,! ,fai? ( ,our ,fa!rs ,be+ a ,pla9 ,exposition & ,v9dication ( ! ,*ur* ,f\nd$ by ,our ,"l ,jesus ,*ri/ ,by ,james ,c>d9al ,gibbons ,ar*bi%op ( ,baltimore ,n9ety-?ird ,c>efully ,revis$ & ,enl>g$ ,edition ,john ,murphy ,company ,publi%]s ,baltimore1 ,,md4 ,new ,york ,r4 ,t4 ,wa%b\rne1 ,ltd4 #aj ,pat]no/] ,r[1 ,london1 & at ,man*e/]4 ,birm+ham & ,glasg[ #aiag ,,cont5ts ,preface ,to ,! ,elev5? ,edition4 ,preface ,to ,! ,=ty-,sev5? ,edition4 ,preface4 ,preface ,to ,eighty-,?ird ,revis$ ,edition4 ,introduction4 ,*apt] ,i4 ,! ,bless$ ,tr9ity1 ,! ,inc>nation1 ,etc4 ,*apt] ,,ii4 ,! ,unity ,( ,! ,*ur*4 ,*apt] ,,iii4 ,! ,hol9ess ,( ,! ,*ur*4 ,*apt] ,,iv4 ,ca?olicity4 ,*apt] ,v4 ,apo/olicity4 ,*apt] ,,vi4 ,p]petuity ,( ,! ,*ur*4 ,*apt] ,,vii4 ,infallible ,au?ority ,( ,! ,*ur*4 ,*apt] ,,viii4 ,! ,*ur* ,& ,! ,bible4 ,*apt] ,,ix4 ,! ,primacy ,( ,pet]4 ,*apt] ,x4 ,! ,supremacy ,( ,! ,popes4 ,*apt] ,,xi4 ,infallibility ,( ,! ,popes4 ,*apt] ,,xii4 ,temporal ,p[] ,( ,! ,popes4 ,i4 ,h[ ,! ,popes ,acquir$ ,temporal ,p[]4 ,,ii4 ,! ,validity ,& ,ju/ice ,( ,_! ,title4 ,,iii4 ,:at ,! ,popes ,h ,done ,= ,rome4 ,*apt] ,,xiii4 ,! ,invocation ,( ,sa9ts4 ,*apt] ,,xiv4 ,! ,bless$ ,virg9 ,m>y4 ,i4 ,is ,x ,lawful ,to ,honor ,h]8 ,,ii4 ,is ,x ,lawful ,to ,invoke ,h]8 ,,iii4 ,is ,x ,lawful ,to ,imitate ,h] ,z ,a ,model8 ,*apt] ,,xv4 ,sacr$ ,images4 ,*apt] ,,xvi4 ,purgatory ,& ,pray]s ,= ,! ,dead4 ,*apt] ,,xvii4 ,civil ,& ,religi\s ,lib]ty4 ,*apt] ,,xviii4 ,*>ges ( ,religi\s ,p]secution4 ,i4 ,! ,spani% ,inquisition4 ,,ii4 ,:at ,ab\t ,! ,massacre ,( ,/4 ,b>?olomew8 ,,iii4 ,m>y1 ,que5 ( ,engl&4 ,*apt] ,,xix4 ,grace--,! ,sacram5ts--,orig9al ,s9--,baptism--,its ,necessity--,its ,effects--,mann] ,( ,baptiz+4 ,*apt] ,,xx4 ,! ,sacram5t ,( ,confirmation4 ,*apt] ,,xxi4 ,! ,holy ,eu*>i/4 ,*apt] ,,xxii4 ,communion ,"u ,"o ,k9d4 ,*apt] ,,xxiii4 ,! ,sacrifice ,( ,! ,mass4 ,*apt] ,,xxiv4 ,! ,use ,( ,religi\s ,c]emonies ,dictat$ ,by ,"r ,reason4 ,*apt] ,,xxv4 ,c]emonials ,( ,! ,mass4 ,*apt] ,,xxvi4 ,! ,sacram5t ,( ,p5ance4 ,i4 ,! ,div9e ,in/itution ,( ,! ,sacram5t ,( ,p5ance4 ,,ii4 ,on ,! ,relative ,morality ,( ,ca?olic ,& ,prote/ant ,c\ntries4 ,*apt] ,,xxvii4 ,indulg5ces4 ,*apt] ,,xxviii4 ,extreme ,unction4 ,*apt] ,,xxix4 ,! ,prie/hood4 ,*apt] ,,xxx4 ,celibacy ,( ,! ,cl]gy4 ,*apt] ,,xxxi4 ,matrimony4 ,index4 ,footnotes ,,d$ication4 ,affectionately ,d$icat$ ,to ,! ,cl]gy & ,laity ,( ,! ,ar*diocese ,& ,prov9ce ,( ,baltimore4 ,,preface ,,to ,,! ,,elev5? ,,edition4 ,! fir/ edition ( 8,! ,fai? ( ,our ,fa!rs0 0 issu$ 9 ,decemb]1 #ahgf4 ,f t "t to ! pres5t fifty ?\s& copies ( ! "w h be5 dispos$ ( 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 ,canada1 ,great ,brita9 & ,irel&1 & 9 ! ,briti% ,colonies ( ,oceanica4 ,?is gratify+ result has surpass$ ! au?or's mo/ sangu9e expectations1 & is a consol+ evid5ce t ! inve/igation ( religi\s tru?s is n :olly neglect$ ev5 9 ?is iron age1 s engross$ by mat]ial consid]ations4 ,besides c>efully revis+ ! book1 ! au?or has pr(it$ by ! k9d sugge/ion ( "s fri5ds1 & ins]t$ a *apt] on ! pr]ogatives & sanctity ( ! ,bless$ ,virg91 :i*1 x is hop$1 w be n less acceptable to 8 read]s ?an ! o!r portions ( ! "w4 ,he is also happy to ann\nce t ,g]man editions h be5 publi%$ bo? 9 ?is c\ntry & 9 ,g]many4 ,he takes ?is occasion to return 8 he>ty ?anks to ! editors ( ! ,ca?olic p]iodicals1 z well z ( ! secul> press1 = _! favorable notices1 :i* h no d\bt contribut$ mu* to ! l>ge circulation ( ! book4 ,,baltimore1 ,fea/ ( ,/4 ,?omas ,aqu9as1 #ahgi4 ,,preface ,,to ,,! ,,=ty-,,sev5? ,,edition4 ,x is v gratify+ to ! au?or to note ! l>ge increase 9 ! sale ( 8,! ,fai? ( ,our ,fa!rs40 ,ap>t f p]sonal consid]ations1 x is pleas+ to "k t ! popul> int]e/ 9 ! ,ca?olic ,*ur* & :atev] p]ta9s to h] doctr9es & discipl9e1 is gr[+ m widespread & e>ne/4 ,s9ce #ahgi1 :5 ! elev5? revis$ edition 0 giv5 to ! public1 !re h be5 ?irty-five editions1 & ! numb] ( copies sold rea*es ne>ly a qu>t] ( a million4 ,?is desire to und]/& ! tea*+s ( ! ,*ur* ( our ,fa!rs is n conf9$ to our own c\ntry4 ,x is manife/ 9 o!r l&s1 z %[n by ! translations t h be5 made ( ?is exposition ( ,ca?olic belief into ,fr5*1 ,g]man1 ,spani%1 ,italian1 ,norwegian & ,sw$i%4 ,9 ! hope t !y w add to ! usefulness ( ! book1 sev]al passages ^u doctr9al subjects h be5 ins]t$4 ,) ^! few rem>ks1 ! =ty-sev5? edition ( 8,! ,fai? ( ,our ,fa!rs0 is pres5t$ to ! s9c]e & e>ne/ seek] aft] religi\s tru? by ,,! ,,au?or ,fea/ ( ,/4 ,anselm1 #ahie4 ,,preface4 ,! object ( ?is little volume is to pres5t 9 a pla9 & practical =m an exposition & v9dication ( ! pr9cipal t5ets ( ! ,ca?olic ,*ur*4 ,x 0 ?\ght suffici5t to devote b a brief space to su* ,ca?olic doctr9es & practices z are happily admitt$ by ,prote/ants1 :ile ^? t are controv]t$ by !m are m elaborately elucidat$4 ,! "w 0 compil$ by ! au?or dur+ ! unc]ta9 h\rs :i* he c\ld sp>e f ! m active duties ( ! m9i/ry4 ,x sub/antially embodies ! in/ructions & disc\rses deliv]$ by him be=e mix$ congregations 9 ,virg9ia & ,nor? ,c>ol9a4 ,he has (t5 felt t ! salut>y influ5ce ( su* in/ructions1 especially on ! occasion ( a mission 9 ! rural di/ricts1 w\ld be mu* augm5t$ if !y 7 supplem5t$ by books or tracts circulat$ among ! p1 & :i* c\ld be read & pond]$ at leisure4 ,z 8 *ief aim has be5 to br+ home ! tru?s ( ! ,ca?olic fai? to our sep>at$ bre?r51 :o g5]ally accept ! ,scripture z ! only s\rce ( au?ority 9 religi\s matt]s1 he has endeavor$ to =tify 8 /atem5ts by abundant ref]5ce to ! sacr$ text4 ,he has ?\ght prop]1 h[ev]1 to add frequ5t quotations f ! e>ly ,fa!rs1 ^: te/imony1 at lea/ z witnesses ( ! fai? ( _! times1 mu/ be accept$ ev5 by ^? :o call 9 "q _! p]sonal au?ority4 ,?\gh ! writ] has s\ght to be exact 9 all 8 ass]tions1 an occasional inaccuracy may h inadv]t5tly crept 94 ,any em5dations :i* ! v5]at$ ,prelates or ,cl]gy may deign to propose w be gratefully att5d$ to 9 a subsequ5t edition4 ,,ri*mond1 ,novemb] #ba/1 #ahgf4 ,,preface ,,to ,,eighty-,,?ird ,,revis$ ,,edition4 ,! new edition ( 8,! ,fai? ( ,our ,fa!rs0 has be5 c>efully revis$1 & enri*$ ) sev]al pages ( important matt]4 ,x is gratify+ to note t s9ce ! fir/ edition appe>$1 9 #ahgf1 up to ! pres5t "t1 f\rte5 hundr$ ?\s& copies h be5 publi%$1 & ! circulation ( ! book is con/antly increas+4 ,! "w has also be5 translat$ into ne>ly all ! languages ( ,europe4 ,,baltimore1 ,may #a/1 #aiag4 ,,introduction4 ,,my ,,de> ,,read]3--,p]haps ?is is ! fir/ "t 9 y\r life t y h h&l$ a book 9 :i* ! doctr9es ( ! ,ca?olic ,*ur* are exp\nd$ by "o ( h] own sons4 ,y h1 no d\bt1 he>d & read _m ?+s reg>d+ our ,*ur*2 b has n y\r in=mation come f tea*]s ju/ly liable to suspicion8 ,y ask$ = bread1 & !y gave y a /one4 ,y ask$ = fi%1 & !y rea*$ y a s]p5t4 ,in/ead ( ! bread ( tru?1 !y ext5d$ to y ! s]p5t ( falsehood4 ,h5ce1 )\t int5d+ to be unju/1 is n y\r m9d bias$ aga9/ u because y li/5$ to false witnesses8 ,?is1 at lea/1 is ! case ) ?\s&s ( my c\ntrym5 :om ,i h met 9 ! brief c\rse ( my mission>y c>e]4 ,! ,ca?olic ,*ur* is p]si/5tly misrepres5t$ by ! mo/ p[]ful vehicles ( in=mation4 ,%e is assail$ 9 romances ( ! /amp ( ,m>ia ,monk1 & 9 pictorial pap]s4 ,x is true t ! falsehood ( ^? illu/rat$ p]iodicals has be5 fully expos$4 ,b ! antidote (t5 comes too late to c\nt]act ! poison4 ,i h se5 a picture repres5t+ ,columbus try+ to demon/rate ! practicability ( 8 design to discov] a new ,cont95t be=e c]ta9 monks :o are %ak+ _! fi/s & gna%+ _! tee? at him4 ,x matt]s n to ! arti/ t ,columbus c\ld probably nev] h und]tak5 8 voyage & discov]y1 z ! explor] himself av[s1 7 x n = ! b5evol5t zeal ( ! monks1 ,antonio de ,m>*5a & ,juan ,p]ez1 & o!r ecclesia/ics1 z well z = ! munific5ce ( ,que5 ,isabella & ! ,spani% ,c\rt4 ,! ,*ur* is misrepres5t$ 9 s-call$ ,hi/ories l ,foxe's ,book ( ,m>tyrs4 ,x is true t he has be5 successfully refut$ by ,l+>d & ,gairdn]4 ,b1 h[ _m h read ! fictiti\s n>ratives ( ,foxe1 :o h nev] p]us$ a page ( ,l+>d or ,gairdn]8 ,9 a l>ge portion ( ! press1 & 9 pamphlets1 & especially 9 ! pulpit1 :i* %\ld be consecrat$ to tru? & *>ity1 %e is ! victim ( ! f\le/ sl&]s4 ,^u h] fair & heav5ly br[ h] enemies put a hide\s mask1 & 9 t guise !y exhibit h] to ! insults & mock]y ( ! public2 j z ,jesus1 h] ,sp\se1 0 treat$ :51 clo!d ) a sc>let cloak & cr[n$ ) ?orns1 ,he 0 mock$ by a ?\ghtless rabble4 ,!y are afraid to tell ! tru? ( h]1 = 8,tru? has su* a face & su* a mi51 ,z to be lov$ ne$s only to be se5407#a7 ,x is n uncommon = a dialogue l ! foll[+ to take place betwe5 a ,prote/ant ,m9i/] & a conv]t to ! ,ca?olic ,*ur*3 ,,m9i/]4--,y _c d5y t ! ,roman ,ca?olic ,*ur* tea*es gross errors--! wor%ip ( images1 = in/ance4 ,,conv]t4--,i admit no su* *>ge1 = ,i h be5 taught no su* doctr9es4 ,,m9i/]4--,b ! ,prie/ :o in/ruct$ y did n tea* y all4 ,he held back "s po9ts :i* he knew w\ld be objectionable to y4 ,,conv]t4--,he )held no?+2 = ,i am 9 possession ( books treat+ fully ( all ,ca?olic doctr9es4 ,,m9i/]4--,delud$ s\l6 ,don't y "k t 9 ,europe !y are taught diff]5tly8 ,,conv]t4--,t _c be1 = ! ,*ur* tea*es ! same cre$ all ov] ! _w1 & mo/ ( ! doctr9al books :i* ,i read1 7 orig9ally publi%$ 9 ,europe4 ,yet m9i/]s :o make ^! sl&]\s /atem5ts are surpris$ if we feel indignant1 & accuse u ( be+ too s5sitive4 ,we h be5 vilifi$ s long1 t !y ?9k we h no "r to compla94 ,we _c exagg]ate ! (f5se ( ^? :o ?us wilfully malign ! ,*ur*4 ,!re is a comm&m5t :i* says3 8,?\ %alt n be> false witness aga9/ ?y neighbor40 ,if x is a s9 to be> false te/imony aga9/ "o individual1 h[ c we *>act]ize ! crime ( ^? :o calumniate ?ree hundr$ millions ( human be+s1 by attribut+ to !m doctr9es & practices :i* !y repudiate & abhor4 ,i d n wond] t ! ,*ur* is hat$ by ^? :o le>n :at %e is f h] enemies4 ,x is natural = an hone/ man to loa! an in/itution ^: hi/ory he believes to be m>k$ by blood%$1 crime & fraud4 ,_h ,i be5 educat$ z !y 71 & surr\nd$ by an atmosph]e ho/ile to ! ,*ur*1 p]haps ,i %\ld be un=tunate en\gh to be brea?+ v5geance aga9/ h] today1 in/ead ( consecrat+ my life to h] def5ce4 ,x is n ( _! ho/ility t ,i compla91 b because ! judgm5t !y h =m$ ( h] is bas$ ^u ! reckless ass]tions ( h] enemies1 & n ^u ^? ( imp>tial witnesses4 ,suppose t ,i want$ to obta9 a correct e/imate ( ! ,s\!rn p1 w\ld x be fair 9 me to select1 z my only s\rces ( in=mation1 c]ta9 ,nor!rn & ,ea/]n p]iodicals :i*1 dur+ our ,civil ,w>1 7 bitt]ly oppos$ to ! race & in/itutions ( ! ,s\?8 ,^? pap]s h repres5t$ y z m5 :o always appeal to ! sword & pi/ol1 in/ead ( ! law1 to v9dicate y\r private grievances4 ,!y heap$ accusations aga9/ y :i* ,i w n "h repeat4 ,in/ead ( tak+ ^! publications z ! basis ( my in=mation1 x 0 my duty to come among y2 to live ) y2 to read y\r life by /udy+ y\r public & private "*4 ,?is ,i h done1 & ,i "h *e]fully be> witness to y\r _m excell5t traits ( m9d & he>t4 ,n[ ,i ask y to give to ! ,ca?olic ,*ur* ! same measure ( fairness :i* y reasonably dem& ( me :5 judg+ ( ,s\!rn "*4 ,ask n h] enemies :at %e is1 = !y are bl9d$ by passion2 ask n h] ungrateful1 r5egade *ildr51 = y nev] he>d a son speak+ well ( ! "m :om he _h ab&on$ & despis$4 ,/udy h] hi/ory 9 ! pages ( tru?4 ,exam9e h] cre$4 ,read h] au?oriz$ cate*isms & doctr9al books4 ,y w f9d !m ev]y:]e on ! %elves ( booksell]s1 9 ! libr>ies ( h] cl]gy1 on ! tables ( ,ca?olic families4 ,!re is no ,freemasonry 9 ! ,ca?olic ,*ur*2 %e has no secrets to keep back4 ,%e has n "o set ( doctr9es = ,bi%ops & ,prie/s1 & ano!r = ! laity4 ,%e has n "o cre$ = ! initiat$ & ano!r = outsid]s4 ,ev]y?+ 9 ! ,ca?olic ,*ur* is op5 & above bo>d4 ,%e has ! same doctr9es = all--= ! ,pope & ! peasant4 ,%\ld n ,i be bett] qualifi$ to pres5t to y ! ,*ur*'s cre$ ?an ! unfri5dly witnesses :om ,i h m5tion$8 ,i h imbib$ h] doctr9e ) my "m's milk4 ,i h made h] hi/ory & !ology ! /udy ( my life4 ,:at motive c ,i h 9 mislead+ y8 ,n temporal rew>d1 s9ce ,i seek n y\r money1 b y\r s\l1 = :i* ,jesus ,*ri/ di$4 ,i c\ld n hope = an et]nal rew>d by deceiv+ y1 = ,i w\ld !reby pur*ase = myself et]nal condemnation by ga9+ proselytes at ! exp5se ( tru?4 ,?is1 fri5dly read]1 is my only motive4 ,i feel 9 ! dep? ( my he>t t1 9 possess+ ,ca?olic fai?1 ,i hold a treasure comp>$ ) :i* all ?+s e>?ly are b dross4 ,in/ead ( wi%+ to bury ?is treasure 9 my brea/1 ,i long to %>e x ) y1 especially z ,i lose no "p ( my spiritual ri*es by communicat+ !m to o!rs4 ,x is to me a duty & a labor ( love to speak ! tru? conc]n+ my v5]able ,"m1 s mu* malign$ 9 our days4 ,7 a ti! ( ! accusations :i* are br\ght aga9/ h] true1 ,i w\ld n be atta*$ to h] m9i/ry1 nor ev5 to h] communion1 = a s+le day4 ,i "k ^! *>ges to be false4 ,! long] ,i "k h]1 ! m ,i admire & v5]ate h]4 ,e day %e develops be=e me new spiritual *>ms4 ,ah6 my de> fri5d1 if y saw h] z h] *ildr5 see h]1 %e w\ld no long] appe> to y z typifi$ by ! woman ( ,babylon4 ,%e w\ld be reveal$ to y1 8,bright z ! sun1 fair z ! moon20 ) ! beauty ( ,heav5 /amp$ ^u h] br[1 glori\s 8z an army 9 battle array40 ,y w\ld love h]1 y w\ld cl+ to h] & embrace h]4 ,) h] *ildr51 y w\ld rise up 9 rev]5ce 8& call h] bless$40 ,consid] :at y lose & :at y ga9 9 embrac+ ! ,ca?olic religion4 ,y\r loss is no?+ 9 comp>ison ) y\r ga94 ,y d n surr5d] y\r manhood or y\r dignity or indep5d5ce or reason+ p[]s4 ,y give up none ( ^? reveal$ tru?s :i* y may possess already4 ,! only re/ra9t impos$ ^u y is ! re/ra9t ( ! ,gospel1 & to ?is y w n reasonably object4 ,y ga9 ev]y?+ t is wor? hav+4 ,y acquire a full & connect$ k ( ,god's revelation4 ,y get possession ( ! :ole tru? z x is 9 ,jesus4 ,y no long] see x 9 fragm5ts1 b reflect$ be=e y 9 all its beauty1 z 9 a poli%$ mirror4 ,:ile o!rs are outside criticis+ ! ar*itecture ( ! temple1 y are inside wor%ip+ ! div9e ,ar*itect & say+ dev\tly ) ! ,psalmi/3 8,i h lov$ ,o ,"l1 ! beauty ( ,?y h\se & ! place :]e ,?y glory dwelle?40 ,:ile o!rs f )\t f9d 9 ! /a9$-glass w9d[s only blurr$ & confus$ figures )\t symmetry or attraction or mean+1 y f )91 are gaz+ ) sil5t rapture on ,god's glorifi$ sa9ts1 ) _! outl9es cle>ly def9$ on ! w9d[s1 & all illum9at$ ) ! sunlight ( heav54 ,y\r k ( ! tru? is n only complete & h>moni\s1 b x becomes fix$ & /eady4 ,y ex*ange op9ion = c]ta9ty4 ,y are no long] 8toss$ ab\t by e w9d ( doctr9e10 b y are firmly gr\nd$ on ! rock ( tru?4 ,!n y enjoy t pr(\nd peace :i* spr+s f ! consci\s possession ( ! tru?4 ,9 com+ to ! ,*ur*1 y are n ent]+ a /range place1 b y are return+ to y\r ,fa!r's home4 ,! h\se & furniture may look odd to y1 b x is j ! same z y\r =efa!rs left x ?ree hundr$ ye>s ago4 ,9 com+ back to ! ,*ur*1 y wor%ip :]e y\r fa!rs wor%ip$ be=e y1 y kneel be=e ! alt> at :i* !y knelt1 y receive ! ,sacram5ts :i* !y receiv$1 & respect ! au?ority ( ! cl]gy :om !y v5]at$4 ,y come back l ! ,prodigal ,son to ! home ( y\r fa!r & "m4 ,! g>m5t ( joy is plac$ ^u y1 ! banquet ( love is set be=e y1 & y receive ! kiss ( peace z a pl$ge ( y\r filiation & adoption4 ,"o he>ty embrace ( y\r t5d] ,"m w comp5sate y = all ! sacrifices y may h made1 & y w exclaim ) ! p5it5t ,augu/9e3 8,too late h ,i kn[n !e1 ,o ,beauty1 ev] anci5t & ev] new1 too late h ,i lov$ !e40 ,%\ld ! p]usal ( ?is book br+ "o s\l to ! k ( ! ,*ur*1 my labor w be amply rew>d$4 ,rememb] t no?+ is s ess5tial z ! salvation ( y\r immortal s\l1 8= :at do? x pr(it a man1 if he ga9 ! :ole _w1 & lose 8 own s\l8 ,or :at %all a man give 9 ex*ange = 8 s\l807#b7 ,let n1 !re=e1 ! fe> ( (f5d+ fri5ds & relatives1 ! p]secution ( m51 ! loss ( e>?ly possessions1 nor any o!r temporal calamity1 det] y f inve/igat+ & embrac+ ! true religion4 8,= our pres5t tribulation1 :i* is mom5t>y & light1 worke? = u above measure exce$+ly an et]nal weight ( glory407#c7 ,may ,god give y light to see ! tru?1 &1 hav+ se5 x1 may ,he give y c\rage & /r5g? to foll[ x6 ,*apt] ,i4 ,,! ,,bless$ ,,tr9ity1 ,,! ,,inc>nation1 ,,etc4 ,! ,ca?olic ,*ur* tea*es t !re is b "o ,god1 :o is inf9ite 9 k1 9 p[]1 9 goodness1 & 9 e o!r p]fection2 :o creat$ all ?+s by ,8 omnipot5ce1 & gov]ns !m by ,8 ,provid5ce4 ,9 ?is "o ,god !re are ?ree di/9ct ,p]sons1--! ,fa!r1 ! ,son1 & ! ,holy ,gho/1 :o are p]fectly equal to ea* o!r4 ,we believe t ,jesus ,*ri/1 ! ,second ,p]son ( ! ,bless$ ,tr9ity1 is p]fect ,god & p]fect ,man4 ,he is ,god1 = ,he 8is ov] all ?+s1 ,god bless$ =ev]407#d7 8,he is ,god ( ! sub/ance ( ! ,fa!r1 begott5 be=e "t2 & ,he is ,man ( ! sub/ance ( ,8 ,"m1 born 9 "t407#e7 ,out ( love = u1 & 9 ord] to rescue u f ! mis]ies entail$ ^u u by ! disob$i5ce ( our fir/ p>5ts1 ! ,div9e ,^w desc5d$ f heav51 & became ,man 9 ! womb ( ! ,virg9 ,m>y1 by ! op]ation ( ! ,holy ,gho/4 ,he 0 born on ,*ri/mas day1 9 a /able at ,be?lehem4 ,aft] hav+ l$ a life ( obscurity = ab\t ?irty ye>s1 *iefly at ,naz>e?1 ,he comm5c$ ,8 public c>e]4 ,he associat$ ) ,him a numb] ( m5 :o are nam$ ,apo/les1 :om ,he in/ruct$ 9 ! doctr9es ( ! religion :i* ,he e/abli%$4 ,= ?ree ye>s ,he w5t ab\t do+ good1 giv+ sight to ! bl9d1 he>+ to ! deaf1 heal+ all k9ds ( diseases1 rais+ ! dead to life1 & prea*+ ?r\gh\t ,judea ! new ,gospel ( peace47#f7 ,on ,good ,friday ,he 0 crucifi$ on ,m\nt ,calv>y1 & ?us pur*as$ = u r$emption by ,8 dea?4 ,h5ce ,jesus exclusively be>s ! titles ( ,savior & ,r$eem]1 because 8!re is no o!r "n "u heav5 giv5 to m5 :]eby we mu/ be sav$407#g7 8,he 0 w\nd$ = our iniquities2 ,he 0 bruis$ = our s9s1 444 & by ,8 bruises we are heal$407#h7 ,we are comm&$ by ,jesus1 suff]+ & dy+ = u1 to imitate ,him by ! crucifixion ( our fle%1 & by acts ( daily mortification4 8,if anyone10 ,he says1 8w come aft] ,me1 let him d5y himself1 & take up 8 cross daily & foll[ ,me407#i7 ,h5ce we ab/a9 f ! use ( fle% meat on ,friday--! day consecrat$ to our ,savior's suff]+s--n because ! eat+ ( fle% meat is s9ful 9 itself1 b z an act ( salut>y mortification4 ,lov+ *ildr5 w\ld be prompt$ by filial t5d]ness to commemorate ! anniv]s>y ( _! fa!r's dea? r by pray] & fa/+ ?an by fea/+4 ,ev5 s we ab/a9 on ,fridays f fle% meat t we may 9 a small measure te/ify our practical sympa?y = our de> ,"l by ! mortification ( our body1 endeavor+1 l ,/4 ,paul1 8to be> ab\t 9 our body ! mortification ( ,jesus1 t ! life also ( ,jesus may be made manife/ 9 our bodies407#aj7 ,! ,cross is held 9 ! highe/ rev]5ce by ,ca?olics1 because x 0 ! in/rum5t ( our ,savior's crucifixion4 ,x surm\nts our *ur*es & adorns our sanctu>ies4 ,we v5]ate x z ! emblem ( our salvation4 8,f> be x f me10 says ! ,apo/le1 8to glory save 9 ! cross ( our ,"l ,jesus ,*ri/407#aa7 ,we d n1 ( c\rse1 atta* any intr9sic virtue to ! ,cross2 ?is w\ld be s9ful & idolatr\s4 ,our v5]ation is ref]r$ to ,him :o di$ ^u x4 ,x is also a v anci5t & pi\s practice = ! fai?ful to make on _! p]son ! sign ( ! ,cross1 say+ at ! same "t3 8,9 ! "n ( ! ,fa!r1 & ( ! ,son1 & ( ! ,holy ,gho/40 ,t]tullian1 :o liv$ 9 ! second c5tury ( ! ,*ri/ian era1 says3 8,9 all our actions1 :5 we come 9 or g out1 :5 we dress1 :5 we wa%1 at our meals1 be=e retir+ to sleep1 444 we =m on our =eheads ! sign ( ! cross4 ,^! practices are n comm&$ by a =mal law ( ,scripture2 b tradition tea*es !m1 cu/om confirms !m1 fai? obs]ves !m407#ab7 ,by ! sign ( ! cross we make a pr(ession ( our fai? 9 ! ,tr9ity & ! ,inc>nation1 & p]=m a mo/ salut>y act ( religion4 ,we believe t on ,ea/] ,sunday ,jesus ,*ri/ manife/$ ,8 div9e p[] by rais+ ,himself to life1 & t hav+ sp5t =ty days on e>?1 aft] ,8 resurrection1 in/ruct+ ,8 disciples1 ,he asc5d$ to heav5 f ! ,m\nt ( ,olives4 ,on ! ,fea/ ( ,p5teco/1 or ,:itsunday1 t5 days aft] ,8 ,asc5sion1 our ,savior s5t1 z ,he _h promis$1 ,8 ,holy ,_s to ,8 disciples1 :ile !y 7 assembl$ toge!r 9 pray]4 ,! ,holy ,gho/ purifi$ _! he>ts f s91 & imp>t$ to !m a full k ( ^? doctr9es ( salvation :i* !y 7 in/ruct$ to prea*4 ,on ! same ,fea/ ( ,p5teco/ ! ,apo/les comm5c$ _! sublime mission1 f :i* day1 accord+ly1 we date ! active life ( ! ,ca?olic ,*ur*4 ,our ,r$eem] gave ! mo/ ample au?ority to ! ,apo/les to tea* 9 ,8 "n2 comm&+ !m to 8prea* ! ,gospel to e creature107#ac7 & direct+ all1 "u ! mo/ sev]e p5alties1 to he> & obey !m3 8,he t he>e? y1 he>e? ,me2 & he t despise? y1 despise? ,me4 ,& ,he t despise? ,me1 despise? ,him t s5t ,me407#ad7 ,& le/ we %\ld be mi/ak5 9 di/+ui%+ betwe5 ! true ,*ur* & false sects1 :i* our ,"l pr$ict$ w\ld arise1 ,he 0 pleas$ to /amp ^u ,8 ,*ur* c]ta9 %9+ m>ks1 by :i* e s9c]e inquir] c\ld easily recognize h] z ,8 only ,sp\se4 ,! pr9cipal m>ks or *>act]i/ics ( ! true ,*ur* are1 h] ,unity1 ,sanctity1 ,ca?olicity1 & ,apo/olicity17#ae7 to :i* may be add$ ! ,infallibility ( h] tea*+ & ! ,p]petuity ( h] exi/5ce4 ,i %all treat successively ( ^! m>ks4 ,*apt] ,,ii4 ,,! ,,unity ,,( ,,! ,,*ur*4 ,by unity is meant t ! memb]s ( ! true ,*ur* mu/ be unit$ 9 ! belief ( ! same doctr9es ( revelation1 & 9 ! ackn[l$gm5t ( ! au?ority ( ! same pa/ors4 ,h]esy & s*ism are oppos$ to ,*ri/ian unity4 ,by h]esy1 a man rejects "o or m articles ( ! ,*ri/ian fai?4 ,by s*ism1 he spurns ! au?ority ( 8 spiritual sup]iors4 ,t our ,savior requires ?is unity ( fai? & gov]nm5t 9 ,8 memb]s is evid5t f v>i\s passages ( ,holy ,writ4 ,9 ,8 admirable pray] imm$iately be=e ,8 passion ,he says3 8,i pray = !m also :o ?r\gh _! ^w %all believe 9 ,me2 t !y all may be "o1 z ,?\1 ,fa!r1 9 ,me & ,i 9 ,!e1 t !y also may be "o 9 ,u2 t ! _w may believe t ,?\ ha/ s5t ,me107#af7 because ! unity ( ! ,*ur* is ! mo/ lum9\s evid5ce ( ! ,div9e mission ( ,*ri/4 ,jesus pray$ t ,8 foll[]s may be unit$ 9 ! bond ( a common fai?1 z ,he & ,8 ,fa!r are unit$ 9 ess5ce1 & c]ta9ly ! pray] ( ,jesus is always he>d4 ,/4 ,paul ranks s*ism & h]esy ) ! crimes ( murd] & idolatry1 & he decl>es t ! au?ors ( sects %all n possess ! ,k+dom ( ,god47#ag7 ,he also addresses a lett] to ! ,ephesians f 8 prison 9 ,rome1 & if ! words ( ! ,apo/le %\ld always comm& our homage1 ) h[ mu* rev]5ce are !y to be receiv$ :5 he writes 9 *a9s f ! ,imp]ial ,city6 ,9 ?is ,epi/le he insi/s ^u unity ( fai? 9 ! foll[+ emphatic language3 8,be c>eful to keep ! unity ( ! ,_s 9 ! bond ( peace2 "o body & "o ,_s1 z y are call$ 9 "o hope ( y\r call+2 "o ,"l1 "o fai?1 "o baptism1 "o ,god & ,fa!r ( all1 :o is above all1 & ?r\gh all1 & 9 u all407#ah7 ,z y all1 he says1 wor%ip "o ,god1 & n _m gods2 z y ackn[l$ge ! same ,div9e ,m$iator ( r$emption1 & n _m m$iators2 z y are sanctifi$ by ! same ,div9e ,_s1 & n by _m spirits2 z y all hope = ! same heav51 & n diff]5t heav5s1 s mu/ y all pr(ess ! same fai?4 ,unity ( gov]nm5t is n less ess5tial to ! ,*ur* ( ,*ri/ ?an unity ( doctr9e4 ,our ,div9e ,savi\r nev] speaks ( ,8 ,*ur*es1 b ( ,8 ,*ur*4 ,he does n say3 8,^u ?is rock ,i w build my ,*ur*es10 b 8^u ?is rock ,i w build ,my ,*ur*107#ai7 f :i* words we mu/ conclude t x nev] 0 ,8 int5tion to e/abli% or to sanction v>i\s conflict+ d5om9ations1 b "o corporate body1 ) all ! memb]s unit$ "u "o visible ,head2 = z ! ,*ur* is a visible body1 x mu/ h a visible head4 ,! ,*ur* is call$ a k+dom3 8,he %all reign ov] ! h\se ( ,jacob =ev]1 & ( ,8 k+dom !re %all be no end407#bj7 ,n[ 9 e well-regulat$ k+dom !re is b "o k+1 "o =m ( gov]nm5t1 "o uni=m body ( laws1 :i* all are oblig$ to obs]ve4 ,9 l mann]1 9 ,*ri/'s spiritual k+dom1 !re mu/ be "o ,*ief to :om all owe spiritual allegiance2 "o =m ( ecclesia/ical gov]nm5t2 "o uni=m body ( laws :i* all ,*ri/ians are b\nd to obs]ve2 =1 8e k+dom divid$ aga9/ itself %all be made desolate407#ba7 ,our ,savior calls ,8 ,*ur* a %eepfold4 8,& !re %all be made "o fold & "o %eph]d407#bb7 ,:at m beautiful or fitt+ illu/ration ( unity c we h ?an t :i* is sugge/$ by a %eepfold8 ,all ! %eep ( a flock cl+ toge!r4 ,if !y are mom5t>ily sep>at$1 !y are impati5t till reunit$4 ,!y foll[ 9 ! same pa?4 ,!y fe$ on ! same pa/ures4 ,!y obey ! same %eph]d1 & fly f ! voice ( /rang]s4 ,s did our ,"l int5d t all ! %eep ( ,8 fold %\ld be n\ri%$ by ! same sacram5ts & ! same bread ( life2 t !y %\ld foll[ ! same rule ( fai? z _! guide to heav52 t !y %\ld li/5 to ! voice ( "o ,*ief ,pa/or1 & t !y %\ld c>efully %un false tea*]s4 ,8 ,*ur* is comp>$ to a human body4 8,z 9 "o body we h _m memb]s1 b all ! memb]s h n ! same (fice2 s we1 be+ _m1 are "o body 9 ,*ri/1 & e "o memb]s "o ( ! o!r407#bc7 ,9 "o body !re are _m memb]s1 all insep>ably connect$ ) ! head4 ,! head comm&s & ! foot in/antly moves1 ! h& is rais$ & ! lips op54 ,ev5 s our ,"l orda9$ t ,8 ,*ur*1 compos$ ( _m memb]s1 %\ld be all unit$ to "o supreme visible ,head1 :om !y are b\nd to obey4 ,! ,*ur* is comp>$ to a v9e4 8,i am ! ,v9e1 ye ! bran*es2 he t abide? 9 ,me & ,i 9 him1 ! same be>e? mu* fruit1 = )\t ,me ye c d no?+407#bd7 ,all ! bran*es ( a v9e1 ?\gh spread+ f> & wide1 are necess>ily connect$ ) ! ma9 /em1 & f its sap !y are n\ri%$4 ,9 l mann]1 our ,savi\r w h all ! sapl+s ( ,8 ,v9ey>d connect$ ) ! ma9 /em1 & all draw _! n\ri%m5t f ! p>5t /ock4 ,! ,*ur*1 9 f9e1 is call$ 9 ,scripture by ! beautiful title ( bride or sp\se ( ,*ri/17#be7 & ! ,*ri/ian law admits only ( "o wife4 ,9 fact1 our common s5se alone1 ap>t f revelation1 is suffici5t to conv9ce u t ,god c\ld n be ! au?or ( v>i\s oppos+ sy/ems ( religion4 ,god is ess5tially "o4 ,he is ,tru? itself4 ,h[ c\ld ! ,god ( tru? affirm1 = in/ance1 to "o body ( ,*ri/ians t !re are ?ree p]sons 9 ,god1 & to ano!r !re is only "o p]son 9 ,god8 ,h[ c\ld ,he say to "o individual t ,jesus ,*ri/ is ,god1 & to ano!r t ,he is only man8 ,h[ c ,he tell me t ! puni%m5ts ( ! wick$ are et]nal1 & tell ano!r t !y are n et]nal8 ,"o ( ^! contradictory /atem5ts mu/ be false4 8,god is n ! ,god ( diss5sion1 b ( peace407#bf7 ,i see p]fect h>mony 9 ! laws :i* gov]n ! physical _w t we inhabit4 ,i see a m>vel\s unity 9 our planet>y sy/em4 ,ea* planet moves 9 its own sph]e1 & all are controll$ by ! c5tral ,sun4 ,:y %\ld !re n be also h>mony & concord 9 t spiritual _w1 ! ,*ur* ( ,god1 ! gr&e/ conception ( ,8 omnipot5ce1 & ! mo/ b\nte\s manife/ation ( ,8 goodness & love = mank9d6 ,h5ce1 x is cle> t ,jesus ,*ri/ int5d$ t ,8 ,*ur* %\ld h "o common doctr9e :i* all ,*ri/ians are b\nd to believe1 & "o uni=m gov]nm5t to :i* all %\ld be loyally atta*$4 ,) all due respect = my diss5t+ bre?r51 tru? compels me to say t ?is unity ( doctr9e & gov]nm5t is n to be f\nd 9 ! ,prote/ant sects1 tak5 collectively or sep>ately4 ,t ! v>i\s ,prote/ant d5om9ations diff] f "o ano!r n only 9 m9or details1 b 9 mo/ ess5tial pr9ciples ( fai?1 is evid5t to e "o conv]sant ) ! doctr9es ( ! diff]5t ,cre$s4 ,! multiplicity ( sects 9 ?is c\ntry1 ) _! mutual recrim9ations1 is ! sc&al ( ,*ri/ianity1 & ! greate/ ob/acle to ! conv]sion ( ! hea!n4 ,n only does sect diff] f sect1 b ea* p>ticul> d5om9ation is divid$ into two or m indep5d5t or conflict+ bran*es4 ,9 ! ,/ate ( ,nor? ,c>ol9a we h sev]al ,bapti/ d5om9ations1 ea* hav+ its own di/9ctive appellation4 ,!re is also ! ,me?odi/ ,*ur* ,nor? & ! ,me?odi/ ,*ur* ,s\?4 ,!re 0 ! ,old & ! ,new ,s*ool ,presbyt]ian ,*ur*4 ,& ev5 9 ! ,episcopal ,communion1 :i* is ! mo/ cons]vative body outside ! ,ca?olic ,*ur*1 !re is ! rituali/ic1 or high *ur*1 & ! l[ *ur*4 ,nay1 if y "q closely ! individual memb]s compos+ any "o fraction ( ^! d5om9ations1 y w n r>ely f9d !m giv+ a contradictory view ( _! t5ets ( religion4 ,prote/ants diff] f "o ano!r n only 9 doctr9e1 b 9 ! =m ( ecclesia/ical gov]nm5t & discipl9e4 ,! *ur* ( ,engl& ackn[l$ges ! reign+ ,sov]eign z its ,spiritual ,head4 ,"s d5om9ations recognize ,deacons1 ,prie/s1 & ,bi%ops z an ess5tial "p ( _! hi]>*y2 :ile ! great majority ( ,prote/ants reject su* titles altoge!r4 ,:]e1 !n1 %all we f9d ?is ess5tial unity ( fai? & gov]nm5t8 ,i answ]1 confid5tly1 n[h]e save 9 ! ,ca?olic ,*ur*4 ,! numb] ( ,ca?olics 9 ! _w is comput$ at ?ree hundr$ millions4 ,!y h all 8"o ,"l1 "o fai?1 "o baptism10 "o cre$4 ,!y receive ! same sacram5ts1 !y wor%ip at ! same alt>1 & pay spiritual allegiance to "o common ,head4 ,%\ld a ,ca?olic be s un=tunate z contumaci\sly to d5y a s+le article ( fai?1 or )draw f ! communion ( 8 legitimate pa/ors1 he ceases to be a memb] ( ! ,*ur*1 & is cut (f l a )]$ bran*4 ,! ,*ur* _h r sev] h] "r h& ?an all[ any memb] to corrode h] vitals4 ,x 0 ?us %e excommunicat$ ,h5ry ,,viii4 because he p]si/$ 9 violat+ ! sacr$ law ( m>riage1 al?\gh %e =esaw t ! lu/ful mon>* w\ld involve a nation 9 8 spiritual ru94 ,%e ana!matiz$1 m rec5tly1 ,dr4 ,dll+]1 ?\gh ! pre/ige ( 8 "n ?reat5$ to eng5d] a s*ism 9 ,g]many4 ,%e says to h] *ildr53 8,y may esp\se any political p>ty y *oose2 ) ?is ,i h no conc]n40 ,b z soon z !y tr5* on matt]s ( fai? %e cries out3 8,hi!rto ?\ %alt come1 & %alt g no f>!r2 & "h ?\ %alt break ?y swell+ waves07#bg7 ( discord4 ,! temple ( fai? is ! asylum ( peace1 concord & unity4 ,h[ sublime & consol+ is ! ?\ght t :i!rsoev] a ,ca?olic goes ov] ! broad _w1 :e!r he ent]s 8 ,*ur* 9 ,pek9 or 9 ,melb\rne1 9 ,london1 or ,dubl91 or ,p>is1 or ,rome1 or ,new ,york1 or ,san ,francisco1 he is sure to he> ! self-same doctr9e prea*$1 to assi/ at ! same sacrifice1 & to p>take ( ! same sacram5ts4 ,?is is n all4 ,h] ,cre$ is n[ id5tical ) :at x 0 9 pa/ ages4 ,! same ,gospel ( peace t ,jesus ,*ri/ prea*$ on ! ,m\nt2 ! same doctr9e t ,/4 ,pet] prea*$ at ,antio* & ,rome2 ,/4 ,paul at ,ephesus2 ,/4 ,john ,*ryso/om at ,con/ant9ople2 ,/4 ,augu/9e 9 ,hippo2 ,/4 ,ambrose 9 ,milan2 ,/4 ,remigius 9 ,france2 ,/4 ,boniface 9 ,g]many2 ,/4 ,a?anasius 9 ,alex&ria2 ! same doctr9e t ,/4 ,patrick introduc$ into ,irel&2 t ,/4 ,augu/9e br\ght into ,engl&1 & ,/4 ,pelagius into ,scotl&1 & t ,columbus br\ght to ?is ,am]ican ,cont95t1 & ?is is ! doctr9e t is ev] prea*$ 9 ! ,ca?olic ,*ur* ?r\gh\t ! globe1 f ,janu>y till ,decemb]--8,jesus ,*ri/ ye/]day1 & today1 & ! same =ev]407#bh7 ,! same admirable unity t exi/s 9 matt]s ( fai? is also e/abli%$ 9 ! gov]nm5t ( ! ,*ur*4 ,all ! memb]s ( ! va/ body ( ,ca?olic ,*ri/ians are z intimately unit$ to "o visible ,*ief z ! memb]s ( ! human body are jo9$ to ! head4 ,! fai?ful ( ea* ,p>i% are subject to _! imm$iate ,pa/or4 ,ea* ,pa/or is subord9ate to 8 ,bi%op1 & ea* ,bi%op ( ,*ri/5dom ackn[l$ges ! jurisdiction ( ! ,bi%op ( ,rome1 ! successor ( ,/4 ,pet]1 & ,head ( ! ,ca?olic ,*ur*4 ,b x may be ask$1 is n ?is unity ( fai? impair$ by ^? doctr9al def9itions :i* ! ,*ur* has promulgat$ f "t to "t8 ,we answ]3 ,no new dogma1 unkn[n to ! ,apo/les1 n conta9$ 9 ! primitive ,*ri/ian revelation1 c be admitt$4 7,john xiv4 #bf2 xv4 #ae2 xvi4 #ac47 ,= ! ,apo/les receiv$ ! :ole deposit ( ,god's ^w1 accord+ to ! promise ( our ,"l3 8,:5 ,he %all come1 ! ,_s ( tru?1 ,he %all tea* y all tru?40 ,& s ! ,*ur* proposes ! doctr9es ( fai?1 su* z came f ! lips ( ,*ri/1 & z ! ,holy ,_s taught !m to ! ,apo/les at ! bir? ( ! ,*ri/ian law--doctr9es :i* "k nei!r v>iation nor decay4 ,h5ce1 :5ev] x has be5 def9$ t any po9t ( doctr9e p]ta9$ to ! ,ca?olic fai?1 x 0 always und]/ood t ?is 0 equival5t to ! decl>ation t ! doctr9e 9 "q _h be5 reveal$ to ! ,apo/les1 & _h come d[n to u f !m1 ei!r by ,scripture or tradition4 ,& z ! acts ( all ! ,c\ncils1 & ! hi/ory ( e def9ition ( fai? evid5tly %[1 x 0 nev] cont5d$ t a new revelation _h be5 made1 b e inquiry 0 direct$ to ?is "o po9t--:e!r ! doctr9e 9 "q 0 conta9$ 9 ! ,sacr$ ,scriptures or 9 ! ,apo/olic traditions4 ,a reveal$ tru? frequ5tly has a v ext5sive scope1 & is direct$ aga9/ error "u its _m *ang+ =ms4 ,nor is x necess>y t ^? :o receive ?is revelation 9 ! fir/ in/ance %\ld be explicitly acqua9t$ ) its full import1 or cognizant ( all its be>+s4 ,tru? nev] *anges2 x is ! same n[1 ye/]day1 & =ev]1 9 itself2 b our relations t[>ds tru? may *ange1 = t :i* is hidd5 f u today may become kn[n to u tomorr[4 8,x (t5 happ5s10 says ,/4 ,augu/9e1 8t :5 x becomes necess>y to def5d c]ta9 po9ts ( ,ca?olic doctr9e aga9/ ! insidi\s attacks ( h]etics !y are m c>efully /udi$1 !y become m cle>ly und]/ood1 !y are m e>ne/ly inculcat$2 & s ! v que/ions rais$ by h]etics give occasion to a m ?or\gh k ( ! subject 9 "q407#bi7 ,let u illu/rate ?is4 ,9 ! ,apo/olic revelation & prea*+ "s tru?s might h be5 conta9$ implicitly1 e4g41 9 ! doctr9e t grace is necess>y = e salut>y "w1 x is implicitly ass]t$ t ! assi/ance ( grace is requir$ = ! inception ( e good & salut>y "w4 ,?is 0 d5i$ by ! semi-,pelagians1 & _! error 0 condemn$ by an explicit def9ition4 ,& s 9 o!r matt]s1 z ! ris+ controv]sies or new errors gave occasion = x1 !re 7 m explicit decl>ations ( :at 0 =m]ly implicitly believ$4 ,9 ! doctr9e ( ! supreme p[] ( ,pet]1 z ! visible f\ndation ( ! ,*ur*1 we h ! impli$ ass]tion ( _m rights & duties :i* belong to ! c5tre ( unity4 ,9 ! revelation ( ! sup]-em95t dignity & purity ( ! ,bless$ ,virg9 !re is impli$ h] exemption f orig9al s91 etc41 etc4 ,s1 too1 9 ! beg9n+ _m tru?s might h be5 propos$ some:at obscurely or less cle>ly2 !y might h be5 less urg5tly insi/$ ^u1 because !re 0 no h]esy1 no contr>y tea*+ to r5d] a m explicit decl>ation necess>y4 ,n[1 a doctr9e :i* is implicitly1 less cle>ly1 n s e>ne/ly propos$1 may be ov]look$1 misund]/ood1 call$ 9 "q2 consequ5tly1 x may happ5 t "s articles are n[ univ]sally believ$ 9 ! ,*ur*1 9 reg>d to :i* d\bts & controv]sies exi/$ 9 =m] ages1 ev5 )9 ! bosom ( ! ,*ur*4 8,^? :o err 9 belief d b s]ve to br+ out m cle>ly ! s\ndness ( ^? :o believe rightly4 ,= !re are _m ?+s :i* lay hidd5 9 ! ,scriptures1 & :5 h]etics 7 cut (f !y vex$ ! ,*ur* ( ,god ) disputes2 !n ! hidd5 ?+s 7 br\ght to light1 & ! w ( ,god 0 made kn[n40 7,/4 ,augu/9e on ! #ed? ,psalm1 ,no4 #bb47 ,?is k9d ( progress 9 fai? we c & d admit2 b ! tru? is n *ang$ !reby4 ,z ,alb]tus ,magnus says3 8,x w\ld be m correct to /yle ?is ! progress ( ! believ] 9 ! fai? ?an ( ! fai? 9 ! believ]40 ,to %[ t ?is k9d ( progress is to be admitt$ only two ?+s are to be prov$3 #a3 ,t "s div9ely reveal$ tru?s %\ld be conta9$ 9 ! ,apo/olic tea*+ implicitly1 less cle>ly expla9$1 less urg5tly press$4 ,& ?is c be d5i$ only by ^? :o hold t ! ,bible is ! only rule ( ,fai?1 t x is cle> 9 e "p1 & c\ld be readily und]/ood by all f ! beg9n+4 ,?is po9t ,i %all consid] f>!r on 9 ?is "w4 #b4 ,t ! ,*ur* c1 9 process ( "t1 z occasions arise1 decl>e1 expla91 urge4 ,?is is prov$ n only f ! ,scriptures & ! ,fa!rs1 b ev5 f ! conduct ( ,prote/ants !mselves1 :o (t5 boa/ ( ! c>e & assiduity ) :i* !y 8se>* ! ,scriptures10 & /udy out _! mean+1 ev5 n[ t s _m ,comm5t>ies on ! sacr$ ,text h be5 publi%$4 ,& :y8 ,to obta9 m light2 to und]/& bett] :at is reveal$4 ,x w\ld appe> f ?is t ! only "q :i* c\ld arise on ?is po9t is1 n ab\t ! possibility ( arriv+ by degrees at a cle>] und]/&+ ( ! true s5se ( revelation1 z circum/ances may call = successive developm5ts1 b ab\t ! au?ority ( ! ,*ur* to propose & to det]m9e t s5se4 ,s t1 aft] all1 we are always br\ght back to ! only real po9t ( division & dispute betwe5 ^? :o are n ,ca?olics & ourselves1 namely1 to ! au?ority ( ! ,*ur*1 ( :i* ,i %all h m to say h]eaft]4 ,i _c conclude bett] ?an by quot+ ! words ( ,/4 ,v9c5t ( ,l]9s3 8,let u take c>e t x be ) u 9 matt]s ( religion1 :i* affect our s\ls1 z x is ) mat]ial bodies1 :i*1 z "t goes on1 pass ?r\gh successive phases ( gr[? & developm5t & multiply _! ye>s1 b yet rema9 always ! same individual bodies z !y 7 9 ! beg9n+4444 ,x v prop]ly foll[s f ! nature ( ?+s t1 ) a p]fect agreem5t & consi/5cy betwe5 ! beg9n+s & ! f9al results1 :5 we reap ! h>ve/ ( dogmatic tru? :i* has sprung f ! se$s ( doctr9e s[n 9 ! spr+-"t ( ! ,*ur*'s exi/5ce1 we %\ld f9d no sub/antial diff]5ce betwe5 ! gra9 :i* 0 fir/ plant$ & t :i* we n[ ga!r4 ,= ?\gh ! g]ms ( ! e>ly fai? h 9 "s respects be5 evolv$ 9 ! c\rse ( "t1 & /ill receive n\ri%m5t & culture1 yet no?+ 9 !m t is sub/antial c ev] suff] *ange4 ,! ,*ur* ( ,*ri/ is a fai?ful & ev] wat*ful gu>dian ( ! dogmas :i* h be5 committ$ to h] *>ge4 ,9 ?is sacr$ deposit %e *anges no?+1 %e takes no?+ f x1 %e adds no?+ to x40 ,*apt] ,,iii4 ,,! ,,hol9ess ,,( ,,! ,,*ur*4 ,hol9ess is also a m>k ( ! true ,*ur*2 = 9 ! ,cre$ we say1 8,i believe 9 ! holy ,ca?olic ,*ur*40 ,e society is f\nd$ = a special object4 ,"o society is =m$ ) ! view ( cultivat+ social int]c\rse among its memb]s2 a second is organiz$ to advance _! temporal int]e/s2 & a ?ird = ! purpose ( promot+ lit]>y pursuits4 ,! ,ca?olic ,*ur* is a society f\nd$ by our ,"l ,jesus ,*ri/ = ! sanctification ( its memb]s2 h5ce1 ,/4 ,pet] calls ! ,*ri/ians ( 8 "t 8a *os5 g5]ation1 a royal prie/hood1 a holy nation1 a pur*as$ p407#cj7 ,! example ( our ,div9e ,f\nd]1 ,jesus ,*ri/1 ! sublime moral lessons ,he has taught u1 ! ,sacram5ts ,he has in/itut$--all t5d to our sanctification4 ,!y all conc5tre !mselves 9 our s\l1 l s _m heav5ly rays1 to enlight5 & inflame x ) ! fire ( devotion4 ,:5 ! ,*ur* speaks to u ( ! attributes ( our ,"l1 ( ,8 ju/ice & m]cy & sanctity & tru?1 h] object is n m]ely to extol ! ,div9e p]fections1 b also to exhort u to imitate !m1 & to be l ,him1 j & m]ciful1 holy & tru?ful4 ,behold ! sublime ,model t is plac$ be=e u6 ,x is n man1 nor angel1 nor ar*angel1 b ,jesus ,*ri/1 ! ,son ( ,god1 8:o is ! brightness ( ,8 glory1 & ! figure ( ,8 sub/ance407#ca7 ,! ,*ur* places ,8 image ov] our alt>s1 admoni%+ u to 8look & d accord+ to ! patt]n %[n on ! ,m\nt407#cb7 ,& f t height ,he seems to say to u3 8,be ye holy1 = ,i ! ,"l y\r ,god am holy407#cc7 8,be ye p]fect1 ev5 z y\r heav5ly ,fa!r is p]fect407#cd7 8,be ye foll[]s ( ,god z mo/ de> *ildr5407#ce7 ,we are invit$ to lead holy lives1 n only because our ,div9e ,f\nd]1 ,jesus ,*ri/1 0 holy1 b also because we be> ,8 sweet & v5]able "n4 ,we are call$ ,*ri/ians4 ,t is a "n we w\ld n ex*ange = all ! high-s\nd+ titles ( ,pr9ce or ,emp]or4 ,we are ju/ly pr\d ( ?is appellation ( ,*ri/ian2 b we are rem9d$ t x has annex$ to x a correspond+ obligation4 ,x is n an idle "n1 b "o full ( solemn significance2 = a ,*ri/ian1 z ! v "n implies1 is a foll[] or disciple ( ,*ri/--"o :o walks 9 ! foot/eps ( 8 ,ma/] by obs]v+ ,8 precepts2 :o reproduces 9 8 own life ! "* & virtues ( 8 ,div9e ,model4 ,9 a ^w1 a ,*ri/ian is ano!r ,*ri/4 ,x w\ld1 !re=e1 be a contradiction 9 t]ms1 if a ,*ri/ian _h no?+ 9 common ) 8 ,"l except ! "n4 ,! disciple %\ld imitate 8 ,ma/]1 ! soldi] %\ld imitate 8 ,comm&]1 & ! memb]s %\ld be l ! ,head4 ,! ,*ur* con/antly allures h] *ildr5 to hol9ess by plac+ be=e _! m9ds ! ,inc>nation1 life & dea? ( our ,savior4 ,:at appeals m =cibly to a life ( piety ?an ! contemplation ( ,jesus born 9 a /able1 liv+ an humble life 9 ,naz>e?1 dy+ on a cross1 t ,8 blood might purify u8 ,if ,he s5t =? ,apo/les to prea* ! ,gospel to ! :ole _w2 if 9 ,8 "n temples are built 9 e nation1 & mission>ies are s5t to ! extremities ( ! globe1 all ?is is done t we may be ,sa9ts4 8,god10 says ,/4 ,paul1 8gave "s ,apo/les1 & "s ,prophets1 & o!rs ,evangeli/s1 & o!rs ,pa/ors & ,doctors1 = ! p]fect+ ( ! ,sa9ts1 = ! "w ( ! m9i/ry1 = ! build+ up ( ! body ( ,*ri/1 until we all meet unto ! unity ( fai? & ( ! k ( ! ,son ( ,god unto a p]fect man407#cf7 ,! moral law :i* ! ,ca?olic ,*ur* inculcates on h] *ildr5 is ! highe/ & holie/ /&>d ( p]fection ev] pres5t$ to any p1 & furni%es ! /ronge/ inc5tives to virtue4 ,! same ,div9e precepts deliv]$ ?r\gh ,moses to ! ,jews1 on ,m\nt ,s9ai1 ! same salut>y w>n+s :i* ! ,prophets utt]$ ?r\gh\t ,judea1 ! same sublime & consol+ lessons ( morality :i* ,jesus gave on ! ,m\nt--^! are ! lessons :i* ! ,*ur* tea*es f ,janu>y till ,decemb]4 ,! ,ca?olic prea*] does n amuse 8 audi5ce ) speculative topics or political h>angues1 or any o!r subjects ( a transitory nature4 ,he prea*es only 8,*ri/1 & ,him crucifi$40 ,?is code ( ,div9e precepts is en=c$ ) z mu* zeal by ! ,*ur* z 0 ! ,decalogue ( old by ,moses1 :5 he said3 8,^! words1 :i* ,i comm& !e ?is day1 %all be 9 ?y he>t2 & ?\ %alt tell !m to ?y *ildr52 & ?\ %alt m$itate ^u !m1 sitt+ 9 ?y h\se1 & walk+ on ?y j\rney1 sleep+ & ris+407#cg7 ,! fir/ lesson taught to *ildr5 9 our ,sunday-s*ools is _! duty to "k1 love & s]ve ,god1 & ?us to be ,sa9ts2 = if !y "k1 love & s]ve ,god aright !y %all be ,sa9ts inde$4 ,_! t5d] m9ds are in/ruct$ 9 ?is great tru? t ?\gh !y _h ! ri*es ( ,dives1 & ! glory & pleasures ( ,solomon1 & yet fail to be righte\s1 !y h miss$ _! vocation1 & are 8wret*$1 & mis]able1 & poor1 & bl9d1 & nak$407#ch7 8,=1 :at do? x pr(it a man1 if he ga9 ! :ole _w & lose 8 own s\l807#ci7 ,on ! contr>y ?\gh !y are z poor z ,laz>us1 & z mis]able z ,job 9 ! days ( 8 adv]sity1 !y are assur$ t _! condition is a happy "o 9 ! sight ( ,god1 if !y live up to ! maxims ( ! ,gospel4 ,! ,*ur* quick5s ! zeal ( h] *ildr5 = hol9ess ( life by impress+ on _! m9ds ! rigor ( ,god's judgm5ts1 :o 8w br+ to light ! hidd5 ?+s ( d>kness1 & make manife/ ! c\nsels ( ! he>ts10 by rem9d+ !m ( ! t]rors ( ,hell & ( ! sweet joys ( ,heav54 ,n only are ,ca?olics in/ruct$ 9 *ur* on ,sundays b !y are exhort$ to p]use ! ,^w ( ,god1 & manuals ( devotion1 at home4 ,! sa9ts ^: lives are !re record$ s]ve l bright />s to guide !m ov] ! /ormy ocean ( life to ! %ores ( et]nity2 :ile ! hi/ory ( ^? :o h fall5 f grace /&s l a beacon light1 w>n+ !m to %un ! rocks aga9/ :i* a ,solomon & a ,judas made %ipwreck ( _! s\ls4 ,our books ( piety are adapt$ to e want ( ! human s\l1 & are a fruitful s\rce ( sanctification4 ,:o c read )\t spiritual pr(it su* works z ! almo/ inspir$ ,foll[+ ( ,*ri/ by ,?omas ,kempis2 ! ,*ri/ian ,p]fection ( ,rodriguez2 ! ,spiritual ,combat ( ,scupoli2 ! writ+s ( ,/4 ,francis de ,sales1 & a c\ntless ho/ ( o!r ascetical au?ors8 ,y w se>* 9 va9 outside ! ,ca?olic ,*ur* = writ]s comp>able 9 unction & heal?y piety to su* z ,i h m5tion$4 ,comp>e1 = in/ance1 ,kempis ) ,bunyan's ,pilgrim's ,progress1 or ,butl]'s ,lives ( ! ,sa9ts ) ,foxe's ,book ( ,m>tyrs4 ,y lay d[n ,butl] ) a sweet & tranquil devotion1 & ) a pr(\nd admiration = ! ,*ri/ian h]oes ^: lives he records2 :ile y put aside ,foxe ) a tr\bl$ m9d & a s5se ( v9dictive bitt]ness4 ,i d n speak ( ! ,book ( ,common ,pray]1 because ! be/ "p ( x is a translation f our ,missal4 ,prote/ants also publi% ,kempis1 ?\gh sometimes 9 a mutilat$ =m2 e passage 9 ! orig9al be+ c>efully omitt$ :i* alludes to ,ca?olic doctr9es & practices4 ,a di/+ui%$ ,episcopal cl]gyman ( ,baltimore once av[$ to me t 8 favorite books ( devotion 7 our /&>d works ( piety4 ,9 say+ ?is1 he paid a m]it$ & graceful tribute to ! sup]iority ( ,ca?olic spiritual lit]ature4 ,! ,*ur* gives u n only ! mo/ press+ motives1 b also ! mo/ pot5t means = our sanctification4 ,^! means are furni%$ by pray] & ! ,sacram5ts4 ,%e exhorts u to frequ5t communion ) ,god by pray] & m$itation1 & s imp]ative is ?is obligation 9 our eyes t we w\ld ju/ly hold ourselves guilty ( grave d]eliction ( duty if we neglect$ = a consid]able "t ! practice ( morn+ & ev5+ pray]4 ,! mo/ abundant s\rce ( graces is also f\nd 9 ! sev5 ,sacram5ts ( ! ,*ur*4 ,our s\l is ba!d 9 ! ,preci\s ,blood ( ,jesus ,*ri/ at ! font ( ,baptism1 f :i* we come =? 8new creatures40 ,we are !n & !re incorporat$ ) ,*ri/1 becom+ 8bone ( ,8 bone & fle% ( ,8 fle%20 8= z _m ( y10 says ! ,apo/le1 8z h be5 baptiz$ 9 ,*ri/ h put on ,*ri/407#dj7 ,& z ! ,holy ,gho/ is insep>able f ,*ri/1 our bodies are made ! temples ( ! ,_s ( ,god & our s\ls ,8 ,sanctu>y4 8,*ri/ lov$ ! ,*ur* & deliv]$ ,himself up = x1 t ,he might sanctify x1 cleans+ x by ! lav] ( wat]1 9 ! ^w ( life2 t ,he might pres5t x to ,himself a glori\s ,*ur*1 n hav+ spot or wr9kle1 or any su* ?+1 b t x %\ld be holy & )\t blemi%407#da7 ,9 ,confirmation we receive new graces & new /r5g? to battle aga9/ ! temptations ( life4 ,9 ! ,eu*>i/ we are f$ ) ! liv+ ,bread :i* come? d[n f ,heav54 ,9 ,p5ance are wa%$ away ! /a9s we h contract$ aft] ,baptism4 ,are we call$ to ! ,sacr$ ,m9i/ry1 or to ! m>ri$ /ate1 we f9d 9 ! ,sacram5ts ( ,ord]s & ,matrimony ample graces correspond+ ) ! condition ( life :i* we h embrac$4 ,& our la/ illness is consol$ by ,extreme ,unction1 :]e9 we receive ! ,div9e succor necess>y to =tify & purify u be=e dep>t+ f ?is _w4 ,9 a ^w1 ! ,*ur*1 l a wat*ful "m1 accompanies u f ! cradle to ! grave1 supply+ u at ea* /ep ) ! m$ic9e ( life & immortality4 ,z ! ,*ur* (f]s to h] *ildr5 ! /ronge/ motives & ! mo/ p[]ful means = atta9+ to sanctity ( life1 s does %e reap among !m ! mo/ abundant fruits ( hol9ess4 ,9 e age & c\ntry %e is ! fruitful "m ( sa9ts4 ,our ,ecclesia/ical cal5d> is n conf9$ to ! names ( ! twelve ,apo/les4 ,x is emblazon$ ) ! li/s ( h]oic ,m>tyrs :o 87 /on$1 & cut asund]1 & put to dea? by ! sword207#db7 ( innum]able ,confessors & ,h]mits :o left all ?+s & foll[$ ,*ri/2 ( spotless virg9s :o pres]v$ _! *a/ity = ! ,k+dom ( ,heav5's sake4 ,e day 9 ! ye> is consecrat$ 9 our ,m>tyrology to a l>ge numb] ( ,sa9ts4 ,& 9 our own times1 9 e qu>t] ( ! globe & 9 e dep>tm5t ( life1 ! ,*ur* cont9ues to raise up ,sa9ts wor?y ( ! primitive days ( ,*ri/ianity4 ,if we seek = ,apo/les1 we f9d !m conspicu\sly among ! ,bi%ops ( ,g]many1 :o are n[ display+ 9 prison & 9 exile a s]5e h]oism wor?y ( ,pet] & ,paul4 ,e ye> records ! tortures ( ,ca?olic mission]s :o die ,m>tyrs to ! ,fai? 9 ,*9a1 ,corea1 & o!r ,pagan c\ntries4 ,among h] confessors are numb]$ ^? devot$ prie/s :o1 ab&on+ home & family ties1 annually g =? to prea* ! ,gospel 9 =eign l&s4 ,_! worldly possessions are (t5 conf9$ to a few books ( devotion & _! mode/ app>el4 ,& :o is a /rang] to h] consecrat$ virg9s1 ^? si/]s ( v>i\s ,ord]s :o 9 e l>ge city ( ,*ri/5dom are daily reclaim+ degrad$ wom5 f a life ( %ame1 & br++ !m back to ! sweet influ5ces ( religion2 :o snat* ! ab&on$ (fspr+ ( s9 f temporal & spiritual dea?1 & make !m pi\s & useful memb]s ( society1 becom+ m ?an mo!rs to !m2 :o rescue *ildr5 f ignorance1 & in/ill into _! m9ds ! k & love ( ,god4 ,we c po9t to numb]less sa9ts also among ! laity4 ,i d>e ass]t t 9 almo/ e congregation 9 ! ,ca?olic _w1 m5 & wom5 are to be f\nd :o exhibit a f]v5t piety & a zeal = religion :i* r5d] !m wor?y ( be+ nam$ aft] ! ,annas1 ! ,aquilas & ! ,priscillas ( ! ,new ,te/am5t4 ,!y attract n inde$ ! admiration ( ! public1 because true piety is uno/5tati\s & seeks a 8life hidd5 ) ,*ri/ 9 ,god407#dc7 ,x mu/ n be imag9$ t1 9 proclaim+ ! sanctity ( ! ,*ur*1 ,i am attempt+ to prove t all ,ca?olics are holy4 ,i am sorry to confess t corruption ( morals is too (t5 f\nd among pr(ess+ ,ca?olics4 ,we _c close our eyes to ! pa9ful fact t too _m ( !m1 f> f liv+ up to ! tea*+s ( _! ,*ur*1 are s\rces ( melan*oly sc&al4 8,x mu/ be t sc&als come1 b woe to him by :om ! sc&al come?40 ,i also admit t ! s9 ( ,ca?olics is m he9\s 9 ! sight ( ,god ?an t ( _! sep>at$ bre?r51 because !y abuse m grace4 ,b x %\ld be borne 9 m9d t nei!r ,god nor ,8 ,*ur* =ces any man's consci5ce4 ,to all ,he says by ! m\? ( ,8 ,prophet3 8,behold ,i set be=e y ! way ( life & ! way ( dea?40 7,j]4 xxi4 #h47 ,! *oice re/s ) y\rselves4 ,x is easy to expla9 :y s _m dis$ify+ memb]s are always f\nd cl++ to ! robes ( ! ,*ur*1 _! spiritual ,"m1 & :y %e nev] %akes !m (f nor dis[ns !m z h] *ildr54 ,! ,*ur* is animat$ by ! _s ( h] ,f\nd]1 ,jesus ,*ri/4 ,he 8came into ?is _w to save s9n]s407#dd7 ,he 8came n to call ! j b s9n]s to rep5tance40 ,he 0 ! ,fri5d ( ,publicans & ,s9n]s t ,he might make !m ! fri5ds ( ,god4 ,& !y clung to ,him1 kn[+ ,8 compassion = !m4 ,! ,*ur*1 walk+ 9 ! foot/eps ( h] ,div9e ,sp\se1 nev] repudiates s9n]s nor cuts !m (f f h] fold1 no matt] h[ griev\s or notori\s may be _! moral del9qu5cies2 n because %e connives at _! s91 b because %e wi%es to reclaim !m4 ,%e bids !m nev] to despair1 & tries1 at lea/1 to weak5 _! passions1 if %e _c altoge!r re=m _! lives4 ,m9dful also ( ! words ( our ,"l3 8,! poor h ! ,gospel prea*$ to !m107#de7 ! ,*ur* has a t5d] compassion = ! victims ( pov]ty1 :i* has its tra9 ( peculi> temptations & infirmities4 ,h5ce1 ! poor & ! s9n]s cl+ to ! ,*ur*1 z !y clung to our ,"l dur+ ,8 mortal life4 ,we "k1 on ! o!r h&1 t s9n]s :o are guilty ( gross crimes :i* %ock public dec5cy are virtually excommunicat$ f ,prote/ant ,communions4 ,& z = ! poor1 ! public press (t5 compla9s t little or no provision is made = !m 9 ,prote/ant ,*ur*es4 ,a g5tleman in=m$ me t he nev] saw a poor p]son ent] an ,episcopal ,*ur* :i* 0 contigu\s to 8 resid5ce4 ,^! exclud$ s9n]s & victims ( p5ury ei!r ab&on ,*ri/ianity altoge!r1 or f9d refuge 9 ! bosom ( _! true ,"m1 ! ,ca?olic ,*ur*1 :o1 l h] ,div9e ,sp\se1 claims ! afflict$ z h] mo/ *]i%$ inh]itance4 ,! p>ables descriptive ( ?is ,*ur* :i* our ,"l employ$ also cle>ly tea* u t ! good & bad %all be jo9$ toge!r 9 ! ,*ur* z long z h] e>?ly mission la/s4 ,! k+dom ( ,god is l a field 9 :i* ! cockle is all[$ to gr[ up ) ! good se$ until ! h>ve/-"t27#df7 x is l a net :i* encloses good fi% & bad until ! h\r ( sep>ation comes47#dg7 ,s1 too1 ! ,*ur* is t great h\se7#dh7 9 :i* !re are n only vessels ( gold & silv]1 b also ( wood & clay4 ,! ,fa!rs repeat ! tea*+ ( ,scripture4 ,/4 ,j]ome says3 8,! ark ( ,noah 0 a type ( ! ,*ur*4 ,z e k9d ( animal 0 9 t1 s 9 ?is !re are m5 ( e race & "*4 ,z 9 t 7 ! leop>d & ! kids1 ! wolf & ! lambs1 s 9 ?is !re are to be f\nd ! j & ! s9ful--t is1 vessels ( gold & silv] along ) ^? ( wood & clay407#di7 ,/4 ,gregory ! ,great writes3 8,because 9 x 7! ,*ur*7 ! good are m+l$ ) ! bad1 ! reprobate ) ! elect1 x is rightly decl>$ to be simil> to ! wise & ! fooli% virg9s407#ej7 ,li/5 to ,/4 ,augu/9e3 8,let ! m9d recall ! ?re%+-floor conta9+ /raw & :eat2 ! nets 9 :i* are inclos$ good & bad fi%2 ! ark ( ,noah 9 :i* 7 clean & unclean animals1 & y w see t ! ,*ur* f n[ until ! judgm5t day conta9s n only %eep & ox5--t is1 sa9tly laym5 & holy m9i/]s--b also ! bea/s ( ! field4444 ,= ! bea/s ( ! field are m5 :o take delight 9 c>nal pleasures1 ! field be+ t broad way :i* leads to p]dition407#ea7 ,! occasional sc&als exi/+ among memb]s ( ! ,*ur* d n invalidate or impair h] claim to ! title ( sanctity4 ,! spots on ! sun d n m> 8 brightness4 ,nei!r d ! moral /a9s ( "s memb]s sully ! brilliancy ( h] 8:o come? =? z ! morn+ />1 fair z ! moon1 bright z ! sun407#eb7 ,! cockle t gr[s amid/ ! :eat does n de/roy ! beauty ( ! rip5$ h>ve/4 ,! sanctity ( ,jesus 0 n sulli$ by ! pres5ce ( ,judas 9 ! ,apo/olic ,college4 ,nei!r c ! moral corruption ( a few disciples t>ni% ! hol9ess ( ! ,*ur*4 ,/4 ,paul calls ! ,*ur* ( ,cor9? a congregation ( ,sa9ts17#ec7 ?\gh he reproves "s sc&al\s memb]s among !m47#ed7 ,x _c be d5i$ t corruption ( morals prevail$ 9 ! sixte5? c5tury to su* an ext5t z to call = a sweep+ re=mation1 & t laxity ( discipl9e invad$ ev5 ! sanctu>y4 ,b h[ 0 ?is re=mation ( morals to be effect$8 ,0 x to be accompli%$ by a =ce op]at+ inside ! ,*ur*1 or outside8 ,i answ] t ! prop] way ( c>ry+ out ?is re=mation 0 by battl+ aga9/ iniquity )9 ! ,*ur*2 = !re 0 n a s+le weapon :i* m5 c\ld use 9 wag+ w> ) vice outside ! ,*ur*1 :i* !y c\ld n wield ) m effective p[] :5 fight+ "u ! au?ority ( ! ,*ur*4 ,! true weapons ( an ,apo/le1 at all times1 h be5 p]sonal virtue1 pray]1 prea*+1 & ! ,sacram5ts4 ,e g5u9e re=m] _h ^? weapons at 8 disposal )9 ! ,*ur*4 ,%e possesses1 at all times1 n only ! pr9ciple ( undy+ vitality1 b1 besides1 all ! elem5ts ( re=mation1 & all ! means ( sanctification4 ,) ! weapons ,i h nam$ %e purifi$ morals 9 ! fir/ c5tury1 & ) ! same weapons %e w5t to "w ) a "r good w1 & effect$ a moral re=mation 9 ! sixte5? c5tury4 ,%e 0 ! only effectual spiritual re=m] ( t age4 ,:at 0 ! ,c\ncil ( ,tr5t b a great re=m+ tribunal8 ,mo/ ( its decrees are direct$ to ! re=mation ( abuses among ! cl]gy & ! laity1 & ! salut>y fruits ( its legislation are reap$ ev5 to ?is day4 ,/4 ,*>les ,borromeo1 ! nephew ( a reign+ ,pope1 0 ! greate/ re=m] ( 8 "t4 ,8 :ole ,episcopal c>e] 0 sp5t 9 elevat+ ! morals ( 8 cl]gy & p4 ,b>?olomew1 ,ar*bi%op ( ,braga1 9 ,portugal1 prea*$ an incessant crusade aga9/ iniquity 9 high & l[ places4 ,/4 ,ignatius ( ,loyola & ,/4 ,alphonsus1 ) _! companions1 7 conspicu\s & successful re=m]s ?r\gh\t ,europe4 ,/4 ,philip ,n]i 0 call$ ! mod]n ,apo/le ( ,rome because ( 8 happy ef=ts 9 de?ron+ vice 9 t city4 ,all ^! ,ca?olic ,apo/les prea* by example z well z by ^w4 ,h[ d ,lu!r & ,calv91 & ,zu+lius & ,knox1 & ,h5ry ,,viii4 comp>e ) ^! g5u9e & sa9tly re=m]s1 bo? z to _! moral "* & ! fruit or _! labors8 ,! private lives ( ^! pseudo-re=m]s 7 /a9$ by cruelty1 rap9e1 & lic5ti\sness2 & z ! result ( _! propag&ism1 hi/ory records civil w>s1 & blood%$1 & bitt] religi\s /rife1 & ! dismemb]m5t ( ,*ri/ianity into a ?\s& sects4 ,in/ead ( co-op]at+ ) ! lawful au?orities 9 ext+ui%+ ! flames :i* ! passions ( m5 _h enk9dl$ 9 ! city ( ,god1 ^! fai?less citiz5s fly f ! citadel :i* !y _h v[$ to def5d2 !n jo9+ ! enemy1 !y ha/5 back to fan ! conflagration1 & to increase ! commotion4 ,& !y ov]turn ! v alt>s be=e :i* !y previ\sly sacrific$ z consecrat$ prie/s47#ee7 ,!y sanction$ rebellion by und]m9+ ! pr9ciple ( au?ority4 ,:at a noble opportunity !y lo/ ( e>n+ = !mselves immortal honors f ,god & man6 ,if1 in/ead ( rais+ ! /&>d ( revolt1 !y _h wag$ w> ^u _! own passions1 & f\ght ) ! ,ca?olic re=m]s aga9/ impiety1 !y w\ld be hail$ z true soldi]s ( ! cross4 ,!y w\ld be welcom$ by ! ,pope1 ! ,bi%ops & cl]gy1 & by all good m54 ,!y might be honor$ today on our alt>s1 & might h a ni*e 9 our temples1 side by side ) ^? ( ,*>les ,borromeo & ,ignatius ,loyola2 & in/ead ( a divid$ army ( ,*ri/ians1 we %\ld behold today a unit$ ,*ri/5dom1 spread+ itself irresi/ibly f nation to nation1 & br++ all k+doms to ! k ( ,jesus ,*ri/4 ,*apt] ,,iv4 ,,ca?olicity4 ,t ,ca?olicity is a prom95t note ( ! ,*ur* is evid5t f ! ,apo/les' ,cre$1 :i* says3 8,i believe 9 ! ,holy ,ca?olic ,*ur*40 ,! ^w ,ca?olic1 or ,univ]sal1 signifies t ! true ,*ur* is n circumscrib$ 9 its ext5t1 l human empires1 nor conf9$ to "o race ( p1 l ! ,jewi% ,*ur*1 b t %e is diffus$ ov] e nation ( ! globe1 & c\nts h] *ildr5 among all tribes & peoples & tongues ( ! e>?4 ,?is glori\s ,*ur* is =e%ad[$ by ! ,psalmi/1 :5 he s+s3 8,all ! ends ( ! e>? %all be conv]t$ to ! ,"l1 & all ! k9dr$s ( ! ,g5tiles %all adore 9 ,8 sight2 = ! k+dom is ! ,"l's1 & ,he %all h dom9ion ov] ! nations407#ef7 ,! ,prophet ,mala*y saw 9 ! di/ant future ?is _w-wide ,*ur*1 :5 he wrote3 8,f ! ris+ ( ! sun1 to ! go+ d[n1 ,my "n is great among ! ,g5tiles2 & 9 e place !re is sacrifice1 & !re is (f]$ to ,my "n a clean oblation2 = ,my "n is great among ! ,g5tiles1 sai? ! ,"l ( ,ho/s407#eg7 ,:5 our ,savior gave commission to 8 ,apo/les ,he assign$ to !m ! :ole _w z ! !atre ( _! labors1 & ! entire human race1 )\t reg>d to language1 color1 or nationality1 z ! audi5ce to :om !y 7 to prea*4 ,unlike ! religion ( ! ,jewi% p1 :i* 0 national1 or t ( ! ,mohamm$ans1 :i* is local1 ! ,ca?olic religion 0 to be cosmopolitan1 embrac+ all nations & all c\ntries4 ,?is is evid5t f ! foll[+ passages3 8,g ye1 !re=e1 & tea* all nations407#eh7 8,g ye into ! :ole _w1 & prea* ! ,gospel to e creature407#ei7 8,ye %all be witnesses unto ,me 9 ,j]usalem1 & 9 all ,judea1 & ,sam>ia1 & ev5 to ! utt]mo/ "p ( ! e>?407#fj7 ,^! prophecies decl>+ t ! ,*ur* 0 to be _w-wide & to embrace ev5 ! ,g5tile nations may n /rike u today z especially rem>kable1 accu/om$ z we are n[ to meet ) ,*ri/ian civilization ev]y:]e1 & to see ! nations ( ! _w b\nd s closely toge!r by social & comm]cial relations4 ,b we mu/ rememb] t :5 !y 7 utt]$ ! true ,god 0 kn[n & ador$ only 9 an obscure1 almo/ isolat$1 corn] ( ! e>?1 :ile triumphant idolatry 0 ! o!rwise univ]sal religion ( ! _w4 ,! prophecies 7 fulfill$4 ,! ,apo/les scatt]$ !mselves ov] ! surface ( ! e>?1 prea*+ ! ,gospel ( ,*ri/4 8,_! s\nd10 says ,/4 ,paul1 8w5t ov] all ! e>? & _! words unto ! ends ( ! :ole _w407#fa7 ,)9 ?irty ye>s aft] our ,savior's ,crucifixion ! ,apo/le ( ! ,g5tiles 0 able to say to ! ,romans3 8,i give ?anks to my ,god ?r\gh ,jesus ,*ri/ because y\r fai? is spok5 ( 9 ! entire _w07#fb7--spok5 ( assur$ly by ^? :o 7 9 sympa?y & communion ) ! fai? ( ! ,romans4 ,/4 ,ju/91 ,m>tyr1 0 able to say1 ab\t "o hundr$ ye>s aft] ,*ri/1 t !re 0 no race ( m51 :e!r ,b>b>ians or ,greeks1 or any o!r p ( :at "n soev]1 among :om ! "n ( ,jesus ,*ri/ 0 n invok$4 ,/4 ,ir5aeus1 writ+ at ! end ( ! second c5tury1 tells u t ! religion s m>vel\sly propagat$ ?r\gh\t ! :ole _w 0 n a vague1 ev]-*ang+ =m ( ,*ri/ianity1 b t 8?is fai? & doctr9e & tradition prea*$ ?r\gh\t ! globe is z uni=m z if ! ,*ur* consi/$ ( "o family1 possess+ "o s\l1 "o he>t1 & z if %e _h b "o m\?4 ,=1 ?\gh ! languages ( ! _w are dissimil>1 h] doctr9e is ! same4 ,! *ur*es f\nd$ 9 ,g]many1 9 ! ,celtic nations1 9 ! ,ea/ 9 ,egypt1 9 ,lybia1 & 9 ! c5tres ( civilization1 d n diff] f ea* o!r2 b z ! sun gives ! same light ?r\gh\t ! _w1 s does ! light ( fai? %9e ev]y:]e ! same & enlight5 all m5 :o wi% to come to ! k ( ! tru?407#fc7 8,we are b ( ye/]day10 says ,t]tullian1 8& already h we fill$ y\r cities1 t[ns1 isl&s1 y\r c\ncil halls & camps 444 ! palace1 s5ate1 =um2 we h left y only ! temples407#fd7 ,clem5t ( ,alex&ria1 at ! end ( ! second c5tury1 writes3 8,! ^w ( our ,ma/] did n rema9 9 ,judea1 z philosophy rema9$ 9 ,greece1 b has be5 p\r$ out ov] ! :ole _w1 p]suad+ ,greeks & ,b>b>ians alike1 race by race1 village by village1 e city1 :ole h\ses & he>]s "o by "o--nay1 n a few ( ! philosoph]s !mselves40 ,& ,orig51 9 ! e>ly "p ( ! next c5tury1 obs]ves3 8,9 all ,greece1 & 9 all b>b>\s races )9 our _w1 !re are t5s ( ?\s&s :o h left _! national law & cu/om>y gods = ! law ( ,moses & ! ,^w ( ,jesus ,*ri/1 ?\gh to adh]e to t law is to incur ! hatr$ ( idolat]s & ! risk ( dea? besides to h embrac$ t ,^w2 & consid]+ h[1 9 s few ye>s1 9 spite ( ! attack made on u1 ev5 to ! loss ( life or prop]ty1 & ) no great /ore ( tea*]s1 ! prea*+ ( t ,^w has f\nd its way into e "p ( ! _w1 s t ,greek & ,b>b>ian1 wise & unwise1 adh]e to ! religion ( ,jesus1 d\btless x is a "w great] ?an any "w ( man40 ,?is ,ca?olicity1 or univ]sality1 is n to be f\nd 9 any1 or 9 all1 ( ! comb9$ communions sep>at$ f ! ,roman ,ca?olic ,*ur*4 ,! ,s*ismatic *ur*es ( ! ,ea/ h no claim to ?is title because !y are conf9$ )9 ! ,turki% & ,russian dom9ions1 & numb] n m ?an sixty million s\ls4 ,! ,prote/ant *ur*es1 ev5 tak5 collectively1 7z sep>ate communions !y are a m]e h&ful7 are too insignificant 9 po9t ( numb]s1 & too circumscrib$ 9 _! t]ritorial ext5t1 to h any pret5sions to ! title ( ,ca?olic4 ,all ! ,prote/ant d5om9ations are e/imat$ at sixty-five million1 or less ?an "o-fif? ( ^? :o be> ! ,*ri/ian "n4 ,!y repudiate1 moreov]1 & prote/ aga9/ ! "n ( ,ca?olic1 ?\gh !y cont9ue to say 9 ! ,apo/les' ,cre$ 8,i believe 9 ! ,holy ,ca?olic ,*ur*40 ,t ! ,roman ,ca?olic ,*ur* alone des]ves ! "n ( ,ca?olic is s evid5t t x is ridicul\s to d5y x4 ,ours is ! only ,*ur* :i* adopts ?is "n z h] (ficial title4 ,we h possession1 :i* is n9e-t5?s ( ! law4 ,we h exclusively borne ?is glori\s appellation 9 tr\bl$ times1 :5 ! assumption ( ?is v5]able title expos$ u to insult1 p]secution & dea?2 & to attempt to deprive u ( x at ?is late h\r1 w\ld be z fruitless z ! ef=ts ( ! ,fr5* ,revolutioni/s :o s\ght to uproot all traces ( ! old civilization by assign+ new names to ! days & seasons ( ! ye>4 ,passion & prejudice & bad mann]s may affix to u ! epi!ts ( ,romi% & ,papi/ & ,ultramontane1 b ! calm1 dispassionate m9d1 ( :atev] fai?1 all ! _w1 ov]1 kn[s u only by ! "n ( ,ca?olic4 ,!re is a p[] 9 ?is "n & an en?usiasm ar\s$ by x ak9 to ! patriotism awak5$ by ! flag ( "o's c\ntry4 ,s great is ! *>m atta*$ to ! "n ( ,ca?olic t a portion ( ! ,episcopal body sometimes usurp ! title ( ,ca?olic1 ?\gh 9 _! (ficial books !y are nam$ ,prote/ant ,episcopalians4 ,if !y ?9k t !y h any j claim to ! "n ( ,ca?olic1 :y n come out op5ly & write x on ! title-pages ( _! ,bibles & ,pray]-,books8 ,afraid ( go+ s f>1 !y gratify _! vanity by privately call+ !mselves ,ca?olic4 ,b ! delusion is s transp>5t t ! attempt mu/ provoke a smile ev5 among !mselves4 ,%\ld a /rang] ask !m to direct him to ! ,ca?olic ,*ur* !y w\ld in/9ctively po9t out to him ! ,roman ,ca?olic ,*ur*4 ,! sect>ians ( ! f\r? & fif? c5turies1 z ,/4 ,augu/9e tells u1 us$ to attempt ! same pi\s fraud1 b signally fail$3 8,we mu/ hold fa/ to ! ,*ri/ian religion & to ! communion ( t ,*ur* :i* is ,ca?olic1 & :i* is call$ ,ca?olic n only by ^? :o belong to h]1 b also by all h] enemies4 ,:e!r !y w x or n ! v h]etics !mselves & foll[]s ( s*ism1 :5 !y conv]se1 n ) _! own b ) outsid]s1 call t only ,ca?olic :i* is really ,ca?olic4 ,= !y _c be und]/ood unless !y di/+ui% h] by t "n1 by :i* %e is kn[n ?r\gh\t ! :ole e>?407#fe7 ,we possess n only ! "n1 b also ! reality4 ,a s+le illu/ration w suffice to exhibit 9 a /rong light ! widespread dom9ion ( ! ,ca?olic ,*ur* & h] j claims to ! title ( ,ca?olic4 ,take ! ,ecum5ical ,c\ncil ( ! ,vatican1 op5$ 9 #ahfi & presid$ ov] by ,pope ,pius ,,ix4 ,( ! ?\s& ,bi%ops & upw>ds n[ compris+ ! hi]>*y ( ! ,ca?olic ,*ur*1 ne>ly eight hundr$ att5d$ ! op5+ session1 ! re/ be+ unavoidably abs5t4 ,all p>ts ( ! habitable globe 7 repres5t$ at ! ,c\ncil4 ,! ,bi%ops assembl$ f ,great ,brita91 ,irel&1 ,france1 ,g]many1 ,switz]l& & f almo/ e nation & pr9cipality 9 ,europe4 ,!y met f ,canada1 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 ,mexico & ,s\? ,am]ica1 & f ! isl&s ( ! ,atlantic & ! ,pacific4 ,!y 7 ga!r$ toge!r f diff]5t p>ts ( ,africa & ,oceanica4 ,!y w5t f ! banks ( ! ,tigris & ,euphrates1 ! cradle ( ! human race1 & f ! banks ( ! ,jordan1 ! cradle ( ,*ri/ianity4 ,!y travel$ to ,rome f ,mossul1 built ne> anci5t ,n9eveh1 & f ,bagdad1 f\nd$ on ! ru9s ( ,babylon4 ,!y flock$ f ,damascus & ,m\nt ,libanus & f ! ,holy ,l&1 sanctifi$ by ! footpr9ts ( our bless$ ,r$eem]4 ,^? ,bi%ops belong$ to e =m ( gov]nm5t1 f ! republic to ! mo/ absolute mon>*y47#ff7 ,_! faces 7 m>k$ by almo/ e %ade & color t di/+ui%$ ! human family4 ,!y spoke e civiliz$ language "u ! sun4 ,kneel+ toge!r 9 ! same great ,c\ncil-,hall1 truly c\ld ^? ,prelates exclaim1 9 ! language ( ! ,apocalypse3 8,?\ ha/ r$eem$ u1 ,o ,"l1 to ,god 9 ,?y blood1 out ( e tribe1 & tongue1 & p1 & nation407#fg7 ,:at ! ,ca?olic ,*ur* lo/ by ! religi\s revolution ( ! sixte5? c5tury 9 ! old _w %e has m ?an rega9$ by ! imm5se accessions to h] ranks 9 ! ,ea/ & ,we/ ,indies1 9 ,nor? & ,s\? ,am]ica4 ,nev]1 9 h] long hi/ory1 0 %e num]ically s /rong z %e is at ! pres5t mom5t1 :5 h] *ildr5 am\nt to ab\t ?ree hundr$ millions1 or d\ble ! numb] ( ^? :o be> ! "n ( ,*ri/ians outside ( h] communion4 ,9 h] alone is lit]ally fulfill$ ! magnific5t prophecy ( ,mala*y2 = 9 e clime1 & 9 e nation "u ! sun1 are erect$ ?\s&s ( ,ca?olic alt>s ^u :i* ! 8clean oblation07#fh7 is daily (f]$ up to ! ,mo/ ,high4 ,x is said1 ) tru?1 t ! sun nev] sets on ,briti% dom9ions4 ,x may also be affirm$1 ) equal assurance1 t :]ev] ! ,briti% drum-beat s\nds1 aye1 & :]ev] ! ,engli% language is spok51 !re y w f9d ! ,engli%-speak+ ,ca?olic ,mission>y plant+ ! cross--! symbol ( salvation--side by side ) ! bann] ( ,/4 ,george4 ,q rec5tly a numb] ( ,european emigrants arriv$ 9 ,ri*mond4 ,!y 7 /rang]s to our c\ntry1 to our cu/oms & to our language4 ,e object t met _! eye sadly rem9d$ !m t !y 7 f> f _! own sunny ,italy4 ,b :5 !y saw ! cross surm\nt+ our ,ca!dral !y ha/5$ to x ) a joyful /ep4 ,i saw & he>d a gr\p ( !m giv+ e>ne/ expression to _! deep emotions4 ,ent]+ ?is sacr$ temple1 !y felt t !y _h f\nd an oasis 9 ! des]t4 ,once m !y 7 at home4 ,!y f\nd "o famili> spot 9 a /range l&4 ,!y /ood 9 ! *ur* ( _! fa!rs1 9 ! home ( _! *ildhood2 & !y seem$ to say 9 _! he>ts1 z a te> trickl$ d[n _! sun-burnt *eeks1 8,h[ lovely are ?y tab]nacles1 ,o ,"l ( ,ho/s6 ,my s\l longe? & fa9te? = ! c\rts ( ! ,"l4 ,my he>t & my fle% h rejoic$ 9 ! liv+ ,god407#fi7 ,!y saw ar\nd !m ! pa9t+s ( famili> ,sa9ts :om !y _h be5 accu/om$ to rev]5ce f _! y\?4 ,!y saw ! baptismal font & ! confessionals4 ,!y beheld ! alt> & ! alt>-rails :]e !y receiv$ _! ,mak]4 ,!y obs]v$ ! ,prie/ at ! alt> 9 8 sacr$ ve/m5ts4 ,!y saw a multitude ( wor%ip]s kneel+ ar\nd !m1 & !y felt 9 _! he>t ( he>ts t !y 7 once m among bro!rs & si/]s1 ) :om !y _h 8"o ,"l1 "o fai?1 "o baptism1 "o ,god & ,fa!r ( all40 ,ev]y:]e a ,ca?olic is at home4 ,secret societies1 ( :atev] "n1 =m b a weak & c\nt]feit bond ( union comp>$ ) ! g5u9e fell[%ip creat$ by ,ca?olic fai?1 hope & *>ity4 ,! ,roman ,ca?olic ,*ur*1 !n1 exclusively m]its ! title ( ,ca?olic1 because h] *ildr5 ab\nd 9 e "p ( ! globe & comprise ! va/ majority ( ! ,*ri/ian family4 ,god =bid t ,i %\ld write ^! l9es1 or t my ,ca?olic read]s %\ld p]use !m 9 a boa/+ & vaunt+ _s4 ,god e/imates m5 n by _! numb]s1 b by _! intr9sic wor?4 ,x is no cr$it to u to belong to ! body ( ! ,*ur* ,ca?olic if we are n unit$ to ! s\l ( ! ,*ur* by a life ( fai?1 hope & *>ity4 ,x w avail u no?+ to be citiz5s ( t ,k+dom ( ,*ri/ :i* encircles ! globe1 unless ! ,k+dom ( ,god is )9 u by ! reign ( ! ,holy ,_s 9 our he>ts4 ,"o righte\s s\l t reflects ! beauty & p]fections ( ! ,"l1 is m preci\s 9 ,8 sight ?an ! mass ( humanity t has no spiritual life1 & is dead to ! inspirations ( grace4 ,! ,patri>* ,abraham 0 de>] to ,jehovah ?an all ! inhabitants ( ! corrupt city ( ,sodom4 ,elias 0 ( great] wor? be=e ! ,almighty ?an ! f\r hundr$ prophets ( ,baal :o ate at ! table ( ,jezabel4 ,! ,apo/les ) ! little b& ( disciples t 7 assembl$ 9 ,j]usalem aft] our ,"l's asc5sion1 7 m e/eem$ by ,him ?an ! great ,roman ,empire1 :i* 0 seat$ 9 d>kness & ! %ad[ ( dea?4 ,:ile we rejoice1 !n1 9 ! ine/imable bless+ ( be+ incorporat$ 9 ! visible body ( ! ,ca?olic ,*ur*1 ^: spiritual treasures are inexhau/ible1 let u rejoice /ill m t we h n receiv$ t bless+ 9 va94 ,*apt] ,v4 ,,apo/olicity4 ,! true ,*ur* mu/ be ,apo/olical4 ,h5ce 9 ! ,cre$ fram$ 9 ! fir/ ,ecum5ical ,c\ncil ( ,nica1 9 ! ye> #cbe1 we f9d ^! words3 8,i believe 9 ! ,"o1 ,holy1 ,ca?olic & ,apo/olic ,*ur*40 ,?is attribute or note ( ! ,*ur* implies t ! true ,*ur* mu/ always tea* ! id5tical doctr9es once deliv]$ by ! ,apo/les1 & t h] m9i/]s mu/ d]ive _! p[]s f ! ,apo/les by an un9t]rupt$ succession4 ,consequ5tly1 no *ur* c claim to be ! true "o ^: doctr9es diff] f ^? ( ! ,apo/les1 or ^: m9i/]s are unable to trace1 by an unbrok5 *a91 _! au?ority to an ,apo/olic s\rce2 j z our ,m9i/] to ,engl& c ex]cise no au?ority 9 t c\ntry unless he is duly commission$ by our ,gov]nm5t & repres5ts its views4 ,! ,*ur*1 says ,/4 ,paul1 is 8built ^u ! f\ndation ( ! ,apo/les107#gj7 s t ! doctr9e :i* x propagates mu/ be bas$ on ,apo/olic tea*+s4 ,h5ce ,/4 ,paul says to ! ,galatians3 8,?\gh an angel f heav5 prea* a ,gospel to y beside t :i* we h prea*$ to y1 let him be ana!ma407#ga7 ,! same ,apo/le gives ?is admonition to ,timo?y3 8,! ?+s :i* ?\ ha/ he>d f me be=e _m witnesses ! same comm5d to fai?ful m5 :o %all be fit to tea* o!rs also407#gb7 ,timo?y mu/ transmit to 8 disciples only su* doctr9es z he he>d f ! lips ( 8 ,ma/]4 ,n only is x requir$ t m9i/]s ( ! ,gospel %\ld con=m _! tea*+ to ! doctr9e ( ! ,apo/les1 b also t ^! m9i/]s %\ld be orda9$ & commission$ by ! ,apo/les or _! legitimate successors4 8,nei!r do? any man10 says ! ,apo/le1 8take ! honor to himself1 b he t is call$ by ,god1 z ,a>on 0407#gc7 ,?is text evid5tly condemns all self-con/itut$ prea*]s & re=m]s2 =1 8h[ %all !y prea*1 unless !y be s5t807#gd7 ,s5t1 ( c\rse1 by legitimate au?ority1 & n direct$ by _! own caprice4 ,h5ce1 we f9d t ^? :o succe$$ ! ,apo/les 7 orda9$ & commission$ by !m to prea*1 & t no o!rs 7 p]mitt$ to ex]cise ?is function4 ,?us we are told t ,paul & ,b>nabas 8_h orda9$ = !m prie/s 9 e *ur*407#ge7 ,& ! ,apo/le says to ,titus3 8,= ?is cause ,i left !e 9 ,crete1 444 t ?\ %\ld/ orda9 ,prie/s 9 e city1 z ,i also appo9t$ !e407#gf7 ,ev5 ,/4 ,paul himself1 ?\gh miracul\sly call$ & in/ruct$ by ,god1 _h h&s impos$ on him17#gg7 le/ o!rs %\ld be tempt$ by 8 example to prea* )\t ,apo/olic w>rant4 ,to discov]1 !re=e1 ! ,*ur* ( ,*ri/ among ! v>i\s conflict+ claimants we h to inquire1 fir/1 :i* *ur* tea*es :ole & entire ^? doctr9es t 7 taught by ! ,apo/les2 second1 :at m9i/]s c trace back1 9 an unbrok5 l9e1 _! mission>y p[]s to ! ,apo/les4 ,! ,ca?olic ,*ur* alone tea*es doctr9es :i* are 9 all respects id5tical ) ^? ( ! fir/ tea*]s ( ! ,gospel4 ,! foll[+ p>allel l9es exhibit "s examples ( ! dep>ture ( ! ,prote/ant bodies f ! primitive tea*+s ( ,*ri/ianity1 & ! fai?ful adhesion ( ! ,ca?olic ,*ur* to !m4 ,apo/olic ,*ur*4 ,ca?olic ,*ur*4 ,prote/ant ,*ur*es4 #a4 ,our ,savior gives ,! ,ca?olic ,*ur* ,all o!r ,*ri/ian pre-em95ce to ,pet] gives ! primacy ( communions practically ov] ! o!r honor & jurisdiction d5y ,pet]'s supremacy ,apo/les3 8,i w give to ,pet] & to 8 ov] ! o!r to !e ! keys ( ! successors4 ,apo/les4 k+dom ( heav5407#gh7 8,confirm ?y bre?r5407#gi7 8,fe$ ,my lambs2 fe$ ,my %eep407#hj7 #b4 ,! ,apo/olic ,*ur* ,! ,ca?olic ,*ur* ,all ! ,prote/ant claim$ to be alone1 ( all ! *ur*es repudiate ! infallible 9 h] ,*ri/ian communions1 claim ( infallibility4 tea*+s4 ,h5ce ! claims to ex]cise ! ,!y d5y t su* a ,apo/les spoke ) pr]ogative ( gift is possess$ by un]r+ au?ority1 & infallibility 9 h] any tea*]s ( _! words 7 tea*+4 ,h] m9i/]s religion4 ,! m9i/]s receiv$ n z human always speak f ! pron\nce no op9ions1 b z ,div9e pulpit z hav+ au?oritative tru?s4 8,:5 y h au?ority1 & ! doctr9es1 b advance receiv$ f u ! fai?ful receive ) op9ions z embody+ ^w ( ,god1 y implicit confid5ce _! private receiv$ x n z ! :at ! ,*ur* int]pretation ( ! ^w ( m51 b 7z x tea*es1 )\t once ,scripture4 ,& _! is inde$7 ! ^w ( que/ion+ h] he>]s are nev] ,god407#ha7 8,x ha? v]acity4 requir$ to believe seem$ good to ! ,holy !m1 b are expect$ ,gho/ & to u10 say to draw _! own ! assembl$ ,apo/les1 conclusions f ! 8to lay no fur!r ,bible4 burd5 ^u y ?an ^! necess>y ?+s407#hb7 8,?\gh an angel f heav5 prea* a gospel to y besides t :i* we h prea*$ to y1 let him be ana!ma407#hc7 #c4 ,our ,savior enjo9s ,! ,*ur* prescribes ,prote/ants h no law & prescribes rules fa/+ to ! fai?ful prescrib+ fa/s1 = fa/+3 8,:5 ?\ at /at$ seasons1 ?\gh "s may fa/ fa/e/1 ano9t ?y p>ticul>ly dur+ f private devotion4 head & wa% ?y face1 ,l5t4 ,a ,ca?olic prie/ ,!y ev5 try to ca/ t ?\ appe> n to is always fa/+ :5 ridicule on fa/+ z m5 to fa/ 444 & ?y he (ficiates at ! a "w ( ,fa!r1 :o see? 9 alt>4 ,he breaks 8 sup]]ogation1 secret1 w repay fa/ only aft] he says detract+ f ! !e407#hd7 ,! ,apo/les ,mass4 ,:5 ,bi%ops m]its ( ,*ri/4 fa/$ be=e engag+ orda9 ,prie/s !y are ,nei!r c&idates = 9 sacr$ functions3 always fa/+1 z well ord9ation1 nor ! 8,!y m9i/]$ to ! z ! c&idates = m9i/]s :o orda9 ,"l1 & fa/$407#he7 ord9ation4 !m1 ev] fa/ on su* 8,& :5 !y orda9$ occasions4 ,prie/s 9 e city1 !y pray$ ) fa/+407#hf7 #d4 8,let wom510 says ,! ,ca?olic ,*ur* ,wom51 especially 9 ! ,apo/le1 8keep nev] p]mits wom5 to ?is c\ntry1 publicly sil5ce 9 ! prea* 9 ! h\se ( prea* 9 ,me?odi/ & *ur*es4 ,=1 x is ,god4 o!r *ur*es ) ! n p]mitt$ !m to sanction ( ! *ur* speak 444 ,x is a %ame eld]s4 = a woman to speak 9 ! *ur*407#hg7 #e4 ,/4 ,pet] & ,/4 ,e ,ca?olic ,bi%op1 ,no d5om9ation ,john confirm$ ! z a successor ( ! p]=ms ! c]emony newly baptiz$ 9 ,apo/les1 likewise ( impos+ h&s 9 ,sam>ia3 8,!y laid imposes h&s on ?is c\ntry except h&s on !m & !y baptiz$ p]sons 9 ! ,episcopalians1 & ev5 receiv$ ! ,holy ,sacram5t ( !y d n recognize ,gho/407#hh7 ,confirmation1 by :i* ,confirmation z a !y receive ! ,holy ,sacram5t4 ,gho/4 #f4 ,our ,savior & ,8 ,! ,ca?olic ,*ur* ,! ,prote/ant *ur*es ,apo/les taught t tea*es1 ) our ,"l 7except1 p]haps1 a few ! ,eu*>i/ conta9s & ,8 ,apo/les1 t ,rituali/s7 condemn ! ! ,body & ,blood ( ! ,eu*>i/ conta9s doctr9e ( ! ,real ,*ri/3 8,take ye1 & really & inde$ ! ,pres5ce z idolatr\s1 eat2 ?is is ,my ,body & ,blood ( ,jesus & say t1 9 ,body4444 ,dr9k ye all ,*ri/ "u ! p>tak+ ( ! ( ?is1 = ?is is my appe>ance ( bread & communion1 we receive a ,blood407#hi7 8,! w9e4 memorial ( ,*ri/4 *alice ( b5$iction :i* we bless1 is x n ! communion ( ! ,blood ( ,*ri/2 & ! bread :i* we break1 is x n ! p>ticipation ( ! ,body ( ! ,"l807#ij7 #g4 ,! ,apo/les 7 ,! ,bi%ops & ,prie/s ,prote/ants affirm1 on emp[]$ by our ,savior ( ! ,ca?olic ,*ur*1 ! contr>y1 t ,god to =give s9s3--8,^: z ! inh]itors ( delegates to no man ! s9s ye %all =give1 ,apo/olic pr]ogatives1 p[] ( p>don+ s94 !y are =giv5407#ia7 pr(ess to ex]cise ! 8,god10 says ,/4 ,paul1 m9i/ry ( 8ha? giv5 to u ! reconciliation1 & to m9i/ry ( =give s9s 9 ! reconciliation407#ib7 "n ( ,*ri/4 #h4 ,reg>d+ ! sick1 ,"o ( ! mo/ ,no su* c]emony z ,/4 ,james gives ?is ord9>y duties ( a t ( ano9t+ ! in/ruction3 8,is any ,ca?olic ,prie/ is to sick is practis$ by man sick among y1 let ano9t ! sick 9 ! any ,prote/ant him br+ 9 ! ,sacram5t ( ,extreme d5om9ation1 prie/s ( ! ,*ur*1 ,unction4 ,if a man is not)/&+ ! & let !m pray ov] sick among u he is ,apo/le's injunction4 him1 ano9t+ him ) c>eful to call 9 ! oil 9 ! "n ( ! ,prie/ ( ! ,*ur*1 ,"l407#ic7 t he may ano9t him ) oil 9 ! "n ( ! ,"l4 #i4 ,( m>riage our ,lit]ally foll[+ ! ,! ,prote/ant ,savior says3 8,:oev] ,apo/le's injunction1 *ur*es1 z is well %all put away 8 wife ! ,ca?olic ,*ur* kn[n1 h s f> & m>ry ano!r =bids ! husb& & relax$ ?is rigor\s committe? adult]y wife to sep>ate f law ( ! ,gospel z to aga9/ h]4 ,& if ! "o ano!r2 or1 if all[ divorc$ p]sons wife %all put away h] !y sep>ate1 nei!r to rem>ry4 ,& divorce husb& & be m>ri$ ( !m c m>ry aga9 a v9culo is grant$ to ano!r %e dur+ ! life ( ! on v>i\s & ev5 committe? o!r4 trifl+ pret5ses4 adult]y407#id7 ,& aga9 ,/4 ,paul says3 8,to !m t are m>ri$ 444 ! ,"l comm&e? t ! wife dep>t n f h] husb&1 & if %e dep>t t %e rema9 unm>ri$4444 ,& let n ! husb& put away 8 wife407#ie7 #aj4 ,our ,"l recomm5ds ,l ! ,apo/le & ,all ! m9i/]s ( n only by ^w1 b 8 ,ma/]1 ! o!r d5om9ations1 by ,8 example1 to ,ca?olic cl]gy b9d ) v r>e s\ls aim+ at !mselves to a life ( exceptions1 m>ry4 ,& p]fection1 ! /ate p]petual *a/ity4 ,! f> f inculcat+ ( p]petual virg9ity4 inmates ( our conv5ts ! ,apo/olic c\nsel ,/4 ,paul also exhorts ( m5 & wom5 ( celibacy to any ( ! ,cor9?ians by volunt>ily consecrate _! flock1 !y m c\nsel & 8 own _! virg9ity to ,god4 ?an ins9uate t ! example to ! same virtue ( p]petual angelic virtue3 8,he *a/ity1 ?\gh t give? 8 virg9 recomm5d$ by ,/4 9 m>riage10 he says1 ,paul1 is impracticable4 8doe? well4 ,& he t give? h] n doe? bett]407#if7 ,we n[ leave ! read] to judge = himself :i* ,*ur* en=ces ! doctr9es ( ! ,apo/les 9 all _! pri/9e vigor4 ,to %[ t ! ,ca?olic ,*ur* is ! only l9eal desc5dant ( ! ,apo/les x is suffici5t to demon/rate t %e alone c trace h] p$igree1 g5]ation aft] g5]ation1 to ! ,apo/les1 :ile ! orig9 ( all o!r ,*ri/ian communities c be ref]r$ to a comp>atively mod]n date4 ,! mo/ influ5tial ,*ri/ian sects exi/+ 9 ?is c\ntry at ! pres5t "t are ! ,lu!rans1 ,episcopalians1 ,me?odi/s1 ,presbyt]ians & ,bapti/s4 ,! o!r ,prote/ant d5om9ations are comp>atively insignificant 9 po9t ( numb]s1 & are = ! mo/ "p (f%oots f ! ,*ri/ian communities j nam$4 ,m>t9 ,lu!r1 a ,saxon monk1 0 ! f\nd] ( ! *ur* :i* be>s 8 "n4 ,he 0 born at ,eisleb51 9 ,saxony1 9 #adhc1 & di$ 9 #aedf4 ,! ,anglican or ,episcopal ,*ur* owes its orig9 to ,h5ry ,,viii4 ( ,engl&4 ,! imm$iate cause ( 8 r5unciation ( ! ,roman ,*ur* 0 ! refusal ( ,pope ,clem5t to grant him a divorce f 8 lawful wife1 ,ca?>9e ( ,aragon1 t he might be free to be jo9$ 9 w$lock to ,anne ,boleyn4 ,9 ord] to legalize 8 divorce f 8 virtu\s que5 ! lic5ti\s mon>* divorc$ himself & 8 k+dom f ! spiritual supremacy ( ! ,pope4 8,!re is a close relation%ip10 says ,d',aubign1 8betwe5 ^! two divorces10 mean+ ,h5ry's divorce f 8 wife & ,engl&'s divorce f ! ,*ur*4 ,yes1 !re is ! relation%ip ( cause & effect4 ,bi%op ,%ort1 an ,anglican hi/orian1 c&idly admits t 8! exi/5ce ( ! ,*ur* ( ,engl& z a di/9ct body1 & h] f9al sep>ation f ,rome1 may be dat$ f ! p]iod ( ! divorce407#ig7 ,! ,book ( ,homilies1 9 ! language ( fulsome praise1 calls ,h5ry 8! true & fai?ful m9i/]10 & gives him ! cr$it = hav+ aboli%$ 9 ,engl& ! ,papal supremacy & e/abli%$ ! new ord] ( ?+s47#ih7 ,john ,wesley is ! ackn[l$g$ f\nd] ( ! ,me?odi/ ,*ur*4 ,me?odism dates f ! ye> #agbi1 & its cradle 0 ! ,ox=d ,univ]sity 9 ,engl&4 ,john & ,*>les ,wesley 7 /ud5ts at ,ox=d4 ,!y ga!r$ ar\nd !m a numb] ( "y m5 :o devot$ !mselves to ! frequ5t read+ ( ! ,holy ,scriptures & to pray]4 ,_! me?odical & exact mode ( life obta9$ = !m ! "n ( ,me?odi/s4 ,! ,me?odi/ ,*ur* 9 ?is c\ntry is ! (fspr+ ( a colony s5t hi!r f ,engl&4 ,z x w\ld be t$i\s to give ev5 a succ9ct hi/ory ( ea* sect1 ,i %all cont5t myself ) pres5t+ a tabul> /atem5t exhibit+ ! "n & f\nd] ( ea* d5om9ation1 ! place & date ( its orig91 & ! names ( ! au?ors f :om ,i quote4 ,my au?orities 9 e in/ance are ,prote/ants4 ,"n ( ,place ,f\nd]4 ,ye>4 ,au?ority ,sect4 ( ,quot$4 ,orig94 ,anabapti/s ,g]many ,nicolas #aeba ,v9c5t ,/ork ,l4 ,miln]1 8,religi\s ,d5om9ations40 ,bapti/s ,rhode ,rog] #afci 8,! ,book ( ,isl& ,williams ,religions0 by ,john ,hayw>d4 ,free-,w ,new ,b5j4 #aghj ,ibid4 ,bapti/s ,hamp%ire ,r&all ,free ,new ,york ,b5ijah ,close ,rev4 ,a4 ,d4 ,communion ,corp ( ,williams 9 ,bapti/s #ah? 8,hi/ory ( all c5tury ,d5om9ations40 ,sev5?-,day ,unit$ ,g5]al #ahcc ,w4 ,b4 ,gillett1 ,bapti/s ,/ates ,conf]5ce ,ibid4 ,campbellites1 ,virg9ia ,alex4 #ahac 8,book ( or ,campbell ,religions40 ,*ri/ians ,me?odi/ ,engl& ,john #agci ,rev4 ,na?an ,episcopal ,wesley ,bangs 9 8,hi/ory ( all ,d5om9ations40 ,re=m$ ,v]mont ,bran* ( #ahad ,ibid4 ,me?odi/ ! ,me?4 ,episcopal ,*ur* ,me?odi/ ,new ,york ,d4 #ahbj ,rev4 ,w4 ,m4 ,society ,/ilwell1 ,ibid4 ,me?odi/ ,baltimore ,d4 #ahcj ,james ,r4 ,prote/ant ,williams1 ,ibid4 ,true ,wesleyan ,new ,york ,delegates #ahdc ,j4 ,timb]man1 ,me?odi/ f ,ibid4 ,me?odi/ d5om9ations ,presbyt]ian ,scotl& ,g5]al #aefj ,john ,m4 ,krebs1 7,old ,s*ool7 ,assembly ,ibid4 ,presbyt]ian ,philadelphia ,g5]al #ahdj ,joel ,p>k]1 ,d4 7,new ,s*ool7 ,assembly ,d41 ,ibid4 ,episcopalian ,engl& ,h5ry ,,viii #aecd ,macaulay & o!r ,engli% ,hi/orians4 ,lu!ran ,g]many ,m>t9 ,lu!r #aebd ,s4 ,s4 ,s*muck] 9 8,hi/ory ( all ,d5om9ations40 ,unit>ian ,g]many ,celatius ,ab\t ,alvan ,lamson1 ,congrega- #aedj ,ibid4 tionali/s ,congrega- ,engl& ,rob]t ,br[ne #aehc ,e4 ,w4 ,&rews1 tionali/s ,ibid4 ,quak]s ,engl& ,george ,fox #afdg ,engli% ,hi/orians4 ,d ,am]ica ,william ,p5n #afha ,am]ican ,hi/orians4 ,ca?olic ,j]usalem ,jesus #cc ,new ,te/am5t4 ,*ur* ,f ?is brief hi/orical tableau we f9d t all ! ,*ri/ian sects n[ exi/+ 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates _h _! orig9 s9ce ! ye> #aejj4 ,consequ5tly1 ! olde/ body ( ,*ri/ians among u1 outside ! ,ca?olic ,*ur*1 is n yet f\r c5turies old4 ,!y all1 !re=e1 come fifte5 c5turies too late to h any pret5sions to be call$ ! ,apo/olic ,*ur*4 ,b ,i may be told3 8,?\gh our public hi/ory z ,prote/ants dates f ! ,re=mation1 we c trace our orig9 back to ! ,apo/les40 ,?is ,i say is impossible4 ,fir/ ( all1 ! v "n y be> betrays y\r rec5t bir?2 = :o ev] he>d ( a ,bapti/ or an ,episcopal1 or any o!r ,prote/ant *ur*1 prior to ! ,re=mation8 ,nor c y say3 8,we exi/$ 9 e age z an invisible *ur*40 ,y\r concealm5t1 inde$1 0 s complete t no man c tell1 to ?is day1 :]e y lay hid = sixte5 c5turies4 ,b ev5 if y did exi/ y c\ld n claim to be ! ,*ur* ( ,*ri/2 = our ,"l pr$ict$ t ,8 ,*ur* %\ld ev] be z a city plac$ ^u ! m\nta9 top1 t all might see x1 & t its m9i/]s %\ld prea* ! tru?s ( salvation f ! wat*-t[]s !re(1 t all might he> !m4 ,x is equally 9 va9 to tell me t y 7 alli$ 9 fai? to ! v>i\s ,*ri/ian sects t w5t out f ! ,ca?olic ,*ur* f age to age2 = ^! sects proclaim$ doctr9es diametrically oppos$ to "o ano!r1 & ! true ,*ur* mu/ be "o 9 fai?4 ,& besides1 ! less relation%ip y claim ) _m ( ^! sec$]s ! bett] = y1 z !y all advocat$ errors aga9/ ,*ri/ian tru?1 & "s ( !m dissem9at$ pr9ciples at v>iance ) dec5cy & morality4 ,! ,ca?olic ,*ur*1 on ! contr>y1 c easily v9dicate ! title ( ,apo/olic1 because %e d]ives h] orig9 f ! ,apo/les4 ,e ,prie/ & ,bi%op c trace 8 g5ealogy to ! fir/ disciples ( ,*ri/ ) z mu* facility z ! mo/ remote bran* ( a v9e c be trac$ to ! ma9 /em4 ,all ! ,ca?olic ,cl]gy 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 = in/ance1 7 orda9$ only by ,bi%ops :o are 9 active communion ) ! ,see ( ,rome4 ,^! ,bi%ops !mselves receiv$ _! commissions f ! ,bi%op ( ,rome4 ,! pres5t ,bi%op ( ,rome1 ,pius ,,ix41 is ! successor ( ,gregory ,,xvi41 :o succe$$ ,pius ,,viii41 :o 0 ! successor ( ,leo ,,xii4 ,& ?us we g back f c5tury to c5tury till we come to ,pet]1 ! fir/ ,bi%op ( ,rome1 ,pr9ce ( ! ,apo/les & ,vic> ( ,*ri/4 ,l ! ,evangeli/ ,luke1 :o traces ! g5ealogy ( our ,savior back to ,adam & to ,god1 we c trace ! p$igree ( ,pius ,,ix4 to ,pet] & to ,*ri/4 ,!re is n a l9k want+ 9 ! *a9 :i* b9ds ! humble/ ,prie/ 9 ! l& to ! ,pr9ce ( ! ,apo/les4 ,& al?\gh on a few occasions !re happ5$ to be two or ev5 ?ree claimants = ! *air ( ,pet]1 ^! c\nt]-claims c\ld no m affect ! validity ( ! legitimate ,pope ?an ! /ruggle ( two conte/ants = ! ,presid5cy c\ld invalidate ! title ( ! recogniz$ ,*ief ,magi/rate4 ,x 0 by pursu+ ?is l9e ( argum5t t ! e>ly ,fa!rs demon/rat$ ! ,apo/olicity ( ! ,ca?olic ,*ur*1 & refut$ ! pret5sions ( contempor>y sect>ies4 ,/4 ,ir5u1 ,t]tullian & ,/4 ,augu/9e give catalogues ( ! ,bi%ops ( ,rome :o fl\ri%$ up to _! respective times1 ) :om x 0 _! happ9ess to be 9 communion1 & !n !y *all5g$ _! oppon5ts to trace _! l9eage to ! ,apo/olic ,see4 8,let !m10 says ,t]tullian1 9 ! second c5tury1 8produce ! orig9 ( _! *ur*4 ,let !m exhibit ! succession ( _! ,bi%ops1 s t ! fir/ ( !m may appe> to h be5 orda9$ by an ,apo/le1 or by an apo/olic man :o 0 9 communion ) ! ,apo/les407#ii7 ,& if ! ,fa!rs ( ! fif? c5tury consid]$ x a p[]ful argum5t 9 _! favor t !y c\ld ref] to an un9t]rupt$ l9e ( fifty ,bi%ops :o occupi$ ! ,see ( ,rome1 h[ mu* /rong] is ! argum5t to u :o c n[ exhibit five times t numb] ( ,roman ,pontiffs :o h sat 9 ! *air ( ,pet]6 ,i w\ld affectionately repeat to my sep>at$ bre?r5 :at ,augu/9e said to ! ,donati/s ( 8 "t3 8,come to u1 bre?r5 if y wi% to be engraft$ 9 ! v9e4 ,we are afflict$ 9 behold+ y ly+ cut (f f x4 ,c\nt ov] ! ,bi%ops f ! v ,see ( ,/4 ,pet]1 & m>k1 9 ?is li/ ( ,fa!rs1 h[ "o succe$$ ! o!r4 ,?is is ! rock aga9/ :i* ! pr\d gates ( hell d n prevail407#ajj7 ,*apt] ,,vi4 ,,p]petuity ,,( ,,! ,,*ur*4 ,p]petuity1 or duration till ! end ( "t1 is "o ( ! mo/ /rik+ m>ks ( ! ,*ur*4 ,by p]petuity is n meant m]ely t ,*ri/ianity 9 "o =m or ano!r 0 always to exi/1 b t ! ,*ur* 0 to rema9 =ev] 9 its integrity1 clo!d ) all ^? attributes :i* ,god gave x 9 ! beg9n+4 ,=1 if ! ,*ur* lo/ any ( h] ess5tial *>act]i/ics1 su* z h] unity & sanctity1 :i* our ,"l imp>t$ to h] at ! comm5cem5t ( h] exi/5ce1 %e c\ld n be said to be p]petual because %e w\ld n be ! same ,in/itution4 ,! unceas+ duration ( ! ,*ur* ( ,*ri/ is frequ5tly =etold 9 ,sacr$ ,scripture4 ,! ,angel ,gabriel ann\nces to ,m>y t ,*ri/ 8%all reign ov] ! h\se ( ,jacob =ev]1 & ( 8 k+dom !re %all be no end407#aja7 ,our ,savior said to ,pet]3 8,?\ art ,pet]1 & ^u ?is rock ,i w build ,my ,*ur*1 & ! gates ( hell %all n prevail aga9/ x407#ajb7 ,our bless$ ,"l cle>ly intimates "h t ! ,*ur* is de/9$ to be assail$ always1 b to be ov]come1 nev]4 ,9 ! la/ words record$ ( our ,r$eem] 9 ! ,gospel ( ,/4 ,mat!w ! same pr$iction is /rongly repeat$1 & ! reason ( ! ,*ur*'s indefectibility is fully express$3 8,g ye1 tea* all nations1 444 & behold ,i am ) y all days1 ev5 to ! consummation ( ! _w407#ajc7 ,?is s5t5ce conta9s ?ree important decl>ations3 ,fir/--,! pres5ce ( ,*ri/ ) ,8 ,*ur*--8,behold1 ,i am ) y40 ,second--,8 con/ant pres5ce1 )\t an int]val ( "o day's abs5ce--8,i am ) y all days40 ,?ird--,8 p]petual pres5ce to ! end ( ! _w1 & consequ5tly ! p]petual duration ( ! ,*ur*--8,ev5 to ! consummation ( ! _w40 ,h5ce x foll[s t ! true ,*ur* mu/ h exi/$ f ! beg9n+2 x mu/ h _h n "o day's int]val ( susp5d$ animation1 or sep>ation f ,*ri/1 & mu/ live to ! end ( "t4 ,none ( ! ,*ri/ian ,communions outside ! ,ca?olic ,*ur* c h any reasonable claim to ,p]petuity1 s9ce1 z we h se5 9 ! prec$+ *apt]1 !y are all7#ajd7 ( rec5t orig94 ,! inde/ructibility ( ! ,ca?olic ,*ur* is truly m>vell\s & well calculat$ to excite ! admiration ( e reflect+ m9d1 :5 we consid] ! numb] & v>iety1 & ! =midable p[] ( ! enemies ) :om %e _h to cont5d f h] v bir? to ! pres5t "t2 ?is fact alone /amps div9ity on h] br[4 ,! ,*ur* has be5 con/antly engag$ 9 a d\ble w>f>e1 "o =eign1 ! o!r dome/ic--9 =eign w> aga9/ ,paganism & infidelity2 9 civil /rife aga9/ h]esy & s*ism fom5t$ by h] own rebelli\s *ildr54 ,f ! day ( ,p5teco/ till ! victory ( ,con/ant9e ! ,great ov] ,max5tius1 embrac+ a p]iod ( ab\t two hundr$ & eighty ye>s1 ! ,*ur* und]w5t a s]ies ( t5 p]secutions unp>allel$ = atrocity 9 ! annals ( hi/ory4 ,e torture t malice c\ld inv5t 0 resort$ to1 t e ve/ige ( ,*ri/ianity might be eradicat$4 8,*ri/ianos ad leones10 ! ,*ri/ians to ! lions1 0 ! popul> w>-cry4 ,!y 7 clo!d 9 ! sk9s ( wild bea/s1 & ?us expos$ to be dev\r$ by dogs4 ,!y 7 cov]$ ) pit* & set on fire to s]ve z lamp-po/s to ! /reets ( ,rome4 ,to ju/ify su* atrocities1 & to smo!r all s5tim5ts ( compassion1 ^! p]secutors accus$ _! innoc5t victims ( ! mo/ appall+ crimes4 ,= ?ree c5turies ! ,*ri/ians 7 oblig$ to wor%ip ,god 9 ! secrecy ( _! *amb]s1 or 9 ! ,roman catacombs1 :i* are /ill pres]v$ to atte/ ! undy+ =titude ( ! m>tyrs & ! enormity ( _! suff]+s4 ,& yet ,pagan ,rome1 be=e ^: /&>d ! mightie/ nations quail$1 0 unable to cru% ! infant ,*ur* or arre/ h] progress4 ,9 a %ort "t we f9d ?is colossal ,empire go+ to pieces1 & ! ,head ( ! ,ca?olic ,*ur* disp5s+ laws to ,*ri/5dom 9 ! v city f :i* ! imp]ial ,cs>s _h promulgat$ _! edicts aga9/ ,*ri/ianity6 ,dur+ ! fif? & six? c5turies ! ,go?s & ,v&als1 ! ,huns1 ,visigo?s1 ,lomb>ds & o!r imm5se tribes ( ,b>b>ians came d[n l a torr5t f ! ,nor?1 invad+ ! faire/ portions ( ,s\!rn ,europe4 ,!y dismemb]$ ! ,roman ,empire & swept away ne>ly e trace ( ! old ,roman civilization4 ,!y plund]$ cities1 level$ *ur*es & left ru9 & desolation aft] !m4 ,yet1 ?\gh conqu]+ = a:ile1 !y 7 conqu]$ 9 turn by submitt+ to ! sweet yoke ( ! ,gospel4 ,& ?us1 z ev5 ! infidel ,gibbon obs]ves1 8,! progress ( ,*ri/ianity has be5 m>k$ by two glori\s & decisive victories ov] ! le>n$ & luxuri\s citiz5s ( ! ,roman ,empire & ov] ! w>like ,b>b>ians ( ,scy?ia & ,g]many1 :o subv]t$ ! empire & embrac$ ! religion ( ! ,romans407#aje7 ,moham$anism took its rise 9 ! sev5? c5tury 9 ,arabia1 & made rapid conque/s 9 ,asia4 ,9 ! fifte5? c5tury ,con/ant9ople 0 captur$ by ! foll[]s ( ! false prophet1 :o ev5 ?reat5$ to subject all ,europe to _! sway4 ,= n9e c5turies ,moham$anism cont9u$ to be a /&+ m5ace to *ri/5dom1 till ! f9al issue came :5 x 0 to be decid$ once = all :e!r ,*ri/ianity & civilization on ! "o h&1 or ,moham$anism & infidelity on ! o!r1 %\ld rule ! de/9ies ( ,europe & ! _w4 ,at ! e>ne/ solicitation ( ! ,pope1 ! k+dom ( ,spa9 & ! republic ( ,v5ice =m$ an (f5sive league aga9/ ! ,turks1 :o 7 signally defeat$ 9 ! battle ( ,lepanto1 9 #aega4 ,& if ! ,cross1 in/ead ( ! ,cresc5t1 surm\nts ! cities ( ,europe today1 x is indebt$ = ?is priceless bless+ to ! vigilance ( ! ,roman ,pontiffs4 ,ano!r adv]s>y m =midable & dang]\s ?an ^? ,i h m5tion$ ?reat5$ ! ov]?r[ ( ! ,*ur* 9 ! f\r? & fif? c5turies4 ,i speak ( ! great h]esy ( ,arius1 :i* 0 foll[$ by ^? ( ,ne/orius & ,euty*es4 ,! ,arian s*ism1 soon aft] its rise1 spread rapidly ?r\gh ,europe1 ,nor!rn ,africa & portions ( ,asia4 ,x receiv$ ! support ( imm5se multitudes1 & fl\ri%$ = a:ile "u ! fo/]+ c>e ( sev]al successive emp]ors4 ,ca?olic ,bi%ops 7 bani%$ f _! sees1 & _! places 7 fill$ by ,arian intrud]s4 ,! ,*ur* :i* surviv$ ! sword ( ,paganism seem$ = a:ile to yield to ! poison ( ,arianism4 ,b aft] a %ort c>e] ( prosp]ity ?is gigantic sect became weak5$ by inte/9e divisions1 & 0 f9ally swept away by o!r errors :i* came foll[+ 9 its foot/eps4 ,y are already famili> ) ! great religi\s revolution ( ! sixte5? c5tury1 :i* spread l a tornado ov] ,nor!rn ,europe & ?reat5$1 if t 7 possible1 to engulf ! b>k ( ,pet]4 ,m ?an half ( ,g]many foll[$ ! new ,gospel ( ,m>t9 ,lu!r4 ,switz]l& submitt$ to ! doctr9es ( ,zu+lius4 ,! fai? 0 lo/ 9 ,sw$5 ?r\gh ! influ5ce ( its k+1 ,gu/avus ,vasa4 ,d5m>k con=m$ to ! new cre$ ?r\gh ! intrigues ( ,k+ ,*ri/ian ,,ii4 ,ca?olicity 0 also cru%$ out 9 ,norway1 ,engl& & ,scotl&4 ,calv9ism 9 ! sixte5? c5tury & ,voltaireism 9 ! eighte5? _h ga9$ su* a foo?old 9 ,france t ! fai? ( t glori\s ,ca?olic nation twice trembl$ 9 ! balance4 ,irel& alone1 ( all ! nations ( ,nor!rn ,europe1 rema9$ fai?ful to ! anci5t ,*ur*4 ,let u n[ calmly survey ! field aft] ! d9 & smoke ( battle h pass$ away4 ,let u exam9e ! condition ( ! old ,*ur* aft] hav+ pass$ ?r\gh ^? deadly conflicts4 ,we see h] num]ically /rong] today ?an at any previ\s p]iod ( h] hi/ory4 ,! losses %e su/a9$ 9 ! old _w are m ?an comp5sat$ by h] acquisitions 9 ! new4 ,%e has already recov]$ a good portion ( ! gr\nd wre/$ f h] 9 ! sixte5? c5tury4 ,%e numb]s n[ ab\t ?ree hundr$ million adh]5ts4 ,%e exi/s today n an effete in/itution1 b 9 all ! integrity & fulness ( life1 ) h] organism unimpair$1 m unit$1 m compact & m vigor\s ?an ev] %e 0 be=e4 ,! s-call$ ,re=mation ( ! sixte5? c5tury be>s _m po9ts ( resemblance to ! great ,arian h]esy4 ,bo? s*isms orig9at$ ) ,prie/s impati5t ( ! yoke ( ! ,gospel1 fond ( novelty & ambiti\s = notoriety4 ,bo? 7 nurs$ & su/a9$ by ! reign+ ,p[]s1 & 7 augm5t$ by l>ge accessions ( proselytes4 ,bo? spread = a:ile ) ! irresi/ible =ce ( a viol5t hurricane1 till its fury 0 sp5t4 ,bo? subsequ5tly became subdivid$ into v>i\s bodies4 ,! ext9ction ( ,prote/antism w\ld complete ! p>allel4 ,9 ?is connection a rem>k ( ,de ,mai/re is wor? quot+3 8,if ,prote/antism be>s always ! same "n1 ?\gh its belief has be5 p]petually %ift+1 x is because its "n is purely negative & means only ! d5ial ( ,ca?olicity1 s t ! less x believes1 & ! m x prote/s1 ! m consi/5tly ,prote/ant x w be4 ,s9ce1 !n1 its "n becomes cont9ually tru]1 x mu/ subsi/ until x p]i%es1 j z an ulc] disappe>s ) ! la/ atom ( ! fle% :i* x has be5 eat+ away407#ajf7 ,b simil> causes w produce simil> results4 ,z bo? revolutions 7 ! (fspr+ ( rebellion2 z bo? h be5 m>k$ by ! same vigor\s y\?1 ! same precoci\s manhood1 ! same premature decay & dismemb]m5t ( p>ts2 s we are n ra% 9 pr$ict+ t ! dissolution :i* long s9ce visit$ ! =m] is de/9$1 soon] or lat]1 to ov]take ! latt]4 ,b ! ,ca?olic ,*ur*1 because %e is ! "w ( ,god1 is always 8r5ew+ h] /r5g?1 l ! eagle's407#ajg7 ,y ask = a miracle1 z ! ,jews ask$ our ,savi\r = a sign4 ,y ask ! ,*ur* to prove h] div9e mission by a miracul\s ag5cy4 ,is n h] v survival ! greate/ ( prodigies8 ,if y beheld "s fair bride ) all ! weakness ( humanity ^u h]1 ca/ into a prison & />v$ & trampl$ ^u1 hack$ & tortur$1 h] blood spr9kl$ ^u h] dungeon walls1 & if y saw h] aga9 em]g+ f h] prison1 9 all ! bloom & fre%ness ( y\?1 & surviv+ = ye>s & c5turies beyond ! span ( human life1 cont9u+ to be ! joyful "m ( *ildr51 w\ld y n call t sc5e a miracle8 ,& is n ?is a picture ( our ,"m1 ! ,*ur*8 ,has %e n pass$ ?r\gh all ^! vicissitudes8 ,has %e n ta/$ ! bitt]ness ( prison 9 e age8 ,has n h] blood be5 %$ 9 e clime8 ,& yet 9 h] latt] days1 %e is z fair z ev]1 & ! nurs+ "m ( *ildr54 ,are n civil gov]nm5ts & in/itutions mortal z well z m58 ,:y %\ld ! ,republic ( ! ,*ur* be an exception to ! law ( decay & dea?8 ,if ?is is n a miracle1 ,i "k n :at a miracle is4 ,if ,augu/91 t pr(\nd ,*ri/ian philosoph]1 c\ld employ ?is argum5t 9 ! fif? c5tury1 ) h[ mu* m =ce may x be us$ today1 fifte5 hundr$ ye>s aft] 8 "t6 ,b f> be x f u to ascribe to any human cause ?is m>vel\s survival ( ! ,*ur*4 ,h] inde/ructibility is n due1 z "s suppose1 to h] wond]ful organization1 or to ! f>-rea*+ policy ( h] ,pontiffs1 or to ! le>n+ & wisdom ( h] tea*]s4 ,if %e has surviv$1 x is n because ( human wisdom1 b (t5 9 spite ( human folly4 ,h] p]man5ce is due n to ! arm ( ! fle%1 b to ! f+] ( ,god4 8,n to u1 ,o ,"l1 n to u1 b to ,?y "n give glory40 ,i w\ld n[ ask ?is "q ( all t are ho/ile to ! ,ca?olic ,*ur* & t are plott+ h] de/ruction3 ,h[ c y hope to ov]turn an in/itution :i* = m ?an n9ete5 c5turies has successfully resi/$ all ! comb9$ assaults ( ! _w1 ( m51 & ( ! p[]s ( d>kness8 ,:at means w y employ to encompass h] ru98 ,i4 ,is x ! p[] ( ,k+s1 & ,emp]ors1 & ,prime ,m9i/]s8 ,!y h tri$ 9 va9 to cru% h]1 f ! days ( ! ,roman ,cs>s to ^? ( ! =m] ,*ancellor ( ,g]many4 ,_m p]sons labor "u ! errone\s impression t ! cr[n$ heads ( ,europe h be5 ! unv>y+ support]s ( ! ,*ur*1 & t if _! protection 7 )drawn %e w\ld soon collapse4 ,s f> f ! ,*ur* be+ %elt]$ beh9d e>?ly ?rones1 h] wor/ enemies h be51 ) "s honorable exceptions1 s-call$ ,*ri/ian ,pr9ces :o 7 nom9al *ildr5 ( ! ,*ur*4 ,!y *af$ "u h] salut>y discipl9e2 !y wi%$ to be rid ( h] yoke1 because %e alone1 9 "t ( oppression1 _h ! p[] & ! c\rage to /& by ! rights ( ! p1 & place h] brea/ z a wall ( brass aga9/ ! encroa*m5ts ( _! rul]s4 ,) calm confid5ce we c say ) ! ,psalmi/3 8,:y h ! ,g5tiles rag$1 & ! p devis$ va9 ?+s8 ,! k+s ( ! e>? /ood up1 & ! pr9ces met toge!r1 aga9/ ! ,"l1 & aga9/ 8 ,*ri/4 ,let u break _! bonds asund]1 & let u ca/ away _! yoke f u4 ,he t dwelle? 9 heav5 %all laugh at !m & ! ,"l %all d]ide !m407#ajh7 ,,ii4 ,c ! imm5se res\rces & organiz$ p[] ( rival religi\s bodies succe$ 9 absorb+ h] & 9 br++ h] to naught8 ,i am n dispos$ to und]value ?is p[]4 ,aga9/ any human =ce x w\ld be irresi/ible4 ,b if ! colossal /r5g?1 & incomp>able ma*9]y ( ! ,roman ,empire c\ld n prev5t ! e/abli%m5t ( ! ,*ur*2 if ,arianism1 ,ne/orianism1 ,euty*ianism c\ld n *eck h] developm5t1 h[ c mod]n organizations /op h] progress n[1 :5 9 ! fulness ( h] /r5g?8 ,x is easi] to pres]ve :at is creat$1 ?an to create anew4 ,,iii4 ,b we h be5 told3 8,take f ! ,pope 8 ,temporal p[] & ! ,*ur* is doom$ to de/ruction4 ,?is is ! secret ( h] /r5g?2 /rip h] ( ?is1 &1 l ,samson %orn ( 8 hair1 %e w betray all ! weakness ( a poor mortal4 ,!n ?is brilliant lum9>y w wax pale & %e w s9k bel[ ! horizon1 nev] m to rise aga940 ,= m ?an sev5 c5turies aft] ! e/abli%m5t ( ! ,*ur* ! ,popes _h no sov]eign t]ritorial jurisdiction4 ,h[ c\ld %e h outliv$ t p]iod1 if ! temporal p[] 7 ess5tial to h] p]petuity8 ,& ev5 s9ce #ahgj ! ,pope has be5 depriv$ ( 8 temporalities4 ,?is loss1 h[ev]1 does n br+ a wr9kle on ! fair br[ ( ! ,*ur*1 nor does x ret>d "o in* h] onw>d m>*4 ,,iv4 ,is %e unable to cope ) mod]n inv5tions & ! me*anical progress ( ! n9ete5? c5tury8 ,we are (t5 told s2 b f> f hid+ our head1 l ! o/ri* 9 ! s&1 at ! approa* ( ^! inv5tions we hail !m z mess5g]s ( ,god1 & w use !m z ,provid5tial in/rum5ts = ! fur!r propagation ( ! fai?4 ,if we succe$$ s well be=e1 :5 we _h no %ips b frail canoes1 no compass b our eyes2 :5 we _h no roads b et]nal sn[s1 virg9 =e/s & trackless des]ts2 :5 we _h no guide save fai?1 & hope1 & ,god--if ev5 !n we succe$$ s well 9 c>ry+ ! ,gospel to ! conf9es ( ! e>?1 h[ mu* m c we d n[ by ! aid ( telegraph1 /eam%ips & railroads8 ,yes1 ,o m5 ( g5ius1 we bless y\r inv5tions2 we bless y1 ye mod]n discov]ies2 & we w impress y into ! s]vice ( ! ,*ur* & say3 8,fire & heat bless ! ,"l4 ,lightn+s & cl\ds bless ! ,"l2 all ye works ( ! ,"l bless ! ,"l2 praise & exalt him above all =ev]407#aji7 ,! utility ( mod]n inv5tions to ! ,*ur* has lately be5 manife/$ 9 a conspicu\s mann]4 ,! ,pope call$ a c\ncil ( all ! ,bi%ops ( ! _w4 ,)\t ! aid ( /eam x w\ld h be5 almo/ impossible = !m to assemble2 by its aid !y 7 able to meet f ! utt]mo/ b\nds ( ! e>?4 ,v4 ,b may n ! light ( ! ,*ur* gr[ pale & be ext+ui%$ be=e ! intellectual blaze ( ! n9ete5? c5tury8 ,has %e n mu* to fe> f lit]ature1 ! arts & sci5ces8 ,%e has always be5 ! ,patroness ( lit]ature1 & ! fo/]+ ,"m ( ! arts & sci5ces4 ,%e f\nd$ & end[$ ne>ly all ! great univ]sities ( ,europe4 ,n to m5tion ^? ( ! cont95t1 a b>e catalogue ( :i* w\ld cov] a l>ge space1 ,i may allude to ! ,univ]sities ( ,ox=d & ,cambridge1 ! two mo/ fam\s seats ( le>n+ 9 ,engl&1 :i* 7 e/abli%$ "u ,ca?olic auspices c5turies be=e ! ,re=mation4 ,! ,*ur* also f\nd$ ?ree ( ! f\r univ]sities n[ exi/+ 9 ,scotl&1 viz3 ,/4 ,&rew's 9 #adaa1 ,glasg[ 9 #adej & ,ab]de5 9 #adid4 ,)\t h] we %\ld be depriv$ to-day ( ! priceless treasures ( anci5t lit]ature2 =1 9 pres]v+ ! languages ( ,greece & ,rome f de/ruction1 %e rescu$ classical writ]s ( ^? c\ntries f oblivion4 ,hallam ju/ly obs]ves t1 7 x n = ! dilig5t labors ( ! monks 9 ! ,middle ,ages1 our k ( ! hi/ory ( anci5t ,greece & ,rome w\ld be z vague today z our in=mation reg>d+ ! ,pyramids ( ,egypt4 ,& z = works ( art1 !re are m valuable monum5ts ( art conta9$ 9 ! s+le museum ( ! ,vatican ?an are to be f\nd 9 all our c\ntry4 ,arti/s are oblig$ to g to ,rome to consult _! be/ models4 ,our *ur*es are n only temples ( wor%ip1 b depositories ( sacr$ art4 ,= our intellectual progress we are 9 no small measure indebt$ to ! mu*-abus$ ,middle ,ages4 ,tyndall has ! c&or to obs]ve t 8,! n9ete5? c5tury /rikes its roots into ! c5turies gone by & draws nutrim5t f !m407#aaj7 ,,vi4 ,is x lib]ty t w de/roy ! ,*ur*8 ,! ,*ur* brea!s freely & exp&s ) giant gr[?1 :]e true lib]ty is f\nd4 ,%e is always cramp$ 9 h] op]ations :]ev] despotism ca/s its d>k %ad[4 ,n[h]e does %e enjoy m indep5d5ce ?an "h2 n[h]e is %e m vigor\s & m prosp]\s4 ,*ildr5 ( ! ,*ur*1 fe> no?+1 happ5 :at w to h]4 ,*ri/ is ) h] & !re=e %e _c s9k4 ,cs>1 9 cross+ ! ,adriatic1 said to ! tr\bl$ o>sman3 8,quid times8 ,cs>em vehis40 ,:at ,cs> said 9 presumption ,jesus says ) tru?3 ,:at fe>e/ ?\8 ,*ri/ is 9 ! %ip4 ,are we n positive t ! sun w rise tomorr[ & next day1 & s on to ! end ( ! _w8 ,:y8 ,because ,god s orda9$ :5 ,he e/abli%$ x 9 ! heav5s2 & because x has nev] fail$ to run its c\rse f ! beg9n+4 ,has n ,*ri/ promis$ t ! ,*ur* %\ld always enlight5 ! _w8 ,has ,he n1 s f>1 fulfill$ ,8 promise conc]n+ ,8 ,*ur*8 ,has %e n gone /eadily on h] c\rse amid /orm & sun%9e8 ,! fulfilm5t ( ! pa/ is ! be/ security = ! future4 ,amid ! cont9ual *anges 9 human in/itutions %e is ! "o ,in/itution t nev] *anges4 ,amid ! univ]sal ru9s ( e>?ly monum5ts %e is ! "o monum5t t /&s pr\dly pre-em95t4 ,n a /one 9 ?is build+ falls to ! gr\nd4 ,amid ! g5]al de/ruction ( k+doms h] k+dom is nev] de/roy$4 ,ev] anci5t & ev] new1 "t writes no wr9kles on h] ,div9e br[4 ,! ,*ur* has se5 ! bir? ( e gov]nm5t ( ,europe1 & x is n at all improbable t %e %all also witness ! dea? ( !m all & *ant _! requiem4 ,%e 0 m ?an f\rte5 hundr$ ye>s old :5 ,columbus discov]$ our cont95t1 & ! f\ndation ( our ,republic is b z ye/]day to h]4 ,%e calmly look$ on :ile ! ,go?s & ! ,visigo?s1 ! ,huns & ! ,saxons swept l a torr5t ov] ,europe1 subv]t+ dyna/ies4 ,%e has se5 mon>*ies *ang$ into republics1 & republics consolidat$ into empires--all ?is has %e witness$1 :ile h] own ,div9e ,con/itution has rema9$ unalt]$4 ,( ,h] we c truly say 9 ! words ( ! ,psalmi/3 8,!y %all p]i%1 b ?\ rema9e/2 & all ( !m %all gr[ old z a g>m5t4 ,& z a ve/ure ,?\ %alt *ange !m1 & !y %all be *ang$4 ,b ?\ art always ! self-same1 & ?y ye>s %alt n fail4 ,! *ildr5 ( ?y s]vants %all cont9ue1 & _! se$ %all be direct$ =ev]407#aaa7 ,god =bid t we %\ld ascribe to any human cause ?is m>vell\s survival ( ! ,*ur*4 ,h] inde/ructibility is n due1 z "s suppose1 to h] wond]ful organization1 or to ! f>-rea*+ policy ( h] ,pontiffs1 or to ! le>n+ & wisdom ( h] tea*]s4 ,if %e has surviv$1 x is n because ( human wisdom1 b (t5 9 spite ( human folly4 ,h] p]man5ce is due n to ! arm ( ! fle%1 b to ! f+] ( ,god4 ,9 ! brighte/ days ( ! ,republic ( ,pagan ,rome ! ,roman said ) pride3 8,i am a ,roman citiz540 ,?is 0 8 noble/ title4 ,he 0 pr\d ( ! ,republic1 because x 0 v5]able 9 ye>s1 p[]ful 9 ! numb] ( its citiz5s1 & di/+ui%$ = ! wisdom ( its /atesm54 ,:at a subject ( great] glory to be a citiz5 ( ! ,republic ( ! ,*ur* :i* has la/$ = n9ete5 c5turies1 & w cont9ue till "t %all be no m2 :i* c\nts h] millions ( *ildr5 9 e clime2 :i* numb]s h] h]oes & h] m>tyrs by ! ?\s&2 :i* associates y ) ! ,apo/les & ,sa9ts4 8,y are no m /rang]s & =eign]s1 b y are fell[-citiz5s ) ! ,sa9ts & ! dome/ics ( ,god1 built ^u ! f\ndation ( ! ,prophets & ,apo/les1 ,jesus ,*ri/ ,himself be+ ! *ief corn]/one407#aab7 ,?\gh sep>at$ f e>?ly relatives & p>5ts1 y ne$ nev] be sep>at$ f h]4 ,%e is ev] ) u to com=t u4 ,%e says to u :at h] ,div9e ,sp\se said to ,8 ,apo/les3 8,behold1 ,i am ) y all days1 ev5 to ! consummation ( ! _w407#aac7 ,*apt] ,,vii4 ,,infallible ,,au?ority ,,( ,,! ,,*ur*4 ,! ,*ur* has au?ority f ,god to tea* reg>d+ fai? & morals1 & 9 h] tea*+ %e is pres]v$ f error by ! special guidance ( ! ,holy ,gho/4 ,! pr]ogative ( infallibility is cle>ly d$uc$ f ! attributes ( ! ,*ur* already m5tion$4 ,! ,*ur* is ,"o1 ,holy1 ,ca?olic1 & ,apo/olic4 ,prea*+ ! same cre$ ev]y:]e & at all times2 tea*+ hol9ess & tru?1 %e is1 ( c\rse1 ess5tially un]r+ 9 h] doctr9e2 = :at is "o1 holy or un*angeable mu/ be infallibly true4 ,t ! ,*ur* 0 infallible 9 ! ,apo/olic age is d5i$ by no ,*ri/ian4 ,we nev] "q ! tru? ( ! ,apo/les' decl>ations27#aad7 !y 71 9 fact1 ! only au?ority 9 ! ,*ur* = ! fir/ c5tury4 ,! ,new ,te/am5t 0 n complet$ till ! close ( ! fir/ c5tury4 ,!re is no j gr\nd = d5y+ to ! ,apo/olic tea*]s ( ! n9ete5? c5tury 9 :i* we live a pr]ogative cle>ly possess$ by ^? ( ! fir/1 especially z ! ,div9e ,^w n[h]e intimates t ?is un]r+ guidance 0 to die ) ! ,apo/les4 ,on ! contr>y1 z ! ,apo/les transmitt$ to _! successors _! p[] to prea*1 to baptize1 to orda91 to confirm1 etc41 !y mu/ also h h&$ d[n to !m ! no less ess5tial gift ( infallibility4 ,god loves u z mu* z ,he lov$ ! primitive ,*ri/ians2 ,*ri/ di$ = u z well z = !m & we h z mu* ne$ ( un]r+ tea*]s z !y _h4 ,x w n suffice to tell me3 8,we h an infallible ,scripture z a sub/itute = an infallible apo/olate ( ! fir/ c5tury10 = an infallible book is ( no use to me )\t an infallible int]pret]1 z ! hi/ory ( ,prote/antism too cle>ly demon/rates4 ,b besides ^! presumptive argum5ts1 we h positive evid5ce f ,scripture t ! ,*ur* _c err 9 h] tea*+s4 ,our bless$ ,"l1 9 con/itut+ ,/4 ,pet] ,pr9ce ( ,8 ,apo/les1 says to him3 8,?\ art ,pet]1 & ^u ?is rock ,i w build ,my ,*ur*1 & ! gates ( hell %all n prevail aga9/ x407#aae7 ,*ri/ makes "h a solemn pr$iction t no error %all ev] invade ,8 ,*ur*1 & if %e fell into error ! gates ( hell h c]ta9ly prevail$ aga9/ h]4 ,! ,re=m]s ( ! sixte5? c5tury affirm t ! ,*ur* did fall into error2 t ! gates ( hell did prevail aga9/ h]2 t f ! six? to ! sixte5? c5tury %e 0 a s9k ( iniquity4 ,! ,book ( ,homilies ( ! ,*ur* ( ,engl& says t ! ,*ur* 8lay buri$ 9 damnable idolatry = eight hundr$ ye>s or m40 ,! p]sonal v]acity ( our ,savior & ( ! ,re=m]s is "h at issue1 = our ,"l makes a /atem5t :i* !y contradict4 ,:o is to be believ$1 ,jesus or ! ,re=m]s8 ,if ! pr$iction ( our ,savior ab\t ! pres]vation ( ,8 ,*ur* f error be false1 !n ,jesus ,*ri/ is n ,god1 s9ce ,god _c lie4 ,he is n ev5 a prophet1 s9ce ,he pr$ict$ falsehood4 ,nay1 ,he is an impo/or1 & all ,*ri/ianity is a mis]able failure & a huge deception1 s9ce x re/s on a false ,prophet4 ,b if ,jesus pr$ict$ ! tru? :5 ,he decl>$ t ! gates ( hell %\ld n prevail aga9/ ,8 ,*ur*--& :o d>e d5y x8--!n ! ,*ur* nev] has & nev] c\ld h fall5 f ! tru?2 !n ! ,ca?olic ,*ur* is infallible1 = %e alone claims t pr]ogative1 & %e is ! only ,*ur* t is ackn[l$g$ to h exi/$ f ! beg9n+4 ,truly is ,jesus t wise ,ar*itect m5tion$ 9 ! ,gospel1 8:o built 8 h\se ^u a rock2 & ! ra9 fell1 & ! floods came1 & ! w9ds blew1 & !y beat ^u t h\se1 & x fell n1 = x 0 f\nd$ ^u a rock407#aaf7 ,jesus s5ds =? ! ,apo/les ) pl5ipot5ti>y p[]s to prea* ! ,gospel4 8,z ! ,fa!r10 ,he says1 8ha? s5t ,me1 ,i also s5d y407#aag7 8,go+ !re=e1 tea* all nations1 tea*+ !m to obs]ve all ?+s :atsoev] ,i h comm&$ y407#aah7 8,prea* ! ,gospel to e creature407#aai7 8,ye %all be witnesses unto ,me 9 ,j]usalem1 & 9 all ,judea1 & ,sam>ia1 & ev5 to ! utt]mo/ "p ( ! e>?407#abj7 ,?is commission evid5tly applies n to ! ,apo/les only1 b also to _! successors1 to ! end ( "t1 s9ce x 0 utt]ly impossible = ! ,apo/les p]sonally to prea* to ! :ole _w4 ,n only does our ,"l emp[] ,8 ,apo/les to prea* ! ,gospel1 b ,he comm&s1 & "u ! mo/ sev]e p5alties1 ^? to :om !y prea* to li/5 & obey4 8,:osoev] w n receive y1 nor he> y\r words1 go+ =? f t h\se or city1 %ake ! du/ f y\r feet4 ,am51 ,i say to y1 x %all be m tol]able = ! l& ( ,sodom & ,gomorrha 9 ! day ( judgm5t ?an = t city407#aba7 8,if he w n he> ! ,*ur*1 let him be to !e z ! hea!n & ! publican407#abb7 8,he t believe? %all be sav$2 he t believe? n %all be condemn$407#abc7 8,he t he>e? y he>e? ,me2 he t despise? y despise? ,me2 & he t despise? ,me despise? ,him t s5t ,me407#abd7 ,f ^! passages we see1 on ! "o h&1 t ! ,apo/les & _! successors h receiv$ full p[]s to ann\nce ! ,gospel2 & on ! o!r1 t _! he>]s are oblig$ to li/5 ) docility & to obey n m]ely by an ext]nal compliance1 b also by an int]nal ass5t ( ! intellect4 ,if1 !re=e1 ! ,ca?olic ,*ur* c\ld prea* error1 w\ld n ,god ,himself be responsible = ! error8 ,& c\ld n ! fai?ful s\l say to ,god ) all rev]5ce & tru?3 ,?\ ha/ comm&$ me1 ,o ,"l1 to he> ,?y ,*ur*2 if ,i am deceiv$ by obey+ h]1 ,?\ art ! cause ( my error8 ,b we may re/ assur$ t an all-wise ,provid5ce :o comm&s ,8 ,*ur* to speak 9 ,8 "n w s guide h] 9 ! pa? ( tru? t %e %all nev] lead into error ^? t foll[ h] tea*+s4 ,b z ?is privilege ( ,infallibility 0 a v extraord9>y favor1 our ,savior conf]s x on ! rul]s ( ,8 ,*ur* 9 language :i* removes all d\bt f ! s9c]e inquir]1 & "u circum/ances :i* add to ! maje/y ( ,8 ^w4 ,%ortly be=e ,8 dea? ,jesus consoles ,8 disciples by ?is promise3 8,i w ask ! ,fa!r1 & ,he %all give y ano!r ,p>aclete1 t ,he may abide ) y =ev]4444 ,b :5 ,he1 ! ,_s ( tru?1 %all come1 ,he w tea* y all tru?407#abe7 ,! foll[+ text ( ! same import =ms ! conclud+ words record$ ( our ,savior 9 ,/4 ,mat!w's ,gospel3 8,all p[] is giv5 to ,me 9 heav5 & on e>?4 ,g ye1 !re=e1 & tea* all nations1 444 tea*+ !m to obs]ve all ?+s :atsoev] ,i h comm&$ y4 ,& behold ,i am ) y all days1 ev5 to ! consummation ( ! _w407#abf7 ,he beg9s by ass]t+ ,8 own ,div9e au?ority & mission4 8,all p[] is giv510 etc4 ,t p[] ,he !n delegates to ,8 ,apo/les & to _! successors3 8,g ye1 !re=e1 & tea* all nations10 etc4 ,he does n in/ruct !m to scatt] ,bibles broadca/ ov] ! e>?1 b to tea* by ^w ( m\?4 8,& behold60 ,our ,savior nev] arre/s ! att5tion ( ,8 he>]s by us+ ! int]jection1 behold1 unless :5 ,he has some?+ unusually solemn & extraord9>y to communicate4 ,an important ann\ncem5t is sure to foll[ ?is ^w4 8,behold1 ,i am ) y40 ,^! words1 8,i am ) y10 are frequ5tly address$ 9 ,sacr$ ,scripture by ! ,almighty to ,8 ,prophets & ,patri>*s1 & !y always imply a special pres5ce & a p>ticul> sup]vision ( ! ,deity47#abg7 ,!y convey ! same mean+ 9 ! pres5t in/ance4 ,*ri/ says equival5tly ,i :o 8am ! way1 ! tru? & ! life10 w protect y f error & w guide y 9 y\r spee*4 ,i w be ) y1 n m]ely dur+ y\r natural lives1 n = a c5tury only1 b all days1 at all times1 )\t int]mission1 ev5 to ! end ( ! _w4 ,^! words ( ,jesus ,*ri/ e/abli% two important facts3 ,fir/--,a promise to gu>d ,8 ,*ur* f error4 ,second--,a promise t ,8 pres5ce ) ! ,*ur* w be cont9u\s1 )\t any int]val ( abs5ce1 to ! consummation ( ! _w4 ,& ?is is also ! s5tim5t ( ! ,apo/le ( ! ,g5tiles writ+ to ! ,ephesians3 ,god 8gave "s inde$ ,apo/les1 & "s ,prophets1 & "s ,evangeli/s1 & o!rs ,pa/ors & ,tea*]s1 = ! p]fect+ ( ! ,sa9ts1 = ! "w ( ! m9i/ry1 = ! build+ up ( ! body ( ,*ri/1 until we all meet 9 ! unity ( fai?1 444 t we may no m be *ildr51 toss$ to & fro1 & c>ri$ ab\t ) e w9d ( doctr9e1 by ! wick$ness ( m51 9 craft1 by :i* !y lie 9 wait to deceive407#abh7 ,not)/&+ ^! pla9 decl>ations ( ,scripture1 "s p]sons ?9k x an unw>rantable assumption = ! ,*ur* to claim infallibility4 ,b m>k ! consequ5ces t foll[ f d5y+ x4 ,if y\r *ur* is n infallible x is liable to err1 = !re is no m$ium betwe5 infallibility & liability to error4 ,if y\r *ur* & h] m9i/]s are fallible 9 _! doctr9al tea*+s1 z !y admit1 !y may be prea*+ falsehood to y1 in/ead ( tru?4 ,if s1 y are 9 d\bt :e!r y are li/5+ to tru? or falsehood4 ,if y are 9 d\bt y c h no fai?1 = fai? excludes d\bt1 & 9 t /ate y displease ,god1 = 8)\t fai? x is impossible to please ,god407#abi7 ,fai? & infallibility mu/ g h& 9 h&4 ,! "o _c exi/ )\t ! o!r4 ,!re c be no fai? 9 ! he>] unless !re is un]r+ au?ority 9 ! speak]--an au?ority f\nd$ ^u su* c]ta9 k z precludes ! possibility ( fall+ into error on 8 "p1 & includ+ su* unque/ion$ v]acity z to prev5t 8 deceiv+ him :o accepts 8 ^w4 ,y admit infallible c]ta9ty 9 ! physical sci5ces2 :y %\ld y d5y x 9 ! sci5ce ( salvation8 ,! a/ronom] c pr$ict ) accuracy a hundr$ ye>s be=eh& an eclipse ( ! sun or moon4 ,he c tell :at po9t 9 ! heav5s a planet w rea* on a giv5 day4 ,! m>9]1 guid$ by 8 compass1 kn[s1 amid ! rag+ /orm & ! d>kness ( ! night1 t he is /e]+ 8 c\rse directly to ! city ( 8 de/9ation2 & is n an infallible guide z necess>y to conduct y to ! city ( ,god 9 heav58 ,is x n1 moreov]1 a bless+ & a consolation t1 amid ! ev]-*ang+ views ( m51 amid ! conflict ( human op9ion & ! tumultu\s waves ( human passion1 !re is "o voice he>d above ! d9 & upro>1 cry+ 9 cle>1 un]r+ tones3 8,?us sai? ! ,"l80 ,x is v /range t ! ,ca?olic ,*ur* mu/ apologize to ! _w = simply decl>+ t %e speaks ! tru?1 ! :ole tru?1 & no?+ b ! tru?4 ,! ,roman ,pan!on 0 d$icat$ to all ! gods ( ! ,empire1 & _! "n 0 legion4 ,=midable also 9 numb]s are ! ,f\nd]s ( ! religi\s sects exi/+ 9 our c\ntry4 ,a ,pan!on z va/ z ,we/m9/] ,abbey w\ld h>dly be spaci\s en\gh to conta9 life-siz$ /atues = _! accommodation4 ,if y 7 to confront ^? figures1 & to ask !m1 "o by "o1 to give an acc\nt ( ! fai? !y _h pr(ess$1 & if !y 7 end[$ ) ! gift ( spee*1 y w\ld f9d t no two ( !m 7 9 entire accord1 b t !y all diff]$ among !mselves on "s fundam5tal pr9ciple ( revelation4 ,w\ld y n be act+ v unwisely & be haz>d+ y\r s\l's salvation 9 submitt+ to ! tea*+s ( s _m discordant & conflict+ oracles4 ,*ildr5 ( ! ,ca?olic ,*ur*1 give ?anks to ,god t y are memb]s ( t ,communion1 :i* proclaims ye> aft] ye> ! "o same & unalt]able message ( tru?1 peace & love1 & t y are pres]v$ f all errors 9 fai?1 & f all illusion 9 ! practice ( virtue4 ,y are happily /rang]s to ^? int]ior conflicts1 to ^? p]plex+ d\bts & to t frightful unc]ta9ty :i* di/racts ! s\ls ( ^? ^: private judgm5t is _! only guide1 :o are 8ev] le>n+ & nev] atta9+ to ! k ( ! tru?407#acj7 ,y are n1 l o!rs1 drift+ helplessly ov] ! ocean ( unc]ta9ty & 8c>ri$ ab\t by e w9d ( doctr9e40 ,y are n z 8bl9d m5 l$ by bl9d guides40 ,y are n l ^? :o are 9 ! mid/ ( a spiritual des]t int]sect$ by v>i\s by-pa?s1 n kn[+ :i* to pursue2 b y are on t high road spok5 ( by ! prophet ,isaiah1 :i* is s 8/raight a way t fools %all n err !re9407#aca7 ,y are a "p ( t univ]sal ,communion :i* has no 8,high ,*ur*0 & 8,l[ ,*ur*20 no 8,new ,s*ool0 & 8,old ,s*ool10 = y all belong to t ,s*ool :i* is 8ev] anci5t & ev] new40 ,y enjoy t pr(\nd peace & tranquillity :i* spr+s f ! consci\s possession ( ! :ole tru?4 ,well may y exclaim3 8,behold h[ good & h[ pleasant x is = bre?r5 to dwell toge!r 9 unity407#acb7 ,give ?anks1 moreov]1 to ,god t y belong to a ,*ur* :i* has also a ke5 s5se to detect & expose ^? moral %ams1 ^? pi\s frauds1 ^? sociali/ic s*emes :i* are s (t5 und]tak5 9 ?is c\ntry o/5sibly 9 ! "n ( religion & morality1 b :i*1 9 reality1 are subv]sive ( morality & ord]1 :i* are ! (fspr+ ( fanaticism1 & s]ve z a mask to hide ! mo/ debas+ passions4 ,nei!r ,mormons nor ,mill]ites1 nor ! advocates ( free love or ( wom5's rights1 s call$1 f9d any recruits 9 ! ,ca?olic ,*ur*4 ,%e w nev] suff] h] *ildr5 to be ensn>$ by ^! impo/ures1 h[ speci\s soev] !y may be4 ,f :at has be5 said 9 ! prec$+ pages1 x foll[s t ! ,ca?olic ,*ur* _c be re=m$4 ,i d n mean1 ( c\rse1 t ! ,pa/ors ( ! ,*ur* are p]sonally impeccable or n subject to s94 ,e tea*] 9 ! ,*ur*1 f ! ,pope d[n to ! humble/ ,prie/1 is liable at any mom5t1 l any ( ! fai?ful1 to fall f grace & to /& 9 ne$ ( moral re=mation4 ,we all c>ry 8?is treasure 7( innoc5ce7 9 e>!n vessels40 ,my mean+ is t ! ,*ur* is n susceptible ( be+ re=m$ 9 h] doctr9es4 ,! ,*ur* is ! "w ( an ,inc>nate ,god4 ,l all ,god's works1 x is p]fect4 ,x is1 !re=e1 incapable ( re=m4 ,is x n ! height ( presumption = m5 to attempt to improve ^u ! "w ( ,god8 ,is x n ridicul\s = ! ,lu!rs1 ! ,calv9s1 ! ,knoxes & ! ,h5ries & a ?\s& less] lights to be (f]+ _! am5dm5ts to ! ,con/itution ( ! ,*ur*1 z if x 7 a human ,in/itution8 ,our ,"l ,himself has nev] ceas$ to rule p]sonally ov] ,8 ,*ur*4 ,x is "t en\gh = little m5 to take *>ge ( ! ,%ip :5 ! great ,capta9 ab&ons ! helm4 ,a ,prote/ant g5tleman ( v lib]al education rem>k$ to me1 be=e ! op5+ ( ! late ,ecum5ical ,c\ncil3 8,i am assur$1 sir1 by a fri5d1 9 confid5ce1 t1 at a secret ,conclave ( ,bi%ops rec5tly held 9 ,rome x 0 resolv$ t ! ,dogma ( ! ,immaculate ,conception w\ld be reconsid]$ & aboli%$ at ! approa*+ ,g5]al ,c\ncil2 9 fact1 t ! def9ition 0 a mi/ake1 & t ! blund] ( #ahed w\ld be repair$ 9 #ahfi40 ,i told him1 ( c\rse1 t no su* "q c\ld be ent]ta9$ 9 ! ,c\ncil2 t ! doctr9al decrees ( ! ,*ur* 7 irrevocable1 & t ! dogma ( ! ,immaculate ,conception 0 def9$ once & =ev]4 ,if only "o in/ance c\ld be giv5 9 :i* ! ,*ur* ceas$ to tea* a doctr9e ( fai? :i* _h be5 previ\sly held1 t s+le in/ance w\ld be ! dea? bl[ ( h] claim to infallibility4 ,b x is a m>vel\s fact wor?y ( record t 9 ! :ole hi/ory ( ! ,*ur*1 f ! n9ete5? c5tury to ! fir/1 no solit>y example c be adduc$ to %[ t any ,pope or ,g5]al ,c\ncil ev] revok$ a decree ( fai? or morals enact$ by any prec$+ ,pontiff or ,c\ncil4 ,h] record 9 ! pa/ ought to be a suffici5t w>rant t %e w tol]ate no doctr9al v>iations 9 ! future4 ,if1 z we h se51 ! ,*ur* has au?ority f ,god to tea*1 & if %e tea*es no?+ b ! tru?1 is x n ! duty ( all ,*ri/ians to he> h] voice & obey h] comm&s8 ,%e is ! organ ( ! ,holy ,gho/4 ,%e is ! ,repres5tative ( ,jesus ,*ri/1 :o has said to h]3 8,he t he>e? y he>e? ,me2 he t despise? y despise? ,me40 ,%e is ! ,mi/ress ( tru?4 ,x is ! prop]ty ( ! human m9d to embrace tru? :]ev] x f9ds x4 ,x w\ld1 !re=e1 be n only an act ( irrev]5ce1 b ( %e] folly1 to disobey ! voice ( ?is ev]-tru?ful ,"m4 ,if a citiz5 is b\nd to obey ! laws ( 8 c\ntry1 ?\gh ^! laws may n 9 all respects be con=mable to /rict ju/ice2 if a *ild is b\nd by natural & div9e law to obey 8 "m1 ?\gh %e may sometimes err 9 h] judgm5ts1 h[ mu* m /rictly are n we oblig$ to be docile to ! tea*+s ( ! ,ca?olic ,*ur*1 our ,"m1 ^: admonitions are always j1 ^: precepts are immutable6 8,= tw5ty ye>s10 obs]v$ a rec5tly conv]t$ ,m9i/] ( ! ,prote/ant ,*ur*1 8,i f\ght & /ruggl$ aga9/ ! ,*ur* ) all ! en]gy ( my w4 ,b :5 ,i became a ,ca?olic all my d\bts end$1 my inquiries ceas$4 ,i became z a little *ild1 & ru%$ l a lisp+ babe into ! arms ( my "m40 ,by ,baptism ,*ri/ians become *ildr5 ( ! ,*ur*1 no matt] :o p\rs ^u !m ! reg5]at+ wat]s4 ,if %e is our ,"m1 :]e is our love & ob$i5ce8 ,:5 ! infant seeks n\ri%m5t at its "m's brea/ x does n analyze its food4 ,:5 x receives in/ructions f its "m's lips x nev] d\bts1 b in/9ctively believes4 ,:5 ! "m /ret*es =? h] h& ! *ild foll[s unhesitat+ly4 ,! ,*ri/ian %\ld h = 8 spiritual ,"m all ! simplicity1 all ! cr$ulity1 ,i might say1 ( a *ild1 guid$ by ! in/9cts ( fai?4 8,unless ye become10 says our ,"l1 8z little *ildr51 ye %all n ent] into ! ,k+dom ( ,heav5407#acc7 8,z new-born babes1 desire ! rational milk )\t guile2 t !reby y may gr[ unto salvation407#acd7 ,9 h] n\ri%m5t !re is no poison2 9 h] doctr9es !re is no guile4 ,*apt] ,,viii4 ,,! ,,*ur* ,,& ,,! ,,bible4 ,! ,*ur*1 z we h j se51 is ! only ,div9ely con/itut$ tea*] ( ,revelation4 ,n[1 ! ,scripture is ! great depository ( ! ,^w ( ,god4 ,!re=e1 ! ,*ur* is ! div9ely appo9t$ ,cu/odian & ,int]pret] ( ! ,bible4 ,=1 h] (fice ( infallible ,guide 7 sup]flu\s if ea* individual c\ld int]pret ! ,bible = himself4 ,t ,god nev] int5d$ ! ,bible to be ! ,*ri/ian's rule ( fai?1 indep5d5tly ( ! liv+ au?ority ( ! ,*ur*1 w be ! subject ( ?is *apt]4 ,no nation ev] _h a great] v5]ation = ! ,bible ?an ! ,jewi% p4 ,! ,holy ,scripture 0 _! pride & _! glory4 ,x 0 _! national song 9 "t ( peace2 x 0 _! m$itation & solace 9 "t ( tribulation & exile4 ,& yet ! ,jews nev] dream$ ( settl+ _! religi\s controv]sies by a private appeal to ! ,^w ( ,god4 ,:5ev] any religi\s dispute arose among ! p x 0 decid$ by ! ,high ,prie/ & ! ,sanh$rim1 :i* 0 a c\ncil consi/+ ( sev5ty-two civil & ecclesia/ical judges4 ,! s5t5ce ( ! ,high ,prie/ & ( 8 associate judges 0 to be obey$ "u p5alty ( dea?4 8,if ?\ p]ceive10 says ! ,book ( ,deut]onomy1 8t !re be among y a h>d & d\btful matt] 9 judgm5t1 444 ?\ %alt come to ! ,prie/s ( ! ,levitical race & to ! judge1 444 & !y %all %[ !e ! tru? ( ! judgm5t4444 ,& ?\ %alt foll[ _! s5t5ce2 nei!r %alt ?\ decl9e to ! "r h&1 nor to ! left4444 ,b he t w 444 refuse to obey ! comm&m5t ( ! ,prie/1 444 t man %all die1 & ?\ %alt take away ! evil f ,israel407#ace7 ,f ?is cle> s5t5ce y p]ceive t ,god does n ref] ! ,jews = ! settlem5t ( _! controv]sies to ! lett] ( ! law1 b to ! liv+ au?ority ( ! ecclesia/ical tribunal :i* ,he _h expressly e/abli%$ = t purpose4 ,h5ce1 ! ,prie/s 7 requir$ to be intimately acqua9t$ ) ! ,sacr$ ,scripture1 because !y 7 ! deposit>ies ( ,god's law1 & 7 its exp\nd]s to ! p4 8,! lips ( ! ,prie/ %all keep k1 & !y 7! p7 %all seek ! law at 8 m\?1 because he is ! angel 7or mess5g]7 ( ! ,"l ( ho/s407#acf7 ,&1 9 fact1 v few ( ! *ildr5 ( ,israel1 except ! ,prie/s1 7 9 possession ( ! ,div9e ,books4 ,! holy manuscript 0 r>e & preci\s4 ,& :at provision did ,god make t all ! p might h an opportunity ( he>+ ! ,scriptures8 ,did ,he comm& ! sacr$ volume to be multipli$8 ,no2 b ,he ord]$ ! ,prie/s & ! ,levites to be di/ribut$ ?r\gh ! diff]5t tribes1 t !y might always be at h& to in/ruct ! p 9 ! k ( ! law4 ,! ,jews 7 ev5 =bidd5 to read c]ta9 portions ( ! ,scripture till !y _h rea*$ ! age ( ?irty ye>s4 ,does our ,savior rev]se ?is /ate ( ?+s :5 ,he comes on e>?8 ,does ,he tell ! ,jews to be _! own guides 9 ! /udy ( ! ,scriptures8 ,by no means2 b ,he comm&s !m to obey _! con/itut$ tea*]s1 no matt] h[ dis$ify+ might be _! private lives4 8,!n said ,jesus to ! multitudes & to ,8 disciples3 ,! ,scribes & ,ph>isees sit ^u ! *air ( ,moses4 ,all ?+s !re=e :atsoev] !y %all say to y1 obs]ve & d407#acg7 ,x is true our ,"l said on "o occasion 8,se>* ! ,scriptures1 = y ?9k 9 !m to h life ev]la/+1 & ! same are !y t give te/imony to ,me407#ach7 ,?is passage is triumphantly quot$ z an argum5t 9 favor ( private int]pretation4 ,b x proves no?+ ( ! k9d4 ,_m le>n$ comm5tators1 anci5t & mod]n1 express ! v]b 9 ! indicative mood3 8,ye se>* ! ,scriptures40 ,at all ev5ts1 our ,savior speaks "h only ( ! ,old ,te/am5t because ! ,new ,te/am5t 0 n yet writt54 ,he addresses n ! multitude1 b ! ,ph>isees1 :o 7 ! tea*]s ( ! law1 & reproa*es !m = n admitt+ ,8 ,div9ity4 8,y h10 ,he says1 8! ,scriptures 9 y\r h&s2 :y !n d y n recognize ,me z ! ,messiah1 s9ce !y give te/imony t ,i am ! ,son ( ,god80 ,he ref]s !m to ! ,scriptures = a pro( ( ,8 ,div9ity1 n z to a s\rce f :i* !y 7 to d]ive all k 9 reg>d to ! tru?s ( revelation4 ,besides1 ,he did n re/ ! pro( ( ,8 ,div9ity ^u ! sole te/imony ( ,scripture4 ,= ,he %[$ x ,fir/--,by ! te/imony ( ,john ! ,bapti/ 7v4 #cc71 :o _h said1 8,behold ! ,lamb ( ,god2 behold ,him :o take? away ! s9s ( ! _w40 ,see also ,john i4 #cd4 ,second--,by ! miracles :i* ,he wr\ght 7v4 #cf74 ,?ird--,by ! te/imony ( ! ,fa!r 7v4 #cg71 :5 ,he said3 8,?is is my belov$ ,son1 9 :om ,i am well pleas$2 he> ye ,him40 ,matt4 iii4 #af2 ,luke ix4 #ce4 ,f\r?--,by ! ,scriptures ( ! ,old ,te/am5t2 z if ,he 7 to say1 8,if y are unwill+ to receive ^! ?ree pro(s1 ?\gh !y are mo/ cog5t1 at lea/ y _c reject ! te/imony ( ! ,scriptures1 ( :i* y boa/ s mu*40 ,f9ally1 9 ?is v passage our ,"l is expla9+ ! s5se ( ,holy ,writ2 !re=e1 its true mean+ is n left to ! private int]pretation ( e *ance read]4 ,x is1 !re=e1 a grave p]v]sion ( ! sacr$ text to adduce ^! words 9 v9dication ( private int]pretation ( ! ,scriptures4 ,b :5 our ,r$eem] aboli%$ ! ,old ,law & e/abli%$ ,8 ,*ur*1 did ,he int5d t ,8 ,gospel %\ld be dissem9at$ by ! circulation ( ! ,bible1 or by ! liv+ voice ( ,8 disciples8 ,?is is a vital "q4 ,i answ] mo/ emphatically1 t x 0 by prea*+ alone t ,he int5d$ to conv]t ! nations1 & by prea*+ alone !y 7 conv]t$4 ,no nation has ev] yet be5 conv]t$ by ! ag5cy ( ,bible ,associations4 ,jesus ,himself nev] wrote a l9e ( ,scripture4 ,he nev] once comm&$ ,8 ,apo/les to write a ^w17#aci7 or ev5 to circulate ! ,scriptures already exi/+4 ,:5 ,he s5ds !m on _! ,apo/olic err&1 ,he says3 8,g tea* all nations407#adj7 8,prea* ! ,gospel to e creature407#ada7 8,he t he>e? y he>e? ,me407#adb7 ,& we f9d ! ,apo/les act+ 9 /rict accordance ) ^! in/ructions4 ,( ! twelve ,apo/les1 ! sev5ty-two disciples1 & e>ly foll[]s ( our ,"l only eight h left u any ( _! sacr$ writ+s4 ,& ! ,gospels & ,epi/les 7 address$ to p>ticul> p]sons or p>ticul> *ur*es4 ,!y 7 writt5 on ! occasion ( "s em]g5cy1 j z ,bi%ops issue ,pa/oral lett]s to correct abuses :i* may spr+ up 9 ! ,*ur*1 or to lay d[n "s rules ( conduct = ! fai?ful4 ,! ,apo/les are nev] report$ to h circulat$ a s+le volume ( ! ,holy ,scripture1 b 8!y go+ =?1 prea*$ ev]y:]e1 ! ,"l co-op]at+ ) !m407#adc7 ,?us we see t 9 ! ,old & ! ,new ,disp5sation ! p 7 to be guid$ by a liv+ au?ority1 & n by _! private int]pretation ( ! ,scriptures4 ,inde$1 until ! religi\s revolution ( ! sixte5? c5tury1 x 0 a ?+ unhe>d ( f ! beg9n+ ( ! _w1 t p %\ld be gov]n$ by ! dead lett] ( ! law ei!r 9 civil or ecclesia/ical affairs4 ,h[ are y\r civil affairs regulat$ 9 ?is ,/ate1 = in/ance8 ,c]ta9ly n 9 accordance ) y\r p]sonal int]pretation ( ! laws ( ,virg9ia1 b 9 accordance ) decisions :i* are r5d]$ by ! con/itut$ judges ( ! ,/ate4 ,n[ :at ! civil code is to ! citiz51 ! ,scripture is to ! ,*ri/ian4 ,! ,^w ( ,god1 z well z ! civil law1 mu/ h an int]pret]1 by ^: decision we are oblig$ to abide4 ,we (t5 he> ! %ibbole?3 8,! ,bible1 & ! ,bible only1 mu/ be y\r guide40 ,:y1 !n1 d y g to ! useless exp5se ( build+ f9e *ur*es & ,sabba?-s*ools8 ,:at is ! use ( y\r prea*+ s]mons & cate*iz+ ! "y1 if ! ,bible at home is a suffici5t guide = y\r p8 ,! fact is1 y rev]5d g5tlem5 contradict 9 practice :at y s vehem5tly advance 9 !ory4 ,d n tell me t ! ,bible is all-suffici5t2 or1 if y believe x is self-suffici5t1 cease y\r in/ructions4 ,/& n betwe5 ! p & ! ,scriptures4 ,i w address myself n[ 9 a fri5dly _s to a non-,ca?olic1 & w proce$ to %[ him t he _c consi/5tly accept ! sil5t ,book ( ,scripture z 8 suffici5t guide4 ,a copy ( ! sacr$ volume is h&$ to y by y\r m9i/]1 :o says3 8,take ?is book2 y w f9d x all-suffici5t = y\r salvation40 ,b "h a s]i\s difficulty awaits y at ! v ?re%old ( y\r inve/igations4 ,:at assurance h y t ! book he h&s y is ! inspir$ ,^w ( ,god2 = e "p ( ! ,bible is f> f possess+ intr9sic evid5ces ( inspiration8 ,x may1 = ought y "k1 conta9 m ?an ! ,^w ( ,god1 or x may n conta9 all ! ,^w ( ,god4 ,we mu/ n suppose t ! ,bible 0 always1 z x is n[1 a compact book1 b\nd 9 a neat =m4 ,x 0 = sev]al c5turies 9 scatt]$ fragm5ts1 spread ov] diff]5t p>ts ( ,*ri/5dom4 ,mean:ile1 _m spuri\s books1 "u ! "n ( ,scripture1 7 circulat$ among ! fai?ful4 ,!re 01 = in/ance1 ! spuri\s ,gospel ( ,/4 ,pet]2 !re 0 also ! ,gospel ( ,/4 ,james & ( ,/4 ,mat?ias4 ,! ,ca?olic ,*ur*1 9 ! pl5itude ( h] au?ority1 9 ! ?ird ,c\ncil ( ,c>?age1 7,a4 ,d4 #cig17 sep>at$ ! *aff f ! :eat1 & decl>$ :at ,books 7 ,canonical1 & :at 7 apocryphal4 ,ev5 to ?is day ! ,*ri/ian sects d n agree among !mselves z to :at books are to be accept$ z g5u9e4 ,"s ,*ri/ians ( cont95tal ,europe d n recognize ! ,gospels ( ,/4 ,m>k & ,/4 ,luke because ^! ,evangeli/s 7 n among ! ,apo/les4 ,lu!r us$ to call ! ,epi/le ( ,/4 ,james a lett] ( /raw4 ,b ev5 :5 y are assur$ t ! ,bible conta9s ! ,^w ( ,god1 & no?+ b ! ,^w ( ,god1 h[ d y "k t ! translation is fai?ful8 ,! ,books ( ,scripture 7 orig9ally writt5 9 ,hebrew & ,greek1 & y h only ! translation4 ,be=e y are c]ta9 t ! translation is fai?ful y mu/ /udy ! ,hebrew & ,greek languages1 & !n comp>e ! translation ) ! orig9al4 ,h[ few are capable ( ?is gigantic und]tak+6 ,inde$1 :5 y accept ! ,bible z ! ,^w ( ,god1 y are oblig$ to receive x on ! au?ority ( ! ,ca?olic ,*ur*1 :o 0 ! sole ,gu>dian ( ! ,scriptures = fifte5 hundr$ ye>s4 ,b aft] hav+ asc]ta9$ to y\r satisfaction t ! translation is fai?ful1 /ill ! ,scriptures c nev] s]ve z a complete ,rule ( ,fai? & a complete guide to heav5 indep5d5tly ( an au?oriz$1 liv+ int]pret]4 ,a compet5t guide1 su* z our ,"l int5d$ = u1 mu/ h ?ree *>act]i/ics4 ,x mu/ be )9 ! rea* ( ev]yone2 x mu/ be cle> & intelligible2 x mu/ be able to satisfy u on all que/ions relat+ to fai? & morals4 ,fir/--,a complete guide ( salvation mu/ be )9 ! rea* ( e inquir] aft] tru?2 =1 ,god 8wi%es all m5 to be sav$1 & to come to ! k ( ! tru?207#add7 & !re=e ,he mu/ h plac$ )9 ! rea* ( ev]yone ! means ( arriv+ at ! tru?4 ,n[1 x is cle> t ! ,scriptures c\ld n at any p]iod h be5 accessible to ev]yone4 ,!y c\ld n h be5 accessible to ! primitive ,*ri/ians1 because !y 7 n all writt5 = a long "t aft] ! e/abli%m5t ( ,*ri/ianity4 ,! ,*ri/ian religion 0 f\nd$ 9 ! ye> #cc4 ,/4 ,mat!w's ,gospel1 ! fir/ "p ( ! ,new ,te/am5t ev] writt51 did n appe> till eight ye>s aft]4 ,! ,*ur* 0 e/abli%$ ab\t tw5ty ye>s :5 ,/4 ,luke wrote 8 ,gospel4 ,& ,/4 ,john's ,gospel did n come to light till t[>d ! end ( ! fir/ c5tury4 ,= _m ye>s aft] ! ,gospels & ,epi/les 7 writt5 ! k ( !m 0 conf9$ to ! *ur*es to :i* !y 7 address$4 ,x 0 n till ! close ( ! f\r? c5tury t ! ,*ur* fram$ h] ,canon ( ,scripture & decl>$ ! ,bible1 z we n[ possess x1 to be ! g5u9e ,^w ( ,god4 ,& ?is 0 ! gold5 age ( ,*ri/ianity6 ,! mo/ p]fect ,*ri/ians liv$ & di$ & w5t to heav5 be=e ! mo/ important p>ts ( ! ,scriptures 7 writt54 ,& :at w\ld h become ( !m if ! ,bible alone _h be5 _! guide8 ,! art ( pr9t+ 0 n inv5t$ till ! fifte5? c5tury 7#addj74 ,h[ utt]ly impossible x 0 to supply ev]yone ) a copy ( ! ,scriptures f ! f\r? to ! fifte5? c5tury6 ,dur+ t long p]iod ,bibles _h to be copi$ ) ! p54 ,!re 7 b a few hundr$ ( !m 9 ! ,*ri/ian _w1 & ^! 7 9 ! h&s ( ! cl]gy & ! le>n$4 8,accord+ to ! ,prote/ant sy/em1 ! art ( pr9t+ w\ld h be5 mu* m necess>y to ! ,apo/les ?an ! gift ( tongues4 ,x 0 well = ,lu!r t he did n come into ! _w until a c5tury aft] ! immortal inv5tion ( ,gutt5b]g4 ,a hundr$ ye>s e>li] 8 idea ( direct+ two hundr$ & fifty million m5 to read ! ,bible w\ld h be5 receiv$ ) %\ts ( laught]1 & w\ld inevitably h caus$ 8 removal f ! pulpit ( ,witt5b]g to a hospital = ! insane407#ade7 ,& ev5 at ! pres5t day1 ) all ! aid ( /eam pr9t+ presses1 ) all ! ,bible ,associations ext5d+ ?r\gh ?is c\ntry & ,engl&1 & support$ at enorm\s exp5se1 x taxes all _! en]gies to supply e mission>y c\ntry ) ,bibles pr9t$ 9 ! languages ( ! tribes & peoples = :om !y are int5d$4 ,b ev5 if ! ,bible 7 at all times accessible to ev]yone1 h[ _m millions exi/ 9 e age & c\ntry1 n except+ our own age ( boa/$ enlight5m5t1 :o are n accessible to ! ,bible because !y are incapable ( read+ ! ,^w ( ,god6 ,h5ce1 ! doctr9e ( private int]pretation w\ld r5d] _m m5's salvation n only difficult1 b impossible4 ,second--,a compet5t religi\s guide mu/ be cle> & intelligible to all1 s t ev]yone may fully und]/& ! true mean+ ( ! in/ructions x conta9s4 ,is ! ,bible a book intelligible to all8 ,f> f x2 x is full ( obscurities & difficulties n only = ! illit]ate1 b ev5 = ! le>n$4 ,/4 ,pet] himself in=ms u t 9 ! ,epi/les ( ,/4 ,paul !re are 8c]ta9 ?+s h>d to be und]/ood1 :i* ! unle>n$ & ! un/able wre/1 z !y d also ! o!r ,scriptures1 to _! own de/ruction407#adf7 ,& consequ5tly he tells u else:]e 8t no prophecy ( ,scripture is made by private int]pretation407#adg7 ,we read 9 ! ,acts ( ! ,apo/les t a c]ta9 man 0 rid+ 9 8 *>iot1 read+ ! ,book ( ,isaiah1 & be+ ask$ by ,/4 ,philip :e!r he und]/ood ! mean+ ( ! prophecy he repli$3 8,h[ c ,i und]/& unless "s man %[ me807#adh7 admitt+1 by ^! mode/ words1 t he did n pret5d ( himself to int]pret ! ,scriptures4 ,! ,fa!rs ( ! ,*ur*1 ?\gh _m ( !m sp5t _! :ole lives 9 ! /udy ( ! ,scriptures1 are unanim\s 9 pron\nc+ ! ,bible a book full ( knotty difficulties4 ,& yet we f9d 9 our days p$ants1 ) a m]e smatt]+ ( ,biblical k1 :o see no obscurity at all 9 ! ,^w ( ,god1 & :o presume to exp\nd x f ,g5esis to ,revelation4 8,fools ru% 9 :]e angels fe> to tread40 ,does n ! conduct ( ! ,re=m]s conclusively %[ ! utt] folly ( int]pret+ ! ,scriptures by private judgm5t8 ,z soon z !y reject$ ! oracle ( ! ,*ur*1 & set up _! own private judgm5t z ! highe/ /&>d ( au?ority1 !y c\ld h>dly agree among !mselves on ! mean+ ( a s+le important text4 ,! ,bible became 9 _! h&s a complete ,babel4 ,! sons ( ,noe attempt$ 9 _! pride to asc5d to heav5 by build+ ! t[] ( ,babel1 & _! s*eme end$ 9 ! confusion & multiplication ( tongues4 ,! *ildr5 ( ! ,re=mation endeavor$ 9 _! conceit to lead m5 to heav5 by ! private int]pretation ( ! ,bible1 & _! ef=ts l$ to ! confusion & ! multiplication ( religions4 ,let me give y "o example out ( a ?\s&4 ,^! words ( ! ,gospel1 8,?is is ,my ,body10 7 und]/ood only 9 "o s5se be=e ! ,re=mation4 ,! new lights ( ! sixte5? c5tury gave no few] ?an eighty diff]5t mean+s to ^! f\r simple words1 & s9ce _! "t ! numb] ( int]pretations has increas$ to ov] a hundr$4 ,no "o w d5y t 9 our days !re exi/s a va/ multitude ( sects1 :i* are daily multiply+4 ,no "o w d5y7#adi7 t ?is multiply+ ( cre$s is a cry+ sc&al1 & a great /umbl+-block 9 ! way ( ! conv]sion ( hea!n nations4 ,no "o c d5y t ^! divisions 9 ! ,*ri/ian family are traceable to ! assumption ( ! "r ( private judgm5t4 ,e new-fl$g$ div9e1 ) a sup]ficial education1 imag9es t he has receiv$ a call f heav5 to inaugurate a new religion1 & he is ambiti\s ( h&+ d[n 8 fame to po/]ity by /amp+ 8 "n on a new sect4 ,& e "o ( ^! *ampions ( mod]n cre$s appeals to ! un*ang+ ,bible 9 support ( 8 ev]-*ang+ doctr9es4 ,?us1 "o body ( ,*ri/ians w prove f ! ,bible t !re is b "o ,p]son 9 ,god1 :ile ! re/ w prove f ! same s\rce t a ,tr9ity ( ,p]sons is a cle> article ( ,div9e ,revelation4 ,"o w prove f ! ,holy ,book t ,jesus ,*ri/ is n ,god4 ,o!rs w appeal to ! same text to atte/ ,8 ,div9ity4 ,"o d5om9ation w ass]t on ! au?ority ( ,scripture t infant baptism is n necess>y = salvation1 :ile o!rs w hold t x is4 ,"s ,*ri/ians1 ) ,bible 9 h&1 w tea* t !re are no sacram5ts4 ,o!rs w say t !re are only two4 ,"s w decl>e t ! inspir$ ,^w does n prea* ! et]nity ( puni%m5ts4 ,o!rs w say t ! ,bible di/9ctly v9dicates t dogma4 ,d n cl]gym5 appe> e day 9 ! pulpit1 & on ! au?ority ( ! ,book ( ,revelation po9t out to u ) pa9ful accuracy ! ye> & ! day on :i* ?is _w is to come to an end8 ,& :5 _! prophecy fails ( execution !y coolly put (f our de/ruction to ano!r "t4 ,v rec5tly sev]al hundr$ ,mormon wom5 pres5t$ a petition to ! gov]nm5t at ,wa%+ton prote/+ aga9/ any int]f]5ce ) _! abom9able polygamy & !y insi/ t _! *]i%$ sy/em is su/a9$ by ! ,^w ( ,god4 ,su* is ! legitimate fruit ( private int]pretation6 ,our civil gov]nm5t is run n by private judgm5t1 b by ! con/itut$ au?orities4 ,no "o 9 8 s5ses w\ld all[ our laws to be int]pret$1 & w> to be decl>$ by s5sational j\rnals1 or by any private individuals4 ,:y n apply ! same pr9ciple to ! int]pretation ( ! ,bible & ! gov]nm5t ( ! ,*ur*8 ,w\ld x n be extremely haz>d\s to make a long voyage 9 a %ip 9 :i* ! (fic]s & crew are fi]cely cont5d+ among !mselves ab\t ! mann] ( expla9+ ! compass & ( /e]+ _! c\rse8 ,h[ mu* m dang]\s is x to tru/ to cont5d+ capta9s 9 ! j\rney to heav56 ,no?+ %ort ( an infallible au?ority %\ld satisfy y :5 x is a "q ( /e]+ y\r c\rse to et]nity4 ,on ?is vital po9t !re %\ld be no conflict ( op9ion among ^? t guide y4 ,!re %\ld be no conjecture4 ,b !re mu/ be always someone at ! helm ^: voice gives assurance amid ! fi]ce/ /orms t all is well4 ,?ird--,a rule ( fai?1 or a compet5t guide to heav51 mu/ be able to in/ruct 9 all ! tru?s necess>y = salvation4 ,n[ ! ,scriptures alone d n conta9 all ! tru?s :i* a ,*ri/ian is b\nd to believe1 nor d !y explicitly enjo9 all ! duties :i* he is oblig$ to practice4 ,n to m5tion o!r examples1 is n e ,*ri/ian oblig$ to sanctify ,sunday & to ab/a9 on t day f unnecess>y s]vile "w8 ,is n ! obs]vance ( ?is law among ! mo/ prom95t ( our sacr$ duties8 ,b y may read ! ,bible f ,g5esis to ,revelation1 & y w n f9d a s+le l9e au?oriz+ ! sanctification ( ,sunday4 ,! ,scriptures en=ce ! religi\s obs]vance ( ,saturday1 a day :i* we nev] sanctify4 ,! ,ca?olic ,*ur* correctly tea*es t our ,"l & ,8 ,apo/les inculcat$ c]ta9 important duties ( religion :i* are n record$ by ! inspir$ writ]s47#aej7 ,= in/ance1 mo/ ,*ri/ians pray to ! ,holy ,gho/1 a practice :i* is n[h]e f\nd 9 ! ,bible4 ,we mu/1 !re=e1 conclude t ! ,scriptures alone _c be a suffici5t guide & rule ( fai? because !y _c1 at any "t1 be )9 ! rea* ( e inquir]2 because !y are n ( !mselves cle> & intelligible ev5 9 matt]s ( ! highe/ importance1 & because !y d n conta9 all ! tru?s necess>y = salvation4 ,god =bid t any ( my read]s %\ld be tempt$ to conclude f :at ,i h said t ! ,ca?olic ,*ur* is oppos$ to ! read+ ( ! ,scriptures1 or t %e is ! enemy ( ! ,bible4 ,! ,ca?olic ,*ur* ! enemy ( ! ,bible6 ,good ,god6 ,:at mon/r\s +ratitude6 ,:at base calumny is conta9$ 9 t ass]tion6 ,z well might y accuse ! ,virg9 ,"m ( try+ to cru% ! ,infant ,savior at h] brea/ z to accuse ! ,*ur*1 our ,"m1 ( attempt+ to cru% out ( exi/5ce ! ,^w ( ,god4 ,z well might y *>ge ! patriotic /atesman ) attempt+ to de/roy ! con/itution ( 8 c\ntry1 :ile he /rove to protect x f be+ mutilat$ by unpr9cipl$ demagogues4 ,= fifte5 c5turies ! ,*ur* 0 ! sole gu>dian & depository ( ! ,bible1 & if %e really fe>$ t sacr$ ,book1 :o 0 to prev5t h]1 dur+ t long p]iod1 f te>+ x 9 %r$s & scatt]+ x to ! w9ds8 ,%e c\ld h ?r[n x into ! sea1 z ! unnatural "m w\ld h ?r[n away h] (f-spr+1 & :o w\ld h be5 ! wis]8 ,:at has become ( ^? millions ( once fam\s books writt5 9 pa/ ages8 ,!y h ne>ly all p]i%$4 ,b amid ?is wreck ( anci5t lit]ature1 ! ,bible /&s almo/ a solit>y monum5t l ! ,pyramids ( ,egypt amid ! surr\nd+ wa/es4 ,t v5]able ,volume has surviv$ ! w>s & revolutions & ! b>b>ic invasions ( fifte5 c5turies4 ,:o rescu$ x f de/ruction8 ,! ,ca?olic ,*ur*4 ,)\t h] fo/]+ c>e ! ,new ,te/am5t w\ld probably be z little kn[n today z 8! ,book ( ! days ( ! k+s ( ,israel407#aea7 ,little d we imag9e1 9 our age ( /eam pr9t+1 h[ mu* labor x co/ ! ,*ur* to pres]ve & p]petuate ! ,sacr$ ,scriptures4 ,le>n$ monks1 :o are n[ abus$ 9 _! graves by ?\ghtless m51 7 con/antly employ$ 9 copy+ ) ! p5 ! ,holy ,bible4 ,:5 "o monk di$ at 8 po/ ano!r took 8 place1 wat*+ l a fai?ful s5t9el ov] ! treasure ( ,god's ,^w4 ,let me give y a few pla9 facts to %[ ! pa9s :i* ! ,*ur* has tak5 to p]petuate ! ,scriptures4 ,! ,canon ( ! ,bible1 z we h se51 0 fram$ 9 ! f\r? c5tury4 ,9 t same c5tury ,pope ,damasus comm&$ a new & complete translation ( ! ,scriptures to be made into ! ,lat9 language1 :i* 0 !n ! liv+ tongue n only ( ,rome & ,italy1 b ( ! civiliz$ _w4 ,if ! ,popes 7 afraid t ! ,bible %\ld see ! light1 ?is 0 a s+ul> way ( manife/+ _! fe>4 ,! task ( prep>+ a new edition ( ! ,scriptures 0 assign$ to ,/4 ,j]ome1 ! mo/ le>n$ ,hebrew s*ol> ( 8 "t4 ,?is new translation 0 dissem9at$ ?r\gh\t ,*ri/5dom1 & on t acc\nt 0 call$ ! ,vulgate1 or popul> edition4 ,9 ! six? & sev5? c5turies ! mod]n languages ( ,europe began to spr+ up l s _m %oots f ! p>5t ,lat9 /ock4 ,! ,scriptures1 also1 soon f\nd _! way into ^! languages4 ,! ,v5]able ,b$e1 :o liv$ 9 ,engl& 9 ! eigh? c5tury1 & ^: "n is pr(\ndly rev]5c$ 9 t c\ntry1 translat$ ! ,sacr$ ,scriptures into ,saxon1 :i* 0 !n ! language ( ,engl&4 ,he di$ :ile dictat+ ! la/ v]ses ( ,/4 ,john's ,gospel4 ,?omas ,arundel1 ,ar*bi%op ( ,cant]bury1 9 a fun]al disc\rse on ,que5 ,anne1 consort ( ,ri*>d ,,ii41 pron\nc$ 9 #acid1 praises h] = h] dilig5ce 9 read+ ! f\r ,gospels4 ,! ,head ( ! ,*ur* ( ,engl& c\ld n condemn 9 o!rs :at he comm5d$ 9 ! que54 ,sir ,?omas ,m affirms t1 be=e ! days ( ,wycliffe1 !re 0 an ,engli% v]sion ( ! ,scriptures1 8by good & godly p ) devotion & sob]ness well & rev]5tly read407#aeb7 ,if p>tial re/rictions began to be plac$ on ! circulation ( ! ,bible 9 ,engl& 9 ! fifte5? c5tury1 ^! re/rictions 7 occasion$ by ! conduct ( ,wycliffe & 8 foll[]s1 :o n only issu$ a new translation1 on :i* !y engraft$ _! novelties ( doctr9e1 b also s\ght to expla9 ! sacr$ text 9 a s5se =eign to ! receiv$ int]pretation ( tradition4 ,:ile labor+ to diffuse ! ,^w ( ,god x is ! duty1 z well z ! "r ( ! ,*ur*1 z ! gu>dian ( fai?1 to see t ! fai?ful are n misl$ by uns\nd editions4 ,pr9t+ 0 inv5t$ 9 ! fifte5? c5tury1 & almo/ a hundr$ ye>s lat] came ! ,re=mation4 ,x is (t5 triumphantly said1 & ,i suppose !re are "s :o1 ev5 at ! pres5t day1 are ignorant en\gh to believe ! ass]tion1 t ! fir/ edition ( ! ,bible ev] publi%$ aft] ! inv5tion ( pr9t+ 0 ! edition ( ,m>t9 ,lu!r4 ,! fact is1 t be=e ,lu!r put 8 p5 to pap]1 no few] ?an fifty-six editions ( ! ,scriptures _h appe>$ on ! cont95t ( ,europe1 n to speak ( ^? pr9t$ 9 ,great ,brita94 ,( ^? editions1 tw5ty-"o 7 publi%$ 9 ,g]man1 "o 9 ,spani%1 f\r 9 ,fr5*1 tw5ty-"o 9 ,italian1 five 9 ,flemi% & f\r 9 ,bohemian4 ,com+ d[n to our own times1 if y op5 an ,engli% ,ca?olic ,bible y w f9d 9 ! preface a lett] ( ,pope ,pius ,,vi41 9 :i* he /rongly recomm5ds ! pi\s read+ ( ! ,holy ,scriptures4 ,a ,pope's lett] is ! mo/ weighty au?ority 9 ! ,*ur*4 ,y w also f9d 9 ,haydock's ,bible ! lett]s ( ! ,bi%ops ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 9 :i* !y express ! hope t ?is spl5did edition w\ld h a wide circulation among _! flocks4 ,^! facts ought1 ,i ?9k1 to conv9ce e c&id m9d t ! ,*ur*1 f> f be+ oppos$ to ! read+ ( ! ,scriptures1 does all %e c to enc\rage _! p]usal4 ,a g5tleman ( ,nor? ,c>ol9a lately in=m$ me t ! fir/ "t he ent]$ a ,ca?olic book/ore he 0 surpris$ at witness+ on ! %elves an impos+ array ( ,bibles = sale4 ,up to t mom5t he _h believ$ ! unf\nd$ *>ge t ,ca?olics 7 =bidd5 to read ! ,scriptures4 ,he has s9ce embrac$ ! ,ca?olic fai?4 ,& p]haps ,i may be p]mitt$ "h to record my p]sonal exp]i5ces dur+ a long c\rse ( /udy4 ,i speak ( myself1 n because my case is exceptional1 b1 on ! contr>y1 because my example w s]ve to illu/rate ! sy/em pursu$ t[>d ecclesia/ical /ud5ts 9 all colleges ?r\gh\t ! ,ca?olic _w 9 ref]5ce to ! ,holy ,scriptures4 ,9 our c\rse ( ,humanities we li/5$ e day to ! read+ ( ! ,bible4 ,:5 we 7 advanc$ to ! high] bran*es ( ,philosophy & ,!ology ! /udy ( ! ,sacr$ ,scriptures =m$ an important "p ( our education4 ,we read1 besides1 e day a *apt] ( ! ,new ,te/am5t1 n /&+ or sitt+1 b on our knees1 & !n rev]5tly kiss$ ! inspir$ page4 ,we li/5$ at our meals ea* day to selections f ! ,bible1 & we always c>ri$ ab\t ) u a copy ( ! ,new ,te/am5t4 ,s famili>1 inde$1 7 ! /ud5ts ) ! sacr$ ,volume t _m ( !m1 on li/5+ to a few v]ses1 c\ld tell f :at portion ( ! ,scriptures y 7 read+4 ,! only dread we 7 taught to h ( ! ,scriptures 0 t ( read+ !m )\t fe> & rev]5ce4 ,& aft] 8 ord9ation e ,prie/ is oblig$ 9 consci5ce to devote upw>ds ( an h\r ea* day to ! p]usal ( ! ,^w ( ,god4 ,i am n aw>e t cl]gym5 ( o!r d5om9ations are b\nd by ! same duty4 ,:at is good = ! cl]gy mu/ be good1 also1 = ! laity4 ,be assur$ t if y become a ,ca?olic y w nev] be =bidd5 to read ! ,bible4 ,x is our e>ne/ wi% t e ^w ( ! ,gospel may be impr9t$ on y\r memory & on y\r he>t4 ,*apt] ,,ix4 ,,! ,,primacy ,,( ,,pet]4 ,! ,ca?olic ,*ur* tea*es also1 t our ,"l conf]r$ on ,/4 ,pet] ! fir/ place ( honor & jurisdiction 9 ! gov]nm5t ( ,8 :ole ,*ur*1 & t ! same spiritual supremacy has always resid$ 9 ! ,popes1 or ,bi%ops ( ,rome1 z be+ ! successors ( ,/4 ,pet]4 ,consequ5tly1 to be true foll[]s ( ,*ri/ all ,*ri/ians1 bo? among ! cl]gy & ! laity1 mu/ be 9 communion ) ! ,see ( ,rome1 :]e ,pet] rules 9 ! p]son ( 8 successor4 ,be=e com+ to any direct pro(s on ?is subject ,i may /ate t1 9 ! ,old ,law1 ! ,high ,prie/ appo9t$ by ,almighty ,god fill$ an (fice analog\s to t ( ,pope 9 ! ,new ,law4 ,9 ! ,jewi% ,*ur* !re 7 ,prie/s & ,levites orda9$ to m9i/] at ! alt>2 & !re 01 also1 a supreme ecclesia/ical tribunal1 ) ! ,high ,prie/ at its head4 ,all matt]s ( religi\s controv]sy 7 ref]r$ to ?is tribunal & 9 ! la/ resort to ! ,high ,prie/1 ^: decision 0 en=c$ "u pa9 ( dea?4 8,if !re be a h>d matt] 9 judgm5t betwe5 blood & blood1 cause & cause1 leprosy & leprosy1 444 ?\ %alt come to ! ,prie/s ( ! ,levitical race & to ! judge1 444 & !y %all %[ !e true judgm5t4 ,& ?\ %alt d :atev] !y say :o preside 9 ! place :i* ! ,"l %all *oose1 & ?\ %alt foll[ _! s5t5ce4 ,& ?\ %alt n decl9e to ! "r h&1 or to ! left4444 ,b he t 444 w refuse to obey ! comm&m5t ( ! ,prie/1 :o m9i/]e? at ! "t1 444 t man %all die1 & ?\ %alt take away ! evil f ,israel407#aec7 ,f ?is passage x is evid5t t 9 ! ,hebrew ,*ur* ! ,high ,prie/ _h ! highe/ jurisdiction 9 religi\s matt]s4 ,by ?is means unity ( fai? & wor%ip 0 pres]v$ among ! p ( ,god4 ,n[ ! ,jewi% synagogue1 z ,/4 ,paul te/ifies1 0 ! type & figure ( ! ,*ri/ian ,*ur*2 = 8all ^! ?+s happ5$ to !m 7! ,jews7 9 figure407#aed7 ,we mu/1 !re=e1 f9d 9 ! ,*ur* ( ,*ri/ a spiritual judge1 ex]cis+ ! same supreme au?ority z ! ,high ,prie/ wield$ 9 ! ,old ,law4 ,= if a supreme ,pontiff 0 necess>y1 9 ! ,mosaic disp5sation1 to ma9ta9 purity & uni=mity ( wor%ip1 ! same dignit>y is equally necess>y n[ to pres]ve unity ( fai?4 ,e well-regulat$ civil gov]nm5t has an ackn[l$g$ head4 ,! ,presid5t is ! head ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,gov]nm5t4 ,que5 ,victoria is ! rul] ( ,great ,brita94 ,! ,sultan sways ! ,turki% ,empire4 ,if ^! nations _h no au?oriz$ lead] to gov]n !m !y w\ld be r$uc$ to ! condition ( a m]e mob1 & an>*y1 confusion & civil w> w\ld inevitably foll[1 z rec5tly happ5$ to ,france aft] ! fall ( ,napoleon ,,iii4 ,ev5 9 e well-ord]$ family1 dome/ic peace requires t someone preside4 ,n[1 ! ,*ur* ( ,*ri/ is a visible society--t is1 a society compos$ ( human be+s4 ,%e has1 x is true1 a spiritual end 9 view2 b hav+ to deal ) m51 %e mu/ h a gov]nm5t z well z e o!r organiz$ society4 ,?is gov]nm5t1 at lea/ 9 its ess5tial elem5ts1 our ,"l mu/ h e/abli%$ = ,8 ,*ur*4 ,= 0 ,he n z wise z human legislators8 ,& %all we suppose t1 ( all lawgiv]s1 ! ,wisdom ,inc>nate alone left ,8 ,k+dom on e>? to be gov]n$ )\t a head8 ,b someone w tell me3 8,we d n d5y t ! ,*ur* has a head4 ,god himself is its ,rul]40 ,?is is evad+ ! real "q4 ,is n ,god ! ,rul] ( all gov]nm5ts8 8,by ,me10 ,he says1 8k+s reign1 & lawgiv]s decree j ?+s407#aee7 ,he is ! recogniz$ ,head ( our ,republic1 & ( e ,*ri/ian family 9 ! l&2 b1 nev]!less1 !re is always presid+ ov] ! c\ntry a visible *ief1 :o repres5ts ,god on e>?4 ,9 l mann] ! ,*ur*1 besides an invisible ,head 9 heav51 mu/ h a visible head on e>?4 ,! body & memb]s ( ! ,*ur* are visible2 :y n also ! ,head8 ,! ,*ur* )\t a supreme ,rul] w\ld be l an army )\t a g5]al1 a navy )\t an admiral1 a %eep-fold )\t a %eph]d1 or l a human body )\t a head4 ,! ,*ri/ian communities sep>at$ f ! ,ca?olic ,*ur* d5y t ,pet] receiv$ any au?ority ov] ! o!r ,apo/les1 & h5ce !y reject ! supremacy ( ! ,pope4 ,! abs5ce f ! ,prote/ant communions ( a ,div9ely appo9t$1 visible ,head is to !m an endless s\rce ( weakness & diss5sion4 ,x is an insup]able b>ri] aga9/ any hope ( a p]man5t reunion among !mselves1 because !y are left )\t a common rally+ c5tre or basis ( union & are plac$ 9 an unhappy /ate ( s*ism4 ,! exi/5ce1 on ! contr>y1 ( a supreme judge ( controv]sy 9 ! ,ca?olic ,*ur* is ! secret ( h] admirable unity4 ,?is is ! key/one t b9ds toge!r & /r5g!ns ! imp]i%able ar* ( fai?4 ,f ! v fact1 !n1 ( ! exi/5ce ( a supreme ,head 9 ! ,jewi% ,*ur*2 f ! fact t a ,head is always necess>y = civil gov]nm5t1 = families & corporations2 f ! fact1 especially1 t a visible ,head is ess5tial to ! ma9t5ance ( unity 9 ! ,*ur*1 :ile ! abs5ce ( a ,head necess>ily leads to an>*y1 we are =c$ to conclude1 ev5 ?\gh positive evid5ce 7 want+1 t1 9 ! e/abli%m5t ( ,8 ,*ur*1 x mu/ h ent]$ into ! m9d ( ! ,div9e ,lawgiv] to place ov] x a primate inve/$ ) sup]ior judicial p[]s4 ,b h we any positive pro( t ,*ri/ did appo9t a supreme ,rul] ov] ,8 ,*ur*8 ,to ^?1 inde$1 :o read ! ,scriptures ) ! s+le eye ( pure int5tion ! mo/ abundant evid5ce ( ?is fact is furni%$4 ,to my m9d ! ,new ,te/am5t e/abli%es no doctr9e1 unless x satisfies e c&id read] t our ,"l gave pl5ipot5ti>y p[]s to ,pet] to gov]n ! :ole ,*ur*4 ,9 ?is *apt] ,i %all speak ( ! ,promise1 ! ,in/itution1 & ! ex]cise ( ,pet]'s ,primacy1 z record$ 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t4 ,! next *apt] %all be devot$ to its p]petuity 9 ! ,popes4 ,promise ( ! ,primacy4 ,our ,savi\r1 on a c]ta9 occasion1 ask$ ,8 disciples1 say+3 8,:om d m5 say t ! ,son ( ,man is8 ,& !y said3 ,"s say t ,?\ art ,john ! ,bapti/2 & o!rs1 ,elias2 & o!rs1 ,j]emiah1 or "o ( ! ,prophets4 ,jesus sai? to !m3 ,b :om d ye say t ,i am80 ,pet]1 z usual1 is ! lead] & spokesman4 8,simon ,pet] answ]+1 said3 ,?\ art ,*ri/1 ! ,son ( ! liv+ ,god4 ,& ,jesus answ]+ said to him3 ,bless$ art ?\1 ,simon ,b>-,jona3 because fle% & blood ha? n reveal$ x to !e1 b ,my ,fa!r :o is 9 heav54 ,& ,i say to !e3 t ?\ art ,pet]1 & ^u ?is rock ,i w build ,my ,*ur*1 & ! gates ( hell %all n prevail aga9/ x4 ,& ,i w give to !e ! keys ( ! ,k+dom ( ,heav53 & :atsoev] ?\ %alt b9d on e>? %all be b\nd also 9 heav52 & :atsoev] ?\ %alt loose on e>? %all be loos$ also heav5407#aef7 ,"h we f9d ,pet] confess+ ! ,div9ity ( ,*ri/1 & 9 rew>d = t confession he is honor$ ) ! promise ( ! ,primacy4 ,our ,savior1 by ! words 8?\ art ,pet]10 cle>ly alludes to ! new "n :i* ,he ,himself _h conf]r$ ^u ,simon1 :5 ,he receiv$ him into ! numb] ( ,8 foll[]s 7,john i4 #db72 & ,he n[ reveals ! reason = ! *ange ( "n1 :i* 0 to ins9uate ! honor ,he 0 to conf] on him1 by appo9t+ him ,presid5t ( ! ,*ri/ian ,republic2 j z ,god1 9 ! ,old ,law1 *ang$ ,abram's "n to ,abraham1 :5 ,he *ose him to be ! fa!r ( a mighty nation4 ,! ^w ,pet]1 9 ! ,syro-,*aldaic tongue1 :i* our ,savior spoke1 means a rock4 ,! s5t5ce runs ?us 9 t language3 8,?\ art a rock1 & on ?is rock ,i w build ,my ,*ur*40 ,inde$1 all respectable ,prote/ant comm5tators h n[ ab&on$1 & ev5 ridicule1 ! absurdity ( apply+ ! ^w rock to anyone b to ,pet]2 z ! s5t5ce c be> no o!r con/ruction1 unless our ,"l's good gramm> & common s5se are call$ 9 "q4 ,jesus1 our ,"l1 f\nd$ b "o ,*ur*1 :i* ,he 0 pleas$ to build on ,pet]4 ,!re=e1 any *ur* t does n recognize ,pet] z its f\ndation /one is n ! ,*ur* ( ,*ri/1 & !re=e _c /&1 = x is n ! "w ( ,god4 ,?is is pla94 ,w\ld to ,god t all w\ld see x aright & ) eyes free f prejudice4 ,he cont9ues3 8,& ,i w give to !e ! keys ( ! ,k+dom ( ,heav510 etc4 ,9 anci5t times1 & p>ticul>ly among ! ,hebrew p1 keys 7 an emblem ( jurisdiction4 ,to affirm t a man _h receiv$ ! keys ( a city 0 equival5t to ! ass]tion t he _h be5 appo9t$ its gov]nor4 ,9 ! ,book ( ,revelation our ,savior says t ,he has 8! keys ( dea? & ( hell107#aeg7 :i* means t ,he is end[$ ) p[] ov] dea? & hell4 ,9 fact1 ev5 to ?is day does n ! pres5tation ( keys convey among ourselves ! idea ( au?ority8 ,if ! proprietor ( a h\se1 on leav+ x = ! summ]1 says to any fri5d3 8,"h are ! keys ( my h\se10 w\ld n ?is simple decl>ation1 )\t a ^w ( explanation1 convey ! idea1 8,i give y full control ( my h\se2 y may admit or exclude :om y please2 y repres5t me 9 my abs5ce80 ,let u n[ apply ?is int]pretation to our ,r$eem]'s words4 ,:5 ,he says to ,pet]3 8,i w give to !e ! keys10 etc41 ,he evid5tly means3 ,i w give ! supreme au?ority ov] ,my ,*ur*1 :i* is ! citadel ( fai?1 ,my e>?ly ,j]usalem4 ,?\ & ?y successors %all be ,my visible repres5tatives to ! end ( "t4 ,& be x rememb]$ t to ,pet] alone1 & to no o!r ,apo/le1 7 ^! solemn words address$4 ,fulfillm5t ( ! ,promise4 ,! promise :i* our ,r$eem] made ( creat+ ,pet] ! supreme rul] ( ,8 ,*ur* is fulfill$ 9 ! foll[+ passage3 8,jesus sai? to ,simon ,pet]3 ,simon1 son ( ,john1 love/ ?\ ,me m ?an ^!8 ,he sai? to ,him3 ,yea1 ,"l1 ,?\ kn[e/ t ,i love ,!e4 ,he sai? to him3 ,fe$ ,my lambs4 ,he sai? to him aga93 ,simon1 son ( ,john1 love/ ?\ ,me8 ,he sai? to ,him3 ,yea1 ,"l1 ,?\ kn[e/ t ,i love ,!e4 ,he sai? to him3 ,fe$ ,my lambs4 ,he sai? to him ! ?ird "t3 ,simon1 son ( ,john1 love/ ?\ ,me8 ,pet] 0 griev$ because ,he _h said to him ! ?ird "t3 ,love/ ?\ ,me8 ,& he said to ,him3 ,"l1 ,?\ kn[e/ all ?+s4 ,?\ kn[e/ t ,i love ,!e4 ,he said to him3 ,fe$ ,my %eep407#aeh7 ,^! words 7 address$ by our ,"l to ,pet] aft] ,8 resurrection4 ,! :ole %eep-fold ( ,*ri/ is confid$ to him1 )\t any exception or limitation4 ,pet] has jurisdiction n only ov] ! lambs--! weak & t5d] portion ( ! flock--by :i* are und]/ood ! fai?ful2 b also ov] ! %eep1 i4e41 ! ,pa/ors !mselves1 :o hold ! same relations to _! congregations t ! %eep hold to ! lambs1 because !y br+ =? unto ,jesus ,*ri/1 & n\ri% ! spiritual lambs ( ! fold4 ,to o!r ,pa/ors a c]ta9 portion ( ! flock is assign$2 to ,pet] ! entire fold2 =1 nev] did ,jesus say to any o!r ,apo/le or ,bi%op :at ,he said to ,pet]3 ,fe$ ,my :ole flock4 ,c&id read]1 d y n pr(ess to be a memb] ( ,*ri/'s flock8 ,yes1 y answ]4 ,d y take y\r spiritual food f ,pet] & 8 successor1 & d y he> ! voice ( ,pet]1 or h y w&]$ into ! fold ( /rang]s :o spurn ,pet]'s voice8 ,pond] well ?is mom5t\s "q4 ,= if ,pet] is au?oriz$ to fe$ ! lambs ( ,*ri/'s flock1 ! lambs %\ld he> ,pet]'s voice4 ,ex]cise ( ! ,primacy4 ,9 ! ,acts ( ! ,apo/les1 :i* conta9 almo/ ! only ,scripture n>rative t exi/s ( ! ,apo/les subsequ5t to our ,"l's asc5sion1 ,/4 ,pet] appe>s be=e u1 l ,saul among ! tribes1 /&+ head & %\ld]s ov] 8 bre?r5 by ! prom95t "p he takes 9 e m9i/]ial duty4 ,! fir/ twelve *apt]s ( ! ,acts are devot$ to ,pet] & to "s ( ! o!r ,apo/les1 ! rema9+ *apt]s be+ *iefly occupi$ ) ! labors ( ! ,apo/les ( ! ,g5tiles4 ,9 t brief hi/orical fragm5t1 z well z 9 ! ,gospels1 ! "n ( ,pet] is ev]y:]e pre-em95t4 ,pet]'s "n always /&s fir/ 9 ! li/ ( ! ,apo/les1 :ile ,judas ,isc>iot is inv>iably m5tion$ la/47#aei7 ,pet] is ev5 call$ by ,/4 ,mat!w ! fir/ ,apo/le4 ,n[ ,pet] 0 fir/ nei!r 9 age nor 9 priority ( election1 8 eld] bro!r ,&rew hav+ be5 *os5 be=e him4 ,! mean+1 !re=e1 ( ! expression mu/ be t ,pet] 0 fir/ n only 9 rank & honor1 b also 9 au?ority4 ,pet] is ! fir/ ,apo/le :o p]=m$ a miracle47#afj7 ,he is ! fir/ to address ! ,jews 9 ,j]usalem :ile 8 ,apo/olic bre?r5 /& respectfully ar\nd him1 ^u :i* occasion he conv]ts ?ree ?\s& s\ls47#afa7 ,pet] is ! fir/ to make conv]ts f ! ,g5tile _w 9 ! p]sons ( ,cornelius & 8 fri5ds47#afb7 ,:5 !re is "q ( elect+ a successor to ,judas ,pet] alone speaks4 ,he po9ts out to ! ,apo/les & disciples ! duty ( *oos+ ano!r to succe$ ! traitor4 ,! ,apo/les sil5tly acquiesce 9 ! in/ructions ( _! lead]47#afc7 ,9 ! ,apo/olic ,c\ncil ( ,j]usalem ,pet] is ! fir/ ^: s5tim5ts are record$4 ,be=e 8 disc\rse 8!re 0 mu* disput+40 ,b :5 he _h ceas$ to speak 8all ! multitude held _! peace407#afd7 ,/4 ,james & ! o!r ,apo/les concur 9 ! s5tim5ts ( ,pet] )\t a s+le diss5t+ voice4 ,/4 ,james is ca/ into prison by ,h]od & aft]w>d behead$4 ,he 0 "o ( ! ?ree mo/ favor$ ,apo/les4 ,he 0 ! c\s9 ( our ,"l & bro!r ( ,/4 ,john4 ,he 0 mo/ de> to ! fai?ful4 ,yet no extraord9>y ef=ts are made by ! fai?ful to rescue him f dea?4 ,pet] is imprison$ ab\t ! same "t4 ,! :ole ,*ur* is ar\s$4 ,pray]s = 8 deliv]ance asc5d to heav51 n only f ,j]usalem b also f e ,*ri/ian family 9 ! l&47#afe7 ,! army ( ! ,"l c af=d to lose a *iefta9 9 ! p]son ( ,james1 b x _c yet sp>e ! comm&]-9-*ief4 ,! enemies ( ! ,*ur* _h hop$ t ! de/ruction ( ! *ief %eph]d w\ld involve ! disp]sion ( ! :ole flock2 !re=e !y r$\bl$ _! fury aga9/ ! ,pr9ce ( ! ,apo/les1 j z h] mod]n enemies conc5trate _! %afts aga9/ ! ,pope1 8 successor4 ,does n ?is incid5t eloqu5tly proclaim ,pet]'s sup]ior au?ority8 ,9 fact ,pet] figures s conspicu\sly 9 e page t 8 ,primacy is n only admissible1 b is =c$ on ! judgm5t ( ! imp>tial read]4 ,:at are ! pr9cipal objections advanc$ aga9/ ! ,primacy ( ,pet]8 ,!y are *iefly1 ,i may say exclusively1 conf9$ to ! ?ree foll[+3 ,fir/--,t our ,"l rebuk$ ,pet]4 ,second--,t ,/4 ,paul criticis$ 8 conduct on a po9t n affect+ doctr9e1 b discipl9e4 ,! ,apo/le ( ! ,g5tiles blames ,/4 ,pet] because he )drew = a "t f ! society ( ! ,g5tile conv]ts1 = fe> ( sc&aliz+ ! newly-conv]t$ ,jews47#aff7 ,?ird--,t ! supremacy ( ,pet] conflicts ) ! supreme dom9ion ( ,*ri/4 ,= my "p ,i _c see h[ ^! objections c invalidate ! claims ( ,pet]4 ,0 n ,jesus ,pet]'s sup]ior8 ,may n a sup]ior rebuke 8 s]vant )\t infr++ on ! s]vant's pr]ogatives8 ,& :y c\ld n ,/4 ,paul c5sure ! conduct ( ,/4 ,pet] )\t que/ion+ t sup]ior's au?ority8 ,x is n a v uncommon ?+ = ecclesia/ics occupy+ an inf]ior position 9 ! ,*ur* to admoni% ev5 ! ,pope4 ,/4 ,b]n>d1 ?\gh only a monk1 wrote a "w 9 :i*1 ) ,apo/olic fre$om1 he adm9i/]s c\nsel to ,pope ,eug5ius ,,iii41 & cautions him aga9/ ! dang]s to :i* 8 em95t position exposes him4 ,yet no man _h m rev]5ce = any ,pope ?an ,b]n>d _h = ?is great ,pontiff4 ,_c our ,gov]nor animadv]t ^u ! ,presid5t's conduct )\t impair+ ! ,presid5t's jurisdiction8 ,nay1 f ?is v circum/ance1 ,i draw a confirm+ evid5ce ( ,pet]'s supremacy4 ,/4 ,paul m5tions x z a fact wor?y ( record t he actually )/ood ,pet] to 8 face4 ,d y ?9k x w\ld be wor? record+ if ,paul _h rebuk$ ,james or ,john or ,b>nabas8 ,by no means4 ,if "o bro!r rebukes ano!r1 ! matt] excites no special att5tion4 ,b if a son rebukes 8 fa!r1 or if a ,prie/ rebukes 8 ,bi%op to 8 face1 we und]/& :y he w\ld consid] x a fact wor? relat+4 ,h5ce1 :5 ,/4 ,paul goes to ! tr\ble ( tell+ u t he took exception to ,pet]'s conduct1 he m5tions x z an extraord9>y ex]cise ( ,apo/olic fre$om1 & leaves on our m9d ! obvi\s inf]5ce t ,pet] 0 8 sup]ior4 ,9 ! v same ,epi/le to ! ,galatians ,/4 ,paul pla9ly ins9uates ,/4 ,pet]'s sup]ior rank4 8,i w5t10 he says1 8to ,j]usalem to see ,pet]1 & ,i t>ri$ ) him fifte5 days407#afg7 ,sa9ts ,*ryso/om & ,ambrose tell u t ?is 0 n an idle visit ( c]emony1 b t ! object ( ,/4 ,paul 9 mak+ ! j\rney 0 to te/ify 8 respect & honor = ! *ief ( ! ,apo/les4 ,/4 ,j]ome obs]ves 9 a humor\s ve9 t 8,paul w5t n to behold ,pet]'s eyes1 8 *eeks or 8 c\nt5ance1 :e!r he 0 ?9 or /\t1 ) nose /raight or twi/$1 cov]$ ) hair or bald1 n to obs]ve ! outw>d man1 b to %[ honor to ! fir/ ,apo/le40 ,!re are o!rs :o pret5d1 9 spite ( our ,"l's decl>ation to ! contr>y1 t loyalty to ,pet] is disloyalty to ,*ri/1 & t1 by ackn[l$g+ ,pet] z ! rock on :i* ! ,*ur* is built1 we set our ,savior aside4 ,s f> f ?is be+ ! case1 we ackn[l$ge ,jesus ,*ri/ z ! 8*ief corn]/one10 z well z ! ,div9e ,ar*itect ( ! build+4 ,! true te/ ( loyalty to ,jesus is n only to wor%ip ,him1 b to v5]ate ev5 ! repres5tatives :om ,he has *os54 ,w anyone pret5d to say t my ob$i5ce to ! ,gov]nor's appo9tee is a m>k ( disrespect to ! ,gov]nor himself8 ,i ?9k our ,/ate ,executive w\ld h little fai? 9 ! allegiance ( any citiz5 :o w\ld say to him3 8,gov]nor1 ,i honor y p]sonally1 b y\r (ficial's ord] ,i %all disreg>d40 ,/4 ,pet] is call$ ! fir/ ,bi%op ( ,rome because he transf]r$ 8 see f ,antio* to ,rome1 :]e he suff]$ m>tyrdom ) ,/4 ,paul4 ,we are n surpris$ t mod]n skepticism1 :i* rejects ! ,div9ity ( ,*ri/ & d5ies ev5 ! exi/5ce ( ,god1 %\ld call 9 "q ! fact t ,/4 ,pet] liv$ & di$ 9 ,rome4 ,! reason commonly alleg$ = disput+ ?is well-atte/$ ev5t is t ! ,acts ( ! ,apo/les make no m5tion ( ,pet]'s labors & m>tyrdom 9 ,rome4 ,= ! same reason we might d5y t ,/4 ,paul 0 behead$ 9 ,rome2 t ,/4 ,john di$ 9 ,ephesus1 & t ,/4 ,&rew 0 crucifi$4 ,! ,scripture is sil5t reg>d+ ^! hi/orical records1 & yet !y are d5i$ by no "o4 ,! intr9sic evid5ce ( ,/4 ,pet]'s fir/ ,epi/le1 ! te/imony ( 8 imm$iate successors 9 ! m9i/ry1 z well z ! av[al ( em95t ,prote/ant comm5tators1 all concur 9 fix+ ! ,see ( ,pet] 9 ,rome4 8,babylon10 f :i* ,pet] addresses 8 fir/ ,epi/le1 is und]/ood by le>n$ annotators1 ,prote/ant & ,ca?olic1 to ref] to ,rome--! ^w ,babylon be+ symbolical ( ! corruption !n prevail+ 9 ! city ( ! ,cs>s4 ,clem5t1 ! f\r? ,bi%op ( ,rome1 :o is m5tion$ 9 t]ms ( praise by ,/4 ,paul2 ,/4 ,ignatius1 ,bi%op ( ,antio*1 :o di$ 9 #aje2 ,ir5u1 ,orig51 ,/4 ,j]ome1 ,eusebius1 ! great hi/orian1 & o!r em95t writ]s te/ify to ,/4 ,pet]'s resid5ce 9 ,rome1 :ile no anci5t ecclesia/ical writ] has ev] contradict$ ! /atem5t4 ,john ,calv91 a witness above suspicion2 ,cave1 an able ,anglican critic2 ,grotius & o!r di/+ui%$ ,prote/ant writ]s1 d n hesitate to re-e*o ! unanim\s voice ( ,ca?olic tradition4 ,inde$1 no hi/orical fact w escape ! %afts ( incr$ulity1 if ,/4 ,pet]'s resid5ce & glori\s m>tyrdom 9 ,rome are call$ 9 "q4 ,*apt] ,x4 ,,! ,,supremacy ,,( ,,! ,,popes4 ,! ,*ur* did n die ) ,pet]4 ,x 0 de/9$ to cont9ue till ! end ( "t2 consequ5tly1 :atev] (ficial pr]ogatives 7 conf]r$ on ,pet] 7 n to cease at 8 dea?1 b 7 to be h&$ d[n to 8 successors f g5]ation to g5]ation4 ,! ,*ur* is 9 all ages z mu* 9 ne$ ( a ,supreme ,rul] z x 0 9 ! days ( ! ,apo/les4 ,nay1 m2 z ! ,*ur* is n[ m widely diffus$ ?an x 0 !n1 & is rul$ by frail] m51 x is m ?an ev] 9 ne$ ( a c5tral p[] to pres]ve its unity ( fai? & uni=mity ( discipl9e4 ,:atev] privileges1 !re=e1 7 conf]r$ on ,pet] :i* may be consid]$ ess5tial to ! gov]nm5t ( ! ,*ur* are inh]it$ by ! ,bi%ops ( ,rome1 z successors ( ! ,pr9ce ( ! ,apo/les2 j z ! con/itutional p[]s giv5 to ,george ,wa%+ton h devolv$ on ! pres5t incumb5t ( ! ,presid5tial *air4 ,pet]1 x is true1 besides ! pr]ogatives inh]5t 9 8 (fice1 possess$ also ! gift ( inspiration & ! p[] ( work+ miracles4 ,^! two latt] gifts are n claim$ by ! ,pope1 z !y 7 p]sonal to ,pet] & by no means ess5tial to ! gov]nm5t ( ! ,*ur*4 ,god acts t[>d ,8 ,*ur* z we deal ) a t5d] sapl+4 ,:5 we fir/ plant x we wat] x & s(t5 ! clay ab\t its roots4 ,b :5 x takes deep root we leave x to ! c>e ( ,nature's laws4 ,9 l mann]1 :5 ,*ri/ fir/ plant$ ,8 ,*ur* ,he n\ri%$ its infancy by miracul\s ag5cy2 b :5 x grew to be a tree ( fair proportions ,he left x to be gov]n$ by ! g5]al laws ( ,8 ,provid5ce4 ,f :at ,i h said y c easily inf] t ! argum5ts 9 favor ( ,pet]'s ,primacy h equal weight 9 demon/rat+ ! supremacy ( ! ,popes4 ,z ! pres5t "q1 h[ev]1 is a subject ( va/ importance1 ,i %all endeavor to %[1 f inconte/able hi/orical evid5ce1 t ! ,popes h always1 f ! days ( ! ,apo/les1 cont9u$ to ex]cise supreme jurisdiction n only 9 ! ,we/]n ,*ur* till ! ,re=mation1 b also ?r\gh\t ! ,ea/]n ,*ur* till ! great s*ism ( ! n9? c5tury4 ,fir/--,take ! "q ( appeals4 ,an appeal is nev] made f a sup]ior to an inf]ior c\rt1 nor ev5 f "o c\rt to ano!r ( co-ord9ate jurisdiction4 ,we d n appeal f ,wa%+ton to ,ri*mond1 b f ,ri*mond to ,wa%+ton4 ,n[1 if we f9d ! ,see ( ,rome f ! f\ndation ( ,*ri/ianity ent]ta9+ & decid+ cases ( appeal f ! ,ori5tal *ur*es2 if we f9d t h] decision 0 f9al & irrevocable1 we mu/ conclude t ! supremacy ( ,rome ov] all ! *ur*es is an und5iable fact4 ,let me give y a few illu/rations3 ,to beg9 ) ,pope ,/4 ,clem5t1 :o 0 ! ?ird successor ( ,/4 ,pet]1 & :o is laudably m5tion$ by ,/4 ,paul 9 "o ( 8 ,epi/les4 ,"s diss5sion & sc&al hav+ occurr$ 9 ! *ur* ( ,cor9?1 ! matt] is br\ght to ! notice ( ,pope ,clem5t4 ,he at once ex]cises 8 supreme au?ority by writ+ lett]s ( remon/rance & admonition to ! ,cor9?ians4 ,& s great 0 ! rev]5ce ent]ta9$ = ^! ,epi/les by ! fai?ful ( ,cor9? t1 = a c5tury lat]1 x 0 cu/om>y to h !m publicly read 9 _! *ur*es4 ,:y did ! ,cor9?ians appeal to ,rome1 f> away 9 ! ,we/1 & n to ,ephesus1 s ne> home 9 ! ,ea/1 :]e ! ,apo/le ,/4 ,john /ill liv$8 ,evid5tly because ! jurisdiction ( ,ephesus 0 local1 :ile t ( ,rome 0 univ]sal4 ,ab\t ! ye> #aij ! "q reg>d+ ! prop] day = celebrat+ ,ea/] 0 agitat$ 9 ! ,ea/1 & ref]r$ to ,pope ,/4 ,victor ,i4 ,! ,ea/]n ,*ur* g5]ally celebrat$ ,ea/] on ! day on :i* ! ,jews kept ! ,passov]1 :ile 9 ! ,we/ x 0 obs]v$ !n1 z x is n[1 on ! fir/ ,sunday aft] ! full moon ( ! v]nal equ9ox4 ,/4 ,victor directs ! ,ea/]n *ur*es1 = ! sake ( uni=mity1 to con=m to ! practice ( ! ,we/1 & 8 in/ructions are univ]sally foll[$4 ,/4 ,cyprian1 ,bi%op ( ,c>?age1 0 m>tyr$ 9 #beh4 ,f 8 appeals to ,pope ,/4 ,cornelius & to ,pope ,/4 ,/eph51 especially on ! subject ( baptism1 f 8 writ+s & correspond5ce1 z well z f ! :ole t5or ( 8 adm9i/ration1 x is q evid5t t ,cyprian1 z well z ! ,african ,episcopate1 upheld ! supremacy ( ! ,bi%op ( ,rome4 ,dionysius1 ,bi%op ( ,rome1 ab\t ! middle ( ! ?ird c5tury1 hav+ he>d t ! ,patri>* ( ,alex&ria err$ on "s po9ts ( fai?1 dem&s an explanation ( ! suspect$ ,prelate1 :o1 9 ob$i5ce to 8 sup]ior1 promptly v9dicates 8 own or?odoxy4 ,/4 ,a?anasius1 ! great patri>* ( ,alex&ria1 appeals 9 ! f\r? c5tury to ,pope ,julius ,i4 f an unju/ decision r5d]$ aga9/ him by ! ,ori5tal ,bi%ops1 & ! ,pope7#afh7 rev]ses ! s5t5ce ( ! ,ea/]n ,c\ncil4 ,/4 ,basil1 ,ar*bi%op ( ,cs>ea1 9 ! same c5tury has rec\rse 9 8 afflictions to ! protection ( ,pope ,damasus4 ,/4 ,john ,*ryso/om1 ,patri>* ( ,con/ant9ople1 appeals 9 ! beg9n+ ( ! fif? c5tury to ,pope ,innoc5t ,i4 = a r$ress ( grievances inflict$ on him by sev]al ,ea/]n ,prelates1 & by ! ,empress ,eudoxia ( ,con/ant9ople4 ,/4 ,cyril appeals to ,pope ,cele/9e aga9/ ,ne/orius2 ,ne/orius1 also1 appeals to ! same ,pontiff1 :o takes ! side ( ,cyril4 ,9 a ,synod held 9 #ddd1 ,/4 ,hil>y1 ,ar*bi%op ( ,arles1 9 ,gaul1 depos$ ,celidonius1 ,bi%op ( ,besancon1 on ! gr\nd ( an alleg$ canonical imp$im5t to 8 consecration4 ,! ,bi%op appeal$ to ! ,holy ,see1 & bo? he & ! ,metropolitan p]sonally repair$ to ,rome1 to submit _! cause to ! judgm5t ( ,pope ,leo ! ,great4 ,aft] a c>eful inve/igation1 ! ,pontiff decl>$ ! s5t5ce ( ! ,synod invalid1 revok$ ! c5sure1 & re/or$ ! depos$ ,prelate to 8 ,see4 ,! same ,pontiff also rebuk$ ,hil>y = hav+ irregul>ly depos$ ,projectus f 8 ,see4 ,! judicial au?ority ( ! ,pope is emphasiz$ f ! circum/ance t ,hil>y 0 n an arrogant or a rebelli\s *ur*man1 b an edify+ & a zeal\s ,prelate4 ,he is rev]$ by ! :ole ,*ur* z a canoniz$ ,sa9t1 & aft] 8 dea?1 ,leo ref]s to him z ,hil>y ( happy memory4 ,!odoret1 ! illu/ri\s hi/orian & ,bi%op ( ,cyrrhus1 is condemn$ by ! pseudo-c\ncil ( ,ephesus 9 #ddi1 & appeals to ,pope ,leo 9 ! foll[+ t\*+ language3 8,i await ! decision ( y\r ,apo/olic ,see1 & ,i supplicate y\r ,hol9ess to succor me1 :o invoke y\r righte\s & j tribunal2 & to ord] me to ha/5 to y1 & to expla9 to y my tea*+1 :i* foll[s ! /eps ( ! ,apo/les4444 ,i besee* y n to scorn my application4 ,d n slight my gray hairs4444 ,above all1 ,i entreat y to tea* me :e!r to put up ) ?is unju/ deposition or n2 = ,i await y\r s5t5ce4 ,if y bid me re/ 9 :at has be5 det]m9$ aga9/ me1 ,i w re/1 & w tr\ble no man m4 ,i w look = ! righte\s judgm5t ( our ,god & ,savior4 ,to me1 z ,almighty ,god is my ,judge1 honor & glory are no object1 b only ! sc&al t has be5 caus$2 = _m ( ! simpl] sort1 especially ^? :om ,i h rescu$ f div]se h]esies1 consid]+ ! ,see :i* has condemn$ me1 suspect t p]haps ,i really am a h]etic1 be+ incapable !mselves ( di/+ui%+ accuracy ( doctr9e407#afi7 ,leo decl>$ ! deposition invalid & ,!odoret 0 re/or$ to 8 ,see4 ,john1 ,abbot ( ,con/ant9ople1 appeals f ! decision ( ! ,patri>* ( t city to ,pope ,/4 ,gregory ,i41 :o rev]ses ! s5t5ce ( ! ,patri>*4 ,9 #hei ,photius address$ a lett] to ,pope ,ni*olas ,i41 ask+ ! ,pontiff to confirm 8 election to ! ,patri>*ate ( ,con/ant9ople4 ,9 consequ5ce ( ! ,pope's consci5ti\s refusal ,photius broke (f f ! communion ( ! ,ca?olic ,*ur* & became ! au?or ( ! ,greek s*ism4 ,"h are a few examples tak5 at r&om f ,*ur* ,hi/ory4 ,we see ,prelates mo/ em95t = _! sanctity & le>n+ occupy+ ! highe/ position 9 ! ,ea/]n ,*ur*1 & consequ5tly f> remov$ f ! local influ5ces ( ,rome1 appeal+ 9 e p]iod ( ! e>ly ,*ur* f ! decisions ( _! own ,bi%ops & _! ,c\ncils to ! supreme arbitration ( ! ,holy ,see4 ,if ?is does n con/itute sup]ior jurisdiction1 ,i h yet to le>n :at sup]ior au?ority means4 ,second--,*ri/ians ( e d5om9ation admit ! or?odoxy ( ! ,fa!rs ( ! fir/ five c5turies ( ! ,*ur*4 ,no "o has ev] call$ 9 "q ! fai? ( su* m5 z ,basil1 ,*ryso/om1 ,cyprian1 ,augu/9e1 ,j]ome1 ,ambrose & ,leo4 ,!y 7 ! ackn[l$g$ gu>dians ( pure doctr9e1 & ! liv+ repres5tatives 8( ! fai? once deliv]$ to ! ,sa9ts40 ,!y 7 to ! ,*ur* 9 _! g5]ation :at ,pet] & ,paul & ,james 7 to ! ,*ur* 9 its infancy4 ,we in/9ctively consult !m ab\t ! fai? ( ^? times2 =1 to :om %all we g = ! ,words ( et]nal life1 if n to !m8 ,n[1 ! ,fa!rs ( ! ,*ur*1 ) "o voice1 pay homage to ! ,bi%ops ( ,rome z _! sup]iors4 ,! limit$ space ,i h all[$ myself 9 ?is little volume w n p]mit me to give any extracts f _! writ+s4 ,! read] :o may be unacqua9t$ ) ! orig9al language ( ! ,fa!rs1 or :o has n _! writ+s at h&1 is ref]r$ to a "w entitl$1 8,fai? ( ,ca?olics10 :]e he w f9d1 9 an ,engli% translation1 copi\s extracts f _! writ+s v9dicat+ ! ,primacy ( ! ,popes4 ,?ird--,ecum5ical ,c\ncils af=d ano!r eloqu5t v9dication ( ,papal supremacy4 ,an ,ecum5ical or ,g5]al ,c\ncil is an assemblage ( ,prelates repres5t+ ! :ole ,ca?olic ,*ur*4 ,a ,g5]al ,c\ncil is to ! ,*ur* :at ! ,executive & ,legislative bodies 9 ,wa%+ton are to ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,up to ! pres5t "t n9ete5 ,ecum5ical ,c\ncils h be5 conv5$1 includ+ ! ,c\ncil ( ! ,vatican4 ,! la/ elev5 7 held 9 ! ,we/1 & ! fir/ eight 9 ! ,ea/4 ,i %all pass ov] ! ,we/]n ,c\ncils1 z no "o d5ies t !y 7 subject to ! au?ority ( ! ,pope4 ,i %all speak briefly ( ! important influ5ce :i* ! ,holy ,see ex]cis$ 9 ! eight ,ori5tal ,c\ncils4 ,! fir/ ,g5]al ,c\ncil 0 held 9 ,nica1 9 #cbe2 ! second1 9 ,con/ant9ople1 #cha2 ! ?ird1 9 ,ephesus1 9 #dca2 ! f\r?1 9 ,*alc$on1 9 #dea2 ! fif?1 9 ,con/ant9ople1 9 #eec2 ! six? 9 ! same city1 9 #fhj2 ! sev5?1 9 ,nica1 9 #ghg1 & ! eigh?1 9 ,con/ant9ople1 9 #hfi4 ,! ,bi%ops ( ,rome convok$ ^! assemblages1 or at lea/ cons5t$ to _! convocation2 !y presid$ by _! legates ov] all ( !m1 except ! fir/ & second ,c\ncils ( ,con/ant9ople1 & !y confirm$ all ^! eight by _! au?ority4 ,be=e becom+ a law ! ,acts ( ! ,c\ncils requir$ ! ,pope's signature1 j z our ,congressional proce$+s require ! ,presid5t's signature be=e !y acquire ! =ce ( law4 ,is n ?is a /rik+ illu/ration ( ! ,primacy8 ,! ,pope conv5es1 rules & sanctions ! ,synods1 n by c\rtesy1 b by "r4 ,a dignit>y :o calls an assembly toge!r1 :o presides ov] its delib]ations1 ^: signature is ess5tial = confirm+ its ,acts has surely a high] au?ority ?an ! o!r memb]s4 ,f\r?--,i %all ref] to "o m hi/orical po9t 9 support ( ! ,pope's jurisdiction ov] ! :ole ,*ur*4 ,x is a mo/ rem>kable fact t e nation hi!rto conv]t$ f ,paganism to ,*ri/ianity s9ce ! days ( ! ,apo/les1 has receiv$ ! light ( fai? f mission>ies :o 7 ei!r especially commission$ by ! ,see ( ,rome1 or s5t by ,bi%ops 9 op5 communion ) t ,see4 ,?is hi/orical fact admits ( no exception4 ,let me p>ticul>ize4 ,irel&'s ,apo/le is ,/4 ,patrick4 ,:o commission$ him8 ,pope ,/4 ,cele/9e1 9 ! fif? c5tury4 ,/4 ,palladius is ! ,apo/le ( ,scotl&4 ,:o s5t him8 ,! same ,pontiff1 ,cele/9e4 ,! ,anglo-,saxons receiv$ ! fai? f ,/4 ,augu/9e1 a ,b5$ict9e monk1 z all hi/orians1 ,ca?olic & non-,ca?olic1 te/ify4 ,:o emp[]$ ,augu/9e to prea*8 ,pope ,gregory ,i41 at ! end ( ! six? c5tury4 ,/4 ,remigius e/abli%$ ! fai? 9 ,france1 at ! close ( ! fif? c5tury4 ,he 0 9 active communion ) ! ,see ( ,pet]4 ,fl&]s receiv$ ! ,gospel 9 ! sev5? c5tury f ,/4 ,eligius1 :o ackn[l$g$ ! supremacy ( ! reign+ ,pope4 ,g]many & ,bav>ia v5]ate z _! ,apo/le ,/4 ,boniface1 :o is popul>ly kn[n 9 8 native ,engl& by 8 baptismal "n ( ,w9frid4 ,he 0 commission$ by ,pope ,gregory ,,ii41 9 ! beg9n+ ( ! eigh? c5tury1 & 0 consecrat$ ,bi%op by ! same ,pontiff4 ,9 ! n9? c5tury two sa9tly bro!rs1 ,cyril & ,me?odius1 evangeliz$ ,russia1 ,sclavonia1 ,moravia & o!r p>ts ( ,nor!rn ,europe4 ,!y recogniz$ ! supreme au?ority ( ,pope ,ni*olas ,i4 & ( 8 successors1 ,adrian ,,ii4 & ,john ,,viii4 ,9 ! elev5? c5tury ,norway 0 conv]t$ by mission>ies introduc$ f ,engl& by ! ,norwegian ,k+1 ,/4 ,olave4 ,! conv]sion ( ,sw$5 0 consummat$ 9 ! same c5tury by ! ,briti% ,apo/les ,sa9ts ,ulfrid & ,eskill4 ,bo? ( ^! nations imm$iately aft] _! conv]sion comm5c$ to pay ,romescot1 or a small annual tribute to ! ,holy ,see--a cle> evid5ce t !y 7 9 communion ) ! ,*air ( ,pet]47#agj7 ,all ! o!r nations ( ,europe1 hav+ be5 conv]t$ be=e ! ,re=mation1 receiv$ likewise ! light ( fai? f ,roman ,ca?olic ,mission>ies1 because ,europe !n recogniz$ only "o ,*ri/ian ,*ief4 ,pass+ f ,europe to ,asia & ,am]ica1 x is und5iable t ,/4 ,francis ,xavi] & ! o!r ,evangeli/s :o1 9 ! sixte5? c5tury1 ext5d$ ! ,k+dom ( ,jesus ,*ri/ ?r\gh ,india & ,japan1 7 9 communion ) ! ,holy ,see2 & t ^? ,apo/les :o1 9 ! sixte5? & sev5te5? c5turies1 conv]t$ ! aborig9al tribes ( ,s\? ,am]ica & ,mexico receiv$ _! commission f ! ,*air ( ,pet]4 ,b y w say3 ,! p ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates pr(ess to be a ,*ri/ian nation4 ,d y also claim !m8 ,mo/ c]ta9ly2 =1 ev5 ^? ,am]ican ,*ri/ians :o are unhappily sev]$ f ! ,ca?olic ,*ur* are prim>ily indebt$ = _! k ( ! ,gospel to mission>ies 9 communion ) ! ,holy ,see4 ,! :ite races ( ,nor? ,am]ica are desc5d$ f ,engl&1 ,irel&1 ,scotl& & ! nations ( ,cont95tal ,europe4 ,^? ,european nations hav+ be5 conv]t$ by mission>ies 9 subjection to ! ,holy ,see1 x foll[s t1 f :atev] "p ( ,europe y are desc5d$1 :atev] may be y\r p>ticul> cre$1 y are indebt$ to ! ,*ur* ( ,rome = y\r k ( ,*ri/ianity4 ,d n ^! facts demon/rate ! ,primacy ( ! ,pope8 ,! ,apo/les ( ,europe & ( o!r c\ntries receiv$ _! au?ority f ,rome4 ,is n ! p[] t s5ds an ambassador great] ?an he :o is s5t8 ,?us we see t ! "n ( ! ,pope is indelibly m>k$ on e page ( ecclesia/ical hi/ory4 ,! ,sov]eign ,pontiff ev] /&s be=e u z comm&]-9-*ief 9 ! gr& army ( ! ,*ur*4 ,d ! bi%ops ( ! ,ea/ feel !mselves aggriev$ at home by _! ,patri>*s or civil ,rul]s8 ,!y look = r$ress to ,rome1 z to ! /> ( _! hope4 ,are ! ,fa!rs & ,doctors ( ! e>ly ,*ur* consult$8 ,) "o voice !y all pay homage to ! ,bi%op ( ,rome z to _! spiritual ,pr9ce4 ,is an ,ecum5ical ,c\ncil to be conv5$ 9 ! ,ea/ or ,we/8 ,! ,pope is its lead+ _s4 ,are new nations to be conv]t$ to ! fai?8 ,!re is ! ,holy ,fa!r clo?+ ! mission>ies ) au?ority1 & giv+ 8 bless+ to ! "w4 ,are new errors to be condemn$ 9 any "p ( ! globe8 ,all eyes turn t[>d ! oracle ( ,rome to await 8 ana!ma1 & 8 solemn judgm5t rev]b]ates ?r\gh\t ! l5g? & brea? ( ! ,*ri/ian _w4 ,y might z well %ut out ! light ( day & ! air ( heav5 f y\r daily walks z exclude ! ,pope f 8 legitimate sph]e 9 ! hi]>*y ( ! ,*ur*4 ,! hi/ory ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates ) ! ,presid5ts left out w\ld be m intelligible ?an ! hi/ory ( ! ,*ur* to ! exclusion ( ! ,vic> ( ,*ri/4 ,h[1 ,i ask1 c\ld su* au?ority endure s long if x 7 a usurpation8 ,b y w tell me3 8,! supremacy ( ! ,pope has be5 disput$ 9 _m ages40 ,s has ! au?ority ( ,god be5 call$ 9 "q--nay1 ,8 v exi/5ce has be5 d5i$2 =1 8! fool ha? said 9 8 he>t !re is no ,god407#aga7 ,does ?is d5ial de/roy ! exi/5ce & dom9ion ( ,god8 ,has n p>5tal au?ority be5 impugn$ f ! beg9n+8 ,b by :om8 ,by unruly *ildr54 ,0 ,david no long] k+ because ,absalom said s8 ,x is ?us also ) ! ,popes4 ,_! p>5tal sway has be5 oppos$ only by _! undutiful sons :o grew impati5t ( ! ,gospel yoke4 ,photius1 ! lead] ( ! ,greek s*ism1 0 an ob$i5t son ( ! ,pope until ,ni*olas refus$ to recognize 8 usurp$ au?ority4 ,h5ry ,,viii4 0 a /\t def5d] ( ! ,pope's supremacy until ,clem5t ,,vii4 refus$ to legalize 8 adult]y4 ,lu!r pr(ess$ a mo/ abject submission to ! ,pope till ,leo ,x4 condemn$ him4 ,y _c1 my de> read]1 be a loyal citiz5 ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates :ile y d5y ! con/itutional au?ority ( ! ,presid5t4 ,y h se5 t ! ,bi%op ( ,rome is appo9t$ n by man1 b by ,jesus ,*ri/1 ,presid5t ( ! ,*ri/ian commonweal?4 ,y _c1 !re=e1 be a true citiz5 ( ! ,republic ( ! ,*ur* s long z y spurn ! legitimate supremacy ( its ,div9ely con/itut$ ,*ief4 8,he t is n ) ,me is aga9/ ,me10 says our ,"l1 8& he t ga!re? n ) ,me scatt]e?40 ,h[ c y be ) ,*ri/ if y are aga9/ ,8 ,vic>8 ,! great evil ( our times is ! unhappy division exi/+ among ! pr(essors ( ,*ri/ianity1 & f ?\s&s ( he>ts a ye>n+ cry goes =? = unity ( fai? & union ( *ur*es4 ,x 01 no d\bt1 ) ?is laudable view t ! ,evangelical ,alliance assembl$ 9 ,new ,york 9 ! fall ( #ahgc4 ,! repres5tatives ( ! diff]5t religi\s communions hop$ to effect a reunion4 ,b !y signally & lam5tably fail$4 ,inde$1 ! only result :i* foll[$ f ! alliance 0 ! creation ( a new sect "u ! auspices ( ,dr4 ,cumm9s4 ,t rev]5d g5tleman1 ) ! *>act]i/ic mode/y ( all religi\s re=m]s1 0 det]m9$ to h a h& 9 improv+ ! "w ( ,jesus ,*ri/2 &1 l ! o!r re=m]s1 he said1 ) ^? :o built ! t[] ( ,babel3 8,let u make our "n fam\s be=e07#agb7 our du/ is scatt]$ to ! w9d4 ,! ,alliance fail$1 because its memb]s _h no common plat=m to /& on4 ,!re 0 no voice 9 t assembly t c\ld say ) au?ority3 8,?us sai? ! ,"l40 ,i he>tily jo9 9 ?is pray] = ,*ri/ian unity1 & gladly w\ld surr5d] my life = su* a consummation4 ,b ,i tell y t ,jesus ,*ri/ has po9t$ out ! only means by :i* ?is unity c be ma9ta9$1 viz3 ! recognition ( ,pet] & 8 successors z ! ,head ( ! ,*ur*4 ,build ^u ?is f\ndation & y w n erect a t[] ( ,babel1 nor build ^u s&4 ,if all ,*ri/ian sects 7 unit$ ) ! c5tre ( unity1 !n ! scatt]$ ho/s ( ,*ri/5dom w\ld =m an army :i* a!ism & infidelity c\ld n long )/&4 ,!n1 inde$1 all c\ld exclaim ) ,balaam3 8,h[ beautiful are ?y tab]nacles1 ,o ,jacob1 & ?y t5ts1 ,o ,israel607#agc7 ,let u pray t ! day may be ha/5$ :5 religi\s diss5sions w cease2 :5 all ,*ri/ians w advance ) unit$ front1 "u "o common lead]1 to plant ! cross 9 e region & w9 new k+doms to ,jesus ,*ri/4 ,*apt] ,,xi4 ,,infallibility ,,( ,,! ,,popes4 ,z ! doctr9e ( ,papal ,infallibility is /rangely misappreh5d$ by our sep>at$ bre?r51 because x is griev\sly misrepres5t$ by ^? :o pr(ess to be enlight5$ m9i/]s ( ! ,gospel1 ,i %all beg9 by /at+ :at ,infallibility does n mean1 & %all !n expla9 :at x really is4 ,fir/--,! infallibility ( ! ,popes does n signify t !y are inspir$4 ,! ,apo/les 7 end[$ ) ! gift ( inspiration1 & we accept _! writ+s z ! reveal$ ,^w ( ,god4 ,no ,ca?olic1 on ! contr>y1 claims t ! ,pope is inspir$ or end[$ ) ,div9e revelation prop]ly s call$4 8,= ! ,holy ,_s 0 n promis$ to ! successors ( ,pet] 9 ord] t !y might spread abroad new doctr9e :i* ,he reveals1 b t1 "u ,8 assi/ance1 !y might gu>d inviolably1 & ) fidelity expla91 ! revelation or deposit ( fai? h&$ d[n by ! ,apo/les407#agd7 ,second--,infallibility does n mean t ! ,pope is impeccable or specially exempt f liability to s94 ,! ,popes h be51 inde$1 ) few exceptions1 m5 ( virtu\s lives4 ,_m ( !m are honor$ z m>tyrs4 ,sev5ty-n9e out ( ! two hundr$ & fifty-n9e t sat on ! *air ( ,pet] are invok$ ^u our alt>s z sa9ts em95t = _! hol9ess4 ,! av[$ enemies ( ! ,*ur* *>ge only five or six ,popes ) immorality4 ,?us1 ev5 admitt+ ! tru? ( ! accusations br\ght aga9/ !m1 we h =ty-?ree virtu\s to "o bad ,pope1 :ile !re 0 a ,judas ,isc>iot among ! twelve ,apo/les4 ,b al?\gh a va/ majority ( ! ,sov]eign ,pontiffs %\ld h be5 s un=tunate z to lead vici\s lives1 ?is circum/ance w\ld n ( itself impair ! validity ( _! pr]ogatives1 :i* are giv5 n = ! pres]vation ( _! morals1 b = ! guidance ( _! judgm5t2 =1 !re 0 a ,balaam among ! ,prophets1 & a ,caiphas among ! ,high ,prie/s ( ! ,old ,law4 ,! pres5t illu/ri\s ,pontiff is a man ( no ord9>y sanctity4 ,he has already fill$ ! highe/ position 9 ! ,*ur* = upw>ds ( ?irty ye>s1 8a spectacle to ! _w1 to angels & to m510 & no man c po9t out a /a9 ^u 8 moral "*4 ,& yet ,pius ,,ix41 l 8 pr$ecessors1 confesses 8 s9s e week4 ,ea* morn+1 at ! beg9n+ ( ,mass1 he says at ! foot ( ! alt>1 8,i confess to ,almighty ,god1 & to ,8 ,sa9ts1 t ,i h s9n$ exce$+ly 9 ?\ght1 ^w & de$40 ,& at ! ,(f]tory ( ! ,mass he says3 8,receive1 ,o ,holy ,fa!r1 almighty1 ev]la/+ ,god1 ?is oblation :i* ,i1 ,?y unwor?y s]vant1 (f] = my innum]able s9s1 (f5ces & neglig5ces40 ,) ^! facts be=e _! eyes1 ,i _c compreh5d h[ m9i/]s ( ! ,gospel betray s mu* ignorance1 or are guilty ( s mu* malice1 z to proclaim f _! pulpits1 :i* ought to be consecrat$ to tru?1 t ,infallibility means exemption f s94 ,i d n see h[ !y c b5efit _! cause by s flagrant p]v]sions ( tru?4 ,?ird--,be> 9 m9d1 also1 t ?is ,div9e assi/ance is gu>ante$ to ! ,pope n 9 8 capacity z private tea*]1 b only 9 8 (ficial capacity1 :5 he judges ( fai? & morals z ,head ( ! ,*ur*4 ,if a ,pope1 = in/ance1 l ,b5$ict ,,xiv4 7 to write a treatise on ,canon ,law 8 book w\ld be z mu* op5 to criticism z t ( any ,doctor ( ! ,*ur*4 ,f\r?--,f9ally1 ! in]rability ( ! ,popes1 be+ re/rict$ to que/ions ( fai? & morals1 does n ext5d to ! natural sci5ces1 su* z a/ronomy or geology1 unless :]e error is pres5t$ "u ! false "n ( sci5ce1 & arrays itself aga9/ reveal$ tru?47#age7 ,x does n1 !re=e1 conc]n itself ab\t ! nature & motions ( ! planets4 ,nor does x reg>d purely political que/ions1 su* z ! =m ( gov]nm5t a nation ought to adopt1 or = :at c&idates we ought to vote4 ,! ,pope's ,infallibility1 !re=e1 does n 9 any way trespass on civil au?ority2 = ! ,pope's jurisdiction belongs to spiritual matt]s1 :ile ! duty ( ! ,/ate is to provide = ! temporal welf>e ( its subjects4 ,:at1 !n1 is ! real doctr9e ( ,infallibility8 ,x simply means t ! ,pope1 z successor ( ,/4 ,pet]1 ,pr9ce ( ! ,apo/les1 by virtue ( ! promises ( ,jesus ,*ri/1 is pres]v$ f error ( judgm5t :5 he promulgates to ! ,*ur* a decision on fai? or morals4 ,! ,pope1 !re=e1 be x kn[n1 is n ! mak] ( ! ,div9e law2 he is only its exp\nd]4 ,he is n ! au?or ( revelation1 b only its int]pret]4 ,all revelation came f ,god alone ?r\gh ,8 inspir$ m9i/]s1 & x 0 complete 9 ! beg9n+ ( ! ,*ur*4 ,! ,holy ,fa!r has no m au?ority ?an y or ,i to break "o iota ( ! ,scripture1 & he is equally ) u ! s]vant ( ! ,div9e law4 ,9 a ^w1 ! ,sov]eign ,pontiff is to ! ,*ur*1 ?\gh 9 a m em95t degree1 :at ! ,supreme ,c\rt is to ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,we h an in/rum5t call$ ! ,con/itution ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 :i* is ! *>t] ( our civil rights & lib]ties4 ,if a controv]sy arise reg>d+ a con/itutional clause1 ! "q is ref]r$ 9 ! la/ resort1 to ! ,supreme ,c\rt at ,wa%+ton4 ,! ,*ief ,ju/ice1 ) 8 associate judges1 exam9es into ! case & !n pron\nces judgm5t ^u x2 & ?is decision is f9al1 irrevocable & practically infallible4 ,if !re 7 no su* c\rt to settle con/itutional que/ions1 ! ,con/itution itself w\ld soon become a dead lett]4 ,e litigant w\ld consci5ti\sly decide ! dispute 9 8 own favor & an>*y1 sep>ation & civil w> w\ld soon foll[4 ,b by means ( ?is ,supreme ,c\rt disputes are end$1 & ! political union ( ! ,/ates is p]petuat$4 ,!re w\ld h be5 no civil w> 9 #ahfa _h our dome/ic qu>rel be5 submitt$ to ! legitimate action ( our highe/ c\rt ( judicature1 in/ead ( be+ left to ! arbitram5t ( ! sword4 ,! reveal$ ,^w ( ,god is ! con/itution ( ! ,*ur*4 ,?is is ! ,magna ,*>ta ( our ,*ri/ian lib]ties4 ,! ,pope is ! (ficial gu>dian ( our religi\s con/itution1 z ! ,*ief ,ju/ice is ! gu>dian ( our civil con/itution4 ,:5 a dispute arises 9 ! ,*ur* reg>d+ ! s5se ( ,scripture ! subject is ref]r$ to ! ,pope = f9al adjudication4 ,! ,sov]eign ,pontiff1 be=e decid+ ! case1 ga!rs ar\nd him 8 v5]able colleagues1 ! ,c>d9als ( ! ,*ur*2 or he calls a c\ncil ( 8 associate judges ( fai?1 ! ,bi%ops ( ,*ri/5dom2 or he has rec\rse to o!r lights :i* ! ,holy ,gho/ may sugge/ to him4 ,!n1 aft] mature & pray]ful delib]ation1 he pron\nces judgm5t & 8 s5t5ce is f9al1 irrevocable & infallible4 ,if ! ,ca?olic ,*ur* 7 n =tifi$ by ?is ,div9ely-e/abli%$ supreme tribunal1 %e w\ld be brok5 up1 l ! sects ar\nd h]1 into a ?\s& fragm5ts & religi\s an>*y w\ld soon foll[4 ,b by means ( ?is infallible c\rt h] m>vell\s unity is pres]v$ ?r\gh\t ! _w4 ,?is doctr9e is ! key/one 9 ! ar* ( ,ca?olic fai?1 &1 f> f ar\s+ opposition1 x ought to comm& ! unqualifi$ admiration ( e reflect+ m9d4 ,^! explanations be+ premis$1 let u n[ briefly consid] ! gr\nds ( ! doctr9e itself4 ,! foll[+ passages ( ! ,gospel1 spok5 at diff]5t times1 7 address$ exclusively to ,pet]3 8,?\ art ,pet]2 & on ?is rock ,i w build ,my ,*ur*1 & ! gates ( hell %all n prevail aga9/ x407#agf7 8,i1 ! ,supreme ,ar*itect ( ! univ]se10 says our ,savior1 8w e/abli% a ,*ur* :i* is to la/ till ! end ( "t4 ,i w lay ! f\ndation ( ?is ,*ur* s deep & /rong on ! rock ( tru? t ! w9ds & /orms ( error %all n prevail aga9/ x4 ,?\1 ,o ,pet]1 %alt be ! f\ndation ( ?is ,*ur*4 ,x %all nev] fall1 because ?\ %alt nev] be %ak52 & ?\ %alt nev] be %ak51 because ?\ %alt re/ on ,me1 ! rock ( tru?40 ,! ,*ur*1 ( :i* ,pet] is ! f\ndation1 is decl>$ to be impregnable--t is1 pro( aga9/ error4 ,h[ c y suppose an immovable edifice built on a tott]+ f\ndation8 ,= x is n ! build+ t su/a9s ! f\ndation1 b x is ! f\ndation t supports ! build+4 8,& ,i w give to !e ! keys ( ! ,k+dom ( ,heav5407#agg7 ,?\ %alt hold ! keys ( tru? ) :i* to op5 to ! fai?ful ! treasures ( heav5ly sci5ce4 8,:atsoev] ?\ %alt b9d on e>? %all be b\nd also 9 ,heav5407#agh7 ,! judgm5t :i* ?\ %alt pron\nce on e>? ,i w ratify 9 heav54 ,surely ! ,god ( ,tru? is incapable ( sanction+ an untru?ful judgm5t4 8,behold1 ,satan ha? desir$ to h y 7,my ,apo/les71 t he may sift y z :eat4 ,b ,i h pray$ = !e 7,pet]7 t ?y fai? fail n2 & ?\1 be+ once conv]t$1 confirm ?y bre?r5407#agi7 ,x is wor?y ( note t ,jesus prays only = ,pet]4 ,& :y = ,pet] 9 p>ticul>8 ,because on 8 %\ld]s 0 to re/ ! burd5 ( ! ,*ur*4 ,our ,"l prays = two ?+s3 ,fir/--,t ! fai? ( ,pet] & ( 8 successors might n fail4 ,second--,t ,pet] w\ld confirm 8 bre?r5 9 ! fai?1 89 ord]10 z ,/4 ,leo says1 8t ! /r5g? giv5 by ,*ri/ to ,pet] %\ld desc5d on ! ,apo/les40 ,we "k t ! pray] ( ,jesus is always he>d4 ,!re=e ! fai? ( ,pet] w always be firm4 ,he 0 de/9$ to be ! oracle :i* all 7 to consult4 ,h5ce we always f9d him ! prom95t figure among ! ,apo/les1 ! fir/ to speak1 ! fir/ to act on e occasion4 ,he 0 to be ! guid+ /> t 0 to lead ! re/ ( ! fai?ful 9 ! pa? ( tru?4 ,he 0 to be 9 ! hi]>*y ( ! ,*ur* :at ! sun is 9 ! planet>y sy/em--! c5tre ar\nd :i* all w\ld revolve4 ,& is x n a beautiful spectacle1 9 h>mony ) our ideas ( ,god's provid5ce1 to behold 9 ,8 ,*ur* a c\nt]p>t ( ! />ry sy/em above u8 ,!re e planet moves 9 ob$i5ce to a uni=m law1 all are regulat$ by "o great lum9>y4 ,s1 9 ! spiritual ord]1 we see e memb] ( ! ,*ur* gov]n$ by "o law1 controll$ by "o voice1 & t voice subject to ,god4 8,fe$ ,my lambs2 fe$ ,my %eep407#ahj7 ,pet] is appo9t$ by our ,"l ! univ]sal %eph]d ( ,8 flock--( ! %eep & ( ! lambs--t is1 %eph]d ( ! ,bi%ops & ,prie/s z well z ( ! p4 ,! ,bi%ops are %eph]ds1 9 ref]5ce to _! flocks2 !y are %eep1 9 ref]5ce to ! ,pope1 :o is ! %eph]d ( %eph]ds4 ,! ,pope1 z %eph]d1 mu/ fe$ ! flock n ) ! poison ( error1 b ) ! heal?y food ( s\nd doctr9e2 = he is n a %eph]d1 b a hirel+1 :o adm9i/]s p]nici\s food to 8 flock4 ,among ! ,g5]al ,c\ncils ( ! ,*ur* already held ,i %all m5tion only ?ree1 z ! acts ( ^! ,c\ncils are amply suffici5t to v9dicate ! un]r+ "* ( ! ,see ( ,rome & ! ,roman ,pontiffs4 ,i wi% also to call y\r att5tion to ?ree facts3 ,fir/--,t none ( ^! ,c\ncils 7 held 9 ,rome2 ,second--,t "o ( !m assembl$ 9 ! ,ea/1 viz3 9 ,con/ant9ople2 &1 ,?ird--,t 9 e "o ( !m ! ,ori5tal & ! ,we/]n ,bi%ops met = ! purpose ( reunion4 ,! ,eigh? ,g5]al ,c\ncil1 held 9 ,con/ant9ople 9 #hfi1 conta9s ! foll[+ solemn pr(ession ( fai?3 8,salvation prim>ily dep5ds ^u gu>d+ ! rule ( "r fai?4 ,& s9ce we _c pass ov] ! words ( our ,"l ,jesus ,*ri/1 :o says1 #8,?\ art ,pet]1 & on ?is rock ,i w build ,my ,*ur*1' :at 0 said is confirm$ by facts1 because 9 ! ,apo/olic ,see ! ,ca?olic religion has always be5 pres]v$ immaculate1 & holy doctr9e has be5 proclaim$4 ,n wi%+1 !n1 to be sep>at$ f ?is fai? & doctr9e1 we hope to m]it to be 9 ! "o communion :i* ! ,apo/olic ,see prea*es1 9 :i* ,see is ! full & true solidity ( ! ,*ri/ian religion40 ,?is ,c\ncil cle>ly decl>es t immaculate doctr9e has always be5 pres]v$ & prea*$ 9 ! ,roman ,see4 ,b h[ c\ld ?is be said ( h]1 if ! ,roman ,see ev] fell into error1 & h[ c\ld t ,see be pres]v$ f error1 if ! ,roman ,pontiffs presid+ ov] x ev] err$ 9 fai?8 ,9 ! ,second ,g5]al ,c\ncil ( ,lyons 7#abgd71 ! ,greek ,bi%ops made ! foll[+ pr(ession ( fai?3 8,! holy ,roman ,*ur* possesses full primacy & pr9cipality ov] ! univ]sal ,ca?olic ,*ur*1 :i* primacy1 ) ! pl5itude ( p[]1 %e truly & humbly ackn[l$ges to h receiv$ f our ,"l ,himself1 9 ! p]son ( ,bless$ ,pet]1 ,pr9ce or ,head ( ! ,apo/les1 ^: successor ! ,roman ,pontiff is2 & z ! ,roman ,see1 above all o!rs1 is b\nd to def5d ! tru? ( fai?1 s1 also1 if any que/ions on fai? arise1 !y ought to be def9$ by h] judgm5t40 ,"h ! ,c\ncil ( ,lyons av[s t ! ,roman ,pontiffs h ! p[] to det]m9e def9itely1 & )\t appeal1 any que/ions ( fai? :i* may arise 9 ! ,*ur*2 9 o!r words1 ! ,c\ncil ackn[l$ges !m to be ! supreme & infallible arbit]s ( fai?4 8,we def9e10 says ! ,c\ncil ( ,flor5ce 7#adci71 at :i* also 7 pres5t ! ,bi%ops ( ! ,greek & ! ,lat9 ,*ur*1 8we def9e t ! ,roman ,pontiff is ! successor ( ! ,bless$ ,pet]1 ,pr9ce ( ! ,apo/les1 & ! true ,vic> ( ,*ri/1 ! ,head ( ! :ole ,*ur*1 ! ,fa!r & ,doctor ( all ,*ri/ians1 & we decl>e t to him1 9 ! p]son ( ,bless$ ,pet]1 0 giv51 by ,jesus ,*ri/ our ,savior1 full p[] to fe$1 rule & gov]n ! univ]sal ,*ur*40 ,! ,pope is "h call$ ! true ,vic> or repres5tative ( ,*ri/ 9 ?is l[] k+dom ( ,8 ,*ur* militant--t is1 ! ,pope is ! organ ( our ,savior1 & speaks ,8 s5tim5ts 9 fai? & morals4 ,b if ! ,pope err$ 9 fai? & morals he w\ld no long] be ,*ri/'s ,vic> & true repres5tative4 ,our m9i/] 9 ,engl&1 = in/ance1 w\ld n truly repres5t our ,gov]nm5t if he 0 n ! organ ( its s5tim5ts4 ,! ,roman ,pontiff is call$ ! ,head ( ! :ole ,*ur*--t is1 ! visible ,head4 ,n[ ! ,*ur*1 :i* is ! ,body ( ,*ri/1 is infallible4 ,x is1 z ,/4 ,paul says1 8)\t spot or wr9kle1 or any su* ?+40 ,b h[ c y suppose an infallible body ) a fallible head8 ,h[ c an err+ head conduct a body 9 ! un]r+ ways ( tru? & ju/ice8 ,he is decl>$ by ! same ,c\ncil to be ! ,fa!r & ,doctor ( all ,*ri/ians4 ,h[ c y expect an un]r+ family "u an err+ ,fa!r8 ,! ,pope is call$ ! univ]sal tea*] or doctor4 ,tea*] ( :at8 ,( tru?1 n ( error4 ,error is to ! m9d :at poison is to ! body4 ,y d n call poison food2 nei!r c y call error doctr9e4 ,! ,pope1 z univ]sal tea*]1 mu/ always give to ! fai?ful n ! poison\s food ( error1 b ! s\nd alim5t ( pure doctr9e4 ,9 f9e1 ! ,pope is also /yl$ ! ,*ief ,pilot ( ! ,*ur*4 ,x 0 n )\t a my/]i\s significance t our ,"l ent]$ ,pet]'s b>k in/ead ( t ( any ( ! o!r ,apo/les4 ,?is b>k1 our ,"l has pl$g$ ,himself1 %all nev] s9k nor dep>t f h] true c\rse4 ,h[ c y imag9e a /ormpro(1 nev]-v>y+ b>k "u ! *>ge ( a fallible ,pilot8 ,b did n ! ,vatican ,c\ncil 9 promulgat+ ! def9ition ( ,papal ,infallibility 9 #ahgj1 create a new doctr9e ( revelation8 ,& did n ! ,*ur* !reby =feit h] glori\s di/9ction ( be+ always un*angeable 9 h] tea*+8 ,! ,c\ncil did n create a new cre$1 b r confirm$ ! old "o4 ,x =mulat$ into an article ( fai? a tru? :i* 9 e age _h be5 accept$ by ! ,ca?olic _w because x _h be5 implicitly conta9$ 9 ! deposit ( revelation4 ,i may illu/rate ?is po9t by ref]r+ aga9 to our ,supreme ,c\rt4 ,:5 ! ,*ief ,ju/ice1 ) 8 colleagues1 decides a con/itutional "q1 8 decision1 ?\gh pres5t$ 9 a new %ape1 _c be call$ a new doctr9e1 because x is bas$ on ! lett] & _s ( ! ,con/itution4 ,9 l mann]1 :5 ! ,*ur* issues a new dogma ( fai?1 t decree is no?+ m ?an a new =m ( express+ an old doctr9e1 because ! decision mu/ be drawn f ! reveal$ ,^w ( ,god4 ,! c\rse pursu$ by ! ,*ur*1 reg>d+ ! infallibility ( ! ,pope 0 practic$ by h] 9 ref]5ce to ! ,div9ity ( ,jesus ,*ri/4 ,our ,savior 0 ackn[l$g$ to be ,god f ! beg9n+ ( ! ,*ur*4 ,yet ,8 ,div9ity 0 n =mally def9$ till ! ,c\ncil ( ,nica 9 ! f\r? c5tury1 & x w\ld n h be5 def9$ ev5 !n _h x n be5 d5i$ by ,arius4 ,& :o w h ! presumption to say t ! belief 9 ! ,div9ity ( our ,"l _h its orig9 9 ! f\r? c5tury8 ,! foll[+ has always be5 ! practice prevail+ 9 ! ,*ur* ( ,god f ! beg9n+ ( h] hi/ory4 ,:5ev] ,bi%ops or ,national ,c\ncils promulgat$ doctr9es or condemn$ errors !y always transmitt$ _! decrees to ,rome = confirmation or rejection4 ,:at ,rome approv$1 ! univ]sal ,*ur* approv$2 :at ,rome condemn$1 ! ,*ur* condemn$4 ,?us1 9 ! ?ird c5tury1 ,pope ,/4 ,/eph5 rev]ses ! decision ( ,/4 ,cyprian1 ( ,c>?age1 & ( a c\ncil ( ,african bi%ops reg>d+ a "q ( baptism4 ,pope ,/4 ,innoc5t ,i41 9 ! fif? c5tury1 condemns ! ,pelagian h]esy1 9 ref]5ce to :i* ,/4 ,augu/9e wrote ?is memorable s5t5ce3 8,! acts ( two c\ncils 7 s5t to ! ,apo/olic ,see1 :5ce an answ] 0 return$4 ,! "q is end$4 ,w\ld to ,god t ! error also _h ceas$40 ,9 ! f\rte5? c5tury ,gregory ,,xi4 condemns ! h]esy ( ,wycliffe4 ,pope ,leo ,x41 9 ! sixte5?1 ana!matizes ,lu!r4 ,innoc5t ,x41 9 ! sev5te5?1 at ! solicitation ( ! ,fr5* ,episcopate1 condemns ! subtle errors ( ! ,jans5i/s1 & 9 ! n9ete5? c5tury ,pius ,,ix4 promulgates ! doctr9e ( ! ,immaculate ,conception4 ,"h we f9d ! ,popes 9 v>i\s ages condemn+ h]esies & proclaim+ doctr9es ( fai?2 & !y c\ld n 9 a /rong] mann] ass]t _! infallibility ?an by s def9+ doctr9es ( fai? & condemn+ errors4 ,we also behold ! ,*ur* ( ,*ri/5dom ev] say+ ,am5 to ! decisions ( ! ,bi%ops ( ,rome4 ,h5ce x is evid5t t1 9 e age1 ! ,*ur* recogniz$ ! ,popes z infallible tea*]s4 ,e indep5d5t gov]nm5t mu/ h a supreme tribunal regul>ly sitt+ to int]pret its laws1 & to decide cases ( controv]sy likely to arise4 ,?us we h 9 ,wa%+ton ! ,supreme ,c\rt ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,n[ ! ,ca?olic ,*ur* is a complete & indep5d5t organization1 z complete 9 its spiritual sph]e z ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,gov]nm5t is 9 ! temporal ord]4 ,! ,*ur* has its own laws1 its own autonomy & gov]nm5t4 ,! ,*ur*1 !re=e1 l civil p[]s1 mu/ h a p]man5t & /ation>y supreme tribunal to int]pret its laws & to det]m9e cases ( religi\s controv]sy4 ,:at con/itutes ?is p]man5t supreme c\rt ( ! ,*ur*8 ,does x consi/ ( ! ,bi%ops assembl$ 9 ,g5]al ,c\ncil8 ,no2 because ?is is n an ord9>y b an extraord9>y tribunal :i* meets1 on an av]age1 only once 9 a hundr$ ye>s4 ,is x compos$ ( ! ,bi%ops scatt]$ ?r\gh\t ! _w8 ,by no means1 because x w\ld be impracticable to consult all ! ,bi%ops ( ,*ri/5dom ^u e issue t might arise 9 ! ,*ur*4 ,! poison ( error w\ld easily spread ?r\gh ! body ( ! ,*ur* be=e a decision c\ld be r5d]$ by ! ,prelates disp]s$ ?r\gh\t ! globe4 ,! ,pope1 !n1 z ,head ( ! ,ca?olic ,*ur*1 con/itutes1 ) j reason1 ?is supreme tribunal4 ,& z ! (fice ( ! ,*ur* is to guide m5 into all tru?1 & to pres]ve !m f all error1 x foll[s t he :o is appo9t$ to wat* ov] ! con/itution ( ! ,*ur* mu/ be infallible1 or exempt f error 9 8 (ficial capacity z judge ( fai? & morals4 ,! pr]ogatives ( ! ,pope mu/ be comm5surate ) ! nature ( ! con/itution :i* he has to uphold4 ,! con/itution is ,div9e & mu/ h a ,div9ely protect$ int]pret]4 ,b y w tell me t infallibility is too great a pr]ogative to be conf]r$ on man4 ,i answ]3 ,has n ,god1 9 =m] times1 clo!d ,8 ,apo/les ) p[]s f> m exalt$8 ,!y 7 end[$ ) ! gifts ( work+ miracles1 ( prophecy & inspiration2 !y 7 ! m\?-piece communicat+ ,god's revelation1 ( :i* ! ,popes are m]ely ! cu/odians4 ,if ,god c\ld make man ! organ ( ,8 reveal$ ,^w1 is x impossible = ,him to make man its infallible gu>dian & int]pret]8 ,=1 surely1 great] is ! ,apo/le :o gives u ! inspir$ ,^w ?an ! ,pope :o pres]ves x f error4 ,if1 inde$1 our ,savi\r _h visibly rema9$ among u1 no int]pret] w\ld be ne$$1 s9ce ,he w\ld expla9 ,8 ,gospel to u2 b z ,he )drew ,8 visible pres5ce f u1 x 0 em95tly reasonable t ,he %\ld designate someone to exp\nd = u ! mean+ ( ,8 ,^w4 ,a ,prote/ant ,bi%op1 9 ! c\rse ( a s]mon aga9/ ,papal ,infallibility1 rec5tly us$ ! foll[+ language3 8,= my "p1 ,i h an infallible ,bible1 & ?is is ! only infallibility t ,i require40 ,?is ass]tion1 ?\gh plausible at fir/ sight1 _c = a mom5t /& ! te/ ( s\nd criticism4 ,let u see1 sir1 :e!r an infallible ,bible is suffici5t = y4 ,ei!r y are infallibly c]ta9 t y\r int]pretation ( ! ,bible is correct or y are n4 ,if y are infallibly c]ta91 !n y ass]t = y\rself1 & ( c\rse = e read] ( ! ,scripture1 a p]sonal infallibility :i* y d5y to ! ,pope1 & :i* we claim only = him4 ,y make e man 8 own ,pope4 ,if y are n infallibly c]ta9 t y und]/& ! true mean+ ( ! :ole ,bible--& ?is is a privilege y d n claim--!n1 ,i ask1 ( :at use to y is ! objective infallibility ( ! ,bible )\t an infallible int]pret]8 ,if ,god1 z y ass]t1 has left no infallible int]pret] ( ,8 ,^w1 d y n virtually accuse ,him ( act+ unreasonably8 = w\ld x n be mo/ unreasonable 9 ,him to h reveal$ ,8 tru? to man )\t leav+ him a means ( asc]ta9+ its precise import8 ,d y n r$uce ,god's ^w to a bundle ( contradictions1 l ! leaves ( ! ,sybil1 :i* gave =? answ]s suit$ to ! wi%es ( e inquir]8 ,( ! hundr$ & m ,*ri/ian sects n[ exi/+ 9 ?is c\ntry1 does n ea* take ! ,bible z its /&>d ( au?ority1 & does n ea* memb] draw f x a mean+ diff]5t f t ( 8 neighbor8 ,n[1 9 ! m9d ( ,god ! ,scriptures c h b "o mean+4 ,is n ?is v>iety ( int]pretations ! bitt] fruit ( y\r pr9ciple3 8,an infallible ,bible is en\gh = me10 & does x n proclaim ! absolute necessity ( "s au?oriz$ & un]r+ int]pret]8 ,y tell me to dr9k ( ! wat] ( life2 b ( :at use is ?is wat] to my p>*$ lips1 s9ce y ackn[l$ge t x may be poison$ 9 pass+ ?r\gh ! m$ium ( y\r int]pretation8 ,h[ satisfactory1 on ! contr>y1 & h[ reasonable is ! ,ca?olic tea*+ on ?is subject6 ,accord+ to t sy/em1 ,*ri/ says to e ,*ri/ian3 ,"h1 my *ild1 is ! ,^w ( ,god1 & ) x ,i leave y an infallible int]pret]1 :o w exp\nd = y its hidd5 mean+ & make cle> all its difficulties4 ,"h are ! wat]s ( et]nal life1 b ,i h creat$ a *annel t w communicate ^! wat]s to y 9 all _! sweetness )\t s$im5t ( error4 ,"h is ! writt5 ,con/itution ( ,my ,*ur*4 ,b ,i h appo9t$ ov] x a ,supreme ,tribunal1 9 ! p]son ( "o 8to :om ,i h giv5 ! keys ( ! ,k+dom ( ,heav510 :o w pres]ve t ,con/itution inviolate1 & w n p]mit x to be torn into %r$s by ! conflict+ op9ions ( m54 ,& ?us my *ildr5 w be "o1 z ,i & ! ,fa!r are "o4 ,*apt] ,,xii4 ,,temporal ,,p[] ,,( ,,! ,,popes4 ,i4 ,h[ ,! ,popes ,acquir$ ,temporal ,p[]4 ,= ! cle>] und]/&+ ( ! orig9 & ! gradual gr[? ( ! ,temporal ,p[] ( ! ,popes1 we may divide ! hi/ory ( ! ,*ur* into ?ree great epo*s4 ,! fir/ embraces ! p]iod :i* elaps$ f ! e/abli%m5t ( ! ,*ur* to ! days ( ,con/ant9e ! ,great1 9 ! f\r? c5tury2 ! second1 f ,con/ant9e to ,*>lemagne1 :o 0 cr[n$ ,emp]or 9 ! ye> #hjj2 ! ?ird1 f ,*>lemagne to ! pres5t "t4 ,:5 ,/4 ,pet]1 ! fir/ ,pope 9 ! long1 unbrok5 l9e ( ,sov]eign ,pontiffs1 ent]$ ,italy & ,rome he did n possess a foot ( gr\nd :i* he c\ld call 8 own4 ,he c\ld say ) 8 ,div9e ,ma/]3 8,! foxes h holes & ! birds ( ! air ne/s1 b ! ,son ( ,man ha? n :]eon to lay 8 head407#aha7 ,! ,apo/le di$ z he _h liv$1 a poor man1 hav+ no?+ at 8 dea? save ! affections ( a grateful p4 ,b1 al?\gh ! ,pr9ce ( ! ,apo/les own$ no?+ t he c\ld call 8 p]sonal prop]ty1 he receiv$ f ! fai?ful l>ge donations to be di/ribut$ among ! ne$y4 ,= 9 ! ,acts ( ! ,apo/les we are told t 8nei!r 0 anyone among !m 7! fai?ful7 ne$y2 = z _m z 7 own]s ( l&s or h\ses sold !m1 & br\ght ! prices ( ! ?+s :i* !y sold & laid !m be=e ! feet ( ! ,apo/les1 & di/ribution 0 made to ev]yone accord+ z he _h ne$407#ahb7 ,su* 0 ! filial atta*m5t ( ! e>ly ,*ri/ians t[>ds ! ,pontiffs ( ! ,*ur*2 su* 0 ! confid5ce repos$ 9 _! p]sonal integrity1 & 9 _! discretion 9 disp5s+ ! *>ity ( ! fai?ful4 ,dur+ ! fir/ ?ree hundr$ ye>s ! ,pa/ors ( ! ,*ur* 7 g5]ally incapable ( hold+ real e/ate 9 ,rome2 = ,*ri/ianity 0 yet a proscrib$ religion1 & ! fai?ful 7 expos$ to ! mo/ viol5t & unrel5t+ p]secutions t h ev] d>k5$ ! annals ( hi/ory4 ,! ,*ri/ians ( ,rome wor%ip$ = ! mo/ "p 9 ! catacombs4 ,^! catacombs are subt]ranean *amb]s & passages "u ! city ( ,rome4 ,!y ext5d = miles 9 diff]5t directions1 & are visit$ to ?is day by ?\s&s ( /rang]s4 ,"h ! primitive ,*ri/ians pray$ toge!r1 "h !y enc\rag$ "o ano!r to m>tyrdom1 "h !y di$ & 7 buri$2 s t ^! cav]ns s]v$ at ! same "t z temples ( wor%ip = ! liv+ & z tombs = ! dead4 ,at la/ ,con/ant9e ! ,great br\ght peace to ! ,*ur*4 ,! long night ( ,pagan p]secution 0 succe$$ by ! bright dawn ( religi\s lib]ty1 & z our ,bless$ ,savior rose triumphant f ! grave1 aft] hav+ la9 !re = ?ree days1 s did our e>ly bre?r5 9 ! fai? em]ge f ! tombs ( ! catacombs1 aft] hav+ be5 buri$1 z x 71 9 ! b[els ( ! e>? = ?ree c5turies4 ,con/ant9e gave to ! ,roman ,*ur* munific5t donations ( money & real e/ate1 :i* 7 augm5t$ by additional grants contribut$ by subsequ5t emp]ors4 ,h5ce ! patrimony ( ! ,roman ,pontiffs soon became v consid]able4 ,voltaire himself tells u t ! weal? :i* ! ,popes acquir$ 0 sp5t n 9 satisfy+ _! own av>ice & ambition1 b 9 ! mo/ laudable works ( *>ity & religion4 ,!y exp5d$ _! patrimony1 he says1 9 s5d+ mission>ies to evangelize ,pagan ,europe1 9 giv+ hospitality to exil$ ,bi%ops at ,rome & 9 fe$+ ! poor4 ,& ,i may "h add t succe$+ ,popes h g5]\sly imitat$ ! munific5ce ( ! e>ly ,pontiffs4 ,an ev5t occurr$ 9 ! reign ( ,con/ant9e :i* pav$ ! way = ! p>tial jurisdiction :i* ! ,roman ,pontiffs comm5c$ to enjoy ov] ,rome1 & :i* !y cont9u$ to ex]cise till !y obta9$ full sov]eignty 9 ! days ( ,k+ ,pep9 ( ,france4 ,9 ! ye> #cbg ! ,emp]or ,con/ant9e transf]r$ ! seat ( empire f ,rome to ,con/ant9ople1 ! pres5t capital ( ,turkey4 ,! city 0 nam$ aft] ,con/ant9e1 :o f\nd$ x4 ,a subsequ5t emp]or appo9t$ a gov]nor1 or ex>*1 to rule ,italy1 :o resid$ 9 ! city ( ,rav5na4 ,?is new sy/em1 z is manife/1 did n "w well4 ,! ,emp]or ( ,con/ant9ople ref]r$ all matt]s to 8 deputy 9 ,rav5na1 & ! deputy 0 m anxi\s to conciliate ! ,emp]or ?an to satisfy ! p ( ,rome4 ,italy & ,rome 7 !n 9 a political condition analog\s to t 9 :i* ! ,iri% 7 plac$ = sev]al c5turies4 ,ab&on$ to itself1 ,rome became a tempt+ prey to ^? num]\s hordes ( ,b>b>ians f ! ,nor? t !n deva/at$ ,italy4 ,! city 0 successively attack$ by ! ,go?s "u ,al>ic1 & by ! ,v&als "u ,g5s]ic1 & 0 ?reat5$ by ! ,huns "u ,attila4 ,unable to obta9 assi/ance f ! ,emp]or 9 ! ,ea/1 or ! ,gov]nor at ,rav5na1 ! citiz5s ( ,rome look$ up to ! ,popes z _! only ,gov]nors & protectors1 & _! only salvation 9 ! dang]s :i* ?reat5$ !m4 ,! confid5ce :i* !y repos$ 9 ! ,pontiffs 0 n misplac$4 ,! ,popes 7 n only devot$ spiritual ,fa!rs1 b firm & valiant civil ,gov]nors4 ,:5 ,attila1 :o 0 surnam$ 8! ,sc\rge ( ,god10 approa*$ ! city ) an army ( #ejj1jjj m51 ,pope ,leo ! ,great w5t out to meet him unatt5d$ by troops4 ,8 mild eloqu5ce dis>m$ ! indomitable *iefta9 & induc$ him to retrace 8 /eps4 ,?us he sav$ ! city f pillage & ! p f de/ruction4 ,! same ,pope ,leo also confront$ ,g5s]ic1 ! lead] ( ! ,v&als2 & al?\gh he c\ld n ?is "t protect ,rome f ! plund] ( ! soldi]s he sav$ ! lives ( ! citiz5s f slaught]4 ,su* acts z ^! 7 naturally calculat$ to b9d ! ,roman p m /rongly to ! ,popes & to ali5ate !m f _! nom9al rul]s4 ,9 ! e>ly "p ( ! eigh? c5tury ,leo ,isauricus1 "o ( ! successors ( ,con/ant9e on ! imp]ial ?rone1 n cont5t ) 8 civil au?ority1 endeavor$1 l ,h5ry ,,viii41 to usurp spiritual jurisdiction1 &1 l ! same ,engli% mon>*1 s\ght to rob ! p ( _! "t-honor$ sacr$ traditions4 ,a civil rul] dabbl+ 9 religion is z repreh5sible z a cl]gyman dabbl+ 9 politics4 ,bo? r5d] !mselves odi\s z well z ridicul\s4 ,! ,emp]or comm&$ all pa9t+s ( our ,savior & ,8 sa9ts to be remov$ f ! *ur*es on ! assumption t su* an exhibition 0 an act ( idolatry4 ,pope ,gregory ,,ii4 wrote to ! ,emp]or an en]getic remon/rance1 rem9d+ him t 8dogmas ( fai? are to be int]pret$ by ! ,pontiffs ( ! ,*ur* & n by emp]ors10 & begg+ him to sp>e ! sacr$ pa9t+s4 ,b ! ,pope's remon/rance & entreaties 7 9 va94 ,?is conduct ( ! ,emp]or t5d$ to wid5 /ill m ! brea* betwe5 himself & ! ,roman p4 ,soon aft] an ev5t occurr$ :i* aboli%$ =ev] ! au?ority ( ! ,byzant9e ,emp]ors 9 ,italy1 & e/abli%$ on a sure & la/+ basis ! temporal sov]eignty ( ! ,popes4 ,9 #ged ,a/olphus1 ,k+ ( ! ,lomb>ds1 invad$ ,italy1 captur$ "s ,italian cities & ?reat5$ to advance on ,rome4 ,pope ,/eph5 ,,iii417#ahc7 :o !n rul$ ! ,*ur*1 s5t an urg5t appeal to ! ,emp]or ,con/ant9e ,copronymus1 successor ( ,leo ! ,isaurian1 implor+ him to come to ! relief ( ,rome & 8 ,italian prov9ces4 ,! ,emp]or manife/$ 8 usual apa?y & indiff]5ce & receiv$ ! message ) coldness & neglect4 ,9 ?is em]g5cy ,/eph51 :o sees t no "t is to be lo/1 crosses ! ,alps 9 p]son1 approa*es ,pep91 ,k+ ( ,france1 & begs t p[]ful mon>* to protect ! ,italian p1 :o 7 utt]ly ab&on$ by ^? t ought to be _! def5d]s4 ,! pi\s ,k+1 aft] pay+ 8 homage to ! ,pope1 sets out = ,italy ) 8 army1 defeats ! invad+ ,lomb>ds & places ! ,pope at ! head ( ! conqu]$ prov9ces4 ,*>lemagne1 ! successor ( ,pep91 n only confirms ! grant ( 8 fa!r1 b increases ! temporal doma9 ( ! ,pope by donat+ him "s additional prov9ces4 ,?is small piece ( t]ritory ! ,roman ,pontiffs cont9u$ to gov]n f t "t till #ahgj1 ) ! exception ( brief int]vals ( =eign usurpation4 ,& c]ta9ly1 if ev] any ,pr9ce m]it$ ! appellation ( legitimate sov]eign1 t title is em95tly des]v$ by ! ,bi%ops ( ,rome4 ,,ii4 ,! ,validity ,& ,ju/ice ,( ,_! ,title4 ,!re are ?ree titles :i* r5d] ! t5ure ( a ,pr9ce hone/ & inconte/able1 viz41 long possession1 legitimate acquisition & a j use ( ! orig9al grant confid$ to him4 ,! ,bi%op ( ,rome possess$ 8 temporality by all ^! titles4 ,fir/--,! temporal dom9ion ( ! ,pope is mo/ anci5t 9 po9t ( "t4 ,he comm5c$1 z we h se51 to enjoy full sov]eignty ab\t ! middle ( ! eigh? c5tury4 ,! ,pope 01 consequ5tly1 a temporal rul] = upw>ds ( #a1ajj ye>s4 ,! ,papal dyna/y is1 !re=e1 ! olde/ 9 ,europe1 & probably 9 ! _w4 ,! ,pope 0 ! temporal rul] ( ,rome f\r hundr$ ye>s be=e ,engl& subjugat$ ,irel&1 & sev5 hundr$ be=e ! fir/ ,european press$ 8 foot on ! ,am]ican cont95t4 ,second--,8 civil au?ority 0 e/abli%$ n by ! sword ( conque/1 nor ! viol5ce ( usurpation4 ,he did n m\nt ! ?rone ^u ! ru9s ( outrag$ lib]ties or violat$ treaties2 b he 0 call$ to rule by ! unanim\s voice ( a grateful p4 ,always ! devot$ spiritual ,fa!r ( ,rome1 he provid5tially became its civil def5d]2 & ! temporal p[] he _h possess$ already by popul> suffrage 0 ratifi$ & sanction$ by ! sov]eign act ( ! ,franki% mon>*4 ,9 a ^w1 ! %ip ( /ate 0 9 dang] ( be+ engulf$ b5ea? ! fi]ce waves ( =eign invasion4 ,! capta91 meantime1 fold$ 8 arms & ab&on$ ! %ip to h] fate4 ,! ,pope 0 call$ to ! helm 9 ! em]g5cy1 & he sav$ ! vessel f %ipwreck & ! p f de/ruction4 ,h5ce1 ev5 ,gibbon1 ! ,engli% hi/orian1 :o _c be suspect$ ( p>tiality1 has ! c&or to use ! foll[+ language 9 discuss+ ?is subject3 8,_! 7! ,pope's7 temporal dom9ion is n[ confirm$ by ! rev]5ce ( a ?\s& ye>s1 & _! noble/ title is ! free *oice ( a p :om !y _h r$eem$ f slav]y40 ,?ird--,:at is ! use or advantage ( ! temporal p[]8 ,?is is well wor? consid]+1 z _m h errone\s notions on ! subject4 ,! object is n to aggr&ize or enri* ! ,pope4 ,he asc5ds ! ,papal *air g5]ally an old man1 :5 human passion & human ambition1 if any did exi/1 are on ! wane4 ,8 p]sonal exp5ses d n exce$ a few doll>s a day4 ,he eats alone & v ab/emi\sly4 ,he has no wife1 no *ildr5 to enri* ) ! spoils ( (fice1 z he is an unm>ri$ man4 ,! ,pop$om is n h]$it>y1 l ! sov]eignty ( ,engl&1 b elective1 l ! (fice ( our ,presid5t1 & ! ,holy ,fa!r is succe$$ by a ,pontiff to :om he 0 b\nd by no family ties4 ,:at p]sonal motive1 !re=e1 c he h 9 desir+ temporal sov]eignty8 ,i am sure1 inde$1 t if ! ,holy ,fa!r 7 to consult 8 own ta/e & feel+s1 he w\ld mu* r be free f ! trammels ( civil gov]nm5t4 ,b he has high] int]e/s to subs]ve4 ,he mu/ v9dicate ! et]nal laws ( ju/ice :i* h be5 violat$ 9 8 own p]son4 ,z ! ,popes 7 n actuat$ by a love ( ga9 9 possess+ temporal dom9ion1 nei!r _h !y any desire to enl>ge _! t]ritory1 small z x 04 ,! temporalities ( ! ,pope 7 n mu* l>g] ?an ! ,/ate ( ,m>yl& be=e he 0 depriv$ ( !m by ,victor ,emmanuel a few ye>s ago4 ,& ?is is ! little slice ( l& :i* ,victor ,emmanuel wre/$ f ! ,holy ,fa!r4 ,?is is ! v9ey>d :i* ! mod]n ,k+ ,a*ab wrung f ! un(f5d+ ,nabo?4 ,b ! ,pontiff answ]s1 l ,nabo? ( old3 8,! ,"l be m]ciful to me1 & n let me give !e ! inh]itance ( my fa!rs407#ahd7 ,?is is ! little ewe-lamb :i* ! mod]n ,david has snat*$ f ,uriah1 its legitimate own]4 ,! royal %eph]d ( ,pi$mont _h already seiz$ all ! o!r lambs & %eep ( 8 neighbors2 b he 0 n satisfi$ till he add$ to 8 fold ! solit>y1 t5d] lamb ( ! ,pope4 ,let him take c>e1 h[ev]1 t ! prophecy d5\nc$ by ,na?an aga9/ ,david fall n ^u himself & 8 po/]ity3 8,:y1 !re=e1 ha/ ?\ despis$ ! ^w ( ! ,"l1 to d evil 9 ,my sight8 ,!re=e ! sword %all nev] dep>t f ?y h\se1 because ?\ ha/ despis$ ,me4 ,behold1 ,i w raise up evil aga9/ !e out ( ?y own h\se407#ahe7 ,:ile ! patrimony ( ! ,pope 0 l>ge en\gh to secure 8 indep5d5ce1 x 0 too small to provoke ! fe> & jeal\sy ( =eign p[]s4 ,! au?ority ( ! ,roman ,pontiffs 9 ! ,middle ,ages 0 almo/ unb\nd$4 ,_h !y wi%$ !n1 !y c\ld easily h increas$ _! t]ritory2 yet !y 7 cont5t ) :at ,provid5ce plac$ orig9ally 9 _! h&s47#ahf7 ,! sole end ( ! temporal p[] has be5 to secure = ! ,pope indep5d5ce & fre$om 9 ! gov]nm5t ( ! ,*ur*4 ,! ,holy ,fa!r mu/ be ei!r a sov]eign or a subject4 ,!re is no m$ium4 ,if a subject1 he might become ei!r ! pliant creature1 if ,god w\ld s p]mit1 ( 8 royal ma/]1 l ! s*ismatic ,patri>* ( ,con/ant9ople1 :o1 z ,gibbon obs]v$1 0 8a dome/ic slave "u ! eye ( 8 ma/]1 at ^: nod he pass$ f ! conv5t to ! ?rone1 & f ! ?rone to ! conv5t40 ,&1 inde$1 ! ,ori5tal s*ismatic ,bi%ops are z subs]vi5t n[ z !y 7 !n to _! temporal rul]s4 ,or1 :at is f> m probable1 ! ,pope might become a virtual prison] 9 8 own h\se1 z ! pres5t illu/ri\s ,pontiff is at ?is mom5t4 ,! ,pope is ! repres5tative ( ,*ri/ on e>?4 ,8 (fice requires him to be 9 con/ant communication ) prelates 9 e c\ntry 9 ! _w4 ,%\ld ! k+dom ( ,italy be embroil$ 9 a w> ) any ,european ,p[]--) ,g]many1 = in/ance--x w\ld be difficult1 if n impossible1 = ! ,holy ,fa!r & ! ,g]man ,bi%ops to conf] ) ea* o!r1 & religion w\ld suff] f ! int]ruption ( int]c\rse betwe5 ! ,head & ! memb]s4 ,! int]e/s ( ,*ri/ianity dem& t ! ,vic> ( ! ,pr9ce ( ,peace %\ld possess "o spot ( t]ritory :i* w\ld be held inviolable1 s t all nations & peoples c\ld at all times1 9 w>1 z well z 9 peace1 freely correspond ) him4 ,no?+ c be m revolt+ to our feel+s ?an t ! spiritual gov]nm5t ( ! ,*ur* %\ld be con/antly hamp]$ by ! ho/ile aggressions ( ambiti\s rul]s1 an ev5tuality always likely to occur s long z ! ,pope rema9s ! subject ( any e>?ly pot5tate47#ahg7 ,b we are told t ! ,roman p1 by a plebiscitum1 or popul> vote1 express$ _! desire to be annex$ to ! ,pi$montese ,gov]nm5t4 ,to ?is ,i answ]1 9 ! fir/ place1 t we ought to "k :at importance to atta* to elections held "u ! %ad[ ( ! bayonet4 ,x is well kn[n t ! ,roman plebiscitum 0 und]tak5 by ! au?ority & guid$ by ! inspiration ( ! ,italian troops4 ,x is equally notori\s t ! num]\s /raggl]s :o accompani$ ! ,italian army to ,rome legaliz$ ! gigantic fraud ( _! ma/]1 z well z _! own petty !fts1 by vot+ 9 favor ( annexation4 ,9 ! second place1 ! ,roman p1 ev5 _h !y s desir$1 _h no "r to transf]1 by _! suffrage1 ! ,patrimony ( ,/4 ,pet] to ,victor ,emmanuel4 ,!y c\ld n give :at did n belong to !m4 ,! ,papal t]ritory 0 grant$ to ! ,popes 9 tru/1 = ! use & b5efit ( ! ,*ur*--t is1 = ! use & b5efit ( ! ,ca?olics ( ,*ri/5dom4 ,! ,ca?olic _w1 !re=e1 & n m]ely a h&ful ( ,roman subjects1 mu/ give its cons5t be=e su* a transf] c be decl>$ legitimate4 ,rome is to ,ca?olic ,*ri/5dom :at ,wa%+ton is to ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,z ! citiz5s ( ,wa%+ton h no p[]1 )\t ! concurr5ce ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 to annex _! city to ,m>yl& or ,virg9ia1 nei!r c ! citiz5s ( ,rome h& ov] _! city to ! ,k+dom ( ,pi$mont )\t ! acquiesc5ce ( ! fai?ful disp]s$ ?r\gh\t ! _w4 ,we prote/1 !re=e1 aga9/ ! occupation ( ,rome by =eign troops z a high-h&$ act ( inju/ice1 & a gross violation ( ! ,comm&m5t1 8,?\ %alt n /eal40 ,we prote/ aga9/ x z a royal outrage1 calculat$ to %ock ! public s5se ( hone/y1 & to weak5 ! sacr$ "r ( public & private prop]ty4 ,we prote/ aga9/ x z an unju/ifiable violation ( solemn treaties4 ,we prote/1 9 f9e1 aga9/ ! spoliation z an impi\s sacrilege1 because x is an unholy seizure ( ecclesia/ical prop]ty1 & an attempt1 z f> z human ag5cies c accompli% x1 to trammel & emb>rass ! free action ( ! ,head ( ! ,*ur*4 ,,iii4 ,:at ,! ,popes ,h ,done ,= ,rome4 ,al?\gh ! temporal p[] ( ! ,pope is a subject :i* conc]ns ! univ]sal ,*ur*1 no nation has m reason to lam5t ! loss ( ! ,holy ,fa!r's temporalities ?an ! ,italians !mselves1 & p>ticul>ly ! inhabitants ( ,rome4 ,x is ! resid5ce ( ! ,popes 9 ,rome t has contribut$ to h] mat]ial & religi\s gr&eur4 ,! ,pontiffs h made h] ! ,c5tre ( ,*ri/5dom1 ! ,que5 ( religion1 ! ,mi/ress ( arts & sci5ces1 ! ,depository ( sacr$ le>n+4 ,by _! creative & cons]vative _s !y h sav$ ! illu/ri\s monum5ts ( ! pa/1 &1 side by side ) ^!1 !y h rais$ up ,*ri/ian temples :i* surpass ^? ( ,pagan antiquity4 ,9 look+ today at ^! old ,roman monum5ts we "k n :i* to admire m--! g5ius ( ^? :o design$ & erect$ !m1 or ! fo/]+ c>e ( ! ,popes :o h pres]v$ f de/ruction ! v5]able ru9s4 ,! resid5ce ( ! ,popes 9 ,rome has made h] :at %e is truly call$1 8,! ,et]nal ,city40 ,let ! ,popes leave ,rome =ev]1 & 9 five ye>s grass w be gr[+ on its /reets4 ,su* 0 ! case at ! return ( ! ,pope1 9 #adah1 f ,avignon1 :i* _h be5 ! seat ( ! ,sov]eign ,pontiffs dur+ ! prec$+ c5tury4 ,on ! ,pope's return ! city ( ,rome _h a population ( only #ag1jjj7ahh7 & ,avignon1 :i*1 dur+ ! resid5ce ( ! ,popes 9 ! f\rte5? c5tury conta9$ a population ( #ajj1jjj1 has n[ a population ( only #cf1djg inhabitants4 ,su*1 also1 0 ! case 9 ! beg9n+ ( ! pres5t c5tury1 :5 ,pius ,,vii4 0 an exile = f\r ye>s f ,rome1 & a prison] ( ! fir/ ,napoleon1 9 ,gr5oble1 ,savona & ,fonta9ebleau4 ,grass !n grew on ! /reets ( ,rome1 & ! city lo/ "o-half ( its population4 ,rome has naturally no comm]cial attractions4 ,x is only ! pres5ce ( ! ,pope t keeps up h] trade4 ,let ! ,popes ab&on ,rome1 & h] *ur*es w soon be )\t wor%ip]s2 h] arti/s )\t employm5t4 ,h] glori\s monum5ts w p]i%4 ,sci5ce & art & sacr$ lit]ature w take _! flight & p]* ^u "s m favor$ spot4 ,! hundr$ ?\s& & m /rang]s :o annually flock to ,rome f diff]5t p>ts ( ! _w w %ake (f ! du/ f _! feet & seek m cong5ial cities4 ,let ! ,popes )draw f ,rome1 & x may become almo/ z desolate z ,j]usalem & ,antio* are today4 ,pet] prea*$ 8 fir/ s]mons 9 ,j]usalem1 b he did n select x z 8 ,see2 & ,j]usalem is today a ,mahometan city1 ) its sacr$ places pr(an$ by ! foot ( ! ,mussulman4 ,pet] occupi$ = a "t ! city ( ,antio* z 8 fir/ ,see4 ,b1 9 ! my/]i\s provid5ce ( ,god1 he ab&on$ ,antio* & repair$ to ,rome2 & n[1 little rema9s ( ! anci5t ,antio* ( ,pet]'s day except colossal ru9s4 ,_h ! ,popes rema9$ 9 ,antio*1 ,syria w\ld n[ v probably be1 in/ead ( ,europe1 ! c5tre ( ,*ri/ianity & civilization4 ,! immortal ,dome ( ,/4 ,pet]'s w\ld1 d\btless1 ov]%ad[ ! banks ( ! ,orontes in/ead ( ! ,tib]2 & ,antio*1 n ,rome1 w\ld be ! focus ( art1 sci5ce1 & sacr$ lit]ature1 & w\ld be call$ today 8,! ,et]nal ,city40 ,our pres5t7#ahi7 belov$ ,pontiff1 ,pius ,,ix41 ,i ne$ n in=m y1 is n[ treat$ ) indignity 9 8 own city4 ,9 8 decl9+ ye>s1 z well z 9 ! e>ly days ( 8 ,pontificate1 he is made to dr9k deep ( ! *alice ( affliction4 ,8 "n is de> to u all4 ,to _m ( u x is a "n famili> f our y\?2 = ?irty-"o ye>s h n[ elaps$ s9ce he fir/ assum$ ! re9s ( gov]nm5t2 & x is a notewor?y fact t1 s9ce ! days ( ,pet]1 no ,pope has ev] reign$ s long z ,pius ,,ix4 ,! ,pope 9 e age1 l 8 ,div9e ,ma/]1 has 8 p]iod ( p]secution & 8 p]iod ( peace4 ,l ,him1 he has 8 days ( sorr[ & 8 days ( joy1 8 days ( humiliation & dea?1 8 days ( exaltation & glory4 ,l ,jesus ,*ri/1 he is "o day greet$ ) acclamations z k+1 & ano!r day crucifi$ by 8 enemies4 ,b nev] does ! ,holy ,fa!r exhibit 8 title z ,vic> ( ,*ri/ m /rik+ly ?an 9 ! mid/ ( tribulations4 ,if he did n suff]1 he w\ld be> no resemblance to 8 ,div9e ,model & ,ma/]2 & nev] does he m wor?ily des]ve ! filial homage ( 8 *ildr5 ?an :5 he is heavily lad5 ) ! cross4 ,i envy nei!r ! he>t nor ! head ( ^? m5 :o are n[ gloat+ ) fi5di% joy ov] ! calamities ( ! ,pope2 :o are heap+ insults & calumnies on 8 v5]able head1 :ile he is 9 ! h&s ( 8 enemies17#aij7 & :o are confid5tly pr$ict+ ! d[nfall ( ! ,papacy1 f ! pres5t situation ( ! ,head ( ! ,*ur*1 z if ! tempor>y privation ( 8 dom9ions involv$ _! irrevocable loss2 or1 z if ev5 ! p]petual de/ruction ( ! temporal p[] involv$ ! de/ruction ( ! spiritual supremacy itself4 8,! ,papacy10 !y say1 8is gone4 ,its glory is vani%$4 ,its sun is set4 ,x is sunk bel[ ! horizon1 nev] to rise aga940 ,ill-bod+ prophets1 w y nev] pr(it by ! lessons ( hi/ory8 ,h n numb]s ( ,popes be=e ,pius ,,ix4 be5 =cibly eject$ f _! ,see1 & h !y n be5 re9/at$ 9 _! temporal au?ority8 ,:at has happ5$ s (t5 be=e may & w happ5 aga94 ,= our "p we h e confid5ce t ere long ! cl\ds :i* n[ ov]%ad[ ! civil ?rone ( ! ,pope w be remov$ by ! brea? ( a righte\s ,god1 & t 8 temporal p[] w be re-e/abli%$ on a m p]man5t basis ?an ev]4 ,b :atev] be ! fate ( ! ,pope's temporalities1 we h no fe>s = ! spiritual ?rone ( ! ,papacy4 ,! ,pontiffs h receiv$ _! e>?ly dom9ion f man1 & :at man gives man may take away4 ,b ! spiritual supremacy ! ,bi%ops ( ,rome h f ,god1 & no man c de/roy x4 ,t ,div9e *>t] ( _! pr]ogatives1 8,?\ art ,pet]1 & on ?is rock ,i w build ,my ,*ur*1 & ! gates ( hell %all n prevail aga9/ x107#aia7 w ev] %9e =? z brightly z ! sun1 & x is z f> z ! sun above ! rea* ( human aggression4 ,! ,holy ,fa!r may live & die 9 ! catacombs1 z ! e>ly ,pontiffs did = ! fir/ ?ree c5turies4 ,he may be dragg$ f 8 ,see & p]i% 9 exile1 l ! ,m>t9s1 ! ,gregories & ! ,piuses4 ,he may w&] a p5niless pilgrim1 l ,pet] himself4 ,rome itself may s9k b5ea? ! ,m$it]ranean2 b ! *air ( ,pet] w /&1 & ,pet] w live 9 8 successors4 ,*apt] ,,xiii4 ,,! ,,invocation ,,( ,,sa9ts4 ,*ri/ians ( mo/ d5om9ations are accu/om$ to recite ! foll[+ article conta9$ 9 ! ,apo/les' ,cre$3 8,i believe 9 ! communion ( ,sa9ts40 ,!re are _m1 ,i fe>1 :o h ^! words frequ5tly on _! lips1 )\t an adequate k ( ! preci\s mean+ :i* !y convey4 ,! true & obvi\s s5se ( ! words quot$ f ! ,cre$ is1 t betwe5 ! *ildr5 ( ,god1 :e!r reign+ 9 heav5 or soj\rn+ on e>?1 !re exi/s an int]communion1 or spiritual communication by pray]2 &1 consequ5tly1 t our fri5ds :o h ent]$ into _! re/ are m9dful ( u 9 _! petitions to ,god4 ,9 ! exposition ( h] ,cre$ ! ,ca?olic ,*ur* weighs h] words 9 ! scales ( ! sanctu>y ) z mu* precision z a bank] weighs 8 gold4 ,) reg>d to ! ,invocation ( ,sa9ts ! ,*ur* simply decl>es t x is 8useful & salut>y0 to ask _! pray]s4 ,!re are expressions address$ to ! ,sa9ts 9 "s popul> books ( devotion :i*1 to critical read]s1 may seem extravagant4 ,b !y are only ! w>m language ( affection & poetry1 to be regulat$ by our /&>d ( fai?2 & notice t all ! pray]s ( ! ,*ur* end ) ! =mula3 8,?r\gh our ,"l ,jesus ,*ri/10 suffici5tly indicat+ h] belief t ,*ri/ is ! ,m$iator ( salvation4 ,a he>t t5d]ly atta*$ to ! ,sa9ts w give v5t to its feel+s 9 ! language ( hyp]bole1 j z an en?usia/ic lov] w call 8 future bride 8 adorable que51 )\t any int5tion ( wor%ip+ h] z a goddess4 ,?is reflection %\ld be borne 9 m9d :ile read+ su* passages4 ,i might easily %[1 by volum9\s quotations f ecclesia/ical writ]s ( ! fir/ ages ( ! ,*ur*1 h[ con=mable to ! tea*+ ( antiquity is ! ,ca?olic practice ( invok+ ! int]cession ( ! ,sa9ts4 ,b z y1 de> read]1 may n be dispos$ to atta* adequate importance to ! writ+s ( ! ,fa!rs1 ,i %all conf9e myself to ! te/imony ( ,holy ,scripture4 ,y w readily admit t x is a salut>y cu/om to ask ! pray]s ( ! bless$ 9 heav51 provid$ y h no d\bt t !y c he> y\r pray]s1 & t !y h ! p[] & ! w to assi/ y4 ,n[ ! ,scriptures amply demon/rate ! k1 ! influ5ce & ! love ( ! ,sa9ts 9 our reg>d4 ,fir/--,x w\ld be a great mi/ake to suppose t ! ,angels & ,sa9ts reign+ ) ,god see & he> 9 ! same mann] t we see & he> on e>?1 or t k is communicat$ to !m z x is communicat$ to u4 ,:ile we are conf9$ 9 ! prison ( ! body1 we see only ) our eyes & he> ) our e>s2 h5ce our faculties ( vision & he>+ are v limit$4 ,comp>$ ) ! heav5ly inhabitants1 we are l a man 9 a d>ksome cell ?r\gh :i* a dim ray ( light p5etrates4 ,he obs]ves b few objects1 & ^! v obscurely4 ,b z soon z our s\l is fre$ f ! body1 so>+ heav5w>d l a bird releas$ f its cage1 its vision is at once m>vel\sly enl>g$4 ,x requires nei!r eyes to see nor e>s to he>1 b beholds all ?+s 9 ,god z 9 a mirror4 8,we n[10 says ! ,apo/le1 8see ?r\gh a glass d>kly2 b !n face to face4 ,n[1 ,i "k 9 "p2 b !n ,i %all "k ev5 z ,i am kn[n407#aib7 ,9 our day we "k :at wond]ful facility we h 9 communicat+ ) our fri5ds at a di/ance4 ,a message to ,b]l9 or ,rome ) ! answ]1 :i* a c5tury ago w\ld require sixty days 9 transmission1 c n[ be accompli%$ 9 sixty m9utes4 ,i c hold a conv]sation ) an acqua9tance 9 ,san ,francisco1 ?ree ?\s& miles away1 & c talk to him z easily & exp$iti\sly z if he 7 closet$ ) me "h 9 ,baltimore4 ,nay m1 we c di/9ctly recognize "o ano!r by ! s\nd ( our voice4 ,if a sci5ti/ _h pr$ict$ su* ev5ts1 a hundr$ ye>s pa/1 he w\ld be reg>d$ z dem5t$4 ,& yet he w\ld n be a vision>y1 b a prophet4 ,let u n be unwise 9 measur+ ,div9e p[] by our f9ite reason4 ,if su* revelations are made 9 ! natural ord]1 :at may we n expect 9 ! sup]natural _w8 ,if sci5ce gives u su* rapid & easy means ( correspond+ ) our fell[ be+s on =eign %ores1 :at me?ods may n ! ,god ( ,sci5ces employ to enable u to communicate ) our bre?r5 on ! %ores ( et]nity8 8,!re are m ?+s 9 heav5 & e>?1 ,horatio1 ?an are dreamt ( 9 y\r philosophy40 ,t ! spirits ( ! j 9 heav5 are cle>ly conv]sant ) our affairs on e>? is manife/ f ! foll[+ passages ( ,holy ,writ4 ,! v5]able ,patri>* ,jacob1 :5 on 8 dea?b$1 pray$ ?us = 8 two gr&*ildr53 8,may ! angel t deliv]e? me f all evils bless ^! boys607#aic7 ,"h we see a holy ,patri>*--"o s+ul>ly favor$ by ,almighty ,god1 & enlight5$ by _m sup]natural visions1 ! fa!r ( ,jehovah's *os5 p--ask+ ! angel 9 heav5 to obta9 a bless+ = 8 gr&*ildr54 ,& surely we _c suppose t he w\ld be s ignorant z to pray to "o t c\ld n he> him4 ,! angel ,raphael1 aft] hav+ disclos$ himself to ,tobias1 said to him3 8,:5 ?\ did/ pray ) te>s1 & did/ bury ! dead1 & did/ leave ?y d9n]1 ,i (f]$ ?y pray] to ! ,"l407#aid7 ,h[ c\ld ! angel1 if he 7 ignorant ( ^! petitions1 h pres5t$ to ,god ! pray]s ( ,tobias8 ,to pass f ! ,old to ! ,new ,te/am5t1 our ,savior decl>es t 8!re %all be joy be=e ! angels ( ,god ^u "o s9n] do+ p5ance407#aie7 ,!n ! angels are glad :5ev] y rep5t ( y\r s9s4 ,n[1 :at is rep5tance8 ,x is a *ange ( he>t4 ,x is an int]ior op]ation ( ! w4 ,! sa9ts1 !re=e1 are acqua9t$--we "k n h[--n only ) y\r actions & words1 b ev5 ) y\r v ?\ghts4 ,& :5 ,/4 ,paul says t 8we are made a spectacle to ! _w1 to angels1 & to m5107#aif7 :at does he mean1 unless t z our actions are se5 by m5 ev5 s !y are visible to ! angels 9 heav58 ,! examples ,i h quot$ ref]1 x is true1 to ! angels4 ,b our ,"l decl>es t ! sa9ts 9 heav5 %all be l ! angelic spirits1 by possess+ ! same k1 enjoy+ ! same happ9ess47#aig7 ,we read 9 ! ,gospel t ,dives1 :ile suff]+ 9 ! place ( ! reprobates1 e>ne/ly bes\ght ,abraham to cool 8 burn+ ?ir/4 ,& ,abraham1 9 8 abode ( re/ aft] dea?1 0 able to li/5 & reply to him4 ,n[1 if communication c\ld exi/ betwe5 ! s\ls ( ! j & ( ! reprobate1 h[ mu* easi] is x to suppose t int]*ange ( ?\ght c exi/ betwe5 ! sa9ts 9 heav5 & _! bre?r5 on e>?8 ,^! few in/ances are suffici5t to conv9ce y t ! spirits 9 heav5 he> our pray]s4 ,second--,we h1 also1 abundant te/imony f ,scripture to %[ t ! sa9ts assi/ u by _! pray]s4 ,almighty ,god ?reat5$ ! inhabitants ( ,sodom & ,gomorrha ) utt] de/ruction on acc\nt ( _! crimes & abom9ations4 ,abraham int]poses 9 _! behalf &1 9 response to 8 pray]1 ,god cons5ts to sp>e ^? cities if only t5 j m5 are f\nd !re94 ,"h ! av5g+ h& ( ,god is susp5d$ & ! fire ( ,8 wra? )held1 ?r\gh ! efficacy ( ! pray]s ( a s+le man47#aih7 ,we read 9 ! ,book ( ,exodus t :5 ! ,amalekites 7 ab\t to wage w> on ! *ildr5 ( ,israel ,moses1 ! great s]vant & ,prophet ( ! ,"l1 w5t ^u a m\nta9 to pray = ! success ( 8 p2 & ! ,scriptures in=m u t :5ev] ,moses rais$ 8 h&s 9 pray] ! ,israelites 7 victori\s1 b :5 he ceas$ to pray ,amalek conqu]$4 ,c\ld ! p[] ( int]cessory pray] be manife/$ 9 a m /rik+ mann]8 ,! sil5t pray] ( ,moses on ! m\nta9 0 m =midable to ! ,amalekites ?an ! sword ( ,josue & 8 arm$ ho/s fight+ 9 ! valley47#aii7 ,:5 ! same ,hebrew p 7 bani%$ f _! native c\ntry & c>ri$ into exile 9 ,babylon1 s great 0 _! confid5ce 9 ! pray]s ( _! bre?r5 9 ,j]usalem t !y s5t !m ! foll[+ message1 toge!r ) a sum ( money1 t sacrifice might be (f]$ up = !m 9 ! holy city3 8,pray ye = u to ! ,"l our ,god1 = we h s9n$ aga9/ ! ,"l our ,god407#bjj7 ,:5 ! fri5ds ( ,job _h excit$ ! indignation ( ! ,almighty 9 consequ5ce ( _! va9 spee*1 ,god1 in/ead ( directly grant+ !m ! p>don :i* !y s\ght1 comm&$ !m to invoke ! int]cession ( ,job3 8,g10 ,he says1 8to ,my s]vant ,job & (f] = y\rselves a holocau/1 & ,my s]vant ,job w pray = y & 8 face w ,i accept407#bja7 ,nor did !y appeal to ,job 9 va92 =1 8! ,"l 0 turn$ at ! p5ance ( ,job :5 he pray$ = 8 fri5ds407#bjb7 ,9 ?is in/ance we n only see ! value ( int]cessory pray]1 b we f9d ,god sanction+ x by ,8 own au?ority4 ,b ( all ! sacr$ writ]s !re is none t reposes great] confid5ce 9 ! pray]s ( 8 bre?r5 ?an ,/4 ,paul1 al?\gh no "o _h a bett] k ?an he ( ! inf9ite m]its ( our ,savior's ,passion1 & no "o c\ld h m ende>$ himself to ,god by 8 p]sonal labors4 ,9 8 ,epi/les ,/4 ,paul repeat$ly asks = himself ! pray]s ( 8 disciples4 ,if he wi%es to be deliv]$ f ! h&s ( ! unbeliev]s ( ,judea1 & 8 m9i/ry to be successful 9 ,j]usalem1 he asks ! ,romans to obta9 ^! favors = him4 ,if he desires ! grace ( prea*+ ) pr(it ! ,gospel to ! ,g5tiles1 he invokes ! int]cession ( ! ,ephesians4 ,nay1 is x n a common practice among ourselves1 & ev5 among our diss5t+ bre?r51 to ask ! pray]s ( "o ano!r8 ,:5 a fa!r is ab\t to leave 8 h\se on a long j\rney ! in/9ct ( piety prompts him to say to 8 wife & *ildr53 8,rememb] me 9 y\r pray]s40 ,n[ ,i ask y1 if our fri5ds1 ?\gh s9n]s1 c aid u by _! pray]s1 :y _c our fri5ds1 ! sa9ts ( ,god1 be able to assi/ u also8 ,if ,abraham & ,moses & ,job ex]cis$ s mu* influ5ce ) ! ,almighty :ile !y liv$ 9 ! fle%1 is _! p[] ) ,god dim9i%$ n[ t !y reign ) ,him 9 heav58 ,we are mov$ by ! *ildr5 ( ,israel s5d+ _! pi\s petitions to _! bre?r5 9 ,j]usalem4 ,!y recall$ to m9d1 no d\bt1 :at ! ,"l said to ,solomon aft] he _h complet$ ! temple3 8,my eyes %all be op5 & ,my e>s att5tive to ! pray] ( him t %all pray 9 ?is place407#bjc7 ,if ! supplications ( ^? t pray$ 9 ! e>?ly ,j]usalem 7 s efficaci\s1 :at w ,god refuse to ^? :o pray to ,him face to face 9 ! heav5ly ,j]usalem8 ,?ird--,b y w ask1 are ! sa9ts 9 heav5 s int]e/$ 9 our welf>e z to be m9dful ( u 9 _! pray]s8 ,or1 are !y s mu* absorb$ 9 ! contemplation ( ,god1 & 9 ! enjoym5t ( cele/ial bliss1 z to be altoge!r reg>dless ( _! fri5ds on e>?8 ,f> f u ! suspicion t ! sa9ts reign+ ) ,god ev] =get u4 ,9 heav51 *>ity is triumphant4 ,& h[ c ! sa9ts h love1 & yet be unm9dful ( _! bre?r5 on e>?8 ,if !y h "o desire great] ?an ano!r1 x is to see u "o day we>+ ! cr[ns t await u 9 heav54 ,if !y 7 capable ( exp]i5c+ sorr[1 _! grief w\ld spr+ f ! consid]ation t we d n always walk 9 _! foot/eps "h1 s z to make sure our election to et]nal glory h]eaft]4 ,! ,hebrew p believ$1 l u1 t ! sa9ts aft] dea? 7 occupi$ 9 pray+ = u4 ,we read 9 ! ,book ( ,maccabees t ,judas ,maccabeus1 ! night be=e he engag$ 9 battle ) ! army ( ! impi\s ,nicanor1 _h a sup]natural dream1 or vision1 9 :i* he beheld ,onias1 ! ,high-,prie/1 & ! prophet ,j]emiah1 bo? ( :om _h be5 long dead4 ,onias appe>$ to him ) out/ret*$ arms1 pray+ = ! p ( ,god4 ,po9t+ to ,j]emiah1 he said to ,judas ,maccabeus3 8,?is is a lov] ( 8 bre?r5 & ! p ( ,israel4 ,?is is he t praye? mu* = ! p & = all ! holy city1 ,j]emiah1 ! ,prophet ( ,god407#bjd7 ,!n ,j]emiah1 z is relat$ 9 ! sequel ( ! vision1 h&$ a sword to ,judas1 ) :i* ! prophet pr$ict$ t ,judas w\ld conqu] 8 enemies4 ,! soldi]s1 animat$ by ! relation ( ,judas1 f\ght ) inv9cible c\rage & ov]came ! enemy4 ,! ,book ( ,maccabees1 ?\gh n admitt$ by our diss5t+ bre?r5 to be inspir$1 mu/1 at lea/1 be ackn[l$g$ by !m to be a fai?ful hi/orical record4 ,x is manife/1 !re=e1 f ?is n>rative t ! ,hebrew p believ$ t ! sa9ts 9 heav5 pray = _! bre?r5 on e>?4 ,/4 ,john 9 8 ,revelation describes ! ,sa9ts be=e ! ?rone ( ,god pray+ = _! e>?ly bre?r53 8,! f\r & tw5ty anci5ts fell d[n be=e ! ,lamb1 hav+ e "o ( !m h>ps & gold5 vials full ( odors1 :i* are ! pray]s ( ! sa9ts407#bje7 ,! prophet ,za*>iah records a pray] t 0 (f]$ by ! angel = ! p ( ,god1 & ! favorable answ] :i* came f heav53 8,h[ long1 ,o ,"l1 wilt ,?\ n h m]cy on ,j]usalem1 & on ! cities ( ,juda1 ) :i* ,?\ ha/ be5 angry8444 ,& ! ,"l answ]$ ! angel 444 good words1 com=table words407#bjf7 ,nor c we be surpris$ to le>n t ! angels labor = our salvation1 s9ce we are told by ,/4 ,pet] t 8! devil goe? ab\t l a ro>+ lion1 seek+ :om he may dev\r20 =1 if hate impels ! demons to ru9 u1 surely love mu/ inspire ! angels to help u 9 secur+ ! cr[n ( glory4 ,& if ! angels1 ?\gh ( a diff]5t nature f ours1 are s m9dful ( u1 h[ mu* m int]e/ d ! sa9ts manife/ 9 our welf>e1 :o are bone ( our bone & fle% ( our fle%8 ,to ask ! pray]s ( our bre?r5 9 heav5 is n only con=mable to ,holy ,scripture1 b is prompt$ by ! in/9cts ( our nature4 ,! ,ca?olic doctr9e ( ! ,communion ( ,sa9ts robs dea? ( its t]rors1 :ile ! ,re=m]s ( ! sixte5? c5tury1 9 d5y+ ! ,communion ( ,sa9ts1 n only inflict$ a deadly w\nd on ! ,cre$1 b also sev]$ ! t5d]e/ *ords ( ! human he>t4 ,!y broke asund] ! holy ties t unite e>? ) heav5--! s\l 9 ! fle% ) ! s\l releas$ f ! fle%4 ,if my bro!r leaves me to cross ! seas ,i believe t he cont9ues to pray = me4 ,& :5 he crosses ! n>r[ sea ( dea? & l&s on ! %ores ( et]nity1 :y %\ld he n pray = me /ill8 ,:at does dea? de/roy8 ,! body4 ,! s\l /ill lives & moves & has its be+4 ,x ?9ks & wills & rememb]s & loves4 ,! dross ( s9 & selfi%ness & hatr$ are burn$ by ! salut>y fires ( contrition1 & no?+ rema9s b ! pure gold ( *>ity4 ,o f> be f u ! dre>y ?\ght t dea? cuts (f our fri5ds entirely f u6 ,f> be f u ! he>tless cre$ :i* decl>es a p]petual divorce betwe5 u & ! j 9 heav56 ,d n imag9e :5 y lose a fa!r or "m1 a t5d] si/] or bro!r1 :o die 9 ! peace ( ,*ri/1 t !y are =getful ( y4 ,! love !y bore y on e>? is purifi$ & int5sifi$ 9 heav54 ,or if y\r innoc5t *ild1 reg5]at$ 9 ! wat]s ( baptism1 is snat*$ f y by dea?1 be assur$ t1 ?\gh sep>at$ f y 9 body1 t *ild is ) y 9 _s & is repay+ y a ?\s&-fold = ! natural life x receiv$ f y4 ,be conv9c$ t ! gold5 l9k ( pray] b9ds y to t angelic infant1 & t x is cont9ually (f]+ its f]v5t petitions at ! ?rone ( ,god = y1 t y may bo? be reunit$ 9 heav54 ,b ,i he> m5 cry out ) ,ph>isaical assurance1 8,y di%onor ,god1 sir1 9 pray+ to ! sa9ts4 ,y make void ! m$iator%ip ( ,jesus ,*ri/4 ,y put ! creature above ! ,creator40 ,h[ utt]ly gr\ndless is ?is objection6 ,we d n di%onor ,god 9 pray+ to ! sa9ts4 ,we %\ld1 inde$1 di%onor ,him if we consult$ ! sa9ts indep5d5tly ( ,god4 ,b su* is n our practice4 ,! ,ca?olic ,*ur* tea*es1 on ! contr>y1 t ,god alone is ! ,giv] ( all good gifts2 t ,he is ! ,s\rce ( all bless+s1 ! ,f\nta9 ( all goodness4 ,%e tea*es t :atev] happ9ess or glory or influ5ce ! sa9ts possess1 all comes f ,god4 ,z ! moon borr[s h] light f ! sun1 s d ! bless$ borr[ _! light f ,jesus1 8! ,sun ( ,ju/ice1 ! "o ,m$iator 7( r$emption7 ( ,god & m5407#bjg7 ,h5ce1 :5 we address ! sa9ts1 we beg !m to pray = u ?r\gh ! m]its ( ,jesus ,*ri/1 :ile we ask ,jesus to help up ?r\gh ,8 own m]its4 ,b :at is ! use ( pray+ to ! sa9ts1 s9ce ,god c he> u4 ,if x is va9 & useless to pray to ! sa9ts because ,god c he> u1 !n ,jacob 0 wrong 9 pray+ to ! angel2 ! fri5ds ( ,job 7 wrong 9 ask+ him to pray = !m1 ?\gh ,god comm&$ !m to invoke ,job's int]cession2 ! ,jews exil$ 9 ,babylon 7 wrong 9 ask+ _! bre?r5 9 ,j]usalem to pray = !m2 ,/4 ,paul 0 wrong 9 besee*+ 8 fri5ds to pray = him2 !n we are all wrong 9 pray+ = ea* o!r4 ,y deem x useful & pi\s to ask y\r pa/or to pray = y4 ,is x n1 at lea/1 equally useful = me to invoke ! pray]s ( ,/4 ,paul1 s9ce ,i am conv9c$ t he c he> me8 ,god =bid t our supplications to our ,fa!r 9 heav5 %\ld dim9i% 9 proportion z our pray]s to ! ,sa9ts increase2 =1 aft] all1 we mu/ rememb] t1 :ile ! ,*ur* decl>es x necess>y = salvation to pray to ,god1 %e m]ely ass]ts t x is 8good & useful to invoke ! sa9ts407#bjh7 ,to ask ! pray]s ( ! sa9ts1 f> f be+ useless1 is mo/ pr(itable4 ,by invok+ _! int]cession1 in/ead ( "o we h _m pray+ = u4 ,to our own tepid petitions we unite ! f]v5t supplications ( ! bless$ & 8! ,"l w he> ! pray]s ( ! j407#bji7 ,to ! petitions ( u1 poor pilgrims 9 ?is vale ( te>s1 are unit$ ^? ( ! citiz5s ( heav54 ,we ask !m to pray to _! ,god & to our ,god1 to _! ,fa!r & to our ,fa!r1 t we may "o day %>e _! delights 9 t bless$ c\ntry 9 company ) our common ,r$eem]1 ,jesus ,*ri/1 ) :om to live is to reign4 ,*apt] ,,xiv4 ,,is ,,x ,,lawful ,,to ,,honor ,,! ,,bless$ ,,virg9 ,,m>y ,,z ,a ,,sa9t1 ,,to ,,invoke ,,h] ,,z ,,an ,,int]cessor1 ,,& ,,to ,,imitate ,,h] ,,z ,a ,,model4 ,i4 ,is ,x ,lawful ,to ,honor ,h]8 ,! s9c]e ador]s & lov]s ( our ,"l ,jesus ,*ri/ look ) rev]5ce on e object ) :i* ,he 0 associat$1 & !y conceive an affection = e p]son t 0 ne> & de> to ,him on e>?4 ,! clos] ! intimacy ( ^? p]sons ) our ,savior1 ! holi] d !y appe> 9 our e/imation1 j z ^? planets :i* revolve ! ne>e/ ar\nd ! sun p>take mo/ ( its light & heat4 ,!re is some?+ hall[$ to ! eye ( ! ,*ri/ian 9 ! v soil ( ,judea1 because x 0 press$ by ! footpr9ts ( our ,bless$ ,r$eem]4 ,) :at rev]5t /eps we w\ld ent] ! cave ( ,be?lehem because !re 0 born ! ,savior ( ! _w4 ,) :at religi\s demeanor we w\ld tread ! /reets ( ,naz>e? :5 we rememb]$ t !re 7 sp5t ! days ( ,8 boyhood4 ,:at pr(\nd religi\s awe w\ld fill our he>ts on asc5d+ ,m\nt ,calv>y1 :]e ,he paid by 8 blood ! ransom ( our s\ls4 ,b if ! lifeless soil claims s mu* rev]5ce1 h[ mu* m v5]ation w\ld be enk9dl$ 9 our he>ts = ! liv+ p]sons :o 7 ! fri5ds & associates ( our ,savior on e>?6 ,we "k t ,he ex]cis$ a c]ta9 salut>y & magnetic influ5ce on ^? :om ,he approa*$4 8,all ! multitude s\ght to t\* ,him1 = virtue w5t out f ,him & heal$ all107#baj7 z happ5$ to ! woman :o _h be5 tr\bl$ ) an issue ( blood47#baa7 ,we w\ld seem1 inde$1 to draw ne> to ,jesus1 if we _h ! happ9ess ( only conv]s+ ) ! ,sam>itan woman1 or ( eat+ at ! table ( ,zac*eus1 or ( be+ ent]ta9$ by ,nicodemus4 ,b if we 7 admitt$ into ! inn] circle ( ,8 fri5ds--( ,laz>us1 ,m>y & ,m>?a1 = in/ance--! ,bapti/ or ! ,apo/les1 we w\ld be consci\s t 9 _! company we 7 draw+ /ill ne>] to ,jesus & imbib+ some:at ( t _s :i* !y mu/ h l>gely receiv$ f _! famili> relations ) ,him4 ,n[1 if ! l& ( ,judea is look$ ^u z hall[$ gr\nd because ,jesus dwelt !re2 if ! ,apo/les 7 consid]$ z models ( hol9ess because !y 7 ! *os5 companions & pupils ( our ,"l 9 ,8 latt] ye>s1 h[ pe]less mu/ h be5 ! sanctity ( ,m>y1 :o gave ,him bir?1 ^: brea/ 0 ,8 pill[1 :o nurs$ & clo!d ,him 9 infancy1 :o guid$ ,8 e>ly /eps1 :o accompani$ ,him 9 ,8 exile to ,egypt & back1 :o abode ) ,him f infancy to boyhood1 f boyhood to manhood1 :o dur+ all t "t li/5$ to ! words ( wisdom :i* fell f ,8 lips1 :o 0 ! fir/ to embrace ,him at ,8 bir?1 & ! la/ to receive ,8 dy+ brea? on ,calv>y4 ,?is s5tim5t is s natural to u t we f9d x bur/+ =? spontane\sly f ! lips ( ! woman ( ! ,gospel1 :o1 he>+ ! words ( ,jesus full ( wisdom & sanctity1 lift$ up h] voice & said to ,him3 8,bless$ is ! womb t bore ,!e & ! paps t gave ,!e suck40 ,x is 9 accordance ) ! economy ( ,div9e ,provid5ce t1 :5ev] ,god designs any p]son = "s important "w1 ,he be/[s on t p]son ! graces & dispositions necess>y = fai?fully dis*>g+ x4 ,:5 ,moses 0 call$ by heav5 to be ! lead] ( ! ,hebrew p he hesitat$ to assume ! =midable (fice on ! plea ( 8imp$im5t & sl[ness ( tongue40 ,b ,jehovah reassur$ him by promis+ to qualify him = ! sublime functions assign$ to him3 8,i w be 9 ?y m\?1 & ,i w tea* !e :at ?\ %alt speak407#bab7 ,! ,prophet ,j]emiah 0 sanctifi$ f 8 v bir? because he 0 de/9$ to be ! h]ald ( ,god's law to ! *ildr5 ( ,israel3 8,be=e ,i =m$ !e 9 ! b[els ( ?y "m ,i knew !e1 & be=e ?\ came/ =? out ( ! womb ,i sanctifi$ !e407#bac7 8,elizabe? 0 fill$ ) ! ,holy ,gho/107#bad7 t %e might be wor?y to be ! ho/ess ( our ,"l dur+ ! ?ree mon?s t ,m>y dwelt "u h] ro(4 ,john ! ,bapti/ 0 8fill$ ) ! ,holy ,gho/ ev5 f 8 "m's womb407#bae7 8,he 0 a burn+ & a %9+ light07#baf7 because he 0 *os5 to prep>e ! way ( ! ,"l4 ,! ,apo/les receiv$ ! pl5itude ( grace2 !y 7 end[$ ) ! gift ( tongue & o!r privileges7#bag7 be=e !y comm5c$ ! "w ( ! m9i/ry4 ,h5ce ,/4 ,paul says3 8,our suffici5cy is f ,god1 :o ha? made u fit m9i/]s ( ! ,new ,te/am5t407#bah7 ,n[ ( all :o h p>ticipat$ 9 ! m9i/ry ( ! ,r$emption !re is none :o fill$ any position s exalt$1 s sacr$1 z is ! incommunicable (fice ( ,"m ( ,jesus2 & !re is no "o1 consequ5tly1 t ne$$ s high a degree ( hol9ess z %e did4 ,=1 if ,god ?us sanctifi$ ,8 ,prophets & ,apo/les z be+ de/9$ to be ! be>]s ( ! ,^w ( life1 h[ mu* m sanctifi$ mu/ ,m>y h be51 :o 0 to be> ! ,"l & 8,au?or ( life407#bai7 ,if ,john 0 s holy because he 0 *os5 z ! pione] to prep>e ! way ( ! ,"l1 h[ mu* m holy 0 %e :o u%]$ ,him into ! _w4 ,if hol9ess became ,john's "m1 surely a great] hol9ess became ! "m ( ,john's ,ma/]4 ,if ,god said to ,8 ,prie/s ( old3 8,be ye clean1 y t c>ry ! vessels ( ! ,"l207#bbj7 nay1 if ! vessels !mselves us$ 9 ! div9e s]vice & *ur*es are set ap>t by special consecration1 we _c conceive ,m>y to h be5 ev] pr(an$ by s91 :o 0 ! *os5 vessel ( election1 ev5 ! ,"m ( ,god4 ,:5 we call ! ,bless$ ,virg9 ! ,"m ( ,god1 we ass]t our belief 9 two ?+s3 ,fir/--,t h] ,son1 ,jesus ,*ri/1 is true man1 else %e 7 n a "m4 ,second--,t ,he is true ,god1 else %e 7 n ! ,"m ( ,god4 ,9 o!r words1 we affirm t ! ,second ,p]son ( ! ,bless$ ,tr9ity1 ! ,^w ( ,god1 :o 9 ,8 div9e nature is f all et]nity begott5 ( ! ,fa!r1 consub/antial ) ,him1 0 9 ! fulness ( "t aga9 begott51 by be+ born ( ! ,virg91 ?us tak+ to ,himself1 f h] mat]nal womb1 a human nature ( ! same sub/ance ) h]s4 ,b x may be said ! ,bless$ ,virg9 is n ! ,"m ( ! ,div9ity4 ,%e _h n1 & %e c\ld n h1 any "p 9 ! g5]ation ( ! ,^w ( ,god1 = t g5]ation is et]nal2 h] mat]nity is temporal4 ,he is h] ,creator2 %e is ,8 creature4 ,/yle h]1 if y w1 ! ,"m ( ! man ,jesus or ev5 ( ! human nature ( ! ,son ( ,god1 b n ! ,"m ( ,god4 ,i %all answ] ?is objection by putt+ a "q4 ,did ! "m :o bore u h any "p 9 ! production ( our s\l8 ,0 n ?is nobl] "p ( our be+ ! "w ( ,god alone8 ,& yet :o w\ld = a mom5t dream ( say+ 8! "m ( my body10 & n 8my "m80 ,! comp>ison tea*es u t ! t]ms p>5t & *ild1 "m & son1 ref] to ! p]sons & n to ! p>ts or elem5ts ( :i* ! p]sons are compos$4 ,h5ce no "o says3 8,! "m ( my body10 8! "m ( my s\l20 b 9 all propriety 8my "m10 ! "m ( me :o live & brea!1 ?9k & act1 "o 9 my p]sonality1 ?\gh unit+ 9 x a s\l directly creat$ by ,god1 & a mat]ial body directly d]iv$ f ! mat]nal womb4 ,9 l mann]1 z f> z ! sublime my/]y ( ! ,inc>nation c be reflect$ 9 ! natural ord]1 ! ,bless$ ,virg91 "u ! ov]%ad[+ ( ! ,holy ,gho/1 by communicat+ to ! ,second ,p]son ( ! ,adorable ,tr9ity1 z mo!rs d1 a true human nature ( ! same sub/ance ) h] own1 is !reby really & truly ,8 ,"m4 ,x is 9 ?is s5se t ! title ( ,"m ( ,god1 d5i$ by ,ne/orius1 0 v9dicat$ to h] by ! ,g5]al ,c\ncil ( ,ephesus1 9 #dca2 9 ?is s5se1 & 9 no o!r1 has ! ,*ur* call$ h] by t title4 ,h5ce1 by imm$iate & necess>y consequ5ce1 foll[ h] surpass+ dignity & excell5ce1 & h] special relation%ip & aff9ity1 n only ) h] ,div9e ,son1 b also ) ! ,fa!r & ! ,holy ,gho/4 ,m>y1 z ,wordswor? beautifully express$ x1 unit$ 9 h] p]son 8a "m's love ) maid5 purity40 ,! ,*ur* tea*es u t %e 0 always a ,virg9--a ,virg9 be=e h] esp\sals1 dur+ h] m>ri$ life & aft] h] sp\se's dea?4 8,! ,angel ,gabriel 0 s5t f ,god 444 to a ,virg9 esp\s$ to a man ^: "n 0 ,joseph1 444 & ! ,virg9's "n 0 ,m>y407#bba7 ,t %e rema9$ a ,virg9 till aft] ! bir? ( ,jesus is expressly /at$ 9 ! ,gospel47#bbb7 ,x is n less c]ta9 t %e cont9u$ 9 ! same /ate dur+ ! rema9d] ( h] days2 = 9 ! ,apo/les' & ! ,nic5e ,cre$ %e is call$ a ,virg91 & t epi!t _c be re/rict$ to ! "t ( our ,savi\r's bir?4 ,x mu/ be ref]r$ to h] :ole life1 inasmu* z bo? cre$s 7 compil$ long aft] %e _h pass$ away4 ,! ,canon ( ! ,mass1 :i* is v probably ( ,apo/olic antiquity1 speaks ( h] z ! 8glori\s ev] ,virg910 & 9 ?is s5tim5t all ,ca?olic tradition concurs4 ,!re is a propriety :i* sugge/s itself to e ,*ri/ian 9 ,m>y's rema9+ a ,virg9 aft] ! bir? ( ,jesus1 =1 z ,bi%op ,bull ( ! ,prote/ant ,episcopal ,*ur* ( ,engl& rem>ks1 8,x _c ) dec5cy be imag9$ t ! mo/ holy vessel :i* 0 once consecrat$ to be a receptacle ( ! ,deity %\ld be aft]w>ds desecrat$ & pr(an$ by human use40 ,! le>n$ ,grotius1 ,calv9 & o!r em95t ,prote/ant writ]s hold ! same view4 ,! doctr9e ( ! p]petual virg9ity ( ,m>y is n[ combat$ by ,prote/ants1 z x 0 9 ! e>ly days ( ! ,*ur* by ,helvidius & ,jov9ian1 on ! foll[+ gr\nds3 ,fir/--,! ,evangeli/ says t 8,joseph took unto him 8 wife1 & he knew h] n till %e br\ght =? h] fir/-born son407#bbc7 ,?is s5t5ce sugge/s to diss5t]s t o!r *ildr5 besides ,jesus 7 born to ,m>y4 ,b ! qualify+ ^w till by no means implies t ! *a/e union :i* _h subsi/$ betwe5 ,m>y & ,joseph up to ! bir? ( our ,"l 0 subsequ5tly alt]$4 ,! ,prote/ant ,hook] ju/ly compla9s ( ! e>ly h]etics z hav+ 8abus$ greatly ^! words ( ,mat!w1 ga!r+ aga9/ ! honor ( ! ,bless$ ,virg91 t a ?+ d5i$ ) special circum/ance do? import an opposite affirmation :5 once t circum/ance is expir$407#bbd7 ,to express ,hook]'s idea 9 pla9] words1 :5 a ?+ is said n to h occurr$ until ano!r ev5t _h happ5$1 x does n necess>ily foll[ t x did occur aft] t ev5t took place4 ,! ,scripture says t ! rav5 w5t =? f ! ark1 8& did n return till ! wat]s 7 dri$ up ^u ! e>?07#bbe7--t is1 x nev] return$4 8,samuel saw ,saul no m till ! day ( 8 dea?407#bbf7 ,he did n1 ( c\rse1 see him aft] dea?4 8,! ,"l said to my ,"l3 ,sit ?\ at my "r h& until ,i make ?y enemies ?y foot/ool407#bbg7 ,^! words apply to our ,savior1 :o did n cease to sit at ! "r ( ,god aft] ,8 enemies 7 subdu$4 ,second--,b ,jesus is call$ ,m>y's fir/-born ,son1 & does n a fir/-born always imply ! subsequ5t bir? ( o!r *ildr5 to ! same "m8 ,by no means2 = ! "n ( fir/-born 0 giv5 to ! fir/ son ( e ,jewi% "m1 :e!r o!r *ildr5 foll[$ or n4 ,we f9d ?is epi!t appli$ to ,ma*ir1 = in/ance1 :o 0 ! only son ( ,manasses47#bbh7 ,?ird--,b is n m5tion frequ5tly made ( ! bre?r5 ( ,jesus87#bbi7 ,=tunately ! ,gospels !mselves w enable u to trace ! mat]nity ( ^? :o are call$ ,8 bro!rs1 n to ! ,bless$ ,virg91 b to ano!r ,m>y4 ,/4 ,mat!w m5tions1 by "n1 ,james & ,joseph among ! bre?r5 ( ,jesus27#bcj7 & ! same ,evangeli/ & also ,/4 ,m>k tell u t among ^? :o 7 pres5t at ! ,crucifixion 7 ,m>y ,magdal5 & ,m>y ! "m ( ,james & ,joseph47#bca7 ,& ,/4 ,john1 :o n>rates ) m detail ! circum/ances ( ! ,crucifixion1 in=ms u :o ?is second ,m>y 01 = he says t !re /ood by ! cross ( ,jesus ,8 "m & ,8 ,"m's si/]1 ,m>y ( ,cleophas1 & ,m>y ,magdal547#bcb7 ,!re is no d\bt t ,m>y ( ,cleophas is id5tical ) ,m>y1 :o is call$ by ,mat!w & ,m>k ! "m ( ,james & ,joseph4 ,& z ,m>y ( ,cleophas 0 ! k9swoman ( ! ,bless$ ,virg91 ,james & ,joseph are call$ ! bro!rs ( ,jesus1 9 con=mity ) ! ,hebrew practice ( giv+ t appellation to c\s9s or ne> relations4 ,abraham1 = in/ance1 0 ! uncle ( ,lot1 yet he calls him bro!r47#bcc7 ,m>y is exalt$ above all o!r wom51 n only because %e unit$ 8a "m's love ) maid5 purity10 b also because %e 0 conceiv$ )\t orig9al s94 ,! dogma ( ! ,immaculate ,conception is ?us express$ by ! ,*ur*3 8,we def9e t ! ,bless$ ,virg9 ,m>y 9 ! fir/ mom5t ( h] conception1 by ! s+ul> grace & privilege ( ,almighty ,god1 9 virtue ( ! m]its ( ,jesus ,*ri/1 ! ,savior ( ! human race1 0 pres]v$ free f e /a9 ( orig9al s9407#bcd7 ,unlike ! re/ ( ! *ildr5 ( ,adam1 ! s\l ( ,m>y 0 nev] subject to s91 ev5 9 ! fir/ mom5t ( its infusion into ! body4 ,%e alone 0 exempt f ! orig9al ta9t4 ,?is immunity ( ,m>y f orig9al s9 is exclusively due to ! m]its ( ,*ri/1 z ! ,*ur* expressly decl>es4 ,%e ne$$ a ,r$eem] z well z ! re/ ( ! human race & !re=e 0 8r$eem$1 b 9 a m sublime mann]407#bce7 ,m>y is z mu* indebt$ to ! preci\s blood ( ,jesus = hav+ be5 pres]v$ z we are = hav+ be5 cleans$ f orig9al s94 ,al?\gh ! ,immaculate ,conception 0 n =mulat$ into a dogma ( fai? till #ahed1 x is at lea/ impli$ 9 ,holy ,scripture4 ,x is 9 /rict h>mony ) ! place :i* ,m>y holds 9 ! economy ( ,r$emption1 & has virtually receiv$ ! pi\s ass5t ( ! fai?ful f ! e>lie/ days ( ! ,*ur*4 ,9 ,g5esis we read3 8,i w put enmities betwe5 !e & ! woman1 & ?y se$ & h] se$2 %e %all cru% ?y head407#bcf7 ,all ,ca?olic comm5tators1 anci5t & mod]n1 recognize 9 ! ,se$1 ! ,woman & ! s]p5t types ( our ,savior1 ( ,m>y & ! devil4 ,god "h decl>es t ! enmity ( ! ,se$ & t ( ! ,woman t[>d ! tempt] 7 to be id5tical4 ,n[ ! enmity ( ,*ri/1 or ! ,se$1 t[>d ! evil "o 0 absolute & p]petual4 ,!re=e ! enmity ( ,m>y1 or ! ,woman1 t[>d ! devil nev] admitt$ ( any mom5t>y reconciliation :i* w\ld h exi/$ if %e 7 ev] subject to orig9al s94 ,x is wor?y ( note t z ?ree *>act]s appe> on ! sc5e ( our fall--,adam1 ,eve & ! rebelli\s ,angel--s ?ree correspond+ p]sonages figure 9 our r$emption--,jesus ,*ri/1 :o is ! second ,adam27#bcg7 ,m>y1 ! second ,eve1 & ! ,ar*angel ,gabriel4 ,! second ,adam 0 immeasurably sup]ior to ! fir/1 ,gabriel 0 sup]ior to ! fall5 ,angel1 & h5ce we are w>rant$ by analogy to conclude t ,m>y 0 sup]ior to ,eve4 ,b if %e _h be5 creat$ 9 orig9al s91 in/ead ( be+ sup]ior1 %e w\ld be inf]ior to ,eve1 :o 0 c]ta9ly creat$ immaculate4 ,we _c conceive t ! "m ( ,ca9 0 creat$ sup]ior to ! "m ( ,jesus4 ,x w\ld h be5 unwor?y ( a ,god ( inf9ite purity to h be5 born ( a woman t 0 ev5 = an in/ant "u ! dom9ion ( ,satan4 ,! liturgies ( ! ,*ur*1 be+ ! e/abli%$ =mul>ies ( h] public wor%ip1 are among ! mo/ au?oritative docum5ts t c be adduc$ 9 favor ( any religi\s practice4 ,9 ! liturgy ascrib$ to ,/4 ,james1 ,m>y is commemorat$ z 8our mo/ holy1 immaculate & mo/ glori\s ,lady1 ,"m ( ,god & ev] ,virg9 ,m>y407#bch7 ,9 ! ,m>onite ,ritual %e is invok$ z 8our holy1 praisewor?y & immaculate ,lady407#bci7 ,9 ! ,alex&rian liturgy ( ,/4 ,basil1 %e is address$ z 8mo/ holy1 mo/ glori\s1 immaculate407#bdj7 ,! ,fea/ ( ,m>y's ,conception comm5c$ to be celebrat$ 9 ! ,ea/ 9 ! fif?1 & 9 ! ,we/ 9 ! sev5? c5turies4 ,x 0 n introduc$ into ,rome till probably t[>ds ! end ( ! f\rte5? c5tury4 ,?\gh ,rome is always ! fir/ t is call$ on to sanction a new fe/ival1 %e is (t5 ! la/ to take "p 9 x4 ,%e is ! fir/ t is expect$ to give ! key-note1 b frequ5tly ! la/ to jo9 9 ! fe/ive song4 ,:ile %e is sil5t1 ! notes are fa9t & unc]ta92 :5 h] voice jo9s 9 ! *ant1 ! song ( praise becomes con/ant & univ]sal4 ,x is sc>cely necess>y = me to add t ! introduction ( ! fe/ival ( ! ,conception aft] ! lapse ( s _m c5turies f ! f\ndation ( ,*ri/ianity no m implies a novelty ( doctr9e ?an ! erection ( a monum5t 9 #ahge to ,arm9ius1 ! ,g]man h]o :o fl\ri%$ 9 ! fir/ c5tury1 w\ld be an evid5ce ( 8 rec5t exploits4 ,! ,fea/ ( ! ,bless$ ,tr9ity 0 n introduc$ till ! fif? c5tury1 ?\gh x commemorates a fundam5tal my/]y ( ! ,*ri/ian religion4 ,x is int]e/+ to u to "k t ! ,immaculate ,conception ( ,m>y has be5 int]wov5 9 ! e>lie/ hi/ory ( our own c\ntry4 ,! %ip t fir/ bore ,columbus to ,am]ica 0 nam$ ,m>y ( ! ,conception4 ,?is celebrat$ navigator gave ! same "n to ! second isl& :i* he discov]$4 ,! fir/ *apel erect$ 9 ,quebec1 :5 t city 0 f\nd$ 9 ! e>ly "p ( ! sev5te5? c5tury 0 d$icat$ to ,god "u ! invocation ( ,m>y ,immaculate4 ,9 view ( ^! ?ree great pr]ogatives ( ,m>y--h] div9e mat]nity1 h] p]petual virg9ity & h] ,immaculate ,conception--we are prep>$ to f9d h] bless$ness (t5 & expressly decl>$ 9 ,holy ,scripture4 ,! ,ar*angel ,gabriel is s5t to h] f heav5 to ann\nce to h] ! happy tid+s t %e 0 de/9$ to be ! "m ( ! _w's ,r$eem]4 ,no great] favor 0 ev] be=e or s9ce conf]r$ on woman1 :e!r we consid] ! dignity ( ! mess5g]1 or ! mom5t\s "* ( ! message1 or ! t]ms ( respect 9 :i* x is convey$4 8,! ,angel ,gabriel 0 s5t f ,god into a city ( ,galilee call$ ,naz>e? to a virg9 444 & ! virg9's "n 0 ,m>y4 ,& ! ,angel be+ come 9 said unto h]3 ,hail1 full ( grace1 ! ,"l is ) !e2 bless$ art ?\ among wom54 ,:o1 hav+ he>d1 0 tr\bl$ at 8 say+ & ?\ght ) h]self :at mann] ( salutation ?is %\ld be4 ,& ! ,angel said to h]3 ,fe> n1 ,m>y1 = ?\ ha/ f\nd grace ) ,god4 ,behold1 ?\ %alt conceive 9 ?y womb1 & %alt br+ =? a son1 & ?\ %alt call 8 "n ,jesus4444 ,! ,holy ,gho/ %all come ^u !e1 & ! p[] ( ! mo/ high %all ov]%ad[ !e1 & !re=e1 also1 ! ,holy :i* %all be born ( !e %all be call$ ! ,son ( ,god407#bda7 ,! ,almighty does n s5d to ,m>y1 a prophet or prie/1 or any o!r e>?ly ambassador1 nor ev5 "o ( ! l[] *oirs ( angels1 b ,he commissions an ,ar*angel to conf] ) h]4 8,hail full ( grace60 ,gabriel does n congratulate h] on h] p]sonal *>ms1 ?\gh %e is ! faire/ daught] ( ,israel4 ,he does n praise h] = h] exalt$ ance/ry1 ?\gh %e is desc5d$ f ! ,k+s ( ,juda4 ,b he comm5ds h] because %e is ! *os5 *ild ( b5$iction4 ,he admires ! hidd5 virtues ( h] s\l1 bright] ?an ! sun1 fair] ?an ! moon1 pur] ?an angels1 he sees be=e him1 8,our ta9t$ nature's solit>y boa/10 "o t alone escap$ ! ta9t ( ,adam's disob$i5ce4 ,z ! preci\s diamond reflects v>i\s colors accord+ z x is expos$ to ! sun's rays1 s did ! s\l ( ,m>y1 f ! mom5t t ! 8,sun ( ,ju/ice0 %one ^u h]1 exhibit e grace t 0 prompt$ by ! occasion4 ,/4 ,/eph5 & ! ,apo/les 7 also said to be full ( ! ,_s ( ,god4 ,by ?is1 h[ev]1 we are n to und]/& t ! same measure ( grace 0 imp>t$ to !m :i* 0 giv5 to ,m>y4 ,on ea* "o x is be/[$ accord+ to 8 m]its & ne$s4 8,"o is ! glory ( ! sun1 ano!r ! glory ( ! moon1 & ano!r ! glory ( ! />s1 = /> diff]e? f /> 9 glory207#bdb7 & z ,m>y's (fice ( ,"m ( ,god immeasurably surpass$ 9 dignity t ( ! proto-m>tyr & ( ! ,apo/les1 s did h] grace sup]ab\nd ov] !irs4 8,! ,"l is ) !e40 8,he exi/s 9 ,8 creatures 9 diff]5t ways2 9 ^? t are end[$ ) reason 9 "o way1 9 irrational creatures 9 ano!r4 ,8 irrational creatures h no means ( appreh5d+ or possess+ ,him4 ,all rational creatures may inde$ appreh5d ,him by k1 b only ! good by love4 ,only 9 ! good does ,he s exi/ z to be ) !m z well z 9 !m2 ) !m by a c]ta9 h>mony & agreem5t ( w1 & 9 ?is way ,god is ) all ,8 ,sa9ts4 ,b ,he is ) ,m>y 9 a yet m special mann]1 = 9 h] !re 0 s great an agreem5t & union ) ,god t n h] w only1 b h] v fle% 0 to be unit$ to him407#bdc7 8,bless$ art ,?\ among wom540 ,! same expression is appli$ to two o!r wom5 9 ! ,holy ,scripture--viz41 to ,jahel & ,judi?4 ,! =m] 0 call$ bless$ aft] %e _h sla9 ,sis>a17#bdd7 & ! latt] aft] %e _h sla9 ,hol(]nes17#bde7 bo? ( :om _h be5 enemies ( ,god's p4 ,9 ?is respect ^! two wom5 are true types ( ,m>y1 :o 0 *os5 by ,god to cru% ! head ( ! s]p5t1 ! inf]nal enemy ( mank9d4 ,& if !y des]v$ ! title ( bless$ = be+ ! in/rum5ts ( ,god 9 rescu+ ,israel f temporal calamities1 h[ mu* m does ,m>y m]it t appellation1 :o co-op]at$ s actively 9 ! salvation ( ! human race6 ,! ,evangeli/ proce$s3 8,& ,m>y1 ris+ up 9 ^? days1 w5t 444 into a city ( ,juda2 & %e ent]$ into ! h\se ( ,za*>y & salut$ ,elizabe?4 ,& x came to pass t :5 ,elizabe? he>d ! salutation ( ,m>y ! infant leapt 9 h] womb4 ,& ,elizabe? 0 fill$ ) ! ,holy ,gho/1 & %e cri$ out ) a l\d voice & said3 ,bless$ art ?\ among wom51 & bless$ is ! fruit ( ?y womb4 ,& :5ce is ?is to me t ! "m ( my ,"l %\ld come to me8 ,= behold1 z soon z ! voice ( ?y salutation s\nd$ 9 my e>s1 ! infant 9 my womb leap$ = joy4 ,& bless$ art ?\ t ha/ believ$1 because ^? ?+s %all be accompli%$ t 7 spok5 to !e by ! ,"l407#bdf7 ,!re is joy 9 ,m>y's he>t 9 be+ *os5 to become ! "m ( ! _w's ,r$eem]4 ,%e wi%es by h] visit to communicate t joy to h] c\s94 ,! ,sun ( ,ju/ice is %9+ )9 h]4 ,%e desires to diffuse ,8 rays ?r\gh ,elizabe?'s h\sehold4 ,%e is lad5 ) spiritual treasures4 ,%e mu/ %>e !m ) h] k9swoman1 especially z %e is none ! poor] 9 mak+ o!rs ri*]4 ,! usual ord] ( salutation is "h rev]s$4 ,age pays rev]5ce to y\?4 ,a lady :o is rev]$ by ! :ole community honors a l[ly maid54 ,an inspir$ matron expresses h] a/oni%m5t t h] "y k9swoman %\ld deign to visit h]4 ,%e extols ,m>y's fai? & calls h] bless$4 ,%e bl5ds ! praise ( ,m>y ) ! praise ( ,m>y's ,son1 & ev5 ! infant ,john te/ifies 8 rev]5tial joy by leap+ 9 8 "m's womb4 ,& we are in=m$ t dur+ ?is int]view ,elizabe? 0 fill$ ) ! ,holy ,gho/1 to rem9d u t ! v5]ation %e paid to h] c\s9 0 n prompt$ by h] own feel+s1 b 0 dictat$ by ! ,_s ( ,god4 ,!n ,m>y breaks out into t sublime canticle1 ! ,magnificat3 8,my s\l do? magnify ! ,"l1 & my _s ha? rejoic$ 9 ,god my ,savior1 because ,he ha? reg>d$ ! humility ( 8 h&maid1 = behold f h5ce=? all g5]ations %all call me bless$407#bdg7 ,on ^! words ,i %all pause to make "o reflection4 ,! ,holy ,gho/1 ?r\gh ! organ ( ,m>y's *a/e lips1 prophesies t all g5]ations %all call h] bless$1 ) evid5t approval ( ! praise %e %\ld receive4 ,:at a d>+ prophecy is ?is6 ,among ! wond]ful pr$ictions record$ 9 ,holy ,scripture1 ,i c recall none t m /rongly comm&s my admiration4 ,"h is a mode/1 retir+ maid51 liv+ 9 an obscure village 9 a remote qu>t] ( ! civiliz$ _w1 op5ly ann\nc+ t e age till ! end ( "t1 %\ld pron\nce h] hall[$4 ,we h no reason to "q ?is prophecy1 = x is record$ 9 ! inspir$ pages ( ! ,gospel4 ,& we "k also )\t ! %ad[ ( a d\bt t ! prophecy has be5 lit]ally fulfill$4 ,=1 9 e epo*1 & 9 e ,*ri/ian l& f ! ris+ to ! sett+ sun1 h] ,magnificat has daily res\nd$4 ,n[ ! ,ca?olic is ! only ,*ur* ^: *ildr51 g5]ation aft] g5]ation1 f ! fir/ to ! pres5t c5tury1 h pron\nc$ h] bless$2 ( all ,*ri/ians 9 ?is l&1 !y alone contribute to ! fulfilm5t ( ! prophecy4 ,!re=e1 x is only ,ca?olics t e>n ! approval ( ,heav5 by fulfill+ ! pr$iction ( ! ,holy ,gho/4 ,prote/ants n only conc$e t we bless ! "n ( ,m>y1 b !y ev5 reproa* u ) be+ too lavi% 9 our praises ( h]4 ,on ! o!r h&1 !y are c>eful to exclude !mselves f ! 8g5]ations0 t 7 de/9$ to call h] bless$1 =1 9 speak+ ( h]1 !y almo/ inv>iably )hold f h] ! title ( bless$1 pref]+ to call h] ! ,virg91 or ,m>y ! ,virg91 or ! ,"m ( ,jesus4 ,& :ile ,prote/ant *ur*es w res\nd ) ! praises ( ,s>ah & ,rebecca & ,ra*el1 ( ,miriam & ,ru?1 ( ,e/h] & ,judi? ( ! ,old ,te/am5t1 & ( ,elizabe? & ,anna1 ( ,magdal5 & ,m>?a ( ! ,new1 ! "n ( ,m>y ! ,"m ( ,jesus is utt]$ ) bat$ brea?1 le/ ! s\nd ( h] "n %\ld make ! prea*] liable to ! *>ge ( sup]/ition4 ,! piety ( a "m usually %$s additional lu/re on ! son1 & ! halo t encircles h] br[ is reflect$ ^u 84 ,! m ! "m is extoll$1 ! great] honor r$\nds to ! son4 ,& if ?is is true ( all m5 :o d n *oose _! mo!rs1 h[ mu* m /rictly may x be affirm$ ( ,him :o *ose ,8 own ,"m1 & made h] ,himself su* z ,he w\ld h h]1 s t all ! glories ( ,8 ,"m are ess5tially ,8 own4 ,& yet we daily see m9i/]s ( ! ,gospel ignor+ ,m>y's exalt$ virtues & unexampl$ privileges & p>ad+ h] alleg$ imp]fections2 nay1 s9fulness1 z if h] ,son 7 di%onor$ by ! piety1 & took delight 9 ! defamation ( ,8 ,"m4 ,su* defam]s might le>n a lesson f "o :o made little pr(ession ( ,*ri/ianity4 8,is ?y "n ,m>y1 maid5 fair8 ,su* %\ld1 me?9ks1 its music be4 ,! sweete/ "n t mortals be>1 ,7 be/ befitt+ !e4 ,& %e to :om x once 0 giv5 ,0 half ( e>? & half ( heav5407#bdh7 ,once m ! title ( bless$1 is giv5 to ,m>y4 ,on "o occasion a c]ta9 woman1 lift+ up h] voice1 said to ,jesus3 8,bless$ is ! womb t bore !e & ! paps t gave !e suck407#bdi7 ,x is true t our ,"l repli$3 8,yea1 r 7or yea1 likewise71 bless$ are !y :o he> ! ^w ( ,god & keep x40 ,x w\ld be an unw>rantable p]v]sion ( ! sacr$ text to inf] f ?is reply t ,jesus int5d$ to detract f ! praise be/[$ on ,8 ,"m4 ,8 words may be ?us correctly p>aphras$3 ,%e is bless$ inde$ 9 be+ ! *os5 in/rum5t ( ,my inc>nation1 b m bless$ 9 keep+ ,my ^w4 ,let o!rs be com=t$ 9 kn[+ t ?\gh !y _c %>e ) ,my ,"m 9 ! privilege ( h] mat]nity1 !y c p>ticipate ) h] 9 ! bless$ rew>d ( !m :o he> ,my ^w & keep x4 ,9 ! prec$+ passages we h se5 ,m>y decl>$ bless$ on f\r diff]5t occasions1 & h5ce1 9 proclaim+ h] bless$ness1 f> f pay+ h] unm]it$ honor1 we are b re-e*o+ ! ,gospel v]dict ( sa9t & angel & ( ! ,_s ( ,god ,himself4 ,wordswor?1 ?\gh n nurtur$ )9 ! bosom ( ! ,ca?olic ,*ur*1 conceives a true appreciation ( ,m>y's incomp>able hol9ess 9 ! foll[+ beautiful l9es3 8,"m6 ^: virg9 bosom 0 uncross$ ,) ! lea/ %ade ( ?\ght to s9 alli$2 ,woman6 above all wom5 glorifi$1 ,our ta9t$ nature's solit>y boa/2 ,pur] ?an foam on c5tral ocean to/1 ,bright] ?an ea/]n skies at daybreak /rewn ,) fanci$ roses1 ?an ! unblemi%$ moon ,be=e h] wane beg9s on heav5's blue coa/1 ,?y image falls to e>?4 ,yet "s1 ,i we51 ,n un=giv51 ! suppliant knee might b5d ,z to a visible p[]1 9 :i* did bl5d ,all t 0 mix$ & reconcil$ 9 !e ,( "m's love ) maid5 purity1 ,( high ) l[1 cele/ial ) s]5e40 ,to honor "o :o has be5 ! subject ( div9e1 angelic & sa9tly panegyric is to use a privilege1 & ! privilege is height5$ into a sacr$ duty :5 we rememb] t ! _s ( prophecy =etold t %e %\ld ev] be ! unceas+ !me ( ,*ri/ian eulogy z long z ,*ri/ianity itself w\ld exi/4 8,honor he is wor?y (1 :om ! k+ ha? a m9d to honor407#bej7 ,! ,k+ ( k+s ha? honor$ ,m>y2 ,8 div9e ,son did n disda9 to be subject to h]1 !re=e %\ld we honor h]1 especially z ! honor we pay to h] r$\nds to ,god1 ! s\rce ( all glory4 ,! ,royal ,prophet1 ?an :om no man paid high] praise to ,god1 e/eem$ ! fri5ds ( ,god wor?y ( all honor3 8,to me ,?y fri5ds1 ,o ,god1 are made exce$+ly honorable407#bea7 ,n[ ! de>e/ fri5ds ( ,god are !y :o mo/ fai?fully keep ,8 precepts3 8,y are ,my fri5ds1 if y d ! ?+s t ,i comm& y407#beb7 ,:o fulfill$ ! div9e precepts bett] ?an ,m>y1 :o kept all ! words ( h] ,son1 pond]+ !m 9 h] he>t8 8,if any man m9i/] to me10 says our ,savior1 8him w ,my ,fa!r honor407#bec7 ,:o m9i/]$ m con/antly to ,jesus ?an ,m>y1 :o dis*>g$ t[>ds ,him all ! (fices ( a t5d] "m8 ,h]oes & /atesm5 may receive ! highe/ milit>y & civic honors :i* a nation c be/[ )\t be+ suspect$ ( invad+ ! doma9 ( ! glory :i* is due to ,god4 ,n[ is n h]oic sanctity m wor?y ( admiration ?an civil s]vice & milit>y exploits1 inasmu* z religion ranks high] ?an patriotism & valor8 ,& yet ! admir]s ( ,m>y's exalt$ virtues c sc>cely celebrate h] praises )\t be+ accus$ 9 c]ta9 qu>t]s ( ,m>iolatry4 ,:5 a nation wi%es to celebrate ! memory ( its di/+ui%$ m5 its admiration is n conf9$ to words1 b v5ts itself 9 a ?\s& diff]5t %apes4 ,see 9 h[ _m ways we honor ! memory ( ,wa%+ton4 ,monum5ts on :i* 8 good de$s are record$ are erect$ to 8 "n4 ,! gr\nds 9 :i* 8 rema9s repose on ! banks ( ! ,potomac are kept 9 ord] by a volunte] b& ( devot$ ladies1 :o adorn ! place ) fl[]s4 ,& ?is *]i%$ spot is annually visit$ by ?\s&s ( pilgrims f ! mo/ remote sections ( ! c\ntry4 ,^! visitors w eag]ly snat* a fl[] or a leaf f a %rub gr[+ ne> ,wa%+ton's tomb1 or w /rive ev5 to clip (f a little %r$ f "o ( 8 g>m5ts1 /ill pres]v$ 9 ! old mansion1 to be> home ) !m z preci\s relics4 ,i h always obs]v$ :5 travel+ on ! missions up & d[n ! ,potomac1 t :5ev] ! /eam] came to ! po9t opposite ,m\nt ,v]non ! bell 0 toll$1 & e eye 0 direct$ t[>d ,wa%+ton's grave4 ,! #bbnd ( ,febru>y1 ,wa%+ton's bir?day1 is kept z a national holiday1 at lea/ 9 c]ta9 portions ( ! c\ntry4 ,i well rememb] t =m]ly milit>y & fire companies p>ad$ ! /reets1 & t patriotic spee*es rec\nt+ ! h]oic de$s ( ! fir/ ,presid5t 7 deliv]$1 ! fe/ivities ( ! day clos+ ) a social banquet4 ,z ! citiz5s ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates manife/ 9 div]s ways _! admiration = ,wa%+ton1 s d ! citiz5s ( ! republic ( ! ,*ur* love to exhibit 9 correspond+ =ms _! v5]ation = ! ,"m ( ,jesus4 ,monum5ts & /atues are erect$ to h]4 ,?rice ea* day--at morn1 noon & ev5--! ,angelus bells are rung1 to recall to our m9d ! ,inc>nation ( our ,"l1 & ! p>ticipation ( ,m>y 9 ?is great my/]y ( love4 ,h] %r9es are ta/efully adorn$ by pi\s h&s & visit$ by devot$ *ildr51 :o we> h] relics or any object :i* be>s h] image1 or :i* is associat$ ) h] "n4 ,h] natal day & o!r days ( ! ye>1 sacr$ to h] memory1 are appropriately commemorat$ by processions1 by p>ticipation 9 ! banquet ( ! ,eu*>i/1 & by s]mons enl>g+ on h] virtues & pr]ogatives4 ,z no "o 0 ev] suspect$ ( lov+ 8 c\ntry & h] in/itutions less because ( 8 rev]+ ,wa%+ton1 s no "o c reasonably suppose t our homage to ,god is dim9i%$ by our fo/]+ rev]5ce = ,m>y4 ,z our object 9 eulogiz+ ,wa%+ton is n s mu* to honor ! man z to v9dicate ^? pr9ciples ( :i* he 0 ! *ampion & expon5t1 & to express our gratitude to ,god = ! bless+s be/[$ on our c\ntry ?r\gh him1 ev5 s our motive 9 commemorat+ ,m>y's "n is n m]ely to praise h]1 b /ill m to keep u 9 p]petual remembrance ( our ,"l's ,inc>nation1 & to %[ our ?ankfulness to ,him = ! bless+s wr\ght ?r\gh t great my/]y 9 :i* %e 0 s prom95t a figure4 ,!re is n a gra9 ( inc5se (f]$ to ,m>y :i* does n asc5d to ! ?rone ( ,god ,himself4 ,exp]i5ce suffici5tly demon/rates t ! bett] we und]/& ! "p :i* ,m>y has tak5 9 ! "w ( r$emption1 ! m enlight5$ becomes our k ( our ,r$eem] ,himself1 & t ! great] our love = h]1 ! deep] & broad] is our devotion to ,him2 :ile exp]i5ce also te/ifies t our ,savior's attributes become m confus$ & w>p$ 9 ! m9ds ( a p 9 proportion z !y ignore ,m>y's relations to ,him4 ,! def5d] ( a beleagu]$ citadel conc5trates 8 =ces on ! out] =tifications & t[]s1 kn[+ well t ! capture ( ^! outworks w\ld endang] ! citadel itself1 & t _! safety involves its security4 ,jesus ,*ri/ is ! citadel ( our fai?1 ! /ronghold ( our s\l's affections4 ,m>y is call$ ! 8,t[] ( ,david10 & ! gate ( ,sion :i* ! ,"l love? m ?an all ! tab]nacles ( ,jacob17#bed7 & :i* ,he ent]$ at ,8 ,inc>nation4 ,s intimately is ?is liv+ gate ( ,sion connect$ ) ,jesus1 ! ,temple ( our fai?1 t no "o has ev] assail$ ! =m] )\t invad+ ! latt]4 ,! ,ne/orian w\ld h ,m>y to be only an ord9>y "m because he w\ld h ,*ri/ to be a m]e man4 ,h5ce1 if we ru% to ! def5ce ( ! gate ( ,sion1 x is because we are m zeal\s = ! city ( ,god4 ,if we /& z s5t9els ar\nd ! t[] ( ,david1 x is because we are m e>ne/ 9 protect+ ,j]usalem f invasion4 ,if we =bid pr(ane h&s to t\* ! ark ( ! cov5ant1 x is because we are anxi\s to gu>d f pr(anation ! ,"l ( ! ark4 ,if we are s solicit\s ab\t ,m>y's honor1 x is because 8! love ( ,*ri/0 presse? u4 ,if we w n p]mit a s+le wrea? to be snat*$ f h] fair br[1 x is because we are unwill+ t a s+le feature ( ,*ri/'s sacr$ humanity %\ld be obscur$1 & because we wi% t ,he %\ld ev] %9e =? 9 all ! spl5dor ( ,8 glory1 & clo!d 9 all ! panoply ( ,8 p]fections4 ,b y w ask3 ,:y d y s (t5 bl5d toge!r ! wor%ip ( ,god & ! v5]ation ( ! ,bless$ ,virg98 ,:y su* exclamations z ,bless$ be ,jesus & ,m>y8 ,:y d y s (t5 repeat 9 succession ! ,"l's pray] & ! ,angelical salutation8 ,is n ?is practice calculat$ to level all di/9ctions betwe5 ! ,creator & ,8 creature1 & to excite ! displeasure ( a ,god ev] jeal\s ( ,8 glory8 ,^? :o make ?is objection %\ld rememb] t ! praises ( ! ,"l & ( ,8 ,sa9ts are frequ5tly comb9$ 9 ,holy ,scripture itself4 ,witness ,judi?4 ,on return+ f ! t5t ( ,hol(]nes1 %e sang3 8,praise ye ! ,"l1 our ,god1 :o ha? n =sak5 !m t hope 9 ,him1 & by me ,8 h&maid1 ,he ha? fulfill$ ,8 m]cy :i* ,he promis$ to ! h\se ( ,israel4444 ,& ,ozias1 ! pr9ce ( ! p ( ,israel1 said to h]3 ,bless$ art ?\1 ,o daught]1 by ! ,"l ! ,mo/ ,high ,god1 above all wom5 ^u ! e>?1 ,bless$ be ! ,"l :o made heav5 & e>? 444 because ,he ha? s magnifi$ ?y "n ?is day1 t ?y praise %all n dep>t out ( ! m\? ( m5407#bee7 ,witness ,ecclesia/icus4 ,aft] glorify+ ,god = ,8 mighty works1 he imm$iately s\nds ! praises ( ,eno* & ,noe1 ( ,abraham1 ,isaac & ,jacob1 ( ,moses & ,a>on1 ( ,samuel & ,na?an1 ( ,david & ,josias1 ( ,isaiah & ,j]emiah1 & o!r k+s & prophets ( ,israel47#bef7 ,elizabe?1 9 ! same brea?1 exclaims3 8,bless$ art ?\ among wom51 & bless$ is ! fruit ( ?y womb407#beg7 ,& ,m>y h]self1 "u ! inspiration ( ,heav51 cries out3 8,my s\l do? magnify ! ,"l1 & my _s ha? rejoic$ 9 ,god my ,savior4444 ,=1 behold f h5ce=? all g5]ations %all call me bless$407#beh7 ,"h are ! names ( ,creator & creature int]wov5 l ?reads ( gold & silv] 9 ! same wo(1 )\t provok+ ! jeal\sy ( ,god4 ,god jeal\s ( ! honor paid to ,m>y6 ,w a fa!r be jeal\s ( ! honor paid to 8 *ild1 especially ( a *ild :o reflects 8 own image & lik5ess1 & exhibits ^? virtues :i* he _h inculcat$ on h] t5d] m9d8 ,& is n ,m>y ,god's *ild ( pr$ilection8 ,w an ar*itect be envi\s ( ! praise be/[$ on a magnific5t temple :i* 8 g5ius plann$ & re>$8 ,is n ! liv+ temple ( ,m>y's he>t ! "w ( ! ,supreme ,ar*itect8 ,mu/ %e n say ) all ( ,god's creatures3 8,?y h&s 7,o ,"l7 h made me & =m$ me40 ,is x n ,he :o has adorn$ t liv+ temple ) ^? r>e beauties :i* we s mu* admire8 ,has %e n decl>$ s :5 %e exclaim$3 8,he t is mighty ha? done great ?+s to me1 & holy is ,8 "n607#bei7 ,god jeal\s ( ! honor paid to ,m>y6 ,z well might we imag9e t ! sun1 if end[$ ) intellig5ce1 w\ld be jeal\s ( ! mell[1 gold5 cl\d :i* encircles him1 :i* reflects 8 brightness & pres5ts 9 bold] light 8 inaccessible spl5dor4 ,z well imag9e t ! same lum9>y w\ld be jeal\s ( our admiration = ! beautiful rose1 ^: op5+ petals & ri* color & delici\s fragrance are ! fruit ( 8 b5efic5t rays4 ,h5ce 9 unit+ ,m>y's praise ) t ( ,jesus we are /rictly imitat+ ! sacr$ ,text4 ,we are imitat+ ,joa*im1 ! ,high ,prie/1 & ! p ( ,god 9 ,be?ulia1 :o unite ! praises ( ,judi? ) ! praises ( ,jehovah4 ,we are imitat+ ! sacr$ writ] ( ,ecclesia/icus :o1 aft] extoll+ ,god = ,8 mighty works1 s\nds ! praises ( ,eno* & ,noe1 ( ,abraham1 ,isaac & ,jacob1 ( ,david & ,josiah1 ( ,isaiah & ,j]emiah1 & o!r ,k+s & ,prophets ( ,israel4 ,we are imitat+ ,elizabe?1 :o exclaim$ 9 "o brea?3 8,bless$ art ?\ 7,m>y7 among wom5 & bless$ is 7,jesus7 ! fruit ( ?y womb40 ,& z no "o ev] suspect$ t ! encomiums pron\nc$ on ,judi? & ! virtu\s ,k+s & ,prophets ( ,israel detract$ f ,god's honor1 s nei!r d we less5 ,8 glory 9 exalt+ ! ,bless$ ,virg94 ,i f9d ,jesus & ,m>y toge!r at ! mang]1 toge!r 9 ,egypt1 toge!r 9 ,naz>e?1 toge!r 9 ! temple1 toge!r at ! cross4 ,i f9d _! names side by side 9 ! ,apo/les' & ! ,nic5e ,cre$4 ,x is fitt+ t bo? %\ld f9d a place 9 my he>t1 & t bo? names %\ld (t5 fl[ successively f my lips4 ,insep>able 9 life & 9 dea?1 !y %\ld n be divorc$ 9 my pray]4 8,:at ,god ha? jo9$ toge!r1 let n man put asund]40 ,,ii4 ,is ,x ,lawful ,to ,invoke ,h]8 ,! ,*ur* exhorts h] *ildr5 n only to honor ! ,bless$ ,virg91 b also to invoke h] int]cession4 ,x is evid5t f ,scripture t ! ,angels & ,sa9ts 9 heav5 c he> our pray]s & t !y h ! p[] & ! w to help u47#bfj7 ,n[1 if ! angels are conv]sant ) :at happ5s on e>?2 if ! ,prophets1 ev5 :ile clo!d 9 ! fle%1 _h a cle> vision ( ?+s :i* 7 transpir+ at a great di/ance f !m2 if !y c\ld p5etrate into ! future & =tell ev5ts :i* 7 !n hidd5 9 ! womb ( "t1 %all we believe t ,god )holds a k ( our pray]s f ,m>y1 :o is ju/ly /yl$ ! ,que5 ( ,angels & ,sa9ts8 ,=1 z ,m>y's sanctity surpasses t ( all o!r mortals1 h] k mu/ be proportionately great] ?an !irs1 s9ce k con/itutes "o ( ! s\rces ( cele/ial bliss4 ,if ,/eph51 :ile 8 s\l 0 /ill 9 ! prison ( ! body1 8saw ! glory ( ,god1 & ,jesus /&+ on ! "r h& ( ,god207#bfa7 if ,paul 8he>d secret words07#bfb7 spok5 9 p>adise1 is x surpris+ t ,m>y he>s & sees u1 n[ t %e is elevat$ to heav5 & /&s 8face to face0 be=e ,god1 ! p]fect ,mirror ( all k8 ,x is z easy = ,god to enable ,8 ,sa9ts to see ?+s t]re/rial f heav5 z ?+s cele/ial f e>?4 ,! influ5ce ( ,m>y's int]cession exce$s t ( ! angels1 patri>*s & prophets 9 ! same degree t h] sanctity surpasses !irs4 ,if our heav5ly ,fa!r li/5s s propiti\sly to ! voice ( ,8 s]vants1 :at w ,he refuse to h] :o is ,8 *os5 daught] ( pr$ilection1 *os5 among ?\s&s to be ! ,"m ( ,8 belov$ ,son8 ,if we ourselves1 ?\gh s9n]s1 c help "o ano!r by our pray]s1 h[ irresi/ible mu/ be ! int]cession ( ,m>y1 :o nev] griev$ ,almighty ,god by s91 :o nev] t>ni%$ h] :ite robe ( innoc5ce by ! lea/ defilem5t1 f ! fir/ mom5t ( h] exi/5ce till %e 0 receiv$ by triumphant angels into heav54 ,9 speak+ ( ! patronage ( ! ,bless$ ,virg91 we mu/ nev] lose sight ( h] title ( ,"m ( our ,r$eem] nor ( ! great privileges :i* t pr]ogative implies4 ,m>y 0 ! ,"m ( ,jesus4 ,%e ex]cis$ t[>d ,him all ! influ5ce t a prud5t "m has ov] an affectionate *ild4 8,jesus10 says ! ,gospel1 80 subject to !m07#bfc7--t is1 to ,m>y & ,joseph4 ,we f9d ?is ob$i5ce ( our ,"l t[>d ,8 ,"m =cibly exemplifi$ at ! m>riage fea/ ( ,cana4 ,h] wi%es are delicately express$ 9 ^! words3 8,!y h no w9e40 ,he in/antly obeys h] by *ang+ wat] into w9e1 ?\gh ! "t = ex]cis+ ,8 public m9i/ry & = work+ wond]s _h n yet arriv$4 ,n[1 ,m>y has nev] =feit$ 9 heav5 ! title ( ,"m ( ,jesus4 ,%e is /ill ,8 ,"m1 & :ile ador+ ,him z h] ,god %e /ill reta9s h] mat]nal relations1 & ,he ex]cises t[>d h] t lov+ will+ness to grant h] reque/ :i* ! be/ ( sons ent]ta9s = ! be/ ( mo!rs4 ,nev] does ,jesus appe> to u s amiable & ende>+ z :5 we see ,him ne/l$ 9 ! arms ( ,8 ,"m4 ,we love to contemplate ,him1 & arti/s love to repres5t ,him1 9 t situation4 ,x appe>s to me t _h we liv$ 9 ,j]usalem 9 ,8 day & recogniz$1 l ,simeon1 ! ,"l ( maje/y 9 ! =m ( an ,infant1 & _h we a favor to ask ,him1 we w\ld pres5t x ?r\gh ,m>y's h&s :ile ! ,div9e eyes ( ! ,babe 7 gaz+ on h] sweet c\nt5ance4 ,& ev5 s n[4 ,nev] w our pray]s f9d a readi] acceptance ?an :5 (f]$ ?r\gh h]4 ,9 invok+ ,our ,lady's patronage we are actuat$ by a triple s5se ( ! maje/y ( ,god1 our own unwor?9ess & ( ,m>y's incomp>able influ5ce ) h] ,heav5ly ,fa!r4 ,consci\s ( our natural l[l9ess & s9s1 we h frequ5t rec\rse to h] int]cession 9 ! assur$ hope ( be+ m favorably he>d4 8,& ev5 z *ildr5 :o h mu* (f5d$ ,a too indulg5t fa!r1 9 great %ame1 ,p5it5t1 & yet n d>+ unatt5d$ ,to g into 8 pres5ce1 at ! gate ,speak to _! si/] & confid+ wait ,till %e goes 9 be=e & int]c$es2 ,s m51 rep5t+ ( _! evil de$s1 ,& yet n v5tur+ ra%ly to draw ne> ,) _! reque/s1 an angry ,fa!r's e>1 ,(f] to h] _! pray]s & _! confession1 ,& %e 9 heav5 = !m makes int]cession407#bfd7 ,d y ask me1 is ,m>y will+ to assi/ y8 ,does %e really take an int]e/ 9 y\r welf>e8 ,or is %e s mu* absorb$ by ! fruition ( ,god z to be indiff]5t to our mis]ies8 8,c a woman =get h] infant s z n to h pity on ! fruit ( h] womb807#bfe7 ,ev5 s ,m>y w n =get u4 ,! love %e be>s u1 h] *ildr5 by adoption1 c be e/imat$ only by h] love = h] ,son by nature4 ,x 0 ,m>y t nurs$ ! ,infant ,savior4 ,x 0 h] h&s t clo!d ,him4 ,x 0 h] brea/ t %elt]$ ,him f ! rude /orm & f ! p]secution ( ,h]od4 ,%e x 0 t wip$ ! /a9s f ,8 br[ :5 tak5 d[n f ! cross4 ,n[ we are ! bro!rs ( ,jesus4 ,he is n a%am$1 says ! ,apo/le1 to call u ,8 bre?r547#bff7 ,nei!r is ,m>y a%am$ to call u h] *ildr5 by adoption4 ,at ! foot ( ! cross %e adopt$ u 9 ! p]son ( ,/4 ,john4 ,%e is anxi\s to m9i/] to our s\ls z %e m9i/]$ to ! corporal wants ( h] ,son4 ,%e w\ld be ! in/rum5t ( ,god 9 fe$+ u ) ,div9e grace1 9 clo?+ u ) ! g>m5ts ( innoc5ce1 9 %elt]+ u f ! /orms ( temptations1 9 wip+ away ! /a9s ( s9 f our s\l4 ,if ! angels1 ?\gh ( a diff]5t nature f ours1 h s mu* sympa?y = u z to rejoice 9 our conv]sion17#bfg7 h[ great mu/ be ! int]e/ manife/$ t[>d u by ,m>y1 :o is ( a common nature ) u1 desc5d$ f ! same primitive p>5ts1 be+ bone ( our bone1 & fle% ( our fle%1 & :o once trod ! ?orny pa? ( life t we n[ tread6 ,?\gh n ( ! h\sehold ( ! fai?1 ,edg> ,a4 ,poe did n disda9 to invoke ,our ,lady's int]cession1 & to ackn[l$ge ! influ5ce ( h] patronage 9 heav54 8,at morn--at noon--at twilight dim-- ,m>ia6 ?\ ha/ he>d my hymn2 ,9 joy & woe--9 good & ill-- ,"m ( ,god1 be ) me /ill6 ,:5 ! h\rs flew brightly by1 ,& n a cl\d obscur$ ! sky1 ,my s\l1 le/ x %\ld truant be1 ,?y grace did guide to ?9e & !e2 ,n[1 :5 /orms ( fate o'erca/ ,d>kly my pres5t & my pa/1 ,let my future radiant %9e1 ,) sweet hopes ( !e & ?9e40 ,"s p]sons n only object to ! invocation ( ,m>y z be+ unpr(itable1 b !y ev5 affect to be sc&aliz$ at ! confid5ce we repose 9 h] int]cession1 on ! gr\ndless assumption t by pray+ to h] we ignore & di%onor ,god1 & t we put ! creature on a level ) ! ,creator4 ,e ,ca?olic *ild kn[s f ! cate*ism t to give to any creature ! supreme honor due to ,god alone is idolatry4 ,h[ c we be said to di%onor ,god1 or br+ ,him d[n to a level ) ,8 creature by invok+ ,m>y1 s9ce we ackn[l$ge h] to be a pure creature indebt$ l ourselves to ,him = e gift & influ5ce t %e possesses8 ,?is is impli$ 9 ! v =m ( our petitions4 ,:5 we address our pray]s to h] we say3 ,pray = u s9n]s1 imply+ by ^! words t %e h]self is a petition] at ! ?rone ( ,div9e m]cy4 ,to ,god we say3 ,give u our daily bread1 !reby ackn[l$g+ ,him to be ! s\rce ( all b\nty4 ,?is pr9ciple be+ kept 9 view1 h[ c we be ju/ly accus$ ( slight+ ,god's maje/y by invok+ ! int]cession ( ,8 h&maid8 ,if a begg> asks & receives alms f me ?r\gh my s]vant1 %\ld ,i be (f5d$ at ! bless+s :i* he invokes ^u h]8 ,f> f x4 ,i accept !m z int5d$ = myself1 because %e be/[$ :at 0 m9e1 & ) my cons5t4 ,our ,"l says to ,8 ,apo/les3 8,i dispose to y a k+dom1 t y may eat & dr9k at ,my table 9 ,my k+dom & may sit ^u ?rones1 judg+ ! twelve tribes ( ,israel407#bfh7 ,& ,/4 ,paul says3 8,"k y n t we %all judge angels1 h[ mu* m ?+s ( ?is _w807#bfi7 ,if ! ,apo/les may sit at ! table ( ! ,"l 9 heav5 )\t prejudice to ,8 maje/y1 surely ,our ,lady c /& z an advocate be=e ,him )\t infr++ on ,8 rights4 ,if !y c ex]cise ! dread pr]ogative ( judges ( angels & ( m5 )\t trespass+ on ! ,div9e judge%ip ( ,jesus1 surely ,m>y c fulfill ! m mode/ function ( int]cessor ) h] ,son )\t intrud+ on ,8 supreme m$iator%ip1 = high] is ! (fice ( judge ?an t ( advocate4 ,& yet1 :ile no "o is ev] />tl$ at ! p[] giv5 to ! ,apo/les1 _m are impati5t ( ! less] privilege claim$ = ,m>y4 ,,iii4 ,is ,x ,lawful ,to ,imitate ,h] ,z ,a ,model8 ,b :ile ! exalt$ privileges ( ,m>y r5d] h] wor?y ( our v5]ation1 :ile h] sa9tly influ5ce r5d]s h] wor?y ( our invocation1 h] p]sonal life is con/antly held up to u z a patt]n wor?y ( our imitation4 ,if %e occupies s prom95t a place 9 our pulpits1 ?is prom95ce is less due to h] pr]ogatives z a "m1 or to h] int]cession z a patroness1 ?an to h] example z a ,sa9t4 ,aft] our ,"l ,jesus ,*ri/1 no "o has ev] ex]cis$ s salut>y & s dom9ant an influ5ce z ! ,bless$ ,virg9 on society1 on ! family & on ! individual4 ,! ,"m ( ,jesus ex]cises ?r\gh\t ! ,*ri/ian commonweal? t hall[+ influ5ce :i* a good "m wields ov] ! ,*ri/ian family4 ,:at temple or *apel1 h[ rude soev] x may be1 is n adorn$ ) a pa9t+ or a /atue ( ! ,madonna8 ,:at h\se is n embelli%$ ) an image ( ,m>y8 ,:at ,ca?olic *ild is a /rang] to h] famili> face8 ,! prie/ & ! layman1 ! s*ol> & ! illit]ate1 ! pr9ce & ! peasant1 ! "m & ! maid1 ackn[l$ge h] b5ign sway4 ,& if ,*ri/ianity is s fruitful 9 comp>ison ) ,paganism1 9 conjugal fidelity1 9 female purity & 9 ! respect paid to womanhood1 ^! bless+s are 9 no small measure due to ! =ce ( ,m>y's all-p]vad+ influ5ce & example4 ,ev] s9ce ! ,son ( ,god *ose a woman to be ,8 "m man looks up to woman ) a homage ak9 to v5]ation4 ,! poet ,longfell[ pays ! foll[+ tribute to ,m>y's sanctify+ influ5ce3 8,?is is inde$ ! bless$ ,m>y's l&1 ,virg9 & "m ( our de> ,r$eem]6 ,all he>ts are t\*$ & s(t5$ at h] "n ,alike ! b&it ) ! bloody h&1 ,! prie/1 ! pr9ce1 ! s*ol> & ! peasant ,! man ( de$s1 ! vision>y dream] ,pay homage to h] z "o ev] pres5t6 ,& if our fai? _h giv5 u no?+ m ,?an ?is example ( all womanhood1 ,s mild1 s m]ciful1 s /rong1 s good1 ,s pati5t1 peaceful1 loyal1 lov+1 pure1 ,?is 7 en\gh to prove x high] & tru] ,?an all ! cre$s ! _w _h kn[n be=e407#bgj7 ,/4 ,ambrose gives u ! foll[+ beautiful picture ( ,m>y's life be=e h] esp\sals3 8,let ! life10 he says1 8( ! ,bless$ ,m>y be ev] pres5t to y 9 :i*1 z 9 a mirror1 ! beauty ( *a/ity & ! =m ( virtue %9e =?4 ,%e 0 a virg9 n only 9 body1 b 9 m9d1 :o nev] sulli$ ! pure affection ( h] he>t by unwor?y feel+s4 ,%e 0 humble ( he>t1 s]i\s 9 h] conv]sation1 fond] ( read+ ?an ( speak+4 ,%e plac$ h] confid5ce r 9 ! pray] ( ! poor ?an 9 ! unc]ta9 ri*es ( ?is _w4 ,%e 0 ev] int5t on h] occupation1 444 & accu/om$ to make ,god r ?an man ! witness ( h] ?\ghts4 ,%e injur$ no "o1 wi%$ well to all1 rev]5c$ age1 yield$ n to envy1 avoid$ all boa/+1 foll[$ ! dictates ( reason & lov$ virtue4 ,:5 did %e sadd5 h] p>5ts ev5 by a look8444 ,!re 0 no?+ =w>d 9 h] looks1 bold 9 h] words or unbecom+ 9 h] actions4 ,h] c>riage 0 n abrupt1 h] gait n indol5t1 h] voice n petulant1 s t h] v appe>ance 0 ! picture ( h] m9d & ! figure ( piety40 ,h] life z a sp\se & z a "m 0 a c\nt]p>t ( h] e>li] ye>s4 ,! ,gospel relates "o little circum/ance :i* amply suffices to demon/rate ,m>y's sup]-em95t hol9ess ( life1 & to exhibit h] z a beautiful patt]n to ^? :o are call$ to rule a h\sehold4 ,! ,evangeli/ tells u t ,jesus 80 subject to !m07#bga7--t is1 to ,m>y & ,joseph4 ,he obey$ all h] comm&s1 fulfill$ h] behe/s1 compli$ ) h] smalle/ injunctions2 9 a ^w1 ,he dis*>g$ t[>d h] all ! filial obs]vances :i* a dutiful son ex]cises t[>d a prud5t "m4 ,^! relations cont9u$ f ,8 *ildhood to ,8 public life1 nor did !y cease ev5 !n4 ,n[ ,jesus be+ ! ,son ( ,god1 8! brightness ( ,8 glory & ! figure ( ,8 sub/ance107#bgb7 c\ld n s94 ,he 0 incapable ( fulfill+ an unrighte\s precept4 ,! obvi\s conclusion to be drawn f ^! facts is1 t ,m>y nev] s9n$ by comm&+1 z ,jesus c\ld n s9 by obey+2 t all h] precepts & c\nsels 7 /amp$ ) ! seal ( ,div9e approbation1 & t ! ,son nev] fulfill$ any injunction ( ,8 e>?ly ,"m :i* 0 n ratifi$ by ,8 ,et]nal ,fa!r 9 heav54 ,su* is ! beautiful portrait :i* ! ,*ur* holds up to ! contemplation ( h] *ildr51 t /udy+ x !y may admire ! orig9al1 admir+ !y may love1 lov+ !y may imitate1 & ?us become m de> to ,god by be+ made 8con=mable to ! image ( ,8 ,son107#bgc7 ( :om ,m>y is ! mo/ p]fect mirror4 ,*apt] ,,xv4 ,,sacr$ ,,images4 ,! v5]ation ( ! images ( ,*ri/ & ,8 ,sa9ts is a *]i%$ devotion 9 ! ,ca?olic ,*ur*1 & ?is practice w be v9dicat$ 9 ! foll[+ l9es4 ,x is true1 inde$1 t ! mak+ ( holy images 0 n s g5]al among ! ,jews z x is among u1 because ! ,hebrews !mselves 7 prone to idolatry1 & because !y 7 surr\nd$ by idolatr\s p1 :o might miscon/rue ! purpose = :i* ! images 7 int5d$4 ,= ! same prud5tial reasons ! primitive ,*ri/ians 7 v cauti\s 9 mak+ images1 & v circumspect 9 expos+ !m to ! gaze ( ! hea!n among :om !y liv$1 le/ ,*ri/ian images %\ld be conf\nd$ ) ,pagan idols4 ,! catacombs ( ,rome1 to :i* ! fai?ful alone 7 admitt$1 ab\nd$1 h[ev]1 9 sacr$ emblems & pi\s repres5tations1 :i* are pres]v$ ev5 to ?is day & atte/ ! practice ( ! e>ly ,*ri/ian ,*ur*4 ,we see !re pa9t$ on ! walls or on vases ( glass ! ,dove1 ! emblem ( ! ,holy ,gho/1 ,*ri/ c>ry+ ,8 cross1 or be>+ on ,8 %\ld]s ! lo/ %eep4 ,we meet also ! ,lamb1 an an*or & a %ip--appropriate types ( our ,"l1 ( hope & ( ! ,*ur*4 ,! fir/ crusade aga9/ images 0 wag$ 9 ! eigh? c5tury by ,leo ! ,isaurian1 ,emp]or ( ,con/ant9ople4 ,he comm&$ ! pa9t+s ( our ,"l & ,8 ,sa9ts to be torn d[n f ! *ur* walls & burn$4 ,he ev5 invad$ ! sanctu>y ( home1 & snat*$ !nce ! sacr$ emblems :i* adorn$ private resid5ces4 ,he caus$ /atues ( bronze1 silv] & gold to be melt$ d[n & conv5i5tly conv]t$ !m into co9s1 ^u :i* 8 own image 0 /amp$4 ,l ,h5ry ,,viii4 & ,cromwell1 ?is royal ,iconocla/ affect$ to be mov$ by a zeal = purity ( wor%ip1 :ile av>ice 0 ! real motive ( 8 action4 ,! ,emp]or comm&$ ! le>n$ libr>ians ( 8 imp]ial libr>y to give public approbation to 8 decrees aga9/ images1 & :5 ^? consci5ti\s m5 refus$ to endorse 8 c\rse !y 7 all conf9$ 9 ! imp]ial libr>y1 ! build+ 0 set on fire & ?irty ?\s& volumes1 ! spl5did basilica :i* conta9$ !m1 innum]able pa9t+s & ! libr>ians !mselves 7 involv$ 9 "o common de/ruction4 ,con/ant9e ,copronymus prosecut$ ! v&alism ( ,leo1 8 pr$ecessor4 ,/eph51 an intrepid monk1 pres5t$ to ! ,emp]or a co9 be>+ t tyrant's effigy1 ) ^! words3 8,sire1 ^: image is ?is80 8,x is m9e10 repli$ ! ,emp]or4 ,! monk !n ?rew d[n ! piece ( money & trampl$ x4 ,he 0 in/antly seiz$ by ! imp]ial att5dants & soon aft] put to a pa9ful dea?4 8,alas60 cri$ ! holy man to ! ,emp]or1 8if ,i am puni%$ = di%onor+ ! image ( a mortal mon>*1 :at puni%m5t d !y des]ve :o burn ! image ( ,jesus ,*ri/80 ,! demolition ( images 0 reviv$ by ! ,re=m]s ( ! sixte5? c5tury4 ,pa9t+s & /atues 7 ru?lessly de/roy$1 *iefly 9 ! ,briti% ,isles1 ,g]many & ,holl&1 "u ! pretext t ! mak+ ( !m 0 idolatr\s4 ,b z ! ,iconocla/s ( ! eigh? c5tury _h no scruple ab\t appropriat+ to _! own use ! gold & silv] ( ! /atues :i* !y melt$1 nei!r _h ! ,iconocla/s ( ! sixte5? c5tury any hesitation 9 confiscat+ & wor%ip+ 9 ! idolatr\s *ur*es ^: /atues & pa9t+s !y broke & disfigur$4 ,a /rang] :o visits "s ( ! desecrat$ ,ca?olic *ur*es ( ,great ,brita9 & ! ,cont95t :i* are n[ us$ z ,prote/ant temples _c fail to notice ! mutilat$ /atues ( ! ,sa9ts /ill /&+ 9 _! ni*es4 ,?is b>b>ic w>f>e aga9/ religi\s memorials 0 n only a griev\s sacrilege1 b an outrage aga9/ ! f9e arts2 & _h ! de/roy+ angels ext5d$ _! ravages ov] ,europe ! immortal works ( ,mi*ael ,angelo & ,raphael w\ld be lo/ to u today4 ,! doctr9e ( ! ,ca?olic ,*ur* reg>d+ ! use ( sacr$ images is cle>ly & fully express$ by ! ,g5]al ,c\ncil ( ,tr5t 9 ! foll[+ words3 8,! images ( ,*ri/1 & ( ,8 ,virg9 ,"m1 & ( o!r ,sa9ts1 are to be _h & reta9$1 especially 9 *ur*es2 & a due honor & v5]ation is to be giv5 to !m2 n t any div9ity or virtue is believ$ to be 9 !m = :i* !y are to be honor$1 or t any pray] is to be made to !m1 or t any confid5ce is to be plac$ 9 !m1 z 0 =m]ly done by ! hea!ns1 :o plac$ _! hopes 9 idols2 b because ! honor :i* is giv5 !m is ref]r$ to ! orig9als :i* !y repres5t1 s t by ! images :i* we kiss1 & be=e :i* we uncov] our heads or kneel1 we adore ,*ri/ & v5]ate ,8 ,sa9ts1 ^: lik5ess !y repres5t407#bgd7 ,e ,ca?olic *ild cle>ly compreh5ds ! ess5tial diff]5ce :i* exi/s betwe5 a ,pagan idol & a ,*ri/ian image4 ,! ,pagans look$ ^u an idol z a god end[$ ) intellig5ce & ! o!r attributes ( ! ,deity4 ,!y 7 !re=e idolat]s1 or image wor%ip]s4 ,ca?olic ,*ri/ians "k t a holy image has no intellig5ce or p[] to he> & help !m4 ,!y pay x a relative respect--t is1 _! rev]5ce = ! copy is proportion$ to ! v5]ation :i* !y ent]ta9 = ! heav5ly orig9al to :i* x is also ref]r$4 ,= ! sake ( my ,prote/ant read]s ,i may "h quote _! own great ,leibnitz on ! rev]5ce paid to sacr$ images4 ,he says1 9 8 ,sy/ema ,!ologicum1 p4 #adb3 8,?\gh we speak ( ! honor paid to images1 yet ?is is only a mann] ( speak+1 :i* really means t we honor n ! s5seless ?+ :i* is incapable ( und]/&+ su* honor1 b ! prototype1 :i* receives honor ?r\gh its repres5tation1 accord+ to ! tea*+ ( ! ,c\ncil ( ,tr5t4 ,x is 9 ?is s5se1 ,i take x1 t s*ola/ic writ]s h spok5 ( ! same wor%ip be+ paid to images ( ,*ri/ z to ,*ri/ our ,"l ,himself2 = ! act :i* is call$ ! wor%ip ( an image is really ! wor%ip ( ,*ri/ ,himself1 ?r\gh & 9 ! pres5ce ( ! image & by occasion ( x2 by ! incl9ation ( ! body t[>d x z to ,*ri/ ,himself1 z r5d]+ ,him m manife/ly pres5t1 & rais+ ! m9d m actively to ! contemplation ( ,him4 ,c]ta9ly1 no sane man ?9ks1 "u su* circum/ances1 ( pray+ 9 ?is wise3 #8,give me1 ,o image1 :at ,i ask2 to !e1 ,o m>ble or wood1 ,i give ?anks2' b #8,!e1 ,o ,"l1 ,i adore2 to ,!e ,i give ?anks & s+ songs ( praise4' ,giv51 !n1 t !re is no o!r v5]ation ( images ?an t :i* means v5]ation ( _! prototype1 !re is surely no m idolatry 9 x ?an !re is 9 ! respect %[n 9 ! utt]ance ( ! ,mo/ ,holy ,names ( ,god & ,*ri/2 =1 aft] all1 names are b signs or symbols1 & ev5 z su* inf]ior to images1 = !y repres5t mu* less vividly4 ,s t :5 !re is "q ( honor+ images1 ?is is to be und]/ood 9 ! same way z :5 x is said t at ! "n ( ,jesus e knee %all b5d1 or t ! "n ( ! ,"l is bless$1 or t glory be giv5 to ,8 ,"n4 ,?us1 ! b[+ be=e an image outside ( u is no m to be repreh5d$ ?an ! wor%ip+ be=e an ext]nal image 9 our own m9ds2 = ! ext]nal image does b s]ve ! purpose ( express+ visibly t :i* is int]nal40 ,9 ! ,book ( ,exodus we read3 8,?\ %alt n make to ?yself a grav5 ?+1 nor ! lik5ess ( any?+ t is 9 heav5 above1 or 9 ! e>? b5ea?1 nor ( ^? ?+s t are 9 ! wat]s "u ! e>?4 ,?\ %alt n adore !m nor s]ve !m407#bge7 ,prote/ants cont5d t ^! words conta9 an absolute prohibition aga9/ ! mak+ ( images1 :ile ! ,ca?olic ,*ur* insi/s t ! comm&m5t ref]r$ to m]ely prohibits u f wor%ip+ !m z gods4 ,! text _c mean ! absolute prohibition ( mak+ images2 = 9 t case ,god w\ld contradict ,himself by comm&+ 9 "o "p ( ,scripture :at ,he condemns 9 ano!r4 ,9 ,exodus 7xxv4 #ah71 = in/ance1 ,he comm&s two *]ubim ( beat5 gold to be made & plac$ on ea* side ( ! oracle2 & 9 ,numb]s 7xxi4 #h7 ,he comm&s ,moses to make a braz5 s]p5t1 & to set x up = a sign1 t 8:osoev] be+ /ruck by ! fi]y s]p5ts %all look ^u x1 %all live40 ,are n *]ubim & s]p5ts ! lik5esses ( creatures 9 heav5 above1 9 ! e>? b5ea? & 9 ! wat]s "u ! e>?8 = *]ubim dwell 9 heav5 & s]p5ts are f\nd on l& & sea4 ,we %\ld all1 )\t exception1 break ! comm&m5t 7 we to take x 9 ! ,prote/ant s5se4 ,h y n at home ! portraits ( liv+ & dep>t$ relatives8 ,& are n ^! ! lik5esses ( p]sons 9 heav5 above & on ! e>? b5ea?8 ,we/m9/] ,abbey1 ?\gh once a ,ca?olic ,ca!dral1 is n[ a ,prote/ant h\se ( wor%ip4 ,x is fill$ ) ! /atues ( illu/ri\s m52 yet no "o w accuse ! ,engli% *ur* ( idolatry 9 all[+ ^? /atues to rema9 !re4 ,b y w say3 ,! wor%ip]s 9 ,we/m9/] h no int5tion ( ador+ ^! /atues4 ,nei!r h we any int5tion ( wor%ip+ ! /atues ( ! ,sa9ts4 ,an ,engli% p>son once rem>k$ to a ,ca?olic fri5d3 8,tom1 don't y pray to images80 8,we pray be=e !m10 repli$ ,tom2 8b we h no int5tion ( pray+ to !m40 8,:o c>es = y\r int5tion10 retort$ ! p>son4 8,don't y pray at night80 obs]v$ ,tom4 8,yes10 said ! p>son2 8,i pray at my b$40 8,yes2 y pray to ! b$-po/40 8,oh1 no60 said ! rev]5d g5tleman2 8,i h no int5tion ( do+ t40 8,:o c>es10 repli$ ,tom1 8= y\r int5tion40 ,! moral rectitude or depravity ( our actions _c be det]m9$ )\t tak+ into acc\nt ! int5tion4 ,!re are _m p]sons :o h be5 taught 9 ! nurs]y tales1 t ,ca?olics wor%ip idols4 ,^! p]sons1 if !y visit ,europe & see an old man pray+ be=e an image ( our ,"l or a ,madonna :i* is plac$ along ! wayside1 are at once confirm$ 9 _! prejudices4 ,_! zeal aga9/ idols takes fire & !y write home1 add+ "o m pro( ( idolatry aga9/ ! b5ight$ ,romani/s4 ,if ^! sup]ficial travel]s _h only ! pati5ce to "q ! old man he w\ld tell !m1 ) simplicity ( fai?1 t ! /atue _h no life to he> or help him1 b t its contemplation inspir$ him ) great] rev]5ce = ! orig9al4 ,z ,i am writ+ = ! in=mation ( ,prote/ants1 ,i quote ) pleasure ! foll[+ passage1 writt5 by "o ( _! own !ologians1 9 ! ,encyclopdie 7,edit4 d',yv]dun1 tom4 #a1 art4 ,ador]73 8,:5 ,lot pro/rates himself be=e ! two angels x is an act ( c\rtesy t[>ds honor$ gue/s2 :5 ,jacob b[s d[n be=e ,esau x is an act ( def]5ce f a y\ng] to an eld] bro!r2 :5 ,solomon b[s l[ be=e ,be?sabee x is ! honor :i* a son pays to 8 "m2 :5 ,na?an1 com+ 9 be=e ,david1 #8_h wor%ip$1 b[+ d[n to ! gr\nd1' x is ! homage ( a subject to 8 pr9ce4 ,b :5 a man pro/rates himself 9 pray] to ,god x is ! creature ador+ ! ,creator4 ,& if ^! v>i\s actions are express$--sometimes by ! ^w adore1 sometimes by wor%ip or pro/ration--x is n ! b>e mean+ ( ! ^w :i* has guid$ int]pret]s 9 r5d]+ x1 b ! nature ( ! case4 ,:5 an ,israelite pro/rat$ himself be=e ! k+ no "o ?\ght ( *>g+ him ) idolatry4 ,if he _h done ! same ?+ 9 ! pres5ce ( an idol1 ! v same bodily act w\ld h be5 call$ idolatry4 ,& :y8 ,because all m5 w\ld h judg$ by 8 action t he reg>d$ ! idol z a real ,div9ity & t he w\ld express1 9 respect to x1 ! s5tim5ts manife/$ by adoration 9 ! limit$ s5se :i* we give to ! ^w4 ,:at %all we ?9k1 !n1 ( :at ,ca?olics d to %[ honor to ,sa9ts1 to relics1 to ! wood ( ! cross8 ,!y w n d5y t _! acts ( rev]5ce1 9 su* cases1 are v mu* l ^? by :i* !y pay outw>d honor to ,god4 ,b h !y ! same ideas ab\t ! ,sa9ts1 ! relics & ! cross z !y h ab\t ,god8 ,i believe t we _c fairly accuse !m ( x40 ,a g5tleman :o 0 pres5t at ! unveil+ ( ,clay's /atue 9 ! city ( ,ri*mond in=m$ me t z soon z ! curta9 0 uplift$1 & ! noble =m ( ! ,k5tucky /atesman appe>$ 9 full view1 ! imm5se conc\rse ( spectators in/9ctively uncov]$ _! heads4 8,:y d y take (f y\r hat80 playfully rem>k$ my fri5d to an acqua9tance :o /ood by4 8,9 honor1 ( c\rse1 ( ,h5ry ,clay10 he repli$4 8,b ,h5ry is n !re 9 ! fle%4 ,y see no?+ b clay40 8,b my int5tion1 sir10 he cont9u$1 8is to d honor to ! orig9al40 ,he answ]$ correctly4 ,& yet h[ _m ( ! same p w\ld be %ock$ if !y saw a man take (f 8 hat 9 ! pres5ce ( a /atue ( ,/4 ,pet]6 ,x is n1 !re=e1 ! mak+ ( ! image1 b its wor%ip1 t is condemn$ by ! ,decalogue4 ,hav+ se5 ! lawfulness ( sacr$ images1 let u n[ consid] ! advantages to be d]iv$ f _! use4 ,fir/--,religi\s pa9t+s embelli% ! h\se ( ,god4 ,:at is m becom+ ?an to adorn ! *ur*1 :i* is ! %ad[ ( ! heav5ly ,j]usalem1 s beautifully describ$ by ,/4 ,john87#bgf7 ,solomon decorat$ ! temple ( ,god ) images ( *]ubim & o!r repres5tations4 8,& he ov]laid ! *]ubim ) gold4 ,& all ! walls ( ! temple r\nd ab\t he c>v$ ) div]s figures & c>v+s407#bgg7 ,if x 0 meet & prop] to adorn ,solomon's temple1 :i* conta9$ only ! ,ark ( ! ,"l1 h[ mu* m fitt+ is x to decorate our *ur*es1 :i* conta9 ! ,"l ( ! ,ark8 ,:5 ,i see a *ur* ta/efully ornam5t$ x is a sure sign t ! ,ma/] is at home1 & t ,8 devot$ subjects pay homage to ,him 9 ,8 c\rt4 ,:at beauty1 :at v>iety1 :at *>m+ pictures are pres5t$ to our view 9 ?is temple ( nature :i* we inhabit6 ,look at ! canopy ( heav54 ,look at ! exquisite pictures pa9t$ by ! ,h& ( ! ,div9e ,arti/ on ?is e>?4 8,consid] ! lilies ( ! field4444 ,i say to y t n ev5 ,solomon 9 all 8 glory 0 array$ z "o ( ^!40 ,if ! temple ( nature is s ri*ly adorn$1 %\ld n our temples made ) h&s be> "s resemblance to x8 ,h[ _m pr(ess+ ,*ri/ians mu/1 l ,david1 reproa* !mselves = 8dwell+ 9 a h\se ( c$>1 :ile ! ark ( ,god is lodg$ ) sk9s407#bgh7 ,h[ _m are !re ^: private ap>tm5ts are adorn$ ) exquisite pa9t+s1 :o affect to be sc&aliz$ at ! sight ( a s+le pi\s emblem 9 _! h\se ( wor%ip8 ,on ! occasion ( ! celebration ( ,h5ry ,w4 ,bee*]'s silv] w$d+ sev]al weal?y memb]s ( 8 congregation adorn$ ! walls ( ,plym\? *ur* ) _! private pa9t+s4 ,_! object1 ( c\rse1 9 do+ s 0 n to honor ,god1 b _! pa/or4 ,b if ! portraits ( m5 7 no desecration to t *ur*1 h[ c ! portraits ( ,sa9ts desecrate ours87#bgi7 ,& :at c be m appropriate ?an to surr\nd ! ,sanctu>y ( ,jesus ,*ri/ ) ! portraits ( ! ,sa9ts1 especially ( ,m>y & ( ! ,apo/les1 :o1 9 _! life1 m9i/]$ to ,8 sacr$ p]son8 ,& is x n natural = *ildr5 to adorn _! homes ) ! lik5esses ( _! ,fa!rs 9 ! fai?8 ,second--,religi\s pa9t+s are ! cate*ism ( ! ignorant4 ,9 spite ( all ! ef=ts ( ,*ur* & ,/ate 9 ! cause ( education a great proportion ( ! human race w be f\nd illit]ate4 ,descriptive pictures w tea* ^? :at books make kn[n to ! le>n$4 ,h[ _m ?\s&s w\ld h di$ ignorant ( ! ,*ri/ian fai? if !y _h n be5 enlight5$ by pa9t+s6 ,:5 ,augu/9e1 ! ,apo/le ( ,engl&1 fir/ appe>$ be=e ,k+ ,e!lb]t to ann\nce to him ! ,gospel1 a silv] crucifix & a pa9t+ ( our ,savior 7 borne be=e ! prea*]1 & ^! images spoke m t5d]ly to ! eyes ?an 8 words to ! e>s ( 8 audi5ce4 ,by means ( religi\s emblems ,/4 ,francis ,xavi] effect$ _m conv]sions 9 ,india2 & by ! same means ,fa!r ,de ,smet made kn[n ! ,gospel to ! savages ( ! ,rocky ,m\nta9s4 ,?ird--,by exhibit+ religi\s pa9t+s 9 our rooms we make a sil5t1 ?\gh eloqu5t1 pr(ession ( our fai?4 ,i once call$ on a g5tleman 9 a di/ant city1 "s "t dur+ our late w>1 &1 on ent]+ 8 libr>y1 ,i notic$ two portraits1 "o ( a di/+ui%$ ,g5]al1 ! o!r ( an ,ar*bi%op4 ,^! portraits at once proclaim$ to me ! religi\s & patriotic s5tim5ts ( ! proprietor ( ! h\se4 8,behold60 he said to me1 po9t+ to ! pictures1 8my religi\s cre$ & my political cre$40 ,if ,i see a crucifix 9 a man's room ,i am conv9c$ at once t he is n an infidel4 ,f\r?--,by ! aid ( sacr$ pictures our devotion & love = ! orig9al are int5sifi$1 because we c conc5trate our ?\ghts m int5tly on ! object ( our affections4 ,m>k h[ ! eye ( a t5d] *ild gli/5s on confront+ ! pa9t+ ( an affectionate "m4 ,:at ,*ri/ian c /& unmov$ :5 contemplat+ a picture ( ! ,"m ( ,sorr[s8 ,h[ mu* devotion has be5 fo/]$ by ! ,/ations ( ! ,cross8 ,obs]ve ! int5se sympa?y depict$ on ! face ( ! humble ,*ri/ian woman z %e sil5tly passes f "o /ation to ano!r4 ,%e foll[s h] ,savior /ep by /ep f ! ,g>d5 to ,m\nt ,calv>y4 ,! :ole sc5e1 l a panoramic view1 is impr9t$ on h] m9d1 h] memory & h] affections4 ,nev] did ! mo/ pa!tic s]mon on ! ,passion enk9dle su* he>tfelt love1 or evoke su* salut>y resolutions1 z h be5 produc$ by ! sil5t spectacle ( our ,savior hang+ on ! cross4 ,fif?--,! portraits ( ! ,sa9ts /imulate u to ! imitation ( _! virtues2 & ?is is ! pr9cipal aim :i* ! ,*ur* has 9 view 9 enc\rag+ ! use ( pi\s repres5tations4 ,"o object1 x is true1 is to honor ! ,sa9ts2 ano!r is to invoke !m2 b ! pr9cipal end is to incite u to an imitation ( _! holy lives4 ,we are exhort$ to 8look & d accord+ to ! patt]n %[n u on ! m\nt407#bhj7 ,nor d ,i "k a bett] means = promot+ piety ?an by example4 ,if y keep at home ! lik5esses ( ,george ,wa%+ton1 ( ,patrick ,h5ry1 ( ,*ief ,ju/ice ,taney1 or ( o!r di/+ui%$ m51 ! copies ( su* em95t orig9als _c fail to ex]cise a salut>y ?\gh sil5t influ5ce on ! m9d & he>t ( y\r *ild4 ,y\r son w ask y3 8,:o are ^? m580 ,& :5 y tell him3 8,?is is ,wa%+ton1 ! ,fa!r ( 8 ,c\ntry2 ?is is ,patrick ,h5ry1 ! ard5t lov] ( civil lib]ty2 & ?is is ,taney1 ! incorruptible ,judge10 y\r boy w imp]ceptibly imbibe n only a v5]ation = ^? m51 b a reli% = ! civic virtues = :i* !y 7 conspicu\s4 ,& 9 l mann]1 :5 our *ildr5 h con/antly be=e _! eyes ! pure/ & mo/ exalt$ models ( sanctity1 !y _c fail to draw f su* contemplation a ta/e = ! virtues t m>k$ ! lives ( ! orig9als4 ,is n our c\ntry flood$ ) obsc5e pictures & immode/ repres5tations :i* corrupt our y\?s8 ,if ! ag5ts ( ,satan employ means s vile = a bad end2 if !y are cunn+ en\gh to p\r ?r\gh ! s5ses into ! he>ts ( ! unw>y ! insidi\s poison ( s91 by plac+ be=e !m lascivi\s portraits1 9 ,god's "n1 :y %\ld n we sanctify ! s\ls ( our *ildr5 by means ( pi\s emblems8 ,:y %\ld n we make ! eye ! in/rum5t ( edification z ! enemy makes x ! organ ( de/ruction8 ,%all ! p5 ( ! arti/1 ! p5cil ( ! pa9t] & ! *isel ( ! sculptor be pro/itut$ to ! base/ purposes8 ,god =bid6 ,! arts 7 int5d$ to be ! h&maids ( religion4 ,almo/ e mom5t ( ! day ! eye is receiv+ impressions f outw>d objects & in/antly communicat+ ^! impressions to ! s\l4 ,?us ! s\l receives e day ?\s&s ( impressions1 good or bad1 accord+ to ! "* ( ! objects pres5t$ to its gaze4 ,we _c1 !re=e1 ov]-e/imate ! salut>y effect produc$ ^u u 9 a *ur* or room adorn$ ) sacr$ pa9t+s4 ,we feel1 :ile 9 _! pres5ce1 t we are 9 ! company ( ! j4 ,! contemplation ( ^! pi\s portraits *a/5s our affections1 elevates our ?\ghts1 *ecks our levity & diffuses ar\nd u a heal?y atmosph]e4 ,i am happy to ackn[l$ge t ! outcry =m]ly rais$ aga9/ images has almo/ subsid$ ( late4 ,! epi!t ( idolat]s is seldom appli$ to u n[4 ,ev5 "s ( our diss5t+ bre?r5 are beg9n+ to recognize ! utility ( religi\s symbols & to regret t we h be5 p]mitt$1 by ! intemp]ate zeal ( ! ,re=m]s1 to h s long ! monopoly ( !m4 ,crosses already surm\nt "s ( our ,prote/ant *ur*es & replace ! wea!r-cock4 ,a g5tleman ( ,ri*mond rec5tly in=m$ me t dur+ ! prec$+ ,holy ,week he adorn$ ) twelve crosses an ,episcopal *ur* 9 :i*1 elev5 ye>s be=e1 ! sight ( a s+le "o 0 view$ ) horror by ! m9i/]4 ,may ! day soon come :5 all ,*ri/ians w jo9 ) u n only 9 v5]at+ ! sacr$ symbol ( salvation1 b 9 wor%ip+ at ! same alt>4 ,*apt] ,,xvi4 ,,purgatory ,,& ,,pray]s ,,= ,,! ,,dead4 ,! ,ca?olic ,*ur* tea*es t1 besides a place ( et]nal torm5ts = ! wick$ & ( ev]la/+ re/ = ! righte\s1 !re exi/s 9 ! next life a middle /ate ( tempor>y puni%m5t1 allott$ = ^? :o h di$ 9 v5ial s91 or :o h n satisfi$ ! ju/ice ( ,god = s9s already =giv54 ,%e also tea*es u t1 al?\gh ! s\ls consign$ to ?is int]m$iate /ate1 commonly call$ purgatory1 _c help !mselves1 !y may be aid$ by ! suffrages ( ! fai?ful on e>?4 ,! exi/5ce ( purgatory naturally implies ! correlative dogma--! utility ( pray+ = ! dead--= ! s\ls consign$ to ?is middle /ate h n rea*$ ! t]m ( _! j\rney4 ,!y are /ill exiles f heav5 & fit subjects = ,div9e clem5cy4 ,! doctr9e ( an int]m$iate /ate is ?us succ9ctly ass]t$ by ! ,c\ncil ( ,tr5t3 8,!re is a ,purgatory1 & s\ls !re deta9$1 are help$ by ! pray]s ( ! fai?ful1 & especially by ! acceptable ,sacrifice ( ! ,alt>407#bha7 ,x is to be not$ t ! ,c\ncil /udi\sly ab/a9s f specify+ ! nature ( ! expiat+ suff]+s endur$ !re94 ,is x n /range t ?is *]i%$ doctr9e %\ld also be call$ 9 "q by ! level+ innovators ( ! sixte5? c5tury1 :5 we consid] t x is cle>ly taught 9 ! ,old ,te/am5t2 t x is1 at lea/1 ins9uat$ 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t2 t x is unanim\sly proclaim$ by ! ,fa!rs ( ! ,*ur*2 t x is embodi$ 9 all ! anci5t liturgies ( ! ,ori5tal & ! ,we/]n *ur*1 & t x is a doctr9e alike consonant ) our reason & em95tly consol+ to ! human he>t8 ,fir/--,x is a doctr9e pla9ly conta9$ 9 ! ,old ,te/am5t & pi\sly practic$ by ! ,hebrew p4 ,at ! close ( an engagem5t :i* ,judas ,ma*abeus _h ) ! enemy he ord]$ pray]s & sacrifices to be (f]$ up = 8 sla9 comrades4 8,& mak+ a ga!r+1 he s5t twelve ?\s& dra*ms ( silv] to ,j]usalem = sacrifice to be (f]$ = ! s9s ( ! dead1 ?9k+ well & religi\sly conc]n+ ! resurrection4 ,=1 if he _h n hop$ t !y t 7 sla9 %\ld rise aga91 x w\ld h seem$ sup]flu\s & va9 to pray = ! dead4444 ,x is1 !re=e1 a holy & :olesome ?\ght to pray = ! dead1 t !y may be loos$ f s9s407#bhb7 ,^! words are s =cible t no comm5t ( m9e c\ld r5d] !m cle>]4 ,! passage prov$ a great /umbl+-block to ! ,re=m]s4 ,f9d+ t !y c\ld n by any evasion weak5 ! =ce ( ! text1 !y impi\sly ?rew ov]bo>d ! ,books ( ,ma*abees1 l a man :o assass9ates a ho/ile witness1 or l ! ,jews :o s\ght to kill ,laz>us1 le/ 8 resurrection %\ld be a te/imony 9 favor ( ,*ri/1 & pret5d$ t ! two books ( ,ma*abees 7 apocryphal4 ,& yet !y h precisely ! same au?ority z ! ,gospel ( ,/4 ,mat!w or any o!r portion ( ! ,bible1 = ! canonicity ( ! ,holy ,scriptures re/s solely on ! au?ority ( ! ,ca?olic ,*ur*1 :i* proclaim$ !m inspir$4 ,b ev5 admitt+1 = ! sake ( argum5t1 t ! ,books ( ,ma*abees 7 n entitl$ to be rank$ among ! canonical ,books ( ,holy ,scripture1 no "o1 at lea/1 has ev] d5i$ t !y are tru?ful hi/orical monum5ts1 & z su* t !y s]ve to demon/rate t x 0 a prevail+ practice among ! ,hebrew p1 z x is ) u1 to (f] up pray]s & sacrifices = ! dead4 ,second--,:5 our ,savior1 ! ,f\nd] ( ! ,new ,law1 appe>$ on e>?1 ,he came to lop (f ^? excresc5ces :i* _h gr[n on ! body ( ! ,jewi% ecclesia/ical code1 & to purify ! ,jewi% ,*ur* f ^? human traditions :i*1 9 ! c\rse ( "t1 became l t>es mix$ ) ! :eat ( s\nd doctr9e4 ,= in/ance1 ,he condemns ! ,ph>isees = prohibit+ ! p]=mance ( works ( *>ity on ! ,sabba? day1 & 9 ! tw5ty-?ird *apt] ( ,/4 ,mat!w ,he cites aga9/ !m a long catalogue ( innovations 9 doctr9e & discipl9e4 ,b did our ,"l1 at any "t1 reprove ! ,jews = _! belief 9 a middle /ate1 or = pray+ = ! dead1 a practice :i*1 to ,8 k1 prevail$ among ! p8 ,nev]4 ,on ! contr>y1 m ?an once bo? ,he & ! ,apo/le ( ! ,g5tiles ins9uate ! doctr9e ( purgatory4 ,our ,savior says3 8,:osoev] %all speak a ^w aga9/ ! ,son ( man x %all be =giv5 him4 ,b he t %all speak aga9/ ! ,holy ,gho/ x %all n be =giv5 him1 nei!r 9 ?is _w nor 9 ! _w to come407#bhc7 ,:5 our ,savior decl>es t a s9 aga9/ ! ,holy ,gho/ %all n be =giv5 9 ! next life1 ,he evid5tly leaves u to inf] t !re are "s s9s :i* w be p>don$ 9 ! life to come4 ,n[ 9 ! next life1 s9s _c be =giv5 9 heav51 =1 no?+ defil$ c ent] !re2 nor c !y be =giv5 9 hell1 =1 out ( hell !re is no r$emption4 ,!y mu/1 !re=e1 be p>don$ 9 ! int]m$iate /ate ( ,purgatory4 ,/4 ,paul tells u t 8e man's "w %all be manife/0 on ! ,"l's day4 8,! fire %all try e man's "w ( :at sort x is4 ,if any man's "w abide10 t is1 if 8 works are holy1 8he %all receive a rew>d4 ,if any man's "w burn10 t is1 if 8 works are faulty & imp]fect1 8he %all suff] loss2 b he himself %all be sav$1 yet s z by fire407#bhd7 ,8 s\l w be ultimately sav$1 b he %all suff]1 = a tempor>y duration1 9 ! purify+ flames ( ,purgatory4 ,?is int]pretation is n m9e4 ,x is ! unanim\s voice ( ! ,fa!rs ( ,*ri/5dom4 ,& :o are !y t h remov$ ! "t-honor$ l&m>ks ( ,*ri/ian fai? by reject+ ! doctr9e ( purgatory8 ,!y are discont5t$ *ur*m5 impati5t ( ! religi\s yoke1 m5 :o appe>$ on ! /age sixte5 hundr$ ye>s aft] ! f\ndation ( ,*ri/ianity4 ,judge y1 read]1 :om y ought to foll[4 ,if y want to "k ! true import ( a vital "q 9 ! ,con/itution1 w\ld y n foll[ ! decision ( a ,/ory1 a ,jeff]son1 a ,m>%all1 a ,taney1 juri/s & /atesm51 :o 7 ! recogniz$ exp\nd]s ( ! ,con/itution8 ,w\ld y n pref] _! op9ion to t ( political demagogues1 :o h nei!r le>n+1 nor au?ority1 nor hi/ory to support !m1 b "s selfi% end to fur!r8 ,n[1 ! same motive :i* y h = reject+ ! op9ion ( an ignorant politician & embrac+ t ( em95t juri/s1 on a con/itutional "q1 impels y to ca/ aside ! novelties ( religi\s innovators & to foll[ ! unanim\s s5tim5ts ( ! ,fa!rs 9 ref]5ce to ! subject ( purgatory4 ,?ird--,i w\ld wi% to place be=e y ext5d$ extracts f ! writ+s ( ! e>ly ,fa!rs ( ! ,*ur* be>+ ^u ?is subject2 b ,i mu/ cont5t myself ) quot+ a few ( ! mo/ prom95t lights ( primitive ,*ri/ianity4 ,t]tullian1 :o liv$ 9 ! second c5tury1 says t 8! fai?ful wife w pray = ! s\l ( h] deceas$ husb&1 p>ticul>ly on ! anniv]s>y day ( 8 fall+ asleep 7dea?74 ,& if %e fail to d s %e ha? repudiat$ h] husb& z f> z 9 h] lies407#bhe7 ,eusebius1 ! hi/orian 7f\r? c5tury71 describ+ ! fun]al ( ,con/ant9e ! ,great1 says t ! body ( ! bless$ pr9ce 0 plac$ on a l(ty bi]1 & ! m9i/]s ( ,god & ! multitude ( ! p1 ) te>s & mu* lam5tation1 (f]$ up pray]s & sacrifice = ! repose ( 8 s\l4 ,he adds t ?is 0 done 9 accordance ) ! desires ( t religi\s mon>*1 :o _h erect$ 9 ,con/ant9ople ! great *ur* 9 honor ( ! ,apo/les1 s t aft] 8 dea? ! fai?ful might !re rememb] him47#bhf7 ,/4 ,cyril ( ,j]usalem1 f\r? c5tury1 writes3 8,we commemorate ! ,holy ,fa!rs1 & ,bi%ops1 & all :o h fall5 asleep f among/ u1 believ+ t ! supplications :i* we pres5t w be ( great assi/ance to _! s\ls1 :ile ! holy & trem5d\s ,sacrifice is (f]$ up40 ,he answ]s by an illu/ration ^? t might be dispos$ to d\bt ! efficacy ( pray]s = ! dead3 8,if a k+ _h bani%$ c]ta9 p]sons :o _h (f5d$ him1 & _! relations1 hav+ wov5 a cr[n1 %\ld (f] x to him 9 behalf ( ^? "u 8 v5geance1 w\ld he n grant a respite to _! puni%m5ts8 ,s we1 9 (f]+ up a cr[n ( pray]s 9 behalf ( ^? :o h fall5 asleep1 w obta9 = !m =giv5ess ?r\gh ! m]its ( ,*ri/407#bhg7 ,/4 ,ephrem1 9 ! same c5tury1 says3 8,i conjure y1 my bre?r5 & fri5ds1 9 ! "n ( t ,god :o comm&s me to leave y1 to rememb] me :5 y assemble to pray4 ,d n bury me ) p]fumes4 ,give !m n to me1 b to ,god4 ,me1 conceiv$ 9 sorr[s1 bury ) lam5tations1 & in/ead ( p]fumes assi/ me ) y\r pray]s2 = ! dead are b5efit$ by ! pray]s ( liv+ ,sa9ts407#bhh7 ,/4 ,ambrose 7same c5tury71 on ! dea? ( ! ,emp]ors ,gratian & ,val5t9ian1 says3 8,bless$ %all bo? ( y be 7,gratian & ,val5t9ian71 if my pray]s c avail any?+4 ,no day %all pass y ov] 9 sil5ce4 ,no pray] ( m9e %all omit to honor y4 ,no night %all hurry by )\t be/[+ on y a m5tion 9 my pray]s4 ,9 e "o ( ! oblations w ,i rememb] y40 ,on ! dea? ( ! ,emp]or ,!odosius he (f]s ! foll[+ pray]3 8,give p]fect re/ to ,?y s]vant ,!odosius1 t re/ :i* ,?\ ha/ prep>$ = ,?y ,sa9ts4 ,may 8 s\l return ?i!r :5ce x desc5d$1 :]e x _c feel ! /+ ( dea?4444 ,i lov$ him & !re=e w ,i foll[ him1 ev5 unto ! l& ( ! liv+4 ,nor w ,i leave him until1 by te>s & pray]s1 ,i %all lead him 444 unto ! holy m\nta9 ( ! ,"l1 :]e is life undy+1 :]e corruption is n1 nor sigh+ nor m\rn+407#bhi7 ,/4 ,j]ome1 9 ! same c5tury1 9 a lett] ( condol5ce to ,pamma*ius1 on ! dea? ( 8 wife ,paul9a1 writes3 8,o!r husb&s /rew violets & roses on ! graves ( _! wives4 ,our ,pamma*ius b$ews ! hall[$ du/ ( ,paul9a ) balsams ( alms407#bij7 ,/4 ,*ryso/om writes3 8,x 0 n )\t good reason orda9$ by ! ,apo/les t m5tion %\ld be made ( ! dead 9 ! trem5d\s my/]ies1 because !y knew well t !y w\ld receive great b5efit f x407#bia7 ,/4 ,augu/9e1 :o liv$ 9 ! beg9n+ ( ! fif? c5tury1 relates t :5 8 "m 0 at ! po9t ( dea? %e made ?is la/ reque/ ( him3 8,lay ?is body any:]e2 let n ! c>e ( x 9 anyway di/urb y4 ,?is only ,i reque/ ( y1 t y w\ld rememb] me at ! alt> ( ! ,"l1 :]ev] y be40 ,& t pi\s son prays = 8 "m's s\l 9 ! mo/ impassion$ language3 8,i !re=e10 he says1 8,o ,god ( my he>t1 d n[ besee* ,!e = ! s9s ( my "m4 ,he> me ?r\gh ! m$ic9e ( ! w\nds t hung ^u ! wood4444 ,may %e1 !n1 be 9 peace ) h] husb&4444 ,& inspire1 my ,"l1 444 ,?y s]vants1 my bre?r51 :om ) voice & he>t & p5 ,i s]ve1 t z _m z %all read ^! words may rememb] at ,?y alt>1 ,monica1 ,?y s]vant444407#bib7 ,^! are b a few specim5s ( ! unanim\s voice ( ! ,fa!rs reg>d+ ! salut>y practice ( pray+ = ! dead4 ,y n[ p]ceive t ?is devotion is n an inv5tion ( mod]n times1 b a doctr9e univ]sally en=c$ 9 ! fir/ & pure/ ages ( ! ,*ur*4 ,y see t pray+ = ! dead 0 n a devotion cauti\sly recomm5d$ by "s obscure or vision>y writ]1 b an act ( religion prea*$ & inculcat$ by all ! great ,doctors & ,fa!rs ( ! ,*ur*1 :o are ! recogniz$ exp\nd]s ( ! ,*ri/ian religion4 ,y see !m1 too1 inculcat+ ?is doctr9e n z a cold & ab/ract pr9ciple1 b z an imp]ative act ( daily piety1 & embody+ x 9 _! ord9>y ex]cises ( devotion4 ,!y pray$ = ! dead 9 _! morn+ & ev5+ devotions4 ,!y pray$ = !m 9 _! daily (fice1 & 9 ! ,sacrifice ( ! ,mass4 ,!y ask$ ! pray]s ( ! congregation = ! s\ls ( ! deceas$ 9 ! public s]vices ( ,sunday4 ,on ! monum5ts :i* 7 erect$ to ! dead1 "s ( :i* are pres]v$ ev5 to ?is day1 epitaphs 7 inscrib$1 e>ne/ly invok+ = _! s\ls ! pray]s ( ! liv+4 ,h[ gratify+ x is to our ,ca?olic he>ts t a devotion s soo?+ to afflict$ spirits is at ! same "t s firmly gr\nd$ on ! tradition ( ages6 ,f\r?--,t ! practice ( pray+ = ! dead has desc5d$ f ,apo/olic times is evid5t also f ! ,liturgies ( ! ,*ur*4 ,a ,liturgy is ! e/abli%$ =mul>y ( public wor%ip1 conta9+ ! au?oriz$ pray]s ( ! ,*ur*4 ,! ,missal1 or ,mass-book1 = in/ance1 :i* y see on our alt>s1 conta9s a portion ( ! ,liturgy ( ! ,ca?olic ,*ur*4 ,! pr9cipal ,liturgies are ! ,liturgy ( ,/4 ,james ! ,apo/le1 :o f\nd$ ! ,*ur* ( ,j]usalem2 ! ,liturgy ( ,/4 ,m>k ! ,evangeli/1 f\nd] ( ! ,*ur* ( ,alex&ria1 & ! ,liturgy ( ,/4 ,pet]1 :o e/abli%$ ! ,*ur* 9 ,rome4 ,^! ,liturgies are call$ aft] ! ,apo/les :o compil$ !m4 ,!re are1 besides1 ! ,liturgies ( ,/4 ,*ryso/om & ,/4 ,basil1 :i* are *iefly bas$ on ! model ( t ( ,/4 ,james4 ,n[1 all ^! ,liturgies1 )\t exception1 h pray]s = ! dead1 & _! provid5tial pres]vation s]ves z ano!r triumphant v9dication ( ! v5]able antiquity ( ?is ,ca?olic doctr9e4 ,! ,ea/]n & ! ,we/]n *ur*es 7 happily unit$ until ! f\r? & fif? c5turies1 :5 ! h]esi>*s ,arius1 ,ne/orius & ,euty*es )drew millions ( s\ls f ! c5tre ( unity4 ,! foll[]s ( ^! sects 7 call$1 aft] _! f\nd]s1 ,arians1 ,ne/orians & ,euty*ians1 & f t day to ! pres5t ! two latt] bodies h =m$ di/9ct communions1 be+ sep>at$ f ! ,ca?olic ,*ur* 9 ! ,ea/1 j z ! ,prote/ant *ur*es are sep>at$ f h] 9 ! ,we/4 ,! ,greek s*ismatic *ur*1 ( :i* ! pres5t ,russo-,greek *ur* is ! (fspr+1 sev]$ h] connection ) ! ,see ( ,rome 9 ! n9? c5tury4 ,b 9 leav+ ! ,ca?olic ,*ur* ^! ,ea/]n sects reta9$ ! old ,liturgies1 :i* !y use to ?is day1 z ,i %all pres5tly demon/rate4 ,dur+ my soj\rn 9 ,rome at ! ,ecum5ical ,c\ncil ,i devot$ a great deal ( my leisure "t to ! exam9ation ( ! v>i\s ,liturgies ( ! s*ismatic *ur*es ( ! ,ea/4 ,i f\nd 9 all ( !m =mulas ( pray]s = ! dead almo/ id5tical ) t ( ! ,roman ,missal3 8,rememb]1 ,o ,"l1 ,?y s]vants :o are gone be=e u ) ! sign ( fai?1 & sleep 9 peace4 ,to ^!1 ,o ,"l1 & to all :o re/ 9 ,*ri/ grant1 we besee* ,!e1 a place ( refre%m5t1 light & peace1 ?r\gh ! same ,jesus ,*ri/ our ,"l40 ,n cont5t ) /udy+ _! books1 ,i call$ ^u ! ,ori5tal ,patri>*s & ,bi%ops 9 communion ) ! ,see ( ,rome1 :o belong to ! ,arm5ian1 ! ,*aldean1 ! ,coptic1 ! ,m>onite & ,syriac rites4 ,!y all assur$ me t ! s*ismatic ,*ri/ians ( ! ,ea/ among :om !y live h1 )\t exception1 pray]s & sacrifices = ! dead4 ,n[1 ,i ask1 :5 c\ld ^? ,ea/]n sects h comm5c$ to adopt ! ,ca?olic practice ( pray+ = ! dead8 ,!y c\ld n h receiv$ x f u s9ce ! n9? c5tury1 because ! ,greek *ur* sep>at$ f u !n & has _h no communion ) u s9ce t "t1 except at int]vals1 up to ! twelf? c5tury4 ,nor c\ld !y h adopt$ ! practice s9ce ! f\r? or fif? c5tury1 inasmu* z ! ,arians1 ,ne/orians & ,euty*ians h _h no religi\s communication ) u s9ce t p]iod4 ,!re=e1 9 common ) u1 !y receiv$ ?is doctr9e f ! ,apo/les4 ,if m5 liv+ 9 diff]5t c\ntries dr9k w9e hav+ ! same flavor & ta/e & color1 ! inf]5ce is t ! w9e 0 made f ! same species ( grape4 ,s mu/ we conclude t ?is refre%+ doctr9e ( int]cession = ! dead has its root 9 ! ,apo/olic tree ( k plant$ by our ,savior4 ,fif?--,i h already spok5 ( ! devotion ( ! anci5t ,jewi% *ur* to ! s\ls ( ! dep>t$4 ,b p]haps y are n aw>e t ! ,jews reta9 to ?is day1 9 _! ,liturgy1 ! pi\s practice ( pray+ = ! dead4 ,yet su* 9 reality is ! case4 ,amid all ! w&]+s & vicissitudes ( life1 ?\gh dismemb]$ & disp]s$ l %eep )\t a %eph]d ov] ! face ( ! globe1 ! *ildr5 ( ,israel h nev] =gott5 or neglect$ ! sacr$ duty ( pray+ = _! deceas$ bre?r54 ,unwill+ to make ?is ass]tion )\t ! /ronge/ evid5ce1 ,i procur$ f a ,jewi% conv]t an au?oriz$ ,pray]-,book ( ! ,hebrew *ur*1 f :i* ,i extract ! foll[+ =mula ( pray]s :i* are prescrib$ = fun]als3 8,dep>t$ bro!r6 maye/ ?\ f9d op5 ! gates ( heav51 & see ! city ( peace & ! dwell+s ( safety1 & meet ! m9i/]+ angels ha/5+ joyfully t[>d !e4 ,& may ! ,high ,prie/ /& to receive !e1 & g ?\ to ! end1 re/ 9 peace1 & rise aga9 into life4 ,may ! repose e/abli%$ 9 ! cele/ial abode 444 be ! lot1 dwell+ & ! re/+-place ( ! s\l ( our deceas$ bro!r 7:om ! ,_s ( ! ,"l may guide into ,p>adise71 :o dep>t$ f ?is _w1 accord+ to ! w ( ,god1 ! ,"l ( heav5 & e>?4 ,may ! supreme ,k+ ( k+s1 ?r\gh ,8 inf9ite m]cy1 hide him "u ! %ad[ ( ,8 w+4 ,may ,he raise him at ! end ( 8 days & cause him to dr9k ( ! /ream ( ,8 delights407#bic7 ,among ! _m-sid$ m]its ( ,%akespe>e may be m5tion$ 8 happy faculty ( portray+ to life ! mann]s & cu/oms & traditional fai? ( ! times :i* he describes4 ,h[ deep-root$ 9 ! ,*ri/ian he>t 9 pre-,re=mation times1 0 ! belief 9 ,purgatory1 may be inf]r$ f a passage 9 ,hamlet :o probably liv$ 9 ! e>ly "p ( ! eigh? c5tury4 ,?us speaks to ,hamlet ! _s ( 8 murd]$ fa!r3 8,i am ?y fa!r's _s1 ,doom'd = a c]ta9 "t to walk ! night2 ,& = ! day conf9'd too fa/ 9 fires1 ,till ! f\l crimes done 9 my days ( nature ,are burnt & purg'd away407#bid7 ,i am happy to say t ! m advanc$ & enlight5$ memb]s ( ! ,episcopalian *ur* are /eadily return+ to ! fai? ( _! =e-fa!rs reg>d+ pray]s = ! dead4 ,an acqua9tance ( m9e1 once a di/+ui%$ cl]gyman ( ! ,episcopal communion1 b n[ a conv]t1 in=m$ me t hundr$s ( ,prote/ant cl]gym5 9 ?is c\ntry1 & p>ticul>ly 9 ,engl&1 h a firm belief 9 ! efficacy ( pray]s = ! dead1 b = well-kn[n reasons !y are res]v$ 9 ! expression ( _! fai?4 ,he easily conv9c$ me ( ! tru? ( 8 ass]tion1 p>ticul>ly z f> z ! ,*ur* ( ,engl& is conc]n$1 by s5d+ me six diff]5t works publi%$ 9 ,london1 all be>+ on ! subject ( ,purgatory4 ,^! books are pr9t$ "u ! auspices ( ! ,prote/ant ,episcopal *ur*2 !y all conta9 pray]s = ! dead & prove1 f ,ca?olic gr\nds1 ! exi/5ce ( a middle /ate aft] dea? & ! duty ( pray+ = our deceas$ bre?r547#bie7 ,to sum up1 we see ! practice ( pray+ = ! dead en=c$ 9 ! anci5t ,hebrew *ur* & 9 ! ,jewi% synagogue ( today4 ,we see x proclaim$ age aft] age by all ! ,fa!rs ( ,*ri/5dom4 ,we see x incorporat$ 9 e "o ( ! anci5t ,liturgies ( ! ,ea/ & ( ! ,we/4 ,we see x zeal\sly taught by ! ,russian *ur* ( today1 & by t imm5se family ( s*ismatic ,*ri/ians scatt]$ ov] ! ,ea/4 ,we behold x1 9 f9e1 a *]i%$ devotion ( ?ree hundr$ millions ( ,ca?olics1 z well z ( a respectable portion ( ! ,episcopal *ur*4 ,w\ld x n1 my fri5d1 be ! height ( ra%ness & presumption 9 y to pref] y\r private op9ion to ?is imm5se weight ( le>n+1 sanctity & au?ority8 ,w\ld x n be impiety 9 y to /& aside ) seal$ lips :ile ! ,*ri/ian _w is s5d+ up an unceas+ ,de pr(undis = dep>t$ bre?r58 ,w\ld x n be cold & he>tless 9 y n to pray = y\r deceas$ fri5ds1 on acc\nt ( prejudices :i* h no gr\nds 9 ,scripture1 tradition or reason itself8 ,if a bro!r leaves y to cross ! broad ,atlantic1 religion & affection prompt y to pray = him dur+ 8 abs5ce4 ,& if ! same bro!r crosses ! n>r[ sea ( dea? to pass to ! %ores ( et]nity1 :y n pray = him !n also8 ,:5 he crosses ! ,atlantic 8 s\l1 imprison$ 9 ! fle%1 is abs5t f y2 :5 he passes ! sea ( dea? 8 s\l1 releas$ f ! fle%1 has gone f y4 ,:at diff]5ce does ?is make ) reg>d to ! duty ( y\r int]cession8 ,= :at is dea?8 ,a m]e sep>ation ( body & s\l4 ,! body1 inde$1 dies1 b ! s\l 8lives & moves & has its be+40 ,x cont9ues aft] dea?1 z be=e1 to ?9k1 to rememb]1 to love4 ,& d n ,god's dom9ion & m]cy ext5d ov] t s\l beyond ! grave z well z z ?is side ( x8 ,:o %all place ! limits to ,god's empire & say to ,him3 8,?us f> ,?\ %alt g & no f>!r80 ,two ?\s& ye>s aft] ,abraham's dea? our ,"l said3 8,i am ! ,god ( ,abraham1 ( ,isaac1 & ( ,jacob4 ,he is n ! ,god ( ! dead1 b ( ! liv+407#bif7 ,if1 !n1 x is pr(itable = y to pray = y\r bro!r 9 ! fle%1 :y %\ld x be useless = y to pray = him out ( ! fle%8 ,= :ile he 0 liv+ y pray$ n = 8 body1 b = 8 s\l4 ,if ?is bro!r ( y\rs dies ) "s slight /a9s ^u 8 s\l1 a s9 ( impati5ce1 = in/ance1 or an idle ^w1 is he fit to ent] heav5 ) ^! blemi%es ^u 8 s\l8 ,no2 ! sanctity ( ,god =bids x1 = 8no?+ defil$ %all ent] ! ,k+dom ( ,heav5407#big7 ,w y consign him1 = ^! m9or transgressions1 to et]nal torm5ts ) adult]]s & murd]]s8 ,no2 ! ju/ice & m]cy ( ,god =bid x4 ,!re=e1 y\r common s5se dem&s a middle place ( expiation = ! purgation ( ! s\l be=e x is wor?y ( enjoy+ ! companion%ip ( ,god & ,8 ,sa9ts4 ,god 8w r5d] to e man accord+ to 8 works10--to ! pure & unsulli$ ev]la/+ bliss2 to ! reprobate et]nal damnation2 to s\ls /a9$ ) m9or faults a place ( tempor>y purgation4 ,i _c recall any doctr9e ( ! ,*ri/ian religion m consol+ to ! human he>t ?an ! article ( fai? :i* tea*es ! efficacy ( pray]s = ! fai?ful dep>t$4 ,x robs dea? ( its /+4 ,x encircles ! *amb] ( m\rn+ ) a ra9b[ ( hope4 ,x assuages ! bitt]ness ( our sorr[1 & reconciles u to our loss4 ,x keeps u 9 t\* ) ! dep>t$ dead z correspond5ce keeps u 9 t\* ) ! abs5t liv+4 ,x pres]ves _! memory fre% & gre5 9 our he>ts4 ,x gives u t ke5 satisfaction :i* spr+s f ! consci\sness t we c aid ^? lov$ ones :o are gone be=e u by alleviat+ _! pa9s1 %ort5+ _! exile1 & ha/5+ _! entrance into _! true c\ntry4 ,x famili>izes u ) ! exi/5ce ( a life beyond ! grave1 & ) ! hope ( be+ reunit$ ) ^? :om we *]i%$ on e>?1 & ( dwell+ ) !m 9 t home :]e !re is no sep>ation1 or sorr[1 or dea?1 b et]nal joy & peace & re/4 ,i h se5 a devot$ daught] m9i/] ) t5d] solicitude at ! sick-b$ ( a fond p>5t4 ,_m an anxi\s day & sleepless night did %e wat* at 8 b$side4 ,%e moi/5$ ! p>*$ lips1 & cool$ ! fev]$ br[1 & rais$ ! droop+ head on its pill[4 ,e *ange 9 h] pati5t = bett] or worse br\ght a correspond+ sun%9e or gloom to h] he>t4 ,x 0 filial love t prompt$ all ?is4 ,h] fa!r di$ & %e foll[$ 8 rema9s to ! grave4 ,?\gh n a ,ca?olic1 /&+ by ! bi] %e bur/ ^? *a9s :i* a cruel religi\s prejudice _h wr\ght ar\nd h] he>t1 &1 ris+ sup]ior to h] sect1 %e cri$ out3 ,"l1 h m]cy on 8 s\l4 ,x 0 ! voice ( nature & ( religion4 ,oh1 f> f u a religion :i* w\ld decree an et]nal divorce betwe5 ! liv+ & ! dead4 ,h[ consol+ is x to ! ,ca?olic to ?9k t1 9 pray+ ?us = 8 dep>t$ fri5d1 8 pray]s are n 9 violation (1 b 9 accordance )1 ! voice ( ! ,*ur*2 & t z1 l ,augu/9e1 he wat*es at ! pill[ ( a dy+ "m1 s l ,augu/9e1 he c cont9ue ! same (fice ( piety = h] s\l aft] %e is dead by pray+ = h]6 ,h[ *e]+ ! reflection t ! gold5 l9k ( pray] unites y /ill to ^? :o 8fell asleep 9 ! ,"l10 t y c /ill speak to !m & pray = !m6 ,t5nyson grasps ! ,ca?olic feel+ :5 he makes 8 h]o1 ^: c\rse is run1 ?us address 8 surviv+ comrade1 ,sir ,b$iv]e3 8,i h liv$ my life1 & t :i* ,i h done ,may ,he )9 ,himself make pure2 b ?\1 ,if ?\ %\ld/ nev] see my face aga91 ,pray = my s\l4 ,m ?+s are wr\ght by pray] ,?an ?is _w dreams (4 ,:]e=e1 let ?y voice ,rise l a f\nta9 = me night & day4 ,= :at are m5 bett] ?an %eep or goats ,t n\ri% a bl9d life )9 ! bra91 ,if kn[+ ,god !y lift n h&s ( pray] ,bo? = !mselves & ^? :o call !m fri5d8 ,= s ! :ole r\nd e>? is e way ,b\nd by gold *a9s ab\t ! feet ( ,god407#bih7 ,oh6 x is ?is ?\ght t robs dea? ( its /+ & makes ! sep>ation ( fri5ds endurable4 ,if y\r dep>t$ fri5d ne$s n y\r pray]s1 !y are n lo/1 b1 l ! ra9 absorb$ by ! sun1 & desc5d+ aga9 9 fruitful %[]s on our fields1 !y w be ga!r$ by ! ,sun ( ju/ice1 & w fall 9 refre%+ %[]s ( grace ^u y\r head3 8,ca/ ?y bread ^u ! runn+ wat]s2 =1 aft] a long "t1 ?\ %alt f9d x aga9407#bii7 ,*apt] ,,xvii4 ,,civil ,,& ,,religi\s ,,lib]ty4 ,a man enjoys religi\s lib]ty :5 he possesses ! free "r ( wor%ip+ ,god accord+ to ! dictates ( a "r consci5ce1 & ( practic+ a =m ( religion mo/ 9 accordance ) 8 duties to ,god4 ,e act infr++ on 8 fre$om ( consci5ce is ju/ly /yl$ religi\s intol]ance4 ,?is religi\s lib]ty is ! true "r ( e man because x corresponds ) a mo/ c]ta9 duty :i* ,god has put ^u him4 ,a man enjoys civil lib]ty :5 he is exempt f ! arbitr>y w ( o!rs1 & :5 he is gov]n$ by equitable laws e/abli%$ = ! g5]al welf>e ( society4 ,s long z1 9 common ) 8 fell[-citiz5s1 he obs]ves ! laws ( ! /ate1 any exceptional re/ra9t impos$ ^u him1 9 ! ex]cise ( 8 rights z a citiz51 is s f> an infr+em5t on 8 civil lib]ty4 ,i "h ass]t ! proposition1 :i* ,i hope to confirm by hi/orical evid5ce1 t ! ,ca?olic ,*ur* has always be5 ! zeal\s promot] ( religi\s & civil lib]ty2 & t :5ev] any encroa*m5ts on ^! sacr$ privileges ( man 7 p]petrat$ by pr(ess+ memb]s ( ! ,ca?olic fai?1 ^! wrongs1 f> f be+ sanction$ by ! ,*ur*1 7 committ$ 9 palpable violation ( h] au?ority4 ,h] doctr9e is1 t z man by 8 own free w fell f grace1 s ( 8 own free w mu/ he return to grace4 ,conv]sion & co]cion are two t]ms t c nev] be reconcil$4 ,x has ev] be5 a c>d9al maxim1 inculcat$ by sov]eign ,pontiffs & o!r ,prelates1 t no viol5ce or undue influ5ce %\ld be ex]cis$ by ,*ri/ian pr9ces or mission>ies 9 _! ef=ts to conv]t s\ls to ! fai? ( ,jesus ,*ri/4 ,pope ,gregory ,i4 9 ! latt] "p ( ! ,six? ,c5tury1 compell$ ! ,bi%op ( ,t]rac9a to re/ore to ! ,jews1 ! synagogue :i* he _h seiz$1 decl>+ t !y %\ld n be co]c$ into ! ,*ur*1 b %\ld be treat$ ) meekness & *>ity4 ,! great ,pontiff issu$ ! same ord]s to ! ,prelates ( ,s>d9ia & ,sicily 9 behalf ( ! p]secut$ ,jews4 ,/4 ,augu/9e & 8 companions1 :o 7 s5t by ,pope ,gregory ,i4 to ,engl& = ! conv]sion ( t nation1 _h ! happ9ess ( baptiz+ 9 ! true fai? ,k+ ,e!lb]t & _m ( 8 subjects4 ,t mon>*1 9 ! f]vor ( 8 zeal1 0 mo/ anxi\s t all 8 subjects %\ld imm$iately foll[ 8 example2 b ! mission>ies admoni%$ him t he %\ld scrupul\sly ab/a9 f viol5ce 9 ! conv]sion ( 8 p1 = ! ,*ri/ian religion %\ld be volunt>ily embrac$4 ,pope ,ni*olas ,i4 also w>n$ ,mi*ael1 k+ ( ! ,bulg>ians1 aga9/ employ+ =ce or con/ra9t 9 ! conv]sion ( idolat]s4 ,! f\r? ,c\ncil ( ,tol$o1 held 9 #fcc1 a synod ( great au?ority 9 ! ,*ur*1 orda9$ t no "o %\ld be compell$ aga9/ 8 w to make a pr(ession ( ! ,*ri/ian fai?4 ,be x rememb]$ t ?is ,c\ncil 0 compos$ ( all ! ,bi%ops ( ,spa91 t x 0 assembl$ 9 a c\ntry & at a "t 9 :i* ! ,*ur* held almo/ unlimit$ sway1 & among a p :o h be5 repres5t$ z ! mo/ fanatical & intol]ant ( all ,europe4 ,p]haps no man c be consid]$ a fair] repres5tative ( ! age 9 :i* he liv$ ?an ,/4 ,b]n>d1 ! illu/ri\s ,abbot ( ,clairvaux4 ,he 0 ! embodim5t ( ! _s ( ! ,middle ,ages4 ,8 life is ! key t discloses to u :at degree ( tol]ation prevail$ 9 ^? days4 ,hav+ he>d t a fanatical prea*] 0 /imulat+ ! p to de$s ( viol5ce aga9/ ! ,jews z ! enemies ( ,*ri/ianity1 ,/4 ,b]n>d rais$ 8 eloqu5t voice aga9/ him1 & rescu$ ^? p]secut$ p f ! dang] to :i* !y 7 expos$4 ,pope ,innoc5t ,,iii4 9 ! ,?irte5? ,c5tury promulgat$ ! foll[+ ,decree 9 behalf ( ! ,hebrews3 8,let no ,jew be con/ra9$ to receive baptism1 & he t w n cons5t to be baptiz$1 let him n be mole/$4 ,let no "o unju/ly seize _! prop]ty1 di/urb _! fea/s1 or lay wa/e _! cemet]ies40 ,o!r succe$+ ,pontiffs1 notably ,gregory ,,ix4 & ,innoc5t ,,iv41 issu$ simil> in/ructions4 ,n to cite too _m examples1 let me quote = y only ! beautiful lett] address$ by ,f5elon1 ,ar*bi%op ( ,cambray1 to ! son ( ,k+ ,james ,,ii4 ( ,engl&4 ,?is lett] n only reflects ! s5tim5ts ( 8 own he>t1 b =mul>izes 9 ?is p>ticul> ! decrees ( ! ,*ur*1 ( :i* he 0 a di/+ui%$ ornam5t4 8,above all10 he writes1 8nev] =ce y\r subjects to *ange _! religion4 ,no human p[] c rea* ! imp5etrable recess ( ! free w ( ! he>t4 ,viol5ce c nev] p]suade m52 x s]ves only to make hypocrites4 ,grant civil lib]ty to all1 n 9 approv+ ev]y?+ z indiff]5t1 b 9 tol]at+ ) pati5ce :atev] ,almighty ,god tol]ates1 & endeavor+ to conv]t m5 by mild p]suasion407#cjj7 ,x is true1 inde$1 t ! ,ca?olic ,*ur* sp>es no pa9s & /ops at no sacrifice 9 ord] to induce mank9d to embrace h] fai?4 ,o!rwise %e w\ld be recreant to h] sacr$ mission4 ,b %e scorns to ex]cise any undue influ5ce 9 h] ef=ts to conv]t s\ls4 ,! only argum5t %e w\ld use1 is ! argum5t ( reason & p]suasion2 ! only tribunal to :i* %e w\ld summon y1 is ! tribunal ( consci5ce2 ! only weapon %e w\ld wield1 is 8! ,sword ( ! ,_s1 :i* is ! ,^w ( ,god40 ,x is well kn[n t ! sup]ior advantages ( our female academies ?r\gh\t ! c\ntry lead _m ( our diss5t+ bre?r5 to s5d _! daught]s to ^! in/itutions4 ,x is also well kn[n t s w>m is ! affection :i* ^! "y ladies ent]ta9 = _! religi\s tea*]s1 s hall[$ is ! atmosph]e !y brea! )9 ^! seats ( le>n+1 t !y (t5 beg to embrace a religion :i* fo/]s s mu* piety & :i* produces lilies s fragrant & s pure4 ,d ! si/]s take advantage ( ?is influ5ce 9 ! cause ( proselytism8 ,by no means4 ,s delicate is _! reg>d = ! religi\s consci5ce ( _! pupils1 t !y r>ely cons5t to h ^! "y ladies baptiz$ till1 aft] be+ ?or\ghly in/ruct$ 9 all ! doctr9es ( ! ,*ur*1 !y h obta9$ ! free p]mission ( _! p>5ts or gu>dians4 ,! ,*ur* is1 inde$1 intol]ant 9 ?is s5se1 t %e c nev] conf\nd tru? ) error2 nor c %e admit t any man is consci5ti\sly free to reject ! tru? :5 its claims are conv9c+ly br\ght home to ! m9d4 ,_m ,prote/ants seem to be v mu* di/urb$ by "s su* argum5t z ?is3 ,ca?olics are v ready n[ to proclaim fre$om ( consci5ce1 because !y are 9 ! m9ority4 ,:5 !y once succe$ 9 gett+ ! upp] h& 9 numb]s & p[] !y w de/roy ?is fre$om1 because _! fai? tea*es !m to tol]ate no doctr9e o!r ?an ! ,ca?olic4 ,x is1 !n1 a matt] ( absolute necessity = u t !y %\ld nev] be all[$ to get ?is advantage4 ,n[1 9 all ?is1 !re is a great mi/ake1 :i* comes f n kn[+ ! ,ca?olic doctr9e 9 its fulness4 ,i %all n lay x d[n myself1 le/ x seem to h be5 gott5 up = ! occasion4 ,i %all quote ! great !ologian ,becanus1 :o taught ! doctr9e ( ! s*ools ( ,ca?olic ,!ology at ! "t :5 ! /ruggle 0 hotte/ betwe5 ,ca?olicity & ,prote/antism4 ,he says t religi\s lib]ty may be tol]at$ by a rul] :5 x w\ld d m h>m to ! /ate or to ! community to repress x4 ,! rul] may ev5 ent] into a compact 9 ord] to secure to 8 subjects ?is fre$om 9 religi\s matt]s2 & :5 once a compact is made x mu/ be obs]v$ absolutely 9 e po9t1 j z e o!r lawful & hone/ contract47#cja7 ,?is is ! true ,ca?olic tea*+ on ?is po9t1 accord+ to ,becanus & all ,ca?olic !ologians4 ,s t if ,ca?olics %\ld ga9 ! majority 9 a community :]e fre$om ( consci5ce is already secur$ to all by law1 _! v religion obliges !m to respect ! rights ?us acquir$ by _! fell[-citiz5s4 ,:at dang] c !re be1 !n1 = ,prote/ants1 if ,ca?olics %\ld be 9 ! majority "h8 ,_! appreh5sions are ! result ( va9 fe>s1 :i* no hone/ m9d ought any long] to h>bor4 ,! ,*ur* has n only respect$ ! consci5ce ( ! p 9 embrac+ ! religion ( _! *oice1 b %e has also def5d$ _! civil rights & lib]ties aga9/ ! encroa*m5ts ( temporal sov]eigns4 ,"o ( ! popul> errors t h tak5 possession ( "s m9ds 9 our times is t 9 =m] days ! ,*ur* 0 leagu$ ) pr9ces = ! oppression ( ! p4 ,?is is a base calumny1 :i* a slight acqua9tance ) ecclesia/ical hi/ory w\ld soon dispel4 ,! tru? is1 ! mo/ unrel5t+ enemies ( ! ,*ur* h be5 ! pr9ces ( ?is _w1 & s-call$ ,*ri/ians pr9ces1 too4 ,! conflict betwe5 ,*ur* & ,/ate has nev] di$ out1 because ! ,*ur* has felt x to be h] duty1 9 e age1 to raise h] voice aga9/ ! despotic & arbitr>y measures ( pr9ces4 ,_m ( !m *af$ "u ! salut>y discipl9e ( ! ,*ur*4 ,!y wi%$ to be rid ( h] yoke4 ,!y desir$ to be gov]n$ by no law except ! law ( _! lic5ti\s passions & b\ndless ambitions4 ,& z a ,prote/ant ,am]ican review]7#cjb7 well said ab\t =ty ye>s ago1 x 0 a bless+ ( ,provid5ce t !re 0 a spiritual ,p[] on e>? t c\ld /& l a wall ( brass aga9/ ! tyranny ( e>?ly sov]eigns & say to !m3 8,?us f> y %all g1 & no f>!r1 & "h y %all break y\r swell+ waves0 ( passion2 a ,p[] t c\ld say to !m :at ,john said to ,h]od3 8,?is ?+ is n lawful = !e20 a ,p[] t po9t$ ! f+] ( repro( to !m1 ev5 :5 ! sword 0 po9t$ to h] own neck1 & t said to !m :at ,na?an said to ,david3 8,?\ art ! man40 ,%e told pr9ces t if ! p h _! obligations !y h _! rights1 too2 t if ! subject mu/ r5d] to ,cs> ! ?+s t are ,cs>'s1 ,cs> mu/ r5d] to ,god ! ?+s t art ,god's4 ,yes2 ! ,*ur*1 :ile pursu+ h] ,div9e mission ( lead+ s\ls to ,god1 has ev] be5 ! def5d] ( ! p's rights4 ,/4 ,ambrose1 ,ar*bi%op ( ,milan1 af=ds u a /rik+ in/ance ( ! /r5u\s ef=ts made by ! ,ca?olic ,*ur* 9 v9dicat+ ! int]e/s ( ! citiz5 aga9/ ! oppression ( rul]s4 ,a portion ( ! p ( ,!ssalonica _h committ$ an outrage aga9/ ! j au?ority ( ! ,emp]or ,!odosius4 ,! (f5ce ( ^? citiz5s 0 inde$ mo/ repreh5sible2 b ! ,emp]or requit$ ! insult (f]$ to him by a %ock+ & disproportion$ act ( retribution1 :i* has left an indelible /a9 ^u 8 o!rwise excell5t "*4 ,! inhabitants 7 assembl$ toge!r = ! o/5sible purpose ( witness+ a *>iot race1 & at a giv5 signal ! soldi]y fell ^u ! p & involv$ m51 wom5 & *ildr5 9 an indiscrim9ate massacre1 to ! numb] ( ab\t sev5 ?\s&4 ,"s "t aft] ! ,emp]or pres5t$ himself at ! ,ca!dral ( ,milan2 b ! intrepid ,prelate told him t 8 h&s 7 dripp+ ) ! blood ( 8 subjects1 & =bade him entrance to ! *ur* till he _h made all ! rep>ation 9 8 p[] to ! afflict$ p ( ,!ssalonica4 ,p affect to be %ock$ at ! s5t5ce ( ex-communication occasionally inflict$ by ! ,*ur* on evil-do]s4 ,"h is an in/ance ( ?is p5alty4 ,:o c compla9 ( x z be+ too sev]e8 ,x 0 a salut>y puni%m5t & ! only "o t c\ld br+ rul]s to a s5se ( duty4 ,! greate/ bulw>k ( civil lib]ty is ! fam\s ,magna ,*>ta4 ,x is ! f\ndation n only ( ,briti%1 b also ( ,am]ican con/itutional fre$om4 ,among o!r bless+s conta9$ 9 ?is in/rum5t x e/abli%es trial by jury & ! "r ( ,habeas ,corpus1 & provides t !re %all be no taxation )\t repres5tation4 ,:o 7 ! fram]s ( ?is memorable *>t]8 ,ar*bi%op ,langton1 ( ,cant]bury1 & ! ,ca?olic ,b>ons ( ,engl&4 ,on ! pla9s ( ,runnym$e1 9 #abae1 !y compell$ ,k+ ,john to sign t pap] :i* 0 ! dea?-bl[ to 8 arbitr>y p[] & ! corn]/one ( con/itutional gov]nm5t4 ,turn+ to our own c\ntry1 x is ) no small degree ( satisfaction t ,i po9t to ! ,/ate ( ,m>yl& z ! cradle ( civil & religi\s lib]ty & ! 8l& ( ! sanctu>y40 ,( ! ?irte5 orig9al ,am]ican ,colonies1 ,m>yl& 0 ! only "o settl$ by ,ca?olics4 ,%e 01 also1 ! only "o t rais$ al(t ov] h] fair l&s ! bann] ( lib]ty ( consci5ce1 & t invit$ ! oppress$ ( o!r colonies to seek an asylum b5ea? its %ad[4 ,le/ ,i %\ld be suspect$ ( be+ too p>tial 9 my praise ( ,m>yl& tol]ation1 ,i %all take mo/ ( my hi/orical facts f ,bancr(t1 a ,new ,engl& ,prote/ant cl]gyman4 ,,note--,! fir/ edition ( ,bancr(t's ,hi/ory 0 publi%$ 9 #ahcd4 ,f t date till ne>ly half a c5tury aft]w>d upw>ds ( tw5ty editions 7 issu$1 all ( :i* reta9 ! passages ,i h cit$ on ,m>yl& tol]ation4 ,e>ly 9 ! #hjs a new edition 0 giv5 out1 :i* omits or abridges "s ( ! passages quot$ 9 ?is *apt]4 ,i may add t all ( ,bancr(t's eulogies ( ,"l ,baltimore's b5evol5t adm9i/ration are borne out by ! orig9al docum5ts1 & by ,mc,mahon1 ,bozman & ,mc,sherry1 & o!r hi/orians ( ,m>yl&4 ,leon>d ,calv]t1 ! bro!r ( ,"l ,baltimore & ! lead] ( ! ,ca?olic colony1 hav+ sail$ f ,engl& 9 ! ,ark & ! ,dove1 rea*$ 8 de/9ation on ! ,potomac 9 ,m>*1 #afcd4 8,! ,ca?olics took quiet possession ( ! little place1 & religi\s lib]ty obta9$ a home1 its only home 9 ! wide _w1 at ! humble village :i* bore ! "n ( ,/4 ,m>y407#cjc7 8,! f\ndation ( ! colony ( ,m>yl& 0 peacefully & happily laid4 ,)9 six mon?s x _h advanc$ m ?an ,virg9ia _h done 9 z _m ye>s4444 ,b f> m memorable 0 ! "* ( ! ,m>yl& in/itutions4 ,e o!r c\ntry 9 ! _w _h p]secut+ laws2 b ?r\gh ! b5ign adm9i/ration ( ! gov]nm5t ( t prov9ce1 no p]son pr(ess+ to believe 9 ,jesus ,*ri/ 0 p]mitt$ to be mole/$ on acc\nt ( religion4 ,"u ! munific5ce & sup]9t5d+ mildness ( ,"l ,baltimore1 a dre>y wild]ness 0 soon quick5$ ) ! sw>m+ life & activity ( prosp]\s settlem5ts2 ! ,roman ,ca?olics :o 7 oppress$ by ! laws ( ,engl& 7 sure to f9d a peaceful asylum 9 ! quiet h>bors ( ! ,*esapeake2 & !re too1 ,prote/ants 7 %elt]$ aga9/ ,prote/ant intol]ance4 ,su* 7 ! beautiful auspices "u :i* ,m>yl& />t$ into be+4444 ,its hi/ory is ! hi/ory ( b5evol5ce1 gratitude & tol]ation40 8,m>yl& 0 ! abode ( happ9ess & lib]ty4 ,consci5ce 0 )\t re/ra9t4 ,a mild & lib]al propriet>y conc$$ e measure :i* ! welf>e ( ! colony requir$2 dome/ic union1 a happy conc]t betwe5 all ! bran*es ( gov]nm5t1 an increas+ emigration1 a productive comm]ce1 a f]tile soil1 :i* heav5 _h ri*ly favor$ ) riv]s & deep bays1 unit$ to p]fect ! sc5e ( colonial felicity4 ,ev] int5t on advanc+ ! int]e/s ( 8 colony1 ,"l ,baltimore invit$ ! ,puritans ( ,massa*usetts to emigrate to ,m>yl&1 (f]+ !m l&s & privileges & free lib]ty ( religion2 b ,gibbons1 to :om he _h =w>d$ ! commission1 0 s :olly tutor$ 9 ! ,new ,engl& discipl9e1 t he w\ld n advance ! wi%es ( ! ,iri% ,pe]1 & s ! invitation 0 decl9$407#cjd7 ,on ! #b;d ( ,april1 #afdi1 ! ,g5]al ,assembly ( ,m>yl& pass$ ! foll[+ ,act1 :i* w reflect unfad+ glory on t ,/ate z long z lib]ty is *]i%$ 9 ! he>ts ( m54 8,:]eas1 ! en=c+ ( consci5ce 9 matt]s ( religion ha? frequ5tly fall5 out to be ( dang]\s consequ5ce 9 ^? commonweal?s :]e x has be5 practic$1 & = ! m quiet & peaceable gov]nm5t ( ?is prov9ce1 & ! bett] to pres]ve mutual love & unity among/ ! inhabitants1 no p]son :atsoev] )9 ?is prov9ce pr(ess+ to believe 9 ,jesus ,*ri/ %all f h5ce=? be anyways tr\bl$ or mole/$ = 8 or h] religion1 nor 9 ! free ex]cise !re(1 nor anyway compell$ to ! belief or ex]cise ( any o!r religion aga9/ 8 or h] cons5t407#cje7 ,^u ?is noble /atute ,bancr(t makes ! foll[+ c&id & judici\s comm5t3 8,! design ( ! law ( ,m>yl& 0 to protect fre$om ( consci5ce2 & "s ye>s aft] x _h be5 confirm$ ! apologi/ ( ,"l ,baltimore c\ld ass]t t 8 gov]nm5t _h nev] giv5 di/urbance to any p]son 9 ,m>yl& = matt] ( religion2 t ! coloni/s enjoy$ fre$om ( consci5ce1 n less ?an fre$om ( p]son & e/ate1 z amply z ev] any p 9 any place ( ! _w4 ,! disfran*is$ fri5ds ( ,prelacy f ,massa*usetts & ! ,puritans f ,virg9ia 7 welcom$ to equal lib]ty ( consci5ce & political rights 9 ! ,roman ,ca?olic prov9ce ( ,m>yl&407#cjf7 ,five ye>s lat]1 :5 ! ,puritans ga9$ ! asc5d5cy 9 ,m>yl&1 !y 7 guilty ( ! infam\s +ratitude ( disfran*is+ ! v ,ca?olic settl]s by :om !y _h be5 s hospitably ent]ta9$4 ,!y 8_h nei!r ! gratitude to respect ! rights ( ! gov]nm5t by :i* !y _h be5 receiv$ & fo/]$1 nor magnanimity to cont9ue ! tol]ation to :i* alone !y 7 indebt$ = _! resid5ce 9 ! colony4 ,an act conc]n+ religion =bade lib]ty ( consci5ce to be ext5d$ to #8,pop]y1' #8,prelacy1' or #8lic5ti\sness ( op9ion4' 07#cjg7 ,i %all also quote f 8,m>yl&1 ! ,hi/ory ( a ,palat9ate10 by ,william ,h& ,br[ne47#cjh7 ,mr4 ,br[ne 0 a graduate ( ! ,univ]sity ( ,m>yl&4 ,= sev]al ye>s he 0 editor ( ! ,m>yl& ,ar*ives1 & ( ! ,m>yl& ,hi/orical ,society4 ,he became aft]w>d ,pr(essor ( ,engli% ,lit]ature 9 ! ,johns ,hopk9s ,univ]sity4 ,he devot$ 8 long life to ! ,colonial hi/ory ( ,m>yl&1 & is ju/ly recogniz$ z a /&>d au?ority on t subject4 ,i may add t he _c be suspect$ ( undue p>tiality1 z he 0 n a memb] ( ! ,ca?olic ,*ur*4 ,speak+ ( ,calv]t1 ! ,propriet>y ( ! ,m>yl& ,colony1 ! au?or rem>ks t 8:ile z yet !re 0 no spot 9 ,*ri/5dom :]e religi\s belief 0 free1 & :5 ev5 ! ,commons ( ,engl& _h op5ly decl>$ aga9/ tol]ation1 ,calv]t f\nd$ a community :]e9 no man 0 to be mole/$ = 8 fai?4 ,at a "t :5 absolutism _h /ruck d[n repres5tative gov]nm5t 9 ,engl& & x 0 d\btful if a ,p>liam5t ( freem5 w\ld ev] meet aga91 he f\nd$ a community 9 :i* no laws 7 to be made )\t ! cons5t ( ! freem54 ,! ,ark & ! ,dove 7 names ( happy om54 ,! "o sav$ f ! g5]al wreck ! g]ms ( political lib]ty2 & ! o!r bore ! olive bran* ( religi\s peace407#cji7 ,:5 ! rule ( ! ,ca?olic ,propriet>y 0 ov]?r[n & ! ,puritans _h ga9$ ! asc5d5cy 9 ! ,prov9ce1 ! new ,commission]s issu$ writs ( election to a g5]al assembly--writs ( a t5or hi!rto unkn[n 9 ,m>yl&4 ,no man ( ! ,roman ,ca?olic fai? c\ld be elect$ z a burgess1 or ev5 ca/ a vote4 ,! ,assembly obta9$ by ?is process ( selection1 ju/ifi$ its *oice4 ,x at once repeal$ ! ,tol]ation ,act ( #afdi & creat$ a new "o1 m to its m9d1 :i* also bore ! title3 8,an ,act conc]n+ ,religion10 b x 0 tol]ation ) a diff]5ce4 ,x provid$ t none :o pr(ess$ ! ,popi% religion %\ld be protect$ 9 ! ,prov9ce1 b 7 to be re/ra9$ f ! ex]cise !re(4 ,= ,prote/ants x provid$ t no "o pr(ess+ fai? 9 ,*ri/ 0 to be re/ra9$ f ! ex]cise ( 8 religion1 8provid$ t ?is lib]ty be n ext5d$ to ,pop]y1 or ,prelacy1 nor to su* z "u ! pr(ession ( ,*ri/1 hold =? & practice lic5ti\sness4 ,t is1 ) ! exception ( ! ,roman ,ca?olics & *ur*m51 toge!r ) ! ,br[ni/s1 ,quak]s1 ,anabapti/s1 & o!r miscellane\s ,prote/ant sects1 all o!rs might pr(ess _! fai? )\t mole/ation407#caj7 ,aft] ! ov]?r[ ( ! ,puritan au?ority1 & ! adv5t to p[] ( ! memb]s ( ! ,*ur* ( ,engl&1 ! second act ( ! ,assembly 0 to make ! ,prote/ant ,episcopal ,*ur* ! e/abli%$ *ur* ( ! ,prov9ce4 ,! ,act impos$ an annual tax ( =ty p\nds ( tobacco p] poll on all taxables = ! purpose ( build+ *ur*es1 & ma9ta9+ ! cl]gy4 ,9 #agjb x 0 re-enact$ ) a tol]ation clause3 8,prote/ant ,diss5t]s & ,quak]s 7 exempt$ f ! p5alties & disabilities1 & might h sep>ate meet+-h\ses1 provid$ t !y paid _! =ty p\nds p] poll to support ! ,e/abli%$ ,*ur*4 ,z = ! #8,papi/s1' x is ne$less to say t !re 0 no exemption nor lic5se = !m407#caa7 ,! au?or !n sets be=e u ! ?ree k9ds ( tol]ation1 l ?ree portraits1 s t _! di/9ctive features appe> 9 bold relief4 8,we may n[10 he says1 8place side by side ! ?ree tol]ations ( ,m>yl&40 ,! tol]ation ( ! 7,ca?olic7 ,propriet>ies la/$ fifty ye>s1 & "u x all believ]s 9 ,*ri/ 7 equal be=e ! law1 & all support to *ur*es or m9i/]s 0 volunt>y4 ,! ,puritan tol]ation la/$ six ye>s1 & includ$ all b ,papi/s1 ,prelati/s & ^? :o held objectional doctr9es4 ,! ,anglican tol]ation la/$ eighty ye>s1 & _h glebes & *ur*es = ! ,e/abli%m5t1 connivance = ,diss5t]s1 ! p5al laws = ,ca?olics1 & = all1 ! =ty p] poll4 ,9 fact1 an additional turn 0 giv5 to ! screw 9 ?is ye>2 ! oa? ( 8abhorr5cy10 a m (f5sive =m ( ! oa? ( supremacy1 be+ requir$1 beside ! oa? ( allegiance1 & = "o ?+1 no ,ca?olic attorney 0 all[$ to practise 9 ! ,prov9ce47#cab7 ,:5 ! memb]s ( ! ,con/itutional ,conv5tion decl>$ 9 #aghg1 t 8,congress %all make no law respect+ an e/abli%m5t ( religion1 or prohibit+ ! free ex]cise !re(10 x is wor?y ( note t !y 7 e*o+ ! s5tim5ts1 & ev5 repeat+ ! language ( ! ,m>yl& ,assembly ( #afdi1 :i* decl>$ t 8,no p]son :atsoev] )9 ?is ,prov9ce1 pr(ess+ to believe 9 ,jesus ,*ri/1 %all f h5ce=? be any ways mole/$ = 8 or h] religion1 nor 9 ! free ex]cise !re(40 ,we may !re=e affirm t ,"l ,baltimore's ,tol]ation ,act ( #afdi 0 ! bright dawn t u%]$ 9 ! noon-day sun ( fre$om 9 #aghg4 ,& we h e reason to believe t ! ,propriet>y's *>t] ( lib]ty ) its att5dant bless+s1 s]v$ z an example1 an inc5tive1 & an inspiration to "s at lea/ ( ! fram]s ( ! ,con/itution1 to ext5d ov] ! new ,republic1 ! preci\s boon ( civil & religi\s lib]ty4 ,x is prop] to also obs]ve t ! ,act ( #afdi 0 n a new decl>ation ( religi\s fre$om on ! "p ( ,"l ,baltimore's adm9i/ration1 b 0 a solemn affirmation ( ! tol]ation grant$ by ! ,ca?olic ,propriet>y f ! beg9n+ ( ! ,settlem5t 9 #afcd4 ,i w close ?is subject 9 ! words ( a di/+ui%$ memb] ( ! ,m>yl& ,hi/orical ,society3 8,high] ?an all titles & badges ( honor1 & m exalt$ ?an royal nobility is ! imp]i%able di/9ction :i* ! passage ( ?is broad & lib]al ,act won = ,m>yl&1 & = ! memb]s ( t nev]-to-be-=gott5 session1 & sacr$ =ev] be ! hall[$ spot :i* gave x bir?407#cac7 ,:at %all ,i say ( ! prom95t "p t 0 tak5 by di/+ui%$ repres5tatives ( ! ,ca?olic ,*ur* 9 ! cause ( our ,am]ican ,indep5d5ce8 ,:at %all ,i say ( ,*>les ,c>roll ( ,c>rollton1 :o1 at ! risk ( sacrific+ 8 ri* e/ates1 sign$ ! ,decl>ation ( ,indep5d5ce2 ( ,rev4 ,john ,c>roll1 aft]w>d ! fir/ ,ar*bi%op ( ,baltimore1 :o1 ) 8 c\s9 ,*>les ,c>roll & ,b5jam9 ,frankl91 0 s5t by ,congress to ,canada to secure ! co-op]ation ( ! p ( t prov9ce 9 ! /ruggle = lib]ty2 ( ,kosciusko1 ,lafayette1 ,pulaski1 ,b>ry & a ho/ ( o!r ,ca?olic h]oes :o labor$ s effectually 9 ! same glori\s cause8 ,am]ican patriots )\t numb] ! ,*ur* has nurs$ 9 h] bosom2 a traitor1 nev]4 ,! ,fa!r ( 8 ,c\ntry 0 n unm9dful ( ^! s]vices4 ,%ortly aft] 8 election to ! ,presid5cy1 reply+7#cad7 to an address ( 8 ,ca?olic fell[-citiz5s1 he uses ! foll[+ language3 8,i presume t y\r fell[-citiz5s w n =get ! patriotic "p :i* y took 9 ! accompli%m5t ( _! revolution1 & ! e/abli%m5t ( _! gov]nm5t2 or ! important assi/ance !y receiv$ f a nation 9 :i* ! ,roman ,ca?olic fai? is pr(ess$40 ,& ! ,ca?olics ( our g5]ation h nobly emulat$ ! patriotism & ! _s ( tol]ation exhibit$ by _! ance/ors4 ,!y c nei!r be accus$ ( disloyalty nor ( intol]ance to _! diss5t+ bre?r54 ,9 m ?an "o in/ance ( our nation's hi/ory our *ur*es h be5 desecrat$ & burn$ to ! gr\nd2 our conv5ts h be5 invad$ & de/roy$2 our cl]gy h be5 expos$ to insult & viol5ce4 ,^! injuries h be5 inflict$ on u by inc5di>y mobs animat$ by hatr$ ( ,ca?olicism4 ,yet1 9 spite ( ^! provocations1 our ,ca?olic citiz5s1 ?\gh wield+ an imm5se num]ical influ5ce 9 ! localities :]e !y suff]$1 h nev] retaliat$4 ,x is 9 a _s ( j pride t we c affirm t hi!rto 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates no ,prote/ant h\se ( wor%ip or educational in/itution has be5 de/roy$1 nor viol5ce (f]$ to a ,prote/ant m9i/] by ^? :o pr(ess ! ,ca?olic fai?4 ,god grant t su* may always be our record6 ,x is j because ! ,*ur* has ev] resi/$ ! tyranny ( k+s1 9 _! encroa*m5ts on ! sacr$ rights ( consci5ce1 t %e has always be5 ! victim ( royal p]secution4 ,9 e age1 9 ! language ( ! ,psalmi/1 8! k+s ( ! e>? rose up1 & ! pr9ces assembl$ toge!r aga9/ ! ,"l & aga9/ ,8 ,*ri/407#cae7 ,! brighte/ & mo/ ?rill+ pages ( ecclesia/ical hi/ory are ^? :i* record ! suff]+s ( ,popes & ,prelates at ! h&s ( temporal sov]eigns = consci5ce' & = ju/ice' sake4 ,take1 = in/ance1 ,/4 ,john ,*ryso/om1 ! great ,ar*bi%op ( ,con/ant9ople 9 ! fif? c5tury1 & ! idol ( ! p4 ,he _h ! c\rage1 l ,john ! ,bapti/1 to raise 8 eloqu5t voice aga9/ ! lascivi\sness ( ! c\rt1 & p>ticul>ly aga9/ ! ,empress ,eudoxia1 :o rul$ l ano!r ,jezabel4 ,he 0 bani%$ f 8 ,see1 treat$ ) ! utmo/ indignity by ! soldi]s1 & di$ 9 exile f %e] exhau/ion & ill-treatm5t4 ,witness ,pope ,gregory ,,vii41 ! fe>less ,hildebr&1 9 8 life-long /ruggle ) ! ,g]man ,emp]or1 ,h5ry ,,iv4 ,gregory direct$ all ! en]gies ( 8 great m9d t[>ds re=m+ ! abuses :i* _h crept into ! *ur* ( ,france & ,g]many 9 ! elev5? c5tury4 ,9 ^? days ! ,emp]or ( ,g]many assum$ ! "r ( nam+ or appo9t+ ,bi%ops ?r\gh\t 8 ,empire4 ,?is sacr$ (fice 0 commonly be/[$ on v unwor?y c&idates1 & v (t5 put up at auction1 to be sold to ! highe/ bidd]1 z is n[ ! case ) ! s*ismatic ,greek *ur* 9 ,turkey4 ,^! ,bi%ops too (t5 repaid _! imp]ial b5efactor by p&]+ to 8 passions & by ! mo/ s]vile flatt]y4 ,! intrepid ,pope p>tially succe$$ 9 uproot+ ! evil1 ?\gh ! ef=t co/ him 8 life4 ,! ,emp]or invad$ ,rome & drove ,gregory f 8 ,see1 :o di$ utt]+ ^! words ) 8 la/ brea?3 8,i h lov$ ju/ice & hat$ iniquity1 & !re=e ,i die 9 exile40 ,= ! same cause ,?omas ,becket1 ,ar*bi%op ( ,cant]bury1 0 sla9 at ! alt> by ! hir$ assass9s ( ,h5ry ,,ii41 ( ,engl&4 ,obs]ve h[ ,pius ,,vii4 0 treat$ by ! fir/ ,napoleon 9 ! beg9n+ ( ! pres5t c5tury4 ,! day-dream ( ,napoleon 0 to be ma/] ( ,europe1 & to place 8 bro!rs & fri5ds on ! ?rones ( ! cont95t1 t !y might revolve1 l s _m satellites1 ar\nd 8 ?rone 9 ,france4 ,napoleon makes two dem&s on ! v5]able ,pontiff3 ,fir/--,t he dissolve ! m>riage :i* _h be5 contract$ betwe5 ! ,emp]or's bro!r1 ,j]ome1 & ,miss ,patt]son1 ( ,baltimore4 ,8 o/5sible reason = hav+ ! m>riage dissolv$ 0 because ,miss ,patt]son 0 a ,prote/ant1 b 8 real motive 0 to secure a royal bride = 8 bro!r in/ead ( an ,am]ican lady4 ,second--,t he close 8 ports aga9/ ! comm]ce ( ,engl&1 ) :i* nation ,napoleon 0 !n at w>1 & make common cause ) ! ,emp]or aga9/ 8 enemies4 ,! ,pope reject$ bo? dem&s4 ,he told ! ,emp]or t ! ,*ur* held all m>riages p]=m$ by h] z indissoluble1 ev5 :5 "o ( ! p>ties 0 n a ,ca?olic2 & t1 z ! common fa!r ( ,*ri/5dom1 he c\ld close 8 port aga9/ no ,*ri/ian p[]4 ,= refus+ to comply ) ?is second dem& ! ,pope 0 arre/$ & s5t into exile1 :]e he l+]$ = ye>s4 ,at ?is v mom5t ! old conflict betwe5 ! ,*ur* & despotic gov]nm5ts is rag+ fi]cely ?r\gh\t ,europe4 ,! sc5e enact$ by ,john & ,h]od is today reproduc$ 9 almo/ e k+dom ( ! old _w4 ,x is ! old fight betwe5 brute =ce & ! ,god-giv5 rights ( consci5ce4 ,9 ,russia we see ! ,bi%op ( ,plock exil$ = life f 8 ,see to ,sib]ia4 ,8 only (f5ce is 8 refusal to ackn[l$ge t ! ,emp]or ,alex&] is ! head ( ! ,*ri/ian ,*ur*4 ,if we pass ov] into ,italy we see religi\s m5 & wom5 driv5 f _! homes2 _! h\ses & libr>ies confiscat$--libr>ies :i* pi\s & le>n$ m5 _h be5 collect+ & consult+ = ages4 ,! only crime ( ^? religi\s is t !y h n ! p[] to resi/ brute =ce4 ,cross ! ,alps into ,france & !re y w see t _m-head$ mon/]1 ! ,commune1 assass9at+ ! ,ar*bi%op ( ,p>is & 8 cl]gy1 solely because he & !y 7 ! repres5tatives ( law & ord]4 ,9 ! ,republic ( ,switz]l& ,bi%op ,m]millod is expell$ f ,g5eva )\t ! slighte/ *>ge adduc$ aga9/ 8 "* z a citiz5 & a ,*ri/ian ,prelate4 ,fai?ful cl]gym5 are depriv$ by ! gov]nm5t ( _! p>o*ial rights & r5egade ,prie/s are intrud$ 9 _! place4 ,! %eph]d is driv5 away & wolves lay wa/e ! fold4 ,g to ,prussia2 :at d y behold !re8 ,a ,prime ,m9i/] flu%$ ) 8 rec5t victories ov] ,france4 ,he is n cont5t ) see+ 8 ma/] we> ! imp]ial cr[n ( ,g]many2 he wants him to we> also ! ti>a ( ! ,pope4 ,bism>ck1 l ,aman1 ! m9i/] ( ,k+ ,assu]us1 is n satisfi$ ) be+ second 9 ! k+dom s long z ,m>do*ai1 t is ! ,*ur*1 refuses to b[ d[n & wor%ip him4 ,he f9es ! v5]able ,ar*bi%op ( ,gnes5-,pos5 & o!r ,prussian ,prelates aga9 & aga91 sells _! furniture & f9ally s5ds !m to prison = a protract$ p]iod4 ,/4 ,john ,*ryso/om beautifully rem>ks t ,/4 ,paul1 elevat$ to ! ?ird heav51 0 glori\s to contemplate2 b t f> m glori\s is ,paul buri$ 9 ! dungeons ( ,rome4 ,i c say 9 l mann]1 ( ,ar*bi%op ,l$o*[ski ( ,pos51 t he 0 conspicu\s 9 ! ,vatican ,c\ncil among 8 pe]s2 b he 0 /ill m conspicu\s sitt+ solit>y 9 8 ,prussian prison4 ,! loyalty ( ! ,prussian cl]gy is above reproa*4 ,! ,bi%ops are imprison$ because !y insi/ on ! "r ( educat+ /ud5ts = ! m9i/ry1 orda9+ & appo9t+ cl]gy1 )\t consult+ ! gov]nm5t4 ,!y are d5i$ a "r :i* 9 ?is c\ntry is possess$ by ,free ,masons & e o!r human organization 9 ! l&4 ,p]haps a simple illu/ration w pres5t to y 9 a cle>] light ! odi\s "* ( ! p5al laws to :i* ,i h allud$4 ,suppose ! gov]nm5t ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates 7 to issue a g5]al ord] requir+ ! cl]gy ( ! v>i\s ,*ri/ian d5om9ations to be educat$ 9 gov]nm5t e/abli%m5ts1 =c+ !m to take an oa? be=e ent]+ on ! duties ( ! m9i/ry1 & =bidd+ ! ecclesia/ical au?orities to appo9t or remove any cl]gyman )\t p]mission ( ! civil p[] at ,wa%+ton4 ,w\ld n ! ,am]ican p rise up 9 _! might be=e !y w\ld submit to h fett]s s gall+ =g$ on _! consci5ce8 ,& yet ?is is precisely ! odi\s legislation :i* ! ,prussian gov]nm5t is enact+ aga9/ ! ,*ur*4 ,& ! ,ca?olic ,*ur*1 9 resi/+ ^! laws1 is n only fight+ h] own battles1 b %e is cont5d+ = ! pr9ciple ( fre$om ( consci5ce ev]y:]e4 ,b1 ?ank ,god1 we live 9 a c\ntry :]e lib]ty ( consci5ce is respect$1 & :]e ! civil con/itution holds ov] u ! gis ( h] protection1 )\t int]m$dl+ ) ecclesia/ical affairs4 ,f my he>t1 ,i say3 ,am]ica1 ) all ?y faults1 ,i love !e /ill4 ,p]haps at ?is mom5t !re is no nation on ! face ( ! e>? :]e ! ,*ur* is less trammell$1 & :]e %e has m lib]ty to c>ry out h] sublime de/9y ?an 9 ^! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,= my "p1 ,i mu* pref] ! sy/em :i* prevails 9 ?is c\ntry1 :]e ! temporal ne$s ( ! ,*ur* are suppli$ by volunt>y contributions ( ! fai?ful1 to ! sy/em :i* obta9s 9 "s ,ca?olic c\ntries ( ,europe1 :]e ! ,*ur* is support$ by ! gov]nm5t1 !reby mak+ feeble rep>ation = ! gross inju/ice x has done to ! ,*ur* by its =m] :olesale confiscation ( ecclesia/ical prop]ty4 ,& ! ,*ur* pays de>ly = ?is indemnity1 = %e has to be> ! p]petual attempts at int]f]5ce & ! vexati\s enactm5ts ( ! civil p[]1 :i* aims at mak+ h] :olly dep5d5t ^u itself4 ,"s ye>s ago1 on my return f ,rome1 9 company ) ! late ,ar*bi%op ,spald+ ,i paid a visit to ! ,bi%op ( ,annecy1 9 ,savoy4 ,i 0 /ruck by ! spl5dor ( 8 palace & saw a s5t9el at ! door1 plac$ !re by ! ,fr5* gov]nm5t z a gu>d ( honor4 ,b ! v5]able ,bi%op soon disabus$ me ( my favorable impressions4 ,he told me t he 0 9 a /ate ( gild$ slav]y4 ,i _c1 said he1 build z mu* z a sacri/y )\t obta9+ p]mission ( ! gov]nm5t4 ,i d n wi% to see ! day :5 ! ,*ur* w invoke or receive any gov]nm5t aid to build our *ur*es1 or to pay ! sal>y ( our cl]gy1 = ! gov]nm5t may !n beg9 to dictate to u :at doctr9es we ought to prea*4 ,if x is a great wrong to muzzle ! press1 x is a great] wrong to muzzle ! pulpit4 ,no am\nt ( ,/ate subsidy w\ld comp5sate = ! evils result+ f ! ,gov]nm5t c5sor%ip ( ! ,gospel1 & ! suppression ( ,apo/olic fre$om 9 proclaim+ x4 ,/4 ,paul exults 9 ! decl>ation t1 ?\gh he is p]sonally 9 *a9s1 ! ^w ( ,god is n en*a9$47#caf7 ,& moreov]1 9 proportion z ,/ate patronage w\ld increase1 ! sympa?y & aid ( ! fai?ful w\ld dim9i%4 ,may ! happy condition ( ?+s n[ exi/+ among u always cont9ue1 9 :i* ! relations betwe5 ! cl]gy & ! p w be direct & imm$iate1 9 :i* ,bi%ops & ,prie/s w be/[ ^u _! spiritual *ildr5 _! volunt>y labors1 _! t5d] solicitude1 _! pat]nal affection1 & p\r out l wat] _! he>ts' blood1 if necess>y2 & 9 :i* !y w receive 9 return ! free-w (f]+s--! devotion & gratitude ( a filial p4 ,*apt] ,,xviii4 ,,*>ges ,,( ,,religi\s ,,p]secution4 ,i4 ,! ,spani% ,inquisition4 ,b did n ! ,spani% ,inquisition ex]cise enorm\s cruelties aga9/ h]etics & ,jews8 ,i am n ! apologi/ ( ! ,spani% ,inquisition1 & ,i h no desire to palliate or excuse ! excesses into :i* t tribunal may at times h fall54 ,f my he>t ,i abhor & d5\nce e species ( viol5ce1 & inju/ice1 & p]secution ( :i* ! ,spani% ,inquisition may h be5 guilty4 ,& 9 rais+ my voice aga9/ co]cion = consci5ce' sake ,i am express+ n only my own s5tim5ts1 b ^? ( e ,ca?olic ,prie/ & layman 9 ! l&4 ,our ,ca?olic ance/ors1 = ! la/ ?ree hundr$ ye>s1 h suff]$ s mu* = fre$om ( consci5ce t !y w\ld rise up 9 judgm5t aga9/ u 7 we to become ! advocates & def5d]s ( religi\s p]secution4 ,we w\ld be a disgrace to our sires 7 we to trample on ! pr9ciple ( lib]ty :i* !y held de>] ?an life4 ,:5 ,i d5\nce ! cruelties ( ! ,inquisition ,i am n /&+ alo( f ! ,*ur*1 b ,i am tread+ 9 h] footpr9ts4 ,blood%$ & p]secution =m no "p ( ! cre$ ( ! ,ca?olic ,*ur*4 ,s mu* does %e abhor ! %$d+ ( blood t a man becomes disqualifi$ to s]ve z a m9i/] at h] alt>s :o1 by act or c\nsel1 volunt>ily %$s ! blood ( ano!r4 ,be=e y c convict ! ,*ur* ( intol]ance y mu/ fir/ br+ =w>d "s au!ntic act ( h] ,popes or ,c\ncils sanction+ ! policy ( v5geance4 ,9 all my read+s ,i h yet to f9d "o decree ( h]s advocat+ torture or dea? = consci5ce' sake4 ,%e is inde$ intol]ant ( error2 b h] only weapons aga9/ error are ^? po9t$ out by ,/4 ,paul to ,timo?y3 8,prea* ! ^w2 be in/ant 9 season1 out ( season2 reprove1 entreat2 rebuke ) all pati5ce & doctr9e407#cag7 ,b y w tell me3 ,7 n ! au?ors ( ! ,inquisition *ildr5 ( ! ,*ur*1 & did !y n ex]cise _! enormities 9 h] "n8 ,grant$4 ,b ,i ask y3 ,is x j or fair to hold ! ,*ur* responsible = ^? acts ( h] *ildr5 :i* %e dis[ns8 ,y d n d5\nce lib]ty z mock]y because _m crimes are committ$ 9 h] "n2 nei!r d y hold a fa!r acc\ntable = ! s9s ( 8 disob$i5t *ildr54 ,we %\ld also be> 9 m9d t ! ,spani>ds 7 n ! only p :o h proscrib$ m5 = ! ex]cise ( _! religi\s belief4 ,if we calmly /udy ! hi/ory ( o!r nations our enmity t[>ds ,spa9 w consid]ably relax1 & we %all h to res]ve = h] neighbors a portion ( our indignation4 ,no imp>tial /ud5t ( hi/ory w d5y t ! lead]s ( ! re=m$ religions1 :5ev] !y ga9$ ! asc5d5cy1 ex]cis$ viol5ce t[>d ^? :o diff]$ f !m 9 fai?4 ,i m5tion ?is n by way ( recrim9ation1 nor 9 palliation ( ! proscriptions ( ! ,spani% gov]nm5t2 = "o (f5ce is n ju/ifi$ by ano!r4 ,my object is m]ely to %[ t 8!y :o live 9 glass h\ses %\ld n ?r[ /ones20 & t x is n hone/ to make ,spa9 ! scapegoat1 be>+ alone on h] %\ld]s ! odium ( religi\s intol]ance4 ,x %\ld n be =gott5 t ,john ,calv9 burn$ ,mi*ael ,s]vetus at ! /ake = h]esy2 t ! ar*-re=m] n only av[$ b also ju/ifi$ ! de$ 9 8 writ+s2 & t he e/abli%$ 9 ,g5eva an ,inquisition = ! puni%m5t ( refractory ,*ri/ians4 ,x %\ld also be rememb]$ t ,lu!r advocat$ ! mo/ m]ciless doctr9e t[>ds ! ,jews4 ,accord+ to 8 apologi/ ,seck5dorf1 ! ,g]man ,re=m] said t _! synagogues ought to be de/roy$1 _! h\ses pull$ d[n1 _! pray]-books1 & ev5 ! books ( ! ,old ,te/am5t1 to be tak5 f !m4 ,_! rabbis ought to be =bidd5 to tea* & be compell$ to ga9 _! livelihood by h>d labor4 ,x %\ld also be borne 9 m9d t ,h5ry ,,viii4 & 8 successors = _m g5]ations inflict$ f9es1 imprisonm5t & dea? on ?\s&s ( _! subjects = d5y+ ! spiritual supremacy ( ! temporal sov]eign4 ,?is gall+ ,inquisition la/$ = ne>ly ?ree hundr$ ye>s1 & ! sev]ity ( its decrees sc>cely f9ds a p>allel 9 ! ,spani% ,inquisition4 ,prescott av[s t ! adm9i/ration ( ,elizabe? 0 8n a :it less despotic & sc>cely less sangu9>y ?an07#cah7 t ( ,isabella4 ,! cl]gy ( ,irel&1 "u ,cromwell1 7 ord]$1 "u pa9 ( dea?1 to quit _! c\ntry1 & !ological /ud5ts 7 oblig$ to pursue _! /udies 9 =eign sem9>ies4 ,any ,prie/ :o d>$ to return to 8 native c\ntry =feit$ 8 life4 ,:oev] h>bor$ a ,prie/ suff]$ dea?1 & !y :o knew 8 hid+-place & did n reveal x to ! ,inquisitors _h bo? _! e>s cut (f4 ,at ?is v mom5t n only 9 ,engl&1 b 9 ,irel&1 ,scotl& & ,holl&1 ,prote/ants are wor%ip+ 9 "s ( ! *ur*es erect$ by ! piety ( our ,ca?olic =efa!rs & wre/$ f !m by viol5ce4 ,obs]ve1 also1 t 9 all ^! in/ances ! p]secutions 7 inflict$ by ! express au?ority ( ! f\nd]s & heads ( ,prote/ant *ur*es4 ,! ,puritans ( ,new ,engl& inflict$ summ>y v5geance on ^? :o 7 ra% en\gh to diff] f !m 9 religion4 ,9 ,massa*usetts 8! ,quak]s 7 :ipp$1 br&$1 _h _! e>s cut (f1 _! tongues bor$ ) hot irons1 & 7 bani%$ ^u pa9 ( dea? 9 case ( _! return & actually execut$ ^u ! gall[s407#cai7 ,:o is ignorant ( ! numb] ( innoc5t creatures t suff]$ dea? 9 ! same ,/ate on ! ridicul\s *>ge ( wit*craft t[>d ! end ( ! sev5te5? c5tury8 ,well does x become _! desc5dants to taunt ,ca?olics ) ! horrors ( ! ,spani% ,inquisition6 ,9 ! religi\s riots ( ,philadelphia 9 #ahdd ,ca?olic *ur*es 7 burn$ d[n 9 ! "n ( ,prote/antism & private h\ses 7 sack$4 ,i 0 in=m$ by an eyewitness t own]s ( h\ses 7 oblig$ to m>k on _! doors ^! words1 ,?is h\se belongs to ,prote/ants1 9 ord] to save _! prop]ty f ! infuriat$ inc5di>ies4 ,= ^! acts ,i nev] he>d ( any retaliation on ! "p ( ,ca?olics1 & ,i hope ,i nev] %all1 no matt] h[ =midable may be _! numb]s & tempt+ ! provocation4 ,9 spite ( ! boa/$ tol]ation ( our times1 x _c be d5i$ t !re /ill lurks a _s ( inquisition1 :i* does n1 inde$1 v5t itself 9 physical viol5ce1 b is1 nev]!less1 mo/ gall+ to its victims4 ,h[ _m p]sons h ,i met 9 ! c\rse ( my m9i/ry :o 7 o/raciz$ by _! k9dr$ & fri5ds1 driv5 f home1 nay1 dis9h]it$ by _! p>5ts1 = ! sole crime ( c>ry+ out ! v %ibbole? ( ,prote/antism--! ex]cise ( private judgm5t1 & ( obey+ ! dictates ( _! consci5ce1 by embrac+ ! ,ca?olic fai?6 ,is n ?is ! mo/ exquisite torture t c be inflict$ on ref9$ natures8 ,ah6 !re is an imprisonm5t m lonely ?an ! dungeon2 x is ! imprisonm5t ( our mo/ *]i%$ ?\ghts 9 our own he>ts1 )\t a memb] ( ! family ) :om to communicate4 ,!re is a sword m ke5 ?an ! execution]'s knife2 x is ! env5om$ tongue ( obloquy & abuse4 ,!re is a bani%m5t less tol]able ?an exile f "o's c\ntry2 x is ! excommunication f ! p>5tal ro( & f ! affections ( ^? we love4 ,h ,i a "r to hold ! memb]s ( ! ,episcopal1 ,lu!ran1 ,presbyt]ian & ,congregationali/ *ur*es responsible = ^! proscriptive measures to :i* ,i h ref]r$1 mo/ ( :i* h be5 au?oriz$ by _! respective f\nd]s & lead]s8 ,god =bid6 ,i "k full well t ^! acts ( cruelty =m no "p ( ! cre$ ( ! ,prote/ant *ur*es4 ,i h be5 acqua9t$ ) ,prote/ants f my y\?4 ,!y h be5 among my mo/ intimate & *]i%$ fri5ds1 &1 f my k ( !m1 ,i am conv9c$ t !y w\ld disc\nt5ance any physical viol5ce :i* w\ld be inflict$ on _! fell[-citiz5s on acc\nt ( _! religi\s convictions4 ,!y w\ld ju/ly tell me t ! p]secutions ( =m] ye>s ( :i* ,i h spok5 %\ld be ascrib$ to ! peculi> & unhappy /ate ( society 9 :i* _! ance/ors liv$1 r ?an to ! inh]5t pr9ciples ( _! religion4 ,= precisely ! same reasons1 & = reasons /ill m =cible1 ,prote/ants %\ld n reproa* ! ,ca?olic ,*ur* = ! atrocities ( ! ,spani% ,inquisition4 ,! p]secutions to :i* ,i h allud$ 7 = ! mo/ "p p]petrat$ by ! f\nd]s & heads ( ! ,prote/ant *ur*es1 :ile ! rigors ( ! ,spani% tribunal 7 inflict$ by laym5 & subord9ate ecclesia/ics1 ei!r )\t ! k or 9 spite ( ! prote/s ( ! ,bi%ops ( ,rome4 ,let u n[ pres5t ! ,inquisition 9 its true light4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 ! numb] ( its victims has be5 wildly exagg]at$1 z ev5 ,prescott is =c$ to admit4 ,! popul> hi/orian ( ! ,inquisition is ,llor5te1 f :om our ,am]ican au?ors g5]ally d]ive _! in=mation on ?is subject4 ,n[ :o 0 ,llor5te8 ,he 0 a degrad$ ,prie/1 :o 0 dismiss$ f ! ,bo>d ( ,inquisitors1 ( :i* he _h be5 ,secret>y4 ,actuat$ by int]e/ & rev5ge1 he wrote 8 hi/ory at ! in/ance ( ,joseph ,bonap>te1 ! new ,k+ ( ,spa91 &1 to please 8 royal ma/] he did all he c\ld to black5 ! "* ( t in/itution4 ,8 te/imony1 !re=e1 %\ld be receiv$ ) great res]ve4 ,to give y "o in/ance ( 8 unreliability1 he quotes ! hi/orian ,m>iana z 8 au?ority = say+ t two ?\s& p]sons 7 put to dea? 9 "o ye> 9 ! dioceses ( ,seville & ,cadiz alone4 ,by ref]r+ to ! pages ( ,m>iana we f9d t au?or say+ t two ?\s& 7 put to dea? 9 all ,spa9 dur+ ! entire adm9i/ration ( ,torquemada1 :i* embrac$ a p]iod ( fifte5 ye>s4 ,be=e beg9n+ to exam9e ! "* ( ?is tribunal x mu/ be cle>ly und]/ood t ! ,spani% ,inquisition 0 n a purely ecclesia/ical in/itution1 b a mix$ tribunal4 ,x 0 conceiv$1 sy/ematiz$1 regulat$ 9 all its proc$ures & judgm5ts1 equipp$ ) (fic]s & p[]s1 & its executions1 f9es & confiscations 7 c>ri$ out by ! royal au?ority alone1 & n by ! ,*ur*47#cbj7 ,to und]/& ! true "* ( ! ,spani% ,inquisition1 & ! motives :i* prompt$ ,k+ ,f]d9& 9 e/abli%+ t tribunal1 we mu/ take a glance at ! int]nal condition ( ,spa9 at ! close ( ! fifte5? c5tury4 ,aft] a /ruggle ( eight c5turies ! ,spani% nation succe$$ 9 ov]?r[+ ! ,moors1 & 9 plant+ ! national flag ov] ! entire c\ntry4 ,at la/ ! ,cross conqu]$ ! ,cresc5t1 & ,*ri/ianity triumph$ ov] ,mahometanism4 ,! empire 0 consolidat$ "u ! jo9t reign ( ,f]d9& & ,isabella4 ,b !re /ill rema9$ elem5ts ( discord 9 ! nation4 ,! population 0 compos$ ( ?ree conflict+ races--! ,spani>ds1 ,moors & ,jews4 ,p]haps ! difficulties :i* beset our own ,gov]nm5t 9 its ef=ts to h>monize ! :ite1 ! ,indian & ! color$ population1 w give u "s idea ( ! =midable ob/acles ) :i* ! ,spani% c\rt _h to cont5d 9 its ef=ts to cem5t into "o compact nation a conqu]+ & a conqu]$ p ( diff]5t race & religion4 ,! ,jews & ! ,moors 7 disaffect$ t[>d ! ,spani% gov]nm5t n only on political1 b also on religi\s gr\nds4 ,!y 7 suspect$1 & n unju/ly1 ( desir+ to transf] _! allegiance f ! ,k+ ( ,spa9 to ! ,k+ ( ,b>b>y or to ! ,gr& ,turk4 ,! ,spani% ,inquisition 0 accord+ly erect$ by ,k+ ,f]d9&1 less f motives ( religi\s zeal ?an f ^? ( human policy4 ,x 0 e/abli%$1 n s mu* ) ! view ( pres]v+ ! ,ca?olic fai?1 z ( p]petuat+ ! integrity ( 8 k+dom4 ,! ,moors & ,jews 7 look$ ^u n only z enemies ( ! alt>1 b *iefly z enemies ( ! ?rone4 ,ca?olics 7 upheld n = _! fai? alone1 b because !y unit$ fai? to loyalty4 ,! baptiz$ ,moors & ,israelites 7 oppress$ = _! h]esy because _! h]esy 0 alli$ to s$ition4 ,x mu/ be rememb]$ t 9 ^? days h]esy1 especially if outspok51 0 reg>d$ n only z an (f5ce aga9/ religion1 b also z a crime aga9/ ! /ate1 & 0 puni%$ accord+ly4 ,?is condition ( ?+s 0 n conf9$ to ,ca?olic ,spa91 b prevail$ across ! sea 9 ,prote/ant ,engl&4 ,we f9d ,h5ry ,,viii4 & 8 successors pursu+ ! same policy 9 ,great ,brita9 t[>d _! ,ca?olic subjects & puni%+ ,ca?olicism z a crime aga9/ ! /ate1 j z ,islamism & ,judaism 7 proscrib$ 9 ,spa94 ,x 01 !re=e1 r a royal & political ?an an ecclesia/ical in/itution4 ,! ,k+ nom9at$ ! ,inquisitors1 :o 7 equally compos$ ( lay & cl]ical (ficials4 ,he dismiss$ !m at w4 ,f ! ,k+1 & n f ! ,pope1 !y d]iv$ _! jurisdiction1 & into ! ,k+'s c(f]s1 & n into ! ,pope's1 w5t all ! emolum5ts accru+ f f9es & confiscations4 ,9 a ^w1 ! au?ority ( ! ,inquisition began & end$ ) ! cr[n4 ,9 confirmation ( ^! ass]tions ,i %all quote f ,ranke1 a ,g]man ,prote/ant hi/orian1 :o _c be suspect$ ( p>tiality to ! ,ca?olic ,*ur*4 8,9 ! fir/ place10 says ?is au?or1 8! ,inquisitors 7 royal (fic]s4 ,! ,k+s _h ! "r ( appo9t+ & dismiss+ !m4444 ,! c\rts ( ! ,inquisition 7 subject1 l o!r magi/racies1 to royal visitors4 #8,d y n "k1' said ! ,k+ 7to ,xim5es71 #8t if ?is tribunal possesses jurisdiction1 x is f ! ,k+ x d]ives x8' 8,9 ! second place1 all ! pr(it ( ! confiscations by ?is c\rt accru$ to ! ,k+4 ,^! 7 c>ri$ out 9 a v unsp>+ mann]4 ,?\gh ! fu]os 7privileges7 ( ,aragon =bade ! ,k+ to confiscate ! prop]ty ( 8 convict$ subjects1 he deem$ himself exalt$ above ! law 9 matt]s p]ta9+ to ?is c\rt4444 ,! proce$s ( ^! confiscations =m$ a sort ( regul> income = ! royal ex*equ]4 ,x 0 ev5 believ$1 & ass]t$ f ! beg9n+1 t ! ,k+s _h be5 mov$ to e/abli% & c\nt5ance ?is tribunal m by _! hank]+ aft] ! weal? x confiscat$ ?an by motives ( piety4 8,9 ! ?ird place1 x 0 ! ,inquisition1 & ! ,inquisition alone1 t completely %ut out all extrane\s int]f]5ce ) ! /ate4 ,! sov]eign _h n[ at 8 disposal a tribunal f :i* no gr&ee1 no ,ar*bi%op1 c\ld )draw himself4 ,z ,*>les knew no o!r means ( br++ c]ta9 puni%m5t on ! ,bi%ops :o _h tak5 "p 9 ! insurrection ( ! ,communidades 7or communes :o 7 /ruggl+ = _! rights & lib]ties71 he *ose to h !m judg$ by ! ,inquisition4444 8,x 0 9 _s & t5d5cy a political in/itution4 ,! ,pope _h an int]e/ 9 ?w>t+ x1 & he did s2 b ! ,k+ _h an int]e/ 9 con/antly uphold+ x407#cba7 ,t ! ,inquisition act$ indep5d5tly ( ! ,holy ,see1 & t ev5 ! ,ca?olic hi]>*y fell "u ! ban ( ?is royal tribunal1 is also app>5t f ! foll[+ fact3 ,aft] ! conv5+ ( ! ,c\ncil ( ,tr5t1 ,b>?olomew ,c>anza1 ,ar*bi%op ( ,tol$o1 0 arre/$ by ! ,inquisition on a *>ge ( h]esy1 & 8 release f prison c\ld n be obta9$ ei!r by ! int]position ( ,pius ,,iv4 or ! remon/rance ( ! ,c\ncil4 ,x is true t ,sixtus ,,iv41 yield+ to ! importunities ( ,que5 ,isabella1 cons5t$ to its e/abli%m5t1 be+ advis$ t x 0 necess>y = ! pres]vation ( ord] 9 ! k+dom2 b 9 #adha1 ! ye> foll[+ its introduction1 :5 ! ,jews compla9$ to him ( its sev]ity1 ! same ,pontiff issu$ a ,bull aga9/ ! ,inquisitors1 z ,prescott in=ms u1 9 :i* 8he rebuk$ _! intemp]ate zeal & ev5 ?reat5$ !m ) deprivation40 ,he wrote to ,f]d9& & ,isabella t 8m]cy t[>ds ! guilty 0 m pleas+ to ,god ?an ! sev]ity :i* !y 7 us+40 ,:5 ! ,pope c\ld n eradicate ! evil he enc\rag$ ! suff]]s to flee to ,rome1 :]e !y f\nd an asylum1 & :]e he took ! fugitives "u 8 protection4 ,9 two ye>s he receiv$ f\r hundr$ & fifty refugees f ,spa94 ,did ! ,pontiff s5d !m back1 or did he inflict v5geance on !m at home8 ,f> f x2 !y 7 re/or$ to all ! rights ( citiz5s4 ,h[ c we imag9e t ! ,pope w\ld enc\rage 9 ,spa9 ! legaliz$ murd] ( m5 :om he protect$ f viol5ce 9 8 own city1 :]e he might h cru%$ !m ) impunity8 ,i c f9d no au!nticat$ in/ance ( any ,pope putt+ to dea?1 9 8 own dom9ions1 a s+le individual = 8 religi\s belief4 ,moreov]1 sometimes ! ,pope1 :5 he c\ld n rea* ! victims1 c5sur$ & excommunicat$ ! ,inquisitor1 & protect$ ! *ildr5 ( ^? ^: prop]ty 0 confiscat$ to ! cr[n4 ,aft] a /ruggle he succe$$ 9 prev5t+ ! ,spani% gov]nm5t f e/abli%+ its ,inquisition 9 ,naples or ,milan1 :i* !n belong$ to ,spa91 s great 0 8 abhor5ce ( its cruelties4 ,to sum up3 ,i h endeavor$ to %[ t ! ,*ur* disav[s all responsibility = ! excesses ( ! ,spani% ,inquisition1 because oppression =ms no "p ( h] cre$2 t ^! atrocities h be5 grossly exagg]at$2 t ! ,inquisition 0 a political tribunal2 t ,ca?olic ,prelates 7 am5able to its s5t5ce z well z ,moors & ,jews1 & t ! ,popes d5\nc$ & labor$ h>d to aboli% its sangu9>y features4 ,& yet ,rome has to be> all ! odium ( ! ,inquisition6 ,i he>tily pray t religi\s intol]ance may nev] take root 9 our favor$ l&4 ,may ! only k+ to =ce our consci5ce be ! ,k+ ( k+s2 may ! only prison erect$ among u = ! s9 ( unbelief or misbelief be ! prison ( a tr\bl$ consci5ce2 & may our only motive = embrac+ tru? be n ! fe> ( man1 b ! love ( tru? & ( ,god4 ,,ii4 ,:at ,ab\t ,! ,massacre ,( ,/4 ,b>?olomew8 ,i h no words /rong en\gh to express my dete/ation ( t inhuman slaught]4 ,x is true t ! numb] ( its victims has be5 grossly exagg]at$ by p>tisan writ]s1 b t is no ext5uation ( ! crime itself4 ,i mo/ emphatically ass]t t ! ,*ur* _h no act or "p 9 ?is atroci\s but*]y1 except to deplore ! ev5t & weep ov] its unhappy victims4 ,"h are ! facts briefly pres5t$3 ,fir/--,9 ! reign ( ,*>les ,,ix4 ( ,france ! ,hugu5ots 7 a =midable p[] & a s$iti\s elem5t 9 t c\ntry4 ,!y 7 "u ! lead]%ip ( ,admiral ,coligny1 :o 0 plott+ ! ov]?r[ ( ! rul+ mon>*4 ,! ,fr5* ,k+1 in/igat$ by 8 "m1 ,ca!r9e de ,m$icis1 & fe>+ ! influ5ce ( ,coligny1 :om he reg>d$ z an aspirant to ! ?rone1 compass$ 8 assass9ation1 z well z t ( 8 foll[]s 9 ,p>is1 ,augu/ #bd?1 #aegb4 ,?is de$ ( viol5ce 0 foll[$ by an indiscrim9ate massacre 9 ! ,fr5* capital & o!r cities ( ,france by an inc5di>y populace1 :o are easily ar\s$ b n easily appeas$4 ,second--,religion _h no?+ to d ) ! massacre4 ,coligny & 8 fell[ ,hugu5ots 7 sla9 n on acc\nt ( _! cre$1 b exclusively on acc\nt ( _! alleg$ treasonable designs4 ,if !y _h no?+ b _! ,prote/ant fai? to r5d] !m odi\s to ,k+ ,*>les1 !y w\ld nev] h be5 mole/$2 =1 nei!r did ,*>les nor 8 "m ev] manife/ any special zeal = ! ,ca?olic ,*ur* nor any special av]sion to ,prote/antism1 unless :5 x ?reat5$ ! ?rone4 ,?ird--,imm$iately aft] ! massacre ,*>les despat*$ an envoy extraord9>y to ea* ( ! c\rts ( ,europe1 convey+ ! />tl+ intellig5ce t ! ,k+ & royal family _h n>r[ly escap$ f a horrible conspiracy1 & t its au?ors _h be5 detect$ & summ>ily puni%$4 ,! envoys1 9 _! n>ration1 c>efully suppress$ any allusion to ! indiscrim9ate massacre :i* _h tak5 place1 b ann\nc$ ! ev5t 9 ! foll[+ words3 ,on t 8memorable night1 by ! de/ruction ( a few s$iti\s m51 ! ,k+ _h be5 deliv]$ f imm$iate dang] ( dea?1 & ! realm f ! p]petual t]ror ( civil w>40 ,pope ,gregory ,,xiii41 to :om also an envoy 0 s5t1 act+ on ?is g>bl$ in=mation1 ord]$ a 8,te ,deum0 to be sung1 & a commemorative m$al to be /ruck 9 ?anksgiv+ to ,god1 n = ! massacre1 ( :i* he 0 utt]ly ignorant1 b = ! pres]vation ( ! ,fr5* ,k+ f an untimely & viol5t dea?1 & ( ! ,fr5* nation f ! horrors ( a civil w>4 ,sismondi1 a ,prote/ant hi/orian1 tells u t ! ,pope's nuncio 9 ,p>is 0 purposely kept 9 ignorance ( ! designs ( ,*>les2 & ,ranke1 9 8 ,hi/ory ( ! ,civil ,w>s1 in=ms u t ,*>les & 8 "m sudd5ly left ,p>is 9 ord] to avoid an int]view ) ! ,pope's legate1 :o arriv$ soon aft] ! massacre2 _! guilty consci5ce fe>+1 no d\bt1 a rebuke f ! mess5g] ( ! ,vic> ( ,*ri/1 f :om ! real facts 7 n long conceal$4 ,f\r?--,x is sc>cely necess>y to v9dicate ! innoc5ce ( ! ,bi%ops & cl]gy ( ,france 9 ?is transaction1 z no au?or1 h[ ho/ile soev] to ! ,*ur*1 has ev]1 to my k1 accus$ !m ( any complicity 9 ! he9\s massacre4 ,on ! contr>y1 !y us$ _! be/ ef=ts to arre/ ! progress ( ! assailants1 to prev5t fur!r blood%$ & to protect ! lives ( ! fugitives4 ,m ?an ?ree hundr$ ,calv9i/s 7 %elt]$ f ! assass9s by tak+ refuge 9 ! h\se ( ! ,ar*bi%op ( ,lyons4 ,! ,bi%ops ( ,lisieux1 ,bordeaux1 ,t\l\se & ( o!r cities (f]$ simil> protection to ^? :o s\ght safety 9 _! homes4 ,?us we see t ! ,*ur* slept 9 tranquil ignorance ( ! /ormy sc5e until %e 0 ar\s$ to a k ( ! tempe/ by ! sudd5 upro> x creat$4 ,l h] ,div9e ,sp\se on ! tr\bl$ wat]s1 %e pres5ts h]self only to say to !m3 8,peace be /ill40 ,,iii4 ,m>y1 ,que5 ( ,engl&4 ,i am ask$3 ,mu/ y n admit t ,m>y1 ,que5 ( ,engl&1 p]secut$ ! ,prote/ants ( ! ,briti% realm8 ,i ask ?is "q 9 reply3 ,h[ is x t ,ca?olics are p]si/5tly reproa*$ = ! p]secutions "u ,m>y's reign1 :ile sc>cely a voice is rais$ 9 condemnation ( ! legaliz$ f9es1 confiscations & dea?s inflict$ on ! ,ca?olics ( ,great ,brita9 & ,irel& = ?ree hundr$ ye>s--f ! e/abli%m5t ( ! *ur* ( ,engl&1 9 #aecd1 to ! "t ( ! ,ca?olic emancipation8 ,elizabe?'s h&s 7 /eep$ 9 ! blood ( ,ca?olics1 ,puritans & ,anabapti/s4 ,:y are ^! cruelties suppress$ or gloss$ ov]1 :ile ^? ( ,m>y =m ! burd5 ( e nurs]y tale8 ,is x because p]secution becomes ju/ice :5 ,ca?olics happ5 to be ! victims1 or is x because !y are expect$1 f long usage1 to be ins5sible to torture8 ,if we weigh 9 ! scales ( imp>tial ju/ice ! reigns ( bo? si/]s1 we %all be compell$ to br+ a f> m sev]e v]dict aga9/ ,elizabe?4 ,fir/--,m>y reign$ only five ye>s & f\r mon?s4 ,elizabe?'s reign la/$ =ty-f\r ye>s & f\r mon?s4 ,! y\ng] si/]1 !re=e1 sway$ ! sceptre ( au?ority ne>ly n9e times long] ?an ! eld]2 & ! numb] ( ,ca?olics :o suff]$ = _! fai? dur+ ! long adm9i/ration ( ,elizabe? may be safely said to exce$ 9 ! same proportion ! victims ( ,m>y's reign4 ,hallam ass]ts t 8! rack seldom /ood idle 9 ! t[] = all ! latt] "p ( ,elizabe?'s reign207#cbb7 & its v fir/ mon? 0 /a9$ by an intol]ant /atute47#cbc7 ,second--,! mo/ unp>donable act ( ,m>y's life1 9 ! judgm5t ( h] critics1 0 ! execution ( ,lady ,jane ,grey4 ,b ,lady ,jane 0 guilty ( high treason1 hav+ usurp$ ! ?rone ( ,engl&1 :i* %e occupi$ = n9e days4 ,elizabe? put to dea? h] c\s9 ,m>y1 ,que5 ( ,scots1 aft] a long imprisonm5t1 on ! unsu/a9$ *>ge ( aspir+ to ! ,engli% ?rone4 ,?ird--,m>y's zeal 0 ex]cis$ 9 behalf ( ! religion ( h] =efa!rs1 & ( ! fai? e/abli%$ 9 ,engl& = ne>ly a ?\s& ye>s4 ,elizabe?'s zeal 0 employ$ 9 ext5d+ ! new cre$ introduc$ by h] fa!r 9 a mom5t ( passion1 & modifi$ by h]self4 ,surely1 ! co]cive en=cem5t ( a new cre$ is m odi\s ?an ! rigor\s ma9t5ance ( ! "t-honor$ fai? ( a nation4 ,m>y1 !re=e1 insi/$ on p]petuat+ ! e/abli%$ ord] ( ?+s2 ,elizabe? on subv]t+ x4 ,f\r?--,! eld] si/] 0 propagat+ :at %e believ$ to be ! un*angeable & infallible doctr9es ( ,jesus ,*ri/2 ! y\ng] si/] 0 propagat+ h] own & h] fa!r's novel & m or less unc]ta9 op9ions4 ,fif?--,:ile ,m>y _h no private or p]sonal motives 9 oppress+ ,prote/ants1 ,elizabe?'s ho/ility to ! ,ca?olic ,*ur* 0 int5sifi$1 if n in/igat$1 by h] hatr$ ( ! ,pope1 :o _h decl>$ h] illegitimate4 ,h] legitimacy be=e ! _w dep5d$ on ! success ( ! new religion1 :i* _h legaliz$ h] fa!r's divorce f ,ca!r9e4 ,six?--,h5ce z ,macaulay says1 ,m>y 0 s9c]e 9 h] religion2 ,elizabe? 0 n4 8,hav+ no scruple ab\t con=m+ to ! ,romi% ,*ur* :5 con=mity 0 necess>y to h] own safety1 reta9+ to ! la/ mom5t ( h] life a fondness = mu* ( ! doctr9e & mu* ( ! c]emonial ( t ,*ur*1 %e yet subject$ t ,*ur* to a p]secution ev5 m odi\s ?an ! p]secution ) :i* h] si/] _h h>ass$ ! ,prote/ants4 ,m>y 444 did no?+ = h] religion :i* %e 0 n prep>$ to suff] = x4 ,%e _h held x firmly "u p]secution4 ,%e fully believ$ x to be ess5tial to salvation4 ,elizabe?1 9 op9ion1 0 little m ?an half a ,prote/ant4 ,%e _h pr(ess$1 :5 x suit$ h]1 to be :olly a ,ca?olic4444 ,:at c be said 9 def5ce ( a rul] :o is at once indiff]5t & intol]ant807#cbd7 ,an intellig5t g5tleman 9 ,nor? ,c>ol9a once said to me taunt+ly1 ,:at d y ?9k ( bloody ,m>y8 ,did y ev] he>1 ,i repli$1 ( h] si/]'s cruelties to ,ca?olics8 ,he answ]$ t he nev] read ( t mild woman p]secut+ = consci5ce' sake4 ,i 0 amaz$ at 8 words1 until he ackn[l$g$ t 8 hi/orical libr>y 0 compris$ 9 "o "w--,d' ,aubign's ,hi/ory ( ! ,re=mation4 ,t v]aci\s au?or has prud5tly suppress$1 or delicately t\*$1 ,elizabe?'s peccadilloes z n com+ )9 ! scope ( 8 plan4 ,h[ _m are f\nd1 l our ,nor? ,c>ol9a g5tleman1 :o are famili> f _! *ildhood ) ! "n ( ,smi?field1 b :o nev] once he>d ( ,tyburn6 ,*apt] ,,xix4 ,,grace--,,! ,,sacram5ts--,,orig9al ,,s9--,,baptism--,,its ,,necessity--,,its ,,effects--,,mann] ,,( ,,baptiz+4 ,! grace ( ,god is t sup]natural assi/ance :i* ,he imp>ts to u1 ?r\gh ! m]its ( ,jesus ,*ri/1 = our salvation4 ,x is call$ sup]natural1 because no "o by 8 own natural ability c acquire x4 ,)\t ,div9e grace we c nei!r conceive nor accompli% any?+ = ! sanctification ( our s\ls4 8,n t we are suffici5t10 says ! ,apo/le1 8to ?9k any?+ ( ourselves1 z ( ourselves2 b our suffici5cy is f ,god407#cbe7 8,= x is ,god :o worke? 9 y1 bo? to w & to accompli%07#cbf7 any?+ conducive to y\r salvation4 8,)\t ,me10 says our ,"l1 8y c d no?+407#cbg7 ,b 9 ord] t ,div9e grace may effectually aid u we mu/ co-op]ate ) x1 or at lea/ we mu/ n resi/ x4 ,! grace ( ,god is obta9$ *iefly by pray] & ! ,sacram5ts4 ,a ,sacram5t is a visible sign in/itut$ by ,*ri/ by :i* grace is convey$ to our s\ls4 ,?ree ?+s are necess>y to con/itute a ,sacram5t1 viz4--a visible sign1 invisible grace & ! in/itution by our ,"l ,jesus ,*ri/4 ,?us1 9 ! ,sacram5t ( ,baptism1 !re is ! outw>d sign1 :i* consi/s 9 ! p\r+ ( wat] & 9 ! =mula ( words :i* are !n pron\nc$2 ! int]ior grace or sanctification :i* is imp>t$ to ! s\l3 8,be baptiz$1 444 & y %all receive ! gift ( ! ,holy ,gho/207#cbh7 & ! ord9ance ( ,jesus ,*ri/1 :o said3 8,tea* all nations1 baptiz+ !m 9 ! "n ( ! ,fa!r1 & ( ! ,son1 & ( ! ,holy ,gho/407#cbi7 ,our ,savior in/itut$ sev5 ,sacram5ts1 namely1 ,baptism1 ,confirmation1 ,eu*>i/1 ,p5ance1 ,extreme ,unction1 ,ord]s & ,matrimony1 :i* ,i %all expla9 sep>ately4 ,accord+ to ! tea*+s ( ,holy ,writ1 man 0 creat$ 9 a /ate ( innoc5ce & hol9ess1 & aft] hav+ sp5t on ?is e>? 8 allott$ t]ms ( ye>s he 0 de/9$1 )\t ta/+ dea?1 to be translat$ to ! p]petual society ( ,god 9 heav547#ccj7 ,b 9 consequ5ce ( 8 disob$i5ce he fell f 8 high e/ate ( righte\sness2 8 s\l 0 defil$ by s92 he became subject to dea? & to v>i\s ills ( body & s\l & =feit$ 8 heav5ly inh]itance4 ,adam's transgression 0 n conf9$ to himself1 b 0 transmitt$1 ) its long tra9 ( dire consequ5ces1 to all 8 po/]ity4 ,x is call$ orig9al s9 because x is d]iv$ f our orig9al prog5itor4 8,:]e=e10 says ,/4 ,paul1 8z by "o man s9 ent]$ into ?is _w1 & by s9 dea?1 & s dea? pass$ unto all m51 9 :om all h s9n$407#cca7 ,& else:]e he tells u t 8we 7 by nature *ildr5 ( wra?407#ccb7 8,:o10 says ,job1 8c make him clean t is conceiv$ ( unclean se$10 or1 z ! ,septuag9t v]sion expresses x3 8,!re is no "o free f /a91 n ev5 ?\gh 8 life be ( "o day407#ccc7 ,z an infant "o day old _c commit an actual s91 ! /a9 mu/ come f ! orig9al (f5se ( ,adam4 8,behold10 says ,david1 8,i 0 conceiv$ 9 iniquities1 & 9 s9s did my "m conceive me407#ccd7 ,! ,scripture also tells u t ,j]emiah & ,john ! ,bapti/ 7 sanctifi$ be=e _! bir?1 or purifi$ f s91 &1 ( c\rse1 at t p]iod ( _! exi/5ce !y 7 incapable ( actual s94 ,!y 7 cleans$1 !re=e1 f ! orig9al ta9t4 ,^! passages cle>ly %[ t we h all inh]it$ ! transgression ( our fir/ p>5ts1 & t we are born enemies ( ,god4 ,& x is equally pla9 t ^! texts apply to e memb] ( ! human family--to ! infant ( a day old z well z to ! adult4 ,inde$1 ev5 )\t ! light ( ,holy ,scripture1 we h only to look into ourselves to be conv9c$ t our nature has und]gone a rude %ock4 ,h[ else c we acc\nt = ! mis]ies & infirmities ( our bodies1 ! bl9dness ( our und]/&+1 ! p]v]sity ( our w--incl9$ always to evil r ?an to good--! viol5ce ( our passions1 :i* are con/antly wag+ w> 9 our he>ts8 ,h[ well does ! ,ca?olic doctr9e expla9 ?is abnormal /ate4 ,h5ce1 ,pas*al truly says t man is a great] my/]y to himself )\t orig9al s9 ?an is ! my/]y itself4 ,! ,*ur*1 h[ev]1 decl>es t ! ,bless$ ,virg9 ,m>y 0 exempt$ f ! /a9 ( orig9al s9 by ! m]its ( our ,savior ,jesus ,*ri/2 & t1 consequ5tly1 %e 0 nev] = an in/ant subject to ! dom9ion ( ,satan4 ,?is is :at is meant by ! doctr9e ( ! ,immaculate ,conception4 ,b ,god1 9 pass+ s5t5ce ( condemnation on ,adam1 consol$ him by ! promise ( a ,r$eem] to come4 8,i w put enmities10 sai? ! ,"l1 8betwe5 !e & ! woman1 & ?y se$ & h] se$2 %e %all cru% ?y head407#cce7 ,jesus1 ! se$ ( ,m>y1 is ! *os5 "o :o 0 de/9$ to cru% ! head ( ! inf]nal s]p5t4 ,& 8:5 ! fulness ( "t 0 come ,god s5t ,8 ,son1 made ( a woman1 444 t ,he might r$eem !m t 7 "u ! law1 t we might receive ! adoption ( sons407#ccf7 ,jesus ,*ri/1 our ,r$eem]1 came to wa% away ! defilem5t f our s\ls & to re/ore u to t ,div9e fri5d%ip :i* we _h lo/ by ! s9 ( ,adam4 ,he is ! second ,adam1 :o came to repair ! iniquity ( ! fir/4 ,x 0 our ,savior's privilege to prescribe ! conditions on :i* our reconciliation ) ,god 0 to be effect$4 ,n[ ,he tells u 9 ,8 ,gospel t ,baptism is ! ess5tial means e/abli%$ = wa%+ away ! /a9 ( orig9al s9 & ! door by :i* we f9d admittance into ,8 ,*ur*1 :i* may be call$ ! second ,ed54 ,we mu/ all submit to a new bir?1 or reg5]ation1 be=e we c ent] ! k+dom ( heav54 ,wat] is ! appropriate in/rum5t ( ?is new bir?1 z x indicates ! int]ior cleans+ ( ! s\l2 & ! ,holy ,gho/1 ! ,giv] ( spiritual life1 is its ,au?or4 ,! ,*ur* tea*es t ,baptism is necess>y = all1 = infants z well z adults1 & h] doctr9e re/s on ! foll[+ gr\nds3 ,our ,"l says to ,nicodemus3 8,am51 am51 ,i say to !e1 unless a man be born aga9 ( wat] & ! ,holy ,gho/ he _c ent] into ! k+dom ( ,god407#ccg7 ,^! words embrace ! :ole human family1 )\t reg>d to age or sex1 z is evid5t f ! orig9al ,greek text1 = 1 :i* is r5d]$ man 9 our ,engli% translation1 means any "o--mank9d 9 its broade/ acceptation4 ,! ,acts ( ! ,apo/les & ! ,epi/les ( ,/4 ,paul1 al?\gh conta9+ only a fragm5t>y acc\nt ( ! m9i/ry ( ! ,apo/les1 pla9ly ins9uate t ! ,apo/les baptiz$ *ildr5 z well z gr[n p]sons4 ,we are told1 = in/ance1 t ,lydia 80 baptiz$1 & h] h\sehold107#cch7 by ,/4 ,paul2 & t ! jail] 80 baptiz$1 & all 8 family407#cci7 ,! same ,apo/le baptiz$ also 8! h\sehold ( ,/ephanas407#cdj7 ,al?\gh x is n expressly /at$ t !re 7 *ildr5 among ^! baptiz$ families1 ! presumption is /rongly 9 favor ( ! supposition t !re 74 ,b if any d\bt exi/s reg>d+ ! ,apo/olic practice ( baptiz+ infants x is easily remov$ by ref]r+ to ! writ+s ( ! primitive ,fa!rs ( ! ,*ur*1 :o1 z !y 7 ! imm$iate successors ( ! ,apo/les1 ought to be ! be/ int]pret]s ( _! doctr9es & practice4 ,/4 ,ir5u1 a disciple ( ,polyc>p1 :o 0 a disciple ( ,/4 ,john ! ,evangeli/1 says3 8,*ri/ came to save all ?r\gh ,himself2 all1 ,i say1 :o are born anew 7or baptiz$7 ?r\gh ,him--infants & little ones1 boys & y\?s1 & ag$ p]sons407#cda7 ,orig51 :o liv$ a few ye>s lat]1 writes3 8,! ,*ur* receiv$ ! tradition f ! ,apo/les1 to give baptism ev5 to infants407#cdb7 ,! e>ly *ur* ( ,africa be>s triumphant te/imony 9 v9dication ( infant baptism4 ,/4 ,cyprian & sixty-six suffragan ,prelates held a c\ncil 9 ! metropolitan city ( ,c>?age1 9 ! ye> #bec4 ,:ile ! ,c\ncil is 9 session a ,prelate nam$ ,fidus writes to ! ,fa!rs1 ask+ !m :e!r infants ought to be baptiz$ be=e ! eigh? day succe$+ _! bir?1 or on ! eigh? day1 9 accordance ) ! practice ( circumcision4 ,! ,bi%ops unanim\sly subscribe to ! foll[+ reply3 8,z to :at reg>ds ! baptism ( infants1 444 we all judg$ t ! m]cy & grace ( ,god %\ld be d5i$ to no human be+ f ! mom5t ( 8 bir?4 ,if ev5 to ! greate/ del9qu5ts ! remission ( s9s is grant$1 h[ mu* less %\ld ! infant be repell$1 :o1 be+ rec5tly born accord+ to ,adam1 has contract$ at 8 fir/ bir? ! contagion ( ! anci5t dea?407#cdc7 ,! ,african ,c\ncil ass]ts "h two prom95t facts--! univ]sal contagion ( ! human race ?r\gh ,adam's fall1 & ! univ]sal necessity ( ,baptism )\t di/9ction ( age4 ,^u ?is decision1 ,i w make two obs]vations3 ,fir/--,fidus did n inquire ab\t ! necessity ( infant baptism1 :i* he already admitt$1 b ab\t ! propriety ( conf]r+ x on ! eigh? day1 9 imitation ( ! ,jewi% law ( circumcision4 ,second--,! ,bi%ops assembl$ 9 t ,c\ncil 7 z num]\s z ! :ole ,episcopate ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 :i* conta9s ab\t five ?\s& ,prie/s & upw>ds ( six millions ( ,ca?olics4 ,we may !re=e reasonably conclude t ! judgm5t ( ! ,african ,c\ncil repres5t$ ! fai? ( sev]al ?\s& ,prie/s & sev]al millions ( ,ca?olics4 ,/4 ,augu/9e1 comm5t+ on ?is decision1 ju/ly obs]ves t ,/4 ,cyprian & 8 colleagues made no new decree1 b ma9ta9$ mo/ firmly ! fai? ( ! ,*ur*4 ,& ?is is ! unanim\s s5tim5t ( tradition f ! days ( ! ,apo/les to our own times4 ,is x n ludicr\s z well z impi\s to see a few ,g]man fanatics1 9 ! sixte5? c5tury1 rais+ _! feeble voice aga9/ ! ?und] tones ( all ,*ri/5dom1 by decry+ a practice :i* 0 univ]sally held z sacr$ & ess5tial8 ,9 judg+ betwe5 ! tea*+s ( ,apo/olical antiquity on ! "o h& & ( ! ,anabapti/s on ! o!r1 x is n h>d to det]m9e on :i* side lies ! tru?2 =1 :at becomes ( ! ,*ri/ian ,*ur*1 if x has err$ on s vital a po9t z t ( ,baptism dur+ ! entire p]iod ( its exi/5ce8 ,orig9al s91 z ,/4 ,paul has told u1 is univ]sal4 ,e *ild is1 !re=e1 defil$ at its bir? ) ! ta9t ( ,adam's disob$i5ce4 ,n[1 ! ,scripture says t no?+ defil$ c ent] ! k+dom ( heav547#cdd7 ,h5ce ,baptism1 :i* wa%es away orig9al s91 is z ess5tial = ! infant z = ! full gr[n man1 9 ord] to atta9 ! k+dom ( heav54 ,i said t reg5]ation is necess>y = all4 ,b x is important to obs]ve t if a man is he>tily sorry = 8 s9s1 if he loves ,god ) 8 :ole he>t1 if he desires to comply ) all ! ,div9e ord9ances1 includ+ ,baptism1 b has no opportunity ( receiv+ x1 or is n suffici5tly in/ruct$ z to its necessity1 ,god1 9 ?is case1 accepts ! w = ! de$4 ,%\ld ?is man die 9 ^! dispositions1 he is sav$ by ! baptism ( desire1 z happ5$ to ! ,emp]or ,val5t9ian :o di$ a ,cate*uman3 8,i lo/ him :om ,i 0 ab\t to reg5]ate10 says ,/4 ,ambrose1 8b he did n lose t grace he s\ght =40 ,or1 if an unbaptiz$ p]son lays d[n 8 life = ,*ri/1 8 dea? is accept$ z m ?an an equival5t = baptism2 = he dies n only sanctifi$1 b he w we> a m>tyr's cr[n4 ,he is baptiz$ 9 8 own blood4 ,b is n t a cruel & he>tless doctr9e :i* excludes f heav5 s _m h>mless babes t h nev] committ$ any actual fault8 ,to ?is ,i reply3 ,has n ,god decl>$ t ,baptism is necess>y = all8 ,& is n ,god ! supreme ,wisdom & ,ju/ice & ,m]cy8 ,i am sure1 !n1 t !re c be no?+ cruel or unju/ 9 ,god's decrees4 ,! prov9ce ( reason consi/s 9 asc]ta9+ t ,god has spok54 ,:5 we "k t ,he has spok51 !n our inve/igation ceases1 & fai? & ob$i5ce beg94 ,in/ead ( impi\sly criticis+ ! ,div9e decree1 we %\ld exclaim ) ! ,apo/le3 8,o6 ! dep? ( ! ri*es ( ! wisdom & k ( ,god6 h[ incompreh5sible are ,8 judgm5ts1 & h[ unse>*able ,8 ways6 ,=1 :o ha? kn[n ! m9d ( ! ,"l8 or :o ha? be5 ,8 c\nsellor807#cde7 ,let u rememb] t heav5 is a place to :i* none ( u has any inh]5t "r or natural claim1 b t x is promis$ to u by ! pure favor ( ,god4 ,he c reject & adopt :om ,he pleases1 & c1 )\t inju/ice1 prescribe ,8 own conditions = accept+ ,8 pr(f]$ boon4 ,if y\r *ild is depriv$ ( heav5 by be+ depriv$ ( ,baptism1 ,god does x no wrong because ,he infr+es no "r to :i* y\r *ild _h any inali5able title4 ,if y\r *ild obta9s ! grace ( ,baptism be ?ankful = ! gift4 ,x is prop] "h to /ate briefly :at ! ,*ur* actually tea*es reg>d+ ! future /ate ( unbaptiz$ infants4 ,?\gh ! ,*ur*1 9 ob$i5ce to ,god's ,^w1 decl>es t unbaptiz$ infants are exclud$ f ! k+dom ( heav51 x %\ld n h5ce be conclud$ t !y are consign$ to ! place ( ! reprobate4 ,none are condemn$ to ! torm5ts ( ! damn$ b su* z m]it ,div9e v5geance by _! p]sonal s9s4 ,all t ! ,*ur* holds on ?is po9t is t unreg5]ate *ildr5 are depriv$ ( ! beatific vision1 or ! possession ( ,god1 :i* con/itutes ! ess5tial happ9ess ( ! bless$4 ,n[1 betwe5 ! supreme bliss ( heav5 & ! torm5ts ( ! reprobate1 !re is a v wide m>g94 ,all admit t ! condition ( unbaptiz$ infants is bett] ?an non-exi/5ce4 ,!re are "s ,ca?olic writ]s ( di/9ction :o ev5 ass]t t unbaptiz$ infants enjoy a c]ta9 degree ( natural beatitude--t is1 a happ9ess :i* is bas$ on ! natural k & love ( ,god4 ,f :at has be5 said y may well judge h[ repreh5sible is ! conduct ( ,ca?olic p>5ts :o neglect to h _! *ildr5 baptiz$ at ! e>lie/ possible mom5t1 !reby risk+ _! own s\ls1 z well z ! s\ls ( _! innoc5t (fspr+4 ,h[ diff]5t 0 ! practice ( ! e>ly ,*ri/ians1 :o1 z ,/4 ,augu/9e te/ifies1 ha/5$ ) _! new-born babes to ! baptismal font t !y might n be depriv$ ( ! grace ( reg5]ation4 ,if an infant is sick1 no exp5se is sp>$ t its life may be pres]v$4 ,! physician is call$ 91 m$ic9e is giv5 to x1 & ! "m w sp5d sleepless nights wat*+ e movem5t ( ! infant2 %e w sacrifice h] repose1 h] heal?2 nay1 %e w expose ev5 h] own life t ! life ( h] (fspr+ may be sav$4 ,& yet ! sup]natural happ9ess ( ! *ild is too (t5 imp]il$ )\t remorse by ! crim9al po/ponem5t ( ,baptism4 ,b if !y are to be c5sur$ :o are sl[ 9 hav+ _! *ildr5 baptiz$1 :at are we to ?9k ( t l>ge body ( pr(ess+ ,*ri/ians :o1 on pr9ciple1 d5y ,baptism to little ones till !y come to ! age ( discretion8 ,:at are we to ?9k ( ^? :o set _! private op9ions above ,scripture1 ! e>ly ,fa!rs ( ! ,*ur* & ! univ]sal practice ( ,*ri/5dom8 ,we may smile inde$ at a !ological op9ion1 no matt] h[ novel or errone\s x may be1 s long z x does n involve any dang]\s consequ5ces4 ,b :5 x is giv5 9 a case ( life & dea?1 h[ t]rible is ! responsibility ( ^? :o propagate doctr9es s errone\s6 ,! opposite practice ( ! ,ca?olic & ! ,bapti/ *ur*es1 9 _! treatm5t ( ! newborn infant1 may be well comp>$ to ! conduct ( ! true & ! false "m :o bo? claim$ ! *ild at ! tribunal ( ,solomon4 ,! k+ exclaim$3 8,divide ! liv+ *ild 9 two1 & give half to ! "o & half to ! o!r40 ,! pret5d$ "m cons5t$1 say+3 ,let x be nei!r m9e nor ?9e1 b divide x4 8,b ! woman ^: *ild 0 alive1 said to ! k+ 7= h] b[els 7 mov$ ^u h] *ild73 ,i besee* !e1 my "l1 give h] ! *ild alive1 & d n kill x40 ,:ile ! ,bapti/ *ur* is will+ t ! *ild %\ld die a spiritual dea?1 ! true "m1 ! ,ca?olic ,*ur*1 cries out3 ,keep ! *ild1 provid$ its spiritual life is sav$1 ev5 at y\r h&s4 ,let x be clo!d ) ! robe ( innoc5ce ev5 by a /rang]4 ,let x be nurs$ at ! brea/s ev5 ( a /ep-"m4 ,bett] x %\ld live )\t me ?an p]i% be=e my face4 ,i w /ill be its "m1 ?\gh x "k me n4 ,ah6 my ,bapti/ fri5d1 y ?9k t ,baptism is n necess>y = y\r *ild's salvation4 ,! old ,*ur* tea*es ! contr>y4 ,y admit t y may be wrong1 & x is a "q ( life & dea?4 ,take ! safe side4 ,give y\r *ild ! b5efit ( ! d\bt4 ,let x be baptiz$4 ,baptism wa%es away orig9al s91 & also actual s9s f ! adult :o may h contract$ !m4 ,! cleans+ efficacy ( ,baptism 0 cle>ly =e%ad[$ by ! prophet ,eze*iel 9 ^! words3 8,i w p\r ^u y clean wat]1 & y %all be cleans$ f all y\r fil?9ess4 ,& ,i w give y a new he>t & w put a new _s )9 y407#cdf7 ,:5 ! ,jews ask$ ,/4 ,pet] :at !y %\ld d to be sav$ ! ,apo/le repli$3 8,rep5t1 & let ev]yone ( y be baptiz$ 9 ! "n ( ,jesus ,*ri/ = ! remission ( y\r s9s407#cdg7 ,& ,ananias said to ,saul1 aft] 8 conv]sion3 8,rise up & be baptiz$1 & wa% away ?y s9s407#cdh7 8,we 7 by nature10 says ,/4 ,paul1 8*ildr5 ( wra?10 b by our reg5]ation1 or new bir? 9 ,baptism1 we become ,*ri/ians & *ildr5 ( ,god4 8,=1 ye are all ! *ildr5 ( ,god by fai? 9 ,*ri/ ,jesus4 ,= z _m ( y z h be5 baptiz$ 9 ,*ri/ h put on ,*ri/407#cdi7 ,we are adopt$ into ! same family ) ,jesus ,*ri/4 ,:at ,he is by nature we are by grace--*ildr5 ( ,god1 & consequ5tly bre?r5 ( ,*ri/4 ,nay1 our union ) ,jesus is /ill m close4 ,we become true memb]s ( ,8 my/ical body1 :i* is ,8 ,*ur*1 & ,8 ,div9e image is /amp$ ^u our s\l4 ,baptism also clo!s u ) ! g>m5t ( sanctity1 s t our s\l becomes a fit dwell+-place = ! ,holy ,gho/4 ,! ,apo/le1 aft] giv+ a fe>ful catalogue ( ! vices ( ! ,pagans1 says to ! ,cor9?ians3 8,& su* "s ( y 72 b ye are wa%$1 b ye are sanctifi$1 b ye are ju/ifi$ 9 ! "n ( our ,"l ,jesus ,*ri/1 & 9 ! ,_s ( ,god407#cej7 ,baptism1 9 f9e1 makes u heirs ( heav5 & co-heirs ) ,jesus ,*ri/4 8,we ourselves also10 says ,/4 ,paul1 87 sometimes unwise1 incr$ul\s1 err+1 slaves to div]s desires & pleasures1 liv+ 9 malice & envy1 hateful1 & hat+ "o ano!r4 ,b :5 ! goodness & k9dness ( ,god our ,savior appe>$1 444 ,he sav$ u by ! lav] ( reg5]ation & r5ovation ( ! ,holy ,gho/1 :om ,he ha? p\r$ =? abundantly ^u u1 ?r\gh ,jesus ,*ri/ our ,savior1 t be+ ju/ifi$ by ,8 grace1 we may be heirs1 accord+ to ! hope ( life ev]la/+407#cea7 ,"h we pla9ly see t ! =giv5ess ( s91 ! adoption into ! family ( ,god1 ! sanctification ( ! s\l & ! pl$ge ( et]nal life are ascrib$ to ! due reception ( ,baptism--n1 inde$1 t wat] or ! words ( ! m9i/] h any intr9sic virtue to heal ! s\l1 b because ,jesus ,*ri/1 ^: ^w is creative p[]1 is pleas$ to atta* to ?is rite its wond]ful efficacy ( heal+ ! s\l1 z ,he imp>t$ to ! pool ( ,be?saida ! p[] ( heal+ ! body47#ceb7 ,f :at has be5 said1 ,i ask y c&idly :at are y to ?9k ( ! decision r5d]$ 9 #ahgb by ! ,bi%ops ( ! ,prote/ant ,episcopal ,*ur*1 :o1 9 _! conv5tion 9 ,baltimore1 decl>$ t by ! ^w reg5]ation we are n to und]/& a moral *ange4 ,if no moral *ange is effect$ by ,baptism1 !n !re is no *ange at all2 = c]ta9ly ,baptism produces no physical *ange 9 ! s\l4 ,is x no *ange to pass f s9 to virtue1 f a 8*ild ( wra?0 to be a 8*ild ( ,god20 f corruption to sanctification2 f ! condition ( heirs ( dea? to ! inh]itance ( heav58 ,if all ?is implies no moral *ange1 !n ^! words h lo/ _! mean+4 ,modes ( baptiz+4 ,! ,bapti/s err 9 ass]t+ t ,baptism by imm]sion is ! only valid mode4 ,baptism may be validly adm9i/]$ 9 ei!r ( ?ree ways1 viz3 by imm]sion1 or by plung+ ! c&idate into ! wat]2 by infusion1 or by p\r+ ! wat]2 & by asp]sion1 or spr9kl+4 ,z our ,"l n[h]e prescribes any special =m ( adm9i/]+ ! ,sacram5t1 ! ,*ur* ex]cises h] discretion 9 adopt+ ! mo/ conv5i5t mode1 accord+ to ! circum/ances ( "t & place4 ,= sev]al c5turies aft] ! e/abli%m5t ( ,*ri/ianity ,baptism 0 usually conf]r$ by imm]sion2 b s9ce ! twelf? c5tury ! practice ( baptis+ by infusion has prevail$ 9 ! ,ca?olic ,*ur*1 z ?is mann] is att5d$ ) less inconv5i5ce ?an ,baptism by imm]sion4 ,to prove t ,baptism by infusion or by spr9kl+ is z legitimate z by imm]sion1 x is only necess>y to obs]ve t1 ?\gh imm]sion 0 ! m common practice 9 ! ,primitive ,*ur*1 ! ,sacram5t 0 frequ5tly adm9i/]$ ev5 !n by infusion & asp]sion4 ,aft] ,/4 ,pet]'s fir/ disc\rse ?ree ?\s& p]sons 7 baptiz$47#cec7 ,x is n likely t s _m c\ld h be5 imm]s$ 9 "o day1 especially :5 we consid] ! "t occupi$ 9 in/ruct+ ! c&idates4 ,on read+ ! acc\nt ( ! ,baptism ( ,/4 ,paul & ! jail] ! context leaves a /rong impression on ! m9d t bo? receiv$ ! ,sacram5t by asp]sion or by infusion4 ,e>ly ecclesia/ical hi/ory records a great _m in/ances 9 :i* ,baptism 0 adm9i/]$ to sick p]sons 9 _! b$s1 to prison]s 9 _! cells1 & to p]sons on %ipbo>d4 ,! ,fa!rs ( ! ,*ur* nev] call$ 9 "q ! validity or ! legitimacy ( su* ,baptisms4 ,n[1 x is almo/ impossible to believe t c&idates 9 su* situations c\ld receive ! rite by imm]sion4 ,we h se51 moreov]1 t ,baptism has always be5 decl>$ necess>y = salvation4 ,x is reasonable1 h5ce1 to believe t our ,"l w\ld h af=d$ ! greate/ facility = ! reception ( s ess5tial a ,sacram5t4 ,b if ,baptism by imm]sion only is valid1 h[ _m sick & delicate p]sons1 h[ _m prison]s & seaf>+ p1 h[ _m ?\s&s liv+ 9 ! frigid zone1 or ev5 9 ! temp]ate zone1 9 ! dep? ( an inclem5t w9t]1 ?\gh crav+ ! grace ( reg5]ation1 w\ld be depriv$ ( ,god's seal1 or w\ld receive x at ! risk ( _! lives6 ,surely ,god does n ord9>ily impose ,8 ord9ances ^u u "u su* a p5alty4 ,moreov]1 if imm]sion is ! only valid =m ( ,baptism1 :at has become ( ! millions ( s\ls :o1 9 e age & c\ntry1 h be5 reg5]at$ by ! infusion or ! asp]sion ( wat] 9 ! ,*ri/ian ,*ur*8 ,*apt] ,,xx4 ,,! ,,sacram5t ,,( ,,confirmation4 ,confirmation is a ,sacram5t 9 :i*1 ?r\gh ! imposition ( ! ,bi%op's h&s1 unction & pray]1 baptiz$ p]sons receive ! ,holy ,gho/1 t !y may /eadfa/ly pr(ess _! fai? & lead upright lives4 ,?is ,sacram5t is call$ ,confirmation1 because x confirms or /r5g!ns ! s\l by ,div9e grace4 ,sometimes x is nam$ ! lay+ on ( h&s1 because ! ,bi%op imposes 8 h&s on ^? :om he confirms4 ,x is also kn[n by ! "n ( ,*rism1 because ! =ehead ( ! p]son confirm$ is ano9t$ ) *rism 9 ! =m ( a cross4 ,frequ5t m5tion is made ( ?is ,sacram5t 9 ! ,holy ,scripture4 ,9 ! ,acts x is writt5 t 8,:5 ! ,apo/les :o 7 9 ,j]usalem _h he>d t ,sam>ia _h receiv$ ! ,^w ( ,god !y s5t unto !m ,pet] & ,john1 :o1 :5 !y 7 come1 pray$ = !m t !y might receive ! ,holy ,gho/2 = ,he 0 n yet come ^u any ( !m1 b !y 7 only baptiz$ 9 ! "n ( ! ,"l ,jesus4 ,!n !y laid _! h&s on !m1 & !y receiv$ ! ,holy ,gho/407#ced7 ,x is also relat$ t ! disciples at ,ephesus 87 baptiz$ 9 ! "n ( ! ,"l ,jesus1 & :5 ,paul _h impos$ 8 h&s ^u !m ! ,holy ,gho/ came ^u !m & !y spoke tongues & prophesi$407#cee7 ,9 8 ,epi/le to ! ,hebrews ,/4 ,paul enum]ates ,confirmation1 or ! lay+ on ( h&s1 toge!r ) ,baptism & ,p5ance1 among ! fundam5tal tru?s ( ,*ri/ianity47#cef7 ,to ! ,cor9?ians he writes3 8,he t confirme? u ) y 9 ,*ri/1 & t ha? ano9t$ u1 is ,god2 :o also ha? seal$ u & giv5 ! pl$ge ( ! ,_s 9 our he>ts407#ceg7 ,god confirme? u 9 fai?2 ,he ha? ano9t$ u by spiritual unction1 typifi$ by ! sacr$ *rism :i* is m>k$ on our =eheads4 ,he ha? seal$ u by ! indelible "* /amp$ on our s\ls1 :i* is indicat$ by ! sign ( ! cross impress$ on u4 ,he ha? giv5 ! pl$ge ( ! ,holy ,gho/ 9 our he>ts1 by ! te/imony ( a good consci5ce1 z an e>ne/ ( future glory4 ,! ,bi%op p]=ms ! ext]nal unction1 b ,god1 8:o worke? all 9 all10 sanctifies ! s\l by ,8 secret op]ation4 ,x _c be ass]t$ t ! lay+ on ( h&s & ! graces :i* foll[$ f x1 z record$ 9 ! ,acts1 7 n int5d$ to be cont9u$ aft] ! ,apo/les' times1 = !re is no w>rant = su* an assumption4 ,?is function ( impos+ h&s =m$ z regul> & imp]ative a "p ( ! ,apo/olic m9i/ry z ! duties :i* !y ex]cis$ 9 prea*+1 baptiz+1 orda9+1 etc4 ,h5ce ! successors ( ! ,apo/les 9 ! n9ete5? c5tury h precisely ! same au?ority & obligation to confirm z !y h to prea*1 to baptize or to orda94 ,^? :o 7 confirm$ by ! ,apo/les usually gave evid5ce ( ! grace :i* !y receiv$ by prophecy1 ! gift ( tongues & ! manife/ation ( o!r miracul\s p[]s4 ,x may be ask$3 ,:y d n ^! gifts accompany n[ ! imposition ( h&s8 ,i answ]3 ,because !y are no long] ne$$4 ,! grace :i* ! ,apo/olic disciples receiv$ 0 = _! p]sonal sanctification4 ,! gift ( tongues :i* !y ex]cis$ 0 int5d$ by ,almighty ,god to edify & enlight5 ! spectators1 & to give ,div9e sanction to ! ,apo/olic m9i/ry4 ,b n[ t ! ,*ur* is firmly e/abli%$1 & ! ,div9e au?ority ( h] m9i/ry is cle>ly recogniz$1 ^! miracles are no long] necess>y4 ,/4 ,gregory illu/rates ?is po9t by a happy comp>ison3 ,z ! sapl+1 he says1 :5 x is fir/ plant$ is regul>ly wat]$ by ! g>d5]1 :o s(t5s ! e>? ar\nd x1 t ! sun & ! moi/ure may n\ri% its roots until x takes deep root & x no long] requires any special c>e1 s ! ,*ur* 9 h] infancy _h to be n\ri%$ by ! miracul\s p[] ( ,god4 ,b aft] x _h tak5 root 9 ! he>ts ( ! p & spread its bran*es ov] ! e>? x 0 left to ! ord9>y ag5cies ( ,provid5ce4 ,/4 ,augu/9e writes also on ! same subject3 8,9 ! fir/ days 7( ! ,*ur*7 ! ,holy ,gho/ came d[n on believ]s1 & !y spoke 9 tongues :i* !y _h n le>n$4444 ,^! 7 miracles suit$ to ! times4444 ,is x n[ expect$ t !y ^u :om h&s are laid %\ld speak ) tongues8 ,or1 :5 we impos$ h&s on ^! *ildr51 did ea* ( y wait to see :e!r !y w\ld speak ) tongues8444 ,if1 !n1 !re be n n[ a te/imony to ! pres5ce ( ! ,holy ,_s by means ( ^! miracles1 :5ce is x prov$ t he has receiv$ ! ,holy ,_s8 ,let him ask 8 own he>t2 if he loves 8 bro!r1 ! ,_s ( ,god abides 9 him407#ceh7 ,foll[+ 9 ! foot/eps ( ! ,apo/les we f9d ! ,fa!rs ( ! ,*ur*1 f ! e>lie/ age1 recogniz+ ,confirmation z a ,div9e & sacram5tal in/itution & proclaim+ its salut>y effects4 8,! fle%10 says ,t]tullian1 8is ano9t$1 t ! s\l may be consecrat$2 ! fle% is m>k$1 t ! s\l may be =tifi$2 ! fle% is ov]%ad[$ by ! imposition ( h&s1 t ! s\l may be enlight5$ ) ! ,_s407#cei7 ,/4 ,cyprian1 speak+ ( ! ,*ri/ians baptiz$ 9 ,sam>ia1 says3 8,because !y _h receiv$ ! legitimate baptism1 444 :at 0 want+1 t 0 done by ,pet] & ,john1 t pray] be+ made = !m & h&s impos$1 ! ,holy ,gho/ %\ld be invok$ & p\r$ =? ^u !m4 ,:i* n[ also is done among/ u1 s t !y :o are baptiz$ 9 ! ,*ur* are pres5t$ to ! ,bi%ops ( ! ,*ur*1 & by our pray] & imposition ( h&s !y receive ! ,holy ,gho/ & are p]fect$ ) ! seal ( ! ,"l407#cfj7 ,/4 ,cyril ( ,j]usalem comp>es ! sacr$ ,*rism 9 ,confirmation to ! ,eu*>i/3 8,y 7 ano9t$ ) oil1 be+ made %>]s & p>tn]s ( ,*ri/4 ,& see well t y reg>d x n z m]e o9tm5t2 =1 z ! bread ( ! ,eu*>i/1 aft] ! invocation ( ! ,holy ,gho/1 is no long] m]e bread b ! body ( ,*ri/1 s likewise ?is holy o9tm5t is no long] common o9tm5t aft] ! invocation1 b ! gift ( ,*ri/ & ( ! ,holy ,gho/1 be+ r5d]$ effici5t by ,8 ,div9ity4 ,y 7 ano9t$ on ! =ehead1 t y might be deliv]$ f ! %ame :i* ! fir/ transgressor always exp]i5c$1 & t y might contemplate ! glory ( ,god ) an unveil$ c\nt5ance4444 ,z ,*ri/1 aft] ,8 baptism & ! desc5t ( ! ,holy ,gho/ ^u ,him1 go+ =? ov]came ! adv]s>y1 s y likewise1 aft] holy baptism & ! my/]i\s unction1 clo!d ) ! panoply ( ! ,holy ,gho/1 /& aga9/ ! adv]se p[] & subdue x1 say+3 #8,i c d all ?+s 9 ,*ri/1 :o /r5g!ne? me4' 07#cfa7 ,/4 ,ambrose1 comm5t+ on ^! words ( ! ,apo/le1 8,god 444 ha? giv5 u ! pl$ge ( ! ,_s10 7,,ii4 ,cor4 i4 #bb7 expressly applies ! text to ! seal ( ,confirmation4 8,rememb]10 he says1 8t y h receiv$ ! spiritual seal1 ! _s ( wisdom & und]/&+1 ! _s ( c\nsel & =titude1 ! _s ( k & piety1 ! _s ( holy fe>4 ,god ! ,fa!r ha? seal$ y2 ,*ri/ ! ,"l ha? confirm$ y1 & ha? giv5 ! pl$ge ( ! ,_s 9 y\r he>ts1 z y h le>n$ f ! lesson read f ! ,apo/le407#cfb7 ,/4 ,ambrose "h speaks ( ! sev5fold gifts ( ! ,holy ,gho/ :i* are receiv$ 9 ,confirmation1 & e ,bi%op 9 our day invokes ^! same gifts on ^? :om he is ab\t to confirm4 8,d y "k10 writes ,/4 ,j]ome aga9/ ! sect ( ,lucif]ians ( 8 "t1 8t x is ! practice ( ! *ur*es t ! imposition ( h&s %\ld be p]=m$ ov] baptiz$ p]sons & ! ,holy ,gho/ ?us invok$8 ,d y ask :]e x is writt58 ,9 ! ,acts ( ! ,apo/les2 b 7 !re no ,scriptural au?ority at h& ! cons5t ( ! :ole _w 9 ?is reg>d w\ld h ! =ce ( law407#cfc7 8,y will+ly und]/&10 says ,/4 ,augu/9e1 8by ?is o9tm5t ! ,sacram5t ( ,*rism1 :i*1 inde$1 9 ! class ( visible seals is z sacr$ z ,baptism itself407#cfd7 ,! ,ori5tal s*ismatic *ur*es recognize ,confirmation z a ,sacram5t1 & adm9i/] ! rite z we d1 by ! imposition ( h&s & ! application ( *rism4 ,n[1 "s ( ^! *ur*es h be5 sep>at$ f ! ,ca?olic ,*ur* s9ce ! f\r? & fif? c5turies4 ,?is fact is an eloqu5t v9dication ( ! ,apo/olic antiquity ( ,confirmation1 & is an ample refutation ( ^? :o w\ld ascribe to x a m rec5t orig94 ,prote/antism1 :i* made su* havoc ( ! o!r ,sacram5ts1 did n fail to aboli% ,confirmation 9 its sweep+ revolution4 ,! ,episcopal *ur* reta9s1 inde$1 ! "n ( ,confirmation 9 its ritual1 & ev5 borr[s a portion ( our pray]s & c]emonial4 ,b1 9 opposition to ! uni=m tea*+ ( ! ,ca?olic1 z well z ( all ! ,ori5tal *ur*es1 bo? or?odox & s*ismatic1 x decl>es ,confirmation to be a m]e rite & n a ,sacram5t4 ,9 violation ( ! practice ( all antiquity x mutilates ! rite by omitt+ ! sacr$ unction4 ,x reta9s ! %ad[ )\t ! sub/ance4 ,x raises1 inde$1 its h&s ov] ! c&idates2 b !y are n ! ano9t$ h&s ( ,pet] or ,john1 or ,cyprian or ,augu/9e1 to :om x is said3 8,:atsoev] ?\ %alt bless1 let x be bless$2 :atsoev] ?\ %alt sanctify1 let x be sanctifi$407#cfe7 ,_! h&s 7 lift$ up ) au?ority & clo!d ) sup]natural p[]2 b ! h&s ( ! ,episcopal ,bi%ops are spiritually p>alyz$ by ! suicidal act ( ! ,re=m]s1 & !y expressly disclaim any sacram5tal efficacy 9 ! rite :i* !y adm9i/]4 ,*apt] ,,xxi4 ,,! ,,holy ,,eu*>i/4 ,among ! v>i\s dogmas ( ! ,ca?olic ,*ur* !re is none :i* re/s on /rong] ,scriptural au?ority ?an ! doctr9e ( ! ,real ,pres5ce ( ,jesus ,*ri/ 9 ! ,holy ,eu*>i/4 ,s copi\s1 inde$1 & s cle> are ! passages ( ! ,new ,te/am5t :i* treat ( ?is subject t ,i am at a loss to det]m9e :i* to select1 & f9d x difficult to compress !m all )9 ! compass ( ?is %ort *apt]4 ,! ,evangeli/s d n always dwell ^u ! same my/]ies ( religion4 ,_! practice is r to supplem5t ea* o!r1 s t "o ( !m w m5tion :at ! o!rs h omitt$ or h t\*$ 9 a cursory way4 ,b 9 reg>d to ! ,bless$ ,eu*>i/ ! sacr$ writ]s exhibit a m>k$ deviation f ?is rule4 ,we f9d t ! f\r ,evangeli/s1 toge!r ) ,/4 ,paul1 h writt5 s explicitly & abundantly on ?is subject t "o ( !m alone w\ld be amply suffici5t to prove ! dogma )\t tak+ !m collectively4 ,^! five inspir$ writ]s gave ! weight ( _! individual te/imony to ! doctr9e ( ! ,eu*>i/ because !y =esaw--or r ! ,holy ,gho/1 speak+ ?r\gh !m1 =esaw--t ?is great my/]y1 :i* exacts s /rong an ex]cise ( our fai?1 & :i* bids u b[ d[n our 8und]/&+ unto ! ob$i5ce ( ,*ri/107#cff7 w\ld meet ) opposition 9 ! c\rse ( "t f ^? :o w\ld measure ! infallible ,^w ( ,god by ! err+ /&>d ( _! own judgm5t4 ,i %all select ?ree classes ( argum5ts f ! ,new ,te/am5t :i* satisfactorily demon/rate ! ,real ,pres5ce ( ,*ri/ 9 ! ,bless$ ,sacram5t4 ,! fir/ ( ^! texts speaks ( ! promise ( ! ,eu*>i/1 ! second ( its in/itution & ! ?ird ( its use among ! fai?ful4 ,to beg9 ) ! words ( ! promise4 ,:ile ,jesus 0 once prea*+ ne> ! coa/ ( ! ,sea ( ,galilee ,he 0 foll[$1 z usual1 by an imm5se multitude ( p]sons1 :o 7 attract$ to ,him by ! miracles :i* ,he wr\ght & ! words ( salvation :i* he spoke4 ,see+ t ! p _h no food1 ,he multipli$ five loaves & two fi%es to su* an ext5t z to supply ! wants ( five ?\s& m51 besides wom5 & *ildr54 ,our ,"l consid]$ ! pres5t a favorable occasion = speak+ ( ! ,sacram5t ( ,8 body & blood1 :i* 0 to be di/ribut$1 n to a few ?\s&s1 b to millions ( s\ls2 n 9 "o place1 b ev]y:]e2 n at "o "t1 b = all days1 to ! end ( ! _w4 8,i am10 ,he says to ,8 he>]s1 8! bread ( life4 ,y\r fa!rs did eat manna 9 ! des]t & di$4444 ,i am ! liv+ bread :i* came d[n f heav54 ,if any man eat ( ?is bread he %all live =ev]1 & ! bread :i* ,i w give is ,my fle% = ! life ( ! _w4 ,! ,jews1 !re=e1 disput$ among !mselves1 say+3 ,h[ c ?is man give u ,8 fle% to eat8 ,!n ,jesus said to !m3 ,am51 am51 ,i say to y3 ,unless ye eat ! fle% ( ! ,son ( ,man & dr9k ,8 blood1 ye %all n h life 9 y4 ,he t eate? ,my fle% & dr9ke? ,my blood ha? ev]la/+ life1 & ,i w raise him up on ! la/ day4 ,= ,my fle% is meat inde$1 & ,my blood dr9k inde$407#cfg7 ,if ^! words _h fall5 on y\r e>s = ! fir/ "t1 & if y _h be5 among ! numb] ( our ,savior's he>]s on t occasion1 w\ld y n h be5 irresi/ibly l$1 by ! noble simplicity ( ,8 words1 to und]/& ,him z speak+ truly ( ,8 body & blood8 ,= ,8 language is n susceptible ( any o!r int]pretation4 ,:5 our ,savior says to ! ,jews3 8,y\r fa!rs did eat manna & di$1 444 b he t eate? ?is 7,eu*>i/ic7 bread %all live =ev]10 ,he evid5tly wi%es to affirm ! sup]iority ( ! food :i* ,he w\ld give1 ov] ! manna by :i* ! *ildr5 ( ,israel 7 n\ri%$4 ,n[1 if ! ,eu*>i/ 7 m]ely commemorative bread & w9e1 in/ead ( be+ sup]ior1 x w\ld be really inf]ior to ! manna2 = ! manna 0 sup]natural1 heav5ly1 miracul\s food1 :ile bread & w9e are a natural1 e>?ly food4 ,b ! be/ & ! mo/ reliable int]pret]s ( our ,savior's words are c]ta9ly ! multitude & ! disciples :o are li/5+ to ,him4 ,!y all und]/ood ! import ( ,8 language precisely z x is expla9$ by ! ,ca?olic ,*ur*4 ,!y believ$ t our ,"l spoke lit]ally ( ,8 body & blood4 ,! ,evangeli/ tells u t ! ,jews 8disput$ among !mselves1 say+3 ,h[ c ?is man give u ,8 fle% to eat80 ,ev5 ,8 disciples1 ?\gh avoid+ ! disrespectful language ( ! multitude1 gave expression to _! d\bt 9 ?is mild] =m3 8,?is say+ is h>d1 & :o c he> x807#cfh7 ,s mu* 7 !y %ock$ at our ,savior's promise t 8aft] ?is _m ( ,8 disciples w5t back & walk$ no m ) ,him407#cfi7 ,!y evid5tly impli$1 by _! words & conduct1 t !y und]/ood ,jesus to h spok5 lit]ally ( ,8 fle%2 =1 _h !y int]pret$ ,8 words 9 a figurative s5se1 x w\ld n h be5 a h>d say+1 nor h l$ !m to ab&on _! ,ma/]4 ,b1 p]haps1 ,i %all be told t ! disciples & ! ,jews :o he>d our ,savior may h mis9t]pret$ ,8 mean+ by tak+ ,8 words 9 ! lit]al acceptation1 :ile ,he may h spok5 9 a figurative s5se4 ,?is objection is easily dispos$ (4 ,x sometimes happ5$1 inde$1 t our ,savior 0 misund]/ood by ,8 he>]s4 ,on su* occasions ,he always took c>e to remove f _! m9d ! wrong impression !y _h =m$ by /at+ ,8 mean+ 9 simpl] language4 ,?us1 = in/ance1 hav+ told ,nicodemus t unless a man be born aga9 he _c ent] ! k+dom ( heav51 & hav+ obs]v$ t ,8 mean+ 0 n correctly appreh5d$ by ?is disciple our ,savior add$3 8,unless a man be born aga9 ( wat] & ! ,holy ,gho/ he _c ent] ! k+dom ( heav5407#cgj7 ,& aga91 :5 he w>n$ ,8 disciples aga9/ ! leav5 ( ! ,ph>isees1 & f9d+ t !y _h tak5 an errone\s mean+ f ,8 ^w1 ,he imm$iately subjo9$ t !y %\ld bew>e ( ! doctr9e ( ! ,ph>isees47#cga7 ,b 9 ! pres5t in/ance does our ,savior alt] ,8 language :5 ,he f9ds ,8 words tak5 9 ! lit]al s5se8 ,does ,he tell ,8 he>]s t ,he has spok5 figuratively8 ,does ,he s(t5 ! tone ( ,8 expression8 ,f> f weak5+ ! =ce ( ,8 words ,he repeats :at ,he said be=e1 & 9 language m emphatic3 8,am51 am51 ,i say unto y1 ,unless ye eat ! fle% ( ! ,son ( man1 & dr9k ,8 blood1 ye %all n h life 9 y40 ,:5 our ,savior beheld ! ,jews & _m ( ,8 disciples ab&on+ ,him1 turn+ to ! *os5 twelve1 ,he said feel+ly to !m3 8,w ye also g away8 ,& ,simon ,pet] answ]$ ,him3 ,"l1 to :om %all we g8 ,?\ ha/ ! words ( et]nal life407#cgb7 ,y1 my de> read]1 mu/ also take y\r *oice4 ,w y reply ) ! ,jews1 or ) ! disciples ( little fai?1 or ) ,pet]8 ,ah6 let "s say ) ! unbeliev+ ,jews3 8,h[ c ?is man give u ,8 fle% to eat80 ,let o!rs say ) ! unfai?ful disciples3 8,?is is a h>d say+4 ,:o c he> x80 ,b d y say ) ,pet]3 8,"l1 to :om %all we g8 ,?\ ha/ ! words ( et]nal life40 ,s f> ,i h dwelt on ! words ( ! ,promise4 ,i %all n[ proce$ to ! words ( ! ,in/itution1 :i* are giv5 9 almo/ ! same expressions by ,/4 ,mat!w1 ,/4 ,m>k & ,/4 ,luke4 ,9 ! ,gospel accord+ to ,/4 ,mat!w we read ! foll[+ n>rative3 8,& :ile !y 7 at supp]1 ,jesus took bread1 & bless$ & broke & gave to ,8 disciples & said3 ,take ye & eat4 ,?is is ,my body4 ,& tak+ ! *alice1 ,he gave ?anks & gave to !m1 say+3 ,dr9k ye all ( ?is2 = ?is is ,my blood ( ! ,new ,te/am5t1 :i* %all be %$ = _m unto remission ( s9s407#cgc7 ,i beg y to recall to m9d ! =m] text relative to ! ,promise & to comp>e x ) ?is4 ,h[ admirably !y fit toge!r1 l two l9ks 9 a *a96 ,h[ fai?fully has ,jesus fulfill$ ! ,promise :i* ,he made6 ,c\ld any idea be express$ 9 cle>] t]ms ?an ^!3 ,?is is ,my body2 ?is is ,my blood8 ,:y is ! ,ca?olic int]pretation ( ^! words reject$ by ,prote/ants8 ,is x because ! text is 9 itself obscure & ambigu\s8 ,by no means2 b simply because !y d n compreh5d h[ ,god c\ld p]=m s /up5d\s a miracle z to give ,8 body & blood = our spiritual n\ri%m5t4 ,is1 !n1 ! p[] or ! m]cy ( ,god to be measur$ by ! n>r[ rule ( ! human und]/&+8 ,is ! ,almighty n p]mitt$ to d any?+ except :at we c sanction by our reason8 ,is a ?+ to be decl>$ impossible because we _c see its possibility8 ,has n ,god creat$ ! heav5s & ! e>? out ( no?+ by ! fiat ( ,8 ^w8 ,:at a my/]y is ?is6 ,does ,he n hold ?is _w 9 ! mid/ ( space8 ,does ,he n trans=m ! t9y blade into nutriti\s gra98 ,did ,he n fe$ upw>ds ( five ?\s& p]sons ) five loaves & two fi%es8 ,:at a my/]y6 ,did ,he n ra9 d[n manna f heav5 = =ty ye>s to fe$ ! *ildr5 ( ,israel 9 ! des]t8 ,did ,he n *ange riv]s into blood 9 ,egypt1 & wat] into w9e at ! w$d+ ( ,cana8 ,does he n daily make dev\t s\ls ! tab]nacles ( ! ,holy ,gho/8 ,& %all we h ! h>dihood to d5y1 9 spite ( our ,"l's pla9 decl>ation1 t ,god1 :o works ^! wond]s1 is able to *ange bread & w9e into ,8 body & blood = ! food ( our s\ls8 ,y tell me x is a my/]y above y\r compreh5sion4 ,a my/]y1 inde$4 ,a religion t rejects a reveal$ tru? because x is incompreh5sible conta9s 9 itself ! se$s ( dissolution & w end 9 rationalism4 ,is n ev]y?+ ar\nd u a my/]y8 ,are we n a my/]y to ourselves8 ,expla9 to me h[ ! blood circulates 9 y\r ve9s1 h[ ! s\l animates & p]meates ! :ole body1 h[ ! h& moves at ! w ( ! s\l4 ,expla9 to me ! my/]y ( life & dea?4 ,is n ! ,scripture full ( incompreh5sible my/]ies8 ,d y n believe 9 ! ,tr9ity--a my/]y n only above1 b app>5tly contr>y to1 reason8 ,d y n admit ! ,inc>nation--t ! helpless infant 9 ,be?lehem 0 ,god8 ,i und]/& :y ,rationali/s1 :o admit no?+ above _! reason1 reject ! ,real ,pres5ce2 b t ,bible ,*ri/ians %\ld reject x is to me incompreh5sible4 ,b d ^? :o reject ! ,ca?olic int]pretation expla9 ?is text to _! own satisfaction3 8,?is is ,my body1 etc80 ,alas6 "h _! burd5 beg9s4 ,only a few ye>s aft] ! e>ly ,re=m]s _h reject$ ! ,ca?olic doctr9e ( ! ,eu*>i/ no few] ?an "o hundr$ mean+s 7 giv5 to ^! words3 8,?is is ,my body40 ,x is f> easi] to de/roy ?an to rebuild4 ,let me n[ (f] y "s additional reasons 9 favor ( ! ,ca?olic or lit]al s5se4 ,accord+ to a common rule obs]v$ 9 ! int]pretation ( ! ,holy ,scripture1 we mu/ always take ! words 9 _! lit]al signification1 unless we h "s special reason :i* obliges u to accept !m 9 a figurative mean+4 ,n[1 9 ! pres5t in/ance1 f> f be+ =c$ to employ ! words above quot$ 9 a figurative s5se1 e circum/ance connect$ ) ! deliv]y ( !m obliges u to int]pret !m 9 _! pla9 & lit]al acceptation4 ,to :om did our ,savior address ^! words8 ,at :at "t & "u :at circum/ances did ,he speak8 ,he 0 address+ ,8 few *os5 disciples1 to :om ,he promis$ to speak 9 future1 n 9 p>ables nor 9 obscure language1 b 9 ! words ( simple tru?4 ,he utt]$ ^! words ! night be=e ,8 ,passion4 ,& :5 w a p]son use pla9] spee* ?an at ! po9t ( dea?8 ,^! words3 8,?is is ,my body2 ?is is ,my blood10 embodi$ a new dogma ( fai? :i* all 7 oblig$ to believe1 & a new law :i* all 7 oblig$ to practice4 ,!y 7 ! la/ w & te/am5t ( our bless$ ,savior4 ,:at language %\ld be pla9] ?an t :i* conta9s an article ( fai?8 ,:at words %\ld be m free f tropes & figures ?an ^? :i* en=ce a ,div9e law8 ,b1 above all1 :]e w y f9d any words m pla9 & unv>ni%$ ?an ^? conta9$ 9 a la/ w8 ,n[1 if we und]/& ^! words 9 _! pla9 & obvi\s2 t is1 9 _! ,ca?olic1 s5se1 no language c be m simple & intelligible4 ,b if we dep>t f ! ,ca?olic int]pretation1 !n x is impossible to atta* to !m any reasonable mean+4 ,we n[ arrive at ! ?ird class ( ,scripture texts :i* h ref]5ce to ! use or reception ( ! ,sacram5t among ! fai?ful4 ,:5 ,jesus1 z y rememb]1 in/itut$ ! ,eu*>i/ at ,8 la/ ,supp] ,he comm&$ ,8 disciples & _! successors to r5ew1 till ! end ( "t1 9 remembrance ( ,him1 ! c]emony :i* ,he p]=m$4 ,:at ,i h done1 d ye also 8= a commemoration ( ,me407#cgd7 ,we h a v satisfactory means ( asc]ta9+ ! ,apo/olic belief 9 ! doctr9e ( ! ,eu*>i/ by exam9+ :at ! ,apo/les did 9 commemoration ( our ,"l4 ,did !y bless & di/ribute m]e bread & w9e to ! fai?ful1 or did !y consecrate1 z !y believ$1 ! body & blood ( ,jesus ,*ri/8 ,if !y pr(ess$ to give only bread & w9e 9 memory ( our ,"l's ,supp]1 !n ! ,ca?olic int]pretation falls to ! gr\nd4 ,if1 on ! contr>y1 we f9d ! ,apo/les & _! successors1 f ! fir/ to ! n9ete5? c5tury1 pr(ess+ to consecrate & disp5se ! body & blood ( ,*ri/1 & do+ s by virtue ( ! comm& ( _! ,savior1 !n ! ,ca?olic int]pretation alone is admissible4 ,let ,/4 ,paul be our fir/ witness4 ,repres5t y\rself z a memb] ( ! primitive ,*ri/ian congregation assembl$ 9 ,cor9?4 ,ab\t eighte5 ye>s aft] ,/4 ,mat!w wrote 8 ,gospel1 a lett] is read f ! ,apo/le ,paul1 9 :i* ! foll[+ words occur3 8,! *alice ( b5$iction :i* we bless1 is x n ! communion ( ! blood ( ,*ri/8 & ! bread :i* we break1 is x n ! p>tak+ ( ! body ( ! ,"l8444 ,=1 ,i h receiv$ ( ! ,"l t :i* also ,i deliv]$ to y1 t ! ,"l ,jesus1 on ! night 9 :i* he 0 betray$1 took bread1 & giv+ ?anks1 brake x1 & said3 ,take & eat3 ?is is ,my body :i* %all be deliv]$ = y4 ,?is d = ! commemoration ( ,me4 ,9 l mann] also ! *alice1 aft] ! supp]1 say+3 ,?is cup is ! ,new ,cov5ant 9 ,my blood4 ,?is d ye1 z (t5 z ye %all dr9k1 = ! commemoration ( ,me4 ,=1 z (t5 z ye %all eat ?is bread1 & dr9k ! cup1 ye %all %[ ! dea? ( ! ,"l until ,he come4 ,!re=e1 :oev] %all eat ?is bread1 or dr9k ! *alice ( ! ,"l unwor?ily1 %all be guilty ( ! body & ( ! blood ( ! ,"l4 ,b let a man prove himself2 & s let him eat ( t bread & dr9k ( ! *alice4 ,=1 he :o eate? & dr9ke? unwor?ily1 eate? & dr9ke? judgm5t to himself1 n disc]n+ ! body ( ! ,"l407#cge7 ,c\ld ,/4 ,paul express m cle>ly 8 belief 9 ! ,real ,pres5ce ?an he has done "h8 ,! ,apo/le di/9ctly affirms t ! *alice & bread :i* he & 8 fell[ ,apo/les bless is a p>ticipation ( ! body & blood ( ,*ri/4 ,& surely no "o c\ld be said to p>take ( t div9e food by eat+ ord9>y bread4 ,m>k ^! words ( ! ,apo/le3 ,:osoev] %all take ! ,sacram5t unwor?ily 8%all be guilty ( ! body & blood ( ! ,"l40 ,:at a he9\s crime6 ,= ^! words signify t he :o receives ! ,sacram5t unwor?ily %all be guilty ( ! s9 ( high treason1 & ( %$d+ ! blood ( 8 ,"l 9 va94 ,b h[ c\ld he be guilty ( a crime s enorm\s1 if he _h tak5 9 ! ,eu*>i/ only a p>ticle ( bread & w9e4 ,w\ld a man be accus$ ( homicide1 9 ?is commonweal?1 if he 7 to (f] viol5ce to ! /atue or pa9t+ ( ! gov]nor8 ,c]ta9ly n4 ,9 l mann]1 ,/4 ,paul w\ld n be s unreasonable z to decl>e a man guilty ( trampl+ on ! blood ( 8 ,savior by dr9k+ 9 an unwor?y mann] a little w9e 9 memory ( ,him4 ,/udy also ^! words3 8,he :o eate? & dr9ke? unwor?ily eate? & dr9ke? condemnation to himself1 n disc]n+ ! body ( ! ,"l40 ,! unwor?y receiv] is condemn$ = n recogniz+ or disc]n+ 9 ! ,eu*>i/ ! body ( ! ,"l4 ,h[ c\ld he be blam$ = n disc]n+ ! body ( ! ,"l1 if !re 7 only bread & w9e be=e him8 ,h5ce1 if ! words ( ,/4 ,paul are figuratively und]/ood1 !y are di/ort$1 =c$ & exagg]at$ t]ms1 )\t mean+ or tru?4 ,b1 if !y are tak5 lit]ally1 !y are full ( s5se & ( awful significance1 & an eloqu5t comm5t>y on ! words ,i h quot$ f ! ,evangeli/4 ,! ,fa!rs ( ! ,*ur*1 )\t an exception1 re-e*o ! language ( ! ,apo/le ( ! ,g5tiles by proclaim+ ! ,real ,pres5ce ( our ,"l 9 ! ,eu*>i/4 ,i h c\nt$ ! names ( sixty-?ree ,fa!rs & em95t ,ecclesia/ical writ]s fl\ri%+ betwe5 ! fir/ & six? c5tury all ( :om proclaim ! ,real ,pres5ce--"s by expla9+ ! my/]y1 o!rs by ?ank+ ,god = 8 ine/imable gift1 & o!rs by exhort+ ! fai?ful to its wor?y reception4 ,f su* a ho/ ( witnesses ,i c select "h only a few at r&om4 ,/4 ,ignatius1 a disciple ( ,/4 ,pet]1 speak+ ( a sect call$ ,gno/ics1 says3 8,!y ab/a9 f ! ,eu*>i/ & pray]1 because !y confess n t ! ,eu*>i/ & pray] is ! fle% ( our ,savior ,jesus ,*ri/40 ,/4 ,ju/9 ,m>tyr1 9 an apology to ! ,emp]or ,anton9us1 writes 9 ! second c5tury3 8,we d n receive ^! ?+s z common bread & dr9k2 b z ,jesus ,*ri/ our ,savior 0 made fle% by ! ^w ( ,god1 ev5 s we h be5 taught t ! ,eu*>i/ is bo? ! fle% & ! blood ( ! same inc>nate ,jesus40 ,orig5 7?ird c5tury7 writes3 8,if ?\ wilt g up ) ,*ri/ to celebrate ! ,passov]1 ,he w give to !e t bread ( b5$iction1 ,8 own body1 & w v\*safe to !e ,8 own blood40 ,/4 ,cyril1 ( ,j]usalem 7f\r? c5tury71 in/ruct+ ! ,cate*um5s1 obs]ves3 8,he ,himself hav+ decl>$1 ,?is is ,my body1 :o %all d>e to d\bt h5ce=w>d8 ,& ,he hav+ said1 ,?is is ,my blood1 :o %all ev] d\bt1 say+3 ,?is is n ,8 blood8 ,he once at ,cana turn$ wat] into w9e1 :i* is ak9 to blood2 & is ,he undes]v+ ( belief :5 ,he turn$ w9e into blood80 ,he seems to be argu+ ) mod]n unbelief4 ,/4 ,john ,*ryso/om1 :o di$ 9 ! beg9n+ ( ! fif? c5tury1 prea*+ on ! ,eu*>i/1 says3 8,if ?\ w]t inde$ incorporeal1 ,he w\ld h deliv]$ to !e ^? same incorporeal gifts )\t cov]+4 ,b s9ce ! s\l is unit$ to ! body1 ,he deliv]s to !e 9 ?+s p]ceptible to ! s5ses ! ?+s to be appreh5d$ by ! und]/&+4 ,h[ _m n[adays say3 #8,w\ld t !y c\ld look ^u ,8 7,jesus'7 =m1 ,8 figure1 ,8 raim5t1 ,8 %oes4 ,lo6 ?\ see/ ,him1 t\*e/ ,him1 eate/ ,him4' 0 ,/4 ,augu/9e 7fif? c5tury71 address+ ! newly-baptiz$1 says3 8,i promis$ y a disc\rse :]e9 ,i w\ld expla9 ! sacram5t ( ! ,"l's table1 :i* sacram5t y ev5 n[ behold1 & ( :i* y 7 la/ night made p>tak]s4 ,y ought to "k :at y h receiv$4 ,! bread :i* y see on ! alt>1 aft] be+ sanctifi$ by ! ^w ( ,god1 is ! body ( ,*ri/4 ,t *alice1 aft] be+ sanctifi$ by ! ^w ( ,god1 is ! blood ( ,*ri/407#cgf7 ,b :y multiply au?orities8 ,at ! pres5t day e ,*ri/ian communion ?r\gh\t ! _w1 ) ! sole exception ( ,prote/ants1 proclaim its belief 9 ! ,real ,pres5ce ( ,*ri/ 9 ! ,sacram5t4 ,! ,ne/orians & ,euty*ians1 :o sep>at$ f ! ,ca?olic ,*ur* 9 ! fif? c5tury1 admit ! corporeal pres5ce ( our ,"l 9 ! ,eu*>i/4 ,su* also is ! fai? ( ! ,greek *ur*1 :i* sec$$ f u a ?\s& ye>s ago1 ( ! ,pres5t ,russian *ur*1 ( ! s*ismatic ,copts1 ! ,syrians1 ,*aldeans1 ,arm5ians1 &1 9 %ort1 ( all ! ,ori5tal sects no long] 9 communion ) ! ,see ( ,rome4 ,*apt] ,,xxii4 ,,communion ,,"u ,,"o ,,k9d4 ,our ,savior gave communion "u bo? =ms ( bread & w9e to ,8 ,apo/les at ! la/ ,supp]4 ,(ficiat+ ,bi%ops & ,prie/s are always requir$1 except on ,good ,friday1 to communicate "u bo? k9ds4 ,b ev5 ! cl]gy ( e rank1 includ+ ! ,pope1 receive only ( ! consecrat$ bread unless :5 !y celebrate ,mass4 ,! ,*ur* tea*es t ,*ri/ is conta9$ :ole & entire "u ea* species2 s t :oev] communicates "u ! =m ( bread or ( w9e receives n a mutilat$ ,sacram5t or a divid$ ,savior1 b %>es 9 ! :ole ,sacram5t z fully z if he p>ticipat$ 9 bo? =ms4 ,h5ce1 ! layman :o receives ! consecrat$ ,bread p>takes z copi\sly ( ! body & blood ( ,*ri/ z ! (ficiat+ ,prie/ :o receives bo? consecrat$ elem5ts4 ,our ,"l says3 8,i am ! liv+ bread :i* came d[n f ,heav54 ,if any man eat ( ?is bread1 he %all live =ev]2 & ! bread :i* ,i w give is ,my fle%1 = ! life ( ! _w4444 ,he t eate? ,me ! same also %all live by ,me4 ,he t eate? ?is bread %all live =ev]407#cgg7 ,f ?is passage x is evid5t t :oev] p>takes ( ! =m ( bread p>takes ( ! liv+ fle% ( ,jesus ,*ri/1 :i* is insep>able f ,8 blood1 & :i*1 be+ n[ 9 a glori\s /ate1 _c be divid$2 =1 8,*ri/ ris+ f ! dead1 die? n[ no m407#cgh7 ,our ,"l1 9 ,8 words quot$1 makes no ref]5ce to ! sacram5tal cup1 b only to ! ,eu*>i/ic bread1 to :i* ,he ascribes all ! efficacy :i* is atta*$ to communion "u bo? k9ds1 viz41 union ) ,him1 spiritual life1 et]nal salvation4 ,/4 ,paul1 writ+ to ! ,cor9?ians1 says3 8,:osoev] %all eat ?is bread1 or dr9k ! *alice ( ! ,"l unwor?ily1 %all be guilty ( ! body & ( ! blood ( ! ,"l407#cgi7 ,! ,apo/le "h pla9ly decl>es t1 by an unwor?y p>ticipation 9 ! ,"l's ,supp]1 "u ! =m ( ei!r bread or w9e1 we pr(ane bo? ! body & ! blood ( ,*ri/4 ,h[ c\ld ?is be s1 unless ,*ri/ is entirely conta9$ "u ea* species8 ,s =cibly1 inde$1 did ! ,apo/le ass]t ! ,ca?olic doctr9e t ! ,prote/ant translators h p]v]t$ ! text by r5d]+ x3 8,:osoev] %all eat ?is bread & dr9k ! *alice10 sub/itut+ & = or1 9 contradiction to ! ,greek orig9al1 ( :i* ! ,ca?olic v]sion is an exact translation4 ,x is also ! receiv$ doctr9e ( ! ,fa!rs t ! ,eu*>i/ is conta9$ 9 all its integrity ei!r 9 ! consecrat$ bread or 9 ! *alice4 ,/4 ,augu/9e1 :o may be tak5 z a sample ( ! re/1 says t 8ea* "o receives ,*ri/ ! ,"l entire "u ea* p>ticle407#chj7 ,lu!r himself1 ev5 aft] 8 revolt1 0 s cle>ly conv9c$ ( ?is tru? t he 0 an uncompromis+ advocate ( communion "u "o k9d4 8,if any ,c\ncil10 he says1 8%\ld decree or p]mit bo? species1 we w\ld by no means acquiesce2 b1 9 spite ( ! ,c\ncil & its /atute1 we w\ld use "o =m1 or nei!r1 & nev] bo?407#cha7 ,leibnitz1 ! em95t ,prote/ant div9e1 obs]ves3 8,x _c be d5i$ t ,*ri/ is receiv$ entire by virtue ( concomitance1 "u ea* species2 nor is ,8 fle% sep>at$ f ,8 blood407#chb7 ,z ! same virtue is conta9$ 9 ! ,sacram5t1 :e!r adm9i/]$ 9 "o or bo? =ms1 ! fai?ful ga9 no?+ by receiv+ "u bo? k9ds1 & lose no?+ by receiv+ "u "o =m4 ,consequ5tly1 we n[h]e f9d our ,savior requir+ ! communion to be adm9i/]$ to ! fai?ful "u bo? =ms2 b ,he has left ?is matt] to be regulat$ by ! wisdom & discretion ( ! ,*ur*1 z ,he has done ) reg>d to ! mann] ( adm9i/]+ ,baptism4 ,our ,r$eem]1 x is true1 has said3 8,dr9k ye all ( ?is40 ,b x %\ld be rememb]$ t ^! words 7 address$ n to ! p at l>ge1 b only to ! ,apo/les1 :o alone 7 also comm&$1 on ! same occasion1 to consecrate ,8 body & blood 9 remembrance ( ,him4 ,n[ we h no m "r to inf] t ! fai?ful are oblig$ to dr9k ( ! cup1 because ! ,apo/les 7 comm&$ to dr9k ( x1 ?an we h to suppose t ! laity are requir$ or all[$ to consecrate ! bread & w9e1 because ! p[] ( do+ s 0 at ! la/ ,supp] conf]r$ on ! ,apo/les4 ,x is true also t our ,"l said to ! p3 8,unless ye eat ! fle% ( ! ,son ( man1 & dr9k ,8 blood1 ye %all n h life 9 y40 ,b ?is comm& is lit]ally fulfill$ by ! laity :5 !y p>take ( ! consecrat$ bread1 :i*1 z we h se51 conta9s ,*ri/ ! ,"l 9 all ,8 integrity4 ,h5ce1 if our ,savior has said3 8,:oso eate? ,my fle%1 & dr9ke? ,my blood1 ha? ev]la/+ life10 ,he has also said3 8,! bread :i* ,i w give is ,my fle%1 = ! life ( ! _w40 ,x seems to me t ! *>ge ( )hold+ ! cup comes ) v bad grace f ,prote/ant tea*]s1 :o de/roy ! :ole intr9sic virtue ( ! ,sacram5t by giv+ to _! foll[]s no?+ b bread & w9e4 ,! diff]5ce betwe5 !m & u lies 9 ?is--t "u "o =m we give ! sub/ance1 :ile !y "u two =ms confess$ly give only ! %ad[4 ,9 exam9+ ! hi/ory ( ! ,*ur* on ! subject we f9d t up to ! twelf? c5tury communion 0 sometimes di/ribut$ 9 "o =m1 sometimes 9 ano!r1 commonly 9 bo?4 ,fir/--,/4 ,luke tells u t ! conv]ts ( ,j]usalem 87 p]sev]+ 9 ! doctr9e ( ! ,apo/les1 & 9 ! communion ( bread 7z ! ,eu*>i/ 0 sometimes famili>ly call$71 & 9 pray]407#chc7 ,aga9 he speaks ( ! ,*ri/ian disciples assembl$ at ,troas on ! ,"l's day1 8to break bread407#chd7 ,we are l$ to conclude f ^! passages t ! ,apo/les sometimes di/ribut$ ! communion 9 ! =m ( bread alone1 z no ref]5ce is made to ! cup4 ,x 0 c]ta9ly ! cu/om to c>ry to ! sick only ! consecrat$ ,ho/4 ,surely if !re is any p]iod ( life :5 no?+ %\ld be neglect$ :i* conduces to salvation x is ! "t ( approa*+ dea?4 ,eusebius tells u t ! ag$ ,s]apion receiv$ only ! ,sacr$ ,bread at ! h&s ( ! ,prie/4 ,9 ! ,life ( ,/4 ,ambrose we are told t 9 8 la/ illness ! consecrat$ ,ho/ alone 0 giv5 to ,him4 ,! ,*ri/ians 9 "t ( p]secution1 confessors ( ! fai? conf9$ 9 prison1 travell]s on _! j\rney1 soldi]s be=e engag+ 9 battle & h]mits liv+ 9 ! des]t 7 p]mitt$ to keep ) !m & to =tify !mselves ) ! consecrat$ ,bread--z ,t]tullian1 ,cyprian1 ,basil1 ,ambrose & o!r ,fa!rs ( ! ,*ur* te/ify4 ,moreov]1 ! ,mass ( ! ,presanctifi$1 celebrat$ 9 ! ,lat9 *ur* on ,good ,friday only1 & 9 ! ,greek *ur* on e day 9 ,l5t1 except ,saturdays & ,sundays1 ! (ficiat+ ,prie/ receives ! consecrat$ ,bread alone47#che7 ,9 all ^! in/ances ! communicants nev] d\bt$ t !y receiv$ ! ,"l's ,supp] 9 its integrity4 ,surely ! consci5ti\s guides ( ! fai? w\ld soon] )hold altoge!r ! ,sacr$ ,ho/ f _! flocks ?an p]mit !m to p>take ( a mutilat$ ,sacram5t4 ,second--,9 ! primitive days ( ! ,*ur* ! ,holy ,communion us$ to be imp>t$ to infants1 b only 9 ! =m ( w9e4 ,! ,prie/ dipp$ 8 f+] 9 ! consecrat$ *alice & gave x to be suck$ by ! infant4 ,?is cu/om prevails to ?is day among ! s*ismatic ,*ri/ians ( all ,ori5tal rites4 ,9 "s in/ances ! ,sacr$ ,ho/1 saturat$ 9 ! cup1 is giv5 to ! *ild47#chf7 ,?ird--,public ,communion 01 inde$1 usually adm9i/]$ 9 ! fir/ ages "u bo? =ms4 ,! fai?ful1 h[ev]1 _h ! privilege ( disp5s+ ) ! cup & ( p>tak+ only ( ! bread until ! "t ( ,pope ,gelasius1 9 ! fif? c5tury1 :5 ?is g5]al1 b hi!rto optional1 practice ( receiv+ "u bo? k9ds 0 en=c$ z a law = ! foll[+ reason3 ,! ,mani*ean sect ab/a9$ f ! cup on ! errone\s assumption t ! use ( w9e 0 s9ful4 ,pope ,gelasius1 9 ord] to detect & condemn ! error ( ^? sect>ies1 left x no long] optional ) ! fai?ful to receive "u "o or bo? =ms1 b orda9$ t all %\ld communicate "u bo? k9ds4 ,?is law cont9u$ 9 =ce = sev]al ages1 b t[>ds ! ?irte5? c5tury1 = v>i\s causes1 x _h gradually gr[n into disuse1 ) ! tacit approval ( ! ,*ur*4 ,! ,c\ncil ( ,con/ance1 :i* conv5$ 9 #adad1 e/abli%$ a law requir+ ! fai?ful to communicate "u ! =m ( bread only2 & 9 tak+ ?is /ep1 ! ,c\ncil 0 actuat$ bo? by reasons ( propriety & ( religion4 ,! wide-spread diffusion ( ,*ri/ianity ?r\gh\t ! _w _h r5d]$ x v difficult to supply all ! fai?ful ) ! consecrat$ w9e4 ,su* inconv5i5ce is sc>cely felt by ,prote/ant communicants1 ^: numb]s are limit$ & :o ord9>ily communicate only on c]ta9 ,sundays ( ea* mon?4 ,! ,ca?olics ( ! _w1 on ! contr>y1 numb] ab\t ?ree hundr$ millions2 & z communion is adm9i/]$ to "s ( ! fai?ful almo/ e day 9 mo/ ( our *ur*es & *apels1 & z ! annual communions 9 e p>i% *ur* are g5]ally at lea/ twice z num]\s z its aggregate ,ca?olic population1 ! sum total ( annual communions ?r\gh\t ! globe may be e/imat$ 9 r\nd numb]s at n less ?an five hundr$ millions4 ,:at ef=t w\ld be requir$ to procure alt>-w9e = su* a multitude8 ,9 my mission>y j\rneys ?r\gh ,nor? ,c>ol9a ,i h (t5 f\nd x no easy task to provide = ! celebration ( ,mass a suffici5cy ( pure w9e1 :i* is ess5tial = ! validity ( ! sacrifice4 ,?is emb>rassm5t w\ld be increas$ beyond measure if ! cup _h to be ext5d$ to ! laity1 & /ill m 9 ! coal regions1 :]e ! cultivation ( ! grape is unkn[n & :]e import$ w9e is exclusively us$47#chg7 ,x w\ld be v di/a/eful1 besides1 = s _m communicants to dr9k successively out ( ! same *alice1 :i* w\ld be unavoidable if ! ,sacram5t 7 adm9i/]$ 9 bo? =ms4 ,9 our l>g] *ur*es1 :]e communion is di/ribut$ e ,sunday to hundr$s1 !re w\ld be great dang] ( spill+ a portion ( ! consecrat$ *alice & ( ?us expos+ x to pr(anation4 ,b above all1 z ! ,*ur* 9 ! fif? c5tury1 ?r\gh h] *ief ,pa/or1 ,gelasius1 en=c$ ! use ( ! cup to expose & reprobate ! error ( ! ,mani*ees1 :o imag9$ t ! use ( w9e 0 s9ful2 s 9 ! fifte5? c5tury %e )drew ! cup to condemn ! novelties ( ! ,calixt9es1 :o taught t ! consecrat$ w9e 0 necess>y = a valid communion4 ,%\ld circum/ances ev] ju/ify or dem& a *ange f ! pres5t discipl9e ! ,*ur* w n hesitate to re/ore ! cup to ! laity4 ,*apt] ,,xxiii4 ,,! ,,sacrifice ,,( ,,! ,,mass4 ,sacrifice is ! oblation or (f]+ made to ,god ( "s s5sible object1 ) ! de/ruction or *ange ( ! object1 to d5ote t ,god is ! ,au?or ( life & dea?4 ,?us1 9 ! ,old ,law1 be=e ! com+ ( ,*ri/1 :5 ! ,hebrew p wi%$ to (f] sacrifice to ,god !y took a lamb or "s o!r animal1 :i* !y slew & burn$ its fle%1 ackn[l$g+ by ?is act t ! ,"l 0 ! supreme ,ma/] ( life & dea?4 ,! anci5ts (f]$ to ,god two k9ds ( sacrifices1 viz41 liv+ creatures1 su* z bulls1 lambs & birds2 & inanimate objects1 su* z :eat & b>ley1 &1 9 g5]al1 ! fir/ fruits ( ! e>?4 ,all nations--:e!r ,jews1 idolat]s or ,*ri/ians1 except ,mahometans & mod]n ,prote/ants--h made sacrifice _! pr9cipal act ( wor%ip4 ,if y g back to ! v dawn ( creation1 y w f9d ! *ildr5 ( ,adam (f]+ sacrifices to ,god4 ,abel (f]$ to ! ,"l ! fir/l+s ( 8 flock1 & ,ca9 (f]$ ( ! fruits ( ! e>?47#chh7 ,:5 ,noe & 8 family are rescu$ f ! deluge :i* _h spread ov] ! face ( ! e>? 8 fir/ act on issu+ f ! ark1 :5 ! wat]s disappe>1 is to (f] holocau/s to ! ,"l1 9 ?anksgiv+ = 8 pres]vation47#chi7 ,abraham1 ! great fa!r ( ! ,jewi% race1 (f]$ victims to ! ,almighty at ,8 express comm&47#cij7 ,we read t ,job 0 accu/om$ to (f] holocau/s to ! ,"l1 to propitiate ,8 favor 9 behalf ( 8 *ildr51 & to obta9 =giv5ess = ! s9s !y might h committ$47#cia7 ,:5 ,jehovah deliv]$ to ,moses ! writt5 law on ,m\nt ,s9ai ,he gave ,8 s]vant ! mo/ m9ute details ) reg>d to all ! c]emonies to be obs]v$ 9 ! sacrifices :i* 7 to be (f]$ to ,him4 ,he prescrib$ ! k9d ( victims to be immolat$1 ! qualifications ( ! ,prie/s :o 7 to m9i/] at ! alt>1 & ! place & mann] 9 :i* ! victims 7 to be (f]$4 ,h5ce1 x 0 ! cu/om ( ! ,jewi% ,prie/s to slay e day two lambs z a sacrifice to ,god17#cib7 & 9 do+ ?is !y 7 prefigur+ ! great sacrifice ( ! ,new ,law1 9 :i* we daily (f] up on ! alt> 8! ,lamb ( ,god1 :o take? away ! s9s ( ! _w40 ,9 a ^w1 9 all _! public calamities--:5ev] !y 7 ?reat5$ by _! enemies2 :5ev] !y 7 ab\t to engage 9 w>2 :5ev] !y 7 visit$ by any plague or pe/il5ce--! ,jews _h rec\rse to ,god by solemn sacrifices4 ,l ! ,ca?olic ,*ur* ( ! pres5t day1 !y _h sacrifices n only = ! liv+1 b also = ! dead2 = we read 9 ,sacr$ ,scripture t ,judas ,ma*abeus ord]$ sacrifice to be (f]$ up = ! s\ls ( 8 m5 :o 7 sla9 9 battle47#cic7 ,we f9d sacrifices exi/+ n only among ! ,jews1 :o wor%ip$ ! true ,god1 b also among ,pagan & idolatr\s nations4 ,no matt] h[ confus$1 imp]fect or errone\s 0 _! k ( ! ,deity1 ! ,pagan nations reta9$ suffici5t ve/iges ( primitive tradition to admoni% !m ( _! obligation ( appeas+ ! ang] & invok+ ! bless+s ( ! ,div9ity by victims & sacrifices4 ,plut>*1 an anci5t writ] ( ! second c5tury1 says ( ^! hea!n p3 8,y may f9d cities )\t walls1 )\t lit]ature & )\t ! arts & sci5ces ( civiliz$ life2 b y w nev] f9d a city )\t ,prie/s & alt>s1 or :i* has n sacrifices (f]$ to ! gods40 ,! ,indians ( our own c\ntry 7 accu/om$ to (f] sacrifice to ! ,great ,_s1 z ,fa!r ,jogues & o!r pione] mission>ies in=m u4 ,b all ^? anci5t sacrifices 7 only ! types & figures ( ! great ,sacrifice ( ! ,new ,law1 f :i* !y d]iv$ all _! efficacy1 j z ! ,old ,law itself 0 ! type ( ! ,new ,law ( grace4 ,s9ce ! anci5t sacrifices 7 b figures & %ad[s1 !y 7 imp]fect & insuffici5t2 = 8x is impossible10 says ,/4 ,paul1 8t by ! blood ( ox5 & ( goats s9s %\ld be tak5 away4 ,:]e=e1 :5 ,he 7,jesus7 come? into ! _w1 ,he sai?3 ,sacrifice & oblation ,?\ w\ld/ n1 b a body ,?\ ha/ fitt$ to me4 ,holocau/s = s9 did n please ,!e4 ,!n said ,i3 ,behold1 ,i come407#cid7 ,z if ,he %\ld say3 ,! blood ( ox5 & ( goats is n suffici5t to appease ,?y v5geance1 & to cleanse ,?y p f _! s9s2 !re=e ,i come1 t ,i may (f] ,myself an acceptable sacrifice = ! s9s ( ! _w4 ,! ,prophet ,isaiah decl>$ t ! ,jewi% sacrifices _h become displeas+ to ,god & w\ld be aboli%$4 8,to :at purpose10 says ! ,"l by ,8 prophet1 8d y (f] ,me ! multitude ( y\r victims8444 ,i desire n holocau/s ( rams1 444 & blood ( calves & lambs & buck-goats 444 ,(f] sacrifice no m 9 va9407#cie7 ,b did ,god1 9 reject+ ! ,jewi% oblations1 int5d to aboli% sacrifices altoge!r8 ,by no means4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,he cle>ly pr$icts1 by ! m\? ( ! ,prophet ,mala*ias1 t ! immolations ( ! ,jews w\ld be succe$$ by a clean victim1 :i* w\ld be (f]$ up n on a s+le alt>1 z 0 ! case 9 ,j]usalem1 b 9 e "p ( ! kn[n _w4 ,li/5 to ! significant words address$ to ! ,jews by ?is prophet3 8,i h no pleasure 9 y1 sai? ! ,"l ( ho/s1 & ,i w n receive a gift ( y\r h&4 ,=1 f ! ris+ ( ! sun1 ev5 to ! go+ d[n1 ,my "n is great among ! ,g5tiles1 & 9 e place !re is sacrifice1 & !re is (f]$ to ,my "n a clean oblation2 = ,my ,"n is great among ! ,g5tiles1 sai? ! ,"l ( ho/s407#cif7 ,! prophet "h cle>ly =etells t an acceptable oblation w\ld be (f]$ to ,god n by ,jews1 b by ,g5tiles2 n m]ely 9 ,j]usalem1 b 9 e place f ! ris+ to ! sett+ ( ! sun4 ,^! prophetic words mu/ h be5 fulfill$4 ,:]e %all we f9d ! fulfilm5t ( ! prophecy8 ,we may divide ! inhabitants ( ! _w into five diff]5t classes ( p1 pr(ess+ diff]5t =ms ( religion--,pagans1 ,jews1 ,mohamm$ans1 ,prote/ants & ,ca?olics4 ,among :i* ( ^! %all we f9d ! clean oblation ( :i* ! prophet speaks8 ,n among ! ,pagan nations2 = !y wor%ip false gods1 & consequ5tly _c h any sacrifice pleas+ to ! ,almighty4 ,n among ! ,jews2 = !y h ceas$ to sacrifice altoge!r1 & ! words ( ! prophet apply n to ! ,jews1 b to ! ,g5tiles4 ,n among ! ,mohamm$ans2 = !y also reject sacrifices4 ,n among any ( ! ,prote/ant sects2 = !y all di/9ctly repudiate sacrifices4 ,!re=e1 x is only 9 ! ,ca?olic ,*ur* t is fulfill$ ?is glori\s prophecy2 = :i!rsoev] y g1 y w f9d ! clean oblation (f]$ on ,ca?olic alt>s4 ,if y travel f ,am]ica to ,europe1 to ,oceanica1 to ,africa1 or ,asia1 y w see our alt>s erect$1 & our ,prie/s daily fulfill+ ! words ( ! prophets by (f]+ ! 8clean oblation0 ( ! body & blood ( ,*ri/4 ,?is oblation ( ! ,new ,law is commonly call$ ,mass4 ,! ^w ,mass is d]iv$ by "s f ! ,hebrew t]m ,missa* 7,deut4 xvi471 :i* means a free (f]+4 ,o!rs d]ive x f ! ^w ,missa1 :i* ! ,prie/ uses :5 he ann\nces to ! congregation t ,div9e ,s]vice is ov]4 ,x is an expression indelibly m>k$ on our ,engli% tongue f ! orig9 ( our language1 & we f9d x embodi$ 9 su* words z ,c&lemas1 ,mi*aelmas1 ,m>t9-mas & ,*ri/mas4 ,! sacrifice ( ! ,mass is ! consecration ( ! bread & w9e into ! body & blood ( ,*ri/1 & ! oblation ( ?is body & blood to ,god1 by ! m9i/ry ( ! ,prie/1 = a p]petual memorial ( ,*ri/'s sacrifice on ! cross4 ,! ,sacrifice ( ! ,mass is id5tical ) t ( ! cross1 bo? hav+ ! same victim & ,high ,prie/--,jesus ,*ri/4 ,! only diff]5ce consi/s 9 ! mann] ( ! oblation4 ,*ri/ 0 (f]$ up on ! cross 9 a bloody mann]1 & 9 ! ,mass ,he is (f]$ up 9 an unbloody mann]4 ,on ! cross ,he pur*as$ our ransom1 & 9 ! ,eu*>i/ic ,sacrifice ! price ( t ransom is appli$ to our s\ls4 ,h5ce1 all ! efficacy ( ! ,mass is d]iv$ f ! sacrifice ( ,calv>y4 ,x 0 on ! night be=e ,he suff]$ t our ,"l ,jesus ,*ri/ in/itut$ ! ,sacrifice ( ! ,new ,law4 8,jesus10 says ,/4 ,paul1 8! night 9 :i* ,he 0 betray$ took bread1 &1 giv+ ?anks1 broke & said3 ,take ye & eat2 ?is is ,my body :i* %all be deliv]$ = y4 ,?is d = ! commemoration ( ,me4 ,9 l mann] also ! *alice1 aft] ,he _h supp$1 say+3 ,?is *alice is ! new te/am5t 9 ,my blood4 ,?is d ye1 z (t5 z y %all dr9k1 = ! commemoration ( ,me2 = z (t5 z ye %all eat ?is bread1 & dr9k ! *alice1 ye %all %[ ! dea? ( ! ,"l until ,he come407#cig7 ,f ^! words we le>n t ! pr9cipal motive :i* our ,savior _h 9 view 9 in/itut+ ! ,sacrifice ( ! ,alt> 0 to keep u 9 p]petual remembrance ( ,8 suff]+s & dea?4 ,he wi%$ t ! sc5e ( ,calv>y %\ld ev] appe> 9 panoramic view be=e our eyes1 & t our he>t1 memory & intellect %\ld be fill$ ) ! ?\ghts ( ,8 ,passion4 ,he knew well t ?is w\ld be ! be/ means ( w9n+ our love & excit+ sorr[ = s9 9 our s\l2 !re=e1 ,he design$ t 9 e *ur* ?r\gh\t ! _w an alt> %\ld be erect$1 to s]ve z a monum5t ( ,8 m]cies to ,8 p1 z ! *ildr5 ( ,israel erect$ a monum5t1 on cross+ ! ,jordan1 to commemorate ,8 m]cies to ,8 *os5 p4 ,! ,mass is truly ! memorial s]vice ( ,*ri/'s ,passion4 ,9 compliance ) ! comm& ( our ,"l ! adorable ,sacrifice ( ! ,alt> has be5 daily r5ew$ 9 ! ,*ur*1 f ! dea? ( our ,savior till ! pres5t "t1 & w be p]petuat$ till "t %all be no m4 ,9 ! ,acts x is said t :ile ,saul & o!rs 7 m9i/]+ 7or1 z ! ,greek text expresses x1 sacrific+7 to ! ,"l1 & fa/+1 ! ,holy ,_s said to !m3 8,set ap>t = ,me ,saul & ,b>nabas40 ,/4 ,paul1 9 8 ,epi/le to ! ,hebrews1 frequ5tly alludes to ! ,sacrifice ( ! ,mass4 8,we h an alt>10 he says1 8:]e( !y _c eat :o s]ve ! tab]nacle407#cih7 ,! ,apo/le "h pla9ly decl>es t ! ,*ri/ian *ur* has its alt>s z well z ! ,jewi% synagogue4 ,an alt> necess>ily supposes a sacrifice1 )\t :i* x has no mean+4 ,! ,apo/le also obs]ves t ! prie/hood ( ! ,new ,law 0 sub/itut$ = t ( ! ,old ,law47#cii7 ,n[1 ! pr9cipal (fice ( ,prie/s has always be5 to (f] sacrifice4 ,prie/ & sacrifice are z closely id5tifi$ z judge & c\rt4 ,/4 ,paul1 aft] ,david1 calls ,jesus 8a ,prie/ =ev]1 accord+ to ! ord] ( ,mel*is$e*407#djj7 ,he is nam$ a ,prie/ because ,he (f]s sacrifice2 a ,prie/ =ev] because ,8 sacrifice is p]petual2 accord+ to ! ord] ( ,mel*is$e* because ,he (f]s up consecrat$ bread & w9e1 :i* 7 prefigur$ by ! bread & w9e (f]$ by 8,mel*is$e*1 ! ,prie/ ( ! ,mo/ ,high ,god407#dja7 ,tradition1 ) its hundr$ tongues1 proclaims ! p]petual oblation ( ! ,sacrifice ( ! ,mass1 f ! "t ( ! ,apo/les to our own days4 ,if we consult ! ,fa!rs ( ! ,*ur*1 :o h /ood l fai?ful s5t9els on ! wat*-t[]s ( ,israel1 gu>d+ ) a jeal\s eye ! deposit ( fai?1 & :o h be5 ! fai?ful witnesses ( _! own times & ! record]s ( ! pa/2 if we consult ! ,g5]al ,c\ncils1 at :i* 7 assembl$ ! v5]able hi]>*y ( ,*ri/5dom1 !y w all tell u1 ) "o voice1 t ! ,sacrifice ( ! ,mass is ! c5tre ( _! religion & ! ackn[l$g$ in/itution ( ,jesus ,*ri/4 ,ano!r rem>kable evid5ce 9 favor ( ! ,div9e in/itution ( ! ,mass is furni%$ by ! ,ne/orians & ,euty*ians1 :o sep>at$ f ! ,ca?olic ,*ur* 9 ! fif? c5tury1 & :o /ill exi/ 9 ,p]sia & 9 o!r p>ts ( ! ,ea/1 z well z by ! ,greek s*ismatics1 :o sev]$ _! connection ) ! ,*ur* 9 ! n9? c5tury4 ,all ^! sects1 z well z ! num]\s o!rs scatt]$ ov] ! ,ea/1 reta9 to ?is day ! oblation ( ! ,mass 9 _! daily s]vice4 ,z ^! ,*ri/ian communities h _h no communication ) ! ,ca?olic ,*ur* s9ce ! p]iod ( _! sep>ation f h]1 !y c\ld n1 ( c\rse1 h borr[$ f h] ! doctr9e ( ! ,eu*>i/ic ,sacrifice2 consequ5tly !y mu/ h receiv$ x f ! same s\rce f :i* ! ,*ur* d]iv$ x1 viz41 f ! ,apo/les !mselves4 ,b ( all pro(s 9 favor ( ! ,apo/olic orig9 ( ! ,sacrifice ( ! ,mass1 ! mo/ /rik+ & ! mo/ conv9c+ is f\nd 9 ! ,liturgies ( ! ,*ur*4 ,! ,liturgy is ! e/abli%$ ,ritual ( ! ,*ur*4 ,x is ! collection ( ! au?oriz$ pray]s ( div9e wor%ip4 ,^! pray]s are fix$ & immovable4 ,among o!rs we h ! ,liturgy ( ,j]usalem1 ascrib$ to ! ,apo/le ,/4 ,james2 ! ,liturgy ( ,alex&ria1 attribut$ to ,/4 ,m>k ! ,evangeli/1 & ! ,liturgy ( ,rome1 ref]r$ to ,/4 ,pet]4 ,!re are v>i\s o!r ,liturgies accr$it$ to ! ,apo/les or to _! imm$iate successors4 ,n[ ,i wi% to call y\r att5tion to ?is rem>kable fact1 t all ^! ,liturgies1 ?\gh compil$ by diff]5t p]sons1 at diff]5t times1 9 v>i\s places1 & 9 div]s languages1 conta91 )\t exception1 9 cle> & precise language1 ! pray]s to be said at ! celebration ( ,mass2 pray]s 9 sub/ance ! same z ^? f\nd 9 our pray] books at ! ,canon ( ! ,mass4 ,we _c acc\nt = ?is wond]ful uni=mity except by suppos+ t ! doctr9e respect+ ! ,mass 0 receiv$ by ! ,apo/les f ! common f\nta9 ( ,*ri/ianity--,jesus ,*ri/ ,himself4 ,x 0 su* facts z ^! t op5$ ! eyes ( ^? em95t ,engli% div9es :o1 dur+ ! pres5t c5tury1 h ab&on$ h]esy & s*ism & ri* pref]m5ts & :o h embrac$ ! ,ca?olic fai?1 ?\gh1 by tak+ su* a /ep1 !y _h to sacrifice all t 0 de> to !m on e>?4 ,! foll[+ passages f ,/4 ,paul's ,epi/le to ! ,hebrews are sometimes urg$ z an argum5t aga9/ ! sacrifice ( ! ,mass3 8,*ri/1 444 nei!r by ! blood ( goats1 or ( calves1 b by ,8 own blood1 ent]$ once into ! ,holies1 hav+ obta9$ et]nal r$emption40 8,nor yet t ,he %\ld (f] ,himself (t51 z ! ,high ,prie/ ent]e? into ! ,holies e ye>407#djb7 ,aga93 8,e ,prie/ /&e?1 inde$1 daily m9i/]+1 & (t5 (f]+ ! same sacrifices1 :i* c nev] take away s9s1 b ?is ,man1 (f]+ "o sacrifice = s91 =ev] sitte? at ! "r h& ( ,god407#djc7 ,/4 ,paul says t ,jesus 0 (f]$ once4 ,h[1 !n1 c we (f] ,him daily8 ,i answ]1 t ,jesus 0 (f]$ once 9 a bloody mann]1 & x is ( ?is sacrifice t ! ,apo/le speaks4 ,b 9 ! ,sacrifice ( ! ,mass ,he is (f]$ up 9 an unbloody mann]4 ,?\gh ,he is daily (f]$ on t5 ?\s& alt>s1 ! ,sacrifice is ! same z t ( ,calv>y1 hav+ ! same ,high ,prie/ & victim--,jesus ,*ri/4 ,! object ( ,/4 ,paul is to contra/ ! ,sacrifice ( ! ,new ,law1 :i* has only "o victim1 ) ! sacrifices ( ! ,old ,law1 :]e ! victims 7 _m2 & to %[ ! insuffici5cy ( ! anci5t sacrifices & ! all-suffici5cy ( ! ,sacrifice ( ! new disp5sation4 ,b if ! sacrifice ( ! cross is all-suffici5t :at ne$ !n1 y w say1 is !re ( a commemorative ,sacrifice ( ! ,mass8 ,i w\ld ask a ,prote/ant 9 return1 ,:y d y pray1 & g to *ur*1 & :y 7 y baptiz$1 & receive ,communion1 & ! rite ( ,confirmation8 ,:at is ! use ( all ^! ex]cises1 if ! sacrifice ( ! cross is all-suffici5t8 ,y w tell me t 9 all ^! acts y apply to y\rself ! m]its ( ,*ri/'s ,passion4 ,i w tell y1 9 l mann]1 t 9 ! ,sacrifice ( ! ,mass ,i apply to myself ! m]its ( ! sacrifice ( ! cross1 f :i* ! ,mass d]ives all its efficacy4 ,*ri/1 inde$1 by ,8 dea? made full atonem5t = our s9s1 b ,he has n releas$ u f ! obligation ( co-op]at+ ) ,him by apply+ ,8 m]its to our s\ls4 ,:at bett] or m efficaci\s way c we h ( p>ticipat+ 9 ,8 m]its ?an by assi/+ at ! ,sacrifice ( ! ,alt>1 :]e we vividly recall to m9d ,8 suff]+s1 :]e ,calv>y is repres5t$ be=e u1 :]e 8we %[ ! dea? ( ! ,"l until ,he come10 & :]e we draw abundantly to our s\ls ! fruit ( ,8 ,passion by dr9k+ ( ! same blood t 0 %$ on ! cross8 ,9 ! ,old ,law !re 7 diff]5t k9ds ( sacrifices (f]$ up = diff]5t purposes4 ,!re 7 sacrifices ( praise & ?anksgiv+ to ,god = ,8 b5efits1 sacrifices ( propitiation to implore ,8 =giv5ess = ! s9s ( ! p1 & sacrifices ( supplication to ask ,8 bless+ & protection4 ,! ,sacrifice ( ! ,mass fulfils all ^! ends4 ,x is a sacrifice ( praise & ?anksgiv+1 a sacrifice ( propitiation & ( supplication2 h5ce t valu$ book1 ! 8,foll[+ ( ,*ri/10 says3 8,:5 a ,prie/ celebrates ,mass he honors ,god1 he rejoices ! angels1 he edifies ! *ur*1 he helps ! liv+1 he obta9s re/ = ! dead1 & makes himself a p>tak] ( all t is good40 ,to =m an adequate idea ( ! effici5cy ( ! ,div9e ,sacrifice ( ! ,mass we h only to be> 9 m9d ! ,victim t is (f]$--,jesus ,*ri/1 ! ,son ( ! liv+ ,god4 ,fir/--,! ,mass is a sacrifice ( praise & ?anksgiv+4 ,if all human be+s 9 ?is _w1 & all liv+ creatures1 & all inanimate objects 7 collect$ & burn$ z a holocau/ to ! ,"l1 !y w\ld n conf] z mu* praise on ! ,almighty z a s+le ,eu*>i/ic sacrifice4 ,^! e>?ly creatures--h[ num]\s & excell5t soev]--are f9ite & imp]fect2 :ile ! (f]+ made 9 ! ,mass is ( inf9ite value1 = x is our ,"l ,jesus1 ! acceptable ,lamb )\t blemi%1 ! belov$ ,son 9 :om ! ,fa!r is well pleas$1 & :o 8is always he>d on acc\nt ( ,8 rev]5ce40 ,) :at awe & grateful love %\ld we assi/ at ?is ,sacrifice6 ,! angels 7 pres5t at ,calv>y4 ,angels are pres5t also at ! ,mass4 ,if we _c assi/ ) ! s]aphic love & rapt att5tion ( ! angelic spirits1 let u wor%ip1 at lea/1 ) ! simple devotion ( ! %eph]ds ( ,be?lehem & ! unsw]v+ fai? ( ! ,magi4 ,let u (f] to our ,god ! gold5 gift ( a he>t full ( love & ! inc5se ( our praise & adoration1 repeat+ (t5 dur+ ! holy oblation ! words ( ! ,psalmi/3 8,! m]cies ( ! ,"l ,i w s+ =ev]40 ,second--,! ,mass is also a sacrifice ( propitiation4 ,jesus daily pleads our cause 9 ?is ,div9e oblation be=e our ,heav5ly ,fa!r4 8,if any man s910 says ,/4 ,john1 8we h an ,advocate ) ! ,fa!r1 ,jesus ,*ri/ ! j2 & ,he is ! propitiation = our s9s2 & n = ours only1 b also = ^? ( ! :ole _w407#djd7 ,h5ce ! ,prie/1 :5ev] he (f]s up ! holy sacrifice1 recites ?is pray] at ! (f]tory3 8,receive1 ,o holy ,fa!r1 almighty1 et]nal ,god1 ?is immaculate victim :i* ,i1 ,?y unwor?y s]vant1 (f] to ,!e1 my liv+ & true ,god1 = my innum]able s9s1 (f5ces & neglig5ces1 = all "h pres5t1 & = all ! fai?ful liv+ & dead1 t x may avail me & !m to life ev]la/+40 ,:5ev]1 !re=e1 we assi/ at ,mass let u unite ) ,jesus ,*ri/ 9 implor+ ! m]cy ( ,god = our s9s4 ,let u repres5t to ourselves ! ,mass z ano!r ,calv>y1 :i* x is 9 reality4 ,l ,m>y1 let u /& 9 _s b5ea? ! cross1 & let our s\ls be pi]c$ ) grief = our transgressions4 ,let u ackn[l$ge t our s9s 7 ! cause ( t agony & ( ! %$d+ ( t preci\s blood4 ,let u foll[ 9 m9d & he>t t cr[d ( weep+ p5it5ts :o accompani$ our ,savior to ,calv>y1 /rik+ _! brea/s1 & let u say3 8,sp>e1 ,o ,"l1 sp>e ,?y p40 ,or let u repeat ) ! publican ?is he>tfelt pray]3 8,o ,god1 be m]ciful to me a s9n]40 ,at ! dea? ( ,jesus ! sun 0 d>k5$1 ! e>? trembl$1 ! v rocks 7 r5t1 z if to %[ t ev5 inanimate nature sympa?iz$ ) ! suff]+s ( its ,god4 ,& %\ld n we tremble = our s9s8 ,%\ld n our he>ts1 ?\gh cold & h>d z rocks1 be s(t5$ at ! spectacle ( our ,god suff]+ = love ( u1 & 9 expiation = our (f5ces8 ,?ird--,! ,sacrifice ( ! ,mass is1 9 f9e1 a sacrifice ( supplication3 8,=1 if ! blood ( goats & ( ox51 & ! a%es ( a heif] be+ spr9kl$1 sanctify su* z are defil$ to ! cleans+ ( ! fle%1 h[ mu* m %all ! blood ( ,*ri/1 :o1 ?r\gh ! ,holy ,gho/1 (f]$ himself )\t spot to ,god1 cleanse our consci5ce f dead works to s]ve ! liv+ ,god807#dje7 ,if ! pray]s ( ,moses & ,david & ! ,patri>*s 7 s p[]ful 9 behalf ( ,god's s]vants1 :at mu/ be ! influ5ce ( ,jesus' int]cession8 ,if ! w\nds ( ! ,m>tyrs plead s eloqu5tly = u1 h[ mu* m eloqu5t is ! blood ( ,jesus %$ daily ^u our alt>s8 ,8 blood cries l\d] = m]cy ?an ! blood ( ,abel cri$ = v5geance4 ,if ,god incl9es ,8 e> to u mis]able s9n]s1 h[ c ,he resi/ ! plead+s 9 our behalf ( ! 8,lamb ( ,god :o take? away ! s9s ( ! _w40 8,let u g1 !re=e1 ) confid5ce to ! ?rone ( grace1 t we may obta9 m]cy & f9d grace 9 seasonable aid407#djf7 ,*apt] ,,xxiv4 ,,! ,,use ,,( ,,religi\s ,,c]emonies ,,dictat$ ,,by ,,"r ,,reason4 ,by religi\s c]emonies we mean c]ta9 expressive signs & actions :i* ! ,*ur* has orda9$ = ! wor?y celebration ( ! ,div9e s]vice4 ,true devotion mu/ be int]ior & come f ! he>t1 = 8! true ador]s %all adore ! ,fa!r 9 _s & 9 tru?4 ,= ! ,fa!r inde$ seeke? su* to wor%ip ,him4 ,god is a _s2 & !y :o wor%ip ,him mu/ wor%ip ,him 9 _s & 9 tru?407#djg7 ,b we are n to inf] f ?is t ext]ior wor%ip is to be contemn$ because int]ior wor%ip is prescrib$ z ess5tial4 ,on ! contr>y1 ! rites & c]emonies enjo9$ 9 ! wor%ip ( ,god & ! adm9i/ration ( ! ,sacram5ts are dictat$ by "r reason1 are sanction$ by ,almighty ,god 9 ! ,old ,law1 & by ,*ri/ & ,8 ,apo/les 9 ! ,new4 ,! angels1 be+ pure spirits )\t a body1 r5d] to ,god a purely spiritual wor%ip4 ,! sun1 moon & />s ( ! firmam5t pay ,him a k9d ( ext]nal homage4 ,9 ! ,prophet ,daniel we read3 8,sun & moon bless ! ,"l1 444 />s ( heav5 bless ! ,"l1 praise & exalt ,him above all =ev]407#djh7 8,! heav5s %[ =? ! glory ( ,god1 ! firmam5t ann\nces ! "w ( ,8 h&s407#dji7 ,man1 by possess+ a s\l ( spiritual sub/ance1 p>takes ( ! nature ( angels1 & by possess+ a body p>takes ( ! nature ( ! heav5ly bodies4 ,x is !re=e1 8 privilege1 z well z 8 duty1 to (f] to ,god ! tw(old homage ( body & s\l2 9 o!r words1 to honor ,him by int]nal & ext]nal wor%ip4 ,g5u9e piety _c long be conceal$ 9 ! he>t )\t manife/+ itself by ext]ior practices ( religion2 h5ce1 ?\gh int]ior & ext]ior wor%ip are di/9ct1 !y _c be sep>at$ 9 ! pres5t life4 ,fire _c burn )\t s5d+ =? flame & heat4 ,nei!r c ! fire ( devotion burn 9 ! s\l )\t be+ reflect$ on ! c\nt5ance & ev5 9 spee*4 ,x is natural = man to express 8 s5tim5ts by signs & c]emonies1 = 8f ! fulness ( ! he>t ! m\? speake?20 & z fuel is necess>y to keep fire alive1 ev5 s ! flame ( piety is n\ri%$ by ! outw>d =ms ( religion4 ,a devot$ *ild w n be cont5t ) lov+ 8 fa!r 9 8 he>t1 b w manife/ t love by affectionate language1 & by ! s]vice ( 8 body1 if necess>y4 ,s w ! *ild ( ,god %[ 8 affection = 8 heav5ly ,fa!r n only by int]ior devotion1 b also by ! homage ( 8 body4 8,i besee* y10 says ! ,apo/le1 8by ! m]cy ( ,god1 t y pres5t y\r bodies1 a liv+ sacrifice1 holy pleas+ unto ,god1 y\r reasonable s]vice407#daj7 ,! fruit ( a tree does n consi/ 9 its b>k1 its leaves & its bran*es4 ,nev]!less1 y nev] saw a tree be>+ fruit unless :5 clo!d ) b>k1 adorn$ ) bran*es & cov]$ ) leaves4 ,^! are necess>y = ! protection ( ! fruit4 ,9 l mann]1 ?\gh ! fruit ( piety does n consi/ 9 ext]ior =ms1 x mu/1 h[ev]1 be fo/]$ by "s outw>d obs]vances or x w soon decay4 ,!re is z close a relation betwe5 devotion & c]emonial z exi/s betwe5 ! b>k & ! fruit ( a tree4 ,! man :o daily b5ds 8 knee to ! ,mak]1 :o recites or s+s ,8 praises1 :o dev\tly makes ! sign ( ! cross1 :o assi/s )\t con/ra9t at ! public s]vices ( ! ,*ur*1 :o obs]ves an ext]ior decorum 9 ! h\se ( ,god1 :o gives to ! ne$y accord+ to 8 means & duly att5ds to ! o!r practices & c]emonies ( religion1 w g5]ally be "o ^: he>t is unit$ to ,god1 & :o yields to ,him a ready ob$i5ce4 ,%[ me1 on ! contr>y1 a man :o habitually neglects ^! outw>d obs]vances ( religion & *>ity1 & ,i w %[ y "o 9 ^: s\l ! fire ( devotion1 if n q ext+ui%$1 at lea/ burns v fa9tly4 ,! c]emonies ( ! ,*ur* n only r5d] div9e s]vice m solemn1 b also rivet our att5tion & lift x up to ,god4 ,our m9d is s active1 s volatile1 s full ( di/ractions1 our imag9ation s fickle1 t we h ne$ ( "s ext]nal objects on :i* to fix our ?\ghts4 ,almighty ,god consid]$ c]emonial s indisp5sable to int]ior wor%ip t we f9d ,him 9 ! ,old ,law prescrib+ 9 m9ute detail ! v>i\s rites1 c]emonies & ord9ances to be obs]v$ by ! ,jewi% ,prie/s & p 9 _! public wor%ip4 ,:at is ! entire book ( ,leviticus b an elaborate ritual ( ! ,jewi% *ur*4 ,n1 inde$1 t ext]nal rites are to be comp>$ 9 m]it ) int]ior wor%ip1 b because !y are z necess>y = n\ri%+ int]nal devotion z food is necess>y = our animal life4 ,our ,savior1 ?\gh ,he came to e/abli% a m spiritual religion ?an t ( ! ,hebrew p1 did n disc>d ! outw>d =ms ( wor%ip4 ,he 0 accu/om$ to accompany ,8 religi\s acts by appropriate c]emonies4 ,9 ! g>d5 ( ,ge?semani 8,he fell ^u ,8 face07#daa7 9 humble supplication4 ,he w5t 9 procession to ,j]usalem1 accompani$ by a great multitude1 :o sang ,hosanna to ! ,son ( ,david47#dab7 ,at ! ,la/ ,supp] ,he invok$ a bless+ on ! bread & w9e1 & aft]w>d *ant$ a hymn ) ,8 disciples47#dac7 ,:5 ! deaf & dumb man 0 br\ght to ,him1 be=e heal+ ,him1 ,he put ,8 f+]s into 8 e>s & t\*$ 8 tongue ) spittle1 8&1 look+ up to heav51 ,he groan$ & said3 ,ephpheta1 :i* is1 ,be ?\ op5$407#dad7 ,:5 ,he imp>t$ ! ,holy ,gho/ to ,8 disciples1 ,he brea!d on !m7#dae7 & ! same ,apo/les aft]w>d communicat$ ! ,holy ,gho/ to o!rs by lay+ h&s on !m47#daf7 ,! ,apo/le ,/4 ,james directs t if any man is sick he %all call 9 ! ,prie/1 :o w ano9t him ) oil47#dag7 ,n[1 are n all ^! acts :i* ,i h j record$--! pro/ration & procession1 ! pray]ful invocation1 ! *ant+ ( a hymn1 ! t\*+ ( ! e>s1 ! lift+ up ( ! eyes to heav51 ! brea?+ on ! ,apo/les1 ! lay+ on ( h&s & ! unction ( ! sick--are n all ^! acts s _m c]emonies s]v+ z models to ^? :i* ! ,ca?olic ,*ur* employs 9 h] public wor%ip1 & 9 ! adm9i/ration ( h] ,sacram5ts8 ,! c]emonies n[ accompany+ our public wor%ip are1 inde$1 usually m impressive & elaborate ?an ^? record$ ( our ,savior2 b x is q natural t ! maje/y ( c]emonial %\ld keep pace ) ! gr[? & developm5t ( ,*ri/ianity4 ,b :]e %all we f9d a ritual s gorge\s z t pres5t$ to u 9 ! ,book ( ,revelation1 :i* is descriptive ( ! wor%ip ( ,god 9 ! heav5ly ,j]usalem8 ,angels ) gold5 c5s]s /& be=e ! ?rone1 :ile eld]s ca/ _! cr[ns ( gold be=e ! ,lamb once sla94 ,!n t unnumb]$ multitude ( all nations1 tongues & p1 clo!d 9 :ite raim5t1 be>+ palms ( victory4 ,virg9s1 too1 ) h>p & canticle1 foll[ ne> ! ,lamb1 s++ ! new song :i* !y alone c utt]47#dah7 ,h[ glori\s ! pageant6 ,h[ elaborate 9 detail6 ,surely !re ought to be "s analogy & resemblance1 "s proportion & h>mony betwe5 ! public wor%ip :i* is paid to ,god 9 ! ,*ur* militant on e>?1 & t :i* is (f]$ to ,him 9 ! ,*ur* triumphant 9 heav54 ,/range w\ld x be if ,god1 :o1 9 ! disp5sation pa/ & t to come1 is se5 delight+ 9 ext]nal maje/y1 %\ld h depriv$ ! ,*ri/ian ,*ur* 7! liv+ l9k betwe5 ! pa/ & ! future7 ( all ext]nal glory4 8,=10 z ,/4 ,paul says1 8if ! m9i/ry ( condemnation is glory1 mu* m ! m9i/ry ( ju/ice ab\nde? 9 glory407#dai7 ,x is true t ,god utt]$ ?is compla9t aga9/ ! *ildr5 ( ,israel3 8,?is p draw ne> ,me ) _! m\? & honor ,me ) _! lips1 b _! he>t is f> f ,me407#dbj7 ,x is also true t ,he 0 displeas$ ) _! sacrifices & religi\s fe/ivals47#dba7 ,b ,he blam$ !m n because !y prais$ ,him ) _! voice1 b because _! he>ts felt n :at _! lips utt]$4 ,he reject$ _! sacrifices because !y 7 n accompani$ by ! m preci\s sacrifice ( a p5it5t _s4 ,! same ,"l :o decl>es t ! true ador] %all adore ! ,fa!r 9 _s comm&s also t public praise be giv5 to ,him 9 ,8 holy temple3 8,praise ye ! ,"l10 ,he says1 89 ,8 holy places4444 ,praise ,him ) s\nd ( trumpet4 ,praise ,him ) psalt]y & h>p4 ,praise ,him ) timbrel & *oir4 ,praise ,him ) /r+s & organs407#dbb7 ,if ,he says 9 "o place3 8,r5d y\r he>ts & n y\r g>m5ts107#dbc7 imm$iately aft] ,he adds3 8,bl[ ! trumpet 9 ,sion1 sanctify a fa/1 call a solemn assembly4 ,ga!r toge!r ! p1 sanctify ! ,*ur*4444 ,betwe5 ! por* & ! alt> ! ,prie/s1 ! ,"l's m9i/]s1 %all weep & %all say3 ,sp>e1 ,o ,"l1 sp>e ,?y p607#dbd7 ,! ,prophet fir/ po9ts out ! absolute necessity ( int]ior sorr[ & contrition ( he>t1 & !n he insi/s on ! duty ( p]=m+ "s acts ( expiation1 p5ance & humiliation1 z y d :5 y h y\r =ehead m>k$ ) a%es on ,a% ,w$nesday1 & :5 y obs]ve ! fa/ & ab/95ce ( ,l5t4 ,:5 ,/4 ,paul says t ?\gh he speak ) ! tongues ( angels & ( m51 & di/ribute all 8 goods to fe$ ! poor1 & deliv] 8 body to be burn$1 & h n ! love ( ,god1 x pr(ite? him no?+17#dbe7 he po9ts out ! necessity ( int]ior wor%ip4 ,& :5 he says else:]e t 89 ! "n ( ,jesus e knee %\ld b5d ( ^? t are 9 heav51 on e>? & "u ! e>?107#dbf7 he %[s u ! duty ( ext]ior or c]emonial wor%ip4 ,:5 political lead]s desire to influ5ce ! masses 9 _! favor !y are n cont5t ) address+ !mselves to ! intellect4 ,!y appeal also to ! feel+s & imag9ation4 ,!y h tor*light processions1 accompani$ by s\l-/irr+ music disc\rs+ popul> airs4 ,!y h flags & bann]s float+ 9 ! breeze4 ,!y h public meet+s1 at :i* !y deliv] patriotic spee*es to ar\se ! en?usiasm ( ! p4 ,:at ^! m5 d = political reasons ! ,*ur* p]=ms f ! high] motives ( religion4 ,!re=e1 %e has h] solemn processions4 ,%e has h] heav5ly music to s(t5 ! he>t & raise x to ,god4 ,%e consecrates h] sacr$ bann]s1 especially ! cross1 ! bann] ( salvation4 ,%e prea*es ) a hundr$ tongues1 speak+ n only to our head & he>t by ! ,^w ( ,god1 b to our feel+s & imag9ation by h] gr& & impos+ c]emonial4 ,*apt] ,,xxv4 ,,c]emonials ,,( ,,! ,,mass4 ,let u n[1 de> read]1 walk toge!r into a ,ca?olic ,*ur* 9 "t to assi/ at ! late ,mass1 :i* is ! mo/ solemn s]vice ( ! ,ca?olic ,liturgy4 ,meantime1 ,i %all endeavor to expla9 to y ! pr9cipal objects :i* attract y\r att5tion4 ,z we ent] ,i dip my f+]s into a vase plac$ at ! *ur* door1 & fill$ ) holy wat]1 & ,i make ! sign ( ! cross1 pray+ at ! same "t to be purifi$ f all defilem5t1 s t ) a clean he>t ,i may wor%ip 9 ,god's holy temple4 ,! ,*ur*1 ?r\gh h] m9i/]s1 blesses ev]y?+ us$ 9 h] s]vice2 =1 ,/4 ,paul says1 t 8,e creature ( ,god is good1 444 t is receiv$ ) ?anksgiv+1 = x is sanctifi$ by ! ^w ( ,god & by pray]407#dbg7 ,be=e ,mass beg9s ! ,prie/ spr9kles ! assembl$ congregation ) holy wat]1 recit+ at ! same "t ^! words ( ! fiftie? ,psalm3 8,?\ %alt spr9kle me ) hyssop1 & ,i %all be cleans$2 ,?\ %alt wa% me1 & ,i %all be made :it] ?an sn[40 ,! practice ( us+ bless$ wat] dates back to a v remote antiquity1 & is allud$ to by sev]al ,fa!rs ( ! primitive ,*ur*4 ,z we advance up ! aisle y obs]ve ly+ op5 on ! alt> a l>ge book1 :i* is call$ a ,missal1 or ,mass-book1 because x conta9s ! pray]s said at ,mass4 ,! (fice ( ! ,mass consi/s ( selections f ! ,old & ! ,new ,te/am5t1 ! ,canon & o!r appropriate pray]s4 ,! ,canon ( ! ,mass nev] v>ies ?r\gh\t ! ye>1 & desc5ds to u f ! fir/ ages ( ! ,*ur* ) sc>cely ! addition ( a ^w4 ,ne>ly all ! collects are also v old1 _m ( !m dat+ back to a p]iod prior to ! sev5? c5tury4 ,i am acqua9t$ ) no pray]s t c comp>e ) ! collects ( ! ,missal 9 e>ne/ness & vigor ( language1 9 concis5ess ( /yle & unction ( piety4 ,x is evid5t t _! au?ors 7 m5 :o felt :at !y said & 7 fill$ ) ! _s ( ,god1 despis+ 8! p]suasive words ( human wisdom10 unlike s _m mod]n pray]-compos]s ^: r\nd$ p]iods are direct$ r to tickle ! e>s ( m5 ?an to pi]ce ! cl\ds4 ,y are probably famili> ) ! ,episcopal ,book ( ,common ,pray]1 & h no d\bt admir$ its beautiful simplicity ( diction4 ,b p]haps y w be surpris$ :5 ,i in=m y t ?is ,pray]-,book is = ! mo/ "p a translation f our ,missal4 ,let u n[ rev]5tly foll[ ! (ficiat+ ,prie/ ?r\gh ! s]vice ( ! ,mass4 ,y see him advance f ! sacri/y & /& at ! foot ( ! alt>1 :]e he makes an humble confession ( 8 s9s to ,god & ,8 sa9ts4 ,he !n asc5ds ! alt>1 & n9e times ! ,div9e clem5cy is invok$ 9 ! ,kyrie ,eleison1 ,*ri/e ,eleison4 ,he intones ! sublime doxology1 ,gloria 9 ,excelsis ,deo1 s+s ! collects ( ! day1 reads ! ,lesson or ,epi/le & *ants ! ,gospel1 aft] :i* ! s]mon is usually prea*$4 ,next he recites ! ,nic5e ,cre$1 :i* = upw>ds ( fifte5 c5turies has be5 res\nd+ 9 ! *ur*es ( ,*ri/5dom4 ,!n y p]ceive him mak+ ! oblation ( ! bread & w9e4 ,he wa%es ! tips ( 8 f+]s1 recit+ ! words ( ! ,psalmi/3 8,i w wa% my h&s among ! innoc5t & w encompass ,?y alt>1 ,o ,"l40 ,he is admoni%$1 by ?is c]emony1 to be free f ! lea/ /a91 9 view ( ! sacr$ act he is go+ to p]=m4 ,! ,preface & ,canon foll[1 includ+ ! solemn words ( consecration1 dur+ :i* ! bread & w9e are *ang$ by ! p[] ( ,jesus ,*ri/ into ,8 body & blood4 ,he proce$s ) o!r pray]s1 includ+ ! be/ ( all1 ! ,our ,fa!r1 z f> z ! ,communion1 :5 he p>takes ( ! consecrat$ ,bread & *alice1 giv+ ! ,holy ,communion aft]w>d to su* z are prep>$ to receive x4 ,he cont9ues ! ,mass1 gives 8 bless+ to ! kneel+ congregation1 & concludes ) ! op5+ words ( ! sublime ,gospel ( ,/4 ,john4 ,"h y h n m]ely a numb] ( pray]s /rung toge!r1 b y witness a sc5e :i* rivets pi\s att5tion & w>ms ! he>t into f]v5t devotion4 ,y p>ticipate 9 an act ( wor%ip wor?y ( ,god1 to :om x is (f]$4 ,b y are anxi\s t ,i %\ld expla9 to y ! reason :y ! ,mass is said 9 ,lat94 ,:5 ,*ri/ianity 0 fir/ e/abli%$ ! ,roman ,empire rul$ ! de/9ies ( ! _w4 ,pagan ,rome _h dom9ion ov] ne>ly all ,europe & l>ge portions ( ,asia & ,africa4 ,! ,lat9 0 ! language ( ! ,empire4 ,:]ev] ! ,roman /&>d 0 plant$1 !re also 0 spread ! ,lat9 tongue2 j z at ! pres5t "t ! ,engli% language is spok5 :]ev] ! au?ority ( ,great ,brita9 or ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates is e/abli%$4 ,! ,*ur* naturally adopt$ 9 h] ,liturgy1 or public wor%ip1 ! language :i* %e !n f\nd prevail+ among ! p4 ,! ,fa!rs ( ! e>ly ,*ur* g5]ally wrote 9 ! ,lat9 tongue1 :i* ?us became ! depository ( ! treasures ( sacr$ lit]ature 9 ! ,*ur*4 ,9 ! fif? c5tury came ! disruption ( ! ,roman ,empire4 ,new k+doms began to be =m$ 9 ,europe out ( ! ru9s ( ! old empire4 ,! ,lat9 gradually ceas$ to be a liv+ tongue among ! p1 & new languages comm5c$ to spr+ up l s _m %oots f ! p>5t /ock4 ,! ,*ur*1 h[ev]1 reta9$ 9 h] ,liturgy1 & 9 ! adm9i/ration ( ! ,sacram5ts1 ! ,lat9 language = v wise reasons1 "s ( :i* ,i %all briefly m5tion3 ,fir/--,! ,ca?olic ,*ur* has always "o & ! same fai?1 ! same =m ( public wor%ip1 ! same spiritual gov]nm5t4 ,z h] doctr9e & liturgy are un*angeable1 %e wi%es t ! language ( h] ,liturgy %\ld be fix$ & uni=m4 ,fai? may be call$ ! jewel1 & language is ! casket :i* conta9s x4 ,s c>eful is ! ,*ur* ( pres]v+ ! jewel intact t %e w n di/urb ev5 ! casket 9 :i* x is set4 ,liv+ tongues1 unlike a dead language1 are cont9ually *ang+ 9 words & mean+4 ,! ,engli% language z writt5 f\r c5turies ago w\ld be n[ almo/ z un9telligible to an ,engli% read] z ! ,lat9 tongue4 ,9 an old ,bible publi%$ 9 ! f\rte5? c5tury ,/4 ,paul calls himself ! villa9 ( ,jesus ,*ri/4 ,! ^w villa9 9 ^? days meant a s]vant1 b ! t]m w\ld n be complim5t>y n[ to "o ev5 less holy ?an ! ,apo/le4 ,?is is b "o in/ance1 out ( _m :i* ,i might adduce1 to %[ ! mutations :i* our language has und]gone4 ,b ! ,lat91 be+ a dead language1 is n liable to ^! *anges4 ,second--,! ,ca?olic ,*ur* is spread ov] ! :ole _w1 embrac+ 9 its fold *ildr5 ( all climes & nations1 & peoples & tongues "u ! sun4 ,h[1 ,i ask1 c\ld ! ,bi%ops ( ^! v>i\s c\ntries communicate ) "o ano!r 9 c\ncil if !y _h n "o language to s]ve z a common m$ium ( communication8 ,x w\ld be simply impossible4 ,a *ur* t is univ]sal mu/ h a univ]sal tongue2 :il/ a national *ur*1 or a *ur* ^: memb]s speak "o & ! same language1 & ^: doctr9es conv5i5tly *ange to suit ! times1 c safely adopt ! v]nacul> tongue 9 its liturgy4 ,a few ye>s ago a ,convocation 0 held 9 ,engl&1 compos$ ( ,briti% & ,am]ican ,episcopal ,bi%ops4 ,!y _h no difficulty 9 communicat+ ) "o ano!r because all spoke _! "m tongue4 ,b suppose !y _h repres5tatives f ,spa91 ,france & ,g]many4 ,! lips ( ^? ,cont95tal ,bi%ops w\ld be seal$ because !y c\ld n speak to _! ,engli% bro!rs2 _! e>s also w\ld be seal$ because !y c\ld n compreh5d :at 0 said to !m4 ,9 #ahfi1 at ! ,ecum5ical ,c\ncil ( ! ,vatican1 7 assembl$ ,bi%ops f all p>ts ( ! _w speak+ all ! civiliz$ languages ( ,*ri/5dom4 ,_h ^? ,bi%ops no uni=m language to express _! ?\ghts1 public debates & famili> conv]sation among !m w\ld h be5 impracticable4 ,! ,c\ncil ,*amb] w\ld h be5 a confus$ ,babel ( tongues4 ,b1 ?anks to ! ,lat9 language1 :i* !y all spoke 7except a few ,ori5tals71 _! spee*es 7 z pla9ly und]/ood z if ea* _h spok5 9 8 native dialect4 ,?ird--,moreov]1 ! ,bi%ops & ,cl]gy ( ! ,ca?olic ,*ur* are 9 frequ5t correspond5ce ) ! ,holy ,see4 ,?is requires t !y %\ld communicate 9 "o uni=m language1 o!rwise ! ,pope w\ld be compell$ to employ secret>ies speak+ e language 9 ,*ri/5dom4 ,b if ! ,prie/ says ,mass 9 an unkn[n tongue1 are n ! p !reby kept 9 ignorance ( :at he says1 & is n _! "t wa/$ 9 ,*ur*8 ,we are =c$ to smile at su* *>ges1 :i* are flippantly repeat$ f ye> to ye>4 ,^! ass]tions arise f a total ignorance ( ! ,mass4 ,_m ,prote/ants imag9e t ! ess5ce ( public wor%ip consi/s 9 a s]mon4 ,h5ce1 to _! m9ds1 ! prim>y duty ( a congregation is to li/5 to a disc\rse f ! pulpit4 ,pray]1 on ! contr>y1 accord+ to ,ca?olic tea*+1 is ! mo/ ess5tial duty ( a congregation1 ?\gh !y are also regul>ly in/ruct$ by s]mons4 ,n[1 :at is ! ,mass8 ,x is n a s]mon1 b x is a sacrifice ( pray] :i* ! ,prie/ (f]s up to ,god = himself & ! p4 ,:5 ! ,prie/ says ,mass he is speak+ n to ! p1 b to ,god1 to :om all languages are equally intelligible4 ,! congregation1 inde$1 c\ld n be expect$ to he> ! ,prie/1 ev5 if he spoke 9 ,engli%1 s9ce 8 face is turn$ f !m1 & ! great] "p ( :at he says is pron\nc$ 9 an und]tone4 ,& ?is 0 ! sy/em ( wor%ip ,god orda9$ 9 ! anci5t disp5sation1 z we le>n f ! ,old ,te/am5t & f ! fir/ *apt] ( ,/4 ,luke4 ,! ,prie/ (f]$ sacrifice & pray$ = ! p 9 ! sanctu>y1 :ile !y pray$ at a di/ance 9 ! c\rt4 ,9 all ! s*ismatic *ur*es ( ! ,ea/ ! ,prie/ 9 ! public s]vice prays n 9 ! vulg>1 b 9 a dead language4 ,su*1 also1 is ! practice 9 ! ,jewi% synagogues at ?is day4 ,! ,rabbi reads ! pray]s 9 ,hebrew1 a language ) :i* _m ( ! congregation are n famili>4 ,b is x true t ! p d n und]/& :at ! ,prie/ says at ,mass8 ,n at all4 ,=1 by ! aid ( an ,engli% ,missal1 or any o!r ,manual1 !y are able to foll[ ! (ficiat+ cl]gyman f ! beg9n+ to ! end ( ! s]vice4 ,y also obs]ve light$ tap]s on ! alt>1 & y desire to "k = :at purpose !y are us$4 ,9 ! ,old ,law ! ,almighty ,himself orda9$ t light$ *&eli]s %\ld adorn ! tab]nacle47#dbh7 ,assur$ly1 t _c be improp] 9 ! ,new ,disp5sation :i* ,god sanction$ 9 ! ,old4 ,! lights ^u our alt>s h bo? a hi/orical & a symbolical mean+4 ,9 ! primitive days ( ! ,*ur* ,*ri/ianity 0 n tol]at$ by ! ,pagan _w4 ,! ,*ri/ians 71 consequ5tly1 oblig$ to assemble = public wor%ip 9 ! ,catacombs ( ,rome & o!r secret places4 ,^! ,catacombs1 or subt]ranean rooms1 /ill exi/1 & are objects ( deep int]e/ to ! pi\s /rang] visit+ ! ,et]nal ,city4 ,z ^! hidd5 ap>tm5ts did n admit ! light ( ! sun1 ! fai?ful 7 oblig$ to h lights ev5 9 op5 day4 ,9 commemoration ( ! ev5t ! ,*ur* has reta9$ ! use ( lights on h] alt>s4 ,light$ c&les h also a symbolical mean+4 ,!y repres5t our ,savior1 :o is 8! light ( ! _w10 8:o enlight5e? e man t come? into ! _w10 )\t :om we %\ld be w&]+ 9 d>kness & 9 ! %ad[ ( dea?4 ,!y also s]ve to rem9d u to 8let our light s %9e be=e m5 7by our good example7 t !y may see our good works & glorify our ,fa!r :o is 9 heav540 ,lights are us$1 too1 z a sign ( spiritual joy4 ,/4 ,j]ome1 :o liv$ 9 ! f\r? c5tury1 rem>ks3 8,?r\gh\t all ! ,*ur*es ( ! ,ea/1 be=e ! read+ ( ! ,gospel1 c&les are light$ at mid-day1 n to dispel d>kness1 b z a sign ( joy40 ,y also notic$ ! ,prie/ inc5s+ ! alt>4 ,inc5se is a /rik+ emblem ( pray]1 :i* %\ld asc5d to heav5 f he>ts burn+ ) love1 j z ! fragrant smoke asc5ds f ! c5s]4 8,let my pray]10 says ! ,royal ,prophet1 8asc5d l inc5se 9 ,?y sight407#dbi7 ,god enjo9$ 9 ! ,old ,law ! use ( inc5se3 8,a>on %all burn sweet-smell+ inc5se ^u ! alt> 9 ! morn+407#dcj7 ,h5ce we see ! ,prie/ ,za*>iah 8(f] inc5se on go+ into ! temple ( ! ,"l4 ,& all ! multitude 7 pray+ )\t at ! h\r ( inc5se407#dca7 ,y p]ceive t ! alt> is decorat$ today ) vases & fl[]s because ?is is a fe/ival ( ! ,*ur*4 ,!re is "o spot on e>? :i* c nev] be too ri*ly adorn$1 & t is ! sanctu>y 9 :i* our ,"l v\*safes to dwell among u4 ,no?+ is too good1 no?+ too beautiful1 no?+ too preci\s = ,god4 ,he gives u all we possess1 & ! lea/ we c d 9 return is to ornam5t t spot :i* ,he has *os5 = ,8 abode ^u e>?4 ,! ,almighty1 x is true1 has no ne$ ( our gifts4 ,he is ri* )\t !m4 8,! e>? is ! ,"l's & ! fulness !re(40 ,nev]!less1 ,he is pleas$ to accept our (f]+s :5 !y are be/[$ ^u ,him z a m>k ( our affection1 j z a fa!r joyfully receives f 8 *ild a pres5t b\ght ) 8 own means4 ,our ,savior gratefully accept$ ! treasures ( ! ,magi1 ?\gh he c\ld h done )\t su* gifts4 ,"s p]sons1 :5 !y see our sanctu>y sumptu\sly decorat$1 w exclaim3 ,w\ld x n h be5 bett] to give to ! poor ! money sp5t 9 pur*as+ ^! ?+s8 ,s compla9$ ,judas 7?\gh c>+ n = ! poor7#dcb77 :5 ,m>y p\r$ f an alaba/] vase ! preci\s o9tm5t on ! feet ( an approv+ ,savior4 ,:y %\ld n we imitate ,m>y by plac+ at ,8 feet1 ar\nd ,8 sanctu>y1 our vases ) _! *a/e & fragrant fl[]s1 t ! ,*ur* may be fill$ ) _! p]fume1 z ,simon's h\se 0 fill$ ) ! odor ( ! o9tm5t8 ,does n ! ,almighty at c]ta9 seasons adorn ) lilies & fl[]s ( e hue ?is e>?1 :i* is ! great temple ( nature8 ,& :at is m appropriate ?an t we %\ld on special occasions embelli% our sanctu>y1 ! place :i* ,he has *os5 = ,8 habitation among u8 ,x is sweet to snat* f ! field its faire/ treasures :]e) to beautify ! temple made ) h&s4 ,! sacr$ ve/m5ts :i* y saw worn by ! (ficiat+ ,prie/ mu/ h /ruck y z v antique & out ( fa%ion4 ,nor is ?is surpris+1 = if y saw a lady ent] *ur* today ) a head-dress su* z worn 9 ! days ( ,que5 ,elizabe?1 h] appe>ance w\ld look to y v s+ul>4 ,n[1 our prie/ly ve/m5ts are f> old] 9 /yle ?an ! days ( ,que5 ,elizabe?2 mu* old] ev5 ?an ! ,briti% ,empire4 ,eusebius & o!r writ]s ( ! f\r? c5tury speak ( !m z already exi/+ 9 _! times4 ,x is no wond]1 !re=e1 t ^! ve/m5ts look odd to ! unfamili> eye4 ,9 ! ,old ,law ,god prescrib$ to ! ,prie/s ! ve/m5ts :i* !y %\ld we> :ile engag$ 9 _! sacr$ (fice3 8,& ^! %all be ! ve/m5ts :i* !y %all make 7= ! ,prie/73 a rational & an ephod1 a tunic & a /raight l95 g>m5t1 a mitre & a girdle4 ,!y %all make ! holy ve/m5ts = ?y bro!r ,a>on & 8 sons1 t !y may d ! (fice ( prie/hood unto ,me407#dcc7 ,guid$ by ,heav51 ! ,*ur* also prescribes sacr$ g>m5ts = h] m9i/]+ ,prie/s2 = x is em95tly prop] & becom+ t ! m9i/] ( ,god1 :ile engag$ 9 ! sacr$ my/]ies1 %\ld be array$ 9 g>m5ts :i* w\ld con/antly impress ^u him 8 sacr$ "* & rem9d him1 z well z ! congregation1 ( ! sublime functions he is p]=m+4 ,! ve/m5ts worn by ! ,prie/ :ile celebrat+ ,mass are an amict1 or :ite clo? ar\nd ! neck2 an alb1 or :ite g>m5t rea*+ to 8 ankles1 & b\nd ar\nd 8 wai/ by a c9cture2 a maniple susp5d$ f 8 left arm2 a /ole1 :i* is plac$ ov] 8 %\ld]s & cross$ at ! brea/2 & a *asuble1 or l>ge out] g>m5t4 ,! *asuble1 /ole & maniple v>y 9 color accord+ to ! occasion4 ,?us1 :ite ve/m5ts are us$ at ,*ri/mas1 ,ea/] & o!r fe/ivals ( joy1 also on fea/s ( ,confessors & ,virg9s2 r$ are us$ at ,p5teco/ & on fe/ivals ( ,apo/les & ,m>tyrs2 gre5 f ,tr9ity ,sunday to ,adv5t1 on days hav+ no special fea/2 purple dur+ ,l5t & ,adv5t1 & black 9 ,masses = ! dead4 ,"o m ^w on ?is subject4 ,only a few ye>s ago ! :ole ,prote/ant _w 0 unit$ 9 d5\nc+ ! use ( floral decorations on our alt>s1 inc5se1 sacr$ ve/m5ts1 & ev5 ! alt> itself1 z abom9ations ( ,pop]y4 ,b ( late a bett] _s has tak5 possession ( a respectable portion ( ! ,prote/ant ,episcopal *ur*4 ,aft] hav+ exhau/$ _! wra? aga9/ our ve/m5ts1 & vilifi$ !m z ! rags ( ! wick$ woman ( ,babylon1 ! memb]s ( ! ,rituali/ic *ur* h1 ) rem>kable dext]ity1 pass$ f "o extreme to ! o!r4 ,!y don our ve/m5ts1 !y sw+ our c5s]1 erect alt>s 9 _! *ur*es & adorn !m ) fl[]s & c&le-/icks4 ,^! ,rituali/s are1 h[ev]1 easily disc]n$ f ! true ,prie/4 ,%\ld "o ( !m ev] appe> be=e ! ,fa!r ( ! fai?ful 9 ^! ill-fitt+ robes ! v5]able ,pontiff w\ld exclaim1 ) ! ,patri>* ( old3 8,! voice inde$ is ! voice ( ,jacob1 b ! h&s are ! h&s ( ,esau40 ,i feel ! g>m5t ( ! ,prie/1 b ,i he> ! voice ( ! p>son4 ,god grant t1 z our misguid$ bro!rs h assum$ our sac]dotal g>m5ts1 !y may adopt our fai?1 t _! spee* may con=m to _! dress4 ,!n1 hav+ laid aside _! e>?ly /oles1 may !y des]ve1 l all fai?ful ,prie/s1 to be se5 8/&+ be=e ! ?rone1 & 9 sight ( ! ,lamb1 ) :ite /oles & palms 9 _! h&s1 444 say+3 #8,salvation to our ,god1 :o sitte? ^u ! ?rone1 & to ! ,lamb4' 07#dcd7 ,*apt] ,,xxvi4 ,,! ,,sacram5t ,,( ,,p5ance4 ,i4 ,! ,div9e ,in/itution ,( ,! ,sacram5t ,( ,p5ance4 ,! :ole hi/ory ( ,jesus ,*ri/ is m>k$ by m]cy & compassion = suff]+ humanity4 ,f ! mom5t ( ,8 inc>nation till ! h\r ( ,8 dea? e ?\ght & ^w & act ( ,8 ,div9e life 0 direct$ t[>d ! alleviation ( ! ills & mis]ies ( fall5 man4 ,z soon z ,he ent]s on ,8 public c>e] ,he goes ab\t do+ good to all m54 ,he gives sight to ! bl9d1 he>+ to ! deaf1 vigor to p>alyz$ limbs2 ,he applies ! salve ( com=t to ! ble$+ he>t & raises ! dead to life4 ,b1 :ile ,jesus occupi$ ,himself 9 br++ relief to corporal infirmities1 ! pr9cipal object ( ,8 mission 0 to release ! s\l f ! bonds ( s94 ,! v "n ( ,jesus indicates ?is important tru?3 8,?\ %alt call ,8 "n ,jesus10 says ! angel1 8= ,he %all save ,8 p f _! s9s407#dce7 ,=1 if ,jesus _h cont5t$ ,himself ) heal+ ! maladies ( our body )\t att5d+ to ^? ( our s\l1 ,he w\ld des]ve1 inde$1 to be call$ our ,physician1 b w\ld n m]it ! m ende>+ titles ( ,savior & ,r$eem]4 ,b z s9 0 ! greate/ evil ( man1 & z ,jesus came to remove f u our greate/ evils1 ,he came into ! _w *iefly z ! great ,absolv] f s94 ,magdal5 seems to h a consci\sness ( ?is4 ,%e ca/s h]self at ,8 feet1 :i* %e wa%es ) h] te>s & wipes ) h] hair1 :ile ,jesus pron\nces ov] h] ! sav+ words ( absolution4 ,! v demons recogniz$ ,jesus z ! enemy ( s91 = !y dread$ ,8 approa*1 kn[+ t ,he w\ld drive !m out ( ! bodies ( m54 ,our ,"l makes ! heal+ ( ! body second>y to t ( ! s\l4 ,:5 ,he deliv]s ! body f its di/emp]s ,8 object is to w9 ! confid5ce ( ! spectators by compell+ !m to recognize ,him z ! s\l's ,physician4 ,he says1 = in/ance1 to ! palsi$ man1 8,?y s9s are =giv5407#dcf7 ,! scribes are (f5d$ at our ,savior = presum+ to =give s9s4 ,he replies1 9 sub/ance3 ,if y d n believe ,my words1 believe ,my acts2 & ,he at once heals ! man ( 8 disease4 ,aft] he _h cur$ ! man t _h be5 langui%+ = ?irty-eight ye>s ,he :isp]$ to him ?is g5tle admonition1 8,s9 no m1 le/ "s wor/ ?+ may happ5 to !e407#dcg7 ,z mu* z our spiritual sub/ance excels ! fle% t surr\nds x1 s mu* m did our ,savior value ! resurrection ( a s\l f ! grave ( s9 ?an ! resurrection ( ! body f t ( dea?4 ,h5ce ,/4 ,augu/9e po9t$ly rem>ks t1 :ile ! ,gospel relates only ?ree resurrections ( ! body1 our ,"l1 dur+ ,8 mortal life1 rais$ ?\s&s ( s\ls to ! life ( grace4 ,z ! ,*ur* 0 e/abli%$ by ,jesus ,*ri/ to p]petuate ! "w :i* he _h begun1 x foll[s t ! reconciliation ( s9n]s to ,god 0 to be ! pr9cipal (fice ( sacr$ m9i/]s4 ,b ! important "q "h pres5ts itself3 ,h[ 0 man to obta9 =giv5ess 9 ! ,*ur* aft] our ,"l's asc5sion8 ,0 ,jesus ,*ri/ to appe> 9 p]son to e s9ful s\l & say to ea* p5it5t1 z ,he said to ,magdal51 8,?y s9s are =giv5 !e10 or did ,he int5d to delegate ?is p[] ( =giv+ s9s to m9i/]s appo9t$ = t purpose8 ,we "k well t our ,savior nev] promis$ to pres5t ,himself visibly to ea* s9n]1 nor has ,he done s4 ,8 plan1 !re=e1 mu/ h be5 to appo9t m9i/]s ( reconciliation to act 9 ,8 "n4 ,x has always1 inde$1 be5 ! practice ( ,almighty ,god1 bo? 9 ! ,old & ! ,new ,law1 to emp[] human ag5ts to execute ,8 m]ciful designs4 ,:5 ,jehovah resolv$ to deliv] ! *ildr5 ( ,israel f ! captivity ( ,egypt ,he appo9t$ ,moses _! deliv]]4 ,:5 ,god wi%$ !m to escape f ! pursuit ( ,ph>aoh across ! ,r$ ,sea1 did ,he int]v5e directly8 ,no2 b1 by ,8 in/ructions1 ,moses rais$ 8 h& ov] ! wat]s & !y 7 in/antly divid$4 ,:5 ! p 7 dy+ f ?ir/ 9 ! des]t1 did ,god come visibly to _! rescue8 ,no2 b ,moses /ruck ! rock1 f :i* ! wat] in/antly issu$4 ,:5 ,paul1 brea?+ v5geance aga9/ ! ,*ri/ians1 0 go+ to ,damascus1 did our ,savior p]sonally re/ore 8 sight1 conv]t & baptize him8 ,no2 ,he s5t ,paul to ,8 s]vant ,ananias1 :o re/or$ 8 sight & baptiz$ him4 ,! same ,apo/le beautifully describes to u 9 "o s5t5ce ( 8 ,epi/le to ! ,cor9?ians ! arrangem5t ( ,div9e ,provid5ce 9 ! reconciliation ( s9n]s3 8,god10 he says1 8ha? reconcil$ u to ,himself ?r\gh ,*ri/1 & ha? giv5 to u ! m9i/ry ( reconciliation4444 ,= ,*ri/1 !re=e1 we are ambassadors2 ,god1 z x 71 exhort+ ?r\gh u407#dch7 ,t is to say1 ,god s5ds ,*ri/ to reconcile s9n]s2 ,*ri/ s5ds u4 ,we are ,8 ambassadors1 reconcil+ s9n]s 9 ,8 "n4 ,:5 ,i ?9k ( ?is trem5d\s p[] t we possess ,i congratulate ! memb]s ( ! ,*ur*1 = ^: b5efit x is conf]r$2 ,i tremble = myself & my fell[-m9i/]s1 = t]rible is our responsibility1 :ile we h no?+ to glory 94 ,*ri/ is ! liv+ ,f\nta9 ( grace3 we are b ! *annels ?r\gh :i* x is convey$ to y\r s\ls4 ,*ri/ is ! treasure2 we are b ! pack-horses t c>ry x4 8,we be> ?is treasure 9 e>!n vessels40 ,*ri/ is ! %eph]d2 we are ! pipe ,he uses to call ,8 %eep4 ,our words s\nd+ 9 ! confessional are b ! feeble e*o ( ! voice ( ! ,_s ( ,god t purifi$ ! ,apo/les 9 ! c5acle ( ,j]usalem4 ,b h we ,gospel au?ority to %[ t our ,savior did conf] on ! ,apo/les & _! successors ! p[] to =give s9s8 ,we h ! mo/ positive te/imony1 & our ,savior's words conf]r+ ?is p[] are express$ 9 ! pla9e/ language :i* admits ( no misconception4 ,9 ! ,gospel ( ,/4 ,mat!w our ,savior ?us addresses ,pet]3 8,?\ art ,pet]1 & on ?is rock ,i w build ,my ,*ur*4444 ,& ,i w give to !e ! keys ( ! ,k+dom ( ,heav51 & :atsoev] ?\ %alt b9d on e>? %all be b\nd also 9 heav51 & :atsoev] ?\ %alt loose on e>? %all be loos$ also 9 heav5407#dci7 ,& to all ! ,apo/les assembl$ toge!r on ano!r occasion ,he uses ! same =cible language3 8,:atsoev] y %all b9d on e>? %all be b\nd also 9 heav51 & :atsoev] y %all loose on e>? %all be loos$ also 9 heav5407#ddj7 ,! s\l is en*a9$ by s94 ,i give y p[]1 says our ,"l1 to release ! p5it5t s\l f its gall+ fett]s1 & to re/ore x to ! lib]ty ( a *ild ( ,god4 ,9 ! ,gospel ( ,/4 ,john we h a /ill m /rik+ decl>ation ( ! absolv+ p[] giv5 by our ,savior to ,8 ,apo/les4 ,jesus1 aft] ,8 resurrection1 ?us addresses ,8 disciples3 8,peace be to y4 ,z ! ,fa!r ha? s5t ,me1 ,i also s5d y4444 ,receive ye ! ,holy ,gho/2 ^: s9s ye %all =give1 !y are =giv5 !m1 & ^: s9s ye %all reta91 !y are reta9$407#dda7 ,t peace :i* ,i give to y y w imp>t to rep5tant s\ls z a pl$ge ( _! reconciliation ) ,god4 ,! absolv+ p[] ,i h f ,my ,fa!r1 ! same ,i communicate to y4 ,receive ! ,holy ,gho/1 t y may imp>t ?is ,holy ,_s to s\ls possess$ by ! _s ( evil4 8,if _! s9s are z sc>let1 !y %all be made z :ite z sn[2 & if !y be r$ z crimson1 !y %all be :ite z wool407#ddb7 ,if !y are z num]\s z ! s&s on ! sea%ore1 !y %all be blott$ out1 provid$ !y come to y ) contrite he>ts4 ,! s5t5ce ( m]cy :i* y %all pron\nce on e>? ,i w ratify 9 heav54 ,f ^! words ( ,/4 ,john ,i draw ?ree important conclusions3 ,x foll[s1 fir/1 t ! =giv+ p[] 0 n re/rict$ to ! ,apo/les1 b ext5d$ to _! successors 9 ! m9i/ry unto all times & places4 ,! =giv5ess ( s9 0 to cont9ue :ile s9 la/$ 9 ! _w2 & z s91 alas6 w always be 9 ! _w1 s w ! rem$y = s9 be always 9 ! ,*ur*4 ,! m$ic9e w co-exi/ ) ! disease4 ,! p[] :i* our ,"l gave ! ,apo/les to prea*1 to baptize1 to confirm1 to orda91 etc41 0 transmitt$ by !m to _! successors4 ,:y n also ! p[] :i* !y _h receiv$ to =give s9s1 s9ce man's greate/ ne$ is 8 reconciliation ) ,god by ! =giv5ess ( 8 (f5ces8 ,x foll[s1 secondly t =giv5ess ( s9 0 ord9>ily to be obta9$ only ?r\gh ! m9i/ry ( ! ,apo/les & _! successors1 j z x 0 f !m t ! p 7 to receive ! ^w ( ,god & ! grace ( ,baptism4 ,! p>don+ p[] 0 a great pr]ogative conf]r$ on ! ,apo/les4 ,b :at k9d ( pr]ogative w\ld x be if p c\ld always obta9 =giv5ess by confess+ to ,god secretly 9 _! rooms8 ,h[ few w\ld h rec\rse to ! ,apo/les if !y c\ld obta9 =giv5ess on easi] t]ms6 ,god says to ,8 *os5 m9i/]s3 ,i give y ! keys ( ,my k+dom1 t y may disp5se ! treasures ( m]cy to rep5t+ s9n]s4 ,b ( :at use w\ld x be to give ! ,apo/les ! keys ( ,god's treasures = ! ransom ( s9n]s1 if e s9n] c\ld obta9 8 ransom )\t apply+ to ! ,apo/les8 ,if ,i gave y1 de> read]1 ! keys ( my h\se1 au?oriz+ y to admit :om y please1 t !y might p>take ( ! good ?+s conta9$ 9 x1 y w\ld conclude t ,i _h done y a small favor if y discov]$ t e "o 0 possess$ ( a private key1 & c\ld ent] :5 he pleas$ )\t consult+ y4 ,i h said t =giv5ess ( s9s is ord9>ily to be obta9$ ?r\gh ! m9i/ry ( ! ,apo/les & ( _! successors1 because x may sometimes happ5 t ! s]vices ( ,god's m9i/] _c be obta9$4 ,a m]ciful ,"l w n require 9 ?is conjuncture m ?an a he>ty sorr[ = s9 jo9$ ) a desire ( hav+ rec\rse z soon z practicable1 to ! tribunal ( ,p5ance2 = ,god's ord9ances b9d only su* z are able to fulfil !m4 ,x foll[s1 9 ! ?ird place1 t ! p[] ( =giv+ s9s1 on ! "p ( ,god's m9i/]1 involves ! obligation ( confess+ !m on ! "p ( ! s9n]4 ,! ,prie/ is n emp[]$ to give absolution to e "o indiscrim9ately4 ,he mu/ ex]cise ! p[] ) judgm5t & discretion4 ,he mu/ reject ! imp5it5t & absolve ! p5it5t4 ,b h[ w he judge ( ! disposition ( ! s9n] unless he kn[s 8 s9s1 & h[ w ! ,prie/ "k 8 s9s unless !y are confess$8 ,h5ce1 we are n surpris$ :5 we read 9 ! ,acts t 8,_m ( !m :o believ$ came confess+ & decl>+ _! de$s07#ddc7 to ! ,apo/les4 ,:y did !y confess _! s9s unless !y 7 b\nd to d s8 ,h5ce1 also1 we und]/& :y ,/4 ,john says3 8,if we confess our s9s1 ,he is fai?ful & j to =give u our s9s & to cleanse u f all iniquity407#ddd7 ,! /r5g? ( ^! texts ( ,scripture w appe> to y mu* m =cible :5 y are told t all ! ,fa!rs ( ! ,*ur*1 f ! fir/ to ! la/1 insi/ ^u ! necessity ( ,sacram5tal ,confession z a ,div9e in/itution4 ,we are n unfrequ5tly told by ^? :o are little acqua9t$ ) ! doctr9e & hi/ory ( ! ,*ur*1 t ,sacram5tal ,confession 0 n introduc$ into ! ,*ur* until #a1bjj ye>s aft] ! "t ( our ,savior4 ,9 v9dication ( _! bold ass]tion !y ev5 introduce quotations f ,,ss4 ,basil1 ,ambrose1 ,augu/9e1 ,j]ome & ,*ryso/om4 ,^! quotations are utt]ly irrelevant2 b1 if se5 9 ! context1 !y w t5d to prove1 in/ead ( disprov+1 ! ,ca?olic doctr9e ( ,confession4 ,= ! sake ( brevity ,i %all cite only a few passages f ! ,fa!rs ref]r$ to4 ,^! citations ,i take1 almo/ at r&om1 f ! copi\s writ+s ( ^! ,fa!rs on ,confession4 ,f ^! extracts y c judge ( ! s5tim5ts ( all ! ,fa!rs on ! subject ( ,confession4 8,ab uno disce omnes40 ,/4 ,basil writes3 8,9 ! confession ( s9s ! same me?od mu/ be obs]v$ z 9 lay+ op5 ! infirmities ( ! body2 = z ^! are n ra%ly communicat$ to e "o1 b to ^? only :o und]/& by :at me?od !y may be cur$1 s ! confession ( s9s mu/ be made to su* p]sons z h ! p[] to apply a rem$y407#dde7 ,lat] on he tells u :o ^? p]sons are4 8,necess>ily1 our s9s mu/ be confess$ to ^? to :om has be5 committ$ ! disp5sation ( ! my/]ies ( ,god4 ,?us1 also1 are !y f\nd to h act$ :o did p5ance ( old 9 reg>d ( ! sa9ts4 ,x is writt5 9 ! ,acts1 !y confess$ to ! ,apo/les1 by :om also !y 7 baptiz$407#ddf7 ,two conclusions obvi\sly foll[ f ^! passages ( ,/4 ,basil3 ,fir/1 ! necessity ( confession4 ,second1 ! obligation ( decl>+ our s9s to a ,prie/ to :om 9 ! ,new ,law is committ$ 8! disp5sation ( ! my/]ies ( ,god40 ,/4 ,ambrose1 ( ,milan1 writes3 8,! poison is s92 ! rem$y1 ! accusation ( "o's crime3 ! poison is iniquity2 confession is ! rem$y ( ! relapse4 ,&1 !re=e1 x is truly a rem$y aga9/ poison1 if ?\ decl>e ?9e iniquities1 t ?\ maye/ be ju/ifi$4 ,art ?\ a%am$8 ,?is %ame w avail !e little at ! judgm5t seat ( ,god407#ddg7 ,! foll[+ passage cle>ly %[s t ! great ,light ( ! ,*ur* ( ,milan is speak+ ( confession to ,prie/s3 8,!re are "s10 cont9ues ,/4 ,ambrose1 8:o ask = p5ance t !y may at once be re/or$ to ,communion4 ,^! d n s mu* desire to be loos$ z to b9d ! ,prie/2 = !y d n unburd5 _! consci5ce1 b !y burd5 81 :o is comm&$ n to give holy ?+s unto dogs--t is1 n easily to admit impure s\ls to ! ,holy ,communion407#ddh7 ,paul9us1 ! secret>y ( ,/4 ,ambrose1 9 8 life ( t great ,bi%op relates t he us$ to weep ov] ! p5it5ts ^: confessions he he>d4 ,/4 ,augu/9e writes3 8,our m]ciful ,god wills u to confess 9 ?is _w t we may n be conf\nd$ 9 ! o!r407#ddi7 ,& aga93 8,let no "o say to himself1 ,i d p5ance to ,god 9 private1 ,i d x be=e ,god4 ,is x !n 9 va9 t ,*ri/ ha? said1 #8,:atsoev] ?\ %alt loose on e>? %all be loos$ 9 heav58' ,is x 9 va9 t ! keys h be5 giv5 to ! ,*ur*8 ,d we make void ! ,gospel1 void ! words ( ,*ri/807#dej7 ,9 ?is extract h[ well do? ! great ,doctor meet ! sophi/ry ( ^? :o1 9 our times1 say t x is suffici5t to confess to ,god6 ,/4 ,*ryso/om1 9 8 ?irtie? ,homily1 says3 8,lo6 we h n[1 at l5g?1 rea*$ ! close ( ,holy ,l5t2 n[ especially we mu/ press =w>d 9 ! c>e] ( fa/+1 444 & exhibit a full & accurate confession ( our s9s1 444 t ) ^! good works1 hav+ come to ! day ( ,ea/]1 we may enjoy ! b\nty ( ! ,"l4444 ,=1 z ! enemy kn[s t hav+ confess$ our s9s & %[n our w\nds to ! physician we atta9 to an abundant cure1 he 9 an especial mann] opposes u40 ,aga9 he says3 8,d n confess to me only ( =nication1 nor ( ^? ?+s t are manife/ among all m51 b br+ toge!r also ?y secret calumnies & evil speak+s1 444 & all su* ?+s407#dea7 ,! great ,doctor pla9ly enjo9s "h a detail$ & specific confession ( our s9s n to ,god1 b to ,8 m9i/]1 z ! :ole context evid5tly %[s4 ,! same ,fa!r1 9 an eloqu5t treatise on ! p[] ( ! sacr$ m9i/ry1 uses ! foll[+ words3 8,to ! ,prie/s is giv5 a p[] :i* ,god w\ld n grant ei!r to angels or ar*angels2 inasmu* t :at ! ,prie/s d bel[ ,god ratifies above1 & ! ,ma/] confirms ! s5t5ce ( ,8 s]vants4 ,=1 ,he says1 #8,^: s9s y %all reta91 !y are reta9$4' 8,:at p[]1 ,i ask1 c be great] ?an ?is8 ,! ,fa!r ha? giv5 all p[] to ! ,son2 & ,i see all ?is same p[] deliv]$ to !m by ,god ! ,son4 8,to cleanse ! leprosy ( ! body1 or r to pron\nce x cleans$1 0 giv5 to ! ,jewi% ,prie/s alone4 ,b to our ,prie/s is grant$ ! p[] n ( decl>+ heal$ ! leprosy ( ! body1 b ( absolutely cleans+ ! defilem5ts ( ! s\l407#deb7 ,& aga93 8,if a s9n]1 z becomes him2 w\ld use ! aid ( 8 consci5ce1 & ha/5 to confess 8 crimes & disclose 8 ulc] to 8 physician1 :o may heal & n reproa*1 & receive rem$ies f him2 if he w\ld speak to him alone1 )\t ! k ( any "o1 & ) c>e lay all be=e him1 easily w\ld he am5d 8 fail+s2 = ! confession ( s9s is ! absolution ( crimes407#dec7 ,/4 ,j]ome writes3 8,if ! s]p5t1 ! devil1 secretly bite a man & ?us infect him ) ! poison ( s91 & ?is man %all rema9 sil5t1 & d n p5ance1 nor be will+ to make kn[n 8 w\nd to 8 bro!r & ma/]2 ! ma/]1 :o has a tongue t c heal1 _c easily s]ve him4 ,= if ! ail+ man be a%am$ to op5 8 case to ! physician no cure c be expect$2 = m$ic9e does n cure t ( :i* x kn[s no?+407#ded7 ,else:]e he says3 8,) u ! ,bi%op or ,prie/ b9ds or looses--n !m :o are m]ely innoc5t or guilty--b hav+ he>d1 z 8 duty requires1 ! v>i\s qualities ( s9 he und]/&s :o %\ld be b\nd & :o loos$407#dee7 ,c\ld ! ,ca?olic doctr9e reg>d+ ! p[] ( ! ,prie/s & ! obligation ( confession be express$ 9 /rong] language ?an ?is8 ,& yet ^! are ! v ,fa!rs :o are repres5t$ to be oppos$ to ,sacram5tal ,confession6 ,) a reckless disreg>d ( ! unanim\s voice ( antiquity our adv]s>ies h ! h>dihood to ass]t t private or ,sacram5tal ,confession 0 introduc$ at a p]iod subsequ5t to ! twelf? c5tury4 ,!y d n1 h[ev]1 v\*safe to in=m u by :at ,pope or ,bi%op or ,fa!r ( ! ,*ur*1 or by :at ,c\ncil1 or 9 :at c\ntry1 ?is mon/r\s innovation 0 foi/$ on ! ,*ri/ian ,republic4 ,surely1 an in/itution :i*1 9 _! e/imation1 has be5 fraught ) su* dire calamity to ,*ri/5dom1 ought to h its orig9 m>k$ ) m precision4 ,x is sometimes prud5t1 h[ev]1 n to be too p>ticul> 9 fix+ dates4 ,i %all n[1 ,i tru/1 %[ to ! satisfaction ( ! read]3 ,fir/--,t ,sacram5tal ,confession 0 n introduc$4 ,second--,t x c\ld n h be5 introduc$ into ! ,*ur* s9ce ! days ( ! ,apo/les1 & consequ5tly t x is ,apo/olic 9 its orig94 ,t ,confession 0 n inv5t$ s9ce ! days ( ! ,apo/les is manife/ z soon z we attempt to fix ! p]iod ( its fir/ e/abli%m5t4 ,let u g back1 /ep1 by /ep1 f ! n9ete5? to ! fir/ c5tury4 ,x _h n its orig9 9 ! pres5t c5tury1 z ev]ybody w admit4 ,nor did x arise 9 ! sixte5? c5tury1 s9ce ! ,g5]al ,c\ncil ( ,tr5t1 held 9 t age1 speaks ( x z an e/abli%$ & v5]able in/itution & ,lu!r says t 8auricul> ,confession1 z n[ 9 vogue1 is useful1 nay1 necess>y2 nor w\ld ,i10 he adds1 8h x aboli%$1 s9ce x is ! rem$y ( afflict$ consci5ces407#def7 ,ev5 ,h5ry ,,viii41 be=e he f\nd$ a new sect1 wrote a treatise 9 def5ce ( ! ,sacram5ts1 includ+ ,p5ance & ,confession4 ,x 0 n introduc$ 9 ! ?irte5? c5tury1 = ! ,f\r? ,c\ncil ( ,lat]an pass$ a decree 9 #abae oblig+ ! fai?ful to confess _! s9s at lea/ once a ye>4 ,?is decree1 ( c\rse1 supposes ,confession to be already an e/abli%$ fact4 ,"s ,prote/ant writ]s fall into a common error 9 int]pret+ ! decree ( ! ,lat]an ,c\ncil by say+ 8,sacram5tal ,confession 0 nev] requir$ 9 ! ,*ur* ( ,rome until ! ?irte5? c5tury40 ,! ,c\ncil simply prescrib$ a limit beyond :i* ! fai?ful %\ld n def] _! confession4 ,^! writ]s seem incapable ( di/+ui%+ betwe5 a law oblig+ u to a c]ta9 duty & a /atute fix+ ! "t = fulfill+ x4 ,!y might z well suppose t ! rev5ue (fic] creates ! law reg>d+ ! paym5t ( taxes :5 he issues a notice requir+ ! rev5ue to be paid )9 a giv5 "t4 ,go+ back to ! n9? c5tury we f9d t ,confession c\ld n h _h its rise !n4 ,x 0 at t p]iod t ! ,greek s*ism took its rise1 "u ! lead]%ip ( ,photius4 ,! ,greek s*ismatic *ur* has rema9$ s9ce !n a communion sep>ate f ! ,ca?olic ,*ur*1 hav+ no spiritual relations ) u4 ,n[1 ! ,greek *ur* is z t5aci\sly atta*$ to private ,confession z we are4 ,= ! same reasons ,confession c\ld n date its orig9 f ! fif? or f\r? c5tury4 ,! ,arians revolt$ f ! ,*ur* 9 ! f\r? c5tury1 & ! ,ne/orians & ,euty*ians 9 ! fif?4 ,! two la/-nam$ sects /ill exi/ 9 l>ge numb]s 9 ,p]sia1 ,abyss9ia & along ! coa/ ( ,malab>1 & reta9 ,confession z "o ( _! mo/ sacr$ & *]i%$ practices4 ,9 f9e1 no human ag5cy c\ld succe$ 9 in/itut+ ,confession betwe5 ! fir/ & f\r? c5tury1 = ! tea*+s ( our ,div9e ,r$eem] & ( ,8 disciples _h made too vivid an impression on ! ,*ri/ian community to be easily effac$2 & ! wor/ enemies ( ! ,*ur* admit t no spot or wr9kle _h yet de=m$ h] fair visage 9 ?is1 ! gold5 age ( h] exi/5ce4 ,^! rem>ks suffice to conv9ce u t ,sacram5tal ,confession 0 n in/itut$ s9ce ! "t ( ! ,apo/les4 ,i %all n[ endeavor to prove to y\r satisfaction t its introduction into ! ,*ur*1 s9ce ! ,apo/olic age1 0 absolutely impossible4 ,!re are two ways 9 :i* we may suppose t error might ins9uate itself into ! ,*ur*1 viz43 sudd5ly1 or by sl[ process4 ,n[1 ! introduction ( ,confession 9 ei!r ( ^? ways 0 simply impossible4 ,fir/1 no?+ c be m absurd ?an to suppose t ,confession 0 imm$iately =c$ ^u ! ,*ri/ian _w4 ,= exp]i5ce demon/rates ) :at sl[ness & difficulty m5 are dive/$ ( _! religi\s impressions1 :e!r true or false4 ,if su* is ! case ) individuals1 h[ ridicul\s w\ld x seem = :ole nations to adopt 9 a s+le day "s article ( belief :i* !y _h nev] admitt$ be=e4 ,h5ce1 we _c imag9e1 )\t do+ viol5ce to our good s5se1 t all ! good p ( ,*ri/5dom w5t to re/ "o night ignorant ( ! ,sacram5t ( ,p5ance1 & rose next morn+ firm believ]s 9 ! ,ca?olic doctr9e ( auricul> ,confession4 ,z well might we suppose t ! citiz5s ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates w\ld retire to re/ believ+ !y 7 liv+ "u a ,republic1 & awake impress$ ) ! conviction t !y 7 "u ! rule ( ,que5 ,victoria4 ,nor is x less absurd to suppose t ! practice ( ,confession 0 introduc$ by degrees4 ,h[ c we imag9e t ! ,fa!rs ( ! ,*ur*--! ,clem5ts1 ! ,leos1 ! ,gregories1 ! ,*ryso/oms1 ! ,j]omes1 ! ,basils & ,augu/9es1 ^? intrepid ,high ,prie/s ( ! ,"l1 :o1 9 e age1 at ! risk ( p]secution1 exile & dea? h /ood l fai?ful s5t9els on ! wat*-t[]s ( ,israel1 def5d+ ) sleepless eyes ! outskirts ( ! city ( ,god f ! slighte/ attack--h[ c we imag9e1 ,i say1 t !y w\ld suff] ! enemy ( tru? to invade ! v sanctu>y ( ,god's temple8 ,if !y 7 s vigilant 9 cutt+ (f ! lea/ )]$ bran* ( error1 h[ w\ld !y tamely submit to see s mon/r\s an exotic engraft$ on ! fruitful tree ( ! ,*ur*8 ,:at gives additional weight to ^! rem>ks is ! reflection t ,confession is n a speculative doctr9e1 b a doctr9e ( ! mo/ practical k9d1 influ5c+ our daily actions1 words & ?\ghts--a ,sacram5t to :i* ?\s&s ( ,*ri/ians h con/ant rec\rse 9 e "p ( ! _w4 ,x is a doctr9e1 moreov]1 h>d to fle% & blood1 & :i* no human p[]1 ev5 if x _h ! w1 c\ld impose on ! human race4 ,x is only a ,god t1 9 su* a case1 c\ld exact ! homage ( our ass5t4 ,9 :atev] light1 !re=e1 we view ! pres5t "q--:e!r we consid] ! circum/ances ( "t1 place1 mann] ( its introduction--! same inevitable conclusion />es u 9 ! face3 t ,sacram5tal confession is n ! inv5tion ( man1 b ! in/itution ( ,jesus ,*ri/4 ,b ! doctr9e ( prie/ly absolution & ! private confession ( s9s is n conf9$ to ! ,roman ,ca?olic & ,ori5tal s*ismatic *ur*es4 ,! same doctr9e is also taught by a l>ge & influ5tial portion ( ! ,prote/ant ,episcopal ,*ur* ( ,engl&4 ,! ,rev4 ,c4 ,s4 ,grueb]1 a cl]gyman ( ! ,*ur* ( ,engl&1 has rec5tly publi%$ a cate*ism 9 :i* ! absolv+ p[] ( ! m9i/] ( ,god1 & ! necessity & advantage ( confession1 are pla9ly set =?4 ,i w quote f ! ,rev4 g5tleman's book 8 id5tical words3 ,"q4 ,:at d y mean by absolution8 ,answ]4 ,! p>don or =giv5ess ( s94 ,q4 ,by :at special ord9ance ( ,*ri/ are s9s committ$ aft] ,baptism to be p>don$8 ,a4 ,by ! sacram5t ( absolution4 ,q4 ,:o is ! m9i/] ( absolution8 ,a4 ,a ,prie/4 ,q4 ,d y mean t a ,prie/ c really absolve8 ,a4 ,yes4 ,q4 ,9 :at place ( ! ,holy ,scripture is x record$ t ,*ri/ gave ?is p[] to ! prie/hood8 ,a4 ,9 ,john xx4 #bc2 see also ,matt4 xviii4 #ah4 ,q4 ,:at does ! pray]-book 7or ,book ( ,common ,pray]7 say8 ,a4 ,9 ! (fice = ! orda9+ ( ,prie/s ! ,bi%op is direct$ to say1 8,receive ! ,holy ,gho/ = ! (fice & "w ( a ,prie/ 9 ! ,*ur* ( ,god4 ,^: s9s ?\ do/ =give1 !y are =giv540 ,9 ! (fice = ! visitation ( ! sick x is said1 8,our ,"l ,jesus ,*ri/ ha? left 9 ,8 ,*ur* p[] to absolve all s9n]s t truly rep5t & believe 9 ,him40 ,9 ! ord] = morn+ & ev5+ pray] we say aga91 8,almighty ,god ha? giv5 p[] & comm&m5t to 8 m9i/]s to decl>e & pron\nce to ,8 p1 be+ p5it5t1 ! absolution & remission ( _! s9s40 ,q4 ,= :at purpose ha? ,*ri/ giv5 ?is p[] to ,prie/s to pron\nce absolution 9 ,8 "n8 ,a4 ,= ! consolation ( ! p5it5t2 ! quiet+ ( 8 consci5ce4 ,q4 ,:at mu/ prec$e ! absolution ( ! p5it5t8 ,a4 ,confession4444 ,be=e absolution privately giv51 confession mu/ be made to a ,prie/ privately4 ,q4 ,9 :at case does ! ,*ur* ( ,engl& ord] h] m9i/]s to move p to private1 or1 z x is call$1 to auricul> confession8 ,a4 ,:5 !y feel _! consci5ce tr\bl$ ) any weighty matt]4 ,q4 ,:at is weighty matt]8 ,a4 ,mortal s9 c]ta9ly is weighty2 s9s ( omission or commission ( any k9d t press ^u ! m9d are s1 too4 ,any?+ may be weighty t causes scruple or d\btfulness4 ,q4 ,at :at times 9 p>ticul> does ! ,*ur* s ord]8 ,a4 ,9 ! "t ( sickness1 & be=e com+ to ! ,holy ,communion4 ,q4 ,is !re any o!r class ( p]sons to :om confession is pr(itable8 ,a4 ,yes2 to ^? :o desire to lead a sa9tly life4 ,^!1 inde$1 are ! p]sons :o mo/ frequ5tly resort to x4 ,q4 ,is !re any o!r object 9 confession1 besides ! seek+ absolution = pa/ s9 & ! quiet+ ( ! p5it5t's consci5ce8 ,a4 ,yes2 ! practice ( confess+ ea* s+le s9 is a great *eck ^u ! commission ( s9 & a pres]vative ( purity ( life47#deg7 ,"h we h ! ,div9e in/itution ( prie/ly absolution & ! necessity & advantage ( ,sacram5tal confession pla9ly taught1 n 9 a speculative treatise1 b 9 a practical cate*ism1 by a di/+ui%$ m9i/] ( ! ,*ur* ( ,engl&2 taught by a m9i/] :o draws 8 sal>y f ! funds ( ! ,prote/ant ,episcopal *ur*2 :o prea*es & adm9i/]s 9 a *ur* edifice recogniz$ z a ,prote/ant ,episcopal *ur*1 & :o is 9 /rict communion ) a ,bi%op ( ! ,prote/ant ,episcopal ,*ur* ( ,engl&4 ,& ^! doctr9es are upheld1 n by "o em95t ,div9e only1 b by hundr$s ( cl]gym51 z well z by ?\s&s ( ! ,prote/ant ,episcopalians ( ,engl&4 ,:at a /range spectacle to behold ! same *ur* tea*+ diametrically opposite doctr9es6 ,:at is or?odox 9 ! diocese ( ,ba? & ,wells is decid$ly het]odox 9 ! diocese ( ,nor? ,c>ol9a4 ,an ord9ance :i* ,rev4 ,mr4 ,grueb] proclaims to be ( ,div9e fai? is *>act]iz$ by ,rt4 ,rev4 ,bi%op ,atk9son7#deh7 z ! inv5tion ( m54 ,:at ,dr4 ,grueb] inculcates z a mo/ salut>y practice ,dr4 ,atk9son ana!matizes z p]nici\s to religion4 ,confession1 :i*1 9 ! judgm5t ( ! =m]1 is a great 8*eck ^u ! commission ( s910 is /igmatiz$ by ! latt] z an inc5tive to s94 8,behold h[ good & pleasant x is = bre?r5 to dwell toge!r 9 unity407#dei7 ,suppose t ! v5]able ,prote/ant ,episcopal ,bi%op ( ,nor? ,c>ol9a1 9 pass+ ?r\gh ,engl&1 7 invit$ by ! ,rev4 ,mr4 ,grueb] to prea* 9 8 *ur* 9 ! morn+1 & t ! ,rt4 ,rev4 ,prelate *ose = 8 subject a s]mon on confession2 & suppose t ! ,rev4 ,mr4 ,grueb] select$ 9 ! ev5+1 z ! subject ( 8 disc\rse1 ! doctr9e advanc$ by him 9 8 cate*ism4 ,let u imag9e "s b5ight$ diss5t] att5d+ ,mr4 ,grueb]'s *ur* at ! morn+ & ev5+ s]vice1 ) ! view to be+ enlight5$ 9 ! tea*+s ( ! ,prote/ant *ur*4 ,w\ld n our diss5t] be sorely p]plex$1 on return+ home at night1 z to :at ! ,prote/ant ,episcopal *ur* really did tea*8 ,"s ,episcopalians are pleas$ to admit t confession may be resort$ to ) spiritual pr(it 9 c]ta9 abnormal cases--= in/ance1 9 "t ( sickness4 ,s t1 9 _! judgm5t1 a religi\s obs]vance :i* is salut>y to a sick man is p]nici\s to him 9 good heal?4 ,= ! life ( me1 ,i _c see h[ ! circum/ances ( bodily heal? c affect ! moral "* ( a religi\s act4 ,t a m9i/] ( ! ,bapti/ or ! ,me?odi/ *ur* %\ld d5y ! p[] ( prie/ly absolution ,i readily und]/&1 s9ce ^! *ur*es disclaim1 9 _! confessions ( fai?1 any su* pr]ogative = _! cl]gy4 ,b ,i _c well conceive :y a ,prote/ant ,episcopalian %\ld repudiate ! p>don+ p[]1 :i* is pla9ly ass]t$ 9 8 /&>d pray]-book4 ,:5ev] an ,episcopalian ,bi%op imposes h&s on c&idates = ! m9i/ry he employs ! foll[+ words1 :i* are f\nd 9 ! ,book ( ,common ,pray]3 8,receive ! ,holy ,gho/ = ! (fice & "w ( a ,prie/ 9 ! ,*ur* ( ,god1 n[ committ$ unto !e by ! imposition ( our h&s4 ,^: s9s ?\ do/ =give1 !y are =giv52 & ^: s9s ?\ do/ reta91 !y are reta9$407#dfj7 ,if ^! words d n mean t ! m9i/] receives by ! imposition ( ! ,bi%op's h&s ! p[] ( =giv+ s91 !y mean no?+ at all4 ,:5 ! ,bi%op pron\nces ?is s5t5ce1 ei!r he int5ds to convey ?is p[] ( absolution1 or he does n4 ,if he int5d$ to conf] ?is p[]1 he c\ld n employ m cle> & precise language to express 8 idea2 if he did n int5d to conf] ?is p[]1 !n 8 language is calculat$ to mislead4 ,j imag9e t prelate address+ a c&idate = ,holy ,ord]s1 9 ! morn+1 ) ! words3 8,^: s9s ?\ do/ =give !y are =giv520 & aft] ,div9e s]vice say+ to ! "y m9i/]3 8,rememb]1 sir1 y h no p[] to =give s9s4 ,! words ( ord9ation are a m]e figure ( spee*40 ,:5 a ,ca?olic ,bi%op orda9s ,prie/s he uses ! precise words :i* ,i h quot$1 because ! ,book ( ,common ,pray] borr[s !m f our ,pontifical4 ,b he means exactly :at he says1 viz3 ,t ! ,prie/ receives ?r\gh ! m9i/ration ( ! ,bi%op ! p[] ( =giv+ s9s4 ,to sum up3 ,we h se5 t ! ,sacram5t ( ,p5ance & absolution by ! ,prie/ is taught 9 ,scripture1 proclaim$ by ! ,fa!rs1 upheld n only by ,roman ,ca?olics ?r\gh\t ! _w1 b also by all ! s*ismatic ,*ri/ians ( ! ,ea/4 ,x is inculcat$ 9 ^? old & g5u9e editions ( ! ,book ( ,common ,pray]1 :i* h n be5 en]vat$ by be+ subject$ to ! prun+-knife 9 ?is c\ntry1 & ! same practice is enc\rag$ by an influ5tial portion ( ! ,prote/ant ,episcopal *ur* 9 ,engl&1 & ,i w add1 also1 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,aga91 "s object to prie/ly absolution on ! assumption t ! ex]cise ( su* a function w\ld be a usurpation ( an incommunicable pr]ogative ( ,god1 :o alone c =give s9s4 ,?is 0 precisely ! language address$ by ! ,scribes to our ,savior4 ,!y exclaim$3 8,he blaspheme?6 :o c =give s9s b ,god only807#dfa7 ,my answ]1 !re=e1 w be equally applicable to old & mod]n objectors4 ,x is n blasphemy = a ,prie/ to claim ! p[] ( =giv+ s9s1 s9ce he acts z ! delegate ( ! ,mo/ ,high4 ,x w\ld1 inde$1 be blasphem\s if a ,prie/ pret5d$ to absolve 9 8 own "n & by virtue ( 8 own au?ority4 ,b :5 ! ,prie/ absolves ! p5it5t s9n] he acts 9 ! "n1 & by ! express au?ority1 ( ,jesus ,*ri/2 = he says3 8,i absolve !e 9 ! "n ( ! ,fa!r1 & ( ! ,son1 & ( ! ,holy ,gho/40 ,let x be und]/ood once = all t ! ,prie/ arrogates to himself no ,div9e p[]s4 ,he is b a feeble voice4 ,x is ! ,holy ,_s t op]ates sanctity 9 ! s\l ( ! p5it5t4 ,n a few ,prote/ant ,episcopalians1 ,i believe1 /ill admit t orig9al s9 is wa%$ away 9 ! ,sacram5t ( ,baptism4 ,if ! m9i/] is n guilty ( blasphemy 9 be+ ! in/rum5t ( ,god's m]cy1 9 =giv+ s9s by ,baptism1 h[ c a ,prie/ blaspheme 9 be+ ! in/rum5t ( ,div9e m]cy1 9 absolv+ s9n]s 9 ! ,sacram5t ( ,p5ance8 ,! same ,"l :o in/itut$ ,baptism = ! remission ( orig9al s9 e/abli%$ ,p5ance = ! =giv5ess ( s9s committ$ aft] ,baptism4 ,did n ! ,apo/les ex]cise ,div9e p[] 9 rais+ dead bodies to life1 & 9 rais+ s\ls t 7 dead to ! life ( grace8 ,& yet no "o b ,scribes & ,ph>isees accus$ !m ( usurp+ ,god's p[]s4 ,_c ! ,almighty1 )\t d]ogat+ f ,8 own glory1 give to m5 9 ! n9ete5? c5tury privileges :i* ,he accord$ to !m 9 ! fir/ age ( ! ,*ur*8 ,f>1 !n1 f di%onor+1 we honor ,god by hav+ rec\rse to ! e>?ly physician :om ,he has appo9t$ = u1 &1 l ! multitude 9 ! ,gospel1 we 8glorify ,god1 :o ha? giv5 su* p[] to m5407#dfb7 ,o!rs object ?us3 ,:y confess to a ,prie/1 :5 y may confess to ,god 9 secret4 ,i w retort by ask+1 :y d y build f9e temples :5 y c wor%ip ,god 9 ! great temple ( nature8 ,:y pray 9 *ur* :5 y c pray 9 y\r *amb]8 ,:y li/5 to a m9i/] exp\nd+ ! ,^w ( ,god :5 y c read ! ,gospel at y\r leisure at home4 ,y answ] t ! ,"l au?orizes ^! ?+s4 ,s does ,he au?orize prie/ly absolution4 ,?is objection is n new4 ,x is v old4 ,/4 ,augu/9e1 :o liv$ f\rte5 hundr$ ye>s ago1 w answ] ! objection = me3 8,let no "o10 rem>ks ?is illu/ri\s ,doctor1 8say to himself1 ,i d p5ance to ,god 9 private2 ,i d x be=e ,god4 ,is x1 !n1 9 va9 t ,*ri/ has said3 #8,:atsoev] ye %all loose on e>? %all be loos$ 9 heav5'8 ,is x 9 va9 t ! keys h be5 giv5 to ! ,*ur*80 ,! "q = u is n :at ,god is able to d1 b :at ,he has will$ to d4 ,god might h adopt$ o!r means = ! ju/ification ( ! s9n]1 z ,he might h creat$ a _w diff]5t f ! pres5t "o4 ,b x is our bus9ess to take our ,fa!r at ,8 ^w1 & to h rec\rse ) gratitude to ! sy/em ,he has actually e/abli%$ = our ju/ification4 ,n[1 we are assur$ by ,8 infallible ^w t x is by hav+ rec\rse to ,8 consecrat$ m9i/]s t our s9s w be =giv5 u47#dfc7 ,x is relat$ 9 ! ,book ( ,k+s t ,naaman1 ! ,syrian1 0 afflict$ ) a griev\s leprosy1 :i* baffl$ ! skill ( ! physicians ( 8 c\ntry4 ,he _h 9 8 h\sehold a ,jewi% maid-s]vant4 ,%e spoke to h] ma/] ( ! great prophet ,eliseus1 :o liv$ 9 h] native c\ntry1 to :om ! ,"l _h giv5 ! p[] ( p]=m+ miracles4 ,%e bes\ght h] ma/] to consult ! prophet4 ,naaman1 accord+ly1 set out = ! c\ntry ( ,israel & begg$ ,eliseus to heal him4 ,! prophet told him to g & wa% sev5 times 9 ! ,jordan2 b ,naaman1 in/ead ( do+ z he 0 direct$1 became v angry1 & said3 8,i ?\ght he w\ld h come out to me1 444 & t\*$ ) 8 h& ! place ( ! leprosy1 & heal$ me4 ,are n ! ,abana & ! ,ph>f> riv]s ( ,damascus1 bett] ?an all ! wat]s ( ,israel1 t ,i may wa% 9 !m1 & be made clean807#dfd7 ,b ! s]vants ( ,naaman remon/rat$ ) him1 & bes\ght him to comply ) ! prophet's injunction1 tell+ him t ! conditions 7 easy & ! ,jordan 0 at h&4 ,naaman w5t & wa%$ & 0 cleans$4 ,our oppon5ts1 l ,naaman1 cry out3 8,:y %\ld y g to a ,prie/1 a s9n] l y\rself1 :5 secretly1 9 y\r own room1 y c approa* ,god1 ! pure f\nta9 ( grace1 to be wa%$ f y\r s9s80 ,i answ]1 because ,jesus ,*ri/1 a prophet1 & m ?an a prophet1 has comm&$ y to d s4 ,! la/ *>ge t ,i w notice is ! mo/ s]i\s & ! mo/ (f5sive4 ,we are told t private confession is lawless2 t ! consci5ce soon becomes 8enfeebl$ & *a9$ & />v$0 by x1 &1 worse & worse1 t s9s are m readily committ$1 if foll[$ by an absolution convey+ p>don--9 o!r words1 t ! m atta*$ ,ca?olics are to ! practice ( _! holy religion ! m deprav$ & corrupt !y become4 ,or1 if !y rema9 fai?ful to ,god1 ?is is n by reason (1 b 9 spite (1 _! religi\s ex]cises4 ,surely1 ?is 0 n ! s5tim5t ( ! late ,dr4 ,ives1 once ,prote/ant ,bi%op ( ,nor? ,c>ol9a1 & ( _m o!r illu/ri\s conv]ts1 :o1 f ! day ( _! conv]sion to ! h\r ( _! dea? nev] fail$ to receive consolation & /r5g? f ! sacr$ tribunal4 ,nor is x ! s5tim5t ( ,rev4 ,fa!r ,lyman1 a ,ca?olic ,prie/1 ( ,baltimore1 & bro!r ( ! assi/ant ,prote/ant ,bi%op ( ,nor? ,c>ol9a1 nor ( ! pres5t ,ar*bi%ops ( ,baltimore & ,philadelphia1 ( ! ,bi%ops ( ,wilm+ton1 ,clevel&1 ,columbus & ,ogd5sburg1 & a ho/ ( o!rs1 bo? ( ! ,prote/ant cl]gy & laity1 :o )9 ! la/ fifty ye>s h ent]$ ! ,ca?olic ,*ur*4 ,if we comp>e ! ,prote/ant & ,ca?olic sy/ems = ! =giv5ess ( s9s1 ! ,ca?olic sy/em w n suff] by ! comp>ison4 ,accord+ to ! ,prote/ant sy/em1 rep5tance is necess>y & suffici5t = ju/ification4 ,! ,ca?olic sy/em also requires rep5tance on ! "p ( ! s9n] z an indisp5sable pr]equisite = ! =giv5ess ( s94 ,b x requires mu* m ?an ?is4 ,be=e ! p5it5t receives absolution he mu/ c>efully exam9e 8 consci5ce & confess 8 s9s1 accord+ to _! numb] & k9d4 ,he is oblig$ to h a firm purpose ( am5dm5t1 to promise re/itution1 if he has defraud$ 8 neighbor1 to repair any injury done 8 neighbor's "*1 to be reconcil$ ) 8 enemies & to avoid ! occasions ( s94 ,d n ^! obligations af=d a bett] safegu>d aga9/ a relapse into s9 ?an a simple int]nal act ( contrition8 ,_m mo/ em95t ,prote/ant1 & ev5 infidel writ]s1 :o 7 conv]sant ) ! practical work+s ( ! confessional 9 ! c\ntries 9 :i* !y liv$1 be> te/imony to ! moral re=mation produc$ by x4 ,! fam\s ,g]man philosoph]1 ,leibnitz1 admits t x is a great b5efit conf]r$ on m5 by ,god t ,he left 9 ,8 ,*ur* ! p[] ( =giv+ s9s47#dfe7 ,voltaire1 c]ta9ly no fri5d ( ,*ri/ianity1 av[s 8t !re is n p]haps a m useful in/itution ?an confession407#dff7 ,r\sseau1 n less ho/ile to ! ,*ur*1 exclaims3 8,h[ _m re/itutions & rep>ations does n confession cause among ,ca?olics607#dfg7 ,! ,prote/ant au?orities ( ,nuremb]g1 9 ,g]many1 %ortly aft] ! e/abli%m5t ( ! re=m$ doctr9es 9 t city1 7 s mu* al>m$ at ! laxity ( morals :i* succe$$ aft] ! abolition ( confession t !y petition$ _! ,emp]or1 ,*>les ,v41 to h x re/or$4 ,x is a favorite cu/om = ! adv]s>ies ( ! ,ca?olic ,*ur* to ref] to ! alleg$ loose morals prevail+ 9 ,france & 9 o!r ,ca?olic c\ntries z a pro( ( ! inf]ior /&>d ( ,ca?olic morality4 ,?is is a safe1 & at ! same "t n ! mo/ honorable1 mode ( attack1 z ! p ( ^? nations are too f> (f to def5d !mselves4 ,= my "p1 ,i h sp5t a consid]able "t 9 v>i\s portions ( ,france1 & m edify+ ,*ri/ians ,i h nev] witness$ ?an ^? ,i met 9 t c\ntry4 ,= six ye>s ,i _h = my pr(essors ,fr5* ,prie/s1 ^: exempl>y lives 7 a daily s]mon to all ar\nd !m4 ,i submit t ! cosmopolitan city ( ,p>is 7waiv+1 = ! pres5t1 ! enormities ( :i* x is accus$71 is n to be adduc$ z a fair crit]ion ( ,fr5* morality4 ,let u /ay at home & judge ( ,ca?olic morals by ! examples furni%$ "u our eyes4 ,! influ5ce ( ! confessional has be5 fairly te/$ 9 ?is c\ntry s9ce ! f\ndation ( our ,republic4 ,are practical ,ca?olics enfeebl$ 9 consci5ce8 ,is _! consci5ce *a9$ & />v$8 ,has ! absolution !y receiv$ :ett$ _! appetites = m s98 ,are !y mon/]s ( immorality8 ,i ?9k t an enlight5$ ,prote/ant public w pron\nce a contr>y v]dict4 ,i feel t ,i c say1 ) tru?1 t ,ca?olics :o frequ5t ! confessional are g5]ally virtu\s 9 _! private lives1 j & honorable 9 _! deal+s ) o!rs1 & t !y cultivate *>ity & good-w t[>d _! fell[-citiz5s4 ,x w n d to reply t x is ! sy/em1 n ! individual1 t is attack$4 ,h[ c we judge ( a sy/em unless by its practical work+ 9 ! individual8 8,by _! fruits ye %all "k !m10 says our ,r$eem]4 ,vices1 inde$1 we h to deplore among c]ta9 classes ( our p1 :i* are (t5 sup]9duc$ by _! migratory habits & irregul> mode ( life4 ,b !y are commonly s9s ( frailty1 & ^! are n ! p]sons t are accu/om$ to approa* ! confessional4 ,if !y did _! lives w\ld be v diff]5t f :at !y are4 ,! be/ ( u1 alas6 are n :at we ought to be1 consid]+ ! graces we receive4 ,b if y seek = cant+ hypocrites1 or colossal default]s1 or p]petrators ( well-laid s*emes ( =g]y1 or ( sy/ematic lic5ti\sness1 or ( prem$itat$ viol5ce1 y w seek = su* 9 va9 among ^? :o frequ5t ! confessional4 ,!re is ano!r objection :i* x is difficult to kill4 ,x dies h>d &1 l ,banquo's gho/1 x w n d[n4 ,if y drive x f ! city1 x w fly to ! t[n4 ,if y expel x f ! t[n1 x w take refuge 9 ! village4 ,if y eject x f ! village1 x w hide itself l "s noxi\s animal1 9 "s des]t place until x makes its r\nds aga94 ,i allude to ! *>ge t a price has to be paid = remitt+ s9s4 8,y h only 7say ^! sl&]]s7 to pay a c]ta9 toll at ! confessional gate1 & y c pass ! bigge/ load ( s940 ,x is h>d to treat ^! objections s]i\sly4 ,i h be5 he>+ confessions = fifty ye>s1 & ( all :o h come to me1 n "o has _h ! s5se ( duty to (f] me any comp5sation = absolv+ !m1 & ?is is true ( e ,prie/ ) :om ,i h be5 acqua9t$4 ,! tru? is1 ! ,prie/ :o w\ld solicit a fee = absolution kn[s t he w\ld be guilty ( simony1 & w\ld be liable to susp5sion4 ,b we are told t confession is an intol]able yoke1 t x makes its vot>ies ! slaves ( ! ,prie/s4 ,be=e answ]+ ?is objection1 let me call y\r att5tion to ! inconsi/5cy ( our adv]s>ies1 :o bl[ hot & cold 9 ! same brea?4 ,!y d5\nce confession z be+ too h>d a rem$y = s9 & condemn x1 at ! same "t1 z be+ a smoo? road to heav54 ,9 "o s5t5ce !y /yle x a b$ ( roses2 9 ! next a b$ ( ?orns4 ,9 a prec$+ objection x 0 *>g$ t ! vot>ies ( confession _h no moral con/ra9t at all4 ,n[ x is said t _! consci5ce is b\nd 9 *a9s ( slav]y4 ,surely1 confession _c be h>d & easy at ! same "t4 ,i h already refut$1 ,i tru/1 ! =m] *>ge4 ,i %all n[ answ] ! second4 ,i am n aw>e 9 :at s5se our p are less indep5d5t ?an ^? ( any o!r class ( ! community4 ,! only re/ra9t1 z f> z ,i "k1 impos$ on ,ca?olics by _! ,prie/s is ! yoke ( ! ,gospel1 & to ?is re/ra9t no ,*ri/ian ought to object4 ,9 my e/imation1 no body ( ,*ri/ians enjoys m ,apo/olic fre$om ?an ^? ( ! ,ca?olic communion1 because !y are guid$ 9 _! conduct1 n by ! ev]-*ang+ ipse dixit ( any m9i/]1 b by ! un*angeable tea*+s ( ! ,*ur* ( ,jesus ,*ri/4 ,b if to love _! ,prie/1 to rev]5ce 8 sacr$ "*1 to obey 8 voice z ! voice ( ,god2 if to be will+ to make any sacrifice = _! spiritual fa!r2 if1 ,i say1 y call ?is slav]y1 !n our ,ca?olic p are slaves1 inde$1 &1 :at is m1 !y are cont5t ) _! *a9s4 ,ev5 our ,manuals ( ,devotion h n escap$ ! la% ( wanton criticism4 ,!y h excit$ ! pi\s horror ( "s mod]n ,ph>isees because !y conta9 a table ( s9s = ! use ( ^? prep>+ = confession4 ,! same fl[] t furni%es honey to ! bee supplies poison to ! wasp2 &1 9 l mann]1 ! same book t gives only ! honey ( consolation to ! dev\t read] has no?+ b moral poison = ^? t se>* its pages = no?+ else4 ,h[ c anyone object to ! table ( s9s 9 our pray]-books & consi/5tly advocate ! circulation ( ! ,bible1 :i* conta9s incomp>ably pla9] & m palpable allusions to gross crimes ?an are f\nd 9 our books ( devotion8 ,let u n =get ! adage1 8,honi soit qui mal y p5se40 ,i may be p]mitt$1 9 conclud+ ?is subject1 to add ! te/imony ( my own exp]i5ce on ! b5efic5t influ5ce ( ! confessional2 =1 l my bre?r5 9 ! m9i/ry1 ,i am1 9 ! language ( ,dryd51 8,"o br$ ap>t f worldly noise1 ,to /udy s\ls1 _! cures1 & _! diseases40 ,s9ce ! "t ( my ord9ation up to ! pres5t h\r ,i h be5 accu/om$ to he> confessions almo/ e day4 ,i h1 !re=e1 _h a fair opportunity ( asc]ta9+ ! value ( ! 8sy/em40 ,! impressions =c$ ^u my m9d1 f> f be+ peculi> to myself1 are %>$ by e ,ca?olic ,prie/ ?r\gh\t ! _w *>g$ ) ! c>e ( s\ls4 ,! te/imony ( t5 exp]i5c$ confessors ought1 9 my e/imation1 to h m weight 9 enabl+ m5 to judge ( ! moral t5d5cies ( ! confessional ?an ! gratuit\s ass]tions ( a ?\s& individuals :o h no p]sonal exp]i5ce ( x1 b :o draw on _! heat$ imag9ations or on ! pages ( s5sational novels = ! /atem5ts !y (f]4 ,my exp]i5ce is t ! confessional is ! mo/ p[]ful lev] ev] erect$ by a m]ciful ,god = rais+ m5 f ! mire ( s94 ,x has m weight 9 )draw+ p f vice ?an ev5 ! pulpit4 ,9 public s]mons we scatt] ! se$ ( ! ,^w ( ,god2 9 ! confessional we reap ! h>ve/4 ,9 s]mons1 to use a milit>y phrase1 ! fire is at r&om1 b 9 confession x is a dead %ot4 ,! words ( ! ,prie/ g home to ! he>t ( ! p5it5t4 ,9 a public disc\rse ! ,prie/ addresses all 9 g5]al1 & 8 words ( admonition may be applicable to v few ( 8 he>]s4 ,b 8 words spok5 9 ! confessional are direct$ exclusively to ! p5it5t1 ^: he>t is op5 to receive ! ,^w ( ,god4 ,! confessor exhorts ! p5it5t accord+ to 8 spiritual wants4 ,he cautions him aga9/ ! frequ5tation ( dang]\s company & o!r occasions ( s91 or he recomm5ds special practices ( piety suit$ to ! p5it5t's wants4 ,h5ce mission>ies are accu/om$ to e/imate ! fruit ( a mission m by ! numb] ( p5it5ts :o h approa*$ ! sacr$ tribunal ?an by ! numb] ( p]sons :o h li/5$ to _! s]mons4 ,( all ! labors t our sacr$ m9i/ry imposes on u1 !re is none m ardu\s or m irksome ?an t ( he>+ confessions4 ,if ,i may make a revelation ( my own life1 ,i def]r$ receiv+ ,holy ,ord]s = two ye>s1 f a s5se ( ! dread responsibility connect$ ) ! confessional4 ,x is no trifl+ task to sit = six or eight consecutive h\rs on a hot summ] day1 li/5+ to /ories ( s9 & sorr[ & mis]y4 ,x is only ! consci\sness ( ! imm5se good he is do+ t su/a9s ! confessor 9 ! sacr$ tribunal4 ,he is "o 8:o c h compassion on ! ignorant & err+1 because he himself is also encompass$ ) infirmity407#dfh7 ,i h se5 ! man ^: consci5ce 0 weigh$ d[n by ! accumulat$ s9s ( tw5ty w9t]s4 ,^u 8 face 7 br&$ guilt & %ame1 remorse & confusion4 ,!re he /ood by ! confessional1 ) d[nca/ c\nt5ance1 a%am$1 l ! ,publican1 to look up to heav54 ,he glid$ into ! little m]cy-seat4 ,no human e> w ev] le>n :at !re transpir$4 ,! revelations ( ! confessional are a seal$ book4 ,b dur+ ! brief "t sp5t 9 ! confessional a resurrection occurr$ m miracul\s ?an ! rais+ ( ,laz>us f ! tomb--x 0 ! resurrection f ! grave ( s9 ( a s\l t _h long la9 worm-eat54 ,dur+ ^? preci\s mom5ts a ray f heav5 dispell$ ! d>kness & gloom f t self-accus]'s m9d4 ,! g5ial w>m? ( ! ,holy ,_s melt$ 8 froz5 he>t1 & ! purify+ influ5ce ( ! same ,_s t came on ! ,apo/les1 8l a mighty w9d f heav510 scatt]$ ! poison\s atmosph]e 9 :i* he liv$ & fill$ 8 s\l ) ,div9e grace4 ,:5 he came out !re 0 quickness 9 8 /ep1 joy on 8 c\nt5ance1 a new light 9 8 eye4 ,_h y ask$ him :y1 he w\ld h answ]$3 8,because ,i 0 lo/1 & am f\nd4 ,hav+ be5 dead1 ,i am come to life aga9407#dfi7 ,,ii4 ,on ,! ,relative ,morality ,( ,ca?olic ,& ,prote/ant ,c\ntries4 ,x has be5 gravely ass]t$ t ! confession ( s9 & ! doctr9e ( absolution t5d to ! spread ( crime & immorality4 ,/ati/ics are produc$ to %[ t murd] & illegitimate bir?s are l>gely 9 excess 9 c\ntries "u ,ca?olic influ5ce1 & t ?is preval5ce ( wick$ness is ! result ( confession & easy absolution4 ,if our sy/em ( absolv+ ^? only :o bo? rep5t & confess leads to laxity ( morals1 h[ mu* m mu/ ! ,prote/ant sy/em1 :i* omits t :i* is mo/ humiliat+ & admits ! s9n] to reconciliation on condition ( m]e int]ior dispositions8 ,z all our cate*isms tea*1 & z e ,ca?olic kn[s1 !re is no p>don ( s9 )\t sorr[ ( he>t & purpose ( am5dm5t4 ,x is a great mi/ake to suppose t ! mo/ ignorant ,ca?olic believes he c procure ! p>don ( 8 s9s by simply confess+ !m )\t be+ truly sorry = !m4 ,! e/imate :i* s _m ,prote/ants set on ! virtue ( ev5 ! l[] classes ( ,roman ,ca?olics is cle>ly en\gh ev9c$ 9 ! pref]5ce :i* !y con/antly manife/ 9 _! employm5t ( ,ca?olics--practical ,ca?olics--,ca?olics :o g to confession4 ,i ma9ta91 !re=e1 t confession1 f> f be+ an inc5tive to s91 z our adv]s>ies h ! h>dihood to affirm1 is a mo/ p[]ful *eck on ! depravity ( m5 & a mo/ effectual prev5tive ( _! crim9al excesses4 ,b is x true t crimes1 especially murd] & illegitimacy1 are m preval5t 9 ,ca?olic ?an 9 ,prote/ant c\ntries8 ,i utt]ly d5y ! ass]tion1 & also appeal to /ati/ics 9 support ( ! d5ial4 ,:5ce d our oppon5ts d]ive _! in=mation8 ,=soo?1 f ,rev4 ,m4 ,hob>t ,seym\r's 8,nights ,among ,romani/s0 & simil> absolutely unreliable compilations1 ! false /atem5ts ( :i* h be5 aga9 & aga9 refut$4 ,rev4 ,mr4 ,seym\r gives ! foll[+ li/ ( ! numb] ( murd]s 9 ,engl&1 ,france & ,irel&3 ,irel&3 #ai homicides to ! million ( inhabitants ,france3 #ca ,engl&3 #d ,! read] ( ! above might well draw back 9 a/oni%m5t & exclaim1 8,truly moral atmosph]e ( ,engl&60 ,b h[ d ^! /atem5ts comp>e ) ! (ficial records :i* ,i submit to ! unprejudic$ read]8 ,rec5t returns f ! 8,h&-,book0 = ,france1 & 8,?om's ,(ficial ,directory = ,engl& & ,irel&1 #ahfi10 are z foll[s3 ,convictions 7& ,executions4 s5t5ces to dea?74 #ahfd4--;,france #i #e #ahfg4--;,engl& & #bg #aj ,wales ,irel& #c #j ,^! figures1 :i* are f au!nticat$ s\rces1 d n be> out our accus]s 9 _! ass]tion t murd]s are m preval5t 9 ,ca?olic ?an 9 ,prote/ant c\ntries4 ,! /ati/ics ( ?is crime are limit$1 or !y are n 9 v g5]al circulation4 ,b we h m ext5sive in=mation 9 ref]5ce to ! o!r great crime :i*1 x is *>g$1 prevails to a mu* m al>m+ ext5t 9 c\ntries "u ,ca?olic influ5ce1 viz41 illegitimacy4 ,"h aga9 we %all meet /ati/ics ) c\nt]-/ati/ics to refute unju/ decl>ations4 ,we d n wi% to be und]/ood z advocat+ ! immaculat5ess ( ,ca?olic communities4 ,we frankly admit & he>tily deplore ! disord]s :i* ,ca?olics commit1 b we d5y t !y are worse ?an _! ,prote/ant neighbors2 & /ill m emphatically d we d5y t ! ,*ur* is responsible = _! disord]s4 ,! ,j\rnal ( ! ,/ati/ical ,society ( ,london1 ( ! ye>s #ahfj1 '#fb1 '#fe1 '#fg1 gives ! numb] ( illegitimate bir?s 9 ,engl& & ,wales z #f-a_/b 9 e hundr$1 :il/ 9 ! ,ca?olic k+dom ( ,s>d9ia ! numb] is slightly ov] two 9 ! hundr$1 & 9 ,irel& ?ree 9 e hundr$4 ,if ! te/ ( illegitimacy is a correct index ( ! morality ( a c\ntry1 h[ refre%+ to pass f ,prote/ant ,engl& across to ,ca?olic ,irel& or to ! ,cont95t & visit ,s>d9ia6 ,! moral atmosph]e ( ^! c\ntries1 comp>$ ) ,engl&1 mu/ be z a heal?ful breeze to a pe/il5tial m>%4 ,t we may see at a glance ! real condition ( ,european c\ntries 9 ref]5ce to ?is species ( crime1 ,i w "h ins]t z correct a table z c be made f ! late/ reports4 7,vid4 ,ca?olic ,_w1 ,vol4 ,,xi41 p4 #aab47 ,p]c5tage ,( ,illegitimacy ,9 ,prote/ant ,& ,ca?olic ,c\ntries ,( ,europe4 ,prote/ant4 ,p] c5t4 ,holl& #d4j ,switz]l& #e4e ,prussia 7,prote/ant7 #aj4j ,engl& & ,wales #f4e ,sw$5 & ,norway #i4f ,scotl& #aj4a ,d5m>k #aa4j ,g]man ,/ates #ad4h ,wurtemburg #af4d ,ca?olic4 ,italy #e4a ,spa9 #e4e ,france #g4b ,prussia 7,ca?olic7 #f4e ,belgium #g4b ,au/ria #aa4a ,irel& #c4j ,we h divid$ ,prussia into ,prote/ant & ,ca?olic because /ati/ics are kept accord+ to ! religi\s cre$ ( ! p2 & we discov] t1 :il/ among ! ,ca?olic portion ( ! empire !re is b a p]c5tage ( six & a half ( illegitimate bir?s1 among ! ,prote/ants x runs up to t5 p] c5t4 ,& ! same rem>k is applicable to ,irel&4 ,! ,scotman1 ^: /atem5ts are bas$ on ! report ( ! ,briti% ,regi/r>-,g5]al1 publi%es ! foll[+ /ati/ics3 8,! proportion ( illegitimate bir?s to ! total numb] ( bir?s is 9 ,irel& #c4h p] c5t42 9 ,engl& ! proportion is #f4d2 9 ,scotl& #i4i2 9 o!r words1 ,engl& is ne>ly twice1 & ,scotl& ne>ly ?rice worse1 ?an ,irel&4 ,some?+ worse has to be add$1 f :i* no consolation c be d]iv$4 ,! proportion ( illegitimacy is v unequally di/ribut$ ov] ,irel&1 & ! inequality r humbl+ to u z ,prote/ants1 & /ill m z ,presbyt]ians & ,scot*m54 ,tak+ ,irel& accord+ to ! regi/ration divisions1 ! proportion ( illegitimate bir?s v>ies f #f4b to #a4c4 ,! division %[+ ?is l[e/ figure is ! we/]n1 be+ sub/antially ! ,prov9ce ( ,connaught1 :]e ab\t n9ete5-tw5tie?s ( ! population are ,celtic & ,roman ,ca?olic4 ,! division %[+ ! highe/ proportion ( illegitimacy is ! nor?-ea/]n1 :i* comprises1 or almo/ consi/s (1 ! ,prov9ce ( ,ul/]1 :]e ! population is almo/ equally divid$ betwe5 ,prote/ants & ,roman ,ca?olics1 & :]e ! great majority ( ,prote/ants are ( ,scot* blood & ( ! ,presbyt]ian *ur*4 ,! sum ( ! :ole matt] is1 t semi-,presbyt]ian & semi-,scot* ,ul/] is fully ?ree times m immoral ?an :olly ,popi% & :olly ,iri% ,connaught--:i* corresponds ) wond]ful accuracy to ! m g5]al fact t ,scotl&1 z a :ole1 is ?ree times m immoral ?an ,irel& z a :ole40 ,x is wor?y1 too1 ( notice1 t 9 ! tabul> /atem5t above pres5t$ ! p]c5tage ( illegitimacy 9 ,holl& & ,switz]l&1 :]e !re are l>ge ,ca?olic m9orities1 is l[] ?an 9 any o!r ,prote/ant c\ntry4 ,we h at h& evid5ces1 furni%$ by ,prote/ant writ]s1 ( ! hide\s immoralities ( c]ta9 ,european nations t are m ?or\ghly ,prote/antiz$ ?an ,engl& itself4 ,?us1 ,mr4 ,la+ writes3 8,( ! #b1gad *ildr5 born 9 ,/ockholm1 #a1egg 7 legitimate1 #a1acg illegitimate2 mak+ only a balance ( #ddj *a/e mo!rs out ( #b1gad2 & ! proportion ( illegitimate to legitimate *ildr5 n z "o to two & ?ree-t5?s1 b z "o to "o & a half40--,a ,t\r 9 ,sw$5 9 #ahch4 ,b we are n dispos$ to p>ade ^! mon/r\s vices1 no matt] by :om committ$4 ,we allude to !m ) feel+s ( %ame1 n ( pleasure2 & give !m a pass+ notice m]ely 9 self-def5ce aga9/ ! gratuit\s ass]tions ( our adv]s>ies4 ,we c]ta9ly d n wi% to excuse or palliate ! evil de$s ( ,ca?olics1 :o1 ) all ! bless$ aids :i* _! religion af=ds1 ought to be mu* bett] ?an !y are4 ,yet we w add1 quot+ ! words ( ! ,ca?olic ,_w3 8,if we are n v mu* bett] ?an our neighbors1 we are n any worse2 & are n to be h\nd$ d[n ) ! cry ( vice & immorality by a set ( ,ph>isees :o are con/antly laud+ _! own sup]iority & ?ank+ ,god !y are s mu* bett] ?an we poor ,ca?olics40 ,*apt] ,,xxvii4 ,,indulg5ces4 ,!re are few t5ets ( ! ,ca?olic ,*ur* s little und]/ood1 or s grossly misrepres5t$ by h] adv]s>ies1 z h] doctr9e reg>d+ ,indulg5ces4 ,"o ( ! reasons ( ! popul> misappreh5sion ( an ,indulg5ce may be ascrib$ to ! *ange :i* ! mean+ ( t t]m has gradually und]gone4 ,! ^w ,indulg5ce orig9ally signifi$ favor1 remission or =giv5ess4 ,n[1 x is commonly us$ 9 ! s5se ( unlawful gratification1 & ( free scope to ! passions4 ,h5ce1 :5 "s ignorant or prejudic$ p]sons he> ( ! ,*ur* grant+ an ,indulg5ce ! idea ( lic5se to s9 is at once pres5t$ to _! m9ds4 ,an ,indulg5ce is simply a remission 9 :ole or 9 "p1 ?r\gh ! sup]abundant m]its ( ,jesus ,*ri/ & ,8 sa9ts1 ( ! temporal puni%m5t due to ,god on acc\nt ( s9 aft] ! guilt & et]nal puni%m5t h be5 remitt$4 ,x %\ld be borne 9 m9d t1 ev5 aft] our guilt is remov$1 !re (t5 rema9s "s temporal puni%m5t to be und]gone1 ei!r 9 ?is life or ! next1 z an expiation to ,div9e sanctity & ju/ice4 ,! ,holy ,scripture furni%es u ) _m examples ( ?is tru?4 ,m>y1 ! si/] ( ,moses1 0 p>don$ ! s9 :i* %e _h committ$ by murmur+ aga9/ h] bro!r4 ,nev]!less1 ,god inflict$ on h] ! p5alty ( leprosy & ( sev5 days' sep>ation f ! p47#dgj7 ,na?an1 ! prophet1 ann\nc$ to ,david t 8 crimes 7 =giv51 b t he %\ld suff] _m *a/isem5ts f ! h& ( ,god47#dga7 ,t our ,"l has giv5 to ! ,*ur* ! p[] ( grant+ ,indulg5ces is cle>ly d$uc$ f ! ,sacr$ ,text4 ,to ! ,pr9ce ( ! ,apo/les ,he said3 8,:atsoev] ?\ %alt b9d on e>? %all be b\nd also 9 heav52 & :atsoev] ?\ %alt loose on e>? %all be loos$ also 9 heav5407#dgb7 ,& to all ! ,apo/les assembl$ toge!r ,he made ! same solemn decl>ation47#dgc7 ,by ^! words our ,savior emp[]$ ,8 ,*ur* to deliv] h] *ildr5 7if prop]ly dispos$7 f e ob/acle t might ret>d !m f ! ,k+dom ( ,heav54 ,n[ !re are two imp$im5ts t )hold a man f ! heav5ly k+dom--s9 & ! temporal puni%m5t incurr$ by x4 ,& ! ,*ur* hav+ p[] to remit ! great] ob/acle1 :i* is s91 has p[] also to remove ! small] ob/acle1 :i* is ! temporal puni%m5t due on acc\nt ( x4 ,! pr]ogative ( grant+ ,indulg5ce has be5 ex]cis$ by ! tea*]s ( ! ,*ur* f ! beg9n+ ( h] exi/5ce4 ,/4 ,paul ex]cis$ x 9 behalf ( ! ince/u\s ,cor9?ian :om he _h condemn$ to a sev]e p5ance proportion$ to 8 guilt1 8t 8 _s might be sav$ 9 ! day ( ! ,"l407#dgd7 ,& hav+ le>n$ aft]w>ds ( ! ,cor9?ian's f]v5t contrition ! ,apo/le absolves him f ! p5ance :i* he _h impos$3 8,to him1 t is su* a "o1 ?is rebuke is suffici5t1 :i* is giv5 by _m4 ,s t contr>iwise y %\ld r p>don & com=t him1 le/1 p]haps1 su* a "o be swall[$ up ) ov]-mu* sorr[4444 ,& to :om y h p>don$ any?+1 ,i also4 ,=1 :at ,i h p>don$1 if ,i h p>don$ any?+1 = y\r sakes ,i h done x 9 ! p]son ( ,*ri/407#dge7 ,"h we h all ! elem5ts t con/itute an ,indulg5ce4 ,fir/--,a p5ance1 or temporal puni%m5t proportion$ to ! gravity ( ! (f5ce1 is impos$ on ! transgressor4 ,second--,! p5it5t is truly contrite = 8 crime4 ,?ird--,?is det]m9es ! ,apo/le to remit ! p5alty4 ,f\r?--,! ,apo/le consid]s ! relaxation ( ! p5ance ratifi$ by ,jesus ,*ri/1 9 ^: "n x is imp>t$4 ,we f9d ! ,bi%ops ( ! ,*ur*1 aft] ! ,apo/le1 wield+ ?is same p[]4 ,no "o disputes ! "r1 :i* !y claim$ f ! v fir/ ages1 ( inflict+ canonical p5ances on griev\s crim9als1 :o 7 subject$ to long fa/s1 sev]e ab/95ces & o!r mortifications = a p]iod ext5d+ f a few days to five or t5 ye>s & ev5 to a lifetime1 accord+ to ! gravity ( ! (f5ce4 ,^! p5alties 71 9 sev]al in/ances1 mitigat$ or cancell$ by ! ,*ur*1 accord+ to h] discretion2 = a society t c inflict a puni%m5t c also remit x4 ,our ,"l gave ,8 ,*ur* p[] n only to b9d1 b also to loose4 ,?is discretion>y pr]ogative 0 (t5 ex]cis$ by ! ,*ur* at ! int]cession ( ^? :o 7 condemn$ to m>tyrdom1 :5 ! p5it5ts !mselves gave /rong m>ks ( f]v5t sorr[1 z we le>n f ! writ+s ( ,t]tullian & ,cyprian4 ,! ,g5]al ,c\ncil ( ,nice & o!r ,synods au?orize ,bi%ops to mitigate1 or ev5 to remit altoge!r1 public p5ances1 :5ev]1 9 _! judgm5t1 ! p5it5t manife/$ special m>ks ( rep5tance4 ,n[1 9 relax+ ! canonical p5ances1 or 9 sub/itut+ = !m a mild] satisfaction1 ! ,bi%ops grant$ :at we call an ,indulg5ce4 ,?is s5t5ce ( remission on ! "p ( ! ,bi%ops 0 valid n only 9 ! sight ( ! ,*ur*1 b also 9 ! sight ( ,god4 ,al?\gh ! ,*ur* imposes canonical p5ances no long]1 ,god has nev] ceas$ to inflict temporal puni%m5t = s94 ,h5ce ,indulg5ces cont9ue to be necess>y n[1 if n z sub/itute = canonical p5ances1 at lea/ z a mild & m]ciful paym5t ( ! temporal debt due to ,god4 ,an ,indulg5ce is call$ pl5>y or p>tial1 accord+ z x remits ! :ole or a "p ( ! temporal puni%m5t due to s94 ,an ,indulg5ce1 = in/ance1 ( =ty days remits1 be=e ,god1 s mu* ( ! temporal puni%m5t z w\ld h be5 expiat$ 9 ! primitive ,*ur* by a canonical p5ance ( =ty days4 ,al?\gh ! v "n ( ,indulg5ce is n[ s repugnant to our diss5t+ bre?r51 !re 0 a "t :5 ! ,prote/ant ,*ur* pr(ess$ to grant !m4 ,9 ! canons ( ! ,*ur* ( ,engl& ref]5ce is made to ,indulg5ces1 & to ! disposition to be made ( ! money paid = !m47#dgf7 ,f :at ,i h said y may judge = y\rself :at to ?9k ( ^? :o say t an ,indulg5ce is ! remission ( pa/ s9s1 or a lic5se to commit s9 grant$ by ! ,pope z a spiritual comp5sation to ! fai?ful = pecuni>y (f]+s made him4 ,i ne$ n in=m y t an ,indulg5ce is nei!r ! "o nor ! o!r4 ,x is n a remission ( s91 s9ce no "o c ga9 an ,indulg5ce until he is already free f s94 ,x is /ill less a lic5se to commit s92 = e ,ca?olic *ild kn[s t nei!r ,prie/ nor ,bi%op nor ,pope nor ev5 ,god ,himself--) all rev]5ce be x said--c give lic5se to commit ! smalle/ fault4 ,b are n ,indulg5ces at v>iance ) ! _s ( ! ,gospel1 s9ce !y appe> to be a mild & feeble sub/itute = alms-giv+1 fa/s1 ab/95ces & o!r p5it5tial au/]ities1 :i* ,jesus ,*ri/ inculcat$ & practis$1 & :i* ! primitive ,*ur* en=c$8 ,! ,*ur*1 z e "o mu/ "k :o is acqua9t$ ) h] hi/ory1 nev] exempts h] *ildr5 f ! obligation ( do+ works ( p5ance4 ,no "o c d5y t ! practices ( mortification are m frequ5t among ,ca?olics ?an among ,prote/ants4 ,:]e w y f9d ! evangelical duty ( fa/+ en=c$1 if n f ! ,ca?olic pulpit8 ,x is well kn[n t1 among ! memb]s ( ! ,ca?olic ,*ur*1 ^? :o avail !mselves ( ! boon ( ,indulg5ces are usually h] mo/ practical1 edify+ & f]v5t *ildr54 ,_! spiritual gr[? f> f be+ ret>d$1 is quick5$ by ! aid ( ,indulg5ces1 :i* are usually accompani$ by acts ( contrition1 devotion1 self-d5ial & ! reception ( ! ,sacram5ts4 ,b1 d :at we w1 we _c please our oppon5ts4 ,if we fa/ & give alms2 if we crucify our fle%1 & make pilgrimages & p]=m o!r works ( p5ance1 we are accus$ ( cl++ to ! rags ( dead works1 in/ead ( hold+ on to ,jesus by fai?4 ,if1 on ! o!r h&1 we enri* our s\ls ) ! treasures ( ,indulg5ces we are *>g$ ) rely+ on ! vic>i\s m]its ( o!rs & ( light5+ too mu* ! salut>y burd5 ( ! cross4 ,b h[ c ,prote/ants consi/5tly f9d fault ) ! ,*ur* = mitigat+ ! au/]ities ( p5ance1 s9ce _! own fundam5tal pr9ciple re/s on fai? alone )\t good works8 ,b h n ,indulg5ces be5 ! occasion ( _m abuses at v>i\s times1 p>ticul>ly 9 ! sixte5? c5tury8 ,i w n d5y t ,indulg5ces h be5 abus$2 b are n ! mo/ sacr$ ?+s liable to be p]v]t$8 ,?is is a prop] place to ref] briefly to ! ,bull ( ,pope ,leo ,x4 proclaim+ ! ,indulg5ce :i* af=d$ ,lu!r a pretext = 8 apo/asy4 ,leo det]m9$ to br+ to completion ! magnific5t ,*ur* ( ,/4 ,pet]1 comm5c$ by 8 pr$ecessor1 ,julius ,,ii4 ,) t view he issu$ a ,bull promulgat+ an ,indulg5ce to su* z w\ld contribute "s volunt>y (f]+ t[>d ! erection ( ! gr& ca!dral4 ,^?1 h[ev]1 :o contribut$ no?+ %>$ equally 9 ! treasury ( ! ,*ur*1 provid$ !y compli$ ) ! ess5tial conditions = ga9+ ! ,indulg5ce4 ,! only indisp5sable conditions enjo9$ by ! ,papal ,bull 7 s9c]e rep5tance & confession ( s9s4 ,d',aubigne admits ?is tru?1 ?\gh 9 a falt]+ mann]1 :5 he obs]ves t 89 ! ,pope's ,bull some?+ 0 said ( ! rep5tance ( ! he>t & ! confession ( ! lips407#dgg7 ,! applicants = ! ,indulg5ce knew well t1 no matt] h[ munific5t 7 _! (f]+s1 ^! w\ld avail !m no?+ )\t true contrition ( he>t4 ,no traffic or sale ( ,indulg5ces 01 consequ5tly1 au?oriz$ or c\nt5anc$ by ! ,head ( ! ,*ur*1 s9ce ! contributions 7 und]/ood to be volunt>y4 ,9 ord] to *eck any sordid love ( ga9 9 ^? *>g$ ) prea*+ ! ,indulg5ce1 8! h& t deliv]$ ! ,indulg5ce10 z ,d',aubigne te/ifies1 8c\ld n receive ! money3 t 0 =bidd5 "u ! sev]e/ p5alties407#dgh7 ,:]e91 !n1 0 ! conduct ( ! ,pope repreh5sible8 ,c]ta9ly n 9 solicit+ ! donations ( ! fai?ful = ! purpose ( erect+ a temple ( wor%ip1 a temple :i* today /&s unrivall$ 9 maje/y & beauty6 8,b ?\ ( temples old1 or alt>s new1 ,/&e/ alone1 ) no?+ l to !e2 ,wor?ie/ ( ,god1 ! holy & ! true1 ,s9ce ,sion's desolation1 :5 t ,he ,=sook ,8 =m] city1 :at c\ld be ,( e>?ly /ructures1 9 ,8 honor pil$1 ,( a sublim] aspect8 ,maje/y1 ,p[]1 ,glory1 ,/r5g?1 & ,beauty1 all are aisl$ ,9 ?is et]nal ark ( wor%ip undefil$407#dgi7 ,if ,moses 0 ju/ifi$ 9 appeal+ to ! ,hebrew p1 9 ! ,old ,law1 = (f]+s to adorn ! tab]nacle1 :y %\ld n ! ,pope be equally ju/ifi$ 9 appeal+ = simil> (f]+s to ! ,*ri/ian p1 among :om he ex]cises supreme au?ority1 z ,moses did among ! ,israelites8 ,nor did ! ,pope exce$ 8 legitimate p[]s 9 promis+ to ! pi\s donors spiritual favors 9 ex*ange = _! donations4 ,= if our s9s c be r$eem$ by alms to ! poor17#dhj7 z ! ,scripture tells u1 :y n z well by (f]+s 9 ! cause ( religion8 ,:5 ,prote/ant m9i/]s appeal to _! congregations 9 behalf ( !mselves & _! *ildr51 or 9 support ( a *ur*1 !y d n fail to hold out to _! he>]s spiritual bless+s 9 rew>d = _! gifts4 ,x is n long s9ce a ,me?odi/ p>son ( ,new ,york address$ ^! sacr$ words to ,cornelius ,v&]bilt1 ! millionaire1 :o _h end[$ a ,me?odi/ college3 8,cornelius1 ?y pray] is he>d1 & ?y alms are _h 9 remembrance 9 ! sight ( ,god407#dha7 ,! m9i/] is m indulg5t ?an ev5 ! ,pope1 to :om 7 giv5 ! keys ( ! ,k+dom ( ,heav52 = ! m9i/] decl>es ,cornelius absolv$ )\t ! prelim9>y ( confession or contrition1 :ile ev51 accord+ to ,d',aubigne1 ! inflexible ,pope insi/$ on ! necessity ( 8rep5tance ( ! he>t & confession ( ! lips0 be=e ! donor's (f]+ c\ld avail him to salvation4 ,john ,tetzel1 a ,dom9ican monk1 :o _h be5 appo9t$ ! *ief prea*] to ann\nce ! ,indulg5ce 9 ,g]many1 0 accus$ by ,lu!r ( exce$+ 8 p[]s by mak+ !m subs]vi5t to 8 own private ends4 ,tetzel's conduct 0 disav[$ & condemn$ by ! repres5tative ( ! ,holy ,see4 ,! ,c\ncil ( ,tr5t1 held "s "t aft]1 took effectual measures to put a /op to all irregul>ities reg>d+ ,indulg5ces & issu$ ! foll[+ decree3 8,wi%+ to correct & am5d ! abuses :i* h crept into !m1 & on occasion ( :i* ?is signal "n ( ,indulg5ces is blasphem$ by h]etics1 ! ,holy ,synod enjo9s 9 g5]al1 by ! pres5t decree1 t all wick$ traffic = obta9+ !m1 :i* has be5 ! fruitful s\rce ( _m abuses among ! ,*ri/ian p1 %\ld be :olly aboli%$407#dhb7 ,*apt] ,,xxviii4 ,,extreme ,,unction4 ,extreme ,unction is a ,sacram5t 9 :i* ! sick1 by ! ano9t+ ) holy oil & ! pray]s ( ! ,prie/s1 receive spiritual succor & ev5 corporal /r5g? :5 su* is conducive to _! salvation4 ,?is unction is call$ ,extreme1 because x is usually ! la/ ( ! holy unctions adm9i/]$ by ! ,*ur*4 ,! ,apo/le ,/4 ,james cle>ly ref]s to ?is ,sacram5t & po9ts out its efficacy 9 ! foll[+ words3 8,is any man sick among y2 let him br+ 9 ! ,prie/s ( ! ,*ur*1 & let !m pray ov] him1 ano9t+ him ) oil 9 ! "n ( ! ,"l1 & ! pray] ( fai? %all save ! sick man2 & ! ,"l %all raise him up2 & if he be 9 s9s1 !y %all be =giv5 him407#dhc7 ,sev]al ( ! anci5t ,fa!rs allude to ?is ,sacram5t4 ,orig5 7?ird c5tury7 writes3 8,!re is also a remission ( s9s ?r\gh p5it5ce1 :5 ! s9n] 444 is n a%am$ to decl>e 8 s9 to ! ,prie/ ( ! ,"l1 & to seek a rem$y 444 :]e9 t also is fulfill$ :i* ! ,apo/le ,james sai?3 #8,b if any be sick among y1 let him call 9 ! ,prie/s ( ! ,*ur*1 & let !m impose h&s on him1 ano9t+ him ) oil 9 ! "n ( ! ,"l4' 07#dhd7 ,/4 ,*ryso/om 7f\r? c5tury7 says3 8,n only :5 !y 7! ,prie/s7 reg5]ate u1 b !y h also p[] to =give s9s committ$ aft]w>d2 = he says3 #8,is any man sick among y2 let him call 9 ! ,prie/s ( ! ,*ur*1 & let !m pray ov] him1 ano9t+ him ) oil 9 ! "n ( ! ,"l4' 07#dhe7 ,pope ,innoc5t ,i4 7fif? c5tury71 9 a lett] to a ,bi%op nam$ ,dec5tius1 aft] quot+ ! words ( ,/4 ,james1 proce$s3 8,^! words1 !re is no d\bt1 ought to be und]/ood ( ! fai?ful :o are sick1 :o c be ano9t$ ) ! holy oil1 :i*1 hav+ be5 prep>$ by a ,bi%op1 may be us$1 n only = ,prie/s1 b = all ,*ri/ians407#dhf7 ,! ,sacram5t>y1 or anci5t ,roman ,ritual1 revis$ by ,pope ,/4 ,gregory 9 ! six? c5tury1 prescribes ! bless+ ( oil by ! ,bi%op1 & ! pray]s to be recit$ 9 ! ano9t+ ( ! sick4 ,! v5]able ,b$e ( ,engl&1 :o liv$ 9 ! eigh? c5tury1 ref]r+ to ! words ( ,/4 ,james1 writes3 8,! cu/om ( ! ,*ur* requires t ! sick be ano9t$ by ! ,prie/s ) consecrat$ oil & be sanctifi$ by ! pray] :i* accompanies x407#dhg7 ,! ,greek ,*ur*1 :i* sep>at$ f ! ,roman ,ca?olic ,*ur* 9 ! n9? c5tury1 says 9 its pr(ession ( fai?3 8,! sev5? ,sacram5t is ,extreme ,unction1 prescrib$ by ,*ri/2 =1 aft] ,he _h begun to s5d ,8 disciples two & two 7,m>k vi4 #g-ac71 !y ano9t$ & heal$ _m1 :i* unction ! ,*ur* has s9ce ma9ta9$ by pi\s usage1 z we le>n f ! ,epi/le ( ,/4 ,james3 #8,is any man sick among y1' etc4 ,! fruits prop] to ?is ,sacram5t1 z ,/4 ,james decl>es1 are ! remission ( s9s1 heal? ( s\l1 /r5g?--9 f9e1 ( body4 ,b ?\gh x does n always produce ?is la/ result1 x always1 at lea/1 re/ores ! s\l to a bett] /ate by ! =giv5ess ( s9s40 ,?is is precisely ! ,ca?olic tea*+ on ?is subject4 ,all ! o!r ,ori5tal *ur*es1 "s ( :i* sep>at$ f ,rome 9 ! fif? c5tury1 likewise enum]ate ,extreme ,unction among _! ,sacram5ts4 ,su* id5tity ( doctr9e proclaim$ dur+ s _m ages by *ur*es s wide ap>t c h no o!r ?an an ,apo/olic orig94 ,! em95t ,prote/ant ,leibnitz makes ?is c&id admission3 8,!re is no room = mu* discussion reg>d+ ! unction ( ! sick4 ,x is support$ by ! words ( ,scripture1 ! int]pretation ( ! ,*ur*1 9 :i* pi\s & ,ca?olic m5 safely confide4 ,nor d ,i see :at any "o c f9d repreh5sible 9 t practice :i* ! ,*ur* accepts407#dhh7 ,prote/ants1 ?\gh pr(ess+ to be guid$ by ! ,holy ,scripture1 entirely disreg>d ! admonition ( ,/4 ,james4 ,lu!r act$ ) m consi/5cy4 ,f9d+ t ! injunction ( ! ,apo/le 0 too pla9 to be expla9$ away by subtlety ( words1 he boldly reject$ ! entire ,epi/le1 :i* he contemptu\sly /yl$ 8a lett] ( /raw407#dhi7 ,x is sad to ?9k t our sep>at$ bre?r5 disc>d ?is consol+ in/rum5t ( grace1 ?\gh press$ ^u !m by an ,apo/le ( ,jesus ,*ri/2 =1 surely1 a spiritual m$ic9e :i* dim9i%es ! t]rors ( dea?1 com=ts ! dy+ ,*ri/ian1 =tifies ! s\l 9 its f9al /ruggle1 & purifies x = its passage f "t to et]nity1 %\ld be gratefully & eag]ly made use (1 especially :5 prescrib$ by an inspir$ ,physician4 ,*apt] ,,xxix4 ,,! ,,prie/hood4 ,! ,apo/les 7 clo!d ) ! p[]s ( ,jesus ,*ri/4 ,! ,prie/1 z ! successor ( ! ,apo/les1 is clo!d ) _! p[]4 ,?is fact reveals to u ! em95t dignity ( ! prie/ly "*4 ,! exalt$ dignity ( ! ,prie/ is d]iv$ n f ! p]sonal m]its = :i* he may be conspicu\s1 b f ! sublime functions :i* he is *>g$ to p]=m4 ,to ! c>nal eye ! ,prie/ looks l o!r m51 b to ! eye ( fai? he is exalt$ above ! angels1 because he ex]cises p[]s n giv5 ev5 to angels4 ,! ,prie/ is ! ambassador ( ,god1 appo9t$ to v9dicate ,8 honor & to proclaim ,8 glory4 8,we are ambassadors = ,*ri/10 says ! ,apo/le2 8,god1 z x 71 exhort+ by u407#dij7 ,if x is e/eem$ a great privilege = a citiz5 ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates to repres5t our c\ntry 9 any ( ! c\rts ( ,europe1 h[ mu* great] is ! pr]ogative to repres5t ! c\rt ( heav5 among ! nations ( ! e>?6 8,z ! ,fa!r ha? s5t ,me10 says our ,"l to ,8 ,apo/les1 8,i also s5d y407#dia7 8,go+1 !re=e1 tea* ye all nations1 444 tea*+ !m to obs]ve all ?+s1 :atsoev] ,i h comm&$ y4 ,&1 behold1 ,i am ) y all days1 ev5 to ! consummation ( ! _w407#dib7 ,! jurisdiction ( e>?ly repres5tatives is limit$1 b ! au?ority ( ! m9i/]s ( ,god ext5ds ov] ! :ole e>?4 8,g ye into ! :ole _w & prea* ! ,gospel10 says ,*ri/1 8to e creature407#dic7 ,n only does ,jesus emp[] ,8 m9i/]s to prea* 9 ,8 "n1 b he comm&s _! he>]s to li/5 & obey4 8,:osoev] w n receive y1 nor he> y\r words1 go+ =? f t h\se or city1 %ake (f ! du/ f y\r feet4 ,am51 ,i say to y1 x %all be m tol]able = ! l& ( ,sodom & ,gomorrha 9 ! day ( judgm5t ?an = t city407#did7 8,he t he>e? y he>e? ,me2 & he t despise? y despise? ,me2 & he t despise? ,me despise? ,him t s5t ,me407#die7 ,god requires n only t ,8 ,gospel %\ld be he>d ) rev]5ce1 b t ! p]sons ( ,8 ,apo/les %\ld be honor$4 ,z no great] insult c be (f]$ to a nation ?an to insult its repres5tative at a =eign c\rt1 s no great] injury c be (f]$ to our ,"l ?an to d viol5ce to ,8 repres5tatives1 ! ,prie/s ( ,8 ,*ur*4 8,t\* n ,my ano9t$1 & d no evil to ,my prophets407#dif7 ,god av5g$ ! crime ( two & =ty boys :o mock$ ! prophet ,eliseus by s5d+ wild bea/s to te> !m 9 pieces4 ,! frightful dea? ( ,m>ia ,monk1 ! calum9ator ( consecrat$ ,prie/s & ,virg9s1 :o end$ h] life a drunk5 maniac on ,blackwell's ,isl&1 proves t our religi\s in/itutions are n to be mock$ ) impunity4 ,:5 an ambassador is accr$it$ f ?is c\ntry to a =eign c\rt1 he is honor$ ) ! confid5ce ( ! ,presid5t1 f :om he receives private in/ructions4 ,s does ,jesus honor ,8 ambassadors ) ,8 fri5d%ip & communicate to !m ! secrets ( heav53 8,i w n n[ call y s]vants2 =1 ! s]vant kn[e? n :at 8 ,"l doe?4 ,b ,i h call$ y fri5ds1 because all ?+s :atsoev] ,i h he>d ( ,my ,fa!r ,i h made kn[n to y407#dig7 ,:at a privilege to be ! h]ald ( ,god's law to ! nations ( ! e>?6 8,h[ beautiful on ! m\nta9s are ! feet ( him t br+e? good tid+s & t prea*e? peace3 ( him t %[e? =? good1 t prea*e? salvation1 t sai? to ,sion3 ,?y ,god %all reign407#dih7 ,h[ *]i%$ a favor to be ! be>] ( ! olive bran* ( peace to a _w delug$ by s92 to be appo9t$ by ,heav5 to proclaim a ,gospel :i* br+s glory to ,god1 & peace to m52 t ,gospel :i* /r5g!ns ! weak1 conv]ts ! s9n]1 reconciles enemies1 consoles ! afflict$ he>t & holds out to all ! hope ( et]nal salvation6 ,i h (t5 reflect$ on a rem>k made to me by ,s5ator ,bay>d ( ,delaw>e3 8,y ( ! cl]gy10 he said1 8h a great advantage z public speak]s ov] u political m54 ,y enjoy ! confid5ce ( y\r he>]s4 ,y c speak z long z y please1 y c admoni% & rebuke z mu* z y please1 )\t any fe> ( contradiction2 :ile we are con/antly liable to int]ruption40 ,o6 :at a trem5d\s p[] is wield$ by ! ,ca?olic prea*]6 ,hundr$s ( s\ls are hang+ on 8 words2 hundr$s are su/a9$ by him 9 spiritual life1 & leave ! ,*ur* dep5d+ on him :e!r !y g =? =tifi$ ) ! ,bread ( life1 or fami%$ & disappo9t$4 ,i c say ( e ,prie/ :at ,simeon said ( our ,"l1 8,?is man is set = ! fall & ! resurrection ( _m 9 ,israel40 ,n only are ,prie/s ! ambassadors ( ,god1 b !y are also ! disp5s]s ( ,8 graces & ! almon]s ( ,8 m]cy4 8,let a man s reg>d u10 says ! ,apo/le1 8z m9i/]s ( ,*ri/ & disp5s]s ( ! my/]ies ( ,god407#dii7 ,h[ c he be call$ a disp5s] ( ,god's my/]ies ^: labors are conf9$ to prea*+8 ,b he is truly a disp5s] ( ,div9e my/]ies :o di/ributes to ! fai?ful ! ,sacram5ts1 ! my/]i\s symbols & effici5t causes ( grace4 ,z ,/4 ,john ,*ryso/om obs]ves1 x 0 n to angels or ar*angels1 b to ! ,prie/s ( ! ,new ,law t ,*ri/ said3 8,:atsoev] y %all b9d on e>? %all be b\nd also 9 heav52 & :atsoev] y %all loose on e>? %all be loos$ also 9 heav540 ,to !m alone ,he gave ! p[] to =give s9s1 say+3 8,^: s9s y %all =give1 !y are =giv540 ,to !m alone ,he gave ! p[] ( consecrat+ ,8 ,body & ,blood & disp5s+ ! same to ! fai?ful4 ,he has emp[]$ ! ,prie/s ( ! ,new ,law to imp>t ! grace ( reg5]ation 9 ,baptism4 ,he has assign$ to !m ! solemn duty ( prep>+ ! dy+ ,*ri/ian = 8 f9al j\rney to et]nity3 8,is any man sick among y8 ,let him br+ 9 ! prie/s ( ! ,*ur*1 & let !m pray ov] him1 ano9t+ him ) oil1 9 ! "n ( ! ,"l407#ejj7 ,z f> z heav5 is above e>?1 z et]nity is above "t1 & ! s\l is above ! body1 s f> are ! pr]ogatives ve/$ 9 ,god's m9i/]s high] ?an ^? ( any e>?ly pot5tate4 ,an e>?ly pr9ce c ca/ into prison or release !refrom4 ,b 8 p[] is ov] ! body4 ,he _c p5etrate into ! sanctu>y ( ! s\l2 :]eas ! m9i/] ( ,god c release ! s\l f ! prison ( s91 & re/ore x to ! lib]ty ( a *ild ( ,god4 ,to sum up 9 a few brief s5t5ces ! titles ( a ,ca?olic ,prie/3 ,he is a k+1 reign+ n ov] unwill+ subjects1 b ov] ! he>ts & affections ( 8 p4 ,8 spiritual *ildr5 pay him n only ! tribute ( _! money1 b also ! tribute ( _! love :i* royalty c nei!r pur*ase nor exact4 ,he is a %eph]d1 because he leads 8 flock into ! delici\s pa/ures ( ! ,sacram5ts & %elt]s !m f ! wolves t lie 9 wait = _! s\ls4 ,he is a fa!r1 because he breaks ! bread ( life to 8 spiritual *ildr51 :om he has begott5 9 ,*ri/ ,jesus ?r\gh ! ,gospel47#eja7 ,he is a judge1 ^: (fice x is to pass s5t5ce ( p>don on self-accus+ crim9als4 ,he is a physician1 because he heals _! s\ls f ! loa?some di/emp]s ( s94 ,/4 ,john1 9 8 ,apocalypse1 repres5ts ! ,*ur* "u ! figure ( a city4 8,i saw ! holy city1 ! new ,j]usalem1 com+ d[n f heav51 f ,god1 prep>$ z a bride adorn$ = h] husb&407#ejb7 ,our ,savior is ! ,ar*itect & ,f\nd] ( ?is cele/ial city4 ,! ,apo/les are its f\ndation4 ,! fai?ful are ! liv+ /ones ( ! edifice4 ,! ano9t$ m9i/]s ( ! ,"l are ! workm5 *os5 to adju/ & poli% ^! /ones1 t !y may reflect ! beauty & glory ( ! sun ( ju/ice t p]petually illum9es ?is city4 ,! ,prie/s are engag$ 9 adorn+ ! int]ior ( ! heav5ly ,j]usalem by enri*+1 ) virtue1 ! preci\s s\ls entru/$ to _! *>ge4 8,god gave "s1 inde$1 ,apo/les1 & "s ,prophets1 & o!rs ,evangeli/s1 & o!rs ,pa/ors & ,doctors1 = ! p]fect+ ( ! sa9ts1 = ! "w ( ! m9i/ry1 = ! build+ up ( ! body ( ,*ri/107#ejc7 :i* is ,8 ,*ur*4 ,:at an honor is ?is to ! ,prie/ ( ! ,new ,law6 ,surely ,god 8ha? n done alike to e nation1 & ,8 judgm5ts ,he ha? n made manife/ to !m407#ejd7 ,) h[ mu* m =ce may we apply to ! successors ( ! ,apo/les ! words :i* ,god spoke to ! ,prie/s ( ! ,old ,law3 8,he>1 ye sons ( ,levi4 ,is x a small ?+ unto y1 t ! ,god ( ,israel ha? sep>at$ y f all ! p & jo9$ y to ,himself1 t ye %\ld s]ve ,him 9 ! s]vice ( ! tab]nacle1 & %\ld /& be=e ! congregation ( ! p & m9i/] unto ,him80 ,our ,savior affectionately puts ?is "q ?ree times to ,pet]3 8,simon1 love/ ?\ ,me80 ,& ?ree times ,pet] answ]s ,him1 8,"l1 ,?\ kn[e/ t ,i love ,!e40 ,:at pro( ( love1 !n1 does ,jesus exact ( ,pet]8 ,does ,he say3 ,if ?\ love/ ,me1 *a/ise ?y body by fa/+ & /ripes1 prophesy1 "w miracles1 lay d[n ?y life = ,me8 ,no1 b 8fe$ ,my lambs10 8fe$ ,my %eep40 ,?is 0 to be ! close/ bond ( ,pet]'s devotion to 8 ,ma/]1 & ( ! ,ma/]'s affection = ,8 disciple4 ,& our ,"l decl>es t ! rew>d ( ,8 disciples w\ld be comm5surate ) ! dignity ( _! m9i/ry3 8,behold10 says ,pet]1 8we h left all ?+s & h foll[$ ,!e4 ,:at1 !re=e1 %all we h8 ,& ,jesus said to !m1 ,am51 ,i say to y t y :o h foll[$ ,me1 9 ! reg5]ation1 :5 ! ,son ( man %all sit on ! seat ( ,8 maje/y1 y %all also sit on twelve seats1 judg+ ! twelve tribes ( ,israel40 ,& imm$iately aft] ,he adds t ! wor?y successors ( ! ,apo/les %all %>e 9 _! felicity3 8,& e "o t ha? left h\se1 or bre?r51 or si/]s1 or fa!r1 or "m1 or wife1 or *ildr51 or l&s = my "n's sake %all receive a hundr$fold & %all possess life ev]la/+407#eje7 ,i "k t !re are _m 9 our days :o d5y t ,prie/s possess any spiritual p[]--z if ,god c\ld n communicate su* p[] to m54 ,i und]/& :y a!i/s & rationali/s1 :o reject all revelation1 %\ld d5y all sup]natural au?ority to ! m9i/]s ( ,god4 ,b t pr(ess+ ,*ri/ians :o accept ! te/imony ( ,scripture %\ld %>e 9 ?is unbelief passes my compreh5sion4 ,has n ! ,almighty1 9 numb]less in/ances record$ 9 ,holy ,writ1 made man ! in/rum5t ( ,8 p[]8 ,did n ,moses conv]t ! riv]s ( ,egypt into blood8 ,did he n cause wat] to issue f ! b>r5 rock8 ,did n ! prophets pr$ict future ev5ts8 ,did n ! sun /& /ill 9 ! heav5s at ! comm& ( ,josue8 ,did n ,eliseus1 ! prophet1 raise ! dead to life8 ,:y d we believe all ^! prodigies8 ,because ! ,scriptures record !m4 ,does n ! same ,^w ( ,god decl>e t ! ,apo/les receiv$ p[] to conf] ! ,holy ,gho/ by ! imposition ( h&s1 to =give s9s1 to consecrate ! ,body & ,blood ( ,*ri/1 etc4 ,is n ! ,new ,te/am5t z wor?y ( belief z ! ,old8 ,has n ,jesus ,*ri/ solemnly promis$ to be always ) ! m9i/]s ( ,8 ,*ur*1 8ev5 to ! consummation ( ! _w10 /r5g!n+ !m to repeat ^? miracles ( m]cy t 7 wr\ght by ,8 fir/ disciples8 ,c ! ,god ( tru? be unfai?ful to ,8 promises8 ,is ,he n z /rong & m]ciful n[ z ,he 0 9 days ( ! ,prophets & ,apo/les1 & are n we z mu* 9 ne$ ( ! ,holy ,gho/ z ! primitive ,*ri/ians 78 ,if ,god c\ld make feeble m5 ! m9i/]s ( ,8 m]cy !n1 :y n n[8 ,b %\ld a ,prie/ consid] himself great] ?an o!r m5 because he ex]cises su* au?ority8 ,f> f x4 ,he ought to humble himself b5ea? o!rs :5 he reflects to :at weak h&s ,god assigns p[] s trem5d\s4 ,he %\ld rememb] :at our ,savior said to ! sev5ty-two disciples1 :o1 return+ ) joy f _! fir/ mission1 cri$ out to ,him3 8,"l1 ev5 ! devils are subject to u 9 ,?y "n40 ,b ,jesus *eck$ _! va9-glory1 say+3 8,i saw ,satan l lightn+ fall f heav54 ,behold1 ,i h giv5 y p[] 444 b rejoice n 9 ?is1 t spirits are subject to y2 b rejoice 9 ?is1 t y\r names are writt5 9 heav5407#ejf7 ,! ,prie/ does n =get t 8! mo/ sev]e judgm5t %all be = !m t be> rule107#ejg7 & t 8judgm5t %\ld beg9 at ! h\se ( ,god407#ejh7 ,! words ( ! ,apo/le are pres5t to 8 m9d3 8,:at ha/ ?\ t ?\ ha/ n receiv$8 ,& if ?\ ha/ receiv$1 :y do/ ?\ glory z if ?\ had/ n receiv$ x807#eji7 ,z well might ! vessel t is fill$ ) preci\s liquor boa/ ( be+ sup]ior to ! vessel t is fill$ ) wat]4 ,! ,prie/ kn[s full well t ! p[]s he has receiv$ f ,god are giv5 to him n to fe$ 8 own vanity1 b to enri* ! he>ts ( ! fai?ful2 & t1 ?\gh in/rum5tal 9 po9t+ out to o!rs ! way to heav51 he himself1 unless adorn$ ) p]sonal virtues1 w become a reprobate1 l ^? unhappy ,prie/s ( ,j]usalem :o direct$ ! ,magi to ,jesus 9 ,be?lehem1 b did n g ?i!r !mselves4 8,i h plant$10 says ! ,apo/le1 8,apollo wat]$1 b ,god gave ! increase4 ,!re=e1 nei!r he t plante? is any?+1 nor he t wat]e?1 b ,god t give? ! increase407#eaj7 ,we p]=m ! outw>d c]emony2 ,god alone supplies ! grace4 ,! obligations ( ! m9i/] ( ,god are1 !re=e comm5surate ) 8 exalt$ dignity4 ,! ,prie/ is requir$ to be a man ( pr(\nd le>n+ & ( solid piety4 8,! lips ( ! ,prie/ %all keep k1 & !y 7! p7 %all seek ! law at 8 m\?407#eaa7 ,! ,"l d5\nces ! ,prie/s ( ! ,old ,law because !y neglect$ to /udy ! ,sacr$ ,sci5ces3 8,because ?\ ha/ reject$ k1 ,i w reject !e1 t ?\ %alt n d ! (fice ( prie/hood = ,me1 & ?\ ha/ =gott5 ! law ( ?y ,god1 ,i w also =get ?y *ildr5407#eab7 8,to y10 says our ,"l to ,8 ,apo/les1 8x is giv5 to "k ! my/]y ( ! ,k+dom ( ,god1 to ! re/1 9 p>ables40 ,! ,prie/s ( ! ,new ,law1 l ! ,apo/les1 are ! cu/odians ( ! my/]ies ( religion4 ,n[ we "k t ! k ( ,god's ,k+dom is n imp>t$ to u by inspiration or revelation4 ,*ri/ does n p]sonally tea* u z ,he taught ,8 ,apo/les4 ,x is by h>d /udy t ! k ( ,8 law is acquir$ by u4 ,he does n lift u up on ,angels' w+s to ! spiritual ,p>nassus4 ,x is only by ! royal road ( e>ne/ labor t we c atta9 ^? heights :i* w enable u to contemplate ! ,k+dom ( heav5 & describe x to o!rs4 ,z physician ( ! s\l1 he mu/ be conv]sant ) its v>i\s di/emp]s & mu/ "k :at rem$y is to be appli$ 9 ea* p>ticul> case4 ,if society ju/ly holds ! unskilful physician responsible = ! fatal consequ5ces ( 8 malpractice1 surely ,god w call to a /rict acc\nt ! spiritual physician :o1 ?r\gh crim9al ignorance1 prescribes injudici\s rem$ies to ! s\ls ( ! pati5ts committ$ to 8 *>ge4 ,z judge ( s\ls1 he mu/ "k :5 to b9d & :5 to loose1 :5 to def] & :5 to pron\nce s5t5ce ( absolution4 ,if no?+ is s disa/r\s to ! ,republic z an incompet5t judge1 ^: decisions1 ?\gh involv+ life & dea?1 are r5d]$ at hap-haz>d & n 9 accordance ) ! m]its ( ! case1 s no?+ is m detrim5tal to ! ,*ri/ian commonweal? ?an an ignorant prie/hood1 ^: decisions injuri\sly affect ! salvation ( s\ls4 ,! advocate 9 our c\rts ( ju/ice feels b\nd 9 consci5ce & 9 honor to /udy ! case ( 8 cli5t ) ! utmo/ dilig5ce1 & to def5d him be=e ! jury ) all ! eloqu5ce he c ma/]4 ,& yet ! suit may n involve m ?an a brief imprisonm5t or ev5 a limit$ f9e4 ,b ! ,prie/1 l ,moses1 /&s be=e ,god to int]c$e = ,8 p1 & be=e ! p to advocate ! cause ( ,god4 ,he n only asc5ds daily ! alt> to plead = ! p & to cry out ) ! prophet1 8,sp>e1 ,o ,"l1 sp>e ,?y p1 & give n ,?y inh]itance to reproa*20 b e ,sunday he m\nts ! pulpit to v9dicate ! claims :i* ,god has on ,8 subjects4 ,c]ta9ly1 if an attorney is b\nd to /udy 8 cli5t's cause be=e he def5ds x1 no matt] h[ trifl+ ! issue1 h[ mu* m imp]ative is ! obligation ( ! ,prie/ to /udy well 8 case1 :5 he reflects t an immortal s\l is on trial1 & be=e m5 :o are (t5 ! wor/ enemies ( _! own s\l4 ,he has to conv9ce ! p t ! n>r[ road1 :i* _! incl9ations abhor1 is to be foll[$2 & t ! broad road1 :i* _! self-love & _! passions t5d to pursue1 is to be ab&on$4 ,conviction 9 ?is case requires r>e tact z well z eloqu5ce & le>n+4 ,b ! m9i/] ( religion has to def5d ! s\l n only aga9/ ! corruptions ( ! he>t1 b also aga9/ ^? doctr9al errors t are daily spr++ up 9 e direction1 & :i* are plausibly prea*$ by false tea*]s1 :o br+ to _! support ! mo/ speci\s argum5ts1 c\*$ 9 ! mo/ attractive language4 ,to refute ^! errors (t5 requires ! mo/ consummate skill & a pr(\nd k ( hi/ory & ! ,holy ,scripture4 ,x is no wond]1 !n1 t ! ,*ur* insi/s t h] cl]gy be educat$ m54 ,h5ce our ecclesia/ical /ud5ts are usually oblig$ to devote f t5 to f\rte5 ye>s to ! dilig5t /udy ( ! mod]n & anci5t languages1 ( hi/ory & philosophy1 ( ! great sci5ce ( !ology & ,holy ,scripture1 be=e !y are elevat$ to ! sacr$ m9i/ry4 ,x is true1 inde$1 t1 ow+ to ! rapidly-increas+ dem& = cl]gy 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 our ,bi%ops h hi!rto be5 sometimes compell$ to abridge ! c\rse ( /udies ( ! c&idates = ! m9i/ry2 b n[ t ! ,*ur* is m ?or\ghly organiz$1 & t sem9>ies are multipli$ among u1 !y are happily enabl$ to ext5d to _! "y levites ! advantages ( a full t]m ( lit]>y & !ological tra9+4 ,if ! ,prie/ %\ld be em95t = 8 le>n+1 he %\ld be /ill m conspicu\s = 8 virtues1 = he is expect$ to prea* m by example ?an by precept4 ,if 9 ! ,old ,law ,god *>g$ ,8 ,prie/s ) ! admonition3 8,be sanctifi$1 ye t c>ry ! vessels ( ! ,"l107#eac7 h[ mu* m /rictly is hol9ess ( life enjo9$ on ! ,prie/s ( ! ,new ,disp5sation1 :o n only t\* ! sacr$ vessels1 b dr9k f !m ! ,preci\s ,blood ( ! ,"l8 8,pur]10 says ,/4 ,*ryso/om1 8?an any sol> ray %\ld t h& be :i* divides t fle%1 t m\? :i* is fill$ ) spiritual fire1 t tongue :i* is purpl$ ) t mo/ awful blood40 ,9 ord] to fo/] 9 u ! _s ( p]sonal piety1 we are con/antly admoni%$ by ! ,*ur* to be m5 ( pray]4 ,! ,prie/ %\ld be l ^? angels :om ,jacob saw 9 a vision1 asc5d+ to heav5 & desc5d+ !refrom on ! my/ical ladd]4 ,he is expect$ to asc5d by pray] & to desc5d by prea*+4 ,he asc5ds to heav5 to receive light f ,god2 he desc5ds to communicate t light to 8 he>]s4 ,he asc5ds to draw at ! ,f\nta9 ( ,div9e grace1 he desc5ds to diffuse ^? liv+ wat]s among ! fai?ful1 t _! he>ts may be refre%$4 ,he asc5ds to light 8 tor* at ! ev]-burn+ furnace ( ,div9e love2 he desc5ds to communicate ! flame to ! s\ls ( 8 p4 ,! ,*ur*1 inde$1 consid]s pray] s indisp5sable to h] cl]gy t1 besides ! volunt>y ex]cises ( piety :i* _! private devotion may sugge/1 %e requires !m to devote at lea/ an h\r ea* day to ! recitation ( ! ,div9e ,(fice1 :i* *iefly consi/s ( ! ,psalms & o!r portions ( ,holy ,scripture1 ! ,homilies ( ! e>ly ,fa!rs & pray]s ( m>vel\s =ce & unction4 ,*apt] ,,xxx4 ,,celibacy ,,( ,,! ,,cl]gy4 ,! ,*ur* requires h] ,prie/s to be pure 9 body z well z 9 s\l1 & to 8pres5t _! bodies a liv+ victim1 holy1 well-pleas+ unto ,god407#ead7 ,our ,savior & ,8 ,apo/les1 ?\gh recogniz+ matrimony z a holy /ate1 h proclaim$ ! sup]ior m]its ( volunt>y cont95cy1 p>ticul>ly = ^? :o consecrate _! lives to ! sacr$ m9i/ry4 8,!re are eunu*s :o h made !mselves su* = ! ,k+dom ( ,heav5's sake4 ,he :o c take x1 let him take x407#eae7 ,our ,"l evid5tly recomm5ds "h ! /ate ( celibacy to su* z feel !mselves call$ to embrace x1 9 ord] to atta9 great] p]fection4 ,/4 ,paul gives ! reason :y our ,savior decl>es cont95cy to be a m suitable /ate = ,8 m9i/]s ?an t ( matrimony3 8,he :o is unm>ri$ c>e? = ! ?+s ( ! ,"l--h[ he may please ,god4 ,b he :o is m>ri$ is solicit\s ab\t ! ?+s ( ! _w--h[ he may please 8 wife--& he is divid$407#eaf7 ,jesus ,*ri/ manife/ly %[$ ,8 pr$ilection = virg9ity1 n only by always rema9+ a virg91 b by select+ a ,virg9-,"m & a virg9-precursor 9 ! p]son ( ,/4 ,john ! ,bapti/1 & by exhibit+ a special effection = ,john ! ,evangeli/1 because1 z ,/4 ,augu/9e te/ifies1 t ,apo/le 0 *os5 a virg9 & su* he always rema9$4 ,n only did our ,"l ?us manife/ :ile on e>? a m>k$ pr$ilection = virg9s1 b ,he exhibits ! same pref]5ce = !m 9 heav52 = ! hundr$ & =ty-f\r ?\s& :o are *os5 to s+ ! ,new ,canticle & :o foll[ ! ,lamb :i!rsoev] ,he goe? are all virg9s1 z ,/4 ,john te/ifies4 7,apoc4 xiv47 ,! ,apo/le ( ! ,g5tiles assures u t he l$ a s+le life1 & he comm5ds t /ate to o!rs3 8,i say to ! unm>ri$1 & to ! wid[s x is good = !m if !y s cont9ue1 ev5 z ,i407#eag7 ,!re is no evid5ce f ,scripture t any ( ! ,apo/les 7 m>ri$ except ,/4 ,pet]4 ,/4 ,j]ome says t if any 7 m>ri$ !y c]ta9ly sep>at$ f _! wives aft] !y 7 call$ to ! ,apo/olate4 ,ev5 ,/4 ,pet]1 aft] 8 vocation1 did n cont9ue ) 8 wife1 z may be inf]r$ f 8 own words3 8,behold1 we h left all ?+s1 & foll[$ ,!e407#eah7 ,among 8all ?+s0 mu/ be reckon$ ! fell[%ip ( 8 wife1 = he c\ld h>dly say ) tru? t he _h left all ?+s if he _h n left 8 wife4 ,our ,savior imm$iately aft] enum]ates ! wife among ^? *]i%$ objects1 ! r5unciation ( :i*1 = ,8 sake1 w h its rew>d47#eai7 ,/4 ,paul decl>es t 8a ,bi%op mu/ be sob]1 j1 holy1 cont95t407#ebj7 ,& writ+ to ,timo?y1 :om he _h consecrat$ ,bi%op1 he says3 8,be ?\ an example to ! fai?ful 444 9 *>ity1 9 fai?1 9 *a/ity407#eba7 ,9 ano!r place1 he enum]ates *a/ity among ! virtues t %\ld adorn ! ,*ri/ian m9i/]3 8,9 all ?+s let u exhibit ourselves z ! m9i/]s ( ,god 9 mu* pati5ce1 444 9 *a/ity407#ebb7 ,al?\gh celibacy is n expressly en=c$ by our ,savior1 x is1 h[ev]1 comm5d$ s /rongly by ,himself & ,8 ,apo/les1 bo? by ^w & example1 t ! ,*ur* felt x h] duty to lay x d[n z a law4 ,! discipl9e ( ! ,*ur* has be5 ex]t$ f ! beg9n+ 9 prohibit+ ,prie/s to m>ry aft] _! ord9ation4 ,/4 ,j]ome obs]ves t 8,bi%ops1 ,prie/s & ,deacons are *os5 f virg9s or wid[]s1 or1 at lea/1 !y rema9 p]petually *a/e aft] be+ elevat$ to ! prie/hood407#ebc7 ,to ,jov9ian he writes3 8,y c]ta9ly admit t he _c rema9 a ,bi%op :o begets *ildr5 9 ! episcopacy2 =1 if convict$1 he w n be e/eem$ z a husb&1 b condemn$ z an adult]]407#ebd7 ,aga9 he says3 8,:at w ! *ur*es ( ! ,ea/1 ( ,egypt & ( ! ,apo/olic ,see d1 :i* adopt _! cl]gy f among virg9s1 or if !y h wives1 !y cease to live z m>ri$ m5407#ebe7 ,/4 ,epiphanius decl>es t 8he :o leads a m>ri$ life is n admitt$ by ! ,*ur* to ! ord] ( ,deacon1 ,prie/1 ,bi%op or sub-,deacon407#ebf7 ,9 ! primitive days ( ! ,*ur*1 ow+ to ! sc>city ( vocations among ! unm>ri$1 m>ri$ m5 7 admitt$ to sacr$ ord]s1 b !y 7 enjo9$1 z we le>n f v>i\s canons1 to live sep>at$ f _! wives aft] _! ord9ation4 ,?is discipl9e1 x is true1 0 relax$ to "s ext5t 9 favor ( a portion ( ! cl]gy ( ! ,ori5tal ,*ur*1 :o 7 p]mitt$ to live ) _! wives if !y happ5$ to esp\se !m be=e ord9ation2 b1 l ! ,prie/s ( ! ,we/]n ,*ur*1 ! ,ea/]n cl]gy 7 =bidd5 to contract m>riage aft] _! ord9ation4 ,x is important also to obs]ve t ! unm>ri$ cl]gy ( ! ,ea/ are held 9 mu* high] e/eem by ! p ?an ! m>ri$ ,prie/s4 ,x _c1 inde$1 be d5i$ t at c]ta9 epo*s ( ! ,*ur*'s hi/ory1 especially 9 p]iods ( disord]$ society1 !re 7 too _m in/ances ( ! violation ( cl]ical celibacy4 ,b ! repeat$ violations ( a law are no evid5ce ( its non-exi/5ce4 ,:5ev] ! voice ( ! ,*ur* c\ld be he>d x always spoke 9 v9dication ( ! law ( prie/ly *a/ity4 ,let me n[ call y\r att5tion to ! propriety & advantages ( cl]ical celibacy4 ,fir/--,! ,prie/ is ! repres5tative ( ,jesus ,*ri/4 ,he cont9ues ! "w begun by 8 ,div9e ,ma/]4 ,x is 8 duty to prea* ! ^w1 to adm9i/] ! ,sacram5ts1 &1 above all1 to consecrate ! ,body & ,blood ( ,*ri/ & to di/ribute ! same to ! fai?ful4 ,is x n becom+ t a *a/e ,"l %\ld be s]v$ by *a/e m9i/]s8 ,if ! ,jewi% ,prie/s1 :ile engag$ 9 _! turn 9 (f]+ ! sacrifice ( animals 9 ! ,temple1 7 oblig$ to keep ap>t f _! wives1 %\ld n ! ,prie/s ( ! ,new ,law1 :o (f] daily ! sacrifice ( ! ,immaculate ,lamb1 practise cont9ual *a/ity8 ,if ,david & 8 fri5ds 7 n p]mitt$ to eat ! bread ( ,proposition till he _h av[$ t = ! ?ree prec$+ days !y _h refra9$ f wom517#ebg7 h[ pure 9 body & s\l %\ld be ! ,prie/ :o daily p>takes ( t liv+ ,bread ( :i* ! bread ( ,proposition 0 b ! type2 & if ! p at ,m\nt ,s9ai 7 =bidd5 to come ne> _! wives = ?ree days be=e receiv+ ! ,law17#ebh7 %\ld n !y ^: (fice x is to prea* ! ,law at all times ab/a9 altoge!r8 ,?orndyke1 an em95t ,prote/ant ,div9e1 9 8 "w entitl$1 ,j ,weights & ,measures1 makes ! foll[+ obs]vation3 8,! reason = s+le life = ! cl]gy is firmly gr\nd$1 by ! ,fa!rs & canons ( ! ,*ur*1 ^u ! precept ( ,/4 ,paul1 =bidd+ man & wife to dep>t unless = a "t1 to att5d unto pray] 7,i4 ,cor4 vii4 #e74 ,=1 ,prie/s & ,deacons be+ cont9ually to att5d ^u occasions ( celebrat+ ! ,eu*>i/1 :i* ought cont9ually to be frequ5t$2 if o!rs be to ab/a9 f ! use ( m>riage = a "t1 !n !y always407#ebi7 ,second--,writ]s frequ5tly discuss ! secret cause ( ! m>vel\s success :i* m>ks ! gr[? ( ! ,ca?olic ,*ur* ev]y:]e 9 spite ( ! mo/ =midable opposition4 ,"s ascribe ?is progress to h] ?or\gh organization2 o!rs to ! f>-see+ wisdom ( h] *ief pa/ors4 ,)\t und]valu+ ^! & o!r auxili>ies1 ,i incl9e to ! belief t1 "u ,god1 ! ,*ur* has no t[] ( /r5g? m pot5t ?an ! celibacy ( h] cl]gy4 ,! unm>ri$ ,prie/1 z ,/4 ,paul obs]ves 7#a ,cor4 vii471 is free to give 8 :ole "t undivid$ to ! ,"l1 & c devote 8 att5tion n to "o or two *ildr51 b to ! entire flock :om he has begott5 9 ,*ri/ ,jesus1 ?r\gh ! ,gospel2 :ile ! m>ri$ m9i/] is divid$ betwe5 ! c>es ( 8 family & 8 duties to ! congregation4 8,a s+le life10 says ,bacon1 8do? well ) *ur*m52 =1 *>ity w h>dly wat] ! gr\nd :]e x mu/ fir/ fill a pool407#ecj7 ,?ird--,! _w has hi!rto be5 conv]t$ by unm>ri$ cl]gym51 & only by !m w x cont9ue to be conv]t$4 ,/4 ,francis ,xavi] & ,/4 ,francis de ,sales c\ld n h plant$ ! fai? 9 s _m ?\s&s ( s\ls if !y 7 accompani$ on _! j\rneys by _! wives & *ildr54 ,( all ! gems t adorn ! prie/ly diadem1 none is s preci\s & indisp5sable 9 ! eyes ( ! p z ! pe]less jewel ( *a/ity4 ,)\t ?is pe>l ! voice ( a ,hyac9! 8becomes z s\nd+ brass & a t9kl+ cymbal20 ) x1 ! humble/ mission] ga9s ! he>ts ( multitudes4 ,ev]ybody is aw>e ( ! num]\s conv]sions to ,*ri/ianity effect$ by ,/4 ,francis ,xavi] 9 ,japan 9 ! sixte5? c5tury4 ,aft] ! lapse ( _m ye>s f ! dea? ( ,/4 ,francis1 :5 a ,fr5* squadron 0 p]mitt$ to ent] ! ,japanese ports1 a native ,*ri/ian1 nam$ ,pet]1 hav+ le>n$ t ,fr5* ,prie/s 7 on bo>d1 put _! fai? to ! te/ by propos+ to !m ^! ?ree que/ions3 8,are y foll[]s ( ! great ,fa!r 9 ,rome8 ,d y honor ,m>y1 ! ,bless$ ,virg98 ,h y wives80 ,! ,fr5* prie/s hav+ satisfi$ _! int]rogator on ^! po9ts1 & especially on ! la/1 ,pet] & 8 companions fell at ! mission]s' feet1 exclaim+ ) delight 8,?anks1 ?anks6 !y are virg9s & true disciples ( our ,apo/le ,francis407#eca7 ,a contempor>y writ] has wittily rem>k$ t 8p]haps ! mo/ ard5t admir] ( hym5eal rites w\ld *e]fully admit t he c\ld n conceive ,/4 ,paul or ,/4 ,john />t+ on a nuptial t\r1 accompani$ by ! late/ fa%ions f ,a!ns or ,ephesus1 & ! graceful brides :om !y 7 de/9$ to adorn4 ,!y w\ld feel t ,*ri/ianity itself c\ld n survive su* a vision z t4 ,nor c\ld ! imag9ation1 9 its wilde/ moods1 picture ! maje/ic adv]s>y ( ! ,arian ,emp]or att5d$ 9 8 flight up ! ,nile by ,mi/ress ,a?anasius1 nor ,/4 ,john ,*ryso/om escort$ 9 8 w&]+s ?r\gh ,phrygia by ! wife ( 8 bosom array$ 9 a wrea? ( orange-blossoms4 ,w\ld ,e!lb]t h become a ,*ri/ian if ,/4 ,augu/9e _h introduc$ to him 8 lady & h] bridesmaids807#ecb7 ,we frequ5tly he> ( unm>ri$ ,bi%ops & ,prie/s lay+ d[n _! lives = ! fai? 9 ,*9a & ,corea & imprison$ 9 ,g]many4 ,h]oic sacrifices su* z ^! are1 h[ev]1 too mu* to be expect$ f m5 enjoy+ ! dome/ic luxury & engross$ by ! responsibility ( a wife & *ildr54 ,b does n ,/4 ,paul au?orize ! m>riage ( ! cl]gy :5 he says3 8,h we n p[] to c>ry ab\t a woman1 a si/]1 z well z ! re/ ( ! ,apo/les807#ecc7 ,! ,prote/ant text mis-translates ?is passage by sub/itut+ ! ^w wife = woman4 ,x is evid5t t ,/4 ,paul does n speak "h ( 8 wife1 s9ce he _h none2 b he alludes to ^? pi\s wom5 :o volunt>ily wait$ on ! ,apo/les1 & m9i/]$ to !m 9 _! mission>y j\rneys4 ,x is also object$ t ! ,apo/le seems to require t a ,bi%op be 8! husb& ( "o wife407#ecd7 ,! context c]ta9ly _c mean t a ,bi%op mu/ be a m>ri$ man1 = ! reason already giv51 t ,/4 ,paul himself 0 nev] m>ri$4 ,! s5se ( ! text1 z all tradition te/ifies1 is t no c&idate %\ld be elect$ to ! (fice ( ,bi%op :o _h be5 m>ri$ m ?an once4 ,x 0 n possible 9 ^? days always to select s+le m5 = ! ,episcopal (fice4 ,h5ce ! ,*ur* 0 (t5 compell$ to *oose m>ri$ p]sons1 b always ) ?is re/riction1 t !y _h nev] contract$ nuptials a second "t4 ,!y 7 oblig$1 moreov]1 if n wid[]s1 to live sep>at$ f _! wives4 ,o!rs adduce aga9/ cl]ical celibacy ^! words ( ,/4 ,paul3 8,9 ! la/ times "s %all dep>t f ! fai?1 giv+ he$ to spirits ( error1 444 =bidd+ to m>ry407#ece7 ,?is passage1 h[ev]1 alludes to ! ,ebionites1 ,gno/ics & ,mani*eans1 :o positively taught t m>riage is s9ful4 ,! ,ca?olic ,*ur*1 on ! contr>y1 holds t matrimony is n only a lawful /ate1 = ^? :o are call$ to embrace x1 b t x is also a ,sacram5t1 & t ! highe/ degree ( hol9ess is atta9able 9 conjugal life4 ,"s g s f> z to decl>e cont95cy impracticable4 ,our diss5t+ bre?r5 9 ! m9i/ry are s uxori\sly incl9$ t1 p]haps1 = ?is reason !y dispute ! possibility1 z well z ! privilege1 ( ,prie/s to rema9 s+le4 ,b 9 mak+ ?is ass]tion !y impugn ! wisdom ( ,jesus ,*ri/ & ,8 ,apo/le1 :o liv$ 9 ?is /ate & recomm5d$ x to o!rs2 !y sl&] consecrat$ ,prie/s & nuns1 & !y unwitt+ly "q ! purity ( _! own unm>ri$ si/]s1 daught]s & sons4 ,h[ _m m5 & wom5 are !re 9 ! _w :o sp5d ye>s1 nay1 _! :ole lives1 9 ! s+le /ate8 ,& :o %all d>e to accuse su* a multitude ( incont95cy8 ,nor %\ld any "o compla9 ( ! sev]ity ( ! law ( cl]ical celibacy1 s9ce ! c&idate volunt>ily accepts ! obligations aft] mature consid]ation4 ,f9ally1 x _c be urg$ aga9/ celibacy t x violates ! ,div9e precept to 8increase & multiply20 = ?is comm& surely _c require all m>riageable p]sons to be unit$ 9 w$lock4 ,o!rwise1 ba*elors & sp9/]s w\ld also be guilty ( violat+ ! law4 ,! numb] ( m5 & wom5 consecrat$ to ,god by v[s ( *a/ity =ms b an imp]ceptible fraction ( ! human family1 _! proportion 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 = in/ance1 be+ only "o individual to ab\t e f\r ?\s&4 ,moreov]1 x is an incontrov]tible fact t ! population increases mo/ 9 ^? c\ntries 9 :i* ! ,ca?olic cl]gy ex]cise ! /ronge/ influ5ce2 = !re m>ri$ p are impress$ ) ! idea t m>riage 0 in/itut$ n = ! gratification ( ! fle%1 b = ! procreation & ,*ri/ian education ( *ildr54 ,*apt] ,,xxxi4 ,,matrimony4 ,matrimony is n only a natural contract betwe5 husb& & wife1 b x has be5 elevat$ = ,*ri/ians1 by ,jesus ,*ri/1 to ! dignity ( a ,sacram5t3 8,husb&s10 says ! ,apo/le1 8love y\r wives1 z ,*ri/ also lov$ ! ,*ur* & deliv]$ ,himself up = x1 444 s also ought m5 to love _! wives z _! own bodies4444 ,= ?is cause %all a man leave 8 fa!r & "m1 & %all adh]e to 8 wife & !y %all be "o fle%4 ,?is is a great sacram5t3 b ,i speak 9 ,*ri/ & 9 ! ,*ur*407#ecf7 ,9 ^! words ! ,apo/le decl>es t ! union ( ,*ri/ ) ,8 ,*ur* is ! type or model ( ! bond subsi/+ betwe5 man & wife4 ,n[ ! union betwe5 ,*ri/ & ,8 ,*ur* is sup]natural & seal$ by ,div9e grace4 ,h5ce1 also1 is ! fell[%ip ( a ,*ri/ian husb& & wife cem5t$ by ! grace ( ,god4 ,! w$d$ c\ple are b\nd to love "o ano!r dur+ _! :ole lives1 z ,*ri/ has lov$ ,8 ,*ur*1 & to dis*>ge ! virtues prop] to ! m>ri$ /ate4 ,9 ord] to fulfil ^! duties special graces ( our ,savior are requir$4 ,! ,fa!rs1 ,c\ncils & ,liturgies ( ! ,we/]n & ! ,ori5tal ,*ur*es1 includ+ ! ,coptic1 ,jacobite1 ,syriac1 ,ne/orian & o!r s*ismatic bodies1 :i* = upw>ds ( f\rte5 c5turies h be5 sep>at$ f ! ,ca?olic communion1 all agree 9 recogniz+ ,*ri/ian m>riage z a ,sacram5t4 ,h5ce ! ,c\ncil ( ,tr5t1 speak+ ( ,matrimony1 says3 8,*ri/ ,himself1 ! ,in/itutor & ,p]fector ( ! v5]able sacram5ts1 m]it$ = u by ,8 passion ! grace :i* might p]fect t natural love1 & confirm t indissoluble union1 & sanctify ! m>ri$2 z ! ,apo/le ,paul intimates1 say+3 #8,husb&s1 love y\r wives1 z ,*ri/ also lov$ ! ,*ur*1 & deliv]$ ,himself = x2' add+ %ortly aft]3 #8,?is is a great sacram5t1 b ,i speak 9 ,*ri/ & 9 ! ,*ur*4' 7,ephes4 v47 ,:]eas1 !re=e matrimony1 9 ! evangelical law1 excels 9 grace1 ?r\gh ,*ri/1 ! anci5t m>riages2 ) reason h our holy ,fa!rs & ,c\ncils & ! tradition ( ! univ]sal ,*ur* always taught t x is to be numb]$ among ! sacram5ts ( ! new law407#ecg7 ,! ,gospel =bids a man to h m ?an "o wife1 & a wife to h m ?an "o husb&4 8,h y n read10 says our ,savior1 8t ,he :o made man 9 ! beg9n+ made !m male & female8 ,& ,he said1 = ?is cause %all a man leave fa!r & "m1 & %all cleave unto 8 wife1 & !y two %all be 9 "o fle%4 ,:]e=e !y are no m two1 b "o fle%407#ech7 ,our ,"l recalls m>riage to its primitive in/itution z x 0 orda9$ by ,almighty ,god4 7,g54 ii47 ,n[1 m>riage 9 its primitive ord9ance 0 ! union ( "o man ) "o woman1 = ,jehovah creat$ b "o helpmate to ,adam4 ,he w\ld h creat$ m1 if ,8 design _h be5 to e/abli% polygamy4 ,! ,scripture says t 8man %all adh]e to 8 wife10--n 8 wives4 ,x does n decl>e t !y %all be ?ree or m1 b t 8!y %all be two 9 "o fle%40 ,h5ce ,mormonism1 unhappily s preval5t 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 is at v>iance ) ! pla9 tea*+s ( ! ,gospel1 & is consequ5tly condemn$ by ! ,ca?olic ,*ur*4 ,polygamy1 :]ev] x exi/s1 _c fail to be a p]petual s\rce ( family discord & feuds4 ,x fo/]s deadly jeal\sy & hate among ! wives ( ! same h\sehold2 x d]anges ! laws ( succession & primog5iture & bre$s rivalry among ! *ildr51 ea* endeavor+ to supplant ! o!r 9 ! affections & ! inh]itance ( _! common fa!r4 ,m>riage is ! mo/ inviolable & irrevocable ( all contracts t 7 ev] =m$4 ,e human compact may be lawfully dissolv$ b ?is4 ,nations may be ju/ifi$ 9 abrogat+ treaties ) ea* o!r2 m]*ants may dissolve p>tn]%ips2 bro!rs w ev5tually leave ! pat]nal ro(1 &1 l ,jacob & ,esau1 sep>ate f "o ano!r4 ,fri5ds1 l ,abraham & ,lot1 may be oblig$ to "p company4 ,b by ! law ( ,god ! bond unit+ husb& & wife c be dissolv$ only by dea?4 ,no e>?ly sword c sev] ! nuptial knot :i* ! ,"l has ti$2 =1 8:at ,god ha? jo9$ toge!r1 let no man put asund]40 ,x is wor?y ( rem>k t ?ree ( ! ,evangeli/s1 z well z ! ,apo/le ( ! ,g5tiles1 proclaim ! indissolubility ( m>riage & =bid a w$d$ p]son to engage 9 second w$lock dur+ ! life ( 8 sp\se4 ,!re is1 inde$1 sc>cely a moral precept m /rongly en=c$ 9 ! ,gospel ?an ! indissoluble "* ( m>riage validly contract$4 8,! ,ph>isees came to ,jesus1 tempt+ ,him & say+3 ,is x lawful = a man to put away 8 wife = e cause8 ,:o1 answ]+1 said to !m3 ,h ye n read t ,he :o made man f ! beg9n+ made !m male & female8 ,& ,he said3 ,= ?is cause %all a man leave fa!r & "m1 & %all cleave to 8 wife1 & !y two %all be "o fle%4 ,!re=e n[ !y are n two1 b "o fle%4 ,:at1 !re=e1 ,god ha? jo9$ toge!r let no man put asund]4 ,!y say to ,him3 ,:y1 !n1 did ,moses comm& to give a bill ( divorce & to put away8 ,he said to !m3 ,because ,moses1 by reason ( ! h>dness ( y\r he>t1 p]mitt$ y to put away y\r wives2 b f ! beg9n+ x 0 n s4 ,& ,i say to y1 t :osoev] %all put away 8 wife1 except x be = =nication1 & %all m>ry ano!r committe? adult]y3 & he t %all m>ry h] t is put away committe? adult]y407#eci7 ,our ,savior "h emphatically decl>es t ! nuptial bond is ratifi$ by ,god ,himself1 & h5ce t no man1 nor any legislation fram$ by m51 c validly dissolve ! contract4 ,to ! ,ph>isees int]pos+ ?is objection1 if m>riage is n to be dissolv$1 :y !n did ,moses comm& to give a divorce1 our ,"l replies t ,moses did n comm&1 b simply p]mitt$ ! sep>ation1 & t 9 tol]at+ ?is indulg5ce ! great lawgiv] _h reg>d to ! viol5t passion ( ! ,jewi% p1 :o w\ld fall into a great] excess if _! desire to be divorc$ & to =m a new alliance 7 refus$4 ,b our ,savior rem9d$ !m t 9 ! primitive times no su* lic5se 0 grant$4 ,he !n pla9ly affirms t su* a privilege w\ld n be conc$$ 9 ! ,new ,disp5sation1 = ,he adds3 8,i say to y3 :osoev] %all put away 8 wife & %all m>ry ano!r committe? adult]y40 ,prote/ant comm5tators errone\sly ass]t t ! text ju/ifies an injur$ husb& 9 sep>at+ f 8 adult]\s wife & 9 m>ry+ aga94 ,b ! ,ca?olic ,*ur* expla9s ! ,gospel 9 ! s5se t1 :ile ! (f5d$ consort may obta9 a divorce f b$ & bo>d f 8 unfai?ful wife1 he is n all[$ a divorce a v9culo matrimonii1 s z to h ! privilege ( m>ry+ ano!r4 ,?is int]pretation is confirm$ by ! concurr5t te/imony ( ! ,evangeli/s ,m>k & ,luke & by ,/4 ,paul1 all ( :om prohibit divorce a v9culo )\t any qualification :atev]4 ,9 ,/4 ,m>k we read3 8,:osoev] %all put away 8 wife & m>ry ano!r committe? adult]y aga9/ h]4 ,& if ! wife %all put away h] husb& & be m>ri$ to ano!r %e committe? adult]y407#edj7 ,! same unqualifi$ decl>ation is made by ,/4 ,luke3 8,e "o t putte? away 8 wife & m>rie? ano!r committe? adult]y2 & he t m>rie? h] t is put away f h] husb& committe? adult]y407#eda7 ,bo? ( ^! ,evangeli/s =bid ei!r husb& or wife to ent] into second w$lock1 h[ aggravat+ soev] may be ! cause ( _! sep>ation4 ,& surely1 if ! case ( adult]y au?oriz$ ! aggriev$ husb& to m>ry ano!r wife1 ^? inspir$ p5m5 w\ld n h fail$ to m5tion t qualify+ circum/ance4 ,pass+ f ! ,gospels to ! ,epi/le ( ,/4 ,paul to ! ,cor9?ians1 we f9d !re also an absolute prohibition ( divorce4 ,! ,apo/le is writ+ to a city newly conv]t$ to ! ,*ri/ian religion4 ,among o!r topics he inculcates ! doctr9e ( ! ,*ur* respect+ ,matrimony4 ,we mu/ suppose t z an inspir$ writ] & a fai?ful m9i/] ( ! ,^w he dis*>ges 8 duty consci5ti\sly1 )\t suppress+ or ext5uat+ "o iota ( ! law4 ,he addresses ! ,cor9?ians z foll[s3 8,to !m t are m>ri$ n ,i1 b ! ,"l1 comm&e? t ! wife dep>t n f h] husb&4 ,& if %e dep>t t %e rema9 unm>ri$1 or be reconcil$ to h] husb&4 ,& let n ! husb& put away 8 wife407#edb7 ,"h we f9d ! ,apo/le1 9 8 ,ma/]'s "n1 comm&+ ! sep>at$ c\ple to rema9 unm>ri$1 )\t any ref]5ce to ! case ( adult]y4 ,if s important an exception exi/$1 ,/4 ,paul w\ld n h omitt$ to m5tion x2 o!rwise he w\ld h r5d]$ ! ,gospel yoke m griev\s ?an its ,f\nd] int5d$4 ,we mu/1 !re=e1 admit t1 accord+ to ! religion ( ,jesus ,*ri/1 conjugal infidelity does n w>rant ei!r p>ty to m>ry aga91 or we are =c$ to ! conclusion t ! va/ numb] ( ,*ri/ians ^: k ( ,*ri/ianity 0 d]iv$ solely f ! tea*+s ( ,sa9ts ,m>k1 ,luke & ,paul 7 imp]fectly in/ruct$ 9 _! fai?4 ,nor c we suppose t ,/4 ,mat!w gave to ! m>ri$ ,*ri/ians ( ,pale/9e a privilege :i* ,/4 ,paul )held f ! ,cor9?ians2 = !n ! e>ly ,*ri/ian ,*ur* might h witness$ ! dis$ify+ spectacle ( aggriev$ husb&s seek+ 9 ,judea = a divorce f _! adult]\s wives :i* !y c\ld n obta9 9 ,cor9?1 j z discont5t$ sp\ses1 9 our times1 sue 9 a neighbor+ ,/ate = a legal sep>ation :i* is d5i$ !m 9 _! own4 ,*ri/ is n divid$1 nor d ! ,apo/les contradict "o ano!r4 ,! ,ca?olic ,*ur*1 foll[+ ! light ( ! ,gospel1 =bids a divorc$ man to ent] into second esp\sals dur+ ! life ( 8 =m] p>tn]4 ,?is is ! inflexible law %e fir/ proclaim$ 9 ! face ( ,pagan ,emp]ors & p & :i* %e has ev] upheld1 9 spite ( ! passions & voluptu\sness ( h] own rebelli\s *ildr54 ,h5ry ,,viii41 once an ob$i5t son & def5d] ( ! ,*ur*1 conceiv$ 9 an evil h\r1 a crim9al atta*m5t = ,anne ,boleyn1 a lady ( ! que5's h\sehold1 :om he desir$ to m>ry aft] be+ divorc$ f 8 lawful consort1 ,ca!r9e ( ,arragon4 ,b ,pope ,clem5t ,,vii41 ^: sanction he solicit$1 /]nly refus$ to ratify ! sep>ation1 ?\gh ! ,pontiff c\ld h easily =se5 t 8 det]m9$ action w\ld involve ! ,*ur* 9 p]secution1 & a :ole nation 9 ! unhappy s*ism ( its rul]4 ,_h ! ,pope acquiesc$ 9 ! repudiation ( ,ca!r9e1 & 9 ! m>riage ( ,anne ,boleyn1 ,engl& w\ld1 inde$1 h be5 sp>$ to ! ,*ur*1 b ! ,*ur* h]self w\ld h surr5d]$ h] pe]less title ( ,mi/ress ( ,tru?4 ,:5 ,napoleon ,i4 repudiat$ 8 devot$ wife1 ,joseph9e1 & m>ri$ ,m>ie ,l\ise1 ( ,au/ria1 s well assur$ 0 he ( ! fruitlessness ( 8 attempt to obta9 f ! ,holy ,see ! sanction ( 8 divorce & subsequ5t m>riage t he did n ev5 consult ! ,holy ,fa!r on ! subject4 ,a few ye>s previ\sly ,napoleon appeal$ to ,pius ,,vii4 to annul ! m>riage :i* 8 bro!r ,j]ome _h contract$ ) ,miss ,patt]son ( ,baltimore4 ,! ,pope s5t ! foll[+ reply to ! ,emp]or3 8,y\r maje/y w und]/& t ^u ! in=mation ?us f> receiv$ by u x is n 9 our p[] to pron\nce a s5t5ce ( nullity4 ,we _c utt] a judgm5t 9 opposition to ! rules ( ! ,*ur*1 & we c\ld n1 )\t lay+ aside ^? rules1 decree ! invalidity ( a union :i*1 accord+ to ! ,^w ( ,god1 no human p[] c sund]40 ,*ri/ian wives & mo!rs1 :at gratitude y owe to ! ,ca?olic ,*ur* = ! honorable position y n[ hold 9 society6 ,if y are no long] reg>d$ z ! slave1 b ! equal ( y\r husb&2 if y are no long] ! toy ( 8 caprice & liable to be disc>d$ at any mom5t1 l ! wom5 ( ,turkey & ! ,mormon wives ( ,utah2 b if y are recogniz$ z ! mi/ress & que5 ( y\r h\sehold1 y owe y\r emancipation to ! ,*ur*4 ,y are especially indebt$ = y\r lib]ty to ! ,popes :o rose up 9 all ! maje/y ( _! spiritual p[] to v9dicate ! rights ( injur$ wives aga9/ ! lu/ful tyranny ( _! husb&s4 ,h[ opposite is ! conduct ( ! fa!rs ( ! s-call$ ,re=mation1 :o1 ) ! cry ( religi\s re=m on _! lips1 de=m$ religion & society by sanction+ divorce4 ,h5ry ,,viii4 0 divorc$ f 8 wife1 ,ca!r9e1 by ,cranm]1 ! fir/ ,re=m$ ,primate ( ,engl&4 ,lu!r & 8 colleagues1 ,melan*?on & ,buc]1 p]mitt$ ,philip1 ,l&grave ( ,hesse1 to h two wives at ! same "t47#edc7 ,k>l/adt1 ano!r ,g]man ,re=m]1 ju/ifi$ polygamy47#edd7 ,mod]n ,prussia is n[ reap+ ! bitt] fruits ( ! se$s t 7 !n s[n )9 its bord]s4 ,sev5ty-five p] c5t4 ( ! m>riages n[ contract$ outside ( ! ,ca?olic ,*ur* 9 ,b]l9 are p]=m$ )\t any religi\s c]emony :atev]4 ,a union n b\nd by ! /rong ties ( religion is easily dissolv$4 ,?is subject excites a pa9ful int]e/ 9 our own c\ntry1 9 consequ5ce ( ! facility ) :i* divorce f ! m>riage bond is obta9$ 9 _m ( our ,/ates4 ,we h "h ano!r exemplification ( ! dang]\s consequ5ces att5d+ a private int]pretation ( ! sacr$ text4 ,:5 ,lu!r & ,calv9 proclaim$ to ! _w t 8x 0 n wise to prohibit ! divorc$ adult]] f m>ry+ aga9107#ede7 !y little dream$ ( ! fruitful prog5y :i* 0 de/9$ be=e long to spr+ f ?is isolat$ mon/] ( _! creation4 ,!re are already ab\t ?irty causes :i* all[ ! conjugal tie to be brok51 "s ( :i* are ( s trifl+ a nature z to provoke m]rim5t 7 x n = ! gravity ( ! subject1 :i* is well calculat$ to excite al>m = ! moral & social welf>e ( our c\ntry4 ,p]sons are divorc$ by ! c\rts n only = infidelity1 b also )\t ev5 ! %ad[ ( ,scripture au?ority--= alleg$ cruelty1 intemp]ance1 des]tion1 prolong$ abs5ce1 m5tal incapacity1 s5t5ce to ! p5it5ti>y1 incompatibility ( temp] & su* o!r causes z ! c\rt1 9 its discretion1 may deem suffici5t4 ,= ! ye> end+ ,june1 #ahgd1 sev5te5 hundr$ & =ty-two applications = divorce 7 pres5t$ 9 ! ,/ate ( ,ohio4 ,if su* is ,ohio's record1 :at mu/ be ! matrimonial condition ( ,indiana1 :i* is call$ ! p>adise ( discont5t$ sp\ses4 ,9 ,connecticut !re 71 9 #ahge1 f\r ?\s& ?ree hundr$ & eighty-five m>riages1 & f\r hundr$ & sixty-six divorces f ! m>riage bond4 ,! numb] ( divorces obta9$ 9 ! same ,/ate dur+ ! la/ fifte5 ye>s has rea*$ five ?\s& ?ree hundr$ & n9ety-"o4 ,?is is ! record ( a ,/ate ^: public s*ool sy/em is consid]$ ! mo/ ?or\gh & p]fect 9 ! c\ntry4 ,! /ati/ics giv5 ( ,ohio & ,connecticut w enable u to =m "s idea ( ! fe>ful catalogue ( divorces annually obta9$ 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,!re are "s :o reg>d ! ,ca?olic ,*ur* z too sev]e 9 proclaim+ ! absolute indissolubility ( m>riage4 ,b x %\ld be borne 9 m9d t x is n ! ,*ur*1 b ! ,div9e ,f\nd] ( ! ,*ri/ian religion1 t has giv5 u ! law4 ,%e m]ely en=ces its obs]vance4 ,! law1 h[ rigor\s soev]1 is m]cy itself1 :5 comp>$ ) ! cruel consequ5ces :i* foll[ f ! easy concession ( divorce4 ,! facility ) :i* m>riage is annull$ is mo/ injuri\s to ! morals ( individuals1 ( ! family & ( society4 ,x leads to ill-assort$ & ha/y m>riages1 because p]sons are less circumspect 9 mak+ a compact :i* may be aft]w>ds dissolv$ almo/ at w4 ,x /imulates a discont5t$ & unpr9cipl$ husb& or wife to lawlessness1 qu>rels & ev5 adult]y1 well kn[+ t ! v crime w af=d a pretext & legal gr\nds = a sep>ation4 ,x eng5d]s betwe5 husb& & wife fi]ce litigations ab\t ! cu/ody ( _! (fspr+4 ,x deprives ! *ildr5 ( ! protect+ arm ( a fa!r1 or ( ! g5tle c>e ( a "m1 & too frequ5tly consigns !m to ! cold *>ity ( ! _w2 = ! m>ri$ c\ple :o are want+ 9 conjugal love = "o ano!r are too (t5 de/itute also ( p>5tal affection4 ,9 a ^w1 x br+s into ! h\sehold a blight & desolation :i* nei!r weal? nor luxury c repair4 ,!re is b "o rem$y to ?is social di/emp]1 & t is an absolute prohibition ( divorce a v9culo1 9 accordance ) ! inflexible rule ( ! ,gospel & ( ! anci5t ,*ur*4 ,9 ,ca?olic c\ntries divorces are exce$+ly r>e1 & are obta9$ only by su* z h ?r[n (f ! yoke ( ! ,*ur*4 ,if ! sacr$ laws ( ,matrimony are /ill happily obs]v$ by s l>ge a portion ( ! ,prote/ant community1 ! purity ( morals is 9 no small measure due to ! pres5ce among !m ( ! ,ca?olic religion1 :i* ex]cises a b5eficial influ5ce ev5 ov] ^? :o are outside ! pale ( h] communion1 l ! sun1 ^: b5ignant light & heat are felt ev5 9 ^? seclud$ spots :i* 8 rays c b obliquely & dimly p5etrate4 ,,index4 ,abraham1 de> to ,jehovah1 #cg4 ,ab/95ce on ,friday expla9$1 #b4 ,adoration & rev]5ce comp>$1 #bjb4 ,a',kempis comp>$ ) ,bunyan1 #bj4 ,a',kempis' 8,foll[+ ( ,*ri/0 recomm5d$1 #bj2 ,prote/ant edition mutilat$1 #bj4 ,alb]tus ,magnus on ,fai? quot$1 #ae4 ,am]ican ,indep5d5ce & ,ca?olic ,*ur*1 #bdj4 ,angel ,raphael & "y ,tobias1 #aee4 ,angels labor = man's salvation1 #afj4 ,anglican ,*ur* began ) ,h5ry ,,viii41 #dd4 ,anne1 ,que51 prais$ by ,?omas ,arundel1 #ib4 ,apo/olate ( ,si/]hoods--,consecrat$ ,virg9s1 #bc4 ,appeals1 a pro( ( ,papal ,supremacy1 #aji4 ,apo/les commission$ to tea*1 #bi2 transmit infallibility to successors1 #fe2 n comm&$ to write1 #hj2 ord]$ to tea* & to prea*1 #ha2 receiv$ p[] to =give s9s1 #cdb4 ,apo/olic tea*+ 0 infallible1 #fe2 weapons1 #bf2 mission>ies s5t by ,popes1 #aae4 ,apo/olicity def9$1 #ch2 a note ( ! true ,*ur*1 #ci2 claims ( te/$1 #dj1 et seq4 ,articles ( ,fai?--consequ5ces ( d5ial (1 #aj4 ,arian h]esy & ! ,*ur*1 #ec1 et seq4 ,arianism & ,prote/antism p>allel$1 #ee1 et seq4 ,a/olphus1 ,k+1 ?reat5s ,rome1 #adj4 ,attila & ,pope ,leo ! ,great1 #aci4 ,attributes ( ,*ri/--objects ( ,*ur*'s tea*+1 #af4 ,attributes or ,notes ( ! ,*ur* imply infallibility1 #fe4 ,au?ority ( ! ,*ur* d]iv$ f ,god1 #fe2 abs5ce (1 causes diss5sions1 #ig2 au?oriz$ v]sus private int]pretation1 #ha2 ( ! ,book ( ,ma*abees1 #bad4 ,b>b>ians attack ,rome1 #aci4 ,bancr(t's ,hi/ory cit$1 #bcc4 ,baptism ess5tial = remission ( orig9al s91 #bfh2 necess>y = all1 #bfh2 mu/ n be delay$1 #bgc2 effects1 #ba2 remits all s91 #bge2 makes u heirs ( heav51 #bgf4 ,baptism ( desire or m>tyrdom sub/itutes = ,baptism1 #bgb4 ,baptiz+1 modes (1 #bgg4 ,b>?olomew1 ,ar*bi%op ( ,braga1 directs crusade1 #bg4 ,becanus tea*es value ( religi\s lib]ty1 #bcj4 ,b$e1 ,v5]able1 translat$ ,bible into ,saxon1 #ia4 ,bible1 v5]at$ by ! ,jews1 #gg2 requires ! liv+ au?ority ( ! ,*ur*1 #gg2 int]pret$ by ! ,sanh$rim1 #gg2 exp\nd$ by ! prie/s1 #gh2 a babel among re=m]s1 #hf2 itself un*ang+1 x causes ev]-*ang+ t5ets1 #hg2 gu>dian & depository (1 is ! ,ca?olic ,*ur*1 #ij2 translat$ into ,saxon by ,v5]able ,b$e1 #ia2 9 ,engli%1 ,sir ,?omas ,m on1 #ib2 editions prior to ,lu!r1 #ib2 e>ly editions 9 ,engli%1 #ib2 use (1 recomm5d$ by ,pope ,pius ,,vi1 #ic2 9 sem9>y1 #ic1 et seq42 basis ( ,papal ,infallibility1 #abe1 et seq42 infallible1 n suffici5t1 #acc1 et seq42 n ord]$ to be multipli$1 #gh4 ,biblical int]pretation on ,deut]onomy1 quot$1 #gh2 associations nev] conv]t$ nation1 #hj2 au?orization claim$ by ,mormons1 #hh2 re/rictions z to g>bl$ v]sions1 #ib4 ,bi%ops1 prie/s & deacons among ,prote/ants1 #aj2 fir/ bi%op ( ,rome1 0 ,/4 ,pet]1 #ajf2 ( ,rome1 heirs to ,/4 ,pet]'s supremacy1 #ajh2 convok$ c\ncils1 #aad2 presid$ at c\ncils1 #aad4 ,bi%op ,%ort on ,anglicanism1 #dd4 ,bond ( ,union--,ca?olic1 comp>$ to t ( secret ord]s1 #cf4 ,bond--,nuptial1 ratifi$ by ,god1 #daa4 ,books ( ,piety adapt$ to wants1 #ai2 ( ,ma*abees1 same au?ority z o!r ,scriptures1 #bad4 ,bride or ,sp\se ( ,*ri/1 appli$ to ! ,*ur*1 #h4 ,br[nson1 ,dr41 appreciates /& ( ,*ur* on civil lib]ty1 #bca4 ,bunyan comp>$ ) ,a',kempis1 #bj4 ,butl]'s 8,lives ( ! ,sa9ts0 & ,foxe's 8,book ( ,m>tyrs0 comp>$1 #bj4 ,byron1 ,"l1 lauds ,/4 ,pet]'s ,*ur* 9 ,rome1 #cha4 ,c>anza ,b>?olomew arre/$ by ! ,inquisition1 #beg4 ,c>roll1 ,*>les1 9 ,am]ican ,indep5d5ce1 #bdj4 ,c>roll1 ,rev4 ,john1 9 ,am]ican ,indep5d5ce1 #bdj4 ,catacombs ab\nd 9 sacr$ images1 #aif2 e>lie/ *ur*es1 #acg4 ,cate*ism1 ,episcopal1 treats ( ,absolution1 #ced1 et seq4 ,ca?olic bond ( union & t ( ! secret ord]s comp>$1 #cf2 b>ons & ,ar*bi%op ,langton1 #bcc2 idea ( infallibility reasonable & satisfactory1 #ace2 prie/ oblig$ to read ,scriptures1 #id2 prie/ prea*es ,*ri/ & ,him crucifi$1 #ah2 lit]ature favor$ by ,episcopal cl]gyman1 #bj2 mission>ies :]ev] ,engli% is spok51 #ce2 *ur*es burn$ by ,prote/ants1 #bea4 ,ca?olics numb] ?ree hundr$ millions1 #aj2 exhort$ to /udy ! ,^w ( ,god 9 _! homes1 #ai2 n all holy1 #bc2 sometimes are s\rces ( sc&al1 #bc2 & free w1 #bc2 consci5ces n =c$1 #bc2 ,wa%+ton addresses1 #bda2 p]secut$ by ,h5ry ,,viii4 & ,elizabe?1 #bej1 by ! ,puritans1 #bea4 ,ca?olicity--prom95t attribute ( ! ,*ur*1 #bi2 evid5ces (1 9 ,apo/les' ,cre$1 #bi2 def9$1 #bi2 =e%ad[$ by ! ,psalmi/1 #bi2 =ese5 by ,prophet ,mala*y1 #bi2 n f\nd 9 ! sep>ate sects1 #cb4 ,c]emonial ( ! ,mass1 #cbh1 et seq4 ,c]emonies--religi\s1 def9$1 #cbj2 describ$1 #cbg2 prescrib$ by ,god1 #ccb2 necess>y1 #cbb4 ,*ri/'s life portray$1 #ag1 et seq42 tea*+s v]sus ,book ( ,homilies1 #fg1 et seq2 words & private int]pretation1 #gi2 div9ity n prov$ solely by ,scripture1 #gi1 et seq42 honor$ virg9s 9 a special mann]1 #djj2 in/itut$ matrimony1 #dji2 conta9$ entire "u ea* =m1 #cjj4 ,*ri/ian--a title ( nobility1 #ag2 obligations x imposes1 #ag2 def9$ z ano!r ,*ri/1 #ag2 communions claim p]petuity1 #ea2 unity endors$1 #aai4 ,*ur* tea*es "o ,god1 #a2 unity (1 #e2 gov]nm5t requires unity1 #f2 ne$s visible head1 #f2 a k+dom1 #f2 ,*ri/ f\nd$ only "o1 #f2 ,*ri/'s spiritual k+dom1 #g2 gov]nm5t comp>$ to t ( /ate1 #g2 ( ,*ri/1 a %eepfold1 #g2 lik5$ to ! %eepfold1 #g2 "o *ief pa/or1 "o *ief %eph]d1 #g2 lik5$ to human body1 #g2 comp>$ to a v9e1 #h2 bride or sp\se ( ,*ri/1 #h2 unity z taught by common s5se1 #h2 h>mony1 #h2 ne$s common doctr9e1 #i2 uni=m gov]nm5t1 #i2 ( ,engl& rul$ by sov]eign1 #i2 alone possesses unity1 #aj2 temple ( fai?1 #aj2 h] cre$ id5tical ) pa/ ages1 #aa2 fai? & gov]nm5t simil>1 #aa2 does n m$dle ) political t5ets1 #aj2 tea*es "o fai? ev]y:]e1 #aj2 expla9s & decl>es tru?s implicitly believ$1 #ae2 au?ority to decide disputes1 #ae2 hol9ess an attribute (1 #af2 a society1 #af2 e/abli%$ = man's sanctification1 #af2 only "o f\nd$ by ,*ri/1 #f2 inculcates valuable lessons ( div9e p]fection1 #af2 invites to a holy life1 #ag2 en=ces ! inculcation ( div9e precepts1 #ah2 af=ds motives & means ( sanctification1 #bj2 enc\rages communion ) ,god1 #bj2 a wat*ful "m--supplies u at ea* /ep1 #ba2 fruitful 9 sa9ts1 #bb2 /ill produces sa9ts & apo/les1 #bb2 has h] m>tyrs 9 our day1 #bb2 /ill numb]s confessors 9 h] ranks1 #bb2 saves s9n]s1 #bd2 refuge ( ! poor1 #bd2 h] inh]itance--! afflict$1 #be2 possesses means ( re=m1 #bg2 cosmopolitan1 #cj2 ,ca?olic 9 "n & reality1 #cd2 ga9+ num]ically at pres5t1 #ce2 apo/olical1 #ch2 built ^u f\ndation ( ! ,apo/les1 #ch2 d]ives h] orig9 f ! ,apo/les1 #dh2 inde/ructible1 #ea2 & ! b>b>\s hordes1 #ec2 & ,mohamm$anism1 #ec2 & ! ,arian h]esy1 #ec1 et seq42 & ! ,iri% p1 #ed2 & /ate1 #eg2 h] relation to o!r religi\s bodies1 #eh2 does n ne$ temporal p[] = pres]vation1 #eh2 & mod]n progress1 #ei2 b5efit$ by sci5tific appliances & inv5tions1 #ei2 fo/]s intellectual progress1 #fj2 enc\rages sci5tific inve/igation1 #fj2 sci5ce indebt$ to h]--has no fe> f human lib]ty1 #fa2 outla/s all o!r gov]nm5ts1 #fa1 et seq42 au?ority comes f ,god1 #fe2 h] tea*+ direct$ by ! ,holy ,gho/1 #fe2 h] infallibility prov$ f ,scripture1 #ff1 et seq42 ,*ri/'s promise 9 favor ( !1 #gj1 #gc2 h] doctr9es incapable ( re=m1 #gc2 h] doctr9al decrees irrevocable1 #gf2 div9ely appo9t$ tea*] ( revelation1 #gf1 #gg2 gu>dian & depository ( ! ,bible1 #ij2 requires a head1 #ig2 unity ma9ta9$ by supreme head1 #gg2 only "o f\nd$ by ,*ri/1 #ajj2 built on ,pet]1 #ajj2 reveal$ ,^w ( ,god h] ,magna ,*>ta1 #abd2 exhorts all to honor ,m>y1 #ahg2 h] practice proves exi/5ce ( purgatory1 #bad1 et seq42 ,fa!rs ( !--unanim\s 9 pray+ = ! dead1 #bag2 has always promot$ civil lib]ty1 #bbf2 def5ds civil rights & lib]ties1 #bca2 conflict ) /ate1 #bca2 & ,am]ican ,indep5d5ce1 #bdj2 desires no gov]nm5tal aid1 #bdf2 does n sanction p]secution or blood%$1 #bdi2 disav[s ! excesses ( ! ,spani% ,inquisition1 #beh2 h] practice & ! proc$ure ( ! ,supreme ,c\rt comp>$1 #acj2 organization--,am]ican sy/em (1 #bdf2 h] doctr9e on unbaptiz$ infants1 #bgc2 p]petuates ,*ri/'s "w1 #cda2 grants indulg5ces1 #cgf4 ,*ur*es--e>lie/ ,*ri/ian 7 ,catacombs1 #acg2 fallible--consequ5ces1 #gj4 ,clem5t ( ,alex&ria be>s witness to spread ( ,*ri/ianity1 #ca4 ,cl]ical celibacy--necessity1 #cii2 propriety & advantages (1 #djb4 ,clem5t ,,vii1 ,pope1 refus$ to sanction divorce ( ,h5ry ,,viii1 #dad4 ,communion ) ,god enc\rag$ by ,*ur*1 #bj4 ,communion "u bo? =ms giv5 by ,*ri/1 #cjj4 ,communion "u =m ( bread1 #cjc1 et seq4 ,communion ( ,sa9ts--a com=t+ ?\ght1 #afj4 ,confession ( s9s obligatory1 #cde2 v>i\s views1 #cff2 sacram5tal1 ( div9e in/itution1 #cdf1 et seq4 ,confirmation--graces (1 #ba2 def9$1 #bhj2 signs t foll[1 #bhb2 describ$ by ,/4 ,augu/9e1 #bhb2 aboli%$ by ! ,prote/ants1 #bhe4 ,con/ant9e gives peace to ! ,*ur*1 #acg4 ,cont95ce--volunt>y1 sup]ior to matrimony1 #cii4 ,cross--held 9 rev]5ce1 #c2 in/rum5t ( ! crucifixion1 #c2 adorns our sanctu>ies1 #c2 surm\nts our ,*ur*es1 #c2 emblem ( salvation1 #c4 ,cross--sign ( !1 anci5t & pi\s practice1 #c2 h[ made1 #c2 taught by tradition1 #c2 pr(ession ( fai?1 #c2 salut>y act ( religion1 #c4 ,d',aubigne on ,prote/ant ,re=mation1 #bfd--;comm5ts on divorce ( ,h5ry ,,viii4 ,david & ,na?an1 #cgf4 ,deacons1 prie/s & bi%ops 9 ,prote/ant sects1 #aj4 ,dea? does n dissev] love among fri5ds1 #afa4 ,decrees 9 doctr9al matt]s irrevocable1 #gg4 ,de ,mai/re quot$ on "n ,prote/ant1 #ee4 ,deut]onomy quot$ on ,biblical int]pretation1 #gh4 ,devotion--true1 is int]ior1 #cbj2 manuals (1 criticis$1 #cff4 ,div9e p]fections s\rces ( valuable lessons1 #af4 ,div9e p[] manife/$ on ,ea/] ,sunday1 #c4 ,div9ity ( ,*ri/ n prov$ solely by ,scripture1 #gi1 et seq4 ,divorce nev] all[$--sep>ation sometimes1 #dab4 ,divorce prohibit$ by ,/4 ,paul1 #dac4 ,divorc$ man may n m>ry dur+ wife's lifetime1 #dad4 ,divorce--legal1 causes1 #daf2 cruel consequ5ces (1 #dag4 ,doctr9al decrees ( ! ,*ur* are irrevocable1 #gf4 ,doctr9es ( ! ,*ur* _c be re=m$1 #gc2 ! same ev]y:]e1 #aj2 new def9itions d n impair unity ( fai?1 #aa1 et seq4 ,dogma ( ! ,immaculate ,conception =mulat$1 #aga4 ,dll+]1 ,dr41 ana!matiz$1 #aj4 ,duties to ,god--fir/ lessons taught u1 #ah4 ,ea/]n *ur*es all[ a m>ri$ cl]gy1 #djb4 ,ecum5ical c\ncils v9dicate papal supremacy1 #aac2 def9$1 #aad4 ,elias de> to ,jehovah1 #cg4 ,elizabe?1 ,que51 & ,h5ry ,,viii4 p]secut$ ,ca?olics1 #bej4 ,elizabe?an & ,m>ian p]secutions comp>$1 #bfb1 et seq4 ,episcopal cl]gyman favors ,ca?olic books1 #bj4 ,evangelical ,alliance fail$--_h no common plat=m1 #aai4 ,exodus1 ,book (1 & sacr$ images1 #bjj4 ,extreme ,unction def9$1 #chd2 effects1 #ba2 support$ by anci5t au?ority1 #chf4 ,fai?1 hope & *>ity necess>y = ,ca?olics1 #cg4 ,fai?1 temple (1 ! ,*ur*1 #aj2 ,alb]tus ,magnus quot$1 #ae4 ,fai?1 unity (1 requir$1 #e2 progress 91 does n *ange tru?1 #ae4 ,fa!rs ( ! ,*ur* on ,confirmation1 #bhc2 e*o ! words ( ,/4 ,paul on ! ,eu*>i/1 #big2 !y are unanim\s on pray+ = ! dead1 #bag4 ,f5elon favors lib]ty ( consci5ce1 #bbh4 ,f\nd]s ( v>i\s religi\s d5om9ations1 #df4 ,foxe's ,book ( ,m>tyrs & ! ,lives ( ! ,sa9ts contra/$1 #bj4 ,free-w--,ca?olics enjoy1 #bc4 ,g>bl$ v]sions ( ! ,bible re/rict$1 #ib4 ,gibbon quot$ on triumphs ( ! ,*ur*1 #ec4 ,god--inf9ite 9 k1 p[] & goodness1 #a2 gov]ns by ,8 ,provid5ce1 #a2 creat$ all ?+s by ,8 ,omnipot5ce1 #a2 ?ree p]sons 9 ,"o1 #a2 p]sons equal1 #a4 ,god comm&s ! mak+ ( images1 #cja4 ,god requires t ,8 m9i/]s be respect$1 #chh4 ,god works ?r\gh 8 repres5tatives1 #cda1 et seq4 ,god's judgm5t impress$ on ! *ild m9d1 #ai4 ,gospel m9i/]s are orda9$ & commission$1 #ci4 ,gov]nm5t--/ate & *ur* comp>$1 #g4 ,gov]nm5tal aid n desir$ = ,*ur*1 #bdf4 ,grace def9$1 #bfe2 necess>y = sanctification1 #bfe4 ,graces imp>t$ by ,holy ,ord]s & ,matrimony1 #ba4 ,graces ne$$ by m>ri$ c\ple1 special1 #djh4 ,great ,_s wor%ip$ by ,am]ican ,indians1 #cji4 ,gregory ,,ii1 ,pope1 writes ab\t images1 #adj4 ,habeas ,corpus1 #bbc4 ,hail ,m>y expla9$1 #agd1 et seq4 ,hamlet1 ,%akespe>e's1 advis$ by ! dead1 #bba4 ,hebrews believ$ 9 int]cessory pray]1 #aei4 ,h5ry ,,viii4 excommunicat$1 #aj2 divorce refus$1 #dd4 ,h5ry ,,viii & ,elizabe? p]secut$ ,ca?olics1 #bej4 ,h]esy & s*ism oppos$ to unity1 #e2 lik5$ to murd] & idolatry1 #e2 h]esy def9$1 #e2 & ! ,*ur*1 #ed2 a crime aga9/ *ur* & /ate1 #bee4 ,holy ,eu*>i/--,/4 ,paul's te/imony on1 #bie4 ,hol9ess a m>k ( ! ,*ur*1 #af4 ,holmes1 ,oliv] ,w5dell1 praises ,m>y1 #agi4 ,holy ,gho/ s5t by ,*ri/1 #c2 on ,p5teco/1 #c2 guides ! ,*ur*'s tea*+1 #fe4 ,holy ,scripture--depository ( ,god's ,^w1 #gg4 ,holy ,ord]s & ,matrimony--graces (1 #ba4 ,image--,mak+ comm&$ by ,god1 #bja4 ,images1 ,sacr$--advantages (1 #bjd1 et seq42 & ! ,re=m]s1 #aih2 & ! ,c\ncil ( ,tr5t1 #aih1 et seq42 & ! ,book ( ,exodus1 #bjj2 v5]ation (1 #aif2 ,catacombs ab\nd 91 #aif4 ,immaculate ,conception impli$ 9 ,scripture1 #aga2 9 our e>lie/ hi/ory1 #agc2 dogma =mulat$ 9 #ahed1 #aga4 ,inde/ructibility ( ! ,*ur* due to f+] ( ,god1 #eg4 ,infallible ,bible n suffici5t #acc1 et seq4 ,infallibility a special guidance ( ! ,holy ,gho/1 #fe2 impli$ 9 ! attributes ( ! ,*ur*1 #fe2 ( ,apo/olic tea*+1 #fe2 prov$ f ,scripture1 #ff1 et seq42 transmitt$ by ,apo/les to successors1 #fe2 bless+s att5dant on--= ! fai?ful1 #gb2 ,ca?olic idea (1 reasonable & satisfactory1 #ace2 misappreh5d$1 #aba2 :at x does n mean1 #aba1 et seq42 :at x is1 #abc2 f\nd$ on ,bible1 #abe1 et seq42 n a new doctr9e1 #acj4 ,inc5se1 its use1 #ccd4 ,indians1 ,am]ican--wor%ip$ ! ,great ,_s1 #cji4 ,indulg5ce def9$1 #cge2 grant$ by ! ,*ur*1 #cgf2 elem5ts requir$1 #cgg2 classes1 #cgh2 does n exempt f do+ p5ance1 #cgi2 abus$1 #chj4 ,infant ,baptism prov$ f e>ly ,doctors1 #bgj2 & ! ,c\ncil ( ,c>?age1 #bgj2 n to be delay$1 #bgc4 ,inquisition1 ,spani%--cruelties1 #bdh2 its true "*1 #bed2 expla9$1 #bed2 excesses disav[$ by ! ,*ur*1 #beh4 ,inv5tions & sci5tific appliances b5eficial to ,*ur*1 #ei4 ,invocation ( ! ,sa9ts def9$1 #aeb4 ,irel& & ! ,anci5t ,*ur*1 #ed4 ,iri% cl]gy p]secut$ by ,cromwell1 #bej4 ,j]emiah1 aft] dea?1 prays = ,jewi% p1 #aei4 ,jesus ,*ri/1 second p]son ( ,bless$ ,tr9ity1 #a2 p]fect ,god & p]fect man1 #a2 assumes human nature1 #a2 born on ,*ri/mas ,day1 #a2 l$ a life ( obscurity at ,naz>e?1 #a2 comm5ces public c>e]1 #a2 associates ) 8 ,apo/les1 #b2 do+ good1 #b2 prea*es new gospel1 #b2 crucifi$ on ,m\nt ,calv>y1 #b2 pur*ases our r$emption1 #b2 is our ,savi\r & ,r$eem]1 #b2 example to be imitat$1 #b2 manife/$ ,div9e p[] on ,ea/] ,sunday1 #c2 rais$ ,himself to life1 #c2 asc5d$ into heav51 #c2 sp5ds =ty days on e>?1 #c2 s5ds ,holy ,gho/1 #c2 requires unity ( fai?1 #e2 prays = unity1 #e2 mission evid5c$ 9 unity ( ,*ur*1 #e2 speaks ( ,8 ,*ur*1 n *ur*es1 #f2 our model1 #ag2 wrote no l9e ( ,scripture1 #hj2 e/abli%$ supreme head ( ! ,*ur*1 #ih1 et seq42 f\nd$ b "o ,*ur*1 #ajj2 ! "o ,m$iator1 #afa2 came on e>? to wa% away s9s1 #bfh2 our ,victim 9 ! ,mass1 #cag2 a ,physician & ,savior1 #cdj4 ,jesus' pray] is always he>d1 #abf2 "n implies ,8 mission1 #cci2 example a means ( sanctification1 #af2 moral lessons t5d to sanctification1 #af4 ,jews ord]$ by ,*ri/ to obey con/itut$ tea*]s1 #gi2 pray = _! dead1 #bbj2 v5]ate ! ,bible1 #gg2 7 releas$ f religi\s p]secution by ,/4 ,b]n>d1 #bbh2 appeal$ to ! ,sanh$rim = ! settlem5t ( disputes1 #gg2 _! prie/s exp\nd$ ,bible1 #gh2 _! ,high ,prie/ & ! ,roman ,pontiff comp>$1 #ie4 ,job int]c$es = 8 fri5ds1 #aeg4 ,john1 ,abbot ( ,con/ant9ople1 appeals to ,pope ,gregory ,i1 #aab4 ,judea a hall[$ soil1 #afd4 ,jurisdiction ( ,god's m9i/]s unlimit$1 #chh4 ,laity conta9 _m ,sa9ts1 #bc4 ,langton1 ,ar*bi%op1 & ,ca?olic b>ons1 #bcc4 ,leibnitz taught t ,*ri/ is entire "u ea* species1 #cjb4 ,leo ! ,great1 ,pope1 & ,attila1 #aci4 ,leo ! ,isaurian desires spiritual jurisdiction1 #aci2 de/roys pa9t+s1 #adj2 w>s on images1 #aig4 ,lepanto--victory ( #aega1 #ec4 ,lib]ty1 religi\s1 expla9$1 #bbf2 ev] promot$ by ! ,ca?olic ,*ur*1 #bbf2 taught by ,becanus1 #bcj2 favor$ by ,f5elon1 #bbh2 & civil rights def5d$ by ! ,*ur*1 #bca2 human n fe>$1 #fa4 ,lights on ! alt>--mean+1 #ccc4 ,lit]ature1 ,ca?olic1 favor$ by ,episcopal cl]gyman1 #bj4 ,llor5te1 hi/orian ( ,spani% ,inquisition1 #bec2 :o he 01 #bec1 et seq4 ,longfell[ ref]s to ,m>y's influ5ce & int]cession1 #ahi4 ,loyalty to ,*ri/ implies v5]ation ( ,8 repres5tative1 #ajf4 ,lu!r advocat$ ,communion "u "o =m1 #cja2 accus$ ,john ,tetzel1 #chb4 ,lu!ranism f\nd$ by ,lu!r1 #dd2 rise & progress (1 #ed4 ,magna ,*>ta--great bulw>k ( lib]ty1 #bcc4 ,magna ,*>ta1 ! ,*ur*'s--! reveal$ ,^w ( ,god1 #abd4 ,m>riage law violat$ by ,h5ry ,,viii1 #aj2 indissoluble1 #daj2 contract--mo/ inviolable & irrevocable1 #daj2 =bidd5 to prie/s aft] ord9ation1 #djj4 ,m>ri$ c\ple ne$ special graces1 #djh4 ,m>y s+ul>ly honor$ by ,jesus ,*ri/1 #afe2 ,"m ( ,god--mean+1 #aff2 n "m ( div9ity--,"m ( ,god1 #afg2 truly & really ,"m ( ,god1 #afg2 ( surpass+ dignity & excell5ce1 #afh2 always a virg91 #afh2 loves m51 #aij2 exempt$ f orig9al s91 #bfg4 ,m>y's s\l nev] subject to s91 #aga2 h] s\l ne$$ a r$eem]1 #aga2 pr]ogatives1 #agd2 honor r$\nds to ,god1 #aha2 honor f\nd$ on ,scriptural sanction1 #ahf2 honor enc\rag$ by ! ,*ur*1 #ahg2 int]cession sup]ior to t ( ! ,angels & ! ,sa9ts1 #ahh2 influ5ce & int]cession ref]r$ to by ,longfell[1 #ahi-aic2 invok$ by ,edg> ,allan ,poe1 #aia4 ,m>y ,magdal5 exp]i5c$ ! m]cy ( ,jesus1 #cdj4 ,m>yl&--cradle ( civil & religi\s lib]ty1 #bcc2 l& ( ! ,sanctu>y1 #bcc2 religi\s tol]ation expla9$1 #bcd1 et seq42 *anges effect$ by ,puritans1 #bcg2 tol]ations--?ree1 #bch1 et seq4 ,mass is id5tical ) ! ,sacrifice ( ! ,cross1 #caa2 in/itut$1 #cab2 a p]petual oblation1 #cac1 et seq42 ( ,apo/olic orig91 #cad2 its c]emonial1 #cbh1 et seq42 :y said 9 ,lat91 #cbi1 et seq4 ,matrimony def9$1 #djh2 in/itut$ by ,*ri/1 #dji2 imp>ts ample & suitable graces1 #ba4 ,mission>ies1 ,ca?olic1 :]ev] ,engli% is spok51 #ce2 ,apo/olic--s5t by ,popes1 #aae4 ,mohamm$anism1 rise & conque/s1 #ec2 & ! ,*ur*1 #ec4 ,monica1 ,/41 reque/s pray]s = ! repose ( h] s\l1 #baf4 ,morality ( ,ca?olic & ,prote/ant c\ntries contra/$1 #cfi2 lax among ,ca?olics--accusation answ]$1 #cfd2 ,*ri/'s lessons t5d to sanctification1 #af2 inculcat$ by ! ,*ur*1 #ah2 moral law /&>d ( p]fection1 #ah4 ,m1 ,sir ,?omas1 quot$ on ,bible 9 ,engli%1 #ib4 ,mormons claim ,biblical au?orization = polygamy1 #hh4 ,mormonism at v>iance ) ,gospel1 #daj4 ,my/]ies1 pr9cipal1 inc5tive to hol9ess1 #ag2 propos$ by ! ,*ur*1 #ag2 surr\nd u ev]y:]e1 #bic4 ,naaman ! ,syrian cur$1 #cfa4 ,napoleon's dem&s on ,pope ,pius ,,vii1 #bdb1 et seq4 ,na?an & ,david1 #cgf4 ,nuptial bond ratifi$ by ,god1 #daa4 ,onias1 aft] dea?1 prays = ! p ( ,god1 #aei4 ,oracles1 ra%ness ( foll[+ discordant1 #gb4 ,orig5 be>s witness to ! spread ( ,*ri/ianity1 #ca4 ,orig9al s91 all m5 born 91 #bfg2 ,bless$ ,virg9 alone exempt$1 #bfg2 univ]sal1 #bgb4 ,pagans reta9$ primitive traditions ab\t sacrifices1 #cji4 ,papal ,jurisdiction--examples1 #aji1 et seq4 ,papal /ates a conv5i5ce = ! ,holy ,fa!r1 #ade4 ,paul1 ,/4 on h]esy & s*ism1 #e1 et seq42 asks int]cession1 #aeh4 ,p5ance--effects ( ,sacram5t1 #ba4 ,p5teco/--,*ri/ s5ds ,holy ,gho/1 #c4 ,p]petuity ( ! ,*ur*1 #ej2 def9$1 #ej2 =etold 9 ! ,scriptures1 #ej4 ,p]secutions la/$ #bhj ye>s1 #eb4 ,p]secution & blood%$ n sanction$ by ! ,*ur*1 #bdi4 ,p]secutions by ,que5 ,m>y ( ,engl&1 #bfa2 comp>$ ) ^? "u ,elizabe?1 #bfb1 et seq4 ,pep91 ,k+ ( ! ,franks1 defeats ,lomb>ds1 #ada4 ,pet]1 ,/41 primacy (1 #ie2 f\ndation ( ! ,*ur*1 #ajj2 fir/ ,bi%op ( ,rome1 #ajf2 supremacy h&$ d[n1 #ajh2 & ,wa%+ton comp>$1 #ajh2 oracle ( ! ,apo/les1 #abf1 et seq4 ,photius appeals to ,pope ,ni*olas ,i to confirm 8 election to ! ,patri>*ate ( ,con/ant9ople1 #aab4 ,plebescitum1 ,roman1 expla9$1 #adf4 ,plut>* decl>es3 8,no nations )\t prie/s & alt>s10 #cji4 ,poe1 ,edg> ,allan1 invokes ,m>y1 #aia4 ,pontiff1 ,supreme1 is comm&]-9-*ief ( ! ,*ur*1 #aag4 ,pope is ,vic> ( ,*ri/1 #abi2 fa!r & doctor ( ,*ri/ians1 *ief pa/or ( ! ,*ur*1 #acj2 confirms or rejects decrees ( c\ncils1 #aca2 a prison] 9 8 own h\se1 #ade4 ,popes succe$ to ,pet]'s supremacy1 #ajh2 s5d ,apo/olic mission>ies1 #aae2 g to confession regul>ly1 #abb2 oracles ( ! e>ly ,*ur*1 #abh1 et seq41 recogniz$ 9 all ages z infallible tea*]s1 #acb4 ,pray] = unity1 #e2 & ,sacram5ts--means ( sanctification1 #bj2 a duty b9d+ 9 consci5ce #bj2 ( ,jesus ,*ri/1 always he>d #abf2 = ! dead1 consol+1 #bbe4 ,prie/1 ,ca?olic oblig$ to read ^w ( ,god1 #id2 ambassador ( ,god1 #chg2 disp5s] ( ,god's graces1 #cij2 titles1 #cia2 physician ( s\ls1 #cif2 mu/ be man ( pray]1 #cih4 ,prie/ly obligations1 #cie2 /&s be=e ,god1 int]cessor = 8 p1 #cif2 exp]i5ce 9 sacr$ m9i/ry1 #cfg1 et seq4 ,primacy ( ,/4 ,pet]1 #ie2 promis$1 #ih1 et seq42 & supremacy simil>ly demon/rat$1 #aji4 ,progress1 ,mod]n1 & ! ,*ur*1 #ei2 intellectual fo/]$ by ! ,*ur*1 #fj2 _c de/roy ! ,*ur*1 #ei4 ,prophecies ( ,*ri/ fulfill$ by spread ( ,*ri/ianity1 #cj4 ,prote/ant sects make no claim to ,ca?olicity1 #cb2 ,episcopalians sometimes usurp ! title ( ,ca?olic1 #cc2 inconsi/5cy betwe5 tea*+ & practice1 #hb1 et seq4 ,prote/antism n traceable to ,apo/olic times1 #dg2 & ,arianism p>allel$1 #ee1 et seq4 ,prote/ants diff] 9 belief among !mselves1 #i2 sects d n possess unity1 #i2 combat ! p]petual virg9ity ( ,m>y1 #afi1 et seq42 _! objections answ]$1 #afi1 et seq42 burn$ ,ca?olic *ur*es1 #bea2 aboli%$ confirmation1 #bhe4 ,puritans effect$ *anges 9 ,m>yl&1 #bcg2 p]secut$ o!rs = consci5ce's sake1 #bea4 ,ranke quot$ on ,spani% ,inquisition1 #bef4 ,raphael ,ar*angel & "y ,tobias1 #aee4 ,real pres5ce f\nd$ on scripture1 #bhh2 prov$ f ! ,new ,te/am5t1 #bhh1 et seq4 ,re=mation ( morals effect$1 #bf4 ,re=m]s made a babel ( ! ,bible1 #hf2 & sacr$ images1 #aih2 guilty ( viol5ce t[>ds o!rs1 #bej4 ,reg5]ation1 necess>y to all1 #bgb4 ,religi\s d5om9ations & _! f\nd]s1 #df4 ,rep5tance--,ca?olic & ,prote/ant sy/ems contra/$1 #cfb4 ,revelation--*ur* div9ely appo9t$ tea*] (1 #gf4 ,rev]5ce = ! ,cross1 #c2 & adoration comp>$1 #bjb4 ,rites & c]emonies prescrib$ by ,god1 #cbb4 ,ritual describ$ 9 ,revelation1 #cbd4 ,rodriguez1 8,*ri/ian ,p]fection0 recomm5d$1 #bj4 ,roman ,pontiff & ,jewi% ,high ,prie/1 comp>$1 #ie4 ,roman ,plebescitum expla9$1 #adf4 ,rome1 ,/4 ,pet]1 fir/ ,bi%op (1 #ajf4 ,rome1 ,/4 ,pet]'s resid5ce 91 prov$1 #ajg2 te/ifi$ by em95t writ]s1 #ajg4 ,sacram5tal confession ( div9e in/itution1 #cdf1 et seq4 ,sacram5ts & pray]s are means ( grace1 #bfe2 def9$1 #bfe2 con/itu5t elem5ts1 #bfe2 sev51 in/itut$ by ,*ri/1 #bff4 ,sacr$ images--advantages1 #bjd1 et seq42 & ! ,re=m]s1 #aih2 & ! c\ncil ( ,tr5t1 #aih1 et seq4 ,sacrifices1 def9$1 #cjg2 (f]$ by all peoples1 #cjg2 e>ly1 #cjg1 et seq42 v>i\s1 9 ,old ,law1 #cag4 ,/4 ,alphonsus1 a di/+ui%$ re=m]1 #bg4 ,/4 ,ambrose describes ,m>y's life1 #aid2 confronts ! ,emp]or ,!odosius1 ! ,great1 #bcb2 on ! sev5fold gifts ( ! ,holy ,gho/1 #bhd4 ,/4 ,a?anasius appeals to ,pope ,julius ,i aga9/ a ,decree ( ! ,ea/]n ,bi%ops1 #aaa4 ,/4 ,augu/9e quot$ ab\t tru?1 #ab2 on false claims to ,ca?olicity1 #cc2 on ,apo/olicity1 #di1 #ef2 describes confirmation1 #bhb2 on ,*rism o9tm5t1 #bhe2 on secret confession1 #cfj4 ,/4 ,basil ( ,cs]ea has rec\rse to ,pope ,damasus1 #aaa4 ,/4 ,b>?olomew's ,day--massacre1 #bei2 *ur* n int]e/$ 91 #bei2 facts /at$1 #bei1 et seq4 ,/4 ,b]n>d releas$ ,jews f religi\s p]secution1 #bbh4 ,/4 ,*>les ,borromeo1 ! re=m]1 #bg4 ,/4 ,cyril appeals to ,pope ,cele/9e1 #aaa4 ,/4 ,francis de ,sales' writ+s recomm5d$1 #bj4 ,/4 ,hil>y ( ,arles & papal supremacy1 #aaa4 ,/4 ,ignatius ,loyola1 conspicu\s re=m]1 #bg4 ,/4 ,ir5u be>s witness to ! spread ( ,*ri/ianity1 #ca4 ,/4 ,j]ome's edition ( ! ,scriptures1 #ia2 edits ! vulgate1 #ia4 ,/4 ,john ,*ryso/om appeals to ,pope ,innoc5t ,i1 #aaa4 ,/4 ,ju/91 m>tyr1 witness ( ,ca?olicity 9 second c5tury1 #ca4 ,/4 ,paul invokes int]cession ( ! ,ephesians1 #aeh2 te/imony on ! ,holy ,eu*>i/1 #bie2 grant$ indulg5ces1 #cgf2 prohibit$ divorce1 #dac4 ,/4 ,pet]'s primacy1 #ie2 fir/ bi%op ( ,rome1 #ajf2 resid5ce 9 ,rome prov$1 #ajg2 supremacy h&$ d[n1 #ajh2 ,oracle ( ! ,apo/les1 #abf1 et seq4 ,/4 ,philip ,n]i1 apo/le ( mod]n ,rome1 #bg4 ,/4 ,v9c5t ( ,l]9s on doctr9e & practice1 #ae4 ,sa9ts--_m among laity1 #bc4 ,sanctity--examples witness$1 #bc4 ,sanh$rim settl$ disputes = ! ,jews1 #gg2 expla9$ ,bible1 #gg4 ,sc&als d n invalidate ,*ur*'s claims to sanctify1 #bf4 ,s*ism & h]esy oppose unity1 #e2 s*ism def9$1 #e4 ,s*ismatic ,*ur*es h no claims to ,ca?olicity1 #cb4 ,scripture1 ,holy1 depository (1 ,god's ,^w1 #gg2 no l9e (1 writt5 by ,*ri/1 #hj2 does n conta9 all tru?1 #hi2 alone1 n suffici5t guide & rule ( fai?1 #hi2 p]petuat$ by ! ,*ur*1 #ia1 et seq42 ,/4 ,j]ome translates1 #ia4 ,sects--conflict+ 9 ,nor? ,c>ol9a1 #i2 ,prote/ant d n possess unity1 #i4 ,sign ( ! ,cross--anci5t & pi\s practice1 #c2 h[ made1 #c2 ,t]tullian quot$ on1 #c2 taught by tradition1 #c2 pr(ession ( fai?1 #c2 salut>y act ( religion1 #c4 ,signs foll[+ confirmation1 #ag4 ,s9 includes guilt & puni%m5t1 #cge2 orig9al--all m5 born 91 #bfg2 ,mo/ ,bless$ ,virg9 alone except$1 #bfg4 ,smi?field & ,tyburn comp>$1 #bfd4 ,socrates quot$ on papal supremacy1 #aaa4 ,solomon & ,judas z w>n+s1 #ai4 ,spa9--condition (1 dur+ ! ,inquisition1 #bee4 ,spani% ,inquisition--cruelties1 #bdh2 ,llor5te1 hi/orian1 #bec2 excesses disav[$ by ! ,*ur*1 #beh4 ,spiritual ,combat recomm5d$1 #bj4 ,supremacy ( ,/4 ,pet]--,popes succe$ to1 #ajh2 ,socrates quot$ on1 #aaa2 & ,primacy simil>ly demon/rat$1 #aji4 ,supreme ,c\rt proc$ure & ,*ur* practice comp>$1 #acj4 ,supreme ,head ( ! ,*ur* ma9ta9s unity1 #ih2 e/abli%$ by ,*ri/1 #ih2 is comm&]-9-*ief ( ! ,*ur*1 #aag4 ,tea*]s--con/itut$1 to be obey$1 #gi4 ,tea*+ ( ,*ri/ v]sus ,book ( ,homilies1 #fg1 et seq4 ,tea*+ ( ,apo/les infallible1 #fe4 ,tea*+ ( ! ,*ur* guid$ by ! ,holy ,gho/1 #fe4 ,temporal p[]--end & aim1 #add2 n necess>y to ,*ur*'s pres]vation1 #eh4 ,t5nyson's ,sir ,belvid]e asks pray]s = 8 s\l1 #bbe4 ,te/am5t1 ,old--tea*es exi/5ce ( ,purgatory1 #baa1 et seq4 ,te/imony ( ,/4 ,paul on ! ,holy ,eu*>i/1 #bie4 ,t]tullian be>s witness to ! spread ( ,*ri/ianity1 #ca2 treats ( ! ,apo/olicity ( ! ,*ur*1 #di4 ,tetzel1 ,john1 accus$ by ,lu!r1 #chb4 ,!odoret appeals to ,/4 ,leo1 ,pope1 #aab4 ,!odosius ! ,great confront$ by ,/4 ,ambrose1 #bcb4 ,?omas ,arundel prais$ ,que5 ,anne1 #ib4 ,titles ( ! ,ca?olic prie/1 #cia4 ,tobias1 ,"y1 & ! ,ar*angel ,raphael1 #aee4 ,tol]ation1 ,religi\s1 9 ,m>yl&1 #bcd1 et seq4 ,transub/antiation a my/]y1 #bib4 ,triumphs ( ! ,*ur* accord+ to ,gibbon1 #ec4 ,tr5t1 ,c\ncil (--great re=matory tribunal1 #bg2 on sacr$ images1 #aih1 et seq42 ass]ts doctr9e ( ,purgatory1 #baj4 ,tru? un*angeable1 #ab4 ,tyburn & ,smi?field comp>$1 #bfd4 ,tyndall on debt ( sci5ce to ! ,*ur*1 #fj4 ,unity ( ! ,*ur*1 #e2 h]esy & s*ism oppos$ to1 #e2 requir$ by ,jesus ,*ri/1 #e2 ( fai? requir$1 #e2 ,jesus ,*ri/ prays = x1 #e2 pray] ( ,*ri/ =1 #e2 an evid5ce ( ,*ri/'s mission1 #e2 9 gov]nm5t x is ess5tial1 #f2 n f\nd 9 ,prote/ant sects1 #i2 f\nd 9 ,ca?olic ,*ur* alone1 #aj2 ,ca?olic1 9 :at x consi/s1 #aj2 ( gov]nm5t & fai?1 #aa2 safegu>d ( gov]nm5t1 #aa2 ( fai? n impair$ by new doctr9al def9itions1 #aa2 ( ! ,*ur* ma9ta9$ by supreme head1 #ih2 ,*ri/ian1 endors$1 #aai2 implies recognition ( pope's head%ip1 #aai4 ,unbaptiz$ ,infants--,*ur*'s tea*+ reg>d+1 #bgc4 ,validity ( ! ,pope's title to ! papal /ates1 #ada4 ,v>iation 9 ,biblical int]pretation1 #hg4 ,vatican ,c\ncil assembl$ f all nations1 #ccb2 ,ecum5ical1 #cd2 all c\ntries repres5t$1 #cd2 all sy/ems repres5t$1 #cd4 ,v5]ation ( images1 #aif4 ,ve/m5ts--_! mean+1 #cce2 _! colors symbolical1 #ccg4 ,vic> ( ,*ri/ is ! ,pope1 #abi4 ,victim 9 ! ,mass is ,jesus ,*ri/1 #cag4 ,victor ,emmanuel1 ! mod]n ,a*ab1 #add4 ,virg9s1 ,consecrat$--,apo/olate ( ,si/]hoods1 #bc4 ,virg9s especially honor$ by ,*ri/1 #djj4 ,virg9ity1 ,p]petual--( ,m>y1 combat$ by ,prote/ants1 #afi1 et seq4 ,voltaire be>s te/imony to ! good use ( ,*ur* temporalities1 #ach4 ,vulgate--edit$ by ,/4 ,j]ome1 #ia4 ,w>f>e on ,*ur*--=eign & dome/ic1 #ea4 ,wa%+ton & ,/4 ,pet] comp>$1 #ajh4 ,wa%+ton's ,address to ! ,ca?olics1 #bda4 ,wesley1 ,john1 f\nds ,me?odi/ ,*ur*1 #dd4 ,we/m9/] ,abbey has _m /atues ( h]oes1 #bja4 ,wordswor? on 8,"m's ,love & ,maid5 ,purity10 #afh1 #ahj2 tribute to ,m>y1 #age4 ,,footnotes #a ,dryd51 ,h9d & ,pan!r4 #b ,matt4 xvi4 #bf4 #c ,,ii4 ,cor4 iv4 #ag4 #d ,rom4 ix4 #e4 #e ,a?anasian ,cre$4 #f ,matt4 xi4 #g ,acts iv4 #ab4 #h ,isaiah liii4 #e4 #i ,luke ix4 #bc4 #aj ,,ii4 ,cor4 iv4 #aj4 #aa ,gal4 vi4 #ad4 #ab ,de ,corona1 ,c4 iii4 #ac ,m>k xvi4 #ae4 #ad ,luke x4 #af4 #ae ,symb4 ,con/ant9op4 #af ,john xvii4 #bj1 #ba4 #ag ,gal4 v4 #bj1 #ba4 #ah ,ephes4 iv4 #c-f4 #ai ,matt4 xvi4 #ah4 #bj ,luke i4 #cb1 #cc4 #ba ,matt4 xii4 #be4 #bb ,john x4 #af4 #bc ,rom4 xii4 #d1 #e4 #bd ,john xv4 #e4 #be ,apoc4 xxi4 #i4 #bf ,i4 ,cor4 xiv4 #cc4 #bg ,job xxxviii4 #aa4 #bh ,heb4 xiii4 #h4 #bi ,de ,civitate ,dei1 ,lib4 #af1 ,cap4 ii41 ,no4 #a4 #cj ,i4 ,pet4 ii4 #i4 #ca ,heb4 i4 #c4 #cb ,exod4 xxv4 #dj4 #cc ,lev4 xix4 #b4 #cd ,matt4 v4 #dh4 #ce ,eph4 v4 #a4 #cf ,ephes4 iv4 #aa1 #ac4 #cg ,deut4 vi4 #f1 #g4 #ch ,apoc4 iii4 #g4 #ci ,matt4 xvi4 #bf4 #dj ,gal4 iii4 #bg4 #da ,eph4 v4 #be-bg4 #db ,heb4 xi4 #cg4 #dc ,coloss4 iii4 #c4 #dd ,i4 ,tim4 i4 #ae4 #de ,matt4 xi4 #e4 #df ,matt4 xiii4 #bd-cg4 #dg ,ibid4 xiii4 #dg4 #dh ,,ii4 ,tim4 ii4 #bj4 #di ,dial4 contra ,lucif4 #ej ,hom4 #ab1 9 ,evang4 #ea ,9 ,ps4 viii41 ii4 #ac4 #eb ,cant4 vi4 #i4 #ec ,i4 ,cor4 i4 #ed ,i4 ,cor4 v4 #ee ,lu!r1 ,zu+lius1 & ,knox _h be5 orda9$ prie/s4 ,calv9 _h /udi$ = ! prie/hood1 b did n receive ,ord]s4 #ef ,ps4 xii4 #eg ,mal4 i4 #aa4 #eh ,matt4 xxviii4 #ai4 #ei ,m>k xvi4 #ae4 #fj ,acts i4 #h4 #fa ,rom4 x4 #ah4 #fb ,rom4 i4 #ah4 #fc ,adv4 ,hr41 i4 #a4 #fd ,apologet4 c4 #cg4 #fe ,/4 ,aug4 de ,v]4 ,rel41 c4 #g4 n4 #ab4 #ff ,does n ?is fact conclusively demon/rate ! tru? t ! ,ca?olic ,*ur* c subsi/ "u e =m ( gov]nm5t8 ,& is x n an eloqu5t refutation ( ! (t repeat$ calumny t a republic is n a favorable soil = h] developm5t8 #fg ,apoc4 v4 #i4 #fh ,mala*y i4 #aa4 #fi ,ps4 lxxxiii4 #gj ,eph4 ii4 #bj4 #ga ,gal4 i4 #h4 #gb ,,ii4 ,tim4 ii4 #b4 #gc ,heb4 v4 #d4 #gd ,rom4 x4 #ae4 #ge ,acts xiv4 #bb4 #gf ,tit4 i4 #e4 #gg ,acts xiii4 #b1 #c4 #gh ,matt4 xvi4 #ah4 #gi ,luke xxii4 #cb4 #hj ,john xxi4 #ae4 #ha ,!ss4 ii4 #ac4 #hb ,acts xv4 #bh4 #hc ,gal4 i4 #h4 #hd ,matt4 vi4 #ag4 #he ,acts xiii4 #b4 #hf ,acts xiv4 #bb4 #hg ,i4 ,cor4 xiv4 #cd1 #ce4 #hh ,acts viii4 #ag4 #hi ,matt4 xxvi4 #bf-bh4 #ij ,i4 ,cor4 x4 #af4 #ia ,john xx4 #bh4 #ib ,,ii4 ,cor4 v4 #ah4 #ic ,james v4 #ad4 #id ,m>k x4 #aa1 #ab4 #ie ,i4 ,cor4 vii1 #aj1 #aa4 #if ,i4 ,cor4 vii4 #ig ,hi/ory ( ! ,*ur* ( ,engl&1 by ,?omas4 ,v4 ,%ort1 ,bi%op ( ,/4 ,asaph's1 p4 #dd4 #ih ,book ( ,homilies4 #ii ,lib4 de ,prscrip41 c4 #cb4 #ajj ,psal4 contra "p ,donati4 #aja ,luke i4 #cb1 #cc4 #ajb ,matt4 xvi4 #ah4 #ajc ,matt4 xxviii4 #bj4 #ajd ,except "s ,ori5tal sects dat+ back to ! fif? & n9? c5turies4 #aje ,decl9e & ,fall ( ! ,roman ,empire1 *4 xxxvii1 p4 #dej4 #ajf ,du ,pape1 #a1 #b1 c4 #e4 #ajg ,psalm cii4 #e4 #ajh ,psalm ii4 #a-d4 #aji ,daniel1 iii4 #aaj ,tyndall1 ,/udy ( ,physics4 #aaa ,psalm ci4 #bg-bi4 #aab ,eph4 ii4 #ai1 #bj4 #aac ,matt4 xxviii4 #bj4 #aad ,see ,gal4 iv4 #ad2 #a ,!ss4 ii4 #ac4 #aae ,matt4 xvi4 #ah4 #aaf ,matt4 vii4 #bd1 et seq4 #aag ,john xx4 #ba4 #aah ,matt4 xxviii4 #ai1 #bj4 #aai ,m>k xvi4 #ae4 #abj ,acts i4 #h4 #aba ,matt4 x4 #ad1 #ae4 #abb ,matt4 xviii4 #ag4 #abc ,m>k xvi4 #af4 #abd ,luke x4 #af4 #abe ,john xiv4 #af2 xvi4 #ac4 #abf ,matt4 xxviii4 #ah-bj4 #abg ,ex4 iii4 #ab2 ,j]4 xv4 #bj1 etc4 #abh ,eph4 iv4 #aa-ad4 #abi ,heb4 xi4 #f4 #acj ,tim4 iii4 #g4 #aca ,isaiah xxxv4 #h4 #acb ,ps4 cxxxii4 #acc ,matt4 xviii4 #c4 #acd ,pet4 ii4 #b4 #ace ,deut4 xvii4 #h1 et seq4 #acf ,mal4 ii4 #g4 #acg ,matt4 xxiii4 #b1 #c4 #ach ,john v4 #ci4 #aci ,except :5 ,he direct$ ,/4 ,john to write ! ,apocalypse1 i4 #aa4 #adj ,matt4 xxviii4 #ai4 #ada ,m>k xvi4 #ae4 #adb ,luke x4 #af4 #adc ,m>k xvi4 #bj4 #add ,i4 ,tim41 ii4 #d4 #ade ,m>t9et1 ,religion 9 ,society1 ,vol4 ,,ii41 c4 #aj4 #adf ,,ii4 ,pet41 iii4 #af4 #adg ,ibid41 i4 #bj4 #adh ,acts1 viii4 #ca4 #adi ,except1 p]haps1 ,rev4 ,h4 ,w4 ,bee*]4 :o ?9ks t ,god is glorifi$ by ! v>iety ( sects4 #aej ,see ,john xxi4 #be2 ,,ii4 ,!ss4 ii4 #ad4 #aea ,,iii4 ,k+s xiv4 #ai4 #aeb ,dialog4 #c1 #ad4 #aec ,deut4 xvii4 #aed ,i4 ,cor4 x4 #aa4 #aee ,prov4 viii4 #ae4 #aef ,matt4 xvi4 #ac-ai4 #aeg ,rev4 i4 #ah4 #aeh ,john xxi4 #ae-ag4 #aei ,matt4 x4 #b2 ,m>k iii4 #af2 ,luke vi4 #ad2 ,acts i4 #ad4 #afj ,acts iii4 #afa ,acts ii4 #afb ,acts x4 #afc ,acts i4 #afd ,acts xv4 #afe ,acts xii4 #aff ,gal4 ii4 #aa4 #afg ,gal4 i4 #ah4 #afh ,socrates' ,ecclesia/ical ,hi/ory1 ,b4 ,,ii41 c4 xv4 #afi ,epi/4 #aac4 #agj ,see ,butl]'s ,lives ( ! ,sa9ts--,/4 ,olave1 ,july #bi?4 #aga ,ps4 lii4 #agb ,g54 xi4 #d4 #agc ,numb4 xxiv4 #e4 #agd ,conc4 ,vat4 ,con/4 ,pa/or t]nus1 c4 #d4 #age ,conc4 ,vat4 ,con/4 ,dei ,filius1 cap4 #d2 ,coloss4 ii4 #h4 #agf ,matt4 xvi4 #agg ,matt4 xvi4 #agh ,ibid4 #agi ,luke xxii4 #ca1 #cb4 #ahj ,john xxi4 #af1 #ag4 #aha ,matt4 viii4 #bj4 #ahb ,acts iv4 #cd1 #ce4 #ahc ,sometimes call$ ,/eph5 ,,ii41 z ,/eph51 8 pr$ecessor1 di$ ?ree days aft] 8 election1 ^: "n is omitt$ 9 "s cal5d>s4 #ahd ,,iii4 ,k+s xxi4 #c4 #ahe ,,ii4 ,k+s xii4 #ahf ,i d>e say y c\ld h f\nd1 a few ye>s s9ce1 "s p]sons 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates :o ent]ta9$ a holy fe> le/ ! ,pope %\ld "o morn+ l& ^u our %ores1 & take =cible possession ( our c\ntry4 ,a v5]able cl]gyman once in=m$ me t :5 he w5t to pay 8 respects to ,presid5t ,pi]ce1 :o !n occupi$ ! ,:ite ,h\se1 8 ,excell5cy rem>k$ to him3 8,i _h a visit f a n]v\s g5tleman1 :o ask$ me :e!r ,i 0 mak+ any prep>ations to resi/ ! approa* ( ! ,pope4 ,i repli$ t s f> ,i _h tak5 no /eps1 b t no d\bt ,i w\ld be prep>$ to meet ! enemy :5 he arriv$4 ,! man retir$ m compos$1 ?\gh n fully satisfi$40 #ahg ,"s ( ! evils t 7 pr$ict$ to foll[ f ! occupation ( ,rome by a =eign p[] h be5 too spe$ily realiz$4 ,already sev]al conv5ts & o!r ecclesia/ical in/itutions h be5 seiz$ & sold1 & _! inmates s5t adrift4 ,a numb] ( colleges f\nd$ & end[$ by ! piety ( =eign ,ca?olics h be5 confiscat$4 ,public religi\s processions ?r\gh ! /reets ( ,rome h be5 prohibit$4 ,^! & o!r outrages are p]petrat$ by a gov]nm5t :i* solemnly pl$g$ itself to ma9ta9 inviolate ! sov]eign rights ( ! ,holy ,fa!r :5 x took =cible possession ( 8 city 9 #ahgj4 ,f ! ev5ts t h already transpir$1 we %all n be surpris$ to see ! ,pope /ill m s]i\sly hamp]$ by a mon>* :o has unscrupul\sly violat$ 8 =m] gu>antees4 #ahh ,memoir ( ,pope ,sixtus ,v41 by ,b>on ,hbn]1 ,vol4 ,,ii41 *4 #a4 #ahi ,:5 ^! l9es 7 writt51 ,pius ,,ix4 0 ! reign+ ,pontiff4 ,he di$ ,febru>y #g1 #ahgh4 #aij ,"s "t ago1 my att5tion 0 call$ to a c]ta9 excommunication or 8curse10 !n widely circulat$ by ! press ( ,nor? ,c>ol9a4 ,! 8curse0 is attribut$ to ! ,holy ,fa!r1 & is fulm9at$ aga9/ ,victor ,emmanuel4 ,9 ?is ana!ma1 curs+ & damn+ are heap$ up 9 wild confusion4 ,:5 ?is base =g]y appe>$1 an article expos+ ! falsehood ( ! production 0 publi%$4 ,we fe>1 h[ev]1 t _m :o read ! sl&]\s *>ge did n read its refutation4 #aia ,matt4 xvi4 #ah4 #aib ,i4 ,cor4 xiii4 #ab4 #aic ,g54 xlviii4 #af4 #aid ,tobias xii4 #ab4 #aie ,luke xv4 #aj4 #aif ,i4 ,cor4 iv4 #i4 #aig ,matt4 xxii4 #cj4 #aih ,g54 xxviii4 #aii ,exod4 xvii4 #bjj ,b>u* i4 #ac4 #bja ,job xlii4 #bjb ,ibid4 #bjc ,,ii4 ,p>alip4 vii4 #ae4 #bjd ,,ii4 ,mac4 xv4 #ad4 #bje ,revel4 v4 #h4 #bjf ,za*4 i4 #ab1 #ac4 #bjg ,i4 ,tim4 ii4 #e4 #bjh ,c\ncil ( ,tr5t1 ,sess4 xxv4 #bji ,prov4 xv4 #bj4 #baj ,luke vi4 #ai4 #baa ,matt4 ix4 #bj4 #bab ,exod4 iv4 #ab4 #bac ,j]4 i4 #e4 #bad ,luke i4 #da4 #bae ,ibid4 i4 #ae4 #baf ,john v4 #ce4 #bag ,acts ii4 #bah ,,ii ,cor4 iii4 #f4 #bai ,acts iii4 #ae4 #bbj ,isaiah iii4 #aa4 #bba ,luke i4 #bf1 #bg4 #bbb ,matt4 i4 #be4 #bbc ,matt4 i4 #be4 #bbd ,book ,v41 *4 xlv4 #bbe ,g54 viii4 #g4 #bbf ,k+s xv4 #ce4 #bbg ,ps4 cix4 #bbh ,josue xvii4 #a4 #bbi ,matt4 xii4 #df2 xiii4 #ee1 #ef4 #bcj ,ibid4 #bca ,matt xxvii42 ,m>k xv4 #bcb ,john xix4 #be4 #bcc ,g54 xiii4 #h4 #bcd ,bulla ,dogmat4 ,pii ,pap ,,ix4 #bce ,ibid4 #bcf ,g54 iii4 #ae4 #bcg ,i4 ,cor4 xv4 #de4 #bch ,biblio!ca ,max4 ,patrum1 t4 #b1 p4 #c4 #bci ,de sac4 ord9at41 p4 #cac4 #bdj ,r5audot4 ,lit4 ,ori5t4 #bda ,luke i4 #bf-ce4 #bdb ,i4 ,cor4 xv4 #da4 #bdc ,/4 ,b]n>d4 #bdd ,judges1 v4 #bde ,judi?1 xiii4 #bdf ,luke i4 #ci-de4 #bdg ,luke i4 #df-dh4 #bdh ,oliv] ,w4 ,holmes4 #bdi ,luke xi4 #bg4 #bej ,e/h] vi4 #aa4 #bea ,ps4 cxxxviii4 7,9 ,prote/ant v]sion1 ,ps4 cxxxix47 #beb ,john xv4 #ad4 #bec ,john xii4 #bf4 #bed ,ps4 lxxxvi4 #bee ,judi? xiii4 #bef ,eccles4 xliii4 et seq4 #beg ,luke i4 #beh ,ibid4 #bei ,luke i4 #di4 #bfj ,g54 xlviii4 #af2 ,tobias xii4 #ab2 ,luke xv4 #aj2 ,za*4 i4 #ab1 #ac4 #bfa ,acts vii4 #ee4 #bfb ,,ii4 ,cor4 xii4 #d4 #bfc ,luke ii4 #ea4 #bfd ,longfell['s 8,gold5 ,leg5d40 #bfe ,isaiah xlix4 #ae4 #bff ,heb4 ii #aa4 #bfg ,luke xv4 #g4 #bfh ,luke xxii4 #bi1 #cj4 #bfi ,i4 ,cor4 vi4 #bgj ,longfell['s 8,gold5 ,leg5d40 #bga ,luke ii4 #ea4 #bgb ,heb4 i4 #c4 #bgc ,rom4 viii4 #bi4 #bgd ,sess4 xxv4 #bge ,*ap4 xx4 #bgf ,apoc4 xxi4 #bgg ,,iii4 ,k+s vi4 #bgh ,,ii4 ,k+s vii4 #b4 #bgi ,at ! ,wa%+ton & ,lee ,univ]sity1 ,lex+ton1 ,va41 9 ! sanctu>y ( ! *apel1 ! portrait ( an opul5t b5efactor holds a conspicu\s place4 #bhj ,exod4 xxv4 #dj4 #bha ,sess4 xxv4 #bhb ,,ii4 ,ma*4 xii4 #dc-df4 #bhc ,matt4 xii4 #cb4 #bhd ,i4 ,cor4 iii4 #ac-ae4 #bhe ,de ,monogam41 n4 x4 #bhf ,euseb41 ,b4 iv41 c4 #ga4 #bhg ,cate*41 n4 #i1 #aj1 p4 #cbh4 #bhh ,apud ,fai? ( ,ca?olics1 ,vol4 ,,iii41 p4 #afb & seq4 #bhi ,see ,fai? ( ,ca?olics1 ,vol4 ,,iii41 p4 #agf4 #bij ,ibid41 p4 #agg4 #bia ,ibid41 ,vol4 ,,ii4 #bib ,confessions1 ,book ix4 #bic ,jewi% ,pray] ,book4 ,edit$ by ,isaac ,lees]1 publi%$ by ,slote ,mooney1 ,philadelphia4 #bid ,act4 ,i4 #bie ,see ,pa? ( ,hol9ess1 ,riv+ton's1 ,london4 ,treasury ( ,devotion1 ,ibid4 ,cate*ism ( ,!ology1 ,ma/51 ,london4 #bif ,m>k xii4 #bf1 #bg4 #big ,apoc4 xxi4 #bg4 #bih ,morte ,d',ar?ur4 #bii ,eccles4 xi4 #a4 #cjj ,vie de ,f5elon4 #cja ,becanus1 de ,virtutibus ,!ologicis1 c4 #af1 qu/4 #d1 ,no4 #b4 #cjb ,dr4 ,br[nson1 :o 0 !n a ,prote/ant4 #cjc ,bancr(t's 8,hi/ory ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates10 ,vol4 ,i41 *4 vii4 #bj? ,edition1 #ahfd4 #cjd ,bancr(t's 8,hi/ory ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates10 ,vol4 ,i41 *4 vii4 #cje ,bancr(t's 8,hi/ory ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates10 ,vol4 ,i41 *4 vii4 ,vide ,bacon's ,laws4 #cjf ,ibid4 #cjg ,bancr(t's 8,hi/ory ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates10 ,vol4 ,i41 *4 vii4 ,vide ,bacon's ,laws4 #cjh ,bo/on1 ,h\ghton1 ,miffl9 ,co41 #ahhd4 #cji ,ibid41 ,*apt] iii4 #caj ,ibid41 ,*ap4 v4 #caa ,ibid41 ,*ap4 xi4 #cab ,ibid4 ,*ap4 xi4 #cac ,james ,walt] ,?omas4 #cad ,! orig9al ( ,wa%+ton's reply is /ill pres]v$ 9 ! ,ar*ives ( ! ,baltimore ,ca!dral4 #cae ,ps4 ii4 #caf ,,ii4 ,tim4 ii4 #i4 #cag ,,ii4 ,tim4 iv4 #b4 #cah 8,f]d9& & ,isabella10 ,vol4 ,,iii41 p4 #bjb4 #cai ,blue ,laws4 #cbj ,= an imp>tial acc\nt ( ! ,inquisition1 ! read] is ref]r$ to ! 8,lett]s on ! ,spani% ,inquisition10 by ! ,c\nt de ,mai/re4 #cba 8,! ,ottoman & ,spani% ,empires10 by ,leopold ,ranke4 #cbb ,con/itutional ,hi/ory2 ,elizabe?1 ,*ap4 ,,iii4 #cbc ,see ,l+>d1 ,vol4 ,,vii41 pp4 #bdd-e4 #cbd ,macaulay's ,essays1 8,review ( ,n>es' ,memoirs ( ,"l ,burleigh40 #cbe ,,ii4 ,cor4 iii4 #e4 #cbf ,phil4 ii4 #ac4 #cbg ,john xv4 #e4 #cbh ,acts ii4 #ch4 #cbi ,matt4 xxviii4 #ai4 #ccj ,see ,wisdom ii4 #bc4 #cca ,rom4 v4 #ab4 #ccb ,eph4 ii4 #c4 #ccc ,job xiv4 #d4 #ccd ,ps4 l4 #g4 #cce ,g54 iii4 #ae4 #ccf ,gal4 iv4 #d1 #e4 #ccg ,john iii4 #e4 #cch ,acts xvi4 #ae4 #cci ,ibid4 xvi4 #cc4 #cdj ,i4 ,cor4 i4 #af4 #cda ,lib4 ,,ii4 adr4 ,hr4 #cdb ,9 ,ep4 ad ,rom4 #cdc ,epis4 ad ,fidum4 #cdd ,apoc4 xxi4 #bg4 #cde ,rom4 xi4 #cc1 #cd4 #cdf ,eze*4 xxxvi4 #be1 #bf4 #cdg ,acts ii4 #ch4 #cdh ,ibid4 xxii4 #af4 #cdi ,gal4 iii4 #bf1 #bg4 #cej ,i4 ,cor4 vi4 #aa4 #cea ,tit4 iii4 #c-g4 #ceb ,john v4 #cec ,acts ii4 #da4 #ced ,acts viii4 #ad-ag4 #cee ,acts xix4 #e1 #f4 #cef ,heb4 vi4 #a1 #b4 #ceg ,,ii4 ,cor4 i4 #ba4 #ceh ,tract ,,vi4 9 ,ep4 ,joan4 #cei ,de ,resur4 c>4 #cfj ,epi/4 lxxiii4 #cfa ,cat4 xxi4 ,mys4 iii4 ,de ,s4 ,*rism4 #cfb ,de ,my/4 cvii4 n4 #db4 #cfc ,dial4 adv4 ,lucif]4 #cfd ,l4 ,,ii41 contra lit4 ,petil4 #cfe ,roman ,pontifical4 #cff ,,ii4 ,cor4 x4 #e4 #cfg ,john vi4 #dh-ef4 #cfh ,john vi4 #fa4 #cfi ,ibid4 vi4 #fg4 #cgj ,john iii4 #cga ,matt4 xvi4 #cgb ,john vi4 #fh1 #fi4 #cgc ,matt4 xxvi4 #bf-bh4 #cgd ,luke xxii4 #ai4 #cge ,i4 ,cor4 x4 #af1 & xi4 #bc-bi4 #cgf ,see 8,fai? ( ,ca?olics40 ,vol4 ,,ii4 #cgg ,john vi4 #ea1 & seq4 #cgh ,rom4 vi4 #i4 #cgi ,i4 ,cor4 xi4 #bg4 #chj ,aug4 ,de consec4 di/4 #cha ,de =mula ,miss4 #chb ,sy/ema ,!ol41 p4 #bej4 #chc ,acts ii4 #db4 #chd ,ibid4 xx4 #g4 #che ,alzog's ,hi/41 ,vol4 ,i41 p4 #gba4 #chf ,d5zig]1 ,rit4 ,ori5tales4 #chg ,:ile ,prote/ants consid] ! cup z an indisp5sable "p ( ! communion s]vice1 !y d n seem1 9 _m in/ances1 to be v p>ticul> z to :at ! cup w conta94 ,& ! ,new ,york ,indep5d5t1 ( ,septemb] #ba1 #ahgf1 relates ! foll[+ incid5t3 8,a late ,engli% travel] f\nd a ,bapti/ mission *ur*1 9 f>-(f ,burmah1 us+ = ! communion s]vice ,bass's pale ale in/ead ( w9e4 ,! op5+ ( ! fro?+ bottle on ! communion table seem$ n q decor\s to ! visitor1 :o pres5t$ ! pa/or ) a half-doz5 bottles ( cl>et = sacram5tal use40 #chh ,g54 iv4 #chi ,g54 viii4 #cij ,ibid4 xv4 #cia ,job4 i4 #cib ,numb4 xxviii4 #cic ,,ii4 ,mac4 xii4 #dc-df4 #cid ,heb4 x4 #d1 #g4 #cie ,isaiah i4 #aa-ac4 #cif ,mal4 i4 #aj1 #aa4 #cig ,i4 ,cor4 xi4 #bc-bf4 #cih ,heb4 xiii4 #aj4 #cii ,ibid4 vii4 #ab4 #djj ,ps4 cix4 #d2 ,heb4 v4 #f4 #dja ,g54 xiv4 #ah4 #djb ,heb4 ix4 #be4 #djc ,ibid4 x4 #aa1 #ab4 #djd ,i4 ,john ii4 #a1 #b4 #dje ,heb4 ix4 #ac1 #ad4 #djf ,heb4 iv4 #af4 #djg ,john iv4 #bc1 #bd4 #djh ,dan4 iii4 #fb1 #fc4 ,?\gh ?is passage is omitt$ 9 ! ,prote/ant ,bible1 x is reta9$ 9 ! ,book ( ,common ,pray]4 #dji ,psalm4 xviii4 #a4 #daj ,rom4 xii4 #a4 #daa ,matt4 xxvi4 #dab ,ibid4 xxi4 #dac ,ibid4 xxvi4 #dad ,m>k vii4 #dae ,john xx4 #daf ,acts viii4 #dag ,james v4 #dah ,apocalypse1 passim4 #dai ,,ii4 ,cor4 iii4 #i4 #dbj ,isaiah xxix4 #ac4 #dba ,ibid4 i4 #gb4 #dbb ,ps4 cl4 #dbc ,joel ii4 #ac4 #dbd ,ibid4 ii4 #ae-ag4 #dbe ,i4 ,cor4 xiii4 #dbf ,phil4 ii4 #aj4 #dbg ,i4 ,tim4 iv4 #d4 #dbh ,exod4 xxv4 #ca1 & seq4 #dbi ,ps4 cxl4 #dcj ,exod4 xxx4 #g4 #dca ,luke i4 #i1 #aj4 #dcb ,john xii4 #f4 #dcc ,exod4 xxviii4 #d4 #dcd ,apoc4 vii4 #i1 #aj4 #dce ,matt4 i4 #ba4 #dcf ,matt4 ix4 #b4 #dcg ,john v4 #ad4 #dch ,,ii4 ,cor4 v4 #ah-bj4 #dci ,matt4 xvi4 #ah1 #ai4 #ddj ,matt4 xviii4 #ah4 #dda ,john xx4 #ba-bc4 #ddb ,isaiah i4 #ah4 #ddc ,acts xix4 #ah4 #ddd ,i4 ,john i4 #i4 #dde ,9 ,reg4 ,brev41 qu/1 ccxxix41 ,t4 ,,ii41 p4 #dib4 #ddf ,ibid41 cclxxxviii41 p4 #eaf4 #ddg ,see ,fai? ( ,ca?olics1 ,vol4 ,,iii41 p4 #gd & seq4 #ddh ,apud ,wiseman's ,doctr9es ( ! ,*ur*4 #ddi ,hom4 xx4 #dej ,s]mo cccxcii4 #dea ,tom4 vii4 ,comm4 9 ,matt4 #deb ,lib4 iii41 ,de ,sac]dotio4 #dec ,ibid41 ,hom4 xx4 #ded ,comm5t 9 ,eccles4 #dee ,comm4 9 ,matt4 #def ,lib4 de ,capt4 ,babyl4 cap de ,pnit4 #deg ,see 8,a ,cate*ism on ! ,*ur*40 ,by ! ,rev4 ,c4 ,s4 ,grueb]1 ,hambridge1 ,diocese ( ,ba? & ,wells4 ,london3 ,palm]1 #ahgj4 #deh ,! ,prote/ant ,episcopal ,bi%op ( ,nor? ,c>ol9a4 #dei ,ps4 cxxxii4 #dfj ,! ,ord]+ ( ,prie/s4 #dfa ,m>k ii4 #g4 #dfb ,matt4 ix4 #h4 #dfc ,john xx4 #dfd ,,iv4 ,k+s v4 #dfe ,sy/ema ,!ol4 #dff ,rem>ques sur l',olympe4 #dfg ,emile4 #dfh ,heb4 v4 #b4 #dfi ,luke xv4 #cb4 #dgj ,num4 xii4 #dga ,,ii4 ,k+s xii4 #dgb ,matt4 xvi4 #ai4 #dgc ,ibid41 xviii4 #ah4 #dgd ,i4 ,cor4 v4 #e4 #dge ,,ii4 ,cor4 ii4 #f-aj4 #dgf ,articuli pro ,cl]o1 ,a4,d4 #aehd4 ,sp>r[1 #aid4 ,i admit1 inde$1 t ,prote/ant canons h b a fleet+ & ephem]al au?ority ev5 among !mselves1 & t ! canons mu/ yield to ! _s ( ! times1 n ! times to ! canons4 ,i d>e say t ev5 few ,prote/ant !ologians are famili> ) ! canons to :i* ,i h ref]r$4 ,"s p h a conv5i5t faculty ( =gett+ unpleasant traditions4 #dgg ,vol4 ,i4 p4 #bad4 #dgh ,ibid4 #dgi ,byron4 #dhj ,daniel iv4 #bd4 #dha ,acts x4 #ca4 #dhb ,sess4 xxv4 ,dec4 de ,indulg5tia4 #dhc ,james v4 #ad1 #ae4 #dhd ,homil4 ii4 9 ,levit4 #dhe ,lib4 iii4 de ,sacr$4 #dhf ,epi/4 xxv4 ad ,dec5tum4 #dhg ,comm5t 9 locum4 #dhh ,sy/ema ,!ol41 p4 #bhj4 #dhi ,lib4 de ,captiv4 ,babyl4 #dij ,,ii4 ,cor4 v4 #bj4 #dia ,john xx4 #ba4 #dib ,matt4 xxviii4 #ai1 #bj4 #dic ,m>k xvi4 #ae4 #did ,matt4 x4 #ad1 #ae4 #die ,luke x4 #af4 #dif ,p>alip1 xvi4 #bb4 #dig ,john xv4 #ae4 #dih ,isaiah lii4 #g4 #dii ,i4 ,cor4 iv4 #a4 #ejj ,james v4 #ad4 #eja ,i4 ,cor4 iv4 #ae4 #ejb ,apoc4 xxi4 #b4 #ejc ,eph4 iv4 #aa1 #ab4 #ejd ,ps4 cxlvii4 #bj4 #eje ,matt4 xix4 #bg-bi4 #ejf ,luke x4 #ah1 #bj4 #ejg ,wisd4 vi4 #f4 #ejh ,i4 ,pet4 iv4 #ag4 #eji ,i4 ,cor4 iv4 #g4 #eaj ,cor4 iii4 #f1 #g4 #eaa ,mala*4 ii4 #g4 #eab ,osee4 iv4 #f4 #eac ,isaiah lii4 #aa4 #ead ,rom4 xii4 #a4 #eae ,matt4 xix4 #ab4 #eaf ,i4 ,cor4 vii4 #cb1 #cc4 #eag ,i4 ,cor4 vii4 #h4 #eah ,matt4 xix4 #bg4 #eai ,ibid41 xix4 #bi4 #ebj ,tit4 i4 #h4 #eba ,i4 ,tim4 iv4 #ab4 #ebb ,,ii4 ,cor4 vi4 #df4 #ebc ,ep4 ad ,pamma*4 #ebd ,adv4 ,jov941 lib4 #a4 #ebe ,adv4 ,vigilantium4 #ebf ,hres4 #ei1 c4 #d4 #ebg ,i4 ,k+s xxi4 #ebh ,exod4 xix4 #ebi ,page #bci4 #ecj ,essays1 p4 #ag4 #eca ,annals ( ! ,propagation ( ! ,fai?1 ,m>*1 #ahfh4 #ecb ,m>%all1 ,com$y ( ,convocation4 #ecc ,i4 ,cor4 ix4 #e4 #ecd ,i4 ,tim4 iii4 #b4 #ece ,i4 ,tim4 iv4 #a-c4 #ecf ,ephes4 v4 #be-cb4 #ecg ,sess4 xxiv4 #ech ,matt4 xix4 #d-f4 #eci ,matt4 xix4 #c-i4 #edj ,m>k x4 #aa1 #ab4 #eda ,luke xvi4 #ah4 #edb ,i4 ,cor4 vii4 #aj1 #aa4 #edc ,bossuet1 ,v>iations1 ,vol4 #a4 #edd ,aud91 p4 #cci4 #ede ,am]ican ,cyclop41 art ,divorce4 ,our ,savior decl>es t he :o m>rie? an adult]ess committe? adult]y4 ,yet ,lu!r & ,calv9 decl>e t x is unwise to oppose su* a m>riage4 ,b 8! fooli%ness ( ,god is wis] ?an m540 ,& ,wisdom has said3 8,i w de/roy ! wisdom ( ! wise40 7,i4 ,cor4 i47