file :i* includes ! orig9al illu/rations4 ,see #bgcdj-;h4htm or #bgcdj-;h4zip3 7https3_/_/www4gut5b]g4org_/dirs_/#b_/g_ /c_/d_/bgcdj_/bgcdj-;h_/#bgcdj-;h4htm7 or 7https3_/_/www4gut5b]g4org_/dirs_/#b_/g_ /c_/d_/bgcdj_/bgcdj-;h4zip7 ,,outdoor ,,sket*+ ,f\r ,talks ,giv5 be=e ! ,art ,in/itute ( ,*icago ,! ,scammon ,lectures1 #aiad by ,f4 ,,hopk9son ,,smi? ,) ,illu/rations by ! ,au?or ,illu/ration3 ,"p ( ! ,site ( ! ,m>%alsea ,jail1 ,london ,new ,york ,*>les ,scribn]'s ,sons ,copyright1 #aiae1 by ,*>les ,scribn]'s ,sons ,cont5ts ,page ,i4 ,composition #c ,,ii4 ,mass #ci ,,iii4 ,wat]-,colors #ge ,,iv4 ,*>coal #aai ,illu/rations ,"p ( ! ,site ( ! ,m>%alsea ,jail1 ,london ,frontispiece ,,fac+ ,,page ,"u ! ,will[s1 ,cookham-on-,?ames #hd ,! ,george & ,vulture ,inn1 ,london #acf ,diagram ( ,*>coal ,te*nic #adb ,,composition ,my *ief reason = conf9+ ^! f\r talks to ! outdoor sket* is because ,i h be5 an outdoor pa9t] s9ce ,i 0 sixte5 ye>s ( age2 h nev] 9 my :ole life pa9t$ :at is kn[n z a /udio picture evolv$ f memory or f my inn] consci\sness1 or f any "o ( my outdoor sket*es4 ,my pictures are begun & f9i%$ (t5 at "o sitt+1 nev] m ?an ?ree sitt+s2 & a :ite umbrella & a ?ree-legg$ /ool are ! sum ( my /udio appo9tm5ts4 ,ano!r reason is t1 outside ( ?is ability to pa9t rapidly out-(-doors1 ,i "k s little ( ! _m processes att5dant ^u ! art ( ! pa9t] t bo? my advice & my criticism w\ld be wor?less to ev5 ! y\nge/ ( ! pa9t]s to-day4 ,aga91 ,i "w only 9 two m$iums1 wat]-color & *>coal4 ,oil ,i h n t\*$ = _m ye>s1 & !n only = a %ort "t :5 a /ud5t "u ,swa9 ,gif=d 7& ?is1 ( c\rse1 _m1 _m ye>s ago71 :o taught me ! use & value ( ! opaque pigm5t1 :i* help$ me greatly 9 my own use ( opaque wat]-color 9 connection ) transp>5t color & :i* 0 my sole reason = seek+ ! help ( 8 ma/] h&4 ,a fur!r v5ture is to k9dle 9 y\r he>ts a great] love = & appreciation ( :at a sup]bly felt & exactly r5d]$ outdoor sket* /&s =--a great] respect = its vitality1 its life-sp>k2 ! way x brea!s back at y1 "u a t\* made unconsci\sly1 because y saw x1 record$ x1 & !n =got x--be/ ( all because y let x alone2 my f]v5t wi% be+ to transmit to y "s ( ! en?usiasm t has kept me "y all ^! ye>s ( my life2 some?+ ( ! joy ( ! close intimacy ,i h held ) nature--! intimacy ( two old fri5ds :o talk _! secrets ov] ea* ) ! o!r2 a joy unequall$ by any o!r 9 my life's exp]i5ce4 ,!re may be ^? :o g a-fi%+ & enjoy x4 ,! arrang+ & select+ ( flies1 ! jo9t+ ( rods1 ! prospective com=t 9 high wat]-boots1 ! creel ) ! lea!r /rap1 e crease 9 x a rem9d] ( "s day )\t c>e or fret--all ?is may br+ ! flu% to ! *eek & ! eag] k9dl+ ( ! eye1 & a c]ta9 sort ( re/ & happ9ess may come ) x2 b--!y h nev] gone a-sket*+6 ,haul$ up on ! wet bank 9 ! long grass is y\r boat1 ) ! fray$ end ( ! pa9t] ti$ ar\nd "s will[ t (f]s a help+ root4 ,)9 a /one's ?r[1 "u a great bran*+ ( gn>l$ trees1 is a nook :]e ! curi\s sun1 peep+ at y ?r\gh ! int]lac$ leaves1 w /5cil ,japanese %ad[s on y\r :ite umbrella4 ,!n ! trap is un/rapp$1 ! /ool op5$1 ! easel put up1 & y set y\r palette4 ,! critical eye ) :i* y look ov] y\r bru% case & ! c>e ) :i* y try ea* fea!r po9t ^u y\r ?umbnail are b an index ( y\r enjoym5t4 ,n[ y are ready4 ,y loos5 y\r cravat1 hang y\r coat to "s ru/ic peg 9 ! crevic$ b>k ( ! tree beh9d1 seize a bit ( *>coal f y\r bag1 sweep y\r eye ar\nd1 & da% 9 a few guid+ /rokes4 ,above is a *ang+ sky fill$ ) crisp :ite cl\ds2 beh9d y1 ! great trunks ( ! _m bran*$ will[s2 & away (f1 "u ! hot sun1 ! yell[-gre5 ( ! wa/$ pa/ure1 dott$ ) pat*es ( rock & we$s1 & hemm$ 9 by ! l[ hills t slope to ! curv+ /ream4 ,x is high noon6 ,!re is a /illness 9 ! air t impresses y1 brok5 only by ! l[ murmur ( ! brook beh9d & ! ceaseless song ( ! gras%opp] among ! we$s 9 front4 ,a tir$ bumblebee hums pa/1 rolls lazily ov] a clov] blossom at y\r feet1 & has 8 midday lun*4 ,"u ! maples ne> ! riv]'s b5d /& a gr\p ( horses1 _! heads t\*+4 ,9 ! brook bel[ are ! pati5t cattle1 ) pat*es ( sunlight gild+ & bronz+ _! backs & sides4 ,e n[ & !n a brea? ( cool air />ts out f "s %ad$ retreat1 plays ar\nd y\r =ehead1 & passes on4 ,all nature re/s4 ,x is h] noontime4 ,b y "w on3 an en?usiasm has tak5 possession ( y2 ! pa9ts mix too sl[ly2 y use y\r ?umb1 sme>+ & bl5d+ ) a bit ( rag--any?+ = ! effect4 ,"o mom5t y are glu$ to y\r seat1 y\r eyes rivet$ on y\r canvas2 ! next1 y are up & back+ away1 tak+ x 9 z a :ole1 !n p\nc+ d[n ^u x quickly1 belabor+ x ) y\r bru%4 ,soon ! trees take %ape2 ! sky =ms become def9ite2 ! mead[ lies flat & loses itself 9 ! fr+e ( will[s4 ,:5 all ( ?is beg9s to gr[ ^u y\r once blank canvas1 & "s lucky pat mat*es ! exact tone ( blue-gray haze or %imm] ( leaf1 or "s accid5tal bl5d+ ( color delights y ) its tru?1 a t+l+ goes d[n y\r backbone1 & a ru% surges ?r\gh y\r ve9s t /irs y z no?+ else 9 y\r :ole life w ev] d4 ,! reaction comes ! next day :51 9 ! cold light ( y\r /udio1 y see h[ f> %ort y h come & h[ crude & false is y\r be/ t\* comp>$ ) ! glory ( ! l&scape 9 y\r m9d & he>t4 ,b ! ?rill t x gave y w l+] =ev]6 ,or come ) me to ,con/ant9ople & let u /udy its palaces & mosques1 its m>vell\s /uffs1 its romantic hi/ory1 its religions--mo/ pr(\nd & impressive--its comm]ce1 indu/ries1 & cu/oms4 ,come to revel 9 color2 to sit = h\rs1 foll[+ ) rev]5t p5cil ! details ( an ar*itecture unrivall$ on ! globe2 to wat* ! sun scale ! hills ( ,scut>i & %att] its lances aga9/ ! fairy m9>ets ( ,/amb\l2 to cat* ! sw+ & pla% ( ! r[]s r\nd+ _! caiques by ! bridge ( ,galata2 to w&] ?r\gh baza> & m>ket1 dott+ d[n spla%es ( robe1 turban1 & sa%2 to re/ = h\rs 9 cool til$ mosques1 :i* 9 _! v decay are sublime2 to /udy a p ^: rags are symphonies ( color1 & ^: traditions & records brea! ! sweete/ poems ( mod]n times4 ,& !n1 :5 we h caught our brea?1 let u w&] into any "o ( ! patios along ! ,gold5 ,horn1 & fea/ our eyes on columns ( v]d-antique1 support+ ar*es light z ra9b[s1 fram+ ! patio ( ! ,pigeon ,mosque1 ! lovelie/ ( all ! patios ,i "k1 & let u run our eyes ar\nd t ,moori% squ>e4 ,! sun blazes d[n on gli/5+ m>bles2 gn>l$ old c$>s twi/ !mselves upw>d aga9/ ! sky2 flocks ( pigeons :irl & swoop & fall 9 %[]s on cornice1 ro(1 & dome2 tall m9>ets l %afts ( light %oot up into ! blue4 ,scatt]$ ov] ! unev5 pavem5t1 pat*$ ) /rips & squ>es ( %ad[s1 l\nge gr\ps ( prie/s 9 bewild]+ robes ( mauve1 corn-yell[1 :ite1 & sea-gre52 :ile back b5ea? ! cool ar*es bun*es ( natives li/lessly pursue _! sev]al avocations4 ,x is a sight t br+s ! blood ) a ru% to "o's *eek4 ,t sw>?y ,mussulman at 8 little squ>e table m5d+ seals2 t fell[ next him sell+ h]bs1 sprawl$ out on ! m>ble floor1 too lazy to crawl away f ! slant ( sun%9e slipp+ ?r\gh ! ragg$ awn+2 t "y ,turk 9 fray$ & soil$ embroid]$ jacket1 hold+ up /r+s ( beads to ! prie/s pass+ 9 & out--is n ?is ! ,ea/1 ! l& ( our dreams8 ,& ! old public scribe ) ! gray be>d & :ite turban1 writ+ lett]s1 ! motionless veil$ figures squatt+ ar\nd him--is he n ,baba ,mu/apha8 & ! s(t-ey$ girl :isp]+ into 8 e> none o!r ?an ,morgiana1 fair z ! m]idian sun8 ,s1 too1 9 my belov$ ,v5ice1 :]e _m ye>s ago ,i camp$ out by ! side ( a canal--! ,rio ,giuseppe--all ( x1 f ! r$ wall1 :]e ! sailors l&1 to ! lagoon1 :]e ! t[] ( ,ca/ello is ready to topple into ! sea4 ,n mu* ( a canal--n mu* ( a pa9t+ gr\nd1 really1 to ! ma/]s :o h gone be=e & are /ill at "w1 b a truly lovable1 lovely1 & mo/ en*ant+ possession to me _! humble disciple4 ,once y get into x y nev] want to get out1 & once out y are mis]able until y get back aga94 ,on "o bank /ret*es a r[ ( rook]ies--a maze ( hang+ clo!s1 fi%-nets1 balconies hood$ by awn+s & topp$ by nondescript *imneys ( all sizes & patt]ns1 ) "h & !re a dab ( v]milion & light r$1 ! :ole brilliant aga9/ a *9a-blue sky4 ,on ! o!r is ! long brick wall ( ! g>d5--soggy1 begrim$1 /reak$ ) moss & li*5 9 b&s ( black-gre5 & yell[ o*re1 ov] :i* mass & sway ! great sycamores t ,ziem lov$1 _! l[] bran*es int]wov5 ) c9nob> c$>s gleam+ 9 spots :]e ! pry+ sun drips gold4 ,only wide en\gh = a b>ca & two gondolas to pass--?is canal ( m9e2 only deep en\gh to let a w9e b>ge slip ?r\gh2 s n>r[ y mu/ g all ! way back to ! lagoon if y w\ld turn y\r gondola2 s %ort y c r[ ?r\gh x 9 five m9utes2 e in* ( its wat]-surface "p ( ev]y?+ ab\t x1 s cle> are ! reflections2 full ( moods1 :ims1 & fancies1 ?is wave space--"o mom5t 9 a broad laugh coquett+ ) a bit ( blue sky peep+ f beh9d a cl\d1 its *eeks dimpl$ ) sly und]curr5ts1 ! next swept by flurries ( little w9ds1 s(t z ! brea? ( a *ild on a mirror2 !n1 :5 ar\s$ by a pass+ boat1 break+ out into ribbons ( color--swirls ( twi/$ doorways1 flags1 awn+s1 fl[]-lad5 balconies1 black-%awl$ ,v5etian beauties all upside d[n1 int]wov5 ) /rips ( turquoise sky & gre5 wat]s--a bewild]+1 intoxicat+ jumble ( tatt]s & tangles1 madd5+ 9 detail1 brilliant 9 color1 h>moni\s 9 tone3 ! :ole sc9tillat+ ) a picturesqu5ess beyond ! k5 or bru% ( any pa9t] liv+ or dead4 ,^! are "s ( ! joys ( ! pa9t] ^: nor? light is ! sky1 ^: /udio door is nev] %ut1 & :o (t5 works surr\nd$ by envi\s ?rongs1 t treat him ) su* m>k$ rev]5ce t !y :isp] "o to ano!r = fe> ( di/urb+ him4 99 99 99 99 99 ,& n[ = a few practical h9ts born ( ^! exp]i5ces2 & 9 giv+ !m to y1 rememb] t no man is m ke5ly consci\s ( 8 limitations ?an ! speak]4 ,my own sy/em ( "w1 all ( :i* w be expla9$ to y 9 subsequ5t talks1 "o on wat]-color & ! o!r on *>coal1 is1 ,i am aw>e1 peculi>1 & has _m drawbacks & _m %ortcom+s4 ,i make bold to give ^! to y because ( my fifty ye>s' exp]i5ce 9 outdoor sket*+1 & because 9 s do+ ,i may enc\rage "s "o among y to beg9 :]e ,i h left (f & d bett]4 ,! requirem5ts are ?\ghtful & well-/udi$ selection be=e y\r bru% t\*es y\r canvas2 a correct k ( composition2 a def9ite grasp ( ! problem ( light & d>k1 or1 9 o!r words1 mass2 a free1 sure1 & untrammell$ rapidity ( execution2 &1 la/ & by no means lea/1 a realization ( :at ,i %all express 9 "o %ort compact s5t5ce1 t x takes two m5 to pa9t an outdoor picture3 "o to d ! "w & ! o!r to kill him :5 he has done en\gh4 99 99 99 99 99 ,be=e ent]+ on ! means & me?ods ?r\gh :i* s e>ly a dea? becomes p]missible ,i %all admit t ! p]sonal equation w l>gely ass]t itself1 & t because ( x c]ta9 all[ances mu/ be made1 or r c]ta9 v>iations 9 bo? grasp & treatm5t w necess>ily foll[4 ,:ile1 ( c\rse1 nature is always ! same1 nev] *ang+ & nev] subs]vi5t to ! :ims or p]ceptive p[]s ( ! individual1 !re are pa9t]s :o w av] t !y alone see h] correctly & t all ! _w t diff]s f !m is wrong4 ,"o man f natural defects may see all h] gre5s or r$s /rong] or weak] ?an ano!r 9 proportion to ! condition ( 8 eye4 ,ano!r may grasp only h] v>y+ degrees ( gray4 ,"o man unduly exagg]ates ! int5sity ( ! d>k & ! oppos+ brilliancy ( ! lights4 ,ano!r eye--= x is l>gely a "q ( optics1 ( optics & temp]am5t--sees only ! m g5tle & sometimes ! m subtle gradations ( light & %ade r$uc+ ev5 ! blaze ( ! noonday sun to half-tones4 ,/ill ano!r1 :e!r by ! fault ( ov]-magnify+ p[] or long-sight$ness1 detects an inf9ity ( detail 9 nature1 & is n satisfi$ until ea* p>ticul> blade ( grass /&s on end l ! quills ( ! traditional porcup9e1 :ile 8 bro!r bru% /r5u\sly ass]ts t e detail is really only a "q ( mass1 & %\ld be treat$ z su*1 & t = all practical purposes x is q immat]ial :e!r a tree c be di/+ui%$ f a f>m-h\se s long z x is fluffy en\gh to be indi/9ct4 ,^! defects1 sympa?ies1 t5d5cies1 :atev] "o may call !m1 only prove ! m conclusively t !re are _m v>y+ /&>ds set up by _m m9ds4 ,t :i* c easily be prov$ 9 addition is t _m a false /&>d owes its orig9 z (t5 to a "q ( bad dige/ion z ( bad ta/e4 ,!y also %[ u t no "o man or set ( m5 c rightfully lay claim to hold+ ! "o key :i* unlocks ! my/]ies ( nature1 :ile insi/+ t ! rules gov]n+ _! use ( t key mu/ be adh]$ to by ! re/ ( ! _w4 ,!re are1 h[ev]1 c]ta9 laws :i* control e pictur$ expression ( nature & to :i* e eye & h& mu/ submit if ev5 a semblance ( expression is to be s\ght =4 ,"o ( !m is tru?4 ,9 ?is all s*ools concur1 ea* "o dem&+ ! tru?1 or at lea/ en\gh ( x to placate _! consci5ces :5 !y add to x a suffici5t numb] ( lies ( _! own manufacture to make ! subject int]e/+ to _! special l9e ( con/itu5ts4 ,among ^! ,i d n class ! lunatics :o are to-day w&]+ loose outside ( *>itable asylums especially design$ = disord]$ & impair$ intellects1 & ^: fro?+s ,i saw at ! la/ ,autumn ,salon4 ,b to our text once m1 tak+ up ! fir/ requirem5t2 namely1 selection4 ,by selection ,i mean ! cutt+ out entire f ! great panorama spread out be=e y j t portion :i* appeals to y & :i* y want to h appeal to y\r fell[ m54 ,speak+ = myself1 ,i h always held t ! mo/ p]fect reproductions ( nature are ^? :i* c be select$ any day1 "u any condition ( light1 direct f ! sev]al objects !mselves1 )\t arrangem5t & =e-%ort5+s or twi/+s to ! "r & to ! left4 ,no?+1 9 fact1 seems to me s a/\nd+ z t any human m9d c\ld = an in/ant suppose t x c improve on ! "w ( ! ,almighty4 ,if x is a /reet1 & if y wi% to express its p]spective1 & ! bit ( blue sky beyond1 ) a bur/ ( sunlight illum9+ ! corn]1 ! figures cr[d$ aga9/ ! light1 =m+ a mass 9 !mselves1 & x int]e/s y at a glance1 sit d[n & /udy x long en\gh to f9d out :at feature ( ! l&scape impress$ y at fir/ sight4 ,if1 z y look1 ! fir/ impression becomes weak5$1 p]haps x is because ! imm$iate =egr\nd1 :i* at ! fir/ glance 0 cle>1 is n[ dott$ ) pass]s-by1 ?us obscur+ y\r po9t ( int]e/1 or a cl\d has pass$ ov] ! sky1 l[]+ ! :ole tone1 or ! gr\p ( figures across ! light has disp]s$1 expos+ ! ugly "r-angl$ triangle ( ! flat wall & /reet level in/ead ( ! same l9es be+ brok5 picturesquely ) ! black dots ( heads ( ! cr[d itself4 ,9 a mom5t x is no long] a composition ( ! same p[] t /ruck y at fir/4 ,p]haps :ile y sit & wait ! sc5e aga9 *anges1 & some?+ inf9itely m int]e/+1 or ! rev]se1 is evolv$ f ! p]spective be=e y4 ,& s x goes on1 until ?is con/antly *ang+ kaleidoscope repeats itself 9 its fir/ aspect1 until y h fairly grasp$ its mean+ & analyz$ its compon5t p>ts4 ,or until ei!r ! effect t fir/ delight$ y1 or ! subsequ5t effect t *>m$ y /ill m1 becomes a fix$ fact 9 y\r m9d4 ,t1 !n1 is ! picture t y want to pa9t & t y are to pa9t exactly z y saw x4 ,& if y c reproduce x exactly z y did see x1 t5 *ances to "o x w impress y\r fell[ m54 ,! tr\ble is t :5 y sit d[n to pa9t x y are s (t5 lo/ 9 its detail t y =get its sali5t features1 & by ! "t y h f9i%$ & block$ up ! imm$iate =egr\nd ) figures t did n exi/ :5 y 7 fir/ ?rill$ by its beauty1 y h ei!r pa9t$ its lea/ int]e/+ aspect1 or y h fill$ t /reet s full ( lies ( y\r own t ! policeman on ! beat c\ld n recognize x4 ,( c\rse1 :ile all nature is int]e/+1 !re are p>ts ( nature m int]e/+ ?an o!r p>ts1 & s9ce ! skill ( man is inadequate to produce its m humble effects1 if ,i may s express x1 ! pa9t] %\ld be on ! look\t = h] dramatic air1 9 ord] t :5 %e is reproduc$ %e may add t t\* to h] _m qualities1 ?us meet+ ! pa9t] half-way4 ,ev5 9 ! p]spective ( a /reet1 nature1 9 pr(\nd consid]ation ( ! devotee "u 8 umbrella1 (t5 gives him a deep] t\*--"o wall p]haps 9 sudd5 brilliant light1 :ile ! vi/a ( ! /reet is 9 gloom made by a pass+ cl\d1 %e con/antly call+ out to ! pa9t] z he works3 ,wat* me n[ & take me at my be/4 ,or *ange ?is picture = an in/ant & note1 if y please1 ! flight ( cl\d %ad[s ov] a m\nta9 slope or ! :irl ( a w9d flurry across a /ill lake4 ,!re are mom5ts 9 all ph5om5a l ^! :]e a great man ris+ to ! occasion c cat* !m exactly1 z did ,r\sseau 9 ! gold5 gl[ ( ! fad+ light ?r\gh ! =e/1 or ,corot 9 ! crisp light ( ! morn+1 or ,daubigny 9 ! l[ twilight across ! sunk5 m>%es :]e "o c almo/ he> ! frogs croak4 ,selection1 !n1 prec$$ by ! deepe/ & close/ ?\ght z to :e!r ! subject is wor? pa9t+ at all1 becomes necess>y1 ! /ud5t giv+ himself pl5ty ( "t to /udy x 9 all its phases2 "t en\gh to walk ar\nd x1 review+ x at diff]5t angles2 not+ ! h\r at :i* x is at its be/ & happie/1 seiz+ ^u its mo/ tell+ pres5tm5t--& all ?is be=e he beg9s ev5 m5tally to compose its sali5t features on ! squ>e ( 8 canvas4 ,y c turn1 if y *oose1 y\r cam]a skyw>d & focus ! top ( a /eeple & only t4 ,x is true1 b x is un9t]e/+1 or r un9telligible1 until y focus also ! *ur* door1 & ! ga!r+ gr\ps1 & ! ov]gr[n pa?way t w9ds ?r\gh ! quiet gravey>d4 ,s a picture c be true & yet v mu* l a slip cut f a newspap]4 ,= "s m5 cut ?us into nature1 haphaz>d1 )\t c>e or ?\ght1 & produce p]haps a squ>e conta9+ an adv]tisem5t ( a pat5t *urn1 a railroad timetable1 & a fragm5t ( an essay on art4 ,cut c>efully & ) selection1 & y may get a poem :i* w soo! y l a melody4 99 99 99 99 99 ,z to ! value ( ! laws :i* gov]n ! p]fect composition1 x is unque/ionably true t a correct k ( ^! laws makes or unmakes ! picture & e/abli%es or ru9s ! rank ( ! pa9t]4 ,no matt] h[ c>eful ! draw+1 h[ int]e/+ ! subject1 h[ true ! mass1 h[ subtle ! gradations ( light & %ade1 h[ p]fect ! expression ( ! figures1 or h[ transp>5t ! atmosph]e ( a l&scape1 a want ( ?is k w defeat ! result4 ,on ! o!r h&1 a good composition--"o t c>ries1 z ! t]m is--"o t c be se5 across ! room1 if prop]ly compos$ w in/antly excite y\r int]e/1 ev5 if ^u ne> inspection y are %ock$ by its crudities & faults4 ,i don't "k :at x is1 says a pa9t]1 b x's good all ! same4 ,aft] y\r selection has be5 made1 ! next ?+ is to se>* = its c5tre ( int]e/4 ,:5 ?is is f\nd x is equally important to weigh c>efully ! quality ( ?is c5tre ( int]e/ 9 ord] to det]m9e :e!r1 z has be5 said1 ! subject is wor? pa9t+ at all4 ,my own rule is to sp5d half ! "t ,i am devot+ to my sket* 9 c>efully weigh+ ! subject 9 its e detail & expression4 99 99 99 99 99 ,_m m51 ,i am aw>e1 h endeavor$ to prove t !re are eight or t5 diff]5t =ms ( composition4 ,my own exp]i5ce & inve/igation are1 ( c\rse1 limit$1 b s f> ,i h only be5 able to discov] "o1 namely1 ! l>g] mass & ! small] mass3 ! l>g] mass dom9at+ ! c5tre ( int]e/1 :i* cat*es y\r eye in/antly at fir/ sight ( a picture1 & ! small] or less int]e/+ object :i* next attracts y\r eye1 & s relieves ! vision & sp>es y ! monotony ( look+ at a s+le object long & /eadily1 ?us fatigu+ ! eye & dissipat+ ! int]e/4 99 99 99 99 99 ,hav+ det]m9$ ^u ! quality ( ! subject-matt] & fix$ its c5tre int]e/ 9 pleas+ relation to ! :ole1 ! next /ep is to conf9e y\rself to all t ! eyes see at "o glance & no m1 or1 9 o!r words1 t portion ( ! l&scape :i* y c\ld cut out ) ! scissors ( y\r eye & pa/e ^u y\r m9d4 ,t :i* y c see :5 y\r head is kept p]fectly /ill1 y\r eye look+ /raight be=e y1 only see+ s high1 s l[1 & s f> to ! "r & left1 )\t a /ra94 ,! great sweep ( vision1 a sweep cov]+ a hundr$ subjects p]haps1 is obta9$ by turn+ ! eyes up or d[n or sideways4 ,b to be true--t is1 to see "o picture at a "t--! eye %\ld be fix$ l ! l5s ( a cam]a1 ! limit ( ! picture be+ ! range ( ! eye & no m4 ,a dep>ture f ?is rule n only confuses y\r p]spective b cr[ds a numb] ( po9ts ( int]e/ into ! squ>e ( y\r canvas1 :5 !re is really only "o c5tre po9t be=e y 9 nature2 & ?is "o po9t y mu/ treat z does ! electrician 9 a !atre :o keeps ! lime-light on ! /> ( ! play4 99 99 99 99 99 ,ano!r requirem5t is rapidity ( execution4 ,i am n speak+ ( figure-draw+4 ,i c well und]/& :y ! model gr[s tir$1 al?\gh ! crude lay figure may n1 & :y ! con/ant work+s ov] & aga9 ^u ! figure subject1 ! mosaic+ 7if ,i may co9 a ^w7 ( ! diff]5t po9ts ( ! figure dur+ ! diff]5t h\rs ( ! day & ! diff]5t days ( ! week deep into ! canvas1 may be necess>y4 ,i am speak+ ( outdoor1 l&scape "w1 = :i* only f\r h\rs1 at mo/1 ei!r 9 ! morn+ or 9 ! aft]noon1 c be utiliz$4 ,9 ?is f\r h\rs nature keeps comp>atively /ill long en\gh = y to c>ess h] ) y\r bru%1 & if y w\ld truly express :at y see1 y\r "w mu/ be f9i%$ 9 t "t4 ,i c q und]/& t to ! ord9>y /ud5t ?is is a p>alyz+ /atem5t1 b let u analyze x toge!r = a mom5t & ,i ?9k t we %all all see t if x 7 possible = a human h& to obey u z precisely z a human eye detects1 ! results on ! canvas w\ld be inf9itely m valuable1 fir/1 because ! sun nev] /&s /ill & ! %ad[s ( "o h\r are n ! %ad[s ( ! next2 & second1 because ?is mov+ ( ! sun is affect+ n only ! mass b ! composition ( ! picture1 "o mass ( build+s be+ 9 light at t5 o'clock & aga9 9 %ad[ at elev54 ,x is also affect+ its local color1 ! yell[ ( ! aft]noon sunlight illum9+ & gray+ ! silv]-blue ( ! %ad[s1 ?us weak5+ ! =ce ( positive %ad[s scatt]$ ?r\gh ! composition4 ,( c\rse1 to be really exact1 !re is only "o mom5t 9 any "o ( ! h\rs ( ! day 9 :i* any "o aspect ( nature rema9s ! same1 b s9ce we are all f9ite we mu/ d ! be/ we c1 & f\r h\rs1 9 my exp]i5ce1 is all t a man c be sure (4 ,we h1 ( c\rse1 ! next day to cont9ue 91 b !n ! l&scape has *ang$4 ,t delicate1 transp>5t1 gauzy cl\d scre5 t s(t5$ ! sky light 01 "u ! nor?we/ w9d ( ye/]day1 a cle>1 /eely gray-blue1 & ! sun %9+ ?r\gh x made ! sunlight almo/ :ite & ! %ad[s a neutral blue2 to-day ! w9d is f ! s\? & a great mass ( s(t summ] cl\ds1 tea-rose color1 drift ov] ! cle> azure1 ea* "o ( :i* ?r[s its reflect$ light on e object ov] :i* !y float4 ,! half y pa9t$ ye/]day1 !re=e1 w n mat* ! half y mu/ pa9t to-day1 & s if y w p]si/ 9 work+ on y\r same canvas y g on mak+ an almanac ( y\r picture1 s app>5t to an exp]t t he c pick out ! ,monday1 ,tuesday1 & ,w$nesday z y daily progress$4 ,if y %\ld be =tunate en\gh to "w "u ,italian skies1 :]e sometimes = days toge!r ! light is ! same1 ! skies be+ "o expanse ( s(t1 opalesc5t blue1 y might ?9k "u su* influ5ce x w\ld be possible = y to p]=m ! great almanac trick successfully 9 y\r sket*4 ,b h[ ab\t y\rself8 ,are y ! same man to-day t y 7 ye/]day8 ,if s1 p]haps y might also f9d y\rself 9 exactly ! same frame ( m9d t exi/$ :5 y\r sket* 0 half f9i%$4 ,b w\ld y gu>antee t y w\ld be ! same man = a week8 ,i believe we c ma9ta9 ?is position ( ! necessity ( rapid "w 9 out-(-door sket*es by look+ = a mom5t at ! product ( ! be/ m5 ( ! la/ c5tury1 "s ( :om ,i h already m5tion$4 ,take ,corot1 = in/ance4 ,corot1 z y "k1 sp5t almo/ 8 entire life pa9t+ ! e>ly light ( ! morn+4 ,an analysis ( 8 life's "w %[s t he mu/ h fold$ 8 umbrella & gone home be=e elev5 o'clock4 ,my own idea is t _m hundr$s ( 8 canvases1 :i* h s9ce sold at _m ?\s&s ( francs1 7 p]fectly f9i%$ 9 "o sitt+4 ,?is _c be o!rwise :5 y rememb] t "o deal] 9 ,p>is claims to h sold two ?\s& ,corots4 ,^! "o-sitt+ pictures to me express 8 be/ "w4 ,9 ! l>g] canvases 9 :i* figures are introduc$--notably ! "o fir/ own$ by ! late ,mr4 ,*>les ,a4 ,dana1 ( ,new ,york1 call$ ,apollo1 ,i believe--! treatm5t ( ! sky & =egr\nd %[s c>eful repa9t+1 & :ile ! me*anical process ( ! bru%1 %[n by ! ov] & "u pa9t+1 ! dragg+ ( opaque color ov] transp>5t1 may produce c]ta9 transluc5cies :i* ! m =cible & direct /roke ( ! bru%--"o t\* & no m--fails to give1 /ill ! :ole composition lacks t intimacy ) nature :i* "o always feels 9 ! small] & m rapidly p]fect$ canvases4 ,note1 too1 ! sket*es ( ,frans ,hals & see :at p[] comes f ! sure t\* ( a well-direct$ bru% 9 ! h& ( a man :o us$ x to express 8 ?\ghts z o!r m5 use *ords ( music or p>agraphs 9 lit]ature4 ,a man :o made no false moves1 :o knew t e /roke ( 8 bru% mu/ express a p]fect s5t5ce & t x c\ld nev] be recall$4 ,really ! "w ( su* a ma/] is l ! ge/ure ( an actor--if x is "r a ?rill goes ?r\gh y1 if x is wrong x is l t play] fri5d ( ,hamlet's :o saw$ ! air4 ,?is quality ( ! /roke1 by ! by1 if we /op to analyze = a mom5t1 is ! /roke t comes /raight f ! he>t1 t+l+ up ! sp9al column1 d[n ! arm1 & /raight to ! f+]-tips4 ,ole ,bull _h x :5 8 viol9 e*o$ a full or*e/ra2 ,pad]ewski has x :5 he r+s cle>ly & %>ply "s note t vibrates ?r\gh y = h\rs aft]2 ,boo? _h x :5 draw+ himself up to 8 full height z ,c>d9al ,ri*elieu he began t fam\s spee*1 ,ar\nd h] =m ,i draw ! holy circle ( our fai?--8 uprais$ f+] a b>ri] t an army c\ld n break d[n2 ,velasquez1 9 8 m>vell\s picture 9 ! ,museum ( ! ,prado 9 ,madrid ( ,! ,top]s 7,los ,borra*os72 ,frans ,hals1 9 almo/ e canvas t 8 bru% t\*$2 & 9 lat] ye>s our own ,john ,s>g5t1 9 _m ( 8 portraits1 b especially 9 8 direct out-(-door /udies1 %[s x2 z d scores ( o!rs ^: sur5ess ( t\* & exact k h made _! names h\sehold words :]e art is lov$ & g5ius held sacr$4 ,& ) ?is ability to record swiftly & surely !re w come a c]ta9 en?usiasm1 fann$ to :ite heat :51 "s morn+1 trap 9 h&1 y are se>*+ = some?+ to pa9t1 y\r m9d entirely fill$ ) a c]ta9 object 7y propose to pa9t boats if y please1 & y h walk$ ar\nd !m = m9utes try+ to get ! be/ view & decid+ ^u ! all-important be/ possible composition7--:51 turn+ sudd5ly1 y face a mass ( build+s & a sweep ( riv] t in/antly put to flight e idea conc]n+ y\r fir/ subject1 & 9 a mom5t a new arrangem5t is evolv$ & y are work+ l mad4 ,x is only "u ?is pressure ( en?usiasm t ! be/ "w is produc$4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! com+ l&scape-pa9t] w be a f\r-h\r man1 ( ?or\gh k1 "o :o has mo/ intimate & close acqua9tance ) nature1 "o :o c select & !n seize ! sali5t features ( ! l&scape1 at a glance arrang+ !m ^u ! squ>e ( 8 canvas1 9 o!r words1 compos+ !m1 ! basis be+ ! mo/ expansive & mo/ picturesque gr\p+ ( ! sev]al details ( ! subject1 extract+ at ! same mom5t1 at ! same in/ant1 ) "o sweep ( 8 eye1 ! :ole s*eme ( local color1 & !n surely1 cle>ly1 lov+ly1 & rev]5tly mak+ x brea! ^u 8 canvas = o!r s\ls to live by4 99 99 99 99 99 ,& h[ noble ! ambition6 ,9 our pres5t civilization "s m5 are mov$ to philan?ropy1 "s to sci5ce1 "s to be rul]s ( m54 ,"s m5 are brimful & runn+ ov] ) h>monies t w live =ev]4 ,o!r m5's he>ts beat 9 unison ) ! symphonies ( ! sph]es1 & ,hom] & ,milton & ,dante become h\sehold words4 ,y seek ano!r expression ( ! good t is 9 y4 ,y w be pa9t]s & sculptors4 ,color1 =m1 & mass are to y :at ! p51 ! sword1 & ! lute are to ^? o!rs :o h gone be=e1 or are n[ ar\nd y4 ,y\r mission is z di/9ct z !irs1 & x is z imp]ative t y %\ld fulfil x4 ,pa9t :at y see & z y see x4 ,no?+ m nor less4 ,see only ! beautiful1 & if y _c rea* t cont5t y\rself ) ! picturesque4 ,x is a fir/ c\s9 b once remov$4 ,,mass ,! diff]5ce betwe5 composition & mass is t a composition is a m]e outl9e ( p5 or p5cil1 ea* object tak+ its prop] place 9 ! squ>e ( a canvas1 :ile mass is ! fill+ 9 betwe5 ^! outl9es ei!r ( v>i$ color or 9 lights or d>ks1 _! gradations b s _m guides to ! spectator's eye m>k+ n only its p]spective1 =m & atmosph]e1 b1 if skilfully done1 tell+ ! /ory ( y\r subject at a glance4 ,to d ?is ! /ud5t mu/ f9d ! lighte/ light & d>ke/ d>k 9 ! subject be=e him &1 hav+ f\nd x1 adh]e to x to ! end ( 8 "w4 ,= z ! sun dom9ates ! sky & e>? s d its rays dom9ate p>ts ( ! :ole1 mak+ m lum9\s ?an ! re/ only "o object ^u :i* its light falls4 ,to make ?is m explicit x is only necess>y to look at an egg ^u a :ite table-clo?4 ,"h is a natural object devoid ( local color except 9 reflect$ lights1 & yet y w f9d t :]e ! r\nd ( ! egg reflects ! light ! highe/ light is f\nd1 :ile 9 ! edge ( ! %ad[1 :]e ! egg turns into ! r\nd--betwe5 t high light & ! reflect$ light f ! table-clo?1 ,i mean--is f\nd its d>ke/ d>k4 ,b only "o portion ( t %ad[1 a po9t z l>ge z ! po9t ( a p91 is ! d>ke/ d>k4 ,ev]y?+ else is gradation1 f ! highe/ light to ! l[e/ light1 ! l[e/ light be+ almo/ a %ad[2 & f its d>ke/ d>k to its lighte/ d>k ! lighte/ d>k aga9 be+ almo/ a light4 ,9 l&scape art ^! problems are greatly simplifi$4 ,! sun is always ! /ronge/ light1 & :atev] comes aga9/ x1 *ur* t[]1 rock1 palace1 or %ip "u full sail1 is ! d>ke/ object4 ,9 addition to ?is !re is always "s "o po9t :]e ! outdoor pa9t] c f9d a less] supplem5t>y light & ne> x a less] supplem5t>y d>k4 ,moreov]1 ?r\gh\t ! re/ ( ! composition ^! same lights & d>ks are e*o$ & re-e*o$ 9 con/antly decreas+ gradations4 ,y may apply ^! same te/s ev]y:]e 9 nature4 ,ev5 9 a gray day1 :5 ! sun is n s positive a factor 9 di/ribut+ light1 & ! %ad[s are s subtle t x is difficult to discov] !m1 !re is always "s mass ( foliage1 ! silv] %e5 f an old %+l$ ro(1 ! gl>e ( a :ite wall1 :i* m>ks = ! composition its lighte/ light1 :ile a correspond+ d>k c always be f\nd some:]e 9 ! tree-trunks1 "u ! ov]hang+ eaves1 or 9 ! brok5 crevices ( ! masonry4 ,s x is ) e o!r expression ( nature4 ,ev5 on a ,v5etian lagoon1 :]e ! sky & wat] are app>5tly "o 7n really "o to ! quick eye ( an exp]t1 ! wat] always be+ "o tone l[] ?an ! sky--t is1 m gray ?an ! ov]b5d+ sky7--ev5 9 ?is lagoon y w f9d "s "o portion ( ! surface light] ?an any o!r portion2 & 9 express+ x y\r eye fir/ & y\r bru% next mu/ cat* 9 ! opalesc5t sweep ( delici\s color "u y\r eye its exact quantity ( black & :ite4 ,by black & :ite ,i mean1 ( c\rse1 t excess or abs5ce ( pure color :i* :5 translat$ into pure black & :ite w\ld express ! mean+ ( ! subject-matt]1 z "o ( ,raphael ,morgh5's engrav+s on /eel gives y ! feel+ & color 9 8 ma/]ly r5d]+ ( ,da ,v9ci's ,la/ ,supp]4 ,9 my judgm5t "o ( ! great l&scapes ( mod]n times is ! picture by ! di/+ui%$ ,dut* pa9t]1 ,mauve1 kn[n z ,*ang+ ,pa/ure1 :i* is n[ own$ by ,mr4 ,*>les ,p4 ,taft1 ( ,c9c9nati4 ,"h ! factor ( mass is c>ri$ to its utmo/ limit4 ,sky "o mass2 flock ( %eep ano!r mass2 & ! =egr\nd1 sweep+ "u ! %eep & beyond until x is lo/ 9 ! haze ( ! di/ance1 ano!r mass1 or1 if "o *ooses to put x t way1 ano!r broad gradation ( a section ( ! picture3 ! highe/ light be+ "s inf9itesimal speck 9 ! diaphan\s silv] sky1 ! /ronge/ d>k be+ f\nd some:]e 9 ! =egr\nd or 9 ! flock ( %eep4 ,by a /rict adh]5ce to ?is law ( "o supreme light & "o supreme d>k does ,mauve's "w1 z x 71 get back f & out ( 8 canvas1 z f ! record ( a phonograph into :i* "s s\l has brea!d its own precise purpose & int5t4 ,s1 too1 does nature (t5 call out to y fix+ y\r att5tion1 (t5 %r\d+ 9 %ad[ ! unimportant 9 ! l&scape1 :ile high up above ! gloom x holds up to y\r gaze a :ite c&le ( a m9>et or ! b>$ brea/ ( an ,alp9e peak reflect+ ! lov+ look ( a tir$ sunbeam bidd+ x good-night4 99 99 99 99 99 ,to acc5t ! m /rongly ! value ( ?is dom9ant light ev5 ?\gh x be treat$ 9 v l[ gradation1 ,i recall t a ye> ago ! art _w 0 />tl$ by ! sum receiv$ = a m$ium siz$ picture ( "s coryphees pa9t$ by ,degas1 n[ an old man ov] eighty ye>s old--a subject :i* he always lov$ &1 inde$1 :i* he has pa9t$ _m times4 ,"s ?irty ye>s ago1 :5 he 0 comp>atively a "y man1 ,i saw1 at ! ,b>?oldi exhibition 9 ,new ,york1 a picture by ?is ma/] ( ^! same coryphees1 two figures /&+ toge!r 9 ! flies re/+ _! we>y1 p9k1 fi%worm legs z !y balanc$ !mselves ) _! h&s aga9/ ! wabbl+ sc5]y4 ,x 0 a :olly gray picture1 & almo/ 9 a monotone1 & yet ! fla%es ( _! diamond e>r+s1 no l>g] ?an ! po9t ( a p91 7 di/9ctly visible1 hold+ _! place 91 if n dom9at+1 ! :ole color s*eme4 ,aga91 9 t m>vell\s portrait ( ,w]!im]1 ! bric-a-brac deal]1 if y rememb]1 ! eye fir/ cat*es ! /rong v]milion t\* on ! l[] lip1 & !n1 kn[+ t a ma/] l ,s>g5t w\ld n leave x isolat$1 "o f9ds1 to "o's delight & joy1 a little swipe ( r$ on ! tongue ( ! b>ely disc]nible black poodle squatt+ at 8 feet4 ,_h ! r$ ( ! dog's tongue pr$om9at$1 we %\ld nev] h be5 ?rill$ & fasc9at$ by "o ( ! great portraits ( ?is or any o!r "t4 ,?is is also true 9 o!r great portraits--91 = in/ance1 ! pictures ( ,rembr&t1 ,v&yck1 & ,frans ,hals1 especially :]e a face is reliev$ by ! addition ( a h& & ! :ite ( a ruff4 ,some:]e 9 t w>m expanse ( ! face !re c be f\nd a p9head ( color1 bright] & m dom9at+ ?an any o!r bru% t\* on ! canvas4 ,x may be ! high egg-light 9 ! =ehead1 or ! click on ! tip ( ! nose1 or a fold ( ! :ite ruff2 b slight z x is & unnoticeable at fir/1 because ( x n only does ! head look r\nd z ! egg looks r\nd :5 reliev$ by ! same treatm5t1 b ! att5tion is fix$4 ,unless ?is _h be5 pres]v$1 ! eye w\ld h1 p]haps1 re/$ fir/ on ! h&1 some?+ =eign to ! pa9t]'s int5tion4 ,recall+ aga9 ! law ( ! high light & /rong d>k1 & ref]r+ aga9 to ! value ( ! skilful manipulation ( light & %ade =m+ ! mass !reby express+ ! m cle>ly ! mean+ ( a picture1 ,i repeat t1 :ile ! eye is always caught by ! /ronge/ d>k aga9/ ! /ronge/ light1 x is next caught by ! less] supplem5t>y light & less] supplem5t>y d>k2 & !n1 if ! pa9t] is skilful en\gh 9 ! managem5t ( ! rema9+ less] lights & d>ks1 ! eye w run ?r\gh ! gradations to ! end1 reb\nd+ once m to ! great] light & d>k1 exactly 9 ! ord] int5d$ by ! pa9t]2 ?us unfold+ to ! spectator little by little1 q z a plot ( a novel is made cle>1 ! /ory :i* ! pa9t] _h 9 8 own m9d to tell4 ,?is is effect$ purely & entirely by ! correct acc5tuations ( ! explanatory lights & d>ks4 ,"o mi/ake 9 ! managem5t--t is1 ! acc5tuat+ ( ! ?ird light1 if y please1 in/ead ( ! second--w n only confuse ! eye ( ! spectator1 b may p]haps give him an entirely diff]5t impression f :at 0 int5d$ by ! pa9t]1 j z ! %ift+ ( a *apt] 9 a novel w\ld confuse a read]2 & ?is1 if y please1 )\t dep5d+ 9 any way ^u ei!r ! draw+ or ! color ( ! accessories4 ,i c be/ illu/rate ?is by recall+ to y\r m9d t m>vell\s picture ( ! s-call$ lit]>y s*ool ( ,engl&1 a picture by ,luke ,fildes kn[n z ,! ,doctor & n[ hang+ 9 ! ,tate ,gall]y 9 ,london1 9 :i* ! :ole sad /ory is told 9 logical sequ5ce by ! arti/'s consummate h&l+ ( ! d>ks & lights 9 regul> progression4 99 99 99 99 99 ,y w p>don me1 ,i hope1 if ,i leave ! m te*nical details ( my subject = a mom5t t ,i may discuss ) y "o ( ! peculi>ities ( ! s-call$ art-lov+ public ( to-day1 notably t section :i* insi/s t no picture %\ld tell a /ory ( any k9d4 ,to my own m9d ?is picture ( ,luke ,fildes rea*es high-wat] m>k 9 ! s*ool ( 8 "t1 & yet 9 wat*+ z ,i h done ! cr[ds :o surge ?r\gh ! ,tate ,gall]ies & ! ,national ,gall]y1 x is an almo/ e-day occurr5ce to ov]he> su* contemptu\s rem>ks z ,oh1 yes1 "o ( ^? lit]>y fell[s1 drop f ! lips ( "s highbr[ :o only tol]ates ,con/able because ( ! influ5ce 8 example & "w _h on ,corot & o!r m5 ( ! ,b>bizon s*ool4 ,ano!r section lose _! s5ses ov] pure bru% "w4 ,a /ory ( ,:i/l]--"o he told me himself--w illu/rate :at ,i mean4 ,jules ,/ew>t's fa!r1 a great lov] ( good pictures & "o ( ,=tuny's e>lie/ patrons1 _h invit$ ,:i/l] to 8 h\se 9 ,p>is to see 8 collection1 & 9 ! c\rse ( ! visit drew f a hid+-place a small panel ( ,meissoni]'s1 ( a quality s high t any deal] 9 ,p>is w\ld h giv5 him #cj1jjj = x4 ,:i/l] w\ld n ev5 glance at x4 ,^u ,/ew>t insi/+1 he adju/$ 8 monocle & said3 ,oh1 yes1 v good--snuff-box /yle4 ,?is affectation 0 to h be5 expect$ ( ,:i/l] because ( 8 aggressive m5tal attitude t[>d ! "w ( any man :o h&l$ 8 bru% diff]5tly f 8 own p]sonal me?ods1 b san] m9ds may ?9k along broad] l9es4 ,if !y d n1 !y h %ort memories4 ,ev5 9 my own exp]i5ce ,i h wat*$ ! rise & fall ( m5 ^: te*nic call$ f ! h\setops--a call :i* 0 he>d by ! pass+ ?rong bel[1 _m ( :om /opp$ to li/5 & applaud2 = 9 pictures z 9 bonnets ! ta/e ( ! public *anges almo/ daily4 ,"o has only to review sev]al ( ! s*ools1 bo? 9 ,engli% & 9 ,cont95tal art1 not+ _! dawn ( novelty1 _! sunrise ( appreciation1 _! high noon ( triumph1 _! aft]noon ( neglect1 & _! night ( oblivion1 to be conv9c$ t ! :eel ( arti/ic appreciation is r\nd l o!r :eels--! _w1 = "o--& t its revolutions br+ ! night z surely z !y br+ ! dawn4 ,n a hundr$ ye>s h pass$ s9ce ! broad1 s5su\s "w ( ,turn]1 big 9 conception & big 9 treatm5t1 0 foll[$ by ! m exact pa9t]s ( ! ,engli% s*ool1 _m ( :om are /ill at "w1 notably ,lead] & ,alfr$ ,p>sons1 bo? ,royal ,academicians1 & ( :om "s contemporane\s critic insi/$ t !y _h c\nt$ ! leaves on _! elm-trees fr++ ! poli%$ wat] ( ! ,?ames4 ,!y1 ( c\rse1 _h only be5 eclips$ by ! broad] bru%es ( m rec5t "t1 m5 l ,frank ,brangwyn & ,col9 ,hunt]1 :o h yield$ to ! pressure ( ! *ange 9 ta/e1 or ( :om x w\ld be m j to say1 h set pres5t ta/e1 s t to-day n only ! aft]noon ( night1 b ! twilight ( =getfulness1 is sl[ly & surely ca/+ long %ad[s ov] ! m reali/ic m5 ( ! eighties & n9eties4 ,:at w foll[ ?is evolution ( te*nic no man c pr$ict4 ,! lessons ( ! pa/1 h[ev]1 are valuable1 & to-day "o t\* ( ,turn]'s bru% is m s\ght = ?an acres ( canvases s greatly priz$ tw5ty ye>s aft] 8 dea?4 ,& ?is is n alone conf9$ to ! old reali/ic ,engli% s*ool4 ,9 my own "t ,i h se5 ,v]beckoev5 eclips$ by ,van ,m>cke1 ,b\gu]eau1 ,cabanel1 & ,g]ome by ,manet1 & ,sir ,fr$]ick ,leighton by ,john ,s>g5t--a "y ,david slay+ ! ,golia? ( ,engli% te*nic ) b a wave ( 8 magic bru%--&1 la/ & by no means lea/1 ! great ,fr5* pa9t] ,meissoni] by ! equally great ,spani% ma/] ,sorolla4 ,i am tempt$ to cont9ue1 = ! success ( ^! m5 9 ! fulness ( ! sunlight ( _! triumph1 reali/s z well z impressioni/s1 0 :olly due to _! und]/&+ ( & adh]5ce to ! rules ( selection1 composition1 & mass :i* =m ! basis ( ^! pap]s1 & :i* despite _! diff]5ces 9 bru% "w !y all adh]$ to4 ,9 ! late half ( ! prec$+ c5tury ,meissoni] receiv$ #ff1jjj = 8 ,fri$l&1 a picture :i* co/ him ! be/ "p ( two ye>s to pa9t1 & ! exp5diture ( _m ?\s&s ( francs1 notably ! exp5se att5dant ^u ! trampl+ d[n ( a field ( gr[+ :eat by a drove ( horses t he might /udy ! action & ! effect ! bett]4 ,=ty ye>s lat] ,sorolla receiv$ #bj1jjj = two figures 9 blaz+ sunlight :i* took him b two days to pa9t1 ! re/ ( 8 collection br++ #bej1jjj1 ! :ole exhibit ( "o hundr$ & odd pictures hav+ be5 visit$ by #aej1jjj p]sons 9 ?irty-two days4 ,& he is /ill 9 ! full tide ( success1 pre-em95tly ! greate/ ma/] ( ! out-(-doors ( mod]n times1 :ile to-day ! "w ( ,meissoni] has fall5 into su* disrepute t no own] d>es (f] "o ( 8 canvases at public auction except "u ! ke5e/ necessity4 ,! fir/ ma/] expresses ! ref9em5t ( extreme realism1 or r detailism2 ! o!r is a pron\nc$ impressioni/ ( ! sane/ ( ! op5-air s*ool ( to-day4 ,h[ long ?is p5dulum w cont9ue to sw+ no "o c tell4 ,bo? m5 are great pa9t]s 9 ! wide/1 deepe/1 & mo/ pron\nc$ s5se2 bo? m5 h glorifi$1 ennobl$1 & enri*$ _! "t2 & bo? m5 h reflect$ cr$it & honor ^u _! nation & _! s*ool4 ,meissoni] c\ld n only draw ! figure1 give x life & action1 keep x h>moni\s 9 color1 p]fect 9 its gradations ( black & :ite1 b he _h t m>vell\s gift ( color analysis :i* reproduces = y 9 a picture ! size ( ! top ( a cig>-box e tone 9 ! local & reflect$ light to be f\nd1 say1 9 ! folds ( a cavali]'s cloak1 ! pleats no wid] ?an ! po9t ( a /ub p54 ,all ?is1 ( c\rse1 ,sorolla ignores &1 ,i am afraid1 kn[+ ! man p]sonally z ,i d1 despises4 ,:at conc]ns ! great ,spani>d is ! :ole composition alive 9 ! blaze ( ! sunlight1 ! gl>e ( ! hot s& & ! %imm] ( ! blue1 ov]>*+ sky1 beat+ up & d[n & ov] ! figures1 & all depict$ ) a sla% ( a bru% almo/ z wide z y\r h&4 ,! fir/ picture1 ! size ( a tobacco-box1 y c hold betwe5 ?umb & f+] & enjoy1 amaz$ at ! ma/]'s k & skill4 ,! o!r grips y f af> (f z y ent] ! gall]y & /& />tl$ & a/\nd$ be=e its tru? & dignity4 ,9 ! fir/ ,meissoni] tells y ! :ole /ory to ! v end4 ,9 ! second ,sorolla pres5ts b a s]ies ( %or?& notes :i* y y\rself c fill 9 to suit y\r ta/e & exp]i5ce bo? ( life & nature4 ,:e!r y pref] "o or ! o!r1 or nei!r1 is a matt] = y to decide4 ,y pay y\r money or y don't1 & y c take y\r *oice4 ,! future only c tell ! /ory ( ! revolution ( ! :eel4 ,9 ! next decade a s+le ,meissoni] may be wor? its weight 9 %eet gold & lay]s ( ,sorollas may be /or$ 9 attics await+ "s =tunate auction4 ,:at w ensue1 ! art _w ov]1 be=e ! :eel travels its full p]iph]y1 no man kn[s4 ,x w n be ! hy/]ia ( pa9t1 ,i feel assur$1 ) its dabb]s1 spott]s1 & sme>]s2 nor w x be ! litt]s ( ! cub-i/s1 t new bre$ ( arti/ic pups1 sponsors = ,! girl com+ d[n-/airs1 or ,! /airs com+ d[n ! girl1 or ,! com+ girl & ! d[n-/airs1 x makes no diff]5ce :i*1 all are equally incoh]5t & un9telligible2 b x w be some?+ :i*1 at lea/1 w boa/ ! elem5t ( beauty :i* is ! "o & only excuse = art's exi/5ce4 ,i may n live to see ,meissoni]'s second dawn & ,i nev] want to see ,sorolla's eclipse1 b y may4 ,y h only to rememb] ,turn]'s second high noon to be assur$ ( x4 99 99 99 99 99 ,& j "h x might be well to consid] ?is "q ( te*nic1 especially its value 9 obta9+ ! results desir$4 ,:ile x has no?+ to d ) ei!r selection1 composition1 or mass1 x has1 ,i claim1 mu* to d ) ! way a pa9t] expresses himself--8 tone ( voice1 8 h&writ+1 8 ge/ures 9 talk+1 s to speak--& !re=e becomes an integral "p ( my disc\rse4 ,x may also be ( s]vice 9 ! /rik+ ( a note ( compromise1 "s middle gr\nd ^u :i* ! extremes may "o day meet4 ,to make my po9t ! cle>]1 let me recall an exhibition 9 ,new ,york1 held "s ye>s ago1 :5 ! bonnets 7 five deep try+ to get a glimpse ( a picture ( half a doz5 r$ prelates :o 7 li/5+ to a mission>y's /ory4 ,_m ( ^! devotees w5t into raptures ov] ! brass nails 9 ! s(a1 & 7 only disappo9t$ :5 !y c\ld n read ! monogram on ! bi%op's r+4 ,lat] on1 a highly cultivat$ & intellig5t ,am]ican citiz5 0 s entranc$ t he b\ght ! mission>y1 /ory & all1 = ! price ( a br[n-/one front1 & c>ri$ him away t he might enjoy him =ev]4 ,"o mon? lat]1 almo/ exactly 9 ! same spot hung ano!r picture1 ! subject ( :i* ,i =get1 or x may be t ,i did n und]/& x or t x _h no subject at all4 ,if ,i rememb]1 x 0 n l any?+ 9 ! heav5s above1 or ! e>? b5ea?1 or ! wat]s "u ! e>?4 ,9 ?is respect "o c\ld h fall5 d[n & wor%ipp$ x & escap$ ! *>ge ( idolatry4 ,) ! exception ( a few /ray art critics1 delight$ at an opportunity = a new s5sation1 x 0 n surr\nd$ by an idolatr\s ga!r+ at all4 ,on ! contr>y1 ! audi5ce be=e x rem9d$ me m ( ,artemas ,w>d & 8 panorama4 ,:5 ,i fir/ exhibit$ ?is picture 9 ,new ,york1 he said1 ! arti/s came ) lant]ns be=e daybreak to look at x1 & !n !y call$ = ! arti/1 & :5 he appe>$--!y ?rew ?+s at him4 ,= "o picture a g5tleman gave a br[n-/one front2 = ! o!r he w\ld n h giv5 a s+le brick1 unless he _h be5 sure ( plant+ x 9 ! middle ( ! canvas ! fir/ %ot4 ,! fir/ 0 ,vib]t's reali/ic picture s well kn[n to y4 ,! o!r 0 an example ( ! mod]n ,fr5* s*ool or :at 0 !n kn[n z advanc$ impressioni/s4 ,i %all n g into an analysis ( ! te*nic ( ! two pa9t]s4 ,i ref] to !m & _! bru% "w "h because ( ! undue value set ^u ! way a ?+ is done r ?an its value aft] x is done4 ,speak+ = myself1 ,i mu/ admit t ! value ( te*nic has nev] impress$ me z h ! o!r & great] qualities 9 a picture--namely1 its expression ( tru? & ! message x c>ries ( beauty & (t5 t5d]ness4 ,i h always held t x is ( no mom5t to ! _w at l>ge by :at means & me?ods an arti/ expresses himself2 t ! _w is only conc]n$ z to :e!r he has express$ himself at all2 & if s1 to :at end & ext5t4 ,if ! arti/ says to u1 ,i scumbl$ 9 ! backgr\nd solid1 us+ bitum5 z an und]tone1 !n ,i dragg$ ov] my high lights & pa9t$ my cool color "r into x1 x is z mean+less to mo/ ( u z if ano!r bread-w9n] _h said1 ,i use a ,s+] ) a /raight %uttle & ,no4 #fj cotton4 ,:at we want to "k is :e!r %e made ! %irt4 ,art t]ms are1 h[ev]1 synonym\s ) o!r t]ms & 9 ?is connection may be ( assi/ance4 ,to make my purpose cle> we w suppose t te*nic 9 art is h&writ+4 ,composition1 ! arrangem5t ( s5t5ces4 ,details1 ! *oice ( words4 ,draw+1 good gramm>4 ,mass1 or light & %ade1 contra/+ expressions giv+ value ea* to ! o!r4 ,i hold1 h[ev]1 t !re is some?+ m4 ,! au?or may write a good h&1 spell correctly1 & h a prop] respect = ,l9dley ,murray1 b :at does he say8 ,:at idea does he convey8 ,has he told u any?+ ( human life1 ( human love1 ( human suff]+ or joy1 or uncov]$ = u any fre% hid+-place ( nature & taught u to love x8 ,or is x only words8 ,x really matt]s v little to any ( u :at ! h&writ+ ( an au?or may be1 & s x %\ld matt] v little h[ an arti/ t\*es ! canvas4 ,x is true t a picture conta9+ & express+ an idea ! mo/ elevat$ c be pa9t$ ei!r 9 mass or detail1 at ! pleasure ( ! pa9t]4 ,he may write 9 ! ,muni* /yle1 or aft] ! mann] ( ! ,duesseldorf ready writ]s1 or ! mod]n ,fr5* po?ook & hang]1 or ! antiquat$ ,dut*4 ,he c use ! ,engli% ( ,*auc]1 or ,%akespe>e1 or ,jo% ,bill+s1 at 8 own good pleasure4 ,if he conveys an intelligible idea he has accompli%$ a result ! value ( :i* is j 9 proportion to ! quality ( t idea4 ,to cont9ue ?is p>allel1 x may be said t extreme realism is ! use ( too _m words 9 a s5t5ce & too _m s5t5ces 9 a p>agraph2 extreme impressionism1 ! use ( too few4 ,nei!r1 h[ev]1 is fundam5tal1 & art c be good1 bad1 or indiff]5t conta9+ ea* or comb9+ bo?4 ,realism1 or1 to express x m cle>ly1 detailism1 is ! realiz+ ( ! :ole subject-matt] or motive ( a picture 9 exact detail4 ,impressionism is ! g5]aliz+ ( ! subject-matt] z a :ole & ! expression ( only its sali5t features4 ,! extreme reali/ or detaili/ ( ! ,rusk9 type has = ye>s be5 insi/+ t a spade 0 a spade & %\ld be pa9t$ to look l a spade2 t a spade 0 n a spade until e nail 9 ! h&le & e crack 9 ! blade became app>5t4 ,! m advanc$ w\ld h insi/$ on n only ! fibre 9 ! wood1 b ! br& on ! o!r side ( ! blade1 _h x be5 physically possible to %[ x4 ,9 absolute contra/ to ?is1 !re liv$ a man at ,b>bizon :o ma9ta9$ t a spade 0 n a spade at all1 b m]ely a mass ( %ad[ aga9/ a l[ twilight sky1 9 ! h&s ( a figure :o ) uncov]$ head li/5s rev]5tly2 t ! spade is m]ely a symbol ( labor2 t he us$ x z he w\ld use a ^w necess>y to express a s5t5ce1 :i* w\ld be un9telligible )\t x1 & t x 0 p]fectly immat]ial to him1 & %\ld be to ! _w1 :e!r x 0 a spade or a %ovel s long z ! s(t twilight1 & ! rev]5t figures we>i$ ) ! day's "w1 & ! flat wa/e ( field /ret*+ away to ! little village spire on ! dim horizon l9e told ! /ory ( human suff]+ & pati5ce & toil1 z ) fold$ h&s !y li/5$ to ! s(t cad5ce ( ! angelus4 ,:i* ( ^! two me?ods ( expression is correct--,rusk9 or ,millet8 ,are !re any laws :i* gov]n1 or is x a matt] ( ta/e1 fancy1 or feel+8 ,is x a matt] ( individuality8 ,if s1 :i* individual by 8 me?ods tells u ! mo/ tru?s8 ,let u endeavor to analyze4 ,i :irl ?r\gh a m\nta9 gorge & cat* a glance ?r\gh a c>-w9d[--an impression4 ,9 ! d>kness ( ! tunnel x rema9s ) me4 ,i see ! great mass ( :ite cumuli & aga9/ !m ! d>k c$>s1 ! /raggl+ foot-pa? & /eep cliffs4 ,i am impress$ ) ! sweep ( ! cl\d =m press+ ov] & ar\nd !m4 ,) my eyes clos$ ,i pa9t ?is on my bra91 & if ,i am great en\gh & wide en\gh & deep en\gh ,i c subdue my p]sonality & =get my surr\nd+s1 & :5 opportunity (f]s ,i c express ^u my canvas ! few sali5t facts :i* impress$ me & %\ld impress my fell[ m54 ,if x is ! silv]y light ( ! morn+1 ,i am ,corot2 if ! day is gone & across ! cool lagoon ,i see ! ripple amid ! tall grass cat*+ ! fad+ color ( ! w>m sky1 ,i am ,daubigny2 if a gray mi/ hangs ov] ! hillside & ! pat*es ( sn[ half melt$ express ! w>m? & mell[ness ( ! com+ spr+1 ,i am our own ,inness4 ,p]haps1 h[ev]1 ,i am n cont5t4 ,i am ov]burd5$ ) curiosity4 ,i say to myself3 ,:at sort ( trees1 p9e or c$>8 ,i ?9k1 p9e1 b ,i am uneasy le/ !y %\ld be hemlock4 ,7 ! rocks all p]p5dicul>1 or did n deta*$ b[ld]s l9e ! pa?8 ,ab\t ! cl\ds1 7 !y n "s small cirri b5ea? ! z5i?8 ,my memory is s bad--& s ,i /op ! tra9 & g back4 ,j z ,i expect$4 ,! trees 7 spruce & ! rocks 7 grass-gr[n & full ( fissures1 & s ,i beg9 to pa9t & cont9ue4 ,i get ! b>k on ! trees1 & ! foliage until ea* p>ticul> leaf /&s on end1 & ! /rata ( ! cliffs1 & ! v s& on ! pa?4 ,i cr[d into my canvas geology1 botany1 & ! laws gov]n+ cl\d =ms4 ,be+ an ord9>y mortal1 my curiosity1 my telescopic eyes1 my magnify+-glass ( vision1 my love ( tru?1 my positive conviction t x is a spruce & %\ld n be pa9t$ z a p9e1 except ?r\gh rank p]jury1 all ^! =ces toge!r h und]m9$ my impression or1 l ?orns1 h gr[n up & *ok$ x4 ,be+ hone/1 ,i am ready to confess t be=e return+ to ! spot ,i 0 9 d\bt ab\t ! p9e4 ,b ,i am /ill ready to affirm t :at ,i h labor$ ov] is ! exact c\nt]feit & pres5tm5t ( nature1 & equally will+ to d5\nce ! public = n see+ x z ,i d4 ,i =get t ,i h be5 a boor & a vulg>ian--t ,i h be5 invit$ to a fea/ & t ,i h pri$ into my/]ies :i* my goddess w\ld veil f my sight2 t ,i h _h ! imp]t95ce to br+ my own p]sonal advice into ! discussion2 t ,i h insi/$ t fissures1 & leaves1 & s&1 & inf9ite detail 7 necess>y to ?is expression ( nature's sublimity4 ,is x at all /range t ! impression :i* s *>m$ me z ,i saw x f my c>-w9d[ has fad$8 ,nature unroll$ = me sudd5ly a poem4 ,= symbols %e us$ a great mass ( d>k1 /urdy trees aga9/ a maje/ic cl\d1 a rugg$ cliff1 & a /raggl+ pa?4 ,i h ignor$ !m all & insi/$ t tru? 0 mighty & mu/ prevail4 ,i am a reali/ & pa9t ?+s z !y are4 ,n s4 ,i am an iconocla/ & h brok5 my god & _c put toge!r ! pieces4 ,i h sacrific$ a div9e impression to a human realism4 ,suppose1 h[ev]1 t ! pa9t] :o _h ?is glimpse ( nature be=e ent]+ ! tunnel 0 no ord9>y man1 b a man ( /eadfa/ m9d1 ( firm convictions1 ( a sure t\*1 ) an absolute belief 9 nature1 & s rev]5tial t he d>e n (f] ev5 a sugge/ion ( 8 own4 ,he has se5 x2 he has felt x2 x has gone d[n deep into 8 memory & he>t4 ,! cl\d1 ! cliff1 ! mass1 ! pa?--t is all4 ,& x is en\gh4 ,! annoyances ( ! day1 ! s$uctions ( fre% impressions ( new] subjects1 ! weakness ( ! fle% d n det] him4 ,) a s+le aim1 to ! exclusion ( all else1 & ) a direct simplicity1 he records :at he saw1 & lo6 we h a poem4 ,su* a man 0 ,c\rbet1 ,corot1 ,dupre4 ,b "o w\ld say3 ,t may answ] = l&scape3 :at ab\t ! figure-pa9t]8 ,let u c\nsel toge!r4 ,a man only rises to 8 own level4 ,9 art1 z 9 music & lit]ature1 he only expresses himself4 ,ea* selects 8 own me?od4 ,! s*ool ( ,meissoni] is n cont5t ) a few gr& tru?s simply express$4 ,!y want a multitude ( facts2 !y mu/ tell ! /ory 9 _! own way4 ,!y are ! ,dick5s & ,walt] ,scott ( art4 ,x is it]ation & reit]ation4 ,my c>d9al mu/ n only h r$ /ock+s1 says ,vib]t1 b !y mu/ be silk2 e detail mu/ be elaborat$4 ,v well1 :at ( x8 y say4 ,:at d y criticise1 ! draw+8 ,no4 ,! color8 ,no4 ,! composition8 ,no4 ,does ! pa9t] express himself8 ,p]fectly4 ,:at !n8 ,j ?is4 ,he expresses himself too p]fectly4 ,at fir/ ,i am delight$4 ,! /ory is s well told--! well-f$ prelates2 ! half-sne]2 ! cynical smile2 ! e>ne/ mission>y tell+ 8 exp]i5ce4 ,b ! next day8--well1 he is /ill tell+ x4 ,by ! end ( ! week ! enjoym5t is conf9$ to all[+ him to tell x to a fre% eye1 & t eye ano!r's1 & wat*+ 8 pleasure4 ,at ! end ( ! ye> x becomes a "p ( ! decoration ( ! wall4 ,y p]haps feel t ! frame ne$s ret\*+1 & t is all ! impression x makes ^u y1 except z w\ld an old timepiece ) ! ma9spr+ gone4 ,! works are exquisite & ! enamell+ *>m+1 b x has be5 f\r o'clock = =ty ye>s4 ,9 ! libr>y1 h[ev]1 hangs an et*+ :i* y (t5 look at2 9 fact1 y nev] pass x )\t notic+ x4 ,two figures1 a :eelb>r[1 a spade1 a /ret* ( c\ntry1 a spire p5cill$ aga9/ a l[-tone sky2 & yet1 someh[1 y he> ! toll+ ( ! bell & ! :isp]$ pray]4 ,ah6 b y say ?is has no?+ to d ) ! treatm5t2 x is ! subject4 ,"o mom5t4 ,! mission>y's /ory is z full ( pa?os & ( human suff]+ & c\rage z ! ,angelus1 & at fir/ z pr(\ndly /irs our sympa?y2 b1 9 "o1 ,vib]t has monopoliz$ ! conv]sation2 he has exhau/$ ! subject2 he has told y ev]y?+ he kn[s4 ,no?+ has be5 omitt$2 nails1 monograms1 & all2 !re is no?+ left = y to supply--he is n s complim5t>y4 ,b ,millet has tak5 y into 8 confid5ce4 ,he says3 ,come1 see :at ,i once saw4 ,d y ev] rememb] any su* c\ple work+ 9 ! field8 ,& y imm$iately1 & unconsci\sly to y\rself1 rememb] j su* a b5t back & rev]5t1 uncov]$ head4 ,:]e1 y _c tell1 = ! picture comes to y out ( ! dim lumb]-room 9 y\r bra9 :]e y /ore y\r old memories & fa9t impressions ( bygone days & sad faces4 ,b if he add$1 ,see1 my peasant we>s a wooll5 jacket trimm$ ) wor/$ braid1 y\r impression w\ld imm$iately fade4 ,y might rememb] ! jacket1 b ! braid1 nev]4 ,b = ?is x w\ld h be5 delightful = y1 al?\gh unconsci\sly1 to add y\r own sweet memory to ! picture4 ,ano!r impression *ok$ to dea? ) unnecess>y realism4 ,b be y reali/ or impressioni/1 rememb] t a true "w ( art is t :i* has pleas$ ! greate/ numb] ( p = ! longe/ p]iod ( "t2 t ! love ( beauty indicates our highe/ intellectual plane1 & t if y w express to y\r fell[ s9n]s burd5$ ) life's c>es some?+ ( ! en?usiasm ( y\r own life1 & w assi/ !m to see _! "m e>? ?r\gh y\r own eyes 9 con/antly increas+ beauty--y hav+ by y\r art1 9 y\r possession1 ! key to ! ciph]1 & int]pret+ & translat+ = !m--y w conf] ^u !m "o ( ! greate/ bless+s :i* fall to _! lot on ?is mundane sph]e4 ,,wat]-,,colors ,color1 if y /op to ?9k1 is really ! decorative t\* :i* ,god gives to ! univ]se4 ,x w\ld h be5 j z easy to make ev]y?+ gray--e rose b ! %ad[ ( itself--e tree & rock & cl\d a monotone ( gradation4 ,in/ead ( t1 ev]y?+ we look at1 f a violet to an ov]b5d+ sky1 is enri*$ & glorifi$ by millions ( color tones z inf9ite 9 _! gradation z ! waves ( s\nd & light4 ,ev5 9 ! graye/ days1 :5 ! cl\ds are bur/+ into te>s & ! :ole l&scape is desolate z ! b>r5e/ & bleake/ ( m\nta9 sides1 ^! inf9ite gradations ( color p]meate & r$eem its b>r5ness1 & to ! true pa9t] fill x ) joy & beauty4 ,!re are _m ( u1 h[ev]1 :o are n true pa9t]s & to :om ! mo/ exquisite ( color s*emes are b dull results4 ,_m ( u walk ar\nd our gall]ies pass+ ! be/ pictures 9 sil5ce2 o!rs ridicule :at !y _c und]/&4 ,ev5 our own belov$ ,m>k ,twa91 ^: he>t 0 always op5 to ! be/ & w>me/ ( human impressions1 & :o express$ !m 9 e l9e ( 8 p51 :5 l$ up to "o ( ,turn]'s ma/]pieces1 ,! ,slave ,%ip1 a glory ( r$1 yell[1 & blue runn+ riot ov] a sunset sky1 ! :ole reflect$ 9 a tr\bl$ sea1 rem>k$ to 8 companion3 ,v wond]ful6 ,se5 x be=e4 ,always rem9ds me ( a tortoise-%ell cat hav+ a fit 9 a plate ( tomato s\p4 ,! education ( su* b>b>ians belongs to our g5]ation & %\ld be tak5 up by ^? ( u :o "k or ?9k we d4 ,= true color is z great an educator z true music4 ,?is k ( color h>mony1 ?is mat*+ & contra/+ ( diff]5t colors1 b v few m5 & wom5 possess4 ,:5 !y d1 x is g5]ally inh]it$ & ?us a natural gift4 ,! re/ ( ! _w we> blue & purple1 or orange & gre51 entirely ignorant ( ! h>monies ( nature ev5 z be>+ on _! dome/ic surr\nd+s4 ,= myself1 ,i h always held t ! mo/ p]fect h>monies requir$ 9 ei!r wall decoration1 furniture1 dress goods1 or any o!r fabrics t color ent]s into1 h _! exact c\nt]p>t 9 "s color tones ( nature--t ! russet-br[ns & yell[s ( autumn2 ! contra/+ opalesc5t hues ( a morn+ sky1 rose-p9k1 pale blue1 or delicate tea-rose yell[2 ! gloom ( a =e/ ) its yell[-grays & blue-grays1 ! gray-gre5 moss ( ! li*5s1 ! br[n ( ! tree-trunks1 ! black & gray hues ( ! rocks1 all ^!1 if c>efully /udi$ & analyz$ & reproduc$1 w\ld make beautiful any?+ 9 ! _w f a bonnet to a *ateau4 ,to illu/rate3 ,sev]al ye>s ago an intimate fri5d ( m9e1 a di/+ui%$ ar*itect ( ,new ,york1 ! late ,mr4 ,bruce ,price1 9 design+ a numb] ( cottages at ,tux$o s\ght 9 va9 = "s color mixture curr5t 9 ! pa9t-%ops ) :i* to cov] ! outside ( 8 build+s4 ,all s*emes ( br[ns1 olive-gre5s1 colonial yell[ ) :ite trimm+s & ! rev]se1 ,pompeiian r$s1 slate-grays1 & dull yell[s result$ 9 mak+ spots ( ! h\ses1 s t ! effect he wi%$ to produce1 t ( ! h\ses be+ m]g$ into ! =e/1 0 lo/4 ,mr4 ,price 0 n only an ar*itect1 b he 0 an arti/ z well4 ,he _h little skill ) 8 bru%1 b he _h t innate good ta/e1 ) a ke5 eye to disc]n ! subtle gradations 9 color1 t only ne$$ *ange ( occupation to make him a pa9t]4 ,"o day1 look+ at a new b>e wood5 cottage--unpa9t$ z yet--9 contra/ to a mass ( foliage 9 ! e>ly autumn be=e ! leaves _h begun to turn1 9 :i* ! yell[-grays "o (t5 sees pr$om9at$1 he sudd5ly ?\ght to himself3 ,! tree-trunks & und]bru% d n /& out2 !y are all ( "o piece1 ea* keep+ its place1 :ile my h\se--z he r inelegantly b =cibly express$ x--/icks up l a sore ?umb4 ,lat]1 ?is v clev] man made an analysis ( ! local color 9 ^! sev]al grays1 & 8 subsequ5t mat*+ & comb9+ ( ^! diff]5t t9ts result$ 9 ! exact tones ( ! =e/ be=e him1 & :5 ?is 0 complet$ & ! h\se pa9t$ y felt %\ld y ent] ! front door t ! leaves mu/ be ov] y\r head4 ,br++ ! discussion d[n to m practical details1 really to ! palettes :i* we hold 9 our h&s1 ! "q !n naturally arises z to h[ be/ to express true local color1 ) its v>y+ blues1 yell[s1 & r$s1 & especially its v>y+ grays4 ,9 my own exp]i5ce ,i f9d grays to be ! prevail+ tones ev]y:]e 9 nature4 ,i f9d also t ! great ma/]s ( mod]n art1 p>ticul>ly ! s*ool ( #ahcj1 kn[n z ! ,b>bizon s*ool1 & repres5t$ by su* m5 z ,r\sseau1 ,corot1 ,daubigny1 ,diaz1 & ,millet1 & lat] by m5 :o 9 "s degree repres5t t s*ool1 b to my m9d h done "w equally good--ev5 ,mont5>d & ,caz9--t all ^! ma/]s h lov$1 s\ght =1 & express$ 9 _! "w ?is all-prevail+ quality1 ! gray4 ,a few v simple rules = te/+ ! p[]1 pres5ce1 & quality ( ! prevail+ gray 9 nature are s easily le>n$ & s conv9c+ 9 _! application t once appli$ !y are nev] =gott54 ,take1 = in/ance1 a morn+ 9 late spr+ or e>ly summ]1 :5 all nature is dress$ f tree-top to grass-blade 9 a suit ( vivid gre54 ,to a tyro ) s dang]\s a weapon z a color-box1 !re is no?+ t w really br+ d[n ?is game b "s explosive compos$ ( indigo & ,indian yell[1 or ,prussian blue & light cadmium--p]haps ! /ronge/ mixture ( vivid raw gre54 ,n[1 pluck a s+le leaf f a ne>-by bran*1 hold x close to "o eye1 & ) ?is z a guide note ! diff]5ce 9 color tones betwe5 x & ! leaves on ! tree f :i* y pluck$ ! leaf & :i* y _h believ$ to be a vivid gre54 ,to y\r surprise1 ! leaf itself1 ev5 ) ! sun %9+ ?r\gh x1 is _m tones l[] & gray] ?an ! color ( ! ne>-by bran* z depict$ on y\r pap]1 :ile ! ne>-by bran*1 9 comp>ison1 pales into a sable gray-gre51 :i* y c\ld p]haps get ) yell[ o*re1 blue-black1 & a t\* ( *rome-yell[4 ,x does n seem to me t ,i c bett] illu/rate ?is quality ( ! gray ?an by rapidly go+ ov] "s ( ! works ( ,george ,inness lately on exhibition 9 ,new ,york--c]ta9ly to me ! mo/ m>vell\s examples ( ! p[] ( a human m9d to h>monize ! subtle color+s ( nature4 ,i select ,inness n only because he is to me "o ( ! great l&scape-pa9t]s ( 8 day1 b because he *ooses a v wide range ( subjects1 f e>ly morn+ to twilight1 express+ ^! tru?fully1 absolutely1 p]fectly1 s f> z local color is conc]n$--t is1 ( c\rse1 z ,i see ?r\gh ei!r my own spectacles or ,inness's2 b1 !n1 rememb]1 our eyes may ne$ repair4 ,:5 ^! canvases are analyz$ we f9d 9 ! range ( color no?+ /rong] ?an yell[ o*re 9 yell[s1 ?an light r$ 9 r$s1 &1 ) h>dly an exception1 blue-black = blues4 ,inde$1 8 usual palette1 z does ,mauve's & ,caz9's1 seems to me to be only yell[ o*re & blue-black1 & ) ^! two colors he expresses ! :ole range ( ! color s*eme 9 nature1 ) ! v>y+ lights ( day & night1 except 9 depict+ sunsets4 99 99 99 99 99 ,aft] ! sali5t features ( a l&scape h be5 analyz$ & record$ 9 color1 ! m subtle qualities are to be detect$ & express$4 ,! mo/ important ( ^! is ! "t ( day4 ,to an outdoor pa9t]--an exp]t exam9+ ! "w ( ano!r exp]t--! h\r-h& is writt5 ov] e squ>e in* ( ! canvas4 ,he kn[s f ! angle ( ! %ad[s j h[ high ! sun 0 9 ! heav5s1 & he kn[s1 too1 f ! local color ( ! %ad[s :e!r x is a silv]y light ( ! morn+1 ! gl>e ( noontime1 or ! deep5+ gold5 gl[ ( ! aft]noon4 ,9 fact1 if y w ?9k = a mom5t1 ! %ad[ ( an ov]hang+ balcony ^u a :ite wall is a p]fect sun-dial = him1 & ?is te/ c be indef9itely appli$ to e "p ( ! picture4 ,! next is ! temp]ature3 h[ hot or h[ cold x 0--:at mon? 9 ! ye>8 ,x is unnecess>y = ,inness to cov] 8 gr\nd ) sn[ to make 8 picture express a c]ta9 degree ( cold1 nei!r is x necess>y = ,mont5>d to fill 8 ,prov5cal roads ) cl\ds ( du/ to %[ h[ hot !y are4 ,?is is done by ! opalesc5t tones ( ! sky1 by ! values express$ 9 reflect$ lights & 9 ! illum9at$ %ad[s1 s t y feel 9 look+ across "o ( ,inness's fields ( br[n grass j h[ late is ! autumn & j h[ cool x has be51 & 9 look+ d[n "o ( ,mont5>d's roads y realize h[ useless w\ld be an ov]coat4 ,illu/ration3 ,"u ! ,will[s1 ,cookham-on-,?ames ,9 ?is connection let me say t all nature is int]e/+ & all nature is beautiful1 b all nature1 z ,i h said1 is n pa9table4 ,! int]ior ( a railroad /ation1 = in/ance1 is int]e/+1 z giv+ y c]ta9 me*anical results1 con/ruction1 b x is n picturesque--t is1 pa9table--unless "o c\ld treat x z ,p5nell does1 contra/+ ! black c>s & locomotive ) a puff ( :ite /eam1 giv+ ! vi/as ) ! p]spective ( track1 & a c5tre mass ( p add+ an idea ( movem5t & color4 ,above all1 ! outdoor pa9t] %\ld get ! "* & feel+ ( ! place he portrays on 8 canvas4 ,if 9 ,spa91 8 picture mu/ look l ,spa94 ,! air mu/ be transp>5t1 ! ar*itecture clean-cut aga9/ ! azure4 ,if x be ,holl&1 ! atmosph]e mu/ be moi/1 ! air l a veil1 & ) all ?is !re mu/ be no?+ 9 ! "w t w be mi/ak5 = ! smoke-lad5 air ( ,engl&4 ,only ?us1 by ?is fidelity to ! v nature & _s ( a place1 c ! picture be made to express ! ess5ce ( its life1 :i* is really ! he>t ( ! :ole my/]y4 ,com+ at la/ to our text1 ,wat]-,colors--! art ( depict+ nature on a %eet ( :ite pap] by pa9ts dilut$ ) wat]--x w be well to rem9d y t ! art goes back to almo/ prehi/oric times4 ,a few weeks ago1 9 ! libr>y ( ,mr4 ,jesse ,c>t]1 director ( ! ,am]ican ,academy 9 ,rome1 ,i saw "o ( ! e>lie/ wat]-colors 9 exi/5ce4 ,x 0 pa9t$ ^u a %eet ( slate1 &1 al?\gh "s ?\s&s ( ye>s old1 /ill reta9$ its color & rem>kable brilliancy4 ,! subject 0 a gr\p ( figures1 ! c5tre object be+ a girl ( wond]ful grace4 ,! pres5t art ( wat]-color pa9t+1 ) a %eet ( :ite pap] z backgr\nd in/ead ( ! p]man5t /one1 is1 h[ev]1 b little m ?an "o hundr$ & fifty ye>s old1 & owes its exi/5ce l>gely to ! m5 ( ! ,engli% s*ool4 ,mr4 ,c4 ,e4 ,hughes1 9 8 delightful book on ,e>ly ,engli% ,wat] ,color1 conf9$ ?is ,engli% s*ool to ! m5 born betwe5 ! ye>s #agbj & #ahbj4 ,9 ?is gr\p he places ! great ,ga9sbor\gh1 :o f #agfj to #aggd work$ 9 *>coal & wat]-color on t9t$ pap]1 :i* he said he lov$ to da% (f ( an ev5+1 & :i* dazzl$ ! f9e ladies & g5tlem5 :o frequ5t$ ! select wat]+-place ( ,ba?1 :]e he 0 !n liv+4 ,!n came ,rob]t ,coz5s1 ! bro!rs ,sanby1 ,?omas ,he>ne1 ,?omas ,malton1 ,samuel ,scott1 & a few o!rs1 all kn[n z ! eighte5?-c5tury pa9t]s4 ,^! 7 succe$$ by ,?omas ,girt91 :o 0 born 9 #agge & di$ at tw5ty-sev5 ye>s ( age2 & ! great ,j4 ,m4 ,w4 ,turn]1 :o fir/ saw ! light 9 ! same ye>1 & on ! day on :i* all great ,engli%m5 %\ld be born--namely1 ,april #bc--;a day d$icat$ to ,/4 ,george & ! bir?day ( ,william ,%akespe>e4 ,girt9 & ,turn] work$ toge!r4 ,girt91 measur$ by ! /&>d ( to-day1 0 an extreme impressioni/1 leav+ beh9d him sket*es da%$ 9 ) an appe>ance ( fre$om :i* ,pet] ,de,wint & ,david ,cox might h envi$ :5 9 aft] ye>s !y 7 at ! height ( _! p[]4 ,turn]1 on ! contr>y1 devot$ 8 "t to acquir+ t triumphant grasp ( detail :i* caus$ him to be kn[n 9 8 e>li] life z an extreme reali/4 ,! *ange 9 ,turn]'s "w--! broad] bru%--came 9 8 lat] ye>s :5 oil became 8 m$ium ( expression1 9 :i*1 no d\bt1 8 ability to note & yet sacrifice all unnecess>y detail 0 a pot5t factor4 ,a li/ ( ,engli%m5 greatly priz$ 9 _! day n[ foll[s4 ,su* m5 z ,john ,v>ly1 ,gilp91 ,glov]1 ,william ,havell 7all ( :om dur+ "s "p ( _! c>e]s 7 memb]s ( ! fir/ ,wat] ,color ,society =m$ 9 ,engl&1 9 #ahjd1 :i* body /ill survives 9 ! old ,wat] ,color ,society ^: rooms are /ill op5 on ,pall ,mall ,ea/7 rose into prom95ce1 _! works f9d+ places bo? 9 private & public collections4 ,?is society 0 9 turn succe$$ by ! ,new ,society ( ,pa9t]s 9 ,m9iature & ,wat] ,colors1 :i* came into be+ 9 #ahjg & w5t out ( exi/5ce 9 #ahab--;a victim1 says ,hughes1 ( ! condition ( public apa?y :i* br\ght ab\t 9 ! same ye> a recon/ruction ( ! old] organization "u ! jo9t title ( ! ,oil & ,wat] ,color ,society1 & :i* ek$ out a prec>i\s exi/5ce until ! bir? ( ! association n[ kn[n z ! ,royal ,in/itute = ,pa9t]s 9 ,wat] ,colors4 ,o!r names n[ confront u1 among !m two m51 ,david ,cox & ,pet] ,de,wint1 :o 9 _! day 7 consid]$ ma/]s ( ! m$ium4 ,^! la/ /ruck a new note 9 wat]-color1 or r a new te*nic 9 its h&l+4 ,:at ,rusk91 ! reali/1 9 8 ,mod]n ,pa9t]s describes z blottesque 0 at t "t look$ ^u by bo? tea*]s & /ud5ts z ! "o & only means by :i* :ite pap] c\ld be prop]ly /a9$4 ,?is me?od1 to quote f a loyal believ] 9 ! ,engli% transp>5t s*ool1 & ^: en?usiasm is delightful1 0 ! lay+ on ( ! color 9 wa%es :i* fill$ c]ta9 def9ite spaces indicat$ by a p5-&-ink outl9e4 ,^! wa%es w\ld indicate1 say1 a di/ant tree ) a prelim9>y t9t & a subsequ5t elaboration2 he w\ld d x all 9 "o process1 giv+ 8 blot an irregul> edge & all[+ ! color to accumulate :]e ! %ad[s requir$ x4 ,8 elaborative t\*es else:]e 7 ( ! same nature4 ,!y 7 bru% blots z di/9ct f wa%es4 ,to ?is1 ,i ?9k1 we may attribute on analysis ! fre$om ( h&l+ :i*--?\gh ea* man has 8 di/9ctive me?od--is *>act]i/ic ( bo? ,cox & ,de,wint4 ,if we add to ^! two me?ods ( us+ ! bru% a ?ird--its manipulation z ?\gh x 7 a p5--we %all h all ! fluid processes on "o or ! o!r ( :i* ! beauty ( all mod]n wat]-color draw+s dep5ds4 ,a f\r? process is rubb+ ! color into ! gra9 ( ! pap]4 ,a fif?--a supplem5t>y "o--is scrat*+ out4 ,la/ is ! ignom9y ( ! /ipple--! wett+ ( ! bru% 9 ! m\?1 a te*nic entirely dep5d5t ^u ! quantity ( saliva ! /ud5t c sp>e = 8 "w4 ,almo/ e e>ly wa% wat]-color 9 exi/5ce c be classifi$ accord+ to ! employm5t 9 its mak+ ( "s or all ( ^! means4 ,9 lat] ye>s1 especially 9 ! la/ half ( ! eighte5? c5tury1 we h ,copley ,field+2 ,pr\t1 ) 8 picturesque sepia draw+s1 ! detail ( 8 ar*itecture 9 br[n ink2 ,h>d+2 ,bonn+ton1 really a great man2 ,cl>kson ,/anfield2 ,r[bo?am2 ,david ,rob]ts2 ,james ,holl&2 ,catt]mole1 :o decl9$ a knigh?ood & ^: intimates 7 ,dick5s1 ,disraeli1 & ,?ack]ay2 & s on d[n to ! m5 ( to-day1 :o are s well & ably repres5t$ 9 ! annual exhibitions ( ! ,royal ,academy & ! pres5t ,engli% ,wat] ,color ,societies4 99 99 99 99 99 ,z = our own progress 9 ! art1 ! subject1 ( c\rse1 is too well kn[n = long discussion4 ,our olde/ society1 ! ,am]ican ,wat] ,color ,society1 held its fir/ public exhibition 9 ! ,national ,academy ( ,design 9 ,new ,york 9 #ahfg1 a date always rememb]$ by me ) inf9ite pride & pleasure1 = ^u ! walls ( ! smalle/ room close up "u ! ro( 0 hung my fir/ exhibit$ wat]-color--! only "o ( my ?ree ! hang+ committee 7 good en\gh to accept4 ,two ye>s lat]--,i am happy to say--9 #ahfi1 ,i 0 elect$ a memb]1 & ,i am fur!r happy to say t ,i am /ill 9 good /&+ & 9 high-hang+1 & h s cont9u$ f t day d[n to ! pres5t "t--a trifle ( "s =ty-six ye>s4 ,z to my compatriots1 ,i c tru?fully say t its memb]%ip cov]s "s ( ! great wat]-colori/s ( our own or any o!r "t1 bo? "h & abroad--m5 entirely free to d z !y pleas$1 work+ 9 any?+ & all ?+s s long z1 to use _! own expression1 !y get !re1 h&l+ body color1 9 a veil ( silv]-gray z an ov]wa% or squeez$ 9 *unks f a tube2 und]tones ( *>coal gray1 ov]tones ( pa/el--any?+ = quality4 ,_! names are legion3 ! late ,e4 ,a4 ,abbey1 ,walt] ,palm]1 ,*ase1 ! late ,rob]t ,blum1 ,f4 ,s4 ,*ur*1 ,coop]1 ,curran1 ,eaton1 ,f>r]1 ! two ,smillies1 ,*ilde ,hassam1 ,kell]1 ,murphy1 ,nicoll1 ,pot?a/1 ! late ,h5ry ,smi?1 etc41 etc4 ,^! are b a haphaz>d *oice ( ! m5 ^: "w %[s ! wide/ ranges 9 selection1 composition1 mass1 & te*nic1 & :o1 9 ! _w ( wat]-color pa9t+1 are ma/]s ( ! m$ium4 ,z to our prog5itors1 ! ,engli% wat]-color s*ool--& ,i make ! /atem5t ) e respect = _! high accompli%m5ts--:ile ,i believe we are indebt$ to !m = ! v exi/5ce ( ! art itself1 ,i mu/ say t our own m5 & art-lov]s ! _w ov] w\ld h be5 va/ly b5efit$ _h ^! ,engli%m5 all[$ !mselves a little m fre$om 9 _! me?ods & n foll[$ s bl9dly ! traditions ( _! pa/4 ,t we broke away s e>ly is z mu* a "q ( race z ( tra9+4 ,! la/ idea t ent]s ! heads ( our own m5 is t !y want ei!r to pa9t or to draw l somebody else4 ,!y all want to pa9t l !mselves1 or !y d n want to pa9t at all4 ,!y are s _m art sponges4 ,!y g abroad1 w&] ab\t ! ,grosv5or & ! exhibitions1 run ov] to ,p>is & haunt ! ,salon & %ops1 & s on to ,muni* & ,b]l91 pick+ up a te*nical t\* "h or a new idea ( gr\p+ or mass or color s*eme !re1 & !n1 hav+ ?or\ghly absorb$ x all1 return home & use :atev] suits !m2 b a slavi% imitation ( any "o ,engli%1 ,fr5*1 or ,g]man ma/]--nev]2 nei!r d !y foll[ any o!r bru% at home4 ,!y d n believe 9 ea* o!r suffici5tly to pay ! highe/ =m ( flatt]y--imitation4 ,nor d _m ( !m f9d _! subjects abroad--a habit practis$ ^! _m ye>s by y\r humble speak]1 ^: only excuse is t he mu/ pa9t1 no matt] :]e he is1 & t 8 life 9 ! summ]-"t is dom9at$ by 8 two *ildr51 bo? exiles1 & m exact+ly /ill 9 late ye>s by two little gr&boys :o h n z yet cross$ ! ocean4 ,no1 ^! "y ,am]ican pa9t]s1 ) h>dly an exception1 f9d _! subjects at home1 & !y *oose wisely4 ,& j "h x c be said t if we are ev] to h a s*ool t w leave its impress on ! art ( ! _w1 ! task w be ! easi] if our m5 f9d _! subjects at home--if !y w %[ our own p ! beauty1 dignity1 & gr&eur ( ! mat]ial t lies "u _! v eyes1 & also tea* ^? fell[s on ! o!r side to respect u1 bo? because we c pa9t & because we h ! ?+s to pa9t f4 ,) a m\nta9 & riv] sc5]y unrivall$ on ! globe2 ) rock-b\nd coa/s break+ ! full surge ( an ocean2 ) =e/s ( t[]+ trees comp>$ to :i* 9 gir? & height ! trees ( all o!r l&s are b too?picks2 ) pla9s end+ 9 films ( blue haze & valleys sp>kl+ ) myriads ( wat]falls2 ) e type ( ! human race bl5d$ 9 our own1 or di/9ct z are ! woodman ( ,ma9e & ! s(t-ey$ mulatto ( ,l\isiana2 ) a hi/ory fill$ ) traditions mo/ romantic--,aztec1 ,indian1 & negro2 ) wom5 :o move l ,greek goddesses & *ildr5 ^: faces are div9e1 :y g away f home to f9d some?+ to pa9t8 ,w9sl[ ,hom] nev] did1 & t's :y 8 "w w live :5 ! pa9t]s ( ,egyptian h>ems1 ,spani% danc]s1 & ,dut* & ,v5etian boats & palaces are =gott54 ,to take a specific example or two1 :at subject1 = in/ance1 is m wor?y ( a great ma/]'s bru% ?an ,hom]'s ,und]t[1 two half-dr[n$ "y ba!rs lock$ 9 ea* o!r's arms1 ! two bea*m5 dragg+ !m cle> ( ! mighty1 blue-gre5 wave curv+ beh9d !m8 ,"h is a subject ( almo/ weekly occurr5ce on our coa/4 ,:o ev] ?\ght ( pa9t+ x be=e8 ,& t m>vell\s picture ( ,! ,cotton ,pick]s4 ,?is1 to me1 0 ! fir/ cle> note ,hom] _h s\nd$4 ,! ,prison]s to ! ,front1 pa9t$ j aft] ! w>1 0 a /rong1 reali/ic picture1 true & =ceful 9 color & composition1 &1 ( c\rse1 admirable 9 draw+1 b t 0 all4 ,x told its /ory at once1 & hav+ he>d x to ! end y ackn[l$g$ its tru? & w5t away cont5t4 ,b ,! ,cotton ,pick]s left some?+ m 9 y\r m9d4 ,! gray dawn ( ! morn+ dimly light$ up a field ( cotton1 ! negro qu>t]s on ! horizon l9e2 dott$ "h & !re1 b5d+ ov] ! bolls1 7 gr\ps ( negroes1 s+ly & 9 pairs1 fill+ _! bags2 9 ! =egr\nd walk$ two "y negro girls1 ! =emo/ a d>k mulatto--! :ole /ory ( ,s\!rn slav]y writt5 9 e l9e ( h] pati5t1 uncompla9+ face4 ,?is picture alone plac$ ,hom] 9 ! fir/ rank ( ,am]ican pa9t]s ( 8 day1 & he has nev] lo/ ?is place1 = n only 0 ! picture all x %\ld be 9 composition & mass1 b1 unlike _m ( ,hom]'s pictures ( an e>li] p]iod1 x 0 delici\sly gray & cool 9 tone4 ,x places him also 9 ! front rank ( ! pa9t]s ( our "t4 ,jules ,breton nev] gave u any?+ m pleas+1 & nev] any?+ /rong] 9 draw+1 m true to life1 or m poetic 9 conception & treatm5t4 ,i m5tion ,breton because1 ( ! m5 on ! o!r side1 he is ! only "o :o affects1 s to speak1 a simil> l9e ( subjects4 ,breton loves 8 peasants & pa9ts !m z if he did4 ,hom] lov$ 8 subjects entirely 9 ! same _s4 ,h[ unequally ! two m5 h be5 rew>d$ y all "k4 ,an all-wise ,am]ican :o "s ye>s ago (f]$ #dj1jjj = a ,breton at auction c\ld n at ! "t h be5 induc$ to give "o-t5? ( t am\nt = a ,hom]2 & yet1 = vigor1 tru?1 s5tim5t1 & te*nic--yes1 te*nic1 = ?is picture 0 sup]bly pa9t$--,! ,cotton ,pick]s1 9 my judgm5t1 w outlive ! o!r if ! "t %\ld ev] come :5 picture-buy]s ?9k = !mselves4 ,! ,engli%man1 on ! o!r h&1 is ! h>de/ man to pull out ( a groove4 ,:at has be5 is good en\gh = him1 :e!r 9 ar*itecture1 art1 politics1 or gov]nm5t4 ,any "o :o objects1 or seeks to improve or to po9t out a new & diff]5t way1 is ana!ma4 ,x is h>dly m ?an tw5ty ye>s ago t ,john ,s>g5t1 ^: works are (t5 ! /ronge/ draw+ c>d 9 ! annual exhibitions1 0 ignor$ by ! jury ( ! ,royal ,academy4 ,a slap-da% sort ( a pa9t]1 my de> boy4 ,mo/ dang]\s to all[ 8 ?+s to come 94 ,no draw+1 y "k1 no f9i%--altoge!r out ( ! "q4 ,s spoke a ,royal ,academician :5 ! "q 0 broa*$4 ,:i/l] nev] f\nd a vacant spot1 no matt] h[ high1 :]e he c\ld hang ev5 a #aj x #ad4 ,a m\ntebank 9 pa9t1 my de> sir4 ,?9k ( giv+ him a place alongside ( ,sir ,fr$]ick ,leighton6 ,impossible6 ,absolutely impossible6 ,t ! ,luxemb\rg exhibit$ 8 portrait ( 8 "m1 & t ! art critics ( ,europe vot$ x "o ( ! greate/ portraits ( mod]n times1 made no diff]5ce4 ,^! ,royal wiseacres knew bett]4 ,"s ( !m /ill ?9k !y "k bett]1 a fact easily asc]ta9$ :5 y walk ?r\gh ! ,exhibition1 z ,i d e summ]1 & h cont9u$ to d = ! pa/ ?irty ye>s4 ,& ?is adh]5ce to tradition is n conf9$ entirely to te*nic--,i ref] n[ to _m ( ! ,engli% pa9t]s ( to-day--b appe>s 9 _! *oice ( subjects z well4 ,x is ! subjects :i* h be5 successful--t is1 :i* h be5 sold--t mu/ be pa9t$ ov] & ov]4 ,any?+ new is a dep>ture1 & a dep>ture f ! /&>d 9 ! selection ( a subject is z dang]\s z a dep>ture 9 ! cut ( a coat or ! color ( "o's gloves--or 0 z dang]\s until ,s>g5t1 ,abbey1 ,frank ,brangwyn1 & m5 ( t ilk sma%$ ! curr5t idols & taught m5 a new religion4 ,a small congregation1 x is true1 b big en\gh = !m to ga!r toge!r to s+ hymns ( praise & pray = bett] ?+s4 ,let me illu/rate :at ,i mean by con=m+ to ! /&>d4 ,?ree ye>s ago ,i 0 pa9t+ ne> a village1 an h\r f ,padd+ton--a lovely spot on ! ,riv] ,?ames4 ,?is qua9t settlem5t is "o ( ^? little1 wat]side1 old-fa%ion$-inn places1 all droop+ trees1 punts1 millions ( roses1 tumble-d[n cottages1 /ret*es ( mead[s ) ! silv] ?read ( ! ,?ames gli/5+ 9 ! sunlight4 ,!re is also a bridge1 a wond]ful old brick bridge1 /epp+ across on ?ree ar*es1 m\ld-incru/$1 black5$ by "t1 masses ( gre5 ru%es clu/]$ ab\t its feet--a mo/ picturesque & lovable bridge1 kn[n to ab\t ev]ybody :o has ev] visit$ t section ( ,engl&4 ,i _h be5 !re = a week1 mak+ my headqu>t]s at ! ,:ite ,h>t1 :5 my att5tion 0 attract$ to a man across ! riv]--x is q n>r[ "h--a pa9t]1 evid5tly1 :o seem$ to be surr\nd$ by a collection ( canvases4 ,he w5t ?r\gh ! same motions e day1 & !n my curiosity got ! bett] ( me & ,i w5t ov] to see him4 ,spread out on ! grass lay eight canvases1 all ( "o size1 & ea* "o conta9+ a picture ( ! old brick bridge4 ,b :y eight all alike8 ,i ask$ 9 a/oni%m5t4 ,because ,i c't sell any?+ else4 ,i am kn[n z ! ,sonn+ ,bridge pa9t]4 ,i've be5 at x = tw5ty ye>s4 ,x is ) ?is sort ( ?+1 ei!r 9 ! selection ( a subject1 9 its treatm5t1 or 9 its h&l+1 t ,i h b little sympa?y1 ev5 ?\gh ! great ,rusk91 9 speak+ ( ?is same ,engli% wat]-color s*ool1 ! "o ,i h catalogu$ = y1 insi/s t x is ! only true s*ool ( l&scape :i* has yet exi/$1 an appreciation :i* is foll[$ by ! outbur/ t f ! la/ l&scape ( ,t9toret1 if we look = life we w pass at once to ! fir/ l&scape ( ,turn]4 ,x is1 ( c\rse1 only "o ( ,rusk9's dictatorial /atem5ts1 admirable :5 writt51 because x 0 read & approv$ by a class :o knew no bett] & :o accept$ 8 words z o!r bl9d devotees obey$ ! ,delphic ,oracle--/atem5ts1 h[ev]1 :i* are reject$ by _m ( to-day :o ?9k = !mselves & :o ?9k cle>ly1 hav+ ! _w's "w spread op5 be=e !m f :i* to judge4 ,once 9 w&]+ ar\nd ! ,academia ( ,v5ice1 tak+ 9 = ! fiftie? "t ,titian's ma/]piece1 ,i came across an ,engli%man :o _h paus$ 9 8 walk & 0 adju/+ 8 long-di/ance telescope--a monocle glu$ j "u 8 left eyebr[4 ,mi/ak+ my r$-back$ sket*-book = a ,ba$ek]1 he said1 9 an apologetic tone3 ,p>don me--,i've left m9e at home--b w y be good en\gh to tell me :at ,mr4 ,rusk9 says ab\t t picture8 99 99 99 99 99 ,t ,i h p]sonally refus$ to foll[ ei!r ,mr4 ,rusk9 or ! example ( ! m5 he places on s high a p9nacle--,i am n[ ref]r+ entirely to _! te*nic--is due to my hav+ pa9t$ all my life out-(-doors1 ! be/ place 9 :i* a man c /udy nature at close range4 ,?is exp]i5ce has taught me t weight & solidity are z important 9 ! r5d]+ ( a natural object z air & p]spective1 & t ! /a9+ ( pap] ) wa%es ( transp>5t color does n & _c give !m4 ,nor c any brilliant light1 a crisp1 snapp+ light--a gl9t ( ! sun's rays1 = in/ance1 on ! break ( ! surf1 or on ! r\nd ( a glossy leaf1 reflect+ l a mirror ! opaque sky--ev] be a*iev$ by c>eful work+ ar\nd ! edges ( an unwa%$ speck ( pap]--! transp>5t man's only means ( express+ a high light4 ,nor w a s+le dab ( ,*9ese :ite produce ! effect ( x1 %\ld x be ! only dab ( opaque :ite 9 ! composition4 ,! result 9 ?is case is /ill worse1 = if transp>5t color has any value :5 uni=mly di/ribut$ x is 9 ! expression ( air & p]spective4 ,! dab1 !n1 is in/antly out ( plane1 z x comes ne>] to ! eye ?an ! transp>5t wa% ab\t x1 & ! illusion ( di/ance is accord+ly lo/4 ,b ano!r & q a diff]5t ?+ occurs :5 ! opaque color =ms "p ( ! :ole1 ! two sy/ems bl5d+ ea* ) ! o!r4 ,to illu/rate1 my own exp]i5ce has taught me t 9 nature :atev] ! sun %9es ^u is opaque4 ,! facade ( a ca!dral1 = in/ance1 fac+ a sky :]e ! rays ( ! sun /rike x full is opaque1 :ile ! angles ( ! ar*itecture1 ca/+ %ad[s l>ge & small into :i* s9k ! blue reflections ( ! sky or ! reflect$ lights f ne>-by objects1 are inv>iably transp>5t4 99 99 99 99 99 ,& n[ = my own sy/em & ! reasons :y ,i h ab&on$ all o!r sy/ems4 ,& 9 giv+ !m to y ,i want to repeat :at ,i said 9 ! beg9n+ ( ?is c\rse1 t ,i d n ask y /ud5ts to foll[ 9 my foot/eps if y\r pr$ilections1 tra9+1 & innate consci5ces lead y to a diff]5t view ( treatm5t4 ,_m ( y may n l my "w at all1 & y c]ta9ly h a l>ge foll[+1 especially among ! y\ng] m5 & wom5 :o h advanc$ ideas4 ,_m ( y hold to ! op9ion t wat]-color m5 %\ld /ick to _! trade & n encroa* ^u ! oil pa9t]s 9 _! te*nic4 ,& _m ( y may at he>t pref]1 nay1 ev5 delight 91 ! broad1 loose wa%es ( ! e>ly ,engli% s*ool4 ,!re may be a few ( y1 h[ev]1 :o h op5 m9ds free f prejudice & free f ! traditions ( ! pa/1 & :o are dissatisfi$ ) ! want ( virility1 if ,i may s express x1 %[n 9 pictures pa9t$ on :ite pap]1 & ) successive wa%+s1 & may accord+ly see some?+ 9 my own me?ods :i* may enc\rage y to foll[ 9 ! pa? :i* ,i h cle>$ & :i* ,i humbly tru/ w lead to inf9itely bett] results ?an ,i h s f> a*iev$4 ,& 9 ?is y mu/ h ! c\rage ( y\r op9ions & be prep>$ = criticisms4 ,^? :o are aga9/ me are m num]\s ?an ^? :o are = me & my me?ods4 ,only la/ mon? a di/+ui%$ ,new ,york daily pap]1 9 review+ a rec5t exhibition1 said3 ,!re really is no?+ left to say ab\t ,mr4 ,smi?'s wat]-colors4 ,!y appe> ) su* unfail+ regul>ity & are always s mu* ! same4 ,no?+ 9 ! pres5t collection w surprise ^? :o "k 8 "w--& :o does n8 ,! arti/'s facility is undim9i%$1 8 indu/ry untir+1 b to look = any fre% inspiration 9 8 "w or a h9t ( any?+ b a conv5tional vision has long be5 a va9 hope4 ,i %\ld be disc\rag$ if ,i ?\ght t ?is 0 ! la/ ^w on my "w4 ,i "k bett]1 because ,i am mak+ a collection ( su* criticisms1 %[+ ! rat+ ( our sev]al pa9t]s4 ,^! summ+s up ( m9e w be extremely valuable z m>k+ ! *ang+ ta/e ( ! public2 = ,i h nev] suppos$ t ei!r ill w or d[nright ignorance =m$ ! basis ( curr5t criticism4 ,! critics are m]ely express+ ! tr5d ( public op9ion4 ,x is n new to our age4 ,diaz1 s "o /ory goes1 once came /ump+ 7he _h lo/ "o leg7 into ,millet's cottage at ,b>bizon fre% f ! ,salon4 ,millet _h be5 pa9t+ nudes--! mo/ exquisite bits ( fle%-pa9t+ se5 = _m a day1 & z mode/ z ,*abas ,septemb] ,morn4 ,:at d !y say ( my ?+s8 ask$ ,millet4 ,t y are /ill pa9t+ nak$ wom51 repli$ ,diaz4 ,millet 0 horrifi$4 ,i pa9t nak$ wom56 ,i nev] pa9t$ "o 9 my life4 ,h5ce ,! ,angelus & ,! ,s[]s & ! o!r ma/]pieces ( clo!d peasants4 ,9 #ahbe ,con/able writes 9 answ] to a scurril\s attack made on 8 s-call$ pu]ile ef=ts3 ,rememb] ! great 7 n made = me1 nor 0 ,i = ! great4 ,my limit$ & ab/ractive art is to be f\nd "u e h$ge & 9 e lane1 & !re=e nobody ?9ks x wor? :ile pick+ up4 ,my art flatt]s nobody by imitation3 x c\rts nobody by smoo?ness3 x tickles nobody by polit5ess3 x is )\t ei!r fol-de-rol or fiddle-de-dee4 ,h[ c ,i hope to be popul>8 ,rusk9's attack on ,:i/l] is ano!r case 9 po9t4 ,a lawsuit foll[$ & ,:i/l] recov]$ "o f>?+ damages1 & _h ! effront]y to dangle x "u ! great critic's nose t same night at a reception :]e !y bo? met1 foll[$ by ! rem>k3 ,beat y1 old man4 ,ev5 ,mr4 ,?ack]ay w5t out ( 8 way 9 8 art notes to belittle & ridicule ,sir ,?omas ,lawr5ce because he lack$ :at he call$ ! virility ( 8 prog5itors & associates4 99 99 99 99 99 ,& n[ = my own sy/em4 ,i use a heavy1 gray *>coal pap]1 :i* is made by ,dupre ,company1 ,no4 #ada ,faub\rg ,/4 ,honore1 ,p>is1 & :i* co/s ab\t t5 c5ts p] %eet1 measur+ ab\t #dj x #cj in*es ea*4 ,?is pap] is ev5ly ribb$ b )\t ! int]mitt5t b&s se5 (t5 9 ! light] *>coal pap]1 kn[n z ,mi*elet1 sold ev]y:]e 9 our own art /ores4 ,dupre w s5d ?is pap] to anybody :o applies = x4 ,?is pap] ,i wet on bo? sides & ?umb-tack ov] an oil canvas ! size ( ! picture to be pa9t$4 ,x dries tight z a drum1 & ! canvas back+ protects x f puncture or o!r injury4 ,on ?is surface ,i make a full & complete draw+ 9 *>coal ( ! subject be=e me1 n 9 outl9e1 b 9 /rong d>ks1 jet-black1 _m ( !m--a f9i%$ draw+ really1 9 *>coal1 :i* c\ld be sign$ & fram$4 ,?is is !n fix$ by a spray ( alcohol & gum %ellac1 ?r[n by means ( a common p]fume atomiz]1 ! :ole app>atus co/+ less ?an "o ,am]ican doll>4 ,on ?is ,i beg9 my color s*eme 9 bo? opaque & transp>5t color1 recogniz+ ! natural facts already expla9$ to y1 t is1 ! skies & high lights be+ solidly opaque1 ! %ad[s be+ equally transp>5t4 ,?is process requires c]ta9 modifications to be made 9 ! d>ks ( ! orig9al draw+4 ,! d5se black %ad[ "u ! eaves ( a ro(1 = in/ance1 are n 9 nature z black z ! *>coal1 b p]haps a ri*1 w>m br[n4 ,if ! gr\nd is 9 sunlight1 x is a dull1 gold5 yell[ & reflects ! yell[ gl[ ( ! s& b5ea?4 ,or x may be a blue reflection1 or ev5 ( a r$di% tone4 ,^! h>d blacks !n mu/ be glaz$ 9 su* a way z to pres]ve ! p[] ( ! %ad[ obta9$ by means ( ! "u *>coal1 & yet keep x transp>5t 7all %ad[s be+ transp>5t7 & at ! same "t pres]ve its true & prop] t9t4 ,?is glaze is done by us+ ! ?ree semi-opaque prim>y pigm5ts--f\nd 9 e color-box--namely3 ,light r$1 ,cobalt-blue1 ,yell[ o*re4 ,^! colors1 ( c\rse1 =m ! basis ( all int]m$iate tones1 & f !m all int]m$iate tones c be made4 ,^! ?ree colors are at ! same "t semi-opaque1 _! opacity be+ j suffici5t to t9t ! h>d black ( ! coal1 :ile nev] clogg+ or muddy+ its transp>5cy4 ,s x is ) ! millions ( o!r tones 9 ! :ole composition1 :5 su* p]fectly transp>5t colors z br[n madd]1 ,indian yell[1 & indigo are us$ z a glaze1 alt]+ & modify+ ! und]tone ( *>coal to any desir$ t9t & at ! same "t pres]v+ ! all-important ?+--its transp>5cy4 ,9 conclusion1 let me say t ,i fully recognize t ,i am address+ /ud5ts ^: tra9+ enables !m to und]/& p]fectly ?is explanation1 & t fur!r in/ructions are !re=e unnecess>y4 ,"o ?+1 h[ev]1 may be acc5tuat$1 & t is ! use ( pl5ty ( clean wat]4 ,ano!r is t y %\ld keep y\r palettes sep>ate4 ,= myself1 ,i make use ( a common :ite metallic d9n]-plate1 kn[n z iron-/one *9a1 co/+ ano!r t5 c5ts1 = my sky-palette1 squeez+ ! color-tubes 9 a r[ ar\nd its edge & my ,*9ese :ite bel[ !m on "o side t[>d ! bottom4 ,= my transp>5t palette1 ,i use an ord9>y moi/ sixte5-pan color-box1 be+ always c>eful nev] to blur x ) ev5 a bru% /roke ( body color 7,*9ese :ite72 & = my opaque "w1 an oval :ite metal palette1 ) ?umb-hole1 & ind5tations ar\nd its edge into :i* ,i squeeze ! cont5ts ( my moi/ wat]-color tubes1 my ,*9ese :ite be+ heap$ up 9 a little m\nd ne> my ?umb4 ,! result may be se5 9 "s ( ! illu/rations accompany+ ?is text4 ,,*>coal ,be=e go+ into ! value ( *>coal z a m$ium 9 ! record+ ( ! v>i\s aspects ( nature 9 black-&-:ite1 x w be wise to review ! sev]al m$iums 9 g5]al use1 namely1 et*+1 p5 & ink1 li?ographic crayon1 & *>coal gray 9 connection ) ,*9ese :ite2 x w be well1 also1 to note ! v>i\s me*anical processes 9 use = ! reproductions ( ^! draw+s on :ite pap]4 ,^? ( y :o h se5 ! e>ly illu/ration 9 ,h>p]'s ,magaz9e ( ! late fifties w recall ! "w ( ,porte ,crayon 7,colonel ,/ro!r71 drawn on wood by ! arti/ & engrav$ by su* m5 z ,a4 ,v4 ,s4 ,an?ony & ,john ,s>ta94 ,y w also recall h[ "s tw5ty-five ye>s lat] an effective & m>vell\s *ange took place 9 ! quality ( ^! reproductions1 be+ by f> ! mo/ unique & rapid 9 ! hi/ory ( any art ( ! c5tury4 ,9 less ?an t5 ye>s1 betwe5 #ahgf & #ahhf1 came ?is sudd5 awak5+ to ! necessity ( bett] "w f ! bur91 foll[$ by an enorm\s comm]cial dem& = su* results1 until by common cons5t ! ,am]ican engrav] fir/ rivall$ & !n surpass$ ! _w4 ,if we se>* = ! cause we f9d t1 l _m o!r inv5tions develop+ o!rs ( /ill great] importance1 z ! telegraph develop$ ! telephone1 electric light1 & ! phonograph1 ?is m>vell\s *ange is due entirely to ! discov]y & possibility ( photograph+ direct f ! orig9al ^u ! boxwood itself1 produc+ ) an in/ant's exposure a complete reproduction ( ! orig9al draw+1 ) all its texture1 gradation1 & quality1 n only do+ away entirely ) ! int]m$iate draftsman1 z 0 ! case ) ,porte ,crayon's "w1 b obta9+ a result impossible to ! mo/ skilful ( ! arti/s on wood ( 8 day4 ,ano!r important feature 9 ! discov]y 0 ! possibility ( r$uc+ a draw+ to any size requir$1 ?us fitt+ x exactly to ! necessities ( ! pr9t$ page4 ,be=e ^! discov]ies1 z y well "k1 f ! "t ( ,alb]t ,du]] d[n to ,l9ton & engrav]s ( 8 s*ool1 ! orig9al draw+ ( ! pa9t] 0 r$rawn by ! use ( lead-p5cil1 ,*9ese :ite1 & ,india-ink wa%es ^u ! wood itself1 giv+ z close an imitation z possible ( ! orig9al4 ,"s pa9t]s--illu/rators1 if y please1 9 ^? e>ly days--9 fact1 made _! orig9al designs direct ^u ! wood4 ,! effects ( light & d>k 7 !n cut out 9 l9es1 curv$ or o!rwise1 ) suitable cross-hat*+s1 z ! necessity ( ! draw+ requir$1 or left comp>atively unt\*$4 ,x is n my purpose to discuss "h ! diff]5t m]its ( ! diff]5t s*ools4 ,!re are v>ieties ( op9ion reg>d+ ! excell5ce ( ! l9e comp>$ ) ! te*nic 9 ! mod]n s*ool ( engrav]s4 ,by ! mod]n s*ool ,i mean ! "w ( su* m5 z ,cole1 ,yu5gl+1 ,wolff1 ,fr5*1 ,smi?wick1 & o!rs4 ,i ref] to !m t ,i may acc5t ! /rong] ! m$ium :i* is ! subject-matt] ( ?is talk1 namely1 *>coal1 9 ! hope t ^? ( y :o propose to make reproductive illu/rations y\r life-"w may be tempt$ to make use ( *>coal z a m$ium ?r\gh :i* to express y\r ideas & ideals4 ,b be=e emb>k+ on ?is phase ( my subject x may be int]e/+ = a mom5t to g a little deep] into ! e>li] /ages ( ?is m>vell\s *ange f boxwood to z9c4 ,i rememb] di/9ctly ! beg9n+s ( an organization well kn[n 9 ,new ,york1 & p]haps to _m ( y1 z ! ,tile ,club1 to :i* organization ,i c consci5ti\sly say z mu* cr$it is due = ?is revival 9 wood-engrav+ z to any o!r4 ,n t good wood-engrav]s did n exi/ be=e its "t1 & n because x conta9$ wood-engrav]s1 = ! club did n h ! "n ( "o among its memb]%ip1 b z conta9+ a gr\p ( pa9t]s :o = ! fir/ "t 9 aid ( ! art ( wood-engrav+ 9 ?is c\ntry l5t _! names & bru%es to an illu/rat$ magaz9e4 ,up to t "t !re _h be5 a wide gulf exi/+ betwe5 ! ord9>y draftsman on wood & a pa9t]4 ,?is did n proce$ f ! preval5ce ( a c]ta9 disease among ! pa9t]s1 kn[n at ! pres5t "t z an enl>g$ head1 b f ! fact t no arti/ accu/om$ to free-h& draw+ & at lib]ty to w&] all ov] 8 canvas at w w\ld br+ himself d[n to work+ ?r\gh a magnify+-glass1 a necessity1 (t51 9 transf]r+ a draw+ to wood4 ,) ?is discov]y1 h[ev]1 ( mak+ available ev5 ! r\ghe/ draw+1 ! simple/ blot 9 color or a scrat* 9 *>coal1 & photograph+ its exact textures ^u a wood5 block1 ! cam]a r$uc+ x 9 size & ?us p]fect+ x1 ! arti/ imm$iately took ! place ( ! draftsman1 & at ! same "t introduc$ into ! "w an arti/ic quality1 a da%1 a vim & _s entirely unkn[n be=e4 ,?ree ?+s 7 ne$$ to utilize ?is m>vell\sly useful discov]y3 fir/1 a pa9t] ( rank2 second1 an engrav] :o c\ld express ! textures & te*nics ( ! sev]al arti/s--t is1 reproduce ! exact values ( an orig9al 9 wa%1 an orig9al 9 *>coal1 or an orig9al 9 oil2 & ?ird1 a magaz9e ) suffici5t capital1 ta/e1 & intellig5ce to reproduce ^! results ^u a pr9t$ page4 ,we _h ! pa9t]s1 & ! engrav]s develop$ rapidly4 ,! ?ird requirem5t1 ( ta/e & intellig5ce1 0 f\nd 9 ,mr4 ,a4 ,w4 ,drake1 !n art director ( ,scribn]'s ,mon?ly1 &1 aft] its m]g+ into ! ,c5tury1 ! di/+ui%$ art director ( ! ,c5tury ,magaz9e4 ,:5 ! ,tile ,club 0 =m$ 9 ,new ,york x consi/$ ( a gr\p ( m5 7,i 0 its scullion = sev5 ye>s1 its entire life1 &1 be+ ?us an honor$ s]vant1 0 famili> ) its _m affairs7 :o repres5t$ at ! "t ! lead+ spirits ( ! diff]5t s*ools3 ,william ,m4 ,*ase1 ,ar?ur ,qu>tley1 ,swa9 ,gif=d1 ,a4 ,b4 ,fro/1 ,george ,mayn>d1 ,frank ,d4 ,millet1 ,ald5 ,weir1 ,edw9 ,a4 ,abbey1 ,*>les ,s4 ,re9h>t1 ,elihu ,v$d]1 ,william ,g$ney ,bunce1 ,/an=d ,:ite1 ,augu/us ,sa9t-,gaud5s1 & "o or two o!rs4 ,! club 0 limit$ to eighte5 memb]s1 !re be+ twelve pa9t]s & six musicians4 ,if ,i am n v mu* mi/ak51 n a s+le pa9t] ( ?is gr\p _h ev] drawn ^u a wood5 block1 & yet ea* "o ( !m1 z ! records ( our p]iodicals h %[n1 0 admirably qualifi$ = illu/rative "w4 ,at ! "t1 ! illu/rations 9 ,h>p]'s & ,scribn]'s1 comp>$ ) ! illu/rations ( to-day1 rem9d$ "o ( ! e>ly prim]s ( ! ,new ,engl& s*ools1 ) _! improbable trees & impossible animals4 ,i rememb] di/9ctly ! fir/ meet+ ( ! ,tile ,club1 9 :i* ! subject ( draw+ = ,scribn]'s ,mon?ly 0 fir/ moot$1 & ,i d n believe ,i ov]e/imate ! importance t ! position ( ! club1 tak5 at t "t1 has _h & /ill has--n z a club1 = x 0 dissolv$ "s ye>s back--9 ! influ5ce its p]sonal art has wield$ ^u ! pr9t$ pages ( ! day4 ,! fir/ magaz9e article 0 ! acc\nt ( a trip t we made d[n on ,long ,isl&1 illu/rat$ by ! club1 entitl$ ,! ,tile ,club ,abroad1 ea* man *oos+ 8 own m$ium--oil1 *>coal1 wat]-color1 etc42 ! results ( :i* 7 publi%$ 9 ! !n ,scribn]'s ,magaz9e1 & engrav$ by a gr\p ( m5 :o aft]w>d plac$ ! art ( wood-engrav+ 9 ,am]ica side by side ) ! be/ ef=ts ev] obta9$ by ! ,engli% & ,g]man p]iodicals1 & "o ( :om1 ,yu5gl+1 took ! gold m$al ( excell5ce bo? 9 ,p>is & ,muni*4 ,) ?is diff]5ce 9 textures1 ! diff]5ce betwe5 a draw+ 9 *>coal & "o made 9 oil1 x became necess>y to inv5t new modes ( expression ) ! bur94 ,a simple l9e :i* might express ! r\nd ( ! *eek or ! fulness ( ! arm1 & :i* w\ld answ] = ! uni=m drap]y ( ! old s*ool1 w\ld n s]ve to expla9 ! subtle quality ( "o ( ,qu>tley's moonrises or ! vigor & da% ( "o ( ,*ase's outdoor figures sket*$ 9 oil4 ,s x came ab\t t 9 se>*+ to express ^! new qualities1 nev] be=e se5 ^u a block1 ! te*nic ( ! new s*ool 0 develop$4 ,! next important result 0 ! creat+ n only ( a new s*ool ( wood-engrav+1 b ( an entirely di/9ct dep>tm5t = art work]s1 ! s*ool ( ! illu/rator2 & s we h ,abbey1 ,re9h>t1 ,qu>tley1 &1 lat]1 ,*ur*1 ,sm$ley1 ,dana ,gibson1 & doz5s ( o!rs ^: names w readily come to y\r m9ds & ( ^: c>e]s ,i h already spok54 ,b ! bur9 0 too sl[1 ev5 9 ! h&s ( ! skilful engrav]1 = ! necessities ( ! h\r4 ,x 0 also too exp5sive2 a draw+ :i* a magaz9e w\ld pay ! arti/ #ej = w\ld (t5 co/ #bjj to engrave 9 ! h&s ( a ma/] l ,yu5gl+ or ,cole4 ,aga9 photography 0 call$ into use4 ,! /raight process1 s call$1 ( ! phototype pr9t]1 reproduc+ a p5-&-ink l9e draw+ on a z9c plate :i* c\ld be imm$iately run ?r\gh a ,hoe process1 0 p]fect$4 ,y all rememb]1 d\btless1 an illu/rat$ daily publi%$ 9 ,new ,york1 call$ ,! ,daily ,graphic1 illu/rat$ by ?is process4 ,?is process1 h[ev]1 0 only possible :]e p5-&-ink draw+ or a v co>se lead-p5cil draw+ 0 us$ 9 mak+ ! orig9al1 because x 0 necess>y t spaces ( :ite %\ld exi/ betwe5 ea* sep>ate l9e or mass ( black4 ,?is process1 h[ev]1 utt]ly fail$ 9 all ,india-ink draw+s4 ,:]e ^! draw+s cov]$ ! :ite ( ! pap]1 if ev] s delicately1 ! result 0 a d5se black ^u ! plate4 ,!n came a race betwe5 all ! inv5tors int]e/$ 9 su* discov]ies1 bo? "h & abroad--a race to p]fect a process :i* w\ld produce f su* wa% draw+s an exact reproduction ^u ! pr9t$ page1 giv+ all ! gradations ( ! orig9al & do+ away n only ) ! draftsman b ) ! wood-engrav]4 ,to ,pr(essor ,vogel1 ( ,b]l91 ,i believe--al?\gh an ,am]ican1 ,ives1 claims x1 & "s say ju/ly--is due ! cr$it ( p]fect+ :at is kn[n z ! half-tone1 or scre5 process3 _m o!rs claim t ,h]r ,meis5ba* fir/ p]fect$ ?is mo/ important discov]y4 ,z ! wa% draw+ _h no l9es1 & z x is absolutely necess>y t photo-pr9t+ %\ld h l9es--t is1 clean spaces ( black betwe5 :ite--^! l9es 7 suppli$ by lay+ a %eet ( plate glass ov] ! draw+ ^u :i* ! l9es 7 cut by a diamond & ?r\gh :i* ! orig9al c\ld be cle>ly se54 ,( c\rse1 ! light fall+ ^u ! edges ( ^! sev]al diamond cutt+s made little po9ts ( brilliant :ite betwe5 :i* ! sev]al blacks & :ites c\ld be se54 ,?is1 )\t go+ v mu* fur!r into ! me*anical details1 is ! basis ( ! half-tone process4 ,:ile ?is _h its value1 x _h also its dem]its1 "o ( :i* 0 ! total ext]m9ation ( ! ,am]ican wood-engrav]1 except = a few m5 l ,timo?y ,cole1 ^: g5ius & skill made x possible = !m1 by ! excell5ce ( _! "w1 to survive ! great diff]5ce betwe5 tw5ty c5ts a squ>e in* = transf]r+ on z9c & tw5ty doll>s a squ>e in* = engrav+ on wood4 ,!re are1 h[ev]1 results 9 ! half-tone process :i* ,i hold are inf9itely sup]ior to ! "w ( any wood-engrav] ( ! old s*ool4 ,:ile x is true t !re is no really positive ri* d>k = any "p ( ! composition--=1 ( c\rse1 ! light specks are ev]y:]e1 ?us light5+ & gray+ ! d>k--& :ile we lose by su* defects ! ri*ness ( wood-engrav+1 we also get ! exact t\* ( ! arti/ 9 no m & no less a degree1 p>ticul>ly no less4 ,h[ (t5 h ,i se5 an exquisite draw+ ( ,abbey's or ,du ,mauri]'s almo/ ru9$ by ! slipp+ ( ! bur9 ! "o-?\s&? "p ( an in*6 ,h[ inf9itely sup]ior are ! orig9als ( ,john ,lee*'s immortal c>icatures 9 ,pun* to ! reproductions1 all because ! %ad[ l9e "u an eye1 or t little dot :i* d5otes ! diff]5ce betwe5 amusem5t & curiosity 9 ! expression ( a face1 has be5 cut away ! ?\s&? "p ( a hair-l9e6 ,! processes ( ! half-tone1 h[ev]1 are ev] accurate & ! reproduction giv5 y is exact--) ! =ego+ re/rictions4 ,!n aga91 9 l&scape effects & 9 "s portraits1 ! uni=mity ( tone1 ! c]ta9ty ( e t\* be+ reproduc$1 ! exact balanc+ f d>k to light1 all result 9 bett] "w ?an c be done by ! ord9>y engrav]4 ,& yet1 ) all ! half-tone's advantages1 ,i mu/ admit t ,yu5gl+'s head ( ! ,pr(essor & _m ( 8 wood-cuts 9 an illu/rat$ edition ( ,sir ,launfal1 publi%$ "s ye>s ago1 & mu* ( ! "w ( su* ma/]s z ,cole1 ,wolff1 ,yu5gl+1 & o!rs1 /& z monum5ts = all "t to ! skill ( h&s t no process w ev] excel1 = !y put into x t some?+ :i* ! ba? ( vitriol w nev] furni%1 a bite ( ! acid ( _! own g5ius4 ,s9ce ^! e>li] days a new dep>ture has be5 made1 until n[ reproductive processes h be5 br\ght to su* p]fection t !re is h>dly any texture or color s*eme t c n be mat*$4 ,note1 if y w1 ,h[>d ,pyle 9 color--ri* 9 yell[s & r$s1 ) black & :ite spaces z an enri*m5t4 ,note also ,a4 ,i4 ,kell]'s transp>5t "w 9 *>coal gray4 ,note p>ticul>ly ! reproductions 9 ! magaz9es ( ,f4 ,walt] ,taylor's draw+s 9 *>coal1 9 :i* ! v texture ( ! coal is pres]v$4 ,&1 if y w p]mit me1 note ! half tones ( my own *>coal draw+s n[ on exhibition 9 ! adjo9+ gall]y4 ,s p]fect is ! reproduction t "o is c>eful n to smudge 8 f+]s 9 turn+ ! leaves ( ! publication 9 :i* !y are pr9t$4 ,?is be+ ! case 7& ! pr9t]s mu/ be ?ank$ z well = _! %>e 9 ! results71 ,i e>ne/ly hope t "s ( my bro!r illu/rators--! m ! m]ri]--w s]i\sly consid] ! value ( *>coal z a m$ium = illu/rative "w4 ,!re is no subject1 ,i assure y1 t ! sun %9es on or its light filt]s into1 or any phase ( nature1 be x ra9 or /orm1 fog1 sn[1 or mi/1 includ+ m>9es1 figures1 sunrises & sunsets1 blaz+ heat & cool1 transp>5t %ad[s1 t _c be visualiz$ by x4 ,i hold1 too1 t by its use qualities c be obta9$ impossible to be f\nd 9 ei!r et*+s1 li?ographic crayon1 wa%1 or p5 & ink--especially ! velvet ( its black4 ,*>coal is ! unhamp]$1 ! free1 ! p]sonal individual m$ium4 ,no wat]1 no oil1 no palette1 no squeez+ ( tubes or wip+ ( t9ts2 no scrap+1 scumbl+1 or o!r dilatory & exasp]at+ necessities4 ,j a piece ( coal1 ! size ( a cig>ette1 held flat betwe5 ! ?umb & ! =ef+]1 a %eet ( pap]1 & !n let g4 ,yes1 "o ?+ m--c>e mu/ be tak5 to h ?is =ef+] fa/5$ to a sure1 kn[+1 & fe>less h&1 work$ by an arm :i* plays easily & loosely 9 a ball-socket set firmly ne> y\r backbone4 ,to c>ry out ! metaphor1 ! /eam ( y\r en?usiasm1 kept 9 work+ ord] by ! safety-valve ( y\r exp]i5ce1 & regulat$ by ! ball-gov]nor ( y\r art k--su* z composition1 draw+1 mass1 light & d>k--is !n turn$ on4 ,n[ y c let g1 & 9 ! fulle/ s5se1 or y w nev] arrive4 ,my own exp]i5ce has taught me t if an outdoor *>coal sket*1 cov]+ & conta9+ all a man c see--& he %\ld nei!r record nor expla9 any?+ m--is n completely f9i%$ 9 two h\rs x _c be f9i%$ by ! same man 9 two days or two ye>s4 ,= a draw+ 9 *>coal is really a record ( a man's temp]am5t4 ,x repres5ts pre-em95tly ! p]sonality ( ! individual--8 buoyancy1 8 p]fect heal?1 ! quickness ( 8 ge/ures4 ,all ^! are %[n 9 ! way he /rikes 8 canvas--compell+ x to talk back to him4 ,s also does x record ! man's timidity1 8 want ( confid5ce 9 himself1 8 fe> ( spoil+ :at he has already done1 =gett+ t a nickel w buy him ano!r %eet ( pap]4 ,c\rage1 too1 is a compon5t "p--n to be afraid to /rike h>d & fa/1 belabor+ ! canvas z a pugili/ belabors an oppon5t1 beat+ nature into %ape4 ,illu/ration3 ,! ,george & ,vulture ,inn1 ,london ,z = ! pott]] & ! niggl]1 ! m5 & wom5 ^: /roke goes no f>!r back ?an _! knuckles1 ,i may frankly say t *>coal is n = !m4 ,! bl[ is a sl$ge bl[ go+ f ! sp9al column1 n ! pitapat ( a jewell]'s hamm] elaborat+ ! rep\sse ar\nd a goblet4 ,rememb]1 too1 t ! fight is all ov] 9 two h\rs--?ree at ! outside--! battle really won or lo/ 9 ! fir/ t5 m9utes1 if y only knew x3 :5 y get 9 y\r fir/ /rokes1 really def9+ y\r composition & plant+ y\r big high light & y\r big d>k4 ,x is all "r aft] t4 ,y c tap] (f on ! little lights & d>ks1 sav+ y\r w9d1 s to speak1 sp>r+ = y\r next supplem5t>y light & d>k4 ,rememb]1 too1 t :5 ! fight is ov] y mu/ n spoil :at y h done by repetition or f9i%4 ,let x alone4 ,y may n h cov]$ ev]y?+ y want$ to express1 b if y h sma%$ 9 ! sali5t features1 ! details w look out at y :5 y lea/ expect x4 ,!re are a ?\s& cross lights & untold my/]ies 9 ,rembr&t's %ad[s :i* 8 fri5ds fail$ to see :5 8 canvas left 8 /udio4 ,x is ! unexpress$ :i* is (t5 mo/ int]e/+4 ,meissoni] tells 8 /ory to ! end4 ,s d ,vib]t1 ,rico1 & ! :ole reali/ic s*ool4 ,corot gives y a mass ( foliage1 no s+le leaf express$1 b b5ea? x lurk great1 cav]n\s %ad[s 9 :i* nymphs & satyrs play hide-&-seek4 ,rememb]1 also1 t j z ! blunt end ( a bit ( *>coal is _m1 _m times l>g] ?an ! po9t ( an et*+-ne$le1 s are its res\rces = f9e l9es & m9ute dots & scrat*es j t mu* r$uc$4 ,x is ! flat ( ! piece ( coal t is valuable1 n its po9t4 ,z to :at c be done ) ?is piece ( coal1 ,i c b repeat1 ev]y?+4 ,t !re are "s subjects bett] ?an o!rs1 ,i w admit4 ,= me1 ,london1 its /reets & build+s1 come fir/1 especially if x be ra9+2 & !re is no "q t x does ra9 once 9 a :ile 9 ,london1 mak+ ! wet /reets & sidewalks gli/5 "u its silv]-gray sky1 little rivulets ( molt5 silv] escap+ ev]y:]e4 ,:5 ) ^! y get a backgr\nd--& ,i always d--( flat masses ( qua9t build+s1 all detail lo/ 9 ! haze & mi/ ( smoke1 y\r delight rises to en?usiasm4 ,n[h]e else 9 ! _w are ! values s m>vell\sly pres]v$4 ,y />t y\r =egr\nd )1 say1 a figure1 or an umbrella1 or a cab1 express$ 9 a /roke ( jet-black1 & ! p]spective in/antly fades into grays ( /eeple1 dome1 or ro(1 s delicate & vapory t !re is h>dly a %ade ( diff]5ce betwe5 e>? & sky4 ,or y /roll into "s old *ur* or ca!dral1 z ,i did la/ summ] :5 ,i f\nd myself 9 t mo/ wond]ful ( all ,engli% *ur*es--& ,i say x delib]ately--,/4 ,b>?olomew's ! ,great1 ov] 9 ,smi?field4 ,o!r *ur*es h ,i /udi$ 9 my w&]+s2 _m & v>i\s ca!drals1 basilicas1 & mosques h delight$ me4 ,i "k ! color & ! value ( tape/ry & ri* hang+s2 ( mosaics1 porphyry1 & v]d-antiques2 ( flut$ alaba/] & ! delicate trac]y ( ! arabesque2 b ! velvety quality ( ,london soot :5 appli$ to ! r\gh surfaces ( rudely *isell$ /ones1 & ! s(t lovel9ess ga9$ by grime & smoke1 came to me z a revelation4 ,?is ri* black :i*1 l a tropical fungus1 gr[s & spreads ?r\gh ,/4 ,b>?olomew's int]ior1 hid+ "u its s(t1 c>ess+ t\* ! r\gh angles & insi/5t edges ( ! ,norman1 is :at ! bloom is to ! grape1 :at ! d>k purpl+ is to ! plum1 mell[+ f sight ! brilliancy ( ! "u sk94 ,& !re are wide cov]+s ( x1 too1 9 ?is wond]ful *ur*1 z if "s ma/] decorator _h wield$ a great coal & at "o sweep ( 8 h& _h rubb$ its glori\s black into e crevice1 crack1 & cranny ( wall1 column1 & ar*4 ,c]ta9 x is t no o!r m$ium ?an ! "o us$ c\ld give any idea ( its *>m4 ,nei!r oil1 wat]-color1 nor pa/el w transmit x--no1 nor ! dry-po9t or bitt5 plate4 ,! soot ( c5turies1 ! fogs ( c\ntless ,novemb]s1 ! smoke ( a ?\s& firesides 7 ! pigm5ts :i* ! ,ma/] ,pa9t] set ^u 8 palette 9 ! task ( giv+ u "o exquisitely beautiful int]ior :olly 9 black-&-:ite4 ,s x 0 9 ! ,temple :5 ,i 0 se>*+ = ,mr4 ,?ack]ay's haunts4 ,:at ( alt]ations1 scrap+s1 pat*+s up1 & fill+s 9 h tak5 place 9 ^! v>i\s c\rts & _! surr\nd+s1 ,i did n tr\ble myself to f9d out4 ,no?+ looks new 9 ,london aft] ! fogs & soot ( "o w9t] h wreak$ _! v5geance ^u x4 ,:e!r ! facade is ( brick1 /one1 or /ucco dep5ds entirely on ! ?ickness ( ! soot1 pack$ 9 or sc\r$ clean by w9ds & ra9s1 or :e!r ! surface is ebony or m>ble1 z may be se5 9 _m ( ! /atues on ,burl+ton ,h\se1 :]e a head1 arm1 or "p ( a p$e/al *air has be5 kept :ite by con/ant d\*es4 ,z = me1 ,i 0 glad t ^! old haunts ( ,mr4 ,?ack]ay & 8 *>act]s are ev5 black] to-day ?an !y might h be5 9 8 "t4 ,= ! soot & grime become !m1 & ,london z well1 = t matt]4 ,a great impressioni/1 ?is smoke-smudg] & wip]-out ( detail1 ?is believ] 9 masses & simple surfaces1 ?is de/roy] ( g+]bread ornam5ts1 petty m\ld+s1 & *eap flut+s6 99 99 99 99 99 ,& n[ = a few practical data z to my own way ( h&l+ ! coal1 :i* may be ( value z com+ f "o :o has pr(it$ ^! _m ye>s by its inf9ite possibilities4 ,illu/ration3 ,diagram ( ,*>coal ,te*nic ,! pap] is ! same ,i use 9 my wat]-colors1 a delicate1 gray1 d\ble-?ick *>coal pap]1 laid 9 p>allel ribs1 if ,i may s express x1 & hav+ suffici5t body & too? to cat* & hold ! fa9te/ t\* or ! /ronge/ /roke ( ! coal4 ,! gray ( ?is pap] s]ves z ! middle tone ( ! draw+1 ! diff]5t gradations ( black 9 ! coal giv+ ! d>ks & ! c>eful use ( :ite *alks ! high lights4 ,^! gradations are obta9$ by ! use ( a few simple processes1 by :i* v>i\s textures c be giv51 />t+1 = in/ance1 f or ne> ! =egr\nd1 :]e ! grit ( ! *>coal is us$ to br+ ! ne>] details into cle> relief1 ! sev]al l>g] gradations & textures giv+ a]ial p]spectives be+ produc$ by a broad sweep ( ! h&1 =c+ ! grit ( ! coal into ! crevices ( ! pap]1 ! result be+ :at ,i may t]m ! fir/ plane or ne>e/ atmosph]ic value2 ! h\se a squ>e away1 if y please--provid$ ! subject is a /reet--be+ ! second plane4 ,beyond ?is1 f>!r d[n ! /reet1 is f\nd1 x may be1 ano!r h\se or o!r object4 ,n[ try y\r ?umb1 rubb+ y\r h&-smoo!d *>coal into a f9] & clos] me%3 & = ! /ill m atmosph]ic di/ances d[n ?is same /reet1 use next a rag1 !n a bucksk9 /omp1 & la/ ( all a /iff pap] /omp1 ea* 9 turn produc+ a m atmosph]ic gray z ! di/ances fade--! la/1 ! pap] /omp1 be+ z s(t z a wa% ( ,india ink4 7,see diagram47 ,all ^! y may say are tricks4 ,!y are--my own tricks1 or r use ( ! means :i* lay at my h&1 :i* long exp]i5ce has taught me to employ1 & :i* any "o ( y w no d\bt bett] 9 y\r own h&l+ ( ! coal4 ,^! planes be+ secur$1 any light high] ?an ! prevail+ rubb$-9 tone c be wip$ out clean to ! gra9 ( ! pap] by a piece ( ductile rubb]4 ,any d>k] d>k1 ( c\rse1 c be obta9$ by ret\*+ ) ! coal4 ,! *alk n[ comes into play = skies1 broad sunlight effects1 or crisp1 sp>kl+ lights4 ,! :ole "w is !n fix$1 z ,i h already expla9$1 by ! use ( gum %ellac & a common p]fume atomiz]4 ,& ) ?is cond5s$ /atem5t ,i mu/ br+ ?is my la/ talk to a close1 rememb]+ z ,i d t ,i h be5 address+ a body ( /ud5ts :o are already famili> ) "o or m m$iums1 & :o1 ) ^! few spok5 memor&a & a f9i%$ draw+ be=e !m1 w solve at a glance my/]ies baffl+ to ! layman4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,by ,f4 ,,hopk9son ,,smi? ,,felix ,o',,day4 ,,! ,,arm-,,*air ,,at ,,! ,,inn4 ,,k5n$y ,,squ>e4 ,,! ,,tides ,,( ,,b>negat4 ,,! ,,romance ,,( ,,an ,,old-,,fa%ion$ ,,g5tleman4 ,,colonel ,,c>t]',s ,,*ri/mas4 ,,=ty ,,m9utes ,,late4 ,,! ,,wood ,,fire ,,9 ,no4 #c4 ,,! ,,veil$ ,,lady4 ,,! ,,"u ,,dog4 ,,9 ,,dick5s',s ,,london4 ,,eno* ,,crane4 ,a novel plann$ & begun by ,f4 ,hopk9son ,smi? & complet$ by ,f4 ,b]keley ,smi?4 ,,*>les ,,scribn]',s ,,sons