,transcriber's ,note  ,on page #c ,left 
was changed to ,page #b because of the  
e-text format4 ,on pages #e and #h a    
registered symbol is represented by     
registered4        ,,ibm #adja          
,programming ,systems     ,p    ,,pr    
,,pro ,,systems    ,,prog ,,ystems      
,,progr ,,stems    ,,progra ,,tems      
,,program ,,ems    ,,programm ,,ms      
,,programmi ,s    ,,programmin          
,,programming  ,illustration     ,when  
companies order an ,,ibm #adja ,data    
,processing ,system1 methods-programming
 staffs are given the responsibility of 
translating the requirements of         
management into finished applications4  
#adja ,programming ,systems are helping 
cut the costs of getting the computer   
into operation by simplifying and       
expediting the work of these methods    
staffs4  ,modern1 high-speed computers1 
such as the #adja1 are marvelous        
electronic instruments1 but they        
represent only portions of data         
processing systems4 ,well-tested        

programming languages for communication 
with computers must accompany the       
systems4 ,it is through these languages 
that the computer itself is used to     
perform many of the tedious functions   
that the programmer would otherwise have
 to perform4 ,a few minutes of computer 
time in translating the program can be  
equal to many1 many hours of staff time 
in writing instructions coded in the    
language of the computer4  ,the         
combination of a modern computer plus   
modern programming languages is the key 
to profitable data processing4 ,this    
brochure explains modern ,,ibm          
,programming ,languages and their       
significance to management4  ,page #b3  
,here an operator points to machine     
language instructions for a new         
application being generated by the #adja
 system on the #adjc high-speed printer4
 ,statements about the application which
 were written by the programmer are     
being translated internally to          
machine-coded language4   ,what ,is ,a  

#adja ,program8  ,a program is a series 
of instructions that direct the #adja as
 it solves an application4   ,what ,is  
,a ,stored ,program ,machine8  ,a stored
 program machine is one which stores its
 own instructions in magnetic form and  
is capable of acting on those           
instructions to complete the application
 assigned4 ,the #adja uses a stored     
program4   ,what ,are #adja ,programming
 ,systems8  ,there are two types3 7#a7  
,systems that provide the programmer    
with a simplified vocabulary of         
statements to use in writing programs1  
and 7#b7 ,pre-written programs1 which   
take care of many of the everyday       
operations of the #adja4   ,what #adja  
,programming ,systems ,mean ,to         
,management3  ,,increased ,,programming 
,,efficiency  ,programmers can          
concentrate on the application and      
results rather than on a multitude of   
bookkeeping functions1 such as keeping  
track of storage locations4  ,,faster   
,,translation ,,of ,,management         

,,requirements ,,into ,,usable ,,results
  ,simplified programming routines allow
 programmers to write more instructions 
in less time4  ,,shorter ,,training     
,,periods  ,programmers use a language  
more familiar to them rather than having
 to learn detailed machine codes4       
,,reduced ,,programming ,,costs  ,many  
pre-written programs are supplied by    
,,ibm1 eliminating necessity of         
customers' staffs writing their own4    
,,more ,,available #adja ,,time         
,pre-written programs have already been 
tested by ,,ibm1 reducing tedious       
checking operations on the computer4    
,,easier ,,to ,,understand ,,programs   
,programs are written in symbolic or    
application-oriented form instead of    
computer language4 ,this enables        
management to communicate more easily   
with the programming staff4  ,,faster   
,,reports ,,on ,,operations  ,routines  
such as those designed for report       
writing permit faster translation of    
management requirements into usable     

information4     ,,ibm ,programming     
,systems3  ,symbolic ,programming       
,systems  ,these systems permit programs
 to be written using meaningful names   
7symbols7 rather than actual machine    
language4  ,autocoder  ,this is an      
advanced symbolic programming system4   
,it allows generation of multiple       
machine instructions from one source    
statement1 free-form coding1 and an     
automatic assembly process through      
magnetic tape4  ,,cobol  ,,cobol is a   
problem-oriented programming language   
for commercial applications4,a ,,cobol  
permits a programmer to use language    
based on ,english words and phrases in  
describing an application4              
,input_/,output ,control ,system  ,this 
system provides the programmer with a   
packaged means of accomplishing input   
and output requirements4  ,utility      
,programs  ,these are pre-written       
instructions to perform many of the     
everyday operations of an installation4 
,subroutines  ,these are routines for   

multiplication1 division1 dozens        
conversion1 and program error detection 
aids4  ,tape ,utilities  ,these are     
generalized instructions1 particularly  
useful to #adja customers who also use  
larger data processing systems4 ,they   
facilitate the transfer of data between 
,,ibm cards1 magnetic tapes1 and        
printers4 ,they also provide for some   
#adja processing while the transfer of  
data is taking place4  ,tape ,sort      
,programs  ,data can be sorted and      
classified at high speed for further    
processing by use of these generalized  
sorting routines4  ,report ,program     
,generator  ,the programmer uses        
simplified1 descriptive language with   
which he is already familiar to obtain  
reports swiftly and efficiently4        
,,fortran 7,contraction of ,,formula    
,,translator7  ,engineers and           
mathematicians state problems in        
familiar algebraic language for solution
 by the computer4  ,,ramacregistered    
,file ,organization  ,routines are      

supplied for simplifying organization of
 records for storage in the #adja       
,random ,access ,file4  ,here's how one 
of the #adja programming                
systems--,report ,program               
,generator--works to increase           
programming efficiency  #adja computers 
produce important reports for management
 in record time because of their        
outstanding processing and printing     
abilities4 ,in addition to this rapid   
machine processing of input data used in
 reports1 still more speed is achieved  
by the rapid preparation of programs to 
produce the reports4 ,this is possible  
because of the ,,ibm ,report ,program   
,generator1 a unique system which       
permits programs to be created with a   
minimum of time and effort4  ,this      
example illustrates how the ,report     
,program ,generator simplifies the      
preparation of one part of an ,expense  
,distribution ,report 7,the ,major      
,total ,line73  ,illustration  ,without 
the ,report ,program ,generator1 the    

program to get the ,major ,total ,line  
would be written out in detail1 step by 
step3  ,illustration  ,but with the     
,report ,program ,generator1 all the    
programmer has to write are these two   
statements3  ,illustration  ,it's just  
as easy to write the statements to      
generate the rest of the report6 ,the   
#adja itself does the work of converting
 the programmers' statements into the   
detailed instructions4 ,the ,report     
,program ,generator is an example of    
what ,,ibm ,programming ,systems can    
accomplish4  ,with ,,ibm you can be     
certain of total systems support for    
maximum profitability4     ,,ibm        
registered   ,stands ,for ,service      
,service that begins long before the    
delivery of a computer 444 and continues
 in depth long after4 ,service that has 
been proven by years of data processing 
experience4   ,new ,,ibm ,services      
include3  ,programmed ,applications     
,library  ,pre-tested computer programs 
designed to handle various major data   

processing functions common to firms    
within a specific industry4             
,programming ,systems ,support  ,to keep
 customers up-to-date on the            
availability and use of all new         
programming systems4  ,to assist the    
,,ibm programming staff in reflecting   
customer requirements in the            
specification of new programming        
systems4   ,other services available to 
every ,,ibm customer3  ,program ,library
  ,a library of #adja programs will be  
established to aid all #adja customers  
in solving specific applications1       
scientific as well as commercial4 ,these
 will include programs written by       
customers and programs written by ,,ibm4
  ,schools and ,seminars  ,executive    
schools for management personnel4       
,programming schools for methods        
personnel4  ,industry seminars where    
customers meet to discuss subjects of   
common interest4  ,branch ,offices      
,more than #bjj branch offices serve    
customer needs promptly and efficiently4

  ,sales and ,systems ,representatives  
,experienced1 highly trained individuals
 work with customers in applying ,,ibm  
methods to their requirements4  ,these  
are just a few of the many ,,ibm        
services4 ,your ,,ibm ,sales            
,representative will be pleased to      
discuss all of them with you4           
,international ,business ,machines      
,corporation ,data ,processing          
,division1 #aab ,east ,post ,road ,white
 ,plains1 ,new ,york  ,footnote ,a3     
,,cobol specifications were developed by
 the ,conference on ,data ,systems      
,languages1 a voluntary cooperative     
effort of users1 and manufacturers of   
data processing systems4