,note3 ,images ( ! orig9al pages are    
available ?r\gh       ,int]net ,ar*ive4 
,see                                    
http3_/_/www4ar*ive4org_/details_/,,mn#d
adacucmf#e      ,a ,,t\r ,,( ,,!        
,,missions  ,obs]vations & ,conclusions 
by  ,,augu/us ,,hopk9s ,,/rong1 ,d4,d41 
,,ll4,d41 ,litt4,d4  ,presid5t ,em]itus 
( ! ,ro*e/] ,!ological ,sem9>y  ,au?or (
 ,sy/ematic ,!ology1 ,philosophy &      
,religion1 ,*ri/ 9 ,creation1           
,miscellanies1 ,*apel-,talks1 ,lectures 
on ! ,books ( ! ,new ,te/am5t1 ,! ,great
 ,poets & ,_! ,!ology1 ,am]ican ,poets &
 ,_! ,!ology        ,philadelphia ,!    
,griffi? & ,r[l& ,press ,bo/on ,*icago  
,/4 ,l\is ,new ,york ,los ,angeles      
,toronto ,w9nipeg ,,mcmxviii            
,copyright1 #aiah1 by ,guy ,c4 ,lamson1 
,secret>y ,publi%$ ,m>*1 #aiah     ,a   
,,p]sonal ,,=eword   ,! =ty ye>s ( my   
presid5cy & tea*+ 9 ! ,ro*e/] ,!ological
 ,sem9>y h be5 rew>d$ by ! k t m ?an a  
hundr$ ( my pupils h become mission>ies 
9 hea!n l&s4 ,= _m ye>s ^! =m] /ud5ts h 

be5 urg+ me to visit !m4 ,until rec5tly 
sem9>y sessions & lit]>y "w h prev5t$   
acceptance ( _! invitations4 ,:5 ,i laid
 d[n my (ficial duties1 two alt]natives 
pres5t$ !mselves3 ,i c\ld sit d[n & read
 ?r\gh ! new ,encyclopdia ,britannica1  
or ,i c\ld g r\nd ! _w4 ,a fri5d sugge/$
 t ,i might comb9e ^! s*emes4 ,!        
publi%]s provide a felt-l9$ trunk to    
hold ! encyclopdia3 ,i c\ld read x1 &   
circumnavigate ! globe at ! same "t4    
,?is proposition1 h[ev]1 _h an air (    
cumbr\sness4 ,i conclud$ to take my wife
 z my encyclopdia in/ead ( ! books1 &   
?is seem$ ! m rational s9ce %e _h1 sev5 
or eight ye>s be=e1 made ! same t\r ( ! 
missions :i* ,i _h 9 m9d4 ,to h] !re=e a
 l>ge "p ( ! in=mation 9 ! foll[+ pages 
is due1 = 9 all my j\rney %e 0 my guide1
 philosoph]1 & fri5d4  ,our t\r w\ld n h
 cov]$ s mu* gr\nd nor h be5 s cr[d$ )  
incid5ts ( int]e/1 if x _h n be5 = !    
=esight & assi/ance ( ! ,rev]5d ,l\is   
,agassiz ,g\ld4 ,he 0 a /ud5t 9 our     
sem9>y =ty ye>s ago1 & aft] 8 graduation

 he became a mission>y to ,*9a4 ,?\gh 8 
"w abroad la/$ only a decade1 8 int]e/ 9
 missions has nev] ceas$1 & he is an    
au?ority ) reg>d to _! hi/ory & _!      
me?ods4 ,i 0 =tunate 9 secur+ him z my  
c\ri]1 secret>y1 & typewrit]1 & 8       
companion%ip enliv5$ our table int]c\rse
 & our social life4 ,b he 0 b\nd t we   
%\ld see all t !re 0 to be se54 ,)\t my 
k he wrote ahead to all ! missions :i*  
we 7 to visit1 & ! result 0 almo/ z if a
 delegation ) brass b& met u at e       
/ation4 ,we 7 sight-see+ all day1 &     
travel+ 9 sleep+-c>s all night4 ,?\gh ,i
 _h notifi$ ! public t ,i c\ld prea* no 
m s]mons & make no m addresses1 ,i 0    
summon$ be=e ne>ly e *ur*1 s*ool1 &     
college t we visit$1 & fifty or sixty   
extemporiz$ talks 7 extort$ f me1 mo/ ( 
!m int]pret$ to ! audi5ce by a pa/or or 
tea*]4 ,my lett]s to home fri5ds 7 (t5  
writt5 on ! plat=ms ( railway /ations   
:ile we 7 wait+ = our tra9s1 & aft] six 
mon?s ( ^! exhau/+ labors ,i /ill       
surviv$4  ,^! prelim9>y rem>ks are      

int5d$ to prep>e ! read] = a f9al       
/atem5t1 namely1 t ! pap]s :i* foll[ 7  
writt5 ) no ?\ght ( publication4 ,!y 7  
simply a record ( travel1 set d[n ea*   
week1 = ! in=mation ( relatives &       
fri5ds4 ,i h be5 urg$ to give !m a wid] 
circulation by putt+ !m into pr9t4 ,9   
do+ ?is ,i h add$ "s reflections :i*1 = 
sub/ance1 7 also writt5 at int]vals on  
my j\rney1 & ^!1 ) sundry em5dations &  
omissions1 ,i h call$ my ,conclusions4  
,i submit bo? ,obs]vations &            
,conclusions to ! judgm5t ( my read]s1 9
 hope t my ,t\r ( ! ,missions may lead  
o!r & m compet5t obs]v]s to appreciate !
 wond]ful attractions & ! immeasurable  
ne$s ( ,ori5tal l&s4  ,i _c close ?is   
p]sonal =eword )\t express+ to my =m]   
/ud5ts & ! _m fri5ds :o s hospitably    
ent]ta9$ u on our j\rney1 my undy+ s5se 
( _! great k9dness1 & my hope t betwe5 !
 l9es ( my descriptions ( :at ,i saw !y 
w discov] my e>ne/ desire to s]ve !     
cause ( ,*ri/ & 8 tru?1 ev5 ?\gh my     
impressions may at times result f my own

 %ort-sight$ness & ignorance4 ,only :at 
,i h c ,i give4  ,augu/us ,h4 ,/rong4   
,ro*e/]1 ,augu/ #c1 #aiag4              
,,cont5ts         ,i4  ,a ,,week ,,9    
,,japan                                 
#a-aa              ,an ocean truly      
pacific br+s u to a ra9y ,japan         
#c              ,! novel & ! picturesque
 m+le 9 our fir/               views (  
,yokohama                               
#c              ,visit to ! palace ( a  
,japanese millionaire            #d     
,a museum ( ,japanese art & a unique    
ent]ta9m5t      #d              ,our    
ho/1 an or?odox ,%9to & ,buddhi/        
#e              ,conf]5ce ( mission>ies 
& _! native help]s      #e              
,! pa/or ( ! ,tokyo *ur* invites u to   
8 home                                  
#e              ,reception at ! ,wom5's 
,college ( ,japan1 & an                 
address !re                             
#e              ,a di/+ui%$ company (   
educators at d9n]           #f          
,we give a d9n] to ,ro*e/] m5 & _! wives

        #g              ,a good specim5 
( mission>y hil>ity &                   
fell[%ip                                
#g              ,! temple ( ,kamakura & 
its great bronze ,buddha       #g       
,! temple ( ,ha*iman1 ! god ( w>        
#h              ,supplem5t$ by ! temple 
( ,kwannon1 !               goddess (   
m]cy                                    
#h              ,japan enri*$ by        
manufacture ( munitions               #h
              ,a native ,*ri/ian *ur* & 
pa/or at ,kanagawa         #i           
,immorality1 ! curse ( ,japan1 %[s its  
ne$ (               ,*ri/ianity         
#aj              ,wond]s ( its ,inl&    
,sea1 & great gifts ( its               
p                                       
#aj        ,,ii4  ,a ,,week-,,end ,,9   
,,*9a                                   
#ac-bb              ,hongkong1 wond]ful 
= situation & = trade         #ae       
,swat[1 & our arrival !re               
#ae              ,*9ese cu/oms1 &       
,engli% collection ( !m         #af     

,! mission comp\nd ( ,swat[1 "o ( our   
noble/      #af              ,dr4       
,william ,a%more1 & 8 organiz+ "w       
#ag              ,william ,a%more1 8    
son1 & 8 ,bible translations    #ag     
,a great ,sunday s]vice 9 a native ,new 
,te/am5t               *ur*             
#ah              ,! f>-rea*+ influ5ce ( 
?is mission1 mann$               by _m  
,ro*e/] graduates                       
#ah              ,our exp$ition to      
,*ao-yang1 to see ! he>t (              
,*9a                                    
#ah              ,triumphal entry into t
 city ( ?ree hundr$               ?\s&  
inhabitants                             
#ai              ,impress$ by ! va/ness 
( its hea!n population     #bj          
,mr4 ,groesbeck1 ! only m9i/] to its    
ne$s           #ba              ,an     
address to ! /ud5ts ( 8 s*ool           
#ba              ,a great procession    
conducts u to our /eam] at              
,swat[                                  
#ba              ,%all we be sav$ if we 

d n give ! gospel to               !    
hea!n8                                  
#bb       ,,iii4  ,,manila1 ,,s+apore1  
,,& ,,p5ang                             
#bc-cb              ,a ,yell[ ,sea1 &   
:ite g>m5ts                        #be  
,am]ican ent]prise has trans=m$ ,manila 
#be              ,filip9os n yet ready =
 complete               self-gov]nm5t   
#bf              ,visit to ,admiral     
,dewey's l&+-place1 & also to           
,=t ,mc,kinley                          
#bf              ,! int]d5om9ational    
!ological sem9>y &               its    
influ5ce                                
#bf              ,pr9t$ & spok5 ,engli% 
is sup]s$+ native               dialects
                                        
#bg              ,s+apore1 "o ( ! _w's  
greate/ ports               ( entry     
#bg              ,briti% propose to hold
 x1 9 spite ( native               unre/
                                        
#bg              ,het]og5e\s population 
makes ,engli% ! only                    

language = its s*ools                   
#bh              ,g]mans /ir up a       
conspiracy1 b x is nipp$ 9              
! bud                                   
#bh              ,briti% /eam] to       
,p5ang1 an old b safe me?od             
( conveyance                            
#bh              ,kuala ,lumpur1 !      
capital ( ! ,malay ,conf$]at$           
,/ates                                  
#bi              ,p5ang furni%es u ) a  
great ,*9ese fun]al        #bi          
,its imm5se prep>ation & co/ %[ wor%ip (
               ance/ors                 
#bi              ,m\rn]s 9 :ite1 ) b&s (
 hir$ wail]s          #ca               
,glorification ( man1 b no confession ( 
s9 or               recognition ( ,*ri/ 
#cb        ,,iv4  ,,?ree ,,weeks ,,9    
,,burma                                 
#cc-df              ,burma1 ! l& (      
pagodas                              #ce
              ,! ,%we ,dagon ( ,rangoon 
is ! greate/ (               ^!         
#ce              ,its imm5se ext5t &    

spl5dor                         #ce     
,! religion ( ,burma is ,buddhism1 a    
religion (               m]it1 s call$  
#cf              ,pagoda-build+ 9       
,burma1 coeval )                        
ca!dral-build+ 9 ,europe                
#cf              ,! desolation 9 :i* _m 
pagodas /& %[s               ,god's     
judgm5t on ,buddhism                    
#cf              ,burma is consecrat$ by
 ! "w ( ,adoniram               ,judson1
 & 8 suff]+s                            
#cg              ,our visit to          
,aungb9le1 & pray] on ! site (          
,judson's prison                        
#cg              ,met & ent]ta9$ by     
mission>ies1 our =m]                    
pupils                                  
#cg              ,fruitful ,burma & its 
,buddhism attracts                      
fam9e-/rick5 ,india ) its ,h9duism      
#ch              ,bapti/ missions 9     
,burma ant$ate & excel bo?              
,romani/ & ,anglican                    
#dj              ,f> out/ripp+ ^! 9 !   

numb] & influ5ce               ( conv]ts
                                        
#dj              ,! "w ( our collegiate 
& o!r s*ools is               mo/       
enc\rag+                                
#da              ,! ,bapti/ ,college at 
,rangoon & ! !ological                  
sem9>ies at ,inse9                      
#db              ,! lieut5ant gov]nor   
invites u to meet ,"l                   
,*elms=d1 vic]oy ( ,india1 at           
aft]noon-tea        #dd              ,a 
royal reception1 ) great conglom]ate (  
races     #dd              ,a           
demon/ration ( loyalty to ! ,briti%     
,cr[n         #de              ,! d9n] (
 our ,ro*e/] m5 at ! h\se (             
,rev4 ,mr4 ,s+is]1 includ+              
repres5tatives (               !        
,mission ,press & ! ,bapti/ ,college    
#de              ,our f9al reception at 
,dr4 ,d4 ,w4 ,a4 ,smi?'s1 on            
,mrs4 ,smi?'s bir?day                   
#df         ,v4  ,,m&alay ,,& ,,gauhati 
#dg-ef              ,m&alay1 9 ,burma1 !

 type ( ,buddhism2 ,gauhati1            
9 ,assam1 ! type ( ,h9duism             
#di              ,visits to ,maulma9 &  
,basse91 9 ,burma1 prec$$               
bo? ^!                                  
#di              ,k+ ,!baw's palace1 at 
,m&alay1 a =tress built                 
:olly ( wood                            
#ej              ,! ,hill ( ,m&alay &   
its pagoda1 f\r pagodas               9 
"o                                      
#ej              ,we asc5d eight hundr$ 
/eps by tak+ extemporiz$                
s$an-*airs                              
#ea              ,f\r successive plat=ms
 & f\r images ( ,buddha     #ea         
,waxwork figures at ! top depict !      
vanity ( life    #eb              ,!    
,ku?odaw 9 ! pla9 bel[ se5 f ?is        
height                                  
#eb              ,f\r hundr$ & fifty    
pagodas 9 "o1 ea* )               its   
,buddha & 8 law engrav$ on /one         
#eb              ,! desc5t f ,m&alay    
,hill m haz>d\s               ?an !     

asc5t                                   
#ec              ,buddhism comp>$ ) !   
religion ( ,*ri/           #ec          
,gauhati1 ! capital ( ,assam1 has also  
its temple               on a hill      
#ed              ,?is temple illu/rates 
,h9duism z ,m&alay                      
illu/rates ,buddhism                    
#ed              ,its immoral cult      
claims to h an immoral orig9            
9 ! wife ( ! god ,siva                  
#ed              ,its prie/esses a s\rce
 ( corruption to !               ,briti%
 college & ! :ole c\ntry                
#ee              ,va9 attempts to       
int]pret ,h9du my? & wor%ip             
symbolically                            
#ee              ,! ne$ ( ,*ri/ian tea*+
 z to s9 &               atonem5t       
#ef        ,,vi4  ,,calcutta1 ,,d>jeel+1
 ,,& ,,b5>es                      #eg-fd
              ,calcutta1 ! l>ge/ city ( 
,india1 s nam$ f               ,kali1   
goddess-wife ( ,siva1 ! ,de/roy]        
#ei              ,! temple ( ,kali1 its 

prie/esses & its wor%ip1                
an infam\s illu/ration ( ,h9duism       
#ei              ,! temple ( ! ,ja9s    
repres5ts ,h9duism some:at              
re=m$                                   
#fj              ,! real glory (        
,calcutta is its relation to            
mod]n missions                          
#fj              ,! "w ( ,william ,c>ey1
 & 8 college &               tomb at    
,s]ampore                               
#fj              ,our ride nor?w>d to   
,d>jeel+1 & our view (               !  
,himalayas                              
#fa              ,a temple ( ,tibetan   
,buddhi/s on our m\nt (                 
obs]vation                              
#fa              ,b5>es1 ! ,mecca &     
,j]usalem ( ! ,h9dus          #fb       
,a hotb$ ( sup]/ition & devotion        
#fb              ,its ,gold5 ,temple1   
its ba?+ ghats & burn+                  
ghats on ! sacr$ ,ganges                
#fb              ,our voyage (          
inspection 9 ! e>ly morn+           #fc 

,?\s&s ba?+ & dr9k+ 9 ! same muddy      
/ream                                   
#fc              ,smallpox & plague 9   
we/]n l&s trac$ back               to   
?is putrid riv]                         
#fd              ,"s ( ! temples h      
toppl$ ov]1 be+ built               on  
s& in/ead ( rock                        
#fd       ,,vii4  ,,luckn[1 ,,agra1 ,,& 
,,delhi                                 
#fe-gf              ,on ,mohamm$an      
gr\nd1 & ! sc5e ( !               great 
mut9y                                   
#fg              ,elem5ts ( tru? 9 !    
,moslem fai? make missions              
m difficult                             
#fg              ,! def5se ( ,luckn[1 "o
 (1 ! mo/ h]oic               & ?rill+ 9
 hi/ory                              #fg
              ,! only flag 9 ! ,briti%  
,empire t nev]               comes d[n  
at night                                
#fh              ,engli% missions &     
education are gu>anties (               
p]man5t ,briti% rule 9 ,india           

#fi              ,! ,isabella ,?oburn   
,college1 "u ,me?odi/                   
control                                 
#fi              ,we see ! mango trick  
"u favorable               circum/ances 
#gj              ,agra1 & ! ,taj ,mahal1
 a wond] ( ! _w1               se5 bo?  
at sunrise & at sunset                  
#gj              ,! ,pe>l ,mosque & !   
,jasm9e ,t[]1 surr\nd$               &  
protect$ by ! ,=t                       
#ga              ,a fl[]+ out ( art1 l t
 (               ca!dral-build+ 9 ,engl&
                         #gb            
,moslem ar*itects design$ l ,titans1 &  
f9i%$ l jewel]s                         
#gb              ,delhi1 ! capital (    
,india be=e ! reign               (     
,akb>                                   
#gb              ,! ,briti% respect     
anci5t tradition by                     
transf]r+ _! c5tral gov]nm5t f          
,calcutta to ,delhi                     
#gc              ,! progress ( ,india "u
 ,briti% rule 9 !               la/     

fifty ye>s                              
#gc              ,indian unre/ due 9 "p 
to ,engli% mi/akes 9                    
educational policy                      
#gd              ,! ,friday pray] s]vice
 9 ! great mosque (               ,delhi
                                        
#ge      ,,viii4  ,,jaipur1 ,,mt4 ,,abu1
 ,,& ,,ahm$abad                         
#gg-hg              ,! native /ates (   
,india di/+ui%$ f !                     
presid5cies & ! prov9ces                
#gi              ,_! self-gov]nm5t a    
rew>d ( loyalty 9 !               mut9y 
#gi              ,! rajas influ5c$ by   
,we/]n ?\ght                 #gi        
,jaipur1 ! capital ( a native /ate1     
call$ ,!               ,p9k ,city       
#hj              ,a rose-r$ city1 half z
 old z ,"t                  #ha         
,! mah>aja's t[n-palace & a/ronomical   
obs]vatory                              
#ha              ,a visit to ,amb]1 !   
orig9al metropolis1 & 8                 
summ] resid5ce                          

#ha              ,an elephant ride up ! 
hill :ile hang+ ov] !                   
precipice                               
#hb              ,! road to ,mt4 ,abu1 a
 wond]ful piece (               eng9e]+ 
#hd              ,we rea* ,dilw>ra1 !   
greate/ temple ( ! ,ja9s     #hd        
,_! re=m$ ,buddhism recognizes ,buddha z
               only "o ( _m inc>nations 
#he              ,! temple is almo/ a   
miracle ( art1 &                        
illu/rates ! g5ius ( ! ,ea/             
#he              ,ahm$abad1 a uniquely  
prosp]\s manufactur+               &    
comm]cial city                          
#hf              ,factories ne$$ by     
,india m ?an f>ms               #hf     
,missions ne$ employm5t = conv]ts1 to   
save               !m f fam9e           
#hf        ,,ix4  ,,bombay1 ,,k$gaon1   
,,& ,,madras                            
#hi-ii              ,bombay1 second 9   
population 9 ! ,indian ,empire       #ia
              ,h9dus outnumb] ,moslems &
 ,p>sees                    #ia         

,! ,caves ( ,elephanta1 excavat$ 9 honor
 (               ,siva1 god (           
reproduction z well z (                 
de/ruction                              
#ia              ,8 temple a ca!dral1   
hewn inside ( a m\nta9       #ib        
,! l+am1 or phallus1 gigantic1 c>v$ out 
(               /one1 9 ! inn]mo/ %r9e  
#ic              ,its wor%ip a          
deification ( man's bas] in/9cts        
#ic              ,! ,t[]s ( ,sil5ce     
repres5t ,p>seeism               #ic    
,! dead are expos$ 9 !m to be dev\r$ by 
vultures                                
#ic              ,con/ruction ( ! t[]s &
 details (               ! process      
#ic              ,comp>$ ) ,*ri/ian     
burial 9 hope (                         
resurrection                            
#id              ,k$gaon1 a happy       
contra/ & relief                    #id 
,! c5t] ( ! "w ( ,pundita ,ramabai      
#id              ,! /ory ( h] life a    
romantic & ?rill+ "o      #id           
,! pitiable condition ( *ild-wid[s 9    

,india               t\*es h] he>t      
#ie              ,9 "t ( fam9e %e       
furni%es a refuge = two                 
?\s& f\r hundr$ ( !m                    
#ie              ,! wond]s ( h] plant1 9
 s*ools1 hospital1               pr9t+  
(fice1 factory1 & f>m                   
#if              ,a great s*ol> ( !     
,brahman ca/e1 %e is                    
recogniz$ z ! mo/ influ5tial woman 9    
,india     #if              ,madras1 !  
?ird l>ge/ ,indian city1 gives u our    
fir/ tropical heat                      
#ig              ,a c5t] ( mission "w = 
! ,telugus & _!               tribal    
conv]sion                               
#ig              ,new ,ye>'s ,day       
reception at ,"l ,p5tl&'s1 !            
gov]nor ( ! ,madras ,presid5cy          
#ih              ,foll[$ by a reception 
f ! ,ro*e/] m51               my =m]    
pupils                                  
#ii         ,x4  ,,! ,,telugu ,,mission 
#aja-aac              ,madras1 next to  
,calcutta & ,bombay 9 ?rift &           

importance                              
#ajc              ,bapti/s h done mo/ = 
! ,telugus1 z                           
,congregationali/s mo/ = ! ,tamils      
#ajc              ,/ati/ics ( our       
mission are mo/ enc\rag+         #ajc   
,self-gov]nm5t1 self-support1           
self-propagation1               require 
"t                                      
#ajd              ,conf]5ce at ! h\se ( 
,doctor ,f]guson br+s                   
toge!r m5 f f\r sep>ate fields          
#ajd              ,! !ological sem9>y at
 ,ramapatnam1 9 *>ge               (    
,doctor ,he9ri*s                        
#aje              ,our reception by     
tea*]s & /ud5ts1 & value               (
 _! "w                                  
#aje              ,ongole & ! "w (      
,doctor ,bak]1 ! successor              
( ,doctor ,cl\gh                        
#ajg              ,lay+ ! corn]-/one (  
gateway to ! new               hospital 
#ajg              ,c\ntry t\r into !    
he>t ( ,telugu-l&1 &                    

op5-air prea*+ to ! natives             
#ajg              ,vellumpilly1 :]e     
#b1bbb 7 baptiz$1 & ,sunset             
,hill1 :]e ,doctor ,jewett pray$        
#aji              ,kavali1 & ! "w ( ,mr4
 ,bawd5 = a h]$it>y                     
crim9al class                           
#aaj              ,indu/rial education  
side by side ) moral &                  
religi\s                                
#aaj              ,nellore1 our fir/    
p]man5t /ation 9 ,s\? ,india    #aaa    
,its high s*ool1 "u ,rev4 ,l4 ,c4 ,smi?2
 its               hospital1 & its      
nurses' tra9+-s*ool            #aab     
,mr4 ,ru!r=d1 successor to ,dr4 ,david  
,d[nie1               & ,mr4 ,smi?--all 
( !m ,ro*e/] m5             #aab        
,,xi4  ,,! ,,dravidian ,,temples        
#aae-abd              ,! ,dravidians are
 ! aborig9es ( ,india             #aag  
,! ,aryan conqu]ors appropriat$ _! gods1
 &               ,siva m>ri$ ,kali      
#aag              ,massiv5ess & va/ness 
*>act]ize _!               temples1 b   

also ,ori5tal imag9ation &              
inv5tion                                
#aah              ,! temple at ,tanjore1
 ) its c\rt eight hundr$                
by f\r hundr$ feet                      
#aah              ,its multitude (      
*apels1 ea* ) its image 9               
/one ( ! l+am1 or phallus               
#aai              ,its c5tral image ( a 
bull1 ! favorite animal (               
,siva                                   
#aai              ,its t[]1 or gopura1  
is ! gr&e/ 9 ,india         #aai        
,its sculptures ( gods & goddesses      
wond]fully               reali/ic       
#aai              ,its appurt5ances     
tawdry1 *ildi%1 & immoral        #abj   
,yet ,tanjore 0 ! home1 & is ! tomb1 (  
,s*w>tz1 ! fir/ ,engli% mission>y to    
,india      #abj              ,! raja's 
libr>y ( ,ori5tal manuscripts           
#aba              ,madura1 ! c5t] (     
,dravidian wor%ip1 "o                   
hundr$ miles f>!r s\?                   
#aba              ,temple built ab\t two

 great %r9es = ! god               ,siva
 & 8 wife ,m9ak%i                       
#aba              ,five great pyramidal 
t[]s & a c\rt eight               hundr$
 & ?irty by sev5 hundr$ & ?irty feet    
#aba              ,! ,gold5 ,lily ,tank1
 & ,! ,hall ( a               ,?\s&     
,pill>s                                 
#abb              ,d>k alcoves & a      
fe/ival night1 ! acme (                 
,h9du religion                          
#abb              ,! palace ( ,tirumala 
& 8 ,teppa ,kulam tank1               "o
 ?\s& feet on ea* side                  
#abc              ,! noble/ sight (     
,madura is its ,am]ican                 
,congregational ,mission                
#abc              ,"u ,dr4 ,j4 ,x4      
,mill]1 its s*ools & sem9>ies           
are revolutioniz+ s\!rn ,india          
#abd       ,,xii4  ,,two ,,weeks ,,9    
,,ceylon                                
#abe-ace              ,ceylon n a "p (  
,india1 b a ,cr[n ,colony (             
,brita9                                 

#abg              ,colombo1 a ,european 
city1 & ,engli% ! be/                   
means ( communication                   
#abg              ,buddhism1 cr[d$ out (
 ,india1 made its way                   
s\?w>d                                  
#abg              ,a sacr$ too? (       
,buddha is pres]v$ at ,k&y         #abg 
,wesleyan ,me?odi/ ,college & ,engli%   
,bapti/               ,college at       
,colombo                                
#abh              ,! ,an&a ,college1 a  
!osophical in/itution1                  
unfavorable to ,*ri/ianity              
#abh              ,a refuge 9 ,nurw>a   
,eliya1 six ?\s& two hundr$             
feet above ! sea                        
#abi              ,switz]l& )\t its     
rugg$ness1 & t]races (                  
tea-plants l9+ ! approa*es ?i!r         
#abi              ,=e/s ( rubb] make a  
sea ( v]dure                #acj        
,! ,mission>y ,re/-h\se at ,k&y         
#aca              ,! fam\s ,buddhi/     
temple1 & its ev5+ wor%ip    #aca       

,its libr>y ! only sign ( intellig5ce   
#aca              ,*ur* ( ! ,engli%     
,bapti/s welcomes u             #acb    
,! botanical g>d5s1 wond]ful = _! v>iety
               ( products               
#acb              ,anurajahpura & its   
ru9$ pagoda1 a solid conical            
mass ( brick                            
#acc              ,"o ?\s& six hundr$   
pill>s ( /one1 !                        
f\ndations ( an anci5t mona/]y          
#acc              ,cremation ( a        
,buddhi/ prie/1 & our reception         
by ! high prie/ ( ! rema9+ temple       
#acd      ,,xiii4  ,,java ,,& ,,buddhism
                                        
#acg-adf              ,java1 ! jewel ( !
 ,dut* ,cr[n1 has                       
?irty-five millions ( p                 
#aci              ,! culture sy/em makes
 x imm5sely productive     #aci         
,mi/akes ( ,holl& 9 matt]s ( gov]nm5t & 
education                               
#adj              ,a back-bone (        
volcanic m\nta9s furni%es               

unsurpass$ railway views                
#adj              ,endless fields ( rice
 & sug>-cane on hillside               &
 pla9                                   
#ada              ,a passionate p reveal
 !mselves 9 _!               music1 _!  
%ad[-dances1 _! use ( !                 
,malay dagg]                            
#ada              ,! new policy ( !     
,dut* gov]nm5t %[n 9               !    
botanical g>d5s                         
#adb              ,m sci5tific &        
practical ?an ^? ( ,ceylon1             
!y m9i/] to all ! _w                    
#adb              ,doctor ,lov9k1 ,dut* 
m9i/] ( agriculture1                    
conducts u                              
#adc              ,! temple ( ,boro     
,budor1 re/or$ aft] ru91 !              
greate/ wond] ( ,java                   
#adc              ,five times z great z 
any ,engli% ca!dral           #adc      
,sculptures 9 alto-relievo t w\ld /ret* 
?ree               miles                
#add              ,a picture-gall]y ( ! 

life ( ,buddha                #add      
,buddhism has no p]sonal or liv+ ,god1 &
 no               atonem5t = s9         
#ade              ,boro ,budor1 sl[ly   
dis9tegrat+1 has no p[] to              
combat ei!r ,mohamm$anism or ,*ri/ianity
          #ade       ,,xiv4  ,,!        
,,r5aissance ,,9 ,,india                
#adg-afa              ,?is essay1 a     
summ>y ( ! book ( ,pr(essor             
,&rews1 =m]ly ( ,delhi1 n[ associat$ )  
,sir ,rab9drana? ,tagore                
#adi              ,b ) additions &      
conclusions ( my own           #adi     
,! ,r5aissance 9 ,europe ne$$ a         
,re=mation               to supplem5t x1
 & a simil> r5aissance 9                
,india requires a simil> re=mation      
#aej              ,hi/ory ( religi\s    
sy/ems 9 ,india beg9s )               ! 
,rig-,v$a1 & is foll[$ by ! ,upani%ads  
#aeb              ,h9du inc>nations are 
n p]man5t1 & !               ,trimurti  
is n ! ,*ri/ian ,tr9ity                 
#aec              ,! ,kri%na ( !        

,puranas is a model ( !                 
wor/ =ms ( vice                         
#aed              ,deification ( ,god's 
works fixes ! di/9ctions (              
ca/e1 & ! degradation ( woman           
#aed              ,*ri/ianity is ne$$ to
 unite ! ,h9du & !               ,moslem
                                        
#aee              ,signs ( an approa*+  
re=mation 9 ! weak5+               (    
class b>ri]s & ! spiritual int]pretation
               ( ! old religions        
#aef              ,! ,brahmo-,somaj & ! 
,arya-,samaj aim to               br+   
,h9duism back to ! /&>ds ( !            
,v$as                                   
#aeh              ,! ,alig>h ,movem5t   
among ! ,mohamm$ans1               & !  
,alig>h ,college 9 ,delhi               
#aeh              ,swami ,vivekan&a1 & 8
 d5ial t m5 are               s9n]s     
#aei              ,! ,!osophical        
,society & ,mrs4 ,besant1 a             
h9drance to missions                    
#afj              ,ju/ice ,r5ade1 9 8   

social re=m movem5t1 sees               
9 ,*ri/ianity ! "o fai? :i* c unite all 
races & all religions 9 ,india          
#afj              ,9 ,*ri/ alone        
,india's r5aissance c become a          
complete re=mation                      
#afa        ,,xv4  ,,missions ,,&       
,,scripture                             
#afc-agh              ,"s critics d5y   
,jesus' au?or%ip ( ! ,great             
,commission                             
#afe              ,we mu/ exam9e !      
hi/orical me?od1 s call$     #afe       
,z (t5 employ$1 x is inductive b n      
d$uctive1               horizontal b n  
v]tical                          #aff   
,d$uction f ,god's exi/5ce normally     
insures               acceptance ( ,*ri/
                                 #afh   
,d$uction f ,*ri/'s exi/5ce normally    
insures               acceptance (      
,scripture                              
#afi              ,scripture is ! voice 
& revelation ( ! et]nal                 
,*ri/                                   

#afi              ,! exclusively        
inductive process is n truly            
hi/orical                               
#agj              ,bo? ,paul & ,pet]    
ga9$ _! !ology by               d$uction
                                        
#aga              ,s9ce exp]i5ce ( s9 & 
( ,*ri/ is k1               x is mat]ial
 = sci5ce                           #agc
              ,! et]nal ,*ri/ gu>antees 
to u ! unity (               ,scripture 
#agd              ,also ! suffici5cy (  
,scripture                    #age      
,also ! au?ority ( ,scripture           
#agf              ,! hi/orical me?od1 z 
ord9>ily employ$1               proce$s 
& ends )\t ,*ri/                        
#agg              ,x !re=e treats       
,scripture z a man-made book1           
& d5ies its unity1 suffici5cy1 &        
au?ority     #agg              ,x sees 9
 ! ,bible n an organism1 pulsat+ )      
div9e life1 b only a cong]ies ( e>?-born
               fragm5ts                 
#agg       ,,xvi4  ,,scripture ,,&      

,,missions                              
#agi-aih              ,! hi/orical me?od
 f9ds 9 ,psalm #aaj only                
human au?or%ip                          
#aha              ,& contradicts ,*ri/  
himself by d5y+ !               ref]5ce 
9 ! psalm to him                        
#ahb              ,a docum5t c h m ?an  
"o au?or1 %[n               9 art z well
 z lit]ature                            
#ahc              ,pr$ictions ( ,*ri/ 9 
! ,old ,te/am5t               conv9c$   
unbeliev+ ,jews                         
#ahd              ,! hi/orical me?od    
f9ds no pr$iction (               ,*ri/ 
9 ,isaiah1 & s contradicts ,john        
#ahd              ,effect ( ?is me?od ^u
 ! int]pretation               ( ! ,new 
,te/am5t                                
#ahe              ,x gives u no         
assurance ( ,*ri/'s deity1 &            
ignores ,old ,te/am5t pro(s t he is     
,prophet1               ,prie/1 & ,k+   
#ahe              ,value ( ! hi/orical  
me?od :5 n exclusively                  

inductive                               
#ahf              ,effect ( ?is me?od1 z
 (t5 employ$1 ^u               sy/ematic
 !ology                                 
#ahg              ,if ,scripture has no 
unity1 no sy/ematic !ology              
is possible                             
#ahg              ,unit>ian ackn[l$gm5t 
t its s*ools h no               !ology  
at all                                  
#ahi              ,effect ( ?is me?od ^u
 our !ological               sem9>ies to
 s5d out dissem9ators ( d\bts       #ahi
              ,effect ( ?is me?od ^u !  
*ur*es ( our               d5om9ation to
 de/roy all reason = _!                 
exi/5ce                                 
#aia              ,effect ( ?is me?od ^u
 missions to sup]s$e                    
evangelism by education & to lose all   
dynamic               bo? abroad & at   
home                              #aic  
,?is me?od 0 made 9 ,g]many1 & mu/ be   
oppos$ z we oppose arbitr>y =ce 9       
gov]nm5t   #aie              ,! rem$y is

 a spiritual com+ ( ,*ri/ 9 !           
he>ts ( 8 p                             
#aig      ,,xvii4  ,,! ,,!ology ,,(     
,,missions                              
#aii-bab              ,is man's religi\s
 nature only a capacity =               
religion8                               
#bja              ,! w is nev] passive1 
! c&le is always               burn+    
#bja              ,moslem & ,h9du alike 
%[ bo? good & bad               elem5ts 
9 _! wor%ip                             
#bja              ,"h & !re are seek]s  
aft] ,god1 & su* are               sav$ 
?r\gh ,*ri/1 ?\gh !y h n yet            
he>d 8 "n                               
#bjb              ,fir/ *apt] ( ,romans 
gives u ! be/ philosophy               (
 hea!nism                               
#bjc              ,hea!nism1 ! result ( 
an abnormal & d[nw>d                    
evolution                               
#bjd              ,! et]nal ,*ri/       
conducts an evolution ( !               
:eat1 side by side ) ,satan's evolution 

( !               t>es                  
#bjd              ,all ! good 9 hea!n   
sy/ems is ! "w (               ,*ri/1 & 
we may utilize _! gra9s ( tru?     #bje 
,illu/rat$ 9 ,h9du inc>nations & ,moslem
 fai?               9 ,god's unity &    
p]sonality                       #bje   
,*ri/ alone is our ,peace1 & he alone c 
unite               ! w>r+ elem5ts (    
humanity                     #bjf       
,a moral z well z a doctr9al !ology is  
ne$$ 9               hea!ndom           
#bjh              ,b ext]nal re=ms )\t  
reg5]ation c               nev] br+ 9 ! 
k+dom ( ,god                    #bji    
,! hi/ory ( missions proves t he>t mu/  
prec$e intellect1 motive mu/ accompany  
example     #baj              ,! love ( 
,*ri/ :o di$ = u is ! only              
con/ra9+ p[]                            
#baj              ,only 8 deity &       
atonem5t furni% ! dynamic               
( missions                              
#baa     ,,xviii4  ,,missions ,,&       
,,mission>ies                           

#bac-bbc              ,mission>y "w     
results 9 a heal?y gr[? (             ! 
work]                                   
#bae              ,! successful         
mission>y mu/ be an all-r\nd man        
#bae              ,he secures a tra9+   
beyond t ( any univ]sity                
c\rse                                   
#baf              ,t tra9+ is spiritual 
z well z intellectual     #baf          
,x t5ds to make him doctr9ally s\nd z to
               ,*ri/'s deity & atonem5t 
#bag              ,or conv9ces him t he 
has no prop] place on a                 
mission field                           
#bah              ,a valuable lesson =  
our societies & *ur*es at               
home                                    
#bah              ,new ,te/am5t polity1 
z well z doctr9e1 is te/$               
by missions                             
#bai              ,our mission *ur*es   
are becom+ models (                     
self-support1 self-gov]nm5t1 &          
self-propagation                        

#bai              ,! physical environm5t
 ( ! mission>y ne$s               to be 
c>$ =                                   
#bai              ,! l>ge h\se1 _m      
s]vants1 & an automobile1               
are great & almo/ necess>y helps        
#bbj              ,all ^! c be obta9$   
*eaply1 & %\ld be               provid$ 
#bbj              ,o!r d5om9ations      
furni% bett] equipm5t ?an               
ours                                    
#bbj              ,yet ! days (         
mission>y h>d%ip are well-nigh          
pa/                                     
#bba              ,mission>y trials are 
ma9ly social & spiritual2               
& !re are en\gh ( ^!                    
#bba              ,b fai?ful "w1 9 spite
 ( hope def]r$1 w               be      
rew>d$ at la/                           
#bbb     ,i  ,a ,,week ,,9 ,,japan   ,! 
,pacific ,ocean 0 v k9d to u1 = x answ]$
 to its "n1 & 0 pacific beyond all our  
expectations4 ,sixte5 days ( smoo? seas 
& lovely wea!r br\ght u by way (        

,honolulu to ,yokohama4 ,only ! la/ day 
( our voyage 0 d>k & ra9y4 ,b ?\gh ! ra9
 cont9u$ aft] our l&+1 ,japan 0         
picturesque4 ,on f\r out ( our six days 
we drove ab\t1 %ut up 9 wat]-tight      
buggies call$ rick%aws4 ,!y 7 l         
"o-hoss-%ays1 ?r\gh ^: front w9d[s (    
is+lass we look$ out ^u ! b>e legs ( our
 eng9e] & conductor1 :o took ! place ( !
 horse = tw5ty-five c5ts an h\r4  ,!re 7
 o!r sights on ^! ra9y days--endless    
processions ( slip%od m5 on wood5 clogs1
 clatt]+ _! way ?r\gh ! n>r[ /reets1    
:ile !y protect$ !mselves f ! wat]y     
d[np\r by flat oil-pap] umbrellas2 o!r  
/rong-limb$ m5 act+ z :eel-horses to    
draw or pu% incr$ible weights ( lumb]2 &
 sav+ !mselves f ! wet by bu%y coats (  
/raw t made !m look l porcup9es2 wom51  
little & big1 c>ry+ babies on _! backs1 
occasionally a girl1 ag$ any:]e f f\r to
 eight1 load$ ) a baby ag$ two2 %ops1   
%ops1 %ops1 "o-/ori$1 arti/ic1 fanta/ic1
 ) signs on :i* ,ah ,s+ & ,ah ,tong h   
m+l$ ,*9ese *>act]s & ,engli%1 & :i*    

in=m y t ! proprietors c furni% y ) !   
sake ( ,japan or ! gasol9e ( ! ,/&>d    
,oil ,company2 ^! ?+s conv9ce y t y are 
9 ! mid/ ( a cr[d$ population /ruggl+ = 
subsi/5ce & ready to "w1 a population ( 
inexhau/ible vitality & ent]prise4  ,our
 fir/ ra9y day 0 di/+ui%$ by a visit to 
! palatial mansion ( a ,japanese        
millionaire4 ,mr4 ,asano1 ! ,presid5t ( 
! ,/eam%ip ,company t br\ght u ?i!r1 _h 
invit$ ! :ole lot ( fir/-class pass5g]s 
to aft]noon tea at 8 h\se 9 ,tokyo4 ,t  
h\se is a v]itable museum ( ,japanese   
art4 ,x rem9d$ u ( ! collections ( ,mr4 
,j4 ,pi]pont ,morgan4 ,!re 0 a great    
ret9ue ( s]vants1 & we 7 escort$ ^u     
arrival to "o ( ! topmo/ rooms1 :]e we 7
 s]v$ ) tea & pres5t$ ) symbolic cakes  
by a doz5 gorge\sly b$eck$ "y girls1 :o 
prov$ to be ! *ildr5 & gr&*ildr5 ( our  
ho/4 ,?is1 h[ev]1 0 only a prep>atory   
welcome1 = x 0 foll[$ by ! real         
reception 9 a great audi5ce-room bel[1  
:]e ,mr4 & ,mrs4 ,asano1 toge!r ) _!    
elde/ son & daught]1 gave u cordial     

greet+s4 ,a c\ple ( hundr$ ( our fell[  
pass5g]s 7 ga!r$ !re & 7 p>tak+ ( light 
refre%m5ts1 ) cl>et1 tea1 & m9]al wat]s1
 :ile an exp]t ,japanese juggl] amus$ !m
 ) 8 feats ( sleight ( h&4 ,! tape/ries 
& pa9t+s ( ?is h\se 7 exquisite products
 ( ta/e & skill1 & ! total effect 0 t ( 
great weal? accompani$ by true love = ! 
beautiful4 ,b x 0 ! mansion ( an or?odox
 ,%9to & ,buddhi/1 = 9 e l>ge room !re 0
 an alcove ) ! sitt+ figure ( a bronze  
,buddha4  ,a m di/9ctly ,*ri/ian        
ent]ta9m5t = t same ra9y day 0 our      
reception by ! ,conf]5ce ( ,bapti/      
mission>ies & work]s at ! new ,tab]nacle
 9 ,tokyo4 ,!y _h be5 call$ to meet     
,doctor ,frankl9 & ,doctor ,&]son1 :o _h
 be5 s5t by our ,=eign ,mission>y       
,society to consult ) !m z to our       
educational policy 9 ,japan4 ,we rea*$ !
 ,conf]5ce on its la/ day ( meet+1 & we 
_h a mo/ valu$ opportunity ( obs]v+ its 
me?od ( proc$ure4 ,half ( ^? pres5t 7   
,japanese work]s :o did n und]/&        
,engli%1 & x 0 a new exp]i5ce to address

 !m :5 e ^w _h to be int]pret$4 ,!      
social int]c\rse t foll[$ 0 delightful1 
= x enabl$ u to greet our =m] pupils 9  
consid]able numb]s4 ,we !n took lun* at 
! h\se ( ,doctor ,axl+1 ! pa/or ( !     
,tokyo *ur*1 :ile ,doctor ,t5ny is      
,presid5t ( ! ,!ological ,sem9>y4 ,!    
little ,japanese mission>y home1 ) its  
t9y seclud$ g>d51 its pap] p>titions1 & 
its m+l$ rem9d]s ( an ,am]ican h\sehold1
 7 ?+s long to be rememb]$4 ,n less to  
be not$ 0 ! gratitude = our visit :i* 0 
%[n by our ho/s4 ,we _h reg>d$ ourselves
 z ! p]sons honor$ & ent]ta9$4 ,we le>n$
 t mission>ies 9 a hea!n l& wond]fully  
appreciate ! sight & ! companion%ip (   
fri5ds f _! di/ant home4  ,ev5 m        
unexpect$ 0 our reception at ! ,wom5's  
,college ( ,japan4 ,s9ce ,i _h be5 m ?an
 ?irty ye>s a tru/ee ( ,vass> ,college1 
& = "s ye>s *airman ( its bo>d (        
tru/ees1 ,mrs4 ,/rong & ,i 7 ! gue/s (  
honor1 & ,i 0 ! fir/ speak] call$ ^u4   
,be=e me 7 five hundr$ "y wom5 9 m somb]
 dress ?an prevails at ,vass>4 ,all rose

 to welcome me at ! beg9n+ ( my address1
 & all rose aga9 to ?ank me at its      
conclusion4 ,mo/ ( ^! /ud5ts und]/ood   
only ,japanese & ne$$ an int]pret]4     
,doctor ,zumoto1 ! accompli%$ editor ( !
 ,japanese ,h]ald ( ,asia1 translat$ my 
address into 8 own language aft] ,i _h  
f9i%$1 hav+ tak5 notes :ile ,i spoke4   
,until ! v end ,i _h ! impression t ?is 
0 a ,*ri/ian college1 & ,i innoc5tly    
made ! ,"l ,jesus ! c5t] & sub/ance ( my
 rem>ks1 decl>+ t ! r5aissance ( le>n+ 9
 ,japan ne$$ to be supplem5t$ by a      
re=mation ( religion4 ,only :5 ! ev5+ 0 
ov] did ,i le>n t ! in/itution 0 n only 
und5om9ational1 b also non-religi\s1    
hav+ ,buddhi/ z well z ,*ri/ian         
pr(essors4 ,doctors ,&]son & ,frankl9 7 
also gue/s1 & :5 !y foll[$ me1 !y made !
 same mi/ake & made ,*ri/ian addresses4 
,b ! ,japanese managem5t is v polite & v
 lib]al1 & ev5 9 ! d9n] t foll[$ our    
faux pas did n provoke a ^w ( criticism4
 ,! gue/s at t d9n] s]v$ by ! /ud5ts 7 f
 ! mo/ prom95t educational in/itutions (

 ,japan4 ,we highly appreciat$ ! honor  
done u1 & did n regret t 9 our ignorance
 ( ! situation we _h giv5 to t di/+ui%$ 
audi5ce ! true gospel ( ,*ri/4  ,ano!r  
d9n] ( a v diff]5t sort 0 t :i* we      
ourselves gave at ! ,gr& ,hotel (       
,yokohama to ! ,ro*e/] m54 ,to my       
surprise tw5ty-f\r p]sons sat d[n1 b ?is
 numb] includ$ at lea/ t5 ( ! wives4    
,*iba & ,axl+1 ,t5ny & ,topp+1 ! ,fi%]s1
 fa!r & son1 ,clem5t1 ,br[n1 ,b5n+h(f1  
,takagaki1 ,kawagu*i1 all except ! la/ )
 _! wives1 made up ! li/4 ,i 0 pr\d (   
!m1 = !y are lead]s ( ?\ght & (         
education 9 ,japan4 ,only ,doctor       
,be>+'s abs5ce on furl\gh 9 ,am]ica1 a  
furl\gh end$ only by 8 lam5t$ dea?1     
prev5t$ u f invit+ him1 ?\gh he 0 n a   
,ro*e/] man4 ,rem9isc5ces ( sem9>y life 
7 bo? pa!tic & amus+ at t d9n]4 ,"o ?+  
impress$ itself ^u my m9d & memory3 ,our
 mission>ies h n lo/ _! s5se ( humor4   
,"u all _! burd5s ( anxiety &           
responsibility !y h reta9$ _! sanity1 _!
 hopefulness1 & _! good fell[%ip4 ,!    

hil>ity ( our ga!r+ 0 ! bubbl+ ov] (    
*e]ful dispositions1 & ! safety-valve   
gave evid5ce t !re 7 l>ge res]ves (     
/eam4 ,mission>ies are n a solemn set4  
,!y are only a good set ( human be+s    
made 9 ! div9e image1 = is x n writt5 t 
ev5 ,he t sitte? 9 ! heav5s %all laugh8 
,! next day 0 ! brighte/ ( ! bright4 ,we
 took advantage ( x to visit ! great    
temple ( ,kamakura1 & to inspect !      
greate/ arti/ic monum5t ( ,japan1 !     
bronze image ( ,buddha4 ,x is a sitt+   
/atue1 ) fold$ h&s & eyes clos$1 z if   
absorb$ 9 my/ic contemplation ( 8 own   
excell5ce z a manife/ation ( deity1 &   
c>eless ( ! sorr[s & s9s ( ! _w4 ,!     
great bronze image is fifty feet high1 b
 x is holl[4 ,we ent]$ x1 climb$ up by  
ladd]s to its %\ld]s1 & look$ out (     
w9d[s 9 its back4 ,its holl[ness seem$  
symbolic1 = x has only ! outw>d         
semblance ( div9ity & is deaf to all    
human entreaties4 ,on t same day we     
visit$ ! temple ( ,ha*iman1 ! god ( w>1 
mo/ spaci\s & impressive 9 its p>k-l    

surr\nd+s ( anci5t trees & noble        
gateways1 b fe>ful 9 its accompany+     
images ( rev5ge & slaught]4 ,humanity   
ne$s compassion 9 ! ,godhead4 ,!        
,japanese h felt ?is1 & !y h inv5t$ a   
goddess ( m]cy1 ,kwannon by "n4 ,h] %r9e
 is ! ri*e/ 9 ,japan4 ,x con/itutes "o (
 ! greate/ attractions ( ! capital4     
,millions visit x e ye>1 & ! (f]+s ( its
 wor%ip]s support a :ole colony (       
,buddhi/ prie/s4 ,! av5ue lead+ to !    
temple is l9$ ) %ops :]e mem5toes ( !   
goddess may be pur*as$1 z 9 ,ephesus (  
old silv] %r9es might be b\ght 9 honor (
 ! great goddess ,diana4 ,x is ! old    
/ory ( buy]s & sell]s 9 ! ,jewi% temple4
 ,x 0 mo/ pa!tic to see a well-dress$ & 
h&some woman b5d h]self almo/ d\ble be=e
 ! image1 clap h] h&s to call ! att5tion
 ( ! goddess1 & !n fold !m 9 pray]1     
possibly = ! *ild t _h hi!rto be5 d5i$  
h]4 ,x is well und]/ood 9 ?is temple t1 
until ! cl9k ( co9 is he>d 9 !          
collection-box1 x is va9 to suppose t   
ev5 ! goddess ( m]cy w li/5 to a pray]4 

,! god ( w> reigns 9 ,japan1 r ?an !    
goddess ( m]cy4 ,w> is m pr(itable4 ,!  
sale ( munitions to ! ,russian ,gov]nm5t
 is enri*+ ,japan1 z our sales to !     
,allies are enri*+ u4 ,! love ( ga9 is  
an ob/acle to ! success ( ! gospel1 "h z
 well z 9 ,am]ica4 ,no?+ b a mighty     
influ5ce ( ! ,holy ,_s c conv9ce ,japan 
( s91 & br+ h] to ! feet ( ,*ri/4 ,! "w 
( our mission>ies1 h[ev]1 is p]meat+ all
 ! /rata ( society4 ,we/]n sci5ce &     
,we/]n lit]ature are s b\nd up )        
,*ri/ianity t ,japan _c easily accept !m
 )\t also accept+ ,*ri/4  ,we wi%$ to   
see mission "w 9 a c\ntry field1 & we   
begg$ ,mrs4 ,fi%] to g ) u to ,kanagawa1
 a suburb ( ,yokohama1 :]e an educat$   
milkman is pa/or1 & :]e ! ,m>y ,colby   
,s*ool ( ,*ri/ian girls att5ds ! wor%ip 
( 8 *ur*4 ,! rev]5ce & s9c]ity ( !      
s]vice impress$ u4 ,! w>m? & ab&on ( !  
s++ put to %ame our ,we/]n qu>tet *oirs4
 ,"h is a pa/or :o pref]s to supplem5t 8
 meag] sal>y by sell+ milk on week-days1
 r ?an give up ! satisfaction ( see+ 8  

*ur* entirely self-support+4 ,x seem$ to
 me ! model ( a good m9i/ry1 & !        
prophecy ( a multitude ( ,new ,te/am5t  
*ur*es 9 ,japan1 mann$ & f9anc$ & gov]n$
 by ! ,japanese !mselves4 ,s long z we (
 ! ,we/ furni% bo? ! prea*]s & _!       
sal>ies1 ! ,japanese w n le>n to dep5d  
^u _! own adm9i/ration or _! own giv+1 &
 we w n h *ur*es organiz$ on correct    
pr9ciples & s root$ 9 ! soil t !y c /& !
 %ocks ( "t & endlessly propagate !     
gospel4 ,may ! little "o 9 ,kanagawa    
become a ?\s&6  ,japan is a c\ntry :]e e
 prospect pleases1 & only man is vile4  
,immorality is its curse4 ,!re is little
 drunk5ness inde$1 & gambl+ is /rictly  
prohibit$4 ,b ! relations ( ! sexes are 
almo/ :olly unregulat$4 ,patriotism &   
filial devotion take exagg]at$ =ms1 &   
girls c lead a life ( %ame 9 ord] to    
provide means = ! education ( _! bro!rs4
 ,g5]al ,nogi & 8 wife c commit suicide 
:5 8 sons are kill$ 9 battle1 & ! :ole  
c\ntry c reg>d x z s noble a de$ t !    
g5]al's desire to ext+ui% 8 family "n is

 n p]mitt$ to prev5t ! adoption ( x by  
ano!r4 ,! ,japanese are a nation (      
wond]ful natural gifts4 ,honor1         
ent]prise1 submission1 accessibility to 
new ideas1 p[]s ( imitation & inv5tion1 
make !m ! lead]s ( ! ,ori5t4 ,/eam%ips (
 tw5ty-two ?\s& tons1 & equal to any    
,atlantic ,cun>d]s1 yet built 9 _! own  
docky>ds by %ipwrights :o tw5ty ye>s ago
 knew no?+ ( _! trade1 are a pro( (     
extraord9>y pla/icity & ability4        
,civilization & ,*ri/ianity may f9d new 
expression1 if ! ,japanese are subdu$ by
 ! ,cross ( ,*ri/4  ,my int]e/ 9        
missions has be5 d\bl$ s9ce ,i came 9   
contact ) ! practical "w ( our          
mission>ies4 ,we h able & devot$        
repres5tatives on ?is =eign field1 & ,i 
believe t ,god w make !m mighty to      
de?rone ,buddhism1 & to cr[n ,*ri/ ,"l (
 all4 ,yes1 e prospect pleases4 ,:5 ,i  
sail$ ?r\gh ! ,inl& ,sea ( ,japan1 two  
hundr$ & =ty miles long1 /udd$ ) hundr$s
 ( isl&s small & great1 isl&s (t5       
surm\nt$ ) gli/5+ :ite temples or       

=tifications1 ,i ?\ght our ,?\s& ,isl&s 
( ! ,/4 ,lawr5ce1 & ev5 ! ,isles ( !    
,greek gean1 7 n to be m5tion$ 9        
comp>ison4 ,! l&lock$ h>bor ( ,nagasaki1
 ) its encircl+ hills1 is f9] ?an our   
,gold5 ,gate ( ! ,pacific4 ,fuji-yama1  
sn[-capp$ & symmetrical1 se5 aga9/ !    
crimson sunset sky1 is m beautiful ev5  
?an ,m\nt ,rani] :5 se5 f ,tacoma1 or   
,vesuvius :5 se5 f ,naples4 ,japan is a 
l& = poetry & song1 a l& to awak5 !     
l(tie/ patriotism1 a l& to inspire &    
lead ! _w4 ,provid$1 ah yes6 provid$1 x 
c be conv]t$ to ,*ri/1 & made 8 s]vant4 
,! ,japanese is a natural orator2 he has
 organiz+ ability ( ! highe/ ord]2 he is
 accessible1 yet indep5d5t4 ,n[ is ! "t 
to make him a prea*] ( ! gospel to all !
 ,ea/4 ,*9a & ,india h already felt !   
influ5ce ( 8 milit>y & political        
progress4 ,let u1 by p\r+ 9 ! light (   
,*ri/ianity1 make him also _! lead] 9   
true religion6     ,,ii  ,a ,,week-,,end
 ,,9 ,,*9a   ,hongkong is a city        
wond]ful = situation & = trade4 ,x has a

 l&lock$ h>bor encircl$ by precipit\s   
hills & l>ge en\gh to float ! navies ( !
 _w4 ,x is ! second l>ge/ port on e>? = 
exports & imports1 ov] six hundr$       
million doll>s' wor? 9 a ye>4 ,x is a   
meet+-place ( ! ,ea/ & ! ,we/1 a =tress 
( ,brita9 9 ,*9a1 a conglom]ation ( p1 a
 c5t] ( influ5ce = ,japan & = ,india1 an
 object-lesson 9 sanitation1 education1 
& municipal gov]nm5t4 ,! dom9at+        
religion is t ( ! ,*ur* ( ,engl&1 & !   
,hongkong ,univ]sity1 ?\gh end[$ 9 "p by
 weal?y ,*9ese1 foll[s ,engli% models & 
has a /aff ( ,engli% pr(essors4  ,i     
m5tion ,hongkong only to make m cle> my 
description ( ,swat[1 its nor!rn        
neighbor4 ,! situation ( ,swat[ is v l t
 ( ,hongkong4 ,a noble h>bor encircl$ by
 /eep hills1 x is "o ( ! *ief ports     
betwe5 ,hongkong & ,%anghai1 & only a   
s+le night's /eam]-ride f ,hongkong4    
,its attraction to u lay 9 ! fact t x is
 m ,*9ese ?an ,hongkong1 a pr9cipal seat
 ( ,presbyt]ian & ,bapti/ missions1 & n 
s dom9at$ z is ,hongkong by ! ,*ur* (   

,engl&4 ,z ,hongkong is an isl&1 s our  
,bapti/ ,mission ,comp\nd is on an isl&1
 sep>at$ f ! city ( ,swat[ by ! bay on  
:i* hundr$s ( sampans & fi%+-boats )    
late5 sails are always rid+1 & at ^:    
:>ves _m a great /eam%ip is load+ or    
unload+ freight4 ,:5 our vessel arriv$1 
we 7 quickly surr\nd$ by a multitude (  
small] craft1 mann$ by clamor\s tradesm5
 sell+ w>es or seek+ employm5t4 ,!      
commission] ( ,briti% cu/oms1 :o 0 our  
fell[ pass5g]1 mo/ c\rte\sly invit$ u to
 %>e 8 motor-laun*1 & :5 we _h l&$ on ! 
o!r side ( ! bay he s5t u up ! hill to !
 mission comp\nd 9 two ( 8 s$an-*airs1  
ea* "o borne by two /\t m5 9 picturesque
 uni=m3 & we>+ ! insignia ( ! cu/oms    
(fice4  ,a ^w ab\t ! ,engli% cu/oms may 
be int]e/+4 ,to satisfy ,engli%         
cr$itors1 & lat]1 to pay int]e/ on      
indemnities = ! ,box] upris+1 ,*9a      
mortgag$ ! l>g] "p ( h] duties on =eign 
imports4 ,sir ,rob]t ,h>t 0 appo9t$     
,inspector ,g5]al1 to sup]9t5d ?is      
collection ( duties4 ,he introduc$ sy/em

 & hone/y1 :]e be=e !re _h be5 only     
disord] & peculation4 ,f tw5ty to ?irty 
million doll>s are 9 ?is way collect$ e 
ye>4 ,swat[ is ! ?ird port 9 ! am\nt ?us
 obta9$1 itself furni%+ two to ?ree     
millions ( ! aggregate result4 ,b ?is   
putt+ h] collection ( cu/oms into ! h&s 
( =eign]s1 ?\gh x has taught ,*9a h] own
 wa/efulness & ! sup]iority ( ,we/]n    
f9ance1 is a burd5 s humiliat+ t x _c   
always cont9ue4 ,:5 ,*9a fully awakes1  
%e w realize h] /r5g? & w reclaim :at h]
 weakness c$$ to ,great ,brita94  ,our  
mission comp\nd is "o ( ! noble/ 9 !    
,ea/4 ,x is due to ! =esight & executive
 ability ( ,dr4 ,william ,a%more1       
,s5ior4 ,he began 8 mission>y "w 9      
,bangkok1 ,siam1 b 0 transf]r$ by our   
,mission>y ,union to ,swat[1 ) ! view ( 
op5+ ,*9a to our mission>y ef=ts4 ,he _h
 ,iri% blood 9 8 ve9s4 ,he 0 witty &    
eloqu5t1 f]vid & passionate4 ,b he 0    
also a man ( grit1 & a h]o ( ! fai?4 ,he
 want$ a quiet base ( supplies f :i* he 
c\ld s5d out exp$itions into ! he>t (   

,*9a4 ,he _h no means ( any acc\nt4 ,b  
he saw ! possibilities 9 ^! /eep & b>r5 
hillsides opposite ,swat[1 & = six      
hundr$ doll>s he b\ght a tract :i* he   
gradually turn$ into a g>d51 ) tw5ty    
mission build+s & resid5ces s ?ru/ into 
! rocks & s ov]hang+ "o ano!r1 t ! :ole 
plant seems a miracle ( eng9e]+4 ,l a   
=tress1 x comm&s ! city ( ,swat[ across 
! bay1 v mu* z ,gov]nor's ,isl& comm&s  
,new ,york4 ,f its *ur* & its s*ools h  
gone out a score ( evangeli/s & native  
pa/ors1 to turn ,swat[ & ! :ole c\ntry  
)9 a radius ( a hundr$ miles into a     
pres5t se$-plot & a future g>d5 ( ! ,"l4
  ,william ,a%more1 ,s5ior1 di$ sev5    
ye>s ago4 ,b he left a son ( ! same "n1 
:o is a ,*9ese s*ol> ( wide reputation1 
a s\nd !ologian1 & a lead] greatly      
belov$4 ,he has ne>ly complet$ a        
translation ( ! ,bible into ! colloquial
 ,*9ese--a felt ne$ ( _m ye>s4 ,at 8    
h\se1 s w$g$ into ! rocky hillside t a  
typhoon might seem equal to wa%+ x d[n  
into ! bay1 we 7 mo/ hospitably         

ent]ta9$4 ,"h we sp5t a memorable       
,sabba? ,day4 ,at ! *ur* s]vice1 at lea/
 five hundr$ *ur*-memb]s & pupils ( !   
v>i\s s*ools 7 ga!r$1 & ,i address$ !m  
on ,fai?1 z ,bo? a ,giv+ & a ,tak+--a   
giv+ ( "o's self1 & a tak+ ( ,*ri/ to be
 ours4 ,doctor ,a%more int]pret$ my talk
 to ! audi5ce1 s5t5ce by s5t5ce4 ,! :ole
 s]vice 0 to me an inspir+ illu/ration (
 ,new ,te/am5t ord] & simplicity1 = my  
address & ! s]mon ( ,doctor ,a%more :i* 
foll[$ _h be5 prec$$ by free            
p>ticipation ( memb]s ( ! *ur*1 9 :i* "o
 happy fa!r arose to give ?anks = ! bir?
 ( a girl-baby1 aft] five sons _h be5   
giv5 him--a great *ange f ! "t :5       
new-born girls 7 despis$ & (t5 ?r[n out 
into ! /reet4 ,?is rev]5t congregation1 
wor%ip+ ,god 9 fre$om & s9c]ity1 seem$ !
 prophecy ( a r$eem$ ,*9a4 ,?is cong]ies
 ( s*ools1 f k9d]g>t5 to !ological      
sem9>y1 ) ,a%more1 ,cap51 ,page1 &      
,wat]s = in/ructors1 & ,groesbeck1      
,spei*]1 ,lewis1 ,fo/]1 & o!rs =        
evangeli/s1 has already p]meat$ a :ole  

prov9ce ) ,*ri/ian tea*+4 ,x ne$s an    
in/itutional plant 9 ! city1 :]e x      
already has a noble location1 & x also  
ne$s a motor-laun* to c>ry its /ud5ts to
 ! field across ! bay1 :]e !y c f9d     
opportunity to w9 ! multitude to ,*ri/4 
,ev5 ,swat[ is p>tly ,angliciz$4 ,we    
wi%$ to see old ,*9a1 hea!n ,*9a1 &     
,bro!r ,groesbeck gave u ! opportunity4 
,only tw5ty miles f ,swat[ lies ! city (
 ,*ao-yang1 :]e ?is pione] mission>y has
 = eighte5 ye>s be5 /ation$4 ,*ao-yang  
is a l>g] city ?an ,swat[2 ! ,*9ese c\nt
 x z conta9+ a population ( ?ree hundr$ 
?\s&4 ,x is ! conv]g+ po9t ( all ! trade
 t rea*es ,swat[ f a hundr$ miles to !  
s\? & ! we/4 ,yet all ?is trade is      
conduct$ ?r\gh a n>r[ canal1 s conge/$ )
 boats t !re are innum]able delays4 ,ev5
 :5 ! boats rea* ! wat]s ( ! bay1 !     
rema9+ *annel is %all[ = lack ( dr$g+1 &
 laun*-progress is v sl[4 ,we _h ocul>  
pro( ( ?is latt] evil2 b we at la/ rea*$
 ! dock4  ,!n came a reception entirely 
new to our exp]i5ce1 & "o :i* we c nev] 

=get4 ,eighty "y m5 f ! mission s*ool   
met u1 all 9 :ite uni=ms ) sa%es ( blue4
 ,we pass$ ?r\gh _! l9es1 =ty boys on   
ea* side b>+ _! heads z we pass$4 ,!n a 
procession 0 =m$4 ,a brass b&1 ) bugles 
& res\nd+ drums1 l$ ! way4 ,! /ud5t     
escort foll[$4 ,aft] ! long r[s ( boys  
came an honor-squad ( ,*9ese soldi]s1   
%\ld]+ _! guns & be>+ ! ,*9ese & !      
,am]ican flags4 ,?is portion ( ! escort 
_h be5 furni%$ by ! ,*9ese gov]nor1 :o 9
 ?is way c]ta9ly %[$ 8 fri5dly reg>d = !
 ,am]ican mission4 ,we conclud$ !       
procession1 sitt+ 9 our s$an-*airs1 ea* 
( our p>ty ( f\r borne ^u ! %\ld]s ( f\r
 m54 ,! b& /ruck up1 a great explosion (
 firecrack]s ensu$1 & we began our      
j\rney ( a mile & a half to ! gates ( ! 
city1 & !n two miles & a half f>!r ?r\gh
 its cr[d$ /reets1 until we rea*$ !     
mission build+s & ! resid5ce ( ,mr4 &   
,mrs4 ,groesbeck on ! o!r side ( ! t[n4 
,! ,*9ese are great on c]emonial1 & all 
?is reception _h be5 arrang$ by ! /ud5ts
 !mselves1 9 honor ( ,mr4 ,groesbeck's  

tea*] & 8 tea*]'s wife4 ,ne$less to say 
t ,i 0 a/\nd$ at su* a reception1 =     
,augu/us ,cs> nev] made an imp]ial entry
 9 ,rome m ?rill+ ?an ! triumphal entry 
:i* ,augu/us ,/rong made t day into !   
great city ( ,*ao-yang4  ,mr4 ,groesbeck
 said t no public notice _h be5 giv5 (  
our com+4 ,yet ! :ole population ( ?ree 
hundr$ ?\s& seem$ to h come out to meet 
u4 ,imag9e a /reet two & a half miles   
long1 b only t5 to fifte5 feet wide1    
?rong$ ) wat]-c>ri]s & bea/s ( burd5    
compell$ to give way to our great       
procession6 ,e nook & corn] ( ! way1 !  
fronts ( ! "o-/ori$ %ops & ! entrances  
to ! cross-/reets1 7 all a p]fect sea ( 
faces--r[s ( *ildr5 little & big        
ov]topp$ by r[s ( half-nak$ m51 ) scores
 ( wom5 pe]+ wi/fully f w9d[s 9 !       
re>--faces by ?\s&s & t5s ( ?\s&s1 till 
x seem$ z if ! :ole population ( !      
planet _h empti$ itself into ,*ao-yang4 
,i look$ ^u hundr$s ( spl5did =ms ( m51 
nak$ above ! wai/1 & c>ry+ heads wor?y (
 notice f any sculptor1 none ( !m       

hateful1 all ( !m impress$ & wond]+1 &  
!y seem$ to me ! embodim5t ( ,*9a cry+  
out = ,god4 ,:5 we 7 only half-way ?r\gh
 ! city1 ! endless masses ( humanity _h 
s impress$ me t ,i c\ld n re/ra9 ! te>s4
 ,! sight 0 simply ov]:elm+4 ,& all ?is 
! p>i% ( "o man6 ,x is to save ?is great
 city1 n[ almo/ :olly giv5 to idolatry1 
t ,mr4 ,groesbeck asks = money to build 
9 its v c5t] an assembly-room & an      
in/itutional *ur*1 & t ,doctor ,le%]    
asks = a hospital build+ to facilitate 8
 m$ical "w4  ,i made an address to ^?   
eighty boys t ev5+1 z !y /ood at        
att5tion be=e me4 ,half ( !m 7 /ill     
hea!n1 b _! fa!rs _h s5t !m to ?is      
,*ri/ian s*ool1 believ+ t !y ne$$ a     
bett] religion ?an t ( ,confucius or (  
,buddha4 ,i urg$ !m to become soldi]s ( 
,*ri/1 & to foll[ him z _! ,comm&]4 ,i  
did n conceal f !m ! fact t su* foll[+  
might involve opposition & e>?ly loss4  
,b ,i promis$ !m t1 if !y suff]$ )      
,*ri/1 !y w\ld also reign ) him4  ,we   
return$ f ,*ao-yang v sob] & ?\ghtful1 =

 our visit _h be5 a revelation ( appall+
 ne$s4 ,swat[ seem$ a p>adise aft] su* a
 visit4 ,! smil+ faces ( s _m ,*ri/ians1
 & ! signs ( a truly ,*ri/ian           
civilization1 inspir$ me ) new hope = ! 
future4 ,b our "t _h come = leav+ ,*9a1 
at lea/ tempor>ily1 & ,india 0 at once  
to be visit$4 ,our dep>ture f ,swat[ 0  
almo/ z spectacul> z our entry into     
,*ao-yang4 ,!re 0 no milit>y gu>d1 & !re
 7 no firecrack]s1 b !re 0 a f9e brass  
b& ( academy boys1 to lead our          
procession ( s$an-*airs1 z we pass$     
?r\gh ! long l9es ( s*ol>s :o _h ga!r$ )
 _! tea*]s to bid u f>ewell4 ,! s*ools 7
 all repres5t$4 ,fir/ came ! little     
k9d]g>tn]s1 !n pupils ( ! gramm> s*ool1 
! girls' s*ool1 ! wom5's s*ool1 !       
,bible-wom5's tra9+-s*ool1 ! boys'      
academy1 & f9ally1 ! !ological sem9>y4  
,!y numb]$ m ?an ?ree hundr$ 9 all4 ,"s 
( ! tea*]s accompani$ u to ! /eam]4 ,we 
p>t$ f !m ) regret1 b we 7 ?ankful t !y 
c\ld rema9 to prep>e ! way = a new      
religion1 education1 & civilization 9   

,*9a4  ,my week-end 9 ,*9a leaves me ) a
 new s5se ( ! va/ness ( ! hea!n _w1 & ( 
its absolute dep5d5ce ^u ,*ri/1 z its   
only possible ,savi\r4 ,! "q :e!r !     
hea!n w ev] be sav$ if we d n give !m ! 
gospel1 is n s s]i\s a "o = u z ! o!r "q
 :e!r we ourselves w ev] be sav$ if we d
 n give !m ! gospel4     ,,iii          
,,manila1 ,,s+apore1 ,,& ,,p5ang   ,ea* 
( ^! cities might seem to be ! ,new     
,j]usalem1 if y 7 to see only its       
,european "p & ! dress ( its            
inhabitants4 ,_! ,european resid5ts are 
all array$ 9 :ite4 ,n all ( !m are      
sa9ts1 h[ev]4 ,! :ite is purely ext]nal 
& compulsory4 ,heat is a great level]1 &
 we are ne>+ ! equator4 ,:5 we approa*$ 
,manila we 7 9 ! tail ( a typhoon1 b !  
dang] 0 pa/4 ,inde$1 s9ce we left ,san  
,francisco1 we h enc\nt]$ no /orm1 h _h 
only smoo? seas1 & h witness$ cont9ually
 :at s*ylus call$ ! innum]able laught] (
 ! ocean waves4  ,x 0 pleasant to       
p]ceive t ,am]ican ent]prise &          
adm9i/ration h trans=m$ ,manila1 !      

capital ( ! ,philipp9e ,isl&s1 f a      
m$ieval into a mod]n city4 ,its newly   
con/ruct$ /reets & pavem5ts1 wat]-works 
& dra9age1 electricity & ! trolley1 h   
turn$ ?is old & dilapidat$ ,spani% t[n  
into a place ( ord] & beauty4 ,its p>ks 
& g>d5s1 its municipal build+s &        
hospitals1 are an object-lesson to all  
behold]s4 ,! walls ( ! =t /ill rema91 b 
! moat has be5 fill$ up4 ,! ,roman      
,ca?olic ,ca!dral %[s ! l>ge designs ( a
 =m] prie/hood to capture ! p by        
ar*itecture & c]emonial4 ,b ,prote/ant  
*ur*es1 missions1 & s*ools1 are com+ to 
h ! fir/ place 9 popul> e/eem4 ,! =m]   
palace ( ! ,spani% gov]nor is n[ !      
meet+-place ( ! democratic legislature1 
& ! ,jones ,bill1 rec5tly pass$ by our  
,congress1 b n[ locally kn[n z ! ,bill  
,jones1 has giv5 hopes ( a complete &   
spe$y ,filip9o indep5d5ce4  ,our        
obs]vation ( ! place1 & our int]c\rse ) 
resid5ts ( ,manila1 lead u to d\bt !    
wisdom ( our imm$iate rel9qui%m5t (     
au?ority ov] ^! isl&s4 ,eag] z are !    

,filip9o lead]s = self-gov]nm5t1 !y h n 
yet le>n$ ! art ( self-re/ra9t4 ,! rec5t
 tr\ble 9 ! great hospital illu/rates   
?is4 ,its ,am]ican sup]9t5d5t has       
resign$ 8 (fice1 = ! reason t 8 ,filip9o
 /aff & subord9ates conspir$ to make    
discipl9e & sanit>y regulations         
impossible4 ,!y desir$ to manage !      
in/itution !mselves1 :5 !y 7 incompet5t 
to en=ce cleanl9ess & ord]4 ,:at happ5s 
9 hospital "w happ5s also 9 all bran*es 
( civil adm9i/ration4 ,x w take a :ole  
g5]ation to raise up (ficials :o c be   
tru/$ to d _! "w = ! public good1 r ?an 
to provide com=table & remun]ative      
positions = !mselves4  ,we visit$ !     
spot1 five miles away1 :]e our ,am]ican 
troops1 "u ,admiral ,dewey1 l&$ to      
besiege ! t[n4 ,we motor$ to ,=t        
,mc,kinley also1 :]e our soldi]s /ill   
comm& ! situation4 ,b our ma9 int]e/ 0 9
 ! mission s*ools & 9 ! int]d5om9ational
 !ological sem9>y4 ,9 ^! educational    
in/itutions all ! in/ruction is 9 !     
,engli% language4 ,!y are ,am]icaniz+ z 

well z evangeliz+ ! population4 ,!      
e/abli%m5t ( univ]sal & compulsory s*ool
 att5dance w 9 a few ye>s turn a        
,spani%-speak+ into an ,engli%-speak+ p1
 & w unify ! education & ! civilization 
( ! isl&s4 ,no?+ inde$ is m rem>kable 9 
! ,ori5t ?an ! gradual sup]s$+ ( !      
native dialects by ! pr9t$ & spok5      
,engli%4 ,9 ! great c\ntry ( ,india1 x  
is to be rememb]$1 ,engli% is ! requir$ 
language 9 s*ool & c\rt1 z well z 9 e   
gov]nm5t (fice4 ,ev5 ! ,romaniz+ (      
writt5 ,*9ese & ,japanese w make va/ly  
easi] ! political unity & ! religi\s    
evangelization ( ,*9a & ,japan4  ,:5 we 
rea*$ ,s+apore1 we f\nd ourselves 9 "o (
 ! _w's greate/ ports ( entry4 ,x is    
also "o ( ! keys to ! ,ori5t1 z ,sir    
,?omas ,raffles p]ceiv$ m ?an a c5tury  
ago4 ,its spl5did gov]nm5t build+s & its
 /rong =tifications %[ t ! ,briti%      
propose to hold x to ! end4 ,! rec5t    
incipi5t revolt1 :i* 0 =tunately nipp$ 9
 ! bud :5 x seem$ to ! conspirators on !
 v]ge ( success1 & :i* 0 puni%$ by !    

summ>y execution ( ?irty or =ty rebels  
)\t ! news ( x gett+ into ! pap]s1 %[$ t
 ,g]many _h mu* to hope = & ,brita9 mu* 
to fe> f ! unre/ ( ^! het]og5e\s        
populations4 ,i _h a vivid rem9d] ( all 
?is at ! ,me?odi/ ,episcopal ,mission1  
:]e ,i f\nd ov] sixte5 hundr$ s*ol>s 9  
att5dance1 & :]e ,i address$ five hundr$
 ( !m at _! morn+ pray]s4 ,"o ( ! *ief  
difficulties ( ,*ri/ian "w 9 ,s+apore is
 ! aggregation & mixture ( races4 ,sev5 
diff]5t nationalities are repres5t$ 9 ! 
s*ools4 ,! ,tamil1 ! ,malay1 & ! ,*9ese 
are ! mo/ num]\s1 & ( ^! ! ,*9ese take !
 lead4 ,fifty ?\s& ,*9ese immigrants    
ent] ! port ( ,s+apore e ye>1 ma9ly     
because !re is employm5t = !m 9 ! rubb] 
plantations ( ! ,/raits ,settlem5ts4 ,! 
conge/ion ( population 9 ,*9a drives !m 
s\?w>d to ,s+apore1 & f ,s+apore !y sw>m
 nor?w>d to ,burma1 s\?w>d to ,java1 &  
we/w>d to ,india4  ,?is mix+ up ( ! _m  
diff]5t nationalities makes x impossible
 = ! missions 9 ,s+apore to tea* _!     
pupils 9 any o!r language ?an ! ,engli%4

 ,?is requisition ( ,engli% seems to "s 
( ! p a slur ^u _! own tongue1 & a sign 
( ,briti% asc5d5cy4 ,!y are jeal\s ( !  
,engli%1 ev5 :ile !y p]ceive _! own     
dep5d5ce ^u !m4 ,only ,briti% ju/ice &  
wat*fulness c keep 9 *eck ! disposition 
to revolt on ! "p ( "s classes ) :i* !  
gov]nm5t has to deal1 especially :5 ^!  
classes are /irr$ up by ,g]man spies &  
,g]man money4 ,?us f> all s$iti\s       
attempts h be5 put d[n1 & ! travel]     
le>ns to bless ! wisdom ( ,briti%       
adm9i/ration1 & to re/ secure & confid5t
 "u ! folds ( ! ,union ,jack4  ,we left 
,s+apore = ,p5ang ) "s regret1 = !      
reason t l>ge /eam]s mu/ be ex*ang$ =   
small /eam]s4 ,! "o we took 0 exce$+ly  
good & mod]n4 ,ano!r on :i* we emb>k$   
some:at lat] seem$ to h come d[n f !    
days ( ,noah & ! ark4 ,b ,briti% /eam]s1
 h[ev] old & small1 are clean & safe4 ,y
 get !re all ! same4 ,on our way to     
,rangoon our fir/ /op 0 at ,port        
,swett]ham1 f :i* we motor$ tw5ty-sev5  
miles to ,kuala ,lumpur1 ! capital ( !  

,f$]at$ ,malay ,/ates--f$]at$ "u !      
,briti% ,cr[n4 ,"h is a city ( ,malays &
 ,*9ese1 ) ,briti% gov]nm5t build+s1    
,mohamm$an mosques1 ,buddhi/ temples1 an
 ,engli% ca!dral1 & a ,me?odi/ *ur*4    
,our road ?i!r l$ u ?r\gh seem+ly       
endless =e/s ( rubb] trees & ( coconut  
palms4 ,! pr(usion ( tropical vegetation
 0 bo? novel & impressive4 ,^! ,f$]at$  
,malay ,/ates furni% ! _w ) m ?an half  
its supply ( rubb]1 & _m ,engli% &      
,am]ican inve/ors are gr[+ ri* f ! so>+ 
( prices induc$ by ! w>4  ,p5ang1 h[ev]1
 furni%$ u ) our greate/ s5sation4 ,x 0 
a ,*9ese fun]al4 ,9 ?is city ( two      
hundr$ ?\s& inhabitants1 a millionaire  
,*9ese bank] _h di$4 ,he 0 a ,buddhi/ z 
well z a ,confuciani/1 b also a loyal & 
patriotic support] ( *>itable           
in/itutions1 & ( ! ,briti% rule4 ,he _h 
giv5 to ! ,briti% gov]nm5t a numb] (    
a]oplanes to facilitate its milit>y     
op]ations1 & a l>ge sum ( money = its   
w>-loan4 ,:5 he di$1 ! cu/om>y wor%ip ( 
ance/ors1 :i* is a "p ( ,*9ese religion1

 z well z gratitude = 8 pa/ gifts1      
prompt$ 8 family to plan a sumptu\s     
fun]al4 ,x is said to h co/ !m ?irty    
?\s& doll>s4 ,we arriv$ 9 ,p5ang j 9 "t 
to see ! %[4 ,all ! way f ,s+apore1     
inde$1 we 7 accompani$ on our /eam] by a
 f9e brass b&1 :i* 0 only "o ( ?ree     
brass b&s hir$ to furni% music = !      
fun]al s]vice4  ,my p[]s ( description  
fail1 :5 ,i attempt to tell ! wond]s ( a
 fun]al procession fully a half mile    
long4 ,x 0 head$ by a symbolic float (  
waxwork figures1 9 :i* a colossal horse1
 pranc+ on its h9d legs1 seem$ j ab\t to
 so> into ! air4 ,! horse 0 held 9 by   
f\r angelic =ms foll[+ & hold+ 9 _! h&s 
scept]s ( royalty4 ,?is app>ition rem9d$
 me ( ! horses & *>iot 9 :i* ,elijah    
asc5d$ to heav51 & x seem$ to indicate t
 ! deceas$ _h dep>t$ ) all ! honors     
heav5 & e>? c\ld be/[4 ,a b& ( music    
accompany+ ! float1 & play+ solemn b n  
m\rnful /ra9s1 gave color to ?is        
int]pretation4 ,a ret9ue ( s$an-*airs1  
decorat$ ) all ! colors ( ! ra9b[1 came 

next 9 ord]4 ,^! s$an-*airs 7 empty (   
occupants1 & conta9$ long /rips ( r$    
pap] on :i* 7 writt5 ! names & m]its ( !
 millionaire's ance/ors1 to be read by  
,buddhi/ prie/s at ! grave4 ,! *airs 7  
ea* ! gift ( "s relative or fri5d ( !   
dep>t$4 ,!y symboliz$ ! welcome giv5 him
 by ^? :o _h gone be=e him to ! bett]   
l&4 ,a second b& ( music 0 foll[$ by a  
body-gu>d ( ,briti% soldi]s 9 khaki1    
deput$ by ! ,briti% gov]nor to %[ 8     
e/imate ( ! "* & loyalty ( ! deceas$4   
,!n came ! he>se1 if he>se x c\ld be    
call$4 ,x 0 really an enorm\s           
catafalque1 decorat$ ) gold t9sel &     
co/ly embroid]ies4 ,peacocks & birds (  
p>adise 7 depict$ on its silk5 hang+s4  
,a doz5 m51 9 elaborate robes ( blue1   
c>ri$ ?is gaudy /ructure ^u _! %\ld]s1  
:ile o!r gorge\sly attir$ att5dants bore
 great ribbon-bann]s ( sat91 say tw5ty  
feet long by f\r feet wide & ( ! mo/    
brilliant colors1 inscrib$ ) ,*9ese     
*>act]s & mak+ kn[n ! virtues ( !       
dep>t$4 ,b ! mo/ curi\s "p ( !          

procession1 0 yet to come4 ,prec$$ by ! 
?ird b& ( music 7 ! (f]+s ( food & dr9ks
 :i* 7 to furni% su/5ance to ! _s 9 ! _w
 into :i* he _h n[ ent]$4 ,!re 7 six    
roa/$ suck+-pigs1 laid 9 ord]1 on       
portable tables1 ) baskets ( rice1      
oranges1 bananas1 all k9ds ( fruit &    
confection]y1 & cups ( tea & w9es4 ,^! 7
 c>ri$ to ! cemet]y1 to be pres5t$ to ! 
dep>t$ _s at ! grave1 !n jeal\sly gu>d$ 
= an int]val1 f9ally 9 "p giv5 to !     
(ficiat+ prie/s1 & 9 "p consum$ at a    
fea/ held by ! surviv+ memb]s ( !       
family4 ,! co/li] ! (f]+s1 ! bett] w\ld 
! fea/ be enjoy$4 ,!re 0 no lack (      
prie/s 9 ?is c]emonial4 ,!y 7 "y &      
clean-%av51 & look$ z if !y _h enli/$ = 
?is v s]vice4 ,i ?\ght ,i c\ld disc]n a 
sly tw9kle 9 _! eyes1 z !y inspect$ !   
prep>ations = ! fea/1 be=e ! m>* began4 
,! m\rn]s mu/ n be =gott54 ,among !     
,*9ese1 :ite1 & n black1 is ! appo9t$   
sign ( m\rn+4 ,! f\r wives ( ! deceas$ &
 ! memb]s ( 8 family 7 accord+ly dress$ 
9 ! co>se/ ( :ite sackclo?1 ) a%es      

spr9kl$ ov] _! faces1 & !y walk$ beh9d !
 he>se1 h[l+4 ,x 0 a pite\s spectacle1  
rem9d+ "o ( ! pr(essional & hir$ wail]s 
9 ,pale/9e1 :]e ! m\rn]s g ab\t !       
/reets1 utt]+ dismal lam5tations :i* c  
be b\ght = money4 ,f> be x f me to      
sugge/ t su* 0 ! lam5tation :i* we he>d 
t day1 = !re is reason to believe t 9   
?is case ! deceas$ 0 respect$ & belov$4 
,?is c]emonial _h requir$ long &        
elaborate prep>ation4 ,! dea? inde$     
occurr$ la/ ,july2 ! body _h be5        
embalm$2 x _h la9 9 /ate & op5 to public
 inspection = f\r :ole mon?s2 ! fun]al  
did n take place until ,novemb]4 ,a va/ 
am\nt ( detail _h be5 att5d$ to &       
provid$ =4 ,great packages ( silk5      
umbrellas _h be5 /or$ to %ield ! heads (
 gue/s & s]vants4 ,all ! be>]s (        
s$an-*airs1 scores 9 numb]1 7 clad 9    
silk5 uni=ms2 !re 7 bann]s1 &           
inscriptions1 & lant]ns1 galore4 ,ev]y?+
 0 done to impress ! ,*9ese multitude ) 
! greatness ( ! occasion4 ,b x 0 all a  
glorification ( man & ( 8 virtues4 ,!re 

0 no confession ( s91 nor assurance (   
p>don2 no proclamation ( a div9e        
,r$eem]2 no promise ( life & immortality
 9 ,*ri/4 ,hea!n religions are man's va9
 ef=t to w9 heav5 by m]its ( "o's own4  
,only ,*ri/ianity is ,god's revelation (
 salvation )\t money & )\t price1 ?r\gh 
! sacrifice & dea? ( 8 only ,son4 ,?is  
is ! gospel :i* ,confuciani/ & ,buddhi/1
 ,h9du & ,mohamm$an1 ne$ to-day1 & :i*1 
?ank ,god1 our mission>ies are giv+ !m4 
,,iv  ,,?ree ,,weeks ,,9 ,,burma        
,burma is ! l& ( pagodas4 ,^! places (  
wor%ip are ! mo/ /rik+ feature ( e      
l&scape4 ,_! bell-%ap$ domes1 />tl+ly   
:ite1 or s cov]$ ) gold-leaf z to %9e   
respl5d5t 9 ! sunlight1 cr[n _m a       
hilltop & con/itute ! *ief beauty ( !   
t[ns4 ,! pagodas are usually solid      
/ructures ( brick1 ) fac+s ( pla/]1 & !y
 are build+s at :i*1 r ?an 9 :i*1 wor%ip
 is (f]$4 ,!re are exceptions1 h[ev]4 ,!
 m anci5t ( ^! edifices1 l ! ,an&a at   
,pagan1 h inn] *amb]s en%r9+ gigantic   
/atues ( ,buddha1 ) corridors ar\nd !   

*amb]s1 q comp>able to ! aisles (       
,engli% or ,fr5* ca!drals4 ,b ! greate/ 
( all ! ,burmese pagodas1 ! ,%we ,dagon 
( ,rangoon1 is a solid mass ( brick1 )  
no int]ior cell1 yet enorm\s 9 size1    
erect$ on a broad plat=m "o hundr$ &    
sixty-six feet f ! gr\nd1 t[]+ to an    
additional height ( two hundr$ & sev5ty 
feet1 & cr[n$ ) a jewell$ umbrella at ! 
total elevation ( f\r hundr$ & ?irty-six
 feet above ! teem+ /reets ( ! city     
bel[4 ,! ma9 plat=m f :i* ! pagoda prop]
 rises is an imm5se c\rt n9e hundr$ feet
 long by six hundr$ & eighty-five feet  
wide1 & cr[d$ ) m9or pagodas & %r9es4   
,?is great esplanade is approa*$ f ! f\r
 po9ts ( ! compass by long cov]$        
arcades1 l9$ ) %ops 9 :i* (f]+s ( e     
description c be b\ght4 ,on ! m>ble     
floor ( ! ma9 c\rt & be=e ! m9or %r9es  
^! (f]+s are pres5t$ by scores (        
wor%ip]s pro/rat+ !mselves be=e /atues (
 ,buddha ( e size4 ,& yet ! great       
conical or bell-%ap$ dome ( ! pagoda is 
its *ief attraction1 = ?is is cov]$ )   

gold-leaf f its base to its summit1 &   
its %9+ spl5dor salutes ! travel] f     
miles & miles away4  ,! religion (      
,burma is ,buddhism4 ,buddhism is a     
religion ( m]it1 s call$1 & ! sure/ way 
to acquire m]it is by build+ a pagoda4  
,repair+ an old pagoda w n answ] !      
purpose2 h5ce _m an old pagoda goes to  
ru91 side by side ) a new "o coat$ )    
:itewa% or gold-leaf4 ,curi\sly en\gh1 !
 epo* ( pagoda-build+ 0 almo/ co9cid5t )
 t ( ca!dral-build+ 9 ,engl& & ,france1 
t is1 f ,a4 ,d4 #ajjj to #abjj4 ,:5 "o  
sees at ,pagan an area along !          
,irrawaddy ,riv] eight miles long & only
 two miles wide1 ) ne>ly five ?\s&      
pagodas1 multitudes ( !m small & 9 ru9s1
 b _m /ill /&+ great & spl5did 9 _!     
proportions1 x seems impossible to d\bt 
t a c]ta9 g5u9e religi\s impulse1 h[ev] 
bl9d & mi/ak51 l$ to _! erection4 ,!re  
!y /&1 m]e relics ( a magnific5t pa/1 b 
n[ erect 9 ! mid/ ( desolation1 ) only  
scatt]$ huts ab\t !m1 :]e once !re mu/ h
 be5 a d5se population1 ri* & lordly4 ,!

 fate ( ^! t[]+ monum5ts ( idolatry &   
sup]/ition1 n[ = ! mo/ "p giv5 ov] to ! 
moles & ! bats1 %[s :at ,god c d =      
pagodas1 & enc\rages u to believe t     
mission>y ef=t w be mighty ?r\gh ,god to
 ! pull+ d[n ( simil> m mod]n           
/rongholds1 toge!r ) all ! high ?+s t   
exalt !mselves above ! k ( 8 tru?4  ,?is
 leads me to speak ( ! great mission>y  
"w t is n[ honeycomb+ & und]m9+ !       
f\ndations ( hea!nism 9 ?is pagoda-l&4  
,we came to ,burma to see :at ,god has  
wr\ght4 ,! labors & suff]+s ( ,adoniram 
,judson appeal$ to u ev5 9 our *ildhood4
 ,we wi%$ to see h[ ! mu/>d-se$ :i*     
,judson s[$ 9 fai? has gr[n up to be>   
fruit4 ,s we w5t to ,aungb9le1 :]e =    
tw5ty long mon?s ,judson 0 imprison$ &  
tortur$4 ,!re we seem$ to he> ,god's ^w 
to ,moses3 ,take (f ?y %oes f (f ?y     
feet1 = ! place :]e ?\ /&e/ is holy     
gr\nd4 ,we 7 rem9d$ also ( ! burn+ bu%1 
:i* 0 ev] burn+ b n consum$4 ,great =w>d
 movem5ts 9 hi/ory are born 9 suff]+4   
,?r\gh dea? to life1 & ! cross be=e !   

cr[n--t 0 ! way ( ,*ri/1 & x w be ! way 
( 8 foll[]s4 ,we ga!r$1 a small gr\p (  
mission>ies & visitors1 9 ! little *apel
 t has be5 built ^u ! site ( t old      
prison1 & we pray$1 ) a lot ( dusky     
villag]s & *ildr5 be=e u1 t ,god w\ld   
yet m glori\sly prosp] ! "w ( missions4 
,we _h e advantage 9 our inve/igations 9
 ,burma4 ,?irte5 ( my =m] pupils are n[ 
mission>ies 9 t l&4 ,= _m ye>s !y h be5 
invit+ me to visit !m4 ,n9e mission>ies 
met u at ! dock1 z we l&$ f ,s+apore &  
,p5ang4 ,!y h made our visit delightful 
by _! affectionate & b\ndless           
hospitality4 ,morn+1 noon1 & night h be5
 full ( sightsee+1 ( visit+ mission     
*ur*es & s*ools1 ( *otas1 or little     
breakfa/s1 ( tiff9s or sub/antial       
lun*es1 or aft]noon-teas & d9n]s at !   
close ( ! day4 ,! social & k9dly _s ( x 
all has turn$ :at o!rwise w\ld h be5    
we>isome into a succession ( pleasant   
exp]i5ces4 ,b !re has be5 "w1 & !re has 
be5 h>d ?9k+ also4 ,mak+ ?ree addresses 
a day1 long] or %ort]1 = ?ree weeks 9   

succession1 is no s9ecure4 ,i am        
sometimes call$ an octog]anium1 b ,i h n
 be5 p]mitt$ to wa/e my sweetness on !  
des]t air4 ,x is a wond] to me t ,i h   
surviv$ s mu* /ress & ru%+1 b ,i am     
compell$ to say t good appetite & good  
sleep h made me feel 9 bett] heal? &    
spirits ?an = _m mon?s be=e4  ,:at ,i h 
se5 has gladd5$ my eyes & w>m$ my he>t4 
,clos] contact ) mission "w & mission   
work]s has broad5$ my ideas1 giv5 me m  
sympa?y1 m zeal1 & m hope4 ,! va/ness ( 
^! hea!n populations1 _! appall+ ne$s1  
toge!r ) _! inf9ite possibilities1 h    
dawn$ ^u me z nev] be=e4 ,burma has     
sixty millions ( p4 ,x is a mo/ fruitful
 l&1 nev] visit$ by ! fam9es :i* ravage 
,india prop]1 ! l& we/ ( ! ,bay (       
,b5gal4 ,x en%r9es a religion :i*1 ) all
 its ignorance & sup]/ition1 is m free f
 gross immorality ?an t :i* prevails on 
! o!r side ( ! bay4 ,its p are ! mo/    
het]og5e\s ( any ^u e>?4 ,?\gh ! pr\d   
,burman native is /ill ! dom9ant p[]1 he
 has n[ to compete ) ! ris+ intellig5ce 

( ! ,k>5s1 ! /urd9ess ( ! ,*9ese1 & !   
subtlety ( ! ,h9dus4 ,^! la/ two peoples
 h 9 late ye>s 9 l>ge numb]s migrat$    
hi!r4 ,mohamm$an mosques are ris+ side  
by side ) ! old] ,buddhi/ pagodas4 ,!   
,p>sees are num]\s & influ5tial1 &      
!osophi/s are n r>e4 ,rangoon is        
probably ! capital city ( ,buddhism1 =  
"h at any rate is its mo/ spl5did       
temple4 ,& ,rangoon is a sort (         
melt+-pot ( all races4 ,burmans & ,*9ese
 are int]m>ry+1 & are produc+ a mo/     
vigor\s (fspr+4 ,sikhs & ,malays1 by _! 
peculi> dress1 make picturesque !       
/reets4 ,i "k ( no great] mixture (     
races1 unless x is 9 ! city ( ,new      
,york1 :]e we h m ,jews ?an !re are 9   
,j]usalem1 & m ,italians ?an !re are 9  
,rome4 ,"h 9 ,rangoon1 h[ev]1 all ^!    
peoples pres]ve _! di/9ctive *>act]i/ics
 ( dress & language1 s t racial         
diff]5ces are m app>5t4  ,! ,roman      
,ca?olics & ! repres5tatives ( ! ,*ur* (
 ,engl& h made great ef=ts to capture   
,burma4 ,!y h e/abli%$ noble plants 9 ! 

way ( *ur* edifices1 hospitals1 &       
s*ools4 ,! lep] asylum ( ! ,romani/s is 
an impressive & wor?y provision = ! h\s+
 & treatm5t ( hundr$s ?us afflict$4 ,!  
ca!dral & s*ool ( ! ,anglican ,*ur* %[ a
 mo/ praisewor?y e/imate ( ! ne$s ( ?is 
great prov9ce ( ! ,briti% ,empire1 &    
breakfa/+ ) ,bi%op ,fyffe1 !            
metropolitan ( ,rangoon1 gave u a pleas+
 impression ( 8 k9dly ,*ri/ian _s4 ,!   
,me?odi/ ,episcopal ,*ur* has also its  
repres5tative "h1 & all ( ^! evangeliz+ 
ag5cies are supplem5t$ by ! "w ( ! ,y4  
,m4 ,c4 ,a41 ! ,y4 ,w4 ,c4 ,a41 & !     
,salvation ,army4 ,yet x is n too mu* to
 say t ! ,bapti/s h fir/ place 9 ,burma1
 bo? 9 *ur*-memb]%ip & 9 education4 ,we 
7 ! fir/ ,*ri/ian d5om9ation ^u ! gr\nd2
 we h leav5$ ! c\ntry ) our influ5ce2   
our ,mission ,press has furni%$ ! ,bible
 9 sev]al diff]5t languages to ! p (    
,burma2 our s*ools are ! mo/ advanc$ 9  
grade & ! mo/ num]\sly att5d$2 our      
*ur*es are mo/ ne>ly self-gov]n+ &      
self-support+4 ,we h great reason to    

?ank ,god & take c\rage4  ,all ?is is ! 
gr[? ( a s+le c5tury4 ,x 0 9 ! ye> #ahac
 t ! ,judsons arriv$ 9 ,burma1 & x 0 six
 ye>s aft] t ! fir/ ,burman conv]t 0    
baptiz$4 ,9 #ahbh ! fir/ ,k>5 conv]t    
foll[$ ,*ri/4 ,^! two 7 ! fir/-fruits f 
! two lead+ races ( ,burma4 ,s9ce _!    
baptism !re has sprung up a fl\ri%+     
,*ri/ian community :i* embraces         
repres5tatives bo? ( ! indig5\s races ( 
,burma & ( ! immigrant peoples f ,india 
prop]1 f ,*9a1 & f o!r l&s4 ,! ,bapti/  
*ur*es 9 ,burma to-day1 z _! (ficial    
repres5tatives in=m u1 enroll memb]s    
ga!r$ f eighte5 diff]5t nationalities1  
besides memb]s ( ! ,anglo-,indian or    
,eurasian type4 ,! entire ,*ri/ian      
community 9 ,burma1 accord+ to !        
,gov]nm5t ,c5sus ( #aiaa1 numb]s        
#baj1jha2 ( :i* numb]1 #abb1bfe are     
,bapti/s1 :ile #fj1jhh are ,roman       
,ca?olics1 #bj1ghd are ,anglicans1      
#a1fge are ,me?odi/s1 & ! rema9d] are   
di/ribut$ among small] sects4 ,t "o     
,prote/ant conv]t ( #ahai has become an 

army ( "o hundr$ & fifty ?\s&4  ,we mu/ 
add to ?is num]ical /atem5t ! facts t a 
corps ( ,*ri/ian lead]s has be5 tra9$ & 
put into s]vice2 t native ,*ri/ians h   
f\nd _! way into influ5tial positions z 
magi/rates1 t[n%ip (fic]s1 tea*]s (     
s*ools1 inspectors ( police1 & cl]ks 9  
all dep>tm5ts ( ! gov]nm5t4 ,*ri/ian m5 
are prom95t 9 bus9ess & pr(essional     
circles1 z trad]s1 contractors1 brok]s1 
physicians1 lawy]s2 & ! ,*ri/ian "* is  
ev]y:]e recogniz$ & honor$4 ,a *ur*1 to 
a l>ge degree self-propagat+1 has be5   
plant$ 9 ,burma4 ,a complete sy/em (    
mission>y education has be5 organiz$4   
,mod]n philan?ropic "w = ! relief &     
prev5tion ( physical ills has be5       
transplant$ to ,burma4 ,! ,sunday       
,s*ool1 ! ,*ri/ian ,endeavor ,society1 !
 temp]ance movem5t1 are common me?ods ( 
,k>5 & ( ,burmese *ur* activity4 ,an    
ext5sive ,*ri/ian lit]ature has be5     
provid$1 9 addition to ! pr9t+ ( !      
,bible 9 all ! ma9 languages ( ! c\ntry4
 ,9 fact1 a ,home ,mission ,society1 = !

 evangelization ( ! natives 9 ! remot]  
sections ( ! c\ntry1 is 9 active        
op]ation4 ,:5 we rememb] t all ?is is ! 
product ( a hundr$ ye>s1 9 a l& :]e only
 a little :ile ago ,*ri/ianity 0 a      
p]secut$ religion1 we praise ,god = !   
result4  ,i mu/ m5tion two features ( my
 visit :i* claim special att5tion4 ,i   
ref] to ! "w ( ! collegiate & o!r       
s*ools1 & to ! hospitality (            
non-,*ri/ian g5tlem54 ,we h inaugurat$ 9
 ,burma a grad$ sy/em ( education1 "u   
gov]nm5t inspection1 & lead+ to full    
univ]sity tra9+4 ,no?+ 9 my travels     
int]e/$ me m ?an to see hundr$s ( boys &
 girls ( ,burmese & ,k>5 families1 9 :i*
 girls h hi!rto be5 unable to read or   
write1 s++ ,*ri/ian hymns f books ) !   
music & words be=e !m4 ,! great ne$ (   
,france1 z ! ,emp]or ,napoleon once     
said1 0 good mo!rs4 ,x is equally true (
 ,burma1 & little *ildr5 c>ry back into 
idolatr\s homes _! love = ,*ri/1 & _!   
juv5ile prote/ aga9/ hea!nism4 ,i       
address$ sev]al audi5ces ( a ?\s& ea*1  

:]e ! full half 7 girls & wom51 no long]
 seclud$ & ignorant1 b prep>$ to assume 
responsibility z ! mo!rs & tra9]s ( a   
new race ( ,burmans4 ,9 ^! s*ools1      
exclusive ( ! sem9>ies & ,bible s*ools1 
!re are enroll$ m ?an #cj1jjj pupils1 :o
 pay annual tuition fees ( m ?an        
#hj1jjj4 ,! ,morton ,lane ,s*ool at     
,maulma91 ! ,eurasian ,s*ool at ! same  
place1 ! ,kem5d9e ,s*ool 9 ,rangoon1 !  
,girls' ,s*ool at ,m&alay1 h ea* ( !m   
ab\t ?ree hundr$ s*ol>s1 & !y are s5d+  
out influ5ces :i* w 9 a few ye>s        
revolutionize ! civilization & !        
religion ( ,burma4 ,o!r s*ools ( n s    
high a grade are do+ equally fai?ful "w4
 ,our ,bapti/ ,college at ,rangoon is   
c>+ = ! high] grades ( education1 & is  
prep>+ hundr$s ( "y m5 = tea*+ & =      
gov]nm5t s]vice4 ,x 0 inspir+ to address
 a ?\s& ( its s*ol>s1 "u ! direction (  
,pr9cipal ,david ,gilmore1 ,d4 ,d41     
=m]ly ( ,ro*e/]4 ,! end[m5t ( su* an    
in/itution 9 ?is hea!n l& w\ld be an    
a*ievem5t wor?y ( "s ,*ri/ian           

millionaire 9 ,am]ica4 ,& ! same ?+ may 
be said = our ,burman ,!ological ,sem9>y
 at ,inse9 "u ,dr4 ,john ,mc,guire1 &   
our ,k>5 ,!ological ,sem9>y "u ,dr4 ,w4 
,f4 ,?omas4  ,t walls ( p>tition are    
break+ d[n "u ! influ5ce ( ,*ri/ianity1 
0 made pla9 to u by invitations to take 
breakfa/ ) a not$ ,p>see b>ri/]1 & to   
take aft]noon-tea ) a weal?y ,mohamm$an 
g5tleman1 bo? ( !m citiz5s ( ,rangoon4  
,! c\rtesy & intellig5ce ( ^! ho/s (    
ours w always be a delightful memory1   
:ile _! novel & beautiful homes reveal$ 
to u :at art & nature c d :5 unit$ 9 o!r
 ?an ,*ri/ian surr\nd+s4 ,our ,p>see    
b>ri/] _h obta9$ 8 education l>gely 9   
,engl&1 & ! ,mohamm$an g5tleman _h      
enjoy$ int]c\rse ) ! be/ ( our ,am]ican 
mission>ies4 ,! ,moslem fri5d /ill      
ma9ta9$ a sort ( seclusion = 8 wife1 &  
only ! ladies ( our p>ty visit$ h] 9 h] 
private ap>tm5ts4 ,b :5 we rose to      
dep>t1 he surpris$ u all by ask+ t we   
(f] pray]1 & he endors$ ! pray] t 0 (f]$
 by utt]+ a he>ty ,am54 ,z we /ood ready

 to g1 x 0 easy to pray = a bless+ ^u ! 
h\se & ! family :i* we 7 leav+ beh9d u4 
,respect = ,*ri/ianity1 & a conviction t
 ,*ri/ian education is ! great ne$ ( !  
future1 are already p]meat+ ! high]     
classes ( ,burman society4  ,! climax ( 
our /ay 9 ,burma 0 rea*$ :5 ,"l         
,*elms=d1 ! vic]oy ( ,india1 visit$     
,rangoon1 & ! lieut5ant gov]nor invit$ u
 to an aft]noon-tea 9 8 honor4 ,! p&al1 
or reception pavilion1 erect$ at ! dock 
:]e ! vic]oy l&$ & :]e he 0 receiv$ ) a 
salute ( ?irty-"o guns1 _h be5 fill$ t  
morn+ by ! lite ( ,burman society1      
fifte5 hundr$ 9 numb]1 & ! address (    
welcome _h drawn f ! vic]oy a fitt+     
response4 ,all ,rangoon 0 a wond] (     
decoration4 ,ar*es ) ,s>ac5ic domes     
built by ! ,moslems1 pagodalike         
/ructures built by ! ,buddhi/s1 ,p>see  
t[]s1 & ,h9du temples1 appe>$ at _m     
/reet-cross+s1 & "o long av5ue 0 l9$ on 
ei!r side ) elevat$ r[s ( b5*es ^u :i* 7
 seat$ ?\s&s ( *ildr5 f ! s*ools4 ,!    
vic]oy pass$ 9 triumphal procession     

betwe5 files ( soldi]y1 ) cavalry = a   
body-gu>d & a d5se mass ( humanity      
?rong+ ! sidewalks1 look+ on & *e]+4 ,at
 night1 ! /reets & public build+s 7     
brilliantly illum9at$1 & ! great pagodas
 glitt]$ l gems f top to bottom1        
encircl$ ) r+s ( electric lights4  ,we  
rea*$ ! ,gov]nm5t ,h\se1 ! sc5e ( !     
aft]noon lawn-tea1 ?r\gh cl\ds ( du/    
rais$ by f\r l9es ( vehicles t /ruggl$ =
 prec$5ce4 ,at la/ we em]g$ 9 ! gr\nds  
be=e ! /ately edifice :]e ! lieut5ant   
gov]nor resides1 & we 7 pres5t$ to ,"l &
 ,lady ,*elms=d4 ,! vic]oy & 8 wife 7   
simple & graci\s 9 mann]1 & !y made u   
feel t we 7 conf]r+ z well z receiv+    
honor4 ,a gr\p ( =ty danc+-girls1 9     
antique ,burmese co/umes1 7 giv+ a      
p]=mance on "o "p ( ! em]ald lawn1 :ile 
on ano!r :ite-rob$ s]vants 7 sett+ be=e 
! gue/s all mann] ( refre%m5ts4 ,s1 amid
 music & fea/+1 ! day end$4 ,) ! oncom+ 
d>kness ! vic]oy & 8 lady retir$ to _!  
ap>tm5ts 9 ! great gov]nm5t resid5ce1 & 
at ! same "t ! :ole company jo9$ 9 s++  

,god ,save ! ,k+6 ,x 0 a /rik+ close to 
our exp]i5ces 9 ,burma1 = fully half ( !
 gue/s t day 7 ,h9dus & ,mohamm$ans1 ea*
 "o ( !m array$ 9 gorge\s g>m5ts &      
decorat$ ) jewels4 ,x left 9 our m9ds ! 
fix$ impression t ! hold ( ,great       
,brita9 ^u ,burma & inde$ ^u all ,india 
is l>gely due to ! ,*ri/ian "* ( ,briti%
 rule1 & t mission>y "w ( evangelization
 & ( education is to be giv5 l>ge cr$it 
= ,india's pres5t univ]sal loyalty to ! 
,briti% ,cr[n4  ,?is *apt] w\ld n be    
complete )\t special m5tion ( ! d9n] (  
our ,ro*e/] m54 ,we numb] ?irte5 ( !m 9 
,burma1 & !y fill v important places 9 !
 "w ( missions4 ,two are graduates ( our
 univ]sity1 b n ( our sem9>y--,mr4 ,f4  
,d4 ,ph9ney1 ! sup]9t5d5t ( our ,mission
 ,press1 & ,dr4 ,david ,gilmore1 ! act+ 
pr9cipal ( our ,bapti/ ,college4 ,) !   
wives :o grac$ ! company1 sev5te5 p]sons
 sat d[n at table4 ,s+is] presid$2      
,mc,guire gave u welcome2 ,dudley1      
,co*rane1 ,rog]s1 ,hatt]sley1 ,craw=d1  
add$ spice to ! occasion4 ,! rew>ds ( a 

tea*] sometimes come late1 b !y are v   
sure4 ,:5 ,i saw t ga!r+ ( mission>y    
work]s1 & rememb]$ ,geis1 ,cope1 &      
,/reet]1 :o 7 prev5t$ f com+1 ,i felt t 
my labor _h n be5 9 va9 9 ! ,"l1 s9ce   
,burma is be+ trans=m$ by ,ro*e/]4  ,&  
,i %all nev] =get a f9al reception giv5 
u at an aft]noon-tea by ,dr4 ,d4 ,w4 ,a4
 ,smi?1 ! presid5t em]itus ( ! ,k>5     
,!ological ,sem9>y at ,inse91 & by 8    
e/imable wife1 to :om ,i _h _h !        
privilege ( pres5t+ a memorial album1 on
 behalf ( all ! tea*]s & mission>ies1 on
 ! occasion ( h] sev5ty-six? bir?day4   
,doctor ,smi? & ,mrs4 ,smi? are honor$ &
 belov$ by all :o "k !m4 ,l myself1 he  
has s]v$ ! cause ( !ological education =
 =ty ye>s1 & has n[ retir$ = p>tial re/4
 ,i am glad t my "n c be 9 any way      
connect$ ) 81 = ,i am sure t 8 works w  
foll[ him4     ,v  ,,m&alay ,,&         
,,gauhati   ,^! two places are types (  
two diff]5t religions1 ! ,buddhi/ & !   
,h9du4 ,m&alay 9 ,burma is !            
repres5tative ( ,buddhism2 ,gauhati 9   

,assam illu/rates ,h9duism4 ,! hill (   
,m&alay is cr[n$ by a pagoda s unique & 
spl5did t x draws pilgrims f e "p (     
,burma2 ! hill at ,gauhati is simil>ly  
attractive 9 ,assam4 ,i h ?\ght t a     
description ( ! two1 & ( ! wor%ip at ea*
 ( !m1 might s]ve to fix 9 memory !     
diff]5ces betwe5 ^! lead+ religions ( ! 
,briti% ,empire 9 ,india4  ,m&alay 0 !  
t]m9us ( our ?ird excursion into ! m    
remote p>ts ( ,burma4 ,f ,rangoon z a   
c5t] ( op]ations1 we w5t fir/ to        
,basse91 :]e our ,burman & our ,k>5     
s*ools = boys & girls are beautifully   
locat$4 ,basse9 is "o hundr$ & n9ety-two
 miles we/ ( ,rangoon4 ,maulma91 our    
second object ( int]e/ & visitation1 is 
"o hundr$ & sev5ty-"o miles di/ant f    
,rangoon on ! s\? & ea/4 ,"h our great  
mission>y1 ,adoniram ,judson1 began 8   
"w1 & "h are two ( our *ief s*ools =    
girls4  ,m&alay is f>!r remov$ f        
,rangoon ?an are ei!r ,basse9 or        
,maulma94 ,x lies ?ree hundr$ &         
eighty-six miles to ! nor?4 ,x 0 a =m]  

capital ( ,burma4 ,x conta9s ! palace ( 
,k+ ,!baw1 ! f\ndations ( :i* are reput$
 to h be5 laid ^u human sacrifices1 & f 
:i* ! k+ 0 driv5 aft] a long & fi]ce    
,briti% assault4 ,anci5t tradition      
decre$ t only sacr$ edifices %\ld be    
built ( brick4 ,!baw's palace is !re=e (
 wood1 ?\gh x is gorge\s ) c>v+ & gilt4 
,surr\nd$ by a wide & deep moat1 !re is 
a wall$ enclosure ( m ?an a mile squ>e1 
^: gateways are picturesque 9 ! extreme1
 & :i* to all b mod]n cannon w\ld be an 
impregnable =tress4  ,b x is ! ,hill (  
,m&alay t mo/ excites ! travel]'s wond] 
& admiration4 ,^u its summit1 comm&+ a  
f>-rea*+ view ( ! w9d+ riv] & ( endless 
paddy-fields1 ) m\nta9s 9 ! di/ance1 /&s
 a pagoda :i* is 9 _m respects m        
rem>kable ?an ! great ,%we ,dagon pagoda
 at ,rangoon4 ,?is "o at ,m&alay might  
inde$ be call$ f\r sep>ate pagodas1 on  
successive heights1 & connect$ ) "o     
ano!r by a /raight /airway 9 "p hewn out
 ( ! solid rock & 9 "p built ( masonry4 
,! /airway consi/s ( eight hundr$ &     

tw5ty-two /eps1 9 f\r diff]5t s]ies1 ea*
 s]ies lead+ to a broad op5 plat=m on   
:i* rises a sep>ate temple ) a colossal 
image ( ,buddha 9 its c5t]4  ,f bel[1   
?is long /airway1 ) its rail+ ( brick or
 concrete & its qu>tet ( gild$ pagodas  
%9+ 9 ! sun1 is a picturesque & unique  
object4 ,! cr[n+ pagoda seems almo/     
impossible ( access4 ,x is set ^u su* a 
height1 h[ev]1 = ! purpose ( mak+ !     
asc5t to ! alt> difficult1 & s ( add+ to
 ! m]it ( its wor%ip]s4 ,! /airway1 ev5 
:5 cut 9 ! rock1 has (t5 =ty or fifty   
/eps s n>r[1 t ! asc5t f plat=m to      
plat=m is actually precipit\s4 ,! entire
 s]ies ( /eps1 f ! bottom ( ! hill to ! 
top1 is ro($ ov] ) %eets ( corrugat$    
iron1 until ! :ole looks l a cov]$ way  
to ! cl\ds4 ,go+ up seem$ an excit+     
adv5ture4 ,my physician _h =bidd5 my    
climb+1 & my wife decl>$ t %e c\ld n    
attempt ! walk4 ,! problem became s]i\s4
  ,! difficulty 0 remov$ by br++ f !    
mission>y's h\se two solid teak-wood    
arm*airs1 to s]ve u aft] ! s$an fa%ion4 

,long poles ( bamboo 7 la%$ und]nea? !m1
 &1 aft] we _h seat$ ourselves1 eight   
m51 f\r = ea* *air1 lift$ ^! poles1 ) _!
 sup]impos$ ,am]ican pilgrims1 ^u _!    
%\ld]s4 ,!n began a triumphal m>*1 :i*  
at e /ep ( ! asc5t ?reat5$ to become a  
fun]al m>*4 ,! be>]s all _h b>e feet1   
feet twice z long z ! /eps 7 broad1 s t 
!y practically w5t upw>d on _! toes4 ,a 
s+le mis/ep w\ld h caus$ disa/]--no?+   
less ?an an avalan*e ( coolies1 *airs1 &
 pilgrims4 ,b my secret>y gu>d$ me1 !   
mission>y gu>d$ my wife1 & we w5t up 9  
safety4  ,go+ upw>d "s two hundr$ /eps1 
we re/$ ^u a plat=m ) a pagoda :i*      
en%r9$ ! /atue ( a ,buddha p]haps tw5ty 
feet 9 height & cov]$ ) gold-leaf f top 
to toe4 ,any wor%ip] c prove 8 fai? by  
clapp+ a bit ( gold-leaf ^u ! /atue4 ,! 
result is t ! h&s & feet ( ,buddha are  
?ick ) encru/$ gold4 ,he holds out 8 h&s
 9 seem+ invitation4 ,two hundr$ feet m 
br\ght u to a second plat=m & a second  
pagoda 9 :i* ,buddha also appe>s2 b n[  
he is 9 ! attitude ( tea*+4 ,/ill ano!r 

asc5t1 & we come to a pagoda 9 :i*      
,buddha /&s1 a t[]+ =m fifty feet 9     
height1 ) 8 f+] ext5d$ 9 expectation    
t[>d ! pla94 ,& a f9al asc5t br+s u to a
 colossal ,buddha1 n[ recl9+1 z if 8 "w 
7 done & he 7 ent]+ ^u ! bliss (        
,nirvana4 ,at ?is la/ /age !re is also a
 s]ies ( waxwork figures :i* symbolize !
 vanity ( life & ( human desire4 ,f\r   
=ms repres5t1 fir/1 ! babe at its "m's  
brea/2 secondly1 ! y\? full ( vigor2 !n 
! old] man hagg>d ) c>e2 & f9ally1 !    
corpse1 ^u ^: vitals ! birds ( ! air are
 prey+4  ,f ! summit ( ?is ,m&alay      
,hill1 ano!r pagoda1 almo/ z fam\s1 is  
to be se54 ,i mean ! ,ku?odaw1 9 ! pla9 
bel[4 ,?is is f\r hundr$ & fifty pagodas
 9 "o1 all b "o ( !m little edifices1   
ea* ) a small sitt+ /atue ( ,buddha )9  
x4 ,an ev5 m rem>kable ?+ is t ea* ( ^! 
dim9utive pagodas has also )9 x a       
portion ( ! ,buddhi/ scriptures1 engrav$
 ^u a solid block ( /one1 & all ( ^!    
toge!r make up ! ,tripitaka1 ^u :i* !   
,buddhi/ p9s 8 fai?4 ,9 ! c5t] ( ! gr&  

enclosure /&s a beautiful :ite pagoda1 )
 wrea?s ( gold ab\t its graceful spire4 
,! long r[s ( little temples1 ) _!      
attempt to pres]ve ! holy book 9 an     
endur+ =m1 are a monum5t to ! fai? ( ,k+
 ,!baw's uncle :o plann$ x4 ,few p1     
h[ev]1 read ! writ+ ^u ! /ones4 ,= any  
practical result x is necess>y to h !   
law ( ! ,"l writt5 ^u ! tables ( ! he>t4
  ,! desc5t f ,m&alay ,hill 0 ev5 m     
haz>d\s ?an ! asc5t1 = we 7 9 cont9ual  
dang] ( slipp+ f our *airs & knock+ ov] 
! be>]s4 ,we 7 pr(\ndly grateful :5 we  
rea*$ ! level gr\nd aga9 & f\nd t we _h 
surviv$4 ,our exp]i5ces ) ,buddhism 7   
in/ructive4 ,! saffron robes ( !        
omnipres5t prie/s & monks und\bt$ly cov]
 mu* laz9ess & mu* will+ness to dep5d = 
a liv+ ^u o!rs4 ,b e ,burman boy expects
 to sp5d "s "t1 ?\gh x may be only a    
week or a mon?1 9 a mona/]y4 ,!re he    
usually le>ns to read1 ?\gh 8 ma9 "w is 
t ( memoriz+ c]ta9 portions ( ! ,buddhi/
 scriptures4 ,s f> z ,i h be5 able to   
le>n1 !re are no positive immoralities  

connect$ ) ,buddhi/ic wor%ip4 ,! example
 ( ,buddha has 9 x "s wor?y elem5ts1 su*
 z ! r5unciation ( e>?ly & s5sual       
ambitions4 ,b ,buddhism1 = all t1 is a  
pessimi/ic religion4 ,x d5ies to man !  
exi/5ce ( a s\l1 & x gives him no hope =
 any?+ b practical ext9ction4 ,buddha no
 long] lives to help 8 wor%ip]s4 ,9 !   
/ruggle ) s91 !re is no atonem5t = !    
transgressions ( ! pa/1 & no prospect ( 
p]fection 9 ! future4 ,h5ce ! prea*+ (  
,*ri/1 crucifi$ = our s9s & ev] pres5t )
 8 p1 is to ! ,buddhi/ a revelation s   
novel & s entranc+1 t x captivates &    
trans=ms him4 ,*ri/ianity humbles pride1
 b x saves ! s\l4 ,x %[s ! impossibility
 ( obta9+ salvation by m]it ( our own1 &
 our absolute dep5d5ce ^u ! grace (     
,god4 ,*ri/ianity awak5s gratitude1 &   
leads to unselfi% devotion4 ,x turns a  
,saul into a ,paul1 & makes him a       
mission>y & a h]o4  ,gauhati is ! pres5t
 capital ( ,assam1 z ,m&alay 0 once !   
capital ( ,burma4 ,l ,burma1 ,assam is  
ov]run by ,h9dus1 :o seek employm5t 9 ! 

tea-plantations & 9 e o!r species (     
labor4 ,^! ,h9dus h br\ght _! religion )
 !m1 & 9 ,assam ! animi/ic religions ( !
 natives v commonly give way to ! m     
poetic & philosophic fai? ( ! ,h9dus4 ,9
 ,gauhati ! ,h9dus h e/abli%$ a temple  
:i* attracts ?\s&s ( pilgrim wor%ip]s f 
all p>ts ( ,assam & inde$ ( ,india1 z ! 
pagoda ( ,m&alay attracts pilgrims f all
 p>ts ( ,burma4 ,! ,gauhati temple1 l t 
at ,m&alay1 is set ^u a beautiful hill n
 f> f ! t[n1 approa*$ only by a long &  
/ony climb1 ?\gh ) _m a re/-h\se on !   
way4 ,?is temple & its wor%ip s         
illu/rate ,h9duism1 t a slight acc\nt ( 
its orig9 & beliefs seems to be         
necess>y4  ,! god ,siva _h a goddess = a
 wife4 ,displeas$ ) h] unfai?fulness1 he
 seiz$ h]1 & ) h] z 8 captive he flew   
?r\gh ! air1 & z he flew1 he cut h] 9   
pieces4 ,! middle portion ( h] body fell
 to ! e>? on ?is hill1 & consecrat$ =ev]
 ?is spot ne> ,gauhati4 ,9 ! temple &   
grove ( ?is hill ! goddess is wor%ip$ by
 su* rites z w please "o ( l[ & lic5ti\s

 ta/es4 ,9 fact1 ! rites ( ?is temple   
are said to be ! mo/ obsc5e ( any 9 !   
,briti% possessions4 ,!re are reput$ to 
be a ?\s& virg9s1 :o subsi/ 9 & ^u !    
temple4 ,! ext5t to :i* !y are virg9s   
may be judg$ by ! numb] ( fa!rless      
*ildr5 cl++ to _! robes or c>ri$ ab\t4  
,^! virg9s1 z is well kn[n1 are m>ri$ to
 ! god ( ! temple--:i* may mean m>ri$   
ei!r to ! prie/s ( ! temple1 or to !    
wor%ip]s ( ! temple4 ,i ask$ a mission>y
 :e!r ^! virg9s1 aft] _! t]m ( s]vice1  
c\ld contract an ord9>y m>riage4 ,i 0   
answ]$ t ! girls 7 m>ri$ to ! temple =  
life4 ,"o ( ^! un=tunate wom5 l$ by ! h&
 a beautiful little daught]4 ,on be+    
ask$ :o ! fa!r 01 ! "m repli$3 ,h[ %\ld 
,i "k8 ,i am a temple-woman4 ,s !       
gratification ( illicit passion becomes 
a religi\s act4 ,! resid5ts ( ,gauhati  
are free to visit ! temple1 & s1 alas6  
are ! eight hundr$ /ud5ts ( ! ,engli%   
college only two miles away4 ,:o c      
measure ! corrupt+ influ5ce ( ?is temple
 ^u ! lives ( ! p ov] a wide area 9     

,assam8  ,a /ud5t ( ! college1 :o 0 also
 a prie/ ( ! temple1 met "o ( our p>ty  
on 8 visit4 ,?is /ud5t-prie/ 0 a "y man 
( m ?an ord9>y intellig5ce4 ,he         
endeavor$ to palliate ! evil ( !        
temple-wor%ip1 & to clo! its acts )     
spiritual significance4 ,he po9t$ to !  
spot :]e goats & buffaloes 7 (f]$ 9     
sacrifice1 & he claim$ t ?is (f]+ 0 made
 9 expiation ( s94 ,su* an explanation (
 ,h9du sacrifices is altoge!r futile4 ,!
 s5se ( guilt is s dull 9 ,h9duism1 t s9
 is little m ?an ext]nal & physical     
impurity1 & may be simply failure to    
con=m to a prescrib$ act ( c]emonial    
wor%ip4 ,! true mean+ ( sacrifice = s9  
has1 9 ,india1 be5 d]iv$ solely f       
,*ri/ian prea*+4 ,?is p>ticul> /ud5t _h 
_m an opportunity to he> su* prea*+1 & !
 k ( atonem5t :i* he tri$ to mix ) 8    
,h9du !ology 0 probably ga9$ f mission>y
 s\rces4 ,x 0 an illu/ration ( !        
incid5tal & indirect ways 9 :i* ,*ri/ian
 missions are p]meat+ ^! ,ori5tal l&s1 &
 are =c+ ^! old religions to adopt "s ( 

! fundam5tal ideas ( ,*ri/ianity4 ,^!   
ideas are misund]/ood & mis/at$1 s t !y 
become 9 l>ge "p =ms ( error4 ,b        
not)/&+1 !y may pave ! way = a full] k (
 ! tru?1 & = ! entrance ( ,*ri/ into !  
he>t & into ! life4     ,,vi            
,,calcutta1 ,,d>jeel+1 ,,& ,,b5>es      
,calcutta is ! l>ge/ city ( ,india4 ,x  
numb]s m ?an a million inhabitants1 (   
:om #fjj1jjj are ,h9dus1 #cjj1jjj are   
,mohamm$ans1 & less ?an #ajj1jjj are    
,*ri/ians4 ,! "n ( ! city is d]iv$ f    
,kali1 ! goddess-wife ( ,siva1 !        
,de/roy]2 & h] temple is "o ( ! mo/     
fil?y & disgu/+ 9 all ,india4 ,9 ?is    
temple ,i saw "o ( its _m prie/esses    
cutt+ into bits ! fle% & entrails ( a   
goat1 :i* _h be5 (f]$ 9 sacrifice1 9    
ord] t ! poore/ wor%ip] might h = 8 f>?+
 some?+ bloody to pres5t at ! alt>4 ,x 0
 ! alt> ( a fi]ce1 cruel1 & lu/ful      
goddess1 ^: black & ugly image c\ld be  
dimly se5 )9 ! %r9e4 ,a /alw>t prie/    
foll[$ me ) h& out/ret*$ = a            
contribution4 ,x 0 a novel s5sation to  

he> him utt]1 9 excell5t ,engli% & )    
seem+ rev]5ce1 ! words1 ! great goddess 
,kali1 z if no "o c\ld d\bt h] p[]4 ,x  
rem9d$ me ( ! great goddess ,diana1 :om 
all ,asia & ! :ole _w once wor%ip$1 b ^:
 temple is n[ an indi/+ui%able heap (   
ru9s4 ,! wor%ip ( a goddess s v5geful & 
s5sual z ,kali ?r\gh\t ,india1 a wor%ip 
bo? ( lu/ & ( fe>1 %[s h[ in]adicable is
 ! religi\s in/9ct1 b h[ p]v]t$ x may   
become :5 exi/+ ap>t f div9e revelation4
  ,!re is ano!r temple 9 ,calcutta ( a  
some:at bett] sort4 ,i ref] to ! temple 
( ! ,ja9s1 t mongrel sect :i* is p>tly a
 re=m$ ,h9duism1 & p>tly a wor%ip (     
,buddha4 ,its temple is a model (       
cleanl9ess & ( ,ori5tal art4 ,its       
decoration consi/s l>gely ( inlaid glass
 ( all ! colors ( ! ra9b[4 ,walls1      
ceil+s1 & columns are fairly ablaze )   
t9t$ arabesques t reflect e ray ( ! sun4
 ,f\nta9s & lawns & /atues m+le _!      
attractions4 ,! effect is "o ( spl5dor &
 beauty4 ,ja9ism is cons]vative         
,h9duism1 recurr+ to ! ance/ral wor%ip (

 ! ,v$as1 exagg]at+ its doctr9e ( !     
sanctity ( animal life1 repudiat+ its   
lat] lic5ti\s developm5ts1 & tak+ 9     
,buddha1 n z ! supreme & sole tea*] (   
religion1 b z only "o ( its great sa9ts 
& h]oes4  ,! real glory ( ,calcutta is  
its relation to mod]n missions4 ,"h is !
 *apel 9 :i* ,william ,c>ey prea*$1 & 9 
:i* ,adoniram ,judson 0 baptiz$4 ,its   
spaci\s con/ruction ev9ces ! fai? & hope
 ( its f\nd]s4 ,b x is 9 ,s]ampore1 :i*1
 ?\gh f\rte5 miles away1 is almo/ a     
suburb ( ,calcutta1 t ,c>ey's "w 0 done4
 ,h[ wond]ful t "w 06 ,a consecrat$     
cobbl]1 he ma/]$ ! languages ( ! ,ori5t1
 & gave ! ,bible to ,india 9 sev]al (   
its tongues4 ,he receiv$ f ! ,briti%    
,gov]nm5t l>ge comp5sation = 8 s]vices z
 int]pret] & translator1 b he gave back 
all ! money he receiv$1 9 ord] to       
support s*ools & missions4 ,! noble     
college at ,s]ampore1 ) its hundr$s (   
/ud5ts1 is 8 be/ memorial4 ,8 tomb 9 !  
cemet]y witnesses to 8 humility ( _s4 ,x
 /&s at "o corn] ( a triangle1 ) ! tombs

 ( ,m>%man & ( ,w>d at ! two rema9+     
corn]s1 b ! only inscription he p]mitt$ 
to be engrav$ ^u x is ! two l9es ( !    
hymn1      ,a wret*$1 lo/1 & helpless   
worm1     ,on ?y k9d arms ,i fall4  ,s  
he left 8 te/imony to ! ne$1 & ! p[]1 ( 
,him :o w ultimately demoli% ,h9du      
temples & en?rone ,*ri/ 9 ,india4  ,f   
,calcutta we travel$ ab\t ?ree hundr$ & 
sev5ty miles nor?w>d to ,d>jeel+4 ,we   
wi%$ to see ! ,himalayas4 ,a mo/ tortu\s
 n>r[-gage railway lift$ u gradually to 
a height ( sev5 ?\s& feet4 ,& !re we _h 
! unusual privilege ( see+ ! sunrise    
tipp+ ) rosy light ! sn[y peak (        
,k9*9j+a1 tw5ty-eight ?\s& feet high &  
=ty-six miles away4 ,mt4 ,ev]e/1 a      
hundr$ miles di/ant1 is tw5ty-n9e ?\s&  
feet high1 b f ,d>jeel+ is invisible4   
,k9*9j+a is ne>ly twice z high z ,mont  
,blanc1 & its glitt]+ mass is a         
spectacle nev] to be =gott54 ,curi\sly  
en\gh1 ^u ! summit ( ,obs]vatory ,hill1 
f :i* we ga9$ our view1 ! immigrant     
,tibetans _h erect$ _! %r9e1 & long1    

inscrib$ pap] & musl9 /ream]s1 enclos+ a
 l>ge quadrangle1 gave to ! w9ds _!     
pray]s4 ,no idol 0 to be se54 ,! wor%ip 
seems to be f> m spiritual ?an t ( !    
,h9dus4 ,nature seems to h taught t     
seclud$ race ( ,tibetans a m primitive  
religion ?an mod]n ,h9duism4 ,x is a    
religion mix$ ) ,buddhism1 b pres]v+ !  
e>li] view ( a div9ity 9 natural        
objects1 :i* ,h9duism has almo/ :olly   
outgr[n4  ,our next po9t ( inve/igation 
0 ,b5>es1 ! holy city1 ! ,mecca &       
,j]usalem ( ! ,h9dus4 ,x is a hotb$ (   
hea!n en?usiasm & ( bl9d$ devotion4 ,!  
sacr$ riv] ,ganges fl[s by1 ) ti] ^u ti]
 ( temples ris+ f its /eep banks--su* a 
conge/ion ( religi\s edifices t "o might
 almo/ d\bt :e!r !y _h left room = any b
 prie/s to live4 ,e day1 hundr$s (      
pilgrims troop ?r\gh its /reets & ?rong 
^! temples1 pres5t+ _! fl[]s & _! (f]+s1
 mak+ _! sacrifices1 & li/5+            
submissively to ! in/ructions & ?reat5+s
 ( ! prie/s4 ,e temple has its sacr$    
animals1 to be sacrific$ or wor%ip$4 ,! 

,gold5 ,temple1 s-nam$1 is cov]$ )      
gold-leaf f its spire to its base4 ,!   
noisy cr[d 9 its corridors1 ! noisome   
odors ( its sanctu>ies1 ! adjurations ( 
its prie/s & _! evid5t aim to turn      
religion into f9ancial ga91 disgu/ !    
,*ri/ian travel]1 :ile !y %[ him h[     
deeply root$ 9 ! human he>t is ?is t[]+ 
sy/em ( idolatry & sup]/ition4  ,b only 
! wat]-view ( ,b5>es pres5ts ,h9duism 9 
its mo/ *>act]i/ic aspect4 ,x is ! sacr$
 riv] t makes sacr$ ! t[n4 ,?is riv] is 
reg>d$ z itself div9e1 = x _h its s\rce 
9 ! m\? ( ,brahma4 ,h5ce x is end[$ )   
life-giv+ & purify+ p[]s4 ,x is bord]$ =
 a full mile by a gr& succession (      
palaces & temples1 ( ba?+ ghats & (     
burn+ ghats4 ,"h ! ,h9du1 (t5 aft] long 
pilgrimage1 wa%es away 8 defilem5t &    
prep>es himself to die4 ,:5 dea?        
actually comes1 8 relatives wa% 8 body 9
 ! holy /ream4 ,b ! ba?+ ghat only makes
 ready = ! burn+ ghat4 ,^! burn+ ghats  
are ca/le-l edifices1 f :i* ! smoke (   
burn+ fle% asc5ds cont9ually4           

,cremation1 ) ! ,h9du1 takes ! place (  
burial4 ,! a%es are collect$ & are      
pres]v$ 9 a tomb4 ,to die 9 ,b5>es1 & to
 h a temple = a tomb1 is ! sure/        
passport to happ9ess 9 a future /ate1   
s9ce ! transmigration ( s\ls into high] 
or l[] =ms is an ess5tial doctr9e (     
mod]n ,h9duism4  ,a weal?y resid5t (    
,b5>es c\rte\sly (f]$ u ! use ( 8       
obs]vation-boat to view ! sc5e ^u ! riv]
 9 ! e>ly morn+4 ,?is riv]-craft 0 a    
d\ble-deck]1 propell$ by o>s f ! l[]    
deck4 ,f ! upp] plat=m1 "o c\ld ov]look 
! c]emonial wa%+s ( hundr$s ( pilgrims4 
,/alw>t m5 plung$ !mselves ?ree times   
into ! /ream1 look$ t[>d ! sun1 jo9$ _! 
h&s1 spoke a pray]1 r9s$ _! sacr$ cord1 
cleans$ _! raim5t1 & !n1 reclad1 w5t to 
! prie/ on 8 plat=m1 to be sme>$ ) a%es 
on ! =ehead & m>k$ ) a little color$    
dot1 z a c]tificate t !y _h correctly   
p]=m$ _! v[4 ,brahma1 ,vi%nu1 & ,siva1  
_h ea* 8 wor%ip]s & 8 prie/s1 to give ! 
appropriate m>k4 ,! holy man 0 !re1 ei!r
 ^u 8 b$ ( spikes or 9 an attitude :i*  

sugge/$ torture1 & ready to receive !   
homage1 & ! money z well1 ( 8 b5ight$   
admir]s4 ,mo!rs 7 pres5t1 imm]s+ n only 
!mselves b also _! *ildr54 ,all ! ba!rs 
mu/ dr9k ( ! muddy & fetid wat]1 =      
purification int]nal is z ne$ful z      
purification ext]nal4 ,& s1 hundr$s (   
wor%ip]s e day1 & on special fea/-days  
?\s&s1 dr9k ?is wat] ( ! sacr$ ,ganges1 
f\l ) ! /a9s ( disease & reek+ ) ! sweat
 ( ! dead4 ,x is no wond] t ! burn+     
ghats h no lack ( bus9ess1 & no wond] t 
m$ical exp]ts h trac$ epidemics ( *ol]a1
 smallpox1 & plague1 9 ,we/]n l&s1 to   
?is city ( ,b5>es1 :]e ,satan's seat is4
 ,! ?rone ( ! great adv]s>y1 h[ev]1     
seems to be built on v insuffici5t      
f\ndations1 = n a few ( ! temples :i*   
l9e ! /eep banks ( ! riv] h toppl$ ov]1 
or h sunk into ! yield+ s&4 ,_! massive 
fragm5ts1 at ! base ( long /airways (   
/one1 %[ h[ hide\s is ! ru9 ( any sy/em 
( religion :i* is n f\nd$ ^u ,*ri/1 !   
,rock4     ,,vii  ,,luckn[1 ,,agra1 ,,& 
,,delhi   ,at la/ we are on ,mohamm$an  

gr\nd--at lea/ on gr\nd :]e             
,mohamm$anism has a p[]ful1 & p]haps a  
controll+1 influ5ce4 ,?is nor?we/ "p (  
,india 0 ! sc5e ( ,moslem conque/ 9 !   
n9? c5tury4 ,mohamm$ans h always pr\dly 
contemn$ idolatry1 & !y h (t5 be5       
iconocla/s1 z _m headless ,h9du images c
 witness4 ,nor?we/ ,india saw ! rise & !
 /r5g? ( ! great mut9y ( half a c5tury  
ago1 b x 0 ,moslem rajas & fai?ful      
,moslem troops :o help$ to put x d[n4   
,mohamm$an fai? 9 ! unity & p]sonality (
 ,god might at fir/ sight seem to r5d]  
its adh]5ts m accessible ?an are ,h9dus 
to ! gospel ( ,*ri/4 ,z a matt] ( fact1 
h[ev]1 ! v elem5ts ( tru? 9 _! belief   
make !m too (t5 /\t oppon5ts (          
,*ri/ianity4 ,!y are religi\s bigots1 z 
! ,h9dus are n4 ,! ,h9du has a pan!on to
 :i* he c1 ) "s %[ ( consi/5cy1 invite  
,*ri/4 ,! ,mohamm$an decl>es t !re is b 
"o ,god1 & t ,mohamm$ is 8 prophet4 ,s  
he d5ies ,*ri/'s claim to be ei!r ,god  
or ,savi\r4  ,luckn[ 0 deeply int]e/+1 =
 "h 0 exhibit$ "o ( ! mo/ h]oic & ?rill+

 def5ses ev] made 9 hi/ory4 ,m ?an two  
hundr$ wom5 & *ildr5 sp5t ?ree mon?s (  
agony 9 ! cell>s ( ! ,briti% resid5cy1  
:ile husb&s & fa!rs & fri5ds1 to ! numb]
 ( sev5te5 hundr$1 7 expos$ to ! besieg+
 =ce & ! murd]\s fire ( fifty ?\s&      
mut9e]s4 ,! headqu>t]s ( ! def5d]s 7    
riddl$ ) %ot & %ell1 & ! resid5cy is n[ 
a ru94 ,b only "o %ot p5etrat$ ! retreat
 ( ! wom5 & *ildr5 bel[1 & ( ^! only "o 
woman lo/ h] life4 ,cr[d$ toge!r 9 !    
heat ( ! summ]1 torm5t$ by flies1 half  
fami%$ = lack ( food1 ^! brave wom5 held
 out !mselves & enc\rag$ ! protect+     
g>rison1 ?\gh ( ! sev5te5 hundr$ m5 only
 sev5 hundr$ at ! end ( ! siege rema9$  
alive4 ,sir ,h5ry ,lawr5ce di$ ( a      
cannon-%ot1 exhort+ 8 soldi]s to ! la/  
man to die1 r ?an to surr5d]4 ,we 7 glad
 to pay rev]5ce to 8 brav]y1 by a visit 
to 8 tomb4 ,al?\gh he di$1 ! flag (     
,engl& flew ov] ! =tress1 9 spite (     
innum]able ef=ts ( ! enemy to br+ x d[n4
 ,& to-day1 9 memory ( t fact1 x is !   
only flag 9 ! ,briti% ,empire t is n    

l[]$ at sunset4 ,! joy ( ! def5d]s & (  
^? :om !y def5d$ may be imag9$1 :5      
,g5]al ,havelock appe>$ 9 _! relief1 & !
 great mut9y 0 suppress$4 ,t victory    
settl$ ! pre/ige ( ! ,engli% 9 ,india4  
,all classes n[ recognize ! milit>y     
/r5g? z well z ! judicial fairness (    
,briti% rule4 ,)\t x1 ,india w\ld be a  
c\ntry ( w>r+ races1 = ,mohamm$an &     
,h9du ev5 to-day live 9 slumb]+ jeal\sy 
( ea* o!r4  ,?is lat5t ho/ility1 ,i am  
happy to say1 %[s "s signs ( we>+ away4 
,! desire = m ( home-rule is br++ ^! two
 great races toge!r 9 conv5tions1 ) a   
view to ! discov]y ( "s me?od (         
coop]ation betwe5 !m4 ,p>liam5t>y       
gov]nm5t 9 ,*9a & ,japan has _h its     
effect 9 ,india1 & ,brita9 w soon be    
compell$ to admit h] ,indian populations
 to a l>g] %>e 9 municipal & prov9cial  
adm9i/ration4 ,b democracy c be         
successful1 only :5 conflict+ classes   
f9d "s basis = h>mony4 ,engli% mission>y
 & educational in/itutions are do+ mu*  
to reconcile ,h9dus & ,mohamm$ans to "o 

ano!r1 & ?is may prep>e ! way1 n simply 
= free gov]nm5t1 b also = ! acceptance  
by bo? p>ties ( a religion 9 :i* all _! 
elem5ts ( tru? are includ$1 :ile _!     
p]v]sions ( tru? are sl\gh$ (f4  ,by    
,engli% educational & mission>y         
in/itutions ,i mean mu* m ?an ,*ur* (   
,engl& s*ools & colleges4 ,9 ,luckn[ we 
visit$ ! ,isabella ,?oburn ,college1 "u 
,am]ican ,me?odi/ control1 & 7 greatly  
impress$ by its noble equipm5t 9 ! way (
 build+s & tea*]s4 ,bo? boys & girls h  
"h ! opportunity ( secur+ an education z
 high 9 grade z ! sophomore ye>s ( our  
,am]ican colleges1 & ( prep>+ !mselves =
 ! advanc$ "w ( a great ,indian         
univ]sity4 ,all ?is is "u ,*ri/ian      
influ5ces1 & has its fruit 9 _m a       
conv]sion to ,*ri/4 ,m>t9ire ,college is
 also nobly equipp$ & end[$1 b x is     
solely = ,engli% boys1 :o are g5]ally ! 
sons ( ,briti% (ficials 9 ,india4 ,i _c 
speak too highly ( ^! means ( education 
n[ furni%$ by all our great d5om9ations1
 9 all ! cities ( ,india4 ,i c\ld only  

wi% t our ,bapti/ p at home might see h[
 f> ,*ri/ians ( o!r names h (t5 surpass$
 !m 9 _! gifts & prep>ations = ! future 
( a c\ntry ^: population is ?ree times z
 l>ge z our own4  ,at ,luckn[ we _h !   
r>e opportunity ( see+ ! mango trick    
p]=m$ by an exp]t juggl]4 ,he fir/ %[$ u
 a j>1 fill$ ) innoc5t s&1 s dry t x    
fell easily ?r\gh 8 f+]s z he lift$ a   
h&ful4 ,!n he pres5t$ a dry mango se$1  
:i* he plant$ 9 ! s& & wat]$4 ,! j> 0   
plac$ on ! /one pavem5t ( ! hotel1 n t5 
feet away f our eyes4 ,he cov]$ ! j> ) a
 little t5t n two feet 9 diamet]4 ,aft] 
a few passes ( ! h&1 ! t5t 0 lift$4 ,!  
se$ _h already spr\t$1 & _h become a    
twig ) leaves4 ,cov]+ ! plant once m1 he
 call$ our att5tion to a cobra-*>m]1 :o 
play$ h>mlessly ) a hood$ & v5om\s      
snake4 ,at la/ he ?rew ! t5t :olly      
aside1 & !re /ood a fully develop$      
little mango tree1 p]haps two feet high4
 ,x seem$ impossible t ! folds ( ! t5t1 
:i* _h be5 %ak5 out at ! beg9n+1 c\ld   
possibly h held x4 ,! juggl]'s me?od 0  

simplicity itself4 ,if ,i _h n previ\sly
 se5 9 ,am]ica a necromanc] cut 8 wife's
 head (f1 & !n put x on aga9 s slick t  
%e seem$ to h receiv$ no injury1 ,i     
might h begun to believe t ?is ,indian  
juggl] _h sup]natural p[]s4  ,to ,luckn[
 succe$$ ,agra4 ,! great wond] & prize (
 ,agra is1 ( c\rse1 ! ,taj ,mahal4 ,s we
 made our way to x be=e sunrise1 & saw  
its exquisite columns & its :ite m9>ets 
9 ! rosy light ( ! e>lie/ morn+2 !n     
aga91 z ! sun 0 sett+1 we saw its la/   
rays fall ^u ! sn[-:ite dome4 ,z "o     
looks ^u ! ,taj f ! noble gateway ?r\gh 
:i* "o ent]s ! enclos+ p>k1 he sees also
 its reflection 9 ! long l9es ( wat] t  
lie betwe51 & x seems a miracle (       
beauty4 ,b :5 y rea* ! edifice itself1 &
 p]ceive t its simplicity is comb9$ )   
lavi% ri*ness ( decoration1 m>ble &     
preci\s /ones be+ s wov5 toge!r t !y =m 
"o gorge\s & spl5did :ole1 y c only     
admire ! affection t plann$ ?is memorial
 to a belov$ wife1 & ! art :i* has      
succe$$ 9 con/ruct+ an edifice :i*1 aft]

 six c5turies1 is /ill recogniz$ z a    
wond] ( ! _w4 ,yet ! ,moslem emp]or :o  
built x 0 depos$ by 8 son1 & !n         
imprison$ n f> away1 ! *ief solace &    
recreation grant$ him be+ ?is1 t f 8    
prison-ro( he c\ld look out ^u ! ,taj   
,mahal4  ,! ,pe>l ,mosque & ! ,jasm9e   
,t[]1 ! ,c\rts ( ,public & ( ,private   
,audi5ce1 9 ! palace :i* ! ,moslem      
emp]or once occupi$1 are monum5ts (     
ar*itecture s rem>kable & s beautiful1 t
 no description ( m9e c fairly repres5t 
! impression :i* !y made ^u me4 ,!y are 
surr\nd$ & protect$ by ! ,=t1 an        
enclosure half a mile squ>e1 ^: massive 
wall is itself a wond]4 ,9 ! days :5 ^! 
/ructures 7 built1 labor 0 *eap1 = !    
mon>* _h only to impress & to fe$ 8     
labor]s4 ,b arti/ic g5ius is always r>e4
 ,! ,mohamm$an conque/ & sov]eignty ( ! 
pa/ produc$ & enc\rag$ a fl[]+ out (    
art1 comp>able to t ( ! days (          
ca!dral-build+ 9 ,engl&1 & ( ! "t (     
,p]icles :5 sculpture & ar*itecture s   
fl\ri%$ 9 ,greece4 ,9 all ! _w !re is   

no?+ m elaborate or beautiful ?an !     
p]=at$ m>ble ( ^! ,ori5tal scre5s1 & !  
intricate c>v+ ( ^! ,ori5tal pill>s4 ,! 
,alhambra 9 ,spa9 has its sup]iors 9    
,india1 bo? = spl5dor ( color & = beauty
 ( patt]n4 ,! arabesques ( ^! ,ori5tal  
mosques exhibit p[]s ( inv5tion ( !     
highe/ ord]4 ,x has be5 well said t _!  
ar*itects design$ l ,titans1 & f9i%$ l  
jewel]s4 ,bo? ! ?rone ( ! ,mogul ,emp]or
 ,akb> & 8 tomb 9 ,agra are pro(s t ev5 
! gra9 ( tru? 9 ,mohamm$anism c awak5   
intellig5ce & en?usiasm 9 ^? :o receive 
x1 & t1 9 ! conflict ) idol sy/ems1 x   
has p[] to conqu] ! _w4  ,an acc\nt (   
our visit to ,delhi may well complete my
 summ>y ( ,mohamm$an influ5ces 9 ,india4
 ,delhi 0 ! capital ( ,india long be=e  
,akb> reign$ & ! l(ty t[] ( ! ,kutab    
,m9> 0 built4 ,b ,h9du influ5ce has     
comb9$ ) ,mohamm$an 9 lead+ ! ,briti% to
 re/ore ,delhi to its =m] position z !  
c5t] ( gov]nm5tal au?ority4 ,tradition  
has h&$ d[n a pr$iction t mak+ ,delhi   
its capital m>k$ ! end ( ea* p[] t      

ass]t$ itself4 ,h5ce !re h be5 _m       
,delhis1 z !re h be5 _m anci5t ,romes1 &
 ?is pres5t ,delhi mu/ be succe$$ by a  
new ,delhi :i* ,briti% au?ority &       
res\rces w build4 ,! new ,delhi w be !  
n9?1 z ! pres5t ,delhi is ! eigh?1 ( !  
long s]ies4 ,ru9s ( ! e>li] ,delhis are 
ab\t x on e side4 ,n[1 at la/1 a great  
tract ( l& has be5 appropriat$ = ! new  
seat ( gov]nm5t :i* w rise f ! du/4     
,tempor>y build+s h be5 erect$4 ,!      
p]man5t ones w soon foll[4 ,we may be   
sure t !y w be spl5did & suit$ to mod]n 
ta/es1 :ile !y /ill pres]ve ! *>act]i/ic
 features ( ,indian ar*itecture4  ,by   
mak+ ?is new ,delhi ! ,briti% capital ( 
,india1 x is s\ght to impress ! ,ori5tal
 m9d ) ,brita9's claims to be supreme1  
:ile at ! same "t ! old traditional     
pr$iction is evad$4 ,let u hope t !     
device w accompli% its purpose4 ,!      
prosp]ity ( ,india is b\nd up ) !       
recognition by all races & p>ties (     
,engl&'s "r to rule4 ,i w\ld n ju/ify   
all ! /eps by :i* ,brita9 has ga9$ h]   

p[]1 nor w\ld ,i ignore c]ta9 defects ( 
h] lat] adm9i/ration4 ,b !re is no "q z 
to ! g5]al ju/ice ( ,briti% rule1 nor z 
to ! fact t1 )\t x1 ,india's w>r+ races 
& religions w\ld n[ be ! ru9 ( all peace
 & progress4 ,:5 we rememb] t 9 ?is l& (
 =m] fam9es ! population has increas$   
s9ce #aheh by "o hundr$ millions2 t     
=ty-six ?\s& miles ( canals h be5 dug = 
irrigation1 & m ?an tw5ty-two million   
acres h !reby be5 reclaim$2 t trade has 
increas$ 9 ! la/ half-c5tury f ?ree     
hundr$ millions to f\rte5 hundr$        
millions2 t ! value ( l& is n[ l>g] by  
fifte5 hundr$ millions ?an x 0 fifty    
ye>s ago2 t !re are n[ ?irty-two ?\s&   
miles ( railway 9 op]ation & sev5ty-six 
?\s& miles ( telegraph2 t ! ,indian ,po/
 ,(fice n[ h&les n9e hundr$ millions (  
lett]s1 newspap]s1 & o!r matt] e ye>2 we
 may well d\bt :e!r any conque/ ( hi/ory
 has br\ght ab\t s great or s b5efic5t  
results z h foll[$ :at we mu/ reg>d z   
,engl&'s comm]cial absorption ( ,india4 
,!re are d\btless s$iti\s & an>*i/ic    

elem5ts 9 ! ,indian populations :i* ne$ 
to be kept "u & subdu$4 ,let u rememb] t
 only "o-t5? "p ( ! m51 & only          
"o-hundr$? "p ( ! wom51 "k h[ to read4  
,!re is a va/ prolet>ian mass1 ignorant 
& inflammable1 ready to foll[ lead]s (  
bett] education1 b less pr9ciple1 ?an   
!mselves4 ,?is mass ! ,briti% ,gov]nm5t 
has fail$ to educate1 s t1 :ile n9ety p]
 c5t ( ! p 9 ,japan c read1 9 ,india    
only "o-t5? z _m c read4 ,"o ( ! greate/
 mi/akes ( ,engli% adm9i/ration has be5 
its beg9n+ ( education at ! top1 in/ead 
( at ! bottom4 ,x has e/abli%$          
univ]sities1 b n elem5t>y s*ools4 ,!    
excuse1 ( c\rse1 has be51 t diff]5ces ( 
ca/e & ( religion h made x impossible to
 put ,h9du *ildr5 & ,mohamm$an *ildr51  
,brahman *ildr5 & ,sudra *ildr51 toge!r1
 9 ! same s*ools4 ,& yet1 9 !           
univ]sities1 pupils ( all ^! v>i\s      
classes sit side by side1 & "s plan1 x  
w\ld seem1 might h be5 devis$ to apply !
 same rule1 s z to secure univ]sal &    
compulsory elem5t>y education4 ,! high] 

education1 tak5 alone1 has its dang]s2 x
 is s\ght only by p ( means &           
intellig5ce2 _m seek x f no love (      
le>n+1 b only 9 ord] to prep>e !mselves 
= gov]nm5t (fices4 ,b !re are n en\gh   
(fices to g r\nd4 ,! disappo9t$ m5 w n  
"w ) _! h&s2 !y f9d _! avocation 9 !    
plott+ ( s$ition4 ,x is ! high-ca/e     
educat$ ,brahmans :o h edit$ ! malcont5t
 p]iodicals1 & h organiz$ ! revolution>y
 conspiracies1 :i* h ( late br$ s mu*   
tr\ble = ! gov]nm5t 9 ,india4 ,i rejoice
 !re=e 9 ! rise ( factories1 & 9 ! new  
emphasis t is be+ laid on indu/rial     
education4 ,^! w d mu* to develop !     
res\rces ( ,india4 ,b :at is mo/ ne$$ is
 ! _s ( peace & ju/ice2 ?is is furni%$  
by ! gospel ( ,*ri/4 ,i !re=e believe t 
! gospel is ! only real gu>anty to      
,india ( its political z well z its     
religi\s welf>e4  ,! ,friday            
pray]-s]vice 9 ! great mosque ( ,delhi 0
 a /rik+ spectacle4 ,! op5 c\rt 9 front 
( ! mosque is f\r hundr$ & fifty feet   
squ>e1 surr\nd$ by a cloi/]1 & pav$ )   

granite inlaid ) m>ble4 ,?ree or f\r    
?\s& wor%ip]s1 9 p>allel r[s1 /ret*$ f  
side to side ( ! great enclosure4 ,at ! 
summons ( ! mollah1 or (ficiat+ prie/1  
all ^! wor%ip]s1 9 p]fect unison1       
pro/rat$ !mselves ) fold$ h&s1 & repeat$
 9 a l\d voice1 ,god is great4 ,ea*     
devotee _h previ\sly purifi$ himself1 by
 cleans+ 8 m\? & h&s & feet 9 ! op5 tank
 9 ! c5t] ( ! great esplanade4 ,inasmu* 
z ! ,delhi mosque is ! l>ge/ & mo/      
spl5did ea/ ( ,cairo1 ! entire spectacle
 0 mo/ impressive4  ,if ,turkey _h n    
jo9$ a ,*ri/ian p[] by h] alliance )    
,g]many1 ,mohamm$ans ?r\gh\t ! _w might 
h tak5 ,g]many's side aga9/ ! ,allies1 &
 might h ?reat5$ ! peace ( ,india4 ,t   
dang] is n[ provid5tially av]t$4 ,!     
,moslem rul]s h held fa/ to _!          
allegiance to ! ,briti% ,cr[n4 ,?is city
 ( ,delhi1 ) ! s*ools ( ! ,me?odi/s1 !  
,anglicans1 & ! ,engli% ,bapti/s1 is    
p]meat$ ) religi\s influ5ces t attract  
its native populations1 & ^! influ5ces  
are cont9ually less5+ ! prospect ( any  

future rebellion su* z ! mut9y ( fifty  
ye>s ago4     ,,viii  ,,jaipur1 ,,mt4   
,,abu1 ,,& ,,ahm$abad   ,india1 z is    
well kn[n1 is a "p ( ! ,briti% ,empire1 
& is "u ! sway ( ! ,briti% ,gov]nm5t4   
,yet1 = adm9i/rative purposes1 x is     
divid$ into presid5cies1 prov9ces1 &    
native /ates4 ,! presid5cies & prov9ces 
are :olly adm9i/]$ by ,briti% (ficials4 
,! native /ates are adm9i/]$ by rajas & 
o!r ,indian rul]s1 ) ! pres5ce 9 ea*    
capital ( a resid5t (fic] :o repres5ts !
 ,briti% ,gov]nm5t & :o is accessible = 
consultation 9 case ( necessity4 ,!     
relations betwe5 ! rajas & ! resid5ts   
are fri5dly1 & only ! grave/ matt]s are 
ref]r$ to ! repres5tative ( ! ,cr[n4    
,all o!r affairs are c>$ = by ! native  
rul]1 :o is att5d$ by a di/+ui%$ suite &
 :o ma9ta9s q a royal c\rt4 ,?is species
 ( self-gov]nm5t is ! rew>d1 grant$ by !
 ,briti% ,gov]nm5t aft] ! mut9y ( #aheg1
 to ! rul]s ( ! native /ates1 :o rema9$ 
fai?ful to ,briti% int]e/s & assi/$ 9 ! 
suppression ( ! great rebellion4 ,!     

gov]nm5t ( ^! native rul]s is 9 g5]al   
wor?y ( praise4 ,_m ( !m are progressive
 m52 !y h travel$ abroad2 !y h be5      
affect$ by ,we/]n ?\ght2 !y h introduc$ 
mod]n re=ms & sy/ems ( education1 to !  
great b5efit ( _! subjects4 ,9 ?is      
pres5t h\r ( crisis1 ! majority ( !m h  
be5 loyal to ! ,briti% ,gov]nm5t1 & h   
contribut$ m5 & means = ! cause ( !     
,allies4 ,x 0 int]e/+ 9 our j\rney      
across ,india to trav]se sev]al ( ^!    
native /ates2 & x 0 difficult to obs]ve 
any diff]5ce betwe5 ^! sections & !     
portions ( ! empire (fic]$ solely by !  
,briti%4 ,we saw no ,briti% soldi]s1 b  
only native troops4 ,!re 0 less (       
,engli% language & cu/om preval5t4 ,!   
,h9du1 ,mohamm$an1 & ,ja9 seem$ to h ?+s
 v mu* to !mselves4 ,!y1 aft] all1 are !
 real ,india1 ! h]$it>y ,india1 :ile at 
! same "t !y are feel+ ! influ5ce (     
mod]n railways & mod]n comm]ce4         
,jaipur1 :i* is ! capital ( a native    
/ate1 0 especially int]e/+4 ,x has be5  
call$ ,! ,p9k ,city1 ei!r because !     

mah>aja owns all ! prop]ty on ! bus9ess 
/reets & himself sees t e build+ is     
pa9t$ ( a p9k color1 or because he      
compels e private own] to con=m to 8    
fix$ rules ( con/ruction & decoration4  
,at any rate1 ! wide /reets ( ,jaipur   
are laid out l ^? ( ! homel&1 & are l9$ 
) p9k /ructures ( only "o type (        
ar*itecture & only "o type (            
ornam5tation4 ,ev5 ,p>is c pres5t no    
bett] illu/ration ( ! value ( sup]vision
 9 build+4 ,!re are no sky-scrap]s4 ,!re
 are long r[s ( %ops & resid5ces1 )     
arcades 9 front ( !m1 & ) _m v>iations 9
 plan & decoration1 :ile at ! same "t "o
 tone ( p9k1 toge!r ) ! sky-l9e & !     
arcade-l9e is pres]v$ )\t important     
*ange2 ! ,ori5tal type ( build+ is      
pres]v$2 & !re is a uni=m /yle (        
ar*itecture f "o end ( ! /reet to ! o!r4
 ,no city 9 ! _w s well illu/rates ,mrs4
 ,humphrey ,w>d's quotation ( ! poet's  
words1      ,a rose-r$ city1 half z old 
z ,"t4  ,x is n ! city ( ,jaipur1 h[ev]1
 :i* m]its our *ief att5tion1 ?\gh !    

mah>aja's t[n-palace & 8 qua9t          
a/ronomical obs]vatory are bo? ( !m     
deeply int]e/+4 ,?is obs]vatory has no  
t[] & no telescope4 ,x %[s :at c be done
 by sun-dials & /ructures almo/ level ) 
! gr\nd to m>k ! movem5ts ( ! heav5ly   
bodies1 & ?us demon/rates t primitive   
/>gaz]s might ev5 ?us e>ly acquire a v  
consid]able k ( a/ronomy4 ,! sci5tific &
 lit]>y ta/es ( ?is ,ori5tal mon>* are  
also indicat$ by a noble public libr>y (
 8 own f\ndation1 :i* conta9s a         
priceless collection ( books &          
manuscripts 9 all ! languages ( ! ,ea/4 
,b x is ,amb] t con/itutes ! *ief       
attraction ( a visit to ,jaipur4 ,amb]  
is ! orig9al metropolis & ! anci5t seat 
( gov]nm5t1 five miles di/ant f ! pres5t
 ,jaipur1 & ev5 n[ ! summ] resid5ce ( ! 
mah>aja1 ?\gh ! old city :i* once lay   
ar\nd ! rocky =tress has become a wa/e (
 ru94 ,! palace at ,amb] is situat$ on a
 hilltop sev]al hundr$ feet above !     
level ( ! pla91 & comm&+ magnific5t     
views ( ! surr\nd+ c\ntry4 ,next to !   

sight ( riv] or sea f a m\nta9 summit1 !
 view ( broad & level pla9s /ret*+ f>   
away is mo/ beautiful1 & su* a view !   
,indian rul] secur$ :5 he built 8 summ] 
resid5ce ^u ?is em95ce4  ,we came       
expect+ to f9d ,india hot1 b we h f\nd !
 nor!rn "p ( ,india v cool4 ,s x 0      
reviv+ & refre%+ to take ! drive f      
,jaipur to ,amb] 9 an automobile1 ov] a 
noble roadway ) slightly asc5d+ grade & 
skirt+ an orig9ally spl5did palace1 once
 9 ! c5t] ( an isl&1 b n[ 9 ! b$ ( a    
dri$-up lake4 ,:5 we left ! motor-c> at 
! f9al l(ty hill1 ! des]t$ city ( ,amb] 
t[]$ above u4 ,h[ %\ld we rea* t ?reat5+
 height8 ,?ree gorge\sly cap>ison$      
elephants solicit$ our patronage = !    
asc5t4 ,b be=e mak+ t asc5t1 !re 0 ano!r
 asc5t to make4 ,we _h to asc5d !       
elephants4 ,ladd]s 7 br\ght to our      
assi/ance1 & up ! ladd]s we climb$ to ! 
h[dah1 or squ>e seat on ! top ( ! bulky 
bea/s4 ,ea* elephant _h to c>ry two     
pass5g]s4 ,i1 on "o side ( ! animal t   
bore me1 _h my weight balanc$ by t ( my 

c\ri]1 :o rode on ! o!r side4 ,ea* ( u 0
 compell$ to let 8 legs dangle ov] !    
edge ( ! h[dah4 ,all w5t well until !   
elephant came to ! n>r[ "p ( ! road4    
,!re he ev9c$ a vici\s prop5sity to     
plant 8 feet close to ! edge ( !        
precipice4 ,!re 0 inde$ a rail+ b5ea?   
me1 b1 cl++ z ,i 0 some:at convulsively 
to my slipp]y seat1 ! rail+ 0 invisible4
 ,s ,i seem$ to myself at times to be   
hang+ ov] ! abyss4 ,if ,i slipp$ f my   
seat1 ,i might fall f\r hundr$ feet4 ,x 
0 n a pleas+ situation4 ,b ! elephant   
knew 8 bus9ess4 ,he trod ! pa? 9 p]fect 
confid5ce4 ,& s1 9 royal /ate1 ?\gh 9   
m9d trem5d\sly afloat1 we made ! long & 
/eep climb1 until we rea*$ ! palace ( ! 
k+4 ,! mah>aja1 h[ev]1 0 n at home t day
 to receive u4 ,he is a ,h9du devotee1 &
 at ! "t ( our visit he 0 mak+ a        
pilgrimage to ,b5>es1 ! sacr$ city4 ,!  
fir/ ?+ we saw1 :5 we ent]$ ! c\rt ( 8  
excell5cy1 0 ! spot :]e e morn+ a       
bullock or a goat is sacrific$ z an (f]+
 to 8 hea!n god4  ,/ill1 e prospect     

pleases4 ,! views ( m\nta9 & pla9 f ?is 
elevation among ! hills are s beautiful 
t "o c only admire ! ta/e ( ! pr9ce :o  
made ?is 8 *os5 dwell+-place4 ,& !      
palace itself is a fasc9at+ /udy 9 art &
 ar*itecture4 ,long corridors are turn$ 
into cloi/]s ar*$ & %ad$ f ! sun4 ,tanks
 ( wat]1 ) f\nta9s play+ 9 ! c5t]1      
provide refre%+ ba?s4 ,halls ( public & 
( private audi5ce are gorge\s ) crimson 
& gold4 ,temples = wor%ip are add$1 bo? 
= daily devotion & = great /ate         
occasions4 ,9 %ort1 "h are all !        
appurt5ances ( an ,ori5tal c\rt1 comb9$ 
) private luxury & seclusion4 ,:ile !   
multitudes mu/ toil & suff] 9 ! pla9s   
bel[1 ! mah>aja may re/ & enjoy himself 
9 8 hilltop palace4 ,i w\ld n1 h[ev]1   
imply t ?is p>ticul> mon>* is n 9 _m    
respects a l>ge-m9d$ & lib]al man4 ,! _m
 evid5ces ( 8 ta/e & public _s 9 ,jaipur
 rectify any wrong impressions "o might 
ga9 f a visit to ,amb]4  ,! next day we 
rea*$ a /ation call$ ,abu ,road1 f\r    
hundr$ miles to ! s\? ( ,delhi1 & ab\t  

half-way to ,bombay4 ,true to its "n1   
,abu ,road furni%$ u ! road to ,abu     
,m\nta94 ,aga9 we proce$$ by motor-c>1 t
 great annihilator ( di/ance 9 a =eign  
l&4 ,?is road1 9 its gradual asc5t1 is a
 noble piece ( eng9e]+4 ,x is exce$+ly  
tortu\s1 = x foll[s ! cont\r ( ! m\nta9 
9 m>vel\sly skilful curves4 ,all ! way =
 two h\rs1 & cov]+ an asc5t ( f\r ?\s&  
five hundr$ feet1 !re are en*ant+ views4
 ,tropical birds & trees 7 on e h&1     
toge!r ) cactus ( _m v>ieties2 gre5 & r$
 p>rots scream$ ?r\gh ! air2 peacocks   
spread !mselves 9 ! sun2 & monkeys      
scamp]$ across our pa?4  ,"o ( ! spurs (
 ,mt4 ,abu is call$ ,dilw>ra4 ,x is !   
seat ( ! *ief temple 9 ,india ( ! ,ja9s1
 t ,h9du sect :i* claims to h pres]v$ ! 
anci5t religion ( ! ,v$as1 & to h kept x
 true to ! ance/ral fai?4 ,z ,i h be=e  
rem>k$1 ! ,ja9s aim to escape ! possible
 mis]ies ( transmigration1 & to atta9 ! 
bliss ( ,nirvana1 ev5 9 ! pres5t life4  
,ja9ism1 l e o!r hea!n sy/em1 is an ef=t
 to e>n salvation by labors & sacrifices

 ( "o's own4 ,its works ( righte\sness1 
h[ev]1 are (t5 uncall$-= exagg]ations ( 
natural virtues1 su* z c\nt+ sacr$ all  
=ms ( animal & vegetable life4 ,! mo/   
devot$ ( ! sect we> a clo? ov] _! m\?s1 
le/ !y %\ld de/roy an insect by swall[+ 
x4 ,to f\nd hospitals = ! c>e ( p>rots &
 monkeys is "o ( ! mo/ approv$ works (  
m]it4 ,s also x is a "w ( m]it to build 
a temple or to end[ x4 ,ja9 temples are 
full ( images1 & ! *ief object ( wor%ip 
is honor$ by _! multiplication4 ,buddha 
is recogniz$ z "o ( ! div9e inc>nations1
 & 9 "s s5se ,buddha is wor%ip$4 ,b x   
mu/ be rememb]$ t ev5 9 ,ja9ism ,buddha 
is only a memory4 ,he has ent]$ into    
,nirvana1 & has pass$ out ( consci\s    
exi/5ce4 ,n[ t he has atta9$ t /ate (   
passivity1 he has no eye to pity & no   
arm to save4 ,& yet 9 ?is ,ja9 temple   
images ( ,buddha are wor%ip$1 & ^!      
images are numb]$ by ! hundr$s4  ,all   
?is ab]ration f ! tru? does n prev5t !  
temple f be+ almo/ a miracle ( art4 ,!re
 is a scrupul\s cleanl9ess ab\t x :i*   

diff]5ces x f o!r hea!n temples1 l t (  
,kali4 ,9 ! ,ja9 temples !re are no     
animal sacrifices1 = all animal life is 
sacr$4 ,b !re are little h\ses = fe$+ ! 
birds2 l>g] h\ses = fe$+ ! bea/s2 &     
tombs = dep>t$ sa9ts & tea*]s4 ,& let x 
be specially borne 9 m9d t 9 all ! _w   
!re are no m spl5did examples ( ar*es1  
domes1 & %r9es1 decorat$ ) elaborate &  
intricate c>v+s1 ?an are f\nd "h 9      
,dilw>ra4 ,its arabesques ( p]=at$ :ite 
m>ble an in* & a half ?ick are l lace-"w
 9 _! delicacy & beauty4 ,inv5tion c\ld 
g no f>!r 9 devis+ an inf9ite v>iety (  
geometric trac]ies4 ,we 9 ! ,we/ h mu*  
to le>n f ! arti/ic g5ius & labor ( !   
,ea/4  ,ano!r day's ride1 or r1 ano!r   
night's ride1 br\ght u to a city ( a v  
diff]5t sort f ,jaipur1 & to a v diff]5t
 environm5t f t ( ,mt4 ,abu4 ,x br\ght u
 to ! busy metropolis ( ,ahm$abad4 ,"h  
is also a city 9 a /ate "u a native     
rul]1 b a city s prosp]\s t native rule 
is se5 to be by no means slov5ly or     
indol5t4 ,on ! way f ! /ation ,i c\nt$  

eighte5 l(ty *imneys belong+ to         
manufactur+ e/abli%m5ts4 ,!re are eighty
 factories 9 ?is busy c5t]1 *iefly      
connect$ ) ! cotton indu/ry4 ,9 ?is     
indu/rial expansion is reveal$ !        
solution ( _m ( ,india's f9ancial       
problems4 ,! population is n[ too       
exclusively employ$ 9 agriculture1 & its
 manufactur$ articles are import$4 ,b ! 
ra9s are s unc]ta9 t ! f>m]'s subsi/5ce 
is prec>i\s1 & fam9es claim ?\s&s (     
victims4 ,h5ce1 next to ,*ri/ianity1    
,india ne$s indu/rial developm5t4 ,?is  
has be5 ! view ( rec5t ,briti% gov]nors4
 ,bett] me?ods ( irrigation & (         
cultivation h be5 supplem5t$ by !       
introduction ( new in/rum5ts (          
manufacture4 ,bo? ,engli% & ,am]ican    
ma*9es n[ d mu* ( ! "w t 0 =m]ly done by
 h&1 & 9 ! cities !re is gr[+ up a new  
manufactur+ population4  ,indu/rial     
missions are a great bless+ to ,india1 &
 our religi\s d5om9ations h %[n _!      
practical s5se by ent]+ ^u ?is sort (   
"w4 ,:5 a native becomes a conv]t to    

,*ri/ianity1 he is (t5 ?r[n out ( ca/e  
by 8 family1 & out ( labor by 8         
employ]s4 ,he mu/ support himself2 he   
mu/ f9d some?+ to d4 ,b he is fri5dless 
& helpless1 unless he c f9d fri5d%ip &  
help 9 ! mission :]e he has be5 conv]t$4
 ,x is necess>y to secure employm5t =   
him1 if he is n to become an encumbrance
 to ! mission & to himself4 ,h5ce ,i    
welcome all gifts = indu/rial missions t
 w tea* m5 new me?ods ( obta9+ a        
livelihood4 ,india1 z ,i h said1 has a  
va/ agricultural population1 n[ scantily
 subsi/+ & subject to occasional fam9es4
 ,multitudes :o are n[ idle might be    
usefully employ$4 ,! *ange n[ go+ on 9  
our ,s\!rn ,/ates might well g on 9     
,s\!rn ,india1 & ,i welcome ! sight ( ! 
factory *imneys ( ,ahm$abad4  ,ahm$abad 
is n yet conv]t$ to ,*ri/ianity4 ,x is a
 celebrat$ /ronghold ( ,ja9ism1 & "h is 
ano!r mo/ spl5did temple4 ,x 0          
in/ructive to see ! little h\ses on     
poles = ! c>e ( birds1 & = ! fe$+ ( lazy
 monkeys1 :ile ! poor & sick ( human k9d

 9 ! neighborhood begg$ 9 va9 = help4 ,!
 ,ja9 temples are not$ 9 all ,india = _!
 beauty4 ,c>v+ & gild+ c g no f>!r ?an  
!y h gone 9 ! decoration ( ?is %r9e 9   
,ahm$abad4 ,b ! troop ( monkeys t came  
to u 9 ! p>k to be f$1 seem$ to u q z   
s5sitive to human ne$s z 7 ! holy m5 :o 
sat ab\t t temple ( ! ,ja9s1 = ^! latt] 
devotees use ,god's gifts n rationally1 
b = inf]ior ends1 & especially = _! own 
int]e/ & com=t4 ,ahm$abad is an example1
 n ( ! wor/1 b /ill ( a misplac$1       
religi\s zeal t has lo/ its be>+s       
because x has lo/ its ,god4     ,,ix    
,,bombay1 ,,k$gaon1 ,,& ,,madras        
,bombay is a great city1 ! second1 9    
population1 ( ! ,briti% ,empire 9       
,india4 ,:ile ,calcutta has ov] a       
million p1 ,bombay comes only a few %ort
 ( t numb]4 ,its comm]ce is imm5se2 its 
public build+s are fa%ion$ aft]         
,european models2 its /reets are broad &
 f9ely pav$2 !re is e evid5ce ( weal? & 
cultivation4 ,b ,h9dus greatly outnumb] 
,mohamm$ans2 ,p>sees are /rong2         

,*ri/ians are active1 b /ill            
comp>atively few4 ,9 ?\ght & cu/oms1    
,bombay is /ill ess5tially ,ori5tal1    
:ile yet pr(\ndly influ5c$ by mod]n     
newspap]s & mod]n inv5tions4 ,x 0 a     
memorable *ange = u travel]s to em]ge f 
its ,taj ,mahal ,palace ,hotel1 & !n to 
f9d ourselves1 fir/ 9 its ,caves (      
,elephanta1 & secondly1 9 its ,t[]s (   
,sil5ce4  ,a ^w ( explanation is        
necess>y = ea* ( ^! notable objects (   
int]e/4 ,elephanta is a little isl&     
eight miles f ,bombay1 & s nam$ because 
( its g5]al resemblance 9 %ape to an    
elephant4 ,elephanta ,isl& =ms a        
beautiful object z se5 f ! deck ( !     
little /eam] t s]ves = a f]ry1 & ! views
 f ! summit ( ,elephanta ,hill1 ov] !   
,bombay ,bay1 ) ! gleam+ t[]s ( ! gre5  
city 9 ! di/ance1 are v *>m+4 ,! isl& is
 a great resort1 h[ev]1 n s mu* = !     
views !refrom1 z because x is ! seat ( a
 rock-hewn temple excavat$ c5turies ago 
9 honor ( ,siva1 ! ,h9du god1 ^: prov9ce
 x is to de/roy4 ,brahma is ! ,creator2 

,vi%nu1 ! ,pres]v]2 & ,siva1 ! ,de/roy]4
 ,siva 0 ! god ( reproduction1 h[ev]1 z 
well z ! god :o de/roys1 & 8 wor%ip has 
be5 (t5 connect$ ) obsc5e & lascivi\s   
rites4  ,! approa* to ,siva's temple is 
?r\gh a lovely g>d51 9 :i* are _m       
spl5did specim5s ( tropical vegetation4 
,at la/ !re appe>s to ! visitor1 9 !    
side ( ! precipit\s hill1 a massive     
portico1 ) f\r imm5se pill>s1 all hewn  
out ( ! solid rock4 ,!n come long r[s ( 
simil> columns lead+ d>kly l a ca!dral  
nave into ! /ony hill1 & t]m9at+ at !   
alt>1 above :i* t[]s ! /atue ( ,siva1   
colossal 9 size1 ) ,p>vati1 8 goddess   
wife1 by 8 side1 & all ! emblems ( 8    
au?ority1 z scept] & sword1 ar\nd him4  
,! /atue seems to express ! joy (       
sov]eignty1 &1 ?\gh some:at mutilat$1 x 
is noticeably free f ! immoral          
sugge/ions :i* h be5 intimat$ 9 _m      
descriptions ( x4 ,entrance to ! /atue  
is flank$ by great gu>dian /atues1 & !  
:ole *ancel1 s to speak1 is enclos$ by a
 broad & l(ty corridor1 9 ! mann] (     

ca!dral ar*itecture4 ,f ?is corridor on 
ei!r side1 _m nooks 9 ! rock h be5      
excavat$1 l *antry *apels1 ea* ) its    
sep>ate /atue at lea/ tw5ty feet 9      
height4 ,! :ole ,h9du pan!on1 seems to  
be repres5t$ by c>v$ figures1 b all     
clu/] ab\t ! god ,siva4 ,! really       
*>act]i/ic & indisp5sable feature ( ^!  
caves is1 h[ev]1 /ill to be m5tion$4 ,x 
is ! image ( ! l+am1 or phallus1        
gigantic 9 size1 & c>v5 out ( solid     
/one1 9 ! inn]mo/ %r9e1 :]e x is !      
object ( hy/]ical or lu/ful wor%ip4 ,e  
ye>1 on an appo9t$ fea/-day1 ?ree or f\r
 ?\s& p ?rong to ?is %r9e1 "s to pray = 
(fspr+1 o!rs to seek lic5se = illicit   
pleasure4 ,elephanta has become 9 ?is   
way ! symbol & propagator ( a debas+    
sup]/ition4 ,su* wor%ip is only a       
deification ( ! l[] in/9cts ( human     
nature4  ,return+ to ,bombay1 x 0       
natural to ?9k ( ! ,t[]s ( ,sil5ce1 = ^!
 too are locat$ on a lovely em95ce1     
call$ ! ,malab> ,hill1 & ov]look+ ! city
 & ! bay4 ,^! t[]s are enclosures 9 :i* 

! ,p>sees1 a mo/ intellig5t1 weal?y1 &  
influ5tial sect1 dispose ( ! bodies ( _!
 dead1 by lay+ ! =ms 9 ! op5 air :]e !y 
c be dev\r$ by vultures4 ,! t[]s        
!mselves are at lea/ half a doz5 9      
numb]1 & !y v>y 9 size4 ,b ! /yle ( _!  
con/ruction is uni=m4 ,inside ( a l(ty  
circul> wall are conc5tric b$s ( /one1  
ea* ) its groove 9 :i* a corpse c be    
laid4 ,!re are ?ree conc5tric circles1 !
 out]mo/ = m51 ! next inn] = wom51 !    
inn]mo/ = *ildr54 ,! /ructure has no    
ro(1 b is op5 to ! air4 ,great flocks ( 
vultures p]* ^u ! top ( ! out]mo/       
enclos+ wall1 wait+ 9 sil5ce &          
expectation = ! "t :5 !y c desc5d ^u _! 
prey4 ,only a half-h\r elapses aft] a   
body is laid on its /ony b$1 be=e ^!    
rav5\s birds h torn e morsel ( fle% f   
its bones4 ,! skeleton is !n left to    
dis9tegrate by ! action ( ! elem5ts1    
until ! ra9s wa% ! rema9+ du/ into a    
great pit at ! c5t] ( ! circles1 f :i*  
receptacle ! refuse is conduct$ away by 
dra9s dur+ ! ra9y season1 to m+le ) !   

surr\nd+ e>?4  ,?is is ! ,p>sees' a%es  
to a%es1 du/ to du/4 ,!y glory 9 ?is    
me?od ( dispos+ ( _! dead1 & !y ?9k x f>
 m natural & impressive ?an ! common    
,h9du me?od ( cremation4 ,we mu/ grant t
 all me?ods ( dispos+ ( ! dead are      
pa9ful4 ,b fai? 9 a resurrection ( !    
body is surely mo/ 9 consonance ) our   
"t-honor$ cu/om ( lay+ our dead away 9  
_! k9dr$ e>?1 until ! day dawns1 & !    
%ad[s flee away4  ,f ,bombay to ! t[n ( 
,k$gaon may seem to "s a desc5t f great 
to small4 ,n s2 x is r an asc5t f !     
false to ! true1 f ! impure to ! pure1 f
 ! illusory to ! real4 ,= ,k$gaon is !  
home1 & c5t] ( ! "w1 ( ,pundita         
,ramabai1 p]haps ! mo/ le>n$1 & c]ta9ly 
! mo/ influ5tial ,*ri/ian woman 9       
,india4 ,! v "n pundita is giv5 only to 
^? ( high intellectual atta9m5ts4 ,a    
,h9du ( ! highe/1 t is ! ,brahman1 ca/e1
 %e 0 _m ye>s ago conv]t$ to            
,*ri/ianity1 & %e has devot$ all h] p[]s
 to ! education & uplift+ ( h]          
c\ntrywom54 ,h] fa!r 0 a great ,sanskrit

 s*ol>4 ,he 0 "o ( ! fir/ 9 ,india to   
det]m9e t 8 daught] %\ld be a le>n$     
woman4 ,accord+ly %e 0 ?or\ghly         
in/ruct$4 ,%e knew by he>t ! sacr$      
scriptures ( h] p long be=e %e became a 
,*ri/ian4 ,%e c\ld repeat f memory an   
am\nt ( !m equal to t ( our :ole ,engli%
 ,bible4 ,x is especially ! improvem5t (
 ! condition ( wom51 & p>ticul>ly (     
*ild-wid[s1 to :i* %e has devot$ h]     
att5tion4 ,! condition ( ! *ild-wid[ 9  
,india is mo/ pitiable4 ,%e is held     
responsible = ! dea? ( h] husb&1 no     
matt] h[ "y %e may be4 ,%e is subject$  
to indignities4 ,h] hair is entirely    
%av5 f h] head4 ,h] jewels are tak5 f   
h]4 ,h] bright clo?+ is tak5 away1 & %e 
is clad 9 ! co>se/ g>m5ts4 ,%e becomes !
 slave ( ! family2 virtually an outca/2 
frequ5tly a pro/itute4 ,%e c nev]       
rem>ry1 no matt] h[ "y %e may be at !   
beg9n+ ( h] wid[hood4  ,x 0 to          
ameliorate ?is condition ( affairs t    
,pundita ,ramabai set h]self _m ye>s    
ago4 ,%e ga!r$ *ild-wid[s "u h]         

protection1 surr\nd$ !m ) ,*ri/ian      
influ5ces1 & gave !m a ,*ri/ian         
education4 ,a "t ( fam9e ?rew ^u h] c>e 
9 "o ye> tw5ty-f\r hundr$ girls1 :o     
dep5d$ ^u h] alone = food to keep !m f  
/>v+4 ,t "t ( great di/ress is n[ pa/1 b
 :5 we rememb] t 9 ,india !re are       
e/imat$ to be z _m z two millions (     
*ild-wid[s1 x w be cle> t ! ne$ ( a     
refuge = su* is /ill imm5sely great4    
,girls ( ! highe/ ca/e are 9 ! greate/  
ne$1 = among ! l[] classes ! reproa* (  
*ild-wid[hood is n s /rongly felt4 ,x 0 
! sorr[s ( girls belong+ to h] own      
,brahman ca/e1 m>ri$ p]haps at ! age (  
eight or t5 to husb&s five times _! own 
age1 & !n made practically outca/s by ^?
 husb&s' dea?1 t mo/ t\*$ ! he>t (      
,ramabai4 ,x is wond]ful :at %e has     
already accompli%$4 ,we f\nd on h]      
ext5sive premises a great assembly-room 
:i* has %elt]$ at "o "t tw5ty-six hundr$
 auditors2 s*ools ( e grade = ,h9du     
girls1 includ+ a s*ool = ! bl9d2 a l>ge 
& commodi\s hospital2 a pr9t+ (fice )   

presses capable ( turn+ out a high ord] 
( typography2 an asylum = lep]s2 a      
rescue-home = un=tunate girls2 normal   
classes = tea*]s & = nurses2 tra9+ 9    
sew+1 embroid]y1 & weav+2 & _m ano!r    
sort ( ,*ri/ian s]vice1 includ+ ! "w ( !
 factory & ! f>m4 ,e species ( cook+ on 
! premises1 & all ! c>e ( ! rooms &     
h\ses1 is done by ! girls !mselves1 s t 
all ( !m are taught h[ to support       
!mselves :5 !y leave ! in/itution4 ,?ree
 h\rs a day = indu/rial "w1 & ?ree h\rs 
a day = s*ool+1 is ! uni=m rule4 ,"o c  
imag9e ! f>-rea*+ influ5ce ( ?is        
in/itution1 if he rememb]s t out ( !    
tw5ty-f\r hundr$ s*ol>s :o 7 receiv$ &  
taught 9 t dreadful "t ( fam9e1 m ?an   
fifte5 hundr$ 7 *ild-wid[s & _m ( !m ( !
 highe/ ca/e4  ,ramabai is a great      
s*ol>4 ,%e has translat$ & pr9t$ ! :ole 
,new ,te/am5t1 9 ! colloquial ,mahrati  
dialect1 = ! b5efit ( ! poor wom5 9 h]  
di/rict4 ,%e is n[ engag$ ^u ! ,psalms &
 ! book ( ,g5esis1 ) ! hope ( f9i%+ !   
:ole ,old ,te/am5t4 ,numb]less tracts ( 

h] composition h gone out into all p>ts 
( ,india4 ,h] graduates become n only   
tea*]s1 b also evangeli/s4 ,no "o c     
measure ! ext5t ( h] pres5t influ5ce1 z 
%[+ :at a native woman 9 ,india c d1 9 !
 way ( break+ d[n ca/e1 ov]?r[+ p]nici\s
 cu/oms1 & demon/rat+ to a b5ight$ hea!n
 _w ! sup]ior claims ( ,*ri/ian tru?4   
,we left ,ramabai1 invok+ a bless+ ^u h]
 head & ^u ,manorama1 h] daught]1 :o    
bids fair to prove h] wor?y successor4  
,ramabai1 by h] intellectual gifts1 h]  
executive ability1 & above all by h]    
,*ri/ian devotion1 des]ves honor f all  
lov]s ( ,*ri/ & 8 gospel4  ,z we ne>$   
,madras1 ! ?ird l>ge/ city ( ,india1 !  
heat began to oppress u4 ,up to ?is "t  
,india _h be5 unexpect$ly & refre%+ly   
cool1 at night ev5 cold4 ,b n[ x 0      
unpleasantly w>m4 ,! heat rem9d$ u ( !  
conundrum3 ,:y is ,india1 al?\gh s hot1 
! colde/ c\ntry on ! globe8 ,answ]3     
,because ! hotte/ ?+ 9 x is *illy 7*ili 
is ! pepp]y sauce :i* ! natives mix )   
o!r spices to =m curry74 ,we h le>n$ to 

l curry4 ,i _c und]/& x2 b if seems z if
 ! hotte/ c\ntries ne$$ ! hotte/ k9ds ( 
food4 ,at any rate we _h a w>m welcome 9
 ,madras1 ?irte5 degrees 9 latitude     
above ! equator4 ,we 7 =tunate 9 rea*+  
?is f9e city dur+ ! session ( all our   
,bapti/ mission>ies 9 ! ,s\? ,india1 or 
,telugu1 field--t field :i* a few ye>s  
ago witness$ ! baptism ( #b1bbb conv]ts 
9 "o day4 ,x 0 a rem>kable illu/ration (
 ! family & tribal _s 9 ,india4 ,we     
,bapti/s believe 9 individual           
conv]sions1 & we seek evid5ce1 9 e case1
 ( reg5]ation by ! ,holy ,_s4 ,b !      
coh]5ce ( ! family & ! village is s     
/rong 9 a hea!n community1 t ! lot ( !  
individual ,*ri/ian is (t5 exce$+ly h>d4
 ,occasionally !re is apo/asy4 ,!       
resi/ance ( an important man to ! gospel
 makes ! p]si/5ce ( 8 dep5d5ts 9 !      
gospel-way almo/ impossible4  ,9 "s     
qu>t]s1 h[ev]1 :ole families & :ole     
clans h be5 bless$ly conv]t$1 & idolatry
 has be5 completely eradicat$4 ,9 o!r   
cases :]e mass movem5ts h tak5 place1   

c]ta9 mission>ies h f\nd x physically   
impossible to sift out ea* d\btful      
individual1 & = safety h dem&$ t ! :ole 
family or clan or village %all give up  
idolatry be=e any s+le individual conv]t
 has be5 receiv$ = *ur*-memb]%ip4 ,to   
comb9e /rict fai? & practice1 accord+ to
 ! ,new ,te/am5t /&>d1 ) a prop] respect
 = local cu/oms & traditions1 dem&s     
great wisdom 9 our mission>ies1 & makes 
_! conf]5ces v practical & v necess>y4  
,c]ta9 x is t 9 our ,bapti/ missions    
abroad great] c>e is ex]cis$ 9 receiv+  
memb]s ?an t to :i* we are accu/om$ 9 ! 
homel&4 ,! mission>y _c af=d to h false 
disciples 9 ! flock1 if he kn[s x1 = "o 
s9n] de/roye? mu* good4  ,new ,ye>'s    
,day at ,madras 0 full ( int]e/4 ,lady  
,p5tl&1 wife ( ! gov]nor ( ! ,madras    
,presid5cy1 invit$ u to a ,new ,ye>'s   
g>d5-p>ty4 ,an op5-air ga!r+ ( any sort 
on ! fir/ day ( ,janu>y w\ld h be5 a    
novelty to u1 b ?is "o f\nd ! atmosph]e 
s balmy & ! vegetation s gre51 t su* a  
p>ty 0 a positive delight4 ,! av5ues (  

approa* to ! gov]nor's resid5ce 7 l9$ ) 
! body-gu>d ( 8 excell5cy1 /ation$ 9    
twos along ! way1 & clad 9 sc>let ,!    
reception took place "u a wide-spread+  
tree1 on a spaci\s lawn4 ,!re 7 z _m z a
 ?\s& gue/s4 ,x 0 a gay & beautiful     
sc5e4 ,h9du & ,moslem1 ,p>see &         
,*ri/ian1 all met toge!r4 ,x 0 an       
exhibition ( loyalty to ! ,briti% ,cr[n1
 z well z a pro( t j gov]nm5t may yet   
weld all ,india's classes & ca/es       
toge!r4 ,"l ,p5tl& spoke to u mo/       
pleasantly ( c]ta9 memb]s ( 8 family :om
 we _h met 9 ,am]ica1 & ,lady ,p5tl& %[$
 h]self to be a *>m+ ho/ess4  ,b a      
reception /ill m *>m+ to u 0 ! reception
 :i* ! ,ro*e/] m5 gave u t same ,new    
,ye>'s night1 at ! bungal[ ( ,doctor    
,f]guson1 close to ! ,day ,memorial     
,*apel1 :]e ! sessions ( ! conf]5ce 7   
held4 ,at lea/ t5 ( our graduates sat   
d[n to supp]1 toge!r ) _! wives4        
,subsequ5tly1 f adjo9+ rooms1 o!r memb]s
 ( ! conf]5ce came 9 to ! ,new ,ye>'s   
reception1 :i* is an annual affair4 ,!  

,unit$ ,/ates consul dropp$ 91 ) a few  
o!r gue/s1 until ! total numb] c\ld n h 
be5 f> f eighty4 ,x 0 l a family ga!r+4 
,:5 ,i rememb]$ t ! ,telugu ,mission 0  
once call$ ,! ,lone-,/> ,mission1 & 0 9 
dang] ( be+ giv5 up1 & :5 ,i not$ t x n[
 numb]s "o hundr$ & sixty-eight *ur*es &
 a *ur*-memb]%ip ( m ?an sev5ty ?\s&1 ,i
 c\ld b say1 ,:at ha? ,god wr\ght6      
,x  ,,! ,,telugu ,,mission   ,madras is 
! greate/ city ( ,s\? ,india1 & ranks   
next to ,calcutta & ,bombay 9 ?rift &   
importance4 ,tamil & ,telugu are ! two  
languages ( ! ext5sive ,madras          
,presid5cy1 ! =m] prevail+ mo/ to ! s\?1
 ! latt] to ! nor?4 ,!y are cognate     
tongues1 & bo? are d]iv$ f ! ,sanskrit4 
,our ,am]ican ,congregationali/s h done 
mo/ = ! ,tamils2 we ,bapti/s h done mo/ 
= ! ,telugus4 ,! ,telugus numb]         
tw5ty-six millions4 ,?\gh ,madras is ne>
 _! s\!rn bord]1 x is ! be/ />t+-po9t = 
our description4  ,next to our mission 9
 ,burma1 ! ,telugu mission has be5 mo/  
bless$ by ,god4 ,! fam9e ( #ahgf 0      

foll[$ by a wond]ful revival1 9 :i* a   
nation seem$ to be born 9 a day4 ,! p   
accept$ ,*ri/ by ! ?\s&s1 & tw5ty-two   
hundr$ 7 at "o "t baptiz$4              
,evangelization has be5 foll[$ by       
education4 ,:ile our organiz$ ,telugu   
*ur*es numb] #afh1 & our *ur*-memb]s    
#gj1jjj1 we h #hai s*ools ( all grades1 
& #bh1gha pupils "u in/ruction4 ,! ne$s 
( ! body h be5 c>$ =1 z well z ! ne$s ( 
! s\l1 = !re are f\rte5 hospitals &     
disp5s>ies1 m9i/]+ to #h1jfg pati5ts4   
,9 su* a mass movem5t z t among !       
,telugus1 x 0 inevitable t !            
organization ( ! conv]ts into di/9ct1   
self-gov]n+1 self-support+1 &           
self-propagat+ *ur*es %\ld be a gradual 
process & %\ld require "t4 ,! pov]ty ( !
 p 0 an ob/acle to self-support4 ,b     
,*ri/ian tea*+ has made !m models (     
lib]ality1 & x 0 t\*+ to see !          
*ur*-memb]s come =w>d at ! close ( !    
,sunday morn+ s]vice ) _! ?ank-(f]+s4 ,9
 fact1 ^! ,telugu *ur*es1 9 ! support ( 
_! native m9i/ry1 are 9 l>ge measure    

indep5d5t ( =eign f9ancial aid4 ,x is   
c]ta9 t1 s long z religion is an exotic1
 its exi/5ce w be prec>i\s4 ,! plant 9 !
 pot ne$s1 = p]man5ce1 to become a tree 
root$ 9 ! soil4 ,self-gov]nm5t is z     
necess>y z self-support1 &              
self-propagation is equally important1  
if ! ,*ri/ianity ( ! native is ev] to   
become indig5\s4 ,^! aims h be5 dom9ant 
9 rec5t ye>s1 & we h be5 p]mitt$ to     
witness sc5es :i* demon/rate ! p[] (    
,god to make multitudes ( p1 ( ! l[e/   
class1 intellig5t1 lib]al1 & aggressive 
,*ri/ians4  ,i mu/ take f\r sep>ate     
/ations z illu/rations ( my !sis4       
,=tunately1 all ( ^! /ations are n[ "u !
 adm9i/ration ( ,ro*e/] m51 :om ,i am   
pr\d to recognize z my =m] pupils4 ,b   
be=e ,i proce$ to describe our exp]i5ces
 ) !m1 ,i mu/ to "s ext5t repeat :at ,i 
h said 9 my la/ lett] ab\t ,madras & !  
conf]5ce !re at ! h\se ( ,doctor        
,f]guson4 ,because ,madras is ! greate/ 
city ( ,s\? ,india1 x is ! natural s\rce
 ( supplies & ! easie/ place ( ga!r+ =  

our ,telugu mission>ies1 ev5 ?\gh mo/ ( 
!m live & "w mu* f>!r to ! nor?4 ,!     
pr9ciple ( home rule requires su* ga!r+1
 & ! mission>y at ,madras1 )\t seek+ x1 
naturally becomes a sort ( secret>y &   
treasur] & ent]ta9] ( ! :ole body (     
,telugu work]s4 ,no "o c\ld be bett]    
adapt$ to ?is position ( responsibility 
?an is ,doctor ,f]guson4 ,8 ab\nd+      
hospitality & 8 comm& ( ! :ole situation
 make him s\ght z a c\nselor & z a      
lead]4 ,z ! old] m51 l ,cl\gh & ,d[nie1 
pass away1 ,doctor ,f]guson1 by common  
cons5t1 =ges to ! front4 ,! pres5t      
prosp]ity & h>mony ( ! ,telugu mission  
are l>gely due to 8 unassum+ & welcome  
influ5ce4 ,he too is a man ^: s*ol>%ip &
 "* reflect honor ^u ! ,ro*e/]          
,!ological ,sem9>y1 :]e he sat "u my    
in/ruction tw5ty-two ye>s ago4  ,com+ n[
 to our /ations nor? ( ,madras1 ,i beg9 
) ! ,!ological ,sem9>y at ,ramapatnam1 9
 *>ge ( ! ,rev4 ,dr4 ,jacob ,he9ri*s4   
,its /ud5ts met u at ! entrance ( !     
mission comp\nd1 & we pass$ "u an ar*   

ov] :i* 7 inscrib$ ! words1 ,welcome to 
,dr4 & ,mrs4 ,/rong4 ,we _h g>l&s (     
fl[]s ?r[n ab\t our necks1 & we 7       
spr9kl$ ) eau de ,cologne4 ,9 ! l>ge    
assembly-room ( ! sem9>y1 we li/5$ to   
addresses 9 excell5t ,engli% f pupils ( 
! high] grades1 & we made responses 9 ! 
same language1 :i* 7 int]pret$ to !     
s*ol>s ( ! l[] classes by ! pa/or ( !   
village *ur*4 ,a beautiful casket ( c>v$
 ivory & pe>l 0 pres5t$ to u1 conta9+   
engross$ copies ( ! addresses deliv]$ by
 ! /ud5ts4 ,!re 0 s++ ( hymns1 bo? 9    
,engli% & 9 ,telugu1 by *oir &          
congregation4 ,! beauty ( x all 0 its   
spontaneity & naturalness1 = ! pupils   
!mselves _h plann$ & execut$ ! :ole     
program4  ,in/ruction 9 ?is sem9>y is   
l>gely biblical4 ,prea*]s are prep>$ =  
_! "w by be+ gr\nd$ 9 ! life ( ,*ri/ & !
 life ( ,paul4 ,! text-books h be5      
writt5 by ,doctor ,he9ri*s himself1 & !y
 are s well adapt$ to _! purpose t !y h 
be5 ext5sively us$ by sem9>ies ( o!r    
d5om9ations ?an ! ,bapti/4 ,a native    

,*ri/ian lit]ature has be5 creat$ = !   
,telugus1 beg9n+ ) ! ,bible1 b n[       
embrac+ *ur* hi/ory1 !ology1 e?ics1 &   
some?+ ( mod]n sci5ce4 ,x mu/ n be ?\ght
 t ! tea*+ is exclusively religi\s4 ,our
 sem9>y1 & all our s*ools ( l[] grade1  
are affiliat$ ) ! gov]nm5t sy/em (      
education1 & 9 all _! l[] grades are    
subject to gov]nm5t inspection4 ,s f> z 
!y con=m to gov]nm5t /&>ds ( ?or\ghness1
 !y receive gov]nm5t grants ( f9ancial  
aid4 ,briti% ,india is imp>tial--aid is 
also giv5 to ,h9du & to ,mohamm$an      
s*ools4 ,b ,*ri/ian s*ools c well /&    
competition ) ^! o!r sy/ems1 = ! me?ods 
( our ,*ri/ian s*ools are m mod]n & m   
rational4 ,we left ,ramapatnam1 conv9c$ 
t ,india is receiv+ f ! "w ( ,doctor    
,he9ri*s an ine/imable bless+4 ,?r\gh a 
long s]ies ( ye>s he has be5 tra9+      
prea*]s & tea*]s = ?is :ole ,telugu l&1 
& mu* fruit is appe>+ 9 a new type (    
,new ,te/am5t pa/ors & evangeli/s4      
,ongole1 "o hundr$ & eighty-"o miles    
nor? ( ,madras1 0 ! sc5e ( ! great      

revival4 ,"h too we 7 receiv$ mo/       
royally4 ,a cr[d ( *ur*-memb]s wait$ = u
 at ! railway /ation & flock$ r\nd our  
c>riage z we pass$ to ! mission comp\nd4
 ,on ! way1 a company ( ,telugu a?letes 
ent]ta9$ u at int]vals by _! feats (    
gr\nd & l(ty tumbl+4 ,x 0 _! native way 
( welcom+ di/+ui%$ gue/s4 ,dr4 ,james   
,m4 ,bak] has ably succe$$ ,dr4 ,j4 ,e4 
,cl\gh 9 ! "w ( adm9i/]+ & organiz+ ?is 
important field4 ,! ,ongole *ur* (      
twelve ?\s& memb]s1 ) its connect$      
s*ools1 is en\gh to tax ! res\rces ( !  
able/ man4 ,! new ,cl\gh ,memorial      
,hospital _h its beg9n+ :ile we 7 9     
,ongole1 9 ! lay+ ( ! corn]-/one ( a    
gateway 9 honor ( ,dr4 ,s4 ,f4 ,smi?1 :o
 wrote1 ,%9e on1 ,lone ,/>1 z well z ,my
 ,c\ntry1 ',tis ( ,!e4 ,mrs4 ,/rong1 ) a
 silv] tr[el1 made its f\ndation sure1  
:ile ! ,engli% deputy collector = !     
di/rict repres5t$ ! gov]nm5t1 & ,i _h ! 
privilege ( mak+ an address to a great  
mix$ audi5ce ( ,h9dus & ,mohamm$ans z   
well z ,*ri/ians4  ,our mo/ ?rill+      

exp]i5ce 9 connection ) ,ongole ,i am   
yet to relate4 ,we wi%$ to see ! he>t ( 
,india1 z we _h se5 ! he>t ( ,*9a & !   
he>t ( ,burma4 ,we c\ld d ?is only by   
tak+ "p 9 "o ( ,doctor ,bak]'s c\ntry   
t\rs4 ,e ye> he takes advantage ( !     
favorable wea!r c5t]+ ab\t mid-w9t]1 to 
sp5d two solid mon?s 9 visit+ ! villages
 :i* ?rong ^! f]tile pla9s4 ,) t5t &    
equipm5t = cook+1 he p5etrates ^! sw>m+ 
hea!n communities & c>ries to !m !      
gospel ( ,*ri/4 ,x 0 ov] "s fe>ful roads
 t our two-pony1 two-seat$ buggy enabl$ 
u to accompany him4 ,gov]nm5t roads are 
"o ?+2 native roads are q ano!r4 ,sudd5 
desc5ts to =dable /reams & sudd5 asc5ts 
to ! opposite banks are succe$$ by long 
/ret*es ( passage ?r\gh cultivat$       
fields1 :]e !re appe>s no sign ( road at
 all4 ,at la/ we rea*$ ! village (      
,naletur4 ,"u ! %ad[ ( a great tree we  
f\nd at lea/ a ?\s& p assembl$1 sitt+ on
 ! gr\nd bord]$ by a broad fr+e ( m5 &  
wom5 /&+ on ! outside1 & supplem5t$ by a
 score ( half-nak$ ,zac*eus-l he>]s p]*$

 9 ! bran*es ( ! trees4 ,mrs4 ,bak]1    
await+ ! com+ ( h] husb& & 8 gue/s1 _h  
be5 hold+ ?is motley audi5ce = two h\rs 
) selections f ! gramophone1 ) illu/rat$
 ,scripture lessons & pictures f ! ,life
 ( ,*ri/1 & by call+ on h] b& = music ) 
a big drum1 ca/anets1 cymbals1 & v>i\s  
o!r in/rum5ts ( ,indian manipulation4   
,salvation ,army me?ods h great influ5ce
 ov] a *ildlike p1 & ,mrs4 ,bak] w\ld   
make1 9 case ( necessity1 a fir/-class  
,salvation ,army lassie4 ,9 fact1 no act
 ( mission>y humility has /ruck our eyes
 z m pa!tic & true1 ?an t ( ,mrs4 ,bak]1
 beat+ a big drum to ! "t ( native      
music1 9 ord] to hold an audi5ce = !    
he>+ ( ! gospel4 ,! amphi!at] ( dusky   
faces1 mass$ toge!r & int5tly li/5+1 )  
,*ri/ians on "o side & hea!n on ! o!r1  
seem$ l a reproduction ( ! days :5      
,jesus 0 "h among m51 & a prophecy ( !  
great f9al ,day :5 our ,"l1 ! ,judge1 w 
sep>ate ! %eep f ! goats4  ,t ev5+ we   
left ! grove & ent]$ ! village ) fife & 
drum1 attract+ auditors1 & held a       

tor*light meet+ 9 ! m>ket-place4 ,!re 0 
prea*+1 & ! *ant+1 9 rhy?m b n rhyme1 ( 
a v]sifi$ /ory ( ! life ( ,*ri/4 ,!     
mission>ies make mu* ( ?is sort (       
,telugu s++4 ,!re 0 ! same cr[d (       
auditors t _h met u 9 ! aft]noon1 b n[ !
 int]mitt5t light ( ! tor*es made ! sc5e
 seem to be fla%+ rays ( conviction into
 _m a tr\bl$ brea/1 & ,i wi%$ t "s great
 pa9t] c\ld immortalize ! picture ^u    
canvas1 = no "o c und]/& missions to !  
hea!n )\t pictur+ to himself su* prea*+4
  ,! next morn+1 on our way back to     
,ongole1 we visit$ ! fam\s spot on !    
riv] bank at ,vellumpilly :]e1 9 #ahgh1 
#b1bbb believ]s 7 baptiz$4 ,on ,sunday  
we att5d$ a s]vice ( ! mission *ur*1 :]e
 a native pa/or (ficiat$ & at lea/      
fifte5 hundr$ p]sons 9 addition to !    
mission>ies 7 pres5t1 ?\gh sev]al       
hundr$s ( s*ol>s 7 abs5t on acc\nt ( !  
holiday vacation4 ,& f9ally1 at ! sunset
 h\r on t memorable ,sabba? ,day1 we    
asc5d$ ,pray]-meet+ ,hill1 :]e ,doctor  
,jewett1 ,mrs4 ,jewett1 & two o!rs met  

on ,new ,ye>'s ,day fifty ye>s ago1     
look$ out ov] ! great surr\nd+ pla91 &  
pray$ ! ,"l to give !m ! ,telugus1 z    
,john ,knox ( old pray$1 ,give me       
,scotl&1 or ,i die6 ,9 bo? cases pray] 0
 answ]$1 & we hope ! m rec5t pray]s (f]$
 on t hi/oric spot 9 ,janu>y1 #aiag1 w  
also be answ]$4 ,! ,telugus are         
gradually be+ won1 & we ourselves 7     
witnesses to t fact :51 at ! village (  
,naletur1 we beheld ! baptism ( elev5   
new conv]ts1 n9e /alw>t "y m5 & two     
m>ri$ wom54  ,kavali is next to be      
m5tion$4 ,"h is a "w = ! gradual        
re=mation ( crim9als & ! indu/rial      
reg5]ation ( ,india4 ,9 ?is l& ( pov]ty 
& fam9e1 our conv]ts1 :5 turn$ out (    
h\se & home1 ne$ new means ( e>n+ a     
livelihood4 ,!re is 9 ,india a h]$it>y  
crim9al class :i*1 l ! ?ugs ( a =m]     
g5]ation1 make x a sort ( religion to   
prey ^u _! fell[ c\ntrym54 ,! ,briti%   
,gov]nm5t has be5 almo/ p[]less ei!r to 
subdue or to re=m su* (f5d]s4 ,some?+ m 
?an m]e ju/ice is requir$ 9 _! treatm5t4

 ,! ,gov]nm5t is recogniz+ ! value (    
,*ri/ian education & sup]vision1 & has  
rec5tly put l>ge tracts ( t]ritory into 
! h&s ( ! ,salvation ,army1 ! ,me?odi/s1
 & ! ,bapti/s1 ) a view to comb9+       
compulsory "w & pat]nal influ5ce 9 !    
re=m ( ! crim9al classes4 ,! ,rev4      
,samuel ,d4 ,bawd51 at ,kavali1 has *>ge
 ( ov] eight hundr$ su* p1 & is tea*+ !m
 agriculture & all mann] ( trades4 ,mr4 
,bawd5 is "o ( ! graduates ( our        
!ological sem9>y4 ,he 0 = sev]al ye>s   
*apla9 ( our ,h\se ( ,refuge at ,ro*e/]4
 ,physically & m5tally he is a rem>kable
 man1 an a?lete & almo/ a giant1 a man (
 sci5ce & a man ( fai?4 ,x ne$s all ^!  
gifts to dom9ate & lead t[>d ,*ri/ eight
 hundr$ born ?ieves4 ,i "k ( no m       
self-sacrific+ & ,*ri/like "w ?an t :i* 
bro!r ,bawd5 is do+4  ,! success ( x    
proves its value4 ,!re are no prison    
walls1 ?\gh leav+ ! community is foll[$ 
by pursuit & recommittal4 ,!re are no   
puni%m5ts except deprivation (          
food-wages4 ,ea* memb] ( ! community is 

paid 9 food1 & 9 proportion to ! ext5t (
 8 labor4 ,if he w n "w1 nei!r c he eat4
 ,opportunities = education are giv5 to 
all4 ,!re is ev5 a *ur*1 made up (      
conv]t$ convicts4 ,! fai?ful among ^!   
,erukalas1 z !y are call$1 are made     
monitors & help]s to _! weak] fell[s4   
,squads are s5t out f five to tw5ty     
miles1 to build & repair ! roads1 ) only
 an un>m$ comrade = ov]se]4 ,no?+ is    
giv5 b education & ,*ri/ian influ5ce4   
,ev]y?+ = ! physical man is e>n$4 ,9 ?is
 way hundr$s ( re=m$ crim9als le>n to   
ga9 _! own liv+ & to lead an hone/ life4
 ,x 0 pa!tic to receive ! welcome ( ^!  
humble m51 & to see _! rev]5ce &        
affection = _! big fa!r1 ,mr4 ,bawd54   
,we he>d !m greet him z our savior4 ,to 
%[ _! respect = ,mr4 ,bawd5's =m]       
!ological in/ructor1 ^! poor m5         
subscrib$ ( _! scanty means & hir$ a    
l>ge gasol9e /reet lamp to illum9ate !  
ev5+ s]vice4  ,i h res]v$ to ! la/ my   
acc\nt ( our visit to ,nellore4 ,nellore
 is la/1 b n lea/1 = ?is 0 our fir/     

p]man5t mission /ation 9 ,s\? ,india4   
,"w 0 inde$ begun at ,vizagapatam 9     
#ahcf1 b 9 #ahcg x 0 mov$ to ,madras1 & 
9 #ahdj to ,nellore1 ,madras be+ reop5$ 
9 #ahgh4 ,nellore is "o hundr$ & sev5   
miles nor? ( ,madras1 on ! ma9 l9e (    
railway1 & sixte5 miles f ! seacoa/4 ,9 
! ,nellore field we h six *ur*es1 & a   
total ( n9e hundr$ & tw5ty-six memb]s4  
,x is our ,bapti/ s*ools t mo/ attract  
our att5tion4 ,! ,coles-,ack]man ,high  
,s*ool1 9 *>ge ( ! ,rev4 ,l4 ,c4 ,smi?1 
has m ?an eight hundr$ pupils1 & is a   
great cr$it to our d5om9ation4 ,bible   
classes & special prea*+ s]vices =      
/ud5ts are conduct$ ) en?usiasm by our  
"y mission>ies1 ,smi? & ,manley1 & !y   
br+ good results4 ,!re are also 9       
,nellore a high s*ool = girls1 a        
hospital = wom51 & a nurses'            
tra9+-s*ool1 all "u ! direction ( our   
,woman's ,society4 ,9 ^! s*ools1 ,miss  
,t5cate & ,miss ,c>man are              
repres5tatives ( ,ro*e/]4  ,! g5]al "w (
 ! mission is presid$ ov] by ! ,rev4    

,*>les ,ru!r=d1 "o ( my =m] pupils &    
graduates4 ,mr4 ,ru!r=d is ! "y & able  
successor ( ,dr4 ,david ,d[nie1 a mu*   
old] ,ro*e/] man1 & "o ( ! pione]s &    
lead]s ( ! ,telugu ,mission4 ,he        
graduat$ f ,ro*e/] 9 #ahgb1 ! ye> 9 :i* 
,i began my "w z presid5t ( ! sem9>y4 ,i
 _c easily express my gratification at  
f9d+ him 9 ,s\? ,india to welcome me1 & 
to accompany me dur+ a l>ge "p ( my /ay 
on ?is field4 ,few m5 h s noble a       
record4 ,?\gh he retir$ f active s]vice 
t5 ye>s ago1 & is n[ devot+ himself to  
writ+ ! hi/ory ( ! mission1 he is /ill  
vigor\s 9 m9d & he>t1 & to meet him is  
to come 9 contact ) an inc>nation--an   
inc>nation ( ! mission>y _s4 ,he has se5
 ! little "o become n only a ?\s&1 b    
well nigh a hundr$ ?\s&4 ,8 fai? is     
great1 t ?is :ole ,telugu ,l& w b[ to   
,*ri/'s scept]4 ,long may he live1 to   
bless ,india & ! _w6     ,,xi  ,,!      
,,dravidian ,,temples   ,! ,dravidians  
are suppos$ by mo/ e?nologi/s to h be5 !
 aborig9es ( ,india4 ,:5 !y 7 subdu$ by 

! ,aryans f ! nor?1 !y 7 cr[d$ s\?w>d & 
7 compell$ to s]ve _! conqu]ors4 ,?is   
subjugation 0 ! orig9 ( ca/e2 ! weak]   
became hew]s ( wood & draw]s ( wat] = ! 
/rong]4 ,! ,brahman w\ld h no social    
int]c\rse ) ! ,sudra1 & ?\ght ev5 8 t\* 
a pr(anation4 ,= ! ,brahman repres5t$   
,brahma1 0 9 fact ,brahma inc>nate1 :ile
 ! ,sudra 0 a manife/ation ( deity 9    
inf]ior clay4 ,yet ! ,brahman ne$$ !    
,sudra1 & _h to propitiate him 9 ord] to
 use him4 ,s ! ,aryan absorb$ into 8 own
 sy/em "s ( ! ,dravidian gods1 & usually
 did s by m>ry+ to ,dravidian female    
div9ities male deities ( 8 own4 ,siva1 !
 ,aryan god1 = example1 took = 8 wife ! 
,dravidian goddess ,kali4 ,9 _m ways l  
?is1 ! ,aryan & ! ,dravidian unit$ to =m
 ! ,h9du4 ,! ,h9du religion is a        
composite--a corruption ( !             
nature-wor%ip ( ! e>li] ,v$as by its    
union ) ! m cruel & debas+ features ( ! 
,dravidian idolatry4 ,! r5[n$ temples ( 
,s\!rn ,india be/ repres5t ?is mongrel  
=m ( ,h9duism1 & %[ ,h9duism 9 its mo/  

corrupt developm5t "u ,dravidian        
influ5ces4  ,! massiv5ess & va/ness ( ^!
 temples demon/rate ! p[] ( ! religi\s  
in/9ct 9 man1 ev5 :5 t in/9ct is mo/    
p]v]t$4 ,) all _! grossness & crudity1  
^! %r9es reveal a weal? ( imag9ation &  
an arti/ic inv5tiv5ess1 :i* furni%      
object-lessons to ! mo/ cultivat$       
,occid5tal m9d4 ,we wond] :at ! ,ea/    
c\ld really h accompli%$1 if its native 
gifts _h be5 "u ! control ( ,*ri/ian    
tru?4 ,un=tunately1 ^? gifts 7 commonly 
"u ! control ( ! bas] in/9cts4 ,paul's  
philosophy ( hea!nism is f> m correct   
?an t ( _m a mod]n writ] on comp>ative  
religion4 ,only an ance/ral s9 c expla9 
man's univ]sal ignorance & depravity4   
,because he w\ld n reta9 ,god 9 8 k1 he 
0 giv5 up to ! dom9ion ( vile           
affections1 to %[ him 8 ne$ ( a div9e   
r$emption4  ,tanjore & ,madura are !    
seats ( ! ,dravidian temples :i* we     
visit$4 ,tanjore is two hundr$ miles s\?
 ( ,madras1 & fifty miles f ! ,bay (    
,b5gal4 ,x is 9 ! ,presid5cy ( ,madras1 

b ,european influ5ces h n greatly *ang$ 
its prevail+ly native aspect4 ,!        
half-nak$ coolies1 & ! *ildr5 clo!d only
 9 sun%9e1 %[ h[ invet]ate are cu/om &  
pov]ty4 ,! great ,tanjore temple is !   
c5t] ( wor%ip = a hundr$ miles r\nd4 ,x 
is built on a /up5d\s scale4 ,x consi/s 
( a s]ies ( c\rts1 9 ! mid/ ( :i* are   
two trem5d\s t[]s or gopuras1 z !       
te*nical t]m %\ld be4 ,its pr9cipal t[]1
 is pyramidal 9 =m1 is two hundr$ feet 9
 height1 is cov]$ ) r[ aft] r[ (        
colossal c>v+s ( gods & goddesses1 & is 
surm\nt$ by an imm5se dome-%ap$ & gild$ 
top ( solid /one1 said to h be5 br\ght  
to its place ^u an incl9$ plane f !     
qu>ry f\r miles away4 ,! gateway lead+  
to ! temple is itself an enorm\s        
/ructure4 ,x op5s ^u a c\rt eight hundr$
 feet long by f\r hundr$ feet wide1 !   
walls ( :i* enclose an endless          
succession ( little *apels1 ea* "o ( :i*
 has at its back a rude picture ( "s    
inc>nation ( ,vi%nu or ,kri%na1 & 9     
front ( ea* picture !re /&s erect an    

image 9 /one ( ! l+am or phallus4  ,a   
great plat=m1 9 ! c5t] ( ! c\rt1 h\ses1 
b5ea? a gorge\s canopy1 an imm5se black 
granite image ( a bull1 ! favorite      
animal ( ,siva1 c>v$ out ( a s+le block 
sixte5 feet long & twelve feet high1 &  
kept p]petually %9+ by ano9t+s ( holy   
oil4 ,! imag9ation ( ! wor%ip] is ?us   
excit$ by successive /atues & pictures1 
until at la/ he rea*es ! trem5d\s       
pyramidal t[]1 or gopura1 :i* portrays &
 symbolizes ! p[] ( ! hea!n god to      
de/roy & to recreate4 ,t massive t[]1   
sup]impos$ above ! idol & =m+ its       
magnific5t abid+-place1 has no sup]ior 9
 all ,india = gr&eur4 ,mr4 ,f]gusson1 ! 
di/+ui%$ writ] on ar*itecture1 calls x !
 mo/ beautiful & effective ( all ! t[]s 
f\nd 9 ,dravidian temples4 ,! sculptures
 9 ! long & dimly light$ corridors at ! 
base ( ! temple1 & 9 ! fir/ ti]s ( !    
t[]1 are wond]fully reali/ic            
repres5tations ( a s5sual & f]oci\s     
deity4 ,b1 z y /& 9 ! c\rt1 & look up ! 
sides ( ! t[] to ! gild$ p9nacle on its 

dome1 y discov] t all ! upp] r[s ( gods 
& demons are ( /ucco4 ,money evid5tly   
gave out1 z ! /ructure rose1 & pla/]    
took ! place ( /one4  ,! appurt5ances ( 
! temple are tawdry & *ildi%4 ,huge c>s1
 9 :i* images ( ! gods are c>ri$ ab\t at
 times ( fe/ival1 /& 9 ! c\rty>d4 ,ea*  
c> has its bejewel$ bea/ = ! god or     
goddess to ride--a wood5 elephant1 a    
wood5 bull1 a wood5 rat--ea* ) trapp+s (
 _m-color$ glass1 to imitate rubies &   
diamonds1 & ea* ) its escort ( dusky    
prie/s1 n =gett+ to foll[ ! =eign       
visitor & hold out _! h&s = alms4 ,yet 9
 ^! corridors !re 7 pro/rat$ _m absorb$ 
& eag] wor%ip]s1 seek+ protection or aid
 f a deity m demonlike ?an div9e4 ,"o's 
he>t grew sick z he realiz$ t1 /ill 9 ^!
 latt] days1      ,! hea!n 9 8 bl9dness 
,b[s d[n to wood & /one1  & wor%ips 9 a 
temple :i* exhibits 9 its halls a hundr$
 imm5se images ( ! male organ (         
g5]ation4  ,x 0 a relief to be conduct$ 
by a cl]gyman ( ! ,anglican fai? to !   
*ur* :]e lie buri$ ! rema9s ( ,s*w>tz1 !

 fir/ ,engli% mission>y to ,india4 ,x   
mu/ h requir$ great gifts ( m9d & he>t &
 w to brave ,h9du opposition1 to w9 !   
affection & support ( a raja1 & to lay !
 f\ndations ( a ,*ri/ian community 9 ?is
 hea!n l&4 ,s*w>tz 0 a ,prussian by     
bir?1 ?\gh he w5t out z a mission>y ( a 
,dani% society4 ,he gave 8 life & 8     
=tune to ! cause ( missions1 & ! ,engli%
 "w 9 ,tanjore is ev5 n[ l>gely support$
 by ! end[m5ts :i* he left beh9d him :5 
he di$4 ,our good fri5d ,doctor ,blake1 
! ,engli% cl]gyman1 took u to ! palace (
 ! pr9cess ( ,tanjore1 also to ! raja's 
libr>y ( ,ori5tal manuscripts )9 !      
palace--a priceless collection ( eighte5
 ?\s& ,sanskrit manuscripts1 ( :i* eight
 ?\s& are writt5 on palm-leaves4 ,?is   
libr>y is unique 9 all ,india2 & x %[s t
 a raja 9 ,tanjore1 9 8 love =          
lit]ature1 c\ld equal ! raja ( ,jaipur1 
9 8 love = a/ronomy4 ,! desire = le>n+ 0
 a passion t surviv$ ! fall1 an evid5ce 
( ! pres5ce 9 humanity ( ! pre9c>nate   
,*ri/1 ! ,light t lighte? e man4        

,madura is a hundr$ miles f>!r s\? ?an  
,tanjore4 ,x is really ! c5t] (         
,dravidian wor%ip4 ,:ile "s features ( !
 ,tanjore temple are m beautiful1 !     
temple at ,madura is m va/4 ,five great 
pyramidal t[]s1 f\r ( !m on ! po9ts ( ! 
compass1 meet ! eye z "o looks ^u !     
temple f a di/ance4 ,! temple is built  
ab\t two great %r9es or cells1 "o = !   
god ,siva & ! o!r = 8 goddess wife      
,m9ak%i1 ea* cell surm\nt$ by a noble   
dome ( plat$ gold4 ,on ! f\r sides ( !  
temple are /one por*es1 arcades1 &      
pill>$ halls ( great v>iety1 fill$ )    
elaborate & grotesque c>v+s &           
sculptures4 ,! ext5t ( ! /ructure may be
 judg$ f ! simple /atem5t t ! out]      
walls1 tw5ty-five feet high1 surr\nd a  
space eight hundr$ & ?irty by sev5      
hundr$ & ?irty feet1 & are surm\nt$ by  
f\r l(ty gate-pyramids1 ea* ( !m t5     
/ories 9 height4 ,! portico ro( (       
,m9ak%i's ,hall is support$ ^u six r[s (
 c>v$ pill>s1 ea* made f a s+le /one4   
,!re is an ext5sive ,gold5 ,lily ,tank1 

bord]$ by a granite corridor hung )     
cages ( p>rots1 & ! putrid wat]s ( !    
tank furni% purification prep>atory to  
wor%ip at ,m9ak%i's %r9e4 ,! v por* or  
entrance pavilion ( ?is %r9e is call$ ,!
 ,hall ( a ,?\s& ,pill>s1 ?\gh ! actual 
numb] is n9e hundr$ & eighty-five4 ,"h &
 !re among ! pill>s are seat$ le>n$ m5  
or pundits1 :o place (f]+s ( fl[]s &    
p]fum$ wat] be=e _! sacr$ books & *ant !
 mean+ ( ,sanskrit scriptures to gr\ps (
 dev\t li/5]s4  ,! great temple1 ) its  
dimly light$ corridors1 is op5 to !     
public day & night1 & !re is special    
illum9ation by hundr$s ( little lamps 9 
an ar* at ! entrance :5 night comes on4 
,long av5ues are fill$ ) buy]s & sell]s 
( w>es1 & ! r5t ( _! /alls furni%es a   
l>ge rev5ue = ! support ( ! _m prie/s4  
,a big elephant & a baby elephant1 ea* )
 ! m>k ( ! god ^u its =ehead1 are p>ad$ 
up & d[n1 & are taught to pick up ) _!  
trunks ! co9s ?r[n d[n by visitors4     
,innum]able d>k alcoves invite ! cr[d to
 re/1 & _m a sleep+ =m is se5 at ! foot 

( ! alt>s4 ,imag9e a fe/ival night ) ^! 
dimly light$ c\rts cr[d$ ) wor%ip]s1 !  
fi]ce & lu/ful images1 ! glorification (
 ! l+am1 ! secret places ( assignation6 
,& ?is is ! acme ( ,h9du religion6  ,!re
 are bett] ?+s ?an ?is to be se5 9      
,madura4 ,! palace ( ,tirumala1 a raja (
 ! sev5? c5tury1 is a magnific5t specim5
 ( ,moori% ar*itecture ) unexpect$      
,go?ic t5d5cies4 ,its entrance hall1 "o 
hundr$ & ?irty-five feet long1 half z   
wide1 & sev5ty feet high1 has a l(ty ro(
 support$ by heavy /one pill>s ) po9t$  
ar*es ( ,s>ac5ic type4 ,x %[s t !       
,moslem1 9 ! long ago1 _h at lea/ a     
tempor>y hold ^u ,s\? ,india4 ,?is      
palace1 :i* has ! /ructural "* ( a      
,go?ic build+1 has n[ be5 p>tially      
re/or$ & tak5 = ! law-c\rts ( ! ,briti% 
,gov]nm5t4  ,! same ,tirumala :o built !
 palace1 built ! ,teppa ,kulam1 an      
artificial res]voir outside ! t[n1 ab\t 
"o ?\s& feet on a side1 v symmetrical & 
! l>ge/ ( its k9d 9 ,s\? ,india4 ,! :ole
 tank is surr\nd$ ) granite walls &     

p>apets1 & next ! wat] !re is a granite 
walk five feet wide runn+ r\nd ! :ole   
/ructure4 ,flights ( /eps lead d[n to ! 
wat]1 at int]vals4 ,9 ! c5t] ( ?is small
 lake is an isl&1 also wall$ ar\nd )    
granite slabs1 & on x !re are five t[]s1
 a l>ge "o 9 ! c5t] & "o at ea* ( ! f\r 
corn]s4 ,! :ole effect is v graceful & x
 makes a sight long to be rememb]$1 :5 !
 fea/ ( lights takes place & ! isl& & ! 
p>apets & ! granite curb+s are illum9at$
 ) hundr$s ( little oil-lamps4 ,n f>    
away f ! tank is a fam\s banyan-tree :i*
 cov]s ) its %ade an area sixty y>ds 9  
diamet]1 has a ma9 /em sev5ty feet 9    
circumf]5ce1 & has besides two hundr$   
bran*es t h /ruck root4  ,b ! noble/    
sight ( ,madura is its ,am]ican         
,congregational ,mission4 ,beg9n+ 9     
#ahcf1 ! ,am]ican ,bo>d ( ,commission]s 
= ,=eign ,missions plann$ & f\nd$ _! mo/
 wise & successful =eign missions4 ,!y h
 aim$ to d "o ?+ well3 to make ! ,madura
 /ation n only complete b well support$1
 to embrace 9 x all /ages ( education & 

all sorts ( evangelization2 & to r$uce !
 :ole "w to a unifi$ sy/em4 ,& ! result 
has be5 ! rais+ up ( a l>ge native      
m9i/ry1 *ur*es ) tw5ty-two ?\s& memb]s1 
s*ools ( e grade f ! k9d]g>t5 to !      
college & ! !ological sem9>y4 ,we 7 mo/ 
hospitably ent]ta9$ by ! pr9cipal ( !   
college1 ,dr4 ,j4 ,x4 ,mill]1 & ! o!r   
mission>ies2 & we met & address$ bo? !  
native *ur* at _! ,sunday s]vice1 !     
faculty & /ud5ts ( ! sem9>y1 & ! annual 
conf]5ce ( ,congregational mission>ies4 
,! ,madura ,mission is a light %9+ 9 a  
d>k place1 ! d>ke/ place inde$ 9 ,india4
 ,b x is a light t _c be hid4 ,l our    
missions to ! ,burmans & ! ,telugus1 x  
is %[+ ! p[] ( ! gospel to ca/ d[n      
imag9ations & e high ?+ t exalte? itself
 aga9/ ! k ( ,god1 & to make a spiritual
 des]t bud & blossom z ! rose4     ,,xii
  ,,two ,,weeks ,,9 ,,ceylon   ,ceylon  
is n a "p ( ,india4 ,x is a ,cr[n       
,colony ( ,great ,brita91 & is adm9i/]$ 
directly f ,london1 :ile ,india has m ( 
indep5d5ce & self-gov]nm5t4 ,! relation 

( ,ceylon to ,brita9 is some:at l t ( ! 
,philipp9e ,isl&s to ! ,unit$ ,/ates1   
:ile ! relation ( ,brita9 to ,india     
resembles t ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,gov]nm5t 
to our sev]al t]ritories4 ,ceylon1      
h[ev]1 is v productive & prosp]\s4      
,surr\nd$ by ! sea1 x is free f ,indian 
dr\ghts & fam9es4 ,its p are /alw>t &   
loyal4 ,! ,engli% language is fa/ becom+
 ! easie/ me?od ( communication betwe5  
,c+alese & ,tamils1 ,h9dus & ,malays4   
,colombo is really a ,european city1 z  
l>ge z ,ro*e/]1 ) noble public build+s &
 lovely p>ks4 ,our ,galle ,face ,hotel1 
on ! v edge ( ! sea1 ) a great /ret* (  
gre5 lawn 9 front ( x1 is "o ( ! f9e/   
hotels 9 ! ,ea/1 & our week ( re/ "h 0  
delightful4  ,buddhism has be5 "o ( !   
great mission>y religions ( ! _w4 ,x 0 a
 re=m ( ,h9duism4 ,b ! ,h9dus1 ) _! ca/e
 sy/em1 w\ld h none ( x & drove x out4  
,! ,buddhi/ triumphs 7 9 ,burma1 ,tibet1
 ,*9a1 ,japan1 at ! nor?2 9 ,ceylon &   
,java1 at ! s\?4 ,"h 9 ,ceylon is       
pres]v$ a sacr$ too? ( ,buddha2 & "o ( 8

 bones1 rec5tly discov]$ 9 nor!rn       
,india1 is to be br\ght next week )     
great pomp & c]emony to ! temple 9 ,k&y1
 :i* already ranks 9 sacr$ness next to !
 great ,%we ,dagon pagoda 9 ,rangoon4 ,a
 temple 9 ,java is f\nd$ ^u a s+le hair 
( ,buddha's head4 ,all ?is sup]/ition & 
impo/ure dates back to a c\ple (        
c5turies be=e ,*ri/1 & !re is great     
reason to believe t ! ,roman ,ca?olic   
wor%ip ( relics is only an appropriation
 ( ?is =m ( hea!nism4  ,*ri/ian s*ools &
 *ur*es are do+ mu* to und]m9e ,buddhism
 9 ,ceylon4 ,colombo is especially      
=tunate 9 possess+ a noble college ( !  
,wesleyan ,me?odi/s & a /rong in/itution
 ( all grades ) eight hundr$ /ud5ts4 ,! 
,engli% ,bapti/s also h a v cr$itable   
mission "w "u ! *>ge ( ,messrs4 ,ew+ &  
,*>t]2 :ile ,mr4 ,woods is ! able pa/or 
( an ,engli%-speak+ ,bapti/ *ur*4 ,!    
/ud5ts ( ^! v>i\s s*ools usually adopt !
 ,engli% dress4 ,! b>efoot$ pupils fir/ 
put on %oes1 !n ! coat1 f9ally ! tr\s]s4
 ,9 ! end y c h>dly di/+ui% !m f        

,europeans4 ,^! *anges are m rapid 9    
,colombo ?an 9 ,madras4 ,inde$1 ,briti% 
rule is fa/ trans=m+ :at 0 fir/ a       
,portuguese1 & !n a ,dut*1 settlem5t    
into a city :]e ,engli% is univ]sally   
kn[n & spok54  ,x 0 gratify+ to f9d t ! 
,gov]nm5t ,college1 :]e ! ,engli%       
language alone is us$1 is op5$ e day ) !
 read+ ( ,scripture & ) pray]4 ,b x 0   
unpleas+ to le>n t1 side by side ) ^!   
,*ri/ian influ5ces1 ! ,an&a ,college1 a 
!osophical in/itution1 alli$ to ,mrs4   
,besant ( ,madras1 0 ex]t+ an influ5ce  
unfavorable to ,*ri/ianity1 n only by   
sett+ ,buddha side by side ) ,*ri/1 b by
 urg+ ! claim ( ,buddha to be ! supreme 
e?ical tea*] ( ! _w4  ,be=e ,i tell y ( 
our visit to ,buddhi/ temples1 ,i mu/   
speak ( ! refuge f !m :i* we f\nd at    
,nurw>a ,eliya1 sixty-two hundr$ feet   
above ! sea4 ,colombo is only six       
degrees nor? ( ! equator4 ,"h 9 ,janu>y 
! sun ca/s h>dly any %ad[ at noon1 & !  
middle ( ! day is hot4 ,lat] 9 ! ye> !  
heat is int5se1 day & night4 ,s ,briti% 

(ficials comb9e ) ! ri* ( e tongue1 &   
ev5 ) ! mission>ies1 to make _! summ]   
qu>t]s high up among ! hills4 ,we 7     
transport$ ?i!r on a n>r[-gage railway1 
cut into ! sides ( precipices1 runn+    
?r\gh tunnels1 & s tortu\s z to =m a    
hundr$ horse%oe loops4 ,! road seem$    
almo/ a miracle ( eng9e]+4 ,b ! views 7 
beautiful beyond description4 ,x 0      
,switz]l& )\t its rugg$ness4 ,x 0 ,italy
 on ! s\!rn side ( ! ,alps1 z ,philip   
van ,artevelde be/ describes x3         
,sublime1 b nei!r bleak nor b>e     ,nor
 mi/y1 are ! m\nta9s !re2     ,s(tly    
sublime1 pr(usely fair2     ,up to _!   
summits clo!d 9 gre51     ,& fruitful z 
! vales betwe51     ,!y lightly rise    
,& scale ! skies1     ,& groves & g>d5s 
/ill ab\nd1     ,= :]e no %oot     ,c   
else take root1     ,! peaks are %elv$ &
 t]rac$ r\nd4  ,i am incl9$ to ?9k t1 ( 
all ! beautiful railway rides ,i h ev]  
tak51 ?is 0 ! f9e/4 ,f ! rice-fields ( !
 pla9s we pass$ upw>d ?r\gh endless     
tea-plantations1 :]e e in* ( soil 0     

pres]v$ & utiliz$ by ! con/ruction (    
artificial t]races4 ,9 ! mid/ ( ^!      
plantations1 rubb] trees 7 set at       
int]vals4 ,!re 7 _m in/ances :5 we look$
 d[n f our airy p]*1 on ! edge ( a      
precipice1 at lea/ a ?\s& feet1 & saw   
ourselves on ! side ( a v]itable        
amphi!at] ( m\nta9s t[]+ a ?\s& feet    
above u & cov]$ ) r[s ( tea-plants f !  
bottom to ! top4 ,?is amphi!at] 0 (t5   
two miles across1 e foot ( ! gr\nd      
m9utely cultivat$ & a p]fect sea (      
v]dure4 ,b1 z we w5t up1 ! palm gave    
place to ! p9e2 cold succe$$ to heat2 & 
to be at all com=table at our hotel we 7
 oblig$ to ord] fire 9 our rooms4       
,beautiful = situation z 0 ,nurw>a      
,eliya1 we 7 glad1 on acc\nt ( ! ,janu>y
 cold1 to leave x4 ,& we w5t to ,k&y4 ,i
 wond] :e!r our ^w c&y is d]iv$ f t     
sweet place4 ,i agree ) "s celebrat$    
au?or1 ^: "n ,i =get1 9 say+ t ,k&y is !
 lovelie/ city 9 ! lovelie/ isl& 9 ! _w4
 ,( late ye>s ,k&y has become ! resort (
 t\ri/s1 ?\gh ! pres5t w> has greatly   

dim9i%$ _! numb]4 ,a hotel t 0 accu/om$ 
to ent]ta9 fifty gue/s n[ has only half 
a doz54 ,b ! beauty ( ! place abides4   
,an artificial lake1 ) an isl& ( gre5 9 
its c5t] & w9d+ among a =e/ ( /ately    
palms1 is surr\nd$ by a circlet ( hills4
 ,on ! summit ( "o ( ^! hills is !      
,mission>y ,re/-h\se1 f\nd$ & end[$ by a
 weal?y ,*ri/ian woman = ! relief (     
pilgrims1 z 0 ! ,h\se ,beautiful (      
,bunyan's /ory4 ,!re we 7 invit$ to     
aft]noon-tea1 & z ,i look$ ^u !         
fairylike l&scape ,i almo/ ?\ght ! ,g>d5
 ( ,ed5 _h come aga94  ,b ,i c\ld n long
 be deceiv$1 = at ! v foot ( ?is hill 0 
! mo/ fam\s ,buddhi/ temple ( ,ceylon4  
,if ?is is ,p>adise1 x is ,p>adise ,lo/4
 ,"h ,buddha's too? is wor%ip$1 & "h a  
newly discov]$ bone ( 8 body is to add  
sanctity to ! temple4 ,we att5d$ ! ev5+ 
wor%ip1 :i* consi/$ ( a tor*light       
procession ( prie/s1 ) beat+ ( tom-toms 
& fr5zi$ danc+ ( musicians1 :i* w\ld h  
done cr$it to ! savag]y ( ! ,fiji       
,isl&s4 ,! temple "h has no l(ty pagoda4

 ,x %[s :at ! orig9al pagoda really 01 =
 ?is temple has a numb] ( bell-%ap$     
/ructures re/+ on ! gr\nd4 ,next1       
hi/orically1 came ! elevation ( ! bell  
^u a /one plat=m2 &1 f9ally1 ! lift+ ( x
 into ! air1 respl5d5t ) gild+4 ,k&y    
illu/rates ! humble beg9n+s ( ,buddhi/ic
 wor%ip1 b ) lat] accessories begott5 by
 irrational devotion4  ,i %\ld m5tion1  
h[ev]1 ! only sign ( intellig5ce :i* ,i 
f\nd 9 ?is ,buddhi/ temple4 ,x 0 !      
libr>y ( ,pali manuscripts conta9+ !    
sacr$ books & /ories ( ,buddha's life & 
doctr9e4 ,_m ( ^! manuscripts 7 writt5  
on palm-leaves & 7 wrapp$ 9 silk5       
cov]+s4 ,"s _h be5 pres5t$ by ,siamese &
 by ,burmese k+s4 ,"s 7 anci5t4 ,i saw  
no prie/ :o c\ld read !m1 & ,i fancy t !
 sacr$ books are really /udi$ only by   
pundits1 ^: vocation is t ( tea*+1 & ^: 
p]sonal beliefs may be v diff]5t f ^? ( 
or?odox ,buddhism4 ,x 0 pleasant to f9d1
 n f> f ! ,temple ( ! ,too?1 a little   
*ur* ( ! ,engli% ,bapti/s1 :i* s5ds out 
light into all ! surr\nd+ d>kness4 ,its 

pa/or is a native ,*ri/ian1 :o prea*es e
 ,sunday morn+ 9 ,c+alese & e ,sunday   
ev5+ 9 ,engli%1 :ile 8 week-days are    
devot$ to ! "w ( conduct+ an ,engli%    
boys' s*ool4  ,k&y is celebrat$ also =  
its botanical g>d5s4 ,only ^? ( ,java   
comp>e ) !m 9 complet5ess4 ,! long      
av5ues ( palms ( diff]5t                
v>ieties--palmyra1 talipot1 sago1 royal1
 seal+-wax--& ! specim5s ( bamboo1      
,india rubb]1 & ra9-tree1 are unique &  
wond]ful4 ,! ra9-tree is s call$ because
 ! va/ spread ( its bran*es & ! d5sity (
 its foliage collect ! dew to su* an    
ext5t z actually to wat] ! gr\nd ^u :i* 
x drops4 ,?9k ( view+ 9 "o morn+ ( two  
h\rs' l5g?1 a score ( trees we _h hi!rto
 kn[n only 9 ! tales ( ! tropics3 !     
travel]'s tree ) its f]nlike leaves1 !  
cannon-ball tree1 ! deadly upas1 !      
n\ri%+ breadfruit1 ! clove1 ! c9namon1 !
 mace or nutmeg1 ! vanilla1 ! guava1 !  
cork1 ! almond1 ! mulb]ry1 ! mango1 !   
s&alwood6 ,!re 7 great screw-p9es1      
lignum-vitae1 mahogany1 mimosa1 magnolia

 trees2 & ! tree-f]n1 ! giant creep]1 ! 
panama-hat plant1 ! ,p]uvian cactus1 !  
papyrus1 ! p9eapple1 & a great          
collection ( or*ids4 ,only ! sun%9e & ! 
moi/ure ( ,ceylon c\ld produce su* a    
result4 ,a tree c>$ = f its fir/ spr\t+1
 & favor$ by ! elem5ts1 becomes a wond] 
( ! _w4 ,x %[s :at man may become "u !  
tutelage ( ,god4  ,anurajahpura 0 our   
la/ place to visit4 ,f> to ! nor? (     
,colombo1 x is ! mo/ important extant   
specim5 ( ! ru9$ cities ( ,ceylon4 ,be=e
 ! "t ( ,*ri/ x 0 ! seat ( a k+dom t    
embrac$ ! :ole isl&4 ,buddhism1 aft] a  
life-&-dea? /ruggle1 captur$ x & erect$ 
9 x /ructures = wor%ip1 :i* = gr&eur &  
beauty rival$ ^? ( ,burma4 ,two pagodas1
 or dagobas1 ( solid brick1 ea* ( !m m  
?an two hundr$ feet high1 t[] up be=e "o
 z he ent]s ! t[n4 ,^! /ructures are    
cov]$ ) v]dure1 = grasses & %rubs h eat5
 _! way into ! mort> on ! sides1 until !
 dagobas resemble conical natural hills4
 ,x is said t ! brick ( a s+le "o w\ld  
suffice to build a wall eight feet high 

& a foot ?ick f ,ed9burgh to ,london4   
,"o ( !m is be+ re/or$1 & fifty m5 are  
at "w ^u x1 te>+ away ! vegetation &    
build+ anew ! outside cov]+ ( brick4 ,! 
dagoba itself is n a temple1 = x is     
solid & has no *amb] )92 b at its base  
is a /ructure1 inf9itesimal 9 size z    
comp>$ ) ! "o t t[]s above x1 & 9 ?is   
/ructure !re is a recl9+ /atue ( ,buddha
 sev5ty feet long4 ,buddha mu/ h be5 a  
giant1 = 8 footpr9ts are f\r feet long1 
& 8 too? is z l>ge z ! too? ( an        
alligator1 & surpris+ly l "o4  ,! gr\nds
 9 ! neighborhood ( ^! t[]+ dagobas are 
/rewn ) ru9s4 ,sixte5 hundr$ pill>s (   
/one1 sev5 feet high1 rema9 to %[ ! va/ 
f\ndations ( an anci5t ,buddhi/ mona/]y4
 ,!re is also a temple excavat$ 9 !     
solid rock ( ! hillside1 & adorn$ )     
curi\s c>v+s ( elephants4 ,we made !    
acqua9tance ( its high prie/ "u v       
peculi> circum/ances4 ,we met him at a  
fun]al4 ,x 0 ! cremation ( "o ( 8       
prie/s4 ,on ! outskirts ( ! village a   
great cr[d surr\nd$ a burn+ pyre4 ,two  

or ?ree cords ( r\gh wood _h be5 pil$   
up1 ) ! body ( ! prie/ 9 its c5t] & !   
bi] on :i* ! body _h be5 br\ght laid ^u 
its top4 ,! fire 0 blaz+ upw>d1 & a     
deaf5+ beat+ ( tom-toms gave sacr$ness  
to ! obsequies4 ,! awe-/rick5 foll[]s ( 
,buddha /ood at a little di/ance ar\nd1 
:ile ! flames grew fi]ce1 & ! sick5+    
odor ( burn+ fle% ent]$ _! no/rils4 ,x 0
 no wond] t !y 7 will+ to foll[ ! high  
prie/1 :5 he came to salute me z a m9i/]
 ( religion f ! o!r side ( ! _w4 ,he 0  
eighty-eight ye>s ( age4 ,clo!d 9 8     
saffron robe & hold+ ) trembl+ h&s 8 rod
 ( (fice1 he seem$ ! decay+ specim5 ( a 
moribund religion4 ,he pres5t$ me ) an  
umbrella ( yell[ silk4 ,x _h an ivory   
h&le ) ! c>v+ ( a lotus bud on its end4 
,i c\ld n let him make su* a pres5t )\t 
"s rew>d1 & he seem$ grateful = ! few   
rupees :i* my int]pret] wrapp$ up 9 8   
h&k]*ief4 ,he lift$ up 8 fan & fann$ me1
 z we p>t$1 :ile he utt]$ "s words (    
bless+4 ,i c\ld h>dly d\bt 8 good w1 or 
fail to hope t "s gleams ( heav5ly light

 _h come to him f ,*ri/1 ! ,light ( !   
_w4 ,b ,anurajahpura 01 l ,pagan 9      
,burma1 ! type ( a vani%+ religion1 &   
its high prie/ 01 l ! ,jewi% high prie/ 
( old1 ! type ( a prie/hood sure to pass
 away1 s9ce ,*ri/1 ! true ,high ,prie/1 
has come4     ,,xiii  ,,java ,,&        
,,buddhism   ,we h cross$ ! equator1 & !
 ,s\!rn ,cross1 invisible to nor!rn     
eyes1 seems /ill to beckon u onw>d4 ,b  
we h rea*$ ! mo/ di/ant po9t ( our      
j\rney1 & h5ce=? we %all be homew>d     
b\nd1 tak+ ,*9a & ,japan z we g4 ,java  
is n s hot z we expect$4 ,an isl& l     
,cuba1 six hundr$ miles long & only two 
hundr$ broad1 has sea-breezes en\gh to  
keep x tol]ably cool4 ,ra9 falls almo/ e
 day1 ) an av]age ( twelve feet 9 a ye>4
 ,z ! moi/ure is excessive1 all sorts ( 
vegetation are luxuriant4 ,java is a gem
 ( ! ocean1 & an em]ald gem at t4 ,life 
"h is z easy z any:]e on e>?1 & !re is a
 sw>m+ population4 ,:ile ,ceylon1 simil>
 9 area1 has only five millions (       
inhabitants1 ,java has ?irty-five       

millions4  ,java is ! jewel ( ! ,dut*   
,cr[n1 "o ( ! mo/ f]tile & productive   
isl&s ( ! _w4 ,c(fee & tea1 rice & sug>1
 salt & spice1 tobacco & corn1 coal &   
oil1 coconut & rubb]1 are export$ 9 an  
aggregate ( two hundr$ millions ( our   
doll>s e ye>1 :ile ! aggregate ( imports
 is little m ?an a hundr$ & tw5ty       
millions4 ,! ,dut* h tak5 a colony ^:   
deficits once fright5$ ! ,engli% into   
ab&on+ x1 & by ! fam\s culture sy/em (  
lett+ out ! l& ^u wise conditions z to !
 k9d & quantity ( production1 h turn$ ! 
:ole isl& into a v]itable g>d51 & a     
pr9cipal s\rce ( rev5ue = ,holl&4 ,!    
,dut* inde$ h drawn f ,java mu* m ?an !y
 h giv54 ,! ,roman ,empire %\ld h taught
 !m t incorporation ( a colony1 &       
privilege grant$ to x1 7 ! only security
 = p]man5t possession4 ,until t5 ye>s   
ago1 h[ev]1 ! ,dut* policy 0 "o (       
repression r ?an "o ( developm5t4 ,:ile 
,brita9 has tri$ by h] s*ools &         
hospitals to ,anglicize ,india1 ,holl&1 
= _m ye>s1 tri$ to keep ! ,javanese ap>t

 & 9 subjection1 disc\rag+ _! /udy ( !  
,dut* language & giv+ !m also no %>e 9 !
 gov]nm5t4 ,?is policy has at la/ be5   
se5 to be suicidal2 ,*9ese immigration  
has add$ an elem5t ( vigor1 indu/ry1 &  
discont5t2 ! mod]n movem5t 9 ,india & 9 
,japan has provok$ new aspirations "h2  
ev5 ! ,malay has become aw>e t he has   
rights4 ,dut* s*ools h at la/ begun to  
educate ! p2 ! m progressive among !    
/ud5ts are also le>n+ ,engli%2 & ,java  
n[ bids fair to press =w>d to occupy a  
position 9 ! van ( national & democratic
 progress4  ,i am deeply impress$ ) !   
d5sity & va/ness ( ?is population4 ,only
 ,belgium surpasses ,java 9 ! numb] (   
inhabitants to ! squ>e mile4 ,we h tak5 
a ride by rail = f\r hundr$ miles ?r\gh 
! c5t] ( ! isl&4 ,we h pass$ volcanoes  
actually smok+2 = a long range (        
m\nta9s1 ris+ sometimes to a height (   
twelve ?\s& feet1 con/itutes ! back-bone
 ( ,java4 ,!re are sublime & beautiful  
l&scapes all along ! way1 sublime       
because ( _! occasionally rocky gr&eur1 

& beautiful because ( ! m9ute           
cultivation t adorns bo? hillside &     
pla94 ,! endless rice-fields1 & ! fields
 ( sug>-cane t /ret* = miles l a bill[y 
sea1 make a railway j\rney by day a     
con/ant s\rce ( delight4 ,y ride 9 a    
p]5nial g>d51 & x is p]fectly natural t 
! bird ( p>adise %\ld h its habitat "h4 
,l ,ceylon1 ,java is sure to be ! resort
 ( innum]able t\ri/s1 = "h are wond]s   
beyond any to be f\nd 9 localities m    
commonly visit$4  ,& yet x is ! p t     
int]e/ "o ev5 m ?an ! l& !y live 94 ,we 
turn$ aside at diff]5t po9ts1 f !       
/ations ( ! railways1 & got glimpses ( !
 ,javanese 9 _! c\ntry homes4 ,i am b\nd
 to say t ^! homes 7 (t5 primitive 9 !  
extreme1 m]e %acks or huts ( bamboo &   
?at*1 (t5 )\t w9d[s & ) only a door 9   
front & a door beh9d1 sometimes /&+ 9 a 
pool ( %all[ wat] or lift$ on /ilts to  
escape ! ra94 ,b ev]ybody seem$ to be at
 "w1 except on m>ket-days1 :5 ! :ole    
population ( a di/rict ga!r$ 9 a c\ntry 
fair4 ,! ?rong & press ( ^! trad+-days1 

! /rife & d91 ! v>iety ( w>es1 & !      
%>pness ( competition1 7 some?+ new to u
 & long to be rememb]$4 ,! amusem5ts ( !
 ,javanese1 _! music1 _! %ad[-dances1   
all %[ a vigor & passion1 :i* expla9 _! 
occasional use ( ! kriss or ,malay      
dagg]1 & ! difficulty ( subdu+ &        
civiliz+ s ard5t & imag9ative a p4 ,b !y
 are a p sui g5]is1 & sure1 :5 r\s$ &   
educat$1 to take _! "p on ! mod]n /age4 
,i h intimat$ t ! ,dut* ,gov]nm5t has   
se5 its pa/ mi/akes1 & has ent]$ ^u a   
new & m g5]\s policy4 ,no?+ c\ld        
demon/rate ?is bett] ?an ! botanical    
g>d5s at ,buit5zorg4 ,^! are unique 9 ! 
_w1 ! mo/ complete & ! mo/ practical4 ,!
 g>d5s at ,k&y 9 ,ceylon are m          
arti/ically arrang$ & are m beautiful to
 ! ord9>y visitor4 ,b ^! 9 ,java are m  
sci5tific & m helpful to ! g5]al        
developm5t ( ! c\ntry4 ,!y include !    
*emical inve/igation ( agricultural     
products1 z well z ! te/+ ( _! nutritive
 value & _! t5sile /r5g?4 ,rubb] plant]s
 are %[n prop] me?ods ( culture1 & also 

improv$ me?ods ( prep>+ ! product =     
m>ket4 ,sev5ty diff]5t v>ieties ( rice h
 be5 discov]$ & classifi$2 & ! till]s ( 
! soil h be5 %[n h[ !y c greatly        
increase ! yield ( _! acreage4 ,all !   
great botanical collections ( ! _w      
communicate _! novelties & discov]ies to
 ! ,java g>d5s4 ,"h at ,buit5zorg !re is
 a s*ool ( =e/ry & ano!r ( vet]9>y      
sci5ce1 ea* ( ^! ) practical            
demon/rations4 ,trees & plants 9 ! g>d5s
 are gr\p$ 9 sci5tific classes1 ! palms 
by !mselves1 ! p9es by !mselves4 ,"h !  
,victoria regia1 ! royal pond-lily1     
fl\ri%es 9 its prop] habitat4 ,! av5ues 
( kan>i trees1 ) _! l(ty ov]>*+ vault+1 
are gr&] ?an any nave ( ,fr5* ca!dral4  
,x w be se5 at once t ! ,botanical &    
,exp]im5tal ,g>d5s ( ,java are ( imm5se 
s]vice to agriculture & to sci5ce       
?r\gh\t ! _w4 ,we _h ! great privilege (
 be+ p]sonally conduct$ ?r\gh !m by ,dr4
 ,k4 ,j4 ,lov9k1 ,director ( ! ,dut*    
,dep>tm5t ( ,agriculture1 ,indu/ry1 &   
,comm]ce4  ,i wi% ,i c\ld say z mu* = ! 

religi\s prospects ( ,java z ,i c say = 
its economical & political prospects4   
,!re is ev5 great] ne$ ( *ange 9 ?is    
reg>d1 = ! isl& has be5 a v /ronghold ( 
,buddhism1 z x is n[ ( ,mohamm$anism4   
,:5 driv5 out f ,india1 ! ,buddhi/      
mission>ies came to ,java & "h f\nd a   
welcome4 ,javanese k+s erect$ temples s 
enorm\s & s ri* 9 sculpture t1 defac$ & 
decay$ z !y n[ are1 !y h no sup]iors on 
e>?4 ,x 01 inde$1 ! fame ( ,boro ,budor1
 t mo/ attract$ u to ,java1 & we made a 
j\rney ( ?irte5 h\rs to inspect ?is     
r5[n$ ru94  ,imag9e a /ructure ^u an    
em95ce f :i* x is visible = miles1 yet  
wall$ 9 on "o side by a l(ty range (    
m\nta9s1 & on ! o!r side comm&+ a       
magnific5t view ( cultivat$ pla9s4      
,imag9e a temple ( brick1 l ! great     
pyramid ( ,egypt1 m ?an five hundr$ feet
 squ>e1 ) five broad t]races1 ! upp]mo/ 
( :i* encloses an imm5se sitt+ /atue (  
,buddha4 ,! topmo/ cr[n ( ?is solid     
/ructure rises m ?an two hundr$ feet    
above ! gr\nd4  ,! wond] ( ,boro ,budor 

is1 h[ev]1 n ! va/ness ( ! /ructure1    
conta9+ ?\gh x does an am\nt ( mat]ial  
five times z great z t ( any ,engli%    
ca!dral1 s mu* z x is ! enorm\s am\nt ( 
arti/ic "w t has be5 exp5d$ ^u x4 ,ea* (
 ^! five t]races has sculptur$ ^u its   
side walls "s repres5tation 9 bas-relief
 ( ! leg5d>y incid5ts ( ,buddha's       
exi/5ce1 n only 9 ! pres5t /ate1 b 9 8  
previ\s /ates ( be+4 ,y walk1 z x 71    
?r\gh a picture-gall]y ( ! life (       
,buddha4 ,! bas-reliefs are wr\ght out )
 su* delicacy z to sugge/ ! influ5ce (  
,greek art ^u ! multitude ( arti/s :o   
toil$ = ye>s to produce !m4 ,! effect1  
at lea/1 is ,grecian2 & ! numb] ( !     
plaques is s great t1 if !y 7 plac$ 9 a 
cont9u\s r[1 ! l9e w\ld be ?ree miles   
long4  ,besides ^! sculptures1 !        
t]race-walls are int]rupt$ at regul>    
int]vals by f\r hundr$ & ?irty-six ni*es
 or alcove-*apels1 ea* ) its image (    
,buddha fac+ ! outside _w1 s t ! visitor
 approa*+ ! temple _c fail to see "o    
hundr$ & n9e ,buddhas1 or "o-f\r? ( !   

total numb]1 look+ d[n ^u him4 ,above ^!
 alcove-*apels !re are sev5ty-two small 
lattic$ domes1 or dagobas1 ea* ) its    
/atue ( ,buddha imprison$ )91 z if he 7 
prep>+ himself1 by seclusion &          
m$itation1 = ! f9al /ate 9 :i* ! great  
*amb] :i* cr[ns ! /ructure repres5ts    
him1 ,i mean ! /ate ( passivity & bliss1
 :i* has escap$ ! evils ( transmigration
 & has atta9$ to absorption ( p]sonal   
exi/5ce ( ! imp]sonal _w-=ce :i* ! ,h9du
 call$ ,brahma4  ,x is difficult to     
express ! emotions :i* are r\s$ by su*  
an exhibition ( man's religi\s in/9ct1  
enlight5$ simply by ,god's revelation ( 
himself 9 ! natural _w & 9 ! nature (   
man4 ,"h is a seek+1 b n a f9d+1 a grop+
 9 ! d>k1 ) only ! fa9t rays ( consci5ce
 to %[ man ! way4 ,yet he :o is ! ,light
 ( ! ,_w 0 light+ e man1 be=e 8 adv5t 9 
! fle%1 & ev5 ,buddha 0 a re=m] & an    
advance ^u ! ,brahmanism ( 8 "t4 ,he    
prea*$ ! doctr9e ( unselfi% devotion1 b 
he turn$ x into error by ignor+ man's   
duty to himself4 ,he made ext9ction (   

desire1 r ?an purification ( desire1 to 
be ! way to happ9ess4 ,h[ diff]5t ?is f 
t ?ir/ aft] ,god1 ev5 ! liv+ ,god1 :i*  
animat$ ! ,psalmi/1 or t hung]+ & ?ir/+ 
aft] righte\sness :i* ,*ri/ says %all be
 fill$6 ,buddha f\nd 9 self1 r ?an 9    
,god1 ! p[] to ov]come evil4 ,buddhism  
has no p]sonal ,god to :om appeal may be
 made = /r5g?1 & ,buddha himself has no 
p[] to answ] pray]1 s9ce he long ago    
pass$ into a realm ( inactivity :i* is  
practically indi/+ui%able f non-exi/5ce4
 ,!re is no atonem5t = pa/ s9 nor escape
 f its consequ5ces1 b by ! giv+ up (    
be+4 ,buddhism is a pessimi/ic & joyless
 religion4 ,h5ce x suff]s det]ioration 9
 competition ) ! m active sy/ems4 ,close
 by ,boro ,budor1 :]e ,buddhism rea*$   
its culm9ation1 are ! temples ( ,m5doet 
& ,brambanam1 :i* %[ a rev]sion 9 !     
popul> m9d to ,h9du ,brahmanism4 ,& :5 !
 ,moslem came1 ) 8 doctr9e ( a p]sonal &
 liv+ ,god1 ,buddhism _h no =ce to      
combat x4 ,boro ,budor1 once ! c5t] (   
wor%ip = a mighty k+dom1 n[ /&s alone & 

desolate 9 a great wild]ness1 )\t prie/ 
or wor%ip]4 ,djokjok>ta1 ! next city 9  
size to ,batavia1 is to-day m ,mohamm$an
 ?an ,buddhi/4 ,*ri/ian s*ools &        
missions are do+ mu* to turn ?is moral  
wild]ness into beauty4 ,to conv]t ,java 
to ,*ri/ianity w add to ,*ri/'s subjects
 ! v ,que5 ( ! ,ea/4     ,,xiv  ,,!     
,,r5aissance ,,9 ,,india   ,a rec5t book
 by ,pr(4 ,c4 ,f4 ,&rews1 =m]ly ( !     
,cambridge ,bro!rhood 9 ,delhi1 has     
arre/$ my att5tion1 z ! be/ extant      
synopsis ( ! religi\s hi/ory & prospects
 ( t great c\ntry4 ,x is entitl$ ,!     
,r5aissance 9 ,india4 ,x has n yet be5  
repr9t$ 9 ,am]ica1 & c be obta9$ only 9 
! ,briti% ,isles4 ,i h ?\ght x wor? :ile
 to make x kn[n among u by writ+ a      
review1 & ! foll[+ pap] might p]haps    
s]ve su* a purpose4 ,b1 9 ! writ+1 s _m 
?\ghts & illu/rations ( my own h sugge/$
 !mselves1 t ,i _c cr$it ,pr(essor      
,&rews ) ! result1 except 9 "p1 & ,i    
submit my "w z my own almo/ z mu* z x is
 84  ,let me fir/1 h[ev]1 d ,pr(essor   

,&rews ! ju/ice ( expla9+ t ! ,cambridge
 ,bro!rhood is a semimona/ic frat]nity (
 ! ,*ur* ( ,engl&1 :i* aims to conv]t   
,india to ,*ri/ianity by indoctr9at+ its
 high] classes4 ,all its memb]s are     
ba*elors1 & _! pure life z well z _!    
le>n+ & lib]ality are attractive to     
educat$ hea!n seek]s aft] ,god4 ,our    
au?or is himself a dev\t believ] 9 a    
preexi/5t ,*ri/1 & he recognizes "s rays
 ( ,*ri/'s light 9 ,buddha & 9          
,confucius4 ,?is fai? has l$ him to sev]
 8 connection ) ! ,cambridge ,bro!rhood 
( late1 & to connect himself ) ! s*ool (
 ,rab9drana? ,tagore1 :om ! ,briti%     
,gov]nm5t has rec5tly knight$ = 8       
poetical gifts & = 8 political loyalty4 
,memb]s ( ! ,bro!rhood h ?\ght ?is leav+
 ( _! body a mi/ake ( judgm5t1 & too    
great a concession to a rival religion1 
:ile !y /ill admire ! self-devotion :i* 
leads _! =m] bro!r to c>ry 8 advocacy ( 
,*ri/ianity into :at he reg>ds z ! mo/  
promis+ s*ool ( ,h9duism4 ,) ?is        
explanation ,i proce$ to ! treatm5t ( my

 subject4         99       99       99  
99       99  ,9 ! fifte5? c5tury !      
,european _w 0 intellectually born aga94
 ,! b>b>ian ,go?s & ,v&als _h put an end
 to ! ,roman ,empire1 & le>n+ _h tak5   
refuge 9 ! mona/]ies4 ,ev5 t le>n+ _h   
become ecclesia/ical4 ,preci\s          
manuscripts ( ! ,greek classics _h _!   
orig9al writ+ wip$ (f to make room =    
monki% homilies4 ,! p 7 9 ignorance & 7 
rul$ by ! prie/s4 ,b ! ,crusades _h     
br\ght ab\t a new int]c\rse betwe5 !    
,we/ & ! ,ea/4 ,! fall ( ,con/ant9ople  
s5t ,greek books & ,greek s*ol>s to     
,v5ice & to ,rome4 ,greek art inspir$   
,mi*elangelo & ,raphael4 ,a great wave (
 en?usiasm = ! new le>n+ swept ov]      
,europe4 ,! pr9t+-press multipli$ copies
 ( ! old lit]ature & put !m 9 ! h&s ( ! 
poor4 ,x 0 ! precursor ( a new          
civilization1 & because x 0 a new bir? (
 ?\ght1 we call x ! ,r5aissance4  ,!    
,r5aissance1 h[ev]1 ne$$ ano!r factor to
 complem5t x4 ,n m]ely intellect 0      
sleep+1 b also man's moral nature4      

,consci5ce & w requir$ new /imulus4     
,religi\s re=mation 0 necess>y z mu* z  
intellectual revival4 ,greek books      
br\ght ) !m ! vice1 z well z ! art1 ( ! 
,ea/4 ,r5aissance )\t ,re=mation produc$
 ! ,borgias & _! unspeakable wick$ness4 
,erasmus )\t ,lu!r w\ld nev] h sav$     
,europe f ru94 ,x 0 ! new view ( ,*ri/ t
 %[$ m5 _! s9s1 br\ght rep5tance & hope1
 purifi$ lit]ature1 gave p[] to social  
tru?1 & unit$ ) ! new le>n+ to make     
possible our mod]n civilization4 ,x 0 a 
triumph ( ,*ri/ianity ov] ! p[]s (      
d>kness1 = ,*ri/ianity involves bo?     
,r5aissance & ,re=mation4  ,a simil>    
intellectual *ange has be5 com+ ov] !   
,ea/]n _w1 & has be5 awak5+ ! slumb]+   
nations4 ,:o w\ld h =etold a half-c5tury
 ago t ,turkey & ,p]sia1 ,japan & ,*9a1 
w\ld n[ h con/itutional gov]nm5ts &     
legislative assemblies8 ,! _w has mov$ v
 fa/ dur+ ! pa/ decade4 ,mod]n inv5tions
 h giv5 new w+s to ?\ght1 ! nations h   
be5 com+ to self-consci\sness1 fre$om is
 9 ! air1 ev5 w> is tea*+ ! absurdity ( 

committ+ ! de/9y ( a :ole p to !        
arbitr>y rule ( any s+le mon>*4 ,!      
success ( ,japan 9 h] /ruggle ) ,russia 
ar\s$ ! :ole ,ea/4 ,*9a has awak$ f !   
sleep ( ages4 ,& ,india is ! sc5e (     
unre/1 & w n be satisfi$ until h] va/   
populations are giv5 a l>g] %>e 9 h]    
gov]nm5t4  ,india has witness$ ! beg9n+s
 ( h] r5aissance4 ,! univ]sities :i* h] 
rul]s h e/abli%$ h diffus$ ! new le>n+4 
,b !y h also rais$ up a ho/ ( educat$   
m51 "s ( :om c f9d no employm5t except 9
 s$ition4 ,false philosophies1 import$ f
 ! ,we/1 h made ^! same m5 agno/ic1 & h 
dispos$ !m to put evolution 9 place (   
,god4 ,old religions h lo/ ev5 _! little
 p[] to control ! moral life1 & a vague 
desire = indep5d5ce ( all re/ra9t has l$
 to revolution>y & ev5 an>*i/ic plots4  
,we h "s ( ! same dang]s 9 our ,s\!rn   
,/ates4 ,! negro is 9 _m cases receiv+ a
 high] education ?an he c utilize1 & is 
becom+ a possible lead] ( revolt1 :ile  
!re is a va/ inflammable multitude (    
un$ucat$ negroes :om he c incite to     

viol5ce & disord]4 ,z ) u1 ,*ri/ianity  
is ne$$ side by side ) education1 s 9   
,india to-day1 intellectual r5aissance  
ne$s to be supplem5t$ by religi\s       
re=mation4  ,a glance at ! hi/ory (     
,india's religi\s sy/ems w help our     
und]/&+ ( ! problem4 ,! e>lie/ record is
 t ( ! ,rig-,v$a4 ,x is a recognition ( 
! p[]s ( nature1 & an exaltation ( !m to
 div9e honor & wor%ip4 ,! apo/le ,paul  
gives u ! fur!r explanation t ?is       
deification ( ,god's works 0 ! result ( 
a previ\s unwill+ness to reta9 ! p]sonal
 ,god 9 _! k4 ,to wor%ip ,god's         
manife/ations is to lose ! s5se ( 8     
unity & 8 moral gov]nance4 ,m5 pref]r$ !
 sun 9 ! heav5s to ! ,sun (             
,righte\sness4 ,!y lo/ sight ( ! true   
,god 9 self-*os5 admiration ( 8 works4  
,:ile ! ,semitic m9d gravitat$ t[>d !   
e?ical & ! p]sonal1 ! ,aryan gravitat$  
t[>d ! philosophic & ! imp]sonal4  ,!   
,upani%ads are ! second s]ies ( ,h9du   
scriptures4 ,^! practically id5tify !   
human s\l1 z well z all natural objects1

 ) ! supreme ,god4 ,! self is only a    
manife/ation ( ,brahma4 ,! tr5d is t[>d 
absolute pan!ism4 ,! individual is lo/ 9
 ! :ole1 & ! realization ( ?is is       
salvation4 ,b humanity _c be cont5t )\t 
! semblance ( p]sonality 9 ,god1 & s9ce 
ev]y?+ has become div9e1 x 0 easy to    
reg>d n only natural p[]s1 b also       
p]sonal be+s z gods4 ,poly!ism 0 !      
result4 ,vi%nu & ,siva1 gods (          
reproductive & de/ructive p[]s1 came to 
be wor%ip$4 ,inc>nation & transmigration
 foll[$4 ,! inc>nation 0 n ! inc>nation 
( ! supreme ,brahma1 b ( "o ( !         
subord9ate deities1 ,vi%nu1 & ev5 ?is   
inc>nation 0 b a tempor>y assumption (  
human =m--a vani%+ manife/ation1 to be  
put (f aga9 l a worn-out g>m5t :5 ! real
 god return$ to 8 heav54 ,! ,h9du       
,trimurti 0 nev] ! ,*ri/ian ,tr9ity2 =  
,*ri/ is n only ! supreme ,god manife/ 9
 ! fle%1 b also ! et]nal ,reveal] (     
,god1 :o takes our humanity to be a "p (
 himself =ev]1 ! p>tak] ( 8 inmo/ be+ & 
! %>] ( 8 ?rone4  ,:ile we cr$it        

,h9duism ) ! idea ( inc>nation1 we reg>d
 x z only %[+ ?is to be a necessity (   
human ?\ght1 & z f> f satisfy+ man's    
long+s = union ) ,god4 ,gautama ,buddha1
 passionless & lo/ 9 ! contemplation ( 8
 own excell5ce1 is n ! ,*ri/ian ,r$eem]1
 :o daily be>s our burd5s & takes ^u    
himself1 9 ord] t he may take away1 ! s9
 ( ! _w4 ,& :at %all we say ( ! o!r     
deities ( ! ,h9du pan!on1 b t !y are    
p]sonifications ( e human caprice &     
vice4 ,! ,kri%na ( ! ,puranas has       
infect$ all ,india ) 8 lic5ti\sness1 &  
has giv5 sanction to ! wor/ =ms ( lu/4  
,! gr[? ( ca/e 0 ano!r result ( ! loss (
 a p]sonal & moral ,god & ! deification 
( 8 works4 ,s9ce all ?+s came to be     
reg>d$ z manife/ations ( deity1 ! ord] (
 society & its di/9ctions became fix$4  
,! orig9 ( ca/e is to be f\nd 9 !       
sup]iority ( ! ,aryan conqu]or to !     
,dravidian aborig9es4 ,! p ( light      
complexion look$ d[n on ! d>k-sk9n$     
race1 & drove !m to ! wall4 ,int]m>riage
 betwe5 ! two classes ( ! population    

became abhorr5t to ! rul+ class1 & all  
mann] ( re/rictions 7 put ^u _!         
int]c\rse1 till ev5 ! %ad[ ( ! outca/e  
fall+ ^u ! ,brahman br\ght contam9ation4
 ,let u n blame ! ,aryan too ha/ily1 = 9
 ,s\? ,africa & 9 our own ,s\!rn ,/ates 
we see ! same d5ial t ,god has made ( "o
 blood all ! races ( m51 & ! same       
exclusion ( ! d>k] race f all privileges
 ( human bro!rhood4 ,slave-own]s 7 %ock$
 :5 ,abraham ,l9coln lift$ 8 hat to     
salute a negro1 & ,s\!rn m5 prote/$ :5  
,presid5t ,roosevelt ent]ta9$ ,book]    
,wa%+ton at 8 table4 ,*ri/ian           
proclamation ( human bro!rhood          
con/itutes "o ( ! *ief ob/acles to !    
success ( ! gospel 9 ,india4  ,! l[     
place ( woman & h] lack ( education is  
ano!r ob/acle :i* mu/ be remov$ if      
,india is to pr(it by ! r5aissance (    
le>n+4 ,?is und]valu+ ( ! physically    
weak is itself a fruit ( man's apo/asy f
 ,god4 ,& z ,brahmanism set its /amp (  
approval ^u di/9ctions ( ca/e & fix$ !m 
= c5turies1 s x 0 ) woman's position &  

influ5ce4 ,%e 0 condemn$ to inf]iority4 
,%e became a m]e in/rum5t ( man's       
pleasure1 or a m]e drudge 9 8 h\sehold4 
,%e nev] sat ) him at 8 meals1 b ate :at
 0 left aft] he _h be5 s]v$2 %e nev]    
walk$ by 8 side1 b always foll[$ beh9d1 
:5 %e 0 n %ut up 9 ! z5ana at home4 ,"o 
( ! be/ signs ( a new civilization 9    
,india is ! gr[+ conviction among !     
high] classes t woman mu/ be educat$1 if
 h] *ildr5 are to em]ge f _! sup]/itions
 & become ( use 9 ! mod]n _w4 ,! suttee 
has be5 aboli%$ by law1 b *ild-wid[hood 
yet rema9s to curse ! lives ( millions4 
,!re is no bett] pro( t ,*ri/ianity is  
p]meat+ society ) its influ5ce ?an is   
f\nd 9 ! increas+ numb] ( girls :o are  
seek+ education 9 our mission s*ools &  
colleges4 ,pundita ,ramabai has become a
 glory to h] own c\ntrym51 z mu* z has  
,rab9drana? ,tagore by 8 utt]ance1 ,!   
reg5]ation ( ! ,indian p to my m9d1     
directly & p]haps solely1 dep5ds ^u !   
removal ( ?is condition ( ca/e4 ,we may 
add t ! dom9ion ( ca/e & ! degradation (

 woman w come to an end toge!r1 & no?+ b
 ,*ri/ianity w aboli% !m4  ,! r5aissance
 ( le>n+ is n en\gh4 ,a new _s ( love is
 ne$$ to solve ! problems ( ,india4 ,=  
!re is no c\ntry ( ! _w :]e racial      
antagonisms are s felt4 ,entirely ap>t f
 ! di/9ctions ( ca/e1 :i* are racial 9  
_! orig91 !re is ! di/9ction ( ,h9du f  
,mohamm$an1 :i* has its orig9 9         
religion4 ,rememb] t1 ( ,india's        
population1 sixty-five millions are     
,moslems1 :ile "o hundr$ & eighty       
millions are ,h9dus4 ,! ,h9du m5 ( ca/e 
_c help pay+ "s respect to !            
,mohamm$ans1 = !y are compell$ to       
ackn[l$ge _! f9ancial & executive p[]1 j
 z !y ackn[l$ge1 )\t admir+1 ! p[] ( _! 
,briti% rul]s4 ,!y _c treat ,moslems z  
outca/es1 b !y w n associate ) !m2 & !y 
*]i% a settl$ antipa?y to !m4 ,all ?is !
 ,mohamm$ans he>tily reciprocate4       
,engli% policy has 9 times pa/ cultivat$
 ?is mutual dislike1 le/ union betwe5 ! 
two religi\s sects %\ld lead to !       
=mation ( a p>ty too /rong = ,briti%    

rule to keep 9 subjection4 ,"o religion 
has be5 us$ to defeat ! influ5ce ( !    
o!r4 ,( late ye>s only has x be5 true t 
bo? h be5 =c$ to recognize ! imp>tial   
ju/ice ( ,briti% rule2 & ?is recognition
 has be5 ga9$ by ! gradual admission (  
able m5 f bo? p>ties to _m important    
judicial & adm9i/rative positions 9 !   
,indian gov]nm5t4 ,b ! antagonism (     
religions /ill rema9s1 & x con/itutes a 
mo/ s]i\s b> 9 ! way ( a unit$ ,india4  
99       99       99       99       99  
,!re are signs ( an approa*+ re=mation 9
 ,india :i* w supplem5t its intellectual
 r5aissance4 ,j z ! gr[+ p[] (          
,*ri/ianity 9 ! second & ?ird c5turies (
 our era 0 %[n by ! competition ( new & 
imitative religions l t ( ,mi?ra1 & by  
spasmodic attempts on ! "p ( ! old      
hea!nism to int]pret its my?ology       
symbolically & to re=m its moral        
practice2 j z ! gr[+ p[] ( ! gospel 9 ! 
fifte5? c5tury l$ ! ,roman ,*ur* to     
sl\gh (f "s ( its abuses & to tol]ate   
among its adh]5ts re=m]s be=e !         

,re=mation2 s 9 ,india ! new le>n+ f !  
,we/ & ! mission>y proclamation ( !     
gospel h br\ght ab\t a /ate ( religi\s  
unre/ :i* c\ld only be allay$ by ef=ts  
on ! "p ( ,h9dus & ,moslems alike to    
int]pret _! fai?s m rationally & to     
prove t ^! fai?s 7 equal if n sup]ior to
 ,*ri/ianity itself4 ,! ,brahmo-,somaj1 
:i* ,ram ,mohun ,roy f\nd$ at ! end ( ! 
eighte5? c5tury1 l>gely z a result ( 8  
horror at ! murd] ( 8 si/] by suttee1   
has l$ to ! abolition ( t cruelty4 ,ram 
,mohun ,roy s\ght to purge ,h9duism (   
its corruptions by appeal+ to its e>li] 
& pur] scriptures4 ,he 0 ! fir/ to      
e/abli% a v]nacul> press 9 ,india1 &1 ) 
,alex&] ,duff1 ! fir/ ,engli% s*ools4   
,?\gh he did n =mally pr(ess            
,*ri/ianity1 he /udi$ our ,*ri/ian      
,scriptures1 ackn[l$g$ _! value &       
influ5ce1 & publi%$ a book entitl$ ,!   
,precepts ( ,jesus4  ,ano!r ,h9du :o    
ex]t$ great influ5ce dur+ ! half-c5tury 
j pass$ 0 ,ke%ub ,*und] ,s54 ,he        
passionately ador$ ,*ri/ z 8 true ,ma/]4

 ,yet he 0 practically ,unit>ian1 & 8   
lat] ye>s beli$ ! promise ( 8 brilliant 
beg9n+s4 ,?\gh a memb] ( !              
,brahmo-,somaj1 he split ! body 9 two by
 8 violation ( its prohibition (        
*ild-m>riage1 & wa/$ 8 /r5g? 9 attempts 
to comb9e ,we/]n rationalism ) ! ec/atic
 f]vors ( ! ,ea/4 ,z ! result1 !        
,brahmo-,somaj has decl9$1 until 9      
numb]s & influ5ce x has n[ h>dly m ?an  
five ?\s& adh]5ts 9 all ,india4 ,mozumd>
 0 "o ( its repres5tatives :o s\ght to  
give ,ori5tal int]pretation ( ,jesus1 b 
"o )\t e?ical or sav+ p[]4 ,!           
,arya-,samaj is a m consi/5t ef=t to    
re=m ,h9du religion by br++ x back to ! 
pur] /&>ds ( ! ,v$as4 ,swami ,dayan& 0 !
 f\nd] ( ! society4 ,he 0 l$ to r5\nce  
idolatry by see+ a m\se eat food (f]$ to
 an idol & run )\t h9drance ov] ! idol's
 robes & h&s4 ,( all ! re=m+ bodies1 !  
,arya-,samaj mo/ reta9s ! confid5ce ( ! 
masses 9 ! nor? ( ,india4 ,b its t5ets  
are n acceptable to ! educat$ classes ( 
! s\?1 & x ne$s a fur!r infusion ( bo?  

sci5ce & religion4  ,?us f> we h treat$ 
only ( ,h9du progress4 ,a ^w mu/ be said
 ( progress among ! ,moslem population (
 ,india4 ,"h ! ,alig>h ,movem5t dem&s   
att5tion4 ,sir ,seyd ,ahmad ,khan 0 its 
lead]4 ,he 0 ( noble family1 ent]$ !    
,engli% s]vice1 & took "p ) ! ,briti% 9 
cru%+ ! mut9y ( #aheg4 ,:5 ! ,mohamm$an 
population aft]w>d fell "u suspicion1 he
 ga!r$ r\nd him a company ( lib]al "y m5
 & s\ght by educational means to bridge 
! gulf betwe5 ,moslem & ,engli%4 ,he    
claim$ t ,briti% rule 9 ,india repres5t$
 ,*ri/ian civilization1 & t ?is is no   
enemy to ,islam1 b only its complem5t & 
help]4 ,he saw t only religion c\ld heal
 ! brea* & rescue ,islam f decl9e4 ,he  
f\nd$ ! ,alig>h ,college 9 ,delhi1 &    
devot$ himself to ! cultivation (       
fri5dl9ess1 n only betwe5 ,moslem &     
,engli%1 b also betwe5 ,moslem & ,h9du4 
,?is college is "o ( ! /ronge/          
educational =ces 9 ,nor? ,india4        
,return+ to ,h9du progress1 we m>k ! "w 
( su* m5 z ! ,swami ,vivekan&a4 ,x w be 

rememb]$ t he repres5t$ ,india at our   
,*icago ,p>liam5t ( ,religions1 :]e     
,joseph ,cook *all5g$ ! prie/s ( !      
,ori5t to answ] ,lady ,macbe?'s "q1 ,:o 
%all cleanse ?is r$ "r h&8 ,vivekan&a   
s\ght to bl5d ,*ri/ian philan?ropy ) !  
,v$antic philosophy4 ,id5tity ) !       
,supreme is to be atta9$1 n only by     
passive contemplation1 b also by active 
unselfi% s]vice4 ,b ?is tru? 0 mix$ )   
/range int]pretations ( ,scripture4     
,jesus' decl>ation1 ,i & my ,fa!r are   
"o1 0 made to mean1 ,e man & woman is   
,god4 ,& ,vivekan&a 0 q will+ himself to
 be wor%ip$4 ,8 fundam5tal error1 inde$1
 0 8 lack ( ! s5se ( s94 ,he said to 8  
audi5ce 9 ,*icago3 ,! ,h9dus refuse to  
call y s9n]s4 ,ye div9ities on e>?1     
s9n]s8 ,x is a s9 to call a man s4 ,x is
 a /&+ libel on human nature4 ,yet1 9   
spite ( ?is deification ( self & ( all  
humanity1 he did mu* to inspire pity = !
 poor1 to awak5 ,india to               
self-consci\sness1 & to give hope (     
national unity4  ,we mu/ n ignore ! "w (

 ,! ,!osophical ,society1 ?\gh x has    
made a "n = itself m 9 ,europe & ,am]ica
 ?an 9 ,india4 ,:ile x has done some?+  
to enc\rage education & to tea* mod]n   
sci5ce1 x has us$ ! k ?us giv5 z an     
in/rum5t 9 def5d+ sup]/ition4 ,!        
immoralities ( ,kri%na are discuss$ &   
palliat$ 9 ,mrs4 ,besant's ,magaz9e = ! 
in/ruction ( "y /ud5ts4 ,*>ms1          
incantations1 a/rology1 idolatry1 ca/e1 
are all wov5 into ! sy/em1 = ! sake (   
propitiat+ ! ,indian m9d1 s t its       
influ5ce is ho/ile to ,*ri/ianity & to  
missions4 ,idols are to be wor%ip$      
because !y are c5t]s ( magnetism4 ,9    
,engl& ,mrs4 ,besant pr$icts a second   
adv5t ( ,*ri/4 ,b 9 ,india ?is becomes a
 new avat> ( ,kri%na4 ,9 spite ( h] /\t 
d5unciation ( *ild-m>riages & h]        
inculcation ( mod]n sci5ce1 h] propag&a 
has n be5 s mu* a re=m ( ,indian        
religion1 z x has be5 a h9drance to     
re=m4 ,h9du devotees inde$ h eulogiz$ h]
 = :at !y call h] successful opposition 
to ! proselyt+ ef=ts ( ,*ri/ian         

mission>ies4  ,& yet1 ev5 ! ,!osophical 
,society1 ) all its absurdities (       
levitation & ! a/ral body1 has be5      
compell$ to be> "s witness to ,jesus    
,*ri/4 ,he is ! light t lighte? e man1 &
 he has giv5 ev5 to ?is sy/em "s elem5ts
 ( tru?4 ,we d n hesitate to recognize !
 tru? t ,buddha & ,confucius1 taught1 & 
to reg>d x z a ray ( ,*ri/'s light %$ =?
 be=e ! ris+ ( ! sun4 ,& x is our       
privilege to conclude our li/ ( ,h9du   
re=m]s ) ! "n ( ,ju/ice ,r5ade1 :o      
recogniz$ 9 ,*ri/ ! s\rce ( all =m]     
revelations ( ,god4  ,ju/ice ,r5ade1 9 8
 social re=m movem5t ( ! la/ fifty ye>s1
 has c>ri$ ! _s ( philan?ropy into      
practice1 m fully ?an did ,vivekan&a or 
,mrs4 ,besant1 & )\t any ( _! fanta/ic  
self-exaltation4 ,r5ade recogniz$ !     
elem5ts ( tru? 9 bo? ! ,h9du & ,moslem  
sy/ems1 & he saw 9 ,*ri/ianity !        
influ5ce de/9$ to unite !m4 ,he w\ld n  
?r[ away ! old1 b he w\ld utilize x :ile
 he add$ ! new4 ,& ) ?is ackn[l$gm5t t  
he :o is n aga9/ u is on our side1 we   

may well close our sket* ( re=m]s be=e !
 re=mation4 ,we sum up ! lessons (      
hi/ory :5 we recognize 9 ,h9duism ! two 
great ideas ( div9e imman5ce &          
inc>nation1 9 ,mohamm$anism ! two       
equally ess5tial tru?s ( div9e          
transc5d5ce & p]sonality4 ,& we see !   
absolute dep5d5ce ( ,india ^u           
,*ri/ianity = its true ,re=mation4      
,india ne$s ! mission>y m ?an %e ne$s ! 
s*oolma/]4 ,let u pray t %e may h a     
religi\s revival t %all turn !          
intellectual awak5+ into moral *annels4 
,t religi\s revival w furni% a c5t] (   
unity 9 ,*ri/1 ! "o & only ,reveal] (   
,god2 n 9 a ,h9du philosophy1 nor 9 a   
,moslem ,koran1 b 9 a liv+ ,p]son1      
pres5t ) all 8 p1 ! s\l ( _! s\l & !    
life1 & imp>t+ to !m 8 own ,_s ( love & 
bro!rhood4 ,9 ,*ri/ alone c ,india's    
r5aissance become a complete re=mation4 
,,xv  ,,missions ,,& ,,scripture   ,! _w
 ( s*ol>s has rec5tly be5 />tl$ by !    
pret5d$ discov]y t ! ,great ,commission1
 ,g ye !re=e1 & make disciples ( all !  

nations1 is n an utt]ance ( ,jesus      
himself1 b only "o attribut$ to him by  
"s en?usia/ic foll[] ( 8 9 a lat] "t4   
,?is pret5d$ discov]y is on a p> ) !    
e>li] "o t !re nev] 0 su* a p]son z     
,jesus at all1 b t 8 p]sonality is      
simply a my? t gradually grew up 9 !    
m9ds ( "s ,jewi% fanatics :o s\ght a    
fulfilm5t ( ,messianic prophecy4 ,we    
might treat ^! p]v]se & subv]sive       
conclusions z only curi\s in/ances ( a  
wrong me?od ( criticism4 ,b !y filt] d[n
 f ! s*ol>s to ! masses ( ,*ri/ian      
believ]s & weak5 _! fai?4 ,x becomes a  
duty to deal ) ! me?od :i* leads to su* 
results1 & ?reat5s to de/roy all our    
mission>y zeal4 ,h5ce ,i proce$ to te/ !
 value ( ! me?od itself1 ev5 ?\gh x is  
commonly call$ ! hi/orical me?od by ^?  
:o adopt x4 ,if we c be> a some:at      
r\ndab\t way ( treat+ ! subject1 we %all
 ga9 a new & valuable light ^u our      
mission>y !ory & practice4  ,to prev5t  
misund]/&+1 h[ev]1 ,i mu/ premise t x is
 ! hi/orical me?od z frequ5tly employ$1 

& n ! hi/orical me?od z x ought to be1  
to :i* ,i (f] my objections4 ,my        
criticism is direct$ aga9/ ! hi/orical  
me?od1 only :5 x assumes to be !        
exclusive means ( atta9+ tru?1 foll[s ! 
me?ods ( physical sci5ce1 & ignores ! f>
 m important mat]ial = religi\s use :i* 
is furni%$ by intuition & revelation4 ,!
 phrase hi/orical me?od has come to     
imply mu* t does n prop]ly belong to x4 
,i criticize only its frequ5t           
exclusiv5ess & exagg]ation4 ,& ,i d ?is1
 z ,i ?9k1 9 ! int]e/ ( true sci5ce4    
,!re are two me?ods ( reason+ possible1 
9 ?is case or 9 any o!r case1 & !re are 
only two--,i mean ! d$uctive1 & !       
inductive4 ,i make no m5tion ( argum5t f
 analogy1 = t proce$s ^u a d$uctive     
basis1 presum+ t !re is a design$ ord] 9
 ! _w :i* makes analogy possible4 ,!    
d$uctive me?od argues f ! univ]sal to ! 
p>ticul>1 f ! high] to ! l[]1 f ,god to 
man4 ,! inductive me?od1 on ! o!r h&1   
argues f ! p>ticul> to ! univ]sal1 f !  
l[] to ! high]1 f man to ,god4 ,bo? ( ^!

 me?ods are correct :5 ea* is tak5 9    
connection ) ! o!r4 ,mu* dep5ds1 h[ev]1 
^u ! "q :i* is tak5 fir/4 ,%all we beg9 
) ! p>ticul>1 leav+ out = ! "t all ?\ght
 ( ! univ]sal8 ,!re is dang] t induction
 w come to be reg>d$ z itself suffici5t 
to lead u into ! tru?4 ,?is is a s]i\s  
error1 = correct induction presupposes  
d$uction1 & !re=e d$uction %\ld be !    
guid+ pr9ciple & safegu>d ( induction4  
,if ?is is =gott51 induction may g      
fe>fully a/ray4  ,to make my mean+ /ill 
m pla91 let me say t 9 our inve/igations
 we ne$ a compreh5sive me?od1 a me?od t 
w look at facts f m ?an "o po9t ( view4 
,a truly hi/orical me?od w look at facts
 f above1 z well z f ea* side1 & s !    
d$uctive process may be popul>ly        
describ$ z v]tical4 ,! hi/orical me?od  
falsely s call$ errs 9 conf9+ its view  
to :at c be se5 imm$iately ar\nd x1 & s 
its process is exclusively horizontal4  
,d$uction beg9s v]tically1 & makes t :i*
 comes f above to be its guide & /&>d 9 
all inductive "w4 ,induction beg9s      

horizontally1 & t5ds to become          
self-suffici5t1 until all light f above 
seems untru/wor?y & useless4 ,= example1
 take ! /udy ( nature4 ,if "o beg9s1    
inductively & horizontally1 ) m]e       
physical & mat]ial ord]1 in/ead (       
beg9n+1 d$uctively & v]tically1 ) man's 
high] p[]s ( consci5ce & w1 he w end by 
f9d+ only imp]sonal =ce 9 ! univ]se1 &  
by practically deify+ x1 z ! ,h9dus     
deifi$ ,brahma4 ,beg9 rightly1 &1 ) due 
c>e 9 ! application ( ! d$uctive        
pr9ciple1 he w come to "r conclusions4  
,!re are c]ta9 tru?s :i* _c be rea*$ by 
induction4 ,!y are kn[n by intuition1   
long be=e induction beg9s4 ,! mo/       
fundam5tal ( ^! tru?s is ! tru? ( ,god's
 exi/5ce4 ,a ,p[] above u1 :i* has moral
 p]fection1 & :i* claims our ob$i5ce1 is
 reveal$ to e man by consci5ce4 ,beg9 ) 
?is k1 & to ! ob$i5t _s ! physical _w   
seems ablaze ) evid5ces ( wisdom & love2
 ! regul>ities ( nature are recogniz$ z 
,god's me?ods ( ord9>y op]ation2        
evolution is only 8 usual plan ( gr[? & 

progress2 9 o!r words1 ,god's           
transc5d5ce is manife/ z well z 8       
imman5ce1 8 p]sonality z well z 8       
revelation 9 ! =ces ( ! univ]se4  ,man  
is a !i/1 be=e he becomes a ,*ri/ian4   
,!ism is a univ]sal intuition1 ready to 
ass]t itself 9 practice :]ev] x is n    
prev5t$ by an evil w f its normal       
manife/ation4 ,b1 because man is 9 an   
abnormal condition1 ?is normal action ( 
8 p[]s c be re/or$ only by ! ,holy ,_s4 
,:5 he is come1 says our ,"l1 he w      
conv9ce ! _w ( s91 because !y believe n 
on me1 & ( righte\sness1 because ,i g   
unto ! ,fa!r4 ,only :5 ! prodigal       
rep5t$1 did he come to himself1 & beg9  
to act normally4 ,"u ! influ5ce ( ! ,_s1
 ,god's hol9ess reveals to man 8 s91 &  
,god's love leads him to ! feet (       
,jesus4 ,?is is ! fir/ /ep 9 ,*ri/ian   
exp]i5ce4 ,to put my doctr9e unmi/akably
 & 9 a nut%ell1 d$uction f ! exi/5ce (  
,god normally prec$es & insures !       
acceptance ( ,*ri/4 ,! s9n] comes to h  
p]sonal k ( ,"o :o has aton$1 & !re=e c 

=give4 ,b to him :o has accept$ ,*ri/1 8
 ,"l is m ?an a hi/orical ,r$eem]1 he is
 a pres5t ,savi\r f bo? ! p5alty & ! p[]
 ( s94 ,)\t ?is p]sonal k ( ,*ri/1 we   
might ?9k ( him z only "o ( _m human    
examples or tea*]s1 l ,confucius or     
,buddha4 ,n[1 he is no?+ less ?an ,god  
manife/ 9 ! fle%1 omnipres5t1 omnisci5t1
 omnipot5t1 :om hav+ se5 we h se5 !     
,fa!r4  ,b !re is a second /ep 9        
,*ri/ian exp]i5ce1 :i* ,i wi% also to   
describe 9 a nut%ell & to def9e z       
unmi/akably z ,i describ$ & def9$ !     
fir/4 ,i claim t d$uction f ! exi/5ce ( 
,*ri/ normally prec$es & insures !      
acceptance ( ,scripture4 ,our ,"l       
himself has said1 ,my %eep he> my voice4
 ,! ,*ri/ian recognizes 9 ,scripture !  
voice ( ,*ri/4 ,no *ange 9 8 exp]i5ce is
 m m>k$ & wond]ful ?an ! *ange 9 8      
e/imate ( ! ,bible4 ,a little "t ago1   
,scripture 0 commonplace & unmean+4 ,n[ 
x speaks to him ) a liv+ voice su* words
 ( in/ruction & com=t1 ( w>n+ & promise1
 t 8 s\l is fill$ alt]nately ) sorr[ & )

 joy4 ,he wond]s t he nev] saw ^! ?+s   
be=e4 ,he p]ceives = ! fir/ "t t he has 
be5 9 an abnormal condition ( m9d1 & t  
condition has be5 due to 8 own p]v]sity 
( w4 ,b n[ ! prodigal has come to       
himself4 ,only ! ,holy ,_s c\ld h made  
possible ?is new & normal ex]cise ( 8   
p[]s4 ,! *ange is n 9 ! ,scripture1 x is
 9 himself4 ,he has come 9 contact ) a  
^w ( ,god t live? & abide?4 ,he sees 9 x
 ! div9e workman%ip4 ,he c no long]     
reg>d ,scripture z m]ely ! "w ( man2 x  
is also ! "w ( ! same ,_s :o has        
trans=m$ him1 namely1 ! et]nal ,*ri/4   
,*ri/ is ! au?or & inspir] ( ,scripture1
 ev5 ?\gh imp]fect human ag5ts h be5    
employ$ to communicate 8 revelation4 ,9 
spite ( ! rud5ess & div]sity ( !        
in/rum5ts1 !re brea!s ?r\gh !m all a    
c]ta9 div9e melody & h>mony4 ,:ile !    
inductive & horizontal me?od w\ld give u
 only f9ite & e>?ly tru?1 ! d$uctive &  
v]tical c give u tru? t is inf9ite &    
et]nal4 ,! indisp5sable condition (     
success 9 ! int]pretation ( ,scripture  

is !re=e a he>ty belief t ! ,bible is   
,*ri/'s revelation ( ,god1 & n m]ely a  
s]ies ( grop+s aft] tru? on ! "p ( m54  
,d$uction w give u tru? f above1 :]eas  
induction w give u only scatt]$ facts on
 ! horizontal plane4  ,i am conv9c$ t ! 
s-call$ hi/orical me?od ( ,scripture    
int]pretation1 z x is usually employ$1  
fails to secure correct results1 because
 x proce$s :olly by induction1 leav+ out
 ( its acc\nt ! k ( ,*ri/ :i* comes to !
 ,*ri/ian 9 8 p]sonal exp]i5ce4 ,i d n  
reg>d su* a hi/orical me?od z really    
hi/orical2 ,i d5y t x discov]s ! orig9al
 mean+ ( ! docum5ts2 ,i claim t1 :5 made
 ! sole av5ue ( approa* to tru?1 x leads
 to false views ( doctr9e4 ,x assumes at
 ! outset t :at rules 9 ! realm (       
physics rules also 9 ! moral & religi\s 
realm4 ,b ! ,*ri/ian has le>n$ t ,*ri/  
is ! supreme s\rce ( tru?4 ,by a process
 ( ei!r consci\s or unconsci\s d$uction 
he recognizes 9 ,scripture ! utt]ance ( 
,*ri/4 ,he mu/ beg9 8 inve/igations ) "o
 ( two assumptions3 ,is ! ,bible only   

man's ^w8 or1 ,is x also ,*ri/'s ^w8 ,is
 x a m]e product ( human intellig5ce8   
or1 ,is x also ! product ( a div9e      
intellig5ce1 :o inde$ uses human &      
imp]fect means ( communication1 b :o    
nev]!less at sundry times & 9 div]s     
mann]s has br\ght to ! _w ! k (         
salvation8  ,i claim t we %\ld beg9 by  
assum+ t ! ,bible is a revelation (     
,*ri/4 ,?is ass]tion is ju/ifi$1 z ,i h 
already intimat$1 by our ,*ri/ian       
exp]i5ce4 ,t exp]i5ce has giv5 u a k ( !
 he>t1 m valuable 9 religi\s ?+s ?an any
 m]e k ( ! intellect4 ,doctor ,?oluck1 9
 an address to 8 /ud5ts at 8 fiftie?    
anniv]s>y1 said t ,god's greate/ gift to
 him _h be5 ! k ( s94 ,)\t t conviction 
( s9 :i* ! ,_s ( ,*ri/ c "w 9 ! human   
he>t1 !re c be no prop] und]/&+ (       
,scripture1 = ,scripture is a revelation
 to s9n]s4 ,! op5+ ( ! he>t to receive  
,*ri/1 & ! new s5se ( 8 p>don+ grace &  
p[]1 give to ! conv]t$ man ! key to !   
int]pretation ( ,scripture1 = ! my/]y ( 
! gospel1 ! c5tral secret ( ,*ri/ianity1

 is ,*ri/ 9 y1 ! hope ( glory4 ,he :om !
 ,holy ,_s has fir/ l$ to ! k ( s91 &   
has !n l$ to ! acceptance ( ,*ri/1 is   
prep>$ to ent] into ! mean+ (           
,scripture1 & no o!r man c und]/& x4    
,?is 0 ! way 9 :i* ,paul came to und]/& 
,scripture4 ,x 0 n by criticism ( !     
docum5ts1 b by receiv+ ,*ri/1 t ! light 
( ! k ( ! glory ( ,god 9 ! face ( ,jesus
 ,*ri/ ent]$ into 8 s\l4 ,he knew       
himself to be ! *ief ( s9n]s4 ,he knew  
,*ri/ z 8 manife/$ ,god & ,savi\r4 ,he  
appli$ to ,*ri/ all t ! ,old ,te/am5t _h
 reveal$ ) reg>d to ! deal+s ( ,god ) 8 
*os5 p4 ,! light t %one ^u him on ! way 
to ,damascus 0 ! ,%ek9ah t l$ ,israel 9 
! pill> ( cl\d by day & ( fire by night1
 t dwelt ov] ! m]cy-seat 9 ! tab]nacle &
 9 ! temple1 & t ?und]$ & light5$ f     
,s9ai 9 ! giv+ ( ! ,law4 ,! ,rock t     
foll[$ !m 9 ! wild]ness1 & gave wat] to 
! ?ir/y1 t ,rock 0 ,*ri/4 ,& s ,paul    
came to "k ,jesus ,*ri/ z preexi/5t &   
omnipres5t1 z ,r$eem] ( ! :ole _w1      
,g5tile z well z ,jew2 & ,*ri/'s ,cross 

became ! embodim5t & symbol ( ,god's    
amaz+ sorr[ = human s91 & ( 8 sacrifice 
= its cure4 ,all ,paul's lat]           
conclusions 7 developm5ts & expressions 
( 8 initial k ( ,*ri/4 ,x 0 a d$uctive &
 n an inductive process1 by :i* he      
arriv$ at 8 !ology4  ,le/ any ,*ri/ian  
%\ld say t ! d$uctive me?od is          
impracticable to him1 = ! reason t he   
has _h no su* revelation ( ,*ri/ to />t 
f z t :i* 0 giv5 to ,paul1 ,scripture   
reports to u ! v diff]5t exp]i5ce (     
ano!r apo/le4 ,i ref] to ,pet]4 ,pet]   
%[s u h[1 by ?is same d$uctive me?od1 an
 exp]i5ce :i* at its beg9n+ is v small1 
may 9 ! end become v great4 ,pet] goes  
to ! banks ( ,jordan1 a s9n]1 seek+     
p>don = 8 s94 ,john ! ,bapti/ po9ts him 
to ,jesus1 ,behold ! ,lamb ( ,god1 :o   
take? away ! s9 ( ! _w4 ,pet] kn[s no?+ 
( ,jesus' deity1 nor ( 8 atonem5t4 ,b1  
by an in/9ct :i* is ! be/ ( logic1 he is
 drawn to ,jesus1 z ! "o :o c satisfy 8 
ne$s4 ,he becomes a ,*ri/ian1 t is1 a   
foll[] ( ,jesus4 ,8 exp]i5ce is a sort (

 cat]pill>2 x c creep1 b x _c so>4 ,yet 
all ! elem5ts ( gr[? are 9 x4 ,pet]     
beg9s to analyze x4 ,:at "r has he to   
surr5d] himself1 body & s\l1 to a man l 
himself8 ,! answ] is3 ,jesus is m ?an   
man4 ,at ,cs>ea ,philippi1 ,pet] cries1 
,?\ art ! ,*ri/1 ! son ( ! liv+ ,god4   
,on ! day ( ,p5teco/1 he prea*es ,*ri/ z
 ! ,savi\r exalt$ to ,god's "r h&4 ,&   
f9ally1 9 8 ,epi/les1 he decl>es !      
preexi/5ce ( ,*ri/1 & ! fact ( ,*ri/'s  
utt]ances ?r\gh ! prophets z f> back 9  
"t z ! days ( ,noah4 ,if our high]      
critics only adopt$ ,pet]'s me?od1      
analyz$ _! own exp]i5ce1 foll[+ on to "k
 _! ,"l & meantime will+ to d 8 w1 !y   
too1 l ,pet]1 9 spite ( small beg9n+s1  
w\ld le>n ( ,jesus' doctr9e1 w\ld em]ge 
f ! cat]pill> /ate1 w\ld be so>+ in/ead 
( creep+1 & w\ld end by gladly confess+ 
t he :o met !m on ! way 9 _! fir/       
exp]i5ce 0 none o!r ?an ! omnipres5t    
,*ri/1 :om ,paul describes z ,god       
manife/ 9 ! fle%1 9 :om dwelle? all !   
fulness ( ! ,godhead bodily4 ,!y w\ld   

also le>n1 ) ,pet]1 t ,scripture is ! "w
 & ^w ( ! preexi/5t ,*ri/4  ,because ?is
 exp]i5ce ( s9 & ( ,*ri/ is k1 x is     
mat]ial = sci5ce1 = sci5ce is only      
unifi$ k4 ,i d n d5y t x is k peculi> to
 ! ,*ri/ian4 ,! pr9ces ( physics &      
lit]ature & gov]nm5t h n kn[n x4 ,x is n
 ! wisdom ( ?is _w1 b x is bett]1 ev5 ! 
v wisdom ( ,god4 ,i glory 9 ,*ri/ian    
!ology1 z ! sci5ce t w la/1 :5 all      
sy/ems ( m]ely physical sci5ce h pass$  
away4 ,= ! man :o has be5 sav$ by ,*ri/ 
has k ( him :o is ,creator1 ,uphold]1 & 
,life ( all4 ,i d n hesitate to say t ! 
only safe int]pret] ( physical nature is
 ! true ,*ri/ian1 = x is ,*ri/ 9 :om all
 ?+s consi/4 ,! true ,*ri/ian is ! only 
safe int]pret] ( hi/ory1 = x is ,*ri/ :o
 upholds all ?+s by ! ^w ( 8 p[]4 ,& s1 
! true ,*ri/ian is ! only safe int]pret]
 ( ,scripture1 = x is ,*ri/ ^: ,_s 9 !  
prophets te/ifi$ be=eh& ( 8 suff]+s1 & (
 ! glories t %\ld foll[ !m4 ,9 him :o is
 ! ,"l ( all are all ! treasures (      
wisdom & k hidd54 ,only :5 "o is jo9$ to

 ,*ri/1 c he und]/& ! evolution>y       
process ?r\gh :i* ,*ri/ has l$ ! human  
race1 or und]/& ! ,bible :i* con/itutes 
! hi/orical record ( t process4 ,) !    
,psalmi/ we may say1 ,9 ?y light %all we
 see light4  ,z ,*ri/ is ! c5tral object
 ( k 9 ,*ri/ian exp]i5ce1 x foll[s t    
,*ri/ians recognize him z ! prim>y au?or
 ( ,scripture4 ,!y f9d him speak+ to !m 
9 ! ,bible1 z 9 no o!r book4 ,x becomes 
to !m ! ^w ( ,god1 giv5 by div9e        
inspiration1 & able to make !m wise unto
 salvation4 ,f ! deity & supremacy (    
,*ri/ !y proce$ to fai? 9 ! unity1 !    
suffici5cy1 & ! au?ority ( ,scripture1 &
 ?is det]m9es _! me?od ( inve/igation4  
,f ! p]son ( ,*ri/ to ! ^w ( ,*ri/ is a 
process (t5 unconsci\s1 b "o bett] ?an  
any process ( =mal logic4 ,kn[+ _! div9e
 ,savi\r1 !y "k ! div9ity ( 8 ^w4 ,8    
pres5ce 9 human hi/ory & 9 ! he>ts ( !  
righte\s has giv5 unity to 8 cont9u\s   
revelation4 ,! ,scripture _c be brok51  
or int]pret$ z a promiscu\s cong]ies (  
sep>ate bits2 = a div9e intellig5ce &   

life ?rob ?r\gh ! :ole collection4 ,l   
railway c\pons1 its texts are n good if 
deta*$4 ,we mu/ int]pret ea* text by its
 context1 ea* "p by ! :ole1 ! prep>ation
 ( salvation by ! fulfilm5t1 & all !    
div]se cont5ts by him :o weaves all     
toge!r1 ev5 ,*ri/1 ! end ( ! law1 to :om
 all ! prelim9>ies po9t4 ,?is me?od     
gives room = ! mo/ ?or\gh inve/igation (
 ! times & ways ( revelation1 =         
recogniz+ ! imp]fection ( beg9n+s & !   
v>iety ( ! product4 ,! ,bible is a      
gradually accumulat$ lit]ature1 ,hebraic
 9 =m1 b univ]sal 9 _s4 ,! preexi/5t    
,*ri/ has made all ?is lit]ature "o1 by 
! influ5ce 9 ! sacr$ writ]s ( 8         
omnipres5t ,_s4 ,if ! hi/orical me?od   
w\ld beg9 ) ?is po/ulate ( a unify+     
,*ri/1 its me?od w\ld be m safe & its   
results m sure4  ,fai? 9 an et]nal &    
omnipres5t ,*ri/ gu>antees also !       
suffici5cy ( ,scripture4 ,"h1 h[ev]1 !re
 is an obvi\s limitation4 ,scripture is 
n suffici5t = all ! k9ds & purposes (   
human sci5ce4 ,x w n tell u !           

configuration ( ! h9d] side ( ! moon1   
nor reveal ! future uses ( electricity4 
,x is n ) su* ?+s t ,scripture deals4 ,b
 9 religi\s matt]s1 su* z our relation  
to ,god & salvation1 x is suffici5t z a 
rule ( fai? & practice4 ,we may f9d 9 x 
all ne$ful models & helps 9 ! div9e     
life1 z well z all ne$ful directions    
ab\t ! way to beg9 x4 ,! *ur* ( ,*ri/   
has always f\nd 9 ! ,bible a safe guide 
= h] polity & conduct1 & civil gov]nm5t 
has prosp]$ :5 ! pr9ciples ( ,scripture 
7 foll[$ by ! p[]s t rul$ ! ,/ate4      
,because ! ,*ri/ian believes ! ,bible to
 be ! product ( m5 inspir$ by ,*ri/1 he 
c s5d x out by ! million copies z equal 
to ! moral & spiritual ne$s ( ! _w4  ,& 
because ,*ri/ is1 ?r\gh 8 imp]fect      
ag5ts1 ! real au?or ( ,scripture1 we    
believe 9 its absolute au?ority4 ,:5    
rightly int]pret$1 h[ev]4 ,x w nev] d to
 treat poetry z if x 7 prose1 or drama z
 if x 7 hi/ory1 or allegory z if x 7    
fact4 ,*ri/ c use1 & he has us$1 all !  
common me?ods ( lit]>y composition1 & he

 expects u to use common s5se 9 deal+ ) 
!m4 ,b out ( ! :ole c be evolv$ a       
consi/5t doctr9e & an au?oritative law4 
,! "o & only way ( salvation is pla9ly t
 ( fai? 9 ,god's provision ( p>don &    
life 9 ,*ri/4 ,9 spite ( _m div]g5ces1 !
 great body ( ,*ri/ians ?r\gh\t ! ages h
 agre$ 9 _! recognition ( ! p]sonality &
 ! deity ( ! ,fa!r1 ! ,son1 & ! ,holy   
,_s2 ( ! inc>nation & ! atonem5t (      
,*ri/2 ( 8 resurrection & 8 lord%ip2 ( 8
 omnipres5ce ) 8 p ev5 to ! end ( ! _w4 
,!y h express$ ?is agreem5t 9 !         
,apo/les' ,cre$ & 9 ! hymnology ( !     
*ur*4 ,b ! great body ( in/ruct$        
,*ri/ians also believe 9 ,*ri/ z !      
,reveal] ( ,god 9 nature & 9 hi/ory2 z !
 ,light t lighte? e man 9 consci5ce &   
tradition2 & z ! righte\s ,judge :o     
accepts 9 e nation ^? :o fe> ,god & "w  
righte\sness1 ca/+ !mselves z s9n]s ^u !
 div9e m]cy ev5 ?\gh !y d n yet "k t ?is
 div9e m]cy is only ano!r "n = ,*ri/4 ,!
 ,bible1 z a :ole & :5 rightly          
int]pret$1 is absolute au?ority1 because

 x is ! ^w ( ,*ri/2 & ,*ri/ holds ea* ( 
u1 z individuals1 to ! duty & !         
privilege ( int]pret+ ! ,bible =        
himself4  ,x seems to me pla9 t ?is     
me?od ( int]pret+ ,scripture 9 ! light (
 ! ,*ri/ian's exp]i5ce ( ,*ri/1 is n !  
hi/orical me?od1 z x is usually employ$4
 ,?is latt] me?od seems to ignore !     
relation ( ,scripture to ,*ri/1 & to    
proce$ 9 its inve/igations z if !re 7 no
 preexi/5t ,*ri/ to furni% its pr9ciple4
 ,x insi/s ^u treat+ ,scripture z x w\ld
 treat any unreligi\s or hea!n          
lit]ature1 & ) no relation to its div9e 
au?or%ip4 ,x sees 9 ,scripture only a   
promiscu\s collection ( disjo9t$        
docum5ts1 ) no liv+ tie to b9d !m       
toge!r1 & no significance beyond t ( !  
"t 9 :i* !y 7 writt54 ,x w\ld treat !   
,bible z a man-made book1 or r1 z a     
man-made s]ies ( books1 reg>dless ( !   
fact t ! plural biblia1 :i* once        
repres5t$ ! ?\ght ( ! *ur*1 has1 "u !   
influ5ce ( ! div9e ,_s1 become biblion  
or ,bible1 a s+ul>1 & a pro( t ,*ri/ian 

consci\sness has n be5 satisfi$ )       
rationali/ic explanations1 b has foll[$ 
its natural impulses by attribut+ unity 
to ! ^w ( ,*ri/ its ,savi\r4 ,! sep>ate 
words h be5 felt to con/itute ! "o ^w ( 
,god1 an organic :ole1 :i* fitly        
repres5ts ! et]nal ,^w1 ( :om x is !    
voice & expression4 ,scripture is n a   
cong]ies ( e>?-born fragm5ts1 b an      
organism1 pulsat+ ) div9e life4 ,!      
hi/orical me?od ( :i* ,i speak c nev]   
f9d t life1 because x works only on !   
physical & horizontal plane1 ignor+ !   
light :i* comes d$uctively f above1 &   
also ! d>k5+ & bl9d+ influ5ces :i* (t5  
op]ate unconsci\sly f bel[4     ,,xvi   
,,scripture ,,& ,,missions   ,!         
hi/orical me?od ( ,scripture            
int]pretation1 z x is (t5 employ$1 ends 
)\t ,*ri/1 because x beg9s )\t him4 ,"o 
( its fundam5tal pr9ciples is t ea*     
passage ( ,scripture is to be int]pret$ 
solely 9 ! light ( ! k & int5t ( ! p]son
 :o wrote x4 ,! ,"o ,hundr$ & ,t5?      
,psalm1 = example1 c h no ref]5ce to    

,*ri/1 because ! writ] knew no o!r ?an !
 ,jewi% k+ ^: accession & ^: p[] he     
anticipates4 ,! ,psalm reads1 ,jehovah  
said unto my ,"l1 ,sit ?\ on my "r h&1  
until ,i make ?9e enemies ?y foot/ool4  
,! s-call$ hi/orical critics w\ld make  
any int]pretation ( ?is passage z a     
design$ prophecy ( ,*ri/ to be an       
unw>rant$ accommodation ( x to a mean+  
:i* x did n orig9ally be>1 & !          
conclusion is t we are wrong 9 cit+ ^!  
words z an ,old ,te/am5t ass]tion (     
,*ri/'s deity4 ,b1 un=tunately = ?is    
me?od ( int]pretation1 we h1 9 !        
,gospels ( ,mat!w & ( ,m>k1 our ,"l's   
own ref]5ce ( ?is passage1 n simply to  
"s ,jewi% rul] ( old5 "t1 b to ! com+   
,messiah1 & s9ce he 0 himself !         
,messiah1 he ref]s x by implication to  
himself4 ,he does n d5y1 b r grants1 a  
prim>y ref]5ce ( ! psalm to a son (     
,david1 = ,david 0 a k+1 & 8 son w\ld be
 a k+4 ,b he also sees 9 ! psalm a      
prophecy t ?is son ( ,david w\ld be a k+
 :om ,david w\ld call ,"l4 ,8 se>*+     

exam9ation prop\nds to ! unbeliev+ ,jews
 ! "q1 ,:at ?9k ye ( ! ,*ri/8 ^: son is 
he8 ,& !y say1 ,! ,son ( ,david4 ,he    
answ]s !m by ask+1 ,h[ !n do? ,david1 9 
! ,_s1 call him ,"l8 ,9 o!r words1      
inspiration decl>es ,messiah to be a ,k+
 ( k+s1 & a ,"l ( lords4 ,s9ce ! :ole   
discussion is "o ) reg>d to ! nature &  
claims ( ! ,messiah1 & s9ce ! ,messiah  
is n a m]e man l ,david1 b is seat$ on !
 ?rone ) ,jehovah & is ,david's ,"l1    
,*ri/'s answ] is an ass]tion ( 8 own    
deity4 ,8 answ] ant$ates1 ev5 if x did n
 sugge/1 ,paul's lat] description (     
,*ri/1 z decl>$ to be ! ,son ( ,god )   
p[]1 accord+ to ! ,_s ( hol9ess1 by !   
resurrection f ! dead4 ,b ! high]       
critics diff] 9 op9ion f ! ,"l ,jesus4  
,!y extricate !mselves f _! difficulty  
by sugge/+ t ,jesus1 l o!r m51 0 subject
 to ! errors ( 8 "t4 ,& s1 n only       
,*ri/'s k ( ,scripture & 8 au?ority z   
its int]pret] are d5i$1 b also 8 k ( 8  
own nature & place 9 ! univ]se4 ,if 8 k 
( ?+s s ess5tial be d5i$1 :at tru/ c we 

place 9 any o!r ( 8 utt]ances8 ,to ^? :o
 reason 9 ?is way1 ,*ri/ _c possibly be 
div9e--he is only a fallible man1       
self-deceiv$1 & s1 deceiv+ o!rs4 ,!     
fault ( ! critics lies 9 _!             
presupposition4 ,!y h begun wrongly1 by 
leav+ out ! prim>y fact 9 ! subject !y  
inve/igate1 namely1 t ! pre9c>nate ,*ri/
 0 ! au?or & inspir] ( ! ,scripture :i* 
he aft]w>d int]pret$4 ,he us$ human     
ag5ts1 ) _! natural language &          
surr\nd+s1 z 8 in/rum5ts1 b he c\ld1 on 
! way to ,emmaus1 beg9n+ f ,moses & all 
! prophets1 int]pret to ^? humble       
believ]s 9 all ! ,scriptures ! ?+s      
conc]n+ himself4 ,scripture c h1 & x    
does h1 two au?ors1 man & ,god1 ! writ] 
& ,*ri/2 & to ignore ,*ri/ 9 ! evolution
 ( ! ,bible is to miss its *ief mean+1  
to tea* falsehood in/ead ( tru?1 &1     
consci\sly or unconsci\sly1 to d5y      
,*ri/'s deity4  ,_c a docum5t h m ?an "o
 au?or8 ,:at are ! facts 9 o!r realms ( 
art8 ,9 pa9t+1 did n ,l&se] get ,millais
 to pa9t ! human figure into ! picture (

 8 dogs8 ,9 lit]ature1 is !re any m     
ackn[l$g$ fact ?an t                    
,erckmann-,*atrian's battle-/ories 7 !  
"w ( two writ]s1 & n ( "o8 ,! "w ( a    
s+le au?or may h two sep>ate mean+s1 =  
,dante decl>es t 8 ,div9e ,com$y has "o 
mean+ t is p]sonal1 & ano!r mean+ t is  
univ]sal4 ,our extreme critics are z    
poor /ud5ts ( lit]ature z !y are ( life4
 ,_! n>r[ness ( int]pretation is due to 
a n>r[ness ( exp]i5ce4 ,if !y knew ,*ri/
 bett]1 !y w\ld f9d 9 ! ,tw5ty-?ird     
,psalm alone en\gh pro( to upset _!     
!ory4 ,! ,"l is my %eph]d1 ,i %all n    
want1 is an utt]ance inexplicable by    
m]ely human au?or%ip4 ,to suppose t ev5 
a k+ ( ,israel :o _h be5 a %eph]d-boy   
c\ld h writt5 ?is psalm )\t div9e       
inspiration1 9 a day :5 all l&s b little
 ,pale/9e 7 wrapt 9 a pall ( hea!n      
d>kness1 is to suppose t religion c exi/
 & fl\ri% )\t a ,god4  ,! te/imony (    
,jesus1 says ! book ( ,revelation1 is ! 
_s ( prophecy4 ,x 0 ! recognition (     
con/ant ref]5ces to ,*ri/ 9 ! ,old      

,te/am5t1 t enabl$ ! apo/les to conv9ce 
& conv]t ! unbeliev+ ,jews4 ,! abs5ce ( 
?is recognition is ! secret ( all !     
m9imiz+ ( ,*ri/'s attributes :i* is s   
rife 9 our day4 ,d m5 believe 9 ,*ri/'s 
deity :o ignore 8 promise to be ) !m to 
! end ( ! _w1 & :o refuse to address him
 9 pray]8 ,c\ld "o ( ^! mod]n int]pret]s
 h tak5 ! place ( ,philip1 :5 he met !  
,e?iopian eunu*8 ,t dignit>y _h be5     
read+ ! prophecy ( ,isaiah1 ,he 0 l$ z a
 lamb to ! slaught]4 ,( :om speake? !   
prophet ?is8 ( himself1 or ( "s o!r8 ,& 
,philip op5$ 8 m\?1 & prea*$ unto him   
,jesus4 ,our mod]n critics call ?is an  
unw>rant$ int]pretation1 because ,isaiah
 _h no k ( ,*ri/4 ,& yet1 ,john tells u 
t ,isaiah saw 8 glory1 & spake ( him4 ,!
 critics contradict ,john aga91 :5 !y   
say t we mu/ put no mean+ into ,isaiah's
 words b t ( 8 own "t4 ,8 great prophecy
 ( a suff]+ ,messiah1 !y say1 _h ref]5ce
 only to ,jehoia*91 ! captive k+ (      
,judah1 or to ! :ole ,jewi% nation z !  
afflict$ p ( ,god4 ,philip & ! critics  

are evid5tly at v>iance4 ,if we accept  
_! me?od1 we %all lose all ref]5ce 9 !  
,old ,te/am5t to ! atonem5t ( ,*ri/1 &  
all pro( t ! sacrifice on ,calv>y 0 t ( 
! ,lamb sla9 f be=e ! f\ndation ( ! _w4 
,rev]se ! process1 & we c /ill say1     
,! ,holy1 meek1 unspott$ ,lamb1     ,:o 
f ! ,fa!r's bosom came     ,= me & = my 
s9s to atone1     ,him = my ,"l & ,god  
,i own4  ,x is ne$less to multiply      
in/ances ( ?is failure to int]pret !    
,old ,te/am5t aright4 ,let me call      
att5tion to ! effect ( ?is me?od ^u !   
int]pretation ( ! ,new ,te/am5t1 = !    
au?ority ( ! ,new ,te/am5t is also      
und]m9$4 ,! sy/em ( typical             
int]pretation1 :i* sees 9 ,*ri/ !       
reality prefigur$ 9 ,old ,te/am5t %ad[s1
 is discr$it$ z unsci5tific4 ,! :ole    
,epi/le to ! ,hebrews is ?r[n out1 z a  
poetical clo?+ ( ! man ( ,naz>e? ) !    
fad+ glories ( an outworn wor%ip4 ,!    
idea t ! high prie/ ( old :o ent]$ !    
,holy ( ,holies once a ye> n )\t blood1 
& ! :ole ,jewi% sy/em ( :i* ?is =m$ !   

c5tral feature1 7 a div9ely ord]$       
prefiguration ( ,*ri/'s aton+ sacrifice 
= ! s9s ( m5--?is idea is call$ a m]e   
human addition to hi/orical tru?4 ,*ri/ 
is no long] our great ,high ,prie/4 ,8  
prie/hood is m]e metaphor1 )\t div9e    
w>rant or au?ority4 ,he is n our        
,prophet1 nor our ,k+1 = 8 prophecies   
are n fulfill$1 & 8 k+dom is only t ( a 
moral tea*] & example4 ,& all ?is1 9    
spite ( ! fact t ! ,epi/le to ! ,hebrews
 be>s ^u its front ! decl>ation t ,god1 
:o 9 pa/ times spoke to ! fa!rs ?r\gh ! 
prophets1 has 9 ^! la/ days spok5 ?r\gh 
8 ,son1 :om ?is same ,epi/le !n proce$s 
to describe z ! effulg5ce ( ,god's glory
 & ! v image ( 8 sub/ance1 ! ,creator1  
,uphold]1 & ,r$eem] ( ! _w1 ! same      
ye/]day1 to-day1 & =ev]4  ,i d n        
und]value ! hi/orical me?od1 :5 x is    
kept free f ?is agno/ic presupposition t
 only man is ! au?or ( ,scripture4 ,?is 
me?od has giv5 u "s in=mation z to !    
au?or%ip ( ! sacr$ books1 & x has 9 "s  
degree help$ 9 _! int]pretation4 ,i am  

free to ackn[l$ge my own obligation to  
x4 ,i grant ! composite docum5t>y view (
 ! ,p5tateu* & ( its age-long days (    
creation1 :ile ,i /ill hold to its      
sub/antially ,mosaic au?or%ip4 ,i say   
?is1 h[ev]1 ) def]5ce1 = a univ]sity    
presid5t ( note1 :5 ask$ ab\t ! /ories (
 ,ca9 & ,abel1 repli$ t no su* p]sons 9 
all probability ev] liv$1 b t ! acc\nt 0
 /ill valuable1 s9ce x taught ! great   
moral lesson t x is highly improp] = a  
man to murd] 8 bro!r6 ,i grant t !re may
 be m ?an "o ,isaiah1 :ile yet ,i see 9 
! lat] ,isaiah a cont9uance ( ! div9e   
revelation giv5 ?r\gh ! e>li]4 ,any     
hone/ ,*ri/ian1 ,i w\ld say1 has ! "r to
 int]pret ,jonah & ,daniel z allegories1
 r ?an z hi/ories4 ,i c look ^u ! book (
 ,job z a drama1 :ile ,i /ill ass]t t   
,job 0 a hi/orical "*4 ,i c see 9 !     
,song ( ,solomon ! celebration ( a pure 
human love1 :ile at ! same "t ,i claim t
 ! ,song _h div9ely inject$ into x !    
mean+ t union ) ,*ri/ is ! goal & climax
 ( all human passion4 ,9 %ort1 ,i take !

 hi/orical me?od z my s]vant & n my     
ma/]2 z p>tially b n :olly reveal+ !    
tru?2 z %[+ me1 n h[ man made !         
,scripture = himself1 b h[ ,god made !  
,scripture ?r\gh ! imp]fect ag5cy ( man4
 ,s ,i f9d unity 9 ! ,scriptures1       
because !y are ! "w ( ! omnipres5t &    
omnisci5t ,*ri/3 ,i f9d suffici5cy 9 !  
,scriptures1 because !y satisfy e       
religi\s ne$ ( ! individual & ( ! *ur*2 
,i f9d au?ority 9 ! ,scriptures1        
because1 ?\gh com+ ?r\gh man1 !y are1 :5
 tak5 toge!r & rightly int]pret$1 !     
v]itable ^w ( ,god4 ,i d5\nce !         
hi/orical me?od1 only :5 x claims to be 
! solely valid me?od ( rea*+ tru?1 & s1 
leaves out ! prim>y ag5cy & det]m9+     
influ5ce ( ,*ri/4  ,:at sort ( sy/ematic
 !ology is left u1 :5 ! p]v]t$ hi/orical
 me?od is made ! only clue to ! labyr9? 
( ,scripture8 ,!re is b "o answ]3 ,no   
su* ?+ z sy/ematic !ology is possible4  
,sci5ce is k1 & to h a sy/em y mu/ h    
unifi$ k4 ,! hi/orical me?od s call$ c  
see no unity 9 ,scripture1 because x    

does n c>ry ) x ! prim>y k ( ,*ri/4 ,x  
simply applies 9 its inve/igations !    
pr9ciples ( physical sci5ce4 ,physical  
sci5ce beg9s ) ! outw>d & visible1 n ) !
 inw>d & spiritual1 ) matt] & n ) m9d4  
,laplace swept ! heav5s ) 8 telescope1 b
 he said t he n[h]e f\nd a ,god4 ,he    
might j z well h swept 8 kit*5 ) a      
broom1 & !n compla9$ t he c\ld n f9d    
,god !re4 ,god is n />s1 nor du/4 ,god  
is _s1 & he is n to be appreh5d$ by !   
s5ses4 ,laplace %\ld h tak5 man's       
consci5ce & w = 8 />t+-po9t4 ,& j z     
physical sci5ce c f9d no ,god 9 !       
univ]se by ! use ( ! =ceps & !          
microscope1 s ?is hi/orical me?od c f9d 
no ,*ri/ 9 ! ,scriptures1 because x     
looks !re = only human ag5cy4 ,! result 
is t x f9ds only a collection ( seem+ly 
contradictory fragm5ts1 ) no div9e ,_s  
to h>monize !m & b9d !m toge!r4 ,its    
me?od is purely inductive1 :]eas its    
induction %\ld always be guid$ by a k ( 
,*ri/1 ga9$ be=e inve/igation beg9s1 &  
furni%+ ! basis = a d$uctive process z  

well4 ,diff]5tiation & n h>monization is
 its rule1 & ?is makes its criticism    
de/ructive r ?an con/ructive4 ,_m a     
passage is set aside1 because x w n fit 
9 ) a skeptical int]pretation4 ,*ri/'s  
own words ) reg>d to 8 be+ a ransom =   
_m1 & ) reg>d to 8 hav+ all p[] committ$
 to him 9 heav5 & 9 e>?1 are held to be 
lat] words attribut$ to him by 8        
foll[]s4 ,! :ole ,new ,te/am5t /ory     
comes to be reg>d$ z a my?ical gr[?1 l t
 :i* gradually plac$ haloes ab\t ! heads
 ( ! apo/les4 ,! ,gospel ( ,john is n   
accept$ z hi/orical1 b is said to be a  
"w ( ! second c5tury4 ,jesus1 x is said1
 nev] himself claim$ to be ! ,messiah1  
s9ce x is only ,john :o reports 8 say+  
to ! woman ( ,sam>ia1 ,i t speak unto !e
 am he4 ,paul is set aside1 z be+ !     
au?or ( a rabb9ical !ology :i* has no   
claim ^u u2 & t1 9 spite ( ,*ri/'s own  
decl>ation t !re 7 _m ?+s :i* he c\ld n 
tea* :ile he 0 "h 9 ! fle%1 b :i* he    
w\ld tea*1 by 8 ,_s1 aft] 8             
resurrection1 & asc5sion4  ,pr(4        

,kirsopp ,lake1 9 a rec5t address be=e !
 ,h>v>d ,div9ity ,s*ool1 deprecat$ ! use
 ( ! t]m !ology4 ,!ology1 he said1      
presupposes div9e revelation1 :i* we d n
 accept4 ,he propos$ ! t]m philosophy1 z
 expressive ( ! aim ( ! ,unit>ian s*ool4
 ,?is is hone/ & pla94 ,:at %all we say 
( ^? :o speak ( ! new emphasis ne$$ 9   
mod]n !ology1 :5 !y really mean t !     
prea*+ ( ! old doctr9es ( s9 & salvation
 mu/ give place to ano!r gospel (       
coop]ative ,*ri/ian "w8 ,f _! neglect to
 put any fur!r emphasis ^u ! fai? once =
 all deliv]$ to ! sa9ts1 we c only inf] 
t1 = _! /ructure ( doctr9e1 no o!r      
f\ndation ?an philosophy is ne$$1 & t   
!y1 l ! ,unit>ians1 no long] accept !   
fact ( a div9e revelation4 ,o!r         
f\ndation c no man lay ?an t :i* is     
laid1 :i* is ,jesus ,*ri/1 & to lay     
great] emphasis ^u ! fruits (           
,*ri/ianity ?an ^u its roots1 is to     
insult ,*ri/1 & ultimately to make      
,*ri/ianity itself only "o ( _m e>?-born
 religions1 p[]less l !m ei!r to save ! 

individual s\l or to r$eem society4     
,pr(essor ,lake is q "r3 ,if !re is no  
div9e revelation1 !re c be1 n only no   
sy/ematic !ology1 b no !ology at all4   
,:at is ! effect ( ?is me?od ^u our     
!ological sem9>ies8 ,x is to deprive !  
gospel message ( all def9it5ess1 & to   
make pr(essors & /ud5ts dissem9ators (  
d\bts4 ,_m a pr(essor has f\nd tea*+    
pref]able to prea*+1 because he lack$ ! 
initial ,*ri/ian exp]i5ce :i* gives to  
prea*+ its c]ta9ty & p[]4 ,he *ooses !  
l9e ( lea/ resi/ance1 & becomes 9 !     
!ological sem9>y a bl9d lead] ( ! bl9d4 
,hav+ no sy/em ( tru? to tea*1 he       
becomes a m]e lectur] on ! hi/ory (     
doctr9e4 ,hav+ no key 9 ,*ri/ to ! unity
 ( ,scripture1 he becomes a critic ( :at
 he is pleas$ to call its fragm5ts1 t   
is1 ! dissector ( a cadav]4 ,ask him if 
he believes 9 ! preexi/5ce1 deity1 virg9
 bir?1 miracles1 aton+ dea?1 physical   
resurrection1 omnipres5ce1 & omnipot5ce 
( ,*ri/1 & he d5ies y\r "r to require ( 
him any /atem5t ( 8 own beliefs4 ,he    

does n conceive x to be 8 duty to furni%
 8 /ud5ts ) any fix$ conclusions z to   
doctr9e b only to aid !m 9 com+ to      
conclusions = !mselves4 ,! apo/le ,paul 
0 n s retic5t4 ,he 0 n a%am$ ( ! gospel 
( ,*ri/1 b r glori$ 9 x4 ,he ev5        
pron\nc$ 8 ana!ma ^u any :o taught o!r  
doctr9e4 ,x is no wond] t our mod]n     
critics cry1 ,back to ,*ri/1 = ?is      
means1 ,away f ,paul4 ,! result ( su*   
tea*+ 9 our sem9>ies is t ! /ud5t1      
unless he has _h a ,paul9e exp]i5ce be=e
 he came1 has all 8 e>ly conceptions (  
,scripture & ( ,*ri/ian doctr9e weak5$1 
has no long] any positive message to    
deliv]1 loses ! ardor ( 8 love = ,*ri/1 
& at 8 graduation leaves ! sem9>y1 n to 
become prea*] or pa/or z he _h once     
hop$1 b to s[ 8 d\bts broadca/1 z tea*] 
9 "s college1 z editor ( "s religi\s    
j\rnal1 z secret>y ( "s ,"y ,m5's       
,*ri/ian ,association1 or z ag5t ( "s   
mutual life insurance company4 ,?is     
me?od ( int]pretation swit*es (f ^u "s  
side-track ( social s]vice _m a "y man  

:o o!rwise w\ld be a h]oic prea*] ( !   
ev]la/+ gospel4 ,! !ological sem9>ies ( 
almo/ all our d5om9ations are becom+ s  
infect$ ) ?is griev\s error1 t !y are n 
s mu* organs ( ,*ri/1 z !y are organs ( 
,anti*ri/4 ,?is acc\nts = ! rise1 all   
ov] ! l&1 ( ,bible s*ools1 to take !    
place ( ! sem9>ies4 ,! evil is com+ 9 l 
a flood1 & ! ,_s ( ! ,"l w surely raise 
up a /&>d aga9/ x4 ,b oh ! pity6 t money
 giv5 by godly m5 to provide prea*]s ( !
 gospel %\ld be devot$ to und]m9+ !     
,*ri/ian cause6  ,:at is ! effect ( ?is 
me?od ( int]pretation ^u ! *ur*es ( our 
d5om9ation8 ,x is to cut ! tap-root ( _!
 /r5g?1 & to imp]il _! v exi/5ce4       
,bapti/ *ur*es are f\nd$ ^u ,scripture4 
,_! doctr9e ( reg5]ate *ur*-memb]%ip1 & 
( *ur* ord9ances z belong+ only to      
believ]s1 presupposes an au?oritative   
rule ( fai? & practice 9 ! ,new         
,te/am5t4 ,9 controv]sy ) o!r           
d5om9ations we h always appeal$ to ! law
 & to ! te/imony1 & we h decl>$ t1 if   
o!r fai?s speak n accord+ to ?is ^w1    

surely !re is no morn+ = !m4 ,we h held 
t ! au?ority ( ,scripture is n an       
arbitr>y au?ority1 b t ! ord9ances h s  
mu* ( mean+ t to *ange _! =m is to      
de/roy !m altoge!r4 ,we /& = imm]sion z 
! only real baptism1 n because mu* wat] 
is bett] ?an little wat]1 b because     
baptism is ! symbol ( ,*ri/'s dea?1     
burial1 & resurrection1 & ! symbol also 
( our spiritual dea?1 burial1 &         
resurrection ) him4 ,:5 we are buri$ )  
him 9 baptism1 we %[ =? 8 dea?1 j z we  
%[ =? 8 dea? 9 ! ,"l's ,supp]4 ,to *ange
 ! =m ( ! ,"l's ,supp] s z to leave out 
all ref]5ce to ! break+ ( ,*ri/'s body &
 ! %$d+ ( 8 blood1 w\ld be to break d[n 
"o great visible monum5t & te/imony to  
,*ri/'s aton+ dea?1 & to de/roy ! ,"l's 
,supp] itself4 ,& to *ange ! =m (       
baptism s z to leave out its symbolism (
 ,*ri/'s dea?1 burial1 & resurrection1  
is to break d[n ano!r great visible     
monum5t & te/imony to ,*ri/'s ess5tial  
"w1 & to de/roy ! ord9ance ( baptism4   
,only ! surr5d] ( belief 9 ! au?ority ( 

,scripture1 & a consequ5t ignor+ ( !    
mean+ ( baptism c expla9 ! proposal to  
give u our requisition ( imm]sion4 ,!   
weakness ( our d5om9ation 9 su* cities z
 ,new ,york results f ! acceptance ( !  
me?od ( ,scripture int]pretation :i* ,i 
h be5 criticiz+4 ,we are los+ our fai? 9
 ! ,bible1 & our det]m9ation to /& = its
 tea*+s4 ,we are introduc+ into our     
m9i/ry m5 :o ei!r nev] knew ! ,"l1 or :o
 h lo/ _! fai? 9 him & _! love = him4 ,!
 unbelief 9 our sem9>y tea*+ is l a     
bl9d+ mi/ :i* is sl[ly settl+ d[n ^u our
 *ur*es1 & is gradually aboli%+1 n only 
all def9ite views ( ,*ri/ian doctr9e1 b 
also all conviction ( duty to cont5d    
e>ne/ly = ! fai? ( our fa!rs4 ,s we are 
giv+ up our polity1 to please & to jo9  
o!r d5om9ations4 ,if ?is 7 only a lapse 
9 d5om9ationalism1 we might call x a m]e
 *ange 9 our ways ( express+ fai?4 ,b x 
is a f> m radical evil4 ,x is apo/asy f 
,*ri/ & revolt aga9/ 8 gov]nm5t4 ,x is  
refusal to rally to ,*ri/'s colors 9 !  
great conflict ) error & s94 ,we are    

ceas+ to be evangeli/ic z well z        
evangelical1 & if ?is d[nw>d progress   
cont9ues1 we %all 9 due "t cease to     
exi/4 ,?is is ! fate ( ,unit>ianism     
to-day4 ,we ,bapti/s mu/ re=m1 or die4  
,:at is ! effect ( ?is me?od (          
int]pretation ^u missions8 ,i h j come f
 an ext5sive t\r 9 mission fields4 ,i h 
visit$ mission>ies ( sev]al d5om9ations4
 ,i h f\nd ^? missions mo/ successful   
:i* h held to ! old gospel & to ! polity
 ( ! ,new ,te/am5t4 ,b ,i h f\nd a gr[+ 
t5d5cy to dep5d ^u education1 r ?an ^u  
evangelism4 ,:at w\ld ,pet] h said on ! 
day ( ,p5teco/1 if y _h advis$ him n to 
incur ! wra? ( ! ,jews by 8 prea*+1 b to
 e/abli% s*ools1 & to tru/ to ! gradual 
enlight5m5t ( ! ,jewi% nation by means (
 lit]ature8 ,he might h repli$ t our ,"l
 made x 8 fir/ duty to make disciples1 &
 only aft]w>ds to tea* !m to obs]ve all 
?+s :i* he _h comm&$4 ,*ri/ian s*ools & 
,*ri/ian tea*+ are necess>y 9 _! place1 
b !y are second1 n fir/4 ,our lack at   
home ( ! "r int]pretation ( ,scripture1 

& our fad+ k 9 exp]i5ce ( ! pres5ce &   
p[] ( ,*ri/1 h gone f u r\nd ! _w4 ,"s  
bo>ds are s5d+ out z mission>ies "y m5  
:o lack def9ite views ( doctr9e4 ,^! "y 
m51 hav+ no?+ positive to prea*1 *oose r
 to tea* 9 ! ,engli% language1 9 s*ools 
:]e ,engli% is spok51 r ?an prea* 9 !   
native language :i* requires a lifetime 
( /udy4 ,:5 !y tea*1 !y _c help reveal+ 
_! m5tal pov]ty1 & di/urb+ ! simple fai?
 ( _! pupils4 ,hav+ no c]ta9ty !mselves1
 !y c inspire no c]ta9ty 9 o!rs1 = if ! 
trumpet gives no c]ta9 s\nd1 :o w arm   
himself = ! battle8 ,^! unprep>$ &      
ineffici5t tea*]s may become !mselves   
conv]t$ ?r\gh _! v s5se ( weakness 9    
pres5ce ( ! t[]+ sy/ems ( idolatry &    
sup]/ition ar\nd !m4 ,b if !y are n s   
conv]t$1 !y w h&icap ! mission & p>alyze
 its influ5ce4 ,"s ( our be/ mission>ies
 h said to me1 ,! ,"l deliv] u f su*    
help]s6 ,no man has a "r to g1 & no bo>d
 has a "r to s5d1 z a mission>y1 "o :o  
has n _h su* a p]sonal exp]i5ce ( ,*ri/ 
z w enable him to /& aga9/ ?is          

unsci5tific & un*ri/ian me?od (         
,scripture int]pretation4  ,?is s-call$ 
hi/orical me?od has effects on !        
mission>y cause at home1 z well z 9 !   
l&s f> away4 ,h[ %all !y prea*1 except  
!y be s5t8 ,! s5d+ ( mission>ies is     
dep5d5t ^u ! zeal & lib]ality ( ! *ur*es
 9 our l&4 ,b h[ c "o :o is n sure t    
,jesus ev] utt]$ ! words ( ! ,great     
,commission urge ! *ur*es to fulfil t   
comm& ( ,*ri/8 ,h[ c "o :o has nev] felt
 8 own ne$ ( an atonem5t adjure 8       
bre?r51 by ,*ri/'s dea? = _! s9s1 n to  
let ! hea!n p]i%8 ,h[ c "o :o has _h no 
exp]i5ce ( ,*ri/ z a pres5t & div9e     
,savi\r1 h p[] to /& aga9/ ! rationalism
 & apa?y ( ! *ur*8 ,?is me?od (         
,scripture int]pretation makes          
evangelism an ent]prise ( fanatics n    
suffici5tly educat$ to "k t ,buddha &   
,confucius 7 tea*]s ( tru? long be=e !  
"t ( ,*ri/4 ,c we m surely dry up !     
s\rces ( mission>y contributions1 ?an by
 yield+ to ! p]nici\s influ5ce ( ?is way
 ( treat+ ,scripture8 ,we h gone f>     

already 9 ! wrong direction4 ,our *ur*es
 are honeycomb$ ) d\bt & ) indiff]5ce4  
,! prea*+ ( ! old gospel ( s9 &         
salvation seems almo/ a ?+ ( ! pa/4 ,p h
 it*+ e>s t w n endure s\nd doctr9e4 ,! 
dynamic ( missions is love = ,*ri/1 :o  
di$ to save u f ! guilt & p[] ( s94     
,mod]n criticism has to a l>ge ext5t    
nullifi$ ?is dynamic1 & if ! au?ority ( 
,scripture is yet fur!r weak5$1 we may  
look = complete collapse 9 our supplies 
bo? ( m5 & ( money4 ,9 fact1 ! fai? & ! 
gifts ( _m conv]ts f among ! hea!n      
already s f> exce$ ! av]age fai? & gifts
 ( our *ur*es at home1 t ! "t may come  
:5 ,burma & ! ,congo may h to s5d       
mission>ies to u1 z we are n[ s5d+      
mission>ies to ! l& :]e ! sev5 *ur*es ( 
,asia once fl\ri%$4  ,:5ce has come ?is 
s-call$ hi/orical me?od ( int]pret+     
,scripture8 ,i answ]3 ,x 0 made 9       
,g]many4 ,g]man s*ol>%ip = a c5tury pa/ 
has be5 work+ almo/ exclusively on !    
horizontal plane1 & has be5 ignor+ !    
light t comes f above4 ,! !ology (      

,great ,brita9 & ( ,am]ica has be5      
pr(\ndly affect$ by ! application ( its 
evolution>y & skeptical pr9ciples4 ,9   
,g]many itself ! hone/y ( e ,scripture  
writ] has be5 que/ion$1 & e sacr$       
docum5t has be5 torn into bits4 ,:5 !   
all-p]vad+ pres5ce & influ5ce ( ,*ri/ 9 
! ,bible is lo/ sight (1 & its sep>ate  
fragm5ts are exam9$ to discov] _! mean+1
 !re is no guide b ! !ory ( evolution2 &
 evolution1 in/ead ( be+ ! ord9>y me?od 
( a p]sonal ,god1 is itself p]sonifi$ & 
made ! only p[] 9 ! univ]se4 ,!         
regul>ities ( nature1 x is ?\ght1 leave 
no room = miracle4 ,!re is no div9e ,w t
 c "w d[n ^u nature 9 unique acts1 su* z
 inc>nation & resurrection4 ,a pan!i/ic 
,=ce is ! only rul]1 & :atev] is1 is "r4
 ,goe! l$ ! way 9 ?is pagan philosophy1 
& ,g]man univ]sities h be5 full ( x ev] 
s9ce4 ,x is pa9ful to see h[ ,g]man     
!ologians & m9i/]s h be5 won ov] to !   
e?ics ( brute =ce & ! practical1        
deification ( m]e might 9 human affairs4
 ,! ,new ,te/am5t has be5 int]pret$ z   

ju/ify+ implicit ob$i5ce to ! p[]s t be1
 ev5 :5 !y turn ! ,kais] into a milit>y 
despot & 8 p into unresi/+ & delud$     
slaves4 ,an exagg]at$ nationalism has   
tak5 ! place ( human solid>ity1 & a     
selfi% dom9ation ( ! _w has become !    
goal ( national ambition4 ,all !        
atrocities ( ?is w> might h be5 sp>$ u1 
if ! nations ( :i* ,g]many is ! mo/     
conspicu\s (f5d] _h d]iv$ _! e?ics & _! 
practice f ! div9e love :i* rules above1
 r ?an f ! seem+ necessity ( compet+ ) !
 nations ar\nd !m4 ,a new int]pretation 
( ,scripture is ne$$ to set ! _w "r4 ,b 
z ,g]many w nev] be conv9c$ t ! wor%ip (
 ,=ce is va91 until %e sees h]self      
plung$ 9 defeat & ru91 s ! advocates (  
?is s-call$ hi/orical me?od w nev] make 
d$uction a prim>y "p ( _! proc$ure1 & w 
nev] take ! et]nal ,*ri/ z _! key to    
,scripture int]pretation1 until ,*ri/   
himself %all by a second spiritual adv5t
 ent] into _! he>ts & dissipate _!      
d\bts1 z he did :5 he %[$ himself to    
,paul on ! way to ,damascus4  ,i h tri$ 

to po9t out ! inh]5t error ( ! me?od to 
:i* ,i h be5 object+1 & to %[ its ill   
effects ^u sy/ematic !ology1 ^u our     
!ological sem9>ies1 ^u our ,bapti/      
*ur*es1 & ^u our mission>y "w abroad &  
at home4 ,i h intimat$ t ! influ5ce (   
?is p]v]se treatm5t ( ,holy ,writ may be
 se5 ev5 9 ! pres5t int]nec9e conflict 9
 :i* ! pr(ess$ly ,*ri/ian nations are   
engag$4 ,i %all v naturally be ask$ :at 
rem$y ,i propose = s deep-seat$ &       
widespread an evil4 ,i c only answ] t ,i
 see no p]man5t cure b ! second com+ (  
,*ri/4 ,b d n misund]/& me4 ,i am no    
premill5n>ian ( ! ord9>y sort4 ,inde$1  
,i am z mu* a po/-mill5niali/1 z ,i am a
 premill5niali/4 ,i believe t bo?       
int]pretations ( prophecy h _! rights1  
&1 believ+ also z ,i d t ,scripture is a
 unity & t its seem+ contradictions c be
 h>moniz$1 ,i hold t ,*ri/'s spiritual  
com+ prec$es ! mill5nium1 b t 8 visible 
& lit]al com+ foll[s ! mill5nium4 ,i    
!re=e look = su* a spiritual com+ into !
 he>ts ( 8 p1 z %all r5ew _! fai?1      

fulfil _! joy1 & answ] to ! pr$iction ( 
! rapture ( ! sa9ts4 ,9 o!r words1 ,i   
look = a mighty revival ( religion1 :i* 
w set ! *ur*es on _! old f\ndation1 &   
end[ !m ) p[] to subdue ! _w4 ,?is w>   
seems to me ,god's second great         
demon/ration ( man's inability to save  
himself1 & 8 ne$ ( div9e p[] to save    
him4 ,z ! anci5t _w & its hi/ory 7      
,god's demon/ration ( human s91 & (     
man's ne$ ( ,*ri/'s fir/ adv5t1 s ?is w>
 is ,god's pro( t sci5ce & philosophy1  
lit]ature & comm]ce1 are n suffici5t =  
man's ne$s1 & t ,*ri/ mu/ aga9 come1 if 
our mod]n _w is ev] to be sav$4 ,9 !    
fulness ( "t ,*ri/'s fir/ adv5t occurr$4
 ,9 ! fulness ( "t ,*ri/'s second adv5t 
w occur4 ,b n until humanity1 we>y ( its
 load1 cries out = its r$emption4 ,h[   
long1 ,o ,"l1 h[ long8 ,x is n = u to "k
 ! times :i* ! ,fa!r has set )9 8 own   
au?ority4 ,b x is ours to believe 9     
,*ri/'s promise1 & to pray = its spe$y  
fulfilm5t4 ,& s1 ,i beg y to jo9 ) me 9 
! "o pray] ) :i* our book ( ,scripture  

closes1 namely1 ,"l ,jesus1 come        
quickly6     ,,xvii  ,,! ,,!ology ,,(   
,,missions   ,! _s ( man is ! c&le ( !  
,"l4 ,yes1 a c&le1 b a c&le n yet       
light$1 a c&le :i* w nev] be light nor  
give light1 till x is t\*$ by a div9e   
flame4 ,s said ,doctor ,p>khur/4 ,0 8   
int]pretation ( ,scripture correct8 ,he 
drew f ! prov]b ! conclusion t man has a
 religi\s nature1 n 9 ! s5se t he is    
actually religi\s1 b only 9 ! s5se t he 
has a capacity = religion4 ,doctor      
,p>khur/ w\ld say t man is actually     
religi\s only :5 he kn[s ! true ,god &  
wor%ips him 9 _s & 9 tru?4 ,to t ,god he
 is by nature & by s9ful habit bl9d4 ,he
 c be light & give light1 only aft] ,god
 has enlight5$ him by special           
revelation4 ,8 nature is a c&le         
unlight$1 until ,god t\*es x ) 8 div9e  
flame4  ,:at is ! tru? 9 ?is matt]8 ,!  
mon?s ,i h sp5t 9 ^! hea!n l&s h made   
deep impression ^u me1 & ! problem (    
hea!nism has loom$ up be=e me z nev]    
be=e4 ,:5 "o sees ?\s&s pro/rat+        

!mselves 9 a ,mohamm$an mosque & *ant+ 9
 unison _! ascription ( greatness to    
,god1 or :5 "o sees a ,h9du devotee s   
absorb$ 9 8 pray] to a s5seless idol t  
he is unconsci\s ( ! kicks & %\ts ( !   
pass]s-by1 "o comes to realize t man mu/
 h a god4 ,! religi\s in/9ct is a "p ( 8
 nature4 ,x is m ?an a m]e capacity =   
religion4 ,x is active z well z passive4
 ,9 "s sort ! c&le is already burn+4 ,x 
burns at c]ta9 times & places ) a fi]ce 
& demonic gl[4 ,:5 ,i saw 9 ,calcutta1 s
 rec5tly ! capital ( ,india1 a prie/ess 
( ! temple ( ,kali1 cutt+ into bits !   
fle% & entrails ( %eep 9 ord] t ! poore/
 wor%ip] might h = 8 f>?+ "s bloody     
fragm5t to (f] at ! %r9e ( t hide\s &   
lu/ful & cruel goddess1 ,i felt sure t1 
?\gh ! c&le is burn+1 x is n always     
because x has be5 t\*$ by a div9e flame4
 ,!re are o!r p[]s ?an ,god's at "w 9   
?is univ]se4 ,doctor ,p>khur/'s         
explanation ( ! ,scripture text is n    
suffici5t4 ,he ackn[l$ges only a "p ( ! 
tru?4 ,! c&le is giv+ already a dim &   

lurid light4 ,man is bl9dly wor%ip+1    
grop+ 9 ! d>k1 b[+ to imag9>y deities1 !
 products ( 8 own imag9ation1 ! "w ( 8  
own h&s4  ,we mu/ g ev5 f>!r ?an ?is1 & 
conc$e t "h & !re among ^! cr[ds (      
wor%ip]s !re may be "o :o is a s9c]e    
seek] aft] ,god &1 accord+ to ! light t 
he has1 is try+ hone/ly to s]ve him4 ,i 
d n mean a selfi% s]vice ( ignorant &   
e>?ly passion1 b a s]vice prompt$ by "s 
elem5t>y k ( ! true ,god1 ga9$ by       
contemplation ( 8 works 9 nature or f ! 
ne$s ( 8 own s\l reveal$ 9 consci5ce4   
,surely !re 0 tru? & s9c]ity 9 ! wor%ip 
( ,socrates1 ( ,epictetus1 ( ,m>cus     
,aurelius4 ,! patri>*s _h k ( ,god &    
walk$ ) ,god1 long be=e ,*ri/ came4 ,&  
,scripture itself decl>es t 9 e nation  
he t fe>s ,god & works righte\sness is  
accept$ by him4 ,david ,bra9]d f\nd     
among ! ,am]ican ,indians a man :o =    
ye>s _h sep>at$ himself f ! wick$ness ( 
8 p1 & _h devot$ himself to do+ !m good4
 ,n[ & !n our mission>ies f9d a hea!n ^:
 /riv+s aft] ,god h be5 prompt$ by a    

s5se ( s91 & ^: wor%ip mu/ h be5 accept$
 by ! ,god ( love4 ,?\gh !re is none o!r
 "n giv5 among m5 :]eby we may be sav$1 
we _c d\bt t e man :o feels himself to  
be a s9n]1 & ca/s himself ^u ,god's m]cy
 = salvation1 does really ?\gh          
unconsci\sly ca/ himself ^u ,*ri/1 !    
,lamb ( ,god :o takes away ! s9 ( ! _w1 
& s jo9s himself to ,*ri/ by ! tea*+ &  
p[] ( ,*ri/'s ,_s1 z to be sav$ 9 "s    
measure f ! dom9ion ( s9 "h & f ! p5alty
 ( s9 h]eaft]4  ,i am a believ] 9 !     
unity1 ! suffici5cy1 & ! au?ority (     
,scripture--9 its unity1 :5 ! p>ts are  
put toge!r 9 _! hi/orical connections & 
) ! key to _! mean+ furni%$ u 9 ,*ri/2 9
 its suffici5cy1 z a rule ( religi\s    
fai? & practice2 & 9 its au?ority1 :5   
rightly int]pret$ ) ! aid ( ! ,holy ,_s4
 ,s ,i am prep>$ to f9d 9 ! fir/ *apt] (
 ,paul's ,epi/le to ! ,romans ! true    
philosophy ( hea!nism1 & !              
reconciliation ( ! o!rwise seem+ly      
conflict+ utt]ances ( ,scripture ) reg>d
 to ! religi\s nature ( man4 ,i le>n t  

,god made man upright1 & end[$ him ) at 
lea/ a *ildlike k ( himself4 ,b e>ly    
humanity s\ght out _m inv5tions1 did n  
wi% to reta9 ,god 9 its k1 & sub/itut$ =
 ! true ,god creatures ( its own        
imag9ation4 ,9 o!r words1 ! scriptural  
explanation ( hea!nism is f\nd 9 an     
orig9al ance/ral s91 9 :i* ! human race 
dep>t$ f ! true ,god & gave itself up to
 ! wor%ip1 fir/1 ( imp]sonal            
nature-p[]s1 & !n1 ( ! poly!i/ic        
p]sonifications ( ^! p[]s :i* naturally 
foll[$4  ,mod]n hea!nism is ! result (  
an abnormal & d[nw>d evolution4 ,_m     
/ud5ts ( comp>ative religion h =gott5 t 
evolution is (t5] to l[] =ms ?an to     
high]4 ,_m a species 9 ! hi/ory ( life  
has fir/ become deg5]ate1 & !n has      
become ext9ct4 ,! %ores ( "t are /rewn )
 wrecks1 & "o ( ^! wrecks is human      
nature4 ,paul gives u only ! logical &  
moral int]pretation ( a biological fact1
 :5 he decl>es t 9 consequ5ce ( man's   
dep>ture f ,god1 ,god gave man ov] to ! 
dom9ion ( 8 own passions1 9 ord] t !    

%ame & guilt ( 8 vile affections might  
awak5 8 consci5ce & lead him to cry =   
m]cy & r$emption4 ,mod]n hea!nism1 /ill 
surviv+ 9 ?is age ( enlight5m5t1 %[s h[ 
s9 c bl9d ! intellect & h>d5 ! he>t4 ,:5
 m5 wor%ip demons ( cruelty & lu/ in/ead
 ( ,god1 !y reveal ! depravity z well z 
! ignorance ( human nature 9 its d[nw>d 
evolution4 ,! c&le has be5 light$ inde$1
 b x has be5 t\*$ ) ! flames ( hell4    
,:5 ,god made man 9 8 own image1 x 0    
only :eat t he s[$ 9 8 field4 ,! evil   
decision ( man has furni%$ ! t>es1 & _! 
hi/ory has be5 a hi/ory ( d[nw>d        
evolution4 ,b side by side ) ?is d[nw>d 
evolution !re has be5 an upw>d evolution
 ( div9e grace4 ,! t>es h be5 suff]$ to 
gr[1 b only t !re might be demon/rat$ ! 
p[] ( ! :eat to root !m out4 ,& f ! v   
beg9n+ ,*ri/ has be5 ! au?or & pr9ciple 
( ! true evolution4 ,he :o creat$ ! race
 has be5 its ,pres]v]1 ,in/ructor1 &    
,savi\r4 ,humanity1 9 its w>r+ & its    
lu/1 w\ld long s9ce h become ext9ct1 if 
x _h n be5 = ! pres5ce 9 x ( a div9e    

,life & ,light4 ,t life & light 7 ! life
 & light ( ! pre9c>nate ,*ri/4 ,he is ! 
light t lighte? e man1 & 8 life 0 !     
light ( m54 ,jona?an ,edw>ds did n g too
 f>1 :5 he recogniz$ 9 all natural      
beauty & goodness ! "w ( ,*ri/4 ,!      
sunset cl\ds 7 pa9t$ by ! h& ( ,*ri/1 & 
x is he ^: glory is celebrat$ by !      
cannonad+ ( ! autumn /orm ov] ! grave ( 
summ]4 ,all ! light ( consci5ce is 8    
light2 all ! progress ( sci5ce is 8     
revelation4 ,x 0 he :o l$ ! *ildr5 (    
,israel by a pill> ( cl\d by day & (    
fire by night1 & :o ?und]$ & light5$ f  
,s9ai at ! giv+ ( ! ,law4 ,! ,rock t    
foll[$ ! *os5 p ?r\gh ! wild]ness & gave
 !m dr9k 0 ,*ri/4 ,e re=m )9 ! b\nds (  
hea!nism has be5 due to him4 ,confucius 
& ,buddha1 s f> z !y utt]$ tru?1 7 8    
mess5g]s4 ,he has nev] left humanity )\t
 a witness to ! p[] & goodness ( ,god4  
,:ile m5 h be5 seek+ an unkn[n ,god1 he 
has be5 t v ,god :om !y 7 seek+1 & x is 
he :o has incit$ !m to feel aft] him &  
f9d him4 ,8 light has %9$ 9 ! d>kness1 &

 ! d>kness has compreh5d$ x n1 ?\gh 9   
him we live & move & h our be+4  ,s !re 
is evolution ( good1 side by side ) !   
evolution ( evil4 ,we may recognize tru?
 9 hea!n sy/ems1 :ile we deplore _!     
errors1 = ,*ri/ himself is ! ,tru?4 ,x  
is ! s+le gra9 ( tru? 9 ^! sy/ems t has 
giv5 !m all _! p[]4 ,!y nev] c\ld h     
ma9ta9$ _! hold ^u ! _w1 if !y _h n     
appeal$ to "s good in/9cts ( ! human    
he>t4 ,a co9 made :olly ( lead w nev]   
pass = a doll>4 ,x mu/ h a little wa%+ (
 silv] to give x any sort ( curr5cy4 ,b 
x is a c\nt]feit1 = all its silv] wa%+4 
,s ^! hea!n sy/ems h _! gra9 ( tru?1 b  
!y are false & s\l-de/roy+ all ! same4  
,let u recognize c&idly ! gra9s ( tru?  
:i* !y conta91 = ^! are witnesses to !  
indwell+ ,*ri/ :o has n left humanity   
:olly to itself4 ,& let u make ^! gra9s 
( tru? our gateways ( access to ! hea!n 
he>t1 :ile we %[ ! hea!n ! l>g] & full] 
tru? z x is 9 ,jesus4  ,*ri/ alone c    
solve ! problems ( ! _w & reconcile !   
w>r+ elem5ts ( humanity4 ,he is our     

peace1 :o ha? made ,jew & ,g5tile "o1   
hav+ brok5 d[n ! middle wall ( p>tition1
 & hav+ made ( ! twa9 "o new man1       
reconcil+ bo? to ,god ?r\gh ! blood ( 8 
,cross4 ,he c make all sects1 all       
p>ties1 all ca/es1 all nations "o2      
because 9 him are all ! elem5ts ( tru?  
:i* ea* possesses1 )\t any mixture ( _! 
errors4 ,9 him !re w be no long]        
b>b>ian1 ,scy?ian1 bond nor free1 male  
nor female1 = he w b9d all toge!r by    
virtue ( _! union ) himself4 ,! ,h9du1 =
 example1 has ! tru? ( ,god's imman5ce1 
b he turns x into falsehood by d5y+ !   
correlative & equally important tru? (  
,god's transc5d5ce1 mak+ ,god to be a   
m]e nature-=ce )\t p]sonality1 :ile     
,scripture recognizes 9 ,god bo?        
imman5ce & transc5d5ce1 sees ,god 9 all 
?+s & ?r\gh all ?+s1 yet above all ?+s4 
,! ,h9du has also ! tru? ( ,god's       
inc>nation1 b he turns x into error1 by 
d5y+ ! p]man5ce ( t inc>nation1 ! div9e 
inc>nation 9 ,kri%na or ,buddha be+ only
 a tempor>y assumption ( humanity :i* he

 leaves beh9d him :5 he reasc5ds to 8   
heav51 :ile ,*ri/ takes our human nature
 into p]petual union ) himself & makes x
 sit d[n ) him ^u 8 ?rone4 ,! ,moslem1  
on ! o!r h&1 believes 9 ,god's unity &  
transc5d5ce1 b d5ies 8 imman5ce4 ,8 ,god
 is f> away1 n only physically b also   
morally1 = he is )\t ju/ice or love4 ,! 
,moslem holds /\tly to ! tru? ( ,god's  
p]sonality2 b he d5ies ! manife/ation ( 
t p]sonality 9 ,*ri/1 & also ,*ri/'s    
p]sonal pres5ce ) all believ]s4 ,only   
,*ri/ c break d[n ! middle wall (       
p>tition betwe5 ,h9du & ,moslem1 = he   
alone has ! all-inclusive tru? t w unite
 !m bo?4 ,& s ( all divisions ( ca/e1 ( 
color1 ( p>ty1 ( d5om9ation1 & (        
nationality1 = he alone is ! ,way1 !    
,tru?1 & ! ,life1 supremely & absolutely
 fitt$ to be ! ,br+] ( ,peace to ! _w4  
,!re is yet ano!r reason :y ,*ri/ alone 
c save4 ,let u rememb] always t error is
 ! result ( s91 & t be=e ! p[] ( s9 c be
 brok51 ! p5alty ( s9 mu/ be remov$4 ,9 
! he>t ( man is an inext+ui%able s5se ( 

guilt1 & an equally inext+ui%able ?ir/ =
 rep>ation4 ,x is ! =ebod+s ( consci5ce 
t make dea? t]rible4 ,bl9d ! eyes & h>d5
 ! he>t1 if y w4 ,! accusations (       
consci5ce w be l writ+s 9 invisible ink1
 t come out cle> & ?reat5+ 9 times (    
introspection & ( sob] judgm5t4 ,z      
,%akespe>e says1      ,_! great guilt   
,l poison giv5 to "w a great "t aft]1   
,n[ 'g9s to bite ! spirits4  ,! greate/ 
*asm is betwe5 _! s\ls & ,god1 & !y mu/ 
h peace ) ,god1 be=e !y c h peace ) m54 
,*ri/ is our peace1 !re=e1 fir/ ( all1  
because he makes atonem5t = our s9s1    
pays our debts to ju/ice1 & sets our    
consci5ce free f guilt4 ,*ri/ is ! ,lamb
 ( ,god :o takes away ! s9 ( ! :ole _w1 
mak+ peace by ! blood ( 8 ,cross4 ,hav+ 
made our peace ) ,god1 he makes peace 9 
our w>r+ p[]s ( consci5ce & w1 & !n br+s
 ab\t peace 9 our relations ) o!rs4 ,z  
he made man at ! fir/ ( "o blood1 s he w
 at la/ br+ all ! nations back into "o  
bro!rhood ( hol9ess & love4  ,!re is a  
moral !ology1 z well z a doctr9al       

!ology4 ,! moral foll[s ! doctr9al1 &   
%[s 9 practice t ! doctr9e is tru? & n  
error4 ,paul includes ?is moral tea*+ 9 
8 ,epi/le to ! ,romans4 ,at ! beg9n+ ( 8
 twelf? *apt] he passes f 8 discussion (
 ju/ification by fai? to speak ( ! prop]
 effects ( fai? 9 ! ,*ri/ian life3 ,i   
besee* y !re=e1 bre?r51 by ! m]cies (   
,god1 t ye pres5t y\r bodies a liv+     
sacrifice4 ,!n comes ! noble/ summ>y (  
duty to be f\nd 9 all lit]ature4 ,all   
mann] ( social s]vice is enjo9$1 :ile ! 
presupposition ( t s]vice is ev] held to
 be ! sacrifice ( ,*ri/ on our behalf & 
! reg5]at+ grace ( ,god 9 ! ,*ri/ian    
he>t4 ,h[ mu* ! hea!n _w ne$s ?is "p ( !
 gospel1 only "s k ( ! %ameful vices ( !
 ,ori5t c reveal to u4 ,! fir/ *apt] ( t
 same ,epi/le is a correct picture ( !  
hea!n _w ( to-day4 ,a pure life1 :i* is 
also a life liv$ = o!rs1 is some?+ :i*  
surpasses ! p[] ( ,confucius or ,buddha 
to produce or to ma9ta94 ,su* lives 9 ! 
*ur*es ( mission l&s are ! weightie/    
argum5ts = ,*ri/ianity4 ,b conv]sion to 

,*ri/ goes1 9 its influ5ce1 f>!r ?an !  
individual4 ,x has a f>-rea*+ social    
influ5ce4 ,x lifts up ! :ole family1 !  
:ole class1 ! :ole ca/e1 mak+ its memb]s
 intellig5t1 effici5t1 tru/wor?y1 z _m  
,briti% (ficials 9 ,india gladly be>    
witness4 ,*ri/ianity seems likely to    
give ! ,sudras prec$5ce ( ! ,brahmans 9 
civil & political affairs1 s t 9 "o case
 at lea/ ! meek %all inh]it ! e>?4  ,!  
k+dom ( ,god1 h[ev]1 c nev] w9 its      
triumphs solely by ext]nal re=ms4 ,9    
ord] to obta9 ! fruits ( education1     
morality1 & self-gov]nm5t1 y mu/ fir/ h 
,*ri/ian fai? root$ 9 ! soil4           
,applications ( ,*ri/ianity are         
necess>y1 & !y are to be e>ne/ly s\ght1 
b x w be va9 to seek !m1 if we h no     
,*ri/ianity to apply4 ,! t5d5cy 9 our   
missions to put ! ma9 /ress ^u physical 
& social ag5cies1 to ! detrim5t ( simple
 gospel prea*+1 is sure to be disappo9t+
 9 its results4 ,x is l try+ to light a 
coal-fire by putt+ y\r k9dl+s on top4 ,x
 is l beg9n+ at ! ro(1 & build+ d[n to !

 f\ndation2 or l fir/ purify+ ! /ream1 &
 aft]w>ds ! f\nta94 ,society is made up 
( individuals1 & reg5]ation ( !         
individual mu/ prec$e all social        
r5ovation4 ,! old gospel1 ) reg>d to s9 
& salvation1 is ! only gospel t w save !
 hea!n _w2 & ! liv+1 p]sonal ,*ri/1 ) 8 
aton+ blood & 8 r5ew+ ,_s1 is ! only p[]
 t c br+ ab\t p]man5t re=mation ( social
 evils & ! e/abli%m5t ( ! k+dom ( ,god 9
 ! individual1 9 ! nation1 & 9 ! _w4  ,t
 ?is is ! true !ology ( missions1 !     
hi/ory ( missions is ! be/ ( all pro(s4 
,we ne$ n only to t\* ! intellect1 b    
also to t\* ! he>t4 ,we ne$ to furni% a 
motive t w w9 to action ! sluggi% &     
selfi% devotees ( sy/ems c5tury-old t h 
enslav$ !m4 ,"o message1 & "o only1 has 
accompli%$ ?is result1 & t is ! message 
( ! ,cross4 ,n ! pres5tation ( ,god's   
greatness & p[]1 b ! /ory ( ! p]sonal   
,jesus & 8 giv+ up ( 8 life = s9n]s1 has
 mov$ m5 to give !mselves to him4 ,!    
love ( ,*ri/ has call$ =? answ]+ love4  
,gre5l&]s & ,bu%m51 ,tibetans &         

,telugus1 ,au/ralians & ,*9ese1 h gone  
to _! dea?s = ,*ri/1 simply because !y  
_h le>n$ t ,*ri/ di$ = !m4 ,( ?is sort h
 be5 ! fir/-fruits ( all our missions4  
,*ri/ crucifi$ has be5 ! p[] ( ,god unto
 salvation4 ,:5 he :o 0 ri* became poor 
t we might become ri*1 he in/itut$ n    
only an example1 b a motive1 suffici5t  
to subdue m5's he>ts & to conqu] ! _w4  
,to w9 = ! ,lamb t 0 sla9 ! rew>d ( 8   
suff]+s has turn$ illit]ate m5 9 ,india 
into indomitable propag&i/s (           
,*ri/ianity2 b x has also made          
mission>ies 9 ,ox=d & ,ed9burgh1 9      
,leice/] & ,&ov]--mission>ies l ,reg9ald
 ,heb] & ,john ,g4 ,paton1 l ,william   
,c>ey & ,adoniram ,judson4 ,! (f5se ( ! 
,cross is great1 b ! p[] ( ! ,cross is  
great] /ill1 & ! !ology ( missions mu/  
nev] p]mit m]e philosophy1 or education1
 or physical bett]m5t1 or social s]vice1
 to take ! place ( ,*ri/ crucifi$ 9 its 
prea*+4  ,i grieve ov] ! m9imiz+ (      
,*ri/'s nature & claims t is curr5t 9   
our day1 because ,i believe t x cuts !  

s9ew ( our ,*ri/ian fai? & de/roys !    
*ief dynamic 9 our missions4 ,i deplore 
! d5ial ( our ,"l's deity & atonem5t1 ! 
refusal to address him 9 pray]1 ! ignor+
 ( 8 promise to be ) 8 p ev5 to ! end ( 
! _w4 ,to meet our ne$s 9 ! conflict )  
t[]+ sy/ems ( idolatry & sup]/ition1 we 
ne$ a sup]natural ,*ri/2 n simply ! man 
( ,naz>e?1 b ! ,"l ( glory2 n ! ,*ri/ ( 
! ,synoptics alone1 b also ! ,*ri/ (    
,john's ,gospel2 n a m]ely human example
 & lead]1 b "o :o 0 decl>$ to be ! ,son 
( ,god ) p[] by ! resurrection f ! dead2
 n simply ,jesus accord+ to ! fle%1 b ! 
,^w :o 0 ) ,god & :o 0 ,god 9 et]nity   
pa/2 n simply ,god manife/ 9 human life 
n9ete5 c5turies ago1 b ! ,god :o is !   
same ye/]day1 & to-day1 & =ev]2 n simply
 ! humbl$1 b also ! glorifi$ ,savi\r1 :o
 sits n[ ^u ! ?rone ( ! univ]se1 all p[]
 9 heav5 & e>? be+ giv5 into 8 h&4 ,:5  
we believe 9 an asc5d$ ,"l at ,god's "r 
h&1 ! ,god ( ,creation1 ( ,provid5ce1 & 
( ,r$emption1 we h a fai? t c conqu] !  
_w4 ,)\t su* a fai? 9 ! omnipres5t1     

omnisci5t1 & omnipot5t ,*ri/1 we are    
weak z wat] 9 ! conflict ) hea!nism4 ,we
 may set up ,*ri/ on a p$e/al1 9 a      
pan!on l t ( ,mrs4 ,besant1 ) a /atue ( 
,kri%na by 8 side1 & ! ,h9du w laugh at 
! claims ( ! gospel4 ,only fai? 9 ,*ri/ 
z v ,god c meet ! dem&s ( ! h\r4 ,! _s (
 man is ! c&le ( ! ,"l4 ,9 e age ,*ri/  
has lit t c&le1 s t x has giv5 "s light4
 ,b all :o h come be=e him1 pret5d+ to  
be ! ,light ( ! _w1 h be5 ?ieves &      
robb]s1 /eal+ f ,*ri/ 8 glory & f man 8 
bless+4 ,*ri/ alone c s enlight5 u t we 
c be light & c give light4 ,let u arise 
& %9e1 because our ,light has come1 & ! 
glory ( ! ,"l has aris5 ^u u6           
,,xviii  ,,missions ,,& ,,mission>ies   
,no result ( my travel has be5 m        
valuable to me ?an ! new impression ,i h
 receiv$ ( ! effect ( missions ^u       
mission>ies4 ,i came abroad ) a l+]+    
idea ( my y\? t mission>ies 7 a class by
 !mselves1 a solemn set1 de/itute (     
humor1 & s absorb$ 9 _! "w z to be      
n>r[-m9d$4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,i h f\nd !m  

joyful & ev5 hil>i\s1 broad 9 _! views &
 sympa?ies1 lov]s ( ! good 9 lit]ature &
 art4 ,! m5tal & spiritual gr[? ( /ud5ts
 :o left me ye>s ago = a =eign field has
 greatly surpris$ me4 ,!n !y 7 boys2 n[ 
!y are m54 ,! dem&s ( ! mission>y "w h  
drawn out _! lat5t p[]s2 !y h f\nd _!   
new environm5t imm5sely /imulat+2       
contact ) new l&s & p has wid5$ _!      
outlook2 !y h become ?9k]s & lead]s (   
m54  ,x takes an all-r\nd man to be a   
good mission>y4 ,! le>n+ ( a =eign      
language 9 :i* "o has to con/ruct 8 own 
gramm> & lexicon requires p]si/5t ef=t (
 ! mo/ discipl9$ m9d4 ,! mission>y is   
(t5 call$ ^u to build 8 own h\se or     
*ur*4 ,he mu/ be bo? ar*itect &         
sup]visor1 = 8 masons "k no ,engli%1 &  
are b5t on slight+ _! "w4 ,he has       
s]vants :o /eal & coolies :o lie4 ,he   
e/abli%es1 manages1 & gov]ns a native   
s*ool1 & g5]ally has to evolve 8 own    
p$agogy4 ,he comes into relation )      
,engli% (ficials1 ,am]ican consuls1 &   
native function>ies1 & is oblig$ to "k  

some?+ ( social cu/oms4 ,9 f9e1 he is a 
jack ( all trades1 besides be+ a prea*] 
( ! gospel :o mu/ adapt 8 message to !  
und]/&+ ( ! illit]ate multitude & ( !   
cultivat$ man ( ca/e z well4  ,all ?is  
gives ! mission>y a tra9+ beyond t ( any
 univ]sity c\rse4 ,h]b]t ,sp5c] ass]t$ t
 a nation makes progress 9 civilization 
9 proportion to ! v>iety ( its          
environm5t4 ,! pr9ciple applies also to 
! developm5t ( ! individual4 ,our       
mission>ies ?\ght p]haps t !y 7 leav+   
culture beh9d !m1 :5 !y left ,am]ica =  
b>b>\s l&s4 ,b los+ _! lives = ,*ri/'s  
sake !y f\nd to be m5tal ga94 ,ev5 on ! 
,congo our m5 h le>n$ m1 & h develop$   
/rong] *>act]s1 ?an w\ld h be5 possible 
if !y _h accept$ ord9>y pa/orates at    
home4 ,& !y h n lo/1 b h won1 t f9e     
flavor ( sanity & judgm5t1 :i* belongs  
to m5 :o h _h l>ge exp]i5ce ( life4  ,s 
f>1 ,i h ref]r$ only to ! intellectual  
side ( "o's education4 ,! spiritual     
equipm5t is ev5 m important4 ,9 hea!ndom
 "o comes 9 contact ) t[]+ sy/ems (     

idolatry & sup]/ition1 v5]able ) age &  
root$ deeply 9 ! nature & habit ( ! p4  
,! ,*ri/ian tea*] realizes t1 9 8       
conflict ) ^! sy/ems1 he is p[]less1    
unless back$ by ,omnipot5ce4 ,he is ?r[n
 ^u ! div9e res\rces1 & le>ns1 p]haps = 
! fir/ "t1 t1 :ile ap>t f ,*ri/ he c d  
no?+1 ) ,*ri/ he c d all ?+s4 ,a new    
exp]i5ce ( ! pres5ce & p[] ( ! ,savi\r  
comes to him4 ,! /ruggle t at fir/ tax$ 
all 8 en]gy is at la/ a glad walk ov] ! 
c\rse 9 ! /r5g? ( ,*ri/4 ,anxiety & fe> 
h taught him lessons :i* he c\ld n      
o!rwise h le>n$4 ,he has become a       
hopeful & joyful ,*ri/ian4  ,all ?is    
t5ds to r5d] ! mission>y doctr9ally     
s\nd4 ,evangelization makes m5          
evangelical4 ,:5 y tell ! gospel to a   
hea!n s9n]1 y mu/ put x 9 ! simple/     
t]ms1 or he w fail to und]/& x4 ,y\r    
ef=t to rea* 8 m9d & he>t cl>ifies y\r  
own4 ,to "o condemn$ & lo/1 no m]e human
 example 9 ,jesus w suffice2 y ne$ an   
aton+ ,savi\r4 ,to "o /ruggl+ ) demonic 
p[]s & helpless 9 _! grasp1 no m]e man (

 ,naz>e?1 no ,jesus1 accord+ to ! fle%1 
w answ]2 y ne$ ! ,"l ( ,glory1 :o 0     
decl>$ to be ! ,son ( ,god ) p[] by !   
resurrection f ! dead4 ,! doctr9e ( !   
,holy ,_s :o reg5]ates1 sanctifies1     
com=ts1 & saves1 becomes an indisp5sable
 elem5t 9 prea*+1 & s becomes +ra9$ into
 ! prea*]'s confession ( fai?4 ,a       
p]sonal & pres5t ,*ri/1 ,immanuel1 ,god 
) u1 is ! s\rce ( ! mission>y's p[]2 he 
has practical pro( t ! ,holy ,_s is     
,*ri/ 9 spiritual =m1 ) 8 p alway1 ev5  
to ! end ( ! _w4 ,! reality ( ,god 9    
,*ri/1 manife/ 9 nature1 rul+ ! _w 9    
provid5ce1 prep>+ ! nations = judgm5t1  
sure to br+ ! _w to 8 feet1 becomes an  
article ( ! mission>y's fai?1 & a       
con/ant subject ( 8 tea*+4 ,! m9imiz+ ( 
,*ri/'s nature & claims has no prop]    
place on mission>y gr\nd4 ,! mission>y  
inde$ is ex]t+ an influ5ce on ! fai? ( !
 homel& equal to t :i* he ex]ts ^u !    
hea!n abroad4  ,x is inde$ true t "h &  
!re a man :o has come out z a mission>y 
has be5 attract$ & p]v]t$ by ! v sy/ems 

he propos$ to subdue1 & has turn$ out a 
tea*] ( ,buddhism in/ead ( ,*ri/ianity4 
,b su* m5 _h nev] ! root ( ! matt] 9 !m1
 _h nev] felt ! gall+ yoke ( s91 _h nev]
 kn[n ! joy ( ,*ri/'s salvation4 ,!y _h 
gott5 _! prep>ation = evangeli/ic "w f  
,am]ican tea*]s ( comp>ative religion1  
:o put ,buddha on ! same plane ) ,*ri/4 
,! result has only %[n ! impot5ce ( a   
man-made gospel to combat hea!nism1 or  
ev5 to save ! s\ls ( ^? :o prea* t sort 
( gospel4 ,9 a s5se precisely opposite  
to t ( ! apo/le ,paul1 !y h come to be  
oppos]s ( ! fai? !y once propos$ to     
advocate1 & de/roy]s in/ead ( build]s ( 
,*ri/ian civilization4 ,all ?is is a    
lesson to our mission>y societies &     
*ur*es at home4 ,! colleges & sem9>ies  
:i* p]mit indef9ite & unevangelical     
doctr9e to be taught1 & :i* reta9 ^? :o 
tea* x ^u ! gr\nd t lib]ality 9 !ology  
is a duty1 m]it ! c5sure ( ,god & man2 =
 ! s*ool or ! *ur* t ceases to be       
evangelical w soon cease to be          
evangeli/ic1 & :5 x ceases to be        

evangeli/ic x w soon cease to exi/4 ,9  
?is way missions are ! te/+-places (    
,*ri/ian doctr9e4  ,9 a simil> way ,new 
,te/am5t polity is %[+ its p[] 9 our    
=eign "w4 ,at home we are gett+ to be   
lax 9 our reception ( memb]s1 & are tak+
 9 numb]s ( p]sons )\t prop] evid5ce (  
_! conv]sion4 ,bapti/ *ur*es :i* us$ to 
exam9e c>efully _! c&idates = admission 
n[ receive !m )\t public & oral         
confession ( _! fai?4 ,yet ^! new memb]s
 may vote1 & may det]m9e ! attitude ( ! 
*ur* 9 important exig5cies4 ,all ?is is 
avoid$ 9 our mission *ur*es4 ,!y p]ceive
 ! necessity ( keep+ out ! unfit1 z     
cle>ly z t ( admitt+ ! fit4 ,!y d n add 
to _! memb]%ip by infant baptism1 & !y  
make sure t no pecuni>y consid]ations   
influ5ce pr(ess+ conv]ts4 ,our ,bapti/  
mission *ur*es are fa/ becom+ models (  
self-support+1 self-gov]n+1 &           
self-propagat+ bodies4 ,mission>ies f9d 
t _! only safety lies 9 hew+ close to ! 
l9e ( ,new ,te/am5t requirem5t4 ,_!     
success 9 build+ up ,bapti/ *ur*es 9    

,burma & among ! ,telugus1 keeps our    
mission>ies fai?ful to ! ,new ,te/am5t  
model ( *ur* polity4 ,!y h ! joy ( see+ 
*ur*es organiz$ on scriptural pr9ciples1
 & %$d+ _! light ^u ! regions ( d>kness 
ar\nd !m4  ,i wi% to say some?+ also    
ab\t ! physical environm5t ( our        
mission>ies & its influ5ce ^u !m4 ,i    
rememb] t half a c5tury ago ,i call$ ^u 
,doctor ,?ompson ( ,beirut1 ! vet]an    
mission>y ( ! ,am]ican ,bo>d 9 ,syria4  
,i w\ld n h be5 surpris$ if ,i _h f\nd  
him liv+ 9 a hut1 = my ideas ( mission>y
 h>d%ip 7 v crude4 ,b ,i 0 surpris$ to  
f9d him liv+ 9 a great /one mansion1 )  
twice z _m s]vants z we ord9>ily h at   
home4 ,x has tak5 me "s "t to le>n t 9 a
 hot c\ntry a cool & spaci\s h\se is a  
prim>y necessity ( life1 if ! mission>y 
expects to endure a climate :]e !       
!rmomet] at times goes up beyond a      
hundr$ degrees & /ays !re4 ,& ord9>y    
com=t _c be obta9$ )\t s]vants to d y\r 
cook+ & runn+4 ,! l>ge h\se c be built =
 half ! co/ ( su* a /ructure at home1 & 

! s]vants c be obta9$ = only a few c5ts 
a day = ea* "o4 ,rememb] t 9 _m cases ! 
mission>y has n only to be 8 own        
physician & surgeon1 b also ! physician 
& surgeon ( o!rs2 t 8 h\se is (t5 a     
hospital z well z a ga!r+-place (       
inquir]s4 ,rememb]1 too1 t ! mission>y's
 wife has n only to p]=m ! h\sehold     
duties ( a wife at home1 b 9 addition   
has probably to be ! sup]visor ( a      
girls' s*ool & ! only s*ool-tea*] &     
music-tea*] t h] *ildr5 w "k until !y   
are old en\gh to g to ! homel&4 ,rememb]
 ^! consid]ations1 & y w see t a dec5t  
home is ess5tial to a mission>y's       
success 9 a hea!n l&4 ,our mission>y "w1
 l our diplomatic s]vice1 has be5 too   
long discr$it$ by our insuffici5t c>e = 
our repres5tatives abroad4  ,our fri5ds 
( o!r d5om9ations are greatly ahead ( u 
9 ?is matt] ( provision = _!            
mission>ies4 ,n only are ! bungal[s     
built = _! resid5ces bett] ?an ours1 b  
_! plants ( *ur* & s*ool build+s %[ a   
l>g] outlook = ! future ?an ours %[4 ,! 

,engli% ,bapti/s1 ! ,congregationali/s1 
! ,me?odi/s1 ! ,*ur* ( ,engl&1 yes1 ev5 
! ,!osophi/s & ,buddhi/s1 furni%        
object-lessons to u 9 ?is reg>d4 ,& yet1
 su* has be5 ! inv5tiv5ess &            
l>ge-m9d$ness ( our mission>ies         
!mselves1 t 9 all ! great c5t]s ( our   
"w1 !y are h\s$ bett] ?an ! av]age      
pa/ors ( our *ur*es at home4 ,i wi% we  
c\ld d\ble _! /r5g? by ! e/abli%m5t (   
summ] re/-h\ses 9 ! hills1 & by pres5t+ 
e "o ( !m ) a motor-c>4 ,b ev5 n[1 !    
days ( extreme h>d%ip are pa/1 & no man 
( ord9>y vigor ne$ fe> com+ to ! =eign  
field on acc\nt ( its physical          
discom=ts4  ,:5 our ,"l s5t out 8 fir/  
mission>ies1 he s5t !m two by two4 ,!   
real trial ( ! mission>y is m m5tal ?an 
physical4 ,he greatly ne$s companion%ip4
 ,sil5ce 9 ! mid/ ( ! beat+ ( hea!n     
tom-toms becomes en]vat+ & appall+2 x   
may make a man insane4 ,we are le>n+ !  
value ( team-"w 9 missions4 ,:at "o man 
alone c\ld nev] accompli%1 he c d ) !   
help ( o!rs4 ,! ,am]ican ,bo>d 9 its    

mission at ,madura1 ,india1 has act$ ^u 
?is pr9ciple1 & ! result is se5 9 an    
aggregate ( tw5ty-two ?\s& *ur*-memb]s4 
,our own mo/ successful "w has be5 among
 ! ,burmans & ,k>5s1 :]e we h sev5ty    
?\s& memb]s1 & among ! ,telugus1 :]e we 
h z _m m4 ,9 ^! fields !re are en\gh    
work]s to con/itute a homog5e\s society1
 ) frequ5t conf]5ces to help ! disc\rag$
 & to /imulate ! weak4 ,let u be g5]\s 9
 provid+ additional help]s & furl\ghs to
 m5 s f> remov$ f our ,*ri/ian          
civilization4  ,b let no "o g to ! =eign
 field expect+ to get all 8 /r5g? f 8   
bre?r54 ,mission>y "w is no s9ecure4 ,x 
requires n only a s\nd body & a s\nd    
m9d1 ) a *e]ful & hopeful temp]am5t1 b  
also a will+ness to endure h>d%ip =     
,jesus' sake1 &1 if ne$ be1 ) him alone 
= help]4 ,!re are m alleviations (      
mission>y conditions ?an 7 kn[n 9 its   
e>ly days1 b !y /ill require            
self-sacrifice4 ,sep>ation f home &     
fri5ds1 &1 = ! pione]1 days (           
unspeakable lonel9ess1 are ! mission>y's

 portion4 ,! necessity ( s5d+ *ildr5 to 
,am]ica1 s t !y may escape disease &    
immorality among ! hea!n1 is an agony   
:i* only ! affectionate p>5t c "k4      
,opportunities = usefulness :i* _c be   
seiz$1 because ( lack ( re5=cem5t f !   
homel&1 involve a hope def]r$ t make? ! 
he>t sick4  ,:5 ,paul w5t to ,a!ns he   
probably hop$ to w9 ! philosoph]s to    
,*ri/'s /&>d4 ,b ! ,/oics & ,epicureans 
sc(f$ at him4 ,he _h to cont5t himself )
 ! multitude ( common] conv]ts at       
,cor9?4 ,x 0 d\btless ,god's sov]eignty 
t det]m9$ ! result1 b ,god's sov]eignty 
is also wisdom4 ,x took ,paul a long "t 
to le>n t ,god builds 8 fires f !       
bottom1 & ord9>ily k9dles ! small /icks 
fir/4 ,n _m wise1 n _m noble ha? ,god   
*os51 b ! weak ?+s fir/1 t no fle% may  
glory 9 8 pres5ce4 ,"h is "o ( ! trials 
( mission>y life1 & "o ( ! te/s (       
mission>y fai?4 ,c ! mission>y welcome !
 conv]sion ( a multitude ( l[-class p1 l
 ! ,madigas1 :5 _! acceptance becomes to
 ! pr\d ,brahman an evid5ce ( ! ignoble 

"* ( ,*ri/ianity8 ,yes1 he c1 if he has 
fai? 9 ,god4 ,he c wait on ,god1 & wait 
= results4      ,he build$ bett] ?an he 
knew1     ,! consci\s /one to beauty    
grew4  ,! great ,sudra class1 a class   
high] ?an ! ,madigas1 "u ! influ5ce (   
,*ri/ianity1 is becom+ m intellig5t & m 
influ5tial ?an ! ,brahman1 & is         
gradually tak+ f him 8 social pre/ige & 
8 political p[]4 ,_m mission>ies are    
expect+ a great turn+ unto ! ,"l f among
 ! ,sudras4 ,meantime !re is a promise  
to him t ov]come?4 ,if we suff] ) him1  
we %all also reign ) him4 ,our light    
affliction1 :i* is b = a mom5t1 worke? =
 u a f> m exce$+ & et]nal weight (      
glory4 ,&      ,:5 we rea* ! %ore at    
la/4     ,:o %all c\nt ! bill[s pa/8    
99       99       99       99       99  
,transcrib]'s ,notes3   ,inconsi/5cies 9
 ! hyph5ation ( words pres]v$4          
7sightsee+1 sight-see+7  ,pg4 #ci1      
unusual ^w subtilty4 ,presum$ to be     
subtlety4 7& ! subtlety ( ! ,h9dus7     
,pg4 #agg1 triple quote m>k aft] biblia1

 *ang$ to d\ble quote m>k4 7! plural    
biblia17  ,9 ! orig9al text1 e *apt] _h 
a title page 7conta9+ *apt] numb] &     
head+7 ) a blank page on ! rev]se4 ,!   
page ) ! ma9 text !n foll[$ ) a repeat$ 
*apt] head+ at ! top4 ,occasionally1 !re
 0 also a blank page be=e ! title page4 
,= tid9ess1 ! title page ( ea* *apt] has
 be5 transcrib$ b ! repeat$ *apt] head+s
 h be5 remov$4