ expression ?r\gh e human s\l4 ,he is inc>nate 9 ! race 9 ord] t by means ( limitation ,he may manife/ ! inn]mo/ ( ,god1 ! life & love et]nal4 ,to say ?is does n de?rone ,jesus2 x l5ds significance to ,8 life & "w4 ,he is on ! ?rone & ! sceptre is 9 ,8 h&4 ,we c rise t[>d ,him by tru/+1 lov+1 & s]v+ ,him2 & by s do+ we %all demon/rate t we too are ,*ri/ ! et]nal ,son4 ,to ?9k ( all human life z a manife/ation ( ! et]nal ,son1 r5d]s x sacr$4 ,our v /ruggles & suff]+s become full ( mean+4 ,s9 is b ! failure to realise x2 x is be+ false to ourselves & our div9e orig92 x is ! c5trifugal t5d5cy 9 human nature j z love is ! c5tripetal4 ,!re is no life1 h[ev] deprav$1 :i* does n occasionally emit "s sign ( its k9%ip to ,jesus & its et]nal son%ip to ,god4 ,:]ev] y see self-sacrifice at "w y see ! v _s ( ,jesus1 ! _s ( ! ,*ri/ inc>nate4 ,i f9d x ev]y:]e1 & x int]prets life = me z no?+ else c4 ,take up any "w ( fiction1 no matt] :at1 & y w f9d ! au?or in/9ctively prea*+ ?is tru?4 ,look into any commonplace1 ev]yday life1 no matt] ^:1 & y w f9d x exemplifi$4 ,_m a selfi% bad man has "o t5d] spot 9 8 nature1 8 affection = 8 *ild1 & = ! sake ( t *ild he w d5y himself z he has nev] dream$ ( do+ = any?+ else2 s f> z t "o influ5ce is conc]n$ he actually rev]ses ! pr9ciple :i* gov]ns ! re/ ( 8 life4 ,i h read ( an ,african negress :o on "o occasion 0 beat5 ne>ly to dea? by ! brute to :om %e 0 slave & p>am\r4 ,h] murd]]1 = su* he 01 0 arre/$ & plac$ on trial = 8 misdemean\r1 9 accordance ) ! r\gh ju/ice ( ! :ite man 9 8 deal+s ) ! native4 ,9 ! night ! poor dy+ woman crawl$ pa9fully to ! tree aga9/ :i* ! ruffian lay b\nd1 cut 8 cords1 & set him free4 ,x 0 h] la/ act 9 ?is life2 9 ! morn+ %e 0 f\nd ly+ dead on ! spot :5ce ! prison] _h fl$4 ,?is p>ticul> /ory may or may n be true1 b ! same k9d ( ?+ has be5 true a million times 9 human hi/ory4 ,:at 0 ! _s 9 ?is b5ight$ woman ( ! ,african wilds b ! ,*ri/ _s1 ! self-giv+ _s se5 ) su* unique sublimity 9 ! life ( ,jesus8 ,look abroad all ?r\gh ! _w1 look back ^u ! sl[1 upw>d progress ( humanity to its home 9 ,god1 & y w read ! /ory ( ! inc>nation ( ! et]nal ,son4 ,nev] has !re be5 an h\r s d>k b t "s gleams ( ?is et]nal light h pi]c$ ! murky pall ( human ignorance & s92 nev] h bitt] hate & fi5di% cruelty gone altoge!r unreliev$ by ! human t5d]ness & self-devotion t te/ify ( ,god4 ,inde$ )\t ! limitation1 ! /ruggle1 & ! pa91 h[ w\ld ?is ,*ri/ _s ev] h kn[n itself8 ,grant$ t self-surr5d] _h nev] be5 call$ = by ! conditions ( life1 grant$ t our res\rces _h always kn[n !mselves inf9ite1 & t :i* is wor?ie/ & sublime/ 9 ! nature ( ,god & man alike c\ld nev] h be5 reveal$4 ,?is is :y ! et]nal ,son has become inc>nate2 ?is is :at we are "h to d1 & ^u ! fai?ful do+ ( x dep5ds our exp]i5ce ( ! joy t ! _w c nei!r give nor take away4 ,! life & dea? ( ,jesus are ! c5tral expression & ideal embodim5t ( ?is age-long process1 a process ! consummation ( :i* w be ! glori\s return & triumphant +a!r+ ( a r$eem$ & p]fectly unifi$ humanity to ,god4 ,& :5 all ?+s %all be subdu$ unto him1 !n %all ! ,son also himself be subject unto him t put all ?+s "u him1 t ,god may be all 9 all4 ,,*apt] ,,viii ,,! ,,atonem5t ,i4 ,association ( ! ,doctr9e ) ,jesus ,importance ( ! subject4--,?is br+s u to a subject1 :i*1 m ?an any o!r1 ) ! exception ( t ( ! p]son ( ,jesus1 has come "u discussion at ! pres5t "t4 ,9 ! c\rse ( ,*ri/ian hi/ory x has creat$ a m ext5sive lit]ature ?an probably any o!r doctr9e4 ,i mean ! subject v>i\sly kn[n z ,salvation1 ,r$emption1 ,atonem5t1 & ) :i* ! t]ms ,=giv5ess1 ,expiation1 ,reconciliation1 ,ransom1 ,ju/ification1 ,propitiation1 ,satisfaction1 ,sanctification1 & su* l h be5 commonly associat$4 ,! ,*ri/ian doctr9e ( ,atonem5t1 z we may call x = conv5i5ce1 bulks s l>ge 9 ,*ri/ian ?\ght t all o!rs may be held to be dep5d5t ^u x1 ev5 t ( ! p]son ( ,jesus2 =1 accord+ to ! receiv$ !ology1 ,jesus became inc>nate = our r$emption1 & t r$emption c only be accompli%$ by "o :o is v ,god4 ,! ne$ = an adequate explanation4--,b !re is no subject ^u :i* mod]n ,*ri/ian ?\ght is less coh]5t ?an ?is4 ,we are con/antly he>+ ! /atem5t t a rational !ory ( ! ,atonem5t is badly want$1 or t x is our duty to prea* ! fact )\t a !ory1 or t ! ,atonem5t is su* a my/]y t no !ory is possible & we mu/ j accept x on fai?4 ,?is confession ( helplessness %[s t !re is some?+ s]i\sly wrong ) ! conv5tional pres5tation ( ! doctr9e4 ,b ,i d n ?9k ! ,atonem5t is su* a v great my/]y aft] all1 & x ought to be possible to get at ! he>t ( x )\t /ultify+ ! intellect4 ,anyh[1 let u try4 ,! usual !ological me?od ( exp\nd+ x4--,z a rule treatises on ! ,atonem5t beg9 ) an exam9ation ( ! ,scripture passages :i* are suppos$ to h a be>+ ^u x4 ,!n foll[s a c>eful exam9ation & criticism ( ! v>i\s !ories ( x :i* h successively held ! field dur+ its hi/ory2 ! au?or concludes by giv+ u 8 own4 ,i d n propose to foll[ t me?od1 = x does n possess a liv+ int]e/ = ! m9d ( to-day2 ! psy*ological %\ld take prec$5ce ( ! hi/orical4 ,i d n feel call$ ^u to take ! doctr9e ( ,atonem5t = grant$ & !n proce$ to try to f9d a place = x 9 ,*ri/ian exp]i5ce4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,i pref] to take human nature = grant$ & inquire :e!r x ne$s any?+ l a doctr9e ( ,atonem5t4 ,if x does n1 let ! doctr9e g2 if x does1 let u see t ! doctr9e is pres5t$ 9 a reasonable fa%ion4 ,if x _c be pres5t$ reasonably1 x is n want$4 ,b ,i ?9k x is want$1 & m ?an want$2 x is already tak5 = grant$ by ev]yone :o ?9ks s]i\sly ab\t life1 :e!r x is call$ by its !ological "n or n4 ,outl9e ( pres5t-day accept$ belief 9 reg>d to x4--,be=e ,i proce$ to attempt to ju/ify ^! /atem5ts let me ask my read]s to call to m9d ! outl9e ( :at !y h be5 taught 9 ref]5ce to ?is great fundam5tal ( ! ,*ri/ian fai?4 ,"p ( x has already be5 indicat$1 = x 0 h>dly possible to avoid x :5 consid]+ su* a subject z t ( ! nature ( evil or ! div9ity ( ,jesus4 ,r\ghly /at$ x is z foll[s3 ,our fall5 humanity is sep>at$ f & "u ! displeasure ( ,god4 ,god longs to save u f our s91 b ju/ice dem&s t ,he mu/ puni% u4 ,! _w is already an unhappy place because ( s91 b :at we endure "h is no?+ to :at we %all h to endure pres5tly :5 we cross ! riv] ( dea?2 we %all all g to hell1 a place ( nev]-end+ torm5t1 unless "s means c be f\nd ( ju/ify+ u be=e ,god ere we pass ov]4 ,?is means has be5 f\nd 9 ! self-devotion ( ! second p]son 9 ! ,tr9ity4 ,! s9less ,son ( ,god took ^u ,himself ! lik5ess ( s9ful humanity1 0 born into ?is _w1 liv$ "h = a few ye>s1 suff]$ a viol5t dea?1 & !n reasc5d$ to ,8 ,fa!r to make unceas+ int]cession = mank9d4 ,x 0 ! dy+ ( ! dea? t 0 ! all-important ?+4 ,x 0 9 consid]ation ( ?is dea? t ,god agre$ to p>don s94 ,jesus 0 put to dea? because ,god _h arrang$ t ,he %\ld be put to dea?1 & because ,jesus 0 will+ to be put to dea?1 9 ord] t a satisfactory (f]+ might be made to div9e ju/ice = ! s9s ( ! _w4 ,god _h to puni% someone be=e he c\ld be free to =give ,8 err+ *ildr51 & !re=e ) ! cons5t ( ,jesus ,he puni%$ ,him4 ,! :ole s*eme 0 pre>rang$ 9 heav51 cross & all1 & !re=e ,jesus 0 n tak5 by surprise :5 ! end came2 ,he 01 9 fact1 a p>ty to x1 & ,8 murd]]s 7 9 a s5se only ! in/rum5ts ( a b5efic5t1 =eorda9$ plan4 ,god accepts ?is sacrifice z a full & complete equival5t = all t humanity des]ves1 b we mu/ individually appropriate x by fai? or x w n avail = u2 we %all g to hell all ! same4 ,if on ! o!r h& we d claim ! b5efit ( ?is f9i%$ "w1 ! m]its ( ! ,r$eem] are imput$ to u2 we are held to be ju/ifi$ be=e ,god1 & are gradually sanctifi$ by ! ,holy ,_s op]at+ )9 our s\ls & fa%ion+ u into ! moral lik5ess ( our ,"l4 ,conv5tional view bo? true & false4--,to say t ^! /atem5ts are :olly untrue is impossible1 = !y ev]yone conta9 a tru? ( consid]able value1 b z popul>ly /at$ !y are mislead+4 ,?is view ( ! ,atonem5t is une?ical1 &1 9 my judgm5t & t ( _m o!rs1 has wr\ght a good deal ( mis*ief 9 ! pa/ & bewild]m5t 9 ! pres5t4 ,"s read]s ( ^! pages w no d\bt f9d fault ) me = /at+ x s baldly1 & w ma9ta9 t no front-rank !ologian or prea*] w\ld enunciate x 9 ^! t]ms to-day4 ,once aga9 ,i c only repeat t !y use language :i* implies x1 & x seems impossible to resi/ ! conclusion t !y are driv5 to use ! vagu] language because ( _! own feel+ t ! bald] /atem5t1 :i* _! pr$ecessors made )\t hesitation1 is intellectually & morally impossible1 & yet !y d n "k :at to put 9 its place4 ,!y are reluctant to give up ! belief t 9 "s way or o!r ! dea? ( ,jesus on ,calv>y actually effect$ some?+ 9 ! unse5 by mak+ ,god propiti\s t[>d u & remov+ ! b>ri] :i* prev5t$ ,him f freely =giv+ human s94 ,( c\rse !y add o!r & valuable elem5ts 9 _! discussion ( ! !me1 b ?is is _! c5tral idea & !y seldom get away f x4 ,! typical !ologian nev] seems to ?9k ( look+ at ! dea? ( ,jesus f ! purely human po9t ( view1 & yet surely ?is is ! only legitimate ?+ to d :5 try+ to get at ! he>t ( ! subject4 ,x is :at we %\ld d 9 any o!r case ( a l k9d2 we %\ld nev] dream ( do+ any?+ else4 ,we h no bus9ess to beg9 speculat+ ^u transc5d5tal que/ions until we h exam9$ ! purely human causes ( su* an ev5t z ! crucifixion ( ,jesus4 ,:5 an adh]5t ( ! s-call$ or?odox view ( ! doctr9e ( ! ,atonem5t is press$ to say j :at he supposes ! dea? ( ,jesus to h effect$ 9 ! m9d ( ,god s z to free humanity f its curse1 he usually takes refuge 9 phrases ab\t ! my/]y ( ! cross1 & s on4 ,he does n say 9 pla9 language exactly :at he means1 = ! tru? is he does n "k2 he only believes :at he has be5 told1 & has p]suad$ himself t x is ( ! utmo/ value to ,*ri/ian exp]i5ce1 :i* x is n & nev] 04 ,! doctr9e z popul>ly held is n only n true b x ought n to be true2 x is a s]i\s h9drance to spiritual religion4 ,:y 9 ! _w %\ld ,god require su* a sacrifice be=e feel+ ,himself free to =give ,8 err+ *ildr58 ,& :y %\ld x be reg>d$ z 9 any real s5se a sub/itute = :at is due f u or any equival5t = :at we %\ld o!rwise h to be>8 ,once m1 p]haps1 ! dogmatic !ologian w pull me up %>ply & say t ,i am misrepres5t+ him1 b ,i ?9k ,i am on fairly safe gr\nd 9 decl>+ t ?is is :at ! ord9>y man 9 ! pew z well z ! man 9 ! /reet und]/&s by ! sav+ "w ( ,jesus1 & he does s because ( ! language ( ! pulpit back$ by ! !ological college preceptor4 ,if ?is is ! ,atonem5t1 !re is little wond] t ?\ghtful m9ds w h no?+ to say to x & t s _m good p are puzzl$ to "k :at to ?9k ab\t x4 ,! human causes ( ! crucifixion ( ,jesus4--,if ! dea? ( ,jesus took place "u simil> circum/ances to-day1 we %\ld be 9 no d\bt z to :at to call x4 ,x 0 a b>b>\s & wick$ murd] in/igat$ by base & unscrupul\s m5 :o want$ to get rid ( a dang]\s tea*]4 ,we d n ne$ to se>* f> 9 ord] to f9d reasons = ! trag$y4 ,!re 7 reasons en\gh 9 ! antagonism :i* _h long exi/$ betwe5 ,jesus & ! ecclesia/ical rul]s ( ,judea4 ,jesus held & taught a c]ta9 ideal conc]n+ human life & its relation to ,god4 ,at ! beg9n+ ( ,8 brief public m9i/ry ,he seems to h ?\ght t ,8 invitation to m5 to realise _! div9e son%ip w\ld meet ) a ready response1 & t !re=e ! k+dom ( ,god w\ld )\t great difficulty be e/abli%$ ^u e>? ?r\gh ! work+ ( ! _s ( love 9 human he>ts4 ,at fir/ ,he ga9$ an ext5sive he>+ because ! ,jewi% p 7 will+ & ready to li/5 to any tea*] :o w\ld hold out to !m "s hope ( a bett] & happi] day4 ,consequ5tly ,he 0 = a "t extremely popul>1 & ev5 ! ,ph>isees delib]at$ z to :e!r ,he might prove to be ! long-expect$ lead] :o %\ld re/ore ! k+dom to ,israel4 ,b ?is attitude soon *ang$4 ,p & rul]s alike became disappo9t$ ) ,jesus4 ,!y 7 look+ = a k+dom :i* %\ld come by =ce1 & ,jesus = "o :i* %\ld come by love4 ,!y want$ mat]ial b5efits =?)1 :ile to ,jesus ^! 7 altoge!r a second>y matt]4 ,!n1 too1 ,he became an inconv5i5ce4 ,8 /&>d ( rectitude 0 exact+4 ,he saw ?r\gh ! hypocrisies & villanies ( _m ( ^? :o pos$ z ! guides & directors ( ! nation1 & ,he 0 n sil5t ab\t !m4 ,he spoke out )\t fe> or hesitation4 ,:at o!r p _h be5 ?9k+ & d>$ n say ,he said )\t paus+ to consid] :at ! consequ5ces might be4 ,no wond] ! ecclesia/ics came to feel t ,he mu/ be sil5c$ at any co/4 ,x c h>dly be suppos$ t p 9 g5]al 7 (f5d$ by ,8 pla9 language conc]n+ ^? 9 high places1 b !n !y want$ ,him to d some?+ besides talk4 ,!y want$ to see ,him drive out ! ,roman )\t delay & inaugurate ! era ( p[] & pl5ty4 ,jesus saw well en\gh :at ! end ( all ?is mu/ be4 ,he mu/ ei!r temporise a little1 or g away & hide1 or g /raight on do+ ,8 "w until ! night came & ,he c\ld "w no m4 ,he decid$ = ! la/-nam$ c\rse1 leav+ ! results to ,god4 ,x 0 9 ! l9e ( ,8 duty to g up to ,j]usalem = ! fea/ ( ! ,passov]1 s to ,j]usalem ,he w5t4 ,he c\ld h>dly h be5 "u any delusion z to :at await$ ,him !re4 ,! cr[ds 9 ! capital 7 v excit$ ab\t ,him2 ,8 "n 0 on e lip1 & !re 7 _m :o w\ld h decl>$ = ,him at once if ,he _h only (f]$ ,himself z ! national *ampion aga9/ ! =eign]4 ,b by ?is "t prie/s1 ,ph>isees1 & scribes und]/ood t1 9 _! s5se ( ! ^w1 a national *ampion ,he w\ld nev] be4 ,! crisis 0 rea*$ at ! cleans+ ( ! ,temple4 ,! moral greatness1 ! trem5d\s impressiv5ess1 ( ! p]sonality ( ,jesus 7 nev] m cle>ly demon/rat$ ?an on ?is occasion4 ,!re 0 no e>?ly reason :y dove-sell]s1 money-*ang]s1 prie/s1 & ,temple (ficials %\ld be driv5 pell-mell out ( prec9cts !y _h come to look ^u z _! own1 except t !y 7 ov]aw$ by ! /]n maje/y ( ?is wond]ful ,galilean4 ,= a brief h\r ,jesus 0 ma/] ( ! situation2 ! next day ,he 0 arre/$4 ,! ?+ _h to be done secretly & quickly1 b ^? :o plann$ x calculat$ rightly4 ,no soon] 0 ,jesus made a prison] ?an ! populace turn$ aga9/ ,him & clam\r$ = ,8 de/ruction4 ,^? :o "k some?+ ( mob psy*ology w readily und]/& ?is4 ,human passion easily sw+s f adoration to hate1 z hi/ory has %[n ov] & ov] aga94 ,if a /rong man fails 9 a conflict ( =ces 9 a "t ( great public excitem5t1 he is r>ely all[$ to s9k quietly into oblivion2 ! mob turns ^u him ) ! savag]y ( a wild bea/4 ,napoleon 0 "o day driv+ ?r\gh ! /reets ( ,p>is amid *e]+ cr[ds4 ,"o ( 8 suite rem>k$ to him t x mu/ be gratify+ to see h[ 8 subjects lov$ him4 ,bah6 said ! ,emp]or1 ,! same rabble w\ld *e] j z madly if ,i 7 go+ to ! guillot9e4 ,he 0 "r4 ,x 0 j ! same ) ?is ,j]usalem cr[d4 ,! populace ?\ght t ! ,jesus :o _h seem$ s /rong 0 n s /rong aft] all1 & !re=e _! base fury v5t$ itself ^u ,him j z prie/s & ,ph>isees _h =ese54 ,^! 7 ! imm$iate causes ( ! dea? ( ,jesus4 ,8 execution 0 a judicial murd] done to gratify sac]dotal spite & popul> passion1 & ! m5 :o took "p 9 x 7 guilty ( :at has prov$ to be ! blacke/ de$ 9 hi/ory4 ,! same type ( man exi/s to-day1 z he has exi/$ 9 e age1 & if ,jesus came aga9 )\t say+ :o ,he 01 hi/ory w\ld repeat itself4 ,i d n suppose ,8 enemies w\ld nail ,him on a wood5 cross1--public op9ion w\ld =bid t n[1 ?anks to n9ete5 c5turies ( ,8 gospel1--b !y w\ld f9d "s means ( mak+ ,him suff]1 & !y w\ld invoke ,8 own "n to ju/ify !m 9 do+ x4 ,! reason :y !re 0 no sup]natural int]f]5ce4--,b is ?is all t c be said ab\t ! matt]8 ,:]e does ,god come 98 ,:y 0 a crime ( ?is sort ev] p]mitt$8 ,:y has ! memory ( x actually become a religi\s dogma8 ,o!r p h be5 put to dea? q z unju/ly1 & ! results1 ?\gh great1 are n to be comp>$ ) ^? :i* h foll[$ f ! dea? ( ,jesus4 ,:y is ?is8 ,z we h already se51 ! popul> view ( ! doctr9e ( ,atonem5t presumes t ?is f\l de$ 0 9 "s way1 z ! scripture has x1 by ! det]m9ate c\nsel & =ekn[l$ge ( ,god4 ,0 x really s8 ,0 ! :ole dreadful drama m]ely a programme to be gone ?r\gh 9 all its appo9t$ /ages1 end+ ) ! cry ( ! victim1 ,x is f9i%$8 ,!re is "o s5se1 & only "o1 9 :i* su* a de$ c be said to h be5 by ! det]m9ate c\nsel & =ekn[l$ge ( ,god1 & t is t ,god did n int]f]e to save ,jesus f ! la/ dread ordeal4 ,he all[$ wick$ness to d its wor/1 & !reby made ! dis9t]e/$ nobl5ess ( ! "* ( ,jesus all ! cle>]4 ,9 su* a "t z t 9 :i* ,jesus liv$ su* a life z ,8 0 sure to end on a ,calv>y ( "s k9d1 unless ,he ran away f x1 or ,god sup]naturally int]v5$ to save ,him4 ,nei!r ev5t happ5$4 ,if ,jesus _h %runk f ! full consequ5ces ( ,8 actions2 if ,he _h temporis$1 conceal$ ,himself1 tri$ to ga9 "t1 or adopt$ any o!r subt]fuge or exp$i5t 9 ord] to save ,8 life--t life w\ld n h ! moral p[] x possesses or %9e ) su* glori\s lu/re 9 ! _w to-day4 ,sup]natural int]f]5ce w\ld h dimm$ ! moral beauty ( ! fai?1 c\rage1 & p]fect self-devotion ( ,jesus4 ,! moral wor? ( any act ( self-sacrifice1 no matt] on :at scale x is p]=m$1 is dep5d5t ^u ! fact t x is done )\t reg>d to consequ5ces4 ,if we c\ld see ) absolute cle>ness ! sure & c]ta9 result ( any action1 if we c\ld "k1 z unque/ionably z t two & two make f\r1 t x w\ld always pay to d ! "r ?+1 ! v s\l ( goodness w\ld h gone out ( x4 ,x is j because we d n "k1 save ) ! deep] k t contradicts appe>ances1--! k t is rightly t]m$ fai?1--t an unselfi% action is 9 accord ) ! g5]al rightness ( ! univ]se1 & !re=e mu/ prevail 9 ! end1 t !re is any?+ praisewor?y 9 x4 ,! det]m9ate c\nsel & =ekn[l$ge ( ,god 7 t ?is %\ld be fully demon/rat$ 9 ! exp]i5ce ( ,jesus1 z x has be5 9 ! exp]i5ce ( _m a "o ( ,8 foll[]s s9ce4 ,once m !re=e we come to ! la/ ^w ( ! cosmos1 manife/ation by sacrifice2 & ! exp]i5ce ( ,jesus is ! sum & c5tre ( x all4 ,! reason :y ! "n ( ,jesus has su* p[] 9 ! _w to-day is because a p]fectly noble & unselfi% life 0 cr[n$ by a p]fectly sacrificial dea?4 ,bo? 7 ne$$2 ei!r )\t ! o!r w\ld h be5 incomplete4 ,_m a ,briti% soldi] has di$ z brave a dea? z ,jesus1 b none h ev] liv$ ! life ( ,jesus4 ,! life & dea? toge!r 7 a p]fect self-(f]+1 ! (f]+ ( ! unit to ! :ole1 ! individual to ! race1 ! ,son to ! ,fa!r1 & !re=e ! greate/ manife/ation ( ! inn]mo/ ( ,god t has ev] be5 made to ! _w4 ,x makes ! sacrifice unreal to speak ( x z ?\gh ,jesus knew ! end f ! beg9n+ & =esaw e /age 9 ! programme be=e ,he came to x4 ,he did n2 ,he %rank f ! %ameful end j z we %\ld h done1 & pray$ to ,god to save ,him f x4 ,an imm5se am\nt ( pi\s nons5se has be5 spok5 & writt5 ab\t our ,"l's agony 9 ,ge?semane4 ,we h be5 told t 9 ?is dreadful h\r ! sorr[ ( ,jesus bore no relation to 8 physical dea?1 b 0 caus$ by ,8 my/]i\s self-id5tification ) all ! s9s ( mank9d1 pa/1 pres5t1 & to come4 ,to add to ! horror ,god ! ,fa!r turn$ ,8 face away f ,him1 treat+ ,him z ?\gh ,he 7 inde$ ! embodim5t ( all ! guilt ( mank9d1 ! scapegoat driv5 into ! wild]ness4 ,i h nev] be5 able to read ?is k9d ( ?+ )\t an inn] prote/ aga9/ ! unreality ( x2 x precludes ! possibility ( und]/&+ ,jesus or ent]+ sympa!tically into an exp]i5ce 9 :i* to a great] or less degree e noble s\l has soon] or lat] to %>e ) ,him4 ,! only way to expla9 ,ge?semane is to approa* x f ! purely human po9t ( view1 z we h already done ) ! causes :i* l$ up to ! crucifixion4 ,let u try to put ourselves 9 ! suff]]'s place1 a p]fectly legitimate & "r ?+ to d4 ,h[ w\ld any ( u h felt 9 ! circum/ances ( ,jesus8 ,suppose t y _h lab\r$ consi/5tly & :ole-he>t$ly1 9 season & out ( season1 to get m5 to realise _! div9e son%ip & live ! life t is life inde$4 ,suppose y _h se5 y\r hopes p]i% "o by "o1 & t mat]ialism1 selfi%ness1 & hypocrisy seem$ to h become all ! /rong] = y\r prote/4 ,suppose y saw evil ga!r+ head aga9/ y1 t y f\nd y\rself left utt]ly alone1 & t ev5 ,god seem$ to be sil5t 9 ?is h\r ( tragic failure4 ,"h are y\r enemies triumphant at ! gate1 ?ir/+ = y\r blood4 ,beyond t gate1 betrayal1 torture1 & public %ame are wait+ = y4 ,9 ! backgr\nd ( all /&s ! cruel gibbet to :i* y\r own c\ntrym51 ! p y h lov$ ) an all-absorb+ love1 %all pres5tly commit y4 ,tell me :at y w\ld pray 9 l circum/ances4 ,y\r agony w\ld be j z great z t ( ,jesus1 ?\gh p]haps y\r pray] w\ld lack ,8 magnific5t fai? & ungrudg+ self-surr5d]4 ,jesus w5t to ,8 dea? hav+ no?+ to rely ^u except ,8 inn] conviction t ,god & ! cause ( tru? 7 "o1 & t someh[ or o!r 9 ! end t w\ld be made pla9 to ,himself & all ! _w4 ,x w\ld h be5 ! same no matt] :at _h be5 ! p>ticul> dea? t ,jesus di$4 ,8 murd]]s might h tak5 ,8 life 9 any "o ( a ?\s& ways & ! ultimate result w\ld h be5 j z we see x n[4 ,!y might h hang$1 dr[n$1 or burnt ,him1 9 :i* case ! /ake or ! hangman's rope w\ld h become ! symbol ( ! _w's r$emption1 b1 aft] ! fa%ion ( _! "t1 !y crucifi$ ,him2 x 0 ! wor/ !y c\ld d1 & !y want$ to d ! wor/4 ,at ,calv>y p]fect love jo9$ issue ) p]fect hate1 p]fect goodness ) p]fect wick$ness1 & became victori\s by endur+ ! wor/ & rema9+ pure & un*ang$ to ! la/4 ,! moral outcome4--,b x 0 n ! la/ aft] all2 ! _w _h /ill to reckon ) ,god4 ,t life & dea? h become a moral =ce1 a spiritual dynamic great] ?an any be=e or s9ce1 j because ( ! complet5ess ( ! self-(f]+ t culm9at$ on ,calv>y's cross4 ,i mu/ n anticipate :at ,i h to say ab\t ! resurrection fur!r ?an to rem>k t m came out ( ! tomb ( ,jesus ?an ev] w5t into x4 ,:5 all seem$ lo/ ?is buri$ life arose 9 p[] 9 o!r lives t up till !n _h nev] fully kn[n its div9e greatness & spiritual beauty4 ,?is is ! tru? ab\t ! dea? ( ,jesus1 & no?+ ne$s to be add$ to %[ h[ great an ev5t 9 ! deal+s ( ,god ) m5 x mu/ h be54 ,x 0 bo? simple & sublime4 ,!ological ^w-sp9n+ only s]ves to obscure its true significance4 ,%[ to ! _w ! real ,jesus2 tell m5 h[ x came ab\t t ,he _h to die1 & !y _c help b love ,him4 ,,*apt] ,,ix ,,! ,,atonem5t ,,ii4 ,semitic ,ideas ( ,atonem5t ,atonem5t 9 hi/ory4--,:at1 !n1 has ?is dea? to d ) ! ,atonem5t8 ,a great deal2 b ! be/ way to answ] ! "q w be to obta9 a cle> idea z to :at ! ,atonem5t really means & always has meant to ,*ri/ian exp]i5ce1 not)/&+ ! tortu\s ways 9 :i* ! doctr9e has be5 articulat$4 ,i am conv9c$ t und]nea? e g5u9e attempt to expla9 ! ,atonem5t :i* has ev] held ! field = any l5g? ( "t 9 ,*ri/ian hi/ory ! same tru? is always to be f\nd4 ,x is s ev5 ) ! /atem5t ( x :i* is suppos$ to be or?odox to-day1 b :i* is q mod]n aft] all1 & is practically discr$it$ by all ?\ghtful m9ds4 ,! m5tal dialect *anges f "o g5]ation to ano!r1 b tru? does n4 ,z a matt] ( fact1 /atem5ts ( tru? are b conv5tional symbols at ! be/1 & possess only ! e?ical & emotional value associat$ ) !m 9 our m9ds4 ,?is is :y v5]able propositions :i* seem obscuranti/ to u orig9ally possess$ vital significance to _! fram]s2 ! e?ical & emotional cont5t 7 great] ?an ! =m ( /atem5t1 z !y always mu/ be4 ,e "o ( my read]s is no d\bt aw>e ( ! p[] possess$ by "s p>ticul> l&scape or piece ( music to awak5 c]ta9 emotions 9 ! he>t or br+ back ! memory ( c]ta9 ev5ts to ! m9d4 ,! same sc5e or song might n d ?is = anyone else because ! associations are diff]5t4 ,x is mu* ! same ) ! =ms 9 :i* religi\s tru? is /at$ f age to age4 ,! =m is no m ! tru? ?an ! l&scape is ! emotion or recollection x excites2 x is only a symbol = ! tru?4 ,to grasp ?is cle>ly %\ld n only make u m tol]ant ( ar*aic confessions ( fai?1 b %\ld help u to realise t tru? is "o ev5 "u app>5tly contradictory =ms ( /atem5t4 ,x is our duty 9 religion z 9 ev]y?+ else to endeav\r to express ! cont5t ( spiritual exp]i5ce 9 ! =ms :i* be/ accord ) ! m5tal dialect ( our own day4 ,i repeat1 !re=e1 t und]nea? e "o ( ! pr9cipal =ms ( /atem5t 9 :i* ! doctr9e ( ,atonem5t has be5 pres5t$ 9 ! pa/ ! same tru? is to be f\nd4 ,x is an int]e/+ hi/orical & psy*ological /udy to try to f9d out :at x is4 ,atonem5t 9 ! ,old ,te/am5t4--,z ,i h already said above1 x is usual = writ]s on ! ,atonem5t to beg9 by tak+ scripture = grant$ & pres5t+ an exam9ation ( ! pr9cipal passages 9 :i* ! ,atonem5t is ?\ght to be presum$ or decl>$4 ,b if :at ,i h j said be true1 we h to get beh9d ev5 ! language ( scripture & ask h[ ! writ]s ( ! ,old & ,new ,te/am5ts came to use ^! p>ticul> symbols & :at !y orig9ally meant4 ,! ^w atonem5t is n an exact translation ( any "o ,old ,te/am5t t]m1 b connotes a gr\p ( relat$ religi\s ideas4 ,9 its ,*ri/ian use o!r elem5ts ent] into x f ,greek ?\ght :i* are n to be f\nd 9 ! ,old ,te/am5t4 ,b ! ,old ,te/am5t s\rce ( ! ideas z well z ! t]m is mu* old] ?an ! ,greek1 & !re=e we are "r 9 look+ to ! ,old ,te/am5t = ! orig9 ( ! doctr9e :i* has tak5 su* an important place 9 ,*ri/ianity4 ,b "h aga9 mod]n rese>* has op5$ up an enorm\s field ( inve/igation4 ,israel 0 a memb] ( a va/ family ( nations all ( :i* _h sprung f "o /ock1 & ( :i* ! ,babylonians & ,assyrians 7 ! mo/ p[]ful repres5tatives4 ,! ,israelites 71 politically speak+1 a comp>atively insignificant folk surr\nd$ by mighty empires :i* _h atta9$ a high degree ( civilisation4 ,! excavations :i* are n[ proce$+ 9 ori5tal l&s1 especially ! t]ritories occupi$ by anci5t ,assyria1 ,babylonia1 & ,egypt1 are br++ mu* valuable & int]e/+ matt] to light4 ,we f9d t ! civilisation ( ^! peoples 0 mu* old] ?an up to n[ s*ol>s h believ$4 ,! communities inhabit+ ! l& ( ,canaan1 = example1 _h develop$ a complex political & comm]cial organisation long be=e ! ,israeliti% invasion2 ,canaan 0 9 fact ! highway along :i* pass$ ! comm]ce ( ,egypt ) ! mighty nations to ! nor?4 ,! pa9/ak+ ef=ts ( exp]t explor]s are br++ va/ =gott5 lit]atures to light & recon/itut+ = u ! religi\s ideas & modes ( life ( ^! p ( ! anci5t _w4 ,"o result ( ^! rese>*es has be5 to prove t ,hebrew religi\s ideas 7 closely alli$ to ^? ( o!r ,semitic peoples1 & ev5 ! way 9 :i* !y 7 express$ ow$ n a little to old] civilisations4 ,9 no?+ 0 ?is m cle>ly ! case ?an ) ! ideas includ$ aft]w>d 9 ! doctr9e ( ,atonem5t4 ,! ^w translat$ ,atonem5t 9 our v]sion ( ! ,old ,te/am5t scriptures play$ an important "p 9 ! ,old ,te/am5t sacrificial sy/em1 & ?is aga9 0 closely connect$ ) ,semitic modes ( wor%ip 9 g5]al4 ,! ,day ( ,atonem5t4--,!re 0 "o great day 9 ! ,jewi% religi\s ye> call$ ! ,day ( ,atonem5t1 :5 a special ritual 0 gone ?r\gh & special (f]+s made to ,god on acc\nt ( ! s9s ( ! p z a :ole4 ,! c]emonial 0 v elaborate & ! occasion 0 obs]v$ ) great solemnity by ! :ole nation4 ,z describ$ 9 ! ,old ,te/am5t ! prescriptions = ?is ,day ( ,atonem5t1 ! ,good ,friday ( ! ,levitical sy/em z x has be5 call$1 probably owe a good deal to ,babylonian influ5ces4 ,x %\ld be rememb]$ t ! out/&+ ev5t 9 lat] ,jewi% hi/ory 0 ! c>ry+ away ( ! fl[] ( ! nation by ,nebu*adnezz> into ,babylon1 :]e !y rema9$ = m ?an two g5]ations4 ,x is q likely t1 9 spite ( _! exclusiv5ess & _! hatr$ ( _! conqu]ors1 ! ,jews may h borr[$ "s ( _! religi\s ritual f ! ,babylonians1 b1 :e!r !y did or n1 ! ideas und]ly+ _! respective modes ( wor%ip 7 mu* ! same4 ,primitive religi\s sacrifice among ,semitic peoples appe>s to h be5 ma9ly ( a joy\s "*2 wor%ip & sacrifice w5t h& 9 h&4 ,! wor%ipp]s 7 accu/om$ to (f] to _! gods sacrifices ( ev]y?+ :i* ! vot>ies !mselves valu$1--! fruits ( ! e>?1 _! mat]ial possessions1 _! flocks & h]ds1 ! prison]s !y _h tak5 9 w>1 & occasionally ev5 ! *ildr5 ( _! own body4 ,x 0 only on great & solemn occasions1 su* z ! necessity = /ay+ a pe/il5ce1 or av]t+ defeat 9 w>1 t ! (f]+ ( ! m t]rible k9ds ( sacrifice 0 made4 ,x w\ld be in/ructive1 !re=e1 = u to inquire :at 7 ! und]ly+ ideas assum$ 9 ,semitic religi\s sacrifice4 ,und]ly+ ideas 9 ,semitic sacrifice4 #a4 ,! solid>ity ( man ) ,god4--,9 ! fir/ place !re 0 ! idea ( community ( life betwe5 ! wor%ipp] & 8 god4 ,x is d\btful h[ f> ?is c be press$1 b x is cle> t 9 ! ,semitic m9d !re 0 always a conviction t ! deity ( ! clan or tribe 0 ! giv] z well z ! su/a9] ( its life4 ,?is did n apply to ! m9or div9ities1 ! demons ( wood & /ream1 b to ! tribal deities1 ! ,*emo% ( ,moab1 ! ,dagon ( ! ,phili/9es1 ! ,jehovah ( ,israel4 ,probably ! ,phili/9es 7 n ,semites1 b no d\bt anci5t wor%ip 9 g5]al took = grant$ ?is community ( life betwe5 any p>ticul> p & _! deity4 ,9 ! (f]+ ( ! be/ ( _! possessions to ! god ! wor%ipp]s ?\ght !y 7 r5d]+ to him ( 8 own4 ,z he 0 at once ! giv] & ! gu>dian ( life1 !y felt b\nd to r5d] him ! be/ ( ! fruits ( life4 ,?is 0 a true ?\ght1 a pr9ciple ess5tial to all true spiritual life1 & impli$ 9 all spiritual aspiration4 ,! read] w h already se5 t x is fundam5tal to ! ,new ,!ology4 ,h[ev] crude & ev5 repell5t "s ( its expressions may h be5 9 anci5t modes ( wor%ip1 x is ! same tru? all ages ?r\gh--! tru? t ,god & man are ess5tially "o4 #b4 ,! solid>ity ( ! individual ) ! community4--,a fur!r idea und]ly+ primitive sacrifice 0 t ( ! solid>ity ( ! individual ) ! community z a :ole4 ,9 ! ,*aldean tribes out ( :i* ,israel arose p]sonality z we "k x _h n ev5 em]g$4 ,read]s ( ! ,old ,te/am5t w n ne$ to be rem9d$ t 9 ! e>li] /ages ( ,israel's exi/5ce z a p ! :ole nation 0 repeat$ly said to be puni%$ = ! behavi\r ( individuals1 & families p]i%$ = ! transgression ( a fa!r1 z 9 ! case ( ,a*an4 ,no p>ticul> att5tion 0 ev] paid to ! individual z su*4 ,a man _h no life ( 8 own1 & no value1 ap>t f ! life ( ! community4 ,he belong$ to x1 n to himself4 ,h5ce1 :5 any communal act ( wor%ip 0 p]=m$1 :5 any tribal sacrifice 0 made to ! deity1 ! organic unity ( ! individual ) ! :ole 0 specially emphasis$4 ,physically & spiritually ! unit 0 held to belong to ! :ole1 & to exi/ = ! sake ( ! :ole4 ,"h aga9 we h a great tru?1 ! f\ndation tru? ( all morality1 & a tru? :i* rea*es its highe/ 9 ! life ( ,jesus4 ,! deep5+ ( individual self-consci\sness1 & ! increas$ p]ception ( individual value1 h nei!r weak5$ nor de/roy$ x1 = x is writt5 9 ! v con/itution ( ! univ]se4 ,mank9d is fundam5tally "o2 "h is morality4 ,we are individually fulfill$ 9 ,god2 "h is religion4 ,^! are ! cognate ideas und]ly+ all modes ( sacrificial wor%ip1 anci5t or mod]n4 ,^! are ! ideas :i* f9d elaborate c]emonial expression 9 ! ,israeliti% ,day ( ,atonem5t z describ$ 9 ! ,old ,te/am5t4 ,! ma9 purpose ( ^! obs]vances 0 ! desire to ass]t z solemnly & emphatically z possible ! ess5tial on5ess ( ! community ) ,god1 & ( e individual ) all ! re/4 ,ev]y?+ :i* t5d$ to sep>ate betwe5 ,israel & h] ,god 0 c]emonially put away on ?is great occasion4 ,f ! religi\s po9t ( view x 0 ! beg9n+ ( a new ye>4 ,! ,babylonian new ye> began ab\t ! same "t4 ,x 0 suppos$ t a man's good or evil =tune 0 appo9t$ on new ye>'s day & settl$ pa/ all possibility ( revision on ! t5? day aft]4 ,! int]v5+ n9e days 7 !re=e kept z a sort ( ,l5t5 season2 ! t5? day 0 ! gr& occasion = ! mak+ sure ( ! h>moni\s relations ( ! community ) ! deity4 ,x w be se51 !re=e1 t psy*ologically ! idea ( ,atonem5t takes prec$5ce ( ! idea ( s94 ,mo/ we/]n]s are accu/om$ to ?9k exactly ! rev]se1 & t is :y ! v>i\s !ories ( ,atonem5t :i* h appe>$ & disappe>$ 9 ! c\rse ( ,*ri/ian hi/ory h s g5]ally obscur$ ! tru?4 ,! root pr9ciple ( ,atonem5t is n t ( escap+ puni%m5t = transgression1 b ! ass]tion ( ! fundam5tal on5ess ( ,god & man4 ,?is may or may n be accompani$ by feel+s ( guilt & contrition1 b x is ! v m>r[ ( religion4 ,atonem5t implies ! act+-toge!r ( ,god & man1 ! subord9ation ( ! individual w to ! univ]sal w1 ! fulfilm5t ( ! unit 9 ! :ole4 ,s5se ( s9 n orig9ally ess5tial to atonem5t4--,x ought to be recognis$ t 9 ,semitic modes ( wor%ip ! idea ( s9 did n orig9ally hold ! place x has s9ce come to hold 9 ! ,*ri/ian consci\sness4 ,! ,babylonian & ! e>ly ,israelite 7 greatly afraid ( (f5d+ ,god1 b !y d n seem to h ?\ght ( su* a transgression z be+ morally culpable4 ,! pr(\nd s5se ( s9 :i* *>act]ises s _m ( ! psalms & prophetic writ+s ( ! ,old ,te/am5t 0 a comp>atively late developm5t4 ,! primitive ,semites _h a m>k$ly an?ropomorphic idea ( _! deities4 ,!y ?\ght ( any div9e be+ z m or less l an ord9>y man & liable to take umbrage at little ?+s4 ,x 0 ev5 possible to (f5d him )\t kn[+ x1 & !re=e to be left )\t protection aga9/ ! ills ( life4 ,x 0 to make sure ( smoo?+ away all possible misund]/&+s t cov]+ sacrifices 7 (f]$ f "t to "t2 b ! (f]+ ( ^! sacrifices did n necess>ily mean t ! wor%ipp] ?\ght he _h done any?+ to be a%am$ ( & :i* requir$ to be put "r4 ,he 0 simply treat+ 8 god z he w\ld h treat$ a p[]ful e>?ly patron or pot5tate1 t is1 he 0 apologis+ = any?+ he might h done to ali5ate 8 fav\r4 ,?is notion ( ! necessity = placat+ ,god is to be f\nd 9 close association ) ! wor?i] spiritual in/9cts to :i* ,i h already ref]r$1 & x has n ev5 yet disappe>$ f our ?9k+4 ,unbiass$ read]s ( ! ,old ,te/am5t w f9d abundant ju/ification = ?is /atem5t4 ,we are told repeat$ly !re9 t ! ang] ( ! ,"l 0 k9dl$ aga9/ ,israel or aga9/ ?is or t individual1 & t ! :ole community _h 9 consequ5ce to humble itself be=e ,him 9 ord] to av]t plague1 or pe/il5ce1 or "s o!r =m ( g5]al calamity4 ,n only 0 ,jehovah ?\ght ( z a k9d ( l>g] man :o 0 at once protector & tyrant to 8 p1 he 0 b ! ,god ( ,israel 9 contradi/9ction to ! gods ( o!r nations1 "o ,god out ( _m4 ,x 0 only gradually1 & aft] ! lapse ( ages1 t ,israelites came to ?9k ( _! ,god z ! ,god ( ! :ole e>? & a be+ :o mu/ be wor%ipp$ 9 righte\sness4 ,israel 0 =tunate 9 possess+ :at o!r nations _h n 9 ! same degree1 a succession ( specially inspir$ m51 tea*]s ( moral & spiritual tru? call$ prophets4 ,! be/ ( ^!--= no d\bt ! g5]ality ( !m spoke only ! language ( _! "t--e>ne/ly prote/$ aga9/ mat]ial ideas ( sacrifice & inadequate notions ab\t ,god4 ,!y decl>$ t ,god & ! moral ideal 7 "o & t ! be/ way to s]ve ! =m] 0 to be true to ! latt]4 ,true sacrifice1 !y ma9ta9$1 0 ( a spiritual k9d & ought nev] to be ?\ght ab\t 9 any o!r s5se4 ,?us 9 ! fifty-fir/ psalm ! writ]1 "o ( ! prophetic s*ool1 ?us contra/s m]e c]emonialism ) spiritual wor%ip3 ,?\ desire/ n sacrifice1 else w\ld ,i give x2 ,?\ delighte/ n 9 burnt (f]+4 ,! sacrifices ( ,god are a brok5 _s4 ,a brok5 & a contrite he>t1 ,o ,god1 ,?\ wilt n despise4 ,or take ! prophet ,micah1 *apt] vi41 v]se #f4 ,"h is a ref]5ce to human sacrifice1 to :i* ! ,israelites 7 prone f "t to "t1 foll[+ ! example ( _! neighb\rs3 ,:]e) %all ,i come be=e ! ,"l1 & b[ myself be=e ! ,mo/ ,high ,god8 %all ,i come be=e ,him ) burnt (f]+s1 ) calves ( a ye> old8 ,w ! ,"l be pleas$ ) ?\s&s ( rams1 or ) t5 ?\s&s ( riv]s ( oil8 %all ,i give my fir/born = my transgression1 ! fruit ( my body = ! s9 ( my s\l8 ,& ! answ] ( ! prophet is3 ,he ha? %[$ !e1 ,o man1 :at is good2 & :at do? ! ,"l require ( !e1 b to d ju/ly1 & to love m]cy1 & to walk humbly ) ?y ,god8 ,"h we h a decl>ation 9 unmi/akable t]ms t ! moral ideal & ! religi\s ideal are "o1 & t to wor%ip ,god prop]ly ! wor%ipp] mu/ treat 8 fell[-m5 prop]ly4 ,we n[ get ! idea t s9 aga9/ ,god is n some?+ into :i* a man may fall )\t kn[+ x1 b ! liv+ ( a selfi% life4 ,atonem5t nev] an equival5t = p5alty4--,we ought to recognise too t ! sacrifices ( ! ,day ( ,atonem5t 7 nev] held to secure a complete amne/y = all k9ds ( s94 ,if a man committ$ !ft or murd]1 he _h to be> ! appropriate p5alty ( 8 misdemean\r because he _h be5 guilty ( an action direct$ aga9/ ! well-be+ ( ! community & ! community _h to take measures to protect itself2 ! ,day ( ,atonem5t avail$ no?+ 9 su* a case4 ,"h is :]e _m :o see 9 ! ,old ,te/am5t sacrificial sy/em a type & anticipation ( ! "o p]fect sacrifice ( ,jesus frequ5tly g wide ( ! facts4 ,! ,day ( ,atonem5t 0 a c]emonial & symbolical ass]tion ( ! will+ness ( ! individual & ! nation to fulfil _! true de/9y by be+ at "o ) ,god4 ,if "s p>ticul> man _h be5 s liv+ z to cut himself (f f ! communal well-be+1 he _h to suff]4 ,! significance ( ! blood4--,_m p seem to ?9k t "s actual sav+ efficacy 0 suppos$ to atta* to ! %$d+ ( ! blood ( ! victims (f]$ on ! alt> ( sacrifice1 b t nev] 0 s4 ,no d\bt 9 ! ignorant popul> m9d mat]ial sacrifices came to be look$ ^u z possess+ "s virtue 9 !mselves1 b ! intellig5ce ( ! nation nev] reg>d$ !m 9 ?is way4 ,9 ! (f]+ ( a victim ! wor%ipp] symbolically (f]$ himself4 ,! ,semites ?\ght t ! life ( any organism 0 9 ! blood4 ,?us 9 ,numb]s we read1 ,! life ( ! fle% is 9 ! blood1 & ,i h giv5 x to y ^u ! alt> to make atonem5t = y\r s\ls1 = x is ! blood t make? atonem5t by reason ( ! s\l 7or life74 ,:51 !re=e1 a man (f]$ ! blood ( a victim ^u ! alt>1 he 0 symbolically decl>+ 8 recognition ( ! tru? t ! individual life belongs to ! :ole & mu/ give or p\r itself out to ! common life & to ,god ! s\rce ( all4 ,only 9 ?is way c\ld individuality realise itself2 ap>t f ! :ole x 0 mean+less & valueless4 ,! tru? b5ea? all sacrifice1 h[ev] b>b>\s4--,?is helps u to see h[1 ev5 und]nea? ! mo/ horrible & repell5t modes ( anci5t religi\s sacrifice1 !re 0 some?+ ess5tially great & noble4 ,:5 a hea!n "m pass$ h] *ild ?r\gh ! fire to ,molo*1 did ! sacrifice co/ h] no?+8 ,to be sure x did4 ,x mu/ h be5 mu* h>d] to give h] baby ?an to give h]self4 ,%e did x because %e _h be5 taught to believe t to give "o's be/ & de>e/ possession = ! life ( ! :ole 0 an action acceptable to ,god & wor?y ( our relation%ip to ,him4 ,we h deep5$ & purifi$ t ideal1 b we h n lo/ x2 we nev] c4 ,z "t w5t on m5 came to see t !re 0 a high] way ( giv+ ! self to ! :ole ?an t ( immolat+ a physical life1 & a bett] way ( symbolis+ t (f]+ ?an by %$d+ ! blood ( bulls & goats2 b ! ess5tial tru? b5ea? all ! intricate sacrificial sy/ems ( anci5t ,israel & h] neighb\rs is "o t c nev] p]i%4 ,to sum up4 ,atonem5t is ! ass]tion ( ! fundam5tal unity ( all exi/5ce1 ! unity ( ! individual ) ! race & ! race ) ,god4 ,! individual c only realise t unity by sacrific+ himself to x4 ,to fulfil ! self we mu/ give ! self to ! ,all4 ,?is is ! tru? presum$ 9 all anci5t ideas ( ,atonem5t4 ,! idea ( placat+ a manlike ,god = (f5ces committ$ aga9/ 8 dignity has be5 a concomitant ( ?is p]ception1 ev5 a h9drance to x1 b x has nev] :olly obscur$ ! tru? itself4 ,t tru? is con/ant & ess5tial to all religion & morality1 & is ! cord9at+ pr9ciple to all betwe5 !m4 ,,*apt] ,x ,,! ,,atonem5t ,,iii4 ,! ,doctr9e 9 ,*ri/ian ,hi/ory & ,exp]i5ce ,antiquity ( ! ess5tial tru?4--,f :at has n[ be5 said x w1 ,i hope1 be cle> t ! roots ( ! ,*ri/ian doctr9e ( ,atonem5t lie f> back 9 hi/ory1 especially ,semitic hi/ory m$iat$ ?r\gh ! ,old ,te/am5t1 & t its fundam5tal tru? is "o ) :i* ! _w c nev] disp5se2 x is bo? simple & sublime4 ,no?+ wor? do+ 9 human hi/ory has ev] be5 done ap>t f x or ev] w be4 ,x is no p>adox to say t ev5 a morally e>ne/ agno/ic believes 9 ! ,atonem5t2 at any rate he believes 9 ! all-ess5tial tru? )\t :i* !re w\ld nev] h be5 su* a ?+ z a doctr9e ( ,atonem5t4 ,no consi/5t !ory 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t4--,b n[ we come to ! consid]ation ( ?is tru? z x has pass$ ov] into ,*ri/ianity4 ,i d n propose to give an accurate & exhau/ive analysis ( ! pr9cipal ?+s t h be5 said ab\t x1 f ! writ+s ( ,/4 ,paul d[nw>ds2 t w\ld only be we>isome to my read]s & lead to no p>ticul> result4 ,b if ,i h succe$$ 9 mak+ cle> ! psy*ological necessity = ! exi/5ce ( ! idea ( ,atonem5t1 x w s]ve u z a guid+ pr9ciple :5 we come to consid] x 9 relation to ! sacrifice ( ,jesus4 ,_m exegetes h und]tak5 to %[ t ! v>i\s ,new ,te/am5t writ]s held "o & ! same !ory ( ! relation ( ! dea? ( ,jesus to ! =giv5ess ( s9s2 nev] 0 a task m hopeless4 ,! ,paul9e1 ,petr9e1 & ,johann9e !ories1 & t ( ! writ] ( ! epi/le to ! ,hebrews1 are n mutually consi/5t1 & ,paul is n always consi/5t ) himself4 ,! pr9cipal ?+ !y h 9 common is _! belief t ! dea? ( ,jesus 0 ( vital efficacy 9 ! do+ away ( s94 ,! symbolism 9 :i* !y set =? ?is tru? is borr[$ ma9ly f ! ,old ,te/am5t1 & we h already se5 :at und]lay t symbolism ev5 9 its e>lie/ use4 ,old ,te/am5t language ab\t sacrifice supplies ! m5tal dialect ( ! ,new1 & n[ t we h ! key to x we ne$ nei!r be puzzl$ nor misl$ by x4 ,b5ea? all t ! ,new ,te/am5t writ]s h to say ab\t ! dea? ( ,jesus !re is ! same gr& old spiritual tru? ( ,atonem5t :i* makes religion possible4 ,be=e we resume our exam9ation ( ! connection betwe5 ! dea? ( ,jesus & ! do+ away ( s91 let u look = a mom5t at :at po/-apo/olic ?\ght has _h to say ab\t x4 ,! ,fa!rs4--,f ! beg9n+ ( ! second c5tury onw>ds ! ,fa!rs ( ! *ur* & _! !ological successors attempt$ a v>iety ( explanations ( ! way 9 :i* ! dea? ( ,jesus a*iev$ pot5tially ! r$emption ( mank9d4 ,x is n easy to say j :5 "o p]iod ( ,*ri/ian ?\ght closes & ano!r beg9s2 b1 broadly speak+1 we c = conv5i5ce classify !m into ! p]iod ( ! ,fa!rs1 ! m$iaeval p]iod1 ! ,re=mation & aft]w>ds up to ! eighte5? c5tury1 & ! p]iod ( mod]n ?\ght4 ,! ,fa!rs may be divid$ into two gr\ps1 ! ante-,nic5e & ! po/-,nic5e writ]s1 & also into ! ,greek & ,lat9 ,fa!rs4 ,b z ,i am n writ+ = !ological /ud5ts1 ,i w n attempt any fur!r analysis ( ! v>i\s patri/ic s*ools4 ,^? :o wrote previ\s to #cbe ,a4,d4 belong to ! ante-,nic5e gr\p2 ^? :o wrote aft] t date1 to ! po/-,nic5e gr\p4 ,! ante-,nic5e writ]s1 g5]ally speak+1 avoid giv+ any !ory ( ! atonem5t at all2 b two ( _! greate/ ?9k]s1 ,orig5 & ,ir5aeus1 held t mank9d _h fall5 "u ! dom9ion ( ,satan1 & t ,jesus by ,8 suff]+s paid a ransom to ,satan 9 ord] t we might be fre$ f 8 p[]4 ,po/-,nic5e ,fa!rs = ! mo/ "p adopt$ ?is view )\t attempt+ to ju/ify x4 ,among/ _! /atem5ts we f9d ! ideas t ! ,atonem5t 0 a ransom to ,satan & also a sacrifice to ,god1 b !y (f] no explanation ( ! necessity ( ei!r4 ,lat] on ,augu/9e anticipat$ subsequ5t ,*ri/ian ?\ght by ma9ta9+ t ! aton+ "w ( ,jesus 0 "p ( an et]nal purpose4 ,anselm & aft]4--,! s*ola/icism ( ! ,middle ,ages f9ds its fir/ important expression 9 ! illu/ri\s ,anselm1 an acute ?9k] & a beautiful s\l4 ,anselm reject$ ! idea ( a ransom to ,satan1 decl>+ t ,satan _h no rights ov] humanity2 9 place ( ?is notion he put =w>d ! !ory t ,jesus made to ,god an inf9ite satisfaction = an inf9ite debt4 ,accord+ to ?is !ory ! maje/y ( ,god _h suff]$ indignity because ( human s91 & yet man 0 unable by himself to (f] an adequate satisfaction = ! (f5ce4 ,h5ce ! et]nal ,son ( ,god became man 9 ord] t ,he might (f] ! only satisfaction t c\ld be consid]$ adequate4 ,?is !ory did n g un*all5g$4 ,abel>d1 = example1 ask$ ! v reasonable "q h[ ! guilt ( mank9d c\ld be aton$ = by ! great] guilt ( ^? :o put ,jesus to dea?4 ,abel>d's fam\s oppon5t1 ,b]n>d ( ,clairvaux1 also repudiat$ ,anselm's ma9 cont5tion & fell back ^u ! !ory ( a satisfaction to ,satan4 ,re=mation !ories4--,at ! "t ( ! ,re=mation ! "q ( ! ,atonem5t =m$ ! subject ( consid]able controv]sy1 &1 on ! :ole1 ! ,re=m]s 7 less reasonable ?an ! ,ca?olics1 z is ! case to "s ext5t ev5 to-day4 ,! ,roman ,ca?olic doctr9e ( ,atonem5t is mu* ne>] to ! tru? ?an conv5tional ,prote/ant /atem5ts ab\t ! f9i%$ "w & s on4 ,"o consid]able section ( sixte5?-c5tury ,prote/antism held & taught ! doctr9e ( ! total depravity ( human nature1 & insi/$ on ! idea t ,jesus bore ! actual p5al suff]+s ( s9n]s4 ,calv9i/s held t ^! suff]+s _h value = ! elect only4 ,aga9/ ^! views ,soc9ianism arose z a prote/1 b t5d$ to r$uce ! ,passion ( ,jesus to a sort ( drama enact$ by ,god 9 ! pres5ce ( humanity 9 ord] to excite m5's contrition & w9 _! love4 ,! mod]n lack ( a !ory4--,mod]n evangelical ?\ght has done v little ) all ^! !ories except to make !m impossible2 x has no consi/5t & reasonable explanation to put 9 _! place4 ,! popul> k9d ( evangelical phraseology is t :i* cont9ues to repres5t ,jesus z hav+ borne ! puni%m5t due to human s92 salvation is spok5 ( z ?\gh x meant deliv]ance f ! po/-mortem consequ5ces ( misdo+4 ,m ab\t s94--,9 all ^! !ories x is evid5t t ! dea? ( ,jesus is closely connect$ ) ! =giv5ess ( s9 & t ! =giv5ess ( s9 is ! vital elem5t 9 ! ,atonem5t4 ,9 ord] to und]/& ! tru? ab\t ?is let u return to :at has already be5 said on ! subject ( s9 & pursue x a little f>!r4 ,i h already po9t$ out t s9 is selfi%ness pure & simple1 & t t def9ition w cov] all its manife/ations4 ,!re is no s9 t is n selfi%ness1 !re is no selfi%ness t is n s94 ,all possible activities ( ! s\l are betwe5 selfi%ness on ! "o h& & love on ! o!r4 ,if p w\ld only accept ?is simple explanation ( a great subject1 x w\ld get rid ( mo/ ( ! confusion ( ?\ght t exi/s 9 reg>d to x4 ,! life ( love is ! life liv$ = imp]sonal ends2 ! s9ful life is ! life liv$ = self alone4 ,! life ( love is ! life :i* does ! be/ ) ! self = ! sake ( ! :ole2 ! s9ful life is ! life :i* is liv$ = ! self at ! exp5se ( ! :ole4 ,! desire = gratification at "s "o else's co/1 or at ! co/ ( ! common life1 is ! root pr9ciple ( s94 ,s9 aga9/ ,god is simply an (f5ce aga9/ ! common life2 x is attempt+ to draw away f in/ead ( m9i/]+ to ! common good4 ,! s9ful man ?9ks x w pay him to be selfi%2 8 impulse is to suppose t he c ga9 m happ9ess1 c dr9k m deeply ( ! cup ( life1 by do+ x at ! exp5se ( o!r p4 ,we all d x m or less1 & yet ! _w might h le>n$ by ?is "t t selfi%ness does n pay2 ! ?or\ghly selfi% man is an unhappy man1 = he has n drawn ^u ! s\rce ( abid+ joy4 ,l love1 selfi%ness is a gue/ = life1 b :]eas love obta9s m abundant life by freely giv+ itself1 s9 loses hold on life by try+ to grab & keep x4 ,e man is seek+ life & seek+ x 9 "o or o!r ( ^! opposite ways2 he is ei!r fulfill+ ! self by s]v+ ! :ole1 or he is try+ to fe$ ! self by robb+ ! :ole4 ,b life is ,god1 & !re is no life :i* is n ,god4 ,god is ! life all-abundant1 ! life inf9ite & et]nal1 ! life t nev] gr[s old1 ! life t is joy4 ,e man1 consci\sly or subconsci\sly1 wants t life2 he is want+ x all ! "t4 ,:y does ! man ( bus9ess sp5d s _m h\rs 9 8 (fice 9 ! ef=t to make money8 ,x is because money repres5ts p[]1 p[] t c pur*ase m life & full]4 ,probably he does n want x all = himself2 he works = love ( 8 family or love ( ! community1 & 8 desire to s]ve !m makes 8 "w gladd]1 s t already he has m abundant life ?an he w\ld o!rwise possess4 ,analyse human action1 no matt] :at1 & x w be se5 to po9t 9 "o or o!r ( ^! two directions1 self-w>d or all-w>d4 ,if ! =m]1 x w %rivel ! s\l1 x makes = dea?2 if ! latt]1 x w exp& ! s\l1 x makes = life4 ,?is is a spiritual law :i* kn[s no exception2 9 ! long run ! lov+ de$ br+s l>g] life & joy1 ! selfi% de$ br+s pa9 & d>kness4 ,be n deceiv$1 ,god is n mock$2 :atsoev] a man s[e? t %all he also reap4 ,he t s[e? to ! fle% %all ( ! fle% reap corruption1 b he t s[e? to ! _s %all ( ! _s reap et]nal life4 ,x is evid5t f ! =ego+ t ev5 ! s9ful life is a que/ = ,god1 al?\gh x does n "k itself to be su*1 = 9 seek+ life sa9t & s9n] alike are seek+ ,god1 ! all-embrac+ life4 ,& ! s9n] mu/ le>n t to seek life selfi%ly is to lose x2 to seek x unselfi%ly is bo? to ga9 & to give x4 ,! good man & ! bad man are seek+ ! same ?+ 9 opposite ways4 ,dur+ ! rec5t ,new ,!ology controv]sy ! editor ( ! ,briti% ,weekly1 9 ! c\rse ( an attack ^u my tea*+1 pr9t$ a numb] ( extracts f my s]mons 9 ord] to conv9ce 8 read]s t t tea*+ 0 objectionable & false4 ,9 e case ! extract 0 c>efully remov$ f its context & !re=e convey$ q a mislead+ impression to ! m9d ( ! read]4 ,"o ( ^! extracts 0 f a s]mon on ,m ,abundant ,life1 prea*$ 9 ! ,city ,temple on ,sunday morn+1 ,m>* #ah1 #aijf4 ,z ?is extract has be5 widely circulat$1 p]haps ,i may be p>don$ = giv+ x "h along ) ! context4 ,all t ! editor *ose to pr9t 0 a "p ( ! p>agraph 9 :i* s9 0 describ$ z a que/ = ,god1 & yet he mu/ h kn[n p]fectly well t to take t p>agraph out ( its sett+ 0 to d an inju/ice bo? to ! prea*] & to ! subject4 ,obs]ve ! %>p anti!sis betwe5 ! ?ief or ! robb] on ! "o h&1 & ! ,good ,%eph]d on ! o!r4 ,^! two /& = two oppos+ t5d5cies t h run ?r\gh all nature & all human life4 ,all nature ?r\gh1 all hi/ory ?r\gh1 two conflict+ t5d5cies h be5 disc]nible4 ,^! are ev] at w>1 & !y ev] w be until ! :ole _w has be5 subdu$ to ,*ri/1 & is fill$ ) ! fulness ( ! life ( ,god4 ,^! two t5d5cies we may describe z ! dea?w>d & ! lifew>d respectively4 ,! words are n v satisfactory because ! dea?w>d t5d5cy masqu]ades z ! lifew>d t5d5cy1 & ! lifew>d t5d5cy1 be=e fruition1 looks l ! dea?w>d "o4 ,9 nature1 z ,romans viii4 tells u1 ,we "k t ! :ole creation groane? & travaile? 9 pa9 toge!r until n[4 ,nature is cruel1 r$ 9 too? & claw4 ,! dea?w>d t5d5cy is :at ,i may call ! self-w>d t5d5cy 9 ! upw>d /ruggle ( all organic =ms1 t is1 "o organism only exi/s at ! exp5se ( o!r organisms4 ,yet at a c]ta9 /age 9 evolution ?is pr9ciple ( ! survival ( ! fitte/ at ! exp5se ( ! re/ gives way to a c\nt] pr9ciple1 t ( ! fitt+ ( z _m z possible to survive4 ,! ?ief t5d5cy gives way to ! %eph]d t5d5cy1 self-love to "m-love1 ! /ruggle to survive to ! /ruggle = ! life ( o!rs4 ,i d n pause at ! mom5t to acc\nt = ^! two anti!tic t5d5cies1 !re !y are2 all ?r\gh ! hi/ory ( ?is sad old _w ( ours ^! two t5d5cies h be5 9 %>p conflict4 ,bo? are cosmic1 bo? probably resolvable 9 t high] unity :i* is too my/]i\s = u to p5etrate1 b to our m9ds !y are 9 flagrant opposition to ea* o!r4 ,! ?ief come? to /eal & to kill & to de/roy2 "m-love1 ,*ri/-love1 t x may give life1 & t m abundantly4 ,9 human hi/ory ! anti!sis is ev5 m pla9ly m>k$4 ,f "o po9t ( view1 hi/ory is little else ?an ! /ory ( ! crimes & follies ( mank9d4 ,if x 7 entirely t1 ! /udy w\ld be too sadd5+ to ent] ^u2 b x is n all ( t "*1 & yet x is suffici5tly s to ca/ a %ad[ ov] ! optimism ( any man :o inve/igates human evolution z told 9 song & /ory4 ,! pr9ciple t !y %\ld take :o h ! p[]1 & !y %\ld keep :o c has rul$ 9 human conc]ns f ! dawn ( hi/ory until to-day4 ,x is /rong en\gh 9 our mid/ ev5 n[4 ,out indu/rial sy/em is f\nd$ ^u x1 & is ess5tially un*ri/ian4 ,comm]cialism is saturat$ ) x2 all m5 suff] f x1 b (t5 !y "k n h[ to get free f x4 ,rusk9 has a grimly amus+ p>agraph on ! p>allel betwe5 an e>li] civilisation & t ( to-day1 & ! id5tity 9 pr9ciple ( ! self-w>d t5d5cy 9 bo?4 ,9 m$iaeval times1 z he w\ld say1 ! robb] b>on 0 wont to possess himself ( a m\nta9 =tress1 :5ce he swoop$ d[n ^u hapless pass]s-by to rob !m ( _! possessions & _! lives4 ,to-day ! successful f9ancial magnate does ! same by effect+ corn]s 9 corn & su* l4 ,! great writ] adds1 ) *>act]i/ic irony1 ,i pref] ! crag b>on to ! bag b>on4 ,yet ) all ?is we see at "w 9 hi/ory ano!r t5d5cy :i* we c recognise z pla9ly z ! =m]1 b :i* fills u ) great hope = ! future ( humanity1--x is t :i* is summ$ up 9 ! "o ^w ,*ri/4 ,t ^w /&s all ! _w ov] = ! ?+s t make = m abundant life4 ,j z 9 ! text ! ^w ?ief /&s = ev]y?+ t makes = sep>at5ess1 selfhood1 cruelty1 s ! ^w ,*ri/ /&s = ev]y?+ t makes = union1 mutual helpfulness1 bro!rly k9dness4 ,! ?ief /&s = ! t5d5cy to grasp & draw inw>d1 & ! ,*ri/ /&s = ! t5d5cy to give1 & live outw>d4 ,! =m] t5d5cy is :at ,i call ! dea?w>d--dea?w>d = all else b itself2 & ! ,*ri/ is ! lifew>d1 life = all else b itself4 ,yet--curi\s inv]sion ( e>li] exp]i5ce--! dea?w>d t5d5cy results 9 dea? to itself 9 ! spiritual region1 & ! lifew>d t5d5cy results 9 life to him :o gives life4 ,i h p[] to lay x d[n1 & ,i h p[] to take x aga94 ,i want y to realise "h1 !n1 t ! ,*ri/ 9 humanity is ! life-giv] ( ! s\l4 ,!y :o are possess$ ( ! ,*ri/ _s are !y :o h & c give ! m abundant life4 ,we h briefly exam9$ ! two t5d5cies ( :i* ,i h spok52 h y realis$ t 9 ! ?+s ( ! _s ! dea?w>d t5d5cy is :at we call s98 ,s9 is selfi%ness2 x is ! attempt to misuse ! en]gies ( ,god2 x is ! expansion ( individuality at ! exp5se ( ! race4 ,i d n "k t y c arrive at a mu* m ?or\gh explanation ( ! nature ( s9 ?an t4 ,m5 blund]+ly attempt to classify virtues1 & ?9k ( s9 z simply ! failure to atta9 !m4 ,x is n t1 x is some?+ deep]2 s9 is ! attempt to m9i/] to self at ! exp5se ( t :i* is outside self4 ,x lives by dea? to o!rs1 or seeks to d s4 ,:5 ,i 0 away a few weeks ago ,i paid a visit to ,monte ,c>lo to see :at x 0 l1 & w5t into ! fam\s gambl+ saloon1 & /ood = a :ile look+ at ! faces ( ! play]s4 ,i c\ld n see any?+ v diff]5t f :at ,i see n[2 ! p :o 7 engag$ 9 t all-engross+ pursuit might h be5 9 *ur*1 !y 7 s quiet1 s ord]ly1 & s app>5tly passionless4 ,yet ,i felt--x may h be5 a prea*]'s prejudice--t ! moral atmosph]e ( t place 0 "o 9 :i* ,i did n want to rema92 !re 0 some?+ bad !re1 & ,i ?9k ,i c\ld disc]n :at x 04 ,! gambl] is ess5tially a man :o is try+ to get some?+ = no?+2 he is draw+ to himself t :i* he supposes w give him m satisfy+ & abundant life4 ,let :o w suff]2 x is n 8 conc]n4 ,:at is lifew>d = him may be dea?w>d = !m2 he is will+ t x %\ld be s--t is ! s94 ,s9 is always a mi/ake1--a s\l's mi/ake2 x is ! c>ry+ up into ! spiritual region ( t /]n & t]rible law ( ! physical _w1 ! survival ( an organism at ! exp5se ( its fell[4 ,t law is rev]s$ 9 ! spiritual _w2 x is replac$ by some?+ else4 ,if a s\l is to ga9 m abundant life1 x mu/ rise above ! desire to grasp & hold4 ,! gambl] is sell+ t beautiful ?+ :i* came fre% f ! h& ( ,god1 & is at once ,god's life & 82 he is de/roy+ ! pres5t possibility ( atta9+ to t high] life :i* is ! de/9y ( ! s\l4 ,! ,*ri/ 9 him c f9d no expression4 ,& yet1 my fri5ds1 realise ?is1 h[ev] />tl+ x may seem1 s9 itself is a que/ = ,god--a blund]+ que/1 b a que/ = all t4 ,! man :o got dead drunk la/ night did s because ( ! impulse )9 him to break ?r\gh ! b>ri]s ( 8 limitations1 to express himself1 & to realise m abundant life4 ,8 self-indulg5ce j came to t2 he want$ if only = a brief h\r to live ! l>g] life1 to exp& ! s\l1 to ent] untrodd5 regions1 & ga!r to himself new exp]i5ce4 ,t drunk5 debau* 0 a que/ = life1 a que/ = ,god4 ,m5 9 _! s9ful follies to-day1 & _! blank a!ism1 & _! f\l blasphemies1 _! trampl+ ^u ?+s t are beautiful & good1 are engag$ 9 ?is dim1 blund]+ que/ = ,god1 :om to "k is life et]nal4 ,! r\ y saw 9 ,piccadilly la/ night1 :o w5t out to corrupt innoc5ce & to wall[ 9 fil?9ess ( ! fle%1 0 engag$ 9 8 blund]+ que/ = ,god4 ,he is look+ = ,him along ! l9e ( ! wrong t5d5cy2 he has be5 ga!r+ to himself :at he took to be m abundant life1 b s91 :5 x ha? conceiv$ br+e? =? dea?--dea? to ! s9n] z well z to 8 victim1 dea? ( :at is deepe/ & true/ 9 ! s\l4 ,yet--,i repeat x--all m5 are seek+ life1 life m abundant1 ev5 9 _! selfi%ness & wrong-do+1 seek+ life by ! dea?w>d road4 ,:atev] crazy sorr[ sai?1 ,no life t brea!s ) human brea? ,has ev] truly long$ = dea?4 ',tis life1 :]e( our n]ves are scant1 ,o life1 n dea?1 = :i* we pant1 ,m life & full] ?an ,i want4 ,on ! foll[+ ,sunday ,i prea*$ a s]mon entitl$ ! ,nature ( ,s91 9 :i* ! same po9t 0 remphasis$ ) ev5 great] di/9ctness1 z ! foll[+ extract w %[3-- ,i ?9k ,i />tl$ "s ( y la/ ,sunday morn+ :5 ,i happ5$ to rem>k t s9 01 aft] all1 a que/ = ,god--a mi/ak5 que/1 b none ! less a que/ = ,god1 = all t4 ,i want to expla9 to y to-night some:at m 9 detail :at ,i mean by ?is1 because ! m cle>ly we c see ! tru? ! m cle>ly we c p]ceive s9 to be a s\l's blund]4 ,!re are two t5d5cies disc]nible ?r\gh\t nature & 9 human hi/ory4 ,^! two t5d5cies are ess5tially oppos$1 are ev] 9 conflict1 & ev] w be until ! :ole _w is subdu$ to ,*ri/1 & ,god is all 9 all4 ,i call$ !m la/ ,sunday morn+ f ! pulpit ! dea?w>d & ! lifew>d respectively4 ,! t]ms are n v satisfactory1 because ! dea?w>d t5d5cy usually masqu]ades z ! lifew>d1 & ! lifew>d (t5 looks l ! dea?w>d4 ,t is :y s9 is ev] possible4 ,a man ?9ks to get some?+ by x1 & ?\gh he f9ds out 8 mi/ake aft]w>d1 yet he supposes x to be = him ! lifew>d road4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ! utt]ly unselfi% de$ (t5 looks z ?\gh x 7 a de$ t w\ld br+ de/ruction ^u ! do]4 ,n s4 ,jesus ,*ri/ saw "r to ! he>t ( ?+s :5 ,he said1 ,he t love? 8 life %all lose x1 & he t lose? 8 life = ,my sake ! same %all f9d x4 ,if y sub/itute = ! words = ,my sake1 = tru?'s sake1 or = life's sake1 y w get j ! same mean+1--he t keeps back 8 life %all lose x1 & he t gives =? 8 life %all f9d x4 ,"h1 !n1 are two t5d5cies %>ply contra/$4 ,n[ obs]ve _! op]ation 9 nature & 9 human exp]i5ce4 ,y are all aw>e (1 & frequ5tly h be5 sadd5$1 no d\bt1 by :at y reg>d z ! cruelty ( nature4 ,!re is a trag$y "u e rose leaf1 !re is unceas+ conflict to ! dea? go+ on 9 e h$g][4 ,nature is inde$ cruel4 ,i h (t5 wat*$1 dur+ ?is w9t] :i* is n[ draw+ to a close1 ! little birds fe$+ outside ! w9d[ ( my breakfa/ room 9 ! morn+4 ,l _m ( y1 we put out a few crumbs = ^! fea!r$ fri5ds :o %>e ! same g>d5 ) ourselves1 & ,i h always notic$ t !re is a battle royal f\ght r\nd ^? crumbs4 ,!re is en\gh = ev]yone1 & yet ! in/9ct ( ^! little creatures is to try & grab & keep all1 ea* "o = itself4 ,! in/9ct ( ! l[] creation appe>s to be t a =m c only pres]ve itself1 & only exp& & express itself1 at ! exp5se ( o!r =ms4 ,x is a /]n & t]rible law1 z y well "k4 ,=ms1 by a sl[1 upw>d progress 9 ! unfold+ ( ! purpose to :i* nature exi/s1 h become :at !y are at ! exp5se ( e>li] & weak] =ms4 ,!re is a t5d5cy to grasp & hold1 a t5d5cy to kill & to de/roy1 & ?is1 to "s m9ds1 appe>s to be ! /ronge/ t5d5cy 9 nature or 9 man4 ,i "q x1--9 fact1 ,i d5y x1--& ,i want t y & ,i %\ld arrive at ! same conclusion respect+ x4 ,= !re is ano!r t5d5cy obs]vable work+ f ! v e>lie/ ?r\gh\t ! processes ( nature1 too4 ,x is t :i* ,h5ry ,drummond describes z ! /ruggle = ! life ( o!rs4 ,if y l1 we w call x "m-love4 ,i saw x illu/rat$ only ye/]day4 ,a "m %eep1 /&+ 9 h] place among/ ! flock1 0 surpris$ ) ! re/ at ! incursion ( a mongrel dog4 ,! flock fl$ in/antly1 b ! ord9>ily timid "m /ood h] gr\nd4 ,! reason 0 n f> to seek4 ,!re 0 a little lamb c[]+ beh9d h]1 & %e1 ov]com+ h] natural in/9ct ( self-pres]vation1 turn$ h] face to ! dog to draw 8 att5tion1 if possible1 to h]self & deflect x f h] "y "o4 ,n[1 t in/9ct repres5ts ! t5d5cy ( :i* ,i speak1 ! anti!tic t5d5cy to ! o!r already describ$4 ,x is ! /rong] ( ! two4 ,x indicates ! goal t[>d :i* nature h]self is mov+4 ,! :ole creation groane? & travaile? 9 pa9 toge!r until n[1 b "m-love is a prophecy ( a high] yet to be4 ,x is ! =?-go+ in/9ct1 ! all-w>d1 lifew>d t5d5cy4 ,n[ turn to humanity4 ,i ?9k y w agree ) me t "r ?r\gh human hi/ory ! same two t5d5cies are obs]vable4 ,! f>!r back we g1 ! /rong] seems ! self-w>d t5d5cy4 ,! natural /ate ( uncivilis$ man is a /ate ( w>4 ,man 9 primitive communities only exi/s & fl\ri%es by de/roy+ o!r communities4 ,a mo/ curi\s ?+ x is1 too1 t app>5tly our dome/ic & civic virtues h gr[n out ( ?is /ate ( w>4 ,a man us$ to c>ry 8 wife (f by ma9 =ce4 ,%e become 8 prop]ty4 ,he ex]t$ 8 brute =ce1 he magnifi$ 8 own p]sonality1 z x 71 9 cru%+ o!r p]sonalities4 ,8 *ildr5 7 9 8 h&s = life & dea?4 ,if he aft]w>ds le>n$ to love !m1 x 0 9 contradi/9ction to ! *ildr5 t 7 n 84 ,t :i* 0 81 s to speak1 gratifi$ 8 egotism2 &1 al?\gh a m beautiful relation%ip grew out ( x1 su* 0 ! unpromis+ beg9n+4 ,to-day :5 y he> a man speak+ l\dly ab\t my c\ntry1 or my family1 or my society1 z ! case may be1 y may be p]fectly sure t he is project+ himself into 8 patriotism1 or into 8 loyalty to family or society2 & inde$ ?is 0 ! l[ly beg9n+ ( :at has come to be an excell5t virtue4 ,we h _h to le>n b5evol5ce by conc5trat+ unselfi% att5tion ^u ! few r ?an ! _m4 ,! f>!r back y g 9 hi/ory1 ! /]n] does ! op]ation ( t law appe>1 & ! less promis+ ! future ( mank9d4 ,if p tell me ! _w is n gett+ bett]1 ,i sugge/ t x might be wor? _! :ile to read a *apt] ( m$iaeval or primitive hi/ory4 ,9 ! ,odyssey1 = in/ance1 ,hom] sket*es = u ! c>e] ( a /rong & rem>kable man4 ,8 h]o1 suppos$ to be a p>agon ( virtue1 is capable ( ?+s y w\ld call sc\ndrelism to-day4 ,he & 8 b& ( /orm-toss$ companions l& ^u an isl& ( ! ,grecian ,ar*ipelago & f9d a city !re4 ,!y promptly sack x & kill all ! inhabitants--m51 wom51 & *ildr54 ,x seem$ to be ! prop] ?+ to d1 & f\nd its way into v]se1 & !y boa/$ ab\t su* h]oic exploits4 ,x 0 brutal murd]1 & ! m5 :o 7 capable ( x 7 no?+ m or less ?an pirates4 ,yet t /]n1 t]rible t5d5cy ?us illu/rat$ is j "o ) t inscrutable law "u :i* nature h]self has come to be :at %e is4 ,x is :at ,i call ! self-w>d t5d5cy1 ! desire to grasp & keep at ! exp5se ( o!r individualities o!r societies ?an our own4 ,b 9 hi/ory1 & f ^? v e>lie/ times d[n to our own1 ano!r t5d5cy has %[n itself at "w1 a c\nt] t5d5cy4 ,! two h be5 s int]tw9$ frequ5tly--z ,i h indicat$ 9 %[+ :]e patriotism comes f--t x has be5 difficult to dissociate !m2 b !y are q di/9ct4 ,take1 = in/ance1 ! magnific5t devotion ( ,arnold von ,w9kelri$ on ! field ( ,sempa*4 ,switz]l& has n exi/$ z a political unit = _m c5turies1 b dur+ t "t h] roll ( h]oes has be5 l>ge4 ,9 ! =mative h\r ( ,swiss indep5d5ce1 :5 t t9y folk 7 /ruggl+ = _! lib]ty aga9/ ! ov]we5+ p[] ( ,au/ria1 x mu/ h seem$ a hopeless und]tak+--?is gr\p ( m\nta9e]s aga9/ ! *ivalry ( an empire4 ,! great battle ( ,sempa* 0 f\ght4 ,! ,swiss1 arm$ ) no?+ b _! battle-axes1 hurl$ !mselves 9 va9 all day long aga9/ ! s]ri$ ranks ( ,au/rian mail-clad w>riors1 arm$ ) spe>s1 ?r\gh :i* ! %eph]d m5 c\ld make no way4 ,!y fell be=e !m1 b c\ld n pass ?r\gh !m1 till ,w9kelri$ call$ to 8 c\ntrym51 ,provide = my wife & *ildr5 & ,i w make a way1 &1 ru%+ un>m$ ^u ! spe>m5 ( ,au/ria1 clasp$ 9 8 embrace z _m ( !m z he c\ld & bore !m to ! e>?4 ,a doz5 spe>s pass$ ?r\gh 8 body1 b ?r\gh ! gap 8 devotion _h made1 8 c\ntrym5 leap$ to victory4 ,t "o act made possible1 humanly speak+1 ! ,swiss indep5d5ce1 :i* is an object-lesson = u to-day4 ,su* acts z ^! =m "p ( ! *]i%$ lore ( nations4 ,we feel !y are ! light-c5tres ( ! _w4 ,some?+ tells u t an act l t1 ! giv+ ( a life = ! sake ( an ideal1 a cause1 a c\ntry1 0 a great ?+4 ,x repres5t$ ! c\nt] t5d5cy to :at 0 go+ on at t mom5t4 ,9 t v battle ,au/ria 0 try+ to grasp & hold1 ,switz]l& 0 try+ to get free & live h] own life1 & "h 0 a man :o1 = ! sake ( 8 c\ntry's ideal1 gave all t he _h--8 life4 ,w y tell me :]e to look = ! focus & c5tre ( t ideal8 ,i "k :at y\r answ] w\ld be4 ,x 0 at ,calv>y4 ,! "o ?+ :i*1 consci\sly or subconsci\sly1 m5 h recognis$ 9 ,jesus t has giv5 ,him ,8 supreme attraction = ! _w1 is ?is--,he 0 absolutely dis9t]e/$4 ,x is ! dis9t]e/$ness ( ,jesus1 ,8 utt] nobl5ess1 ,8 p[] ( project+ ,himself into ! exp]i5ce ( o!rs1 & try+ to lift humanity z a :ole to ,8 exp]i5ce ( ,god1 t gave ,him ,8 p[] ) mank9d4 ,jesus n only proclaim$1 b liv$1 ! c\nt] t5d5cy to ! law ( s9 & dea?4 ,n[1 :5 we h br\ght ! two toge!r1 y see ! ess5tial di/9ction betwe5 work+ = self & its dea?w>d look1 & work+ = all ) its lifew>d gaze4 ,^! two are anti!tic1 & mu/ be 9 opposition until ! latt] absorbs ! =m]1 & ,god is all 9 all1 & love reigne? _w )\t end4 ,we are n[ able to see :at s9 is m pla9ly ?an be=e4 ,s9 is ! t5d5cy to grasp & draw inw>d1 & ev]y?+ t fe$s t t5d5cy makes = dea?4 ,s9 is ! expansion ( ! individuality at ! exp5se ( ! race2 s9 is act+ on ! belief t ! s\l c increase at ano!r's co/1 c increase by de/roy+ :at is ano!r's good4 ,apply t explanation or def9ition ( s9 to :at y "k ab\t life1 & y w soon see :5 a man is fac+ ! dea?w>d road1 & h[ diff]5tly he acts :5 he is *oos+ ! lifew>d road4 ,!re are m5 9 ?is congregation :o d n realise1 z !y %\ld1 t lifew>dness is ,god-w>dness2 b s x is4 ,! s\l & ! s\rce ( all ?+s is ,god1 &1 consci\sly or unconsci\sly1 all m5 are seek+ ,god 9 t !y are seek+ self-expression1 seek+ life4 ,! man1 = in/ance1 :o is try+ to become ri* is a man :o is seek+ to express himself1 seek+ p[]1 seek+ life1 seek+ to ?ru/ ?r\gh ! b>ri]s t surr\nd ! s\l4 ,!y are all do+ x2 ! v]ie/ mat]iali/ among y is seek+ by 8 daily activities m abundant life4 ,! "y man "h :o feels a burn+ ambition )9 8 he>t1 a desire to exploit ! _w & make a "n = himself1 to occupy a high /ation1 is n consci\s ( any?+ ess5tially unwor?y4 ,x all dep5ds on :at he does ) ! impulse4 ,:at y are seek+1 "y man1 is m abundant life1 & t is equival5t to seek+ ,god4 ,life is ,god4 ,e good & e p]fect gift is f above1 & come? d[n f ! ,fa!r ( lights4 ,& :5 ! t5d5cy goes r\nd & works havoc & ru9 9 ! _w1 x /ill rema9s a que/ = ,god1 al?\gh a blund]+ "o4 ,x is a misuse ( div9e en]gy4 ,! man :o got drunk la/ night & gratifi$ 8 l[] nature 9 t deliri\s h\r w\ld be surpris$ if y 7 to tell him :5 y see ! result t he 0 really seek+ ,god1 b s x is4 ,he wants life1 & ?9ks he c get x ?is way4 ,?is is ! reason :y morbid excitem5t & ! crav+ = amusem5t h su* p[] 9 human lives to-day4 ,y\r r\ 9 ,piccadilly :o w5t out to de/roy innoc5ce 0 seek+ life :ile spread+ dea?4 ,x seems almo/ blasphemy to say x1 b he 0 seek+ ,god & ?9k+--,o w(ul blund]6--t he w\ld f9d ,him by de/roy+ some?+ t ,god has made beautiful & fair4 ,s ) all acts ( selfi% gratification ( :i* m5 are capable--!y are ! turn+ ( ! curr5t ( div9e en]gy ! wrong way1 & seek+ self-gratification at ! exp5se ( some?+ else t ,god has made4 ,x is a failure to see t we only obta9 life by giv+ life4 ,:5 an eng9e goes (f ! l9e !re is a sma%1 z a rule1 & ! great] ! p[] t 0 driv+ ! eng9e1 ! worse is ! wreck :5 x leaves ! l9e4 ,! lightn+ direct$ rightly becomes ! lum9ant by :i* we look on ea* o!r's faces to-night4 ,t same p[] might h br\ght havoc & de/ruction if x _h n be5 h>ness$ 9 ! s]vice ( man4 ,& s ) ! p[] t ,god has giv5 y2 all desire = self-expression1 all seek+ ( :i* y are consci\s = l>g] & bett] & ri*] life1 is ,god-giv52 b x may mean ru9 & de/ruction unless y see t x is y\rs1 n t y may draw inw>d1 b t y may give outw>d1 y\rs n to keep & hold1 b y\rs :]e) to bless mank9d4 ,s9 is ! t5d5cy to keep = self t :i* 0 meant = ! _w4 ,! wages ( s9 is dea?1 ! dea? ( s\l4 ,he :o is guilty ( s9 is guilty ( s\l murd]4 ,all !y t hate ,me love dea?1 & he t spreads pa9 & ru9 ov] o!r lives 9 ! gratification ( 8 own l[] in/9cts is us+ some?+ :i* is ,god-giv5--yea1 :i* is ess5tially ,god's own life--9 ! wrong way4 ,! only hope = him is to realise t no act ( s9 0 ev] yet wor? :ile1 t x does puni% itself1 mu/ puni% itself1 = x %rivels & fett]s ! s\l4 ,no elev5?-h\r rep5tance w ev] save y1 & no c[>dly cry = relief w ev] br+ ,god's =giv5ess into y\r s\l1 until y h realis$ t s9 & selfi%ness are "o1 & t :at y h fail$ to give =? ( love & s]vice repres5ts ! measure ( y\r s\l pov]ty4 ,ev5 at ! risk ( prolixity & repetition ,i h ?\ght x "r to ins]t ^! l5g?y extracts f s]mons :i* h be5 animadv]t$ ^u4 ,my read]s w be able to judge ( ! fairness ( ! criticism :i*1 by ab/ract+ a few l9es1 /rove to make x appe> t my tea*+ d5i$ ! reality ( s94 ,"h are ! actual words se5 9 _! prop] sett+4 ,if "o 7 on ! look\t = a good illu/ration ( ! s9fulness ( s91 p]haps ! controv]sial me?ods ( ! editor ( ! ,briti% ,weekly might furni% x4 ,?is k9d ( criticism is on a p> ) t ( ! g5tleman :o once />tl$ an audi5ce by decl>+1 ,! ,bible says !re is no ,god4 ,he 0 "r1 ( c\rse1 if x be legitimate to suppress ! =m] "p ( ! passage1 ,! fool ha? said 9 8 he>t !re is no ,god4 ,x is "t we _h done ) unreal talk ab\t s94 ,s9 is ! murd] _s 9 human exp]i5ce4 ,:osoev] hate? 8 bro!r is a murd]]4 ,if a man say1 ,i love ,god1 & hate? 8 bro!r1 he is a li>3 = he t love? n 8 bro!r :om he ha? se51 h[ c he love ,god :om he ha? n se58 ,/rong language1 b ,i suppose ! man :o fir/ us$ x mu/ h kn[n :at he 0 talk+ ab\t4 ,pomposity is s91 because x is egoism2 self-complac5cy & contemptu\sness are s9 = ! same reason4 ,cupidity is s9 :e!r 9 a burgl> or a ,doctor ( ,div9ity4 ,a bitt]1 grasp+1 cruel1 unsympa!tic _s is s91 no matt] :o %[s x4 ,! scribe & ! ,ph>isee are too mu* ) u1 & ! religi\s ideal ne$s to be rescu$ f _! blight+ grasp to-day z mu* z ev] x did4 ,( all =ms ( s9 an arrogant1 malignant1 self-satisfi$ assumption ( righte\sness is ! wor/ & ! h>de/ to eradicate1 z ,jesus f\nd to ,8 co/4 ,! t]rible damn+ lie :i* is /ifl+ religion to-day is ! lie :i* crucifi$ ,jesus1 ! lie t spiritual pride c ev] int]pret ,god to a ne$y _w4 ,!re is some?+ grimly amus+ 9 ! sugge/ion t prosp]\s p %\ld pay = s5d+ gospel missions to ! poor4 ,if s9 is selfi%ness1 ! poor _h bett] missionise ! ri*4 ,imag9e h[ x w\ld be if ?+s 7 rev]s$ 9 ?is way1 & a mission b& ( e>ne/ slum dwell]s took _! /& 9 ,belgravia & began a h\se-to-h\se visitation1 ) all ! !ological t]ms c>efully elim9at$ f ! mission leaflets !y ?ru/ "u ! doors or h&$ to ! p[d]$ footm54 ,in/ead (1 ,flee f ! wra? to come1 etc41 !y might h3 ,don't be selfi%6 x is hurt+ y & y\r neighb\rs & mak+ y unhappy4 ,don't pret5d6 ,x is poor bus9ess 9 ! end4 ,try to d z mu* z y c = o!r p & y w "k :at ,god is4 ,! attempt w\ld be />tl+ & unwelcome1 b x w\ld be f> less impud5t ?an ! religi\s exhortations ( ! prosp]\s to ! poor commonly are4 ,= ! tru? is t if s9 is selfi%ness1--& x is no?+ else1--! degrad$ habits ( p at ! l[] end ( ! social scale are no m s9ful ?an ! ord9>y behavi\r ( mo/ ( _! preceptors at ! o!r end4 ,mo/ ( ! talk ab\t s9 is unreal2 t is ! tr\ble2 s v]ily ! publicans & h>lots g into ! k+dom ( heav5 be=e u4 ,9 *ur* a man w pr(ess himself to be a mis]able s9n]1 b if we 7 to address him 9 ! same way out ( *ur* he w\ld sue u = libel--if he ?\ght we meant x4 ,= heav5's sake let u h done ) ! %am ( x all & face ! tru?4 ,:at mank9d is suff]+ f is selfi%ness4 ,get rid ( t & !re w\ld be little left to tr\ble ab\t4 ,atonem5t & s94--,x %\ld n[ be pla9 :y ! doctr9e ( ,atonem5t has be5 s closely associat$ ) ! do+ away ( s92 x is because1 z we h se51 ! root idea ( ,atonem5t is ! ass]tion ( ! fundam5tal on5ess ( man ) man & all ) ,god4 ,s9 is ! divisive sep>at+ ?+ 9 our relations ) "o ano!r1 & ) ,god ! s\rce ( all1 s ! ass]tion ( our on5ess involves gett+ rid ( s94 ,if we ask h[ ?is is to be done1 ! answ] is simple en\gh3 ! only way to get rid ( selfi%ness is by ! m9i/ry ( love4 ,:at is x t is sl[ly w9n+ ! _w f its selfi%ness to-day & lift+ x gradually into ! high]1 pur] atmosph]e ( univ]sal love8 ,!re is b "o ?+ t is do+ x1 & t is ! _s ( self-sacrifice4 ,:]ev] y see t1 y see ! true ,atonem5t at "w4 ,!re c be no d\bt ab\t ! f9al issue1 = beh9d ! _s ( love is inf9ity1 :]eas ! _s ( selfi%ness is ess5tially f9ite4 ,on ! field ( human hi/ory ! dea? ( ,jesus is ! focus & conc5trat$ ess5ce ( ?is age-long aton+ process1 :]eby selfi%ness is be+ ov]come & ! :ole race lift$ up to its home 9 ,god4 ,until ,jesus came no self-(f]+ _h be5 s consi/5t & s complete4 ,no selfi% desire c\ld f9d lodgm5t 9 ,8 pure s\l4 ,he %[$ m5 ! ideal life by liv+ x ,himself1 ! life :i* 0 p]fectly at "o ) ,god & man4 ,9 a selfi% _w t life 0 sure to end on a ,calv>y ( "s k9d1 b ! v fact t x did s demon/rat$ ! complet5ess ( its victory ov] all consid]ations ( self-int]e/4 ,selfi%ness lo/ ! battle by seem+ to ga9 x4 ,god 0 beh9d ! life ( ,jesus j because x 0 ! life ( p]fect love1 ! life :i* 0 a p]fect gift to ! :ole1 !re=e t life imm$iately arose 9 p[] 9 o!r lives & has gone increas+ its b5evol5t sway ov] human he>ts ev] s9ce4 ,?is is ! ,atonem5t & x is rightly associat$ ) ! cross ( ,jesus 9 ! m9ds ( m51 = ! cross is ! sum & c5tre ( x all4 ,! increas+ ,atonem5t4--,b ! ,atonem5t to be effective has to be repeat$ on ! alt> ( human he>ts1 & s x is1 to a f> great] ext5t ?an mo/ p /op to ?9k4 ,! same _s t 0 9 ,jesus & gov]n$ ,8 :ole c>e] 0 ! _s ( ! true humanity1 ,! light t lighte? e man t come? into ! _w4 ,! _s ( ,jesus 0 ! _s ( ,*ri/1 ! ideal or div9e manhood z x exi/s et]nally 9 ,god4 ,b t ideal or div9e manhood1 t ,*ri/ nature1 is also pot5tially pres5t 9 e human be+4 ,:at ne$s to be done is to get x manife/$ or br\ght =? into consci\s activity4 ,! imm$iate effect ( ! life & dea? ( ,jesus ^u ,8 foll[]s 0 to make !m m or less l ,him1 & to fill !m ) a simil> desire to get m5 to live ! life ( love :i* is ! life ( ,god4 ,!y felt !mselves inspir$ by ! same _s1 ! ,holy ,_s ( tru? & love1 & exalt$ above all fe> = _! own safety & all desire to live = !mselves alone4 ,!y lov$ _! ,"l s mu* t _! lives became "o ) ,8 9 ! "w ( sav+ ! _w4 ,!y c\ld see no diff]5ce betwe5 s]v+ _! ,ma/] & s]v+ mank9d4 ,?is love =ce ( !irs1 ?is int5se loyalty to ,jesus1 01 & /ill is1 ! r$eem+ ?+ 9 ! life ( mank9d4 ,!re is n & nev] has be5 any o!r ,atonem5t4 ,! div9e p[] t is break+ d[n selfi%ness1 & trans=m+ human desires 9 accordance ) ! et]nal tru? ( ?+s1 is ! _s ( self-sacrific+ love4 ,x is b a /ep f s9n] to savi\r4 ,to cease to be a s9n] is p]=ce to be a savi\r4 ,to escape f ! dom9ion ( selfi%ness is =?) to become a p[] 9 ! h& ( ,god = ! uplift+ & +a!r+ ( mank9d to ,himself2 ?is is ! ,atonem5t4 ,ask y\rself :e!r ?is is n s4 ,:at o!r =ce = good is !re 9 ! _w to-day ?an ! _s :i* gov]n$ ! :ole life ( ,jesus & r5d]$ ,him will+ to brave ! wor/ t evil c\ld d 9 ,8 desire to get m5 to realise ! true life8 ,!re is no o!r4 ,if y want to see ! ,atonem5t at "w1 g :]ev] love is m9i/]+ to human necessity & y see ! v same _s :i* 0 9 ,jesus1 ! _s :i* heals & saves4 ,dogma is do+ no?+ to save ! _w2 ! gospel ( self-sacrifice is do+ ev]y?+4 ,%[ me a ,*ri/like life & ,i w %[ y a "p ( ! ,atonem5t ( ,*ri/4 ,%[ me a noble de$ & ,i w %[ y some?+ wor?y ( ,jesus4 ,8 self-(f]+1 & ! love & devotion x awoke 9 human he>ts1 are a p]petual sacrifice1 a cumulative ass]tion t 9 ! pres5ce ( ne$ love c nev] d any?+ o!r ?an give itself until ! ne$ is suppli$ & love is all 9 all4 ,!re is ev5 a possibility ( sub/itution "h4 ,vic>i\s suff]+ will+ly accept$ becomes irresi/ible 9 ! long run z a means ( lift+ a transgressor out ( ! mire ( selfi%ness4 ,_m a noble wife has sav$ h] husb& by rema9+ at 8 side & pati5tly accept+ ! disabilities caus$ by 8 wrong-do+4 ,x is ev5 possible 9 su* a case = ! savi\r to be> m ?an ! s9n]1 & = ! s9n] to be reliev$ ( "s ( ! consequ5ces ( 8 s92 he w\ld h to suff] m if !re 7 no lov+ help] to /& by him4 ,b to speak ( "o z be>+ ano!r's puni%m5t is untrue2 su* a ?+ _c be4 ,all t love c d is to %>e to ! utt]mo/ 9 ! pa9ful consequ5ces ( s9 & by s do+ break _! p[] ,:at o!r ,atonem5t is ne$$ ?an ?is8 ,x requires no def5ce1 & a *ild c\ld und]/& x4 ,ev]yone already believes 9 x1 :e!r he /ops to ?9k ab\t x or n4 ,:ile ,i am writ+ ^! words a fi]ce /orm is rag+ outside4 ,?is is ! second day we h _h ( x1 & !re seems likely to be "s loss ( life on ! dang]\s rocks outside ! b> :i* =ms ! entrance to ! bay bel[4 ,a visitor has j be5 tell+ me ( a wild] /orm 9 ?is same bay "s ye>s ago1 & ( :i* he says to-day's gale rem9ds him4 ,on t previ\s occasion ?ree %ips 7 wreck$ toge!r )9 a few y>ds ( ?is h\se4 ,x mu/ h be5 a dreadful1 awe-inspir+ sc5e4 ,no boat c\ld live on ! surf1 s e survivor _h to be dragg$ a%ore ) ropes fa/5$ to ! cliffs & haul$ by will+ h&s4 ,hundr$s ( t[nspeople & fi%] folk came p\r+ ov] f ,/4 ,ives & all ! hamlets r\nd ab\t 9 ord] to take "p 9 ! "w ( rescue4 ,accord+ to my in=mant ! sc5e 0 en\gh to /ir any he>t1 & ev5 gr[n m5 7 cry+ ) excitem5t & compassion z "s ( ! poor fell[s 9 ! rigg+ ( ! doom$ vessels 7 wa%$ away be=e !y c\ld be got a%ore4 ,! few :o 7 actually snat*$ f ! jaws ( dea? f\nd no lack ( will+ help]s z "o by "o !y 7 pass$ ins5sible into ! k9d keep+ ( ! _m :o /ood wait+ = an opportunity to be ( s]vice4 ,no "o grudg$ any?+2 e home & e b$ w\ld h be5 *e]fully plac$ at ! disposal ( ! %ipwreck$ m>9]s if !y _h be5 want$4 ,brave wom51 ! wives & daught]s ( m5 :o 7 risk+ _! lives on ! sea e day1 will+ly enc\rag$ _! husb&s & sons 9 battl+ aga9/ ! tempe/ 9 ! endeav\r to save o!r husb&s & sons :om !y _h nev] se5 or he>d ( until t h\r ( di/ress & ne$4 ,& :at a fight x 0 to be sure6 ,nev] 0 a brav]4 ,aga9 & aga9 ^! humble ,corni% h]oes da%$ into ! rag+ bill[s to grasp & guide ! ropes t bore a flick]+ human life1 & e "t !y return$ ) _! helpless burd5 a *e] w5t up f ! wat*]s t dr[n$ = a mom5t ! viol5ce ( ! bla/4 ,no "o ?\ght ( enquir+ into ! !ology ( savi\rs or survivors4 ,no d\bt !re 7 "s among ! =m] :o 7 (t5] to be f\nd at ! public-h\se b> ?an at *ur*1 b no "o c\ld h di/+ui%$ !m f ! or?odox ,*ri/ians :o f\ght ! waves %\ld] to %\ld] beside !m2 !y 7 !re to save life1 & 9 do+ s _! deep] manhood %one out ) div9e spl5d\r4 ,b ! mo/ ( ! rescu]s 7 good s\nd1 e>ne/ ,me?odi/s :o p]haps believ$1 or ?\ght !y believ$1 9 ! et]nal damnation ( ! unreg5]ate4 ,b :at became ( _! doctr9e 9 ! face ( an urg5t human ne$ & ! call = self-sacrifice to supply t ne$8 ,x 0 utt]ly =gott54 ,!re is bo? hum\r & pa?os 9 ! fact t ^! conv9c$ believ]s tugg$ & tore at ! ropes1 & freely jeop>dis$ _! own lives 9 a magnific5t endeav\r to save p]i%+ bodies f temporal wat]4 ,!re is ! tru? = y1 ! real ,atonem5t4 ,! he>t cre$ is usually bett] ?an ! head cre$1 & 9 great mom5ts buries ! latt] out ( sight4 ,"h 0 ! _s ( ,*ri/1 ! true & et]nal manhood1 ! _s t seeks to save at its own co/4 ,"h 0 ! in/9ctive p]ception ( ! fundam5tal on5ess ( all life & ! recognition t ! godlike ?+ is to seek to deliv] life f ! clut* ( dea?4 ,all m5 in/9ctively believe 9 ! ,atonem5t4--,?is is ! deepe/ & true/ impulse ( ! human he>t1 z all m5 already "k if !y w\ld only tru/ _! bett] nature to tell !m :at ,god wants f 8 *ildr54 ,"h is an explosion 9 a coal-m9e1 & =?) e "m's son above gr\nd volunte]s to g d[n into ! *oke-damp to snat* 8 buri$ comrades f ! sleep ( dea?4 ,a few mon?s ago "o su* disa/] took place 9 a ,durham colli]y4 ,mo/ ( my read]s w rememb] t 9 ! newspap] reports ( ! incid5ts t took place at ! pit m\? 7 ! foll[+3 ,a fa!r :o 0 br\ght to ! surface 0 ask$ :e!r he lo/ hope dur+ ! long h\rs ( 8 imprisonm5t bel[ )\t food or light4 ,no1 0 ! reply1 = ,i knew my boy w\ld be 9 ! rescue p>ty1 & t no?+ w\ld turn him back until he f\nd 8 fa!r1 dead or alive4 ,! suffragan bi%op ( ! diocese1 along ) a numb] ( o!r cl]gym5 & noncon=mi/ m9i/]s1 rema9$ all night amid ! sc5e ( sorr[ at ! pit m\?1 do+ 8 be/ to com=t ! m\rn]s z _! lov$ ones 7 br\ght up dead4 ,z morn+ broke he m\nt$ a heap ( c9d]s &1 )\t mak+ any attempt to conceal 8 emotion1 spoke a few manly words ( bro!rly exhortation & ,*ri/ian love to 8 deeply mov$ congregation ( toil]s & suff]]s4 ,"o poor woman1 ) unconsci\s irony1 exclaim$ to ! by/&]s3 ,he doesn't seem l a bi%op6 ,he is j l "o ( ourselves4 ,t s]vant ( ,god has nev] prea*$ ! ,atonem5t m effectually 9 all 8 life--by gett+ toge!r ( man & man1 & man & ,god1 ?r\gh ! _s ( self-sacrifice4 ,he /&s 9 ! true apo/olic succession1 ! succession ( m5 l ,saul ( ,t>sus1 ! er/:ile p]secutor1 :o1 "u ! inspiration ( ! love ( ,jesus1 liv$ to say1 ,:o is weak & ,i am n weak8 ,:o is (f5d$ & ,i burn n8 ,g into any home :]e ! _s ( self-sacrific+ love is try+ to d any?+ to supply a ne$ or save a transgressor1 & y see ! ,atonem5t4 ,foll[ t ,salvation lassie to ! slums1 & li/5 to h] z %e tries to p]suade a drunk5 husb& & fa!r to give up ! s\l-de/roy+ habit :i* is su* a curse to wife & *ild1 & y see ! ,atonem5t4 ,g ) ,j4 ,keir ,h>die to ! ,h\se ( ,commons & li/5 to 8 plead+ = ju/ice to 8 ord] & y see ! ,atonem5t4 ,he> ! pray] ( "m-love = ! err+1 w&]+ son1 & y h ! ,atonem5t4 ,see t grey-hair$ fa!r pati5tly plead+ ) selfi%1 hot-head$ y\?1 or yield+ up 8 own h>d-won possessions to pay ! gambl]'s debts & save ! family "n1 & y h ! ,atonem5t4 ,no?+ c /ir ! human he>t s mu*4 ,all ! great de$s ( hi/ory d]iv$ _! inspiration f x2 all ! little h]oisms ( our common ev]yday life are ! decl>ation ( x4 ,!re is n a s+le "o ( all our ?\ghts & activities b has "s relation to x2 we are ei!r liv+ = ourselves individually & sep>ately or we are liv+ = ! :ole4 ,if ! =m]1 we are ! s]vants ( s92 if ! latt]1 our lives are already "p ( ! ,atonem5t4 ,jesus & ! ,atonem5t4--,x is easy to see h[ mu* ! _w owes to ,jesus 9 ?is reg>d4 ,i _c tell :at ! _w might h be5 if !re _h nev] be5 a ,jesus1 b c]ta9 x is t ! sacrificial life & dea? ( ,jesus h meant ! inp\r+ ( a _s into human affairs su* z _h nev] be5 kn[n 9 ! same degree be=e4 ,"h = ! fir/ "t m5 saw a p]fect manife/ation ( ! life t is life inde$1 ! life t pleas$ n itself1 ! life t ent]$ into & %>$ human disabilities z ?\gh !y 7 its v own1 ! life t 9 ! pres5ce ( selfi%ness mu/ inevitably become sacrifice1 ! life ( ,atonem5t4 ,9 a s9ful _w t life _h to come to a ,calv>y1 b 9 s do+ 9 refus+ to %ield & save itself x became ! greate/ moral p[] & ! greate/ revelation ( ,god t ! _w has ev] kn[n4 ,:at we succe$ 9 do+ "s ( ! "t1 ,jesus did all ! "t2 :5 all m5 are able to d x all ! "t ! ,atonem5t w h become complete & love div9e %all be all 9 all4 ,?\ ha/ conqu]$1 ,o ,galilean6 cri$ ,julian ! apo/ate2 & ,*ri/ian fai? c rev]5tly add-- ,jesus is wor?y to receive ,hon\r & p[] div9e2 ,& bless+s m ?an we c give ,be1 ,"l1 =ev] ?9e4 ,fai? 9 ,jesus is fai? 9 ! ,atonem5t & fai? 9 our own ,*ri/hood4 ,x means ! uprais+ ( ! true life1 ! et]nal life1 )9 our own s\ls4 ,until ,8 _s becomes our _s1 ,8 ,atonem5t has done no?+ = u1 & :5 x does we1 l ,him1 become savi\rs ( ! race4 ,x mu/ be s1 = ! _s ( love is ! same bo? 9 ,god & man2 9 ! pres5ce ( ne$1 no matt] :at ! ne$ may be1 t _s mu/ cont9ue to give itself )\t /9t until ! ne$ is suppli$ & all t w\ld t5d to sep>ate betwe5 ! individual s\l & ! et]nal p]fect :ole is done away4 ,b !n1 someone w say1 :at has ! dea? ( ,jesus effect$ 9 ! unse5 s z to make x possible = ,god to =give u8 ,no?+ :atev]1 & no?+ 0 ev] ne$$4 ,god is n a fi5d b a ,fa!r1 ! s\rce & su/5ance ( our be+ & ! goal ( all our aspirations4 ,:y %\ld we require to be sav$ f ,him8 ,div9e satisfaction 9 ,atonem5t4--,b 9 :at s5se is ! dea? ( ,jesus a satisfaction to ! ,fa!r8 ,9 no s5se at all1 except t ! sacrifice ( ,jesus is ! highe/ expression ( ! inn]mo/ ( ,god t has ev] be5 made4 ,if x af=ds an arti/ satisfaction to express himself 9 a beautiful picture1 or a great ?9k] to express 8 noble ?\ght 9 a book1 surely ! highe/ satisfaction t ,god c "k mu/ be 8 self-expression 9 ! self-sacrifice ( 8 *ildr54 ,at its be/1 ! int5se/ joy t c be kn[n is ! joy ( giv+ "o's self = ! good ( ! :ole4 ,9 ev]y?+ gr& & good 9 human ?\ght & a*ievem5t ,god is do+ j ?is4 ,x is ! satisfaction he receives f ! ,atonem5t & ! only "o4 ,,*apt] ,,xi ,,! ,,au?ority ,,( ,,scripture ,atonem5t & ,new ,te/am5t language4--,x w h be5 obs]v$ t 9 my exam9ation ( ! subject ( ! ,atonem5t ,i h said almo/ no?+ ab\t ! ,new ,te/am5t evid5ce = ! doctr9e4 ,?is1 ,i admit1 is an entire dep>ture f ! me?od usually foll[$ by ^? :o write ^u x1 & may be ?\ght by "s to vitiate my :ole argum5t4 ,b ! omission is ( set purpose1 = ,i am conv9c$ t ,new ,te/am5t language ab\t ! ,atonem5t1 especially ! language ( ,/4 ,paul1 has be51 & /ill is1 ! prolific s\rce ( mo/ ( ! mis*iev\s mis9t]pretations ( x :i* exi/ 9 ! religi\s m9d4 ,to an ext5t ?is is ! same ) ! ,old ,te/am5t1 b to a f> less degree1 = ! language ( ! ,old ,te/am5t is only liable to misappreh5sion :5 int]pret$ by ! ,new4 ,9 a previ\s *apt] ,i h endeav\r$ to %[ ! imp]i%able tru?s :i* und]lie ,old ,te/am5t symbolism 9 reg>d to ! ,atonem5t1 & ,i tru/ ,i h %[n t ^! tru?s are z fre% & indisp5sable to-day1 & play z great a "p 9 human affairs z !y ev] did4 ,b be=e ,i proce$ to say any?+ ab\t ! ,new ,te/am5t symbolism1 :i* has be5 l>gely d]iv$ f ! ,old1 let u consid] ! "q ( ! au?ority ( scripture z a :ole4 ,t5d5cy to b[ to ext]nal au?ority4--,!re is always a t5d5cy 9 ! ord9>y m9d to rely ^u "s =m ( ext]nal au?ority 9 religi\s z 9 o!r matt]s4 ,) "o man x is ! au?ority ( an infallible *ur*2 ) ano!r ! au?ority ( an infallible book2 ) ano!r ! au?ority ( "s infallible /atem5t ( belief :i* ought to hold good = all "t1 b nev] does4 ,at ! be/1 ext]nal au?ority is only a crut*1 & at ! wor/ x may become a rigid fett] ^u ! exp&+ s\l4 ,! true seat ( au?ority is )91 n )\t1 ! human s\l4 ,we are s con/itut$ z to be able to recognise1 little by little1 ! tru? ( ,god z x comes to u4 ,x may come f any "o ( a ?\s& diff]5t qu>t]s1 b to be recognis$ & felt z tru? x mu/ awak5 an e*o )9 ! individual s\l4 ,if x does n awak5 su* a response1 x is ( no effect s f> z ! gr[? ( ! s\l is conc]n$4 ,:at is true 9 ?is book w n be receiv$ z true by ! read]s m]ely because ,i say x1 b because !y feel x to be true & _c get away f x4 ,:y %\ld we be afraid ( tru/+ ! human s\l to recognise & respond to its own tru?8 ,all tru? is "o1 & all e>ne/ tru?-seek]s are conv]g+ ^u "o goal4 ,x is ! div9e self )9 ev]yone ( u :i* enables u to disc]n ! tru? be/ fitt$ to our ne$s1 & ?is div9e self is1 z has already be5 po9t$ out1 fundam5tally "o ) ! s\rce ( all tru?1 :i* is ,god4 ,if m5 c\ld only come to see ?is m cle>ly & to tru/ _! own div9e nature to enable !m to foll[ & express ! tru? z well z to receive x1 !y w\ld n suff] !mselves to be hamp]$ by =mal & lit]al /atem5ts ( belief :e!r 9 ! *ur*1 ! ,bible1 or any:]e else4 ,b ?is is :at !y seldom d4 ,y\r dev\t ,anglican or ,roman ,ca?olic w tell y t ! *ur* tea*es ?is or ! *ur* tea*es t3 z ?\gh t fact ev] p]man5tly settl$ any?+4 ,"o _c really beg9 to appreciate ! value ( unit$ cont9u\s *ur* te/imony until "o is able to /& ap>t f x1 s to speak1 & ask :e!r x r+s true to ! reason & ! moral s5se4 ,suppose ! ,*ri/ian *ur* enjo9$ or p]mitt$ rape & murd]1 w\ld ! dev\t ,ca?olic believe & obey8 ,b x is inconceivable t ! *ur* c\ld ev] d t1 he might answ]4 ,yes1 b suppose x did1 w\ld he obey8 ,if n1 :y n8 ,he w\ld n obey because he w\ld "k q well t ! high] law )9 8 he>t w\ld =bid & r5d] impossible any su* ob$i5ce4 ,t is all ! answ] ,i want4 ,:y %\ld we n apply x all ! way r\nd8 ,! real te/ ( tru? is to be f\nd 9 ! response x awak5s )9 ! s\l4 ,! suppos$ au?ority ( ! lett] a great h9drance to tru?4--,n[ "o ( ! greate/ /umbl+-blocks 9 ! way ( _m dev\t & intellig5t m9ds to-day is t ( ! suppos$ b9d+ au?ority ( ! lett] ( scripture4 ,:5 a good man he>s "s inspir+ or common-s5se /atem5t ( tru?1--= in/ance1 t ( univ]sal salvation1--he (t5 replies 9 "s su* way z ! foll[+3 ,yes1 ,i "k x seems v plausible1 & my he>t desires to believe x2 b !n1 y "k1 x says 9 ! scripture1 ',^! %all g away into ev]la/+ puni%m5t1 b ! righte\sness into life et]nal4' ,i _c get beh9d t4 ,he w g on /r++ toge!r1 passage aft] passage1 (t5 )\t ! slighte/ suspicion t ! orig9al mean+ _h no?+ :atev] to d ) ! subject "u discussion2 z1 = example1 t well-kn[n s5t5ce 9 ,ezekiel1 ,! s\l t s9ne?1 x %all die4 ,:atev] ,ezekiel orig9ally meant by t say+1--& x is well wor? exam9ation1--he 0 n ?9k+ ( a mod]n revival meet+4 ,! pla91 av]age1 level-head$ bus9ess man ( religi\s temp]am5t w sometimes bo!r himself 9 ?is way until he ?9ks ( giv+ up religion altoge!r4 ,! lett] ( scripture (t5 seems to say "o ?+ & ! ,*ri/like human he>t ano!r4 ,take1 z "o example out ( _m1 t pung5t passage 9 ,psalm cxxxvii1 ,happy %all he be t take? & da%e? ?y little ones aga9/ ! /ones4 ,t passage does n brea! ! _s ( ,jesus1 nor is x true to ! be/ 9 human nature2 no foll[] ( ,jesus wants to see a little "o da%$ aga9/ a /one4 ,b ev5 to d ju/ice to a passage ( ?is k9d we h to get into intellectual & moral sympa?y ) ! man :o wrote x4 ,x 0 writt5 by "o ( ! poor ,jewi% prison]s c>ri$ away captive into ,babylon by ,nebu*adnezz> six c5turies or m be=e ,jesus 0 born4 ,try & picture ! sc5e4 ,across eight hundr$ miles ( des]t t melan*oly procession w9ds its way1 leav+ ! highl& home beh9d & go+ into slav]y 9 ! cruel city ( ! pla94 ,"o by "o ! weake/ fall & die2 & :]e a baby is left )\t a "m1 or ! "m _c walk ) ! weight ( ! helpless *ild1 ! cruel ,babylonian ruffians rid+ at ! side w snat* x f ! angui%$ bosom & da% its bra9s out aga9/ ! rocks4 ,%\ld we be likely to =get t if we _h ev] =m$ "p ( su* a procession ( prison]s ( w>8 ,h5ce :5 ,psalm cxxxvii came to be writt5 by "s poor suff]+ fa!r :o _h lo/ maybe bo? wife & *ild1 he gave v5t to 8 feel+s 9 "o ( ! mo/ pla9tive patriotic songs ev] sung3-- ,by ! riv]s ( ,babylon1 !re we sat d[n--yea1 we wept :5 we rememb]$ ,zion4 ,we hang$ our h>ps ^u ! will[s 9 ! mid/ !re(1 = !re !y t c>ri$ u away captive requir$ ( u a song2 & !y t wa/$ u requir$ ( u mir?1 say+1 ,s+ u "o ( ! songs ( ,zion4 ,h[ %all we s+ ! ,"l's song 9 a /range l&8 ,if ,i =get !e1 ,o ,j]usalem1 let my "r h& =get h] cunn+4444 ,o daught] ( ,babylon1 :o art to be de/roy$2 happy %all he be t rew>de? !e z ?\ ha/ s]v$ u4 ,happy %all he be t take? & da%e? ?y little ones aga9/ ! /ones6 ,"o c feel deep sympa?y ) ?is unkn[n poet & 8 suff]+ p )\t adopt+ ! absurd view t ?is passage repres5ts ,god's ^w to our s\ls4 ,x is a cry ( suff]+ m+l$ ) a desire = v5geance1 & t is all4 ,b :5 a prea*] decl>es t he takes 8 /& & bases 8 gospel on ! infallible ,book1 he is ei!r a fool or--a rhetorician4 ,belief 9 ! infallible ,book impossible4--,!re are _m good p :o ma9ta9 t !y believe ! ,bible f cov] to cov]1 & !y seem to ?9k t ?is is some?+ to be pr\d (4 ,b !y cr$it !mselves ) an impossible feat2 no "o c believe contradictions1 9 ! s5se ( accept+ !m1 :e!r intellectual or moral4 ,! v same p :o w read ) unction ! mo/ sangu9>y exhortations f scripture are usually p :o !mselves w\ld n hurt a fly4 ,! ,bible is n l a p>liam5t>y blue book1 an exact & lit]al /atem5t ( facts2 x repres5ts = ! mo/ "p :at e>ne/ m5 belong+ to a p>ticul> nationality 9 a bygone age ?\ght ab\t life 9 relation to ,god4 ,_m good p talk z ?\gh ! ,bible 7 writt5 by ! f+] ( ,god ,himself & let d[n f heav52 on ! o!r h& !re are ^? :o ?9k t :5 !y h %[n ! inconsi/5cies ( scripture1 !y h de/roy$ its value4 ,b !y are bo? mi/ak54 ,! ,bible is n "o book1 b a collection ( books1 a sl[ gr[? ext5d+ ov] c5turies4 ,x has come to be rev]5c$ n because ( any sup]normal atte/ations ( its au?ority1 b because we h f\nd x helps u m ?an any o!r book4 ,! fact t ! be/ "p ( x 0 writt5 by good & s]i\s m51 m5 :o 7 liv+ = ! highe/ !y 7 able to see1 does n necess>ily give b9d+ au?ority to ! op9ions ( ^! m54 ,i "q :e!r we %\ld ev] h he>d ( ! ,old ,te/am5t if x _h n be5 = ,jesus1 & ! ,new is only a /atem5t ( :at "s good m5 ?\ght ab\t ,jesus & 8 gospel at ! beg9n+ ( ,*ri/ian hi/ory4 ,jesus knew & lov$ ! ,old ,te/am5t scriptures1 b :5ev] ,he f\nd a /atem5t !re9 t j>r$ ^u ,8 moral s5se1 ,he reject$ x 9 ! "n ( ! high] tru? decl>$ by ! ,_s ( ,tru? )9 ,8 own s\l3 ,ye h he>d t x 0 said by !m ( old "t1 ,?\ %alt n kill2 & :osoev] %all kill %all be 9 dang] ( ! judgm5t4 ,b ,i say unto y t :osoev] is angry ) 8 bro!r )\t a cause--& ev5 )\t a cause seems to h be5 int]polat$ 9 lat] days--%all be 9 dang] ( ! judgm5t4 ,aga9 ye h he>d t x ha? be5 said by !m ( old "t1 ,?\ %alt n =swe> ?yself1 b %alt p]=m unto ! ,"l ?9e oa?s4 ,b ,i say unto y1 ,swe> n at all1 nei!r by ! heav5s1 = x is ,god's ?rone1 nor by ! e>?1 = x is ,8 foot/ool4 ,let y\r communication be ,yea1 yea1 nay1 nay2 = :atsoev] is m ?an ^! come? ( evil4 ,ye ha? he>d t x ha? be5 said1 ,?\ %alt love ?9e neighb\r & hate ?9e enemy3 b ,i say unto y1 ,love y\r enemies1 bless !m t curse y1 d good to !m t hate y1 & pray = !m t despitefully use y & p]secute y4 ,jesus knew :at ,he 0 do+4 ,9 all ^! in/ances ,he 0 quot+ f ! ,old ,te/am5t1 & delib]ately sup]s$+ 9 ! "n ( tru? c]ta9 prescriptions ( ! v law :i* ,he said ,he _h come to fulfil4 ,ev]yone 0 tak5 by surprise at ,8 d>+ to d ?is4 ,mat!w vii4 #bh1 #bi1 says1 ,& x came to pass1 :5 ,jesus _h end$ ^! say+s1 t ! p 7 a/oni%$ at ,8 tea*+2 = ,he taught !m z "o hav+ 79 ,himself7 au?ority1 & n z ! scribes4 ,no d\bt "s p w\ld say to-day t ?is au?ority came f ,8 ,godhead4 ,b ! p on ! hillsides ( ,galilee knew no?+ ab\t ! ,godhead ( ,jesus4 ,to !m ,he 0 a heav5-s5t tea*]1 a great & inspir+ ma/]1 ^: words c>ri$ weight4 ,8 au?ority1 !re=e1 mu/ h be5 self-evid5t 9 contradi/9ction to t ( ! scribes1 :o always began _! disc\rses by say+1 ,x is writt54 ,!y nev] seem to h ?\ght ( appeal+ to any?+ else ?an ! au?ority ( ! lett]4 ,b we see t ,jesus1 not)/&+ ,8 rev]5ce = ! scripture1 h&l$ x ) p]fect fre$om4 ,8 au?ority 0 t ( ! ,_s ( ,god speak+ )9 ,8 own s\l1 ! only au?ority t has ev] matt]$ 9 ! hi/ory ( religi\s ?\ght4 ,he did n d5y ! au?ority ( ,scripture1 b ,he claim$ to be able to see :5 x rang true to ,8 own inn] exp]i5ce & :5 x did n4 ,! true seat ( au?ority4--,if we c\ld grasp ?is pr9ciple cle>ly & /rongly1 x w\ld give u a new & high] s5se ( fre$om & ( confid5ce 9 ! ^w ( ,god z decl>$ 9 ! ,bible & reveal$ 9 human he>ts4 ,god has nev] /opp$ speak+ to m54 ,he speaks ?r\gh u collectively & individually4 ,! ^w is v nigh unto !e1 9 ?y m\? & 9 ?9e he>t1 t ?\ maye/ d x4 ,if we are only 9 e>ne/ to li/5 = ! div9e voice & to tru/ x :5 we he> x1 we %all n li/5 9 va94 ,to realise t ,god is speak+ to u j z ,he spoke to e>ne/ s\ls 9 ! days ( old w s5d u to ! sacr$ scriptures ) an ev5 great] appreciation & rev]5ce = ! m5 ( ^: exp]i5ce !y are ! expression4 ,b !y w no long] b9d u2 !y c only help & enc\rage u4 ,we %all feel t ^! m5 ( fai? ( an e>li] day & a diff]5t race 7 our bro!rs aft] all1 m5 :o liv$ a life mu* l our own1 & :o 7 try+ to und]/& ,god z we are try+ to und]/& ,him4 ,! ,bible is n infallible = ! simple reason t ! human nature1 ev5 ( wise & great m51 is n infallible4 ,x helps u because ^! m5 7 /ruggl+ ) ! same problems z ourselves1 & !re=e :at !y h to say ab\t !m is valuable4 ,b ! be/ ( !m _h _! limitations & %ortcom+s4 ,!y did n "k all ! tru? t 0 to be kn[n1 b !y kept _! faces to ! light4 ,if we all[ ourselves to be fett]$ by _! actual words1 we %all be 9 dang] ( los+ sympa?y ) !m 9 ! _s :i* animat$ ^? words4 ,we are writ+ a ,bible ) our own lives to-day1 a ,bible :i* may nev] be read 9 its fulness by human eyes1 b e lett] ( :i* is kn[n & read 9 heav54 ,e noble life is a ^w ( ,god to ! _w2 e brave1 unselfi% de$ is a ray ( et]nal tru?4 ,our *>act]s ought to become liv+ epi/les kn[n & read ( all m5 :ile we /rive to express ! be/ t ,god has giv5 u to see2 = ! same et]nal ,_s ( ,tru?1 ! ,_s :o has be5 ! tea*] ( all ! ,elijahs1 ,isaiahs1 & ,pauls ( hi/ory is ) u to-day z ,he 0 ) !m4 ,! unity ( tru?4--,b1 someone w remon/rate1 ,:at !n are we to believe8 ,= by speak+ 9 ?is way y erect z _m /&>ds ( tru? z !re are individuals4 ,:at ! ord9>y man wants is to be told j :at to believe1 s t he c settle d[n & be at re/4 ,x is small com=t to tell him t e scripture /atem5t may be m or less fallible1 & t he mu/ tru/ to 8 own p]ception1 or p]haps to 8 own fancies1 z to :at is true4 ,i "k all t k9d ( argum5t4 ,x is z old z1 or old] ?an1 ,*ri/ianity itself4 ,x 0 us$ 9 all s9c]ity aga9/ ,jesus by "s e>ne/ p ( ,8 "t4 ,x 0 us$ aga9 at ! ,re=mation4 ,x is /ill us$ by sac]dotal controv]siali/s1 & looks v plausible on ! face ( x4 ,a dev\t & e>ne/ ,roman ,ca?olic w tell y t 9 ,prote/antism !re are a ?\s& diff]5t cre$s1 all claim+ to be au?oritative1 & t ! pr9ciple ( private judgm5t c only lead to intellectual & moral *aos4 ,y\r ,prote/ant lit]ali/ w tell y t ! ,romani/ criticism has a good deal 9 x1 & t y mu/ h a f9al /&>d ( au?ority1 ei!r ! infallible *ur*1 ! infallible ,book1 or ! infallible ,confession ( ,fai?4 ,b not)/&+ ! dogmati/s ! suppos$ infallible ,confession ( ,fai? is almo/ univ]sally discr$it$1 & common hone/y is compell+ ,prote/ants to ab&on ! !ory ( an infallible ,book4 ,! suppos$ infallible *ur* has by no means be5 inv>iably self-consi/5t4 ,besides1 ! important po9t is ?is2 no man really believes or c believe a ?+ until x becomes1 s to speak1 "p ( himself4 ,hold+ propositions is n necess>ily believ+ !m1 no matt] h[ t5aci\sly !y may be adh]$ to4 ,b all tru? is really "o & ! same4 ,i may be unable to take exactly my neighb\r's po9t ( view ab\t "s aspects ( x1 b if we are bo? 9 e>ne/ & fai?ful to :at we h se51 we %all arrive 9 ! end at ! same goal4 ,religi\s ?9k]s & tea*]s are nev] really s f> ap>t z seems to be ! case4 ,x is 9 ! expression ( ! tru? t !y diff]1 n 9 ! tru? itself4 ,language is nev] m ?an approximately conv5i5t expression ( ! reality x is meant to decl>e4 ,! man ( ! future w realise ?is bett] ?an ! man ( ! pres5t or ! pa/4 ,he w replace all ext]nal au?ority by ! pr9ciple ( spiritual autonomy4 ,he w no long] be afraid ( tru/+ ! human _s to recognise & respond to tru? f :atsoev] s\rce x may come1 = he w "k t t _s is "o ) ! univ]sal ,_s ( all ,tru?1 & ne$s n to look beyond itself = any?+ /rong] or m div9e4 ,he w "k t ! ,_s ( ,tru? 9 himself is ! ,_s ( ,tru? 9 all m51 & t !re=e 9 ! end all m5 mu/ "k1 & be1 & d ! ,tru?4 ,! ,new ,te/am5t & ! ,atonem5t4--,n[ let u apply ?is pr9ciple to ! ,new ,te/am5t writ+s ab\t ! r$eem+ "w ( ,jesus4 ,! same pr9ciple1 ( c\rse1 w\ld apply to any?+ t ! ,new ,te/am5t has to say ab\t ! gospel ( ,jesus1 b p]haps ! failure to recognise x has done m mis*ief 9 connection ) ! doctr9e ( ,atonem5t ?an 9 any?+ else4 ,at pres5t ,paul's op9ion on ?is great subject is by _m p suppos$ to be decisive3 ,paul says ?is1 & ,paul says t1 & :5 ,paul has spok51 !re is no m to be said4 ,b :y %\ld x be s8 ,paul's op9ion is simply ,paul's op9ion1 & n necess>ily a complete & adequate /atem5t ( tru?4 ,x is entitl$ to be consid]$ weighty because x is ! utt]ance ( a great man1 & a great se] ( tru?1 z well z be+ ! e>lie/ writ+ on ! subject :i* we possess4 ,any man ( ! moral & intellectual em95ce ( ,paul is entitl$ to rev]5ce :5 he speaks1 :e!r 8 views are 9 ! ,bible or n4 ,x is "o ( ! ironies ( hi/ory t ! words ( ?is ,paul :o /rove s h>d aga9/ lit]alism & legalism 9 8 day h s9ce come to be reg>d$ z a sort ( fix$ & f9al au?ority = ,*ri/ian ?\ght4 ,he w\ld be ! fir/ to d5\nce x4 ,to him ! ,_s ( ,*ri/ op]at+ )9 ! individual s\l 0 ! true guide 9 matt]s ( fai?4 ,he ev5 made a po9t ( ! fact t 9 ?9k+ out ! tru? ab\t ,jesus & ,8 gospel he _h conf]r$ n ) fle% & blood4 ,inconsi/5cy ( ,new ,te/am5t writ]s ) "o ano!r4--,aga91 x is someh[ tak5 = grant$ t ,paul & all ! o!r ,new ,te/am5t writ]s agree toge!r 9 _! !ology ( ! ,atonem5t4 ,t is q a mi/ake1 & ! curi\s ?+ is t p %\ld h be5 s sl[ 9 f9d+ x out4 ,x may be in/ructive to "s to give a brief survey ( ! ma9 po9ts 9 ,paul's !ory ( ! ,atonem5t1 & comp>e !m ) "s ( ! o!rs4 ,! fundam5tal pr9ciple ( its ,atonem5t always ! same4--,x w\ld simplify our acqua9tance ) ,paul's modes ( reason+ if we c\ld recognise t ! tru? ( ,atonem5t :i* he has to decl>e1 & :i* he associates s closely ) ! life & dea? ( ,jesus1 is 9 pr9ciple precisely ! same z t :i* ! writ]s ( ! ,old ,te/am5t _h 9 m9d4 ,:at t 0 we h already se54 ,x 0 ! ass]tion ( ! fundam5tal on5ess ( ,god & man1 & ! means to x 0 ! pr9ciple ( self-sacrifice4 ,?is is j :at ,/4 ,paul set himself to proclaim to ! _w1 & to him ! :ole process c5tr$ 9 ,jesus1 j z x does = ,*ri/ian exp]i5ce4 ,b to 8 pres5tation ( ! subject ,paul almo/ ( necessity _h to br+ ! :ole app>atus ( 8 rabb9ical tra9+4 ,?is x 0 :i* suppli$ him ) ! mo/ ( 8 figures1 symbols1 & illu/rations2 b 8 gospel 0 no m dep5d5t ^u ^! ?an--z ,i tru/ ,i h %[n 9 a previ\s *apt]--! anci5t spiritual tru? ( ,atonem5t dep5d$ ^u ,semitic ritual sacrifices4 ,paul's ?\ght-=ms 7 suppli$ by ! ,old ,te/am5t & 8 ,ph>isaic education1 j z ! =ms 9 :i* we ord9>ily express our ?\ghts to-day belong to ! m5tal atmosph]e ( our "t4 ,mo/ ( ! allusions 9 a ,times lead+ article1 = example1 w\ld be lo/ ^u an ,engli% read] five hundr$ ye>s h5ce unless !y 7 c>efully expla9$4 ,to me "o ( ! mo/ rem>kable ?+s ab\t ,jesus is ! fact t ,he 0 able to escape s completely ! m5tal environm5t ( ! "t 9 :i*1 & ! p among :om1 ,he liv$ ,8 e>?ly life4 ,h[ ,he manag$ to deliv] ,8 pe]less tea*+ :ile mak+ s little allusion to curr5t ,jewi% modes ( ?\ght & wor%ip is a my/]y1 & m>ks ,8 greatness z p]haps no?+ else does4 ,x 0 utt]ly diff]5t ) ,paul2 he spoke ! language ( 8 "t1 & nev] tri$ to d any?+ else4 ,:51 !re=e1 we want to get at :at he meant ab\t ! dea? ( ,jesus1 we h fir/ ( all to get beh9d ! symbolism by :i* he illu/rates x1 & ev5 :5 we h done ?is we h to make all[ance = "s limit+ ,ph>isaic conceptions ab\t ju/ice & ! puni%m5t ( s94 ,e n[ & !n he breaks ?r\gh ^! & rises into a r>]1 pur] region )\t tr\bl+ ab\t consi/5cy4 ,paul nev] dream$ t he 0 writ+ !ological treatises :i* w\ld be numb]$ (f into *apt]s & v]ses & lectur$ ^u 9 class rooms1 or p]haps he w\ld h be5 m c>eful ab\t be+ exact4 ,h[ _m ( u c\ld af=d to h our lett]s1 writt5 at diff]5t times & to diff]5t read]s1 analys$ & dissect$ & tak5 z a full & p]man5t /atem5t ( our ?\ght ^u any p>ticul> subject or gr\p ( subjects8 ,paul's view ( ! dea? ( ! ,savi\r & ! =giv5ess ( s9s4--,! fir/ important ?+ to be not$ 9 ,paul's ?\ght ab\t s9 & salvation is 8 view t !re 0 a vital connection betwe5 ! dea? ( ! ,messiah & ,god's =giv5ess ( s9s4 ,b we %\ld be mightily mi/ak5 if we 7 to und]/& ?is view to be ! same z t ( a mod]n evangelical :o talks ab\t ! f\nta9 fill$ ) blood1 = x 0 q diff]5t4 ,! mod]n evangelical1 ( s-call$ or?odox op9ions1 believes t ,jesus di$ to save all m5 f hell2 b ?is 0 n :at ,paul 0 ?9k+ ab\t at all4 ,accord+ to ,paul1 ! wages ( s9 7 actually & lit]ally dea?4 ,b = s9 !re w\ld h be5 no dea?1 & to break ! p[] ( s9 w\ld also be to break ! p[] ( dea?4 ,b 9 ?is ,paul 0 wrong1 9 company ) a good _m ( 8 contempor>ies1 & !re is no reason :y we %\ld n frankly say s1 =1 z we %all pres5tly see1 ! great apo/le did n conf9e himself to ! lit]al /atem5t ( ?is view1 b gave x also a my/ical =m 9 :i* x becomes indisputably true4 ,9 8 ?\ght ! ,messiah ( ,jewi% national expectation 0 ! head & repres5tative ( ! nation 9 its relation to ,god4 ,= ages m5 _h be5 dy+ because ( s9--9 ,adam all die--& s :5 ! ,s9less ,"o came into human conditions & 9 ! lik5ess ( s9ful fle%1 ,he also _h to pass ?r\gh dea?4 ,b !re 0 a diff]5ce betwe5 ,8 dea? & all o!r dea?s 9 t1 be+ s9less1 dea? c\ld n hold ,him1 & s ,he rose aga9 f ! tomb triumphant ov] x4 ,8 triumph !n becomes pot5tially ! triumph ( humanity--9 ,*ri/ %all all be made alive--if only we unite ourselves to ,him by fai?4 ,god w remit ! dea? p5alty to all :o are 9 ,*ri/ & ju/ifi$ by fai?2 t is1 we %all all rise f ! dead z ,he rose4 ,app>5tly ,paul's belief 0 t no "o w\ld ev] h di$ b = ! s9 ( ,adam1 a ta9t :i* has affect$ all ,adam's desc5dants4 ,dea? 9 8 view 0 synonym\s ) annihilation4 ,! next ?+ to be notic$ is ! juridical nature ( ,paul's conception ( ! relation%ip ( man & ,god4 ,god is a lawgiv] & man a transgressor1 a rebel aga9/ 8 sov]eignty4 ,9 accordance ) ,god's law ( righte\sness s9 is puni%able by ! dea? ( ! :ole race4 ,! wra? ( ,god is reveal$ f heav5 aga9/ all ungodl9ess & unrighte\sness ( m54 ,b :5 ! et]nal ,son ( ,god1 ! head & repres5tative ( ! race1 submits to ?is p5alty & 9 s do+ ackn[l$ges ! righte\sness ( ,god1 ju/ice is satisfi$4 ,if "o di$ = all1 !re=e all di$4 ,^? :o claim by fai? ! b5efits ( ,messiah's submission to dea? on behalf ( ! race are at peace ) ,god4 ,h5ce=? !y are n to live to !mselves1 b unto ,him :o di$ = !m & rose aga94 ,anyone :o reads ,paul's words )\t dogmatic prejudice w see t ?is is n ! pres5t-day doctr9e ( ,atonem5t4 ,x takes = grant$ c]ta9 ideas :i* 7 curr5t among ! ,jews ( ,paul's day1 b :i* h s9ce sunk into ! backgr\nd ( ,*ri/ian ?\ght or be5 ab&on$ altoge!r4 ,paul's use ( !m 9 ! fram+ ( 8 !ology is +5i\s b n conv9c+1 & 0 n ess5tial to 8 gospel2 9 fact ! juridical & ! e?ical elem5ts 9 ,paul's tea*+ /& 9 irreconcilable contra/4 ,8 !ology is sav$ by 8 my/icism1 = no soon] has he enunciat$ ^! unbelievable propositions ab\t ! dea? p5alty ( s91 ! judicial sov]eignty ( ,god1 ju/ification by fai?1 ! imput$ m]its ( ! ,r$eem]1 & su* l1 ?an he proce$s to use !m z symbols to illu/rate a subjective *ange 9 ! s9n] & a my/ical union betwe5 ! s\l & ,*ri/4 ,he does ?is s beautifully t ! read] c h>dly disc]n :]e ,paul quits ! region ( lit]alism & takes u into t ( my/icism4 ,h5ce he talks ab\t dy+ ) ,*ri/1 be+ crucifi$ ) ,*ri/1 dy+ to s91 & s on1 evid5tly mean+ t ! :ole r$eem+ process has to take place )9 ! s\l ( ! s9n] :o seeks ,god4 ,ev5 ! conception ( ! resurrection ceases to be lit]al & becomes ! upris+ ( ! div9e man )9 ! human s\l by fai? 9 ! ris5 ,"l4 ,if any man be 9 ,*ri/ !re is a new creation2 old ?+s are pass$ away2 behold all ?+s are become new4 ,!re is !re=e n[ no condemnation to !m :i* are 9 ,*ri/ ,jesus1 :o walk n aft] ! fle% b aft] ! ,_s4 ,we see f ^! expressions t 9 practice ,paul transf]s ! :ole drama ( r$emption f )\t to )9 ! individual s\l4 ,:at a pity x is t 8 int]pret]s 9 ,*ri/ian hi/ory h s seldom ?\ght ( do+ ! same6 ,! ,hebrews !ory4--,! epi/le to ! ,hebrews belongs to q a diff]5t category f ! writ+s ( ,/4 ,paul4 ,! dom9ant ?\ght 9 ?is epi/le is t ( salvation by sacrifice1 a p]fectly true & spiritual idea1 z we h already se54 ,! writ]1 l ,paul1 employs ,old ,te/am5t symbolism1 b 9 q a diff]5t way4 ,probably ?is is due to ! fact t he 0 an ,alex&rian ,jew ^: ?9k+ 0 %ap$ "u ! influ5ce ( ,philo1 :]eas t ( ,paul 0 gov]n$ by ! rabb9ical s*ools ( ,pale/9ian ,judaism4 ,at ?is "t ,alex&ria 0 ! greate/ intellectual c5tre 9 ! _w1 a meet+ place = ,greek ?\ght & ,hebrew religion z repres5t$ by ,philo4 ,! influ5ce ( ,alex&ria is pla9ly to be se5 9 ! epi/le to ! ,hebrews1 :i*1 possibly1 0 writt5 by ! le>n$ & c\rtly ,apollos4 ,l ,paul1 ! writ] ?9ks ( salvation z gett+ "r ) ,god & liv+ a holy life1 b he omits all ref]5ce to a judicial p5alty1 or ! necessity = escap+ annihilation by fai? 9 ! sub/itution>y "w ( a s9less ,r$eem]4 ,9 8 view ,*ri/ is f fir/ to la/ ! prie/ly repres5tative ( ! race1 mak+ a sacrifice to ,god aft] ! ,old ,te/am5t fa%ion1 b 9 a m p]fect way4 ,he reg>ds ! ,old ,te/am5t sacrificial (f]+s z be+ b ! types & %ad[s ( ! "o p]fect & et]nal (f]+ :i* humanity ?r\gh ,*ri/ is mak+ to ,god4 ,mo/ ( my read]s w at once admit t ?is is n fanciful1 al?\gh ! language 9 :i* x is express$ is s diff]5t f our own2 x is q fai?ful to ! spiritual mean+ ( ,old ,te/am5t sacrifice4 ,:51 !re=e1 ?is writ] ref]s to ! (f]+ ( ! blood ( ,*ri/1 he is ?9k+ n only ( ,calv>y1 b ( all t ,calv>y symbolises1 ! p]fect spiritual (f]+ ( mank9d to ,god1 ! sacram5tal realisation ( our on5ess ) ,him4 ,?is view is n work$ out ) ! moral int5sity :i* *>act]ises ,/4 ,paul's1 b x is unassailably true once we get ! writ]'s po9t ( view4 ,z a !ory x is q diff]5t f ,paul's1 unless we are cont5t to %$ ,paul's lit]alism1 get rid ( all ?\ght ( an angry ,god & a physical dea? p5alty = s91 & betake ourselves in/ead to ! inn] spiritual region :]e self-sacrifice is realis$ to be ! means ( sav+1 n only ! individual1 b ! :ole race1 by unit+ x to ! s\rce ( all be+4 ,! ,johann9e !ory4--,!re is a c]ta9 simil>ity betwe5 ! view ( ,atonem5t set =? 9 ! epi/le to ! ,hebrews & t conta9$ 9 ! ,johann9e writ+s4 ,x is easy to und]/& :y ?is is s :5 we recognise t bo? are dom9at$ by ,alex&rian modes ( ?9k+4 ,^! ,johann9e writ+s--! f\r? gospel1 ! ?ree epi/les ascrib$ to ,/4 ,john1 & ! book ( ,revelation--are all t h come d[n to u ( :at 0 at "o "t1 no d\bt1 a consid]able lit]ature4 ,h[ mu* ! apo/le ,john _h to d ) x _c be det]m9$ ) any c]ta9ty1 b x is cle> en\gh t ^! writ+s are n all f "o h&1 & t !y are mu* lat] ?an ! "w ( ,/4 ,paul4 ,! all-important conception 9 ! ,johann9e writ+s is t salvation is secur$ by ! union ( ! individual s\l ) ! et]nal ,*ri/1 or ,logos1 or ,div9e ,man ( pre-,*ri/ian ?\ght & exp]i5ce4 ,"h aga9 we h a p]fectly true & necess>y idea1 an idea impli$ 9 all spiritual exp]i5ce wor?y ( ! "n2 b z ! root factor 9 a pres5tation ( ! doctr9e ( ,atonem5t1 x diff]s widely f ,paul's way ( putt+ ?+s4 ,:5 ! ,johann9e writ]s speak ( ! blood ( ,*ri/1 !y mean ! outp\r$1 =?giv5 life ( ! et]nal ,son ( ,god1 ! ideal humanity1 p]fectly & c5trally express$ 9 ,jesus ( ,naz>e?4 ,!re is n f beg9n+ to end a h9t or a sugge/ion 9 ^! writ+s t a s9less be+ 0 tortur$ 9 ord] to appease ! wra? ( ,god aga9/ guilty ones1 or t ! p5alty ( s9 9 a _w to come w be remitt$ to a p5it5t s9n] 9 consid]ation ( 8 fai? 9 su* an arrangem5t4 ,und]ly+ unity4--,?is is by no means an exhau/ive exam9ation ( ,new ,te/am5t tea*+ on ! subject ( ,atonem5t1 b x %\ld be suffici5t to %[ two ?+s3 fir/1 t ! !ories ( ! ,new ,te/am5t writ]s conc]n+ ! r$eem+ works ( ,*ri/ are n1 tak5 lit]ally1 mutually consi/5t2 secondly1 ! tru? impli$ 9 all ! !ories is precisely t tru? ( ,atonem5t :i* we h already se5 to be impli$ 9 all religion4 ,! great ?+ :i* impress$ ! primitive ,*ri/ian consci\sness 9 reg>d to ! life & dea? ( ,jesus 0 t ?is life & dea? 7 ! mo/ complete & consi/5t self-(f]+ ( ! individual to ! :ole t _h ev] be5 made4 ,9 ?is self-(f]+ 0 ! "o p]fect manife/ation ( ! et]nal ,*ri/1 ! humanity :i* reveals ! inn]mo/ ( ,god1 ! humanity :i* is love4 ,to p>take ( ! b5efits ( t ,atonem5t we h to unite ourselves to x2 t is1 to employ ! my/ical language ( ,/4 ,paul1 we h to die to self ) ,*ri/ & rise ) ,him into ! exp]i5ce ( l>g]1 full] life1 ! life et]nal4 ,x is j ! same tru? "u e "o ( ^! diff]5t !ories1 b if we p]si/ 9 reg>d+ !m lit]ally we %all miss x1 = by no k9d ( +5uity c we squ>e ! !ory ( ,/4 ,paul ) t ( ! o!r writ]s2 ! way ( putt+ x is diff]5t4 ,b once we see :at ! ess5tial tru? ( ,atonem5t is1 we are no long] b\nd by ! intellectual symbolism ( ,paul or ,hebrews or any o!r au?ority2 we c get b5ea? ! symbol to ! ?+ symbolis$4 ,! ,paul9e pr9ciple ( dy+ ) ,*ri/1 ! ,hebrews idea ( ! et]nal sacrifice manife/$ 9 "t1 ! ,johann9e ?\ght ab\t ! outp\r$ life ( ! et]nal ,*ri/1 are all "o & ! same4 ,jesus did no?+ = u :i* we are n also call$ ^u to d = ourselves & "o ano!r 9 our degree4 ,fai? 9 ,8 aton+ "w means dea? to self t we may live to ,god2 z selfhood p]i%es on its ,calv>y1 ! ,*ri/1 ! true man1 ! div9e reality1 9 :om we are "o ) all m51 rises 9 p[] 9 our he>ts & unites u to ! s\rce ( all goodness & joy4 ,in/itutional1 =5sic1 ext]nal1 ! ,atonem5t nev] has be5 & nev] w be4 ,b vic>i\s suff]+1 will+ly accept$1 is ! great r$eem+ =ce by :i* ! _w is gradually be+ won to its true life 9 ,god1 = vic>i\s suff]+ is ! expression ( ! law t 9 a f9ite _w ! s]vice ( ! :ole involves pa91 al?\gh x is also ! deepe/ joy t ! human he>t c "k4 ,! sacrifice ( ,jesus is ! c5tral & ideal expression ( ?is pr9ciple on ! field ( "t1 b x only possesses mean+ & value z x is repeat$ 9 our lives2 ! ,*ri/ has to be (f]$ p]petually on ! alt> ( human he>ts4 ,!re is no ju/ification except by becom+ j1 & no imput$ righte\sness :i* means avail+ ourselves ( m]its t are n ours4 ,we are ju/ifi$ by fai?1 inde$1 b only 9 ! s5se t no man c become good )\t believ+ 9 goodness1 & no man c really believe 9 ! ,*ri/ reveal$ 9 ,jesus )\t gradually becom+ l ,him4 ,"h is ,atonem5t1 ,ju/ification1 ,sanctification1 & all else t is ne$$ to unite mank9d to ! life et]nal :i* is to "k ,god & ,jesus ,*ri/ :om ,he has s5t4 ,no ,old ,te/am5t prophecy ( ,atonem5t ( ,jesus4--,x c h>dly be necess>y to po9t out t !re is !re=e no direct ref]5ce 9 ! ,old ,te/am5t to ! aton+ "w ( ,jesus4 ,all ! beautiful passages ) :i* we are s famili>1 & :i* h become ! language ( devotion 9 ref]5ce to su* sacr$ seasons z ,*ri/mas ,day & ,good ,friday1 c only be associat$ ) ,jesus 9 an ideal s5se4 ,! noble fifty-?ird ( ,isaiah1 = example1 & all simil> passages ab\t ! prophetic conception ( ! suff]+ s]vant ( ,god1 h1 lit]ally und]/ood1 no?+ :atev] to d ) ,jesus4 ,b ! /rik+ ?+ ab\t su* passages is t ! m5 :o wrote !m 7 able to realise & express ! v ess5ce ( ! spiritual ,atonem5t1 ! giv+ ( ! individual = ! race4 ,! pa!tic & inspir+ description1 ,he 0 despis$ & reject$ ( m51 a man ( sorr[s & acqua9t$ ) grief1 & we hid z x 7 our faces f him1 he 0 despis$ & we e/eem$ him n4 ,surely he has borne our griefs1 & c>ri$ our sorr[s3 yet we did e/eem him /rick51 smitt5 ( ,god1 & afflict$4 ,b he 0 w\nd$ = our transgressions1 he 0 bruis$ = our iniquities3 ! *a/isem5t ( our peace 0 ^u him2 & ) 8 /ripes we are heal$1 is p]haps ! gr&e/ pres5tation ( ! aton+ life1 ! ,*ri/ man1 t exi/s 9 lit]ature4 ,! ideal fulfilm5t ( x 0 ,jesus1 z primitive ,*ri/ianity quickly saw2 b _h ! orig9al writ] no specific example 9 m9d belong+ to 8 own day :5 he wrote8 ,to be sure he _h2 ! case ( ,j]emiah w\ld furni% x if no o!r4 ,?is brave & fai?ful advocate ( ! moral ideal1 aft] /&+ alone 9 8 resi/ance to ! mat]ialis+ t5d5cies ( 8 "t1 0 scorn$ & hat$ by 8 fell[-c\ntrym51 flung into prison1 beat51 tortur$1 & probably murd]$ 9 ! end4 ,he %>$ ! captivity ( ! ,jews "u ,nebu*adnezz>1 a captivity aga9/ :i* he _h w>n$ !m 9 va94 ,despis$ & reject$ ( m51 he di$1 b 9 lat] days 8 "n came to be rev]5c$ z p]haps none _h ev] be5 be=e4 ,= c5turies aft]w>ds he 0 ref]r$ to by ! return$ exiles z ! prophet1 9 contradi/9ction to all o!r prophets4 ,he _h liv$ ! aton+ life & di$ a sacrificial dea?4 ,x 0 n wond]ful t ! au?or ( ! fifty-?ird ( ,isaiah %\ld h su* a noble example 9 m9d :5 he p5n$ 8 dea?less words1 b ^! words 7 meant to h an imp]sonal mean+ too4 ,!y /& z a description ( ! ideal manhood1 ! true s]vant ( ,god1 ! savi\r ( ! race 9 any & e g5]ation4 ,?is k9d ( manhood1 j because x is ! true manhood1 ! et]nal or div9e manhood1 mu/ inevitably suff] 9 a selfi% _w1 b ^! suff]+s are nev] 9 va92 !y are ! ,calv>y f :i* ! et]nal ,*ri/ rises 9 r$eem+ might ov] ! p[] ( s9 & dea?4 ,let any man ask himself :at x is t is sav+ ! _w to-day1 & gradually b surely lift+ x out ( ! mire ( ignorance & wick$ness1 & he _c f9d a bett] answ] ?an ! fifty-?ird ( ,isaiah4 ,x tells ( ,jesus1 b x tells also ( all ! sons ( ,god :o 9 ! _s ( ,jesus h ev] giv5 _! lives 9 ! s]vice ( love4 ,:5 we g to ! ,bible 9 ?is common-s5se way1 ent]+ ) und]/&+ & sympa?y into ! ?\ghts & aspirations ( ! m5 :o wrote x1 x becomes a liv+ book1 & a real help 9 our endeav\r to live our lives 9 union ) ,jesus ,*ri/4 ,b to reg>d x z a sort ( (ficial docum5t writt5 by ! f+] ( ,god1 ( equal au?ority 9 e "p1 & conta9+ a full & complete /atem5t ( ! propositions we mu/ accept 9 ord] to make sure ( salvation1 is hamp]+ & belittl+ to ! s\l4 ,god inspires m51 n books2 & ,he w g on inspir+ m5 to ! end ( "t1 :e!r !y write books or n4 ,i d n "k any?+ :i* is su* a s]i\s h9drance & /umbl+-block to spiritual religion to-day z ?is suppos$ au?ority ( ! lett] ( scripture4 ,if only ! av]age ,prote/ant c\ld emancipate himself f ?is intellectual bondage1 ! ga9 to tru? w\ld be immeasurable4 ,i d n suppose !re is a s+le man :o reads ^! words :o w\ld make light ( ! religi\s op9ions ( a pi\s "m1 b w\ld he all[ !m to fett] him 9 ! ex]cise ( 8 own mature judgm5t8 ,b surely y\r own "m /&s z ne> to y z m5 :o wrote c5turies be=e %e 0 born4 ,if ,god spoke to ! he>ts ( m5 c5turies ago1 ,he c & does speak to !m n[4 ,if ,he spoke to ,isaiah1 ,he c & does speak to y4 ,if y\r "m's way ( /at+ tru? is n necess>ily y\rs1 no m is ,paul's4 ,! deep] unity ( ! _s =bids ?is bl9d ob$i5ce to ! lett]4 ,!re=e1 kn[+ q well :at use ho/ile review]s w make ( ?is s5t5ce1 ,i close by solemnly add+3 ,nev] m9d :at ! ,bible says if y are 9 se>* = tru?1 b tru/ ! voice ( ,god )9 y4 ,! ,bible w help y 9 y\r que/1 j z any good man might be able to help y2 b y mu/ judge1 te/1 & weigh ! v>i\s /atem5ts x conta9s1 j z y w\ld judge1 te/1 & weigh ! op9ions ( ! be/ fri5d y ev] _h4 ,no?+ c make up = ?is quiet & assur$ confid5ce 9 ! ,_s ( ,tru? )9 y\r own s\l4 ,if ,god is n !re1 y w n f9d ,him 9 ! ,bible or any:]e else4 ,,*apt] ,,xii ,,salvation1 ,,judgm5t1 ,,& ,,! ,,life ,,to ,,come ,! inw>dness ( ,salvation & ,judgm5t4--,we come n[ to ! consid]ation ( a gr\p ( subjects :i* are usually treat$ 9 q sep>ate categories4 ,i mean ! puni%m5t ( s91 ! nature & scope ( ,salvation1 ,resurrection & ,asc5sion1 ,dea?1 ,judgm5t1 ,heav5 & ,hell4 ,! reason :y ,i feel t ^! subjects ought n to be treat$ 9 sep>ate categories is because !y are all descriptions ( /ates ( ! s\l & imply ea* o!r2 !y are inw>d1 n outw>d1 exp]i5ces4 ,?is /atem5t w1 ,i tru/1 become cle>] z we proce$4 ,s f> we h exam9$ pretty ?or\ghly ! nature ( s9 & its effects 9 ! _w1 b h said v little z to its p5al consequ5ces1 & yet ! consid]ation ( ^! consequ5ces has be5 ! det]m9+ factor 9 mo/ ( ! !ories ( ,atonem5t1 anci5t or mod]n1 :i* h occupi$ ! field ( human ?\ght4 ,x is true1 z ,i h said1 t ! idea ( ,atonem5t is n necess>ily associat$ ) t ( s91 & actually prec$es x bo? hi/orically & psy*ologically1 b x _c be ga9said t 9 ,*ri/ian ?\ght ! desirability ( f9d+ "s means ( escap+ or m9imis+ ! puni%m5t ( s9 has t5d$ to ov]%ad[ ev]y?+ else 9 popul> pres5tations ( ! ,atonem5t4 ,b :at is ! puni%m5t ( s91 & :o adm9i/]s x8 ,:at is ! ,judgm5t & :5 does x take effect8 ,h[ does ,salvation /& relat$ to puni%m5t & judgm5t8 ,:at has ,dea? to d ) ! matt]8 ,:at are we to und]/& by ,heav5 & ,hell1 & :at is ! be>+ ( ei!r ^u ,salvation & ,judgm5t8 ,ev]yone kn[s h[ popul> evangelical !ology w\ld answ] ^! que/ions4 ,s91 we are told1 w be puni%$ 9 a future life by ! committal ( ! imp5it5t s\l to ev]la/+ torm5t4 ,salvation is prim>ily a means ( escap+ ?is1 & second>ily be+ con=m$ gradually to ! moral lik5ess ( ! ,savi\r4 ,judgm5t is a gr& assize1 :i* w take place :5 ! mat]ial _w comes to an end2 ,jesus ,*ri/ w be ! ,judge1 & w apportion ev]la/+ weal or woe1 accord+ z ! s\l has or has n claim$ ! b5efit ( ,8 r$eem+ "w 9 "t to pr(it by x4 ,dea? is ! divid+ l9e beyond :i* ! de/9y is fix$ et]nally :e!r we die old or "y4 ,heav5 is ! place into :i* ! r$eem$ ent]--:e!r aft] dea? or aft] judgm5t has nev] be5 cle>ly settl$--!re to praise ,god et]nally 9 p]fect happ9ess2 ,hell is ! place ( nev] end+ torm5t to :i* unbeliev]s are to be consign$4 ,n[ x does n require a v pr(\nd intellig5ce to see t popul> !ology is a mass ( contradictions 9 reg>d to ^! ?+s4 ,by et]nal ! ord9>y ,*ri/ian usually means ev]la/+2 :y %\ld puni%m5t be ev]la/+8 ,! wor/ s9 t 0 ev] s9n$ does n des]ve ev]la/+ puni%m5t1 & ,i h nev] yet met ! ,*ri/ian :o w\ld really & truly be will+ to see a fell[-creature und]go x4 ,!re is no und]/&able s5se 9 :i* ju/ice c\ld dem& su* a t]rible s5t5ce1 ev5 if x involv$ no m ?an ev]la/+ unhapp9ess2 h[ mu* m un?9kable x becomes if ! puni%m5t is to be ev]la/+1 fi5di% torm5t6 ,if ,salvation is fir/ & =emo/ deliv]ance f ?is puni%m5t1 h[ is x t x does n take effect imm$iately8 ,ju/ice w\ld sugge/ t x ought to d s1 = "s s9n]s live a m]ry life until ! elev5? h\r1 & !n give ,god ! la/ snuff ( ! c&le z ,fa!r ,taylor put x1 :]eas o!rs rep5t e>ly b nev] manage1 all ?r\gh a long life1 to escape ! suff]+ caus$ by _! own de$s 9 y\?4 ,9 "s cases1 at any rate1 on ?is side ( ! grave1 ,salvation does n involve ! lea/ remission ( p5alty1 :ile 9 o!rs app>5tly no p5alty w ev] be endur$ ei!r on ?is side ( dea? or on ! o!r4 ,! poor drunk>d :o rep5ts does n f9d t rep5tance gives him back 8 wreck$ con/itution1 b ! selfi%1 grasp+1 cruel-he>t$ wreck] ( homes & lives may j be 9 "t ) 8 tru/ 9 ! f9i%$ "w1 & g "r home to glory :ile 8 victims /ruggle & suff] on amid ! conditions he has made = !m on e>?4 ,curi\s ju/ice ?is6 ,*ri/ian ?\ght nev] q consi/5t ab\t ,dea? & aft]4--,!re is no ne$ to lab\r ! po9t2 popul> evangelical views ( ! puni%m5t ( s9 are incr$ible :5 look$ at 9 a common-s5se way4 ,b !y are ev5 m *aotic on ! subject ( dea? & :atev] foll[s dea?4 ,x does n seem to be g5]ally recognis$ t ,*ri/ian ?\ght has nev] be5 really cle> conc]n+ ! ,resurrection1 especially 9 relation to future judgm5t4 ,"o view has be5 t ! deceas$ sa9t lies sleep+ 9 ! grave until ! ar*angel's trump %all s\nd & bid all mank9d awake = ! great assize4 ,anyone :o reads ! ,new ,te/am5t )\t prejudice w see t ?is 0 ,paul's e>li] view1 al?\gh lat] on he *ang$ x = ano!r4 ,!re is a good deal ( our curr5t1 ev]yday religi\s phraseology :i* presumes x /ill-- ,fa!r1 9 ?y graci\s keep+ ,leave we n[ ?y s]vant sleep+4 ,b alongside ?is view ano!r :i* is a flagrant contradiction ( x has come d[n to u1 namely1 t imm$iately aft] dea? ! s\l goes /raight to heav5 or hell1 z ! case may be1 )\t wait+ = ! ar*angel's trump & ! gr& assize4 ,on ! :ole ?is is ! dom9ant !ory ( ! situation 9 ,prote/ant circles1 & is mu* less reasonable ?an ! ,ca?olic doctr9e ( purgatory1 h[ev] mu* ! latt] may h be5 abus$4 ,b "u ?is view :at is ! exact significance ( ! ,judgm5t ,day & ! physical ,resurrection8 ,"o w\ld ?9k !y might be acc\nt$ sup]flu\s4 ,:at is ! good ( torm5t+ a s\l 9 hell = ages & !n :irl+ x back to ! body 9 ord] to rise aga9 & receive a solemn public condemnation8 ,bett] leave x 9 ! ,inf]no & save tr\ble1 especially z ! solemn trial is mean+less1 see+ t a "p ( ! s5t5ce has already be5 und]gone1 & t !re is no hope t any portion ( x w ev] be remitt$4 ,truly ! t5d] m]cies ) :i* !ologians h cr$it$ ! ,almighty are cruel inde$6 ,x is difficult to speak ) pati5ce ( ! solemn1 non-committal way 9 :i* _m pres5t-day !ological writ]s discuss ev]la/+ puni%m5t4 ,_m ( !m h an op5 m9d on ! subject1 :atev] t may be1 & w>n ! re/ ( u n to dogmatise on ! great my/]y4 ,x does n seem to occur to !m t ! ,*ri/ian fundam5tal ( ! love ( ,god r5d]s ! dogma ( ev]la/+ puni%m5t impossible1 = x implies t ,god w d ! mo/ = ! be+ t ne$s ! mo/1 & surely t mu/ be ! mo/ unhappy s9n]4 ,o!rs speak ( a l>g] hope1 a second opportunity = accept+ div9e grace1 & s on4 ,b ^! !ories d n meet ! case at all4 ,:ile s9 rema9s 9 ! univ]se1 ,god is defeat$2 ev]la/+ puni%m5t involves ,8 ev]la/+ failure4 ,h[ (t5 we be> prea*]s speak+ ab\t ! obdurate human w1 :i* to all et]nity may g on resi/+ good4 ,!re are n a few :o def5d ! ab/ract possibility ( ev]la/+ puni%m5t by insi/+ t x is impossible to co]ce ! w1 & !re=e t to endless ages a s\l may g on *oos+ evil & reject+ good4 ,b ?is is an entirely new argum5t2 x implies t a s9n] might *oose ! good on ! o!r side ( dea?1 & t if he does n he cont9ues et]nally to pass s5t5ce ^u himself1 ,god be+ helpless 9 ! matt]4 ,?is is n ! way 9 :i* advocates ( ev]la/+ puni%m5t us$ to talk4 ,x is a little m hopeful ?an ! conv5tional dogma1 = x makes ! s9n] to "s ext5t 8 own judge & execution]1 & places /ress on ! und\bt$ tru? t if a man keeps on do+ wrong ?+s he becomes h>d5$4 ,i h he>d ?is view def5d$ 9 private by a bi%op1 :o app>5tly nev] saw t 9 adopt+ x he _h giv5 up entirely ! or?odox ,prote/ant view t !re is no *ance = a man aft] dea?1 & t ! ?+ :i* det]m9es our po/-mortem de/9y is n our conduct1 b our belief4 ,rep5tance at ! elev5? h\r1 h[ev] bad ! previ\s life may h be51 is1 accord+ to ! !ology ( ?is p>ticul> bi%op1 en\gh to secure admission to heav54 ,if1 !re=e1 a p[] ( et]nally *oos+ evil rema9s on ! fur!r side ( ! great *ange1 surely !re is "s hope t t p[] might n cont9ue to be ex]cis$4 ,b if n1 :at becomes ( ! :ole fabric ( popul> ,prote/ant !ology conc]n+ ! plan ( salvation1 ! ,judgm5t ,day1 & ! aton+ m]its ( ! ,r$eem]8 ,no1 ?is k9d ( incoh]5t !ologis+ w n d4 ,no "o really believes x1 & ! *ur*es w h to give up pr(ess+ to believe x4 ,9 our ord9>y ev]yday conc]ns we take q a diff]5t view = grant$ all ! "t1 ! view t ,:atsoev] a man s[e? t %all he also reap4 ,! h>ve/ may be long 9 com+1 b x comes at la/4 ,nei!r d we *oose our fri5ds on acc\nt ( _! *ances ( heav5 or hell4 ,we l or dislike a man because he des]ves to be lik$ or dislik$1 & n because he believes some?+ t w get him into heav54 ,nei!r1 ?ank ,god1 d we want to see ev5 ! wick$ left to ! consequ5ces ( _! wick$ness2 we want to see !m help$ to live diff]5tly1 & x is h>dly probable t ?is impulse ( our bett] humanity w *ange aft] dea?4 ,love _c be false to itself2 9 ! pres5ce ( ne$ x mu/ ( necessity keep on giv+ itself until ! ne$ is satisfi$ & ! victory won4 ,b if popul> !ology conc]n+ ! la/ ?+s is untrue1 or at lea/ mislead+ & inadequate1 :at is ! tru?8 ,d we want a diff]5t set ( t]ms or n8 ,i ?9k n1 b we want a diff]5t p]spective4 ,^! t]ms ought to be con/ru$ z /ates ( ! s\l1 r ?an z ext]nal conditions4 ,let me try to expla9 :at ,i mean4 ,! true ,salvation4--,9 ! fir/ place if s9 is selfi%ness1 salvation mu/ consi/ 9 ceas+ to be selfi%1 t is1 x repres5ts ! victory ( love 9 ! human he>t4 ,?is may be repres5t$ z ! upris+ ( ! deep] self1 ! true man1 ! ,*ri/ man 9 ! exp]i5ce ( ! p5it5t4 ,we may ev5 g s f> z to say t ?is c come ab\t1 & does come ab\t1 )\t any /rongly m>k$ feel+s ( contrition or sudd5 *ange ( attitude4 ,:]ev] y see a man try+ to d some?+ = ! common good1 y see ! upris+ ( ! _s ( ,*ri/2 :at he is do+ is a "p ( ! ,atonem5t4 ,9 *ur* or out ( *ur*1 ) or )\t a =mal cre$1 ?is is ! true way 9 :i* ! r$emption ( ! _w is proce$+4 ,e man :o is try+ to live s z to make 8 life a bless+ to ! _w is be+ sav$ himself 9 ! process1 sav$ by becom+ a savi\r4 ,ord9>y obs]vation ought to tell u t untold ?\s&s ( our fell[-be+s1 ev5 among ^? :o nev] dream ( go+ to *ur*1 are be+ sav$ 9 ?is way4 ,?is is ! true way to look at ! matt]4 ,! ,*ri/1 ! true ,*ri/ :o 0 & is ,jesus1 b :o is also ! deep] self ( e human be+1 is sav+ individuals by fill+ !m ) ! unselfi% desire to save ! race4 ,x is ?is unselfi% desire to m9i/] to ! common good :i* is ! true salvation4 ,i d n m9d :at "n is giv5 to x s long z x is recognis$ = :at x really is2 !re is no /opp+-place betwe5 s9n] & savi\r4 ,?is is ! way 9 :i* m5 l ,rob]t ,blat*=d ( ! ,cl>ion are be+ sav$ :ile try+ to save4 ,conceive h[ diff]5tly su* a man might h liv$ 8 life4 ,he might h liv$ x s z to be ( no use to anyone1 or inde$ 9 su* a way z to be a h9drance r ?an a help to poor ov]burd5$ humanity4 ,x matt]s comp>atively little t ?is man %\ld ?9k he is de/roy+ sup]naturalism & sc(fs at ! possibility ( a future life4 ,8 moral e>ne/ness is a m>k ( 8 ,*ri/hood & 8 "w a "p ( ! ,atonem5t4 ,n ano!r ,*ri/ ?an ,jesus1 m9d6 ,! v same4 ,mr4 ,blat*=d may laugh at ?is & call 8 moral aspirations by q a diff]5t "n4 ,well1 let him2 b ,i "k ! ?+ :5 ,i see x4 ,?is is ,salvation4 ,conv]sion4--,b 9 ! hi/ory ( mank9d ! *ange f selfi%ness to love1 f d>kness to light1 f dea? to life1 has (t5 meant some?+ mu* m pron\nc$ ?an ?is4 ,a man may h be5 liv+ a bad life1 & become sudd5ly impress$ by "s appeal to 8 bett] nature made 9 ! "n ( ,god4 ,he may h felt humiliat$ & di/ress$ by 8 new-f\nd consci\sness ( s94 ,he may h pray$ e>ne/ly = =giv5ess1 & felt t =giv5ess has come & t ! peace ( ,god has ent]$ into & possess$ 8 s\l4 ,he has delib]ately & solemnly consecrat$ 8 life to ,jesus & feels t h5ce=? he is1 z x 71 9 a new _w4 ,?is *ange is rightly t]m$ conv]sion1 a turn+ r\nd & go+ "r4 ,su* a man may be able to say ) ,/4 ,paul1 ,to me to live is ,*ri/1 & ! words w\ld be lit]ally & gr&ly true4 ,aft] ?is he may g on believ+ all k9ds ( ?+s ab\t v]bal inspiration1 ! preci\s blood1 ! fate ( ! imp5it5t1 & ,i "k n :at else1 b ! quality ( ! new life is always ! same2 x is dom9at$ by ! _s ( love in/ead ( ! _s ( selfi%ness2 x is h>mony ) ,god4 ,(t5 ?is *ange is v complete & beautiful1 b 9 e case x involves a long & sl[ asc5t to ! /ature ( ! p]fect man 9 ,*ri/ ,jesus4 ,x is no delusion1 ei!r1 t 9 ! endeav\r to live ! new life div9e help is =?com+4 ,! ,holy ,_s ( tru? & love is ev] pres5t ) a *ild ( ,god to guide him to high] & ev] high] heights ( spiritual atta9m5t4 ,)\t ?is bless$ religi\s exp]i5ce1 ! exp]i5ce ( ^? :o are call$ to be sa9ts1 ?is _w w\ld be a poor place to live 94 ,i may p]haps be p>don$ = add+ t 9 my judgm5t ev5 ! e>ne/ r$emptive endeav\rs ( m5 l ! editor ( ! ,cl>ion h indirectly be5 made possible by x4 ,take out ( ! _w :at ,*ri/ian sa9ts h ow$ to _! fell[%ip ) ,jesus1 & !re w\ld be v little ( hope & inspiration left4 ,/ill1 :at ,i want to emphasise "h is ! fact t1 h[ev] crude ! v>i\s !ologies may h be5 9 :i* ?is exp]i5ce has clo!d itself1 x is always ! same2 x repres5ts ! victory ( love 9 ! human he>t4 ,salvation & p5alty4--,b does ?is k9d ( salvation d away ) ! p5al consequ5ces ( pa/ s98 ,if n1 :at is its relation to !m8 ,to answ] ^! que/ions we mu/ look a little m closely into ! nature ( su* p5al consequ5ces4 ,p]haps x w\ld help to cle> up ! subject if ,i 7 to say frankly be=e go+ any f>!r t !re is no su* ?+ z puni%m5t1 no f>-(f ,judgm5t ,day1 no great :ite ?rone1 & no ,judge ext]nal to ourselves4 ,i say !re is no puni%m5t ( s9 9 ! s5se 9 :i* ! ^w puni%m5t is usually employ$4 ,we are accu/om$ to ?9k ( puni%m5t z a s5t5ce impos$ by "s au?ority f )\t & conta9+ )9 itself "s elem5t ( v5geance = wrong-do+4 ,b 9 ! div9e deal+s ) m5 su* puni%m5t has nev] exi/$ & nev] w4 ,:at has already be5 said 9 a previ\s *apt] on ! subject ( pa9 %\ld help to make ?is /atem5t pla94 ,we h se5 t pa9 is life press+ ^u dea? & dea? resi/+ life4 ,if !re 7 no life1 !re w\ld be no pa94 ,we may say !re=e t pa9 is life1 or "s f9ite expression ( ! univ]sal life1 seek+ to bur/ ?r\gh some?+ t fett]s & h9d]s x4 ,apply ?is to ! region ( morals & let u see h[ x works out4 ,if a man has be5 liv+ = self1 he has be5 mak+ a mi/ake & prep>+ = himself a h>ve/ ( pa91 = soon] or lat] ! div9e life )9 him1 ! tru]1 deep] self1 w ass]t itself aga9/ ! decisive ef=ts ( s94 ,x is j z impossible = a man to g on et]nally liv+ ap>t f ! univ]sal life z x is = a s& ca/le to %ut out ! ocean2 ! return+ tide w\ld break d[n ! puny b>ri]s & de/roy ev]y?+ t t5ds to sep>ate betwe5 ! s\l & ,god4 ,=1 aft] all1 :at is our life b ,god's8 ,to try to keep x = ourselves is l try+ to cat* & imprison a sun ray by draw+ ! bl9ds4 ,to save ! self we mu/ s]ve ! ,all4 ,:51 !re=e1 we rememb] t ! _s ( man & ! _s ( ,god are "o1 we "k ( a surety t ! inf9ite life beh9d ! human _s w ass]t itself irresi/ibly aga9/ ! endeav\rs ( s9 to enclose t _s )9 f9ite conditions4 ,! ess5ce ( s9 is ! decl>ation1 ,m9e is n ?9e1 & ,i %all live = m9e alone4 ,?is is try+ to live = ! f9ite2 x is enclos+ ! s\l )9 b>ri]s2 ^? b>ri]s mu/ be brok5 if ! s\l is to be sav$1 & brok5 !y w be j because ! deep] self ( e man is already "o ) ,god4 ,9 ! /able-y>d ( my h\se !re 0 at "o "t a tree1 :i* 0 cut d[n & ! place :]e x grew cov]$ ) flag/ones & a wall built r\nd x4 ,b ! roots ( ! tree 7 n remov$1 & s t buri$ life has reass]t$ itself1 ! flag/ones h be5 %att]$1 & n[ ! wall is com+ d[n4 ,"h is a figure ( our moral exp]i5ce4 ,a man may g on liv+ = self all ?r\gh a long c>e]2 he may bury 8 bett] nature deep und]nea? ! h>d %ell ( mat]ialism & self-indulg5ce1 b x is all 9 va92 soon] or lat]1 on ?is side ( dea? or on ! o!r1 t buri$ life %all rise 9 p[] & all b>ri]s be swept away4 ,?is upris+ ( ! ,*ri/ 9 ! individual s\l1 = su* x is1 mu/ inevitably mean pa9 to ! man ^: true life has be5 entomb$ 9 selfi%ness4 ,! pa9 may beg9 "h or on ! f>!r side ( ! *ange call$ dea?1 b x is itself n a m>k ( dea?1 b ( life4 ,! fact t a s\l c suff] proves its salvability beyond dispute4 ,an ev]la/+ hell is 9 ! nature ( ?+s a contradiction1 = ! f9ite _c et]nally b> ! way ( ! inf9ite reality ^: upris+ is ! cause ( its pa92 if x c\ld1 x w\ld itself be inf9ite1 :i* is absurd4 ,s9 is ess5tially ! endeav\r to live = ! f9ite1 ! sep>ative1 ! divisive1 z oppos$ to ! inf9ite1 ! :ole-w>d1 ! ,all4 ,:i* w w9 9 ?is enc\nt]8 ,! real judge4--,& :o1 pray1 is ! ,judge8 ,:o b y\rself8 ,! deep] self is ! judge1 ! self :o is et]nally "o ) ,god4 ,! pa9 caus$ by s9 arises f ! s\l1 :i* is pot5tially inf9ite & _c h its true nature d5i$4 ,if y g & live ov] a sew]1 y w be ill4 ,:y8 ,because y 7 nev] meant to live ov] a sew]4 ,! evil !re9 attacks y1 & ! life )9 y fights to ov]come x1 & 9 ! process y h to suff]4 ,x is j ! same ) y\r spiritual nature4 ,y _c cont9ue to live ap>t f ! :ole1 = ! real y is ! :ole1 &1 d :at y w1 x w ov]come ev]y?+ )9 y t makes = sep>at5ess1 & 9 ! process y w h to suff]4 ,?is is :at ! puni%m5t ( s9 means4 ,x is life battl+ ) dea?1 love /riv+ aga9/ selfi%ness1 ! deep] s\l ) ! surface s\l4 ,x is our own spiritual nature t compels u to suff] :5 we s91 & !re is no escap+ ! s5t5ce2 if we s9 we mu/ suff]1 = we are s con/itut$ t :at s9 does1 love ) toil & pa9 mu/ undo4 ,no elev5?-h\r rep5tance c evade ?is issue2 9 fact1 x may be ! beg9n+ ( x4 ,if we h be5 tread+ a wrong road1 rep5tance is turn+ r\nd & tak+ ! way back4 ,if we h be5 liv+ a false life1 rep5tance is ! beg9n+ ( ! true1 & j 9 proportion z ! false has be5 accept$1 s w ! true f9d x difficult to de/roy ! lie4 ,y are ! judge2 y 9 ,god4 ,if y h fail$ to a*ieve t = :i* y are "h1 y w h to a*ieve x "h or else:]e1 & ! correction ( y\r failure w inevitably mean pa94 ,! tissues ( ! life to be1 ,we weave ) col\rs all our own2 ,& 9 ! field ( de/9y ,we reap z we h s[n4 ,!re is no?+ horrific ab\t ?is law ( ! _s4 ,9 a true & real s5se x is our own law2 we make x4 ,be+ :at we are1 we _c let ourselves (f4 ,pa9 is at once ! consequ5ce ( s9 & ! tok5 ( our div9e l9eage4 ,b !re is no?+ individuali/ic ab\t ?is s9n+ & suff]+4 ,all ! love 9 ! univ]se comes to ! help ( ! s\l t tries to rise4 ,x w ev5 ent] ! prison h\se along ) x & accept ! cross 9 ! endeav\r to ha/5 ! emancipation ( ! s9b\nd s\l4 ,9 fact1 x mu/ d s1 = z long z !re is any s9 to be done away1 love _c h its p]fect "w4 ,?is x 0 :i* br\ght ,jesus to e>?1 & ?is x is :i* turns e foll[] ( ,jesus into a savi\r4 ,love mu/ /rive & suff] ) s9 until ,god is all 9 all4 ,! spiritual resurrection4--,x foll[s f ?is t ! true resurrection is spiritual1 n mat]ial1 & ?is is ! s5se 9 :i* ! ^w is mo/ frequ5tly employ$ 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t4 ,9 ! f\r? gospel ,jesus is repres5t$ z say+1 ,i am ! resurrection1 & ! life3 he t believe? 9 me1 ?\gh he 7 dead1 yet %all he live3 & he t live? & believe? 9 me %all nev] die4 ,?is is a great say+1 & ! writ] ( ?is p>ticul> gospel meant e ^w ( x 9 ! s5se ,i h j indicat$4 ,he makes ! et]nal ,*ri/ ! speak+ t]ms ( ! e>?ly ,jesus & tells u t ! upris+ ( ?is et]nal ,*ri/ )9 ! s\l ( ! p5it5t s9n] is ! real resurrection4 ,! resurrection ( ,jesus4--,b ?is subject ( ! resurrection dem&s a fur!r exam9ation4 ,we h already se5 h[ inconsi/5t popul> ,*ri/ian doctr9e is ab\t ! matt]1 & yet ,*ri/ianity />t$ ) ! belief 9 a resurrection ( our ,"l1 a belief :i* has cont9u$ d[n to ! pres5t day4 ,:at are we to say ab\t ?is8 ,we may z well admit at ! outset t ! gospel acc\nts ( ! physical resurrection ( ,jesus are mutually inconsi/5t & t no am\nt ( +5uity c reconcile !m4 ,mat!w speaks ( a ,galilean appe>ance1 & says no?+ ab\t ! asc5sion4 ,luke says a great deal ab\t ! ,j]usalem appe>ances1 no?+ ab\t ,galilee1 & tells u t ! asc5sion took place f ,be?any4 ,! end ( ,/4 ,m>k's gospel has be5 lo/1 & ! la/ few v]ses are a summ>y ( ! acc\nts 9 ! o!r gospels conc]n+ ! po/-resurrection appe>ances ( ! ,"l4 ,john's v]sion is1 ( c\rse1 less hi/orical ?an ! synopti/s1 & puts ! la/ appe>ance at ! sea ( ,tib]ias4 ,a m9ute discussion ( ! problem ?us rais$ w\ld be unpr(itable = our pres5t purpose1 b ,i hope we c take = grant$ ! broad fact t )\t a belief 9 a resurrection ( "s k9d ,*ri/ianity c\ld n h made a />t at all4 ,x is almo/ indisputable t 9 "s way or o!r ! disciples mu/ h become conv9c$ t !y _h se5 ,jesus face to face aft] ! _w believ$ ,him to be dead & buri$4 ,! e>lie/ apo/olic utt]ance on ! subject 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t is ! famili> passage f #a ,cor4 xv3 ,= ,i deliv]$ unto y fir/ ( all t :i* ,i also receiv$1 h[ t ,*ri/ di$ = our s9s accord+ to ! scriptures2 ,& t he 0 buri$1 & t he rose aga9 ! ?ird day accord+ to ! scriptures3 ,& t he 0 se5 by ,cephas1 !n ( ! twelve3 ,aft] t he 0 se5 ( above five hundr$ bre?r5 at once2 ( :om ! great] "p rema9 unto ?is pres5t1 b "s are fall5 asleep4 ,aft] t he 0 se5 ( ,james2 !n ( all ! apo/les4 ,& la/ ( all he 0 se5 ( me also1 z ( "o born out ( due "t4 ,?is /atem5t is cle> en\gh & almo/ unque/ionably au!ntic4 ,x places beyond d\bt :at ! apo/olic *ur* ?\ght ( ! resurrection ( ,jesus4 ,! little gr\p ( disciples mu/ someh[ h become conv9c$ t _! ,ma/] 0 n really dead1 b alive & reign+ 9 ! _w unse51 int]e/$ z mu* z ev] 9 ! "w ,8 foll[]s 7 do+1 & spiritually pres5t ) !m 9 ! do+ ( x4 ,?is conviction _h imm$iate & important spiritual results4 ,x gave ^! simple m5 a new & great] confid5ce 9 ,jesus & 9 ! p[] ( ! life ,he _h liv$4 ,!y saw t ?is life 01 aft] all1 ! /ronge/ ?+ 9 ! univ]se4 ,!y realis$ t 9 ! end no?+ c\ld /& aga9/ !m2 evil c\ld d x no real h>m1 = ,god 0 beh9d x4 ,ev5 be=e ! crucifixion !y _h look$ ^u ,jesus z ! ,son ( ,god 9 a high] & m spiritual s5se ?an t title _h be5 us$ be=e1 b n[ h5ce=? !y ?\ght ( ,him z su* 9 a high] way /ill4 ,accord+ to ,paul ,he 0 decl>$ to be ! ,son ( ,god ) p[] by ! resurrection f ! dead4 ,if we try to put ourselves 9 ! place ( ^! fir/ ,*ri/ians1 we %all realise bett] ! effect ( ! resurrection ^u _! feel+s & behavi\r4 ,let u suppose t we _h kn[n ,jesus 9 ! fle%1 t we _h le>n$ to und]/& a little ( ! moral & spiritual beauty ( ! ideal reveal$ 9 ,8 life1 & t aft]w>d we _h se5 ,him die 9 blood & %ame2 ,i ?9k x w\ld h tak5 a good deal to conv9ce u t evil _h n ga9$ ! day4 ,n[ suppose aft] ?is we _h absolute pro(--,i w n say h[--t our ,ma/] 0 /ill alive1 & t ,8 _s 0 ) u & help+ u1 w\ld x n make a v great diff]5ce to our outlook ^u life & our confid5ce 9 ,god8 ,we c\ld n b feel ! littl5ess ( ! p[] t _h tri$ to de/roy ,jesus1 & we %\ld n be afraid ( x any m4 ,?is is precisely :at appe>s to h happ5$ 9 ! exp]i5ce ( ^! ,galileans4 ,defeat & failure 7 someh[ turn$ into victory & success2 !y _h se5 ,jesus aga94 ,!ories ( resurrection4--,b h[ are we to acc\nt = ?is new-f\nd confid5ce ( !irs t !y _h really once m look$ ^u ! face ( ,jesus8 ,! subject has be5 discuss$ s exhau/ively t no possible explanation ( x has be5 left altoge!r unt\*$4 ,su* a unique ev5t z ! rais+ ( a physical body f dea? is "o :i* ! av]age we/]n m9d ( ! pres5t day w\ld reject z incr$ible if we _h nev] he>d x be=e1 consequ5tly !re exi/s a widespread t5d5cy among lib]al ,*ri/ians to try to acc\nt = primitive ,*ri/ian belief 9 ! resurrection ( our ,"l 9 "s o!r way4 ,?us we h ! halluc9ation !ory1 ! app>ition !ory1 ! swoon !ory1 & o!rs ( a simil> "*4 ,i %\ld suppose t mo/ ?9k]s :o take ! po9t ( view ( ! ,new ,!ology w\ld hold "o or o!r ( ^! explanations or "s modification ( !m1 b ,i confess ,i h nev] be5 able to d s4 ,x seems to me t no su* explanation ( ! univ]sally held ,*ri/ian conviction t ! physical body ( ,jesus actually rose f ! tomb is suffici5t to acc\nt = x4 ,! passage already quot$ f #a ,cor4 xv is alone en\gh to illu/rate ?is /atem5t4 ,x is cle> t ! e>lie/ ,*ri/ians 7 absolutely c]ta9 t ! body ( ,jesus aft] ! resurrection 0 ! body ( ,jesus z !y _h kn[n x be=e1 al?\gh app>5tly x possess$ "s new & my/]i\s attributes4 ,9 my judgm5t1 also1 insi/5ce ^u ! impossibility ( a physical resurrection presumes an ess5tial di/9ction betwe5 matt] & _s :i* ,i _c admit4 ,! philosophy und]ly+ ! ,new ,!ology z ,i und]/& x is moni/ic idealism1 & moni/ic idealism recognises no fundam5tal di/9ction betwe5 matt] & _s4 ,! fundam5tal reality is consci\sness4 ,! s-call$ mat]ial _w is ! product ( consci\sness ex]cis+ itself along a c]ta9 limit$ plane2 ! next /age ( consci\sness above ?is is n an absolute break ) x1 al?\gh x is an expansion ( exp]i5ce or readju/m5t ( focus4 ,admitt+ t individual self-consci\sness p]si/s beyond ! *ange call$ dea?1 x only means t su* consci\sness is be+ ex]cis$ along ano!r plane2 f a ?ree-dim5sional x has ent]$ a f\r-dim5sional _w4 ,?is new _w is no less & no m mat]ial ?an ! pres5t2 x is all a "q ( ! range ( consci\sness4 ,x is ?is view1 ! view t matt] exi/s only 9 & = m9d1 t leads me to believe t less ?an ju/ice has be5 done by lib]al ?9k]s to ! !ory ( ! physical resurrection ( ,jesus4 ,:at is ! physical b ! common d5om9ator betwe5 "o f9ite m9d & ano!r8 ,x is a mode ( language1 an expression ( ?\ght z well z a condition ( ?\ght4 ,imag9e a be+ free ( a ?ree-dim5sional _w try+ to conv]se ) a be+ /ill limit$ to a two-dim5sional _w1 & we h a clew to :at ,i ?9k may h happ5$ aft] ! crucifixion ( ,jesus4 ,! ?ree-dim5sional body w\ld behave 9 a mann] altoge!r unacc\ntable to ! two-dim5sional wat*]4 ,! latt]1 kn[+ only l5g? & bread?1 & no?+ ( up or d[n1 w\ld see 8 ?ree-dim5sional fri5d z a l9e only4 ,! mom5t ! ?ree-dim5sional solid rose above or sank bel[ 8 l9e ( vision1 x w\ld seem to h disappe>$ l an app>ition1 al?\gh z really pres5t z be=e4 ,to ! two-dim5sional m9d x w\ld seem z ?\gh ! solid 7 a gho/4 ,does ?is ?r[ any light ^u ! my/]i\s appe>ances & disappe>ances ( ! body ( ,jesus8 ,! all-important ?+ aft] ,calv>y 0 to make ! disciples aw>e1 beyond all dispute1 t ,jesus 0 really alive1 m alive ?an ev]1 & t ,8 murd]]s _h be5 helpless to de/roy ,him4 ,:5 we rememb] t to ! ord9>y ,jewi% m9d ! ?\ght ( p]sonal immortality 0 any?+ b cle>1 & t to _m ( !m dea? 0 synonym\s ) annihilation1 we c see h[ enorm\s 0 ! *ange t _h to be wr\ght 9 ! m5tal attitude ( ^? :o _h se5 ,jesus die a viol5t & bloody dea?4 ,to see ,him return triumphant 0 ! "o ?+ requir$ to c\nt]act _! feel+ t all 0 lo/1 & ! be/ means ( demon/rat+ ?is victory ov] dea? 0 to enable !m to behold ,him 9 ! body ) :i* !y 7 already famili> & :i* !y lov$ s well4 ,=1 aft] all1 t body 0 b a ?\ght-=m1 a k9d ( language1 a mode ( communication betwe5 m9d & m9d2 x 0 no m & no less a ?\ght-=m ?an an app>ition w\ld h be51 &1 f ! po9t ( view ( moni/ic idealism1 x is no m difficult to believe 9 ! reanimation ( a physical body ?an 9 ! use ( any o!r ?\ght-=m to express a fact ( consci\sness4 ,"h1 !n1 we h a be+ ^: consci\sness belongs to ! f\r?-dim5sional plane adju/+ ,himself to ! capacity ( ^? on a ?ree-dim5sional plane = ! sake ( prov+ to !m beyond dispute t-- ,life is ev] "l ( dea?1 ,& love c nev] love its own4 ,?is seems to me ! mo/ reasonable explanation ( ! po/-resurrection appe>ances ( ,jesus1 & ! impression produc$ by !m on ! m9ds ( ,8 disciples4 ,mo/ ( my ,new ,!ology fri5ds w probably reject x at fir/ sight1 b at lea/ x is consi/5t ) ! philosophic position assum$ ?r\gh\t ?is book1 & seems to me to pres5t few] difficulties ?an any o!r 9 face ( ! ,new ,te/am5t acc\nts4 ,b no !ory ( ! resurrection ( ,jesus is absolutely indisp5sable or ( fir/-rate importance2 ! ma9 ?+ to be agre$ ^u is t ,*ri/ianity />t$ ) ! belief t its ,f\nd] _h ris5 f ! dead 9 ord] to demon/rate t dea? has no p[] to de/roy any?+ wor?y ( ,god4 ,9 consonance ) ?is ideali/ic view ( ! subject ! asc5sion becomes und]/&able2 x simply means t :5 ,jesus _h done :at ,he want$1 ! body 0 dissipat$4 ,no d\bt primitive ,*ri/ian ?\ght navely reg>d$ heav5 z a place above ! sky to :i* ! physical body actually w5t1 & ,hades1 or ! "u-_w1 z ! place f :i* ! _s ( ,jesus return$ to reanimate x be=e asc5d+ to ! abode ( ! ,fa!r4 ,pla9ly en\gh ?is is :at ,paul ?\ght ab\t x1 b su* a conception is n[ impossible to anyone2 x c\ld only exi/ "u a geoc5tric view ( ! univ]se :i* has long s9ce pass$ away4 ,b :5 ,paul speaks ev5 ab\t ! resurrection ( ! sa9ts1 ?is is :at he means4 ,all ! good :o h di$ are wait+ 9 ! "u-_w1 ! %ad[y home ( ! dep>t$1 9 a /ate ( exi/5ce :i* is only a sort ( dream or sleep comp>$ ) t :i* !y h left4 ,f ?is "u-_w ,jesus return$1 ! fir/-fruits ( !m t slept4 ,all :o believe 9 ,him w d ! same soon] or lat]1 w resume _! physical bodies1 &1 l ,him1 asc5d to ! _w above ! sky4 ,b see+ ?is geoc5tric cosmogony has be5 impossible = c5turies pa/1 :y %\ld we g on try+ to squeeze ,paul's language s z to mean some?+ else ?an :at x meant at fir/8 ,grant$ t he 0 "r 9 believ+1 9 company ) all ! re/ ( ! primitive *ur*1 t ,jesus %[$ ,himself to ! disciples aft] ,8 crucifixion1 :at m d we ne$8 ,paul's !ory z to ! resurrection ( e physical body is j nons5se 9 ! light ( our l>g] k ( ! univ]se & its laws1 & we may z well say s4 ,paul's my/ical view ( resurrection4--,b we %\ld d ,paul an inju/ice if we 7 to limit ! value ( 8 utt]ances by 8 views ab\t ! resurrection ( ! human body4 ,i h already po9t$ out t ,paul employs physical symbols 9 a my/ical way1 & 9 no?+ 0 ?is m s ?an 9 8 use ( ! idea ( a resurrection4 ,) him1 z ) ! writ] ( ! f\r? gospel1 ! spiritual resurrection 0 ! upris+1 go+-=w>d1 issu+-=?1 ( ! ,*ri/ or div9e man )9 ! s\l4 ,:5 he speaks 9 ?is way he all[s ! ?\ght ( a physical resurrection to drop out ( sight4 ,?us he writes3 ,if we h be5 plant$ toge!r 9 ! lik5ess ( ,8 dea?1 we %all be also 9 ! lik5ess ( ,8 resurrection4 ,t ,i may "k ,him & ! p[] ( ,8 resurrection1 & ! fell[%ip ( ,8 suff]+s1 be+ made con=mable unto ,8 dea?2 if by any means ,i might atta9 unto ! resurrection ( ! dead4 ,if !n ye be ris5 ) ,*ri/ seek ! ?+s :i* are above1 :]e ,*ri/ sitte? on ! "r h& ( ,god4444 ,= ye di$1 & y\r life is hid ) ,*ri/ 9 ,god4 ,ev5 if ?is la/ s5t5ce is n ,paul's own x has a di/9ctly ,paul9e r+4 ,9 8 matur] ?\ght ! great apo/le seems to h escap$ ! limitations ( 8 e>ly ,ph>isaism4 ,he ceases to speak ( ! sleep or ! "u-_w1 & beg9s to ?9k ( dea? z ! gateway to ! imm$iate pres5ce ( 8 de>ly lov$ ,ma/]4 ,= ,i long to dep>t & to be ) ,*ri/ :i* is f> bett]4 ,"h1 surely1 we are li/5+ to ! voice ( ,paul ! ag$4 ,! mom5t we succe$ 9 dis5tangl+ ourselves f all lit]al & limit+ ,new ,te/am5t /atem5ts ab\t ! connection betwe5 s9 & physical dea?1 ! physical resurrection1 ! di/ant ,judgm5t ,day1 & su*-l1 we f9d ourselves 9 a position to appreciate ! beautiful spiritual exp]i5ce 9 :i* ^! v t]ms become symbols ( inn] realities ( ! s\l4 ,till we c d ?is1 ,new ,te/am5t language is sure to be a h9drance to any true appreh5sion ( ! moral value ( ! gospel ( ,*ri/4 ,! only salvation we ne$ tr\ble ab\t is ! *ange f selfi%ness to love1 ,we "k t we h pass$ f dea? unto life because we love4 ,?is *ange is equival5t to a resurrection1 ! upris+ ( ! et]nal ,*ri/ )9 u4 ,x is also an asc5sion1 ! uplift+ & unit+ ( ! s\l to ! et]nal ,fa!r4 ,b su* a resurrection & asc5sion may be prec$$ by a great deal ( pa9 :5 ! s\l is %$d+ ! husk ( selfi%ness4 ,!re is no dodg+ ! consequ5ces ( s92 t is absolutely impossible4 ,a savi\r may suff] ) & = ! s9n]1 b ! s9n] mu/ suff] too4 ,! suff]+ is n a m>k ( ,god's ang]1 b ( 8 love2 s f> f salvation be+ a means ( scre5+ u f x1 ! pa9 is a means by :i* ! salvation takes effect4 ,x is ! true self ass]t+ its dom9ion ov] ! false4 ,heav5 & hell are /ates ( ! s\l1 & ! latt] implies ! =m]4 ,x is life t suff]s1 n dea?4 ,:5 a guilty s\l awak5s to ! tru?1 hell beg9s1 b x is because heav5 wants to break ?r\gh4 ,! aim & object ( salvation are n ! gett+ ( a man into heav51 b ! gett+ ( heav5 into him4 ,!re is no?+ horrify+ ab\t ! law ( retribution1 al?\gh x is inexorable 9 its op]ation4 ,x is an evid5ce ( our div9e orig91 our own true be+ ass]t+ itself aga9/ ! fett]s ( evil4 ,b x is ! ,*ri/ t saves u1 n ! retribution2 ! retribution only %[s t ! ,*ri/ is !re1 & t f ! ,calv>y caus$ by s91 & f ! tomb 9 :i* ! true self lies buri$1 ,he w rise 9 glori\s maje/y 9 ! s\l & unite u 9 ! bonds ( love to ! et]nal div9e humanity :i* is ,god4 ,physical dea? ( m9or importance4--,x foll[s f :at has n[ be5 said t all ^! famili> t]ms imply ea* o!r1 & t dea?1 judgm5t1 heav51 & hell _c prop]ly be reg>d$ z ! ,la/ ,?+s4 ,!y are all "h n[1 "h )9 ! s\l1 j z inf9ity & et]nity are "h n[4 ,x is n a matt] ( hi!r & yond]1 b ( high] & l[]4 ,physical dea? is n ! all-important ev5t :i* !ologians h usually made x out to be2 x is only a b5d 9 ! road4 ,my own impression is t :5 we individually pass ?r\gh ?is crisis1 we %all f9d ! *ange to be v slight4 ,x w mean ! dropp+ ( ! scales f ! eyes1 & t is ab\t all4 ,! ?+s we h be5 liv+ = on ?is side w only pr(it u 9 s f> z !y h gone to ! build+ up ( a ,*ri/like "*4 ,if a man has be5 liv+ = false & unwor?y ideals1 he w quickly f9d x out2 ! only possession he c take to ! o!r side ( dea? is :at he is4 ,belief 9 ! aton+ m]its & ! f9i%$ "w ( a ,savi\r w n comp5sate = wa/$ opportunities & selfi% de$s2 ^! latt] w light ! fires ( retribution z ! s\l awakes to its true condition1 & !n1 & n till !n p]haps1 w ! indwell+ ,*ri/ obta9 ,8 opportunity4 ,nor w ! abs5ce ( a =mal cre$ %ut any good man out ( heav52 x is impossible to %ut a man out f :at he is4 ,:at we s[ we reap1 & we d s j because ( :at we fundam5tally are4 ,e road to evil ends 9 a cul-de-sac4 ,soon] or lat] e s\l w h to le>n t x is no use kick+ aga9/ ! pricks2 we mu/ le>n by ! consequ5ces ( our mi/akes t1 be+ :at we are1 ! *ildr5 ( ! ,highe/1 we _c p]man5tly re/ 9 any?+ less ?an ! love ( ,god4 ,salvation & ,atonem5t are j z op]ative on ! o!r side ( dea? z on ?is4 ,! bl9d s\l goes on = a :ile 9 its blund]+ selfi%ness1 & ! ,*ri/ _s1 ! _s ( univ]sal love1 goes on seek+ to w9 x to ! tru?4 ,9 ! end ! tru? mu/ prevail if only because we %all h to le>n t ! lie is n wor? :ile4 ,evid5ce = immortality ( ! s\l4--,no d\bt !re are "s read]s ( ^! pages :o pr(ess !mselves agno/ic or indiff]5t ) reg>d to ! "q ( immortality1 & ,i am n go+ to argue ) !m4 ,x seems to me probable t be=e v long x w be impossible to d5y x4 ,! mass ( evid5ce = ! p]si/5ce ( individual self-consci\sness aft] dea? is increas+ rapidly & is be+ subject$ to ! /ricte/ sci5tific inve/igation4 ,m5 l ,sir ,william ,crookes & ,sir ,oliv] ,lodge1 m5 ^: words are entitl$ to respect f ! po9t ( view ( mod]n sci5ce1 h publicly admitt$ ! importance ( su* evid5ce2 be=e long ! sci5tific _w 9 g5]al w h to take x into consid]ation4 ,b to me su* evid5ce does n greatly matt]1 & ,i "k v little ab\t x at fir/ h&4 ,i build my belief 9 immortality on ! conviction t ! fundam5tal reality ( ! univ]se is consci\sness1 & t no consci\sness c ev] be ext+ui%$1 = x belongs to ! :ole & mu/ be fulfill$ 9 ! :ole4 ,! "o un?9kable supposition f ?is po9t ( view is t any k9d ( be+ :i* has ev] become aw>e ( itself1 t is1 has ev] conta9$ a ray ( ! et]nal consci\sness1 c p]i%4 ,,*apt] ,,xiii ,,! ,,*ur* ,,& ,,! ,,k+dom ,( ,,god ,ord] ( ! subject4--,f ! consid]ation ( ! true significance ( su* t]ms z ,salvation1 ,judgm5t1 ,heav51 & ,hell1 we n[ turn to "o :i* might be ?\ght to occupy a relatively inf]ior position & to prec$e !m 9 ord] ( "t4 ,b if we h be5 "r 9 hold+ t su* t]ms z we h already exam9$ repres5t /ates ( ! s\l beg9n+ "h & n[1 we h consid]$ !m 9 _! rightful place1 = n[ we h to see h[ ^! /ates ( ! s\l f9d expression 9 human in/itutions4 ,9 a ^w1 ,i wi% to devote "s space to ! consid]ation ( ! great subjects ( ! ,*ur* & ! ,k+dom ( ,god 9 relation to "o ano!r4 ,:at is ! ,*ur*8 ,:]e did ! idea spr+ f8 ,:at _h ,jesus to d ) x orig9ally8 ,:at is ! ,k+dom ( ,god1 & h[ d ! v>i\s ,*ri/ian societies :i* call !mselves *ur*es /& 9 reg>d to x to-day8 ,to answ] any ( ^! que/ions we mu/ try to place ourselves to "s ext5t 9 ! intellectual & moral atmosph]e ( ^? among/ :om ! ideas fir/ arose4 ,let u take ! ,k+dom fir/4 ,orig9 ( ! idea ( ! ,k+dom ( ,god4--,at ! "t :5 ,jesus came e p]son ( ,jewi% nationality 0 look+ = ! e/abli%m5t ( :at _h come to be call$ ! ,k+dom ( ,god4 ,= _m g5]ations ! ,jews _h be5 a subject race4 ,!re _h be5 "o brief p]iod ( national spl5d\r & prosp]ity1 namely1 ! reigns ( ,david & ,solomon4 ,aft] g5]ations 7 incl9$ to idealise ^! two reigns1 especially ! =m]1 & to look ^u !m z a k9d ( gold5 age4 ,david !y look$ ^u z an ideal mon>*2 !y call$ him a man aft] ,god's own he>t1 & ! imag9ation ( poet & prophet lov$ to dwell ^u 8 w9some p]sonality4 ,!y ?\ght ( him z 9 a special way ! k+ *os5 by ,god1 & ! ,israel ( 8 "t z a true k+dom ( ,god1 a k+dom ( righte\sness1 peace1 & pl5ty "u ! fav\r ( ! ,mo/ ,high4 ,! real ,israel ( ,david's day 0 f> diff]5t f ?is1 b comp>$ ) ! days t foll[$ x 0 inde$ a "t ( unexampl$ greatness4 ,a simil> t5d5cy to idealise ! pa/ is obs]vable 9 ne>ly e nation :i* has ent]$ ^u a p]iod ( suff]+ or mis=tune1 z we c see f ! leg5ds ab\t ,k+ ,olaf & ,fr$]ick ,b>b>ossa4 ,b ,israel always look$ ^u h]self z 9 a special way a !ocratic k+dom1 a *os5 ( ,god4 ,at its be/ ?is idea 0 a f9e "o1 "o1 x l$ to ! ?\ght ( a special spiritual vocation = ! sake ( ! o!r nations ( ! e>?2 at its wor/ x meant ! ass]tion ( national privilege & contempt = ev]y?+ :i* 0 n ,jewi%4 ,aft] ! great captivity 9 ,babylon ! ,jews 7 nev] )\t a =eign ma/]1 & ! nor!rn k+dom ( ,israel disappe>$ f hi/ory4 ,b 9 q a rem>kable way ,jewi% poets & prea*]s unit$ to keep alive ! popul> belief t ,god w\ld yet re/ore ! k+dom to ,israel4 ,h5ce !re grew up a firmly held conviction t ,god w\ld sometime raise up a pr9ce born ( ,david's l9e :o ) sup]natural help1 & ) a /rong h&1 w\ld drive out ! invad] & e/abli% a k+dom :i* %\ld out%9e ev5 t ( ,david himself4 ,?is 0 ! root idea ( ! k+dom ( ,god1 z we meet x 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t1 & z x is describ$ 9 "s ( ! mo/ beautiful passages ( ! ,old4 ,! ,messiah ( ,jewi% expectation4--,z "t w5t on ?is idea 0 deep5$ & cl>ifi$ & became m & m associat$ 9 popul> expectation ) ! adv5t ( ! ,messianic deliv]] ^: "w x %\ld be to inaugurate x4 ,at ! "t :5 ,jesus 0 born ?is expectation _h become v ke54 ,ev]yone 0 ?9k+ ( x1 f ,ph>isees & ,scribes d[nw>d4 ,at ! mom5t ! =eign ma/] 0 ! ,roman1 ^: rule1 ?\gh mild] ?an t ( ! ,ptolemies1 0 q sev]e en\gh2 ! p 7 impov]i%$ & unhappy4 ,:at !y 7 look+ = 0 a ,messiah1 a transc5d5t b q human p]sonality ( royal desc5t1 :o %\ld expel ! ,roman eagles & inaugurate sudd5ly & completely an era ( peace & prosp]ity ! l ( :i* _h nev] be5 kn[n be=e1 a true k+dom ( ,god4 ,"o ext5sion ( ?is idea 0 t ,israel %\ld replace ! ,roman empire z ! suz]a9 ( all ! o!r nations ( ! e>?4 ,arise1 %9e2 = ?y light is come1 & ! glory ( ! ,"l is ris5 ^u !e4 ,=1 behold1 ! d>kness %all cov] ! e>?1 & gross d>kness ! p3 b ! ,"l %all rise ^u !e1 & 8 glory %all be se5 ^u !e4 ,& ! ,g5tiles %all come to ?y light1 & k+s to ! brightness ( ?y ris+4444 ,& ! sons ( /rang]s %all build up ?y walls1 & _! k+s %all m9i/] unto !e3 = 9 my wra? ,i smote !e1 b 9 my fav\r h ,i _h m]cy on !e4 ,!re=e ?y gates %all be op5 cont9ually2 !y %all n be %ut day nor night2 t m5 may br+ unto !e =ces ( ! ,g5tiles1 & t _! k+s may be br\ght4 ,= ! nation & k+dom t w n s]ve !e %all p]i%2 yea1 ^? nations %all be utt]ly wa/$4444 ,! sons also ( !m t afflict$ !e %all come b5d+ unto !e2 & all !y t despis$ !e %all b[ !mselves d[n at ! soles ( ?y feet2 & !y %all call !e1 ,! city ( ! ,"l1 ,! ,zion ( ! ,holy ,"o ( ,israel4 ,?is f9e passage %[s pretty cle>ly :at 0 ! g5]al idea z to ! nature ( ! anticipat$ k+dom ( ,god4 ,x meant t ! ,jewi% ,messiah 0 to take ! place ( ,caes> & reign ) undisput$ sway f 8 capital ( ,j]usalem4 ,b we %\ld d an inju/ice to ! subject if we fail$ to all[ = ! fact t accord+ to ! prophetic ideal ?is k+dom 0 to be a bless+ to ! _w1 & to aboli% all viol5ce & oppression2 ! k+dom ( ,god 0 to be a k+dom ( univ]sal peace & joy1 a k+dom ( righte\sness bas$ on social ju/ice4 ,x 0 because ( ?is widespread expectation t ! au/]e prea*]1 ,john ! ,bapti/1 obta9$ 8 he>+ 9 ! wild]ness ( ,judea4 ,all ,john _h to prea* ab\t 0 ! k+dom ( ,god1 :i* he decl>$ to be ne> at h&4 ,he believ$ t he _h be5 s5t to h]ald ! com+ ( ! ,messiah1 & f 8 words we c ga!r :at p ?\ght ab\t ! ,messiah3 ,^: fan is 9 8 h&1 & he w ?or\ghly purge 8 floor1 & ga!r 8 :eat into ! g>n]2 b he w burn up ! *aff ) unqu5*able fire4 ,accord+ to ! ,bapti/1 ! ,messiah w\ld sp>e no k9d ( %am or hypocrisy2 he w\ld root out & utt]ly de/roy e k9d ( social evil1 no matt] :at4 ,john insi/$ t x w\ld be ( no use = ,jews to imag9e t simply because !y 7 desc5dants ( ,abraham !y w\ld escape ?is g5]al visitation2 h5ce 8 words to ! ,ph>isees 7 p>ticul>ly sca?+3 ,o g5]ation ( vip]s1 :o ha? w>n$ y to flee f ! wra? to come8 ,x is cle>1 !re=e1 t1 9 ! op9ion ( ! man :o has n[ come to be reg>d$ z ! =]unn] ( ,jesus1 ! k+dom ( ,god 0 to be an e>?ly k+dom1 0 to come sudd5ly1 & 0 to be inaugurat$ by a sort ( g5]al judgm5t or clean sweep ( all ! elem5ts t made = oppression1 cruelty1 f\l liv+1 & pret5ti\sness ( e k9d4 ,x _h n ! remote/ ref]5ce to a _w to come or a ,div9e ,r$eem] ^: pr9cipal duty x %\ld be to suff] & die 9 ord] to secure a bless$ immortality = ^? :o believ$ 9 ,him4 ,jesus' idea ( ! k+dom4--,h[ f> ,jesus %>$ ^! ideas at ! comm5cem5t ( ,8 own m9i/ry x is impossible to say1 b x seems cle> t ,he 0 attract$ by ! moral e>ne/ness ( ,john & wi%$ to associate ,himself ) ^? :o 7 look+ = a k+dom ( ,god :i* %\ld mean ! e/abli%m5t & realisation ( ! moral ideal 9 all human relations4 ,b at ! baptism a purpose long =m+ 9 8 m9d appe>s to h tak5 def9ite %ape4 ,he felt ,himself call$ to prea* ! good news ( a k+dom :i* c\ld beg9 at once 9 ! he>t ( any man :o 0 will+ to become ! in/rum5t ( div9e love & ! expression ( ! ideal ( human bro!rhood4 ,he w5t into ! wild]ness to ?9k ?is out & !n came back to tea* x4 ,i d n ?9k ,he imag9$ t x c\ld be realis$ quickly & easily1 b x seems fairly obvi\s t at fir/ ,he expect$ t m5 w\ld be s glad to he> ab\t x t !y w\ld ha/5 to avail !mselves ( x4 ,all ?r\gh ,8 m9i/ry ,he spoke ( little else1 & x 0 because ( :at ,he _h to say ab\t ! nature ( ! k+dom t ,8 foll[]s 7 attract$ to ,him4 ,h5ce1 too1 we h ! dea?less tea*+ pres]v$ = u 9 ! synoptical gospels3 ,bless$ are ! poor 9 _s1 = !irs is ! k+dom ( heav54444 ,bless$ are ! pure 9 he>t = !y %all see ,god4 ,! mean+ ( ,jesus is p]fectly cle> & p]fectly simple4 ,x is t if a k+dom ( univ]sal bro!rhood is ev] to be realis$ on e>?1 x c only come by ! op]ation ( univ]sal good w4 ,?is has be5 mu* too simple = mo/ ( ! !ologians1 & s !y h endeav\r$ to twi/ & torture x out ( all recognition4 ,z "t w5t on1 h[ev]1 ,jesus came to see t x w\ld n be realis$ z quickly z ev5 ,he _h ?\ght4 ,m5 c\ld n or w\ld n und]/&2 !y 7 look+ = a k+dom :i* %\ld mean pl5ty to eat & dr9k1 & univ]sal dom9ion = ! sons ( ,abraham4 ,ev5 ,8 mo/ imm$iate foll[]s 7 unable to dive/ !mselves ( ?is notion1 & x is pla9 en\gh t !y w5t on hop+ ev5 to ! end t ,jesus w\ld head a revolt & e/abli% a k+dom 9 :i* !y !mselves w\ld hold positions ( dignity & importance3 ,grant t we may sit1 ! "o on ?y "r h& & ! o!r on ?y left 9 ?y k+dom4 ,! /rik+ rebuke :i* ,jesus adm9i/]$ to ^! pret5sions1 by sett+ a little *ild 9 ! mid/ ( ! jeal\s m51 w nev] be =gott5 :ile ! _w la/s4 ,jesus did believe 9 an e>?ly k+dom ( righte\sness1 peace1 & joy1 b x is evid5t t ,he w\ld h no?+ to say to viol5ce z a means ( realis+ x4 ,he ev5 believ$ t ! k+dom _h already come 9 ! he>t ( any man :o 0 desir\s ( be+ at "o ) ,god & man & d5i$ himself 9 ! ef=t to d x3 ,& :5 he 0 dem&$ ( ! ,ph>isees1 :5 ! k+dom ( ,god %\ld come1 he answ]$ !m & said1 ,! k+dom ( ,god come? n ) obs]vation3 ,nei!r %all !y say1 ,lo "h6 or1 lo !re6 =1 behold1 ! k+dom ( ,god is )9 y4 ,e>ly ,*ri/ian idea ( ! k+dom4--,an important fact1 :i* ,i d n ?9k is g5]ally recognis$1 is t ! fir/ ,*ri/ians ?\ght almo/ precisely :at ! ,jews did ab\t ! k+dom ( ,god4 ,mo/ p are accu/om$ to ?9k ( ,*ri/ianity z hav+ be5 f ! fir/ a religion :i* _h pr9cipally to d ) gett+ m5 ready = ! next _w4 ,we c h>dly ?9k ab\t x ap>t f ecclesia/ical build+s1 *oirs1 baptisms1 confirmations1 pray]s = ! sick & dy+1 & s on4 ,s mu* h we be5 accu/om$ to ?9k ( x 9 ?is way t ! av]age man reads 8 ,new ,te/am5t ) ^! assumptions 9 ! backgr\nd ( 8 m9d4 ,b ?is is c]ta9ly n ,new ,te/am5t ,*ri/ianity4 ,! apo/les & _! foll[]s believ$ l ! ,jews 9 ! sudd5 e/abli%m5t ( an ideal commonweal? ^u e>?4 ,?is 0 h[ !y und]/ood ! ,"l's pray]1 ,?y k+dom come1 ?y w be done on e>? z x is 9 heav54 ,!y did n ev5 wi% to sep>ate f ,judaism1 & x is cle> f ,paul's lett]s t !re 0 at "o "t a great dang] t ! new fai? might become a m]e ,jewi% sect4 ,! ,*ri/ians diff]$ f ! ,jews1 n 9 _! ideal conc]n+ ! k+dom1 b 9 _! great] moral int5sity & en?usiasm1 z well z 9 _! pr(\nd conviction t ! ,"l ,jesus 0 ,god's *os5 in/rum5t = realis+ ?is k+dom1 & t ,he w\ld pres5tly return to e>? & d x4 ,any unbiass$ read] ( ! ,new ,te/am5t c see = himself t ! primitive ,*ri/ians liv$ 9 h\rly expectation t ?is 0 :at w\ld happ54 ,( c\rse !y also believ$ 9 _! ,ma/]'s cont9ual spiritual pres5ce ) !m1 b ! dom9ant ?\ght 9 _! m9ds 0 t ( a dramatic second com+ & ! inauguration ( a reign ( righte\sness & univ]sal peace1 ! mak+ ( a beautiful _w1 some?+ l ! ,utopia ( ,mr4 ,h4 ,g4 ,wells4 ,nor 0 ?is altoge!r a delusion4 ,if x _h be51 ,*ri/ianity w\ld soon h di$4 ,b1 on ! contr>y1 x liv$ & grew because ( ! great tru? beh9d ?is belief1 namely1 t ! ,_s ( ,*ri/ work+ 9 ! he>ts ( m5 is gradually produc+ ?is ideal k+dom 9 our mid/4 ,if1 ) ?is view ( ! "* ( e>ly ,*ri/ianity 9 our m9ds1 we g afre% to ! gospels or to ! lett]s ( ,paul1 we %all f9d x abundantly confirm$4 ,!re is no gett+ away f x4 ,all ! e>ne/ness & en?usiasm ( ^! fir/ ,*ri/ians 7 c5tr$ ^u ! belief 9 ! ne> adv5t ( a div9e k+dom ^u e>? ) ,jesus z its head4 ,?is belief ev5 affect$ ! practice ( ^! e>ly ,*ri/ians 9 reg>d to ! disposal ( _! prop]ty4 ,to und]/& ?is1 let u put ourselves 9 _! place & ask :at we %\ld d if we 7 possess$ by ! conviction t ! :ole exi/+ social ord] might come to an end to-morr[ morn+ or next week1 & t aft] t no *ild ( ,god w\ld ev] want = any?+4 ,i ?9k we %\ld be sure to feel t ! hold+ ( p]sonal prop]ty w\ld n matt] mu*4 ,if1 9 addition to ?is1 our he>ts 7 fill$ ) a div9e en?usiasm1 an ov]ma/]+ love = ,jesus & = all our bre?r51 we %\ld n want to keep any?+ back t c\ld s]ve to make anyone happi] = ! %ort "t t int]v5$ be=e ! glori\s com+ ( ! ,"l4 ,?is 0 j h[ ! primitive ,*ri/ians felt4 ,!y _h no organis$ economic sy/em2 no "o 0 compell$ to give any?+1 b "u ! pressure ( ! new _s !y will+ly gave ev]y?+4 ,:at did x matt]8 !y ?\ght2 !y 7 only l pilgrims )9 sight ( home1 or wat*]s wait+ = ! morn+4 ,orig9 ( ! idea ( ! *ur*4--,:]e1 !n1 did ! idea ( ! *ur* come f8 ,x is z pla9 z any?+ c be t ! prim>y int]e/ ( e>ly ,*ri/ianity 0 ! k+dom ( ,god4 ,x took ! conception ov] f ,judaism ) a deep] moral cont5t d]iv$ f ! prea*+ & ! life ( ,jesus4 ,its fir/ adh]5ts did n ev5 "k t !y _h a new religion2 !y only ?\ght !y _h f\nd ! true ,messiah1 al?\gh ! ,jewi% nation z a :ole _h reject$ ,him4 ,:at !y want$ above ev]y?+ 0 to see ! k+dom come ^u e>?1 & we n[ "k t !y 7 mi/ak5 9 imag9+ t x w\ld be e/abli%$ spe$ily & sudd5ly by ! visible second com+ ( ,jesus on ! cl\ds ( heav54 ,b see+ t !y 7 ?9k+ ( x 9 ?is way1 h[ did ! *ur* arise & :y8 ,x is d\btful if ,jesus ev] us$ ! ^w *ur*1 = ! two v]ses 9 ,mat!w 9 :i* ,he is cr$it$ ) x are probably ( late date & po9t to a "t :5 ! ecclesia/ical organisation 0 fairly well e/abli%$4 ,/ill ! ^w itself has an int]e/ & a hi/ory ( its own ap>t f its ,*ri/ian use4 ,! ecclesia1 z mo/ ( my read]s may be aw>e1 0 ! assembly ( ! citiz5s ( any ,greek city-/ate4 ,x 0 ! cu/om = ! :ole body ( ! memb]s ( a ,greek self-gov]n+ community to be call$ toge!r f "t to "t = ! transaction ( public bus9ess4 ,?is assembly 0 ! f9al au?ority 9 matt]s affect+ ! communal welf>e1 & ev5 aft] ! v>i\s ,greek /ates became absorb$ 9 ! ,roman empire ?is cu/om 0 all[$ to cont9ue4 ,x 0 ! policy ( ! ,romans to p]mit a l>ge measure ( self-gov]nm5t to _! subjects ( any ali5 race1 & !re=e ! ecclesia ( any p>ticul> city-/ate cont9u$ to be summon$ z usual to decide ^u matt]s ( local importance4 ,!re is a ref]5ce to ?is 9 ! n9ete5? *apt] ( ! ,acts1 :]e we read t ! prea*+ ( ,*ri/ianity 9 ,ephesus caus$ a riot :i* ! t[n cl]k--a ?or\ghly typical t[n cl]k6--succe$$ 9 allay+ by rem9d+ ! demon/rators t if !y _h any real cause = compla9t1 ! matt] ought to come be=e ! regul> ecclesia4 ,?is prop]ly con/itut$ ecclesia to :i* ! level-head$ t[n cl]k ref]r$ 0 ! g5]al assembly ( ! citiz5s = ! transaction ( public bus9ess4 ,x 0 q natural t ! primitive ,*ri/ians %\ld h come to adopt ?is ^w1 & to an ext5t ?is v idea1 z a conv5i5t description ( ! new ,*ri/ian community4 ,aft] ! dep>ture ( _! ,ma/] ! ,*ri/ians held toge!r1 & :]ev] _! mission>ies w5t1 new communities sprang up1 animat$ by a _s ( loyalty to ,jesus & a desire to realise ,8 ideal = mank9d4 ,x 0 q natural1 too1 t ! apo/les %\ld recognise all ^! communities z be+ 9 reality "o community = fell[%ip ( fai? & love2 x 0 ! ecclesia1 or assembly1 or society ( ,jesus1 ! beg9n+ ( ! *ur* ( ,*ri/1 z x soon came to be call$4 ,!re 0 no elaborate organisation2 no?+ c\ld h be5 simpl]4 ,e ,*ri/ian seems to h ?\ght t z x w\ld n be long be=e ! ,ma/] came aga91 ! wise & "r ?+ to d 0 = ,8 foll[]s to hold toge!r & witness ,him to ! _w1 until t great ev5t took place4 ,*ur* only exi/s = ! sake ( ! k+dom4--,b h[ f> did ,jesus =esee & int5d ?is8 ,x is difficult to say1 b 8 *oice ( twelve apo/les :om ,he c>efully tra9$ to cont9ue ,8 "w is evid5ce t ,he contemplat$ ! =mation ( "s k9d ( society to give effect to ,8 tea*+4 ,! numb] twelve po9ts to ! probability t ,he ?\ght ( ?is society z a k9d ( new ,israel1 a spiritual ,israel1 :i* %\ld d = ! _w :at ! old] ,israel _h fail$ to d1 t is1 br+ ab\t ! k+dom ( ,god4 ,i h already po9t$ out t 9 my judgm5t ,jesus did n believe1 z ,8 contempor>ies did1 t t k+dom c\ld be e/abli%$ sudd5ly f )\t1 b held t x c\ld only be a*iev$ by spiritual =ces work+ f )94 ,8 ecclesia has liv$ & gr[n4 ,x has surviv$ = n9ete5 c5turies1 & is likely to survive = _m c5turies m4 ,x has play$ a lead+ "p 9 ! mak+ ( mod]n civilisation4 ,b x is no long] a unity1 & _m diff]5t !ories exi/ z to its mean+ & wor?4 ,! sac]dotal !ory4--,broadly speak+1 h[ev]1 !re are two out/&+ views z to ! scope & function ( ! ecclesia1 or *ur* ( ,jesus4 ,"o is ! sac]dotal1 & ! o!r is :at1 = want ( a bett] "n1 ,i may t]m ! evangelical4 ,9 outl9e ! =m] is z foll[s3 be=e ,jesus f9ally )drew ,8 bodily pres5ce f ,8 disciples ,he =mally con/itut$ a religi\s society to repres5t ,him on e>?4 ,?is society 0 to be ! ark ( salvation1 ! sph]e ( cov5ant$ grace4 ,its pr9cipal "w 0 to call m5 out ( a lo/ & ru9$ _w & secure = !m a bless$ immortality2 ^? :o 7 memb]s ( ?is *ur*1 & only !y1 7 c]ta9 ( heav54 ,memb]%ip !re9 0 cle>ly def9$2 ! gateway 0 baptism4 ,^? :o 7 baptiz$ 9 a prop] way1 ev5 ?\gh !y 7 unconsci\s infants1 7 memb]s ( ! *ur* ( ,*ri/ & all o!rs 7 outside4 ,)9 ?is sacr$ society s\ls 7 to be tra9$ 9 rightness ( liv+1 &1 to an ext5t1 made fit = heav54 ,! ,holy ,_s abid+ 9 ?is society w\ld sanctify ! individual memb]s & guide !m into all ! tru?4 ,x is ev5 held t ,jesus def9itely appo9t$ ! way 9 :i* ?is *ur* 0 to be gov]n$4 ,its affairs 7 to be manag$ by a ?reefold ord]1--bi%ops1 prie/s1 & deacons4 ,b "h a division has tak5 place among/ ! sac]dotali/s !mselves ow+ to ! necessity ( f9d+ "s f9al au?ority1 "s liv+ voice1 )9 ?is visible society to :i* appeal 9 ! la/ resort c\ld be made4 ,romani/s h f\nd ?is 9 ! bi%op ( ,rome :om !y reg>d z ! episcopal successor ( ! apo/le ,pet]4 ,dev\t ,anglicans take _! /& ^u ! fai? z def9$ by ! fir/ f\r g5]al ,c\ncils1 :ile 9 adm9i/rative matt]s !y reg>d ! bi%op z indep5d5t4 ,! ,greek *ur* also insi/s ^u its autonomy4 ,?is sac]dotal view has ex]cis$ enorm\s influ5ce 9 ,*ri/ian hi/ory1 & ,i h suffici5t ( ! hi/oric imag9ation to be able to say t at c]ta9 times x has und\bt$ly work$ on ! :ole = good4 ,b did ,jesus really f\nd a *ur* ( ?is k9d8 ,i am q sure ,he nev] ?\ght ( su* a ?+1 & hi/orical criticism ( ,*ri/ian orig9s does n leave ! sac]dotali/ mu* to /& on4 ,jesus appo9t$ nei!r bi%op nor prie/1 & nev] orda9$ t any m]ely me*anical c]emony %\ld be ! means ( admission to ! ,*ri/ian society or be necess>y to ! et]nal welf>e ( anyone4 ,9 ! e>ly *ur* ! bi%op or eld] 0 ! presid5t ( ! little ,*ri/ian society meet+ 9 any p>ticul> locality4 ,primitive ,*ri/ian organisation 0 any?+ b rigid & =mal1 & 0 z f> z possible f ! sac]dotal model4 ,i d n say t ! sac]dotal mode ( organisation :i* gradually grew up 0 :olly mis*iev\s1 nor d ,i say t ! primitive ,*ri/ian organisation w\ld be ! be/ "u all circum/ances4 ,all ,i ma9ta9 is t 9 f\nd+ ,8 new society ,jesus did n orda9 any p>ticul> =m ( organisation4 ,! evangelical !ory4--,! o!r view ( ! mean+ ( ! ^w *ur* to :i* ,i h already ref]r$1 is t x is ! totality ( ! foll[]s ( ,jesus4 ,"u ?is view organisation is a second>y matt]4 ,!re are _m reasons :y ,*ri/ian societies %\ld organise !mselves diff]5tly f "o ano!r4 ,temp]am5t plays a great "p 9 ! matt]4 ,b !ories ( *ur* gov]nm5t h ceas$ to be ! burn+ que/ions t !y once 74 ,mo/ s5sible m5 are n[ satisfi$ t =ms ( gov]nm5t matt] mu* less ?an ! k9d ( life :i* fl\ri%es 9 ! society itself4 ,:at ! *ur* exi/s = to-day4--,b :at does ! *ur* exi/ =1 us+ ! ^w 9 its primitive s5se8 ,:at ought x to exi/ = to-day8 ,:at is ! ju/ification = all ! va/ numb] ( ,*ri/ian organisations :i* exi/ ?r\gh\t ! _w8 ,?is is a subject ^u :i* a cle> note ne$s to be s\nd$1 = a great deal ( m5tal confusion exi/s 9 reg>d to x4 ,two inconsi/5t views ( ! "w ( ! *ur*1 z well z ( ! con/itution ( ! *ur*1 h come d[n ! ages toge!r & exi/ side by side 9 ! _w to-day4 ,! fir/ is t ! *ief bus9ess ( ! *ur* is to snat* m5 z br&s f ! burn+ & get !m ready = a future heav54 ,! ,fall !ory has _h mu* to d ) ?is4 ,! assumption beh9d x is1 z we h se51 t ! _w is a ,city ( ,de/ruction1 z ,bunyan calls x4 ,x is a ru9$ _w1 a _w :i* has someh[ baffl$ & disappo9t$ ,god1 a failure ( a _w :i*1 :5 ! cup ( its iniquity is full1 w be utt]ly de/roy$ z a g5]al judgm5t4 ,:5 t dreadful day comes x w be bad = all ^? :o are outside ! fell[%ip ( ,*ri/1 =1 l ^? :o h di$ )\t avail+ !mselves ( ! means ( salvation1 !y w be relegat$ to ev]la/+ torm5t 9 ! _w unse54 ,?is view ( ! fate ( ! _w z be+ at enmity ) ,god1 & ( ! duty ( ! *ur* to p]suade z _m z possible to believe some?+ or o!r 9 ord] to secure salvation 9 a future & bett] _w1 has be5 held by sac]dotali/s & non-sac]dotali/s1 ,ca?olics & ,prote/ants alike4 ,x is /ill impli$ 9 mo/ ( our prea*+ & 9 ! hymns we s+4 ,i admit t !re is a c]ta9 tru? 9 x1 ! tru? t man is con/itut$ = immortality & ought n to live z if ?is _w 7 all t matt]$4 ,b on ! :ole1 x has be5 ?or\ghly mis*iev\s1 & !re is no?+ :i* is act+ z a great] h9drance to ! spirituality & usefulness ( ! *ur*es to-day4 ,x is bas$ on an entirely false idea z to ! relation ( ,god & ! _w4 ,to save ! _w4--,b alongside ( ?is view a f> high] & nobl] "o has be5 pres5t to ! m9ds ( ,*ri/ians 9 e c5tury1 namely1 t ! "w ( ! *ur* is to save ! _w & to believe t x is wor? ! sav+4 ,if :at ,i h already said be true1 ?is is ! idea :i* 0 9 ! m9d ( ,jesus :5 ,he f\nd$ ,8 ecclesia4 ,to ,him ! purpose ( ! ecclesia 0 to help to realise ! k+dom ( ,god by prea*+ & liv+ ! fell[%ip ( love4 ,ev] s9ce ,8 day ^? :o h be5 ne>e/ to ,him 9 _s h be5 go+ =? into ! d>k places ( ! e>? try+ to w9 m5 to ! realisation ( ! great ideal ( a univ]sal fell[%ip ( love bas$ on a common relation%ip to ! ,god & ,fa!r ( u all4 ,?is is :at ,augu/9e aim$ at 9 8 ,city ( ,god4 ,x 0 :at ,ambrose _h 9 m9d :5 he excommunicat$ ! emp]or ,!odosius = hav+ ord]$ a cruel massacre ( "s ( 8 rebelli\s subjects4 ,x 0 ! ideal ( ! mighty ,hildebr&1 grim & arrogant ?\gh he 01 :5 he compell$ pr9ces to b[ _! haughty necks & d ju/ice to ! weak4 ,x 0 :at ,b]n>d ( ,clairvaux meant to decl>e :5 he defi$ ! cruel & s5sual k+ ( ,france to approa* ! alt> ( ,*ri/4 ,savon>ola realis$ x = a brief mom5t 9 ,flor5ce1 ,calv9 9 ,g5eva1 ! ,cov5ant]s 9 ,scotl&1 ! ,puritans 9 ,engl&1 ! ,pilgrim ,fa!rs 9 ,am]ica4 ,!y all fail$ because ! _w c nev] be sav$ by ! imposition ( ideal in/itutions f )\t & by =ce2 x c only be by ! _s ( ,*ri/ work+ f )94 ,b to "s ext5t !y all succe$$1 too1 = ! _w is a bett] place to live 9 because ( ! gradual & cumulative r$emptive ef=t ( ! ,*ri/ian ecclesia1 ! ,*ur* ( ,jesus4 ,on ! o!r side ( ! l$g] we h to set _m ?+s t ecclesia/icism has done1--cruel p]secutions1 infam\s tortures1 burn+s & massacres1 deva/at+ w>s1 & fi]ce religi\s hatr$s4 ,b ^! ?+s h nev] belong$ to ,jesus2 !y are ! v negation ( ,8 _s4 ,! true *ur* ( ,*ri/ 9 any & e age consi/s ( ^? & ^? only :o are try+ l _! ,ma/] to make ! _w bett] & gladd] & wor?i] ( ,god4 ,! ^w *ur* has become s hateful to _m because ( ! admixture ( o!r ideals ) ?is t ,i sometimes wi% some?+ c\ld be done ei!r to get rid ( x or to *ange x = ano!r :i* %all fully & cle>ly express :at ,jesus really came to d4 ,i ma9ta9 t ! *ur* has no?+ :atev] to d ) prep>+ m5 = a _w to come2 ! be/ way to prep>e a man = ! _w beyond is to get him to live well & truly 9 ?is "o4 ,! *ur* exi/s to make ! _w a k+dom ( ,god1 & to fill x ) ,8 love4 ,no great] mi/ake c\ld be made ?an to e/imate ! *ur* ( ,jesus by ecclesia/ical squabbles & divisions1 or ev5 by ,psalm-s++ & g-to-meet+ talk4 ,look = ! _s ( ,jesus at "w1 & y h f\nd ! *ur* too4 ,mod]n indu/rialism & ! *ur*4--,judg$ by ?is /&>d :]e are ! *ur*es to-day8 ,we h se5 t ! only gospel :i* ,jesus _h to prea* 0 ! gospel ( ! k+dom ( ,god2 ev]y?+ ,he ev] said c be includ$ "u t head4 ,8 ,*ur*1 or ,*ri/ian society1 or :atev] else we l to call x1 has no mean+ unless x exi/s = ! realisation ( ! k+dom ( ,god4 ,we _c /ate ?is too /rongly4 ,! :ole ( ! o!r-worldism ( ! *ur*es1 ! elaborate p>aph]nalia ( doctr9e & obs]vance1 is utt]ly useless & worse ?an useless unless x m9i/]s to ?is end4 ,unless x c be %[n t ,i am wrong 9 ?is supposition--& ,i ?9k t w be pretty h>d to d--a fairly good case c\ld be made out = burn+ d[n mo/ ( ! !ological colleges 9 ! l& & s5d+ ! bright "y fell[s 9 !m to d "s s]i\s "w = ! common good4 ,= x mu/ be confess$1 z ,i said at ! beg9n+1 t ! *ur*es are to a l>ge ext5t a failure4 ,we _c b recognise1 = "o ?+1 t our mod]n civilisation1 ) all its boa/$ advance on ! pa/1 is /ill un-,*ri/ian4 ,x puts a premium ^u selfi%ness4 ,mod]n indu/rialism is cruel & unju/ & directly incites m5 to self-seek+4 ,! weak & un=tunate h to g to ! wall2 little m]cy is %[n to ! man :o is n /rong en\gh to fight 8 way & keep 8 foot+ 9 ! /ruggle = exi/5ce4 ,we are all ! "t mak+ w> ^u "o ano!r1--man aga9/ man1 bus9ess aga9/ bus9ess1 class aga9/ class1 nation aga9/ nation4 ,we talk ( our fre$om1 b no man is really free1 & ! great majority ( u are slaves to "s corporation1 or capitali/1 or condition ( ?+s1 :i* r5d]s ! great] "p ( life a cont9u\s anxiety le/ heal? or means %\ld fail & we %\ld prove unequal to ! dem&s made ^u u4 ,if a man goes "u1 8 acqua9tances w pity him = five m9utes & !n =get all ab\t him4 ,!re is no help = x2 !y _c d any?+ else1 !y h _! own liv+ to get4 ,!y are l soldi]s 9 ! heat ( battle2 !y mu/ n pause to m\rn ov] a fall5 comrade or !y may soon be /ret*$ beside him4 ,i d n mean1 ( c\rse1 to make ! fooli% /atem5t t pres5t-day indu/rialism is unre/ra9$ly individuali/ic3 ?ank ,god x is n t4 ,b ! pr9ciple ( competition /ill ex]cises a sway s pot5t z to /amp mod]n social organisation z un-,*ri/ian4 ,we may j z well recognise t fact & /ate x pla9ly4 ,! gl>+ly unequal own]%ip ( mat]ial weal? is anti-social2 x is good nei!r = ! ri* man nor = ! poor1 = x is to ! int]e/ ( e man t ! body politic %\ld be heal?y & happy4 ,t s l>ge a numb] ( our total population %\ld h to exi/ ^u ! v m>g9 ( subsi/5ce is a moral wrong4 ,we h no bus9ess to h any slums1 or sweat+ d5s1 or able-bodi$ unemploy$1 or paup]s4 ,pov]ty1 dulness ( bra91 & co>s5ess ( habit are (t5 f\nd 9 close association4 ,"s am\nt ( mat]ial end[m5t is requir$ ev5 = ! developm5t ( ! intellig5ce & ! tra9+ ( ! moral faculties4 ,weal? possesses no value 9 itself2 x only possesses value z a means to m abundant life4 ,if !re is "o ?+ ^u :i* ,*ri/ianity insi/s m ?an ano!r1 x is ! duty ( c>+ = ! weak & s9ful1 b at pres5t ?is duty is only recognis$ to a v limit$ ext5t4 ,*ri/ianity & ,collectivism4--,9 :at ,i am n[ say+ ,i am well aw>e t ,i h come to a phase ( my subject :i* ?\s&s ( my c\ntrym5 are /at+ s cle>ly & =cibly z to compel att5tion2 b :at ,i want to %[ is t ! pres5t unideal condition ( ! civilis$ _w is an indictm5t ( ! *ur*es & _! conv5tional doctr9es4 ,we seem to h =gott5 our orig94 ,i h long felt1 z ,i suppose e ,*ri/ian m9i/] mu/ feel1 ! antagonism betwe5 ! ,*ri/ian /&>d ( conduct & t requir$ 9 ord9>y bus9ess life4 ,!re is no bl9k+ ! fact t ! /&>d ( ,*ri/ & ! /&>d ( ! comm]cial _w are n ! same4 ,our "w is to make !m ! same1 & to t end we mu/ de/roy ! social sy/em :i* makes selfi%ness ! rule & compels a man to act ^u 8 l[] motives1 & we mu/ put a bett] 9 its place4 ,we mu/ e/abli% a social ord] :]e9 a man c be free to be 8 be/1 & to give 8 be/ to ! community )\t cru%+ or de/roy+ anyone else4 ,9 a ^w we want ,collectivism 9 ! place ( competition2 we want ! k+dom ( ,god4 ,*>ity is no rem$y = our social ills & _! moral outcome2 ! only rem$y is a new social organisation on a ,*ri/ian basis4 ,i d n believe t any =m ( ,collectivism1 z a m]e sy/em sup]pos$ f )\t1 c ev] really make ! _w happy2 x mu/ be ! expression ( ! _s ( bro!rhood work+ f )94 ,nei!r d ,i feel mu* fai? 9 any sudd5 & cataclysmic re=mation ( society4 ,! hi/ory ( ,*ri/5dom proves t no in/itution c be mu* 9 advance ( human nature & survive4 ,cov5ant]s & ,puritans f\nd t out :5 !y tri$ to make m5 godly by ,act ( ,p>liam5t2 ,savon>ola f\nd x out :5 ! wild passions ( ! ,flor5t9es1 re/ra9$ = a brief h\r1 broke _! *a9s & de/roy$ him2 ! ,*ri/ians ( ,new ,te/am5t times f\nd x out :5 _! beautiful exp]im5t ( social bro!rhood came to an end 9 ! horror & d>kness ( ! break-up ( ,jewi% national life4 ,b at lea/ we c recognise ! pres5ce ( ! guid+ ,_s ( ,god 9 all our social conc]ns & "w along ) x = ! realisation ( ! ideal ( univ]sal bro!rhood4 ,we c %[ m5 :at ,jesus really came to d1 &1 z ,8 s]vants1 we c help ,him to d x4 ,we c def9itely recognise t ! movem5t t[>d social reg5]ation is really & truly a spiritual movem5t1 & t x mu/ nev] be captur$ by mat]ialism4 ,i deplore ! fact t1 = ! mom5t1 ! ma9 curr5t ( ! great ,lab\r movem5t :i*1 p]haps m ?an any o!r1 repres5ts ! social application ( ! ,*ri/ian ideal1 %\ld appe> to be out ( t\* ) organis$ religion4 ,?is _c cont9ue1 = ,i obs]ve t ! m5 :o lead x are m5 ( moral passion1 & (t5 m5 ( simple religi\s fai?4 ,x c\ld h>dly be o!rwise4 ,x seems to me 9 ! nature ( ?+s impossible to su/a9 a belief 9 ! moral ideal )\t "s k9d ( belief 9 ,god1 & assur$ly ,god is ) ^! m5 9 ! "w !y are do+ & h yet to d4 ,9 fact1 ! ,lab\r ,p>ty is itself a ,*ur*1 9 ! s5se 9 :i* t ^w 0 orig9ally us$1 = x repres5ts ! gett+-toge!r ( ^? :o want to br+ ab\t ! k+dom ( ,god4 ,! ,new ,!ology & ,collectivism4--,! ,new ,!ology1 z ,i und]/& x1 is ! !ology ( ?is movem5t1 :e!r ! movem5t kn[s x or n1 = x is ess5tially ! gospel ( ! k+dom ( ,god4 ,no less] !ology c consi/5tly claim to be ?is2 sy/ems ( belief :i* are weight$ by dogmatic consid]ations h n & _c h ! same p[] ( appeal4 ,?is high]1 wid] tru?1 :i* sweeps away ! mis*iev\s accretions :i* h made religion di/a/eful to ! masses1 is religi\s articulation ( ! movem5t t[>d an ideal social ord]4 ,?is fact ought to be realis$ & br\ght home to ! consci\sness ( ! e>ne/ m5 :o are lab\r+ to r$eem ,engl& & ! _w f ! p[] ( all t tortures & degrades humanity & /ifles or de/roys its be/ life4 ,?is1 !n1 is ! mission ( ! ,new ,!ology4 ,x is to bright5 & keep burn+ ! flame ( ! spiritual ideal 9 ! mid/ ( ! mighty social movem5t :i* is n[ 9 progress4 ,x is ours to see ,god 9 x & help mank9d to see ,him too4 ,x is ours to %[ :at ! gospel really is & has be5 f ! fir/4 ,we %all n suff] ! _w any long] to believe t ,*ri/ianity & dogma mean ! same ?+4 ,our bus9ess is to %[ t ! religion ( ,jesus is prim>ily a gospel = ?is life & only second>ily = ! life to come4 ,we h to demon/rate t mat]ial ?+s h spiritual mean+s1 & t weal? has value only z x m9i/]s to s\l p[]4 ,we h to make cle> to ! _w t ! reason :y we want to lift any man up & give him a *ance ( a bett] & happi] life "h is because he has an immortal de/9y & mu/ make a beg9n+ some:]e if he is to rea* ! /ature ( ! p]fect man at la/4 ,we believe t fai? is ! "o indisp5sable qualification = ?is "w1 z = any "w t is wor? ! do+1 or ev] has be5 wor? ! do+1 9 ! hi/ory ( mank9d4 ,x is ! victory t ov]come? ! _w4 ,,*apt] ,,xiv ,,conclusion ,a p]sonal ^w4--,! task :i* has occupi$ ! great] "p ( my w9t] re/+ "t has n[ be5 accompli%$1 z f> z opportunity af=ds4 ,:at has be5 said 9 ^! pages is no m ?an an outl9e /atem5t ( ! tea*+ :i* has be5 giv5 f ! ,city ,temple pulpit ev] s9ce ,i came into x4 ,!re is n a s+le ?\ght 9 ?is book ) :i* my own p are n already q famili>1 & *apt] & v]se = x c be produc$ f my publi%$ s]mons :i* h be5 appe>+ week by week = ye>s pa/ 9 ! ,*ri/ian ,commonweal? & o!r p]iodicals4 ,if space _h p]mitt$1 ,i %\ld l to h said mu* m1 = necess>ily _m phases ( ! subject h _h to be left unt\*$2 x has only be5 possible to deal ) ^? ( fundam5tal importance4 ,= example1 ,i %\ld l to h includ$ "s exam9ation ( ! great "q ( ,miracles1 ! place ( ,pray] 9 ,*ri/ian exp]i5ce1 & ! value & significance ( ,biblical ,criticism4 ,b z x has n be5 possible to d ?is ,i mu/ add a ^w or two to indicate my position 9 reg>d to ^! matt]s4 ,miracle4--,x seems probable t be=e long we %all see a rehabilitation ( belief 9 ! cr$ibility ( c]ta9 k9ds ( miracle1 & t ?is rehabilitation w proce$ f ! side ( psy*ical sci5ce4 ,already !re are signs t ?is rehabilitation is on ! way4 ,! p[] ( m9d ov] matt] is be+ recognis$ = !rapeutic purposes1 = in/ance1 9 a way hi!rto undream$ (1 & is receiv+ a l>ge & increas+ measure ( att5tion f ! m$ical pr(ession4 ,?is appe>s to me to ?r[ a consid]able am\nt ( light ^u ! heal+ m9i/ry ( ,jesus1 :i*1 z ! late ,pr(essor ,a4 ,b4 ,bruce has po9t$ out1 re/s ^u z good hi/orical gr\nd z ! be/-accr$it$ p>ts ( ! tea*+4 ,giv5 a "t & a m5tal atmosph]e 9 :i* m5 expect$ miracles ( ?is sort1 & giv5 a p]sonality ( su* wond]ful magnetic =ce z t ( ,jesus1 su* miracles w\ld be sure to happ54 ,t !y did n happ5 ap>t f su* conditions is evid5t f su* h9ts z ! /atem5t t1 ,he c\ld d no mighty works !re because ( _! unbelief4 ,!re are o!r k9ds ( miracle record$ 9 scripture :i* are n s easily cr$ible1 b ,i am n always prep>$ to bru% !m aside z m]e *ildi% fancies4 ,z a rule x w be f\nd t !y belong to ! poetry ( religi\s exp]i5ce1 & t "s valuable tru? is conta9$ 9 ?is p>ticul> =m ( /atem5t4 ,to ?is ord] belong ! acc\nts ab\t ! horses & *>iots ( fire on ! hillside r\nd ab\t ,eli%a1 ! :irlw9d 9 :i* ,elijah asc5d$ to heav51 & ,jesus walk+ on ! sea4 ,^! acc\nts are =ms 9 :i* ! ori5tal imag9ation is1 ev5 to-day1 wont to clo! tru?s too great = prosaic /atem5t2 !y are poetry1 n hi/ory1 & ! we/]n m9d ought to make all[ance = ! fact4 ,sometimes we c disc]n 9 scripture records ( an ev5t1 :i* to ! /olid we/]n imag9ation seems utt]ly incr$ible1 a g5u9e hi/orical tru?4 ,su*1 = in/ance1 are ! passage ( ! ,r$ ,sea--a /irr+ & dramatic incid5t1 ?or\ghly well told--& ,jo%ua comm&+ ! sun & moon to /& /ill4 ,9 ! latt] case we h two l9es ( poetry f a book :i* has be5 lo/1 & a comp>ison ) simil> poetry 9 almo/ any lit]ature gives u a clew to its mean+4 ,! poet repres5ts ! old w>rior z decl>+ 9 magnific5t /yle t ! sun ( ,israel %all n g d[n1 & t day & night %all be alike to him until h] enemies are discomfit$4 ,any read] ) a %r$ ( sympa!tic imag9ation ought to be able to feel ! =ce ( ! s5tim5t :i* provok$ ?is utt]ance )\t ei!r accept+ or reject+ x z a lit]al /atem5t ( fact2 ! be/ ?+s :i* h be5 writt5 9 ! books ( ! _w are seldom lit]al & exact /atem5ts ( fact4 ,x has be5 well po9t$ out t my? & leg5d are tru] ?an hi/ory1 = !y take u to ! inside ( ?+s1 :]eas hi/ory only %[s u ! outside4 ,pray]4--,pray] is a vital necessity to religi\s exp]i5ce1 & )\t x no religi\s exp]i5ce has ev] exi/$ or ev] c4 ,x is n prim>ily petition b communion ) ,god4 ,our int]c\rse ) our fri5ds does n *iefly consi/ 9 ask+ !m = ?+s6 ,b :5 communion does become petition1 !re is a real place = x z well z = ! answ] to su* pray]4 ,x is n too mu* to say t no true pray] has ev] gone )\t its answ]4 ,?is is q consi/5t ) ! ass]tion t pray] does n *ange ,god2 x only af=ds ,him opportunity4 ,x is impossible to improve on :at ,god already desires = u be=e we pray1 b ^u our pray] dep5ds ! realisation ( t desire4 ,ev]y?+ t ! s\l c possibly ne$ is pres5t be=eh& 9 ! et]nal reality1 & ! pray] ( fai? is l go+ into a treasure-h\se & br++ =? f :at is conta9$ !re9 all t ! s\l ne$s day by day4 ,pray]1 !re=e1 _c be too def9ite1 b x %\ld be z unselfi% z ! wor%ipp] c make x 9 ord] t ! highe/ c op]ate 9 response4 ,! same law holds good 9 ?is z 9 all o!r activities ( ! s\l2 selfi%ness draws away f ! s\rce ( life1 :]eas love is in/antly at "o ) inf9ity4 ,i "q :e!r _m p realise ! enorm\s value ( def9ite & sy/ematic pray]2 x is ! secret ( all spiritual p[]4 ,ev]y?+ t we c possibly want is wait+ = u 9 ! b\nty ( ,god1 & :at we h to d is to g & take x4 ,believe t ye h receiv$ !m & ye %all h !m4 ,! ,bible & ! "y4--,"o ?+ t urg5tly ne$s to be done = ! "y p 9 our ,sunday-s*ools & v>i\s ,*ri/ian societies all ov] ! _w is to issue a s]ies ( well-writt5 popul> manuals pres5t+ 9 succ9ct =m ! be/ results ( ,biblical ,criticism4 ,! way ! ,bible is taught to "y p at pres5t is mo/ regrettable1 = 9 aft] ye>s x leads !m to d\bt & di/ru/ ! v f\ndations ( ,*ri/ianity4 ,if ! tea*]s only _h a little m intellig5t acqua9tance ) ! s\rces ( ! scriptures1 ?is dang] w\ld be avoid$ & ! ,bible w\ld become a f> m int]e/+ & helpful book bo? to "y & old4 ,at pres5t x is int]pret$ by _m p 9 a way :i* is an insult to ! intellig5ce & h>mful to ! moral s5se4 ,w anyone s]i\sly ma9ta9 t ! trick]ies ( ,jacob & ! but*]ies foll[+ ! ,israeliti% invasion ( ,canaan1 n to speak ( ! obsc5ities :i* are to be f\nd 9 s _m p>ts ( ! ,old ,te/am5t1 are heal?y read+ = *ildr5 or a m>k ( div9e inspiration8 ,is x n "t we adopt$ ! m excell5t way ( fac+ ! tru? ab\t ! ,bible records & pres5t+ :at is valuable 9 su* a way z to help & n to h9d] ! gr[? ( a true k ( ! relations ( ,god & man8 ,9 conclusion1 let me say emphatically t no "o b myself is responsible = a s+le ^w 9 ?is book4 ,among ! _m wild & unju/ criticisms :i* h be5 publi%$ conc]n+ my views1 none is wid] ( ! m>k ?an t ,i h borr[$ f ?is man or t 9 my /atem5t ( !m4 ,i am n consci\s ( ow+ a sc9tilla ( my !ology to any liv+ man4 ,9 s f> z x co9cides ) anyone else's views ,i am ?ankful1 = x %[s t ! same et]nal ,_s ( ,tru? is speak+ to o!rs ?an myself4 ,b ,i hope ,i may be p]mitt$ to say ) due humility t 9 ?9k+ out my position1 ,i conf]r$ n ) fle% & blood4 ,p]haps "s p w ma9ta9 t ?is makes my tea*+ all ! worse1 b if s ,i _c help x4 ,x c h>dly be d5i$ t 9 its ma9 be>+1 to say no m1 x is se5 to be ris+ spontane\sly 9 e "p ( ! civilis$ _w4 ,aga91 no ?9k] c ev] succe$ 9 completely clos+ ! circle ( 8 sy/em ( ?\ght1 & ,i _c claim to be an exception4 ,b ,i tru/ x w be se5 t :at is conta9$ 9 ?is book is at lea/ a self-consi/5t :ole3 e arc ( ! circle implies e o!r4 ,x only rema9s to reit]ate my conviction t ! movem5t repres5t$ by ! ,new ,!ology is only incid5tally !ological at all2 x is prim>ily a moral & spiritual movem5t4 ,x is "o symptom ( a great religi\s awak5+ :i* 9 ! end w re-inspire civilisation ) a liv+ fai? 9 ,god & ! spiritual mean+ ( life4 ,if :at ,i am try+ to d c contribute 9 any way t[>d ?is gr& result1 ,i %all be humbly ?ankful to ! ,giv] ( all good4