by ,! ,k5tuckiana ,digital ,libr>y7     
,a   ,,new ,,guide ,,= ,,emigrants      
,,to ,,!   ,,we/1   ,,conta9+ ,,sket*es 
,,(   ,,ohio1 ,,indiana1 ,,ill9ois1     
,,miss\ri1 ,,mi*igan1 ,,)  ,,!          
,,t]ritories ,,( ,,wiscons9 ,,&         
,,arkansas1  ,,& ,,! ,,adjac5t ,,p>ts4  
,,by ,j4 ,m4 ,,peck1 ,a4 ,m4   ,,(      
,,rock ,,spr+1 ,,ill      ,,bo/on3      
,,g\ld1 ,,k5dall  ,,l9coln4   ,,= ,,sale
 ,,by ,,! ,,booksell]s ,,9 ,,! ,,unit$  
,,/ates4   #ahcf4      ,ent]$ accord+ to
 ,act ( ,congress1 9 ! ye> #ahcf1  ,by  
,,g\ld1 ,,k5dall  ,,l9coln1  ,9 !       
,cl]k's ,(fice ( ! ,di/rict ,c\rt (     
,massa*usetts4     ,,index4    ,,*ap4   
,i4   ,,g5]al ,,view ,,( ,,! ,,valley   
,,( ,,! ,,mississippi4                  
,ext5t--,subdivisions--,population--,phy
sical ,features--,animal1  ,vegetable & 
,m9]al                                  
,productions--,hi/ory--,prospective     
,increase ( ,population1                
#aa    ,,*ap4 ,,ii4   ,,g5]al ,,view1   
,c41 ,,cont9u$4   ,productions1         

#cb    ,,*ap4 ,,iii4   ,,climate4       
,comp>ative ,view ( ! ,climate ) !      
,atlantic  ,/ates--,diseases--,means (  
,pres]v+ ,heal?1                        
#cg    ,,*ap4 ,,iv4   ,,"*1 ,,mann]s ,,&
 ,,pursuits ,,( ,,! ,,p4   ,cotton &    
,sug> ,plant]s--,f>m]s--,population (  !
 l>ge ,t[ns & ,cities--,fronti]         
,class--,hunt]s  & ,trapp]s--,boatm51   
#ajb    ,,*ap4 ,v4   ,,public ,,l&s4    
,sy/em ( ,surveys--,m]idian & ,base     
,l9es--,t[n%ips--,diagram  ( a ,t[n%ip  
survey$ into ,sections--,l& ,di/ricts & 
,(fices--,pre-emption ,rights--,milit>y 
& ,b\nty  ,l&s--,taxes--,valuable       
,tracts ( ,c\ntry unsettl$1             
#acj    ,,*ap4 ,,vi4   ,,aborig9es4     
,conjecture respect+ _! =m] ,numb]s &   
,condition--  ,pres5t ,numb] &          
,/ate--,indian ,t]ritory appropriat$ z  
_! ,p]man5t ,resid5ce--,plan &          
,op]ations ( ! ,u4 ,s4                  
,gov]nm5t--,mission>y ,ef=ts &          
,/ations--,monum5ts &  ,antiquities1    
#add    ,,*ap4 ,,vii4   ,,we/]n         

,,p5nsylvania4   ,face ( !              
,c\ntry--,soil1 ,agriculture & ,int]nal 
,improvem5ts--,*ief                     
,t[ns--,pittsburg--,coal--,sulphur &    
,hot ,spr+s--,:eel+1                    
#afc    ,,*ap4 ,,viii4   ,,mi*igan4     
,ext5t--,situation--,b\nd>ies--,face ( !
 ,c\ntry--,riv]s--,lakes1  c4--,soil &  
,productions--,subdivisions--,c\nties--,
t[ns--  ,detroit--,education--,int]nal  
,improvem5ts project$--,b\nd>y          
,dispute--,outl9e ( ! ,con/itution1     
#agi    ,,*ap4 ,,ix4   ,,ohio4          
,b\nd>ies--,divisions--,face ( !        
,c\ntry--,soil &                        
,productions--,animals--,m9]als--,f9anci
al ,/ati/ics--,canal                    
,fund--,exp5ditures--,l& ,taxes--,s*ool 
,fund--,/ati/ics--  ,canal              
,rev5ues--,population at diff]5t        
,p]iods--,int]nal                       
,improvem5ts--,manufactures--,cities &  
,t[ns--,c9c9nati--                      
,columbus--,education--,=m (            
,gov]nm5t--,hi/ory1                     

#aic    ,,*ap4 ,x4   ,,indiana4         
,b\nd>ies &                             
,ext5t--,c\nties--,population--,face ( !
  ,c\ntry1 c4--,sket* ( ea* ,c\nty--,=m 
( ,gov]nm5t--  ,f9ances--,int]nal       
,improvem5ts--,manufactures--,education-
-  ,hi/ory--,g5]al ,rem>ks1             
#bbb    ,,*ap4 ,,xi4   ,,ill9ois4       
,b\nd>ies & ,ext5t--,face ( ! ,c\ntry & 
,qualities (  ,soil--,inundat$          
,l&--,riv] ,bottoms1 or                 
,alluvion--,prairies--  ,b>r5s--,=e/1 or
 timb]$ ,l&--,knobs1 ,bluffs1 ,rav9es & 
,s9k ,holes--,riv]s1                    
c4--,productions--,m9]als--,lead1 ,coal1
  ,salt1                                
c4--,vegetables--,animals--,manufactures
--,civil  ,divisions--,tabul> ,view ( ! 
,c\nties--,sket*es ( ea*                
,c\nty--,t[ns--,alton--,project$        
,improvem5ts--,education--              
,gov]nm5t--,g5]al ,rem>ks1              
#bea    ,,*ap4 ,,xii4   ,,miss\ri4      
,ext5t & ,b\nd>ies--,civil              
,divisions--,population--,surface1      

,soil & ,productions--,t[ns--,/4 ,l\is1 
#cae    ,,*ap4 ,,xiii4   ,,arkansas ,,& 
,,t]ritorial ,,di/ricts4                
,,arkansas4--,situation & ,ext5t--,civil
 ,divisions--  ,riv]s--,face ( !        
,c\ntry--,soil--,wat]--,productions--   
,climate--,m9]als--,/ate ( ,society4    
,,wiscons94  ,b\nd>ies &                
,ext5t--,riv]s--,soil--,productions--,t[
ns1 c41      #cbc    ,,*ap4 ,,xiv4      
,,lit]>y ,,& ,,religi\s ,,in/itutions   
,,= ,,! ,,we/4   ,colleges--,/ati/ical  
,sket* ( ea* ,religi\s ,d5om9ation      
--,roman ,ca?olics--,field = ,ef=t1 &   
,progress made--  ,!ological            
,in/itutions--,deaf & ,dumb             
,asylums--,m$ical  ,in/itutions--,law   
,s*ools--,b5evol5t & ,religi\s          
,societies--,p]iodical ,press1          
#ccd    ,,*ap4 ,,xv4   ,,sugge/ions ,,to
 ,,emigrants4   ,modes (                
,travel--,canal1 ,/eamboat & ,/age      
,r\tes--,o!r  ,modes (                  
,travel--,exp5ses--,roads1 ,di/ances1   
c41                  #cfd               

,,introduction4   ,mu* has be5 publi%$  
already ab\t ! ,,we/1--! ,,great        
,,we/1--! ,,valley ,,( ,,!              
,,mississippi4--,b no portion ( ?is     
imm5se & int]e/+ region1 is s mu* !     
subject ( inquiry1 & s p>ticul>ly       
excites ! att5tion ( ! emigrant1 z !    
,/ates ( ,ohio1 ,indiana1 ,ill9ois1     
,miss\ri1 & ,mi*igan1 ) ! adjac5t       
t]ritorial regions4  ,all ^! ,/ates h   
come into exi/5ce z su*1 ) ! exception (
 ,ohio1 )9 ! la/ tw5ty ye>s2 & mu* ( !  
t]ritory1 n[ adorn$ by ! h& (           
civilization1 & spread ov] ) an         
ent]pris+1 indu/ri\s & intellig5t p1--! 
field ( public improvem5ts 9 ,canals &  
,railways1--( ,colleges1 ,*ur*es1 & o!r 
in/itutions1 0 ! hunt+ gr\nd ( !        
aborig9es1 & ! sc5e ( bord] w>f>e4 ,^!  
,/ates h be5 unp>allel$ 9 _! gr[?1 bo? 9
 ! increase ( population & prop]ty1 & 9 
! advance ( intellectual & moral        
improvem5t4 ,su* an ext5t ( =e/ 0 nev]  
be=e cle>$1--su* a va/ field ( prairie 0
 nev] be=e subdu$ & cultivat$ by ! h& ( 

man1 9 ! same %ort p]iod ( "t4 ,cities1 
& t[ns1 & villages1 & c\nties1 & ,/ates 
nev] be=e ru%$ into exi/5ce1 & made su* 
giant /rides1 z ^u ?is field4  ,:o ha?  
he>d su* a ?+8 ,:o ha? se5 su* ?+s8     
,%all ! e>? be made to br+ =? 9 "o day8 
or %all a nation be born at once8       
,isaiah1 ,,lxvi4 #h4  ,! rapid increase 
( population w be exhibit$ 9 a tabul> =m
 9 ! foll[+ pages1 & o!r p>ts %[+ t !   
g5]al improvem5t ( ! c\ntry1 & !        
developm5t ( its physical1 intellectual 
& moral res\rces h kept pace ) !        
ext5sion ( settlem5ts4 ,& su* are its   
admirable facilities = comm]ce by its   
num]\s navigable riv]s1 & its l9es (    
canals1 "s ( :i* are f9i%$1 & _m o!rs   
comm5c$ or project$1--su* ! ri*ness (   
its soil1 & ! v>iety ( its              
productions1--su* ! g5ial nature ( its  
climate1--! ent]prise ( its             
population1--& ! influ5ce x mu/ soon    
wield 9 direct+ ! de/9ies ( ! :ole      
,unit$ ,/ates1 z to r5d] ! ,,great ,,we/
 an object ( ! deepe/ int]e/ to !       

,am]ican patriot4 ,to ! philan?ropi/ &  
*ri/ian1 ! "* & mann]s1--! in/itutions1 
lit]ature & religion ( s wide a portion 
( our c\ntry1 ^: mighty en]gies are soon
 to ex]t a controll+ influ5ce ov] ! "* (
 ! :ole nation1 & 9 "s measure1 ( ! _w1 
are n less matt]s ( mom5t\s conc]n4  ,! 
,we/ is a "y empire ( m9d1 & p[]1 &     
weal?1 & free in/itutions1 ru%+ up to a 
giant manhood1 ) a rapidity & p[] nev]  
be=e witness$ bel[ ! sun4 ,& if %e      
c>ries ) h] ! elem5ts ( h] pres]vation1 
! exp]im5t w be glori\s1--! joy ( !     
nation1--! joy ( ! :ole e>?1 z %e rises 
9 ! maje/y ( h] intellig5ce & b5evol5ce1
 & ent]prise1 = ! emancipation ( !      
_w4--,bee*]4  ,among/ ! causes t h      
awak5$ ! att5tion ( ! community 9 !     
,atlantic ,/ates1 to ?is ,great ,valley1
 & excit$ ! desires ( multitudes to     
remove hi!r1 may be reckon$ ! ef=ts ( ! 
lib]al & b5evol5t to aid ! ,we/ 9 !     
imm$iate supply ( h] population ) !     
,bible1 ) ,sunday ,s*ools1 ) religi\s   
tracts1 ) ! gospel m9i/ry1 & to lay !   

f\ndation = ,colleges & o!r lit]>y      
in/itutions4 ,hundr$s ( families1 :o    
might o!rwise h rema9$ 9 ! cr[d$ cities 
& d5sely populat$ neighborhoods ( _!    
ance/ors1 h _h _! att5tion direct$ to ^!
 ,/ates z a p]man5t home4 ,& ?\s&s m (  
virtu\s & indu/ri\s families w\ld foll[1
 & fix _! future resid5ce on our        
prairies1 & 9 our we/]n =e/s1 cultivate 
our wild l&s1--aid 9 build+ up our t[ns 
& cities1 & diffuse a heal?ful moral &  
intellectual influ5ce ?r\gh ! mass ( our
 pres5t population1 c\ld !y feel assur$ 
t !y c rea* "s portion ( ! ,we/]n       
,valley )\t great risk &                
exp5se1--provide = _! families          
com=tably1 & n be swept (f by sickness1 
or ov]:elm$ by suff]+1 beyond :at is    
incid5t to any new c\ntry4  ,! au?or's  
fir/ book1 ,a ,,guide ,,= ,,emigrants1  
c4 0 writt5 9 ! w9t] & spr+ ( #ahca1 to 
answ] ! press+ call !n made = in=mation 
( ^! we/]n /ates1 b m especially t (    
,ill9ois2--b _m ( its p>ticul>s1 z to ! 
"* & usages ( ! p1 mann]s & cu/oms1     

modes ( erect+ build+s1 g5]al           
*>act]i/ics & qualities ( soil1         
productions1 c4 7 applicable to ! ,we/  
g5]ally4  ,s9ce t p]iod1 brief z x has  
be51 wide & rapid *anges h be5 made1    
population has rapidly augm5t$1 beyond t
 ( any =m] p]iod ( ! same               
ext5t2--millions ( acres ( ! public     
doma91 !n wild & h>dly explor$1 h be5   
br\ght into m>ket2 settlem5ts & c\nties 
h be5 =m$1 & popul\s t[ns h sprung up   
:]e1 at t "t1 ! ,indian & wild bea/ _h  
possession2 facilities =                
int]communication h be5 greatly ext5d$1 
& di/ant places h be5 br\ght            
comp>atively ne>2 ! desire to emigrate  
to ! we/ has increas$1 & ev]ybody 9 !   
,atlantic /ates has become int]e/$ &    
inquires ab\t ! ,great ,valley4 ,t      
respectable place1 s mu* ! !me (        
declamation & inquiry abroad1 ,! ,f>    
,we/1 has gone f ?is region t[>ds !     
sett+ sun4 ,its exact locality has n yet
 be5 settl$1 b probably x may soon be   
f\nd along ! gulf ( ,cali=nia1 or ne>   

,nootka ,s\nd4 ,& if di/ance is to be   
measur$ by "t1 & ! facility ( int]c\rse1
 we are n[ sev]al hundr$ miles ne>] !   
,atlantic coa/ ?an tw5ty ye>s s9ce4 ,t5 
ye>s m1 & ! facilities ( railways &     
improv$ ma*9]y w place ! ,mississippi )9
 sev5 day's travel ( ,bo/on1--six days (
 ,wa%+ton city1 & five days ( ,*>le/on1 
,s4 ,c4  ,to give a brief1 & yet correct
 acc\nt ( a portion ( ?is ,great        
,valley1 its res\rces1 ! mann]s & cu/oms
 ( its inhabitants1 its political       
subdivisions1 cities1 comm]cial & o!r   
important t[ns1 colleges & o!r lit]>y   
in/itutions1 religi\s condition1 public 
l&s1 qualities ( soil & g5]al features (
 ea* /ate & t]ritory nam$ 9 ! title     
page1 toge!r ) su* in=mation z may =m a 
k9d ( manual = ! emigrant & man (       
bus9ess1 or :i* may aid him on 8 j\rney 
hi!r1 & enable him to surm\nt           
successfully ! difficulties ( a new     
c\ntry1 is ! object ( ?is new "w4 ,9    
accompli%+ ?is task ! au?or has aim$ at 
correctness & brevity4 ,to cond5se !    

p>ticul> k9d ( in=mation call$ = by !   
public m9d 9 a small space1 has be5 no  
easy task4 ,nor has x be5 a small matt] 
to collect f s wide a range z five l>ge 
/ates1 & two ext5sive t]ritories1 ) o!r 
l>ge di/ricts1 ! facts & /ati/ical      
in=mation (t5 f\nd 9 ! compass ( less   
?an a page4  ,x is an easy task to a    
belles-lettre s*ol>1 sitt+ at 8 desk1 9 
an easy *air1 & by a pleasant fire1 to  
write ,hi/ories1 & ,geographies1 &      
,sket*es1 & ,recollections1 & ,views1 & 
,t\rs ( ! ,we/]n ,valley1--b x is q     
ano!r conc]n to explore ^! regions1     
exam9e public docum5ts1 reconcile       
contradictory /atem5ts1 correspond )    
hundr$s ( p]sons 9 public & private     
life1 read all ! hi/ories1 geographies1 
t\rs1 sket*es1 & recollections t h be5  
publi%$1 & correct _! num]\s errors1--!n
 collate1 arrange1 dige/1 & cond5se !   
facts ( ! c\ntry4 ,^? :o h read 8 =m]   
,,guide ,,= ,,emigrants1 w f9d ^u       
p]usal1 t ?is is radically a new "w--r  
?an a new edition4 ,its :ole plan is    

*ang$2 & ?\gh "s :ole pages ( ! =m] "w  
are reta9$1 & _m ( its facts & p>ticul>s
 giv5 9 a m cond5s$ =m1 mu* ( t "w be+  
be=e ! public 9 o!r =ms1 he has be5     
direct$1 bo? by 8 own judgm5t1 & !      
solicitude ( ! public m9d 9 ! ,atlantic 
/ates1 to give to ! "w its pres5t =m &  
features4  ,!re are ?ree classes (      
p]sons 9 p>ticul> :o may d]ive advantage
 f ?is ,guide4  #a4 ,all ^? :o int5d to 
remove to ! /ates & t]ritories describ$4
 ,su* p]sons1 :e!r citiz5s ( ! ,atlantic
 /ates1 or natives ( ,europe1 w f9d 9   
?is small volume1 mu* ( t species (     
in=mation = :i* !y are solicit\s4  ,x   
has be5 a prim>y object ( ! au?or       
?r\gh\t ?is "w1 to furni% ! outl9e (    
facts necess>y = ?is class4 ,he is aw>e 
also t mu* 9 detail w be desir$ & eag]ly
 s\ght aft]1 :i* ! portable & limit$    
size ( ?is little "w c\ld n conta92 b   
su* in=mation may be f\nd 9 ! l>g]      
works1 by ,hall1 ,fl9t1 ,d>by1          
,s*oolcraft1 ,long1 & o!r au?ors &      
travell]s4 ,^? :o desire m specific &   

detail$ descriptions ( ,ill9ois1 w be   
satisfi$ probably ) ! au?or's ,,gazette]
 ( t ,/ate1 publi%$ 9 #ahcd1 & :i* c be 
_h by application to ! au?or1 or to !   
publi%]s ( ?is "w4  #b4 ,?is ,guide is  
also design$ = ^?1 :o1 = ei!r pleasure1 
heal? or bus9ess1 int5d to travel ?r\gh 
! we/]n ,/ates4 ,su* are n[ ! facilities
 ( int]communication betwe5 ! ea/]n &   
we/]n ,/ates1 & to mo/ po9ts 9 ! ,valley
 ( ! ,mississippi1 t ?\s&s are visit+ "s
 portions ( ?is int]e/+ region e mon?4  
,"s k ( ! r\tes t lead to diff]5t p>ts (
 ?is ,valley1 ! l9es ( /eamboats &      
/ages1 cities1 t[ns1 public in/itutions1
 mann]s & cu/oms ( ! p1 c41 is c]ta9ly  
desirable to all :o travel4 ,su* p]sons 
may expect a correct1 & x is hop$1 a    
pleasant ,guide 9 ?is book4  #c4 ,!re is
 a num]\s class ( p]sons 9 ! ,atlantic  
,/ates1 :o desire to "k m ab\t ! ,great 
,we/ & to h a book = ref]5ce1 :o d n    
expect to emigrate "h4 ,_m are deeply   
int]e/$ 9 its moral welf>e4 ,!y h       
*e]fully contribut$ to e/abli% & build  

up its lit]>y & religi\s in/itutions1 & 
yet f want ( access to ^? facts :i* exi/
 among/ u1 _! in=mation is b p>tial &   
limit$4 ,! au?or 9 8 travels 9 !        
,atlantic /ates has met ) _m p]sons1 :o1
 ?\gh well in=m$ on o!r subjects1 are   
surpris+ly ignorant ( ! actual          
condition1 res\rces1 society1 mann]s ( !
 p1 & ev5 ! geography ( ^! /ates &      
t]ritories4 ,! au?or is aw>e ( !        
difficulty ( convey+ entirely correct   
ideas ( ?is region to a p]son :o has    
nev] travell$ beyond ! bord]s ( 8 native
 /ate4 ,! laws & habits ( associat+     
ideas 9 ! human m9d =bid x4  ,! *ief    
s\rce ( in=mation = ^? /ates t lie on ! 
,mississippi1 has be5 ! p]sonal         
obs]vation ( ! au?or1--hav+ explor$ mo/ 
( ! settlem5ts 9 ,miss\ri & ,ill9ois1 & 
a portion ( ,indiana & ,ohio1--hav+ sp5t
 m ?an eighte5 ye>s "h1 & se5 ! two =m] 
/ates1 f an incipi5t t]ritorial =m (    
gov]nm5t1 & a few scatt]$ & deta*$      
settlem5ts1 arise to _! pres5t /ate (   
improvem5t1 population1 weal? & national

 importance4 ,8 next s\rce ( in=mation  
has be5 f p]sonal acqua9tance &         
correspond5ce ) _m intellig5t citiz5s ( 
! /ates & t]ritories he describes4      
,ref]5ce has also be5 _h to ! works (   
,hall1 ,fl9t1 ,d>by1 ,breck5ridge1      
,beck1 ,long1 ,s*oolcraft1 ,lewis &     
,cl>ke1 ,mit*ell's & ,tann]'s maps1     
,f>m]'s map ( ,mi*igan1 ,turnbull's map 
( ,ohio1 ,! ,ohio ,gazette]1 ,! ,indiana
 ,gazette]1 ,dr4 ,drake's writ+s1 ,mr4  
,coy's ,annual ,regi/] ( ,indian        
affairs1 ,ellicott's surveys1 & sev]al  
p]iodicals4   ,j4 ,m4 ,p4   ,rock ,spr+1
 ,ill9ois1 ,janu>y1 #ahcf4     ,,*apt]  
,i4  ,,g5]al ,,view ,,( ,,! ,,valley ,,(
 ,,! ,,mississippi4  ,its               
ext5t1--,subdivisions1--,population1--,p
hysical features1--,animal1 ,vegetable &
 ,m9]al                                 
productions1--,hi/ory1--,prospective    
increase ( ,population4   ,! ,valley ( !
 ,mississippi1 9 its prop] geographical 
ext5t1 embraces all t portion ( ! ,unit$
 ,/ates1 ly+ betwe5 ! ,alleghany &      

,rocky ,m\nta9s1 ! wat]s ( :i* are      
dis*>g$ into ! gulf ( ,mexico1 ?r\gh !  
m\?s ( ! ,mississippi4 ,i h embrac$1    
h[ev]1 "u t g5]al t]m1 a portion ( !    
c\ntry bord]+ on ! nor!rn lakes1 includ+
 ! nor? "p ( ,ohio1 ! nor?-ea/]n        
portions ( ,indiana & ,ill9ois1 ! :ole (
 ,mi*igan1 ) a consid]able t]ritorial   
di/rict on ! we/ side ( lake ,mi*igan1 &
 ar\nd lake ,sup]ior4  ,ext5t4 ,?is     
great ,valley is "o ( ! l>ge/ divisions 
( ! globe1 ! wat]s ( :i* pass "o e/u>y4 
,to suppose ! ,unit$ ,/ates & its       
t]ritory to be divid$ into ?ree         
portions1 ! arrangem5t w\ld be1 !       
,atlantic slope--! ,mississippi bas91 or
 valley--& ! ,pacific slope4  ,a glance 
on any map ( ,nor? ,am]ica1 w %[ t ?is  
,valley includes ab\t two ?irds ( !     
t]ritory ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,! ,atlantic
 slope conta9s ab\t #cij1jjj2 ! ,pacific
 slope1 ab\t #cjj1jjj2 :i*1 comb9$1 are 
#fij1jjj squ>e miles3 :ile ! ,valley ( !
 ,mississippi conta9s at lea/ #a1cjj1jjj
 squ>e miles1 or #hcc1jjj1jjj acres4    

,?is ,valley ext5ds f ! #bi deg4 to !   
#di deg4 ( ,n4 latitude1 or ab\t #adjj  
miles f s\? to nor?2 & f ! #c deg4 to ! 
#ce deg4 ( longitude we/ f ,wa%+ton1 or 
ab\t #adgj miles f ea/ to we/4 ,f !     
s\rce ( ! ,alleghany riv] to ! s\rces ( 
! ,miss\ri1 foll[+ ! me&]+s ( ! /reams1 
is n less ?an #ejjj miles4              
,subdivisions4 ,! /ates & t]ritories    
includ$1 are a small section ( ,new     
,york wat]$ by ! heads ( ! ,alleghany   
riv]1 we/]n ,p5nsylvania1 we/]n         
,virg9ia1 ,ohio1 ,indiana1 ,ill9ois1    
,miss\ri1 ,mi*igan1 ,k5tucky1 ,t5nessee1
 ,mississippi1 ,l\isiana1 ,t]ritory (   
,arkansas1 ,indian ,t]ritory1 ! va/     
unsettl$ regions ly+ to ! we/ & nor? (  
?is ,t]ritory1 ! ,wiscons9 ,t]ritory    
includ+ an ext5sive c\ntry we/ ( !      
,mississippi & nor? ( ! /ate ( ,miss\ri1
 ) ! va/ regions t lie t[>ds ! heads ( !
 ,mississippi1 & ar\nd lake ,sup]ior4#a 
,population4 ,! foll[+ table1 gives a   
comp>ative view ( ! population ( !      
,valley ( ! ,mississippi1 & %[s !       

proportional increase ( ! sev]al ,/ates1
 p>ts ( ,/ates1 & ,t]ritories1 f #agij  
to ! close ( #ahce1 a p]iod ( #de ye>s4 
,! column = #ahce is made up p>tly f !  
c5sus tak5 9 sev]al /ates & t]ritories1 
& p>tly by e/imation4 ,x is suffici5tly 
accurate = g5]al purposes4   ,/ates1    
p>ts (      #agij   #ahjj    #ahaj      
#ahbj     #ahcj    #ahce    ,/ates &    
,t]ritories4                            
,we/]n ,p5nsylvania #ge1jjjacj1jjj      
#bdj1jjj   #bij1jjj  #chj1jjj  #dij1jjj 
& a fraction (                          
,new ,york4                             
,we/]n ,virg9ia     #de1jjj #ge1jjj     
#ajj1jjj  #adg1agh  #bjd1age  #bcj1jjj  
,ohio                    a#de1jjj       
#bcj1gfj  #eha1dcd  #icg1fgia1cge1jjj   
,indiana                                
#bd1ebj  #adg1agh  #cda1ehb  #fjj1jjj   
,ill9ois                                
#ab1bhb   #ee1baa  #aeg1ege  #bgb1dbg   
,miss\ri                                
b#bj1hde   #ff1ehf  #adj1jgd  #baj1jjj  
,mi*igan                                

#d1gfb    #h1hif   #ca1jjj   #hc1jjj    
,k5tucky             #gc1fggbbj1iei     
#djf1eaa  #efd1cag  #fhh1hdd  #gdh1hdd  
,t5nessee            #ce1fiaaje1fjb     
#bfa1gbg  #dbb1hac  #fhd1hbb  #gce1jjj  
,mississippi              c#h1hej       
#dj1ceb   #ge1ddh  #acf1hjf  #cjj1jjj   
,l\isiana                               
#gf1eef  #aec1djg  #bad1fic  #bgj1jjj   
,arkansas ,t]ritory                     
#ad1bgc   #cj1fjh   #ea1hji  e,wiscons9 
,t]4                                    
& ,new pur*ase                          
d#c1fjh   #ae1jjj                       
----------------------------------------
------------------------------          
,total                                  
#bbi1cfhehe1daaa1dah1caeb1ebf1gdac1iea1d
ffe1cha1jhj    a ,includ+ ,indiana1     
,ill9ois1 & ,mi*igan4   b ,includ+      
,arkansas4   c ,includ+ ,alabama4   d   
,includ$ ) ,mi*igan 9 ! c5sus ( #ahcj4  
e3 ,! c\ntry we/ ( ! ,mississippi1 &    
nor? ( ! ,/ate (  ,miss\ri1 0 c$$ by !  
,sauk ,indians1 ,sept4 #ahcb4 ,x n[     

conta9s  ab\t #fjjj inhabitants4        
,probably !re is no portion ( ! globe1 (
 equal ext5t1 t conta9s z mu* ( soil fit
 = cultivation1 & :i* is capable (      
su/a9+ & supply+ ) all ! necess>ies &   
conv5i5ces1 & mo/ ( ! luxuries ( life1 s
 d5se a population z ?is great ,valley4 
,d$uct+ "o ?ird ( its surface = wat] &  
des]t1 :i* is a v lib]al all[ance1 & !re
 rema9s #hff1ffg squ>e miles1 or        
#eed1fff1hhj acres ( arable l&4  ,let x 
become z popul\s z ,massa*usetts1 :i*   
conta9s #faj1jad inhabitants on an area 
( #g1hjj squ>e miles1 or sev5ty-eight to
 e #fdj acres1 & ! population ( ?is     
imm5se region w am\nt to #fg1fjj1jjj4 ,!
 *ild is n[ born :i* w live to see ?is  
result4 ,suppose its population to      
become equally d5se ) ,engl&1 includ+   
,wales1 :i* conta9s #bjg to ! squ>e     
mile1 & its numb]s w am\nt to           
#agi1djj1jjj4 ,b let x become equal to !
 ,ne!rl&s1 ! mo/ popul\s c\ntry on !    
globe1 conta9+ #bcj to ! squ>e mile1 & !
 ,valley ( ! ,mississippi teems ) a     

population ( #bjj millions1 a result :i*
 may be _h 9 ! same "t t ,new ,engl& has
 be5 ga!r+ its two millions4 ,:at       
reflections ought ?is view to pres5t to 
! patriot1 ! philan?ropi/1 & ! *ri/ian4 
,physical ,features4 ,! physical        
features ( ?is ,valley are peculi>4  #a4
 ,x includes two great incl9$ planes1 "o
 on its ea/]n1 & ! o!r on its we/]n     
bord]1 t]m9at+ ) ! ,mississippi4  #b4   
,?is riv] receives all ! wat]s produc$  
on ^! slopes1 :i* are dis*>g$ by its    
m\?s into ! gulf ( ,mexico4  #c4 ,e "p (
 ?is va/ region c be p5etrat$ by        
/eamboats1 or o!r wat] craft2 nor is !re
 a spot 9 all ?is wide region1 except+ a
 small di/rict 9 ! va/ pla9s ( ,upp]    
,miss\ri1 t is m ?an "o hundr$ miles f  
"s navigable wat]4 ,a boat may take 9   
its lad+ on ! banks ( ! ,*atauque lake1 
9 ! ,/ate ( ,new ,york2 ano!r may       
receive its c>go 9 ! int]ior ( ,virg9ia2
 a ?ird may />t f ! rice lakes at ! head
 ( ! ,mississippi2 & a f\r? may come    
lad5 ) furs f ! ,*ippewan m\nta9s1      

#b1hjj miles up ! ,miss\ri1 & all meet  
at ! m\? ( ! ,ohio1 & proce$ 9 company  
to ! ocean4  #d4 ,) ! exception ( its   
ea/]n & we/]n bord]s1 !re are no        
m\nta9s4 ,"s portions are level1 a l>ge 
"p is g5tly undulat+1 or :at 9 ! we/ is 
call$ roll+1 & ! rema9d] is made up (   
abrupt hills1 fl9t & lime/one ridges1   
bluffs1 & rav9es4  #e4 ,x is divid$ into
 two great portions1 ! ,,upp]1 & ,,l[]  
,,valley1 accord+ to its g5]al features1
 climate1 /aple productions1 & habits ( 
its population4 ,! p>allel ( latitude t 
cuts ! m\? ( ! ,ohio riv]1 w designate  
^! portions ) suffici5t accuracy4  ,nor?
 ( ?is l9e ! seasons are regul>ly divid$
 into spr+1 summ]1 autumn1 & w9t]4 ,9 ! 
w9t] !re is usually m or less sn[1 ice  
=ms & frequ5tly blocks up ! riv]s1      
navigation is ob/ruct$1 & cotton is n   
produc$ 9 suffici5t quantity or quality 
to make x a /aple = exportation4 ,x is !
 region ( furs1 m9]als1 tobacco1 hemp1  
live /ock1 & e description ( gra9 &     
fruit t gr[s 9 ,new ,engl&4 ,its :ite   

population are mo/ly accu/om$ to labor4 
,s\? ( ?is l9e1 cotton1 tobacco1 indigo1
 & sug> are /aples4 ,x has little w9t]1 
sn[ seldom cov]s ! e>?1 ice nev]        
ob/ructs ! riv]s1 & mo/ ( ! labor is    
done by slaves4  ,riv]s4 ,! riv]s are1 !
 ,mississippi & its tribut>ies1 or m    
correctly1 ! ,miss\ri & its tribut>ies4 
,if we except ! ,amazon1 no riv] c      
comp>e ) ?is = l5g? ( its c\rse1 ! numb]
 & ext5t ( its tribut>ies1 ! va/ c\ntry 
!y dra91 & _! capabilities = navigation4
 ,its tribut>ies g5]ally issue ei!r f ! 
ea/]n or we/]n m\nta9s1 & fl[ ov] ?is   
imm5se region1 diffus+ n only f]tility  
to ! soil1 b af=d+ facilities = comm]ce 
a great "p ( ! ye>4  ,! ,miss\ri is     
unque/ionably ! ma9 /ream1 = x is n only
 long] & dis*>ges a l>g] volume ( wat]  
?an ! ,mississippi above its m\?1 b x   
has bran*es1 :i*1 = ! ext5t ( c\ntry !y 
dra91 _! l5g?1 & ! volume ( wat] !y     
dis*>ge1 f> exce$ ! upp] ,mississippi4  
,! *>act]i/ics ( ^! two riv]s are ea*   
di/9ctly m>k$4 ,! ,miss\ri is turbid1   

viol5t 9 its motions1 *ang+ its curr5ts2
 its navigation is int]rupt$ or made    
difficult by snags1 sawy]s & plant]s1 & 
x has _m isl&s & s&-b>s4 ,su* is ! "* ( 
! ,mississippi bel[ ! m\? ( ! ,miss\ri4 
,b above its m\?1 its wat]s are cle>1   
its curr5t g5tle1 :ile x is comp>atively
 free f snags & s&-b>s4  ,! ,miss\ri1   
:i* we h %[n to be ! pr9cipal /ream1    
rises 9 ! ,*ippewan1 or ,rocky m\nta9s 9
 latitude #dd deg4 nor?1 & longitude    
ab\t #ce deg4 we/ f ,wa%+ton city4 ,x   
runs a nor!a/ c\rse till aft] x receives
 ! ,yell[ ,/one1 :5 x rea*es pa/ ! #dh  
deg4 ( latitude1 !nce an ea/1 !n a s\?1 
& f9ally a s\!a/]n c\rse1 until x meets 
! curr5t ( ! ,mississippi1 #bj miles    
above ,/4 ,l\is1 & 9 latitude #ch deg4  
#de' nor?4 ,besides num]\s small]       
/reams1 ! ,miss\ri receives ! ,yell[    
,/one & ,platte1 :i* ( !mselves1 9 any  
o!r "p ( ! _w1 w\ld be call$ l>ge riv]s1
 toge!r ) ! ,si\x1 ,kansau1 ,gr&1       
,*>iton1 ,osage1 & ,gasconade1 all l>ge 
& navigable riv]s4  ,its l5g?1 ^u an    

entire comp>ative c\rse1 is #ahgj miles1
 & ^u a p>ticul> c\rse1 ab\t #cjjj      
miles4 ,lewis & ,cl>k make ! di/ance f !
 ,mississippi to ! great falls1 #behj   
miles4  ,!re are sev]al ?+s 9 "s        
respects peculi> to ?is riv]1 :i* des]ve
 notice4  #a4 ,its curr5t is v rapid1   
usually at ! rate ( f\r or five miles an
 h\r1 :5 at its height2 & x requires a  
/rong w9d to propel a boat ) a sail     
aga9/ x4 ,/eam ov]comes its =ce1 = boats
 ply regul>ly f ,/4 ,l\is to ! t[ns &   
l&+s on its banks )9 ! bord]s ( ! /ate1 
& return ) ! produce ( ! c\ntry4 ,small 
/eamboats h gone to ! ,yell[ ,/one =    
furs4  ,ow+ to ! %ift+ ( its curr5t1 &  
its snags & s&-b>s1 its navigation is   
less safe & pleasant ?an any o!r we/]n  
riv]1 b ^! difficulties are e ye> less5$
 by g5ius & ent]prise4  #b4 ,its wat] is
 always turbid1 be+ ( a muddy1 a% color1
 ?\gh m s at its p]iodical rise ?an at  
o!r times4 ,?is is caus$ by extremely   
f9e s&1 receiv$ f ! neighborhood ( !    
,yell[ ,/one4 ,dur+ ! summ] flood1 a    

tumbl] ( wat] tak5 f ! ,miss\ri1 &      
precipitat$1 w produce ab\t "o f\r? (   
its bulk 9 s$im5t4  ,?is s$im5t does n  
prev5t its habitual use by hundr$s :o   
live on its banks1 or move 9 boats ov]  
its surface4 ,"s filtrate x1 b _m m dr9k
 x1 & use x = cul9>y purposes1 9 its    
natural /ate4  ,:5 entirely filtrat$1 x 
is ! mo/ limpid & agreeable riv] wat] ,i
 ev] saw4 ,its specific gravity !n1 is  
ab\t equal to ra9 wat]2 b 9 its turbid  
/ate1 x is mu* heavi] ?an ord9>y riv]   
wat]1 = a boat w draw ?ree or f\r in*es 
less 9 x ?an 9 o!r riv]s1 ) ! same lad+1
 & ! human body w swim 9 x ) b v little 
ef=t4  ,x possesses "s m$ic9al          
prop]ties4 ,plac$ 9 an op5 vessel &     
expos$ to ! summ]'s sun1 x rema9s pure =
 weeks4 ,eruptions on ! sk9 & ulc]\s    
sores are cur$ by wad+ or frequ5t ba?+s1
 & commonly x produces slight ca?>tic   
effects ^u /rang]s ^u its fir/ use4  ,! 
wid? ( ! ,miss\ri riv] at ,/4 ,*>les1 is
 #eej y>ds4 ,its alluvial banks h[ev]   
are insecure1 & are n unfrequ5tly wa%$  

away = _m y>ds at its annual floods4 ,! 
b$ ( its *annel is also prec>i\s1 & is  
elevat$ or depress$ by ! deposition or  
removal ( its s&y f\ndation4 ,h5ce !    
elevation or depression ( ! surface (   
?is riv]1 af=ds no crit]ion ( its dep?1 
or ( ! volume ( wat] x dis*>ges at any  
"o p]iod4  ,undulatory motions1 l !     
boil+ ( a pot1 are frequ5tly se5 on its 
surface1 caus$ by ! %ift+ ( ! s& t =ms  
its b$4  ,! volume ( wat] x ord9>ily    
dis*>ges into ! ,mississippi is va/ly   
disproportionate to its l5g?1 or ! numb]
 & size ( its tribut>ies4 ,i h se5 less 
?an six feet dep? ( wat] at ,/4 ,*>les  
at a l[ /age1 & x 0 once =d$ by a       
soldi]1 at ,bellefonta9e1 f\r miles     
above its junction ) ! ,mississippi4    
,evaporation takes up l>ge quantities1 b
 absorption ?r\gh\t ! por\s soil ( its  
wide bottoms consumes mu* m4 ,9 all !   
wells dug 9 ! bottom l&s ( ! ,miss\ri1  
wat] is always f\nd at ! dep? ( !       
surface ( ! riv]1 & inv>iably rises or  
s9ks ) ! floods & ebb+s ( ! /ream4      

,volumes ( s& frequ5tly ent] ^! wells z 
! riv] rises4  ,its p]iodical floods    
des]ve notice4 ,ord9>ily ?is riv] has   
?ree p]iods ( ris+ & fall+ ea* ye>4 ,!  
fir/ rise is caus$ by ! break+ up ( w9t]
 on ! ,gasconade1 ,osage1 ,kansau1      
,*>iton1 ,gr&1 & o!r bran*es ( ! l[]    
,miss\ri1 & occurs ! latt] "p (         
,febru>y1 or e>ly 9 ,m>*4 ,its second   
rise is usually 9 ,april1 :5 ! ,platte1 
,yell[ ,/one1 & o!r /reams p\r into x _!
 spr+ floods4 ,b ! flood t m usually    
attracts att5tion takes place f ! #aj?  
to ! #be? ( ,june1 :5 ! melt+ sn[s on ! 
,*ippewan m\nta9s p\r _! cont5ts into ! 
,miss\ri4 ,?is flood is sc>cely ev] less
 ?an five1 nor m ?an #bj feet at ,/4    
,l\is1 above ! ord9>y height ( ! riv]4  
,on two occasions1 h[ev]1 s9ce ! c\ntry 
0 kn[n to ! ,fr5*1 x has aris5 to t     
height 9 ! ,mississippi z to fl[ ov] !  
,am]ican ,bottom 9 ,ill9ois1 & drive !  
inhabitants ( ,cahokia & ,kaskaskia f _!
 villages to ! bluffs4 ,ra9 9 great] or 
less quantities usually falls dur+ !    

rise ( ! riv]1 & ceases :5 ! wat]s      
subside4 ,s uni=m is ?is ! case 9 ,upp] 
,miss\ri1 ! region beyond ! b\nd>y ( !  
,/ate1 t ! seasons are divid$ into wet &
 dry4  ,pumice /ones & o!r volcanic     
productions occasionally float d[n its  
wat]s4  ,mississippi ,riv]4 ,! extreme  
head ( ! longe/ bran* ( ! ,mississippi  
riv]1 has be5 f\nd 9 lake ,itaska1 or   
,lac la ,bi*e1 by ,mr4 ,s*oolcraft1 :o  
/ates x to be elevat$ #aejj feet above !
 ,atlantic ocean1 & di/ant #c1afj miles 
f ! extreme outlet ( ! riv] at ! gulf ( 
,mexico4 ,! outlet ( ,itaska lake1 :i*  
is connect$ ) a /r+ ( small lakes1 is t5
 or twelve feet broad1 & twelve or      
fifte5 in*es deep4 ,?is is 9 latitude   
ab\t #dh deg4 nor?4 ,f ?is x passes ,c$>
 & sev]al small] lakes1 & runs a w9d+   
c\rse1 #gjj miles1 to ! falls ( ,/4     
,an?ony1 :]e its wat]s are precipitat$  
ov] a cat>act ( #af or #ag feet         
p]p5dicul>4 ,x !n cont9ues a s\!a/]n    
c\rse to ! ,miss\ri1 9 ,n4 lat1 #ch deg4
 #ch'1 receiv+ ! ,/4 ,croix1 ,*ippewa1  

,wiscons91 ,rock & ,ill9ois riv]s1 ) _m 
small] /reams f ! ea/1 & ! ,/4 ,pet]'s1 
,i[a1 ,des ,mo9es1 & ,salt riv]s1       
besides a numb] ( small] ones f ! we/4  
,! curr5t ( ! ,miss\ri /rikes t ( !     
,mississippi at "r angles1 & ?r[s x ^u !
 ea/]n %ore4 ,:5 at a l[ /age1 ! wat]s (
 ! two riv]s are di/9ct till !y pass ,/4
 ,l\is4  ,! pr9cipal bran* ( ! ,upp]    
,mississippi1 is ! ,/4 ,pet]'s1 :i*     
rises 9 ! great prairies 9 ! nor?we/1 & 
ent]s ! p>5t /ream t5 miles bel[ ! falls
 ( ,/4 ,an?ony4 ,t[>ds ! s\rces ( ?is   
riv] ! qu>ries exi/ f :i* are made ! r$ 
/one pipes ( ! ,indians4 ,?is is sacr$  
gr\nd4 ,ho/ile tribes meet "h1 & "p     
unmole/$4  ,rock riv] dra9s ! wat]s f ! 
nor!rn "p ( ,ill9ois & ,wiscons91 &     
ent]s ! p>5t /ream at #da deg4 #cj' nor?
 latitude4 ,9 latitude #ci deg4 comes 9 
! ,ill9ois1 signify+ ! ,riv] ( ,m52 &   
eighte5 miles bel[ ?is1 x unites )1 & is
 lo/ 9 ! ,miss\ri4  ,cu/om has fix$     
unalt]ably1 ! "n ,mississippi1 to ?is   
unit$ body ( wat]s1 t rolls its turbid  

waves t[>ds ! ,mexican gulf2 ?\gh1 z has
 be5 intimat$1 x is b a cont9uation ( ! 
,miss\ri4  ,sixty miles bel[ ,/4 ,l\is1 
! ,kaskaskia jo9s x1 aft] a devi\s c\rse
 ( #djj miles4 ,9 #cg deg4 nor?         
latitude1 ! ,ohio p\rs 9 its tribute1   
call$ by ! e>ly ,fr5* explor]s1 ,la     
,belle ,rivi]e1 ! beautiful riv]4 ,a    
little bel[ #cd deg41 ! ,:ite riv] ent]s
 aft] a c\rse ( m ?an #a1jjj miles4     
,?irty miles bel[ t1 ! ,arkansas1 br++  
its tribute f ! conf9es ( ,mexico1 p\rs 
9 its wat]s4 ,above ,nat*ez1 ! ,yazoo f 
! ea/1 & eighty miles bel[1 ! ,r$ riv] f
 ! we/1 unite _! wat]s ) ! ,mississippi4
 ,r$ ,riv] takes its rise 9 ! ,mexican  
dom9ions1 & runs a c\rse ( m ?an #b1jjj 
miles4  ,hi!rto1 ! wat]s 9 ! wide       
regions ( ! we/ h be5 congregat+ to "o  
po9t4 ,! ,fa!r ( ,wat]s1 is n[ upw>ds ( 
a mile 9 wid?1 & sev]al fa?oms deep4    
,dur+ its annual floods1 x ov]fl[s its  
banks bel[ ! m\? ( ! ,ohio1 & p5etrates 
! num]\s bay\s1 lakes1 & swamps1 &      
especially on its we/]n side4 ,9 _m     

places ^! floods ext5d ?irty or =ty     
miles into ! int]ior4 ,b aft] x receives
 ! ,r$ riv]1 x beg9s to ?r[ (f its      
surplus wat]s1 :i* fl[ 9 sep>ate *annels
 to ! gulf1 & nev] aga9 unite ) ! p>5t  
/ream4 ,sev]al ( ^! communications are  
held ) ! ocean at diff]5t & di/ant      
po9ts4  ,ohio ,riv]4 ,! ,ohio riv] is   
=m$ by ! junction ( ! ,alleghany &      
,monongahela1 at ,pittsburg4 ,!         
,alleghany riv] rises n f> f ! head ( ! 
we/]n bran* ( ! ,susquehannah1 9 !      
highl&s ( ,mc,kean c\nty1 ,p5nsylvania4 
,x runs nor? till x p5etrates ,cat>augus
 c\nty1 ,new ,york1 !n turns we/1 !n    
s\?we/1 & f9ally takes a s\!rn c\rse to 
,pittsburg4 ,x receives a bran* f !     
,*atauque lake1 ,*atauque c\nty1 ,new   
,york4 ,! ,monongahela rises ne> !      
s\rces ( ! ,k5hawa1 9 we/]n ,virg9ia1 & 
runs nor? till x meets ! ,alleghany4  ,!
 g5]al c\rse ( ! ,ohio is s\?we/4 ,its  
curr5t is g5tle1 & x receives a numb] ( 
tribut>ies1 :i* are notic$ 9 ! ,/ates   
:]e !y run4  ,! ,valley ( ! ,mississippi

 has be5 arrang$ by ,mr4 ,d>by1 into f\r
 great subdivisions4  #a4 ,! ,ohio      
,valley1 l5g? #gej miles1 & mean wid?   
#bfa2 conta9+ #aif1jjj squ>e miles4  #b4
 ,mississippi ,valley1 above ,ohio1     
includ+ ! m9or valley ( ,ill9ois1 b     
exclusive ( ,miss\ri1 #fej miles long1 &
 #bgg mean wid?1 & conta9+ #ahj1jjj     
squ>e miles4  #c4 ,l[] ,valley ( !      
,mississippi1 includ+ ,:ite1 ,arkansas1 
& ,r$ riv] vallies1 #a1jjj miles long1 &
 #bjj wide1 conta9+ #bjj1jjj squ>e      
miles4  #d4 ,miss\ri prop]1 includ+     
,osage1 ,kansau1 ,platte riv]s1 c4      
#a1bjj miles long1 & #dcg wide1 conta9+ 
#ebc1jjj squ>e miles4  ,! ,valley ( !   
,ohio is bett] kn[n ?an any ( ! o!rs2   
has mu* f]tile l&1 & mu* t is /]ile1 or 
unfit = cultivation1 on acc\nt ( its    
unev5ness4 ,x is divid$ into two unequal
 portions1 by ! ,ohio riv]2 leav+ on !  
"r or nor?we/ side #hj1jjj1 & on ! left 
or s\!a/ side1 #aaf1jjj squ>e miles4 ,! 
ea/]n "p ( ?is valley is hilly1 &       
rapidly accliv\s t[>ds ! ,appala*ian    

m\nta9s4 ,inde$ its high hills1 z y     
approa* ^! m\nta9s1 are ( a /rongly m>k$
 m\nta9\s "*4 ,( c\rse ! riv]s :i* fl[  
into ! ,ohio--! ,monongahela1 ,k5hawa1  
,lick+1 ,s&y1 ,k5tucky1 ,gre51 ,cumb]l&1
 & ,t5nessee--are rapid1 & ab\nd+ 9     
cat>acts & falls1 :i*1 t[>ds _! s\rces1 
greatly imp$e navigation4 ,! we/]n side 
( ?is ,valley is1 also1 hilly = a       
consid]able di/ance f ! ,ohio1 b t[>ds  
its we/]n limit1 x subsides to a        
rem>kably level region4 ,s t :il/ !     
ea/]n l9e ( ?is ,valley lies along !    
high table l&1 on :i* ! ,appala*ian     
m\nta9s re/1 & :]e ! riv]s ( ! ea/]n    
section ( ?is ,valley rise1 :i* is at   
lea/ #b1jjj miles g5]ally above ! ocean 
level2 ! we/]n l9e has n an elevation ( 
mu* m ?an half ( t am\nt on ! nor?1 &   
:i* greatly subsides t[>ds ! ,kaskaskia4
 ,! riv]s ( ! we/]n section are ,beav]1 
,musk+um1 ,hockhock+1 ,scioto1 ,miami1 &
 ,waba%4 ,along ! ,ohio1 on ea* side1   
are high hills1 (t5 int]sect$ ) deep    
rav9es1 & sometimes op5+s ( consid]able 

ext5t1 & well kn[n by ! appellation (   
,ohio hills4 ,t[>ds ! m\? ( ! ,ohio1 ^! 
hills almo/ :olly disappe>1 & ext5sive  
level bottoms1 cov]$ ) heavy =e/s ( oak1
 sycamore1 elm1 popl>1 & cotton wood1   
/ret* along ea* side ( ! riv]4 ,on ! l[]
 section ( ! riv]1 ! wat]1 at ! "t ( !  
spr+ floods1 (t5 ov]fl[s ^! bottoms to a
 great ext5t4 ,?is f9e ,valley embraces 
consid]ably m ?an "o half ( ! :ole      
population ( ! entire ,valley ( ! ,we/4 
,! we/]n p>ts ( ,p5nsylvania & ,virg9ia1
 ! entire /ates ( ,ohio1 ,indiana1 &    
,k5tucky1 ! l>g] "p ( ,t5nessee1 & a    
small] "p ( ,ill9ois1 are 9 ! ,valley ( 
! ,ohio4  ,! ,upp] ,valley ( !          
,mississippi possesses a surface f> less
 div]sifi$ ?an ! ,valley ( ! ,ohio4 ,!  
c\ntry :]e its mo/ nor!rn bran*es take  
_! rise1 is elevat$ table l&1 ab\nd+ )  
m>%es & lakes1 t are fill$ ) a granif]\s
 vegetable call$ wild rice4 ,x is a     
slim1 %rivell$ gra9 ( a br[ni% hue1 &   
ga!r$ by ! ,indians 9 l>ge quantities = 
food4 ,!re are tracts ( arable l& cov]$ 

) elm1 l9d51 p9e1 hemlock1 *]ry1 maple1 
bir* & o!r timb] common to a nor!rn     
climate4 ,f ! same plateau fl[ ! num]\s 
bran*es ( ,r$ riv]1 & o!r /reams t fl[  
into lake ,w9nipeck1 & !nce into        
,hudson's bay4 ,"h1 too1 are f\nd "s ( !
 head bran*es ( ! wat]s ( ,/4 ,lawr5ce1 
t ent] ! ,lake ( ! ,woods1 & ,sup]ior4  
,9 ! :ole c\ntry ( :i* we are speak+1   
!re is no?+ t des]ves ! "n ( m\nta94    
,bel[ ! falls ( ,/4 ,an?ony ! riv]      
bluffs are (t5 abrupt1 wild & romantic1 
& at _! base & along ! /reams are ?\s&s 
( qu>tz cry/als1 c>nelians & o!r preci\s
 /ones4  ,b a %ort di/ance 9 ! re>1 y   
ent] ^u table l& ( ext5sive prairies1 ) 
clumps ( trees1 & groves along ! /reams4
 ,fur!r d[n1 abrupt cliffs & ov]hang+   
precipices are frequ5tly se5 at !       
t]m9ation ( ! riv] alluvion4  ,! :ole   
c\ntry nor?we/ ( ! ,ohio & ea/ ( !      
,mississippi1 z f> nor? z ! falls ( ,/4 
,an?ony1 exhibits /rik+ m>ks ( a        
diluvial =mation1 by a gradual retir+ ( 
! wat]s4 ,f ! summit level t divides !  

wat]s ( ! lakes f ^? ( ! ,mississippi1  
?r\gh ,ohio1 ,indiana1 ,ill9ois1 &      
,wiscons91 :i* is sc>cely a p]ceptible  
ridge1 to ! s\? po9t ( ,ill9ois at !    
junction ( ! ,ohio & ,mississippi1      
appe>s to h once be5 a plane ) an       
incl9ation equal to #ab or #ae in*es p] 
mile4 ,! rav9es & vallies appe> to h be5
 gradually scoop$ out by ! abrasion ( ! 
wat]s4  ,! ,l[] ,mississippi ,valley1   
has a l5g? ( #a1bjj miles1 f nor?we/ to 
s\!a/1 consid]+ ! s\rce ( ! ,arkansas1 &
 ! m\? ( ! ,mississippi riv] z extreme  
po9ts2 rea*+ f nor? latitude #bi deg4 to
 #db deg41 & )\t e/imat+ m\nta9s1       
ridges1 or peaks1 diff]s 9 relative     
elevation at lea/ #ejj feet4  ,!        
,arkansas riv] rises ne> nor? latitude  
#db deg41 & longitude #cb deg4 we/ f    
,wa%+ton1 & falls into ! ,mississippi at
 #cc deg4 #ef'1 pass+ ov] eight degrees 
( latitude4  ,r$ ,riv] rises 9 !        
m\nta9\s c\ntry ( ,mexico1 nor? (       
,texas1 9 nor? latitude #cd deg42 & we/ 
longitude #bh deg4 f ,wa%+ton1 & falls  

into ! ,mississippi 9 latitude #ca deg4 
,!y are bo? rem>kable riv]s = _! ext5t1 
! numb] ( _! bran*es1 ! volume ( _!     
wat]s1 ! quantity ( alluvion !y c>ry d[n
 to ! p>5t /ream1 & ! color ( _! wat]s4 
,impregnat$ by sal9e p>ticles1 & color$ 
) o*]\s e>?1 ! wat]s ( ^! two riv]s are 
at once bracki% & nause\s to ! ta/e1    
p>ticul>ly ne> _! m\?s2 t ( ,r$ riv] is 
s mu* s at ,nat*ito*es at l[ wat] t x _c
 be us$ = cul9>y purposes4  ,at a %ort  
di/ance bel[ ! m\? ( ! ,r$ riv]1 a l>ge 
bay\1 7z x is call$17 or outlet1 breaks 
f ! ,mississippi on ! we/2 by :i*1 x is 
believ$1 t z l>ge a volume ( wat] z !   
,r$ riv] br+s to ! p>5t riv]1 is dra9$  
(f1 & runs to ! gulf ( ,mexico1 fifty   
miles f ! m\? ( ! ,mississippi4 ,! "n ( 
?is bay\ is ,at*afalaya1 or z x is      
commonly call$1 ,*affalio4 ,bel[ ?is    
bay\1 ano!r ( l>ge dim5sions breaks =?  
on ! same side1 & f9ally falls into !   
,at*afalaya4 ,?is is ! ,placquem9e4     
,/ill l[]1 at ,donaldsonville1 n9ety    
miles above ,new ,orleans1 on ! same    

side1 ! ,laf\r*e bay\ breaks out1 &     
pursues a c\rse p>allel to !            
,mississippi1 fifty miles we/ ( ! m\? ( 
t riv]4 ,on ! ea/ side1 ! ,ibb]ville    
bay\ dra9s (f a portion ( ! wat]s ( !   
,mississippi1 into lakes ,maurepas1     
,pon*>tra91 ,borgnes1 & ! gulf (        
,mexico1 & ?us =ms ! long & n>r[ isl& ( 
,orleans4  ,9 ! l[] ,valley ( !         
,mississippi !re is a great ext5t ( l& (
 ! v ri*e/ k9d4 ,!re is also mu* t is   
almo/ always ov]fl[n ) wat]s1 & is a    
p]petual swamp4 ,!re are ext5sive       
prairies 9 ?is ,valley2 & t[>ds ! ,rocky
 m\nta9s2 on ! upp] wat]s ( ! ,arkansas 
& ,r$ riv]s1 !re are va/ b>r5 /eppes or 
pla9s ( s&1 dre>y & b>r51 l ! c5tral    
/eppes ( ,asia4 ,on ! ea/ ( !           
,mississippi1 are ext5sive regions ( !  
d5se/ =e/s1 :i* =m a /rik+ contra/ ) !  
prairies :i* /ret* on ! we/ ( t great   
riv]4  ,! ,valley ( ! ,miss\ri ext5ds   
#abjj miles 9 l5g?1 & #gjj 9 wid?1 &    
embraces #bec1jjj squ>e miles4 ,!       
,miss\ri riv] rises 9 ! ,*ippewan       

m\nta9s1 ?r\gh eight degrees1 or ne>ly  
#fjj miles4 ,! ,yell[ ,/one is its      
longe/ bran*4 ,! c\rse ( ! ,miss\ri1    
aft] leav+ ! ,rocky m\nta9s1 is g5]ally 
s\!a/1 until x unites ) ! ,mississippi4 
,! pr9cipal bran*es fl[ f ! s\?we/4 ,!y 
are ! ,osage1 ,kansas1 ,platte1 c4 ,!   
?ree mo/ /rik+ features ( ?is ,valley   
are1 #a/4 ,! turbid "* ( its wat]s4     
#b;d4 ,! v unequal volumes ( ! "r & left
 conflu5ces4 #c;d4 ,! imm5se pr$om9ance 
( ! op5 prairies1 ov] ! =e/s :i* l9e !  
riv]s4 ,! we/]n "p ( ?is ,valley rises  
to an elevation t[>ds ! ,*ippewan       
m\nta9s1 equal to t5 degrees (          
temp]ature4 ,asc5d+ f ! l[] v]ge ( ?is  
widely ext5d$ pla91 wood becomes m & m  
sc>ce1 until "o nak$ surface spreads on 
all sides4 ,ev5 ! ridges & *a9s ( !     
,*ippewan1 p>take ( ^! traits (         
desolation4 ,! travell]1 :o has read !  
descriptions ( c5tral ,asia1 by ,tooke  
or ,pallas1 w feel on ! high] bran*es ( 
! ,miss\ri1 a resemblance1 at once /rik+
 & appall+2 & he w ackn[l$ge1 if ne> to 

! ,*ippewan m\nta9s 9 w9t]1 t ! utmo/   
int5sity ( fro/ ov] ,sib]ia & ,mongolia1
 has its full c\nt]p>t 9 ,nor? ,am]ica1 
on simil>1 if n on l[] latitudes4 ,!re  
is mu* f]tile l& 9 ! ,valley ( !        
,miss\ri1 ?\gh mu* ( x mu/ be =ev] !    
abode ( ! buffalo & ! elk1 ! wolf & !   
de]4#b  ,,footnotes3  #a ,:y ! names    
,huron1 ,m&an1 ,si\x1 ,osage1 & ,oz>k h 
be5 appli$ by ,d>by & o!r au?ors1 to !  
ext5sive regions on ! ,upp]             
,mississippi1 ! ,upp] ,miss\ri1 & !     
,arkansas riv]s1 ,i am n able to solve4 
,osage is a ,fr5* corruption (          
,wos-so%-ee1 & ,oz>k is an awkw>d1      
illit]ate corruption ( ,osage4 ,si\x is 
ano!r ,fr5* corruption1 ! orig9 ( :i* is
 n n[ easily asc]ta9$4 ,c>v] & o!r      
travell]s1 call ?is nation ( ,indiana   
,nau-d-wes-sees4 ,*iefs ( ?is nation h  
repeat$ly disclaim$ ! "n ( ,si\x1       
7pron\nc$ ,soos47 ,!y sometimes call    
!mselves ,da-co-tah4  #b ,d>by4         
,,*apt] ,,ii4  ,,g5]al ,,view ,,( ,,!   
,,valley ,,( ,,! ,,mississippi4         

7,,cont9u$47  ,productions4             
,m9]als4--,b few m9es exi/ 9 ! ,l[]     
,valley ( ! ,mississippi4 ,l\isiana1 be+
 *iefly alluvion1 furni%es only two     
specim5s1 sulphuret ( antimony1 &       
meteoric iron ore4 ,x is suppos$ t ! p9e
 b>r5s t[>ds ,texas1 if explor$1 w\ld   
add to ! numb]4  ,! only m9]als 9       
,mississippi1 are ame?y/1 ( :i* "o      
cry/al has be5 f\nd2 pott]'s clay1 at ! 
,*ickasaw ,bluffs1 & ne> ,nat*ez2       
sulphuret ( lead 9 small quantities1    
ab\t ,port ,gibson2 & sulphate ( iron4  
,petrifi$ trunks ( trees are f\nd 9 ! b$
 ( ! ,mississippi1 opposite ,nat*ez4 ,9 
,arkansas ,t]ritory are v>i\s species4  
,"h may be f\nd ! native magnet1 or     
magnetic oxide ( iron1 possess+ /rong   
magnetic p[]4 ,iron ores are v abundant4
 ,sulphate ( copp]1 sulphuret ( z9c1    
alum1 & alum9\s slate are f\nd ab\t !   
cove ( ,wa%itau1 & ! ,hot ,spr+s4 ,buhr 
/one ( a sup]ior quality exi/s 9 !      
surr\nd+ hills4 ,! hot spr+s are int]e/+
 on acc\nt ( ! m9]als ar\nd !m1 ! heat (

 _! wat]s1 & z furni%+ a retreat to     
valetud9>ians f ! sickly regions ( !    
s\?4 ,!y are situat$ on ! ,wa%itau1 a   
l>ge /ream t empties itself into ,r$    
riv]4  ,! lead m9es ( ,miss\ri h be5    
work$ = m ?an a c5tury4 ,!y are         
di/ribut$ ?r\gh ! c\ntry f ?irty to "o  
hundr$ miles s\?we/ f ,/4 ,l\is1 &      
probably ext5d ?r\gh ! ,gasconade       
c\ntry4 ,imm5se quantities ( iron ore   
exi/ 9 ?is region4 ,lead is f\nd 9 va/  
quantities 9 ! nor!rn "p ( ,ill9ois1 !  
s\? "p ( ! ,wiscons9 ,t]ritory1 & !     
c\ntry on ! opposite side ( !           
,mississippi4 ,^! m9es are work$        
ext5sively4 ,native copp] 9 l>ge        
quantities is f\nd 9 ! same region4     
,l>ge quantities ( iron ore is f\nd 9 ! 
m\nta9\s p>ts ( ,t5nessee & ,k5tucky1   
:]e furnaces & =ges h be5 erect$4 ,also1
 9 ! hilly p>ts ( ,ohio1 p>ticul>ly at !
 falls ( ,lick+ f\r miles we/ (         
,zanesville1 & 9 ,adams & ,lawr5ce      
c\nties ne> ! ,ohio riv]4 ,) iron ore ! 
,we/ is pr(usely suppli$4  ,bitum9\s    

coal exi/s 9 great pr(usion 9 v>i\s p>ts
 ( ! ,we/]n ,valley4 ,! hills ar\nd     
,pittsburg are inexhau/ible4 ,x ext5ds  
?r\gh _m portions ( ,ohio & ,indiana4   
,ne>ly e c\nty 9 ,ill9ois is suppli$ )  
?is valuable article4 ,miss\ri1         
,k5tucky1 & ,t5nessee h _! %>e4 ,imm5se 
quantities are f\nd 9 ! m\nta9s along ! 
,k5hawa1 9 ,we/]n ,virg9ia1 & x is n[   
employ$ 9 ! manufacture ( salt4 ,!      
,cumb]l& m\nta9s 9 ,t5nessee conta9     
imm5se deposits4  ,muriate ( ,soda or   
common salt1 exi/s 9 mo/ ( ! /ates &    
t]ritories ( ?is ,valley4 ,ne> ! s\rces 
( ! ,arkansas incru/ations are =m$ by   
evaporation dur+ ! dry season1 9 !      
depress$ portions ( ! imm5se prairies ( 
t region4 ,! celebrat$ salt rock is on !
 r$ =k ( ! ,canadian1 a bran* ( !       
,arkansas riv]4 ,jeff]son lake has its  
wat] /rongly impregnat$ ) salt1 & is ( a
 bright r$ color4 ,b$s ( rock salt are 9
 ! m\nta9s ( ?is region4 ,sev]al c\nties
 ( ,miss\ri h abundant salt spr+s4      
,consid]able quantities ( salt are      

manufactur$ 9 ,jackson1 ,gallat9 &      
,v]million c\nties1 ,ill9ois4 ,sal9e    
spr+s1 & licks z !y are call$1 ab\nd    
?r\gh ,k5tucky1 ,t5nessee1 ,indiana1    
,ohio1 ,we/]n ,p5nsylvania1 & ,we/]n    
,virg9ia4 ,salt is manufactur$ 9 great  
abundance at ! ,k5hawa sal9es1 #af miles
 above ,*>le/[n1 ,va41 & br\ght d[n !   
,k5hawa riv] & c>ri$ to all ! ,we/]n    
,/ates4 ,mu* salt is made also on !     
,kiskim9itas1 a bran* ( ! ,alleghany    
riv]1 at ! ,yell[ creek above           
,/eub5ville1 & 9 ! ,scioto c\ntry 9     
,ohio4 ,! wat] is frequ5tly obta9$ by   
bor+ ?r\gh rock ( diff]5t /rata1 sev]al 
hundr$ feet deep4  ,copp]1 antimony1    
manganese1 & sev]al o!r m9]als are f\nd 
9 diff]5t p>ts ( ! ,we/1 b are n yet    
work$4 ,nitrate ( pota% is f\nd 9 great 
abundance 9 ! cav]ns ( ,k5tucky &       
,t5nessee1 also 9 ,miss\ri1 f :i* l>ge  
quantities ( ,saltpetre are manufactur$4
 ,sulphate ( ,magnesia is f\nd 9        
,k5tucky1 ,indiana1 & p]haps o!r /ates4 
,sulphur & o!r m9]al spr+s are v common 

9 ! we/]n /ates4  ,vegetable            
,productions4--,trees1 c4 ,almo/ e      
species ( timb] & %rub common to !      
,atlantic /ates is f\nd 9 "s "p ( !     
,we/]n ,valley4 ,! cotton wood &        
sycamore are f\nd along all ! riv]s bel[
 ! #da deg4 ( ,n4 latitude4 ,! cypress  
beg9s ne> ! m\? ( ! ,ohio & spreads     
?r\gh ! alluvion portions ( ! ,l[]      
,valley4 ,! magnolia1 ) its l>ge1       
beautiful fl[]1 gr[s 9 ,l\isiana1 & !   
long leaf p9e fl\ri%es 9 ! upl&s ( !    
same region4 ,! sug> maple ab\nds 9 !   
nor!rn & middle portions4 ,! *e/nut is  
f\nd 9 ! ea/]n portion ( ! ,valley z f> 
z ,indiana1 b n a tree is kn[n to exi/ 9
 a natural /ate we/ ( ! ,waba% riv]4    
,yell[ or pit* p9e1 gr[s 9 sev]al       
c\nties ( ,miss\ri1 especially on !     
,gasconade1 f :5ce l>ge quantities (    
lumb] are br\ght to ,/4 ,l\is4 ,:ite p9e
 f ! ,alleghany riv] is annually s5t to 
all ! t[ns on ! ,ohio1 & fur!r d[n4     
,consid]able quantities ( :ite p9e gr[  
on ! upp] ,mississippi1 along ! we/]n   

%ore ( ,mi*igan1 ab\t ,gre5 bay1 & along
 ! %ores ( lake ,sup]ior4 ,! yell[      
popl>1 7,liriod5dron tulipif]a7 is a    
maje/ic tree1 valuable = light bo>ds1 & 
may be f\nd 9 "s p>ts ( mo/ ( ! we/]n   
/ates4 ,! bee* tree is frequ5tly f\nd 9 
company4 ,! live oak1 s valuable 9 %ip  
build+1 is f\nd s\? ( ! #ca deg41 &     
along ! ,l\isiana coa/4 ,! orange1 fig1 
olive1 p9e apple1 c4 f9d a g5ial climate
 ab\t ,new ,orleans4 ,high 9 ! nor? we h
 ! bir*1 hemlock1 fir1 & o!r trees      
peculi> to a cold region4 ,among/ our   
fruit be>+ trees we may enum]ate !      
walnut1 hickory or %ag b>k1 p]simmon1   
pecan1 mulb]ry1 crab apple1 pawpaw1 wild
 plum1 & wild *]ry4 ,! v9e gr[s ev]y:]e4
 ,( ! v>i\s species ( oak1 elm1 a%1     
l9d51 hackb]ry1 c4 x is unnecess>y to   
speak4 ,:]e =e/s ab\nd1 ! trees are tall
 & maje/ic4 ,9 ! prairie c\ntry1 ! timb]
 is usually f\nd on ! /reams1 or 9      
deta*$ groves4  ,9 ! e>ly settlem5t (   
,k5tucky !re 7 f\nd1 s\? ( ,gre5 riv]1  
l>ge tracts1 ) /unt$ scatt]+ trees      

int]mix$ ) hazel & bru%wood4 ,f ?is     
appe>ance x 0 inf]r$ t ! soil 0 (       
inf]ior quality1 & ^! tracts 7 d5om9at$ 
b>r5s4 ,subsequ5tly1 x 0 f\nd t ?is l& 0
 ( prime quality4 ,! t]m b>r5s is n[    
appli$ ext5sively 9 ! ,we/ to ! same    
description ( c\ntry4 ,x di/+ui%es an   
int]m$iate grade f =e/ & prairie4 ,a    
common error has prevail$ abroad t our  
prairie l& is wet4 ,prairie is a ,fr5*  
^w signify+ mead[1 & is appli$ to any   
description ( surface1 t is de/itute (  
timb] & bru%wood1 & clo!d ) grass4 ,wet1
 dry1 level1 & undulat+1 are t]ms (     
description m]ely1 & apply to prairies 9
 ! same s5se z !y d to =e/s4 ,! prairies
 9 summ] are clo!d ) grass1 h]bage &    
fl[]s1 exhibit a delightful prospect1 & 
furni% mo/ abundant & luxuriant pa/urage
 = /ock4 ,mu* ( ! =e/ l& 9 ! ,we/]n     
,valley produces a f9e range = dome/ic  
animals & sw9e4 ,?\s&s are rais$1 & !   
emigrant gr[s weal?y1 f ! b\nties (     
nature1 ) b little labor4  ,( animals1  
birds & reptiles1 little ne$ be said4 ,!

 buffalo 0 9 ,ill9ois ! beg9n+ ( !      
pres5t c5tury4 ,!y are n f\nd n[ )9 ?ree
 hundr$ miles ( ,miss\ri & ,arkansas1 & 
!y are fa/ rec$+4 ,de] are f\nd /ill 9  
all fronti] settlem5ts4 ,wolves1 foxes1 
wild cats1 raccoons1 opossums1 &        
squirrels are pl5ty4 ,! br[n be> is /ill
 hunt$ 9 "s p>ts ( ! we/]n /ates4 ,col4 
,crockett 0 a fam\s be> hunt] 9 ,we/]n  
,t5nessee1 ,! :ite be>1 m\nta9 %eep1    
antelope & beav]1 are f\nd 9 ! defiles (
 ! ,rocky m\nta9s4 ,! elk is /ill f\nd  
by ! hunt] contigu\s to newly =m$       
settlem5ts4 ,all ! dome/ic animals ( !  
,unit$ ,/ates fl\ri% "h4  ,ne>ly all !  
fea!r$ tribe ( ! ,atlantic slope are to 
be f\nd 9 ! ,valley4 ,pelicans1 wild    
geese1 swans1 cranes1 ducks1 p>oquets1  
wild turkeys1 prairie h5s1 c4 are f\nd 9
 diff]5t /ates1 especially on !         
,mississippi4  ,reptiles4 ,!            
rattlesnake1 copp]head snake1 moccas9   
snake1 bull snake1 & ! v>i\s snakes     
usually f\nd 9 ! ,atlantic /ates are "h4
 ,( ! v5om\s k9ds1 multitudes are       

de/roy$ by ! de] & sw9e4 ,*ameleons &   
scorpions exi/ 9 ! ,l[] ,valley1 &      
liz>ds ev]y:]e4 ,! alligator1 an        
unwieldy & bulky animal1 is f\nd 9 !    
riv]s & lakes s\? ( #cd deg4 nor?       
latitude4 ,he sometimes de/roys calves &
 pigs1 & v r>ely1 ev5 "y *ildr54        
,hi/ory4--,! honor ( ! discov]y ( ?is   
c\ntry is disput$ by ! ,spani%1 ,engli%1
 & ,fr5*4 ,x is probable t ,seba/ian    
,cabot sail$ along ! %ores ( :at 0      
aft]w>ds call$ ,florida1 b a few ye>s   
aft] ,columbus discov]$ ,am]ica4 ,spani%
 au?ors claim t ,juan ,ponce de ,leon   
discov]$ & nam$ ,florida1 9 #aeab4      
,n>vaez1 ano!r ,spani% comm&]1 hav+     
obta9$ a grant ( ,florida 9 #aebh1 l&$  
f\r or five hundr$ m51 b 0 lo/ by       
%ipwreck ne> ! m\? ( ! ,mississippi4    
,f]d9& de ,soto 0 probably ! fir/ :ite  
man :o saw ! ,mississippi riv]4 ,he is  
said to h m>*$ #ajjj m5 f ,florida1     
?r\gh ! ,*ickasaw c\ntry1 to !          
,mississippi1 ne> ! m\? ( ,r$ riv]1 :]e 
he took sick & di$4 ,8 m5 return$4 ,"s  

writ]s suppose ,de ,soto travell$ z f>  
nor? z ,k5tucky1 or ! ,ohio riv]4 ,?is  
is n probable4  ,! ,fr5* 7 ! fir/ to    
explore & settle ! ,we/1 & !y held      
jurisdiction ov] ! c\ntry ( ,ill9ois =  
#hj ye>s1 :5 x fell into ! h&s ( !      
,briti% ^u ! conque/ ( ,canada4  ,9     
#aefd1 ,florida 0 settl$ by a colony (  
,hugu5ots1 "u ,admiral ,coligny1 :o 7   
aft]w>ds massacr$ by ! ,spani>ds1       
because !y 7 ,prote/ant h]etics4  ,9    
#afjh1 ,admiral ,*ampla9e f\nd$ ,quebec1
 f :i* ,fr5* settlem5ts spread ?r\gh !  
,canadas4  ,ab\t #afgj1 ! notion        
prevail$ among/ ! ,fr5* t visit$        
,canada1 t a we/]n passage to ! ,pacific
 ocean exi/$4 ,!y le>n$ f ! ,indians t  
f> 9 ! we/ !re 0 a great riv]2 b ( its  
c\rse or t]m9ation !y c\ld le>n no?+4   
,!y suppos$ t ?is riv] communicat$ ) !  
we/]n ocean4  ,to inve/igate ?is "q1 ,p4
 ,m>quette1 a ,jesuit1 & ,joliet1 7     
appo9t$ by ,m4 ,talon1 ! ,int5dant (    
,new ,france4 ,m>quette 0 well acqua9t$ 
) ! ,canadas1 & _h great influ5ce ) !   

,indian tribes4 ,!y conduct$ an         
exp$ition ?r\gh ! lakes1 up ,gre5 bay & 
,fox riv]1 to ! ,portage1 :]e x         
approa*es ! ,wiscons91 to :i* !y pass$1 
& desc5d$ t riv] to ! ,mississippi1 :i* 
!y rea*$ ! #ag? ( ,june1 #afgc4 ,!y f\nd
 a riv] mu* l>g] & deep] ?an x _h be5   
repres5t$ by ! ,indians4 ,_! regul>     
j\rnal 0 lo/ on _! return to ,canada2 b 
f ! acc\nt1 aft]w>ds giv5 by ,joliet1 !y
 f\nd ! natives fri5dly1 & t a tradition
 exi/$ among/ !m ( ! resid5ce ( a       
,mon-e-to1 or _s1 ne> ! m\? ( !         
,miss\ri1 :i* !y c\ld n pass4 ,!y turn$ 
_! c\rse up ! ,ill9ois1 & 7 highly      
delight$ ) ! placid /ream1 & ! woodl&s &
 prairies ?r\gh :i* x fl[$4 ,!y 7       
hospitably receiv$ & k9dly treat$ by !  
,ill9ois1 a num]\s nation ( ,indians :o 
7 de/itute ( ! cruelty ( savages4 ,! ^w 
,ill9ois1 or ,ill9i1 is said by ,h5nep91
 to signify a full gr[n man4 ,?is nation
 appe>s to h orig9ally possess$ !       
,ill9ois c\ntry1 & also a portion we/ ( 
! ,mississippi4 ,! nation 0 made up (   

eight tribes3--! ,miamies1 ,mi*igamies1 
,mascot9s1 ,kaskaskias1 ,kahokias1      
,peorias1 ,pianke%aws1 & ,tau-m>-waus4  
,m>quette cont9u$ among ^! ,indians ) a 
view to *ri/ianize !m2 b ,joliet return$
 to ,canada & report$ ! discov]ies he _h
 made4  ,sev]al ye>s elaps$ be=e any "o 
attempt$ to foll[ up ! discov]ies (     
,m>quette & ,joliet4 ,m4 de ,la ,salle1 
a native ( ,norm&y1 b :o _h resid$ _m   
ye>s 9 ,canada1 0 ! fir/ to ext5d ^!    
e>ly discov]ies4 ,he 0 a man (          
intellig5ce1 tal5ts1 ent]prise1 &       
p]sev]ance4 ,aft] obta9+ ! sanction ( ! 
k+ ( ,france1 he set out on 8 project$  
exp$ition1 9 #afgh1 f ,front5ac1 )      
,*evali] ,tonti1 8 lieut5ant1 & ,fa!r   
,h5nep91 a ,jesuit mission>y1 & ?irty or
 =ty m54  ,he sp5t ab\t "o ye> 9 explor+
 ! c\ntry bord]+ on ! lakes1 & 9 select+
 positions = =ts & trad+ po/s1 to secure
 ! ,indian trade to ! ,fr5*4 ,aft] he _h
 built a =t at ,niag>a1 & fitt$ out a   
small vessel1 he sail$ ?r\gh ! lakes to 
,gre5 bay1 !n call$ ! ,bay ( ,puants4 ,f

 !nce he proce$$ ) 8 m5 9 canoes t[>ds !
 s\? end ( lake ,mi*igan1 & arriv$ at ! 
m\? ( ! riv] ( ! ,miamis 9 ,novemb]1    
#afgi4 ,?is is ?\ght to be ! ,milwaukee 
9 ,wiscons9 ,t]ritory4 ,"h he built a   
=t1 left eight or t5 m51 & pass$ ) ! re/
 ( 8 company across ! c\ntry to ! wat]s 
( ! ,ill9ois riv]1 & desc5d$ t riv] a   
consid]able di/ance1 :5 he 0 /opp$ =    
want ( supplies4 ,?is 0 occasion$ by !  
loss ( a boat :i* _h be5 s5t f 8 po/ on 
,gre5 bay4 ,he 0 n[ compell$ by         
necessity to build a =t1 :i*1 on acc\nt 
( ! anxiety ( m9d he exp]i5c$1 0 call$  
,creve-coeur1 or brok5 he>t4  ,!        
position ( ?is =t _c n[ be asc]ta9$2 b f
 "s appe>ances1 x is ?\ght to h be5 ne> 
,spr+ bay1 9 ! nor!a/ "p ( ,tazewell    
c\nty4  ,at ?is p]iod ! ,ill9ois 7      
engag$ 9 a w> ) ! ,iroquois1 a num]\s1  
w>like1 & cruel nation1 ) :om ,la ,salle
 _h trad$1 :ile on ! bord]s ( ,canada4  
,! =m]1 accord+ to ,indian notions (    
fri5d%ip1 expect$ assi/ance f ! ,fr5*2 b
 ! int]e/s & safety ( ,la ,salle dep5d$ 

^u t]m9at+ ?is w>f>e1 & to ?is object he
 direct$ 8 /r5u\s ef=ts4 ,! suspici\s   
,ill9ois con/ru$ ?is into trea*]y1 :i* 0
 /r5g!n$ by ! malici\s & p]fidi\s       
conduct ( "s ( 8 own m51 & pron\nc$ ^u  
him ! s5t5ce ( dea?4 ,imm$iately he =m$ 
& execut$ ! bold & haz>d\s project ( go+
 alone & un>m$ to ! camp ( ! ,ill9ois1 &
 v9dicat+ 8 conduct4 ,he decl>$ 8       
innoc5ce ( ! *>ges1 & dem&$ ! au?or4 ,he
 urg$ t ! w> %\ld be t]m9at$1 & t !     
ho/ile nations %\ld live 9 peace4  ,!   
coolness1 brav]y1 & eloqu5ce ( ,la      
,salle fill$ ! ,indians ) a/oni%m5t1 &  
entirely *ang$ _! purposes4 ,! calumet 0
 smok$1 pres5ts mutually ex*ang$1 & a   
treaty ( amity conclud$4  ,! orig9al    
project ( discov]y 0 n[ pursu$4 ,fa!r   
,h5nep9 />t$ on ! #bh? ( ,febru>y1      
#afhj1 & hav+ pass$ d[n ! ,ill9ois1     
asc5d$ ! ,mississippi to ! falls ( ,/4  
,an?ony4 ,"h he 0 tak5 prison]1 robb$1 &
 c>ri$ to ! ,indian villages1 f :i* he  
made 8 escape1 return$ to ,canada by !  
way ( ! ,wiscons91 & f !nce to ,france1 

:]e he publi%$ an acc\nt ( 8 travels4   
,la ,salle visit$ ,canada to obta9      
supplies1 return$ to ,creve-coeur1 &    
%ortly aft] desc5d$ ! ,ill9ois1 & !n !  
,mississippi1 :]e he built "o or two =ts
 on its banks1 & took possession ( !    
c\ntry 9 ! "n ( ! k+ ( ,france1 & 9     
honor ( him call$ x ,l\isiana4  ,"o ( ^!
 =ts is ?\ght to h be5 built on ! we/   
side ( ! riv]1 betwe5 ,/4 ,l\is &       
,c>ondalet4  ,aft] desc5d+ !            
,mississippi to its m\?1 he return$ to !
 ,ill9ois1 & on 8 way back left "s ( 8  
companions to occupy ! c\ntry4 ,?is is  
suppos$ to h be5 ! comm5cem5t ( !       
villages ( ,kaskaskia & ,cahokia1 9     
#afhc4 ,la ,salle w5t to ,france1 fitt$ 
out an exp$ition to =m a colony at ! m\?
 ( ! ,mississippi1 sail$ to ! gulf (    
,mexico1 b n be+ able to f9d ! m\?s ( t 
riv]1 he comm5c$ an ov]l& j\rney to 8 =t
 on ! ,ill9ois4 ,on ?is j\rney he 0     
basely assass9at$ by two ( 8 own m54#c  
,aft] ! dea? ( ,la ,salle1 no attempts  
to discov] ! m\? ( ! ,mississippi 7 made

 till ab\t #afii1 b ! settlem5ts 9 !    
,ill9ois c\ntry 7 gradually increas$ by 
emigrants f ,canada4  ,9 #agab1 ! k+ (  
,france1 by lett]s pat5t1 gave ! :ole   
c\ntry ( ,l\isiana to ,m4 ,crosat1 ) !  
comm]ce ( ! c\ntry1 ) ! pr(its ( all !  
m9es1 res]v+ = 8 own use "o fif? ( !    
gold & silv]4 ,aft] exp5d+ l>ge sums 9  
digg+ & explor+ = ! preci\s metals )\t  
success1 ,crosat gave up 8 privilege to 
! k+1 9 #agag4 ,soon aft]1 ! colony 0   
grant$ to ! ,mississippi company1       
project$ by ,mr4 ,law1 :i* took         
possession ( ,l\isiana1 & appo9t$ ,m4   
,bi5ville gov]nor4 ,9 #agai1 ,la ,h>pe  
comm&$ a =t ) ,fr5* troops1 n f> f ! m\?
 ( ! ,miss\ri riv]4  ,%ortly aft]1      
sev]al =ts 7 built )9 ! pres5t limits ( 
,ill9ois1 ( :i* =t ,*>tres 0 ! mo/      
consid]able4 ,by ^! means a *a9 (       
communication 0 =m$ f ,canada to ! m\? (
 ! ,mississippi4  ,9 #afii1 ,m4         
,ibb]ville arriv$ 9 ! gulf ( ,mexico )  
two frigates1 & 9 ,m>* asc5d$ ! riv] 9 a
 felucca "o hundr$ leagues1 & return$ by

 ! bay\ or outlet t be>s 8 "n1 ?r\gh    
lake ,pon*>tra9 to ! gulf4 ,he plant$ 8 
colony at ,biloxi1 a heal?y b /]ile spot
 betwe5 ! ,mobile & ,mississippi riv]s1 
& built a =tification4 ,dur+ sev]al     
succe$+ ye>s mu* explor+ 0 done1 &      
consid]able trade c>ri$ on ) ! ,indians 
= peltries1 yet ^! exp$itions 7 a s\rce 
( mu* exp5se to ,france4  ,9 ,janu>y1   
#agjb1 ! colony at ,mobile 0 plant$2    
sev]al o!r settlem5ts 7 soon aft] =m$4  
,! ,ca?olics also comm5c$ sev]al        
missions among/ ! ,indians4             
,difficulties frequ5tly occurr$ ) _!    
,spani% neighbors 9 ,florida & ,mexico4 
,m4 ,ibb]ville di$ 9 #agjf1 & ,m4       
,bi5ville succe$$ him 9 ! gov]nm5t (    
,l\isiana = _m ye>s4 ,! city ( ,new     
,orleans 0 f\nd$1 dur+ 8 adm9i/ration1 9
 #agai4 ,x is situat$ on ! ea/ bank ( ! 
,mississippi1 "o hundr$ & five miles f  
its m\?4 ,f #agbc to #agcj1 ! ,fr5* _h  
ext]m9at+ w>s ) ! ,nat*ez1 a p[]ful     
nation ( ,indians4 ,!y _h kill$ #gjj    
,fr5* 9 #agbc1 & ab\t #agcj ! ,fr5*     

ext]m9at$ ! nation4 ,v>i\s w>s took     
place subsequ5tly ) ! ,spani% & ,engli%4
 ,b ov] mo/ ( ! ,indians along !        
,mississippi1 ^! ,fr5* coloni/s ga9$    
extraord9>y influ5ce4--,dur+ ?is p]iod  
emigrants cont9u$ to arrive f ,france1 s
 t ! coloni/s rapidly increas$ 9 numb]s4
  ,! ,mississippi l& s*eme1 or bubble z 
x 0 call$1 orig9at$ ) ! celebrat$ ,john 
,law 9 #agag1 :i* soon bur/ & spread ru9
 ?r\gh\t ! moni$ int]e/s ( ,france4 ,!  
am\nt ( /ock creat$1 0 said to equal    
#caj1jjj1jjj ( doll>s4 ,! :ole prov$ an 
entire failure1 b x s]v$ to increase    
greatly ! population ( ,l\isiana1 s t f 
#agcf1 ! colonies 9 ! ,l[] ,valley      
prosp]$4  ,9 #aged1 ! w> comm5c$ betwe5 
,france & ,engl& relative to ! b\nd>ies 
( ! ,canadas4 ,at t p]iod ,france claim$
 all ! c\ntries we/ ( ! ,alleghany      
m\nta9s1 :ile ,engl& on ! o!r h& _h     
grant$ to ,virg9ia1 ,connecticut & o!r  
colonies1 *>t]s :i* ext5d$ across !     
cont95t to ! ,s\? ,sea1 z ! ,pacific    
ocean 0 !n call$4 ,a grant also 0 made  

by ,virg9ia1 & ! cr[n ( ,great ,brita91 
( #fjj1jjj acres to a company call$ ,!  
,ohio ,company4 ,! gov]nor ( ,new       
,france1 z ,canada & ,l\isiana 0 !n     
call$1 prote/$1 erect$ =ts on lake      
,erie1 & at ! pres5t site ( ,pittsburg1 
& enli/$ ! ,indians aga9/ ! ,engli% &   
,am]icans4 ,pittsburg 0 !n call$ ,=t du 
,quesne4 ,!n foll[$ ,braddock's w>1 z   
?is conte/ is call$ 9 ! we/1--! mission 
( ,major 7aft]w>d ,g5]al7 ,wa%+ton1--!  
defeat ( ,braddock2 & f9ally by !       
memorable victory ( ,wolfe at ,quebec1 &
 ! less] ones at ,niag>a & ,ticond]oga1 
& by victories ( ! ,engli% fleet on !   
ocean1 ! ,fr5* 7 humbl$1 & at ! treaty (
 ,p>is1 9 #agfc1 surr5d]$ all _! claims 
to ! c\ntry ea/ ( ! ,mississippi4 ,t[>ds
 ! close ( ! w>1 h[ev]1 ,france1 by a   
secret treaty1 c$$ all ! c\ntry we/ ( ! 
,mississippi1 & includ+ ,new ,orleans1  
to ,spa91 :o held possession till #ahjc1
 :5 x 0 deliv]$ to ! ,fr5* gov]nm5t "u  
,napoleon1 & by him c$$ to ! ,unit$     
,/ates = #ae1jjj1jjj ( doll>s4  ,!      

,engli% held possession ( ! milit>y     
po/s1 & ex]cis$ jurisdiction ov] !      
c\ntry ( ,ill9ois1 & ! adjac5t regions1 
till #aggh1 dur+ ! revolution>y w>2 :5  
by a secret exp$ition1 )\t direct       
legislative sanction1 b by a mo/        
ent]pris+1 skilful1 & haz>d\s milit>y   
manoeuvre1 ! po/s ( ,kaskaskia1         
,cahokia1 ,=t ,*>tres & ,v9c5nes 7      
captur$ by ,g54 ,,george ,,rog]s ,,cl>k1
 ) a small =ce ( volunte] ,am]icans1 & t
 portion ( ! ,valley fell "u !          
jurisdiction ( ,virg9ia4  ,! legislature
 ( ,virg9ia sanction$ ! exp$ition (     
,cl>k1 :i* ! ,executive1 ,patrick ,h5ry 
& 8 c\ncil1 ) ,?omas ,jeff]son1 ,george 
,wy!1 & ,george ,mason1 by writt5       
in/ructions1 _h agre$ %\ld be done1 & a 
c\nty call$ ,ill9ois 0 organiz$ ! same  
ye>4  ,9 #aghd1 ,virg9ia1 9 conjunction 
) o!r /ates1 c$$ all claims to ! ,great 
,we/1 to ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 res]v+ c]ta9  
tracts = ! paym5t ( revolution>y claims4
 ,?is cession laid ! f\ndation = five   
new /ates nor?we/ ( ,ohio1 :5 ea*       

di/rict %\ld h #fj1jjj inhabitants1 &   
ev5 a less numb]1 by cons5t ( ,congress4
 ,two re/rictions 7 p]emptorily         
enjo9$1--t ea* /ate %\ld adopt a        
con/itution ) a republican =m (         
gov]nm5t1 & t slav]y or involunt>y      
s]vitude1 %\ld be =ev] prohibit$4  ,x is
 unnecess>y "h to ent] into details ( ! 
settlem5t ( ea* p>ticul> /ate1--!       
incessant attacks f ! ,indians1--! bord]
 w>s t ensu$1--! adv5tures ( ,boone & 8 
associates 9 settl+ ,k5tucky1--!        
un=tunate campaigns ( ,h>m> & ,/4       
,clair1--! victori\s "o ( ,wayne1--or ! 
rem9isc5ces & ev5ts ( ! w> ( #ahab1 &   
its t]m9ation 9 #ahae4 ,"s hi/orical    
notices ( ea* /ate may be f\nd 9 _!     
prop] place4  ,prospective increase (   
,population4 ,= a long p]iod1 9 ! /ates 
( ! we/1 ! increase ( population 0 sl[1 
& ret>d$ by sev]al causes4 ,difficulties
 ( a =midable "* _h to be surm\nt$4 ,!  
foot/eps ( ! ,am]ican emigrants 7       
ev]y:]e dr5*$ 9 blood1 %$ by infuriat$  
savage foes1 & be=e #agij m ?an #e1jjj  

p]sons _h be5 murd]$1 or tak5 captive & 
lo/ to ! settlem5ts4 ,x has be5 e/imat$1
 t 9 ! %ort space ( sev5 ye>s1 f #aghc  
to #agij1 m ?an fifte5 hundr$ ( !       
inhabitants ( ,k5tucky 7 ei!r massacr$  
or c>ri$ away into a captivity worse ?an
 dea?1 by ! ,indians2 & an equal numb] f
 ,we/]n ,p5nsylvania & ,virg9ia1 9 !    
same p]iod1 met ) a simil> fate4 ,!     
settl]s on ! fronti]s 7 almo/ con/antly1
 = a p]iod ( =ty ye>s1 h>ass$ ei!r by   
actual attacks ( ! savages1 or ! daily  
expectation ( !m4 ,! tomahawk & ! scalp+
 knife1 7 ! objects ( _! fe>s by day &  
by night4#d  ,h5ce1 9 sugge/+ reasons   
%[+ :y ! population ( ?is ,valley mu/   
increase 9 future 9 a f> great] ratio   
?an 9 ! pa/1 x w appe>3  #a4 ,t ! mo/   
p]fect security is n[ enjoy$ by all     
emigrants1 bo? = _! families & prop]ty4 
,by ! wise & b5efic5t arrangem5t (      
gov]nm5t1 ! ,indian tribes h ne>ly all  
remov$ to ! ,t]ritory specially allott$ 
= _! occupancy we/ ( ,miss\ri &         
,arkansas4 ,! gr& error committ$ 9 pa/  

times 9 relation to ! ,indians1 & :i*   
has be5 ! s\rce ( incalculable evils to 
bo? races1 has be5 ! want ( def9ite1    
fix$ & p]man5t l9es ( dem>cation betwixt
 !m4 ,x w be se5 "u ! prop] head1 t a   
sy/em ( measures is n[ 9 op]ation t w n 
only pres]ve peace betwe5 ! fronti]     
settlem5ts & ! ,indian tribes1 b t to a 
great ext5t1 !y are becom+ initiat$ into
 ! habits ( civiliz$ life4 ,!re is n[ no
 m dang] to ! population ( ^! /ates &   
t]ritories f ,indian depr$ations1 ?an to
 ! p ( ! ,atlantic /ates4  #b4 ,!       
increas$ facilities ( emigration1 & !   
advantage ( sure & c]ta9 m>kets = e     
species ( production1 furni%es a second 
reason :y population w increase 9 !     
we/]n ,valley beyond any =m] p]iod4     
,be=e ! pur*ase ( ,l\isiana1 ! we/]n p  
_h no outlet = _! produce1 & ! *ief mode
 ( obta9+ e description ( m]*&ize1--ev5 
salt & iron1--0 by ! sl[ & exp5sive     
me?od ( transportation by wagons &      
pack-horses1 across almo/ impassible    
m\nta9s & extremely difficult roads4    

,n[1 e conv5i5ce & luxury ( life is     
c>ri$ ) comp>ative ease1 to e t[n &     
settlem5t ?r\gh\t ! ,valley1 & e species
 ( produce is s5t (f 9 v>i\s directions1
 to e port on e>? if necess>y4 ,& ^!    
facilities are multiply+ & increas+ e   
h\r3 ,turnpike roads1 rail roads1       
canals1 & /eamboat navigation h already 
provid$ su* facilities = remov+ f !     
,atlantic to ! ,we/]n ,/ates1 t no      
family desir\s ( remov+1 ne$ hesitate or
 make a s+le inquiry z to facilities (  
gett+ to ?is c\ntry4  #c4 ,! facilities 
( trade & int]c\rse betwe5 ! diff]5t    
sections ( ! ,valley1 are n[ sup]ior to 
mo/ c\ntries on e>?1 & are increas+ e   
ye>4 ,& no c\ntry on e>? admits ( su*   
indef9ite improvem5t ei!r by l& or wat]4
 ,m ?an tw5ty ?\s& miles ( actual       
/eamboat navigation1 ) sev]al hundr$    
miles ( canal navigation1 con/ruct$ or  
comm5c$1 atte/ ! tru? ( ?is /atem5t4 ,! 
fir/ /eamboat on ! we/]n wat]s 0 built  
at ,pittsburg 9 #ahaa1 & n m ?an sev5 or
 eight _h be5 built1 :5 ! writ] emigrat$

 to ?is c\ntry 9 #ahag4 ,at ?is p]iod1  
7,janu>y #ahcf17 !re are sev]al hundr$  
boats on ! we/]n wat]s1 & "s ( ! l>ge/  
size4 ,9 #ahag1 ab\t tw5ty b>ges1 av]ag+
 ab\t "o hundr$ tons ea*1 p]=m$ ! :ole  
comm]cial bus9ess ( transport+ m]*&ize f
 ,new ,orleans to ,l\isville &          
,c9c9nati4 ,ea* p]=m$ "o trip1 go+ &    
return+ )9 ! ye>4 ,ab\t #aej keel boats 
p]=m$ ! bus9ess on ! ,upp] ,ohio to     
,pittsburg4 ,^! av]ag$ ab\t #cj tons    
ea*1 & 7 employ$ "o mon? 9 mak+ ! voyage
 f ,l\isville to ,pittsburg4 ,?ree days1
 or ?ree days & a half is n[ ! usual "t 
occupi$ by ! /eam packets betwe5 ! two  
places1 & f sev5 to twelve days betwe5  
,l\isville & ,new ,orleans4 ,f\r days is
 ! "t ( pass+ f ! =m] place to ,/4      
,l\is4  #d4 ,a f\r? reason :y population
 w increase 9 future 9 a great] ratio   
?an ! pa/ is d]iv$ f ! increase (       
population 9 ! ,atlantic /ates1 & !     
great] desire = removal to ! we/4 ,at ! 
close ( ! revolution>y w> ! population (
 ! :ole ,union b little exce$$ two      

millions4 ,va/ tracts ( wild]ness !n    
exi/$ 9 ! old /ates1 :i* h s9ce be5     
subdu$1 & f :5ce ?\s&s ( ent]pris+      
citiz5s are press+ _! way into ! ,great 
,valley4 ,two ?irds ( ! t]ritory ( ,new 
,york1 l>ge portions ( ,new ,hamp%ire1  
,v]mont & ,ma9e1 an ext5sive di/rict 9  
middle ,p5nsylvania1 to say no?+ ( wide 
regions 9 ! s\!rn /ates1 7 compris$ 9   
?is wild]ness4 ,^! ext5sive regions h   
become popul\s1 & are s5d+ out va/      
numb]s ( emigrants to ! we/4 ,europe is 
9 commotion1 & ! emigration to ,nor?    
,am]ica1 9 #ahcb1 rea*$ #bjj1jjj1 a due 
proportion ( :i* settle 9 ! ,we/]n      
,valley4  #e4 ,a fif? reason w be f\nd$ 
^u ! imm5se am\nt ( l& = ! occupancy (  
an indef9ite numb] ( emigrants1 mu* (   
:i* w n co/ ! pur*as] ov] "o doll> &    
tw5ty-five c5ts p] acre4 ,)\t giv+ !    
extravagant e/imates t h be5 made by _m 
writ]s ( ! wide & un9habitable des]t    
betwe5 ! ,indian ,t]ritory we/ (        
,miss\ri & ,arkansas1 & ! ,rocky        
m\nta9s1 nor swampy & froz5 regions at !

 heads ( ! ,mississippi riv]1 & ar\nd   
lake ,sup]ior1 ,i w m]ely exhibit !     
am\nt ( l&s admitt+ ( imm$iate settlem5t
 & cultivation1 )9 ! b\nd>ies ( ! new   
,/ates & organiz$ ,t]ritories4  ,accord+
 to ! report ( ! ,secret>y ( ! ,treasury
 up to ! #cj? day ( ,septemb]1 #ahca1 ! 
e/imat$ am\nt ( unsold l&s1 on :i* !    
=eign & ,indian titles _h be5 ext+ui%$1 
)9 ! limits ( ! new ,/ates &            
,t]ritories1 0 #bbg1bic1hhd acres2--& t 
! ,indian title rema9$ on #aac1egg1hfi  
acres )9 ! same limits4#e ,!            
,commission] ( ! ,g5]al ,l& ,(fice 9    
,decemb]1 #ahbg1 e/imat$ ! public doma91
 beyond ! b\nd>ies ( ! new ,/ates &     
,t]ritories1 to be #gej millions (      
acres4 ,mu* ( ?is h[ev]1 is             
un9habitable4  ,accord+ to ! ,report (  
#ahca1 !re _h be5 grant$ to ,ohio1      
,indiana1 ,ill9ois1 & ,alabama = int]nal
 ,improvem5ts1 #b1ahg1ffe acres2--=     
,colleges1 ,academies & ,univ]sities 9 !
 new ,/ates & ,t]ritories1 #ejh1jji2--;=
 education1 be+ ! ?irty-six? "p ( !     

public l&s appropriat$ to common s*ools1
 #g1ieb1ech acres2--& = seats ( gov]nm5t
 to "s ( ! new ,/ates & ,t]ritories1    
#ba1ehi acres4 ,up to ,janu>y1 #ahbf1   
!re _h be5 sold1 f ! comm5cem5t ( ! l&  
sy/em1 only #ai1bci1dab acres4 ,s9ce t  
p]iod to ! close ( #ahce1 !re h be5     
sold1 ab\t #cc millions ( acres1 mak+ 9 
all sold1 a little m ?an #eb millions4  
,?is /atem5t includes ,alabama &        
,florida1 :i* we h n consid]$ z /rictly 
)9 ! ,valley4 ,aft] a ha/y & some:at    
imp]fect e/imate ( ! public l&s t are n[
 9 m>ket1 or w be br\ght into m>ket )9 a
 few ye>s1 )9 ! limits ( ,ohio1         
,indiana1 ,ill9ois1 ,miss\ri1           
,mississippi1 ,l\isiana1 ,arkansas1     
,mi*igan1 & ! ,t]ritory ( ,wiscons91 !  
am\nt may be put at #acj millions (     
acres4 ,?is am\nt admits ( imm$iate     
settlem5t & cultivation1 & mu* ( x may  
be put "u cultivation )\t ! imm5se labor
 ( cle>+ & subdu+ =e/ l&s4  ,! comp>ison
 betwe5 ! am\nt ( sales ( public l&s )9 
! la/ t5 ye>s1 & ! prec$+ =ty ye>s1 %[s 

t emigration to ! ,we/ is increas+ at a 
ratio beyond :at is ord9>ily suppos$1 & 
t ! next t5 ye>s w f9d a majority ( !   
population ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates )9 ?is     
,great ,valley4   ,sales ( l& f #aghf to
 #ahbf1 7#dj ye>s7 #ai1bci1dab acres4   
f #ahbf to #ahce1 7#aj ye>s7 #cc1jjj1jjj
 acres4  ,?ree millions ( families may  
f9d f>ms 9 ! ,we/4  ,! ext5sive prairie 
l&s ( ,ill9ois & ,miss\ri pres5t no     
ob/acle to ! settlem5t ( ! c\ntry4      
,already1 prairies = _m miles 9 ext5t h 
be5 turn$ into f>ms4  #f4 ,a six? reason
 :y ! increase ( ! future population ( !
 ,valley w greatly exce$ ! pa/1 is d]iv$
 f ! increas$ confid5ce ( ! community 9 
! g5]al heal? ( ! c\ntry4 ,! mo/        
unreasonable notions h prevail$ abroad  
relative to ! heal? ( ! we/]n /ates4    
,all new settlem5ts are m or less       
unfavorable to heal?1 :i*1 :5 cultivat$ 
& settl$ become heal?y4 ,z a sep>ate    
*apt] w be devot$ to ?is subject1 ,i    
only adv]t to ! fact n[ ( ! increas$    
confid5ce ( ! p 9 ! ,atlantic ,/ates1 9 

! salubrity ( our we/]n climate1 :i*    
already has t5d$ to increase emigration2
 b :i*1 f facts becom+ m g5]ally kn[n1 w
 op]ate to a mu* great] ext5t 9 future4 
#g4 ,i w only add t !re is already a    
great am\nt ( intellig5ce1 & ( excell5t 
society 9 all ! settl$ portions ( !     
,we/]n ,valley4  ,! idea is no long]    
ent]ta9$ by ,ea/]n p1 t go+ to ! ,we/1  
or ! ',backwoods1' z x 0 =m]ly call$1 is
 to remove to a hea!n l&1 to a l& (     
ignorance & b>b>ism1 :]e ! p d no?+ b   
rob1 & fight1 & g\ge6 ,"s p>ts ( ! ,we/ 
h obta9$ ?is "*1 b mo/ undes]v$ly1 f !  
,fe>ons1 ! ,basil ,halls1 ! ,trollopes1 
& o!r ignorant & insol5t travell]s f    
,engl&1 :o1 because !y 7 n all[$ to     
insult & outrage z !y pleas$1 ) ,p>?ian 
_s1 hurl$ back ^u u _! poison$ javel9s &
 d>ts z !y left u4 ,!re is inde$ mu*    
de/itution ( moral influ5ce & means (   
in/ruction 9 _m1 v _m1 neighborhoods ( !
 ,we/4 ,b !re is 9 all ! pr9cipal t[ns a
 /ate ( society1 ) :i* ! mo/ ref9$1 ,i 0
 go+ to say ! mo/ fa/idi\s1 ( ! ea/]n   

cities ne$ n be a%am$ to m+le4--,baird4 
,! ea/]n emigrant w f9d1 t :olesome     
legislation1 & mu* ( ! influ5ce (       
religion are enjoy$ 9 ! ,valley ( !     
,mississippi1 ext5d+ to him all he c ask
 9 ! enjoym5t ( 8 rights1 & ! protection
 ( 8 prop]ty4  ,common ,s*ool sy/ems h  
be5 comm5c$ 9 "s ( ! /ates1--o!rs are   
foll[+ _! example1 & ! subject ( g5]al  
education is receiv+ increas+ att5tion e
 ye>4 ,colleges & o!r lit]>y in/itutions
 are plant$1 & religi\s in/itutions &   
means ( religi\s in/ruction are rapidly 
increas+4 ,noble & successful ef=ts are 
mak+ by ! ,bible1 ,mission>y1 ,tract1   
,sabba? ,s*ool1 ,temp]ance1 & o!r       
,societies 9 ! ,we/4 ,great & rapid     
*anges are tak+ place1 if n to ! ext5t  
we desire1 yet correspond+ 9 a degree ) 
! gigantic m>* ( emigration &           
population4 ,_m o!r reasons might be    
urg$ to %[ t its prospective increase ( 
population w va/ly exce$ ! ratio ( its  
retrospective increase1 b ^! are        
suffici5t4  ,,footnotes3  #c ,la ,salle 

appe>s to h discov]$ ! ,bay ( ,/4       
,b]n>d1 & =m$ a settlem5t on ! we/]n    
side ( ! ,colorado1 9 #afhe4--,see ,j4  
,q4 ,adams's ,correspond5ce ) ,don      
,onis4 ,pub4 ,doc4 fir/ session #ae?    
,congress1 #ahah4  #d ,baird4  #e ,see  
,mr4 ,clay's ,report on ! ,public ,l&s1 
,april #bf1 #ahcb1 ,u4 ,s4 ,pap]s4      
,,*apt] ,,iii4  ,,climate4  ,comp>ative 
view ( ! ,climate ) ! ,atlantic ,/ates4 
,diseases4--,means ( pres]v+ heal?4     
,climate1 c4 ,9 a c\ntry ( su* va/      
ext5t1 ?r\gh #ae deg4 ( latitude1 !     
climate mu/ necess>ily be v>i\s4        
,l\isiana1 ,mississippi & ! l[] half (  
,arkansas1 lie betwe5 ! latitudes ( #cj 
deg4 & #ce deg41 & correspond ) ,georgia
 & ,s\? ,c>ol9a4 ,_! diff]5ce ( climate 
is n mat]ial4 ,! nor!rn half (          
,arkansas1 ,t5nessee & ,k5tucky1 lie we/
 f ,nor? ,c>ol9a & ! s\!rn portion (    
,virg9ia4 ,! climate v>ies f ^? /ates   
only z !y are less elevat$ ?an !        
m\nta9\s p>ts ( ,virg9ia & ,c>ol9a4     
,h5ce1 ! emigrant f ! s\!rn ,atlantic   

/ates1 unless he comes f a m\nta9\s     
region1 w exp]i5ce no great *ange (     
climate1 by emigrat+ to ! ,l[]          
,mississippi ,valley4 ,miss\ri1         
,ill9ois1 ,indiana & ,ohio1 lie p>allel 
) ! nor!rn half ( ,virg9ia1 ,m>yl&1     
,delaw>e1 ,p5nsylvania1 ,new ,j]sey1 & s
 mu* ( ,new ,york & ,new ,engl& z lies  
s\? ( ! #db deg4 ( nor? latitude4 ,b    
sev]al circum/ances comb9e to produce   
v>iations 9 ! climate4  #a4 ,mu* ( ^?   
,atlantic /ates are hilly1 & 9 _m p>ts  
m\nta9\s1 "s ( :i* are #b & #cjjj feet  
above ! level ( ! ocean4 ,! p>allel     
we/]n /ates h no m\nta9s1 & are n       
proportionably hilly4  #b4 ,! ,atlantic 
/ates bord] on ! ocean on ! ea/1 & feel 
! influ5ce ( ! cold1 damp w9ds f !      
nor!a/ & ea/4 ,_! ra9s are m copi\s & _!
 sn[s deep]4 ,! nor!rn portions ( !     
,we/1 equally ) ,new ,york & ,v]mont1   
are affect$ ) ! influ5ce ( ! lakes1 ?\gh
 n to ! same ext5t4  #e4 ,! c\rses (    
riv]s1 by *ang+ 9 "s degree ! direction 
( ! w9ds1 ex]t an influ5ce on ! climate4

 ,9 ! ,atlantic /ates1 f ,new ,engl& to 
,nor? ,c>ol9a1 ! riv]s run m or less to 
! s\!a/1 & increase ! w9ds :i* bl[ f !  
nor?we/1 :ile ! great b$ ( !            
,mississippi ex]ts an equal influ5ce 9  
augm5t+ ! numb] & /ead9ess ( ! w9ds :i* 
bl[ ov] x f ! s\?we/2 & !re is ano!r    
cause ( diff]5ce 9 climate1 *iefly      
p]ceptible1 fir/1 9 ! temp]ature1 :i*1  
if no c\nt]act+ cause exi/$1 !y w\ld    
raise 9 ! we/ consid]ably above t (     
correspond+ latitudes 9 ! ea/2 &1       
secondly1 9 ! moi/ure ( ! two regions1  
:i* is g5]ally great] we/ ?an ea/ ( !   
m\nta9s1 :5 ! s\?we/ w9d prevails2 z1   
mu* ( ! wat] ) :i* x comes *>g$ f !     
,gulf ( ,mexico1 is deposit$ be=e x     
rea*es ! c\ntry ea/ ( !                 
,alleghanies4--,dr4 ,drake4  ,x is an   
error t our climate is m v>iable1 or !  
summ]s mat]ially hott]1 ?an 9 a         
correspond5t latitude 9 ! ,atlantic     
/ates4 ,! ,new ,engl&] & ,new ,york]    
nor? ( ! m\nta9s ( ,we/ ,po9t1 %\ld be> 
9 m9d t 8 migration is n to ! ,we/ b    

,s\? ,we/2 & z necess>ily br+s him into 
a w>m] climate1 z :5 he seeks ! %ores ( 
! ,delaw>e1 ,potomac1 or ,james' ,riv]4 
,! settl]s f ,virg9ia to ,k5tucky1 or ^?
 f ,m>yl& & ,p5nsylvania to ,ohio1 or   
fur!r we/1 h nev] compla9$ ( hott]      
summ]s ?an !y _h f\nd 9 ! l& f :5ce !y  
came4  ,to in/itute a comp>ative e/imate
 ( temp]ature betwe5 ! ea/ & ! we/1 we  
mu/ obs]ve3 fir/1 ! !rmomet]2 &1        
secondly1 ! fl[]+ ( trees1 ! putt+ =? ( 
vegetation1 & ! rip5+ ( fruits & gra9 9 
correspond5t latitudes4 ,?is has n      
usually be5 done4 ,philadelphia &       
,c9c9nati approa* ne>] to ! same        
p>allel1 ?an any o!r places :]e su*     
obs]vations h be5 made4 ,c9c9nati1      
h[ev]1 is ab\t #ej' s\? ( ,philadelphia4
 ,! foll[+ rem>ks are f ,dr4 ,daniel    
,drake ( ,c9c9nati1 to ^: p5 ! we/ is   
mu* indebt$4  ,f a s]ies ( daily        
obs]vations 9 ,c9c9nati or its vic9ity1 
= eight consecutive ye>s1 ! mean annual 
temp]ature has be5 asc]ta9$ to be #ed   
degrees & a qu>t]4 ,dr4 ,ru% /ates !    

mean temp]ature ( ,philadelphia at #eb  
degrees & a half2 ,dr4 ,coxe1 f six     
ye>s' obs]vations1 at #ed deg4 & a six?2
 & ,mr4 ,legaux1 f sev5te5 ye>s'        
obs]vations1 at ,spr+ ,mill1 a few miles
 out ( ! city1 at #ec deg4 & a ?ird2 !  
mean t]m ( :i* results1 #ec deg4 & a    
?ird1 is b ! fraction ( a degree l[] ?an
 ! mean heat ( ,c9c9nati1 & actually    
less ?an %\ld be af=d$ by ! diff]5ce (  
latitude4  ,a ref]5ce to ! temp]atures (
 summ] & w9t]1 w give ne>ly ! same      
results4 ,f n9e ye>s' obs]vations1 7?ree
 at ,spr+ ,mill1 by ,mr4 ,legaux1 & six 
9 ,philadelphia1 by ,dr4 ,coxe17 ! mean 
summ] heat ( t "p ( ,p5nsylvania1 appe>s
 to be #gf degrees & six-t5?s4 ,! mean  
summ] heat at ,c9c9nati1 = an equal     
numb] ( ye>s1 0 #gd degrees & f\r-t5?s4 
,! av]age numb] ( days 9 :i* ! !rmomet] 
rose to #ij degrees or upw>ds1 dur+ !   
same p]iod1 0 f\rte5 ea* summ]2 & !     
greate/ elevation obs]v$ 0 #ih degrees3 
all ( :i* w\ld be> an almo/ exact       
comp>ison ) simil> obs]vations 9        

,p5nsylvania4 ,mr4 ,legaux /ates ! mo/  
int5se cold1 at ,spr+ ,mill1 f #aghg to 
#ahjf1 to h be5 #ag & five-t5?s degrees 
bel[ ciph]1--:ile )9 ! same p]iod x 0   
#ah deg4 at ,c9c9nati4 ,! av]age (      
extreme cold = sev]al ye>s1 z obs]v$ by 
,mr4 ,legaux1 0 "o & eight-t5?s ( a     
degree bel[ ciph]3--! same av]age at    
,c9c9nati1 0 two degrees bel[4 ,f all   
:i* we may conclude1 t ! banks ( !      
,delaw>e & ,ohio1 9 ! same latitudes1 h 
ne>ly ! same temp]ature4  ,! /ate (     
,ill9ois1 ext5d+ z x does ?r\gh five & a
 half degrees ( latitude1 has           
consid]able v>iation 9 its climate4 ,x  
has no m\nta9s1 & ?\gh undulat+1 x _c be
 call$ hilly4 ,its ext5sive prairies1 & 
level surface1 give great] scope to !   
w9ds1 especially 9 w9t]4 ,9 ! s\!rn "p (
 ! ,/ate1 dur+ ! ?ree w9t] mon?s1 sn[   
frequ5tly falls1 b seldom lies long4 ,9 
! nor!rn "p1 ! w9t]s are z cold1 b n s  
mu* sn[ falls1 z 9 ! same latitudes 9 ! 
,atlantic ,/ates4  ,! ,mississippi at   
,/4 ,l\is is frequ5tly froz5 ov]1 & is  

cross$ on ! ice1 & occasionally = sev]al
 weeks4 ,! hot season is long]1 ?\gh n m
 int5se1 ?an occasionally = a day or two
 9 ,new ,engl&4  ,dur+ ! ye>s           
#ahag-ah-ai1 ! ,rev4 ,mr4 ,gidd+s1 at   
,/4 ,l\is1 made a s]ies ( obs]vations ^u
 ,fahr5heit's !rmomet]4                 
,deg4   ,hund4  ,mean temp]ature = #ahag
                    #ee     #eb  ,d4    
d4      f ! beg9n+  ( ,may1 #ahah1 to ! 
end  ( ,april1 #ahai                    
#ef     #ih  ,mean temp]ature = #ahbj   
#ef     #ah  ,! mean ( ^! results is    
ab\t fifty-six degrees & a qu>t]4  ,!   
mean temp]ature ( ea* mon? dur+ ! above 
ye>s1 is z foll[s3                      
,deg4  ,hund4  ,janu>y                  
#cj    #fb  ,febru>y                    
#ch    #fe  ,m>*                     #dc
    #ac  ,april                     #eh 
#dg  ,may                       #fb     
#ff  ,june                      #gd     
#dg  ,july                      #gh     
#ff  ,augu/                    #gb      
#hh  ,septemb]                 #gj      

#aj  ,octob]                   #ei      
#jj  ,novemb]                  #ec      
#ac  ,decemb]                  #cd      
#cc  ,! mean temp]ature ( ! diff]5t     
seasons is z foll[s3  ,w9t]1            
#cd4ec--,spr+1 #ed4gd--,summ]1          
#gd4cd--;,autumn1 #fj4gg4  ,! greate/   
extremes ( heat & cold dur+ my resid5ce 
( eighte5 ye>s1 9 ! vic9ity ( ,/4 ,l\is1
 is z foll[s3  ,greate/ heat 9 ,july    
#ahbj1 & ,july #ahcc1 #ajj degrees4     
,greate/ cold ,janu>y #c;d1 #ahcd1 #ah  
degrees bel[ z]o1--,febru>y #h?1 #ahce1 
#bb degrees bel[ z]o4  ,! =ego+ facts w 
d\btless apply to ab\t "o half (        
,ill9ois4 ,?is climate also is subject  
to sudd5 *anges f heat to cold2 f wet to
 dry1 especially f ,novemb] to ,may4 ,! 
heat ( ! summ] bel[ ! #dj deg4 (        
latitude is m en]vat+1 & ! sy/em becomes
 m easily debilitat$ ?an 9 ! brac+      
atmosph]e ( a m nor!rly region4  ,at    
,m>ietta1 ,ohio1 9 lat4 #ci deg4 #be'   
,n4 & at ! junction ( ! ,musk+um riv] ) 
! ,ohio1 ! mean temp]ature = #ahcd1 0   

#eb degrees1 f\r-t5?s2 highe/ 9 ,augu/1 
#ie degrees1--l[e/1 ,janu>y1 at z]o4    
,fair days #bbe1--;cl\dy days #aaj4  ,at
 ,na%ville1 ,t5n4 #ahcd1 ! mean         
temp]ature 0 #ei degrees &              
sev5ty-six-hundr$?s2 maximum #ig1 m9imum
 #d above z]o4 ,! summ] temp]ature ( ?is
 place nev] rea*es #ajj deg4 ,on ,janu>y
 #bf?1 #ahcb1 #ah degrees bel[ z]o4     
,febru>y #h?1 #ahce1 #aj deg4 bel[ z]o4 
,! putt+ =? ( vegetation 9 ! spr+       
furni%es "s evid5ce ( ! "* ( ! climate (
 any c\ntry1 ?\gh by no means entirely  
accurate4 ,o!r causes comb9e to advance 
or ret>d vegetation4 ,a wet or dry      
season1 or a few days ( heat or cold at 
a p>ticul> crisis1 w produce mat]ial    
*anges4  ,! foll[+ table is con/ruct$ f 
memor&a made at ! v>i\s dates giv51 ne> 
! latitude ( ,/4 ,l\is1 :i* is comput$  
at #ch deg4 #cj'4 ,! obs]vations ( #ahai
 7 made at ,/4 ,*>les & vic9ity1 9 !    
/ate ( ,miss\ri4 ,^? ( #ahbj1 9 ,/4     
,l\is c\nty1 #ag miles ,n4 ,w4 f ! city 
( ,/4 ,l\is4 ,! rema9d] at ,rock ,spr+1 

,ill9ois1 #ah miles ea/ f ,/4 ,l\is4 ,x 
w be p]ceiv$1 ! ye>s are n consecutive4 
,9 #ahbf1 ! writ] 0 abs5t to ! ea/]n    
/ates1 & = #ahbh1 8 notes 7 too imp]fect
 to answ] ! purpose4  ,9 ! columns %[+ !
 times ( ! fir/ sn[s1 & ! fir/ & la/    
fro/s 9 ! season1 a little explanation  
may be necess>y4 ,a light sn[ means     
m]ely en\gh to :it5 ! e>?1 & :i* usually
 disappe>s 9 a few h\rs4  ,_m ( ! fro/s 
record$ light 7 n sev]e en\gh to kill   
ord9>y vegetation4        ,pea*         
,/rawb]ries,blackb]ries,apple    ,apple 
,r$ bud   9          9          leaves  
trees 9   ,ye>49 blossomblossom4        
blossom4    beg9 to blossom4            
put =?                                  
#ahai ,april #d4  ,n not$4  ,may #ai4   
,april #ae4;,april #bj4                 
----------------------------------------
-----------------       ,april #ad4     
,may #aj4                         #ahbj 
,no pea*  ,april #b4    fall (f    ,m>4 
#be  ,april #ae4       ,b4              
#ag4                                    

----------------------------------------
-----------------       ,april #bf4     
#ahba ,no pea*  ,april #cj4   ,may #ba4 
,april #bd4,may #c4          ,b4        
----------------------------------------
-----------------                       
#ahbb ,april #e4  ,april #be4   ,may    
#aj4     ,april #ah4;,april #bb4        
----------------------------------------
-----------------                       
#ahbc ,april #ai4 ,april #bf4   ,may    
#bj4     ,april #ae4;,april #bh4        
----------------------------------------
-----------------                       
#ahbd ,april #bj4 ,april #bh4   ,may    
#ah4     ,april #bj4;,april #bi4        
----------------------------------------
-----------------                 ,april
 #c4                                    
#ahbe ,m>4 #be4  ,ripe        ,may #h4  
,m>4 #cj4 ,april #e4                    
,may #ag4                               
----------------------------------------
-----------------                       
#ahbg ,april #d4  ,april #aj4   ,may    

#ae4     ,april #d4 ,april #ac4         
----------------------------------------
-----------------                       
#ahbi ,april #bj4 ,april #bd4   ,may    
#bj4     ,april #bj4;,april #bf4        
----------------------------------------
-----------------                       
#ahcj ,april #a4  ,april #e4    ,may #i4
      ,april #a4 ,april #i4             
cont9u$        ,grass    ,oaks &        
,fir/       ,la/        ,fir/       gre5
 9 o!r =e/sn[ on     fro/ 9    fro/ 9   
,ye>4prairies4trees       approa*       
,spr+4     ,autumn4                put  
=?   ( w9t]4                            
leaves4                                 
#ahai ,april #ah4;,half size   ,oct4 #h4
 few ,may #ah1     ,sept4 #bc4          
,may #ai4     flakes4     v light4      
----------------------------------------
--------------------                    
,april #bb4   ,oct4 #bd4 few,june #a1   
,sept4 #bj4  #ahbj ,april #aj4;full size
   flakes4 ,nov4v light4 ,oct4 #h1      
,may #g4      #aa #c in*es4             

ice4                                    
----------------------------------------
--------------------                ,ap4
 #bf to   ,nov4 #h4     ,april #ah1     
#ahba ,april #bf4,may #c4 f4   #b-a_/b  
94     sev]e4     ,oct4 #h              
gr[n #bb                ,may #i1 light  
----------------------------------------
--------------------                    
,april #bi4   ,nov4 #af1    ,april #af1 
#ahbb ,april #aj4;full size   light4    
sev]e1 ice4,oct4 #ac4                   
,may #ad4                               
----------------------------------------
--------------------                    
#ahbc ,april #aj4;,april #bc4   ,nov4   
#a1     ,april #bd4   ,sp4 #ba-b4       
light4                  ,ice #bc4       
----------------------------------------
--------------------                    
,oct4 #ba4  #ahbd ,april #ad4;,april    
#cj4   ,nov4 #g4     ,may #e4      h>d  
freeze4                                 
----------------------------------------
--------------------                    

,dec4 #aa1    ,feb4 #bb4    ,oct4 #b-c4 
#ahbe ,m>4 #af4 ,april #c4    #c in*es4 
,next4       #bg?1 ice4                 
,ap4 #bj1 ice4                          
----------------------------------------
--------------------                    
,april #aj4   ,nov4 #be1    ,may #g1    
,sept4 #bc1  #ahbg ,m>4 #be4 full size  
light4      light4      light4          
,april #cj4                             
----------------------------------------
--------------------                    
,nov4 #ab1                  #ahbi ,april
 #bd4;,april #bg4   #d in*es4   ,n not$4
  ,sept4 #ag4                           
sleet4                                  
----------------------------------------
--------------------                beg9
 ,ap4                             #ahcj 
,april #a4 #e4 f4 size                  
,may #a4                                
,^! obs]vations1 ^u a comp>ison ) ! same
 p>allels ( latitude 9 ! ea/]n /ates1 %[
 t !re is no mat]ial diff]5ce ( climate 
betwe5 ! two sections ( our c\ntry1     

except t produc$ by local causes1 z     
m\nta9\s di/ricts1 contiguity to !      
ocean1 c4  ,a simil> error has exi/$ 9  
relation to sudd5 & extreme *anges (    
wea!r 9 ! ,we/4 ,p :o emigrate to a new 
c\ntry h _! curiosity awak5$1 & p]haps =
 ! fir/ "t 9 _! lives become q obs]v+ ( 
su* *anges4 ,f habitually obs]v+ ! wea!r
 ! impression is produc$ on _! m9ds t   
!re is a m>k$ diff]5ce 9 ?is climate4   
,dr4 ,ru% decl>es t !re is b "o /eady   
trait 9 ! "* ( ! climate (              
,p5nsylvania--& t is1 x is uni=mly      
v>iable1 & he ass]ts t he has kn[n !    
!rmomet] fall #bj deg4 9 "o h\r & a     
half4 ,m>* #bf-bg1 #ahah1 ! !rmomet] 9  
,/4 ,l\is1 fell #da deg4 9 #cj h\rs--f  
#hc deg4 to #db  deg4 ,i h no record or 
recollection ( a m sudd5 *ange 9 #ah    
ye>s4 ,mr4 ,legaux saw x fall 9 !       
vic9ity ( ,philadelphia1 #dg deg4 9 #bd 
h\rs1 & ,dr4 ,drake /ates t ?is is five 
degrees m ?an any impression ev] obs]v$ 
9 ,c9c9nati1 9 ! same l5g? ( "t4        
,emigrants f ,new ,engl& & ! nor!rn "p (

 ,new ,york /ate1 mu/ n expect to f9d ! 
same climate 9 ! ,we/1 at #ch or #dj    
degrees2 b let !m remove to ! same      
p>allel ( latitude 9 ! ,we/1 to         
,wiscons91 or ! nor!rn "p ( ,ill9ois1 & 
!y w probably f9d a climate f> m uni=m  
?an ! l& ( _! bir?4  ,prevail+ w9ds     
modify & affect ! climate ( e c\ntry4   
,s\?we/w>dly w9ds prevail along !       
,mississippi ,valley4 ,! foll[+ tabul>  
view ( obs]vations made at ,c9c9nati1 by
 ,dr4 ,d4 ,drake1 = six succe$+ ye>s1 ) 
s few omissions1 t !y am\nt to #dbjj1 w 
give fur!r illu/rations ( ?is subject4  
,!y h be5 br\ght f eight po9ts ( !      
compass4   ,,obs]vations4   ,,mon?s     
,s4,e4  ,s4  ,s4,w4  ,n4,e4  ,n4  ,n4,w4
  ,e4  ,w4  ,,calm4    ,janu>y      #f  
#b   #ac     #h    #a   #ba    #c   #f  
#f  ,febru>y     #e     #a   #ac     #h 
#a   #ad    #j   #e    #h  ,m>*         
#aj     #a   #af    #aa    #a   #aj     
#j   #e    #d  ,april        #g     #j  
#bd    #aj    #a    #h    #a   #c    #e 
,may          #g     #a   #ai    #aj    

#j   #aj    #a   #d    #f  ,june        
#i     #a   #bc    #ab    #e    #g    #a
   #b    #c  ,july         #f     #a    
#ai    #aa    #b   #aa    #a   #d    #d 
,augu/       #f     #a   #bc    #aj     
#a   #ab    #a   #a    #f  ,septemb]    
#f     #a   #bc     #i    #j    #h    #b
   #c    #c  ,octob]      #i     #a     
#bd     #f    #a   #aj    #b   #d    #c 
,novemb]     #i     #c   #ac     #f     
#a   #aj    #b   #g    #e  ,decemb]     
#g     #a   #aa     #e    #j   #ae    #b
   #f    #i                             
----------------------------------------
------------------  ,total       #hg    
#ad  #bba   #ajf   #ad  #acf   #af  #ej 
#fb  ,! results ( my own obs]vations1   
made = twelve ye>s1 ) ! exception (     
#ahbf1 & ) "s irregul>ity1 f travell+ 9 
diff]5t p>ts ( ,miss\ri & ,ill9ois dur+ 
! "t1 d n v>y 9 any mat]ial degree f !  
above table1 except+ few] ea/ & nor!a/  
w9ds4  ,dr4 ,drake has giv5 a table1    
sett+ =? ! results ( #dbfh obs]vations  
on ! /ate ( ! wea!r at ,c9c9nati1 f :i* 

x w be p]ceiv$ t ( ! #cfe days 9 a ye>1 
ab\t #agf w be fair1 #aje cl\dy1 & #hd  
v>iable4  ,dr4 ,l4 ,c4 ,beck made simil>
 obs]vations at ,/4 ,l\is dur+ ! ye>    
#ahbj1 :i* produc$ ! result ( #bde cle> 
days1 & cl\dy1 includ+ v>iable days1    
#aaj4        ,ye>s4    ,cle> days4,cl\dy
 days4,v>iable days4          #a        
#ahj         #ajg           #fh         
#b            #aeh         #aab         
#ia        #c            #ahg           
#gh           #he        #d             
#aeb         #ajf          #ajg         
#e            #ahe         #aaa         
#fh        #f            #agb           
#aab           #gd                      
----------------------------------------
-----------  ,total #f ye>s4   #a1jcd   
#fbf          #dic                      
----------------------------------------
-----------  ,mean t]ms4     #agb4cc    
#ajd4cc        #hb4af  ,! foll[+ table  
%[s ! condition ( ! wea!r 9 ea* mon? ( a
 mean ye>1 = ! above p]iod4   ,,mon?s4  
,cle> days4  ,cl\dy days4  ,v>iable     

days4    ,janu>y       #i4h             
#ac4a            #g4h  ,febru>y         
#aj4c          #ab4j            #f4e    
,m>*        #ac4e           #i4a        
#h4c  ,april        #ac4a          #aj4h
            #g4f  ,may          #ae4j   
#h4e            #g4e  ,june             
#ae4e           #e4j            #i4f    
,july         #ai4j           #e4e      
#f4j  ,augu/       #ai4f           #d4f 
#f4e  ,septemb]    #ai4e           #e4c 
#f4a  ,octob]      #af4a           #f4j 
#h4a  ,novemb]      #i4e          #ac4e 
#e4e  ,decemb]      #i4f          #ad4a 
#e4h   ,!re w\ld be "s v>iations f !    
=ego+ table 9 a s]ies ( obs]vations 9 ! 
c\ntry bord]+ ^u ! ,upp] ,mississippi & 
,miss\ri4 ,! wea!r 9 ! /ates ( ,ohio &  
,k5tucky1 is d\btless m or less affect$ 
9 autumn by ! ra9s t fall on !          
,alleghany m\nta9s1 & ! rise ( ! ,ohio &
 its tribut>ies4 ,s ! wea!r 9 ! mon?s ( 
,april1 ,may & ,june 9 ,miss\ri1 is     
affect$ by ! spr+ floods ( ! ,miss\ri & 
,mississippi riv]s4  ,! foll[+ table is 

con/ruct$ f a s]ies ( obs]vations made  
at ! ,milit>y po/s 9 ! ,we/1 by !       
,surgeons ( ! ,u4 ,s4 ,army1 = f\r      
ye>s3--#ahbb1 #ahbc1 #ahbd1 & #ahbe4    
,see ,am]ican ,almanac = #ahcd1 p4 #ha4 
----------------------------------------
--------------------------------        
,n4       ,elevation,mean ,temp4        
,po/s4              ,situations4        
,latitude4above != f\r                  
deg4  m4 ocean4   ye>s4                 
----------------------------------------
--------------------------------  ,=t   
,brady1       ,sault de ,/4 ,m>y1 outlet
  #df   #bb   #e  #ie   #da   #cg       
( ,lake ,sup]ior1                       
,=t ,snell+1    ,m\? ( ,/4 ,pet]s1 #aj  
m4 #df   #ci   #g  #hj   #de   #jj      
bel[ ,falls ,/4 ,an?ony1                
,=t ,h[>d1      ,gre5 bay1 ,wiscons9 ,t4
    #de   #jj   #f  #jj   #dd   #ej  ,=t
 ,craw=d1    ,prairie du ,*i51 ,w4 ,t]4 
#dc   #be   #e  #hj   #de   #eb  ,c\ncil
 ,bluffs1   ,upp] ,miss\ri1             
#da   #ca   #h  #jj   #ej   #hb         

,cantonm5t ,jessup1,on ,r$ riv]1 ,la4   
#fh   #ca  ,baton ,r\ge1      ,l\isiana1
                 #cj   #cb           #fh
   #jg   cont9u$                        
----------------------------------------
-------------------------------         
,wea!r4                                 
-------------------------               
,,mon?ly ,,av]age4                      
----------------------        ,po/s4    
,range (    ,fair ,cl\dy,ra9y,sn[       
,maximum4,m9imum4,!rmomet]4days4d's     
days4days4                              
----------------------------------------
----------------------------  ,=t       
,brady1           #ij    -#cc      #a   
#bc    #ac #cj #b #bg #g #hc #f #jb     
,=t ,snell+1        #if    -#bi      #a 
#be    #af #id #e #ej #e #gg #b #bb     
,=t ,h[>d1        #a #jj    -#ch      #a
  #ch    #ae #dg #g #ih #d #ef #b #db   
,=t ,craw=d1        #if    -#bh      #a 
#bd    #af #hj #f #bi #c #hg #a #cb     
,c\ncil ,bluffs1     #a #jh    -#ba     
#a  #bi    #ai #fh #f #ed #b #ie #a #be 

,cantonm5t ,jessup1    #ig      #g      
#ij    #ah #fc #d #di #g #be   #je      
,baton ,r\ge1          #ii     #ah      
#ha    #bj #af #d #jh #f #af            
- signifies bel[ z]o4   ,! times (      
obs]vation at ! above po/s 7 #g ,a4 ,m41
 & #b & #i1 ,p4 ,m4 ,! mean ( ea* mon? 0
 d$uc$ f #ij obs]vations1 & ( ea* ye> f 
#ajie obs]vations4 ,! read]1 :o is      
desir\s ( foll[+ up ?is comp>ative view 
( ! climate betwe5 ! ,atlantic /ates & !
 ,valley ( ! ,mississippi1 c comp>e !   
obs]vations record$ 9 ^! tables1 )      
simil> obs]vations made 9 ! same        
p>allels ( latitude4 ,he w f9d ! climate
 ( ! ,we/ q z uni=m1 & ! wea!r z little 
v>iable z 9 ! ,atlantic /ates4          
,diseases1--,means ( pres]v+ heal?1 c4  
,( ! ,l[] ,valley1 ,i %all say b v      
little on ?is subject4 ,dr4 ,drake      
obs]ves1 ,! diseases ( ?is portion ( !  
,great ,valley are few1 & prevail *iefly
 9 summ] & autumn4 ,!y are ! (fspr+ ( ! 
comb9$ action ( int5se heat & m>%       
exhalation4 ,!y are g5]ally remitt5t &  

int]mitt5t bili\s fev]s4 ,emigrants mo/ 
g5]ally und]go a season+1 or become     
acclimat$4 ,_m p]sons1 h[ev]1 f ! nor!rn
 & middle /ates1 & f ,europe1 enjoy     
heal?4 ,9 sickly situations ^! fev]s are
 apt to return1 & (t5 prove fatal4 ,!y  
frequ5tly enfeeble ! con/itution1 &     
produce *ronic inflammation ( ! liv]1   
enl>gem5t ( ! sple51 or t]m9ate 9       
jaundice or dropsy1 & disord] ! dige/ive
 organs4 ,:5 p]sons f9d !mselves subject
 to repeat$ attacks1 ! only safe res\rce
 is an annual migration to a m nor!rn   
climate dur+ ! summ]4 ,_m families f    
,new ,orleans1 & o!r expos$ situations1 
retire to ! p9e b>r5s ( ,l\isiana1 9 !  
hot & sickly season1 :]e limpid /reams1 
fl[+ ov] a pebbly b$1 & a t]eb9?9e      
atmosph]e are enjoy$4 ,eight mon?s ( !  
ye>1 are pleasant & heal?y 9 ! ,l[]     
,mississippi ,valley4  ,! advice ( ,dr4 
,drake is1 t ,^? :o migrate f a cold]   
climate to ! s\!rn ,mississippi /ates1  
%\ld obs]ve ! foll[+ directions3        
,fir/--,to arrive !re 9 autumn1 in/ead (

 spr+ or summ]4 ,second--,if            
practicable1 to sp5d ! hotte/ "p ( !    
fir/ two or ?ree ye>s1 9 a high]        
latitude4 ,?ird--,to select ! heal?ie/  
situations4 ,f\r?--,to live temp]ately4 
,fif?--,to pres]ve a regul> habit4      
,la/ly--,to avoid ! heat ( ! sun f #aj 9
 ! morn+ till #d 9 ! aft]noon1 & above  
all ! night air4 ,by a /rict att5tion to
 ^! rules1 _m w\ld escape ! diseases ( !
 climate1 :o annually s9k "u its baleful
 influ5ce4  ,^? /ates & t]ritories to   
:i* ?is "w is int5d$ m imm$iately z a   
,,guide1 d n diff] v mat]ially 9        
salubrity4 ,! same g5]al features are   
f\nd 9 ea*4 ,!re is b little div]sity 9 
climate1--_! geological & physical      
/ructure co9cide1 & ! exp]i5ce ( ye>s   
%[s t !re is no great diff]5ce4 ,:]e    
autumnal fev]s are common !y are usually
 ( simil> "*4 ,! same causes = disease  
exi/ 9 ,ohio z 9 ,miss\ri1 9 ,mi*igan z 
9 ,ill9ois1 9 ,k5tucky & ,t5nessee z 9  
,indiana4 ,all ^! /ates are mu* m infe/$
 ) ! maladies :i* dep5d on v>iations (  

temp]ature1 ?an ! /ates f>!r s\?4 ,all h
 localities :]e int]mitt5ts & agues are 
f\nd1 & all possess ext5sive di/ricts ( 
c\ntry :]e heal? is enjoy$ by a v l>ge  
proportion ( emigrants4 ,!re is "s      
diff]5ce betwe5 a heavily timb]$ & a    
prairie c\ntry1 9 favor ( ! latt]2 o!r  
circum/ances be+ equal4 ,*anges         
favorable to cont9u$ heal? are produc$  
by ! settlem5t & cultivation ( any      
p>ticul> portion ( c\ntry4 ,( "o fact ,i
 h long s9ce satisfi$ my m9d1 t ord9>y  
fev]s are n caus$ by ! use ( ! wat] ( ! 
,we/4  ,exceptions may be made 9 "s few 
cases1 :]e a ve9 ( wat] is impregnat$ ) 
"s delet]i\s m9]al sub/ance4 ,! use ( a 
well1 dug 9 ! vic9ity ( a coal b$ 9     
,ill9ois1 0 suppos$ to h caus$ sickness 
9 a family = two seasons4 ,any (f5sive  
prop]ty 9 wat] is readily detect$ by !  
ta/e4 ,cool1 refre%+ wat] is a great    
pres]vative ( heal?4 ,x is common =     
families1 7:o are too indiff]5t to _!   
com=t to dig a well17 to use ! tepid1   
muddy wat] ( ! small /reams 9 ! fronti] 

/ates1 dur+ ! summ]1 or to dig a %all[  
well & wall x ) timb]1 :i* soon imp>ts  
an (f5sive ta/e to ! wat]4 ,wat] (      
excell5t quality may be f\nd 9 spr+s1 or
 by digg+ f #bj to #cj feet1 ?r\gh\t !  
we/]n /ates4 ,mo/ ( ! wat] ?us obta9$ is
 h>d wat]1 f its lime/one qualities1 b x
 is mo/ unque/ionably heal?y4 ,^? p]sons
 :o emigrate f a region ( s&/one1 or    
primitive rock1 :]e wat] is s(t1 w f9d  
our lime/one wat] to produce a slight   
affection ( ! b[els1 :i* w prove m      
advantage\s to heal? ?an o!rwise1 & :i* 
w la/ b a few weeks4 ,:5ev] disease     
prevails 9 ! we/]n /ates1 x may g5]ally 
be attribut$ to "o or m ( ! foll[+      
causes4  #a/4 ,v>iations ( ! temp]ature4
 ,?is cause1 we h already %[n1 exi/s to 
z great ext5t 9 ! same latitude ea/ ( ! 
m\nta9s4  #bnd4 ,! rapid decomposition (
 vegetable matt]4 ,9 all our ri* l&s1   
!re are va/ quantities ( vegetable matt]
 mix$ ) ! soil1 or spread ov] ! surface4
 ,extreme hot wea!r1 foll[+ especially a
 season ( mu* ra91 be=e ! middle (      

,july1 w produce sickness4 ,if ! e>ly "p
 ( summ] be tol]ably dry1 al?\gh a hot  
season foll[s1 sickness does n g5]ally  
prevail4 ,! ye> #ahbj 0 an exception to 
?is rule4 ,x 0 ?r\gh\t1 a v dry1 hot1   
sickly ye> ?r\gh ! ,we/2 inde$1 ?r\gh\t 
! _w4 ,a wet season1 ) a mod]ately cool 
atmosph]e1 has prov$ heal?y4  #c;d4 ,m>%
 exhalations4 ,^!1 comb9$ ) heat1 w     
always g5]ate fev]s4 ,inde$1 !re is     
probably v little diff]5ce 9 ! miasm    
?r[n (f f decompos$ vegetable matt]1 & t
 produc$ f sluggi% /reams1 /&+ wat]s &  
m>%es4 ,^!1 9 ! great ,valley1 ab\nd )  
decay$ vegetable matt]4 ,h5ce1 along !  
/reams :i* h alluvial bottoms 7z l[ l&s 
^u /reams are call$ 9 ! ,we/17 "s ( :i* 
are annually ov]fl[$1 & :]e ! timb] &   
luxuriant vegetable gr[? are b p>tially 
subdu$1 ! inhabitants are liable to     
fev]s1 dys5t]ies & agues4 ,situations   
directly "u ! bluffs adjac5t to ! bottom
 l&s1 t lie ^u our l>ge riv]s1          
especially :5 ! vegetation is unsubdu$1 
h prov$ unheal?y4 ,s h situations at !  

heads or 9 ! slope ( ! rav9es t put d[n 
f ! bluffs t[>ds ! riv]s4  ,! pr9cipal  
diseases t prevail may be /at$ z foll[s4
 ,9 ! w9t]1 & e>ly 9 ! spr+1 sev]e      
colds1 inflammation ( ! lungs &         
pleurisies are mo/ common4 ,! g5u9e     
h]$it>y consumption ( ,new-,engl& is    
r>e1 & families & individuals pr$ispos$ 
to t disease might (t5 be pres]v$ by    
migration to ?is ,valley4 ,acute        
inflammation ( ! bra91 & inflammatory   
rheumatism are n unusual at t season4   
,dur+ ! summ] & autumn1 *ol]a infantum )
 *ildr5 9 l>ge t[ns1 di>rhoea1 *ol]a    
morbus1 dys5t]y1 int]mitt5t & remitt5t  
bili\s fev]s prevail4 ,! int]mitt5t     
assumes v>i\s =ms1 & has acquir$ sev]al 
names among/ ! c\ntry p1 :]e x prevails 
m g5]ally ?an 9 l>ge t[ns4 ,x is call$ !
 *ill & fev]1--ague1--dumb ague1 c41    
accord+ to its =m ( attack4  ,! remitt5t
 fev] is ! mo/ =midable ( our autumnal  
diseases1 especially :5 ( a highly      
bili\s type4 ,9 mo/ seasons1 ^! diseases
 are easily manag$1 & yield to a dose or

 two ( m$ic9e4 ,sore eyes1 especially 9 
autumn1 is a common compla9t 9 ! fronti]
 settlem5ts1 & :5 neglect$ or improp]ly 
manag$1 h t]m9at$ 9 total bl9dness4  ,! 
milk sickness1 z x is call$1            
occasionally prevails 9 "s localities1  
"s p>ticul>s ( :i* w be f\nd 9 ano!r    
place4 ,!re is a disease t afflicts _m  
fronti] p1 call$ by "s sick /oma*1 by   
o!rs1 wat] bra%1 f its symptoms ( sudd5 
nausea1 ) vomit+1 especially aft] meals4
  ,9 #ahcb1 ! *ol]a made its appe>ance 9
 ! ,we/4 ,9 _m places1 its fir/ approa* 
0 att5d$ ) great mortality1 b its second
 visit to a place has be5 9 a mild] & m 
manageable =m4 ,x has visit$ v>i\s p>ts 
( ! ,we/ on ea* return+ season s9ce1    
especially along ! great riv]s & ab\t ! 
/eamboats4 ,x appe>s to h *ang$ some:at 
! *>act]i/ics ( our we/]n diseases1 & w 
probably become a modifi$ & manageable  
disease4 ,s9ce its visit1 our fev]s are 
m conge/ive1 less bile is secret$1 & !  
/oma* m affect$4 ,! subject w d\btless  
be notic$ by our physicians1 &          

obs]vations made1 h[ f> ?is new disease 
w become assimilat$ to ! ord9>y diseases
 ( ! c\ntry4  ,we are satisfi$1 aft] a  
long c\rse ( obs]vations1 mu* travell+1 
& conv]s+ ) _m hundr$s ( families ) !   
view ( arriv+ at correct conclusions on 
^! subjects1 t !re is no su* op]ation z 
t ( emigrants und]go+ a season+1 or     
becom+ acclimat$1 9 ! /ates ( ,ohio1    
,indiana1 ,ill9ois1 ,miss\ri1 ,k5tucky1 
,t5nessee1 ,mi*igan1 or ! ,wiscons9     
,t]ritory4 ,nor does x make ! lea/      
diff]5ce f :at "p ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 or 
,europe1 !y come1 nor :e!r !y arrive "h 
9 ! spr+ or autumn4 ,!re is an errone\s 
notion prevail+ 9 "s ( ! ,atlantic /ates
 on ?is subject1 t %\ld be correct$4 ,:5
 sickness prevails1 !re is j z mu*1 & x 
is equally sev]e1 among/ ! old settl]s1 
^? born 9 ! c\ntry1 or :o migrate f !   
,c>ol9as or ,georgia1 z ^? :o come f !  
nor!rn /ates4 ,families are j z liable  
to sickness1 & are z (t5 attack$ = !    
fir/ "t1 aft] resid+ sev]al ye>s 9 !    
c\ntry1 z at any o!r "t4 ,a l>ge        

proportion ( ! families & individuals1  
:o remove f ,new ,engl& to ! v>i\s p>ts 
( ! ,valley1 nor? ( ! #cg? degree (     
latitude h no sickness ! fir/ ye>4  ,!  
impression has =m]ly exi/$ abroad1 t    
,ill9ois is less heal?y ?an o!r we/]n   
/ates4 ,?is is entirely errone\s4 ,z 9  
all c\ntries1 !re are "s localities1 :]e
 ! causes t produce sickness exi/ m ?an 
9 o!rs4 ,?is is n ! fact ) ,ill9ois 9   
g5]al4  ,t ?is /ate is z heal?y z any   
o!r we/]n /ate1 c be abundantly support$
 by facts4 ,let a c&id obs]v] comp>e !  
heal? ( ! e>ly settl]s ( ,new ,engl&1 ) 
t ( ! e>ly settl]s ( ! ,we/1 & he w f9d 
! scale to prepond]ate 9 favor ( !      
latt]4 ,unless !re is "s /range fatality
 att5d+ ,ill9ois1 its population mu/ be 
m heal?y ?an ! e>ly settl]s ( a timb]$  
region4 ,b 9 no p]iod ( its hi/ory h    
sickness & dea? triumph$1 9 any respect 
equal to :at !y did two or ?ree ye>s    
s9ce1 9 ! lake c\ntry ( ,new ,york4  ,! 
ye> #ahaa1 is record$ 9 ! memoirs ( !   
e>ly settl]s1 z a season ( unusual      

sickness ne> ! banks ( ! ,mississippi & 
,miss\ri riv]s4 ,! latt] riv] rose to an
 unusual height 9 ,june1 ! wat]s ( !    
small creeks 7 back$ up1 & a l>ge       
surface ( luxuriant vegetation 0 cov]$ &
 dead5$4 ,?is 0 succe$$ by hot & dry    
wea!r4 ,bili\s & int]mitt5t fev]s       
prevail$ ext5sively4 ,! seasons ( #ahai1
 '#bj1 & '#ba 7 usually sickly 9        
,ill9ois & ,miss\ri4 ,emigrants1 9      
%oals1 _h spread ov] a wide range (     
c\ntry )9 a ye> or two prec$+4          
,multitudes 7 plac$ "u circum/ances !   
mo/ unfavorable to ! pres]vation (      
heal?1 9 new & op5 cab9s ( gre5 timb]1  
(t5 us+ ! /agnant wat] ( creeks & ponds1
 ) a luxuriant vegetation ar\nd !m      
und]go+ decomposition1 & all ! o!r evils
 att5dant on ! settlem5t ( a new &      
unbrok5 c\ntry4 ,"u su* circum/ances1 c 
x be surpris+ t _m 7 sick1 & t _m di$8  
,! summ] ( #ahbj 0 ! hotte/ & drie/ ev] 
kn[n 9 ?is c\ntry4 ,= weeks 9           
succession1 ! !rmomet]1 9 ! %ade at ,/4 
,l\is1 0 up to #if deg4 = h\rs 9 ! day4 

,n a cl\d came ov] ! sun1 to af=d a     
p>tial relief f its burn+ influ5ce4 ,!  
fev]s ( t season 7 unusually rapid1     
malignant1 & unmanageable4 ,almo/ e m>k 
( ! yell[ fev]1 z laid d[n 9 ! books1 0 
exhibit$ 9 _m cases1 bo? 9 t[n & c\ntry4
 ,! bili\s fev] put on its mo/ malignant
 type4 ,black1 foetid matt] 0 dis*>g$ f 
! /oma*1 & by /ools4 ,! writ] & all 8   
family suff]$ sev]ely t season4 ,he liv$
 sev5te5 miles f ,/4 ,l\is1 on ! road to
 ,/4 ,*>les 9 ,miss\ri1 on a f>m4 ,!    
settlem5t _h be5 call$ heal?y4 ,!       
,miss\ri bottom 0 "o mile di/ant4 ,?ree 
miles we/ s\?we/1 0 ! ,creve-coeur lake1
 a body ( wat] sev]al miles 9 l5g? &    
half a mile 9 wid?1 connect$ by an      
outlet ) ! ,miss\ri riv]4 ,! wat] ( ?is 
lake 0 entirely /agnant1 cov]$ ) a ?ick 
scum1 & s5t =? a noisome smell4 ,fi% 9 x
 di$4 ,my olde/ son1 a robu/ y\? ( t5   
ye>s ( age1 & my bro!r-9-law1 a hale &  
/\t "y man1 sick5$ & di$ ! fir/ week 9  
,octob]4 ,i 0 attack$ ! #e? day ( ,july1
 came z ne> dy+ z a p]son c\ld & recov]4

 ,all my *ildr5 7 sick4 ,:ile           
convalesc5t1 9 ,septemb]1 ,i took a long
 j\rney to ,cape ,gir>deau c\ntry1 #abj 
miles s\?1 & back ?r\gh ! lead m9e      
c\ntry to ! ,miss\ri riv]1 #fj miles we/
 ( ,/4 ,l\is1 & 9 all ! r\te f\nd t     
sickness _h prevail$ to ! same ext5t4   
,at ,v9c5nes & o!r p>ts ( ,indiana1     
disease triumph$4 ,! c\ntry ar\nd       
,v9c5nes1 on ! ea/ side ( ! ,waba%1 is a
 s&y pla94 ,a g5tleman :o escap$ !      
ravages ( fev] 9 t place1 & :o 0 mu*    
engag$ 9 nurs+ ! sick & consol+ ! dy+1  
/at$ to me t no?+ 0 s di%e>t5+ z !      
cl\dless sky & burn+ sun t cont9u$      
un*ang$ = weeks 9 succession4 ,mortality
 prevail$ to a great ext5t along ! banks
 ( ! ,waba%4 ,h9do/an1 a t[n on ! ea/ =k
 ( ,:ite riv]1 #ch miles f ,v9c5nes on !
 road to ,l\isville1 0 begun ! prec$+   
ye>4 ,sev5ty or eighty families _h cr[d$
 9 at ! comm5cem5t ( ! ye> #ahbj4 ,!    
heavy timb] ( popl>1 7:itewood7 oak &   
bee*1 _h be5 cut d[n1 ! bru% burn$1 & ! 
logs left on ! gr\nd4 ,by ,june ! b>k 0 

loos5$1 an intol]able /5* proce$$ f !   
timb]1--sickness foll[$1 & ab\t two     
?irds ( ! population di$6 ,& yet1 to    
look ab\t ! place1 !re is no local cause
 t w\ld indicate sickness4 ,9 ! summ] ( 
#ahba1 sickness prevail$ v ext5sively1 b
 9 a mu* mild] =m4 ,its type 0          
int]mitt5t1 & usually yield$ to ord9>y  
rem$ies4 ,dur+ t ye> ! numb] ( dea?s 9  
,/4 ,l\is 0 #acf--! population #ejjj4   
,at lea/ "o ?ird ( t numb] 7 /rang]s &  
transi5t p]sons1 :o ei!r arriv$ sick1 or
 7 tak5 sick )9 two or ?ree days aft]   
arrival4 ,/4 ,l\is _h !n no police      
regulations--! /reets 7 fil?y 9 !       
extreme--& ! population 7 cr[d$ into e  
hole & corn]4 ,?is 0 ! mo/ sickly & dy+ 
season ,/4 ,l\is ev] knew1 except :5 !  
*ol]a prevail$ 9 ,octob]1 #ahcb4  ,!    
same ye>s 7#ahbj-ba7 7 not$ = unusual   
sickness ?r\gh\t ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 &     
inde$ ! :ole _w4 ,! bili\s fev] prevail$
 9 ! hilly & m\nta9\s di/ricts (        
,virg9ia & ,p5nsylvania1 & ev5 among !  
,gre5 ,m\nta9s ( ,v]mont4  ,v little    

g5]al sickness 7except *ol]a 9          
#ahcb-'cc7 prevail$ 9 #ahcj1 '#ca1 '#cb1
 or '#cc4 ,9 #ahcd1 conge/ive fev]1 &   
dys5t]y1 ) "s ( ! symptoms ( *ol]a1     
exi/$ 9 _m places 9 ! ,we/1 ?\gh n      
ext5sively fatal4 ,9 ! mon? ( ,june1 7  
frequ5t sudd5 %[]s 9 ,ill9ois &         
,miss\ri1 ) int]vals ( extreme heat4    
,july & ,augu/ v hot & dry4 ,! disease  
began e>ly 9 ,july & cont9u$ till       
,septemb]4  ,! ye> #ahce1 0 ! mo/ sickly
 ye>1 = common int]mitt5ts1 :i* prevail$
 m among/ ! old settl]s1 ?an ! newly    
arriv$ emigrants4 ,9 ,ill9ois1 & g5]ally
 ?r\gh\t ! ,we/1 bel[ ! =tie? degree (  
latitude1 x 0 sickly1 ?\gh n fatal4     
,e>ly 9 ! spr+1 till ! mon? ( ,may1 x 0 
unusually dry1 & vegetation 0 two weeks 
lat] ?an usual4 ,may & a "p ( ,june 7 v 
wet1 foll[$ by a few days ( extremely   
hot wea!r4 ,vegetation grew ) great     
luxuriance4 ,newly pl\gh$ gr\nd s5t =? a
 noxi\s effluvium1 ) a mo/ (f5sive od\r1
 & aft] a few days w\ld be cov]$ ) a    
gre5i% coat1 l ! scum on /agnant wat]4  

,t[n situations1 ev5 along ! banks (    
riv]1 7 comp>atively heal?y4  ,9 case ( 
sickness1 physicians are to be f\nd 9   
almo/ e c\nty1 & e season adds to _!    
numb]4 ,*>ges are some:at high] ?an 9 ! 
nor!rn /ates4 ,_m families keep a few   
simple articles ( m$ic9e1 & adm9i/] =   
!mselves4 ,calomel is a specific2 & is  
tak5 by multitudes )\t hesitation1 or   
fe> ( dang]4 ,f fifte5 to tw5ty gra9s   
are an ord9>y dose = a ca?>tic4 ,:5ev]  
nausea ( ! /oma*1 pa9s 9 ! limbs1 &     
yawn+1 or a *ill1 indicate ! approa* (  
disease1 a dose ( calomel is tak5 at    
night1 9 a little apple honey1 or o!r   
suitable sub/ance1 & foll[$ up 9 ! morn+
 ) a dose ( ca/or oil1 or salts1 to     
produce a brisk purge4 ,sometimes an    
emetic is pref]r$4 ,ei!r a ca?>tic or an
 emetic w leave ! sy/em "u "s debility4 
,! mi/ake frequ5tly made is1 9 n foll[+ 
up ! evacuat+ m$ic9e ) tonics4 ,?is %\ld
 be done inv>iably1 unless ! p>oxysm (  
fev] has comm5c$4 ,a few doses (        
sulphate ( qu99e or ,p]uvian b>k 9 its  

crude /ate1 w re/ore ! sy/em to its     
natural tone4 ,to prev5t an attack (    
fev]1 m$ic9e %\ld be tak5 on ! v fir/   
symptoms ( a diseas$ /oma*2 x %\ld n be 
tamp]$ )1 b tak5 9 suffici5t doses to   
relieve ! sy/em f morbid effects1 & !n  
foll[$ up by tonics1 to re/ore its vigor
 & prev5t relapse4  ,new com]s w f9d x  
advantage\s = protect+ !mselves f ! damp
 atmosph]e at night1 to provide close   
dwell+s2 yet :5 ! air is cle>1 to leave 
op5 doors & w9d[s at night = free       
circulation1 b n to sleep directly 9 !  
curr5t ( air2 & inv>iably to we> ?9     
clo?+ 9 ! heat ( ! day1 & put on ?ick]  
g>m5ts at night1 & 9 wet & cl\dy wea!r4 
,i h obs]v$ t ^? families are seldom    
sick :o live 9 com=table h\ses1 ) tight 
floors1 & well v5tilat$ rooms2 & :o1 ^u 
*ange ( wea!r1 & especially 9 "t ( ra9s1
 make a little fire 9 ! *imney1 al?\gh !
 !rmomet] might n indicate ! necessity4 
,9 f9e1 ,i am prep>$ to give my op9ion1 
decid$ly1 9 favor ( ! g5]al heal? ( ?is 
c\ntry & climate4 ,i w\ld n c]ta9ly be  

answ]able = all ! bad locations1 !      
imprud5ces1 & :ims ( all classes (      
emigrants1 :i* may op]ate unfavorably to
 heal?4 ,i only speak = myself & family4
 ,i decid$ly pref] ?is climate1 ) all   
its miasm1 to ,new-,engl&1 ) its nor!a/ 
w9ds1 & damp1 raw & pulmon>y atmosph]e4 
,we v seldom h fogs 9 ,ill9ois &        
,miss\ri4 ,my memor&a1 kept )           
consid]able accuracy1 = twelve ye>s1    
give n m ?an half a doz5 foggy morn+s 9 
a ye>4  ,! foll[+ comp>isons betwe5 ,/4 
,l\is & sev]al ea/]n cities1 w af=d "s  
evid5ce ( ! op9ions express$ above4 ,i h
 rem>k$ already1 t #ahba1 0 m sickly 9  
,/4 ,l\is1 ?an any prec$+ ye>1 & dea?s 7
 m num]\s 9 proportion to ! population4 
,"s cases ( fev] 7 m malignant 9 #ahbj1 
9 t place1 b dea?s 7 m frequ5t ! foll[+ 
season4 ,i solemniz$ ! m>riage ( a "y   
lady ( my acqua9tance1 :o 0 "u ! age (  
f\rte5 ye>s4 ,9 eight days %e 0 a wid[4 
,at ! fun]al ( a g5tleman ! same season1
 :o left a wid[ "u tw5ty ye>s1 !re 7    
pres5t ?irte5 wid[s1 all "u tw5ty-f\r   

ye>s ( age1 & all _h lo/ _! companions t
 season4 ,"y m5 7 victims m ?an any o!r 
age or condition4 ,& yet ,i am prep>$ to
 %[1 t ,/4 ,l\is1 t summ]1 0 n m sickly 
?an sev]al ea/]n cities 7 9 #ahbj &     
#ahbc4  ,! population ( ,/4 ,l\is 9     
#ahba1 v>i$ b little f #e1jjj2 ! numb] (
 dea?s dur+ t ye> 0 "o hundr$ &         
?irty-six4 ,?is acc\nt 0 tak5 by ! ,rev4
 ,salmon ,gidd+s1 :o 0 p>ticul> 9       
collect+ ! facts4 ,! proportion ( !     
dea?s to ! population 0 "o to           
?irty-five4  ,9 #ahbj1 ,bo/on conta9$ a 
population ( #dc1hic1--numb] ( dea?s    
#a1ajc2 proportion "o to ?irty-n9e &    
?ree f\r?s4  ,new-,york ! same ye>      
conta9$ a population ( #abc1jjj1--;dea?s
 #c1eae2 be+ a proportion ( "o to a     
fraction less ?an ?irty-five4  ,9       
,philadelphia1 ! population !n 0        
#ajh1jjj1--;dea?s #c1cgd2 be+ a         
proportion ( "o to ?irty-two4           
,baltimore _h a population (            
#fb1jjj1--;dea?s #a1fbe2 be+ a          
proportion ( "o to ?irty-eight4  ,!     

aggregate population ( ^! f\r cities 9  
#ahbj1 0 #ccf1hic2 ! aggregate numb] (  
dea?s1 #i1fag2 ! proportion ( "o to     
?irty-five1 ! same z t ( ,/4 ,l\is4     
,,9 #ahbc4  ,bo/on4 ,population e/imat$ 
at #de1jjj2 numb] ( dea?s by (ficial    
returns1 #a1aed2 ! proportion ( "o to   
?irty-n9e4  ,new-,york4 ,population ab\t
 #acj1jjj1--;dea?s #c1ddd2 proportion ( 
"o to ?irty-sev5 & two ?irds4           
,philadelphia4 ,population ab\t         
#abj1jjj1--;dea?s #d1fjj1 proportion (  
"o to tw5ty-six4 ,?is 0 an uncommonly   
sickly season 9 ,philadelphia4          
,baltimore4 ,population e/imat$ at      
#fe1jjj2 dea?s 7 #b1ajh2 proportion ( "o
 to ?irty & two ?irds4  ,i h ?us select$
 ! mortality ( ,/4 ,l\is dur+ ! mo/     
sickly season s9ce my resid5ce 9 ?is    
c\ntry1 & comp>$ x ) ! bills ( mortality
 ( f\r ea/]n cities = two ye>s1 ^? (    
#ahbj & #ahbc1 & ! result is favorable  
to ! heal? ( ,/4 ,l\is1 & by consequ5ce1
 to ! adjo9+ ,/ates4 ,= t5 ye>s pa/1 !re
 has be5 no g5]al sickness 9 ,/4 ,l\is1 

dur+ ! summ] & autumnal mon?s1 except+ !
 *ol]a 9 #ahcb4  ,"s p>ts ( ,indiana &  
,ohio are unque/ionably m subject to    
bili\s attacks ?an ,ill9ois4 ,! reason  
is obvi\s4 ,mu* ( t region is heavily   
timb]$1 &1 ^u cutt+ x away 9 spots1 &   
lett+ 9 ! rays ( ! sun ^u vegetable     
matt] und]go+ decomposition1 miasmata   
are g5]at$4 ,^! regions w become        
comp>atively heal?y1 :5 put "u g5]al    
cultivation4  ,! /ory is told1 t ! late 
emp]or ( ,france lay encamp$ ) "o ( 8   
armies ne> a place reput$ unheal?y1 :5  
"o ( 8 (fic]s reque/$ a furl\gh4 ,!     
reason be+ ask$1 & giv51 t ! place 0    
unheal?y1 & ! applicant fe>$ to die an  
+lori\s dea? f fev]3 ,napoleon repli$1 9
 8 accu/om$ laconic /yle1 ,g to y\r po/2
 m5 die ev]y:]e4  ,if a family emigrate 
to a new & di/ant c\ntry1 & any ( !     
numb] sick5 & die1 we are apt to indulge
 9 unavail+ regret at ! removal2 :]eas  
_h ! same afflictive ev5t happ5$ be=e   
removal1 x w\ld h be5 reg>d$ 9 q a      
diff]5t light4 ,let !n1 none come to    

,ill9ois :o d n expect to be sick & to  
die1 :5ev] ,div9e ,provid5ce %all see   
fit s to ord] ev5ts4  ,! milk sickness  
is a disease ( a s+ul> "*1 :i* prevails 
9 c]ta9 places4 ,x fir/ affects animals1
 especially c[s1 & f !m is communicat$  
to ! human sy/em by eat+ ! milk1 or     
fle%4 ,! symptoms ( ! disease indicate  
poison2 & ! pati5t is affect$ ne>ly 9 ! 
same way1 z :5 poison\s +r$i5ts h be5   
receiv$ into ! sy/em4 ,cattle1 :5       
attack$ by x1 usually die4 ,9 _m        
in/ances x proves mortal 9 ! human      
sy/em2 9 o!rs1 if yields to ! skill ( ! 
physician4 ,mu* speculation has be5 _h  
^u its cause1 :i* is /ill unkn[n4 ,!    
prevail+ idea is1 t x is caus$ by "s    
poison\s sub/ance eat5 by ! cattle1 b   
:e!r vegetable or m9]al1 rema9s         
undet]m9$4 ,physicians & o!rs h attempt$
 to asc]ta9 ! cause ( ?is disease1 b    
hi!rto )\t success4  ,x infe/s only     
p>ticul> spots1 or small di/ricts1 & ^! 
are soon f\nd out4 ,!re are places 9    
,ohio1 ,indiana1 & ! s\!rn /ates1 :]e x 

exi/s4 ,its effects are m frequ5t 9     
autumn ?an any o!r season2 & to gu>d    
aga9/ x1 ! p ei!r keep _! c[s 9 a       
pa/ure1 or refuse to use _! milk4 ,"s h 
suppos$ ?is disease to be produc$ by !  
cattle fe$+ on ! cicuta virosa1 or wat] 
hemlock2 z a simil> disease once infe/$ 
! cattle 9 ! nor? ( ,europe1 ! cause (  
:i* 0 trac$ out by ! great naturali/    
,l9naeus2 b x is n kn[n t ?is species ( 
plant exi/s among/ ! botanical          
productions ( ,miss\ri & ,ill9ois4      
,anxi\s to furni% all ! in=mation1 on   
?is v important subject1 to p]sons      
desir\s ( emigrat+ to ! ,we/1 ,i w      
prolong ?is *apt] by ins]t+ ! foll[+3   
,,advice ,,to ,,emigrants1 ,,rec5t      
,,settl]s1 ,,& ,,to ,,^? ,,visit+ ,,!   
,,s\!rn ,,c\ntry4  ,! outl9es :i* h     
already be5 giv5 w af=d "s in=mation to 
emigrants f o!r sections ( ! ,union1 or 
f ,europe4 ,we w n[ (f] a few caution>y 
rem>ks1 p>ticul>ly int5d$ = su* z are   
ab\t to settle1 or h rec5tly settl$ 9   
?is section ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4  ,( new  

com]s1 !re are two tol]ably di/9ct      
classes3 ! "o compris+ f>m]s1 me*anics1 
& inde$ all ^? :o calculate on obta9+ a 
subsi/5ce by manual indu/ry2 ! o!r is   
compos$ ( pr(essional m51 tradesm51 &   
adv5tur]s ( e description4 ,t[>ds ! fir/
 class our att5tion is n[ direct$1      
premis+ t ?r\gh\t a great portion ( !   
we/]n c\ntry1 except 9 l>ge t[ns1 almo/ 
e me*anic is almo/ necess>ily a f>m]2 ! 
population be+ 9 b few places           
suffici5tly d5se to support t           
designation ( me*anical employm5ts :i*  
is common 9 ! ea/]n & middle /ates4  ,= 
! indu/ri\s & temp]ate ( ?is class1 our 
c\ntry holds =? inducem5ts :i* are n    
g5]ally kn[n or und]/ood4  ,! language (
 indiscrim9ate panegyric1 :i* has be5   
be/[$ on its climate & soil1 has convey$
 little in=mation1 & is ! s\rce ( _m    
fe>s & suspicions 9 ! m9ds ( p at a     
di/ance4 ,o!r acc\nts h describ$ ! we/]n
 c\ntry z uni=mly sickly2 b ! habit (   
exagg]ation 9 its favor has be5 mo/     
preval5t2 nei!r ne$ we wond]1 :5 mu* ( !

 in=mation communicat$1 has be5 af=d$ by
 int]e/$ l&hold]s1 or speculators1 & by 
travell]s1 ^: views h be5 sup]ficial1 & 
^: j\rneys h be5 p]=m$ g5]ally1 ei!r on 
! riv]s or by po/ roads4  ,! fir/       
inquiry ( a sub/antial f>m]1 f "o ( !   
old settl$ /ates1 is mo/ly1 = good l& 9 
! vic9ity ( a m>ket2 & aft]w>ds1 :e!r ! 
situation be heal?y4 ,x is true t !re   
are _m places 9 ! we/]n c\ntry1 af=d+ ! 
qualities express$ 9 ?is description1 b 
!y are p]haps all occupi$2 & x w\ld be1 
9 sev]al respects1 m advisable = a f>m]1
 possess+ ev5 a consid]able sum ( money 
9 h&1 to inquire fir/ = a heal?y        
situation1 & !n good l&4  ,! _s (       
improvem5t ?r\gh\t ! ,unit$ ,/ates1     
especially evid5c$ 9 canall+1 &         
rail-roads1 w1 x is hop$1 9 a few ye>s1 
op5 modes ( communication1 :i* z yet are
 want+1 ) ! m>kets4  ,! same rem>ks w   
apply to ! poor] class ( emigrants4 ,if 
!y value _! own heal?1 & t ( _!         
families1 ! ma9 object ( _! att5tion w  
be to secure1 if possible1 a situation  

remote f ! fogs t hov] ov] ! *annels (  
l>ge riv]s1 :i* become p>tly dry 9      
summ]1 & f ! neighborhood ( swamps1     
m>%es1 ponds1 & small lakes4  ,e p]son1 
on com+ f beyond ! m\nta9s1 & especially
 f ! ea/]n ,/ates1 or ,europe1 w h to   
und]go "s degree ( *ange 9 8            
con/itution1 be=e x becomes naturaliz$  
to ! climate2 & all :o move f a cold to 
a consid]ably w>m] "p ( ! we/]n c\ntry w
 exp]i5ce ! same alt]ation2 x w1 !re=e1 
be wisdom = ! individual br\ght up 9 a m
 rigor\s climate1 t he seek a situation 
:]e ! circulation ( ! air is unimp$$ &  
free1 & t he avoid ^? flat & m>%y       
di/ricts1 :i* h be5 already describ$4   
,^? :o settle 9 new c\ntries are almo/  
univ]sally expos$ to inconv5i5ces :i* h 
an unfavorable influ5ce on heal?4 ,!y   
are seldom able = a l5g? ( "t to erect  
com=table places ( resid5ce2 & inde$1 _m
 po/pone ?is important object (         
att5tion1 ev5 aft] _! circum/ances w    
p]mit !m to build com=table dwell+      
h\ses4  ,wool is mo/ly a sc>ce article 9

 new settlem5ts1 s t cotton & l95 g>m5ts
 are too frequ5tly worn 9 w9t]4 ,!re is 
ano!r circum/ance1 :i* no d\bt has an   
unfavorable influ5ce on heal?1          
especially among ! poor] class3 x is !  
want1 dur+ ! summ] season p>ticul>ly1 ( 
sub/antial food4 ,?is is sometimes ow+  
to indol5ce or improvid5ce2 b p]haps    
(t5]1 to ! circum/ances 9 :i* a few     
families are plac$1 at a di/ance f any  
e/abli%$ or opul5t settlem5t4  ,errone\s
 views are too g5]ally ent]ta9$ 9       
relation to h>d5+ ! human sy/em2 & !    
analogies drawn f savage life1 are      
altoge!r inconclusive4 ,! mann]s ( !    
,nor? ,am]ican ,indians are ess5tially  
diff]5t f ^? ( ! :ites4 ,x is true1 !re 
is a portion ( ! latt]1 especially 9    
,ill9ois & ,miss\ri1 :o f infancy are   
educat$ almo/ 9 ! habits ( ! aborig9es4 
,we h frequ5tly he>d ! example ( savages
 ref]r$ to1 z an argum5t 9 favor (      
attempt+ to /r5g!n ! con/itution by     
exposure4#f ,!re is plausibility 9 ?is2 
b might n ! example ( ! negroes 9 ! l[] 

p>ts ( ,s\? ,c>ol9a & ,georgia1 be also 
quot$ z evid5c+ ! propriety ( liv+ on   
corn meal & sweet potatoes1 & work+ e   
day 9 ! wat] ( a rice field dur+ !      
sickly season8 ,!y are g5]ally m heal?y 
?an ! :ites :o own !m1 & :o reside on ! 
plantations 9 ! summ]4 ,! civiliz$ man  
may turn to savage life p]haps ) safety1
 z reg>ds heal?2 b !n he mu/ plunge ) ! 
,indian into ! dep?s ( ! =e/1 & obs]ve  
consi/5cy 9 all 8 habits4 ,^! pages are 
n writt51 h[ev]1 = su* z are dispos$ to 
consid] !mselves beyond ! pale (        
civiliz$ society2 b = ! reflect+ "p ( ! 
community1 :o c e/imate ! advantages to 
be d]iv$ f a prud5t c>e ( heal?4  ,mu*  
disease1 especially 9 ! m rec5tly settl$
 p>ts ( ?is c\ntry1 is consequ5t to     
neglect+ simple & com=table precaution>y
 means2 sometimes ?is neglect is ow+ to 
misdirect$ indu/ry1 & at o!rs to laz9ess
 or evil habits4  ,to h a dry h\se1 if x
 be a log "o1 ) ! op5+s betwe5 ! logs   
well fill$ up1 s t x may be kept w>m 9  
w9t]2 to fill up all ! holes 9 its      

vic9ity :i* may conta9 /agnant wat]2 to 
h a good clean spr+ or well1 suffici5t  
clo?+1 & a reasonable supply (          
provisions1 %\ld be ! fir/ object ( a   
settl]'s att5tion3 b frequ5tly a little1
 wet1 smoky cab9 or hovel is erect$1 ) !
 floor sc>cely sep>at$ f ! gr\nd1 &     
admitt+ ! damp & un:olesome air4 ,all   
h&s t c "w1 are impell$1 by ! fa!r's    
example1 to labor beyond _! /r5g?1 & m  
l& is cle>$ & plant$ ) corn ?an is well 
t5d$2 = ov]-ex]tion1 *ange 9 ! mann] (  
liv+1 & ! influ5ce ( o!r debilitat+     
causes1 :i* h be5 m5tion$1 br+ sickness 
on at lea/ a "p ( ! family1 be=e ! summ]
 is half ov]4  ,x is unnecess>y = ev5 ! 
poore/ emigrant to enc\nt] ^! causes (  
di/ress1 unless s$uc$ by !              
misrepres5tations ( "s int]e/$ l&hold]1 
or by ! fantasies ( 8 own bra91 to an   
unheal?y & desolate situation1 :]e he c 
nei!r help himself1 nor be assi/$ by    
o!rs4  ,_m p]sons on mov+ into ! back   
woods1 :o h be5 accu/om$ to ! dec5cies (
 life1 ?9k x little matt] h[ !y live1   

because no "o sees !m4 ,?us we h kn[n a 
family ( "s opul5ce to reside = ye>s 9 a
 cab9 unfit = ! abode ( any human be+1  
because !y c\ld n f9d "t to build a     
h\se2 & :5ev] x ra9$ h>d1 ! females 7   
necess>ily engag$ 9 roll+ ! b$s f "o    
corn] ( ! room to ano!r1 9 ord] to save 
!m f ! wat] t p\r$ 9 ?r\gh ! ro(4 ,?is  
cab9 0 int5d$ at fir/ z only a v        
tempor>y resid5ce1 & 0 erect$ on ! edge 
( a swamp1 = ! conv5i5ce ( be+ ne> to a 
spr+4 ,h[ unreasonable mu/ su* p be1 if 
!y expect heal?6  ,clo?+ = w9t] %\ld be 
prep>$ 9 summ]4 ,x is a common1 b v     
incorrect practice among _m f>m]s1 bo?  
we/ & ea/ ( ! ,alleghany m\nta9s1 to    
po/pone we>+ w9t] clo?+ until ! wea!r   
has become extremely cold3 ?is is a     
fruitful s\rce ( pulmon>y diseases1 (   
rheumatisms1 & ( fev]s4  ,) reg>d to    
provid+ a suffici5cy ( n\ri%+ food1 no  
specific directions c be giv51 fur!r ?an
 to recomm5d1 :at is mu*                
neglect$--p>ticul> att5tion to a good   
g>d5 spot2 & to rem>k1 t ^? :o devote   

undivid$ att5tion to cultivat+ ! soil1  
receive m uni=m supplies ( suitable     
n\ri%m5t ?an ! m indol5t1 :o sp5d a     
consid]able portion ( _! "t 9 hunt+4    
,new settl]s are n unfrequ5tly tr\bl$ ) 
diseases ( ! sk91 :i* are (t5 suppos$ to
 be ! it*3 = ^! eruptions !y g5]ally use
 repellant ext]nal applications2 ?is    
plan ( treatm5t is prejudicial4  ,! mo/ 
prop] "t = ! removal ( families to ?is  
c\ntry f ! ,atlantic /ates1 is e>ly 9 ! 
spr+1 :ile ! riv]s are full2 or if !    
j\rney be made by l&1 z soon z ! roads  
are suffici5tly settl$1 & ! wat]s abat$4
  ,p]sons unaccu/om$ to ! climate ( !   
l[] ,mississippi c\ntry1 are necess>ily 
expos$1 :il/ !re 9 ! summ] season1 to _m
 causes ( disease4 ,x w be advisable =  
su* to h a prud5t c>e ( _! heal?1 & yet1
 a c>e di/9ct f t f9ical timidity :i*   
r5d]s !m liable to e>ly attacks (       
sickness4  ,!re is "o important         
consid]ation1 :i* p]haps has be5 some:at
 ov]look$ by m$ical m51 :o h writt5 on  
?is subject4 ,natives ( cold] & heal?i] 

regions1 :5 expos$ 9 s\!rn & sickly     
climates1 exp]i5ce1 if !y rema9 any l5g?
 ( "t )\t evid5t & viol5t disease1 an   
alt]ation 9 ! condition ( ! liv]1 & ( ! 
secret$ bile itself2 :5 x passes ?r\gh !
 b[els1 its color be+ mu* d>k] ?an      
usual4 ,sometimes1 inde$1 x appe>s to be
 lock$ up 9 ! liv]1 ! /ools hav+ an a%5 
appe>ance4 ,?is /ate ( ! bili>y         
secretion is frequ5tly accompani$1      
al?\gh ! pati5t is o!rwise app>5tly 9   
tol]able heal?1 by a pa9 ov] !          
eye-balls1 p>ticul>ly :5 ! eyes are     
roll$ upw>d4  ,! prop] mode ( treatm5t =
 su* symptoms is1 to take )\t delay1 n  
less ?an tw5ty gra9s ( calomel1 & 9     
eight h\rs a w9e glass full ( ca/or oil4
 ,! tone ( ! /oma* %\ld n be suff]$ to  
s9k too mu* aft] ! op]ation ( ! m$ic9e1 
:i*1 if necess>y1 may be repeat$ 9      
tw5ty-f\r h\rs4 ,sulphate ( qu99e1 or   
o!r tonics1 ) nutritive food1 :i* is    
easy ( dige/ion1 %\ld also be tak5 9    
mod]ate portions at a "t4  ,:]e diseases
 are rapid 9 _! progress1 & dang]\s1 no 

"t is to be lo/4 ,! practice ( tak+     
salts & o!r ap]i5ts1 :5 9 expos$        
situations1 & = ! purpose ( prev5t+     
disease1 is injuri\s4 ,x is suffici5t1 t
 ! b[els be kept 9 a natural & heal?y   
/ate2 = all ca?>tics1 ev5 ! milde/1 h a 
t5d5cy to nauseate ! /oma*1 create      
debility1 & weak5 ! dige/ive faculty4 ,a
 r$uction ( tone 9 ! sy/em1 :i* is      
always advantage\s1 w be m safely       
effect$ by us+ some:at less ?an usual ( 
animal food1 & ( spiritu\s1 /rong v9\s1 
or f]m5t$ liquors4 ,! robu/ w d]ive     
b5efit f los+ a little blood4  ,x ought 
to be well und]/ood1 t z we approximate 
tropical climates1 ! doses ( m$ic9e1 :5 
tak51 %\ld be increas$ 9 quantity1 &    
repeat$ ) less delay ?an is admissible 9
 cold] c\ntries4 ,exposure to ! night   
air is c]ta9ly prejudicial2 s also is ! 
int5se heat ( ! sun1 9 ! middle ( ! day4
 ,viol5t ex]cise %\ld also be avoid$4   
,ba?+ daily 9 wat] ( a com=table        
temp]ature1 is a v comm5dable practice2 
& cotton worn next ! sk9 is pref]able to

 l954  ,x is impossible to prev5t !     
influ5ce ( an atmosph]e pregnant ) !    
causes ( disease2 b ! op]ation ( ^?     
causes may g5]ally be c\nt]act$ by      
att5tion to ! rules laid d[n2 & x is no 
small consolation to be aw>e1 t on      
recov]y f ! fir/ attack1 ! sy/em is     
bett] adapt$ to meet & su/a9 a second ( 
a simil> nature4 ,! read] w und]/& t we 
d n allude to relapses1 occurr+ :ile !  
sy/em is enfeebl$ by ! consequ5ces (    
disease4  ,to ! =ego+ rem>ks1 ,i add !  
foll[+1 f an address ( ,judge ,hall to !
 ,antiqu>ian & ,hi/orical ,society (    
,ill9ois1 ,decemb] #aj1 #ahbg4  ,!      
climate1 p>ticul>ly 9 ref]5ce to its    
influ5ce on ! human sy/em1 pres5ts ano!r
 subject ( inve/igation4 ,! we/]n c\ntry
 has be5 consid]$ unheal?y2 & !re h be5 
writ]s1 ^: di/urb$ imag9ations h misl$  
!m into a belief t ! :ole l& 0          
cont9ually expos$ to ! mo/ awful        
visitations ( ,provid5ce1 among :i* h   
be5 numb]$ ! hurricane1 ! pe/il5ce1 & ! 
e>?quake4 ,if we h be5 cont5t to smile  

at su* exagg]ations1 :ile few _h leisure
 to attempt a s]i\s refutation1 & :ile !
 facts ^u :i* any delib]ate op9ion mu/ h
 be5 bas$1 _h n be5 suffici5tly te/$ by 
exp]i5ce1 ! "t has n[ arriv$ :5 x is no 
long] excusable to submit 9 sil5ce to ! 
reproa*es ( ignorance or malice4 ,x is  
prop]1 h[ev]1 to rem>k1 z well 9        
ext5uation ( ^? :o h assail$ our c\ntry1
 z 9 ! support ( ! confid5tial d5ial1   
:i* ,i feel au?oriz$ to make to _!      
ass]tions1 t a va/ improvem5t 9 !       
article ( heal? has tak5 place )9 a few 
ye>s4 ,diseases are n[ mild :i* 7 once  
malignant1 & _! occurr5ce is annually   
becom+ less frequ5t4 ,?is happy *ange   
af=ds /rong au?ority = ! belief1 t      
al?\gh ! maladies :i* h h]et(ore        
afflict$ u1 7 p>tly imputable to !      
climate1 o!r1 & m p[]ful causes (       
disease mu/ h exi/$1 :i* h vani%$4 ,we  
:o came to ! fronti]1 :ile ! axe 0 /ill 
busy 9 ! =e/1 & :5 ?\s&s ( ! acres :i*  
n[ yield abundance to ! f>m]1 7         
unreclaim$ & t5antless1 h se5 ! exi/5ce 

( our fell[ citiz5s assail$ by o!r ?an !
 ord9>y m9i/]s ( dea?4 ,toil1 privation 
& exposure1 h hurri$ _m to ! grave2     
imprud5ce & c>elessness ( life1 h s5t   
cr[ds ( victims prematurely to ! tomb4  
,x is n to be d5i$ t ! m>g9s ( our great
 /reams 9 g5]al1 & _m spots 9 ! vic9ity 
( ext5sive m>%es1 are subject to bili\s 
diseases2 b x may be z confid5tly       
ass]t$1 t ! int]ior c\ntry is heal?y4   
,yet ! fir/ settl]s inv>iably select$ ! 
ri* alluvion l&s ^u ! navigable riv]s1 9
 pref]5ce to ! sc>cely less f]tile soil 
( ! prairies1 ly+ 9 situations less     
accessible1 & m remote f m>ket4 ,!y came
 to a wild]ness 9 :i* h\ses 7 n prep>$ =
 _! reception1 nor food1 o!r ?an t      
suppli$ by nature1 provid$ = _!         
su/5ance4 ,!y (t5 encamp$ on ! m>g9 ( ! 
riv] expos$ to its *illy atmosph]e1 )\t 
a t5t to %elt]1 ) sc>cely a blanket to  
protect !m4 ,_! fir/ habitations 7 rude 
cab9s1 af=d+ sc>cely a %elt] f ! ra91 & 
too frail to af=d protection f ! burn+  
heat ( ! noonday sun1 or ! *ill+ effects

 ( ! midnight bla/4 ,z _! families      
increas$1 ano!r & ano!r cab9 0 add$1 z  
crazy & z *e]less z ! fir/1 until1      
admoni%$ ( ! increase ( _! own sub/ance1
 ! influx ( weal?i] neighbors1 & ! g5]al
 improvem5t ( ! c\ntry ar\nd !m1 !y 7   
allur$ by pride to d t to :i* !y nev]   
w\ld h be5 impell$ by suff]+4 ,!        
gratuit\s exposure to ! climate1 :i* !  
backwoodsman seems r to c\rt ?an avoid1 
is a subject ( common rem>k4 ,no        
extremity ( wea!r conf9es him to ! %elt]
 ( 8 own ro(4 ,:e!r ! object be bus9ess 
or pleasure1 x is pursu$ ) ! same       
composure amid ! %ad[s ( ! night1 or !  
h[l+ ( ! tempe/1 z 9 ! mo/ g5ial season4
 ,nor is ?is trait ( "* conf9$ to       
woodsm5 or to f>m]s2 examples ( h>dihood
 are contagi\s1 & 9 ?is c\ntry all ranks
 ( p neglect1 or despise ! ord9>y       
precautions ) respect to heal?4 ,judges 
& lawy]s1 m]*ants1 physicians & m9i/]s (
 ! gospel1 set ! seasons at defiance 9 !
 pursuit ( _! respective call+s4 ,!y    
prosecute _! j\rneys reg>dless ( wea!r2 

& le>n at la/ to feel little inconv5i5ce
 f ! exposure1 :i* is sil5tly und]m9+ _!
 con/itutions4 ,is x extraord9>y t p ?us
 expos$ %\ld be attack$ by viol5t       
maladies8 ,w\ld x n be m wond]ful t su* 
a c>eless prodigality ( life c\ld pass )
 impunity8 ,^! rem>ks might be ext5d$2 !
 food ( ! fir/ settl]1 consi/+ *iefly ( 
fre% meat )\t vegetables & (t5 )\t salt2
 ! common use ( ard5t spirits1 ! want ( 
m$ical aid1 by :i* diseases1 at fir/    
simple1 be+ neglect$ become dang]\s2 &  
o!r evils peculi> to a new c\ntry1 might
 be notic$ z fruitful s\rces ( disease2 
b ,i h already dwelt suffici5tly on ?is 
subject4 ,t ?is c\ntry is decid$ly      
heal?y1 ,i feel no hesitation 9 decl>+2 
b nei!r argum5t nor nak$ ass]tions w    
conv9ce ! _w4 ,let u collect su* facts z
 am\nt to evid5ce1 & e/abli% ! tru? by  
und5iable demon/ration4  ,,footnotes3   
#f ,uni=m exposure to ! wea!r is        
favorable to heal?4 ,i c affirm ?is f   
long exp]i5ce & obs]vation4 ,our hunt]s1
 & surveyors1 :o uni=mly sp5d _! "t =   

weeks 9 ! woods & prairies1 :o wade 9 ! 
wat]1 swim creeks1 are dr5*$ 9 ! ra9s & 
dews1 & sleep 9 ! op5 air or a camp at  
night1 v r>ely are attack$ ) fev]s4 ,i h
 kn[n repeat$ in/ances ( "y m51 br\ght  
up delicately 9 ! ea/]n cities1         
accu/om$1 z cl]ks1 to a s$5t>y life1 )  
feeble con/itutions1--,i h kn[n su*     
repeat$ly to ent] ^u ! bus9ess ( survey+
 ! public l&s1 or 9 ! hunt+ & trapp+    
bus9ess1 be abs5t = mon?s1 & return )   
robu/ heal?4 ,x is a common ?+ = a      
fronti] man1 ^: heal? is on ! decl9e1 & 
especially :5 indications ( pulmon>y    
affection appe>1 to engage 9 a hunt+    
exp$ition to r5ovate 8 heal?4 ,i /ate ^!
 facts1 & leave x to ! m$ical faculty to
 expla9 ! :y & :]e=e4 ,"o circum/ance   
may des]ve att5tion4 ,all ^! m51 z d !  
,indians1 sleep ) _! feet t[>ds ! fire  
at night4 ,& x is a common notion ) ?is 
class1 t if ! feet are kept hot ?r\gh ! 
night1 h[ev] cold ! atmosph]e1 or h[ev] 
mu* expos$ ! re/ ( ! body1 no evil      
consequ5ces w ensue4 ,i h pass$ _m a    

night 9 ?is position1 aft] fatigu+ rides
 ( ?irty or =ty miles 9 ! day on our    
extreme fronti]s1 & ?r\gh ra9s1 & nev]  
exp]i5c$ any inconv5i5ce to heal?1 if ,i
 c\ld get a pallet on ! cab9 floor1 & my
 feet to ! fire4  ,^? :o are expos$ to  
^! h>d%ips b occasionally1 :5 compell$  
by necessity1 & :o endeavor to protect  
!mselves at all o!r times1 usually suff]
 aft] su* exposure4  ,i h obs]v$ t      
*ildr51 :5 left to run 9 ! op5 air &    
wea!r1 :o g b>efoot1 & (t5times ) a s+le
 light g>m5t ar\nd !m1 :o sleep on !    
floor at night1 are m heal?y ?an ^? :o  
are protect$4     ,,*apt] ,,iv4  ,,"*1  
,,mann]s1 ,,& ,,pursuits ,,( ,,! ,,p4   
,cotton & ,sug>                         
,plant]s2--,f>m]s2--,population ( ! l>ge
 t[ns & cities2--,fronti]               
class2--,hunt]s & ,trapp]s2--,boatm54   
,!re is great div]sity 9 ! "* & habits (
 ! population ( ! ,valley ( !           
,mississippi4  ,^? :o h emigrat$ f !    
,atlantic /ates1 z h a v l>ge proportion
 ( ^? p]sons :o 7 n born 9 ! ,valley1 ( 

c\rse d n diff] ess5tially f ! rema9+   
population ( ^? /ates4 ,"s slight %ades 
( diff]5ce are p]ceptible 9 su* p]sons z
 h liv$ long en\gh 9 ! c\ntry to become 
assimilat$ to ! habits1 & p>take ( !    
feel+s1 ( we/]n p4  ,emigrants f ,europe
 h br\ght ! peculi>ities ( ! nations &  
c\ntries f :5ce !y h orig9at$1 b are fa/
 los+ _! national mann]s1 & feel+s1 &1  
to use a prov9cial t]m1 w soon become   
we/]niz$4  ,! m>* ( emigration f !      
,atlantic bord] has be5 ne>ly 9 a l9e   
due we/4 ,t5nessee 0 settl$ by          
,c>ol9ians1 & ,k5tucky by ,virg9ians4   
,ohio receiv$ ! basis ( its population f
 ! /ates 9 ! same p>allel1 & h5ce       
p>takes ( all ! v>ieties f ,m>yl& to    
,new ,engl&4 ,mi*igan is sub/antially a 
*ild ( ,new ,york4 ,! plant]s ( ! s\? h 
gone to ,mississippi1 ,l\isiana1 & !    
s\!rn "p ( ,arkansas4 ,k5tucky &        
,t5nessee h spread _! sons & daught]s   
ov] ,indiana1 ,ill9ois & ,miss\ri2 b !  
two =m] /ates are n[ receiv+ great      
numb]s ( emigrants f all ! nor!rn /ates1

 includ+ ,ohio1 & multitudes f ! s\?1 :o
 desire to remove beyond ! b\nd>ies &   
influ5ce ( a slave population4  ,slav]y 
9 ! we/1 keeps ne>ly 9 ! same p>allels z
 x holds 9 ! ea/1 & is rec$+ s\?1 z x   
does on ! ,atlantic coa/4 ,_m desc5dants
 ( ! ,scot*1 ,iri% & ,g]mans1 h come    
into ! fronti] /ates f ,we/]n           
,p5nsylvania4  ,we h ,european emigrants
 f ,great ,brita9 & ,irel&4 ,^? ( !     
latt] are m g5]ally f\nd ab\t our l>ge  
t[ns & cities1 & along ! l9es ( canall+4
  ,! ,fr5* 7 ! explor]s & e>ly settl]s (
 ! ,valley imm$iately bord]+ on !       
,mississippi1 #aej ye>s s9ce4 ,!y =m$ ! 
basis ( population ( ,l\isiana a few    
ye>s s9ce1 b are relatively dim9i%+ be=e
 ! emigration f o!r /ates ( ! ,union4   
,_! desc5dants %[ _m ( ! peculi> &      
di/9ctive traits ( t p 9 all c\ntries4  
,!y possess mild vivacity1 & gaiety1 &  
are di/+ui%$ = _! quiet1 in(f5sive1     
dome/ic1 frugal1 & un5t]pris+ _s &      
mann]s4 ,! poor] class ( ,fr5* are r    
peculi> & unique4 ,_! ance/ors 7 isolat$

 f ! re/ ( ! _w1 _h no object (         
excitem5t or ambition1 c>$ little =     
weal?1 or ! accumulation ( prop]ty1 & 7 
accu/om$ to hunt1 make voyages 9 _!     
canoes1 smoke & traffic ) ! ,indians4 ,b
 few ( !m knew h[ to read & write4      
,accu/om$ f infancy to ! life ( huntsm51
 trapp]s & boatm51 !y make b indiff]5t  
f>m]s4 ,!y are cont5t$ to live 9 ! same 
rude1 b neatly :itewa%$ cab91 cultivate 
! same cornfields 9 ! same mode1 & drive
 ! same rudely con/ruct$ horse c>t _!   
fa!rs did4 ,9 ! neatness ( _! g>d5s1 :i*
 are usually cultivat$ by ! females1 !y 
excel ! ,am]icans4 ,!y are ! c\reurs du 
bois ( ! ,we/4  ,! ,european ,g]mans are
 n[ com+ into ! ,valley by ?\s&s1 &1 = a
 "t1 w reta9 _! mann]s & language4      
,cotton & ,sug> ,plant]s4--,^! p1 f\nd  
*iefly 9 ,mississippi1 ,l\isiana1 & !   
s\!rn "p ( ,arkansas1 h a great degree (
 simil>ity4 ,!y are not$ = _!           
high-m9d$ness1 g5]osity1 lib]ality1     
hospitality1 sociability1 quick s5se (  
honor1 res5tm5t ( injuries1 indol5ce1 &1

 9 too _m cases1 dissipation4 ,!y are   
mu* addict$ to ! sports ( ! turf & !    
vices ( ! gam+ table4 ,/ill !re are _m  
plant]s ( /rictly moral1 & ev5 religi\s 
habits4 ,!y are excessively jeal\s ( _! 
political rights1 yet frank & op5 he>t$ 
9 _! dispositions1 & c>ry ! duties (    
hospitality to a great ext5t4 ,hav+     
ov]se]s on mo/ ( _! plantations1 ! labor
 be+ p]=m$ by slaves1 !y h mu* leisure1 
& are av]se to mu* p]sonal att5tion to  
bus9ess4 ,!y dislike c>e1 pr(\nd ?9k+ & 
deep impressions4 ,! "y m5 are volatile1
 gay1 da%+ & reckless spirits1 fond (   
excitem5t & high life4 ,!re is a fatal  
prop5sity among/ ! s\!rn plant]s to     
decide qu>rels1 & ev5 trivial disputes  
by duels4 ,b !re are also _m amiable &  
noble traits ( "* among/ ?is class2 & if
 ! pr9ciples ( ! ,bible & religion c\ld 
be br\ght to ex]t a controll+ influ5ce1 
!re w\ld be a noble spirit$ race ( p 9 !
 s\?we/]n /ates4  ,x _c be expect$ t ,i 
%\ld pass 9 entire sil5ce ! sy/em (     
slavehold+ 9 ! l[] ,valley1 or its      

influ5ce on ! mann]s & habits ( ! p4    
,?is /ate ( society seems unavoidable at
 pres5t1 ?\gh ,i h no idea or           
expectation x w be p]petual4 ,opposite  
s5tim5ts & feel+s are spread+ ov] ! :ole
 e>?1 & a p]son mu/ h be5 a v inatt5tive
 obs]v] ( ! t5d5cies & effects ( !      
diffusion ( lib]al pr9ciples n to       
p]ceive t h]$it>y1 dome/ic s]vitude mu/ 
h an end4  ,?is is a subject1 h[ev]1 t f
 our civil compact1 belongs exclusively 
to ! citiz5s ( ! /ates conc]n$2 & if n  
unreasonably annoy$1 ! f>m+ slavehold+  
/ates1 z ,k5tucky1 ,t5nessee & ,miss\ri1
 w soon provide = its ev5tual t]m9ation4
 ,d\btless1 9 ! cotton & sug> gr[+ /ates
 x w reta9 its hold ) m t5acity1 b !    
influ5ce ( free pr9ciples w roll onw>d  
until ! evil is annihilat$4  ,! b>b>\s &
 unwise regulations 9 "s ( ! plant+     
/ates1 :i* prohibit ! slaves f be+      
taught to read1 are a s]i\s imp$im5t to 
! moral & religi\s in/ruction ( t num]\s
 & un=tunate class4 ,su* laws display on
 ! "p ( ! law mak]s1 little k ( human   

nature & ! real t5d5cy ( ?+s4 ,to keep  
slaves entirely ignorant ( ! rights (   
man1 9 ?is _s-/irr+ age1 is utt]ly      
impossible4 ,seek out ! remote/ & d>ke/ 
corn] ( ,l\isiana1 & plant e gu>d t is  
possible ar\nd ! negro qu>t]s1 & ! light
 ( tru? w p5etrate4 ,slaves w f9d out1 =
 !y already "k x1 t !y possess rights z 
m54 ,& "h is ! fatal mi/ake n[ committ$ 
9 ! s\!rn slavehold+ /ates--legislat+   
aga9/ ! in/ruction ( _! slaves--to keep 
!m f kn[+ _! rights4 ,!y w obta9 "s     
loose1 vague1 & undef9$ notion ( !      
doctr9e ( human rights1 & !             
unrighte\sness ( oppression 9 ?is       
republican c\ntry4 ,be+ kept f all !    
moral & religi\s in/ruction :i* ,sabba? 
s*ools1 ! ,bible1 & o!r good books are  
calculat$ to imp>t1 & ) ^? undef9$      
notions ( lib]ty1 & )\t any moral       
pr9ciple1 !y are prep>$ to ent] into !  
fir/ insurrection>y movem5t propos$ by  
"s artful & tal5t$ lead]4 ,! same notion
 prevail$ 9 ! ,we/ ,indies half a c5tury
 s9ce1 & _m ( ! plant]s resi/$ &        

p]secut$ ! b5evol5t ,moravians1 :o w5t  
!re to in/ruct ! blacks 9 ! pr9ciples & 
duties ( religion4 ,a few ( ! plant]s   
reason$ ju/ly4 ,!y invit$ ^! b5evol5t m5
 on _! plantations1 & gave !m full      
lib]ty on ! ,sabba?1 & at o!r suitable  
seasons1 to in/ruct _! slaves4 ,!       
happie/ effects foll[$4 ,on ^!          
plantations1 :]e riot1 misrule1 &       
?reat5$ insurrections1 _h once spread a 
panic ?r\gh ! colony1 ord]1 quietness & 
submission foll[$4 ,su* w\ld be !       
effects if ! s\!rn plant] w\ld invite ! 
m9i/] ( ! gospel & ! ,sunday s*ool tea*]
 to visit 8 plantation1 all[ 8 slaves to
 be in/ruct$ to read1 & ea* to be       
furni%$ ) a copy ( ! ,scriptures4 ,!    
s\!rn plant] h\rly lives "u ! mo/       
t]rific appreh5sions4 ,x is 9 va9 to    
disguise ! fact4 ,z ,mr4 ,r&olph once   
significantly said 9 ,congress1 :5 !    
night bell r+s1 ! "m hugs h] infant     
clos] to h] brea/4 ,slav]y1 "u any      
circum/ances1 is a bitt]                
draught--equally bitt] to him :o t5d]s !

 cup1 & to him :o dr9ks x4 ,b 9 all !   
nor!rn slavehold+ /ates1 x is           
comp>atively mild4 ,its condition w\ld  
be mu* alleviat$1 & ! plant] might sleep
 securely if he w\ld aboli% 8 b>b>\s    
laws1 m cong5ial ) ,asiatic despotism   
?an ,am]ican republicanism1 & provide = 
8 slaves ! b5efits ( :olesome           
in/ruction4 ,philan?ropy & int]e/ unite 
9 _! dem&s ^u e s\!rn plant] to provide 
,sunday s*ool in/ruction = 8 slaves4  ,!
 plant+ region ( ! l[] ,valley furni%es 
an imm5se m>ket = ! productions &       
manufactures ( ! upp] ,valley4          
,indirectly1 ! ,l\isiana sug> bus9ess is
 a s\rce ( pr(it to ! f>m] ( ,ill9ois & 
,miss\ri4 ,pork1 beef1 corn1 corn-meal1 
fl\r1 potatoes1 butt]1 hay1 c4 9 va/    
quantities1 g to supply ^! plantations4 
,9 lay+ 9 _! /ores1 ! sug> plant]s      
usually pur*ase "o b>rel ( second or    
?ird quality ( beef or pork p] annum1 = 
ea* labor]4 ,l>ge drafts = sug> mills1  
eng9es & boil]s1 are made ^u ! ,c9c9nati
 & ,pittsburg iron f\ndries4 ,mules &   

horses are driv5 f ! upp] c\ntry1 or f !
 ,mexican dom9ions1 to keep up ! supply4
  ,! comm]ce ( ! upp] c\ntry t          
conc5trates at ,new ,orleans is amaz+1 &
 e ye> is rapidly increas+4 ,sixte5     
hundr$ arrivals ( /eamboats took place 9
 #ahcb1 & ! e/imat$ numb] 9 #ahce is    
#b1cjj4  ,f>m]s4--,9 ! nor!rn half ( !  
,valley ! productions1 & ! modes (      
cultivation & liv+ are su* z to         
*>act]ize a l>ge proportion ( !         
population z f>m]s4 ,no c\ntry on e>?   
has su* facilities = agriculture4 ,!    
soil is abundantly f]tile1 ! seasons    
ord9>ily favorable to ! gr[? & maturity 
( crops1 & e f>m] 9 a few ye>s1 )       
reasonable indu/ry1 becomes comp>atively
 indep5d5t4 ,tobacco & hemp are among ! 
/aple productions ( ,k5tucky4  ,neat    
cattle1 horses1 mules & sw9e are its    
/ock4 ,"s /ock gr[]s h monopoliz$ !     
small] f>ms till !y are surr\nd$ )      
sev]al ?\s& acres4 ,blue grass pa/ures  
furni% summ] fe$1 & ext5sive fields (   
corn1 cut up ne> ! gr\nd1 & /ack$ 9 !   

fields1 furni% /ores = fatt5+ /ock 9 !  
w9t]4  ,9 "s c\nties1 rais+ ( /ock has  
tak5 place ( all o!r bus9ess4 ,! ,scioto
 ,valley1 & o!r di/ricts 9 ,ohio1 are   
fam\s = f9e1 well f$ beef4 ,?\s&s ( "y  
cattle are pur*as$ by ! ,ohio grazi]s1  
at ! close ( w9t]1 ( ! f>m]s ( ,ill9ois 
& ,miss\ri4 ,! ,miami & ,:itewat]       
sections ( ,ohio & ,indiana1 ab\nd )    
sw9e4 ,c9c9nati has be5 ! great pork m>t
 ( ! _w4 #aej1jjj head ( hogs h be5     
frequ5tly slaught]$ !re 9 a season4     
,ab\t #ge1jjj is e/imat$ to be ! numb]  
slaught]$ at t place ! pres5t season4   
,?is app>5t fall+ (f 9 ! pork bus9ess1  
at ,c9c9nati1 is acc\nt$ = by ! va/     
increase ( bus9ess at o!r places4 ,s9ce 
! op5+ ( ! canals 9 ,ohio1 _m provision 
e/abli%m5ts h be5 made along _! l9e4    
,mu* bus9ess ( ! k9d is n[ done at ,t]re
 ,haute & o!r t[ns on ! ,waba%1--at     
,madison1 ,l\isville1 & o!r t[ns on !   
,ohio1--at ,alton & o!r places 9        
,ill9ois4  ,! f>m]s ( ! ,we/ are        
indep5d5t 9 feel+1 pla9 9 dress1 simple 

9 mann]s1 frank & hospitable 9 _!       
dwell+s1 & soon acquire a compet5cy by  
mod]ate labor4 ,^? f ,k5tucky1          
,t5nessee1 or o!r /ates s\? ( ! ,ohio   
riv]1 h l>ge fields1 well cultivat$1 &  
enclos$ ) /rong built rail or worm      
f5ces1 b !y (t5 neglect to provide      
spaci\s b>ns & o!r ou?\ses = _! gra91   
hay & /ock4 ,! influ5ce ( habit1 is     
p[]ful4 ,a ,k5tuckian w\ld look )       
contempt ^u ! l[ f5ces ( a ,new-,engl&] 
z indicat+ ?riftless habits1 :ile !     
latt] w\ld po9t at ! un%elt]$ /acks (   
:eat1 & dirty ?re%+ floor ( ! =m]1 z    
pro( direct ( bad economy & wa/efulness4
  ,population ( ! ,cities & l>ge ,t[ns4 
,! population ( we/]n t[ns does n diff] 
ess5tially f ! same class 9 ! ,atlantic 
/ates1 except+ !re is mu* less division 
into grades & ranks1 less ignorance1 l[ 
depravity & squalid pov]ty among/ !     
poor1 & less ari/ocratic feel+ among/ ! 
ri*4 ,z !re is nev] any lack ( employm5t
 = labor]s ( e description1 !re is      
comp>atively no suff]+ f t cause4 ,& !  

hospitable habits ( ! p provide = !     
sick1 infirm & helpless4 ,d\btless1 our 
circum/ances m ?an any ?+ else1 cause ^!
 %ades ( diff]5ce4 ,! common me*anic is 
on a social equality ) ! m]*ant1 !      
lawy]1 ! physician1 & ! m9i/]4 ,!y h %>$
 9 ! same fatigues & privations1 p>took 
( ! same homely f>e1 9 _m in/ances h    
f\ght side by side 9 def5ce ( _! homes  
aga9/ ! inroads ( savages1--are         
frequ5tly elect$ to ! same po/s ( honor1
 & h accumulat$ prop]ty simultane\sly4  
,_m me*anics 9 ! we/]n cities & t[ns1   
are ! own]s ( _! own dwell+s1 & ( o!r   
build+s1 :i* !y r5t4 ,i h kn[n _m a     
weal?y m]*ant1 or pr(essional g5tleman  
occupy on r5t1 a build+ wor? sev]al ?\s&
 doll>s1 ! prop]ty ( "s indu/ri\s       
me*anic1 :o1 b a few ye>s previ\s1 0 an 
appr5tice lad1 or work$ at 8 trade z a  
j\rneyman4 ,any sob]1 indu/ri\s me*anic 
c place himself 9 afflu5t circum/ances1 
& place 8 *ildr5 on an equality ) !     
*ildr5 ( ! comm]cial & pr(essional      
community1 by migrat+ to any ( our new &

 ris+ we/]n t[ns4 ,!y w f9d no occasion 
"h = comb9ations to su/a9 _! int]e/s1   
nor meet ) annoyance f gangs (          
unpr9cipl$ =eign]s1 "u ! impos+ names ( 
,trades ,unions4  ,manufactures ( v>i\s 
k9ds are c>ri$ on 9 our we/]n cities4   
,pittsburg has be5 *>act]iz$ z !        
,birm+ham ( ,am]ica4 ,! manufactures (  
iron1 ma*9]y & glass1 & ! build+ (      
/eamboats1 are c>ri$ on to a great      
ext5t4  ,iron & salt1 are made 9 great  
quantities 9 ,we/]n ,p5nsylvania1 &     
,we/]n ,virg9ia4 ,/eamboats are built to
 a consid]able ext5t at ,fulton1 two    
miles above ,c9c9nati1 & occasionally at
 _m o!r places on ! ,ohio & ,mississippi
 riv]s4 ,alton (f]s great facilities =  
?is bus9ess4 ,cotton bagg+1 bale ropes1 
& cordage1 are manufactur$ 9 ,t5nessee &
 ,k5tucky4 ,! foll[+ article f !        
,cov+ton ,enquir]1 gives a few items ( !
 indu/ry & ent]prise ( ,k5tucky1--( !   
manufacture ( ,newport & ,cov+ton4 ,bo? 
( ^! ?riv+ t[ns lie at ! m\? ( ! ,lick+ 
riv]1 ! "o on ! "r bank1 & ! o!r on !   

left1 & bo? 9 direct view ( ,c9c9nati4  
,,manufactures ,,9 ,,cov+ton ,,&        
,,newport4  ,f\nd+ ! calculation ^u !   
actual manufactures ( ,octob]1 & ! kn[n 
p[] ( _! ma*9]y1 ! ,company w ! ensu+   
ye>1 give employm5t to m ?an f\r hundr$ 
op]atives1 & manufacture1   #fj1jjj lbs4
 ( ,cotton ,bagg+1  #hd1jjj   d         
,cotton ,y>ns1  #bgd1bfh  lbs4 ,bale    
,rope1  #ddh1jjj  d   ,cordage1         
#dd1eib y>ds ,l9seys1   #fc1ehh  d      
,cotton ,pla9s1   #ig1cdd  d   ,k5tucky 
,jeans1  #edh1ecj  d   ,cotton ,bagg+ & 
,hemp4  ,e/imat+ ,bale ,rope & ,cotton  
,bagg+ at #cc p] c5t "u ! price at :i* !
 ,company h sold ^! articles = ! la/ six
 mon?s1 ! manufactures ( ?is ,company   
dur+ ! ensu+ ye> w am\nt to #ceh1edh4dd4
 ,almo/ all ! manufactures at ,cov+ton &
 ,newport be+ export$ to =eign m>kets1 x
 w result t ! annual exports f ^! po9ts 
w1 9 r\nd numb]s1 be f !   ,int]ior     
#gej1jjj  ,campbell ,c\nty              
#aej1jjj  ,boone ,c\nty                 
#bcd1jjj  ,cov+ton              #edh1ejj

  ,newport                #ceh1ejj      
----------                              
#b1jda1jjj  ,! ,newport ,manufactur+    
,company has dep5d$ pr9cipally = its    
supply ( ,hemp1 on ! production ( ,mason
 c\nty1 ( :i* ,maysville is !           
m>ket2--?is season !y h n be5 able to   
get a supply at ,maysville1 & x is a    
rem>kable fact 9 ! hi/ory ( ! ,hemp     
manufactories 9 ,k5tucky1 t ?is company1
 ow+ to ! sc>city & high prices ( ,hemp 
9 ,k5tucky1 has import$ ?is season      
#ced1bja lbs4 ,russia ,hemp4  ,v>i\s    
manufactures are spr++ up 9 all ! new   
/ates1 :i* w be notic$ "u _! prop]      
heads4  ,! numb] ( m]*ants & trad]s is v
 great 9 ! ,valley ( ! ,mississippi1 yet
 m]cantile bus9ess is rapidly           
increas+4--,?\s&s ( ! f>m]s ( ! ,we/1   
are p>tial trad]s4 ,!y take _! own      
produce1 9 _! own flat boats1 d[n !     
riv]s to ! m>ket ( ! l[] c\ntry4        
,fronti] class ( ,population4 ,! r\gh1  
/urdy habits ( ! backwoodsm51 liv+ 9 t  
pl5ty :i* dep5ds on ,god & nature1 h    

laid ! f\ndation ( indep5d5t ?\ght &    
feel+ deep 9 ! m9ds ( we/]n p4          
,g5]ally1 9 all ! we/]n settlem5ts1 ?ree
 classes1 l ! waves ( ! ocean1 h roll$  
"o aft] ! o!r4 ,fir/ comes ! ,pione]1 :o
 dep5ds = ! subsi/5ce ( 8 family *iefly 
^u ! natural gr[? ( vegetation1 call$ ! 
range1 & ! proce$s ( hunt+4 ,8 implem5ts
 ( agriculture are rude1 *iefly ( 8 own 
make1 & 8 ef=ts direct$ ma9ly to a crop 
( corn1 & a truck pat*4 ,! la/ is a rude
 g>d5 = gr[+ cabbage1 beans1 corn =     
roa/+ e>s1 cucumb]s & potatoes4 ,a log  
cab91 & occasionally a /able & corn     
crib1 & a field ( a doz5 acres1 ! timb] 
girdl$ or dead5$1 & f5c$1 are en\gh = 8 
occupancy4 ,x is q immat]ial :e!r he ev]
 becomes ! own] ( ! soil4 ,he is !      
occupant = ! "t be+1 pays no r5t1 &     
feels z indep5d5t z ! "l ( ! manor4 ,) a
 horse1 c[1 & "o or two bre$]s ( sw9e1  
he /rikes into ! woods ) 8 family1 &    
becomes ! f\nd] ( a new c\nty1 or p]haps
 /ate4 ,he builds 8 cab91 ga!rs ar\nd   
him a few o!r families ( simil> ta/e &  

habits1 & occupies till ! range is      
some:at subdu$1 & hunt+ a little        
prec>i\s1 or1 :i* is m frequ5tly ! case1
 till neighbors cr[d ar\nd1 roads1      
bridges & fields annoy him1 & he lacks  
elb[-room4 ,! pre-emption law enables   
him to dispose ( 8 cab9 & cornfield1 to 
! next class ( emigrants1 &1 to employ 8
 own figures1 he breaks = ! high        
timb]1--cle>s out = ! ,new ,pur*ase1 or 
migrates to ,arkansas or ,texas1 to "w !
 same process ov]4  ,! next class (     
emigrants pur*ase ! l&s1 add field to   
field1 cle> out ! roads1 ?r[ r\gh       
bridges ov] ! /reams1 put up hewn log   
h\ses1 ) glass w9d[s1 & brick or /one   
*imneys1 occasionally plant or*>ds1     
build mills1 s*ool h\ses1 c\rt h\ses1   
c41 & exhibit ! picture & =ms ( pla91   
frugal1 civiliz$ life4  ,ano!r wave     
rolls on4 ,! m5 ( capital & ent]prise   
come4 ,! settl] is ready to sell out1 & 
take ! advantage ( ! rise (             
prop]ty1--pu% f>!r into ! int]ior1 &    
become himself1 a man ( capital &       

ent]prise 9 "t4 ,! small village rises  
to a spaci\s t[n or city1--sub/antial   
edifices ( brick1 ext5sive fields1      
or*>ds1 g>d5s--colleges & *ur*es are    
se54 ,broadclo?s1 silks1 leghorns1      
crapes1 & all ! ref9em5ts1 luxuries1    
elegancies1 frivolities & fa%ions1 are 9
 vogue4 ,?us wave aft] wave is roll+    
we/w>d--! real el dorado is /ill f>!r   
on4  ,a portion ( ! two fir/ classes    
rema9 /ation>y amid/ ! g5]al movem5t1   
improve _! habits & condition1 & rise 9 
! scale ( society4  ,! writ] has        
travell$ mu* among/ ! fir/ class--! real
 pione]s4 ,he has liv$ _m ye>s 9        
connexion ) ! second grade1 & n[ ! ?ird 
wave is sweep+ ov] l>ge di/ricts (      
,indiana1 ,ill9ois & ,miss\ri4          
,migration has become almo/ a habit 9 ! 
we/4 ,hundr$s ( m5 c be f\nd1 n fifty   
ye>s ( age1 :o h settl$ = ! f\r?1 fif?1 
or six? "t on a new spot4 ,to sell out &
 remove only a few hundr$ miles1 makes  
up a portion ( ! v>iety ( backwoods life
 & mann]s4  ,b to return to ! ,fronti]  

class4  #a4 ,dress4--,! hunt+ %irt is   
univ]sally worn4 ,?is is a k9d ( loose1 
op5 frock1 rea*+ halfway d[n ! ?ighs1 ) 
l>ge sleeves1 ! body op5 9 front1 lapp$ 
ov]1 & belt$ ) a lea!rn girdle1 held    
toge!r ) a buckle4 ,! cape is l>ge1 &   
usually fr+$ ) diff]5t color$ clo? f t (
 ! body4 ,! bosom ( ?is dress sometimes 
s]ves z a wallet = a *unk ( bread1 j]k  
or smoke-dri$ v5ison1 & o!r articles4 ,x
 is made ei!r ( dress$ de] sk9s1 l9sey1 
co>se l951 or cotton4 ,! %irt1 wai/coat 
& pantaloons are ( simil> articles & ( !
 cu/om>y =m4 ,wrapp]s ( clo? or dress$  
sk9s1 call$ legg9s are ti$ r\nd ! legs  
:5 travell+4 ,moccas9s ( de] sk9s1 %oe  
packs1 & r\gh %oes1 ! lea!r tann$ &     
cobbl$ by ! own]1 are worn on ! feet4   
,! females' dress 9 a co>se g[n (       
cotton1 a bonnet ( ! same /uff1 &       
d5om9at$ 9 ! ea/]n /ates a sun-bonnet4  
,! latt] is con/antly worn ?r\gh ! day1 
especially :5 company is pres5t4 ,!     
clo?+ = bo? sexes is made at home4 ,!   
:eel & loom are common articles (       

furniture 9 e cab94  #b4                
,dwell+s4--,cab9 is ! "n = a pla91 r\gh 
log-h\se1 ?r\gh\t ! we/4 ,! spot be+    
select$1 usually 9 ! timb]$ l&1 & ne> "s
 spr+1 ! fir/ op]ation ( ! newly arriv$ 
emigrant is to cut ab\t #dj logs ( !    
prop] size & l5g? = a s+le cab91 or     
twice t numb] = a d\ble "o1 & haul !m to
 ! spot4 ,a l>ge oak or o!r suitable    
timb]1 ( /raight gra91 & free f limbs1  
is select$ = clapbo>ds = ! ro(4 ,^! are 
f\r feet 9 l5g?1 split ) a froe six or  
eight in*es wide1 & half an in* ?ick4   
,pun*eons are us$ = ! floor4 ,^! are    
made by splitt+ trees ab\t eighte5 in*es
 9 diamet] into slabs1 two or ?ree in*es
 9 ?ickness1 & hewn on ! upp] surface4  
,! door way is made by cutt+ out ! logs 
aft] rais+1 ( a suitable wid?1 & putt+  
upright pieces ( timb] at ! sides4 ,!   
%utt] is made ( clapbo>ds1 p9n$ on cross
 pieces1 hung by wood5 h+es1 & fa/5$ by 
a wood5 lat*4 ,a simil> ap]ture1 b is   
wid] made at "o end = ! *imney4 ,! m5 ( 
! settlem5t1 :5 notifi$1 collect & raise

 ! build+4 ,f\r /\t m5 ) axes are plac$ 
on ! corn]s to not* ! logs toge!r1 :ile 
! re/ ( ! company lift !m up4 ,aft] !   
ro( is on ! body ( ! build+1 x is       
slightly hew$ d[n bo? out & inside4 ,!  
ro( is =m$ by %ort5+ ea* end log 9      
succession till "o log =ms ! comb ( !   
ro(4 ,! clapbo>ds are put on s z to cov]
 all cracks1 & held d[n by poles or     
small logs4  ,! *imney is built ( /icks 
( wood1 ! l>ge/ at ! bottom1 & ! smalle/
 at ! top1 & laid up ) a supply ( mud or
 clay mort>4 ,! int]/ices betwe5 ! logs 
are *9k$ ) /rips ( wood & daub$ ) mort> 
bo? outside & 94 ,a d\ble cab9 consi/s (
 two su* build+s ) a space ( #aj or #ab 
feet betwe51 ov] :i* ! ro( ext5ds4  ,a  
log h\se1 9 we/]n p>lance1 diff]s f a   
cab9 9 ! logs be+ hewn on two sides to  
an equal ?ickness be=e rais+1--9 hav+ a 
fram$ & %+l$ ro(1 a brick or /one       
*imney1 w9d[s1 tight floors1 & are      
frequ5tly clapbo>d$ on ! outside &      
pla/]$ )94  ,a log h\se ?us f9i%$1 co/s 
m ?an a fram$ "o4 ,cab9s are (t5 !      

tempor>y dwell+s ( opul5t & highly      
respectable families4  ,! axe1 aug]1    
froe1 draw+ knife1 broad-axe1 & crosscut
 saw are ! only tools requir$ 9         
con/ruct+ ^! rude edifices2--sometimes !
 axe & aug] only are employ$4 ,n a nail 
or pane ( glass is ne$$4 ,cab9s are by  
no means z wret*$ = resid5ces z _! "n   
imports4  ,!y are (t5 roomy1 com=table &
 neat4 ,if "o is n suffici5t to         
accommodate ! family1 ano!r is add$1 &  
ano!r until suffici5t room is obta9$4   
#c4 ,furniture & mode ( liv+4--,! g5u9e 
backwoodsman makes himself & family     
com=table & cont5t$ :]e ^?1 unaccu/om$  
to 8 mode ( life1 w\ld live 9 unavail+  
regret1 or make a ?\s& awkw>d apologies 
on ! visit ( a neighbor or travell]4 ,a 
table is made ( a split slab & support$ 
by f\r r\nd legs4 ,clapbo>ds support$ by
 p9s /uck 9 ! logs answ] = %elves =     
table furniture4 ,! b$/ead is (t5 made 9
 ! corn] ( ! room by /icks plac$ 9 !    
logs1 support$ at ! outw>d corn] by a   
po/1 on :i* clapbo>ds are laid1 ! ends (

 :i* ent] ! wall betwe5 ! logs1 & :i*   
support ! b$d+4 ,on ! arrival (         
travell]s or visit]s1 ! b$ clo?+ is %>$ 
) !m1 be+ spread on ! pun*eon floor t ! 
feet may project t[>ds ! fire4 ,_m a    
night has ! writ] pass$ 9 ?is mann]1    
aft] a fatigu+ day's ride1 & repos$ m   
com=tably ?an on a b$ ( d[n 9 a spaci\s 
mansion4 ,all ! family ( bo? sexes1 )   
all ! /rang]s :o arrive1 (t5 lodge 9 !  
same room4 ,9 t case ! "u g>m5ts are    
nev] tak5 (f1 & no consci\sness (       
impropriety or indelicacy ( feel+ is    
manife/$4 ,a few p9s /uck 9 ! wall ( !  
cab9 display ! dresses ( ! wom5 & !     
hunt+ %irts ( ! m54 ,two small =ks or   
bucks-horns fa/5$ to a joi/ are         
indisp5sable articles = ! support ( !   
rifle4 ,a loose floor ( clapbo>ds1 &    
support$ by r\nd poles1 is ?r[n ov] head
 = a l(t :i* furni%es a place to ?r[ any
 articles n imm$iately want$1 & is      
frequ5tly us$ = a lodg+ place = ! y\ng] 
bran*es ( ! family4 ,a ladd] plant$ 9 ! 
corn] beh9d ! door answ]s ! purpose (   

/airs4  ,! necess>y table & kit*5       
furniture are a few pewt] di%es &       
spoons1 knives & =ks1 7= :i* h[ev]1 !   
common hunt+ knife is (t5 a sub/itute17 
t9 cups = c(fee or milk1 a wat] pail & a
 small g\rd or calaba% = wat]1 ) a pot &
 iron ,dut* ov51 con/itute ! *ief       
articles4 ,add to ^! a tray = wett+ up  
meal = corn bread1 a c(fee pot & set (  
cups & sauc]s1 a set ( common plates1 & 
! cab9 is furni%$4 ,! hom9y mort> & h&  
mill are 9 use 9 all fronti] settlem5ts4
 ,! fir/ consi/s ( a block ( wood ) an  
excavation burn$ at "o end & scrap$ out 
) an iron tool1 wide at top & n>r[ at ! 
bottom t ! action ( ! pe/le may op]ate  
to ! be/ advantage4 ,sometimes a /ump ( 
a l>ge tree is excavat$ :ile 9 its      
natural position4 ,an ela/ic pole1 #bj  
or #cj feet 9 l5g?1 ) ! l>ge end fa/5$  
"u ! gr\nd log ( ! cab91 & ! o!r elevat$
 #aj or #ae feet & support$ by two =ks1 
to :i* a pe/le #e or #f in*es 9 diamet] 
& #h or #aj feet long is fix$ on !      
elevat$ end by a l>ge mortice1 & a p9   

put ?r\gh its l[] end s t two p]sons c  
"w x 9 conjunction4 ,?is is mu* us$ =   
p\nd+ corn4 ,a v simple in/rum5t to     
answ] ! same purpose1 is a circul> piece
 ( t91 p]=at$1 & atta*$ to a piece (    
wood l a grat]1 on :i* ! e>s ( corn are 
rubb$ = meal4 ,! h& mill is 9 ! same =m 
z t us$ 9 ,judea 9 ! "t ( our ,savior4  
,two circul> /ones1 ab\t #ah in*es 9    
diamet] con/ruct$ l ord9>y mill /ones1 )
 a /aff let into ! runn] or upp] /one   
ne> its out] edge1 ) ! upp] end ins]t$ 9
 a joi/ or bo>d ov] head1 & turn$ by !  
h&s ( two p]sons :ile "o fe$s x ) corn4 
,horse mills foll[ ! mort> & h& mill 9 !
 scale ( improvem5t4 ,!y are con/ruct$  
v>i\sly4 ,a h& mill is ! mo/ simple4 ,a 
l>ge upright po/ is plac$ on a gudgeon1 
) %afts ext5d+ horizontally #ae or #bj  
feet4 ,ar\nd ! ends ( ^! is a b& ( raw  
hide twi/$1 :i* passes ar\nd ! trundle  
head & turns ! sp9dle & communicates    
motion to ! /one4 ,a cog mill is =m$ by 
con/ruct+ a rim ) cogs ^u ! %afts1 & a  
trundle head to correspond4 ,ea* p]son  

furni%es 8 own horses to turn ! mill1   
p]=ms 8 own gr9d+1 & pays toll to ! own]
 = use ( ! mill4 ,mills ) ! :eel on an  
incl9$ plane1 & c>ri$ by ox5 /&+ on !   
:eel1 are mu* 9 use 9 ^? sections :]e   
wat] p[] is n conv5i5t1 b ^! indicate an
 advance to ! second grade ( society4   
,in/ead ( bolt+ clo?s1 ! fronti] p use a
 sieve or z call$ "h1 a se>*4 ,?is is   
made f a de] sk9 prep>$ to resemble     
p>*m5t1 /ret*$ on a hoop & p]=at$ full (
 holes ) a hot wire4  ,e backwoodsman   
c>ries on all occasions1 ! means (      
furni%+ 8 meat4 ,! rifle1 bullet p\* &  
horn1 hunt+ knife1 horse & dog are 8    
con/ant companions :5 f home1 & woe be  
to ! wolf1 be>1 de] or turkey t comes )9
 "o hundr$ & fifty y>ds ( 8 trail4  ,) !
 fir/ emigration !re are few me*anics2  
h5ce e settl] becomes exp]t 9 supply+ 8 
own necess>ies4 ,besides cle>+ l&1      
build+ cab9s1 & mak+ f5ces1 he /ocks 8  
own pl\gh1 repairs 8 wagon & 8 h>ness1  
tans 8 own lea!r1 makes 8 %oes1 tables1 
b$/eads1 /ools or seats1 trays & a      

hundr$ o!r articles4 ,^! may be rudely  
con/ruct$1 b !y answ] 8 purpose v well4 
,! foll[+ extracts f ! graphic ,,sket*es
 ,,( ,,! ,,we/1 by ,james ,hall1 ,esq4  
completes ?is ext5d$ picture ( backwoods
 mann]s4  ,! travell]1 accu/om$ to      
diff]5t modes ( life1 is /ruck ) ! rude 
& uncom=table appe>ance ( e ?+ ab\t ?is 
p1--! rud5ess ( _! habitations1 !       
c>elessness ( _! agriculture1 !         
unsightly co>s5ess ( all _! implem5ts & 
furniture1 ! unambiti\s homel9ess ( all 
_! goods & *attels1 except ! axe1 !     
rifle1 & ! horse--^! be+ inv>iably ! be/
 & h&some/ :i* _! means enable !m to    
procure4 ,b he is mi/ak5 9 suppos+ !m   
indol5t or improvid5t2 & is little aw>e 
h[ mu* +5uity & toil h be5 ex]t$ 9      
procur+ ! few com=ts :i* !y possess1 9 a
 c\ntry )\t arts1 me*anics1 money1 or   
comm]cial int]c\rse4  ,! backwoodsman   
has _m sub/antial enjoym5ts4 ,aft] !    
fatigue ( 8 j\rney1 & a %ort season (   
privation & dang]1 he f9ds himself      
surr\nd$ ) pl5ty4 ,8 cattle1 hogs1 &    

p\ltry1 supply 8 table ) meat2 ! =e/    
ab\nds 9 game2 ! f]tile soil yields     
abundant crops2 he has1 ( c\rse1 bread1 
milk1 & butt]2 ! riv]s furni% fi%1 & !  
woods honey4 ,= ^! v>i\s articles1 !re  
is1 at fir/1 no m>ket1 & ! f>m] acquires
 ! g5]\s habit ( spread+ !m pr(usely on 
8 table1 & giv+ !m freely to a hungry   
travell] & an indig5t neighbor4         
,hospitality & k9dness are among !      
virtues ( ! fir/ settl]s4 ,expos$ to    
common dang]s & toils1 !y become unit$  
by ! close/ ties ( social int]c\rse4    
,accu/om$ to arm 9 ea* o!r's def5ce1 to 
aid 9 ea* o!r's labor1 to assi/ 9 !     
affectionate duty ( nurs+ ! sick1 & !   
m\rnful (fice ( bury+ ! dead1 ! be/     
affections ( ! he>t are kept 9 con/ant  
ex]cise2 & !re is1 p]haps1 no class ( m5
 9 our c\ntry1 :o obey ! calls (        
b5evol5ce1 ) su* *e]ful promptness1 or )
 s lib]al a sacrifice ( p]sonal         
conv5i5ce4  ,we read m>vell\s /ories ( !
 f]ocity ( we/]n m54 ,! "n ( ,k5tuckian 
is con/antly associat$ ) ! idea (       

fight+1 dirk+1 & g\g+4 ,! p ( :om we are
 n[ writ+ d n des]ve ?is "*4 ,!y live   
toge!r 9 great h>mony1 ) little         
cont5tion & less litigation4 ,!         
backwoodsm5 are a g5]\s & placable race4
 ,!y are bold & impetu\s2 & :5 diff]5ces
 d arise among !m1 !y are m apt to give 
v5t to _! res5tm5t at once1 ?an to brood
 ov] _! wrongs1 or to seek legal r$ress4
 ,b ?is conduct is productive ( h>mony2 
= m5 are always m gu>d$ 9 _! deportm5t  
to ea* o!r1 & m cauti\s ( giv+ (f5ce1 :5
 !y "k t ! insult w be quickly felt1 &  
in/antly res5t$1 ?an :5 ! consequ5ces ( 
an (f5sive action are d\btful1 & !      
retaliation di/ant4 ,we h no evid5ce t !
 pione]s ( ,k5tucky 7 qu>relsome or     
cruel2 & an intimate acqua9tance ) !    
same race1 at a lat] p]iod1 has l$ !    
writ] to ! conclusion1 t !y are a humane
 p2 bold & d>+1 :5 oppos$ to an enemy1 b
 amiable 9 _! int]c\rse ) ea* o!r & )   
/rang]s1 & habitually incl9$ to peace4  
,9 morals & ! ess5tial pr9ciples (      
religion1 ?is class ( p are by no means 

s defective z _m imag9e4 ,! writ] has   
repeat$ly be5 9 settlem5ts & di/ricts   
beyond ! pale ( civil & crim9al law1 :]e
 ! p are a law unto !mselves1 :]e c\rts1
 lawy]s1 %]iffs1 & con/ables exi/$ n1 & 
yet has se5 z mu* quiet & ord]1 & m     
hone/y 9 pay+ j debts1 ?an :]e legal    
re/ra9ts op]at$ 9 all _! =ce4 ,!        
turpitude ( vice & ! maje/y ( virtue1 7 
z app>5t z 9 old] settlem5ts4 ,indu/ry1 
9 labor+ or hunt+1 brav]y 9 w>1 c&or1   
hone/y1 & hospitality 7 rew>d$ ) !      
confid5ce & honor ( ! p4 ,regulat+      
p>ties w\ld exi/1 & ?ieves1 rogues &    
c\nt]feit]s 7 sure to receive a /rip$   
,jacket work$ n9ete5 to ! doz51 & by ?is
 mode ( op]ation1 induc$ to cle> out2 b 
tru?1 uprightness1 hone/y & s9c]ity are 
always respect$4 ,_m ( ! fronti] class  
are illit]ate1 b !y are by no means     
ignorant4 ,!y are a %rewd1 obs]v+1 ?9k+ 
p4 ,!y may n h le>n$ ! black m>ks 9     
books1 b !y h /udi$ m5 & ?+s1 & h a     
quick insight into human nature4 ,!y are
 n inatt5tive to religion1 ?\gh _!      

opportunities ( religi\s in/ruction are 
few1 comp>$ ) old c\ntries4 ,!y h       
prejudices & fe>s ab\t _m ( ! organiz$  
b5evol5t societies ( ! pres5t age1 yet  
!re are no p m readily dispos$ to att5d 
religi\s meet+s1 & ^: he>ts are m       
readily affect$ ) ! gospel ?an !        
backwoods p2 & z l>ge a proportion are  
ord]ly pr(essors ( religion z 9 any "p (
 ! ,union4 ,m9i/]s ( ! gospel &         
,mission>ies1 :o c suit !mselves to !   
circum/ances & habits ( fronti] p1--:o l
 ,paul1 c become all ?+s to all m51--f9d
 pleasant & int]e/+ fields ( labor on   
all our fronti]s4 ,b let su* p]sons %[  
fa/idi\sness1 affect sup]ior intellig5ce
 & virtue1 cate*ise ! p = _! pla9ness & 
simplicity ( mann]s1 & draw invidi\s    
comp>isons1 & !y are sure to be us$ up1 
or left )\t he>]s1 to deplore ! d>k     
cl\ds ( ignorance & prejudice 9 ! we/4  
,hunt]s & ,trapp]s4 ,entirely beyond !  
b\nd>ies ( civilization are _m hundr$s (
 a unique class1 di/+ui%$ by ! t]ms     
,hunt]s & ,trapp]s4 ,!y are engag$ 9    

hunt+ buffalo & o!r wild game1 & trapp+ 
= beav]4 ,!y are f\nd ^u ! va/ prairies 
( ! ,we/ & ,nor?we/1--9 all ! defiles & 
along ! /reams ( ! ,rocky m\nta9s1 & 9  
v>i\s p>ts ( ! ,oregon ,t]ritory1 to !  
p59sula ( ,cali=nia4 ,!y are an         
ent]pris+ & erratic race f almo/ e /ate1
 & are usually 9 ! employ ( p]sons (    
capital & ent]prise1 & :o are conc]n$ 9 
! fur & peltry bus9ess4 ,exp$itions =   
"o1 two1 or ?ree ye>s1 are fitt$ out f  
,/4 ,l\is1 or "s comm]cial po9t1 consi/+
 ( companies1 :o asc5d ! riv]s to !     
regions ( fur4 ,! hunt]s & trapp]s1     
receive a proportion ( ! pr(its ( !     
exp$ition4 ,"s become s enamor$ ) ?is   
w&]+ & expos$ life z to lose all desire 
( return+ to ! abodes ( civilization1 & 
rema9 = ! re/ ( _! lives 9 ! ,am]ican   
des]ts4 ,!re are individuals1 :o are    
graduates ( colleges1 & :o once /ood    
high 9 ! circles ( ref9em5t & ta/e1 t h 
pass$ m ?an tw5ty ye>s among/ ! roam+   
tribes ( ! ,rocky m\nta9s1 or on ! we/]n
 slope1 till !y h app>5tly lo/ all      

feel+s t[>ds civiliz$ life4 ,!y h af=d$ 
an int]e/+ b melan*oly example ( !      
t5d5cies ( human nature t[>ds ! degrad$ 
/ate ( savages4 ,! improvem5t ( !       
species is a sl[ & labori\s process1--! 
det]ioration is rapid1 & requires only  
to be dive/$ ( re/ra9t1 & left to its   
own unaid$ t5d5cies4 ,_m o!rs h return$ 
to ! habits ( civilization1 & "s )      
=tunes made f ! woods & prairies4       
,boatm54 ,^! are ! fre% wat] sailors ( !
 ,we/1 ) mu* ( ! light he>t$1 reckless  
"* ( ! sons ( ! ,ocean1 includ+ peculi> 
%ades ( _! own4 ,be=e ! introduction (  
,/eamboats on ! we/]n wat]s1 its imm5se 
comm]ce 0 c>ri$ on by means ( keel      
boats1 & b>ges4 ,! =m] is mu* 9 ! %ape (
 a canal boat1 long1 slim-built1 %>p at 
ea* end1 & propell$ by sett+ poles & !  
cordelle or long rope4 ,! b>ge is long]1
 & has a b[ & /]n4 ,bo? are calculat$ to
 asc5d /reams b by a v sl[ process4 ,ea*
 boat w\ld require f t5 to ?irty h&s1   
accord+ to its size4 ,a numb] ( ^! boats
 frequ5tly sail$ 9 company4 ,! boatm5 7 

prov]bially lawless at e t[n & l&+1 &   
indulg$ )\t re/ra9t 9 e species (       
dissipation1 debau*]y & excess4 ,b ?is  
race has become re=m$1 or ne>ly         
ext9ct2--yes1 re=m$ by ! mighty p[] (   
/eam4 ,a /eamboat1 ) half ! crew ( a    
b>ge or keel1 w c>ry t5 times ! burd51 &
 p]=m six or eight trips 9 ! "t x took a
 keel boat to make "o voyage4 ,?\s&s (  
flat boats1 or broad horns1 z !y are    
call$1 pass d[n ! riv]s ) ! produce ( ! 
c\ntry1 :i* are manag$ by ! f>m]s ( !   
,we/1 b nev] return up /ream4 ,!y are   
sold = lumb]1 & ! own]s1 aft] dispos+ ( 
! c>go1 return by /eam4 ,! numb] (      
boatm5 on ! we/]n wat]s is n only       
greatly r$uc$1 b ^? t rema9 are fa/ los+
 _! orig9al "*4     ,,*apt] ,v4         
,,public ,,l&s4  ,sy/em (               
,surveys4--,m]idian & ,base             
,l9es4--,t[n%ips4--,diagram ( a t[n%ip  
survey$ into ,sections4--,l& ,di/ricts &
 ,(fices4 --,pre-emption                
rights4--,milit>y ,b\nty                
,l&s4--,taxes4--,valuable ,tracts (     

c\ntry unsettl$4   ,9 all ! new /ates & 
t]ritories1 ! l&s :i* are own$ by !     
g5]al gov]nm5t1 are survey$ & sold "u "o
 g5]al sy/em4 ,sev]al (fices1 ea* "u !  
direction ( a surveyor g5]al1 h be5     
e/abli%$ by acts ( ,congress1 &         
di/ricts1 embrac+ "o or m /ates1 assign$
 !m4 ,! (fice = ! surveys ( all public  
l&s 9 ,ohio1 ,indiana1 ,mi*igan1 & !    
,wiscons9 c\ntry is locat$ at ,c9c9nati4
 ,! "o includ+ ! /ates ( ,ill9ois &     
,miss\ri1 & ! t]ritory ( ,arkansas is at
 ,/4 ,l\is4 ,deputy surveyors are       
employ$ to d ! "w at a /ipulat$ rate p] 
mile1 g5]ally f ?ree to f\r doll>s1 :o  
employ *a9 be>]s1 an axe1 & flag man1 & 
a camp-keep]4 ,!y are expos$ to great   
fatigue & h>d%ip1 sp5d+ two or ?ree     
mon?s at a "t 9 ! woods & prairies1 )   
slight1 moveable camps = %elt]4  ,9 !   
surveys1 m]idian l9es are fir/ e/abli%$1
 runn+ nor? f ! m\? ( "s not$ riv]4 ,^! 
are int]sect$ ) base l9es4  ,!re are    
five pr9cipal m]idians 9 ! l& surveys 9 
! we/4  ,! ,fir/ ,pr9cipal ,m]idian is a

 l9e due nor? f ! m\? ( ! ,miami4  ,!   
,second ,pr9cipal ,m]idian is a l9e due 
nor? f ! m\? ( ,little ,blue riv]1 9    
,indiana4  ,! ,?ird ,pr9cipal ,m]idian  
is a l9e due nor? f ! m\? ( ! ,ohio4  ,!
 ,f\r? ,pr9cipal ,m]idian is a l9e due  
nor? f ! m\? ( ! ,ill9ois4  ,! ,fif?    
,pr9cipal ,m]idian is a l9e due nor? f !
 m\? ( ! ,arkansas4 ,ano!r ,m]idian is  
us$ = ,mi*igan1 :i* passes ?r\gh !      
c5tral "p ( ! /ate4 ,its base l9e ext5ds
 f ab\t ! middle ( lake ,/4 ,clair1     
across ! /ate we/ to lake ,mi*igan4 ,ea*
 ( ^! m]idians has its own base l9e4  ,!
 surveys connect$ ) ! ?ird & f\r?       
m]idians1 & a small portion ( ! second1 
embrace ! /ate ( ,ill9ois4  ,! base l9e 
= bo? ! second & ?ird pr9cipal m]idians 
comm5ces at ,diamond ,isl&1 9 ,ohio1    
opposite ,indiana1 & runs due we/ till x
 /rikes ! ,mississippi1 a few miles bel[
 ,/4 ,l\is4  ,all ! t[n%ips 9 ,ill9ois1 
s\? & ea/ ( ! ,ill9ois riv]1 are numb]$ 
f ?is base l9e ei!r nor? or s\?4  ,!    
?ird pr9cipal m]idian t]m9ates ) !      

nor!rn b\nd>y ( ! /ate4  ,! f\r?        
pr9cipal m]idian comm5ces 9 9 ! c5tre ( 
! *annel1 & at ! m\? ( ! ,ill9ois riv]1 
b imm$iately crosses to ! ea/ %ore1 &   
passes up on t side1 7& at "o place     
ne>ly f\rte5 miles di/ant7 to a po9t 9 !
 *annel ( ! riv]1 sev5ty-two miles f its
 m\?4 ,"h its base l9e comm5ces & ext5ds
 across ! p59sula to ! ,mississippi1 a  
%ort di/ance above ,qu9cy4 ,! f\r?      
pr9cipal m]idian is cont9u$ nor?w>d     
?r\gh ! milit>y tract1 & across ,rock   
riv]1 to a curve 9 ! ,mississippi at !  
upp] rapids1 9 t[n%ip eighte5 nor?1 &   
ab\t twelve or fifte5 miles above ,rock 
,isl&4 ,x "h crosses & passes up ! we/  
side ( ! ,mississippi riv] fifty-?ree   
miles1 & recrosses into ,ill9ois1 &     
passes ?r\gh ! t[n ( ,gal5a to ! nor!rn 
b\nd>y ( ! /ate4 ,x is !nce cont9u$ to !
 ,wiscons9 riv] & made ! pr9cipal       
m]idian = ! surveys ( ! t]ritory1 :ile !
 nor!rn b\nd>y l9e ( ! /ate is con/itut$
 its base l9e = t region4  ,hav+ =m$ a  
pr9cipal m]idian ) its correspond+ base 

l9e1 = a di/rict ( c\ntry1 ! next       
op]ation ( ! surveyor is to divide ?is  
into tracts ( six miles squ>e1 call$    
t[n%ips4  ,9 numb]+ ! t[n%ips ea/ or we/
 f a pr9cipal m]idian1 !y are call$     
ranges1 mean+ a range ( t[n%ips2 b 9    
numb]+ nor? or s\? f a base l9e1 !y are 
call$ t[n%ips4 ,?us a tract ( l& is said
 to be situat$ 9 t[n%ip f\r nor? 9 range
 ?ree ea/1 f ! ?ird pr9cipal m]idian2 or
 z ! case may be4  ,t[n%ips are         
subdivid$ into squ>e miles1 or tracts ( 
#fdj acres ea*1 call$ sections4 ,if ne> 
timb]1 trees are m>k$ & numb]$ ) !      
section1 t[n%ip1 & range1 ne> ea*       
sectional corn]4 ,if 9 a l>ge prairie1 a
 m\nd is rais$ to designate ! corn]1 & a
 billet ( *>r$ wood buri$1 if no rock is
 ne>4 ,sections are divid$ into halves  
by a l9e nor? & s\?1 & into qu>t]s by a 
transv]se l9e4 ,9 sales "u c]ta9        
conditions1 qu>t]s are sold 9 equal     
subdivisions ( =ty acres ea*1 at "o     
doll> & tw5ty-five c5ts p] acre4 ,any   
p]son1 :e!r a native born citiz51 or a  

=eign]1 may pur*ase =ty acres ( ! ri*e/ 
soil1 & receive an indisputable title1 =
 fifty doll>s4  ,ranges are t[n%ips     
c\nt$ ei!r ea/ or we/ f m]idians4       
,t[n%ips are c\nt$ ei!r nor? or s\? f _!
 respective base l9es4  ,fractions1 are 
p>ts ( qu>t] sections int]sect$ by      
/reams or confirm$ claims4  ,! p>ts (   
t[n%ips1 sections1 qu>t]s1 c4 made at ! 
l9es ( ei!r t[n%ips or m]idians are     
call$ excesses or defici5cies4          
,sections1 or miles squ>e are numb]$1   
beg9n+ 9 ! nor!a/ corn] ( ! t[n%ip1     
progressively we/ to ! range l9e1 & !n  
progressively ea/ to ! range l9e1       
alt]nately1 t]m9at+ at ! s\!a/ corn] ( !
 t[n%ip1 f "o to ?irty-six1 z 9 ! foll[+
 diagram3                               
------------------------------------    
#f     #e     #d     #c     #b     #a   
------------------------------------    
#g     #h     #i    #aj    #aa    #ab   
------------------------------------    
#ah    #ag   #af;,a  #ae    #ad    #ac  
------------------------------------    

#ai    #bj    #ba    #bb    #bc    #bd  
------------------------------------    
#cj    #bi    #bh    #bg    #bf    #be  
------------------------------------    
#ca    #cb    #cc    #cd    #ce    #cf  
------------------------------------  ,a
 ,appropriat$ = s*ools 9 ! t[n%ip4  ,i h
 be5 ?us p>ticul> 9 ?is acc\nt ( !      
surveys ( public l&s1 to exhibit !      
simplicity ( a sy/em1 t to /rang]s1     
unacqua9t$ ) ! me?od ( numb]+ !         
sections1 & ! v>i\s subdivisions1 appe>s
 p]plex+ & confus$4  ,all ! l&s (       
,congress own$ 9 ,ohio h be5 survey$1 & 
) ! exceptions ( "s ,indian res]vations1
 h be5 br\ght into m>ket4 ,9 ,indiana1  
all ! l&s pur*as$ ( ! ,indians h be5    
survey$1 & ) ! exception ( ab\t n9ety   
t[n%ips & fractional t[n%ips1 h be5 (f]$
 = sale4 ,^!1 am\nt+ to ab\t two        
millions ( acres1 w be (f]$ = sale !    
pres5t ye>4 ,9 ,mi*igan1 ne>ly all ! c$$
 l&s h be5 survey$ & br\ght into m>ket4 
,! unsurvey$ portion is situat$ 9 !     
neighborhood ( ,sag9aw bay2 a "p ( :i*  

may be ready = m>ket )9 ! curr5t ye>4   
,9 ! ,wiscons9 ,t]ritory1 we/ ( lake    
,mi*igan1 all ! l&s 9 ! ,wiscons9       
di/rict1 :i* lies betwe5 ! /ate (       
,ill9ois & ! ,wiscons9 riv]1 h be5      
survey$2 & 9 addition to ! l&s already  
(f]$ = sale 9 ! ,gre5 ,bay di/rict1 ab\t
 #fe t[n%ips1 & fractional t[n%ips1 h   
be5 survey$ & are ready = m>ket4 ,!     
surveys ( ! :ole c\ntry we/ ( lake      
,mi*igan & s\? ( ! ,wiscons9 riv]1 9    
,ill9ois & ,wiscons9 t]ritory1 w soon be
 survey$ & 9 m>ket4 ,"h are _m millions 
( ! f9e/ l&s on e>?1 ly+ along ! ,des   
,ple9es1 ,fox1 & ,rock riv]s1 & _!      
tribut>ies1 well wat]$1 ri* soil1 a     
heal?y atmosph]e1 & facilities to m>ket4
 ,a tempor>y sc>city ( timb] 9 "s p>ts (
 ?is region w ret>d settlem5ts1 = a "t2 
b ?is difficulty w be obviat$1 by !     
rapidity ) :i* prairie l& turns to a    
timb]$ region1 :]ev]1 by contigu\s      
settlem5ts1 ! wild grass becomes subdu$1
 & by ! discov]y ( coal b$s4 ,mu* ( x is
 a m9]al region4 ,9 ,ill9ois1 ! surveys 

are n[ complet$ 9 ! ,danville di/rict1 &
 9 ! s\!rn "p ( ! ,*icago di/rict4 ,!y  
are ne>ly complet$ along ,rock riv] & ! 
,mississippi4 ,! unsurvey$ portion is   
along ,fox riv]1 ,des ,ple9es & ! %ore (
 lake ,mi*igan1 9 ! nor?-ea/]n "p ( !   
/ate4 ,emigrants1 h[ev]1 d n wait =     
surveys & sales4 ,!y are settl+ ov] ?is 
f9e portion ( ! /ate1 9 anticipation (  
pur*ases4 ,9 ,miss\ri1 besides ! =m]    
surveys1 ! ext]ior l9es ( #ach t[n%ips1 
& ! subdivision into sections & qu>t]s1 
#cj t[n%ips 9 ! nor!rn "p ( ! /ate1 &   
contracts = runn+ ! ext]ior l9es ( #ahi 
t[n%ips on ! wat]s ( ! ,osage & ,gr&    
riv]s h be5 made4 ,a l>ge portion ( ?is 
/ate is n[ survey$ & 9 m>ket4 ,surveys  
are progress+ 9 ,arkansas1 & l>ge bodies
 ( l& are proclaim$ = sale 9 t di/rict4 
,i h no data be=e me t w enable me      
def9itely to %[ ! am\nt ( public l&s n[ 
rema9+ unsold1 9 ea* l& (fice di/rict4  
,9 ano!r place ,i h already giv5 an     
e/imate ( ! am\nt ( public l&s1 )9 !    
organiz$ /ates & t]ritories1 rema9+     

unsold1 comp>$ ) ! am\nt sold 9 pa/     
ye>s4  ,! foll[+ table exhibits ! numb] 
( acres sold 9 ! di/ricts embrac$ m     
imm$iately )9 ! range ( ?is ,guide1 =   
#ahcd1 & ! ?ree fir/ qu>t]s ( #ahce1 ) !
 names ( ea* di/rict 9 ea* /ate4 ,x is  
con/ruct$ f ! ,report ( ! ,commission] (
 ! ,g5]al ,l& ,(fice to ! ,treasury     
,dep>tm5t1 ,decemb] #e?1 #ahce4 ,! sales
 ( ! la/ qu>t] ( #ahce1 9 ,ill9ois1 &   
probably 9 ! o!r /ates1 greatly exce$$  
ei!r ! o!r qu>t]s1 & :i* w be exhibit$ 9
 ! annual report ( ! ,commission] 9     
,decemb]1 #ahcf4   ,/atem5t ( ! am\nt ( 
,public ,l&s1 sold at  ! sev]al ,l&     
,(fices 9 ,ohio1 ,indiana1  ,ill9ois1   
,mi*igan1 ,wiscons91 ,miss\ri1 &        
,arkansas1 9 #ahcd4                     
,acres &      ,,l& ,,(fices4            
hundr$?s                                
-----------------------------------     
,,ohio4   ,m>ietta       di/rict1       
#aa1iii4eb  ,zanesville         d       
#cc1hgg4bc  ,/eub5ville1      d         
#d1cdi4ai  ,*illico!1       d           

#ba1cji4cb  ,c9c9nati1        d         
#bg1cfi4eb  ,woo/]1           d         
#i1ddh4gg  ,wapaghkonetta      d        
#abe1dag4ac  ,bucyrus            d      
#bde1jgh4ef                             
----------  ,total = ! ,/ate1           
#dgh1hdg4bd   ,,indiana4                
,jeff]sonville di/rict4   #fg1hbf4aa    
,v9c5nes          d      #ef1gfe4hj     
,indianopolis       d     #bjd1ebf4fc   
,craw=dsville     d     #afa1dgg4hg  ,=t
 ,wayne         d      #if1cej4cj  ,la  
,porte           d      #hf1gji4gc      
----------  ,total = ! ,/ate1           
#fgc1fef4dd   ,,ill9ois4   ,%awneet[n   
di/rict4    #f1ijd4bd  ,kaskaskia       
d      #ae1aif4eb  ,edw>dsville       d 
#abd1cjb4ai  ,v&alia           d        
#bj1bjg4fa  ,pale/9e          d         
#bb1ace4fi  ,spr+field        d         
#ff1hjd4be  ,danville           d       
#fb1cca4ch  ,qu9cy             d        
#cf1aca4ei                              
----------  ,total = ! ,/ate1           
#ced1jac4dg   ,,mi*igan ,,t]ritory      

,detroit        di/rict4  #acf1daj4fi   
,monroe             d     #bcc1gfh4cj   
,:ite ,pigeon ,prairie    ,bronson      
d    #abh1bdd4dg                        
----------  ,total = ! ,t]ritory        
#dih1dbc4df   ,,wiscons9 ,,t]ritory4    
,m9]al ,po9t    di/4     #ad1ccf4fg     
,,miss\ri4   ,/4 ,l\is      di/rict4    
#dc1fcd4fh  ,fayette            d       
#ga1jdi4gd  ,palmyra            d       
#gf1bda4ce  ,jackson            d       
#ah1hhb4aa  ,lex+ton          d         
#dc1ihc4hj                              
----------  ,total = ! ,/ate1           
#bec1gia4gj   ,,arkansas ,,t]ritory4    
,batesville     di/rict4    #h1jea4ca   
,little ,rock        d      #be1gii4gd  
,wa%+ton         d      #fe1ade4hh      
,fayetteville       d      #bd1ead4id   
,hel5a             d      #bf1bdd4ei    
----------  ,total = ! ,t]ritory        
#adi1gef4df   ,/atem5t ( ! am\nt (      
,public ,l&s1 sold at  ! sev]al ,l&     
,(fices 9 ,ohio1 ,indiana1  ,ill9ois1   
,mi*igan1 ,wiscons91 ,miss\ri1 &        

,arkansas1 f ,janu>y #a/1 to ,septemb]  
#cj?1  #ahce1 includ+ n9e mon?s4        
,acres &      ,,l& ,,(fices4            
hundr$?s                                
----------------------------------      
,,ohio4   ,m>ietta        ,di/4         
#aa1jab4ih  ,zanesville       d         
#db1igh4cf  ,/eub5ville     d           
#c1fdi4bi  ,*illico!      d             
#ab1ehf4hg  ,c9c9nati       d           
#bj1aje4gf  ,woo/]          d           
#e1aeg4fh  ,wapaghkonetta  & ,lima1     
d     #ajc1jbj4bc  ,bucyrus          d  
#aed1gjf4fc                             
----------  ,total = ! ,/ate1           
#cec1bag4hj   ,,indiana4                
,jeff]sonville  ,di/4    #dd1fcd4ha     
,v9c5nes        d      #gj1ijc4fb       
,indianapolis     d     #aeh1ghf4fh     
,craw=dsville   d     #ajh1jee4bb  ,=t  
,wayne       d     #adh1hfd4bh  ,la     
,porte         d     #bbg1gjb4ce        
----------  ,total = ! ,/ate1           
#geh1idf4if   ,,ill9ois4   ,%awneet[n   
,di/4     #e1ged4jh  ,kaskaskia        d

      #ac1had4ch  ,edw>dsville     d    
#abc1fch4jg  ,v&alia         d          
#af1bec4df  ,pale/9e        d           
#ad1jhh4ja  ,spr+field      d           
#caf1iff4gj  ,danville         d        
#id1dia4ce  ,qu9cy           d          
,a#dj1bgd4eh  ,gal5a           d        
,b#bfb1aeb4gc  ,*icago          d       
#ccc1dje4gc                             
------------  ,total = ! ,/ate1         
#a1bbj1hch4gf   ,,mi*igan4   ,detroit   
,di/4   #bac1gfc4eg  ,br[nson         d 
#djj1gbb4dh  ,monroe           d        
#ddf1fca4fa                             
------------  ,total = ,mi*igan  prop]1 
#a1jfa1abg4ff   ,,wiscons94   ,m9]al    
,po9t    ,di/4   #fg1jeb4ee  ,gre5 ,bay 
d     #fh1cfe4ec                        
----------  ,total = ,wiscons9          
,t]ritory1             #ace1dah4jh      
,,miss\ri4   ,/4 ,l\is       ,di/4      
#cb1iad4eg  ,fayette          d         
#ee1hci4eh  ,palmyra          d         
#aja1jah4jj  ,jackson          d        
#bh1iie4ai  ,lex+ton        d           

#db1hja4de  ,spr+field      d           
#cbj4jj                                 
----------  ,total = ! ,/ate1           
#bfa1hhh4gi   ,,arkansas4   ,batesville 
,di/4       #b1jba4bb  ,little ,rock    
d        #bb1bia4ib  ,wa%+ton     d     
#dc1cfj4ha  ,fayetteville   d           
#h1gbc4gb  ,hel5a         d             
#cab1afi4ji                             
----------  ,total = ! ,t]ritory        
#chh1eff4gf   ,a ,returns only to ,may  
#ca/4   ,b ,returns only to ,july #ca/4 
,s9ce ^? p]iods1 sales at  ^! ,(fices h 
be5 imm5se  ,! read] w p]ceive t ! sales
 ( ! ?ree fir/ qu>t]s ( #ahce1 almo/    
d\bl$ ^? ( ! :ole ye> ( #ahcd4 ,!       
inquiry 0 (t5 made ( ! writ]1 :ile      
travell+ 9 ! ,atlantic /ates 9 ! summ] (
 #ahce1 :e!r !re 0 /ill opportunity =   
emigrants to pur*ase public l&s 9       
,indiana1 ,ill9ois1 c4 :]e l& (fices _h 
be5 op5$ = sale ( l&s _m ye>s4 ,he f\nd 
almo/ ev]y:]e1 wrong notions prevail+4  
,! p 7 n aw>e ( ! imm5se ext5t ( !      
public doma9 n[ 9 m>ket1 & ready to be  

sold at "o doll> & tw5ty-five c5ts p]   
acre1 & ev5 9 z small tracts z =ty      
acres4 ,take = example1 ! ,edw>dsville  
di/rict1 9 :i* ! writ] resides4 ,x      
ext5ds s\? to ! base l9e1 ea/ to ! ?ird 
pr9cipal m]idian1 nor? to ! l9e t       
sep>ates t[n%ips #ac & #ad nor?1 & we/  
to ! ,ill9ois & ,mississippi riv]s1 &   
embraces all ! c\nties ( ,madison1      
,cl9ton1 ,bond1 ,montgom]y1 ,mac\p]1 &  
,gre5e1 a ti] ( t[n%ips on ! s\? side ( 
,morgan & ,sangamon1 five & a half      
t[n%ips f ,fayette1 & ab\t half ( ,/4   
,clair c\nty4 ,! l&s = a "p ( ?is       
di/rict h be5 9 m>ket = #ah or #bj      
ye>s2--x conta9s "s ( ! olde/ ,am]ican  
settlem5ts 9 ! /ate1 & has also a numb] 
( conf9$ claims nev] (f]$ = sale4 ,& yet
 ! receiv] ( ?is (fice in=m$ me 9       
,novemb] la/1 t he _h j made returns (  
all ! l&s sold 9 ?is di/rict1 & !y      
am\nt$ to j "o ?ird ( ! :ole quantity4  
,e man1 !re=e1 may take x = grant$ t !re
 w be l& en\gh 9 m>ket 9 all ! new      
/ates1 = 8 use1 dur+ ! pres5t g5]ation4 

,^! are facts t %\ld be kn[n to all     
classes4 ,! mania ( l& speculation & (  
monopoli/s w\ld soon subside1 7 ^?      
conc]n$ to sit d[n coolly1 & aft]       
asc]ta9+ ! am\nt ( public l&s n[ 9      
m>ket1 ) ! va/ additional quantity t mu/
 soon come into m>ket1 use a few figures
 9 common ari?metic1 ) ! probable am\nt 
( emigration1 & asc]ta9 ! probable ext5t
 ( ! dem& = ?is article at any future   
p]iod4  ,! foll[+ in=mation is necess>y 
= ^? :o are n acqua9t$ ) our l& sy/em4  
,9 ea* l& (fice !re are a ,regi/] &     
,receiv]1 appo9t$ by ! ,presid5t &      
,s5ate = ! t]m ( f\r ye>s1 & paid by !  
gov]nm5t4  ,aft] be+ survey$1 ! l&1 by  
proclamation ( ! ,presid5t1 is (f]$ =   
sale at public auction by half qu>t]    
sections1 or tracts ( #hj acres4 ,if no 
"o bids = x at "o doll> & tw5ty-five    
c5ts p] acre1 or m1 x is subject to     
private entry at any "t aft]1 ^u paym5t 
( #a4be c5ts p] acre at ! "t ( entry4   
,no cr$it 9 any case is all[$4  ,9 _m   
cases1 ,congress1 by special /atute1 has

 grant$ to actual settl]s1 pre-emption  
rights1 :]e settlem5ts & improvem5ts h  
be5 made on public l&s previ\s to public
 sale4  ,pre-emption rights conf] !     
privilege only ( pur*as+ ! tract conta9+
 improvem5ts at "o doll> & tw5ty-five   
c5ts p] acre1 by ! possessor1 )\t ! risk
 ( a public sale4  ,9 ,ill9ois & sev]al 
o!r we/]n /ates1 all l&s pur*as$ ( !    
g5]al gov]nm5t1 are exempt$ f taxation =
 five ye>s aft] pur*ase4  ,milit>y      
,b\nty l&s4--,^! l&s 7 survey$ &        
appropriat$ z b\nties to ! soldi]s 9 !  
w> ) ,great ,brita9 9 #ahab-'ae1 to     
enc\rage enli/m5ts4 ,! selections 7 made
 9 ,ill9ois1 ,miss\ri1 & ,arkansas4 ,!  
,b\nty l&s ( ,ill9ois lie betwe5 !      
,ill9ois & ,mississippi riv]s1 9 !      
c\nties ( ,calh\n1 ,pike1 ,adams1       
,s*uyl]1 ,macdon\gh1 ,w>r51 ,m]c]1      
,knox1 ,h5ry1 ,fulton1 ,peoria1 &       
,putnam4 ,out ( five millions ( acres1  
#c1ejj1jjj 7 select$1 includ+ ab\t      
?ree-fif?s ( ?is tract4 ,! rema9d] is   
dispos$ ( 9 ! mann] ( o!r public l&s4 ,!

 disposition ( ?is f9e c\ntry = milit>y 
b\nties has mu* ret>d$ its settlem5t4 ,x
 0 a %ort-sight$ & mi/ak5 policy (      
gov]nm5t t dictat$ ?is measure4 ,mo/ ( !
 titles h long s9ce dep>t$ f ! soldi]s =
 ^: b5efit ! donations 7 made4 ,_m ?\s& 
qu>t] sections h be5 sold = taxes by !  
/ate1 h fall5 into ! h&s ( monopoli/s1 &
 are n[ pa/ r$emption4 ,! ,b\nty l&s 9  
,miss\ri1 lie on ! wat]s ( ,*>iton &    
,gr& riv]s1 nor? side ( ! ,miss\ri riv] 
& 9 ! c\nties ( ,*>iton1 ,r&olph1       
,c>roll1 & ,ray1 & include half a       
million ( acres4 ,! tract is g5]ally    
f]tile1 undulat+1 a mixture ( timb] &   
prairie1 b n z well wat]$ z desirable4  
,) ! b\nty l&s ( ,arkansas ,i am n well 
acqua9t$4 ,_! g5]al "* is good1 & "s    
tracts are ri* cotton l&s4              
,taxes4--,l&s b\ght ( ! ,u4 ,s4 gov]nm5t
 are exempt$ f taxation = five ye>s aft]
 sale4 ,all o!r l&s own$ by             
non-resid5ts1 equally ) ^? ( resid5ts1  
are subject to taxation annually1 ei!r =
 /ate1 or c\nty purposes1 or bo?4 ,!    

mode & am\nt v>ies 9 ea* /ate4 ,if n    
paid :5 due1 co/s are add$1 ! l&s sold1 
subject to r$emption )9 a limit$        
p]iod2--g5]ally two ye>s4 ,e non-resid5t
 l&hold] %\ld employ an ag5t )9 ! /ate  
:]e 8 l& lies1 to look aft] x & pay 8   
taxes1 if he w\ld n suff] ! loss ( 8 l&4
     ,,*apt] ,,vi4  ,,aborig9es4        
,conjecture respect+ _! =m] numb]s &    
condition4 ,pres5t numb] &              
/ate4--,indian ,t]ritory appropriat$ z  
_! p]man5t resid5ce4--,plan & op]ations 
( ! ,u4 ,s4 ,gov]nm5t4--,mission>y ef=ts
 & /ations4 ,monum5ts & ,antiquities4   
,! idea is ent]ta9$1 t ! ,valley ( !    
,mississippi1 0 once d5sely populat$ by 
aborig9es2--t "h 7 ext5sive nations1--t 
! bones ( _m millions lie m\ld]+ "u our 
feet4 ,x has become a common !ory1 t    
previ\s to ! settlem5t ( ! c\ntry by p (
 ,european desc5t1 !re 7 two successive 
races ( m51 q di/9ct f ea* o!r2--t !    
fir/ race1 by "s s+ul> fatality1 became 
ext]m9at$1 leav+ no tradition>y acc\nt (
 _! exi/5ce4 ,& ! second race1 !        

ance/ors ( ! exi/+ race ( ,indians1 are 
suppos$ to h be5 once1 f> m num]\s ?an !
 pres5t :ite population ( ! ,valley4    
,"s p>ts ( ,mexico & ,s\? ,am]ica1 7    
f\nd to be popul\s ^u ! fir/ visits ( ! 
,spani>ds2 b ,i d n f9d satisfactory    
evid5ce t population 0 ev] d5se1 9 any  
"p ( ! t]ritory t n[ con/itutes our     
,republic4 ,mr4 ,atwat] supposes1 f !   
m\nds 9 ,ohio1 ! ,indian population f>  
exce$$ #gjj1jjj1 at "o "t 9 t di/rict4  
,mr4 ,fl9t says1 ,if we c inf] no?+ else
 f ! m\nds1 we c cle>ly inf]1 t ?is     
c\ntry once _h its millions4 ,h5ce1 a   
pr9cipal argum5t assign$ = ! popul\sness
 ( ?is c\ntry is1 ! millions buri$ 9 ^! 
tumuli1 ! bones ( :i*1 9 a tol]able /ate
 ( pres]vation1 are suppos$ to be       
exhibit$ ^u excavation4 ,! writ] has    
witness$ ! op5+ ( _m ( ^! m\nds1 & has  
se5 ! fragm5ts ( an occasional skeleton1
 f\nd ne> ! surface4 ,)\t /opp+ "h to   
ent] ^u a disquisition on ! hypo!sis    
assum$1 t ^! m\nds1 z !y are t]m$1 are z
 mu* ! results ( natural causes1 z any  

o!r prom95ces on ! surface ( ! globe3 ,i
 w only rem>k1 t x is a fact well kn[n  
to fronti] m51 t ! ,indians h be5 9 !   
habit ( bury+ _! dead on ^! ridges &    
hillocks1 & t 9 our light1 spongy soil1 
! skeleton decays surpris+ly fa/4 ,?is  
is n ! place to exhibit ! necess>y data1
 t h l$ to ! conviction1 t n a human    
skeleton n[ exi/s 9 all ! we/]n ,valley1
 7except+ 9 nitr\s caves17 t 0 deposit$ 
9 ! e>? be=e ! discov]y ( ! ,new ,_w1 by
 ,columbus4  ,! op9ion t ?is ,valley 0  
once d5sely popul\s1 is su/a9$ f !      
suppos$ milit>y works1 di/ribut$ ?r\gh !
 ,we/4 ,?is subject1 z well z t ( m\nds1
 wants re-exam9ation4 ,probably1 half a 
doz5 enclosures1 9 a rude =m1 might h   
be5 us$ = milit>y def5ce4 ,!            
capabilities ( ! c\ntry to su/a9 a d5se 
population1 has be5 us$ to support !    
position1 t x mu/ h be5 once d5sely     
populat$4 ,?is argues no?+ )\t ve/iges (
 agriculture & ! arts4 ,) ! exception ( 
a few small pat*es1 ar\nd ! ,indian     
villages1 = corn & pulse1 ! :ole l& 0 an

 unbrok5 wild]ness4 ,/rang]s to !       
subject h imag9$ t our we/]n prairies   
mu/ once h be5 subdu$ by ! h& (         
cultivation1 because d5ud$ ( timb]4 ,^? 
:o h long liv$ on !m1 h ! evid5ces (    
obs]vation1 & _! s5ses1 to guide !m4 ,!y
 "k t ! e>? w n produce timb]1 :ile !   
surface is cov]$ ) a firm grassy sw>d1 &
 t timb] w spr+ up1 z soon z ?is        
ob/ruction is remov$4  ,to all ^!       
!ories1 ( ! =m] d5sity ( ! aborig9al    
population ( ! ,valley1 ,i oppose1 fir/1
 ! fact t b a scatt]$ & erratic         
population 0 f\nd "h1 on ! arrival ( !  
,europeans1--t ! p 7 rude savages1      
subsi/+ *iefly by hunt+1 & t no savage p
 ev] became popul\s1--t f "t immemorial1
 ! diff]5t tribes _h be5 cont9ually at  
w> ) ea* o!r1--t b a few ye>s be=e !    
,fr5* explor$ x1 ! ,iroquois1 or ,five  
nations1 conqu]$ all ! c\ntry to !      
,mississippi1 :i* !y c\ld n h done _h x 
be5 popul\s1 & t ,k5tucky1 "o ( ! f9e/  
portions ( ! ,valley1 0 n inhabit$ by   
any p1 b ! common hunt+ & fight+ gr\nds 

( bo? ! nor!rn & s\!rn ,indians1 & h5ce 
call$ by !m1 ,k5tuckee1 or ! ,bloody    
gr\nd4#g  ,t ! ,indian "* has           
det]iorat$1 & ! numb]s ( ea* tribe      
greatly less5$ by contact ) ,europeans &
 _! desc5dants1 is n que/ion$2 b _m ( ! 
descriptions ( ! com=ts & happ9ess (    
savage life & mann]s1 be=e _! c\ntry 0  
possess$ by ! latt]1 are ! exagg]at$ &  
gl[+ descriptions ( poetic fancy4       
,evid5ce en\gh c be _h to %[ t !y 7     
degrad$ & wret*$1 engag$ 9 petty        
ext]m9at+ w>s ) ea* o!r1 (t5 times 9 a  
/ate ( />vation1 & lead+ a rov+1 indol5t
 & mis]able exi/5ce4 ,_! gov]nm5t 0     
an>*y4--,prop]ly speak+1 civil gov]nm5t 
_h nev] exi/$ among/ !m4 ,!y _h no      
executive1 or judici>y p[]1 & _!        
legislation 0 ! result ( _! c\ncils held
 by ag$ & exp]i5c$ m54 ,x _h no /rong]  
claim ^u ! ob$i5ce ( ! p ?an advice4  ,9
 ,mexico1 civilization _h made progress1
 & !re 7 popul\s t[ns & cities1 &       
edifices = religi\s & o!r purposes4 ,) !
 exception ( "s v rude /ructures1 ! ru9s

 ( :i* yet rema91 & :i* ^u too slight   
gr\nds1 h be5 mi/ak5 = milit>y works1   
no?+ is left z m>ks ( ! ent]prise ( !   
feeble b&s ( ,indians ( ?is ,valley4 ,_!
 implem5ts1 ut5sils1 weapons ( w>1 &    
wat]-craft1 7 ( ! mo/ rude & simple     
con/ruction1 & yet prep>$ ) great labor4
 ,^? :o h writt5 ^u ,indian mann]s1 )\t 
p]sonal & long acqua9tance ) _!         
circum/ances1 h made extravagant        
blund]s4 ,! hi/orian ( ,am]ica1 ,dr4    
,rob]tson1 seems to suppose t ! ,indians
 cut d[n l>ge trees1 & dug out canoes ) 
/one hat*ets1--& t !y cle>$ ! timb] f _!
 small fields1 by ! same t$i\s process4 
,_! /one axes or hat*ets1 7 nev] us$ =  
cutt+1 b only = splitt+ & p\nd+4 ,!y    
burn$ d[n & holl[$ out trees by fire1 = 
canoes1 & nev] *opp$ (f ! timb]1 b only 
dead5$ x1 9 cle>+ l&4 ,! condition (    
deprav$ man1 unimprov$ by habits (      
civilization1 & unble/ ) ! influ5ces &  
consolations ( ! gospel1 is pitiable 9 !
 extreme4 ,su* 0 ! "* & condition ( !   
,r$ sk91 be=e 8 l& 0 visit$ by ! ,pale  

faces4 ,i h (t5 se5 ! aborig9al man 9   
all 8 primeval wildness1 :5 he fir/ came
 9 contact ) ! evils & b5efits (        
civilization1--h admir$ 8 noble =m &    
l(ty be>+1--li/5$ to 8 untutor$ & yet   
p[]ful eloqu5ce1 & yet h f\nd 9 him !   
same humbl+ & melan*oly pro(s ( 8       
wret*$ness & want1 z is f\nd 9 !        
remnants on our bord]s4  ,! introduction
 ( ard5t spirits1 & ( sev]al diseases1  
are ! evils furni%$ ! ,indian race1 by  
contact ) ! :ites1 :ile 9 o!r respects  
_! condition has be5 improv$4  ,f !     
second numb] ( ! ,annual ,regi/] (      
,indian ,affairs1 )9 ! ,indian 7or      
we/]n7 ,t]ritory1 j publi%$ by ! ,rev4  
,isaac ,mc,coy1 ! foll[+ p>ticul>s h be5
 *iefly glean$3  ,mr4 ,mc,coy has be5   
devot$ to ! "w ( ,indian re=m = almo/   
tw5ty ye>s1 fir/ 9 ,indiana1 !n 9       
,mi*igan1 & latt]ly 9 ! ,indian         
t]ritory1 we/ ( ,miss\ri & ,arkansas4   
,he is n only intimately acqua9t$ ) !   
peculi> circum/ances ( ?is un=tunate    
race1 & ) ! c\ntry select$ z _! future  

resid5ce by ! gov]nm5t1 b is ard5tly &  
labori\sly engag$ = _! welf>e4          
,,indian ,,t]ritory4  ,! ,indian        
t]ritory lies we/ & imm$iately adjac5t  
to ,miss\ri & ,arkansas4 ,x is ab\t #fjj
 miles long f nor? to s\?1 ext5d+ f !   
,miss\ri riv] to ! ,r$ riv]1 & runn+    
we/w>dly z f> z ! c\ntry is habitable1  
:i* is e/imat$ to be ab\t #bjj miles4 ,!
 almo/ de/itution ( timb]1 ) ext5sive   
des]ts1 r5d]s mo/ ( ! c\ntry f ?is      
t]ritory to ! ,rocky m\nta9s            
un9habitable4 ,! dreams indulg$ by _m1 t
 ! wave ( :ite population is to move    
onw>d )\t any resi/+ b>ri]1 till x      
rea*es ^! m\nta9s1 & ev5 ov]leap !m to !
 ,pacific ocean1 w nev] be realiz$4     
,provid5ce has ?r[n a des]t ( sev]al    
hundr$ miles 9 ext5t1 z an oppos+ b>ri]4
  ,z v contradictory acc\nts h gone     
abroad1 prejudicial to ! "* ( ! c\ntry  
select$ = ! ,indians1 x becomes necess>y
 to describe x ) "s p>ticul>ity4 ,!     
foll[+1 f ,mr4 ,mc,coy 7if x ne$$ any   
additional support to its correctness17 

is corroborat$ by ! /atem5ts ( _m       
dis9t]e/$ p]sons4  ,!re is a /rik+      
simil>ity betwe5 all p>ts ( ?is         
t]ritory4 ,9 its g5]al "*1 x is high &  
undulat+1 r level ?an hilly2 ?\gh small 
portions p>tly des]ve ! latt]           
appellation4 ,! soil is g5]ally v       
f]tile4 ,x is ?\ght t 9 no "p ( ! _w1 s 
ext5sive a region ( ri* soil has be5    
discov]$ z 9 ?is1 ( :i* ! ,indian       
t]ritory is a c5tral position4 ,x is    
wat]$ by num]\s riv]s1 creeks &         
rivulets4 ,its wat]s pass ?r\gh x       
ea/w>dly1 none ( :i* are favorable to   
navigation4 ,!re is less m>%y & /agnant 
wat] 9 x ?an is usual 9 ! we/]n c\ntry4 
,! atmosph]e is salubri\s1 & ! climate  
precisely su* z is desirable1 be+ ab\t !
 same z t inhabit$ by ! ,indians on !   
ea/ ( ! ,mississippi4 ,x conta9s mu*    
m9]al coal & salt wat]1 "s lead1 & "s   
iron ore4 ,timb] is too sc>ce1 & ?is is 
a s]i\s defect1 b "o :i* "t w rem$y1 z  
has be5 demon/rat$ by ! gr[? ( timb] 9  
prairie c\ntries :i* h be5 settl$1 :]e !

 graz+ ( /ock1 by dim9i%+ ! quantity (  
grass1 r5d]s ! annual fires less        
de/ructive to ! gr[? ( wood4 ,! prairie 
7i4 e41 l& de/itute ( wood7 is cov]$ )  
grass1 mu* ( :i* is ( suitable l5g? = ! 
scy!4  ,! ,*ocktaws1 ,creeks1 ,*]okees1 
,osages1 ,kanzaus & ,delaw>es1 are      
entitl$ to l&s we/w>d ( ?is t]ritory =  
hunt+ gr\nds2 "s to ! we/]n b\nd>y ( !  
,unit$ ,/ates1 o!rs to ! ,rocky m\nta9s4
  ,mr4 ,mc,coy e/imates ! numb] (       
inhabitants ( ?is t]ritory at #dg1gcc4  
,,indig5\s ,,tribes4   ,osage1 ab\t     
#e1eaj  ,kanzau1                        
#a1fhd  ,ottoe & ,miss\rias1            
#a1fjj  ,o',mahaus1                     
#a1djj  ,pawnees1 f\r tribes1           
#aj1jjj  ,puncahs1 ab\t                 
#hjj  ,quapaws1                         
#dej                                    
------                                  
#ba1ddd    ,,emigrant ,,tribes4         
,*ocktaw1 ab\t               #ae1jjj    
,*]okee1                     #d1jjj     
,creek1                        #c1fjj   

,s5eca1 ,%awanoe ( ,neo%o1      #dfb    
,wea1 ab\t                       #bbe   
,pianke%au1                      #aai   
,peoria & ,kaskaskias1           #ace   
,ottawa1                           #ha  
,%awanoe ( ,kanzau riv]1        #gfd    
,delaw>e1                        #hef   
,kickapoo1                        #fjc  
,putawatomie1                     #ddd  
------  ,emigrants1                     
#bf1bhi  ,indig5\s1                     
#ba1ddd                                 
------  ,total1                         
#dg1gcc  ,! e/imate ( ! ,*ocktaws       
include ab\t #djj negro slaves1--t ( !  
,*]okees #ejj1 & t ( ! ,creeks ab\t #dej
 slaves4  ,*ocktaws4 ,_! c\ntry adjo9s  
,r$ riv] & ! ,prov9ce ( ,texas on ! s\?1
 ,arkansas on ! ea/1 & ext5ds nor? to ! 
,arkansas & ,canadian riv]s1 be+ #aej   
miles f nor? to s\?1 & #bjj miles f ea/ 
to we/4 ,"h are num]\s salt spr+s4 ,=   
civil purposes1 _! c\ntry is divid$ into
 ?ree di/ricts4  ,*]okees4 ,! b\nd>ies (
 _! c\ntry comm5ces on ! ,arkansas riv]1

 opposite ! we/]n b\nd>y ( ,arkansas    
,t]ritory2--!nce nor?w>dly along ! l9e (
 ,miss\ri1 #h miles to ,s5eca           
riv]2--!nce we/ to ! ,neo%o riv]2--!nce 
up said riv] to ! ,osage l&s2--!nce we/ 
indef9itely1 z f> z habitable2--!nce s\?
 to ! ,creek l&s1 & along ! ea/]n l9e ( 
! ,creeks to a po9t #dc miles we/ ( !   
,t]ritory ( ,arkansas1 & #be miles nor? 
( ,arkansas riv]2--!nce to ! ,v]digris  
riv]1 & d[n ,arkansas riv]1 to ! m\? ( !
 ,neo%o2--!nce s\?w>dly to ! junction ( 
! ,nor? ,=k & ,canadian riv]s2--& !nce  
d[n ! ,canadian & ,arkansas riv]s to !  
place ( beg9n+4 ,! treaty ( #ahbh1      
secures to ?is tribe #g1jjj1jjj ( acres1
 & adds l& we/w>d = hunt+ gr\nds z f> z 
! ,u4 ,s4 b\nd>ies ext5d4  ,! ,creeks1  
or ,muscogees1 occupy ! c\ntry we/ (    
,arkansas t lies betwe5 ! l&s ( !       
,*ocktaws & ,*]okees4  ,! ,s5ecas jo9 ! 
,/ate ( ,miss\ri on ! ea/1 ) ! ,*]okees 
s\?1 ! ,neo%o riv] we/1 & possess       
#abg1ejj acres4  ,! ,osage 7a ,fr5*     
corruption ( ,wos-so%-ee1 _! prop] "n1  

:i* has aga9 be5 corrupt$ by ,d>by &    
o!rs into ,oz>k7 h _! c\ntry nor? ( !   
we/]n portion ( ! ,*]okee l&s1 comm5c+  
#be miles we/ ( ! ,/ate ( ,miss\ri1 ) a 
wid? ( #ej miles1 & ext5d+ indef9itely  
we/4 ,ab\t half ! tribe are 9 ! ,*]okee 
c\ntry4  ,! ,quapaws 7 orig9ally        
connect$ ) ! ,osages4 ,!y h migrat$ f ! 
l[] ,arkansas1 & h _! l&s adjo9+ ! ,/ate
 ( ,miss\ri1 imm$iately nor? ( !        
,s5ecas4  ,! ,putawatomies are on !     
nor?-ea/]n side ( ! ,miss\ri riv]1 b !y 
are n satisfi$1 & ! "q ( _! locality is 
n fully settl$4 #ddd ,putawatomies are  
m+l$ ) ! ,kickapoos1 on ! s\?-we/ side (
 ! ,miss\ri riv]4  ,! ,weas1            
,pianke%aws1 ,peorias & ,kaskaskias are 
remnants ( ! great we/]n conf$]acy1 (   
:i* ! ,miamies 7 ! mo/ prom95t bran*4   
,^! & o!r tribes con/itut$ ! ,ill9i1    
,oill9ois1 or ,ill9ois nation1 t once   
possess$ ! c\ntry n[ includ$ 9 ! great  
,/ates ( ,indiana1 ,ill9ois1 c4 ,_! l&s 
lie we/ ( ! ,/ate ( ,miss\ri1 & s\?-we/ 
( ! ,miss\ri riv]4  ,! ,delaw>es occupy 

a portion ( ! c\ntry 9 ! =ks ( ! ,kanzau
 riv]1 7or1 z writt5 by ! ,fr5*1        
,kansas47 ,!y are ! remnants ( ano!r    
great conf$]acy1 ! ,l5ni-,l5opi1 z      
d5om9at$ by !mselves4  ,! l&s ( !       
,kickapoos lie nor? ( ! ,delaw>es1 &    
along ! ,miss\ri1 includ+ #gfh1jjj      
acres4  ,! ,ottoes occupy a tract (     
c\ntry betwe5 ! ,miss\ri & ,platte      
riv]s1 b _! l& is said to ext5d s\? &   
bel[ ! ,platte4  ,! c\ntry ( !          
,o',mahaus has ! ,platte riv] on ! s\?1 
& ! ,miss\ri nor?-ea/4  ,! c\ntry ( !   
,pawnees lies to ! we/w>d ( ! ,ottoes & 
,o',mahaus4 ,! b\nd>ies are n def9$4  ,!
 ,puncahs are a small tribe t orig9at$ f
 ! ,pawnees1 & live 9 ! nor!rn extremity
 ( ! c\ntry spok5 ( z ! ,indian         
t]ritory4  ,pres5t ,condition4--,!      
,*ocktaws1 ,*]okees & ,creeks are m     
advanc$ 9 civiliz$ habits !n any o!r    
tribes4 ,!y h organiz$ local gov]nm5ts (
 _! own1 h enact$ "s :olesome laws1 live
 9 com=table h\ses1 raise horses1       
cattle1 %eep & sw9e1 cultivate ! gr\nd1 

h good f5ces1 dress l ,am]icans1 &      
manufacture mu* ( _! own clo?+4 ,!y h   
s*ools & religi\s privileges1 by        
mission>y ef=ts1 to a limit$ ext5t4 ,!  
,*]okees h a writt5 language1 p]fect 9  
its =m1 ! inv5tion ( ,mr4 ,guess1 a     
full-blood$ ,indian4 ,! ,s5ecas1        
,delaw>es1 & ,%awanoes1 also1 are       
p>tially civiliz$1 & live ) consid]able 
com=t f ! produce ( _! fields & /ock4 ,!
 ,putawatomies1 ,weas1 ,pianke%aws1     
,peorias1 ,kaskaskias1 ,ottawas1 &      
,kickapoos1 h p>tially adopt$ civiliz$  
cu/oms4 ,"s live 9 com=table log cab9s1 
f5ce & cultivate ! gr\nd1 & h a supply (
 /ock2 o!rs live 9 b>k huts1 & are      
wret*$4 ,! ,osages or ,wos-so%-ees1     
,quapaws1 ,kanzaus1 ,ottoes1 ,o',mahaus1
 ,pawnees & ,puncahs h made mu* less    
improvem5t 9 _! mode ( liv+4 ,a few h   
adopt$ civiliz$ habits1 & are ris+ 9 !  
scale ( social & individual com=ts1 b ! 
l>g] portion are yet ,indians4  ,mr4    
,mc,coy e/imates ! :ole numb] (         
aborig9es 9 ,nor? ,am]ica1 includ+ ^? ( 

,mexico1 at #a1hjj1jjj1 ( :i* #aj1jjj   
are s f> improv$ z to be class$ )       
civiliz$ m51 & among/ :om1 !re are z _m 
pi\s ,*ri/ians1 z among/ ! same am\nt ( 
population 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,9        
addition to ^!1 he e/imates t !re may be
 ab\t #fj1jjj m1 :i* may h made advances
 t[>d civilization1 "s m & "s less4  ,= 
"s ye>s pa/1 ! policy ( ! gov]nm5t ( !  
,unit$ ,/ates has be5 direct$ to !      
project ( remov+ all ! ,indians f !     
c\ntry organiz$ into ,/ates &           
,t]ritories1 & plac+ !m suffici5tly     
contigu\s to be easily gov]n$1 & yet    
remov$ f direct contact & future        
int]ruption f :ite population4 ,?is     
project 0 recomm5d$ 9 ! p]iod ( ,mr4    
,monroe's adm9i/ration1 0 fur!r consid]$
 & "s progress made "u t ( ,mr4 ,adams1 
b has be5 c>ri$ into m successful       
execution )9 ! la/ five ye>s4 ,x is mu* 
to be regrett$ t ?is project 0 n comm5c$
 e>li]4 ,! resid5ce ( small b&s (       
,indians1 ) _! own feeble & imp]fect    
gov]nm5t1 c>ri$ on )9 any organiz$ /ate 

or t]ritory1 is ru9\s4 ,^? :o argue t   
because ( ! removal ( ! ,indians f )9 ! 
jurisdiction ( ! /ates1 or an organiz$  
t]ritory1 !re=e !y w be driv5 back f !  
c\ntry 9 :i* x is n[ propos$ to place   
!m1 ev9ce b a v p>tial & imp]fect view (
 ! subject4 ,! pres5t op]ation (        
gov]nm5t is an exp]im5t1 & x is "o t    
ought to receive a fair & full trial4   
,if x does n succe$1 ,i "k n ( any      
gov]nm5tal regulation t c result1 )     
success1 to ! prosp]ity ( ! ,indians4 ,!
 project is to secure to ea* tribe1 by  
pat5t1 ! l&s allott$ !m1--to =m !m into 
a t]ritorial gov]nm5t1 ) "s features ( !
 repres5tative pr9ciple1--to h _! :ole  
c\ntry "u ! sup]vision ( our gov]nm5t1 z
 _! gu>dian1 = _! b5efit1--to all[ no   
:ite m5 to pass ! l9es & int]mix ) !    
,indians1 except ^? :o are lic5s$ by due
 au?ority1--to aid !m 9 adopt+ civiliz$ 
habits1 provide = !m s*ools & o!r means 
( improv+ _! condition1 &1 ?r\gh ! ag5cy
 ( mission>y societies1 to in/ruct !m 9 
! pr9ciples ( ! gospel ( ,*ri/4         

,mission>y ,ef=ts & ,/ations4--,^! are  
conduct$ by ! ,am]ican ,bo>d (          
,commission]s = ,=eign ,missions1--!    
,bapti/ ,bo>d ( ,f4 ,missions1--!       
,me?odi/ ,epis4 ,mission>y ,society1--! 
,we/]n ,=eign ,mission>y ,society1--& ! 
,cumb]l& ,presbyt]ians4 ,/ations h be5  
=m$1 & s*ools e/abli%$1 ) mo/ ( ^!      
tribes4 ,ab\t #b1ejj are memb]s (       
,*ri/ian *ur*es ( diff]5t d5om9ations4  
,! p>ticul>s ( ^! op]ations are to be   
f\nd 9 ! ,reports ( ! respective        
societies1 & ! v>i\s religi\s           
p]iodicals4  ,( o!r tribes )9 ! ,valley 
( ! ,mississippi1 & n yet )9 ! ,indian  
t]ritory1 ! foll[+ e/imate is           
suffici5tly ne> ! tru? = practical      
purposes4   ,indians f ,new ,york1 ab\t 
,gre5 ,bay         #gbe  ,wy&ots 9 ,ohio
 & ,mi*igan                  #fbc       
,miamies                                
#a1bjj  ,w9nebagoes                     
#d1eia  ,*ippeways1 or ,o',jibbeways    
#f1gic  ,ottawas & ,*ippeways ( lake    
,mi*igan      #e1cjj  ,*ippeways1       

,ottawas & ,putawatomies         #h1jjj 
,putawatomies                           
#a1djj  ,m5om9ees                       
#d1bjj  ,!y are all ea/ ( !             
,mississippi1 & *iefly f\nd on !        
res]vations 9 ,ohio1 ,indiana1 &        
,mi*igan1 & 9 ! c\ntry betwe5 !         
,wiscons9 riv] & lake ,sup]ior4 ,^?     
tribes we/ ( ! ,mississippi riv]1 &     
along ! region ( ! upp] ,miss\ri riv]1  
are z foll[s3   ,si\x                   
#bg1ejj  ,i[ays                         
#a1bjj  ,sauks ( ,miss\ri               
#ejj  ,sauks & ,foxes                   
#f1djj  ,ass9abo9es                     
#h1jjj  ,crees                          
#c1jjj  ,gros ,v5tres                   
#c1jjj  ,aurek>as                       
#c1jjj  ,*ey5nes                        
#b1jjj  ,m&ans                          
#a1ejj  ,black ,feet                    
#cj1jjj  ,caman*es                      
#g1jjj  ,m9at>ees                       
#a1ejj  ,cr[s                           
#d1ejj  ,arrepahas & ,kiawas            

#a1djj  ,caddoes                        
#hjj  ,snake & o!r tribes )9    ! ,rocky
 m\nta9s             #bj1jjj  ,we/ ( !  
,rocky m\nta9s       #hj1jjj  ,!        
,caman*es1 ,arrepahas1 ,kiawas &        
,caddoes roam ov] ! great pla9s t[>ds ! 
s\rces ( ! ,arkansas & ,r$ riv]s1 &     
?r\gh ! nor!rn p>ts ( ,texas4 ,! ,black 
,feet are t[>ds ! heads ( ! ,miss\ri4   
,monum5ts & ,antiquities4--,be=e        
dismiss+ ! subject ( ! aborig9es1 ,i    
%all t\* v briefly on ! monum5ts &      
antiquities ( ! we/1--) /rong           
convictions t !re has be5 mu*           
exagg]ation on ?is subject4 ,i h already
 intimat$ t ! m\nds ( ! we/ are natural 
=mations1 b ,i h n room = ! circum/ances
 & facts t g to su/a9 ?is !ory4 ,! numb]
 ( objects consid]$ z antiquities is    
greatly exagg]at$4 ,! imag9ations ( m5 h
 done mu*4 ,! numb] ( m\nds on !        
,am]ican bottom 9 ,ill9ois1 adjac5t to  
,cahokia creek1 is /at$ by ,mr4 ,fl9t at
 #bjj4 ,! writ] has c\nt$ all !         
elevations ( surface = ! ext5t ( n9e    

miles1 & !y am\nt to #gb4 ,"o ( ^!1     
,monk hill1 is mu* too l>ge1 & ?ree     
f\r?s ( ! re/ are q too small = human   
labor4 ,! pigmy graves on ! ,m]rimeek1  
,mo41 9 ,t5nessee1 & o!r places1 ^u     
clos] inspection1 h be5 f\nd to conta9  
decay$ skeletons ( ! ord9>y size1 b     
buri$ ) ! leg & ?igh bones 9 contact4 ,!
 giant skeletons sometimes f\nd1 are !  
bones ( buffalo4  ,x is mu* easi] =     
waggi% labor]s to deposit old horse %oes
 & o!r iron articles :]e !y are at "w1 =
 ! special pleasure ( digg+ !m up =     
cr$ul\s antiqu>ians1 ?an to f9d pro(s ( 
! exi/5ce ( ! horses t wore !m6  ,!re   
may1 or may n1 be monum5ts & antiquities
 t belong to a race ( m5 ( prior exi/5ce
 to ! pres5t race ( ,indians4 ,all t !  
writ] urges is1 t ?is subject may n be  
consid]$ z settl$2 t due all[ance may be
 made = ! extreme cr$ulity ( "s1 & !    
want ( p]sonal obs]vation & exam9ation (
 o!r writ]s on ?is subject4 ,gross      
errors h be5 committ$1 & exagg]ations ( 
v trivial circum/ances h be5 made4  ,!  

antiquities belong+ to ! ,indian race   
are nei!r num]\s or int]e/+1 unless we  
except ! rema9s ( rude edifices &       
enclosures1 ! walls ( :i* are almo/     
inv>iably embankm5ts ( e>?4 ,!y are rude
 axes & knives ( /one1 bottles & vessels
 ( pott]'s w>e1 arr[ & spe> heads1 rude 
ornam5ts1 c4  ,roman1 ,fr5*1 ,italian1  
,g]man & ,engli% co9s & m$als1 )        
inscriptions1 h be5 f\nd1--mo/          
unque/ionably br\ght by                 
,europeans1--probably by ! ,jesuits &   
o!r ord]s1 :o 7 among/ ! fir/ explor]s (
 ! we/1 & :o _h _! religi\s h\ses "h m  
?an a c5tury pa/4  ,copp] & silv]       
ornam5ts h be5 discov]$ 9 ! m\nds t h   
be5 op5$4 ,! calumet1 or l>ge /one pipe1
 is (t5 f\nd 9 ,indian graves4 ,two     
facts des]ve to be reg>d$ by ^? :o      
exam9e m\nds & ,indian cemet]ies4 ,fir/1
 t ! ,indians h be5 accu/om$ to bury _! 
dead 9 ^! m\nds4 ,secondly1 t !y 7      
accu/om$ to place v>i\s ornam5ts1       
ut5sils1 weapons1 & o!r articles (      
value1 ! prop]ty ( ! deceas$1 9 ^!      

graves1 especially if a *iefta91 or man 
( note4 ,a ?ird fact kn[n to our fronti]
 p1 is ! cu/om ( sev]al ,indian tribes  
wrapp+ _! dead 9 /rips ( b>k1 or encas+ 
!m ) ! halves ( a holl[ log1 & plac+ !m 
9 ! =ks ( trees4 ,?is 0 ! case          
specially1 :5 _! dea?s occurr$ :ile on  
hunt+ or w> p>ties4 ,at /at$ seasons ^! 
relics 7 collect$1 ) mu* solemnity1     
br\ght to ! common sepul*re ( ! tribe1 &
 deposit$ ) _! ance/ors4 ,?is acc\nts = 
! confus$ mann] 9 :i* ! bones are (t5   
f\nd 9 m\nds & ,indian gravey>ds4 ,human
 skeletons1 or r mummies1 h be5 discov]$
 9 ! nitr\s caves ( ,k5tucky4 ,! huge   
bones ( ! mammo? & o!r enorm\s animals1 
h be5 exhum$1 at ! ,bigbone licks 9     
,k5tucky & 9 o!r places4  ,,footnotes3  
#g ,see ,p[nal's ,adm9i/ration ( !      
,briti% ,colonies1--,cold5's ,hi/ory ( !
 ,five ,nations1--,new ,york ,hi/orical 
,collections1 vol4 ,,ii41--,*>levoix    
,hi/oire de la ,n\velle ,france1--,hon4 
,de ,witt ,cl9ton's ,disc\rse be=e ! ,n4
 ,y4 ,hi/orical ,society1               

#ahaa1--;,discov]y ( ! ,mississippi     
riv]1 by ,fa!r ,lewis ,h5nep91--,m4     
,tonti's ,acc\nt ( ,m4 ,de ,la ,salle's 
,exp$ition1--,la ,h>pe's ,j\rnal1 c4    
,,*apt] ,,vii4  ,,we/]n ,,p5nsylvania4  
,! portion ( ,p5nsylvania ly+ we/ ( !   
,alleghany ridge1 conta9s ! c\nties (   
,wa%+ton1 ,gre5e1 ,fayette1 ,we/morel&1 
,alleghany1 ,beav]1 ,butl]1 ,arm/rong1  
,m]c]1 ,v5ango1 ,craw=d1 ,erie1 ,w>r51  
,mc,kean1 ,jeff]son1 ,indiana1 ,som]set1
 & a "p ( ,cambria4  ,face ( !          
,c\ntry4--,som]set1 & p>ts ( ,fayette1  
,we/morel&1 ,cambria1 ,indiana1         
,jeff]son1 & ,mc,kean are m\nta9\s1 )   
int]v5+ vallies ( ri*1 arable l&4 ,!    
hilly portions ( ,wa%+ton1 & portions ( 
,fayette1 ,we/morel&1 & ,alleghany      
c\nties are f]tile1 ) n>r[ vales ( ri*  
l& int]v5+4 ,! hills are ( v>i\s %apes &
 heights1 & ! ridges are n uni=m1 b     
pursue v>i\s & diff]5t directions4 ,nor?
 ( ,pittsburg1 ! c\ntry is hilly &      
brok51 b n m\nta9\s1 & ! bottom l&s on !
 wat] c\rses are wid] & m f]tile4 ,on   

,fr5* creek1 & o!r bran*es ( !          
,alleghany riv] !re are ext5sive tracts 
( ri* bottom1 or int]vale l&s1 cov]$ )  
bee*1 bir*1 sug> maple1 p9e1 hemlock1 & 
o!r trees common to t portion ( ! ,unit$
 ,/ates4 ,! p9e =e/s 9 ,p5nsylvania &   
,new ,york1 ab\t ! heads ( ! ,alleghany 
riv]1 produce va/ quantities ( lumb]1   
:i* are s5t annually to all ! t[ns along
 ! ,ohio & ,mississippi riv]s4 ,x is    
comput$ t n less ?an ?irty million feet 
( lumb] are annually s5t d[n ! ,ohio f  
?is s\rce4  ,soil1 ,agriculture1        
c4--,portions ( ! c\ntry are excell5t = 
f>m+4 ,! glade l&s1 z !y are call$1 9   
,gre5e & o!r c\nties1 produce oats1     
grass1 c41 b are n s good = :eat & corn4
 ,^? c\nties :i* lie t[>ds lake ,erie   
are bett] adapt$ to graz+4 ,great numb]s
 ( cattle are rais$ "h4 ,wa%+ton & o!r  
c\nties s\? ( ,pittsburg produce great  
quantities ( wool4 ,! ,monongahela has  
be5 fam\s = its :iskey1 b x is gratify+ 
to le>n t x is greatly on ! decl9e1 & t 
its manufacture beg9s to be reg>d$ z x  

%\ld be1--ru9\s to society4 ,a l>ge     
proportion ( ! di/ill]ies are report$ to
 h be5 ab&on$4 ,bitum9\s coal ab\nds 9  
all ! hills ar\nd ,pittsburg1 & ov] mo/ 
p>ts ( ,we/]n ,p5nsylvania4 ,iron ore is
 f\nd abundantly 9 ! c\nties along !    
,alleghany1 & _m furnaces & =ges are    
employ$ 9 its manufactory4 ,salt spr+s  
ab\nd on ! ,alleghany1 & especially on !
 ,conemaugh & ,kiskim9itas1 :]e salt1 9 
l>ge quantities1 is manufactur$4  ,!    
natural advantages ( ,we/]n ,p5nsylvania
 are great4 ,almo/ e knoll1 hill &      
m\nta9 c be turn$ to "s good acc\nt1 &  
its riv]s1 canals1 rail & turnpike roads
 af=d facilities = int]communication1 & 
= transportation ( ! productions to a   
=eign m>ket4 ,! advantages ( ?is region 
= trade1 agriculture1 rais+ /ock1 &     
manufactur+1 are great4 ,! /reams furni%
 abundant mill-seats1 ! air is          
salubri\s1 & ! morals ( ! community     
good4 ,till rec5tly1 ,p5nsylvania has   
be5 neglectful to provide = common      
s*ools4 ,a s*ool sy/em is n[ 9          

successful op]ation1 & has a /rong hold 
on ! confid5ce & affections ( ! p 9 ?is 
"p ( ! ,/ate4  ,int]nal                 
,improvem5ts4--,p5nsylvania has und]tak5
 an imm5se sy/em ( int]nal improvem5ts1 
?r\gh\t ! ,/ate4 ,! ,alleghany portage  
rail-road comm5ces at ,hollidaysburgh1  
on ! ,juniata riv]1 at ! t]m9ation ( !  
ea/]n division ( ! great ,p5nsylvania   
canal1 & crosses ! ,alleghany ridge at  
,blair's ,gap1 summit #cg miles1 to     
,john/[n on ! ,conemaugh4 ,"h x connects
 ) ! we/]n division ( ! same canal4 ,x  
asc5ds & desc5ds ! m\nta9 by five incl9$
 planes on ea* side1 ov]com+ 9 asc5t &  
desc5t #begj feet1 #acih ( :i* are on ! 
ea/]n1 & #aagb on ! we/]n side ( !      
m\nta94 #efc feet are ov]come by grad+1 
& #bjjg feet by ! planes4 ,on ?is l9e1  
also1 are f\r ext5sive viaducts1 & a    
tunnel #hgj feet long1 & #bj feet wide1 
?r\gh ! /aple b5d ( ! ,conemaugh riv]4  
,! we/]n division ( ! ,p5nsylvania canal
 comm5ces at ,john/[n1 on ! ,conemaugh1 
pursues ! c\rse ( t /ream1 & also t ( ! 

,kiskim9itas & ,alleghany riv]s1 &      
f9ally t]m9ates at ,pittsburg4 ,9 its   
c\rse f ,john/[n x passes ?r\gh ! t[ns (
 ,fairfield1 ,lockport1 ,blairsville1   
,saltzburg1 ,w>r51 ,lee*burg1 &         
,freeport1 mo/ ( :i* are small villages1
 b increas+ 9 size & bus9ess4 ,! canal  
is #ajd miles 9 l5g?3 lockage #dga feet1
 #fd locks1 7exclusive ( f\r on a bran* 
canal to ! ,alleghany17 #aj dams1 #a    
tunnel1 #af aqu$ucts1 #fd culv]ts1 #ci  
wa/e-wi]s1 & #aeb bridges4  ,! canal    
commission]s1 9 _! reports to !         
legislature1 /rongly recomm5d ! ext5sion
 ( ?is division to ! t[n ( ,beav]1 s z  
to unite ) ! ,beav] division4 ,by a     
rec5t survey1 ! di/ance 0 asc]ta9$ to be
 #be4jfe miles1 & ! e/imat$ co/ (       
con/ruction1 #bfc1hba4 ,?is1 ) a propos$
 canal f ,newca/le to ,akron1 on ! ,ohio
 & ,erie canal1 w =m a cont9u\s inl&    
communication betwe5 ,philadelphia &    
,new ,orleans1 ( #bdce miles1 ) !       
exception ( ! passage ov] ! ,alleghany  
portage rail-road1 ( #cf4fi miles 9     

l5g?4#h ,x is #cie miles f ,philadelphia
 to ,pittsburg by ?is canal4  ,! ,beav] 
division ( ! ,p5nsylvania canal comm5ces
 at ! t[n ( ,beav]1 on ! ,ohio riv]1 at 
! junction ( ! ,big ,beav] riv]1        
#be-a_/b miles bel[ ,pittsburg1 asc5ds !
 valley ( t riv]1 !nce up ! ,*5ango     
creek to its t]m9ation 9 ,m]c] c\nty1 a 
di/ance ( #db4fh miles4 ,?is "w1 toge!r 
) a fe$] on ,fr5* creek1 & o!r works n[ 
9 progress1 are p>ts ( a canal int5d$   
ev5tually to connect ! ,ohio riv] ) lake
 ,erie1 at ! t[n ( ,erie2 :i*1 :5 f9i%$1
 w probably be ab\t #acj miles 9 l5g?4  
,x is also propos$ to con/ruct a canal f
 ,newca/le1 on ! ,beav] division1 #bd4ge
 miles above ! t[n ( ,beav]1 along !    
valley ( ! ,mahon+ riv]1 to ,akron1 ne> 
! portage summit ( ! ,ohio & ,erie      
canal1 #he miles 9 l5g?1 #h miles ( :i* 
are 9 ,p5nsylvania1 & ! residue 9 ,ohio4
 ,e/imat$ co/1 #gfd1cgb4  ,! ,cumb]l&1  
or ,national road1 crosses ! s\?-we/]n  
"p ( ,p5nsylvania4 ,x passes ?r\gh      
,br[nsville :]e x crosses ! ,monongahela

 riv]1 & ,wa%+ton1 into a corn] (       
,virg9ia to ,:eel+1 :]e x crosses !     
,ohio riv]1 & f !nce ?r\gh ,ohio1       
,indiana & ,ill9ois to ! ,mississippi   
riv]1 or p]haps to ! we/]n b\nd>y (     
,miss\ri4  ,*ief ,t[ns4--,br[nsville1   
situat$ on ! ea/ side ( ! ,monongahela  
riv]1 is 9 a romantic c\ntry1 surr\nd$ )
 ri* f>ms & f9e or*>ds1 & conta9s ab\t  
#abjj inhabitants4 ,x is at ! head (    
/eamboat navigation4 ,wa%+ton is ! c\nty
 seat ( ,wa%+ton c\nty1 surr\nd$ ) a    
f]tile b hilly c\ntry1 conta9s ab\t     
#bjjj inhabitants1 & has a respectable  
college4 ,cannonsburgh is situat$ on !  
we/ side ( ,*>ti]'s creek1 #h miles nor?
 ( ,wa%+ton4 ,x also has a fl\ri%+      
college1 ) build+s 9 an elevat$ &       
pleasant situation4 ,uniont[n is ! c\nty
 seat ( ,fayette1 on ! ,national road1 &
 conta9s ab\t #aejj inhabitants4        
,gre5sburg is ! seat ( ju/ice =         
,we/morel& c\nty1 on ! great turnpike   
road f ,philadelphia by ,h>risburg to   
,pittsburg1 & has ab\t #hej inhabitants4

 ,beav] is situat$ at ! m\? ( ,big      
,beav]1 on ! ,ohio1 ) a population (    
#ajjj or #abjj1 & is a place (          
consid]able bus9ess4 ,meadville is !    
seat ( ju/ice = ,craw=d c\nty1 situat$  
ne> ,fr5* creek1 & has ab\t #abjj       
inhabitants4 ,"h is a college e/abli%$  
by ! ,rev4 ,mr4 ,ald51 "s ye>s s9ce1 to 
:i* ! late ,dr4 ,b5tley ( ,salem1       
,mass41 bequea!d a valuable libr>y4 ,x  
is n[ "u ! patronage ( ! ,me?odi/       
,episcopal *ur*4  ,erie is a ?riv+ t[n1 
situat$ on ! s\? side ( lake ,erie1 "o  
hundr$ & tw5ty miles nor? ( ,pittsburg4 
,/eamboats t pass up ! lake f ,buffalo1 
usually /op "h1 f :5ce /age r\tes       
communicate ) ,pittsburg1 & _m o!r t[ns 
9 ! int]ior4 ,! portage f ?is place to !
 navigable wat]s ( ! ,alleghany riv] is 
fifte5 miles ov] a turnpike road4 ,!    
population ( ,erie is f #aejj to #bjjj1 
& increas+4  ,wat]=d1 ! place :]e !     
,erie portage t]m9ates1 is situat$ on ! 
nor? bank ( ! ,fr5* creek2 x is a place 
( consid]able bus9ess4 ,fr5* creek is a 

navigable bran* ( ! ,alleghany riv]4    
,frankl91 ,kittann+1 & ,freeport1 are   
respectable t[ns on ! ,alleghany riv]1  
betwe5 ,pittsburg & ,meadville4         
,economy is ! seat ( ! ,g]man colony1 "u
 ! late ,mr4 ,rapp1 :i* emigrat$ f _!   
=m] resid5ce ( ,h>mony on ! ,waba% riv] 
9 ,indiana4 ,x is a fl\ri%+ t[n on ! "r 
bank ( ! ,ohio1 #ah miles bel[          
,pittsburg4 ,x has sev]al factories1 a  
l>ge *ur*1 a spaci\s hotel1 & #hjj or   
#ijj inhabitants1 liv+ 9 a community =m1
 "u "s s+ul> regulations4 ,! ,economi/s1
 or ,h>moni/s1 z !y 7 call$1 9 ,indiana1
 are an indu/ri\s1 moral & ent]pris+    
community1 ) "s peculi>ities 9 _!       
religi\s notions4 ,!re are _m o!r t[ns &
 villages 9 ,we/]n ,p5nsylvania1 (      
moral1 indu/ri\s inhabitants1 :i* !     
limits ( ?is "w w n p]mit me to notice4 
,,pittsburg is ! emporium ( ,we/]n      
,p5nsylvania1 & f its manufactur+       
ent]prise1 especially 9 iron w>es1 has  
be5 d5om9at$ ! ,birm+ham ( ! ,we/4 ,x   
/&s on ! l& =m$ at ! junction ( !       

,monongahela & ,alleghany riv]s on a    
level alluvion deposit1 b entirely above
 ! highe/ wat]s1 surr\nd$ ) hills4 ,?is 
place 0 select$ z ! site ( a =t & trad+ 
depot by ! ,fr5*1 ab\t eighty ye>s s9ce1
 & a small /ockade erect$1 & call$ ,=t  
du ,quesne1 to def5d ! c\ntry aga9/ !   
occupancy ( x by ! ,engli%1 & to        
monopolize ! ,indian trade4 ,x came into
 ! possession ( ! ,briti% ^u ! conque/ (
 ?is c\ntry aft] ! disa/r\s defeat (    
,g54 ,braddock2 & "u ! adm9i/ration ( ! 
eld] ,pitt1 a =t 0 built "h "u !        
sup]9t5d5ce ( "l ,/anwix1 t co/ m ?an   
#bfj1jjj1 & call$ ,=t ,pitt4 ,9 #agfj1 a
 consid]able t[n arose ar\nd ! =t1      
surr\nd$ ) beautiful g>d5s & or*>ds1 b x
 decay$ on ! break+ out ( ! ,indian w>1 
9 #agfc4 ,! orig9 ( ! pres5t t[n may be 
dat$ #agfe4 ,its plan 0 enl>g$ &        
re-survey$ 9 #aghd1 & !n belong$ to !   
,p5n family z a "p ( _! h]$it>y manor4  
,by !m x 0 sold4  ,! ,indian w>s 9 !    
,we/ ret>d$ its gr[? = sev]al ye>s aft]1
 b s9ce1 x has /eadily increas$1 accord+

 to ! foll[+   ,,table4   #ahjj1        
#a1efe  #ahaj1                #d1gfh    
#ahbj1                #g1bdh  #ahcj1    
#ab1edb  #ahce1 e/imat$1  #cj1jjj  ,!   
e/imate ( #ahce1 includes ! suburbs4 ,! 
t[n is compactly built1 & "s /reets are 
h&some2 b ! use ( coal = cul9>y &       
manufactur+ purposes1 gives ! t[n a mo/ 
d+y & gloomy aspect4 ,its salubrity &   
admirable situation = comm]ce &         
manufactures ensure its future prosp]ity
 & increase ( population4 ,! exhau/less 
b$s ( coal 9 ! bluffs ( ! ,monongahela1 
& ( iron ore1 :i* is f\nd 9 great       
abundance 9 all ! m\nta9\s regions (    
,we/]n ,p5nsylvania1 give x preem95ce   
ov] o!r we/]n cities = manufactur+      
purposes4 ,x really /&s at ! head (     
/eamboat navigation on ! wat]s ( !      
,ohio2 = ! ,alleghany & ,monongahela    
riv]s are navigable only at high /ages (
 wat]1 & by ! rec5t improvem5ts 9 !     
*annel ( ! ,ohio1 & ! use ( light draft 
boats1 ! navigation to ,pittsburg is    
un9t]rupt$ except 9 w9t]4  ,! suburbs ( 

,pittsburg are ,birm+ham1 on ! s\? bank 
( ! ,monongahela1 ,alleghany t[n1 on !  
opposite side ( ! ,alleghany riv]1 &    
conta9+ a population ( ab\t sev5 ?\s&1  
,lawr5ceville1 ,nor!rn & ,ea/]n         
,lib]ties4   ,,manufactures4   ,nail    
,factories & ,roll+ ,mills4    ,weight 9
 lbs4    ,value4  ,union1               
#gbj1jjj       #dc1bjj  ,sligo1         
#djj1jjj        #cb1jjj  ,pittsburg1    
#ghb1hhg        #hf1edd  ,grant's ,hill1
                           #ejj1jjj     
#bj1jjj  ,juniata1                      
#ejj1jjj        #cj1jjj  ,p9e ,creek1   
#deg1jjj        #cd1ajj  ,miscellane\s  
factories1                #cfj1jjj      
#bh1bjj  ,! =ego+ table 0 con/ruct$ 9   
#ahca4 ,d\btless ?is bran* ( bus9ess has
 greatly increas$4  ,! same ye> !re 7   
#ab f\ndries 9 & ne> ,pittsburg1 :i*    
conv]t$ #bifc tons ( metal into ca/+s1  
employ$ #acb h&s1 consum$ #hg1jjj bu%els
 ( *>coal1 & produc$ ! value ( #ahi1fad4
  ,! foll[+ sket* ( manufactures 9      
,pittsburg & vic9ity1 is copi$ f        

,tann]'s ,guide1 publi%$ 9 #ahcb3  ,/eam
 eng9es #cg1 :i* employ$ #abc h&s4      
,value1 #ahj1djj4  ,cotton factories #h1
 ) #cfi p[]-looms1 #eih h&s2 value1     
#cjj1acd4 ,9 ! c\nties ( ,we/morel& &   
,alleghany1 !re are #e cotton factories4
  ,9 ,pittsburg & ! two c\nties j nam$1 
are #h pap] mills1 valu$ at #afe1jjj4   
,9 ,pittsburg & vic9ity are #e /eam     
mills1 :i* employ #ej h&s4 ,value ( _!  
products annually1 #hj1jjj4  ,!re are #e
 brass f\ndries & #h copp]smi?s' %ops4  
,value ( ! manufactures1 #be1jjj4  ,)9 !
 limits ( ! city1 !re are #cj           
blacksmi?s' %ops1 :i* employ #acf h&s4  
,!re are also #d gunsmi?s1 & #i         
silv]smi?s & wat* repair]s4  ,9         
,pittsburg & ! c\nties ( ,we/morel& &   
,alleghany1 !re are #bf saddl]ies2 & #da
 tann]ies1 #fd brick y>ds1 & #aa        
pott]ies4 ,!re are 9 ! city #d brew]ies1
 & #d :ite lead manufactories1 at :i*   
#g1djj kegs are made annually2 value1   
#bg1ijj4  ,!re are #f pr9t+-(fices 9    
,pittsburg1 & #f m 9 ! two c\nties4  ,! 

e/imat$ value ( ! manufactures ( e k9d 9
 ,pittsburg1 & ! c\nties ( ,alleghany & 
,we/morel&1 9 #ahca1 0 #c1igh1dfi4      
,d\btless !y h greatly increas$ s9ce4   
,coal4--,! bitum9\s coal =mations ar\nd 
,pittsburg are well des]v+ ! att5tion ( 
geologi/s4 ,coal ,hill1 on ! we/ side ( 
! ,monongahela1 & imm$iately opposite   
,pittsburg1 is ! great s\rce ( ?is      
species ( fuel1 & ! m9]s1 9 "s places1 h
 p]=at$ ! hill to ! di/ance ( sev]al    
hundr$ feet4 ,x is f\nd 9 /rata f #f    
in*es to #aj or #ab feet 9 ?ickness1 &  
(t5 at ! height ( #cjj feet above ! b$ (
 ! riv]1 9 ! hills ar\nd ,pittsburg1 &  
along ! c\rse ( ! ,alleghany &          
,monongahela4 ,bel[ ?is "o /ratum1 :i*  
is ( equal elevation1 none is f\nd till 
y rea* ! base ( ! hill bel[ ! b$ ( !    
riv]4 ,besides supply+ ,pittsburg1 l>ge 
quantities are s5t d[n ! riv]4  ,!re are
 9 ,pittsburg1 7or 7 two ye>s s9ce7 ?ree
 ,bapti/ *ur*es1 or congregations1 "o ( 
:i* is ( ,wel*1 f\r ,presbyt]ian1 f\r   
,me?odi/1 "o ,episcopal1 "o ,roman      

,ca?olic1 7besides a ca!dral on ,grant's
 ,hill17 "o ,cov5ant]1 "o ,sec$]1 "o    
,g]man ,re=m$1 "o ,unit>ian1 "o         
,associate ,re=m$1 "o ,lu!ran1 "o       
,african1 & p]haps "s o!rs 9 ! city or  
suburbs4  ,( ! public build+s des]v+    
notice1 ,i w "n ! ,we/]n ,univ]sity (   
,p5nsylvania1 :i* /&s on ! ,monongahela1
 ne> ,grant's ,hill2--! ,p5it5ti>y1 9   
,alleghany t[n1 :i* has co/ ! ,/ate an  
imm5se am\nt1 & is conduct$ on !        
pr9ciple ( solit>y conf9em5t2--!        
,presbyt]ian ,!ological ,sem9>y is also 
9 ,alleghany t[n2--! ,museum2--! ,unit$ 
,/ates ,ars5al1 ab\t two miles above !  
city1 at ,lawr5ceville4 ,x encloses f\r 
acres1 & has a l>ge depot = ordnance1   
arms1 c4 ,! ,city ,wat] ,works is a     
spl5did monum5t ( municipal ent]prise4  
,! wat] is tak5 f ! ,alleghany riv]1 by 
a pipe1 #ae in*es 9 diamet]1 & c>ri$    
#b1dci feet1 & #aaf feet elevation1 to a
 res]voir on ,grant's ,hill1 capable (  
receiv+ #a1jjj1jjj gallons4 ,! wat] is  
rais$ by a /eam-eng9e ( #hd horse p[]1 &

 w raise #a1ejj1jjj gallons 9 #bd h\rs4 
,! aqu$uct ( ! ,p5nsylvania canal1      
across ! ,alleghany riv]1 is also des]v+
 att5tion4  ,! inhabitants ( ,pittsburg 
are a mixture ( ,engli%1 ,fr5*1 ,scot*1 
,iri%1 ,g]man & ,swiss artisans &       
me*anics1 z well z ( native born        
,am]icans1 :o live toge!r 9 mu* h>mony4 
,indu/ry1 sobriety1 morality & good ord]
 g5]ally prevail4 ,ext5sive revivals (  
religion prevail$ "h ab\t a ye> s9ce4   
,! population ( ,we/]n ,p5nsylvania is  
*>act]iz$ = indu/ry1 frugality1 economy 
& ent]prise4 ,temp]ance pr9ciples h made
 consid]able progress ( late ye>s4      
,,we/]n ,,virg9ia  --,embraces all t "p 
( ,virg9ia t lies ^u ! we/]n wat]s4 ,!  
c\nties are ,brooke1 ,ohio1 ,monongalia1
 ,h>rison1 ,r&olph1 ,russell1 ,pre/on1  
,tyl]1 ,wood1 ,gre5bri]1 ,k5a:a1#i      
,mason1 ,lewis1 ,ni*olas1 ,logan1       
,cabell1 ,monroe1 ,pocahontas1 ,giles1  
,montgom]y1 ,wy!1 ,grayson1 ,tazewell1  
,wa%+ton1 ,scott & ,lee3--#bf4  ,its    
pr9cipal riv] is ! ,k5a:a & its         

tribut>ies4 ,( ^!1 ,gaula1 ,new riv] &  
,gre5bri] are ! pr9cipal4 ,new riv] is !
 l>ge/1 & rises 9 ,nor? ,c>ol9a4 ,!     
,monongahela dra9s a l>ge di/rict2--!   
little ,k5a:a1 ,guy&otte1 & ,s&y are    
small] /reams4 ,! latt] sep>ates        
,virg9ia f ,k5tucky = "s di/ance4  ,mu* 
( ,we/]n ,virg9ia is m\nta9\s1 ly+ 9    
p>allel ridges1 :i* are (t5 brok5 by    
/reams4 ,"s ( ! vallies are v f]tile4 ,!
 ,k5a:a ,valley is n>r[1 b ext5ds to a  
great di/ance4 ,! salt manufactories    
ext5d f ,*>le/[n up ! ,k5a:a1 ! di/ance 
( #ab miles4 ,!y are #bj 9 numb]1 &     
manufacture ne>ly two millions ( bu%els 
annually4 ,! riv] is navigable =        
/eamboats to ?is po9t at an ord9>y dep? 
( wat]4 ,coal is us$ 9 ! manufactories1 
:i* is dug f ! adjac5t m\nta9s1 & br\ght
 to ! works on wood5 railways4 ,sev5    
miles above ,*>le/[n is ! fam\s burn+   
spr+4 ,inflammable gas escapes1 :i*1 if 
ignit$1 w burn ) great brilliancy = _m  
h\rs1 & ev5 = sev]al days1 9 a favorable
 /ate ( ! atmosph]e4 ,! ,/ate ( ,virg9ia

 has con/ruct$ a tol]ably good turnpike 
road f ! m\? ( ! ,guy&otte1 on ! ,ohio1 
to ,/aunton4 ,x passes ?r\gh ,*>le/[n1 &
 along ! ,k5a:a riv] to ! falls2--f !nce
 x ext5ds along ! c\rse ( ,new riv]1 &  
across ,sewall's m\nta9 by ,l\isburg to 
,/aunton4 ,! falls ( ,k5a:a are 9 a     
romantic region1 & m]it ! att5tion ( !  
travell]4 ,m>%all's pill> is a s+ul>    
project+ rock t ov]hangs ,new riv]1     
#ajae feet above its b$4 ,! /age road   
passes ne> its summit4  ,?is r\te is "o 
( ! great /age r\tes lead+ f ! ,ohio    
,valley to ,wa%+ton city1 & to all p>ts 
( old ,virg9ia4  ,! ,:ite ,sulphur1 ,r$ 
,sulphur1 ,hot1 ,w>m1 & ,sweet ,spr+s1  
are 9 ! m\nta9\s p>ts ( ,virg9ia1 & on  
?is r\te4 ,^! are all celebrat$ z wat]+ 
places1 b ! ,:ite ,sulphur spr+ is !    
great resort ( ! fa%ionable ( ! ,s\!rn  
,/ates4 ,let ! read] imag9e an ext5sive 
campgr\nd1 a mile 9 circumf]5ce1 ! camps
 neat cottages1 built ( brick1 or fram$1
 & neatly pa9t$4 ,9 ! c5tre ( ?is area  
are ! spr+s1 ba?-h\ses1 d9+ hall1 &     

mansion ( ! proprietor4 ,! cottages are 
int5d$ = ! accommodation ( families1 &  
conta9 two rooms ea*4 ,?is is by f> !   
mo/ ext5sive wat]+ place 9 ! ,union4 ,( 
! effect ( su* e/abli%m5ts on morals ,i 
%all say no?+4 ,! read] w draw 8 own    
conclusions1 :5 he und]/&s t !          
c>d-table1 r\lette1 :eel ( =tune1 &     
dice-box are among/ its pr9cipal        
amusem5ts4 ,"h1 n unfrequ5tly1 cotton   
bales1 negroes1 & ev5 plantations1 *ange
 own]s 9 a night4 ,! sc5]y ar\nd is     
highly picturesque & romantic4          
,declivities & m\nta9s1 spr9kl$ ov] )   
ev]gre5s1 are scatt]$ 9 wild confusion4 
,a few miles f ,:ite ,sulphur spr+s1 y  
pass ! divid+ l9e--! ,alleghany ridge1 &
 pass f ,we/]n into ,middle ,virg9ia4   
,*ief ,t[ns4--,:eel+ is ! pr9cipal      
comm]cial t[n1 & a great ?or\ghf>e1 9   
,we/]n ,virg9ia4 ,x has a l>ge numb] (  
/ores1 & commission w>eh\ses2 & conta9s 
six or eight ?\s& inhabitants4 ,x is #ib
 miles by wat]1 & #ee miles by l&1 f    
,pittsburg4 ,x has manufactures (       

cotton1 glass1 & e>!nw>e4 ,boats are    
built "h4 ,! ,cumb]l& or ,national road 
crosses ! ,ohio at ?is place1 ov] :i* a 
bridge is ab\t to be erect$4 ,! t[n is  
surr\nd$ ) bold1 precipit\s hills1 :i*  
conta9 inexhau/ible quantities ( coal4  
,at extreme l[ wat]1 /eamboats asc5d no 
high] ?an ,:eel+4  ,*>le/[n1            
,wellsburgh1 ,p>k]sburgh1 ,po9t         
,pleasant1 ,cl>ksburgh1 ,ab+ton1        
,l\isburg1 & _m o!rs1 are pleasant &    
?riv+ t[ns4  ,! climate ( ,we/]n        
,virg9ia is preem95tly salubri\s4 ,! p1 
9 _! mann]s1 h consid]able resemblance  
to ^? ( ,we/]n ,p5nsylvania4 ,!re are   
few] slaves1 less weal?1 m indu/ry &    
equality1 ?an 9 ! ,old ,dom9ion1 z      
,ea/]n ,virg9ia is sometimes call$4     
,,footnotes3  #h ,see ,mit*ell's        
,comp5dium ( ! ,int]nal ,improvem5ts 9 !
 ,unit$ ,/ates1 :]e mu* valuable        
in=mation ( ! rail-roads & canals ( !   
,unit$ ,/ates is f\nd 9 a small space4  
#i ,i h adopt$ ! or?ography ( !         
legislature4     ,,*apt] ,,viii4        

,,mi*igan4                              
,ext5t1--,situation1--,b\nd>ies2----,fac
e ( ! ,c\ntry2 ,riv]s1 ,lakes1 c41 ,soil
 & ,productions2--,subdivisions1        
,c\nties2--,t[ns1                       
,detroit2--,education2--,improvem5ts    
project$2--,b\nd>y ,dispute2--,outl9e ( 
! ,con/itution4   ,mi*igan is a l>ge    
triangul> p59sula1 surr\nd$ on ! ea/1   
nor? & we/1 by lakes1 & on ! s\? by !   
,/ates ( ,ohio & ,indiana4 ,lake ,erie1 
,detroit riv]1 lake ,/4 ,clair1 & ,/4   
,clair riv]1 lie on ! ea/ = #adj miles2 
lake ,huron on ! nor?-ea/ & nor?1 !     
/raits ( ,mack9aw on ! extreme nor?-we/1
 & lake ,mi*igan on its we/]n side4 ,its
 area is ab\t #dj1jjj squ>e miles4      
,face ( ! ,c\ntry4--,its g5]al surface  
is level1 hav+ no m\nta9s1 & no v       
elevat$ hills4 ,/ill1 mu* ( its surface 
is undulat+1 l ! swell+ ( ! ocean4      
,along ! %ore ( lake ,huron1 9 "s       
places1 are high1 precipit\s bluffs1 &  
along ! ea/]n %ore ( ,mi*igan are hills 
( pure s&1 bl[n up by ! w9ds f ! lake4  

,mu* ( ! c\ntry bord]+ on lakes ,erie1  
,huron1 & ,/4 ,clair1 is level1--some:at
 defici5t 9 good wat]1 & = ! mo/ "p     
heavily timb]$4 ,! int]ior is m         
undulat+1 9 "s places r hilly1 ) mu* f9e
 timb]1 int]sp]s$ ) oak op5+s1 pla9s1 & 
prairies4  ,! pla9s are usually timb]$1 
de/itute ( und]gr[?1 & are beautiful4 ,!
 soil is r gravelly4 ,! op5+s conta9    
scatt]+ timb] 9 groves & pat*es1 &      
resemble ^? tracts call$ b>r5s f>!r s\?4
 ,!re is g5]ally timb] en\gh = f>m+     
purposes1 if us$ ) economy1 :ile x co/s 
b little labor to cle> ! l&4 ,= ! fir/  
pl\gh+1 a /rong team ( f\r or five yoke 
( ox5 is requir$1 z is ! case ) prairie4
  ,! op5+s produce good :eat4  ,!       
prairies1 w be describ$ m p>ticul>ly "u 
! head ( ,ill9ois4 ,9 ,mi*igan !y are   
divid$ into wet & dry4 ,! =m] possess a 
ri* soil1 f "o to f\r feet deep1 &      
produce abundantly all k9ds ( crops     
common to #db degrees ( ,n4 latitude1   
especially ^? on ,/4 ,joseph riv]4 ,!   
latt] af=d e>ly pa/urage = emigrants1   

hay to w9t] 8 /ock1 & ) a little labor  
w\ld be conv]t$ into excell5t artificial
 mead[s4 ,mu* ( ! l& t n[ appe>s wet &  
m>%y w 9 "t be dra9$1 & be ! fir/ rate  
soil = f>m+4  ,a few miles back (       
,detroit is a flat1 wet c\ntry =        
consid]able ext5t1 mu* ( x heavily      
timb]$1--! /reams muddy & sluggi%1--"s  
wet prairies1--) dry1 s&y ridges        
int]v5+4 ,! timb] consi/s ( all !       
v>ieties f\nd 9 ! ,we/]n ,/ates2 su* z  
oaks ( v>i\s species1 walnut1 hickory1  
maple1 popl>1 a%1 bee*1 c41 ) an        
int]mixture ( :ite & yell[ p9e4  ,riv]s 
& ,lakes4--,9 g5]al1 ! c\ntry ab\nds )  
riv]s & small /reams4 ,!y rise 9 !      
int]ior1 & fl[ 9 e direction to ! lakes 
:i* surr\nd x4 ,! nor!rn tribut>ies ( ! 
,maumee rise 9 ,mi*igan1 ?\gh ! ma9     
/ream is 9 ,ohio1 & x ent]s ! we/ end ( 
lake ,erie on ! debatable l&4 ,proce$+  
up ! lake1 ,rais9 & !n ,huron occur4    
,bo? are navigable /reams1 & _! head    
wat]s int]lock ) ,gr& riv]1 or          
,wa%t5ong1 :i* fl[s into lake ,mi*igan4 

,riv] ,r\ge ent]s ,detroit riv]1 a few  
miles bel[ ! city ( ,detroit4 ,rais9    
rises 9 ! c\nty ( ,l5awee1 & passes     
?r\gh ,monroe4 ,huron orig9ates among/ !
 lakes ( ,liv+/on1 passes ?r\gh         
,wa%t5aw1 & a corn] ( ,wayne1 & ent]s   
lake ,erie t[>ds its nor?-we/]n corn]4  
,above ,detroit is riv] ,cl9ton1 :i*    
heads 9 ,oakl& c\nty1 passes ?r\gh      
,macomb1 & ent]s lake ,/4 ,clair4 ,pass+
 by sev]al small] /reams1 z ,belle1     
,p9e1 & ,black riv]s1 :i* fall into ,/4 
,clair riv]1 & go+ ov] an imm5se tract (
 swampy1 wet c\ntry1 betwe5 lake ,huron 
& ,sag9aw bay1 9 ,sanilac c\nty1 we come
 to ! ,sag9aw riv]4 ,?is /ream is =m$ by
 ! junction ( ! ,tittibawassee1 ,h>e1   
,%iawassee1 ,fl9t1 & ,cass riv]s1 all ( 
:i* unite 9 ! c5tre ( ,sag9aw c\nty1 &  
=m ! ,sag9aw riv]1 :i* runs nor?1 &     
ent]s ! bay ( ! same "n4 ,!             
,tittibawassee rises 9 ! c\ntry we/ (   
,sag9aw bay1 runs fir/ a s\?1 & !n a    
s\?-ea/]n c\rse1 ?r\gh ,midl& c\nty into
 ,sag9aw c\nty1 to its junction4 ,p9e   

riv] is a bran* ( ?is /ream1 t heads 9 !
 we/]n "p ( ,gratiot c\nty1 & runs      
nor?-ea/ into ,midl&4 ,h>e1 ! orig9al "n
 ( :i* is ,waposebee1 comm5ces 9        
,gratiot1 & ! ,n4 ,w4 corn] ( ,%iawassee
 c\nties1 & runs an ea/ & nor?-ea/      
c\rse4 ,! heads ( ! ,%iawassee1 :i* is !
 ma9 =k ( ! ,sag9aw1 are f\nd 9 !       
c\nties ( ,liv+/on & ,oakl&4 ,its c\rse 
is nor?w>d4 ,fl9t riv] rises 9 ! s\? "p 
( ,lape] c\nty1 & runs a nor?-we/]n     
c\rse1 "s di/ance pa/ ! c5tre ( ! c\nty1
 :5 x sudd5ly :eels to ! s\?1 !n to !   
we/1 & ent]s ,g5esee c\nty1 ?r\gh :i* x 
pursues a devi\s c\rse t[>ds its        
de/9ation4 ,cass riv] rises 9 ,sanilac  
c\nty1 & runs a we/]n c\rse4 ,^! riv]s  
are =m$ ( innum]able bran*es1 & wat] an 
ext5sive di/rict ( c\ntry4 ,o!r small]  
/reams ent] lake ,huron1 above ,sag9aw  
bay2 b ! :ole c\ntry across to lake     
,mi*igan is yet a wild]ness1 & possess$ 
by ! ,indians4 ,d\btless x w soon be    
pur*as$1 survey$ & settl$4 ,on ! we/]n  
side ( ! ,/ate are ,trav]se1 ,ottawa1   

,betsey1 ,mani/ic1 ,p5t1 ,:ite1         
,maskegon1 ,gr&1 ,kekalamazoo1 & ,/4    
,joseph1 all ( :i* fall into lake       
,mi*igan4 ,^? above ,gr& riv] are beyond
 ! settl$ portion ( ! ,/ate4 ,gr& riv]  
is ! l>ge/ 9 ,mi*igan1 be+ #bgj miles 9 
l5g?1 its w9d+s includ$4 ,its head wat]s
 int]lock ) ! ,p9e1 ,h>e1 ,%iawassee1   
,huron1 ,rais91 ,/4 ,joseph &           
,kekalamazoo4 ,a canal project is       
already 9 agitation to connect x ) !    
,huron1 & op5 a wat] communication f    
lake ,erie1 across ! p59sula1 direct to 
lake ,mi*igan4 ,gr& riv] is n[ navigable
 = batteaux1 #bdj miles1 & receives 9   
its c\rse1 ,portage1 ,r$-,c$>1          
,look+-glass1 ,maple1 ,muscota1 ,flat1  
,?orn-,apple1 & ,r\ge riv]s1 besides    
small] /reams4 ,x ent]s lake ,mi*igan   
#bde miles s\?-we/]ly f ,mack9aw1 & #ge 
nor? ( ,/4 ,joseph2--is betwe5 #ej & #fj
 rods wide at its m\?1 ) #h feet wat]   
ov] its b>4 ,! ,ottawa ,indians own !   
c\ntry on its nor? side1 = #fj miles up4
 ,mu* ( ! l& on ,gr& riv] & its         

tribut>ies1 is excell5t1 consi/+ ( six  
or sev5 ?\s& squ>e miles2--&1 consid]+  
its c5tral position 9 ! ,/ate1--! g5]al 
f]tility ( its soil1--! good h>bor at   
its m\?1--! num]\s mill sites on its    
tribut>ies1--?is region may be reg>d$ z 
"o ( ! mo/ int]e/+ portions ( ,mi*igan4 
,! ,kekalamazoo rises 9 ,jackson &      
,eaton c\nties1 passes ?r\gh ,calh\n1 & 
! nor!rn "p ( ,kalamazoo1 ent]s !       
s\?-ea/]n "p ( ,allegan1 & passes       
diagonally ?r\gh x to ! lake4 ,!re is   
mu* fir/-rate l&1 timb]1 prairie1 &     
op5+s1 on its wat]s1 & is rapidly       
settl+4  ,! ,/4 ,joseph c\ntry is       
repres5t$ by "s z ! be/ c\ntry 9        
,mi*igan4 ,?is /ream has sev]al heads 9 
,bran*1 ,hillsdale1 ,jackson1 ,calh\n1 &
 ,kalamazoo c\nties1 :i* unite 9 ,/4    
,joseph c\nty1 ?r\gh :i* x passes       
diagonally to ! s\?-we/1 into           
,indiana1--!nce ?r\gh a corn] ( ,elkh>t 
c\nty1 into ,/4 ,joseph ( t ,/ate1 makes
 ! ,s\? ,b5d1 & !n runs nor?-we/]ly1    
into ,mi*igan1 ?r\gh ,b]rian c\nty1 to !

 lake4 ,! t[n ( ,/4 ,joseph is at its   
m\?4 ,x has ,pigeon1 ,prairie1 ,hog1    
,portage1 ,*ri/ianna1 ,d[agiake1 &      
,crook$ riv]s = tribut>ies1 all ( :i*   
af=d good mill sites4 ,9 ,cass & ,/4    
,joseph c\nties1 are ,f\r-mile1         
,be>dsley1 ,t[ns5d1 ,mc,kenny1 ,la      
,grange1 ,pokagon1 ,"y1 ,/urges1        
,notta-wa-,sepee1 & ,:ite ,pigeon       
prairies1 :i* are ri* tracts ( c\ntry1 &
 fa/ fill+ up ) inhabitants4  ,mi*igan  
ab\nds ) small lakes & ponds4 ,"s h m>%y
 & unheal?y bord]s2--o!rs are transp>5t 
f\nta9s1 surr\nd$ ) beautiful groves1 an
 undulat+ c\ntry1 pebbly & s&y %ores1 & 
teem+ ) excell5t fi%4 ,! c\nties (      
,oakl&1 ,liv+/on1 ,wa%t5aw1 ,jackson1   
,b>ry1 & ,kalamazoo1 are ind5t$ ) !m4   
,productions4--,^! are ! same1 9 g5]al1 
z ^? ( ,ohio & ,new ,york4 ,corn & :eat 
gr[ luxuriantly "h4 ,rye1 oats1 b>ley1  
buck:eat1 potatoes1 & all ! g>d5        
vegetables common to ! climate1 gr[     
well4 ,all ! species ( grasses are      
produc$ luxuriantly4 ,apples & o!r fruit

 ab\nd 9 ! old] settlem5ts1 especially  
among ! ,fr5* ab\t ,detroit4  ,x w be a 
great fruit c\ntry4                     
,subdivisions4--,mi*igan _h be5 divid$  
into #cc c\nties 9 #ahce1 "s ( :i* 7    
atta*$ to adjac5t c\nties = judicial    
purposes4 ,o!r c\nties may h be5 =m$    
s9ce4 ,! foll[+ organiz$ c\nties %[ !   
population ( ! ,/ate1 7!n ,t]ritory17 at
 ! close ( #ahcd4                       
,di/4 f  ,,c\nties4                     
,population4  ,,seats ,,( ,,ju/ice4     
,detroit4                               
----------------------------------------
--------------------------  ,b]rian1    
#a1ghg      ,b]rian1                    
#ahj  ,bran*1                  #gfd     
,bran*1                  #acc  ,calh\n1 
#a1gad      ,eck=d1                 #ajj
  ,cass1                  #c1bhj        
,cassopolis1              #afj          
,jackson1               #a1hfe          
,jacksonsburgh1            #gg          
,kalamazoo1             #c1abd          
,bronson1                 #acg  ,l5awee1

               #g1iaa      ,tecumseh1   
#fc  ,macomb1                #f1jee     
,m\nt ,clem5s1            #be  ,monroe1 
#h1edb      ,monroe1                    
#cf  ,oakl&1              #ac1hdd       
,pontiac1                  #bf  ,/4     
,clair1             #b1bdd      ,/4     
,clair1                #fj  ,/4 ,joseph1
            #c1afh      ,:ite ,pigeon1  
#ace  ,wa%t5aw1            #ad1ibj      
,ann ,arbor1                #db  ,wayne1
                #af1fch      ,detroit1  
------                    ,total1       
#he1hef                                 
----------------------------------------
----------------------  ,! o!r c\nties  
are ,hillsdale1 ,van ,bur51 ,allegan1   
,b>ry1 ,eaton1 ,+ham1 ,liv+/on1 ,lape]1 
,g5esee1 ,%iawassee1 ,cl9ton1 ,ionia1   
,k5t1 ,ottawa1 ,oceana1 ,gratiot1       
,isabella1 ,midl&1 ,sag9aw1 ,sanilac1   
,gladw9 & ,ar5ac1 ! population ( :i* are
 includ$ 9 ! c\nties giv5 9 ! table4    
,d\btless1 ! population ( ,mi*igan n[   
7,jan4 #ahcf7 exce$s "o hundr$ ?\s&4  ,!

 c\nties are subdivid$ into incorporat$ 
t[n%ips1 = local purposes1 ! l9es ( :i* 
usually correspond ) ! l& surveys4  ,= !
 sales ( public l&s1 ! ,/ate is divid$  
into ?ree l& di/ricts1 & l& (fices are  
e/abli%$ at ,detroit1 ,monroe1 &        
,bronson4  ,*ief ,t[ns4--,detroit is !  
comm]cial & political metropolis4 ,x is 
beautifully situat$ on ! we/ side ( !   
riv] ,detroit1 #ah miles above ,mald5 9 
,canada1 & #h miles bel[ ! outlet (     
,lake ,/4 ,clair4 ,a n>r[ /reet1 on :i* 
! :>ves are built1 runs p>allel ) !     
riv]4 ,aft] asc5d+ ! b5* or bluff1 is a 
/reet call$ ,jeff]son ,av5ue1 on :i* !  
pr9cipal build+s are erect$4 ,! old]    
dwell+s are ( wood1 b _m h be5 rec5tly  
built ( brick1 ) basem5ts ( /one1 !     
latt] mat]ial be+ br\ght f ,clevel&1    
,ohio4 ,! primitive =e/ approa*es ne> ! 
t[n4 ,! table l& ext5ds #ab or #ae miles
 int]ior1 :5 x becomes wet & m>%y4      
,along ,detroit riv] ! anci5t ,fr5*     
settlem5ts ext5d sev]al miles1 & !      
inhabitants exhibit all ! peculi> traits

 ( ! ,fr5* on ! ,mississippi4 ,_! g>d5s 
& or*>ds are valuable4  ,! public       
build+s ( ,detroit1 are a /ate h\se1 a  
c\ncil h\se1 an academy1 & two or ?ree  
bank+ h\ses4 ,!re are five *ur*es = z _m
 diff]5t d5om9ations1 9 :i* !           
,episcopalians1 ,presbyt]ians1 ,bapti/s1
 ,me?odi/s1 & ,roman ,ca?olics wor%ip4  
,! ,ca?olic congregation is ! l>ge/1 &  
!y h a l>ge ca!dral4 ,/ores & comm]cial 
w>eh\ses are num]\s1 & bus9ess is       
rapidly increas+4 ,t[n lots1 r5ts1 & l&$
 prop]ty 9 ! vic9ity are ris+ rapidly4  
,lots h advanc$1 )9 two or ?ree ye>s1 9 
! bus9ess p>ts ( ! city1 m ?an "o ?\s&  
p] c5t4 ,me*anics ( all descriptions1 & 
p>ticul>ly ^? 9 ! build+ l9e1 are mu*   
want$ "h1 & 9 o!r t[ns 9 ,mi*igan4 ,!   
population is suppos$ to be ab\t        
#aj1jjj1 & is rapidly increas+4 ,?is    
place comm&s ! trade ( all ! upp] lake  
c\ntry4  ,monroe1 ! seat ( ju/ice =     
,monroe c\nty1 is situat$ on ! "r bank (
 ! riv] ,rais91 opposite ! site ( old   
,fr5*t[n4 ,two ye>s s9ce1 x _h ab\t #aej

 h\ses1 ( :i* #bj or #cj 7 ( /one1 &    
#afjj inhabitants4 ,!re 7 also two fl\r+
 & sev]al saw-mills1 a wooll5 factory1  
an iron f\ndry1 a *air factory1 c41 & an
 abundant supply ( wat] p[]4 ,! ,bank ( 
! ,riv] ,rais91 ) a capital ( #ajj1jjj1 
is e/abli%$ "h4 ,! ,presbyt]ians1       
,episcopalians1 ,bapti/s1 ,me?odi/s1 &  
,roman ,ca?olics h h\ses ( wor%ip &     
m9i/]s "h4 ,x 0 at ?is place1 or r at   
,fr5*t[n 9 its vic9ity1 t a horrible    
massacre ( ,am]ican prison]s took place 
dur+ ! la/ w> ) ,great ,brita91 by !    
,indians "u ,g54 ,proctor4 ,! sick &    
w\nd$ 7 burn$ alive 9 ! hospital1 or %ot
 z !y ran %riek+ ?r\gh ! flames6  ,( !  
#gjj "y m5 b>b>\sly murd]$ "h1 _m 7     
/ud5ts at law1 "y physicians1 & m]*ants1
 ! be/ blood ( ,k5tucky6  ,m\nt ,clem5s1
 ,br[n/[n1 ,ann ,arbor1 ,pontiac1 ,:ite 
,pigeon1 ,tecumseh1 ,jacksonsburgh1     
,niles1 ,/4 ,joseph1 ,spr+ ,arbor1 & _m 
o!rs1 are pleasant villages1 & w soon   
become popul\s4  ,education4--,congress 
has made ! same donations ( l&s1 z to   

o!r ,we/]n ,/ates1 & w1 d\btless1       
appropriate ! same p] c5tage on ! sales 
( all public l&s1 :5 ! ,/ate is admitt$ 
into ! ,union1 z has be5 appropriat$ to 
! o!r new ,/ates4 ,a respectable female 
academy is 9 op]ation at ,detroit4 ,!   
,presbyt]ian d5om9ation are ab\t        
e/abli%+ a college at ,ann ,arbor1 !    
,me?odi/s a sem9>y at ,spr+ ,arbor1 !   
,bapti/s "o 9 ,kalamazoo c\nty1 & !     
,roman ,ca?olics1 x is said1 h fix$ _!  
po/ at ,b]tr&1 a t[n on ! ,/4 ,joseph   
riv]1 9 ! s\?-ea/]n corn] ( ,b]rian     
c\nty1 & ne> to ! b\nd>y l9e ( ,indiana4
 ,mu* s5tim5t & feel+ exi/s 9 favor (   
education & lit]>y in/itutions1 among/ !
 p4  ,improvem5ts project$4--,a survey  
has be5 made = a rail-road across !     
p59sula ( ,detroit1 ?r\gh ! c\nties (   
,wayne1 ,wa%t5aw1 ,jackson1 ,calh\n1    
,kalamazoo1 ,van ,bur5 & ,b]rian1 to !  
m\? ( ,/4 ,joseph riv]4 ,ano!r project  
is1 to comm5ce at or ne> ,tol$o on !    
,maumee riv]1 & pass ?r\gh ! s\!rn      
c\nties ( ,mi*igan into ,indiana1 &     

t]m9ate at ,mi*igan city4 ,a ?ird       
project is1 to op5 a wat] communication 
f ! navigable wat]s ( ,gr& riv]1 to     
,huron riv]1 &1 by locks & slack wat]   
navigation1 ent] lake ,erie4 ,a canal f 
! m\? ( ,maumee ,bay to lake ,mi*igan1  
has also be5 spok5 ( z a feasible       
project2--or "o f ! m\? ( ! riv] ,rais9 
to ! ,/4 ,joseph1 w\ld op5 a simil>     
communication4 ,x has also be5 sugge/$  
to improve ! riv] ,rais9 by locks &     
slack wat] navigation4 ,d\btless n _m   
ye>s w elapse be=e "s ( ^! projects w   
prove realities4  ,b\nd>y               
,dispute4--,?is unpleasant dispute      
betwe5 ,ohio & ,mi*igan1 relates to a   
/rip ( c\ntry ab\t fifte5 miles 9 wid?  
at its ea/]n1 & sev5 miles at its we/]n 
end1 ly+ betwe5 ! nor?-ea/]n "p (       
,indiana & ! ,maumee ,bay4 ,a portion ( 
! ,waba% & ,erie canal1 n[ con/ruct+ by 
,indiana1 & :i* is dep5d5t = its        
completion on ei!r ,ohio or ,mi*igan1   
passes ov] ?is t]ritory4 ,mi*igan claims
 x by virtue ( an ord9ance ( ,congress1 

pass$ ! #ac? ( ,july1 #aghg1 organiz+ ! 
,nor?-,we/]n ,t]ritory1 9 :i* ! b\nd>ies
 ( ?ree ,/ates 7 laid (f1 ,provid$1 t ! 
b\nd>ies ( ^! ?ree ,/ates %all be       
subject s f> to be alt]$1 t1 if         
,congress %all h]eaft] f9d x exp$i5t1 !y
 %all h au?ority to =m "o or two ,/ates 
9 t "p ( ! said t]ritory :i* lies nor? (
 an ea/ & we/ l9e drawn ?r\gh ! s\!rly  
b5d or extreme ( lake ,mi*igan2--,ohio  
claims x by possession1 & because1 by   
be+ receiv$ into ! ,union ) ?is portion 
9 possession1 ,congress virtually       
annull$ t "p ( ! =m] ord9ance t fix$ !  
s\? b5d ( lake ,mi*igan z ! b\nd>y l9e1 
& by hav+ run ! l9e nor? ( ?is4         
,outl9es ( ! ,con/itution4--,a conv5tion
 assembl$ at ,detroit1 on ! #aa? ( ,may1
 #ahce1 & fram$ a con/itution = a /ate  
gov]nm5t1 :i* 0 submitt$ to1 & ratifi$  
by vote ( ! p on ! fir/ ,monday 9       
,octob]4  ,! p[]s ( ! gov]nm5t are      
divid$ into ?ree di/9ct dep>tm5ts2--!   
legislative1--! executive1--& !         
judicial4  ,! legislative p[] is ve/$ 9 

a ,s5ate & ,h\se ( ,repres5tatives4 ,!  
repres5tatives are to be *os5 annually2 
& _! numb] _c be less ?an #dh1 nor m ?an
 #ajj4  ,! s5ators are to be *os5 e two 
ye>s1 "o half ( !m e ye>1 & to consi/1 z
 ne>ly z may be1 ( "o ?ird ( ! numb] ( !
 repres5tatives4  ,! c5sus is to be tak5
 9 #ahcg1 & #ahde1 & e t5 ye>s aft] !   
latt] p]iod2 & also aft] ea* c5sus tak5 
by ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 ! numb] ( s5ators & 
repres5tatives is to be apportion$ anew 
among ! sev]al c\nties1 accord+ to !    
numb] ( :ite inhabitants4  ,!           
legislature is to meet annually1 on !   
fir/ ,monday 9 ,janu>y4  ,! executive   
p[] is to be ve/$ 9 a gov]nor1 :o holds 
8 (fice = two ye>s4 ,^u a vacancy1 !    
lieut5ant gov]nor p]=ms executive       
duties4 ,! fir/ election 0 held on !    
fir/ ,monday 9 ,octob]1 #ahce1 & !      
gov]nor & lieut5ant gov]nor hold _!     
(fices till ! fir/ ,monday 9 ,janu>y1   
#ahch4  ,! judicial p[] is ve/$ 9 "o    
,supreme ,c\rt1 & 9 su* o!r c\rts z !   
legislature may1 f "t to "t1 e/abli%4 ,!

 judges ( ! ,supreme ,c\rt are to be    
appo9t$ by ! gov]nor1 ) ! advice &      
cons5t ( ! ,s5ate1 = ! t]m ( sev5 ye>s4 
,judges ( all c\nty c\rts1 associate    
judges ( circuit c\rts1 & judges (      
probate1 are to be elect$ by ! p = ! t]m
 ( f\r ye>s4  ,ea* t[n%ip is au?oriz$ to
 elect f\r ju/ices ( ! peace1 :o are to 
hold _! (fices = f\r ye>s4 ,9 all       
elections1 e :ite male citiz5 above !   
age ( #ba ye>s1 hav+ resid$ six mon?s   
next prec$+ any election1 is entitl$ to 
vote at su* election4  ,slav]y1         
lott]ies1 & ! sale ( lott]y tickets1 are
 prohibit$4  ,! seat ( gov]nm5t is to be
 at ,detroit1 or su* o!r place or places
 z may be prescrib$ by law until ! ye>  
#ahdg1 :5 x is to be p]man5tly fix$ by !
 legislature4   ,,ohio  --,is b\nd$ on !
 nor? by lake ,erie1 & ! ,/ate (        
,mi*igan1 ea/ by ,p5nsylvania & ! ,ohio 
riv]1 s\? by ! ,ohio riv]1 :i* sep>ates 
x f ,virg9ia & ,k5tucky1 & we/ by       
,indiana4 ,! me&]+s ( ! ,ohio riv] ext5d
 along ! l9e ( ?is ,/ate #dcf miles4 ,x 

is ab\t #bbb miles 9 ext5t1 bo? f nor?  
to s\?1 & f ea/ to we/4 ,aft] exclud+ a 
section ( lake ,erie1 :i* projects into 
its nor!rn bord]s1 ,ohio conta9s ab\t   
#dj1jjj squ>e miles1 or #be1jjj1jjj     
acres ( l&4  ,divisions4--,nature has   
divid$ ?is ,/ate into f\r               
dep>tm5ts1--accord+ to its pr9cipal     
wat]s4  #a4 ,! ,lake c\ntry1 situat$ on 
lake ,erie1 & embrac+ all its nor!rn "p4
 ,its /reams all run into ! lake1 & rea*
 ! ,atlantic ocean ?r\gh ! ,gulf ( ,/4  
,lawr5ce4  #b4 ,! ,musk+um c\ntry1 on ! 
ea/]n side1 & along ! riv] ( t "n4  #c4 
,! ,scioto c\ntry1 9 ! middle1--&1  #d4 
,! ,miami c\ntry1 along ! we/]n side4   
,= civil purposes1 ! ,/ate is divid$    
into sev5ty-five c\nties1 & ^! are aga9 
subdivid$ into t[n%ips4 ,_! names1 date 
( organization1 numb] ( squ>e miles1    
numb] ( organiz$ t[n%ips1 seats (       
ju/ice1 & be>+ & di/ance f ,columbus1   
are exhibit$ 9 ! foll[+   ,,table4      
----------------------------------------
-----------------------------           

,be>+ ,&                ,:5    ,squ>e   
,no4 (                   ,di/ance f     
,,c\nties4                              
organiz$4,miles4,t[n%ips4,,seats ,,(    
,,ju/ice4  ,columbus4                   
----------------------------------------
-----------------------------  ,adams1  
#agig    #eej      #aj    ,we/ ,union1  
#aja s4  ,all51         #ahca    #edb   
--    ,lima1            #aaj n4 w4      
,a%tabula1     #ahaa    #gjj      #bg   
,jeff]son1       #bjj n4 w4  ,a!ns1     
#ahje    #gdj      #ai    ,a!ns1        
#gc s4 e4  ,belmont1       #ahja    #ecf
      #af    ,/4 ,clairsville1 #aaf e4  
,br[n1         #ahah    #dgj      #ad   
,georget[n1      #ajd s4  ,butl]1       
#ahjc    #dhj      #ac    ,hamilton1    
#aja s4 w4  ,c>roll1       #ahcc    ,a  
,a   ,c>rollton1      #abe e4 n4 e4     
,*ampaign1     #ahje    #dag      #ab   
,urbanna1          #ej w4 n4 w4  ,cl>k1 
#ahah    #dab      #aj    ,spr+field1   
#dd w4  ,cl]mont1      #ahjj    #eae    
#ab    ,batavia1          #if s4 w4     

,cl9ton1       #ahaj    #djj       #h   
,wilm+ton1       #fj s4 w4  ,columbiana1
    #ahjc    ,a      ,a   ,new ,lisbon1 
#aej e4 n4 e4  ,co%octon1     #ahaa     
#efb      #ba    ,co%octon1        #fh  
n4 e4  ,craw=d1      #ahbf    #eid      
#ab    ,bucyrus1          #fj n4        
,cuyahoga1      #ahaj    #dge      #ai  
,clevel&1       #adj n4 n4 e4  ,d>k1    
#ahag    #ffj      #aj    ,gre5ville1   
#ic w4  ,delaw>e1      #ahjh    #faj    
#bc    ,delaw>e1         #bd n4         
,fairfield1     #ahjj    #edj      #ad  
,lanca/]1        #bh s4 e4  ,fayette1   
#ahaj    #dae       #g    ,wa%+ton1     
#ch s4 w4  ,frankl91      #ahjc    #ebj 
#ah    ,,columbus1          ,gallia1    
#ahjc    #ejj      #ae    ,gallipolis1  
#ajb s4 s4 e4  ,geauga1        #ahje    
#fjj      #bc    ,*>don1         #aeg n4
 e4  ,gre5e1        #ahjc    #djj       
#h    ,x5ia1            #ef w4 s4 w4    
,gu]nsey1      #ahaj    #fba      #ai   
,cambridge1        #gf e4  ,hamilton1   
#agij    #djj      #ad    ,c9c9nati1    

#aaj s4 w4  ,hancock1       #ahbh       
#egf       #e    ,f9dlay1          #ij  
n4 n4 w4  ,h>d91        #ahcc    #egj   
--    ,k5ton1           #gj n4 n4 w4    
,h>rison1      #ahac   ,a--     #ac     
,cadiz1           #abd e4 n4 e4  ,h5ry1 
--     #gdd       #b    ,napoleon1      
#afa n4 w4  ,highl&1      #ahje    #eee 
#aa    ,hillsbor\gh1     #fb s4 s4 w4   
,hock+1       #ahah    #dcb       #i    
,logan1            #df s4 s4 e4         
,holmes1        #ahbe    #dbb      #ad  
,mill]sburg1      #ha n4 e4  ,huron1    
#ahae    #hjj      #bi    ,norwalk1     
#ajf n4  ,jackson1       #ahaf    #dij  
#ac    ,jackson1          #gc s4 s4 e4  
,jeff]son1     #agig    #djj      #ac   
,/eub5ville1    #adg e4 n4 e4  ,knox1   
#ahjh    #fah      #bd    ,m\nt ,v]non1 
#dg n4 n4 e4  ,lawr5ce1      #ahag      
#dcj      #ab    ,burl+ton1      #acj s4
 s4 e4  ,lick+1       #ahjh    #fff     
#be    ,new>k1           #cc e4 n4 e4   
,logan1         #ahah    #dbe       #i  
,bellefonta9e1    #ej n4 w4  ,lora91    

#ahbd    #ehj      #ai    ,elyria1      
#acj n4 n4 e4  ,lucas1,b      #ahce     
--    ,tol$o1          #aej n4 n4 w4    
,madison1       #ahaj    #dhj      #aj  
,london1           #be w4 s4 w4  ,m>ion1
        #ahbd    #ebg      #ae          
,m>ion1           #de n4  ,m$9a1        
#ahah    #dge      #ad    ,m$9a1        
#aaj n4 n4 e4  ,meigs1         #ahai    
#djj      #ab    ,*e/]1          #id s4 
s4 e4  ,m]c]1        #ahbd    #egf      
#d    ,/ ,m>y's1       #aaa n4 w4       
,miami1         #ahjg    #daj      #ab  
,troy1             #fh n4 ( w4  ,monroe1
        #ahae    #efc      #ah          
,woodsfield1      #abj e4 s4 e4         
,montgom]y1    #ahjc    #dhj      #ab   
,dayton1           #fh w4  ,morgan1     
#ahai    #ejj      #ae                  
,m',connelsville1   #ge s4 e4  ,musk+um1
     #ahjd    #ffe      #bc             
,zanesville1       #eb e4  ,pauld+1,c   
--     #dcb       #c                    
#agj n4 w4  ,p]ry1         #ahah    #djb
      #ab    ,som]set1         #df e4 s4

 e4  ,pickaway1      #ahaj    #dgj      
#ad    ,circleville1      #bf s4  ,pike1
          #ahae    #dba       #i        
,piketon1          #fd s4  ,portage1    
#ahjg    #gej      #cj    ,rav5na1      
#ace n4 e4  ,preble1        #ahjh       
#dcb      #ab    ,eaton1            #ej 
w4  ,putnam1,c      --     #egf       #b
                     #adh n4 w4  ,ri*l&1
      #ahac    #ijj      #be            
,mansfield1        #gd n4 n4 e  ,ross1  
#agih    #fej      #af    ,*illico!1    
#de s4  ,s&usky1      #ahbj    #fjj     
#aj    ,l[] ,s&usky1  #aje n4  ,scioto1 
#ahjc    #gjj      #ad    ,portsm\?1    
#ij s4  ,s5eca1        #ahbd    #edj    
#aa    ,tiff91           #hg n4  ,%elby1
        #ahai    #dah      #aj          
,sidney1           #gj n4 w4  ,/>k1     
#ahji    ,a      #af    ,canton1        
#aaf n4 e4  ,trumbull1      #ahjj       
#hge      #cd    ,w>r51          #afj n4
 e4  ,tusc>awas1    #ahjh    ,a      #ai
    ,new ,philadelphia1#ajj e4 n4 e4    
,union1         #ahbj    #dej       #i  

,m>ysville1       #cj n4 w4  ,vanw]t1,c 
--     #dcb      --                     
#ajj n4 w4  ,w>r51        #ahjc    #djj 
#i    ,lebanon1          #hj s4 w4      
,wa%+ton1    #aghh    #gac      #ai     
,m>ietta1        #ajf s4 e4  ,wayne1    
#ahab    #ffj      #bj    ,woo/]1       
#hi n4 e4  ,williams1      #ahbd    #fjj
      #aj    ,defiance1        #acj n4  
w4  ,wood1          #ahbj    #gej       
#g    ,p]rysburg1      #ace n4 w4   ,a  
,c>roll c\nty has be5 =m$ f ,columbiana1
 ,h>rison1  ,/>k & ,tusc>awas s9ce !    
edition ( ! ,ohio ,gazette] ( #ahcc  0  
publi%$1 f :i* ! =ego+ table has be5    
con/ruct$4  ,h5ce ! t[n%ips 9 ea* are n 
giv54   ,b ,lucas c\nty has be5 rec5tly 
=m$ f p>ts tak5 f  ,s&usky & ,wood      
c\nties1 & f ! disput$ c\ntry claim$  by
 ,mi*igan4   ,c ,pauld+1 ,putnam1 &     
,vanw]t c\nties _h n be5 organiz$  at ! 
p]iod ( our in=mation4      ,mu* ( ! l& 
9 ,vanw]t is wet4 ,! s\!rn portion      
conta9s  mu* swampy prairie4  ,!re are  
n9ete5 congressional di/ricts 9 ,ohio1  

:i* elect z _m memb]s ( ,congress1 &    
twelve circuits = ,c\rts ( ,common      
,pleas4  ,face ( ! ,c\ntry4--,! int]ior 
& nor!rn p>ts ( ! ,/ate bord]+ on lake  
,erie1 are g5]ally level1 &1 9 "s       
places1 wet & m>%y4 ,! ea/]n & s\?-ea/]n
 p>ts bord]+ on ! ,ohio riv]1 are hilly 
& brok51 b n m\nta9\s4 ,9 "s c\nties !  
hills are abrupt & brok51--9 o!rs !y =m 
ridges1 & are cultivat$ to _! summits4  
,imm$iately on ! banks ( ! ,ohio & o!r  
l>ge riv]s are /rips ( ri* alluvion     
soil4  ,! c\ntry along ! ,scioto & two  
,miamies1 furni% m ext5sive bodies (    
ri*1 f]tile l&1 ?an any o!r "p ( !      
,/ate4 ,! prairie l& is f\nd 9 small    
tracts ne> ! head wat]s ( ! ,musk+um &  
,scioto1 & betwe5 ! s\rces ( ! two      
,miami riv]s1 & especially 9 !          
nor?-we/]n "p ( ! ,/ate4 ,_m ( !        
prairies 9 ,ohio are l[ & wet2--"s are  
elevat$ & dry1 & exhibit ! features ( ^?
 tracts call$ b>r5s 9 ,ill9ois4 ,!re are
 ext5sive pla9s1 "s ( :i* are wet1 t[>ds
 ,s&usky4  ,soil & ,productions4--,!    

soil1 9 at lea/ ?ree f\r?s ( ! ,/ate1 is
 f]tile2--& "s ( x v ri*4 ,! poore/     
portion ( ,ohio1 is along ! ,ohio riv]1 
f #ae to #be miles 9 wid?1 & ext5d+ f ! 
,national road opposite ,:eel+1 to ! m\?
 ( ! ,scioto riv]4 ,_m ( ! hills 9 ?is  
region are rocky4  ,among ! =e/ trees   
are oak ( v>i\s species1 :ite & black   
walnut1 hickory1 maple ( diff]5t k9ds1  
bee*1 popl>1 a% ( sev]al k9ds1 bir*1    
buckeye1 *]ry1 *e/nut1 locu/1 elm1      
hackb]ry1 sycamore1 l9d51 ) num]\s o!rs4
 ,among/ ! "u gr[? are spice-bu%1       
dogwood1 ironwood1 pawpaw1 hornbeam1    
black-haw1 ?orn1 wild plum1 grape v9es1 
c4 ,! pla9s & wet prairies produce wild 
grass4  ,! agricultural productions are 
su* z are common to ! ,ea/]n & ,middle  
,/ates4 ,indian corn1 z 9 o!r ,we/]n    
,/ates1 is a /aple gra91 rais$ ) mu*    
ease1 & 9 great abundance4 ,m ?an #ajj  
bu%els are produc$ f an acre1 on ! ri*  
alluvial soils ( ! bottom l&s1 ?\gh f   
#dj to #ej bu%els p] acre ought to be   
consid]$ an av]age crop4 ,! ,/ate       

g5]ally has a f9e soil = :eat1 & fl\r is
 produc$ = exportation 9 great          
quantities4 ,rye1 oats1 buck:eat1 b>ley1
 potatoes1 melons1 pumpk9s1 & all mann] 
( g>d5 vegetables1 are cultivat$ to     
great p]fection4 ,no m>kets 9 ! ,unit$  
,/ates are m pr(usely & *eaply suppli$ )
 meat & vegetables ?an ^? ( ,c9c9nati & 
o!r l>ge t[ns 9 ,ohio4 ,hemp is produc$ 
to "s ext5t1 & ! *oice/ k9ds ( tobacco  
is rais$ & cur$ 9 "s ( ! c\nties ea/ ( !
 ,musk+um riv]4 ,fruits ( all k9ds are  
rais$ 9 great pl5ty1 especially apples1 
:i* gr[ to a l>ge size1 & are f9ely     
flavor$4 ,! v9e & ! mulb]ry h be5       
introduc$1 & ) ent]prise & indu/ry1 w9e 
& silk might easily be add$ to its      
exports4  ,animals4--,be>s1 wolves1 &   
de] are /ill f\nd 9 ! =e/s & unsettl$   
portions ( ! ,/ate4 ,! dome/ic animals  
are simil> to o!r ,/ates4 ,sw9e is "o ( 
! /aple productions1 & ,c9c9nati has be5
 d5om9at$ ! pork m>ket ( ! _w4 ,o!r t[ns
 9 ! we/1 & 9 ,ohio1 are beg9n+ to      
receive a %>e ( ?is trade1 especially   

along ! l9es ( ! ,miami1 & ! ,erie      
canals4 #aej1jjj hogs h be5 slaught]$ & 
prep>$ = m>ket 9 "o season 9 ,c9c9nati4 
,ab\t #ge1jjj is ! pres5t e/imat$ numb]1
 f newspap] au?ority4 ,imm5se droves (  
fat cattle are s5t e autumn f ! ,scioto 
valley & o!r p>ts ( ! ,/ate4 ,!y are    
driv5 to all ! m>kets ( ! ea/ & s\?4    
,m9]als4--,! m9]al deposits ( ,ohio1 z  
yet discov]$1 consi/ pr9cipally 9 iron1 
salt1 & bitum9\s coal1 & are f\nd *iefly
 along ! s\?-ea/]n portion ( ! ,/ate4   
,let a l9e be drawn f ! s\?-ea/]n "p (  
,a%tabula c\nty1 9 a s\?-we/]n          
direction1 by ,nor?ampton 9 ,portage    
c\nty1 ,woo/]1 ,m\nt ,v]non1 ,granville1
 ,circleville1 to ,hillsbor\gh1 & !nce  
s\? to ! ,ohio riv] 9 ,br[n c\nty1 & x  
w\ld leave mo/ ( ! salt1 iron & coal on 
! ea/]n & s\?-ea/]n side4  ,f9ancial    
,/ati/ics4--,f ! ,auditor's ,report to !
 ,legislature n[ 9 session1 7,jan4      
#ahcf17 ! foll[+ items are extract$4 ,! 
g5]al rev5ue is obta9$ f mod]ate taxes  
on l&$ & p]sonal prop]ty1 & collect$ by 

! c\nty treasur]s1--f insurance1 bank & 
bridge companies1 f lawy]s & physicians1
 c4  ,collect$ 9 #ahce1 by ! sev]al     
c\nty treasur]s1 #aej1jhj1 7omitt+      
fractions73 paid by banks1 bridges1 &   
insurance companies1 #bf1jfj2--;by      
lawy]s1 & physicians1 #a1eih2--o!r      
s\rces1 #bd1jbh1--mak+ an aggregate (   
#bja1gff4 ,! disbursem5ts are1--am\nt ( 
deficit = #ahcd1 #af1fbb2--;bills r$eem$
 at ! treasury = ! ye> end+ ,nov4 #ahce1
 #ahb1jje2--;int]e/ paid on s*ool funds1
 #cc1aja1 c41 am\nt+ to #bce1cfe--;& %[+
 a deficit 9 ! rev5ue ( #cc1eij4        
,,canal ,,funds4  ,^! appe> to be       
sep>ate acc\nts f ! g5]al receipts &    
disbursem5ts4  ,miami ,canal4--,! am\nt 
( money aris+ f ! sales ( ,miami canal  
l&s up to ! #ae? ( ,nov41 #ahce1 is     
#caj1agh4 ,?is sum has be5 exp5d$ 9 !   
ext5sion ( ! canal nor? ( ,dayton4      
,ohio ,canal4--,! am\nt ( taxes collect$
 = canal purposes = ! ye> #ahce1 includ+
 tolls1 sales ( canal l&s1 s*ool l&s1   
balance rema9+ 9 ! treasury ( la/ ye>1  

c41 is #eji1cbb4 ,only #ch1bdb ( ! g5]al
 rev5ue 7 appropriat$ to canal purposes1
 ( :i* #ce1ejg w5t to pay int]e/ on !   
s*ool funds borr[$ by ! ,/ate4  ,! =eign
 debt is #d1djj1jjj2--! legal int]e/ (  
:i* is #bfj1jjj p] annum4 ,! dome/ic    
debt ( ! ,/ate1 aris+ f inve/+ ! diff]5t
 s*ool funds1 is #egi1bhg2--! int]e/ (  
:i* am\nts to #cd1geg1--mak+ an         
aggregate annual int]e/ paid by ! ,/ate 
on loans1 #bid1geg4 ,! canal tolls = !  
ye> #ahce1 am\nt to #bdb1ceg1 & !       
receipts f ! sale ( ,ohio canal l&s1    
#fd1edi1--mak+ an aggregate income to ! 
canal fund ( #cjf1ijf p] annum2--a sum m
 ?an suffici5t to pay ! int]e/ on all   
loans = canal purposes4  ,items (       
,exp5diture4--,"u ?is head ! pr9cipal   
items ( ! exp5ditures ( ! ,/ate gov]nm5t
 are giv54   ,memb]s1 & (fic]s ( !      
,g5]al ,assembly1 p] annum1      #dc1ihg
  ,(fic]s ( gov]nm5t1                   
#bj1hbh  ,keep] ( ! ,p5it5ti>y1         
#a1iji  ,= new ,p5it5ti>y build+s1      
#df1jej  ,/ate pr9t+1                   

#ab1bdc  ,pap] & ,/ation>y = use ( !    
,/ate1                       #d1dgh     
,c]tificates = wolf scalps1             
#b1hbd  ,adjutant1 & ,qu>t] ,ma/]       
,g5]als1 & ,brigade ,inspectors1        
#b1bgf  ,treasur]'s mileage on settlem5t
 ) ! ,auditor ( ,/ate1     #a1jbg  ,deaf
 & ,dumb ,asylum1                       
#e1gjj  ,p]iodical works1 c4            
#djj  ,po/age on docum5ts1              
#ede  ,report] to ,c\rt 9 ,bank1        
#cjj  ,memb]s & cl]ks ( ! ,bo>d (       
,equalization1 &    articles furni%$1   
#a1ifj  ,payma/] ,g5]al1--,ohio         
,militia1                               
#b1jjj  ,! extra session ( ! legislature
 on ! b\nd>y l9e1 9 ,june1 #ahce1 0     
#f1hbc4  ,l& ,taxes4--,! am\nt ( l&s    
tax$1 & ! rev5ue aris+ !refrom1 at      
sev]al diff]5t p]iods1 are h]e) giv51 to
 %[ ! progressive advance ( ! f>m+ & o!r
 int]e/s ( ! ,/ate4                     
------------------------------------    
,ye>s4    ,acres4    ,taxes paid4       
------------------------------------    

#ahji     #i1ibd1jcc  #fc1iia4hg cts    
#ahaj    #aj1dgi1jbi   #fg1eja4fj       
#ahaa    #ab1acd1ggg  #agj1edf4gd  ,f   
#ahaa to #ahaf1 ! av]age increase ( !   
taxes1 paid by ! sev]al c\nties1 0      
#ei1cea4 ,f #ahaf ! ,/ate rose rapidly 9
 ! scale ( prosp]ity & ! value (        
prop]ty4 ,9 #ahbj1 ! numb] ( acres      
return$ z taxable1 exce$$ a fraction (  
#ac millions1 :ile ! aggregate ( taxes1 
0 #bje1cdf4  ,! p]iod ( depression &    
emb>rassm5t t foll[$ ?r\gh\t ! we/1     
prev5t$ prop]ty f advanc+ 9 ,ohio4 ,9   
#ahbf1 '#bg1 '#bh1 '#bi1 '#cj1 a mat]ial
 *ange 9 ! am\nt ( prop]ty taxable took 
place1 f a few hundr$ ?\s&s1 to m ?an   
fifty millions4 ,! total value ( taxable
 prop]ty ( ! ,/ate = #ahce1 7exclusive (
 ?ree c\nties f :i* returns _h n be5    
receiv$17 am\nts to ! sum ( n9ety-f\r   
millions1 f\r hundr$ & ?irty-sev5 ?\s&1 
n9e hundr$ & fifty-"o doll>s4  ,s*ool   
,funds4--,! am\nt ( s*ool funds loan$ to
 ! ,/ate1 up to ,nov4 #ae?1 #ahce1 is-- 
,virg9ia ,milit>y l& fund1              

#aji1icg  ,unit$ ,/ates ,milit>y l&     
fund1       #ij1abf  ,common ,s*ool     
fund1                     #bc1agi  ,a!ns
 ,univ]sity1                            
#a1dca  ,s*ool section1 ,no4 #af1       
#dec1jjj  ,connecticut ,we/]n ,res]ve1  
#abe1geh                                
--------  ,total1                       
#hjc1dcb  ,! foll[+ tabul> view ( !     
acres ( l&1 total am\nt ( taxable       
prop]ty1 & total am\nt ( taxes paid =   
#ahcc1 is tak5 f ! ,ohio ,gazette]4 ,x  
%\ld be not$ t 9 all ! ,we/]n ,/ates1   
l&s pur*as$ ( ! gov]nm5t ( ! ,unit$     
,/ates1 are exempt$ f taxation = five   
ye>s aft] sale4 ,x is suppos$ t su* l&s 
are n includ$ 9 ! table4 ,i h also plac$
 ! population ( ea* c\nty = #ahcj1 f !  
c5sus ( t ye>2--rem9d+ ! read] t great  
*anges h s9ce be5 made4                 
----------------------------------------
-------------------------------         
,total ,am\nt                           
,population    ,acres (    ( taxable    
,total ,am\nt      ,c\nties4            

#ahcj4         l&4     prop]ty4    (    
,taxes paid4                            
----------------------------------------
-------------------------------  ,adams 
#ab1bca       #bcd1hbb      #hcb1efe    
#f1iie4da  ,all5                  #egh  
#ad1aei        #ea1bad       #gbe4bh    
,a%tabula           #ad1ehd             
#ddi1gdb     #a1cdg1ijj    #ac1ebd4ig   
,a!ns               #i1ghg              
#cfe1cdh       #dha1egi     #e1hbj4ij   
,belmont             #bh1fbg            
#cja1eaa     #a1eia1gaf    #aa1eij4cc   
,br[n               #ag1hfg             
#bfg1acj     #a1ceh1idd     #h1agi4ce   
,butl]              #bg1adb             
#beg1ihi     #b1ead1jjg    #bj1aaa4ee   
,c>roll               ----              
#ahe1idb       #ebi1ege     #f1hgf4ib   
,*ampaign           #ab1aca             
#bcc1dic       #ijh1ega     #e1ief4ff   
,cl>k               #ac1aad             
#bdg1jhc     #a1aad1iie     #g1gdd4hi   
,cl]mont            #bj1dff             
#bhj1fgi     #a1edb1fbg    #ae1fde4ca   

,cl9ton             #aa1dcf             
#bci1djd       #ghe1ggj     #f1dhb4ad   
,columbiana          #ce1eib            
#cag1gif     #a1dia1jii    #ad1bag4bh   
,co%octon           #aa1afa             
#bdf1abc       #hej1gjh     #i1cjg4bh   
,craw=d             #d1gia              
#gi1ehb       #bag1fge     #c1fcj4ji    
,cuyahoga            #aj1cgc            
#bib1beb     #a1dja1eia    #ah1abb4if   
,d>k                 #f1bjd             
#ajg1gcj       #bfj1bei     #c1cab4ha   
,delaw>e            #aa1ejd             
#cch1hef       #hca1jic     #h1eaf4ff   
,fairfield           #bd1ghf            
#cjh1afc     #a1iib1fig    #ac1gaf4ig   
,fayette              #h1ahb            
#bcd1dcb       #edd1eci     #f1dbh4ih   
,frankl9            #ad1gda             
#cbe1aee     #a1ffc1cae    #ac1bdg4cd   
,gallia               #i1gcc            
#bje1gbg       #dbg1ifb     #d1hbf4ee   
,geauga              #ae1hac            
#cha1chj     #a1dbg1hfi    #ae1hcb4fe   
,gre5e              #ad1hja             

#bea1eab     #a1dda1ijg    #ab1jhb4cf   
,gu]nsey            #ah1jcf             
#bge1feb       #ijh1aji     #i1hee4gb   
,hamilton            #eb1cag            
#bci1abb     #g1gbf1jia    #ig1ecj4db   
,hancock                #hac            
#i1cjb        #ej1ibi       #dba4gj     
,h>d5                 #baj              
#abe1fjg       #aah1dbe     #a1bia4dc   
,h>rison            #bj1iaf             
#bb1dab     #a1jbe1baj    #ab1djj4ig    
,highl&            #af1cde              
#cag1jgi     #a1jfe1hfc     #h1gee4bi   
,hock+              #d1jjh              
#ib1ccb       #bae1bgb     #a1iai4bi    
,holmes               #i1ace            
#ahb1dci       #eef1jfj     #f1cfd4jc   
,huron               #ac1cdf            
#ejd1fhi     #a1eab1fee    #ae1dij4hh   
,jackson              #e1ida            
#eg1hgd       #aig1icb     #b1bci4fi    
,jeff]son           #bb1dhi             
#bcj1ade     #a1hee1jfd    #ac1adi4dd   
,knox                #ag1jhe            
#cac1hbc     #a1beb1bid    #ac1cbi4da   

,lawr5ce             #e1cfg             
#ef1hfb       #bda1ghb     #b1bhj4hj    
,lick+             #bj1hfi              
#cic1bje     #b1aja1die    #ag1cgj4hc   
,logan                #f1ddj            
#bjc1eji       #eai1fbb     #c1ibe4fe   
,lora9               #e1fif             
#cfj1hfc       #hhi1eeb    #aj1eci4ji   
,madison              #f1aij            
#bef1dba       #fjj1egh     #d1fdc4ia   
,m>ion               #f1eea             
#afh1afd       #cij1fjb     #e1eii4gh   
,m$9a               #g1efj              
#bif1beg       #ica1eii    #aj1aih4ca   
,meigs                #f1aeh            
#bbi1jjd       #chj1agb     #e1aaa4eh   
,m]c]               #a1aaj              
#ab1fhh        #ed1aah       #gad4cj    
,miami               #ab1hjg            
#bdj1jic     #a1jjj1gdh     #f1dbc4ji   
,monroe               #h1gfh            
#ie1ebj       #bhj1egb     #c1fff4fa    
,montgom]y          #bd1cfb             
#bfg1cdi     #b1bic1dai    #ad1fdi4ab   
,morgan              #aa1hjj            

#afi1ace       #deb1iia     #d1ide4jb   
,musk+um           #bi1ccd              
#cff1fji     #b1cfb1faf    #ah1efg4ge   
,p]ry               #ac1igj             
#age1abc       #gbi1bda     #f1aaf4ee   
,pickaway            #af1jja            
#cjj1ifi     #a1gih1ffe    #aj1ibd4gf   
,pike                 #f1jbd            
#abi1aec       #eba1aji     #d1aad4cg   
,portage             #ah1hbf            
#dgb1aef     #b1jai1jbi    #ag1ghg4jf   
,preble              #af1bia            
#bdf1fgh     #a1jhf1cbb     #g1dda4hb   
,ri*l&            #bd1jjh       #dcc1fbj
     #a1ced1afi    #ae1jfi4ib  ,ross    
#bd1jfh       #cbh1gfe     #b1hig1fje   
#ag1dgd4ha  ,s&usky             #b1hea  
#ie1hbb       #bge1iib     #c1ced4fd    
,scioto               #h1gdj            
#aje1eci       #ifc1hhb     #g1ibf4ic   
,s5eca               #f1aei             
#ajh1geh       #cjb1jhi     #c1iaf4ea   
,/>k               #bf1ehh              
#cgd1aja     #a1hed1ifg    #af1cfa4cf   
,%elby               #c1fga             

#ff1hfc       #aid1dfh     #a1ifa4bf    
,trumbull            #bf1abc            
#eef1jaa     #a1hjg1gib    #af1fce4eh   
,tusc>awas          #ad1bih             
#bcg1ccg       #ijb1ggh     #h1iee4ge   
,union                #c1aib            
#bei1aja       #chj1ece     #e1aic4fh   
,w>r5              #ba1dfh              
#bdc1eag     #b1adc1jfe    #af1bdg4cc   
,wa%+ton          #aa1gca       #bhb1dih
       #fha1cja     #g1dfc4ab  ,wayne   
#bc1ccc       #chb1bed     #a1dea1iif   
#ad1ehd4gg  ,williams &        #a1jhi   
#ag1gig        #ij1jff     #a1cea4jb    
o!rs n incor4                           
,wood                 #a1ajb            
#ag1iha       #abg1hfb     #a1egb4bb    
----------------------------------------
-------------------------------  ,total 
#icg1ijc    #ag1acc1dha    #gh1jai1ebf  
#gcj1jaj4ge   ,,ohio ,,/ati/ics--#ahcf4 
,f ! ,annual ,report ( ! ,auditor (     
,/ate1 x appe>s !re 7 return$ on !      
,g5]al ,li/ = ,taxation1 #ag1hai1fca    
acres ( l&1 "u ! new valuation1 made "u 

! law ( #ahcc-d4   ,l&s1 includ+        
build+s1 valu$ at          #eh1aff1hba  
,t[n ,lots1 includ+ h\ses1 mills1 etc4  
#ae1gfb1eid  #bfi1bia ,horses1 valu$ at 
#dj ea*1             #aj1dia1fdj        
#dee1dhg ,cattle1 valu$ at #h ea*1      
#d1jdc1hif  ,m]*ants' capital1 & money  
at int]e/1       #g1bfb1ibg  #b1fjc     
,pleasure ,c>riages1 valu$ at           
#aii1eah                                
-----------  ,total am\nt ( taxable     
prop]ty1              #id1dch1jaf  ,on !
 value ( taxable prop]ty1 ! foll[+ taxes
 7 levi$3   ,/ate & ,canal tax1         
#adb1hed4ae  ,c\nty & ,s*ool tax1       
#cif1eje4hj  ,road tax1                 
#ff1dhb4af  ,t[n%ip tax1                
#ajb1iia4fe  ,corporation1 ,jail1 &     
,bridge tax1           #ea1bgf4hi       
,physicians' & ,lawy]s' tax1            
#c1add4ai  ,s*ool-,h\se tax1            
#a1dhb4hd  ,del9qu5cies ( =m] ye>s1     
#ac1jdd4cg                              
-----------  ,total taxes1              
#ggg1ghb4jg  ,no returns 7 made f !     

c\nties ( ,craw=d1 ,hancock1 ,jeff]son &
 ,williams4   ,,canal ,,rev5ues4  ,!    
total am\nt ( receipts = tolls1 = ! ye> 
end+ on ! #ca/ ( ,octob]1 #ahce1 0 z    
foll[s3   ,,ohio ,,canal4   ,cleavel&1  
#gb1gah4gb      ,new>k1       #bj1dhg4he
  ,akron1         #f1cfb4ij             
,columbus1       #d1fje4cg  ,massillon1 
#ac1ehe4gh      ,circleville1           
#i1fea4dd  ,dov]1         #h1jif4db     
,*illico!1   #ab1acd4ge  ,roscoe1       
#ad1eee4hc      ,portsm\?1    #bc1aah4gh
               ----------               
----------               #aae1cai4de    
#fi1iih4jj                              
#aae1cai4de                             
-----------  ,total1                    
#ahe1cag4de  ,,miami ,,canal4   ,dayton1
                                        
#ad1jaf4ge  ,middleton1                 
#h1gdg4ai  ,hamilton1                   
#c1ffd4hh  ,c9c9nati1                   
#be1hjc4gg                              
----------  ,total1                     
#eb1bcb4ei                              

----------  ,total tolls receiv$ on bo? 
canals1                #bcg1eej4jd      
,d$uct cont+5t exp5ses on ,ohio canal1  
#e1hcf4je  ,d4 on ,miami canal1         
#b1ied4fh--h1gij4gc                     
------------                            
#bbh1gei4ca   ,toll receiv$ on ,lanca/] 
,lat4 ,canal1                 #a1jfb4ef 
,f wat] r5ts & sale ( ,/ate ,lots1      
#c1gjj4jg  ,arre>ages paid ( ,tolls     
receiv$ 9 ,octob]1 #ahcd1    #g1hce4bf  
-----------                             
#bdb1ceg4bj  ,,population ,,( ,,ohio    
,,at ,,diff]5t ,,p]iods4   ,9           
,population4  ,f          ,increase4    
#agij1    ab\t          #c1jjj  #agij to
 #ahjj1    #db1cfe  #ahjj1              
#de1cfe  #ahjj   #ahaj1   #ahe1cie      
#ahaj1                #bcj1gfj  #ahaj   
#ahbj1   #cej1fgd  #ahbj1               
#eha1dcd  #ahbj   #ahcj1   #cef1dfi     
#ahcj1                #icg1ijc  #ahcj   
#ahce1   #dcg1jig  #ahce1 e/imat$1      
#a1cge1jjj   ,riv]s4--,! /reams :i* fl[ 
into ! ,ohio riv]1 are ! ,mahon+a bran* 

( ! ,beav]1 ,little ,beav]1 ,musk+um1   
,hockhock+1 ,scioto1 ,little ,miami1 &  
,great ,miami4 ,^? :i* fl[ f ! nor?w>d  
into lake ,erie1 are ! ,maumee1         
,portage1 ,s&usky1 ,huron1 ,cuyahoga1   
,gr&1 & ,a%tabula4 ,h5ce ! ,/ate is     
divid$ into two unequal incl9$ planes1 !
 longe/ ( :i* slopes t[>ds ! ,ohio1 & ! 
%orte/ t[>ds ! lake4 ,! head wat]s ( !  
,musk+um1 ,scioto & ,miami1 int]lock )  
^? ( ! ,cuyahoga1 ,s&usky1 & ,maumee1 s 
z to r5d] ! con/ruction ( canals n only 
practicable1 b comp>atively easy4 ,all !
 l>ge /reams are n[ navigable = boats   
dur+ ! spr+ season4  ,int]nal           
,improvem5ts4--,^! consi/ ( canals1     
rail-roads1 turnpike roads1 & !         
,national road1 n[ "u ! sup]vision (1 & 
own$ by1 ! ,/ate4 ,! canall+ is manag$  
by a ,bo>d ( ,commission]s4 ,! ,/ate    
canals 7 project$ ab\t #ahbc1 &1        
consid]+ ! y\?ful "* ( ! ,/ate1 its want
 ( funds & o!r circum/ances1 !y are1    
und\bt$ly1 ! greate/ works ev] execut$ 9
 ,am]ica4  ,! ,ohio & ,erie ,canal      

connects lake ,erie ) ! ,ohio riv]4 ,x  
comm5ces at ,cleavel&1 at ! m\? ( !     
,cuyahoga1 passes along t riv] & its    
tribut>ies1 to ! summit level1 f !nce to
 ! wat]s ( ! ,musk+um1 & to ! bord] (   
,musk+um c\nty2 f !nce x /rikes across !
 c\ntry pa/ ,new>k1 9 ,lick+ c\nty1 &   
/rikes ! ,scioto1 d[n ! valley ( :i* x  
proce$s to its m\?1 at ,portsm\?4 ,!    
pr9cipal places on ! canal are ,akron1  
,new ,portage1 ,massillon1 ,boliv>1 ,new
 ,philadelphia1 ,co%octon1 ,new>k1      
,bloomfield1 ,circleville1 ,*illico!1   
,piketon1 & ,portsm\?4 ,x 0 comm5c$ on !
 #d? ( ,july1 #ahbe1 & complet$ 9 #ahcb2
 &1 toge!r ) ! ,miami canal to ,dayton1 
co/ ab\t #e1ejj1jjj1 & has greatly      
enri*$ ! ,/ate & ! p4 ,private prop]ty  
along its l9e has ris5 f five to t5     
fold4  ,,l5g? ,,( ,,ohio ,,& ,,erie     
,,canal4                                
,miles4  ,ma9 trunk f ,cleavel& to      
,portsm\?1                   #caj       
,navigable fe$] f ma9 trunk to          
,columbus1                #aa           

,navigable fe$] f ma9 trunk to          
,granville1                #f  ,musk+um 
side cut1 f ! ,musk+um riv] at ,dresd51 
#c  ,navigable fe$] f ! ,tusc>awas riv]1
                   #c  ,navigable fe$] f
 ! ,walhond+ riv]1                   #a 
---  ,total l5g? ( ,ohio canal &        
bran*es1                    #ccd  ,!    
,miami ,canal comm5ces at ,c9c9nati1 &1 
pass+ ?r\gh ! t[ns ( ,read+1 ,hamilton1 
,middlet[n1 ,frankl91 & ,miamisburg1    
t]m9ates at ,dayton1 #fe miles4 ,x has  
be5 navigat$ f ,dayton to ! head ( ,ma9 
/reet1 ,c9c9nati1 s9ce ! spr+ ( #ahbi4  
,an ext5sion ( ! "w is n[ 9 progress1 to
 be c>ri$ along ! vallies ( ,/4 ,m>y's &
 ,au ,glaise riv]s1 & unite ) ! ,waba% &
 ,erie canal1 at ,defiance2 di/ance f   
,c9c9nati ab\t #aij miles4  ,an act     
pass$ ! ,ohio legislature 9 #ahcd1 =    
cont9u+ ! ,waba% & ,erie canal1 7n[     
con/ruct+ 9 ,indiana1 by t ,/ate17 f !  
we/]n b\nd>y ( ,ohio1 to ! ,maumee bay4 
,op]ations h be5 susp5d$ by ! b\nd>y    
dispute ) ,mi*igan4  ,! ,mahon+ & ,beav]

 ,canal has already be5 notic$1 "u !    
head ( ,we/]n ,p5nsylvania4 ,x is       
propos$ to c>ry x f ,akron1 on !        
,portage summit1 along ! valley ( !     
,mahon+ riv]1 to ,newca/le1 on ! ,beav] 
division ( ! ,p5nsylvania canal4        
,di/ance 9 ,ohio1 #gg miles4 ,! "w is 9 
progress4  ,! ,s&y ,creek & ,little     
,beav] ,canal is 9 progress by a *>t]$  
company4 ,x comm5ces ne> ! t[n (        
,boliv>1 on ! ,ohio & ,erie canal1 9    
,tusc>awas c\nty1 & passes along ne> !  
l9e ( ,/>k & ,c>roll c\nties to !       
,little ,beav] 9 ,columbiana c\nty1 & f 
!nce to ! ,ohio riv]4  ,! ,mad ,riv] &  
,s&usky ,rail-,road w ext5d f ,dayton1  
on ! ,miami canal1 to ,s&usky1 ?r\gh    
,spr+field1 ,urbanna1 ,bellefonta9e1    
,upp] ,s&usky1 ,tiff91 & d[n ! valley ( 
! ,s&usky riv] to lake ,erie4 ,! r\te is
 rem>kably favorable = locomotive p[]4  
,l5g? #aec miles2 e/imat$ co/1 #aa1jjj  
p] mile4 ,! "w 0 comm5c$ 9 ,septemb]1   
#ahce4  ,! ,erie & ,ohio ,rail-,road is 
int5d$ to be con/ruct$ f ,a%tabula on ! 

lake1 ?r\gh ,w>r5 to ,wellsville1 on !  
,ohio riv]1 a di/ance ( #ij miles4 ,o!r 
rail-roads are 9 contemplation 9 ?is    
,/ate1 ! mo/ important ( :i* is ! ,great
 ,we/]n ,rail-,road1 f ,bo/on1 by       
,worce/]1 ,spr+field1 & ,/ockbridge1    
?r\gh ,new ,york1 by ,albany1 ,utica &  
,buffalo1 along ! summit ridge1 divid+ !
 nor!rn f ! s\!rn wat]s1 ?r\gh          
,p5nsylvania1 ,ohio1 to int]sect !      
,waba% & ,erie canal at ,la ,fayette1 9 
,indiana4 ,f !nce provision is already  
made = x to pass to ! ea/]n b\nd>y (    
,ill9ois1 f :i*1 a company has be5      
rec5tly *>t]$ to con/ruct x across !    
,/ate ( ,ill9ois by ,danville1          
,%elbyville1 ,hillsbor\gh1 to ,alton on 
! ,mississippi4 ,x mu/ be "s unt[>d     
circum/ance t %all prev5t ?is spl5did "w
 f be+ complet$ ! :ole l5g? be=e #ahej4 
,! project ( a rail-road f ,c9c9nati1 to
 ,*>le/on 9 ,s\? ,c>ol9a1 has be5 ent]$ 
^u ) great _s 9 ! ,s\?1 & 9 all ! ,/ates
 m directly conc]n$ 9 ! ent]prise4 ,x w1
 und\bt$ly1 be c>ri$ into effect4  ,!   

,/ate ( ,ohio has incorporat$ a numb] ( 
turnpike companies1 "s ( :i* h gone into
 op]ation4 ,! fir/ is ne> ! nor?-ea/]n  
corn] ( ! ,/ate1 f ,pi]pont1 ?r\gh      
,monroe & ,salem t[n%ips to ! m\? (     
,conneant creek1 #af miles long4 ,!     
second is ! ,trumbull & ,a%tabula       
turnpike1 lead+ f ,w>r5 to ,a%tabula1   
#dh miles4 ,! ?ird is f ! t[n ( ,woo/]1 
?r\gh ,m$9a1 to ,cleavel&1 #ea miles4 ,!
 f\r? is f ,columbus to ,s&usky1 #ajf   
miles1 n[ 9 ! c\rse ( con/ruction4      
,ano!r f ,c9c9nati1 ?r\gh ,lebanon &    
,columbus1 to ,woo/]1 has be5 comm5c$ on
 ! ,mc,adamized plan1 b is n complet$4  
,a ,mc,adam turnpike f ,c9c9nati to     
,*illico! is 9 progress4 ,! ,national   
road1 con/ruct$ by ! g5]al gov]nm5t1 &  
transf]r$ to ! ,/ate1 passes f ,:eel+1  
?r\gh ,columbus to ! ,indiana l9e4      
,manufactures4--,! pr9cipal factory =   
wooll5 goods is at ,/eub5ville4 ,a numb]
 ( cotton factories are 9 ! t[ns along !
 ,ohio riv]4 ,furnaces = smelt+ iron ore
 are 9 op]ation 9 ! c\nties bord]+ on ! 

,ohio1 ne> ! m\? ( ! ,scioto4 ,glass is 
manufactur$ 9 sev]al t[ns4 ,consid]able 
salt is made on ! ,musk+um bel[         
,zanesville1 on ! ,scioto1 & on ,yell[  
creek above ,/eub5ville4 ,ab\t half a   
million ( bu%els 7 made 9 ! ,/ate 9     
#ahcj4  ,c9c9nati rivals ,pittsburg 9 ! 
numb]1 v>iety & ext5t ( its manufactur+ 
op]ations4  ,9 e t[n & village ?r\gh !  
,/ate1 me*anics' %ops are e/abli%$ = !  
manufacture ( all articles ( ord9>y use4
  ,cities & ,t[ns4--,to ent] ^u m9ute   
descriptions1 or ev5 "n all ^!1 w\ld mu*
 exce$ ! b\nds ( ?is "w4  ,,c9c9nati is 
! great comm]cial emporium ( ! ,/ate4 ,x
 is pleasantly situat$ on ! "r or nor!rn
 bank ( ! ,ohio riv]1 ab\t equidi/ant f 
,pittsburg & its m\?1 9 ,n4 lat4 #ci    
deg4 #jf'1 & ,w4 lon4 f ,wa%+ton city #g
 deg4 #be'4  ,directly front+ ! city to 
! s\?1 & on ! opposite side ( ! ,ohio   
riv]1 are ! fl\ri%+ manufactur+ t[ns (  
,newport & ,cov+ton1 :i* are sep>at$ by 
! ,lick+ riv]1 ( ,k5tucky1 :i* ent]s !  
,ohio directly opposite ! ,c9c9nati l&+4

  ,! :>f arrangem5ts are ! mo/ conv5i5t1
 = lad+ & unlad+ goods at all /ages ( ! 
wat]1 to be f\nd on our we/]n riv]s4 ,! 
t[n site is beautifully situat$ on !    
fir/ & second banks ( ! riv]--! =m] (   
:i* is above ord9>y high wat]1 & ! latt]
 g5tly rises sixty or sev5ty feet high]1
 & spreads out into a semicircul> pla91 
surr\nd$ ) elevat$ bluffs4  ,c9c9nati 0 
f\nd$ 9 #aghi1 b did n gr[ rapidly till 
ab\t #ahjh4 ,! progressive increase (   
population w appe> f ! foll[+ table3    
#ahaj1     #b1cbj    #ahbf1             
#af1bcj  #ahac1     #d1jjj    #ahcj1    
#bf1eae  #ahai1    #aj1jjj    #ahce1    
e/imat$1 #ca1jjj  #ahbd1    #ab1jaf     
,add ! adjo9+ t[ns ( ,cov+ton &         
,newport1 ^: int]e/s are id5tifi$1 & !  
aggregate population w equal #ce1jjj2 &1
 9 all reasonable probability1 9 #ahej1 
^! t[ns1 ) ,c9c9nati1 w numb] #ajj1jjj  
active1 educat$1 & ent]pris+ citiz5s4 ,9
 #ahbf1 accord+ to ! ,picture (         
,c9c9nati1 by ,b4 ,drake1 ,esq4 & ,e4   
,d4 ,mansfield1 ,esq41 ! manufactur+    

indu/ry alone1 accord+ to an accurate   
/ati/ical exam9ation1 am\nt$ to         
#a1hjj1jjj doll>s4 ,at t "t !re 7 n m   
?an fifte5 /eam eng9es employ$ 9        
manufactures 9 ! city4 ,at ! close (    
#ahce1 !re 7 m ?an fifty 9 successful   
op]ation1 besides f\r or five 9 ,newport
 & ,cov+ton4 ,m ?an #ajj /eam eng9es1   
ab\t #bdj cotton g9s1 upw>ds ( #bj      
sug>-mills1 & #bb /eamboats--_m ( !m ( !
 l>ge/ size--h be5 built or manufactur$ 
9 ,c9c9nati1 dur+ ! ye> #ahce4aj ,h5ce !
 productive indu/ry ( ,c9c9nati1        
,cov+ton & ,newport1 = #ahce1 may be    
e/imat$ at #e1jjj1jjj ( doll>s4 ,by a   
labori\s inve/igation1 at ! close (     
#ahbf1 by ! same writ]1 ! exports ( t   
ye> 7 ab\t #a1jjj1jjj ( doll>s 9 value4 
,a simil> inquiry induc$ him to place ! 
exports ( #ahcb at #d1jjj1jjj4 ,!       
e/imate = #ahce1 is #f1jjj1jjj4  ,to    
enum]ate all ! public & private edifices
 des]v+ notice1 w\ld ext5d ?is article  
to too great a l5g?4 ,! c\rt h\se1 f\r  
m>ket h\ses1 banks1 college1 ,ca?olic   

,a!naeum1 two m$ical colleges1          
,me*anics' ,in/itute1 two museums1      
hospital & ,lunatics' ,asylum1 ,woodw>d 
high s*ool1 t5 or twelve l>ge edifices =
 free s*ools1 hotels1 & betwe5          
tw5ty-five & ?irty h\ses = public       
wor%ip1 "s ( :i* are elegant1 des]ve    
notice4 ,! type f\ndry & pr9t+-press    
manufactory1 is "o ( ! mo/ ext5sive 9 ! 
,unit$ ,/ates4 ,"h is ma*9]y1 lately    
inv5t$1 = ca/+ pr9t]'s types1 exce$+1   
p]haps1 any?+ 9 ! _w4 ,pr9t+1 & !       
manufacture ( books1 are ext5sively     
c>ri$ on 9 ?is city4 ,"h are six l>ge   
book/ores1 sev]al b9d]ies1 twelve or    
fifte5 pr9t+-(fices1 f :i* are issu$ t5 
weekly1 f\r triweekly1 f\r daily1 f\r   
mon?ly1 & "o qu>t]ly publications4 ,two 
m$ical publications1 ( a highly         
respectable "*1 are issu$4 ,! ,we/]n    
,mon?ly ,magaz9e is too well kn[n to ne$
 special notice "h4 ,! ,c9c9nati ,mirror
 is a respectable lit]>y p]iodical4 ,!  
,presbyt]ians1 ,bapti/s1 ,me?odi/s1     
,roman ,ca?olics1 &1 p]haps1 o!r sects1 

h ea* _! weekly pap]1 respectable 9 size
 & "*4 ,dur+ f\r mon?s1 9 #ahca1 !re 7  
issu$ f ! ,c9c9nati press1 #hf1jjj      
volumes1 ( :i* #bj1cjj 7 orig9al works4 
,9 ! same p]iod1 ! p]iodical press issu$
 #bdc1bjj pr9t$ %eets4 ,! bus9ess has   
increas$ greatly s9ce t "t4  ,! ,college
 ( ,pr(essional ,tea*]s1 is an          
in/itution =m$ at ! conv5tion ( tea*]s1 
held 9 ?is city1 9 ,octob]1 #ahcb4 ,its 
objects are to unite ! pr(essional      
in/ruct]s ( y\? ?r\gh\t ! ,we/]n c\ntry 
9 ! cause 9 :i* !y are engag$1 & to     
elevate ! "* ( ! pr(ession4 ,_! meet+s  
are held on ! fir/ ,monday 9 ,octob]    
annually4 ,lectures are giv51           
discussions held1 reports made1 & a     
respectable volume ( transactions       
publi%$ annually4 ,!re is no d\bt t mu* 
good w result to ! cause ( education 9 !
 ,we/1 f ?is annual convocation4  ,law  
,s*ool4--,an in/itution ( ?is "* has be5
 organiz$1 "u ! managem5t ( ,hon4 ,j4   
,c4 ,wright1 & o!r g5tlem5 ( ! b>4  ,(  
,m$ical ,s*ools !re are two1 at ! heads 

( :i* are g5tlem5 ( high "* & atta9m5ts 
9 _! pr(ession4  ,! ,me*anics' ,in/itute
 is design$ = ! diffusion ( sci5tific k 
among ! me*anics & citiz5s g5]ally1 by  
means ( popul> lectures & mutual        
in/ruction4 ,! ,c9c9nati ,lyceum 0 =m$ =
 ! purpose ( useful in/ruction &        
ent]ta9m5t1 by means ( popul> lectures &
 debates4 ,! ,academic ,in/itute is     
design$ to aid ! cause ( education1 &   
elevate ! pr(ession1 among/ ! tea*]s 9  
,c9c9nati4 ,its meet+s are mon?ly4 ,!   
,a!naeum is an in/itution "u ! managem5t
 ( ,roman ,ca?olic ,prie/s4 ,! college  
edifice is a spl5did & p]man5t build+1 (
 great capacity4 ,! ,woodw>d ,high      
,s*ool 0 f\nd$ by ! late ,william       
,woodw>d4 ,! fund yields an income (    
ab\t #bjjj annually4 ,x is conduct$ by  
f\r pr(essors1 & has ab\t "o hundr$ &   
tw5ty /ud5ts4 ,! corporation has        
e/abli%$ a sy/em ( free s*ools1 design$ 
to ext5d ! b5efits ( prim>y education to
 all classes1 & t5 or twelve l>ge       
edifices h be5 erect$ = ! purpose4 ,i   

regret ! want ( docum5ts to give        
p>ticul>s ( ?is lib]al & praisewor?y    
ent]prise1 :i* reflects mu* honor ^u !  
city & its honorable corporation4 ,9    
#ahcc1 !re 7 tw5ty public s*ools = males
 & females1 & two ?\s& pupils4 ,_m      
excell5t private s*ools & sem9>ies1 "s (
 des]v$ celebrity1 are su/a9$ by        
individual ent]prise4  ,,columbus1 !    
political capital ( ! ,/ate1 & ne>ly 9 !
 c5tre ( ! ,/ate1 is a beautiful city1  
on ! ea/ bank ( ! ,scioto riv]4 ,9      
#ahab1 x 0 cov]$ ) a d5se =e/1 :5 x 0   
select$ by ! legislature = ! p]man5t    
seat ( gov]nm5t4 ,! public build+s are a
 /ate h\se1 a c\rt h\se = ! ,supreme    
,c\rt1 a build+ = ! public (fices1 a    
m>ket h\se1 c41 all ( brick4 ,! ,/ate   
p5it5ti>y is "h1 = :i* a new sub/antial 
build+ is con/ruct+1 & an ,asylum = !   
deaf & dumb1 su/a9$ by legislative aid4 
,*illico!1 ,cleavel&1 ,zanesville1      
,/eub5ville1 ,circleville & _m o!rs1 are
 l>ge & fl\ri%+ t[ns4                   
,education4--,*>t]s = eight or t5       

colleges & collegiate in/itutions h be5 
grant$4 ,congress has grant$ #ib1hjj    
acres ( public l& to ?is ,/ate1 =       
colleges & academies4 ,"o t[n%ip1       
7#bc1jdj acres17 & a v valuable "o1 has 
be5 giv5 to ! ,miami ,univ]sity1 at     
,ox=d4 ,two t[n%ips ( l&1 7#df1jhj      
acres17 ?\gh ( inf]ior quality1 h be5   
giv5 to ! ,ohio ,univ]sity4 ,academies h
 be5 e/abli%$ 9 mo/ ( ! pr9cipal t[ns4  
,a common s*ool sy/em has be5 e/abli%$  
by ! legislature4 ,ea* t[n%ip has be5   
divid$ into s*ool di/ricts4 ,taxes are  
levi$ to ! am\nt ( ?ree f\r?s ( a mill  
^u ! doll> ( taxable prop]ty 9 ! ,/ate1 
:i*1 ) ! int]e/ accru+ f ! diff]5t s*ool
 funds already notic$1 are appli$ t[>ds 
! exp5ses ( tuition4 ,five s*ool exam9]s
 are appo9t$ 9 ea* c\nty1 by ! ,c\rt (  
,common ,pleas1 :o are to exam9e tea*]s4
 ,! gov]nor1 9 8 rec5t ,message1 speaks 
( ! common s*ool sy/em z langui%+ 9     
proportion to o!r improvem5ts4  ,=m (   
,gov]nm5t4--,! legislative au?ority is  
ve/$ 9 a ,s5ate & ,h\se (               

,repres5tatives2 bo? ( :i*1             
collectively1 are /yl$ ! ,g5]al         
,assembly4 ,! memb]s ( bo? bran*es are  
*os5 by c\nties1 or by di/ricts compos$ 
( c\nties1 accord+ to population4 ,!    
repres5tatives are *os5 annually2 !     
s5ators bi5nially4 ,! ,g5]al ,assembly  
has ! sole p[] ( enact+ laws2 !         
signature or ass5t ( ! gov]nor n be+    
necess>y 9 any case :atev]4 ,! judici>y 
sy/em comprises ?ree grades ( c\rts3--! 
,supreme ,c\rt1 ,c\rts ( ,common ,pleas1
 & ,ju/ices' ,c\rts4 ,! ju/ices ( !     
peace are *os5 tri5nially1 by ! p4 ,!   
executive au?ority is ve/$ 9 a gov]nor1 
:o is elect$ bi5nially1 & mu/ be ?irty  
ye>s ( age1 & h resid$ 9 ! ,/ate at lea/
 f\r ye>s4 ,he is comm&]-9-*ief ( all ! 
militia1 & commissions all (fic]s 9 !   
,/ate1 bo? civil & milit>y4 ,ea* free1  
:ite1 male citiz5 ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 (  
tw5ty-"o ye>s ( age1 & a resid5t ( !    
,/ate "o ye> prec$+ an election1 is     
entitl$ to a vote 9 all elections4  ,!  
foll[+ %[s ! pr(essions1 occupations1 & 

nativity ( ! memb]s ( ! legislature (   
,ohio1 dur+ ! pres5t w9t]1 7#ahce-f17 & 
is ab\t a proportionate e/imate = o!r   
,we/]n ,/ates3--  ,! memb]s ( ! ,ohio   
legislature1 z to _! occupations &      
pr(essions1 are3--f>m]s1 #ec2 lawy]s1   
#ag2 m]*ants1 #ac2 doctors1 #e2 pr9t]s1 
#c2 surveyors1 #b2 mill]s1 #b2 masons1  
#b2 c>p5t]s1 #b2 pa9t]1 #a2 wat*-mak]1  
#a2 blacksmi?1 #a2 h\se jo9]1 #a4  ,_!  
nativity is z foll[s3--,ohio1 #g2       
,p5nsylvania1 #cj2 ,virg9ia1 #bb2 ,new  
,engl& ,/ates1 #ag2 ,m>yl&1 #h2 ,new    
,york1 #g2 ,new ,j]sey1 #d2 ,k5tucky1   
#c2 ,delaw>e1 #b2 ,nor? ,c>ol9a1 #a2    
,irel&1 #e2 ,engl&1 #a2 ,g]many1 #a4  ,!
 y\nge/ memb] 9 ! ,s5ate1 is #cc ye>s ( 
age1 & ! olde/ #ef4 ,9 ! ,h\se1 ! y\nge/
 #bf2 olde/ #fg4 ,"u ! ,con/itution1 a  
s5ator mu/ be #cj2 & a memb] ( ! ,h\se1 
#bf4  ,antiquities4--,mu* has be5 said  
ab\t ! antiquities ( ,ohio1--!          
=tifications1 artificial m\nds1 &       
milit>y works1 suppos$ to indicate a    
race ( civiliz$ p1 z ! possessors ( !   

c\ntry1 ant]ior to ! ,indian nations4   
,at ,m>ietta1 ,circleville1 ,pa9t       
,creek1 & "s o!r places1 are1 d\btless1 
antiquities1 t exhibit$1 ^u _! fir/     
discov]y1 /rong m>ks ( a milit>y        
purpose4 ,i h no d\bt1 h[ev]1 t cr$ulity
 & en?usiasm h greatly exagg]at$ _m     
appe>ances 9 ! ,we/1 & magnifi$ !m into 
works ( va/ ent]prise & labor4 ,m\nds ( 
e>? are f\nd 9 e c\ntry on ! globe1 (   
all =ms & sizes2 & :y %\ld !y n exi/ 9 !
 we/]n valley8 ,mr4 ,fl9t /ates t he has
 se5 a horse %oe dug up at ! dep? (     
?irty-five feet bel[ ! surface1 ) nails 
9 x1 & mu* erod$ by ru/4 ,he m5tions    
also a sword1 :i* is said to be pres]v$ 
z a curiosity1 b :i* he _h n se51 f\nd  
enclos$ 9 ! wood ( ! roots ( a tree1 :i*
 c\ld n h be5 less ?an five hundr$ ye>s 
old6 ,^? :o delight especially 9 !      
m>vell\s1 may consult ! ,description ( !
 ,antiquities discov]$ 9 ! ,/ate (      
,ohio1 & o!r ,we/]n ,/ates1 by ,caleb   
,atwat]1 ,esq4  ,hi/ory4--,! fir/       
p]man5t settlem5t ( ,ohio1 0 made at    

,m>ietta1 on ! #g? day ( ,april1 #aghh1 
by #dg p]sons f ,massa*usetts1 ,rhode   
,isl&1 & ,connecticut4 ,?is 0 ! nucleus 
ar\nd :i* has gr[n up ! popul\s ,/ate ( 
,ohio4 ,among/ ! mo/ active promot]s (  
?is colony1 7 ^? call$ !n ,! ,ohio      
,company4 ,! next settlem5t 0 t (       
,symmes' pur*ase1 made at ,columbia1 six
 miles above ,c9c9nati1 9 ,nov4 #aghi1  
by ,major ,/iles & tw5ty-five o!rs1 "u !
 direction ( ,judge ,symmes4 ,a colony (
 ,fr5* emigrants settl$ at ,gallipolis 9
 #agia4 ,9 #agif settlem5ts 7 made by   
,new ,engl& emigrants at ,cleavel& &    
,conneant1 on ! s\!rn %ore ( lake ,erie4
 ,! int]m$iate c\ntry gradually fill$ up
 by emigration f v>i\s p>ts ( ! ,unit$  
,/ates4 ,"s slight div]sity exi/s1 9    
diff]5t sections ( ! ,/ate1 9 mann]s1   
cu/oms1 & feel+s1 among/ ! p1 9         
accordance ) ! ,/ates or c\ntries f :i* 
!y or _! fa!rs emigrat$4 ,^! %ades ( "* 
w become bl5d$1 & ! next g5]ation w be  
,ohians1 or1 to use _! own native       
cognom51 ,buckeyes4  ,9 ,sept41 #agij1 !

 fir/ t]ritorial legislature conv5$ at  
,c9c9nati4 ,! gov]nor hav+ ex]cis$ 8 "r 
( veto 9 relation to ! removal ( a c\nty
 seat1 an unhappy collision foll[$1 &1  
^u fram+ ! ,/ate ,con/itution1 9 ,nov41 
#ahjb1 ! conv5tion prev5t$ ! gov]nor ( !
 ,/ate f ev] ex]cis+ ! negative p[] ^u  
acts ( ! legislature4  ,,date ,,(       
,,organization ,,( ,,"s ,,( ,,! ,,olde/ 
,,c\nties4   ,wa%+ton1       ,july #bg?1
          #aghh  ,hamilton1             
,jan4 #b;d1            #agij  ,adams1   
,july #aj?1          #agig  ,jeff]son1  
,july #bi?1          #agig  ,ross1      
,augu/ #bj?1        #agih  ,trumbull1   
,july #aj?1          #ahjj  ,cl]mont1   
,decemb] #f?1       #ahjj  ,belmont     
,septemb] #g?1      #ahja  ,^! 7 all    
organiz$ "u ! t]ritorial gov]nm5t4      
,,indiana4  ,l5g? #bdj1 bread? #aej     
miles4 ,betwe5 #cg deg4 #dh' ,n4        
latitude1 & #g deg4 #de' & #aa deg4 ,w4 
longitude4 ,b\nd$ nor? by ! ,/ate (     
,mi*igan & lake ,mi*igan1 ea/ by ,ohio1 
s\? by ! ,ohio riv]1 :i* sep>ates x f   

,k5tucky1 & we/ by ,ill9ois4 ,x conta9s 
ab\t #cg1jjj squ>e miles1 equal to      
#bc1fhj1jjj acres4  ,x is naturally     
subdivid$ into ! hilly portion1 bord]+  
on ! ,ohio2 ! level1 timb]$ portion1    
ext5d+ across ! middle ( ! ,/ate2 !     
,waba% c\ntry1 on t riv]2 & ! nor!rn    
portion bord]+ on ! ,/ate ( ,mi*igan & !
 lake4 ,! two la/ portions include ne>ly
 all ! prairie c\ntry4  ,= civil        
purposes1 ?is ,/ate has be5 divid$ into 
c\nties1 & ^? subdivid$ into t[n%ips4   
,,table4                                
----------------------------------------
----------------------------            
,be>+ &                ,date (          
,squ>e,population                       
di/ance f  ,,c\nties4   ,=mation4miles4 
#ahcj4  ,,seats ,,(                     
,,ju/ice4,indianopolis4                 
----------------------------------------
----------------------------  ,all51    
#ahbc    #gbj     #a1jjj   ,=t ,wayne1  
,b>?olomew1   #ahba    #ehh     #e1hjj  
,columbus1         ,boon1          #ahcj

    #djj       #fbb   ,lebanon1         
,c>roll1       #ahbh    #dej     #a1fad 
,delphi1           ,cass1          #ahbi
    #dfj     #a1aed   ,logansport1      
,cl>k1         #ahjb    #djj    #aj1gai 
,*>le/[n1      ,clay1          #ahbe    
#cfj     #a1faf   ,b[l+ ,gre51          
,cl9ton1       #ahcj    #dej     #a1dbc 
,frank=t1        ,craw=d1      #ahah    
#cej     #c1ahd   ,fr$onia1             
,daviess1       #ahaf    #dfj     #d1eab
   ,wa%+ton1       ,de>born1      #ahjb 
#ddh    #ad1egc   ,lawr5ceburgh1        
,decatur1       #ahba    #djj     #e1hed
   ,gre5sburgh1      ,delaw>e1          
#ahbg    #djj     #b1cgb   ,munciet[n1  
,dubois1        #ahag    #dbj     #a1ggd
   ,jasp]1           ,elkh>t1           
#ahcj    #egf       #ice   ,go%51       
,fayette1       #ahah    #bjj     #i1aab
   ,conn]sville1     ,floyd1            
#ahai    #bjj     #f1cfc   ,new ,albany1
       ,f\nta91      #ahbe    #djj      
#g1fdd   ,cov+ton1        ,frankl91     
#ahaj    #djj    #aj1aii   ,brookville1 

,gibson1        #ahac    #dej     #e1dag
   ,pr9ceton1        ,grant1            
#ahca    #dae      ----   ,m>ion1       
,gre5e1        #ahba    #edj     #d1bej 
,bloomfield1       ,hamilton1      #ahbc
    #djj     #a1gje   ,noblesville1     
,hancock1       #ahbh    #cdj     #a1efi
   ,gre5field1       ,h>rison1          
#ahjh    #dgj    #aj1bhh   ,corydon1    
,h5dricks1     #ahbc    #dbj     #c1ifg 
,danville1         ,h5ry1         #ahba 
#ddj     #f1dih   ,newca/le1            
,hunt+ton1    #ahcb    #djj      ----   
,jackson1       #ahae    #ejj     #d1hid
   ,br[n/[n1       ,jeff]son1     #ahji 
#djj    #aa1dfe   ,madison1             
,j5n+s1      #ahaf    #djj     #c1iej   
,v]non1           ,johnson1       #ahbb 
#cjj     #d1acj   ,frankl91             
,knox1          #ahjb    #edj     #f1eeg
   ,v9c5nes1        ,la ,porte1         
#ahcb    #dbj      ----   ,la ,porte1   
,lagrange1      #ahcb    #chj      ---- 
,mongoqu9on1      ,lawr5ce1      #ahah  
#dfj     #i1bcg   ,b$=d1                

,madison1       #ahbc    #dbj     #b1ddb
   ,&]sont[n1     ,m>ion1        #ahba  
#ddj     #g1aha   ,,indianopolis1       
,m>t91        #ahah    #cdj     #b1jaj  
,m\nt ,pleasant1   ,miami1         #ahcb
    #ccj      ----   ,miamisport1       
,monroe1        #ahah    #efj     #f1egh
   ,bloom+ton1      ,montgom]y1    #ahbb
    #ejj     #g1cgf   ,craw=dsville1    
,morgan1        #ahba    #ecj     #e1egi
   ,m>t9sville1     ,orange1            
#ahae    #cgh     #g1iji   ,paoli1      
,ow51          #ahah    #chj     #d1jfj 
,sp5c]1          ,p>ke1         #ahba   
#dej     #g1ecd   ,rockville1           
,p]ry1         #ahad    #djj     #c1cgh 
,rome1             ,pike1          #ahaf
    #dcj     #b1dfd   ,pet]sburgh1      
,posey1         #ahad    #ejj     #f1hhc
   ,m\nt ,v]non1     ,putnam1           
#ahba    #dij     #h1aie   ,gre5ca/le1  
,r&olph1      #ahah    #ddj     #c1iab  
,w9*e/]1       ,ripley1        #ahah    
#djj     #c1ieg   ,v]sailles1           
,ru%1          #ahba    #djj     #i1iah 

,ru%ville1        ,scott1         #ahag 
#bjj     #c1jig   ,lex+ton1             
,%elby1        #ahba    #dcj     #f1bid 
,%elbyville1      ,sp5c]1       #ahah   
#djj     #c1ahg   ,rockport1         ,/4
 ,joseph1    #ahcj    #gdj       #bhg   
,s\? ,b5d1       ,sullivan1      #ahaf  
#dcj     #d1fif   ,m]om1                
,switz]l&1   #ahad    #cjj     #g1aaa   
,vevay1            ,tippecanoe1    #ahbf
    #ejj     #g1afa   ,la ,fayette1     
,union1         #ahba    #bbd     #g1ieg
   ,lib]ty1          ,v&]burgh1   #ahah 
#bbe     #b1faj   ,evansville1          
,v]million1    #ahbc    #bhj     #e1gjf 
,newport1          ,vigo1          #ahah
    #djj     #e1gcg   ,t]re ,haute1     
,waba%1        #ahcb    #chj      ----  
,w>r51        #ahbh    #cej     #b1hed  
,williamsport1     ,w>rick1       #ahac 
#dab     #b1igc   ,boonville1           
,wa%+ton1    #ahac    #eej    #ac1jgb   
,salem1            ,wayne1         #ahaj
    #dbj    #bc1cdd   ,c5t]ville1       
,! total population 9 #ahcj1 0 #cda1ehb4

 ,! e/imat$ population 9 ! message (    
,gov4 ,noble to ! legislature1 ,decemb]1
 #ahce1 0 #fjj1jjj4  ,! c\nties 9 :i* ! 
population has n be5 giv5 9 ! =ego+     
table1 h be5 =m$ s9ce #ahcj4 ,probably  
o!r new c\nties1 along ! wat]s ( !      
,waba% & ,kankakee1 h be5 =m$ rec5tly1 (
 :i* no intellig5ce has be5 _h by !     
au?or4 ,! c\nties 9 ! nor!rn portion ( !
 ,/ate h increas$ ! mo/ 9 population    
s9ce #ahcj4  ,= elect+ repres5tatives to
 ,congress1 ! ,/ate is divid$ into sev5 
electoral di/ricts4  ,= judicial        
purposes1 x is divid$ into eight        
circuits1 9 ea* ( :i* !re is a circuit  
judge1 :o1 toge!r ) two associates 9 ea*
 c\nty1 holds ! circuit c\rts4          
,,population ,,at ,,diff]5t ,,p]iods4   
,population4                            
,increase4  ,9 #ahjj17;exclud+          
,ill9ois17   #b1fda  ,f  #ahjj to #ahaj1
   #ba1hgi    #ahaj1                    
#bd1ebj       #ahaj to #ahbj1  #abb1feh 
#ahbj1                      #adg1agh    
#ahbj to #ahbe1   #gd1hbb    #ahbe1     

#bbb1jjj       #ahbe to #ahcj1  #aai1ehb
    #ahcj1                      #cda1ehb
       #ahcj to #ahce1  #aai1ehb        
#ahce17;e/imate17           #fjj1jjj    
,9 #ahbe1 ! numb] ( vot]s 0 #cf1igg1 & !
 numb] ( paup]s #bag6  ,face ( !        
,c\ntry1 c4--,! c\nties bord]+ on !     
,ohio riv] are hilly2--sometimes abrupt1
 precipit\s1 /ony1 occasionally deg5]at+
 into knobs & rav9es4 ,comm5c+ at ! m\? 
( ,:ite riv] on ! ,waba%1 & foll[+ up t 
/ream on its ea/ =k1 & !nce along !     
,muskakituck1 ?r\gh ,j5n+s & ,ripley    
c\nties to ,lawr5ceville1 & y leave !   
r\gh & hilly portion ( ,indiana1 to !   
"r4 ,mu* ( ! c\ntry we h d5om9at$ hilly 
is ri*1 f]tile l&1 ev5 to ! summits ( ! 
hills4 ,on all ! /reams are /rips ( ri* 
alluvion ( exhau/less f]tility4 ,!      
int]ior1 on ! two ,:ite riv]s &         
tribut>ies1 is mod]ately undulat+1      
tol]ably ri* soil1 & mu* ( x heavily    
timb]$ ) oaks ( v>i\s species1 popl>1   
bee*1 sug> tree1 walnuts1 hickory1 elm1 
& o!r v>ieties common to ! ,we/4 ,!re is

 mu* level1 table l&1 betwe5 ! /reams4  
,along ! ,waba%1 bel[ ,t]re ,haute1 is  
an undulat+ surface1 div]sifi$ ) =e/ &  
prairie1 ) a soil ( middl+ quality1     
int]sp]s$ ) "s v ri* tracts4 ,along !   
,waba% & its tribut>ies above ,t]re     
,haute1 ! l& 9 g5]al is fir/ rate1--a   
l>ge proportion =e/1 int]sp]s$ )        
beautiful prairies4 ,! timb] consi/s (  
oaks ( v>i\s species1 popl>1 a%1 walnut1
 *]ry1 elm1 sug> tree1 buckeye1 hickory1
 "s bee*1 sassafras1 lime1 honey locu/1 
) "s cotton wood1 sycamore1 hackb]ry &  
mulb]ry on ! bottom l&s4 ,! und]gr[? is 
spice bu%1 hazel1 plum1 crab apple1     
haw?orn & v9es4 ,along ! nor!rn "p ( !  
,/ate are ext5sive prairies & tracts (  
b>r5s1 ) groves ( v>i\s k9ds ( timb] &  
skirts ( burr oak4 ,t[>ds lake ,mi*igan1
 & along ! ,kankakee & ,/4 ,joseph      
riv]s1 are lakes1 swamps & m>%es4       
,riv]s4--,! ,ohio me&]s along ! s\!a/]n 
& s\!rn p>ts ( ! ,/ate = #cej miles4 ,! 
ea/ & we/ =ks ( ,:ite riv]1 & _!        
tribut>ies1 wat] ! int]ior c\nties =    

#ajj miles 9 ext5t4 ,!y are bo?         
navigable /reams = flat boats dur+ !    
spr+ & autumn floods4 ,! ,waba% riv] has
 sev]al heads1 :i* int]lock ) ! wat]s ( 
! ,/4 ,joseph & ,/4 ,m>y's1 :i* =m !    
,maumee ( lake ,erie4 ,x runs a         
s\?-we/w>dly c\rse across ! ,/ate to    
,w>r5 c\nty1--!nce s\?w>dly to ,vigo    
c\nty1 :]e x becomes ! b\nd>y betwe5    
,indiana & ,ill9ois1 along :i* x me&]s  
to ! ,ohio1 :i* x ent]s #ab miles above 
,%awneet[n4 ,! ,/4 ,joseph ( lake       
,mi*igan1 already notic$ "u ! ,/ate (   
,mi*igan1 makes a curve into ,elkh>t &  
,/4 ,joseph c\nties1 =m+ :at is call$ ! 
,s\? ,b5d4 ,! ,kankakee1 :i* is ! longe/
 bran* ( ,ill9ois riv]1 rises 9         
,indiana1 ne> ! ,s\? ,b5d4 ,"s ( its    
head wat]s int]lock ) ^? ( ,tippecanoe1 
a prom95t tribut>y ( ! ,waba%4   ,,sket*
 ,,( ,,ea* ,,c\nty4  ,! foll[+ sket* (  
ea* c\nty1--its /reams1 surface1 soil1 &
 m9]als1--has be5 made & collat$ ) mu*  
labor1 f an excell5t ,gazette] ( ?is    
,/ate1 publi%$ 9 #ahcc1 by ,d\glass &   

,maguire ( ,indianopolis1--f p]sonal    
obs]vation ( _m ( ! old] c\nties1--& f  
an ext5sive correspond5ce4              
,,all54--,/reams2 ,/4 ,joseph's & ,/4   
,m>y's1 :i* =m ! ,maumee ( lake ,erie1  
navigable = small keel boats1--& num]\s 
creeks2 g5]ally heavily timb]$2 soil1   
clay1--s&y on ! riv]s4                  
,,b>?olomew4--,/reams2 ,driftwood1      
,clifty1 ,flat ,rock1 & ,salt           
,creeks1--all mill /reams4 ,surface1    
level2 soil1 a ri* loam1 mix$ ) s& &    
gravel2 ! we/]n "p hilly1 ) clay soil4  
,m9]als2 lime/one1 coal1 iron ore1 r$   
o*re4  ,,boon4--,wat]$ by ! tribut>ies (
 ,raccoon & ,sug> ,creeks4 ,surface1    
level1--soil ri*4  ,,c>roll4--,/reams2  
,waba% riv]1 ,de]1 ,rock1 & bran*es (   
,wildcat creeks4 ,consid]able timb]1--"s
 prairies1 ( :i* ,de] prairie is ! l>ge/
 & mo/ beautiful4 ,consid]able          
quantities ( lime/one on ! surface2 a   
rem>kable spr+ ne> ,delphi1--! wat]     
r$di%4  ,,cass4--,/reams are ,waba% &   
,eel riv]s1 :i* unite at ,logansport1--!

 head ( /eamboat navigation ( ! ,waba%1 
& t]m9ation ( ! ,w4 & ,e4 canal4        
,surface1 g5]ally level1 roll+ t[>ds !  
riv]s ) abrupt bluffs2 soil1 ne> !      
riv]s1 a mixture ( loam & s&2 at a      
di/ance f !m1 flat & clayey4 ,l>ge      
proportion1 =e/ l&1--"s prairies4       
,,cl>k4--,silv] & ,f\rte5 ,mile creeks  
furni% excell5t mill sites4 ,ohio riv]  
on ! s\?4 ,surface1 roll+ & hilly2 soil1
 loam1 mix$ ) s&4 ,m9]als2 lime/one1    
gypsum1 wat] lime1 m>ble1 salt1 iron    
ore1 copp]as1 alum4  ,,clay4--,eel riv] 
& tribut>ies4 ,surface mod]ately        
undulat+2 soil v>i\s1 *iefly clay &     
loam1 & a mixture ( s&1 9 places2 timb] 
pr$om9ates1--"s prairies4               
,,cl9ton4--,wat]$ by ! ,s\?1 ,middle1 & 
,kilmore's ,=ks ( ,wildcat creek4       
,surface1 mod]ately undulat+1 or level3 
,twelve ,mile prairie ext5ds f ,s4 ,w4  
to ,n4 ,e4 #ab miles1 & is ?ree f\r?s ( 
a mile wide4 ,! rema9d] timb]$ l&4      
,soil1 a ri* s&y loam1 & exce$+ly       
f]tile4  ,,craw=d4--,wat]s2 ! ,ohio &   

,blue riv]s1--pl5ty ( wat] p[]1 &       
excell5t spr+s4 ,surface1 hilly & brok52
 9 places1 tol]ably productive2 9 o!rs1 
soil ?9 & rocky4 ,a timb]$ region1 &    
abundance ( lime/one4                   
,,daviess4--,/reams2 ,=ks ( ,:ite riv]1 
) its tribut>ies1 ,smo!r's1 ,prairie1   
,veal1 ,aikman's & ,sug> creeks4 ,level 
bottoms on ! riv]s--sometimes inundat$2 
undulat+ on ! high gr\nds4 ,soil on !   
,we/ ,=k1 s&y2 mu* timb]1--an ext5sive  
tract ( sug> tree2 "s prairies4 ,! c\nty
 de/itute ( rock ne> ! surface2 pl5ty ( 
lime & s&/one 9 ! b$ ( ,we/ ,=k ( ,:ite 
riv]1 at ! rapids4 ,pl5ty ( coal4       
,,de>born4--,wat]$ by ! ,great ,miami1  
,:itewat]1 ,laugh]y1 ,hogan's & ,tann]'s
 creeks4 ,surface1 hilly & brok51 ) ri*1
 level1 bottom l&s1 on ! ,miami4 ,soil1 
"o f\r? fir/ rate1 "o f\r? second       
rate1--rema9d] inf]ior4 ,a timb]$       
region4  ,,decatur4--,flat ,rock1       
,clifty1 & ,s& creeks1 are all good mill
 /reams4 ,surface1 g5]ally level1--"s   
p>ts undulat+2 soil1 loam1 ) a sub/ratum

 ( clay2 well adapt$ to gra9--timb]$4   
,m9]als2 lime/one1 "s iron ore & coal4  
,,delaw>e4--,/reams2 ,missis9awa1 & ,we/
 ,=k ( ,:ite riv]2 surface tol]ably     
level2 soil1 loam1 mix$ ) s&4 ,m9]als2  
"s lime/one1 & granite b[ld]s scatt]$   
ov] ! surface4  ,,dubois4--,/reams2 ,ea/
 ,=k ( ,:ite riv]1 ,patoka & ,&]son     
creeks4 ,surface roll+1--"s p>ts hilly &
 brok51--"s level tracts2 soil ri* & s&y
 loam ne> ! /reams4 ,m9]als2 s& rock &  
coal4  ,,elkh>t4--,wat]$ by ,/4 ,joseph 
( lake ,mi*igan1 ,elkh>t & tribut>ies4  
,surface1 g5]ally level1--a portion     
undulat+2 soil v>i\s1 b g5]ally ri*2 =e/
 & prairie1 bo? wet & dry4              
,,fayette4--,wat]$ by ! ,we/ ,=k (      
,:itewat]1 & a small lake 9 ! nor?4     
,surface1 undulat+2 soil1 on ! high     
gr\nd1 clayey1 & a mixture ( s&1--on !  
bottom l&s1 a ri*1 s&y loam4 ,lime/one  
f\nd 9 masses & qu>ries4                
,,floyd4--,wat]$ by ! ,ohio riv]1 ,silv]
 creek1 & "s head bran*es ( ,big &      
,little ,indian creeks4 ,surface        

v>i\s1--a range ( knobs1--ea/ ( ^!      
knobs1 x is g5tly undulat+2 soil        
inf]ior4 ,m9]als2 %ale1 s(t s&/one1     
lime/one1 free/one1 iron ore1 & "s      
traces ( coal4 ,a boil+ spr+1 f :i* is  
emitt$ an inflammable gas4              
,,f\nta94--,wat]$ by ! ,waba% riv]1 &   
,coal & ,%awnee creeks1 ) num]\s mill   
sites4 ,surface1 g5tly undulat+2 soil1 a
 black loam1 mix$ ) s&1 & v ri*4        
,m9]als2 coal1 & "s s&/one4             
,,frankl94--,wat]$ by ! ,ea/ & ,we/ ,=ks
 ( ,:itewat]4 ,surface1 on ! ea/]n "p   
level1--we/]n1 roll+2 soil1 9 ! c5tral &
 nor!rn p>ts1 a black loam1--9 !        
s\?-we/1 ?9 & clayey4  ,,gibson4--,wat]$
 by ! ,waba%1 ,:ite1 & ,patoka riv]s4   
,surface1 roll+ & timb]$2 soil1 g5]ally 
a s&y loam1 & productive4               
,,grant4--,wat]$ by ! ,missis9awa &     
tribut>ies4 ,surface level1--g5]ally    
heavily timb]$2 soil1 clay & loam on !  
table l&s1--s&y on ! riv] bottoms4      
,,gre54--,wat]$ by ,:ite & ,eel riv]s1 &
 ,ri*l& creek2 soil1 on ! riv]s a ri*   

loam1--on ! bluffs1 s&y1--ea/ side1     
hilly1--we/ side1 level4 ,:ite riv] is  
navigable4 ,m9]als2 lime & s&/one1 coal1
 & "s iron ore4  ,,hamilton4--,! /reams 
are ,:ite riv]1 & ,cic]o1 ,coal1 ,/oney1
 & ,fall creeks4 ,g5]ally =e/1--"s few  
prairies2 soil1 9 places1 clay1--m      
g5]ally1 a s&y loam4 ,m9]als2 lime1 & "s
 s(t s& rock4  ,,hancock4--,wat]$ by    
,blue riv]1 ,sug> & ,br&yw9e creeks1 )  
excell5t mill sites1 & well suppli$ )   
spr+s4 ,surface1 ei!r level or g5tly    
undulat+2 soil1 a ri* loam1 mix$ )      
s&1--heavily timb]$4  ,,h>rison4--,wat]$
 by ,big & ,little ,indian1 & ,buck     
creeks1 & ,blue riv]4 ,surface          
v>i\s1--"s p>ts hilly & brok51--"s p>ts 
undulat+1--"s p>ts level2 soil1 9 ! l[  
gr\nds1 a ri* loam1--on ! high gr\nds1  
calc>e\s & gravelly4 ,a l>ge tract (    
b>r5s 9 ! we/4 ,m9]als2 a qu>ry & sev]al
 caves ( black fl9t1 salt licks1        
lime/one4  ,,h5dricks4--,! wat]s are    
,:ite ,lick1 & bran*es ( ,eel riv]1 )   
good mill sites4 ,surface1 g5tly roll+1 

& timb]$ ) ! v>ieties ( ! ,waba% c\ntry2
 soil1 a mixture ( clay1 loam & s&4     
,,h5ry4--,wat]$ by ,blue riv]1 ,flat    
,rock & ,fall creeks4 ,surface1 9 "s    
places1 brok51--9 mo/ p>ts1 level2 soil1
 a mixture ( s& ) loam & clay4 ,pl5ty ( 
spr+s & mill sites4 ,mo/ly timb]$1 b    
sev]al tracts ( prairie4                
,,hunt+ton4--,! /reams are ,salamania1  
,little riv]1 & ,waba%4 ,surface1 on !  
riv]s1 level1--back1 g5tly undulat+2    
soil1 loam & clay1 ) a slight mixture ( 
s&4 ,sev]al tracts ( prairie1 b g5]ally 
=e/ l&4  ,,jackson4--,wat]$ by ,indian1 
,driftwood1 ,:ite1 ,muscatatack1 & ,gum 
creeks4 ,surface1 roll+ & 9 places      
hilly2 soil1 clay & loam1 mix$ ) s&4 ,9 
! =ks ( ! creeks1 s& pr$om9ates4 ,on !  
we/ & nor?-we/1 incl9$ to clay4         
,,jeff]son4--,wat]$ by ! ,ohio riv]1    
,indian1 ,k5tucky & ,big creeks4        
,surface v>i\s2 along ! riv] & creeks1  
l[ alluvion2 soil1 loam mix$ ) s&4 ,!   
bottoms are b\nd$ by precipit\s bluffs1 
) t[]+ cliffs ( lime/one4 ,! table l&s  

are undulat+1 & ! soil incl9$ to clay4  
,timb] v>i\s4 ,ab\nds ) lime/one1 masses
 ( free/one1 & scatt]$ granite b[ld]s4  
,,johnson4--,wat]$ on ! ea/]n side by   
,blue riv]1 & ,sug> & ,"y's creeks1--on 
! we/]n side by ,indian1 ,crook$1 &     
,/ott's creeks4 ,surface1 g5tly         
undulat+2 soil1 a ri*1 black1 s&y loam2 
timb]$4 ,m9]als2 masses ( free/one1 &   
scatt]$ granite b[ld]s4                 
,,j5n+s4--,wat]$ by ,graham's ,=k1 & !  
,nor? ,=k ( ! ,muscatatack4 ,surface1 9 
"s p>ts level1 "s p>ts v hilly2 soil1   
calc>e\s1 ri* & productive2 timb] ( all 
v>ieties2 ab\nds ) lime/one4            
,,knox4--,! ,waba% on ! we/ side1--,:ite
 riv] s\?1--! ,we/ ,=k ( ,:ite riv]     
ea/1--& ,m>ia & ,du*a9 creeks1 int]ior4 
,surface undulat+2 soil1 some:at        
v>i\s1--a ri* loam 9 places1--s&y 9 o!r 
places2--"s tracts ( prairie1 b timb]   
pr$om9ates4  ,,lagrange4--,wat]$ by     
,pigeon & ,crook$ riv]s4 ,surface1 g5tly
 roll+2 nor!rn "p ext5sive prairies2    
s\!rn portion *iefly =e/2 soil1 loam &  

s&4  ,,la ,,porte4--,wat]$ by !         
,kankakee1 ,gal5a1 & ,trail creek1 at ! 
m\? ( :i* is ,mi*igan city1 & a h>bor = 
lake ,mi*igan comm]ce4 ,surface1 g5tly  
undulat+2 ab\nds ) l>ge1 ri* prairies1 )
 groves ( timb]1 & lakes ( cle> wat]    
int]sp]s$2 soil1 a s&y loam1 ri* &      
productive4  ,,lawr5ce4--,wat]$ by      
,salt1 ,indian1 ,gu?rie's1 ,beav]1 &    
,lea!rwood creeks1 & excell5t spr+s4    
,surface1 g5]ally hilly1--"s level      
l&s2--soil1 on ! wat] c\rses1 s&y1--back
 f ! /reams1 loam & clay4 ,ab\nds )     
lime/one4  ,,madison4--,! ,we/ ,=k (    
,:ite riv] is navigable4 ,! o!r /reams  
are ,killbuck1 ,pipe1 ,lick & ,fall     
creeks4 ,surface1 g5]ally level1 ) "s   
brok5 l& ne> ! /reams2 timb]$1 ) a wet  
prairie1 #g miles long & ?ree f\r?s ( a 
mile wide2 soil1 s&1 mix$ ) clay &      
loam1--productive4 ,m9]als2 lime &      
free/one1 m>ble t poli%es well1 & "s    
traces ( iron ore4  ,,m>ion4--,we/ ,=k (
 ,:ite riv] passes ?r\gh x1 on :i* is   
situat$ ,,indianopolis1 ! capital ( !   

,/ate4 ,fall creek is an excell5t mill  
/ream4 ,surface1 *iefly level =e/ l&2   
soil1 a deep black loam1 ) a mixture (  
s&4 ,l>ge granite b[ld]s are scatt]$ ov]
 ! surface4  ,,m>t94--,! ,ea/ ,=k (     
,:ite riv] passes ?r\gh x1 & receives   
,lo/ riv] f ! left1 & ,indian & ,fl9t   
creeks f ! "r4 ,surface1 on ! ea/ side (
 ,:ite riv]1 brok5 & hilly2 soil1 clay &
 loam2 on ! we/ side1 level1 or g5tly   
undulat+1 ) portions ( b>r5s & prairie  
l&2 soil1 clay & loam1 mix$ ) s&4       
,m9]als2 coal 9 l>ge quantities1 lime1  
s& & free/one4  ,,miami4--,! ,waba% &   
,eel riv]s pass ?r\gh x1 & ! ,missis9awa
 comes f ! ea/1 & ent]s ! ,waba% ab\t ! 
c5tre ( ! c\nty4 ,! ,waba% & ,erie canal
 passes ?r\gh x4 ,surface1 g5tly        
undulat+ & beautiful1--*iefly =e/1 &    
int]sp]s$ ) small prairies2 soil1 !     
ri*e/ 9 ! ,/ate1 ( loam1 clay & s&      
int]mix$4  ,,monroe4--,/reams2 ,salt1   
,cle>1 ,indian1 ,raccoon1 ,ri*l&1 &     
,bean-blossom creeks1--pure spr+s4      
,surface1 hilly & undulat+2 soil1 second

 rate4 ,m9]als2 lime/one rock1 salt     
licks1 ) manufactories ( salt4          
,,montgom]y4--,! heads ( ,%awnee & ,coal
 creeks 9 ! nor?-we/1--,sug> creek 9 !  
c5tre1--& ,big ,raccoon on ! s\!a/]n "p4
 ,surface1 g5tly undulat+2 ! nor!rn     
portion prairie1 int]sp]s$ ) groves1 ) a
 ri* soil ( black loam1 mix$ ) s&1--!   
middle & s\!rn portions timb]$4         
,excell5t qu>ries ( rock 9 !            
middle1--granite b[ld]s 9 ! nor!rn p>ts4
  ,,morgan4--,:ite riv]1 :i* is         
navigable4 ,! mill /reams are ,:ite     
,lick1 ,sycamore1 ,highl&1 & ,lamb's    
creeks on ! we/ side1 & ,crook$1        
,/ott's1 ,cle>1 & ,indian creeks on !   
ea/ side4 ,surface1 g5]ally roll+1--"s  
p>ts hilly2 soil1 calc>e\s & clayey1--on
 ! bottoms1 a ri* s&y loam4 ,m9]als2    
lime/one1 & "s iron ore4                
,,orange4--,/reams2 ,lo/ riv]1 ,fr5*    
,lick1 & ,patoka4 ,surface1 hilly &     
brok51--lime/one rock1--spr+s ( wat]1 ( 
:i* ,half-moon & ,fr5* ,lick are        
curiosities4 ,on ! alluvial bottoms1 !  

soil is loamy1--on ! hills1 calc>e\s1 & 
incl9$ to clay4 ,excell5t /ones = grit1 
equal to ! ,turkey oil /ones1 are f\nd 9
 ?is c\nty4  ,,ow54--,wat]$ by ! ,we/   
,=k ( ,:ite riv]1 ) its tribut>ies1     
,raccoon1 ,indian1 ,mill1 ,rattlesnake1 
& ,fi% creeks4 ,! falls ( ,eel riv]     
furni% ! be/ wat] p[] 9 ! ,/ate4        
,surface roll+2 soil1 9 "s places a d>k 
loam1--9 o!rs clayey & calc>e\s4        
,m9]als2 imm5se bodies ( lime rock1 & "s
 iron ore4  ,,p>ke4--,wat]$ by ! ,big & 
,little ,raccoon1 & ,sug> creeks1 7)    
excell5t mill sites17 all ( :i* ent] !  
,waba% on its we/]n side4 ,surface1     
g5]ally level1--"s beautiful prairies1 b
 mo/ly =e/ l&2 soil1 a loam mix$ ) s& & 
ri*4 ,m9]als2 lime & s&/one1 coal & iron
 ore4  ,,p]ry4--,wat]$ by ! ,ohio riv]1 
) ,&]son's1 ,be>1 ,poison1 & ,oil creeks
 int]ior4 ,"s level l&1 ) a ri*1 s&y    
loam1 on ! /reams1--all ! high l&s v    
brok52 hilly1 ) a clayey1 /]ile soil4   
,m9]als2 imm5se bodies ( lime/one1      
gr9d/one qu>ries1 iron ore & coal4      

,,pike4--,has ,:ite riv] on ! nor?1 &   
,patoka creek ?r\gh ! c5tre4 ,surface   
all =e/ l& & undulat+2 soil1 ea/]n "p   
clay & s&1--we/]n1 a ri*1 d>k loam1 mix$
 ) s&1--"s swampy l&4 ,m9]als1 lime/one 
& coal4  ,,posey4--,9 ! =ks ( ! ,ohio & 
,waba%1 ) ,big1 ,mill1 & ,mc,fadden's   
creeks int]ior1 & good spr+s4 ,surface1 
roll+1 & all =e/ l&2 soil1 a s&y loam1 &
 produces well4 ,m9]als2 s&1 & lime/one 
& coal4  ,,putnam4--,has ,raccoon creek1
 & ,eel riv]1 ) abundant wat]           
privileges1 & f9e spr+s4 ,surface1 g5tly
 undulat+2 soil1 9 places calc>e\s &    
clayey1--9 o!r places a ri* loam2       
lime/one4  ,,r&olph4--,wat]c\rses1 !    
,we/ ,=k ( ,:ite riv] & ,missis9awa & _!
 tribut>ies1 :i* furni% good mill sites4
 ,surface1 ei!r level or g5tly undulat+2
 soil1 a ri* loam1--9 "s places m>%y2 a 
small quantity ( lime/one1 ) granite    
b[ld]s4  ,,ripley4--,wat]$ by ,laugh]y &
 ,graham's creek4 ,surface level1 =e/   
l&2 soil clay1--9 "s p>ts incl9es to    
s&1--) lime/one abundant4  ,,ru%4--,!   

/reams are ,big & ,little ,blue riv]s1  
,big & ,little ,flat ,rock1 ) excell5t  
wat] p[]4 ,surface1 mod]ately roll+1 &  
heavily timb]$2 soil1 loam on clay1 ) a 
slight mixture ( s&4  ,,scott4--,wat]$  
by tribut>ies ( ! ,muscatatack4 ,surface
 roll+1--"s flat l&s incl9+ to m>%2     
soil1 clay4 ,m9]als2 lime/one1 iron ore1
 salt1 sulphur1 & copp]as4              
,,%elby4--,wat]$ by ,big & ,little ,blue
 riv]s1 ,br&yw9e1 & ,sug> creeks1 ) good
 mill sites1--all heads ( ! ,ea/ ,=k (  
,:ite riv]4 ,surface1 g5]ally level )   
=e/ l&2 soil1 clay mix$ ) loam4         
,,sp5c]4--,ohio riv]1 ,&]son's1 ,little 
,pigeon1 & ,s&y creeks4 ,surface        
tol]ably level1 & =e/ l&2 soil1 clay    
mix$ ) loam4 ,m9]als2 coal1 & lime & s& 
rock4  ,,/4 ,,joseph4--,/4 ,joseph's    
riv]1 ,kankakee1 & ,bobango1 ) "s small 
creeks4 ,ext5sive m>%es on ! ,kankakee1 
& ne> ! ,s\? ,b5d ( ! ,/4 ,joseph4 ,^!  
m>%es are ( vegetable =mation4 ,surface1
 9 "s p>ts level1--9 o!rs g5tly         
undulat+2 soil1 a loam1--9 "s places s&4

 ,! nor?-we/ "p *iefly prairies & b>r5s1
 includ+ ! l>ge & f]tile prairies (     
,portage & ,t]re ,c\pe4 ,! nor?-ea/]n1  
b>r5s1--! s\?-ea/]n1 =e/4 ,m9]als are   
granite b[ld]s1 & bog iron ore4         
,,sullivan4--,has ! ,waba% riv] on its  
we/]n side1 & ,turman's1 ,buss]on1 &    
,turtle creeks int]ior4 ,surface        
roll+1--"s prairies1 b g5]ally =e/      
l&1--"s poor b>r5s2 soil1 loam &        
s&2--lime & s& rock & coal4             
,,switz]l&4--,! ,ohio ea/ &             
s\?1--,indian1 ,plum1 ,bryant's1        
,turtle1 & ,grant's creeks int]ior4     
,surface v>i\s1--bottom l&s level1 &    
ri*1--!n a range ( precipit\s bluffs1 ) 
cliffs ( lime/one1--! table l& roll+ ) a
 calc>e\s & clayey soil4 ,at ,vevay are 
ext5sive v9ey>ds4  ,,tippecanoe4--,wat]$
 by ! ,waba% riv]1 & ,wildcat1 ,wea1    
,burnett's1 & ,mill ,bran* creeks4 ,!   
,waba% af=ds navigation1 & ! o!r /reams 
excell5t mill sites4 ,surface g5tly     
undulat+1 ) ext5sive level tracts1 &    
consi/s ( "o half prairie1 "o eigh?     

b>r5s1 & ! rema9d] heavy =e/ l&4 ,!     
prairie soil is a ri*1 black loam1--!   
b>r5s cold1 wet clay1--! =e/ a v ri*    
loam & s&4  ,,union4--,/reams2 ! ,ea/   
,=k ( ,:ite riv] & its tribut>ies1      
,hanna's1 ,ri*l&1 & ,silv] creeks1 all (
 :i* furni% excell5t mill sites4        
,surface1 mod]ately roll+2 soil1 a d>k  
loam4  ,,v&]burgh4--,wat]$ by ! ,ohio1 &
 ,great ,pigeon creek4 ,surface1 high1  
dry1 roll+ l&1 ) good timb]1 & well     
wat]$2 soil1 clay & s&1 ( inf]ior       
quality4 ,m9]als2 lime & s&/one1 sal9es1
 & a m9]al spr+4  ,,v]million4--,a long1
 n>r[ c\nty1 betwe5 ! ,waba% riv] & !   
,/ate ( ,ill9ois4 ,! /reams are ,waba%1 
,big & ,little ,v]million1 & _!         
tribut>ies4 ,surface high1 roll+ l&1 )  
abrupt bluffs ne> ! /reams2 a good      
proportion ( prairie & timb]2 soil1 ri*1
 s&y loam1 & v productive4 ,m9]als2     
free/one & lime/one1 & l>ge coal banks4 
,,vigo4--,! ,waba% passes ?r\gh         
x--navigable4 ,! mill /reams are        
,prairie1 ,honey1 ,ott]1 & ,sug> creeks1

 b _! wat]s fail 9 a dry season4        
,surface level1 or g5tly undulat+1 ) =e/
 & prairies2 soil1 ri* loam & s&1--fir/ 
rate4 ,m9]als2 gray lime/one1 free/one1 
& inexhau/ible b$s ( coal4  ,,waba%4--,!
 ,waba% riv]1 & ,w4 & ,e4 canal1 pass   
?r\gh x1 z does ! ,missis9awa1 ,eel1    
,bluegrass1 & ,salamania4               
,surface1--wide1 ri* bottoms on !       
/reams1--bluffs & rav9es adjo9+1--table 
l&s fur!r back1 ei!r dry & roll+1 or    
flat & wet1 & ab\nd ) will[ swamps4     
,lime/one rock abundant1 & _m excell5t  
spr+s ( pure wat]4  ,,w>r54--,! ,waba%  
on ! ,s4 ,e4 bord] = ?irty miles1 &     
navigat$ by /eamboats2 int]ior /reams1  
,rock1 ,r$wood1 & ,big & ,little ,p9e   
creeks1 all ( :i* af=d good mill sites4 
,"s p9e & c$> timb]4 ,surface g5]ally   
level1 ) brok5 l& on ! bluffs ( creeks2 
"s =e/1 b ! l>ge/ proportion prairie2   
soil1 a ri* & v f]tile loam4 ,m9]als2   
lime & excell5t free/one = build+       
purposes1--coal1--iron1--lead &         
copp]1--) sev]al old digg+s & furnaces1 

:]e bo? copp] & lead ore h be5 smelt$ 9 
e>ly times4  ,,w>rick4--,wat]$ by !     
,ohio riv]1 ,big & ,little ,pigeon1 &   
,cypress4 ,surface1 roll+ & hilly2 soil1
 a s&y loam on clay4 ,m9]als2 qu>ries ( 
free/one1 "s lime/one1 & inexhau/ible   
b$s ( coal4  ,,wa%+ton4--,/reams2       
,muscatatack on ! nor?1 ,ru%1 ,tw91     
,highl&1 ,delany's1 ,elk1 ,be>1 & ,s9k+ 
creeks1 & ! heads ( ,blue & ,lo/ riv]s1 
) mill sites4 ,surface1 div]sifi$ f     
g5tle undulations1 to l(ty & precipit\s 
hills2 soil1 9 "p1 second rate1 ) mu* ( 
inf]ior quality4 ,sub/ratum ( lime/one1 
caves1 holl[s1 & s9k holes4             
,,wayne4--,/reams1 ,ea/ & ,we/ ,=ks (   
,:itewat]1 ) excell5t wat] p[] = ma*9]y4
 ,surface1 mod]ately hilly2 heavy =e/   
l&2 soil1 a ri* loam2 sub/ratum1 clay4  
,m9]als2 g5]ally1 lime/one1 & excell5t =
 build+s4  ,=m ( ,gov]nm5t4--,?is diff]s
 v little f t ( ,ohio4 ,! ,con/itution  
provides t an enum]ation be made e five 
ye>s ( all free :ite male inhabitants1  
above ! age ( tw5ty-"o ye>s2 & !        

repres5tation ( bo? h\ses ( ! ,g5]al    
,assembly is apportion$ by su*          
enum]ation1 9 su* ratio t ! numb] (     
repres5tatives %all nev] be less ?an    
#cf1 nor exce$ #ajj1 & ! numb] ( s5ators
 n exce$+ "o half1 nor less ?an "o ?ird 
! numb] ( repres5tatives4 ,e free :ite  
male citiz51 tw5ty-"o ye>s ( age1 :o has
 resid$ 9 ! ,/ate "o ye>1 is entitl$ to 
vote2 except su* z %all be enli/$ 9 !   
army ( ! ,u4 ,s41 or _! allies4         
,elections are held annually1 by ballot1
 on ! fir/ ,monday 9 ,augu/4 ,s5ators1 !
 gov]nor1 & lieut5ant gov]nor1 hold _!  
(fices = ?ree ye>s4 ,! judici>y is ve/$ 
9 a ,supreme ,c\rt1 9 ,circuit ,c\rts1  
,probate ,c\rts1 & ,ju/ices ( ! peace4  
,! ,supreme ,c\rt consi/s ( ?ree judges1
 :o are appo9t$ by ! gov]nor1 ) ! advice
 & cons5t ( ! s5ate1 = ! t]m ( sev5     
ye>s1 & h appellate jurisdiction4 ,!    
,circuit ,c\rts consi/ ( a presid+ judge
 9 ea* judicial circuit1 elect$ by jo9t 
ballot ( bo? h\ses ( ! ,g5]al ,assembly1
 & two associate judges 9 ea* c\nty1    

elect$ by ! qualifi$ vot]s 9 _!         
respective c\nties1 = a l t]m4 ,!       
,probate ,c\rts consi/ ( "o judge = ea* 
c\nty1 :o is elect$ by ! vot]s1 = ! same
 t]m4 ,ju/ices ( ! peace are elect$ 9   
ea* t[n%ip1 = ! t]m ( five ye>s1 & h    
jurisdiction 9 crim9al cases ?r\gh\t !  
c\nty1 b1 9 all civil cases1 ?r\gh\t !  
t[n%ip4  ,f9ances4--,! ,indiana         
,gazette]1 ( #ahcc1 e/imates t ! rev5ue 
= ,/ate purposes am\nt$ to ab\t #ce1jjj 
annually1 &1 = c\nty purposes1 to ab\t  
half t sum4 ,! aggregate receipts =     
#ahce1 accord+ to ! gov]nor's message1 (
 ,dec4 #ahce1 am\nt$ to #ajg1gad2       
exp5ditures = ! same "t1 #ajc1ija4      
,sales ( canal l&s = ! same p]iod1      
#age1gdj4 ,! canal commission]s h borr[$
 #fje1beg1 = canal purposes1 on a "p (  
:i* !y obta9$ two p] c5t4 premium1 &1 on
 ano!r "p1 z high z sev5 p] c5t42 & h   
also borr[$ #dej1jjj bank capital1 = :i*
 !y receiv$ f\r & a half p] c5t4        
premium4 ,?ree p] c5t4 on all sales (   
,u4 ,s4 l&s )9 ! ,/ate1 is paid by !    

g5]al gov]nm5t into ! ,/ate treasury1 to
 be exp5d$ 9 mak+ roads4 ,! receipts f  
?is s\rce1 9 #ahce1 am\nt$ to #bd1cih4  
,sales & r5ts ( sal9e l&s1 produc$ an   
income ( #d1fcf4 ,! proce$s ( c]ta9 l&s1
 donat$ by ! g5]al gov]nm5t t[>ds !     
con/ruction ( a road f ! ,ohio riv] to  
lake ,mi*igan1 am\nt$ to #cc1jcj4       
,int]nal ,improvem5ts4--,?is ,/ate has  
ent]$ ) great _s ^u a sy/em ( int]nal   
improvem5ts4 ,x consi/s ( canall+1      
improv+ riv] navigation1 rail-roads1 &  
common turnpike roads4  ,waba% & ,erie  
,canal4--,?is "w w ext5d f ,la ,fayette1
 on ! ,waba% riv]1 up ! valley ( t      
/ream1 to ! ,maumee & to ! b\nd>y (     
,ohio2 di/ance1 #aje miles4 ,! co/ (    
con/ruction has be5 e/imat$ at          
#a1jha1igj1 & l&s to ! am\nt ( #cee1bjj 
acres1 h be5 appropriat$ by ! g5]al     
gov]nm5t1 ! proce$s ( :i* w be suffici5t
 to complete ! canal to ,=t ,wayne4 ,!  
middle division1 #cb miles1 0 complet$ 9
 ,july1 #ahce1 & ! rema9d] is 9 active  
progress4 ,its :ole di/ance1 ?r\gh a "p 

( ,ohio to ,maumee bay1 at ! we/ end (  
lake ,erie1 w be #ahg miles4  ,!        
,:itewat] ,canal1 #gf miles 9 l5g?1     
along ! we/]n bran* ( ,:itewat]1 is     
int5d$ to pass ?r\gh ,connorsville1     
,brookville1 ,som]set1 & o!r t[ns1 to   
,lawr5ceburgh1 on ! ,ohio riv]4         
,provision is made to improve !         
navigation ( ! ,waba% riv]1 9           
conjunction ) ,ill9ois1 :]e x con/itutes
 ! b\nd>y l9e1 &1 by ?is ,/ate alone1   
fur!r up4  ,rail-,roads4--,f            
,evansville1 on ! ,ohio1 to ,la ,fayette
 on ! ,waba%1 #age miles2 f ,la ,fayette
 to ,mi*igan city1 #ij miles2 =m+ a l9e 
f ! ,ohio riv] to lake ,mi*igan1 #bfe   
miles 9 l5g?3--,f ,madison1 on ! ,ohio1 
to ,indianopolis1 ! seat ( gov]nm5t1 #he
 miles2 & sev]al o!rs 7 project$ two    
ye>s s9ce4 ,b at ! session ( !          
legislature ( #ahce-f1 a bill 0 pass$ to
 borr[1 9 su* in/alm5ts z %\ld be ne$$1 
t5 millions ( doll>s2 & a sy/em (       
int]nal improvem5ts1 includ+ canals1    
rail-roads1 & ! improvem5t ( riv]       

navigation1 0 m>k$ out4 ,9 a few ye>s1  
?is ,/ate w be prom95t 9 ?is species (  
ent]prise4  ,synopsis ( ,canals survey$ 
by ord] ( ! ,indiana ,legislature dur+ !
 ,ye> #ahce4  ,la ,fayette & ,t]re      
,haute division ( ! ,waba% & ,erie      
canal4 ,l5g?1 #ij miles2 total co/1     
#a1jfg1iad4gj2 p] mile1 #aa1hfe #gi4    
,c5tral canal1 nor? ( ,indianopolis4    
,total l5g?1 f ,indianopolis via        
,&]sont[n1 ,pipe creek summit to !      
,waba% & ,erie canal at ,waba% t[n1 #ajc
 miles #cd *a9s2 total co/1             
#a1iib1bbd4ed2 p] mile1 #ag1ajf #ea4    
,l5g?1 via ,pipe creek summit to ,p]u1  
ne> ! m\? ( ! ,missis9awa1 #aad miles   
#df *a9s2 total co/1 #a1hig1gig4ai2 p]  
mile1 #ad1hga4he4 ,l5g?1 via ,pipe creek
 summit 7includ+ lat]al canal to        
,munciet[n7 to ,waba% t[n1 #abd miles   
#ea *a9s2 total co/1 #b1ajc1aec4fa2 p]  
mile1 #ae1hgc4hc4 ,l5g?1 via ,pipe creek
 summit 7includ+ lat]al canal to        
,munciet[n7 to ,p]u1 #ahe miles #fc     
*a9s2 total co/1 #b1jjh1gbf4bf2 p] mile1

 #ad1gic4ab4 ,total l5g?1 f             
,indianopolis via ,munciet[n to ! ,waba%
 & ,erie canal at ,p]u1 #aca miles #da  
*a9s2 total co/1 #b1jeh1ibi4da2 p] mile1
 #ad4edi #ga4  ,c5tral canal1 s\? (     
,indianopolis4 ,total l5g?1 f           
,indianopolis to ,evansville1 #ahh      
miles2 total co/1 #b1fdb1bhe4ib2 p]     
mile1 #ad1jed4ga4 ,r\te d[n ! valley (  
,ma9 ,pigeon4 ,l5g?1 #aid miles2 total  
co/1 #b1djj1ieg4gj2 p] mile1 #ab1cgf4jb4
  ,t]re ,haute & ,eel riv] canal1 :i*   
=ms a connexion betwe5 ! ,waba% & ,erie 
canal & ,:ite riv] or ,c5tral canal4    
,total l5g?1 #dj-a_/b miles2 total co/1 
#fbi1fca #fe2 :i*1 includ+ a fe$]1 is   
#ac1edj4df p] mile4  ,waba% & ,erie     
canal1 ea/]n division1 ea/ ( ,=t ,wayne1
 ,upp] l9e3 ,l5g?1 #ai miles #cj *a9s2  
total co/1 #aed1aac4ac2 p] mile1        
#g1ieb4ag4--,l[] l9e3 ,total l5g?1 #bj  
miles #gf-a_/b *a9s2 total co/1         
#bed1hag4eb2 p] mile1 #aa1aei4jd4  ,!   
foll[+ are ! works provid$ = 9 ! ,bill1 
& ! sums appropriat$ = !m3   #a/4 ,!    

,:ite ,wat] ,canal1 includ+ a  lat]al   
canal or rail-road1 to connect said     
canal ) ! ,c5tral or ,:ite riv]  canal1 
#a1djj1jjj   #b;d4 ,c5tral or ,:ite riv]
 ,canal1             #c1ejj1jjj   #c;d4 
,ext5sion ( ! ,waba% &  ,erie ,canal1   
#a1cjj1jjj   #d?4 ,madison & ,la        
,fayette ,rail-road1        #a1cjj1jjj  
#e?4 ,a ,m',adamiz$ turnpike road  f    
,new ,albany to ,v9c5nes1               
#a1aej1jjj   #f?4 ,turnpike or rail-road
 f  ,new ,albany to ,craw=dsville1      
#a1cjj1jjj   #g?4 ,remov+ ob/ructions 9 
!  ,waba%1                              
#ej1jjj                                 
-----------                             
#aj1jjj1jjj  #h?4 ,! ,bill gives ! cr$it
 ( !  ,/ate to ! ,lawr5ceburgh &        
,indianopolis  ,rail-road ,company1 = ! 
sum ( #ejj1jjj4                         
,manufactures4--,besides ! h\sehold     
manufacture ( cotton & flannels1 common 
to ! we/]n p1 at ,v9c5nes1 & probably   
o!r t[ns1 ma*9]y is employ$ 9 sev]al    
e/abli%m5ts4 ,x w be se5 f ! sket* ( ea*

 c\nty1 already giv51 t 9 mo/ p>ts ( !  
,/ate !re is a supply ( wat] p[] =      
manufactur+ purposes4 ,bo? wat] & /eam  
p[]1 saw & gri/ mills1 are already 9    
op]ation 9 v>i\s p>ts ( ! ,/ate4        
,education4--,! same provision ( "o     
section ( l& 9 ea* t[n%ip1 or a         
?irty-six? "p ( ! public l&s1 has be5   
made = ! enc\ragem5t ( common s*ools1 z 
9 o!r ,we/]n ,/ates4 ,a law has be5     
enact$ provid+ = common s*ools1 & !     
public m9d has become measurably awak5$ 
to ! subject ( education4 ,"s mo/       
extravagant & exagg]at$ /atem5ts h be5  
made relative to an incr$ible numb] (   
*ildr5 9 ?is ,/ate1 :o h no means (     
education4 ,z 9 all new c\ntries1 ! fir/
 class ( emigrants1 hav+ to provide = _!
 m imm$iate wants1 h n done s mu* z is  
desirable to promote common s*ool       
education2 b we h no idea !y w slumb] on
 t subject1 :ile !y are wide awake to ! 
physical wants & res\rces ( ! c\ntry4   
,academies h be5 e/abli%$ 9 sev]al      
c\nties1 & a college at ,bloom+ton1 f ! 

enc\ragem5t ( ,/ate funds1 & o!r        
in/itutions are ris+ up1 ( :i* ! ,hanov]
 ,in/itution ne> ! ,ohio riv]1 & ,waba% 
,college at ,craw=dsville1 promise to be
 conspicu\s4  ,hi/ory4--,?is c\ntry 0   
fir/ explor$ by adv5tur]s f ,canada1 ) a
 view to ! ,indian trade1 t[>ds ! close 
( ! sev5te5? c5tury2 & ! place :]e      
,v9c5nes n[ /&s is said to h be5 ?us    
e>ly occupi$ z a trad+ po/4 ,a company (
 ,fr5* f ,canada1 made a settlem5t "h 9 
#agce4 ,! c\ntry1 9 common ) ! ,we/]n   
,valley1 0 claim$ by ,france1 until x 0 
c$$ to ,great ,brita91 at ! treaty (    
peace 9 #agfc1 "u ^: jurisdiction x     
rema9$1 until subdu$ by ! ,am]ican arms 
"u ! intrepid ,g54 ,g4 ,r4 ,cl>k1 & 8   
gallant b&1 9 #aggi4 ,a t]ritorial      
gov]nm5t 0 organiz$ by ,congress 9      
#aghg1 includ+ all ! c\ntry nor?-we/ ( !
 riv] ,ohio1 :i* 0 !n call$ !           
,nor?-we/]n ,t]ritory4 ,9 #ahjb1 :5 !   
,/ate ( ,ohio 0 organiz$1 all t "p ( !  
,t]ritory ly+ we/ ( a l9e due nor? f !  
m\? ( ! ,great ,miami1 0 organiz$ into !

 ,t]ritory ( ,indiana1--:i* 0 divid$1 & 
f :i* ,ill9ois ,t]ritory 0 =m$ 9 #ahji4 
,9 ,june1 #ahaf1 a con/itution 0 adopt$1
 & at ! ensu+ session ( ,congress1      
,indiana 0 made a ,/ate4  ,g5]al        
,rem>ks4--,! importance ( ,indiana1 z a 
desirable ,/ate = ! att5tion ( !        
emigrant to ! ,we/1 has be5 too mu*     
ov]look$4 ,?\gh n possess+ q equal      
advantages ) ,ill9ois1 especially 9 !   
quality & am\nt ( prairie soil1 x is f> 
sup]ior to ,ohio1 & fully equal1--nay1 9
 our e/imation1 r sup]ior to ,mi*igan4  
,almo/ e "p is easy ( access1 & 9 a v   
few ye>s ! lib]al sy/em ( int]nal       
improvem5ts1 adopt$ & 9 progress1 w make
 almo/ e c\nty accessible to public     
conveyances1 & furni% abundant          
facilities to m>ket4  ,along ! wide1    
alluvion bottoms ( ! /reams1 & amid/ a  
rank gr[? ( vegetation1 !re is usually m
 or less autumnal fev]1 yet1 9 g5]al1   
!re is v little diff]5ce 9 any ( !      
,we/]n ,/ates z to prospects ( heal?4   
,me*anics1 s*ool tea*]s1 & labor]s ( e  

description1 are mu* want$ 9 ?is ,/ate1 
z !y are 9 all ! ,/ates fur!r we/2 & all
 may provide abundantly & easily1 all ! 
necess>ies ( liv+ = a family1 if !y w   
use indu/ry1 economy & sobriety4        
,,footnotes3  #aj ,see a valuable       
/ati/ical article1 by ,b4 ,drake1 ,esq41
 9 ! ,we/]n ,mon?ly ,magaz9e1 = ,janu>y1
 #ahcf1 entitl$1 ,c9c9nati1 at ! close (
 #ahce4     ,,*apt] ,,xi4  ,,ill9ois4   
,situation1 ,b\nd>ies1 & ,ext5t4   ,!   
,/ate ( ,ill9ois is situat$ betwe5 #cg  
deg4 & #db deg41 #cj' ,n4 latitude2 &   
betwe5 #aj deg4 #be'1 & #ad deg4#cj' ,w4
 longitude f ,wa%+ton city4 ,x is b\nd$ 
on ! nor? by ,wiscons9 ,t]ritory1       
nor?-ea/ by lake ,mi*igan1 ea/ by       
,indiana1 s\?-ea/ & s\? by ,k5tucky1 &  
we/ by ! ,/ate & ,t]ritory ( ,miss\ri4  
,its extreme l5g? is #chj miles2 & its  
extreme wid?1 #bbj miles2 its av]age    
wid?1 #aej miles4 ,! area ( ! :ole      
,/ate1 includ+ a small portion ( lake   
,mi*igan )9 its b\nd>ies1 is #ei1cjj    
squ>e miles4  ,! wat] area ( ! ,/ate is 

ab\t #c1gej squ>e miles4 ,) ?is1 d$uct  
#e1eej squ>e miles = irreclaimable      
wa/es1 & !re rema9s #ej1jjj squ>e miles1
 or #cb millions ( acres ( arable l& 9  
,ill9ois1--a mu* great] quantity ?an is 
f\nd 9 any o!r ,/ate4 ,9 ?is e/imate1   
inundat$ l&s1 subm]g$ by high wat]s1 b  
:i* may be reclaim$ at a mod]ate exp5se1
 is includ$4  ,face ( ! ,c\ntry1 &      
qualities ( ,soil4--,! g5]al surface is 
level1 or mod]ately undulat+2 ! nor!rn &
 s\!rn portions are brok51 & some:at    
hilly1 b no portion ( ! ,/ate is trav]s$
 ) ranges ( hills or m\nta9s4 ,at ! v]ge
 ( ! alluvial soil on ! m>g9s ( riv]s1  
!re are ranges ( bluffs int]sect$ )     
rav9es4 ,! bluffs are usually f fifty to
 "o hundr$ & fifty feet high1 :]e an    
ext5d$ surface ( table l& comm5ces1     
cov]$ ) prairies & =e/s ( v>i\s %apes & 
sizes4  ,:5 exam9$ m9utely1 !re are     
sev]al v>ieties 9 ! surface ( ?is ,/ate1
 :i* w be briefly specifi$ & describ$4  
#a4 ,inundat$ ,l&s4 ,i apply ?is t]m to 
all ^? portions1 :i*1 = "s "p ( ! ye>1  

are "u wat]4 ,^! include portions ( !   
riv] bottoms1 & portions ( ! int]ior (  
l>ge prairies1 ) ! lakes & ponds :i*1 = 
half ! ye> or m1 are )\t wat]4 ,! t]m   
bottom is us$ ?r\gh\t ! ,we/1 to d5ote !
 alluvial soil on ! m>g9 ( riv]s1       
usually call$ int]vales1 9 ,new ,engl&4 
,portions ( ?is description ( l& are    
fl[$ = a long] or %ort] p]iod1 :5 !     
riv]s are full4 ,probably "o eigh? ( !  
bottom l&s are ( ?is description2 =1    
?\gh ! wat] may n /& = any l5g? ( "t1 x 
:olly prev5ts settlem5t & cultivation1  
?\gh x does n int]rupt ! gr[? ( timb] & 
vegetation4 ,^! tracts are on ! bottoms 
( ! ,waba%1 ,ohio1 ,mississippi1        
,ill9ois1 & all ! int]ior riv]s4  ,:5 ! 
riv]s rise above _! ord9>y height1 !    
wat]s ( ! small] /reams1 :i* are back$  
up by ! fre%ets ( ! =m]1 break ov] _!   
banks1 & cov] all ! l[ gr\nds4 ,"h !y /&
 = a few days1 or = _m weeks1 especially
 t[>ds ! bluffs2 = x is a /rik+ fact 9 !
 geology ( ! we/]n c\ntry1 t all ! riv] 
bottoms are high] on ! m>g9s ( ! /reams 

?an at "s di/ance back4 ,:5ev] increase 
( population %all create a dem& = ?is   
species ( soil1 ! mo/ ( x c be reclaim$ 
at comp>atively small exp5se4 ,its      
f]tility w be inexhau/ible1 & if ! wat]s
 f ! riv]s c\ld be %ut out by dykes or  
levees1 ! soil w\ld be p]fectly dry4    
,mo/ ( ! small lakes on ! ,am]ican      
bottom disappe> 9 ! summ]1 & leave a    
deposit ( vegetable matt] und]go+       
decomposition1 or a luxuriant coat (    
we$s & grass4  ,z our prairies mo/ly lie
 betwe5 ! /reams t dra9 ! c\ntry1 !     
int]ior ( ! l>ge ones are usually level4
 ,"h are =m$ ponds & lakes aft] ! w9t] &
 spr+ ra9s1 :i* rema9 to be drawn (f by 
evaporation1 or absorb$ by an adhesive  
soil4 ,h5ce ! middle ( our l>ge1 level  
prairies are wet1 & = sev]al weeks      
portions ( !m are cov]$ ) wat]4 ,to     
rem$y ?is inconv5i5ce completely1 & r5d]
 all ?is portion ( soil dry &           
productive1 only requires a dit* or dra9
 ( two or ?ree feet deep to be cut into 
! ne>e/ rav9e4 ,9 _m in/ances1 a s+le   

furr[ ) ! pl\gh1 w\ld dra9 _m acres4 ,at
 pres5t1 ?is species ( inundat$ l& (f]s 
no inconv5i5ce to ! p1 except 9 !       
production ( miasm1 & ev5 t1 p]haps1    
becomes too mu* dilut$ ) ! atmosph]e to 
produce mis*ief be=e x rea*es !         
settlem5ts on ! bord]s ( ! prairie4     
,h5ce ! inf]5ce is correct1 t our       
inundat$ l&s pres5t few] ob/acles to !  
settlem5t & gr[? ( ! c\ntry1 & c be     
reclaim$ at mu* less exp5se1 ?an !      
swamps & salt m>%es ( ! ,atlantic       
,/ates4  #b4 ,riv] ,bottoms or          
,alluvion4 ,! surface ( our alluvial    
bottoms is n entirely level4 ,9 "s      
places x resembles alt]nate waves ( !   
ocean1 & looks z ?\gh ! wat]s _h left _!
 deposit 9 ridges1 & retir$4  ,! portion
 ( bottom l& capable ( pres5t           
cultivation1 & on :i* ! wat]s nev] /&1  
if1 at an extreme fre%et1 x is cov]$1 is
 a soil ( exhau/less f]tility2 a soil t 
= ages pa/ has be5 gradually deposit$ by
 ! annual floods4 ,its av]age dep? on ! 
,am]ican bottom1 is f tw5ty to          

tw5ty-five feet4 ,logs ( wood1 & o!r    
indications1 are f\nd at t dep?4 ,! soil
 dug f wells on ^! bottoms1 produces    
luxuriantly ! fir/ ye>4  ,! mo/ ext5sive
 & f]tile tract1 ( ?is description (    
soil1 9 ?is ,/ate1 is ! ,am]ican        
,bottom1 a "n x receiv$ :5 x con/itut$ !
 we/]n b\nd>y ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 & :i* x
 has reta9$ ev] s9ce4 ,x comm5ces at !  
m\? ( ! ,kaskaskia riv]1 five miles bel[
 ! t[n ( ,kaskaskia1 & ext5ds nor?w>dly 
along ! ,mississippi to ! bluffs at     
,alton1 a di/ance ( n9ety miles4 ,its   
av]age wid? is five miles1 & conta9s    
ab\t #dej squ>e miles1 or #bhh1jjj      
acres4 ,opposite ,/4 ,l\is1 9 ,/4 ,clair
 c\nty1 ! bluffs are sev5 miles f !     
riv]1 & fill$ ) inexhau/ible b$s ( coal4
 ,! soil ( ?is bottom is an argillace\s 
or a silici\s loam1 accord+ z clay or s&
 happ5s to pr$om9ate 9 its =mation4  ,on
 ! m>g9 ( ! riv]1 & ( "s ( its lakes1 is
 a /rip ( heavy timb]1 ) a ?ick         
und]gr[?1 :i* ext5ds f half a mile to   
two miles 9 wid?2 b f !nce to ! bluffs1 

x is pr9cipally prairie4 ,x is int]sp]s$
 ) sl\ghs1 lakes1 & ponds1 ! mo/ ( :i*  
become dry 9 autumn4  ,! soil ( !       
,am]ican bottom is inexhau/ibly ri*4    
,ab\t ! ,fr5* t[ns x has be5 cultivat$1 
& produc$ corn 9 succession = m ?an a   
c5tury1 )\t exhau/+ its f]tiliz+ p[]s4  
,! only objection t c be (f]$ to ?is    
tract is its unheal?y "*4 ,?is1 h[ev]1  
has dim9i%$ consid]ably )9 eight or t5  
ye>s4 ,! geological feature notic$ 9 !  
la/ article--t all our bottoms are high]
 on ! m>g9 ( ! /ream1 ?an t[>ds !       
bluffs1 expla9s ! cause :y s mu* /&+    
wat] is on ! bottom l&1 :i*1 dur+ !     
summ]1 /agnates & ?r[s (f noxi\s        
effluvia4 ,^! lakes are usually full (  
vegetable matt] und]go+ decomposition1 &
 :i* produces l>ge quantities ( miasm4  
,"s ( ! lakes are cle> & ( a s&y bottom1
 b ! mo/ are ( a diff]5t "*4 ,! ,fr5*   
settl$ ne> a lake or a riv]1 app>5tly 9 
! mo/ unheal?y places1 & yet _!         
con/itutions are little affect$1 & !y   
usually enjoy good heal?1 ?\gh dw>fi% & 

%rivell$ 9 _! =m & features4  ,!        
villages ( ,kaskaskia1 ,prairie du      
,ro*]1 & ,cahokia1 7 built up by _!     
indu/ry 9 places :]e ,am]icans w\ld h   
p]i%$4 ,cultivation has1 no d\bt1 r5d]$ 
?is tract m salubri\s ?an =m]ly2 & an   
increase ( x1 toge!r ) ! con/ruction (  
dra9s & canals1 w make x "o ( ! mo/     
eligible 9 ! ,/ates4 ,! old inhabitants 
advise ! emigrants n to plant corn 9 !  
imm$iate vic9ity ( _! dwell+s1 z its ri*
 & massive foliage prev5ts ! sun f      
dispell+ ! delet]i\s vapors4#aa  ,^!    
lakes & ponds c\ld be dra9$ at a small  
exp5se1 & ! soil w\ld be susceptible (  
cultivation4 ,! e>ly settlem5ts ( !     
,am]icans 7 ei!r on ?is bottom1 or !    
contigu\s bluffs4  ,besides ! ,am]ican  
bottom1 !re are o!rs t resemble x 9 its 
g5]al "*1 b n 9 ext5t4 ,9 ,union c\nty1 
!re is an ext5sive bottom on ! bord]s ( 
! ,mississippi4 ,above ! m\? ( !        
,ill9ois1 & along ! bord]s ( ! c\nties (
 ,calh\n1 ,pike1 & ,adams1 !re are a    
s]ies ( bottoms1 ) mu* good & elevat$   

l&2 b ! inundat$ gr\nds ar\nd1 pres5t   
objections to a d5se population at      
pres5t4  ,! bottoms ( ,ill9ois1 :]e n   
inundat$1 are equal 9 f]tility1 & ! soil
 is less adhesive ?an mo/ p>ts ( !      
,am]ican bottom4 ,?is is likewise ! "* (
 ! bottoms 9 ! nor!rn p>ts ( ! ,/ate4   
,! bottoms ( ! ,kaskaskia are g5]ally   
cov]$ ) a heavy gr[? ( timb]1 & 9 _m    
places inundat$ :5 ! riv] is at its     
highe/ floods4  ,! ext5sive prairies    
adjo9+1 w create a dem& = all ?is timb]4
 ,! bottom l&s on ! ,waba% are ( v>i\s  
qualities4 ,ne> ! m\?1 mu* ( x is       
inundat$4 ,high] up x ov]fl[s 9 high    
fre%ets4  ,^! bottoms1 especially !     
,am]ican are ! be/ regions 9 ! ,unit$   
,/ates = rais+ /ock1 p>ticul>ly horses1 
cattle1 & sw9e4 ,sev5ty-five bu%els (   
corn to ! acre is an ord9>y crop4 ,!    
roots & worms ( ! soil1 ! acorns & o!r  
fruits f ! trees1 & ! fi% ( ! lakes1    
accel]ate ! gr[? ( sw9e4 ,horses &      
cattle f9d exhau/less supplies ( grass 9
 ! prairies2 & pea v9es1 buffalo grass1 

wild oats1 & o!r h]bage 9 ! timb]1 =    
summ] range2 & (t5 ?r\gh\t mo/ ( ! w9t]4
 ,9 all ! ru% bottoms1 !y fatt5 dur+ !  
sev]e wea!r on ru%es4 ,! bottom soil is 
n s well adapt$ to ! production ( small 
gra91 z ( maize or ,indian corn1 on     
acc\nt ( its rank gr[?1 & be+ m subject 
to bla/1 or fall d[n be=e h>ve/1 ?an on 
! upl&s4  #c4 ,prairies4 ,mu* ! l>ge/   
proportion is undulat+1 dry1 & extremely
 f]tile4 ,o!r portions are level1 & !   
soil 9 "s cases proves to be wet2--!    
wat]1 n runn+ (f freely1 is left to be  
absorb$ by ! soil1 or evaporat$ by !    
sun4 ,crawfi% ?r[ up _! hillocks 9 ?is  
soil1 & ! f>m] :o cultivates x1 w f9d 8 
labors imp$$ by ! wat]4  ,9 ! s\!rn "p1 
t is1 s\? ( ! ,national road lead+ f    
,t]re ,haute to ! ,mississippi1 !       
prairies are comp>atively small1 v>y+ 9 
size f ^? ( sev]al miles 9 wid?1 to ^?  
:i* conta9 only a few acres4 ,z we g    
nor?w>d1 !y wid5 & ext5d on ! m elevat$ 
gr\nd betwe5 ! wat] c\rses to a va/     
di/ance1 & are frequ5tly f six to twelve

 miles 9 wid?4 ,_! bord]s are by no     
means uni=m4 ,long po9ts ( timb] project
 into ! prairies1 & l9e ! banks ( !     
/reams1 & po9ts ( prairie project into !
 timb] betwe5 ^! /reams4 ,9 _m in/ances 
are copses & groves ( timb]1 f "o hundr$
 to two ?\s& acres1 9 ! mid/ ( prairies1
 l isl&s 9 ! ocean4 ,?is is a common    
feature 9 ! c\ntry betwe5 ! ,sangamon   
riv] & lake ,mi*igan1 & 9 ! nor!rn p>ts 
( ! ,/ate4 ,! lead m9e region1 bo? 9 ?is
 ,/ate & ! ,wiscons9 t]ritory1 ab\nds ) 
^! groves4  ,! orig9 ( ^! prairies has  
caus$ mu* speculation4 ,we might z well 
dispute ab\t ! orig9 ( =e/s1 ^u !       
assumption t ! natural cov]+ ( ! e>? 0  
grass4 ,probably "o half ( ! e>?'s      
surface1 9 a /ate ( nature1 0 prairies  
or b>r5s4 ,mu* ( x1 l our we/]n         
prairies1 0 cov]$ ) a luxuriant coat (  
grass & h]bage4 ,! /eppes ( ,t>t>y1 !   
pampas ( ,s\? ,am]ica1 ! savannas ( !   
,s\!rn1 & ! prairies ( ! ,we/]n ,/ates1 
designate simil> tracts ( c\ntry4       
,mesopotamia1 ,syria1 & ,judea _h _!    

anci5t prairies1 on :i* ! patri>*s f$ _!
 flocks4 ,mission>ies 9 ,burmah1 &      
travell]s 9 ! int]ior ( ,africa1 m5tion 
! same description ( c\ntry4 ,:]e ! t\gh
 sw>d ( ! prairie is once =m$1 timb] w n
 take root4 ,de/roy ?is by ! pl\gh1 or  
by any o!r me?od1 & x is soon conv]t$   
into =e/ l&4 ,!re are l>ge tracts (     
c\ntry 9 ! old] settlem5ts1 :]e1 ?irty  
or =ty ye>s s9ce1 ! f>m]s m[$ _! hay1 t 
are n[ cov]$ ) a =e/ ( "y timb] ( rapid 
gr[?4  ,! fire annually sweeps ov] !    
prairies1 de/roy+ ! grass & h]bage1     
black5+ ! surface1 & leav+ a deposit (  
a%es to enri* ! soil4  #d4 ,b>r5s4 ,?is 
t]m1 9 ! we/]n dialect1 does n indicate 
poor l&1 b a species ( surface ( a mix$ 
"*1 unit+ =e/ & prairie4  ,! timb] is   
g5]ally scatt]+1 ( a r\gh & /unt$       
appe>ance1 int]sp]s$ ) pat*es ( hazle & 
bru%wood1 & :]e ! conte/ betwe5 ! fire &
 timb] is kept up1 ea* /riv+ = ! ma/]y4 
,9 ! e>ly settlem5ts ( ,k5tucky1 mu* ( !
 c\ntry bel[ & s\? ( ,gre5 riv] pres5t$ 
a dw>fi% & /unt$ gr[? ( timb]1 scatt]$  

ov] ! surface1 or collect$ 9 clumps1 )  
hazle & %rubb]y int]mix$4 ,?is appe>ance
 l$ ! fir/ explor]s to ! inf]5ce t !    
soil itself mu/ necess>ily be poor1 to  
produce s scanty a gr[? ( timb]1 & !y   
gave ! "n ( b>r5s to ! :ole tract (     
c\ntry4 ,long s9ce1 x has be5 asc]ta9$ t
 ?is description ( l& is among/ ! mo/   
productive soil 9 ! ,/ate4 ,! t]m b>r5  
has s9ce receiv$ a v ext5sive           
application ?r\gh\t ! ,we/4 ,l all o!r  
tracts ( c\ntry1 ! b>r5s pres5t a       
consid]able div]sity ( soil4 ,9 g5]al1  
h[ev]1 ! surface is m unev5 or roll+ ?an
 ! prairies1 & soon] deg5]ates into     
rav9es & s9k-holes4 ,:]ev] timb] b>ely  
suffici5t = pres5t purposes c be f\nd1 a
 p]son ne$ n hesitate to settle 9 !     
b>r5s4 ,^! tracts are almo/ inv>iably   
heal?y2 !y possess a great] abundance ( 
pure spr+s ( wat]1 & ! soil is bett]    
adapt$ = all k9ds ( produce1 & all      
descriptions ( seasons1 wet & dry1 ?an !
 deep] & ri*] m\ld ( ! bottoms &        
prairies4  ,:5 ! fires are /opp$1 ^!    

b>r5s produce timb]1 at a rate ( :i* no 
nor!rn emigrant c h any j conception4   
,dw>fi% %rubs & small trees ( oak &     
hickory are scatt]$ ov] ! surface1 :]e =
 ye>s !y h cont5d$ ) ! fires = a        
prec>i\s exi/5ce1 :ile a mass ( roots1  
suffici5t = ! support ( l>ge trees1 h   
accumulat$ 9 ! e>?4 ,z soon z !y are    
protect$ f ! ravages ( ! annual fires1 !
 m ?rifty spr\ts %oot =?1 & 9 t5 ye>s   
are l>ge en\gh = corn cribs & /ables4   
,z ! fires on ! prairies become /opp$ by
 ! surr\nd+ settlem5ts1 & ! wild grass  
is eat5 out & trodd5 d[n by ! /ock1 !y  
beg9 to assume ! "* ( b>r5s2 fir/1 hazle
 & o!r %rubs1 & f9ally1 a ?icket ( "y   
timb]1 cov]s ! surface4  #e4 ,=e/1 or   
timb]$ ,l&4 ,9 g5]al1 ,ill9ois is       
abundantly suppli$ ) timb]1 & 7 x       
equally di/ribut$ ?r\gh ! ,/ate1 !re    
w\ld be no "p 9 want4 ,! app>5t sc>city 
( timb] :]e ! prairie pr$om9ates1 is n s
 great an ob/acle to ! settlem5t ( !    
c\ntry z has be5 suppos$4 ,= _m ( !     
purposes to :i* timb] is appli$1        

sub/itutes are f\nd4 ,! rapidity ) :i* !
 "y gr[? pu%es itself =w>d1 )\t a s+le  
ef=t on ! "p ( man to accel]ate x1 & !  
read9ess ) :i* ! prairie becomes conv]t$
 into ?ickets1 & !n into a =e/ ( "y     
timb]1 %[s t1 9 ano!r g5]ation1 timb] w 
n be want+ 9 any "p ( ,ill9ois4  ,! k9ds
 ( timb] mo/ abundant are oaks ( v>i\s  
species1 black & :ite walnut1 a% (      
sev]al k9ds1 elm1 sug> maple1 honey     
locu/1 hackb]ry1 l9d51 hickory1 cotton  
wood1 pecan1 mulb]ry1 buckeye1 sycamore1
 wild *]ry1 box eld]1 sassafras1 &      
p]simmon4 ,9 ! s\!rn & ea/]n p>ts ( !   
,/ate are yell[ popl>1 & bee*2 ne> !    
,ohio are cypress1 & 9 sev]al c\nties   
are clumps ( yell[ p9e & c$>4 ,on !     
,calamick1 ne> ! s\? end ( lake         
,mi*igan1 is a small =e/ ( :ite p9e4 ,! 
und]gr[? are r$bud1 pawpaw1 suma*1 plum1
 crab apple1 grape v9es1 dogwood1 spice 
bu%1 gre5 bri]1 hazle1 c4  ,! alluvial  
soil ( ! riv]s produces cotton wood &   
sycamore timb] ( amaz+ size4  ,= ord9>y 
purposes !re is n[ timb] en\gh 9 mo/    

p>ts ( ! ,/ate1 to say no?+ ab\t !      
artificial production ( timb]1 :i* may  
be effect$ ) little tr\ble & exp5se4 ,! 
black locu/1 a native ( ,ohio &         
,k5tucky1 may be rais$ f ! se$1 ) less  
labor ?an a nurs]y ( apple trees4 ,x is 
( rapid gr[?1 &1 z a valuable & la/+    
timb]1 claims ! att5tion ( our f>m]s4 ,x
 =ms "o ( ! cleanlie/ & mo/ beautiful   
%ades1 & :5 9 blossom gives a ri*       
prospect1 & s5ds abroad a delici\s      
fragrance4  #f4 ,knobs1 ,bluffs1        
,rav9es1 & ,s9k-holes4 ,"u ^! heads are 
includ$ tracts ( unev5 c\ntry f\nd 9    
v>i\s p>ts ( ! ,/ate4  ,knobs are ridges
 ( fl9t lime/one1 int]m+l$ & cov]$ )    
e>?1 & elevat$ "o or two hundr$ feet    
above ! common surface4 ,?is species (  
l& is ( little value = cultivation1 &   
usually has a spr9kl+ ( dw>fi%1 /unt$   
timb]1 l ! b>r5s4  ,! /eep hills &      
natural m\nds t bord] ! alluvions h     
obta9$ ! "n ( bluffs4 ,"s are 9 long1   
p>allel ridges1 o!rs are 9 ! =m ( cones 
& pyramids4 ,9 "s places precipices (   

lime/one rock1 f fifty to "o or two     
hundr$ feet high1 =m ^! bluffs4  ,rav9es
 are =m$ among/ ! bluffs1 & (t5 ne> !   
bord]s ( prairies1 :i* lead d[n to !    
/reams4  ,s9k-holes are circul>         
depressions 9 ! surface1 l a bas94 ,!y  
are ( v>i\s sizes1 f t5 to fifty feet   
deep1 & f t5 to "o or two hundr$ y>ds 9 
circumf]5ce4 ,frequ5tly !y conta9 an    
outlet = ! wat] receiv$ by ! ra9s4 ,_!  
exi/5ce %[s t ! sub/ratum is second>y   
lime/one1 ab\nd+ ) subt]rane\s cavities4
  ,!re are b few tracts ( /ony gr\nd 9 !
 ,/ate2 t is1 :]e loose /ones are       
scatt]$ ov] ! surface1 & imb$d$ 9 !     
soil4 ,t[>ds ! nor!rn "p ( ! ,/ate1     
tracts ( /ony gr\nd exi/4 ,qu>ries (    
/one exi/ 9 ! bluffs1 & 9 ! banks ( !   
/reams & rav9es ?r\gh\t ! ,/ate4  ,!    
soil is por\s1 easy to cultivate1 &     
exce$+ly productive4 ,a /rong team is   
requir$ to break up ! prairies1 on      
acc\nt ( ! firm1 grassy sw>d :i* cov]s  
!m4 ,b :5 subdu$1 !y become f9e1 arable 
l&s4  ,riv]s1 c4--,?is ,/ate is surr\nd$

 & int]sect$ by navigable /reams4 ,!    
,mississippi1 ,ohio & ,waba% riv]s are  
on ?ree sides1--! ,ill9ois1 ,kaskaskia1 
,sangamon1 ,muddy1 & _m small] /reams   
are entirely )9 its bord]s1--& !        
,kankakee1 ,fox1 ,rock1 & ,v]million ( !
 ,waba%1 run "p ( _! c\rse )9 ?is ,/ate4
 ,! ,mississippi me&]s its we/]n bord] =
 #gjj miles4 ,its pr9cipal tribut>ies )9
 ,ill9ois1 are ,rock1 ,ill9ois1         
,kaskaskia1 & ,muddy riv]s4 ,! ,ill9ois 
riv] comm5ces at ! junction ( !         
,kankakee1 :i* orig9ates ne> ! ,s\? ,b5d
 9 ,indiana1 & ! ,des ,pla9es1 :i* rises
 9 ! ,wiscons9 ,t]ritory4 ,f _!         
junction1 ! ,ill9ois runs ne>ly a we/   
c\rse1 7receiv+ ,fox riv] at ,ottawa1 & 
,v]million ne> ! foot ( ! rapids17 to   
,h5nep91 :]e x curves to ! s\? & !n to !
 s\?-we/1 receiv+ a numb] ( tribut>ies1 
! l>ge/ ( :i* are ,spoon riv] f ! "r &  
,sangamon f ! left1 till x rea*es       
,naples4 ,"h x b5ds gradually to ! s\?1 
& cont9ues t c\rse till )9 six miles ( !
 ,mississippi1 :5 x curves to ! s\?-ea/1

 & f9ally1 to ne>ly an ea/ c\rse4 ,its  
l5g?1 7)\t reckon+ ! w9d+s ( ! *annel 9 
navigation17 is ab\t #bfj miles1 & is   
navigable = /eamboats at a mod]ate /age 
( wat] to ! foot ( ! rapids4 ,! l>ge    
/reams on ! ea/]n side ( ! ,/ate are    
,iroquois1 a tribut>y to ! ,kankakee1   
,v]million ( ! ,waba%1 :i* ent]s t riv] 
9 ,indiana1 ,emb>ras1 t has its s\rce   
ne> t ( ! ,kaskaskia1 runs s\?-ea/]ly1 &
 ent]s ! ,waba% #i miles bel[ ,v9c5nes1 
& ,little ,waba% ne> its m\?4 ,along !  
,ohio1 ! only /reams des]v+ note are !  
,sal9e & ,bay creeks1 & ,ca% riv]1 ! la/
 ( :i* ent]s ! ,ohio six miles above its
 conflu5ce ) ! ,mississippi4            
,productions4--,^! are naturally class$ 
into m9]al1 animal & vegetable4         
,m9]als4 ,! nor!rn portion ( ,ill9ois is
 inexhau/ibly ri* 9 m9]al productions1  
:ile coal1 second>y lime/one1 & s&/one1 
are f\nd 9 e "p4  ,iron ore has be5 f\nd
 9 ! s\!rn p>ts ( ! ,/ate1 & is said to 
exi/ 9 consid]able quantities 9 ! nor!rn
 p>ts4  ,native copp]1 9 small          

quantities1 has be5 f\nd on ,muddy riv]1
 9 ,jackson c\nty1 & back (             
,h>risonville1 9 ! bluffs ( ,monroe     
c\nty4 ,cry/alliz$ gypsum has be5 f\nd 9
 small quantities 9 ,/4 ,clair c\nty4   
,qu>tz cry/als exi/ 9 ,gallat9 c\nty4   
,silv] is suppos$ to exi/ 9 ,/4 ,clair  
c\nty1 two miles f ,rock ,spr+1 f :5ce  
,silv] creek d]ives its "n4 ,9 e>ly     
times1 a %aft 0 sunk "h1 by ! ,fr5*1 &  
tradition tells ( l>ge quantities ( !   
preci\s metals be+ obta9$4  ,9 ! s\!rn  
"p ( ! ,/ate1 sev]al sections ( l& h be5
 res]v$ f sale1 on acc\nt ( ! silv] ore 
!y are suppos$ to conta94  ,lead is f\nd
 9 va/ quantities 9 ! nor!rn "p (       
,ill9ois1 & ! adjac5t t]ritory4 ,"h are 
! ri*e/ lead m9es hi!rto discov]$ on !  
globe4 ,?is portion ( c\ntry lies       
pr9cipally nor? ( ,rock riv] & s\? ( !  
,wiscons94 ,dubuque's1 & o!r ri* m9es1  
are we/ ( ! ,mississippi4  ,native      
copp]1 9 l>ge quantities1 exi/s 9 ?is   
region1 especially at ! m\? ( ,plum     
creek1 & on ! ,peek-a-ton-o-kee1 a bran*

 ( ,rock riv]4  ,! foll[+ is a li/ ( !  
pr9cipal digg+s 9 t portion ( ! lead m9e
 region t lies betwe5 ,rock riv] & !    
,wiscons91 embrac+ portions ( ,ill9ois  
,/ate1 & ,wiscons9 ,t]ritory4 ,"s ( ^!  
digg+s are1 probably1 rel9qui%$1 & _m   
new ones comm5c$4   ,apple ,creek1      
,,gal5a & vic9ity1  ,cave ,digg+s1      
,buncombe1  ,nat*ez1  ,h>dscrabble1     
,new ,digg+s1  ,gratiot's ,grove1       
,spulburg1  ,w4 ,s4 ,hamilton's1        
,cottle's1  ,mc,nutt's1  ,m5omonee      
,creek1  ,plattsville1  ,,cassville &   
vic9ity1  ,madd5's1  ,m9]al ,po9t1      
,dodgeville1  ,worke's ,digg+s1         
,brisbo's1  ,blue ,m\nds1  ,prairie     
,spr+s1  ,hammett  ,campbell's1         
,morrison's1  & _m o!rs4  ,am\nt ( ,lead
 ,manufactur$4 ,= _m ye>s ! ,indians1 & 
"s ( ! ,fr5* hunt]s & trad]s1 _h be5    
accu/om$ to dig lead 9 ^! regions4 ,!y  
nev] p5etrat$ mu* bel[ ! surface1 b     
obta9$ consid]able quantities ( ! ore   
:i* !y sold to ! trad]s4  ,9 #ahbc1 !   
late ,col4 ,james ,johnson1 ( ,great    

,cross+s1 ,ky41 & bro!r to ! ,hon4 ,r4  
,m4 ,johnson1 obta9$ a lease ( ! ,unit$ 
,/ates gov]nm5t1 & made arrangem5ts to  
prosecute ! bus9ess ( smelt+1 )         
consid]able =ce1 :i* he did ! foll[+    
season4 ,?is attract$ ! att5tion (      
ent]pris+ m5 9 ,ill9ois1 ,miss\ri1 & o!r
 ,/ates4 ,"s w5t on 9 #ahbf1 m foll[$ 9 
#ahbg1 & 9 #ahbh ! c\ntry 0 almo/       
lit]ally fill$ ) m9]s1 smelt]s1 m]*ants1
 speculators1 gambl]s1 & e description (
 "*4 ,intellig5ce1 ent]prise1 & virtue1 
7 ?r[n 9 ! mid/ ( dissipation1 gam+1 & e
 species ( vice4 ,su* 0 ! cr[d (        
adv5tur]s 9 #ahbi1 to ?is hi!rto almo/  
unkn[n & desolate region1 t ! lead      
bus9ess 0 greatly ov]done1 & ! m>ket =  
a:ile ne>ly de/roy$4 ,=tunes 7 made     
almo/ ^u a turn ( ! spade1 & lo/ ) equal
 facility4 ,! bus9ess has reviv$ & is   
pr(itable4 ,exhau/less quantities (     
m9]al exi/ "h1 ov] a tract ( c\ntry two 
hundr$ miles 9 ext5t4  ,! foll[+ table  
%[s ! am\nt ( lead made annually at ^!  
digg+s1 f #ahba1 to ,sept1 #cj1 #ahce3  

,lbs4 ( lead made f #ahba1 to ,sept4    
#ahbc1       #cce1acj    d4 = ! ye> end+
 ,sept4 #cj1   #ahbd1       #age1bbj    
d4            d4         d4      #ahbe1 
#ffd1ecj    d4            d4         d4 
#ahbf1       #ieh1hdb    d4             
d4         d4      #ahbg1     #e1ahb1ahj
    d4            d4         d4         
#ahbh1    #aa1aje1haj    d4             
d4         d4      #ahbi1    #ac1cdd1aej
    d4            d4         d4         
#ahcj1     #h1cbc1iih    d4             
d4         d4      #ahca1     #f1cha1ijj
    d4            d4         d4         
#ahcb1     #d1bha1hgf    d4             
d4         d4      #ahcc1     #g1ida1gib
    d4            d4         d4         
#ahcd1     #g1iga1egi    d4             
d4         d4      #ahce1     #c1ged1bij
                                        
----------                              
,total1                   #gj1dbj1ceg   
,! r5t accru+ to gov]nm5t = ! same      
p]iod1 is a fraction %ort ( six millions
 ( p\nds4 ,! gov]nm5t =m]ly receiv$ #aj 

p] c5t4 9 lead = r5t4 ,n[ x is #f p]    
c5t4  ,a "p ( ! m9]al l& 9 ! ,wiscons9  
,t]ritory has be5 survey$ & br\ght into 
m>ket1 :i* w add greatly to ! /ability &
 prosp]ity ( ! m9+ bus9ess4  ,coal4     
,bitum9\s coal ab\nds 9 ,ill9ois4 ,x may
 be se51 frequ5tly1 9 ! rav9es &        
gullies1 & 9 ! po9ts ( bluffs4          
,exhau/less b$s ( ?is article exi/ 9 !  
bluffs ( ,/4 ,clair c\nty1 bord]+ on !  
,am]ican bottom1 ( :i* l>ge quantities  
are transport$ to ,/4 ,l\is1 = fuel4    
,!re is sc>ce a c\nty 9 ! ,/ate1 b :at c
 furni% coal1 9 reasonable quantities4  
,l>ge b$s are said to exi/1 ne> !       
,v]million ( ! ,ill9ois1 & 9 ! vic9ity (
 ! rapids ( ! latt]4  ,agatiz$ ,wood4 ,a
 petrifi$ tree1 ( black walnut1 0 f\nd 9
 ! b$ ( ! riv] ,des ,pla9es1 ab\t =ty   
rods above its junction ) ! ,kankakee1  
imb$d$ 9 a horizontal position1 9 a     
/ratum ( s&/one4 ,!re is fifty-"o & a   
half feet ( ! trunk visible1--eighte5   
in*es 9 diamet] at its smalle/ end1 &   
probably ?ree feet at ! o!r end4        

,muriate ( ,soda1 or common salt4 ,?is  
is f\nd 9 v>i\s p>ts ( ! ,/ate1 held 9  
solution 9 ! spr+s4 ,! manufacture (    
salt by boil+ & evaporation is c>ri$ on 
9 ,gallat9 c\nty1 twelve miles          
we/-nor?-we/ f ,%awneet[n2 9 ,jackson   
c\nty1 ne> ,br[nsville2 & 9 ,v]million  
c\nty1 ne> ,danville4 ,! spr+s & l& are 
own$ by ! ,/ate1 & ! works leas$4  ,a   
co>se free/one1 mu* us$ 9 build+1 is dug
 f qu>ries ne> ,alton1 on !             
,mississippi1 :]e l>ge bodies exi/4     
,scatt]$ ov] ! surface ( our prairies1  
are l>ge masses ( rock1 ( granitic      
=mation1 r\ndi% 9 =m1 usually call$ by !
 p lo/ rocks4 ,!y w weigh f "o ?\s& to  
t5 or twelve ?\s& p\nds1 & are entirely 
deta*$1 & frequ5tly are f\nd sev]al     
miles-di/ant f any qu>ry4 ,nor has !re  
ev] be5 a qu>ry ( granite discov]$ 9 !  
,/ate4 ,^! /ones are d5om9at$ b[ld]s 9  
m9]alogy4 ,!y usually lie on ! surface1 
or are p>tially imb$d$ 9 ! soil ( our   
prairies1 :i* is unque/ionably (        
diluvial =mation4 ,h[ !y came "h is a "q

 ( difficult solution4  ,m$ic9al ,wat]s1
 are f\nd 9 diff]5t p>ts ( ! ,/ate4 ,^! 
are *iefly sulphur spr+s & *alybeate    
wat]s4 ,!re is said to be "o well 9 !   
s\!rn "p ( ! ,/ate /rongly impregnat$ ) 
! sulphate ( magnesia1 or ,epsom salts1 
f :i* consid]able quantities h be5 made 
= sale1 by simply evaporat+ ! wat]1 9 a 
kettle1 ov] a common fire4  ,!re are    
sev]al sulphur spr+s 9 ,jeff]son c\nty1 
to :i* p]sons resort = heal?4           
,vegetable ,productions4 ,! pr9cipal    
trees & %rubs ( ,ill9ois h be5 notic$ "u
 ! head ( ,=e/ or timb]$ l&4 ,( oaks !re
 are sev]al species1 z ov]cup1 burr oak1
 swamp or wat] oak1 :ite oak1 r$ or     
,spani% oak1 po/ oak1 & black oak (     
sev]al v>ieties1 ) ! black jack1 a      
dw>fi%1 gn>l$ look+ tree1 excell5t =    
fuel1 b good = no?+ else4  ,! black     
walnut is mu* us$ = build+ mat]ials &   
cab9et "w1 & su/a9s a f9e poli%4  ,9 mo/
 p>ts ( ! ,/ate1 grape v9es1 indig5\s to
 ! c\ntry1 are abundant1 :i* yield      
grapes t might advantage\sly be made    

into excell5t w9e4 ,=eign v9es are      
susceptible ( easy cultivation4 ,^! are 
cultivat$ to a consid]able ext5t at     
,vevay1 ,switz]l& c\nty1 ,indiana1 & at 
,new ,h>mony on ! ,waba%4 ,! indig5\s   
v9es are prolific1 & produce excell5t   
fruit4 ,!y are f\nd 9 e v>iety ( soil2  
int]wov5 9 e ?icket 9 ! prairies &      
b>r5s2 & climb+ to ! tops ( ! v highe/  
trees on ! bottoms4 ,! ,fr5* 9 e>ly     
times1 made s mu* w9e z to export "s to 
,france2 ^u :i* ! prop] au?orities      
prohibit$ ! introduction ( w9e f        
,ill9ois1 le/ x might injure ! sale ( t 
/aple article ( ! k+dom4 ,i ?9k ! act 0 
pass$ by ! bo>d ( trade1 9 #aggd4  ,!   
editor ( ! ,ill9ois ,magaz9e rem>ks1 ,we
 "k "o g5tleman :o made tw5ty-sev5      
b>rels ( w9e 9 a s+le season1 f ! grapes
 ga!r$ ) b little labor1 9 8 imm$iate   
neighborhood4  ,! wild plum is f\nd 9 e 
"p ( ! ,/ate2 b 9 mo/ in/ances ! fruit  
is too s\r = use1 unless = pres]ves4    
,crab apples are equally prolific1 &    
make f9e pres]ves ) ab\t d\ble _! bulk (

 sug>4 ,wild *]ries are equally         
productive4 ,! p]simmon is a delici\s   
fruit1 aft] ! fro/ has de/roy$ its      
a/r+5t prop]ties4 ,! black mulb]ry gr[s 
9 mo/ p>ts1 & is us$ = ! fe$+ (         
silk-worms ) success4 ,!y appe> to ?rive
 & sp9 z well z on ! ,italian mulb]ry4  
,! gooseb]ry1 /rawb]ry1 & blackb]ry1 gr[
 wild & 9 great pr(usion4 ,( our nuts1 !
 hickory1 black walnut1 & pecan1 des]ve 
notice4 ,! la/ is an oblong1 ?9 %ell$1  
delici\s nut1 t gr[s on a l>ge tree1 a  
species ( ! hickory1 7! ,c>ya olivae    
=mis ( ,nuttall47 ,! pawpaw gr[s 9 !    
bottoms1 & ri*1 timb]$ upl&s1 & produces
 a l>ge1 pulpy1 & lusci\s fruit4 ,(     
dome/ic fruits1 ! apple & pea* are      
*iefly cultivat$4 ,pe>s are tol]ably    
pl5ty 9 ! ,fr5* settlem5ts1 & qu9ces are
 cultivat$ ) success by "s ,am]icans4   
,apples are easily cultivat$1 & are v   
productive4 ,!y c be made to be> fruit  
to consid]able advantage 9 sev5 ye>s f !
 se$4 ,_m v>ieties are ( f9e flavor1 &  
gr[ to a l>ge size4 ,i h measur$ apples1

 ! gr[? ( ,/4 ,clair c\nty1 t exce$$    
?irte5 in*es 9 circumf]5ce4 ,"s ( ! e>ly
 ,am]ican settl]s provid$ or*>ds4 ,!y n[
 reap ! advantages4 ,b a l>ge proportion
 ( ! population ( ! fronti]s are cont5t 
)\t ?is indisp5sable article 9 ! com=ts 
( a ,yankee f>m]4 ,cid] is made 9 small 
quantities 9 ! old settlem5ts4 ,9 a few 
ye>s1 a supply ( ?is bev]age c be _h 9  
mo/ p>ts ( ,ill9ois4  ,pea* trees gr[ ) 
great rapidity1 & decay proportionably  
soon4 ,f t5 to fifte5 ye>s may be       
consid]$ ! life ( ?is tree4 ,our pea*es 
are delici\s1 b !y sometimes fail by be+
 de/roy$ 9 ! g]m by w9t] fro/s4 ,! bud  
swells prematurely4  ,g>d5 ,vegetables c
 be produc$ "h 9 va/ pr(usion1 & (      
excell5t quality4  ,t we h few ( !      
elegant & well dress$ g>d5s ( g5tlem5 9 
! old /ates1 is admitt$2 :i* is n ow+ to
 climate1 or soil1 b to ! want ( leisure
 & means4  ,our ,iri% potatoes1 pumpk9s 
& squa%es are inf]ior1 b n our cabbages1
 peas1 beets1 or onions4  ,a cabbage    
head1 two or ?ree feet 9 diamet] includ+

 ! leaves1 is no wond] on ?is soil4     
,beets (t5 exce$ twelve in*es 9         
circumf]5ce4 ,p>snips w p5etrate our    
light1 por\s soil1 to ! dep? ( two or   
?ree feet4  ,! cultivat$ vegetable      
productions 9 ! field1 are maize or     
,indian corn1 :eat1 oats1 b>ley1        
buck:eat1 ,iri% potatoes1 sweet         
potatoes1 turnips1 rye = horse fe$ &    
di/ill]ies1 tobacco1 cotton1 hemp1 flax1
 ! ca/or bean1 & e o!r production common
 to ! ,middle ,/ates4  ,maize is a /aple
 production4 ,no f>m] c live )\t x1 &   
hundr$s raise little else4 ,?is is      
*iefly ow+ to ! ease ) :i* x is         
cultivat$4 ,its av]age produce is fifty 
bu%els to ! acre4 ,i h (t5times se5 x   
produce sev5ty-five bu%els to ! acre1 & 
9 a few in/ances1 exce$ "o hundr$4      
,:eat yields a good & sure crop1        
especially 9 ! c\nties bord]+ on !      
,ill9ois riv]4 ,x weighs upw>ds ( #fj   
p\nds p] bu%el2 & fl\r f ?is region has 
pref]5ce 9 ! ,new ,orleans m>ket1 &     
passes bett] inspection ?an ! same      

article f ,ohio or ,k5tucky4  ,9 #ahbe1 
! weevil1 = ! fir/ "t1 made its         
appe>ance 9 ,/4 ,clair & ! adjac5t      
c\nties1 & has occasionally r5ew$ its   
visits s9ce4 ,latt]ly1 "s fields h be5  
injur$ by ! fly4  ,a common1 b slov5ly  
practice among/ our f>m]s1 is1 to s[    
:eat among/ ! /&+ corn1 9 ,septemb]1 &  
cov] x by runn+ a few furr[s ) ! pl\gh  
betwe5 ! r[s ( corn4 ,! dry /alks are !n
 cut d[n 9 ! spr+1 & left on ! gr\nd4   
,ev5 by ?is imp]fect mode1 fifte5 or    
tw5ty bu%els ( :eat to ! acre are       
produc$4 ,b :]e ! gr\nd is duly prep>$  
by fall[+1 & ! se$ put 9 at ! prop] "t1 
a good crop1 av]ag+ f tw5ty-five to     
?irty-five bu%els p] acre1 r>ely fails  
to be procur$4  ,! av]age price ( :eat  
at pres5t is a doll> p] bu%el1 v>y+ a   
little accord+ to ! competition ( mills 
& facilities to m>ket4 ,9 _m in/ances a 
s+le crop ( :eat w m ?an pay ! exp5ses (
 pur*as+ ! l&1 f5c+1 break+ ! prairie1  
se$1 putt+ 9 ! crop1 h>ve/+1 ?re%+1 &   
tak+ x to m>ket4 ,:eat is n[ frequ5tly  

s[n on ! prairie l& z a fir/ crop1 & a  
good yield obta9$4  ,fl\r+ mills are n[ 
9 op]ation 9 _m ( ! :eat gr[+ c\nties4  
,/eam p[] is gett+ into ext5sive use bo?
 = saw+ timb]1 & manufactur+ fl\r4  ,x  
is to be regrett$1 t s few ( our f>m]s h
 erect$ b>ns = ! security ( _! crops4   
,no article is m pr(itable1 & really m  
indisp5sable to a f>m]1 ?an a l>ge b>n4 
,oats h n be5 mu* rais$ till lately4 ,!y
 are v productive1 (t5 yield+ f =ty to  
fifty bu%els on ! acre1 & usually sell =
 tw5ty-five c5ts ! bu%el4 ,! dem& = !   
use ( /age & travell]s' horses is       
increas+4  ,hemp is an indig5\s plant 9 
! s\!rn "p ( ?is ,/ate1 z x is 9        
,miss\ri4 ,x has n be5 ext5sively       
cultivat$2 b :]ev] tri$1 is f\nd v      
productive1 & ( an excell5t quality4 ,x 
might be made a /aple ( ! c\ntry4       
,tobacco1 ?\gh a fil?y & noxi\s we$1 :i*
 no human be+ ought ev] to use1 c be    
produc$ 9 any quantity1 & ( ! fir/      
quality1 9 ,ill9ois4  ,cotton1 = _m     
ye>s1 has be5 successfully cultivat$ 9  

?is ,/ate = dome/ic use1 & "s =         
exportation4 ,two or ?ree sp9n+         
factories are 9 op]ation1 & produce     
cotton y>n f ! gr[? ( ! c\ntry ) promis+
 success4 ,?is bran* ( bus9ess admits ( 
enl>gem5t1 & invites ! att5tion ( ea/]n 
manufactur]s ) small capital4 ,mu* ( !  
clo? made 9 families :o h emigrat$ f    
,/ates s\? ( ! ,ohio is f ! cotton ( !  
c\ntry4  ,flax is produc$1 & ( a        
tol]able quality1 b n equal to t ( !    
,nor!rn ,/ates4 ,x is said to be        
productive & good 9 ! nor!rn c\nties4   
,b>ley yields well1 & is a sure crop4   
,! palma *ri/i1 or ca/or oil bean1 is   
produc$ 9 consid]able quantities 9      
,madison1 ,r&olph1 & o!r c\nties1 & l>ge
 quantities ( oil are express$ & s5t    
abroad4  ,sweet ,potatoes are a delici\s
 root1 & yield abundantly1 especially on
 ! ,am]ican bottom1 & ri* s&y prairies4 
,b little has be5 done to introduce     
cultivat$ grasses4 ,! prairie grass     
looks co>se & unsavory1 & yet our horses
 & cattle w ?rive well on x4  ,to       

produce timo?y ) success1 ! gr\nd mu/ be
 well cultivat$ 9 ! summ]1 ei!r by an   
e>ly crop1 or by fall[+1 & ! se$ s[n    
ab\t ! #bj? ( ,septemb]1 at ! rate ( t5 
or twelve qu>ts ( clean se$ to ! acre1 &
 lightly bru%$ 94  ,if ! season is 9 any
 way favorable1 x w get a rapid />t be=e
 w9t]4 ,by ! la/ week 9 ,june1 x w      
produce two tons p] acre1 ( ! f9e/ hay4 
,x !n requires a dress+ ( /able or y>d  
manure1 & occasionally ! turf may be    
scrat*$ ) a h>r[1 to prev5t ! roots f   
b9d+ too h>d4 ,by ?is process1 timo?y   
mead[s may be made & pres]v$4 ,!re are  
mead[s 9 ,/4 ,clair c\nty1 :i* h yield$ 
heavy crops ( hay 9 succession1 = sev]al
 ye>s1 & bid fair to cont9ue = an       
indef9ite p]iod4 ,cattle1 & especially  
horses1 %\ld nev] be p]mitt$ to run 9   
mead[s 9 ,ill9ois4 ,! fall grass may be 
cropp$ d[n by calves & colts4 ,!re is b 
little m labor requir$ to produce a crop
 ( timo?y1 ?an a crop ( oats1 & z !re is
 n a /one or a pebble to int]rupt1 !    
soil may be turn$ up e ?ird or f\r? ye> 

= corn1 & aft]w>ds laid d[n to grass    
aga94  ,a species ( blue grass is       
cultivat$ by "s f>m]s = pa/ures4 ,if    
well set1 & n eat5 d[n 9 summ]1 blue    
grass pa/ures may be kept gre5 & fre%   
till late 9 autumn1 or ev5 9 ! w9t]4 ,! 
,engli% spire grass has be5 cultivat$ ) 
success 9 ! ,waba% c\ntry4  ,( !        
trefoil1 or clov]1 !re is b little      
cultivat$4 ,a prejudice exi/s aga9/ x1 z
 x is imag9$ to injure horses by affect+
 ! gl&s ( ! m\?1 & caus+ !m to slav]4 ,x
 gr[s luxuriantly1 & may be cut = hay   
e>ly 9 ,june4 ,! :ite clov] comes 9     
naturally1 :]e ! gr\nd has be5          
cultivat$1 & ?r[n by1 or along ! sides (
 old roads & pa?s4 ,clov] pa/ures w\ld  
be excell5t = sw9e4  ,animals4 ,( wild  
animals !re are sev]al species4 ,!      
buffalo is n f\nd on ?is side !         
,mississippi1 nor )9 sev]al hundr$ miles
 ( ,/4 ,l\is4 ,?is animal once roam$ at 
l>ge ov] ! prairies ( ,ill9ois1 & 0 f\nd
 9 pl5ty1 ?irty-five ye>s s9ce4 ,wolves1
 pan!rs & wild cats1 /ill exi/ on !     

fronti]s1 & ?r\gh ! unsettl$ portions ( 
! c\ntry1 & annoy ! f>m] by de/roy+ 8   
%eep & pigs4  ,de] are also v num]\s1 & 
are valuable1 p>ticul>ly to t class (   
our population :i* has be5 rais$ to     
fronti] habits2 ! fle% af=d+ !m food1 & 
! sk9s1 clo?+4 ,fre% v5ison hams usually
 sell = tw5ty-five c5ts ea*1 & :5       
prop]ly cur$1 are a delici\s article4   
,_m ( ! fronti] p dress _! sk9s1 & make 
!m into pantaloons & hunt+ %irts4 ,^!   
articles are indisp5sable to all :o h   
occasion to travel 9 view+ l&1 or = any 
o!r purpose1 beyond ! settlem5ts1 z clo?
 g>m5ts1 9 ! %rubs & v9es1 w\ld soon be 
9 /r+s4  ,x is a novel & pleasant sight 
to a /rang]1 to see ! de] 9 flocks (    
eight1 t51 or fifte5 9 numb]1 fe$+ on ! 
grass ( ! prairies1 or b\nd+ away at !  
sight ( a travell]4  ,! br[n be> is also
 an inhabitant ( ! unsettl$ p>ts ( ?is  
,/ate1 al?\gh he is cont9ually retreat+ 
be=e ! advance ( civilization4  ,foxes1 
raccoons1 opossums1 goph]s1 & squirrels1
 are also num]\s1 z are muskrats1 ott]s1

 & occasionally beav]1 ab\t our riv]s & 
lakes4 ,raccoons are v common1 &        
frequ5tly d mis*ief 9 ! fall1 to our    
corn4 ,opossums sometimes tr\ble !      
p\ltry4  ,! goph] is a s+ul> little     
animal1 ab\t ! size ( a squirrel4 ,x    
burr[s 9 ! gr\nd1 is seldom se51 b its  
works make x kn[n4 ,x labors dur+ !     
night1 9 digg+ subt]ranean passages 9 ! 
ri* soil ( ! prairies1 & ?r[s up        
hillocks ( fre% e>?1 )9 a few feet      
di/ance f ea* o!r1 & f twelve to eighte5
 in*es 9 height4  ,! gray & fox         
squirrels (t5 d mis*ief 9 ! cornfields1 
& ! hunt+ ( !m makes f9e sport = ! boys4
  ,common rabbits exi/ 9 e ?icket1 &    
annoy nurs]ies & "y or*>ds exce$+ly4 ,! 
f5ce ar\nd a nurs]y mu/ always be s     
close z to %ut out rabbits2 & "y apple  
trees mu/ be secur$1 at ! approa* (     
w9t]1 by ty+ /raw or corn /alks ar\nd _!
 bodies1 = two or ?ree feet 9 height1 or
 ! b>k w be /ripp$ (f by ^! mis*iev\s   
animals4  ,wild horses are f\nd rang+ ! 
prairies & =e/s 9 "s p>ts ( ! ,/ate4 ,!y

 are small 9 size1 ( ! ,indian or       
,canadian bre$1 & v h>dy4 ,!y are f\nd  
*iefly 9 ! l[] end ( ! ,am]ican ,bottom1
 ne> ! junction ( ! ,kaskaskia &        
,mississippi riv]s1 call$ ! ,po9t4 ,!y  
are ! (fspr+ ( ! horses br\ght !re by ! 
fir/ settl]s1 & :i* 7 suff]$ to run at  
l>ge4 ,! ,indians ( ! ,we/ h _m su*     
horses1 :i* are commonly call$ ,indian  
ponies4  ,dome/ic ,animals4 ,^! are !   
same z are f\nd 9 o!r portions ( !      
,unit$ ,/ates4 ,b little has be5 done to
 improve ! bre$ ( horses among/ u4 ,our 
common rid+ or work+ horses av]age ab\t 
fifte5 h&s 9 height4 ,horses are mu* m  
us$ "h ?an 9 ! ,ea/]n ,/ates1 & _m a    
f>m] keeps half a doz5 or m4 ,mu* ( !   
travell+ ?r\gh\t ! ,we/]n c\ntry1 bo? by
 m5 & wom51 is p]=m$ on horseback2 & a  
l>ge proportion ( ! l& c>riage is by    
means ( l>ge wagons1 ) f f\r to six /\t 
horses = a team4 ,a great proportion ( !
 pl\gh+ is p]=m$ by horse labor4 ,horses
 are m subject to diseases 9 ?is c\ntry 
?an 9 ! old ,/ates1 :i* is ?\ght to be  

occasion$ by bad managem5t1 r ?an by !  
climate4 ,a good f>m horse c be pur*as$ 
= fifty doll>s4 ,rid+ or c>riage horses1
 ( a sup]ior quality1 co/ ab\t          
sev5ty-five or eighty doll>s4 ,bre$+    
m>es are pr(itable /ock = e f>m] to     
keep1 z _! annual exp5se 9 keep+ is b   
trifl+3 _! labor is always ne$$1 & _!   
colts1 :5 gr[n1 f9d a ready m>ket4 ,"s  
f>m]s keep a /allion1 & eight or t5     
brood m>es4  ,mules are br\ght into     
,miss\ri1 & f9d _! way to ,ill9ois1 f ! 
,mexican dom9ions4 ,!y are a h>dy       
animal1 gr[ to a good size1 & are us$ by
 "s1 bo? = labor & rid+4  ,our neat     
cattle are usually inf]ior 9 size to ^? 
( ! old ,/ates4 ,?is is ow+ entirely to 
bad managem5t4 ,our c[s are n p5n$ up 9 
pa/ure fields1 b suff]$ to run at l>ge  
ov] ! commons4 ,h5ce all ! calves are   
pres]v$1 )\t respect to quality1 to     
entice ! c[s homew>d at ev5+4  ,9 autumn
 _! food is v scanty1 & dur+ ! w9t] !y  
are p]mitt$ to pick up a prec>i\s       
subsi/5ce among/ fifty or a hundr$ head 

( cattle4 ,) su* managem5t1 is x        
surpris+ t our c[s & /e]s are mu*       
inf]ior to ^? ( ! old ,/ates8  ,& yet1  
our beef is ! f9e/ 9 ! _w4 ,x be>s ! be/
 inspection ( any 9 ! ,new ,orleans     
m>ket4 ,by ! fir/ ( ,june1 & (t5 by !   
middle ( ,may1 our "y cattle on !       
prairies are fit = m>ket4 ,!y d n yield 
l>ge quantities ( tall[1 b ! fat is well
 proportion$ ?r\gh\t ! c>cass1 & ! meat 
t5d] & delici\s4 ,by inf]iority1 !n1 ,i 
mean ! size ( our cattle 9 g5]al1 & !   
quantity & quality ( ! milk ( c[s4      
,common c[s1 if suff]$ to lose _! milk 9
 ,augu/1 become suffici5tly fat = table 
use by ,octob]4 ,fall[ heif]s & /e]s1   
are good beef1 & fit = ! knife at any   
p]iod aft] ! middle ( ,may4 ,no?+ is m  
common ?an = an ,ill9ois f>m] to g among
 8 /ock1 select1 %oot d[n1 & dress a f9e
 beef1 :5ev] fre% meat is ne$$4 ,?is is 
(t5 divid$ out among/ ! neighbors1 :o 9 
turn1 kill & %>e likewise4 ,x is common 
at camp & o!r l>ge meet+s1 to kill a    
beef & ?ree or f\r hogs = ! subsi/5ce ( 

fri5ds f a di/ance4  ,/e]s f ?ree ye>s  
old or m1 h be5 pur*as$ 9 great numb]s 9
 ,ill9ois1 by drov]s f ,ohio4 ,cattle   
are sometimes s5t 9 flat boats d[n !    
,mississippi & ,ohio1 = ! ,new ,orleans 
m>ket4  ,we c h>dly place limits ^u !   
am\nt ( beef cattle t ,ill9ois is       
capable ( produc+4 ,a f>m] calls himself
 poor1 ) a hundr$ head ( horn$ cattle   
ar\nd him4 ,a c[ 9 ! spr+ is wor? f sev5
 to t5 or fifte5 doll>s4 ,"s ( ! be/    
quality w sell high]4 ,& let x be       
di/9ctly und]/ood1 once = all1 t a poor 
man c always pur*ase horses1 cattle1    
hogs1 & provisions1 = labor1 ei!r by !  
day1 mon?1 or job4  ,c[s1 9 g5]al1 d n  
produce ! same am\nt ( milk1 nor ( z ri*
 a quality z 9 old] ,/ates4 ,some?+ is  
to be attribut$ to ! nature ( our       
pa/ures1 & ! w>m? ( our climate1 b m to 
causes already assign$4 ,if ev] a l& 0  
*>act]iz$ ju/ly1 z fl[+ ) milk & honey1 
x is ,ill9ois & ! adjac5t ,/ates4 ,f !  
spr++ ( ! grass till ,septemb]1 butt] is
 made 9 great pr(usion4 ,x sells at t   

season 9 m>ket = ab\t t5 c5ts4 ,) prop] 
c>e x c be pres]v$ 9 tol]able sweetness 
= w9t]'s use4 ,late 9 autumn & e>ly 9 ! 
w9t]1 sometimes butt] is n pl5ty4 ,! fe$
 becomes dry1 ! c[s range fur!r (f1 & d 
n come up readily = milk+1 & dry up4 ,a 
v little tr\ble w\ld enable a f>m] to   
keep ?ree or f\r good c[s 9 fre% milk at
 ! season mo/ ne$$4  ,*eese is made by  
_m families1 especially 9 ! c\nties     
bord]+ on ! ,ill9ois riv]4 ,good *eese  
sells = eight & sometimes t5 c5ts1 &    
f9ds a ready m>ket4  ,sw9e4 ,?is species
 ( /ock may be call$ a /aple 9 !        
provision ( ,ill9ois4 ,?\s&s ( hogs are 
rais$ )\t any exp5se1 except a few      
bre$]s to />t )1 & a little att5tion 9  
hunt+ !m on ! range1 & keep+ !m tame4   
,pork t is made 9 a dome/ic way & fatt$ 
on corn1 w sell f ?ree to f\r & five    
doll>s1 accord+ to size1 quality1 & ! "t
 :5 x is deliv]$4 ,) a pa/ure ( clov] or
 blue grass1 a well-fill$ corn crib1 a  
dairy1 & slop b>rel1 & ! usual c>e t a  
,new ,engl&] be/[s on 8 pigs1 pork may  

be rais$ f ! s[1 fatt$1 & kill$1 & weigh
 f two hundr$ to two hundr$ & fifty1 )9 
twelve mon?s2 & ?is me?od ( rais+ pork  
w\ld be pr(itable4  ,few families 9 !   
we/ & s\? put up _! pork 9 salt pickle4 
,_! me?od is to salt x suffici5tly to   
prep>e x = smok+1 & !n make bacon (     
hams1 %\ld]s1 & middl+s or broadsides4  
,! price ( bacon1 tak+ ! hog r\nd1 is   
ab\t sev5 & eight c5ts4 ,good hams comm&
 eight & t5 c5ts 9 ! ,/4 ,l\is m>ket4   
,/ock hogs1 weigh+ f sixty to "o hundr$ 
p\nds1 alive1 usually sell f "o to two  
doll>s p] head4 ,families consume mu* m 
meat 9 ! ,we/ 9 proportion to numb]s1   
?an 9 ! old ,/ates4  ,%eep d v well 9   
?is c\ntry1 especially 9 ! old]         
settlem5ts1 :]e ! grass has become %ort1
 & !y are less mole/$ by wolves4        
,p\ltry is rais$ 9 great pr(usion1--&   
l>ge numb]s ( f[ls tak5 to m>ket4       
,ducks1 geese1 swans1 & _m o!r aquatic  
birds1 visit our wat]s 9 ! spr+4 ,!     
small lakes & sl\ghs are (t5 lit]ally   
cov]$ ) !m4 ,ducks1 & "s ( ! re/1       

frequ5tly /ay ?r\gh ! summ] & bre$4  ,! 
prairie f[l is se5 9 great numb]s on !  
prairies 9 ! summ]1 & ab\t ! corn fields
 9 ! w9t]4 ,?is is ! gr\se ( ! ,new     
,york m>ket4 ,!y are easily tak5 9 !    
w9t]4  ,p>tridges1 7! quail ( ,new      
,engl&17 are tak5 ) nets1 9 ! w9t]1 by  
hundr$s 9 a day1 & furni% no trifl+ item
 9 ! luxuries ( ! city m>ket4  ,bees4   
,^! labori\s & useful insects are f\nd 9
 ! trees ( e =e/4 ,_m ( ! fronti] p make
 x a prom95t bus9ess1 aft] ! fro/ has   
kill$ ! vegetation1 to hunt !m = ! honey
 & wax1 bo? ( :i* f9d a ready m>ket4    
,bees are pr(itable /ock = ! f>m]1 & are
 kept to a consid]able ext5t4           
,silk-worms are rais$ by a few p]sons4  
,!y are capable ( be+ produc$ to any    
ext5t1 & f$ on ! common black mulb]ry ( 
! c\ntry4  ,manufactures4--,9 ! infancy 
( a /ate1 little c be expect$ 9 ma*9]y &
 manufactures4 ,& 9 a region s mu*      
defici5t 9 wat] p[] z "s p>ts ( ,ill9ois
 is1 /ill less may be look$ =4 ,yet     
,ill9ois is n entirely defici5t 9       

manufactur+ ent]prise4  ,salt4 ,!       
pr9cipal sal9es ( ?is ,/ate h be5       
m5tion$ "u ! head ( m9]als4  ,! pr9cipal
 works are at ,gallat91 ,big ,muddy1 &  
,v]million sal9es4  ,/eam ,mills = fl\r+
 & saw+ are becom+ v common1 & 9 g5]al  
are pr(itable4 ,"s are n[ 9 op]ation )  
f\r run ( /ones1 & :i* manufacture "o   
hundr$ b>rels ( fl\r 9 a day4 ,mills    
propell$ by /eam1 wat]1 & animal p[]1   
are con/antly increas+4 ,/eam mills w   
become num]\s1 p>ticul>ly 9 ! s\!rn &   
middle portions ( ! ,/ate1 & x is des]v+
 rem>k t1 :ile ^! portions are n well   
suppli$ ) durable wat] p[]1 !y conta91 9
 ! timb] ( ! =e/1 & ! inexhau/ible      
bodies ( bitum9\s coal1 abundant        
supplies ( fuel2 :ile ! nor!rn portion1 
?\gh defici5t 9 fuel1 has abundant wat] 
p[]4  ,a good /eam saw-mill ) two saws c
 be built = #a1ejj2 & a /eam fl\r+ mill 
) two run ( /ones1 elevators1 & o!r     
app>atus complete1 & ( suffici5t =ce to 
turn out =ty or fifty b>rels ( fl\r p]  
day1 may be built = f #c1ejj to #e1jjj4 

,ox mills on an incl9$ plane1 & horse   
mills by draught1 are common ?r\gh !    
c\ntry4  ,ca/or ,oil4 ,consid]able      
quantities ( ?is article h be5          
manufactur$ 9 ,ill9ois f ! palma *ri/i1 
or ca/or bean4 ,"o bu%el ( ! beans w    
make ne>ly two gallons ( ! oil4 ,!re are
 five or six ca/or oil presses 9 !      
,/ate1 9 ,madison1 ,r&olph1 ,edw>ds1 &  
p]haps 9 o!r c\nties4 ,mr4 ,adams (     
,edw>dsville1 9 #ahbe1 made #ejj        
gallons1 :i* !n sold at ! rate ( two    
doll>s fifty c5ts p] gallon4 ,9 #ahbf1  
he made #hjj gallons2 9 #ahbg1 #ajjj    
gallons1--! price !n1 "o doll>          
sev5ty-five c5ts3 9 #ahbh1 #ahjj        
gallons1 price "o doll>4 ,9 #ahcj1 he   
/>t$ two presses & made upw>ds ( #aj1jjj
 gallons1 :i* sold = f sev5ty-five to   
eighty-sev5 c5ts p] gallon3 9 #ahca1    
ab\t ! same quantity4 ,t & ! foll[+     
season be+ unfavorable = ! production ( 
! bean1 !re has be5 a fall+ (f 9 !      
quantity4 ,! am\nt manufactur$ 9 o!r    
p>ts ( ! ,/ate has probably exce$$ t    

made by ,mr4 ,adams4  ,lead4 ,9 ,jo     
,daviess c\nty are eight or t5 furnaces 
= smelt+ lead4 ,! am\nt ( ?is article   
made annually at ! m9es ( ! ,upp]       
,mississippi1 has be5 giv5 "u ! head (  
m9]als4  ,boat ,build+ w soon become a  
bran* ( bus9ess 9 ?is ,/ate4 ,"s        
/eamboats h be5 con/ruct$ already )9 ?is
 ,/ate1 along ! ,mississippi4 ,x is     
?\ght t ,alton & ,*icago are conv5i5t   
sites = ?is bus9ess4  ,!re is 9 ?is     
,/ate1 z 9 all ! ,we/]n ,/ates1 a l>ge  
am\nt ( dome/ic manufactures made by    
families4 ,all ! trades1 ne$ful to a new
 c\ntry1 are 9 exi/5ce4 ,c>p5t]s1 wagon 
mak]s1 cab9et mak]s1 blacksmi?s1        
tann]ies1 c41 may be f\nd 9 e c\nty &   
t[n1 & ?\s&s m are want$4  ,!re has be5 
a consid]able fall+ (f 9 ! manufacture (
 :iskey )9 a few ye>s1 & x is s9c]ely   
hop$ by ?\s&s ( citiz5s1 t ?is bran* (  
bus9ess1 s decid$ly injuri\s to ! morals
 & happ9ess ( communities & individuals1
 w entirely decl9e4  ,sev]al companies =
 manufactur+ purposes1 h be5 incorporat$

 by ! legislature4  ,civil              
,divisions4--,!re are #ff c\nties laid  
(f 9 ?is ,/ate1 #ei ( :i* are organiz$ =
 judicial purposes4 ,! six la/ nam$ 9 ! 
foll[+ table 7 laid (f at ! rec5t       
session ( ! legislature1 ,jan4 #ahcf4 ,!
 c\nty ( ,w 0 =m$ f portions ( ,cook1   
,lasalle1 & ,iroquois1 ) ! t[n ( ,juliet
 = its seat ( ju/ice1 ne> ! junction ( !
 ,kankakee & ,des ,pla9es4  ,9 ?is      
,/ate1 !re are no civil divisions into  
t[n%ips z 9 ,ohio1 ,indiana1 c4 ,!      
t[n%ip tracts ( six miles squ>e1 9 !    
public surveys1 relate exclusively to ! 
l& sy/em4 ,! ,/ate is divid$ into ?ree  
di/ricts to elect repres5tatives to     
,congress1 & into six circuits =        
judicial purposes4   ,,tabul> ,,view ,,(
 ,,! ,,c\nties4                         
----------------------------------------
-------------------------------------   
,di/ance               ,date (          
,squ>e,votes   ,population,,seats ,,(   
be>+ f  ,,c\nties4   =mation4miles49    
#ahcd4 #ahce4    ,,ju/ice4      ,v&alia4

                                        
----------------------------------------
-------------------------------------   
,adams1         #ahbe     #hbj   #gbh   
#gjdb   ,qu9cy1       #age n4 w4        
,alex&]1     #ahai     #cge   #bdi      
#bjej   ,unity1        #ace s4  ,bond1  
#ahag     #cfj   #eai      #cehj        
,gre5ville1    #ai w4 s4 w4  ,calh\n1   
#ahbe     #bfj   #aea      #ajia        
,gilhead1      #acd w4 n4 w4  ,*ampaign1
     #ahcc     #hfd   #ajb      #ajde   
,urbanna1      #ajc n4 n4 e4  ,cl>k1    
#ahai     #ejj   #dea      #cdac        
,d>w91,a or  #hb e4 n4 e4               
,m>%all1     ,clay1          #ahbd      
#fbj   #agb      #afdh   ,maysville1    
#ej s4 e4  ,cl9ton1       #ahbd     #ejj
   #dad      #bfdh   ,c>lyle1       #bh 
s4 s4 w4  ,craw=d1      #ahaf     #cgh  
#eai      #cedj   ,pale/9e1    #ajj e4  
,coles1         #ahcj    #abdh   #fhj   
#eabe   ,*>le/on1    #ge n4 e4  ,cook1  
#ahcj     ,b   #ebh      #ihbf          
,*icago1      #bfh n4 n4 e4  ,edg>1     

#ahbc     #fdh   #ghh      #fffh        
,p>is1        #ajj n4 e4  ,edw>ds1      
#ahad     #bjj   #bci      #bjjf        
,albion1        #if s4 e4  ,eff+ham1    
#ahca     #dhf   #abi      #ajee        
,ew+ton1      #bi e4 n4 e4  ,fayette1   
#ahba     #fhd   #ffe      #cfch        
,,v&alia1       ,frankl91      #ahah    
#hej   #gei      #eeea   ,frank=t1      
#hc s4  ,fulton1        #ahbe     #eij  
#fjg      #eiag   ,lewi/[n1    #ace n4  
n4 w4  ,gallat91      #ahab     #hbh    
#acab      #hffj   ,equality1     #ajj  
s4 s4 e4  ,gre5e1        #ahba     #iab 
#acfj     #abbgd   ,c>rollton1    #ij w4
 n4 w4  ,hamilton1      #ahba     #cgh  
#dfj      #bhgg   ,mc,leansboro'1  #gf  
s4 s4 e4  ,hancock1       #ahbe     #gge
   #ceg      #cbdi   ,c>?age1     #ahj  
n4 w4  ,h5ry 7n     #ahbe     #hjj   -- 
#aah                 #baj n4 n4 w4      
organiz$17                              
,iroquois1      #ahcc     ,b    #fg     
#aafd   7,n          #afe n4 n4 e4      
e/abli%$17  ,jackson1       #ahaf       

#egf   #ced      #bghc   ,br[nsville1   
#if s4 s4 w4  ,jasp]1        #ahca      
#bhh   --        #dae   ,newton1        
#fj e4  ,jeff]son1     #ahai     #egf   
#dee      #ccej   ,m\nt ,v]non1  #dh s4 
s4 e4  ,jo ,daviess1    #ahbg     ,b    
#dib      #djch   ,gal5a1 7nnw7 #cjj n4 
n4 w4  ,johnson1       #ahab     #dhf   
#caf      #baff   ,vi5na1       #abj s4 
,knox1          #ahbe     #gib   #ahj   
#afjj   ,knoxville1    #ahb n4 n4 w4    
,lasalle1       #ahca     ,b   #bhi     
#dged   ,ottawa1       #ahg n4          
,lawr5ce1      #ahba     #efj   #fah    
#ddej   ,lawr5ceville1 #hh e4 s4 e4     
,macon1         #ahbi     #djd   #bib   
#cjbb   ,decatur1       #ge n4          
,madison1       #ahab     #gej  #acjg   
#ijaf   ,edw>dsville1  #eh w4  ,mac\p51 
#ahbi     #gbj   #fbd      #eeed        
,c>l9ville1   #ee w4 n4 w4  ,m>ion1     
#ahbc     #egf   #cgb      #bhdd        
,salem1         #be s4 s4 e4            
,mc,donough      #ahbe     #egf   #cjd  
#bhhc   ,macomb1       #aee n4 w4       

,mc,lean1        #ahcj    #aiaf   #dif  
#ecaa   ,bloom+ton1  #abj n4  ,m]c]1    
#ahbe     #eeh   --        #dig   ,new  
,bo/on1   #bji n4 w4  ,monroe1          
#ahaf     #cfj   #ddi      #bffj        
,wat]loo1      #gb s4 w4  ,montgom]y1   
#ahba     #ifj   #dge      #cgdj        
,hillsboro'1    #bh n4 w4  ,morgan1     
#ahbc    #aaej  #bgag     #aibad        
,jacksonville1  #ia n4 w4  ,peoria1     
#ahbe     #fdh   #bbc      #cbbj        
,peoria1       #ada n4 n4 w4  ,p]ry1    
#ahbg     #ddf   #bgc      #bbja        
,p9ckneyville1 #ga s4 s4 w4  ,pike1     
#ahba     #hjj   #feg      #fjcg        
,pittsfield1   #abf w4 n4 w4  ,pope1    
#ahaf     #egf   #ddd      #cgef        
,golconda1     #acj s4 s4 e4  ,putnam1  
#ahbe    #acdj   #chc      #djba        
,h5nep91      #hj n4  ,r&olph1          
#agie     #edj   #had      #efie        
,kaskaskia1     #ij s4 s4 w4  ,rock     
,isl&1   #ahca     #cgg    #hc          
#faf   ,/eph5son1    #bj n4 w4          
,sangamon1      #ahba    #abcd  #bbai   

#agegc   ,spr+field1   #gi n4 n4 w4     
,s*uyl]1      #ahbe     #hfd   #fhj     
#fcfa   ,ru%ville1    #abh n4 w4        
,%elby1        #ahbg    #ajhj   #fcf    
#dhdh   ,%elbyville1   #dj n4 n4 e4  ,/4
 ,clair1     #agie    #ajcj  #aahc      
#ijee   ,belleville1    #fd w4 s4 w4    
,tazewell1      #ahbg    #aacj   #dcc   
#ehej   ,tremont1      #aca n4  ,union1 
#ahah     #cif   #ede      #daef        
,jonesboro'1   #abj s4  ,v]million1     
#ahbf    #ajjj  #ajbe      #hajc        
,danville1     #ace n4 e4  ,waba%1      
#ahbd     #ahj   #dda      #cjaj   ,m\nt
 ,c>mel1  #ie s4 e4  ,w>r51        #ahbe
     #ijj   #bff      #bfbc   ,monm\?1  
#ahd n4 w4  ,wa%+ton1    #ahah     #fef 
#ccc      #cbib   ,na%ville1     #dh s4 
s4 w4  ,wayne1         #ahai     #egf   
#dga      #bici   ,fairfield1     #gf s4
 e4  ,:ite1         #ahae     #eaf      
#igg      #fdhi   ,c>mi1        #ajc s4 
e4   ,a ,x is expect$ ! seat ( ju/ice ( 
,cl>k c\nty w be remov$ to  ,m>%all1 #aj
 miles ,n4 ,w4 f ,d>w91 & on ! ,national

 ,road4 ,!  di/ance is comput$ to       
,m>%all4   ,b ,^! c\nties h be5 rec5tly 
subdivid$1 & _! sup]ficial  area is n   
kn[n4                                   
----------------------------------------
--------------------------------------  
,new ,c\nties                           
=m$1 ,jan4 ,date (   ,squ>e,votes       
,population,,seats ,,( ,,ju/ice4  #ahcf4
       =mation4miles49 #ahcd4 #ahce4    
----------------------------------------
--------------------------------------  
,w1           #ahcf                     
,juliett4  ,:iteside1                   
,^! c\nties 7 tak5  ,kane1              
f ,jo ,daviess1 ,lasalle1 ,cook1  ,ogle1
                                        
& ,iroquois4 ,! seats (  ,mc,henry1     
ju/ice n e/abli%$1 &  ,w9nebago1        
mu* ( ! l& unsurvey$1                   
----------------------------------?\gh  
rapidly settl+4      ,total1            
#cd1ajb   #bgb1dbg    ,,sket*es ,,(     
,,ea* ,,c\nty4  ,,adams4--,! /reams are 
,be> creek & bran*es1 ,c$>1 ,tyr]1      

,mill1 ,fall1 & ,pigeon creeks1 ) !     
,mississippi riv] on its we/]n bord]4   
,timb] v>i\s1 ) equal portions (        
prairie4 ,fir/ rate c\nty4              
,,alex&]4--,9 ! =ks ( ! ,ohio &         
,mississippi1 ) ,ca% riv] ?r\gh x4 ,all 
timb]$1--half alluvion1--"s inundat$ at 
high wat]1--lime & s&/one on !          
,ohio2--soil1 g5]ally ri*4              
,,bond4--,%oal creek & its bran*es ?r\gh
 x1 ) ,hurricane creek on ! ea/         
side2--proportion$ into timb] &         
prairie2--r level1--second rate4        
,s&/one1 coal1 & salt spr+s4            
,,calh\n4--,long & n>r[1 9 ! =ks ( !    
,ill9ois & ,mississippi2--alluvial &    
sometimes inundat$ along ! riv]s2--brok5
 bluffs & int]ior table l&2--good       
soil2--prairies at ! foot ( ! bluffs4   
,coal1 lime & s&/one4  ,,*ampaign4--,!  
/reams are ! heads ( ! ,kaskaskia1      
,sangamon1 ,v]million ( ,ill9ois1 ,salt 
,=k ( ! ,v]million ( ! ,waba%1 & !      
,emb>ras1 all runn+ 9 opposite          
directions4 ,ext5sive prairies1 a little

 undulat+ & ri*2--timb] 9 groves2--_m   
granite b[ld]s4  ,,cl>k4--,nor? ,=k (   
,emb>ras1 ,mill & ,big creeks4 ,timb] & 
prairie1--second rate soil4             
,,clay4--,wat]$ by ,little ,waba% &     
tribut>ies4 ,two ?irds prairie1--(      
inf]ior quality1--r level & wet4        
,,cl9ton4--,kaskaskia riv]1 ) its       
tribut>ies1 ,crook$1 ,%oal1 ,beav] &    
,sug> creeks1 pass ?r\gh x4 ,equally    
proportion$ into timb] & prairie4 ,soil1
 second rate2 surface1 a little         
undulat+4  ,,coles4--,! ,kaskaskia1     
,emb>ras1 & heads ( ! ,little ,waba%    
wat] x4 ,mu* excell5t l&1--mu* undulat+1
 ri* prairie2--"s level & wet l& 9 !    
s\!a/]n "p4 ,timb] 9 suffici5t          
quantities4  ,,cook4--,adjo9s ,lake     
,mi*igan1 & has ! bran*es ( ,*icago1    
,des ,pla9es1 ,du ,page1 ,au ,sable &   
,hickory creeks4 ,surface1 tol]ably     
level2 ri* soil1--ext5sive              
prairies1--timb] 9 groves2--a few       
swamps4 ,pl5ty ( lime/one1 & ! /reams   
run ov] rocky b$s4  ,,craw=d4--,! ,waba%

 riv] on its ea/]n side1 ) ,lamotte1    
,hudson1 ,raccoon & ,sug> creeks4 ,"s   
level prairies1 r s&y1 ) a full supply (
 timb]4  ,,edg>4--,wat]$ by ,big1 ,cle>1
 & ,brulette's creeks on ! ea/]n1 &     
,little ,emb>ras on its we/]n side4     
,s\!rn & ea/]n sides timb]$2 nor!rn &   
we/]n sides mu* prairie2 "s             
undulat+1--"s level & r wet4 ,gr& ,view 
is a delightful tract ( c\ntry4         
,,edw>ds4--,! ,little ,waba% on its     
we/]n1 & ,bon ,pas on its ea/]n bord]4  
,sev]al prairies1 high1 undulat+1 &     
b\nd$ by heavy timb]4 ,soil1 second     
quality4  ,,eff+ham4--,wat]$ by !       
,little ,waba% & its tribut>ies2 due    
proportion ( timb] & prairie2 tol]ably  
level1--second rate4                    
,,fayette4--,kaskaskia riv]1 ,hurricane1
 ,higg5s'1 ,ramsey's & ,beck's creeks4  
,! bottom l&s on ! ,kaskaskia l[1 &     
inundat$ at high wat]2 consid]able      
prairie2 mu* heavy timb]2 soil1 second  
rate4  ,,frankl94--,wat]$ by ! ,big     
,muddy & its bran*es1 & ! ,s\? ,=k (    

,sal9e creek4 ,! prairies small1 f]tile 
& level1--timb] pl5ty1--soil r s&y4     
,,fulton4--,! ,ill9ois on ! s\?-ea/]n   
side1 ) ,spoon riv] & sev]al small      
creeks ?r\gh x4 ,ab\t half heavily      
timb]$1 ) ri*1 undulat+ prairies2 /reams
 fl[ ov] a pebbly b$2 soil1 fir/ rate4  
,,gallat94--,jo9s ! ,waba% & ,ohio      
riv]s1 & has ! ,sal9e & bran*es runn+   
?r\gh x4 ,soil1 s&y1 ) s& rock1         
lime/one1 qu>tz cry/als1 excell5t       
sal9es1 c4 ,timb] ( v>i\s k9ds2 no      
prairies4  ,,gre5e4--,has ! ,mississippi
 s\?1 ! ,ill9ois we/1 ) ,ott]1 ,mac\p5 &
 ,apple creeks4 ,mu* excell5t l&1 bo?   
timb] & prairie1 9 due proportion1 )    
abundance ( lime & s&/one1 & coal4      
,,hamilton4--,wat]$ by bran*es ( !      
,sal9e1 & ,little ,waba%2 a l>ge        
proportion timb]$ l&2 soil1 second &    
?ird rate1 ) "s swamp 9 ! nor!rn "p4    
,s&/one & "s lime4  ,,hancock4--,besides
 ! ,mississippi1 x has a "p ( ,be>1     
,crook$1 & ,camp creeks2 l>ge prairies2 
timb] along ! /reams2 ri*1 fir/ rate l&4

  ,,h5ry4--,has ,rock riv] nor?1 )      
,w9nebago swamp1 & its outlet on ,gre5  
riv]1 & "o ( ! heads ( ,spoon riv]1 &   
,edw>ds riv] int]ior4 ,"s ri*1 undulat+ 
prairies & groves1 ) consid]able wet1   
swampy l&4 ,n mu* population4           
,,iroquois4--,kankakee1 ,iroquois &     
,sug> creek4 ,s& ridges & pla9s2 mu* ri*
 prairie2 "s timb]1 b defici5t4 ,x is   
f\nd *iefly 9 groves & /rips along !    
wat] c\rses4  ,,jackson4--,has !        
,mississippi on ! s\?we/1 & ,muddy riv] 
runn+ diagonally ?r\gh x1 ) "s ( its    
tribut>ies4 ,"s prairies 9 ! nor?-ea/]n 
"p1--mu* heavy timb]1--"s hilly & brok5 
l&1--) abundance ( coal1 sal9e spr+s1   
lime & s&/one4  ,,jasp]4--,! ,emb>ras   
runs ?r\gh x1 & ! ,muddy ,=k ( ! ,little
 ,waba% wat]s its we/]n side4 ,mu* ( bo?
 ! prairie & timb]$ l& is level & r wet2
 "s f]tile tracts4  ,,jeff]son4--,wat]$ 
by sev]al bran*es ( ! ,big ,muddy &     
,little ,waba%4 ,soil1 second rate2     
surface1 a little undulat+2 "o ?ird     
prairie2 sev]al sulphur & o!r m$ic9al   

spr+s4  ,,jo ,,daviess4--,=m]ly embrac$ 
all ! ,/ate nor?-we/ ( ,rock riv]1 b    
rec5tly divid$ into ?ree or f\r c\nties4
 ,besides ! ,mississippi1 x has ,fev]   
riv]1 ,pekatonokee1 ,apple riv]1 & ,ru% 
& ,plum creeks4 ,a ri* c\nty1 bo? =     
agricultural & m9+ purposes4 ,timb]     
sc>ce1 & 9 groves2 surface undulat+1--9 
"s places hilly2 well wat]$ by /reams & 
spr+s1 & has good mill sites4 ,copp] &  
lead ore 9 abundance4  ,,johnson4--,!   
,ohio on ! s\?1 ,ca% riv] & ,big ,bay   
creek1 & a s]ies ( lakes or ponds       
int]ior4 ,a timb]$ c\ntry1 tol]ably     
level2 soil s&y1 ) consid]able          
quantities ( second rate l&4            
,,knox4--,wat]$ by ,h5d]son & ,spoon    
riv]s1 & _! tribut>ies4 ,! prairies     
l>ge1 mod]ately undulat+1 & fir/ quality
 ( soil1 ) excell5t timb] along ! wat]  
c\rses4  ,,lasalle4--,besides ! ,ill9ois
 riv]1 :i* passes ?r\gh x1 ,fox riv]1   
,big & ,little ,v]million1 ,cr[1 ,au    
,sable1 ,indian1 ,mason1 ,tomahawk1 &   
o!r creeks1 wat] ?is c\nty4 ,!y g5]ally 

run on a b$ ( s& or lime rock1 & h b    
little alluvial bottom l&s4 ,defici5t 9 
timb]1 b has an abundance ( ri*1        
undulat+ prairie1 beautiful groves1     
abundant wat] privileges1 & ext5sive    
coal banks4  ,,lawr5ce4--,! ,waba% ea/1 
,fox riv] we/1 & ,emb>ras & ,raccoon    
?r\gh x4 ,an equal proportion ( timb] & 
prairie1 "s excell5t1 o!r p>ts          
inf]ior1--& "s bad1 miry swamps1 call$  
purgatories4  ,,macon4--,s\?-ea/        
portion1 wat]$ by ! ,kaskaskia &        
tribut>ies2 ! middle & nor!rn portions  
by ! ,nor? ,=k ( ,sangamon1 & !         
nor?-we/]n "p by ,salt creek4 ,!        
prairies l>ge1 & 9 _! int]ior1 level &  
wet1--t[>ds ! timb]1 dry1 undulat+ &    
ri*4  ,,madison4--,! ,mississippi lies  
we/2 ,cahokia & ,silv] creeks1 & ,wood  
riv]1 run ?r\gh x4 ,a "p ( ?is c\nty    
lies 9 ! ,am]ican bottom1 & is a ri* &  
level alluvion2 b mu* ( ! c\nty is high1
 undulat+1 & proportionably divid$ into 
timb] & prairie4 ,well suppli$ ) /one   
qu>ries & coal banks4  ,,mac\p54--,!    

,mac\p5 creek & bran*es wat] its c5tral 
& we/]n p>ts1 ! ,cahokia ! s\?-ea/]n1 & 
! heads ( ,wood riv] & ,piasau1 !       
s\?-we/]n p>ts4 ,a l>ge proportion ( !  
c\nty is excell5t soil1 well proportion$
 into timb] & prairie1 & slightly       
undulat+4  ,,m>ion4--,wat]$ by ! ,ea/   
,=k1 & ,crook$ creek1 tribut>ies (      
,kaskaskia riv]1 on its we/]n1 & heads (
 ,skillet ,=k ( ,little ,waba% on its   
ea/]n side4 ,mu* ( ! l& ( second        
quality1 slightly undulat+1 ab\t "o ?ird
 timb]$1--"s ( ! prairie l& level1 &    
incl9$ to be wet4  ,,mcdon\gh4--,crook$ 
creek & its bran*es wat] mo/ ( ! c\nty4 
,! ea/]n side1 = #h or #aj miles 9 wid?1
 is prairie1--! we/]n & middle p>ts     
suitably divid$ betwe5 prairie & =e/ l&2
 surface1 mod]ately undulat+2 soil1 v   
ri*4  ,,mclean4--,"o ?ird ( ! ea/]n1 & a
 portion ( ! nor!rn side1 is "o va/     
prairie4 ,! timb] is beautifully arrang$
 9 groves2 ! surface mod]ately undulat+1
 & ! soil dry & ri*4 ,! head wat]s ( !  
,sangamon1 ,mack9au1 & ! ,v]million ( ! 

,ill9ois1 are 9 ?is c\nty4 ,its m9]als  
are qu>ries ( lime & s&/one1 & granite  
b[ld]s1 scatt]$ ov] ! prairies4         
,,m]c]4--,has ! ,mississippi on ! we/1 &
 ,pope & ,edw>ds riv]s int]ior1 along   
:i* are f9e tracts ( timb]2 9 its middle
 & ea/]n p>ts are ext5sive prairies2    
surface1 g5]ally undulat+2 soil1 ri*4   
,,monroe4--,wat]$ by ,horse1 ,prairie de
 ,long1 & ,f\nta9 creeks4 ,! ,am]ican   
bottom adjac5t to ! ,mississippi is ri* 
alluvion1 & divid$ into timb] & prairie4
 ,on ! bluffs are rav9es & s9k-holes1 ) 
brok5 l&4 ,fur!r int]ior is a mixture ( 
timb] & prairie4 ,abundance ( lime/one1 
coal1 & "s copp]4  ,,montgom]y4--,wat]$ 
by ,%oal creek & bran*es1 & ,hurricane  
,=k4 ,surface1 high & undulat+1 &       
proportionably divid$ into timb] &      
prairie4 ,soil1 second rate4            
,,morgan4--,a fir/ rate c\nty1--well    
proportion$ into prairie & =e/ l&s1--mu*
 ( ! surface undulat+2 wat]$ by !       
,ill9ois riv] & ,mauvaise-t]re1 ,indian1
 ,plum1 ,walnut1 & ,s&y creeks1 & heads 

( ,apple creek4 ,coal1 lime & free/one4 
,,peoria4--,wat]$ by ! ,ill9ois1        
,kickapoo1 ,copp]as1 ,s5at*w9e1 & heads 
( ,spoon riv]4 ,surface1 mod]ately      
roll+1 ri* soil1 & proportionately      
divid$ into prairie & =e/4              
,,p]ry4--,/reams2 ,big ,beauc\p1 &      
,little ,muddy2 "o ?ird prairie1        
tol]ably level1 & second rate soil4     
,,pike4--,besides ,mississippi &        
,ill9ois1 :i* wa% two sides1 x has !    
,suyc>tee sl\gh1 runn+ ?r\gh its we/]n  
bord]1 & navigable = /eamboats1 & a     
numb] ( small] creeks4 ,! l& & surface  
v>i\s1--mu* ( x excell5t undulat+       
soil1--"s ri* alluvion1 inundat$ at high
 wat]1--l>ge tracts ( table l&1 high1   
roll+1 & ri*1 ) due proportion ( timb] &
 prairie4 ,a l>ge salt spr+4            
,,pope4--,) ! ,ohio riv] ea/ & s\?1 x   
has ,big ,bay1 ,lusk's1 & ,big creeks   
int]ior4 ,a timb]$ region1 tol]ably     
level1 except at ! bluffs1 ) good s&y   
soil1 & s& & lime/one4  ,,putnam4--,!   
,ill9ois runs ?r\gh x1--,spoon riv]     

wat]s its nor?-we/]n "p1 & ,bureau1     
,cr[1 ,s&y1 & "s o!r /reams1 wat] its   
middle portions4 ,"h are beautiful      
groves ( timb]1 & ri*1 undulat+ & dry   
prairies1 f9e spr+s1 & good mill sites4 
,lime1 s& & free/one1 & bitum9\s coal4  
,a few tracts ( wet prairie1 ) "s ponds 
& swamps1 are 9 ! nor?-we/]n "p4        
,,r&olph4--,has ! ,mississippi along !  
we/]n side2 ,kaskaskia riv] passes      
diagonally ?r\gh x2 soil1 ( e quality1 f
 fir/ rate to indiff]5t2 surface1       
equally z v>i\s1 ) rocky precipices at !
 t]m9ation ( ! alluvial bottoms4  ,,rock
 ,,isl&4--,is at ! m\? ( ,rock riv]1    
:i*1 ) ! ,mississippi1 & "s m9or /reams1
 dra9 ! c\nty4 ,ri* alluvion along !    
,mississippi1 ) mu* excell5t table      
l&1--bo? timb] & prairie int]ior4 ,"s   
wet1 level prairie1 s\? ( ,rock riv]4   
,,sangamon4--,wat]$ by ,sangamon riv] & 
its num]\s bran*es4 ,mu* ( ! soil is ( !
 ri*e/ quality1 ) due proportions (     
timb] & prairie1 mod]ately undulat+1 & a
 fir/ rate c\nty4  ,,s*uyl]4--,!        

s\?-ea/]n side has ! ,ill9ois1 ! int]ior
 has ,crook$ & ,crane creeks1 & !       
s\?-we/ has ,mc,kee's creek4 ,along !   
,ill9ois is mu* timb]1 ) "s inundat$    
bottom l&s4 ,int]ior1 !re is a due      
proportion ( prairie & timb] & ri* soil1
 ) an undulat+ surface4  ,,%elby4--,is  
wat]$ by ! ,kaskaskia & tribut>ies2 has 
a l>ge am\nt ( excell5t l&1 bo? timb] & 
prairie1 ) good soil1 mod]ately         
undulat+4  ,,/4 ,,clair4--,! /reams are 
,cahokia1 ,prairie du ,pont1 ,ogle's1   
,silv]1 ,ri*l&1 & ,prairie de ,long     
creeks1 & ,kaskaskia riv]4 ,! l& is     
v>i\s1 mu* ( :i* is good1 fir/ & second 
rate1 & proportionably divid$ into      
timb]1 prairie1 & b>r5s4 ,! m9]als are  
lime & s&/one1 & ext5sive b$s ( coal1 & 
%ale4  ,,tazewell4--,wat]$ by !         
,ill9ois1 ,mack9au1 & _! tribut>ies4    
,mu* ( ! surface is undulat+1 soil ri*2 
prairie pr$om9ates1 b consid]able timb]1
 ) "s brok5 l& ab\t ! bluffs ( ,mack9au1
 & "s s& ridges & swamps 9 ! s\!rn "p ( 
! c\nty4  ,,union4--,wat]$ by !         

,mississippi1 ,cle> creek1 ! heads (    
,ca%1 & "s ( ! small tribut>ies ( ! ,big
 ,muddy4 ,mu* ( ! surface is roll+ &    
hilly1--all =e/ l&4 ,soil1 second & ?ird
 rate4 ,"s ri* alluvial bottom4         
,,v]million4--,is wat]$ by ,big &       
,little ,v]million ( ! ,waba%1 ) l>ge   
bodies ( excell5t timb] along ! /reams1 
& ri* prairies int]ior4 ,surface1       
undulat+ & dry2 soil1 deep1 ri*1 &      
calc>e\s4  ,,waba%4--,has ,waba% riv] on
 ! ea/1 ,bon ,pas on ! we/1 & "s small  
creeks c5tral2 surface roll+1 & a       
mixture ( timb] & prairie2 soil1 g5]ally
 second rate4 ,m9]als2 lime & s&/one4   
,,w>r54--,besides ! ,mississippi1 its   
pr9cipal /ream is ,h5d]son riv]1 :i*    
passes ?r\gh x1 ) ,ellison1 ,honey1 &   
,camp creeks4 ,mu* ( ! l& on ^! /reams  
is ri*1 undulat+1 defici5t some:at 9    
timb]1 ) excell5t prairie4 ,along !     
,mississippi1 & ab\t ! m\? ( ,h5d]son1 !
 l& is inundat$ 9 high wat]4            
,,wa%+ton4--,has ! ,kaskaskia on its    
nor?-we/]n side1 ) ,elkhorn1 ,little    

,muddy1 ,beauc\p1 & ,little ,crook$     
creeks int]ior4 ,! prairies are r level1
 & 9 places incl9$ to be wet2 ! timb]1  
especially along ! ,kaskaskia1 heavy4   
,,wayne4--,! ,little ,waba%1 ) its      
tribut>ies1 ,elm riv]1 & ,skillet ,=k1  
are its /reams4 ,x is proportionably    
int]sp]s$ ) prairie & woodl&1 g5]ally ( 
second quality4  ,,:ite4--,! ea/]n side 
wa%$ by ! ,big ,waba%1 along :i* is a   
l[1 inundat$ bottom2 ! int]ior is wat]$ 
by ! ,little ,waba% & its tribut>ies4   
,"s prairie1 b mo/ly timb]4 ,soil &     
surface v>i\s4 ,"s ri* bottom prairies1 
) s&y soil4   ,,t[ns4  ,v&alia is ! seat
 ( gov]nm5t till #ahdj1 aft] :i* x is to
 be remov$ to ,alton1 accord+ to a vote 
( ! p 9 #ahcd1 unless !y %\ld o!rwise   
direct4 ,x is situat$ on ! "r bank ( !  
,kaskaskia riv]1 9 ,n4 lat4 #ci deg4 #j'
 #db1 & #eh miles 9 a direct l9e1 a     
little nor? ( ea/ f ,alton4 ,! public   
build+s are tempor>y4 ,population1 ab\t 
#gej4  ,alton4 ,two t[ns ( ?is "n are   
di/+ui%$ z ,alton1 & ,upp] ,alton4      

,alton is an incorporat$ t[n1 situat$ on
 ! bank ( ! ,mississippi1 two & a half  
miles above ! m\? ( ! ,miss\ri1 & at !  
place :]e ! curve ( ! ,mississippi      
p5etrates ! fur!/ into ,ill9ois1 #ah    
miles bel[ ! m\? ( ! ,ill9ois riv]4 ,=  
situation1 comm]ce1 bus9ess ( all k9ds1 
heal?1 & rapidity ( gr[?1 x f> exce$s   
any o!r t[n on ! ea/ bank ( !           
,mississippi1 above ,new ,orleans4 ,!   
population is ab\t #bjjj4 ,! comm]cial  
bus9ess done "h is already imm5se1 &    
ext5ds ?r\gh m ?an half ( ,ill9ois1     
besides a l>ge trade on ! we/]n side ( !
 ,mississippi4 ,five l>ge m]cantile     
e/abli%m5ts d :olesale bus9ess only1 f\r
 d :olesale & retail1 besides f\r       
:olesale & retail groc]ies1 & fifte5 or 
tw5ty retail /ores & groc]ies2 & yet _m 
m m]cantile h\ses are necess>y = !      
bus9ess ( ! c\ntry4 ,great facilities = 
bus9ess ( almo/ e description1          
especially = e k9d ( me*anics1 are to be
 _h "h4 ,x (f]s "o ( ! be/ situations on
 ! we/]n wat]s = build+ & repair+       

/eamboats4 ,t[n lots & l&s adjac5t h    
ris5 9 value f #ejj to #ajjj p] c5t4 )9 
! la/ twelve mon?s4  ,alton has         
respectable & well f9i%$ h\ses ( wor%ip 
= ! ,presbyt]ian1 ,me?odi/ ,prote/ant1 &
 ,bapti/ d5om9ations2 two good s*ools1 a
 ,lyceum1 t holds weekly meet+s1 & two  
pr9t+-(fices4 ,! population 9 g5]al1 is 
a moral1 indu/ri\s1 ent]pris+ class4    
,few t[ns 9 ! ,we/ h equall$ ?is 9      
contributions = public & b5evol5t       
objects1 9 proportion to age &          
population4  ,arrangem5ts h be5 made =  
do+ an ext5sive bus9ess 9 ! slaught]+ & 
pack+ ( pork & beef4 ,f\r h\ses are     
engag$ 9 t l9e1 & h slaught]$ ab\t      
#be1jjj hogs ! pres5t season4 ,_m       
build+s w be erect$ ! approa*+ season1  
among/ :i* w be an ext5sive hotel1 :i*  
is mu* ne$$4 ,! t[n is situat$ at !     
base1 side1 & top1 ( ! fir/ bluffs t    
ext5d to ! riv]1 above ! m\? ( !        
,kaskaskia4 ,adjac5t to x1 & :i* w      
ev5tually become amalgamat$1 is         
,middlet[n1 laid (f directly 9 ! re>4   

,upp] ,alton is f two & a half to ?ree  
miles back f ! riv]1 & 9 ! re> ( ,l[]   
,alton1 on elevat$ gr\nd1 & 9 e respect 
a v heal?y situation4 ,x has exce$+ #abj
 families1 & is rapidly improv+4        
,adjac5t to x1 & =m+ n[ a "p ( ! t[n    
plat1 is ,%urtleff ,college1 ( ,alton1  
,ill9ois1 :i* bids fair to become an    
important & fl\ri%+ in/itution4 ,also   
,alton ,!ological ,sem9>y1 :i* has      
comm5c$ op]ations4 ,bo? ^! in/itutions h
 be5 gott5 up "u ! influ5ce & patronage 
( ! ,bapti/ d5om9ation4 ,a female sem9>y
 ( a high ord]1 "u ! "n ( ! ,alton      
,female ,in/itute1 has be5 *>t]$1 & a   
build+ is ab\t to be erect$ = ! purpose4
 ,! ,bapti/s1 ,me?odi/s & ,presbyt]ians 
h congregations "h1 & two h\ses ( wor%ip
 are to be built ! pres5t ye>4  ,*icago 
is ! l>ge/ comm]cial t[n 9 ,ill9ois4 ,x 
is situat$ at ! junction ( ,nor? & ,s\? 
bran*es1 & along ! ma9 ,*icago1 ne> its 
entrance into lake ,mi*igan1 on a level 
prairie1 b elevat$ above ! highe/       
floods4 ,a rec5t communication f a      

respectable m]cantile h\se1 gives !     
foll[+ /ati/ics3 ,fifty-"o /ores1 #cj   
groc]ies1 #aj tav]ns1 #ab physicians1   
#ba attorneys1 & #d1jjj inhabitants4 ,we
 h f\r *ur*es1 & two m build+1 "o bank1 
a ,m>9e & ,fire ,insurance company ab\t 
to g into op]ation1 & a brick hotel1    
conta9+ #ij ap>tm5ts4  ,!re 7 #i        
arrivals & dep>tures ( /eamboats 9      
#ahce1 & #bfg ( brigs & s*oon]s1 conta9+
 #e1jae tons ( m]*&ise & #i1djj b>rels (
 salt1 besides lumb]1 provisions1 c4  ,!
 h>bor n[ con/ruct+ by ! ,u4 ,s4        
gov]nm5t1 w be s f> complet$ 9 #ahcf1 z 
to admit vessels & /eamboats navigat+ ! 
lakes4 ,a few miles back ( ,*icago are  
ext5sive tracts ( wet prairie4  ,gal5a  
is ! seat ( ju/ice = ,jo ,daviess c\nty1
 situat$ on ,fev] riv]1 9 ! mid/ ( ! m9+
 di/rict4 ,x has ab\t #bj /ores1 a doz5 
groc]ies1 & ab\t #a1jjj inhabitants4    
,spr+field is ne> ! geographical c5tre (
 ! ,/ate1 & 9 ! mid/ ( a mo/ f]tile     
region ( c\ntry4 ,x is a fl\ri%+ inl&   
t[n1 & conta9s ab\t #b1jjj inhabitants4 

,jacksonville1 ! c\nty seat ( ,morgan   
c\nty1 has ab\t ! same population1 & is 
equally delightful & fl\ri%+4  ,"o mile 
we/1 on a mo/ beautiful em95ce1 /&s     
,ill9ois ,college1 f\nd$ "u ! auspices (
 ! ,presbyt]ian d5om9ation1 & bids fair 
to become a fl\ri%+ seat ( le>n+4  ,i h 
n room to "n1 mu* less describe1 ! _m   
gr[+ t[ns & villages 9 ?is ,/ate1 t     
excite & des]ve ! att5tion ( emigrants4 
,on ! ,ill9ois riv] are ,ottawa1 &      
sev]al eligible sites 9 its vic9ity1 :]e
 t[ns h comm5c$2 ,be>d/[n1 a %ort       
di/ance bel[ ! m\? ( ,sangamon riv]1    
,peoria1 at ! foot ( ,peoria lake1 7a   
mo/ beautiful site1 & conta9+ #a1jjj    
inhabitants17 ,m]$osia1 ,naples1 ,pek91 
,h5nep91 c4 ,on ! ,mississippi1 are     
,qu9cy1 ,w>saw1 ,new ,bo/on1 &          
,/eph5son1 ! seat ( ju/ice = ,rock ,isl&
 c\nty4 ,int]ior1 are ,bloom+ton1       
,decatur1 ,tremont1 ,%elbyville1        
,hillsboro'1 ,edw>dsville1 ,c>lyle1     
,belleville1 ,c>rollton1 & _m o!rs4     
,t[>ds ! ,waba%1 are ,danville1 ,p>is1  

,lawr5ceville1 ,c>mi1 & ,m\nt ,c>mel1 ! 
la/ ( :i* has an importance f be+       
connect$ ) ! gr& rapids ( ! ,waba%4     
,%awneet[n is ! comm]cial depot = !     
s\?-ea/]n "p ( ! ,/ate4 ,on ! ,milit>y  
,tract are ,ru%ville1 ,pittsfield1      
,griggsville1 ,c>?age1 ,macomb1 ,monm\?1
 ,knoxville1 ,lewi/[n1 ,canton1 c41 all 
pleasant sites1 & hav+ a population f   
two or ?ree hundr$ to "o ?\s&           
inhabitants4  ,= a m p>ticul>           
description ( ea* c\nty1 t[n1 &         
settlem5t1 ) all o!r p>ticul>s (        
,ill9ois1 ! read] is ref]r$ to ,a       
,,gazette] ,,( ,,ill9ois1 by ! au?or (  
?is ,,guide4  ,project$                 
,improvem5ts4--,! project ( unit+ !     
wat]s ( lake ,mi*igan & ! ,ill9ois1 by a
 canal1 0 conceiv$ soon aft] !          
comm5cem5t ( ! ,gr& canal ( ,new ,york1 
& a ,bo>d ( commission]s1 ) eng9e]s1    
explor$ ! r\te & e/imat$ ! co/1 9 #ahbc4
 ,provision1 by a grant ( ea* alt]nate  
section ( l& )9 five miles ( ! r\te1    
hav+ be5 grant$ by ,congress1 ano!r     

,bo>d ( commission]s 0 appo9t$ 9 #ahbi1 
a new survey 0 made1 & ! t[ns ( ,*icago 
& ,ottawa laid (f1 & "s lots sold 9     
#ahcj4 ,v>i\s movem5ts h s9ce be5 made1 
b no?+ effectually done1 until ! rec5t  
special session ( ! legislature1 :5 an  
act 0 pass$ to au?orize ! ,gov]nor to   
borr[ funds ^u ! fai? ( ! ,/ate2 a new  
,bo>d ( commission]s has be5 organiz$1 &
 ?is great "w is ab\t to be prosecut$ ) 
vigor to its completion4  ,funds1 9 "p1 
h be5 provid$1 f ! sales ( c]ta9 sal9e  
l&s belong+ to ! ,/ate1 to improve !    
navigation ( ! ,great ,waba%1 at ! ,gr& 
,rapids1 ne> ! m\? ( ,:ite riv]1 9      
conjunction ) ! ,/ate ( ,indiana4 ,f !  
same s\rce1 funds are to be appli$ to ! 
cle>+ out ( sev]al navigable            
wat]-c\rses1 & repair+ roads1 )9 !      
,/ate4  ,*>t]s h be5 grant$ to sev]al   
rail-road companies1 "s ( :i* h be5     
survey$ & ! /ock tak54 ,"o f ,alton to  
,spr+field 0 survey$ la/ ye>1 & ! /ock  
subscrib$ 9 ,decemb]4 ,ano!r f ,/4      
,l\is1 by ! coal m9es ( ,/4 ,clair      

c\nty1 to ,belleville1 #ac miles1 is    
expect$ to be made imm$iately4 ,!       
project ( a c5tral railway f ! t]m9ation
 ( ! ,ill9ois & ,mi*igan canal1 at !    
foot ( ! rapids1 a few miles bel[       
,ottawa1--?r\gh ,bloom+ton1 ,decatur1   
,%elbyville1 ,v&alia1 & on to ! m\? ( ! 
,ohio riv]1 has be5 ent]$ ^u ) _s4      
,ano!r *>t] contemplates ! cont9uance ( 
a r\te1 already provid$ = 9 ,indiana1 & 
notic$ "u ,ohio1 f ,la ,fayette1 ,ia4 by
 ,danville1 ,%elbyville & ,hillsboro1'  
to ,alton1 ! ne>e/ po9t f ! ea/ to !    
,mississippi4 ,a rail-road *>t] 0 grant$
 at a previ\s session ( ! legislature f 
,m]$osia to ,jacksonville1 & ano!r f    
,v9c5nes to ,*icago4  ,we h only room to
 m5tion ! foll[+ *>t]s1 :i* h be5       
rec5tly grant$1 9 addition to ^? already
 specifi$3  ,"o f ,pek9 to ,tremont1 9  
,tazewell c\nty1 #i miles4  ,"o f !     
,waba%1 by ,peoria to ,w>saw1 9 ,hancock
 c\nty4  ,! ,waba% & ,mississippi       
rail-road company4  ,! ,m\nt ,c>mel &   
,alton rail-road company4  ,! ,ru%ville 

rail-road company4  ,! ,w9*e/]1         
,lynville1 & ,jacksonville rail-road    
company4  ,! ,%awneet[n & ,alton        
rail-road company4  ,! ,pek91           
,bloom+ton1 & ,waba% rail-road company4 
,! ,wav]ly & ,gr& ,prairie rail-road    
company4  ,! ,gal5a & ,*icago ,union    
rail-road company4  ,! ,waba% &         
,mississippi ,union rail-road company4  
,! ,mississippi1 ,c>rollton & ,spr+field
 rail-road company4  ,! ,national ,road 
is 9 progress ?r\gh ?is ,/ate1 &        
consid]able has be5 made on t portion   
:i* lies betwe5 ,v&alia & ! b\nd>y (    
,indiana4 ,?is road ent]s ,ill9ois at ! 
nor?-ea/ corn] ( ,cl>k c\nty1 & passes  
diagonally ?r\gh ,coles & ,eff+ham      
c\nties 9 a s\?-we/]ly c\rse to ,v&alia1
 a di/ance ( #ij miles4 ,! road is      
e/abli%$ #hj feet wide1 ! c5tral "p #cj 
feet wide1 rais$ above /&+ wat]1 & n to 
exce$ ?ree degrees f a level4 ,! base ( 
all ! abutm5ts ( bridges mu/ be equal 9 
?ickness to "o ?ird ( ! height ( !      
abutm5t4  ,! road is n yet plac$ 9 a    

travell+ condition4 ,! l9e ( ! road is  
ne>ly direct1 ! loss 9 #ij miles be+    
only ! #hh? "p ( "o p] c5t4 ,betwe5     
,v&alia & ,ew+ton1 = #bc miles1 x does n
 deviate 9 ! lea/ f a direct l9e4  ,f   
,v&alia we/w>d1 ! road is n yet locat$1 
b x w probably pass to ,alton4          
,education4--,! same provision has be5  
made = ?is z o!r ,we/]n ,/ates1 9 !     
disposal ( ! public l&s4 ,! section     
numb]$ sixte5 9 ea* t[n%ip ( l&1 is sold
 ^u petition ( ! p )9 ! t[n%ip1 & !     
avails con/itute a p]man5t fund1 !      
int]e/ ( :i* is annually appli$ t[>ds ! 
exp5ses1 9 "p1 ( ! education ( ^? :o    
att5d s*ool1 liv+ )9 ! t[n%ip4  ,a s*ool
 sy/em1 9 "p1 has be5 arrang$ by !      
legislature4 ,! peculi> & unequal       
division ( ! c\ntry into timb] & prairie
 l&s1 & ! inequality ( settlem5ts       
consequ5t !reupon1 w prev5t1 = _m ye>s  
to come1 ! organization ( s*ool di/ricts
 ) def9$ geographical b\nd>ies4 ,to meet
 ?is inconv5i5ce1 ! legislature has     
provid$ t any numb] ( p]sons c elect    

?ree tru/ees1 employ a tea*] 9 any mode 
!y *oose1 & receive _! proportion ( !   
avails ( ! s*ool funds4 ,9 all cases1   
h[ev]1 ! tea*] mu/ keep a daily acc\nt (
 ea* s*ol> :o att5ds s*ool1 & make out a
 s*$ule ( ! aggregate t ea* s*ol>       
att5ds1 e six mon?s1 & pres5t x1 c]tifi$
 by ! tru/ees ( ! s*ool1 to ! s*ool     
commission] ( ! c\nty1 :o apportions !  
money accord+ly4  ,?is ,/ate receives   
?ree p] c5t4 on all ! net avails (      
public l&s sold 9 ?is ,/ate1 :i*1 ) !   
avails ( two t[n%ips sold1 makes a      
respectable & rapidly increas+ fund1 !  
int]e/ only ( :i* c be exp5d$1 & t only 
to ! paym5t ( in/ruct]s4  ,good common  
s*ool tea*]s1 bo? male & female1 are    
greatly ne$$1 & w meet ) ready employ1 &
 lib]al wages4 ,"h is a mo/ delightful &
 invit+ field = ,*ri/ian activity4      
,common s*ool1 ) ,sunday s*ool          
in/ruction1 calls = ?\s&s ( tea*]s 9 !  
,we/4  ,sev]al respectable academies1   
are 9 op]ation1 & ! wants & feel+s ( !  
community call = _m m4 ,besides !       

colleges at ,jacksonville & ,alton      
already notic$1 o!rs are project$1 &    
sev]al h be5 *>t]$4 ,! ,me?odi/         
d5om9ation h a build+ erect$1 & a       
prep>atory s*ool comm5c$1 at ,lebanon1  
,/4 ,clair c\nty4 ,! ,episcopalians are 
ab\t e/abli%+ a college at ,spr+field4  
,"o or m w be dem&$ 9 ! nor!rn & ea/]n  
portions ( ! ,/ate2 & x may be calculat$
 t1 9 a v brief p]iod1 ! ,/ate (        
,ill9ois w furni% facilities = a useful 
& g5]al education1 equal to ^? 9 any "p 
( ! c\ntry4  ,gov]nm5t4--,! ,con/itution
 ( ,ill9ois 0 =m$ by a conv5tion held at
 ,kaskaskia1 9 ,augu/1 #ahah4 ,x        
provides = ! di/ribution ( ! p[]s (     
gov]nm5t into ?ree di/9ct dep>tm5ts1--! 
legislative1 executive1 & judici>y4 ,!  
legislative au?ority is ve/$ 9 a g5]al  
assembly1 consi/+ ( a s5ate & h\se (    
repres5tatives4 ,elections are held     
bi5nially1 z are ! ord9>y sessions ( !  
legislature4 ,s5ators are elect$ = f\r  
ye>s4  ,! executive p[] is ve/$ 9 !     
gov]nor1 :o is *os5 e f\r? ye>1 by !    

electors = repres5tatives2 b ! same     
p]son is ineligible = ! next succe$+ f\r
 ye>s4 ,! lieut5ant gov]nor is also *os5
 e f\r ye>s4  ,! judicial p[] is ve/$ 9 
a supreme c\rt1 & su* inf]ior c\rts z ! 
g5]al assembly f "t to "t %all e/abli%4 
,! supreme c\rt consi/s ( a *ief ju/ice 
& ?ree associate judges4  ,! gov]nor &  
judges ( ! supreme c\rt con/itute a     
c\ncil ( revision1 to :i* all bills t h 
pass$ ! assembly mu/ be submitt$4 ,if   
object$ to by ! c\ncil ( revision1 !    
same may become a law by ! vote ( a     
majority ( all ! memb]s elect$ to bo?   
h\ses4  ,! "r ( suffrage is univ]sal4   
,all :ite male inhabitants1 citiz5s ( ! 
,unit$ ,/ates1 tw5ty-"o ye>s ( age1 & :o
 h resid$ )9 ! ,/ate six mon?s next     
prec$+ ! elections1 enjoy ! "r ( vot+4  
,votes are giv5 viva voce4 ,!           
introduction ( slav]y is prohibit$4 ,!  
,con/itution c only be alt]$ by a       
conv5tion4   ,,g5]al ,,rem>ks4  #a4     
,f>ms some:at improv$1 are almo/ daily  
ex*ang+ own]s1 & a consid]able _s (     

ent]prise has be5 awak5$ )9 a ye> or two
 pa/4 ,! prices ( f>ms & improvem5ts v>y
 greatly1 & are influ5c$ mu* by         
factiti\s & local circum/ances4 ,f ,/4  
,clair c\nty nor?w>d1 !y av]age probably
 f five to t5 doll>s p] acre1 & are ris+
 9 value4 ,9 "s c\nties1 f>ms w co/ f #b
 to #e doll>s p] acre4 ,a f>m 9         
,ill9ois1 h[ev]1 means a tract ( l&1 mu*
 ( x 9 a /ate ( nature1 ) "s *eap1 &1   
frequ5tly1 log build+s1 ) #bj1 #dj1 #fj1
 #hj1 or #ajj acres1 f5c$ & cultivat$4  
,good dwell+s ( brick1 /one1 or wood1   
beg9 to be erect$4 ,among/ ! old]       
resid5ts1 !re h be5 b few b>ns made4 ,! 
want ( adequate supplies ( lumb]1 & (   
me*anics1 r5d]s good build+s m exp5sive 
?an 9 ! new c\ntries ( ,new ,engl& or   
,new ,york4  #b4 ,m]*ant's goods1       
groc]ies1 h\sehold furniture1 & almo/ e 
necess>y & com=t 9 h\se-keep+1 c be     
pur*as$ "h2 & _m articles retail at ab\t
 ! same prices z 9 ! ,atlantic ,/ates4  
#c4 ,! foll[+ table w exhibit ! co/ (   
#cbj acres ( l&1 at ,congress price1 &  

prep>+ #afj acres = cultivation or      
prairie l&3   ,co/ ( #cbj acres at #a1be
 p] acre1               #djj  ,break+ up
 #afj acres prairie1 #b p] acre1        
#cbj  ,f5c+ x into f\r fields ) a       
,k5tucky    f5ce ( eight rails high1 )  
cross /akes1     #age  ,add co/ ( cab9s1
 corn cribs1 /able1 c4         #bej     
-----  ,mak+ ! co/ ( ! f>m1             
#aade  ,9 _m in/ances1 a s+le crop (    
:eat w pay = ! l&1 = f5c+1 break+ up1   
cultivat+1 h>ve/+1 ?re%+1 & tak+ to     
m>ket4  #d4 ,all k9ds ( me*anical labor1
 especially ^? 9 ! build+ l9e1 are 9    
great dem&2 & workm51 ev5 v co>se &     
common workm51 get almo/ any price !y   
ask4 ,j\rneym5 me*anics get #b p] day4  
,a c>p5t] or brick mason wants no o!r   
capital1 to d fir/ rate bus9ess1 & soon 
become indep5d5t1 ?an a set ( tools1 &  
habits ( indu/ry1 sobriety1 economy &   
ent]prise4  #e4 ,common labor]s on ! f>m
 obta9 f #ab to #ae p] mon?1 includ+    
bo>d4 ,any "y man1 ) indu/ri\s habits1 c
 beg9 "h )\t a doll>1 & 9 a v few ye>s  

become a sub/antial f>m]4 ,a good cradl]
 9 ! h>ve/ field w e>n f #a1ej to #b p] 
day4  #f4 ,mu* t we h /at$ 9 ref]5ce to 
,ill9ois1 w equally apply to ,miss\ri1  
or any o!r ,we/]n ,/ate4 ,_m g5]al      
pr9ciples h be5 laid d[n1 & p>ticul>    
facts exhibit$1 ) respect to ! g5]al    
description ( ! ,/ate1 soil1 timb]1 k9ds
 ( l&1 & o!r *>act]i/ics1 "u ,ill9ois1  
&1 to save repetition1 are omitt$       
else:]e4  ,,footnotes3  #aa ,beck4      
,,*apt] ,,xii4  ,,miss\ri4   ,l5g?1     
#bgh2 m$ium bread?1 #bce miles3 conta9+ 
#fd1ejj squ>e miles1 & conta9+          
#da1bhj1jjj acres4  ,b\nd$ nor? by !    
,des ,mo9es c\ntry1 or ,new ,pur*ase1   
atta*$ to ,wiscons9 ,t]ritory1 we/ by ! 
,indian ,t]ritory1 s\? by ,arkansas1 &  
ea/ by ! ,mississippi riv]4 ,betwe5 #cf 
deg4 & #dj deg4 #cg' ,n4 latitude1 &    
betwe5 #aa deg4 #ae' & #ag deg4 #cj' we/
 longitude4  ,civil ,divisions4--,x is  
divid$ into #ej c\nties1 z              
foll[s3--,b>ry1 ,b5ton1 ,boone1         
,callaway1 ,cape ,gir>deau1 ,c>roll1    

,*aviton1 ,clay1 ,cl9ton1 ,cole1 ,coop]1
 ,craw=d1 ,frankl91 ,gasconade1 ,gre51  
,h[>d1 ,jackson1 ,jeff]son1 ,johnson1   
,la ,fayette1 ,lewis1 ,l9coln1 ,madison1
 ,m>ion1 ,munroe1 ,montgom]y1 ,morgan1  
,new ,madrid1 ,p]ry1 ,pettis1 ,pike1    
,polk1 ,pulaski1 ,r&olph1 ,ralls1 ,ray1 
,ripley1 ,rives1 ,/4 ,francois1 ,/4     
,g5evieve1 ,/4 ,*>les1 ,/4 ,l\is1       
,sal9e1 ,scott1 ,%elby1 ,/odd>t1 ,van   
,bur51 ,w>r51 ,wa%+ton1 & ,wayne4       
,,population ,,at ,,diff]5t ,,p]iods4   
,population4                            
,increase4  #ahaj1 7includ+ ,arkansas17 
#ai1hcc     ,f #ahaj to #ahbj1          
#df1gec  #ahbj1                         
#ff1ehf         #ahbj   #ahbd1          
#ad1ejj  #ahbd1                         
#hj1jjj         #ahbd   #ahcj1          
#fj1dee  #ahcj1                         
#adj1dee         #ahcj   #ahcb1         
#ce1hbj  #ahcb1                         
#agf1bgf         #ahcb   #ahcf1         
#cc1gbd  #ahcf1 7e/imat$ = ,jan'y7      
#baj1jjj      ,! ,con/itution is simil> 

to t ( ,ill9ois1 9 its broad features1  
except+ ! hold+ ( slaves is all[$1 & !  
,g5]al ,assembly has no p[] to pass laws
 = ! emancipation ( slaves1 )\t ! cons5t
 ( _! own]s1 or pay+ an equival5t4 ,x is
 made ! duty ( ! ,g5]al ,assembly to    
oblige ! own]s ( slaves to treat !m )   
humanity1 & to ab/a9 f all injuries to  
!m ext5d+ to life or limb4 ,slaves %all 
n be depriv$ ( an imp>tial trial by     
jury4 ,9 #ahcb1 !re 7 9 ! ,/ate1 #cb1ahd
 slaves1 & #ffa free color$ p]sons4 ,e  
free :ite male citiz5 has ! "r (        
suffrage1 aft] a resid5ce 9 ! ,/ate ( "o
 ye>4  ,surface1 ,soil &                
,productions4--,! surface ( ?is ,/ate is
 greatly div]sifi$4 ,s\? ( ,cape        
,gir>deau1 ) ! exception ( "s bluffs    
along ! ,mississippi1 x is entirely     
alluvial1 & a l>ge proportion consi/s ( 
swamp & inundat$ l&s1 ! mo/ ( :i* are   
heavily timb]$4 ,f !nce to ! ,miss\ri   
riv]1 & we/w>d to ! divid+ gr\nds betwe5
 ! wat]s ( ! ,osage & ,gasconade riv]s1 
! c\ntry is g5]ally timb]$1 roll+1 & 9  

"s p>ts1 q hilly4 ,no "p ( ,miss\ri1    
h[ev]1 is /rictly m\nta9\s4 ,along !    
wat]s ( ,gasconade & ,black riv]s !     
hills are frequ5tly abrupt & rocky1 )   
/rips ( ri* alluvion along ! wat]       
c\rses4 ,mu* ( ?is region ab\nds )      
m9]als ( v>i\s descriptions4 ,lead1     
iron1 coal1 gypsum1 manganese1 z9c1     
antimony1 cobalt1 o*re ( v>i\s k9ds1    
common salt1 nitre1 plumbago1 porphyry1 
jasp]1 *alc$ony1 buhr/one1 m>ble1 &     
free/one1 ( v>i\s qualities4 ,! lead &  
iron ore are lit]ally exhau/less1 & ( ! 
ri*e/ quality4 ,to say !re is probably  
iron ore en\gh 9 ?is region to supply ! 
,unit$ ,/ates ) iron = "o hundr$ ?\s&   
ye>s to come1 w\ld n be extravagant4    
,"h1 too1 is wat] p[] 9 abundance1 rapid
 /reams1 ) pebbly b$s1 =e/s ( timb]1 &  
exhau/less b$s ( bitum9\s coal4 ,! only 
difficulty ( work+ ?is va/ body ( m9]als
 is ! inconv5i5ce ( gett+ its proce$s to
 ! ,mississippi4 ,! /reams t rise 9 ?is 
region1 run diff]5t c\rses into !       
,miss\ri1 ! ,mississippi1 & ! ,arkansas1

 b !y are too rapid & w9d+ 9 _! c\rses  
to af=d safe & easy navigation4  ,7 !   
rafts n[ lodg$ 9 ! ,/4 ,francois1 remov$
 by ! ag5cy ( gov]nm5t1 z !y h be5 9 ,r$
 riv]1 ! l[] section ( ! m9]al c\ntry   
c\ld be rea*$ by /eamboat navigation4 ,!
 citiz5s ( ,/4 ,l\is1 v rec5tly1 h ent]$
 ^u ! project ( a railway f t city1     
?r\gh ! he>t ( ?is c\ntry1 to ! f9e f>m+
 l&s 9 ! s\?-we/]n "p ( ! ,/ate4 ,su* a 
project1 c>ri$ into effect1 w\ld op5 a  
b\ndless field ( weal? 9 ,miss\ri4  ,!  
we/]n "p ( ! ,/ate is divid$ into       
prairie & =e/ l&1 mu* ( :i* is f]tile4  
,along ! ,osage1 x is hilly1 & ! :ole is
 undulat+1 & reg>d$ z a heal?y region1  
ab\nd+ ) good wat]1 salt spr+s1 &       
lime/one4 ,nor? ( ! ,miss\ri ! face ( ! 
c\ntry is div]sifi$1 ) a mixture ( timb]
 & prairie4 ,f ! ,miss\ri to ,salt riv]1
 good spr+s are sc>ce1 & 9 sev]al       
c\nties x is difficult to obta9 p]man5t 
wat] by digg+ wells4 ,artificial wells1 
z !y may be call$1 are made by digg+ a  
well =ty or fifty feet deep1 & repl5i%+ 

x ) a curr5t ( ra9 wat] f ! ro( ( !     
dwell+ h\se4 ,mu* ( ! prairie l& 9 ?is  
"p ( ! ,/ate is inf]ior to ! fir/       
quality ( prairie l& 9 ,ill9ois1 z !    
soil is m clayey1 & does n s readily    
absorb ! wat]4 ,betwe5 ,salt riv] & ,des
 ,mo9es1 is a beautiful & ri* c\ntry (  
l&4 ,! c\nties ( ,ralls1 ,m>ion1        
,monroe1 ,lewis & ,%elby1 are fir/ rate4
 ,! c\nties ( ,w>r51 ,montgom]y1        
,callaway1 ,boone1 ,h[>d1 & ,*aviton1   
all ly+ on ! nor? side ( ! ,miss\ri     
riv]1 are roll+1--9 "s places are bluffs
 & hills1 ) consid]able good prairie1 & 
an abundance ( timb]$ l&4 ,f>!r we/1 !  
proportion ( prairie increases to !     
b\nd>y l9e1 z x does to ! nor?w>d (     
,boone1 ,h[>d & ,*aviton c\nties4 ,aft] 
mak+ ample d$uctions = inf]ior soil1    
ranges ( b>r5 hills1 & l>ge tracts (    
swamp1 z 9 ! s\?1 ! ,/ate ( ,miss\ri    
conta9s a va/ proportion ( excell5t f>m+
 l&4 ,! p g5]ally are ent]pris+1 h>dy & 
indu/ri\s1 & mo/ ( ^? :o hold slaves1   
p]=m labor ) !m4 ,emigrants f e ,/ate & 

sev]al c\ntries ( ,europe1 are f\nd "h1 
b ! basis ( ! population is f ,k5tucky1 
,t5nessee & ,virg9ia4 ,! natural        
productions ( ,miss\ri are simil> to ^? 
,/ates already describ$1 & !            
agricultural productions are ! same z 9 
,ill9ois1 except t m tobacco is produc$ 
9 ! middle1 & consid]able quantities (  
cotton 9 ! s\!rn c\nties4  ,t[ns4--,!   
city ( ,jeff]son is ! political capital 
( ! ,/ate4 ,x is situat$ on ! "r bank ( 
! ,miss\ri1 a few miles above ! m\? ( ! 
,osage1 & ab\t #ach miles f ,/4 ,l\is4  
,x is a small t[n1 ) little bus9ess1    
except :at p]ta9s to ! gov]nm5t ( !     
,/ate4 ,a /ate h\se1 gov]nor's h\se &   
p5it5ti>y h be5 erect$4  ,/4 ,l\is is ! 
comm]cial capital1 & ! mo/ important    
place 9 all ?is portion ( ! ,valley ( ! 
,mississippi4 ,x /&s on ! we/]n bank ( !
 ,mississippi1 #ahj miles above !       
junction ( ! ,ohio1 #ah miles bel[ t ( !
 ,miss\ri1 & #ch miles bel[ t ( !       
,ill9ois4 ,x is beautifully situat$ on  
asc5d+ & elevat$ gr\nd1 :i* spreads out 

into an undulat+ surface to ! we/ = _m  
miles4 ,two /reets are p>allel ) ! riv] 
on ! fir/ bank1 & ! re/ ( ! city /&s on 
! second bank2 b v little grad+ is      
necess>y1 to give ! /reets runn+ back f 
! riv]1 _! prop] incl9ation4 ,! old     
/reets1 design$ only = a ,fr5* village1 
are too n>r[ = public conv5i5ce1 b a    
l>ge "p ( ! city has be5 laid out on a  
lib]al scale4 ,! ,indian & ,spani%      
trade1 ! fur & peltry bus9ess1 lead1    
gov]nm5t ag5cies1 army supplies1 surveys
 ( gov]nm5t l&s1 ) ! regul> trade ( an  
ext5sive int]ior c\ntry1 makes ,/4 ,l\is
 a place ( great bus9ess1 9 proportion  
to its population1 :i* is ab\t #aj1jjj4 
,! foll[+1 f ! regi/] ( ! :>f ma/]1 w   
exhibit ! comm]ce = #ahce3  ,,/eamboat  
,,regi/]4   ,numb] ( diff]5t boats      
arriv$1         #aba  ,aggregate (      
tonnage1                   #ae1dgj      
,numb] ( arrivals1                      
#hjc  ,:>fage collect$1                 
#d1egc4fj   ,wood & ,lumb]1 liable to   
,:>fage4   ,plank1 joi/1 & scantl+1     

#a1dad1ccj feet4  ,%+les1               
#adh1jjj  ,c$> po/s1                    
#g1gjf  ,cords ( fire-wood1             
#h1jff  ,! proportionate increase (     
bus9ess w be se5 by ref]5ce to ! foll[+ 
regi/ry = #ahca3   ,diff]5t /eamboats   
arriv$1               #fj  ,av]age am\nt
 ( tonnage1               #g1gfi  ,numb]
 ( entries1                         #ecb
  ,! morality1 intellig5ce & ent]prise (
 ?is city is equal to any o!r 9 ! ,we/1 
9 proportion to its size4 ,! ,am]ican   
population is mo/ num]\s1 b !re are _m  
,fr5*1 ,iri% & ,g]mans4 ,ab\t "o ?ird ( 
! inhabitants are ,roman ,ca?olics4 ,!  
,presbyt]ians1 ,me?odi/s1 &             
,episcopalians h l>ge congregations &   
h\ses ( wor%ip3 ! ,bapti/s & ,unit>ians 
are r small1 & )\t public edifices4 ,!  
,roman ,ca?olic ca!dral is a co/ly pile 
( build+s ( free/one1 & has a spl5did   
*ime ( bells1 s5t ov] f ,europe4 ,/4    
,l\is is a pleasant & heal?y situation1 
& surr\nd$ ) a f]tile c\ntry4  ,we h n  
space to give p>ticul>s respect+ _m     

int]e/+ & fl\ri%+ t[ns 9 ,miss\ri4      
,cape ,gir>deau is a comm]cial depot = !
 s\!rn "p ( ! ,/ate4 ,/4 ,g5evieve /&s a
 little back f ! riv]1 & is kn[n only z 
an old ,fr5* village4  ,selma is a l&+ &
 depot = ! lead m9e c\ntry1 #ch miles   
bel[ ,/4 ,l\is4  ,cl>ksville1 ,hannibal1
 ,sav]ton1 & ,la ,grange are comm]cial  
sites on ! ,mississippi1 above ! m\? (  
,miss\ri4 ,palmyra is a beautiful t[n1 (
 ab\t #a1jjj inhabitants1 & ! seat (    
ju/ice = ,m>ion c\nty4 ,along ! ,miss\ri
 are ,portl&1 ,ro*eport1 ,boonville1    
,lex+ton1 ,indep5d5ce1 & _m o!r places (
 v>i\s degrees ( importance4 ,frankl9   
=m]ly /ood on ! nor? bank ( ,miss\ri1 b 
mo/ ( x has be5 remov$1 ?ree miles      
int]ior1 to ! bluffs4 ,potosi is a      
c5tral t[n1 9 ! m9]al di/rict4 ,fulton1 
,columbia1 & ,fayette are ! seats (     
ju/ice = ,callaway1 ,boone1 & ,h[>d     
c\nties1 & are pleasant & fl\ri%+ t[ns4 
,ab\t ! same provision = education has  
be5 made 9 ?is z 9 o!r ,we/]n ,/ates1 & 
a disposition to enc\rage s*ools1       

academies & colleges is fa/ increas+4   
,,*apt] ,,xiii4  ,,arkansas1 ,,&        
,,t]ritorial ,,di/ricts4   ,arkansas1   
:i* has rec5tly =m$ a con/itution1 lies 
betwe5 #cc deg4 & #cf deg4 #cj' ,n4     
latitude1 & betwe5 #ac deg4 #cj' & #ag  
deg4 #de' ,w4 longitude4 ,l5g?1 #bce2   
m$ium bread?1 #bbb miles2--conta9+ ab\t 
#ej1jjj squ>e miles1 & #cb1jjj1jjj      
acres4  ,civil ,divisions4--,! foll[+   
are ! c\nties1 ) ! population1 f ! c5sus
 tak5 9 #ahce3   ,c\nties4              
,population4   ,arkansas1               
#b1jhj  ,c>roll1           #a1ceg       
,*icot1            #b1dga  ,conway1     
#a1bad  ,cl>k1             #a1bhe       
,craw=d1          #c1aci  ,critt5d51    
#a1djg  ,gre5e1              #iga       
,hemp/ead1         #b1iee  ,hot-,spr+1  
#f1aag  ,indep5d5ce1      #b1fec  ,iz>d1
             #a1hgi  ,jackson1          
#hia  ,jeff]son1         #a1dgd         
,johnson1           #a1hjc  ,la         
,fayette1        #a1ddf  ,lawr5ce1      
#c1hdd  ,mill]1            #a1cgc       

,mississippi1         #fjj  ,monroe1    
#eef  ,phillips1          #a1eah  ,pike1
                #ddi  ,pope1            
#a1cah  ,pulaski1           #c1eac      
,scott1               #ajj  ,sevi]1     
#a1cej  ,/4 ,francis1       #a1hif      
,union1               #hgh  ,van ,bur51 
#hee  ,wa%+ton1        #f1gdb           
------  ,total1            #eh1bab      
,ano!r table we h se51 makes out !      
population1 z (ficially report$ 7) !    
exception ( two c\nties1 f :i* returns  
_h n be5 made17 to be #ea1hji2--:ite    
males1 #bb1ece2 :ite females1           
#ai1chf2--total :ites1 #da1iga3 slaves1 
#i1fbi2--;free p]sons ( color1 #bji4 ,! 
population1 9 #ahcj1 #cj1chh2--;9 #ahcc1
 #dj1ffj4  ,! foll[+ graphical          
description ( ,arkansas1 f ! p5 ( a     
cl]gyman 9 t ,/ate1 is corroborat$ by   
te/imony 9 our possession1 f v>i\s      
correspond5ts4 ,x 0 writt5 9 #ahce4     
,lett] f ,rev4 ,h>vey ,woods1 to !      
,editor ( ! ,c9c9nati ,j\rnal4          
,arkansas ,t]ritory is a "p ( t va/     

c\ntry c$$ to ! ,unit$ ,/ates by        
,france1 9 #ahjc4 ,f ! "t ( ! pur*ase1  
till lately1 ! tide ( emigration h>dly  
rea*$ ?us f>4 ,9 #ahjj1 ! population 0  
#ajeb4 ,arkansas 0 erect$ into a        
,t]ritory 9 #ahai4 ,at ?is "t x is      
receiv+ a %>e ( ^? :o retire beyond !   
,mississippi4  ,riv]s4--,! ,t]ritory is 
admirably int]sect$ ) navigable riv]s4  
,! ,mississippi on ! ea/1 ! ,great ,r$  
riv] on ! s\?4 ,betwe5 ^!1 & runn+      
g5]ally f ,n4 ,w4 to ,s4 ,e4 are ! ,/4  
,francis1 ,:ite1 ,arkansas1 & ,wa%itau  
riv]s2 all f9e /reams = /eamboat        
navigation4  ,face ( ! ,c\ntry4--,x is  
v>i\s4 ,no c\ntry af=ds m div]sifi$     
sc5]y4 ,! c\ntry 9 ! ea/1 = #ajj miles1 
is flat ) m>%es & swamps2 9 ! middle1   
brok5 & hilly2 & 9 ! we/1 hilly &       
m\nta9\s4 ,!re are "s prairies1 "s      
?ickly timb]$ l&1 "s heavy timb]$4 ,!   
c\ntry is g5]ally a timb]$ c\ntry4 ,"s  
p>ts are s&y1 "s rocky1 & "s fl9ty4     
,soil4--,%\ld a man travel "h1 & expect 
to f9d all good l&1 he w\ld be sadly    

disappo9t$4 ,! be/ l&s are g5]ally      
contigu\s to ! riv]s & creeks2 & ^! are 
exce$+ly f]tile1 n surpass$ by any soil 
9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,arkansas soil t is  
ri*1 has j s& en\gh to make x lively &  
ela/ic4 ,our be/ l&s are cov]$ ) walnut1
 hackb]ry1 mulb]ry1 oak1 a%1 grape v9es1
 c4  ,wat]4--,! hilly & m\nta9\s p>ts   
are well suppli$ ) spr+s1 lime/one1 &   
free/one4 ,also good /reams = mills4 ,9 
! flat c\ntry1 good wat] is easily      
obta9$ by digg+4  ,productions4--,cotton
 & corn are ! pr9cipal4 ,! ,arkansas    
cottons comm&$ ! be/ price la/ season1 9
 ! ,liv]pool m>ket4 ,x is a c\ntry (    
unequall$ advantages = rais+ horses1    
mules1 cattle & hogs4  ,climate4--,x is 
mild1 & f its diff]5ce 9 latitude1 say f
 #cb deg4 #dj' to #cf deg4 #cj' ,n41 & !
 diff]5ce 9 local situation1 we w\ld    
guess1 & correctly too1 t !re is mu*    
diff]5ce 9 ! heal? ( diff]5t places2 !  
high & nor!rn p>ts heal?y1 & ! flat &   
s\!rn subject to agues & bili\s fev]s4  
,! climate has be5 consid]$ unheal?y to 

new settl]s2 b x is n m s ?an o!r new   
c\ntries4  ,m9]als4--,!re are quantities
 ( iron1 lead1 coal1 salt1 &1 x is      
ass]t$ by "s1 silv]4 ,!re are _m salt & 
sulphur spr+s4 ,on ! ,arkansas riv]1    
beyond ! limits ( ! ,t]ritory prop]1 is 
a section ( c\ntry call$ ! salt prairie1
 :i*1 accord+ to good au?ority1 is cov]$
 = _m miles1 f f\r to six in*es deep1 ) 
pure :ite salt4 ,9 ! ,hot ,spr+ c\ntry1 
are ! fam\s hot spr+s1 mu* resort$ to by
 p]sons ( *ronic & p>alytic diseases4 ,!
 temp]ature1 9 dry1 hot wea!r1 is at    
boil+ po9t4  ,/ate ( ,society4--,! g5]al
 "* ( ! p is brave1 h>dy1 &             
ent]pris+--frequ5tly )\t ! poli% (      
lit]ature1 yet k9d & hospitable4 ,! p   
are n[ rapidly improv+ 9 morals &       
intellect4 ,!y are z ready to enc\rage  
s*ools1 ! prea*+ ( ! gospel1 & !        
b5evol5t ent]prises ( ! age1 z any p 9  
new c\ntries4 ,! consequ5ces ( liv+ "h a
 long "t )\t ! opportunity ( educat+ _! 
*ildr51 & de/itute ( ! means ( grace1   
are1 among ?is population1 j :at !y     

always w be "u simil> circum/ances4     
,m9i/]s ( all d5om9ations are few & f>  
betwe54 ,we h no ne$ "h to build on     
o!r's f\ndation4  ,i am liv+ 9 ,jackson 
c\nty1 on ,:ite riv]4 ,?is c\nty has a  
l>g] quantity ( good l& ?an any "o 9 !  
,t]ritory4 ,:ite riv] is always         
navigable = /eamboats to ?is place1 #cej
 miles f its m\?4 ,well-wat] is         
good1--"s f9e spr+s4 ,wa%+ton c\nty1 &  
"s o!rs1 t h ! reputation ( bett] heal?1
 are m popul\s4  ,we want settl]s2 & we 
h no d\bt t va/ numb]s ( families 9 !   
,/ates1 p>ticul>ly ! poor1 & ^? 9       
mod]ate circum/ances1 w\ld bett] _!     
situation by com+ "h1 :]e !y c get pl5ty
 ( f]tile & fre% l& at gov]nm5t price1  
#a1be p] acre4 ,!y c h good range1 & all
 ! advantages ( new c\ntries4           
,emigrants1 h[ev]1 ought n to suff]     
!mselves to expect all sun%9e1 & no     
w9t]4 ,we h cl\dy days & cold wea!r1 ev5
 9 ,arkansas6 ,if !y h he>d ( ! honey   
pond1 :]e flitt]s gr[ on trees1 !y ne$ n
 be surpris$ if !y don't f9d x4 ,cab9s  

_c be built1 wells dug1 f>ms op5$1 rails
 made1 & meet+-h\ses & s*ool-h\ses      
erect$1 )\t "w4  ,x may be ask$1 ,if    
,arkansas be s f9e a c\ntry1 :y has x n 
be5 settl$ fa/]8 ,!re are p]haps ?ree   
reasons2--a fe> ( ! ,indians1 a fe> (   
sickness1 a fe> ( bad roads4 ,! ,indians
 are n[ all peaceably situat$ beyond !  
,t]ritory prop]1 & are bless$ ) ! labors
 ( a numb] ( good pi\s mission>ies1 :o  
are tea*+ !m to read ! ,bible1 & %[+ !  
tall sons ( ! =e/ ! way t leads to      
heav54 ,sickness is no m to be dread$ "h
 ?an 9 ,ill9ois & ,miss\ri4 ,! roads h  
inde$ be5 bad4--,= a long "t1 no "o c\ld
 v5ture ?r\gh ! ,mississippi swamps1    
unless he 0 a ,daniel ,boone4 ,b        
appropriations h be5 made by ,congress =
 sev]al roads4 ,?is summ]1 roads f      
,memphis to ,little ,rock1 & to         
,lit*field & ,batesville1 & o!r po9ts1 w
 be complet$4 ,an appropriation ( upw>ds
 ( #ajj1jjj has be5 made to con/ruct a  
road ?r\gh ! ,mississippi swamp4  ,aga93
 we want settl]s--we want physicians1   

lawy]s1 m9i/]s1 me*anics & f>m]s4 ,we   
want su*1 h[ev]1 & only su* z w make    
good neighbors4 ,if any :o ?9k ( com+ to
 live ) u1 are gambl]s1 drunk>ds1       
,sabba?-break]s1 pr(ane swe>]s1 or ! l1 
we hope t :5 !y leave _! old c\ntry1 !y 
w leave _! old habits4  ,we h n se5 !   
,con/itution ( ?is ,/ate1 n[ p5d+ be=e  
,congress = admission into ! ,union1 b  
und]/& t its ess5tial pr9ciples are !   
same z t ( ! o!r ,we/]n ,/ates4         
,,wiscons9 ,,t]ritory4  ,"u ?is "n is n[
 compreh5d$ an ext5sive di/rict (       
c\ntry1 ly+ on bo? sides ( !            
,mississippi riv]1 above ,ill9ois &     
,miss\ri1 & ext5d+ indef9itely nor?4 ,t 
portion ly+ betwixt ! nor!rn b\nd>y (   
,ill9ois & ! ,wiscons9 riv]1 & f lake   
,mi*igan to ! ,mississippi1 has !       
,indian title ext+ui%$1 &1 9 "p1 has be5
 survey$ & br\ght into m>ket4 ,!re is   
mu* excell5t l& 9 ?is "p ( ! ,t]ritory1 
& x is well wat]$ ) p]5nial /reams &    
spr+s4 ,(fices are op5$ = ! sale (      
public l&s1 at ,m9]al ,po9t & ,gre5     

,bay1 & a l>ge am\nt has be5 sold1 & "s 
at a high price4 ,! c\ntry imm$iately   
bord]+ on lake ,mi*igan1 is well timb]$1
 ) v>i\s trees4 ,"h are r$1 :ite1 black 
& burr oaks1 bee*1 a%1 l9d51 popl>1     
walnut1 hickory1 sug> & :ite maple1 elm1
 bir*1 hemlock1 & p9e1 ) _m o!r k9ds4 ,!
 soil is n s deep & d>k a m\ld z 9 !    
prairies ( ,ill9ois1 b is f]tile &      
easily cultivat$2 & s&y1 especially ab\t
 ! t[n ( ,gre5 ,bay4 ,t[>ds ! lake1 &   
ne> ! body ( wat] call$ ,/urgeon ,bay1  
connect$ ) ,gre5 ,bay1 & betwe5 t & !   
lake1 are ext5sive swamps & cranb]ry    
m>%es4 ,wild rice1 tam>isk1 & spruce1   
gr[ "h4 ,ab\t ,rock riv] & f !nce to !  
,mississippi1 !re is mu* excell5t l&1 b 
a defici5cy ( timb]4 ,lead & copp] ore1 
& probably o!r m9]als1 ab\nd 9 ?is "p ( 
! c\ntry4 ,along to ! ea/ & nor? ( !    
,f\r lakes1 are alt]nate quagmires & s& 
ridges1 = #ej miles or m1 call$ by !    
,fr5* c\reurs du bois1 ,t]re ,tremblant1
 7trembl+ l&17 ! "* ( :i* is suffici5tly
 indicat$ by ! "n4  ,!re are sev]al     

small lakes 9 ! di/rict ( c\ntry we are 
n[ exam9+1 ! l>ge/ ( :i* is ,w9nebago4  
,x is situat$ #cj or #dj miles s\? (    
,gre5 ,bay1--is ab\t t5 miles long1 &   
?ree broad1 & is full ( wild rice4 ,fox 
riv] passes ?r\gh x4 ,ku%kanong is six  
or eight miles 9 diamet]1 ) "s swamps & 
quagmires 9 its vic9ity4 ,x is on ,rock 
riv]1 betwe5 ,catfi% & ,:itewat]4  ,!   
,f\r lakes are /rung along on a /ream   
call$ ,catfi%1 :i* ent]s ,rock riv] #be 
or #cj miles above ! b\nd>y ( ,ill9ois4 
,!y are #f or #h miles long1 ab\nd+ )   
fi%1 & are surr\nd$ ) an excell5t f>m+  
c\ntry4  ,gre5 ,bay settlem5t & village 
is #bcj miles nor? ( ,*icago1 #bbj      
nor?-ea/ f ,gal5a1 #abj f ,=t ,w9nebago1
 & 9 ,n4 latitude #dd deg4 #dd'4 ,nav>9o
 is a t[n rec5tly comm5c$ 9 ?is vic9ity1
 ) an excell5t h>bor1 gr[s rapidly1 &   
bids fair to become a place (           
importance4 ,prop]ty has ris5 ! la/ ye> 
mo/ a/oni%+ly4  ,=t ,w9nebago is a      
milit>y po/1 at ! b5d1 & on ! "r bank ( 
,fox riv]1 opposite ! portage4 ,f !nce  

to ! ,wiscons91 is a l[ wet prairie1 (  
?ree f\r?s ( a mile1 ?r\gh :i*1 a       
company has be5 *>t]$ to cut a canal4   
,on ?is r\te1 ! fir/ explor]s rea*$ !   
,mississippi 9 #afgc4 ,! ,wiscons9 riv]1
 h[ev]1 )\t consid]able improvem5t1 is n
 navigable = /eamboats1 at ord9>y /ages 
( ! wat]1 )\t mu* tr\ble4 ,x is full (  
b>s1 isl&s1 rocks1 & has a devi\s       
*annel4  ,! /reams t rise 9 ! ea/]n "p (
 ?is ,t]ritory1 & fl[ into lake         
,mi*igan1 nor? ( ! b\nd>y ( ,ill9ois1   
are 9 ord] z foll[s3 ,pipe creek1 a     
small /ream1 b a few miles f !          
b\nd>y1--,root riv] next1--!n           
,milwaukee1 #ij miles f ,*icago4 ,x     
rises 9 ! swampy c\ntry1 s\? ( ,w9nebago
 lake1 runs a s\?-ea/]ly c\rse1 &1 aft] 
receiv+ ! ,m5omone1 =ms ,milwaukee bay4 
,"h is a t[n site1 on bo? sides ( !     
riv]1 ) a population ( six or eight     
hundr$1 :i* promises to become a place (
 bus9ess4 ,! soil up ! ,milwaukee is    
good1 f #f to #cb in*es 9 dep?1 a black 
loam & s&4  ,pass+ nor?w>d d[n ! lake is

 ,oak creek1 #i miles bel[              
,milwaukee1--!nce #ba miles is ,sauk    
creek1 a small /ream4 ,sev5ty miles f   
,milwaukee is ,%ab-wi-wi-a-gun4 ,"h is  
f\nd :ite p9e1 maple1 bee*1 bir* &      
spruce1 b v little oak3 ! surface level 
& s&y4 ,pigeon riv] is #ae or #bj miles 
fur!r on1 ) excell5t l& on its          
bord]s2--timb]1--maple1 a%1 bee*1 l9d51 
elm1 c4 ,fifte5 miles fur!r d[n1 is     
,manatawok4 ,"h comm5ces ! hemlock1 )   
consid]able p9e4 ,?is /ream is ab\t #dj 
or #ej miles f ,gre5 ,bay settlem5t4    
,tw9 riv]s are bel[ ,manatawok1 ) s&y   
soil1 & good timb] ( p9e & o!r v>ieties4
 ,f ,milwaukee to ,gre5 ,bay1 by a      
survey$ r\te1 is #aab miles2--by !      
,indian trail1 commonly travell$1 #ace  
miles4 ,nor? ( ! ,wiscons9 riv]1 is     
,craw=d c\nty1 ( :i* ,prairie du ,*i5 is
 ! seat ( ju/ice4 ,f ! great b5d at ,=t 
,w9nebago across t[>ds ! ,mississippi is
 a s]ies ( abrupt hills1 ris+ sev]al    
hundr$ feet1 & cov]$ ) a d5se =e/ ( elm1
 l9d51 oak1 walnut1 a%1 sug> maple1 c4  

,! soil is ri*1 b is too hilly & brok5 =
 agricultural purposes4 ,!re is no      
alluvial soil1 or bottoms along !       
/reams1 or grass 9 ! =e/s4  ,! ,wiscons9
 riv] rises 9 an unexplor$ c\ntry t[>ds 
lake ,sup]ior4 ,! c\reurs du bois1 &    
voyageurs repres5t x z a cold1 m\nta9\s1
 dre>y region1 ) swamps4  ,we/ ( !      
,mississippi1 above ,des ,mo9es1 &      
ext5d+ nor?w>d to a po9t "s di/ance     
above ! nor!rn b\nd>y ( ,ill9ois1 & =   
#ej miles int]ior1 is a valuable c\ntry1
 pur*as$ ( ! ,indians 9 #ahcb4 ,its     
/reams rise 9 ! great prairies1 run an  
ea/ or s\?-ea/]n c\rse into !           
,mississippi4 ,! mo/ not$ are ,fl9t1    
,skunk1 ,wau-be-se-p9-e-con1 ,upp] &    
,l[] ,i[a riv]s1 & ,turkey1 ,catfi%1 &  
,big & ,little ,ma-quo-ka-tois1 or ,be> 
creeks4 ,! soil1 9 g5]al1 is excell5t1 &
 v mu* resembles ! milit>y tract 9      
,ill9ois4 ,! wat] is excell5t1--pl5ty ( 
lime1 s& & free/one1--ext5sive prairies1
 & a defici5cy ( timb] a few miles      
int]ior4 ,ab\t ,dubuque1 opposite       

,gal5a1 are ext5sive & ri* lead m9es4   
,burl+ton is a t[n conta9+ a population 
( #gjj1 at ! ,fl9t hills opposite ,w>r5 
c\nty1 ,ill9ois4 ,dubuque is situat$ on 
! ,mississippi1 on a s&y bottom1 above  
high wat]1 & #ad miles ,n4 ,w4 f ,gal5a4
 ,x has ab\t #fj /ores & groc]ies1 #b   
tav]ns1 #b *ur*es1 & ab\t #ajjj         
inhabitants1 & we h be=e u ! prospectus 
= ! ,,dubuque ,,visit]1 a weekly        
newspap]4 ,p]u is 9 ! vic9ity1 & conta9s
 ab\t #ejj inhabitants4 ,! ,new         
,pur*ase1 z ?is di/rict ( c\ntry is     
call$1 is divid$ into two c\nties1      
,dubuque1 & ,des ,mo9es1 & conta9s a    
population ( #h or #aj1jjj4 ,! :ole     
,wiscons9 ,t]ritory is e/imat$ by its   
legislature1 n[ 9 session1 to conta9    
#cj1jjj inhabitants4  ,hi!rto1 = civil  
purposes1 ?is region has =m$ a "p (     
,mi*igan ,t]ritory1 & /ill its          
legislature acts "u t "n2 b a bill is   
be=e ,congress to organize a t]ritorial 
gov]nm5t "u ! "n ( ,,wiscons91 :i*      
d\btless w be effect$ 9 a few weeks4 ,n 

_m ye>s w elapse be=e two new ,/ates w  
be =m$ out ( ?is di/rict ( c\ntry1 ! "o 
on ! ea/]n1 & ! o!r on ! we/]n1 side ( !
 ,mississippi4     ,,*apt] ,,xiv4       
,,lit]>y ,,& ,,religi\s ,,in/itutions   
,,= ,,! ,,we/4  ,colleges2--,/ati/ical  
,sket*es ( ea* ,d5om9ation2--,roman     
,ca?olics2--,field = ef=t1 & progress   
made4   ,9 giv+ a sket* ( lit]>y &      
religi\s in/itutions 9 ! ,we/1 ! v      
limit$ space rema9+ to be occupi$ 9 ?is 
"w1 compels me to ?r[ toge!r a few g5]al
 facts only4 ,! au?or has made "s       
progress 9 collect+ mat]ials1 & he      
designs to prep>e ano!r "w soon1 9 :i* a
 v>iety ( p>ticul>s & sket*es w be giv5 
( ! e>ly hi/ory1 progress ( lit]>y &    
religi\s in/itutions1 colleges1         
sem9>ies1 *ur*es1 ,bible1 ,sunday s*ool1
 education & o!r k9dr$ societies 9 !    
,we/]n ,valley1 ) ! pres5t aspect ( ea* 
d5om9ation ( ,*ri/ians4 ,! int]e/ tak5 9
 ! affairs ( ! ,we/1 & ! anxiety ev9c$  
by ! community = facts & p>ticul>s on ^?
 subjects1 dem& t !y %\ld be treat$ m 9 

detail ?an ! limits ( ?is ,guide w all[4
   ,i4 ,,colleges4  ,,ohio4--,ohio      
,univ]sity1 at ,a!ns1 0 f\nd$ 9         
#ahjb2--;has an end[m5t ( #df1jcj acres 
( l&1 :i* yields #b1cjj annually4 ,a    
l>ge & elegant edifice ( brick 0 erect$ 
9 #ahag4 ,! numb] ( /ud5ts ab\t #ij4    
,miami ,univ]sity1 0 f\nd$ 9 #ahbd1 & is
 a fl\ri%+ in/itution at ,ox=d1 ,butl]  
c\nty1 #cg miles f ,c9c9nati4 ,x        
possesses ! t[n%ip ( l& 9 :i* x is      
situat$1 & f :i* x receives an income ( 
ab\t #ejjj4 ,numb] ( /ud5ts ab\t #bjj4  
,patroniz$ by ,presbyt]ians4 ,!         
,c9c9nati ,college 0 incorporat$ 9      
#ahai1 cont9u$ to be su/a9$ z a         
classical in/itution = "s ye>s1 & !n    
susp5d$ op]ations4 ,x has be5 reviv$ &  
re-organiz$ lately1 & w probably be     
su/a9$4 ,k5yon ,college1 at ,gambi]1    
,knox c\nty1 9 a c5tral "p ( ! ,/ate1 0 
e/abli%$ 9 #ahbh1 ?r\gh ! ef=ts ( ,rev4 
,phil&] ,*ase1 !n bi%op ( ! ,ohio       
,diocess1 :o obta9$ ab\t #cj1jjj 9      
,engl& to end[ x4 ,its *ief patrons 7 ^?

 excell5t ,briti% noblem51 ,lords ,k5yon
 & ,gambi]4 ,x is "u ,episcopal         
jurisdiction1 & has a !ological         
dep>tm5t1 = ! education ( c&idates = !  
m9i/ry 9 ! ,episcopal *ur*4 ,x has ab\t 
#aej /ud5ts4 ,we/]n ,res]ve ,college is 
at ,hudson4 ,x 0 f\nd$ by ,presbyt]ians 
& ,congregationali/s 9 #ahbf1 & has #hb 
/ud5ts 9 all its dep>tm5ts4 ,frankl9    
,college is 9 ,new ,a!ns1 ,h>rison      
c\nty1 on ! ea/]n side ( ! ,/ate1 & has 
ab\t #ej /ud5ts4 ,! ,granville ,lit]>y &
 ,!ological ,in/itution orig9at$ "u     
patronage ( ! ,bapti/ d5om9ation 9      
#ahca4 ,x is design$ to embrace f\r     
dep>tm5ts1--prep>atory1 ,engli%1        
collegiate1 & !ological4 ,x is rapidly  
ris+1 & conta9s m ?an #ajj /ud5ts4      
,ob]l9 ,in/itute has be5 rec5tly        
e/abli%$ 9 ,lora9 c\nty1 "u ! influ5ce (
 new measure ,presbyt]ians1 ) f\r       
dep>tm5ts1 & has #bgf /ud5ts1 z foll[s3 
,9 ! !ological dep>tm5t1 #ce2           
collegiate1 #cg2 prep>atory1 #ca2       
female1 #gc4 ,! citiz5s ( ,clevel& h    

rec5tly contribut$ to x #ae1jjj1 ( :i*  
six p]sons gave #ajjj ea*4 ,! ,willib\gh
 ,collegiate ,in/itute is 9 ! lake      
c\ntry ( ,ohio1 & has be5 gott5 up )9 a 
few ye>s pa/4 ,! ,m>ietta ,collegiate   
,in/itute is said to be a fl\ri%+ &     
respectable in/itution1 hav+ a l>ge     
numb] ( /ud5ts 9 v>i\s dep>tm5ts4       
,,indiana4--,indiana college is a ,/ate 
in/itution1 e/abli%$ at ,bloom+ton1 &   
comm5c$ op]ations 9 #ahbh4 ,pres5t numb]
 ( /ud5ts n kn[n4 ,9 #ahcb ! numb]      
exce$$ #ej4  ,hanov] ,college is at ,s\?
 ,hanov]1 six miles bel[ ! t[n (        
,madison1 & ne> ! ,ohio riv]4 ,x is a   
fl\ri%+ in/itution1 ) arrangem5ts =     
manual labor1 & is /yl$ ,s\? ,hanov]    
,college & ,indiana ,!ological ,sem9>y4 
,! numb] ( /ud5ts exce$ #ajj4 ,waba%    
,college1 at ,craw=dsville1 has j       
comm5c$ op]ations "u auspici\s          
circum/ances4 ,"u patronage ( !         
,presbyt]ians4  ,,ill9ois4--,ill9ois    
,college1 ne> ,jacksonville1 comm5c$ z a
 prep>atory s*ool 9 #ahcj1 & has made   

rapid progress4 ,l>ge funds = its       
end[m5t h be5 rec5tly provid$ 9 ! ,ea/]n
 ,/ates4 ,! numb] ( /ud5ts ab\t #hj4    
,%urtleff ,college ( ,alton1 ,ill9ois1 0
 comm5c$ "u ! ef=ts ( ,bapti/s at ,alton
 9 #ahcb1 z a prep>atory                
in/itution2--*>t]$ z a college 9        
,febru>y1 #ahce1 & has be5 rec5tly nam$ 
9 honor ( a lib]al patron1 ,dr4 ,b5jam9 
,%urtleff1 ( ,bo/on1 ,mass41 :o has     
pres5t$ ! in/itution ) #aj1jjj4 ,x has  
#fj /ud5ts1 & its prospects are         
enc\rag+4 ,mc,kendreean ,college has be5
 *>t]$1 a build+ erect$1 & a s*ool      
comm5c$ at ,lebanon4 ,x is connect$ ) ! 
,me?odi/ ,episcopal ,*ur*4 ,*>t]s h be5 
rec5tly grant$ = o!r colleges 9 ?is     
,/ate1 & measures adopt$ to br+ "s ( !m 
into exi/5ce4 ,! ,rev4 ,phil&] ,*ase1 ^:
 p]sev]+ labors br\ght into exi/5ce &   
successful op]ation1 ,k5yon college 9   
,ohio1 & :o is n[ bi%op ( ,ill9ois1 is  
at pres5t 9 ,engl&1 :]e1 by rec5t       
advices1 he has obta9$ #ej1jjj to inve/ 
9 ,ill9ois l&s1 & to e/abli% a college =

 ! int]e/s ( ! ,episcopal *ur*4         
,,miss\ri4--,! ,roman ,ca?olics h two   
in/itutions ( a collegiate "*1 e/abli%$ 
9 ?is ,/ate1 ,/4 ,m>y's ,college1 9     
,p]ry c\nty1 0 e/abli%$ by ,bi%op ,du   
,b\rg1 9 #ahbb4 ,x has #f1jjj volumes 9 
! libr>y4 ,includ+ ! nunn]y1 & s*ool =  
females1 a sem9>y = ! education (       
prie/s1 a prep>atory1 & a prim>y s*ool1 
! numb] ( tea*]s & /ud5ts are ab\t #cjj4
  ,/4 ,l\is ,univ]sity 0 f\nd$ 9 #ahbi1 
& is conduct$ by ! ,fa!rs ( ! society ( 
,jesuits4 ,! edifice is #acj feet1 by   
#dj1 ( #d /ories1 includ+ ! basem5t1 &  
is situat$ on elevat$ & pleasant gr\nd1 
on ! conf9es ( ! city4  ,= !            
,prote/ants1 ! foll[+ in/itutions h be5 
e/abli%$4 ,columbia ,college1 adjac5t to
 ,columbia1 ,boon c\nty4 ,! in/itution  
op5$ 9 #ahce1 "u enc\rag+ circum/ances4 
,m>ion ,college is 9 a delightful tract 
( c\ntry1 a prairie region1 9 ! we/]n "p
 ( ,mi*igan c\nty1--& has betwe5 #hj &  
#ajj /ud5ts4 ,x is connect$ ) !         
,presbyt]ian int]e/s4 ,! project z      

develop$ by "s ( its f\nd]s1 is an      
imm5se "o1 includ+ ,engli%1 sci5tific1  
classical1 !ological1 m$ical1           
agricultural1 & law dep>tm5ts1--all to  
be su/a9$ by manual labor1 & ! proce$s (
 ext5sive f>ms4 ,d\btless1 by prud5t &  
p]sev]+ ef=ts1 a respectable college may
 be br\ght into successful op]ation4 ,a 
college at ,/4 ,*>les1 has be5 f\nd$1   
pr9cipally by ! lib]ality ( ,george     
,colli]1 a m]*ant ( ,/4 ,l\is1 & two or 
?ree o!r g5tlem51 & a classical &       
sci5tific s*ool has be5 comm5c$4        
,,arkansas4--,ef=ts are mak+ to e/abli% 
a college by ,presbyt]ian ag5cy1 at     
,cane ,hill1 9 ?is newly =m$ ,/ate4 ,two
 or ?ree collegiate in/itutions w soon  
be ne$$ 9 ?is region4                   
,,k5tucky4--,transylvania ,univ]sity1 at
 ,lex+ton1 is ! olde/ collegiate        
in/itution 9 ! ,we/4 ,x 0 comm5c$1 by a 
grant ( #h1jjj acres ( l& by !          
legislature ( ,virg9ia1 9 #aghc1 & 0 !n 
call$ ,transylvania ,sem9>y4 ,! ,k5tucky
 ,academy 0 f\nd$ 9 #agid1 & bo?        

in/itutions 7 unit$ & incorporat$ 9     
#agih1 "u ! pres5t "n4 ,x has classical1
 m$ical1 law1 & prep>atory dep>tm5ts1--&
 includ+ ea*1 f #cjj to #djj /ud5ts4    
,c5t] ,college1 at ,danville1 0 f\nd$ by
 ! ,presbyt]ian *ur*1 9 #ahah1 = :i* !  
synod ( ,k5tucky pl$g$ #bj1jjj4 ,numb] (
 /ud5ts ab\t #ajj4 ,augu/a ,college 0   
f\nd$ 9 #ahbb1 by ! ,ohio & ,k5tucky    
conf]5ces ( ! ,me?odi/ ,episcopal *ur*4 
,x adopt$ collegiate regulations 9      
#ahbh4 ,numb] ( /ud5ts 9 ! collegiate1  
academical & prim>y dep>tm5ts1 ab\t     
#bjj4  ,cumb]l& ,college 0 incorporat$ 9
 #ahbd1 & is e/abli%$ at ,pr9ceton1 9 ! 
we/]n "p ( ! ,/ate4 ,x is "u ! patronage
 & jurisdiction ( ! ,cumb]l&            
,presbyt]ians4 ,a f>m1 includ+ a tract (
 #e1jjj acres ( l&1 ) work%ops1 furni%  
facilities = manual labor4 ,x has ab\t  
#hj /ud5ts4  ,/4 ,joseph's ,college is a
 ,roman ,ca?olic in/itution1 at ,b>d/[n1
 ) college build+s suffici5t to         
accommodate #bjj /ud5ts1 & valu$ at     
#fj1jjj4 ,x comm5c$ ) #d /ud5ts 9 #ahbj4

 ,9 #ahcc !re 7 9 ! collegiate &        
prep>atory dep>tm5ts1 #abj /ud5ts4 ,!   
,/4 ,?omas & ,/4 ,m>y ,sem9>ies are also
 "u ! *>ge ( ,roman ,ca?olic prie/s1 !  
"o 9 ,nelson c\nty1 f\r miles f ,b>d/[n1
 & ! o!r 9 ,wa%+ton c\nty4  ,a college 0
 f\nd$ by ! ,bapti/s at ,georget[n 9    
#ahcj1 b f unt[>d circum/ances1 is      
probably rel9qui%$ by ! d5om9ation4     
,,t5nessee4--,! ,univ]sity ( ,na%ville  
is a prom95t in/itution4 ,! laboratory  
is "o ( ! f9e/ 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 & !   
m9]alogical cab9et1 n exce$$1 & ?is     
dep>tm5t1 z well z e o!r 9 ! college1 is
 sup]9t5d$ ) mu* tal5t4 ,! numb] (      
/ud5ts is ab\t #ajj4 ,gre5ville1        
,knoxville & ,wa%+ton colleges are 9    
,ea/ ,t5nessee4 ,jackson ,college is    
ab\t to be remov$ f its pres5t site1 &  
locat$ at ,columbia4 #be1jjj h be5      
subscrib$ = ! purpose4 ,a ,presbyt]ian  
,!ological ,sem9>y is at ,m>yville4     
,,mississippi4--,jeff]son ,college is at
 ,wa%+ton1 six miles f ,nat*ez4 ,x has n
 fl\ri%$ z a college1 & is n[ said to be

 conduct$ some:at on ! pr9ciple ( a     
milit>y academy4 ,oakl& ,college has be5
 rec5tly f\nd$ by ,presbyt]ians1 & bids 
fair to ex]t a b5eficial influ5ce ^u    
religion & morals1 mu* ne$$ 9 t ,/ate4  
,! ,bapti/ d5om9ation are tak+ measures 
to e/abli% a collegiate in/itution 9 t  
,/ate4  ,,l\isiana4--,has a college at  
,jackson1 9 ! ea/]n "p ( ! ,/ate1 ,!    
,roman ,ca?olics h a college at ,new    
,orleans4  ,!re is a respectable        
collegiate in/itution1 "u ! fo/]+ c>e ( 
! ,me?odi/ ,episcopal ,*ur*1 at         
,lagrange1 9 ! nor?-we/]n "p (          
,,alabama4  ,academies h be5 e/abli%$ 9 
v>i\s p>ts ( ! ,we/1 = bo? sexes1 & !re 
are female sem9>ies ( "* & /&+ at       
,pittsburg1 ,c9c9nati1 ,granville1      
,l\isville1 ,lex+ton1 ,na%ville1 & _m   
o!r places4 ,sev]al m colleges1 & a l>ge
 numb] ( m9or in/itutions1 w be ne$$ v  
%ortly to supply ! dem&s = education 9 !
 ,we/4 ,! public m9d is awake to !      
subject ( education1 & mu* has already  
be5 done1 ?\gh a great] "w has yet to be

 accompli%$ to supply ! wants ( ! ,we/ 9
 lit]>y in/itutions4  ,an annual        
conv5tion is held 9 ,c9c9nati1 on ! fir/
 ,monday 9 ,octob]1 d5om9at$ ! ,we/]n   
,in/itute & ,college ( ,pr(essional     
,tea*]s4 ,its object1 accord+ to !      
con/itution1 is1 to promote by e        
laudable means1 ! diffusion ( k 9 reg>d 
to education1 & especially by aim+ at ! 
elevation ( ! "* ( tea*]s1 :o %all h    
adopt$ in/ruction z _! regul> pr(ession4
 ,! fir/ meet+ 0 held 9 #ahca1 "u !     
auspices ( ! ,academic ,in/itute1 a     
previ\sly exi/+ in/itution1 b ( m limit$
 op]ations4 ,! second conv5tion1 9      
#ahcb1 fram$ a con/itution & *ose       
(fic]s1 s9ce :i* "t regul> meet+s h be5 
held by delegates or individuals f v>i\s
 p>ts ( ! ,we/1 & a volume (            
,transactions ( #cjj or #djj pages      
publi%$ annually4   ,,ii4 ,,!ological   
,,in/itutions4  ,! ,we/]n ,!ological    
,sem9>y at ,alleghany t[n1 opposite     
,pittsburg1 is "u ! jurisdiction ( !    
,g5]al ,assembly ( ! ,presbyt]ian ,*ur*4

 ,x comm5c$ op]ations 9 #ahbi4 ,at      
,canonsburg is a sem9>y belong+ to !    
,associate *ur*1 ( :i* ,dr4 ,ramsey is  
,pr(essor4 ,! ,associate ,re=m$ *ur* h a
 !ological s*ool 9 ,pittsburg1 "u *>ge (
 ! ,rev4 ,john ,t4 ,pressly ,d4 ,d4 ,!  
,bapti/ d5om9ation are n[ engag$ 9      
e/abli%+ a manual labor academy 9 !     
vic9ity ( ,pittsburg1 = bo? m9i/]ial &  
g5]al education4  ,! !ological dep>tm5ts
 ( ,ob]l91 ,granville1 & o!r collegiate 
in/itutions1 h be5 notic$ already4 ,lane
 ,sem9>y1 ne> ,c9c9nati1 0 f\nd$ 9      
#ahcj1 by ,messrs4 ,e4  ,w4 ,a4 ,lane1  
m]*ants1 ( ,new ,orleans1 :o made a v   
lib]al (f] ( aid4 ,its location is      
excell5t1 two & a half miles f          
,c9c9nati1 at ,walnut ,hills1 & is "u ! 
*>ge ( ! ,rev4 ,dr4 ,bee*]1 & a body (  
pr(essors4 ,numb] ( /ud5ts ab\t #dj4 ,! 
,hanov] ,in/itution 9 ,indiana1 has be5 
notic$ already4 ,9 ! !ological dep>tm5t 
are ?ree pr(essors & #ab /ud5ts4 ,!     
,bapti/s 9 ?is ,/ate are ab\t e/abli%+ a
 manual labor sem9>y = m9i/]ial & g5]al 

education4  ,a valuable prop]ty has be5 
pur*as$1 adjo9+ ,cov+ton1 ,ky41 opposite
 ,c9c9nati1 & measures h be5 put 9 tra9 
to f\nd a !ological sem9>y by ! ,bapti/ 
d5om9ation4 ,! executive committee ( !  
,we/]n ,bapti/ ,education ,society1 h   
?is object 9 *>ge4 ,! ,alton ,!ological 
,sem9>y1 locat$ at ,upp] ,alton1        
,ill9ois1 is "u an organization di/9ct f
 t ( ,%urtleff ,college1 already notic$4
 ,?is in/itution has #ej acres (        
valuable l&1 & a /one edifice (         
respectable size1 occupi$ at pres5t 9   
jo9t conc]n ) ! college1 & a valuable   
libr>y ( sev]al hundr$ volumes4 ,its    
organization has be5 b rec5tly effect$4 
,rev4 ,l4 ,colby1 is pr(essor1 ) #h     
/ud5ts4 ,o!r in/itutions1 hav+ !ological
 education1 ei!r 9 :ole or 9 "p1 _!     
object1 are 9 contemplation4  ,two      
rem>ks1 by way ( explanation are "h     
necess>y4 #a4 ,mo/ ( ! colleges &       
!ological s*ools ( ! ,we/]n ,valley h   
facilities = manual labor1 or are mak+ t
 provision4 ,9 sev]al1 "s ( ! /ud5ts pay

 half1 & ev5 ! :ole ( _! exp5ses1 by _! 
own ef=ts4 ,public s5tim5t is awake to  
?is subject1 & is ga9+ gr\nd4 #b4 ,9    
enum]at+ ! /ud5ts1 ! memb]s ( !         
prep>atory dep>tm5ts are includ$1 _m (  
:om d n expect to pass ?r\gh a regul>   
collegiate c\rse4 ,! circum/ances &     
wants ( ! c\ntry1 f its rapid gr[?1 seem
 to require ! app5dage ( a l>ge         
prep>atory dep>tm5t to e college4  ,x   
may be well to obs]ve "h1 t a great &   
increas+ dem& exi/s 9 all ! ,we/]n      
,/ates1 & especially ^? bord]+ on !     
,mississippi1 = tea*]s ( prim>y s*ools4 
,hundr$s & ?\s&s ( moral1 intellig5t1 & 
pi\s p]sons1 male & female1 w\ld meet ) 
enc\ragem5t & success 9 ?is dep>tm5t (  
labor4 ,x is altoge!r unnecess>y = su*  
p]sons to write to _! fri5ds1 to make   
inquiries :e!r !re are op5+s1 c4 ,if !y 
come f ! old] ,/ates ) ! prop]          
recomm5dations z to "* & qualifications1
 !y w n fail to meet ) employm5t 9 almo/
 any qu>t] to :i* !y may direct _!      
c\rse4 ,!re is n a c\nty 9 ,miss\ri1    

,arkansas1 ,ill9ois1 or ,indiana1 :]e   
p]sons w\ld n meet ) con/ant employm5t 9
 tea*+1 & especially :]e tea*]s 9       
,sabba? s*ools are ne$$4 ,p]sons desir\s
 ( su* a field1 ( humble1 yet useful    
labor1 %\ld come "h ) ! fix$ purpose to 
mix )1 & con=m to ! usages ( ! ,we/]n   
population1 to avoid fa/idi\sness1 & to 
submit to ! pla91 frank1 social1 &      
hospitable mann]s ( ! p4   ,,iii4 ,,deaf
 ,,& ,,dumb ,,asylums4  ,!re are two    
in/itutions ( ?is description 9 !       
,we/1--"o at ,columbus1 ,ohio2 ! o!r at 
,danville1 ,ky4 ,! "o 9 ,ohio conta9s   
ab\t #ej pupils4   ,,iv4 ,,m$ical       
,,in/itutions4  ,! m$ical dep>tm5t 9    
,transylvania ,univ]sity1 ,k5tucky1 has 
six pr(essors1 & usually ab\t #bjj      
/ud5ts to att5d ! lectures4 ,fees = an  
entire c\rse1 ) matriculation & libr>y1 
#aaj4 ,two m$ical in/itutions (         
respectable /&+ exi/ 9 ,c9c9nati1--"o   
connect$ ) ! ,miami univ]sity1 ! o!r )  
,c9c9nati college4  ,! ,ohio ,re=m$     
,m$ical ,s*ool1 0 e/abli%$ at ,wor?+ton1

 #i miles nor? ( ,columbus1 9 #ahcj4 ,no
 specifi$ "t is requir$ = /udy1 b :5 a  
/ud5t w pass exam9ation1 he is lic5s$ to
 practice4   ,v4 ,,law ,,s*ools4  ,! law
 dep>tm5t ( ,transylvania ,univ]sity1 is
 "u ! *>ge ( two able pr(essors1 :o he> 
recitations & deliv] lectures4 ,! av]age
 numb] ( /ud5ts is ab\t #dj4  ,a law    
s*ool 0 e/abli%$ at ,c9c9nati1 9 #ahcc1 
) f\r pr(essors1--,messrs4 ,john ,c4    
,wright1 ,john ,m4 ,good5[1 ,edw>d ,k+1 
& ,timo?y ,walk]4 ,! b>1 ! in/itution1 &
 ! city h rec5tly su/a9$ a sev]e loss 9 
! decease ( ,mr4 ,k+4   ,,vi4 ,,b5evol5t
 ,,& ,,religi\s ,,societies4  ,to       
enum]ate & give p>ticul>s ( all ^!1 w\ld
 make a volume4 ,we c b b>ely call !    
att5tion ( ! read] to "s ( ! m prom95t  
organizations1 among/ ! diff]5t ,*ri/ian
 d5om9ations 9 ?is great ,valley1 = do+ 
good4  ,! ,=eign ,mission>y ,society ( !
 ,valley ( ! ,mississippi1 is a prom95t 
auxili>y ( ! ,am]ican ,bo>d (           
,commission]s = ,=eign ,missions4 ,its  
seat is ,c9c9nati1 b by ag5cies &       

bran*es1 x op]ates ?r\gh\t ! ,valley4 ,!
 ,report ( ,novemb]1 #ahce1 /ates t     
eighte5 ?\s& six hundr$ & fifty eight   
doll>s _h be5 receiv$ into ! treasury ! 
prec$+ ye>4 ,an edition ( #cjjj copies (
 ! ,mission>y ,h]ald is republi%$ 9     
,c9c9nati1 = circulation 9 ! ,we/4  ,!  
,we/]n ,education ,society1 connect$ ) !
 ,am]ican ,education ,society1 has also 
its seat ( op]ations at ,c9c9nati4      
,auxili>ies also exi/ 9 mo/ ( ! ,we/]n  
,/ates4 #ga b5efici>ies 7 "u its *>ge at
 ! la/ anniv]s>y4  ,! ,am]ican ,tract   
,society has auxili>ies & ag5cies 9 mo/ 
( ! ,we/]n ,/ates4 ,! op]ations ( !     
,am]ican ,bible ,society1 ?r\gh its     
num]\s auxili>ies1 is felt to ! remote/ 
p>ts ( ! ,we/4  ,! ,am]ican ,sunday     
,s*ool ,union has rec5tly e/abli%$ a    
c5tral ag5cy 9 ,c9c9nati1 & is prep>+ to
 r5ew1 & greatly enl>ge its v important 
ef=ts = ! b5efit ( ! ris+ g5]ation 9 !  
,we/4  ,a s]ies ( v int]e/+ anniv]s>ies 
are held 9 ,c9c9nati1 ! fir/ week 9     
,novemb]1 :5 all ! great objects (      

,*ri/ian ef=t receive a r5ew$ impulse4  
,! ,am]ican ,home ,mission>y ,society   
has m ?an #bjj mission>ies1 labor+ 9 !  
,/ates1 we/ ( ! m\nta9s4 ,9 #ahce1 !y   
assi/$ #bag ,presbyt]ian m9i/]s 9 ?is   
field4  ,! ,temp]ance ,ef=t has n be5   
neglect$1 & an int]e/+ *ange is go+     
=w>d1 9 a quiet & noiseless way1 9 !    
habits ( ! p1 9 ref]5ce to ! use (      
intoxicat+ liquors4 ,x is to be hop$ t m
 prompt & vigor\s ef=ts w be made to    
promote ?is cause1 b ev5 n[1 !re are _m 
?\s&s1 :o ab/a9 f ! use ( spirit\s      
liquors1 )\t any =mal pl$ge4  ,!        
,me?odi/ ,episcopal ,*ur*1 9 addition to
 _! regul> sy/em ( circuits1 are ext5d+ 
! influ5ce ( _! d5om9ation on !         
fronti]s1 by mission>y op]ations1 & _!  
labors are prosp]$4  ,! ,bapti/         
d5om9ation h made "s important movem5ts 
9 ! ,we/]n ,valley )9 ! la/ ?ree ye>s4  
,_! ,home ,mission ,society has ne>ly   
#ajj mission>ies 9 ! ,we/4 ,9 ,novemb]1 
#ahcc1 ! ,g5]al ,conv5tion ( ,we/]n     
,bapti/s1 0 organiz$ by m ?an #ajj      

m9i/]s & bre?r51 assembl$ f v>i\s p>ts (
 ! ,we/4 ,x is n an ecclesia/ical body1 
claim+ jurisdiction ei!r ov] *ur*es or  
m9i/]s1 nor is x /rictly a mission>y    
body4 ,its bus9ess1 accord+ to !        
con/itution1 is to promote by all lawful
 means1 ! foll[+ objects1 to            
wit3--,missions bo? =eign &             
dome/ic2--m9i/]ial education1 = su* z   
may h fir/ be5 lic5s$ by ! *ur*es2      
,sunday s*ools1 includ+ ,bible classes2 
religi\s p]iodicals2 tract & temp]ance  
societies1 z well z all o!rs w>rant$ by 
,*ri/ 9 ! gospel4  ,at its second       
session1 9 #ahcd1 ! ,we/]n ,bapti/      
,education ,society 0 =m$4 ,its object  
is ! education ( ^? :o give evid5ce to !
 *ur*es ( :i* !y are memb]s1 t ,god     
designs !m = ! m9i/ry4 ,! executive     
committee are *>g$ tempor>ily1 )        
e/abli%+ ! ,c5tral ,!ological ,sem9>y1  
already m5tion$1 at ,cov+ton1 ,ky4  ,_m 
o!r int]e/+ associations = humane1      
philan?ropic1 & religi\s purposes exi/ 9
 ! ,valley1 :i* are necess>ily omitt$4  

,,vii4 ,,! ,,p]iodical ,,press4  ,!     
numb] ( diff]5t p]iodicals publi%$ 9 !  
,valley ( ! ,mississippi1 mu/ exce$     
#djj1 ( :i* #ab or #ae are daily pap]s4 
,!re are #be weekly p]iodicals 9        
,mississippi1 #aaf 9 ,ohio1 #ch 9       
,indiana1 #ai 9 ,ill9ois1 #ag 9         
,miss\ri1 #c & probably m1 9 ,arkansas1 
#b at lea/ 9 ,wiscons9 ,t]ritory4 ,!    
,we/]n ,mon?ly ,magaz9e1 edit$ by ,james
 ,hall1 ,esq41 & publi%$ at ,c9c9nati is
 well kn[n4 ,! ,we/]n ,j\rnal ( !       
,m$ical & ,physical ,sci5ces1 edit$ by  
,daniel ,drake1 ,m4 ,d41 ,pr(essor (    
,!ory & ,practice ( ,m$ic9e 9 !         
,c9c9nati ,college1 is publi%$ qu>t]ly1 
9 ,c9c9nati4 ,!re are a numb] ( religi\s
 weekly1 semi-mon?ly1 & mon?ly          
p]iodicals1 devot$ to ! int]e/s ( !     
pr9cipal d5om9ations ?r\gh ! ,valley4   
,!re are kn[n to be at lea/ "o 9 ,we/]n 
,virg9ia1 #b 9 ,we/]n ,p5nsylvania1 #g 9
 ,ohio1 #d 9 ,k5tucky1 #d 9 ,t5nessee1  
#b 9 ,ill9ois1 #b 9 ,miss\ri1 & "o 9    
,new ,orleans4 ,suppos+ ! av]age numb] (

 copies ( ,we/]n p]iodicals equall$     
#gej1 ?is1 e/imat+ ! diff]5t p]iodicals 
at #djj1 w\ld give #cjj1jjj4 ,we see no 
m>k$ & ess5tial diff]5ce 9 ! tal5t1 )   
:i* ! editorial press is conduct$1      
betwixt ! ,ea/]n & ,we/]n ,/ates4 ,!    
limits ( ?is "w w n all[ me to add fur!r
 evid5ce t our ,we/]n population is n   
all illit]ate1 & t n m ?an "o p]son 9 t5
 c read1 ?an ! foll[+ epitome ( !       
issues1 ( "o ( ! publi%+ h\ses 9        
,c9c9nati1 z exhibit$ 9 ! ,c9c9nati     
,j\rnal3  ,we/]n ,ent]prise4--,!        
ent]prise ( ! ,we/ is n g5]ally         
appreciat$4 ,z a specim51 we h procur$ f
 ,messrs4 ,corey  ,web/] ! foll[+ ,,li/ 
,,( ,,books publi%$ by !m )9 ! la/ ?ree 
ye>s4 ,^! books1 ) ! exception ( ! ,life
 ( ,black-,hawk1 are ( /]l+ value4  ,!  
,we/]n ,prim]1 #fj1jjj2 ,web/]'s ,spell+
 ,book1 #fjj1jjj2 ! ,prim>y ,read]1     
#g1ejj2 ! ,elem5t>y ,read]1 #cg1jjj2    
,we/]n ,read]1 #af1jjj2 ,web/]'s ,hi/ory
 ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 #djjj2 ,miss        
,bee*]'s ,geography1 #ae1jjj2 ,pocket   

,te/am5t1 #f1ejj2 ,watts' & ,select     
,hymns1 #hjjj2 ,dr4 ,bee*]'s ,lectures  
on ,scepticism1 ?ree editions1 #ajjj    
ea*2 ,pr(4 ,/[e's ,introduction to !    
,/udy ( ! ,bible1 #aejj2 ! ,*ri/ian     
,lyre1 #bjjj2 ,mit*ell's ,*emi/ry1      
#ajjj2 ,eb]le on ! ,diseases ( ,*ildr51 
#bjjj2 ,ditto ,notes ( ,practice1 #aejj2
 ,"y ,lady's ,assi/ant 9 ,draw+1 #ajjj21
 ,munsell's ,map1 #c1ejj2 ,*ase's       
,/atutes ( ,ohio1 ?ree volumes1 #ajjj2  
,hammond's ,reports1 #f? vol4 #ejj2     
total1 sev5 hundr$ & sev5ty eight ?\s&  
two hundr$ & fifty666 ,probably "s ( !  
_m o!r publi%]s 9 ! city h got out ne>ly
 or q z _m books4 ,truly1 we are a      
book-mak+ & book-read+ nation4   ,,viii4
 ,,religi\s ,,d5om9ations4  ,9 exhibit+ 
! foll[+ /ati/ics1 entire correctness is
 n attempt$4 ,9 "s ( ! ,/ates1 ! late/  
reports h be5 _h1--9 o!rs1 ! au?or has  
tak5 data ( two or ?ree ye>s date4 ,( ! 
numb]s ( "s ( ! num]\s sects exi/+1 !   
op9ions ( individuals h be5 ! *ief data 
he c\ld obta94  #a4 ,bapti/s4           

----------------------------------------
--------------------                    
,*ur*es4  ,m9i/]s4  ,communicants4      
----------------------------------------
--------------------  ,we/]n            
,p5nsylvania1      #ej         #cj      
#b1efi  ,we/]n ,virg9ia1          #hi   
#dh          #c1cjf  ,ohio1             
#ccb        #age         #ac1ibf        
,mi*igan1                  #fj          
#cj          #a1gjj  ,indiana1          
#cbj        #age         #ae1jjj        
,ill9ois1                 #bdj          
#afc          #f1gda  ,miss\ri1         
#ahj        #aae          #f1iij        
,arkansas1                  #be         
#ah            #gjj  ,l\isiana1         
#bj         #ab          #a1jjj         
,mississippi1              #ajj         
#df          #d1jjj  ,nor? ,alabama1    
#abe         #ec          #e1gjj        
,t5nessee1                #cdh          
#bib         #bb1hfh  ,k5tucky1         
#eeh        #bif         #ch1hag        
,total1 #bddg *ur*es1 #acec m9i/]s1 &   

#abc1cag communicants4  ,p]iodicals4--,!
 ,cross & ,j\rnal1 weekly1 & ,bapti/    
,advocate1 mon?ly1 at ,c9c9nati2--!     
,bapti/ ,bann]1 weekly1 at ,%elbyville1 
,ky42--! ,bapti/1 a l>ge mon?ly qu>to1  
at ,na%ville1 ,t542--! ,pione]1         
semi-mon?ly1 at ,rock ,spr+1 b %ortly to
 be enl>g$1 remov$ to ,upp] ,alton1 &   
publi%$ weekly2--& ! ,witness1 a small  
qu>to1 publi%$ weekly at ,pittsburg4    
#b4 ,me?odi/s1 7,episcopal47 ,?is       
d5om9ation is divid$ into ,conf]5ces1   
:i* are n arrang$ exactly ) ! b\nd>ies (
 ! ,/ates4 ,a l>ge book & pr9t+-(fice is
 e/abli%$ at ,c9c9nati1 :]e all !       
society's publications are kept = sale4 
,ano!r depository is kept at ,na%ville4 
----------------------------------------
----------------------------            
,circuit  ,:ite                         
,color$4,indians4,total numb]           
,conf]5ces4           ,prea*]smemb]s4   
( memb]s4                         c4    
----------------------------------------
----------------------------            

,mississippi1                #ee        
#f1ceh   #b1fbb    #gbg      #i1gjg     
,alabama1 7"o ,di/rict1                 
9 ! ,valley17           #af    #c1jea   
#dib             #c1edc  ,pittsburg1    
#aef   #dj1aee     #bif                 
#dj1dea  ,ohio1                         
#bjd   #fb1fhf     #edd    #bag         
#fc1ddg  ,miss\ri1 7includ+             
,arkansas17                #eg    #g1idh
   #a1jfa    #hhi      #i1hih  ,k5tucky1
                  #ajj   #be1ggg        
#e1eib            #ca1cfi  ,ill9ois1    
#fa   #ae1jch      #ei                  
#ae1jig  ,indiana1                      
#gj   #bd1ihd     #bbi                  
#be1bac  ,hol/on1                    #fb
   #ba1eei   #b1dgh            #bd1jca  
,t5nessee1                 #abj         
#bi1gid   #e1jdc    #ejh     #ce1cde    
----------------------------------------
-----    ,total1                   #ija 
#bcg1cej  #ah1daf  #b1cda    #beh1aja   
,all[+ two local to "o circuit prea*]1  
:i* is r "u ?an ov] ! proportion1 w\ld  

make #ahjb1 :i*1 add$ to ! numb] ( ^? ^:
 names are on ! ,m9utes ( ! ,conf]5ces1 
w\ld make #bgjc ,me?odi/ ,episcopal     
m9i/]s ( ! gospel 9 ! ,valley ( !       
,mississippi4 ,! ,pittsburg ,conf]5ce   
,j\rnal1 ,we/]n ,*ri/ian ,advocate1 &   
,we/]n ,me?odi/1 are _! p]iodicals4  #c4
 ,me?odi/ ,prote/ants4--,!re are two    
conf]5ces ( ?is d5om9ation 9 ! ,we/1--! 
,pittsburg1 & ,ohio conf]5ces1 & _!     
circuits1 prea*+ /ations & memb]s ext5d 
?r\gh ! ,/ates nor? ( ! ,ohio riv]1 ) a 
few /ations & *ur*es s\?4  ,pittsburg   
,conf]5ce has #bh circuits1 & #he local 
prea*]s & lic5tiates1 #be circuits1 #d  
/ations1 & #b mission circuits1 ) #f1ijb
 memb]s 9 society4  ,ohio ,conf]5ce1 has
 #bh circuit1 #ij local prea*]s1 #bb    
circuits1 #c /ations1 #c mission>y      
circuits1 & #cffg memb]s4 ,! ,me?odi/   
,correspond5t1 a neat semi-mon?ly qu>to 
p]iodical1 publi%$ at ,zanesville1      
,ohio1 is devot$ to _! int]e/s4  #d4    
,presbyt]ians4--,! foll[+ table 7) !    
exception ( ,ill9ois7 is con/ruct$ f !  

returns to ! ,g5]al ,assembly 9         
#ahcd1--! ,m9utes ( #ahce1 we und]/&1 h 
n be5 pr9t$4                            
----------------------------------------
----------------  ,/ates & p>ts4        
,*ur*es4  ,m9i/]s4  ,communicants4      
----------------------------------------
----------------  ,w4 ,p5nsylvania      
& ,w4 ,va4          #bab         #ace   
#bb1fhg  ,mi*igan1              #cb     
#bj         #a1cig  ,ohio1              
#djj         #bee        #bg1hba        
,indiana1               #ii          #ee
         #d1cci  ,ill9ois1              
#ga          #ej         #b1jjj         
,miss\ri1              #cc          #bi 
#a1edi  ,arkansas1              #ab     
#i           #cij  ,k5tucky1            
#abj          #hc         #h1cgh        
,t5nessee1            #aba          #ij 
#i1ibf  ,nor? ,alabama1         #ae     
#ab           #gbe  ,mississippi1       
#cc          #bd           #gfa  ,total1
 #ef ,presbyt]ies1 #a1adh *ur*es1 #gec  
m9i/]s1 & #gi1igc communicants4         

,p]iodicals4--,! ,c9c9nati ,j\rnal &    
,we/]n ,lum9>y1 publi%$ at              
,c9c9nati2--,*ri/ian ,h]ald1 at         
,pittsburg2--,ohio ,obs]v]1 at ,hudson1 
,ohio2--,we/]n ,presbyt]ian ,h]ald1 at  
,l\isville1 ,ky42--,new ,orleans        
,obs]v]1 at ,new ,orleans2--& ,/4 ,l\is 
,obs]v]1 at ,/4 ,l\is1 ,mo41--all       
weekly2--& ! ,mission>y ,h]ald1         
republi%$ at ,c9c9nati1 mon?ly4  #e4    
,cumb]l& ,presbyt]ians4--,?is sect      
orig9at$ f ! ,presbyt]ian *ur* 9 #ahjd1 
9 ,k5tucky1 b did n increase mu* till   
#ahaj1 or #ab4 ,!y are spread ?r\gh mo/ 
( ! ,we/]n ,/ates1 & h #cd ,presbyt]ies1
 #g ,synods1 & "o ,g5]al ,assembly4 ,!  
,m9utes ( _! ,g5]al ,assembly1 n[ be=e  
me1 are n suffici5tly def9ite to give ! 
numb] ( congregations4 ,^! probably     
exce$ #cjj4 ,an intellig5t memb] ( t    
d5om9ation /ates ! numb] ( orda9$       
prea*]s to be #cjj1 lic5tiates1 #ajj1   
c&idates = ! m9i/ry1 #aej1 &            
communicants1 #ej1jjj4  ,p]iodicals4--,!
 ,cumb]l& ,presbyt]ian is a weekly pap]1

 publi%$ at ,na%ville1 ,t5n4 ,ano!r has 
be5 rec5tly />t$ at ,pittsburg4  #f4    
,congregationali/s4--,9 ,ohio1          
especially 9 ! nor!rn "p1 are a numb] ( 
,congregational *ur*es & "s m9i/]s1 z   
!re are 9 ,indiana1 ,mi*igan1 &         
,ill9ois4 ,!re are #b or #c m9i/]s1 #ab 
or #ae congregations1 & ab\t #ejj       
communicants 9 ,ill9ois1 :o are organiz$
 into an association 9 ,ill9ois4  #g4   
,prote/ant ,episcopal ,*ur*4--,?is      
d5om9ation has #g ,diocesses 9 ! ,we/]n 
or s\?-we/]n ,/ates1 exclusive ( ,we/]n 
,p5nsylvania1 & ,we/]n ,virg9ia1 :i*    
belong to ! ,diocesses ( ^? ,/ates4 ,!y 
are1                                    
,ohio1--,mi*igan1--,ill9ois1--,k5tucky1-
-,t5nessee1--,mississippi1 & ,indiana1 &
 ,miss\ri4 ,!re are ab\t #ge or #hj     
m9i/]s1 & twice z _m *ur*es 9 ! ,we/4   
,provision has be5 made 9 "p1 = !       
end[m5t ( ! !ological sem9>y at ,gambi]1
 ,o41 9 ,engl&1 & ,bi%op ,mc,ilvaine has
 obta9$ ab\t #ab1fjj1 to be appropriat$ 
9 ! erection ( a go?ic edifice to be    

call$ ,bexley ,hall1 ) ?ree /ories1 &   
accommodations = fifty /ud5ts4 ,a weekly
 p]iodical is issu$ at ! same place to  
support ! int]e/s ( ! d5om9ation4  #h4  
,g]man ,lu!rans4--,we h no data to give 
! /ati/ics ( ?is d5om9ation4 ,!re is a  
,synod 9 ,ohio1 ano!r 9 ,we/]n          
,p5nsylvania1 & p]haps o!rs4 ,!re are   
probably #ej or #fj m9i/]s 9 ! ,we/1 &  
#aej congregations4  #i4 ,g]man ,re=m$  
,*ur*4--,!re are #hj congregations 9    
,ohio1 #bj 9 ,indiana1 & probably #ej   
o!rs 9 ! ,we/1 ) #dj or #ej m9i/]s4     
#aj4 ,! ,tunk]s1 or ,dunk>ds1 h #dj or  
#ej *ur*es1 & ab\t half z _m m9i/]s 9 ! 
,we/]n ,/ates4  #aa4 ,! ,%ak]s h        
villages 9 sev]al places 9 ,ohio1 &     
,k5tucky1 b are los+ gr\nd4  #ab4 ,!    
,mormons h a l>ge community at ,kirkl&1 
,ohio1 :]e1 "u ! direction ( _! prophet1
 ,joseph ,smi?1 !y are build+ a va/     
temple4 ,!y h probably #bjj prea*]s1 & z
 _m congregations 9 ! ,we/1 & /ill make 
proselytes4  #ac4 ,*ri/ian ,sect1 or    
,newlights1 h become to a consid]able   

ext5t amalgamat$ ) ! ,re=m]s1 or        
,campbellites4 ,i h n data on :i* to    
con/ruct a tabul> view ( ?is sect1--b f 
g5]al in=mation1 e/imate ! numb] ( _!   
bi%ops1 & proclaim]s1 at #cjj1 & _!     
communicants at #aj1jjj or #ab1jjj4 ,!y 
h ?ree or f\r mon?ly p]iodicals4        
,alex&] ,campbell1 :o may be ju/ly      
consid]$ ! lead] ( ?is sect1 7?\gh !y   
disclaim ! t]m sect17 is a le>n$1       
tal5t$1 & volum9\s writ]4 ,he conducts  
_! lead+ p]iodical1 ! ,mill5nial ,h>b+]4
  #ad4 ,! ,unit$ ,bre?r5 9 ,*ri/1 are a 
pi\s1 moral & exempl>y sect1 *iefly 9   
,ohio1 b scatt]$ some:at 9 o!r ,we/]n   
,/ates4 ,!y are mo/ly ( ,g]man desc5t1 &
 9 _! doctr9al pr9ciples & usages1 v mu*
 resemble ! ,me?odi/s4 ,!y h ab\t #cjj  
m9i/]s 9 ! ,we/1 & publi% ! ,religi\s   
,telescope1 a l>ge weekly pap]1 (       
evangelical pr9ciples1 & well conduct$4 
,x is pr9t$ at ,circleville1 ,ohio4     
#ae4 ,re=m$ ,presbyt]ians1 or           
,cov5ant]s1 h #bj or #cj *ur*es1 & z _m 
m9i/]s1 b are mu* disp]s$ ?r\gh !       

,nor!rn ,valley4  #af4 ,! ,associate    
,*ur*1 or ,sec$]s1 are m num]\s ?an !   
,cov5ant]s4  #ag4 ,! ,associate ,re=m$  
,*ur*4 ,! ,we/]n ,synod ( ?is body /ill 
exi/s z a sep>ate d5om9ation4 ,_!       
!ological s*ool1 at ,pittsburg1 has     
already be5 notic$4 ,i "k n _! numb]s1 b
 suppose !y exce$ consid]ably !         
,associate ,*ur*4  #ah4 ,! ,fri5ds or   
,quak]s1 h a numb] ( societies 9 ,we/]n 
,p5nsylvania1 ,ohio1 ,indiana1 c4  #ai4 
,! ,unit>ians h societies & m9i/]s at   
,pittsburg1 ,c9c9nati1 ,l\isville1 ,/4  
,l\is1 & probably 9 o!r places4  ,!re   
are _m o!r sects & fragm5ts 9 ! ,we/4 ,!
 ,valley ( ! ,mississippi1 l all new    
c\ntries1 is a wide & f]tile field = !  
propagation ( error1 z x is = ! display 
( tru?4   ,,ix4 ,,roman ,,ca?olics4  ,! 
numb] ( ,papal ,diocesses 9 ! ,valley1  
includ+ ! "o at ,mobile1 is sev51 ( ea* 
( :i* a v brief sket* w be giv51 comm5c+
 )1  #a4 ,detroit1 includ+ ,mi*igan & ! 
,nor?-,we/]n ,t]ritory1--#a bi%op1 )    
sub-(fic]s1 #ah prie/s1 & z _m *apels4  

,at ,detroit & vic9ity1 = #b or #c      
miles1 includ+ ! ,fr5*1 ,iri% & ,g]mans1
 ,roman ,ca?olic families make up "o    
?ird ( ! population2 probably #c1ejj1 ( 
all ages4 ,at ,ann ,arbor1 & 9 ! t[ns ( 
,web/]1 ,scio1 ,nor?field1 ,lima &      
,dext] are _m4 ,at & ne> ,b]t r& on !   
,/4 ,joseph's riv]1 adjo9+ ,indiana1 !y 
h a s*ool e/abli%$ & an ,indian mission4
 ,includ+ ! fur trad]s1 & ,indians1 !y  
may be e/imat$ at #aj1jjj 9 ?is         
,diocess4#ab  #b4 ,c9c9nati4--,a l>ge   
ca!dral has be5 built 9 ?is place1 & #ae
 or #ebj *apels 9 ! ,diocess4 ,t5 ye>s  
ago1 ! late bi%op ,f5wick c\ld n c\nt up
 #ejj4 ,! emigration ( =eign]s1 & !     
labor]s on ! ,ohio canals1 & n a little 
success 9 proselyt+1 acc\nt = !         
increase4 ,!re are #be congregations1 & 
#ah prie/s4 ,a lit]>y in/itution1 call$ 
! ,a!naeum1 is e/abli%$ at ,c9c9nati1   
:]e ! /ud5ts are requir$ to att5d ! =ms 
( wor%ip1 & ! ,sup]ior inspects all _!  
lett]s4 ,/4 ,pet]'s ,orphan ,asylum is  
"u *>ge ( #d ,si/]s ( ,*>ity4 ,! numb] (

 ,ca?olics 9 ,c9c9nati is v>i\sly       
e/imat$1 ! m$ium ( :i* is #fjjj1 & z _m 
m disp]s$ ?r\gh ! ,/ate4  #c4           
,b>d/[n4--,?is includes ! ,/ate (       
,k5tucky1 & has a bi%op1 ) ! usual      
subord9ates1 #bg congregations1 & #cc   
prie/s1 #aa ( :om reside at ,b>d/[n4 ,a 
conv5t ( #f ,jesuit prie/s at ,lebanon2 
ano!r ( #e ,dom9icans1 call$ ,/4 ,rose1 
9 ,wa%+ton c\nty2 ! college at ,b>d/[n1 
already notic$1 & ,/4 ,m>y's ,sem9>y 9  
,wa%+ton c\nty1 = ! education ( prie/s4 
,( female in/itutions1 !re are ! ,female
 ,academy ( ,naz>e? at ,b>d/[n1 conduct$
 by ! ,si/]s ( ,*>ity1 & sup]9t5d$ by ! 
bi%op & pr(essors ( ,/4 ,joseph's       
college1--#aej pupils2 ! female academy 
( ,loretto1 ,wa%+ton c\nty1 )           
accommodation = #ajj bo>d]s1 & direct$  
by ! ,si/]s ( ,m>y at ! foot ( ! cross4 
,?is ord] h six o!r places = c\ntry     
s*ools1 & are said to be #ace 9 numb]4  
,! ,conv5t ( ,holy ,m>y1 & ! ,mona/]y ( 
,/4 ,magdal5e1 at ,/4 ,rose1 ,wa%+ton   
c\nty1 by ,dom9ican nuns1 #ae 9 numb]1 &

 9 #ahca1 #cj pupils4 ,! ,ca?olics h a  
female academy at ,lex+ton ) #ajj       
pupils4  ,i h no data to %[ ! ,roman    
,ca?olic population ( ?is ,/ate1 b x is 
by no means proportionate to ! =midable 
ma*9]y "h exhibit$4 ,all ?is array (    
colleges1 sem9>ies1 mona/]ies1 conv5ts &
 nunn]ies is = ! "w ( proselyt+1 & if !y
 are n successful1 x only %[s t ! curr5t
 ( popul> s5tim5t sets /rongly 9 ano!r  
direction4  #d4 ,v9c5nes4--,?is is a new
 ,diocess1 rec5tly c>v$ out ( ,indiana &
 ,ill9ois by ! au?ority ( an old        
g5tleman1 :o lives 9 ! city ( ,rome6 ,x 
includes a doz5 *apels1 #d or #e prie/s1
 ! ,/4 ,claire conv5t at ,v9c5nes1 )    
sev]al o!r app5dages4 ,! ,roman ,ca?olic
 population ( ?is ,/ate is n num]\s1    
probably n exce$+ #cjjj4 ,ill9ois has   
ab\t #ejjj1 a "p ( :i* is "u !          
jurisdiction ( ,/4 ,l\is ,diocess4 ,9   
,ill9ois !re are #aj *ur*es1 & #f       
prie/s1 a "p ( :i* are includ$ 9 !      
,diocess ( ,indiana4 ,a conv5t ( nuns ( 
! ,visitation ( ! ,bless$ ,virg9 ,m>y1  

at ,kaskaskia1 :o conduct a female      
s*ool1 ) a few bo>d]s & ab\t #cj or #dj 
day s*ol>s4  #e4 ,/4 ,l\is4--,?is       
,diocess includes #ah congregations &   
#ai prie/s1 ) ! foll[+ app5dages3  #a4  
,/4 ,l\is ,univ]sity1 already notic$1 ) 
#f prie/s = in/ructors1 & #aej /ud5ts1 (
 :i*1 ab\t #hj are bo>d]s4 ,! rules     
require _! att5dance on morn+ & ev5+    
pray]s1 ! cate*ism1 & div9e s]vice on   
,sundays & holidays4 #b4 ,/4 ,m>y's     
,college1 also notic$ 9 our description 
( colleges4 #c4 ,noviciate = ,jesuits "u
 ,/4 ,/anislaus1 9 ,/4 ,l\is c\nty4 ,(  
female in/itutions !re are1--#a4 ,conv5t
 ( ! ,ladies ( ! ,sacr$ ,he>t1 at ,/4   
,l\is2 #b4 ano!r ( ! same description1 &
 _! noviciate1 at ,florrissant2--#c4    
ano!r ( ! same ord] at ,/4 ,*>les2--#d4 
a female academy at ,c>ondalet1 six     
miles bel[ ,/4 ,l\is1 by ! ,si/]s (     
,*>ity2--#e4 a conv5t & academy ( !     
,si/]s ( ,loretto1 at ,new ,madrid2--#f4
 a conv5t & female academy at           
,fr$]ick/[n1 "u sup]vision ( a          

prie/2--#g4 a conv5t & female academy ( 
! ,si/]s ( ,loretto1 9 ,p]ry c\nty4 ,!  
,roman ,ca?olic population 9 ,miss\ri   
does n exce$ #ae1jjj4 ,_! pupils1 ( bo? 
sexes1 may be e/imat$ at #gjj4 ,to !    
above may be add$ ! hospital1 & ! asylum
 = boys1 9 ,/4 ,l\is1 "u ! managem5t ( !
 ,si/]s ( ,*>ity4  ,roman ,ca?olic      
tea*]s1 usually =eign]s1 disp]se        
!mselves ?r\gh ! c\ntry1 & engage 9     
tea*+ prim>y s*ools2 avail+ !mselves (  
int]c\rse ) ! families ( _! employ]s to 
in/ruct !m 9 ! dogmas ( _! religion4 ,! 
greate/ success t has att5d$ ! ef=ts ( !
 prie/s 9 conv]t+ o!rs1 has be5 dur+ !  
preval5ce ( ! *ol]a1 & especially aft]  
collapse & ins5sibility _h seiz$ !      
p]son6 ,we "k ( m ?an #fj ,roman        
,ca?olics :o h be5 conv]t$ to ! fai? (  
,*ri/ & jo9$ ,*ri/ian *ur*es )9 #c or #d
 ye>s pa/1 9 ?is ,/ate4  #f4 ,new       
,orleans4--,! ,roman ,ca?olics 9        
,l\isiana are num]\s1 probably includ+  
"o ?ird ( ! population4 ,relatively1    
,prote/ants are increas+1 z a l>ge      

proportion ( ! emigration f ! o!r       
,/ates1 :o c>e any ?+ ab\t religion1 are
 ,prote/ants4 ,!re are #bf              
congregations1 & #bg prie/s ) sev]al    
conv5ts1 female sem9>ies1 asylums1 c4   
#g4 ,mobile4--,a spl5did ca!dral has be5
 comm5c$ "h4 ,?is ,diocess ext5ds into  
,florida4  ,,footnotes3  #ab ,! read] w 
note t our e/imates ( ,roman ,ca?olics  
include ! :ole family ( e age4 ,:]eas1  
our /ati/ics ( ,prote/ant d5om9ations   
includ$ only communicants4     ,,*apt]  
,,xv4  ,sugge/ions to                   
,emigrants--,canal1 ,/eamboat & ,/age   
,r\tes--,o!r ,modes (                   
,travel--,exp5ses--,roads1 ,di/ances1 c4
 c4   ,9 ! conclud+ *apt] to ?is        
,,guide1 x is propos$ to give su*       
in=mation z is always desirable to      
emigrants ^u remov+1 or travell+ = any  
purpose1 to ! ,we/4  #a4 ,p]sons 9      
mod]ate circum/ances1 or :o w\ld save "t
 & exp5se1 ne$ n make a visit to ! ,we/1
 to asc]ta9 p>ticul>s previ\s to        
removal4 ,a few g5]al facts1 easily     

collect$ f a hundr$ s\rces1 w enable    
p]sons to decide ! great "q :e!r !y w   
emigrate to ! ,valley4 ,by ! same means1
 emigrants may det]m9e to :at ,/ate1 &  
to :at "p ( t ,/ate1 _! c\rse %all be   
direct$4 ,!re are _m ?+s t a p]son (    
pla91 common s5se w take = grant$ )\t   
inquiry1--su* z facilities = obta9+ all 
! necess>ies ( life2 ! read9ess ) :i*   
prop]ty ( any description may be obta9$ 
= a fair value1 & especially f>ms & wild
 l&2 t !y c live :]e hundr$s ( ?\s&s (  
o!rs ( simil> habits & feel+s live2 &   
above all1 !y %\ld take x = grant$1 t   
!re are difficulties to be enc\nt]$ 9 e 
c\ntry1 & 9 all bus9ess1--t ^!          
difficulties c be surm\nt$ ) reasonable 
ef=t1 pati5ce & p]sev]ance1 & t 9 e     
c\ntry1 p sick5 & die4  #b4 ,hav+ decid$
 to :at ,/ate & "p ( ! ,/ate an emigrant
 w remove1 let him !n conclude to take z
 little furniture & o!r luggage z he c d
 )1 especially if he comes by public    
conveyances4 ,^? :o reside )9 conv5i5t  
di/ance ( a sea port1 w\ld f9d x bo?    

safe & economical to %ip by ,new        
,orleans1 9 boxes1 su* articles z are n 
want$ on ! road1 especially if !y /e] = 
! navigable wat]s ( ! ,mississippi4 ,b$ 
& o!r clo?+1 books1 c41 pack$ 9 boxes1 l
 m]*ants' goods1 w g mu* saf] & *eap] by
 ,new ,orleans1 ?an by any ( ! inl&     
r\tes4 ,i h receiv$ m ?an "o hundr$     
packages & boxes1 f ea/]n ports1 by t   
r\te1 )9 #bj ye>s1 & nev] lo/ "o4 ,boxes
 %\ld be m>k$ to ! own] or 8 ag5t at !  
riv] port :]e de/9$1 & to ! *>ge ( "s   
=w>d+ h\se 9 ,new ,orleans4 ,! freight &
 *>ges may be paid :5 ! boxes are       
receiv$4  #c4 ,if a p]son designs to    
remove to ! nor? "p ( ,ohio1 & ,indiana1
 to ,*icago & vic9ity1 or to ,mi*igan1  
or ,gre5bay1 8 c\rse w\ld be by ! ,new  
,york canal1 & ! lakes4 ,! foll[+ table1
 %[+ ! "t ( ! op5+ ( ! canal at ,albany 
& ,buffalo1 & ! op5+ ( ! lake1 f #ahbg  
to #ahce1 is f a report ( a committee at
 ,buffalo to ! common c\ncil ( t city4  
,x w be ( use to ^? :o wi% to take !    
nor!rn r\te 9 ! spr+4                   

----------------------------------------
-----------------         ,canal op5$ at
  ,canal op5$ at  ,lake ,erie op5$      
,ye>4    ,buffalo4          ,albany4    
at ,buffalo4                            
----------------------------------------
-----------------  #ahbg     ,april  #ba
        ,april  #ba        ,april  #ba  
#ahbh            #a               #a    
#a  #ahbi           #be              #bi
        ,may    #aj  #ahcj           #ae
              #bj        ,april   #f    
#ahca           #af              #af    
,may     #h  #ahcb           #ah        
#be        ,april  #bg  #ahcc           
#bb              #bb              #bc   
#ahcd           #af              #ag    
#f  #ahce           #ae              #ae
        ,may     #h  ,! same r\te w c>ry
 emigrants to ,clevel& & by ! ,ohio     
canal to ,columbus1 or to ! ,ohio riv]  
at ,portsm\?1 f :5ce by /eamboat1 direct
 communications w (f] to any riv] port 9
 ! ,we/]n ,/ates4 ,f ,buffalo1 /eamboats
 run con/antly1 7:5 ! lake is op517 to  

,detroit1 /opp+ at ,erie1 ,a%tabula1    
,clevel&1 ,s&usky & _m o!r ports f :5ce 
/ages run to e prom95t t[n4             
,transportation wagons are employ$ 9    
=w>d+ goods4  ,,s*$ule ,,f ,,buffalo    
,,to ,,detroit ,,by ,,wat]4             
,miles4  ,dunkirk1 ,n4 ,y41             
#ci  ,portl&1                           
#ah-eg  ,erie1 ,pa41                    
#ce-ib  ,a%tabula1 ,ohio1               
#ci-aca  ,fairport1                     
#cb-afc  ,clevel&1 ,ohio1               
#cj-aic  ,s&usky1                       
#ed-bdg  ,amh]/burg1 ,n4 ,c4            
#eb-bii  ,detroit1 ,mi*41               
#ah-cag   ,f !nce to ,*icago1 ,ill9ois4 
,miles4  ,/4 ,clair ,riv]1 ,mi*igan1    
#dj  ,palm]1                            
#ag-eg  ,=t ,gratiot1                   
#ad-ga  ,:ite ,rock1                    
#dj-aaa  ,?und] ,isl&1                  
#gj-aha  ,middle ,isl&1                 
#be-bjf  ,presque ,isle1                
#fe-bga  ,mack9aw1                      
#eh-cbi  ,isle ,brule1                  

#ge-djd  ,=t ,h[>d1 ,w4 ,t]ritory1      
#ajj-ejd  ,milwaukee1 ,w4 ,t4           
#caj-had  ,*icago1 ,ill41               
#ij-ijd   ,f ,clevel& to ,portsm\?1 via4
 ,ohio canal4                           
,miles4  ,cuyahoga ,aqu$uct1            
#bb  ,old ,portage1                     
#ab-cd  ,akron1                         
#d-ch  ,new ,portage1                   
#e-dc  ,cl9ton1                         
#aa-ed  ,massillon1                     
#aa-fe  ,be?lehem1                      
#f-ga  ,boliv>1                         
#h-gi  ,zo>1                            
#c-hb  ,dov]1                           
#g-hi  ,new ,philadelphia1              
#d-ic  ,new-,com]s' ,t[n1               
#bb-aae  ,co%octon1                     
#ag-acb  ,irville1                      
#bf-aeh  ,new>k1                        
#ac-aga  ,hebron1                       
#aj-aha  ,lick+ ,summit1                
#e-ahf  ,lanca/] ,canaan1               
#aa-aig  ,columbus1 side cut1           
#ah-bae  ,bloomfield1                   

#h-bbc  ,circleville1                   
#i-bcb  ,*illico!1                      
#bc-bee  ,piketon1                      
#be-bhj  ,lucasville1                   
#ad-bid  ,portsm\?1 7,ohio riv]17       
#ac-cjg  ,! mo/ exp$iti\s1 pleasant &   
direct r\te = travell]s to ! s\!rn p>ts 
( ,ohio & ,indiana2 to ! ,ill9ois riv]1 
z f> nor? z ,peoria2 to ! ,upp]         
,mississippi1 z ,qu9cy1 ,rock ,isl&1    
,gal5a & ,prairie du ,*i52 to ,miss\ri2 
& to ,k5tucky1 ,t5nessee1 ,arkansas1    
,nat*es & ,new ,orleans is "o ( ! s\!rn 
r\tes4 ,!re are1 #a/1 f ,philadelphia to
 ,pittsburg by rail-roads & !           
,p5nsylvania canal2 #bnd1 by            
,baltimore1--! ,baltimore & ,ohio       
rail-road1--& /ages to ,:eel+2 or1      
#c;dly1 = p liv+ to ! s\? ( ,wa%+ton1 by
 /age1 via ,*>lottesville1 ,va41        
,/aunton1 ! hot1 w>m1 & :ite sulphur    
spr+s1 ,lewisburg1 ,*>le/[n1 to         
,guy&otte1 f :5ce a regul> l9e (        
/eamboats run #c times a week to        
,c9c9nati4 ,int]m$iate r\tes f ,wa%+ton 

city to ,:eel+2 or to ,h>p]'s f]ry1 to  
,fr$]icksburg1 & int]sect ! r\te ?r\gh  
,virg9ia at ,*>lottesville4   ,f        
,philadelphia to ,pittsburg1 via        
rail-road  & canal4                     
,miles4  ,columbia on ! ,susquehanna    
riv] by    rail-road1 daily1            
#ha  ,by canal packets to    ,ba9bridge1
                    #aa-ib  ,middlet[n1 
#ag-aji  ,h>risburg1                    
#aj-aai  ,juniata riv]1                 
#ae-acd  ,mill]/[n1                     
#ag-aea  ,miffl91                       
#ag-afh  ,lewi/[n1                      
#ac-aga  ,waynesburg1                   
#ad-aie  ,hamiltonville1                
#aa-bjf  ,hunt+don1                     
#g-bac  ,pet]sburg1                     
#h-bba  ,alex&ria1                      
#bc-bdd  ,frank/[n &    ,hollidaysburgh1
                 #c-bdg  ,f !nce by     
rail-road across    ! m\nta9 to         
,john/[n is                   #ch-bhe   
,by canal to ,blairsville1              
#ce-cbj  ,saltzburg1                    

#ah-cch  ,w>r51                         
#ab-cej  ,alleghany riv]1               
#af-cff  ,,pittsburg1                   
#bh-cid  ,! ,pione] l9e on ?is r\te is  
exclusively = pass5g]s1 & pr(esses to   
rea* ,pittsburg 9 f\r days--b is        
sometimes beh9d sev]al h\rs4 ,f>e ?r\gh1
 #aj4 ,pass5g]s pay = meals4  ,lee*'s   
l9e1 call$ ! ,we/]n ,transportation l9e1
 takes bo? freight & pass5g]s4 ,! packet
 boats adv]tise to g ?r\gh to ,pittsburg
 9 five days = #g4  ,mid%ip & /e]age    
pass5g]s 9 ! transportation l9e 9 six & 
a half days2 m]*&ize deliv]$ 9 #h days4 
,g5]ally1 h[ev]1 !re is "s delay4       
,emigrants mu/ n expect to c>ry m ?an a 
small trunk or two on ! packet l9es4 ,^?
 :o take goods or furniture1 & expect to
 keep ) x1 _h bett] take !              
transportation l9es ) m delay4 ,! price 
( meals on ! boats is ab\t #cg-a_/b     
c5ts4  ,on all ! /eamboats on ! ,we/]n  
wat]s1 no additional *>ge is made to    
cab9 pass5g]s = meals1--& ! tables are  
usually pr(usely suppli$4 ,/rict ord] is

 obs]v$1 & ! wait]s & (fic]s are        
att5tive4   ,/eamboat r\te f ,pittsburg 
to ! m\?  ( ,ohio4                      
,miles4  ,middlet[n1 ,pa4               
#aa  ,economy1                          
#h-ai  ,beav]1                          
#aj-bi  ,georget[n1                     
#ac-db  ,/eub5ville1 ,ohio1             
#bg-fi  ,wellsburgh1 ,va41              
#g-gf  ,w>r51 ,ohio1                    
#f-hb  ,:eel+1 ,va41                    
#aj-ib  ,elizabe?t[n1                   
#aa-ajc  ,si/]sville1                   
#cd-acg  ,newport1 ,ohio1               
#bg-afd  ,m>ietta1 ,ohio                
#ad-agh  ,p>k]sburgh1 ,va41             
#aa-ahi  ,belpre1 & ,bl5n]hassett's     
,isl'd1 ,o41                            
#d-aic  ,troy1 ,ohio1                   
#aj-bjc  ,belleville1 ,va41             
#g-baj  ,let>t's ,rapids1 ,va41         
#cg-bdg  ,po9t ,pleasant1               
#bg-bgd  ,gallipolis1 ,ohio1            
#d-bgh  ,guy&ot1 ,va41                  
#bg-cje  ,burl+ton1 ,ohio1              

#aj-cae  ,gre5sburg1 ,ky41              
#ai-ccd  ,concord1 ,ohio1               
#ab-cdf  ,portsm\?1 7,ohio1 canal17     
#g-cec  ,vanceburg1 ,ky41               
#bj-cgc  ,man*e/]1 ,ohio1               
#af-chi  ,maysville1 ,ky41              
#aa-djj  ,*>le/on1                      
#d-djd  ,ripley1 ,ohio1                 
#f-daj  ,augu/a1 ,ky41                  
#h-dah  ,neville1 ,ohio1                
#g-dbe  ,mosc[1                         
#g-dcb  ,po9t ,pleasant1 ,ohio          
#d-dcf  ,new ,ri*mond1                  
#g-ddc  ,columbia1                      
#ae-deh  ,fulton1                       
#f-dfd  ,,c9c9nati1 ,ohio               
#b-dff  ,nor? ,b5d1                     
#ae-dha  ,lawr5ceburgh1 ,ia41 & m\?    (
 ! ,miami1                       #h-dhi 
,aurora1 ,ia41                          
#b-dia  ,pet]sburg1 ,ky41               
#b-dic  ,bellevue1                      
#h-eja  ,ris+ ,sun1 ,ia41               
#b-ejc  ,fr$]icksburgh1 ,ky41           
#ah-eba  ,vevay1 ,ia41 & ,gh5t1 ,ky41   

#aa-ecb  ,port ,william1 ,ky41          
#h-edj  ,madison1 ,941                  
#ae-eee  ,new ,london1 ,941             
#ab-efg  ,be?lehem1                     
#h-ege  ,we/port1 ,ky41                 
#g-ehb  ,transylvania1 ,ky41            
#ae-eig  ,,l\isville1 ,ky41             
#ab-fji  ,%ipp+sport ?ro' ! canal1      
#b-a_/b-faa-a_/b  ,new ,albany1 ,941    
#a-a_/b-fac  ,salt ,riv]1 ,ky41         
#bc-fcf  ,nor?ampton1 ,ia41             
#ah-fed  ,leav5wor?1                    
#ag-fga  ,fr$onia1                      
#b-fgc  ,rome1 ,941                     
#cb-gje  ,troy1                         
#be-gcj  ,rockport1 ,941                
#af-gdf  ,ow5burgh1 ,ky41               
#ab-geh  ,evansville1 ,ia41             
#cf-gid  ,h5d]son1 ,ky41                
#ab-hjf  ,m\nt ,v]non1 ,ia41            
#bh-hcd  ,c>?age1 ,ky41                 
#ab-hdf  ,waba% ,riv]1 ,ky41            
#g-hec  ,%awneet[n1 ,ill41              
#aa-hfd  ,m\? ( ,sal9e1 ,ill41          
#ab-hgf  ,cave 9 ,rock1                 

#aj-hhf  ,golconda1                     
#ai-ije  ,smi?l&1 m\? ( !    ,cumb]l&   
,riv]1 ,ky41             #aj-iae        
,paducah1 m\? ( !    ,t5nessee ,riv]1   
,ky41              #ac-ibh  ,cal$onia1  
,ill41                     #ca-iei      
,tr9ity1 m\? ( ,ca% ,riv]1 ,ill41       
#aj-ifi  ,,m\? ,,( ,,! ,,ohio ,,riv]1   
#f-ige  ,p]sons :o wi% to visit         
,indianopolis w /op at ,madison1 ,ia41 &
 take ! /age conveyance4 ,f ,l\isville1 
via ,v9c5nes1 to ,/4 ,l\is by /age1 e   
alt]nate day1 #bgc miles1 ?r\gh 9 ?ree  
days & half4 ,f>e #ag4 ,/ages run f     
,v9c5nes to ,t]re ,haute & o!r t[ns up !
 ,waba% riv]4 ,at ,evansville1 ,ia41    
/age l9es are connect$ ) ,v9c5nes &     
,t]re ,haute2 & at ,%awneet[n twice a   
week to ,c>lyle1 ,ill41 :]e x int]sects 
! l9e f ,l\isville to ,/4 ,l\is4 ,f     
,l\isville to ,na%ville by /eamboats1   
pass5g]s l& at ,smi?l& at ! m\? (       
,cumb]l& riv]1 unless !y emb>k direct = 
,na%ville4  ,9 ! w9t] bo? /age &        
/eamboat l9es are unc]ta9 & irregul>4   

,ice 9 ! riv]s frequ5tly ob/ructs       
navigation1 & high wat]s & bad roads    
sometimes prev5t /ages f runn+ regul>ly4
  ,f>m]s :o remove to ! ,we/ f ! ,nor!rn
 & ,middle ,/ates1 w f9d x advantage\s 9
 _m in/ances to remove ) _! own teams & 
wagons4 ,^! !y w ne$ on _! arrival4     
,autumn1 or f ,septemb] till ,novemb]1  
is ! favorable season = ?is mode (      
emigration4 ,! roads are !n 9 good ord]1
 ! wea!r usually favorable1 & fe$ pl5ty4
 ,p ( all classes f ! ,/ates s\? ( !    
,ohio riv]1 remove ) l>ge wagons1 c>ry &
 cook _! own provisions1 pur*ase _! fe$ 
by ! bu%el1 & inv>iably encamp out at   
night4  ,individuals :o wi% to travel   
?r\gh ! int]ior ( ,mi*igan1 ,indiana1   
,ill9ois1 ,miss\ri1 c41 w f9d t ! mo/   
conv5i5t1 sure1 economical & indep5d5t  
mode is on horseback4 ,_! exp5ses w be f
 #ge c5ts to #a4ej p] day1 & !y c always
 consult _! own conv5i5ce & pleasure z  
to "t & place4  ,/age f>e is usually #f 
c5ts p] mile 9 ! ,we/4 ,meals at /age   
h\ses1 #cg-a_/b c5ts4  ,/eamboat f>e1   

includ+ meals4   ,f ,pittsburg to       
,c9c9nati1      #aj      ,c9c9nati to   
,l\isville1       #d      ,l\isville to 
,/4 ,l\is1       #ab  ,& frequ5tly !    
same f ,c9c9nati to ,/4 ,l\is2--v>y+ a  
little1 h[ev]4  ,a deck passage1 z x is 
call$1 may be rat$ z foll[s3   ,f       
,pittsburg to ,c9c9nati1      #c        
,c9c9nati to ,l\isville1      #a        
,l\isville to ,/4 ,l\is1       #d  ,!   
deck = su* pass5g]s is usually 9 !      
mid%ip1 =w>d ! eng9e1 & is protect$ f ! 
wea!r4 ,pass5g]s furni% _! own          
provisions & b$d+4 ,!y (t5 take _! meals
 at ! cab9 table1 ) ! boat h&s1 & pay   
#be c5ts a meal4 ,?\s&s pass up & d[n ! 
riv]s z deck pass5g]s1 especially       
emigrat+ families1 :o h _! b$d+1        
provisions1 & cook+ ut5sils on bo>d4  ,!
 :ole exp5se ( a s+le p]son f ,new ,york
 to ,/4 ,l\is1 via4 ,philadelphia &     
,pittsburg1 ) cab9 passage on ! riv]1 w 
range betwe5 #dj & #de4 ,"t f #ab to #ae
 days4  ,tak+ ! transportation l9es on !
 ,p5nsylvania canal1 & a deck passage on

 ! /eamboat1 & ! exp5ses w range betwe5 
#bj & #be1 suppos+ ! p]son buys 8 meals 
at #be c5ts1 & eats twice a day4 ,if he 
c>ry 8 own provisions1 ! passage1 c41 w 
be f #ae to #ah4  ,! foll[+ is f an     
adv]tisem5t ( ! ,we/]n ,transportation1 
or ,lee*'s ,l9e1 f ,philadelphia3       
,miles4    ,days4  ,f>e to ,pittsburg1  
#djj      #f-a_/b     #f4jj             
,c9c9nati1      #ijj      #h-a_/b       
#h4ej        ,l\isville1     #ajej      
#i-a_/b      #i4jj        ,na%ville1    
#afej     #ac-a_/b     #ac4jj        ,/4
 ,l\is1      #agej     #ad       #ac4jj 
,! above does n include meals4  ,packet 
,boats = ,cab9 ,pass5g]s1 same l9e4     
,miles4    ,days4  ,f>e to ,pittsburg1  
#djj      #e       #g        ,c9c9nati1 
#ijj      #h       #ag                  
,l\isville1     #ajej      #i       #ai 
,na%ville1      #afej     #ac       #bg 
,/4 ,l\is1      #agej     #ac       #bg 
,emigrants & travell]s w f9d x to _!    
int]e/ always to be a little sceptical  
relative to ! /atem5ts ( /age1 /eam &   

canal boat ag5ts1 to make "s all[ance 9 
_! own calculations = delays1           
difficulties & exp5ses1 & above all1 to 
feel p]fectly pati5t & 9 good humor )   
!mselves1 ! (fic]s1 company1 & ! _w1 ev5
 if !y d n move q z rapid1 & f>e q z    
well z !y desire4     ,,errata4   ,page 
#dj1 #h? l9e f ! bottom1 = ,tau-m>-wans1
 read     ,tau-m>-waus4  #da4 ,=        
,milwankee1 read ,milwaukee4     ,=     
,fonti1 read ,tonti4     ,,g\ld1        
,,k5dall  ,,l9coln1  ,,publi%]s1        
,,booksell]s1 ,,& ,,/ation]s1  #ei      
,wa%+ton ,/4 ,bo/on4   ,g4 ,k4  ,l4 keep
 a g5]al assortm5t ( ,books 9 ! v>i\s   
dep>tm5ts ( ,lit]ature1 ,sci5ce &       
,!ology4--,among ! _m valuable works :i*
 !y publi%1 are ! foll[+1 = ,,s*ools3   
,,wayl&',s ,,elem5ts ,,( ,,moral        
,,sci5ce4 ,abridg$ & adapt$ to ! ,use ( 
,s*ools & ,academies1 by ! ,au?or1      
,,francis ,,wayl&1 ,d4 ,d41 ,presid5t ( 
,br[n ,univ]sity1 & ,pr(essor ( ,moral  
,philosophy4      ,! publi%]s w\ld      
respectfully reque/ ! att5tion (        

,tea*]s & ,s*ool ,committees to ?is     
valuable "w2 x has     receiv$ !        
unqualifi$ approbation ( all :o h exam9$
     x2 & x is believ$ admirably        
calculat$ to ex]t a     :olesome        
influ5ce on ! m9ds ( ! "y4 ,su* an      
influ5ce z w be likely to lead !m to !  
=mation (     correct moral pr9ciples4  
,,roman ,,antiquities ,,& ,,anci5t      
,,my?ology4 ,by ,,*>les ,k4 ,,dillaway1 
,a4 ,m41 ,pr9cipal 9 ! ,bo/on ,public   
,lat9 ,s*ool4 ,illu/rat$ by elegant     
engrav+s4 ,?ird edition1 improv$4       
,?is "w is rapidly go+ into use all ov] 
our c\ntry2 x is     already introduc$  
into mo/ ( our ,high ,s*ools &          
,academies1     & _m ( our ,colleges2--a
 new & beautiful edition has j     be5  
publi%$4  ,,blake',s ,,natural          
,,philosophy1 ,new ,edition1 ,enl>g$4   
,be+ ,conv]sations on ,philosophy1 ) !  
addition ( ,explanatory ,notes1         
,que/ions = ,exam9ation1 & a ,diction>y 
( ,philosophical ,t]ms4 ,) tw5ty-eight  
/eel engrav+s4 ,by ,rev4 ,j4 ,l4        

,,blake1 ,a4 ,m4      ,p]haps no "w has 
contribut$ s mu* z ?is to excite a      
fondness = ! /udy ( ,natural ,philosophy
 9 y\?ful m9ds4     ,! famili>          
comp>isons ) :i* x ab\nds1 awak5        
int]e/1 & rivet ! att5tion ( ! pupil4 ,x
 is     introduc$1 ) great success into 
! ,public ,s*ools 9     ,bo/on4         
,,blake',s ,,fir/ ,,book ,,9 ,,a/ronomy4
  ,design$ = ! ,use ( ,common ,s*ools4  
,illu/rat$ by /eel plate engrav+s4 ,by  
,rev4 ,j4 ,l4 ,,blake1 ,a4 ,m4  ,,fir/  
,,lessons ,,9 ,,intellectual            
,,philosophy2 or1 a ,famili>            
,explanation ( ! ,nature & ,op]ations ( 
! ,human ,m9d4 ,second ,edition4 ,edit$ 
by ,rev4 ,,silas ,,blaisdale4 ,"o       
volume1 #abmo4 #cfj pages4  ,,"y        
,,ladies' ,,class ,,book4 ,a ,selection 
( ,lessons = ,read+1 9 ,prose & ,v]se4  
,by ,,eb5ez] ,,bailey1 ,a4 ,m41         
,pr9cipal ( ! ,"y ,ladies' ,high ,s*ool1
 ,bo/on4 ,?irte5? /]eotype edition4     
,9 ord] to give ?is "w a m ext5d$       
circulation2--not)/&+ its sale is n[    

great1--!     publi%]s h det]m9$ to     
,,r$uce ,,! ,,price1 9     ord] to      
remove e ob/acle 9 ! way ( its be+      
introduc$ into all our female s*ools    
?r\gh\t !     c\ntry4  ,,paley',s       
,,!ology4 ,eigh? ,edition1 illu/rat$ by 
,=ty ,plates1 & ,selections f ! ,notes (
 ,dr4 ,paxton1 ) additional ,notes1     
orig9al & select$1 = ?is ,edition1 ) a  
,vocabul>y ( ,sci5tific ,t]ms4 ,edit$ by
 an em95t ,physician ( ,bo/on4  ,,!     
,,class ,,book ,,( ,,natural ,,!ology2  
or1 ! ,te/imony ( ,nature to ! ,be+1    
,p]fections & ,gov]nm5t ( ,god4 ,by !   
,rev4 ,,h5ry ,,f]gus2 revis$1 enl>g$1 & 
adapt$ to ,paxton's ,illu/rations2 )    
,notes1 select$ & orig9al1 ,biographical
 ,notices1 & a ,vocabul>y ( ,sci5tific  
,t]ms4 ,by ,,*>les ,,h5ry ,,ald51 ,a4   
,m41 ,pr9cipal ( ! ,philadelphia ,high  
,s*ool = ,"y ,ladies4  ,,! ,,national   
,,ari?metic1 comb9+ ! ,analytic &       
,syn!tic ,me?ods1 9 :i* ! ,pr9ciples (  
,ari?metic are expla9$ 9 a p]spicu\s &  
famili> mann]2 conta9+ also1 practical  

sy/ems ( ,m5suration1 ,gaug+1 ,geometry1
 & ,book-,keep+1 =m+ a complete         
,m]cantile ,ari?metic1 design$ = ,s*ools
 & ,academies 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,by    
,,b5jam9 ,,gre5leaf1 ,a4 ,m41 ,preceptor
 ( ,brad=d ,academy4  ,,balbi',s        
,,geography4 ,an ,abridgm5t ( ,univ]sal 
,geography1 ,mod]n & ,anci5t1 *iefly    
compil$ f ! ,abrege de ,geographie (    
,,adrian ,,balbi4 ,by ,t4 ,g4 ,,brad=d2 
accompani$ by a spl5did ,atlas1 &       
illu/rat$ by engrav+s4      ,! above "w 
conta9s #ebj pages #abmo4 & is ! mo/    
copi\s     ,s*ool ,geography yet (f]$ to
 ! public1 & x is believ$     to be an  
important improvem5t1 especially = ! use
 ( !     high] s*ools & sem9>ies4 ,x has
 receiv$ ! sanction (     all ,tea*]s :o
 h exam9$ x1 & has be5 favorably        
notic$ 9 _m ( our public ,j\rnals4 ,!   
,atlas accompany+     ?is "w1 conta9s   
?irty-six maps & *>ts1--& is            
confid5tly recomm5d$ z sup]ior1 9 e     
respect1 to any     ?+ ( ! k9d n[ 9 use4
   ,religi\s ,works4  ,,! ,,complete    

,,works ,,( ,,! ,,rev4 ,,&rew ,,full]1 )
 a ,memoir ( 8 ,life4 ,by ,,&rew        
,,gunton ,,full]1 9 two volumes4 ,) a   
correct lik5ess4      ,?is valuable "w  
is n[ publi%$ 9 two l>ge octavo         
volumes1 on fair type & f9e pap]1 at a v
 l[ price4 ,!     co/ ( =m] editions    
7#ad7 preclud$ _m f possess+     x4 ,!  
publi%]s are gratifi$ 9 be+ able to (f] 
to !     ,*ri/ian public a "w s replete 
) doctr9al argum5ts &     practical     
religion1 at a price t e m9i/] &        
/ud5t may possess x4 ,no ,*ri/ian c read
 ,full]1 )\t     hav+ 8 impulses to     
action quick5$2 & e /ud5t     ought to  
/udy him1 if he wi%es to arm himself    
aga9/ e     enemy4  ,,campbell ,,&      
,,f5elon ,,on ,,eloqu5ce4 ,compris+     
,campbell's ,lectures on ,sy/ematic     
,!ology & ,pulpit ,eloqu5ce1 c4 ,edit$  
by ,pr(4 ,,ripley1 ( ,newton ,!ological 
,in/itution4  ,,morris',s ,,memoirs ,,( 
,,full]4 ,! ,life & ,"* ( ! ,rev4 ,&rew 
,full] ,edit$ by ,rev4 ,,rufus          
,,babcock1 ,jr41 ,presid5t ( ,wat]ville 

,college4  ,,female ,,scripture         
,,biography4 ,includ+ an ,essay on :at  
,*ri/ianity has done = ,wom54 ,by ,f4   
,a4 ,,cox1 ,d4 ,d41 ,,ll4 ,d41 (        
,london4 ,9 #b vols4      ,?is is a v   
int]e/+ "w1 & %\ld be 9 ! h&s (     e   
female pr(essor1 & 9 e ,*ur* & ,sabba?  
,s*ool     ,libr>y 9 ! l&4  ,,rema9s ,,(
 ,,rev4 ,,ri*>d ,,cecil1 ,m4 ,a4 ,to :i*
 is prefix$ a ,view ( 8 ,"*4 ,by        
,,josiah ,,pratt1 ,b4 ,d41 ,f4 ,a4 ,s4  
,,*ur* ,,memb]',s ,,guide4 ,by ,j4 ,a4  
,,james1 ,a4 ,m41 ,birm+ham1 ,engl&4    
,edit$ by ,j4 ,o4 ,,*\les1 ,a4 ,m41     
,pa/or ( ! ,fir/ ,bapti/ ,*ur* 9 ,new   
,b$=d1 ,mass4  ,,help ,,to ,,zion',s    
,,travell]s4 ,by ,rev4 ,,rob]t ,,hall4  
,) a ,preface by ,dr4 ,,ryl&4 ,edit$ by 
,rev4 ,j4 ,a4 ,,w>ne4  ,,! ,,travels ,,(
 ,,true ,,godl9ess4 ,by ! ,rev4 ,,b5jam9
 ,,kea*1 ,london4 ,& a ,memoir ( 8      
,life4 ,by ,,h[>d ,,malcom4 ,a4 ,m4     
,,aids ,,to ,,devotion2 9 ?ree p>ts4    
,includ+ ,watts' ,guide to ,pray]4 ,a v 
valuable & truly excell5t "w4           

,,beauties ,,( ,,colly]4 ,selections f  
,!ological ,lectures4 ,by ,rev4 ,w4 ,b4 
,,colly]1 ,d4 ,d41 ,f4 ,s4 ,a4          
,,baxt]',s ,,sa9t',s ,,re/4 ,by ,rev4   
,,ri*>d ,,baxt]4 ,abridg$ by ,b4        
,,fawcett1 ,a4 ,m4  ,,baxt]',s ,,call   
,,to ,,! ,,unconv]t$1 to :i* are add$   
sev]al valuable ,essays4 ,by ,,ri*>d    
,,baxt]4 ,) an ,introductory ,essay4 ,by
 ,,?omas ,,*alm]s1 ,d4 ,d4  ,,!         
,,*ri/ian ,,contemplat$2 9 a ,c\rse (   
,lectures deliv]$ 9 ,argyle ,*apel1     
,ba?1 ,engl&4 ,by ,,william ,,jay4      
,,memoirs ,,( ,,h[>d4 ,compil$ f 8      
,di>y1 8 ,confid5tial ,lett]s1 & o!r    
au!ntic ,docum5ts4 ,by ,,james ,b4      
,,br[n4 ,abridg$ by a ,g5tleman (       
,bo/on1 f ! ,london qu>to edition4  ,,! 
,,imitation ,,( ,,*ri/4 ,9 ,?ree ,books4
 ,by ,,?omas a ,,kempis4 ,) an          
,introductory ,essay1 by ,,?omas        
,,*alm]s1 ( ,glasg[4  ,,an ,,exam9ation 
,,( ,,pr(4 ,,/u>t ,,on ,,baptism4 ,by   
,,h5ry ,j4 ,,ripley1 ,pr(essor (        
,biblical ,lit]ature 9 ! ,newton        

,!ological ,in/itution4  ,,memoir ,,(   
,,rev4 ,,wm4 ,,/aughton1 ,d4 ,d4 ,by    
,rev4 ,w4 ,s4 ,,lynd1 ,a4,m41 (         
,c9c9nati1 ,ohio4 ,embelli%$ ) a        
,lik5ess4      ,! ?\s&s /ill liv+1 :o h 
li/5$ ) rapture to     ! messages (     
salvation t fl[$ f 8 lips2 ^?           
g5tlem51 :o h be5 tra9$ up by 8 h& =    
usefulness     9 society1 & especially  
^? ^: gifts 9 ! *ur* he     aid$ & *]i%$
 by 8 in/ructions1 z well z !           
,*ri/ian & lit]>y public1 w review 8    
life )     peculi> satisfaction4  ,,life
 ,,( ,,philip ,,melanc?on1 compris+ an  
acc\nt ( ! mo/ important transactions ( 
! ,,re=mation4 ,by ,f4 ,a4 ,,cox1 ,d4   
,d4 ,,ll4 ,d41 ( ,london4 ,f ! ,second  
,london edition1 ) important alt]ations1
 by ! ,au?or1 = ?is edition4  ,,memoir  
,,( ,,mrs4 ,,ann ,h4 ,,judson1 late     
,mission>y to ,burmah4 ,new & enl>g$    
edition ,includ+ a ,hi/ory ( ! ,am]ican 
,bapti/ ,mission 9 ! ,burman ,empire to 
! pres5t "t4 ,by ,,james ,d4 ,,kn[les4  
,embelli%$ ) engrav+s4   ,,new ,,&      

,,improv$ ,,edition1 ,,j ,,publi%$4     
,,memoir ,,( ,,george ,,dana ,,bo>dman1 
late ,mission>y to ,burmah1 conta9+ mu* 
intellig5ce relative to ! ,burman       
,mission4 ,by ,rev4 ,,alonzo ,,k+1 (    
,nor?bor\gh1 ,mass4 ,) a ,valuable      
,essay1 by a di/+ui%$ ,cl]gyman4      ,!
 rapid sale ( ! l>ge edition ( ?is "w   
fir/     publi%$1--! increas+ dem& =    
x1--& ! evid5t good     :i* its         
circulation has accompli%$1 h induc$ !  
publi%]s to be/[ mu* exp5se & labor ^u  
x1 9 ord]     to pres5t ! pres5t edition
 9 z complete & attractive a     =m z   
possible1 ) a view to giv+ x a /ill wid]
 &     m rapid circulation4      ,a     
valuable ,essay ( ?irty-five pages1     
writt5 at ! reque/     ( ! publi%]s has 
be5 add$2 & 9 addition to its hav+      
be5 h&somely /]eotyp$1 a correct lik5ess
 ( ,mr4     ,bo>dman1 tak5 on /eel1 f a 
pa9t+ 9 possession ( !     family1 & a  
beautiful vignette repres5t+ ! baptismal
     sc5e j be=e 8 dea?1 h also be5     
add$4                                   

----------------------------------------
-------------      ,transcrib]'s ,note3 
,inconsi/5t hyph5ation & spell+ 9 !     
orig9al docum5t h be5 pres]v$4          
,errata m5tion$ on ,page #cgd h be5     
correct$ 9 ! text4                      
,typographical errors correct$ 9 ! text3
                                        
,page vii  hut *ang$ to b               
,page   x  ,mit*el's *ang$ to ,mit*ell's
                 ,page  #be  /]il *ang$ 
to /]ile                       ,page    
#ca  ,wos-so%-e *ang$ to ,wos-so%-ee    
,page  #ce  *esnut *ang$ to *e/nut      
,page  #cf  p]simon *ang$ to p]simmon   
,page  #cf  paupau *ang$ to pawpaw      
,page  #cf  pecaun *ang$ to pecan       
,page  #ch  turkies *ang$ to turkeys    
,page  #dd  /]il *ang$ to /]ile         
,page  #dh  h>rass$ *ang$ to h>ass$     
,page  #fa  ,f>5heit *ang$ to ,fahr5heit
                 ,page  #gj  ,*e9 *anag$
 to ,*i5                         ,page  
#ge  occacasionally *ang$ to            
occasionally          ,page #ajj        

j\rnies *ang$ to j\rneys                
,page #aad  ,po9e] *a+$ to ,pione]      
,page #ace  ,sag9au *ang$ to ,sag9aw    
,page #acg  t]ritoriesr *ang$ to        
t]ritories             ,page #ach       
,*ilico! *ang$ to ,*illico!             
,page #ach  ,miu]al *ang$ to ,m9]al     
,page #aci  ,*ilico! *ang$ to ,*illico! 
,page #aef  ,pun*as *ang$ to ,puncahs   
,page #afb  ,fonti's *ang$ to ,tonti's  
,page #age  artizans *ang$ to artisans  
,page #bjg  x *ang$ to its              
,page #baa  ,consid]ble *ang$ to        
,consid]able             ,page #bbc     
,b[l+gre5 *ang$ to ,b[l+ ,gre5          
,page #bca  ,missis9ewa *ang$ to        
,missis9awa              ,page #bcg     
,missas9awa *ang$ to ,missis9awa        
,page #bfb  pecaun *ang$ to pecan       
,page #bgc  pecaun *ang$ to pecan       
,page #bgi  goph>s *ang$ to goph]s      
,page #bhj  goph> *ang$ to goph]        
,page #bij  ,mac\p9 *ang$ to ,mac\p5    
,page #cjd  attornies *ang$ to attorneys
                  ,page #ccg  ,lorra9   

*ang$ to ,lora9                         
,page #cci  circum/anses *ang$ to       
circum/ances          ,page #cfj        
accomodation *ang$ to accommodation     
,page #cfg  ,masillon *ang$ to          
,massillon                   ,page #cfh 
,*>lottsville *ang$ to ,*>lottesville   
,page #cfh  ,gui&otte *ang$ to ,guy&otte
                ,page #cfh  ,juniatta   
*ang$ to ,juniata                       
,page #cfh  ,holladaysburgh *ang$ to    
,hollidaysburgh        ,page #cgg       
,guag+ *ang$ to ,gaug+                  
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